bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maladaptive Plasticity Induces Degradation of Fine Motor Skills in	Musicians
Authors: Altenmüller Eckart , Ioannou Christos I.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Performing music at a professional level is probably one of the most complex human accomplishments requiring extensive training periods. The superior skills of musicians are mirrored in plastic adaptations of the brain involving gray and white matter increase in sensory motor and auditory areas and enlargement of receptive fields. Motor disturbances in musicians are common and include mild forms, such as temporary motor fatigue, painful overuse injuries following prolonged practice, anxiety-related motor failures during performances, and more persistent losses of motor control, termed “dynamic stereotypes.” Musician’s dystonia is characterized by a permanent loss of motor control when playing a musical instrument linked to genetic susceptibility and to maladaptive plasticity. In this review article, we argue that these motor failures developing on a continuum from motor fatigue to musician’s dystonia require client tailored treatment and accordingly specific psychological and neurological interventions.
Plasticity and Reorganization in the Rehabilitation of	Stroke
Authors: Miltner Wolfgang H. R.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. This paper outlines some actual developments in the behavioral treatment and rehabilitation of stroke and other brain injuries in post-acute and chronic conditions of brain lesion. It points to a number of processes that demonstrate the enormous plasticity and reorganization capacity of the human brain following brain lesion. It also highlights a series of behavioral and neuroscientific studies that indicate that successful behavioral rehabilitation is paralleled by plastic changes of brain structures and by cortical reorganization and that the amount of such plastic changes is obviously significantly determining the overall outcome of rehabilitation.
Predicting Space Weather, Protecting Satellites
Authors: Crane Leah
Published: August 2016

A new model predicts electron and ion fluxes at geosynchronous orbit an hour ahead of time, allowing satellite operators to protect their instruments.
Effects of dispersal and selection on stochastic assembly in microbial communities
Authors: Evans Sarah , Martiny Jennifer B H , Allison Steven D
Published: August 2016

Stochastic processes can play an important role in microbial community assembly. Dispersal limitation is one process that can increase stochasticity and obscure relationships between environmental variables and microbial community composition, but the relationship between dispersal, selection and stochasticity has not been described in a comprehensive way. We examine how dispersal and its interactions with drift and selection alter the consistency with which microbial communities assemble using a realistic, individual-based model of microbial decomposers. Communities were assembled under different environmental conditions and dispersal rates in repeated simulations, and we examined the compositional difference among replicate communities colonizing the same type of leaf litter (‘within-group distance’), as well as between-group deterministic selection. Dispersal rates below 25% turnover per year resulted in high within-group distance among communities and no significant environmental effects. As dispersal limitation was alleviated, both within- and between-group distance decreased, but despite this homogenization, deterministic environmental effects remained significant. In addition to direct effects of dispersal rate, stochasticity of community composition was influenced by an interaction between dispersal and selection strength. Specifically, communities experiencing stronger selection (less favorable litter chemistries) were more stochastic, possibly because lower biomass and richness intensified drift or priority effects. Overall, we show that dispersal rate can significantly alter patterns of community composition. Partitioning the effects of dispersal, selection and drift based on static patterns of microbial composition will be difficult, if not impossible. Experiments will be required to tease apart these complex interactions between assembly processes shaping microbial communities.
Oblique rift opening revealed by reoccurring magma injection in central Iceland
Authors: Ruch Joël , Wang Teng , Xu Wenbin , Hensch Martin , Jónsson Sigurjón
Published: August 2016

Extension deficit builds up over centuries at divergent plate boundaries and is recurrently removed during rifting events, accompanied by magma intrusions and transient metre-scale deformation. However, information on transient near-field deformation has rarely been captured, hindering progress in understanding rifting mechanisms and evolution. Here we show new evidence of oblique rift opening during a rifting event influenced by pre-existing fractures and two centuries of extension deficit accumulation. This event originated from the Bárðarbunga caldera and led to the largest basaltic eruption in Iceland in >200 years. The results show that the opening was initially accompanied by left-lateral shear that ceased with increasing opening. Our results imply that pre-existing fractures play a key role in controlling oblique rift opening at divergent plate boundaries.
PTEN regulates EG5 to control spindle architecture and chromosome congression during mitosis
Authors: He Jinxue , Zhang Zhong , Ouyang Meng , Yang Fan , Hao Hongbo , Lamb Kristy L. , Yang Jingyi , Yin Yuxin , Shen Wen H.
Published: August 2016

Architectural integrity of the mitotic spindle is required for efficient chromosome congression and accurate chromosome segregation to ensure mitotic fidelity. Tumour suppressor PTEN has multiple functions in maintaining genome stability. Here we report an essential role of PTEN in mitosis through regulation of the mitotic kinesin motor EG5 for proper spindle architecture and chromosome congression. PTEN depletion results in chromosome misalignment in metaphase, often leading to catastrophic mitotic failure. In addition, metaphase cells lacking PTEN exhibit defects of spindle geometry, manifested prominently by shorter spindles. PTEN is associated and co-localized with EG5 during mitosis. PTEN deficiency induces aberrant EG5 phosphorylation and abrogates EG5 recruitment to the mitotic spindle apparatus, leading to spindle disorganization. These data demonstrate the functional interplay between PTEN and EG5 in controlling mitotic spindle structure and chromosome behaviour during mitosis. We propose that PTEN functions to equilibrate mitotic phosphorylation for proper spindle formation and faithful genomic transmission.
Electron–hole doping asymmetry of Fermi surface reconstructed in a simple Mott insulator
Authors: Kawasugi Yoshitaka , Seki Kazuhiro , Edagawa Yusuke , Sato Yoshiaki , Pu Jiang , Takenobu Taishi , Yunoki Seiji , Yamamoto Hiroshi M. , Kato Reizo
Published: August 2016

