bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vγ1 and Vγ4 gamma-delta T cells play opposing roles in the immunopathology of traumatic brain injury in males
Authors: Abou-El-Hassan Hadi , Rezende Rafael M. , Izzy Saef , Gabriely Galina , Yahya Taha , Tatematsu Bruna K. , Habashy Karl J. , Lopes Juliana R. , de Oliveira Gislane L. V. , Maghzi Amir-Hadi , Yin Zhuoran , Cox Laura M. , Krishnan Rajesh , Butovsky Oleg , Weiner Howard L.
Published: July 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of TBI. Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells have been shown to affect brain immunopathology in multiple different conditions, however, their role in acute and chronic TBI is largely unknown. Here, we show that γδ T cells affect the pathophysiology of TBI as early as one day and up to one year following injury in a mouse model. TCRδ−/− mice are characterized by reduced inflammation in acute TBI and improved neurocognitive functions in chronic TBI. We find that the Vγ1 and Vγ4 γδ T cell subsets play opposing roles in TBI. Vγ4 γδ T cells infiltrate the brain and secrete IFN-γ and IL-17 that activate microglia and induce neuroinflammation. Vγ1 γδ T cells, however, secrete TGF-β that maintains microglial homeostasis and dampens TBI upon infiltrating the brain. These findings provide new insights on the role of different γδ T cell subsets after brain injury and lay down the principles for the development of targeted γδ T-cell-based therapy for TBI.
Phonemic segmentation of narrative speech in human cerebral cortex
Authors: Gong Xue L. , Huth Alexander G. , Deniz Fatma , Johnson Keith , Gallant Jack L. , Theunissen Frédéric E.
Published: July 2023

Speech processing requires extracting meaning from acoustic patterns using a set of intermediate representations based on a dynamic segmentation of the speech stream. Using whole brain mapping obtained in fMRI, we investigate the locus of cortical phonemic processing not only for single phonemes but also for short combinations made of diphones and triphones. We find that phonemic processing areas are much larger than previously described: they include not only the classical areas in the dorsal superior temporal gyrus but also a larger region in the lateral temporal cortex where diphone features are best represented. These identified phonemic regions overlap with the lexical retrieval region, but we show that short word retrieval is not sufficient to explain the observed responses to diphones. Behavioral studies have shown that phonemic processing and lexical retrieval are intertwined. Here, we also have identified candidate regions within the speech cortical network where this joint processing occurs.
An optimized Nurr1 agonist provides disease-modifying effects in Parkinson’s disease models
Authors: Kim Woori , Tripathi Mohit , Kim Chunhyung , Vardhineni Satyapavan , Cha Young , Kandi Shamseer Kulangara , Feitosa Melissa , Kholiya Rohit , Sah Eric , Thakur Anuj , Kim Yehan , Ko Sanghyeok , Bhatia Kaiya , Manohar Sunny , Kong Young-Bin , Sindhu Gagandeep , Kim Yoon-Seong , Cohen Bruce , Rawat Diwan S. , Kim Kwang-Soo
Published: July 2023

The nuclear receptor, Nurr1, is critical for both the development and maintenance of midbrain dopamine neurons, representing a promising molecular target for Parkinson’s disease (PD). We previously identified three Nurr1 agonists (amodiaquine, chloroquine and glafenine) that share an identical chemical scaffold, 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline (4A7C), suggesting a structure-activity relationship. Herein we report a systematic medicinal chemistry search in which over 570 4A7C-derivatives were generated and characterized. Multiple compounds enhance Nurr1’s transcriptional activity, leading to identification of an optimized, brain-penetrant agonist, 4A7C-301, that exhibits robust neuroprotective effects in vitro. In addition, 4A7C-301 protects midbrain dopamine neurons in the MPTP-induced male mouse model of PD and improves both motor and non-motor olfactory deficits without dyskinesia-like behaviors. Furthermore, 4A7C-301 significantly ameliorates neuropathological abnormalities and improves motor and olfactory dysfunctions in AAV2-mediated α-synuclein-overexpressing male mouse models. These disease-modifying properties of 4A7C-301 may warrant clinical evaluation of this or analogous compounds for the treatment of patients with PD.
Conformational trajectory of allosteric gating of the human cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channel
Authors: Hu Zhengshan , Zheng Xiangdong , Yang Jian
Published: July 2023

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels transduce chemical signals into electrical signals in sensory receptors and neurons. They are activated by cGMP or cAMP, which bind to the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) to open a gate located 50-60 Å away in the central cavity. Structures of closed and open vertebrate CNG channels have been solved, but the conformational landscape of this allosteric gating remains to be elucidated and enriched. Here, we report structures of the cGMP-activated human cone photoreceptor CNGA3/CNGB3 channel in closed, intermediate, pre-open and open states in detergent or lipid nanodisc, all with fully bound cGMP. The pre-open and open states are obtained only in the lipid nanodisc, suggesting a critical role of lipids in tuning the energetic landscape of CNGA3/CNGB3 activation. The different states exhibit subunit-unique, incremental and distinct conformational rearrangements that originate in the CNBD, propagate through the gating ring to the transmembrane domain, and gradually open the S6 cavity gate. Our work illustrates a spatial conformational-change wave of allosteric gating of a vertebrate CNG channel by its natural ligand and provides an expanded framework for studying CNG properties and channelopathy.
Identification of breast lesion through integrated study of gorilla troops optimization and rotation-based learning from MRI images
Authors: Si Tapas , Patra Dipak Kumar , Mallik Saurav , Bandyopadhyay Anjan , Sarkar Achyuth , Qin Hong
Published: July 2023

