bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Particulate Filled Silicon Nitride Reinforced Nylon-6 Polymer Composites
Authors:   Department, of Mechanical Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering Hyderabad, Kumar K. Shiva , Reddy A. Chennakesava ,   Professor, Department, of Mechanical Engineering, JNT University College of Engineering Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Telangana, India.
Published: September 2019

From the Research, it found that there is an impact of Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) on the mechanical properties of Nylon 6 or polyamide 6 based composites. Nylon 6 prepared with Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) by changing the weight proportions. The hardness and wear properties of Nylon-6/Si3N4 composites have investigated. Experiments were carried out as per Taguchi's design. Rockwell, hardness testing device, used to observe the hardness number of different nylon-6/ Si3N4 composites and the pin-on-disc wear test (ASTM G99) conducted with different combinations of reinforcement, sliding distance, sliding speed and normal load. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to look at the break surfaces microstructure of wear and tensile tests. The increase of Si3N4 upgrades the existence state of typical Nylon 6 to a more important point.
A New Ranked-Key Structure for Intelligent Pub-Sub Systems in Large Scale
Authors:   Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Tourad* Mohamedou Cheikh , Abdali Abdelmounaim ,   Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
Published: September 2019

The rapid growth of information published on the net and the subsequent increase of the number of it users was the reason behind the discovery of Web syndication. The Pub/sub (Publish/Subscribe) system is the first and the most used system for web syndication. It allows the user to keep an eye on the development of the information that interested him. This information is managed by data collectors (RSS : Really Simple Syndication) in real time. Today, the development of new notifications systems is essential for the retrieval of specific information from the Big Data. In the present work, a new algorithm based on Ranked key is proposed. Such indexation allows the development of an efficient and an intelligent system.
Implementation of the SMS Gateway in the Flood Early Warning Information System for Village Warning and Community Information
Authors:   Computer Engineering Department, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia., Satria* Dedi , Yana Syaifuddin ,   Industrial Engineering Department, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia., Yusibani Elin ,   Electronic Engineering Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia., Syahreza Saumi ,   Physics Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia, Zulfan  ,   Computer Engineering Department, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
Published: September 2019

Flooding is a national disaster that often occurs in Indonesia. Flood disasters require long-term and short-term action. In the short-term system, the government currently emphasizes state and private institutions to jointly reduce flood victims by developing a flood disaster early warning system. Therefore, this study discusses the making of flood early warning information systems by utilizing GSM communication systems as a means of communication between clients and servers. The GSM communication service used is the SMS Gateway. The SMS gateway service is used for the first time sending data from a flood detection system to a flood information system. Second, disseminating flood information to the public. In this study, the flood warning system for flood early warning works with the integration of three modes.The three systems are flood detection systems, flood alarm systems, and flood early warning information systems. Flood detection systems are built using ultrasonic sensors and rain sensors as inputs, Arduino Uno as data processors and GSM SIM900 modules as outputs. The alarm system consists of GSM SIM900 module as Input, Arduino Uno as processor and electric alarm as output. The flood early warning information system was built using a Wavecom GSM modem, and data processing using PHP, MySQL DBMS, and Gammu. The communication system between each system uses SMS data. This method as a whole began in a flood detection system that sends flood and rain data to the flood early warning information system. And the flood warning system sends alarm activation data to the alarm system. Finally, the system distributes flood information to the public via SMS Gateway. This research is expected to help the community in anticipating more victims with flood information previously obtained.
Multiphysics Coupling In Aging Process of Filled-Rubber
Authors:   Faculty of Transportation Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, The University of Danang, Viet Nam,, Thien An* Nguyen Van
Published: September 2019

Filled rubbers are used popularly in damping parts which can be found in automobile sector or in building sector. However, the mechanical properties of material depend sensitively on temperature, chemical composition and environment conditions. In fact, the mechanical dissipation due to damping process leads to the increase of temperature considerably. Aging process can be activated sequentially by the heat which result in the change of damping properties during usage time. This paper presents a new behavior model that considers the simultaneous effects of temperature, mechanical loads on the behavior of materials along with the aging of materials. With the assumption of internal variables related to aging phenomenon and visco-plastic behavior, the model is built in the thermodynamical framework. A fully coupled finite element formulation is proposed to solve simultaneously thermo, chemical and mechanical phenomenon appeared in this material. An example illustrates the number of applicability of the model to predict the behavior of materials under the effect of cyclic loads in extremely working conditions.
On keystrokes as Continuous User Biometric Authentication
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Invertis University, Bareilly, UP, INDIA, Quraishi Suhail Javed , Bedi Dr. Sarabjeet Singh ,   Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP, INDIA
Published: September 2019

