bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistent DNA damage response drives cGAS‐STING mediated neuroinflammation in a mouse model of tauopathy
Authors: Singh Himanshi , Xiao Jianfeng , Khan Sazzad , Das Asmita , Pourmotabbed Tayebeh , Khan Mohammad Moshahid
Published: January 2025

Background

Tauopathies are a group of neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease that involve progressive neurodegeneration, behavioral deficits, and aberrant tau accumulation. While the molecular mechanisms that regulate the progression of the tauopathy are not fully elucidated, there is evidence to suggest that accumulation of nuclear DNA damage, particularly nuclear DNA double‐strand breaks (DNA DSBs), contribute to the progression of neurodegeneration. In our present work, we investigated the relationship between DNA DSB accumulation and neuroinflammation in the brains of AD patients and a mouse model of tauopathy.

Method

We used multiple approaches including ELISA, RT‐qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry to examine the DNA DSB expression and DNA repair function in the entorhinal cortex of human AD and non‐AD brains.

Result

In comparison to non‐AD subjects, we found increased g‐H2A.X (Ser139) a biomarker of DNA DSB and reduced expression levels of DNA repair proteins in the entorhinal cortex of human AD brains. This was positively correlated with upregulation of cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) immune regulatory pathway, and tau pathology. Next, we observed higher amounts of DNA DSB and altered expression levels of DNA repair proteins in the brains of PS19Tg mice as compared to non‐Tg mice. Our results showed that increased DNA DSBs and reduced expression of DNA repair proteins were further associated with significant increase in cGAS‐STING pathway.

Conclusion

These results offered strong evidence that tauopathy is linked to DNA DSB accumulation and/or changes in DNA repair proteins, which may have an impact on a critical initial step of the process, such as neuroinflammation, leading to neurodegeneration and memory loss.
Effect of Oil Shale Semi‐Coke With Different Particle Sizes on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Low‐Density Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Zhang Xuejian , Wang Kuishan , Li Weina , Li Yongtao , Ai Weidong , Liu Huisheng , Huang Dexin , Chang Yushuo , Chen Angchen
Published: January 2025

This study explores the feasibility of utilizing oil shale semi‐coke powder as a substitute for heavy calcium carbonate powder in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Initially, oil shale semi‐coke with varying particle sizes is produced by adjusting the ball milling time. Subsequently, LDPE composites with different filler weight fractions are prepared using an internal mixer. The effects of particle size and filler weight fractions on the composites are investigated. The tensile strength of the composites significantly increases with a reduction in the particle size of the oil shale semi‐coke and also increases with an increasing filler weight fraction. Based on the analysis of interface interaction parameters and fracture morphology, it is found that the oil shale semi‐coke with a ball milling time of 40 min exhibits the best particle dispersion. Thermogravimetric analyses demonstrate that the composites made with oil shale semi‐coke have better hot‐air stability. Notably, the composites filled with a 29.70% weight fraction of oil shale semi‐coke and a ball milling time of 40 min achieve the highest crystallinity and the smallest grain size, aligning with the observed mechanical properties.
Abnormalities in cerebellar subregions' volume and cerebellocerebral structural covariance in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Wang Yu , Cao Aihua , Wang Jing , Bai He , Liu Tianci , Sun Chenxi , Li Zhuoran , Tang Yuchun , Xu Feifei , Liu Shuwei
Published: January 2025

The cerebellum plays a crucial role in functions, including sensory‐motor coordination, cognition, and emotional processing. Compared to the neocortex, the human cerebellum exhibits a protracted developmental trajectory. This delayed developmental timeline may lead to increased sensitivity of the cerebellum to external influences, potentially extending the vulnerability period for neurological disorders. Abnormal cerebellar development in individuals with autism has been confirmed, and these atypical cerebellar changes may affect the development of the neocortex. However, due to the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the regional changes in the cerebellum and cerebellocerebral structural relationship remain unknown. To address these issues, we utilized imaging methods optimized for the cerebellum and cerebrum on 817 individuals aged 5–18 years in the ABIDE II dataset. After FDR correction, significant differences between groups were found in the right crus II/VIIB and vermis VI‐VII. Structural covariance analysis revealed enhanced structural covariance in individuals with autism between the cerebellum and parahippocampal gyrus, pars opercularis, and transverse temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere after FDR correction. Furthermore, the structural covariance between the cerebellum and some regions of the cerebrum varied across sexes. A significant increase in structural covariance between the cerebellum and specific subcortical structures was also observed in individuals with ASD. Our study found atypical patterns in the structural covariance between the cerebellum and cerebrum in individuals with autism, which suggested that the underlying pathological processes of ASD might concurrently affect these brain regions. This study provided insight into the potential of cerebellocerebral pathways as therapeutic targets for ASD.
“Water in Ionic Liquid” Electrolyte Toward Supercapacitors With High Operation Voltage, Long Lifespan, and Wide Temperature Compatibility
Authors: Yang Yibing , Liu Min , Zhang Dongliang , Wu Shuilin , Zhang Wenjun
Published: January 2025

