bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separated Dirac operators and asymptotically constant linear systems
Authors: ARNOLD V. , KALF H. , SCHNEIDER A.
Published: July 2002

Levinson's theorem with all its ramifications is a well-established
tool in
the spectral analysis of ordinary differential operators (see in particular
§§3·10, 11 and 4·3,
4
of Eastham's book [5]). In this note we should
like to draw
attention to a result that describes the solutions of asymptotically constant
linear
systems under weaker assumptions less precisely than the Levinson theorem.
This result
can be called the Perron–Lettenmeyer–Hartman–Wintner
theorem after
the contributions of these authors in [11, 10, 6,
8]. (Note that the Hartman–Wintner theorem that is
discussed in
[5, p. 17] is a substantially different version of this
theorem.)
On the limiting absorption and amplitude principles for transmission
problems with unbounded interfaces
Authors: ZHANG BO
Published: July 2002

We consider the transmission problem for second-order differential
equations with unbounded interfaces. The spaces B and B*
are used to prove the limiting absorption
principle for the steady-state problem and to establish the resolvent
estimate at low
frequencies for the steady-state operator. These are then applied in showing
the
validity of the limiting amplitude principle for such an operator.
Morita equivalences between fixed point algebras
and crossed products
Authors: NG CHI-KEUNG
Published: July 2002

In this paper, we will prove that if
A is a C*-algebra with an effective coaction ε

by a compact quantum group, then the fixed point algebra and the reduced
crossed
product are Morita equivalent. As an application, we prove an imprimitivity
type
theorem for crossed products of coactions by discrete Kac C*-algebras.
Assessing the Compliance of Telematics Automotive Products with the European Principles of Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Board Mrs A. C. , Stevens A.
Published: July 2002

In December 1999, the European Commission adopted the European ‘Statement of Principles’ (SoP) in acknowledgement of the importance of the human-machine interaction (HMI) for in-vehicle telematics. In recommending adherence to the Statement of Principles, the EC urges the European motor manufacturing and supply industries to comply with a number of basic safety requirements concerning the design of, and driver interaction with, in-vehicle information, communication and entertainment systems. When the SoP was published, Member States were invited to undertake work to assess industry knowledge about, and compliance with, the Statement of Principles. TRL are currently undertaking this work for the UK Government in support of their work to assess the impact of the SoP and develop future policies concerning HMI. This paper discusses the results of a widespread UK consultation with individuals identified as working in the field of in-vehicle information, communication and entertainment systems (IVIS). It also outlines work undertaken to establish a method for assessing the extent to which a specific IVIS complies with the SoP. It describes the development and design of a HMI safety checklist that can provide an initial assessment of whether a specific IVIS is in accordance with the Principles.
European Offshore Oil Exploration and Production Navigation and Positioning

Requirements
Authors: Edge Paul
Published: July 2002

This paper gives an overview of navigation and positioning requirements
of the European
offshore oil industry in the context of consideration
now being given to the role of GPS in the
European Radio Navigation Plan. An outline is given of how these requirements
are currently
achieved and of the criticality of the operations.
The impact of EU agricultural policy on the conservation of the English Pennines
Authors: ROUTLEDGE LEWIS M.
Published: July 2002

The Pennines are a chain of low mountains, which are often called the 'backbone of England', stretching 300 km from Ashbourne in Derbyshire almost to the Scottish border. Much of the land is over 250 m in altitude, with the highest peak, Cross Fell (893 m), being the highest peak in England outside of the Lake District National Park.
Self-formation in Microelectronics
Authors: JANUšONIS STEPAS
Published: July 2002

The external formation of integrated circuits based
on lithographic processes is not the only possible method
for manufacturing electron devices, either integrated circuits
or photovoltaic cells. Planar technology, based on external
formation, requires a certain sequence of interactions
between the structured medium and the object being formed,
in which the configuration of the region to be formed and
its position are defined by the structure of the media and their
alignment with the object. By contrast, in self-formation
the interaction between an object to be formed and its
chaotic medium is controlled by the object structure itself,
and it is this interaction that changes the object's
structure, leading to its increasing complexity. Three kinds of
self-formation can be used in manufacturing: self-formation,
based on a certain sequential interaction between an object
and chaotic media; development, which requires
only a single chaotic medium; and reproduction,
which involves a developing object generating primary objects.
All these cases represent self-formation of artificial
systems. Simpler patterns of self-formation have already
led to various patents and technologies, while more complex
ones may be applied in the future. The following article
attempts to define the necessary and sufficient conditions
for self-formation.
Design issues in implementing a cooperative search among
heterogeneous agents to aid information management
Authors: CHANDER P.G. , RADHAKRISHNAN T. , SHINGHAL R.
Published: July 2002

