bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Position of the Double Bond and Ring Size on the Stability of Hydrogen Bonded Complexes
Authors: Cheng Shumin , Tang Shanshan , Tsona Narcisse T. , Du Lin
Published: September 2017

To study the influence of the position of the double bond and ring size on the stability of hydrogen bonded complexes, the 1:1 complexes formed between 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and three heterocyclic compounds including 2,3-dihydrofuran (2,3-DHF), 2,5-dihydrofuran (2,5-DHF) and 3,4-dihydropyran (3,4-DHP) were investigated systematically. The formation of hydrogen bonded TFE−2,3-DHF, TFE−2,5-DHF and TFE−3,4-DHP complexes were identified by gas phase FTIR spectroscopy at room temperature, and the OH-stretching fundamental transition of TFE was red shifted upon complexation. The competition between the O atom and π-electrons bonding sites within the complexes was studied, and the O−H···π type hydrogen bond was found to be less stable than the O−H···O in all three cases. The observed red shifts of the OH-stretching fundamental transitions in the complexes were attributed to the formation of O−H···O hydrogen bond. Equilibrium constants of the complexation reactions were determined from measured and calculated OH-stretching fundamental intensities. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that the hydrogen bond strengths in the complexes follow the sequence: TFE−2,5-DHF > TFE−2,3-DHF ≈ TFE−3,4-DHP, thus the position of the double bond exerts significantly larger influence than ring size on the stability of the selected hydrogen bonded complexes.
A novel method to evaluate nanofluid stability using multivariate image analysis
Authors: Lemes Maykon Alves , Rabelo Denilson , Elcana de Oliveira Anselmo
Published: September 2017

A multivariate image analysis (MIA)-based approach in conjunction with chemometrics is proposed to evaluate the stability of nanofluids prepared by dispersing cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in mineral insulating oil.
Tetra-functional double-decker silsesquioxanes as anchors for reactive functional groups and potential synthons for hybrid materials
Authors: Mituła K. , Duszczak J. , Brząkalski D. , Dudziec B. , Kubicki M. , Marciniec B.
Published: September 2017

The preparation of a series of double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) derivatives with four reactive functional groups (FGs) is described. The synthetic approach is based on a highly efficient functionalization of a simple tetrasilanol form of DDSQ.
A mutation-resistant deoxyribozyme OR gate for highly selective detection of viral nucleic acids
Authors: Kamar Ola , Sun Sin-Cih , Lin Chieh-Hua , Chung Wan-Yu , Lee Min-Shi , Liao Yu-Chieh , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. , Chuang Min-Chieh
Published: September 2017

A set of deoxyribozyme probes was arranged in an OR gate to fluorescently report ∼90% of enterovirus 71 strains and distinguish them from coxsackievirus.
A two-photon fluorescent probe for ratiometric imaging of endogenous hypochlorous acid in live cells and tissues
Authors: Jun Yong Woong , Sarkar Sourav , Singha Subhankar , Reo Ye Jin , Kim Hye Rim , Kim Jong-Jin , Chang Young-Tae , Ahn Kyo Han
Published: September 2017

A fluorescent probe enables two-photon ratiometric imaging of endogenous hypochlorous acid, a reactive oxygen species, in cells and tissues.
A facile route to segmented copolymers by fusing ambient temperature step-growth and RAFT polymerization
Authors: Gegenhuber Thomas , Schenzel Alexander M. , Goldmann Anja S. , Zetterlund Per B. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: September 2017

We introduce the facile synthesis of segmented copolymers via a catalyst-free Diels–Alder (DA) reaction at ambient temperature via step-growth polymerization and subsequent reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.
A cyano-bridged coordination nanotube showing field-induced slow magnetic relaxation
Authors: Shao Dong , Shi Le , Shen Fu-Xing , Wang Xin-Yi
Published: September 2017

Field-induced slow magnetic relaxation was observed in a cyano-bridged nanotube constructed from a pentagonal bipyramidal CoII unit and a hexacyanocobaltate(iii) anion.
PPh4Cl in aqueous solution – the aggregation behavior of an antagonistic salt
Authors: Winkler Robert , Buchecker Thomas , Hastreiter Florian , Touraud Didier , Kunz Werner
Published: September 2017

The aggregation behavior of the antagonistic salt PPh4Cl was investigated. This salt was found to be an excellent hydrotrope which does not aggregate in binary aqueous solutions or in a ternary one, upon the addition of the exemplary hydrophobic molecule DR-13.
Long-range magnetic response of toroidal boron structures: B16and [Co@B16]−/3−species
Authors: Muñoz-Castro Alvaro , Popov Ivan A. , Boldyrev Alexander I.
Published: September 2017

Toroid-like molecules exhibit a long-range shielding or deshielding cone depending on their aromatic or conflicting aromatic behavior.
Proton conduction in alkali metal ion-exchanged porous ionic crystals
Authors: Uchida Sayaka , Hosono Reina , Eguchi Ryo , Kawahara Ryosuke , Osuga Ryota , Kondo Junko N. , Hibino Mitsuhiro , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: September 2017

