bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSAINGAN CHINA-AUSTRALIA DALAM PEREBUTAN PENGARUH DI KAWASAN PASIFIK
Authors: Hariri Siti Nadjiha
Published: December 2021

The rise of China in the Pacific region is a threat to Australia as a traditional actor who has an important influence and role in the region. The rise of China pushed Australia to increase its role in the region. The Australian Government responded by channeling funds to Pacific countries to build infrastructure, a step taken by the Australian government is considered to counteract China's influence in the Pacific. With a series of major investment funds and development assistance projects, Australia and China are trying to compete with each other to create a network of their power and influence in the Pacific countries. This journal discusses the role of China-Australia in the competition for influence in the Pacific Region, using qualitative methods aimed at describing and analyzing a phenomenon systematically. This method will explain how China's role in the Pacific region increases and Australia's response as one of the traditional actors in the region. The discussion in this journal is the influence of Australia in the Pacific, the increasing role of China and Australia's response to China's rise in the Pacific Region.

Keywords: Australia, China, Pacific Islands

Abstrak

Kebangkitan Cina di kawasan Pasifik menjadi khusus bagi Australia sebagai aktor tradisional yang memiliki kepentingan dan peran penting dikawasan. Kebangkitan China mendorong Australia untuk meningkatkan kembali perannya dikawasan. Pemerintah Australia merespons dengan akan menyalurkan dana ke negara-negara Pasifik untuk membangun infrastruktur, langkah yang diambil oleh pemerintah Australia ini guna untuk menangkal pengaruh Cina di Pasifik. Dengan bantuan dana investasi utama dan proyek-proyek bantuan pembangunan, Australia dan Cina berusaha saling berlomba-lomba untuk menciptakan jaringan koordinasi dan memfasilitasi mereka di negara-negara Pasifik. Jurnal ini membahas tentang Peran Cina-Australia dalam Persaingan pengaruh di Kawasan Pasifik, dengan mengunakan metode kualitatif yang membahas dan menganalisa fenomena yang sistematis. Metode ini akan menjelaskan cara meningkatkan peran Cina dikawasan Pasifik serta respons Australia sebagai salah satu aktor tradisional di kawasan. Terkait pembahasan dalam jurnal ini yaitu Australia di Pasifik, Peran Cina juga respons Australia terhadap China di Kawasan Pasifik.

Kata Kunci: Australia, China, Kepulauan Pasifik
Political Economy Analysis of The Rising of South Korean Property Industry:
Authors: Mulyaman Darynaufal , Purwatama Prima Mega
Published: December 2021

Korea is a country that once full of doubts. As time goes by, every sector from Korea are turns out to be huge achievements of the Korean people. Korean pop culture for instance, becomes a crucial driver for Korean economy. Not only Korean pop culture, recently property investor from Korea also becomes a big player in the US, and moreover in the global stage. New study also tells that Korea as global property industry player could exceed China as China’s economy slowing down. Therefore, question how can South Korea's property industry sectors thrive overseas, such as in the U.S.? Arises. This paper would explain the factors behind South Korean property industry performance in US, including push and pull factors through a scope of global capital movement paradigm. Meaningful government supports, big possibilities, and a good investment climate for South Korean property industry plus the right global demands could be some factors behind the rising of South Korean property industry, especially in the US
COVID-19 Infection and Myocardial Infarction Pathophysiology and Therapy
Authors: Raja Singh Gill Manraj , Ambrose John
Published: December 2021

The relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease has been of interest since the beginning of the pandemic, with the focus more recently shifting towards thrombotic complications, including myocardial infarction (MI). While the inflammatory burden of infection has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of MI, at least early in the pandemic, many hospitals were seeing fewer ST-elevation MI admissions and the delivery of acute coronary syndrome care was disrupted in multiple ways. Furthermore, patients presenting with both COVID-19 infection and MI have been noted in small studies to have unique characteristics that pose clinical challenges, and there is reason to believe that standard therapy for both the prevention and treatment of all thrombotic events, including MI, may not be adequate. The aim of this article is to review the data regarding MI and other thrombotic events during the pandemic, to explore the link between inflammation and thrombosis, and to suggest possible novel therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19.
Stem Cell Therapies: A Review of Current Therapeutic Approach for Inflammation-Associated Sigmoid Colon Diseases
Authors: Menassa Natalie , Destouni Maria , Katafygiotis Patroklos
Published: December 2021

