bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Feature Selection Method Based on Hybrid Approach for Colorectal Cancer Histology Classification
Authors: Deif Mohanad A. , Attar Hani , Amer Ayman , Issa Haitham , Khosravi Mohammad R. , Solyman Ahmed A. A.
Published: May 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. To reduce cancer mortality, early diagnosis and treatment are essential in leading to a greater improvement and survival length of patients. In this paper, a hybrid feature selection technique (RF-GWO) based on random forest (RF) algorithm and gray wolf optimization (GWO) was proposed for handling high dimensional and redundant datasets for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Feature selection aims to properly select the minimal most relevant subset of features out of a vast amount of complex noisy data to reach high classification accuracy. Gray wolf optimization (GWO) and random forest (RF) algorithm were utilized to find the most suitable features in the histological images of the human colorectal cancer dataset. Then, based on the best-selected features, the artificial neural networks (ANNs) classifier was applied to classify multiclass texture analysis in colorectal cancer. A comparison between the GWO and another optimizer technique particle swarm optimization (PSO) was also conducted to determine which technique is the most successful in the enhancement of the RF algorithm. Furthermore, it is crucial to select an optimizer technique having the capability of removing redundant features and attaining the optimal feature subset and therefore achieving high CRC classification performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and sensitivity rates. The Heidelberg University Medical Center Pathology archive was used for performance check of the proposed method which was found to outperform benchmark approaches. The results revealed that the proposed feature selection method (GWO-RF) has outperformed the other state of art methods where it achieved overall accuracy, precision, and sensitivity rates of 98.74%, 98.88%, and 98.63%, respectively.
Contributions of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Foot Muscles during Functional Standing Postures
Authors: Ridge Sarah T. , Rowley K. Michael , Kurihara Toshiyuki , McClung Matthew , Tang Jiaxi , Reischl Steven , Kulig Kornelia
Published: May 2022

Purpose. Maintaining balance during static standing postures requires the coordination of many neuromuscular mechanisms. The role of the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles in this paradigm has yet to be clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to explore foot muscle activation during static phases on common weight‐bearing tasks of varying loads and balance demands. Methods. Twenty healthy young adults performed 6 standing postures (single‐limb and double‐limb stand, squat, and heel raise) with one foot on a force plate. Muscle activity was recorded from the abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis longus and brevis, and tibialis posterior using intramuscular electrodes; surface electrodes were used to record activity from the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior. Two‐way repeated measures ANOVA (2 loading conditions × 3 postures) were run to compare muscle activation and center of pressure velocity. Results. Intrinsic foot muscle activity increased as loading and postural demand increased; however, the specific effects varied for each of the extrinsic foot muscles. Conclusions. These results suggest that the intrinsic foot muscles play an important role in maintaining static balance. Strengthening intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles may help increase stability in people who have weak toe flexors or who suffer from a variety of foot pathologies.
Assessing Producers’ Knowledge in Good Manufacturing Practices during the Production of a Traditionally Fermented Food (Ga Kenkey) in the Ho Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Madilo Felix Kwashie , Letsyo Emmanuel , Oppong Bless Abrah , Buachi Yayra Benedicta , Klutse Comfort Mawuse , Parry-Hanson Kunadu Angela
Published: May 2022

Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is the primary sanitary and processing requirement necessary to ensure the production of safe foods. It ensures that the production facilities and processes have the necessary conditions to prevent potential hazards from contaminating foods. However, little is known about its application in the production of a traditionally fermented and well-patronized food like the Ga kenkey. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of Ga kenkey producers in GMPs. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared and used to recruit 42 Ga kenkey producers using convenient sampling techniques. Out of the 42 producers, 83.3% were females, between 18 and 33 years (61.9%) and single (42.9%), and have been in the business for about 0 to 5 years (69.1%). A significant number of producers had neither GMP, food safety nor HACCP training. The producers have inadequate knowledge of GMPs since majority of them do not use gloves and consider wearing them unnecessary. Even though the producers agreed that GMPs improve product qualities, the establishment of reputation, and customer satisfaction and identify problems within the production process, they however did not pay attention to any form of hazards during the production process. Therefore, since education, training, and experience had a significant (

P
≤
0.05

) positive influence on the producers’ knowledge and practices, sufficient training in GMPs coupled with regular supervision should be provided to the producers for the hygienic and safe production of this commonly patronized food.
Cordial and Total Cordial Labeling of Corona Product of Paths and Second Order of Lemniscate Graphs
Authors: ELrokh Ashraf , Ali Al-Shamiri Mohammed M. , Nada Shokry , El-hay Atef Abd
Published: May 2022

A simple graph is called cordial if it admits 0‐1 labeling that satisfies certain conditions. The second order of lemniscate graph is a graph of two second order of circles that have one vertex in common. In this paper, we introduce some new results on cordial labeling, total cordial, and present necessary and sufficient conditions of cordial and total cordial for corona product of paths and second order of lemniscate graphs.
Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Gamma Distribution and Mixture Model
Authors: Khan Yaser Daanial , Mahmood M. Khalid , Ahmad Daud , Al-Zidi Nasser M.
Published: May 2022

