bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of mixing Chlorophyll-Antocyanin as a natural source dye on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC)
Authors: Munandar M R , Hakim A S R , Puspitadindha H A , Andiyani S P , Nurosyid F
Published: March 2022

Sunlight is a natural alternative energy as a renewable energy source.Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell(DSSC) is third generation solar cell as a substitute for conventional solar cells made from silicon because it is easy to manufacture. One important part of DSSC is dye because it has an important role in light absorption, photoelectron production, and electron transfer processes to increase the efficiency of electrical energy conversion. Modification of dye as an active material for DSSC as an effort to improve the performance of optical properties and photoconductivity of the dye. Mixing chlorophyll dye with anthocyanin dye aims to widen the area of the visible light absorption band. Chlorophyll dye obtained from green spinach extract and anthocyanin dye obtained from red rose extract. Absorbance test using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer obtained a widening of the light absorption range at 400-700 nm. The conductivity test usingKeithley I-V meter 2602Ato determine the dye’s ability to conduct electric current, the best conductivity was obtained in the 1:2 chlorophyll-anthocyanin mixture is 4.83 x10−2Ω−1m−1. TheI-VDSSC test usingKeithley I-V meter 2602Aobtained the best electrical energy conversion efficiency in the 1:2 chlorophyll-anthocyanin dye mixture is 5.8 x10−2%.
A First Look at Structural Properties of Long HP Model Sequences
Authors: Farris Alfred C.K. , Landau David P.
Published: March 2022

The longest sequence in the literature of the HP model of protein folding is studied on a simple cubic lattice using replica-exchange Wang-Landau sampling. We find a lower ground state energy than found in previous studies, and, for the first time, study the structural and thermal behavior of this sequence during the folding process.
An agent-based modeling and simulation for the first stage of honeycomb construction
Authors: Narumi Takayuki , Akiyama Takumi , Kageyama Maya , Uemichi Kenta , Honda Hisao , Osaki Koichi
Published: March 2022

Honeybees construct nests that consist of well-arrayed cells. In the first stage of honeycomb construction, they build a linear sequence of tetrapod structures that form the basis of the honeycomb. However, it is unknown how honeybees produce that initial pattern. To understand the mechanisms of honeycomb construction, we proposed an agent-based model, the attachment-excavation model, in which worker honeybees are classified into attachers and excavators. Simulation results showed that a tripod pattern emerges due to competition between the attachers and excavators. As time advances, isotropic wax growth causes the tripods to spread concentrically. We then employed anisotropic wax growth to obtain a linear sequence of constructed tripods. In the present paper, we discuss the origin of the anisotropy based on experimental results.
Pursuit and Evasion: from singles to groups
Authors: Yoshihara Sota , Ohira Toru
Published: March 2022

We provide a brief review of the current status of the traditional problem of pursuit and evasion. The new approach proposed by Eliezer and Barton is presented with an example of the one-to-one pursuit and evasion. Consequently, we describe recently proposed “Group Chase and Escape” and its characteristic behaviors. The directions of possible topics for future investigations and possible applications are also discussed.
Optical Kerr Effect and Structural Tetrahedrality of Supercooled Water at Ambient Pressure
Authors: Tang Ping-Han , Kuo Yu-Wei , Wu Ten-Ming
Published: March 2022

The correlation between the optical Kerr effect (OKE) spectroscopy of supercooled water at ambient pressure and its structural tetrahedrality was investigated by contrasting simulation results of two non-polarizable water models modified with the same collective polarizability, which involves intrinsic molecular polarizability and induced polarizability arising from interactions between molecular dipoles. The tetrahedrality of water structure was typified with the second-peak maximum in the pair distribution function of oxygens and the fraction of molecules, which and their neighbours up to the second hydration shell all have four H-bond coordinators. Our results indicate that the intermolecular vibrational band in the OKE spectrum of supercooled water is considerably correlated to its structural tetrahedrality.
Effect of Coulomb interaction between secondary electrons on plasma formation due to heavy-ion irradiation
Authors: Moribayashi Kengo
Published: March 2022

Plasma formed by heavy-ion irradiation has been investigated in this study. In this study, a simulation model that effectively uses recent computers is developed. The effect of Coulomb interaction between secondary electrons on the motion of secondary electrons and plasma formation is demonstrated, where the secondary electrons are the electrons produced by incident ion impact ionisation.
Collective pattern formation in a binary mixture of self-propelled particles
Authors: Adhikary Sagarika , Santra S. B.
Published: March 2022

