bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles by co-Precipitation Method for Degradation of Congo Red Dye
Authors:   Magister Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Sriwijaya University, Nurmayansih Astri , Hariani Poedji Loekitowati , Said Muhammad
Published: February 2022

NiFe2O4 nanoparticle was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. This study done to the purpose for get the photocatalyst magnetic. The product of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles was characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS and UV-DRS instrumentation. The result of characterization of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles was showed a sharp intensity peak at 2θ of 35.73o. The characterization using FTIR was showed the absorption band of Ni-O metal oxide at 779.24 cm-1 and the absorption band of Fe-O metal oxide at 694.37 cm-1. Characterization using SEM-EDS showed the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles have agglomeration because the nanoparticles possess high surface energy. The composition element of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles was 47.84% O, 15.37% Fe, and 9.89% Ni. Meanwhile, the result of characterization using UV DRS was showed sharp peak intensity of wavelength at 319 nm. The band gap energy of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with direct transition in 1.11 eV and indirect transition in 1.98 eV using the Tauc method. The small band gap energy to increases the photocatalytic activity of material. Then, the result of photodegradation toward Congo red was showed effectively at the concentration in 100 mg/L, the contact time in 25 minutes and the pH in pH 5.7 with removal effectivity was 71.104%.
Dapatkah Religiusitas Islami Memoderasi Pengaruh Sifat Machiavellian dan Pengetahuan Akuntansi terhadap Persepsi Praktik Creative Accounting?
Authors: Anggraini Dahlia Tri , Aziza Nur Amalia
Published: February 2022

Creative accounting basically aims to make financial reports look good and stable according to SAK, currently however, it is used as a manipulation to mislead stakeholders. The manipulation is carried out through numbers in the recording of financial transactions. This self-interest activity tends to benefit one party and mislead another. This study aims to analyze the effect of Machiavellianism and accounting knowledge on the perceptions of creative accounting practice with the moderating role of Islamic religiosity. Using convenience sampling technique, we collect data from three sharia banks that of 30 employees who work in accounting division by distributing questionnaire. We analyze the data with Smart PLS 3 for Windows. This study finds that Machiavellianism and accounting knowledge has a significant positive effect on the perception of creative accounting practice. Meanwhile, Islamic religiosity has no significant negative effect on moderating the influence of Machiavellianism on the perceptions of creative accounting practice, and no significant positive effect on moderating the effect of accounting knowledge on the perceptions of creative accounting practice.
Design of thermoelectric cooling devices
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chernova A.A. , Chernov A.I. ,   St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: February 2022

The advantages and applications of thermoelectric cooling in marine systems are considered. The program for calculating thermoelectric modules and designing the basic units of the cooling system is described.
A Modified Advanced Encryption Standard for Color Images
Authors: Jassim Sarah , Majeed Sarab
Published: February 2022

The widespread use of images, especially color images and rapid advancement of computer science, have led to an emphasis on securing these images and defending them against intruders. One of the most popular ways to protect images is to use encryption algorithms that convert data in a way that is not recognized by someone other than the intended user. The Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm (AES) is one of the most protected encryption algorithms. However, due to various types of theoretical and practical assaults, like a statistical attack, differential analysis, and brute force attack, its security is under attack.

In this paper, a modified AES coined as (M-AES) is proposed to improve the efficiency of the AES algorithm by increasing the algorithm's security to make the algorithm more suitable for color image encryption, and make it more resistant to many attacks. The modification is conducted on ShiftRows transformation of the original AES algorithm. To test the efficiency of the proposed M-AES algorithm, several images are drawn from the Signal and Image Processing Institute's (SIPI) image dataset. Moreover, the Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Entropy (H), Correlation Coefficient (CC), visual evaluation of histogram, Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) are used as an evaluation metric. The results show that proposed modiﬁcation to the AES algorithm makes the algorithm more appropriate to image and surpasses the original AES. 

The modification is conducted on ShiftRows step of the original AES algorithm. To test the efficiency of the proposed M-AES algorithm, several images are drawn from the signal and image processing institute's (SIPI) image dataset. Moreover, the mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), entropy (H), correlation coefficient (CC), visual evaluation of histogram, number of pixels change rate (NPCR) and unified average changing intensity (UACI) are used as an evaluation metrics. The results show that the suggested modification to AES makes it's more appropriate to the image and surpasses the original AES.
أثر بعض المحددات التنظيمية على ممارسات إدارة الجودة الشاملة دراسة استطلاعية في شركة الموصل للحديد والصلب في محافظة نينوى
Authors: الحيالي يونس غازي رجب , الجبوري ميسر إبراهيم أحمد
Published: February 2022