It is widely recognized that the effect of doping into a Mott insulator is complicated and unpredictable, as can be seen by examining the Hall coefficient in high Tc cuprates. The doping effect, including the electron–hole doping asymmetry, may be more straightforward in doped organic Mott insulators owing to their simple electronic structures. Here we investigate the doping asymmetry of an organic Mott insulator by carrying out electric-double-layer transistor measurements and using cluster perturbation theory. The calculations predict that strongly anisotropic suppression of the spectral weight results in the Fermi arc state under hole doping, while a relatively uniform spectral weight results in the emergence of a non-interacting-like Fermi surface (FS) in the electron-doped state. In accordance with the calculations, the experimentally observed Hall coefficients and resistivity anisotropy correspond to the pocket formed by the Fermi arcs under hole doping and to the non-interacting FS under electron doping.
Dectin-1-activated dendritic cells trigger potent antitumour immunity through the induction of Th9 cells
Authors: Zhao Yinghua , Chu Xiao , Chen Jintong , Wang Ying , Gao Sujun , Jiang Yuxue , Zhu Xiaoqing , Tan Guangyun , Zhao Wenjie , Yi Huanfa , Xu Honglin , Ma Xingzhe , Lu Yong , Yi Qing , Wang Siqing
Published: August 2016

Dectin-1 signalling in dendritic cells (DCs) has an important role in triggering protective antifungal Th17 responses. However, whether dectin-1 directs DCs to prime antitumour Th9 cells remains unclear. Here, we show that DCs activated by dectin-1 agonists potently promote naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th9 cells. Abrogation of dectin-1 in DCs completely abolishes their Th9-polarizing capability in response to dectin-1 agonist curdlan. Notably, dectin-1 stimulation of DCs upregulates TNFSF15 and OX40L, which are essential for dectin-1-activated DC-induced Th9 cell priming. Mechanistically, dectin-1 activates Syk, Raf1 and NF-κB signalling pathways, resulting in increased p50 and RelB nuclear translocation and TNFSF15 and OX40L expression. Furthermore, immunization of tumour-bearing mice with dectin-1-activated DCs induces potent antitumour response that depends on Th9 cells and IL-9 induced by dectin-1-activated DCs in vivo. Our results identify dectin-1-activated DCs as a powerful inducer of Th9 cells and antitumour immunity and may have important clinical implications.
Self-assembled oxide films with tailored nanoscale ionic and electronic channels for controlled resistive switching
Authors: Cho Seungho , Yun Chao , Tappertzhofen Stefan , Kursumovic Ahmed , Lee Shinbuhm , Lu Ping , Jia Quanxi , Fan Meng , Jian Jie , Wang Haiyan , Hofmann Stephan , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L.
Published: August 2016

Resistive switches are non-volatile memory cells based on nano-ionic redox processes that offer energy efficient device architectures and open pathways to neuromorphics and cognitive computing. However, channel formation typically requires an irreversible, not well controlled electroforming process, giving difficulty to independently control ionic and electronic properties. The device performance is also limited by the incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we report a novel memristive model material system based on self-assembled Sm-doped CeO2 and SrTiO3 films that allow the separate tailoring of nanoscale ionic and electronic channels at high density (∼1012 inch−2). We systematically show that these devices allow precise engineering of the resistance states, thus enabling large on–off ratios and high reproducibility. The tunable structure presents an ideal platform to explore ionic and electronic mechanisms and we expect a wide potential impact also on other nascent technologies, ranging from ionic gating to micro-solid oxide fuel cells and neuromorphics.
The nature of organic records in impact excavated rocks on Mars
Authors: Montgomery W. , Bromiley G. D. , Sephton M. A.
Published: August 2016

Impact ejected rocks are targets for life detection missions to Mars. The Martian subsurface is more favourable to organic preservation than the surface owing to an attenuation of radiation and physical separation from oxidising materials with increasing depth. Impact events bring materials to the surface where they may be accessed without complicated drilling procedures. On Earth, different assemblages of organic matter types are derived from varying depositional environments. Here we assess whether these different types of organic materials can survive impact events without corruption. We subjected four terrestrial organic matter types to elevated pressures and temperatures in piston-cylinder experiments followed by chemical characterisation using whole-rock pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our data reveal that long chain hydrocarbon-dominated organic matter (types I and II; mainly microbial or algal) are unresistant to pressure whereas aromatic hydrocarbon-dominated organic matter types (types III and IV; mainly land plant, metamorphosed or degraded, displaying some superficial chemical similarities to abiotic meteoritic organic matter) are relatively resistant. This suggests that the impact excavated record of potential biology on Mars will be unavoidably biased, with microbial organic matter underrepresented while metamorphosed, degraded or abiotic meteoritic organic matter types will be selectively preserved.
Transient anomalous diffusion in periodic systems: ergodicity, symmetry breaking and velocity relaxation
Authors: Spiechowicz Jakub , Łuczka Jerzy , Hänggi Peter
Published: August 2016

