bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HOW TO DEVELOP WORK HABITS IN KINDERGARTEN?
Authors: Sabo Helena maria
Published: February 2023

The entrance of Child in school is a crucial moment in his life, given to the "status" and "role" of pupil, the nature of relationships with adults and colleagues, the novelty of activity conditions and especially the specific of learning - a very complex act. Although the specific features that define the specific profile of the pupil cannot be formed as such in terms of life and work of preschoolers, some incentives of these features can and should be formed in kindergarten because they constitute a condition to adapt to school life and start learning systematic as a core activity.
Obviously, that even "scholar intelligence" of what depends largely the success in learning and which in Piaget's concept designates the dynamic balance between assimilation and accommodation requirements at this school (expressing the degree of adaptation to the school activity type of the pupil ) cannot be structured as such before the child enters first grade. Intellectual preparation process begins with the accumulation of knowledge, a process that still maintains, but is related to the formation of moral, social child's personality. Rightfully it is estimated that acquiring knowledge is one of the most important ways of adapting the child in our society.
The main goals targeted in the experiment were the formation and improvement of the intellectual skills through knowledge transfer, under the influence of exercise and positive strengthening by determining the effectiveness, advantages, limitations on training, strengthening and perfecting intellectual skills at preschoolers.
The research objectives focused on the strategy of pedagogical research linked to specific purposes, namely to objectives operational formulated.
The sample of subjects is represented by 26 preschoolers from the big group at School of Poiana Codrea, Satu Mare County. The scope of the organized activities with preschoolers was not to teach certain concepts systematically, but to practice their knowledge processes of forming their intellectual skills. After the experiment was applied it was observed that the intellectual skills cannot be left to the informal-accidental procurement level, their training should be an earlier concern, systematic and phased of the teacher, from kindergarten to university.
ICT IN EARLY EDUCATION: REASONS FOR INSUFFICIENT APPLICATION
Authors: Stanisavljevic petrovic Zorica , Pavlovic Dragana , Soleradillon Joan
Published: February 2023

The issues related to the potential of ICT tools in the education of young children are addressed by a significant number of authors. Consequently, the importance of the implementation of the modern ICT tools in educational work is pointed out because of its extensive impact on child development.
The reasons for insufficient use of the ICT tools in kindergartens are analysed, indicating that their application is conditioned by a large number and variety of factors that may be general, conditioned by the social context and the degree of the computerization in a particular social context, or factors of a personal nature - which are determined by the attitudes and competences of teachers.
The methodological part is dedicated to the interpretation of the results of the empirical research that is aimed at examining the attitudes of teachers in regard to the reasons for poor implementation of ICT tools in the educational work with young children. The main instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire that was specifically designed for the research purposes. The survey was conducted on a sample of teachers employed in preschool institutions in Serbia. Hypotheses are: (1) that educators believe that the potential of ICT tools are underutilized, especially in working with children; (2) that their views on the application of ICT tools are conditioned by dependent variables: education and years of service. Research results confirmed the hypotheses and pointed to a positive correlation between the studied variables. Specifically, it was found that there is a statistically significant difference in the attitudes of teachers about the reasons for poor implementation of ICT tools in kindergartens in relation to the qualifications and seniority.
In conclusion, the research points to the need for systemic changes which would imply better ICT equipment in kindergartens, as well as the necessity of professional training programs for competence development of teachers in the field of new technologies application.
WHO WILL BE THE BEST TEACHER? GENDER GENDER-RELATED ISSUES IN TRADITIONAL AND VIRTUAL TEACHING
Authors: Tutuianu Diana
Published: February 2023

