bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Serological testing in frontline health workers in Zimbabwe
Authors: Rusakaniko Simbarashe , Sibanda Elopy Nemele , Mduluza Takafira , Tagwireyi Paradzayi , Dhlamini Zephaniah , Ndhlovu Chiratidzo Ellen , Chandiwana Precious , Chiwambutsa Shingirai , Lim Rivka May , Scott Fiona , Sibanda Lindiwe Majele , Mutapi Francisca
Published: March 2021

Background

In order to protect health workers from SARS-CoV-2, there is need to characterise the different types of patient facing health workers. Our first aim was to determine both the infection status and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in health workers. Our second aim was to evaluate the occupational and demographic predictors of seropositivity to inform the country’s infection prevention and control (IPC) strategy.

Methods and principal findings

We invited 713 staff members at 24 out of 35 health facilities in the City of Bulawayo in Zimbabwe. Compliance to testing was defined as the willingness to uptake COVID-19 testing by answering a questionnaire and providing samples for both antibody testing and PCR testing. SARS-COV-2 antibodies were detected using a rapid diagnostic test kit and SAR-COV-2 infection was determined by real-time (RT)-PCR. Of the 713 participants, 635(89%) consented to answering the questionnaire and providing blood sample for antibody testing while 560 (78.5%) agreed to provide nasopharyngeal swabs for the PCR SARS-CoV-2 testing. Of the 635 people (aged 18–73) providing a blood sample 39.1% reported a history of past COVID-19 symptoms while 14.2% reported having current symptoms of COVID-19. The most-prevalent co-morbidity among this group was hypertension (22.0%) followed by asthma (7.0%) and diabetes (6.0%). The SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence was 8.9%. Of the 560 participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2 participants (0.36%) were positive for SAR-CoV-2 infection by PCR testing. None of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive people were positive for SAR-CoV-2 infection by PCR testing.

Conclusion and interpretation

In addition to clinical staff, several patient-facing health workers were characterised within Zimbabwe’s health system and the seroprevalence data indicated that previous exposure to SAR-CoV-2 had occurred across the full spectrum of patient-facing staff with nurses and nurse aides having the highest seroprevalence. Our results highlight the need for including the various health workers in IPC strategies in health centres to ensure effective biosecurity and biosafety.
A model based on Bayesian confirmation and machine learning algorithms to aid archaeological interpretation by integrating incompatible data
Authors: Vos Daniella , Stafford Richard , Jenkins Emma L. , Garrard Andrew
Published: March 2021

The interpretation of archaeological features often requires a combined methodological approach in order to make the most of the material record, particularly from sites where this may be limited. In practice, this requires the consultation of different sources of information in order to cross validate findings and combat issues of ambiguity and equifinality. However, the application of a multiproxy approach often generates incompatible data, and might therefore still provide ambiguous results. This paper explores the potential of a simple digital framework to increase the explanatory power of multiproxy data by enabling the incorporation of incompatible, ambiguous datasets in a single model. In order to achieve this, Bayesian confirmation was used in combination with decision trees. The results of phytolith and geochemical analyses carried out on soil samples from ephemeral sites in Jordan are used here as a case study. The combination of the two datasets as part of a single model enabled us to refine the initial interpretation of the use of space at the archaeological sites by providing an alternative identification for certain activity areas. The potential applications of this model are much broader, as it can also help researchers in other domains reach an integrated interpretation of analysis results by combining different datasets.
How does spectator presence affect football? Home advantage remains in European top-class football matches played without spectators during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wunderlich Fabian , Weigelt Matthias , Rein Robert , Memmert Daniel
Published: March 2021

The present paper investigates factors contributing to the home advantage, by using the exceptional opportunity to study professional football matches played in the absence of spectators due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. More than 40,000 matches before and during the pandemic, including more than 1,000 professional matches without spectators across the main European football leagues, have been analyzed. Results support the notion of a crowd-induced referee bias as the increased sanctioning of away teams disappears in the absence of spectators with regard to fouls (p < .001), yellow cards (p < .001), and red cards (p < .05). Moreover, the match dominance of home teams decreases significantly as indicated by shots (p < .001) and shots on target (p < .01). In terms of the home advantage itself, surprisingly, only a non-significant decrease is found. While the present paper supports prior research with regard to a crowd-induced referee bias, spectators thus do not seem to be the main driving factor of the home advantage. Results from amateur football, being naturally played in absence of a crowd, provide further evidence that the home advantage is predominantly caused by factors not directly or indirectly attributable to a noteworthy number of spectators.
The Simpsons did it: Exploring the film trope space and its large scale structure
Authors: García-Sánchez Pablo , Velez-Estevez Antonio , Julián Merelo Juan , Cobo Manuel Jesús
Published: March 2021

