bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low fertility trend in the Republic of Korea and the problems of its family and demographic policy implementation
Authors: Seo Seung Hyun
Published: July 2019

The article analyzes the population trends and the family and demographic policy in the contemporary Republic of Korea. The main emphasis is made on the analysis of low birth rate in the country. Until the end of the 20th century, the two-child family model prevailed in South Korea, however, in the last decade birth and marriage rates have become among the lowest in the world. Why has fertility fallen so dramatically far below replacement level? The article discusses the causes of fertility decline, as well as the social factors that contribute to and hinder the implementation of state measures to stimulate and increase the birth rate in the Republic of Korea. In particular, the social and gender aspects of solving the problem of low fertility are analyzed.
Two new species of the tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae) from southwestern China
Authors: Yang Liang-Jing , Yang Lin , Chang Zhi-Min , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: July 2019

Two new species of the tribe Hemisphaeriini: Ceratogergithusbrachyspinus Yang & Chen, sp. nov. (Yunnan) and Neohemisphaeriusclavatus Yang & Chen, sp. nov. (Guizhou) are described and illustrated. A checklist to Hemisphaeriini genera is provided. The generic characteristics of the genera Ceratogergithus Gnezdilov, 2017 and Neohemisphaerius Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014 are redefined. Checklists and keys to the species of each genus are given.
Taxonomic study of the genus Malaxa Melichar, with descriptions of two new species from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae)
Authors: Li Hong-Xing , Yang Lin Yang , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: July 2019

Two new species of the delphacid genusMalaxa Melichar, 1914, M.hamuliferumsp. nov. and M.tricuspissp. nov., are described and illustrated from southwest China (Yunnan and Hainan), providing the genus with eleven species in total. A key is provided to distinguish the seven Chinese species in the genus.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Brentisentis yangtzensis Yu & Wu, 1989 (Acanthocephala, Illiosentidae)
Authors: Song Rui , Zhang Dong , Gao Jin-Wei , Cheng Xiao-Fei , Xie Min , Li Hong , Wu Yuan-An
Published: July 2019

The mitogenome ofBrentisentisyangtzensisis 13,864 bp in length and has the circular structure typical of metazoans. It contains 36 genes: 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and 12 protein-encoding genes (PCGs). All genes are transcribed from the same strand. Thirteen overlapping regions were found in the mitochondrial genome. The overall A+T content ofB.yangtzensisis 68.3% versus 31.7% of G+C content (A = 27.8%, T = 40.5%, C = 9.0%, G = 22.7%).B.yangtzenensis(Illiosentidae) andLeptorhynchoidesthecatus(Rhadinorhynchidae) form a sister clade, showing the relatively close relationship between the Illiosentidae and the Rhadinorhynchidae. The mitochondrial gene arrangements of acanthocephalan species are relatively conserved, with only a few translocations of tRNAs (trnS1, trnS2, trnV, and trnK) detected. An identical gene order was found both in a sister clade (CentrorhynchusaluconisandPlagiorhynchustransversus) and across different classes (B.yangtzensis(Palaeacanthocephala),Acanthosentischeni(Eoacanthocephala) andMacracanthorhynchushirudinaceus(Archiacanthocephala),OncicolalueheiandL.thecatus(Palaeacanthocephala)). More studies and more sequences of acanthocephalan species are needed to gain a clear understanding of the phylogenetic relationships.
A key to the bamboo-feeding genus Bambusana Anufriev (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Athysanini), with description of one new species from China
Authors: Luo Qiang , Yao Ya-Lin , Yang Lin , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: July 2019

A new species of the bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus Bambusana Anufriev, 1969, B.longispina Luo & Chen, sp. nov. is described and illustrated from China (Yunnan Province). A checklist and key to known species of this genus are provided. Figures are also provided for B.bambusae, B.biflaka, B.fopingensis and B.multidentata.
On the genera Qiongocera and Relictocera (Araneae, Psilodercidae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: Chang Wan-Jin , Li Fengyuan , Li Shuqiang
Published: July 2019

Four new species are described in two psilodercid genera, Qiongocera Li & Li, 2017 and Relictocera Li & Li, 2017: Qiongoceraluoxuan Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from China, Relictocerawugen Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and R.sigen Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂) from Vietnam, and R.qianzi Li & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Thailand. These genera were previously thought to be monotypic. In addition, one species of the genus Merizocera Fage, 1912 is transferred to Relictocera: Relictoceramus (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995), comb. nov. (♂♀). The types of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing.
A key to the flat grass scale genus Nipponaclerda (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Aclerdidae)
Authors: Schneider Scott A.
Published: July 2019

The flat grass scale genus Nipponaclerda comprises four species, native to Central and East Asia. Nipponaclerdabiwakoensis has been introduced to the United States and is considered a serious pest of Phragmitesaustralis, the common reed. Heavy infestations of N.biwakoensis in coastal marshes of Louisiana have coincided with extensive die-off of reeds. In this article, dichotomous identification keys to the genera of Aclerdidae and to the species of Nipponaclerda are provided, allowing for accurate identification of species found in the native and invasive range.
Distribution extension of Phimophis guerini (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Santos-Jr Alfredo P. , Almeida-Santos Danilo A. , Ribeiro Síria , Carmargo Isla C.M. , da Costa Prudente Ana Lúcia
Published: July 2019

