bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Óbitos por distúrbios ventilatórios obstrutivos em adultos e idosos no Estado do Ceará entre os anos 2015 a 2019
Authors: Brito Débora Carla de Sousa , Santos Francisca Alana de Lima , França Tatianny Alves de , Mendonça Rejane Cristina Fiorelli de , Camurça Antônio José dos Santos , Farias Elisângela de Lavor , Costa Gardenia Maria Martins de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

Os distúrbios pulmonares são grandes causadores de óbitos na população mundial, sendo os distúrbios ventilatórios obstrutivos (DVO) um de seus tipos, podendo gerar obstrução crônica do fluxo aéreo não totalmente reversível.  Esse trabalho objetivou analisar os óbitos por distúrbios obstrutivos em adultos e idosos no Estado do Ceará entre os anos 2015 a 2019.  Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal, quantitativo, composta por dados de indivíduos de ambos os sexos, segundo consta no DataSUS, adotando como critério de inclusão jovens, adultos e idosos, seguindo os valores da faixa etária da população brasileira disposta pelo IBGE (20 a 80 anos ou mais), estando estes delimitados ao quadro de pacientes que apresentaram óbitos por DVO e que tivessem dado entrada em alguma Unidade Hospitalar, no estado do Ceará nos últimos 5 anos (2015-2019). Como resultado foi possível observar aumento no número de óbitos em indivíduos do sexo feminino, maiores de 70 anos, com ênfase no ano de 2017, tendo uma queda nos anos subsequentes. A patologia que apresentou o maior número de óbitos foi a DPOC afetando mais o sexo feminino, e com menor número a Bronquiectasia, sendo o sexo masculino o mais acometido. Nesse estudo foi possível visualizar que os óbitos por DVO aumentavam com o aumento da idade tendo ênfase no ano de 2017 e no sexo feminino, e quais patologias que levam ao óbito com maior frequência, possibilitando a busca de estratégias que evitam o aumento no número de casos dessas enfermidades.
Cuidados de enfermagem com pacientes terminais em um hospital de alta complexidade de Teresina-PI
Authors: Silva Ronnara Kauênia da , Santana Rosane da Silva , Jansen Ricardo Clayton Silva , Lopes Michelle Kerin , Nascimento Illana Silva , Gonçalves Pâmela Caroline Guimarães , Araujo Pollyana Rocha de , Baldoino Luciana Stanford , Brito Jéssyca Fernanda Pereira , Silva Camilla de Kássia Cruz da
Published: October 2020

Cuidados paliativos referem-se ao tratamento que pretende melhorar as condições para o bem-estar físico e psíquico dos pacientes e de seus familiares durante o enfrentamento de doenças terminais, a partir do reconhecimento precoce, da análise religiosa e do abrandamento da dor com base nos aspectos de ordem física, espiritual e psicossocial. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer os cuidados realizados pelos enfermeiros com os pacientes terminais em um hospital de alta complexidade em Teresina-PI. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de caráter descritivo. A pesquisa foi realizada em todas as unidades de internação que apresentavam pacientes terminais. Participaram do estudo onze enfermeiros que realizavam assistência direta aos pacientes terminais. Utilizou-se um roteiro com perguntas direcionadas para a caracterização dos entrevistados, guiadas para as questões norteadoras. A análise dos dados foi executada por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. A realização de medidas de conforto, alívio da dor, apoio psicológico e comunicação terapêutica com estabelecimento de vínculo entre profissionais, família e paciente são fatores extremamente importantes para indivíduos que enfrentam uma doença terminal. A atuação da equipe de Enfermagem no cuidado paliativo contribui para a manutenção da qualidade de vida de pacientes terminais e a partir disto, verifica-se a necessidade de profissionais qualificados e especializados para atuarem no cuidado a essa clientela dentro de instituições hospitalares de saúde.
Análise microbiológica do feijão caupi submetido a diferentes níveis de reposição hídrica com efluente doméstico tratado
Authors: Silva Elis Lei da , Gomes Filho Raimundo Rodrigues , Nunes Tatiana Pacheco , Carvalho Clayton Moura de , Faccioli Gregorio Guirado , Gomes Ítalo Ramon de Carvalho , Costa Douglas Romeu da , Pedrotti Alceu , Santos Myla Rebeca Andrade dos , Carvalho Leonaria Luna Silva de
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata) quando submetido a diferentes níveis de reposição hídrica em função da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) com três concentrações de efluente doméstico tratado. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos dispostos em Delineamento de Blocos Casualizados (DBC) em esquema fatorial 3 x 4. A cultura foi submetida a quatro níveis de reposição hídrica (75, 100, 125 e 150% da ETc) com três concentrações de efluente doméstico tratado (0, 50 e 100%), com quatro repetições. Para a concentração correspondente a 0% foi utilizada água de abastecimento urbano, enquanto que nas concentrações de 50 e 100%, o efluente foi coletado da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Foram avaliados: coliformes termotolerantes (NMP g-1) e Salmonella sp. Os resultados das amostras foram submetidos à análise de acordo com os parâmetros recomendados pela Resolução n° 12 de 02/01/2001 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA. Os resultados demonstraram a ausência de Samonella, bem como de microrganismos indicadores de contaminação fecal nos grãos de feijão caupi, independente do tratamento utilizado.
Atividade de monitoria como instrumento de ensino-aprendizagem durante a formação acadêmica em enfermagem
Authors: Paz Paloma Souza da , Silva Antônio Lúcio Passos da , Garcia Mikaelly Pinheiro , Lima Eurides Souza de
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: relatar a vivência dos monitores na disciplina Enfermagem na Saúde do Idoso do Curso de Enfermagem, referente às ações educativas desenvolvidas pelos acadêmicos. Método: Estudo qualitativo, de natureza descritiva do tipo relato de experiência vivenciado em um Instituto Superior de Ensino. Resultados e Discussão: as atividades foram realizadas por meio de visita, work shop acerca do idoso, conceituação da teoria do envelhecimento e tipos de violência contra a pessoa idosa. Diante da experiência, observou-se que apesar da idade, essa grande parcela da população precisa ter os cuidados necessários e não ser tão estigmatizada e vítima de preconceito. Considerações Finais: infere-se a monitoria é um instrumento que contribui na melhoria do ensino através de novas experiências pedagógicas que visem a relação entre a teoria e a prática e a participação mútua entre os alunos e discente.
Evidências científicas sobre os fatores de risco para desenvolver depressão no pós - parto
Authors: Leite Airton César , Silva Mariana Pereira Barbosa , Barbosa Flávia Nunes , Prado Amanda de Moraes , Brasil Laide dos Santos , Avelino Juliana Torres , Pinto Mateus  dos Santos Ramos , Barbosa Aline Maria Saraiva , Nascimento Klismann Walles Soares do , Fé Thatielly Rodrigues de Morais , Sousa Bianca Barroso de , Mendes Annarelly Morais , Sousa Sarah Vitória Floriano de , Prudêncio Laiana Dias , Gomes Midiã Carvalho , Andrade Tércio Macêdo de
Published: October 2020