Since the last decade, the complexity of multimedia data, specifically images, is emerging exponentially as millions of images are uploaded by users on daily basis. Searching for a relevant image from such a substantial amount of data is very hectic and resource-demanding. To cope with this issue, researchers are working on content-based image retrieval (CBIR) approaches. This article proposes an efficient and novel probabilistic technique as a solution for content-based image retrieval. The patterns formed by the glyph structure of an image are excavated to yield content representations. These representations are accumulatively used to form a distribution, whereas the characteristics of this distribution represent the semantic structure of the image. In the end, the mixture model for gamma distribution is applied and parameters are refined through maximum likelihood. Furthermore, a mechanism is devised to retrieve matching images having comparable distribution patterns. Experiments show not only that the proposed technique yields a comparable precision to other competitive techniques but it also demonstrates that it is sufficiently efficient with high performance compared as compared to the others and requires unsupervised training.
A Training Sequence-Based Ranging Method for R-Mode of VHF Data Exchange System
Authors: Sun Xiaowen , Hu Qing , Jiang Yi
Published: May 2022

The space-time reference provided by GNSS is the basis of the 6G mobile communication integrating land, sea, air, and space. But GNSS has natural vulnerability. In order to solve this problem at sea, ships should be equipped with both space-based and land-based positioning and navigation systems in the future. The Ranging Mode (R-Mode) of the existing maritime communication system is an economical land-based backup positioning system, which is also an important support for e-Navigation. This paper proposes a pseudorange measurement method based on training sequence with multicorrelators, which can be used in the R-Mode of the VHF data exchange system (VDES). This method uses the correlation property of the ASM and VDE training sequence in the VDES for ranging. It reproduces the training sequence in the receiver, and then, noncoherent correlates with the received signal, meanwhile using the pseudorange measurement method with multicorrelators to reduce the influence of pulse shaping on the correlation curve. This paper also gives a design of receiver to implement the proposed method. Experiments are carried out based on the receiver to evaluate the ranging performance. The results show that, compared with the traditional maximum correlation value and E-L methods, the multicorrelator method can effectively reduce the ranging error. When

E

s

/

N

0

is greater than 15 dB, the ranging accuracy of the proposed method can be better than 3 m. With the proposed method, the VDES signal can be used for both ranging and communication. Compared with the general VDES function, it does not occupy any additional time slot resources. This provides a reference for the future research of the VDES R-Mode, which can be used to solve the vulnerability problem of the GNSS on maritime communication.
Multimodal Emotion Recognition Algorithm for Artificial Intelligence Information System
Authors: Weng Yabin , Lin Feiting
Published: May 2022

Emotional expression is an essential and important link in human social activities and daily communication activities. Emotion recognition is a technology that uses computer technology to recognize the emotion of recognized objects. When emotion recognition technology was born, the research on human emotion recognition mainly focused on single-modal emotion recognition. Single-modal emotion recognition has been the most commonly used emotion recognition method. However, in recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of people’s awareness of the defects of single-modal emotion recognition, the research on multimodal emotion recognition is increasingly emerging. This paper is aimed at analyzing and studying the multimodal emotion recognition algorithm in artificial intelligence information system. Based on this research topic, this paper designs a single-modal and multimodal emotion recognition comparison simulation experiment for the four emotional characteristics of happiness, sadness, shock, and anger extracted from artificial intelligence information systems. The experiment concluded that the comprehensive emotion recognition accuracy rate of the multimodal emotion recognition algorithm in the artificial intelligence information system reached 93%. Compared with single-mode emotion recognition, the comprehensive recognition accuracy is improved by 7%.
The Effect of Aloe vera and Chlorhexidine as Disinfectants on the Success of Selective Caries Removal Technique: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Al-Abdullah Ahmad , Edris Samer , Abu Hasna Amjad , de Carvalho Lara Steffany , Al-Nahlawi Talal
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera and chlorhexidine “CHX” as disinfectants on the success of selective caries removal technique in deep carious lesions. A total of 60 patients with: (I) deep class II carious lesion diagnosed with reversible pulpitis; (II) good oral hygiene; (III) no gingival recession or periodontal diseases; (IV) no antibiotic or antifungal treatment in the last three months; and (V) no systematic disease or pregnancy were included in the study. Sixty patients were distributed randomly to three experimental groups (n = 20): Group 1: no disinfectant solution was applied (control group); group 2: the cavity was filled with 2% CHX for 5 mins and then dried with a sterilized cotton pellet; group 3: the cavity was filled with Aloe vera extract for 5 mins and then dried with sterilized cotton pellet. One week later, only teeth with vital pulp characteristics were restored definitely with resin composite. After 18 months, clinical and radiographic examination was performed by using a blinded separated evaluator. The data were tabulated and analyzed using the chi-square test by SPSS 13.0 with a significance level (p≤0.05). It was observed that 13 teeth of the control group, 14 teeth of the CHX group, and 16 teeth of the Aloe vera group were diagnosed with healthy vital pulp after 18 months. There was no significant difference between the CHX and the control group; however, there was a significant difference between the Aloe vera and control group (p≤0.007). Aloe vera extract as a cavity disinfectant increases the success rate of selective caries removal technique of deep carious lesions.
Multimedia Image in Physical Education
Authors: Hu Xiaoyong , Peng Chenggen , Li Moutao
Published: May 2022