Everything is changing around us: circumstances, global environment, people. From the top of the mountain to the bottom of the sea, everything seems to be working right now with the aid of computers. Moreover, everything seems to be happening in a virtual world that can only be described and understood through acronyms and terms whose meaning is hard to grasp by the less ,,IT-literate" people. In the education sphere, starting from the early pre-school education up to higher education, PhD and post-graduate studies, as well as life-long learning, the advancing technological trend seems to have completely changed the ,,face" of the teaching process as compared to what we experienced as pupils and students (and by ,,we", we mean women in their forties' or fifties' working as language teachers in a predominantly adult male environment). The roles of the teacher seem to have evolved from the traditional models so as to cater for the students' newly reconfigured needs. On-line language learning seems to have shifted the balance creating, or at least suggesting, a different inventory of ,,hats" that the teacher has to put on in order to acquire and use the necessary' skills in the virtual classroom. Quite a lot of research has been conducted in recent years with respect to the changing role of the language teacher, even leading up to the question whether we need language teachers (and especially English teachers) at all, now that there is a practically inexhaustible reservoir of lessons, activities, projects and tests on the internet. On the other hand, research has also shown that in the traditional classroom gender seems to still play a part even if we have gone well over the threshold of the 21st century. People seem to still have at some level a notion of what a good teacher is like and, in many cases, reference seems to be made to gender issues too. Thus, the present paper is meant to cover significant aspects of the language teacher's role in face-to-face courses and the way in which this role changes in on-line courses, as seen from a gender studies perspective.
NEW LEARNING ENVIRONMENT MODEL FOR THEORETICAL LECTURES
Authors: Valic nedeljkovic Dubravka , Bala Karlo , Geler Zoltan
Published: February 2023

According to many studies the generations of students who are digital natives have different requirements in regard of theoretical lectures in comparison with the generations of non digital natives. At universities in Serbia, theoretical instruction is still conducted in the traditional way, and the Bologna system is applied only selectively. Awarding student participation in theoretical lectures as a part of pre-exam assessment is formal and without clear criteria, which degrades theoretical lectures as they are reduced to the level of awarding attendance and not of awarding active participation in class.

The goals of this pilot study are: a) to find answers to the question of how to make students who are digital natives active during theoretical lectures at the university, for the purpose of recognizing more clearly the quality of their participation in class; b) to include the information thus obtained into the decision-making process which provides a more just verdict on their final grade (learning performance of students) and to increase the use of information technology in delivering lectures at universities in the domain of humanities and social sciences.

The research examined the effectiveness of arousing students' attention during theoretical lectures in Computer Literacy (Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, Serbia) by using random testing of students' knowledge. Two groups of students were subject to two different approaches to teaching: the traditional approach and the computer-oriented one. The first group of the students attended their lectures in a traditional classroom where students were randomly tested by means of paper-based tests. The other group of students attended their lectures in a modified computer lab in which students were randomly tested by means of a special piece of software. At the end of the course students' attitudes about the traditional and the computer-oriented approach were collected by means of a questionnaire.

The preliminary results seem to suggest that students on the whole are not particularly interested to actively participate in classes, but they are interested in collecting pre-exam points based on them attending theoretical lectures. The majority of surveyed students think that the proposed model of active attention excitation will contribute to better acquisition of learning materials and to better performance in exams.

There are indications that students prefer a teaching model in which they can clearly perceive practical benefits for them. It can be concluded that the proposed computer-oriented approach of conducting theoretical lectures and using random testing is more in line with the requirements and needs of the student generations who are digital natives.
LEARNING QUALITY ASSURANCE OF SCHOOLS` COLLABORATIVE ONLINE PROJECTS
Authors: Velea Simona
Published: February 2023

The use of ICT for school education and transnational school partnerships continuously increased, supported by large-scale programs such as the European Commission Program for Education, Training and Youth - Erasmus+, through its eTwinning component. The eTwinning action is dedicated to educational cooperation and promotes school collaboration in Europe through the use of ICT by providing support, tools and services to make it easy for schools and teachers to form short or long term partnerships in any subject area. The number of teachers involved in ICT-based school projects increased year by year and so the number of projects and students involved in (over 17500 Romanian teachers are now involved in the eTwinning Action and more than 5800 project were developed, while at European level, there are around 340000 teachers and 100000 partnerships since the launching of the Action). But is the quality increasing in the same rhythm? And how can quality be supported in such way to avoid its transformation into a heavy, stressing and consuming exercise? How prepared and how willing are teachers to look for quality? How training can empower them to internalize the quality assurance tools and process and routinely use them? This article explores the development of the eTwinning Action in Romania, with a view on the quality assurance needs and mechanisms, on the pedagogical support provided to teachers and school principals. The current state of quality assurance tools and practices is based on qualitative analysis of implemented projects and their self-assessment reports, combined with the external assessment done by the National Support Service. The article also advocates for responsible and adequate use of ICT in education, focused on relevant, creative and collaborative projects, with added value in terms of innovation of educational practices and making learning more attractive.
E-LEARNING SYSTEMS FOR THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM MANAGERS
Authors: Chiru Claudiu , Parvu Iulia
Published: February 2023