الشاملة/دراسة استطلاعية في شركة الموصل للحديد والصلب في محافظة نينوى، واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لغرض الوصول إلى الأهداف المنشودة من هذا البحث، وتبلورت مشكلة البحث بتساؤلين وكالآتي: 1. هل تؤثر المحددات التنظيمية )الهيكل التنظيمي، الثقافة التنظيمية( في ممارسات ادارة الجودة الشاملة في الشركات الصناعية عينة البحث؟ 2. هل تتباين المحددات التنظيمية )الهيكل التنظيمي، الثقافة التنظيمية( في تأثيرها على ممارسات ادارة الجودة الشاملة وفق اراء العينة المختارة في الشركات قيد البحث؟ وللإجابة عن التساؤلات التي تم ورودها في أعلاه تم الاعتماد مجموعة من الفرضيات التي بعد جمع البيانات من خلال ،)SPSS تم اختبارها باستخدام البرمجة الاحصائية الجاهزة ) 20 استمارة الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة، اذ تم توزيع الاستبانة على العاملين في شركة الموصل للحديد والصلب بواقع ) 49 (، استناد الى ذلك بعدد من المقابلات الشخصية. وكانت من أبرز الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث هي وجود تأثير بين المحددات التنظيمية المتمثلة ب )الهيكل التنظيمي، الثقافة التنظيمية( وممارسات ادارة الجودة الشاملة، وفي ضوء هذه الاستنتاجات تمكن الباحثان من صياغة مقترحات عدة أهما ضرورة اهتمام المدراء في المستويات الإدارية العليا في الشركات الصناعية بممارسات إدارة الجودة الشاملة.
دور مهارات رجال البيع في تعزيز قيمة الزبون دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من زبائن معارض السيارات في مدينة الموصل(*)
Authors: عباس سهيل لقمان , يحيى علاء عبدالسلام
Published: February 2022

يهدف البحث إلى قياس مهارات رجال البيع في معارض السيارات في مدينة الموصل وبيان إسهامها في تعزيز قيمة الزبون، وتكمن مشكلة البحث في بيان مستوى مهارات رجال البيع في معارض السيارات ومن ثم إلى أي مدى يمكن اعتماد مهارات رجال البيع مدخلاً لتعزيز قيمة الزبون في المعارض المبحوثة، وقد تم التحليل الاحصائي لمجموعة البيانات المرتبطة بهذين المتغيرين والتي أعدت لهذه الغرض، وقد توصل البحث إلى عدد من الاستنتاجات أهمها إن مستوى مهارات رجال البيع في معارض بيع السيارات متوسطة، وتمارس دوراً هاما في تعزيز القيمة المقدمة للزبون، وأفرزت تلك الاستنتاجات مجموعة من المقترحات أبرزها اهمية تدريب رجال البيع على طريقة إعداد المقترحات البيعية، لما لهذه المقترحات دور رئيس في إتمام العملية البيعية. الكلمات المفتاحية: مهارات رجال البيع، قيمة الزبون.
Epidemiologia e tratamento da Esofagite Eosinofílica: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Martins Pedro Henrique Pinto , Fraga Anna Luiza Guimarães , Carvalho Fernanda Souto , Porto Gustavo Martins de Araujo , Delaia Isadora Nunes , Lopes Mikaela de Miranda , Breves Renzo Curty , Marins Thales Montela , Luiz Yago Souza , Bonancim Renan Alexandre Baptista
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Revisar de forma didática a abordagem geral da Esofagite Eosinofílica (EEo), discutindo desde a epidemiologia até o tratamento. Revisão bibliográfica: A doença é caracterizada pelo acúmulo de eosinófilos no esôfago e possui maior incidência nos adultos. A fisiopatologia da EEo está ligada a fatores genéticos, ambientais e alérgenos, que atraem eosinófilos e linfócitos T para a região. As células T helper 2 são estimuladas a produzirem interleucinas, as quais ativam eosinófilos e estimulam produção de eotaxina-3 e redução da produção de filagrina e desmogleína 1, enfraquecendo a barreira epitelial e facilitando a inflamação. Crianças possuem dificuldade de crescimento e ganho de peso, enquanto adultos possuem disfagia, regurgitação e plenitude. O diagnóstico se dá pela presença de 15 eosinófilos em pelo menos uma das seis amostras de biópsias esofagianas realizadas por via endoscópica. A primeira linha de tratamento é usada com Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons e corticosteroides, junto com dietas. A dilatação mecânica por endoscopia e o uso de biológicos faz-se necessário quando o paciente não responde a terapia. Considerações finais: A EEo ainda é uma enfermidade de difícil diagnóstico com presença de sintomas confundidos com Doença do Refluxo Gastroesofágico. Quando presente deve ser rapidamente tratada, evitando complicações.
O uso de antiagregantes plaquetários na pré-eclâmpsia: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Bertoco Mariana Cardoso , Azambuja Kamylla Santos
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Discorrer sobre a pré-eclâmpsia em gestantes e o uso de antiagregantes plaquetários como prevenção desta doença de forma atualizada. Revisão bibliográfica: A pré-eclâmpsia é uma condição relacionada à gravidez que pode ser fatal para mãe e feto. É uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade materna no Brasil. Caracteriza-se por pressão arterial alta, edema significativo e proteinúria. O uso de AAS, um antiagregante plaquetário, em pacientes com alto risco ou que já tiveram pré-eclâmpsia anteriormente se mostrou benéfico e seguro em prevenir a doença nos estudos avaliados. Considerações finais: O uso de AAS em baixas doses em pacientes com risco de desenvolver pré-eclâmpsia apresenta boas evidências, entretanto, ainda não há consenso mundial sobre doses, quando iniciar o tratamento ou como fazer o rastreamento adequado nas gestantes. Há ainda a necessidade de encontrar novas terapias para a doença e melhorar o desfecho materno e fetal em pacientes que desenvolveram a PE mesmo após o uso de AAS.
La norme protectrice du divertissement : le droit du patrimoine culturel immatériel
Authors: de Clippele Marie-Sophie
Published: February 2022

