bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust neuromorphic coupled oscillators for adaptive pacemakers
Authors: Krause Renate , van Bavel Joanne J. A. , Wu Chenxi , Vos Marc A. , Nogaret Alain , Indiveri Giacomo
Published: September 2021

Neural coupled oscillators are a useful building block in numerous models and applications. They were analyzed extensively in theoretical studies and more recently in biologically realistic simulations of spiking neural networks. The advent of mixed-signal analog/digital neuromorphic electronic circuits provides new means for implementing neural coupled oscillators on compact, low-power, spiking neural network hardware platforms. However, their implementation on this noisy, low-precision and inhomogeneous computing substrate raises new challenges with regards to stability and controllability. In this work, we present a robust, spiking neural network model of neural coupled oscillators and validate it with an implementation on a mixed-signal neuromorphic processor. We demonstrate its robustness showing how to reliably control and modulate the oscillator’s frequency and phase shift, despite the variability of the silicon synapse and neuron properties. We show how this ultra-low power neural processing system can be used to build an adaptive cardiac pacemaker modulating the heart rate with respect to the respiration phases and compare it with surface ECG and respiratory signal recordings from dogs at rest. The implementation of our model in neuromorphic electronic hardware shows its robustness on a highly variable substrate and extends the toolbox for applications requiring rhythmic outputs such as pacemakers.
Real-time estimation of phase and amplitude with application to neural data
Authors: Rosenblum Michael , Pikovsky Arkady , Kühn Andrea A. , Busch Johannes L.
Published: September 2021

Computation of the instantaneous phase and amplitude via the Hilbert Transform is a powerful tool of data analysis. This approach finds many applications in various science and engineering branches but is not proper for causal estimation because it requires knowledge of the signal’s past and future. However, several problems require real-time estimation of phase and amplitude; an illustrative example is phase-locked or amplitude-dependent stimulation in neuroscience. In this paper, we discuss and compare three causal algorithms that do not rely on the Hilbert Transform but exploit well-known physical phenomena, the synchronization and the resonance. After testing the algorithms on a synthetic data set, we illustrate their performance computing phase and amplitude for the accelerometer tremor measurements and a Parkinsonian patient’s beta-band brain activity.
Targeting chromosome trisomy for chromosome editing
Authors: Abe Takuya , Suzuki Yuya , Ikeya Teppei , Hirota Kouji
Published: September 2021

A trisomy is a type of aneuploidy characterised by an additional chromosome. The additional chromosome theoretically accepts any kind of changes since it is not necessary for cellular proliferation. This advantage led us to apply two chromosome manipulation methods to autosomal trisomy in chicken DT40 cells. We first corrected chromosome 2 trisomy to disomy by employing counter-selection markers. Upon construction of cells carrying markers targeted in one of the trisomic chromosome 2s, cells that have lost markers integrated in chromosome 2 were subsequently selected. The loss of one of the chromosome 2s had little impacts on the proliferative capacity, indicating unsubstantial role of the additional chromosome 2 in DT40 cells. We next tested large-scale truncations of chromosome 2 to make a mini-chromosome for the assessment of chromosome stability by introducing telomere repeat sequences to delete most of p-arm or q-arm of chromosome 2. The obtained cell lines had 0.7 Mb mini-chromosome, and approximately 0.2% of mini-chromosome was lost per cell division in wild-type background while the rate of chromosome loss was significantly increased by the depletion of DDX11, a cohesin regulatory protein. Collectively, our findings propose that trisomic chromosomes are good targets to make unique artificial chromosomes.
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on passive viscoelastic components of the musculoarticular system
Authors: Valle Maria Stella , Casabona Antonino , Di Fazio Eugenia , Crimi Claudia , Russo Cristina , Malaguarnera Lucia , Crimi Nunzio , Cioni Matteo
Published: September 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) produces skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness, leading to impairments of exercise performance. The mechanical work needed for movement execution is also provided by the passive tension developed by musculoarticular connective tissue. To verify whether COPD affects this component, the passive viscoelastic properties of the knee joint were evaluated in 11 patients with COPD and in 11 healthy individuals. The levels of stiffness and viscosity were assessed by means of the pendulum test, consisting in a series of passive leg oscillations. In addition, to explore the contribution of passive tension in the mechanical output of a simple motor task, voluntary leg flexion–extension movements were performed. Patients with COPD showed a statistically significant reduction in stiffness and viscosity compared to controls. Voluntary execution of flexion–extension movements revealed that the electromyographic activity of the Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris was lower in patients than in controls, and the low viscoelastic tension in the patients conditioned the performance of active movements. These results provide novel insights on the mechanism responsible for the movement impairments associated with COPD.
Probenecid inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Murray Jackelyn , Hogan Robert J. , Martin David E. , Blahunka Kathy , Sancilio Fred D. , Balyan Rajiv , Lovern Mark , Still Richard , Tripp Ralph A.
Published: September 2021

