bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Which aspects of mindfulness are important to include in adolescent interventions?
Authors: Johnson Catherine , Wade Tracey
Published: October 2017

Aim

Despite widespread enthusiasm to adopt universal mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) for youth, high‐quality evidence is still lacking. It remains unknown how best to modify the successful adult curricula to render them accessible for young people but still effective. Specifically, it is unclear whether particular elements of mindfulness are key ingredients. The aim of this research was to identify the relation between aspects of baseline mindfulness and longitudinal trajectories related to well‐being in adolescence.

Method

We examined associations between eight aspects of mindfulness at baseline and longitudinal trajectories of depression, anxiety, well‐being, weight concern and shape concern over a 12‐month period in early adolescents (N = 499; 46% female; Mage at baseline 13.45 years; SD = .33).

Results

We found a transdiagnostic protective effect for those high in Accepting and Nonjudgmental Orientation, Decentering and Nonreactivity and Acting with Awareness, with effect sizes across the variables ranging from small to large (Cohen's d = .29‐1.26) although this benefit reduced over time, especially for weight and shape concerns in girls.

Conclusion

This natural but waning protective effect strengthens the case for MBIs in youth. The isolation of three key elements is an important preliminary step in identifying ways to improve the effectiveness of current adolescent curricula. Of the three, the current study suggests that teaching young adolescents to respond to their mistakes with kindness and non‐judgement should be a prime focus.
Individualized 6‐mercaptopurine increments in consolidation treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A NOPHO randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tulstrup Morten , Frandsen Thomas L. , Abrahamsson Jonas , Lund Bendik , Vettenranta Kim , Jonsson Olafur Gisli , Marquart Hanne Vibeke Hansen , Albertsen Birgitte Klug , Heyman Mats , Schmiegelow Kjeld
Published: October 2017

Objectives

This randomized controlled trial tested the hypothesis that children with non‐high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia could benefit from individualized 6‐mercaptopurine increments during consolidation therapy (NCT00816049). Primary and secondary end points were end of consolidation minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity and event‐free survival.

Methods

392 patients were randomized to experimental and 396 to standard therapy. Patients allocated to standard therapy received oral 6‐mercaptopurine (25 mg/m2/day) from days 30 to 85, while the experimental arm received stepwise increments of additional 25 mg/m2/day beginning on days 50 and/or 71 unless dose‐limiting myelosuppression had occurred.

Results

In the experimental arm, 166 patients (42%) received one dose increment, and 62 (16%) received two. Fifty‐seven of 387 (15%) patients in the experimental arm were MRD positive at end of consolidation vs 77 of 389 (20%) in the control arm (P = .08). Five‐year probability of event‐free survival was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85‐0.93) in the experimental arm vs 0.93 (0.90‐0.96) in the control arm (P = .13). The median accumulated length of 6‐mercaptopurine treatment interruptions was 7 (IQR 2‐12) in the experimental arm vs 4 (IQR 0‐10) in the control arm (P = .002).

Conclusion

This study found no benefit from individualized 6‐mercaptopurine increments compared to standard therapy.
The effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on static and dynamic postural stability in older individuals: a randomized double‐blind sham‐controlled study
Authors: Ehsani Fatemeh , Samaei Afshin , Zoghi Maryam , Hedayati Rozita , Jaberzadeh Shapour
Published: October 2017

The aging population is growing rapidly. Risk of falling is higher in older people compared to young adults due to several reasons including poor posture and balance. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebellar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a‐tDCS) on static and dynamic postural stability in older individuals. Twenty‐nine older adults participated in this study and were randomly allocated to two groups of active a‐tDCS (experimental; n = 14) or sham tDCS group (n = 15). Experimental group received cerebellar a‐tDCS for 20 min with intensity of 1.5 mA. Anterior–posterior and medial–lateral postural stability indices (postural sway) in addition to Berg Balance Score were measured before and after the intervention. Postural sways in static and dynamic postural tasks were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after cerebellar a‐tDCS, in addition to Berg Balance Score that increased significantly in active cerebellar a‐tDCS group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in postural stability indices or Berg Balance Score in sham group (P > 0.05). The findings indicated immediate effect of cerebellar a‐tDCS on improvement of postural control and balance in older individuals.
Half a century of equine reproduction research and application: A veterinarytour de force
Authors: Allen W. R. , Wilsher S.
Published: October 2017