With the progress of society and the rapid development of science and technology in the world, the 21st century will be the multimedia era. Therefore, physical education teaching in colleges and universities should take the initiative to seize the opportunity, adapt to social needs, change traditional teaching concepts, introduce modern teaching methods into physical education teaching, enrich physical education teaching content, stimulate students’ interest in sports knowledge and sports technology learning, broaden knowledge horizons, improve teaching quality, and promote the development of physical education. The traditional teaching mode restricts the development of physical education (PE) in many aspects, and one of the important contents of modern teaching methods is to master and use modern teaching equipment and means. Therefore, it is necessary to timely change the educational thought, update the educational concept, and actively explore and research new teaching methods that are suitable for the educational concept of the times, to ensure the adaptability, scientificity, and creativity of teaching methods. Based on the above background, the research content of this paper is the application of multimedia CAI technology in PE teaching. Using the methods of document interviews, analysis and induction, and online retrieval, on the basis of reading a large number of professional theoretical books on physical education, multimedia technology, and modern teaching and reform, the application of multimedia technology in physical education teaching in colleges and universities is analyzed. The application is researched at the theoretical level. This paper takes PE college 2019 students as the simulation object. The results show that the pass rate of professional English after the experiment is 15.33% higher than that before the experiment.
CXCL14 Promotes a Robust Brain Tumor-Associated Immune Response in Glioma
Authors: Kumar Anupam , Mohamed Esraa , Tong Schuyler , Chen Katharine , Mukherjee Joydeep , Lim Yunita , Wong Cynthia M. , Boosalis Zoe , Shai Anny , Pieper Russell O. , Gupta Nalin , Perry Arie , Bollen Andrew W. , Molinaro Annette M. , Solomon David A. , Shieh Joseph T.C. , Phillips Joanna J.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment present in the majority of diffuse glioma limits therapeutic response to immunotherapy. As the determinants of the glioma-associated immune response are relatively poorly understood, the study of glioma with more robust tumor-associated immune responses may be particularly useful to identify novel immunomodulatory factors that can promote T-cell effector function in glioma.

Experimental Design:

We used multiplex immune-profiling, proteomic profiling, and gene expression analysis to define the tumor-associated immune response in two molecular subtypes of glioma and identify factors that may modulate this response. We then used patient-derived glioma cultures and an immunocompetent murine model for malignant glioma to analyze the ability of tumor-intrinsic factors to promote a CD8+ T-cell response.

Results:

As compared with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma, MAPK-activated pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) harbored increased numbers of activated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and Iba1+ microglia/macrophages, increased MHC class I expression, enrichment of genes associated with antigen presentation and processing, and increased tumor cell secretion of the chemokine CXCL14. CXCL14 promoted activated CD8+ T-cell chemotaxis in vitro, recruited tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in vivo, and prolonged overall survival in a cytotoxic T-cell–dependent manner. The immunomodulatory molecule B7-H3 was also highly expressed in PXA.

Conclusions:

We identify the MAPK-activated lower grade astrocytoma PXA as having an immune-rich tumor microenvironment and suggest this tumor may be particularly vulnerable to immunotherapeutic modulation. We also identify CXCL14 as an important determinant of the glioma-associated immune microenvironment, sufficient to promote an antitumor CD8+ T-cell response.
Bilateral Risk Assessments of Surgery and Nonsurgery Contribute to Providing Optimal Management in Early Gastric Cancers after Noncurative Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 485 Patients
Authors: Koizumi Eriko , Goto Osamu , Takizawa Kohei , Mitsunaga Yutaka , Hoteya Shu , Hatta Waku , Masamune Atsushi , Osawa Satoshi , Takeuchi Hiroya , Suzuki Sho , Omori Jun , Ikeda Go , Habu Tsugumi , Ishikawa Yumiko , Kirita Kumiko , Noda Hiroto , Higuchi Kazutoshi , Onda Takeshi , Akimoto Teppei , Akimoto Naohiko , Kaise Mitsuru , Iwakiri Katsuhiko
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims: Surgery is recommended in early gastric cancer (EGC) after noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), although observation can be an alternative. We aimed to develop a tailor-made treatment strategy for noncurative EGCs by comparing the lymph node metastasis risk (LNMR) and the surgical risk. Methods: We retrospectively identified 485 patients with differentiated-type, noncurative EGCs removed by ESD and classified them into two groups: a surgery-preferable group and an observation-preferable group, according to the clinical courses. Subsequently, LNMR and surgery-related death risk were assessed using a published scoring system and a risk calculator for gastrectomy, respectively. Finally, we investigated the optimal cutoff value of the risk difference (LNMR minus surgery-related death risk) to efficiently allocate these cases into either of two groups, surgery-preferable or observation-preferable. Results: In 485 patients (surgery in 322, observation in 163), 57 and 428 patients were classified into the surgery-preferable group and the observation-preferable group, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of the risk difference (LNMR minus surgery-related death risk) to allocate the cases to the two preferable groups was 7.85 with the highest area under the curve (0.689). When cases with >7.85 LNMR over the surgery-related death risk were allocated into the surgery-preferable group and vice versa, the discriminability was 73.2%, which was sufficiently higher than that in the clinical decision (44.5%). Conclusion: Personalized comparison of LNMR and surgery-related death risk is helpful to provide a favorable treatment option for each patient with EGCs after noncurative ESD.
The Role of Uremic Retention Solutes in the MIA Syndrome in Hemodialysis Subjects
Authors: Ciceri Paola , Artioli Luisa , Magagnoli Lorenza , Barassi Alessandra , Alvarez Jean-Claude , Massy Ziad A. , Galassi Andrea , Cozzolino Mario
Published: May 2022

