bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appraisal of D-Rex parameterization in simulating olivine crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) evolution using microstructural properties
Authors: Vedavyas Srivatsan , Fraters Menno , Billen Magali , Boneh Yuval
Published: February 2023

Olivine is a major phase in the upper mantle and its crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) carries strong implications for the interpretation of seismic anisotropy and geodynamic models of the upper mantle. The computational model D-Rex (Kaminski et al., 2004) is often used to depict the evolution of olivine CPO under various flow patterns. In its tracing of the crystallographic orientation of olivine and orthopyroxene aggregate D-Rex includes the process of dynamic recrystallization, a fundamental process associated with deformation under dislocation creep. Dynamic recrystallization and deformation mechanism are incorporated in D-Rex via different parameters - the efficiency of nucleation of new grains, grain boundary mobility, and the threshold value below which the grains deform by grain boundary sliding (GBS) (i.e., deformation does not result in rotation or recrystallization). These parameters were benchmarked with experiments to fit the overall CPO evolution. While D-Rex is set to predict the CPO, an appraisal of other pivotal microstructural properties like grain size, dislocation density, and recrystallization fraction has been neglected. Here, we use the implementation of D-Rex within ASPECT to model the shearing of grain to first trace the microstructural properties and further test how they are affected by the dynamic recrystallization parameters. We synthesize the results of tens of runs under a range of parameter space and strains. We observe that for grain size distribution, as the nucleation and threshold value for GBS increase the spread of grain sizes is relatively low while increasing mobility causes a large spread of grain size associated with a small group of grains that dominate the overall CPO. At low strains, the intermediate-sized grains are the major contributor to the CPO while with increasing strain, a smaller fraction of large grains dominate the CPO. Further, we find that the biggest grains keep growing bigger, while the smallest grains oscillate around the GBS threshold. Our analysis highlights the gap between the natural evolution of olivine microstructure and the microstructural properties evolution in D-Rex. The use and implications of different suggested parameters will be discussed.   Kaminski, É., Ribe, N. M., & Browaeys, J. T. (2004). D-Rex, a program for calculation of seismic anisotropy due to crystal lattice preferred orientation in the convective upper mantle. Geophysical Journal International, 158(2), 744–752. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02308.x
The mystery of multidecadal precipitation trends in southeastern South America
Authors: Varuolo-Clarke Arianna , Smerdon Jason , Williams Park
Published: February 2023

Austral summer precipitation increased by ~25% from 1902-2021 in southeastern South America (SESA; southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina); one of the largest observed precipitation trends globally. Previous studies have attributed the SESA precipitation increase to the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV), stratospheric ozone depletion, or greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing. While models simulate SESA precipitation increases due to anthropogenic forcing over the projection interval, a precipitation trend as large as that observed is almost never captured in model simulations over the historical period. We first assessed this model behavior by characterizing the relationship between the South American low-level jet and SESA precipitation using analyses of low-level moisture fluxes within the jet region. We use these fluxes as a metric for predicting SESA precipitation in observations, reanalysis, and simulations from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project from 1951-2014 (the period of overlap between reanalysis data and historical simulations). We find that while the simulated relationships between the jet and SESA precipitation are consistent with observations, only ~2% of the historical simulations yield a SESA precipitation trend that falls within the observed uncertainty range. Therefore, the simulated low-level jet dynamics do not appear to resolve the muted CMIP6 estimates of 20th- to 21st-century SESA precipitation trends. We subsequently characterize the influence of large-scale dynamics on the SESA precipitation trend. We take particular interest in quantifying the roles of the AMV, stratospheric ozone depletion, and GHG forcing on the SESA precipitation trend across seasons and through time in observations compared to CMIP6. These large-scale dynamics are interpreted in terms of the unexplained portions of the historical trend and interpreted in terms of their representation in the CMIP6 models.
A revision of the Newfoundland Margin: new results from revisited legacy seismic datasets
Authors: Gómez de la Peña Laura , R. Ranero César , Prada Manel , Sallares Valentí , Shillington Donna
Published: February 2023

Models of continental margins evolution are largely based on incomplete information, much of it built on research that is now >20 years old. Recent developments in parallel computing and novel geophysical approaches provide now the means to obtain a new look at the structure with radically superior resolution seismic models and a mathematically-robust analysis of the data uncertainty, that was formerly difficult, if not unfeasible, to achieve.We focused on the Newfoundland margin and applied bleeding-edge methodologies to a high-quality dataset acquired in 2000. The SCREECH data includes three primary transects with coincident multichannel seismic reflection data acquired on a 6-km streamer and wide-angle data recorded by short-period OBS and OBH spaced at ~10-20 km. This dataset was processed >15 years ago with now outdated methodologies. This re-processing in an HPC environment provided the high-resolution images that are needed to fulfill the characterization of this margin.In particular, we performed the join inversion of multichannel and wide-angle seismic data, which radically improved the resolution of the velocity model and allow to perform a Pre-Stack Depth Migration of the multichannel data. The higher resolution of these images allows to characterize the different crustal domains of the margin in detail, as well as the tectonic structure.Our results support a more complex structure than previously suggested, with crustal characteristics that change over short distances. In addition, reprocessing of the MCS data allowed to a better understanding of the crustal structure, as the Moho is imaged for the first time along the necking domain. Altogether, these results provide the high-resolution images needed to understand the formation and evolution of the Newfoundland margin.Comparison of these results on the Newfoundland margin with the most novelty data on the West Iberian margin, acquired during the cruises FRAME (2018) and ATLANTIS (2022) (PI: C. Ranero, streamer data and coincident closely-spaced OBS data), provides a unique opportunity to further understand the evolution of the North Atlantic opening.
Updating Terrestrial Reference Frame using Sequential Computation Method
Authors: Chin Toshio Mike , Abbondanza Claudio , Gross Richard , Heflin Michael , Parker Jay
Published: February 2023

