bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A unified model for reverberation and submerged target scattering in shallow water
Authors: Ratilal Purnima , Makris Nicholas C.
Published: July 2002

A unified model for reverberation and submerged object scattering in a stratified medium is developed from a full-field theory for scattering in a waveguide. The advantage of the unified approach is that it enables consistent predictions to be made of the target-echo-to-reverberation ratio as a function of range and depth. A full-field waveguide scattering theory is especially necessary for shallow-water applications since simpler but approximate methods based on free-space scattering, such as the sonar equation, can be in error by many orders of magnitude depending on target shape, size relative to the wavelength, and environment. The model is applied to determine whether submerged targets can be detected above seafloor reverberation for a variety of water column and sediment types, sonar and target locations, and target shapes and sizes. The model is also applied to determine conditions necessary for discrete geomorphological features of the seafloor and sub-seafloor to be detected above diffuse seafloor reverberation.
A method for routine comparison of XRPD measurements
Authors: Berti Giovanni
Published: July 2002

This paper outlines some features of diffraction instrumental monitoring (DIM), a method which can prove helpful to evaluate systematic effects from diffraction measurements and facilitate the comparison of results. The work provides some consideration of the significance of the information contained in diffraction patterns and the ability of DIM methods to yield the effective values of instrumental parameters obtained under working conditions.
Conversation time and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey of Japanese employees
Authors: Izawa Shuhei , Nakamura-Taira Nanako , Yoshikawa Toru , Akamatsu Rie , Ikeda Hiroki , Kubo Tomohide
Published: May 2022

Objective

During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social isolation and impaired social interaction could be the factors that cause mental health problems. This study investigated the association between conversation time in daily life and mental health among Japanese employees.

Methods

In August 2021, a web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1000 Japanese employees. Weekly conversation time was assessed in four domains (family members, friends, someone in the workplace, and others), and mental health was assessed using the Japanese version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6 scale). Weekly total conversation time was calculated, and participants were assigned to one of the four conversation time categories based on quantile values to investigate the associations with poor mental health (K6 ≥ 13).

Results

The logistic regression analyses revealed that participants with short conversation times (<3.5 h per week) had poorer mental health compared to those with long conversation times (> 21.0 h per week), even after adjusting for confounders (OR = 2.48 [95% CI 1.31–4.71]). For the exploratory analyses of conversation time for each domain, the associations of short conversation time in the workplace with poor mental health was most robust (OR =2.02 [95% CI 1.13–3.63]).

Conclusions

Japanese employees with conversation time of <3.5 h per week (i.e., 30 min per day) had poor mental health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have largely limited opportunities to have conversations with others, but a certain level of conversation time might be required to maintain mental health.
Injectable Dual‐Dynamic‐Bond Cross‐Linked Hydrogel for Highly Efficient Infected Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Yao Shasha , Zhao Yueqi , Xu Yifei , Jin Biao , Wang Monian , Yu Congcong , Guo Zhengxi , Jiang Shengnan , Tang Ruikang , Fang Xiangqian , Fan Shunwu
Published: May 2022

Diabetic wound is a significant challenge for clinical treatment with high morbidity and mortality. Plenty of hydrogels with good biocompatibility have been widely used in diabetic wound healing. However, most of them cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the wounds, which prolongs the regeneration time. Here a new type of healing hydrogel is developed that is based on histidine, a natural dietary essential amino acid that is significant for tissue formation. The amino acid is cross‐linked with zinc ions (Zn2+) and sodium alginate (SA) via dynamic coordinate and hydrogen bonds, respectively, forming a histidine‐SA‐Zn2+ (HSZH) hydrogel with good injectable, adhesive, biocompatible, and antibacterial properties. Application of this dual‐dynamic‐bond cross‐linked HSZH hydrogel accelerates the migration and angiogenesis of skin‐related cells in vitro. Furthermore, it significantly promotes the healing of infected diabetic wounds in vivo and uniquely allows a full repair of wounds within ≈13 days, while ≈27 days are required for the healing process of the control group. This work provides a new strategy for designing wound dressing materials, that weakly cross‐linked material based on tissue‐friendly micromolecules can heal the wounds more efficiently than highly cross‐linked materials based on long‐chain polymers.
Acid‐Responsive Nanoporphyrin Evolution for Near‐Infrared Fluorescence‐Guided Photo‐Ablation of Biofilm
Authors: Yang Mengyao , Özdemir Zulal , Kim Heejeong , Nah Sanghee , Andris Erik , Li Xingshu , Wimmer Zdeněk , Yoon Juyoung
Published: May 2022

Combating biofilm infections remains a challenge due to the shield and acidic conditions. Herein, an acid‐responsive nanoporphyrin (PN3‐NP) based on the self‐assembly of a water‐soluble porphyrin derivative (PN3) is constructed. Additional kinetic control sites formed by the conjugation of the spermine molecules to a porphyrin macrocycle make PN3 self‐assemble into stable nanoparticles (PN3‐NP) in the physiological environment. Noteworthily, near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence monitoring and synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) effects of PN3‐NP can be triggered by the acidity in biofilms, accompanied by intelligent transformation into dot‐like nanospheres. Thus, damage to normal tissue is effectively avoided and accurate diagnosis and treatment of biofilms is achieved successfully. The good results of fluorescence imaging‐guided photo‐ablation of antibiotic‐resistant strains methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms verify that PN3‐NP is a promising alternative to antibiotics. Meanwhile, this strategy also opens new horizons to engineer smart nano‐photosensitizer for accurate diagnosis and treatment of biofilms.
Catalytic Mechanism of Oxygen Vacancies in Perovskite Oxides for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Hou Wenshuo , Feng Pingli , Guo Xin , Wang Zhenhua , Bai Zhe , Bai Yu , Wang Guoxiu , Sun Kening
Published: May 2022