Authentication of a user through an ID and password is generally done at the start of a session. But the continuous authentication system observe the genuineness of the user throughout the entire session, and not at login only. In this paper, we propose the usage of keystroke dynamics as biometric trait for continuous user authentication in desktop platform. Biometric Authentication involves mainly three phases named as enrollment phase, verification phase and identification phase. The identification phase marks the accessed user as an authenticated only if the input pattern matches with the profile pattern otherwise the system is logout. The proposed Continuous User Biometric Authentication (CUBA) System is based on free text input from keyboard. There is no restriction on input data during Enrolment, Verification, and Identification phase. Unsupervised One-class Support Vector Machine is used to classify the authenticated user’s input from all the other inputs. This continuous authentication system can be used in many areas like in Un-proctored online examination systems, Intrusion & Fraud Detection Systems, Areas where user alertness is required for entire period e.g. Controlling Air Traffic etc.
Application of Linear Programming for Profit Maximization of the Bank and the Investor
Authors:   Research Scholar, School of Science, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, India, Jain* Amit Kumar , Bhardwaj Ramakant ,   Professor, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, MP, India, Saxena Hemlata ,   Professor, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, India, Choubey Anurag ,   Professor, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, MP, India
Published: September 2019

The main objective of this paper is to optimize (maximize) the net return of Central Bank of India in the area of interest from loans such as Personal loan, Car loan, Home loan, Agricultural loan, Commercial loan, Education loan and also maximize the net return of the investor by investing some amount in the investment policy of Central Bank of India such as Fixed Deposit, Saving Account, Public Provident fund and other investment Policies. The linear programming technique is applied to maximize profit of the Bank and the investor.
Gender Affect on Investment Behaviour
Authors:   School of Management, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India., Devadas* Madhavan , Vijayakumar Dt.T. ,   School of Management, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
Published: September 2019

Decision making is an action which results in a certain type of action from a set of alternate choices. The selected choice may be a rational or an irrational decision. Individual or small investors do not have the advantage of big and small firms regarding invest decision making. Various factors both external and internal, are behind investment decisions. The attitudes of both gender are similar of different with regard to various factor influences. This research endeavor attempts to identify the significant factors which influence decision making regarding investments with a focus on gender. Here for this study 14 attributes were selected to identify the underlying factors and their influences in decision making. For this purpose tools of statistics such as independent t-test and mean scores on a likert scale was utilized for this research study. The study determines there are notable differences between genders on certain variables which play an influencing role when it comes to equity investment decision making. On the majority of the variables both genders share similar influencing variables with regard to investment decisions in equities.
Video Transmission In Wireless Multihop Networks
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science And Engineering,Loyola Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India., Jenila* L. , Canessane Dr.R.Aroul ,   Professor, Department of Computer Science And Engineering, Sathyabama Institute Of Science And Technology Tamilnadu, India
Published: September 2019

Multi hop wireless networks are being deployed in many video streaming applications because they have several potential features for next generation wireless communications. Though optimal encoding techniques offers significant quality retention in video transmission still it is insufficient to overcome the challenges ahead over wireless network transmission. In order to support wide range video communications in an efficient way certain Quality of service has to be retained in multi hop wireless network. To address this issue, this paper investigates several encoding and routing protocols video delivery over multi hop wireless networks. Specifically, we first investigate several encoding framework for videos and wireless data transmission over WMNs through individual paths; we then investigate the challenges ahead to formulate resistant routing model for least possible video quality dictions which incorporate channel status as well as the encoder properties over video characteristics. In this framework, routing techniques which can maximally used to achieve good video traffic with improved system performance. However, video streaming also have very stringent delay requirements, which makes it difficult to find optimal routes with the least possible distortions. To address this problem, we investigate several enhanced version of packet scheduling techniques for video communications over multi path multi hob multi user wireless network environment.
IOT Based Smart Garbage alert system using Wireless sensor network for Environmental hygine
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Sri Sairam Engineering College,Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Malini* V. , Hemalatha M. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of EEE,SriSairam Engineering College,Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2019

In a Fast-growing world, garbage management is one of the biggest problem. In India to dispose the scrap materials there are many methodologies are available for handling the process and managing it. Still the major issue found was the waste in the street bins were spillover and uncollected at right time. The proposed solution focus on the method to monitor the street bins and send a message to the respective authorities automatically. Monitoring the Street bins can be possible by using level sensors and temperature sensor. WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technology is used to read these sensors and send a message to respective authorities to take an action. While drizzling the level sensor will sense the rain and close the garbage bin automatically.
An Efficient Rice Variety Identification Scheme Using Shape, Harlick & Color Feature Extraction and Multiclass SVM
Authors:   Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sree Dattha Institute of Engineering & Science, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Kumar* M.Senthil , Javeed Md. ,   Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sree Dattha Institute of Engineering & Science, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Published: September 2019