Lifelong learning, a phenomenon that characterizes the knowledge economy, is an opportunity to develop the partnerships university - labor market. The advantages of such a collaboration are obvious and mutual. On the one hand, the universities have the chance to access new sources of funding and to adapt curricula to labor market needs, on the other hand the business has the chance to benefit from the trained human resources in accordance with the new concepts, theories and technologies. In order to win the competition on the adult education market it needs to organize and carry out educational activities tailored to the employees and employers' expectations. In this context, the use of e-learning systems can be a solution to overcome the specific difficulties of such an educational process. The present paper describes how it can be designed an e-learning system for the professional development of the hotel managers so as to ensure: development of relevant skills in a relatively short time, flexibility in the organization of educational process, modular curricula, the development of the solid mentoring / tutoring relationships in terms of an educational process remotely conducted. The training system proposed in this paper is a part of the POSDRU project "Simulated Enterprise: A link between school and the labour market". The components of our training system simulate the activity of a hotel in different sectors (management, acoounting, human resources management, marketing), having a training component, as well. Also there is a simulated economic environment made of other enterprises that interact with our system. We want to reveal the educational component of the system, underlining the need for skills development unlike the creation of working automatisms.
MOOC - THE REVOLUTION IN EDUCATION
Authors: Condruzbacescu Monica
Published: February 2023

The paper focuses on MOOC (massive open online courses) that are considered to be a revolution in education. These courses currently enjoy great popularity, universities that joined this concept declare million of students enrolled. Following the initiative of the European Union, MOOC have grown rapidly, today offering access to courses to those interested in some of the largest universities in the world, created by top researchers and industry experts from all fields. Initially, these courses were served to deepen students' knowledge and were used in the tutoring system. MOOC have become an alternative to paid courses for many categories of people: students, pupils, parents, teachers, counselors, tutors, adults, pensioners, the unemployed. The paper also deals with the advantages and disadvantages of MOOC. The next part of the paper presents the three platforms that offer such courses: Coursera, Edx, Udacity. MOOC courses are generally offered by top universities and their content reaches high standards. Not everybody is allowed to launch MOOC on the recognized platforms, there are certain guarantees of quality. Coursera provides universal access to the world's best education, partnering with top universities and organizations to offer courses online. Edx offers high-quality education to everyone, regardless of their location, social status or income. Edx courses are a great way to learn new skills, foster a love of lifelong learning and get an insider's look into celebrated universities. Udacity offers nanodegree programs and credentials, designed so that professionals become web developers, data analysts, mobile developers.
For the moment MOOC courses are at the beginning worldwide. In time, new business models will develop which means that we will see increasingly more courses that will provide formal university training. This effect of liberalization and openness of education will represent the revolution in education of this decade. Faced with these new challenges, schools, colleges and universities will have to rethink their strategies and remain competitive.
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE
Authors: Epurescu Elena oliviana
Published: February 2023

Getting used to the new technologies influences the intellectual forming in the following directions, like this:
- Stimulating the interest towards the new - when a computer is operated, the interest and involvement is uninterrupted. The almost complete openness that computers offer eliminates the risk that the activity to become a routine.
- Stimulating the imagination - usually, the contact with the computer world it is realized through games. The variety of the subjects approached by those stimulates the imagination of the players, all the more that this software is specially designed to develop one's fantasy, inventiveness, decision making skills and reflexes.
- Developing logical thinking - The thinking wins in depth and speed. Knowing what to ask from the computer imposes a higher structuring of the thinking.
- On the screen phenomena and processes can be simulated, especially the experiments that are hard to be replicated in real life.
- The performance can be optimized by presenting on the computer a large variety of examples or associated models of a sequence. This leads to stimulating inventiveness, applicability, participation and anticipation of the one that learns.
- The training of the young generation will be done in the spirit of self education.
- Learning happens on a personal rhythm, without emotions or perturbations of the behaviors determined by the environmental factors.
- The results and progresses made have an objective appreciation.
The proposed objectives are referring to: identifying the opportunities in the market; creating an offer of products - educational software - according to the needs and requirements of the consumers; identifying the best resources of financing for activity development; using the balance sheet for informing, analyzing and forecasting the activities through calculating the main economical and financial indicators;
At these, we add: communication, dedicated software use and applying the proper techniques skills.
EXPERIMENTAL ONLINE SOLUTIONS FOR TEACHING TRADITIONAL CRAFTS
Authors: Gheorghiu Dragos , Stefan Livia
Published: February 2023