Defective materials have been demonstrated to possess adsorptive and catalytic properties in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, which can effectively solve the problems of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle and sluggish conversion kinetics during charging and discharging of Li–S batteries. However, there is still a lack of research on the quantitative relationship between the defect concentration and the adsorptive‐catalytic performance of the electrode. In this work, perovskites Sr0.9Ti1−xMnxO3−δ (STMnx) (x = 0.1–0.3) with different oxygen‐vacancy concentrations are quantitatively regulated as research models. Through a series of tests of the adsorptive property and electrochemical performance, a quantitative relationship between oxygen‐vacancy concentration and adsorptive‐catalytic properties is established. Furthermore, the catalytic mechanism of oxygen vacancies in Li–S batteries is investigated using density functional theory calculations and in situ experiments. The increased oxygen vacancies can effectively increase the binding energy between perovskite and LiPSs, reduce the energy barrier of LiPSs decomposition reaction, and promote LiPSs conversion reaction kinetics. Therefore, the perovskite STMn0.3 with high oxygen‐vacancy concentrations exhibits excellent LiPSs adsorptive and catalytic properties, realizing high‐efficiency Li–S batteries. This work is helpful to realize the application of the quantitative regulation strategy of defect engineering in Li–S batteries.
Ni–Co Bimetallic Hydroxide Nanosheet Arrays Anchored on Graphene for Adsorption‐Induced Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Chen Dongyun , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Lu Jianmei
Published: May 2022

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction can be implemented to use CO2, a greenhouse gas, as a resource in an energy‐saving and environmentally friendly way, in which suitable catalytic materials are required to achieve high‐efficiency catalysis. Insufficient accessible active sites on the catalyst surface and inhibited electron transfer severely limit the photocatalytic performance. Therefore, porous aerogels are constructed from composites comprising different ratios of Ni–Co bimetallic hydroxide (NixCoy) grown on reduced graphene oxide (GR) into a hierarchical nanosheet‐array structure using a facile in situ growth method. Detailed characterization shows that this structure exposes numerous active sites for enhanced adsorption‐induced photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Moreover, under the synergistic effect of Ni–Co bimetallic hydroxide, the CO2 adsorption capacity as well as charge‐carrier separation and transfer are excellent. As a result, the Ni7Co3–GR catalyst exhibits highly improved catalytic performance when compared with recently reported values, with a high CO release rate of 941.5 µmol h−1 g−1 and a selectivity of 96.3% during the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. This work demonstrates a new strategy for designing nanocomposites with abundant active sites structures.
N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehydes under Continuous Flow Conditions
Authors: Nagy Bence S. , Kappe C. Oliver , Ötvös Sándor B.
Published: May 2022

The efficacy of synthetic methodologies is based not only on potent chemistries but also on processing strategies that amplify reaction performance and overall safety. The N‐hydroxyphtalimide‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of aldehydes is an environmentally reliable and inexpensive approach for the synthesis of valuable carboxylic acids. However, the reaction may lead to the accumulation of significant amounts of peracid in crude product mixtures thereby generating a considerable safety hazard. Also, in the case of deactivated substrates, long reaction times, high catalyst loading, and stoichiometric additives are required to promote oxidation. Therefore, we developed a flow chemistry‐based process for N‐hydroxyphtalimide‐catalyzed aldehyde oxidations and exploited its benefits to minimize peracid buildup, thereby enhancing the process safety. By performing the aerobic oxidation of aldehydes under continuous flow conditions, chemically intensified and scalable carboxylic acid formation was obtained even in the reactions of deactivated substrates. Our findings are presented herein.

magnified image
Tartramide Ligands for Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation at Room Temperature
Authors: Ma Xuerui , Davies Robert P.
Published: May 2022

Readily accessible tartramide ligands have been demonstrated to promote copper‐catalysed N‐arylation under mild conditions. In addition, the coupling protocol employs cheap and readily available pre‐catalyst, ligand, and base (NaOH), and overcomes many current limitations often associated with Ullmann coupling: it can be run with low catalyst loadings, does not require the use of excess amine, operates at room temperature, is fully homogeneous, and displays improved tolerance to air and moisture. Detailed kinetic studies using reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) methods have provided insight into the factors influencing the reaction rate in terms of impact of ligand structure, reactant/catalyst dependence and catalyst (in)stability. These kinetic insights have been used in a quality‐by‐design approach for further optimization of the reaction protocol. The reaction scope was extended to 22 examples, showing broad applicability for a wide range of substituted aryl iodides with both primary and secondary amines.

