bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the processes of dust formation and spread during the operation of a mining combine harvester in a dead-end production
Authors: Cheberyachko Y , Mukha O , Shustov O , Bednyuk O
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The development of a mathematical model of the process of dust formation during rock removal by the executive body of the mining combine, which allows determining the distribution of dust fractions along the cross-section and length of the mine, depending on the speed of movement of the ventilation stream, as well as the distance in the network of mines, on which different fractions are deposited dust Research methodology. Analytical methods were used in the work - to study the processes of formation and distribution of dust during the operation of the harvester; methods of mathematical modeling - for the development of models for the distribution of carbon dust in the near-bubble space. Research results. The mechanism of dust formation during the operation of selective action harvesters was established, which allows to evaluate the influence of dynamic characteristics of air flows in the near-excavation space on the level of dustiness of the mine atmosphere and to establish the relationship between air dustiness and the mode of operation of the combine. A mathematical model of dust formation during the operation of the harvester was developed, which allows determining the critical parameters of the air flow that affect the characteristics of the distribution of fine dust. The originality. A mathematical model of a formalized description of the process of formation and distribution of dust during the destruction of a mass of rocks by the executive body of the combine was developed and theoretically substantiated, which differs from the known ones in that it takes into account the phenomenon of the formation of directed air currents in the flow of mining mass due to the dynamic interaction of falling particles with air. Practical value. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the obtained mathematical model of the process of formation and distribution of dust during the destruction of a massif of rocks by a harvester allows determining the optimal places for installing dust-catching equipment for its effective use, as well as the optimal control points for dust concentration.
Improving methods for planning resource support for projects of comprehensive restoration of residential buildings
Authors: Dadiverina L , Laukhin D , Beketov O , Vyhodin M
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Improvement of methods of resource planning of construction projects of complex reconstruction and restoration of residential urban development. To propose a model of effective planning of material and technical resources of construction projects, which will ensure the necessary accuracy and efficiency of calculations in the planning of complex projects, guarantee the execution of construction works according to the approved calendar schedules and will allow to increase the efficiency of planning, coordination of the interaction of all participants of restoration projects and reconstruction of urban residential buildings. The methods. To achieve the goal, a mathematical model of effective management of material and technical resources of complex projects of reconstruction and restoration of urban buildings is considered. Findings. Solving current engineering problems of rationalizing the planning of construction projects using a mathematical model for the effective management of material and technical resources of complex projects for the reconstruction and restoration of urban residential buildings. The originality. A mathematical model of effective management of material and technical resources of complex projects of reconstruction and restoration of urban development was obtained. Practical implementation. A model for effective management of material and technical resources based on existing software systems is proposed. The model allows us to improve the process of planning the implementation of construction projects for the restoration of urban development. The model takes into account modern strategies and standards of the global construction services market in complex reconstruction projects. It allows the use of economical construction, the basis of which is the rational management of resources at all stages of the implementation of projects for the comprehensive restoration of urban development. The use of the methodology makes it possible to reduce the risks of construction projects through the introduction of modern requirements for the rational use of material and technical resources. This will reduce time and cost while improving quality, which are mandatory in a competitive environment in the construction services market.
The influence of reactive power compensation methods on the burning characteristics of shunted electric arc in an ore reduction furnace
Authors: Nezhurin V , Nikolenko A , Tsyplenkov D , Bobrov O , Fedorov S , Savvin O
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the work was to study the effect of compensation on the stability of the combustion of an electric arc in the furnace bath. Methodology. The results of the research of operating furnaces by traditional methods, such as measurement and oscillography of the form of voltage and current on the electrodes during the smelting of ferroalloys, were used. Results. Schemes of transverse capacitive compensation on the high or medium voltage side and longitudinal capacitive compensation in the medium voltage circuit of the furnace transformer are used for Electric ore reduction furnaces. Electric ore reduction furnaces are large consumers of reactive power, and their power has already reached such an amount that the value of the inductive voltage drop becomes unacceptably large; and their natural power factor does not exceed the value of 0.6–0.7. Compensation of the reactive power of the longitudinal compensation devices is traditionally resolved by usage of capacitor banks. Determined that longitudinal compensation devices are based on the phenomenon of voltage resonance, then if there are active, inductive and capacitive resistances in the furnace circuit – the arc burns continuously, even in the case of partial compensation. This mode occurs at a power factor of about 0.85. In case of full compensation of the inductive component of resistance of the furnace circuit, the mode of arc burning changes and becomes intermittent. Scientific novelty. Determined that with a fixed value of the power factor and the value of conductivity bc, it is very difficult to achieve ideal current resonance, and when bc = −⌂bl+bl+⌂blс the burning mode of the electric arc will be continuous; however, if the capacitive conductivity becomes more inductive, overcompensation is possible. In the case of transverse compensation, the total power of the furnace unit should be approximately 10% higher. Practical significance. The results obtained can be used for a reasoned selection of reactive power compensation installations for existing ore reduction electric furnaces. With full compensation of the reactive power (transverse and longitudinal), the arc burning mode of the ore reduction furnace becomes intermittent.
Optimization of contact stresses in shoe brakes of mine hoisting machines
Authors: Zabolotnyi K , Burkov A , Panchenko O , Zhupiiev O , Symonenko V
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The research aims to develop recommendations for reducing the maximum contact stresses between the brake lining and the mine hoisting machine drum. Methods. Existing methodologies for calculating shoe brakes of mine hoisting machines often use a hypothesis that assumes absolute stiffness of the brake rim and beam. The developed methodology, using a set of various mathematical and engineering methods, makes it possible to determine the pattern of contact pressure distribution depending on the ratio of the brake lining transverse stiffness to the brake beam bending stiffness. Findings. An analytical model of the brake beam, presented in the form of a circular bar of constant section, has been developed, which is based on the Winkler elastic foundation concept, providing the ability to adapt the stiffness in accordance with the complex brake lining parameters. The stress-strain analysis has identified a key dimensionless indicator – the relative lining stiffness, which has a significant impact on the contact pressure distribution. The research results are presented in the form of a comparative analysis of various design approaches used to provide a more uniform contact pressure distribution along the brake beam. Originality. The proposed analytical model is based on the Winkler elastic foundation involving variable stiffness parameters, which provides high accuracy in modeling the actual physical characteristics of the braking system. This is far superior to traditional methodologies that are based on the assumption of absolute component stiffness, thereby increasing the relevance and scientific value of the results. Practical implications. The proposed recommendations make it possible to optimize the design of braking systems, reducing maximum contact stresses, thereby improving the efficiency, reliability and durability of mine hoisting machines.
From fringe to basin: unravelling the survival strategies of Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Hirche HJ , Ershova EA , Kosobokova KN , Hopcroft RR
Published: July 2024

