bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of tooth wear, age and sex on facial height assessed by soft tissue analysis
Authors: Levartovsky Shifra , Aharonov Olisya , Emodi Perlman Alona , Winocur Ephraim , Sarig Rachel
Published: November 2019

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of tooth wear, age and sex on facial height measurements based on soft tissue analysis.

Methods

One hundred and twelve subjects (45 males and 67 females), 19‐80 years of age (mean 43 ± 0.9 years), which were divided into three age groups, met the inclusion criteria. Tooth wear was assessed using a 5‐point ordinal scale (0‐4). Based on the tooth wear score, three groups were defined: mild, moderate and severe wear. Facial height was evaluated based on soft tissue measurements using frontal facial photographs. The dimension of the upper facial height (UFH) and lower facial height (LFH) and the ratio between the two (R‐U‐L) were measured.

Results

Facial height dimensions (UFH, LFH) were significantly different between the three age groups and between the three tooth wear groups. Both the UFH and LFH measurements had a weak positive correlation with age (r = .40; r = .41, respectively) and with tooth wear (r = .40; r = .41, respectively). The R‐U‐L showed a significant difference (P < .001) between sexes as males showed slightly lower ratio compared with females; however, the R‐U‐L was not dependent upon age or tooth wear.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that although facial height is affected by age and tooth wear, the proportion between the upper to lower facial segments is constant and is not affected by the same parameters. A statistically significant difference in the R‐U‐L relative to sexes was noted.
Open space preservation in an urbanization context
Authors: Régnier Camille
Published: November 2019

The objective of this paper is to address the question of open space preservation in an urbanization context. We study the possibility of preserving two different types of open spaces, namely, large open spaces at cities’ outskirts and small intraurban open spaces. Thus, we contribute to the debate of land sharing versus land sparing in an urban context. We analyze these questions by way of a theoretical microeconomic framework that takes into account both households’ preferences for open space and regulators’ interest in the preservation of natural habitat for biodiversity. We compare land use patterns at private equilibrium and when the social planner maximizes social welfare.
Follow‐up of children with infection‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome 1979–1995: Would eculizumab have improved prognosis?
Authors: Aldridge Melanie , Burke John
Published: November 2019

The late outcome in 55 children with infection‐mediated haemolytic uremic syndrome (Shiga Toxin E Coli (STEC)‐HUS and pneumococcal HUS) observed in 1979–1995 was followed up 23 years after disease onset. Of these, two were later confirmed to have atypical HUS (aHUS). Furthermore, of this population, five children had impaired kidney function at 3‐months follow‐up, which continued to deteriorate. These children had significant oliguria/anuria and hypertension during their illness requiring early dialysis and antihypertensive therapy. At 23 years post‐disease onset, all five (100%) of these children have developed end‐stage kidney disease or chronic kidney disease. Eculizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to the C5 protein of the complement pathway, a major component of the pathophysiology of infection‐mediated HUS. There are no long‐term randomised controlled trials in the literature to support its use in such cases. Our 23‐year follow‐up of a population of severely affected children with infection‐mediated HUS demonstrates a high percentage of chronic kidney disease and end‐stage kidney disease (19%). Randomised controlled trials with eculizumab are now being conducted in this affected cohort.
Chronic school absenteeism as a diagnostic clue for paediatricians
Authors: Cozzi Giorgio , Barbi Egidio
Published: November 2019

Chronic school absenteeism is a relatively common problem in childhood and adolescence, and paediatricians should be aware of the causes, implications, and possible consequences of this behaviour. Most children, who consistently miss school, remain at home with the awareness of their parents, reporting some medical causes for their behaviour. Therefore, paediatricians should learn to use chronic school absenteeism as a diagnostic clue, to appropriately address children and adolescents with this behaviour and their families.
Urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin to diagnose and characterize acute kidney injury in dogs
Authors: Monari Erika , Troìa Roberta , Magna Luca , Gruarin Marta , Grisetti Chiara , Fernandez Mercedes , Balboni Andrea , Giunti Massimo , Dondi Francesco
Published: November 2019

Background

Urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a promising biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs.

Objectives

To evaluate the utility of urinary NGAL for characterizing AKI according to volume responsiveness, presence of inflammation and sepsis, and prognosis.

Animals

Dogs with AKI (n = 76) and healthy controls (n = 10).

Methods

Prospective study. Clinical and clinicopathologic data including absolute urine NGAL concentration (uNGAL) and NGAL normalized to urine creatinine concentration (uNGALC) were measured upon admission. Dogs were graded according to International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) AKI guidelines and compared based on AKI features: volume‐responsive (VR‐) AKI vs. intrinsic (I‐) AKI based on IRIS criteria; VR‐AKI and I‐AKI based on urine chemistry; inflammatory versus noninflammatory; septic versus nonseptic; and survivors versus nonsurvivors. Nonparametric statistics were calculated, and significance set at P < .05.