Aqueous electrolytes, with their inherent safety, low cost, and eco‐friendliness, provide a promising alternative for energy storage devices, but their application is limited due to the narrow electrochemical stability window of water. Using super‐concentrated electrolytes has been demonstrated effectives in expanding the electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes. However, this approach also brings in several challenges, including decreased ionic conductivity, poor wettability, and increased temperature sensitivity due to the near‐saturated salt concentrations. In this study, we employed a water‐miscible ionic liquid (i.e., 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate) to break the solubility limitations faced in super‐concentrated electrolytes and created a new “water in ionic liquid” electrolyte that simultaneously featured with broad electrochemical window, decent ionic conductivity, and wide temperature compatibility. Moreover, a prototype of electrochemical double‐layer supercapacitor utilizing the “water in ionic liquid” electrolyte demonstrates outstanding performance characteristics, including a high operating voltage (2.6 V), excellent rate capability with 81% capacitance retention from 0.5 to 30 A g–1, remarkable cyclic stability with 75% capacitance retention after 120,000 cycles, along with broad temperature compatibility from –20°C to 60°C. These findings not only provide new insights into electrolyte engineering but also offer a pathway for designing innovative aqueous electrolytes for energy storage devices with balanced electrochemical performance.
Photoresponsive Helical Foldamers: Conformational Control Through Double Helix Formation and Light‐Induced Protonation
Authors: Hardoin Louis , Kdouh Rana , Aidibi Youssef , Azar Soussana , Siegler Benjamin , Allain Magali , Goeb Sébastien , Levillain Eric , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine , Galangau Olivier , Sallé Marc , Canevet David
Published: January 2025

Helical foldamers constitute particularly relevant targets in the field of host‐guest chemistry, be that as hosts or substrates. In this context, the strategies reported so far to control the dimensions and shape of foldamers mainly involve modifications of the skeleton through covalent synthesis. Herein, we prepared an oligopyridine dicarboxamide foldamer substituted by photo‐active tetraphenylethylene units (TPE). We demonstrate that it is possible to toggle the length of a helical foldamer by two means. First, the elongation of foldamers can be tuned by adjusting the concentration, as demonstrated by DOSY NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses on both the single and the double helix structures. Secondly, and in a more original manner, a photo‐induced protonation process triggered by TPE units promotes a novel pathway to unfold helical foldamers, leading to dramatic conformational and spectroscopic changes.
Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones from Substituted Alkenes via Molybdooxaziridine Catalysis
Authors: Doran Erin L. , Doran Jenna M. , Pinarci Ali A. , Rossi Morgan E. , Madiu Rufai , Howard Amari M. , Stroud James L. , Rivera Dominic A. , Moskovitz Dylan A. , Singer Alyssa N. , Finneran Steven J. , Moura‐Letts Gustavo
Published: January 2025

Herein we report the MoO2Dipic promoted sulfonation of alkenes using N−Ts‐hydroxylamine as the quantitative source of Ts. The reaction works with high yields and stereoselectivities for styrenes with a wide variety of substitution patterns. A novel atom transfer radical addition mechanism involving the formation of molybdooxaziridine complex 1 as the active catalyst, difunctionalization with Ts‐NO, followed by oxidation, and then elimination as the rate‐determining‐step for the formation of vinylsulfone 3 has been proposed. Initial kinetic and mechanistic data indicates the formation of Ts‐NO and provides evidence for the proposed mechanism.
A Consecutive Genome Engineering Method Reveals a New Phenotype and Regulation of Glucose and Glycerol Utilization in Clostridium Pasteurianum
Authors: Nguyen Tom , Meleski Luca W. G. , Belavatta Minu P. , Gurumoorthi Sivasubramanian , Zhang Chijian , Heins Anna‐Lena , Zeng An‐Ping
Published: January 2025

Clostridium pasteurianum is a microorganism for production of 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) and butanol, but suffers from lacking genetic tools for metabolic engineering to improve product titers. Furthermore, previous studies of C. pasteurianum have mainly focused on single genomic modification. The aim of this work is the development and application of a method for modification of multiple gene targets in the genome of C. pasteurianum. To this end, a new approach for consecutive genome engineering is presented for the first time using a method based on endogenous CRISPR‐Cas machineries. A total of three genome modifications were consecutively introduced in the same mutant and the effect of combined changes on the genome was observed by 39% decreased specific glycerol consumption rate and 29% increased 1,3‐PDO yield in mixed substrate fermentations at laboratory scale in comparison to the wildtype strain. Additionally, examination of the phenotype of the generated mutant strain led to discovery of 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BDO) production of up to 0.48 g L−1, and this metabolite was not reported to be produced by C. pasteurianum before. The developed procedure expands the genetic toolkit for C. pasteurianum and provides researchers an additional method which contributes to improved genetic accessibility of this strain.
Investigating Ultrafiltration Membranes and Operation Modes for Improved Lentiviral Vector Processing
Authors: Labisch Jennifer J. , Evangelopoulou Maria , Schleuß Tobias , Pickl Andreas
Published: January 2025

