bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Left atrial wall thickness and its relationship with reconnection after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation evaluated using a three-dimensional wall thickness map
Authors: Oh Seil , Joo Yoon Ha , Lee Euijae , Lee So-Ryoung , Cha Myung-Jin , Choi Eue-Keun , Lee Jung Chan , Lee Whal
Published: October 2021

Background

The major cause of recurrence after pulmonary vein (PV) isolation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is PV reconnection, and thicker wall could be associated with reconnection.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the wall thickness of the PV antrum in reconnection sites using a three-dimensional (3D) wall thickness map.

Methods

A total of 91 patients who underwent a second ablation procedure due to AF recurrence were evaluated. The locations of the PV reconnection sites were confirmed in electroanatomical maps. A 3D atrial wall thickness (AWT) map was created using computed tomography scan data. The AWT values of the ablation lines of the index procedure were graded in each segment of the PV antrum: grade 1, 0.5 < AWT ≤ 1.0 mm; grade 2, 1.0 < AWT ≤ 1.5 mm; grade 3, 1.5 < AWT ≤ 2.0 mm; grade 4, 2.0 < AWT ≤ 2.5 mm; grade 5, AWT > 2.5 mm.

Results

A total of 281 PV reconnection sites among 1256 segments of the PV antrum in 79 patients were detected. The average AWT grades were 2.7 ± 1.0 and 2.2 ± 1.0 in the reconnected and non-reconnected segments, respectively (P < 0.01). Higher AWT grades were observed in the reconnected superior segments of the left superior PV, carina and inferior segments of the left inferior PV, superior and posterior segments of the right superior PV, and posterior and inferior segments of the right inferior PV.

Conclusion

The reconnected segments of the PV antrum showed thicker myocardium than the non-reconnected ones in patients with recurrent AF after catheter ablation. A wall thickness map for PV isolation could be considered for customized ablation in order to reduce PV reconnection.
A clade of telosma mosaic virus from Thailand is undergoing geographical expansion and genetic differentiation in passionfruit of Vietnam and China
Authors: Yu Chaowei , Lian Qin , Lin Huihuang , Chen Lei , Lu Yizhong , Zhai Yingying , Han Xing , Du Zhenguo , Gao Fangluan , Wu Zujian
Published: October 2021

Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Several viruses of the genus Potyvirus pose serious threat to passion fruit production. The origin, dispersal and evolution of these potyviruses, however, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the genetic structure of telosma mosaic virus (TelMV), a potyvirus that infects passionfruit in East and Southeast Asia, after a survey of its incidence in passionfruit plants of China. The phylogeny inferred from 140 nucleotide sequences of the coat protein (CP) gene of TelMV, including 96 determined in this study, separated this virus into 4 clades. TelMV isolates from passionfruit were placed into Clade 1–3, while those from other plant species into Clade 4. Interestingly, TelMV isolates of passionfruit from Thailand were found in all the three clades of Clade 1–3, but those from China and Vietnam were found exclusively in Clade 1. Nevertheless, TelMV isolates within Clade 1 tended to cluster according to their geographical origin. Geographical populations from Thailand, Taiwan and Hainan islands of China showed significant genetic differences with one another and with those from Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Jiangsu provinces of China. Altogether, these data suggest that several distinct TelMV clades had arisen from the passionfruit of Thailand, but only one of which was dispersed. In expanding its distribution, this clade of TelMV has undergone geography-associated evolution. Further studies on this hypothesis may shed new insights into mechanisms underlying the emergence of potyviral diseases in passionfruit plants.
Anxiety and depression in the elderly due to COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study
Authors: Das Subhash , Arun Priti , Rohilla Ravi , Parashar Kantadorshi , Roy Aratrika
Published: October 2021

Background

The elderly are a vulnerable section of the population who are prone to physical, mental, social, and economic deprivation. The effect of COVID-19 had a worldwide impact on all age groups, with a particularly higher mortality and morbidity rate among the elderly population. The present study was undertaken to know about the psychological morbidity in the geriatric population during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was cross-sectional and was done through a telephonic survey. Eligible elderly subjects were contacted telephonically, and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale were administered. To evaluate the functional ability of elderly subjects, the Everyday Abilities Scale for India (EASI) scale was administered. For the telephonic survey, verbal consent was sought.

Results

A total of 92 elderly subjects were included. Male outnumbered the females with a ratio of 1.8:1. Spouse and children were primary caregivers in 83.7% of the subjects. 90.2% were married, and 66.3% had earned a graduate/professional level of education. Chronic illness was present in 50% of subjects. The most common co-morbidities were hypertension (27.2%) and diabetes (21.7%). The proportion of elderly with anxiety and depression was 8.7% and 15.2% respectively.

