bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PERAN KADER DAN PERAN SUAMI DENGAN PERILAKU PEMANFAATAN KELAS IBU HAMIL
Authors: Sri Dinengsih  , Nia Dewi Kania
Published: July 2024

Latar Beakang: Kabupaten Garut tahun 2018 jumlah kelas ibu hamil 1939 dari 67 puskesmas, jumlah peserta sebanyak 49.677 (79,5%) orang dari sasaran 62.514 dan jumlah fasilitator sebanyak 825 orang. Puskesmas Malangbong tahun 2017 jumlah kelas ibu hamil sebanyak 51 kelas, jumlah peserta sebanyak 234 dari sasaran 1447 orang dengan jumlah fasilitator sebanyak 11 orang. Sedangkan pada tahun 2018 mengalami peningkatan menjadi 56 kelas, jumlah peserta sebanyak 451 dari sasaran 1624 orang dengan jumlah fasilitator sebanyak 11, namun hal ini baru mencapai 27,8% dan masih dibawah target yaitu sebanyak 100%.Tujuan; untuk mengetahui hubungan peran kader dan peran suami dengan perilaku pemanfaatan kelas ibu hamil di Desa Cisitu Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Malangbong Kabupaten Garut tahun 2019. Metodologi: penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang hamil sebanyak 46 orang pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Instrument yang digunakan berupa kuesioner dengan model pertanyaan tertutup dan telah di uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisis data bersifat univariat dan bivariat. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil Penelitian: bahwa terdapat hubungan antara peran kader dengan niali p-value sebesar 0,013 dengan perilaku pemanfaatan kelas ibu hamil sedangkan peran suami tidak berhubungan dengan nilai p-value sebesar 0,503.Simpulan dan saran: bahwa peran kader memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku pemanfaatan kelas ibu hamil. Diharapkan petugas kesehatan memberikan penyuluhan kepada ibu hamil dalam pemanfaatan kelas ibu hamil supaya ibu lebih mengetahui manfaatnya sehingga ibu lebih termotivasi
Adolescent Life Skills Patterns Regarding Reproductive Health
Authors: Khusnul Dwihestie Luluk , Sulistyoningtyas Sholaikhah
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Adolescence is a stage of change that develops rapidly both in terms of physical, psychological, and intellectual changes that affect the attitudes and behaviors of adolescents in everyday life. Adolescence is prone to various reproductive health problems. The sophistication of technology and information that is easily accessible to adolescents is an influential factor in adolescent behavior patterns. However, this must be balanced with good knowledge, in order to direct adolescents in a positive direction. Knowledge of reproductive health is important for adolescents in adapting to changes during the transition. Adolescent independence determines attitudes in decision making that have an impact on their health status. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of adolescent life skills about reproductive health at SMAN 1 Godean Sleman Yogyakarta. Method: This research is a quantitative, descriptive research. The population of this study was class X students at SMAN 1 Godean Yogyakarta totaling 112 with total sampling techniques. The research instrument is an adolescent life skills questionnaire on reproductive health with 10 question indicators. Data analysis using frequency distribution. Result: The results showed that adolescents who were classified in the capable category amounted to 65 respondents (58%) and adolescents who were not capable amounted to 47 respondents (42%). Conclusions Discussion/ Suggestion: It can be concluded that most adolescents have good life skills related to reproductive health. Recommended for adolescent to actively seek health information, both physical health and mental health, so that adolescent have good life skill and are skilled decisions making.
Self Efficacy dalam Komunikasi Terapeutik Perawat dengan Kepatuhan Kemoterapi pada Pasien Kanker di RS Hermina Kota Bekasi
Authors: Indrawati Lina , Kiki Deniati  , Dinda Nur Fajri Hidayati Bunga  , Erni Kurniasih
Published: July 2024

Pendahuluan: Kejadian kanker meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dan terjadi hampir di seluruh dunia. Kanker menduduki urutan ke dua penyakit terbesar di dunia. Data jumlah penderita kanker di seluruh dunia mencapai 14 juta kasus dengan angka kematian 8,2 juta setiap tahunnya (WHO, 2018). Hasil penelitian Anggarwati (2018) terkait kepatuhan pasien kanker terhadap kemoterapi di RS Lavalette Kota Malang didapatkan bahwa dari 78 responden sebanyak 25 responden dalam kategori kepatuhan sedang dan rendah. Dibutuhkan self-efficacy yang baik dalam berkomunikasi antara perawat dan pasien. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan self-efficacy dalam komunikasi terapeutik dengan kepatuhan pasien kanker menjalani kemoterapi di RS Hermina kota Bekasi. Metode: jenis deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah jumlah pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi  dalam waktu 3 bulan terahir dan sesuai dengan kriteri inklusi peneliti sebanyak 103 pasien. Peneliti melakukan pengambilan data pada responden sebanyak 103 responden dengan mengunakan kuesioner self-efficacy dan kepatuhan menjalani kemoterapi. Uji statistic yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan uji Korelasi Chi Square. Hasil: Berdasarkan analisa statistic dengan tingkat signifikasi 95% atau nilai ɑ 5% (0,05) hasil Uji Chi Square diperoleh p – value (0,571) > nilai ɑ (0,05) sehingga dapat di simpulkan dari hasil tersebut H0 diterima tidak ada hubungan Self-efficacy dalam Komunikasi Terapeutik Perawat dengan Kepatuhan Kemoterapi pada Pasien Kanker di RS Hermina Kota Bekasi. Kesimpulan: hasil penelitian disimpulkan tidak terdapat hubungan Self-efficacy dalam komunikasi terapeutik dengan dengan Kepatuhan Kemoterapi pada Pasien Kanker di RS Hermina Kota Bekasi dengan p – value (0,571) > nilai ɑ (0,05).
Pengaruh Status Gizi, Keterpaparan Rokok Dan Riwayat Kontak Serumah Dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kedaton Bandar Lampung
Authors: Alwa Ayu Azzahra  , Achmad Farich  , Khoidar Amirus  , Nurhalina Sari  , Agung Aji Perdana
Published: July 2024