The current practice in the current vocational education is based on the face-to-face teaching paradigm and on student's experimentation under teacher's direct coordination. In particular the traditional model for learning traditional crafts is by means of an aprenticeship, i.e. a long-term physical practice coordinated by an expert.
The authors propose a model for teaching traditional crafts (glass, metal, ceramics and textiles) in experimental online learning solutions to replace the face-to-face teaching and learning.
The production of the instructional material was a creative process and addressed the learning process from two perspectives, under the form of video lessons:
1) An etic perspective, i.e. the video shooting outside the human-subject (the performer). The advantage is that the in process cha?ne-op?ratoire can be observed.
2) An emic perspective, i.e. the video shooting "through performer's eyes" (using a GoPro camera). The advantage is that the working style of an expert can be observed.
The project (Time Maps) website currently presents in parallel the both perspectives.
Regarding the instructional design we propose an immersive system of gesture encoding in which the apprentice can mix the two perspectives, or can transfer in each of the two roles. The user can access the gesture data organized either as video or images.
In the second part of the study two kinds of results from user surveys conducted in rural schools are presented: a) an evaluation of user satisfaction regarding the implementation of the gesture encoding database as a good practice in vocational e-learning; b) an evaluation of the efficacy of the experimental methods in specific competence acquisition for practicing traditional crafts, compared with the traditional model of vocational teaching.
The final part of the paper presents the conclusions regarding the outcome of the research.
USING HANDHELD GPS RECEIVERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors: Gubo Stefan
Published: February 2023

The Global Positioning System (GPS), as the first fully operational global navigation satellite system, is one of the modern technologies which have been expanding in our everyday life. This system continuously provides accurate three-dimensional position (often indicated in terms of latitude, longitude and altitude) and time data to a user located on the surface of the Earth or in the air. Currently, there are millions of users of GPS receivers worldwide. Not only can these units be used for military, scientific, industrial, agricultural purposes or during outdoor free-time activities, but also in teaching certain subjects from upper primary school level to university level. Using GPS receivers and GPS-based activities gives teachers opportunities to transform their classrooms from teacher-centered environments to environments that focus on student engagement in the learning process.
The main purpose of this paper is to outline the possibilities of using handheld GPS receivers in teaching mathematics at primary school level. We introduce and discuss the results of an activity conducted in primary schools in Slovakia and Hungary. The activity included a theoretical as well as a practical part, and the participants were 7th grade (12-13 year old) students. During this activity, the students have learned how to use the handheld GPS receiver, and then solved measuring tasks around the school. Data were gathered by means of observation, analysis of students' tracks, a survey and interviews with students. The results show highly motivated students, who enjoyed participating in the activity. Students indicated they learned how to determine their position, the distance between two locations and the area of polygonal plot of land using a handheld GPS receiver.
TEST OF ECONOMIC LITERACY - IMPORTANT OPEN RESOURCE FOR ONLINE ECONOMIC EDUCATION AND RESEARCH.
Authors: Lacatus Maria liana , Staiculescu Camelia
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the importance of electronic instruments in research on economic literacy and how economic education websites are functioning in order to make people aware about the need for economic education. Two important instruments are presented: the test of economic literacy (TEL) and economic barometer (EB) posted on some frequently accessed economic education websites, such as http://www.councilforeconed.org/ or http://www.fte.org/ developed by organizations with particular interest in economic education field: Council for Economic Education (CEE) and Foundation for Teaching Economics (FTE). These instruments are also accessible at www.cree.ro and were used to measure the level of economic literacy in Romania and to briefly inform people about economic growth. In addition, the paper presents other instruments accessible on the websites of many banks in Romania such as http://www.educatiefinanciara.info/ website developed by Romanian Association of Banks to test financial knowledge of population and to provide relevant information in financial domain. Banks' interest is mainly oriented to savings and credits, payments and mobile banking. All the electronic instruments used are relevant for a massive impact and open online education. The second part of the paper is focused on the results of an economic literacy survey based on TEL conducted online. The Romanian version of TEL is accessible at www.cree.ro and is an open resource. It can be self-administrated by anyone interested in getting information about his or hers level of understanding economics and applying economic knowledge in the real life. Persons who complete the test receive an instant feed-back and become aware of the main economic issues they need to understand deeper. The final part of the paper is a conclusive one and emphasizes the need to increase the level of economic literacy and to repeat annually the economic literacy survey.
E-LEARNING - CONTRIBUTIONS FOR ONE PROMPT AND MORE PERSONALIZED TUTORING
Authors: Pereira da silva Armando , Peres Paula , Jesus Angelo , Oliveira Lino
Published: February 2023