magnified image
Hybrid breeding and cultivar diversity in rice production in China
Authors: Huang Min
Published: May 2022

This study determined the effect of hybrid breeding on cultivar diversity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in China. The results showed that hybrid breeding led to increases in the Shannon index of cultivar diversity by 29–184% during the period 2011–2015 compared with the period 1986–1990 for 10 major hybrid rice‐producing provinces in China. There was a significant exponential relationship between the Shannon index of cultivar diversity and the number of hybrid cultivars and the total number of cultivars across the 10 provinces and the two 5‐yr periods. The results of this study also demonstrate that hybrid rice breeding resulted in a cultivar diversity that came close to saturation in some provinces, such as Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Sichuan, and highlight the urgent need for a reconsideration of the development of hybrid rice industrialization in China to avoid wasting resources caused by overbreeding.
3D Binder‐free Integrated Electrodes Prepared by Phase Separation and Laser Induction (PSLI) Method for Oxygen Electrocatalysis and Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Sha Yang , Peng Yudong , Huang Kun , Li Lin , Liu Zhu
Published: May 2022

Developing facile approaches to fit in large‐scale fabrication of efficient and durable catalytic electrodes is highly desirable for oxygen electrocatalysis and metal–air batteries. Herein, a strategy based on phase separation and laser induction is proposed to prepare 3D binder‐free integrated electrodes (IEs). The phase separation between a polybenzimidazole (PBI) solution and a coagulation bath containing metal precursors occurs to form a 3D interconnected porous catalyst precursor layer. After drying, IEs are obtained by laser induction, which simultaneously converts PBI into hierarchically porous laser‐induced graphene (HPLIG) and reduces metal precursor to tiny nanoparticles. To demonstrate the versatility of this method, IEs with different HPLIG hybrid catalyst layers and substrates are fabricated. IE‐NiFe/HPLIG and IE‐Co/HPLIG using carbon paper as a substrate exhibit superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance respectively. Flexible IE‐NiCoFe/HPLIG with OER and ORR bifunctionality using carbon cloth as the substrate is applied as an air cathode in rechargeable aqueous Zinc–air batteries (ZABs) and provides a satisfactory power density of 163 mW cm−2and cycling stability of 1800 h at 10 mA cm−2. The electrode also endows solid ZABs with good flexibility. This work offers an industrially viable solution to the challenge of rapid fabrication of IEs.
Enzyme‐Catalyzed Meinwald Rearrangement with an Unusual Regioselective and Stereospecific 1,2‐Methyl Shift
Authors: Xin Ruipu , See Willy W. L. , Yun Hui , Li Xirui , Li Zhi
Published: May 2022

The Meinwald rearrangement is a synthetically useful reaction but often lacks regioselectivity and stereocontrol. A significant challenge in the Meinwald rearrangement of internal epoxides is the non‐regioselective migration of different substituents to give a mixture of products. Herein, an enzyme‐catalyzed regioselective and stereospecific 1,2‐methyl shift in the Meinwald rearrangement of internal epoxides is reported. Styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) catalyzed the unique isomerization of internal epoxides through 1,2‐methyl shift without 1,2‐hydride shift to give the corresponding aldehydes and a cyclic ketone as the sole product. SOI‐catalyzed isomerization showed high stereospecificity, fully retaining the stereoconfiguration. The synthetic utility of this enzymatic Meinwald rearrangement was demonstrated by its incorporation into three new types of enantioselective cascades, to convert trans‐β‐methyl styrenes into the corresponding R‐configured alcohols, acids, or amines in high ee and yield.
Selective Stepwise Arylation of Unprotected Peptides by PtIV Complexes
Authors: Lin Xiaoxi , Haimov Elvira , Redko Boris , Vigalok Arkadi
Published: May 2022

LPtIVF(Aryl) complexes bearing a bulky bidentate 2‐[bis(adamant‐1‐yl)phosphino]phenoxide ligand (L) demonstrate excellent reactivity and selectivity in the arylation of X−H (X=S, N) bonds of amino acid residues in unprotected peptides under mild, including aqueous, conditions. Stepwise addition of these complexes allowed a convenient one‐pot introduction of different aromatic groups in the X−H bonds of Cys and N terminus. PtIV reagents can also be used to further arylate N−H bonds in Lys and Trp providing access to peptides bearing multiple aromatic groups.
Production of C3–C6 Acetate Esters via CO Electroreduction in a Membrane Electrode Assembly Cell
Authors: Zhou Yansong , Ganganahalli Ramesha , Verma Sumit , Tan Hui Ru , Yeo Boon Siang
Published: May 2022

Electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction has been previously reported to yield a range of carbonaceous products including alcohols, hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids. However, esters, an important family of organic compounds, have not been formed. Herein, we report the electrosynthesis of C3 to C6 acetate esters (H3C−(C=O)−O−R) from carbon monoxide using copper catalysts in a membrane electrode assembly cell. Ethyl acetate and propyl acetate could be produced with an unprecedented total Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ∼22 % and with a current density of up to −55 mA cm−2, alongside minor quantities of methyl acetate and butyl acetate. The esters are produced via the addition reaction of ethenone (H2C=C=O) and alcohols produced during CO reduction. We show that the near water‐free reaction conditions and the high local pH play key roles in the formation of the esters.
Effect of high oleic soybean oil oleogels on the properties of doughs and corresponding bakery products
Authors: Zhao Muxin , Rao Jiajia , Chen Bingcan
Published: May 2022