Abstrak
TB adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Status gizi, keterpaparan asap rokok, dan riwayat kontak serumah merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena TB. Oleh karena itu, upaya untuk meningkatkan status gizi, mencegah keterpaparan asap rokok, dan mengurangi riwayat kontak serumah dengan penderita TB dapat membantu menurunkan angka kejadian TB. Puskesmas kedaton menduduki urutan pertama dengan kasus tuberkulosis paru se Kota Bandar Lampung pada tahun 2020-2022. Pada tahun 2022 puskesmas kedaton memiliki jumlah kasus terbanyak dengan jumlah 90 (77%) kasus. Pada tahun 2023 dari bulan januari sampai juni kasus tuberkulosis paru sebanyak 112 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh status gizi, keterpaparan rokok dan riwayat kontak serumah  dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru pada pasien tuberkuloasis paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedaton Bandar Lampung. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik kuantitatif dengan rancangan case control. Teknik untuk pengambilan jumlah sampel yaitu Purposive  sampling, dan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 132 orang. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi square dan analisa multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Didapatkan sebagian besar responden memiliki status gizi cukup sebanyak 93 orang (70.5%), keterpaparan rokok sebanyak 81 orang (61.4%), riwayat kontak sebanyak 78 orang (59.1%).  Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara  tingkat pendidikan dengan kejadian (p–value = 0,000), keterpaparan (p–value = 0,001), riwayat kontak (p–value = 0,000) dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru.  Riwayat kontak merupakan faktor dominan (p-value= 0,002) yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian tuberkulosis paru sehingga masyarakat di himbau agar dapat menghindari kontak secara langsung dengan pasien tuberkulosis paru tanpa menggunakan pelindung diri seperti masker dikarnakan tuberkulosis paru menyebar melalui percikan dahak yang dikeluarkan pasien ketika batuk ataupun bersin.
Kata kunci:  Status gizi, keterpaparan rokok, riwayat kontak serumah, kejadian tuberkulosis paru
THE CORELATION BETWEEN COMPLIANCE WITH DRINKING OAT "TUBERCOLOSIS DRUG" AND THE HEALING STATUS OF PULMONARY TB PATIENTS IN THE LUNG CLINIC
Authors: Sri Utami  , Achmad Dafir Firdaus  , Sismala Harningtyas
Published: July 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that can attack the lungs but can also affect various other organs such as the pleura, lymph nodes, bones, and other extra-pulmonary organs. Adherence to medication is the patient's attitude toward taking medication as recommended. This study used the purposive sampling technique with a retrospective approach; the sample consisted of 40 respondents. Data were collected by looking at medical record data and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that of the 40 patients studied, there were 13 who were compliant and 10 who were declared cured. The results of the statistical test analysis obtained a pvalue  so  is rejected and  is accepted. So there is a relationship between adherence to medication and recovery status. There are still many pulmonary TB patients who are not cured because they are not compliant with treatment. Adherence to taking medication is an important indicator of the patient's recovery status, but compliance is influenced by a lack of awareness of the importance of treatment, such as preferring herbal remedies, not wanting to take medicine again because they feel their body is healthy, and not controlling because of long-term out-of-town work. So that strong support is needed both from the family, health workers, and also from pulmonary TB survivors.
Bullying and Suicide in Adolescents
Authors: Himayanti Yusfina , Husnuzzia Urrahmah
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of students who experienced bullying resulting in suicide attempts. This research is a qualitative study with an interpretative phenomenology approach and data analysis using science (interpretative phenomenological Analysis). The resulting theme was based on the results of research between feeling hurt because of experiencing bullying by peers. . The results of this study show that perceived bullying is a trigger that causes. Teen makes suicide attempt
Impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on urinary tract infection recurrence in children
Authors: Potvin Elyse , Adams Kelsey , Barrieras Diego , Bolduc Stephane , Quach Caroline
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Given the potential consequences associated with urinary tract infections (UTI), it has become standard practice to use continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) in children, even if controversial. We reviewed the effectiveness of CAP on recurrent UTI in a pediatric population to determine if equipoise remains and allow for a placebo control group to study the effectiveness of the vaccine MV140.
Method: We completed a rapid review. We searched Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library and data extraction was completed by a single reviewer. Our search criteria were 2005–2022, English and French language, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews only. The population was 19 years and younger, including: vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tracts (CAKUT), and bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD).
Results: Three RCTs and three systematic reviews found a benefit for CAP, mostly for a population with VUR, and those with severe VUR have more benefit. Most studies were not able to show a difference in the rate of UTIs or new renal scars (NRS). Three RCTs found a deleterious effect with CAP. Other studies were able to prove a benefit for patients with dilatation of the urinary tract without obstruction and high-grade VUR combined with BBD. The major adverse event found was antimicrobial resistance.
Conclusions: High-risk patients benefit from CAP. The potential consequences of UTIs makes it unethical to use a placebo-only control group for them; however, CAP use seems difficult to justify in a low-risk population.
Factors predicting stone-free rates after retrograde intrarenal surgery for lower pole kidney stones
Authors: Boudreau Ryan , Fathy Moustafa , Hodhod Amr , Siddiqui Rabail , Alaradi Husain , Alhelal Saud , Abbas Loay , Alaref Amer , Zakaria Ahmed S. , Elmansy Hazem
Published: July 2024