The demand for lentiviral vectors (LVs) as tools for ex vivo gene therapies is ever‐increasing. Despite their promising applications, challenges in LV production remain largely due to the fragile envelope, which challenges the maintenance of vector stability. Thus, downstream processing optimization to enhance efficiency, yield, and product quality is necessary. This study investigated the influence of membrane types and filtration devices during ultrafiltration (UF). Nine different membrane materials consisting of polyethersulfone (PES), regenerated cellulose, or Hydrosart, with distinct molecular weight cutoffs, were evaluated in stirred cells, centrifugal ultrafilters, and crossflow cassettes. The evaluation was based on the ability to retain infectious LV particles and remove impurities. The analysis revealed that a reinforced 100 kDa PES and a 300 kDa Hydrosart membrane had the best overall ability to concentrate infectious LVs and remove DNA, especially when operated in a stirred cell. Challenges were seen in the nonoptimized crossflow cassette process, where infectious LV recovery was generally lower compared to other devices. We demonstrated that membrane material and filtration device have a direct impact on the efficiency of LV UF.
Recent Advances of Deposition Methods for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries – A Review
Authors: Sadeghi Ali , Nikou Nima , Tayefeh Parchillo Alireza , Vaeli Ahmad , Askari Mojtaba , Ghaffarinejad Ali
Published: January 2025

During the last decades, lithium‐ion batteries attracted great attention due to their low cost and environmentally friendly energy storage systems as great alternatives for fossil fuels. However, their low theoretical energy densities prevent their wide utilization for human life. Therefore, lithium–sulfur batteries have been introduced due to high theoretical energy densities (≈2600 Wh kg−1) and abundant elements of sulfur cathode. However, some challenges such as the shuttle phenomenon, lithium dendritic growth, and low intrinsic conductivity of sulfur material inhibit their further usage. Thus, many researchers tried to solve these issues through deposition processes. According to this viewpoint, different chemical and physical methods have been introduced for anode, cathode, or separators of lithium–sulfur batteries. In this review article, it has been tried to interpret the role of various chemical and physical methods with a focus on the merits and demerits of each procedure to investigate their effects on Li–S battery performance during the last decade to predict the best method for further application of lithium–sulfur batteries. Additionally, since machine learning has been spread over the last few years, it has been tried to interpret the role of this methodology in predicting and investigating the mechanisms of these batteries.
Direct Economic Loss‐Based Seismic Design Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Li Cuihua , Guo Yu , Kunnath Sashi
Published: January 2025

Earthquake‐induced economic losses in buildings are likely to escalate as urbanization accelerates. Traditional seismic optimization methods, such as consistent ductility‐based design, aim to achieve uniform story drift along the building height but do not directly address reduction in economic losses. This study presents an innovative method called direct loss‐based design (DLBD) using a genetic algorithm to minimize the expected annual loss (EAL) in RC frame structures conditioned on constant structural stiffness and construction cost. Two optimization frameworks for minimizing the expected losses (EL) are examined: intensity‐based and risk‐based. Intensity‐based optimization focuses on a specific intensity level, whereas risk‐based optimization considers the EAL across three seismic hazard levels. Additionally, the collapse probability (CP) of structures optimized via the DLBD method is evaluated. Results show that intensity‐based optimization significantly reduces EL at the target intensity level but is ineffective at other seismic intensities due to extremely increased seismic demands at some floors. Conversely, the risk‐based optimization substantially reduces both EAL and CP across all intensity levels assessed, with a maximum reduction of 31% and an average reduction of over 20% for EAL, as well as an average decrease of 62% for CP. This approach effectively decreases seismic demands while simultaneously distributing the story drifts evenly across the building height. The proposed risk‐based design framework not only offers a practical algorithm for seismic optimization targeting EL but also provides new avenues to explore resilience‐based seismic design approaches.
Solutions to Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Incompressible Flow Fields Leveraging a Physics‐Informed Deep Learning Framework and Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks
Authors: Jiang Quan , Gou Zhiyong
Published: January 2025

Physics‐informed neural network (PINN) has become a potential technology for fluid dynamics simulations, but traditional PINN has low accuracy in simulating incompressible flows, and these problems can lead to PINN not converging. This paper proposes a physics‐informed neural network method (KA‐PINN) based on the Kolmogorov–Arnold Neural (KAN) network structure. It is used to solve two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional incompressible fluid dynamics problems. The flow field is reconstructed and predicted for the two‐dimensional Kovasznay flow and the three‐dimensional Beltrami flow. The results show that the prediction accuracy of KA‐PINN is improved by about 5 times in two dimensions and 2 times in three dimensions compared with the fully connected network structure of PINN. Meanwhile, the number of network parameters is reduced by 8 to 10 times. The research results not only verify the application potential of KA‐PINN in fluid dynamics simulations, but also demonstrate the feasibility of KAN network structure in improving the ability of PINN to solve and predict flow fields. This study can reduce the dependence on traditional numerical methods for solving fluid dynamics problems.
Heat and Mass Transport in Magnetized CNT‐Infused Hybrid Ellis Nanofluid Flow Over a Porous Stretching Surface
Authors: Pooja M. N. , Narasimhamurthy S. K. , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle
Published: January 2025