The large calanoids Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis dominate the zooplankton biomass in the central Arctic Ocean (CAO), but the absence of early life stages has raised speculation whether they complete their life cycle there, or whether they represent expatriates advected from adjacent regions. Our study, conducted across 2 transects of the CAO during fall 2011, focused on the distribution, stage composition, dry weight, individual lipid content, and egg production of these species. Although reproductive activity and early developmental stages were observed only on the fringes of the deep basins, late-stage copepodite and adult female abundances remained steady across the study area for C. glacialis and increased away from the shelves for C. hyperboreus. We found no decline in lipid content or dry weight in adult C. glacialis away from productive regions and only a minor reduction in adult C. hyperboreus. However, the lipid content and dry weight in C5 copepodites significantly decreased away from the shelf break, particularly in C. hyperboreus. This suggests that although early life stages struggle to survive in the resource-limited conditions of the deep CAO and even subadults remain vulnerable to starvation, adults have the resilience to survive long enough to be eventually transported by ocean currents to more favourable regions for reproduction. As such, we suggest that both species of Calanus are neither ‘residents’ nor ‘expatriates’ in the Arctic basins, but rather ontogenetic migrants that take advantage of different habitats within the Arctic Ocean to maximise their survival and reproductive success.
Acartia tonsa grazing on the harmful dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata reduces copepod survival and increases extracellular toxin concentrations
Authors: Ladds M , Smith J , Strohm V , Gobler CJ
Published: July 2024

Dinophysis spp. synthesize lipophilic toxins and form harmful algal blooms (HABs) across the globe. Zooplankton can play a role in controlling HABs and be a vector for HAB toxins; however, no study has explored the grazing and survival of copepods fed cultured Dinophysis. Here, the copepod Acartia tonsa isolated from New York, USA, was fed 3 strains of D. acuminata from the eastern USA (Massachutsetts, New York, Virginia), as well as 2 non-toxic prey (Rhodomonas salina and Gymnodinium aureolum). Grazing and survival rates of A. tonsa were quantified along with toxins. A. tonsa fed on D. acuminata at rates similar to R. salina and G. aureolum. Mixed-prey experiments suggested that D. acuminata was not acutely toxic to A. tonsa. Extracellular levels of okadaic acid (OA) significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) and extracellular pectenotoxin (PTX2) increased by 50% upon exposure to copepods, suggesting that grazers stimulated extracellular toxin release. During 3 wk survival experiments, copepods consuming D. acuminata as a sole food source displayed significantly lower survival rates compared to those fed a control diet of R. salina (p < 0.05). This depressed survivorship was ameliorated by feeding the copepods a diet of D. acuminata mixed with G. aureolum, suggesting that nutritional deficiencies drove mortality. Since grazing on Dinophysis may be low when prey abundance is low, reduced grazing may contribute to bloom development; however, as blooms intensify, grazing may increase, potentially causing a reduction in copepod survival and continued bloom progression. Finally, grazing-induced increases in OA and PTX2 could enhance the introduction of Dinophysis-derived toxins into food webs.
Spatio-seasonal variations in functional trait composition and diversity patterns of marine fish communities in coastal waters
Authors: Wang J , Xu B , Zhang C , Ji Y , Xue Y , Ren Y
Published: July 2024