Introduction: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the high morbidity and mortality risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not easily explained only on the basis of traditional factors. Among nontraditional ones involved in CKD, malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis/calcification have been described as the “MIA syndrome.” Methods: In this pilot study, we evaluated the association between the variation in serum levels of 27 uremic retention solutes plus 6 indexes related to the MIA syndrome processes in a population of dialysis patients. Results: As expected, we found a direct correlation between serum albumin and both phosphate and total cholesterol (r = 0.54 and 0.37, respectively; p < 0.05). Moreover, total cholesterol and phosphate directly correlate (r = 0.40, p < 0.05). The relationship between malnutrition and inflammation is highlighted by the correlation of serum cholesterol levels with serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and IL-6 levels (r = −0.56, r = −0.39, respectively; p < 0.05). Moreover, the relation between inflammation and atherosclerosis/calcification is supported by the correlation of IL-6 with VEGF levels and vascular smooth muscle cell high-Pi in vitro calcification (r = 0.81, r = 0.66, respectively; p < 0.01). Conclusion: We found significant correlations between several uremic retention solutes and malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis/calcification. Our findings support the hypothesis of a central role of the uremic milieu in the MIA syndrome and ultimately in the pathogenesis of CKD-specific CVD risk factors.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Digital Staining ex vivo Confocal Microscopy for Diagnosing and Subtyping Basal Cell Carcinoma in Fresh Pretherapeutic Punch Biopsies: A Monocentric Prospective Study
Authors: Bergeret Blanche , Masset Farzaneh , Bekoy Yona D. , Roger Pascal , Habib François , Ovtchinnikoff Bernadette , Meunier Laurent , Stoebner Pierre E.
Published: May 2022

Background: Ex vivo confocal microscopy using fusion mode and digital staining (EVCM) scans unfixed fresh tissue and produces rapidly digitally stained images of very similar quality to classical pathology. We investigated whether EVCM could represent an alternative to the standard histological examination of the pretherapeutic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) punch biopsies. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess diagnostic accuracy of EVCM versus traditional histopathological examination for diagnosing and subtyping clinically suspicious lesions of BCC in 3-mm fresh and nonfixed punch biopsies. Methods: In this prospective monocentric observational study, patients with clinically suspected BCC were consecutively enrolled. Punch biopsies were imaged using EVCM and subsequently processed for standard histologic examination (gold standard). EVCM images were examined by a dermatopathologist blinded to clinical aspect of the lesion and histopathological results. Concordance between the EVCM and histology analysis was calculated with Cohen’s kappa (κ) statistic. Results: Sixty-six patients were recruited, and 106 biopsies were analyzed. EVCM correctly diagnosed 70/73 BCCs and 31/33 non-BCC lesions, corresponding to a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 94% (positive predictive value = 97%, negative predictive value = 91%). The EVCM assessment led to over-staging and under-staging of BCC subtypes in 5% and 11% of cases, respectively. It led to over-staging and under-staging of BCC depths in 5% and 15%, respectively. The kappa coefficient for concordance was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–0.88) when considering BCC subtypes and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.90) when considering BCC depths. Conclusions: These results render EVCM as a promising option for “real-time” pretreatment evaluation of clinically suspected BCC lesions. Further larger randomized studies are needed to assess the efficiency of EVCM versus standard care in patients with clinically suspected BCC.
Mosaicism of a Truncating Variant of CASK Causes Congenital Heart Disease and Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Authors: Abe-Hatano Chihiro , Yokoi Takayuki , Ida Kazumi , Kurosawa Kenji
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) gene mutations cause microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH) and X-linked intellectual disability. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a rare complication reported in only 4 male patients with full loss-of-function mutations. Here, we report the first male patient with mosaicism of a truncating variant of CASK complicated by CHD. Case Presentation: The patient is a 6-year-old male with MICPCH, ventricular septal defect, and developmental delay. He achieved rolling over but can not speak meaningful words. We identified a somatic mosaic variant of CASK: c.[725=/G>A], p.(W242*) and high mosaic ratios of 90% and 84% for mutant alleles in peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts, respectively. His developmental delay was severe but milder than that of previously reported CHD patients. Discussion: Truncating CASK variants may be associated with CHD, even in a mosaic state, and even a low normal allele ratio could lengthen survivorship.
An Extracorporeal Plasma Filtration Column with Specific Binding to Dengue Virions
Authors: Thonghong Sasiwimon , Sinananpat Pat , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Srisawat Nattachai , Insin Numpon , Salakij Saran , Boonyasuppayakorn Siwaporn
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Dengue infection is a significant public health concern that no specific treatment is available. Extracorporeal plasmapheresis or plasma filtration is a treatment option for severe cases with complications. However, the commercial adsorption devices mainly contained size-exclusive porous beads to adsorb the plasma proteins nonselectively. Methods: We developed a 1:50 simulated circuit for dengue virus-specific adsorption using a flavivirus-specific (4G2) antibody entrapped into the alginate bead. Results: The reduction ratios of the viral titer after 3 h of continuous run were 63.00 ± 1.21%, and 93.97 ± 1.27% measured by reverse transcription qPCR, and plaque titration, respectively. No specific adsorption was observed with Enterovirus A71 or Escherichia coli bacteria. Conclusion: This study is a proof-of-concept for the potential use of a dengue virus-specific adsorption column in the 1:50 simulated circuit. The system could be applied to various clinical platforms by substituting target-specific antibodies.
Advances in the Pharmacological Intervention of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lu Lu , Zhu Jiajie , Zhang Haiyan , Li Xiaoping , Chen Keda
Published: May 2022