The overarching aim of this study is to investigate the enhancement of thermal energy and mass transfer in the flow of Ellis hybrid nanofluid under a magnetic field across a porous stretching surface. This advanced hybrid nanofluid is formulated by dispersing single‐walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within a non‐Newtonian Ellis fluid. The research meticulously analyzes the complex interactions of velocity, heat, and mass transport influenced by thermal radiation, nonuniform heat sources/sinks, Joule heating, and Arrhenius activation energy. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are skillfully transformed into ordinary differential equations through elegant similarity transformations, and the resulting dimensionless equations are solved semianalytically using the sophisticated Homotopy Analysis Method. The key findings indicate that viscous dissipation and heat generation significantly elevate energy profiles, while Arrhenius activation energy profoundly boosts mass transfer rates. Additionally, the integration of CNTs into the Ellis fluid enhances both velocity and energy fields, demonstrating remarkable improvements in heat and mass transfer efficiency. The Ellis hybrid nanofluid holds immense potential for applications in engineering and industrial processes, including polymer extrusion, food processing, and pharmaceutical manufacturing, where precise control of shear‐thinning fluid behavior is vital for optimizing performance.
Curvilinear incidence models for parity in the entire fertility range for cancers of the breast, ovary, and endometrium: A follow‐up of the Norwegian 1960 Census
Authors: Lund Eiliv , Busund Lill‐Tove Rasmussen , Holden Lars
Published: January 2025

The protective effect of parity has been demonstrated for cancer of the breast, ovary, and endometrium but no studies have estimated the effect of each subsequent birth in women with 10 or more children or grand‐grand parity women, nor compared the linear relationship of the three cancers sites. Here, we aim to explore these relationships based on the Norwegian 1960 Census. The question of parity in present marriage was answered by 385,816 women born 1870–1915, a period with high fertility. Age at marriage has been validated as a proxy for age at first birth AFB. With high parity age at first birth will logically be restricted to early births giving structural zeros. Follow‐up was based on linkages to national registers until the first of any of the three diagnoses, death, or age 90 before 31.12.2005. Included were 16,905 breast cancers, 3827 ovarian cancers, and 3834 endometrial cancers. Age‐ and period‐specific incidence rates based on person‐years, PY, were used in logit regression models. The percentage decrease for each additional child over the total parity range was for breast cancer 10.5% (95% CI; 9.6–11.4), ovarian cancer 13.2% (11.2–15.3), and endometrial cancer 10.9% (8.9–12.8), in a model without higher order terms. Adjustment for structural zeros reduced the effect of age at first birth to less than one additional child. To the best of our knowledge this is the first analysis of the curvilinear relationships for cancers of the breast, ovary, and endometrium throughout the extended fertility range.
Potential for enhancing efficacy of screening colonoscopy by lowering starting ages and extending screening intervals: A modelling study for Germany
Authors: Sergeev Dmitry , Heisser Thomas , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: January 2025

Studies aimed to evaluate the expected impact of alternative screening strategies are essential for optimizing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening offers, but such studies are lacking in Germany, where two screening colonoscopies (CS) 10 years apart are offered for men from age 50 and women from age 55. Our aim was to explore whether and to what extent the efficacy of utilizing two CS could be enhanced by alternative starting ages and screening intervals. We modeled the expected numbers of CRC cases, CRC deaths, years of potential life lost (YPLL), and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) due to CRC in hypothetical cohorts of 100,000 men and women aged 45–85 using COSIMO, a validated Markov‐based multi‐state simulation model. Modeled strategies included combinations of starting ages (45/50/55/60) and CS (10/15/20 years). For men, CRC deaths could be slightly reduced by extending the interval to 15 years, with a second CS at 65. YPLL and DALYs would be reduced by decreasing starting age to 45 when combined with a 15‐year screening interval. For women, use of two CS at ages 50 and 65 would reduce all CRC burden parameters compared to the current earliest‐use offer at 55 and 65 years. Our results suggest that lowering the starting age of screening colonoscopy to 45 for men and 50 for women, combined with extending the CS screening interval to 15 years would have the potential to enable significant reductions in years of potential life lost, and disability‐adjusted life years compared to current screening offers in Germany.
A case of testicular dysgenesis syndrome with squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate harboring a CDK12 mutation
Authors: Murata Yasuaki , Kosaka Takeo , Nakamura Kohei , Baba Yuto , Arai Eri , Yasumizu Yota , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Nishihara Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare, and genetic profiling of this disease has not been established yet.