Phimophisguerini Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 is a Xenodontinae snake distributed in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. In Brazil, the species is broadly distributed, occurring mainly in open areas of the Cerrado, but also in the Amazon, Atlantic forest and Caatinga. We provide a new record for this species from the municipality of Santarém in the western portion of the state of Pará (Brazil). Five specimens were collected in a small area covered with Amazonian Savanna vegetation. We also provide the description of the morphological variation for the collected specimens. The new record extends the northern limit of the distribution by some 640 km (from Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Parauapebas municipality, eastern Pará). The record from Santarém provides a third locality for P.guerini within the Amazon biome and supports the hypothesis of a past ecological corridor linking the Cerrado and the open habitats within the Amazon.
The sexual dimorphic inguinal glands of the frog species Ololygon centralis (Anura: Hylidae) at light and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Brito Pedro , Targueta Cíntia P. , Arruda Walquíria , Santos Fernanda , Bastos Rogério
Published: July 2019

The anuran skin characteristically has different types of glands, most of which are microscopic and are spread throughout the skin. Some species have specialized regions where glands agglomerate, forming macroglands. The description of the external morphology ofOlolygoncentralis(Pombal & Bastos, 1996) revealed the presence of an inguinal gland.Ololygoncentralisis the only species of the genus that has a macrogland. The present study found these inguinal macroglands to be present only on male specimens, thus characterizing it as a sexually dimorphic skin gland. Microscopic analysis revealed that these glands are composed of many syncytial units involved by myoepithelial cells. The center of the syncytium is full of a proteinaceous secretion with a basic pH and the absence of sugar residues. Similar glands observed in other anuran species have been associated with pheromone production, suggesting that the inguinal glands described forO.centralismales may have a similar function.
Bartolomé Calderón e a Galicia que nunca existíu
Authors: Cabo Miguel
Published: July 2019

Bartolomé Calderón (1861-1931) fue un muy influyente periodista gallego especializado en cuestiones económicas, en especial agrarias. Creía que Galicia estaba llamada a seguir una vía de desarrollo semejante a la de Dinamarca, sobre los pilares de la especialización láctea y el cooperativismo y centrada en las exportaciones a los mercados europeos. Mantenía posiciones muy críticas hacia el Estado español debido a su centralismo y proteccionismo diseñados para proteger los intereses de los productores de cereal de las regiones centrales y meridionales, chocando pues con el desarrollo que él promovía para el sistema agrario gallego. Las ideas de Calderón fueron muy populares entre los líderes agraristas y galeguistas durante las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX pero su influencia decayó posteriormente y cayó en el olvido tras su muerte en Francia, donde residía desde hacía más de cuarenta años, en 1931.

[gl] Bartolomé Calderón (1861-1931) foi un moi influínte xornalista galego especializado en cuestións económicas, en especial agrarias. Cría que Galicia estaba chamada a seguir unha vía de desenvolvemento semellante á de Dinamarca, sobre os piares da especialización láctea e o cooperativismo e centrada nas exportacións ós mercados europeos. Mantiña posicións moi críticas cara ó Estado español debido ó seu centralismo e proteccionismo deseñados para protexer os intereses dos produtores de cereal das rexións centrais e meridionais, chocando daquela co desenvolvemento que el promovía para os sistema agrario galego. As ideas de Calderón foron moi populares entre os líderes agraristas e os galeguistas durante as dúas primeiras décadas do século XX pero a súa influencia decaeu posteriormente e caeu no esquecemento despois da súa morte en Francia, onde residía dende había máis de corenta anos, en 1931.
Reproduction and nutritional values of the edible limpet Nacella magellanica (Gastropoda: Patellogastropoda)
Authors: Nieto Vilela Rocío A. , Cumplido Mariano , González Giorgis Yamila , Gil Mónica N. , Bigatti Gregorio
Published: July 2019

Nacella magellanica is an edible limpet that has been consumed since pre-Hispanic times by human populations along the coasts of Patagonia, but studies of its nutritional value and reproduction are not yet available. We investigated the reproductive cycle and the seasonal variation in the nutritional composition (proteins, lipids and carbohydrates) of the whole body of this limpet in order to analyse some aspects of its importance as a formal fishery resource. Throughout a single year, the spawning period extended over all months except June in males, while females spawned from late winter to spring, with an increase from August to November. The nutritional data obtained for N. magellanica are within the ranges of widely consumed species of molluscs, with annual average values of 29.8% proteins, 2.7% lipids and 1.8% carbohydrates. The best nutritional values for human consumption (highest concentration of proteins, body weight), avoiding the reproductive period, were found in April but taking into account the minimum size of capture. Our results are useful for increasing the policies aimed at managing this abundant edible limpet as a formal resource, since it is widely consumed in southern South America.
Effects of environmental variability on abundance of commercial marine species in the northern Gulf of California
Authors: Ruiz-Barreiro T. Mónica , Arreguín-Sánchez Francisco , González-Baheza Arturo , Hernández-Padilla Juan C.
Published: July 2019