We study far from equilibrium transport of a periodically driven inertial Brownian particle moving in a periodic potential. As detected for a SQUID ratchet dynamics, the mean square deviation of the particle position from its average may involve three distinct intermediate, although extended diffusive regimes: initially as superdiffusion, followed by subdiffusion and finally, normal diffusion in the asymptotic long time limit. Even though these anomalies are transient effects, their lifetime can be many, many orders of magnitude longer than the characteristic time scale of the setup and turns out to be extraordinarily sensitive to the system parameters like temperature or the potential asymmetry. In the paper we reveal mechanisms of diffusion anomalies related to ergodicity of the system, symmetry breaking of the periodic potential and ultraslow relaxation of the particle velocity towards its steady state. Similar sequences of the diffusive behaviours could be detected in various systems including, among others, colloidal particles in random potentials, glass forming liquids and granular gases.
A distinct sortase SrtB anchors and processes a streptococcal adhesin AbpA with a novel structural property
Authors: Liang Xiaobo , Liu Bing , Zhu Fan , Scannapieco Frank A. , Haase Elaine M. , Matthews Steve , Wu Hui
Published: August 2016

Surface display of proteins by sortases in Gram-positive bacteria is crucial for bacterial fitness and virulence. We found a unique gene locus encoding an amylase-binding adhesin AbpA and a sortase B in oral streptococci. AbpA possesses a new distinct C-terminal cell wall sorting signal. We demonstrated that this C-terminal motif is required for anchoring AbpA to cell wall. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SrtB has dual functions, anchoring AbpA to the cell wall and processing AbpA into a ladder profile. Solution structure of AbpA determined by NMR reveals a novel structure comprising a small globular α/β domain and an extended coiled-coil heliacal domain. Structural and biochemical studies identified key residues that are crucial for amylase binding. Taken together, our studies document a unique sortase/adhesion substrate system in streptococci adapted to the oral environment rich in salivary amylase.
Omnidirectional surface wave cloak using an isotropic homogeneous dielectric coating
Authors: Mitchell-Thomas R. C. , Quevedo-Teruel O. , Sambles J. R. , Hibbins A. P.
Published: August 2016

The field of transformation optics owes a lot of its fame to the concept of cloaking. While some experimental progress has been made towards free-space cloaking in three dimensions, the material properties required are inherently extremely difficult to achieve. The approximations that then have to be made to allow fabrication produce unsatisfactory device performance. In contrast, when surface wave systems are the focus, it has been shown that a route distinct from those used to design free-space cloaks can be taken. This results in very simple solutions that take advantage of the ability to incorporate surface curvature. Here, we provide a demonstration in the microwave regime of cloaking a bump in a surface. The distortion of the shape of the surface wave fronts due to the curvature is corrected with a suitable refractive index profile. The surface wave cloak is fabricated from a metallic backed homogeneous dielectric waveguide of varying thickness and exhibits omnidirectional operation.
Stanene: Atomically Thick Free-standing Layer of 2D Hexagonal Tin
Authors: Saxena Sumit , Chaudhary Raghvendra Pratap , Shukla Shobha
Published: August 2016

Stanene is one of most important of 2D materials due to its potential to demonstrate room temperature topological effects due to opening of spin-orbit gap. In this pursuit we report synthesis and investigation of optical properties of stanene up to few layers, a two-dimensional hexagonal structural analogue of graphene. Atomic scale morphological and elemental characterization using HRTEM equipped with SAED and EDAX detectors confirm the presence of hexagonal lattice of Sn atoms. The position of Raman peak along with the inter-planar ‘d’ spacing obtained from SAED for prepared samples are in good agreement with that obtained from first principles calculations and confirm that the sheets are not (111) α-Sn sheets. Further, the optical signature calculated using density functional theory at ~191 nm and ~233 nm for low buckled stanene are in qualitative agreement with the measured UV-Vis absorption spectrum. AFM measurements suggest interlayer spacing of ~0.33 nm in good agreement with that reported for epitaxial stanene sheets. No traces of oxygen were observed in the EDAX spectrum suggesting the absence of any oxidized phases. This is also confirmed by Raman measurements by comparing with oxidized stanene sheets.
The N-myristoylome of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Roberts Adam J. , Fairlamb Alan H.
Published: August 2016