Over the past 50 years, per season pregnancy rate in Thoroughbred mares have risen from 70 to >90% and foaling rates from 55 to >80%. Some of the significant pharmacological treatments and diagnostic methods which have driven this marked improvement in breeding efficiency are reviewed. They include the application of artificial lighting to hasten the onset of ovulatory oestrous cyclicity in early Spring, rapid steroid hormone assays to aid in determining the stage and normality of the mare's cycle, prostaglandin analogues, synthetic progestagens and Gonadotrophin‐releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogues to better control and manipulate her cycle to good effect, transrectal ultrasound scanning to monitor follicle growth, endometrial architecture and ovulation and to allow accurate, early pregnancy diagnosis thereby enabling successful ablation of one of twin conceptuses. Also, flexible videoendoscopy to monitor physiological and pathological changes in the uterine endometrium and rigid laparoscopy to apply prostaglandin to the oviducts to dislodge and clear suspected blockages of them to restore fertility. The outbreak of Contagious Equine Metritis in Newmarket in the spring of 1977 and the swabbing‐related changes to mare and stallion management, plus the improved veterinary hygiene methods, which followed are also recounted. The past half century has witnessed many technical and therapeutic advances that have enhanced tremendously the diagnostic and treatment capabilities of studfarm veterinary surgeons. They, in turn, have improved greatly the efficiency of breeding Thoroughbreds and other types of horses.
HDAC2/3 binding and deacetylation of BubR1 initiates spindle assembly checkpoint silencing
Authors: Park Inai , Kwon Mi‐Sun , Paik Sangjin , Kim Hyeonjong , Lee Hae‐Ock , Choi Eunhee , Lee Hyunsook
Published: October 2017

BubR1 acetylation is essential in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. Here we show that BubR1 deacetylation is a signal that initiates mitotic exit. Sustained BubR1 acetylation arrests the cells in metaphase, although chromosome congression is achieved. BubR1 deacetylation was coordinated with dephosphorylation in mitotic exit, suggesting the presence of a coordinated acetylation–phosphorylation code in mitotic signaling. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2 and 3 bound to acetylated BubR1 exclusively in mitosis and led to the polyubiquitination of BubR1. Subsequent degradation of BubR1 resulted in the disassembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex. Importantly, BRCA2 was required for HDAC2/3 association with acetylated BubR1 in nocodazole (Noc)‐arrested cells. Plk1, PP2A, P300/CBP‐associated factor (PCAF) and BubR1 were found in the mitotic BRCA2 complex, suggesting that BRCA2 acts as a signaling scaffold for BubR1 modification. Furthermore, we show that Plk1 is required for BRCA2 to localize at the prometaphase kinetochore (KT). Inhibition of Plk1 resulted in the loss of BRCA2 from the KT, and so did PCAF, consistent with the loss of BubR1 acetylation. Concordantly, BRCA2‐dysfunctional cells exhibited resistance to trichostatin A, which was restored when BRCA2 was introduced. That loss of Brca2 conferred resistance to various HDAC inhibitors was corroborated by the experiments in mouse pancreatic organoids. These results suggest that the BRCA2–BubR1 acetylation–deacetylation pathway is an important decision‐making point for the HDAC inhibitor response. Taken together, BRCA2 is a signaling platform for BubR1, and BubR1 deacetylation is a cue for SAC silencing.
Neural approach to estimate the stress intensity factor of semi‐elliptical cracks in rotating cracked shafts in bending
Authors: Rubio P. , Muñoz‐Abella B. , Rubio L.
Published: October 2017

In the last decades, neural network approach has often been used to study various and complex engineering problems, such as optimization or prediction. In this paper, a methodology founded on artificial neural networks (ANNs) was used to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) in different points of the front of a semi‐elliptical crack present in a rotating shaft, taking into account the shape and depth of the crack, the angle of rotation, and the location of the point in the front. In the event of rotating machines, such as shafts, it is crucial to know the SIF along the crack front because this parameter, according to the Paris Law, is related to the performance of the crack during its propagation. Previously, it was necessary to achieve the data for the ANN training, for this a quasi‐static numerical model was made, which simulates a rotating cracked shaft with a semi‐elliptical crack. The numerical solutions cover a wide range of crack depths and shapes, and rotation angles. The values of the SIF estimated by the ANNs were contrasted with other solutions available in the literature finding a good agreement between them. The proposed neural network methodology is an alternative that offers a very good option for the SIF estimation, because it is efficient and easy to use, does not require high computational costs, and can be used to analyse the propagation of cracks contained in rotating shafts by means of the Paris Law taking into account the nonlinear behaviour of the shaft.
Enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers are not a panacea for resolving the nitrogen problem
Authors: Li Tingyu , Zhang Weifeng , Yin Jiao , Chadwick David , Norse David , Lu Yuelai , Liu Xuejun , Chen Xinping , Zhang Fusuo , Powlson David , Dou Zhengxia
Published: October 2017

Improving nitrogen (N) management for greater agricultural output while minimizing unintended environmental consequences is critical in the endeavor of feeding the growing population sustainably amid climate change. Enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) have been developed to better synchronize fertilizer N release with crop uptake, offering the potential for enhanced N use efficiency (NUE) and reduced losses. Can EEFs play a significant role in helping address the N management challenge? Here we present a comprehensive analysis of worldwide studies published in 1980–2016 evaluating four major types of EEFs (polymer‐coated fertilizers PCF, nitrification inhibitors NI, urease inhibitors UI, and double inhibitors DI, i.e. urease and nitrification inhibitors combined) regarding their effectiveness in increasing yield and NUE and reducing N losses. Overall productivity and environmental efficacy depended on the combination of EEF type and cropping systems, further affected by biophysical conditions. Best scenarios include: (i) DI used in grassland (n = 133), averaging 11% yield increase, 33% NUE improvement, and 47% decrease in aggregated N loss (sum of NO3‐, NH3, and N2O, totaling 84 kg N/ha); (ii) UI in rice‐paddy systems (n = 100), with 9% yield increase, 29% NUE improvement, and 41% N‐loss reduction (16 kg N/ha). EEF efficacies in wheat and maize systems were more complicated and generally less effective. In‐depth analysis indicated that the potential benefits of EEFs might be best achieved when a need is created, for example, by downward adjusting N application from conventional rate. We conclude that EEFs can play a significant role in sustainable agricultural production but their prudent use requires firstly eliminating any fertilizer mismanagement plus the implementation of knowledge‐based N management practices.
Conservation, biopolitics, and the governance of life and death
Authors: Biermann Christine , Anderson Robert M.
Published: October 2017