Results

Urinary NGAL was significantly higher in dogs with AKI compared to controls, regardless of AKI grade. Urinary NGAL did not differ between dogs with VR‐AKI and I‐AKI based on IRIS criteria, whereas higher uNGALC was recorded in dogs with I‐AKI based on urine chemistry. Urinary NGAL was significantly higher in dogs with inflammatory AKI, whereas no difference with respect to sepsis or outcome was identified.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Urinary NGAL is a sensitive marker for AKI in dogs, but its specificity is affected by systemic inflammation. Increased urinary NGAL in both I‐AKI and VR‐AKI also suggests the presence of tubular damage in transient AKI. Combining urine chemistry data with IRIS criteria could facilitate AKI characterization in dogs.
Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) after single intravenous and intramuscular administration
Authors: Raweewan Natsuda , Laovechprasit Weerapong , Giorgi Mario , Chomcheun Thanaphan , Klangkaew Narumol , Imsilp Kanjana , Poapolathep Amnart , Poapolathep Saranya
Published: November 2019

To the best of our knowledge, limited pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans is available for Hawksbill turtles. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic features of tolfenamic acid (TA) in Hawksbill turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, after single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at dosage 4 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The study (parallel design) used 10 Hawksbill turtles randomly divided into equal groups. Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 144 hr. The concentrations of TA in plasma were quantified by a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS). The concentration of TA in the experimental turtles with respect to time was pharmacokinetically analyzed using a noncompartment model. The Cmax values of TA were 89.33 ± 6.99 µg/ml following i.m. administration. The elimination half‐life values were 38.92 ± 6.31 hr and 41.09 ± 9.32 hr after i.v. and i.m. administration, respectively. The absolute i.m. bioavailability was 94.46%, and the average binding percentage of TA to plasma protein was 31.39%. TA demonstrated a long half‐life and high bioavailability following i.m. administration. Therefore, the i.m. administration is recommended for use in clinical practice because it is both easier to perform and provides similar plasma concentrations to the i.v. administration. However, further studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of TA for treatment of inflammatory disease after single and multiple dosages.
Atrial fibrillation in hospitalized patients with end‐stage liver disease: temporal trends in prevalence and outcomes
Authors: Han Hedong , Qin Yingyi , Yu Yamei , Wei Xin , Guo Honglei , Ruan Yiming , Cao Yang , He Jia
Published: November 2019

Background & Aims

End‐stage liver disease (ESLD) happens due to the development and progression of chronic liver disease. This study aims to investigate the temporal trend, patient characteristics and outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) in hospitalized ESLD patients across the United States.

Methods

Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2003 to 2014 was utilized to retrospectively study the weighted prevalence of AF in hospitalized ESLD patients. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association between AF with clinical factors, in‐hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS) and cost.

Results

639 345 hospitalizations associated with ESLD were identified, of which 47 710 (7.48%) were diagnosed with AF. The prevalence of AF increased from 5.73% in 2003 to 9.75% in 2014 in ESLD and varied by age, race, income, insurance type and hospital characteristics. Factors associated with AF included advancing age, male, white race, high income and urban teaching hospital. AF presence was associated with significant higher in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.35‐1.45), 21% longer LOS and 22% higher cost. In addition, a significant decreasing trend in in‐hospital mortality was observed (from 16.70% to 10.63% in patients with AF and from 10.74% to 7.50% in patients without AF).

Conclusions

The prevalence of AF in hospitalized ESLD patients has continued to increase from 2003 through 2014. AF is associated with poor prognosis and higher health resource utilization. Innovative anticoagulation strategies through improved collaboration between cardiologists and hepatologists are required for better management of hospitalized ESLD patients comorbid with AF.
[18F]‐Fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐galactose positron emission tomography/computed tomography as complementary imaging tool in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bak‐Fredslund Kirstine P. , Keiding Susanne , Villadsen Gerda E. , Kramer Stine , Schlander Sven , Sørensen Michael
Published: November 2019

Background & Aims

Positron emission tomography (PET) with the liver‐specific tracer [18F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐galactose (18F‐FDGal) can be used for imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Curative intended and locoregional treatments of HCC require absence of extrahepatic disease. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether adding 18F‐FDGal PET/CT to standard work‐up changes the planned treatment in patients with HCC deemed suitable for curative or locoregional treatment.

Methods

Fifty patients with HCC were included at our tertiary liver centre. The primary study outcome was a change in treatment strategy. A subgroup of 29 patients was also examined with [18F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (18F‐FDG) PET/CT for comparison.

Results

18F‐FDGal PET/CT detected eight extrahepatic HCC metastases in six patients (12%), which were primarily not detected by ceCT or MRI. These findings led to a change in treatment in five patients (10%). One of the eight extrahepatic HCC foci was also detected by 18F‐FDG PET/CT. A total of 85 malignant intrahepatic foci were examined, 12 of these were new findings by 18F‐FDGal PET/CT which had a sensitivity of 71%, highest for large foci. None of the additional intrahepatic foci found by 18F‐FDGal PET changed the planned treatment.

