bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium spp. in goat kids
Authors: Dixit A. K. , Dixit Pooja , Rao M.L.V. , Gupta Rohita , Shukla P. C.
Published: September 2018

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium species was done in kids belonging to organised and non-organised goat farms at Jabalpur. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 14.63%. The prevalence was non-significantly higher in male kids (16.16%) as compared to that of female kids (13.21%). Age wise prevalence was higher in kids up to one month age (16.13%) than that of kids upto 3 months age (13.99%). No significant difference was found in prevalence among different breeds and in kids kept in farm or field conditions. The prevalence was non-significantly higher in non-diarrhoeic kids than diarrhoeic kids. Most of the infections were of one score (76.6%). Molecular characterisation by PCR-RFLP of 18S SSU rRNA gene revealed presence of Cryptosporidium parvum species in positive faecal samples.
KAJIAN HADIS-HADIS ETIKA MAKAN DITINJAU DARI ASPEK KESEHATAN
Authors: Smeer Zeid B.
Published: September 2018

Islamic teaching has a lot of meaning and wisdom. There are
no obligation and restriction which has no message, benefit, and wisdom. Some of the benefits and wisdoms have been known and understood, some have not yet. This must motivate each Muslim to continuously study the hidden secret including studying the ritual practices which is for the time being viewed as the Islamic traditions such as the eating ethic. This research intends to know the wisdom
containing in the Hadith of eating ethics taught by the Prophet Muhammad through his message seen from health aspect. This research is library research which initially collecting the Hadith on eating ethic, then, exploring relevant information from classical and modern books dealing with health. Exploring also the textbooks on health and health
practitioners are investigated. The finding is the eating ethic taught by the Prophet Muhammad through his Hadith has a lot of beneficial wisdom and it has been justified by the experts.

 

Ajaran Islam memiliki banyak makna dan kearifan. Tidak ada kewajiban dan pembatasan yang tidak memiliki pesan, manfaat, dan kearifan. Beberapa manfaat dan kearifan telah diketahui dan dipahami, beberapa belum. Ini harus memotivasi setiap Muslim untuk terus mempelajari rahasia tersembunyi termasuk mempelajari praktik ritual yang untuk saat ini dipandang sebagai tradisi Islam seperti etika makan. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui kearifan yang terkandung dalam Hadis makan yaitu etika yang diajarkan oleh Nabi Muhammad melalui pesannya dilihat dari aspek kesehatan. Penelitian ini adalah kajian pustaka yang awalnya mengumpulkan Hadis tentang makan etika, kemudian, mengeksplorasi informasi yang relevan dari buku-buku klasik dan modern yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan. Dieksplorasi juga buku pelajaran tentang kesehatan dan pendapat pakar. Temuannya adalah etika makan yang diajarkan oleh Nabi Muhammad melalui Hadisnya memiliki banyak kearifan yang bermanfaat dan telah dibenarkan oleh para ahli.
DINASTI MAMALIK DI MESIR
Authors: Darmalaksana Wahyudin
Published: September 2018

This paper intends to explore the historical aspect of Mamalik dynasty. It was associated with Daulah Islamiyah in Mesir which lead by slave group (Mamalik) from 13th century up to 16th A.D that became one of unique Islamic political faces. At that time, civil society can form themselves as military power driven by slavers. Retired slavers emerged as political elite and bodyguard of Sultan. Mamalik group divided into two groups. First, Mamalik Bahriyah coming from middle Asia, especially Turkey Qipsaq. Second, Mamalik Burjiyah coming from Sirkasia race in·Kaukasus (East Europe). Historically, Mamalik Dynasty in Mesir classified into three periods. First, the period of Mamalik government formation which was "oligarchy". Second, the period of development in which Mamalik group cooperated with Mogol and Europe country. Third, the period of saturation or the decrease of Mamalik dynasty in Mesir which was caused by the attack of Turkey Utsmani, disease epidemic, and corruption.

 

Makalah ini bermaksud untuk mengeksplorasi aspek historis dinasti Mamalik. Itu terkait dengan Daulah Islamiyah di Mesir yang dipimpin oleh kelompok budak (Mamalik) dari abad ke-13 hingga 16. yang menjadi salah satu wajah politik Islam yang unik. Saat itu, masyarakat dapat membentuk diri mereka sebagai kekuatan militer yang dikendalikan oleh budak.
Mantan budak muncul sebagai elit politik dan pengawal Sultan. Kelompok Mamalik dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Pertama, Mamalik Bahriyah yang berasal dari Asia tengah, terutama Turki Qipsaq. Kedua, Mamalik Burjiyah berasal dari ras Sirkasia di Kaukasia (Timur Eropa). Secara historis, Dinasti Mamalik di Mesir digolongkan ke dalam tiga periode. Pertama, periode pembentukan pemerintahan Mamalik
yang merupakan "oligarki". Kedua, periode perkembangan di mana Kelompok Mamalik bekerja sama dengan Mongolia dan negara Eropa. Ketiga, periode kejenuhan atau penurunan dinasti Mamalik di Mesir yang disebabkan oleh serangan Turki Utsmani, epidemi penyakit, dan korupsi.
Effects of silkworm fiber position on flexural and compressive properties of silk fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Faizah Ariyani , Murdiyanto Dendi , Widyawati Yulita Nur , Dewi Narawidya Laksmi
Published: September 2018

