bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethiopia: Ugly Mathematical Unit Cost Fiscal Equalization Formula; Beautiful Findings
Authors: Shirima Dr. Ludovick Leon
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Grant allocation formulas used to allocate fiscal resources among different tiers of government have proved to be useful in many countries around the world. This article provides a unit cost approach equalization formula that was used in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) to transfer resources from the regions to the woredas (districts) in 2007. Study methodology: The study approach involved gathering and reviewing of pioneering literature; identifying six representative sectors; field visits to collect and collate data; and data analysis. Findings: The developed model was highly equalizing. The FDRE adopted the study recommendations and the regional governments used the formula, or a modified version thereof, to transfers resources to woredas. Research limitations: It was not easy to access the required data. Furthermore, the representative sectors may not holistically reflect the actual budgetary needs of the Local Governments (LGs) due to their heterogeneous tax bases and expenditure needs. This can be addressed with future research to further refine the model presented and granularity of data used. Practical implications: The study developed and specified a mathematical unit cost equalization model, which was applied to Tigray region in FDRE. The model’s ability to equalize was tested and evaluated econometrically. Social implications: The paper identified six representative sectors that have high synergies in terms of poverty eradication via improved social service delivery. These sectors attracted large budgetary allocations.
The Green New Deal, Financial Statements and the Accounting Profession
Authors: Rao Dr. Sunita
Published: April 2021

Climate change is real and immediate. The Green New deal (GND) is a set of policies, measures, events and actions designed to bring about systemic change to counter the effects of the catastrophic effects of climate change. These policies, measures, events and actions will deeply impact the accounting profession and the financial statements, since it aims to transform the US economy in a sustainable way by focusing on the long term. This article discusses the effects of GND on financial reporting and disclosure.
Is Affirmative Action Still Necessary? Analysis of Minority-Working Adults’ Perceptions
Authors: Cates Steven
Published: April 2021

Over the past three decades, the Unites States has struggle valiantly to overcome that disgusting legacy as it moves toward to eliminate race, and gender inequality, and the uprooting of prejudice and discrimination. Out of this struggle, came the birth of affirmative action. It has left politicians, social scientists, and economists debating its merits and possible alternatives. From the Supreme Court to the dinner table, the potential effects of this policy on our legal, political and social system have been argued.

This study analyzes the perceptions protected class employees in terms of the affirmative action in employment. Utilizing a sample of 151 protected class working adults, data analysis provided mixed support to the stated hypotheses which suggested that affirmative action had eliminated most discriminatory practices in corporate America. The results of this study answer the question of this study asserting the necessity of the affirmative action.
Peran Pustakawan Terhadap Kualitas Layanan Perpustakaan
Authors: Yuliana Lia , Mardiyana Zulfa
Published: April 2021

penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran pustakawan terhadap kualitas layanan perpustakaan SMAN 1 Pleret Kabupaten Bantul yang meliputi indikator tolak ukur kualitas layanan yaitu: (1) bukti fisik (tangibles), (2) keandalan (reliability), (3) ketanggapan  (responsiveness), (4) jaminan (assurance), dan (5) empati (emphaty). Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian yaitu pustakawan sebagai informan utama serta siswa sebagai informan pendukung. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian antara lain pedoman wawancara, pedoman observasi, dan pedoman dokumentasi. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran pustakawan terhadap kualitas layanan perpustakaan SMAN 1 Pleret adalah sebagai berikut: 1) pustakawan mampu untuk menunjukkan eksistensi perpustakaan sekolah, dimana perpustakaan mampu menjaga penampilan, baik penampilan diri maupun penampilan fasilitas atau sarana dan prasarana, serta kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana perpustakaan; 2) pustakawan berperan dalam memberikan pelayanan sesuai dengan yang dijanjikan secara akurat dan terpercaya. Kinerja petugas perpustakaan disesuaikan dengan harapan siswa yang berarti memperhatikan ketepatan waktu, pelayanan yang sama unuk setiap siswa, serta kecermatan dalam memberikan layanan; 3) pustakawan mampu serta mau membantu dan memberikan pelayanan yang cepat dan tepat kepada siswa serta dapat menyampaikan informasi secara jelas; 4) pustakawan menjaga kesopanan, menambah pengetahuan serta kemampuannya untuk menumbuhkan rasa percaya siswa pada perpustakaan yang terdiri dari beberapa komponen antara lain komunikasi, keamanan, kenyamanan, kompetesi, serta sopan santun; 5) pustakawan memberikan perhatian serta memahami kebutuhan siswa sebagai pengguna perpustakaan. Perpustakaan sekolah diharapkan memiliki pengertian dan pengetahuan tentang memahami kebutuhan siswa.
Penerapan Pendidikan Multikultural
Authors: Nilawati Ike , Sahudi Sahudi , Ruswandi Uus , Erihardiana Mohamad
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan pendidikan multicultural pada SMK Kesehatan Mutiara Bangsa Purwakarta Jawa Barat.. Metode penulisan artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan sumber data yang diperoleh dari kajian literature atau studi pustaka serta observasi danwawancara. Lokasi penelitian SMK Kesehatan Mutiara Bangsa Purwakarta Jawa Barat. Responden sejumlah 38 siswa kelas X. Hasil penelitian: Penerapan pendidikan Multicultural di SMK Kesehatan Mutiara Bangsa Purwakarta Jawa Barat sudah sesuai dan terlaksana dengan baik.1).Penerapan menghargai pluralitas dan heterogenitas sudah sesuai dengan intruksi pemerintah berdasarkan UUD 1945 dan Pancasila. 2).Penerapan Idiologi sudah baik dilaksanakan sesuai dengan intruksi pemerintah berdasarkan UUD 1945 dan Pancasila.3).Penerapan konsep multikultural telah menggunakan konsep demokrasi, keadilan, hukum, nilai-nilai budaya,etos, hak asasi manusia. 4). Pelaksanaan pendidikan multikultural sebagai ide dan proses sudah terlaksana tanpa melihat gender, kelas sosial, etnik, ras, dan karakteristik budaya harus mendapatkan kesempatan yang sama untuk belajar di sekolah 5)Pelaksanaan Tujuan Pendidikan multikultural sudah terlaksana dengan baik tidak membedakan kelompok etnis atau tradisi budaya dan agama Pendidikan akan dasar-dasar kemanusiaan untuk perdamaian, kemerdekaan, dan solidaritas. 6).Pelaksanaan pendidikan multikulturan telah menggunakan model, yakni :a) Pengajaran tentang keragaman budaya sebuah pendekatan asimiliasi kultural; b) Pengajaran tentang berbagai pendekatan dalam tata hubungan sosial;c) Pengajaran untuk memajukan pluralisme tanpa membedakan strata sosial dalam masyarakat;d) Pengajaran tentang refleksi keragaman untuk meningkatkan pluralisme dan kesamaan . 7).Penerapan Pendidikan Islam dalam Pelaksanaan Multikultul Comission on Education for theTwenty-first Century, bahwa pendidikan sepanjang hayat sebagai suatu bangunan ditopang oleh empat pilar, yaitu (a) leraning to know atau learning to learn, (b) learning to do, (c) learning to