Case presentation

We present a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with testicular dysgenesis syndrome. The patient was diagnosed with prostate squamous cell carcinoma following intractable dysuria, and his serum prostate‐specific antigen level was low. The patient had multiple lymph node and lung metastases, which led to administration of platinum‐based chemotherapy. Additionally, targeted next‐generation genome sequencing was performed to detect CDK12 mutations.

Conclusion

Early imaging studies should be considered, even if the patient's prostate‐specific antigen level is low when dysuria persists despite medical treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary squamous cell carcinoma with a CDK12 mutation in a patient with TDS.
A case of suspected paraneoplastic nerve syndrome associated with prostate cancer or opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome associated with COVID‐19 infection, but symptoms improved after treatment of both
Authors: Tomomasa Naoya , Kayano Sotaro , Monzen Tatsuya , Shimomura Tatsuya , Kimura Takahiro
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome is a type of neurological syndrome that occurs in patients with cancer; however, it is rarely associated with prostate cancer. We herein report a rare case of this condition.

Case presentation

A 76‐year‐old man, treated conservatively for rotatory vertigo due to a subtype of Guillain–Barré syndrome after COVID‐19, was referred to our neurology department. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no obvious findings; however, paraneoplastic neurological syndrome was suspected due to opsomyoclonus, and close examination of the primary tumor revealed a high prostate‐specific antigen level and bone metastases, suggesting prostate cancer. Paraneoplastic nerve syndrome associated with prostate cancer was suspected. Since the possibility of OMS associated with COVID‐19 infection was considered, bilateral orchiectomy and endocrine therapy, as well as pulse steroid therapy, were performed, and the patient's symptoms resolved.

Conclusion

This rare case suggests the need for timely and aggressive treatment for prostate cancer–associated paraneoplastic nerve syndrome.
The Roles of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation on Psychological Distress: A Longitudinal Panel Study
Authors: Akkuş Koray , Peker Mehmet , Ceren Gökdağ
Published: January 2025

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that interpersonal emotion regulation leads to increased difficulties in intrapersonal emotion regulation, which in turn, leads to general psychological distress utilizing a three‐wave cross‐lagged panel design. Undergraduate students rated self‐report measurements of interpersonal emotion regulation, difficulties in intrapersonal emotion regulation, and psychological distress at baseline (T1, N = 369) and two follow‐up waves (T2 and T3), each separated by 3 months. The results indicated that although some lagged correlations between interpersonal emotion regulation strategies and difficulties in intrapersonal emotion regulation were significant, interpersonal emotion regulation strategies did not prospectively predict difficulties in intrapersonal emotion regulation. Notably, difficulties in intrapersonal emotion regulation significantly predicted psychological distress in subsequent waves. Additionally, psychological distress at T1 predicted distress at T3 through difficulties in intrapersonal emotion regulation at T2. This study is significant as it is the first to test the interpersonal emotion regulation model in a longitudinal design. However, the hypothesized pathway where interpersonal emotion regulation contributes to psychological distress through difficulties in intrapersonal emotion regulation, was not supported.
A Longitudinal Prediction of Suicide Attempts in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Machine Learning Study
Authors: Fortaner‐Uyà Lidia , Monopoli Camilla , Cavicchioli Marco , Calesella Federico , Colombo Federica , Carretta Ilaria , Talè Chiara , Benedetti Francesco , Visintini Raffaele , Maffei Cesare , Vai Benedetta
Published: January 2025

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with a high risk of suicide. Despite several risk factors being known, identifying vulnerable patients in clinical practice remains a challenge so far. The current study aimed at predicting suicide attempts among BPD patients during disorder‐specific psychotherapeutic interventions exploiting machine learning techniques. The study took into account several potential predictors relevant to BPD psychopathology: emotion dysregulation, temperamental and character factors, attachment style, impulsivity, and aggression. The sample included 69 patients with BPD who completed the Temperament and Character Inventory, Attachment Style Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and Aggression Questionnaire at baseline and after 6 months of psychotherapy. To detect future suicide attempts, baseline questionnaires were entered as predictors into an elastic net penalized regression, whose predictive performance was assessed through nested fivefold cross‐validation. At the same time, 5000 iterations of a non‐parametric bootstrap were used to determine predictors’ robustness. The elastic net model discriminating BPD suicide attempters from non‐attempters reached a balanced accuracy of 64.09% and an area under the receiver operating curve of 70.44%. High preoccupation with relationships, harm avoidance, and reward dependence, along with low motor impulsiveness, verbal aggression, cooperativeness, and self‐transcendence were the most contributing predictors. Our findings suggest that interpersonal vulnerability and internalizing factors are the strongest predictors of future suicide attempts in BPD. Machine learning on self‐report psychological scales may be helpful to identify individuals at suicidal risk, potentially helping clinical settings to develop individualized preventive strategies.
Return to sports after unilateral medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy in highly active patients: Analysis of factors affecting functional recovery
Authors: Nakayama Hiroshi , Kanto Ryo , Onishi Shintaro , Iseki Takuya , Nakao Yoshitaka , Tachibana Toshiya , Amai Kenta , Yoshiya Shinichi , Iseki Tomoya
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes following opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) focusing on return to sports in a consecutive series of highly active patients who underwent a unilateral osteotomy procedure.