Protein N-myristoylation is catalysed by N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), an essential and druggable target in Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. Here we have employed whole cell labelling with azidomyristic acid and click chemistry to identify N-myristoylated proteins in different life cycle stages of the parasite. Only minor differences in fluorescent-labelling were observed between the dividing forms (the insect epimastigote and mammalian amastigote stages) and the non-dividing trypomastigote stage. Using a combination of label-free and stable isotope labelling of cells in culture (SILAC) based proteomic strategies in the presence and absence of the NMT inhibitor DDD85646, we identified 56 proteins enriched in at least two out of the three experimental approaches. Of these, 6 were likely to be false positives, with the remaining 50 commencing with amino acids MG at the N-terminus in one or more of the T. cruzi genomes. Most of these are proteins of unknown function (32), with the remainder (18) implicated in a diverse range of critical cellular and metabolic functions such as intracellular transport, cell signalling and protein turnover. In summary, we have established that 0.43–0.46% of the proteome is N-myristoylated in T. cruzi approaching that of other eukaryotic organisms (0.5–1.7%).
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation is increased in psoriasis and induces human β-defensin-2 production in epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Hu Stephen Chu-Sung , Yu Hsin-Su , Yen Feng-Lin , Lin Chi-Ling , Chen Gwo-Shing , Lan Cheng-Che E.
Published: August 2016

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in the development of certain immune-mediated diseases, but their role in psoriasis has not been clearly defined. Human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) is an important antimicrobial peptide overexpressed in psoriasis epidermis. We evaluated whether the amount of NETs is increased in psoriasis and determined the effect of NETs on HBD-2 production in epidermal keratinocytes. Using fluorescent microscopy, we found that patients with psoriasis (n = 48) had higher amount of NETotic cells in their peripheral blood compared to healthy controls (n = 48) and patients with eczema (n = 35). Psoriasis sera showed increased ability to induce NET formation in control neutrophils but normal NET degradation ability. The amount of NETs in the peripheral blood correlated with psoriasis disease severity. NETosis was also observed in the majority (18 of 20) of psoriasis skin specimens. Furthermore, NETs induced HBD-2 mRNA and protein production in keratinocytes and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed strong expression of HBD-2 in psoriasis lesional skin. In summary, NET formation is increased in peripheral blood and lesional skin of psoriasis patients and correlates with disease severity. Additionally, NET-induced HBD-2 production may provide a novel mechanism for the decreased susceptibility of psoriasis plaques to microbial infections.
A Novel Strategy for Preparation of Si-HA Coatings on C/C Composites by Chemical Liquid Vaporization Deposition/Hydrothermal Treatments
Authors: Xin-bo Xiong , Xin-ye Ni , Ya-yun Li , Cen-cen Chu , Ji-zhao Zou , Xie-rong Zeng
Published: August 2016

A novel strategy for the preparation of Si-doped hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) coatings on H2O2-treated carbon/carbon composites (C/C) was developed. HA coating was prepared on C/C through chemical liquid vaporization deposition (CLVD)/hydrothermal treatment. HA coating was immersed in an H2SiO3 solution at an autoclave at 413 K for transformation into Si-HA coating. The effects of H2SiO3 mass contents on the phase, morphology and composition of the Si-HA coatings were studied through SEM, EDS,XRD and FTIR. Their bonding performance to C/C was measured through a scratch test. Under the optimal content condition, the in vitro skull osteoblast response behaviors of the Si-HA coating were evaluated. Results showed that SiO32− could enter into the HA lattice and occupy the PO43− sites. Doped SiO32− significantly improved the bonding performance of the HA coating to C/C in comparison with the untreated HA. The adhesive strength of the coatings initially increased and then decreased with increasing H2SiO3 content. Meanwhile, the cohesive strength of the Si-HA coatings was almost nearly identical. The Si-HA coating achieved at a content of 90% H2SiO3 exhibited the best bonding performance and its osteoblast compatibility in vitro was superior to that of the untreated HA coating on C/C through CLVD/hydrothermal treatment.
Chemical profiling of cerebrospinal fluid by multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry
Authors: Ferreira Christina R. , Yannell Karen E. , Mollenhauer Brit , Espy Ryan D. , Cordeiro Fernanda B. , Ouyang Z. , Cooks R. G.
Published: August 2016

We report an accelerated biomarker discovery workflow and results of sample screening by mass spectrometry based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).
Dengue diagnosis on laser printed microzones using smartphone-based detection and multivariate image analysis
Authors: Oliveira Karoliny A. , Damasceno Deangelis , de Oliveira Cristina R. , da Silveira Lucimeire A. , de Oliveira Anselmo E. , Coltro Wendell K. T.
Published: August 2016

Dengue diagnosis was performed on printed microzones based on colorimetric detection of IgG and IgM biomarkers in serum samples through enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay experiments.
Composition/structure and lacquering craft analysis of Wenzhou Song dynasty lacquerware
Authors: Li Xiaoyuan , Wu Xianjun , Zhao Yang , Wen Qiaoyan , Xie Zhongbu , Yuan Yinhong , Tong Tong , Shen Xinyu , Tong Hua
Published: August 2016

Several archaeological lacquerware samples tracing back to the Song dynasty (A.D. 960–A.D. 1279) and an ancient lacquer box remnant dating from the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1271–A.D. 1368) were analyzed by various analytical methods in this article.
MWCNT incorporated imine–amine ionophore for electrochemical sensing of copper ions
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Mittal Susheel K. , Singh Jasminder , Kaur Navneet
Published: August 2016