Chronic inflammation is the single major contributor to the pathogenesis of sigmoid colon inflammatory diseases such as segmental colitis associated disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Existing conventional anti-inflammatory treatments have not proven to be a sufficient long-term solution for management of symptoms due to the immunosuppressive nature of these agents. Stem cell (SC) transplantation is a novel approach to treatment that could improve the prognosis of IBD patients in the long term by preventing inflammation, restoring defective immune balance, and promoting mucosal healing. Multiple studies have shown that bone marrow SC, mesenchymal SC (MSC), and most recently intestinal SC (ISC) have had marked success in improving immune functionality in cases of IBD. Effects of bone marrow SC did not show the kind of longevity that researchers initially anticipated, leading them to instead pursue thorough study of MSC. The tolerogenic effects of MSC have proven them to be a key player in the development of SC therapy; however, their exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully characterised. Due to existing discrepancies in the data detailing the association between MSC and colorectal cancer risk, ISC have since become of interest with the intention of finding a more reliable alternative source of SC. Preliminary studies have shown that ISC may be capable of achieving the same immunomodulatory effects as MSC but with reduced colorectal cancer risk, suggesting them to be the most promising new method of treating inflammatory-based sigmoid colon diseases under study thus far.
Cachexia in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers: Contributing Factors, Prevention, and Current Management Approaches
Authors: Grundmann Oliver , Yoon Saunjoo L. , Williams Joseph J.
Published: December 2021

Cancer cachexia is highly prevalent among patients with the advanced stage of cancers and leads to a higher risk of mortality. Delayed management of cachexia results in suboptimal treatment outcomes and irreversible progression to refractory cachexia. The purpose of this review is to provide the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia, emerging diagnostic criteria with potential biomarkers, prevention strategies, and novel treatment approaches. Cachexia is characterised by the presence of an inflammatory process in conjunction with muscle mass and unintentional body weight loss. Various biomarkers such as leptin, ghrelin, TNFα, essential amino acids, total amino acids, and C-reactive protein are indicative of cachexia. Increased circulating levels of β-dystroglycan, myosin heavy-chain, and dystrophin are indicators of shortened survival time as skeletal muscle tissues break down. Despite muscle wasting being a hallmark of cachexia, recommended cachexia management is limited to nutritional counselling and administration of an appetite stimulant and corticosteroids for a short period, which often fail to reverse cancer cachexia. It is critical to monitor weight loss using the cachexia grading system for early detection, to halt progression to refractory cachexia and improve the survival of patients with cancer cachexia.
Know Thine Enemy: Viral Genome Sequencing in Outbreaks
Authors: Colvin Katherine
Published: December 2021

CONTAINING a viral outbreak with public health measures firstly requires identification of the causative virus, followed by more detailed understanding of viral features. Genomic sequencing provides exhaustive insight into viral features that may help predict outbreak behaviours, assist in diagnosis and tracking, and shape treatment and vaccination strategies. When coupled with epidemiologic study of outbreak data, viral genomic sequencing can be used to direct public health measures and increase the speed of understanding compared to epidemiology alone.

Community spread of cases can be used to guide mathematic models and contact tracing of viral outbreaks for public health response. However, epidemiologic data alone better suits responses to low-prevalence and less-widespread outbreaks. Where pathogens have a longer latency period or spread affects rural and remote communities, features of the virus itself must be considered in determining the response. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, identified using molecular biology tools, can clarify the type and strain of a virus responsible for an outbreak, and inform and improve case diagnosis, treatment options, and vaccine development, as well as improve tracing accuracy.1
Comparative characteristics of metabolites from various cyanobacteria biofilms
Authors: Rodina Oksana A. , Sazanova Katerina V. , Vlasov Dmitry Yu.
Published: December 2021

Cyanobacterial communities collected from the Ruskeala marble in the territory of Ruskeala quarry and granite-rapakivi from quarries of Southern Finland are compared. Two types of cyanobacterial biofilms were characterized by external features, diversity, and composition of metabolites. Identification of cyanobacteria was carried out according to morphological characters. In total, forty-nine cyanobacteria taxa belonging to four orders, fifteen families, twenty-two genera were revealed. Of these, forty-one taxa were identified on granite outcrops, and eighteen taxa on marble substrate. A complete list of cyanobacterial species in decreasing order of occurrence is presented in the text. Calothrix parietina is defined as the dominant of the first type biofilm on marble, Gloeocapsa atrata on granite. For the second type of biofilms, a greater abundance of Gloecapsopsis magma was noted, and a variety of cyanobacteria from the genus Gloeocapsa (6 taxa) on both types of substrate. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the first type of biofilm contains mono-, di- and trisaccharides and amino acids in high concentrations, and the second type is characterized by a clear dominance of sugar alcohols. In general, biofilms of the second type on marble and granite are more similar in composition to metabolites than biofilms of the first type. The role of cyanobacterial biofilms in the biodegradation of stony substrates is discussed. It was noted that in biofilms of the first type there is less malic and oxalic acid on marble than on granite, which is most likely due to the binding of these metabolites to calcium, which is part of the substrate.
Phytoplankton succession of the Valaam archipelago lakes
Authors: Voyakina Ekaterina Ju.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents long-term material on the succession of phytoplankton collected on the lakes of the Valaam archipelago. The work was carried out on 11 lakes about Valaam archipelago, maintaining a natural mode of functioning. The lakes differed in the shape of the basin, depth, and features of the hydrochemical regime. Phytoplankton samples were taken once a month from May to October 1998–2019. In parallel with sampling, studies of the main limnological parameters were carried out. For lakes, a wide range of limnological parameters was revealed, such as transparency (0,3–4,6 m), active reaction of the environment (4,0–8,6), water color (27–296о according to Pt-Co scale), the content of total organic matter (10,8–63,8 mgO/dm3) and mineral phosphorus (0,001–0,646 mg/dm3). The phytoplankton structure varied significantly from lake to lake. In terms of abundance in most small lakes, cyanobacteria (in abundance) and rafidophyte (in biomass) algae dominated. Abundance of phytoplankton and biomass varied from 0.1 to 676.6 million cells/dm3 and from 0.1 to 105.2 mg/dm3, accordingly. In acidic polyhumous lakes, a simplification of the phytoplankton structure was noted. Representatives of the department of green algae (chlorococcal, volvox, ulotrix) dominated in these lakes throughout the season. In the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton, one or two peaks were noted, which occurred in different years in different months, most often in June or September. It was shown that the variation in the structural parameters of the phytoplankton of lakes was determined by the specific catchment area, the depth of the reservoir, water transparency, color, electrical conductivity and nutrient content. To a large extent, the level of phytoplankton vegetation was also determined by the active reaction of the environment.
Composition and structure algal сommunity of the Сát Tiên National Park, Southern Vietnam (first data)
Authors: Kezlya Elena M. , Glushchenko Anton M. , Maltsev Yevhen I. , Maltseva Svetlana Y. , Gusev Evgeniy S. , Kulikovskiy Maxim S.
Published: December 2021