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the factors impacting stone clearance following retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for lower pole kidney stones and to determine whether there is a significant relationship between the infundibular pelvic angle (IPA) of the kidney's lower pole and stone fragment clearance.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent flexible ureteroscopy (f-URS) for lower pole renal calculi between December 2020 and July 2023 at our institution. Patient demographics and stone parameters were recorded, including stone size, number, volume, density, and IPA. Intraoperative data, including total operative time, lasing time, type of laser used, and stone composition, were collected and analyzed. All patients underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan at three months followup. We recorded the presence of residual stones and the percentage of stone volume reduction. Patients with a stone size 3 mm were deemed stone-free. All patients were discharged home on the same operative day.
Results: A total of 123 patients were included in the study: 71 in the stone-free group (group 1) and 52 in the residual stones group (group 2). On univariate analysis, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of stone size, IPA, and the type of ureteroscopy used. At three months followup, 96% (24/25) of patients with an IPA <30° had residual stones, compared to 28.6% (28/98) of patients with an IPA >30° (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative or postoperative complications between the two groups. On multivariate analysis, IPA and stone size were the only predictive factors for the presence of residual stones. Twelve patients (23.1%) from group 2 required retreatment.
Conclusions: RIRS is an effective treatment option for the management of lower pole kidney stones. IPA, in conjunction with stone size, appears to dictate the stone clearance rates of RIRS for lower pole stones.
Фінансові та етичні аспекти соціально відповідального маркетингу в умовах війни в Україні
Authors: Пономаренко І. В. , Лубковський С. А. , Бондаренко О. В.
Published: July 2024

У статті розкрито особливості використання концепції соціальної відповідальності сучасними компаніями для забезпечення лояльності цільової аудиторії та формування бренду з високим рівнем довіри. Доведено доцільність постійного відслідковування еволюції соціуму та ідентифікацію найважливіших проблем, які потребують вирішення, оскільки в сучасних умовах турбулентності, глобалізації та цифрових трансформацій відмічається швидка зміна ціннісних орієнтирів, особливо серед представників поколінь Z та Альфа. Розкрито специфіку розвитку маркетингу з урахуванням інноваційних технологій, що використовується компаніями на національному та глобальному рівнях для забезпечення високого рівня конкурентоспроможності в довгостроковій перспективі. Доведено доцільність використання соціально відповідального маркетингу в процесі налагодження комунікацій з цільовою аудиторією, що позитивно впливає на бренди та сприяє формуванню високого рівня лояльності користувачів. Представлено вектор розвитку маркетингу в цифровому середовищі та ефективні інструменти для взаємодії з потенційними клієнтами. Доведено ефективність застосування цифрового маркетингу для просування компанії в Інтернеті, демонстрації її етичних цінностей та висвітлення реалізованих проектів, які мають важливе соціальне значення для суспільства. Представлено схему реалізації соціально відповідального маркетингу компанії, що передбачає постійний моніторинг впливу внутрішніх та зовнішніх чинників та здійснення коректив з метою оптимізації результатів. Наголошено на необхідності використання комплексної інформації про інтереси та важливі для сучасних користувачів проблеми, що дозволяє адаптуватись під наявні вимоги та сприяє підтримці іміджу соціально відповідальної та етичної компанії. Доведено важливість проведення фінансових розрахунків з метою досягнення оптимальних результатів в умовах обмеженості грошових ресурсів. Розкрито особливості використання соціально відповідального маркетингу в Україні в умовах війни. Наведено напрями реалізації соціальних ініціатив бізнесом під час військових дій. Представлено структуру фінансової допомоги від приватних компаній в Україні для подолання негативних наслідків війни. Наведено приклади допомоги компаніями в Україні після ракетної атаки на Охматдит, що свідчить про високий рівень етичності бізнесу в країні. Тип статті: емпіричний.
Pemahaman Pemilik Usaha Terhadap Konsep Tax Planning, Pajak Penghasilan Dan Pajak Restoran Pada Rumah Makan ABC
Authors: Amalia Natasha , Putri Clarissa Revalina , Addiena Almeira Wafa , Hanifah Arissa Aqillah , Patricia Audrey , Wijaya Su
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami konsep perencanaan pajak (tax planning) Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) dan Pajak Restoran/Rumah Makan (PB1) pada Rumah Makan ABC. Meskipun pajak memiliki peran penting dalam pembiayaan pembangunan negara, tingkat kepatuhan pajak di Indonesia masih rendah, khususnya pada sektor Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM). Studi ini menyoroti rendahnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan perpajakan di kalangan pemilik UMKM serta perlunya sosialisasi pajak yang lebih efektif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mencakup wawancara dan analisis literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemilik usaha cenderung memperoleh informasi pajak dari sumber informal seperti internet dan mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan sosialisasi oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan kepatuhan pajak di sektor UMKM.
Experiencias del uso de simuladores de negocios en el sector de educación universitaria durante la emergencia sanitaria originada por el Covid-19 en Sudamérica
Authors: Guevara Ramírez José Alexander
Published: July 2024