Analisar a produção científica acerca dos fatores de risco para desenvolver depressão no pós-parto. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no período de agosto e setembro de 2020, A busca realizou-se por meio da plataforma da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), utilizando as bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e por meio do Portal Google Acadêmico, para efetuar a coleta de dados bibliográficos utilizou-se os seguintes descritores: “Fatores de risco”; “Depressão”; “Pós-parto”, combinados com o operador booleando “AND”. A literatura aponta que os fatores de risco para desenvolver depressão no pós-parto são: a idade, baixa renda econômica, baixa escolaridade, relação conjugal conflituosa, antecedentes psiquiátricos, uso de álcool e drogas, violência doméstica, abortos anteriores, falta de religião, partos anteriores complicados, conflitos familiares e gravidez na adolescência, após o nascimento do bebê. Evidenciou-se no estudo que diversos aspectos sociais, físicos e emocionais que influenciam no desencadeamento da depressão pós-parto, bem como as repercussões que essa patologia pode causar tanto na vida da mãe, no seu relacionamento mãe-bebê e conjugal, provocando uma inteira desordem no âmbito familiar e psicossocial.
Desempenho de plantas de cobertura estivais e influência em atributos de solo em unidade didática no Sudoeste do Paraná
Authors: Haskel Maiara Karini , Conceição Paulo Cesar , Cassol Cidimar , Derengoski Joseane Aparecida , Peruzzolo Dieyson Fernando , Bosco Ezequiel Dal
Published: October 2020

O cultivo de plantas de cobertura no sul do Brasil é predominante no período de inverno, apesar de existir espécies adaptadas para o período de verão, são limitadas as informações sobre o comportamento destas para a região. Deste modo, objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento de fabáceas estivais, em diferentes épocas de semeadura e seus efeitos no teor de N e densidade do solo (Ds). O experimento foi implantado em 2010, com 10 espécies de plantas de cobertura, semeadas em cinco épocas, de novembro a março de cada ano. Nas safras 2013/2014, 2014/2015 e 2015/2016 foram realizadas a determinação de matéria seca (MS) de plantas de cobertura, na última safra obtido o teor de nitrogênio (N) de tecido, disponibilização de N e densidade do solo (Ds). As plantas apresentaram maior produção de MS nas primeiras épocas de semeadura e maior teor de N em tecido quando semeadas em março, porém o maior fornecimento de N na área se dá nas primeiras épocas de semeadura, variando de 92 à 255 kg N ha-1. Os maiores teores de N no solo foram encontrados na camada superficial, exceto para a crotalária ocroleuca que apresentou maior teor médio de N na camada de 0,05-0,10 m. O menor valor médio de densidade foi encontrado na camada superficial, 1,02 Mg m-³, e o maior valor na camada 0,05-0,10 m, 1,23 Mg m-³, para as espécies de feijão de porco e mucuna cinza. As plantas de cobertura apresentam máximo potencial de desenvolvimento quando semeadas em novembro e dezembro.
Representações sociais de jovens em assentamentos rurais da Zona da Mata de Alagoas
Authors: Carvalho Géssika Cecília , Costa Maria Eduarda Lino da
Published: October 2020

