bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisão de literatura das técnicas de estratificação com resina composta em dentes anteriores
Authors: Martins Letícia Mendes , Pereira Leidiane de Souza , Milhomem Cristiane Nogueira Rodrigues , Yamasita Ricardo Kioyshi
Published: November 2022

A demanda por tratamentos reabilitadores tem sido uma busca constante nos consultórios odontológicos, principalmente na área da estética, onde a procura é o desejo de um sorriso perfeito, isto é, harmônico, volumosos e brancos. O objetivo deste artigo é abordar a importância de um planejamento individualizado e discutir sobre as resinas compostas e as técnicas de restaurações que foram aperfeiçoadas para promover qualidade de vida para os pacientes. Método: este trabalho foi realizado a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico e Pubmed utilizando artigos em português, que foram publicados entre os anos 2011 e 2022. Discussão: esta revisão de literatura fala sobre os materiais restauradores que foram modificados em relação as suas características, como espessura dos elementos, composição e propriedades óticas, essas transformações foram feitas pensando nos melhores resultados que pode se oferecer. Assim como as resinas as técnicas também foram aperfeiçoadas, como as técnicas de estratificação, onde são compostas de várias camadas de resina dependendo do caso. Conclusão: o planejamento e as corretas técnicas utilizadas oferecem qualidade de vida para os pacientes, sendo assim, conhecimento sobre a morfologia e em relação as propriedades das resinas compostas são essenciais.
A exclusão do herdeiro indigno e a burocratização imposta pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Abreu Emilly Rodrigues de , Pereira Thallyne Alves , Soares Nelly Ferreira
Published: November 2022

O Código Civil rege diversos atos dos brasileiros, incluindo contratos de diversas espécies, responsabilidade e a forma pela qual um herdeiro recebe a herança que é chamada de direito das sucessões. O presente trabalho aborda o direito das sucessões que tem como objeto a transferência do patrimônio de uma pessoa falecida aos seus herdeiros e enfoca na burocracia imposta pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro para a exclusão do herdeiro indigno da sucessão. A escolha do tema se deu em decorrência da observância de afronta a princípios constitucionais e de caraterísticas como a solidariedade e a confiança familiar pela imposição de Ação Declaratória de Indignidade nas hipóteses de indignidade já confirmadas na esfera criminal. Em decorrência desse cenário surgiu a seguinte problemática: Quais os possíveis reflexos jurídicos com a inclusão do artigo 1815-A pelo projeto de lei 7.806/10 no código civil em relação à exclusão do herdeiro por indignidade? Para tanto foi analisado o PL supra, bem como suas motivações evidenciadas por sua autora (ex-senadora Serys Slhessarenko) e comparado com a realidade atual da exclusão por indignidade após condenação na seara criminal, ademais, posições doutrinárias foram destacadas por se mostrarem conexas ao cenário que busca o PL. A conclusão foi que a aprovação do projeto de lei 7.806/10 consagraria a eficácia de disposições constitucionais, bem como seria de relevância para a proteção de importantes base do instituto familiar e afastaria a sucessão de cunho meramente patrimonial, sendo essencial sua aprovação. Por fim, a metodologia se deu por meio de pesquisas de cunho analítico realizadas em doutrinas, legislações e artigos científicos.
Percepção dos Enfermeiros a respeito das dificuldades vivenciadas em um Centro Oncológico de Alta Complexidade
Authors: Santos Isaías Vicente , Alves Siane Mariano , Santos Juliana Soares Laudelino , Lessa Victor José Correia , Rocha Ivani Maria da Silva Avelino , Santana Kleytonn Giann Silva de , Duprat Irena Penha , Paz Luíza Santos
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Analisar as percepções dos enfermeiros a respeito de suas rotinas e dos desafios vivenciados no cotidiano do cuidado às pessoas que vivem com câncer. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo com enfermeiros que atuam na assistência direta ao paciente oncológico no Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia, do Hospital Universitário professor Alberto Antunes, conduzido mediante entrevista semiestruturada, com uso da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Participaram 14 profissionais; após análise, emergiram duas categorias: “A consulta de enfermagem como instrumento qualificador do cuidado e o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 em um centro oncológico”; e “Situações difíceis no cuidado às pessoas que vivem com câncer”. Identificaram múltiplos fatores influenciadores de adoecimento físico e psíquico relacionados ao cotidiano da assistência oncológica.  Conclusão: Os profissionais apresentaram agentes influenciadores de desgastes físicos e emocionais e fizeram reflexões importantes a respeito da temática. Aponta-se que esses profissionais precisam de medidas de prevenção para auxiliar no enfrentamento dos problemas cotidianos.
Carbon-nitrogen association influences response of the microplankton food web to enrichment
Authors: Guo J , Brugel S , Andersson A , Cherif M
Published: November 2022