Conclusions

For the detection of extrahepatic HCC metastases, 18F‐FDGal PET/CT was superior both to standard clinical work‐up with contrast‐enhanced CT, and/or MRI, and to 18F‐FDG PET/CT in patients deemed suitable for locoregional treatment. 18F‐FDGal PET/CT led to a change in the planned treatment in 10% of the patients whereas 18F‐FDG PET/CT did not change the planned treatment in any patient.
The power of cooperation: Experimental and computational approaches in the functional characterization of bacterial sRNAs
Authors: Georg Jens , Lalaouna David , Hou Shengwei , Lott Steffen C. , Caldelari Isabelle , Marzi Stefano , Hess Wolfgang R. , Romby Pascale
Published: November 2019

Trans‐acting small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are key players in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria. There are hundreds of different sRNAs in a typical bacterium, which in contrast to eukaryotic microRNAs are more heterogeneous in length, sequence composition, and secondary structure. The vast majority of sRNAs function post‐transcriptionally by binding to other RNAs (mRNAs, sRNAs) through rather short regions of imperfect sequence complementarity. Besides, every single sRNA may interact with dozens of different target RNAs and impact gene expression either negatively or positively. These facts contributed to the view that the entirety of the regulatory targets of a given sRNA, its targetome, is challenging to identify. However, recent developments show that a more comprehensive sRNAs targetome can be achieved through the combination of experimental and computational approaches. Here, we give a short introduction into these methods followed by a description of two sRNAs, RyhB, and RsaA, to illustrate the particular strengths and weaknesses of these approaches in more details. RyhB is an sRNA involved in iron homeostasis in Enterobacteriaceae, while RsaA is a modulator of virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. Using such a combined strategy, a better appreciation of the sRNA‐dependent regulatory networks is now attainable.
Off‐period status dystonicus in Parkinson’s disease treated with deep brain stimulation: A case report
Authors: Fujioka Hiroshi , Uozumi Takenori , Miyagi Yasushi , Urasaki Eiichirou
Published: November 2019

Although Parkinson's disease is often associated with dystonia, no previous reports have documented the progression to generalized status dystonicus. We encountered, to our best knowledge, the first case of off‐period dystonia in Parkinson's disease that developed into status dystonicus (or off‐period status dystonicus) and was completely managed with deep brain stimulation.
How grass keeps growing: an integrated analysis of hormonal crosstalk in the maize leaf growth zone
Authors: De Vos Dirk , Nelissen Hilde , AbdElgawad Hamada , Prinsen Els , Broeckhove Jan , Inzé Dirk , Beemster Gerrit T. S.
Published: November 2019

We studied the maize leaf to understand how long‐distance signals, auxin and cytokinin, control leaf growth dynamics.

We constructed a mathematical model describing the transport of these hormones along the leaf growth zone and their interaction with the local gibberellin (GA) metabolism in the control of cell division.

Assuming gradually declining auxin and cytokinin supply at the leaf base, the model generated spatiotemporal hormone distribution and growth patterns that matched experimental data. At the cellular level, the model predicted a basal leaf growth as a result of cell division driven by auxin and cytokinin. Superimposed on this, GA synthesis regulated growth through the control of the size of the region of active cell division. The predicted hormone and cell length distributions closely matched experimental data.

To correctly predict the leaf growth profiles and final organ size of lines with reduced or elevated GA production, the model required a signal proportional to the size of the emerged part of the leaf that inhibited the basal leaf growth driven by auxin and cytokinin. Excision and shading of the emerged part of the growing leaf allowed us to demonstrate that this signal exists and depends on the perception of light intensity.
Artificial pollen walls simulated by the tandem processes of phase separation and self‐assemblyin vitro
Authors: Gabarayeva Nina I. , Grigorjeva Valentina V. , Lavrentovich Maxim O.
Published: November 2019

Despite numerous attempts to elucidate the developmental mechanisms responsible for the observed diversity of pollen and spore walls, the processes involved remained obscure until the structures observed during exine development were recognized as a sequence of self‐assembling micellar mesophases. To confirm this, a series ofin vitroexperiments was undertaken in which exine‐like patterns were generated in colloidal mixtures by self‐assembly, without any genomic participation. The intention was to test whether all the main types of exine structure could be simulated experimentally.

Mixtures of substances, analogous to those involved in microspore development, were left undisturbed while water evaporated and self‐assembly occurred. We varied the substances, their combinations and concentrations, and the physical constraints to make the experiments closer to the situation in nature. The resulting dry films were then examined using transmission electron microscopy.

A variety of microstructures, simulating the full range of exine types, was obtained by micellar self‐assembly. Moreover, the signs of related physicochemical process (i.e. phase separation) were also observed.

Simple, energy‐efficient, physical–chemical interactions, phase separation and self‐assembly, are capable of generating exine‐like patterns, providing evidence that these processes share control of exine formation with the well‐documented program of gene expression.
Do analgesics used for the pain experienced after orthodontic procedures affect tooth movement rate? A systematic review based on animal studies
Authors: Kaklamanos Eleftherios G. , Makrygiannakis Miltiadis A. , Athanasiou Athanasios E.
Published: November 2019

Background

Using analgesics for a short period to relieve the pain following specific orthodontic procedures is common. Such medications may influence orthodontic tooth movement biochemical pathways; however, the information originating from human studies is limited.

Objectives

To systematically investigate current evidence from animal experiments on the effect of administering analgesics for a few days, which is consistent with usual clinical practice, on the speed of orthodontic tooth movement.

Search methods

Eight databases were searched without restrictions, and hand searching was conducted until June 2019.

Selection criteria

Animal controlled studies assessing the short‐term impact of analgesics that can be consumed for orthodontic pain on the speed of orthodontic tooth movement.

Data collection and analysis

Subsequent to retrieving relevant studies and information extraction, the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool was used for risk of bias assessment.