Li+ in an alkali metal ion-exchanged porous ionic crystal forms a dense and extensive hydrogen-bonding network of water molecules with mobile protons leading to a high proton conductivity (>10−3 S cm−1).
A review of the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into value-added hydrocarbons
Authors: Yang Haiyan , Zhang Chen , Gao Peng , Wang Hui , Li Xiaopeng , Zhong Liangshu , Wei Wei , Sun Yuhan
Published: September 2017

We review the indirect and direct routes for CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons and recent developments in catalyst design, performance and mechanism.
Shortwave infrared luminescent Pt-nanowires: a mechanistic study of emission in solution and in the solid state
Authors: Cheadle Carl , Ratcliff Jessica , Berezin Mikhail , Pal'shin Vadim , Nemykin Victor N. , Gerasimchuk Nikolay N.
Published: September 2017

Yellow monomeric complexes of platinum with two cyanoxime ligands self-assemble into polymeric dark-green [PtL2]n1D stacks held by metallophillic interactions.
Ad hoc solid electrolyte on acidized carbon nanotube paper improves cycle life of lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Xu Guiyin , Kushima Akihiro , Yuan Jiaren , Dou Hui , Xue Weijiang , Zhang Xiaogang , Yan Xiaohong , Li Ju
Published: September 2017

The in situ polymerized solid barrier stops sulfur transport while still allowing bidirectional Li+ transport, alleviating the shuttle effect and increasing the cycling performance.
The effect of salt concentration on swelling power, rheological properties and saltiness perception of waxy, normal and high amylose maize starch
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Guo Dongwei , Xue Jiquan , Yanniotis Stavros , Mandala Ioanna
Published: September 2017

The effect of salt concentration on swelling power, rheological properties and saltiness perception of waxy, normal and high amylose maize starch was investigated.
Efficient design for in situ determination of amlodipine in whole blood samples using fast Fourier transform stripping square wave voltammetry after preconcentration by electromembrane extraction
Authors: Mofidi Zahra , Norouzi Parviz , Seidi Shahram , Reza Ganjali Mohammad
Published: September 2017

Ultra-sensitivein situdetermination of amlodipine in whole blood samples was conducted using FFT voltammetry after preconcentration by electromembrane extraction.
Synthesis of a hierarchical cobalt sulfide/cobalt basic salt nanocomposite via a vapor-phase hydrothermal method as an electrode material for supercapacitor
Authors: Liu Long , Rong Heng , Li Jiajing , Tong Xiaowei , Wang Zhenghua
Published: September 2017

A hierarchical cobalt sulfide/cobalt basic salt nanocomposite shows excellent electrochemical performances as a supercapacitor.
Photophysics and redox properties of aza-BODIPY dyes with electron-withdrawing groups
Authors: Gut Arkadiusz , Łapok Łukasz , Jamróz Dorota , Gorski Alexandr , Solarski Jędrzej , Nowakowska Maria
Published: September 2017

The optical and electrochemical properties are compared for aza-BODIPY dyes that differ by virtue of the substituents at 1,7- and 3,5-positions of the aza-BODIPY backbone.
Engineering biodegradable guanidyl-decorated PEG-PCL nanoparticles as robust exogenous activators of DCs and antigen cross-presentation
Authors: Li Pan , Song Huijuan , Zhang Hao , Yang Pengxiang , Zhang Chuangnian , Huang Pingsheng , Kong Deling , Wang Weiwei
Published: September 2017

We report the strategy of surface guanidyl decoration to nanoscale immunoadjuvants to improve the activation and maturation of dendritic cells and the level of immune responses of antigens.
Pd@C core–shell nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes as highly stable and selective catalysts for hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene
Authors: Zhang Liyun , Ding Yuxiao , Wu Kuang-Hsu , Niu Yiming , Luo Jingjie , Yang Xikun , Zhang Bingsen , Su Dangsheng
Published: September 2017

Highly stable and selective Pd-based catalyst was synthesized by covering supported Pd nanoparticles with an N-doped carbon shell for acetylene hydrogenation.
Pulsed laser polymerisation studies of methyl methacrylate in the presence of AlCl3 and ZnCl2 – evidence of propagation catalysis
Authors: Jiang Jing Y. , Smith Leesa M. , Tyrell Jason H. , Coote Michelle L.
Published: September 2017

Pulsed laser polymerization experiments demonstrate that Lewis acids electrostatically catalyse the propagation step in radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
Theoretical investigation on proton transfer mechanism of extradiol dioxygenase
Authors: Liu Yang , Tu Ningyu , Xie Wenyu , Li Youming
Published: September 2017

The formation mechanism of alkyl(hydro)peroxo species is performedviatwo parallel pathways.
Synergistic catalytic effects of oxygen and nitrogen functional groups on active carbon electrodes for all-vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Lee Min Eui , Jin Hyoung-Joon , Yun Young Soo
Published: September 2017

Thin pyroprotein coating layers containing numerous oxygen and nitrogen heteroatoms were introduced on the surface of CFs (P-CFs), and their catalytic effects on the redox reaction of V2+/V3+ couples for VRFBs were investigated.
Rubber-elasticity and electrochemical activity of iron(ii) tris(bipyridine) crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks
Authors: Williams Zachary H. , Burwell Emily D. , Chiomento Ambre E. , Demsko Kyle J. , Pawlik Jacob T. , Harris Shannon O. , Yarolimek Mark R. , Whitney Megan B. , Hambourger Michael , Schwab Alexander D.
Published: September 2017