The report presents the results of a study of algae in forest soils in the Cat Tien National Park (South Vietnam) using 7 model sites as an example. The species composition of algae and their vertical distribution in the soil horizons have been characterized.
Composition, structure, and dynamics of phytoplankton in some left-bank tributaries of the Cheboksary Reservoir
Authors: Kulizin Pavel V. , Vodeneeva Ekaterina L. , Okhapkin Alexander G.
Published: December 2021

The data on the composition, structure and dynamics of phytoplankton in morphologically different tributaries of the Cheboksary reservoir (the Vetluga, Kerzhenets and Vishnya rivers) are given. The floristic composition of algae includes 856 species and intraspecific taxa, algoflora is characterized as diatom-green-euglena algae. There is an increase in quantitative indicators of algocenosises from oligotrophic to oligotrophic-mesotrophic level in the middle course of the rivers, with mesotrophic-eutrophic level in the estuaries. The period of abnormally hot summer in 2010 led to increasing of vegetation of blue-green and dinophyte algae in the middle course and estuaries of the rivers. Since the early 2000s, penetration and naturalization of invasive algae species has been noted.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Sleep Quality In Elderly
Authors: Ashari Muh Hidayat , Hardianto Yudi , Amalia Riskah Nur
Published: December 2021

Proses menua merupakan suatu proses yang terjadi pada tubuh yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan berbagai fungsi tubuh, seiring semakin bertambahnya usia seseorang, akan menyebabkan bebagai perubahan pada struktur dan fungsi sel, jaringan, maupun sistem organ. Perubahan tersebut dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kekuatan otot yang berikutnya akan memengaruhi aktivitas fisik sehingga dapat menurunkan kualitas tidur seseorang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kualitas tidur pada lansia di Desa Nisombali Kabupaten Maros. Penelitian ini merupakan korelasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh sampel 90 lansia. Subjek penelitian ini adalah lansia di Desa Nisombalia Kabupaten Maros yang berusia 60ᵗʰ keatas. Pengukuran aktivitas fisik menggunakan kuesioner Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE) sedangkan pengukuran kualitas tidur menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji hubungan dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square didapatkan nilai signifikansi hasil uji statistik didapatkan p-value 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti ada hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kualitas tidur pada lansia di Desa Nisombalia Kabupaten Maros.
Influence of anthropogenic factors on the ecology of Melanocorypha calandra and Alauda arvensis in depressions of Dnipro — Molochna
Authors: Starovoitova T.
Published: December 2021

The research was carried out for 3 years in the steppe biotopes of the bottoms of the Ahaymany, Barnashivsky, Green, Big Chapelsk, and Small Chapelsk depressions of the Dnipro — Molochna interfluve. Based on visual inspection and processing of space images, the degree of anthropogenic transformation of these ecosystems is analyzed. The highest percentage of plowing is characteristic of the Ahaymany depression, which occurred in the last 10 years. Among the factors that significantly affect the nesting birds of the steppe complex are also the continuous low mowing of grass (Green depression) and overgrazing of livestock — Small Chapelsk depression.
The nesting density of background steppe species was determined, the highest density of Alauda arvensis in different years is characteristic of Ahaymany (245,2 pairs/km2) and Barnashivsky depression (211,2 pairs/km2), and Melanocorypha calandra — for the Big Chapelsk depression (140,1 pairs/km2). Stable is only the territory of the Big Chapelsk depression the protected regime under moderate grazing load of wild ungulates. A positive correlation was established between the values of steppe habitat area and Alauda arvensis nesting in the Ahaymany, Barnashivsky, Small Chapelsk, and Green depressions and, accordingly, a negative dependence for Melanocorypha calandra.
GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Ugle Pimpalkhute Prachi
Published: December 2021