Los simuladores de negocios son una herramienta pedagógica el cual muestra distintas realidades en un entorno ya establecido, el cual ayuda a los estudiantes a tomar decisiones gerenciales facilitando el proceso el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje.
El presente trabajo de análisis de revisión literaria tiene como objetivo identificar cuáles son las experiencias del uso de simuladores de negocios en el sector de educación universitaria.
Para la obtención de resultados hemos realizado la búsqueda en Google Académico y luego de aplicar los criterios de exclusión se llegaron a determinar 10 artículos de investigación, donde la mayoría de artículos fueron realizados en el país Perú, así mismo se pudo determinar que 7 investigaciones fueron de tipo cuantitativo y 5 de ellos fueron publicados en la revista Company Games & Business Simulation Academic Journal, concluyendo que el uso de simuladores de negocios si tienen un impacto positivo en las instituciones educativas.
El papel crucial del pensamiento crítico en contextos profesionales y educativos
Authors: Selgas-Cors Marc
Published: July 2024

Este artículo explora el papel crucial del pensamiento crítico en la vida profesional y enfatiza la necesidad de cultivar esta habilidad en las escuelas y universidades. El pensamiento crítico es una competencia fundamental que permite a las personas analizar, evaluar y sintetizar información de manera efectiva, lo que conduce a una mejor toma de decisiones y resolución de problemas en el lugar de trabajo. El artículo sostiene que las instituciones educativas deben integrar el pensamiento crítico en sus planes de estudio para preparar a los estudiantes para las demandas de la fuerza laboral moderna. Al fomentar un entorno que fomente el cuestionamiento, la mentalidad abierta y el pensamiento reflexivo, los educadores pueden equipar a los estudiantes con las herramientas necesarias para navegar por paisajes profesionales complejos y contribuir de manera significativa en sus campos.
The Effect of Service Training on English Teachers’ Beliefs and Attitudes
Authors: Almohammadi Muath , Almuhammadi Anas
Published: July 2024

In-service training (IST), deemed vital for faculty growth, primarily aims to aid instructors in enhancing their teaching skills, with the expectation that their participation will subsequently enhance classroom performance, resulting in improved educational outcomes for students. This study investigates the impact of service training on the beliefs and attitudes of English teachers. To achieve this objective, semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom to explore the instructors’ perspectives regarding the perceived service training and its effects on the teaching and learning process. The study delves into the experiences and perceptions of the instructors regarding the service training they received. Through in-depth interviews, participants shared insights into the effects of such training on their instructional methodologies, classroom practices, and overall professional development. Additionally, their perspectives on the perceived benefits, challenges, and effectiveness of the service training were examined. The findings shed light on the multifaceted impact of service training on English teachers, offering valuable insights into its influence on the teaching and learning process. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between professional development initiatives and educators’ beliefs and attitudes, providing implications for the design and implementation of future training programs aimed at enhancing EFL instruction. Findings emphasize the importance of aligning IST with teachers’ needs and fostering participatory involvement in its design.
Pedagogical Tasks for Rhetorical Consciousness-Raising in College EFL Reading Classrooms
Authors: Hersi Mustafa
Published: July 2024

The concept of rhetoric and its pedagogical outcomes have been widely discussed in the field of EFL teaching and learning. However, on a pedagogical level, a few researchers have attempted to examine how EFL teachers can help their students develop their reading skills through rhetorical consciousness-raising. In particular, the notion of implementing rhetorical consciousness-raising in EFL classes to develop students’ reading and writing competences is still under-examined in many EFL contexts, including in Saudi Arabia. To fill such a void, this paper attempts to re-envision some pedagogical tasks that are aimed at raising EFL students’ rhetorical awareness in reading skills as a way of constructing knowledge.
Technological Solution for Improving Structural Performance and Resilience of Buildings in Seismic Zone
Authors: Molua Collins O. , Ataman John O
Published: July 2024

Its purpose is to assess novelty materials and technologies to increase the stability of structures in seismo-active zones. The research relates to the post-earthquake requirement for reconstructing structures and infrastructures that could stand the deadly phenomena that have ravaged many parts of the world. New and improved materials were researched and experimented with, including high-performance concrete, FRP or fiber reinforced polymers, self-healing concrete, and hi-tech anchorages. The compressive strength of the reinforced concrete slab was determined through a universal testing machine. In contrast, the tensile strength and % elongation at the Break of FRP were determined using an Instron machine. Data analyses involved variance analysis (ANOVA) and regression to analyze the performance of the used material. The healing efficiency of the self-healing materials, as identified in the study, ranged from 85 percent. 123% to 99. 789%, while the healing time varies between 7-21 days. 123 to 11. 789 days. The observed enhancement of tensile strength of all FRPs under investigation ranged between 180 and 240: 789 and high UV resistance scores with an average of 9. 456. EI-based and PB anchoring systems demonstrated that Von Mises' stress load capacity variations stood between 100. 123 kN to 240. This was 789 kN, while corrosion resistance scores for all the tires examined in this study averaged 8. 567. The breakdown of the cost difference indicated an inconsistency that ranged between N50. 123/kg to N68. 789/kg. From the findings, it is evident that there is an understanding of how the improved materials promoted can improve structural capacity in cases of seismic activity. Therefore, the study offers valuable information on material choice and use while urging building officials to incorporate these components in their codes and standards for constructing earthquake resistant structures in the regions most vulnerable to this phenomenon.
Research on the Development of Architectural Conditions for Civil Repairs in Afghanistan
Authors: Akbari Saied Hamayon Shah
Published: July 2024