Creating a story is a challenging task due to the the complex relations between the parts that make it up, which is why many new stories are built on those cohesive elements or patterns, calledtropesthat have been shown to work in the past. A trope is a recurring storytelling device or pattern, or sometimes a meta-element, used by the authors to express ideas that the audience can recognize or relate to, such as theHero’s Journey. Discovering tropes and how they cluster in popular works and doing it at scale to generate new plots may benefit writers; in this paper, we analyze them and use a principled procedure to identify trope combinations, or communities, that could possible be successful. The degree of development of these different communities can help us identify areas that are under-developed and, thus, susceptible to such a type of development. To detect these communities, with their associated degree of development and interest, we propose a methodology based on scientometric and complex network analysis techniques. As a secondary objective, we will obtain a general perspective in the trope and films network: thetropesphere. We have used a dataset of 10,766 movies and 25,776 tropes associated with them, together with rating, genres and popularity. Our analysis has shown that not only there are different trope communities associated with specific genres, and that there are significant differences between the rating and popularity of these communities but also there are differences on the level of development between them: emerging/declining, specific, transversal or motor.
24 hour consultant obstetrician presence on the labour ward and intrapartum outcomes in a large unit in England: A time series analysis
Authors: Morad Sharon , Pitches David , Girling Alan , Taylor Beck , Fradd Vikki , MacArthur Christine , Kenyon Sara
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To explore the effect of introducing 24/7 resident labour ward consultant presence on neonatal and maternal outcomes in a large obstetric unit in England.

Design

Retrospective time sequence analysis of routinely collected data.

Setting

Obstetric unit of large teaching hospital in England.

Participants

Women and babies delivered between1 July 2011 and 30 June 2017. Births <24 weeks gestation or by planned caesarean section were excluded.

Main outcome measures

The primary composite outcome comprised intrapartum stillbirth, neonatal death, babies requiring therapeutic hypothermia, or admission to neonatal intensive care within three hours of birth. Secondary outcomes included markers of neonatal and maternal morbidity. Planned subgroup analyses investigated gestation (<34 weeks; 34–36 weeks; ≥37 weeks) and time of day.

Results

17324 babies delivered before and 16110 after 24/7 consultant presence. The prevalence of the primary outcome increased by 0.65%, from 2.07% (359/17324) before 24/7 consultant presence to 2.72% (438/16110, P < 0.001) after 24/7 consultant presence which was consistent with an upward trend over time already well established before 24/7 consultant presence began (OR 1.09 p.a.; CI 1.04 to 1.13). Overall, there was no change in this trend associated with the transition to 24/7. However, in babies born ≥37 weeks gestation, the upward trend was reversed after implementation of 24/7 (OR 0.67 p.a.; CI 0.49 to 0.93; P = 0.017). No substantial differences were shown in other outcomes or subgroups.

Conclusions

Overall, resident consultant obstetrician presence 24/7 on labour ward was not associated with a change in a pre-existing trend of increasing adverse infant outcomes. However, 24/7 presence was associated with a reversal in increasing adverse outcomes for term babies.
Impact of estrogen deficiency on diaphragm and leg muscle contractile function in female mdx mice
Authors: Vang Pangdra , Baumann Cory W. , Barok Rebecca , Larson Alexie A. , Dougherty Brendan J. , Lowe Dawn A.
Published: March 2021

Female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) presenting with DMD symptomology similar to males with DMD, such as skeletal muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy, are termed manifesting carriers. There is phenotypic variability among manifesting carriers including the age of onset, which can range from the first to fourth decade of life. In females, estrogen levels typically begin to decline during the fourth decade of life and estrogen deficiency contributes to loss of muscle strength and recovery of strength following injury. Thus, we questioned whether the decline of estrogen impacts the development of DMD symptoms in females. To address this question, we studied 6–8 month-old homozygous mdx female mice randomly assigned to a sham or ovariectomy (OVX) surgical group. In vivo whole-body plethysmography assessed ventilatory function and diaphragm muscle strength was measured in vitro before and after fatigue. Anterior crural muscles were analyzed in vivo for contractile function, fatigue, and in response to eccentric contraction (ECC)-induced injury. For the latter, 50 maximal ECCs were performed by the anterior crural muscles to induce injury. Body mass, uterine mass, hypoxia-hypercapnia ventilatory response, and fatigue index were analyzed by a pooled unpaired t-test. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyze ventilatory measurements. Fatigue and ECC-injury recovery experiments were analyzed by a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Results show no differences between sham and OVX mdx mice in ventilatory function, strength, or recovery of strength after fatigue in the diaphragm muscle or anterior crural muscles (p ≥ 0.078). However, OVX mice had significantly greater eccentric torque loss and blunted recovery of strength after ECC-induced injury compared to sham mice (p ≤ 0.019). Although the results show that loss of estrogen has minimal impact on skeletal muscle contractile function in female mdx mice, a key finding suggests that estrogen is important in muscle recovery in female mdx mice after injury.
Population genomics of the pathogenic yeast Candida tropicalis identifies hybrid isolates in environmental samples
Authors: O’Brien Caoimhe E. , Oliveira-Pacheco João , Ó Cinnéide Eoin , Haase Max A. B. , Hittinger Chris Todd , Rogers Thomas R. , Zaragoza Oscar , Bond Ursula , Butler Geraldine
Published: March 2021