live together, (d) learning to be.
Pelaksanaan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah
Authors: Hardi Jansa  , Happy Fitria  , Achmad Wahidy
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan manajemen berbasis sekolah di SMA Negeri 4 Prabumulih ditinjau dari manajemen kurikulum, manajemen sarana prasarana, manajemen kesiswaan, manajemen mutu guru. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini kepala sekolah dan guru-guru. Teknik pengumpulan data: (1) observasi; (2) wawancara; (3) dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) Pelaksanaan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah di SMA Negeri 4 Prabumulih ditinjau dari Manajemen Kurikulum, bahwa   memberlakukan kurikulum 2013 dan melakukan perevisian terhadap dokumentasi tersebut, begitu juga dalam implementasinya; (2) Ditinjau dari Manajemen Sarana dan Prasarana, sudah sesuai dengan standar yang ada sebagai persyaratan yang terdiri dari: ruang kepala sekolah, ruang guru,  Laboratorium, Perpustakaan, Mushollah/Masjid, Ruang Kelas, WC, Lapangan, sarana olahraga, sarana kesenian; (3) Ditinjau dari Manajemen Kesiswaan dapat dikatkaan baik, yaitu: pendataan peserta didik baru (setiap tahun ajaran baru);  Mendata lulusan jumlah peserta didik; Mendata jumlah peserta didik setiap rombongan belajar (rombel); Menyiapkan data kehadiran peserta didik; Mengurus administrasi pindah bagi peserta didik; (3) Ditinjau dari Manajemen Mutu Guru dikatakan baik, yaitu: (1) Jumlah guru yang ada berjumlah 39 orang guru, yang terdiri dari 28 orang guru PNS dan 11 orang guru honorer. Dari 28 orang guru PNS yang sudah memiliki sertifikat pendidik sebanyak 25 orang guru PNS (89,29%) dan 3 orang guru PNS (10,71%) belum memiliki sertifikat pendidik.
Manajemen Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran
Authors: Neny Sulviana  , Happy Fitria  , Achmad Wahidy
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan manajemen guru mengajar dalam memperbaiki mutu pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 4 Prabumulih, kendala yang dihadapi, dan strategi yang diterapkan guru mengajar. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini kepala sekolah dan guru-guru. Teknik pengumpulan data: (1) observasi; (2) wawancara; (3) dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) Manajemen guru mengajar dalam memperbaiki mutu pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 4 Prabumulih dapat dikatakan baik. Guru dalam merencanakan pembelajaran mengacu kepada kurikulum 2013 yang ditetapkan. Guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran disusun berdasarkan kalender akademik 2020/2021 yang terdiri dari kegiatan minggu efektif, per semester (semester ganjil dan semester genap); (2) Kendala yang dihadapi adalah keterbatasannya sarana prasarana yang ada di SMA Negeri 4 Prabumulih yaitu infocus, buku pegangan guru dan buku pegangan siswa, alat peraga sebagai media pembelajaran, komputer yang ada di laboratorium; (3) strategi yang diterapkan guru mengajar guna untuk memperbaiki mutu pembelajaran  di SMA Negeri 4 Prabumulih, dijelaskan sebagai berikut. yaitu menggunakan buku elektronik dalam menyampaikan pembelajaran, guru-guru menerapkan literasi digital sebagai pengganti terbatasnya sarana yang ada seperti  infocus, buku pegangan guru, alat peraga sebagai media pembelajaran, guru dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran memvariasikan metode-metode pembelajaran yang ada, sehingga dapat terciptanya suasana belajar yang aktif, kreatif dan menyenangkan.
ІІ УКРАЇНО-БРИТАНСЬКИЙ ФОРУМ «ДОСКОНАЛІСТЬ ВИКЛАДАННЯ І НАВЧАННЯ У ВИЩІЙ ОСВІТІ»
Authors: Калашнікова Світлана Андріївна
Published: April 2021