Studies have shown that environmental variables significantly affect variation in stock abundance of marine populations. The northern Gulf of California (NGC) is a highly productive region of interest due to its fish resources and diversity. Conservation of the marine species inhabiting the region is of public interest. Our study analysed the influence of physical environmental factors on several commercial marine species, using catch per unit effort (CPUE) as a proxy for abundance. Generalized additive models were used to test the significance of selected environmental variables on stock abundance. Deseasonalized cross-correlation analysis was used to examine time-lagged correlations between CPUE and abiotic variables to identify response timings. The results suggest that for most commercial species the sea surface temperature and the long-term climate Pacific Decadal Oscillation index are the predominant predictors for species abundance, followed by the Colorado River discharge. The Multivariate ENSO Index and the Pacific-North American pattern indices also showed specific effects on certain species. The NGC is a highly dynamic region, where species respond to environmental changes according to the characteristics of their life histories.
Effect of Increasing Salinity to Corrosion Resistance of 5052 Aluminum Alloy in Artificial Seawater
Authors: Darmawan Agung Setyo , Siswanto Waluyo Adi , Purboputro Pramuko Ilmu , Anggono Agus Dwi , Masyrukan Masyrukan , Hamid Abdul
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to investigate the corrosion resistance of 5052 aluminum alloy to increasing salinity in sea water. Salt spray chamber was used to measure and compare the corrosion rate of 5052 aluminum alloy with weight reduction method. The experiment was conducted by varying the three concentrations of NaCl solution to compare the corrosion rate of the metal. The test specimens used were aluminum alloy 5052 with length of 6 cm, width of 4 cm and thickness of 0.7 cm. The tests were carried out for 48 hours, aggressive NaCl solutions with concentrations of 3.5%, 4% and 5% were used as an artificial sea water corrosion medium and the temperature in the test chamber was maintained at 35 °C. Corrosion rate for 3.5% NaCl solution, 4% NaCl solution and 5% NaCl solution were 0.197 mm/year, 0.541 mm/year and 0.558 mm/year, respectively. The higher concentration leads to greater corrosion rate.
Wear Resistance of Pre-ECAP Annealing A356 Al Alloy with 1.5 Wt.% TiB2
Authors: Syukron Muhammad , Hussain Zuhailawati , Anasyida Abu Seman
Published: July 2019

The combination of heat treatment, addition of grain refiner and ECAP processing is used to improve mechanical properties and wear resistance of A356 Al alloys with 1.5 wt.% TiB2. The alloys were grouped into as-cast and pre-ECAP annealing. The alloys were characterized with hardness and wear testing, optical microscopy and SEM. The ECAP processing was done through BA route for 4 passes and it improved hardness, distribution of TiB2 and Si particles in the aluminium matrix and increased wear resitance of pre-ECAP annealing specimen.
Graphite as Dry Lubricant to Reduce Rail Wheels Wear Level
Authors: Suparno Joko , Halim Dimas Ardiansyah , Junaidi Junaidi , Setiawan Ady , Effendy Marwan , Jamari J.
Published: July 2019

Wear occurs in rail wheels due to varying surface contact between wheel and railway. Many materials are used to minimize the wear effect of friction, one of which is graphite. Graphite has been known having dry lubricating ability. To find out the effect of graphite lubrication on wear level of wheel and railway, an experiment-based research is important to conduct. This research started with designing the construction of disc-on-disc wear testing instrument, wheel specimen using EMS45 material and railway specimen using VCL140 material. Dry lubricant used was graphite bar polished onto wheel specimen surface. The result of research showed that graphite could adhere to wheel surface and penetrate into the fissures of contact between wheel and railway. Varying graphite polishing conducted once in 5 minutes and 10 minutes resulted in different volume of graphite filling in the fissures of wheel specimen surface. The more the graphite volume polished onto wheel specimen surface, the less is the material loss due to surface contact. Graphite’s ability of filling in this contact area fissure when administered in appropriate volume would enable graphite to be a good dry lubricant. If this graphite polishing technique is applied to rail wheels, it would be beneficial, as it can lengthen the wheel life.
Structural Simulations of Bicycle Frame Behaviour under Various Load Conditions
Authors: Akhyar Akhyar , Husaini Husaini , Hasanuddin Iskandar , Ahmad Farhan
Published: July 2019

The stress distribution and deformation formed by various loading conditions are a crucial thing to be considered during design. Stress and deformation maximum area should be a primary concern, and this study will discuss the stress analysis and displacement of the bike frame (T-I profiles) through the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Five scenarios loading conditions have been applied which is expected to represent various situations that happen in the actual performance of the bicycle frame. Loading conditions are the static start-up, steady-state pedaling, vertical-horizontal loading, and rear wheel breaking. Cross-section of bike frame comprises into two forms. There are “T” profile on the mainframe and “I” profile on stay. The simulation results in this paper show that von-mises stress ranging from 7.18 - 36.83 MPa which are spreading over several areas of this bike frame such as seat beam, chain stay-seat stay, top beam, and drop out, depending on the position of the loading applied. Subsequently, the maximum deflection that the bike frame from this design is obtained is 0.018 - 0.23 mm (simulation results). Optimization of this bicycle frame is needed for future development.
Study of the Creep Deformation of Sanicro 25 Austenitic Steel by Computer Simulations
Authors: Riyadi Tri Widodo Besar , Ahmad Fakhri Hasamulhaq , Veza Ibham , Darmawan Agung Setyo , Anggono Agus Dwi , Purbolaksono Judha
Published: July 2019

