bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jaringan Peer to Peer - Rico Dwi Saputra
Authors: Saputra Rico Dwi
Published: April 2020

Materi Kuliah Section 01 Membahas Tentang Jaringan Peer to Peer, dimana untuk mengirimkan sebuah data pada kedua personal computer yang berbeda bisa menggunakan jaringan ini. Kerena jaringan ini jaringan berskala kecil, dimana masing-masing komputer bisa berperan sebagai server maupun client.Jaringan peer-to-peer pertama kali di luncurkan dan dipopulerkan oleh aplikasi-aplikasi “berbagi-berkas” (file sharing) seperti Napster dan KaZaA. Pada konteks ini teknologi P2P memungkinkan para pengguna untuk berbagi, mencari dan mengunduh berkas.Jaringan peer-to-peer juga sering disebut dengan workgroup. Karena arti workgroup mempunyai konotasi yaitu kolaborasi tanpa adanya pusat kontrol (server). Peer-to-peer dapat dibangun hanya dengan sistem operasi yang terinstall di dalam komputer dan tersambungnya beberapa komputer secara fisik.Sistem jaringan ini dapat digunakan di rumah atau di kantor. Pemakai komputer yang memiliki sebuah komputer lama dan sebuah komputer baru, tidak perlu membuang komputer lamanya. Dengan memasang kartu jaringan (netword card) pada komputer tersebut, maka kedua komputer dapat dihubungkan dengan kabel yang khusus digunakan untuk sistem jaringan.
Thaharah Implementation Through Toilet Training For Down Syndrome Kindergarten Students At Islamic School
Authors: Susanti Sinta Ari
Published: April 2020

Thaharah memiliki makna bersuci dalam Islam. Bersuci di sini memiliki maksud membersihkan diri dari kotoran atau najis. Salah satu cara mengajarkan anak untuk bersuci adalah melalui toilet training. Kemampuan toilet training adalah bagian dari program pendidikan untuk membantu diri sendiri yang diajarkan kepada peserta didik dalam rangka agar peserta didik dapat menggunakan toilet dengan baik. Toilet trainingharus diajarkan sejak dini karena mempengaruhi perilaku anak pada fase perkembangan selanjutnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TK Permata Bunda yang merupakan sekolah Islam untuk peserta didik usia dini penyandang Down syndrome. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana penerapan thaharah dalam bentuk toilet traininguntuk peserta didik penyandang Down syndrome. Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penerapan toilet training dilakukan dengan membangun kebiasaan yang konsisten dan berkelanjutan. Guru dan orang tua harus melakukan kerjasama yang baik untuk menerapkan toilet training secara konsisten tidak hanya di sekolah tetapi juga di rumah.
A Concept for Capturing and Docking Spacecraft with Flux-Pinned Interfaces
Authors: Zhu Frances , Peck Mason , Jones-Wilson Laura
Published: April 2020

Flux-pinned interfaces for spacecraft leverage the physics of magnetic flux pinning to govern the dynamics betweenclose-proximity spacecraft. The behavior of this interface enables a magnet to be held at a distance in up to six degrees of freedom relative to a type-II superconductor without contact or active control systems. This behavior is the result of a magnetic potential well with an equilibrium set by designer of the interface. When applied to a conceptual sample capture scenario, this approach offers several unique advantages over traditional mechanical capture systems, including robustness to control failures and the ability to preferentially orient the capture target without mechanical keying features. However, as a passive system, it is important to characterize the depth and shape of the potential well in order to bound the acceptable relative motion between a notional spacecraft and a notional sample cache to ensure a successful capture. This paper presents the results of a series of air bearing experiments designed to determine these bounds. Extrapolating from the ground testing environment, it was determined that the FPI is expected to work at a range of 50 cm in orbit around Mars, and operates best in a path angle of 0 degrees. It can tolerate a total relative translational velocity of up to 4.7 cm/sec or a total angular rate of 24 deg/sec between a spacecraft and a sample cache.
Development and Validation of the Perceived Societal Marginalization Scale
Authors: Bollwerk Michael , Schlipphak Bernd , Back Mitja
Published: April 2020

Current societal conflicts are characterized by identity struggles and discontent concerning globalization and modernization. While the literature identifies several psychological determinants of this discontent, systematic measurement approaches based on well-defined constructs are rare. Here, we present the development and validation of the Perceived Societal Marginalization (PSM) scale, which aims to assess individual differences in people’s subjective perceptions of the insignificance and lack of recognition of their own social groups in the economy, culture, and politics. We first provide a definition of PSM and a conceptual analysis of its components based on (a) a top-down review of relevant psychological, sociological and political science theories and (b) a bottom-up approach involving semi-structured group interviews with various German citizen associations followed by a qualitative content analysis. We then present the results of a psychometric validation of the PSM scale (factor structure, reliability) based on three large online surveys with heterogeneous samples (total N = 2,566) and explore sociodemographic, personality, and attitudinal correlates. The discussion focuses on applications of the PSM scale, that is, the role of PSM in explaining societal cleavages as well as threat perceptions towards and rejection of cultural, ethnic, and religious minorities.
Computer-mediated communication, social media, and mental health: A conceptual and empirical meta-review
Authors: Meier Adrian , Reinecke Leonard
Published: April 2020