Conclusion

The elderly showed lower levels of anxiety and depression. Higher resilience among the elderly and good family support may be the reasons for such an unexpected finding. However, more studies are required to validate the findings of the current study.
Participatory eco-landscape design: the case of NRIAG eco-park in Helwan, Egypt
Authors: Okasha Alia Sameh , Mekkawy Asmaa Aly El
Published: October 2021

As cities get more crowded and polluted, eco-landscape design gains increasing attention. Open spaces play a vital role in healing the natural environment as well as the physical and mental health of the citizens. This paper presents an exploratory eco-park design project in Helwan, Egypt. The project focuses on the opportunity of integrating marginalised natural environments, such as Wadis (dry streams), with the urban fabric through Eco-landscape design. The current work explores the complex environment, characterised by detailed multidisciplinary data, which requires multi-layer analysis. The discussion evaluates the tremendous effect of integrating the participatory qualitative method with other analytical and digital tools, such as modelling and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to deduce scientific details and activities in the preliminary phases of zoning plans. This results in a constructive framework for merging these multi-methods and tools within the participatory eco-landscape design process. In addition, the conclusion highlights the peculiarity of the eco-landscape design and practice in the current Egyptian situation in a broad sense.
Adopting Consensus Terms for Testing in Precision Medicine
Authors: Martin Nikki A. , Tepper Joel E. , Giri Veda N. , Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Cheng Heather H. , Javle Milind M. , Konnick Eric Q.
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE

Despite the well-understood benefits of biomarker and genetic testing in precision medicine, uptake remains low, particularly for patients with low socioeconomic status and minority ethnic backgrounds. Patients report having limited familiarity with testing terminology and may not be able to accurately explain testing's role in treatment decisions. Patient confusion and lack of understanding is exacerbated by a multiplicity of overlapping terms used in communicating about testing. A LUNGevity Foundation–led working group composed of five professional societies, 23 patient advocacy groups, and 19 industry members assessed and recommended specific terms for communicating with patients on testing for tumor characteristics and germline mutations.

METHODS

Members completed a precision oncology testing framework analysis (biomarkers, germline variants, testing modalities, biospecimen, and commonly used testing terms) for nine solid tumors and blood cancers. The evaluation was segmented into terms that distinguish between somatic and germline testing. Additional data were captured in a comprehensive survey (1,650 respondents) led by FORCE (Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered) on patient preferences on germline testing terms.

RESULTS

Thirty-three terms were noted in patient education related to biomarker, genetic, and genomic testing. Biomarker testing was selected as the preferred term for testing for somatic (acquired) alterations and other biomarkers. Genetic testing for an inherited mutation and genetic testing for inherited cancer risk were selected as the preferred terms for testing for germline variants.

CONCLUSION

Democratizing comprehension about precision oncology testing through intentional use of plain language and common umbrella terminology by oncology health care providers and others in the oncology ecosystem may help improve understanding and communication, and facilitate shared decision making about the role of appropriate testing in treatment decisions and other aspects of oncology care.
Different Fumarate Hydratase Gene Variants Are Associated With Distinct Cancer Phenotypes
Authors: Kamihara Junne , Horton Carrie , Tian Yuan , Zhou Jing , Richardson Marcy , LaDuca Holly , Rana Huma Q.
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE

Whether individuals with monoallelic FH pathogenic variants (PVs) associated with autosomal recessive fumarate hydratase (FH) deficiency are also at risk of autosomal dominant FH-associated tumors is of paramount clinical importance.

METHODS

A retrospective study of individuals with a PV in the FH gene identified via multigene panel testing from 2012 to 2019 through a single testing laboratory was performed. Cancer histories of individuals with PVs in FH ( FH PV) were compared to those with PVs associated only with autosomal recessive FH deficiency (FH-d PV) and to FH-negative controls. Cancer histories of individuals with truncating versus nontruncating FH PV were also compared.

RESULTS

Individuals with FH PV were more likely to have kidney cancer than those with FH-d PV (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% CI, 4.4 to 20.0; P < .001) or FH-negative controls (odds ratio, 7.6; 95% CI, 5.2 to 11.2; P value < .001). The FH PV cohort had kidney cancer at a significantly younger age (median age: 35.0 years; interquartile range, 26.0-45.0 years) than the FH-d PV cohort (median age: 44.5 years; interquartile range, 43.5-53.5 years; P = .011). Within the FH PV cohort, there were no differences in the frequency or age at kidney cancer between those with truncating versus nontruncating PV.

CONCLUSION

Unlike FH PV, FH-d PV are not associated with kidney cancers at early ages of onset. The FH-d PV cohort had a cancer phenotype that resembled FH-negative controls. These data may inform genetic counseling and risk assessment of individuals with FH-d PV.
Neoplastic Etiology and Natural Course of Pituitary Stalk Thickening
Authors: Kim Dong Yeong , Kim Pyeong Hwa , Jung Ah Young , Choi Jin-Ho , Cho Young Ah , Yoon Hee Mang , Lee Jin Seong
Published: October 2021

Context

Pituitary stalk thickening (PST) is often identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), either incidentally or during diagnostic workup of hypopituitarism. However, the neoplastic etiology and natural course of PST are not fully understood, although this knowledge is required to establish diagnostic and surveillance strategies.

Objective

This work aimed to investigate the neoplastic etiology and natural course of PST.

Methods

MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to February 2021 to identify original research investigating the etiologies of PST. The proportion of neoplastic etiology in patients with PST was meta-analytically pooled. Supplementary analysis exploring factors suggesting neoplasm was also performed. For initially indeterminate cases without confirmed diagnosis, the proportion of patients showing progression of PST during follow-up was evaluated.