La sauvegarde des divertissements et du folklore d’antan, et encore vivants aujourd’hui, passe par le patrimoine culturel immatériel. Apparue récemment dans les différentes sources juridiques, la notion de patrimoine culturel immatériel est de plus en plus reconnue, même si de nombreuses questions et incertitudes demeurent. Cet article vise à analyser l’historique de la notion à travers les sources juridiques, commençant par la sphère internationale, là où la reconnaissance du patrimoine culturel immatériel a germé et a été consacrée. S’inspirant du modèle international et contribuant au succès de la Convention de l’UNESCO de 2003, la législation en Belgique reconnait de plus en plus l’importance de la sauvegarde de ce patrimoine et constitue, notamment par sa diversité institutionnelle, un objet d’étude intéressant.
Une oisiveté dangereuse. Vers une réglementation du "temps libre" dans les armées bourguignonnes sous Charles le Hardi (1471-1477)
Authors: Verreycken Quentin
Published: February 2022

Cet article traite des réformes disciplinaires du duc de Bourgogne Charles le Hardi en matière militaire entre 1471 et 1476. Plus spécifiquement, on analysera la tentative du duc de réglementer le « temps libre » des soldats bourguignons lorsqu’ils n’étaient pas en train de manœuvrer ou de combattre sur le champ de bataille. Le principal argument défendu ici est qu’en interdisant certaines activité de divertissement, tels les jeux de dé ou les beuveries, et en instituant des entraînements collectifs aléatoires afin de prévenir la désertion et insuffler un esprit de loyauté parmi les gens de guerre, Charles tenta de diffuser un nouveau modèle de discipline militaire dans ses armées ; un modèle qui, en dépit des échecs du duc, peut être considéré comme l’un des points d’origine de la révolution militaire du XVIe siècle.
Consulter, débattre, négocier et légiférer en matière d’assurance maritime aux niveaux central et municipal aux Pays-Bas (Anvers-Bruxelles, 1555-1571)
Authors: De Ruysscher Dave , Puttevils Jeroen
Published: February 2022

En octobre 1555, un homme d’affaires, Giovanni Battista Ferrufini, propose au Conseil des finances de centraliser le courtage et l’enregistrement de contrats à Anvers en matière d’assurance maritime. En réponse, le gouvernement princier consulte des experts et des marchands versés dans cette matière. Après un certain temps, un lobbying s’effectue sous forme de pétitions rédigées par nombre de marchands avec l’aide de certains échevins de la cité scaldienne. Les débats entre partisans et opposants du projet Ferrufini se transforment en discussions législatives qui aboutissent, en 1558, à un compromis. Quand Ferrufini quitte la scène (vers 1561) que s’ensuivent de nouvelles contestations, le gouvernement princier agit de façon unilatérale et promulgue, en 1563, un modèle de contrat rigide. Mais, incapable de faire respecter les dispositions, un compromis doit de nouveau être trouvé. Celui-ci se matérialisa par l’ordonnance princière de janvier 1571. Une analyse détaillée des documents produits lors des débats mentionnés démontre que les positions d’acteurs importants évoluèrent au fil des discussions. Ces documents éclairent un peu plus le processus législatif de type consultatif qui était primordiale pour les acteurs de l’époque étudiée.
Restoring Order in the County of Burgundy – how Eudes IV's "réformateurs" acted in 1337 and in 1343-1344
Authors: Le Strat-Lelong Sylvie
Published: February 2022

Eudes IV, à la fois duc et comte de Bourgogne entre 1330 et 1349, institua à deux reprises des réformateurs dans le comté, juges et enquêteurs chargés d’y corriger les abus des officiers du domaine. Il introduisit ainsi dans la province une pratique royale française, qu’il utilisa lui-même dans son duché. Le pouvoir judiciaire de ces commissaires s’exerçait principalement sur les prévôts, portés à tous les excès et pénalisés par de lourdes amendes. Il s’étendait également aux justiciables ordinaires et pouvait suppléer celui du Parlement. L’opération, non seulement financièrement très rentable pour le prince, revêtait aussi une forte charge symbolique, permettant à ce dernier d’affirmer son pouvoir en Franche-Comté dans un contexte troublé d’opposition nobiliaire. Elle participa donc largement à la construction de l’État mise en œuvre par Eudes IV dans le comté de Bourgogne durant son principat.
Research on the adviser-commissioner in the Parliament of Flanders
Authors: Limelette Renaud
Published: February 2022

