bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective diagnosis of COVID-19 following the detection of central retinal artery occlusion
Authors: Lekha T. , Thomas Rosina , Giridhar Anantharaman , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh
Published: May 2024

Thromboembolic complications are being increasingly reported in patients with COVID-19 due to the associated hypercoagulability and are an important cause for morbidity and mortality. Retinal vascular occlusions especially arterial occlusions are one of the gravest ocular complications reported. This complication may occur in severe cases with cytokine storm or even in mild or asymptomatic patients and presentation can be anytime from few days to weeks after the onset of symptoms. Ophthalmologists should be aware of this new etiology when dealing with patients having features of retinal vascular occlusions and should investigate for the same in this pandemic situation. Although reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction is the diagnostic test for COVID-19, serological assays have a role in patients with delayed presentation. We describe the clinical features and multimodal imaging findings in a patient who presented with features of central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal artery sparing wherein his ophthalmic condition led to the diagnosis of previously undetected COVID-19 through serology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of a case of isolated central retinal artery occlusion leading to a retrospective diagnosis of COVID-19.
Review of incidental ocular pathologies detected during the screening of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants
Authors: Dabir Supriya , Mohankumar Arthi , Munusamy Sivakumar , Rajan Mohan , Azad Rajvardhan
Published: May 2024

AIM:

The aim of the study was to report the spectrum of ocular pathologies other than retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) occurring in preterm babies, suggesting the need for universal screening in all babies.

METHODS:

Babies born before 34 weeks of gestational age (GA) and/or weighing <2000 g were screened at around 4 weeks of postnatal age and those born before 28 weeks of GA and weighing <1200 g were examined at 2–3 weeks of postnatal age. Babies between 34 and 36 weeks of GA or birth weight of 1750–2000 g with additional risk factors were also screened. Pupils were dilated using a fixed dose combination of 0.4% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine. The babies underwent retinal imaging using the 3nethra neo camera, Forus, India, by a skilled ophthalmic photographer.

RESULTS:

A total of 1437 preterm babies were screened in an outreach project which spanned 18 hospitals equipped with neonatal intensive care centers (neonatal intensive care units) in an urban setting during the study period. A total of 4339 screening sessions were conducted. Of these infants, 754 (52.47%) were male and 683 (47.52%) were female babies. Among the enrolled infants, 165 (12.16%) had ocular findings other than ROP. Of the 165 cases, 70 (42.42%) were anterior segment and globe pathologies, whereas the remaining 95 (57.57%) were posterior segment pathologies.

CONCLUSION:

Timely screening helps in identifying and managing potentially vision-threatening pathologies including ROP. This will help reduce the burden of childhood blindness worldwide.
Spectacle compliance postcataract surgery significantly improved vision function-related quality of life of adult patients in India: Evidence from a multicenter longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Vishwakarma Pankaj , Sundararaj Lijiraj , Chavan Shobhana , Mondal Amit , Ranpise Dhanaji , Sudhir Rachapalle Reddi , Kumar S. G. Prem , Kurian Elizabeth ,   MFV Qol Study Team
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cataract is the leading cause of avoidable blindness globally. This study aims to measure the changes in Vision function-related quality of life (VFQoL) before and after cataract surgery and identify the predictors of an improvement in these outcomes.

METHODS:

A multicenter, longitudinal cohort study was conducted. Patients with first eye cataracts were interviewed before and 6 months after cataract surgery. Multiple classification analysis (MCA) was performed to assess variation in the intensities of mean change scores for general function, psychosocial impact, and visual function with select factors.

RESULTS:

A total of 747 participated in the baseline assessment. The 6-month follow-up rate was 86.5%. The mean general function, psychosocial impact, and visual function scores were 35.3 (±8.6), 12.5 (±3.4), and 8.3 (±3) in the baseline and 17 (±5.3), 6 (±2.2) and 3.8 (±1.3) in the follow-up assessments, respectively. In MCA, patients using spectacles postsurgery (β 0.111) and those having a very good postoperative visual acuity (β 0.098) had the most impact on general function. Patients reporting no ocular complaints postsurgery had a relatively higher effect on the psychosocial impact, (β 0.168) and similarly, patients using spectacles postsurgery and those aged 70 and older had the most impact on the visual function scores (β 0.146 and 0.126), respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Cataract surgery is associated with meaningful improvements in vision and VFQoL in general. The determinants of better VFQoL include the usage of spectacles postsurgery. Strategies to further improve patient participation in postoperative review visits are needed for spectacle provision and patient education regarding spectacle use and compliance is imparted during such visits.
Plateau iris syndrome: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment: A narrative review
Authors: Hoyos Carlos Eduardo Rivera , Ferreira Maria Catalina , Libreros-Peña Laura , Shah Muhammad Ahsan , Aristizabal Juan Carlos , Muñoz Edgar , Seth Ankur
Published: May 2024