Searching for information is an ubiquitous need
in today's data-oriented environments. However, a
request for search often entails the service and cooperation
of tools managing a diversified set of tasks. In this article,
we explore how tools in the form of cooperating agents
can be deployed for information management. We describe
an agent framework called GAME (goal-oriented,
agent-managed environment),
and focus on how GAME agents search cooperatively
for information requested by a user. Cooperative search
entails several issues such as coordinating agent activities,
maintaining transparency to agent heterogeneity, and designing
information formats to be shared among the agents that
require examination. This article analyzes these issues
and describes how they are handled in the GAME
framework. Cooperative search effectively supports collaboration
and information sharing not only among agents in a domain,
but also among GAME agents developed across domains.
We illustrate the application of cooperative search in
task-oriented domains such as Manufacturing and Front Office
showing how GAME promotes intradomain and interdomain
collaboration in a Factory environment.
The computer-aided engineer: Prospects and risks
Authors: GARRETT JAMES H.
Published: July 2002

Within the last 20 years, much research and development
has been conducted to deliver computer tools to assist
engineers in performing their tasks. We are now experiencing
the power of worldwide networked computing environments
and the ability to easily share large quantities of information
over geographically dispersed environments. However, are
the computing environments available today supporting engineers
in doing their job or defining how they must do their job?
We need to develop systems that are more transparent and
understandable to the users and that are more responsive
to the individual needs and idiosyncrasies of the persons
using these assistants.
Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica
serotype Typhimurium phage-type DT104 among salmonellae
causing enteritis in Israel
Authors: METZER E. , AGMON V. , ANDOREN N. , COHEN D.
Published: July 2002

The relative frequency of salmonella strains isolated from hospitalized
and non-hospitalized
patients in Southern Israel changed during the period, 1994–6. Salmonella
enterica serotype
Typhimurium definitive phage-type 104 (DT104) appeared in Israel in 1994
and became the
most prevalent strain in 1996. An outbreak of enteritis due to Salmonella
enterica serotype
Agona occurred in Israel, in October 1994 and lasted for 4 months. The
relative frequency of
Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis remained almost constant
during these years, with
seasonal fluctuations only.

The importance of the increase in the prevalence of Typhimurium DT104
has been the
epidemic spread of a multiresistant strain of R-type ACT (A, ampicillin;
C, chloramphenicol;
T, tetracycline) belonging to this phage-type. Since 1995 the frequency
of Typhimurium DT104
isolates that possess, in addition to the above R-type, a chromosomally
encoded resistance to
the quinolone drug, nalidixic acid, increased tenfold. In 1996, 27% of
the Typhimurium DT104
isolates were of R-type ACTN. S. Enteritidis exhibited over 95%
susceptibility to at least eight
of the most commonly used antibiotic drugs, and none of the isolates was
resistant to
quinolone or fluoroquinoline.
Epidemiologic features of 65 Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
patients with a history of cadaveric dura mater
transplantation in Japan
Authors: NAKAMURA Y. , YANAGAWA H. , KITAMOTO T. , SATO T.
Published: July 2002

A total of 65 cases of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease with a history of cadaveric dura
transplantation in Japan were analysed to clarify the epidemiologic features of such patients
and to explore whether other such patients will appear in the future. The age at
transplantation averaged 44·4 years with a standard deviation of 14·4 years. The age at onset
had an average of 53·0 years with a standard deviation of 14·1 years. The shortest latent period
was 14 months, and the longest was 218 months with an average of 103·1 months and a
standard deviation of 49·9 months. From the relationship between the calendar year at
transplantation and the latent period, other such patients will appear in the near future. The
current data suggested that several patients with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease will occur from
those receiving cadaveric dura mater grafts in the near future.
Fractal-like singularities for an inviscid
one-dimensional model of fluid jets
Authors: FONTELOS M. A. , VELÁZQUEZ J. J. L.
Published: July 2002

In this paper we describe solutions of a one-dimensional model of inviscid fluid jets that
develop finite time singularities in a fractal-like manner. We also discuss the extreme sensitivity
of the solutions of this problem with respect to small perturbations of the initial data.
Complementary medicine: does it have a role in the medical care of
elderly people?
Authors: Ernst E
Published: July 2002

Complementary medicine (CM) can be defined as 'diagnosis, treatment
and/or prevention which complements mainstream medicine by contributing
to a common whole, by satisfying a demand not met by orthodoxy or by
diversifying the conceptual frameworks of medicine'. It has
become a hotly debated subject, mostly because many physicians remain
sceptical about its usefulness while consumers vote for it
with their feet and their purses.
Diseases of the prostate
Authors: Cannon A , Abrams P
Published: July 2002

Benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) is an increase in the volume of the prostate gland which can be detected by digital rectal examination (DRE) or more accurately by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). BPE may be due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) which is a histological diagnosis characterized by a combination of atrophy and proliferation in both glandular and stromal tissue. The onset of BPH is dependent on the presence of testes and increasing age. The first pathological signs appear under the age

of 40 years followed by a rapid increase in prevalence with age: 80% of 80-year-olds have evidence of BPH. Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is defined by pressure-flow studies (PQS) and may be due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).
Directions for future management of North Island Weka Gallirallus australis greyi to improve survival and productivity in situ
Authors: Bramley Gary N. , Veltman Clare J.
Published: July 2002