En l’absence d’instrument de recherche de la sous-série 8 B 1 des archives départementales du Nord, la plupart des écrits scientifiques sur le conseil souverain de Tournai, puis du parlement de Flandre, reposaient jusqu’alors soit sur l’analyse des édits et des ordonnances royaux soit sur quelques ouvrages historiques ou de doctrine. Aujourd’hui plus accessible, cette sous-série, où sont conservés essentiellement les dossiers de procédure de la cour, s’ avère riche en renseignements. À travers ces dossiers, c’est toute l’activité en amont de la phase de jugement qui se révèle au chercheur. Ils éclairent d’un nouveau jour la littérature juridique de la fin du xviiE siècle et du xviiiE siècle. Ils mettent ainsi en lumière le rôle du conseiller-commissaire dans la procédure. En effet, appliquée à un grand nombre de pièces de nature et d’origine diverses, une analyse lexicographique a permis de dresser le statut et les fonctions du conseiller-commissaire. Pour dresser ce portrait il a fallu débusquer dans le vocabulaire des sources le sens des mots. Ce sens n’est apparu qu’en se débarrassant du cartésianisme contemporain qui conduit à rechercher par déduction et non par induction. La recherche inductive, en redonnant leur sens aux mots ou aux locutions souvent mal interprétés, a permis de retracer les conditions prévalentes au choix des premiers conseillers de la cour, l’honneur et la dignité attachés à la charge de conseiller-commissaire ont pu être dégagés, la place centrale du conseiller-commissaire dans la procédure a émergé des sources exploitées, et les modalités effectives du travail du conseiller-commissaire se sont dégagées.
La mise en défens et la plantation fourragère : deux modes de restauration pour améliorer la végétation, la fertilité et l’état de la surface du sol dans les parcours arides algériens
Authors: Amghar Fateh , Langlois Estelle , Forey Estelle , Margerie Pierre
Published: February 2022

Description du sujet. Ces quatre dernières décennies ont été marquées par la lutte contre la désertification et la protection des écosystèmes steppiques, devenues des priorités en Algérie. Plusieurs modalités de restauration ont été retenues pour gérer, voire restaurer les parcours steppiques sensibles. Objectifs. L’étude menée vise à quantifier l’effet de deux techniques de restauration (mise en défens et plantation fourragère) quatre ans après leur mise en place sur le recouvrement par la végétation, les paramètres physico-chimiques du sol et l’état de sa surface dans des parcours arides algériens initialement dégradés. Méthode. Trois-cent-douze relevés phytoécologiques et pédologiques ont été effectués quatre ans après la mise en œuvre de la gestion (plantation + mise en défens ou mise en défens seule) ainsi que sur des parcelles non aménagées. Des paramètres descripteurs de la végétation, les éléments de la surface du sol et les paramètres chimiques des horizons de surface ont été mesurés pour chaque modalité de traitement. Résultats. De nombreux paramètres phytoécologiques et édaphiques sont significativement différents dans les espaces restaurés par rapport aux espaces non aménagés, particulièrement les taux d’azote total et de matière organique. Les paramètres granulométriques sont stables. Conclusions. Notre étude montre que les deux techniques de restauration dans les régions arides permettent en un temps relativement court (quatre ans) une amélioration des propriétés physico-chimiques du sol. Nous suggérons l’utilisation du pourcentage de la surface du sol sous forme d’éléments grossiers comme indicateur de l’état de restauration du système et comme aide à la décision de rouvrir au pâturage les surfaces restaurées.
Microalgae as a potential source of single-cell proteins. A review
Authors: Barka Abakoura , Blecker Christophe
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Microalgae can be considered as one of the most reliable natural sources of nutrients and other valuable substances that could satisfy the growing needs in food and energy. In this review article, the global potential for the use of microalgae and the protein content of a number of microalgae is examined with a brief description of the microalgae species. Literature. Despite the high protein content and the presence of other valuable substances in microalgal biomass, microalgae mass production is still at its embryonic level. Microalgal proteins exhibit good nutritional, functional and technofunctional properties when compared to some conventional protein concentrates. Conclusions. There is therefore a need for the mass production of microalgae to be boosted by public and private institutions in order to avoid protein shortages.
Utilité d’une typologie des exploitants artisanaux de bois pour contribuer à la formulation d’une politique publique en province Orientale (RD Congo)
Authors: Ongona Pitchou Tshimpanga , Lescuyer Guillaume , Vleminckx Jason , Abdala Bernard Adebu , Lokombe † Dimandja
Published: February 2022