The Abaqus software was used to simulate the creep behavior of a cylindrical tube of Sanicro-25 austenitic steel under an internal pressure of 11.3 MPa at a uniform temperature at 750 °C. The data used for the simulation input were obtained from the experimental data of a previous work. The hidden information of material parameters was estimated from the shape of creep strain versus time plots obtained from the experimental data. The validated results between the simulation and the experimental data produced the material parameter of the creep power law which were set at 2.6 x 10-22 for the power law constant and 9 for the stress exponent. The parameters were further used to explore the stress and strain inside and outside of the tube wall and the thickness changes of the tube wall.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Block Reinforced with Recycle HDPE and Coal Bottom Ash
Authors: Anggono Agus Dwi , Muttaqiem Zaennal , Darmawan Agung Setyo , Besar Riyadi Tri Widodo , Yulianto Agus , Sugito Bibit , Purbolaksono Judha , Abdullah Ebrahim Mustafa
Published: July 2019

Garbage is a serious problem if it is not managed properly, both organic and non-organic. Inorganic waste, for example, plastic, metal, glass, and charcoal from coal combustion are difficult to decompose in the soil. HDPE (high-density polyethylene) plastic is one type of inorganic waste that is difficult to decompose, but this plastic can be recycled. The objective of the study is to develop light cement blocks by using the waste of HDPE, coal bottom ash and cement. The research guide was referred to SNI (Indonesian National Standard). The SNI-03-6825-2002 is for testing of the compressive strength and SNI 03-0349-1989 for the testing of the water absorption. The size of the specimen was 5 x 5 x 5 cm. In this study, the compositions of HDPE: coal bottom ash were varied by 70%: 0%, 60%: 10%, 50%: 20%, and 40%: 30%. The Holcim cement was 30% of the volume fraction. Testing was conducted after the specimens stay in 7 and 28 days. For the 7 days old of specimens, the highest compressive strength has resulted from 50%:20% composition with the value of 5.88 N/mm2. For the 28 days old specimens, the highest compressive strength was 8.34 N/mm2. The lowest water absorption test was delivered by the more coal bottom ash in the composition of 40%:30%. It was 16.971%. The more coal bottom ash, the less water absorption. The mean of specimens density was 1.076 gr/cm3. The result of the research shows that recycles HDPE and coal bottom ash as concrete block meet the required strength.
Marshall Characteristics of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course Using Crumb Rubber Modified of Motorcycle Tire Waste as Additive
Authors: Candra Pria Rizky , Siswanto Henri
Published: July 2019

The significance of this research is to find out the effect of adding Crumb Rubber Motorcycle Tire Waste (CRM-MTW) on asphalt concrete wearing course (ACWC) mix. Two sizes of CRM-MTW that are used are CRM that passes filters identified as numbers 50 and 100, while the contents of the CRM-MTW are 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6% of the aggregate weight. Marshall Method is used in this research. The analysis is based on Marshall parameters namely, stability, flow, Marshall Quotient (MQ), Void in the Mix (VIM), Void in the Mineral Aggregate (VMA), and Void Filled Asphalt (VFA). The result of this research indicates that the size of CRM-MTW, No. 50 and No. 100, affects Marshall stability of conventional asphalt mix. Best CRM-MTW addition is CRM-MTW No. 100 with the content of 1%.
Strength Performance of Micro Alumina Reinforced Direct Recycled AA6061 Chips Based Matrix Composite
Authors: Msebawi Muntadher S. , Murugesan Jayaprakash , Shamsudin Shazarel , Rady Mohammad Hussein , Sabbar Huda M. , Mustapa Mohammad Sukri , Lajis Mohd Amri , Abbas Mohammed Abdulridha
Published: July 2019

Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) becomes a primary concern in direct recycling of metal chips. This study investigates the influences of preheating temperature, preheating time and volume fraction of alumina on the tensile strength performance. The parameters of temperature, time and volume fraction of micro alumina were varied between 450 - 550 oC, 1 - 3 hours and 5 - 15% respectively. The full factorial design with center point analysis was employed to analyse the effect of process variables on the response. A total of 19 experimental runs were performed through the hot extrusion operation. The preheating temperature and volume fraction were identified as the key variables affecting the UTS. An optimum UTS was obtained for the profile extruded at 550 oC, 3 hours duration and 5% volume fraction of alumina.
Molarity Relationship of Electrolyte Solution to Aluminum Anodizing Process on Morphology and Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Setyarini Putu Hadi , Purnomo Purnomo
Published: July 2019