Plateau iris syndrome (PIS) was first coined in 1958 to describe the iris configuration of a patient, 2 years later; the concept of plateau iris was published. In 1992, the anatomic aspects of plateau iris were studied using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) determining it as a form of primary angle-closure glaucoma caused by a large or anteriorly positioned ciliary body that leads to mechanical obstruction of the trabecular meshwork, this condition is most often found in young patients. We aim to review the current literature and knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment options of PIS; the search was conducted in PubMed, LILACS, and BIREME internet search sites using keywords and snowball search strategy of articles published until 2022, focusing on PIS history, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, UBM feature, and treatment.
Evaluation of visual evoked potential in chronic myeloid leukemias
Authors: Agrawal Avishkar , Aggarwal Sunita , Singh Ranvijay , Goyal Jawaharlal , Garg Sandeep
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Visual complaint is not very uncommon in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Our study aims to evaluate the visual pathway using visual evoked potential (VEP) in cases of CML at the time of diagnosis and 6 weeks after tyrosine kinase therapy, to find out treatment impact in asymptomatic as well as symptomatic individuals and compare it with the general population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is an analytical cross-sectional study. The study group comprised 20 newly diagnosed cases of CML and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control population. A thorough history and clinical examination with detailed ophthalmological studies, including VEP, were done. Cases who had VEP abnormalities were then followed-up after 6 weeks post-Imatinib therapy and underwent repeat investigations, including VEP.

RESULTS:

VEP in cases was significantly deranged (P < 0.001), where 15 patients (75%) had abnormalities in VEP compared to 3 (15%) in control. Post 6 weeks chemotherapy, Out of 10 cases that were followed up, 7 patients had achieved hematological remission with normal VEP finding (P = 0.02). Simultaneously, an increase in hemoglobin (P = 0.002) and reduction in total leukocyte count (TLC) (P = 0.004) were observed.

CONCLUSION:

Considerable evidence appear to support the notion that CML patients have a higher prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations as compared to the general population, which can be screened earlier with objective tests like VEP. Concurrently, hematological parameters and VEP showed derangement at the time of diagnosis. After 6 weeks of Imatinib treatment, the improvement in VEP can then be attributed to a reduction in TLC. Hence it can be deduced that VEP has paramount importance in the early identification of ophthalmic manifestations, which are reversible with timely treatment.
The spatiotemporal gait parameters among people with visual impairment: A literature review study
Authors: Kahaki Zeinab Rasouli , Safarpour Ali Reza , Daneshmandi Hadi
Published: May 2024

Gait is an individual’s walking pattern, and it is a significant part of daily living activities. Quantitative gait assessments, like spatiotemporal parameters (STPs), are related to the functional conditions to provide useful information. This study reviewed the comprehensive differences in spatiotemporal gait variability measures between visually impaired people and the sighted. The search strategy was performed in three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus) from the start date to October 2022, and the utilized keywords for this search are related to gait and blindness. This review considered only those studies that evaluated gait parameters in people with visual impairment and blind people without any limitations in age and gender. In this review, studies without a control group (sighted people) were excluded. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied for critical appraisal. Six full manuscripts were included. The sample size ranged from 19 to 91. The mean modified NOS critical appraisal scores for cross-sectional studies were 6.0. In these studies, among nine STPs: stride length, walking speed, stance and swing phase, step width, cadence, step length, double support, and single support, at least five and at most seven factors were examined. The gait pattern of blind and low-vision people is characterized by a slower walking speed, shorter stride length, increased step width, decreased cadence, prolonged duration of double support, and reduced single support compared to the controls.
Bibliometric analyses of global output on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Cabanillas-Lazo Miguel , Mauricio-Vilchez Cesar , Munive-Degregori Arnaldo , Barja-Ore John , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a neuroimmune disease, i.e. under constant research. The aim of this bibliometric study is to perform a bibliometric indicator analysis of the worldwide academic production of NMOSD during the period 2017–2021.

METHODS:

A bibliographic search was assessed in the Scopus database to identify NMOSD-related articles published during the period 2017–2021. Collected publications were exported and analyzed in Scival (Elsevier). Bibliographic data were described through absolute values and percentages in descriptive tables. VOSviewer was used to visualize collaborative networks.

RESULTS:

A total of 1920 documents were collected, and the highest percentage of these belonged to the area of neurology. Friedemann Paul was the author with the highest scientific production, but Brian Weinshenker had the greatest impact worldwide. Three of the institutions with the highest production were North American. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders were the journal with the highest production of publications. Most papers were published in Q1 or Q2 journals.