Quando se fala em juventude rural, muitos trabalhos abordam o processo de sucessão familiar e expectativas de vida dentro do meio rural. Assim, é necessário analisar como os jovens que vivem no contexto do “rural” se definem e se percebem situados em uma conjuntura histórica própria e com problemas específicos. O presente trabalho objetivou compreender as percepções, vivências e representações sociais de jovens que moram em assentamentos rurais na Zona da Mata de Alagoas acerca da agricultura familiar e dos processos de socialização nos âmbitos da educação, do trabalho, familiar e na participação política. Para a coleta dos dados foram aplicados questionários com trinta e dois jovens que residem nos assentamentos.  Assim, percebeu-se que há uma baixa perspectiva de aumento da escolaridade e produção de renda no meio rural, que é conflitante com o desejo de permanência desses jovens em sua comunidade. Ficou evidente que a maioria gosta de morar na comunidade rural e de participar do trabalho no campo; bem como é grande o percentual dos que pretendem dar continuidade ao trabalho dos pais nos assentamentos e continuar morando neles. A participação em associações e cooperativas é baixa, mas em movimentos sociais é mais representativa. Além do desejo de permanência no ambiente rural, é grande a expectativa de concretização dos objetivos permanecendo nos assentamentos.
A estruturação do trabalho escolar ao aluno autista na escola de modalidade de educação especial: um estudo de caso no Norte do Paraná
Authors: Garcia Dorcely Isabel Bellanda , Jacomin Julia Gabriela , Dambros Aline Roberta Tacon , Favaro Neide de Almeida Lança Galvão
Published: October 2020

O artigo objetiva compreender a estruturação do trabalho escolar ao aluno autista em uma Escola de Educação Especial, no Norte do Estado do Paraná. Para isso discute, também, as Políticas Públicas voltadas ao Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e suas principais características. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa e de campo, e com entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisa como se estrutura o trabalho escolar, os atendimentos da equipe multiprofissional e o papel da família para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da criança. O estudo demonstrou que as Políticas Educacionais Inclusivas avançaram, no que se refere aos direitos do TEA, seja no contexto escolar ou social. O Estado do Paraná destaca-se pelo pioneirismo e ampliação de discussões e propostas nessa modalidade de ensino. Todavia, há muito que avançar perante as dificuldades e barreiras no processo de ensino e aprendizagem desses educandos. No caso em análise, o trabalho realizado pela equipe multiprofissional ainda se encontra em constante adaptação para com o aluno, pois nem todos os profissionais apresentam metodologias condizentes, faltam materiais para práticas pedagógicas diferenciadas e, em especial, capacitação profissional específica no trabalho com o TEA.
Tendência de suicídio na população idosa do Estado do Paraná, da região noroeste do Paraná e do Município de Maringá: uma análise crítica
Authors: Galdeano Vinicius Beithum , Vidual Matheus Lazarino , Carvalho Maria Dalva Barros , Souza Makcileni Paranho de
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência de mortalidade por suicídio de idosos no Paraná, na região noroeste do estado e cidade de Maringá. Métodos: estudo ecológico de séries temporais. Foram avaliados óbitos por suicídio no período de 2009 a 2018. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados: entre 2009 e 2018 houve 1113 óbitos por suicídio no estado,165 na região noroeste e 23 em Maringá. A mortalidade por suicídio mostrou tendência crescente no Estado nas faixas de 60-69 e 70-79 anos e constante na faixa de 80 anos e mais. Na região noroeste a tendência foi crescente para as faixas de 60- 69 e 70- 79 anos e decrescente em 80 anos e mais. Em Maringá a tendência foi decrescente em todas as faixas etárias. Conclusão: Não houve padrão uniforme nas tendências de suicídio de idosos nas regiões estudadas.
High intensity interval training (HIIT) as a viable alternative to induce the prevention of respiratory diseases: a point of view of exercise immunology during COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Paula Carolina Cavalcante de , Machado Sergio , Costa Gustavo De Conti Teixeira , Sales Marcelo Magalhães , Miranda Thiago Gottgtroy , Barsanulfo Silvio Roberto , Murillo-Rodriguez Eric , Budde Henning , Sá Filho Alberto Souza
Published: October 2020

The immune system's response against SARS-Cov-2 seems crucial to control viral infection, since this system is homeostatic, dynamic and promotes immunoprotection of the organism through the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system via activation of cellular and chemical complexes that recognize, neutralize, metabolize and eliminate heterologous substances, with or without tissue damage. An obesogenic microenvironment can further increase the risk of disease complications, and cause a more virulent viral strain and a more lethal virus. Moreover, physical inactivity as well as poor eating habits impairs the body's energy metabolism and immune cells due to low-grade chronic inflammation. Studies suggest that light to moderate exercise, as well as mild calorie restriction, as an effective approach to relieve obesity and therefore an interesting strategy to strengthen the immune response during the outbreak of COVID-19, while a vaccine is not developed. Some studies have been shown significant findings in favor of High intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols when compared to moderate intensity exercise, showing how immunological system responds to vigorous to high intensity training. However, HIIT has a lower cost of time, reducing the time/efficiency ratio, that is, a lower cost of time with similar or even better benefits to higher volume exercise programs. Let us not forget: "time is the most precious asset we have".
A função do professor da hora-atividade na educação infantil: uma análise histórica
Authors: Dourado Amanda Vitor , Moraes Silvia Pereira Gonzaga de
Published: October 2020