The politics of environmental conservation has long been a key concern for human and environmental geographers. Recently, geographers have begun to employ Foucauldian insights on biopower and biopolitics to understand conservation's changing agendas, techniques, and logics, focusing on the specific ways in which non‐human nature is ordered, ranked, and promoted. This review examines how four domains of conservation—endangered species management, conservation breeding and genetics, protected areas, and rewilding—have been conceptualized as biopolitical. In each domain, different sets of scientific practices and understandings produce valuations of life that appear natural, universal, and technically derived even as they are particular and normative. Thus, we find that there is not a single “conservation biopolitics” but instead an entanglement of overlapping and contradictory logics and techniques. At its best, the Foucauldian biopolitical approach can help to parse the range of possible logics and techniques that constitute conservation and to expand who is authorized to take part in debates and decisions about what life should be protected, how, why, and for whom.
Safety and dose‐dependency of eptacog beta (activated) in a dose escalation study of non‐bleeding congenital haemophilia A or B patients, with or without inhibitors
Authors: Ducore J. , Lawrence J. B. , Simpson M. , Boggio L. , Bellon A. , Burggraaf J. , Stevens J. , Moerland M. , Frieling J. , Reijers J. , Wang M.
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Varying initial doses of activated eptacog beta (recombinant human FVIIa, rhFVIIa) may provide therapeutic options when treating bleeding in patients with congenital haemophilia who have developed inhibitory antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX). This study evaluated escalated doses of a new rhFVIIa product as a prelude to selecting the doses for clinical efficacy evaluation in haemophilia patients.

Aim

To assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and laboratory pharmacodynamics of 3 doses of rhFVIIa in non‐bleeding patients with congenital haemophilia A or B with or without inhibitors.

Methods

Adult male patients (18‐75 years old) with congenital haemophilia A or B (with or without inhibitors) received infusions of rhFVIIa at doses of 25, 75 or 225 μg/kg body weight. Ten patients were treated at each dose level, and each patient received 2 different dose levels. Descriptive methods were used to analyse the data.

Results

Administration of rhFVIIa at all doses was well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that peak FVIIa plasma levels (Cmax) were approximately proportional to dose and correlated well with peak thrombin generation. Total AUC0‐inf also was approximately dose proportional. Clot formation and duration correlated with FVIIa activity. Repeat doses did not produce an immunological response.

Conclusion

In the first dose‐escalation study of rhFVIIa to support product registration, eptacog beta at doses of 25, 75, and 225 μg/kg was pharmacodynamically active and well tolerated in non‐bleeding patients with congenital haemophilia A or B.
The role of frequent HIV testing in diagnosing HIV in men who have sex with men
Authors: Furegato M , Mitchell H , Ogaz D , Woodhall S , Connor N , Hughes G , Nardone A , Mohammed H
Published: October 2017

Objectives

In the UK, quarterly HIV testing is recommended for high‐risk men who have sex with men (MSM). In this manuscript we determined the risk of being newly diagnosed with HIV in MSM by their HIV testing history, considering both the frequency and periodicity of testing.

Methods

Data on HIV incidence in MSM attending a sexual health clinic (SHC) in England in 2013−2014 with testing history (previous 2 years) were obtained from GUMCAD, the national sexually transmitted infection (STI) surveillance system in England. HIV testing patterns among MSM were defined using the frequency and periodicity of testing, based on 3 month intervals, in the year preceding the first attendance during the study period. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the association between HIV testing pattern and time to HIV diagnosis with and without adjustment for demographic confounders. Analyses were stratified by risk stratum, with ‘high risk’ defined as a history of a bacterial STI in the past year. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported.

Results

Among the 37 702 HIV‐negative MSM attending an SHC in 2013−2014, 1105 (3%) were diagnosed with HIV infection within 1 year of their first attendance. The probability of HIV diagnosis was highest in MSM who were tested quarterly compared with those who were not tested in the past year (aHR 2.51; 95% CI 1.33–4.74); this increased 1.8‐fold among high‐risk MSM (aHR 4.48; 95% CI 0.97–21.17).