One type of aluminum that has a widely use is AA 6061 because it has a good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance when compared to the other types of aluminum. Those properties of this alloy can be improved even better by using the anodizing process. In this study, the results of anodizing AA 6061 will be investigated using molarity of sulfuric acid 1, 2 and 3 M, with an anodizing processing time of 60 minutes and temperature of electrolyte solution 10°C towards morphology and corrosion rate. The cathode used in this process is titanium alloy. After the anodizing process was completed, a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test was carried out to examine the surface morphology produced, testing Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) is used to determine the chemical composition of the anodic layer formed after the anodizing process and the test of corrosion rate is done using 128N Autolab PGSTAT Potentiodynamic in 3.5% sodium chloride. From the test results, it appears that there is an increase in pore size and corrosion rate along with an increase in the molarity of the electrolyte solution. In addition, there is also an increase in sulfate levels and a decrease in titanium deposits in anodizing results with higher solution molarity.
Diversity of insects associated with olive (Oleaceae) groves across a dryland climate gradient in Algeria
Authors: Chafaa Smail , Mimeche Fateh , Chenchouni Haroun
Published: July 2019

This study investigated insect diversity of olive (Olea europaea Linnaeus (Oleaceae)) groves grown in arid and semiarid climates in northeastern Algeria. Using several sampling techniques, a total of 1326 insect specimens were collected and identified into 151 species, 124 genera, 65 families, and 10 orders. Hymenoptera and Coleoptera were quantitatively the most abundant, whereas the dominant functional feeding groups were phytophages then predators. The entomofauna included several olive pests such as Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Euphyllura olivina (Costa) (Hemiptera: Liviidae), and Liothrips oleae Costa (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Although insect diversity parameters recorded for both observed and expected species richness were higher in olive groves grown under semiarid compared with arid climate, the completeness rate of species richness obtained using the nonparametric incidence estimators was higher in arid olive groves. Generalised linear models showed that the number of individuals and species richness varied significantly between climates (P < 0.01), whereas the variation of the rest of diversity parameters was not significant. Diversity traits of insect assemblage of each climatic region were positively correlated. Besides, the Mantel permutation test revealed similar patterns (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001) between correlation matrices of the two climates. When increasing the number of samples, species richness extrapolation revealed that diversity is expected to increase by 130% in olive groves grown under arid climate and 93% in semiarid climate. These increases are related to continuous appearance of rare and scarce insects as demonstrated by species rarefaction curves. Even with high evenness values of insect communities, similarity was low between climate indicating the rarity and scarcity of populations.
Perception of Foreign Phonemes: The Case of Slovene Students of English
Authors: Jošt Saša , Stopar Andrej
Published: July 2019