Este estudo busca compreender a necessidade histórica da atuação do professor da hora-Atividade. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter documental, na qual analisou-se o processo histórico da constituição das leis que regulamentam a função do professor da hora atividade na Educação Infantil. A escolha dessa temática é justificada por trazer reflexões pertinentes sobre o trabalho docente, bem como a relevância de compreender a organização escolar para garantir a qualidade do ensino. Por meio das discussões e dos resultados obtidos, é possível perceber que as promulgações da Constituição Federal de 1988 e da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (Lei 9394/96) - que contribuíram para a democratização do ensino e para a valorização do profissional da Educação – aliadas à luta docente e aos movimentos sindicais, resultaram na construção da Lei 11.738 de 16 de julho de 2008, em nível federal. Deste modo, os docentes conquistaram a hora-Atividade, isto é, um terço da carga horária de trabalho dos professores ficou destinado para a elaboração do planejamento das atividades, atendimento aos pais, alunos, realização de recursos, organização de materiais, formação e estudos. No entanto, para garantir esse importante direito aos docentes, foi preciso que os Estados e os Municípios reorganizassem suas políticas de rotina, contratação e destinação de verbas a fim de atender as novas demandas educacionais. Por exemplo, para organizar as disciplinas de forma que todos os docentes pudessem realizar o momento da hora-atividade, as escolas municipais incluíram na grade curricular as matérias de Inglês, Educação-Física, Arte, entre outras. Já as instituições de Educação Infantil organizaram oficinas com docentes, conhecidos como professores da hora-atividade/regente II/regente B, que atuassem, uma vez por semana, para suprir a carga-horária do professor regente. A história da atuação docente revelou a luta profissional do Magistério na conquista e na manutenção do direito da hora-atividade, advindo da mobilização dos trabalhadores da Educação. Isso demonstra que, por intermédio da história do passado e do presente, há a possibilidade de construir novas histórias no futuro, tendo em vista que a hora-atividade é uma condição de valorização do trabalho educacional e é de suma importância para garantir um ensino de qualidade. A pesquisa também demonstra que a conquista do direito da hora-atividade é uma luta contínua na busca do reconhecimento e da valorização dos profissionais da Educação Infantil.
Milenialisme dan Covid-19
Authors: Lima Jadi Sampurna
Published: October 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic in the blink of an eye has radically changed the world as we know it. In a depressive atmosphere like this themes of doomsday or end of time naturally  surfaces.  This  paper  discusses  the  eschatological  options  of  Christian  beliefs and how they can contribute to the wider community. The eschatological discourse would be limited to three options with respect to the realization of God’s rule on earth, namely: premillennialism, postmillennialism and amillennialism in relation to the crisis of the times, the basic longings of humanity, and the reality of power. This paper tries to show how amillennialist eschatology can help Christians realize their social responsibility on the one hand, and on the other hand realize their limitations and mortality, while not losing hope in difficult conditions such as in pandemic times. This research employs hermeneutics and dogmatic studies to reach its aim.
Keywords: Covid-19; doomsday; parousia; apocalypse; eschatology
The Effects of Using Snake and Ladder Media towards Elementary School Students’ Learning Outcomes
Authors: Mulyawati Yuli , Windiyani Tustiyana
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using snake and ladder learning media towards students’ learning outcomes. This study used an experimental research method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted 34 fourth grade students from SDN Katulampa 1 Bogor in odd semester of 2020/2021 academic year. The analysis technique used is the analysis prerequisite test which includes the normality and homogeneity test. The research hypothess is carried out using the t-test. The results of experiment 1 showed that the scores of students’ learning outcomes increased from an average pretest score of 50.00 to 80.00 of posttests with N-Gain 60.00. While, the experiment 2 with the effect of using snake and ladder learning media resulted in an average pretest score of 53.43, posttest of 85.29, and N-Gain 68. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the use of snake and ladder learning media towards elementary school students’ learning outcomes.
The effect of verbal violence experienced by dental hygienists on job stress and turnover intention and burn-out
Authors: Lee Myeong-Ju , Lee Hyo-Jin , Kwon Jeong-Hyeon , Kim Eun-Hye , Kim Ju-Hui
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a coping plan for verbal abuse in dental hygienists, to improve work environment and performance ability and to offer basic data for reducing turnover rate through surveying verbal abuse degree that dental hygienists experience, and through grasping its effect on job stress, turnover intention and burnout. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted from November 18, 2019 to December 6, 2019 targeting 215 dental hygienists who are working at dental hospitals and clinics where are located in Gyeongnam and Busan Metropolitan City. The results are as follows. Results: The verbal abuse in dental hygienists was indicated to be in order of the verbal abuse from patients with 2.00±0.78, the verbal abuse from doctors with 1.91±0.78, and the verbal abuse from Yokefellow with 1.88±0.79. A type of verbal abuse was shown to be the largest in ‘I ve ever been spoken informally. As a result of having analyzed general characteristics, a dentist s verbal abuse was significant in workplace and turnover experience And the verbal abuse was significant in work placeas for turnover intention and in service career as for job stress and burnout. All in the verbal abuse from dentists, the verbal abuse from Yokefellow and the verbal abuse from patients showed statistically significant positive correlation with job stress, turnover intention and burnout. Accordingly, the dental hygienists appeared to have higher job stress, turnover intention and burnout in the more experiences of verbal abuse from patients. Conclusions: To help dental hygienists effectively cope with verbal violence, development of situational manuals and training of programs for prevention and arbitration of verbal violence is necessary.
OF APPLICATION OF MARKER MAP SIGNS FOR AN INTERACTIVE ANALOG-DIGITAL MAP
Authors: Malakhova Olga D. , Kolesnikov Aleksey A. , Komissarova Elena V.
Published: October 2020