Computer-mediated communication (CMC), and specifically social media, may affect the mental health (MH) and well-being of its users, for good or bad. Research on this topic has accumulated rapidly, accompanied by controversial public debate and numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Yet, a higher-level integration of the various disparate conceptual and operational approaches to CMC and MH and individual review findings is desperately needed. To this end, we first develop two organizing frameworks that systematize conceptual and operational approaches to CMC and MH. Based on these frameworks, we integrate the literature through a meta-review of 34 reviews and a content analysis of 594 publications. Meta-analytic evidence, overall, suggests a small negative association between social media use and MH. However, effects are complex and depend on the CMC and MH indicators investigated. Based on our conceptual review and the evidence synthesis, we devise an agenda for future research in this interdisciplinary field.
Perceived Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategy of Indigenous Community (Chepangs) in Rural Mid-hills of Nepal
Authors: Khanal Pragya , Wagle Bishnu H. , Upadhaya Suraj , Ghimire Prayash , Acharya Suman
Published: April 2020

Climate change is projected to increase in vulnerable areas of the world, and marginalized communities residing in rural areas are more vulnerable to the change. The perceptions of climate change and adaptation strategies made by such communities are important considerations in the design of adaptation strategies by policy-makers. We examined the most marginalized indigenous group "Chepang" communities' perceptions towards this change, variability, and their attitudes to adaptations and adapted coping measures in mid-hills of Nepal. We interviewed 155 individuals from two Chepang communities, namely, Shaktikhor and Siddhi in Chitwan district of Nepal. We also analyzed biophysical data to assess the variability. The findings showed that the Chepang community has experienced significant impacts of climate change and variability. They attributed crop disease, insect infestation, human health problem, and weather-related disaster as the impacts of climate change. Strategies they have adopted in response to the change are the use of intense fertilizers in farmland, hybrid seeds cultivation, crop diversification, etc. Local level and national level adaptation policies need to be designed and implemented as soon as possible to help climate vulnerable communities like Chepangs to cope against the impacts of climate change.
High Temperature Solution Nitriding of Stainless Steels; Current Status and Future Trends
Authors: Christiansen T. L. , Villa M. , Tibollo C. , Dahl K. V. , Somers M. A. J.
Published: April 2020

This contribution provides an overview of the concepts of high temperature solution nitriding (HTSN) and the state of the art of the technology. It shows how HTSN can be applied to different classes of stainless steels. New advances of HTSN are presented, in particular the combination of HTSN with low temperature surface hardening, LTSH, is addressed: HTSN is an excellent “pre-treatment” for LTSH for austenitic, duplex, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels. Examples of combined HTSN + LTSH treatments of duplex and martensitic stainless steels are shown.
Penerapan Metode Small Group Discussion Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Ahmad Kamaluddin , Nurma Siti
Published: April 2020

Kurangnya minat atau motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan dikarenakan beberapa hal. Diantaranya; media pembelajaran yang digunakan guru kurang optimal, rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa membuat menurunnya prestasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengarauh pembelajaran metode small group discussion terhadap motivasi belajar. Pembelajaran small group discussion, small berarti kecil, group berarti kelompok, dan discussion berarti bertukar pikiran dan pendapat. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa small group discussion adalah tukar pendapat untuk memecahkan suatu masalah/mencari kebenaran di dalam kelompok kecil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah 36 orang siswa, teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni observasi, angket dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi satu predokator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode small group discussion terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dapat mempengaruhi motivasi siswa. Jadi adanya metode tersebut sangat membantu antusias siswa untuk belajar semakin giat dan aktif. Lack of interest or motivation to learn students in the subjects of PPKn, learning media used by the teachers of PPKn less optimal, low motivation to learn students make a decrease in learning achievement. The purpose of this research is to learn small group discussion of learning motivation. Small group discussion is small, group means group, and discussion means exchanging thoughts and opinions. So it can be concluded that Small group discussion is a brainstorm to solve a problem/find the truth in small groups. This method of research is quantitative research, research samples amounting to 36 students, data collection techniques such as observation, poll and documentation while the data analysis technique used method of descriptive analysis and regression analysis of one predozer. Based on the results shows that the implementation of small group discussion methods of learning motivation to students can affect the motivation of students. So there is a very helpful method for students to learn increasingly active and enterprising.
“Unless she gives better satisfaction”: Teachers, Protestant
Education, and Community in Rural Quebec, Lochaber and Gore
District, 1863-1945
Authors: Poutanen Mary Anne
Published: April 2020