Другий міжнародний форум «Досконалість викладання і навчання у вищій освіті» відбувся 17-18 березня 2021 р. у рамках Програми вдосконалення викладання у вищій освіті України, яку впроваджують Британська Рада в Україні у партнерстві з Інститутом вищої освіти Національної академії педагогічних наук України, Advance HE та за підтримки Міністерства освіти і науки України і Національного агент-ства із забезпечення якості вищої освіти. Ключовими питаннями Форуму, які розглядалися на панельних дискусіях, воркшопах, під час презентації інституційних кейсів тощо, були: професійний розвиток викладачів закладів вищої освіти; трансформація викладання в умовах сьогодення: виклики та можливості; студентоорієнтоване викладання і його особливості; ефективна взаємодія між студентами та викладачами; досвід Великої Британії та України щодо вдосконалення викладання у вищій освіті.
Kiaušintakinio nėštumo gydymas metotreksatu LSMUL Kauno klinikose
Authors: Ambroževičiūtė Viktorija , Buržinskienė Guoda , Bartusevičienė Eglė , Railaitė Dalia Regina
Published: April 2021

Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti kiaušintakinio nėštumo gydymo metotreksatu rezultatus Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų (toliau – Kauno klinikų) Akušerijos ginekologijos klinikoje. Tyrimo metodai. Atlikta retrospektyvi Kauno klinikų Akušerijos ir ginekologijos klinikos informacinės sistemos duomenų analizė. Analizuoti visi 2018–2019 m. diagnozuoti kiaušintakinio nėštumo atvejai, kai gydymui buvo skirtas metotreksatas (n=40). Buvo vertinti moterų demografiniai rodikliai, kiaušintakinio nėštumo rizikos veiksniai ir simptomai, ultragarsinio tyrimo radiniai, žmogaus chorioninio gonadotropino (hCG) kiekis, metotreksato dozių skaičius, gydymo veiksmingumas ir ar metotreksatas buvo skirtas pagal pastaruoju metu rekomenduojamus kriterijus. Rezultatai. Dažniausiai moteris buvo pirmą kartą pastojusi, vidutiniškai apie šeštą nėštumo savaitę besiskundžianti pilvo skausmu ir kraujavimu iš genitalijų, kuriai ultragarsinio tyrimo metu dažniausiai buvo matytas įvairaus dydžio, heterogeninės struktūros darinys gimdos priedų srityje. Dauguma atvejų (92,5 proc.) metotreksatas buvo skirtas pagal rekomenduojamus kriterijus. Iš viso 35 proc. moterų gydymo metotreksatu baigtis nežinoma. Kiaušintakinio nėštumo gydymas metotreksatu buvo veiksmingas 76,9 proc. atvejų. Trims iš keturių moterų (75 proc.) metotreksatas buvo skirtas vieną kartą, likusioms reikėjo antros dozės. Skubi operacija atlikta 23,1 proc. moterų, tačiau, kai metotreksatas skirtas pagal rekomenduojamus kriterijus, – 17,4 proc. moterų. Visos operacijos atliktos po pirmos vaisto dozės. Išvados. Kauno klinikose kiaušintakinio nėštumo gydymas metotreksatu buvo sėkmingas 76,9 proc. moterų. Nors rezultatai labai panašūs į mokslinėje literatūroje nurodomus duomenis, reikalingi tolesni perspektyvūs tyrimai.
Naujagimio gimimo svorio reikšmė žindymo sėkmei
Authors: Balčiūnienė Greta , Kvedaraitė-Budrė Greta , Gaupšienė Alma , Meškauskienė Audronė , Ramašauskaitė Diana
Published: April 2021

Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti, kokią įtaką žindymo sunkumams turi išnešioto naujagimio gimimo svoris. Tyrimo metodai. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santaros klinikų Akušerijos skyriuje nuo 2019 m. rugsėjo 1 d. iki 2020 m. balandžio 1 d. Tyrime dalyvavo 342 gimdyvės, pagimdžiusios sveikus išnešiotus naujagimius ir po gimdymo galėjusios žindyti naujagimius, neturėdamos klinikinių kontraindikacijų arba fizinių apribojimų. Po gimdymo moterys buvo suskirstytos į tris grupes: pirmoje – pagimdžiusios naujagimius, kuriems nustatyta įgimta hipotrofija, antroje – normalaus svorio naujagimius, trečioje – pagimdžiusios naujagimius, kuriems nustatyta įgimta hipertrofija. Statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant duomenų analizės programą R paketą (4.0.3). Rezultatai. Su žindymo sunkumais daugiausia susidūrė mažo svorio naujagimiai (p=0,03). Žindymo sunkumus patyrė 29 proc. moterų pirmoje grupėje, 16 proc. moterų – antroje grupėje ir 8 proc. moterų – trečioje grupėje. Daugiausia gimimo svorio pirmomis paromis neteko mažo svorio naujagimiai – 7,3 proc., o normalaus svorio ir didelio svorio naujagimiai neteko apie 6,5 proc. savo gimimo svorio. Išvados. Mažo svorio naujagimius pagimdžiusios moterys patiria daugiau žindymo sunkumų nei motinos, kurių naujagimiai yra normalaus arba didelio gimimo svorio.
Lietuvos akušerių-ginekologų patirtis, teikiant sveikatos priežiūros paslaugas pacientėms, turinčioms negalią
Authors: Kančaitė Rugilė , Jarienė Kristina , Jaras Algirdas
Published: April 2021