Candida tropicalisis a human pathogen that primarily infects the immunocompromised. Whereas the genome of one isolate,C.tropicalisMYA-3404, was originally sequenced in 2009, there have been no large-scale, multi-isolate studies of the genetic and phenotypic diversity of this species. Here, we used whole genome sequencing and phenotyping to characterize 77 isolates ofC.tropicalisfrom clinical and environmental sources from a variety of locations. We show that mostC.tropicalisisolates are diploids with approximately 2–6 heterozygous variants per kilobase. The genomes are relatively stable, with few aneuploidies. However, we identified one highly homozygous isolate and six isolates ofC.tropicaliswith much higher heterozygosity levels ranging from 36–49 heterozygous variants per kilobase. Our analyses show that the heterozygous isolates represent two different hybrid lineages, where the hybrids share one parent (A) with most otherC.tropicalisisolates, but the second parent (B or C) differs by at least 4% at the genome level. Four of the sequenced isolates descend from an AB hybridization, and two from an AC hybridization. The hybrids areMTLa/α heterozygotes. Hybridization, or mating, between different parents is therefore common in the evolutionary history ofC.tropicalis. The new hybrids were predominantly found in environmental niches, including from soil. Hybridization is therefore unlikely to be associated with virulence. In addition, we used genotype-phenotype correlation and CRISPR-Cas9 editing to identify a genome variant that results in the inability of one isolate to utilize certain branched-chain amino acids as a sole nitrogen source.
Classical complement and inflammasome activation converge in CD14highCD16- monocytes in HIV associated TB-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Lage Silvia Lucena , Wong Chun-Shu , Amaral Eduardo Pinheiro , Sturdevant Daniel , Hsu Denise C. , Rupert Adam , Wilson Eleanor M. P. , Qasba S. Sonia , Naqvi Nuha Sultana , Laidlaw Elizabeth , Lisco Andrea , Manion Maura , Sereti Irini
Published: March 2021

Inflammasome-derived cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and complement cascade have been independently implicated in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB)-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS), a complication affecting HIV+ individuals starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although sublytic deposition of the membrane attack complex (MAC) has been shown to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation, it is unknown whether these pathways may cooperatively contribute to TB-IRIS. To evaluate the activation of inflammasome, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-TB co-infected patients prior to ART and at the IRIS or equivalent timepoint were incubated with a probe used to assess active caspase-1/4/5 followed by screening of ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain) specks as a readout of inflammasome activation by imaging flow cytometry. We found higher numbers of monocytes showing spontaneous caspase-1/4/5+ASC-speck formation in TB-IRIS compared to TB non-IRIS patients. Moreover, numbers of caspase-1/4/5+ASC-speck+ monocytes positively correlated with IL-1β/IL-18 plasma levels. Besides increased systemic levels of C1q and C5a, TB-IRIS patients also showed elevated C1q and C3 deposition on monocyte cell surface, suggesting aberrant classical complement activation. A clustering tSNE analysis revealed TB-IRIS patients are enriched in a CD14highCD16- monocyte population that undergoes MAC deposition and caspase-1/4/5 activation compared to TB non-IRIS patients, suggesting complement-associated inflammasome activation during IRIS events. Accordingly, PBMCs from patients were more sensitive to ex-vivo complement-mediated IL-1β secretion than healthy control cells in a NLRP3-dependent manner. Therefore, our data suggest complement-associated inflammasome activation may fuel the dysregulated TB-IRIS systemic inflammatory cascade and targeting this pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach for IRIS or related inflammatory syndromes.
Bacteria primed by antimicrobial peptides develop tolerance and persist
Authors: Rodríguez-Rojas Alexandro , Baeder Desiree Y. , Johnston Paul , Regoes Roland R. , Rolff Jens
Published: March 2021

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key components of innate immune defenses. Because of the antibiotic crisis, AMPs have also come into focus as new drugs. Here, we explore whether prior exposure to sub-lethal doses of AMPs increases bacterial survival and abets the evolution of resistance. We show that Escherichia coli primed by sub-lethal doses of AMPs develop tolerance and increase persistence by producing curli or colanic acid, responses linked to biofilm formation. We develop a population dynamic model that predicts that priming delays the clearance of infections and fuels the evolution of resistance. The effects we describe should apply to many AMPs and other drugs that target the cell surface. The optimal strategy to tackle tolerant or persistent cells requires high concentrations of AMPs and fast and long-lasting expression. Our findings also offer a new understanding of non-inherited drug resistance as an adaptive response and could lead to measures that slow the evolution of resistance.
Molecular characterization of Salmonella spp. isolates from river and dam water, irrigated vegetables, livestock, and poultry manures in Jordan
Authors: Tarazi Yaser H. , Al Dwekat Abdallah F. , Ismail Zuhair Bani
Published: March 2021

Background and Aim: Salmonellosis is an important food-borne and zoonotic disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. The objectives of this study were to isolate, serotype, and genetically characterize Salmonella spp. from Zarqa river and King Talal dam waters, vegetables irrigated by such waters, and manure of poultry and livestock farms located in the Zarqa river basin in Jordan. In addition, certain virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated Salmonella strains were determined.