The article formulates the specifics of the application of marker symbols for an interactive analogue-digital map. The relevance of the use of marker symbols for an interactive analogue-digital map was substantiated. For the first time, the definition of marker mapping symbols was given.
AUTOMATION OF COMPLEX INFORMATION SECURITY SYSTEMS DESIGN
Authors: Mongush Amyrtaa K. , Karmanov Igor N.
Published: October 2020

Entry of modern society into the information stage of development wake, information security one of the most important problems of our time. The article discusses the possibility of automating the design of an integrated information security system. One of the key stages in the design of an information security system is the assessment of the current state of the information security system through audit. An information security audit allows identifying all vulnerabilities in the system. To automate the detection of vulnerabilities of the investigated object, network scanners are considered. The use of scanners allows solving the problems of identification and analysis of vulnerabilities. A scheme for automating the design of physical protection systems is also considered. In conclusion, the advantages of automating the design of an information protection system are noted, frequently used software tools and utilities for automating individual stages of the design of information protection systems are presented.
METHODOLOGY FOR MONITORING DISPLACEMENTS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES USING SPACE RADAR SURVEY
Authors: Murodov Suhrob D. , Chermoshentsev Alexander Yu.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to monitoring the deformation of structures using persistent scattereres interferometry according to the satellite Sentinel-1. The Persistant Scatterers Interferometry technique is described, which is used for processing interferometric pairs of images in SNAP and StaMPS software. As a result, differential interferograms characterizing the change in the height of individual points over a certain period of time are obtained.
Employing Machine Learning Algorithms to build Trading Strategies with higher than Risk-Free Returns
Authors: UZUNLU Baris Yalin , HUSSAİN Syed
Published: October 2020

This research aims at exploring whether simple trading strategies developed using state-of-the-art Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can guarantee more than the risk-free rate of return or not. For this purpose, the direction of S&P 500 Index returns on every 6th day (SPYRETDIR6) and magnitude of S&P 500 Index daily returns (SPYMAG) were predicted on a broad selection of independent variables using various ML techniques. Using five consecutive data spans of equal length, GBM was found to provide highest prediction accuracy on SPYRETDIR6, consistently. In terms of magnitude prediction of daily returns (SPYMAG), Random Forest results indicated that there is a very high correlation between actual/predicted values of SPY. Based on these results, Trading Strategy #1 (using SPYRETDIR6 predictions) and Trading Strategy #2 (using SPYMAG predictions) were developed and tested against a simple Buy & Hold benchmark of the same index. It was found that Trading Strategy #1 provides negative returns on all data spans, while Trading Strategy #2 has positive returns on average when data is separated into consecutive data spans. None of the trading strategies have a positive Sharpe ratio on average, but Trading Strategy #2 is almost as profitable as investing in T-bills using the risk-free rate.
Foliar Aspersion of Salicylic Acid Improves Nutraceutical Quality and Fruit Yield in Tomato
Authors: Sariñana-Aldaco Oscar , Sánchez-Chávez Esteban , Troyo-Diéguez Enrique , Tapia-Vargas Luis Mario , Díaz-Pérez Juan Carlos , Preciado-Rangel Pablo
Published: October 2020

The use of elicitors or biostimulants such as salicylic acid (SA) is an emerging novel practice to improve the yield and quality of crops since it plays an important role in the regulation of various physiological and metabolic processes. The objective of this research was to study the effect of the foliar application of SA on the nutraceutical quality and yield of tomato fruits. A completely randomized experimental design with 10 repetitions was used. SA was applied at five doses (0.025 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.075 mM, 0.1 mM, and 0.125 mM) every 15 days through foliar sprays after transplantation, accumulating seven applications through the cycle. The response variables were yield (total fruit weight per plant), fruit parameters (weight, diameter, firmness, and total soluble solids), percentage of weight loss, and nutraceutical quality. The obtained results suggest that the foliar spraying of SA improves the yield and biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds in tomato fruits, compared to control plants. According to the results, it is advisable to use the dose of 0.125 mM of SA since it has a higher content of bioactive compounds without compromising yield.
Mapping Paddy Rice Using Weakly Supervised Long Short-Term Memory Network with Time Series Sentinel Optical and SAR Images
Authors: Wang Mo , Wang Jing , Chen Li
Published: October 2020