Effective vaccines are slowing the COVID-19 pandemic, but SARS-CoV-2 will likely remain an issue in the future making it important to have therapeutics to treat patients. There are few options for treating patients with COVID-19. We show probenecid potently blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in mammalian cells and virus replication in a hamster model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that plasma concentrations up to 50-fold higher than the protein binding adjusted IC90 value are achievable for 24 h following a single oral dose. These data support the potential clinical utility of probenecid to control SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
meso-Tetra-(4-pyridyl)porphyrin/palladium(ii) complexes as anticancer agents
Authors: Alves Kamilla M. , Honorato João , Lião Luciano M. , Velozo-Sa Vivianne S. , Guedes Adriana P. M. , Dutra Jocely de L. , Ayalla Alejando P. , Ellena Javier , Batista Alzir A. , Gonçalves Pablo J.
Published: September 2021

New palladium/diphosphine/pyridylporphyrin complexes, of general formula {TPyP[PdCl(P–P)]4}(PF6)4, interact weakly with DNA and exhibit cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells.
Halogenation affects driving forces, reorganization energies and “rocking” motions in strained [Fe(tpy)2]2+ complexes
Authors: Kwon Hyuk-Yong , Ashley Daniel C. , Jakubikova Elena
Published: September 2021

Halogenation of [Fe(tpy)2]2+ at 6 and 6′′ positions of tpy has a clear and predictable impact on the tpy ligand “rocking” motion that is correlated to numerous other geometrical distortions and reorganization energies for spin-state changes.
Emerging investigator series: the role of chemical properties in human exposure to environmental chemicals
Authors: Zhang Zhizhen , Wang Shenghong , Li Li
Published: September 2021

We review how chemical properties govern human exposure to environmental chemicals through different routes from different sources.
Sustainable development of ultrathin porous carbon nanosheets with highly accessible defects from biomass waste for high-performance capacitive desalination
Authors: Huo Silu , Zhang Peng , He Mingming , Zhang Wei , Liang Bolong , Zhang Mingtao , Wang Hao , Li Kexun
Published: September 2021

Biomass-derived defective porous carbons with numerous superiorities have received widespread attention for capacitive deionization (CDI).
The synergistic copper/ppm Pd-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of alkynes with formic acid as a CO surrogate as well as a hydrogen source: an alternative indirect utilization of CO2
Authors: Xia Shu-Mei , Yang Zhi-Wen , Yao Xiang-Yang , Chen Kai-Hong , Qiu Li-Qi , He Liang-Nian
Published: September 2021

Dual Cu/ppm Pd catalysis is established that enables highly efficient hydrocarboxylation of alkynes with HCOOH as the hydrogen source and CO surrogate via copper hydride, to deliver various (E)-acrylic derivatives.
Biologically inspired micro-robotic swimmers remotely controlled by ultrasound waves
Authors: Luo Tao , Wu Mingming
Published: September 2021

We report a two-bubble based micro-swimmer that can be propelled and steered entirely using one ultrasound transducer.
Advanced developments in nonstoichiometric tungsten oxides for electrochromic applications
Authors: Zeb Shah , Sun Guoxin , Nie Yong , Xu Huiyan , Cui Yu , Jiang Xuchuan
Published: September 2021

This review summarizes the recent progress of WO3−x for switchable smart devices, focusing on the synthesis, film fabrication, and strategies to improve EC properties, followed by challenges and future development in multifunctional devices.
De novo design and synthesis of boomerang-shaped molecules and their in silico and SERS-based interactions with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2
Authors: Linet Amrutham , Joseph Manu M. , Haritha Mambatta , Shamna K. , Varughese Sunil , Devi P. Sujatha , Suresh C. H. , Maiti Kaustabh Kumar , Neogi Ishita
Published: September 2021

Boomerang shaped molecule and its interaction study with SARS-CoV-2 S-protein–ACE2 using molecular docking, SERS and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Preparation of ionogel-bonded mesoporous silica and its application in liquid chromatography
Authors: Shang Ce , Fan Fangbin
Published: September 2021

A new preparation strategy for stable ionogels on silica obtained by a chemical bonding method and its application in LC.
Design, synthesis, antifungal evaluation, and molecular docking of novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing oxime ether and cyclopropyl moieties as potential sterol demethylase inhibitors
Authors: Sun Sheng-Xin , Yan Jing-Hua , Zuo Jiang-Tao , Wang Xiao-Bin , Chen Min , Lu Ai-Min , Yang Chun-Long , Li Guo-Hua
Published: September 2021

A series of novel triazole derivatives containing oxime ether and cyclopropyl moieties were designed and synthesized. Some compounds exhibited remarkable antifungal activities. The molecular docking of compound 5k with FgCYP51 was investigated.
Interfacial magnetism in a fused superatomic cluster [Co6Se8(PEt3)5]2
Authors: Bista Dinesh , Sengupta Turbasu , Reber Arthur C. , Khanna Shiv N.
Published: September 2021

In a cluster assembled solid, [Co6Se8(PEt3)5]2+ was found with the interfacial magnetic moment of 1μB. The addition of charge carriers to the solid might enhance the magnetic moment of the dimers.
Macrophage reprogramming into a pro-healing phenotype by siRNA delivered with LBL assembled nanocomplexes for wound healing applications
Authors: Sharifiaghdam Maryam , Shaabani Elnaz , Sharifiaghdam Zeynab , De Keersmaecker Herlinde , Lucas Bart , Lammens Joris , Ghanbari Hossein , Teimoori-Toolabi Ladan , Vervaet Chris , De Beer Thomas , Faridi-Majidi Reza , De Smedt Stefaan C. , Braeckmans Kevin , Fraire Juan C.
Published: September 2021