Breast cancer has emerged as the most life-threatening disease among women around the world. Early detection and treatment of breast cancer are thought to reduce the need for surgery and boost the survival rate. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) segmentation techniques for breast cancer diagnosis are investigated in this article. Kapur’s entropy-based multilevel thresholding is used in this study to determine optimal values for breast DCE-MRI lesion segmentation using Gorilla Troops Optimization (GTO). An improved GTO, is developed by incorporating Rotational opposition based-learning (RBL) into GTO called (GTORBL) and applied it to the same problem. The proposed approaches are tested on 20 patients’ T2 Weighted Sagittal (T2 WS) DCE-MRI 100 slices. The proposed approaches are compared with Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA), Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), Multi-verse Optimization (MVO), Hidden Markov Random Field (HMRF), Improved Markov Random Field (IMRF), and Conventional Markov Random Field (CMRF). The Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), sensitivity, and accuracy of the proposed GTO-based approach is achieved $$87.04\%$$

87.04
%

, $$90.96\%$$

90.96
%

, and $$98.13\%$$

98.13
%

respectively. Another proposed GTORBL-based segmentation method achieves accuracy values of $$99.31\%$$

99.31
%

, sensitivity of $$95.45\%$$

95.45
%

, and DSC of $$91.54\%$$

91.54
%

. The one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey HSD and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test are used to examine the results. Furthermore, Multi-Criteria Decision Making is used to evaluate overall performance focused on sensitivity, accuracy, false-positive rate, precision, specificity, $$F_1$$

F
1

-score, Geometric-Mean, and DSC. According to both quantitative and qualitative findings, the proposed strategies outperform other compared methodologies.
Climate, host and geography shape insect and fungal communities of trees
Authors: Franić Iva , Allan Eric , Prospero Simone , Adamson Kalev , Attorre Fabio , Auger-Rozenberg Marie-Anne , Augustin Sylvie , Avtzis Dimitrios , Baert Wim , Barta Marek , Bauters Kenneth , Bellahirech Amani , Boroń Piotr , Bragança Helena , Brestovanská Tereza , Brurberg May Bente , Burgess Treena , Burokienė Daiva , Cleary Michelle , Corley Juan , Coyle David R. , Csóka György , Černý Karel , Davydenko Kateryna , de Groot Maarten , Diez Julio Javier , Doğmuş Lehtijärvi H. Tugba , Drenkhan Rein , Edwards Jacqueline , Elsafy Mohammed , Eötvös Csaba Béla , Falko Roman , Fan Jianting , Feddern Nina , Fürjes-Mikó Ágnes , Gossner Martin M. , Grad Bartłomiej , Hartmann Martin , Havrdova Ludmila , Kádasi Horáková Miriam , Hrabětová Markéta , Justesen Mathias Just , Kacprzyk Magdalena , Kenis Marc , Kirichenko Natalia , Kovač Marta , Kramarets Volodymyr , Lacković Nikola , Lantschner Maria Victoria , Lazarević Jelena , Leskiv Marianna , Li Hongmei , Madsen Corrie Lynne , Malumphy Chris , Matošević Dinka , Matsiakh Iryna , May Tom W. , Meffert Johan , Migliorini Duccio , Nikolov Christo , O’Hanlon Richard , Oskay Funda , Paap Trudy , Parpan Taras , Piškur Barbara , Ravn Hans Peter , Richard John , Ronse Anne , Roques Alain , Ruffner Beat , Santini Alberto , Sivickis Karolis , Soliani Carolina , Talgø Venche , Tomoshevich Maria , Uimari Anne , Ulyshen Michael , Vettraino Anna Maria , Villari Caterina , Wang Yongjun , Witzell Johanna , Zlatković Milica , Eschen René
Published: July 2023

Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are likely to alter relationships between trees and tree-associated organisms with consequences for forest health. To understand and predict such changes, factors structuring tree-associated communities need to be determined. Here, we analysed the data consisting of records of insects and fungi collected from dormant twigs from 155 tree species at 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries. Generalized dissimilarity models revealed similar relative importance of studied climatic, host-related and geographic factors on differences in tree-associated communities. Mean annual temperature, phylogenetic distance between hosts and geographic distance between locations were the major drivers of dissimilarities. The increasing importance of high temperatures on differences in studied communities indicate that climate change could affect tree-associated organisms directly and indirectly through host range shifts. Insect and fungal communities were more similar between closely related vs. distant hosts suggesting that host range shifts may facilitate the emergence of new pests. Moreover, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance indicating that human-mediated transport may serve as a pathway of the introductions of new pests. The results of this study highlight the need to limit the establishment of tree pests and increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to changes in climate.
Differences in carbonate chemistry up-regulation of long-lived reef-building corals
Authors: Canesi Marine , Douville Eric , Montagna Paolo , Taviani Marco , Stolarski Jarosław , Bordier Louise , Dapoigny Arnaud , Coulibaly Gninwoyo Eric Hermann , Simon Anne-Catherine , Agelou Mathieu , Fin Jonathan , Metzl Nicolas , Iwankow Guillaume , Allemand Denis , Planes Serge , Moulin Clémentine , Lombard Fabien , Bourdin Guillaume , Troublé Romain , Agostini Sylvain , Banaigs Bernard , Boissin Emilie , Boss Emmanuel , Bowler Chris , de Vargas Colomban , Flores Michel , Forcioli Didier , Furla Paola , Gilson Eric , Galand Pierre E. , Pesant Stéphane , Sunagawa Shinichi , Thomas Olivier P. , Vega Thurber Rebecca , Voolstra Christian R. , Wincker Patrick , Zoccola Didier , Reynaud Stéphanie
Published: July 2023