Background: Fiber-reinforced composites represent a combination of fiber-reinforced composite materials. The availability of fiber within dentistry in Indonesia is limited and, therefore, requires lengthy advance ordering. The increasing use of fiber derived from natural materials, such as silk, is of greater concern due to its considerable mechanical strength, biocompatibility and wider availability. The application of fiber will increase the mechanical strength of fiber-reinforced composites, including both flexural and compression strength. One factor affecting the mechanical strength of fiber is the laying of fiber or fiber position. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to establish the influence of silkworm fiber position on both the flexural and compression strength of silk fiber-reinforced composites. Methods: Flexural strength and compression strength tests using a universal testing machine involved the division of the research population into three treatment groups: compression side, neutral side and tension side. Results: The results of data analysis indicated that the tension side group possessed the highest flexural strength (121.42 MPa), while the compression side group demonstrated the highest compression strength (337.65 MPa). A one-way ANOVA analysis test produced a significant result of p = 0.000 (<0.05) both for silkworm fiber position effect and compression strength of silk fiber reinforced composites. Conclusion: The position of silkworm fiber will affect its flexural strength as well as that of the compression of silk fiber-reinforced composites.
Behavior management-based applied behaviour analysis within dental examination of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hidayatullah Taufiqi , Agustiani Hendriati , Setiawan Arlette Suzy
Published: September 2018

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder with three main characteristics: communication disorders, social interaction disorders and repetitive behavior. The main problem faced when treating child patients with this disorder is the difficulty of establishing communication with the result that they are unable to understand instructions. One form of therapy frequently applied in cases of autism is that of applied behavior analysis (ABA). It is easier for children with ASD to absorb information visually. Purpose: The purpose of this study was  to evaluate the effectiveness of ABA-based behavior management using visual media in the form of picture cards for oral examination of children with ASD. Methods: The study design was observational descriptive in nature and the sample selection was based on purposive sampling. The study was conducted by observing changes in childrens’ behavior during treatment administered four times a month. The subjects were 13 children with ASD who met the study criteria and were receiving treatment for autism at Prananda special school in Bandung. The collated data related to changes in subjects’ behavior observed during four meetings assessed on the basis of score 1 confirming compliance with instructions and 0 indicating non-compliance. A Kruskal-Wallis statistical analisysis test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed a general increase in the former over the latter initial behavior during treatment. Statistical analysis showed that the coefficient of Kruskal-Wallis was meaningful in terms of statistical significance with a p-value of 26.947 (<0.05). The multiple comparison value for average ranks was 15.68 (SD 18.69). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the application of a behavior management-based analytical methodology is effective in supporting the oral examination of children with ASD.
Management of chronic traumatic ulcer mimicking oral squamous cell carcinoma on the tongue
Authors: Nelonda Revi , Setiadhi Riani
Published: September 2018

Background: Traumatic ulcers represent the most common oral mucosal lesions that can be differentiated from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by their clinical appearance. From a clinical perspective, OSCC may resemble a chronic traumatic ulcer (CTU) because the base of the CTU that is healing is filled with reddish-pink granulated tissue, similar to that in OSCC. Purpose: The aim of this case report is to provide information about the oral management of a CTU case that imitates OSCC. Case: A 30-year old female presented with a major, painful, non-healing ulcer located on the right lateral of the tongue for the previous two months. Approximately two years before, she had experienced a similar lesion on the tongue. Intra oral examination showed a 10mm x 5mm yellowish ulcer with a fibrous center, erythematous irregular-induration margin and concave yellow base. The 15th, 44th and 47th teeth were sharp and on occlusion caused trauma to the right lateral border of the tongue. Case management: Based on the clinical features, the lesion was imitating OSCC. After a case history review, clinical examination and appropriate investigation, the patient was diagnosed as suffering from a chronic traumatic ulcer. The primary treatment of traumatic ulcers involves eliminating etiological factors. As pharmacological therapy, a mixture of triamcinolone acetonide and 1mg dexamethasone tablet was administered in addition to folic acid and vitamin B12. Conclusion: Clinical presentation of traumatic lesions varies significantly and may, at times, be ambigous. It is important to immediately establish a correct diagnosis and implement prompt treatment of CTU lesions because they play a role at the oral carcinogenesis promotion stage.
Encapsidation of Different Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles by the CCMV Capsid Protein
Authors: Duran-Meza Ana Luisa , Escamilla-Ruiz Martha Itzel , Segovia-Gonzalez Xochitl Fabiola , Villagrana-Escareño Maria Veronica , Vega-Acosta J. Roger , Ruiz-Garcia Jaime
Published: September 2018