Rice is primary food harvests that each and every one person eats in throughout the globe, particularly in Asian nation. It is mostly classified in relation to its texture, color, grain shape etc. In this work, machine vision system is used for rice classification in order to distinguish rice varieties by using some special features like color, harlick and shape. Initially, real rice images are taken from camera for variety of rice such as Basmati rice, IR 18, Ponni, Ponni Leader and Ration rice. These images are taken as input image. Then special preprocessing schemes are introduced like Image thresholding, image enhancement, sharpening and filtering are used to analyze the rice variety. After that feature extraction processes are carried out for both training and testing images. Finally, the multiclass support vector machine (M-SVM) is incorporated to identify the rice variety based on matching between the feature values of training and testing images. These rice classification results such as accuracy and complexity are compared with all other existing classification processes.
Research Biomarkers For The Diagnosis Of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India., M* Shreyashi , D Sulagna ,   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India., G Swamynathan ,   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India., B Infant Santhose ,   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: September 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuronal disease that is characterized by the loss of neurons and cognitive impairment. There is no definitive cure and current treatment options are focused more on reducing the damage caused by the disease and providing care for the patients. Early diagnosis of the disease will help in minimizing the damage and give better treatment options. In this review we try to analyze a few important risk factors and identify some biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which could be used for the diagnosis of AD
Energy Conservation In Wsn Using Hyper Sphere Sensor Optimisation
Authors:   Research Scholar (Part Time), Department of Computer Science, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India., Alexander* M. , Shanthi Dr. R. ,   Research Guide, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2019

Due to minimum energy consumption and compact size, the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is widely used in almost all areas of research. In WSN, optimum coverage and lifetime of nodes are major challenges. In this paper, a Hyper Sphere Sensor Optimization is proposed to estimate the neighbourhood distance for placing the sensor nods in an optimal way over an effective location. Levy fight in flower pollination utilized for optimal energy location with hyper sphere localization. In first phase based on hyper sphere is used to location identification of sensor nodes. Based on neighbour hood distance energy consumption of sensor network nodes are reduced. The results show that the proposed method is effective than other methods in terms of reducing the reduced energy consumption.
Liver Lesions Diagnosis Using Gwo-Anfis Framework
Authors:   Research Scholar, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Madhya Pradesh, India., Babu* M. , Nanthakumar Dr.G. ,   Associate Professor, AnjalaiAmmalMahalingam Engineering College, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, liver abnormality is detected using an improved classification model that consists of series of process. The study reveals the liver condition to be normal or abnormal using the proposed system. The study uses both structural and statistical analysis, where both these analysis is combined with the process of classification. Initially, the noises are removed using Impulse Noise Removal and then the Segmentation is carried out using Gray Wolf Optimisation (GWO) algorithm. After the segmentation, the features are extracted through Local Binary Patters (LBP) Operator and then Artificial Neural Network Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifies the liver regions as malignant or benign. Various images collected from laboratories are used in both training and testing stages. The results are validated in terms of two different texture feature extractors namely, GLCM and LBP. The result shows that the proposed classifier using GLCM classifier obtains improved classified patterns than the existing methods.
Research on security architecture for cloud based Voice-Over Internet Protocol by securing infrastructures using hadoop clusters to Prevent Adaptive Anomaly Attacks in Cloud computing
Authors:   School of CSE, Research Scholar@ Bharatiyar University, Tamil nadu, India., Qubeb* S MP , Paramasivam Dr.Ilango ,   Professor, Dept. Of CSE, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore-641062.India.
Published: September 2019

Cloud based Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), is a new type of communication that uses Internet protocol to transfer the data packets which contains the audio data. For the past 20 years there has been an intensive research going on this field since this makes the calling system much cheaper than those taking place over PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). VoIP has been mainly taking place through cloud computing and this feature has its own issues but even has its own pros. This feature over cloud is facing many challenges in the terms of quality of services and security. This paper also describes the research or the development taking place in field of secured discussions. The network components and architecture have been discussed; the components described are call processors, gateways and many more. Different attacks possible on the VoIP have been discussed which include spoofing and SPIT. There are different VoIP solutions and they are based on either peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol or Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). In this paper, we have analysed about some of the essential security issues on cloud based VoIP for preventing the adaptive anomaly attacks and some other security issues of cloud computing by applying the algorithmic simulation in hadoop clusters.
Soft Computing Research For Weather Prediction Using Multilayer Architecture
Authors:   Dept. Of Computer Science & Engineering, SRC, Sastra Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India., Shah* S. Sheik Mohideen , Meganathan S. ,   Dept. Of Computer Science & Engineering, SRC, Sastra Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India., Kamali A. ,   Dept. Of Computer Science & Engineering, SRC, Sastra Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2019

