bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humanized childbirth: the values of health professionals in daily obstetric care
Authors: Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Reis Laena Costa dos , Marchiori Giovanna Rosário Soanno , Branco Maria Bertilla Lutterbach Riker
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand health professionals' values in the process of thinking and feeling about obstetric care, based on their experienced needs in the care process. Methods: Phenomenological study based on the Schelerian framework, with 48 health professionals from four maternity hospitals within the Metropolitan Region II of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection was done through a phenomenological interview; and the analysis, with the Ricoeurian methodological framework. Results: The vital value was signified in care centered on physiological processes, for an individualized and safe monitoring. The ethical value was signified in the attitudes that provide women with autonomy in their way of giving birth, and recognize dialogue as a process of sympathy, affection, and bonding. Conclusion: The resignification of obstetric practice, articulated with public policies in the field of delivery and birth, supported by a vital ethical value, positively contributes to the humanization of care for women.
OS DONOS DO SILÊNCIO: A POLÍTICA EXTERNA DO REGIME MILITAR BRASILEIRO E A COMISSÃO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS
Authors: Roriz João
Published: October 2021

Resumo Ao contrário do que parte da literatura sobre política externa afirma, a diplomacia brasileira não passou incólume ao aparato repressor do regime militar. À medida que as críticas e os casos contra a ditadura se avolumavam em fóruns internacionais, a alta cúpula do regime definiu estratégias para lidar com as acusações de violações de direitos humanos. O artigo trata do caso contra o regime militar que tramitou entre 1974 e 1976 na Comissão de Direitos Humanos da ONU. O dossiê preparado pela ONG Anistia Internacional foi a principal ameaça contra o regime brasileiro na ONU e movimentou grandes esforços diplomáticos para seu arquivamento. As principais fontes do texto são documentos do Ministério das Relações Exteriores.
QUIEN PECA Y REZA EMPATA: TENSIÓN ENTRE EL DISCURSO UNIVERSAL Y LAS PRÁCTICAS REGIONALES EN LA IGLESIA CATÓLICA EN RELACIÓN CON EL NEOLIBERALISMO LATINOAMERICANO
Authors: Botero Andrés , Aguirre Javier , Almeyda Juan
Published: October 2021

Resumen El presente trabajo tiene por objeto exponer las tensiones entre el discurso global antineoliberal y las prácticas regionales neoliberales dentro de la iglesia católica en América Latina. Para ello, primeramente, se exponen los principios del neoliberalismo y su aplicación en Latinoamérica a finales del siglo pasado e inicios del presente; en seguida, se muestran algunas prácticas locales a favor del neoliberalismo por parte de la iglesia católica latinoamericana; por último, se presenta el discurso de la Iglesia católica al respecto del neoliberalismo bajo los pontificados de Juan Pablo II, Benedicto XVI y Francisco I. Todo esto permite presentar un contraste entre el discurso global y la práctica local, así como exponer el desacople existente en la actualidad entre el discurso global y el local de la Iglesia católica con respecto al neoliberalismo.
Relações de cuidado junto a pessoas diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo
Authors: Freitas Djalma Francisco Costa Lisboa de , Guimarães Danilo Silva
Published: October 2021