CONCLUSION:

NMOSD-related articles are mostly published in first and second quartile journals, which would reflect a high interest of the scientific community. Publications with international collaboration reported a higher impact. Although African and South American regions have considerable prevalence of this disease, they do not have institutions with high productivity developing research on this disease.
Primary unilateral conjunctival small lymphocytic lymphoma in a child: Case report and literature review
Authors: Al Jabri Samira , Laiq Simin , Matah Preeti , Al Salmi Mohammed , Al Saadi Maimuna , Al Hajri Zahra
Published: May 2024

Ocular adnexal lymphomas (OALs) are extranodal lymphomas primarily involving the ocular adnexa, which includes the conjunctiva. OALs are considered primary if the involvement of lymphoma is confined to the ocular adnexa alone and secondary if there is lymphoma of the identical type present at another site. Conjunctival lymphomas are uncommon in children, with very few reported cases in published literature, none of which were small lymphocytic lymphomas (SLLs). We report a case of SLL confined to the conjunctiva, in a 15-year-old child, with full pediatric oncology examination, including full body positron emission tomography (PET) scan, revealing no other site involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported of a child with primary unilateral conjunctival SLL.
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery
Authors: Boral Subhendu Kumar , Agarwal Deepak , Mohanta Ayan
Published: May 2024

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has not been reported till date. We described the first case of RRD after FLACS. A 29-year-old male presented with complaints of sudden, painless dimness of vision in the left eye (LE) for the past 2 days. He was operated for refractive lens exchange in both eyes for high myopia using FLACS 3 months back. On examination, his LE vision was perception of light and accurate projection of rays with fundus showing bullous RRD. His right eye fundus was absolutely normal with 20/20 vision. A 25-gauge vitrectomy was performed in LE. The retina was settled with silicone oil (1300 centistokes) endotamponade. After 4 weeks, the patient gained 20/60 vision in LE with attached retina under silicone oil. RRD is a potential complication following FLACS and thus frequent follow-ups are required for high-risk patients after FLACS.
Ocular hypertension and its predictor after a single Ozurdex implant
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum , Shiva Swathi , Balakrishna Nagalla
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

To determine the incidence and risk factors for an increase in the intraocular pressure (IOP) after a single dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Medical records of 41 consecutive eyes who had received a single 0.7 mg Ozurdex implant for the various vitreoretinal pathology, between March 2015 and April 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Ocular hypertension (OHT) was defined as IOP of >22 mmHg or an increase in the IOP of >6 mmHg from the baseline. Univariate regression analysis was used to measure the predictor of OHT after the implant.

RESULTS:

Among the 41 eyes, who received a single Ozurdex intravitreal implant, 6/41 (14.6%) of the injected eyes had OHT, with the peak of IOP at 1 month after the injection when compared with the baseline IOP. Eight eyes (19.5%) had preexisting glaucoma or OHT, and 4/8 (50%) of them developed sustained elevation of IOP after the injection. Two eyes had transient OHT, a day after the implant, which did not require any treatment. All the eyes were managed with topical antiglaucoma medications and none required surgery to control the IOP. Preexisting OHT or glaucoma was found to be a significant risk factor for OHT after the Ozurdex injection (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION:

Patients with preexisting OHT or glaucoma have an increased risk of OHT following the Ozurdex implant and hence needs to be informed of the possible risk. Follow-up at a regular interval is mandatory to monitor and recognize OHT early and treat it appropriately.
Tractional retinal detachment and juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioma in a 6-year-old girl
Authors: Benvenuto Franco , Sgroi Mariana , Lamas Gabriela , Gonzalez Luis Diaz , Fandiño Adriana
Published: May 2024

A 6-year-old girl with visual impairment in the right eye (OD) was referred for an eye evaluation. The fundus of the OD showed a fibrotic orange endophytic lesion located adjacent to the optic disc. In retinal optical coherence tomography, a local tractional retinal detachment and choroidal neovascular membrane were observed together also with the presence of subretinal fluid. Due to the vision of the OD evolved to nonlight perception in the following exam, enucleation was performed. The pathology report was correlated with hemangioblastoma. Herein, we describe a case of a young girl with a retinal hemangioblastoma with quick evolution and without prior systemic diagnosis.
Assessment of the effects of white cane variables on step symmetry of blind individuals
Authors: Rasouli Kahaki Zeinab , Razeghi Mohsen , Karimi Mohammad Taghi , Sanjari Mohammad Ali , Safarpour Ali Reza , Choobineh Alireza
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Step symmetry is an important feature of human gait and is often regarded as a key index of healthy individuals’ walking. This study evaluated the effects of height, white cane technique, and cane tip on symmetrical gait in blind individuals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Twenty blind and ten sighted subjects, aged 15–38 years, participated in this study. The harmonic ratio (HR) and improved HR (iHR) were measured by trunk accelerometer as gait symmetry index in three axes: anteroposterior (AP), vertical, and mediolateral of the body. These parameters were measured in the sighted group in open-eye conditions and in the blind group in five experimental conditions with different two heights (standard and long), two tips (pencil and roller), and two techniques (two-point touch and constant contact) of white cane when they walked in the 6-m path.