In aquatic ecosystems, there are 2 major forms of N available at the base of the planktonic food web: dissolved organic N (DON) and dissolved inorganic N (DIN). In DON, N is associated with organic C, which may promote both heterotrophs and autotrophs. In environments where DIN nitrate is the prevailing N form and dissociated dissolved organic C (DOC) is available, heterotrophs may also be promoted, but they may compete with the autotrophs for DIN. The influence of associated or dissociated CN nutrient sources on the interaction between organisms and the food web function is poorly known and has not been studied before. To approach this question, we performed a microcosm experiment with a coastal microbial food web, where N and C nutrient sources were provided either associated in 1 molecular compound (DON), or dissociated in 2 separate molecular compounds (DIN and DOC). The results showed that association or dissociation of C and N input had marked effects on all trophic levels, most probably through its effect on bacteria-phytoplankton interaction, which switched between increased coupling and increased competition. The biomass of all components of the food web benefitted from the association of C and N in a single DON molecule. Our study indicated that the degree of association between C and N is an important factor affecting the productivity and efficiency of the microbial food web. Therefore, the C and N association should be considered when studying aquatic systems.
Combining telemetry and fisheries data to quantify species overlap and evaluate bycatch mitigation strategies in an emergent Canadian Arctic fishery
Authors: Madigan DJ , Devine BM , Weber SB , Young AL , Hussey NE
Published: November 2022

Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides are bottom-dwelling flatfish that support commercial and community fisheries in Baffin Bay, Canada. Recently, exploratory inshore summer fisheries have raised concerns surrounding the bycatch of Greenland sharks Somniosus microcephalus and Arctic skate Amblyraja hyperborea, which are susceptible to overfishing due to their conservative life history traits. To explore fisheries selectivity and opportunities for bycatch mitigation, we combined pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) and fisheries data to assess habitat overlap and catch trends across these 3 species. PSAT data showed variable inter-specific overlap, with Greenland sharks primarily inhabiting depths <1000 m (725 ± 193 m), Greenland halibut inhabiting a narrower depth range (1030 ± 113 m), and Arctic skates overlapping depths (950 ± 225 m) of both species. However, fisheries data suggested high inter-specific overlap at deepest depths, with peak catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of all species at depths 800-1000 m. A marked decline in Greenland shark CPUE was observed throughout the fishing season which was best explained by cumulative fishing pressure. Combined tagging and fisheries data suggest that targeting specific seasonal habitat will not decrease bycatch, and inshore summer longline fisheries should be evaluated in the context of potentially high elasmobranch mortality, with enforced bycatch handling practices and alternative mitigation measures (e.g. gear modification or reduced soak times) required.
Delivering Precision Medicine and Patient-Centred Care Through a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Ucar Olga
Published: November 2022

The current treatment strategy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) aims to enable physicians to deliver optimal care and to improve the role that patients play in treatment decisions. The multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach integrates the patient’s perspective and sees the discussion of treatment options with both gastroenterologists and surgeons as early as possible. The MDT approach is also vital in managing the risk of IBD and cardiovascular-related comorbidities in patients with psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), where selection of appropriate medication may affect both the rheumatic condition and the associated comorbidity. Close interdisciplinary interactions between gastroenterologists, rheumatologists, and/or dermatologists are vital, and the ensuing knowledge transfer facilitates the provision of optimal patient care. Personalised medicine will have a profound impact on future treatment algorithms in IBD and other chronic inflammatory conditions. Owing to the complexity of these diseases, a novel approach is urgently needed that will aggregate data from multiple systems and integrate it into a so-called ‘IBD interactome’. This may help identify and target the key molecular components responsible for inflammation. Future treatment practices will also address the psychosocial aspects of IBD by empowering patients and integrating their perspective into the shared treatment decision-making process early on.
Prevention of Infantile Colic Using Probiotics
Authors: Ahanchian Hamid , Javid Asma
Published: November 2022

Objective: Infantile colic is a frustrating impasse that affects up to 20% of infants. Even though its pathogenesis is currently unknown, some hypotheses are food hypersensitivity or allergy, gut dysmotility, inflammation, and visceral pain. The use of probiotics in treatment and prevention of infantile colic is a relatively new topic.

Method: Literature searches were conducted using Ovid MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomised controlled trials including the terms “neonate(s)”, “infant(s)”, “probiotics”, “synbiotics”, “Lactobacillus”, “Bifidobacterium”, “colic”, and “prevention” were included.

Results: Three studies showed the different composition of intestinal microbiota between colicky infants and control groups. In six of the studies, probiotic and/or synbiotic supplementation significantly decreased the rate of crying and pain in colicky infants compared with placebo; however, in two studies, no effect on the incidence and frequency of colic-related restlessness was detected. In all, the reviewed studies demonstrated that probiotic and/or symbiotic treatment regimens were effective for infantile colic prevention.

Conclusions: There is much evidence suggestive of diversity in the intestinal microbiota among colicky and healthy infants. Based on recent research, using probiotics and synbiotics is a practical and favourable strategy for prevention and treatment of fussiness in colicky infants.
Are We Ready to Change the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Authors: Saul Helen
Published: November 2022

The objectives of the symposium were to raise awareness of the importance of treating early, setting treatment goals, and using enhanced clinical monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The progressive nature of Crohn’s disease (CD) leading to bowel damage is well-established, but, according to Prof Peyrin-Biroulet, there may be a window of opportunity early in the disease when progression can be prevented through early diagnosis coupled with early intervention. The same approach should be adopted for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), which he noted is frequently undertreated. UC is also progressive and the overall disability associated with UC is similar to CD.