JTRF2020 is a recent contribution by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory to IERS as part of their effort to determine ITRF2020.  JTRF2020 is estimated daily using a sequential computational method (called "SREF") based on the SRIF and DMCS algorithms which are respective variants of the Kalman filter and smoother.  The filtering algorithm allows us to make timely update of the reference frame, as newer geodetic analysis data become available beyond those ingested into JTRF2020.  Benefits of such frame updating are examined using hindcasting experiments, which are presented here.  Also, some of the standard formulas used in terrestrial reference frame realizations are not immediately suitable for sequential formulation required by the algorithms like the Kalman filter.  We thus describe our sequential re-formulation of these formulas, including the intrinsic constraints, week-long EOP arcs, and lack of initial conditions.
Mechanistic modelling of the rhizosphere across scales
Authors: Schnepf Andrea
Published: February 2023

The rhizosphere, or the soil directly influenced by plant roots, is a complex and dynamic environment shaped by both plant and soil processes. Plant processes include root growth, rhizodeposition, root water and nutrient uptake or signalling; soil processes include water flow, reactive transport, organic matter decomposition or soil microbe and fauna-related processes. In this contribution, we focus on the soil-related aspects of modelling the interactions within the rhizosphere and how these interactions lead to the emergence of specific properties. Factors such as radial transport, root growth, and diurnal variation all play a role in the formation of patterns within the rhizosphere. However, modelling these processes is challenging due to their interconnected nature and the fact that they occur on multiple temporal and spatial scales. Recent research by Vetterlein et al. (2020) and Schnepf et al. (2022) have addressed these challenges and advances in our understanding of modelling the rhizosphere. For example can the effect of root elongation rate on the radial extension of the rhizosphere be quantified by means of the rhizosphere Péclet number, a dimensionless number that compares the importance of diffusive transport relative to root elongation rate. New findings of Kuppe et al. (2022), who have organized rhizosphere models within a collective framework that allows for the incorporation of microorganisms and their activity and motility, and Deckmyn et al. (2020), who combined soil carbon and food web ecosystem models, will further enhance a mechanistic description of the rhizosphere Deckmyn G, Flores O, Mayer M, Domene X, Schnepf A, Kuka K, Van Looy K, Rasse DP, Briones MJI, Barot S, Berg M, Vanguelova E, Ostonen I, Vereecken H, Suz LM, Frey B, Frossard A, Tiunov A, Frouz J, Grebenc T, Öpik M, Javaux M, Uvarov A, Vinduskova O, Henning Krogh P, Franklin O, Jiménez J, Curiel Yuste J. 2020. KEYLINK: towards a more integrative soil representation for inclusion in ecosystem scale models. I. review and model concept. PeerJ 8:e9750 DOI 10.7717/peerj.9750Kuppe CW, Schnepf A, von Lieres E, Watt M, Postma JA (2022) Rhizosphere models: their concepts and application to plant-soil ecosystems. Plant Soil 474, 17–55. doi: 10.1007/s11104-021-05201-7Schnepf A, Carminati A, Ahmed MA, Ani M, Benard P, Bentz J, Bonkowski M, Knott M, Diehl D, Duddek P, Kröner E, Javaux M, Landl M, Lehndorff E, Lippold E, Lieu A, Mueller CW, Oburger E, Otten W, Portell X, Phalempin M, Prechtel A, Schulz R, Vanderborght J, Vetterlein D (2022) Linking rhizosphere processes across scales: Opinion. Plant and Soil 478: 5-42. doi: 10.1007/s11104-022-05306-7.Vetterlein D, Carminati A, Kögel-Knabner I, Bienert GP, Smalla K, Oburger E, Schnepf A, Banitz T, Tarkka MT, Schlüter S (2020) Rhizosphere Spatiotemporal Organization–A Key to Rhizosphere Functions. Frontiers in Agronomy 2. doi: 10.3389/fagro.2020.00008.
Acid mine drainage and ecotoxicity in soils and sediments.
Authors: Pérez-Sirvent Carmen , Martínez Sanchez Maria Jose , Martínez Lopez Salvadora , Martinez Martinez Lucia Belen , Hernandez Cordoba Manuel , Hernandez Perez Carmen , Banegas Garcia Ascension , el Jamaoui Imad , Bech Jaime , Garcia Lorenzo Mariluz
Published: February 2023