Results

Finally, seven studies were selected, and most of them were assessed at unclear risk of bias. Short‐term administration of acetaminophen did not affect significantly the speed of tooth movement, while ibuprofen and indomethacin were reported to decrease it. After administering acetylsalicylic acid and celecoxib, the noted effects were inconsistent. The quality of the available evidence for the animal setting was considered as moderate at most.

Conclusions

Consuming specific analgesics for a few days may influence the speed of orthodontic tooth movement in animals. Clinicians should be aware of the relevant implications and be capable to identify those substances that may not interfere with treatment processes.
On the path to citizenship
Authors: Cananau Iulian
Published: November 2019

This essay introduces a new approach to the history of protest literature, and to literary history writing in general. My case studies investigate three antebellum American works by women that express discontent with women’s condition: the “Declaration of Sentiments” of the Seneca Falls Convention (1848), Margaret Fuller’sWoman in the Nineteenth Century(1845), and Harriet Jacobs’sIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl(published in 1861, but written probably between 1852 and 1857). Drawing on Reinhart Koselleck’s theory and practice of conceptual history, the essay includes an analysis of the semantic field of citizenship in these works with an aim to explore the textual politics of their protest within the conceptual and ideological context of antebellum America.
Electrochemical Skin Conductance and Quantitative Sensory Testing on Fibromyalgia
Authors: Pickering Gisèle , Achard Alexanne , Corriger Alexandrine , Sickout‐Arondo Sophia , Macian Nicolas , Leray Vincent , Lucchini Camille , Cardot Jean‐Michel , Pereira Bruno
Published: November 2019

Background

An impairment of the peripheral nervous system has been suggested in fibromyalgia (FM). Noninvasive distal electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) has been studied little so far when combined with quantitative sensory testing (QST) in patients with FM.

Methods

This study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03347669) included 50 female patients with FM and 50 matched healthy volunteers (HVs). ESC (measured in microsiemens [µS] with Sudoscan), as well as psychological, quality of life, sleep, and social characteristics, were assessed in both groups. In a subgroup of 24 patients with FM and 24 HVs, QST of cold and warm detection and pain thresholds and diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNICs) were explored. Statistical analysis was performed for a 2‐sided type I error at 5%.

Results

Between patients with FM and HVs, ESC values differed (71.4 ± 11.2 µS vs. 74.4 ± 10.3 µS, respectively; P = 0.003), especially on the dominant hand (P = 0.03), where more patients with FM had ESC values < 66 µS than did HVs (P = 0.046). No difference was observed on feet. In patients with FM, all collected characteristics were impaired (P < 0.001), DNICs were less functional, detection thresholds occurred later, and pain thresholds occurred earlier. No correlation was observed between ESC and DNICs or with any parameter.

Conclusion

This study shows that the sudomotor function is significantly impaired in patients with FM, especially on the dominant hand. This occurs in parallel with adjustments of detection and pain thresholds in the context of deficient spinal pain modulation. ESC values combined with QST values are relevant in the context of patients with FM and need to be explored further in this nociception‐autonomic system intertwining.
Incidence of congenital thoracic malformations detected by prenatal ultrasound
Authors: Pollak Mordechai , Gur Michal , Bronshtein Moshe , Solt Ido , Masarweh Kamal , Bentur Lea
Published: November 2019

Background

The increased and earlier use of prenatal ultrasound has facilitated the detection of congenital thoracic malformations (CTMs). Our Pediatric Pulmonology Institute follows an increasing number of patients with CTMs. Thus, we aimed to evaluate and describe prenatal sonographic findings of CTM, and to estimate changes in detection rates of CTMs over a period of 16 years.

Methods

A retrospective, cross‐section analysis of prenatal ultrasound (US) screening tests carried out in a large community‐based clinic, comparing two periods: 2001–2007 and 2007–2017.

Results

A total of 34 716 prenatal US were performed at a median gestational age of 15.4 weeks (range, 11.6–23.9) and 15.7 weeks (range, 12–33.6) in 2001–2007 and 2007–2017, respectively. In 2001–2007, 12 016 prenatal US tests detected 19 CTMs, compared to 30 CTMs in 22 700 tests in 2007–2017. Detection rates did not change (1.58/1,000 in 2001–2007 versus 1.32/1,000 in 2007–2017, P = 0.64). The most common abnormality was congenital pleural effusion (CPE) (17 cases, 34.7%), followed by congenital pulmonary airway malformation) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia; 13 cases each, 26.5%. Twenty CTMs, mainly congenital diaphragmatic hernia and CPE, were associated with other fetal lesions.

Conclusions

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and CPE tend to appear with multiple lesions and warrant further attention. The incidence rates stayed stable when comparing the last decade to previous years. Thus, the increased referral of CTM can be attributed to an increase in the number of prenatal screening studies performed, rather than a true higher incidence.
Characteristics of human parainfluenza virus type 4 infection in hospitalized children in Korea
Authors: Gu Young E. , Park Ji Y. , Lee Mi K. , Lim In S.
Published: November 2019

Background

The characteristics of human parainfluenza virus type 4 (hPIV4) infection are not thoroughly understood. We therefore clarified the characteristics of hPIV4 in Korea.

Method

From January 2013 to December 2017, children admitted with respiratory tract infection at the Department of Pediatrics in Chung‐Ang University Hospital were enrolled in the study. Nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were obtained from patients and tested for hPIV types by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We retrospectively reviewed subject medical records, focusing on epidemiological and clinical characteristics.