Prof Colombel described the treat to target (T2T), with tight control (TC), approach in IBD. The target is a composite endpoint of clinical and endoscopic remission, determined and agreed upon with the patient. In this approach, the disease is continuously monitored and treatment modified until the target is reached with the primary aim of blocking disease progression. The CALM study1 demonstrated that a significantly higher proportion of patients in the TC arm achieved mucosal healing at 1 year compared to patients with a conventional treatment management. In order to illustrate the benefits of early diagnosis, Prof Panaccione presented two cases from clinical practice who exhibited similar symptoms at disease onset. The first case took 3 years to present; her treatment was managed conventionally and escalated according to symptoms with no assessment of biomarkers. She had recurrent symptoms and eventually required ileocaecal resection. By contrast, in the second case, diagnosis occurred within 4 months of symptom onset, and biomarkers were assessed. Biological treatment was initiated at the second consultation and optimised with a TC approach. The treatments in both cases were similar; however, conventional management resulted in disease progression and the T2T approach with TC resulted in asymptomatic, full disease control.

Prof Louis emphasised that good communication between physicians and patients results in the development of goals that are both relevant and meaningful to patients. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are increasingly included in clinical trials and required by regulatory agencies. Prof Louis described how tools such as the IBD Disk, which was developed in partnership with patients, can highlight issues that impact the patient’s life and therefore aid in optimal communication between physicians and patients.
Keanekaragaman Microarthropoda infauna Tanah Pada Areal Lahan Karst Bekas Kebun yang Diberakan di Kabupaten Buton Tengah
Authors: Muhsin Muhsin , Amirullah Amirullah , Santoso Muhammad Bayu , Indrawati Indrawati
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the population and diversity of infauna microarthropoda (Acari and Collembola) found in the karst area of abandoned gardens in Central Buton Regency. This research is an explorative research conducted on karst land in the garden that is temporarily cultivated (Station 1) and land that has been abandoned for 10 years (Station 2), each station consists of 4 sampling plots. Soil sampling is done by using Soil Ring Sampler with a diameter of 7.5 cm and a length of 10 cm. Soil samples were extracted by using Tullgreen Funnel and of the data analyzed  with Shannon-Wienner diversity index formula with descriptive data presentation. Microarthropoda infauna (Acari) at station 1 obtained as many as 6 species from 6 genera with a total of 45 individuals. At station 2 as many as 3 species of 3 genera, with a total of 20 individuals. Types of microarthropoda infauna (Acari) found in 2 research stations namely; Carpoglyphus lactis, Lasioacarus morsei, Pygmephorus spinosus, Suidasia pontifica, Tetranychus urticae  and Tyrophagus putrescentiae. The diversity of infauna microarthropodes at station 1 was 1,844 and station 2 was 1,394 in the moderate category.Keywords: Diversity, Microarthropod Infauna, Karst Area, Abandoned Garden AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui populasi dan keanekaragaman mikroarthropoda infauna (Acari) yang terdapat pada areal lahan karst bekas kebun yang diberakan di Kabupaten Buton Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif yang dilakukan pada lahan karst di kebun yang sementara diolah (Stasiun 1) dan lahan yang ditinggalkan selama 10 tahun (Stasiun 2),  masing-masing stasiun terdiri dari 4 plot pengambilan sampel. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan  menggunakan Soil Ring Sampler dengan ukuran diameter 7,5 cm dan panjang 10 cm. Sampel tanah di ekstraksi menggunakan Tullgreen Funnel dan dianalisis dengan rumus indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner dengan penyajian data yang bersifat deskriptif. Mikroarthropoda infauna (Acari) pada stasiun 1 diperoleh sebanyak 6 spesies dari 6 genus dengan total 45 individu. Pada stasiun 2 sebanyak 3 spesies dari 3 genus, dengan total sebanyak 20 individu. Jenis Mikroarthropoda infauna (Acari) yang ditemukan pada ke 2 stasiun penelitian yaitu; Carpoglyphus lactis, Lasioacarus morsei, Pygmephorus spinosus, Suidasia pontifica, Tetranychus urticae dan Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Keanekaragaman Mikroarthropoda infauna (Acari) pada stasiun 1 sebesar 1,844  dan stasiun 2 sebesar 1,394 yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang.Katakunci: Keanekaragaman, Mikroarthropoda Infauna, Kawasan Karst, Kebun diberakan
Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Sebagai Antipiretik Pada Mencit (Mus muscullus L.) Hiperpireksia
Authors: Muzuni Muzuni , Ali Uhra , Harlis Wa Ode
Published: November 2022