RESULTS:

There was a significant difference between HR and iHR of the blind and sighted group, which indicates a significant reduction of symmetry loss in the blind group. Among the five different conditions studied in the group of blind people, an increase was observed in the HR and the iHR on the AP axis during the application of a standard cane with a roller tip, which indicated an increase in symmetry.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the results, a long cane with a pencil tip and a standard cane with a roller tip in the constant contact technique can increase step symmetry.
A unique case of a recurrent extraosseous ossifying fibroma of the orbit: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Trifonova Kalina Zlatkova , Slaveykov Kiril S. , Dzhelebov Dimitar N. , Valkanov Stefan P.
Published: May 2024

The aim is to present a unique clinical case of a 62-year-old male with an ossifying fibroma (OF) in the left orbit. He presented with a slow-growing mass with bone consistency which easily shifted with palpation. After removal, it was given the histopathological diagnosis of osteoma. However, the lesion grew back rapidly and it became even larger 4 months later. After a computed tomography scan with a contrast medium, another surgery was performed. The histopathological diagnosis of the recurrent lesion was an epidermal cyst with secondary degenerative changes. As both diagnoses did not fit the clinical picture, we sent the material from both surgeries for a secondary assessment. The final histopathological diagnosis was OF. OF should be included in the differential diagnosis of benign lesions in the orbit with aggressive behavior.
Iatrogenic nasolacrimal duct obstruction after adnexal intervention
Authors: Mukherjee Bipasha , Gudkar Avriel Isaac , Nair Akshay Gopinathan , Poonam Nisar Sonam , Alam Md. Shahid
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:

Isolated cases of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) secondary to rhino-orbito-facial reconstructive surgeries have been reported previously. We report the clinical profiles and management outcomes of a series of patients with iatrogenic INDO.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Case records of all patients who presented with secondary NLDO over 5 years were retrospectively analyzed. The case series included seven patients with NLDO secondary to orbito-facial surgeries.

RESULTS:

The study included six males and one female patient with a mean age of 29 ± 12.58 years. All the patients had a history of road traffic accidents following which they underwent an open reduction and internal fixation by maxilla-facial surgeons. All of them presented to the Ophthalmology outpatient department with epiphora following the surgical intervention. Imaging revealed the implants were responsible for obstructing the nasolacrimal ducts in all seven cases. Five patients underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy while dacryocystectomy was performed in two. Implant removal was necessary for five patients without any compromise on the structural integrity of the orbital walls.

CONCLUSION:

Precise knowledge of the orbital anatomy, especially that of the lacrimal drainage system is imperative for surgeons performing surgeries in the midface area. A multidisciplinary approach and inclusion of surgeons trained in lacrimal surgeries can prevent such avoidable complications.
Unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion with vitreous hemorrhage mimicking Terson’s syndrome
Authors: Pattnaik Lolly , Mehra Lipika , Pareek Deergha , Panigrahi Pradeep Kumar
Published: May 2024

We report a case of unilateral traumatic vitreous hemorrhage following injury to the anterior cranium. A 55-year-old female presented with gradual loss of vision in her left eye following trauma to the anterior cranium. Funduscopy revealed fresh vitreous hemorrhage. Conservative management was futile with further visual deterioration over the next 2 weeks. During pars plana vitrectomy, fresh retinal hemorrhages were noted along the superotemporal (ST) vein suggesting bleed due to vein rupture. Postoperative fundus fluorescein angiography indicated ST branch retinal vein occlusion. Since trauma can be an inciting factor for both, this case could be a variant of Terson’s syndrome.
Intractable hiccups, nausea, and vomiting, an unnerving cause of vision loss
Authors: Kumar Shanmugam Mahesh , Venkatraman Vaishali , Kowsalya Akkayasamy , Narayanamoorthy Jayasri , Jayasudha Marappan
Published: May 2024

Acute optic neuritis (ON) is caused by variety of complex disorders that can be differentiated with the help of history, radiology, and serology. Identification of nonneurological symptoms that occur before the demyelinating event aids in timely diagnosis and prevention of further neurological attacks. We describe a case of unilateral ON with a history of intractable hiccups, nausea, and vomiting, wherein the possibility of area postrema syndrome (APS) was overlooked until the development of visual symptoms. APS recently identified as a hallmark of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is a rare neurologic cause of gastrointestinal symptoms. This atypical presentation of APS results from autoantibodies directed against the aquaporin-4 rich sites, such as area postrema. This case brings to light the importance of eliciting history of intractable hiccups, nausea, and vomiting in a patient with ON. Despite being a commonly encountered symptom, it may rarely raise a suspicion for neuromyelitis optica.
A prospective study on epidemiology of dacryocystitis at a tertiary eye care center in Northern India
Authors: Khatoon Joohi , Rizvi Syed Ali Raza , Gupta Yogesh , Alam Md. Shahid
Published: May 2024

AIM:

The aim of this study is to study the prevalence, incidence, and the epidemiological characteristics of the patients of acquired dacryocystitis at a tertiary eye care center of Northern India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

It was a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out over a period of 2 years (July 2016–July 2018). The prevalence, incidence, and the epidemiological characteristics of acquired dacryocystitis were studied and analyzed. Chi-square test was used to test the qualitative distribution.