During the formation of fidalism, the culture of urbanization, which was considered the necessary link in the slave society, decreased, but the Centers of Buddhist culture in Afghanistan continued to operate even after the Arab conquests in the 7th century AD.
At the beginning of the 5th century, from the depths of Central Asia, the Gochhanda Yaftali tribes invaded the territory of Afghanistan, which eventually led to the extinction of the Kushan Empire.
Coexistence and interaction with neighbors in a peaceful and sometimes non-peaceful way of agricultural units with nomadic tribes is one of the main features of the historical development of the people of Afghanistan and Asia. By settling in the lands of Afghanistan and accepting the local culture and enriching it with their tribal traditions, the nomadic tribes helped a lot in the emergence of the process of a new social and cultural nature in the country.
The conquests of the Arab caliphs, which began in the seventh century, and as a result of the interaction of their culture with the cultural traditions of the local people, led to the creation of a new culture.  And Islamic religion replaced Buddhism and other religious beliefs. Buildings for worship were built called mosques, Eidgah’s, schools and caravanserais. The formation of large commercial and handicraft cities, which took place in the development of literary and architectural sciences, which took place in the middle of the centuries of the feudal period.
The Ghaznavid dynasties (10th-12th centuries) and the Ghurids, the "king of the mountains" in the 12th century, had a significant impact on the history of the early Middle Ages. In the engineering of the cities of the Ghaznavid period, the buildings of the city (Ghazni, Qala-e-Bast, Lashkargah) and also in the engineering of most of the buildings of the Ghurid dynasty (a minaret in the mountainous region of Jam), the ideological characteristics of that era have been expressed in the language of engineering.
In the modern era, after the wars and the destruction of cities and places in the country, the migrations that took place as a result of the civil wars and the return to the country, brought different cultures to the country. Also, by mixing new cultures with local traditions, it caused cities and places to take a new shape. Thus, it influenced the development of Afghan architecture and the growth of modern architecture. This will be of particular importance with the combination of local architectural culture and traditions in Afghanistan.
Strategi Peningkatan Literasi Digital Masyarakat dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Hoaks di Era Digital
Authors: Bambang Suprianto
Published: July 2024

The community service program carried out in RT 038, Sukarami Village, aimed to enhance the digital literacy of residents to prevent the spread of hoaxes. The main issue faced was the low awareness and skills of residents in verifying digital information, leading to a high spread of hoaxes. The methods used in this program included initial surveys, program planning meetings, digital literacy education and training, as well as discussion and evaluation sessions. The results of the program showed a significant increase in residents' digital literacy, with 80% of respondents able to verify information after the program. There was a decrease in the spread of hoaxes, from 60% before the program to 20% after the program. Residents also became more critical and inclusive in receiving and disseminating information, and more vigilant against potential online threats. Thus, this program successfully built a stronger and more resilient community in facing information challenges in the digital era.
BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU VÀ SỰ GIA TĂNG MƯA LỚN TRONG BÃO KHU VỰC VEN BIỂN TRUNG TRUNG BỘ
Authors: Trần Thục  , Trần Thanh Thủy
Published: July 2024

Biến đổi khí hậu có thể làm gia tăng các cực đoan khí hậu cả về cường độ và tần suất, do đó, sẽ làm gia tăng rủi ro thiên tai. Nghiên cứu này đánh giá mức độ gia tăng hiểm họa mưa lớn trong bão trong quá khứ và dự tính cho tương lai theo kịch bản biến đổi khí hậu. Từ đó, nhận định về sự gia tăng rủi ro thiên tai do biến đổi khí hậu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy trong thời gian gần đây đã ghi nhận sự gia tăng cường độ và tần suất xuất hiện mưa lớn trong bão tại khu vực Trung Trung Bộ, mức độ gia tăng trung bình khoảng 27%. Trong tương lai, theo kịch bản RCP8.5, khả năng xuất hiện lượng mưa một ngày lớn nhất trên 100 mm/ngày tăng ở giai đoạn đầu và giữa thế kỷ trên toàn khu vực Trung Trung Bộ, mức tăng có thể lên đến 20%.
ỨNG DỤNG MÔ HÌNH HEC-RAS MÔ PHỎNG NGẬP LỤT CHO HẠ LƯU SÔNG BA
Authors: Lương Hữu Dũng  , Lê Quốc Huy  , Phan Văn Thành  , Văn Thị Hằng  , Trần Thanh Thủy  , Nguyễn Văn Đại
Published: July 2024