We investigated how North Island Weka Gallirallus australis greyi could be conserved in situ at East Cape, New Zealand using banded and radiotransmitter-carrying Weka to measure home range size and use, reproduction and mortality. We fitted radiotransmitters to 28 Weka with 75% of the subsequent fixes from 18 birds being obtained at intervals of < 4 days. Home ranges of 10 males had an estimated median size of 10.6 ha, while 5 female home ranges had an estimated median size of 3.5 ha. Home ranges of individuals of both sexes overlapped. Within their home ranges, Weka preferred bush relative to pasture and may have preferred pines to pasture. Weka did not significantly prefer bush to pines. Breeding occurred year-round, with a summer peak, but 11 breeding pairs raised only four chicks to independence in two years. The causes of egg and chick mortality could not be established, but predators killed six adults, motor vehicles killed six and one adult died in a trap. Measurements of body size revealed that a male-biased sex ratio was likely (67:33). We concluded that the recovery of the North Island Weka population in the East Cape region will require improving reproductive success and decreasing predation on adults. We recommend that managers focus on predator removal and habitat creation in future.
Theory and applications of explicit substitutions: Introduction
Authors: Kesner Delia
Published: July 2002

This special issue of Mathematical Structures in Computer Science is dedicated to the theory
and applications of explicit substitutions, which have attracted a growing community of
researchers in the last decade, especially in the study of explicit substitutions as a means
of bridging the gap between theory and practice in the implementation of programming
languages, as well as theorem provers and proof checkers.

Such implementations typically rely on formal calculi defined using implicit substitution
operations that are left at the meta-level, so that they need to turn these meta-level
operations into efficient executable code, and this is often fairly intricate and distant from
the formal calculi. This causes a significant gap between theory and practice.

Explicit substitutions considerably reduce this gap by bringing the meta-level operations
down to the object-level calculus – where they are represented explicitly – allowing
us in this way to give formal and robust models for the techniques actually used in
implementations, and providing at the same time a more flexible tool for controlling the
intermediate steps of evaluation.

All the papers in this issue were invited on the basis of their quality and relevance
to the domain, and subjected to the refereeing process of MSCS. Most of them are
substantially expanded and revised versions of work originally presented at Westapp'98
and Westapp'99, the first and second ‘Workshop on Explicit Substitutions: Theory and
Applications to Programs and Proofs’, which were held in conjunction with RTA'98 in
Tsukuba, Japan, and with Floc'99 in Trento, Italy, respectively.

As guest editor, I would like to express my warm thanks both to the authors, for their
high-quality contributions to this special issue, and to the referees, whose scientific role
was essential in improving the presentation of these contributions.
Foreword
Authors: HUTH MICHAEL , JUNG ACHIM , KEIMEL KLAUS
Published: July 2002

This special issue of Mathematical Structures in
Computer Science is devoted to the Proceedings of the International
Workshop Logic, Domains, and Programming Languages that
took place from May 24 to 27, 1995, in Darmstadt, Germany.
Introduction
Authors: Geary Dick
Published: July 2002

From its inception the Editorial Board of Contemporary European History has met annually to discuss matters of journal business and policy. Members have travelled from the United States and Australia, as well as several European countries, to be present at these meetings and have never just made up a list of distinguished but inactive names. At the annual meeting of 1997 it was suggested that, for a change, we should use the opportunity of the 1999 meeting to allow board members to reflect on their own fields of historical research at the turn of the century. As a result the April 1999 board meeting, which took place in New York thanks to the good offices of the Remarque Institute of New York University and its Director, Professor Tony Judt, transformed itself into a small conference, ‘Reflections on the Twentieth Century’. It is some of the (revised) ‘think-pieces’ of that conference that form this issue of the journal. Not all papers given at the conference appear here. Those that do have been seen by external referees.
Some Choice: Law, Medicine, and the Market (1998) by George
J. Annas. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1998. 320 pp. $29.95
Authors: Cantor Norman L.
Published: July 2002

George Annas serves a critical function as an incisive
commentator on the interactions between law and medicine
and law and public health. Along with Alex Capron, Dena
Davis, Rebecca Dresser, and Larry Gostin—to pinpoint
a few—Professor Annas analyses legal aspects of a
spectrum of medicolegal issues both in a forum and in a
manner that makes them accessible and understandable to
a broad community of healthcare providers. His latest book,
Some Choice, continues that valuable tradition.
The bulk of the volume (17 out of 22 chapters) is drawn
from essays originally published as the “Legal Issues
in Medicine” feature of the New England Journal
of Medicine. The topics include such staples of patients'
rights debate as the boundaries of informed consent, authorization
of medical experiments, and physician-assisted suicide.
A treat is the inclusion of less frequently covered issues,
such as access to health information concerning presidential
candidates and constitutional bounds of limits on cigarette
advertising.
Commentary
Authors: Kimsma Gerrit
Published: July 2002

This case is both an excellent as well as a sad illustration
of the complexities, intensities, and foibles of the issue of
“helping” sick people to die. Although the reaction
expressed here is that of a student, it is also, sadly, the
reaction of many an experienced physician in being emotional,
irrational, and hasty. The description is a perfect example
of the student's dilemma: “I would like to help but
I can't because to do so would threaten my
position”—altruism versus egocentric motivation.
Social Class and Medical Decisionmaking: A Neglected Topic
in Bioethics
Authors: LEVIN BETTY WOLDER , SCHILLER NINA GLICK
Published: July 2002