RESULTS:

A total of 212 cases were included in the study. The prevalence rate of dacryocystitis was 19.5 cases per 10,000 patients, and the incidence rate was 15 cases per 10,000 patients. Chronic dacryocystitis (183; 86.30%) was more commonly encountered clinical type than acute dacryocystitis. Majority of cases (204; 96.23%) were due to the primary acquired nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction, whereas eight cases (3.78%) were due to the secondary acquired NLD obstruction. Females were more commonly affected (156; 73.58%). The mean age was 44.44 ± 18.95 (range: 12–86) years. Majority of the patients 108 (50.94%) belonged to 3rd–6th decades of life. The disease was more prevalent in people belonging to lower-middle socioeconomic class (92; 43.40%) living in rural areas (130; 61.32%) and the majority of them were housewives (125; 59%).

CONCLUSIONS:

The incidence and prevalence of acquired dacryocystitis were 15 and 19.5 cases per 10,000 patients. It was much more common in females of lower socioeconomic status and is seen commonly in the 3rd to 6th decades of life.
Orbital cholesterol granuloma: Case report and literature review
Authors: Al-Kalbani Humaid , Al Kalbani Marwah , Al Abri Hisham , Al Muqaimi Nada , Rizvi Syed Ali Raza
Published: May 2024

Cholesterol granuloma is a chronic foreign-body inflammatory response that is often seen in the middle ear, mastoid antrum, and petrous apex. However, it can also occur in other anatomical locations, including the orbit. A 34-year-old male presented with painless nonaxial proptosis of the left eye, and imaging revealed a well-defined intraorbital extraconal lesion consistent with an orbital cholesterol granuloma. The pathogenesis of this rare cystic condition is unknown, but trauma and inadequate airflow through pneumatized temporal bone air cells have been proposed as potential triggers. Treatment involves total excision of the granuloma with careful removal of residual tissue adherent to the bone and the periosteum to minimize the risk of recurrence. Cholesterol granulomas usually have a good prognosis.
A cross-sectional study on the complications of inferotemporal laser peripheral iridotomy
Authors: Prathapan Manoj , Rughani Shreeya Pareshbhai , Shyam Praveena , Shah Kannisha Nainesh , Sujithra H. , Pillai Gopal S.
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of dysphotopsia and other associated complications after inferotemporal laser peripheral iridotomy (IT-LPI).

METHODS:

This is a cross-sectional study on patients who underwent IT-LPI with neodymium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser who were followed up for a minimum of 3 months.

RESULTS:

In our study, out of a total of 116 patients, new-onset dysphotopsia was reported in 6.03% and significant pain during the procedure in 12.93% of patients. Other complications noticed were photophobia in 29.31% (34/116), rise in intraocular pressure at the end of 3 months in 1.72%, pigment dispersion in 0.86%, epiretinal membrane formation in 04.31%, and cystoid macular edema in 1.72%. No patients had hyphema or diplopia.

CONCLUSIONS:

The incidence of dysphotopsia following IT-LPI was relatively low in our study and was comparable to the superior PI under full lid cover from the literature. Although dysphotopsia rates were not superior, no patient developed hyphema, which could be due to the remoteness of the laser spot to the larger blood vessels located at 3 and 9 o'clock positions. Furthermore, the procedure was well tolerated as significant pain was reported by only less than a quarter of the patients. Hence, IT-LPI can be considered an easy to perform, safe, and comfortable procedure for the patient.
Comparison of root canal transportation and centering after instrumentation through conservative and traditional access cavities using different file systems
Authors: Kadhim Samer Abbas , Mahdee Anas Falah , Ali Ahmed Hamid
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

While conservative access preparations could increase fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth, it may influence the shape of the prepared root canal. The aim of this study was to compare the prepared canal transportation and centering ability after continuous rotation or reciprocation instrumentation in teeth accessed through traditional or conservative endodontic cavities by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

Forty extracted intact, matured, and 2-rooted human maxillary first premolars were selected for this study. Teeth were equally divided into two groups according to the access cavity design (traditional or conservative). Each group (n = 20) was further subdivided according to instrumentation technique (n = 10) into rotary 2 shape and reciprocation R-motion file subgroups. The teeth were scanned pre and post instrumentation using Planmeca ProMax to obtain two CBCT images for each sample. Images were analyzed and root canal transportation and centering ability were calculated for both buccal and palatal roots at three levels from their apices (3, 5 to 7 mm).

Results:

Although conservative access cavities showed more canal transportation and less centering ability than the traditional one, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between them at all levels. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference has been identified in the same parameter between the two instrumentation techniques (continuous rotation and reciprocation) (P > 0.05). However, longer instrumentation time was measured in the conservative group compared to traditional.