Different types of gold nanoparticles have been synthesized that great potential in medical applications such as medical imaging, bio-analytical sensing and photothermal therapy. However, their stability, polydispersity and biocompatibility are major issues of concern. For example, the synthesis of gold nanorods, obtained through the elongated micelle process, produce them with a high positive surface charge that is cytotoxic. While gold nanoshells are unstable and within a few weeks they decompose due to Ostwald ripening. In this work, we report the self-assembly of the capsid protein of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) around spherical gold nanoparticles, gold nanorods and gold nanoshells to form virus-like particles (VLPs). All gold nanoparticles were synthesized or treated to give them a negative surface charge, so they can interact with the positive N-terminus of the capsid protein leading to the formation of the VLPs. To induce the protein self-assembly around the negative gold nanoparticles, we use different pH and ionic strength conditions that were determined from the capsid protein phase diagram. The encapsidation with the viral capsid protein confers them better biocompatibility, stability, monodispersity and a new biological substrate on which one can introduce specific ligands towards particular cells, broadening the possibilities of medical application.
Ancestral Caddo Ceramic Vessels from East Texas Sites Held by the Gila Pueblo Museum from 1933 to 2017
Authors: Perttula Timothy , Stingley Kevin
Published: September 2018

In the summer of 2017, 21 ancestral Caddo ceramic vessels held since 1933 by the Gila Pueblo Museum and then by the Arizona State Museum were returned to the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL). These vessels had not been properly or fully studied and documented when the University of Texas exchanged these vessels, so our purpose in documenting these vessels now is primarily concerned with determining the stylistic (i.e., decorative methods, motifs, and decorative elements) and technological (i.e., vessel form, temper, and vessel size) character of the vessels that are in the collection, and assessing their cultural relationships and stylistic associations, along with their likely age. In 1933, little was known about the cultural and temporal associations of ancestral Caddo ceramic vessels from East Texas, but that has changed considerably since that time.
AS ILUSÕES (E AS TAREFAS) DE (DA) DEMOCRACIA E DE (DA) CIDADANIA – POSSÍVEIS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Souza Iael De
Published: September 2018

Demonstrar os limites da democracia e cidadania burguesas e, por outro lado, como podem servir de meio (jamais sendo um fim) para a radicalização das lutas sociais em prol da emancipação econômica, proporcionando as condições para a maturação da emancipação humana e como, ao longo desse processo de transformação social radical, a educação escolar pode fazer sua contribuição. Essas são questões cruciais que, cada vez mais, devem ser refletidas, debatidas e propagadas a fim de que possamos, efetivamente, fortalecer a perspectiva do trabalho contra a do capital.
ESCRITA E EMOÇÕES NO ENSINO SUPERIOR SEGUNDO UMA ABORDAGEM COMPLEXA
Authors: Gustsack Felipe , Lovato Ana Cristina do Amaral
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar as relações entre a escrita na educação superior e as emoções que configuram o domínio desta ação. Para tanto, apresentamos reflexões a partir de alguns operadores do Paradigma da Complexidade, seguindo aspectos de uma metodologia baseada no círculo hermenêutico (TAYLOR, 1985). Nessa conversação participam, especialmente, Edgar Morin e Humberto Maturana e pensadores como Rafael Echeverría, Walter Benjamin, Jorge Larrosa, Clarice Lispector, entre outros que têm problematizado relações entre linguagem, escrita e aprendizagem. Assim, concebemos a linguagem como fenômeno próprio do devir humano, as emoções como dinâmica biológica e a aprendizagem como um processo “auto-eco-organizativo” que emerge num fluir recursivo e contínuo, provocado pelas interações, na experiência do viver. As conclusões levam a reafirmar a potência de uma abordagem complexa para compreender as relações entre escrita, emoções e aprendizagem no ensino superior. Desse modo, pensamos que nosso estudo contribui nos debates referentes às práticas de escrita, processos formativos e pesquisas em educação.

Palavras-chave: escrita, emoções, ensino superior, complexidade
Separation of reservoir layers based on neuro-fuzzy systems
Authors: Denisov S. V. , Lyalin V. E. , Danilov M. V. , Senilov M. A. , Sultanov R. O.
Published: September 2018

In the article, the application algorithms of neural network methods for determining the lithological composition of a well bore according to logging data are studied by training based on the analysis of the correspondence of logs to the available expert opinion. Specialized algorithms for processing the results of network operation have been developed to increase the information content of a signal produced by a neural network and to increase the reliability of recognition.
The definition of productive reservoirs by the method of fuzzy inference
Authors: Denisov S. V. , Lyalin V. E. , Chernyshev K. S. , Danilov M. V. , Tsepelev V. P.
Published: September 2018

The lithological classification and allocation of reservoirs are based on the difference of physical and geophysical parameters of rocks. Finding the values of physical and geophysical parameters in some ranges makes it possible to predict the lithology of the formation. The class of information systems based on fuzzy logic provides an effective use of existing knowledge about a certain object. This allows to apply fuzzy logic in intelligent systems of interpretation of well geophysical research materials.
FE analysis and experimental determination of a shaft deflection under three-point loading
Authors: Engel Bernd , Al-maeeni Sara Salman Hassan
Published: September 2018