Rainfall prediction is helpful for the agriculture sector. Early prediction of drought and torrent situations is achieved through time series data. For the precise prediction, Artificial Neural Network(ANN) technique is used. The rainy dataset is tested using Feed Forward Neural Network(FFNN). The performance of this model is evaluated using Mean Square Error(MSE) and Magnitude of Relative Error(MRE). Better performance achieved when compared with other data mining techniques.
Effect of Chemical Treatment on Ramie / Rattan /Silicone Polymer Composites
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Hyderabad, Telangana 500100 India., Kumar* T. Naresh , Logendran D. ,   Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, The Maldives National University, Rahdhebai Higun,Machangolhi,Male-20371,Maldives., Raja A Arun ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603103, India., Karthick. P. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603103, India., Andrews A. Abraham Eben ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603103, India..
Published: September 2019

During the most recent couple of years, regular strands have gotten considerably more consideration than any time in recent memory from the examination network everywhere throughout the world. These characteristic filaments offer various favorable circumstances over conventional engineered strands. Stagnant mechanical possessions of arbitrarily situated personally blended Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) and Rattan (Malay rotan) fiber fortified polymer composites, for example, flexural, Impact, hardness quality, water retention properties and so on, were examined as an element of fiber stacking according to ASTM measures. At first Silicone gum arranged was exposed to assessment of its ideal mechanical properties. At that point strengthening of the tar with Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) and Rattan (Malay rotan) fiber was practiced in three unique structures: molecule measure by utilizing advanced gum. Contemporary effort uncovers that mechanical possessions, for example, flexural, solidity, aquatic retention and so on of the Silicone pitch increments to significant degree when strengthened by the fortitude.
Why Legal Conventionalism Fails
Authors: Dyrda Adam
Published: September 2019

The term “legal conventionalism” covers a set of broadly discussed legal theories explaining the fact of law’s existence by reference to the “conventional rule of recognition”. Some of them are aspiring to be so-called “fully fledged theories of law” and explain the normativity of law by reference to the same fundamental, conventional fact. The article presents some recently discussed views (including the ideas of E. Lagerspetz, A. Marmor, S. Shapiro) alongside with counter-arguments showing why conventionalism fails. Eventually, the basic points of critique can be shaped in terms of the distinction between instrumental and substantial reason.
IMPORTANCIA DEL USO ADECUADO DE IRRIGACIÓN Y ULTRASONIDO EN LA RESOLUCIÓN DE CASOS CON PATOLOGÍA COMPLEJA
Authors: GUERRERO FERRECCIO JENNY
Published: September 2019

El Retratamiento de Conductos debe ser siempre la primera opción terapéutica para solucionar un fracaso endodóntico. Durante la selección del caso es importante realizar un correcto diagnóstico para evitar un procedimiento erróneo que nos lleve al fracaso.Teniendo en consideración la complejidad del sistema de conductos radiculares y el hecho de que nuestros instrumentos únicamente tienen la posibilidad de tener acceso a los conductos principales, necesitamos tener recursos adicionales adecuados, como son las soluciones irrigadoras y el ultrasonido, para poder llegar a esas zonas inaccesibles y eliminar la mayor carga bacteriana posible. Ayudados con la Magnificación se puede observar muchas zonas de difícil acceso y ser preparadas tanto mecánica como químicamente.
ANALISIS CEMARAN MIKROBA PADA LEMPUK DURIAN SEBAGAI OLEH-OLEH KHAS PEKANBARU
Authors: Margi Sidoretno Wahyu , Herli Muhammad Azhari
Published: September 2019

Tourism sector is an important thing in economy growth of an area. The safety of food products from tourism areas have to be increased. A bad quality food product (does not meet the qualification, safety, and contamination of pathogen microorganism) can cause some poisoning cases that is one of society health problems. Lempuk durian, made from durian and sugar, is a food product from Pekanbaru which is demanded. Beside of the sweet taste, the product has a good and delicious taste. This research aimed to increase the food safety of lempuk durian, so societies can be avoided from food poisoning because of pathogenic microorganisms. The result was compared with lempuk durian safety standard by SNI- 01- 4313- 1996. The microorganism contamination was determined using Total Disk Number method, and Coliform and Coliform fecal was measured with Most Probable Number method. The results obtained for ALT (total plate number) of samples A through E still meet the requirements required by SNI 7388 of 2009 on the maximum limit of microbial contamination in food that is 104 colonies / g and for MPN sample C that does not meet.