The study focuses on assessing the state of foreign phoneme acquisition by foreign language (FL) students at the end of their undergraduate studies. To determine whether they prioritise vowels over consonants, a perception experiment was devised that focuses on the phonemes in Standard Slovene and General British reported as most problematic for Slovene learners of English. Thirty-three Slovene students of English were tested, along with a positive and a negative control group (CG). A set of stimuli was tested using the AX discrimination method; the participants listened to 60 phonemic contrasts, played in a pseudo-randomised order. The results foregrounded the most problematic phonemes which act as perceptual magnets. Analysis shows that the students can discriminate foreign phonemes well, and that they consistently perform better in discriminating vocalic contrasts.
A social-ecological approach to identify and quantify biodiversity
tipping points in South America's seasonal dry ecosystems
Authors: Thonicke Kirsten , Langerwisch Fanny , Baumann Matthias , Leitão Pedro J. , Václavík Tomáš , Alencar Ane , Simões Margareth , Scheiter Simon , Langan Liam , Bustamante Mercedes , Gasparri Ignacio , Hirota Marina , Börner Jan , Rajao Raoni , Soares-Filho Britaldo , Yanosky Alberto , Ochoa-Quinteiro José-Manuel , Seghezzo Lucas , Conti Georgina , de la Vega-Leinert Anne Cristina
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Tropical dry forests and savannas harbour unique biodiversity and provide critical ES, yet they are under severe pressure globally. We need to improve our understanding of how and when this pressure provokes tipping points in biodiversity and the associated social-ecological systems. We propose an approach to investigate how drivers leading to natural vegetation decline trigger biodiversity tipping and illustrate it using the example of the Dry Diagonal in South America, an understudied deforestation frontier. The Dry Diagonal represents the largest continuous area of dry forests and savannas in South America, extending over three million km² across Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Natural vegetation in the Dry Diagonal has been undergoing large-scale transformations for the past 30 years due to massive agricultural expansion and intensification. Many signs indicate that natural vegetation decline has reached critical levels. Major research gaps prevail, however, in our understanding of how these transformations affect the unique and rich biodiversity of the Dry Diagonal, and how this affects the ecological integrity and the provisioning of ES that are critical both for local livelihoods and commercial agriculture. Inspired by social-ecological systems theory, our approach helps to explain: (i) how drivers of natural vegetation decline affect the functioning of ecosystems, and thus ecological integrity, (ii) under which conditions, where, and at which scales the loss of ecological integrity may lead to biodiversity tipping points, and (iii) how these biodiversity tipping points may impact human well-being. Implementing such an approach with the greater aim of furthering more sustainable land use in the Dry Diagonal requires a transdisciplinary collaborative network, which in a first step integrates extensive observational data from the field and remote sensing with advanced ecosystem and biodiversity models. Secondly, it integrates knowledge obtained from dialogue processes with local and regional actors as well as meta-models describing the actor network. The co-designed methodological framework can be applied not only to define, detect, and map biodiversity tipping points across spatial and temporal scales, but also to evaluate the effects of tipping points on ES and livelihoods. This framework could be used to inform policy making, enrich planning processes at various levels of governance, and potentially contribute to prevent biodiversity tipping points in the Dry Diagonal and beyond.
High organic carbon burial but high potential for methane ebullition in the sediments of an Amazonian reservoir
Authors: Quadra Gabrielle R. , Sobek Sebastian , Paranaíba José R. , Isidorova Anastasija , Roland Fábio , do Vale Roseilson , Mendonça Raquel
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Reservoir sediments sequester significant amounts of organic carbon (OC), but at the same time, high amounts of methane (CH4) can be produced during the degradation of sediment OC. Hydropower is expanding in the Amazon basin, but the potential effects of river damming on the biogeochemistry of the Amazon river system can at present not be gauged due to a lack of studies. Here we present results from the first investigation of OC burial and CH4 concentrations in the sediments of an Amazonian reservoir. We performed sub-bottom profiling, sediment coring and sediment pore water analysis in the Curuá-Una reservoir (Amazon, Brazil) during rising and falling water periods. A mean sediment accumulation rate of 0.6 cm yr−1 and a mean OC burial rate of 91 g C m−2 yr−1 were found, which is the highest OC burial rate on record for low-latitude reservoirs, probably resulting from high OC deposition onto the sediment compensating for high OC mineralization at 28–30 °C water temperature. Elevated OC burial was found near the dam, and close to major river inflow areas. C : N ratios between 10.3 and 17 (mean ± SD: 12.9 ± 2.1) indicate that both land-derived and aquatic OC accumulate in CUN sediments. About 29 % of the sediment pore water samples had dissolved CH4 close to saturation concentration, a higher share than other hydroelectric reservoirs, indicating a high potential for CH4 ebullition, particularly in river inflow areas.
Environmental parameters of shallow water habitats in the SW Baltic Sea
Authors: Franz Markus , Lieberum Christian , Bock Gesche , Karez Rolf
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The coastal waters of the Baltic Sea are subject to high
variations in environmental conditions, triggered by natural and
anthropogenic causes. Thus, in situ measurements of water parameters can be
strategic for our understanding of the dynamics in shallow water habitats.
In this study we present the results of a monitoring program at low water
depths (1–2.5 m), covering 13 stations along the Baltic coast of
Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The provided dataset consists of
records for dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations taken twice a month and continuous
readings at 10 min intervals for temperature, salinity and oxygen content.
Data underwent quality control procedures and were flagged. On
average, a data availability of >90 % was reached for the
monitoring period within 2016–2018. The obtained monitoring data reveal
great temporal and spatial variabilities of key environmental factors for
shallow water habitats in the southwestern Baltic Sea. Therefore the
presented information could serve as realistic key data for experimental
manipulations of environmental parameters as well as for the development of
oceanographic, biogeochemical or ecological models. The data associated with
this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.895257 (Franz
et al., 2018).
Sensitivity of deep ocean biases to horizontal resolution in prototype CMIP6 simulations with AWI-CM1.0
Authors: Rackow Thomas , Sein Dmitry V. , Semmler Tido , Danilov Sergey , Koldunov Nikolay V. , Sidorenko Dmitry , Wang Qiang , Jung Thomas
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) show substantial biases in the deep ocean that are larger than the level of natural variability and the response to enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations. Here, we analyze the influence of horizontal resolution in a hierarchy of five multi-resolution simulations with the AWI Climate Model (AWI-CM), the climate model used at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, which employs a sea ice–ocean model component formulated on unstructured meshes. The ocean grid sizes considered range from a nominal resolution of ∼1∘ (CMIP5 type) up to locally eddy resolving. We show that increasing ocean resolution locally to resolve ocean eddies leads to reductions in deep ocean biases, although these improvements are not strictly monotonic for the five different ocean grids. A detailed diagnosis of the simulations allows to identify the origins of the biases. We find that two key regions at the surface are responsible for the development of the deep bias in the Atlantic Ocean: the northeastern North Atlantic and the region adjacent to the Strait of Gibraltar. Furthermore, the Southern Ocean density structure is equally improved with locally explicitly resolved eddies compared to parameterized eddies. Part of the bias reduction can be traced back towards improved surface biases over outcropping regions, which are in contact with deeper ocean layers along isopycnal surfaces. Our prototype simulations provide guidance for the optimal choice of ocean grids for AWI-CM to be used in the final runs for phase 6 of CMIP (CMIP6) and for the related flagship simulations in the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP). Quite remarkably, retaining resolution only in areas of high eddy activity along with excellent scalability characteristics of the unstructured-mesh sea ice–ocean model enables us to perform the multi-centennial climate simulations needed in a CMIP context at (locally) eddy-resolving resolution with a throughput of 5–6 simulated years per day.
FEATURE RELEVANCE ANALYSIS FOR 3D POINT CLOUD CLASSIFICATION USING DEEP LEARNING
Authors: Kumar A. , Anders K. , Winiwarter L , Höfle B.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. 3D point clouds acquired by laser scanning and other techniques are difficult to interpret because of their irregular structure. To make sense of this data and to allow for the derivation of useful information, a segmentation of the points in groups, units, or classes fit for the specific use case is required. In this paper, we present a non-end-to-end deep learning classifier for 3D point clouds using multiple sets of input features and compare it with an implementation of the state-of-the-art deep learning framework PointNet++. We first start by extracting features derived from the local normal vector (normal vectors, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors) from the point cloud, and study the result of classification for different local search radii. We extract additional features related to spatial point distribution and use them together with the normal vector-based features. We find that the classification accuracy improves by up to 33% as we include normal vector features with multiple search radii and features related to spatial point distribution. Our method achieves a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 94% outperforming PointNet++’s Multi Scale Grouping by up to 12%. The study presents the importance of multiple search radii for different point cloud features for classification in an urban 3D point cloud scene acquired by terrestrial laser scanning.
La representación mediática de la paternidad en tres relatos audiovisuales contemporáneos de éxito: los casos de "Breaking Bad", "Mad Men" y "Homeland"
Authors: Visa Barbosa Mariona , Cabezuelo Lorenzo Francisco , Piñeiro-Otero Teresa
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo analiza en profundidad las las representaciones de padres de la ficción televisiva contemporánea, con especial atención a aquellas que –aún respondiendo a un estereotipo clásico- muestran una mayor complejidad en su construcción. Se han seleccionado tres representaciones de padres habituales en la ficción audiovisual: el padre proveedor, el ausente y el colega. Se trata de analizar sus características en el caso concreto de tres series estadounidenses que alcanzaron una gran repercusión global en los últimos años como son Mad Men (AMC, 2007-2015); Breaking Bad (AMC, 2008-2013) y Homeland (Showtime, 2011-hoy). Las tres series analizadas cuentan con un protagonista masculino de gran trascendencia, que va a marcar tanto el relato de la serie como de la relación que se establecen entre los restantes personajes. El trabajo pretende describir la representación de la paternidad en estas tres series contemporáneas inscritas en la llamada tendencia audiovisual de la “Quality TV”.
El helecho en la toponimia de Galicia y de la península ibérica
Authors: González García Luis
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo se estudia la distribución de los distintos topónimos peninsulares formados a partir de la base latina filix y de sus derivados en latín tardío (filictum, filica, filicaria, filicosa, etc.) en los distintos romances hispánicos, con especial referencia a Galicia (la comunidad con mayor riqueza toponímica). La variedad de fenómenos lingüísticos implicados, fonéticos (F- inicial latina, grupo -CT-, oclusivas sordas intervocálicas, -L- intervocálica, etc.) y morfológicos (variación sufijal), nos permitirá trazar un mapa completo de los límites dialectales peninsulares.
“Qui de polp paria que fossen”. Una nota sobre la recepción de Ovidio en el "Curial e Güelfa"
Authors: Gros Lladós Sonia
Published: July 2019