The impacts of climate action is not bound by gender disparities, but still each one ofus is accountable and responsible for its management. Climate action has to be scientific expression of attributes working in synchronously with multi-stakeholders and a common framework or exchange of dialogues. If equity in action is a perspective per se, then equality in gender towards steering it forward is a gender attribute. Women, men, children and other stakeholders are all impacted, and beyond gender bias one has to work on then targets. Women face inequalities and have not been given the key role in decision making, local and indigenous knowledge repository is used for local action by women and their contribution fixes many local issues.
GRAPHIC LITERATURE: DEFINITIONS, HISTORY, COMPONENTS
Authors: Belichko Nataliia , Marchenko Nadiia
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The article defines for the first time the concept of graphic literature a special kind of book and magazine graphics, which has become widespread in world art practice over the past century. It emphasizes that graphic literature combines elements of fine arts, literature, and cinema. It reveals the essence of graphic literature in the narrative of history through a sequence of images. It reviews the history of formation and development of this art form in world and Ukrainian art history. It outlines the specific features of graphic literature in certain countries. It gives the names of personalities who influenced its origin and spread around the world. The article is mainly focused on the analysis of the history of graphic literature development in Ukraine. It outlines the contribution of Ukrainian artists of the 20th century to its development. It emphasizes the reasons for the negative attitude to graphic works of literature in Soviet times. It considers in detail the spread of works of graphic literature in Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century. It names Ukrainian personalities and specialized publishing houses that actively develop modern graphic literature. It outlines the basic structure, some important elements, and technique of graphic works. It emphasizes the similarity of the design of works of graphic and fiction. It reveals the main purpose of graphic literature in the most effective way to convey the main idea of a literary work to the reader and to get him/her interested with the help of visual images. It examines the genre diversity of graphic literature in Ukraine in the last decade. It analyses the dependence of the genres of graphic works on the age restrictions of the readership. It reveals the necessity to further study and analyse such graphic works from the art point of view. Graphic literature combines publications in which the narration is conveyed through hand-drawn and textual images in a certain sequence.
CANONICAL STRUCTURE OF CONSTRUCTION OF ORTHODOX CHURCHES
Authors: Kutsevych Vadym
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Orthodox Church in a number of other Christian denominations is characterized by the stability of dogma and rituals, which in turn determines the symbolic significance of the subject environment of the church, the canonization of church paraphernalia and iconography. Thus, the canon, created on the requirements of the liturgy — the main action in the church, determines the structure of the church and the purpose of its premises. The article considers the creation of modern Orthodox churches based on the use of traditions and the formation of temple action in them as a synthesis of arts. Gaining Independence of Ukraine, the growth of self-awareness and the restoration of religious life put forward a number of major architectural tasks of building new, reconstruction of destroyed and restoration of temples adapted to other functions in the period of "militant atheism". Serious typo­logical problems are faced by architects who design modern sacred buildings and structures, as well as by urban planners, as this process has a significant impact on the urban situation in cities and villages, changes the public microclimate and infrastructure in the vicinity of temples areas. Despite the fact that the construction "boom" of the 90s of the twentieth century-calmed down a bit, the issues of typology and imagery of modern temple building remain relevant. The new urban policy on the development of spirituality and meeting the needs of religious orga­nizations is carried out in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Freedom of Conscience and Principles of Democracy" of April 23, 1991. № 988 (as amended in 1992–2019). Temple construction, as a special, but at the same time once significant part of the architectural activity of architects of Ukraine (pre-October period), is being restored. But this is a very complex process, based on the still insufficient practice of designing and building modern Orthodox churches, which requires the improvement of their typological and figurative solutions. On the basis of the author's research, practice of design and construction of sacred buildings and structures will be prepared the third edition of the design manual "Cult houses and buildings of different denominations", the provisions and requirements of which will contribute to the development of modern Ukrainian church building.
THE DIMENSION OF «EXPERIMENTAL CULTURE»: ANATOMY, SOCIAL PEDOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL REFLEXOLOGY AS COMPONENTS OF ART EDUCATION AT THE KYIV ART INSTITUTE
Authors: Melnychuk Anastasia
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The article examines the problems of art education in the 1920s of Kyiv Art Institute in the context of interdisciplinary links and tasks of ideological education. The educational process in art educational institutions, such as Kyiv Art Institute, received its ideological and philosophical basis in the early Soviet period, according to which traditional approaches to art education were deconstructed, curricula were changed, new disciplines were introduced, etc. Understanding the essence of the educational process in this period is the key to understanding the artistic culture of the early USSR in general. In the course of this study, both general scientific methods, such as formal analysis, historical, biographical, typologically systematic, problem and logical, and empirical, as well as cultural and historical, which belongs to art history methods, were used. For the first time, this study highlights the origins and stages of formation of such disciplines as Anatomy, Social Pedology and Physiological Reflexology, which were taught at Kyiv Art Institute in the 1920s of the 20th century. The article makes up for an insufficiency in the data about the history of development and scientific and methodological approach in teaching these disciplines based on the autor’s processing of archival documentation kept in the funds of the Central State Archive Museum of Literature and Art of Ukraine. The aim of the article is to study the curriculum of the Kyiv Art Institute in the 1920s of the 20th century on the basis of primary sources, to analyze new approaches and interdisciplinary connections of the new curriculum, the place and significance of such disciplines as Anatomy, Social Pedology and Physiological Reflexology. The article is based on primary sources and archival data, such as abstracts of lectures on Ukrainian, Pedology, Anatomy, Philosophy, which were listened to by Professor O. K. Bohomazov, were found by the author of the article in the funds of the Central State Archive Museum of Literature and Art of Ukraine.
SCIENTIFIC RESTORATION OF WORKS OF DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ART IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER ART EDUCATION
Authors: Revenok Natalia
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The article is devoted to the issues of scientific restoration of works of decorative and applied art in the system of art education at the National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture. The processes of formation and improvement of the experience of the artist-restorer for the preservation of historical and cultural monuments are defined. The importance of solving the cultural and professional development of the future artist-restorer in the field of restoration of works of decorative and applied art is emphasized. The topic studied by the author raises a number of issues of the methodology of studying works of decorative and applied arts in the research work of future artists-restorers. The purpose of the study is to develop and substantiate basic theoretical know­ledge in the field of research, restoration, conservation and storage of works of decorative and applied arts from metal, ceramics and organic materials. Training of restoration specialists is carried out in various educational and scientific institutions of Ukraine. At the present stage of development of scientific restoration, this industry needs innovative approaches and updating of old methods. Thus, at the National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture you can get a specialty artist-restorer of monumental painting, artist-restorer of sculptures and decorative arts from metal, ceramics, organic materials (fabrics, leather and bone). Restoration occupies the most important place in museum work and combines a set of knowledge and skills that provide storage of works of art made of metal, ceramics and organic materials. Disciplines on the restoration of sculpture and works of decorative and applied art are part of the training of specialists in the specialty «Restoration of works of art» within the acquisition of practical skills in research, restoration, conservation and storage. Training of future artists-restorers in the system of higher professional education taking into account modern requirements of conservation and restoration is based on such principles as scientific, connection of theory with practice should be carried out on authentic monuments — museum exhibits that promotes formation of professional competences, acquisition of professional experience, responsible attitude to historical and cultural monuments. The obtained results deepen the idea of research methods, restoration and conservation of works of decorative and applied arts from metal, ceramics and organic materials. Theoretical provisions are important at the problem-theoretical level, because the training of restorers requires a strong scientific and methodological base.
Salinity stress resistance in wheat
Authors: Nazir Muniba
Published: December 2021