Tyrimo tikslas. Sužinoti Lietuvoje dirbančių gydytojų akušerių-ginekologų patirtį, teikiant sveikatos priežiūros paslaugas pacientėms, turinčioms negalią. Tyrimo metodai. Savanoriška anoniminė kiekybinė anketinė apklausa, adaptuota Lietuvai pagal standartines vertimo ir pritaikymo lietuvių kalbai ir kultūrai metodologines procedūras. Analizuoti 90 Lietuvos gydytojų akušerių-ginekologų pateikti duomenys. Rezultatai. Vidutinis respondentų darbo stažas – 23,5±1,308 metų. Didžioji dalis (86,7 proc., p<0,001) respondentų buvo teikę paslaugas neįgaliosioms, daugiau nei pusė jų susidūrė su bendravimo sunkumais (61,1 proc., p<0,02). Ilgesnis nei 21 metų darbo stažas šansų santykį dirbti su neįgaliomis pacientėmis didino 14 kartų (ŠS=14,3; 95 proc. PI 11,3–16,4). Beveik visi (94,5 proc.) apklaustieji teigė, jog mielai pataria neįgalioms moterims jų reprodukcinės ir seksualinės sveikatos klausimais, 70,9 proc. gydytojų atsakė, jog dažniausiai bendravimą tiesiogiai apsunkino pacientės negalia (p≤0,00001). Kaip statistiškai reikšmingus veiksnius, galinčius palengvinti darbą su neįgaliomis pacientėmis, gydytojai dažniausiai nurodė ilgesnį konsultacijai skirtą laiką ir papildomą asmenį, kuris padėtų bendrauti su paciente, – atitinkamai po 63,2 proc. ir 58,9 proc. Keturis iš penkių respondentų domintų seminarai apie pacienčių, turinčių negalią, sveikatos priežiūrą (78,9 proc., n=71, p<0,00001). Išvados. Didžioji dalis Lietuvoje dirbančių gydytojų akušerių-ginekologų konsultuoja neįgalias moteris jų reprodukcinės ir seksualinės sveikatos klausimais, tačiau trumpas konsultacijos laikas bei pagalbinio personalo stygius – kliūtys, kurioms įveikti būtinas sisteminis neįgaliųjų sveikatos priežiūros gerinimas.
Krūties Pedžeto ligos diferencinė diagnostika. Literatūros apžvalga ir klinikinių atvejų serija
Authors: Šiaudinytė Monika , Urbonaitė Rūta , Kisielienė Inga , Vansevičiūtė-Petkevičienė Rasa
Published: April 2021

Krūties Pedžeto liga yra reta krūties vėžio forma, pasireiškianti spenelio ir areolės komplekso (SAK) pažeidimu, dažnai nustatoma kartu su duktaline krūties karcinoma in situ arba invazine karcinoma. Ši patologija sudaro iki 5 proc. moterų ir mažiau nei 1 proc. vyrų krūties vėžio formų. Kliniškai ją tenka diferencijuoti nuo kitų ligų, tokių kaip egzema, kontaktinis dermatitas, Bowen’o liga, psoriazė, melanoma bei daugelis kitų. Todėl tinkamų diagnostikos metodų pasirinkimas ir kitų minėtų ligų ekskliudavimas yra aspektai, kurie būtini, siekiant išvengti uždelstos krūties Pedžeto ligos diagnozės. Įtarus krūties Pedžeto ligą, kuri dažniausiai kliniškai pasireiškia kaip rausvas, pleiskanojantis spenelio bėrimas su nelygiais kraštais, diagnozę galima nustatyti tik atlikus pakitusių audinių biopsiją. Straipsnio pabaigoje pateikiami trys Nacionaliniame vėžio institute gydytų pacienčių klinikiniai atvejai, iliustruojantys Pedžeto ligos diferencinės diagnostikos bei gydymo eigą.
Naujagimio įgimta odos aplazija. Klinikinis atvejis
Authors: Langienė Vita , Liubšys Arūnas , Drejerienė Violeta , Gulbinienė Violeta
Published: April 2021

Santrauka. Įgimta odos aplazija yra retas įgimtas odos ir poodžio defektas, dažniausiai išsidėstęs naujagimio skalpo srityje. Žymiai rečiau šį odos defektą lydi kiti apsigimimai. Tikroji šio apsigimimo priežastis nežinoma. Šiame straipsnyje aprašomas įgimtos odos aplazijos, lydimos kitų apsigimimų – neužakusio šlapimo latako ir Mekelio divertikulo, – klinikinis atvejis ir pateikiama literatūros apžvalga.
Why is standing up for women’s equality still relevant in 2021?
Authors: Chakravorty Subarna
Published: April 2021

It is 2021. The world is reeling from the ravages of a merciless pandemic that knew no borders and killed at will. When scientific collaboration, market forces and societal will resulted in the creation, testing, approval and deployment of multiple vaccines that may yet stop the virus in its tracks. Where most were forced to live apart, and yet joined up like never before.

And yet, it has been a year where the privileges of a few were starkly overshadowed by the destitution of many. A year where inherent societal inequalities in many nations were held in sharp focus. Where the poor and disadvantaged were much more likely to be infected and die of the virus, and where untreated premorbid conditions hastened their demise. Many governments used the necessary restrictions of civil liberties to their advantage, and many congregated to protest.