Materials and Methods: A total of 250 samples were cultured using routine microbiological methods. Suspected Salmonella spp. were identified based on colony morphology and confirmed using biochemical and molecular methods. Virulence genes including invA, stn, and pCT plasmid were detected using multiplex PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Results: In total, 32/250 (12.8%) Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered from different sources. Of these, the most common serotype was Salmonella subspecies 1 (23 isolates), followed by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (4 isolates), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (3 isolates), and finally Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (2 isolates). The PFGE indicated that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from poultry manure and from parsley were closely related (84.6%). Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from the dam water was closely related to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from spearmint (73.8%). Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from the river and dam water were 100% related to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from lettuce. In the antimicrobial sensitivity test, 14 out of 32 (43.8%) isolated Salmonella strains were resistant to two or more of the major antimicrobial agent groups. However, the majority of isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, and gentamicin (97%, 93.8%, and 87.5%, 84.4%, respectively). All isolates were resistant to erythromycin and amoxicillin.

Conclusion: Results of this study indicate a serious potential threat to public health associated with consuming leafy green vegetables grown on the banks of Zarqa river and its dam because of widespread Salmonella spp. contamination. Appropriate monitoring of irrigation water must be applied to reduce the possibility of cross-contamination.
Wound healing properties of Gliricidia sepium leaves from Indonesia and the Philippines in rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Aulanni'am Aulaani'am , Ora Krismal Marchel , Ariandini Nisa Ain , Wuragil Dyah Kinasih , Permata Fajar Shodiq , Riawan Wibi , Beltran Ma Asuncion Guiang
Published: March 2021

Background and Aim: Gliricidia sepium is a medium-sized leguminous plant found widely in tropical to subtropical areas. It has been used as a medicinal ingredient and in rodenticides by local communities in both Indonesia and the Philippines. This study aimed to investigate the wound healing effects of an ointment containing G. sepium leaves on inflammatory cells using a rat model. We also determined its effect on the expression of interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-1β.

Materials and Methods: We used 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months and weighing 150-200 g. They were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines), and the ointment therapies were applied to wounds for 3 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine the inflammatory cells microscopically. IL-1β and IL-6 expression were observed immunohistochemically.

Results: G. sepium leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of inflammatory cells, and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the group treated with Indonesian G. sepium leaves was higher than that in the group treated with G. sepium leaves from the Philippines. The leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which act as anti-inflammatory agents to enhance the wound healing process.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that G. sepium leaves from both the Philippines and Indonesia possess wound healing properties.
As Belas mortes de Sócrates e o encantamento da celebração dos mortos em Atenas
Authors: Ribeiro Adriano Machado
Published: March 2021

O proposito deste artigo é mostrar que em Platão há um elogio de Sócrates em vista do modo pelo qual ele morreu e compreendeu a morte.
Ensino da Filosofia: uma leitura crítica da filosofia subjacente às Orientações Curriculares do MEC
Authors: Barreira Marcelo Martins
Published: March 2021

O artigo elabora uma critica Ã  opção filosofica e pedagógica das Orientações Curriculares para o Ensino Médio elaboradas pelo MEC.
Educação e Filosofia para além dos processos de domesticação e bestialização dos indivíduos
Authors: Da Costa Almeida Davi
Published: March 2021

Educação e filosofia para além dos processos de domesticação e de bestialização dos indivíduos

Resumo: O presente artigo traça um paralelo entre a educação, a ética e o ensino de filosofia para além dos processos de domesticação e de bestialização dos indivíduos na contemporaneidade. Tal problemática tem seu ponto de partida com a crise do humanismo que afeta toda a estrutura educacional. Dentro deste contexto da crise do humanismo podemos nos perguntar: qual é a função da escola desde as suas origens no século XVIII até os dias de hoje? Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é pensar os processos de domesticação e de bestialização dos indivíduos e suas relações com a educação e a filosofia. A filosofia, assim, apresenta-se como uma forma crítica de pensar que auxilia esta tarefa.

Palavras-chave: humanismo; educação; filosofia.

Education and philosophy beyond the processes of domestication and bestialization of individuals

Abstract: This article draws a parallel between education, ethics and the teaching of philosophy beyond the processes of domestication and bestialization of individuals in the contemporary world. This problem has its starting point with the crisis of humanism that affects the entire educational structure. Within this context of the crisis of humanism we can ask ourselves: what is the function of the school from its origins in the eighteenth century to the present day? Therefore, the objective of this work is to think about the processes of domestication and bestialization of individuals and their relations with education and philosophy. Philosophy thus presents itself as a critical way of thinking that assists this task.

Key words: humanism; education; philosophy.

Educación y filosofía más allá de los procesos de domesticación y bestialización de individuos

Resumen: Este artículo establece un paralelismo entre la educación, la ética y la enseñanza de la filosofía más allá de los procesos de domesticación y bestialización de las personas en el mundo contemporáneo. Este problema tiene su punto de partida con la crisis del humanismo que afecta a toda la estructura educativa. Dentro de este contexto de crisis del humanismo podemos preguntarnos: ¿cuál es la función de la escuela desde sus orígenes en el siglo XVIII hasta nuestros días? Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es pensar en los procesos de domesticación y bestialización de los individuos y sus relaciones con la educación y la filosofía. La filosofía se presenta así como una forma crítica de pensar que ayuda a esta tarea.

Palabras clave: humanismo; educación; filosofía.