A novel potentiometric and voltammetric sensor based on an ionophore (E)-3-(((2-((2 aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (ICU) has been developed for the detection of Cu(ii).
High kinetic inertness of a bis-hydrated Gd-complex with a constrained AAZTA-like ligand
Authors: Vágner Adrienn , Gianolio Eliana , Aime Silvio , Maiocchi Alessandro , Tóth Imre , Baranyai Zsolt , Tei Lorenzo
Published: August 2016

The GdIII complex of a cyclohexyl-fused AAZTA derivative shows the highest kinetic inertness in the class of non-macrocyclic bis hydrated GdIII-complexes and optimal relaxometric performances.
Reductive disproportionation of nitric oxide mediated by low-valent uranium
Authors: Hoerger Christopher J. , La Pierre Henry S. , Maron Laurent , Scheurer Andreas , Heinemann Frank W. , Meyer Karsten
Published: August 2016

The reductive disproportionation of nitric oxide (1 atm) is mediated by the bulky UIII aryloxide [UIII(OArAd,Ad,Me)3] (1) (Ad,Ad,MeArO = O-C6H2-2,6-Ad-4-Me) to form the UV terminal oxo species [(Ad,Ad,MeArO)3UV(O)] (2) and N2O, as confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and GC-MS measurements.
A recyclable ionic liquid-oxomolybdenum(vi) catalytic system for the oxidative desulfurization of model and real diesel fuel
Authors: Julião Diana , Gomes Ana C. , Pillinger Martyn , Valença Rita , Ribeiro Jorge C. , Gonçalves Isabel S. , Balula Salete S.
Published: August 2016

The extractive and catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ECODS) of model and real diesel has been studied using the complex [MoO2Cl2(di-tBu-bipy)](1) (di-tBu-bipy = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine) as a (pre)catalyst, aq. H2O2 as an oxidant, and either acetonitrile or an ionic liquid (IL) as a solvent and extractant.
Role of coal characteristics in the electrochemical behaviour of hybrid direct carbon fuel cells
Authors: Fuente-Cuesta A. , Jiang Cairong , Arenillas Ana , Irvine John T. S.
Published: August 2016

Hybrid direct carbon fuel cells (HDCFCs) are now considered as one of the most efficient options for the generation of clean energy from mineral coals. This work sheds light on the reaction mechanism of the HDCFC operated with raw and pre-treated mineral coals which have been thoroughly characterised and tested.
Study of acylhydrazone derivatives with deoxygenated seven-membered rings as potential β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (FabH) inhibitors
Authors: Zhou Yang , Luo Yin , Yang Yu-Shun , Lu Liang , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: August 2016

Fatty acid biosynthesis is essential for bacterial survival.
Capture of CO2 in air for 4,5-disubstituted furan-2(5H)-ones
Authors: Cui Fei-Hu , Su Shi-Xia , Xu Yan-li , Liang Ying , Wang Heng-shan , Pan Ying-Ming
Published: August 2016

A sustainable strategy for the assembly of 4,5-disubstituted furan-2(5H)-ones directly from carbon dioxide from air was developed.
Functionalised dihydroazo pyrimidine derivatives from Morita–Baylis–Hillman acetates: synthesis and studies against acetylcholinesterase as its inhibitors
Authors: Koti Reddy Eeda , C. Remya , Sajith Ayyiliath M. , K. V. Dileep , C. Sadasivan , Anwar Shaik
Published: August 2016

Dihydroazo pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized at room temperature using MBH acetates and aminoazole derivatives. Thein vitrostudies carried on a couple of derivatives exhibited much higher potency for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Deciphering of polycationic carbohydrate based non-viral gene delivery agents by ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap using CID/HCD pairwise tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Przybylski Cédric , Benito Juan M. , Bonnet Véronique , Mellet Carmen Ortiz , García Fernández José M.
Published: August 2016

In the study herein, we demonstrated that ESI-(MS)MS combining CID and HCD is a useful tool for the structural deciphering of five representative members of a polycationic cyclodextrin library used as non viral agents for gene delivery.
PLGA nanoparticles augmented the anticancer potential of pentacyclic triterpenediol in vivo in mice
Authors: Dubey Ravindra Dhar , Saneja Ankit , Qayum Arem , Singh Amarinder , Mahajan Girish , Chashoo Gousia , Kumar Amit , Andotra Samar S. , Singh Shashank K. , Singh Gurdarshan , Koul Surinder , Mondhe Dilip M. , Gupta Prem N.
Published: August 2016

A novel pentacyclic triterpenediol (TPD), an anticancer lead fromBoswellia serrata, was encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles, leading to enhancement in anticancer potential in EAT bearing mice model.
Low generation anionic dendrimers modulate islet amyloid polypeptide self-assembly and inhibit pancreatic β-cell toxicity
Authors: Nguyen Phuong T. , Sharma Rishi , Rej Rabindra , De Carufel Carole Anne , Roy René , Bourgault Steve
Published: August 2016

The self-assembly and cytotoxicity of the amyloidogenic peptide IAPP can be controlled with low generation anionic dendrimers.
An ultrathin 2D semi-ordered mesoporous silica film: co-operative assembly and application
Authors: Wan Kai , Yu Zhi-peng , Liu Quan-bing , Piao Jin-hua , Zheng Yu-ying , Liang Zhen-xing
Published: August 2016