Despite the consensus that the distribution of functional traits within a community provides insights into community assembly and maintenance mechanisms, few studies have explored spatio-seasonal variations in the functional patterns of marine fish communities. Seven functional traits within the context of 2 distinct groups—habitat use and trophic niche—were selected to assess functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), and functional dispersion (FDis) across various spatio-seasonal scales. Community-weighted mean redundancy analysis (CWM-RDA) was used to identify the impact of environmental factors on dominant traits. We found seasonal and spatial variations in dominant traits of the fish community, notably influenced by the latitudinal-depth gradient (from shallower stations in the north to deeper stations in the south), east-west (longitudinal) dynamics, and temperature gradient. Latitude was negatively correlated with the CWM values of most functional trait categories. FRic showed more pronounced seasonal variations than other indices, with higher values observed in autumn. Fish assemblages displayed more similarity in functional traits in winter than in other seasons, with lower FRic, higher FEve, and lower FDis. Overall, our findings illustrate that fish assemblages undergo continuous formation and dissolution across different seasons and zones, resulting in various forms of functional diversity patterns.
Evidence for the Presence of β2m hom Target Proteins and HLA in Humanized Transgenic Mice of HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*07:02, and HLA-C*07:02 Lines
Authors: Karkischenko V. N. , Berzina A. G. , Petrova N. V. , Pomytkin I. A. , Glotova E. S. , Petrov D. V. , Taboyakova L. A. , Bolotskih L. A. , Laryushina N. А.
Published: July 2024

Human leukocyte antigen plays a primary role in the formation of immune response and pathogenesis of   diseases of various etiologies, including the development of negative side effects induced by pharmacological agents. Modern pharmacosafety standards require improvement of existing test systems to conduct high-quality preclinical studies. A number of humanized transgenic mouse lines with hybrid HLA I class molecules on the cell surface, which correspond to the human allelic variants HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*07:02, and  HLA-C*07:02, were developed at the Scientific Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. In this article, we present experimental data on quantitative determination of β2-microglobulin protein and HLA by the “sandwich” ELISA method in mice with different alleles of   HLA I class genes. The results obtained confirm the presence of target functional proteins (transgenicity) in humanized transgenic mice, which is consistent with our previous data obtained when determining the primary sequence of the transgene using Sanger sequencing. We also discuss the scientific and practical significance of such biomodels, as well as the scope of their application.
The Role Of Parole Officer For Clients In Probation Office In A Systematic Literature Review (Slr)
Authors: Jannata Yasmin Azzhara , Widodo Eko Rizqi Purwo
Published: July 2024

This study aims to classify topics and concepts related to the research on the role of Community Counselors on Clients in Correctional Centers. Through descriptive analysis using Vosviewer and Nvivo-12 plus software, 286 Scopus indexed articles published by major publishers such as Emerald, MDPI, Sage, ScienceDirect, Springer, Taylor, Francis, and others were obtained. This research shows 50 concepts and is categorized into 11 groups. The dominant themes in the articles are Probation, Prison Officers, Parole Officer, Social Work, Probation Officers, Community Correctional Practices, Parole System, Core Correctional Practices, Community Correction, Rehabilitation, Probation Conditions. It is expected to help future researchers to develop this study. This method uses PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The role of community supervisors and correctional centers in each article taken from the Scopus database has almost the same results from each country. There is no comparison and further research needs to use a comparative analysis approach involving the Scopus and Web of Sciences (WoS) databases and use later years' articles.
New Quaternary fossils from high elevation cave deposits in Cuba
Authors: Viñola-López Lázaro W , Jiménez-Vázquez Osvaldo , Hernández Muñoz Abel , Borges-Sellén Carlos R , Arano-Ruiz Alberto , Paz Castro Jesús
Published: July 2024

High elevation fossil deposits in Cuba have been poorly studied, and there is a limited understanding of how altitudinal changes could have affected the composition of faunal communities in the past. Here, we report fossils of 13 vertebrate species and an invertebrate from 11 late Quaternary cave deposits at elevations ranging from 532 to 1123 meters above sea level, located in the Guamuhaya Masiff in central Cuba. The composition of the vertebrate fauna assemblages recovered from these localities resembles that known from other lowland deposits and includes eight extinct, one extirpated, and four extant species. Furthermore, the specimens reported here record the highest elevation known for nine species recovered.
HUBUNGAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL TERHADAP STRES PADA REMAJA
Authors: Rosma Febriana , D Mustamu Qomal Pa’ni  , Aoladul Muqarrabin  , Teguh Achmalona  , Baiq Fitrihan Rukmana
Published: July 2024