Measurements of acid volatile sulphide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in sediments are used to assess the toxicity of metals to native benthic organisms. The AVS is obtained from the sulphides contained in the sediments by addition of acid and the SEM are the metals extracted during the AVS treatment. The AVS/SEM method reflects a more precise estimation of sediment toxicity to benthic organisms than "total" metal values (cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) by measuring a "bioavailable" fraction of the metals present. Sediment toxicity is assessed by calculating the sum of the SEM (µmol/g dry weight) divided by the AVS concentration (in the same units): a ratio less than or equal to 1 indicates that the metals in the sediment are not bioavailable, while a ratio greater than 1 indicates that the metals are bioavailable.In this case, they are applied to soils containing mining waste and marine sediments that were buried under these inputs in Portman Bay (SE Spain) and compared with the values obtained from the ecotoxicity tests used: microtox, ostracodes and gambarus for sediments and phytotoxicity tests for topsoil samples.The results confirm the ecotoxic characteristics of some of the samples evaluated and also allow an approximation to be made of the impact that neighbouring materials may have if subjected to AMD, when there is intense precipitation and the waters of the wadis reach the bay with the runoff from the neighbouring mining areas.
Tillage practices can alter the microbial resistance and resilience to drought
Authors: Brangarí Albert C. , Lyonnard Blandine , Rousk Johannes
Published: February 2023

An aspect of ‘soil health’ can be assessed by evaluating the microbial responses to soil rewetting after a period of drought. In general, those microbial communities that had been frequently exposed to extreme moisture fluctuations exhibit a faster recovery of their functions after rain than communities not used to severe droughts. However, whether and how changes in land-use management alter these short-term responses remains unresolved. To investigate this issue, we sampled soils from permanent pastures and tilled croplands, exposed them to a cycle of drying-rewetting, and compared their responses –bacterial growth, fungal growth, and respiration– over soil depth (top 30 cm). Results showed categorically different response patterns across land uses that were noticeable down to the ploughing depth, exhibiting significant differences in the microbial resistance and resilience to drought. When ploughing cancelled soil stratification, the exposure and adaptation of soil microorganisms to conditions of water stress increased, which caused contrasting shifts in the bacterial vs fungal response to drying-rewetting. These results confirmed the capability of land-use management to alter soil health and agroecological functioning.
Tomographic analysis of advective flow and diffusive flux toward improved migration predictability in host rocks for radioactive waste
Authors: Fischer Cornelius , Kulenkampff Johannes , Cardenas-Rivera Maria , Zhou Wenyu , Schöngart Jann
Published: February 2023

The predictive power of numerical approaches for the analysis of flow fields, e.g. for  radionuclide migration, depends on the quality of the underlying pore network geometry. Validation of the obtained simulation results can only be performed with a limited number of methods. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a suitable technique that has been established in geomaterial sciences in recent years. The use of suitable radiotracers allows the analysis of advective transport and diffusive flux in a variety of complex porous materials. In addition to the visualization of time-resolved transport patterns, the statistical analysis of transport controlling parameters is currently in the focus of investigations using PET techniques.Using potential host rock types with low permeability for underground radioactive waste repositories as examples, we have analyzed the heterogeneity of the flow field at laboratory scale.1 Diagenetic and sedimentary components and their pore size distributions and pore network geometries are responsible for the flow field properties. The resulting generalized pore network geometries are used in digital rock models to calculate effective diffusivities, using a combined upscaling workflow for transport simulations from the nanometer to the micrometer scale.2 For advective transport in fractured crystalline rocks, PET provides evidence for the influence of fracture wall geometries over a wide range of the length scale. Surface building blocks from nm to mm size are responsible for the observed changes in breakthrough curve behavior. Finally, another hot topic is the testing of reactive PET tracers for materials analysis. In addition to the use of conservative tracers described above, reactive tracers provide insight into the density of reactive surface sites in complex porous materials.1Bollermann, T.; Yuan, T.;  Kulenkampff, J.;  Stumpf, T.; Fischer, C., Pore network and solute flux pattern analysis towards improved predictability of diffusive transport in argillaceous host rocks. Chemical Geology 2022, 606, 120997.2Yuan, T.; Fischer, C., The influence of sedimentary and diagenetic heterogeneity on the radionuclide diffusion in the sandy facies of the Opalinus Clay at the core scale. Applied Geochemistry 2022, 146, 105478.
A Nonstationary Multivariate Framework for Modelling Compound Flooding
Authors: Xuan Yunqing , Wang Han
Published: February 2023