Results

Of the 12 423 NPA specimens, 8,406 were positive by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for nine respiratory viruses, and 1,018 were positive for one of the four types of hPIV: 1,018 specimens led to the detection of 1,029 hPIVs; 3ss (31.3%) were positive for hPIV1, 120 (11.7%) were positive for hPIV2, 356 (34.6%) were positive for hPIV3, and 231 (22.4%) were positive for hPIV4. Of the hPIV‐positive patients, the mean age was 2.3 years (range, 0.1–12.7 years), 225 (97.4%) had no underlying disease, and 178 (77.1%) had a fever with a duration of 4.1 ± 2.3 days and a peak temperature of 39.0 ± 0.7 ℃. The most common diagnosis in hPIV4 infection was pneumonia (44.2%), followed by bronchiolitis (26.0%) and upper respiratory tract infection (24.3%). Only 2.2% of patients were diagnosed with croup. Although the most prevalent overall type of hPIV was hPIV3, hPIV4 generally caused acute respiratory tract infection in summer and early fall in an irregular annual pattern.

Conclusions

Human parainfluenza virus type 4 is an important common pathogen of respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients in Korea.
Competition at the soybean V6 stage affects root morphology and biochemical composition
Authors: Rockenbach A. P. , Rizzardi M. A.
Published: November 2019

The experiment was conducted in the 2016/17 crop season in a greenhouse at Passo Fundo University, Brazil. We hypothesised that the morphological characteristics and biochemical and anatomical composition of soybean roots and shoots, when competing with weeds during different growth periods, are negatively affected, so current concepts of competition between plants should also consider changes in plant roots.

The soybean cultivar P 95R51 and horseweed (Conyza bonariensis) were used. The treatments consisted of the presence or absence of weeds during different coexistence periods of soybean with horseweed. The periods were V0–V3, V0–V6, V0–R2, V3–R6, V6–R6 and R2–R6, where V0 was the date of soybean sowing and V3, V6, R2 and R6 were phenological stages of the crop. Two fresh roots were used to examine morphological traits. Four roots were used for quantification of dry matter and secondary metabolites.

Root length was reduced by 21%, 14% and 20% when competing with a weed in the V0–V3, V0–V6 and R2–R6 coexistence periods, respectively. Total phenol content in the V0–V6 and V0–R2 periods was reduced when plants were in competition with weeds; a similar trend was found for flavonoids in the V0–V6 period.

Soybean–horseweed competition from crop emergence to the V6 stage, in general, affects shoot and root morphological traits and the biochemical composition of the soybean roots. The presence of horseweed at the V3, V6 and R2 stages does not negatively alter the traits evaluated. Root anatomical composition is not modified during all coexistence periods with horseweed.
Children's competent social‐problem solving across the preschool‐to‐school transition: Developmental changes and links with early parenting
Authors: Su Shu , Pettit Gregory S. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Dodge Kenneth A. , Bates John E.
Published: November 2019

What is the developmental course of competent social‐problem solving (CSPS) across childhood? In this study, we sought to answer this question by tracing the development of multiple components of CSPS across 4 years spanning pre‐kindergarten to early grade 3. We also examined whether early positive parenting and sociodemographic factors predicted initial level and growth in CSPS in a sample of 585 children (52% female, 26% lower socioeconomic status, and 17% ethnic minority) and their families. CSPS components (response generation, evaluation, and efficacy) were assessed the summers prior to kindergarten and grades 1, 2, and 3. Positive parenting (warmth, involvement, and guidance) was measured the summer before kindergarten. Multilevel growth models revealed significant linear increases for CSPS, and there was some evidence that these increases were modestly related to early positive parenting and sociodemographic factors. Results underscore the importance of examining CSPS within a developmental perspective.
A novel HLA‐E allele, HLA‐E*01:12:01:01, identified in a healthy Chinese blood donor
Authors: Hong Wen‐Xu , Sun Li‐Yan , Xu Yun‐Ping
Published: November 2019

HLA‐E*01:12:01:01 differs from HLA‐E*01:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide in exon 5 changing 276 proline to glutamine.
Comparison between head‐tail‐rope assisted and unassisted recoveries in healthy horses undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgeries
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Hopster Klaus , Sill Volker , Rohn Karl , Kästner Sabine B. R.
Published: November 2019

Objective

To compare attempts to stand, duration, quality, and occurrence of injuries between head‐tail rope assistance and unassisted recoveries in healthy horses undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgeries.

Study design

Randomized, prospective, clinical trial.

Methods

Three hundred one healthy horses undergoing elective surgeries were randomly assigned to recover with head‐tail rope assistance (group A) or unassisted (group U); 305 recoveries (group A, n = 154; group U, n = 151) were analyzed. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and triple drip. For each recovery, attempts to stand, duration, quality, and recovery‐associated injuries were recorded. Data were analyzed by linear regression and analysis of covariance.

Results

Anesthesia duration was similar between groups (mean ± SD, 70 ± 29 minutes). Compared with group U, group A had fewer attempts to stand (median [range], group A = 1 [1‐7] vs group U = 3 [1‐34]) and shorter duration of recovery (mean ± SD, A = 36 ± 12 minutes vs U = 41 ± 15 minutes). Recovery quality in group A (28 points [15‐70]) was better than that in group U (38 points [11‐87]). More horses had recovery‐associated injuries in group U (9 horses) compared with group A (2 horses). One horse per group was euthanized.