Conclusions

The probability of subsequent HIV diagnosis was greatest in high‐risk MSM who were tested most frequently. Quarterly HIV testing increased the likelihood of identifying undiagnosed HIV infection and should remain a continued recommendation for high‐risk MSM.
Dermatoscopic evaluation and histopathological correlation of acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation
Authors: Vinay Keshavamurthy , Bishnoi Anuradha , Parsad Davinder , Saikia Uma N. , Sendhil Kumaran Muthu
Published: October 2017

Background

Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation (ADMH) is a hypernym encompassing Riehl's melanosis, lichen planus pigmentosus, and ashy dermatoses that show significant clinicopathological overlap. We sought to describe the dermatoscopic features of ADMH and correlate them with histopathological findings.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study performed in two phases. A detailed clinical and dermatoscopic examination was performed, and skin biopsies were obtained in 51 patients. Two dermatologists and a blinded dermatopathologist studied archived dermatoscopic images and histopathology specimens, respectively.

Results

Dermatoscopic features noted were (i) pigment structures; dots (82.4%), globules (66.7%) and blotches (56.9%) that spared the eccrine and hair follicle openings; (ii) telangiectasia (82.4%); (iii) accentuation of the normal pseudoreticular pigmentary network (33.3%); (iv) owl's eye structures (15.7%). Four dermatoscopic grades of disease severity were identified: grade 1 – dotted; grade 2 – Chinese letter; grade 3 – reticulate; and grade 4 – diffuse. Density of melanin incontinence on histopathology correlated positively with size of pigment structures (r = 0.7, P < 0.000) and grades of disease severity (r = 0.75, P < 0.000) on dermatoscopy.

Conclusion

Increasing grades of disease severity can be detected dermatoscopically, which correlate well with histopathological features. A carefully performed dermatoscopy aids in better patient counseling regarding disease severity.
Workplace unionism under decentralised bargaining in France: a case study of the CGT in the car industry
Authors: Reaney Ruth , Cullinane Niall
Published: October 2017

Considering recent theoretical accounts on the trajectory of French unionism under localised bargaining, this article examines potential consequences for the country's traditionally largest radical union, Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT). Deploying a case study of CGT at PSA Peugeot Citroёn and Renault in the years since the 2008 automotive crisis, the article observes a persistent pattern of militant opposition within company and plant union sections. Company bargaining structure, interunion reformist collaboration and electoral considerations are identified as workplace mechanisms reinforcing CGT actions at this level.
Roughness of oxide glass subcritical fracture surfaces
Authors: Pallares Gaël , Lechenault Frédéric , George Matthieu , Bouchaud Elisabeth , Ottina Cédric , Rountree Cindy L. , Ciccotti Matteo
Published: October 2017

An original setup combining a very stable loading stage, an atomic force microscope and an environmental chamber, allows to obtain very stable subcritical fracture propagation in oxide glasses under controlled environment, and subsequently to finely characterize the nanometric roughness properties of the crack surfaces. The analysis of the surface roughness is conducted both in terms of the classical root mean square roughness to compare with the literature, and in terms of more physically adequate indicators related to the self‐affine nature of the fracture surfaces. Due to the comparable nanometric scale of the surface roughness, the AFM tip size and the instrumental noise, a special care is devoted to the statistical evaluation of the metrologic properties. The roughness amplitude of several oxide glasses was shown to decrease as a function of the stress intensity factor, to be quite insensitive to the relative humidity and to increase with the degree of heterogeneity of the glass. The results are discussed in terms of several modeling arguments concerning the coupling between crack propagation, material's heterogeneity, crack tip plastic deformation and water diffusion at the crack tip. A synthetic new model is presented combining the predictions of a model by Wiederhorn et al (J Non‐Cryst Solids, 353, 1582‐1591, 2007) on the effect of the material's heterogeneity on the crack tip stresses with the self‐affine nature of the fracture surfaces.
Fracture toughness of random fibrous materials with ultrahigh porosity at elevated temperatures
Authors: Li Datao , Yu Wenshan , Xia Wei , Fang Qinzhi , Shen Shengping
Published: October 2017

The fracture toughness of three‐dimensional random fibrous (3D RF) material was investigated from room temperature to 1273 K by virtue of experimental method, theoretical model and Finite Element Method (FEM) in the through‐the‐thickness (TTT) and in‐plane (IP) directions. The experiments showed that the fracture toughness in the TTT and IP directions increases (from 0.0617 to 0.0924 Mpa·m1/2 and from 0.2958 to 0.3982 Mpa·m1/2 for the TTT and IP directions, respectively) as the temperature until reaching a transition temperature (1123 K and 1223 K for the TTT and IP directions, respectively), then the fracture toughness decreases from 0.0924 to 0.0393 Mpa·m1/2 and from 0.3982 to 0.3106 Mpa·m1/2 for the TTT and IP directions, respectively. The fracture behavior was related to the bulk microstructures, the mechanical properties of fibers and the blunting of crack tip. The crack tip blunting affected the fracture toughness at elevated temperatures which was verified using the theoretical model. A FEM model with a single edge crack where special attention was drawn to the influence of the morphological characteristic was developed to simulate the fracture behavior of 3D RF material. Numerical results from the FEM modeling along with a theoretical model with crack tip blunting mechanism incorporated agreed well with the experimental results.
Linc00511 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate VEGFA expression through sponging hsa‐miR‐29b‐3p in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Liu Yimin , Li Zhihua , Zheng Shangyou , Wang Zairui , Li Wenzhu , Bi Zhuofei , Li Liting , Jiang Yanhui , Luo Yuming , Lin Qing , Fu Zhiqiang , Rufu Chen
Published: October 2017