Results

Eighteen studies covering 1368 patients with PST were included. The pooled proportion of neoplasm was 45.2% (95% CI, 33.3%-57.8%), with substantial heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 93%). The most common neoplasm was germ cell tumor (14.0% of study population), followed by Langerhans cell histiocytosis (10.2%) and metastasis (4.7%). The studies on pediatric populations and those with more than 50% of patients having at least one pituitary hormone deficiency tended to show a higher proportion of neoplasm. The pituitary stalk was thicker in neoplasms, but the difference was not significant (pooled mean difference, 2.08 mm; P = .08). In initially indeterminate cases, 18.5% (95% CI, 7.6%-38.3%) showed progression of PST during follow-up.

Conclusion

PST was commonly confirmed to be neoplastic, especially in pediatric populations. As isolated PST frequently progresses, follow-up imaging is essential in initially indeterminate cases.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Workup and Etiology of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in a Cohort of 167 551 Patients Over 20 Years
Authors: Sheehan Michael T , Li Ya-Huei , Doi Suhail A , Onitilo Adedayo A
Published: October 2021

Context

Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) has not been studied in a fashion to determine all possible mechanisms of hypercalcemia in any given patient.

Objective

The 2 objectives were to assess the completeness of evaluation and to determine the distribution of etiologies of HCM in a contemporary cohort of patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of patients with cancer who developed hypercalcemia over 20 years at a single health system. Laboratory data were electronically captured from medical records to identify cases of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-independent hypercalcemia. The records were then manually reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of HCM, document the extent of evaluation, and determine underlying etiology(ies) of HCM in each patient.

Results

The initial data set included 167 551 adult patients with malignancy, of which 11 589 developed hypercalcemia. Of these, only a quarter (25.4%) had assessment of PTH with a third of the latter (30.9%) indicating PTH-independent hypercalcemia. Of those with PTH-independent hypercalcemia, a third (31.6%) had assessment of PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) and/or 1,25-dihydroxy (1,25-OH) vitamin D and constituted the 153 cases of HCM examined in this study. Eighty-three of these patients had an incomplete evaluation of their HCM. The distribution of etiologies of HCM was therefore determined from the remaining 70 patients who had assessment of all 3 possible etiologies (PTHrP, 1,25-OH vitamin D, and skeletal imaging) and was as follows: PTHrP, 27%; osteolytic metastases, 50%; and 1,25-OH vitamin D, 39%, with combinations of etiologies being common (approximately 20%).

Conclusion

HCM is incompletely evaluated in many patients. The distribution of etiologies of HCM in this report differs significantly from the previous literature, warranting further study to determine whether its causes have indeed changed over time.
Conflict Management Education for Anesthesiology Residents: Bridging the Gap in Interpersonal and Communication Skills Competency
Authors: Sinskey Jina L. , Chang Joyce M. , Thornton Kevin C. , Boscardin Christy K. , Sullivan Kristina R.
Published: October 2021

Effective communication and conflict management are important skills for anesthesiologists and are designated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) as elements of the “interpersonal and communication skill” competency (ACGME Anesthesiology Milestone Project 2020). However, structured conflict management education for anesthesiology residents remains limited. To address this gap, we developed and implemented a conflict management session incorporating didactics and application exercises using role-play and high-fidelity simulation (SIM) for anesthesiology residents (postgraduate years 3 and 4) at a tertiary academic medical institution. These sessions were well-received, and both role-play and SIM appear to help residents learn conflict management skills.
Managing risky assets – mitophagy in vivo
Authors: Narendra Derek P.
Published: October 2021

Mitochondria, which resemble their α-proteobacteria ancestors, are a major cellular asset, producing energy ‘on the cheap’ through oxidative phosphorylation. They are also a liability. Increased oxidative phosphorylation means increased oxidative stress, and damaged mitochondria incite inflammation through release of their bacteria-like macromolecules. Mitophagy (the selective macroautophagy of mitochondria) controls mitochondria quality and number to manage these risky assets. Parkin, BNIP3 and NIX were identified as being part of the first mitophagy pathways identified in mammals over a decade ago, with additional pathways, including that mediated by FUNDC1 reported more recently. Loss of Parkin or PINK1 function causes Parkinson's disease, highlighting the importance of mitophagy as a quality control mechanism in the brain. Additionally, mitophagy is induced in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, protects the heart and other organs against energy stress and lipotoxicity, regulates metabolism by controlling mitochondrial number in brown and beige fat, and clears mitochondria during terminal differentiation of glycolytic cells, such as red blood cells and neurons. Despite its importance in disease, mitophagy is likely dispensable under physiological conditions. This Review explores the in vivo roles of mitophagy in mammalian systems, focusing on the best studied examples – mitophagy in neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathy, metabolism, and red blood cell development – to draw out common themes.
A Robust Superhydrophobic Perfluoropolysiloxane and Self-doped Polyaniline/Epoxy Resin Composite Coating with Excellent Performance
Authors: Xu Haidong , Miao Congcong , Wang Luyao , Zhang Liang , Feng Huixia , Qiu Jianhui
Published: October 2021

A robust superhydrophobic perfluoropolysiloxane and self-doped polyaniline/epoxy resin composite coating (EPAN-RA-POS) was prepared. The structure is composed of the internal self-doped polyaniline/epoxy resin layer and the outer superhydrophobic perfluoropolysiloxane layer. The contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA) of EPAN-RA-POS are 165.0° ± 1.5 and 1.2° ± 0.7, respectively, the protection efficiency and immersion durability of EPAN-RA-POS reach 99.99% and 408 h, the superhydrophobicity is only lost after 330 peeling experiments.
Trans-lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound with sentinel lymph node biopsy for detecting cervical skip metastasis to lymph nodes in early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Jian , Wu Song-song , Zheng Song , Gao Hong , Wu Zhi-yuan , Xu Jun-wu
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to assess whether trans-lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy can be used to assess the status of cervical lymph nodes and skip metastasis in patients with early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue.