Conclusion:

The size of endodontic access cavity has no effect on root canal transportation and centering ability when instrumentation was performed using 2 shape and R-motion file systems.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of endodontic access and subsequent restorations on crown retention
Authors: Mahmoud Reem , Almolhem Arruh , Alomari Sawsan , Babader Rahaf , Alghamdi Faisal
Published: May 2024

Studies suggest that endodontic access cavity (EAC) can decrease the retention of crowns. However, there is no clear evidence that restoring EAC effects on crown retention. Thus, the main objective of this narrative review is to assess several materials applied for restoring EAC to different crowns in anterior or posterior teeth, as well as the effect of each material on crown retention. An electronic search for studies published until December 31, 2021, was conducted using the four databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Researchers selected in vitro studies that investigated the crown retention before and after resorting EAC of anterior or posterior teeth. Exclusively, in vitro studies were considered for assessment. Five papers were selected for the final analysis from the 126 identified during the initial search. Our outcomes illustrated that no significant differences in outcomes between the restorative materials after the endodontic treatment. The findings of this narrative review suggest that crown retention can increase after restoring endodontic access cavities. Finally, the available data indicated that restoring EAC could increase the crown retention more than the original crown. Nevertheless, the prefabricated crown resistance could be more affected by the type of restorative material used inside the EAC following endodontic treatment than retention. Additional clinical and radiological measures are needed.
Does periodontal ligament removal using natural proteolytic enzymes alter the surface structure and microhardness of cementum of avulsed tooth? An in vitro analysis
Authors: Taneja Sonali , Dudeja Chetna , Bhalla Vidhi Kiran , Taneja Punya
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Surface treatment of avulsed tooth must be directed towards the debridement of necrotic periodontal fibers while having no effect on the cementum microhardness. The role of proteolytic enzymes on the periodontal ligament (PDL) surface and hardness of cementum has not been investigated in the literature.

Aim:

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 10% bromelain, 10% papain and 10% panzyme on root surface topography and microhardness of avulsed teeth.

Materials and Methods:

Forty healthy premolars were freshly extracted and randomly allocated into five treatment groups based on the surface agent employed; Group 1: 50 ml saline, Group 2:20 ml of 5.25% NaOCl, Group 3: 20 ml of 10% bromelain enzyme, Group 4: 20 ml of 10% papain enzyme, and Group 5: 20 ml of 10% mixed panzyme enzyme. The specimens were then subjected to confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopic examination. Supplemental set of freshly extracted forty premolars were decoronated longitudinally and one-half from each specimen was submitted for Vickers microhardness testing before and after application of the above-mentioned agents.

Statistical Analysis:

Intragroup comparison of mean percentage hardness reduction was assessed using paired t-test.

Results:

Treatment with NaOCl led to complete removal of PDL fibers with the presence of cracks and crazes on the root surface along with a significant reduction in microhardness. Bromelain and papain revealed regular and even distribution, while few PDL fibers were evident with papain. Panzyme revealed a shiny surface with minute cracks and a significant reduction in microhardness.

Conclusion:

Ten percentage bromelain for 10 min was effective in the removal of necrotic PDL fibers and preserved the cementum integrity better.
Selection of the best endodontic treatment option using data mining
Authors: Baghban Alireza Akbarzadeh , Zayeri Farid , Eghbal Mohammad Jafar , Parhizkar Ardavan , Asgary Saeed
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The presence of postendodontic pain is an important issue, which can affect the patients' quality of life. Appropriate treatment selection, based on specific characteristics (e.g., clinical test results and patients' demographics), may reduce postendodontic pain. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of data mining algorithms in longitudinal data of postendodontic pain and treatment allocation to predict the best treatment option.

Materials and Methods:

The pain data of an original multicenter randomized clinical trial with two study arms, pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (PMTA) (n = 188) and root canal therapy (RCT) (n = 168), were used. The linear mixed-effects model and predictive algorithms were fitted in accordance with the personal characteristics of patients and diagnostic test results to determine the best treatment option. Using SPSS 23, SAS 9.1, and WEKA 3.6.9, the preferred treatment was identified via comparing the areas below the receiver operating characteristic curves and identifying the most appropriate algorithm. In addition, a decision tree was used to allocate the best type of treatment modality to reduce posttreatment pain.

Results:

For

<

18-year-old patients with irreversible pulpitis (IP) based on cold test and >18-year-old patients whose electrical pulp test (EPT) exhibited IP, the chosen treatment would be RCT (P < 0.05). However, for >18-year-old patients with IP based on cold test and <18-year-old patients whose EPT revealed IP, the recommended treatment would be PMTA (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The decision tree model seems to be able to predict the reduction of postendodontic pain in ~65% of patients if they receive optimal treatment.
Assessment of the relative efficacy of fluoridated toothpaste with and without eggshell-derived calcium oxide in the prevention of primary tooth enamel demineralization
Authors: Remi R. V. , Shankarappa Prathibha Rani , Anantharaj A. , Praveen P. , Sudhir R.
Published: May 2024

Background:

During the cariogenic challenges, the anticaries action of fluoride is limited by the bioavailability of calcium and phosphate in saliva. This mandates the use of additional extrinsic sources of calcium and phosphate to enhance the anticaries potential of fluoride.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of fluoridated toothpaste with and without eggshell-derived calcium oxide in the prevention of primary tooth enamel demineralization.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty samples were obtained from 15 extracted primary second molars and allocated to one of four groups: Group A for baseline Vickers hardness testing, Group B was subjected to demineralization only, Group C was treated with fluoridated toothpaste solution, and Group D was treated with fluoridated toothpaste and chicken eggshell powder solution. Surface microhardness and the amount of calcium that was leached into the demineralizing solutions of groups B, C, and D were statistically assessed after 7 days of pH cycling.