Where do women feature in this? The author explores the impact of inequalities on women and why women do need to stand up for equality and justice, now more than ever before.
Vivre avec les cyberattaques, le mythe de Sisyphe renouvelé ?
Authors: Le Pargneux Marie , Oudot Laurent
Published: April 2021

Il est des menaces impossibles à éradiquer avec lesquelles nous devons apprendre à vivre. C’est le cas des cybermenaces. Les experts opérationnels en cybersécurité luttent au quotidien contre ces attaques en vagues répétées. Parfois, les moyens manquent et le découragement guette. Pourtant, le lendemain, il faut bien reprendre sa pierre et la rouler tel un Sisyphe moderne. Comment les entreprises peuvent-elles s’attacher l’abnégation de tels experts ? Ne faudrait-il pas repenser notre manière de numériser le monde ?
Construire des partenariats innovants avec les grands groupes : les succès et les échecs de Baracoda
Authors: Serval Thomas
Published: April 2021

Les grandes entreprises multiplient les coopérations avec les start-up, mais peinent à les pérenniser. Le témoignage d’un spécialiste du genre apporte donc un éclairage d’autant plus précieux qu’il n’est pas fait que de success stories. Au-delà de l’analyse des réussites et des échecs, Thomas Serval souligne le nécessaire ajustement des maturités réciproques. C’est dans ces tentatives d’arrimage de vaisseaux si différents que la stratégie de “plateformisation” ou la création d’une filiale de conseil prennent tout leur sens.
SMPF ou l’art d’être agile
Authors: Serra Romain
Published: April 2021

SMPF, entreprise familiale de 22 personnes, fabrique des pièces techniques de petite taille et à forte valeur ajoutée, en petites et moyennes séries, pour les secteurs de l’aéronautique, de la défense, de l’électronique, ou encore du luxe. À rebours de la tendance actuelle à l’hyper-robotisation, elle croit à un modèle reposant sur la très grande compétence technique des opérateurs, avec des machines très modernes et de plus en plus numérisées, mais qui ne remplacent pas l’homme. Ce choix lui donne une très grande agilité.
Ecosystem réinvente l’articulation entre économie et sens
Authors: Brabant Christian
Published: April 2021

Ecosystem est un des éco-organismes chargés de collecter et de traiter les déchets. La priorité est donnée à la réparation des équipements pour le réemploi, avant leur recyclage et la valorisation énergétique. Remplir ces misions suppose de gros efforts de R&D, mais aussi de communication vers le grand public et l’animation de multiples comités incluant les adhérents (fabricants et distributeurs) et les partenaires, afin de les associer aux décisions, de préserver leur motivation et d’atteindre des objectifs ambitieux de qualité.
Retour sur les « agricultrices » : des oubliées de la recherche et du féminisme
Authors: Lagrave Rose-Marie , Lemarchant Clotilde , Seiller Pauline
Published: April 2021

Dans cet article, Clotilde Lemarchant et Pauline Seiller s’entretiennent avec Rose-Marie Lagrave, sociologue et directrice d’études honoraire à l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, qui, dès les années 1980, a contribué au lancement de recherches sur les agricultrices, croisant sociologie rurale et sociologie des rapports sociaux de sexe. Rose-Marie Lagrave revient sur sa trajectoire et explique la façon dont les sciences sociales, tout comme le mouvement féministe, rendent plus ou moins visibles certaines catégories de population.
Le métier d’agricultrice bio
Authors: Guérillot Alexandre
Published: April 2021

Par une approche compréhensive des réponses à l’enquête par questionnaire menée par la Fédération nationale d’agriculture biologique et l’Agence Bio en 2018, le présent article s’attelle à donner à voir les agricultrices bio au travers de leur rapport – complexe et ambivalent – à leur travail sur leurs exploitations. Leur demande d’activités techniques, mécaniques, en plein air, contraste fortement avec la résistance d’une division sexuelle du travail qui leur attribue classiquement d’autres rôles, comme la gestion des papiers qu’elles rejettent massivement. Elles ne se projettent pas plus que cela dans les « nouvelles » activités de diversification telle la vente en « circuit court ». Se vivre agricultrice bio aujourd’hui semble donc impliquer une revendication complète des prérogatives de la figure du chef d’exploitation, en remettant en cause la division sexuelle traditionnelle du travail agricole.
Agricultrices néorurales à l’épreuve de la séparation conjugale
Authors: Guillemin Pierre , Bermond Michaël
Published: April 2021

Dans la littérature scientifique, la perpétuation de la domination masculine en agriculture s’analyse notamment au prisme du divorce. À partir de deux études de cas issues d’une revue de presse (dans le quotidien Ouest-France ), cet article propose des questions de recherche quant aux rôles de différentes espèces de capitaux et des effets de contextes dans l’atypicité d’agricultrices séparées de leurs conjoints et qui demeurent à la tête de l’exploitation familiale. Contrairement à d’autres néorurales, elles semblent parvenir à déjouer certaines normes de genre en agriculture, malgré une domination masculine qui perdure.
Cities in Africa before 1900. Historiography and Research Perspectives
Authors: Coret Clélia , Zaugg Roberto , Chouin Gérard
Published: April 2021

What new issues arise several decades after the first academic studies? What are the answers and what sources are mobilized? This special issue proposes a historiographical review of research conducted on cities, taking into account the most recent methodological reflections on the issue of the relationship between the urban territory and the exercise of power before the 20th century, focussing on its material and symbolic aspects. Case studies in the Maghreb, West Africa’s forest and Sahelian regions and East Africa examine these stakes.
Impact-Resistant Flying Platform for Use in the Urban Construction Monitoring
Authors: Dergachov Konstantin , Kulik Anatolii
Published: April 2021

A case study drone that constitutes a shock-resistant aerial vehicle is discussed in the chapter. The aerial motor platform is placed in gimbal joints of the exclusive framework (shell). The platform is a helicopter type aerial vehicle powered with two coaxial rotors of contra rotation. Mathematical model of the platform spatial dynamics bases Lagrange's equations to bring reliable solutions so that advanced model-based control law design techniques can be used. Though the case study implies utilizing an automatic flight mode of the aerial vehicle, it can be piloted remotely on radio. The on-board video cameras and other sensors are used to bring about both navigational duties and surveillance missions such as building constructions monitoring.
Re-Inventing Student Services for Food-Insecure Students in an Online Environment
Authors: Guerra Jennifer J.
Published: April 2021