Methods:

This study included 21 subjects with early oral tongue SCC who received multiple intramucosal peritumoral injections of Sonazoid. CEUS examinations were performed immediately after Sonazoid injection to identify sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). The SLNs were excised for histological examination to determine if the lymph nodes has metastases.

Results:

Thirty-five SLNs were detected by CEUS after Sonazoid injection in the subjects. SLNs were identified in 20 of the total 21 subjects. Four participants had metastasis to lymph nodes, and one had skip metastasis in level Ⅲ. In one subject, SLNs were successfully detected in level Ⅳ without skip metastasis.

Conclusions:

Trans-lymphatic CEUS combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy showed high accuracy for evaluating cervical lymph node status. This could be a reliable approach for detecting cervical skip metastases of lymph nodes in early-stage oral cancer patients.
Συγκριτική επισκόπηση της νομολογίας των δικαστηρίων των ΗΠΑ, της Κίνας, της Ελβετίας και της Γαλλίας ως προς την αναγνώριση και εκτέλεση αλλοδαπών διαιτητικών αποφάσεων, στο πλαίσιο της Σύμβασης της Νέας Υόρκης
Authors: Λιακοπούλου Ανδρονίκη
Published: October 2021

Η Σύμβαση της Νέας Υόρκης του 1958 για την αναγνώριση και εκτέλεση αλλοδαπών διαιτητικών αποφάσεων συνιστά ένα από τα σημαντικότερα νομοθετήματα στο χώρο της διεθνούς εμπορικής διαιτησίας. Η μεγάλη της αξία έγκειται στη διασφάλιση ομοιόμορφων κανόνων που διέπουν το κύρος της διαιτητικής συμφωνίας και προϋποθέσεων για την αναγνώριση και εκτέλεση αλλοδαπών διαιτητικών αποφάσεων. Παρά την ομοιομορφία των κανόνων που καθιερώνει, το γράμμα της επιτρέπει διαφορετικές ερμηνευτικές προσεγγίσεις από τα εθνικά δικαστήρια των κρατών που την έχουν κυρώσει, όπως αυτές αποτυπώνονται στη διεθνή νομολογία.Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η συγκριτική επισκόπηση της νομολογίας των δικαστηρίων των ΗΠΑ, της Κίνας, της Ελβετίας και της Γαλλίας, ως προς τους λόγους απόρριψης αιτήσεων αναγνώρισης και εκτέλεσης αλλοδαπών διαιτητικών αποφάσεων, οι οποίοι προβλέπονται στο άρθρο V της Σύμβασης της Νέας Υόρκης. Επελέγησαν οι συγκεκριμένες χώρες με κριτήριο, αφ' ενός τη μακρά εμπειρία τους σε θέματα διεθνούς εμπορικής διαιτησίας λόγω και της ύπαρξης στο έδαφός τους δημοφιλών κέντρων διαιτησίας και, αφ’ ετέρου, τη δραστηριοποίηση σε αυτές μεγάλων εμπορικών εταιρειών, εγχωρίων και διεθνών. Εξετάζονται οι σημαντικότερες αποφάσεις των δικαστηρίων καθεμιάς από τις τέσσερις εν λόγω χώρες, με έμφαση σε εκείνες που διαμόρφωσαν συγκεκριμένες τάσεις στη νομολογία, σε εκείνες που αναδεικνύουν ιδιαιτερότητες και ευαισθησίες των εθνικών εννόμων τάξεων και, τέλος, σε αυτές, των οποίων η προσέγγιση έχει προστιθέμενη αξία στην εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων ως προς τις ευνοϊκές προς τη διαιτησία ερμηνείες και πρακτικές.Η παρουσίαση γίνεται σε ξεχωριστό κεφάλαιο ανά χώρα και η ανάλυση σε κάθε κεφάλαιο διαρθρώνεται ανά λόγο απόρριψης αίτησης αναγνώρισης και εκτέλεσης του άρθρου V της Σύμβασης. Στο τέλος κάθε κεφαλαίου παρατίθενται συνοπτικά συμπεράσματα. Της εξέτασης της νομολογίας των ως άνω χωρών, προηγείται παρουσίαση των γενικών αρχών που διέπουν τη Σύμβαση της Νέας Υόρκης. Στόχος της μελέτης είναι η απόκτηση πλήρους εικόνας σχετικά με τον τρόπο αντιμετώπισης των εθνικών δικαστηρίων των εν λόγω κρατών ως προς την ερμηνεία των λόγων απόρριψης αναγνώρισης και εκτέλεσης αλλοδαπών διαιτητικών αποφάσεων του άρθρου V της Σύμβασης, ο εντοπισμός κοινών στοιχείων και διαφορών και κυρίως, η ανάλυση των προσεγγίσεων εκείνων, οι οποίες μπορούν να προσφέρουν εργαλεία για ομοιόμορφη, ευνοϊκή προς τη διαιτησία ερμηνεία.
LEER LO QUE FALTA: INQUIETUDES HISTORIOGRÁFICAS A PROPÓSITO DE LA LECTURA DE DOS DOCUMENTOS EN TORNO A LA SUPRESIÓN DEL REPARTIMIENTO DE MERCANCÍAS EN EL CENTRO Y SUR DE VERACRUZ, 1786- 1790
Authors: Alcántara Álvaro
Published: October 2021