Successful delivery of irf5-siRNA by PEI-LBL-NCs resulted macrophages phenotype change from the M1 to M2 phenotype and accelerated wound healing.
MoS2 flake as a van der Waals homostructure: luminescence properties and optical anisotropy
Authors: Kotova Lyubov V. , Rakhlin Maxim V. , Galimov Aidar I. , Eliseyev Ilya A. , Borodin Bogdan R. , Platonov Alexey V. , Kirilenko Demid A. , Poshakinskiy Alexander V. , Shubina Tatiana V.
Published: September 2021

We investigated multilayer plates prepared by exfoliation from a high-quality MoS2 crystal and revealed that they represent a new object – a van der Waals homostructure consisting of a bulk core and a few detached monolayers on its surface.
Sustainable synthesis of CO2-derived polycarbonates from d-xylose
Authors: Tran David K. , Rashad Ahmed Z. , Darensbourg Donald J. , Wooley Karen L.
Published: September 2021

Synthetic transformation of d-xylose into a four-membered cyclic ether allows for reactions with CO2 leading to linear polycarbonates by either ring-opening copolymerisation directly or by isolation of a six-membered cyclic carbonate followed by ring-opening polymerisation.
Binding enhancements of antibody functionalized natural and synthetic fibers
Authors: Azeem Iqra , El yaagoubi Marwa , Sousa Ana M. L. , Li Tai-De , Yameen Basit , Lau King Hang Aaron
Published: September 2021

Cotton, nanoporous cellulose and polyester fabric surfaces are functionalized with combinations ofin situgrown silica NPs, polyphenol coating, and protein co-immobilization to enhance surface area, antibody binding efficiency, and biosensing.
Spherical submicron YAG:Ce particles with controllable particle outer diameters and crystallite sizes and their photoluminescence properties
Authors: Dani Nandiyanto Asep Bayu , Kito Yusuke , Hirano Tomoyuki , Ragadhita Risti , Le Phong Hoai , Ogi Takashi
Published: September 2021

We demonstrate the synthesis of spherical submicron YAG:Ce particles with controllable particle outer diameters and crystallite sizes and their photoluminescence properties, produced by a flame-assisted spray-pyrolysis method with annealing process.
Montmorillonite stabilized chitosan-co-mucin hydrogel for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Barik Debyashreeta , Kundu Koustav , Dash Mamoni
Published: September 2021

A simple route to conjugate glycan to proteins with enhanced stabilization offered by montmorillonite leads to hydrogels with superior properties suitable for tissue engineering applications.
Prediction of allotropes of tellurium with molecular, one- and two-dimensional covalent nets for photofunctional applications
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Junjie , Guégan Frédéric , Yu Shuyin , Frapper Gilles
Published: September 2021

By using evolutionary algorithms-DFT calculations, 5 novel Te allotropes, including three 2D Te phases with 3- and 4-coordinated Te centres were proposed. Their viability, bonding, and electronic properties are further assessed.
Porous ZIF-8@polyacrylonitrile composite beads for iodine capture
Authors: Yu Qiang , Jiang Xiaohui , Cheng Zhengjun , Liao Yunwen , Duan Ming
Published: September 2021

This article reports the preparation of a series of millimeter-sized ZIF-8@polyacrylonitrile composite beads with high specific surface area and porosity by the phase inversion method for iodine capture.
Room-temperature phosphorescence of a supercooled liquid: kinetic stabilisation by desymmetrisation
Authors: Komura Mao , Ogawa Takuji , Tani Yosuke
Published: September 2021

Metal-free, single-component, unsymmetrical 1,2-diketone exhibits liquefaction-induced room-temperature phosphorescence. Desymmetrisation provides the supercooled liquid with notable kinetic stability and phase-dependent phosphorescence properties.
Photo-responsive polymeric nanocarriers for target-specific and controlled drug delivery
Authors: Martín Giménez Virna M. , Arya Geeta , Zucchi Ileana A. , Galante María J. , Manucha Walter
Published: September 2021

Conventional drug delivery systems often have several pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic limitations related to their low efficacy and bad safety.
Pressure–deformation relations of elasto-capillary drops (droploons) on capillaries
Authors: Ginot Gaël , Kratz Felix S. , Walzel Friedrich , Farago Jean , Kierfeld Jan , Höhler Reinhard , Drenckhan Wiebke
Published: September 2021

Simple analytical relations for predicting pressure-deformation relations of drops/bubbles on capillaries with elastocapillary interfaces confirmed by Surface Evolver simulations.
Heterogenous hydrogel mimicking the osteochondral ECM applied to tissue regeneration
Authors: Chen Zhuoxin , Xiao Hong , Zhang Hongbo , Xin Qiangwei , Zhang Haochen , Liu Haixin , Wu Mingzhen , Zuo Liangrui , Luo Jun , Guo Qiang , Ding Chunmei , Tan Hong , Li Jianshu
Published: September 2021

An ECM-inspired heterogeneous bilayer hydrogel possesses similar components to natural tissue, promotes cell activity and exhibits good regeneration of osteochondral defects.
Defect formation in chemically reduced congruent LiTaO3: ab initio simulations and inelastic neutron scattering
Authors: Köhler Thomas , Zschornak Matthias , Zbiri Mohamed , Hanzig Juliane , Röder Christian , Funke Claudia , Stöcker Hartmut , Mehner Erik , Meyer Dirk C.
Published: September 2021