2,2′-bipyridine-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)s were crosslinked with Fe(BF4)2 to yield elastomeric materials with electrochemically active crosslinks.
Finite size effects of ionic species sensitively determine load bearing capacities of lubricated systems under combined influence of electrokinetics and surface compliance
Authors: Naik Kaustubh Girish , Chakraborty Suman , Chakraborty Jeevanjyoti
Published: September 2017

Electrokinetic effects, including finite size of ions, can significantly alter the mechanical response of lubricated systems with a deformable wall.
A high-efficiency N/P co-doped graphene/CNT@porous carbon hybrid matrix as a cathode host for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wu Huali , Xia Li , Ren Juan , Zheng Qiaoji , Xu Chenggang , Lin Dunmin
Published: September 2017

Eco-friendly, multi-heteroatom-doped 3D hybrids were constructed for the first time by one-pot pyrolysis and showed excellent electrochemical performance.
Non-invasively visualizing cell–matrix interactions in two-photon excited supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Ji Wei , Li Lingling , Eniola-Adefeso Omolola , Wang Yaming , Liu Chuntai , Feng Chuanliang
Published: September 2017

This work presents a new, universal approach to building two-photon-excited hydrogels through supramolecular self-assembly for high resolution 3D cell imaging.
Non‐circulating‐current magnetic‐integrated three‐bridge dual‐buck inverter
Authors: Wang Wu , Lin Xianlin , Chen Jiaqiao , Cai Fenghuang , Chai Qinqin , Lin Qiongbin
Published: September 2017

A novel non‐circulating‐current magnetic‐integrated three‐bridge dual‐buck inverter (DBI) is proposed. By adding the third bridge, the proposed inverter can remove two input capacitances and enhance the utilisation of input voltage in traditional dual buck half‐bridge inverter (DBHBI). In addition, the partly coupled inductors with non‐dotted ends connected are applied to elevate the power density. The dc link diode is utilised to eliminate circulating current caused by magnetic induction absolutely. The generating principle of circulating current and operating principle of the proposed inverter have been analysed in detail. Finally, experimental results are obtained on a 1 kW prototype to verify the practical application of the proposed inverter.
Multi‐beam pattern synthesis algorithm based on kernel principal component analysis and semi‐definite relaxation
Authors: Yang Yin , Sheng Weixing , Han Yubing , Ma Xiaofeng
Published: September 2017

In this study, a novel multi‐beam pattern synthesis algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is divided into three steps. First, the pattern synthesis is performed for each beam without element excitation amplitude constraints, and form a element excitations amplitude matrix (EEAM). Second, the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) technique is used to acquire a group of common element excitation amplitudes (CEEA). Finally, the semi‐definite relaxation technique is employed to obtain the element excitation phase of each beam. The KPCA is a kind of principal component extraction method. Compared with the traditional method, the kernel function and the kernel parameter selection criterion used in the proposed study are designed to ensure that the extracted principal component can hold more than 80% of the information of the EEAM, which means that the acquired CEEA can bestly characterise the EEAM, hence resulting in a better synthesised pattern. In addition, the use of KPCA is a quasi‐analytical process, which also speeds up the overall algorithm. Compared to the iterative multi‐beam pattern synthesis algorithm, nearly half of the synthesis time is reduced. Through several sets of synthesised examples, and compared with some classical algorithms, this algorithm proves its superiority in the comprehensive effect and calculation time.
Monitoring of hydrogen concentration using capacitive nanosensor in a 1% H2–N2 mixture
Authors: Behzadi Pour Ghobad , Fekri Aval Leila
Published: September 2017

In this work, a hydrogen capacitor nanosensor with palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) electrode based on metal–oxide–semiconductor structure has been fabricated. The capacitor sensor has been fabricated on the n‐type silicon substrate with an oxide film thickness of 50 nm. PdNPs are synthesised and then deposited on the oxide surface using spin coating. PdNPs are characterised using by transmission electron microscope and UV spectrum. Also, the morphology of the oxide surface is characterised using by atomic force microscope. The response time and recovery time of nanosensor have been explained at the room temperature. The time interval to 90% of the signal value for 1% H2–N2 mixture was 1.4 s and recovery time was 14 s. The curve of pressure as a function of hydrogen concentration (H/Pd) in the PdNPs and the mechanism of the nanosensor are reported. The capacitor nanosensor based on nanoparticles shows sensitive and fast response.
Dem Wärmeverlust wirksam vorbeugen
Authors: Wiechert Niklas
Published: September 2017

Hypothermieprävention Jeder kennt das Phänomen des Wärmeverlustes unter einer Anästhesie. Schon im 19. Jahrhundert konnte dies in
Tierversuchen mit Äther beobachtet werden. 1 Auch heute, 170 Jahre später, gehört der Wärmeverlust zu den
häufigsten Komplikationen in der Anästhesie. Oft wird die Temperatur als Vitalparameter nur sehr stiefmütterlich behandelt. Die Prävention
und Therapie der perioperativen Hypothermie rückt jedoch heute mehr denn je in den Mittelpunkt.
Dynamically controlled energy dissipation for fast magnetic vortex switching
Authors: Badea R. , Berezovsky J.
Published: September 2017