This study explores the complex relationships from 1863 to
1945 between the Board of School Trustees of Lochaber and Gore,
its teachers, and parents, to reveal how these different parties
influenced, resisted, and consented to changes in local
schooling. Thus, the analysis moves away from a social control
model which has dominated the literature on schooling in Quebec
to reveal the local dynamics at work in the community. The
Protestants of Lochaber and Gore were a microcosm of the larger
Protestant community in Quebec. All of the problems associated
with rural education in poor regions across Quebec, such as
teacher transiency, widespread poverty and a modest tax base,
the primitive nature of one-room schoolhouses, and conflict
between the seasonal demands of agriculture and school time,
existed here. This investigation is based on historical
documents from the Archives of the Western Quebec School Board
in addition to newspaper accounts and local histories.
Study of efficacy of the drug «Hepatojekt»® in complex therapy of hepatitis in dogs
Authors: Gildikov Dmitriy , Kumirov Stanislav , Petrova Ol'ga
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of the study of the efficacy of the drug «Hepatojekt»® containing L-ornithine, L-citrulin, L-arginine and auxiliary substances in the treatment of hepatitis initiated by Babesia canis in dogs. The experiment confirmed that the imidocarb-based drug («Piro-stop»®) has antiprotozoal action against the simplest genus Babesia. It has been established that the inclusion of the «Hepatojekt»® drug in the treatment regimen for dogs with hepatitis due to babesiosis, in comparison with basic therapy, contributes to a reliable correction of their carbohydrate and chromoprotein metabolism.
Privacy and Security in Cloud Computing Architecture
Authors: Khine Thaw Yin Myo Kay , Ma Ma Myo , New Win Khin Myat
Published: April 2020

Cloud Computing is the most advanced technical platform for next generation. Cloud Computing provide us a large range of data storage space in web source. Cloud Computing work automatically as per the need of user we don’t need to do extra work on it. High level applications and game is run by Cloud Computing. It simply states that cloud computing means storing and accessing the data and programs over the internet rather than the computer’s hard disk. Cloud Computing cover the wide range of areas. It provides its service through online net connection. The data can be anything such as music, files, images, documents, and more. The user can access the data from anywhere just with the help of an internet connection. To use cloud computing, the user should register and provide with ID and password for security reasons. The speed of transfer depends on various factors such as the capacity of the server, internet speed, and many more. In this paper, we explore the understanding the determinates of security and privacy in cloud computing, Cloud Computing architecture and we also address the characteristics and applications of several popular cloud computing platforms. We identified several challenges from the cloud computing adoption perspective and we also highlighted the cloud interoperability issue that deserves substantial further research and development. However, security and privacy issues present a strong barrier for users to adapt into cloud computing systems.
Study of the Behavior of Sodium Diclofenac Expired Drug as an Corrosion Inhibitor of Iron in Sulfuric Acid Using UV-VIS Spectrophotometry
Authors: AL-abbassi Aisha , Taher Gehan , Matrood Emdallah , Dnkm Abdulrahman , Sallh Akram , Izrik Raga , Suliman Mohammed
Published: April 2020

The effect of Sodium Diclofenac (SD) as an inhibitor of pure iron corrosion in a 1.0 N of sulfuric acid was studied spectrally using a UV-VIS at different temperatures of 343.15, 323.15, 303.15 K. The concentration of dissolved iron was determined spectrally using phenanthroline method. The absorbance of each solution was measured at different times, and the data obtained were used to calculate the corrosion rate, which was found to be a zero-order reaction in the presence and absence of the SD inhibitor. The absorbance was decreased with an increase in inhibitor concentration and an increase in temperature. However, the inhibition efficiency was increased with inhibitor concentration an increase. The inhibitor is adsorbed on the surface of the iron particles according to the Langmuir and Kinetic-thermodynamic model of adsorption isotherm. The results indicated that the reaction is endothermic and unspontaneous. Quantum chemical parameters such as the highest & lowest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO) & (ELUMO), energy gap (ΔE), were calculated and correlated to the experimental data.
Identifying Cloud Computing Vulnerabilities
Authors: Singh Baldev
Published: April 2020

Cloud computing is passing through development stage and with the passage process of development, cloud is also posing with security threats, challenges and risks. Lots of security threats, risks and challenges are directly or indirectly due to vulnerabilities in cloud environment. Virtualization is the process used in cloud computing through which software hardware is provided to the cloud users and also load balancing is possible in cloud resources and this process is also prone to various security threats and risks. Vulnerabilities and threats to the cloud services leads not only to the malpractices, misuse and exploitation of resources but also to the privacy violations and breaches in data. If these vulnerabilities are not properly identified and specific security measures are not adopted then cloud services will be adversely affected and hence there is dire need to address these vulnerabilities and threats at the cloud customer satisfaction level. In this paper various vulnerabilities and threats to the cloud computing are highlighted which are definitely instrumental to act as the basis of cloud computing security solutions.
Developing and Implementing an Online Learning Platform for Children with Autism
Authors: Dawodi Aysha Faraj AL , Alzahrani Sarah Faisal , Almumtin Reema Abdulkareem , Alshyban Sarah Saeed , Alshabanah Muneerah , Alrajhi Daniah , Alsmadi Mutasem K. , Almarashdeh Ibrahim
Published: April 2020

Approximately 50% of all individuals with Autism have difficulties in developing functional language owing to communication deterioration. An online learning platform that provides educational games help these individuals feel more comfortable and relaxed doing such activities. Although numerous platforms are available for individuals with Autism, they are difficult to use; particularly in terms of user-interface design. In this paper, we present the design and develop online learning platforms, designed as a tool to encourage social interaction in autistic children. The proposed system was analyzed, design and developed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and ASP.NET.
The Influence of Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance in the Bpjs Ketenagakeran Central Office
Authors: As-Sunayniy Sayf El-Haq Arriva
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the leadership, and organizational culture on the employee performance. This is an associative explanatory research with multiple regression analysis method used. Total numbers of samples of this research is 40 people, which their data collection are taken using questionnaires. Research shows that simultaneously leadership, and organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on the employee performance. While partially, only organizational culture is affecting positively and significantly to the employee performance.
AHP-GP Approach by Considering the Leopold Matrix for Sustainable Water Reuse Allocation: Najafabad Case Study, Iran
Authors: Fooladi Dehaghi Behnam , Khoshfetrat Ali
Published: April 2020