With climate projections questioning the future survival of stony corals and their dominance as tropical reef builders, it is critical to understand the adaptive capacity of corals to ongoing climate change. Biological mediation of the carbonate chemistry of the coral calcifying fluid is a fundamental component for assessing the response of corals to global threats. The Tara Pacific expedition (2016–2018) provided an opportunity to investigate calcification patterns in extant corals throughout the Pacific Ocean. Cores from colonies of the massive Porites and Diploastrea genera were collected from different environments to assess calcification parameters of long-lived reef-building corals. At the basin scale of the Pacific Ocean, we show that both genera systematically up-regulate their calcifying fluid pH and dissolved inorganic carbon to achieve efficient skeletal precipitation. However, while Porites corals increase the aragonite saturation state of the calcifying fluid (Ωcf) at higher temperatures to enhance their calcification capacity, Diploastrea show a steady homeostatic Ωcf across the Pacific temperature gradient. Thus, the extent to which Diploastrea responds to ocean warming and/or acidification is unclear, and it deserves further attention whether this is beneficial or detrimental to future survival of this coral genus.
Annular multi-focal-phase mask multiplexing based large depth of field imaging by interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography
Authors: Liu Chao , Wan Yuhong , Ma Teng , Ma Tian , Man Tianlong
Published: July 2023

Extending depth-of-field (DOF) of the imaging system without modifying the structure and sacrificing imaging performances of the optical system is of great significance to broaden the capability and application of the imaging system. In this paper, the interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography(I-COACH) is developed to be a large-depth incoherent imaging system by employing an annular multi-focal coded phase mask (AM-CPM). Based on the analyses of axial defocus characteristics in I-COACH, the defocus compensation function is defined, the AM-CPM is designed and multiplexed on the system optical pupil, which plays the role of a gradual lens. In AM-CPM, multi-annular zones with different focal lengths are used to compensate different axial defocus aberrations and adjacent annular zones have symmetric axial defocus aberration correction capability according to the imaging characteristics of the system. The simulations and experimental results fully demonstrate that the axial point spread function distribution of the system obtained by AM-CPM is continuous and the development method enables the extension of the DOF of the I-COACH system by only single exposure point spread hologram. This solution is expected to provide great potential in the field of microscopic imaging and other fields of that based on I-COACH system.
A precise estimation for vibrational energies of diatomic molecules using the improved Rosen–Morse potential
Authors: Abu-Shady M. , Khokha E. M.
Published: July 2023

In the context of the generalized fractional derivative, novel solutions to theD-dimensional Schrödinger equation are investigated via the improved Rosen-Morse potential (IRMP). By applying the Pekeris-type approximation to the centrifugal term, the generalized fractional Nikiforov-Uvarov method has been used to derive the analytical formulations of the energy eigenvalues and wave functions in terms of the fractional parameters inD-dimensions. The resulting solutions are employed for a variety of diatomic molecules (DMs), which have numerous uses in many fields of physics. With the use of molecular parameters, the IRMP is utilized to reproduce potential energy curves for numerous DMs. The pure vibrational energy spectra for several DMs are determined using both the fractional and the ordinary forms to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method utilized in this work. As compared to earlier investigations, it has been found that our estimated vibrational energies correspond with the observed Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) data much more closely. Moreover, it is observed that the vibrational energy spectra of different DMs computed in the existence of fractional parameters are superior to those computed in the ordinary case for fitting the observed RKR data. Thus, it may be inferred that fractional order significantly affects the vibrational energy levels of DMs. Both the mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) and average absolute deviation (AAD) are evaluated as the goodness of fit indicators. According to the estimated AAD and MAPD outcomes, the IRMP is an appropriate model for simulating the RKR data for all of the DMs under investigation.
Distance and weightage-based identification of most critical and vulnerable locations of surface water pollution in Kabul river tributaries
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Mahboob Alam M. , Khan Shahbaz , Khan Ilyas , Eldin Sayed M.
Published: July 2023