Phonon spectra are measured to identify the point defect formation in LiTaO3 and separate it from further contributions of the structural phase transition as well as the ferroelectric domain structure.
Two‐level global sensitivity analysis of the excitation contributions leading to acoustic noise in an electric motor for the purpose of robust optimisation
Authors: Jeannerot Martin , Ouisse Morvan , Lanfranchi Vincent , Dupont Jean‐Baptiste , Sadoulet‐Reboul Emeline
Published: September 2021

This study presents a sensitivity analysis methodology used for electric motor design. This innovative approach evaluates both global effects of parameter variations in their design range and of parameter deviations in their tolerance intervals on design objectives. For the purpose of robust optimisation, this method helps to select the most influent design parameters and uncertain parameters, which are not necessarily the same. Suitable for any design approach, this method is particularly useful in dealing with objectives defined by non‐linear and non‐regular functions, such as electric motor acoustic criteria. In this study, the method is applied to the sensitivity evaluation of electromagnetic tangential excitations responsible for acoustic emissions in an electric motor. The sensitivity of output mean torque is also investigated. The sensitivity analysis shows that acoustic criteria appear generally more sensitive to parameter deviations than mean torque. Parameter deviations can be even more influent on acoustic criteria than larger parameter variations in their design range. As can be expected from the sensitivity results, the study eventually shows that the acoustic optimisation of the electric motor faces robustness issues.
Renewable energy in Pakistan: Paving the way towards a fully renewables‐based energy system across the power, heat, transport and desalination sectors by 2050
Authors: Sadiqa Ayesha , Gulagi Ashish , Bogdanov Dmitrii , Caldera Upeksha , Breyer Christian
Published: September 2021

Pakistan is currently undertaking a substantial expansion of electricity generation capacity to provide electricity for all its end‐users and to satisfy a fast‐growing economy. Adoption of low‐cost, abundant and clean renewable energy will not only fulfil its growing electricity, heat, transportation and desalinated water demand but also help achieve the goals set under the Paris Agreement. A technology‐rich energy system model applied in hourly resolution has been used for investigating the transition in 5‐year periods until 2050. This study demonstrates that a 100% renewable energy system across the power, heat, transport and desalination sectors is not only technically feasible but also economically viable. Solar photovoltaics emerges as a key technology to generate electricity and contribute a share of 92% to the total primary energy demand across all sectors by 2050. The levelised cost of energy for a 100% renewable energy system is calculated as 56.1 €/MWh in 2050, lower than 70 €/MWh for the current fossil fuel‐based system. A key feature of Pakistan's future energy system is the huge increase in demand across all energy sectors, particularly for desalinated water, which is almost 19% of the final energy demand. This share of energy for desalination is among the highest in the world. Direct and indirect electrification across all demand sectors increases the efficiency of the future energy system. Moreover, GHG emissions from all the sectors will drop to zero by 2050 in a fully sustainable energy scenario.
Mechanisms for gas-phase molecular formation of neutral formaldehyde (H2CO) in cold astrophysical regions
Authors: Ramal-Olmedo Juan C. , Menor-Salván César A. , Fortenberry Ryan C.
Published: September 2021

Context. Formaldehyde is a potential biogenic precursor involved in prebiotic chemical evolution. The cold conditions of the interstellar medium (ISM) allow H2CO to be reactive, playing a significant role as a chemical intermediate in formation pathways leading to interstellar complex organic molecules. However, gas-phase molecular formation mechanisms in cold regions of the ISM are poorly understood.

Aims. We computationally determine the most favored gas-phase molecular formation mechanisms at local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions that can produce the detected amounts of H2CO in diffuse molecular clouds (DMCs), in dark, cold, and dense molecular clouds (DCDMCs), and in three regions of circumstellar envelopes of low-mass protostars (CELMPs).

Methods. The potential energy surfaces, thermodynamic functions, and single-point energies for transition states were calculated at the CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ levels of theory and basis sets. Molecular thermodynamics and related partition functions were obtained by applying the Maxwell-Boltzmann quantum statistics theory from energies computed at CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 with corrections for zero-point energy. A literature review on detected abundances of reactants helped us to propose the most favorable formation routes.

Results. The most probable reactions that produce H2CO in cold astrophysical regions are: 1CH2 + ⋅3O2 →1H2CO + O⋅(3P) in DMCs, ⋅3CH2 + ⋅3O2 →1H2CO + ⋅O(3P) in DCDMCs, and ⋅CH3 + ⋅O(3P) →1H2CO + ⋅H in region III, ⋅CH3 +⋅O(1D) →1H2CO + ⋅H in region II, and 1CH2 + ⋅3O2 →1H2CO + ⋅O(3P) in region I belonging to CELMPs.