 Flooding is widely regarded as one of the most dangerous natural hazards worldwide. It often arises from various sources either individually or combined such as extreme rainfall, storm surge, high sea level, large river discharge or the combination of them. However, the concurrence or close succession of these different source mechanisms can lead to compound flooding, resulting in larger damages and even catastrophic consequences than those from the events caused by the individual mechanism. Here, we present a modelling framework aimed at supporting risk analysis of compound flooding in the context of climate change, where nonstationary joint probability of multiple variables and their interactions need to be quantified.The framework uses the Block Bootstrapping Mann-Kendall test to detect the temporal changes of marginals, and the correlation test associated with the Rolling Window method to estimate whether the correlation structure varies with time; it then evaluates various combinations of marginals and copulas under stationary and nonstationary assumptions. Meanwhile, a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is employed to estimate the time-varying parameters of copulas.
Towards a better understanding of deep belowground water stores and their influence on land-atmosphere exchange and drought impacts
Authors: Stocker Benjamin , Tumber-Dávila Shersingh Joseph , Konings Alexandra G. , Anderson Martha C. , Hain Christopher , Giardina Francesco , Jackson Robert B.
Published: February 2023

Water availability controls vegetation activity and the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems across a large portion of the global land surface. Although the influence of terrestrial water storage (TWS) on the land carbon balance is evident in globally aggregated measures, it remains unknown whether the large annual amplitudes in TWS are causally linked to water availability in the rooting zone of vegetation, or whether they reflect a correlation of plant water stress with water stored in other landscape elements that may not directly be connected to vegetation functioning (lakes, rivers, groundwater). Global models of the land surface typically ignore hillslope-scale variations in plant water availability, and water stores that are located beyond the soil, and beyond prescribed plant rooting depths. This simplification is partly owed to a lack of empirical information.Here, we approach this gap from two angles: from the site scale using eddy covariance observations, and from the global scale using earth observations. Water mass balance constraints derived from thermal infrared-based evapotranspiration (ET) estimates and precipitation reanalysis data indicate plant-available water stores that exceed the storage capacity of 2 m deep soils across 37% of the Earth’s vegetated surface. Large spatial variations of the rooting zone water storage capacity across topographic and hydro-climatic gradients are tightly linked to the sensitivity of vegetation activity (measured by sun-induced fluorescence and by the evaporative fraction) to water deficits. Similar patterns between ET and cumulative water deficits emerge from site-level flux measurements. We found large variations of the vegetation sensitivity to dry conditions across sites and at several sites a muted response of ET to dry conditions in spite of large (>300 mm) seasonal water deficits at some sites.Taken together, results we show here hint at a critical role of plant access to deep water stores and the need to extend the focus beyond moisture in the top 1-2 m of soil for understanding and simulating land-atmosphere exchange. Our results add to the emerging evidence that water stored in the weathered bedrock and plant access to groundwater may have a more important role in regulating land-atmosphere exchange and the carbon cycle than previously appreciated.
Plausible Drying and Wetting Scenarios for Summer Rainfall in Southeastern South America: a storyline approach
Authors: Mindlin Julia , Vera Carolina S. , Shepherd Theodore  G. , Osman Marisol
Published: February 2023

Summer rainfall trends in Southeastern South America (SES) have received a lot of attention in the past decades because of the socioeconomic impacts affecting an area where around 200 million people live. Literature identifies more than one driving mechanism for them, some of which have opposing effects. However, it is still not clear how much each mechanism has contributed to the observed trends or how their combined influence will affect future trends. In this work, we study SES summer rainfall future trends that can be explained by mechanisms related to large-scale extratropical circulation responses in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) to remote drivers of regional climate change. We find that regional uncertainty in SES during summer is well represented by combining the influence of four remote drivers, two of them characterizing tropical Pacific SST warming patterns, another one related to tropical upper tropospheric amplification of surface warming, and a fourth one related to the delay of the SH stratospheric polar vortex breakdown date. To do so, we quantify the contributions of the different remote drivers to SES rainfall trends and assess the sensitivity of circulation in SH to these drivers. Then, we analyze how the circulation response can mediate the relationship between regional precipitation changes and each of the remote driver responses. We use these quantifications and a storyline framework to answer the following research questions: Are all of the plausible scenarios for summer rainfall in the SES region characterized by wet conditions only? Is it possible that some plausible scenarios could also involve very weak wetting or even drying trends?
Can the differences between these contrasting scenarios be explained by variations in atmospheric circulation patterns forced by large-scale remote drivers?
By applying a storyline approach, the representation of uncertainty in summer precipitation trends in SES is improved and plausible drying scenarios are found in addition to the wetting ones. Our storyline approach is able to identify the highest impact storylines and deal with the complexity of working with four remote drivers. In addition, we show how the definition of the SES regional box can impact the results, given that if the spatial pattern characterizing the dynamical influences are complex and the impacts can be averaged out.
How lithospheric thickness and strength variations facilitate the rifting of ancient cratonic lithosphere
Authors: Froemchen Malte , McCaffrey Ken , van Hunen Jeroen , Allen Mark , Phillips Thomas
Published: February 2023