Description du sujet. Cet article traite de la typologie des exploitants artisanaux de bois en vue d’aider à la formulation d’une politique publique en province Orientale (RDC). Objectifs. L’objectif est de caractériser l’exploitation artisanale de bois d’œuvre pour proposer la mise en place de voies légales afin d’accroitre sa contribution à l’économie nationale. Méthode. Des enquêtes ont été réalisées avec 412 exploitants artisanaux actifs dans 23 villages de la province Orientale entre 2010 et 2012. Une analyse factorielle des données mixtes (FAMD) et la classification hiérarchique des composantes principales (HCPC) ont été réalisées. Résultats. Trois types d’exploitants artisanaux sont distingués : les scieurs d’origine provinciale ravitaillant les marchés de Kinshasa, les scieurs d’origine locale desservant les marchés locaux et les scieurs originaires des autres provinces que la province Orientale approvisionnant les marchés du Kivu et d’Ouganda. Conclusions. La prise en compte de la spécificité de chacun de ces groupes d’opérateurs artisanaux permet d’améliorer l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre des mesures de politique publique nécessaires pour sécuriser et formaliser l’activité.
Revue sur les analogies et les différences relevées entre un cône de houblon et une baie de raisin : arômes soufrés et azotés
Authors: Cibaka Marie-Lucie Kankolongo , Gros Jacques , Collin Sonia
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Plusieurs similitudes peuvent être relevées entre le cône de houblon et la baie de raisin. Nous nous focaliserons dans cet article sur leurs arômes soufrés et azotés. Littérature. Bien qu'initialement développées sur la vigne, les recherches sur les thiols polyfonctionnels ont abouti à l'identification d'un grand nombre d'analogues odorants dans le houblon. Parmi ceux-ci, le 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3SHol) caractérisé par des arômes de pamplemousse ou de fruit de la passion est retrouvé à la fois dans le cône de houblon (72-117 µg·kg-1) et dans le mout de raisin (66-121 ng·l-1). Des concentrations souvent au-dessus du seuil de perception sont atteintes dans la bière (jusque 200 ng·l-1) ou dans le vin (jusque 6 000 ng·l-1), suite à la dégradation de précurseurs cystéinés et glutathionés durant la fermentation. Le cône de houblon renferme également de nombreux thiophènes et épisulfures d’origine terpénique, ainsi que des sulfures, polysulfures et thioesters aux arômes d’oignon, de verdure ou de fromage. Par contre, la présence de méthoxypyrazines n’est relevée à ce jour que dans le raisin. Conclusions. Plusieurs analogies sont relevées entre les thiols polyfonctionnels du cône de houblon et de la baie de raisin. Les thiophènes, épisulfures, sulfures, polysulfures et thioesters sont principalement retrouvés dans le cône de houblon, alors que les méthoxypyrazines ne sont observées que dans le raisin.
Le rôle des rongeurs dans la dispersion des diaspores en milieu forestier (synthèse bibliographique)
Authors: Evrard Quentin , Haurez Barbara , Doucet Jean-Louis
Published: February 2022

Introduction. La dispersion des diaspores constitue une interaction clé qui influence de nombreux processus écologiques utiles au maintien de la diversité des écosystèmes forestiers. Les rongeurs, considérés la plupart du temps comme prédateurs de diaspores, sont susceptibles de transporter, dissimuler et oublier les diaspores sur des distances considérables favorisant indirectement leur germination. Leur rôle sur la régénération des écosystèmes forestiers dépendra alors de différentes variables environnementales influençant leur comportement. Littérature. La plupart des publications démontrent que les rongeurs agiraient au détriment des communautés végétales en consommant les diaspores de nombreuses espèces. Toutefois, en raison de la difficulté de définir leur patron de mouvement, l’impact réel des rongeurs sur la régénération est très peu documenté et probablement sous-estimé. Par la pratique du scatter-hoarding, le rôle des rongeurs pourrait s’avérer crucial, plus particulièrement dans les forêts où la grande faune est soumise à une chasse excessive. Conclusions. Les forêts denses humides africaines sont localement fortement affectées par une importante défaunation, or le rôle des rongeurs y est très peu étudié. Afin de définir plus précisément celui-ci, il est suggéré de réaliser de nouvelles études sur les interactions qui existent entre les diaspores et les rongeurs par des méthodes ayant fait leurs preuves sur d’autres continents.
Plantes pesticides et protection des cultures maraichères en Afrique de l’Ouest (synthèse bibliographique)
Authors: Yarou Boni Barthélémy , Silvie Pierre , Komlan Françoise Assogba , Mensah Armel , Alabi Taofic , Verheggen François , Francis Frédéric
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Les cultures maraichères occupent une place importante pour l’alimentation humaine et contribuent significativement aux revenus des familles en Afrique de l’Ouest, mais leur production est confrontée à une pression des bioagresseurs qui limite leur productivité. Littérature. Cette revue, basée sur des publications scientifiques, a pour objectif d’évaluer le potentiel des plantes pesticides comme alternative à l’usage des pesticides de synthèse pour lutter contre les bioagresseurs des cultures maraichères en Afrique de l’Ouest. Elle montre que le principal moyen actuel pour combattre ces bioagresseurs repose essentiellement sur les pesticides de synthèse. Cependant, compte tenu de leur nocivité sur l’homme et l’environnement, en plus de la sélection de populations résistantes chez les bioagresseurs, la recherche de solutions alternatives s’impose. Les plantes pesticides se présentent comme une alternative prometteuse dans le contexte ouest-africain. En effet, diverses espèces de plantes pesticides peuvent être utilisées comme extraits de plantes ou en association avec d’autres cultures pour le contrôle des bioagresseurs. Celles-ci sont présentées dans le présent article de synthèse. Conclusions. Les plantes pesticides peuvent être une alternative prometteuse pour la gestion des bioagresseurs des cultures maraichères. Cependant, la plupart d’entre elles ne sont pas cultivées. Explorer les capacités biocides de plantes d’intérêt comme le genre Ocimum, connu pour ses usages thérapeutique, médicinal et alimentaire pourrait être intéressant pour le producteur. Toutefois, les populations doivent être sensibilisées sur les avantages à long terme des produits traités avec les pesticides à base de plantes pour faciliter leur utilisation.
Effect of intercropping narrow-leafed lupin with spring triticale on the abundance and diversity of rove beetles
Authors: Gruss Iwona , Twardowski Jacek Piotr , Hurej Michał , Kozak Marcin
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. Intercropping is a kind of polyculture, growing two or more crops together. This practice should improve pest management mainly by increasing predator diversity. It was hypothesized that the intercropping of narrow-leafed lupin with spring triticale would increase the number and diversity of rove beetles compared to monocultures of the aforementioned crops. Objectives. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of intercropping of narrow-leafed lupin with spring triticale on rove beetle abundance and diversity. Method. Over a three-year period, rove beetles were trapped with the use of pitfall traps, and adults were identified to species. The experiment was carried out on a narrow-leafed lupin and spring triticale crop sown as monocultures, and on two mixtures with different proportions of lupin seeds. Results. In total, in all treatments 100 rove beetle species were found, classified into three trophic groups. The most numerous forms were predatory zoophages, which were followed by parasites and saprophages. Staphylinidae abundance and ecological significance decreased with increasing degree of habitat diversity in comparison to crops grown in the pure stand. The same response to intercropping was observed in the case of zoophages. Conclusions. Contrary to what was hypothesized, the abundance and diversity of rove beetle decreased when narrow-leafed lupin and spring triticale were grown together compared to their monoculture. Presumably, the higher abundance of rove beetle in lupin and spring triticale grown in the pure stand is mostly the result of better food supply in monocultures during the whole season.
The Rationalization of Consciousness: A Mereological Reconstruction of Husserl’s Fifth Logical Investigation
Authors: Delamare Alexis
Published: February 2022