Methods

Sixty‐three consecutive patients with preoperative Tegner's activity score of five or more who underwent unilateral HTO for varus osteoarthritic knees were included in this study. The clinical results were evaluated using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Score. In radiological assessment, the following parameters were measured in full‐length weight‐bearing radiographs both pre‐ and postoperatively; mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) and joint‐line convergence angle. As regard postoperative functional recovery, inability to return to sports activities and reduction in the activity level on the Tegner scale were considered as failure to return to sports. Potential prognostic factors examined with logistic regression analysis were as follows: age ≥ 70, body mass index > 25, postoperative mTFA > 3° valgus or <0° varus, postoperative mMPTA > 90°, opening gap > 10 mm and Kellgren–Laurence classification (KL) grade 4.

Results

At 2 years after surgery, the KOOS and the IKDC score improved from 231 to 437 and from 34 to 72, respectively, with significant improvements in both scores. As for functional recovery, 50 patients (79.4%) could return to high‐impact sports activities at the presymptomatic level with a mean time period of 8.0 months. Statistical analysis of the prognostic factors showed that postoperative mTFA > 3° valgus, opening gap >10 mm and KL grade 4 were the factors significantly affecting the postoperative return to sports.

Conclusions

Presence of postoperative mTFA > 3° valgus, opening gap >10 mm and KL grade 4 were identified as risk factors impairing postoperative return to high‐impact sports.

Level of Evidence

Level Ⅳ.
Controls on nitrogen export to an ephemeral stream network of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands
Authors: Lancellotti Brittany V. , Hensley David A.
Published: January 2025

Ephemeral streams are important pollutant conduits, but the mechanisms that control nutrient transport to these systems remain unclear. In the US Virgin Islands (USVI), where most streams flow ephemerally, a lack of continuous hydrologic and water quality data limits our understanding of streamflow behavior and its influence on water quality. We therefore assessed the impact of soil moisture and hydrometeorological conditions on nitrogen (N) concentrations within an ephemeral stream on St. Croix, USVI. Stream N concentrations were usually highest during initial flow events, after prolonged dryness, and declined thereafter. Nitrogen increased with shallow antecedent soil moisture and rainfall intensity and decreased with deep soil moisture and baseflow emergence, indicating it was predominantly exported to the stream via surface runoff, as opposed to subsurface leaching. Our results are the first of their kind for the USVI and could be used to improve water quality of freshwater and marine systems.
Calcineurin‐inhibitor induced pain syndrome due to interaction with clarithromycin: A case report
Authors: Inaba Satoshi , Okumura Hisatoshi , Aoki Tatsuya , Kawashima Atsushi
Published: January 2025

Calcineurin inhibitor‐induced pain syndrome (CIPS) is a rare but serious condition characterized by severe lower leg pain, often associated with elevated tacrolimus (TAC) levels. We report the case of a 57‐year‐old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed CIPS following a drug interaction between TAC and clarithromycin (CAM), a common macrolide antibiotic. Discontinuation of TAC led to a rapid resolution of symptoms. This case highlights the importance of monitoring TAC levels and being cautious of drug interactions, especially in primary care settings, to prevent adverse events like CIPS.
The structure and implementation of practice‐integrated foundational professional development programs for hospital pharmacists: a scoping review
Authors: Sim Yu Ting , Kumar Saravana , Marotti Sally , Murray Carolyn
Published: January 2025

Background

Practice‐integrated residency programs are one of the most recognised training platforms for early career development across settings, including hospital pharmacy. They embed a structured education and competency framework and preceptor mentoring systems in the workplace.

Aim

This review aimed to map the global literature on practice‐integrated education and professional development programs for early career hospital pharmacists, with a focus on how the programs were implemented and structured.

Design

A search was applied to electronic databases MEDLINE, Ovid Emcare, Embase, ERIC, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and grey literature sources until 31 December 2023. Search terms were developed in consultation with an academic librarian and using the population, concept and context mnemonic. The scoping review was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review manual.

Results

Forty‐seven papers were included from seven countries, with the majority (n = 33) being from the United States of America. Residency program details were mapped against jurisdictions and associated assessment processes, competency training areas, and focused training elements. Findings report similarities and differences of structural, competency frameworks, and locally driven context and requirements.