Data de registro: 22/08/2019Data de aceite: 22/07/2020
Entre Mead e Heidegger: a interioridade desdobrada e a formaçâo humana
Authors: Silva da Silveira Marli Teresinha , Girardi Rodrigues Raísla , Cenci Angelo Vitorio
Published: March 2021

Entre Mead e Heidegger: a interioridade desdobrada e a formaçâo humana

Resumo: O artigo visa aproximar a abordagem da psicologia social de Mead e a perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial de Martin Heidegger da noção de interioridade desdobrada. Tal aproximação permite sustentar que há uma radical e inseparável reciprocidade entre homem/mulher e mundo. A radicalidade de tal reciprocidade suplanta a dicotomia interioridade e exterioridade, reaproximando o corpo do tempo, lugar mesmo da abertura existencial humana. Apresenta-se a noção de “self” como processo e a mente como resposta comportamental interativa com vistas a relacioná-la ao modo de ser-no-mundo. Também, uma breve incursão à psicologia de viés fenomenológico-existencial, buscando articular o interacionismo de Mead e a analítica existencial de Heidegger e suas implicações para o campo da formação humana.Palavras-chave: Self. Dasein. Interioridade desdobrada. Formação humana

Between Mead and Heidegger: the unfolded interiority and the human formation

Abstract: The article aims to approximate Mead's approach to social psychology and Martin Heidegger's phenomenological-existential perspective to the notion of unfolded interiority. Such an approach allows us to maintain that there is a radical and inseparable reciprocity between man / woman and the world. The radicality of such reciprocity supersedes the dichotomy interiority and exteriority, bringing the body of time closer together, the very place of human existential openness. The notion of “self” as a process and the mind as an interactive behavioral response is presented in order to relate it to the way of being in the world. Also, a brief foray into existential-phenomenological psychology, seeking to articulate Mead's interactionism and Heidegger's existential analytics and their implications for the field of human formationKeywords: Self. Dasein. Unfolded interiority. Human Formation.

Entre Mead y Heidegger: la interioridad desarrollada y la formación humana

Resumen: El artículo tiene como objetivo aproximar el enfoque de Mead a la psicología social y la perspectiva fenomenológica-existencial de Martin Heidegger a la noción desplegada de interioridad. Tal enfoque nos permite mantener que existe una reciprocidad radical e inseparable entre el hombre / mujer y el mundo. La radicalidad de tal reciprocidad suplanta la dicotomía de interioridad y exterioridad, devolviendo al cuerpo al tiempo, el lugar de la apertura existencial humana. La noción de "yo" se presenta como un proceso y la mente como una respuesta interactiva de comportamiento para relacionarlo con la forma de ser-en-el-mundo. Además, una breve incursión en la psicología del sesgo fenomenológico-existencial, buscando articular el interaccionismo de Mead y el análisis existencial de Heidegger y sus implicaciones para el campo de la formación humana.Palabras clave: auto. Dasein Interioridad desplegada. Formación humana

Data de registro: 27/07/2020Data de aceite: 08/12/2020
Direito à Prisão Especial
Authors: Zacarias Coelho Fernanda Cristina
Published: March 2021

No presente trabalho, discute-se a prisão especial reservada a portadores de diploma, nos termos previstos no artigo 295, inciso VII, do Código de Processo Penal. O estudo convida à reflexão acerca do caráter discriminatório do instituto, por possibilitar tratamento diferenciado entre presos, tratamento este condicionado não a contingências referentes a cada caso concreto (baseadas, por exemplo, na necessidade de se garantir a integridade do próprio detento), mas exclusivamente ao grau de instrução. No desenvolvimento, são apontados os confrontos mais visíveis entre a norma e os preceitos consagrados na Constituição Federal de 1988, com especial destaque à discussão inaugurada perante a Suprema Corte brasileira, com o ajuizamento da ADPF n.º 334/2015. Por sua vez, a análise jus-filosófica, derivada da reflexão kantiana acerca do agir moral, tem seus contornos definidos na teoria crítica capitaneada por Jürgen Habermas que, baseando-se nas pesquisas de Mead, Kohlberg e Piaget, auxilia-nos a responder à pergunta de que se ocupa o título.
Anotações sobre o Monitoramento Eletrônico de Presos no Brasil
Authors: Miranda de Freitas Cláudia Regina , Pelegrino Flávia Werneck
Published: March 2021

O monitoramento eletrônico de presos é um assunto que tem sido muito debatido em razão da sua relevância e atualidade, embora não seja tão recente. Este instituto carrega diversas particularidades, assim como divide opiniões. Os principais diplomas legais que tratam a questão da adoção do Monitoramento Eletrônico de Presos no Brasil são as Leis nº 12.258/2010 e a Lei nº 12.403/2011. Este trabalho busca apresentar as razões da utilização deste equipamento não só no Brasil, assim como em outras partes do mundo, como Europa e Estados Unidos. Ademais, busca apresentar suas características, o modo de funcionamento, as hipóteses de cabimento e sua aplicabilidade à luz do que determina a legislação vigente no país. Também serão expostas as opiniões de especialistas favoráveis e contrários à implantação do referido sistema. Discute-se, ainda, os benefícios do uso do monitoramento eletrônico para o Estado como medida alternativa e de menor custo apta a viabilizar a política de desencarceramento e incentivo à ressocialização dos condenados.
Sustainable Community Development for Developing of Coastal Areas in Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Saparita Rachmini , Nanang Surachman Diki , M. Astro Hendarwin , Sukirno Sukirno , Karsani Apriliyadi Eki
Published: March 2021