Conclusion

Head‐tail rope assistance reduced standing attempts, shortened recovery duration, improved recovery quality, and reduced recovery‐associated minor injuries after general anesthesia for elective surgery in healthy horses. Fatalities could not be prevented.

Clinical significance

Head‐tail rope assistance may improve recovery in healthy horses after short‐duration elective surgeries with isoflurane and triple drip.
The utility and challenges of histopathologic evaluation in the diagnosis of nonmalignant skin ulcers
Authors: Hammer Phoebe , Latour Emile , Bohnett Mary C. , McKenzie Fatima , Korcheva Veselina B. , Mengden Stephanie , White Kevin P. , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G.
Published: November 2019

Histopathologic evaluation of cutaneous ulcers is indicated when the clinical diagnosis is unclear or when ulcers have not responded to standard of care. Many nonmalignant skin ulcers lack specific histologic findings on biopsy and pose a diagnostic challenge. While the usefulness of skin biopsies to diagnose underlying malignancy in ulcerated lesions has been demonstrated in previous studies, their utility in the diagnosis of ulcers of other etiologies has not been reported. We conducted a retrospective study of 45 nonmalignant ulcer biopsies in a 3‐year period to compare the histologic diagnosis with the final diagnosis. Additionally, we assessed the diagnostic concordance among three blinded dermatopathologists when reviewing these cases. The leading histologic diagnosis from each of the three observers agreed with the final clinical diagnosis, on average, for 29.6% of the cases (average pairwise kappa = 0.15). Inflammatory ulcers had the lowest concordance between the observers and final diagnosis with an average of 26.0% of cases (average pairwise kappa = 0.06). The observers agreed with each other for 35.6% of the cases (Fleiss' kappa = 0.32). The highest agreement among observers was in the vascular/vasculopathic category (50%, Fleiss' kappa = 0.44). Our results indicate that skin biopsies alone are useful in the evaluation of nonmalignant ulcers to rule out other conditions (e.g. neoplasm) but frequently not sufficient to establish a definitive diagnosis. Additional clinicopathologic correlation is necessary in the final assessment of nonmalignant ulcers to determine the diagnosis. Future research endeavors should explore alternative approaches to more efficiently diagnose nonmalignant skin ulcers.
Infrared thermography to prognose the venous leg ulcer healing process—preliminary results of a 12‐week, prospective observational study
Authors: Cwajda‐Białasik Justyna , Mościcka Paulina , Jawień Arkadiusz , Szewczyk Maria T.
Published: November 2019

Venous leg ulcers are complex, and their multifactorial etiology make successful treatment a difficult and long process. Nonhealing ulcers are the greatest challenge because they are resistant to standard therapies. In this study, we analyzed whether monitoring the temperature of the ulcered limb wound area could benefit the diagnosis of the wound's tendency to heal (estimating the presence of a healing or nonhealing wound) in patients with two‐sided venous leg ulcers. This prospective, 12‐week observational study included 57 adult individuals with chronic venous leg ulcers. The dynamics of wound healing was assessed by planimetry and infrared thermography every two weeks. We analyzed temperatures measured at three marked areas—the wound, the periwound skin, and the reference area. An initial wound area larger than 1 cm2 was associated with a temperature increase of 0.027 °C in the periwound skin. A 1‐cm2 decrease in the wound area was associated with a 0.04 °C decrease in the temperature difference between the periwound skin and wound. A strong positive relationship was identified for both the bacteriology variables (the presence of bacteria: temperature increase in the periwound skin of 0.4 °C, p < 0.001; the number of bacterial species in a wound, temperature increase of 0.95 °C, p < 0.001). The temperature in the reference area was significantly correlated with the failure of the superficial and perforating veins (temperature increase of 0.69 °C, p = 0.04). This study reports that the assessment of the temperature a limb may be beneficial in predicting whether an ulcer is a healing or a nonhealing ulcer. The decrease in the temperature differences between the areas referred to as healing wounds was the only beneficial prognostic marker. Other temperature differences in the periwound skin were caused by disorders, such as multibacterial wound infections and superficial venous inflammation.
Seasonality and anatomical location of human tick bites in the United Kingdom
Authors: Cull Benjamin , Pietzsch Maaike E. , Gillingham Emma L. , McGinley Liz , Medlock Jolyon M. , Hansford Kayleigh M.
Published: November 2019