Geodynamic models can aid understanding the evolution of rifting in North China and other rift systems. The North China Craton (NCC) formed by the collision of two Archean blocks in the Paleoproterozoic resulting in a broad collision zone known as Trans-North China Orogen. The NCC shows two different modes of extension that are separated by space and time. Wide, distributed rifts formed during the Paleogene above the Eastern NCC, in the Neogene migrated to the Western NCC forming narrow, localised rifts near the Paleoproterozoic orogens. However, the mechanism that led to development of these fundamentally different rifts and the migration of rifting remains debated. Here we use the geodynamical tool ASPECT to perform 2D thermo-mechanical modelling to explain the role of variable lithospheric strength and inherited lithospheric weaknesses in the development of rift systems. We found that a wide, distributed rift develops over non-cratonic lithosphere, while the adjacent cratonic lithosphere will accommodate little strain. To explain rift migration in North China we require 1.) a period of tectonic quiescence that strengthens the lithosphere following distributed initial rifting 2.) a specific range of relative lithospheric thickness variations and 3) presence of a lithosphere scale weak zone, i.e., an inherited feature. Our results show how lithospheric thickness and strength variations as well as discrete zones of lithospheric weaknesses can influence the style of rifting and facilitate the breakup of an ancient craton. These results are applicable to other multiphase rift systems around the world such as the North Atlantic.
LithoPlates - a new deep-time reconstruction community service provided by the AusGeochem data platform
Authors: Kohlmann Fabian , Noble Wayne P. , Qin Xiaodong , Higton Jamie , Beucher Romain , Theile Moritz , Müller R. Dietmar
Published: February 2023

AusGeochem, together with the Earthbyte Group and Lithodat, has developed a cloud-based, fully integrated deep time reconstruction tool for geochemistry data based on Earthbyte’s pyGplates and plate models. This new tool is easy to use and enables researchers to visualise and analyse samples and analytical results in their palinspastic context. On-the-fly analytical tools currently included in AusGeochem such as live contouring and multi-sample selections can now be performed in their paleogeographic locations without any further data preparation. The ease of use will enable researchers to explore the world of deep-time reconstructions and enhance their understanding of the tectonic settings and events of importance to rock, mineral or fluid sample history. The current version enables the user to select between 7 different plate models ranging back to 1 Ga. All images and results can be exported for further analysis and processing.
 
Here we present how this new tool can be used and how it is integrated into AusGeochem, Australia's public geochemistry data platform for FAIR data. Geochronology data can be reconstructed back in time to help understand when and where rocks were formed or deformed, and how they are related in a paleogeographic context. Filters can be applied to make sure only data of age relevance are shown in any given reconstruction timeslice. The advantage of having the new reconstruction function fully integrated into AusGeochem’s relational database is that all data and metadata can be analysed using the same on-the-fly tools in both present-day and palinspastic geography. . This new tool is primarily designed for researchers interested in the paleogeographic context of their samples, but also for plate model scientists seeking to integrate all available geochronology and thermochronology data to help better constrain and improve existing plate models. Future enhancements will include the addition of more deep-time plate models, advanced visualisation and filters and a comparison of multiple model outputs. 
Estimating the significance of the added skill from initializations: The case of decadal predictions
Authors: Christiansen Bo , Yang Shuting , Matte Dominic
Published: February 2023

A considerable part of the skill in decadal forecasts often come from the forcings which are present in both initialized and un-initialized model experiments. This makes the added value from initialization difficult to assess. We investigate statistical tests to quantify if initialized forecasts provide skill over the un-initialized experiments. We consider three correlation based statistics previous used in the literature. The distributions of these statistics under the null-hypothesis that initialization has no added values are calculated by a surrogate data method. We present some simple examples and study the statistical power of the tests. We find that there can be large differences in both the values and the power for the different statistics. In general the simple statistic defined as the difference between the skill of the initialized and uninitialized experiments behaves best. However, for all statistics the risk of rejecting the true null-hypothesis is too high compared to the nominal value.We compare the three tests on initialized decadal predictions (hindcasts) of near-surface temperature performed with a climate model and find evidence for a significant effect of initializations for small lead-times. In contrast, we find only little evidence for a significant effect of initializations for lead-times larger than 3 years when the experience from the simple experiments is included in the estimation.
Characterization of the geothermal anomaly associated with the pre-andean reverse fault of Calientes, South of Peru: a multi-disciplinary approach.
Authors: Taillefer Audrey , Truche Laurent , Audin Laurence , Denti Simona , Donze Frederic , Tisserand Delphine , Findling Nathaniel , Guillou-Frottier Laurent , Masías Alvarez Pablo Jorge , Manrique Lllerena Nelida , Zerathe Swann
Published: February 2023