Background: Ischemic stroke, a common central nervous system disease that seriously threatens human life and health, is characterized by rapid progress and a high disability fatality rate. Ischemic tissue can produce a large amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) to promote the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Summary: As newly discovered stem cells, EPCs can promote angiogenesis in ischemic tissue, repair the damaged vascular endothelium, and maintain vascular homeostasis. Thus, EPCs have become a new research hotspot in this field. This review focuses on the mechanism of EPCs and the intervention of various novel drugs, including small molecules and biomolecules, which will promote the capture, proliferation, and differentiation of EPCs. Then, we explore the promotion of vascular health and the prospect of its application in the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). Key Message: It is clinically significant to study the potential of new drug therapy to target EPCs. More effective cytokines, signal pathways, and other drugs should be explored in the future and their specific mechanisms determined. Research should reveal more biological functions of EPCs and achieve their efficient amplification to improve therapy against CIS stroke.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy with a Port System Proposed by the Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology and Japanese Society of Implantable Port Assisted Treatment
Authors: Ueshima Kazuomi , Komemushi Atsushi , Aramaki Takeshi , Iwamoto Hideki , Obi Shuntaro , Sato Yozo , Tanaka Toshihiro , Matsueda Kiyoshi , Moriguchi Michihisa , Saito Hiroya , Sone Miyuki , Yamagami Takuji , Inaba Yoshitaka , Kudo Masatoshi , Arai Yasuaki
Published: May 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death both in Japan and globally. In the advanced stage, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is one of the most commonly used treatment options for liver cancer in Japan, and implantation of a catheter system (called a port system) in the body is a treatment method that has evolved mainly in Japan. The Guideline Committee of the Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology and the Japanese Society of Implantable Port Assisted Treatment jointly published clinical practice guidelines for HAIC with a port system to ensure its appropriate and safe performance in Japanese in 2018. We have written an updated English version of the guidelines with the aim of making this treatment widely known to experts globally. In this article, the evidence, method, indication, treatment regimen, and maintenance of the system are summarized.
Argumentos favoráveis e contrários à pintura: algumas anotações
Authors: Wall Jeff , Nones Leonardo
Published: May 2022

O texto discute as variadas compreensões sobre a pertinência ou impropriedade da pintura enquanto forma de arte canônica em face das experiências sociais e políticas da modernidade. Partindo de sua notória atribuição enquanto modelo de atividade autônoma entre sujeito e mundo no bojo da cultura iluminista, a análise colige as propostas artísticas das correntes intituladas “boêmio-duchampiana” e “construtivista-soviética”, que redundarão na concomitância e, por vezes, rivalidade entre a pintura e novas formas de arte. Por fim, o trabalho sinaliza o pregnante residual histórico de tal debate ao assimilar os caminhos da produção artística atual.
Perspectives on Cognitive Phenotypes and Models of Vascular Disease
Authors: Muratoglu Selen C. , Charette Marc F. , Galis Zorina S. , Greenstein Adam S. , Daugherty Alan , Joutel Anne , Kozel Beth A. , Wilcock Donna M. , Collins Emily C. , Sorond Farzaneh A. , Howell Gareth R. , Hyacinth Hyacinth I. , Lloyd Kent K.C. , Stenmark Kurt R. , Boehm Manfred , Kahn Mark L. , Corriveau Roderick , Wells Sara , Bussey Timothy J. , Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J. , Iruela-Arispe M. Luisa
Published: May 2022