The research aims to determine the effect of spiritual intelligence on stress in teenagers at the Nurul Hidayah prayer room. This research uses a quantitative approach with a non- experimental design. The research population was all teenagers at the Nurul Hidayah prayer room and a sample of 24 people were taken using the Slovin formula with simple random sampling technique. The data collection method used the SWBS and DASS-21 questionnaires. Data analysis used chi-square analysis. The results of this research show that there is an influence of spiritual intelligence on stress with evidence of ? value = 0.009 < ? = 0.05, so that there is a significant influence of spiritual intelligence on stress levels in Nurul Hidayah prayer room teenagers. The higher a teenager's spiritual intelligence, the lower a person's stress level.
APLICAÇÃO DO MODELO KANO NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS ATRIBUTOS CRÍTICOS PARA A SATISFAÇÃO DO CLIENTE EM UMA EMPRESA DO RAMO ALIMENTÍCIO
Authors: Maria Damião de Arruda Câmara Jéssica , Ayala Cortez Rildo de Medeiros Gabriele
Published: July 2024

O setor alimentício é marcado por um cenário de acirrada concorrência. Assim, atender as expectativas e surpreender os clientes são fatores essenciais para o sucesso e a longevidade organizacional. Esse contexto exige que, cada vez mais, empresas utilizem técnicas gerenciais como ferramenta direcionadora das suas estratégias. Diante disso, o presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a importância e o desempenho de atributos da qualidade e qual a sua relação com a satisfação dos clientes de uma organização do ramo alimentício na cidade de Currais Novos/RN. Para isso, através de uma metodologia descritiva e aplicada, foram avaliados os fatores variedade do cardápio, qualidade dos alimentos, tempo de espera, preço, limpeza, qualidade do atendimento e espaço físico, através da aplicação do Modelo Kano. Os dados obtidos, a partir de um questionário, e a análise dos resultados mostraram que a empresa foco possui um desempenho superior ao mercado para todos os atributos estudados. Entretanto, para garantir uma posição de destaque, ações gerenciais devem ser tomadas para melhorar o desempenho em relação ao espaço físico, tempo de espera, preço e qualidade dos alimentos. Com isso, pode-se concluir que a técnica utilizada foi eficiente em identificar oportunidades de melhoria e apontar um direcionamento estratégico para a organização.
O PENSAR FILOSÓFICO
Authors: Oliveira Valeria Silva de
Published: July 2024

Visando mapear os rastros do pensamento ocidental como o conhecemos hoje e as transformações do pensar filosófico que conduziram à nova sensibilidade helenística de então, o presente trabalho encontra-se dividido em duas partes.  A primeira disserta brevemente sobre a importância dos pré-socráticos, da Sofística, de Sócrates e Platão para a história do pensamento filosófico ocidental. A segunda parte reflete brevemente sobre o processo de transição da era clássica para a era helenística e as contribuições de Epicuro enquanto fundador de uma das grandes escolas helenísticas da época. Por fim, observa-se que enquanto herdeiros desses pensamentos, conseguimos compreendê-los, conforme sugere Vernant (1999).  Destaco a importância de, a partir da compreensão desses pensamentos, reconhecermos o potencial para possibilidade de surgimento de novas formas de pensar, ser e existir no presente e no/para o futuro.
Comprehensive assessment of pesticide use patterns and increased cancer risk
Authors: Gerken Jacob , Vincent Gear Thomas , Zapata Demi , Barron Ileana G. , Zapata Isain
Published: July 2024

Pesticides are an essential feature of modern-day agriculture that adds to the list of factors that increase cancer risk. Our study aims to comprehensively evaluate this relationship through a population-based approach that considers confounding variables such as county-specific rates of smoking, socioeconomic vulnerability, and agricultural land. We achieved our goal with the implementation of latent-class pesticide use patterns, which were further modeled among covariates to evaluate their associations with cancer risk. Our findings demonstrated an association between pesticide use and increased incidence of leukemia; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; bladder, colon, lung, and pancreatic cancer; and all cancers combined that are comparable to smoking for some cancer types. Through our comprehensive analysis and unique approach, our study emphasizes the importance of a holistic assessment of the risks of pesticide use for communities, which may be used to impact future policies regarding pesticides.
Role of the mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow failure of Fanconi Anemia patients
Authors: Zubicaray Josune , Ivanova Maria , Iriondo June , García Martínez Jorge , Muñoz-Viana Rafael , Abad Lorea , García-García Lorena , González de Pablo Jesús , Gálvez Eva , Sebastián Elena , Ramírez Manuel , Madero Luis , Díaz Miguel Ángel , González-Murillo África , Sevilla Julián
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital malformations, and predisposition to malignancies. Alterations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been reported, but little is known regarding the bone marrow (BM) stroma. Thus, the characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) would help to elucidate their involvement in the BM failure.