Keywords: Lempuk durian, Total Plate Number, Most Probable Number, Coliform-Colifecal
DEVELOPMENT OF A FAST WIRELESS BATTERY CHARGING TECHNOLOGY FOR ACCUMULATORS USED IN CLEAN ENERGY TRANSPORT VEHICLES. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE RESONANT CONVERTER WITH A SERIES CONNECTION OF THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CIRCUIT CAPACITORS AT PULSE-COUNT ADJUSTMENT AND PHASE SHIFT CONTROL
Authors: Jianhua Gu , Pavlov Henadiy , Pokrovskyi Miлhaylo , Obrubov Andriy , Vinnychenko Iryna
Published: September 2019

The research object is the electromagnetic processes in the semiconductor power converters based on the schemes with circuit commutation and containing resonant circuits of reactive elements and transformers with a small coupling coefficient. The research aim is to develop a technology for a fast wireless battery charging for the use in clean energy vehicles, which would be based on a resonant converter with a pulse-count adjustment with a phase shift control. The latter provides a high energy performance in a wide range of regulation and a low sensitivity to changes in the magnetic system parameters. This is a final report. The report presents the results of the work performed in accordance with the Terms of Reference for the second stage of the scientific and research work. The following theoretical problems have been solved: development of a mathematical model of a series resonant converter with a pulse-count adjustment for contactless inductive energy transmission, which provided a high accuracy for the studies of the electromagnetic processes in the power section of multi-circuit resonant converters for contactless energy transmission, as well as an opportunity to assess the energy parameters of multi-circuit converters at pulse-count adjustment; compilation of mathematical dependencies of the average input and output current values on the number of half-cycles of resonant oscillations during energy transmission to the circuit and energy dissipation, the supply voltage and the resonant circuit’s parameters, which allowed assessing the converter’s energy parameters over a wide control range; compilation of the dependencies of the converter’s output power and coefficient of efficiency on the number of half-cycles of resonant oscillations during energy transmission to the circuit and energy dissipation, on supply voltage and on the resonant circuit’s parameters, which made it possible to evaluate the efficiency of the pulse-count adjustment of resonant converters for contactless energy transmission; realization of a dynamic model of a resonant converter for contactless energy transmission in the form of transfer functions for small disturbances caused by fluctuations in supply voltage, which made it possible to estimate the effect of its instability on the quality of output current stabilization.
RESEARCH OF SEPARATION GRADIENT AEROSOL TECHNOLOGIES FOR INTENSIFICATION OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES IN SYSTEMS OF HIGHLY TURBULENT DISPERSED BIPHASIC FLOWS. USE OF AEROSOL GRADIENT TECHNOLOGIES IN SEPARATION EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPBUILDING AND MARINE INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Tianjing Li , Ryzhkov Sergiy
Published: September 2019

A new approach to ensure high level of resource and environmental safety for shipbuilding and marine infrastructure through the use of technology in aerosol gradient separation equipment was developed. A wide range of theoretical and experimental studies which allowed working out aerosol gradient technologies using gradient fields of speed, pulsation, temperature, pressure, acoustic vibrations and the schemes of complex clearing intensification was carried out. On the basis of developed technologies a wide range of resource-saving and environmental equipment for shipbuilding and marine infrastructure was designed and implemented.
Multiple threading of a triple-calix[6]arene host
Authors: Iuliano Veronica , Ciao Roberta , Vignola Emanuele , Talotta Carmen , Iannece Patrizia , De Rosa Margherita , Soriente Annunziata , Gaeta Carmine , Neri Placido
Published: September 2019

The synthesis of the triple-calix[6]arene derivative 6 in which three calix[6]arene macrocycles are linked to a central 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene moiety is reported. Derivative 6 is able to give multiple-threading processes in the presence of dialkylammonium axles. The formation of pseudo[2]rotaxane, pseudo[3]rotaxane, and pseudo[4]rotaxane by threading one, two, and three, respectively, calix-wheels of 6 has been studied by 1D and 2D NMR, DOSY, and ESI-FT-ICR MS/MS experiments. The use of a directional alkylbenzylammonium axle led to the stereoselective formation of endo-alkyl pseudo[n]rotaxane stereoisomers.
WOOD-DERIVED BIOCHAR INFLUENCES NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY OF HEAVY METALS IN SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA) UNDER GROUNDWATER AND WASTEWATER IRRIGATION
Authors: Ghori Sadaf Aslam , Gul Shamim , Tahir Saniya , Sohail Meenah , Batool Saira , Shahwani Muhammad Naeem , Bano Gul , Butt Mujeeb-ur-Rehman
Published: September 2019