Water reuse allocation is one of the major challenges in water resource management which requires the assessment of water reuse alternatives, especially in regions with limitation in water resources, arid climates, population growth and increasing water demand. Considering the complexity of the problem, water reuse allocation by using conventional methods for maximizing benefits, minimizing cost and environmental risks, cannot guarantee optimal allocation. In this paper, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) which can be combined with Goal Programming (GP) by considering the Leopold matrix for carrying-out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is used for sustainable water reuse allocation for multiple stakeholders in Najafabad as a case study. The results show that the developed mathematical model with combination of quantitative evaluation and optimization can be considered as an effective and flexible tool for creating better guidelines to adapt the requirements of various stakeholders for better allocation of recycled water. Finally, based on sensitivity analysis in AHP, a What-If analysis in GP is performed to the robustness of the final results of water reuse allocation.
ХОЛОКОСТ В ОККУПИРОВАННЫХ РЕГИОНАХ СССР: ПРОБЛЕМА ПЕРИОДИЗАЦИИ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ
Authors: Kruglov Alexander
Published: April 2020

В статье критически рассматриваются и анализируются имеющиеся варианты периодизации Холокоста в бывшем СССР, предложенные израильским историком и исследователем Холокоста Ицхаком Арадом и российским историком Ильей Альтманом. Как Арад, так и Альтман в основу периодизации кладут количественные изменения и внешние по отношению к Холокосту факторы, в то время как, по мнению автора статьи, научная периодизация должна основываться на качественных изменениях и внутренней логике развития исследуемого явления (в нашем случае – Холокоста). Исходя из этих принципов, автор приходит к выводу, что в Холокосте в СССР можно выделить только два этапа. Первый этап – с 22 июня 1941 г. до перехода к поголовному истреблению евреев и (второй этап) – с этого момента до полного освобождения советской территории. На основе изучения соответствующей научной литературы, немецких и советских документов (донесения немецких карательных органов, акты ЧГК) автор констатирует, что в разных оккупированных регионах СССР переход к поголовному истреблению евреев произошел не одномоментно, а в разное время – в Латвии и в Белоруссии (Белостокская область) уже в начале июля 1941 г., в Литве в середине августа 1941 г., в Украине в третьей декаде августа 1941 г. По мнению автора, в основе этой разномоментности лежал человеческий фактор, а сам факт начала поголовного истребления евреев уже в начале июля 1941 г. говорит о том, что принципиальное решение об уничтожении советских евреев как евреев большевистских (так называемый «приказ фюрера», т. е. Гитлера) было принято, скорее всего, до нападения Германии на СССР. В статье приводятся послевоенные показания ряда бывших «фюреров» команд СД о том, что о «приказе фюрера» им было объявлено еще до начала «кампании против России».
ГОЛОКОСТ В ІСТОРИЧНІЙ ПОЛІТИЦІ ЛИТВИ ТА УКРАЇНИ 1991–2017
Authors: Romantsov Roman
Published: April 2020

Статтю присвячено порівнянню теми пам’яті про Голокост в  історичній політиці Литви та України. Автор розкриває історію включення цієї теми до політичного дискурсу та офіційних історичних наративів. У статті висвітлюється використання інституціями влади України та Литви теми пам’яті про Голокост у внутрішній та зовнішній політиці. Зазначено, що очільники Литви одними з перших на пострадянському просторі почали використовувати тему пам’яті про Голокост з метою демонстрації практик, притаманних політиці країн Європейського Союзу. Натомість в  Україні тема пам’яті про Голокост у міжнародній політиці використовувалася не так активно. У дослідженні йдеться про те, що для українського суспільства зміни увічнення однієї з найбільших трагедій XX ст. в контексті проголошення політики подальшої інтеграції з Європейським Союзом відбувалися повільно. Автор звертає увагу, що в офіційний історичній політиці як Литви, так і України, з одного боку, характерною рисою є героїзація учасників антирадянського підпілля, а з іншого – існує замовчування, а іноді навіть і «вибілювання» негативної політики стосовно єврейського населення. Якщо в Литві героїзація очільників національного руху спротиву розпочалася відразу після проголошення незалежності в 1991 р., то в Україні цей процес розгорнувся лише на початку 2000-х рр. Така історична політика спонукала наукові кола до обговорення дій політиків і засвідчила відмінності у трактуванні та розумінні подій минулого. Використання однобокого образу лідерів антирадянського руху спротиву під час Другої світової війни викликало критику з боку Ізраїлю та науковців інших країн. У підсумку автор зазначає, що включення пам’яті про Голокост в офіційні наративи України та Литви демонструє подальший процес розвитку толерантного ставлення до Іншого в пострадянських суспільствах.
NON-NIPPED MEMORY. THE HOLOCAUST IN THE SOVIET WAR MEMOIRS
Authors: Shatalov Denys
Published: April 2020