As part of an effort to look at “what differences
make a difference” for bioethicists interested in
clinical decisionmaking, Erik Parens, the editor of this
special section, asked us to look at social class. When
we began our research for this paper, we were surprised
to find that although bioethicists have written much on
social class and such macrolevel issues as access to healthcare
and the distribution of scarce resources, and have paid
some attention to the effects of class on patient-provider
relationships, bioethicists have written little specifically
that looks at the implications of social class for medical
decisions in individual cases.
Morphological periods, planning and reality: the case of England's inter-war suburbs
Authors: Whitehand J. W. R. , Carr Christine M. H.
Published: July 2002

The physical forms of England's inter-war suburbs are examined, concentrating on those created by private enterprise. Attention is given to the contrasts between inter-war suburbs and those created before the First World War, and the timing of the adoption of architectural styles and other aspects of built form characteristic of the inter-war period is considered. In places, houses in Edwardian styles continued to be built well into the inter-war period. The dominant characteristic of the period was the creation of garden suburbs. The Tudor Walters Report was more an endorsement of such suburbs than a stimulus to them and many of its recommendations were not adhered to.
INTIMACY AND THEATRICALITY: MIKE LEIGH’S TOPSY-TURVY
Authors: Williams Carolyn
Published: July 2002

THIS THOUGHTFUL, RAVISHING period film treats us to a work of serious historical scholarship and theoretical speculation on narrative and history, disguised as the old-fashioned plot about the difficulties leading up to a famous theatrical production. Taking as its focus the well-chosen moment in the creative conflict between Gilbert and Sullivan that was eventually resolved in their successful 1885 production of The Mikado, Topsy-Turvy seems throughout its stately first half to be leading us chronologically toward that resolution as if toward its own fulfillment. But meanwhile, in the film’s antic second half, a serious play sets in for the duration, and that traditional momentum is disrupted. By the time of the film’s complex closure — which is both bittersweet and deliberately, astutely, provocatively unsettling — resolution has broken down into multiple divisions once again: between the characteristically divergent responses of Gilbert and Sullivan to their mutual success; between men and women on and off the stage; between theatrical illusion and life behind the scenes. In the fragments from the film’s production of The Mikado — one, in particular, at the very end of the film — we rest for a while in the humor and beauty of its otherworldly charm, but with the uneasy sense of how tenuous, how arduously produced this beauty must be. This play-within-a-film is, among its many other virtues, the best present-day representation of a Gilbert and Sullivan production that I have ever seen.
JERUSALEM AND JEWISH MEMORY: JUDITH MONTEFIORE’S PRIVATE JOURNAL
Authors: Page Judith W.
Published: July 2002

JUDITH MONTEFIORE’SPrivate Journal of a Visit to Egypt and Palestine by Way of Italy and the Mediterranean has been called “the first account in English by a Jewish woman traveller.”1 Recorded in 1827–28 and privately printed in 1836 but never published, the Journal is not widely available and has received only passing acknowledgment, mostly in assessments of the life and career of Moses Montefiore, Judith Montefiore’s husband and perhaps the most celebrated Jewish philanthropist of the nineteenth century.2 What begins as a casual record of travels, first through France and Italy — in the familiar style of the picturesque traveller — becomes the record of a spiritually transforming event in Jerusalem. After this journey the Montefiores became more ritually observant, more focused on tzedakah (acts of righteousness), and more widely connected to the Jewish world.
Neurologic Rehabilitation Without Neuropsychology?
Authors: Bartfai Aniko
Published: July 2002

The editors of this book present rehabilitation
after brain injury in the context of a model labeled the
“neurologic rehabilitation model”. The model
is based on a careful functional diagnosis in the context
of neurological syndromes, on prognosis, and on treatment
planning. The importance of functional diagnosis cannot
be emphasized enough. It constitutes a base of treatment
planning and prognosis and I was very happy to read a textbook
using functional diagnosis. Unfortunately, I got somewhat
confused. From my point of view as a neuropsychologist,
functional descriptions are mixed with terms of localizing
value. The authors have chosen an uncommon way to present
focal cognitive, emotional, or executive disturbances within
the context of different etiologies, e.g., Wernicke's
aphasia and neglect are presented as specific stroke syndromes.
They very often are, but certainly not always. Specific
neurological deficits are presented with regard to prognosis
and likelihood for impairment. Treatment studies are reviewed.
The neurologic rehabilitation model treats deficits in
an “egalitarian way,” mixing sensory, motor,
and cognitive problems.
Drosophila homologs of transcriptional mediator complex subunits are required for adult cell and segment identity specification
Authors: Boube Muriel , Faucher Christian , Joulia Laurent , Cribbs David L. , Bourbon Henri-Marc
Published: July 2002