Resumo O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) é descrito pela literatura médica como um transtorno do desenvolvimento que apresenta um quadro sintomatológico crônico que afeta a interação social, a comunicação, os comportamentos e o funcionamento sensorial da pessoa. Propomos uma reflexão acerca das dimensões de cuidado a pessoas diagnosticadas com TEA buscando compreendê-las em relações interdependentes pessoa-cultura. Conduziram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma pessoa diagnosticada com TEA e três pessoas que convivem com pessoas com esse diagnóstico. Os dados foram coletados no Centro Terapêutico-Educacional Potencializar (Cetep), localizado em Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brasil. Conduzimos entrevistas semiestruturadas acerca das relações que os participantes estabelecem ou estabeleciam com o TEA. Nossos resultados e discussões destacam a importância de compreender processos multidirecionais, nos quais as dimensões do cuidado apontam para a responsabilidade dos agentes de cuidado diante de procedimentos adotados nas intervenções dirigidas a pessoas que recebem esse diagnóstico.
Checklist of the ichthyofauna of Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Middle Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil: high richness in a large protected area of Western-Central Amazonia
Authors: Hercos Alexandre Pucci , Oliveira Jonas Alves de , Oliveira Jomara Cavalcante de , Rodrigues Elizabeth Kathleen de Queiroz , Barbosa Rita Louro , Queiroz Helder Lima de
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The present study reviews the records of occurrences of fish species found in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR). The reserve is located in a large section of the middle Solimões River basin, in its interflow with Japurá River. For the elaboration of the list of fish species occurring in Mamirauá Reserve, we used a database of different studies on fish communities carried out in the area over the last three decades, in addition to the material deposited in the ichthyological collections of three scientific institutions, the National Institute for Amazon Research - INPA, the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute - IDSM and the Science and Technology Museum of the Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS. The ichthyofauna of the MSDR is composed of 541 species, encompassing 45 families and 15 orders. These correspond to 20% of all valid species known for the entire Amazonia so far. As observed in other studies in the Neotropical Region, the more represented orders were Siluriformes (209 species) and Characiformes (185 species), followed by the Gymnotiformes (78 species). The results presented here demonstrate a considerable increase (86%) in the knowledge about the fish diversity found in Mamirauá Reserve, in relation to its first list of fish species, published in the 90's. This increase reflects not only the growth in number of studies on fish diversity in the area, with new surveys, but also the continuous taxonomic work on the collections, and descriptions of twenty-eight new species, with one hundred and ten type series. Further surveys are expected to take place in the Northwestern, more isolated areas of the Reserve, and will allow the identification of new occurrences, and may even unveil new fish species yet to be described to Science..
Specialized nursing terminology for the prevention of falls in the elderly in primary care
Authors: Santos Paulo Henrique Fernandes dos , Rodrigues Jordana Penha , Stival Marina Morato , Félix Nuno Damácio de Carvalho , Lima Luciano Ramos de , Funghetto Silvana Schwerz
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to build a specialized nursing terminology for the prevention of falls in the elderly in primary healthcare, based on the ICNP®. Method: this is a methodological study developed in two stages: (1) identification of relevant terms for the prevention of falls in the elderly in official documents; (2) cross mapping of the identified terms with the terms contained in the ICNP® Seven-Axis Model, version 2019/2020. Results: a total of 13,408 terms was extracted from official documents, which were submitted to manual screening, resulting in the inclusion of 391 relevant terms. Cross mapping revealed 283 constant terms (67.8% with level of equivalence 1; 32.2% with level of equivalence 2) and 108 non-constant terms (88.9% with level of equivalence 5; 6.5% with level of equivalence 4; 4.6% with level of equivalence 3). In the set of constant terms, the terms of the Focus (43.1%), Action (26.1%), and Means (13.1%) axes stood out; in non-constant terms there was a predominance of the Focus (38.0%), Means (23.1%), and Judgment (15.7%) axes. Conclusion: we obtained a specialized nursing terminology that will support the development of nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions to contribute to the prevention of falls in the elderly in primary healthcare.
Land-use changes affect the functional structure of stream fish assemblages in the Brazilian Savanna
Authors: Alvarenga Ludmilla R. P. , Pompeu Paulo S. , Leal Cecília G. , Hughes Robert M. , Fagundes Daniela C. , Leitão Rafael P.
Published: October 2021

Abstract We investigated the mechanisms involved in the relationship between land-use changes and aquatic biodiversity, using stream fish assemblages of the Brazilian Savanna (i.e., Cerrado) as a study model. We tested the prediction that landscape degradation would decrease environmental heterogeneity and change predominant physical-habitat types, which in turn would decrease the functional diversity and alter the functional identity of fish assemblages. We sampled fish from 40 streams in the Upper Paraná River basin, and assessed catchment and instream conditions. We then conducted an ecomorphological analysis to functionally characterize all species (36) and quantify different facets of the functional structure of assemblages. We detected multiple pathways of the impacts from landscape changes on the fish assemblages. Catchment degradation reduced the stream-bed complexity and the heterogeneity of canopy shading, decreasing assemblage functional specialization and divergence. Landscape changes also reduced the water volume and the amount of large rocks in streams, resulting in decreased abundances of species with large bodies and with morphological traits that favor swimming in the water column. We conclude that land-use intensification caused significant changes in aquatic biodiversity in the Cerrado, reinforcing the need to pay special attention to this global hotspot.
Human impacts and the loss of Neotropical freshwater fish diversity
Authors: Pelicice Fernando M. , Bialetzki Andréa , Camelier Priscila , Carvalho Fernando R. , García-Berthou Emili , Pompeu Paulo S. , Mello Franco Teixeira de , Pavanelli Carla S.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Neotropical Ichthyology promotes the Special Issue (SI) “Human impacts and the loss of Neotropical freshwater fish diversity” with the purpose of publishing relevant scientific articles on the current biodiversity crisis and the loss of Neotropical freshwater fishes in the Anthropocene. The SI is composed of 22 publications, being two review articles and 20 original articles. A total of 107 researchers contributed to these papers, involving 44 institutions based in Brazil and six other countries. Published articles investigated main anthropic activities and their impacts on fish diversity, with special focus on river regulation, mining, land use changes, aquaculture, and fisheries. Studies provided evidence about the loss of fish diversity in the Neotropics, including fish kill events, demographic changes, contamination, changes in assemblage structure, loss of taxonomic and functional diversity, besides the degradation of ecosystem functions and services, and the lack of effective protection and conservation. Studies were conducted in rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs from different Neotropical systems. The studies published in this SI represent a relevant sample of the current worrisome situation of freshwater fishes in the Neotropical region and call for urgent revision in environmental policies, management and conservation initiatives, and socioeconomic priorities.
Generation of Distal Renal Segments Involves a Unique Population of Aqp2+ Progenitor Cells
Authors: Gao Chao , Chen Lihe , Chen Enuo , Tsilosani Akaki , Xia Yang , Zhang Wenzheng
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement

Renal progenitor cells could become critical for regenerative medicine and reveal mechanisms of pathology. Understanding their role in development may help kidney organoid generation. The identity of the progenitors of the distal renal segments, however, remains mysterious. We identify a unique subset of Aqp2+ cells through Aqp2Cre- and Aqp2ECE/+
-based lineage tracing in mice as the progenitors. Unlike regular principal cells and intercalated cells, the progenitors coexpress Aqp2 and V-ATPase subunits B1 and B2, and they are clonogenic, multipotent, and self-renew, generating DCT2, CNT1, CNT2, and CD cells. We demonstrate (1) high fidelity of both models; (2) the common origin and molecular identity of DCT2, CNT1, CNT2, and CD segments; and (3) a unique population of Aqp2+ cells functioning as progenitors.

Background

Progenitor cells have clonogenicity, self-renewal, and multipotential capacity, and they can generate multiple types of cells during development. Evidence demonstrating the existence of such progenitor cells for renal distal segments is lacking.

Methods

To identify Aqp2+ progenitor (AP) cells, we performed in vivo lineage tracing using both constitutive (Aqp2Cre RFP/+) and Tamoxifen-inducible (Aqp2ECE/+ RFP/+, Aqp2ECE/+ Brainbow/+, and Aqp2ECE/+ Brainbow/Brainbow) mouse models. Aqp2Cre RFP/+ mice were analyzed from E14.5 to adult stage. The inducible models were induced at P1 and examined at P3 and P42, respectively. Multiple segment- or cell-specific markers were used for high-resolution immunofluorescence confocal microscopy analyses to identify the cell types derived from Aqp2+ cells.

Results

Both Aqp2Cre and Aqp2ECE/+
faithfully indicate the activation of the endogenous Aqp2 promoter for lineage tracing. A subset of Aqp2+ cells behaves as potential AP. Aqp2Cre-based lineage tracing revealed that embryonic APs generate five types of cells, which form the late distal convoluted tubule (DCT2), connecting tubule segments 1 and 2 (CNT1 and CNT2, respectively), and collecting ducts (CDs). The α- and β-intercalated cells were apparently derived from embryonic AP in a stepwise manner. Aqp2ECE/+
-based lineage tracing identified cells coexpressing Aqp2 and V-ATPase subunits B1 and B2 as the potential AP. Neonate APs generate daughter cells either inheriting their property (self-renewal) or evolving into various DCT2, CNT, or CD cells (multipotentiality), forming single cell-derived multiple-cell clones (clonogenicity) during development.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that unique Aqp2+ B1B2+ cells are the potential APs to generate DCT2, CNT, CNT2, and CD segments.
The perception of word stress cues in Papuan Malay: A typological perspective and experimental investigation
Authors: Kaland Constantijn
Published: October 2021

Analyses of word prosody have shown that in some Indonesian languages listeners do not make use of word stress cues. The outcomes have contributed to the conclusion that these languages do not have word stress. The current study revisits this conclusion and investigates to what extent speakers of Papuan Malay, a language of Eastern Indonesia, use suprasegmental stress cues to recognize words. Acoustically, this language exhibits predictable word level prominence patterns, which could facilitate word recognition. However, the literature lacks a crucial perceptual verification, and related languages in the Trade Malay family have been analyzed as stressless. This could be indicative of either regional variation or different criteria to diagnose word stress. To investigate this issue, the current study reviews the literature on which criteria were decisive to diagnose (the absence of) word stress in Indonesian and Trade Malay. An acoustic analysis and a gating task investigate the usefulness of Papuan Malay stress cues for word recognition. Results show that Papuan Malay listeners are indeed able to use suprasegmental stress cues to identify words. The outcomes are discussed in a typological perspective to shed light on how production and perception studies contribute to stress diagnosis cross-linguistically.
Tefsir Anlayışı Ve Dinî Düşünce Yapısı Yönüyle Çağdaş Bir Kur’ân Mütefekkiri: Ismayıl Hakkı Baltacıoğlu
Authors: Kanik İsa
Published: October 2021