Community empowerment activities are carried out in Alor Regency - East Nusa Tenggara through the application of fish-based food processing technology in 2018 & 2019, aimed at improving the community’s economy in the coastal area of Alor Island and building the concept of sustainable empowerment. The intervention stage is approached by the Community Capacity Building method. Community empowerment carried out through the transfer of knowledge and technology with continuous assistance has implications for improving coastal communities’ skills and the use of technology to increase added value to get better income. In order for community empowerment to be sustainable, LIPI and the local government of Alor Regency have developed a community empowerment concept that local governments can implement to develop their areas and communities in a better and more competitive direction. By collaborating between R & D institutions, local governments, and business actors (triple helix) and the market, it is hoped that the economy of the people in the coastal area of Alor Island will run well and can be a lever in the development of areas based on the use of technology in the community.
Ist das Technik oder kann das weg?
Authors: Kornwachs Klaus
Published: March 2021

Reversible Technologien sind solche, die man zurücknehmen kann, d. h. sie können abgeschaltet, abgebaut und ggf. durch bestehende neue Technologien ersetzt werden. Irreversible Technologien stellen eine Belastung dar. Es wird eine Typologie der Rücknehmbarkeit resp. Reversibilität entwickelt und anhand von irreversiblen Technologien diskutiert. Es wird vorgeschlagen, Reversibilität als ein Wertekriterium der Technikbewertung aufzunehmen und es werden einige Überlegungen zur Gestaltung von reversiblen Technologien vorgestellt.
Avances en la nomenclatura de la flora del Cono Sur: Ranunculus grisebachii (Ranunculaceae), un nombre de reemplazo para Ranunculus sarmentosus
Authors: Zanotti Christian A.
Published: March 2021

In the framework of the continuous updating of the relational database “Documenta Florae Australis”, a new name is proposed here, Ranunculus grisebachii, to replace the illegitimate homonym Ranunculus sarmentosus published by Grisebach in 1879.
Iklim Organisasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Strategi Mempertahankan Karyawan: Studi Pada Perusahaan Dealer Mobil Pekanbaru
Authors: Kasmiruddin Kasmiruddin , Ruzikna Ruzikna , Othman Lie , Nurjanah Nurjanah
Published: March 2021

The desire to leave the company or called turnover intention will interfere with organizational performance in realizing the company's goals to win business competition. Turnover intention is likened to a disease that is difficult to cure by a company so that it becomes a challenge for companies to try to retain experienced employees. It is important for leaders to create an organizational climate and employee job satisfaction so that it can be a strategy for maintaining employee presence in the company. This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational climate and job satisfaction on the desire to leave the company. The population or research object is one of the dealer companies that are experienced in the city of Pekanbaru, namely Truck Car Dealers. Data collection using a questionnaire, and data analysis using SmartPLS 2.0 analysis. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) for the variable willingness to leave was 0.589. This means that the output desire construct variable can be explained by the variability of organizational climate and job satisfaction of 58.90% while the remaining 41.10% is explained by other variables outside the research model. It is proven that there is a significant influence of organizational climate on the desire to leave the company and job satisfaction on the desire to leave the company. Recommendations that it is important for company leaders to improve the quality of the organizational climate by providing better work facilities and employee job satisfaction through increasing the provision of more attractive incentives or bonuses.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah iklim organisasi dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keinginan keluar karyawan, dan menentukan apakah iklim organisasi dan kepuasan kerja efektif sebagai strategi mempertahankan karyawan pada Perusahaan Dealer Mobil di Pekanbaru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode kuantitatif dengan tipe penelitian eksplanatori, dan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang terdiri dari 32 pertanyaan; Sampel terdiri dari 100 responden karyawan dari populasi sebesar 118 karyawan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive smpling. Data yang dikumpulkan dari kuesioner menggunakan pengukuran skala likert dan pengolahan data menggunakan statistik regresi liner berganda melalui SPSS versi 22.0. Temuan hasil penelitian: 1) iklim organisasi dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap keinginan karyawan keluar dari perusahaan; 2)Ikllim organisasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap keinginan karyawan keluar dari perusahaan; 3)kepuasan kerja memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keinginan karyawan keluar perusahaan. Implikasi hasil penelitian, iklim organisasi dan kepuasan kerja sebagai strategi mempertahankan karyawan sudah tepat secara kolaborasi, tapi tidak efektif sebagai strategi tunggal.
The effects of zinc biofortification of seeds and NPK fertilizer application on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: EIFEDIYI Ehiokhilen Kevin , ILORI Grace Adejoke , AHAMEFULE Henry Emeka , IMAM Abduquadir Yusuf
Published: March 2021