We have studied the collective behaviour of a binary mixture of self-propelled particles (SPPs) with non-identical motile properties. The two types of SPPs with low and high velocity is modelled in a two-dimensional system with periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) at a fixed particle density. The two types have two widely different velocities. The alignment interaction rule and angular noise similar to Vicsek Model (VM) is implemented in this model. Both inter and intra-particle interactions are considered among the SPPs. The system exhibits various self-organised pattern formation and phase segregation which mainly depends on the angular noise present in the system. Without any restriction of interaction or repulsion among the particles, the SPPs phase-separated into dense structures. The orientational order-disorder phase transition is studied, and nontrivial results are obtained. Cluster size distribution (CSD) for the entire system is also studied at the transition region. The CSD exhibits a power-law behaviour at the transition, with an exponent that of the standard percolation.
Numerical simulations of spectroscopic properties in two-dimensional Mott insulator
Authors: Tohyama Takami , Shinjo Kazuya , Sota Shigetoshi , Tsutsui Kenji
Published: March 2022

We numerically investigate spectroscopic properties for a two-dimensional Mott insulator described by a half-filled Hubbard model on the square lattice. Firstly, we examine the spectral shape of the optical conductivity by using time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group implemented by the Legendre polynomial expansion. We find a shape peak resembling to an excitonic peak at absorption edge, whose origin is attributable to antiferromagnetic correlation in the spin background. We next investigate momentum-dependent transient charge and spin dynamics after photoirradiation by using time-dependent Lanczos-type exact diagonalization. We find a temporal oscillation in the intensity of the dynamical spin structure factor, which exhibits an antiphase behavior between, for example, two orthogonal momentum directions parallel and perpendicular to the electric field of a pump pulse. Observing such antiphase oscillations will be a big challenge for time-resolved resonant-inelastic x-ray scattering experiments.
Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of highly frustrated magnets in a cluster basis: The two-dimensional Shastry-Sutherland model
Authors: Honecker Andreas , Weber Lukas , Corboz Philippe , Mila Frédéric , Wessel Stefan
Published: March 2022

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations constitute nowadays one of the most powerful methods to study strongly correlated quantum systems, provided that no “sign problem” arises. However, many systems of interest, including highly frustrated magnets, suffer from an average sign that is close to zero in standard QMC simulations. Nevertheless, a possible sign problem depends on the simulation basis, and here we demonstrate how a suitable choice of cluster basis can be used to eliminate or at least reduce the sign problem in highly frustrated magnets that were so far inaccessible to efficient QMC simulations. We focus in particular on the application of a two-spin (dimer)-based QMC method to the thermodynamics of the spin-1/2 Shastry-Sutherland model for SrCu2(BO3)2.
Dynamics of photoinduced entanglement generation between remote electron-phonon systems
Authors: Ishida Kunio , Matsueda Hiroaki
Published: March 2022

We numerically study the dynamics of quantum entanglement generation between remote electron-phonon systems by photoirradiation employing a model of multiple spins and boson modes. The Schmidt decomposition on the time-dependent wavefunction enables us to discuss the mechanism of the entanglement generation as dynamical behaviors of the singular vectors. The calculated results show that an effective entanglement source will be provided by an appropriate measurement on the phonon state.
DFT-NEGF Study of Electron Transfer Property in Graphene Nanoribbon Double Barrier System
Authors: Sakamoto S , Tomiya M , Iida R
Published: March 2022

Current-voltage (I – V) characteristics in armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) double barrier systems (DBSs) are investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) and the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) methods. The hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) which has an analogous structure with a graphene shows wide bandgap and becomes an electrical barrier in DBSs. The heterojunction structure of AGNR and two h-BNs with one six-membered ring width has properties as a resonant tunnelling device. Due to the resonance, sharp peaks are formed in the transmission function around the Fermi energy EF
. Our previous studies have explained the origins of some peaks by solving the one-dimensional Dirac equation for massless particles. Here, by using the two-dimensional Dirac equation, we show that the remaining sharp peaks depend on the transverse nodal pattern of the wavefunction as well as the anisotropy of the Fermi velocity. Moreover, in the I – V characteristics, a flat part is formed without the negative differential resistance appearing. By partial density of state (PDOS) analysis, we reveal that the flat part in the current is caused by the fact that the peak positions in the resonance region are stable against the bias voltage.
Excitation and transport of bound magnon clusters in frustrated ferromagnetic chain
Authors: Onishi Hiroaki
Published: March 2022

We investigate magnetic excitations and spin transport properties of a frustrated spin chain with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor exchange couplings in a magnetic field by density-matrix renormalization group methods. In the field-induced quadrupole and octupole regimes, the low-energy excitation is governed by two-and three-magnon bound states, respectively, so that bound magnon clusters would contribute to the spin transport. We show that spin current correlations decrease when the system goes from the quadrupole regime into the octupole regime. This indicates that the spin transport is suppressed in the octupole regime, although bound three-magnon clusters carry a larger amount of angular momentum than bound two-magnon clusters.
3D hydrodynamics simulations of massive stars with the PROMPI code
Authors: Rizzuti F , Hirschi R , Georgy C , Arnett W D , Meakin C , Mocák M
Published: March 2022