Ismayıl Hakkı Baltacıoğlu (öl. 1978) yakın dönem çağdaş Kur’ân mütefekkirlerinden biridir. Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet dönemlerinin siyasi ve sosyal çalkantılarla dolu evrelerinde yaşaması onu çok yönlü bir kişiliğe sahip kılmıştır. Reformist, ıslahatçı ve yenilikçi bir temayüle sahiptir. Tahsil hayatı ve farklı ülkeleri dolaşması neticesinde edebiyat, felsefe, sanat, dil, din ve sosyoloji alanlarında eserler veren Baltacıoğlu’nun en önemli yönlerinden biri de Kur’ân düşüncesi ve tefsire yaklaşımıdır. Baltacıoğlu’nun Kur’ân’ı baştan sona tefsir eden herhangi bir eseri bulunmamaktadır. “Büyük Tefsir” adlı eserinde ise Kur’ân’ın nasıl anlaşılması gerektiğine yönelik kendine özgü yaklaşım örneklerine yer vermektedir. Baltacıoğlu belirli bir konudaki Kur’ân âyetlerinin sınıflandırılarak tümel bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmesinin onun doğru anlaşılmasında önemli bir metot olduğunu düşünmektedir. Gerek kaleme aldığı Kur’ân çevirisinde gerekse mezkûr eserinde bu yöntemin yansımalarını görmek mümkündür. Tefsire yaklaşımı ve düşünce yapısı bakımından farklı tefsir ekolleri içerisinde değerlendirilebilecek bir kişidir. Daha çok eğitim anlayışı açısından araştırılan Baltacıoğlu bazı sosyolojik tahlil ve tespitleriyle de öne çıkmaktadır. Kendisi dinin, milleti millet yapan önemli değerlerden biri olduğuna inanmaktadır. Dinin doğru anlaşılması ve öğrenilmesi maksadıyla da çeviri/meali ve söz konusu eserini yazmıştır. Yazdığı meal ile ilgili akademik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmamızda “Büyük Tefsir” adlı eseri bağlamında hayatı, ilmî kişiliği, tefsir anlayışı ve Kur’ân’a bakış açısı bakımından Baltacıoğlu’nun tanınması amaçlanmaktadır.
Living Together as Neighbours: Rethinking the Reasonableness Standard in Nuisance Law Under the Constitution
Authors: Kotzé Tina , Boggenpoel Zsa-Zsa
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic, with its concomitant "stay at home" catchphrase, has certainly made living together as neighbours in a constitutional dispensation more tangible. Conflicts between neighbours will inevitably increase, especially in a time when citizens from different social, cultural, customary or religious backgrounds and with different rights and interests are restricted to the boundaries of their properties as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic has provided us with the impetus to reflect upon the notion of "reasonableness" in neighbour law, particularly nuisance law in the narrow sense. In this context the role of neighbour law is ordinarily to regulate the relationship between neighbours. Therefore, neighbour law is crucial in that it resolves conflicts that arise between neighbours due to their everyday use of their properties.
Whether the nuisance is objectively reasonable or goes beyond that which can be reasonably tolerable under the circumstances requires weighing up various factors dependant on the prevailing circumstances, rights, interests, values and obligations of the neighbours and the community. In the constitutional dispensation, based on the values of human dignity, equality, and freedom, this may inadvertently require courts to balance out and reconcile often opposing constitutional rights. To this end the underlying principle of nuisance law encapsulated in the phrases "give and take" and "live and let live" arguably already encapsulates the notion of balancing respective rights (constitutional or otherwise) and interests given the context of each case.
However, courts do not always correctly apply the reasonableness test in a principled and coherent fashion, as illustrated in Ellaurie v Madrasah Taleemuddeen Islamic Institute 2021 2 SA 163 (KZD). This may lead to the conclusion that constitutional rights are ignored when the reasonableness test for nuisance law is applied. It is necessary to reconceptualise the reasonableness test in order to ensure that the common law is infused with constitutional values. There are numerous ways in which the ideals and values of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (and even specific constitutional rights other than property rights) could be advanced if courts were more willing (not being held back by conservatism) and able (equipped with the necessary vocabulary) to apply the common law in line with the Constitution. It is pivotal that courts apply the reasonableness test correctly, considering all the relevant circumstances of the case, including the broader constitutional values and ideals such as ubuntu. It is arguable that if this were done, nuisance law would have a greater potential to incorporate a wider range of rights, interests and values so that the outcomes would be fairer and more equitable, which is, after all, the goal of the reasonableness standard in neighbour law.
Development and validation a novel preoperative comprehensive prognostic score based on inflammatory and nutritional score, coagulation indicator and tumor marker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Feng Jifeng , Wang Liang , Yang Xun , Chen Qixun
Published: October 2021

We herein propose a novel integrative score based on inflammatory and nutritional score, coagulation indicator and tumor marker, named comprehensive prognostic score (CPS), to predict postoperative survival in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We also aimed to establish and validate a nomogram based on CPS and other clinical features for individual survival prediction. A total of 490 resectable ESCC patients were randomly divided into either a training or validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3 for retrospective analysis. The CPS, based on squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and fibrinogen (FIB), was divided into two models to verify its prognostic value. The predictive model of CPS-based nomogram was established and validated in two cohorts. Patients with CPS low group in model 1 had better 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) than those in CPS high group (50.7% vs. 17.8%, P<0.001). For model 2, the 5-year CSS for CPS 0, 1 and 2 were 75.0%, 38.9% and 13.3%, respectively (P<0.001). CPS was confirmed as an independent prognostic score in both models. The CPS-based nomogram can accurately and effectively predict survival in resected ESCC. The CPS is a novel, simple, and effective predictor in resectable ESCC. Moreover, CPS has a potential independent prognostic value in predicting postoperative survival, which can accurately and effectively predict individual survival in resectable ESCC.
Cyanobacteria Total Lipid Extraction from Polycarbonate Filters v1
Authors: Martin Robbie
Published: October 2021