This article describes an experience teaching and tutoring online course "Project courses and / b-Learning" and was aimed at two main moments.
At first moment we analysed and characterized the mentoring model formed by four tutors, reflecting on the advantages that this model provided in particular in relation to this aspect by which our model differs from traditional mentoring model made by a single tutor.
In the second phase, we try to detect and analyse what were the days of the week that students have accessed the course in general and each of the specific modules, find answers to questions such as the duration of the modules, gender, day of the week to start the sessions / classes because they are important dimensions of distance education planning
We seek to find patterns of behaviour trainees through the analysis of these records, which will allow us to move forward with a legislative proposal enhancer for more effective mentoring, faster and more personalized. The conclusions that this study allowed us to reach, given the sample used, (consisting of 31559 entries generated by 128 teachers of our polytechnic institute), show the following behavioural evidence: The highest number of total accesses to the course it was on Monday and Wednesday and the lowest number of accesses it was Sunday. The highest average accesses to the course it was on Monday and Wednesday and on Sunday it was the lowest number of accesses to the course.
As contribution this study allows us to make the following proposal: The Mondays and Wednesdays are the most favourable days for successful tutoring and Sundays are unfavourable to schedule tutoring - discourage schedules tutorials.
CURRENT APPROACHES IN E-TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Stefan Andra sybil , Tutuianu Diana
Published: February 2023

Science and technology have started to advance at an incredible pace already, the political, social, and economic environment is to be found in a perpetual state of transformation, therefore the usual life of the ,,usual" people has to adapt, too. After graduating school, more often than not, we no longer have the physical time to go to school, but still we need to learn. Life-long learning is the key to success in our era. This is one of the main reasons why e-learning has been gaining so much ground lately imposing a different perspective on teaching means. Together with the means, the teaching methods are changed too and teachers, before being able to pass on their knowledge, they must assume the students' roles themselves. The goal of this paper is to approach the concept of e-learning for foreign languages from various angles: that of the course organizer, that of the course ,,final" beneficiary (the company or organization sending an employee to be trained thus) who, willy-nilly, gives me as a teacher the course purpose and direction. The second beneficiary is taken into account afterwards, the ,,direct" beneficiary, that who takes part in the course. In this respect we will refer to different teaching methods, making the difference between the approaches used in the organization of a traditional language course - according to the level - and the approaches used in organizing an on-line course, underlining the most significant aspects that must not be overlooked in order to obtain the best results. Although we support the importance of e-learning in foreign language training nowadays, we intend to also reveal some drawbacks of this system, with the sole intention of showing that, if correctly identified and analyzed, each drawback can be ,,corrected". The third point in our agenda will be that of the technical means used in language e-learning which are relevant for the teaching process and are considered to have emerged as such together with Web 2.0. Finally, we will mention some of the possibilities of implementing this system of teaching/learning by anyone, no matter where they are.
IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATION PROCESS: ORGANIZATIONAL, MOETHODOLOGICAL, HUMAN RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT ISSUES
Authors: Ananchenkova Polina , Ponomareva Elena
Published: February 2023

Russian higher vocational education system is currently undergoing a reform, with joining the Bologna process, implementing dual-level education system (Bachelor's degree, Master's degree), moving to new federal state education standards, implementing a competency-based approach - all these institutional transformations shape the reforms and content of education process in higher learning institutions.
Classical form of education, with in-class learning (lectures and seminars), independent work, tests and exams, is becoming less efficient in terms of building professional knowledge and skills. On the one hand, the new educational standards need implementation of variative forms and methods of training into the education process. On the other hand, students demand flexible forms of education, which allow combining education and work effectively.
In light of this, Russian Universities are considering distance learning as an instrument in improving the efficiency of the training process and are actively implementing e-learning technologies. However, this process is related to a number of challenges:
1. Organizational support. Due to heavy administrative restrictions imposed on the University management, implementation of distance learning technologies requires certain a sequence of administrative decisions (at the level of chair, deanery, learning and teaching unit, academic council, rectorate), compliant with the requirements of Federal State Education Standards (FGOS) for a wide range of teaching areas. Since FGOS requirements vary, making the administrative decisions aimed at unifying various requirements is substantially complicated.
2. Methodological support. Conducting classes in distance learning format requires developing the respective curricula for various study disciplines, lecture transcripts, webinar scenarios, assessment funds, etc.
3. Human resources support. Not all teachers by far have the adequate knowledge and skills for working in distance learning systems. Many are unwilling to work with new technologies (and they have every right to be). That is why Universities are facing the need to conduct ToT seminars and courses to teach the staff to design and manage their own distance learning courses.
4. Technological support. Ensuring success of distance learning efforts requires the respective technologies, equipment, etc. - not just at the University, but also among students.
The article presents results reflecting implementation of distance learning technologies in Master's education process at the Academy of Labor and Social Relations (Moscow, Russia). Survey results of teachers and students are provided. The study covers a 4-year period of preparation and implementation of distance learning.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE LIFELONG E-LEARNING OPTIONS OFFERED BY USING THE HIGHER EDUCATION ORGANIZATIONS AS INTEGRATED SERVICES HUBS
Authors: Dobre Iuliana
Published: February 2023