Water plays a key role in the economic growth of an agricultural country. Pakistan is a farming country that uses almost 90% of its water resources for agriculture. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan has extensive surface water resources. In addition to using groundwater resources for irrigation, large parts of its flat plains are irrigated with the Kabul River surface water. Due to large population growth and unregulated small/local scale industries in the region, surface water quality deteriorates with time, which affects people's health when polluted surface water is used for irrigation purposes. This research investigates the surface water quality of Kabul River's different tributaries. It identifies the most critical and vulnerable locations regarding water quality using the weightage-based identification method and distance-based iteration method, respectively. The Bara River exhibited the most critical location, surpassing the threshold values by a considerable margin in at least seven water quality parameters. The maximum seven critical values determined against the Bara River using the weightage-based method, i.e., 17.5, 5.95, 7.35, 27.65, 1.75, 0.35, and 10.45 for total alkalinity, sodium, total hardness, magnesium, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and turbidity. The Khairabad station, where the Kabul River meets the Indus River, was identified as vulnerable due to elevated levels of total suspended solids, hardness, sulfate, sodium, and magnesium using distance-based methods. The locations, i.e. Adezai, Jindi, Pabbi, and Warsak Dam, appeared critical and vulnerable due to the prevalence of small-scale industries on their bank and high population densities. All the results are finally compared with the interpolated values over the entire region using Kriging interpolation to identify critical and vulnerable areas accurately. The results from the distance and weightage-based methods aligned with the physical reality on the ground further validate the results. The critical and vulnerable locations required immediate attention and preventive measures to address the deteriorating water quality parameters by installing monitoring stations and treatment plants to stop further contamination of the particular parameter.
Smaller Australian raptors have greater urban tolerance
Authors: Headland Taylor , Colombelli-Négrel Diane , Callaghan Corey T. , Sumasgutner Shane C. , Kleindorfer Sonia , Sumasgutner Petra
Published: July 2023

Urbanisation is occurring around the world at a rapid rate and is generally associated with negative impacts on biodiversity at local, regional, and global scales. Examining the behavioural response profiles of wildlife to urbanisation helps differentiate between species that do or do not show adaptive responses to changing landscapes and hence are more or less likely to persist in such environments. Species-specific responses to urbanisation are poorly understood in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere, where most of the published literature is focussed. This is also true for raptors, despite their high diversity and comparably high conservation concern in the Southern Hemisphere, and their critical role within ecosystems as bioindicators of environmental health. Here, we explore this knowledge gap using community science data sourced from eBird to investigate the urban tolerance of 24 Australian raptor species at a continental scale. We integrated eBird data with a global continuous measure of urbanisation, artificial light at night (ALAN), to derive an urban tolerance index, ranking species from positive to negative responses according to their tolerance of urban environments. We then gathered trait data from the published literature to assess whether certain traits (body mass, nest substrate, habitat type, feeding guild, and migratory status) were associated with urban tolerance. Body size was negatively associated with urban tolerance, as smaller raptors had greater urban tolerance than larger raptors. Out of the 24 species analysed, 13 species showed tolerance profiles for urban environments (positive response), and 11 species showed avoidance profiles for urban environments (negative response). The results of this study provide impetus to conserve native habitat and improve urban conditions for larger-bodied raptor species to conserve Australian raptor diversity in an increasingly urbanised world.
Sea cucumbers bioturbation potential outcomes on marine benthic trophic status under different temperature regimes
Authors: Ennas Claudia , Pasquini Viviana , Abyaba Hiba , Addis Pierantonio , Sarà Gianluca , Pusceddu Antonio
Published: July 2023

Eutrophication affects coastal oceans worldwide, modifies primary production and sediment biogeochemistry and, overall, is progressively compromising marine ecosystems’ integrity. Because of their known bioturbation ability, sea cucumbers are supposed to be candidates for mitigating benthic eutrophication. To provide insights on this, we investigated differences in organic matter quantity and biochemical composition (as proxies of benthic trophic status) of sediments and feces of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa acclimated in mesocosms at temperatures comprised between natural conditions (14–26 °C) and an extreme of 29 °C (representing the highest anomaly under heat waves in the Mediterrranean Sea). Organic matter features differed significantly between sediments characterized by different trophic statuses and the holothuroid’s feces, though with some exceptions. Feces resulted almost always organically enriched when compared with the ambient sediments, though with variable differences in composition in sediments characterized by different initial trophic status. Our results point out that sea cucumbers maintain their bioreactor capacity at all experimental temperatures including the (anomalous) highest one, irrespectively of the available food, suggesting that they could be profitably utilized to mitigate benthic eutrophication also in a warmer Mediterranean Sea.
An experimental manipulation of cognitive appraisals in parental burnout
Authors: Woine Aline , Szczygiel Dorota , Roskam Isabelle , Mikolajczak Moïra
Published: July 2023

As it often applies to other mental conditions, one may posit that cognitive appraisals might be causal in the onset and maintenance of parental burnout. Recent studies have indeed highlighted that negative cognitive appraisals are positively associated with parental burnout. Howbeit, none of these studies being experimental in design, it has—thus far—been impossible to establish causality. To shed light on the question, the present study relied on an experimental design where the perception of three known antecedents of parental burnout was manipulated: co-parenting support, emotion regulation and child-rearing practices. 313 French- and English-speaking parents took part in the study which employed a 4 (Condition: control, perceived co-parenting support, perceived emotion regulation, perceived efficacy of child-rearing practices) × 2 (Time: pre- and post-manipulation) mixed-design, with Condition as the between-subject factor and Time as the within-subject factor. Results showed that the experimental manipulation was effective in the “co-parenting support” condition solely and this effective manipulation further yielded a significant effect on the decrease of parental burnout scores, hence suggesting a causative relation between cognitive appraisals and parental burnout. Our results highlight both the complexity of manipulating parents’ cognitive appraisals and the scope for relieving partnered parents from their parental burnout symptoms.
The nutritional profile, mineral content and heavy metal uptake of yellow mealworm reared with supplementation of agricultural sidestreams
Authors: Noyens Isabelle , Schoeters Floris , Van Peer Meggie , Berrens Siebe , Goossens Sarah , Van Miert Sabine
Published: July 2023