Wheat is used as staple food worldwide and it ranked third in cereals. Its productivity a the global level decreases by many stresses mainly by salinity stress which is associated with different physiological and biochemical processes of plants. To overcome these growth and yield reduction issues, salinity resistance in wheat can be achieved. The introduction of resistance to salinity-induced water stress and ion toxicity in wheat lead to more reliable results. Salt tolerance mechanisms at tissues and whole plant levels along with sequestration of toxic ions can improve overall growth, yield, and salinity resistance capability in wheat. Different sources and measurements of salinity play important role in the production of salinity tolerant wheat. This article mainly reviews different physiological mechanisms, genetics, omics, and quality trait loci approaches for the production of salinity tolerant wheat.
Tracking and Analysis of the Movement Behavior of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Georgopoulou Dimitra G. , Stavrakidis-Zachou Orestis , Mitrizakis Nikos , Papandroulakis Nikos
Published: December 2021

Monitoring and understanding fish behavior is crucial for achieving precision in everyday husbandry practices (i.e. for optimizing farm performance), and for improving fish welfare in aquaculture. Various intelligent monitoring and control methods, using mathematical models, acoustic methods and computer vision, have been recently developed for this reason. Here, a tracking algorithm based on computer vision that extracts short trajectories of individual European seabass in both recirculating aquaculture systems and sea cages was developed using videos from network cameras. Using this methodology, parameters such as instantaneous normalized speed, travel direction and preference for the tank surface by European seabass could be quantified. When testing the sensitivity of this algorithm for detecting fish swimming variations under different husbandry scenarios, we found that the algorithm could detect variations in all of the abovementioned parameters and could potentially be a useful tool for monitoring the behavioral state of European seabass.
Quantified CIN Score From Cell-free DNA as a Novel Noninvasive Predictor of Survival in Patients With Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Chen Su , Yang Minglei , Zhong Nanzhe , Yu Dong , Jian Jiao , Jiang Dongjie , Xiao Yasong , Wei Wei , Wang Tianzhen , Lou Yan , Zhou Zhenhua , Xu Wei , Wan Wan , Wu Zhipeng , Wei Haifeng , Liu Tielong , Zhao Jian , Yang Xinghai , Xiao Jianru
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Most currently available scores for survival prediction of patients with bone metastasis lack accuracy. In this study, we present a novel quantified CIN (Chromosome Instability) score modeled from cfDNA copy number variation (CNV) for survival prediction.