Before engaging with intentionality, the philosopher of mind must consider the intrinsic nature of psychological elements. Conscious states, contrary to ordinary and scientific objects, seem to penetrate each another in such a way that it becomes impossible to enumerate, class or organize through laws the various experiences at stake. In this context, how is a science of consciousness conceivable? How is it possible to apply the epistemological requirements of any science to a domain whose ontological nature contradicts such demands? The paper reconstructs Husserl’s solution to this issue in the Fifth Logical Investigation. I show how his appeal to the mereological framework of the Third Investigation gives him the tools to rationalize the domain of the mind and to establish phenomenology as an authentic science of consciousness. I first demonstrate that the very task of phenomenological investigations is defined in mereological terms. I then reconstruct the issue regarding the inclusion of the intentional object within the act, by exposing the nuances of the Husserlian position in this famous controversy. In a last part, I show how mereological concepts are at the core of the Husserlian reinterpretation of the Brentanian thesis according to which all acts are presentations or based on presentations.
The constitutive function of intentionality in Husserl’s phenomenology
Authors: Mudri Nebojša
Published: February 2022

The article is addressing one of the central but maybe the most ambiguous and multilayered concepts of Husserl’s phenomenology. Husserl’s insisting on a form of intentionality that implies not just conscious directedness towards objects, but also a constitutive function of mental acts, led to some serious accusations of his (not only transcendental) idealism and solipsism. Justification of such accusations depends exclusively on whether we understand constitution in an ontological sense, as a creative process which brings worldly entities into being, or in an epistemological sense, as a process which enables us to identify and to interpret a particular givenness as something. In early stages of phenomenology, a so-called “hylomorphic” theory of constitution prevailed, which stated that object of our experience can be present for us only if some sense-data (hyle) is formed in our intentional acts by a meaning-giving component (which Husserl called morphe in his Ideas I). This theory proved to be unsatisfying when Husserl turned to a phenomenological description of temporal objects, discovering that not just objects, but also intentional acts have a distinct temporal structure. However, the analysis of temporal constitution reaches even further, because the idea of the “living present”, and its triadic structure of retention-primal impression-protention, holds the key to an explanation of horizon-intentionality, and offers the answer to an essential transcendental question: How is it possible for us to be aware of the world towards which all of our intentional life is directed, and from which all of the motivation for our actions originates?
Recente ontwikkelingen in de sociale economie in de Europese Unie
Authors: Monzón Jose Luis , Chaves Rafael
Published: February 2022

The general objective of the Report is to study the recent evolution of the social economy in the European Union. It focuses on three areas: firstly, the social economy and the emergent concepts/movements related to it, secondly, the public policies adopted in both the EU and the member states in recent years to enhance the social economy sector and thirdly, measuring the weight of the social economy in each EU member country. This Report shows that the European social economy provides over 13.6 million paid jobs in Europe, accounting for 6.3% of the total EU working population of the EU-28. Despite its size, the social economy remains invisible in the national accounts and statistics around Europe, a hurdle that constitutes another major challenge, although efforts have been made during the last two decades. The new concepts and approaches related to the social economy that have emerged in Europe, such as social enterprises, social innovation, collaborative economy, economy of the common good, circular economy and corporate social responsibility, have been analysed and the main public policies for the social economy that have been implemented in recent years have been studied. Special mention has been made of the Social Business Initiative (SBI) introduced by the European Commission.
Italian cooperatives
Authors: Borzaga Carlo , Calzaroni Manlio , Carini Chiara , Lori Massimo
Published: February 2022