A novel ultrathin silica film with semi-ordered fingerprint-like mesopores is synthesized with the aid of the dual templates of graphene oxide (go) and tri-block copolymer P123.
Modulation of bactericidal action in polymer nanocomposites: light-tuned Ag+ release from electrospun PMMA fibers
Authors: Moreno I. , Navascues N. , Irusta S. , Santamaria J.
Published: August 2016

Silver rate release from electrospun PMMA fibers tuned by combination of silver ions and silver nanoparticles produced by UV irradiation.
Mn(iii)-mediated regioselective synthesis of (E)-vinyl sulfones from sodium sulfinates and nitro-olefins
Authors: Nie Gang , Deng Xiaocong , Lei Xue , Hu Qinquan , Chen Yunfeng
Published: August 2016

A new efficient Mn(iii)-mediated coupling reaction of sodium sulfinates with nitro-olefins is described.
Size-dependence of carbon nanotube confinement in catalysis
Authors: Xiao Jianping , Pan Xiulian , Zhang Fan , Li Haobo , Bao Xinhe
Published: August 2016

Confinement only enhances the catalytic activity of metals with intrinsic strong binding with reactants, and this enhancement is size dependent, exhibiting a volcano relationship.
Understanding and predicting the potency of ROS-based enzyme inhibitors, exemplified by naphthoquinones and ubiquitin specific protease-2
Authors: Gopinath Pushparathinam , Mahammed Atif , Ohayon Shimrit , Gross Zeev , Brik Ashraf
Published: August 2016

A multidisciplinary approach, composed of organic synthesis, electrochemistry, electrocatalysis and cellular studies, for correlating the molecular features of a 1,2-naphthoquinone scaffold with its ROS generating ability.
Highly ordered ion-conducting block copolymers by hydrophobic block modification
Authors: Wang Lizhu , Hickner Michael A.
Published: August 2016

Block copolymer-based AEMs provide advanced materials with tunable properties through manipulation of both the ionic domains for high conductivity and the hydrophobic domains for mechanical integrity.
Magnetic observation of above room-temperature spin transition in vesicular nano-spheres
Authors: Luo Yang-Hui , Liu Qing-Ling , Yang Li-Jing , Sun Yu , Wang Jin-Wen , You Chao-Qun , Sun Bai-Wang
Published: August 2016

Above room-temperature spin-transition behavior has been achieved in a series of vesicular nano-spheres, which were prepared via a liposomal self-assembly strategy.
Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit im Arbeitszeitmodell: Längsschnittstudie zu Praxistauglichkeit und Gesetzeskonformität in einer chirurgischen Klinik der Maximalversorgung
Authors: Langelotz C. , Koplin G. , Pascher A. , Lohmann R. , Köhler A. , Pratschke J. , Haase O.
Published: August 2016

Hintergrund In dem Spannungsfeld zwischen Klinikorganisation, Arbeitszeitgesetz, Patientensicherheit, Nachwuchsmangel und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ist die Entwicklung bestmöglicher Arbeitszeitmodelle zur Aufrechterhaltung maximaler Versorgungsqualität bei gleichzeitiger Gesetzeskonformität unabdingbar. Hierzu ist die Evaluation der Auswirkungen der Dienstmodelle auf die Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit sinnvoll.

Material und Methoden Nach Abschaffung des traditionellen 24-Stunden-Dienstes 2007 in einer chirurgischen Klinik der Maximalversorgung wurden konsekutiv ein 18-Stunden-Dienst und nachfolgend 2008 ein 12-Stunden-Dienstmodell zur Verbesserung der Übergabequalität und Reduktion von Übergabeverlusten implementiert. In einer begleitenden Mitarbeiterbefragung wurden die Auswirkungen auf Arbeitsorganisation, Lebensqualität und Einkommen in anonymisierten Fragebögen evaluiert. 2014 wurde die Mitarbeiterbefragung erneut durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Bei 95% Rücklaufquote der Fragebögen 2008 und 93% Rücklaufquote 2014 wurde das 12-Stunden-Modell aufgrund der deutlich höheren Dienstfrequenz mit entsprechend höherer sozialer Belastung schlechter bewertet. Ebenso wurde die körperliche Belastung und chronische Müdigkeit im 12-Stunden-Dienst am schlechtesten bewertet. Der 18-Stunden-Dienst war das Modell der 1. Wahl bei den Mitarbeitern. Der 24-Stunden-Dienst wurde als beste Kompromisslösung zwischen Erfordernissen der Arbeitsorganisation und Mitarbeiterbedürfnissen gewertet und das Dienstmodell daraufhin 2015 erneut angepasst.