Manipulation of vortex states in magnetic media provides new routes towards information storage and processing technology. The typical slow relaxation times (∼100 ns) of magnetic vortex dynamics may present an obstacle to the realization of these applications. Here, we investigate how a vortex state in a ferromagnetic microdisk can be manipulated in a way that translates the vortex core while enhancing energy dissipation to rapidly damp the vortex dynamics. We use time-resolved differential magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy to measure the motion of the vortex core in response to applied magnetic fields. We first map out how the vortex core becomes sequentially trapped by pinning sites as it translates across the disk. After applying a fast magnetic field step to translate the vortex from one pinning site to another, we observe long-lived dynamics of the vortex as it settles to the new equilibrium. We then demonstrate how the addition of a short (<10 ns) magnetic field pulse can induce additional energy dissipation, strongly damping the long-lived dynamics. A model of the vortex dynamics using the Thiele equation of motion explains the mechanism behind this effect.
Communication: Microphase equilibrium and assembly dynamics
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Charbonneau Patrick
Published: September 2017

Despite many attempts, ordered equilibrium microphases have yet to be obtained in experimental colloidal suspensions. The recent computation of the equilibrium phase diagram of a microscopic, particle–based microphase former [Zhuang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 098301 (2016)] has nonetheless found such mesoscale assemblies to be thermodynamically stable. Here, we consider their equilibrium and assembly dynamics. At intermediate densities above the order-disorder transition, we identify four different dynamical regimes and the structural changes that underlie the dynamical crossovers from one disordered regime to the next. Below the order-disorder transition, we also find that periodic lamellae are the most dynamically accessible of the periodic microphases. Our analysis thus offers a comprehensive view of the dynamics of disordered microphases and a route to the assembly of periodic microphases in a putative well-controlled, experimental system.
Length and sequence relaxation of copolymers under recombination reactions
Authors: Blokhuis Alex , Lacoste David
Published: September 2017

We describe the kinetics and thermodynamics of copolymers undergoing recombination reactions, which are important for prebiotic chemistry. We use two approaches: the first one, based on chemical rate equations and the mass-action law describes the infinite size limit, while the second one, based on the chemical master equation, describes systems of finite size. We compare the predictions of both approaches for the relaxation of thermodynamic quantities towards equilibrium. We find that for some choice of initial conditions, the entropy of the sequence distribution can be lowered at the expense of increasing the entropy of the length distribution. We consider mainly energetically neutral reactions, except for one simple case of non-neutral reactions.
Physiological and biochemical responses to water deficit in Lotus uliginosus × L. corniculatus hybrids
Authors: Castillo A. , Rebuffo M. , Díaz P. , García C. , Monza J. , Borsani O.
Published: September 2017

Lotus uliginosus (greater lotus, GL) and L. corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil, BT) are species markedly different in their genetics, morphology and environmental adaptation. We evaluated the hybrids and parental species under differential conditions: in vitro culture, growth chamber and open field environments. The experimental evaluation included biochemical, physiological, developmental and productive parameters. Parental species exhibited significant differences in root growth under different osmotic potentials generated by polyethylene glycol, and hybrids exhibited variability in their response compared with their parents. Plants grown in pots and subjected to drought exhibited differences in biochemical parameters. Proline accumulation and oxidative damage measured by lipid peroxidation were higher in birdsfoot trefoil than any other genotype, and the lowest values were observed in greater lotus. The total phenolic content in shoot ranged from 147 to 279 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g–1 dry mater. With regard to antioxidant capacity estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, greater lotus had the highest value and birdsfoot trefoil the lowest, at almost one-third, whereas hybrids had intermediate values. Under stress conditions, water-use efficiency showed significant differences between both parental species. In the field, under either irrigation or drought, the dry matter accumulated by the hybrids was higher than that of the parents. Hybrids express recombination of features, making them an interesting material to continue evaluation.
Presence of vascular endothelial growth factor during the first half of IVM improves the meiotic and developmental competence of porcine oocytes from small follicles
Authors: Bui Tra M. T. , Nguyễn Khánh X. , Karata Asako , Ferré Pilar , Trần Minh T. , Wakai Takuya , Funahashi Hiroaki
Published: September 2017

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the meiotic and developmental competence of porcine oocytes from small follicles (SF; 0.5–3 mm diameter). When cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) from medium-sized follicles (MF; 3–6 mm diameter) and SF were cultured for IVM, the maturation rates were significantly higher for oocytes from MF than SF. Concentrations of VEGF in the medium were significantly higher for COCs cultured from MF than SF. When COCs from SF were exposed to 200 ng mL–1 VEGF during the first 20 h of IVM, the maturation rate improved significantly and was similar to that of oocytes derived from MF. The fertilisability of oocytes was also significantly higher than that of VEGF-free SF controls. Following parthenogenetic activation, the blastocyst formation rate improved significantly when SF COC culture was supplemented with 200 ng mL–1 VEGF, with the rate similar to that of oocytes from MF. The results of the present study indicate that VEGF markedly improves the meiotic and developmental competence of oocytes derived from SF, especially at a concentration of 200 ng mL–1 during the first 20 h of IVM.
Fire alters soil labile stoichiometry and litter nutrients in Australian eucalypt forests
Authors: Butler Orpheus M. , Lewis Tom , Chen Chengrong
Published: September 2017