This chapter examines the need to modify, fortify, and expand student services to support food-insecure students due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the chapter, the author surveys the existing scholarship on the importance of student services to reduce barriers to academic success for food-insecure college students. Additionally, this chapter will discuss the impact of COVID-19 on hunger and poverty and the impact on college students. Third, the researcher will survey the various approaches taken by colleges to address changes to the delivery of services due to reduced limited access, a reduction in resources, and safety protocols. Lastly, the researcher will discuss new approaches to support food insecure students during a global pandemic. This chapter concludes that colleges must refine their approaches to addressing students' needs to ensure they achieve their academic goals.
During Times of Disruption
Authors: Ates Ozgur
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic forced higher education institutions to shift from face-to-face courses to emergency online education. This qualitative study explores 43 Master of Business graduate students' experiences and challenges during this transition at a university in Turkey. The overarching themes included the following: 1) the importance of students' engagement and motivation, 2) flexibility being key, 3) the importance of digitalization/ use of technology, 4) the importance of mental and physical health, and 5) remembering nothing is normal. The findings supported the idea that online education is essential in times of lockdown and social distancing during a pandemic; however, understanding and meeting the needs of students is critical as educators move forward while teaching via new platforms.
FinTech for Digital Financial Services
Authors: Assay Benjamin Enahoro
Published: April 2021

The introduction of FinTech into Africa's digital financial services environment has provoked a controversy as to whether the innovative technology should be assimilated by banks and other financial service providers or not, thus creating uncertainty about the future of FinTech on the continent. This chapter, therefore, examines the issues, controversy, and problems surrounding the debut of FinTech and suggest ways to make the technology acceptable in order to harness its potentials for the overall benefit of the African society.
Research on the Influence of Dust and Ambient Temperature on the Power of Photovoltaic Cells Based on the Regression Method
Authors: Sharma Sumit , Nayyar Ashish , Khatri Kamal Kishore
Published: April 2021

Solar energy has huge potential and offers a solution to fulfill the demand for energy and reduce fossil fuel emissions. An effort had been made for assessing the effects of dust accumulation and ambient temperature on module conversion efficiency of 62 KWp grid connected rooftop solar plant. The performance parameters including open-circuit voltage, maximum voltage, short-circuit current, maximum current, etc. were collected and permitting for usual dust addition. These statistics were used for the estimation of the performance ratio (PR), capacity utilization factor (CUF), and power conversion efficiency. This work assesses the decrease in conversion efficiency of cell as a function of dust addition and ambient temperature. A multivariate linear regressions (MLR) model can forecast conversion efficiency closely, with R2 values close to 91%. It was employed in computing decrease in efficiency due to dust addition only. Result shows that the normal efficiency drops due to dust are 0.872%/day, energy harms are 9.935 kWh/m2 and Rs. 192.72 or 2.5 dollar per day by the MLR model.
Improving Emotion Analysis for Speech-Induced EEGs Through EEMD-HHT-Based Feature Extraction and Electrode Selection
Authors: Chen Jing , Li Haifeng , Ma Lin , Bo Hongjian
Published: April 2021

Emotion detection using EEG signals has advantages in eliminating social masking to obtain a better understanding of underlying emotions. This paper presents the cognitive response to emotional speech and emotion recognition from EEG signals. A framework is proposed to recognize mental states from EEG signals induced by emotional speech: First, speech-evoked emotion cognitive experiment is designed, and EEG dataset is collected. Second, power-related features are extracted using EEMD-HHT, which is more accurate to reflect the instantaneous frequency of the signal than STFT and WT. An extensive analysis of relationships between frequency bands and emotional annotation of stimulus are presented using MIC and statistical analysis. The strongest correlations with EEG signals are found in lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Finally, the performance of different feature set and classifier combinations are evaluated, and the experiments show that the framework proposed in this paper can effectively recognize emotion from EEG signals with accuracy of 75.7% for valence and 71.4% for arousal.
The Effect of Advances in Transportation on the Spread of the Coronavirus Disease: The Last is Africa and Endemic
Authors: Park Myung-Bae
Published: April 2021

For a long time in the future, transportation will be used only by limited systems that are quarantine friendly. Besides, depending on the circumstances, international or inter-regional travel may be restricted. However, the African continent comprises mostly of developing countries with poor healthcare systems and low health literacy. As a result, it is highly likely that Africa could suffer greater damage than any other region once an outbreak occurs. The fact that countries in Africa must be most concerned about is that COVID-19 may become endemic, and the outbreak may continue for a very long time.
Asymptomatic Sars- Cov-2 Infection among Healthcare Workers in a Non-Covid-19 Teaching University Hospital
Authors: Mukhtar Ahmed , Alfishawy Mostafa , Alkhatib Engy , Hosny Moushira , Ollaek Mohamed , Elsayed Amal , Salem Marwa Rashad , Ghaith Doaa
Published: April 2021

Introduction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the published reports on COVID-19 emphasized that health care workers (HCWs) get infected more than the general population representing one of the most vulnerable groups. However, that the real percentage of HCWs infected by SARS-CoV2 in Egypt remains unknown. The researchers conducted the current study to assess seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG among HCWs working in a hospital with no SARS-CoV-2 patients, and to identify the potential factors associated with SARS-CoV2 IgG seropositivity.

Design and methods

The current study is a cross-sectional study carried out among 455 HCWs at Cairo University Hospital. The researchers administered a questionnaire shortly before the SARS-CoV-2 rapid test is performed using closed-ended question format to obtain information on demographic data of the study participants including age, sex, specialty, clinical information including questions about medical conditions, and. history of previous exposure with a confirmed or suspected case of COVID-19, and history of COVID-19- compatible symptoms during the previous 14 days (cough, sore throat, runny nose, fatigue, shortness of breath, fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, anosmia, ageusia, and chills).