Clinical investigations have established that vascular-associated medical conditions are significant risk factors for various kinds of dementia. And yet, we are unable to associate certain types of vascular deficiencies with specific cognitive impairments. The reasons for this are many, not the least of which are that most vascular disorders are multi-factorial and the development of vascular dementia in humans is often a multi-year or multi-decade progression. To better study vascular disease and its underlying causes, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health has invested considerable resources in the development of animal models that recapitulate various aspects of human vascular disease. Many of these models, mainly in the mouse, are based on genetic mutations, frequently using single-gene mutations to examine the role of specific proteins in vascular function. These models could serve as useful tools for understanding the association of specific vascular signaling pathways with specific neurological and cognitive impairments related to dementia. To advance the state of the vascular dementia field and improve the information sharing between the vascular biology and neurobehavioral research communities, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop to bring in scientists from these knowledge domains to discuss the potential utility of establishing a comprehensive phenotypic cognitive assessment of a selected set of existing mouse models, representative of the spectrum of vascular disorders, with particular attention focused on age, sex, and rigor and reproducibility. The workshop highlighted the potential of associating well-characterized vascular disease models, with validated cognitive outcomes, that can be used to link specific vascular signaling pathways with specific cognitive and neurobehavioral deficits.
The Flores-101 Evaluation Benchmark for Low-Resource and Multilingual Machine Translation
Authors: Goyal Naman , Gao Cynthia , Chaudhary Vishrav , Chen Peng-Jen , Wenzek Guillaume , Ju Da , Krishnan Sanjana , Ranzato Marc’Aurelio , Guzmán Francisco , Fan Angela
Published: May 2022

One of the biggest challenges hindering progress in low-resource and multilingual machine translation is the lack of good evaluation benchmarks. Current evaluation benchmarks either lack good coverage of low-resource languages, consider only restricted domains, or are low quality because they are constructed using semi-automatic procedures. In this work, we introduce the Flores-101 evaluation benchmark, consisting of 3001 sentences extracted from English Wikipedia and covering a variety of different topics and domains. These sentences have been translated in 101 languages by professional translators through a carefully controlled process. The resulting dataset enables better assessment of model quality on the long tail of low-resource languages, including the evaluation of many-to-many multilingual translation systems, as all translations are fully aligned. By publicly releasing such a high-quality and high-coverage dataset, we hope to foster progress in the machine translation community and beyond.
Erysiphe pakistanica (Erysiphaceae), a new species on Indian willows (Salix tetrasperma) from Pakistan
Authors: AFSHAN NAJAM-UL-SEHAR , RIAZ MARIA , LIAQAT NIDA , MAJEED JAVERIA , JABEEN MUHAMMADA , NIAZI ABDUL REHMAN , KHALID ABDUL NASIR , ZAFAR IRSA , AFZAL SALIHA
Published: May 2022

A new powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe pakistanica (Erysiphaceae) infecting Indian willows is described from north-western areas of Pakistan. Identification is based upon morpho-anatomical features and molecular analysis. This species is characterized by having nipple-shaped appressoria, small chasmothecia and ascospores. Phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA of ITS and LSU regions of E. pakistanica supports its novel identity within the genus Erysiphe (Sect. Uncinula). A comprehensive description along with photographs and phylograms to show its exact position and a comparison with closely related taxa is provided.
External egg morphology of two parthenogenetic species of the genus Dahlica Enderlein (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)
Authors: LOVTSOVA JULIA A. , KOCHIEV MIKHAIL V. , KOLESNICHENKO KIRILL A.
Published: May 2022

The egg chorion morphologies of Dahlica triquetrella (Hübner, 1813) and Dahlica lichenella (Linnaeus, 1761) are described. These two species well differ from each other by diameter of the micropyle, by number of micropyle pores, and by diameter of the micropyle rosette.
When Science Becomes Embroiled in Conflict: Recognizing the Public’s Need for Debate while Combating Conspiracies and Misinformation
Authors: Lewandowsky Stephan , Armaos Konstantinos , Bruns Hendrik , Schmid Philipp , Holford Dawn Liu , Hahn Ulrike , Al-Rawi Ahmed , Sah Sunita , Cook John
Published: May 2022

We explore the common attributes of political conflicts in which scientific findings have a central role, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, but also drawing on long-standing conflicts over climate change and vaccinations. We analyze situations in which the systematic spread of disinformation or conspiracy theories undermines public trust in the work of scientists and prevents policy from being informed by the best available evidence. We also examine instances in which public opposition to scientifically grounded policy arises from legitimate value judgments and lived experience. We argue for the public benefit of quick identification of politically motivated science denial, and inoculation of the public against its ill effects.
The “Infodemic” Infodemic: Toward a More Nuanced Understanding of Truth-Claims and the Need for (Not) Combatting Misinformation
Authors: Krause Nicole M. , Freiling Isabelle , Scheufele Dietram A.
Published: May 2022