Ecological stoichiometry may be used to investigate the impacts of fire regime, as fire regime can influence the cycling and balance of elements within forest ecosystems. We investigated the effects of fire history on soil and litter stoichiometry in four forest sites in Queensland, Australia. Soil and litter in recently burned areas were compared with those in areas with no recent fire. Effects of burning on concentrations and ratios of multiple pools of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in soil varied between sites, indicating that site and fire regime characteristics regulate these responses. Labile pools of soil C, N and P were more responsive to burning than total pools, and labile soil C:P and N:P ratios tended to be lower in recently burned areas, consistent with our expectations. These changes suggest that the disparate volatilisation temperatures of these elements influence post-fire soil stoichiometry, and that P cycling may be enhanced in some post-fire environments. Fire-induced changes to litter chemistry were not consistent with soil effects, although litter was generally nutrient-enriched in recently burned areas. Our results reveal the potential for fire to alter elemental balances and thus modify C and nutrient cycling in the plant–soil system.
A classical view on nonclassical nucleation
Authors: Smeets Paul J. M. , Finney Aaron R. , Habraken Wouter J. E. M. , Nudelman Fabio , Friedrich Heiner , Laven Jozua , De Yoreo James J. , Rodger P. Mark , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M.
Published: September 2017

Significance

Nucleation is the process by which constituent building blocks first assemble to form a new substance. In the case of mineral formation from initially free ions in solution, the emergence of intermediary phases often determines the thermodynamics and kinetics of formation for the most stable phase. Our work on CaCO
3
mineralization reevaluates a topic of intense discussion: Can nucleation be explained by theories established over a century ago, or should new physical concepts, as recently proposed, be adopted? Our data show that classical theories can indeed be used to describe complex mechanisms of crystallization. In addition, we provide information about the properties of intermediate phases, which will aid in the design of additives to control mineralization.
A
trans
-acting leader RNA from a
Salmonella
virulence gene
Authors: Choi Eunna , Han Yoontak , Cho Yong-Joon , Nam Daesil , Lee Eun-Jin
Published: September 2017

Significance

The intracellular pathogen
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium must move toward nutrients to obtain food. However, at the same time, it has to evade the host immune system. Because bacterial flagella are required for both bacterial movement and immune detection, production of flagella must be tightly regulated during infection. Here, we establish that
Salmonella
produces a leader RNA from the
mgtCBR
virulence operon and degrades mRNAs of the
fljB
phase 2 flagellin gene during infection. Our finding indicates a direct link between a virulence determinant and motility via a
trans
-acting leader RNA derived from the virulence determinant gene in a given host environment.
Dual role of mitochondria in producing melatonin and driving GPCR signaling to block cytochrome c release
Authors: Suofu Yalikun , Li Wei , Jean-Alphonse Frédéric G. , Jia Jiaoying , Khattar Nicolas K. , Li Jiatong , Baranov Sergei V. , Leronni Daniela , Mihalik Amanda C. , He Yanqing , Cecon Erika , Wehbi Vanessa L. , Kim JinHo , Heath Brianna E. , Baranova Oxana V. , Wang Xiaomin , Gable Matthew J. , Kretz Eric S. , Di Benedetto Giulietta , Lezon Timothy R. , Ferrando Lisa M. , Larkin Timothy M. , Sullivan Mara , Yablonska Svitlana , Wang Jingjing , Minnigh M. Beth , Guillaumet Gérald , Suzenet Franck , Richardson R. Mark , Poloyac Samuel M. , Stolz Donna B. , Jockers Ralf , Witt-Enderby Paula A. , Carlisle Diane L. , Vilardaga Jean-Pierre , Friedlander Robert M.
Published: September 2017

Significance

This paper describes the finding that mitochondria synthesize and release melatonin and have their selective G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in the outer membrane. We further demonstrate that mitochondrial melatonin type 1 receptors respond to melatonin by activating heterotrimeric G proteins located in the intermembrane space and inhibit stress-mediated cytochrome c release. This remarkable insight changes our classical understanding of biological GPCR function by showing that a cellular organelle both synthesizes and has a signaling receptor for a specific ligand. Implicit with our original work is the existence of an automitocrine signaling pathway by which melatonin prevents neurodegeneration associated with mitochondrial cytochrome
c
release and downstream caspase activation.
Single rat muscle Na
+
channel mutation confers batrachotoxin autoresistance found in poison-dart frog
Phyllobates terribilis
Authors: Wang Sho-Ya , Wang Ging Kuo
Published: September 2017