The origins of specificity in gene expression are a central concern in understanding developmental control. Mediator protein complexes regulate transcriptional initiation, acting as modular adaptors linking specific transcription factors to core RNA polymerase II. Here, we identified the Drosophila homologs of 23 human mediator genes and mutations of two, dTRAP240 and of dTRAP80 (the putative fly homolog of yeast SRB4). Clonal analysis indicates a general role for dTRAP80 necessary for cell viability. ThedTRAP240 gene is also essential, but cells lacking its function are viable and proliferate normally. Clones reveal localized developmental activities including a sex comb cell identity function. This contrasts with the ubiquitous nuclear accumulation of dTRAP240 protein in imaginal discs. Synergistic genetic interactions support shared developmental cell and segment identity functions of dTRAP240 and dTRAP80, potentially within a common complex. Further, they identify the homeotic Sex combs reduced product, required for the same cell/tissue identities, as a functional partner of these mediator proteins.
Fra-1 replaces c-Fos-dependent functions in mice
Authors: Fleischmann Alexander , Hafezi Farhad , Elliott Candace , Remé Charlotte E. , Rüther Ulrich , Wagner Erwin F.
Published: July 2002

Structure–function analysis as well as studies with knock-out and transgenic mice have assigned distinct functions to c-Fos and Fra-1, two components of the transcription factor AP-1 (activatorprotein-1). To test whether Fra-1 could substitute for c-Fos, we generated knock-in mice that express Fra-1 in place of c-Fos. Fra-1 rescues c-Fos-dependent functions such as bone development and light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis. Importantly, rescue of bone cell differentiation, but not photoreceptor apoptosis, is gene-dosage dependent. Moreover, Fra-1 fails to substitute for c-Fos in inducing expression of target genes in fibroblasts. These results show that c-Fos and Fra-1 have maintained functional equivalence during vertebrate evolution.
PIE-1 is a bifunctional protein that regulates maternal and zygotic gene expression in the embryonic germ line of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tenenhaus Christina , Subramaniam Kuppuswamy , Dunn Melanie A. , Seydoux Geraldine
Published: July 2002

The CCCH zinc finger protein PIE-1 is an essential regulator of germ cell fate that segregates with the germ lineage during the first cleavages of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. We have shown previously that one function of PIE-1 is to inhibit mRNA transcription. Here we show that PIE-1 has a second function in germ cells; it is required for efficient expression of the maternally encoded Nanos homolog NOS-2. This second function is genetically separable from PIE-1's inhibitory effect on transcription. A mutation in PIE-1's second CCCH finger reduces NOS-2 expression without affecting transcriptional repression and causes primordial germ cells to stray away from the somatic gonad, occasionally exiting the embryo entirely. Our results indicate that PIE-1 promotes germ cell fate by two independent mechanisms as follows: (1) inhibition of transcription, which blocks zygotic programs that drive somatic development, and (2) activation of protein expression from nos-2 and possibly other maternal RNAs, which promotes primordial germ cell development.
Characterization of a Maize β-Amylase cDNA Clone and Its Expression during Seed Germination
Authors: Wang S. M. , Lue W. L. , Wu S. Y. , Huang H. W. , Chen J.
Published: July 2002

A maize (Zea mays L.) cDNA clone (pZMB2) encoding β-amylase was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from the aleurone RNA of germinating kernels. The cDNA encodes a predicted product of 488 amino acids with significant similarity to known β-amylases from barley (Hordeum vulgare), rye (Secale cereale), and rice (Oryza sativa). Glycine-rich repeats found in the carboxyl terminus of the endosperm-specific β-amylase of barley and rye are absent from the maize gene product. The N-terminal sequence of the first 20 amino acids of a β-amylase peptide derived from purified protein is identical to the 5th through 24th amino acids of the predicted cDNA product, indicating the absence of a conventional signal peptide in the maize protein. Recombinant inbred mapping data indicate that the cDNA clone is single-copy gene that maps to chromosome 7L at position 83 centimorgans. Northern blot analysis and in vitro translation-immunoprecipitation data indicate that the maize β-amylase is synthesized de novo in the aleurone cells but not in the scutellum during seed germination.
Characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiZygote-Specific cDNAs That Encode Novel Proteins Containing Ankyrin Repeats and WW Domains1
Authors: Kuriyama Hideo , Takano Hiroyoshi , Suzuki Lena , Uchida Hidenobu , Kawano Shigeyuki , Kuroiwa Haruko , Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi
Published: July 2002

Genes that are expressed only in the young zygote are considered to be of great importance in the development of an isogamous green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Clones representing the Zys3 gene were isolated from a cDNA library prepared using zygotes at 10 min after fertilization. Sequencing of Zys3 cDNA clones resulted in the isolation of two related molecular species. One of them encoded a protein that contained two kinds of protein-to-protein interaction motifs known as ankyrin repeats and WW domains. The other clone lacked the ankyrin repeats but was otherwise identical. These mRNA species began to accumulate simultaneously in cells beginning 10 min after fertilization, and reached maximum levels at about 4 h, after which time levels decreased markedly. Genomic DNA gel-blot analysis indicated that Zys3 was a single-copy gene. The Zys3 proteins exhibited parallel expression to the Zys3mRNAs at first, appearing 2 h after mating, and reached maximum levels at more than 6 h, but persisted to at least 1 d. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed their localization in the endoplasmic reticulum, which suggests a role in the morphological changes of the endoplasmic reticulum or in the synthesis and transport of proteins to the Golgi apparatus or related vesicles.
Passive Nitrate Transport by Root Plasma Membrane Vesicles Exhibits an Acidic Optimal pH Like the H+-ATPase
Authors: Pouliquin Pierre , Boyer Jean-Christophe , Grouzis Jean-Pierre , Gibrat Rémy
Published: July 2002