Insect farming, a potential approach to deal with the increasing global protein demand, is a new activity in the Western world with many unanswered questions regarding product quality and safety. Insects may fulfill an important role in a circular economy by upcycling biowaste into valuable biomass. About half of the total mass of mealworm feeding substrates exists out of wet feed. This can be sourced from biowaste, increasing the sustainability of insect farming. This paper reports on the nutritional profile of yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, reared with supplementation of organic sidestreams. These included unsold vegetables, potato cuttings, fermented chicory roots and horticultural foliage. The evaluation was performed by analyzing proximate compositions, fatty acid profiles, mineral and heavy metal contents. Mealworms fed with potato cuttings doubled their fat content and increased saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids. Providing fermented chicory roots increased the mineral content and accumulated heavy metals. Additionally, the uptake of minerals by mealworms was selective as only calcium, iron and manganese concentrations increased. Adding vegetable mix or horticultural foliage to the diet did not significantly change the nutritional profile. In conclusion, sidestreams were successfully recycled into protein-rich biomass and their nutrient content and bio-availability influenced the composition of mealworms.
No effects of 1 Hz offline TMS on performance in the stop-signal game
Authors: Friehs Maximilian A. , Siodmiak Julia , Donzallaz Michelle C. , Matzke Dora , Numssen Ole , Frings Christian , Hartwigsen Gesa
Published: July 2023

Stopping an already initiated action is crucial for human everyday behavior and empirical evidence points toward the prefrontal cortex playing a key role in response inhibition. Two regions that have been consistently implicated in response inhibition are the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the more superior region of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The present study investigated the effect of offline 1 Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the right IFG and DLPFC on performance in a gamified stop-signal task (SSG). We hypothesized that perturbing each area would decrease performance in the SSG, albeit with a quantitative difference in the performance decrease after stimulation. After offline TMS, functional short-term reorganization is possible, and the domain-general area (i.e., the right DLPFC) might be able to compensate for the perturbation of the domain-specific area (i.e., the right IFG). Results showed that 1 Hz offline TMS over the right DLPFC and the right IFG at 110% intensity of the resting motor threshold had no effect on performance in the SSG. In fact, evidence in favor of the null hypothesis was found. One intriguing interpretation of this result is that within-network compensation was triggered, canceling out the potential TMS effects as has been suggested in recent theorizing on TMS effects, although the presented results do not unambiguously identify such compensatory mechanisms. Future studies may result in further support for this hypothesis, which is especially important when studying reactive response in complex environments.
In vitro fermentation of glycosaminoglycans from mackerel fish waste and its role in modulating the antioxidant status and gut microbiota of high fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice
Authors: V. Geetha , K. N. Chathur , Ramkumar Smita , Halami Prakash M. , G. Suresh Kumar
Published: July 2023

Bioactive polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) exhibit potential health benefits for several health complications including obesity.
Defect engineering for thermal transport properties of nanocrystalline molybdenum diselenide
Authors: Sabbaghi Soroush , Bazargan Vahid , Hosseinian Ehsan
Published: July 2023

Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) is attracting great attention as a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) due to its unique applications in micro-electronics and beyond.
Redox-responsive nanogels for drug-delivery: thiol–maleimide and thiol–disulfide exchange chemistry as orthogonal tools for fabrication and degradation
Authors: Altinbasak Ismail , Kocak Salli , Sanyal Rana , Sanyal Amitav
Published: July 2023

Redox-responsive nanogels are prepared by exploiting the orthogonal reactivity of thiol–maleimide and thiol–disulfide exchange reactions.
The key role of pretreatment for the one-step and multi-step conversions of European lignocellulosic materials into furan compounds
Authors: Kammoun Maroua , Margellou Antigoni , Toteva Vesislava B. , Aladjadjiyan Anna , Sousa Andreai F. , Luis Santiago V. , Garcia-Verdugo Eduardo , Triantafyllidis Konstantinos S. , Richel Aurore
Published: July 2023

Currently, an awareness of the chemical industry towards the furanic compounds production, renewable molecules alternatives to fossil molecules, which can be transformed into a wide range of chemicals and biopolymers.
Effect of Ga substitution with Al in ZSM-5 zeolite in methanethiol-to-hydrocarbon conversion
Authors: Watanabe Ryo , Oba Natsu , Smith Suchada , Oshima Kazumasa , Kishida Masahiro , Miyake Koji , Nishiyama Norikazu , Verma Priyanka , Fukuhara Choji
Published: July 2023