Scholarship on (mis)information does not easily translate into recommendations for policy-makers and policy influencers who wish to judge the accuracy of science-related truth claims. This is partly due to much of this literature being based on lab experiments with captive audiences that tell us little about the durability or scalability of any potential intervention in the real world. More importantly, the “accuracy” of scientific truth claims is much more difficult to define than many scholars in this space acknowledge. Uncertainties associated with the nature of science, sociopolitical climates, and media systems introduce compounding error in assessments of claim accuracy. We, therefore, need a more nuanced understanding of misinformation and disinformation than those often present in discussions of the “infodemic.” Here, we propose a new framework for evaluating science-related truth claims and apply it to real-world examples. We conclude by discussing implications for research and action on (mis)information, given that distinguishing between true and false claims is not as easy as it is sometimes purported to be.
Nudging Social Media toward Accuracy
Authors: Pennycook Gordon , Rand David G.
Published: May 2022

A meaningful portion of online misinformation sharing is likely attributable to Internet users failing to consider accuracy when deciding what to share. As a result, simply redirecting attention to the concept of accuracy can increase sharing discernment. Here we discuss the importance of accuracy and describe a limited-attention utility model that is based on a theory about inattention to accuracy on social media. We review research that shows how a simple nudge or prompt that shifts attention to accuracy increases the quality of news that people share (typically by decreasing the sharing of false content), and then discuss outstanding questions relating to accuracy nudges, including the need for more work relating to persistence and habituation as well as the dearth of cross-cultural research on these topics. We also make several recommendations for policy-makers and social media companies for how to implement accuracy nudges.
Is Citizen Science a Remedy for Inequality?
Authors: Lewenstein Bruce V.
Published: May 2022

Is public engagement with science an effective response to threats against science? One form of public engagement—citizen science—might be especially useful for addressing issues of inequality that threaten public support for science. Citizen science is both public participation in the scientific process and public participation in the governance of science. In principle, citizen science empowers marginalized communities to participate in the scientific process, using the authority of science to challenge government, industry, or other institutions that exploit imbalances of social power. In practice, however, citizen science can also be used to redirect attention away from actions that address inequalities and to reinforce modes of knowledge production that exclude alternative ways of knowing relevant to those without social power. Thus, rhetoric about citizen science as a solution to threats against science needs to be tempered with attention to specific contexts and opportunities.
Threats to Science: Politicization, Misinformation, and Inequalities
Authors: Druckman James N.
Published: May 2022

Science is often considered the best available route to knowledge and, thus, essential for societal progress. Yet contemporary science faces several challenges. These challenges include politicization, misinformation, and inequalities. I outline each of these threats, detailing the ways in which they can undermine the optimal production and application of science. I provide an overview of various research agendas on each, as covered in this volume. Without minimizing the seriousness posed by each threat, I also suggest that existing work provides reason for hope that the scientific enterprise can address these challenges and continue to improve societal well-being.
Waking from Paralysis: Revitalizing Conceptions of Climate Knowledge and Justice for More Effective Climate Action
Authors: Marion Suiseeya Kimberly R. , O’connell Margaret G. , Leoso Edith , Defoe Marvin Shingwe Biness Neme , Anderson Alexandra , Bang Megan , Beckman Pete , Boyer Anne-Marie , Dunn Jennifer , Gilbert Jonathan , Hester Josiah , Horton Daniel E. , Jennings Dylan Bizhikiins , Kebec Philomena , Loeb Nancy C. , Loew Patricia , Miller William M. , Moffitt Katie , Packman Aaron I. , Waasegiizhig Price Michael , Redbird Beth , Rogers Jennie , Sankaran Rajesh , Schwoch James , Silas Pamala , Twardowski Weston , Zerega Nyree
Published: May 2022

Despite decades of climate science research, existing climate actions have had limited impacts on mitigating climate change. Efforts to reduce emissions, for example, have yet to spur sufficient action to reduce the most severe effects of climate change. We draw from our experiences as Ojibwe knowledge holders and community members, scientists, and scholars to demonstrate how the lack of recognition of traditional knowledges (TK) within climate science constrains effective climate action and exacerbates climate injustice. Often unrecognized in science and policy arenas, TK generates insights into how justice-driven climate action, rooted in relational interdependencies between humans and older-than-human relatives, can provide new avenues for effectively addressing climate change. We conclude by arguing for a shift toward meaningful and respectful inclusion of plural knowledge systems in climate governance.
Double Jeopardy Injuries: Improved Clinical Outcomes With FAST Imaging and Subxiphoid Pericardial Window for Combined Cardiac and Abdominal Stab Wounds
Authors: Kong Victor , Ko Jonathan , Lee Bogo , Leow Priscilla , Manchev Vasil , Bruce John , Laing Grant , Clarke Damian
Published: May 2022

Background

This study reviews our experience with combined cardiac and abdominal stab wounds over 12 years and reviews how changes in technology and clinical approaches have impacted our management of these patients.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2008 to January 2020 at a major trauma centre in South Africa. All patients with concurrent SWs to the chest and the abdomen and required both a thoracotomy for cardiac injury and a laparotomy for an intra-abdominal injury at the same setting were included.