Results:

The mean Vickers hardness values of groups A, B, C, and D were 402.68, 366.28, 392.79, and 395.27, respectively. The mean calcium concentration released into demineralizing solution of groups B, C, and D were 35.52, 29.12, and 27.12, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the fluoridated toothpaste with and without eggshell powder.

Conclusion:

Both fluoridated toothpaste with and without eggshell-derived calcium oxide were equally effective in the prevention of primary tooth enamel demineralization.
Prevalence of pulp stones using digital panoramic radiograph
Authors: Indrapriyadharshini Jawahar , Sharma Ayyapan Narendira , Vineeth Ramanathan , Surenthar Mouttoukichenin , Mohanapriya Satyanarayanan , Srinivasan Subramanian Vasudevan
Published: May 2024

Background:

Isolated calcified masses found in the pulpal space of teeth are called pulp stones (PS). Different populations demonstrate a varied prevalence of PS.

Aim:

The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the prevalence of PS in the Pondicherry population, along with its relationships with gender, age, tooth type, and location using digital panoramic radiographs.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred good-quality digital panoramic radiographs of healthy individuals between 18 and 70 years were selected from the records of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. PS were recognized as well-defined dense radiopaque masses in the intrapulpal space. Two examiners independently analyzed the radiographs for the presence of PS.

Results:

Out of 100 radiographs, PS were found in 54 radiographs. Males showed a higher incidence (57.4%) than females (42.6%). Furthermore, patients between 20 and 35 years showed a greater prevalence (64.81%) and the incidence was higher in the maxillary arch (70%) than the mandibular arch (30%) with the right side being more frequent. In addition, first molars showed a greater overall prevalence.

Conclusion:

It was found that the prevalence of PS was 54%. Digital panoramic radiographs can be used as a preliminary investigative technique for the identification of PS.
Association of muscle health impairment and atherosclerosis with major osteoporotic fracture risk in Taiwanese Vegetarians
Authors: Chen Chia-Ching , Teng Li-Yun , Chien Sou-Hsin , Tsai Sen-Wei
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Despite the beneficial effects of “vegetarian style” diet on atherosclerosis, it is also proven potentially detrimental to bone health. The influence of muscle health or atherosclerosis on major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) risk in vegetarians has rarely been explored. This prospective study aimed to investigate an association of MOF risk with muscle health and atherosclerosis in vegetarians.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a questionnaire survey with the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) on 39 vegetarians. The 10-year probability of MOF was determined using the Taiwanese Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX®) calculator. Appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) mass and bone mineral density were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical performance was evaluated using the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Common carotid artery intima–media thickness (ccIMT) was determined using sonography. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), Vitamin D, adiponectin, and leptin were measured.

Results:

Eleven (28.2%) of 39 vegetarians had a moderate-high risk of MOF, defined by FRAX-calculated risk ≥10%. These subjects had lower ASM (P < 0.005) and 6MWT distances (P < 0.01) but greater ccIMT than those with low risk. The MOF risk was negatively correlated with ASM (r = −0.51, P < 0.001) and 6MWT distances (r = −0.62, P < 0.001) but positively correlated with ccIMT (r = 0.56, P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that MOF risk scores were negatively associated with ASM and 6MWT distance while positively associated with ccIMT. There was no significant association of MOF risk with MNA scores, serum levels of PTH, Vitamin D, adiponectin, or leptin.

Conclusion:

Decreased ASM mass, reduced physical performance, and atherosclerosis are significantly associated with MOF risk in vegetarians.
The wrapped Fukaya category for semi-toric Calabi–Yau
Authors: Groman Yoel
Published: May 2024

We introduce the wrapped Donaldson–Fukaya category of a (generalized) semi-toric SYZ fibration with Lagrangian section satisfying a tameness condition at infinity. Examples include the Gross fibration on the complement of an anti-canonical divisor in a toric Calabi–Yau 3-fold. We compute the wrapped Floer cohomology of a Lagrangian section and find that it is the algebra of functions on the Hori–Vafa mirror. The latter result is the key step in proving homological mirror symmetry for this case. The techniques developed here allow the construction in general of the wrapped Fukaya category on an open Calabi–Yau manifold carrying an SYZ fibration with nice behavior at infinity. We discuss the relation of this to the algebraic vs analytic aspects of mirror symmetry.
DNA Barcoding Revealed a High Percentage of Mislabeling in Commercial Fish Products: The First Empirical Survey in South Texas
Authors: Kaneko Gen , Ehsan Hashimul
Published: May 2024