In Peru, energy production is more than 75 % dominated by hydrocarbons (IEA, 2018) while at the same time, the Andes forearc is in a full demographic and economic development. However, the geothermal potential associated with reverse fault in the mountain range forearcs remains poorly studied compared to normal faults.  It is then essential to evaluate the geothermal potential associated with the Andes forearc thrust faults, in considering the environmental risks associated.The hydrothermal system associated with the Sama-Calientes fault, near the city of Tacna South of Peru (18°S) is a suitable field site to experiment how integrated studies could provide an exploration diagnostic. The Calientes hot springs (42-44°C) emerge on the Sama-Calientes fault, an active thrust which delimits the border between the Andes and the north extension of the Atacama Desert. With an integrated study of the hydrothermal fluids and gas geochemistry, XRD composition of the hydrothermal deposits and veins, structural geology, and 3D numerical modeling with COMSOL Multiphysics, we propose to characterize the thermal anomaly associated with the Calientes springs and faults, putting them in perspective with the other hydrothermal springs in the region. Preliminary results indicated that hydraulic breccia, veins, and concretions around the Calientes springs and faults are mainly composed of calcite, contrarily to the other hot springs sites inside the Andes (excepted the Ticaco hot springs). Free and dissolved gas of the springs associated with the high Andean volcanoes (Casiri, Yucamani, Tacora) are mainly composed of CO2 (90-100%), while those associated with the pre-andean faults (Sama-Calientes, Incapuquio) are mainly composed of N2 (60-100%). Volcanic-associated springs show high sulfate concentrations (48-54 mmol/L) compared to fault-associated springs (3-25 mmol/L).  A simple 3D numerical model with a surface DEM and a homogenous permeability indicates that the topography-driven flow lines contributing to the Calientes springs would come from the Tacora volcano, 40 km north-east of Calientes. More investigation will precise the organization of the hydrothermal cells and the associated thermal anomalies. This work will also contribute to understand the role of hydrothermal fluids in subduction zones and especially on seismogenic reverse fault dynamics.
Grinding through the Ediacaran-Cambrian Transition
Authors: Rose Catherine , Prave Tony , Baillie Iona , Cantine Marjorie , Kasemann Simone , Macdonald Francis , Mesli Melanie , Nduutepo Andreas , Pruss Sara , Trindade Ricardo , Zhu Maoyan
Published: February 2023

The Neoproterozoic Era (1000 - 541 Ma) is one of the most dramatic in Earth history: metazoans evolved, the supercontinent Rodinia formed and broke apart, the global carbon cycle underwent high-amplitude fluctuations, oxygen concentrations rose and climate experienced at least two episodes of worldwide glaciation. However, the discontinuous and fragmented nature of outcrop-based studies has hindered developing quantitative models of Earth system functioning during that Era. The Geological Research through Integrated Neoproterozoic Drilling (GRIND) project begins to rectify this scientific shortcoming by obtaining 13 cores through the archetype successions that record this environmental and biogeochemical change. The specific targets are the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition (ECT; c. 560-530 Ma) in south Namibia (Nama Group), strata of west Brazil (Corumbá Group), and South China (Doushantuo, Dengying and equivalent formations). Drilling in Namibia and Brazil is complete, and drilling in China will commence in 2023. The work aims to 1) construct a highly resolved temporal framework that will lead to the development of age models for the ECT; 2) refine the patterns of biotic evolution of organic-walled and mineralised microfossils, metazoans and trace fossils, and identify the links between and test hypotheses about biological evolution and environmental change, and 3) using fresh, unweathered samples, determine the palaeoenvironmental and biogeochemical conditions that led to the rise of oxygen and distinguish cause-and-effect relationships and basin-specific versus global-scale secular trends in geochemical and stable isotope patterns. We present sedimentological data from the characterised split cores from Namibia and Brazil, which are permanently archived at an in-country repository as well as the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources in Germany. All cores will be available for future research, education and national capacity building activities and mark the first step towards creating an on-shore core archive that will match in stature that of the IODP.
Impacts of severe droughts on species interaction in forests
Authors: Werner Christiane , Haberstroh Simon , Seifert Thomas , Christen Andreas , Caldeira Maria
Published: February 2023

Global change-type droughts increasingly endanger sustainable forest functioning in semi-arid and also in temperate European forests. Generally, mixed forests comprising different tree species are considered more resistant towards droughts, however, little is known about changes in species interactions (i.e. facilitation and competition) under increasing drought severity. In particular, knowledge on the regulation of ecohydrological processes, such as tree water fluxes, is lacking. We investigated responses during both natural extreme drought in 2018 and 2022 in a pine forest and experimental drought and competition treatment in a cork-oak forest between 2017 and 2020.The heavily impacted Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest at the ICOS ecosystem site Hartheim in the upper Rhine valley, Germany, hit a tipping-point during the 2018 drought showing very negative leaf water potentials, and over 47 % tree mortality in 2019. Net carbon exchange indicated slow recovery of NEE and a vegetation shift to broadleaved understory trees.The combined precipitation exclusion and shrub invasion (Cistus ladanifer L.) experiment in a Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber L.) ecosystem in Portugal showed that the combination of imposed drought and shrub invasion amplified stress effects during an extreme drought, with strongly reduced tree transpiration. Contrarily, the imposed drought reduced the competitiveness of the shrubs in the following recovery period, which buffered the negative effects of shrub invasion on Q. suber.Further a literature review on the impact of species interactions on tree resilience underlined that interactions can shift with increasing drought severity: beneficial species interactions, i.e. improved water relations, were prevalent under mild droughts. However, with increasing drought, negative effects, such as interspecific competition increased. These prevailed under extreme droughts, where even trees with complementary resource use strategies competed for water resources.Moreover, under extreme droughts, competition effects and reduced recovery of some species were observed, which can strongly compromise tree resilience. Our results demonstrate the highly dynamic and non-linear effects of interacting stressors on ecosystems and urges for further investigations on biotic interactions in a context of climate change induced alteration.
The impact of transport, land and fiscal policy on housing and economic geography in a small, open growth model
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin
Published: February 2023