Soils of the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria are inherently infertile due to shortened fallow period and the continuous use of inorganic fertilizer which depletes the soil of micronutrients such as zinc over time. A field trial was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria during the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of zinc and NPK fertilizer on the growth, yield and zinc concentration of seeds of sesame. The experiment was laid out as a factorial fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of four levels of ZnSO4 (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1) and four levels of NPK 15:15:15 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1). Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using new Duncan multiple range test at 5 % level of probability. Results obtained showed significant effects of Zn and NPK rates on plant height, number of leaves, yield per plot and yield per hectare. The application of 15 kg ha-1 Zn and 300 kg ha-1 (15:15:15) NPK resulted in high yield and high zinc content of seeds.
Induction of defence related enzymes and biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum in tomato plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani
Authors: RASHID Tavga Sulaiman , QADIR Sirwa Anwar , AWLA Hayman Kakakhan
Published: March 2021

Fusarium wilt of tomato plants caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Snyder & Hansen and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. are serious problem limiting tomato production worldwide. Biological control has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to chemical fungicides. The biological control capability of a T. harzianum isolate against F. solani and F. oxysporum has been investigated. It inhibited colony growth of two Fusarium species by more than 80 % in dual culture tests. Results of greenhouse experiments revealed that disease severity in the tomato plants co-inoculated with T. harzianum was significantly lower than plants only infected with the Fusarium pathogens. Tomato plants inoculated with the antagonistic T. harzianum isolate, showed enhanced peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in greenhouse experiments and increased resistance to F. solani and F. oxysporum. The T. harzianum isolate indirectly affected the Fusarium pathogens by enhancing plant defence.
Salt and drought stress exhibits oxidative stress and modulated protein patterns in roots and leaves of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Authors: SHAREEF Hussein J. , AL-KHAYRI Jameel M.
Published: March 2021

The formation of new proteins under the influence of harsh environmental conditions is a plant adaptation reaction. Two-year-old date palm tissue culture-derived plants from ‘Barhee’ grown in the field were subjected to salt stress (70 g l-1 NaCl) and dehydration-induced by applying 70 g l-1 polyethylene glycol or without irrigation and withholding irrigation (0 g l-1) for one month. The soluble carbohydrate content increased in response to salinity and polyethylene glycol treatment in leaves compared to the control and drought treatment without irrigation. Proline increased in all treatments. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide increased under salinity. Salinity treatment increased the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme. Salinity and polyethylene glycol treatments increased abscisic acid, whereas the indoleacetic acid level decreased. The protein pattern of roots and leaves in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the stress conditions led to new protein bands' appearance and other proteins' disappearance. A comparison of protein patterns between the control and stress treatments revealed that the relative intensity of proteins in roots and leaves were more associated with salinity treatment than the drought. The results may be clearing important the molecular mechanism of tolerance under the influence of extreme environmental stress.
香港大专生普通话学习中“了”的偏误分析: 对体习得普遍趋势和多语教学的启示
Authors: 水英 姚
Published: March 2021

提 要

自1997年以来, 香港地区的普通话教育推广得到了极大的发展。不过, 鉴于多方面的限制和原因, 香港学生的所说所写还是无可避免地带着明显的“港式中文”的特点。本文详细分析了香港大专学生普通话学习过程中各种“了”的偏误行为, 包括不需用“了”而误用“了”、该用“了”而未用“了”、“无时态标记句”、与“有”的误用, 离合词中错用“了”等各种情况, 发现以粤语为母语的香港学生在习得普通话“了”时, 主要表现为体标记不足 (underuse) 的错误, 迥异于其他汉语为二语习得者的体标记泛化(overuse)的常见错误。不仅如此, 我们还发现在“两文三语”或者三语 (trilingual)环境下香港学生对于“了”的各种偏误主要是受了学生课堂强势语言英语的“语际迁移”(language transfer) 所致, 而非受学生的母语和最常用的生活用语 --- 粤语的影响, 印证了多语习得中强大的“第二语言地位因素假设” (the L2 status factor hypothesis) 在香港学生的三语习得过程中同样存在。这一有趣的现象无疑为多语环境下的语言教学带来了启示。
Polynomial bivariate copulas of degree five: characterization and some particular inequalities
Authors: Šeliga Adam , Kauers Manuel , Saminger-Platz Susanne , Mesiar Radko , Kolesárová Anna , Klement Erich Peter
Published: March 2021

Bivariate polynomial copulas of degree 5 (containing the family of Eyraud-Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copulas) are in a one-to-one correspondence to certain real parameter triplets (a,b,c), i.e., to some set of polynomials in two variables of degree 1:p(x,y) =ax+by+c. The set of the parameters yielding a copula is characterized and visualized in detail. Polynomial copulas of degree 5 satisfying particular (in)equalities (symmetry, Schur concavity, positive and negative quadrant dependence, ultramodularity) are discussed and characterized. Then it is shown that for polynomial copulas of degree 5 the values of several dependence parameters (including Spearman’s rho, Kendall’s tau, Blomqvist’s beta, and Gini’s gamma) lie in exactly the same intervals as for the Eyraud-Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copulas. Finally we prove that these dependence parameters attain all possible values in ]−1, 1[ if polynomial copulas of arbitrary degree are considered.
Analysis of oxide scale thickness and pores position of HCM12A steel in supercritical water
Authors: Sun Li , Yan Weiping
Published: March 2021