Significance

Phyllobates terribilis
frog is listed as an endangered species, endemic to the Pacific coast of Colombia. Through diets, these golden poison frogs sequester lethal amounts of batrachotoxin in their skin for self-defense. Batrachotoxin activates voltage-gated Na
+
channels and keeps them open persistently with deadly consequences. This study addresses how golden poison frogs may avoid poisoning themselves via a naturally occurring substitution at the batrachotoxin receptor within their muscle Na
+
channel. An equivalent asparagine-to-threonine substitution not only preserved the functional integrity of rat muscle Na
+
channels but also rendered them exceptionally resistant to batrachotoxin. Such a switch could evolve via a single nucleotide mutation.
Structure of the Ebola virus envelope protein MPER/TM domain and its interaction with the fusion loop explains their fusion activity
Authors: Lee Jinwoo , Nyenhuis David A. , Nelson Elizabeth A. , Cafiso David S. , White Judith M. , Tamm Lukas K.
Published: September 2017

Significance

Current models of virus entry by type 1 viral envelope glycoprotein-mediated membrane fusion place the fusion domains (fusion peptides or fusion loops) and transmembrane (TM) domains of these proteins in close proximity, but a direct molecular interaction and functional cooperation of these domains have not been previously demonstrated for any viral envelope glycoprotein. In the present work, we determined the structure of the only missing pieces of the Ebolavirus glycoprotein 2 [namely, its membrane proximal external region (MPER) and TM domains], demonstrate MPER’s direct molecular interaction with the fusion loop of the same protein, and provide evidence for the functional significance of this interaction.
Effects of thymic selection on T cell recognition of foreign and tumor antigenic peptides
Authors: George Jason T. , Kessler David A. , Levine Herbert
Published: September 2017

Significance

We have developed a model of T cell binding that accurately represents the influence of self-peptides on thymic negative selection. From this, we generated estimates for relevant antigen recognition rates. We found that negative selection only slightly interferes with a T cell’s ability to detect antigens that differ from self-peptide by a single amino acid and that these peptides may effectively be regarded as foreign. Moreover, negative selection thresholds chosen to reflect experimentally observed thymic survival rates result in optimal production of T cells that are capable of surviving selection and recognizing foreign antigen. Lastly, our model predicts empirically reasonable donor tissue recognition rates in the context of an HLA-matched transplant.
Nitric oxide blocks the development of the human parasiteSchistosoma japonicum
Authors: Shen Jia , Lai De-Hua , Wilson R. Alan , Chen Yun-Fu , Wang Li-Fu , Yu Zi-Long , Li Mei-Yu , He Ping , Hide Geoff , Sun Xi , Yang Ting-Bao , Wu Zhong-Dao , Ayala Francisco J. , Lun Zhao-Rong
Published: September 2017

Significance

Viable egg production bySchistosomaspecies is the key pathogenic process causing granuloma formation in permissive hosts (e.g., mice), while nonpermissive hosts [e.g., Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)] avoid such sequelae. Using inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS−/−) rats, we demonstrate that high expression levels of iNOS in rats play an important role in blocking the egg-induced granuloma formation ofSchistosoma japonicum. The nitric oxide, produced by iNOS, inhibits parasite growth, reproductive organ development, egg production, and viability by interfering with mitochondrial function. This study solves the puzzle as to why rats are naturally resistant toS. japonicuminfection and provides insights for understanding the pathogenesis of human schistosomiasis and the interactions between host and parasite.
Stachel-independent modulation of GPR56/ADGRG1 signaling by synthetic ligands directed to its extracellular region
Authors: Salzman Gabriel S. , Zhang Shu , Gupta Ankit , Koide Akiko , Koide Shohei , Araç Demet
Published: September 2017

Significance

G protein-coupled receptors enable cells to sense extracellular signals and translate them into physiological responses. In addition to a transmembrane domain that transduces signals into the cytoplasm, adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have large extracellular regions (ECRs) that interact with proteins in the extracellular space. The goal of this study is to elucidate how ECRs control aGPCR activation. We engineered synthetic binding proteins, termed monobodies, that bind specific domains in the ECR and showed that monobodies can activate or inhibit G-protein signaling. Our data conclusively establish the feasibility of controlling aGPCR signaling using ECR-targeted drug-like molecules and support a model in which ligand binding to the ECR can affect the transmembrane domain and modulate signal transduction.
Effect of cell cycle arrest on intermediate metabolism in the marine diatom
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Kim Joomi , Brown Christopher M. , Kim Min Kyung , Burrows Elizabeth H. , Bach Stéphane , Lun Desmond S. , Falkowski Paul G.
Published: September 2017

Significance

We examined the effect of cell cycle arrest in the diatom
Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
When the cycle is disrupted in G1 phase, it leads to unbalanced growth and the accumulation of storage products, especially lipids. In contrast to nitrogen-stressed cells, however, cells arrested in G1 do not cannibalize photosynthetic proteins and show little change in photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency. This study provides insight into how intermediate metabolism is scheduled with respect to the cell cycle in a marine diatom.
Age, Year-Class Strength Variability, and Partial Age Validation of Kiyis from Lake Superior
Authors: Lepak T. A. , Ogle D. H. , Vinson M. R.
Published: September 2017

Age estimates of Lake Superior Kiyis Coregonus kiyi from scales and otoliths were compared and 12 years (2003–2014) of length frequency data were examined to assess year-class strength and validate age estimates. Ages estimated from otoliths were precise and were consistently older than ages estimated from scales. Maximum otolith-derived ages were 20 years for females and 12 years for males. Age estimates showed high numbers of fish of ages 5, 6, and 11 in 2014, corresponding to the 2009, 2008, and 2003 year-classes, respectively. Strong 2003 and 2009 year-classes, along with the 2005 year-class, were also evident based on distinct modes of age-1 fish (<110 mm) in the length frequency distributions from 2004, 2010, and 2006, respectively. Modes from these year-classes were present as progressively larger fish in subsequent years. Few to no age-1 fish (<110 mm) were present in all other years. Ages estimated from otoliths were generally within 1 year of the ages corresponding to strong year-classes, at least for age-5 and older fish, suggesting that Kiyi age may be reliably estimated to within 1 year by careful examination of thin-sectioned otoliths.