Researchers and policymakers have identified the need to accurately and quantitatively evaluate cooperatives and their economic, social and employment effects, as well as their evolution over time, in a way that is as reliable as possible and not subject to interpretation. This need was also manifested in the adoption by the 20th International Conference of Labour Statisticians of the Guidelines Concerning Statistics of Cooperatives, which aim to facilitate the development of a set of statistics on cooperatives that can be compared at the international level. This study provides informative insights and analyses based on a unified statistical representation of the structure, economic performance and profiles of cooperatives—including cooperative groups— within the Italian economy. Through the integration of several official statistical data sources released by the Italian National Institute of Statistics with the Cooperative Register managed by the Ministry of Economic Development, on the one hand, the paper highlights the peculiarities of cooperatives compared to other companies; on the other hand, it analyses in depth the composition of the cooperative sector with respect to both economic and structural variables.
Partnering with Civil Society Organizations
Authors: Viganò Federica , Salustri Andrea
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to make a distinctive contribution to the emergence of a new form of partnership between municipalities and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). These collaborations are articulated at the border between the public and the society as well as between the formal and the informal economy. We revise the Esping-Andersen paradigm about the three main welfare regimes, where the welfare state, the family and the market are seen as three sources of managing social risks (Esping-Andersen, 1999), and we illustrate how the collaboration between CSOs and local administrations might improve the connection between the state and the citizens. In the perspective of the Third Sector Reform, which is actually underway in Italy, the hybridization of different forms of organizations could bring innovative solutions to the new real social risks of the communities. Specifically, this form of collaboration between local public administrations and the CSOs is part of the theme of volunteering and social citizenship, which advocates citizens’ empowerment in the production of social welfare and services of general interest. This area of collaboration is positioned between social rights and social obligations and provides a contribution that fosters the redistributive capacity of the public sphere through a participatory policy making.
Job Quality in Economy for the Common Good Firms in Austria and Germany
Authors: Ollé-Espluga Laia , Muckenhuber Johanna , Hadler Markus
Published: February 2022

The Economy for the Common Good (ECG) pursues an alternative economic model built on values oriented to the common welfare such as human dignity, solidarity, ecological sustainability, social justice, transparency and democratic participation. The principles endorsed by the ECG coincide with those of the social economy as it promotes a system in which the motivation of economic competition is replaced by cooperation so that the collective interest and common good is put above companies’ profits. (High) quality of work plays an important role in the ECG. The main points of its work-related values can be summarised by the willingness to elude discrimination and employment precariousness; the encouragement of information and worker participation; and the promotion of beneficial psychosocial factors at work. However, there is scarce knowledge on the actual labour conditions of workers employed in such type of firms. Thus, in this paper, our goal is to describe the quality of jobs in companies following the Economy for the Common Good in Austria and Germany, the countries where this economic model is most widespread. Using data published in the Common Good Balances reports available on the ECG website1 , we extracted data informing about job quality at an organisational level of 59 firms with at least 5 employees in Austria and Germany. Although the breadth and depth of the information collected in the Common Good Balances reports is variable, results suggest a widespread presence of elements of good quality of work: limited use of precarious employment arrangements (yet, thorough information about fixedterm contracts is lacking), provision of training and a decent degree of decisionmaking autonomy. Direct participation practices are more prevailing than representative participation forms.
Local Civil Regimes for Combating Child Poverty
Authors: Schinnerl Melanie , Greiling Dorothea
Published: February 2022

Child poverty is a persistent problem in many European welfare states, irrespective of the welfare state regime. The paper examines approaches on the local level in Belgium and Austria, two countries with a corporatist welfare state tradition and three levels of government. In both countries child poverty rates are high, with 23% (Austria) and 22% (Belgium) (Eurostat, 2019). Child poverty means that the children live in households which are at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Children of such households have a much higher risk of being poor later in life. By conducting case studies in four focus cities (Antwerp, Ghent, Linz and Vienna) the paper contributes to the emerging empirical research on the localisation of social policies in a multi-level governance context. Theoretically, the paper addresses the practices of rescaling of social policies towards the local level. The study examines how the European Commissions’ 2013 Recommendation “Investing in Children: breaking the cycle of disadvantages” is translated into the local social policies. For that purpose, the paper focuses on the local collaborations between the local governments and the partners of the social and solidarity economy on the policy design - and the service provision levels. Our findings show that the discrepancies start already with the vertical policy making competencies, with a stronger role of the Belgian regions. Also, Belgium has a longer tradition of an explicit policy focus of reducing child poverty. In all three pillars of the 2013 Recommendation, the two focus countries face some challenges, despite some progresses, in particular in pillar two (access to affordable quality services). The policy makers of the four cities are guided, in a varying degree, by the social investment paradigm. This was most prominent in the interviews in Linz. Regarding collaborative local policy making, Ghent is the only focus city with an explicit local plan to combat child poverty. In all four cities target group-specific and universal services are provided for poor children and their families. Regarding the delivery of social policies to combat child poverty, there are considerable differences in the governance modes. While both Flemish cities have a tradition of institutionalized local networks to combat early childhood poverty, the servicedelivery modes in the two Austrian cities are much fragmented, when it comes to combat child poverty. The network approach offers better chances to provide an integrated service. On a more positive note, the two Austrian cities provided good practices in managing the transition phase from school to work.
Understanding social impact assessment through public value theory
Authors: Dufour Bryan , Petrella Francesca , Richez-Battesti Nadine
Published: February 2022