Rice is one of the most important staple food sources worldwide. Effective and cheap monitoring of rice planting areas is demanded by many developing countries. This study proposed a weakly supervised paddy rice mapping approach based on long short-term memory (LSTM) network and dynamic time warping (DTW) distance. First, standard temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter profiles for each land cover type were constructed on the basis of a small number of field samples. Weak samples were then labeled on the basis of their DTW distances to the standard temporal profiles. A time series feature set was then created that combined multi-spectral Sentinel-2 bands and Sentinel-1 SAR vertical received (VV) band. With different combinations of training and testing datasets, we trained a specifically designed LSTM classifier and validated the performance of weakly supervised learning. Experiments showed that weakly supervised learning outperformed supervised learning in paddy rice identification when field samples were insufficient. With only 10% of field samples, weakly supervised learning achieved better results in producer’s accuracy (0.981 to 0.904) and user’s accuracy (0.961 to 0.917) for paddy rice. Training with 50% of field samples also presented improvement with weakly supervised learning, although not as prominent. Finally, a paddy rice map was generated with the weakly supervised approach trained on field samples and DTW-labeled samples. The proposed data labeling approach based on DTW distance can reduce field sampling cost since it requires fewer field samples. Meanwhile, validation results indicated that the proposed LSTM classifier is suitable for paddy rice mapping where variance exists in planting and harvesting schedules.
Protection of Highbush Blueberry Plants against Phytophthora cinnamomi Using Serendipita indica
Authors: Trzewik Aleksandra , Marasek-Ciolakowska Agnieszka , Orlikowska Teresa
Published: October 2020

A greenhouse experiment was carried out on the use of Serendipita indica, an endomycorrhizal-like fungus, to increase the resistance of three highbush blueberry cultivars Chandler, Darrow and Spartan to the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. The cultivars differed in the acceptance of root colonisation by S. indica and in susceptibility to P. cinnamomi. The lowest percentage (%) of colonised roots was found in the cultivar Spartan. The frequency of symptomatic plants (stunted growth, dark spots on stems, small, yellowing, and dropping leaves) among plants inoculated only with P. cinnamomi was 59, 83, and 100%, for ‘Chandler’, ‘Darrow’, and ‘Spartan’, respectively. In the treatment where both pathogen and endophyte were inoculated, the frequency in ‘Darrow’ and ‘Spartan’ dropped to 28 and 90%, respectively. Of non-protected ‘Spartan’ plants, 66% died, whereas only 14% of those protected with S. indica died. Colonisation by S. indica reduced the number of dead plants of ‘Chandler’ from 3 to 1 among those protected. In ‘Darrow’ only one plant died of the non-protected and none of the protected ones. S. indica increased the growth of non-infected plants of ‘Darrow’ and ‘Spartan’ by 11%. An increase in the growth of plants inoculated with S. indica and infected with P. cinnamomi after 21 days went from 74% to 182% over the plants only infected with the pathogen.
Vegetable Crop Biomass Estimation Using Hyperspectral and RGB 3D UAV Data
Authors: Astor Thomas , Dayananda Supriya , Nautiyal Sunil , Wachendorf Michael
Published: October 2020

Remote sensing (RS) has been an effective tool to monitor agricultural production systems, but for vegetable crops, precision agriculture has received less interest to date. The objective of this study was to test the predictive performance of two types of RS data—crop height information derived from point clouds based on RGB UAV data, and reflectance information from terrestrial hyperspectral imagery—to predict fresh matter yield (FMY) for three vegetable crops (eggplant, tomato, and cabbage). The study was conducted in an experimental layout in Bengaluru, India, at five dates in summer 2017. The prediction accuracy varied strongly depending on the RS dataset used. For all crops, a good predictive performance with cross-validated prediction error < 10% was achieved. The growth stage of the crops had no significant effect on the prediction accuracy, although increasing trends of an underestimation of FMY with later sampling dates for eggplant and tomato were found. The study proves that an estimation of vegetable FMY using RS data is successful throughout the growing season. Different RS datasets were best for biomass prediction of the three vegetables, indicating that multi-sensory data collection should be preferred to single sensor use, as no one sensor system is superior.
Aureolic Acid Group of Agents as Potential Antituberculosis Drugs
Authors: Bespyatykh Julia , Bespiatykh Dmitry , Malakhova Maja , Klimina Ksenia , Bespyatykh Andrey , Varizhuk Anna , Tevyashova Anna , Nikolenko Tatiana , Pozmogova Galina , Ilina Elena , Shitikov Egor
Published: October 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most dangerous pathogens. Bacterial resistance to antituberculosis drugs grows each year, but searching for new drugs is a long process. Testing for available drugs to find active against mycobacteria may be a good alternative. In this work, antibiotics of the aureolic acid group were tested on a model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis. We presumed that antibiotics of this group may be potential G4 ligands. However, this was not confirmed in our analyses. We determined the antimicrobial activity of these drugs and revealed morphological changes in the cell structure upon treatment. Transcriptomic analysis documented increased expression of MSMEG_3743/soj and MSMEG_4228/ftsW, involved in cell division. Therefore, drugs may affect cell division, possibly disrupting the function of the Z-ring and the formation of a septum. Additionally, a decrease in the transcription level of several indispensable genes, such as nitrate reductase subunits (MSMEG_5137/narI and MSMEG_5139/narX) and MSMEG_3205/hisD was shown. We concluded that the mechanism of action of aureolic acid and its related compounds may be similar to that bedaquiline and disturb the NAD+/NADH balance in the cell. All of this allowed us to conclude that aureolic acid derivatives can be considered as potential antituberculosis drugs.
Mechanisms of Chronic Metabolic Stress in Arrhythmias
Authors: Gowen Blake H. , Reyes Michael V. , Joseph Leroy C. , Morrow John P.
Published: October 2020