The net initial passive flux (J  Ni) in reconstituted plasma membrane (PM) vesicles from maize (Zea mays) root cells was measured as recently described (P. Pouliquin, J.-P. Grouzis, R. Gibrat [1999] Biophys J 76: 360–373).J  Ni in control liposomes responded to membrane potential or to NO3  − as expected from the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz diffusion theory.J  Ni in reconstituted PM vesicles exhibited an additional component (J  Nif), which was saturable (K  m for NO3  − approximately 3 mm, withJ  Nifmax corresponding to 60 × 10−9 mol m−2 s−1 at the native PM level) and selective (NO3  − = ClO3  − > Br− > Cl− = NO2  −; relative fluxes at 5 mm: 1:0.34:0.19). J  Nif was totally inhibited by La3+ and the arginine reagent phenylglyoxal. J  Nif was voltage dependent, with an optimum voltage at 105 mV at pH 6.5. The activation energy of J  Nif was high (129 kJ mol−1), close to that of the H+-ATPase (155 kJ mol−1), and JNif displayed the same acidic optimal pH (pH 6.5) as that of the H+ pump. This is the first example, to our knowledge, of a secondary transport at the plant PM with such a feature. Several properties of the NO3  − uniport seem poorly compatible with that reported for plant anion channels and to be attributable instead to a classical carrier. The physiological relevance of these findings is suggested.
Fluoroorotic Acid-Selected Nicotiana plumbaginifoliaCell Lines with a Stable Thymine Starvation Phenotype Have Lost the Thymine-Regulated Transcriptional Program
Authors: Santoso Djoko , Thornburg Robert
Published: July 2002

We have selected 143 independent Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cell lines that survive in the presence of 5-fluoroorotic acid. These lines show several diverse phenotypes. The majority of these cell lines showed reduced levels of UMP synthase. However, one particular phenotype, which represents 14% of the total independent lines (20 cell lines), showed an unexpected, high level of UMP synthase and was therefore analyzed in detail. The selected cell lines showed no differences with wild-type cells with respect to uptake of orotic acid, affinity of UMP synthase for its substrates, or UMP synthase gene-copy number. Alternative detoxification mechanisms were also excluded. The elevated enzyme activity was correlated with elevated UMP synthase protein levels as well as elevated UMP synthase mRNA levels. In contrast to wild-type cell lines, the fluoroorotic acid-selected cell lines did not respond to thymine or to other biochemicals that affect thymine levels. In addition, there was also a concomitant up-regulation of aspartate transcarbamoylase, however, dihydroorotase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase are not up-regulated in these cell lines.
The Rop GTPase Switch Controls Multiple Developmental Processes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Hai , Shen Jun-Jiang , Zheng Zhi-Liang , Lin Yakang , Yang Zhenbiao
Published: July 2002

G proteins are universal molecular switches in eukaryotic signal transduction. The Arabidopsis genome sequence reveals no RAS small GTPase and only one or a few heterotrimeric G proteins, two predominant classes of signaling G proteins found in animals. In contrast, Arabidopsis possesses a unique family of 11 Rop GTPases that belong to the Rho family of small GTPases. Previous studies indicate that Rop controls actin-dependent pollen tube growth and H2O2-dependent defense responses. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the Rop GTPase acts as a versatile molecular switch in signaling to multiple developmental processes in Arabidopsis. Immunolocalization using a general antibody against the Rop family proteins revealed a ubiquitous distribution of Rop proteins in all vegetative and reproductive tissues and cells in Arabidopsis. The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter-directed expression of constitutively active GTP-bound rop2 (CA-rop2) and dominant negative GDP-bound rop2 (DN-rop2) mutant genes impacted many aspects of plant growth and development, including embryo development, seed dormancy, seedling development, lateral root initiation, morphogenesis of lateral organs in the shoot, shoot apical dominance and growth, phyllotaxis, and lateral organ orientation. The rop2 transgenic plants also displayed altered responses to the exogenous application of several hormones, such as abscisic acid-mediated seed dormancy, auxin-dependent lateral shoot initiation, and brassinolide-mediated hypocotyl elongation. CA-rop2 and DN-rop2expression had opposite effects on most of the affected processes, supporting a direct signaling role for Rop in regulating these processes. Based on these observations and previous results, we propose that Rop2 and other members of the Rop family participate in multiple distinct signaling pathways that control plant growth, development, and responses to the environment.
Aircraft industry accepts shape memory alloy technology
Authors: Lewis Peter
Published: July 2002

Describes a range of cryogenic tube and pipe couplings which make use of shape memory alloy technology in order to form permanent metal‐to‐metal seals on aircraft. Compares and contrasts their costs and method of installation with alternative swaged systems.
Differences in teamwork between post‐secondary classrooms and the workplace
Authors: Berge Zane L.
Published: July 2002