Present study analysed the influence of slow-pyrolyzed wood-derived biochar on growth performance and heavy metal accumulation in the leaves of spinach grown under groundwater and wastewater irrigation. Biochar was applied in soil as 5% (~30 t·ha−1) and 10% (~60 t·ha−1) amendment. According to results, plant biomass was significantly higher under wastewater than groundwater irrigation. Biochar amendment increased significantly the aboveground plant biomass and root biomass and promoted water use efficiency (WUE). Under groundwater irrigation, biochar amendment at 10% application rate, increased the leaf area index (P < 0.05), while amendment of biochar at all application rates significantly reduced leaf area index under wastewater irrigation (P < 0.05). Application of biochar also reduced accumulation of rhizosphere soil around roots under wastewater irrigation, indicating less exudate production in the rhizosphere of plants. Biochar significantly reduced the concentration of copper (Cu) in under wastewater irrigation. Biochar increased the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of plants for zinc (Zn) and Cu under wastewater irrigation.
Analysis of a Century’s Worth of AR Scorpii Photometry from DASCH and ASAS-SN
Authors: Peterson Erik , Littlefield Colin , Garnavich Peter
Published: September 2019

AR Scorpii (AR Sco) is a binary star system containing the only known white dwarf (WD) pulsar. Previously reported photometric data sets only provide coverage back to 2005, but we extend the observational baseline for AR Sco back to the beginning of the 20th century by analyzing observations from the Digital Access to a Sky Century at Harvard project (DASCH). We find that the orbital waveform of AR Sco remained constant across that baseline with no significant deviations from its average brightness. This result strongly suggests that the absence of accretion in modern observations is a long-term feature of AR Sco. Additionally, the DASCH light curve provides an opportunity to test an earlier prediction that an obliquity of the WD would result in a precessional period observable in long-term studies of the orbital light curve. The DASCH observations do not indicate the presence of such a period, and we show that previous, inconclusive tests of this hypothesis were insensitive to the existence of a precessional period. Furthermore, the long DASCH baseline enables us to constrain the rate of change of the orbital frequency to

, constraining the efficacy of magnetic braking as a mechanism of angular-momentum loss in this system. Finally, we discuss how the combination of the orbital waveform’s stability, high amplitude, and short period should make it possible to identify additional WD pulsars in all-sky survey data.
Jupiter’s Atmospheric Variability from Long-term Ground-based Observations at 5 μm
Authors: Antuñano Arrate , Fletcher Leigh N. , Orton Glenn S. , Melin Henrik , Milan Steve , Rogers John , Greathouse Thomas , Harrington Joseph , Donnelly Padraig T. , Giles Rohini
Published: September 2019

Jupiter’s banded structure undergoes strong temporal variations, changing the visible and infrared appearance of the belts and zones in a complex and turbulent way through physical processes that are not yet understood. In this study, we use ground-based 5-μm infrared data captured between 1984 and 2018 by eight different instruments mounted on the Infrared Telescope Facility in Hawai’i and on the Very Large Telescope in Chile to analyze and characterize the long-term variability of Jupiter’s cloud-forming region at the 1–4 bar pressure level. The data show a large temporal variability mainly at the equatorial and tropical latitudes, with a smaller temporal variability at mid-latitudes. We also compare the 5-μm-bright and -dark regions with the locations of the visible zones and belts, and we find that these regions are not always colocated, especially in the southern hemisphere. We also present Lomb–Scargle and Wavelet Transform analyses in order to look for possible periodicities of the brightness changes that could help us understand their origin and predict future events. We see that some of these variations occur periodically in time intervals of 4–8 yr. The reasons for these time intervals are not understood, and we explore potential connections to both convective processes in the deeper weather layer and dynamical processes in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Finally, we perform a Principal Component analysis to reveal a clear anticorrelation on the 5 μm brightness changes between the North Equatorial Belt and the South Equatorial Belt, suggesting a possible connection between the changes in these belts.
La place inégale des États voisins de l’Allemagne nazie : mise en perspective du nouveau Völkerrecht avec la pratique du droit
Authors: Millon Clément
Published: September 2019

Après 1933, dans la science juridique, un nouveau Völkerrecht se développe, qui prend en considération les grands ensembles régionaux. Quelles sont les places de l’Est et de l’Ouest de l’Allemagne nazie dans ce contexte ? Cela dépend de trois facteurs étudiés ici : l’évolution de la doctrine du Völkerrecht en ce domaine ; l’application de la législation d’occupation ; l’image des pays concernés sous le regard vigilant du troisième Reich. Il apparaît essentiellement que l’Ouest de l’Europe a une meilleure position, dans une vision cohérente du monde.
La Baltique, une mer germanique ? L’Europe du Nord et du Nord-Est dans l’idéologie du troisième Reich
Authors: Bibert Alexandre
Published: September 2019