This protocol is designed/used for extraction of total cellular lipids from cyanobacteria samples (either lab cultures or field samples) collected on polycarbonate filters for use in lipid analysis and quantification via mass spectrometry. Please contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) or Robbie M. Martin (rmarti49@vols.utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol. Modified from Guan, X. L., Riezman, I., Wenk, M. R., & Riezman, H. (2010). Yeast lipid analysis and quantification by mass spectrometry. Methods in Enzymology, 470, 369-391.
ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA, FÍSICO-QUÍMICA, SENSORIAL E DA ROTULAGEM DE MANTEIGA DE GARRAFA COMERCIALIZADA EM ARACAJU – SE
Authors: Silva Patrícia Aragão , Barbosa João Batista , De Oliveira Pinto Cláudia Lúcia , Talma Simone Vilela
Published: October 2021

A manteiga de garrafa é tradicionalmente produzida na região nordeste do Brasil. Entretanto, a conformidade do produto com os padrões de identidade e qualidade constitui um dos entraves da cadeia produtiva. Desta forma, o nosso objetivo foi realizar um diagnóstico da qualidade e da rotulagem de manteiga de garrafa comercializada no mercado municipal de Aracaju, SE. Amostras indicativas de três procedências foram submetidas a avaliações microbiológicas, físico-químicas, colorimétrica, sensorial e de rotulagem no IFS, Campus Glória. Todas as amostras atenderam os padrões legais para coliformes termotolerantes e acidez. Entretanto, apresentaram inconformidades quanto aos teores de gordura e de umidade. Por meio da análise sensorial constatou-se baixo grau de aceitação associado aos atributos viscosidade e sabor com escore médio de 5,6 e 5,9, respectivamente. Porém, a baixa aceitação não afetou a impressão global das amostras as quais obtiveram escore médio acima de 6,0 com base na escala hedônica, sendo a maior nota observada para o atributo cor (6,8). Todas as amostras estavam em desacordo com as exigências legais de rotulagem. Considerando que a manteiga de garrafa é um produto artesanal muito usada para elaboração de comidas típicas da região Nordeste, há necessidade de ações, por parte dos órgãos de regulamentação, voltadas para a orientações técnicas dos processadores para fins de adequação e padronização da tecnologia de fabricação. Ressalta-se também que os resultados podem servir de alerta para uma melhor inspeção do produto pelos órgãos competentes para garantir o acesso dos consumidores a um produto dentro dos padrões de segurança alimentar.
MANGANÊS NA DENTIÇÃO DECÍDUA DE ESCOLARES E DIFERENTES ASPECTOS DE EXPOSIÇÃO AMBIENTAL E HÁBITOS DE VIDA
Authors: Fleury Leandro Germano da Silva , Ramos Grasieli de Oliveira , Mantovani Analu , Carvalho Diego , Remor Aline Pertile
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O Manganês (Mn) é classificado como um elemento essencial e é essencial para o funcionamento de muitos processos fisiológicos. No entanto, em altas concentrações ou devido à exposição ambiental excessiva, pode vir a causar neurotoxicidade. Muitos agrotóxicos podem ser uma importante fonte desta toxicidade, visto que muitos deles contêm Mn em suas formulações. Neste cenário, torna-se de suma importância determinar o impacto desta substância na saúde humana, já que pesticidas são amplamente utilizados no Brasil e no mundo. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou mensurar a quantidade de metais, Mn e Ferro (Fe), na dentição decídua de escolares em uma região de Santa Catarina/Brasil e a possível relação com diferentes aspectos de exposição ambiental e hábitos de vida. Metodologia: Foram coletados os dentes decíduos de escolares com faixa etária entre 6 e 12 anos, e mensuradas as concentrações dos metais Mn e Fe através de espectrometria de absorção atômica. Foram incluídos no estudo, indivíduos residentes nas zonas rural e urbana de sete municípios. Além disso, foram coletadas informações qualitativas a respeito de hábitos de vida e exposição ambiental através de questionário aplicado. Resultados: Os resultados do estudo mostraram que não houve diferenças significativas dos níveis dos metais em relação às variáveis analisadas no estudo, como entre os sexos, as zonas de residência, a origem dos alimentos e da água. Conclusão: De acordo com os dados obtidos, pode-se concluir que as concentrações encontradas de Mn não apresentaram relação com os aspectos de exposição ambiental e hábitos de vida, na amostra estudada.
ANALISE CINEMATOGRÁFICA DO FILME “ASSASSINOS POR NATUREZA” SOB A ÓTICA DA TEORIA SOCIAL COGNITIVA
Authors: Pereira Lopes Andressa , Rios Cabral Victal Vilma Janaína , Tenório de Aguiar Bianca
Published: October 2021