En el contexto de la recepción de los autores clásicos en el Cuatrocientos, proponemos el análisis de una nueva fuente ovidiana para un pasaje del episodio norteafricano del libro III del Curial e Güelfa. Concretamente, nos referimos al relato del mito de Hermafrodito de las Metamorfosis, que creemos que el autor anónimo de la novela caballeresca reutiliza en su obra. Analizamos el tratamiento del hipotexto ovidiano y el encaje en el nuevo contexto narrativo, así como la posibilidad de un uso de fuentes intermedias, como la Genealogia boccacciana, y presentamos un estudio comparativo del trata­miento del mito de Hermafrodito en Juan de Mena, con el objetivo de contextualizarlo en las corrientes culturales del momento y, más exactamente, en la recepción de los textos ovidianos en los círculos his­pánicos vinculados al humanismo italiano. El análisis confirma la relevancia de autores clásicos como Ovidio en la escritura del Anónimo.
Exploring the Link between Television Program Pacing and Aggression among Iranian Students
Authors: Nazari Reza , Hassan Md Salleh Bin Hj , Nazari Pooya , Parhizkar Saadat
Published: July 2019

This study designed to examine the relationship between television program pacing and aggressive behavior among primary school students in Iran. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase consisted of a survey with 424 primary school students (aged 7-12 years) in the five provinces of Iran which were selected through a multi-stage random sampling of Iran. This survey investigated whether exposure to television program was related to children's use of media that explored using Buss – Perry standard questionnaire. The results revealed that 23% and 49% of the students displayed high and moderate aggression level respectively. A total of 22 programs were selected as the most favorite children’s TV programs which were assigned to a technical content analysis known as pacing in the second phase of study. The findings of the study showed that the highest pacing index was attributed to Pokemon (67.08), while Fetileh ranked as the lowest pacing index program (23.86). The results also revealed that TV program pacing scores were significantly and positively associated with aggression level of primary school children (p<0.05). The results of this study suggested the need for further attention on children’s television program production to protect them from antisocial behaviors.
Gothic  and Old High German : Implications from phonological patterning
Authors: Kostakis Andrew
Published: July 2019