Oleogel has been used to replace or reduce solid fat content in various high‐fat products. The performance of oleogels in final bakery products has been widely demonstrated but the effects of oleogels on dough qualities are still rarely informed. In this study, two different oleogels were prepared by mixing expeller pressed high oleic soybean oil (EPHOSO) with either monoacylglycerol (MAG) or rice bran wax (RBX) at a concentration of 10 wt%, and were then used to replace shortening in both bread and cracker formula. The effects of oleogel type on the quality of bread and cracker doughs and the corresponding baked products were investigated. Rapid visco analysis implied that both bread and cracker doughs made with MAG oleogel yielded longer peak time and higher pasting temperature, indicating the potential of delaying the gelatinization. Farinograph and rheological measurements suggested that replacing shortening with MAG and RBX oleogels did not significantly change the dough property. With regard to the baked bread, both MAG and RBX oleogels retained the quality of bread similar as that prepared by shortening. In addition, MAG oleogel exhibited softening effect on bread crumb. Similarly, oleogels could create crackers with comparable quality when compared to shortening. Among the two oleogels, MAG oleogel also reduced the hardness of the baked crackers. Overall, the present study has provided evidence that EPHOSO based oleogel possesses a high potential to replace shortening without diminishing the quality of both bakery doughs and the final bakery products.
Has recentralisation improved equality? Primary care infrastructure development in China
Authors: Tan Xiao , Yu Lei
Published: May 2022

Since the early 2000s, the Chinese Government has undertaken a series of recentralisation efforts. In social policy areas, such efforts are targeted at greater equalisation and inclusiveness. These developments raise a critical question: has recentralisation improved equality? This study explores this question through the lens of primary care infrastructure development, an essential aspect of healthcare reforms that has received limited attention in the academic literature. Based on an analysis of health yearbooks (2004–2016), other government documents and fieldwork interviews, we find that, despite recentralisation efforts, the financing for primary care infrastructure development has remained highly decentralised. Provincial governments act as important intermediaries, reflected by their discretionary power in managing central targets and fundraising behaviour to leverage available resources for outcomes that align with local priorities. Despite an overall capacity increase in primary care infrastructure, significant inequality has remained, which contradicts the central governmentʼs intent to improve equality through recentralisation.
Restored kelp facilitates lobster recruitment but not other mid‐trophic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Shelamoff Victor , Layton Cayne , Tatsumi Masayuki , Cameron Matthew J. , Wright Jeffrey T. , Johnson Craig R.
Published: May 2022

The patch dynamics of foundation species profoundly affects community assembly and thus has important implications for ecosystem restoration. However, it is unclear how restored kelp patches that vary in size and density will influence the establishment of mid‐trophic level (MTL) macroinvertebrates, a key functional group in coastal ecosystems.

Artificial reefs with transplants of the canopy‐forming kelp, Ecklonia radiata, were used to quantify the effect of patch size and kelp density on the densities of MTL macroinvertebrates (primarily decapod crustaceans) and on the recruitment of an ecologically important and commercially valuable lobster species.

Densities of MTL macroinvertebrates, which were dominated by hermit crabs, decreased with increasing patch size but responded inconsistently to kelp density. There was, however, an overall positive relationship between MTL macroinvertebrates and the density of small epifaunal grazers (a potential food source), along with a negative association with cover of understorey foliose algae.

In contrast, the total abundance and density of lobster recruits was higher on larger reefs, and reefs with kelp had up to double the number of recruits relative to reefs with no kelp. After 12 months, most of the surviving lobster recruits occurred on reefs supporting low and medium densities of kelp.

These results show that patchy reef substratum is effective in supporting high densities of some MTL macroinvertebrates, irrespective of kelp presence. Although conversely, larger reefs with restored kelp at natural – or even relatively low – densities appear critical to the recruitment of lobsters, which could motivate and provide positive feedback for kelp restoration projects in some locations.

Patch dynamics may be used to support restoration efforts by helping to accelerate the recovery of key species and ecosystem services; however, trade‐offs will exist through different taxa responding to patch characteristics in different ways, some positive and some negative.
Complete mitochondrial genome analysis and molecular phylogenetic implications of Kennelia xylinana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Yang Wenxu , Dong Ruiqin , Song Xueling , Yu Haili
Published: May 2022

Kennelia is a small genus in Tortricidae that is distributed in the Oriental and Palaearctic regions, and its taxonomic position within the subfamily Olethreutinae is controversial. For a comprehensive understanding of the genus, we sequenced the mitogenome of Kennelia xylinana, the type species of Kennelia, and Ancylis unculana, a species of Enarmoniini; analyzed the mitogenome characteristics of K. xylinana; and explored its phylogenetic position. Similar to other members of Lepidoptera, the mitogenome of K. xylinana is 15,762‐bp long and consists of 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a noncoding control region. In particular, we found a structure (TATAATTAATAA)11 in the middle of the AT‐rich region. Based on the Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of the 13 PCGs of 40 tortricid species, representing 8 tribes of 2 subfamilies, K. xylinana was clustered with two members of Enarmoniini, A. unculana and Loboschiza koenigiana, and formed highly supported monophyly. The results indicate that Kennelia should be placed in the tribe Enarmoniini.
Recent Progress on Organic Electrode Materials for Multivalent (Zn, Al, Mg, Ca) Secondary Batteries
Authors: Ding Chaojian , Li Chaobo , Tian Hao , Tong Yifan , Huang Weiwei , Zhang Qichun
Published: May 2022