More attention has been paid to the exfoliation of oxide scale on high-temperature heating surface of utility boiler. The oxidation mechanism of HCM12A steel in supercritical water is proposed and the growth of oxide film is simulated. The duplex scale contains an outer magnetite layer and an inner Cr-rich spinel layer. According to the data of Backhaus and Töpfer, the diffusion coefficient values of iron in magnetite layer are discussed and the function of R
V,

R

I

{R}_{\text{I}}

for oxygen activity can be used for calculation of iron diffusion coefficients in Cr-rich spinel layer. Based on Wagner’s oxidation theory, the oxidation rate constants of HCM12A are calculated at 500 and 600°C in supercritical water, compared with experimental data of the relevant literatures. The oxygen activities at the interfaces of alloy/Cr-rich spinel oxide and magnetite/supercritical water are estimated. The simulation results of weight gain are matched with the test data. The iron diffusion mechanisms inside the magnetite layer and the Cr-rich spinel layer are analyzed. The iron diffusion coefficient at the interface of Cr-rich spinel/magnetite is discontinuous, while the oxygen activity is continuous in the whole double layer. The thickness of oxide scale on inner tube walls of the final superheater coils (T91) of a 600 MW supercritical boiler is calculated by using the calculation method provided by the paper. The modeling results, the measured data, and the calculation results by the method are compared. Accurate calculation of the thickness of the inner and outer oxide scales can provide a necessary basis for predicting the stress and exfoliation of oxide scales.
On 𝑝-parts of character codegrees
Authors: Qian Guohua , Zhou Yuanyang
Published: March 2021

Let 𝐺 be a finite group and 𝑝 a prime.
We define the codegree of

χ
∈

Irr
⁢

(
G
)

\chi\in\mathrm{Irr}(G)

by

cod

(
χ
)

=

|
G
:
ker
χ
|

/
χ

(
1
)

\operatorname{cod}(\chi)=\lvert G:\ker\chi\rvert/\chi(1)

and define

c
p

(
G
)

=
max

{

log
p

(
cod

(
χ
)

)

p

∣
χ
∈
Irr

(
G
)

}

c_{p}(G)=\max\{\log_{p}(\operatorname{cod}(\chi))_{p}\mid\chi\in\mathrm{Irr}(G)\}

.
In this paper, we show that

|

G
/

O

p
′

⁢
p

⁢

(
G
)

|

p

≤

p

c
p

⁢

(
G
)

\lvert G/O_{p^{\prime}p}(G)\rvert_{p}\leq p^{c_{p}(G)}

for all finite groups 𝐺 and characterize the finite groups 𝐺 with

c
p

⁢

(
G
)

≤
1

c_{p}(G)\leq 1

.
Hemioxonol dyes
Authors: Mustroph Heinz
Published: March 2021

Following the classification of hemicyanine dyes Leslie G. S. Brooker suggested the term hemioxonol dye be applied to the case of an oxonol colorant in which one of its terminal unsaturated heterocycles has been replaced by an open chain N(R1)R2 group or saturated heterocyclic ring. For historical reasons, dyes formed from the reaction of 4-N,N-dialkylaminobenzaldehydes or 4-N,N-dialkylaminocinnamaldehydes with a heterocycle containing an active methylene group adjacent to a carbonyl group are often called benzylidene dyes and cinnamylidene dyes, respectively. In terms of systematic nomenclature, their proper classification is as hemioxonol dyes. They are used as filter dyes and antihalation dyes in silver halide photography. Their current main usage is in dye diffusion thermal transfer printing (D2T2).
Estimating Time: Comparing the Accuracy of Estimation Methods for Interval Timing
Authors: Damsma Atser , Schlichting Nadine , van Rijn Hedderik , Roseboom Warrick
Published: March 2021

In interval timing experiments, motor reproduction is the predominant method used when participants are asked to estimate an interval. However, it is unknown how its accuracy, precision and efficiency compare to alternative methods, such as indicating the duration by spatial estimation on a timeline. In two experiments, we compared different interval estimation methods. In the first experiment, participants were asked to reproduce an interval by means of motor reproduction, timeline estimation, or verbal estimation. We found that, on average, verbal estimates were more accurate and precise than line estimates and motor reproductions. However, we found a bias towards familiar whole second units when giving verbal estimates. Motor reproductions were more precise, but not more accurate than timeline estimates. In the second experiment, we used a more complex task: Participants were presented a stream of digits and one target letter and were subsequently asked to reproduce both the interval to target onset and the duration of the total stream by means of motor reproduction and timeline estimation. We found that motor reproductions were more accurate, but not more precise than timeline estimates. In both experiments, timeline estimates had the lowest reaction times. Overall, our results suggest that the transformation of time into space has only a relatively minor cost. In addition, they show that each estimation method comes with its own advantages, and that the choice of estimation method depends on choices in the experimental design: for example, when using durations with integer durations verbal estimates are superior, yet when testing long durations, motor reproductions are time intensive making timeline estimates a more sensible choice.