Received January 17, 2017; accepted June 26, 2017 Published online September 6, 2017
Detecting Multispecific Patterns in the Catch Composition of a Fisheries-Independent Longline Survey
Authors: Niella Yuri V. , Hazin Fábio H. V. , Afonso André S.
Published: September 2017

Understanding the main factors that regulate species composition in fisheries is of utmost importance for developing efficient management strategies, particularly under the scope of ecosystem-based conservation approaches. This study used multivariate statistics to analyze catch data collected during a ~10-year, fishery-independent, standardized longline survey conducted in coastal waters (<20-m isobaths) off Recife, northeastern Brazil. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to assess the influence of spatiotemporal, environmental, and bioecological variables on the variability in longline catch composition and to identify similarly distributed groups of species. Additionally, an analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) was conducted to investigate the likeness among the multispecific groups and identify the most influential variables. A total of 1,295 specimens representing 29 species of teleosts, elasmobranchs, and sea turtles were caught, but most species (62.0%) were little represented (<1%) in the catch composition. The RDA model indicated that the catch composition was significantly influenced by habitat type, behavior, trophic level, year, site, water transparency, month, and sea surface temperature; bioecological variables provided the greatest contribution to explain the variability in catch composition. The ANOSIM revealed that marine catfishes, moray eels, and Nurse Shark Ginglymostoma cirratum were the most similar in their relation to several spatiotemporal and environmental variables. The patterns reported herein might be useful to improve coastal fisheries management because they present the species that are influenced by similar drivers and the main factors underlying their respective catch rates. Therefore, this approach could be a potentially useful tool for lessening the number of biological dimensions, which frequently limit the capacity to implement effective management strategies in multispecies fisheries.
Sorption Capacity Measurement of Chlorella Vulgaris and Scenedesmus Acutus to Remove Chromium from Tannery Waste Water
Authors: Ardila Liliana , Godoy Rubén , Montenegro Luis
Published: September 2017

Tanning process is a polluting activity due to the release of toxic agents into the environment. One of the most important of those toxic chemicals is chromium. Different alternatives have been proposed for the removal of this metal from tanning waste water which include the optimization of the productive processes, physicochemical and biochemical waste water treatment. In this study, the biological adsorption process of trivalent chromium was carried out in synthetic water and tannery waste water through two types of native green microalgae, called Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus in Free State and immobilized in PVA state. This, considering that cellular wall of microalgae has functional groups like amines and carboxyl that might bind with trivalent chromium. Statistical significance of variables as pH temperature, chromium and algae concentrations was evaluated just like bio sorption capacity of different types of water and kind of bioadsorbent was calculated to determine if this process is a competitive solution comparing to other heavy metal removal processes.
Attention, Knowledge, and Organizational Learning
Authors: Ocasio William , Rhee Luke , Milner Daniel
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, we develop a theoretical framework of an attention-based view of organizational learning. Specifically, we explain how the three pillars of Ocasio’s (1997, 2011) attention-based view—focus of attention (and its subnotions of executive attention and attentional vigilance), situated attention, and structural distribution of attention—are relevant for three main outcomes of organizational learning: knowledge creation, retention, and transfer. We also discuss how attention interacts with other well-known learning mechanisms, such as performance feedback, capabilities, trust, and experience, and when and how attention either amplifies or negates their effectiveness for learning. We conclude with an evaluation of the attention-based view of organizational learning and suggestions for future research.
Trust and Tax Morale
Authors: Chan Ho Fai , Supriyadi Mohammad Wangsit , Torgler Benno
Published: September 2017

This empirical chapter examines the relation between trust and tax morale at both country and individual levels using a combined World Values Survey and European Values Study dataset covering 400,000 observations across 108 countries. The results overall indicate that although vertical trust matters, horizontal trust in the form of generalized trust is not linked to tax morale. We do, however, identify intercountry differences that warrant further exploration. We also demonstrate that generalized trust uncertainty, in contrast to vertical trust uncertainty, is negatively correlated with tax morale. Lastly, we provide some evidence that generalized trust varies under different vertical and governance conditions, but we are unable to identify any indirect path from generalized trust to tax morale using governance quality as a mediator.
Athlete Representation
Authors: Edmonds Ed
Published: September 2017