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of ethanol extract rhizome curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) as an antipyretic in mice(Mus muscullus L.) hyperpireksia. This study is an experimental study with the Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method. A total of 15 male mice weighing 30-35 grams were divided into 5 treatment groups namely KN (drinking water), KP (paracetamol), P1 (extract 3 mg/gr BB), P2 (extract 8 mg/gr BB) and P3 (extract 14 mg/gr BB). Hyperpyreksia is obtained by inducing mice with 10% peptons. When it reaches above normal temperatures (35.50C - 37.00C), it is given extracts according to the treatment group and measured its effect at minutes 30, 60 and 90. The data was analyzed using ANOVA with α=0.05 and advanced tests of LSD. The results showed P3 was more effective and faster at lowering body temperature, compared to KN, P1 and P2. Seen in the 90th minute the body temperature squeaked P3 (35.960C) back to normal temperatures and closer to KP (35,760C), after which followed by P2 (36.30C). KN (38,630C) and P1 (37,630C) are still categorized as high, as they have not returned to normal temperatures. The results can be concluded that the ethanol extract of curcuma rhizome has antipyretic activity. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak etanol rimpang temulawak(Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) sebagai antipiretik pada mencitMus muscullus L.) hiperpireksia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Sebanyak 15 ekor mencit jantan berat 30-35 gram dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu KN (air minum), KP (parasetamol), P1 (ekstrak 3 mg/gr BB), P2 (ekstrak 8 mg/gr BB) dan P3 (ekstrak 14 mg/gr BB). Mencit hiperpireksia diperoleh dengan cara menginduksi mencit dengan pepton 10 %. Ketika mencapai di atas suhu normal (35,50C - 37,00C), maka diberikan ekstrak sesuai kelompok perlakuan dan diukur pengaruhnya pada menit ke 30, 60 dan 90. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan α=0,05 dan uji lanjut LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan P3 lebih efektif dan lebih cepat menurunkan suhu tubuh mencit, dibandingkan dengan KN, P1 dan P2. Dilihat pada menit ke-90 suhu tubuh mencit P3 (35,960C) kembali ke suhu normal dan lebih mendekati KP (35,760C), setelah itu diikuti P2 (36,30C). KN (38,630C) dan P1 (37,630C) masih dikategorikan tinggi, karena belum kembali ke suhu normal. Hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol rimpang temulawak memiliki aktivitas antipiretik.Kata Kunci : Antipiretik, Temulawak, Mencit, Efektitivitas, Hiperpireksia.
Nouthetic Counseling for Prison Inmates
Authors: Kim Sang-Hee
Published: November 2022

Counseling is a field that is rapidly developing as the importance of the individual is recognized by society in the modern era. Counseling is also developing in Christian society, and the spectrum of theories and techniques is very wide depending on the perception of human beings and the perspectives of each party. Among them, there has already been a lot of approbation and criticism for Jay Adams, who opened a new horizon of biblical counseling through nouthetic counseling. However, no one can deny the contribution and influence of his counseling studies. In particular, a bigger effect can be expected for groups in special circumstances. One of those special groups is the prison inmates. They have their own peculiarities such as the isolated environment, psychological and physical stress, and heavy guilt, unlike the other groups of counselees.  Indonesia is a country with a large population, but there is still insufficient interest in prison inmates. In addition to this, it is unfortunate that, like in most other countries, there are not many scholars who have studied this field until now. Now in Indonesia, outside volunteers are in charge of many parts of the ministry for inmates counseling and edification of inmates. However, the reality is that these volunteers lack professional counseling education and training. And most Christian volunteers use prayer and the Bible as their primary counseling tools.
The Influence Of Parenting Styles To The Character Building Of The Youth Of Churches Members Of Bamag In Blitar City
Authors: Pualalo David Victor Arthur , Stella Yunita , Setyarini Lilis
Published: November 2022

The concept of parenting is tested in the character building of the youth of churches members of BAMAG in Blitar City. The purpose of this study is to determine whether parenting styles influences to the character building of the youth of churches members of BAMAG in Blitar City. The technique used in this research is the quantitative method. The respondents needed are 160 youth churches that are members of BAMAG in Blitar City and the author focuses on charismatic churches that are members of BAMAG. The results of the study concluded that the hypothesis in this study, namely the tendency of the influence of parenting styles (X) to the character building of the youth of churches members of BAMAG in Blitar City (Y) is "high" is proven, because the influence of parenting styles to the character building of the youth of churches members of BAMAG in Blitar City are 75.4% in the high category.
Pengaruh Pemberian ASI Eksklusif terhadap Amenorrhea Laktasi di Indonesia
Authors: Fatiah Mona Safitri , Tambing Yane , Catursaptani Robani
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The long return of menstruation in postpartum mothers is strongly influenced by the exclusive breastfeeding behavior. In Indonesia is still relatively low compared to other countries, where the median return of menstruation in postpartum mothers in Indonesia is 2 months. The purpose of this study was to look at the influence of exclusive breastfeeding on lactation amenorrhea. Methode: This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional research design with research samples are women who have married aged 15-49 years, amounting to 10,143 people. This study uses SDKI data in 2017 with survival analysis. The results of this study do show the influence of exclusive breastfeeding on lactation amenorrhea after being controlled by confoding variables in the form of education, age, parity, residence and the use of birth control (p value 0,048 with an HR value of 2,32 (95% CI=1,98 – 2,49).  The recommendation of this study is the need to increase KIA method related to the intensity and frequency of breastfeeding from mother to baby.
Detailed characterizations of cranial nerve anatomy in E14.5 mouse embryos/fetuses and their use as reference for diagnosing subtle, but potentially lethal malformations in mutants
Authors: Reissig Lukas F. , Geyer Stefan H. , Winkler Viola , Preineder Ester , Prin Fabrice , Wilson Robert , Galli Antonella , Tudor Catherine , White Jaqueline K. , Mohun Timothy J. , Weninger Wolfgang J.
Published: November 2022