Bài báo giới thiệu một số kết quả tính toán ngập lụt hệ thống sông Ba tỉnh Phú Yên sử dụng bộ mô hình HEC. Các số liệu lưu lượng đầu vào trên sông Ba mô phỏng từ mưa bằng mô hình HEC-HMS. Bộ thông số mô hình kết nối 1-2 chiều HEC-RAS được hiệu chỉnh và kiểm định bằng số liệu thực đo mực nước các trận lũ lớn các năm 2009, 2016, 2021 tại trạm Phú Lâm trên sông Ba kết hợp với các tài liệu đo đạc vết lũ của trận lũ lớn năm 2021. Kết quả hiệu chỉnh kiểm định HEC-RAS cho thấy sai số đỉnh lũ nhỏ chỉ dưới 0,17 m, hình dạng quá trình lũ thực đo khá tương đồng về pha và độ lớn chứng tỏ khả năng ứng dụng của mô hình trong công tác xây dựng bản đồ ngập lụt và cảnh báo thiên tai lũ lụt cho khu vực hạ lưu. Dựa trên kết quả mô phỏng tốt các trận lũ lớn sẽ tiến hành tính toán mô phỏng cho các trận lũ với tần suất 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, để đánh giá mức độ ngập lụt hạ lưu sông Ba, sông Bàn Thạch theo các kịch bản mưa lũ khác nhau. Kết quả mô phỏng cho thấy ngập lụt xuất hiện ở các huyện Đông Hòa, Phú Hòa, Tây Hòa và TP. Tuy Hòa với các mức độ và cấp ngập khác nhau, đặc biệt ngập lụt lớn có thể thấy ở khu vực huyện Đông Hòa với tần suất 1%.
Guardrails for trust, safety, and ethical development and deployment of Large Language Models (LLM)
Authors: Biswas Anjanava , Talukdar Wrick
Published: July 2024

The AI era has ushered in Large Language Models (LLM) to the technological forefront, which has been much of the talk in 2023, and is likely to remain as such for many years to come. LLMs are the AI models that are the power house behind generative AI applications such as ChatGPT. These AI models, fueled by vast amounts of data and computational prowess, have unlocked remarkable capabilities, from human-like text generation to assisting with natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. They have quickly become the foundation upon which countless applications and software services are being built, or at least being augmented with. However, as with any groundbreaking innovations, the rise of LLMs brings forth critical safety, privacy, and ethical concerns. These models are found to have a propensity to leak private information, produce false information, and can be coerced into generating content that can be used for nefarious purposes by bad actors, or even by regular users unknowingly. Implementing safeguards and guardrailing techniques is imperative for applications to ensure that the content generated by LLMs are safe, secure, and ethical. Thus, frameworks to deploy mechanisms that prevent misuse of these models via application implementations is imperative. In this study, we propose a Flexible Adaptive Sequencing mechanism with trust and safety modules, that can be used to implement safety guardrails for the development and deployment of LLMs.
Communicating About and With Artificial Intelligence Applications
Authors: Byram J. Kelly
Published: July 2024

This session provided attendees with an overview of the elements of artificial intelligence (AI) that medical communication professionals can use in their decision-making when communicating about and with AI applications. Knowing how to determine if an AI application is reliable and secure guides the professional in their assessment of applications they write about and their choice of applications they use in their practice. In turn, this ability to assess AI applications underpins professionals’ abilities to identify and apply best practices for developing and writing about AI. Taken together, this understanding of how AI works, how applications are developed, and how to identify and ethically apply best practices will guide professionals in their communication about and with AI applications.
Editor's Note
Developments in artificial intelligence (AI) will continue to be of critical importance to medical communicators for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, AMWA Journal expects to continue to feature AI-related articles in upcoming issues. Given how rapidly advancements are occurring in AI as they relate to medical communication, we are striving to be as timely as possible in bringing relevant articles to you. In this spirit, we are supplementing the Summer 2024 Digital Revolution theme issue with a timely article titled ‘Communicating About and With Artificial Intelligence Applications’ by J. Kelly Byram, based on a presentation made by the author at the most recent AMWA Medical Writing & Communication Conference.
La Constitucionalidad de la reforma al procedimiento de la calificación de flagrancia
Authors: Moposita Pujos Carlos Fabián , Villalva Fonseca David Gonzalo
Published: July 2024

La presente investigación se enfoca en analizar la constitucionalidad de la reciente reforma al procedimiento de la calificación de flagrancia, implementada el 29 de marzo de 2023 en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal de Ecuador. La reforma extiende el plazo para la calificación de flagrancia de 24 a 48 horas, lo que plantea interrogantes respecto a su compatibilidad con los principios constitucionales. (Ecuador, Asamblea Nacional, 2023). La hipótesis propuesta argumenta que esta reforma contraviene los preceptos constitucionales. Se sustenta en el hecho de que, al prolongar el tiempo para la calificación, la norma adquiere un efecto retroactivo en lugar de un desarrollo progresivo, como establece el artículo 11 de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador. Además, se viola el principio pro homine establecido en la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, al dilatar las garantías judiciales. El artículo concluye destacando el poder conferido a los jueces constitucionales para realizar un control difuso de la norma y suspende la tramitación de la causa en caso de duda razonable. Se argumenta que, en virtud del principio pro persona, se podría alegar que la audiencia de calificación de flagrancia debe realizarse dentro de las 24 horas, lo que beneficia al acusado y permite continuar el proceso legal sin prisión preventiva. Esta investigación adopta un enfoque metodológico inductivo-deductivo y analítico para analizar los efectos de la reforma en el procedimiento penal. Se busca determinar si la reforma actual se ajusta a los principios constitucionales y evaluar su impacto en el desarrollo del sistema procesal penal de Ecuador.
Escuela tradicional y escuela nueva: Estudio comparativo
Authors: Meza Arguello Holger Lizandro , Eras Briones Vania Itzel , Meza Arguello Danny Meliton , Simisterra Muñoz Jesús Manuel , Franco Valdez Jessica Lisbeth
Published: July 2024