Increasing industrial demand for new products including advanced production technology leads to substantial natural resources consumption. Furthermore, huge environmental pollution and emerging environmental legislation motivate the machine tools industry as one of the major resource consumers on a global scale to develop methods for more sustainable use of the Earth's resources. Machine tools re-engineering concerning design and failure analysis is an approach by which outdated machines are upgraded and restored to like-new machines. To evaluate the mechanical failure of the used machine components and to ensure their reliable future performance, it is essential to make material, design, and surface investigations. In this paper, an experimental approach based on the principle of a three-point bending test is presented to evaluate the shaft elastic behavior under loading. Moreover, finite element analysis and numerical integration method are used to determine the maximum linear deflection and bending stress of the shaft. Subsequently, a comparison between the results is made. In conclusion, it was found that the measured bending deflection and stress were well close to the admissible design values. Therefore, the shaft can be used again in the second life cycle. However, based on previous surface tests conducted, the shaft surface needs re-carburizing and refining treatments to ensure the reliable performance of the surface.
Vibration signal de-noising based on empirical wavelet transform autocorrelation analysis
Authors: Han Jiajia , Jia Jide , Jia Xiangyu , Ren Gang
Published: September 2018

In diesel engine fault diagnosis, non-stationary vibration signal is easily disturbed by strong noise. In view of the shortcomings of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet transform in de-noising, a de-noising method is proposed, which is Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) autocorrelation analysis. Taking advantages of EMD and wavelet transform, the Fourier spectrum is adaptively divided by EWT, and the intrinsic mode components of different frequency are extracted through constructed wavelet filter, and the method can effectively eliminate modal aliasing and solve adaptive problems in wavelet de-noising. At the same time, autocorrelation analysis can make the random noise decay to zero, and the modal components with high frequency random noise are dealt by autocorrelation analysis. The method is used to de-noising and compared the de-noising effect of EWT and EMD. Results show that the method can effectively decompose the intrinsic mode component with less number, and there is no false mode, and the de-noising effect is better than EMD de-noising. The method is feasible and effective in de-noising by vibration signals of diesel engine.
Study of the chewing assistance mechanism in powered robotic dentures
Authors: Araie Toshitake , Ikeda Tomozumi , Nishizawa Uichi , Kakimoto Akira , Toyama Shigeki
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop powered robotic dentures for elderly people without disabilities to assist them with chewing and swallowing. As the first step, a prototype mechanism was developed to realize the two functions of a molar tooth i.e., crushing and grinding. The results of the measurements of chewing values of the prototype, while showing a decreasing trend in crushing by impact, suggested that chewing is more effective with a combination of rotation and occlusal grooves. Moreover, the use of an ultrasonic motor as a driving actuator in the powered robotic denture was also studied.
Elaboration of mathematical model of flight trajectory of material point in atmosphere
Authors: Afanasyev V. A. , Mayshev A. E. , Anisimov K. Yu
Published: September 2018

In the article, the flight trajectory of a material point in the atmosphere is considered. For its calculation the Runge-Kutta method and the system of the equations of external ballistics are used. Moreover, the approximation of the resistance function according to the 1943-year law for subsonic and supersonic speeds is made. The expansion of dependences of the excess above the line of aiming and flight time from the distance in Taylor’s series is implemented. The results of researches are used in solving the direct problem of external ballistics for the definition of trajectory parameters with an increased accuracy.
A procedure for an accurate estimation of the natural frequencies of structures
Authors: Gillich Gilbert-Rainer , Mituletu Ion Cornel , Nedelcu Dorian , Hamat Codruta Oana
Published: September 2018

The paper presents a procedure to precisely estimate the natural frequencies of structures. It implies the acoustic excitation of the structure and the evaluation of the frequencies from the response signals, involving an advanced method developed by the authors. The study is performed on a cantilever beam. To demonstrate the efficiency of the contrived procedure, the values of the frequencies by applying this procedure are compared whit those obtained by standard frequency estimation made for the response to an impulsive excitation.
Measurement of the acoustic absorption coefficient of some local building materials for residential buildings using the Kundt tube method
Authors: Djikou M. Sylvain , Houngan C. Aristide , Anjorin Malahimi , Vianou Antoine , Degan Gérard
Published: September 2018

Sound noise is a major societal problem, whose health, environmental and even economic impact is very important. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), noise is an acoustic phenomenon that produces an uncomfortable hearing sensation. Populations whose buildings are housed in areas at high risk of noise are exposed to multiple diseases resulting from noise pollution. To remedy this, it is important to think of choosing the right materials with higher acoustic absorption coefficient. The materials studied in this article are concrete, mortar, stabilized soil, which are commonly and most used materials in the construction of residential buildings. The present work consists of determining the sound absorption coefficient of each material indexed by the Kundt tube method in order to provide building technicians with the standards to be followed to improve the acoustic comfort of residential buildings. From the results obtained in this paper, it’s obvious sound absorption coefficients peaks in the low frequencies between 100 Hz and 500 Hz for the three materials. These sound absorption coefficients peaks are accented respectively at 0.74 for the stabilized earth; 0.85 for mortar and 0.94 for concrete.
Formulation of effective stiffness for predicting natural frequency of cracked beams
Authors: Chandrashekara C. V. , Suswaram Pavan , J. Dharani , Agarwal Himanshu , S. I. Raj Arjun
Published: September 2018