Evolutionary models of massive stars are affected by uncertainties related to three-dimensional processes like convection. However, it is not computationally possible to simulate at the same time both the entire lifetime of a star and its fluid motions. 3D hydrodynamics simulations can be employed to study the fluid behaviour in very high detail for a short time-scale, which can be used to improve 1D models. The code PROMPI is a multi-dimensional hydrodynamics software developed specifically for simulations of the late phases in massive star interiors. In these proceedings, we present results from a new PROMPI simulation of the neon-burning shell in a 15 M© star, focusing on the interplay between convective turbulence and nuclear reactions. In particular, we show how it is possible to use the chemical composition to study the time evolution of the convective zone, which is subjected to turbulent entrainment.
Lattice QCD at nonzero temperature and density
Authors: Aarts G. , Allton C. , Hands S. , Jäger B. , Kim S. , Lombardo M. P. , Nikolaev A.A. , Ryan S. M. , Skullerud J.-I.
Published: March 2022

We discuss some selected recent developments in the field of lattice QCD at nonzero temperature and density, describing in particular the transition from the hadronic gas to the quark-gluon plasma, as seen in simulations using Wilson fermions.
Modelling of Large-scale Grid-connected PV System with Reactive Power Control Methods
Authors: Oum Chansophea , Zhang Yiyi
Published: March 2022

This paper describes detailed scrutiny of the main components contained in the system. There is a DC-DC converter that extracts the maximum amount from the photovoltaic generator. The interface inverter was developed to transfer energy from the PV module into the grid with constant common dc voltage. A 90MW PV system with a 3-phased framework linked is planned and reviewed. This system is a high-fidelity exemplary with power control in the inverters, DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters, and three-phase service grids used as components designed and formed mathematically as a reproduction model. The model contains various components such as the boost converter, the PV control modes, the inverter, and the framework utility. The essence of the reactive power generation in the PV inverter is represented. The components are modelled physically to generate high-fidelity simulation. Active and reactive power measurements are accurately taken and analysed. The study of the PQ controller is presented in the framework connection control of the system. The simulation results obtained in the modelling process show an effective power-controlled model.
NV-center distribution and ODMR spectra in two types of natural diamonds
Authors: Breev I D , Yakovleva V V , Anisimov A N
Published: March 2022

Two types of natural diamonds were investigated by means of PL scanning and ODMR. One was irradiated by neutrons to create NV-centers and the second wasn’t specifically treated. The pattern of NV-center distribution was found such that NV-centers in untreated diamond are localized in a special direction, supposedly sliding planes. Furthermore, the spin Hamiltonian parameters E and D of NV-center ground state, calculated by ODMR spectra in untreated diamond, depend on the surface point.
Dimer of dielectric nanospheres as a generalized Huygens element
Authors: Dmitriev A A , Rybin M V
Published: March 2022

We study the conditions of suppressed backward scattering in optical oligomers. Optical oligomers are closely packed clusters of nanoparticles which support multiple resonances, allowing to achieve scattering phase rotation by 2π necessary for metalenses. In this paper we consider the simplest oligomer — a dimer, which is irradiated by a normally-incident plane wave with the magnetic field oriented along the dimer axis. Using the dipole approximation, we have derived analytically the generalized Kerker condition for this system. Similarly to a single sphere case, the electric and magnetic dipole have to be of the same amplitude to suppress the backward scattering. However, due to the inter-particle coupling, the full coupled-dipole problem must be solved to find the wavelength of the backscattering suppression. Using the coupled-dipole and coupled-multipole methods, we have found that the Kerker condition wavelength for the considered dimer is red-shifted compared to a single sphere.
Creation of effective sources of white radiation based on GaP(As,N) on silicon substrates
Authors: Lazarenko A A , Nikitina E V , Pirogov E V , Gudovskikh A S , Baranov A I , Mizerov A M , Sobolev M S
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the study of light-emitting heterostructures based on GaP(As,N) dilute nitrides, monolithically grown on silicon substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Current-voltage characteristics and electroluminescence spectra of the grown heterostructures are obtained. For the first time, a unique effect is observed in GaP(As,N) dilute nitrides - the appearance of white electroluminescence when a reverse bias is applied. The result was obtained due to the original design of the light-emitting heterostructure and the unique properties of dilute nitride solid solutions.
Conductive properties of flexible polymer composites with different carbon-based fillers
Authors: Tonkov D N , Kobylyatskaya M I , Vasilyeva E S , Semencha A V , Gasumyants V E
Published: March 2022