Experimental Design: Plasma samples collected from 67 patients with bone metastases from 11 different cancer types between November 2015 and May 2016 were sent through low-coverage whole genome sequencing followed by CIN computation to make a correlation analysis between the CIN score and survival prognosis. The results were validated in an independent cohort of 213 patients.

Results: During the median follow-up period of 598 (95% CI 364–832) days until December 25, 2018, 124 (44.3%) of the total 280 patients died. Analysis of the discovery dataset showed that CIN score = 12 was the optimal CIN cutoff. Validation dataset showed that CIN was elevated (score ≥12) in 87 (40.8%) patients, including 5 (5.75%) with head and neck cancer, 11 (12.6%) with liver and gallbladder cancer, 11 (12.6%) with cancer from unidentified sites, 21 (24.1%) with lung cancer, 7 (8.05%) with breast cancer, 4 (4.60%) with thyroid cancer, 6 (6.90%) with colorectal cancer, 4 (4.60%) with kidney cancer, 2 (2.30%) with prostate cancer, and 16 (18.4%) with other types of cancer. Further analysis showed that patients with elevated CIN were associated with worse survival (p < 0.001). For patients with low Tokuhashi score (≤8) who had predictive survival of less than 6 months, the CIN score was able to distinguish patients with a median overall survival (OS) of 443 days (95% CI 301–585) from those with a median OS of 258 days (95% CI 184–332).

Conclusion: CNV examination in bone metastatic cancer from cfDNA is superior to the traditional predictive model in that it provides a noninvasive and objective method of monitoring the survival of patients with spine metastasis.
Drug-Coated Balloon vs. Stent for de novo Non-small Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Kaiwen , Liu Zhenzhu , Wang Hongyan
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Drug-coated balloon (DCB) has been an attractive option in de novo vessels. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DCB vs. stent for treating de novo lesions in non-small vessels.

Methods: Studies in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched (from their commencement to March 2021). This meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3.

Results: A total of 3 random controlled trials (RCTs) with 255 patients and 2 observational studies (OS) with 265 patients were included in this meta-analysis following our inclusion criteria. It could be observed that DCB presented no significant difference in cardiac death (CD) (RR 0.33, 95% CI [0.01, 8.29], p = 0.50 in OS), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR 0.49, 95% CI [0.09, 2.50], p = 0.39 in RCT), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (RR 0.64, 95% CI [0.19, 2.18], p = 0.47 in RCT) (RR 1.72, 95% CI [0.56, 5.26], p = 0.34 in OS), and late lumen loss (LLL) (SMD −0.48, 95% CI [−1.32, 0.36], p = 0.26 in RCT) for de novo non-small coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with stents, whereas minimal lumen diameter (MLD) including MLD1 (SMD −0.67, 95% CI [−0.92 −0.42], p < 0.00001 in RCT) and MLD2 (SMD −0.36, 95% CI [−0.61 −0.11], p = 0.004 in RCT) was smaller in DCB group.

Conclusion: This systematic review showed that DCB might provide a promising way on de novo non-small coronary artery disease compared with stents. However, more RCTs are still needed to further prove the benefits of the DCB strategy.

Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails.
Long-Term Stroke Risk in Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Appendage Ablation With and Without Complete Isolation
Authors: Dhorepatil Aneesh , Lang Angela L. , Lang Min , Butt Muhammad , Arbune Amit , Hoffman David , Almahmeed Soufian , Ziv Ohad
Published: December 2021

Background: Catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF), may require ablation beyond the pulmonary veins. Prior data suggest that additional LA ablation, particularly left atrial appendage (LAA) ablation, may alter atrial function leading to increased risk of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (IS/TIA). We sought to study the long-term risk of IS/TIA in patients receiving ablation at the LAA compared to those receiving PVI alone and those receiving PVI with additional non-LAA locations.

Methods: 350 patients who underwent CA for AF from 2008 to 2018 were included in the study. Locations of ablation in LA evaluated were the posterior wall, anterior wall, inferior wall, inter-atrial septum, lateral wall and the left atrial appendage (LAA). Patients undergoing LAA ablation were further divided as complete isolation (LAAi) and without complete isolation (LAAa).

Results: Mean follow up of 4.8 years. In entire cohort, risk of IS/TIA was 1.62/100 patient-years (pys). The risk was highest in patients with LAAi (3.81/100 pys), followed by ablation LAAa (3.74/100 pys). Amongst all LA locations, only LAAi (HR 3.32, p = 0.03) and LAAa (HR 3.18, p = 0.02) were statistically significant predictors of IS/TIA after adjusting for OAC (Oral anticoagulant) use and baseline CHA2DS2VASc score.