O comportamento transgressor, segundo a Teoria Social Cognitiva (TSC) de Bandura, é regido tanto por sanções sociais quanto por auto-sanções. Portanto, uma mídia pode estimulá-lo: alterando a expectativa de sanção social favorecendo a modelação e desativando padrões morais internalizados – por desengajamento moral (DM). Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar o filme “Assassinos por Natureza” (1994) de Oliver Stone, com base na Teoria Social Cognitiva. Foi realizada pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Dessa forma, foram encontrados registros de aproximadamente 100 crimes inspirados no filme. Encontrou-se ainda no filme fatores que proporcionam a modelação e mecanismos de DM. Sugere-se que a TSC pode ajudar na classificação etária de mídias e subsidiar políticas públicas.
The opportunities and threats of the omnichannel in terms of the logistical challenges of the furniture industry
Authors: Sann M. , Siegfried P.
Published: October 2021

Both retail stores and online pure player are in a state of flux as a result of increasing digitalization and the influence of dynamically changing trends. In particular, an adaptive behavior to the present developments is required from the furniture industry. The information age poses new challenges for retail companies. Due to the intensification of the market and the competitive landscapes and the changes in consumer behavior with regard to the required merging of purchasing channels, a rethinking is required and necessary. For today’s consumer, there is the possibility of a new presence and subsequent implementation of a constant critical examination of commercial enterprises. Thus, a requirement of the company of the consumer in each phase of the purchase process and a completely new transparency develops. Finally, a general simultaneous behavior towards the consumer is required. In addition, current circumstances such as the Covid-19-pandemic make this necessity more urgent. The omnichannel strategy and its establishment holds opportunities and threats for the furniture industry, especially with regard to logistical challenges. These must be recognized, exploited and remedied.
Spelling and pronunciation of words with a foreign part ex-
Authors: Dyka L. V.
Published: October 2021

The article on the material of online publications considers a new rule of Ukrainian spelling on writing words with the prefixoid ex-. The material of the research showed that the mass media welcomed the introduction of a new rule on writing common names with ex-, as evidenced by a large number of innovations. Neologisms with the ex- component most often appear in the headlines of news items. Their number is constantly increasing. Obviously, the productivity of this type of word-formation comes from the need to save “newspaper space” in order to convey the content of the message as compactly and concisely as possible. The analysis of more than 100 units allowed us to conclude that many innovations do not correspond to the nature of the Ukrainian language, its melodiousness, the structure of phonemic chains, the rules of composition, accentuation, etc. The absence of a hyphen in the new words, which used to be a kind of marker between the prefixoid and the root, leads to the unrecognizability of a word, misreading and, consequently, unwanted homonymy (експрессекретар, експре- саташе). Due to the spelling of common names with ex- without a hyphen, the number of words with the accumulation of consonants and their uncharacteristic for the Ukrainian language combination increased. This makes them difficult to pronounce. From the point of view of the structure of the Ukrainian language, its melodiousness words like ексчленкиня, ексміськголова, екстопменеджер are unacceptable. All this gives grounds to conclude that the rule of writing common names with extogether needs to be revised. Moreover, there are exceptions to this rule, which envisage writing ex- with proper names and abbreviations with a hyphen. Returning to the old norm will uniformize the spelling of all words with ex- and reduce the number of exceptions in spelling.
A questionnaire-based knowledge, attitude and practice study to determine the awareness of pharmacovigilance among the health care professionals in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal
Authors: Bhadury Anuran , Mukhopadhyay Olivia , Sarkar Saswati
Published: October 2021

Background: Pharmacovigilance programs have been introduced to keep an eye on adverse drug reactions and safe use of drugs. All Healthcare professionals (HCPs) should report each and every adverse events which they come across. Pharmacovigilance programme of India is running actively since 2010 but India contributes only 2% of Adverse drug reactions (ADR’s) reported worldwide. There is need to monitor awareness of HCP’s about pharmacovigilance to achieve the goals. Such studies from peripheries of Eastern India are lacking. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice and overall awareness among HCP’s about pharmacovigilance and to understand actual barriers of ADR reporting.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was done in Burdwan Medical College and Hospital. Ninety-nine HCP’s completed the pre-designed questionnaire. There were 15 questions to assess the awareness and cause(s) of underreporting. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical software.Results: We analysed data of 67 doctors and 32 nurses. We found, 67.2% doctors and 59.4% nurses knew definition of pharmacovigilance. About half HCP’s had knowledge about existing pharmacovigilance committee in our hospital. Almost all HCP’s felt ADR reporting is necessary. Surprisingly 88.1% doctors and 46.9% nurses experienced ADR at least once but 25.4% and 3.1% reported them respectively. For knowledge and practice related questions, correct responses were significantly higher for doctors. Most common discouraging factors regarding ADR reporting were, didn’t know how to report (52.5%) where to report (41.4%).Conclusions: Attitude of HCP’s towards pharmacovigilance activities was appreciable and combining it with periodic sensitizing programs, and training sessions will increase the knowledge, clear doubts about ADR reporting and improve the awareness about pharmacovigilance.
Incorporation of Innovative Mechanisms for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction
Authors: Anand Krishna , Raman Sundara
Published: October 2021