El ensayo propone reflexionar sobre las posibilidades de lectura que ofrecen las fuentes históricas a partir de la revisión de dos comunicaciones en torno al reparto de mercancías y la prohibición que de ellas hizo la ordenanza de intendentes de 1786. El primer documento estudiado es un informe del intendente de Veracruz y, el segundo una petición de los comerciantes de Cosamaloapan., ambos de 1790. Como trasfondo de este debate se encuentran los intentos de la élite comercial de la ciudad y puerto de Veracruz por participar de la bonanza comercial del algodón, para lo cual era preciso disponer de tierras de cultivo, hasta ese momento en poder de familias de latifundistas.
“A MAYOR CULTO DE NUESTRA SEÑORA DE CONSOLACIÓN DE UTRERA”. LAS CELEBRACIONES DE LA COFRADÍA DE INDIOS DEL CONVENTO LIMEÑO DE LA MERCED EN LOS SIGLOS XVII Y XVIII
Authors: Jiménez Jiménez Ismael
Published: October 2021

Fundada a finales del siglo XVI por la donación de dos iconos marianos, la cofradía de indígenas de Santa María de Consolación de Utrera se asentó en el convento de la Merced de Lima. Desde entonces los naturales desarrollaron en este templo una amplia serie de cultos con la aprobación de los frailes. Sin embargo, hasta mediados del siglo XVIII no tenemos constancia documental de que todos estos actos litúrgicos y festividades fuesen reguladas mediante unas constituciones. Esta organización fijaba todos los cultos en el calendario anual y estipulaba el coste de cada una de ellas, revelando así su gradación. Analizar estas celebraciones, su importancia en la vida de esta cofradía de indígenas y comprobar financieramente que se llevaron a cabo, es el propósito te este trabajo.
Caracterización y factores de riesgo de caídas en un hospital de alta complejidad de Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Rodríguez Ibagué Luis Fernando , Gallego Ardila Andres Daniel , Quiroga Ardila Yudy Jazmín , Molina Eslava Helga Idaly
Published: October 2021

Introducción

Las caídas intrahospitalarias están dentro de las prioridades nacionales e internacionales en cuanto a calidad asistencial. Aunque se reconocen elementos intrínsecos y extrínsecos al paciente con la presencia de caídas, en Colombia existe poca evidencia al respecto. El objetivo es caracterizar las caídas de pacientes ocurridas entre el 2013 y 2016, y sus factores asociados en un hospital de alta complejidad de Bogotá, Colombia.

Materiales y métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo basado en el registro de caídas que ocurrieron en el periodo de análisis en un hospital de alta complejidad de Bogotá, Colombia. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y análisis de regresión logística binaria.

Resultados

De 951 caídas que ocurrieron entre el 2013 y 2016, el 63,1% se clasificaron como eventos adversos. Según la gravedad, el 54,2% fueron “moderados” y “severos”. De la muestra de pacientes, el 53,0% fueron hombres, el 65,5% tenía 65 o más años (mediana=71 años, mínimo=16 años, máximo=98 años), el 23,2% tenían enfermedad del sistema circulatorio. Se asoció con un mayor riesgo para una caída que culmina en evento adverso: ser mujer (IC95%OR=1,08–1,87), el turno laboral noche (IC95%=1,09-2,03) y las especialidades clínicas (IC95%=1,36-4,84) y quirúrgicas (IC95%=1,14-4,46).

Conclusión

Las caídas de pacientes son un evento adverso importante de intervenir en las instituciones hospitalarias. Se identificaron elementos intrínsecos, principalmente la edad, y extrínsecos, el turno laboral y la especialidad médica, relacionados con la probabilidad de generar un daño en el paciente ante una caída.
On the Exact Solution of Prize-Collecting Steiner Tree Problems
Authors: Rehfeldt Daniel , Koch Thorsten
Published: October 2021

The prize-collecting Steiner tree problem (PCSTP) is a well-known generalization of the classic Steiner tree problem in graphs, with a large number of practical applications. It attracted particular interest during the 11th DIMACS Challenge in 2014, and since then, several PCSTP solvers have been introduced in the literature. Although these new solvers further, and often drastically, improved on the results of the DIMACS Challenge, many PCSTP benchmark instances have remained unsolved. The following article describes further advances in the state of the art in exact PCSTP solving. It introduces new techniques and algorithms for PCSTP, involving various new transformations (or reductions) of PCSTP instances to equivalent problems, for example, to decrease the problem size or to obtain a better integer programming formulation. Several of the new techniques and algorithms provably dominate previous approaches. Further theoretical properties of the new components, such as their complexity, are discussed. Also, new complexity results for the exact solution of PCSTP and related problems are described, which form the base of the algorithm design. Finally, the new developments also translate into a strong computational performance: the resulting exact PCSTP solver outperforms all previous approaches, both in terms of runtime and solvability. In particular, it solves several formerly intractable benchmark instances from the 11th DIMACS Challenge to optimality. Moreover, several recently introduced large-scale instances with up to 10 million edges, previously considered to be too large for any exact approach, can now be solved to optimality in less than two hours.