The article addresses the presentation of the mass murder of Jews during WWII in the Soviet printed production. An overall trend of ignoring the topic of the Holocaust in the Soviet media discourse is unquestioned. Yet, (non)presentation of the mass destruction of Jews in the Soviet literature, which is commonly emphasized by the researches, needs clarification. If we look at the Soviet literature on the Great Patriotic War (including fiction prose), we can trace a phenomenon described in this article through war memoirs. Alongside official ignoring of the Holocaust in the Soviet Union, the whole post-war period experienced mass publishing and re-publishing of memoir books which provided direct references to the murder of Jews by the Nazis during the war. Herewith, combatants’ memoirs would often touch very briefly on the murders of Jews, but give no explanations. Such reference style implies that the authors targeted the  readers’ background awareness. Detailed descriptions of  Jewish discrimination, segregation, getthoisation and murder are found in the memoirs of former prisoners of war and partisans. The account of Nazi persecution of the Jews is an integral part of the stories of everyday life in the occupied territory, which often represents the major piece of the narrative. Under certain ideology, the mention of the murders of Jews was intentionally instrumentalized by the Soviet memoir writers seeking to demonstrate a criminal nature of Nazi collaborators. As can be inferred from the Soviet war memoirs, we are not supposed to simplify a clear-cut attitude of ignoring and should conceptualize the phenomenon of «non-nipped memory» in semi-official narratives. Soviet narratives, particularly war memoirs, did not highlight Nazi persecution of the Jews as a separate phenomenon; although described in detail, it was seen only as a part of the «new order». In the Soviet setting, we do encounter ignoring of the Holocaust (as a separate phenomenon), but at the same time, although with certain limitations, the memory of the mass murder of the Soviet Jews was quite actively reflected in war memoirs.
Changes in Oxidative Stress and Acid-Base Balance in Men and Women Following Maximal-Intensity Physical Exercise
Authors: WIECEK M. , MACIEJCZYK M. , SZYMURA J. , SZYGULA Z.
Published: April 2020

Oxidative stress may be caused by an increased rate of ATP resynthesis during physical exercise. The aim of this study was to compare changes in the prooxidant-antioxidant state of blood plasma between men and women after maximal-intensity exercise, and to assess the relationship between these changes and the value of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) as well as between these changes and the value of post-exercise disruptions in acid-base balance. Study participants comprised 10 women (20.7±0.5 years) and 10 men (22.3±0.5 years) who were physically active but did not engage in competitive sports training. VO2max was determined via treadmill incremental test (VO2max relative to body mass: 44.48±1.21 ml/kg/min and 59.16±1.55 ml/kg/min for women and men, respectively). The level of acid-base balance indicators (ABB), lactate concentration (La-), the level of total oxidative status (TOS), the level of total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and uric acid (UA) concentration were measured before and after the test. An oxidative stress indicator (OSI) was also calculated. Men showed a significant post-exercise increase in the level of TOS and OSI, while women showed a significant post-exercise increase in the level of TAC. Post-exercise changes in UA concentration were insignificant. Post-exercise changes in TOC in men depended on the absolute values of VO2max, on VO2max/LBM, and on post-exercise changes in La‑ concentration.
Lisinopril Alters Contribution of Nitric Oxide and KCa Channels to Vasodilatation in Small Mesenteric Arteries of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: ALBARWANI S. , AL-SIYABI S. , AL-HUSSEINI I. , AL-ISMAIL A. , AL-LAWATI I. , AL-BAHRANI I. , TANIRA M. O.
Published: April 2020

To investigate lisinopril effect on the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) and KCa channels to acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation in isolated mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Third branch mesenteric arteries isolated from lisinopril treated SHR rats (20 mg/kg/day for ten weeks, SHR-T) or untreated (SHR-UT) or normotensive WKY rats were mounted on tension myograph and ACh concentration-response curves were obtained. Westernblotting of eNOS and KCa channels was performed. ACh-induced relaxations were similar in all groups while L-NMMA and indomethacin caused significant rightward shift only in SHR-T group. Apamin and TRAM-34 (SKCa and IKCa channels blockers, respectively) significantly attenuated ACh-induced maximal relaxation by similar magnitude in vessels from all three groups. In the presence of L-NMMA, indomethacin, apamin and TRAM-34 further attenuated ACh-induced relaxation only in SHR-T. Furthermore, lisinopril treatment increased expression of eNOS, SKCa and BKCa proteins. Lisinopril treatment increased expression of eNOS, SKCa, BKCa channel proteins and increased the contribution of NO to ACh-mediated relaxation. This increased role of NO was apparent only when EDHF component was blocked by inhibiting SKCa and IKCa channels. Such may suggest that in mesenteric arteries, non-EDHF component functions act as a reserve system to provide compensatory vasodilatation if (and when) hyperpolarization that is mediated by SKCa and IKCa channels is reduced.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PQ4R LEARNING METHOD TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF THE 4th GRADE AT SD MUHAMMADIYAH 6 PEKANBARU
Authors: Ramayani Faraditha Dwi , N Lazim , Zufriady Zufriady
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research is to improve students reading comprehension at the fourth grade of SD Muhammadiyah 6 Pekanbaru. The type of this research was classroom action research, which was in two cycles. The result showed that there was an increasing students’ reading comprehension ability in each cycle. The average grade score of students reading comprehension before implementing PQ4R learning method was 68. After the implementation of PQ4R method at cycle I, the average grade score increased to 76 with a large increased of 12%. In the second cycle, the score increased to 84 with a large increased of 23%. In the cycle I, the teacher’s activities in the first meeting were 62.5% in moderate criteria. Then, in the second meeting, the percentage increased to 70.8% in moderate criteria. Then in the cycle II, the teacher’ activities in the first meeting the percentage became 83.3% in high criteria and in the second meeting increased to 87.5% in very high criteria. In the cycle I, the students’ activites in the first meeting were 58.3% in low criteria. In the second meeting, it increased to 66.7% in moderate criteria. In the cycle II, the students’ activities in the first meeting had the percentage becoming 79.2% in high criteria and then increased to 83.3% in high criteria on the second category. The result of the research proves that the application of PQ4R method can improve students’ reading comprehension ability.
Padovan numbers that are concatenations of two repdigits
Authors: Ddamulira Mahadi
Published: April 2020