This article reconstructs the archaic Germanic rhotic by examining a natural class pattern common to Gothic and Old High German (OHG). Specifically, I argue that the sounds represented by the graphemes  and  patterned as [high] segments. Due to the Obligatory Contour Principle, those [high] consonants triggered dissimilatory lowering of high vowels in Gothic. On account of the No-Crossing Constraint, the same (i.e. etymologically related) consonants blocked the OHG process known as Primary Umlaut. That is,  and  inhibited the height features of [i] and [j] from spreading regressively onto a preceding low vowel. These novel analyses not only offer insight into patterns which have been poorly understood for the better part of two centuries, but also add clarity to our understanding of the phonological and phonetic properties of Early Germanic rhotics.
Drivers of Impulse Buying at Retail Stores: Mediating Role of Customers’ Loyalty
Authors: Hilal Mohamed Ismail Mujahid , Gunapalan Selvaratnam
Published: July 2019

The major objective of this study was to examine the impact of drivers of impulse buying on the customers’ loyalty and to assess the mediating effect of customers’ loyalty to the impulse buying at the retail stores. In order to meet the objective, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 529 customers of retail stores. SMARTPLS3 was used to analyze the data collected from the survey. Findings suggest that CSR, store attractiveness and trust positively contribute to create loyalty of retailers and it positively impact on impulse buying at stores. The model tested in this study was significant and can be used by retailers to enjoy competitive advantage. Further, it was found that loyalty is mediating between these drivers of impulse buying and impulse buying. While loyalty positively mediating between all variables, loyalty negatively mediates between commitment and impulse buying. The model tested in this study is significant and useful for retailers to create loyalty and trigger impulse buying enabling to achieve competitive advantage in retailing. When retailers adopt this model in their business, retailers can establish loyalty and generate impulse buying. Therefore, retailers need to build up trust among customers, engaging in CSR activities, keeping their stores very attractive and having long term relationship to create commitment with customers.
Cryopreservation of Shoot Tips of “Brazilian Ginseng” (Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen) by Vitrification
Authors: Oliveira Daniela Vasconcelos de , Santos Izulmé Rita Imaculada , Martins Ildeu Soares , Salomão Antonieta Nassif
Published: July 2019

Pfaffia glomerata (Amaranthaceae), “Brazilian Ginseng”, is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine. Roots are used as a tonic to restore and enhance wellbeing and for treatment of arthritis, gastritis and rheumatism. Conservation of P. glomerata germplasm is a priority and cryopreservation is the most promising technique for long-term storage of plant genetic resources. Hence, the objective of this work was to develop a cryopreservation protocol for shoot tips of P. glomerata using vitrification techniques. For cryopreservation, shoot tips (ST) from in vitro grown plants were pre-cultured for 19 hr on MS medium containing 0.3 M sucrose, treated with loading and vitrification solutions prior to rapid freezing by direct plunge in liquid nitrogen, rapid thawing on a water bath at 38±2 °C and treatment with a dilution solution. Three vitrification solutions (PVS2, PVS3 and PVS4), three exposure times (20 min., 40 min. and 60 min.) and two temperatures (25 °C and 0 °C) were tested. After cryopreservation, rewarmed shoot tips were inoculated on MS growth medium and the best regeneration percentages were 63%, 42% and 65% for shoot tips treated with PVS2, PVS3 and PVS4, respectively, for 60 min., at 25 °C. The results obtained show that vitrification with PVS2 and PVS4, at 25 °C, for 60 min were the best treatments for successful cryopreservation of shoot tips of in vitro grown plantlets of P. glomerata and that cryopreservation is suitable for ex situ conservation of the germplasm of this medicinal species.
Shading on Yield and Quality of Lettuce Cultivars in Semiarid Conditions
Authors: Júnior Claudio de O. Costa , Queiroga Roberto Cleiton F. de , Sousa Caio da S. , Figueiredo Cidia Cilene de , Mesquita Evandro Franklin de , Pereira Francisco Hevilásio F. , Maia Júnior II Sebastião de O. , Alves Jackson de M. , Lima Alex Serafim de , Lima Santos Albanisa P. de
Published: July 2019

Lettuce is a crop originating from temperate climate, and for this reason, when cultivated in semiarid region, characterized by high luminosity and temperature, major losses in productivity and quality occur. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different levels of shade on yield and quality of lettuce cultivars in semiarid conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at the Human and Agricultural Sciences Center at State University of Paraiba, Brazil, in randomized blocks with parcels divided into 4 × 4 factorial space, and four repetitions. The parcels received different shading levels (0, 30, 50 and 70%) with black polypropylene screen and sub parcels by lettuce cultivars: ‘Americana Irene’, ‘White Boston’, ‘Regina de Verão’ and ‘Green Salad Bowl’. The shading promoted higher performance in height, stem diameter, root length, pH and dry mass of lettuce plants when compared to those grown in the open-air, being the shading of 70% the more efficient. The ‘Americana Irene’ cultivar was distinguished in terms of plant height, foliage area, leaves dry mass and soluble solids, independently from the cultivation environment. With the shading, this cultivar improved the aerial shoot-root ratio and root dry mass.