This paper is devoted to the comparative study of conductive properties of three types of flexible polymer composites consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a matrix and graphite, graphene or single-walled carbon nanotubes as fillers. The dependences of the resistivity on the mass fraction of different fillers are measured and analyzed within the framework of the statistical percolation theory. The percolation parameters (the values of the percolation threshold and the critical exponent) are calculated for all studied composites. Their variation depending on the filler type is discussed, taking into account a geometric shape of filler particles and the nature of the conduction process in composites in the percolation range. The sensitivity of the resistivity of synthesized composites to axial deformation at different mass fraction of fillers is also investigated. Using graphite or graphene fillers is observed to result in a higher sensitivity compared to the carbon nanotubes filler. The highest value of the gauge factor is observed when using 23 mass.% graphene filler that indicates graphene/SBR composites to be most promising for creating strain sensors.
Stochastic sandpile on a cycle
Authors: Melchionna Andrew
Published: March 2022

In the stochastic sandpile (SS) model on a graph, particles interact pairwise as follows: if two particles occupy the same vertex, they must each take an independent random walk step with some probability 0 < p < 1 of not moving. These interactions continue until each site has no more than one particle on it. We provide a formal coupling between the SS and the activated random walk models, and we use the coupling to show that for the SS with n particles on the cycle graph

Z

n

, the system stabilizes in O(n
3) time for all initial particle configurations, provided that p(n) tends to 1 sufficiently rapidly as n → ∞.
Smart Harvest Diseases Identification using Image Processing
Authors: Roshan Kanaklata , Dutta Ritam , Roy Bhaskar , Goswami Chiranjib
Published: March 2022

Manual identification of leaf or fruit diseases is nearly impossible when it comes to large scale production, and it is a very time-consuming task that also requires a large amount of manpower. Hence, the existing technology is used where the disease identification is done within minutes. When a code is developed and deployed in any of the surveillance drones, a large-scale area can be covered in minutes and with less manpower. Here, in this proposal, there are two methods proposed. One is using the keywords and the other method is where a classifier is trained with the database available and the classifier with the highest accuracy is tested against the test set and a result is obtained. When there is a huge area of land, manually identifying the leaf diseases may require a lot of manpower and also be time-consuming. Hence, deploying this code in any sprayer drone will help in identifying the diseases within minutes. Along with disease identification, the particular longitude and latitude of the disease affected leaves’ location will be saved due to the fact that when the land is huge, the farmer need not go in search of the location; instead, a drone will fly to the exact location and the respective fertiliser will be sprayed. Before identification of leaf disease, a photo of the diseased leaves will be captured, due to which, by looking at the picture, the farmer can decide whether medication is necessary or not.
Defect detection in rotating machine elements by using an improved image segmentation technique
Authors: Chawla V.K. , Yadav Ekta
Published: March 2022

In industrial applications rotating machinery is widely used. Therefore it becomes necessary to diagnose the health of rotating machinery and detect any fault during their working. The pre-determination of defects can alert the operators and overall system for any type of incident and loss. Generally, fault in the rotating machine causes a rise in temperature of the rotating elements of the machine during their working. In this work, the image segmentation technique is used on thermal images of rotating elements of a machine to identify and detect the defects in them. The main focus of this investigation is to apply linear transformation and improved hyper smoothing based local binary pattern(LTIHLBP) image segmentation technique for defect detection and compare its performance with other conventional defect detection techniques namely improved hyper-smoothing function based local binary pattern (ILHBP), Sobel and Canny. In this paper, three tests are performed to identify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The first test is performed on synthetic images to identify the accuracy and Jaccard similarity index(JSI) of the proposed segmentation method, the second test is performed on healthy moving element images and the third test is performed on faulty moving element images. The outcome of this investigation revealed that the proposed method of LTIHLBP outperforms the conventional image segmentation-based defect detection techniques and found to be capable and accurate in diagnosing and detecting defects.
Comparative study of Nano-fluids as Coolants in a Car Radiator
Authors: Aditi  , Farooque Zoya , Chauhan Nathi Ram
Published: March 2022

The automobile industry has been researching and developing ways to maximize the efficiency of the engine while ensuring the cars remain compact. One of the ways to achieve this result is by decreasing the frontal area of the car, which not only makes the car compact but will also provide the enhanced aerodynamic effect. The efficiency of a car radiator greatly depends upon the rate of heat transfer of the radiator that in turn depends on the properties of the coolant used, a coolant with higher thermal conductivity has the ability to transfer heat at a faster rate and cool down the engine quickly which results in better engine efficiency and a decrease in need of coolant volume required, pumping power and eventually the size of the radiator. That will result in a smaller frontal area which leads to engine efficiency, compact cars, and better fuel economy, and lesser emissions. Through our research, we have demonstrated that with the use of nanofluids, by virtue of their enhanced thermal conductivity property, they offer a better heat dissipation than conventional coolants thereby having a potential practical application.
An overview of integration of PV system into electric grid
Authors: Rani P , Arora V P , Sharma N K
Published: March 2022