Let $ (P_{n})_{n\ge 0} $ be the sequence of Padovan numbers defined by $ P_0=0 $, $ P_1 =1=P_2$, and $ P_{n+3}= P_{n+1} +P_n$ for all $ n\ge 0 $. In this paper, we find all Padovan numbers that are concatenations of two repdigits.
Mechanical Behaviour of Atrazine-Contaminated Clay
Authors: Keramatikerman Mahdi , Chegenizadeh Amin , Nikraz Hamid , Yilmaz Yuksel
Published: April 2020

Atrazine (ATZ) is one of the most heavily used types of herbicide that is currently applied in the agricultural industry all around the world, especially Australia and the United States. This study investigates the effect of atrazine contamination on the mechanical characteristics of two Western Australian natural clays and one commercial type of clay. A series of the Atterberg limit, compaction, and torsional ring shear tests were performed on the clays contaminated with 2, 4, and 6% atrazine content. The results showed that increasing the atrazine content led to a reduction in both liquid limit (LL) and plastic (PL) of the tested soils. Similarly, the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) decreased by increasing the atrazine in all tested clays. The ring shear results showed that the peak shear strength and residual stress ratio of the clays decreased by increasing the contamination. Also, the results showed that atrazine contamination caused an increase in cohesion and a decrease in the friction angle of the tested soils. Also, longer periods of contamination caused a reduction in strength characteristics of the tested soils.
Preparation and Characterization of Films Based on a Natural P(3HB)/mcl-PHA Blend Obtained through the Co-culture of Cupriavidus Necator and Pseudomonas Citronellolis in Apple Pulp Waste
Authors: Rebocho Ana Teresa , Pereira João R. , Neves Luísa A. , Alves Vítor D. , Sevrin Chantal , Grandfils Christian , Freitas Filomena , Reis Maria A. M.
Published: April 2020

The co-culture of Cupriavidus necator DSM 428 and Pseudomonas citronellolis NRRL B-2504 was performed using apple pulp waste from the fruit processing industry as the sole carbon source to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB) and medium-chain length PHA, mcl-PHA, respectively. The polymers accumulated by both strains were extracted from the co-culture’s biomass, resulting in a natural blend that was composed of around 48 wt% P(3HB) and 52 wt% mcl-PHA, with an average molecular weight of 4.3 × 105 Da and a polydispersity index of 2.2. Two melting temperatures (Tm) were observed for the blend, 52 and 174 °C, which correspond to the Tm of the mcl-PHA and P(3HB), respectively. P(3HB)/mcl-PHA blend films prepared by the solvent evaporation method had permeabilities to oxygen and carbon dioxide of 2.6 and 32 Barrer, respectively. The films were flexible and easily deformed, as demonstrated by their tensile strength at break of 1.47 ± 0.07 MPa, with a deformation of 338 ± 19% until breaking, associated with a Young modulus of 5.42 ± 1.02 MPa. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of using the co-culture of C. necator and P. citronellolis strains to obtain a natural blend of P(3HB)/mcl-PHA that can be processed into films suitable for applications ranging from commodity packaging products to high-value biomaterials.
Knockdown of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-II Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Activity and Suppresses Tumorigenicity in Neuroblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Hall M. Kristen , Whitman Austin A. , Weidner Douglas A. , Schwalbe Ruth A.
Published: April 2020