This figure is an image of the weak acid site in H-[Ga]-ZSM-5 catalyst estimated by DFT calculation.
Trace determination of disinfection by-products in drinking water by cyclic ion chromatography with large-volume direct injection
Authors: Zhu Haibao , Ruan Zheng , Wang Han , Liu Danhua , Tang Hongfang , Wang Jiahong
Published: July 2023

A novel cyclic ion chromatography (IC) system was developed for the simultaneous determination of trace disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water.
Nitrogen Trifluoride Complexes of Group 10 Transition Metals M(NF3) (M = Pd, Pt)
Authors: Deng Guohai , Lu Yan , Stüker Tony , Riedel Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Laser-ablated Pd and Pt atom reactions with nitrogen trifluoride have been performed in excess neon and argon matrices. N-coordination complexes [M(NF3)] were produced and further rearranged to insertion products FNMF2 on subsequent irradiation.
Rapid and selective removal of toxic and radioactive anionic pollutants using an ionic covalent organic framework (iCOF-2)
Authors: Hassan Atikur , Mollah Md Mofizur Rahman , Das Soumen , Das Neeladri
Published: July 2023

The schematic representation of iCOF-2 as an effective adsorbent for trapping of toxic and radioactive species from aqueous solutions.
Metal cation substitution can tune CO2, H2O and CH4 switching pressure in transiently porous coordination networks
Authors: Nikolayenko Varvara I. , Castell Dominic C. , Sensharma Debobroto , Shivanna Mohana , Loots Leigh , Otake Ken-ichi , Kitagawa Susumu , Barbour Leonard J. , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: July 2023

[X-dmp-1-M] (M = Co, Zn and Cd), a family of transiently porous coordination networks, exhibits varied switching behaviour for H20, CO2 and CH4 enabled by metal cation substitution.
Polyphosphate as an antithrombotic target and hemostatic agent
Authors: Chen Ruoyu , Huang Mingdong , Xu Peng
Published: July 2023

Applications of polyphosphate (PolyP) and PolyP inhibitors in biomedicine.
Enhancing the efficiency of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4solar cells by variable-temperature sulfoselenization
Authors: Zhao Yonggang , Xu Congyan , Zhou Zhineng , Chen Yufei , Zhang Ying , Wu Lang , Su Xu , Hu Xinghuan , Wang Shurong
Published: July 2023

A variable-temperature sulfoselenization process is adopted to achieve an efficiency of 11.11% for CZTSSe solar cells.
A dynamic stiffness model for high-speed ball screw pair with the mass center of screw nut considered
Authors: Jin Lan , Li Chunhui , Wang Xiao , Xie Liming
Published: July 2023

The development of accurate dynamic stiffness models is a key aspect in the design process of ball screws. However, variations in the nut center of mass position can affect the dynamic stiffness, which makes it difficult to develop a stiffness model. To address this issue, this paper considers the variation of the nut center of mass position and the approach between the ball screw beam unit stiffness matrix and the nut interface element stiffness matrix. Then, based on Timoshenko beam theory and a concentrated mass parameter method, a dynamic stiffness model for a high-speed ball screw pair considering the variation of the nut center of mass position is developed. Finally, the feasibility of the dynamic stiffness matrix of the high-speed ball screw pairs is verified through the inherent frequencies obtained from experiments and simulations of the ball screw pair in the free state and compared with the classical finite element method to verify the importance of this method and to provide a theoretical basis for its dynamic design and structural optimisation.
Description of Standardized Planes and Angles for Percutaneous Supra-acetabular Screw Placement
Authors: Rüwald Julian , Ploeger Milena Maria , Hischebeth Gunnar T , Tüllmann Mareike , Roos Jonas , Gathen Martin , Kabir Koroush
Published: July 2023

Background Percutaneous screw fixation for pelvic fractures has become a minimally invasive alternative to an open operation. The complex anatomy of the pelvis renders this procedure challenging. The objective of this study was to assess standardized angles and dimensions of safety zones within a 3 D computed tomography model for optimal supra-acetabular screw placement.

Methods Computed tomography scans of 107 patients that suffered major trauma without showing any bone injury of the pelvis were collected. Using a software-based analysis, raw computed tomography data were transformed into 3 D models to set standardized landmarks and determine the possible insertion corridor.

Results Screws not exceeding a length of 97 mm in females and 106.4 mm in males were, in 95% of the evaluated cases, insertable without cortical bone penetration. The safety zone was 6.6 mm for females and 7.9 mm for males. Screws not exceeding these diameters were safely insertable in 95% of the cases. For the midsagittal plane, the angle was 36.4 ± 5.1 on the left and 34.7 ± 2.9 on the right (p = 0.008). For the anterior pelvic plane, the angle was 31.3 ± 4.5° on the left and 34.0 ± 4.8° on the right (p = 0.008).