Conclusions. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the principal carbonaceous precursors of H2CO in cold regions for the gas-phase are CH2(a1A1), and ⋅CH2(X3B1) combined with ⋅O2(3Σg) and ⋅CH3(2A”) + ⋅O(3P) / O(1D). Reactions based on more complex reagents yield less effective thermodynamics in the gas-phase H2CO molecular formation.
Sublimation of organic-rich comet analog materials and their relevance in fracture formation
Authors: Haack David , Kreuzig Christopher , Gundlach Bastian , Blum Jürgen , Otto Katharina
Published: September 2021

Aims.The morphology of cometary nuclei is the result of an ongoing evolution and can provide valuable information to constrain the composition of comets. In our laboratory experiments we investigated the morphological evolution of comet analog materials, which consist of volatile, dust, and organic components. The laboratory results are aimed to help understand the evolution of cometary surfaces.

Methods.We used spherical particles of fly ash and mixtures of ice, glycine, and sodium acetate as analog materials in different mass ratios to reproduce observed cometary morphologies. The cohesive and gravitational properties in the laboratory are scaled to cometary conditions to draw meaningful conclusions from the experimental results. The samples were placed in a vacuum sublimation chamber, cooled down to below 150 K, and were insolated with an external light source. To analyze the morphology of the samples, a camera was used to monitor the alterations of the surface.

Results.Organic components in volatile-rich samples can have a distinct adhesive effect after the volatiles sublimate. During the sublimation process the sample volume decreases and fractures form on the sample surface. Due to the stability of the remaining volatile-depleted material, significant cliff collapses or ejected particles were not observed in the laboratory.
Efficiency of biologization of intensification processes in industrial fruit growing
Authors: Egorov Evgeniy , Shadrina Zhanna , Kochyan Gayane
Published: September 2021

The intensification processes characteristic in industrial fruit growing is given, their aims are determined. The main technological shifts of the technological structure formed in the domestic fruit growing are presented. Based on the analysis of the technological structure development, the predicted technological shifts for the near future, the characteristic features of promising technologies in the fruit growing, their criteria and signs are presented. The factors-indicators of fruit growing intensification are systematically presented. A retrospective of the industrial fruit growing intensification based on the weak-growing rootstocks breeding and introduction and differentiated technologies formed with their participation is reflected. The main directions of intensification that increase the agrocenosis biopotential are graphically presented. The analysis of chemical and technogenic factors negative impact on agroecocenoses leading to bioresource deformations in the biocenosis, soil and soil microbiota, microbio-, acaro- and entomosystems is carried out. The necessity of restoring and developing the reproductive capabilities of agroecosystems, mainly by biological methods, is proved, which include: the development of rhizosphere microorganism populations in the soil biota, the range expansion of the applied bioproducts created on the effective strain basis of beneficial microorganisms, the widespread application of various forms and methods to increase plant immunity, including elicitor-type preparations.
Genotypic assessment of productivity and quality of berries of strawberry varieties
Authors: Lapshin Vadim , Yakovenko Valentina , Shcheglov Sergey
Published: September 2021

The genotypical potential of strawberry varieties is the basis for the implementation of economically valuable crop indicators in specific growing conditions. Assessment of the variability of productivity traits and quality of berries is one of the key directions in many modern studies on the selection and variety study of garden strawberries. The goal of this work was to assess strawberry varieties by a complex of characteristics of the yield structure and fruit quality, taking into account their genotypic characteristics, as well as to identify of their hereditary potential in regional cultivation conditions. The analysis of long-term data on 17 varieties of strawberries has been carried out. Using the methods of two-way analysis of variance, contributions of the principal components and Ward’s cluster analysis, an assessment was made of the variability of the taken into account traits in strawberry varieties. Combining the studied varieties into groups made it possible to identify the best forms by the valuable traits. A high responsiveness to the cultivation conditions in the Krasnodar region was established for the varieties Nelli, Alba, Florence, Elegia, Honeoye, Onda and Vima Xima in accordance with their genotypic potential.
Regenerative ability of grape cuttings under the influence of yeast suspension treatment
Authors: Radchevsky Pyotr , Kutakov Vladimir , Smolich Oleg , Chursin Ivan
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the growing experiment results on activating the regenerative ability of Moldova table variety grape cuttings by processing pressed baking yeast suspension. The present circumstance became the basis for conducting special studies to check cutting response to the treatment with baking yeast suspension, with the identification of drug optimal concentration. In spring, the two-eyed cuttings were completely soaked for 24 hours in water, and then they were placed with the basal ends in yeast suspension at various concentrations for the same time. Moreover, these yeast suspension concentrations were tested both in pure form and in combination with 3% sucrose. As a result of the conducted studies, it was revealed that pressed baking yeast suspension at certain concentration can have an activating effect on regenerative ability of grape cuttings. The use of yeast suspension together with sucrose solution increases their physiological activity. It was found that cuttings basal end soaking in yeast suspension at concentrations of 10-20 g/l, together with sucrose, contributed to rooting increased by 20-30%, the proportion of cuttings with three roots or more – by 22.5-30.0%, the number of roots by 13.5–16.2%. The best option was with a yeast suspension concentration of 20 g/l.
Phylogenetic diversity of the endophytic bacterial component of the microbiome of apple clonal rootstocks during in vitro reproduction and cultivation under various agroecological conditions
Authors: Bobkova Veronika , Konovalov Sergey , Upadyshev Mikhail
Published: September 2021