Results

We screened 455 HCWs for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 31.4% were in the high-risk group, and 68.6% in the low-risk group. The overall IgG seroprevalence was, 36 (7.9%) (95% CI 5.8 to 10.8). The IgG seroprevalence was significantly higher in low-risk group 11% (35/312) versus high-risk group 0.7% (1/143, p<0.001.

Conclusion

Low seropositivity rates for SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs is suggestive of lack of immunity and we are still far from herd immunity.
The Maugeri daily activity profile: a tool to assess physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zampogna Elisabetta , Bertolotti Giorgio , Ambrosino Nicolino , Lo Bello Giuseppe , Cherubino Francesca , Ianni Alessandra , Paneroni Mara , Pignatti Patrizia , Visca Dina , Zanini Andrea , Giordano Andrea
Published: April 2021

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) report reduced physical activity (PA). There are only few tools available to assess PA and sedentary behavior in these patients, and none of them aims to differentiate between sedentary and active patterns. The aim of the study was to evaluate an easy tool to profile daily activity time in a cohort of patients with COPD, compared to healthy subjects; the study was set at the Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (ICS), IRCCS of Tradate and Lumezzane, Italy, and at the Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Novaggio, Switzerland (Italian Speaking). The populations were inpatients with COPD, healthy subjects. The items of the Maugeri Daily Activity (MaDA) profile were chosen based on literature, interviews with patients and health professionals. Time spent during sleep (ST), when awake (AT), active (ACT) or in sedentary behavior (SET) were recorded. Lung function tests, arterial blood gases, the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), the six-minute walking distance test (6MWD), the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and the body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index were also assessed in patients. Sixty patients with COPD and 60 healthy controls filled in the questionnaire. As compared to controls, patients showed longer AT and SET. Active time of patients was significantly correlated with mMRC, CAT, Bode Index and 6MWD, but not with demographics, anthropometrics or stages of disease. Using this tool, we found that patients with COPD spent longer time awake and in sedentary behavior. The MaDA may be useful to evaluate PA in patients with COPD.
Rapid clinical evolution for COVID-19 translates into early hospital admission and unfavourable outcome: A preliminary report
Authors: Heim Markus , Lahmer Tobias , Rasch Sebastian , Kriescher Silja , Berg-Johnson Wiebke , Fuest Kristina , Kapfer Barbara , Schneider Gerhard , Spinner Christoph , Geisler Fabian , Wießner Johannes , Rothe Kathrin , Feihl Susanne , Ranft Andreas
Published: April 2021

Background: A wide range of mortality rates has been reported in COVID-19 patients on the intensive care unit. We wanted to describe the clinical course and determine the mortality rate in our institution’s intensive care units.Methods: To this end, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 50 COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU at a large German tertiary university hospital. Clinical features are reported with a focus on ICU interventions, such as mechanical ventilation, prone positioning and extracorporeal organ support. Outcome is presented using a 7-point ordinal scale on day 28 and 60 following ICU admission.Results: The median age was 64 years, 78% were male. LDH and D-Dimers were elevated, and patients were low on Vitamin D. ARDS incidence was 75%, and 43/50 patients needed invasive ventilation. 22/50 patients intermittently needed prone positioning, and 7/50 required ECMO. The interval from onset of the first symptoms to admission to the hospital and to the ICU was shorter in non-survivors than in survivors. By day 60 after ICU admission, 52% of the patients had been discharged. 60-day mortality rate was 32%; 37% for ventilated patients, and 42% for those requiring both: ventilation and renal replacement therapy.Conclusions: Early deterioration might be seen as a warning signal for unfavourable outcome. Lung-protective ventilation including prone positioning remain the mainstay of the treatment.
Psychological Status of Asymptomatic and Mildly Symptomatic Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19
Authors: Golas Prateksha , Hashim Uzma , Kumar Amrit , Kuruthukulangara Seby , Hande Vivek , Mathai Sheila S.
Published: April 2021

Context:

The pandemic of COVID-19, with its high rates of infectivity, unpredictable nature, and measures taken to deal with it such as extended periods of lockdown, has had an adverse impact on the psychological status of individuals affected by it directly or indirectly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from India on the psychological status of COVID-19-positive individuals.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological status of persons tested positive for COVID-19.

Setting and Design:

This was a case–control study in a tertiary care hospital setting at Mumbai.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 104 individuals detected to have positive COVID-19 status and admitted to the hospital from May 1, 2020 to May 30, 2020, were compared with 106 age- and gender-matched controls from the general population for the psychological impact of COVID-19 as measured by Perceived Stress Scale-10, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, and World Health Organization Well-Being Index-5.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Group comparisons on nominal variables were analyzed by Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:

About 58.6% from COVID-19-positive group and 76.4% from control group reported moderate-to-high perceived stress. Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were reported in 6.7% versus 15%, moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms in 1.9% versus 14.1%, clinical insomnia in 3.8% versus 14.1%, and poor quality of well-being in 22.1% versus 35.8%, in cases versus controls, respectively. Control group reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress (P = 0.020), depressive symptoms (P = 0.021), anxiety symptoms (P = 0.013), insomnia severity (P = 0.045), and poorer well-being index (P = 0.018) compared to COVID-19-positive group.