Present work establishes a new formulation to determine the dynamic characteristics of a cracked beam, where the change in second moment of area is considered. The present formulation considers the shift in the neutral axis of the cracked beam-element, which has been ignored previously. Consequently, an in-depth analysis is conducted to understand the effectiveness of this new approach. The results obtained shows a promising scope for the adoption of the updated formulation for various cross-sections and future research work.
Crank train concept design and balancing of an internal-combustion engine for range extending of an electric vehicle
Authors: Drápal Lubomír , Vopařil Jan , Píštěk Václav
Published: September 2018

This paper presents the motivation for a range extender engine development because in comparison to power train of an electric vehicle equipped only by high-voltage battery, cost and mass saves should be reached depending on required vehicle range. The engine concept is supposed to be based on the cylinder unit of the standard ŠKODA AUTO three-cylinder engine. In order to meet power requirements and demands on costs and simplicity, the in-line two-cylinder layout is chosen for range extender. Six variants of the crank train layout are designed and compared considering mainly their balancing and vibration.
Determination of transmission error in spur gear by numerical approach
Authors: Bartosova Daniela , Otipka Vaclav , Rehak Kamil
Published: September 2018

The problem of transmission error is nowadays a very discussed topic in the field of vibration and noise generation. When tooth designing the numerical simulations can be used to minimize the transmission error, which fundamentally influences the gearbox behavior. For this purpose, a parametric model of straight tooth spur was developed. Subsequently, a calculation approach was used using the finite element method to determine the static error of the transmission at various load states, axial distance variations, and tooth shape elevation modifications. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to find a suitable type of tooth for the given operation conditions.
Protein Structural Class Prediction Based on Distance-related Statistical Features from Graphical Representation of Predicted Secondary Structure
Authors: Kong Liang , Zhang Lichao , Han Xiaodong , Lv Jinfeng
Published: September 2018

Protein structural class prediction is beneficial to protein structure and function analysis. Exploring good feature representation is a key step for this prediction task. Prior works have demonstrated the effectiveness of the secondary structure based feature extraction methods especially for lowsimilarity protein sequences. However, the prediction accuracies still remain limited. To explore the potential of secondary structure information, a novel feature extraction method based on a generalized chaos game representation of predicted secondary structure is proposed. Each protein sequence is converted into a 20-dimensional distance-related statistical feature vector to characterize the distribution of secondary structure elements and segments. The feature vectors are then fed into a support vector machine classifier to predict the protein structural class. Our experiments on three widely used lowsimilarity benchmark datasets (25PDB, 1189 and 640) show that the proposed method achieves superior performance to the state-of-the-art methods. It is anticipated that our method could be extended to other graphical representations of protein sequence and be helpful in future protein research.
Multidimensional Integration Analysis of Autophagy-related Modules in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Zheng , Wang Dong , Xu Jianzhen , Li Yanhui , Wang Hong , Li Jin , Mo Shaowen , Zhang Yuncong , Lin Yunqing , Fan Xiuzhao , Li Enmin , Huang Jian , Fan Huihui , Yi Ying
Published: September 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract occurring in the colon, which mainly divided into adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. However, autophagy is related to the occurrence and development of various kinds of human diseases such as cancer. There is little research on the relationship between CRC and autophagy. Hence, we performed multidimensional integration analysis to systematically explore potential relationship between autophagy and CRC. Based on gene expression datasets of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and protein-protein interactions (PPIs), we first identified 12 autophagy-related modules in COAD using WGCNA. Then, 9 module pairs which with significantly crosstalk were deciphered, a total of 6 functional modules. Autophagy-related genes in these modules were closely related with CRC, emphasizing that the important role of autophagy-related genes in CRC, including PPP2CA and EIF4E, etc. In addition to, by integrating transcription factor (TF)-target and RNA-associated interactions, a regulation network was constructed, in which 42 TFs (including SMAD3 and TP53, etc.) and 20 miRNAs (including miR-20 and miR-30a, etc.) were identified as pivot regulators. Pivot TFs were mainly involved in cell cycle, cell proliferation and pathways in cancer. And pivot miRNAs were demonstrated associated with CRC. It suggests that these pivot regulators might be have an effect on the development of CRC by regulating autophagy. In a word, our results suggested that multidimensional integration strategy provides a novel approach to discover potential relationships between autophagy and CRC, and further improves our understanding of autophagy and tumor in human.
A Novel One-pot Protocol for the Cu-Catalyzed Synthesis of Nine 2-Aminobenzimidazole Derivatives from o-Phenylenediamine and Trichloroacetonitrile
Authors: Nematpour Manijeh , Abedi Elham , Abedi Elahe
Published: September 2018