Conclusions Percutaneous fixation using supra-acetabular screws is a promising method to treat simple supra-acetabular fractures. These results may improve its safe utilization and could facilitate its broader clinical application.
Effect of drought stress and subsequent re-watering on the physiology and nutrition of Pistacia vera and Pistacia atlantica
Authors: Ben Hamed Samouna , Lefi Elkadri , Chaieb Mohamed
Published: July 2023

Arid and semi-arid regions are characterised by extreme conditions including drought stress and salinity. These factors profoundly affect the agricultural sector. The objective of this work is to study the effect of drought and re-watering on leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and mineral nutrition in Pistacia vera and Pistacia atlantica. Water stress was applied to individuals of P. vera and P. atlantica for 23 days, followed by rehydration for 7 days. The results showed a clear reduction in water relations, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll content in P. vera. Compared to P. vera, P. atlantica maintained less affected water status, total chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, stable Zn and Fe proportion, and even elevated K and Cu. The changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter were manifested particularly at the maximal fluorescence (Fm). In contrast, no change was recorded at the minimal fluorescence (F0). After re-hydration, although water status was fully recovered in both species, stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (A) and transpiration rate (E) remain with lower values than the well-watered seedlings. P. atlantica was better adapted to drought stress than P. vera.
Momentum dependence of
mixing in the pion vector form factor and its effect on
*
Authors: Chen Yun-Hua , Qin Meng-Ge
Published: July 2023

The inclusion of the

mixing effect is essential for a precise description of the pion electromagnetic form factor in the

process, which quantifies the two-pion contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of muon

. In this study, we analyze the momentum dependence of

mixing by considering loop contributions at the next-to-leading order in

expansion within the framework of resonance chiral theory. We revisit a previous study [Y. H. Chen, D. L. Yao, and H. Q. Zheng, Commun. Theor. Phys. 69, 1 (2018)] and consider the contribution arising from the kaon mass splitting in the kaon loops and latest experimental data. We perform two types of fits (with momentum-independent or momentum-dependent

mixing amplitude) to describe

and

data within the energy region of 600

900 MeV and decay width of

. Furthermore, we compare their results. Our findings indicate that the momentum-independent and momentum-dependent

mixing schemes provide appropriate descriptions of the data. However, the momentum-dependent scheme exhibits greater self-consistency, considering the reasonable imaginary part of the mixing matrix element

obtained. Regarding the contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon,

, the results obtained from the fits considering the momentum-dependent

mixing amplitude are in good agreement with those obtained without incorporating the momentum dependence of

mixing, within the margin of errors. Furthermore, based on the fitted values of the relevant parameters, we observe that the decay width of

is predominantly influenced by the

mixing effect.
form factors in HQEFT and model independent analysis of relevant semileptonic decays with NP effects*
Authors: Zuo Ya-Bing , Jin Hong-Yao , Tian Jing-Ying , Yi Jia , Gong Han-Yu , Pan Ting-Ting
Published: July 2023

The form factors of

decays into P-wave excited charmed mesons (including

,

,

,

and their strange counterparts, denoted generically as

) are systematically calculated via QCD sum rules in the framework of heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT). We consider contributions up to the next leading order of heavy quark expansion and give all the relevant form factors, including the scalar and tensor ones only relevant for possible new physics effects. The expressions for the form factors in terms of several universal wave functions are derived via heavy quark expansion. These universal functions can be evaluated through QCD sum rules. Then, the numerical results of the form factors are presented. With the form factors given here, a model independent analysis of relevant semileptonic decays

is performed, including the contributions from possible new physics effects. Our predictions for the differential decay widths, branching fractions, and ratios of branching fractions

may be tested in more precise experiments in the future.
Problematising Written Corrective Feedback: A Global Englishes Perspective
Authors: Lee Icy
Published: July 2023

In English as an additional language writing, error correction or error feedback is most commonly referred to as ‘written corrective feedback (WCF)’. The emphasis on ‘correctness’ in ‘WCF’ suggests native-speakerist standards or norms, which are controversial in an increasingly globalized world. In this Forum article, I discuss the problems associated with WCF from a Global Englishes perspective and suggest broadening the notion by removing the ‘corrective’ emphasis to encompass a focus on language use. I then examine the benefits of the broadened perspective on ‘feedback on language use’, which will steer research attention away from a narrow focus on error and standards in writing, with useful pedagogical implications that reflect English as a global language in the 21st century.
The effect of a ketogenic diet on weight loss in CKD: a randomized controlled trial in obese stage G1–3a CKD patients
Authors: Zoccali Carmine , Bellizzi Vincenzo , Minutolo Roberto , Mallamaci Francesca , Conte Giuseppe , De Nicola Luca
Published: July 2023

This study describes a multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of a ketogenic diet with a low-energy standard diet containing 0.8 g/kg/day on weight loss and metabolic alterations in adult patients with mild-to-moderate non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mild-to-severe obesity. The study is being conducted to understand the impact of the ketogenic diet on weight loss in these patients, as the existing evidence on the ketogenic diet's effect in CKD patients is limited and inconclusive. The study will enrol mild-to moderate adult CKD patients (Stages G1–3a) with albumin to creatinine ratio ≥200 mg/g, without diabetes, with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), and stable body weight and estimated glomerular filtration rate from at least 3 months. The primary outcome will be weight loss at 6 months, and secondary outcomes will include adherence to prescribed dietary regimens, body composition changes, changes in standardized blood pressure measurements, metabolic parameters, lipid profile, liver profile, mineral bone disease biomarkers, and changes in renal function and albuminuria. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the potential benefits and risks of the ketogenic diet in CKD patients with obesity. The results will help guide future research on the ketogenic diet and renal health.
Clinical impact of OCT-derived suboptimal stent implantation parameters and definitions
Authors: Romagnoli Enrico , Burzotta Francesco , Vergallo Rocco , Gatto Laura , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Ramazzotti Vito , Biccirè Flavio , Budassi Simone , Trani Carlo , Ali Ziad , Stone Gregg W , Prati Francesco
Published: July 2023

Aims

Despite growing evidence supporting the clinical utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs), there is no common agreement as to the optimal stent implantation parameters that enhance clinical outcome.