Avant la guerre, l’unité de l’espace baltique a été diversement appréhendée par les figures éminentes du régime nazi. Les succès rencontrés par l’Allemagne durant la guerre stimulent tout un imaginaire, mais aucune vision normative ne s’impose pour autant. Si l’intention de constituer un Grand Reich germanique autour de l’espace baltique paraît bien en 1941, la définition des contours de celui-ci est hautement évolutive, donc pragmatique, tandis que l’aspiration elle-même demeure masquée et source de tension au sein du régime.
Native pollinators alone provide full pollination on small-scale commercial cranberry (Ericaceae) farms
Authors: Arul Jothi Geena , Sircom Julie
Published: September 2019

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarponAiton (Ericaceae)) requires insect pollen vectors to maximise fruit yield. In many areas, commercial producers use managed bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to supplement native pollinators. On the island of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, due to the small number of available honey bee hives and import restrictions on commercially reared bumble bees, the use of supplemental pollinators is rare. Four farms were studied for two years to identify key pollinators and determine the relationship between fruit yield and bee abundance. The most commonly collected bees were species ofBombusLatreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae), which buzz-pollinate and are likely the primary pollinator on these farms; thus, fruit yield was examined with respect to totalBombusabundance. Stigma loading was also used as a measure of pollinator effectiveness. Contrary to expectation, there was no relationship betweenBombusabundance or stigma loading and either fruit set or weight, but there was significant year-to-year variation. Other factors were likely more important in determining yield, and further research is needed to identify those. Under current conditions, native bees provide ample pollination services for maximal yield.
Current status of presurgical infant orthopaedic treatment for cleft lip and palate patients: A critical review
Authors: Niranjane P. Priyanka , Kamble R. H. , Diagavane S. Pallavi , Shrivastav S. Sunita , Batra Puneet , Vasudevan S. D. , Patil Pushkar
Published: September 2019

Rehabilitation of cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients is a challenge for all the concerned members of the cleft team, and various treatment modalities have been attempted to obtain aesthetic results. Presurgical infant orthopaedics (PSIO) was introduced to reshape alveolar and nasal segments prior to surgical repair of cleft lip. However, literature reports lot of controversy regarding the use of PSIO in patients with CLP. Evaluation of long-term results of PSIO can provide scientific evidence on the efficacy and usefulness of PSIO in CLP patients. The aim was to assess the scientific evidence on the efficiency of PSIO appliances in patients with CLP and to critically analyse the current status of PSIO. A PubMed search was performed using the terms PSIO, presurgical nasoalveolar moulding and its long-term results and related articles were selected for the review. The documented studies report no beneficial effect of PSIO on maxillary arch dimensions, facial aesthetics and in the subsequent development of dentition and occlusion in CLP patients. Nasal moulding seems to be more beneficial and effective in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients with better long-term results.
Securing aesthetic outcomes for composite grafts to alar margin and columellar defects: A long term experience
Authors: Ahuja Rajeev B. , Gupta Rajat , Chatterjee Pallab , Shrivastava Prabhat
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Composite grafts for nasal reconstruction have been around for over a century but the opinion on its virtues and failings keeps vacillating with a huge difference on the safe size of the graft for transfer. Alar margin and columellar defects are more distinct than dorsal nasal defects in greater difficulty in ensuring a good aesthetic outcome. We report our series of 19 consecutive patients in whom a composite graft was used to reconstruct a defect of alar margin (8 patients), alar base (7 patients) or columella (4 patients). Patients and Methods: Patient ages ranged from 3-35 years with 5 males and 14 females. The grafts to alar margin and base ranged 0.6-1 cm in width, while grafts to columella were 0.7-1.2 cm. The maximum dimension of the graft in this series was 0.9 mm × 10 mm. Composite grafts were sculpted to be two layered (skin + cartilage), three layered wedges (skin + cartilage + skin) or their combination (two layered in a portion and three layered in another portion). All grafts were cooled in postoperative period for three days by applying an indigenous ice pack of surgical glove. The follow up ranged from 3-9 months with an average of 4.5 months. Results: All of our 19 composite grafts survived completely but they all shrank by a small percentage of their bulk. Eleven patients rated the outcome between 90-95% improvement. We noticed that composite grafts tended to show varied pigmentation in our patients, akin to split skin grafts. Conclusion: In our opinion, most critical to graft survival is its size and the ratio of the marginal raw area to the graft bulk. We recommend that graft width should not exceed 1 cm to ensure complete survival even though larger sized grafts have been reported to survive. We recommend cooling of the graft and justify it on the analogy of ‘warm ischemia time’ for a replantation, especially in warmer climes like ours in India. We have outlined several considerations in the technique, with an analysis of differing opinions that should facilitate a surgeon in making an informed choice.
Cephalometric evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space after orthognathic surgery and distraction osteogenesis of the jaw bones
Authors: Sriram S. Ganapathy , Andrade Neelam N.
Published: September 2019