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in pathological processes, yet their potential roles in PDAC are poorly understood. Here, we identify a fundamental role for a novel lincRNA, linc00511, in the progression of PDAC. Linc00511 levels in PDAC tissue specimens and cell lines were examined by quantitative real‐time PCR. Corresponding adjacent non‐neoplastic tissues were used as controls. The function of linc00511 in PDAC cell lines was determined by RNA interference approach in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize linc00511 expression in PDAC cells. Insights of the mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were obtained from bioinformatic analysis, luciferase assays and RIP assays. The association between the linc00511/hsa‐miR29b‐3p axis and VEGFA was verified by Western blotting assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of VEGFA in PDAC samples. The aberrant up‐regulation of linc00511 was detected in PDAC cell lines and patient specimens compared with controls. An increase in linc00511 expression indicates the adverse clinical pathological characteristics and poor prognosis. Functionally, linc00511 depletion in PDAC cells decreased proliferation, migration, invasion and endothelial tube formation. Mechanistically, linc00511 could up‐regulate VEGFA via its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity on hsa‐miR‐29b‐3p. In summary, our results define an important axis controlling proliferation, invasion and tumour angiogenesis in PDAC. Linc00511 is a novel lncRNA that plays a significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis and progression of PDAC. Thus, Linc00511 represents a new prognostic biomarker to predict clinical outcome of PDAC patients after surgery and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for PDAC treatment.
Restoration contour is a risk indicator for peri‐implantitis: A cross‐sectional radiographic analysis
Authors: Katafuchi Michitsuna , Weinstein Bradley F. , Leroux Brian G. , Chen Yen‐Wei , Daubert Diane M.
Published: October 2017

Aim

The purpose of this study was to determine whether restoration emergence angle was associated with peri‐implantitis.

Materials and Methods

A data set consisting of 96 patients with 225 implants (mean follow‐up: 10.9 years) was utilized. Implants were divided into bone‐level and tissue‐level groups, and radiographs were analysed to determine the restoration emergence angles, as well as restoration profiles (convex or concave). Peri‐implantitis was diagnosed based on probing depth and radiographic bone loss. Associations between peri‐implantitis and emergence angles/profiles were assessed using generalized estimating equations.

Results

Eighty‐three patients with 168 implants met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of peri‐implantitis was significantly greater in the bone‐level group when the emergence angle was >30 degrees compared to an angle ≤30 degrees (31.3% versus 15.1%, p = .04). In the tissue‐level group, no such correlation was found. For bone‐level implants, when a convex profile was combined with an angle of >30 degrees, the prevalence of peri‐implantitis was 37.8% with a statistically significant interaction between emergence angle and profile (p = .003).

Conclusions

Emergence angle of >30 degrees is a significant risk indicator for peri‐implantitis and convex profile creates an additional risk for bone‐level implants, but not for tissue‐level implants.
Impact of extremely low‐birth‐weight status on risk and resilience for depression and anxiety in adulthood
Authors: Van Lieshout Ryan J. , Boyle Michael H. , Favotto Lindsay , Krzeczkowski John E. , Savoy Calan , Saigal Saroj , Schmidt Louis A.
Published: October 2017

Background

Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety, but it is not known if this is due to greater exposure to risk, or if perinatal adversity amplifies the impact of traditional risk factors. This study sought to determine if exposure to perinatal adversity modifies associations between traditional risk and resilience factors and depression and anxiety in adulthood.

Methods

A sample of 142 extremely low‐birth‐weight (ELBW < 1,000 g) survivors and 133 sociodemographically matched normal birth weight (NBW) control participants was followed longitudinally to 22–26 years of age. Separate postnatal risk and resilience scales were created using eight risk and seven resilience factors, respectively. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the internalizing scale of the Young Adult Self‐Report (YASR). This scale was also dichotomized at the 90th percentile to define clinically significant psychopathology.

Results

While the average number of risk exposures did not differ between groups, ELBW survivors were more susceptible to risk than NBW control participants. For the ELBW group, each additional risk factor resulted in a 2‐point increase in internalizing scores, and two and a half times the odds of clinically significant internalizing symptoms (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.63, 3.76). The protective effect of resiliency factors was also blunted among ELBW survivors.