Conclusion

The demand from early career pharmacists for residency programs remains high, with professional pharmacy organisations providing leadership to grow training positions. The global pharmacy development goals appear to be embedded within the residency programs, but gaps include training in non‐direct patient care competencies and research that demonstrates the outcomes from residency training.
Consumer perceptions of ‘traditional doenjang’ using a free word association test
Authors: Hwang Ji‐sun , Kim Mina K.
Published: January 2025

Background

Doenjang (fermented soybean paste) is a traditional Korean ingredient that has long been part of Korean cuisine. Commercial, mass‐produced doenjang products are prevalent in the Korean market, and consumer demand for traditionally produced doenjang is steadily decreasing. An understanding of consumers' perceptions of traditional doenjang can serve as a foundation for sales and marketing strategies that are informed by consumer insights. The objective of the current study was to determine consumers' perception of traditional doenjang using a free word association test.

Results

A total of 339 participants responded to the survey, each carefully recruited from a predetermined demographic quota. A total of 906 valid words were elicited, representing 2.67 words per person, and these were categorized into six dimensions and 11 sub‐categories. Significant differences according to residential area were observed in four dimensions: ‘sensory,’ ‘foods,’ ‘health’ and ‘fermentation.’ Overall, the sensory dimension was the most dominant psychological concept relating to traditional doenjang among all consumers.

Conclusion

Consumers' sensory perceptions of traditional doenjang were mostly flavor‐related under sensory dimension such as ‘gu‐soo flavor,’ a well‐aged, and well‐fermented flavor. There was a difference in the perceptions of traditional doenjang according to age and residential area. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of maternal condition, disease status, and behavior on survival of juvenile bighorn sheep
Authors: Bilodeau‐Hussey Nicole M. , Huggler Katey S. , Frances Cassirer E. , Miyasaki Hollie , Hurley Mark A. , Shipley Lisa A. , Long Ryan A.
Published: January 2025

Nutrition integrates and interacts with a variety of biotic and abiotic factors that modulate performance of large‐herbivore populations. Accordingly, studying patterns of herbivore performance through the lens of nutrition can shed light on the complex mechanisms that drive population dynamics. We studied bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and their habitat and quantified relationships among 1) the foodscape (defined herein as spatiotemporal variation in the quality and availability of forage plants); 2) female behavior (i.e., use of the foodscape and rugged escape terrain), condition (% ingesta‐free body fat), and disease status (infection status and antibody levels); and 3) juvenile survival. We conducted intensive vegetation sampling and used generalized additive modeling to map the foodscapes available to bighorn sheep during summer (May–September) over 2 years in 2 population ranges in Idaho, USA: the East Fork of the Salmon River and the Lost River Range. In each study area, we used global positioning system (GPS) collars and field observations to monitor adult female behavior and lamb survival, quantified nutritional condition and disease status of maternal females in late winter, and used known‐fate survival modeling to test for effects of female traits and behavior on lamb survival. Adjusted R2 values for foodscape models ranged from 0.34 to 0.61. Collared females consistently selected rugged escape terrain in both study areas, but we found little evidence of selection for the foodscape. We did not detect any consistent effects of maternal space‐use behavior on lamb survival. In contrast, nutritional condition of females in late winter had a strong, positive effect on summer lamb survival: lambs born to females in relatively good condition (15% ingesta‐free body fat, ~94% probability of lamb survival) were roughly 4 times more likely to survive the summer months than lambs born to females in poor condition (5% ingesta‐free body fat, ~25% probability of lamb survival). In addition, whereas maternal infection with the pathogen Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae had no discernable effect on juvenile survival, lambs born to females that showed no sign of exposure (antibody) to M. ovipneumoniae (~99% probability of survival) were roughly 3 times more likely to survive the summer than lambs born to females that had mounted a strong immune response (35% probability of survival). Our work adds to a growing body of literature linking nutritional condition to juvenile survival and other key vital rates, and highlights the importance of efforts to better understand the role of nutrition in the context of disease and other factors limiting performance of herbivore populations.
Aptasensor‐based point‐of‐care detection of cardiac troponin biomarkers for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Vairaperumal Tharmaraj , Liu Ping‐Yen
Published: January 2025

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) represents a critical health challenge characterized by a significant reduction in blood flow to the heart, leading to high rates of mortality and morbidity. Cardiac troponins, specifically cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T, are essential proteins involved in cardiac muscle contraction and serve as vital biomarkers for the diagnosis of AMI. Aptasensors utilize synthetic aptamers or peptides with high affinity for specific biomarkers and offer a promising approach for integration into portable, user‐friendly point‐of‐care (POC) applications. This review explores recent advances in POC aptasensor‐based platforms for the rapid detection of cardiac troponin biomarkers. Furthermore, this review addresses current challenges and potential future directions in the development of aptasensor. Also, it highlights their potential to improve timely and accurate diagnosis in clinical and emergency settings.
Grating‐based x‐ray dark‐field mammography: Assessing complementary imaging information in simple cystic lesions and typical fibroadenoma
Authors: Hellerhoff Karin , Gottwald Wolfgang , Taphorn Kirsten , Berthe Daniel , Braun Michael , Wagner Kai , Resch Sandra , John Dominik , Heck Lisa , Birnbacher Lorenz , Herzen Julia , Grandl Susanne
Published: January 2025

Background

A significant proportion of false positive recalls of mammography‐screened women is due to benign breast cysts and simple fibroadenomas. These lesions appear mammographically as smooth‐shaped dense masses and require the recalling of women for a breast ultrasound to obtain complementary imaging information. They can be identified safely by ultrasound with no need for further assessment or treatment.