Objective: Orthognathic surgeries and distraction osteogenesis (DO) of the jaw bones cause a change in the pharyngeal airway space (PAS). The aim of our study was to evaluate the magnitude of changes occurring in the pharyngeal airway after mandibular set-back surgeries and DO of maxilla/mandible. Materials and Methods: The study undertaken was a retrospective cephalometric study. Subjects included in our study had undergone mandibular set-back surgery or DO of maxilla/mandible. Lateral cephalograms of the subjects taken pre-operatively (T0), immediate post-operatively (T1) and after a minimum follow-up period of 6 months (T2) were studied. The cephalograms were traced manually and the following parameters were evaluated: Surface area of the PAS, pharyngeal airway width at the level of the base of the tongue, position of the hyoid bone and the tongue. Repeated measure ANOVA test was done to assess the presence of any significant changes in the proposed parameters at T0, T1 and T2. A correlation analysis was made between the mandibular/maxillary movements and the corresponding changes in the PAS. Results: Surgical movements of maxilla and mandible do have an effect on the pharyngeal airway. Conclusion: It was clearly evident that the effects of mandibular movements on the PAS and the hyoid bone is more significant than the maxillary movements.
Effect of green tea on the second degree burn wounds in rats
Authors: Fatemi Mohammad Javad , Nikoomaram Babak , Rahimi Amir Asadollah Khajeh , Talayi Donya , Taghavi Shahrzad , Ghavami Yaser
Published: September 2019

Background: Various studies indicate that the green tea has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Moreover, a few studies have been carried out that demonstrate beneficial effects of green tea on burned patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, green tea, Vaseline, and silver sulfadiazine dressings were used as first-aid treatment to deep dermal contact burns in rats, compared with a control of nothing. After creating second-degree burn on the dorsum of rats, the treatments were applied for 15 min in four groups. Wound dressing changes were daily. Macroscopic study was performed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 by using a digital camera and software processing of photos. Microscopic examination was done by pathologic evaluation of skin specimens on day 14. Results: We observed that green tea usage significantly decreased burn size in comparison to the control group (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Green tea is effective on healing process of second degree burn wounds.
The efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy on chemotherapeutic extravasation ulcers: An experimental study
Authors: Isci Evren , Canter Halil I. , Dadaci Mehmet , Atilla Pergin , Cakar Ayse N. , Kecik Abdullah
Published: September 2019

Context: The extravasation of the chemotherapeutic agents is not an unusual phenomenon. Necrosis of the skin and underlying structures has been reported, depending on the cytotoxicity of the extravasating drug. Despite the presence of some antidotes, such wounds tend to enlarge with time and are likely to resist the treatment. Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on extravasation ulcers. Settings and Design: Animals were separated into two groups; conventional dressing group and NPWT group. Materials and Methods: Extravasation necrosis was established by intradermal doxorubicin injection. Following the debridement of the necrotic areas, one group of animals was treated with the conventional dressing while NPWT was applied to the other group. The wound areas were measured, and then biopsies were taken on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the debridement. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS 11.5 for Windows was used. Two-way ANOVA test was used to compare wound areas between groups. Willcoxon sign test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare histological scores between groups. Chi-square test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare histological scores within the group between the days. Results: There is no significant difference in terms of inflammatory cell count, neovascularisation, granulation tissue formation between the groups. Contrary to these results wound areas at the end of the treatment were smaller in the NPWT group compared with the dressing group. Conclusion: There is the superiority of NPWT over conventional dressing in chemotherapeutic extravasation wounds as well as the wound area is concerned, but it is not proven histologically.
Beyond antisepsis: Examining the relevance of the works of Joseph Baron Lister to the contemporary surgeon-scientist
Authors: Glass Graeme E.
Published: September 2019

As the father of antispesis, the legacy of Joseph Baron Lister is assured and his influence on the development of contemporary surgical practice is recognised in the context of his achievement of predictable, infection-free surgery. However, looking beyond Lister’s finest achievement and examining this work in the context of his whole career as a surgeon-scientist reveals important lessons pertinent to aspiring peers in how, by replacing surgical dogma with observation, deductive reasoning and scientific verification, by pursuing good ideas in the face of resistance and by making research directly relevant and patient-focused, lasting changes can be accomplished. This short paper aims to put Lister’s developments in antisepsis in the context of his whole career, to evaluate his legacy and to commend his approach to contemporary surgeon-scientists.
Thermal burns on lower limb resulting from laptop use: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Jacob Nebu C. , Zarugh Adel , Suraliwala Khushroo H.
Published: September 2019

We report a case of a 29-year-old man with a background history of incomplete quadriplegia, who sustained a second degree thermal burn of the lower limb from prolonged proximity to the extractor fan of his laptop. We have also reviewed all other reported cases of thermal burns associated with laptop use. This literature review highlights the variability in the extent of injury and the subsequent management of laptop induced burns.