Conclusions: During long term follow-up, only ablation at the left atrial appendage with and without complete isolation was independently associated with an increased risk of IS/TIA in patients undergoing CA for AF. Potential strategies to reduce stroke risk, such as LAA closure, should be considered in these patients.
miR-208a in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Remodeling
Authors: Huang Xing-Huai , Li Jia-Lu , Li Xin-Yue , Wang Shu-Xia , Jiao Zhi-Han , Li Si-Qi , Liu Jun , Ding Jian
Published: December 2021

Various stresses, including pressure overload and myocardial stretch, can trigger cardiac remodeling and result in heart diseases. The disorders are associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality and are among the major health problems in the world. MicroRNAs, a class of ~22nt-long small non-coding RNAs, have been found to participate in regulating heart development and function. One of them, miR-208a, a cardiac-specific microRNA, plays key role(s) in modulating gene expression in the heart, and is involved in a broad array of processes in cardiac pathogenesis. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of miR-208a in rodents attenuated stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Transgenic expression of miR-208a in the heart was sufficient to cause hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. miR-208a is also a key regulator of cardiac conduction system, either deletion or transgenic expression of miR-208a disturbed heart electrophysiology and could induce arrhythmias. In addition, miR-208a appeared to assist in regulating the expression of fast- and slow-twitch myofiber genes in the heart. Notably, this heart-specific miRNA could also modulate the “endocrine” function of cardiac muscle and govern the systemic energy homeostasis in the whole body. Despite of the critical roles, the underlying regulatory networks involving miR-208a are still elusive. Here, we summarize the progress made in understanding the function and mechanisms of this important miRNA in the heart, and propose several topics to be resolved as well as the hypothetical answers. We speculate that miR-208a may play diverse and even opposite roles by being involved in distinct molecular networks depending on the contexts. A deeper understanding of the precise mechanisms of its action under the conditions of cardiac homeostasis and diseases is needed. The clinical implications of miR-208a are also discussed.
Mechanical Stress Stability of Flexible Amorphous Zinc Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Lahr Oliver , Steudel Max , von Wenckstern Holger , Grundmann Marius
Published: December 2021

Due to their low-temperature processing capability and ionic bonding configuration, amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS) are well suited for applications within future mechanically flexible electronics. Over the past couple of years, amorphous zinc tin oxide (ZTO) has been proposed as indium and gallium-free and thus more sustainable alternative to the widely deployed indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). The present study specifically focuses on the strain-dependence of elastic and electrical properties of amorphous zinc tin oxide thin-films sputtered at room temperature. Corresponding MESFETs have been compared regarding their operation stability under mechanical bending for radii ranging from 5 to 2 mm. Force-spectroscopic measurements yield a plastic deformation of ZTO as soon as the bending-induced strain exceeds 0.83 %. However, the electrical properties of ZTO determined by Hall effect measurements at room temperature are demonstrated to be unaffected by residual compressive and tensile strain up to 1.24 %. Even for the maximum investigated tensile strain of 1.26 %, the MESFETs exhibit a reasonably consistent performance in terms of current on/off ratios between six and seven orders of magnitude, a subthreshold swing around 350 mV/dec and a field-effect mobility as high as 7.5 cm2V−1s−1. Upon gradually subjecting the transistors to higher tensile strain, the channel conductivity steadily improves and consequently, the field-effect mobility increases by nearly 80 % while bending the devices around a radius of 2 mm. Further, a reversible threshold voltage shift of about −150 mV with increasing strain is observable. Overall, amorphous ZTO provides reasonably stable electrical properties and device performance for bending-induced tensile strain up to at least 1.26 % and thus represent a promising material of choice considering novel bendable and transparent electronics.
Optimized Regulation of Hybrid Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System for Zero-Carbon-Emission Micro-Energy Network
Authors: Jia Qiwei , Liu Tingxiang , Chen Xiaotao , Chen Laijun , Si Yang , Mei Shengwei
Published: December 2021

Improving electricity and heat utilization can speed up China’s decarbonization process in the northwest villages on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, we proposed an architecture with zero-carbon-emission micro-energy network (ZCE-MEN) to increase the reliability and flexibility of heat and electricity. The advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (AA-CAES) hybrid with solar thermal collector (STC) is defined as hybrid adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (HA-CAES). The ZCE-MEN adopts HA-CAES as the energy hub, which is integrated with power distribution network (PDN) and district heating network (DHN). The STC can greatly improve the efficiency of HA-CAES. Furthermore, it can provide various grades of thermal energy for the residents. The design scheme of HA-CAES firstly considers the thermal dynamics and pressure behavior to assess its heating and power capacities. The optimal operating strategy of ZCE-MEN is modeled as mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) and converts this problem into a mixed-integer linear programming problem (MILP) that can be solved by CPLEX. The simulation results show that the energy hub based on HA-CAES proposed in this paper can significantly improve ZCE-MEN efficiency and reduce its operation costs. Compared with conventional AA-CAES, the electric to electric (E-E) energy conversion efficiency of the proposed system is increased to 65.61%, and the round trip efficiency of the system is increased to 70.18%. Besides, operating costs have been reduced by 4.78% in comparison with traditional micro-energy network (MEN).
From Bioinspired to Bioinformed: Benefits of Greater Engagement From Biologists
Authors: Ng Leslie , Elgar Mark A. , Stuart-Fox Devi
Published: December 2021