With new developments in switching converter technology, the utilization of non-conventional energy resources as decentralized generators has gone up significantly. Integration technique has now become effective due to the globe’s energy demands, which have imposed a considerable need for alternative techniques through which electricity can be generated or integrated, and also the fact that integrating renewable electricity into traditional sources is essential to minimize the utilization of fossil fuel usage. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are at the centre of this transformation, using the sun’s abundant energy and converting it to alternating current. Due to present electricity consumption, degradation of fossil-fuel resources, and effect on the environment, research groups are increasingly willing to integrate renewable energy from this source into networks. PV generation integrated techniques are discussed, as well as the advantages of integration of PV system with electric grid, solar PV system features for integration, and the issues and alternatives of PV-grid integration are identified. This study would help in the installation of PV panels with grid integration in upcoming work while avoiding the apparent problems that have been experienced in previous projects, as well as provide data for academic scholars on the feasibility of integration of PV system with electric grid.
IP based Dual Data Security for Cloud Storage Against Denial-of-Service Attack
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Chourasia Uday , Barskar Raju
Published: March 2022

The main aim of the attacker is to increase the unwanted packets flooding in the network. It is considered as a king of assaults because it floods the network with an excessive number of useless packets, causing the network capacity to be consumed and data transmission in the network to be hampered. The primary work of DDSCS is to visualize the impact of a DoS attack on a network and identify the node or nodes that are causing the network’s performance to be negatively affected. The attacker ping attempts are very high in network but the data delivery attempts are almost negligible. The DDCSS security system examines the profiles of each node in the network through its IP address and the number of ping attempts. If the attacker is one of the nodes that flooded the network with superfluous packets, the DDSCS method prevented the attacker in the network. The simulation results demonstrate the performance of DoS, SPAS and proposed DDSCS but the DDSCS schemes, indicating that it is successful and demonstrating a 0% attacking rate in the presence of an attacker.
Performance Analysis of Fully Depleted SOI (FD-SOI) MOSFET Incorporating Dielectric Engineering
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Vashishath Munish , Gupta Neeraj , Gupta Rashmi
Published: March 2022

This paper presents an efficacy of an FD SOI MOSFET structure in suppressing short channel effects is investigated through 2-Dimenional simulation on ATLAS Silvaco. The electrical comparison between Bulk MOSFET, FD-SOI MOSFET and FD-SOI MOSFET using high-k gate dielectric at 45nm technology has been carried out. The structures have been designed and study of threshold voltage, sub threshold slope, drain current (Ion), leakage current (Ioff), Ion/Ioff, transconductance has been done. The features offered by the new device structure are found to be better than the conventional bulk MOSFET. Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) has been compared to SiO2 as dielectric material. As the dielectric constant of the materials increased, there is a reduction in the leakage current. It provides higher transconductance and better subthreshold slope, thus resulting in improvement of the device. A comparative analysis has been carried out among bulk MOSFET and SOI MOSFET using aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and silicon nitride as gate dielectric materials. Aluminum Oxide also provides higher drain current as compared to other dielectric materials presented in the paper. Thus, Aluminum Oxide is a good candidate as a dielectric for the future devices as compared to traditional oxides. The proposed device can be useful for low power applications.
Investigation of Stability Analysis and Control of synchronous generator connected infinite bus system under fault condition
Authors: Rupesh Kumar A , Hussain Zakir
Published: March 2022

This paper focuses on the Investigation of stability analysis and control of synchronous generator integrated to infinite bus system. The stability of power system is analysis of taking different configurations for suppress the oscillations of various dynamic results by using proper facts devices and manages the gains of synchronous machine regulators for better results. However, increasing the stability of system when synchronous generator integrated to infinite bus system under fault conditions and Different oscillatory modes are obtained with their eigenvalues, and the results from eigenvalue analysis are presented to demonstrate the various configurations of system.
A Recapitulation of Electric Spring for Demand Side Management & Power Quality Mitigation
Authors: Solanke Sanjana Satish , Jadoun Vinay Kumar , Jayalakshmi N. S. , Kanwar Neeraj , Shrivastava Ashish
Published: March 2022

The Mechanical Springs act has developed into electric spring (ES). The efficient law developed by Hooke’s, has been upraised with the new scientific application which pays vital role in this modern society. The main function of this highly new grid technology provides distributed energy storage, voltage regulation, amplify the power quality and stability in a highly and reliable way. So the improvised control scheme has been assist to open new and different avenues to utilize the electric spring to greater extent. Electric Spring is new and innovative concept by which modern society is able to renew natural energy in easy way. Power match between the generation facet as well as the demand facet will be effectively relieved. This theory transforms many non- critical loads with smart loads in the latest century that have automatically following power generation. It is a novel control approach which is needed in the new future smart grid. The previous concept of output voltage control turns into new one that is input voltage control which is based on reactive power to emphasize this work. Because of the rise in the growth of smart grids, micro grids and RESs, it seems to be observed that ES has been growing in popularity for the past few years. It is a form of power system stability solution and it will be ultimate demand side management which is ready to provide stability solutions.
Effect of Nanoparticle on the Performance of Water Lubricated Journal Bearing
Authors: Chauhan Nathi Ram , Khera Arhantika , Agarwal Shubhi , Bagri Mehak , Aggarwal Aditi
Published: March 2022