The synthesis of a variety of 2-aminobenzimidazoles via a one pot reaction of ophenylenediamine
and trichloroacetonitrile catalyzed by copper (II) acetate in THF at room temperature,
with good yields is described. Use of simple and readily available starting materials, good to high
yields, free ligand, and no column chromatography are important features of this protocol.
Virtual Screening and In Silico Simulation Analysis for Rapid and Efficient Identification of Novel Natural GPR40 Agonist
Authors: Nath Virendra , Ahuja Rohini , Kumar Vipin
Published: September 2018

Background:

Diabetes is the foremost health problem worldwide predisposing to increased
mortality and morbidity. The available synthetic drugs have serious side effects and thus, emphasize
further need to develop effective medication therapy. GPR40 represents an interesting target for developing
novel antidiabetic drug. In the current study, searching of potential natural hit candidate as agonist
by using structure based computational approach.

Methods:

The GPR40 agonistic activity of natural compounds was searched by using Maestro through
docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation application. Virtual screening by using IBScreen
library of natural compounds was done and the binding modes of newer natural entity(s) were investigated.
Further, MD studies of the GPR40 complex with the most promising hit found in this study justified
the stability of these complexes.

Results:

The silicone chip-based approach recognized the most capable six hits and the ADME prediction
aided the exploration of their pharmacokinetic potential. In this study, the obtained hit
(ZINC70692253) after the use of exhaustive screening having binding energy -107.501 kcal/mol and
root mean square deviation of hGPR40-ZINC70692253 is around 3.5 Å in 20 ns of simulation.

Conclusion:

Successful application of structure-based computational screening gave a novel candidate
from Natural Product library for diabetes treatment. So, Natural compounds may tend to cure diabetes
with lesser extent of undesirable effects in comparison to synthetic compounds and these novel screened
compounds may show a plausible biological response in the hit to lead finding of drug development
process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the successful application of SBVS to
discover novel natural hit compounds using hGPR40.
Recent Progress in Chemistry of β-Lactams
Authors: Ombito Japheth O. , Singh Girija S.
Published: September 2018

The β-lactams constitute a well-known class of compounds having tremendous biological significance. Besides being a motif of biological interest, they serve as versatile synthons in organic chemistry. In fact, their easy accessibility in the laboratory by several methods combined with inherent reactivity of the β -lactam ring due to ring-strain places it among the most sought for substrate in the arsenal of synthetic organic chemists. Several chemical reagents, heat, and light promote its ring-opening, ring-expansions and rearrangement reactions yielding a wide variety of biologically relevant nitrogen-containing acyclic and heterocyclic compounds. In recent years, the reactivity of differently functionalized β-lactam rings towards diverse kinds of reagents has been investigated. These investigations exploit selective bond cleavage of the β-lactam nucleus via N1-C2, C3- C4, C2-C3 or N1-C4 bond cleavage using simple reagents. The reduction of amide carbonyl group, thionation, and pyrolysis/photolysis have also been explored. These investigations have led to the discovery of many easy synthetic methods for biologically important classes of compounds such as β-amino acids, β-amino esters, amino sugars, amino alcohols, peptides, azetidines, and other heterocyclic compounds. This article discusses the advances made in the studies on the reactivity of β- lactam ring during the last ten years.
Antioxidant Activity In vivo and Ex Vivo of Tautomeric Pair of Polyprenylated Benzophenone - Garcinielliptone FC (Platonia insignis Mart Seeds)
Authors: da Silva Oliveira George Laylson , das Dores Alves de Oliveira Maria , da Conceição Oliveira Prado Maria , de Barros Falcão Ferraz Alexandre , da Silva José Carlos Correia Lima , da Costa Junior Joaquim S. , dos Santos C. L da Silva Ana Paula
Published: September 2018

Background:

Garcinielliptone FC corresponds to a polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol having a benzophenonic core (diphenylmethanone) substituted with isoprenyl(s) group(s) (3-methyl-2-butenyl) and 2-isopropenyl-hex-5-enyl.

Objective:

The present work evaluated the antioxidant activity of garcinielliptone FC (GFC) in vitro against non-biological radicals [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2'-azinobis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+)] and ex vivo against oxidative damage induced by AAPH (2,2'-azobis-2-methylpropionamidine dihydrochloride) and iron/citrate ion in erythrocytes and mitochondria, respectively.

Methods:

In addition to the protective effect, the main biochemical indexes of oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation through the formation of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels.