Careful phenotype analysis of genetically altered mouse embryos/fetuses is vital for deciphering the function of pre- and perinatally lethal genes. Usually this involves comparing the anatomy of mutants with that of wild types of identical developmental stages. Detailed three dimensional information on regular cranial nerve (CN) anatomy of prenatal mice is very scarce. We therefore set out to provide such information to be used as reference data and selected mutants to demonstrate its potential for diagnosing CN abnormalities. Digital volume data of 152 wild type mice, harvested on embryonic day (E)14.5 and of 18 mutants of the Col4a2, Arid1b, Rpgrip1l and Cc2d2a null lines were examined. The volume data had been created with High Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM) as part of the deciphering the mechanisms of developmental disorders (DMDD) program. Employing volume and surface models, oblique slicing and digital measuring tools, we provide highly detailed anatomic descriptions of the CNs and measurements of the diameter of selected segments. Specifics of the developmental stages of E14.5 mice and anatomic norm variations were acknowledged. Using the provided data as reference enabled us to objectively diagnose CN abnormalities, such as abnormal formation of CN3 (Col4a2), neuroma of the motor portion of CN5 (Arid1b), thinning of CN7 (Rpgrip1l) and abnormal topology of CN12 (Cc2d2a). Although, in a first glimpse perceived as unspectacular, defects of the motor CN5 or CN7, like enlargement or thinning can cause death of newborns, by hindering feeding. Furthermore, abnormal topology of CN12 was recently identified as a highly reliable marker for low penetrating, but potentially lethal defects of the central nervous system.
Three types of Leishmania mexicana amastigotes: Proteome comparison by quantitative proteomic analysis
Authors: Pacakova Lenka , Harant Karel , Volf Petr , Lestinova Tereza
Published: November 2022

Leishmaniais the unicellular parasite transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly bite. It exists in two different forms; extracellular promastigotes, occurring in the gut of sand flies, and intracellular, round-shaped amastigotes residing mainly in vertebrate macrophages. As amastigotes originating from infected animals are often present in insufficient quality and quantity, two alternative types of amastigotes were introduced for laboratory experiments: axenic amastigotes and amastigotes from macrophages infectedin vitro. Nevertheless, there is very little information about the degree of similarity/difference among these three types of amastigotes on proteomic level, whose comparison is crucial for assessing the suitability of using alternative types of amastigotes in experiments. In this study,L. mexicanaamastigotes obtained from lesion of infected BALB/c mice were proteomically compared with alternatively cultivated amastigotes (axenic and macrophage-derived ones). Amastigotes of all three types were isolated, individually treated and analysed by LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis with quantification using TMT10-plex isobaric labeling. Significant differences were observed in the abundance of metabolic enzymes, virulence factors and proteins involved in translation and condensation of DNA. The most pronounced differences were observed between axenic amastigotes and lesion-derived amastigotes, macrophage-derived amastigotes were mostly intermediate between axenic and lesion-derived ones.
Surveying the scope, success, and challenges of plant conservation community science
Authors: Finch Jessamine , Jasny Micah , Kucera Katherine F. , Kiefer Gretel
Published: November 2022

First emerging at the end of the 20th century, community science (a.k.a. citizen science), utilizing volunteers and volunteer-contributed data, has become a major component of biological conservation worldwide. Interacting factors including limited funding, technology availability, and public interest present a unique opportunity for conservation scientists and practitioners to benefit from larger datasets with broader spatial and temporal reach than possible from professional researchers alone. In tandem with benefits to science, volunteers gain hands-on research experience, scientific knowledge, outdoor opportunities, and community. However, this approach is far from universally adopted, as some researchers question the accuracy and value of community science data and entrusting volunteers with sensitive data, such as rare plant locations. We assessed community science projects that conduct rare plant monitoring to examine the value of community science in plant conservation. We identified projects through research and targeted outreach. Through digital surveys of project managers and volunteers, we collected qualitative and quantitative data addressing the efficacy of projects in regard to a number of predictor variables (e.g., staffing, funding, program size, data management, volunteer training, and demographics) and metrics of success (e.g., number of volunteers engaged, monitoring assignments, and publications). We reported the qualities of successful plant conservation community science projects to encourage the establishment of new projects, the improvement of existing ones, and the maximum application of volunteer-contributed rare plant monitoring datasets. We propose the establishment of a community science rare plant monitoring network to facilitate sharing ideas, strategies, and tools for project success.
The critical issue linking lipids and inflammation: Clinical utility of stopping oxidative stress
Authors: Bale Bradley Field , Doneen Amy Lynn , Leimgruber Pierre P. , Vigerust David John
Published: November 2022