Schlussfolgerung Essenzielle Grundlage einer chirurgischen Klinik ist ein an die Erfordernisse der Arbeitsabläufe, des Arbeitszeitgesetzes und Bedürfnisse der Mitarbeiter angepasstes Dienstmodell. Der optimalen Arbeitsorganisation kann ein 12-Stunden-Dienstmodell gerecht werden, aber nur bei entsprechendem Personalschlüssel gelingt dies ohne Inkaufnahme einer zu hohen Dienstfrequenz mit entsprechend stark empfundener Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität. Eine Mitarbeiterbefragung sollte regelmäßig durchgeführt werden, um die tatsächlichen Auswirkungen des Dienstsystems erfassen und weiter optimieren zu können. Das viel kritisierte 24-Stunden-Dienstsystem erscheint mit Augmentierung durch einen Entlastungsdienst in den Abendstunden deutlich besser als sein Ruf.
Nanoscale roughness effect on Maxwell-like boundary conditions for the Boltzmann equation
Authors: Brull S. , Charrier P. , Mieussens L.
Published: August 2016

It is well known that the roughness of the wall has an effect on microscale gas flows. This effect can be shown for large Knudsen numbers by using a numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation. However, when the wall is rough at a nanometric scale, it is necessary to use a very small mesh size which is much too expansive. An alternative approach is to incorporate the roughness effect in the scattering kernel of the boundary condition, such as the Maxwell-like kernel introduced by the authors in a previous paper. Here, we explain how this boundary condition can be implemented in a discrete velocity approximation of the Boltzmann equation. Moreover, the influence of the roughness is shown by computing the structure scattering pattern of mono-energetic beams of the incident gas molecules. The effect of the angle of incidence of these molecules, of their mass, and of the morphology of the wall is investigated and discussed in a simplified two-dimensional configuration. The effect of the azimuthal angle of the incident beams is shown for a three-dimensional configuration. Finally, the case of non-elastic scattering is considered. All these results suggest that our approach is a promising way to incorporate enough physics of gas-surface interaction, at a reasonable computing cost, to improve kinetic simulations of micro- and nano-flows.
Pull-pull position control of dual motor wire rope transmission
Authors: Guo Quan , Jiao Zongxia , Yan Liang , Yu Qian , Shang Yaoxing
Published: August 2016

Wire rope transmission is very efficient because of the small total moving object mass. The wire rope could only transmit pulling force. Therefore it has to be kept in a tightened state during transmission; in high speed applications the dynamic performance depends on the rope’s stiffness, which can be adjusted by the wire rope tension. To improve the system dynamic performance output, this paper proposes a novel pull-pull method based on dual motors connected by wire ropes, for precise, high speed position control applications. The method can regulate target position and wire rope tension simultaneously. Wire ropes remain in a pre-tightening state at all times, which prevents the influence of elasticity and reduces the position tracking error in the changing direction process. Simulations and experiments were conducted; the results indicate that both position precision and superior dynamic performance can be synchronously achieved. The research is relevant to space craft precision pointing instruments.
Measurement and models of bent KAP(001) crystal integrated reflectivity and resolution (invited)
Authors: Loisel G. P. , Wu M. , Stolte W. , Kruschwitz C. , Lake P. , Dunham G. S. , Bailey J. E. , Rochau G. A.
Published: August 2016

The Advanced Light Source beamline-9.3.1 x-rays are used to calibrate the rocking curve of bent potassium acid phthalate (KAP) crystals in the 2.3-4.5 keV photon-energy range. Crystals are bent on a cylindrically convex substrate with a radius of curvature ranging from 2 to 9 in. and also including the flat case to observe the effect of bending on the KAP spectrometric properties. As the bending radius increases, the crystal reflectivity converges to the mosaic crystal response. The X-ray Oriented Programs (xop) multi-lamellar model of bent crystals is used to model the rocking curve of these crystals and the calibration data confirm that a single model is adequate to reproduce simultaneously all measured integrated reflectivities and rocking-curve FWHM for multiple radii of curvature in both 1st and 2nd order of diffraction.
Multi-channel poloidal correlation reflectometry on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak
Authors: Qu H. , Zhang T. , Han X. , Xiang H. M. , Wen F. , Geng K. N. , Wang Y. M. , Kong D. F. , Cai J. Q. , Huang C. B. , Gao Y. , Gao X. , Zhang S.
Published: August 2016

A new multi-channel poloidal correlation reflectometry is developed at Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. Eight dielectric resonator oscillators with frequencies of 12.5 GHz, 13.5 GHz, 14.5 GHz, 15 GHz, 15.5 GHz, 16 GHz, 17 GHz, and 18 GHz are used as sources. Signals from the sources are up-converted to V band using active quadruplers and then coupled together. The output waves are launched by one single antenna after passing through a 20 dB directional coupler which can provide the reference signal. Two poloidally separated antennae are installed to receive the reflected waves from plasma. The reference and reflected signals are down-converted by mixing with a quadrupled signal from a phase-locked source with a frequency of 14.2 GHz and the IF signals pass through the filter bank. The resulting signals from the mixers are detected by I/Q demodulators. The setup enables the measurement of density fluctuation at 8 (radial) × 2 (poloidal) spatial points. A coherent mode with an increasing velocity from 50 kHz to 100 kHz is observed by using the system. The mode is located in the steep gradient region of the pedestal.
Bohm-criterion approximation versus optimal matched solution for a cylindrical probe in radial-motion theory
Authors: Din Alif
Published: August 2016