Conclusions

Extremely low‐birth‐weight survivors may be more sensitive to traditional risk factors for psychopathology and less protected by resiliency factors. Intervention strategies aimed at preventing or reducing exposure to traditional childhood risk factors for psychopathology may reduce the burden of mental illness in adult survivors of prematurity.
Anticlockwise pressure–temperature paths record Variscan upper‐plate exhumation: Example from micaschists of the Porto Vecchio region, Corsica
Authors: Massonne Hans‐Joachim , Cruciani Gabriele , Franceschelli Marcello , Musumeci Giovanni
Published: October 2017

To better understand the evolution of deep‐seated crust of the Variscan orogen in the Sardinia‐Corsica region, we studied garnet‐bearing micaschists which were sampled 3 km east and 15 km northeast of Porto Vecchio, south‐eastern Corsica. After a careful investigation of the textural relations and compositions of minerals, especially of zoned garnet, a P–T path was reconstructed using contoured P–T pseudosections. U–Th–Pb dating of monazite in the micaschists was undertaken with the electron microprobe. The micaschists from both localities were formed along similar anticlockwise P–T paths. The prograde branch of these paths starts at 3 kbar close to 600°C in the P–T field of sillimanite and reaches peak conditions at 7 kbar and 600 (15 km NE of Porto Vecchio) to 630°C (3 km E of Porto Vecchio). The metamorphism at peak P–T conditions happened c. 340 Ma based on low‐Y (<0.65 wt% Y2O3) monazite. Ages of monazite with high‐Y contents (>2 wt% Y2O3), which probably have formed before garnet, scatter around 362 Ma. The retrograde branch of the P–T paths passes through 4 kbar at ~550°C. We conclude that the micaschists belong to a common metasedimentary sequence, which extends over the Porto Vecchio region and is separated from other metamorphic rock sequences in the north and the south by major tectonic boundaries. This sequence had experienced peak pressures which are lower than those determined for metamorphic rocks, such as micaschist and gneiss, from north‐eastern Sardinia. At present, we favour a continent–continent collisional scenario with the studied metasedimentary sequence buried during the collisional event as part of the upper plate. The contemporaneous high‐P metamorphic rocks from NE Sardinia were part of the upper portion of the lower plate. The addressed rocks from both plates were exhumed in an exhumation channel.
Ultrasonographic aspects of the Leontopithecus gestation (Lesson, 1840—Callitrichidae, Primates)
Authors: Luz Marcelline Santos , Vidal Fabrício Delgado , Burity Carlos Henrique Freitas , Bobány Denise de Mello , Pissinatti Alcides
Published: October 2017

Background

There is a concern about conservation of endangered species today. Among this species, the Leontopithecus (Lesson, 1840) is outstanding. Its population has been whirling reduced. So far the reproductive physiology of Leontopithecus has few studies, it is fundamental requisite to preserve this species. Obstetric sonography has become an essential method in reproductive management of primates.

Method

This method is very helpful to detect early pregnancy and evaluate some deficiency of fetal growth. In this study, 14 pregnancies were monitored using real‐time abdominal sonography. During each evaluation, the number of fetus was recorded, gestational sac and heart beats were observed, and biparietal diameter was measured.

Results

The results showed that abdominal sonography is a reliable method for observation of gross morphological changes during pre‐natal development and to estimate gestational age. No statistically differences were observed between twins and singletons. This study is the first investigation of pre‐natal growth in Leontopithecus.
The Paradox of Financial Fire Sales: The Role of Arbitrage Capital in Determining Liquidity
Authors: DOW JAMES , HAN JUNGSUK
Published: October 2017

How can fire sales for financial assets happen when the economy contains well‐capitalized but nonspecialist investors? Our explanation combines rational expectations equilibrium and “lemons” models. When specialist (informed) market participants are liquidity‐constrained, prices become less informative. This creates an adverse selection problem, decreasing the supply of high‐quality assets, and lowering valuations by nonspecialist (uninformed) investors, who become unwilling to supply capital to support the price. In normal times, arbitrage capital can “multiply” itself by making uninformed capital function as informed capital, but in a crisis, this stabilizing mechanism fails.
Multivariate analysis of risk factors for cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in gynecological cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Watanabe Kazushi , Matsushita Hiroshi , Tsukiyama Ikuto , Matsuura Katsuhiko , Wakatsuki Akihiko
Published: October 2017

Aim

Risk factors for cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) vary by population. This study aimed to assess risk factors for CIN in patients with gynecological cancer.

Methods

Patients who underwent cisplatin‐based chemotherapy for gynecological cancer between January 2009 and December 2015 at Aichi Medical University School of Medicine were included in this study. CIN was defined according to the ‘risk, injury, failure, loss, and end‐stage kidney disease’ (RIFLE) criteria and classified as either risk (Class R) or injury (Class I). Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

Among 112 patients enrolled, 30 had CIN. Multivariate analysis revealed that hydration with magnesium (odds ratio [OR], 0.223), history of cisplatin use (OR, 4.420), and hypoalbuminemia (OR, 4.170) were risk factors for Class R, and that frequency of cisplatin administration (OR, 5.620) and hydration with magnesium (OR, 0.216) were risk factors for Class I.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that hydration without magnesium, history of cisplatin use, frequency of cisplatin administration, and hypoalbuminemia are significant risk factors for CIN.
Intra‐arterial Modulation of the Trigeminal Nerve Ganglion in Patients with Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Saleem Muhammad A. , Jadhav Vikram , Wallery Shawn S. , Raja Faisal
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Nerves and nerve ganglions are supplied by segmental arteries and the vasa nervorum, but the intra‐arterial route has not been used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. We present the results of intra‐arterial delivery of medication for modulating trigeminal nerve ganglion function in patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia.