The changes induced at worldwide level by the technological revolution and by the evolution of globalization from economical point of view had deep effects in all domains. All disciplines, activities, industries etc. have been transformed. Same like any other domain, the educational process has been profoundly marked and has been as well transformed at an unprecedented level. The information and communication technology revolution has challenged the society to take steps for moving to another universe which fifty years ago was just a dream or for most optimist researchers, just a possibility. The foundation for all transformations was the education and the same foundation shall be considered as the first brick today and tomorrow and the next years and centuries, if we want having a dream becoming true. New times, near future trends, long terms plans and same important, the needs and requirements of a human society driven economically, politically and socially by open markets evolution, by innovations, by primary resources ores depletion etc. request a new approach in terms of education. One of these approaches is to establish a bridge between, at one side, the higher education organizations, and on the other side, the students/employees and the employers, by which the first ones could provide an opportunity for improving the others performances by combining the lifelong learning and e-learning. Moreover, I do see as possible that higher education organizations could become competitive educational enterprises which could offer their services in the form of integrated services hubs for students/employees and employers. In this article will be presented a brief overview of the critical directions and strategies which in my opinion the higher education organizations should follow for facing the future challenges raised by the necessity having a continuous process for improving skills and knowledge after graduation and during employment, named lifelong learning, as well as the relations which could be developed and which could be used as roots for integrating tertiary education level with business environment, regardless that is public or private. The article will develop further, starting from statistical facts, a possible theoretical model of integrated services hub applicable on a higher education organization and which is using the features disposed to all of us by the e-learning systems with the purpose to offer options for developing the skills and knowledge of the students/employees within a continual improvement cycle.
SMART PHONES IN THE ASPECT OF LEARNING AND SOCIAL COMMUNICATION: IDENTIFYING THE ACTUAL USAGE AMONG POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohamad Mariam , Ghazali Zuliana
Published: February 2023

The use of smart phones among postgraduates in Malaysia has become indispensable in recent times. This study aims to identify the intended use of smart phones among students in terms of educational and social communication purposes. This study is quantitative in nature with exploratory study as the research design. Data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 2.1. The study established that students were positive towards the use of smart phones for learning purpose, with no significance difference between male and female. In regard to age, for students age less than 45, they are inclined to use smart phones as a medium to gain information, to surf the internet as well as to access the e-learning portal provided by the university. However, for students age more than 45, they prefer to use laptop or desktop computers for aforementioned activities as the result from the screen limitation. The study also established that students were positive towards the use of smart phones for social communication purpose, with no significance difference between male and female. In regard to age, for students age less than 45, they are inclined to use smart phones as a medium of communication, through SMS, WhatsApp, Telegram and WeChat rather than making phone calls. However, for students age more than 45, they prefer over the phone conversations rather than using social communication applications. As the conclusion, this study provide significant findings that could point out the future direction of smart phones usage among postgraduate students in Malaysia for learning and social communication purposes.
COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE SCHOOL ORGANISATION - A FACTOR RENDERING THE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MORE DYNAMIC AND EFFICIENT
Authors: Balanescu Ramona cristina
Published: February 2023