Journal bearings have widespread use in machinery with rotating shafts. Hydrodynamic journal bearings have lubricating fluid present between shaft and bearing to reduce friction and allow smooth operation. The lubricating fluid develops pressure when bearing is in operation and this pressure is used to carry load on the shaft. The commonly used lubricants in the industry are petroleum based synthetic oils. To do away with the disposal issues and toxicity regarding synthetic oils, water is used as the lubricating fluid for this study. The effect of adding nanoparticles to water is studied and a program in MATLAB is developed to determine the characteristics of bearing, namely load carrying capacity, coefficients of stiffness and coefficients of damping for shaft speeds 500 rpm, 1000 rpm and 1500 rpm. It is observed that addition of nanoparticles results in increased magnitude of load carrying capacity and the bearing exhibits high value of damping and stiffness coefficients indicating stability of shaft for every speed.
3D bioassembly of cell-instructive chondrogenic and osteogenic hydrogel microspheres containing allogeneic stem cells for hybrid biofabrication of osteochondral constructs
Authors: Cui Xiaolin , Alcala-Orozco Cesar R , Baer Kenzie , Li Jun , Murphy Caroline A , Durham Mitch , Lindberg Gabriella , Hooper Gary J , Lim Khoon S , Woodfield Tim B F
Published: March 2022

Recently developed modular bioassembly techniques hold tremendous potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, due to their ability to recreate the complex microarchitecture of native tissue. Here, we developed a novel approach to fabricate hybrid tissue-engineered constructs adopting high-throughput microfluidic and 3D bioassembly strategies. Osteochondral tissue fabrication was adopted as an example in this study, because of the challenges in fabricating load bearing osteochondral tissue constructs with phenotypically distinct zonal architecture. By developing cell-instructive chondrogenic and osteogenic bioink microsphere modules in high-throughput, together with precise manipulation of the 3D bioassembly process, we successfully fabricated hybrid engineered osteochondral tissue in vitro with integrated but distinct cartilage and bone layers. Furthermore, by encapsulating allogeneic umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, and demonstrating chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, the hybrid biofabrication of hydrogel microspheres in this 3D bioassembly model offers potential for an off-the-shelf, single-surgery strategy for osteochondral tissue repair.
Culture of cancer spheroids and evaluation of anti-cancer drugs in 3D-printed miniaturized continuous stirred tank reactors (mCSTRs)
Authors: Gallegos-Martínez Salvador , Lara-Mayorga Itzel Montserrat , Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Mendoza-Buenrostro Christian , Flores-Garza Brenda Giselle , Reyes-Cortés Luisa María , Segoviano-Ramírez Juan Carlos , Zhang Yu Shrike , Trujillo-de Santiago Grissel , Álvarez Mario Moisés
Published: March 2022

Cancer continues to be a leading cause of mortality in modern societies; therefore, improved and more reliable in vitro cancer models are needed to expedite fundamental research and anti-cancer drug development. Here, we describe the use of a miniaturized continuous stirred tank reactor (mCSTR) to first fabricate and mature cancer spheroids (i.e. derived from MCF7 cells, DU145 cells, and a mix of MCF7 cells and fibroblasts), and then to conduct anti-cancer drug assays under continuous perfusion. This 3 ml mCSTR features an off-center agitation system that enables homogeneous chaotic laminar mixing at low speeds to support cell aggregation. We incubated cell suspensions for 3 d in ultra-low-attachment plates to allow formation of discoid cell aggregates (∼600 µm in diameter). These cell aggregates were then transferred into mCSTRs and continuously fed with culture medium. We characterized the spheroid morphology and the expression of relevant tumor biomarkers at different maturation times for up to 4 weeks. The spheroids progressively increased in size during the first 5–6 d of culture to reach a steady diameter between 600 and 800 µm. In proof-of-principle experiments, we demonstrated the use of this mCSTR in anti-cancer drug testing. Three drugs commonly used in breast cancer treatment (doxorubicin, docetaxel, and paclitaxel) were probed at different concentrations in MCF7-derived spheroids. In these experiments, we evaluated cell viability, glucose consumption, spheroid morphology, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and the expression of genes associated with drug resistance (ABCB1 and ABCC1) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl2). We envision the use of this agitated system as a tumor-on-a-chip platform to expedite efficacy and safety testing of novel anti-cancer drugs and possibly in personalized medicine applications.
Two distinct networks containing position-tolerant representations of actions in the human brain
Authors: Yargholi Elahé , Hossein-Zadeh Gholam-Ali , Vaziri-Pashkam Maryam
Published: March 2022