Methods

We characterized MSCs of 28 FA patients (FA-MSC) before and after treatment (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, HSCT; or gene therapy, GT). Phenotypic and functional properties were analyzed and compared with MSCs expanded from 26 healthy donors (HD-MSCs). FA-MSCs were genetically characterized through, mitomycin C-test and chimerism analysis. Furthermore, RNA-seq profiling was used to identify dysregulated metabolic pathways.

Results

Overall, FA-MSC had the same phenotypic and functional characteristics as HD-MSC. Of note, MSC-GT had a lower clonogenic efficiency. These findings were not confirmed in the whole FA patients’ cohort. Transcriptomic profiling identified dysregulation in HSC self-maintenance pathways in FA-MSC (HOX), and was confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Discussion

Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of FA-MSCs, including for the first time MSC-GT and constitutes the largest series published to date. Interestingly, transcript profiling revealed dysregulation of metabolic pathways related to HSC self-maintenance. Taken together, our results or findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease, although whether these niche defects are involved in the hematopoietic defects seen of FA deserves further investigation.
Water determines the intramolecular dynamics of proteins. En example of bovine serum albumin
Authors: Penkov Nikita V.
Published: July 2024

In this work, the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy method analyzed solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in two high concentrations (50 and 334 mg/mL) at three pH values (2.5, 6.5, 8.5) and the same solvents without protein, at 25°C. The spectra of dry BSA were also recorded. For the first time, a method for determining the complex dielectric permittivity of protein molecules in aqueous solutions, without the dielectric contribution of the aqueous phase, is proposed. It is shown that the dielectric permittivity of dissolved and dry BSA (lyophilized, in the native conformation) differ significantly in the terahertz frequency range. These differences are small near 70 cm−1, but they increase greatly with decreasing frequency. It was found that the dielectric losses of protein molecules in solution are close to the dielectric losses of the aqueous environment, which in this frequency range are determined by intermolecular relaxation processes of water. Since dielectric losses are directly related to molecular dynamics, this fact shows that the intramolecular dynamics of the protein completely adjusts to the intermolecular dynamics of the aqueous environment. It also indicates that the native conformation does not determine all the fundamental characteristics of a protein molecule, in particular, it does not determine the dynamics of the protein, which significantly depends on the water environment.
Body surface mapping of P-waves in sinus rhythm to predict recurrence following cardioversion for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Antoun Ibrahim , Li Xin , Kotb Ahmed , Barker Joseph , Mavilakandy Akash , Koev Ivelin , Vali Zakariyya , Somani Riyaz , Ng G. André
Published: July 2024

Background

Direct current cardioversion (DCCV) is used as elective and emergency rhythm control for atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to explore the role of P-wave parameters measured during sinus rhythm using body surface mapping (BSM) in predicting successful DCCV for persistent atrial fibrillation (persAF) at 12 months.

Methods

This case–control study included 56 males >18 years old who underwent DCCV for persAF. P-wave parameter collection after DCCV for AF was done using 128 unipolar leads. A band-pass filter of 1–50 Hz was utilised. Corrected P-wave duration (PWDc), P-wave amplitude, and P-wave dispersion were measured to predict 12-month outcomes and time of recurrence.

Results

The mean age was 64 ± 4 years, and 23 patients (44%) were on amiodarone. The 12-month success rate was 44% (n = 23), while the rest reverted to AF after 2.6 ± 0.4 months. The parameters were comparable between successful and failed DCCV in the entire cohort and patients not on amiodarone. In patients on amiodarone, patients with failed arms had higher PWDc than those with successful arms (188 vs. 150 ms, P = 0.04). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis for PWDc in the amiodarone cohort showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 and P = 0.049. A recurrence cut-off >161 ms had a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 100%, with a hazard ratio of 10.7, P = 0.004. The parameters were not predictive of the time of recurrence.

Conclusion

In patients on amiodarone, increased PWDc measured using BSM was associated with higher AF recurrence at 12 months following DCCV for persAF.
Identification and validation of CCL5 as a key gene in HIV infection and pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Yang Mengyue , Bi Wen , Zhang Zhijie
Published: July 2024

Background

The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has garnered significant scrutiny. Individuals with HIV infection have a higher risk of developing PAH. However, the specific mechanism of HIV-associated PAH remains unclear. Our study aims at investigating the shared biomarkers in HIV infection and PAH and predicting the potential therapeutic target for HIV-associated PAH.

Methods

Data for HIV infection and PAH were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was performed to detect shared genes in HIV infection and PAH. Enrichment analysis was conducted to identify the function of common DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was used to detect key genes. These crucial genes were subsequently verified by RT-qPCR. Finally, candidate drugs were identified by using the Drug Signatures Database (DSigDB).