Human communication is a basic process, both in the individual's personal and social life. Furthermore, communication is one of the most important activitieswithin an organisation. At the workplace, the communication phenomenon must be studied as an interhuman relationship, as a specific form of interaction. The organisation optimal operation is based on the establishment of effective relations between individuals and groups. Thus, the internal communication becomes a dynamic factor both for the professional satisfaction and the professional performance. This article proposes an empirical exploratory study where in the internal communication is analysed related to other elements specific to the organisational flow in the school environment. The study participants are the result of a non-probabilistic sampling, based on availability criteria. The final sample includes 413 teachers in the pre-university educational system, evenly distributed geographically. The data collection was performed through an on-lineself-administered questionnaire. The study shows that the participants consider the internal communication plays a positive role in the performance of the human relations management activities, in building an organisational climate supporting performance and increasing job satisfaction. The prevalent opinion shows the profound importance the high-quality internal communication has in the activity performance, efficiency-rising, and employee-motivation, the absence thereof leading to disastrous effects. The contrary statement, whereby communicationis only seen as a human resources management tool, is rejected by most of the Respondents. As a counterweight, the Respondents have less positive opinions regarding the realities defining the multidimensional communication within the organisation they work in. Related to nature of the organisational climate, mention is made of the personal and professional valuation feeling the school organisation the teachers work in give to the latter. The research also explores the relationship between the internal communication quality and the teaching staff's attachment to the institution. In the end, the paper proposes a theoretical applied model for rendering the internal communication more dynamic and analyses the opportunity of implementing the same in relation to several organisational variables: horizontal communication, verticalcommunication, attachment to the organisation and human resources management activities.
GENERATOR OF VARIANTS OF TESTS USING THE SAME QUESTIONS
Authors: Domsa Ovidiu , Bold Nicolae
Published: February 2023

To obtain the expected results in the academic environment, various mechanisms for presenting the information in a form as much as attractive were made. This thing implied the development of complex means which involves the usage of technical and software support as varied as possible. Another important component related to learning validation is the assessment component. In this moment, a variety of assessment mechanisms exists, from the classical ones which use detailed requirements and answers to those which use templates with simple or more complex questions and answers. In the assessment process it is important to use tests with the same content for all the students, in order to obtain a correct hierarchy of them. However, for a better security regarding the answers given by the student, it is useful to elaborate more test variants with the same questions, but with answers numbered in a different way. The generator presented in this paper uses a probabilistic algorithm for solving this request. The generator accomplishes two roles: firstly, it does the generation of a random permutation of the answers choices and, secondly, it generates a random permutation of the questions which forms the test. A specified number of tests will be generated using these permutations. The application which uses the generator contains three files: the first one with the question statements, the second one with the answers choices and the third with the right answer. Using the generator for the permutations of answers choices and of questions, variants of the same test are obtained.
M-LEARNING IN THE TEACHING PROCESS
Authors: Ianos Maria gratiela , Oproiu Gabriela carmen
Published: February 2023

The development of technique and technology, the increasing role of multimedia in the learning process lead to consistent changes in the educational process. As a result, the didactic activity in education institutions is becoming more diverse, acquiring new dimensions, and teaching is becoming a process where, alongside traditional learning strategies, new blended learning - type strategies occurring. Besides face-to-face learning, blending learning also involves online access to virtual learning environments. An increasingly important role in this context is fulfilled by online learning platforms and, implicitly, by the devices that are used for this purpose. Thus, we can notice the tendency of using mobile devices in the educational purpose (m - learning), which makes its users more independent, and encourages them to take responsibility of their own learning process. M-learning enables access to sites and specific software applications by help of mobile devices. The use of the above-mentioned applications provides a variety of improvement opportunities in the learning process; however, various difficulties are encountered when it comes to implementing them effectively in the educational institutions, both from the technological and didactic perspective. On the other hand, the use of software applications in the m-learning individual process does not require thorough technical knowledge; they are accessible and easy to install. The present paper sets out to investigate the potential impact of using software applications - a comparative analysis of the latter from the perspective of their effectiveness in the learning process as well as the modality of their integration within didactic activities.
REUSE MODELS FOR GENERATIVE E-LEARNING CONTENT DEDICATED TO COMPUTER SCIENCE DISCIPLINES
Authors: Chirila Ciprianbogdan
Published: February 2023