Summary of Contribution: The prize-collecting Steiner tree problem (PCSTP) is a well-known generalization of the classic Steiner tree problem in graphs, with many practical applications. The article introduces and analyses new techniques and algorithms for PCSTP that ultimately aim for improved (practical) exact solution. The algorithmic developments are underpinned by results on theoretical aspects, such as fixed-parameter tractability of PCSTP. Computationally, we considerably push the limits of tractibility, being able to solve PCSTP instances with up to 10 million edges. The new solver, which also considerably outperforms the state of the art on smaller instances, will be made publicly available as part of the SCIP Optimization Suite.
Product Selling vs. Pay-Per-Use Service: A Strategic Analysis of Competing Business Models
Authors: Ladas Konstantinos , Kavadias Stylianos , Loch Christoph
Published: October 2021

We present a model that suggests possible explanations for the observed proliferation of “pay-per-use” (PPU) business models over the last two decades. Delivering “fractions” of a product as a service offers a cost advantage to customers with lower usage but requires extra delivery costs. Previous research focused on information goods (with negligible production costs) and predicted that PPU, when arising as a differentiation to selling in equilibrium, would fundamentally achieve lower profits than selling. We extend the theory by covering goods with any production cost in duopolistic competition. We show that PPU business models can be more profitable than selling (especially at midrange production costs), as long as their delivery costs are not too high, a requirement that is more easily fulfilled as new technologies reduce these costs. Moreover, if firms are imperfectly informed about their customers’ usage profiles, PPU’s effective pricing of customers’ varying usage offers an additional advantage over selling. This requires companies to employ accounting methods that do not inappropriately allocate production costs over stochastic usage levels. If PPU service provision suffers from queueing inefficiencies, this does not fundamentally change the relative profitability of the PPU and selling models, provided that PPU providers can attract sufficiently high demand to benefit from pooling economies.

This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Recurrent Haemoptysis Revealing Hughes-Stovin Syndrome
Authors: Moussa Nedia , Znegui Tasnim , Snoussi Mouna , Gargouri Rahma , Bahloul Zouhaier , Abid Sourour , Kammoun Samy
Published: October 2021

Hughes-Stovin syndrome is a very rare condition with no defined diagnostic criteria. We present the case of a 26-year-old man who had haemoptysis revealing Hughes-Stovin syndrome. We will consider the aetiology, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this disease.
An Unusual Case of Acute Dyspnoea: Acute Intrathoracic Gastric Volvulus with Probable Tension Gastrothorax
Authors: Masabarakiza Jean Bosco , Zhu Lingna , Gorur Yilmaz , Cardos Benoît , Lorenzo-Villalba Noel , Ali Deeba , Andriollo Lena
Published: October 2021

Acute gastric volvulus is a rare complication affecting 4% of hiatal hernias. It is described as an abnormal rotation of the stomach around a transverse or longitudinal axis and can be intra-abdominal or intrathoracic. Intrathoracic gastric volvulus can lead to tension gastrothorax, which is defined as the presence of a massive gastric distension in the chest cavity causing a mediastinal shift with haemodynamic instability and a risk of cardiorespiratory arrest. We report a case of intrathoracic gastric volvulus with probable tension gastrothorax. Early diagnosis of gastrothorax with computed tomography and immediate insertion of a nasogastric tube resulted in rapid clinical improvement. Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice.
How silence facilitates verbal participation
Authors: Thanh-My Nguyen , Bao Dat
Published: October 2021

The article reports a qualitative-quantitative case study of 239 Vietnamese university students’ perspectives on the effects of their silence on the formulation and quality of their talk. It presents participants’ voices with regards to whether and how their silent thinking influences verbal communication in the English language classroom and discusses the dynamics of productive learning strategies that would benefit the quality of speech. Data from an open-ended questionnaire reveal insights into students’ silent and verbal learning with a focus on the logical relationship between the two modes. Three findings coming out of this project include different nuances of the silent learning behaviour, the frequency of success in producing speech after mental processing practice, and a range of practical strategies that helps turn thoughts into verbal output. The study unpacks the importance of silence as autonomous learning and proposes relevant classroom activities for more rewarding outcomes.
Salt, blood pressure and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Winter George
Published: October 2021

George Winter examines several papers that discuss salt intake and their sometimes damaging influence on healthcare, as well as breaking down conversations that still surround salt-related controversies
Anaemia in primary care: iron deficiency and anaemia of chronic disease
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: October 2021

This article will look at iron defciency anaemia and anaemia of chronic disease. Both are problems encountered frequently at a global scale and in the primary care setting. Both conditions can potentially affect any age, although anaemia of chronic disease is more common among older adults. It is hoped that the information provided will give general practice nurses and nurse prescribers greater confidence in the recognition, diagnosis, and management of these conditions, to improve patient care.
Modified Mixed Exponentially Weighted Moving Average-Cumulative Sum Control Charts for Autocorrelated Process
Authors: Tyagi Dushyant , Yadav Vipin
Published: October 2021