Seafood mislabeling is a widespread problem that have produced a growing distrust of seafood industry. In this study, we examined the prevalence of mislabeling in fish samples from regional markets in the greater Houston area and close-by coastal communities. A total of 63 fish fillet samples were purchased, labeled, and stored at -20˚C in individual packages until DNA extraction. DNA fragments of roughly 700 base pairs encoding cytochrome oxidase I (COI) were PCR-amplified from each DNA sample. With 99.6–100% nucleotide identity in the GenBank and BOLD databases, all samples were correctly identified at the species level. The scientific names identified by DNA barcoding were matched with legally acceptable market names using the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Seafood List. Out of the 63 samples examined, 13 samples (20.6%) were mislabeled. Moreover, 24 samples (38.1%) did not use the acceptable market names, indicating that the FDA policy is poorly implemented in seafood industry. The first DNA barcoding survey this area warranted the need of continuous monitoring and the dissemination of the regulation combined with taxonomic knowledge.
Responses of Epilithic Diatoms to the Construction of Small Hydropower Plant in a Serbian River
Authors: Milićević Ana , Popović Slađana , Krizmanić Jelena , Jakovljević Olga
Published: May 2024

Energy of running water accounts for almost 3/4 of the global supply of renewable energy sources and almost 1/5 of total electricity generation. Large and small hydropower plants are associated with a number of environmental problems. The main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of SHP on the diatom community. A total of 149 diatom taxa classified in 47 genera were identified, some of which are considered invasive (Achnanthidium druartii), rare (Gomphonema zellense, Frustulia amphipleuroides) and Navicula radiosafallax is first finding for Serbia. The impact of SHP is evident considering diatoms diversity and relative abundance of dominant species in three seasons (summer, autumn and winter). Values of most measured physico-chemical parameters changed immediately downstream of the SHP. Based on most diatom indices, the water of the Ljuboviđa River had a good ecological status. TID and TDI indicated a predominantly moderate water quality of the Ljuboviđa River. According to Serbian regulations, the Ljuboviđa River had a high ecological status.
Phycoremediation of Phenolphytalein, Indigo Carmine, Methyl Orange and Eriochrome Black T By Using Chlamydomonas and Chlorella sp. (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Senturk Tugba
Published: May 2024

This work aimed to evaluate the decolorization of phenolphthalein (PP), indigo carmine (IC), methyl orange (MO) and eriochrome black T (EBT) by using Chlorella and Chlamydomonas as a biosorbent. This experiment used the batch adsorption method to study the adsorption effect of pH, biomass dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature on the dyes. The adsorption of the dyes onto the cells were fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results showed that the optimum conditions for PP removal (99%) was obtained at pH 4, contact time of 120min, 35°C, algal dosage of 0.5 mg/mL and dye concentration of 100 mg/L on to the cells. The sample prepared at 25°C, 120 min, 1 mg/mL algal dosage, 25 mg/L dye concentration and at pH 4 had the best adsorption effect on IC on to the both of cells (99-98%). In addition, the optimum conditions for MO and EBT removal (99-97%) was obtained at pH 2-4, contact time of 30 min, 25°C, algal dosage of 0.5mg/mL and dye concentration of 100mg/L. The results of this study reveal that the algae cells can be utilized as an efficient and eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of the indicator dyes from aqueous solution.
Are sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors associated with improved outcomes in diabetic patients admitted to intensive care units with septic shock?
Authors: Ashcherkin Nikita , Abdalla Abdelmohaymin A. , Gupta Simran , Bhatt Shubhang , Yee Claire I. , Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to reduce organ dysfunction in renal and cardiovascular disease. There are limited data on the role of SGLT2i in acute organ dysfunction. We conducted a study to assess the effect of SGLT2i taken prior to intensive care unit (ICU) admission in diabetic patients admitted with septic shock.Methods: This retrospective cohort study used electronic medical records and included diabetic patients admitted to the ICU with septic shock. We compared diabetic patients on SGLT2i to those who were not on SGLT2i prior to admission. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes included hospital and ICU length of stay, use of renal replacement therapy, and 28- and 90-day mortality. Results: A total of 98 diabetic patients was included in the study, 36 in the SGLT2i group and 62 in the non-SGLT2i group. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores were similar in the groups. Inpatient mortality was significantly lower in the SGLT2i group (5.6% vs. 27.4%, P=0.008). There was no significant difference in secondary outcomes.Conclusion: Our study found that diabetic patients on SGLT2i prior to hospitalization who were admitted to the ICU with septic shock had lower inpatient mortality compared to patients not on SGLT2i.
Interdepartmental miscommunication regarding radiology: Addressing chronic challenges and exploring solutions
Authors: Arkoudis Nikolaos-Achilleas , Karofylakis Emmanouil , Moschovaki-Zeiger Ornella , Prountzos Spyridon , Efthymiou Evgenia , Samonis George , Koutserimpas Christos
Published: May 2024

Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals are crucial for delivering high-quality patient care. Interdepartmental miscommunication poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems, potentially undermining the quality of healthcare services provided. In the same manner, communication barriers between referring physicians and radiologists can specifically affect radiology services and patient outcomes. This article attempts to put the spotlight on the ever-present chronic challenges of this issue and prompt readers to recognize the relevant potential pitfalls in their daily clinical practice. Practical solutions are explored and proposed, which should be tailored to the specific needs and issues that each individual institution may face.