Tick bites on humans can occur in a variety of habitats and may result in the transmission of tick‐borne pathogens, such as the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. As the risk of transmission of this pathogen to the host increases with the duration of tick feeding, the recognition and removal of ticks as soon as possible following attachment is important for reducing the risk of infection. Performing a thorough body examination for ticks following potential exposure is recommended by tick awareness campaigns. Knowledge of where on the body feeding ticks are frequently found, and at which times of year peak tick exposure occurs, provides important information for public health messaging and may aid those bitten by ticks to engage more effectively with tick‐checking behaviour. This paper summarizes human tick bites in the United Kingdom (UK) during 2013–2018 reported to Public Health England's passive Tick Surveillance Scheme and further examines the anatomical location and seasonality of bites from the most commonly encountered tick and LB vector Ixodes ricinus. A total of 1,328 tick records from humans were received of which 93% were I. ricinus. Humans were most commonly bitten by I. ricinus nymphs (70% bites). Tick bites were recorded on all parts of the body, but there were significant differences in their anatomical location on adults and children. Most tick bites on adults occurred on the legs (50%), whereas on children tick bites were mostly on the head and neck (43%). Bites from I. ricinus were recorded throughout the year but were most numerous during May to August. This study adds to the body of research on the seasonality and anatomical location of human tick bites in temperate Europe and highlights the importance of data collected through passive surveillance in addition to research and epidemiological studies.
Prevalence of serum antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in Alaska Native Persons from the Pribilof Islands
Authors: Kersh Gilbert J. , Fitzpatrick Kelly , Pletnikoff Karen , Brubaker Michael , Bruce Michael , Parkinson Alan
Published: November 2019

Background

Q fever is a febrile illness caused by infection with the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. It is most often transmitted by inhalation of the bacteria after it is shed by infected livestock. Recent studies have found very high C. burnetii infection rates among marine mammals, but it is not known if shedding by marine mammals creates a risk of Q fever among humans. To better understand infection of humans with exposure to marine mammals, the prevalence of antibodies against C. burnetii in serum samples taken from Alaskan Native persons residing on the Pribilof Islands was evaluated. The Pribilof Islands support large populations of northern fur seals infected with C. burnetii that may increase the risk of exposure for island residents.

Methods

Serum testing for IgG antibodies against C. burnetii (phase I and phase II) was performed, and demographic data were analysed utilizing banked serum specimens drawn from island residents from 1980 to 2000.

Results

The overall seroprevalence rate was 11.6% (95% CI = 9.3%–14.4%; 72/621). This is higher than the previously reported 3.1% (95% CI = 2.1%–4.3%) seroprevalence for the U.S. population.

Conclusions

These results suggest that Alaskan Native persons may be at higher risk for exposure to C. burnetii than the general US. population, possibly due to proximity to large populations of infected marine mammals.
Distribution of Neoehrlichia mikurensis in Ixodes ricinus ticks along the coast of Norway: The western seaboard is a low‐prevalence region
Authors: Pedersen Benedikte N. , Jenkins Andrew , Paulsen Katrine M. , Okbaldet Yohannes B. , Edgar Kristin S. , Lamsal Alaka , Soleng Arnulf , Andreassen Åshild K.
Published: November 2019

Neoehrlichia mikurensis is a tick‐borne pathogen widespread among ticks and rodents in Europe and Asia. A previous study on Ixodes ricinus ticks in Norway suggested that N. mikurensis was scarce or absent on the south‐west coast of Norway, but abundant elsewhere. The aim of this study was to further investigate the prevalence and distribution of N. mikurensis along the western seaboard of Norway in comparison with more eastern and northern areas. The second aim of the study was to examine seasonal variation of the bacterium in one specific location in the south‐eastern part of Norway. Questing I. ricinus were collected from 13 locations along the coast of Norway, from Brønnøysund in Nordland County to Spjærøy in Østfold County. In total, 11,113 nymphs in 1,113 pools and 718 individual adult ticks were analysed for N. mikurensis by real‐time PCR. The mean prevalence of N. mikurensis in adult ticks was 7.9% while the estimated pooled prevalence in nymphs was 3.5%. The prevalence ranged from 0% to 25.5%, with the highest prevalence in the southernmost and the northernmost locations. The pathogen was absent, or present only at low prevalence (<5%), at eight locations, all located in the west, from 58.9°N to 64.9°N. The prevalence of N. mikurensis was significantly different between counties (p < .0001). No significant seasonal variation of N. mikurensis prevalence was observed in the period May to October 2015. Our results confirm earlier findings of a low prevalence of N. mikurensis in the western seaboard of Norway.
MoS
2
pixel arrays for real-time photoluminescence imaging of redox molecules
Authors: Reynolds M. F. , Guimarães M. H. D. , Gao H. , Kang K. , Cortese A. J. , Ralph D. C. , Park J. , McEuen P. L.
Published: November 2019

An array of micrometer-scale pixels of MoS
2
works as a fluorescent “redox screen” to visualize redox molecule concentration.
Stretchable self-healable semiconducting polymer film for active-matrix strain-sensing array
Authors: Oh Jin Young , Son Donghee , Katsumata Toru , Lee Yeongjun , Kim Yeongin , Lopez Jeffrey , Wu Hung-Chin , Kang Jiheong , Park Joonsuk , Gu Xiaodan , Mun Jaewan , Wang Nathan Ging-Ji , Yin Yikai , Cai Wei , Yun Youngjun , Tok Jeffrey B.-H. , Bao Zhenan
Published: November 2019

Skin-inspired semiconductor that is intrinsically stretchable, self-healable, and strain-sensitive for advanced sensory devices.
Room temperature strain-induced Landau levels in graphene on a wafer-scale platform
Authors: Nigge P. , Qu A. C. , Lantagne-Hurtubise É. , Mårsell E. , Link S. , Tom G. , Zonno M. , Michiardi M. , Schneider M. , Zhdanovich S. , Levy G. , Starke U. , Gutiérrez C. , Bonn D. , Burke S. A. , Franz M. , Damascelli A.
Published: November 2019