The formation of an atheroma begins when lipoproteins become trapped in the intima. Entrapped lipoproteins become oxidized and activate the innate immune system. This immunity represents the primary association between lipids and inflammation. When the trapping continues, the link between lipids and inflammation becomes chronic and detrimental, resulting in atherosclerosis. When entrapment ceases, the association between lipids and inflammation is temporary and healthy, and the atherogenic process halts. Therefore, the link between lipids and inflammation depends upon lipoprotein retention in the intima. The entrapment is due to electrostatic forces uniting apolipoprotein B to polysaccharide chains on intimal proteoglycans. The genetic transformation of contractile smooth muscle cells in the media into migratory secretory smooth muscle cells produces the intimal proteoglycans. The protein, platelet-derived growth factor produced by activated platelets, is the primary stimulus for this genetic change. Oxidative stress is the main stimulus to activate platelets. Therefore, minimizing oxidative stress would significantly reduce the retention of lipoproteins. Less entrapment decreases the association between lipids and inflammation. More importantly, it would halt atherogenesis. This review will analyze oxidative stress as the critical link between lipids, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Through this perspective, we will discuss stopping oxidative stress to disrupt a harmful association between lipids and inflammation. Numerous therapeutic options will be discussed to mitigate oxidative stress. This paper will add a new meaning to the Morse code distress signal SOS-stopping oxidative stress.
DANCER: Study protocol of a prospective, non-randomized controlled trial for crossed limb versus standard limb configuration in endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Shen Yinzhi , Wang Jiarong , Zhao Jichun , Yuan Ding , Wang Tiehao , Huang Bin
Published: November 2022

Background

Hostile anatomy, especially severely angulated neck and tortuous iliac arteries, has always been a conundrum in endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Crossed limb (CL) graft, also called the “ballerina technique,” has been utilized to address this problem by facilitating gate cannulation. In terms of short and long-term outcomes, correlated studies have made inconsistent conclusions and this issue remains controversial. Based on a previous cohort study conducted in our center, we aim to prospectively compare the safety and efficacy between CL and standard limb (SL) configuration in patients receiving EVAR.

Methods

This is a prospective, single-center, non-randomized controlled trial. A total of 275 patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be enrolled and allocated with a 4:11 ratio of CL to SL, which is based on results of our previous study. All patients will receive same perioperative management and postoperative medications. All EVAR procedures will be performed under standard protocol, utilizing Endurant II or IIs Stent Graft. The configuration of the graft stent will be decided by surgeons and confirmed by final angiography. The primary outcome is 3-year freedom from major adverse limb-graft events (MALEs). Endpoints will be assessed at the following time points: 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.

Discussion

To our best knowledge, this crosseD vs. stANdard Configuration in Endovascular Repair (DANCER) trial is the first non-randomized controlled trial to compare these two graft configurations in EVAR. The main aim is to compare the MALEs between two groups at 3 years postoperatively. This trial will hopefully provide high-level evidence for employing CL in EVAR.

Clinical trial registration

[www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2100053055].
Use of fibrates is not associated with reduced risks of mortality or cardiovascular events among ESRD patients: A national cohort study
Authors: Ho Wen-Yu , Yen Chieh-Li , Lee Cheng-Chia , Tu Yi-Ran , Chen Chao-Yu , Hsiao Ching-Chung , Chu Pao-Hsien , Hsu Hsiang-Hao , Tian Ya-Chun , Chang Chih-Hsiang
Published: November 2022

Background

Although a recent study reported that fibrates are associated with a low risk of cardiovascular (CV) death and can postpone the need for long-term hemodialysis in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), little is known regarding whether the CV protective effects of fibrates extend to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study compared CV outcomes and mortality among patients with ESRD treated with fibrates, statins, neither, or their combination.

Methods

This cohort study extracted data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Adult patients with ESRD and hyperlipidemia were identified and categorized into four groups (fibrate, statin, combination, and non-user groups) according to their use of different lipid-lowering therapies within 3 months prior to the commencement of permanent dialysis. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance the baseline characteristics of the groups. The follow-up outcomes were all-cause mortality, CV death, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs).

Results

Compared with the non-user and statin groups, the fibrate group did not exhibit significantly lower risks of all-cause mortality [fibrate vs. non-user: hazard ratio (HR), 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92–1.03; statin vs. fibrate: HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–1.01], CV death (fibrate vs. non-user: HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90–1.05; statin vs. fibrate: HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90–1.06), and MACCEs (fibrate vs. non-user: HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96–1.10; statin vs. fibrate: HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87–1.004). The combination of fibrates and statins (specifically moderate- to high-potency statins) did not result in lower risks of all-cause mortality, CV death, or MACCEs compared with statins alone.