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is an efficient methodology for monitoring, managing, analysing and recuperating process performance. Implementation of SPC in industries results in biggest benefits, as enhanced quality products and reduced process variation. While dealing with the theory of control chart we generally move with the assumption of independent process observation. But in practice usually, for most of the processes the observations are autocorrelated which degrades the ability of control chart application. The loss caused by autocorrelation can be obliterated by making modifications in the traditional control charts. The article presented here refers to a combination of EWMA and CUSUM charting techniques supplementing modifications in the control limits. The performance of the referred scheme is measured by comparing average run length (ARL) with existing control charts. Also, the referred scheme is found reasonably well for detecting particularly smaller displacements in the process.
Controllable ablative machining of Al/Ti and Ti/Al nano-layers on a Si substrate by single-pulse femtosecond laser irradiation
Authors: Gaković B. , Kudryashov S. I. , Danilov P. A. , Milovanović D. , Panjan P. , Bezhanov S. G. , Uryupin S. A. , Ionin A. A.
Published: October 2021

Results concerning the controllable ablation of nano-layered thin films (NLTF) by femtosecond laser pulses are presented. Investigated samples were titanium-aluminum bilayers, deposited on a silicon substrate, with the top titanium or aluminum layer of variable thickness on the surface. Irradiation was done in ambient air with single femtosecond laser pulses under standard laboratory conditions. The samples were analyzed by complementary methods of optical and scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry, exhibiting laser-fluence-dependent ablative removal either of the top layer or the entire bilayer or even partial ablation of the underlying silicon substrate. The removal (spallation) threshold fluences for the topmost layer are scalable versus its thickness almost irrespectively of its material, being rather selective for the Ti-coated samples and much less selective for the Al-coated samples. The removal of the entire bilayers was found to be strongly influenced by electronic properties of the underlying metallic layer, dictating the NLTF-Si adhesion, heat conduction, and capacity in the NLTFs toward the NLTF-Si interface and beyond, as well as by their thermophysical characteristics, e.g.,  almost twice higher melting temperature and enthalpy for Ti. As a result, precise fs-laser machining of the entire NLTFs is pronounced and selective for the samples with the fusible Al at the low-adhesion Al-Si interfaces, compared with the incomplete NLTF removal from the high-adhesion and refractory Ti-Si interfaces.
Optimization of a DIY parallel-optical-axes profilometer for compensation of fringe divergence
Authors: Rayas J. A. , Dávila A.
Published: October 2021

In profilometry systems, the conventional optical configuration of fringe projection with the oblique projection and camera axis perpendicular to the field of view requires complicated calculus and exact ray trace designs to get the 3D shape under question accurately. Moreover, when the optical components of the camera and projector and their internal placement are unknown, as is the case with commercial digital video projectors, the correct alignment of these components is uncertain, needing complex methods of calibration to correct the measured shape. In this work, we re-introduce a parallel-optical-axes configuration for a DIY profilometer that simplifies the calibration by a simple trigonometric relationship obtaining the topography with a resolution and accuracy similar to conventional arrangements that require non-simple relationships among phase and height. Furthermore, an experimental method is presented to locate the divergence point within the projector, which allows optimizing the projection and observation distances. The proposed calibration procedure allows proper compensation for the apparent scale change caused by perspective. The performance of the proposed method is tested in an optimized configuration and a non-optimized one, comparing the measurements with a Coordinate-measuring machine. The optimized optical system using simple spatial phase unwrapping shows an improved RMS error of

53

µ

m

versus

203

µ

m

of the non-optimized.
Calibration of a polarization image sensor and investigation of influencing factors
Authors: Lane Connor , Rode David , Rösgen Thomas
Published: October 2021

Polarization measurements conducted with a polarization camera using the Sony IMX 250 MZR polarization image sensor are assessed with the super-pixel calibration technique and a simple test setup. We define an error that quantifies the quality of the polarization measurements. Multiple factors influencing the measurement quality of the polarization camera are investigated and discussed. We demonstrate that polarization measurements are generally consistent throughout the sensor if not corrupted by large chief ray angles or large angles of incidence. The central

600

×

400

p
i
x
e
l
s

were analyzed, and it is shown that sufficiently large

f

-numbers no longer influence measurement quality. We also argue that lens design and focal length have little influence on these central pixels. The findings of this study provide useful guidance for researchers using such a polarization image sensor.
Modification of surface morphology of hydrogels due to subsurface femtosecond laser micromachining
Authors: Wu Yiyang , Xu Jing , Ding Peisheng , Knox Wayne H.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we studied the effects of subsurface femtosecond laser micromachining on surface morphology in hydrogels. Depending on material properties and writing conditions, we found surface bumps when materials were hydrated, and trenches when they were dehydrated, which can be attributed to the localized change in water concentration. Such wavy surfaces by laser-induced refractive index change are not desirable in clinical contact lenses. Therefore, the minimization of surface bumps is necessary to ensure the user eye wearing comfort. In addition, we examined the optical effects of the surface features using interferometry and the surface morphology using profilometry. Finally, we proposed a simplified mechanical model based on localized swelling.
Laser induced forward transfer isolating complex-shaped cell by beam shaping
Authors: Liang Peng , Shang Lindong , Wang Yuntong , Booth Martin J. , Li Bei
Published: October 2021

Beam shaping techniques have been widely used in holographic optical tweezers to accurately manipulate tiny particles and hologram optimization algorithms have also been widely reported to improve the optical trapping performance. In this paper, we presented a beam shaping laser induced forward transfer (BS-LIFT) technique to isolate complex-shaped cells. To do this, we built up a BS-LIFT instrument which combined beam shaping methods and laser induced forward transfer using liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator. The laser beam was modulated into multiple desired points at the focal plane employing the Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm. Feasibility was verified through transferring various samples. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of BS-LIFT applied to the transfer complex-shaped cells. We successfully transferred cells whose size ranged from 1 µm to 100 µm. Our design will provide a novel approach for the application of this beam shaping technique and the isolation of single cells with variable shapes.
Stochastic systems: tutorial
Authors: McKinstrie C. J. , Stirling T. J. , Helmy A. S.
Published: October 2021