Neuroblastoma (NB) development and progression are accompanied by changes in N-glycans attached to proteins. Here, we investigated the role of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-II (GnTII, MGAT2) protein substrates in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. MGAT2 was silenced in human BE(2)-C NB (HuNB) cells to generate a novel cell line, HuNB(-MGAT2), lacking complex type N-glycans, as in rat B35 NB cells. Changes in N-glycan types were confirmed by lectin binding assays in both cell lines, and the rescued cell line, HuNB(-/+MGAT2). Western blotting of cells heterologously expressing a voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv3.1b) showed that some hybrid N-glycans of Kv3.1b could be processed to complex type in HuNB(-/+MGAT2) cells. In comparing HuNB and HuNB(-MGAT2) cells, decreased complex N-glycans reduced anchorage-independent cell growth, cell proliferation, and cell invasiveness, while they enhanced cell-cell interactions. Cell proliferation, invasiveness and adhesion of the HuNB(-/+MGAT2) cells were more like the HuNB than HuNB(-MGAT2). Western blotting revealed lower protein levels of MMP-2, EGFR and Gab2 in glycosylation mutant cells relative to parental cells. Gelatin zymography demonstrated that decreased MMP-2 protein activity was related to lowered MMP-2 protein levels. Thus, our results support that decreased complex type N-glycans suppress cell proliferation and cell invasiveness in both NB cell lines via remodeling ECM.
Towards an Understanding of Control of Complex Rhythmical “Wavelike” Coordination in Humans
Authors: Sanders Ross Howard , Levitin Daniel J.
Published: April 2020

How does the human neurophysiological system self-organize to achieve optimal phase relationships among joints and limbs, such as in the composite rhythms of butterfly and front crawl swimming, drumming, or dancing? We conducted a systematic review of literature relating to central nervous system (CNS) control of phase among joint/limbs in continuous rhythmic activities. SCOPUS and Web of Science were searched using keywords “Phase AND Rhythm AND Coordination”. This yielded 1039 matches from which 23 papers were extracted for inclusion based on screening criteria. The empirical evidence arising from in-vivo, fictive, in-vitro, and modelling of neural control in humans, other species, and robots indicates that the control of movement is facilitated and simplified by innervating muscle synergies by way of spinal central pattern generators (CPGs). These typically behave like oscillators enabling stable repetition across cycles of movements. This approach provides a foundation to guide the design of empirical research in human swimming and other limb independent activities. For example, future research could be conducted to explore whether the Saltiel two-layer CPG model to explain locomotion in cats might also explain the complex relationships among the cyclical motions in human swimming.
UV-Cured Coatings Prepared with Sulfhydryl-Terminated Branched Polyurethane and Allyl-Terminated Hyperbranched Polycarbosilane
Authors: Jiao Xiaojiao , Zhang Taixu , Cheng Fei , Fan Yunxin , Liu Jiangling , Lai Guoqiao , Wu Yufei , Yang Xiongfa
Published: April 2020

The conventional polyurethane (PU) coatings have poor heat resistance, which will undergo severe pyrolysis when the temperature exceeds 200 °C. To overcome the shortcoming of conventional PU coatings, an ultraviolet (UV)-cured solvent-free hyperbranched polycarbosilane modified PU coatings was prepared by sulfhydryl-terminated polyurethane and allyl-terminated hyperbranched polycarbosilane. The initial decomposition temperature (Td5%) of the UV-cured coating ranges from 258 to 268 °C, which is obviously higher than those of the conventional PU coatings reported. The coating shows fairly low water absorption in the range of 0.6–1.36 wt% and exhibits grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 adhesion to glass, tin plate and aluminum sheet, respectively.
The Performance Improvement of Using Hole Transport Layer with Lithium and Cobalt for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Wang Shaoxi , Guan He , Yin Yue , Zhang Chunfu
Published: April 2020

With the continuous development of solar cells, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs), whose hole transport layer plays a vital part in collection of photogenerated carriers, have been studied by many researchers. Interface transport layers are important for efficiency and stability enhancement. In this paper, we demonstrated that lithium (Li) and cobalt (Co) codoped in the novel inorganic hole transport layer named NiOx, which were deposited onto ITO substrates via solution methods at room temperature, can greatly enhance performance based on inverted structures of planar heterojunction PSCs. Compared to the pristine NiOx films, doping a certain amount of Li and Co can increase optical transparency, work function, electrical conductivity and hole mobility of NiOx film. Furthermore, experimental results certified that coating CH3NH3PbIxCl3−x perovskite films on Li and Co- NiOx electrode interlayer film can improve chemical stability and absorbing ability of sunlight than the pristine NiOx. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has a great improvement from 14.1% to 18.7% when codoped with 10% Li and 5% Co in NiOx. Moreover, the short-circuit current density (Jsc) was increased from 20.09 mA/cm2 to 21.7 mA/cm2 and the fill factor (FF) was enhanced from 0.70 to 0.75 for the PSCs. The experiment results demonstrated that the Li and Co codoped NiOx can be a effective dopant to improve the performance of the PSCs.
Plasma-Assisted Deposition of Magnesium-Containing Coatings on Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Armenise Vincenza , Gristina Roberto , Favia Pietro , Cosmai Savino , Fracassi Francesco , Sardella Eloisa
Published: April 2020

Magnesium plays a pivotal role in the formation, growth, and repair of bone tissue; therefore, magnesium-based materials can be considered promising candidates for bone tissue engineering. This study aims to functionalize the surfaces of three-dimensional (3D) porous poly-ε caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with magnesium-containing coatings using cold plasma-assisted deposition processes. For this purpose, the radiofrequency (RF) sputtering of a magnesium oxide target was carried out in a low-pressure plasma reactor using argon, water vapor, hydrogen, or mixtures of argon with one of the latter two options as the feed. Plasma processes produced significant differences in the chemical composition and wettability of the treated PCL samples, which are tightly related to the gas feed composition, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle (WCA) analyses. Cytocompatibility assays performed with Saos-2 osteoblast cells showed that deposited magnesium-containing thin films favor cell proliferation and adhesion on 3D scaffold surfaces, as well as cell colonization inside them. These films appear to be very promising for bone tissue regeneration.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Particle Distribution from Magnetron Sputtering with Masks for Accurate Thickness Profile Control
Authors: Shi Yingna , Huang Qiushi , Qi Runze , Shen Zhengxiang , Zhang Zhong , Wang Zhanshan
Published: April 2020