Conclusion

In patients with ESRD, the use of fibrates might be not associated with reduced mortality or CV risks, regardless of whether they are used alone or in combination with statins.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy involves the myocardium and causes arrhythmia: Case report
Authors: Liu Xuhan , Zhao Wei , Shu Shangzhi , Zhang Weihua
Published: November 2022

Background

Patients with muscular dystrophy have mutations in the gene that can lead to severe muscle wasting, respiratory issues or heart failure between ages 30 and 40. Currently, there is no effective treatment for DMD-induced heart failure.

Case presentation

We report a patient with recurrent unexplained fever and muscle soreness was definitely diagnosed with DMD. An analysis of the patient's genetics revealed a nonsense mutation (C.1207G > T). His DMD was treated with hormones. Also, the patient's fever is under control because of hormone therapy. However, as the disease progresses, the heart structure and function gradually change, and eventually malignant arrhythmias occur.

Conclusion

We report a rare case of DMD involving the heart causing heart failure and malignant arrhythmia. Currently, no complete treatment is available for these patients, but our treatment regimen may benefit our patient and improve his outcomes.
The entrepreneurial mindset and self-employment intention of high school learners: The moderating role of family business ownership
Authors: Chilenga Ntharika , Dhliwayo Shepherd , Chebo Abdella K.
Published: November 2022

Entrepreneurship, through successful business venturing, plays a pivotal role in a nation’s endeavor to create jobs and boost the economy. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) reports state that South Africa’s early stage total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) is lower than most countries that are at comparable levels of development. Therefore, the entrepreneurial mindset of high school learners and its influence on self-employment intention were assessed in this study. Also, the moderating effect of family business ownership on the relationship was measured. The data collected from 320 learners in randomly selected 10 high schools in Gauteng were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. The study finds that the level of an entrepreneurial mindset is above average, which provides the potential for a higher total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) in the future. Both entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial traits significantly influence self-employment intention, while learners’ family business background moderates the relationship. The study establishes the entrepreneurial mindset level of high school students in a country with one of the lowest TEA in the world, South Africa, where (possibly) the latest entrepreneurial mindset measure, the Entrepreneurial Mindset Profile (EMP) instrument is used. Also, it’s unique in testing the role of family business background in intensifying the entrepreneurial mindset toward self-employment intention. Therefore, the Department of Basic Education should aim to tap into the existing desire in high school learners and develop a curriculum that integrates theoretical and experiential learning. It is expected that this intervention will improve the future TEA of the country.
Free triiodothyronine levels and age influences the metabolic profile and COVID-19 severity parameters in euthyroid and levothyroxine-treated patients
Authors: Amich Inés , Anguita Eduardo , Escribano-Serrat Silvia , Alvarez Cristina , Rodríguez-Muñoz Diego , García Verónica , Bello Rocío , Peña-Pedrosa José Alberto , Martínez-Micaelo Neus , Amigó Nuria , Ortiz Pablo , Torrejón María José , Boscá Lisardo , Martín-Sánchez Javier , Aranda Ana , Alemany Susana
Published: November 2022

Metabolic reprogramming is required to fight infections and thyroid hormones are key regulators of metabolism. We have analyzed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: 40 euthyroid and 39 levothyroxine (LT4)-treated patients in the ward and 29 euthyroid and 9 LT4-treated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), the baseline characteristics, laboratory data, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), the FT3/FT4 ratio, 11 antiviral cytokines and 74 metabolomic parameters. No evidence for significant differences between euthyroid and LT4-treated patients were found in the biochemical, metabolomic and cytokines parameters analyzed. Only TSH (p=0.009) and ferritin (p=0.031) showed significant differences between euthyroid and LT4-treated patients in the ward, and TSH (p=0.044) and FT4 (p=0.012) in the ICU. Accordingly, severity and mortality were similar in euthyroid and LT4-treated patients. On the other hand, FT3 was negatively related to age (p=0.012), independently of sex and body mass index in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients with low FT3 and older age showed a worse prognosis and higher levels of the COVID-19 severity markers IL-6 and IL-10 than patients with high FT3. IL-6 negatively correlated with FT3 (p=0.023) independently of age, body mass index and sex, whereas IL-10 positively associated with age (p=0.035) independently of FT3, body mass index and sex. A metabolomic cluster of 6 parameters defined low FT3 ward patients. Two parameters, esterified cholesterol (p=4.1x10-4) and small HDL particles (p=6.0x10-5) correlated with FT3 independently of age, body mass index and sex, whereas 3-hydroxybutyrate (p=0.010), acetone (p=0.076), creatinine (p=0.017) and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) diameter (p=8.3x10-3) were associated to FT3 and also to age, with p-values of 0.030, 0.026, 0.017 and 8.3x10-3, respectively. In conclusion, no significant differences in FT3, cytokines, and metabolomic profile, or in severity and outcome of COVID-19, were found during hospitalization between euthyroid patients and hypothyroid patients treated with LT4. In addition, FT3 and age negatively correlate in COVID-19 patients and parameters that predict poor prognosis were associated with low FT3, and/or with age. A metabolomic cluster indicative of a high ketogenic profile defines non-critical hospitalized patients with low FT3 levels.
The use of temozolomide in paediatric metastatic phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Urquhart Calum , Fleming Ben , Harper Ines , Aloj Luigi , Armstrong Ruth , Hook Liz , Long Anna-May , Jackson Claire , Gallagher Ferdia A. , McLean Mary A. , Tarpey Patrick , Kosmoliaptsis Vasilis , Nicholson James , Hendriks A. Emile J. , Casey Ruth T.
Published: November 2022