Methods and results

We retrospectively examined the predictive accuracy of suboptimal stent implantation definitions proposed from the CLI-OPCI II, ILUMIEN-IV OPTIMAL PCI, and FORZA studies for the long-term risk of device-oriented cardiovascular events (DoCE) in the population of large all-comers CLI-OPCI project. A total of 1020 patients undergoing OCT-guided drug-eluting stent implantation in the CLI-OPCI registry with a median follow-up of 809 (quartiles 414–1376) days constituted the study population. According to CLI-OPCI II, ILUMIEN-IV OPTIMAL PCI, and FORZA criteria, the incidence of suboptimal stent implantation was 31.8%, 58.1%, and 57.8%, respectively. By multivariable Cox analysis, suboptimal stent implantation criteria from the CLI-OPCI II [hazard ratio 2.75 (95% confidence interval 1.88–4.02), P < 0.001] and ILUMIEN-IV OPTIMAL PCI [1.79 (1.18–2.71), P = 0.006] studies, but not FORZA trial [1.11 (0.75–1.63), P = 0.597], were predictive of DoCE. At long-term follow-up, stent edge disease with minimum lumen area <4.5 mm2 [8.17 (5.32–12.53), P < 0.001], stent edge dissection [2.38 (1.33–4.27), P = 0.004], and minimum stent area <4.5 mm2 [1.68 (1.13–2.51), P = 0.011] were the main OCT predictors of DoCE.

Conclusion

The clinical utility of OCT-guided PCI might depend on the metrics adopted to define suboptimal stent implantation. Uncovered disease at the stent border, stent edge dissection, and minimum stent area <4.5 mm2 were the strongest OCT associates of stent failure.
Introduction
Authors: Brousseau Eric , Glachant Jean-Michel
Published: July 2023

This chapter introduces a handbook examining all the stakeholders and players that, in addition to governments and intergovernmental organizations, play a role in the design and establishment of transnational economic regimes. We highlight, first, how the characteristics of the world economy are crucially dependent upon four complementary infrastructures of a market economy that ensure governance of the exchange of goods and services, of financial resources, of information and knowledge, and of social and environmental sustainability. Second, we underscore the diversity of international regimes. Beyond intergovernmental agreements, many processes contribute to the emergence of transnational rules. Some, such as unilateral enforcement, rely on public authorities. Others draw on private ordering. Third, we identify six categories of players: in addition to governments and international organizations, we highlight the role of market intermediaries, transnational corporations, regulators and judges (i.e., public “enforcers” independent of governments), and citizens (at least some active ones).
Postscript
Authors: Brousseau Eric , Glachant Jean-Michel
Published: July 2023

The contributions to this handbook are embracing an actor-centric and dynamic perspective to approach the way the transnational economic order is shaped. They highlight a set of dialectical relationships among alternative patterns of economic governance. First comes the opposition between market and hierarchy. Second is the articulation between private and public governance. Third comes the interplay between regulation and enforcement. Fourth is the contrast between decentralized and centralized adjustment processes. The articulation between organization-supported and interpersonal-network-based governance is the fifth one highlighted. Sixth, the long-term persistence of local pragmatic designs is highlighted. Lastly, the standard hierarchy of norms and authorities is contrasted with a more “biological” approach in which governance insists on the multiple levels and principles of regulation of a complex ecosystem.
Tonality and Key-Finding in Music
Authors: Schmuckler Mark A.
Published: July 2023

In this chapter, the status of work on tonality and key-finding is reviewed, with an emphasis on the nature of models of tonality and of key-finding. This work highlights different general approaches to these topics (e.g., distribution and structural-functional models), the relation between these approaches themselves (e.g., oppositional versus complementary operations), and the differing purposes of modeling tonality and key-finding in the first place (e.g., music-theoretic and psychological frameworks). Finally, tonal and key-finding models are discussed with reference to a series of outstanding “questions” or unresolved issues, and the potential role of a multicomponential view of musical key-finding is considered.
Corpus Formation in Popular Music Scholarship
Authors: Covach John
Published: July 2023

Over the past few years, various datasets have been used to create corpus studies of popular music. Such sets are typically analyzed to reveal characteristics of the music that might not otherwise be possible to observe without the assistance of computer processing. This approach contrasts strikingly with the way scholars have traditionally come to generalizations and observations about musical structure, style, and development in the past. This chapter focuses on corpus formation and argues that meaningful results are most often obtained when the songs included in the dataset or corpus (digital or analog) are determined by context, characteristics, and considerations that best align with the claims being made and not solely by the Billboard charts, frequency of streaming in the recent past, Rolling Stone lists of top songs, or other ready-made lists.