Cardiac arrhythmias are responsible for many cardiovascular disease-related deaths worldwide. While arrhythmia pathogenesis is complex, there is increasing evidence for metabolic causes. Obesity, diabetes, and chronically consuming high-fat foods significantly increase the likelihood of developing arrhythmias. Although these correlations are well established, mechanistic explanations connecting a high-fat diet (HFD) to arrhythmogenesis are incomplete, although oxidative stress appears to be critical. This review investigates the metabolic changes that occur in obesity and after HFD. Potential therapies to prevent or treat arrhythmias are discussed, including antioxidants.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Genetic Diseases of the Connective Tissue
Authors: Egea Gustavo , Jiménez-Altayó Francesc , Campuzano Victoria
Published: October 2020

Connective tissue is known to provide structural and functional “glue” properties to other tissues. It contains cellular and molecular components that are arranged in several dynamic organizations. Connective tissue is the focus of numerous genetic and nongenetic diseases. Genetic diseases of the connective tissue are minority or rare, but no less important than the nongenetic diseases. Here we review the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress on the onset and/or progression of diseases that directly affect connective tissue and have a genetic origin. It is important to consider that ROS and oxidative stress are not synonymous, although they are often closely linked. In a normal range, ROS have a relevant physiological role, whose levels result from a fine balance between ROS producers and ROS scavenge enzymatic systems. However, pathology arises or worsens when such balance is lost, like when ROS production is abnormally and constantly high and/or when ROS scavenge (enzymatic) systems are impaired. These concepts apply to numerous diseases, and connective tissue is no exception. We have organized this review around the two basic structural molecular components of connective tissue: The ground substance and fibers (collagen and elastic fibers).
Improved Control Strategy of MMC–HVDC to Improve Frequency Support of AC System
Authors: Zhang Zicong , Lee Junghun , Jang Gilsoo
Published: October 2020

With the continuous development of power electronics technology, variable-speed offshore wind turbines that penetrated the grid system caused the problem of inertia reduction. This study investigates the frequency stability of synchronous, offshore wind-farm integration through a modular-multilevel-converter high-voltage direct-current (MMC–HVDC) transmission system. When full-scale converter wind turbines (type 4) penetrate the AC grid, the AC system debilitates, and it becomes difficult to maintain the AC system frequency stability. In this paper, we present an improved inertial-response-control method to solve this problem. The mathematical model of the synchronous generator is based on the swing equation and is theoretically derived by establishing a MMC–HVDC. Based on the above model, the inertia constant is analyzed using a model that integrates the MMC–HVDC and offshore synchronous generator. With the new improved control method, a more sensitive and accurate inertia index can be obtained using the formula related to the effective short-circuit ratio of the AC system. Moreover, it is advantageous to provide a more accurate inertial control evaluation for AC systems under various conditions. Furthermore, the impact of the MMC–HVDC on system safety is assessed based on the capacitor time constant. This simulation was implemented using the PSCAD/EMTDC platform.
Energy-Efficient Hip Joint Offsets in Humanoid Robot via Taguchi Method and Bio-inspired Analysis
Authors: Kim Jihun , Yang Jaeha , Yang Seung Tae , Oh Yonghwan , Lee Giuk
Published: October 2020

Although previous research has improved the energy efficiency of humanoid robots to increase mobility, no study has considered the offset between hip joints to this end. Here, we optimized the offsets of hip joints in humanoid robots via the Taguchi method to maximize energy efficiency. During optimization, the offsets between hip joints were selected as control factors, and the sum of the root-mean-square power consumption from three actuated hip joints was set as the objective function. We analyzed the power consumption of a humanoid robot model implemented in physics simulation software. As the Taguchi method was originally devised for robust optimization, we selected turning, forward, backward, and sideways walking motions as noise factors. Through two optimization stages, we obtained near-optimal results for the humanoid hip joint offsets. We validated the results by comparing the root-mean-square (RMS) power consumption of the original and optimized humanoid models, finding that the RMS power consumption was reduced by more than 25% in the target motions. We explored the reason for the reduction of power consumption through bio-inspired analysis from human gait mechanics. As the distance between the left and right hip joints in the frontal plane became narrower, the amplitude of the sway motion of the upper body was reduced. We found that the reduced sway motion of the upper body of the optimized joint configuration was effective in improving energy efficiency, similar to the influence of the pathway of the body’s center of gravity (COG) on human walking efficiency.
Improving Computer-Aided Cervical Cells Classification Using Transfer Learning Based Snapshot Ensemble
Authors: Chen Wen , Li Xinyu , Gao Liang , Shen Weiming
Published: October 2020