In this tutorial, three examples of stochastic systems are considered: a strongly damped oscillator, a weakly damped oscillator and an undamped oscillator (integrator) driven by noise. The evolution of these systems is characterized by the temporal correlation functions and spectral densities of their displacements, which are determined and discussed. Damped oscillators reach steady stochastic states. Their correlations are decreasing functions of the difference between the sample times, and their spectra have peaks near their resonance frequencies. An undamped oscillator never reaches a steady state. Its energy increases with time, and its spectrum is sharply peaked at low frequencies. The required mathematical methods and physical concepts are explained on a just-in-time basis, and some theoretical pitfalls are mentioned. The insights one gains from studies of oscillators can be applied to a wide variety of physical systems, such as atom and semiconductor lasers, which will be discussed in a subsequent tutorial.
Detection of binocular chromatic fusion limit for opposite colors
Authors: Xiong Qi , Liu Hui , Chen Zaiqing , Tai Yonghang , Shi Junsheng , Liu Wuming
Published: October 2021

When the input colors of the left and right eyes are different from one another, binocular rivalry may occur. According to Hering theory, opponent colors would have the most significant tendency for rivalry. However, binocular color fusion still occurs under the condition that each eye's opponent chromatic responses do not exceed a specific chromatic fusion limit (CFL). This paper detects the binocular chromatic fusion limit for opposite colors within a conventional 3D display color gamut. We conducted a psychophysical experiment to quantitatively measure the binocular chromatic fusion limit on four opposite color directions in the CIELAB color space. Due to color inconsistency between eyes may affect the binocular color fusion, the experiment was divided into two sessions by swapping stimulation colors of left and right eyes. There were 5 subjects and they each experienced 320 trials. By analyzing the results, we used ellipses to quantify the chromatic fusion limits for opposing colors. The average semi-major axis of the ellipses is 27.55

Δ

E

a
b

∗

, and the average semi-minor axis is 16.98

Δ

E

a
b

∗

. We observed that the chromatic fusion limit varies with the opposite color direction: the CFL on RedBlue-GreenYellow direction is greater than that on Red-Green direction, the latter being greater than that on Yellow-Blue direction and the CFL on RedYellow-GreenBlue direction is smallest. Furthermore, we suggested that the chromatic fusion limit is independent of the distribution of cells, and there is no significant change in the fusion ellipse boundaries after swapping left and right eye colors.
A fully digital MIMO-OFDM scheme for fading mitigation in coherent Δϕ-OTDR
Authors: Guerrier Sterenn , Dorize Christian , Awwad Elie , Renaudier Jérémie
Published: October 2021

We introduce a coherent-MIMO Δϕ-OTDR based sensing technique that uses digital frequency division multiplexing of probing codes in order to mitigate the coherent fading issue in Δϕ-OTDR. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used to probe the optical channel on several electrical subcarriers, and their responses are then combined according to specific reliability criterion to enhance the overall sensing sensitivity. This allows for a decrease of the noise floor in sensing measurements on standard single mode fiber (SSMF) and the mitigation of false alarms. Coherent MIMO-OFDM enables sensing over telecom fibers with a measured sensitivity level below

21

p
ε

/

H
z

along 1.3km fiber over a mechanical bandwidth of 760Hz. Enhancements in the dynamic range for detection of mechanical excitation are presented with a gain over 18dB as compared to single-carrier probing.
Splicing exponential point spread function design for localization of nanoparticles
Authors: Li Hangfeng , Wang Famin , Miao Xin , Huang Wei , Cheng Yu , Xiao Yun , Wei Tongda , Zhang Yunhai
Published: October 2021

We propose a point spread function for three-dimensional localization of nanoparticles. The axial detection range of the point spread function can be simply changed by adjusting the design parameters. In addition, the spatial extent of the point spread function can also be changed by adjusting the design parameters, which is an advantage other point spread functions do not have. We used our point spread functions and the existing point spread functions for dense multi-particle imaging, which proved the advantage that the point spread function with a smaller spatial extent we designed can effectively reduce the overlap between the point spread functions. The three-dimensional process of the fluorescent microsphere penetrating HT-22 cell membrane was successfully recorded, which verified the effectiveness of this method.
Energy scaling of an erbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser oscillator
Authors: Zhdanov I. S. , Bednyakova A. E. , Volosi V. M. , Kharenko D. S.
Published: October 2021

We investigate a promising approach to the energy scaling of mode-locked erbium fiber lasers. It consists in a special cavity design, comprised of a really long polarization maintaining (PM) part and a short non-PM part. Two separate fiber parts ensure the principle of space division for highly chirped dissipative soliton formation and NPE-based self-amplitude modulation effects. As a result, the pulse energy was increased up to 4 nJ with an estimated transform-limited pulse duration of 150 fs. It was also found that further energy scaling is limited by transition to a noise-like pulse generation regime. Numerical simulations revealed that this transition is associated with a contrast of the employed spectral filter and the amplifier noise level, which agrees well with the experiment.