Conclusions:

Despite limitations, study findings, if replicated, highlight the urgent need for incorporating psychological screening and interventions into protocols for dealing with ongoing COVID-19 pandemic not only for infected individuals but also for the community as a whole.
A prospective comparison between bedside ultrasound versus chest radiograph and computed tomography scan for the diagnosis of traumatic hemothorax
Authors: Abd Rabbih Assem A. , Helmy Tamer A. , Fathy Hassan A. , Alkafafy Asmaa M. , Zaki Hany M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Injuries to the chest are responsible for most of deaths occurring at the scene of trauma or within 1 h from arriving to hospital (immediate deaths) and many of those within few hours up to 24 h from arriving to hospital (early deaths). Hemothorax often develops after blunt or penetrating trauma. The most common cause of blunt trauma is traffic accidents, and hemothorax is associated with injures of the lung or intercostal vessels caused by broken rib ends as a result of rib fractures, frequently occurring in blunt trauma.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of chest ultrasound (US) in the detection of traumatic hemothorax and quantification of its size in comparison with chest radiograph and the computed tomography (CT) chest as a gold standard diagnostic tool.

Patients and methods

This prospective observational study enrolled 80 patients who had hemothorax and admitted to Alexandria University Hospital, screened with chest radiograph, US, and CT scan to determine the accuracy and sensitivity of chest US imaging modality. Moreover, hemodynamic variations were assessed at the time of admission (0 h) and after 12 h.

Results

Overall, 71% of the patients were males, and 45% of the patients were between 20 and 30 years of age. The mode of trauma in 56% of cases was motor vehicle accidents, and in 33% of cases was falling from height. Moreover, 38% of the patients were intubated. Bedside US sensitivity in detection of traumatic hemothorax in comparison with the CT chest showed sensitivity of 93% on the right-side chest hemothorax and 100% on the left-side chest hemothorax and specificity of 100% on both sides.

Conclusions

US is a sensitive, specific, and accurate technique for detecting hemothorax in patients with thoracic trauma. CT does detect some hemothoraces not seen on US. However, it can permit early and precise definition of the location of bleeding in patients with trauma who cannot be moved. It is also more readily attainable than CT scan. Therefore, it can be used in patients who are not stable enough for transport and in resource-limited areas.
The effect of dexamethasone on quality of recovery and analgesic consumption after valvular cardiac surgery
Authors: Abdelrazek Amr N. , Elaziz Mennatallah M.A. , Ali Nagy S. , Mohamed Omyma S.
Published: April 2021

Background

Many therapeutic strategies have been developed to attenuate the inflammatory reaction to cardiopulmonary bypass and thereby enhance fast-track recovery of the cardiac surgical patient. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of small versus intermediate dose of dexamethasone on patient-perceived quality-of-recovery (QoR) scores in valvular replacement cardiac surgical patients and postoperative analgesic consumption.

Patients and methods

After obtaining local ethics committee approval and wr tten consent, 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical state II and III, aged 16–60 years underwent elective valvular replacement surgery. Those patients were randomly divided into three equal groups, with 20 patients each. Group S received small-dose dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) in a total volume of 5-ml saline, group I received intermediate-dose dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg), and group C received placebo (5-ml saline).

Results

Our results concerned with QoR-40 score showed significant statistical difference between the three groups in the dimensions of emotions, physical comfort, psychological support, and pain but not in the dimension of physical independence, in favor of dexamethasone groups.

Conclusion

Postoperative QoR-40 scores in the dimensions of emotional state, physical comfort, psychological support, and pain were all improved in the dexamethasone groups compared with the control group. The intermediate dose (0.2 mg/kg) of dexamethasone was better than the small dose (0.1 mg/kg) in the dimension of pain on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD 2, whereas it was better on POD 3 and POD 2 in the dimensions of psychological support and physical comfort, respectively.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy and anesthesia
Authors: Kaur Haramritpal , Singh Gagandeep , Saini Nipun , Singh Gurpreet , Singh Amandeep
Published: April 2021

Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic diseases characterized by a compromised synthesis or regeneration of contractile proteins, which causes weakness and progressive degeneration of the skeletal muscles. These muscular dystrophies can have significant anesthetic implications (hyperkalemia, rhabdomyolysis, cardiovascular instability, sudden death, etc.), representing a very high perioperative risk for patients. We herein describe the anesthetic management of a 12-year-old boy who was a known case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy posted for appendicectomy. The patient was induced and maintained with TIVA and using nitrous oxide as the only inhaled agent. We emphasize on careful presurgical evaluation and a multidisciplinary approach, ensuring the best perioperative care.
Short-axis/out-of-plane versus long-axis/in-plane ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement by inexperienced trainees
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed , Hassn Ali Mohmd
Published: April 2021

Background

Ultrasound (US) guidance for central venous catheter (CVC) placement is considered gold standard in localization and cannulation, making the procedure safer with less complications.

Objective

To compare the short-axis/out-of-plane (SAX) with the long-axis/in-plane (LAX) technique for US-guided CVC insertion in internal jugular vein in intensive care practice regarding safety and efficacy.

Patients and methods

A prospective randomized trial was conducted in Zagazig University Hospitals, from October 2017 to October 2018. All were randomized into one of two groups according to US guidance technique: SAX technique (group S), including 116 patients, and the LAX technique (group L), including 116 patients, for US-guided CVC insertion in internal jugular vein. The primary outcome was first-attempt success rate of both the SAX and LAX approaches for US-guided vascular catheterization. The secondary outcomes were total success rate, which was defined as successful venous cannulation without complication; cannulation times calculated in seconds; the number of attempts; and complications (hematoma and arterial puncture).

Results

US-guided venous cannulation was successful without complications in 115 (99.14%) patients. Venous access time, catheterization time, and US imaging time were significantly lower in the group S than in the group L (P<0.05). Complications in both groups had no significant difference. Hematoma formation was evident in one patient in group L. Multiple puncture was more in LAX group, with no significant difference.