Spiraling continued increase in Emission of Green House Gases [GHG] play a significant role in impacting the environment and also human beings at large. Although recent studies have concentrated to an extent on developing schemes for reduction of Carbon dioxide emission and have identified methodologies in implementing the same, sufficient amount of studies have not been done on other greenhouse gases which also have adverse global impact as Carbon dioxide. Applications where methane and, nitrous oxide are emitted in abundance have continued to flourish. This work focuses on select methodologies in reducing all types of Greenhouse gases giving a larger amount of importance to ones which are more severe and the ones that cause depletion of ozone layer. Research findings have shown that majority of greenhouse gas emissions occur as a result of industry advances. Hence, as time is running out, there is an urgent need in identifying ways to mitigate these GHG emissions, thereby contributing to cleaner and healthier environment.
Exploratory Data Analysis of Community Behavior Towards the Generation of Solid Waste Using K-Means and Social Indicators
Authors: Izquierdo-Horna Luis , Zevallos José , Damazo Miker , Yanayaco Deyvis
Published: October 2021

In Peru, solid waste accumulation has been constant for decades and impacts 72% of local governments, affecting 42% of the population. These numbers show new tools are required to better understand this phenomenon and develop appropriate mitigation methods. In this light, this research proposes an exploratory analysis of the study population against the accumulation of solid waste. For this, the study proposes the segmentation of a specific population through a set of social indicators grouped into three categories of analysis (i.e., sociocultural, sociodemographic, and socioeconomic) and, in turn, assess the geographic proximity between each group of people segmented according to the parameters used for this study, and the informal points of accumulation of MSW. To segment the study population, an unsupervised classification model (i.e., K-means) was used. For methodological purposes, the Puente Piedra district was chosen as a case study. The results show that the predominant population is framed between the ages of 36 to 45, with an intermediate educational level (i.e., secondary school) and an approximate monthly income of $ 300. In addition, the predominant family structure includes up to four members living in the same household. Finally, it is observed that the behavior of people who live close as neighbors is similar and is also related to the geographic location of the dumps.
Sustainability Indicators for Community Enterprises Producing Renewable Energy in Thailand
Authors: Rungcharoennan Yaowanart , Phoochinda Wisakha
Published: October 2021

This study aims to propose sustainability indicators for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand by applying the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) as a conceptual framework. The literature review, a survey of the community enterprise producing renewable energy, and the assessment by eighteen experts and academics were able to summarize nineteen sustainability indicators for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand which could be divided into six perspectives: (1) financial perspective of three indicators (2) stakeholder perspective of three indicators (3) internal process perspective of five indicators (4) learning and growth perspective of two indicators (5) social perspective of two indicators (6) environmental perspective of four indicators. Community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand can use these sustainability indicators to set their operational goals or management plans. In addition, government sector and related agencies are able to use the sustainability indicators as guidelines for the formulation of appropriate policies or measures to jointly develop and support community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand to self-reliance and achieve more sustainable success, affect strengthening the grassroots economy, reducing the negative social and environmental impacts of non-renewable energy production and use, increasing energy security.
Optical vortices with an infinite number of screw dislocations
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kovalev A.A. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: October 2021

In optical data transmission with using vortex laser beams, data can be encoded by the topological charge, which is theoretically unlimited. However, the topological charge of a single separate vortex (screw dislocation) is limited by possibilities of its generating. Therefore, we investigate here three examples of multivortex Gaussian light fields (two beams are form-invariant and one beam is astigmatic) with an unbounded (countable) set of screw dislocations. As a result, such fields have an infinite topological charge. The first beam has the complex amplitude of the Gaussian beam, but multiplied by the cosine function with a squared vortex argument. Phase singularity points of such a beam reside in the waist plane on the Cartesian axes and their density grows with increasing distance from the optical axis. The transverse intensity distribution of such a beam has a shape of a four-pointed star. All the optical vortices in this beam has the same topological charge of +1. The second beam also has the complex amplitude of the Gaussian beam, multiplied by the vortex-argument cosine function, but the cosine is raised to an arbitrary power. This beam has a countable number of the optical vortices, which reside in the waist plane uniformly on one Cartesian axis and the topological charge of each vortex equals to power, to which the cosine function is raised. The transverse intensity distribution of such beam consists of two light spots residing on a straight line, orthogonal to a straight line with the optical vortices. Finally, the third beam is similar to the first one in many properties, but it is generated with a tilted cylindrical lens from a 1D parabolic-argument cosine grating.
ESTRATÉGIAS LÚDICAS NO CUIDADO COM A CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA: PERSPECTIVAS SIMBÓLICAS DE DISCENTES DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Sá Isabella Camargo Tannos Ferreira de , Depianti Jessica Renata Bastos , Cardoso Juliana Maria Rego Maciel , Silva Laura Johanson da , Silva Italo Rodolfo , Silva Thiago Privado da
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: compreender os significados e os fatores intervenientes relativos ao uso de estratégias lúdicas no cuidado com a criança hospitalizada na perspectiva de discentes de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 17 discentes de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de 2020 e março de 2021, sendo submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo e interpretados à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: os temas “Atribuindo Significados ao Lúdico” e “Fatores Intervenientes para o Desenvolvimento do Lúdico” revelaram as significações simbólicas das estratégias lúdicas para o cuidado dispensado à criança hospitalizada e os fatores intervenientes, a saber: disponibilidade de recursos humanos e materiais, rotina e burocracia institucional, capacitação e empenho dos profissionais e envolvimento do familiar. Considerações finais: compreendeu-se que as perspectivas simbólicas dos discentes determinaram as estratégias lúdicas como um recurso extremamente importante nas relações de cuidado com a criança hospitalizada e sua utilização está condicionada aos fatores intervenientes expostos.
The birth of American press: Historical experience and development problems
Authors:   Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, Marshuba Dennis А.
Published: October 2021