METHODS

We administered intra‐arterial lidocaine in doses up to 50 mg in the middle meningeal artery territory adjacent to the arterial branch that supplies the trigeminal nerve ganglion. We performed electrophysiologic monitoring to serially assess the latency and amplitude of R1 and R2 responses in the blink reflex before and concurrent with each incremental dose of lidocaine. Clinical outcome assessment included a 10‐point numeric rating, 4‐point severity grading, and the pain‐free time interval pre‐ and post‐treatment.

RESULTS

Intra‐arterial lidocaine was administered to three patients with trigeminal neuralgia (35‐year‐old woman, 57‐year‐old man, and 34‐year‐old woman). In all patients, there was a latency prolongation and amplitude reduction of R1 or R2 responses or both which was evident after 5‐10 mg of lidocaine administration; a more pronounced effect was seen with increasing doses. The second and third patients reported improvement in pain severity on all scales with pain‐free intervals of 5 and 3 days, respectively. There was improvement in facial hyperalgesia in all three patients in all dermatomes. All three patients’ symptoms had returned to baseline severity 1 month later.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that modulation of trigeminal nerve activity via the intra‐arterial route is possible based on consistent intraprocedural electrophysiologic suppression and short‐term clinical improvement in patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia.
Effect of marine by‐product meals on hen egg production parameters, yolk lipid composition and sensory quality
Authors: Toyes‐Vargas E. , Ortega‐Pérez R. , Espinoza‐Villavicencio J. L. , Arellano‐Pérez M. , Civera R. , Palacios E.
Published: October 2017

The effect of including 5% marine by‐product meals in feeds of laying hens on egg production, composition and sensory characteristics was tested. Marine by‐product meals were prepared using two methods: (i) cooking (100°C/10 min) followed by drying (60°C/24 hr) or (ii) grinding followed by drying. The raw materials used for meal production were scallop or squid viscera, shrimp heads or whole mackerel. A total of 108 laying hens were allocated to nine diet treatments; one control diet (corn and soya bean based) and eight experimental diets, containing 95% of the control feed and 5% of the experimental meal for three weeks. Daily intake was higher in hens fed the dried mackerel and cooked shrimp meals. All the experimental treatments showed significantly higher concentration of n‐3 HUFA in yolk reserves and phospholipids compared to the control (0.12–0.13 g per 100 g), especially those with scallop or squid prepared by both methods (0.53–0.95 g per 100 g). Scallop, squid and shrimp meal inclusion in the feed produced eggs with more astaxanthin (0.22 mg per 100 g) while this carotenoid was absent in the control and mackerel treatments. Visual evaluation of raw yolk colour increased with the inclusion of marine by‐product meals with higher values in hens fed shrimp heads (13), followed by scallop viscera (11), squid viscera (9), and with similar values for mackerel and control (4). The taste, aroma, texture and colour of cooked eggs from different treatments were not statically different when evaluated by a panel of 60 untrained people. These results suggest that meals from marine by‐products are a better alternative for improving egg yolk composition by increasing n‐3 HUFA when compared to fishmeal as they also increase astaxanthin and yolk pigmentation without affecting egg sensory characteristics.
Lineage‐specific evolution of flavin‐containing monooxygenases involved in aliphatic glucosinolate side‐chain modification
Authors: Cang Wei , Sheng Yu‐Xin , Evivie Ejiroghene Ruona , Kong Wen‐Wen , Li Jing
Published: October 2017

Glucosinolates, a class of specialized metabolites specific to the order Brassicales, have diverse bioactivities that are largely dependent on the structures of their side chains. Flavin‐containing monooxygenases (FMOs) encoded by the FMOGS‐OX genes have been found to catalyze side‐chain modifications during the synthesis of methionine‐derived aliphatic glucosinolates. Seven FMOGS‐OX genes have been identified in Arabidopsis Heynh., but the evolution of these genes in the Brassicaceae, a family including many economically important vegetables, is poorly understood. In this study, the phylogenetic and syntenic relationships of the FMOGS‐OX genes belonging to 12 sequenced Brassicaceae species were analyzed. Our results showed that the FMOGS‐OX genes included two tandem arrays, the FMOGS‐OX2‐4 group (group A) and the FMOGS‐OX5‐7 group (group B). The evolutionary histories of the FMOGS‐OX groups A and B were similar across the Brassicaceae, but two lineage‐specific evolutionary routes developed after these two separate species lineages diverged from Aethionema arabicum (L.) Andrz. ex DC. In the lineage I route, FMOGS‐OX gene copies tended to increase due to frequent tandem duplication events in most species and a whole genome triplication in Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. In the lineage II route, gene copies decreased due to deletion events. Combining these results with those of previous studies, we speculated that the FMOGS‐OX genes were derived from an ancestral gene with a broad expression distribution and a broad range of substrates, which then underwent subfunctionalization to generate progeny limited in either spatial expression or substrate structure. Furthermore, the absence of FMOGS‐OX5 substrates in some FMOGS‐OX5‐containing species may suggest neofunctionalization of these genes.
Combining shock barometry with numerical modeling: Insights into complex crater formation—The example of the Siljan impact structure (Sweden)
Authors: Holm‐Alwmark Sanna , Rae Auriol S. P. , Ferrière Ludovic , Alwmark Carl , Collins Gareth S.
Published: October 2017