Results:

According to the results obtained in erythrocytes, the antioxidant results at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 1.5 and 3.0 mM were 26.34 ± 0.68, 43.39 ± 2.17, 62.27 ± 2.17, 86.69 ± 0.47 and 92.89 ± 0.45%, respectively, where GFC reduced the rate of oxidative hemolysis when compared to AAPH (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity observed in erythrocytes was also seen in mitochondria in which GFC reduced mitochondrial swelling by increasing the absorbance when compared to iron/citrate ion complex (p<0.05). In both biological models, GFC had an antioxidant effect on erythrocyte and mitochondrial redox balance when analyzing oxidative stress biomarkers, such as reduction of lipid peroxidation and inhibition of depletion in the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH levels.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, GFC had in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity against oxidative damage induced in erythrocytes and mitochondria acting on the erythrocytic and mitochondrial redox balance.
Thermally Activated Noble Metal Nanoparticles Incorporated in Electrospun Fiber-based Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Fazio Enza , Ridolfo Alessandro , Neri Giulia
Published: September 2018

Background:

Nanosystems based on PEG-PLGA copolymer have attracted increasing interest
in several biomedicine fields, due to their unique properties. Commonly, PEG-PLGA copolymer
was used to formulate nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery applications. Only recently, the engineering
of polymeric nanofibrous membrane able to be use like drug nanocarrier was investigated.

Objective:

The goal of this work is the development of two new drug delivery systems based on
PEGylated-PLGA nanofibrous scaffolds, obtained by electrospinning deposition, simultaneous loaded
with: i) silibinin, a therapeutic agent, ii) Au/Ag and iii) non-toxic Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles. Another
interest aspect of the present work regards how the morphological structure can influence the
drug release which has been fine-tuned by two external stimuli: a light source and a magnetic field.

Methods:

Noble metal nanocolloids were prepared in water by the pulsed laser ablation technique.
The PEG-PLGA@Au/Ag-SLB added with Fe2O3-PVA nanofibers were fabricated by the electrospinning
deposition method.

Results:

The use of “Surface Plasmon Resonance”-mediated localized photothermal effect, determined
by the nanoparticles resonant absorption of visible radiation, allows to these systems to be able
to employ for photothermal drug delivery therapies in proximity of tumor cells. All data obtained
about the fiber scaffolds are compared to NPs based on the same PEG-PLGA copolymer, loaded with
silibinin, Fe2O3 and Au/Ag nanoparticles alternatively. Nanofibers respects to NPs, showed interesting
sustained responsive silibinin release for at least 60 h, without the burst effect. A diffusion-based theoretical
model approach allowed to precisely describe the release mechanism.

Conclusion:

The effective and controlled silibilin drug release, upon application of either light irradiation
or magnetic field for a definite time interval, has been demonstrated. Under the light stimulus, the
fiber-shaped nanosystem reached a cumulative drug release value as high as 70% in the long time. On
the overall, the information obtained could be useful to design suitable “on demand” nanocomposites
in view of a therapeutic treatments protocol that requires a fast pharmacological action.
LC-MS/MS Determination of Evodiamine in Plasma and Its Pharmacokinetics in Rats after Administration in the Form of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Feng Yi , Yin Huanli , Zhao Xue , Wu Min
Published: September 2018

Background:

A sensitive, reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/
MS) method has been developed and applied to detect the evodiamine (EVO) in rat plasma after
animals were given EVO directly. However there is almost no research on the detection of EVO after
animals were given EVO-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (EVO-SLN).

Objective:

In this study, a more sensitive and rapid modified LC-MS/MS method for the quantification
of EVO in rat blood was developed and validated to evaluate the role of SLN in vivo.

Methods:

Plasma samples were taken from animals orally administered EVO-SLN or free EVO, proteins
were extracted using diethyl ether containing the internal standards (IS) arbidol hydrochloride, and
the mixture was fractionated by liquid chromatography. Quantitative detection of EVO was based on
gradient elution in a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% formic acid in water (70:30, v/v).

Results:

The calibration curve was linear (r2>0.999, n=9) over the concentration range from 0.1 to 250
ng/mL. Peaks in triple-quadrupole MS were detected for EVO at m/z 304.2→134.1 and for IS at m/z
479.1→343.0. Mean recovery of EVO was more than 93%. Intra and inter-day precision were within
2.7%. In pharmacokinetics studies, EVO-SLN exhibited much higher bioavailability and absorption
than free EVO.

Conclusion:

The developed method in this work can provide a sensitive, effective and rapid process for
the analysis of EVO in whole blood samples. The pharmacokinetics results suggest that the usefulness
of SLN for improving oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Impurities in the Sterile Mixture of Cefoperazone and Sulbactam
Authors: Ivaturi Ramu , Sastry Thuttagunta Manikya , Sunkara Satyaveni
Published: September 2018

Background:

Cefoperazone Sulbactam injection is a cephalosporin antibiotic with a β-
lactamase inhibitor used in the treatment for intra abdominal infections, Urinary track infections, surgical
infections, etc. The combination is not official in any of the pharmacopeia for their content and impurities
determination.

Introduction:

The present study involves the development of a simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and
stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the quantitative estimation of Cefoperazone Sulbactam mixture
and its impurities in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Methods:

0.005 M Tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide buffer solution pH adjusted to 6.80 and Acetonitrile
combination has been used in a gradient programme with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The retention
time of Cefoperazone and Sulbactam were observed at around 8.5 and 19.5 minutes respectively. The
UV detection was carried out at a wavelength of 230 nm. The chromatographic separation was achieved
using Waters xbridge C18-150*4.6 mm, 3.5 µm HPLC column. The method has been validated according
to the current International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for the method validation
parameters such as Specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, precision, robustness and sensitivity.