Differential deposition and profile coating are two common deterministic fabrication methods for figure correction of high-precision mirrors. The generation of the desired particle distribution on the substrate as the growing function is an important prerequisite, especially for two-dimensional correction. A model of particle distribution considering the etched ring shape, mask structure, and mask distance between the target and substrate is established. The model is verified by deposition experiments using a series of circular holes with different hole sizes and distances of the mask from the substrate. According to the model, a smallest deposition beam width of 2.79 mm can be obtained using a hole with a 3 mm diameter. The shape of the particle distribution gradually changes from convex to concave as the mask moves away from the substrate for different holes. A two-dimensional figure correction of a flat mirror was demonstrated using a hole with a 6 mm diameter. The peak-to-valley (PV) value is reduced from 74.23 nm to 10.09 nm, and the root mean square (RMS) value is reduced from 18.38 nm to 1.36 nm within a 130 mm × 20 mm area. The model could provide useful guidance for high-precision two-dimensional figure correction applications.
An Optical Fiber Fabry–Perot Pressure Sensor with Optimized Thin Microbubble Film Shaping for Sensitivity Enhancement
Authors: Zhang Shubin , Shao Zhenjun , Liu Jinrong , Zong Meixue , Shen Jian , Gao Haitao , Wang Guanjun , Huang Mengxing
Published: April 2020

A pressure-assisted arc discharge method of preparing silicon microbubbles with a glass tube was utilized for decreasing the bubble film’s thickness and improving the bubble’s uniformity. By controlling the arc discharge intensity, discharge time and the position of the fiber carefully, the thickness of the microbubble film was reduced to the micrometer scale. Later, the thin film of the microbubble was transferred to the end the single-mode-fiber/glass-tube structure, for forming the FP (Fabry–Perot) interference cavity. As the thin film is sensitive to the outer pressure, such a configuration could be used for a high-sensitive-pressure measurement. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of this FP (Fabry–Perot) cavity was 6790 pm/MPa when the outer pressure ranges from 100 to 1600 kPa, and the relationship between the structural parameters of the thin film and the outer pressure was theoretically analyzed. Moreover, this special structure made of the end silicon film microbubble is more suitable for high-sensitivity applications.
Intratumoral Genomic Heterogeneity May Hinder Precision Medicine Strategies in Patients with Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Nakamura Kohei , Aimono Eriko , Tanishima Shigeki , Imai Mitsuho , Nagatsuma Akiko Kawano , Hayashi Hideyuki , Yoshimura Yuki , Nakayama Kentaro , Kyo Satoru , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: April 2020

Precision medicine, which includes comprehensive genome sequencing, is a potential therapeutic option for treating high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). However, HGSC is a heterogeneous tumor at the architectural, cellular, and molecular levels. Intratumoral molecular heterogeneity currently limits the precision of medical strategies based on the gene mutation status. This study was carried out to analyze the presence of 160 cancer-related genetic alterations in three tissue regions with different pathological features in a patient with HGSC. The patient exhibited histological heterogeneous features with different degrees of large atypical cells and desmoplastic reactions. TP53 mutation, ERBB2 and KRAS amplification, and WT1, CDH1, and KDM6A loss were detected as actionable gene alterations. Interestingly, the ERBB2 and KRAS amplification status gradually changed according to the region examined. The difference was consistent with the differences in pathological features. Our results demonstrate the need for sampling of the appropriate tissue region showing progression of pathological features for molecular analysis to solve issues related to tumor heterogeneity prior to developing precision oncology strategies.
Factors That Impact Measures of Grit among Nursing Students: A Journey Emblematic of the Koi Fish
Authors: Terry Daniel , Peck Blake
Published: April 2020

Grit is the capacity to persevere, to have passion, and be committed to achieve goals long-term regardless of adversity or challenge. Grit provides an insight into why some nursing students succeed academically or clinically, while others do not. This quantitative cross-sectional correlational study measured levels of grit among nursing students undertaking a three-year bachelor’s degree program. All students (n = 2349) within the program were invited to complete a questionnaire which included the short grit scale (Grit-S) which measured each student’s level of perseverance and passion. Overall, it was highlighted that increased levels of grit correlated with an increase in the student’s year of study, greater perceived clinical and academic performance, not using television as a motivator for entry to nursing, being lower on the socio-economic spectrum, and being older in age. Grit was found to develop exponentially as students entered second and third years, suggesting that a balance of constant academic and clinical challenge was an impetus for many to achieve in the face of adversity, and is reminiscent of the journey of the koi fish. This paper culminates in a call for educators to consider the inclusion of creative grit forming challenges that focus on developing a student’s sense of open-mindedness within first year of undergraduate nursing programs.