Purpose

Grating‐based x‐ray dark‐field breast imaging allows contrast formation based on both attenuation and small‐angle x‐ray scattering and provides complementary imaging information in one single acquisition.

Methods

Experiments with ex‐vivo mastectomy samples were performed with a three‐grating Talbot‐Lau interferometer using a laboratory‐based polychromatic x‐ray source. Attenuation and dark‐field images were correlated to clinical mammography and complementary diagnostic imaging techniques.

Results

Benign breast lesions with homogeneous internal structures such as fibroadenomas and simple fluid‐filled cysts, typically presenting as dense breast lesions in standard mammography, showed a signal drop in the dark‐field image. Complicated cysts provided a higher dark‐field signal.

Conclusions

The results presented show that grating‐based x‐ray dark‐field mammography could provide complementary imaging information in one single acquisition, eliminating the need for a second examination to identify harmless cysts and simple fibroadenomas.
Melt‐impregnation and sizing optimization for the fabrication of high‐performance 3D printed continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone filaments
Authors: Yu Xiao , Zheng Jinghua , Chen Yiwei , Fan Congze , Song Wenzhe , Shan Zhongde
Published: January 2025

Continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone (CCF/PEEK) possesses superior mechanical and physicochemical properties, making it highly desirable for engineering applications. While 3D printing offers cost‐effective and efficient manufacturing for CCF/PEEK, current filaments have low fiber content and poor mechanical properties, limiting the performance of printed parts. To improve this, we first investigated the effects of the melt impregnation process parameters on the quality of CCF/PEEK filament. The evolution of the filament properties was examined by conducting mechanical tests, thermal performance characterization, and microscopic morphology observations. The optimized process parameters resulted in a filament tensile strength of 1274.6 MPa. This paper also developed a fiber‐sizing device to improve the filament formation process and investigated the impact of the sizing agent formulation on the tensile strength. Atomic force microscopy, surface element analysis, and surface energy calculations revealed that the sizing treatment enhanced the interfacial bonding properties between CF and PEEK. Specifically, we found that mechanical interlocking, hydrogen bond formation, and wetting behavior enhanced the interfacial bonding between CF and PEEK to yield a post‐sizing filament tensile strength of 1589.6 MPa. These enhancements support further advancement of engineering applications for continuous fiber‐reinforced composite 3D printing technology.

Highlights

Development of a continuous CCF/PEEK filaments forming device.

CCF/PEEK filament tensile strength reached 1589.6 MPa.

Fiber‐sizing device for optimal filament formation.

Optimization of carbon‐fiber sizing and melt impregnation.

High carbon fiber/PEEK interfacial bonding.
Polyamide recycling by selective dissolution approach: Life Cycle Assessment study and environmental impacts comparison with different recycling technologies
Authors: Tonsi Giulia , Caccia Martina , Maesani Cristiano , Simon Ostan Paolo , Ortenzi Marco Aldo , Alini Stefano , Pirola Carlo
Published: January 2025

Polyamide 6 (PA6) is a material extensively utilized thanks to its high mechanical and thermal properties, but its widespread use has raised concerns about its environmental impact, especially because polyamides are often coupled with other materials that hinder recyclability. Recycling techniques currently at industrial scale are mechanical and chemical recycling, but the high temperatures and harsh chemicals involved generate impurities that complicate the process, leading the waste materials to disposal. Solvent‐based recycling may offer a solution allowing non‐nylon‐coupled material separation at milder process conditions, but no industrial data and few studies concerning its environmental impacts are available. This work reports the Life Cycle Assessment of polyamide selective dissolution recycling, analyzing different process configuration scenarios, where the precipitation of PA6 is induced either by the addition of an antisolvent or by solvent evaporation, also exploring the possibility to valorize the non‐nylon‐coupled material. A comparison between mechanical, chemical, and solvent‐based recycling is made in terms of applicability and environmental impacts, all calculated considering renewable energy sources. Solvent‐based recycling approach from an environmental point of view resulted as industrially feasible, where best environmental performing process configuration results in solvent evaporation‐induced PA6 precipitation, with a global warming potential between chemical and mechanical recycling.

Highlights

Dissolution recycling is an innovative process to treat mixed plastic waste.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis is useful to evaluate the industrial feasibility of a new process.

LCA of dissolution recycling considering different configurations was evaluated.

Comparative LCA analysis of current PA6 recycling methods with solvent‐based one.

Dissolution recycling can be considered a valid alternative for PA6 recycling.