Results:

The validation results indicate that the method is specific, as the known impurities and other
impurities formed during the forced degradation studies were not co-eluting with the main components.
Moreover, all these impurities were found to be spectrally pure, proving the stability indicating power
of the method. The linearity and range of the method is in the range of 0.01-150%, highly accurate
(100.2%), precise (<1%) and robust.

Conclusion:

The proposed method was accurate and specific for the quantitative analysis of Cefoperazone
and Sulbactam and their related impurities in the sterile mixture. Hence the proposed method can
be used for the quantification of impurities in routine as well as stability analysis in the development as
well as quality control laboratories.
Food Web Structure Informs Potential Causes of Bimodal Size Structure in a Top Predator
Authors: Searle Peter C. , Verde Joshua A. , Belk Mark C.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Assemblages of fishes in lakes and reservoirs in the western USA are dominated by non-native, large-bodied, piscivorous fishes that lack a shared evolutionary history. Top predators in these crowded systems are often characterized by unstable population dynamics and poor somatic growth rates. One such assemblage is in Fish Lake, located in southern Utah, USA, in which introduced lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush, Walbaum) exhibit a bimodal growth pattern. A few lake trout in Fish Lake grow rapidly to large size typical of the species; whereas, most never grow beyond 600 mm total length.

Objective:

To inform competitive interactions in this evolutionarily novel fish assemblage that might cause the low recruitment to large body size in lake trout, we characterized trophic niche (from stable isotope analysis of C and N) of all fishes in the lake.

Methods:

We used a Bayesian mixing model to describe the trophic niche and infer diet of lake trout and their potential prey, and we used Bayesian ellipse analysis to identify potential areas of high competition within the food web. Large lake trout feed mostly on small lake trout and splake (Salvelinus namaycush, Walbaum x Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill) despite availability of abundant yellow perch. (Perca flavescens, Mitchill). Small lake trout and splake feed mostly on zooplankton and exhibit substantial overlap of their trophic niche implying competition for food. Yellow perch and Utah chub (Gila atraria, Girard; formerly an important food item for lake trout in Fish Lake) exhibit extreme overlap of their trophic niche implying strong competitive interactions.

Results:

Our data suggest that lack of recruitment to large body size in lake trout may result from a reduction in availability of Utah chub resulting from competitive interactions with yellow perch, and increased competition from introduced splake for available prey.

Conclusion:

Management actions that may help ameliorate the poor somatic growth rates of most lake trout include efforts to reduce perch populations or increase vulnerability of perch to predation by lake trout, and removal of splake as a competitor of small lake trout.
Numerical Simulation of Several Parameters of Distribution Uniformity of Tracer Gas in Stope
Authors: Cui Yiyuan , Chang Mingran
Published: September 2018

Tracer gas technology is an effective way to evaluate underground coal mine ventilation system, especially in stope, air leakage from working face to gob can be quickly detected by this method. While tracer gas distribution characteristics may be different with the variation of ventilation parameters, therefore, ascertaining the uniform distributed location as sampling point is essential to improve the measuring accuracy of tracer gas technology. This study conducts simulations of tracer gas distribution in four ventilation models with different parameters, aiming to analyze the effects of gob and height difference between roadway and working face on tracer gas distribution uniformity. The result shows the porous characteristics of gob is not conductive to tracer gas uniform distribution, the height difference between roadway and working face increases the turbulence intensity of airflow and promotes the uniform distribution of tracer gas. In no height difference stope, tracer gas and airflow can be mixed uniformly at 5D of return roadway, but in height difference stope, only 1D is required. Finally, a practical case study is conducted to verify the validity of simulation.
Anti-mitotic Activity of the Benzothiazole-pyrazole Hybrid Derivatives
Authors: Bhat M. , Belagali S.L. , Kumar N.K.H. , Jagannath S.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclics are abundant in natural products and also in synthetic drug molecules because of a variety of applications and superior pharmacological profile action. Pyrazoles are the integral architects of many of the heterocyclic compounds with superior biological activity.

Methods:

Two series of the pyrazole conjugated Benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized. The pyrazoles were synthesized by the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction and then conjugated with benzothiazole hydrazine and hydrazide by imine bond formation. The synthesized compounds were screened for anti-mitotic activity using Allium assay.

Results:

Here, the anti-mitotic activity, the percentage of cell division and the percentage of inhibition compared to the control were calculated. Compound 4b (-OMe), 4c (-OH), 5b (-OMe), 5c (- OH) and 5d (-CH3) had electron donating groups which showed excellent activity, was followed by 4f and 5f where they contain p-Bromo substitution, showing moderate activity.

Conclusion:

In the two series, benzothiazole linked to pyrazole through the hydrazide bridging (5a-5i) had superior to hydrazine bridging (4a-4i). The observed chromosomal aberrations are because of the structural morphology and binding sites of the molecule with the chromosome.