The article reviews the origin of American press as an essential idea in genesis of the state power. The author demonstrates a strong correlation between domestic policy and evolutionary changes in local press, also analyzes the key events in chronicle order: printing the first paper “Publick Occurrences”, the Trial of Zenger, consequences of the Stamp Act and the acting of “Sons of Liberty”. The conclusion is made that American press is one of the most influential moments in organizing the national democratic liberation movement over the British Empire, which could not stop or assume control of expansion in the number of printing offices. The article states that the most important factor which leads colonies to unite is the fight against the Stamp Act. It is gone through in attempts to regulate the press and overcome the budget deficit, generated by The Seven Years’ War. As a result American press becomes the main attribute in the American Revolution.
Dagestan aul of the NEP era: Touches of everyday life (the first half of the 1920s)
Authors:   Dagestan Federal research center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Amirkhanova Madina М.
Published: October 2021

The article examines rural everyday life in Dagestan in the first decade of Soviet power. On the basis of archival documents, the influence of the NEP on the daily life of the rural population, which turned out to be burdensome for them, is revealed. Despite the class approach, the new tax campaign led to a deterioration in the financial situation of the highlander, since it was carried out without taking into account the specifics of the republic’s agriculture. An important factor for improving the financial situation of the population was the effective development of agricultural production, for which it was necessary to implement a whole range of measures: land reclamation, provision of agricultural machinery. In this regard, the state’s assistance, the creation of agricultural partnerships, and the provision of loans were tangible. The author comes to the conclusion that the new economic policy of the state for the Dagestan aul had a twofold character. Although it was intended to develop the production initiative of a small producer, in the end, the tax system was created.
Evaluation of Knowledge and Practice of Dentists in Yazd about Tooth Preparation Principles of Abutment Teeth for a Metal-Ceramic Crown in 2019
Authors: Salami Hadi , Sabaghzadegan Bahareh
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Improper tooth preparation in a fixed metal-ceramic prosthesis leads to a prosthesis construction with an insufficient thickness of porcelain or too thick porcelain on the base metal structure. The present designed study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of dentists in Yazd about the basic principles of tooth preparation for the metal-ceramic veneer.
Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A valid and reliable questionnaire containing personal information, seven knowledge questions, and six practice questions was designed. After confirmation, it was distributed and collected among general dentists in Yazd in 2019. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA.
Results: 177 dentists answered Questionnaires. Average knowledge scores were 4.50 ± 1.51 out of 7 and mean performance scores were 4.59 ± 0.81 out of 6. The knowledge of the group under 30 years old was higher than the group of 30 to 39 (p value = 0.017). Differences in participants’ performance scores based on age groups weren’t significant (p value = 0.827). Women had higher knowledge than men (p value = 0.029). But no difference was observed in the performance scores of the two genders (p value = 0.092). According to work experience, there were no significant differences in Comparison of knowledge, practice scores and participation in additional courses (p value > 0.05).
Conclusion: The knowledge of Yazd dentists and their level of practice have been moderate and favorable. In some areas, lack of knowledge and practice were significant. It also seems that the current postgraduate courses don’t have much impact on the knowledge and practice of dentists. Therefore it’s necessary to correct and update these courses.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of General Dentists and Dental Students of Isfahan University about the Principles of Biopsy
Authors: Keshani Forouz , Razavi Seyed Mohammad , Jalalpour Negar
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Biopsy is the most accurate way to make a definitive diagnosis, based on which the prognosis and treatment plan can be determined. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of general dentists and dental students about the principles of biopsy.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted on 188 general dentists and 93 senior dental students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences using a questionnaire. Then data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test) in all tests, the significance level is considered 0.05).
Results: The mean score of dentists’ knowledge was 4.62 ± 1.42 and, the mean score of students’ knowledge was 4.96 ± 1.77 out of 8 points. The knowledge of dentists who had participated in retraining courses was higher than that of dentists who had not attended any biopsy retraining and was statistically significant (p value > 0.001).The mean score of dentists’ attitude (39.6 ± 4.06) was higher than the students’ (37.05 ± 3.06).
Conclusion: Level of knowledge and attitude of dentists and students about the principles of biopsy was moderate. Their performance was also poor and most of the dentists expressed a lack of necessary skills for not doing a biopsy. This study shows the need for educational programs related to the principles of biopsy, in the form of retraining courses and more emphasis on the student curriculum.