Multivalent secondary batteries (MSBs) have attracted great attention in view of their rich resources, low cost, and high safety. However, its development and application are still plagued by electrode materials. With their renewable and highly adjustable structures, organic electrode materials (OEMs) have several advantages over traditional inorganic electrode materials (IEMs), which has become the current research hotspot of electrode materials for MSBs. In this review, we present the recent developments in OEMs used for secondary batteries, including carbonyl compounds, imine compounds, conductive polymers, covalent organic frameworks, organic cyanides, organosulfur polymers and so on. An overview of the structural characteristics, energy storage mechanism, and electrochemical performance of OEMs in MSBs is given. Furthermore, to reveal the reasons for the high performance of the preponderant organic electrode materials, the relationships between material structures, electrolyte system, and battery properties are discussed in detail. Finally, we hope that this review could provide a fundamental guide to developing and designing high‐performance MSBs in the future.
The Action of the Pulsed Electric Field of the Subnanosecond Range on Human Tumor Cells
Authors: Petrov Aleksey A. , Moraleva Anastasiya A. , Antipova Nadezhda V. , Amirov Ravil Kh. , Samoylov Igor S. , Savinov Sergey Y.
Published: May 2022

The action of the pulsed electric field of the subnanosecond range on Jurkat, HEK 293, and U‐87 MG human cell lines was studied. The cells were treated in a waveguide in 0.18 ml electrodeless Teflon cuvettes. The electric field strength in the cell culture medium was ~2 kV/cm, the pulse duration was ~1 ns, the leading edge was 150 ps, the frequency was 100 Hz, and the treatment time was 5 min. According to estimates, the change of the transmembrane potential during the pulse was ~20 mV and we assume that it was insufficient for electroporation. Jurkat and HEK 293 cells appeared to be more resistant to the treatment than U‐87 MG cells. We have observed that the impulses with the above‐mentioned parameters can cause a noticeable change in the mitochondrial activity of U‐87 MG cells. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Communities as conduits of harm: A social identity analysis of appraisal, coping and justice‐seeking in response to historic collective victimization
Authors: Këllezi Blerina , Wakefield Juliet R. H. , Bowe Mhairi , Livingstone Andrew , Guxholli Aurora
Published: May 2022

Social identity approach (SIA) research shows that community members often work together to support survivors of collective victimization and rectify social injustices. However, complexities arise when community members have been involved in perpetrating these injustices. While many communities are unaware of their role in fostering victimization, others actively deny their role and responsibility to restore justice. We explore these processes by investigating experiences of community violence and collective justice‐seeking among Albanian survivors of dictatorial crimes. Survivors (N = 27) were interviewed, and data were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis guided by the SIA. The analysis reveals the diverse ways communities can become harmful ‘Social Curses’. First, communities in their various forms became effective perpetrators of fear and control (e.g., exclusion and/or withholding ingroup privileges) during the dictatorship because of the close relationship between communities and their members. Second, communities caused harm by refusing to accept responsibility for the crimes, and by undermining attempts at collective action to address injustices. This lack of collective accountability also fosters survivors' feelings of exclusion and undermines their hope for systematic change. Implications for SIA processes relating to health/wellbeing (both Social Cure and Curse) are discussed. We also discuss implications for understanding collective action and victimhood.
Establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line from caudal fin of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Yadav Manoj K. , Rastogi Aakriti , Verma Dev K. , Paria Anutosh , Kushwaha Basdeo , Rathore Gaurav , Swaminathan T. Raja , Pradhan Pravata K. , Sood Neeraj
Published: May 2022

Labeo calbasu is an important food fish and candidate species for diversification of carp aquaculture. In the present study, we have established a continuous cell line, designated as L. calbasu fin (LCF), from caudal fin of L. calbasu using explant method. The cell line has been subcultured for over 73 passages and the LCF cells show optimal growth in Leibovitz's L‐15 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum at a temperature of 28°C. In karyotype analysis, the modal chromosome number of LCF cells at 35th passage was found to be 50. The amplification and sequencing of partial fragments of mitochondrial genes, namely 16S rRNA and COI from LCF cells confirmed the origin of cell line from L. calbasu. The LCF cells could be successfully transfected with GFP reporter gene, indicating suitability of these cells for expression of foreign genes. Further, following inoculation with supernatant from Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infected cell line, no cytopathic effects were observed in the LCF cells and cell pellet was negative for TiLV in RT‐PCR, indicating that LCF cells were not susceptible to TiLV. The developed cell line has been submitted to National Repository of Fish Cell Lines being maintained at ICAR‐National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow (accession no. NRFC063). The newly developed LCF cell line would be helpful in investigating diseases affecting this candidate species particularly the ones suspected to be of viral etiology, and for cytotoxicity and transgenic studies.
In situ Re‐construction of Pt Nanoparticles Interface for Highly Selective Synthesis of Primary Amines
Authors: Zhang Mingkai , Zou Yong , Zhang Sai , Qu Yongquan
Published: May 2022