Nowadays the e-learning domain has different development directions. Learning management systems
(LMS) tend to integrate standardized content like: Shareable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM),
Aviation Industry Computer Based Training Committee(AICC), etc.
In products like Storyline 2 and Studio'13 the focus is set on
the development of content based on slides. They start from Microsoft PowerPoint slides and enhance
it with several facilities like: narrations, annotations, motion paths, screen recordings, videos,
iterations, conditional interactions, simulations, language support. Another focus of these
products is set on content publishing to various platforms like iPads, Android tablets etc.
The Captivate e-learning content authoring tool contains facilities like: to create content for
iPads and tablets with responsive design, storyboards based on slides, multiple choice templates,
text, image and video galleries, sync with the cloud, e-mailing facilities of the just created story
boards, the content is expressed as a Flash clips and HTML5 web pages played on most of the
browsers. xAPI is a flexible specification allowing to track informal learning, social
learning and real world experiences. The recording format is a very generic one in the form of
actor, verb and object memorized in a learning record store (LRS).
SCORM (Shareable Content Object Reference Model) is a set of standards for e-learning software in
order to increase integration of e-learning content.
Generative learning objects (GLO) are reusable pedagogical templates to be filled with content
obtained in several ways. One efficient way for e-learning content generation is to use
meta-programming on generative models.
In this paper we present several generative models to be reused in authoring computer science (CS)
e-learning content.
The first model we propose is a CS text problem composer embedding features like: composition rules
for generating learning objects, linked lists problems generation, modelling problems being built
around the composition concept.
A second model is a code refactorer based on several refactoring rules like: changing variable
names, changing code indentations, changing loop instructions etc in order to be used by first year
students to recognize different algorithms.
A third model is a code tamperer based on several code tempering rules used to affect the sensitive
sections, operators, variables, etc of an algorithm where students will have to identify the
inserted faults. In this model we include a source code block randomizer component based on abstract
syntax tree (AST) subtree swaps and other rules. A source code line randomizer can be included in
the same context based on swapping sensitive lines in an algorithm selected manually or
automatically.
A fourth model is demonstrator based on several concepts like: to give as input an algorithm, to
give as output the visualization of the data structure changes during the algorithm run.
THE FEASIBILITY OF COURSERA AS A PLATFORM FOR CREDIT-BEARING COURSES
Authors: Lazaroiu George , Nica Elvira , Popescu Gheorghe h.
Published: February 2023

Coursera is an education platform affiliated with elite universities and other entities throughout the world, to provide courses online for any learners to take, furnishing choices for teaching and evaluation that are grounded on pedagogical investigation. Originally Coursera concentrated on producing free, online adaptations of courses taught by scholars at first-rate universities. Now Coursera provides the choice of peer assessment, in which learners are instructed to employ a grading rubric to assess and supply response on other learners' performance. Coursera functions outside higher education's tuition-based credentialing system, and this paper analyzes its feasibility as a platform for credit-bearing courses that are provided to learners enlisted at various campuses within a public university system: Coursera operates with university affiliates to establish a system for learners to supply response at the completion of the course, to be employed by scholars for subsequent enhancements to the course and university operations, and to be utilized by Coursera to improve its best practices standards and for eventual advancements to the platform. Coursera outsources course generation to elite organizations and adheres to its articulation as a platform for other individuals' material, but has developed job-significant "specialization" programs that charge for certificates. Coursera's novel offerings are subsidized and somewhat devised by relevant financial and technology firms, concentrating on skills instruction and professional advancement. The courses empower corporations to enlarge the international supply of achievable talent in their particular sectors and assist universities in furnishing courses that are in accord with what employers seek. Unfortunately, Coursera has only a source of revenues, i.e. having learners enlist for its Signature Track service, a choice that offers learners in select classes the chance to receive a Verified Certificate for finalizing their course.
THE ROMANIAN MOODLE MOOC DEVELOPMENT AND THE USERS' FEEDBACK
Authors: Herman Cosmin , Mustea Anca
Published: February 2023

An extremely useful advancement in education is represented by the Massive Open Online Courses Platforms. In the last few years a growing number of platforms offer free courses for people around the world. This courses are important for ensuring free access to education to all the people that want to develop their knowledge and competencies, as well as those who would not otherwise be able to have access to education.
Most of the courses are thought in English, but other languages are also present: German, Spanish, Italian, Chinese and other. The wide development of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) at the international level constituted both an inspiration and a challenge to develop Romanian MOOCs.
The first MOOC we developed in Romanian is a course on Moodle. The course is thought as being a self-paced course. The course contains six modules, referring to different aspects of online learning or Moodle objects. For each module we developed presentations containing information, theoretical aspects and examples. Video tutorials are included for modeling and demonstrating how to use different objects in Moodle. In order to take the learning to a more practical level, each student can request a course where he has the role of teacher - in this course the student can practice everything he learns in the Moodle MOOC.
We implemented this course in the Moodle platform mooc.ro. The paper presents the process and the challenges faced during the development of this Romanian MOOC as well as the feedback obtained from the first students of this course.