The phylogenetic diversity of the endophytic bacterial component of the clonal apple rootstock microbiome 57-490 and 54-118 was studied for microplants and 5-year-old plants grown from the same tissue culture and growing on sod-podzolic soils of different granulometric composition with different chemical, physicochemical and physical properties. Proteobacteria (91.6%) in rootstock 57-490, Proteobacteria (52.5%) and Firmicutes (47.4%) in rootstock 54-118 are the predominant phylum of endophytic bacteria in apple rootstock plant tissues in vitro culture. The relative amount of phylum Firmicutes endophytic bacteria, in comparison with in vitro culture, decreases in the roots to 0.7-2.0%, and even more significantly in the leaves (to 0-0.2%). At cultivation on heavy loamy soil, endophytic bacteria belonging to the phylum Actinobacteriota (11.7%) are found in the studied rootstock roots, the relative content of which, when grown on medium loamy soil, in the roots decreases to 2.7-4.1%, in the leaves – to 0,1-0.2%. The data show that in the endosphere of the culture in vitro, the diversity and uniformity of the community of endophytic bacteria is significantly lower (Shannon index 0.42-1.00) than in the roots of rootstocks grown in the outdoor growing (1.34-2.08). For leaves, the Shannon index is characterized by the lowest values (0.06-0.13).
The use of disorientation of the plum moth in the conditions of chemical protection of the orchard
Authors: Zelenskaya Olya , Orlov Valeriy
Published: September 2021

Disorientation of the plum moth (Grapholita funebrana Treitschke) under the conditions of chemical protection of the garden was carried out using dispensers (Z8DDA, 16.7 mg) produced by ZAO Shchelkovo Agrokhim. Dispensers were placed at a tree trunk at a height of 1.5 - 2 m with an application rate of 500 per hectare. The study was carried out on three plots of a 1 ha plum orchard: a plot with chemical treatments and with disorientation, an area with chemical treatments, without disorientation, and an area without chemical treatments and without disorientation. The effectiveness of disorientation at a high abundance during the flight peaks of the second and third generations of the pest ranged from 100 % to 92-93 %. The effectiveness of disorientation, together with the chemical protection of the garden in comparison with untreated area, showed higher results - in the first two months, the efficiency ranged from 100 to 98 %, and during the periods of the 2nd and 3rd flight peaks of the pest (with a flight intensity of 136 - 120 individuals per trap) did not fall below 96 %.
Features of the economical yield formation of apple plants under non-root nutrition in the Southern Russia organic plantings
Authors: Doroshenko Tatiana , Ryazanova Lyudmila , Petrik Galina , Gorbunov Igor , Chumakov Sergey
Published: September 2021

In this work are determined the prospects of application new complex fertilizer chelate “Naliv” for apple plants non-root nutrition in connection with optimization of economic yield formation in the Southern Russia organic plantations. The field experiment was carried out in the organic apple tree plantations of the educational farm "Kuban" of the KubSAU, planted in 2002. The experimental field soil is leached chernozem. Trees foliar dressing was carried out with organic fertilizer 40-45 days before harvest. Control variant was trees treatment with water. The accumulation of glucose and fructose, associated with a significant (1.4 times) increase in their average weight, activate in ripening fruits under fertilizer application as a late-summer foliar dressing. Equally, the economic yield increases by 14% compared to control value. The fertilizer application accelerates the generative apple bud dormancy beginning and, accordingly, dormancy ending. An increase in the abscisic acid content in generative buds in late autumn, initiated by the fertilizer action, plays a certain role in achieving this effect. Equally, the plants resistance to low temperatures of the spring increases. Thus, favorable conditions are created to improve the commercial quality of fruits and optimize fruiting in adjacent years under fertilizers application in organic apple plantations.
Investigation of the effect of the amount of film-forming coatings based on natural biopolymers on the quality characteristics of grape berries
Authors: Gorlov Sergey , Ekaterina Yatsushko , Pershakova Tatiana , Yakovleva Tatiana , Aleshin Vladimir
Published: September 2021

Post-harvest losses of grapes during prolonged storage in refrigerated chambers are mainly associated with dehydration and darkening of stems, wilting of berries and the development of mold. As a result of the physiological processes in the berries, a sufficiently humid environment is created, which contributes to the development of microbiological spoilage. To combat this phenomenon, it is recommended to use natural biodegradable polymers, which prevent the deterioration of quality characteristics by creating a semi-permeable protective barrier. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to determine the optimal dosage of film-forming solutions for treatment of grapes. For this, samples of grapes of the Kishmish Luchistyi variety were prepared with an applied to the surface coating layer of two types: potato starch/gelatin/glycerin/ natamycin and chitosan/sodium alginate/glycerin/natamycin at a biopolymer ratio of 50/50%, with the addition of 1.3% glycerin and 0.3% natamycin. Based on the identified dependence of the weight loss and the value of the resistance of berries to the pressure force on the storage time and the amount of film-forming coating, the optimal amount of film-forming coating required to treat 1000 grams of berries is substantiated – 50 ml.
The influence of agricultural practices in vineyards on the predisposition of wines to crystalline turbidities
Authors: Khrapov Anton , Prakh Anton , Antonenko Mikhail
Published: September 2021

On the example of the Cabernet-Sauvignon variety, the dependence of the physicochemical parameters of grape must and the wine materials produced from it, on the formation of the grape bush (Cordon or Guyot) and green operations (chasing the upper leaves, pinching, removing stepsons) is shown. The influence of the listed factors on the predisposition of wines to crystalline turbidities is shown.
The Comparative Study on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Compressed Biomethane Gas (CBG) Fueled in a Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Limpachoti Tanat , Theinnoi Kampanart
Published: September 2021