This article compares the factors that affect groups of students working to complete assigned class projects and people working together in the workplace. Similar factors characterize successful teamwork whereever it occurs, just as similar factors characterize unsuccessful efforts. Highlighted here are differences between post‐secondary classrooms and workplace teams. The main purpose is for college and university instructors to recognize these differences and alter their expectations of teamwork by students accordingly.
Review article: An introduction to business ethics for human resource management teaching and research
Authors: Kingsley Trezise Edward
Published: July 2002

Provides a guide to the works of authors in the field of business ethics for those contemplating incorporating this into human resource management teaching. Considers the question, “What is the role and function of business in society?” Sets out a number of theoretical approaches and reviews a number of texts on the subject.
Rapid reswitching of induction machine from current source inverter on the supply net
Authors: Rusek Jan
Published: July 2002

The contribution deals with the dynamics of induction machine during reswitching process from the main feeder on the stand‐by one. The main feeder may be a current source inverter in which case the machine, before switching off, may be operated with lower frequency than the frequency of the stand‐by supply net. It causes that the electromotive force on the opened machine terminals is no longer a measure of the magnitude of the rotor currents. The analysis was carried out with recognition for the magnetic saturation of the main flux.
Selected projection methods to improve the convergence of non‐linear problems
Authors: Mertens Ronny , Pahner Uwe , Belmans Ronnie , Hameyer Kay
Published: July 2002

Short computation times required for the design and numerical optimisation of electromagnetic devices with the finite element method are obtained using an adaptive mesh refinement algorithm. Less time is spent on the initial mesh generation, while the time needed for refinement is negligible when special data structures are used. But an even more significant reduction in total computation time is achieved with the initialisation of the solution on the generated mesh. Fewer Newton steps are required to solve non‐linear problems compared to a zero initial solution, while the time needed for the projection of the solution is far less than the time needed for a Newton step.
The crystal structure of hypothetical protein MTH1491 from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum
Authors: Christendat Dinesh , Saridakis Vivian , Kim Youngchang , Kumar Ponni A. , Xu Xiaohui , Semesi Anthony , Joachimiak Andzrej , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Edwards Aled M.
Published: July 2002

As part of our structural proteomics initiative, we have determined the crystal structure of MTH1491, a previously uncharacterized hypothetical protein from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. MTH1491 is one of numerous structural genomics targets selected in a genome‐wide survey of uncharacterized proteins. It belongs to a family of proteins whose biological function is not known. The crystal structure of MTH1491, the first structure for this family of proteins, consists of an overall five‐stranded parallel β‐sheet with strand order 51234 and flanking helices. The oligomeric form of this molecule is a trimer as seen from both crystal contacts and gel filtration studies. Analysis revealed that the structure of MTH1491 is similar to that of dehydrogenases, amidohydrolases, and oxidoreductases. Using a combination of sequence and structural analyses, we showed that MTH1491 does not belong to either the dehydrogenase or the amidohydrolase superfamilies of proteins.
An Input-Output Criterion for Linear Model Deduction
Authors: Walker Douglas G. , Stein Jeffrey L. , Ulsoy A. Galip
Published: July 2002

Model order deduction algorithms have been developed in an effort to automate the production of accurate, minimal complexity models of dynamic systems in order to aid in the design of these systems. Previous algorithms, MODA and Extended MODA, deduce models independent of system inputs and outputs. FD-MODA uses frequency response methods to deduce models of a single input-output pair. In this paper, an input-output criterion based on controllability and observability is combined with the frequency based criterion used by MODA. The new model deduction algorithm, IO-MODA, compares the ratio of the adjacent diagonal values of the system gramian to a user specified threshold. The gramian is computed from a balanced realization of the system. IO-MODA generates an accurate multiple-input multiple-output model of minimum order with physically meaningful states. This model is called a proper MIMO model. An example problem is used to demonstrate this new model deduction algorithm. [S0022-0434(00)02103-1]
Royal Navy Experience of Propulsion Gas Turbines and How and Why This Experience is Being Incorporated Into Future Designs
Authors: Rand James , Wright Nigel
Published: July 2002

The Royal Navy (RN) has in-service experience of both marinized industrial and aero derivative propulsion gas turbines since the late 1940s. Operating through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the British, Dutch, French, and Belgian Navies the current in-service propulsion engines are marinized versions of the Rolls Royce Tyne, Olympus, and Spey aero engines. Future gas turbine engines, for the Royal Navy, are expected to be the WR21 (24.5 MW), a 5 to 8 MW engine and a 1 to 2 MW engine in support of the All Electric Ship Project. This paper will detail why the Royal Navy chose gas turbines as prime movers for warships and how Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) guidance has been evaluated and developed in order to extend engine life. It will examine how the fleet of engines has historically been provisioned for and how a modular engine concept has allowed less support provisioning. The paper will detail the planned utilization of advanced cycle gas turbines with their inherent higher thermal efficiency and environmental compliance and the case for all electric propulsion utilizing high speed gas turbine alternators. It will examine the need for greater reliability/availability allowing single generator operation at sea and how by using a family of 3 engines a nearly flat Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) down to harbour loads can be achieved. [S0742-4795(00)01203-5]
A Probabilistic Approach to Engine Balance
Authors: Taraza Dinu
Published: July 2002