El artículo compara la educación tradicional con la nueva, destacando sus diferencias clave. Mientras la educación tradicional se centra en la autoridad del maestro y la memorización, la nueva promueve un aprendizaje participativo y centrado en el estudiante. Se argumenta que este último enfoque puede aumentar el compromiso y el aprendizaje significativo. Se propone combinar elementos de ambos métodos para crear un modelo educativo equilibrado que satisfaga las necesidades individuales de los estudiantes. Se subraya la importancia de la formación continua del profesorado y el apoyo de políticas educativas que fomenten la innovación y la equidad. La metodología empleada incluye una revisión teórica y documental descriptiva para explorar los conceptos y enfoques relacionados con ambas formas de educación. Se concluye que encontrar un equilibrio entre la tradición y la innovación es fundamental para proporcionar una educación completa y equitativa que prepare a los estudiantes para los desafíos del siglo XXI.
La evaluación psicopedagógica, diagnóstico de competencias básicas y toma de decisiones para el rendimiento escolar
Authors: Alcívar Chávez Adela Connie , Torres Lima Pastor Gregorio
Published: July 2024

La psicopedagogía es una disciplina de la psicología que permite a través del diagnóstico identificar situaciones que dificultan los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los niños. Por ello se planteó como objetivo diagnosticar elementos de los resultados de la evaluación psicopedagógica para el mejoramiento del rendimiento escolar a través de la adquisición de competencias básicas. La metodología empleada fue de tipo mixta; cuantitativa y cualitativa, se hizo uso de técnicas como: entrevista, encuesta y evaluación que generaron resultados enriquecedores para la investigación. A lo largo del trabajo se utilizaron métodos generales: inductivo, deductivo, analítico y sintético. Los resultados develaron que los estudiantes poseen competencias básicas poco satisfactorias para su nivel, y de no ser intervenidas estas generarán dificultades en lo posterior. Finalmente, las competencias básicas es sin duda un referente para el rendimiento escolar, si el estudiante es poseedor de estas, le representará ventajas para su formación integral.
A babel dos vínculos empregatícios no cotidiano de trabalho de um hospital universitário
Authors: Bastos Juliano Almeida
Published: July 2024

O estudo tem como objetivo compreender o cotidiano de trabalho e as vivências dos trabalhadores submetidos a diferentes modalidades de vínculo de trabalho em um hospital universitário federal. A partir da Psicologia Social do Trabalho, os estudos do cotidiano foram adotados como referencial teórico-metodológico, utilizando-se uma abordagem etnográfica com os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: observação participante, entrevistas e análise de documentos. Os resultados apontam para um cotidiano de trabalho em que situações de preconceito, discriminação e hostilidade estão presentes. Nesse contexto, os trabalhadores não se reconhecem como pares. Fragmentados, identificam-se apenas com os de mesmo vínculo e passam a competir com os de vínculo distinto, dificultando a organização coletiva. Entende-se que o trabalhador do serviço público não pode ser confundido com um agente de dado governo, por isso deve ter seu vínculo de trabalho regulado enquanto servidor público para garantir sua permanência frente às alternâncias de governo, características do Estado democrático.
Mapeando as publicações científicas internacionais sobre Environmental, Social and Governance e Remuneração Executiva: Uma Revisão da Literatura (2004-2024)
Authors: Chaves Priscila Miranda , Peixoto Fernanda Maciel
Published: July 2024

Este estudo revisa e sintetiza um fragmento da literatura que examina a relação entre Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) e remuneração executiva, abrangendo o período 2004-2024. A metodologia ProKnow-C foi empregada na seleção e análise de 25 artigos acadêmicos relevantes que compuseram o Portfólio Bibliográfico (PB) da pesquisa. Análises dos artigos do PB permitiram a identificação: dos autores, periódicos de publicação, palavras-chave, países examinados, contextos de pesquisa, proposições teóricas e metodológicas e outras características, bem como das limitações e lacunas de pesquisa para investigações futuras. O mapa da literatura elaborado oferece uma visão concisa do embasamento teórico e das variáveis dos estudos quantitativos que utilizaram regressões como técnica estatística. Trata-se do primeiro artigo nacional que empreende esforços para examinar o panorama atual das pesquisas internacionais sobre o assunto. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam: as pesquisas são incipientes, examinam principalmente as empresas de países desenvolvidos, predomina a abordagem de pesquisa quantitativa, os dados ESG utilizados nos estudos provêm principalmente da base Thomson Reuters e a performance de carbono é o aspecto ambiental mais investigado, dentre outros achados. Acadêmicos, investidores, formuladores de políticas e outros stakeholders podem utilizar as informações e insights desta revisão para aprimorar a compreensão e/ou a aplicação dessa estratégia corporativa.
Risks and benefits associated with the consumption of three species of fish native to the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Amaral Luciana Cristina Mancio Gomes do , Barbosa Jhonatas Rodrigues , Dantas Kelly das Graças Fernandes , Silva Elen Vanessa Costa da , Lima Consuelo Lúcia Sousa de , Joele Maria Regina Sarkis Peixoto , Medeiros Heloisa Helena Berredo Reis de , Lourenço Lúcia de Fátima Henriques
Published: July 2024