This study proposes a spatial model to examine dynamic interactions among growth, economic geography, the housing market, and public goods in a small, open economic growth model. We emphasize the impact of transport, land and fiscal policy on the spatial economy. The economy consists of the industrial sector, housing sector and local public goods. The model synthesizes the main ideas in the neoclassical growth theory, the Alonso urban model and the Muth housing model within the neoclassical open, small-growth framework. We solve the dynamics of the economic system and simulate the model to demonstrate dynamic interactions among economic growth, the housing market, residential distribution and public goods over time and space. Our simulation demonstrates, for instance, that as the tax rate on land income is increased, the total capital stocks and the stocks employed by the housing and public sectors are increased, the land devoted to local public goods falls and land rents and housing rents rise over space, and the consumption level of industrial goods and the total expenditures on public goods are increased. Our integrating model provides some new insights that cannot be obtained from the component models.
An Agent-Based Model of Origin Destination Estimation (ABODE)
Authors: Tilahun Nebiyou , Levinson David
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes and tests an agent-based model of worker and job matching. The model takes residential locations of workers and the locations of employers as exogenous and deals specifically with the interactions between firms and workers in creating a job-worker match and the commute outcomes. It is meant to illustrate that by explicitly modeling the search and hiring process, origins and destinations (ODs) can be linked at a disaggregate level. The model is tested on a toy-city as well as using data from the Twin Cities area. The toy-city model illustrates that the model predicts reasonable commute outcomes, with agents selecting the closest work place when wage and skill differentiation is absent in the labor market. The introduction of wage dispersion and skill differentiation in the model increases the the average home to work distances considerably. Using data from Twin Cities area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, aggregate commute and wage outcomes from the model are shown to capture the trends in the observed data. Overall, the results suggest that the behavior rules as implemented lead to reasonable patterns. Future directions are also discussed.
Microsimulation framework for urban price-taker markets
Authors: Farooq Bilal , Miller Eric J. , Chingcuanco Franco , Giroux-Cook Martin
Published: February 2023

In the context of integrated transportation and other urban engineering infrastructure systems, there are many examples of markets, where consumers exhibit price-taking behavior. While this behavior is ubiquitous, the underlying mechanism can be captured in a single framework. Here, we present a microsimulation framework of a price-taker market that recognizes this generality and develop efficient algorithms for the associated market-clearing problem. By abstracting the problem as a specific graph theoretic problem (i.e., maximum weighted bipartite graph), we are first able to exploit algorithms that are developed in graph theory. We then explore their appropriateness in terms of large-scale integrated urban microsimulations. Based on this, we further develop a generic and efficient clearing algorithm that takes advantage of the features specific to urban price-taker markets. This clearing solution is then used to operationalize two price-taker markets, from two different contexts, within a microsimulation of urban systems. The initial validation of results against the observed data generally shows a close match.
CARRYING OUT MAINTENANCE OF PUMPS ACCORDING TO THE VALUE OF THE VOLUME OF WORK AT THE ENTERPRISE "CENTRAL MINING ENTERPRISE" LLP
Authors:   K.I.Satpayev Kazakh National Research Technical University  Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Satybaldy S.P. , Baskanbayeva D.J. ,   K.I.Satpayev Kazakh National Research Technical University  Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Petrov N.I. ,   Trakia University Stara-Zagora, Republic of Bulgaria
Published: February 2023