Compressed biomethane gas (CBG) is an interesting alternative fuel that can be used to solve fossil fuel crisis problems. Nevertheless, it is concerned about engine performance and exhaust gas emission. In additions, CBG can be produced from agricultural harvesting residues and the food industry that is a good opportunity for utilizing biogas as a vehicle fuel. The aims of this research are comparative analysis of the engine performance and exhaust emission on a CBG and compressed natural gas (CNG) fuelled in a spark ignition engine on engine performance and emissions. The engine has been modified to operate with both fuel gases under constant engine load (50% maximum load) and engine speed (1500 - 3500 rpm). The results show that the engine operated with CBG has higher thermal efficiency with lower the nitrogen oxide (NOx) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions compared with CNG. Thus, the CBG fuel can be used as an alternative fuel to substitute CNG fuel in the spark ignition engine. In additions, the results give the useful information for developed and optimised the engine operated with compression biogas to impact the higher demand of automotive fuels in the future.
The Electrical Energy Modeling of the Modular Off-Grid PV System for Aquaculture Application in the EEC Region
Authors: Buakaew Sukkhi , Jiamrittiwong Prayut , Puangngernmak Nutdechatorn
Published: September 2021

Renewable energy as a solar photovoltaic system represents an essential role in improving and promoting energy sustainability in agricultural/aquaculture-related activities. The “Crab Bank” is the program on practicing the caught gravid females of Blue Swimming Crab (BSC) in supporting conditions, allowing them to spawn and then release the zoea and young crabs back to the sea where are in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC). Onward with the project, many scientific studies assess the BSC stocks condition, evaluate the fishing habitat, and other relevant issues as the energy used in a micro-indoor system as Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). The off-grid solar photovoltaic system is used in the system cause the installed location was near the seaside area. The system’s large size was operating, including solar panels, inverter, charger, and batteries to maintain the AC motor pump, affecting much energy loss in the system. The off-grid solar system design for modular systems is represented in this paper to describe the new structure of the micro modular RAS that reduces cost and increases the solar system’s efficiency in modular concepts comparing the traditional system. The new structure model represents the calculation result in the term of electrical energy and experiment to scale for replacement in the aquaculture area in Rayong or Jantaburi in the EEC region. This research is a cooperation between KMUTNB Rayong and the Provincial Energy Office Of Rayong.
Value Added Gummy Jelly from Palmyra Palm (Borassus flabelliferLinn.)
Authors: Sumonsiri Nutsuda , Phalaithong Pornthip , Mukprasirt Amornrat , Jumnongpon Rattakorn
Published: September 2021

The palmyra palm (Borassus flabelliferLinn.) is a multipurpose tree. It is commonly found along the coasts of Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia due to its strong tap root system’s ability to store a large volume of water and raise the water table level in the surrounding area. Several uses of this plant include beverages, food, medicine, fiber and timber. Unfortunately, due to the short shelf-life of palmyra palm fruit, more than 60% of the annual fruit yield is lost within 10 days of harvesting, and there is limited commercial use of ripe palm fruit. As a result, the physical properties, physicochemical properties, and proximate composition of value-added gummy jelly from palmyra palm were evaluated. The results showed that up to 26% (w/w) of fruit juice (prepared by mixing the mesocarp of ripe palmyra fruit with water (at a 1:1 w/w ratio) and then removing the insoluble pulp) can be added to the gummy jelly recipe with significant effects on textural and color characteristics, as well as changes in moisture, protein, carbohydrate and energy content.
Pretreatment enhanced the physical and antioxidant stability of dried Cordyceps militaris by different drying conditions
Authors: Chaiya Dechapon , Phungamngoen Chanthima , Eadmusik Sunee , Sriwichai Wichien , Subcharoen Ekkasit
Published: September 2021

Cordyceps militaris has been treated as a functional food and supplementary food for several years. In recent studies, active components in Cordyceps militaris have received great attention and promoted health. Drying technology is a common method and it was applied to Cordyceps spp. many times for extending their shelf life and preserving their nutrients. A combination of pretreatment with drying technology could promote processing efficiency. The aim of this study is to study the effect of pretreatments (Soaking in 0.5% citric acid, boiling, steaming and desiccating) combined with drying method by vacuum dryer (VD) at 50, 60 and 70 °C on physical quality and antioxidant capacity in dried Cordyceps militaris. The result showed pretreatment by soaking in acid 0.5% citric acid, boiling and steaming took drying time more than those desiccating and untreated dried sample to desire the final moisture content (approximately 8% db.). Increasing of drying temperature in VD could reduce drying time. Desiccating prior to drying samples exhibited the highest L* value and the lowest of a* and b* values when compared with other pretreatments. High drying temperature tend to decrease L* value while a* and b* values are increasing. It was due to the occurring of browning reaction during drying process. Desiccating samples showed color value closest to fresh samples. These results were consistent with all photographs from digital camera. The glass transition temperature of all samples was about 39.43-45.82 °C and the highest value was found in the case of desiccating sample. Antioxidant properties, pretreatment by soaking in acid combined with drying at 70 °C by VD showed the highest content of phenolic compound, DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activity. It was concluded that pretreatment could preserve important substances, for example, cordycepin and adenosine contents of Cordyceps militaris during drying.
Improvement of potassium permanganate pretreatment by enzymatic saccharification of rice straw for production of biofuels
Authors: Mutrakulcharoen Parita , Pornwongthong Peerapong , Anne Sahithi S.T , Phusantisampan Theerawut , Tawai Atthasit , Sriariyanun Malinee
Published: September 2021