In the Brazilian Amazon, fish is part of the diet and culture of the native population. With industrialization and the pollution of rivers, the number of cases of people contaminated by toxic pollutants present in fish has grown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze three species of fish from the Amazon, the curimatã, pescada-gó, and piramutaba, to investigate the risks and benefits associated with the consumption of their muscles and livers in different seasonal periods. The amino acid and fatty acid profiles were investigated by liquid and gas chromatography, respectively. The essential elements (Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, and Zn) were quantified by flame atomic emission spectrometry, and the contaminants lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) by flame atomic emission spectrometry and graphite furnace. Significant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids were found in muscle and liver. The polyunsaturated acids were more present in the pescada-gó and the monounsaturated in the curimatã. Contaminants (Pb and Hg) were found at levels higher than the limit allowed by Brazilian legislation. The curimatã species contributed more than 131.79% of the Hg, exceeding the tolerable weekly limit, and is considered unfit for consumption. The study demonstrated that constant biomonitoring of species traded in the region is necessary to ensure food security.
O direito à saúde: limites orçamentários e controle judicial
Authors: Bezerra Cristiane Vieira da Luz , Carvalho Daniele Palácio Queiroz de , Bezerra Giancarlos de Lima
Published: July 2024

Análises sobre a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais sociais positivados na Constituição Federal de 1988 e as políticas públicas como mecanismos de sua concretização, especialmente o direito à saúde. A não concretização desse direito pela via administrativa conduz as pessoas a buscá-la por meio do Poder Judiciário exigindo que o Estado preste serviços ou garanta condições materiais que, não raro, são fundamentais à manutenção da própria vida. Estão postas questões como orçamento, reserva do possível, tutela coletiva em conflito com mínimo existencial, dignidade da pessoa humana e direito à vida. Neste contexto, discute-se o direito subjetivo individual a prestações em saúde, o conteúdo desse direito e os limites e possibilidades do controle judicial das políticas públicas, tendo como referência o direito fundamental social à saúde inserto em uma Carta Magna que definiu entre os seus fundamentos a dignidade da pessoa humana.
Direito do consumidor e marketing em rotulagem de alimentos
Authors: Silva Vanecy Matias da , Araújo Regilda Saraiva dos Reis Moreira- , Lima Efren Paulo Porfirio de Sá
Published: July 2024

Os rótulos dos alimentos podem promover a seleção adequada de alimentos, informando os consumidores sobre a qualidade e a quantidade do conteúdo nutricional de um produto, embora a confiabilidade das informações seja essencial. O marketing nutricional, por sua vez, é um importante diferencial do produto, fundamentalmente, tem o poder de incentivar e conduzir os consumidores a adotar uma dieta saudável por meio de rotulagem nutricional e aplicações de alegações A presente pesquisa teve como intuito avaliar rótulos de diferentes produtos alimentícios e adiciona-los a plataforma analisando de acordo com os critérios gerados pelo mesmo, confrontando-os com as legislações referentes ao Código de Defesa do Consumidor e Rotulagem Nutricional de Alimentos Embalados, através de um checklist elaborado com base nas RDC’s. Esta pesquisa teve um embasamento bibliográfico e também baseado na coleta de dados do tipo quantitativo, e seu escopo são consumidores de diferentes classes sociais, frequentadores assíduos do comércio atacadista situado em Teresina-PI, no ramo alimentício. Como forma de aumentar o uso de rótulos nutricionais, campanhas educativas devem ser realizadas para orientar os consumidores sobre como usar esta informação nas escolhas alimentares e aumentar o conhecimento nutricional. As embalagens de alimentos devem buscar fornecer informações nutricionais mais simples para conveniência do consumidor, e as empresas devem utilizar outros meios de informação nutricional.
Impacto orçamentário do uso de prótese osteointegrada para a reconstrução nasal no SUS
Authors: Thuin Rawlson Raoult de , Ribeiro Ricardo Cavalcante , Silva Giovanni Augustus Morais e , Callak Amanda Junger , Silva Carlos Roberto Lyra da , Daher Marcelo , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra da
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto orçamentário do uso de prótese osteointegrada para reconstrução nasal em comparação à cirurgia de retalho em pacientes portadores de deformidades nasais no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: análise de impacto orçamentário que comparou os custos médios mensais e anuais associados à cirurgia de retalho e à prótese osteointegrada extraoral, utilizando cenários alternativos com diferentes proporções de pacientes. A análise foi feita utilizando uma planilha Excel. Resultados: a cirurgia de retalho apresentou um custo anual médio de R$ 2.844,38, enquanto o custo da prótese osteointegrada variou entre R$ 3.412,88 e R$ 4.352,07. O impacto orçamentário do uso da prótese tende a diminuir com o aumento do número de usuários. No cenário com maior adoção da prótese, houve uma economia significativa de recursos. Conclusão: o uso da prótese osteointegrada pode ser uma alternativa custo-efetiva à cirurgia de retalho, especialmente em pacientes específicos, apesar das limitações e necessidade de manutenção regular.