Regulation of the catalyst interface by adsorbates has been demonstrated as an efficacious methodology to enhance the catalytic selectivity. Herein, we demonstrated an in situ modifications induced by reactants to re‐construct the local interface of Pt nanoparticles anchored on the CoFe layered double hydroxides (CoFe‐LDH) supports for a highly selective synthesis of primary amines from reductive amination of aldehydes and ammonia. The strong metal‐support interaction between Pt metals and CoFe‐LDH supports results in the highly electron‐enriched surface of Pt and thereby makes the surface of Pt nanoparticles favor the enrichment of NH4+ species and adsorption of NH3. Such a tailored interface can create an interfacial stereo‐hindrance effect and effectively slug the reaction kinetics of side‐reactions, further preventing the formation of side‐products. We anticipate that such an in situ re‐construction of metal interface by reactants and afterwards the constructed local environment of active sites may provide a new approach for the optimization of metal catalysts.
Highly Reversible Li‐Ion Full Batteries: Coupling Li‐Rich Li1.20Ni0.28Mn0.52O2 Microcube Cathodes with Carbon‐Decorated MnO Microcube Anodes
Authors: Kim Jong Guk , Noh Yuseong , Kim Youngmin
Published: May 2022

In this paper, Li‐rich Li1.20Ni0.28Mn0.52O2 (0.5Li2MnO3 ⋅ 0.5LiNi0.7Mn0.3O2) cathode and MnO coated with carbon anode materials derived from the MnCO3 microcubes were fabricated for the application to lithium‐ion full batteries. The Li‐rich Li1.20Ni0.28Mn0.52O2 microcubes were used in the cathode, and they exhibited a high capacity (250.3 mAh g−1), good cycle life, and outstanding rate capability. In addition, the carbon‐decorated MnO composite anode showed a high capacity (1063.1 mAh g−1), good capacity retention, and high kinetic properties, compared with bare MnO microcubes. Consequently, when the full Li‐ion battery consisted of porous Li‐rich Li1.20Ni0.28Mn0.52O2 cathode and MnO decorated with the carbon anode, it exhibited a high capacity of 149.2 mAh g−1. This improved charge/discharge performances suggests that this Li‐ion full battery with porous Li‐rich Li1.20Ni0.28Mn0.52O2 cathode and carbon‐decorated MnO anode could be perspective next‐generation Li+ storage systems.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Felt as an Electrode Material for Vanadium Flow Batteries
Authors: Qiao Lin , Fang Maolin , Guo Jiemin , Ma Xiangkun
Published: May 2022

Vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) are well suited for energy storage due to the attractive features of high safety and long cycle life. Electrodes are a key component of a VFB, directly affecting the energy efficiency and power density of the battery. However, the carbon felt electrode commonly used suffers from poor hydrophilicity and electrochemical activity. Herein, a simple ammonium sulfate hydrothermal method was presented to improve the electrochemical activity and hydrophilicity of carbon felt. In the design, hydrophilic nitrogen‐containing and oxygen‐containing functional groups were introduced in the hydrothermal process, in favor of optimizing the hydrophilicity of carbon felt. The doping of nitrogen with negative charge density and the increasing defects promoted the electrochemical reactions of vanadium ions. Furthermore, the effects of the experimental parameters on the performance of the carbon felt and the battery were carefully studied. As a result, the VFB with 90‐1 nitrogen‐doped carbon felt exhibited the best performance; the energy efficiency achieved 87.34 % at the current density of 80 mA/cm2, which was 3.91 % higher than that with the original one.
[2.2]‐ and [3.3]Paracyclophane as Bridging Units in Organic Dyads for Visible‐Light‐Driven Dye‐Sensitized Hydrogen Production
Authors: Watanabe Motonori , Ono Yuka , Ishihara Tatsumi , Chang Yuan Jay , Shibahara Masahiko
Published: May 2022

Novel donor–acceptor dyads containing [2.2]‐ and [3.3]paracyclophane (PCP) as the bridging moiety were synthesized and used to effectively fabricate dye‐sensitized hydrogen production systems. All the prepared compounds had a phenothiazine and a cyanoacrylic acid/pyridinyl acrylonitrile moiety acting as an electron donor and acceptor, respectively. Although cyclic voltammetry measurements showed similar electron‐donating properties among all the synthesized dyads, the lowest absorption energy of the [2.2]PCP moiety was lower than that of the [3.3]PCP one; this was due to its shorter distance between benzene rings, which could effectively drive the charge transfer between the donor and acceptor chromophores. Under visible light (>395 nm), a dyad‐loaded photocatalyst in a 0.5 M aqueous glycerol solution generated detectable hydrogen gases. The optimal turnover number and photocurrent order exhibited the same trend as the hydrogen production rate since the suggested number of excited photons played a critical role in hydrogen production.
Four‐Step Spin Crossover in a New Cyano‐Bridged Iron‐Silver Coordination Polymer
Authors: Kucheriv Olesia I. , Shylin Sergii I. , Sirenko Valerii Y. , Ksenofontov Vadim , Tremel Wolfgang , Dascălu Ioan‐Andrei , Shova Sergiu , Gural'skiy Il'ya A.
Published: May 2022