Commonly, the agricultural waste, i.e. lignocellulosic biomass is disposed through combustion causing air pollution with production of PM2.5 and PM10 particles. However, it has been found that these biomasses can be used as source for the production of biofuels and other valuable biochemicals. Though deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass is challenging due to its complex structure. In this study, rice straw (RS) was pretreated using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to enhance the enzymatic saccharification efficiency. The study was carried out by varying the operational factors in pretreatment, including temperature (30-90°C), time (30-360 min) and concentration of KMnO4 (0.5-3.0, % w/v), respectively, based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). Through multi-regression analysis of the experimental data obtained after pretreatment, the optimum conditions were determined. The optimum conditions for temperature, time and potassium permanganate concentration were 48.09°C, 360 min, and 1.36% w/v, respectively. The saccharifications of pretreatment and untreated rice straw were carried out using Cellic Ctec2. The reducing sugar was determined by using DNS method and the yields of the untreated and pretreated RS were 32.38 and 49.011 mg/mL, respectively. The results showed that the sugar for pretreated RS were 1.51 fold times higher compared to untreated RS. Therefore, this work illustrates the pretreatment efficiency for KMnO4 to enhance the reducing sugar yield during saccharification, which can be used for biofuel and value-added product productions.
Comparative evaluation of DNA extraction from rice’s root-associated bacterial consortium for population structure study
Authors: Kittiborwornkul Nichapat , Anne Sahithi S.T , Phetsom Jirapa , Phusantisampan Theerawut , Pongprayoon Wasinee , Sriariyanun Malinee
Published: September 2021

Understanding in population structure of a plant’s root-associated microbiome is applied in good practices in agricultural activities to improve production yields and enhance plant immune responses. The molecular analysis of bacterial populations inhabited in soil faces difficulties in obtaining high yield and high purity of DNA, and different commercial DNA extraction kits have been developed for this purpose. This study focuses on the comparison of DNA extraction of six different rice root-associated bacterial consortium using three commercial kits with two key technologies, spin-column adsorption and magnetic bead adsorption. The quality and quantity of genomic DNA obtained from these extraction methods were analyzed and compared based on DNA concentration, DNA purity and efficiency to be used as a template for 16sRNA amplification. The results showed that the extraction kit with magnetic bead adsorption technology showed the highest concentration (101.32 ng/μl) compared to other DNA extraction kits (32.67 and 1.89 ng/μl). The purity values (A260/A280) were assessed by using Nano-drop spectrophotometer and resulted in purities of nucleic acids in the range of 1.4-1.7. Thus, it was concluded that the extracted DNA obtained from the extraction kit with magnetic bead adsorption technology can be valuable for molecular analysis of microbial communities present in the soil.
Effect of Chelating Agents on Removal of Heavy Metal Cations of Cellulose-based Ion Exchange Resins from Water Hyacinth
Authors: Suppapruek Matcharee , Threepopnatkul Poonsub , Sittattrakul Amnard , Lerdwijitjarud Wanchai
Published: September 2021

Presently, heavy metal pollution in natural water resources is considered very hazardous. The purpose of this research is to develop the novel cellulose-based ion exchange resins from water hyacinth and the effect of chelating agents on the removal of heavy metal cations from single-metal aqueous solutions has been investigated. Cellulose was prepared from the stem of water hyacinth by alkaline treatment process then cellulose-based ion exchange resins were prepared via esterification reaction between cellulose with two different chelating agents such as pyromellitic dianhydride and 3,3’,4,4’- benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The chemical structure, crystallinity index, surface morphology, and thermal stability of resins were characterized and analyzed with FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA, respectively. The results confirmed the esterification reaction between anhydride groups of chelating agents with hydroxyl groups of celluloses due to the apparent peak of the ester group. Heavy metal cations adsorptions were studied in optimum conditions and the residual concentration of heavy metal cations was measured by ICP. These resins showed high adsorption capacities of more than 98 mg/g for Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+. Moreover, the adsorption process was controlled by the ion exchange mechanism. Therefore, the novel cellulose-based ion exchange resins could be suitable for the removal of pollutants from wastewater.
Relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock Theory in Infinite Nuclear Matter
Authors: Ring Peter , Wang Sibo , Zhao Qiang , Meng Jie
Published: September 2021

On the way of a microscopic derivation of covariant density functionals, the first complete solution of the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (RBHF) equations is presented for symmetric nuclear matter. In most of the earlier investigations, theG-matrix is calculated only in the space of positive energy solutions. On the other side, for the solution of the relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) equations, also the elements of this matrix connecting positive and negative energy solutions are required. So far, in the literature, these matrix elements are derived in various approximations. We discuss solutions of the Thompson equation for the full Dirac space and compare the resulting equation of state with those of earlier attempts in this direction.