Results

Nineteen common DEGs were identified in HIV infection and PAH. Enrichment analysis exhibited that the functions of these genes were mainly enriched in inflammatory responses, mainly including cellular immunity and interaction between viral proteins and cytokines. By constructing PPI networks, we identified the key gene CC-type chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and we verified that CCL5 was highly expressed in hypoxia induced human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAECs) and human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs). In addition, we predicted 10 potential drugs targeting CCL5 by Autodock Vina.

Conclusion

This study revealed that CCL5 might be a common biomarker of HIV infection and PAH and provided a new therapeutic target for HIV-associated PAH. However, further clinical validation is still indispensable.
Efficacy and safety of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Zhang Xuge , Fang Xiang , Feng Shenghong
Published: July 2024

Background

Catheter ablation (CA) effectively treats atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), improving clinical outcomes. However, its benefits for AF patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are still unclear.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus for studies investigating outcomes of CA in AF patients with HFpEF. Efficacy indicators included freedom from AF and antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) free AF elimination. Safety indicators comprised total complications, HF admission, all-cause admission, and all-cause mortality. Sixteen studies with 20,796 patients included in our research.

Results

The comprehensive analysis demonstrated that, when comparing CA with medical therapy in HFpEF, no significant differences were observed in terms of HF admissions, all-cause admissions, and all-cause mortality [(OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.12–1.51, P = 0.19), (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.48–1.27, P = 0.31), and (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.83–1.44, P = 0.51)], while freedom from AF was significantly higher in CA (OR: 5.88; 95% CI: 2.99–11.54, P < 0.00001). Compared with HFrEF, CA in HFpEF showed similar rates of freedom from AF, AAD-free AF elimination, total complications, and all-cause admission were similar [(OR:0.91; 95% CI: 0.71,1.17, P =0.47), (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.50–1.86, P = 0.93), (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.47–3.41, P = 0.64), (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.73; P = 0.63)]. However, CA in HFpEF was associated with lower rates of HF admission and all-cause mortality [(OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.60; P = 0.0002), (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.85; P = 0.02)]. Compared with patients without HF, CA in HFpEF patients exhibited lower rates of AAD-free AF elimination (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.75; P = 0.001). However, their rates of freedom from AF and total complications were similar [(OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.02; P = 0.06), (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.19, 1.90; P = 0.38)].

Conclusion

This meta-analysis conducted provided a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of CA in patients with AF and HFpEF. The results suggest that CA may represent a valuable treatment strategy for patients with AF and HFpEF.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier (CRD42024514169).
Revealing the characteristics of SETD2-mutated clear cell renal cell carcinoma through tumor heterogeneity analysis
Authors: Peng Shansen , Xie Zhouzhou , Jiang Huiming , Zhang Guihao , Chen Nanhui
Published: July 2024

Background

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of malignant kidney tumor in adults, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) comprising about 75% of all cases. The SETD2 gene, which is involved in the modification of histone proteins, is often found to have alterations in ccRCC. Yet, our understanding of how these SETD2 mutations affect ccRCC characteristics and behavior within the tumor microenvironment is still not fully understood.

Methods

We conducted a detailed analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from ccRCC. First, the data was preprocessed using the Python package, “scanpy.” High variability genes were pinpointed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Dimensionality reduction and clustering identification were performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Leiden algorithm. Malignant cell identification was conducted with the “InferCNV” R package, while cell trajectories and intercellular communication were depicted using the Python packages “VIA” and “cellphoneDB.” We then employed the R package “Deseq2” to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between groups. Using high-dimensional weighted gene correlation network analysis (hdWGCNA), co-expression modules were identified. We intersected these modules with DEGs to establish prognostic models through univariate Cox and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method.

Results

We identified 69 and 53 distinctive cell clusters, respectively. These were classified further into 12 unique cell types. This analysis highlighted the presence of an abnormal tumor sub-cluster (MT + group), identified by high mitochondrial-encoded protein gene expression and an indication of unfavorable prognosis. Investigation of cellular interactions spotlighted significant interactions between the MT + group and endothelial cells, macrophaes. In addition, we developed a prognostic model based on six characteristic genes. Notably, risk scores derived from these genes correlated significantly with various clinical features. Finally, a nomogram model was established to facilitate more accurate outcome prediction, incorporating four independent risk factors.