Spin‐crossover complexes with multistep transitions attract much attention due to their potential applications as multi‐switches and for data storage. A four‐step spin crossover is observed in the new iron(II)‐based cyanometallic guest‐free framework compound Fe(2‐ethoxypyrazine)2{Ag(CN)2}2 during the transition from the low‐spin to the high‐spin state. A reverse process occurs in three steps. Crystallographic studies reveal an associated stepwise evolution of the crystal structures. Multiple transitions in the reported complex originate from distinct FeII sites which exist due to the packing of the ligand with a bulky substituent.
Dihydroxy‐Acid Dehydratases From Pathogenic Bacteria: Emerging Drug Targets to Combat Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Bayaraa Tenuun , Gaete Jose , Sutiono Samuel , Kurz Julia , Lonhienne Thierry , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Bernhardt Paul V. , Sieber Volker , Guddat Luke , Schenk Gerhard
Published: May 2022

There is an urgent global need for the development of novel therapeutics to combat the rise of various antibiotic‐resistant superbugs. Enzymes of the branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis pathway are an attractive target for novel anti‐microbial drug development. Dihydroxy‐acid dehydratase (DHAD) is the third enzyme in the BCAA biosynthesis pathway. It relies on an Fe−S cluster for catalytic activity and has recently also gained attention as a catalyst in cell‐free enzyme cascades. Two types of Fe−S clusters have been identified in DHADs, i.e. [2Fe−2S] and [4Fe−4S], with the latter being more prone to degradation in the presence of oxygen. Here, we characterise two DHADs from bacterial human pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Campylobacter jejuni (SaDHAD and CjDHAD). Purified SaDHAD and CjDHAD are virtually inactive, but activity could be reversibly reconstituted in vitro (up to ∼19,000‐fold increase with kcat as high as ∼6.7 s−1). Inductively‐coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) measurements are consistent with the presence of [4Fe−4S] clusters in both enzymes. N‐isopropyloxalyl hydroxamate (IpOHA) and aspterric acid are both potent inhibitors for both SaDHAD (Ki=7.8 and 51.6 μM, respectively) and CjDHAD (Ki=32.9 and 35.1 μM, respectively). These compounds thus present suitable starting points for the development of novel anti‐microbial chemotherapeutics.
Gram‐scale synthesis of (S)‐1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethanol in high enantiomeric purity under Enterococcus faecium BY48 biocatalysts
Authors: Şahin Engin
Published: May 2022

Sulfur‐containing chiral heterocyclic secondary alcohols are relevant intermediates in the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds endowed with biological activity. In this report, we evaluated the reductive potential of different lactic acid bacteria as whole‐cell biocatalysts of the enantioselective reduction of 1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethanone (1). Enterococcus faecium BY48, isolated from boza, a cereal‐based fermented beverage, was found to be the best biocatalyst in our initial investigations. Using whole‐cell preparations of E. faecium BY48, we then systematically analyzed the reaction parameters (pH, incubation period, agitation speed, and temperature) to optimize the yield, the enantiomeric excess (e. e.), and the conversion leading to (S)‐1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethanol [(S)‐2]. The target derivative, which is a precursor in the synthesis of biologically active chiral compounds, was obtained in enantiomerically pure form, gram‐scale amounts, and high yield. This is also the first report that the manufacture of (S)‐2 in excellent conversion, yield, enantiopure form, and gram scale used whole‐cell biocatalyst. This whole‐cell E. faecium BY48 biocatalyzed reaction is a clean, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective process, representing a valuable alternative to chemical catalysis or previously reported biocatalytic procedures in the preparation of (S)‐2.
A look at current and potential treatment approaches for hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative early breast cancer
Authors: Harbeck Nadia , Burstein Harold J. , Hurvitz Sara A. , Johnston Stephen , Vidal Gregory A.
Published: May 2022

The heterogeneity of hormone receptor (HR)‐positive, HER2‐negative early breast cancers reinforces the importance of individualized, risk‐adapted treatment approaches. Numerous factors contribute to the risk for recurrence, including clinical tumor features, individual biomarkers, and genomic risk. Current standard approaches for patients with HR‐positive, HER2‐negative, early stage disease focus on endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. The specific treatment regimen and duration of adjuvant therapy should be selected based on accurate risk assessment, tolerability of available therapies, and consideration for patient preferences. For patients with high‐risk features, such as highly proliferative tumors, large tumor size, and significant nodal involvement, the risk for recurrence remains clinically significant despite appropriate adjuvant treatment with current standards of care. This has driven investigation into novel treatment approaches, including the addition of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors to adjuvant endocrine therapy. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibition has demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with high‐risk, HR‐positive, HER2‐negative, nonmetastatic breast cancer and now offers a new strategy to greatly improve outcomes in this difficult to treat patient population.;

LAY SUMMARY

Hormone receptor (HR)‐positive, HER2‐negative early breast cancers are highly diverse and need to be managed differently for individual patients.