Our research focuses on understanding the use that work integration social enterprises (WISEs) make of performance measurement models such as social impact assessment in their relations with public stakeholders. We carry out a comparative study between France and Denmark which are the two OECD members showing the highest level of social spending. Using public value theory as the pivot point of our analytical framework, we identify seven strategic intents that contribute to explain the use of performance measurement by WISEs. The use of Public Value theory shines a light on the unique set of problems that WISEs face when dealing with their public stakeholder, which is absent from the performance models that are promoted by current policy initiatives or by impact investors.
Determining Factors of Loyalty in Brazilian Agricultural Cooperatives
Authors: Weymer Alex , Barreiros Reginaldo , Moreira Vilmar , Martinez Christiane
Published: February 2022

An extensive literature review, content analysis of interviews and a survey with cooperative members allowed to identify factors that affect loyalty: culture, price, profit, transparency, relationship and leadership. Among the main findings, the research found that members’ perception of “trust” is more supported on a calculative logic of relationship based on exchanges, prices and payment than on shared meanings with long-term perspectives guided by cooperative principles. The extensive bibliographical reference and emerging factors found can help other researchers to develop deeper understandings on loyalty of members to agricultural coops.
The Public Private Partnerships of the Social and Solidarity Economy in Brazil
Authors: Nagao Menezes Daniel Francisco , Pereira Morais Leandro
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research was to analyze the tender exemption for selective waste collection by associations and cooperatives formed by low-income people with a view to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which was proclaimed in the 2030 Agenda. As a result, it was discovered that 13 of the 17 SDGs advocated in the 2030 Agenda can be positively affected by the exemption from bidding, especially because they will foster collective organizations, generating reflections on the lives of low-income people who may be involved in those activities. In addition, it was observed that the implementation of this local sustainable development policy creates challenges such as: the interests of local and regional elites, the absence of a balanced environmental development policy and the inability of environmental management, as well as social and economic problems in the institutionalization cycle of these cooperatives and workers associations.
Learning through mistakes in crisis management as a strategy of low losses in conditions of continuous uncertainty
Authors: Mokeeva T. V.
Published: February 2022

The article examines the problem of crisis management in conditions of continuous uncertainty. It is considered how leaders and the organisations they lead can maintain reputation, financial and operational strength, and competitive advantage in a crisis. The basics of understanding the essence of the crisis, its main factors and origins, are analysed. Leaders are judged on how they deal with the organisation’s most difficult challenges. The article presents the concepts of anti-crisis management, the principles of effective anti-crisis response. The typical mistakes are identified and the possibility of learning through mistakes is explored to reduce losses in a crisis situation.The article will be useful for heads of organisations for making management decisions.
Statistical analysis of the factors of information society development in the Russian Federation
Authors: Sorokina G. P. , Pershina T. A. , Dolgikh E. A.
Published: February 2022

The article summarises the system of indicators characterising the development of the information society. A generalising characteristic of the subjects of the Russian Federation was given for each of the 23 indicators, which made it possible to identify regions with different fluctuations of the trait. All indicators have been formed into four factors: human capital, innovation potential, information and communication infrastructure and access, and the economic environment. According to the indicators included in each group, the corresponding subindexes have been calculated. Ratings of regions according to the value of sub-indices have been compiled. Based on the values of the sub-indices, the integral indicator characterising the development of the information society has been calculated. The leading and lagging subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of its significance have been identified. In order to identify regions that are homogeneous in terms of the level of development of the information society, their grouping has been carried out.
Psychological service of the university: a range of problems and directions of development
Authors: Velichko G. A. , Lizunova G. Yu. , Taskina I. A.
Published: February 2022

The article considers the topical and important issue of modern higher education: problems and development of psychological services at the university. The practice of working as psychologists-consultants at the university shows the current need to discuss this issue. Students who have come from schools and colleges are used to seeing psychologists among their “helpers” to solve psychological problems, problems in communicating with peers and teachers. In addition, the students, especially undergraduates, being experiencing the impact of the environment, need support from the psychological service. The authors substantiate the need for further development of the psychological service of a higher educational institution, identify a range of problems relevant to the psychological services of universities. The functional purpose of the psychological service of the university is determined. Its purpose and objectives are indicated, and proposals on ways to improve the organisation development of psychological services in higher educational institutions are given.
Territorial e-marketing role in improving of hotel business efficiency in Syria after war
Authors: Maher Aljabi
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of deterioration in marketing activities in Syrian hotels during and after war. It was found that the territorial electronic marketing programmes followed by the state and hotels after the war resulted in higher hotel occupancy and higher revenues. However, there is still a large gap between the modern marketing methods used around the world and the marketing approach used in Syrian hotels today. The article analyses the effectiveness of 4 and 5 star hotels of the Syrian Ministry of Tourism. The marketing techniques, which were used over the past 5 years to meet customer needs, occupancy and revenue, are defined. The model and recommendations, which will have helped to Syrian hotels to use better modern electronic territorial marketing method are presented. It will have affected the hotel’s overall performance.