There is increasing evidence to support the use of temozolomide therapy for the treatment of metastatic phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) in adults, particularly in patients with SDHx mutations. In children however, very little data is available. In this report, we present the case of a 12-year-old female with a SDHB-related metastatic paraganglioma treated with surgery followed by temozolomide therapy. The patient presented with symptoms of palpitations, sweating, flushing and hypertension and was diagnosed with a paraganglioma. The primary mass was surgically resected six weeks later after appropriate alpha- and beta-blockade. During the surgery extensive nodal disease was identified that had been masked by the larger paraganglioma. Histological review confirmed a diagnosis of a metastatic SDHB-deficient paraganglioma with nodal involvement. Post-operatively, these nodal lesions demonstrated tracer uptake on 18F-FDG PET-CT. Due to poor tumour tracer uptake on 68Ga-DOTATATE and 123I-MIBG functional imaging studies radionuclide therapy was not undertaken as a potential therapeutic option for this patient. Due to the low tumour burden and lack of clinical symptoms, the multi-disciplinary team opted for close surveillance for the first year, during which time the patient continued to thrive and progress through puberty. 13 months after surgery, evidence of radiological and biochemical progression prompted the decision to start systemic monotherapy using temozolomide. The patient has now completed ten cycles of therapy with limited adverse effects and has benefited from a partial radiological and biochemical response.
Construction and validation of an immune-related genes prognostic index (IRGPI) model in colon cancer
Authors: Jin Yabin , Deng Jianzhong , Luo Bing , Zhong Yubo , Yu Si
Published: November 2022

Background

Though immunotherapy has become one of the standard therapies for colon cancer, the overall effective rate of immunotherapy is very low. Constructing an immune-related genes prognostic index (IRGPI) model may help to predict the response to immunotherapy and clinical outcomes.

Methods

Differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) between normal tissues and colon cancer tissues were identified and used to construct the co-expression network. Genes in the module with the most significant differences were further analyzed. Independent prognostic immune-related genes (IRGs) were identified by univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. Independent prognostic IRGs were used to construct the IRGPI model using the multivariate cox proportional hazards regression model, and the IRGPI model was validated by independent dataset. ROC curves were plotted and AUCs were calculated to estimate the predictive power of the IRGPI model to prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to screen the enriched KEGG pathways in the high-risk and low-risk phenotype. Correlations between IRGPI and clinical characteristic, immune checkpoint expression, TMB, immune cell infiltration, immune function, immune dysfunction, immune exclusion, immune subtype were analyzed.

Results

Totally 680 DEIRGs were identified. Three independent IRGs,NR5A2, PPARGC1A and LGALS4, were independently related to survival. NR5A2, PPARGC1A and LGALS4 were used to establish the IRGPI model. Survival analysis showed that patients with high-risk showed worse survival than patients in the low-risk group. The AUC of the IRGPI model for 1-year, 3-year and 5-year were 0.584, 0.608 and 0.697, respectively. Univariate analysis and multivariate cox regression analysis indicated that IRGPI were independent prognostic factors for survival. Stratified survival analysis showed that patients with IRGPI low-risk and low TMB had the best survival, which suggested that combination of TMB and IRGPI can better predict clinical outcome. Immune cell infiltration, immune function, immune checkpoint expression and immune exclusion were different between IRGPI high-risk and low-risk patients.

Conclusion

An immune-related genes prognostic index (IRGPI) was constructed and validated in the current study and the IRGPI maybe a potential biomarker for evaluating response to immunotherapy and clinical outcome for colon cancer patients.
Transcriptomic analysis of isolated and pooled human postmortem cerebellar Purkinje cells in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Brandenburg Cheryl , Griswold Anthony J. , Van Booven Derek J. , Kilander Michaela B. C. , Frei Jeannine A. , Nestor Michael W. , Dykxhoorn Derek M. , Pericak-Vance Margaret A. , Blatt Gene J.
Published: November 2022

At present, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have not been established. However, studies from human postmortem ASD brains have consistently revealed disruptions in cerebellar circuitry, specifically reductions in Purkinje cell (PC) number and size. Alterations in cerebellar circuitry would have important implications for information processing within the cerebellum and affect a wide range of human motor and non-motor behaviors. Laser capture microdissection was performed to obtain pure PC populations from a cohort of postmortem control and ASD cases and transcriptional profiles were compared. The 427 differentially expressed genes were enriched for gene ontology biological processes related to developmental organization/connectivity, extracellular matrix organization, calcium ion response, immune function and PC signaling alterations. Given the complexity of PCs and their far-ranging roles in response to sensory stimuli and motor function regulation, understanding transcriptional differences in this subset of cerebellar cells in ASD may inform on convergent pathways that impact neuronal function.