The use of adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy should be driven by a patient's risk for recurrence, preferences, and risk for side effects.

Patients with high‐risk tumors have a persistently elevated risk for recurrence despite current standards of care.

Emerging cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors are highly effective when added to endocrine therapy in high‐risk, HR‐positive early breast cancer and have the potential to improve patient outcomes in this difficult to treat patient population.
An atlas of the developing Tribolium castaneum brain reveals conservation in anatomy and divergence in timing to Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Farnworth Max S. , Bucher Gregor , Hartenstein Volker
Published: May 2022

Insect brains are formed by conserved sets of neural lineages whose fibers form cohesive bundles with characteristic projection patterns. Within the brain neuropil, these bundles establish a system of fascicles constituting the macrocircuitry of the brain. The overall architecture of the neuropils and the macrocircuitry appear to be conserved. However, variation is observed, for example, in size, shape, and timing of development. Unfortunately, the developmental and genetic basis of this variation is poorly understood, although the rise of new genetically tractable model organisms such as the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum allows the possibility to gain mechanistic insights. To facilitate such work, we present an atlas of the developing brain of T. castaneum, covering the first larval instar, the prepupal stage, and the adult, by combining wholemount immunohistochemical labeling of fiber bundles (acetylated tubulin) and neuropils (synapsin) with digital 3D reconstruction using the TrakEM2 software package. Upon comparing this anatomical dataset with the published work in Drosophila melanogaster, we confirm an overall high degree of conservation. Fiber tracts and neuropil fascicles, which can be visualized by global neuronal antibodies like antiacetylated tubulin in all invertebrate brains, create a rich anatomical framework to which individual neurons or other regions of interest can be referred to. The framework of a largely conserved pattern allowed us to describe differences between the two species with respect to parameters such as timing of neuron proliferation and maturation. These features likely reflect adaptive changes in developmental timing that govern the change from larval to adult brain.
FSOA‐DNFNet: Incremental indexing and image classification using hybrid optimization‐based deep neuro Fuzzy network
Authors: Nadendla Hanumantha Rao , Srikrishna Atluri , Rao Kancherla Gangadhara
Published: May 2022

The rapid evolution and tremendous growth of internet has provided massive growth of unstructured data that leads to a complexity while retrieving dynamic data effectively. The rapid growth in data volume has imposed many challenging constraints, such as necessity to retrieve data completely even if newly arrived samples are occurred and storing of huge volume of data. This has paved a way for concentrating more on incremental learning that functions on information streams. To speed up retrieval, clustering methods and indexes are utilized and periodic updating of clusters is very substantial because of dynamic nature of databases. Moreover, the standard of clustering techniques purely based on data representation techniques, in which traditional methods faced problems like dimensionality explosion and sparsity. To address such limitations, an effectual strategy is developed for incremental indexing and image classification using proposed Feedback Social Optimization Algorithm (FSOA). The image classification is effectively carried out using Deep neuro fuzzy optimizer and it is trained by employing the proposed FSOA and newly FSOA is derived by the integration of Feedback Artificial Tree (FAT) Algorithm and Social Optimization Algorithm (SOA). Moreover, the proposed FSOA has achieved the maximum clustering accuracy of 93.382, the maximum testing accuracy of 94.4, the maximum sensitivity of 91.892, and the maximum specificity of 96.058.
Activation‐Induced Surface Modulation of Biowaste‐Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon for Supercapacitors
Authors: Sharma Pratigya , Singh Deobrat , Minakshi Manickam , Quadsia Saleha , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: May 2022

Wheat straw‐derived carbon from the Wheatbelt region in Western Australia was subjected to chemical activation in an electrolyte containing either acid or base treatment. The findings showed an increase in electron/hole mobility towards the interfaces due to the presence of different surface functional groups such as C−SOx−C and S=C in the carbon framework for acid activation. Likewise, the galvanostatic capacitance measured at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 in a three‐electrode configuration for acid‐activated wheat straw exhibited 162 F g−1, while that for base‐activated wheat straw exhibited 106 F g−1. An increase of 34.5 % more capacitance was achieved for acid‐treated wheat straw. This improvement is attributed to the synergistic effects between surface functional groups and electrolyte ions, as well as the electronic structure of the porous electrode.
Environmental sustainability orientation and corporate social responsibility influence on environmental performance of small and medium enterprises: The mediating effect of green capability
Authors: Rehman Shafique Ur , Bresciani Stefano , Yahiaoui Dorra , Giacosa Elisa
Published: May 2022

Despite the increasing research to determine the influence of environmental sustainability orientation (ESO) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on environmental performance, our understanding is to see the mediating effect of green capability between ESO, CSR, and environmental performance is lacking. Data were collected by using survey questionnaires from top management of the construction and manufacturing industry in Malaysia. A total of 377 questionnaires become part of the final analysis. The researchers used SmartPLS 3.2.8 and SPSS 25.0 for analysis. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was followed to determine the variables validity and path relationships. The findings elucidate that ESO and green capability are significantly associated with environmental performance. In contrast, CSR has no direct influence on environmental performance. Moreover, ESO and CSR significantly influence green capability. Green capability mediates between ESO, CSR, and environmental performance.