Siljan, central Sweden, is the largest known impact structure in Europe. It was formed at about 380 Ma, in the late Devonian period. The structure has been heavily eroded to a level originally located underneath the crater floor, and to date, important questions about the original size and morphology of Siljan remain unanswered. Here we present the results of a shock barometry study of quartz‐bearing surface and drill core samples combined with numerical modeling using iSALE. The investigated 13 bedrock granitoid samples show that the recorded shock pressure decreases with increasing depth from 15 to 20 GPa near the (present) surface, to 10–15 GPa at 600 m depth. A best‐fit model that is consistent with observational constraints relating to the present size of the structure, the location of the downfaulted sediments, and the observed surface and vertical shock barometry profiles is presented. The best‐fit model results in a final crater (rim‐to‐rim) diameter of ~65 km. According to our simulations, the original Siljan impact structure would have been a peak‐ring crater. Siljan was formed in a mixed target of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks overlaying crystalline basement. Our modeling suggests that, at the time of impact, the sedimentary sequence was approximately 3 km thick. Since then, there has been around 4 km of erosion of the structure.
Yogurt consumption during pregnancy and preterm delivery in Mexican women: A prospective analysis of interaction with maternal overweight status
Authors: Kriss Jennifer L. , Ramakrishnan Usha , Beauregard Jennifer L. , Phadke Varun K. , Stein Aryeh D. , Rivera Juan A. , Omer Saad B.
Published: October 2017

Preterm delivery is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, often precipitated by maternal infection or inflammation. Probiotic‐containing foods, such as yogurt, may reduce systemic inflammatory responses. We sought to evaluate whether yogurt consumption during pregnancy is associated with decreased preterm delivery. We studied 965 women enrolled at midpregnancy into a clinical trial of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in Mexico. Yogurt consumption during the previous 3 months was categorized as ≥5, 2–4, or <2 cups per week. Preterm delivery was defined as delivery of a live infant before 37 weeks gestation. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between prenatal yogurt consumption and preterm delivery and examined interaction with maternal overweight status. In this population, 25.4%, 34.2%, and 40.4% of women reported consuming ≥5, 2–4, and <2 cups of yogurt per week, respectively. The prevalence of preterm delivery was 8.9%. Differences in preterm delivery were non‐significant across maternal yogurt consumption groups; compared with women reporting <2 cups of yogurt per week, those reporting 2–4 cups of yogurt per week had adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for preterm delivery of 0.81 (95% confidence interval, CI [.46, 1.41]), and those reporting ≥5 cups of yogurt per week had aOR of 0.94 (95% CI [.51, 1.72]). The association between maternal yogurt consumption and preterm delivery differed significantly for nonoverweight women compared with overweight women (p for interaction = .01). Compared with nonoverweight women who consumed <2 cups of yogurt per week, nonoverweight women who consumed ≥5 cups of yogurt per week had aOR for preterm delivery of 0.24 (95% CI [.07, .89]). Among overweight women, there was no significant association. In this population, there was no overall association between prenatal yogurt consumption and preterm delivery. However, there was significant interaction with maternal overweight status; among nonoverweight women, higher prenatal yogurt consumption was associated with reduced preterm delivery.
Priority interventions to improve maternal and child diets in Sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia
Authors: Masters William A. , Rosettie Katherine , Kranz Sarah , Pedersen Sarah H. , Webb Patrick , Danaei Goodarz , Mozaffarian Dariush ,   on behalf of the Global Nutrition and Policy Consortium
Published: October 2017

Nutrition‐sensitive interventions to improve overall diet quality are increasingly needed to improve maternal and child health. This study demonstrates feasibility of a structured process to leverage local expertise in formulating programmes tailored for current circumstances in South Asia and Africa. We assembled 41 stakeholders in 2 regional workshops and followed a prespecified protocol to elicit programme designs listing the human and other resources required, the intervention's mechanism for impact on diets, target foods and nutrients, target populations, and contact information for partners needed to implement the desired programme. Via this protocol, participants described 48 distinct interventions, which we then compared against international recommendations and global goals. Local stakeholders' priorities focused on postharvest food systems to improve access to nutrient‐dense products (75% of the 48 programmes) and on production of animal sourced foods (58%), as well as education and social marketing (23%) and direct transfers to meet food needs (12.5%). Each programme included an average of 3.2 distinct elements aligned with those recommended by United Nations system agencies in the Framework for Action produced by the Second International Conference on Nutrition in 2014 and the Compendium of Actions for Nutrition developed for the Renewed Efforts Against Child Hunger initiative in 2016. Our results demonstrate that a participatory process can help local experts identify their own priorities for future investments, as a first step in a novel process of rigorous, transparent, and independent priority setting to improve diets among those at greatest risk of undernutrition.