Conclusion

Our findings provide insight into the crucial transcriptomic characteristics of ccRCC associated with SETD2 mutation. We discovered that this mutation-induced subcluster could stimulate M2 polarization in macrophages, suggesting a heightened propensity for metastasis. Moreover, our prognostic model demonstrated effectiveness in forecasting overall survival for ccRCC patients, thus presenting a valuable clinical tool.
Environmental aging of reinforced polymer composite radome: reliability and performance investigation
Authors: Haider Imran , Gul Iftikhar Hussain , Aziz Shahid , Faraz Muhammad Iftikhar , Khan Muhammad Ali , Jaffery Syed Husain Imran , Jung Dong-Won
Published: July 2024

In high-speed microelectronic communication, efficient and reliable radome-enclosed antenna performance is highly desired, which depends on consistent dielectric, mechanical properties, and low moisture absorption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dielectric properties of fiber-polymer matrix composite (PMC) radome over wideband frequency and the impact of environmental aging on its performance. The dielectric constant (Ɛr) of the SF/E0.8 (80% fiber loading) composite radome material decreased to 4% from its original value (3.93), and dielectric loss (δ) was reduced by 11% from 0.035 (2–18 GHz), while SEM morphology indicated fair interface bonding. Employing the Hallberg and Peck model, equivalent aging time (5–25 years), upon accelerated environmental aging, Ɛr was increased up to 3.69%, δ to 9.68%, and the moisture uptake in the SF/E0.8 composite was increased from 1.13% to 1.67%, while tensile strength was retained up to 90.62% of its original value (147.83 MPa), compression strength up to 93.56% of its original value (388.54 MPa), flexural strength up to 85.44% of its original value (286.77 MPa), and interlaminar shear strength up to 77.66% of its original value (22.03 MPa), respectively. SF/E0.8 radome-enclosed antenna gain was decreased to 1%, and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) was increased to 1.04% from their original values. This gradual and small deviation of SF/Ex composite properties and radome electrical performance over the extended aging time is referred to as reliable and effective for radome applications.
Association between sarcopenia and hemoglobin level: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Hui , Lin Ping
Published: July 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass and function in elderly individuals. Decreased hemoglobin levels is a marker of anemia. According to reports, there may be an association between anemia and sarcopenia, but research is inconsistent. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to explore the association between sarcopenia and low hemoglobin levels.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Ovid, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang databases until September 2022. The present study included cross-sectional and case-control studies regarding low hemoglobin levels and sarcopenia. The studies were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were meta-analyzed by Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16.0. We performed the heterogeneity test using the I2 test. Subgroup analysis was carried out to explore the cause of heterogeneity. Egger test was used to evaluate publication bias.

Results

Out of 1,550 initial studies, 16 studies were meta-analyzed. Sarcopenia participants had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin than controls (MD = −0.53, 95% CI: −0.68 to −0.37, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis, performed in China population reported lower hemoglobin levels in the sarcopenia population (MD = −0.49, 95% CI: −0.65 to −0.33, p < 0.001). And sarcopenia based on AWGS criteria reported lower hemoglobin levels (MD = −0.49, 95% CI: −0.65 to −0.33, p < 0.001). Among the population from hospitals and communities, patients with sarcopenia have lower hemoglobin levels.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis found evidence that sarcopenia is associated with low hemoglobin levels. However, further large-scale prospective studies should be conducted in the future to further confirm our conclusions.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO, CDR42024532252.
Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion through the application of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and endophytic fungi
Authors: Arunachalam Thangasamy , Gade Komal , Mahadule Payal Arun , Soumia P. S. , Govindasamy Venkadasamy , Gawande Suresh Janardhan , Mahajan Vijay
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The application of mineral fertilizers deteriorates soil properties and affects crop yield and nutritional properties. However, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM- Serendipita indica, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM)) have great potential to reduce fertilizers and improve soil fertility, crop yield, and nutrient uptake and mitigate the environmental effect of mineral fertilizers.

Material and methods

Hence, a field experiment was conducted involving nine treatments to evaluate the effects of PGPM along with 50% or 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizers on plant growth, soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and onion productivity.

Results and discussion

Results indicated that 100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSB led to improved plant growth, and higher nutrient concentrations in both leaves and bulbs of onions compared to RDF alone. Moreover, the application of 100% RDF with S. indica increased total dry matter yield by 11.5% and 7.6% in the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons, respectively, compared to 100% RDF alone. This treatment also resulted in the highest nutrient uptake, with N uptake increasing by 6.9%-29.9%, P by 13.7%-21.7%, K by 20.0%-23.7%, and S by 18.1%-23.4%. Additionally, the combination of 100% RDF with S. indica inoculation led to a notable increase in bulb yield, with increments of 16.2% and 13.9% observed in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, respectively, compared to 100% RDF alone. Similarly, the application of 100% RDF along with PSB inoculation resulted in an increase in bulb yield by 7.2% and 9.4% in the respective years. However, VAM did not exhibit satisfactory performance or improvements in the onion crop.