Cervical cells classification is a crucial component of computer-aided cervical cancer detection. Fine-grained classification is of great clinical importance when guiding clinical decisions on the diagnoses and treatment, which remains very challenging. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNN) provide a novel way to classify cervical cells by using automatically learned features. Although the ensemble of CNN models can increase model diversity and potentially boost the classification accuracy, it is a multi-step process, as several CNN models need to be trained respectively and then be selected for ensemble. On the other hand, due to the small training samples, the advantages of powerful CNN models may not be effectively leveraged. In order to address such a challenging issue, this paper proposes a transfer learning based snapshot ensemble (TLSE) method by integrating snapshot ensemble learning with transfer learning in a unified and coordinated way. Snapshot ensemble provides ensemble benefits within a single model training procedure, while transfer learning focuses on the small sample problem in cervical cells classification. Furthermore, a new training strategy is proposed for guaranteeing the combination. The TLSE method is evaluated on a pap-smear dataset called Herlev dataset and is proved to have some superiorities over the exiting methods. It demonstrates that TLSE can improve the accuracy in an ensemble manner with only one single training process for the small sample in fine-grained cervical cells classification.
Essential Oil Quality and Purity Evaluation via FT-IR Spectroscopy and Pattern Recognition Techniques
Authors: Agatonovic-Kustrin Snezana , Ristivojevic Petar , Gegechkori Vladimir , Litvinova Tatiana M. , W. Morton David
Published: October 2020

Essential oils are highly volatile, aromatic concentrated extracts from plants with wide applications. In this study, fast, easy-to-use attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was combined with chemometric techniques to verify essential oils’ taxonomy and purity. Principal component analysis (PCA) clustered 30 essential oil samples into three different groups based on plant botanical family and concentration. The first group contained highly concentrated oils from the Asteraceae family, the second group contained highly concentrated oils from the Lamiaceae family, while the last group contained three highly concentrated essential oils from different botanical families and commercial-grade essential oils. Thus, commercial-grade oil samples did not cluster with the corresponding concentrated oil samples despite their similar spectral patterns or botanical family. A loading plot identified infrared (IR) bands that correspond to carbonyl, vinyl, methyl and methylene group vibrations as the most important spectral bands that can be used as marker bands for discrimination between different botanical plant family groups. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) confirmed the results obtained by PCA. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric algorithms provides a direct and non-destructive method for chemotaxonomic classification of medicinal and aromatic essential oils and an assessment of their purity.
Degradation of a Micro-Hybrid Dental Composite Reinforced with Polyaramide Fiber under the Influence of Cyclic Loads
Authors: Szalewski Leszek , Kamińska Aneta , Wallner Eliza , Batkowska Justyna , Warda Tomasz , Wójcik Dorota , Borowicz Janusz
Published: October 2020

Dental composites reinforced with glass fibers have a low tensile modulus and relatively low fatigue resistance. The aim of the study was to analyze the fatigue properties of a dental composite reinforced with polyaramide fibers under the influence of a cyclic, vertical load. For this purpose, we designed a thermoformable template, corresponding to the construction of adhesive bridges in the side section of the jaw. Fifty-four composite samples were made for the study. They were divided into three groups—control (K) and two experimental groups (R1 and R2). The experimental samples were subjected to cyclic fatigue using 75 N load. The number of cycles was 4690 and 20,100. The study used a three-point bending test. Statistical analysis showed a change in elasticity in groups related to the number of load cycles. The study showed that the samples from the control group required the greatest force to break in relation to those subjected to the work cycles. The maximum force in control (K) group was 738.1 N, R1—487.8 N, and R2—451.4 N. The determined algorithm showed a change in deflection associated with the increase of force value. The study did not show any relationship between the type of sample fracture and the number of load cycles.
Stochastic Detection of Interior Design Styles Using a Deep-Learning Model for Reference Images
Authors: Kim Jinsung , Lee Jin-Kook
Published: October 2020

This paper describes an approach for identifying and appending interior design style information stochastically with reference images and a deep-learning model. In the field of interior design, design style is a useful concept and has played an important role in helping people understand and communicate interior design. Previous studies have focused on how the interior design style categories can be defined. On the other hand, this paper focuses on how stochastically recognizing the design style of given interior design reference images using a deep learning-based data-driven approach. The proposed method can be summarized as follows: (1) data preparation based on a general design style definition, (2) implementing an interior design style recognition model using a pre-trained VGG16 model, (3) training and evaluating the trained model, and (4) demonstration of stochastic detection of interior design styles for reference images. The result shows that the trained model automatically recognizes the design styles of given interior images with probability values. The recognition results, model, and trained image set contribute to facilitating the management and utilization of an interior design references database.
Advanced Biological Imaging for Intracellular Micromanipulation: Methods and Applications
Authors: Gao Wendi , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde , Sun Dong
Published: October 2020

Intracellular micromanipulation assisted by robotic systems has valuable applications in biomedical research, such as genetic diagnosis and genome-editing tasks. However, current studies suffer from a low success rate and a large operation damage because of insufficient information on the operation information of targeted specimens. The complexity of the intracellular environment causes difficulties in visualizing manipulation tools and specimens. This review summarizes and analyzes the current development of advanced biological imaging sampling and computational processing methods in intracellular micromanipulation applications. It also discusses the related limitations and future extension, providing an important reference about this field.