Humans can recognize others’ actions in the social environment. This action recognition ability is rarely hindered by the movement of people in the environment. The neural basis of this position tolerance for observed actions is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to identify brain regions capable of generalizing representations of actions across different positions and investigate the representational content of these regions. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, participants viewed point-light displays of different human actions. Stimuli were presented in either the upper or the lower visual field. Multivariate pattern analysis and a surface-based searchlight approach were employed to identify brain regions that contain position-tolerant action representation: Classifiers were trained with patterns in response to stimuli presented in one position and were tested with stimuli presented in another position. Results showed above-chance classification in the left and right lateral occipitotemporal cortices, right intraparietal sulcus, and right postcentral gyrus. Further analyses exploring the representational content of these regions showed that responses in the lateral occipitotemporal regions were more related to subjective judgments, while those in the parietal regions were more related to objective measures. These results provide evidence for two networks that contain abstract representations of human actions with distinct representational content.
Risk Allocation: The Contractual Practice of Chinese Charitable Trusts
Authors: Jing Hui
Published: March 2022

In 2016, the Charity Law of the People’s Republic of China (Charity Law) introduced the charitable trust into the Chinese domestic system, with a view to releasing the potential of trusts to promote charitable activities. Drawing upon the failure of public welfare trusts, the new charity law designates special regulators for charitable trusts and endows settlors with extensive powers in the utilization of the charitable trust device. However, the new law on charitable trusts is vague and incomplete in numerous respects. Because of the vagueness of the law, public supervision, and regulatory scrutiny, trust parties might perceive risks in the creation and management of charitable trusts, and such perceptions may in turn motivate trust parties to use contractual tools to allocate such risks among themselves. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews and the study of real-world charitable trust contracts, this article offers a comprehensive analysis of the role of contracts in the regulation of charitable trusts. It explores the main uses of contracts in the field of charitable trusts and the reasons leading to such uses; it also aims to better understand how the scope and function of the legislative framework for charitable trusts is shaped by contractual arrangements between trust parties.
The Homotopy Momentum Map of General Relativity
Authors: Blohmann Christian
Published: March 2022

We show that the action of spacetime vector fields on the variational bicomplex of general relativity has a homotopy momentum map that extends the map from vector fields to conserved currents given by Noether’s 1st theorem to a morphism of $L_\infty $-algebras.
Perinatal outcomes in anemic pregnant women in public hospitals of eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Debella Adera , Eyeberu Addis , Getachew Tamirat , Atnafe Genanaw , Geda Biftu , Dheresa Merga
Published: March 2022

Background

Anemia is a worldwide problem with serious effects for mothers and their babies. Although efforts have been made to lessen the burden of anemia, it has remained a problem. Moreover, there is a paucity of information regarding the perinatal outcomes of anemia in the study area. Thus this study aimed to assess the perinatal outcomes in anemic pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 systematically selected pregnant women. Data were collected by interview and entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported into SPSS for Windows version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to determine the association between independent variables and the outcome variable.

Results

Among pregnant women, 61.9% had an adverse perinatal outcome. The most common reported adverse perinatal outcomes were preterm birth, congenital anomalies and stillbirths. Furthermore, variables such as educational status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.11 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.245 to 3.58]), antenatal care follow-up (AOR 2.75 [95% CI 1.47 to 5.18]) and hemoglobin level (AOR 4.1 [95% CI 2.609 to 6.405]) were significantly associated with perinatal outcomes.

Conclusions

Nearly three-fourths of anemic pregnant women experienced adverse perinatal outcomes. In general, this study identified that educational status, antenatal follow-up and hemoglobin level were associated with perinatal outcomes among anemic pregnant women. To prevent adverse perinatal outcomes, efforts must be made to ensure that all pregnant women receive antenatal care and have adequate maternal nutritional status.
Observing interventions: a logic for thinking about experiments
Authors: Barbero Fausto , Schulz Katrin , Velázquez-Quesada Fernando R , Xie Kaibo
Published: March 2022