Results

Twenty-two cases were identified (100% male, mean age: 27 years). Mean values of admission physiology: systolic blood pressure (SBP): 85 mmHg, pH: 7.2, base excess: −10.2 mmol/L and serum lactate 6.7 mmol/L. Thirty-two percent (7/22) of cases underwent a Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) scan (5 positive and 2 negative). All 7 cases had intraoperatively confirmed cardiac injuries. The thoracotomy first approach was used in 18 cases (82%), and the laparotomy first approach was used in the remaining 4 cases (18%). Nineteen (86%) of the 22 laparotomies were positive. A total of 6 patients (27%) experienced one or more complications. The mean length of hospital stay was 9 days. The overall mortality was 18% (4/22) and all mortality occurred prior to 2013.

Discussion

Double jeopardy is still associated with an increased risk of mortality. The use of FAST and Subxiphoid Pericardial Windows (SPWs) have reduced clinical uncertainty, decreasing the need for concomitant thoracotomy and laparotomy to be performed.
Analysis of Oncological Outcomes After Robotic Liver Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Shapera Emanuel A. , Ross Sharona , Syblis Cameron , Crespo Kaitlyn , Rosemurgy Alexander , Sucandy Iswanto
Published: May 2022

Background

Concerns regarding minimally invasive liver resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) include inadequate resection margins and inferior long-term overall survival (OS) when compared to an “open” approach. Limited data exists to address these issues. We aimed to compare perioperative variables, tumor distance to margin, and long-term outcomes after IHCC resection based on surgical approach (robotic vs open) in our hepatobiliary center to address these concerns.

Methods

With IRB approval, 34 patients who underwent robotic or open hepatectomy for IHCC were prospectively followed. Patients were stratified by tumor distance to resection margin (≤1 mm, 1.1-9.9 mm, ≥10 mm) for illustrative purposes and by approach (robotic vs open). Where appropriate, regression analysis and cox model of proportional hazards were utilized. Survival was stratified by margin distance and approach utilizing Kaplan-Meier curves. Data are presented as median (mean ± SD).

Results

Patients undergoing robotic vs open hepatectomy had similar demographics. Patients undergoing the robotic approach had significantly lower estimated blood loss (EBL). Tumor distance to margin between the two approaches were similar ( P = .428). Median OS between the two approaches was similar in patients of any margin distance. In the subgroup analysis by margin distance, the robotic approach yielded less EBL for patients in the 1.1-9.9 mm and ≥10 mm margin groups, and a shorter ICU length of stay for patients with ≥10 mm margin.

Discussion

Similar margins were attained via either approach, translating into oncological non-inferiority of robotic IHCC resection. Robotic approach for the treatment of IHCC should be considered an alternative to an open approach.
Prognostic Value of Different Versions of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: He Hao-ming , He Chen , You Zhe-bin , Zhang Si-cheng , Lin Xue-qin , Luo Man-qing , Lin Mao-qing , Zhang Li-wei , Lin Kai-yang , Guo Yan-song
Published: May 2022

The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, which can reflect liver and renal function, is associated with poor prognosis. However, the prognostic performance of the modified MELD score in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been fully evaluated and compared. This study retrospectively enrolled 5324 patients. During a median follow-up of 2.85 years, 412 patients died. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves at 3 years indicated that the MELD including albumin (MELD-Albumin) score had the highest prognostic performance (AUC = .721) than the MELD score (AUC = .630), the MELD excluding the international normalized ratio (MELD-XI) score (AUC = .606), and the MELD including sodium (MELD-Na) score (AUC = .656) (all P < .001). The MELD-Albumin score, the MELD score, and the MELD-Na score were independent predictors of long-term mortality; however, the MELD-XI score was not when treated as a categorical variable ( P = .254). Adding the MELD-Albumin score to the model of clinical risk factors could improve the prognostic performance. For the subgroup analysis, the association between the MELD-Albumin score and long-term mortality was more pronounced in patients ≤75 years (interaction P value = .005). The MELD-Albumin score showed the strongest prognostic performance than the other versions of the MELD score in patients undergoing elective PCI.
Book review: Sushila Narsimhan, ed., India-Japan Narratives: Lesser Known Historical and Cultural Interactions
Authors: Seth Aftab
Published: May 2022

Sushila Narsimhan, ed., India-Japan Narratives: Lesser Known Historical and Cultural Interactions (New Delhi: Mombusho Scholars’ Association of India, 2021), pp. 367, Hardbound: ₹2500 Paperback: ₹2300, ISBN: 978-8195255603.