The sports agent performs a critical function as an intermediary between management and athletes by handling contract negotiations, endorsements, financial planning, and other associated activities. This chapter provides a history of athlete representation beginning in the 1920s with the efforts of Christy Walsh and Charles C. Pyle through the increased role of players associations during the final third of last century. In the 1980s, professional associations and state legislatures launched efforts to regulate agent behavior as a reaction to evidence of abuse. In the 2000s, these problems prompted the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws to introduce the Uniform Athlete Agents Act, a legislative initiative ultimately adopted by over 80% of states, and the U.S. Congress passed the Sports Agent Responsibility Trust Act. Both initiatives addressed the tension between the NCAA’s amateurism standards and efforts by agents to attract clients before the completion of their eligibility.
The Rooney Rule’s Reach
Authors: Duru N. Jeremi
Published: September 2017

In December 2002, the National Football League’s thirty-two clubs agreed to institute a policy requiring that all clubs interview at least one person of color for any vacant head coaching position. Known as the Rooney Rule, this practice transformed the complexion of NFL sidelines and spurred similar reforms in other realms of corporate America as well as in the public sector. This chapter explores the movement, led by one activist citizen, to adopt Rooney Rule-like reform in Oregon and its largest city, Portland. In doing so, the chapter illustrates the power of sport to impact and shape society well away from the fields, courts and arenas where it is played.
Collective Bargaining and Workforce Protections in Sports
Authors: Ohanesian Nicholas M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter addresses collective bargaining and workforce protections available in professional sports. Broadly speaking, collective bargaining in the United States is a workplace arrangement where employees opt to negotiate as a group with their employer through a labor union. The two parties typically negotiate an agreement, commonly called a collective bargaining agreement, that codifies for the length of the contract the rights and responsibilities of each side. Conversely, the term “workforce protections” injects the government into the employer-employee relationship. Federal and state authorities pass laws that regulate the relationship between employers and employees in the workplace. As this chapter explains, these dynamics play out in both traditional and unique ways in U.S. professional sports.
Medical Complications of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Mehler Philip S.
Published: September 2017

Medical complications are commonly found in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In the case of anorexia nervosa, the complications are a direct result of weight loss and malnutrition and can affect every body system. As weight loss becomes more severe and the disorder becomes increasingly chronic, there is an increased likelihood for the development of medical complications. Bulimia nervosa also has many medical complications. In general, they relate to the mode and frequency of purging behaviors, which are inherent to the illness. Many of them are serious and thus contribute to the excess morbidity and mortality that exists in patients with bulimia nervosa. This chapter will discuss the medical complications that occur as a consequence of anorexia nervosa including the purging subtype, and bulimia nervosa.
Access and Use of Contraception and Its Effects on Women’s Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Bailey Martha J. , Lindo Jason M.
Published: September 2017

Changes in childbearing affect almost every aspect of human existence. Over the last fifty years, American women have experienced dramatic changes in the ease and convenience of timing and limiting childbearing, ranging from the introduction of the birth control pill and the legalization of abortion to more recent availability of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). This chapter chronicles these changes, provides descriptive evidence regarding trends in the use of contraception and abortion, and reviews the literature linking them to changes in childbearing and women’s economic outcomes. It concludes by discussing the recent surge in LARC use, which seems to be one of the most pressing areas in need of further research.
Racial Differences in American Women’s Labor Market Outcomes
Authors: Collins William J. , Moody Michael Q.
Published: September 2017

This article documents and explores black–white differences in US women’s labor force participation, occupations, and wages from 1940 to 2014. It draws on closely related research on selection into the labor force, discrimination, and prelabor market characteristics, such as test scores, that are strongly associated with subsequent labor market outcomes. Both black and white women significantly increased their labor force participation in this period, with white women catching up to black women by 1990. Black–white differences in occupational and wage distributions were large circa 1940; they have narrowed significantly since then as black women’s relative outcomes improved. Following a period of rapid convergence, the racial wage gap for women widened after 1980 in census data. Differences in human capital, which are rooted in the history of racial discrimination, are an empirically important underpinning of the black–white wage gap throughout the period studied.
Gender
Authors: Giuliano Paola
Published: September 2017

Social attitudes toward women vary significantly across societies. This chapter reviews recent empirical research on various historical determinants of contemporary differences in gender roles and gender gaps across societies, and how these differences are transmitted from parents to children and therefore persist until today. We review work on the historical origin of differences in female labor force participation, fertility, education, marriage arrangements, competitive attitudes, domestic violence, and other forms of difference in gender norms. Most of the research illustrates that differences in cultural norms regarding gender roles emerge in response to specific historical situations but tend to persist even after the historical conditions have changed. We also discuss the conditions under which gender norms either tend to be stable or change more quickly.
Refugees and the End of Empire
Authors: Panayi Panikos
Published: September 2017

The major Empires that collapsed during the twentieth century produced successor states which developed new forms of exclusivist nationalist ideologies which identified, and often expelled, sectors of their populations that did not possess the right ethnic ‘credentials’. This process first manifested itself with the end of the Ottoman Empire, where successor states in the Balkans ‘exchanged’ populations while the newly nationalist rump Turkey eliminated or expelled its Armenian and Greek populations. These processes continued after 1945 because the collapse of the British and French colonial Empires were accompanied by population ‘exchanges’ and expulsions, especially in the case of India/Pakistan. Finally, the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Empire triggered a new mass refugee crisis. This chapter examines the relationship between imperial collapse, the emergence of successor nationalism, and the exclusion of ethnic groups with the wrong credentials.