Conclusion

Overall, the study suggests that combining 100% RDF with S. indica or PSB can enhance onion productivity and nutrient use efficiency. The present study may open a new avenue of PGPM application in enhancing onion yield and improving the bulb quality as well as soil health. However, field trials across different regions and soil types are necessary to validate these findings for practical adoption by farmers.
Phospholipid supplementation inhibits male and female odor discrimination in mice
Authors: Morozova Maryana , Andrejeva Jelizaveta , Snytnikova Olga , Boldyreva Lidiya , Tsentalovich Yuri , Kozhevnikova Elena
Published: July 2024

Dietary phospholipids (PLs) are promising supplements that are commonly found as natural food ingredients and emulsifier additives. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of major PLs found in food supplements on social behavior in mice. In this study, the effect of short-term high dietary PL content was studied in terms of social odor discrimination and social interactions with male and female intruders in male mice. We used odor discrimination and habituation tests to demonstrate that PL-fed male mice tend to lose preference toward female odor and fail to discriminate against socially significant scents. At the same time, test animals recognize non-social odors. We also found that PL affected the social behavior of the test males, who tend to behave indiscriminately toward male and female intruders during direct contact. Brain metabolomic profiling revealed no major changes in the intermediary metabolism or neurotransmitter biosynthesis. At the same time, intranasal PL application resembled the effects of dietary supplementation. These data suggest that certain PL might suppress pheromone perception in the olfactory system and affect the sense of socially important odor cues.
A decrease in Fkbp52 alters autophagosome maturation and A152T-tau clearance in vivo
Authors: Lesport Emilie , Commeau Lucie , Genet Mélanie , Baulieu Etienne-Emile , Tawk Marcel , Giustiniani Julien
Published: July 2024

The failure of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway to clear the pathogenic forms of Tau exacerbates the pathogenesis of tauopathies. We have previously shown that the immunophilin FKBP52 interacts both physically and functionally with Tau, and that a decrease in FKBP52 protein levels is associated with Tau deposition in affected human brains. We have also shown that FKBP52 is physiologically present within the lysosomal system in healthy human neurons and that a decrease in FKBP52 expression alters perinuclear lysosomal positioning and Tau clearance during Tau-induced proteotoxic stress in vitro. In this study, we generate a zebrafish fkbp4 loss of function mutant and show that axonal retrograde trafficking of Lamp1 vesicles is altered in this mutant. Moreover, using our transgenic HuC::mCherry-EGFP-LC3 line, we demonstrate that the autophagic flux is impaired in fkbp4 mutant embryos, suggesting a role for Fkbp52 in the maturation of autophagic vesicles. Alterations in both axonal transport and autophagic flux are more evident in heterozygous rather than homozygous fkbp4 mutants. Finally, taking advantage of the previously described A152T-Tau transgenic fish, we show that the clearance of pathogenic A152T-Tau mutant proteins is slower in fkbp4+/− mutants in comparison to fkbp4+/+ larvae. Altogether, these results indicate that Fkbp52 is required for the normal trafficking and maturation of lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles along axons, and that its decrease is sufficient to hinder the clearance of pathogenic Tau in vivo.
Comparison between MRI FLAIR vascular hyperintensity-DWI mismatch and perfusion based triage for thrombectomy in the late time window
Authors: Luo Leilei , Zhou Guanen , Meng Fanlei , Liu Shuling , Wang Sifei , Dou Yuchao , Lu Da , Wei Ming
Published: July 2024

Background

The clinical impact of patient selection using FLAIR vascular hyperintensity (FVH)–diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) mismatch for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients who have been symptomatic for over 6 h remains unclear. Herein, a retrospective study was conducted to compare the inter-rater reliability and clinical outcomes of patients selected for thrombectomy based on FVH-DWI mismatch with perfusion.

Methods

Patients with anterior-circulation large-vessel occlusion selected simultaneously with MRI and perfusion imaging in the late time window from a single-center retrospective study were categorized into EVT-applicable (FVH-DWI mismatch on MRI or perfusion imaging meeting the DEFUSE3 standards) and EVT-inapplicable groups based on MRI and perfusion imaging. The primary outcome was the 90-day functional independence rate. Safety outcomes encompassed symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality in 90 days. We assessed the consistency of the two profiles and compared the differences in functional independence rates of EVT patients among the EVT-applicable groups determined by MRI and perfusion.

Results

A total of 130 patients were enrolled, of which 114 were classified into the EVT-applicable group after triaging using MRI images. In this group, 96 patients underwent EVT, with 53 of them (55.2%) achieving functional independence. A total of 110 patients were divided into EVT-applicable group based on perfusion, among which 92 underwent EVT, with 49 of them (53.2%) achieving functional independence. The consistency of identifying EVT indication was moderate between two groups (κ = 0.42, 95% CI, 0.17–0.67). The functional independence rate was comparable between patients in the two EVT-applicable groups based on the two methods (55.2% vs. 53.2%, p = 0.789).

Conclusion

MRI triaging based on FVH-DWI mismatch showed moderate inter-rater reliability compared with perfusion-based triage and comparable efficacy in predicting clinical outcomes after EVT.