This paper makes a first step towards a logic of learning from experiments. For this, we investigate formal frameworks for modeling the interaction of causal and (qualitative) epistemic reasoning. Crucial for our approach is the idea that the notion of an intervention can be used as a formal expression of a (real or hypothetical) experiment (Pearl, 2009, Causality. Models, Reasoning, and Inference, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Woodward, 2003, Making Things Happen, vol. 114 of Oxford Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Oxford University Press). In a first step we extend a causal model (Briggs, 2012, Philosophical Studies, 160, 139–166; Galles and Pearl, 1998, An axiomatic characterisation of causal counterfactuals. Foundations of Science, 3, 151–182; Halpern, 2000, Axiomatizing causal reasoning. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 12, 317–337; Pearl, 2009, Causality. Models, Reasoning, and Inference, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) with a simple Hintikka-style representation of the epistemic state of an agent. In the resulting setting, one can talk about the knowledge of an agent and information update. The resulting logic can model reasoning about thought experiments. However, it is unable to account for learning from experiments, which is clearly brought out by the fact that it validates the principle of no learning for interventions. Therefore, in a second step, we implement a more complex notion of knowledge (Nozick, 1981, Philosophical Explanations. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts) that allows an agent to observe (measure) certain variables when an experiment is carried out. This extended system does allow for learning from experiments. For all the proposed logics, we provide a sound and complete axiomatization.
DNACPR Decisions: Aligning Law, Guidance, and Practice
Authors: Michalowski Sabine , Martin Wayne
Published: March 2022

Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions are a means to consider in advance the appropriateness of CPR measures if an acute crisis arises. During the COVID-19 pandemic, problems with such decisions, for example the putting in place of DNACPR decisions for all residents of certain care homes, received a lot of attention, prompting a Care Quality Commission (CQC) report with recommendations for improvement. Building on the CQC report, our article addresses a cluster of legal uncertainties surrounding DNACPR decisions, in particular about the grounds for such decisions and the correct procedures for the legally required consultation, including with whom to consult.

This article will also analyse commonly used DNACPR forms, as well as the Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment (ReSPECT) form, which aims to incorporate DNACPR decisions as part of more holistic end-of-life care planning. The analysis shows that all forms exhibit shortcomings in reflecting the legal requirements for DNACPR decisions. We recommend a number of changes to the forms aimed at rendering DNACPR practice compliant with the law and more protective of the person’s human rights.
Myotis lavali(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Novaes Roberto Leonan M , Hintze Frederico , Moratelli Ricardo
Published: March 2022

Myotis lavali Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias, and Oliveira, 2011 is a vespertilionid bat commonly called LaVal’s myotis. It is a small- to medium-sized bat with long silky fur; dorsal fur strongly bicolored, with medium-brown bases and light-brown tips. It occurs from Northeastern Brazil to Paraguay and northern Argentina, and its distribution is associated with the South American diagonal of dry formations (Caatinga, Cerrado, Chaco, and Pantanal biomes), with peripheral records in the adjacent Atlantic Forest. Myotis lavali is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
The Fe–S proteome of Escherichia coli: prediction, function, and fate
Authors: Lénon Marine , Arias-Cartín Rodrigo , Barras Frédéric
Published: March 2022

Iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are inorganic ubiquitous and ancient cofactors. Fe–S-bound proteins contribute to most cellular processes, including DNA replication and integrity, genetic expression and regulation, metabolism, biosynthesis, and most bioenergetics systems. Also, Fe–S proteins hold a great biotechnological potential in metabolite and chemical production, including antibiotics. From classic biophysics and spectroscopy methodologies to recent development in bioinformatics, including structural modeling and chemoproteomics, our capacity to predict and identify Fe–S proteins has spectacularly increased over the recent years. Here, these developments are presented and collectively used to update the composition of Escherichia coli Fe–S proteome, for which we predict 181 occurrences, i.e. 40 more candidates than in our last catalog, and equivalent to 4% of its total proteome. Besides, Fe–S clusters can be targeted by redox active compounds or reactive oxygen and nitrosative species, and even be destabilized by contaminant metals. Accordingly, we discuss how cells handle damaged Fe–S proteins, i.e. degradation, recycling, or repair.
Ionomic responses of hydroponic-grown basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) to cadmium long-time exposure
Authors: Teles Vânia de Lourdes G , Sousa Giselle V , Modolo Luzia V , Augusti Rodinei , Costa Letícia M
Published: March 2022

The ionomic response of basil leaves, stems, and roots to Cd2+ was evaluated in seedlings grown in a hydroponic system for 15 days. Ions were quantified by the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cd accumulated mainly in roots, while Be, Li, Ca, Mg, and Sr in leaves, and K and Mn in stems. Compared to the control group, basil seedlings treated with Cd2+ accumulated higher Ca, Cu, Mn, Sr, and Zn contents in roots, even when exposed at low levels. Pearson positive correlations between Cd and essential and nonessential elements were mostly observed in leaves and roots (P < 0.05). On the other hand, negative correlations were observed mainly in stems with all elements except Ba, Li, Sr, and Zn. Principal component analysis showed an ionomic discrimination between leaves, stems, and roots, with Cd strongly correlated to Zn, Cu, and Sr.