Мақалада негізгі сорғы түрлері бойынша «Орталық Өндіруші Кәсіпорны» ЖШС кәсіпорны бойынша техникалық қызмет көрсету түрлері қарастырылды. Техникалық қызмет көрсету, ағымдағы жөндеу және толық жөндеу жұмыстары негізінде олардың тиімділігін арттыруда кездесетін мәселелер қаралды. Ғылыми мақаланың өзектілігі зерттеу жұмыстары «Орталық Өндіруші Кәсіпорны» ЖШС кәсіпорны аумағында жүзеге асырылды және кәсіпорындағы сорғы жасаған жұмыстарының мәні бойынша есептеулер, қорытынды және олардың жұмысын жақсарту бойынша кәсіпорынға ұсынымдар жасалынды. Мақаланың негізгі мақсаты тұрақты түрде техникалық қызмет көрсетуді кәсіпорында жүзеге асыру арқылы сорғылардың жұмысын жақсарту, жөндеу жұмыстарына кететін шығындарды азайту және өнімділікті арттыру болып табылады. Ғылыми мақаланың кәсіпорындағы негізгі 3 сорғы түрі қарастырылады. Мақалада сорғылардың әр жыл бойынша жұмыс істеу көлемін анықтау арқылы қажетті техникалық қызмет түрлерінің сұлбасы және сорғылар бойынша регламент талаптарына сәйкес олардың тізімі жасалды. Мақаладағы негізгі қарастырылған мәселелер сорғылардың үздіксіз жұмыс жасау процесін қалыптастыруға байланысты кәсіпорындағы жұмыстарды және ақауларды анықтау, олардың болдырмау жолдарын қарастыру сонымен сорғылардың жұысының тиімділігін аттыру болып табылады. Мақаланың негізгі жаңалығы бұл «Орталық Өндіруші Кәсіпорны» ЖШС кәсіпорнындағы сорғылар бойынша олардың нормативтік талаптарға сәйкес мерзімдік түрде жасалатын техникалық қызметтер түрлерін кәсіпорын мамандарымен бірге қалыптастыру және оларды жұмыс процесіне енгізу. Мақалада техникалық қызмет түрлерін қалыптастыру бойынша негізгі ұйымдастыру әдістері қолданылды. Негізгі есептеулер және нәтижелер бойынша кесте түрінде олардың тізімі жасалды және оларды дамыту кәсіпорын жауапты тұлғаларына бірнеше ұсыныстар жасалды.
THE FEATURE OF USING COMPARISON AND CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN A LITERARY TEXT (BASED ON THE WORKS OF A. KEKILBAEV)
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Sarysheva K.S.
Published: February 2023

Жаһандану дәуірі атанған ХХІ ғасырда әрбір ұлттың өзіндік бет-бейнесі ұлттың рухани мұрасын, этномәдениетін сақтап, қайта жаңғырта білуіне байланысты болмақ. Біздің халқымыздың тілі, әдебиеті, мәдениеті бүгінгі қазақты өзге ұлттардан ерекшелендіріп қана қоймай, әлемдік кеңістіктегі орнымыздың жоғары болуына да әлеуетінің жететіндігін айқындай алады. Ә.Кекілбаев туындыларын мысалға келтіре отырып зерттелген мақалада қаламгердің тілдік тұлғасындағы теңеулер мен метафоралық қолданыстары сөз болады. Көркем мәтінде шығарма мазмұнын айшықтап жеткізетін көркемдегіш құралдардың бірі және ұлттық колоритті дөп басып өрнектей алатын теңеулер мен концептуалды метафора, зерттеуші ғалымдардың тұжырымдарын басшылыққа ала отырып қарастырылады, көркем шығармадағы тілдік қолданыстармен дәйектеледі. Ұлттық тілдің табиғатын шынайы танып-білу үшін тілді ұлттың тарихымен, мәдениетімен, рухани қазынасымен, яғни дүниетанымымен тығыз қарым-қатынаста, бірлікте қарастырған жөн. Сол себепті мақалада көркем мәтіндегі жазушының сөз саптау шеберлігі мен халықтың өзінің өткен дәуірлердегі наным-сенімін, түйсік-түсінігін, ой-қиялын, тыныс-тіршілігін аз сөздің аясына сыйдырып, ерекше өрнектей білгендігі нақты мысалдармен дәлелденеді. Мағыналық дистрибуцияның бұзылуы негізінде пайда болған жазушының окказионал қолданысының мағыналарына талдау жасалып, түсініктеме беріледі. Қорытындысында жазушы шығармалары тілін когнитивтік деңгейде түбегейлі зерттеу керек деген тұжырым жасалады.
POETIC, LITERARY CHARACTER OF MOLDAKHMET DABILULY’S DIDACTIC WORKS
Authors:   Syr Media LLP, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Ongarbaуev A.S. , Oralova C.S. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: February 2023

This article analyzes the poetic features of Moldakhmet Dabyluly’s didactic works, an outstanding personality of traditional poetic poetry. He is a creative person who combined improvising, poetic, zhyrau, storytelling, accompanying his youth in life. The propagandistic nature of the didactically significant poems, instructive thoughts, educational meaning of Moldakhmet Dabyluly preaching ethic morality is differentiated in the article.Literary theoretical analyzes were made on the artistic expressions of the poetwho performed terme, songs and epic works with his own style, lyrical works with an original style, studied and developed from his predecessor’s traditions, and left a rich legacy in the field of art. Poet Moldakhmet's style of performing epic works and his propaganda skill in delivering poems and epics to listeners are described. Among the lyrical poems of the poet Moldakhmet, terme-tolgaus are expressed by didactic expressiveness. The works analyze the ideological, literary and aesthetic assessments of prominent figures of Kazakh history, who sang them in memory and set an example for posterity. Terme-reflectionsare works of a propagandistic nature, glorifying the content of life in Kazakh poetry. Scientific assessments of the problems touched upon by the poet in terme-reflections, moral reflections of generations in dedication verses are carried out. Scientific evaluations are made of the issues contained in the poems of the poet, the morally oriented thoughts of the poet in the dedication poems. Poet’s didactic works are analyzed in connection with traditions and literary problems in literature.