The paper presents an original probabilistic model of the balance of internal combustion engines. The model considers the manufacturing tolerances and predicts the most probable value of the first-order residual unbalance for engines that—theoretically—have the first order forces and moments balanced. It has been found that, assuming normal distributions of the geometric and mass parameters of the reciprocating mechanisms of a multicylinder engine, the unbalancing forces and moments are statistically distributed according to a Rayleigh law. The mode of the Rayleigh distribution, which represents the most probable value of the residual unbalance, is expressed in terms of the statistical characteristics of the parameters subjected to manufacturing tolerances. In this way, the tolerances and, especially the ones admitted for the reciprocating masses, are directly correlated to the expected value of the residual unbalance making it possible to establish reasonable limits for these tolerances. Validation of the probabilistic balance model is demonstrated by computer simulation. [S0742-4795(00)01704-X]
Eigenvalue Estimation Using Linearly Dependent Eigenfunctions
Authors: Lee Keh-Yang , Renshaw Anthony A.
Published: July 2002

A technique is developed for estimating the eigenvalues of one problem using an expansion of linearly dependent eigenfunctions of another problem. Such an expansion cannot be used with Galerkin’s method because the linear dependence of the eigenfunctions renders Galerkin’s method singular. Test results indicate that the method converges and is as accurate as Galerkin’s method with linearly independent trial functions. [S0739-3717(00)01804-3]
Inlet Losses in Counterflow Wet-Cooling Towers
Authors: de Villiers E. , Kro¨ger D. G.
Published: July 2002

The inlet loss coefficients for dry, isotropically packed, circular and rectangular counterflow cooling towers are determined experimentally and empirical correlations are formulated to fit this data. Computational fluid dynamics is used to investigate the dependence of the inlet loss coefficient on the rain zone characteristics. The rain zone generally dampens the inlet loss, but the coupling is indirect and involves a large number of dependent variables. The numerical model is validated by means of experimental data for dry towers and it is found that the degree of accuracy achieved for circular towers exceeds that for rectangular towers. Consequently, the correlation derived to predict this occurrence for circular towers can be applied more confidently than its rectangular counterpart.
FEM Simulation of Laser Forming of Metal Plates*
Authors: Yu G. , Masubuchi K. , Maekawa T. , Patrikalakis N. M.
Published: July 2002

A finite element model is developed for thermo-mechanical analysis of the process of metal plate forming by laser line heating. A rezoning technique is adopted to greatly reduce the simulation time. The effects of the refinement of mesh size on temperature distribution and final distortion are studied. Comparison between numerical and experimental results shows a good agreement in final distortion of the formed plate. Finally, edge effects in the laser forming process are studied.
Finite Element Simulation of Ausforming of Austempered Ductile Iron Components
Authors: Lei X. , Lissenden C. J.
Published: July 2002

The mechanical properties of ductile iron can be improved by ausforming, that is, applying work during austempering. The resulting yield strength and ductility are comparable to those of SAE 4140 steel, while the density is approximately 10 percent less. The viability of manufacturing components by casting a preform, austenitizing it, quenching it to the austempering temperature, forging it, austempering it, and finally, quenching it to the net shape is investigated by simulating the forging operation with finite element analysis. The preform geometry and die set geometry are determined such that the forging operation imparts a reasonably uniform equivalent plastic strain of 20 percent to the workpiece and the prescribed final component geometry is obtained. Forging of two components of varying geometric complexity is simulated using a commercial software package. The results indicate that the geometry of the final part is reasonably close to the goal and that the equivalent plastic strain distribution is reasonably uniform—over 80 percent of the material was plastically deformed 15–25 percent. The design of the preform and die sets appears to be an excellent application for an optimization algorithm.
El Paso Solar Pond
Authors: Lu and Huanmin , Swift Andrew H. P.
Published: July 2002

The El Paso Solar Pond, a research, development, and demonstration project operated by the University of Texas at El Paso, is a salinity-gradient solar pond with a surface area of 3,000 m2 and a depth of 3.2 m. The pond utilizes an aqueous solution of predominantly sodium chloride (NaCl). The surface convective zone, main gradient zone, and bottom convective zone are approximately 0.6 m, 1.4 m, and 1.2 m, respectively. The project, located on the property of Bruce Foods, Inc., was initiated in 1983 in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Since then, the El Paso Solar Pond has successfully developed a series of technologies for solar pond operation and maintenance, as well as demonstrated several different applications. In 1985, the El Paso Solar Pond became the first in the world to deliver industrial process heat to a commercial manufacturer; in 1986 became the first solar pond electric power generating facility in the United States; and in 1987 became the nation’s first experimental solar pond powered water desalting facility. Currently, the major research at El Paso Solar Pond is focused on desalination and brine management technologies. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a systems approach for desalination/brine management via a multiple process desalination coupled with solar ponds. This systems approach will reuse the brine concentrate rejected from desalting plants thereby negating the need for disposal (zero discharge), and provide additional pollution-free renewable energy for the desalting process.