Bioinspiration and biomimetics is a rapidly growing field where insights from biology are used to solve current design challenges. Nature provides an abundance of inspiration to draw upon, yet biological information is under-exploited due to a concerning lack of engagement from biologists. To assess the extent of this problem, we surveyed the current state of the field using the Web of Science database and found that only 41% of publications on bioinspired or biomimetic research included an author affiliated with a biology-related department or organisation. In addition, most publications focus exclusively on a limited range of popular model species. Considering these findings, we highlight key reasons why greater engagement from biologists will enable new and significant insights from natural selection and the diversity of life. Likewise, biologists are missing unique opportunities to study biological phenomena from the perspective of other disciplines, particularly engineering. We discuss the importance of striving toward a bioinformed approach, as current limitations in the field can only be overcome with a greater understanding of the ecological and evolutionary contexts behind each bioinspired/biomimetic solution.
Evolution of B Chromosomes: From Dispensable Parasitic Chromosomes to Essential Genomic Players
Authors: Johnson Pokorná Martina , Reifová Radka
Published: December 2021

B chromosomes represent additional chromosomes found in many eukaryotic organisms. Their origin is not completely understood but recent genomic studies suggest that they mostly arise through rearrangements and duplications from standard chromosomes. They can occur in single or multiple copies in a cell and are usually present only in a subset of individuals in the population. Because B chromosomes frequently show unstable inheritance, their maintenance in a population is often associated with meiotic drive or other mechanisms that increase the probability of their transmission to the next generation. For all these reasons, B chromosomes have been commonly considered to be nonessential, selfish, parasitic elements. Although it was originally believed that B chromosomes had little or no effect on an organism’s biology and fitness, a growing number of studies have shown that B chromosomes can play a significant role in processes such as sex determination, pathogenicity and resistance to pathogens. In some cases, B chromosomes became an essential part of the genome, turning into new sex chromosomes or germline-restricted chromosomes with important roles in the organism’s fertility. Here, we review such cases of “cellular domestication” of B chromosomes and show that B chromosomes can be important genomic players with significant evolutionary impact.
Significance and Relevance of Spermatozoal RNAs to Male Fertility in Livestock
Authors: Sahoo Bijayalaxmi , Choudhary Ratan K. , Sharma Paramajeet , Choudhary Shanti , Gupta Mukesh Kumar
Published: December 2021

Livestock production contributes to a significant part of the economy in developing countries. Although artificial insemination techniques brought substantial improvements in reproductive efficiency, male infertility remains a leading challenge in livestock. Current strategies for the diagnosis of male infertility largely depend on the evaluation of semen parameters and fail to diagnose idiopathic infertility in most cases. Recent evidences show that spermatozoa contains a suit of RNA population whose profile differs between fertile and infertile males. Studies have also demonstrated the crucial roles of spermatozoal RNA (spRNA) in spermatogenesis, fertilization, and early embryonic development. Thus, the spRNA profile may serve as unique molecular signatures of fertile sperm and may play pivotal roles in the diagnosis and treatment of male fertility. This manuscript provides an update on various spRNA populations, including protein-coding and non-coding RNAs, in livestock species and their potential role in semen quality, particularly sperm motility, freezability, and fertility. The contribution of seminal plasma to the spRNA population is also discussed. Furthermore, we discussed the significance of rare non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in spermatogenic events.
Roles of Noncoding RNA in Reproduction
Authors: He Chaofan , Wang Kaixian , Gao Yuanyuan , Wang Chen , Li Leina , Liao Yaping , Hu Ke , Liang Meng
Published: December 2021

The World Health Organization predicts that infertility will be the third major health threat after cancer and cardiovascular disease, and will become a hot topic in medical research. Studies have shown that epigenetic changes are an important component of gametogenesis and related reproductive diseases. Epigenetic regulation of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is appropriate and is a research hotspot in the biomedical field; these include long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA). As vital members of the intracellular gene regulatory network, they affect various life activities of cells. LncRNA functions as a molecular bait, molecular signal and molecular scaffold in the body through molecular guidance. miRNAs are critical regulators of gene expression; they mainly control the stability or translation of their target mRNA after transcription. piRNA functions mainly through silencing genomic transposable elements and the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs in animal germ cells. Current studies have shown that these ncRNAs also play significant roles in the reproductive system and are involved in the regulation of essential cellular events in spermatogenesis and follicular development. The abnormal expression of ncRNA is closely linked to testicular germ cell tumors, poly cystic ovary syndrome and other diseases. This paper briefly presents the research on the reproductive process and reproductive diseases involving ncRNAs.