Strain-induced Landau levels in wafer-scale graphene at room temperature are studied using momentum-resolved spectroscopy.
Designing electromechanical metamaterial with full nonzero piezoelectric coefficients
Authors: Yang Jikun , Li Zhanmiao , Xin Xudong , Gao Xiangyu , Yuan Xiaoting , Wang Zehuan , Yu Zhonghui , Wang Xiaohui , Zhou Ji , Dong Shuxiang
Published: November 2019

We demonstrate that overall 18 nonzero effective piezoelectric coefficients of ceramics are first created by metamaterial design.
Making geoscience fieldwork inclusive and accessible for students with disabilities
Authors: Stokes Alison , Feig Anthony D. , Atchison Christopher L. , Gilley Brett
Published: November 2019

Fieldwork is a fundamental characteristic of geoscience. However, the requirement to participate in fieldwork can present significant barriers to students with disabilities engaging with geoscience as an academic discipline and subsequently progressing on to a career as a geoscience professional. A qualitative investigation into the lived experiences of 15 students with disabilities participating in a one-day field workshop during the 2014 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting provides critical insights into the aspects of fieldwork design and delivery that contribute to an accessible and inclusive field experience. Qualitative analysis of pre- and post-fieldwork focus groups and direct observations of participants reveal that multisensory engagement, consideration for pace and timing, flexibility of access and delivery, and a focus on shared tasks are essential to effective pedagogic design. Further, fieldwork can support the social processes necessary for students with disabilities to become fully integrated into learning communities, while also promoting self-advocacy by providing an opportunity to develop and practice self-advocacy skills. Our findings show that students with sensory, cognitive, and physical disabilities can achieve full participation in field activities but also highlight the need for a change in perceptions among geoscience faculty and professionals, if students with disabilities are to be motivated to progress through the geoscience academic pipeline and achieve professional employment.
Variable normal-fault rupture behavior, northern Lost River fault zone, Idaho, USA
Authors: DuRoss Christopher B. , Bunds Michael P. , Gold Ryan D. , Briggs Richard W. , Reitman Nadine G. , Personius Stephen F. , Toké Nathan A.
Published: November 2019

The 1983 Mw 6.9 Borah Peak earthquake generated ∼36 km of surface rupture along the Thousand Springs and Warm Springs sections of the Lost River fault zone (LRFZ, Idaho, USA). Although the rupture is a well-studied example of multisegment surface faulting, ambiguity remains regarding the degree to which a bedrock ridge and branch fault at the Willow Creek Hills influenced rupture progress. To explore the 1983 rupture in the context of the structural complexity, we reconstruct the spatial distribution of surface displacements for the northern 16 km of the 1983 rupture and prehistoric ruptures in the same reach of the LRFZ using 252 vertical-separation measurements made from high-resolution (5–10-cm-pixel) digital surface models. Our results suggest the 1983 Warm Springs rupture had an average vertical displacement of ∼0.3–0.4 m and released ∼6% of the seismic moment estimated for the Borah Peak earthquake and <12% of the moment accumulated on the Warm Springs section since its last prehistoric earthquake. The 1983 Warm Springs rupture is best described as the moderate-displacement continuation of primary rupture from the Thousand Springs section into and through a zone of structural complexity. Historical and prehistoric displacements show that the Willow Creek Hills have impeded some, but not all ruptures. We speculate that rupture termination or penetration is controlled by the history of LRFZ moment release, displacement, and rupture direction. Our results inform the interpretation of paleoseismic data from near zones of normal-fault structural complexity and demonstrate that these zones may modulate rather than impede rupture displacement.
Vein fluorite U-Pb dating demonstrates post–6.2 Ma rare-earth element mobilization associated with Rio Grande rifting
Authors: Piccione Gavin , Rasbury E. Troy , Elliott Brent A. , Kyle J. Richard , Jaret Steven J. , Acerbo Alvin S. , Lanzirotti Antonio , Northrup Paul , Wooton Kathleen , Parrish Randall R.
Published: November 2019

Numerous studies have documented rare-earth element (REE) mobility in hydrothermal and metamorphic fluids, but the processes and timing of REE mobility are rarely well constrained. The Round Top laccolith in the Trans-Pecos magmatic province of west Texas, a REE ore prospect, has crosscutting fractures filled with fluorite and calcite along with a variety of unusual minerals. Most notably among these is an yttrium and heavy rare-earth element (YHREE) carbonate mineral, which is hypothesized to be lokkaite based on elemental analyses. While the Round Top laccolith is dated to 36.2 ± 0.6 Ma based on K/Ar in biotite, U-Pb fluorite and nacrite ages presented here clearly show the mineralization in these veins is younger than 6.2 ± 0.4 Ma (the age of the oldest fluorite). This discrepancy in dates suggests that fluids interacted with the laccolith to mobilize REE more than 30 m.y. after igneous emplacement. The timing of observed REE mobilization overlaps with Rio Grande rift extension, and we suggest that F-bearing fluids associated with extension may be responsible for initial mobilization. A later generation of fluids was able to dissolve fluorite, and we hypothesize this later history involved sulfuric acid. Synchrotron spectroscopy and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating of minerals that record these fluids offer tremendous potential for a more fundamental understanding of processes that are important not only for REE but other ore deposits as well.