The theory of positive-ion collection by a probe immersed in a low-pressure plasma was reviewed and extended by Allen et al. [Proc. Phys. Soc. 70, 297 (1957)]. The numerical computations for cylindrical and spherical probes in a sheath region were presented by F. F. Chen [J. Nucl. Energy C 7, 41 (1965)]. Here, in this paper, the sheath and presheath solutions for a cylindrical probe are matched through a numerical matching procedure to yield “matched” potential profile or “M solution.” The solution based on the Bohm criterion approach “B solution” is discussed for this particular problem. The comparison of cylindrical probe characteristics obtained from the correct potential profile (M solution) and the approximated Bohm-criterion approach are different. This raises questions about the correctness of cylindrical probe theories relying only on the Bohm-criterion approach. Also the comparison between theoretical and experimental ion current characteristics shows that in an argon plasma the ions motion towards the probe is almost radial.
Dynamics of magnetized plasma sheaths around a trench
Authors: Hatami M. M.
Published: August 2016

Considering a magnetized plasma sheath, the temporal evolution of the ion properties (the incident ion flux, the ion impact angle, and the incident ion dose) around a rectangular trench is studied numerically. Our results show that the ion flux along the bottom surface greatly reduces in the presence of magnetic field and its uniformity improves, but the magnetic field does not considerably affect the ion flux along the sidewall. In addition, the thickness of the plasma sheath increases by increasing the magnetic field while its conformality to the target surface reduces faster. Moreover, it is shown that any increase in the magnitude (inclination angle) of the magnetic field causes a decrease (an increase) in the angle of incidence of ions on the bottom and sidewall surfaces. Furthermore, in the presence of magnetic field, the ions strike nearly normal to the surface of the bottom while they become less oblique along the sidewall surface. In addition, contrary to the corners of the trench, it is found that the magnetic field greatly affects the incident ion dose at the center of the trench surfaces. Also, it is shown that the incident ion dose along the sidewall is the highest near the center of the sidewall in both magnetized and magnetic-free cases. However, uniformity of the incident ion dose along the sidewall is better than that along the bottom in both magnetized and unmagnetized plasma sheath.
New method for blowup of the Euler-Poisson system
Authors: Kwong Man Kam , Yuen Manwai
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we provide a new method for establishing the blowup of C2 solutions for the pressureless Euler-Poisson system with attractive forces for RN (N ≥ 2) with ρ(0, x0) > 0 and Ω0ij(x0)=12∂iuj(0,x0)−∂jui(0,x0)=0 at some point x0 ∈ RN. By applying the generalized Hubble transformation  div u(t,x0(t))=Nȧ(t)a(t) to a reduced Riccati differential inequality derived from the system, we simplify the inequality into the Emden equation ä(t)=−λa(t)N−1,a(0)=1,ȧ(0)= div u(0,x0)N. Known results on its blowup set allow us to easily obtain the blowup conditions of the Euler-Poisson system.
High-temperature ultraviolet detection based on surface photovoltage effect in SiN passivated n-GaN films
Authors: Matys M. , Adamowicz B. , Zytkiewicz Z. R. , Taube A. , Kruszka R. , Piotrowska A.
Published: August 2016

We investigated the surface photovoltage (SPV) effect in n-GaN layers passivated with various insulators, i.e., Al2O3, SiO2, and SiN for ultraviolet (UV) light detection. We revealed that SPV in SiN/GaN shows markedly different behaviour than in oxide/GaN, i.e., the photo-signal exhibited very fast response (1 s) and recovery (2 s) times, contrary to oxide/GaN, and it was thermally stable up to 523 K. Furthermore, SPV spectra for SiN/GaN showed a sharp cut-off edge directly corresponding to the GaN band gap. We explained these results in terms of the different band structure of SiN/GaN and oxide/GaN junctions. All the observed properties of SPV response from SiN/GaN indicate that this relatively simple system can be applied to sensitive high temperature visible-blind UV detection.
The effect of losses on the quantum-noise cancellation in the SU(1,1) interferometer
Authors: Xin Jun , Wang Hailong , Jing Jietai
Published: August 2016

Quantum-noise cancellation (QNC) is an effective method to control the noise of the quantum system, which reduces or even eliminates the noise of the quantum systems by utilizing destructive interference in the quantum system. However, QNC can be extremely dependent on the losses inside the system. In this letter, we experimentally and theoretically study how the losses can affect the QNC in the SU(1,1) interferometer. We find that losses in the different arms inside the SU(1,1) interferometer can have different effects on the QNC in the output fields from the SU(1,1) interferometer. And the QNC in the SU(1,1) interferometer can almost be insensitive to the losses in some cases. Our findings may find its potential applications in the quantum noise control.
Orientation dependant charge transfer at fullerene/Zn-phthalocyanine (C60/ZnPc) interface: Implications for energy level alignment and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Javaid Saqib , Javed Akhtar M.
Published: August 2016

Recently, experimental results have shown that photovoltaic properties of Fullerene (C60)/Phthalocyanine based devices improve considerably as molecular orientation is changed from edge-on to face-on. In this work, we have studied the impact of molecular orientation on C60/ZnPc interfacial properties, particularly focusing on experimentally observed face-on and edge-on configuration, using density functional theory based simulations. The results show that the interfacial electronic properties are strongly anisotropic: direction of charge transfer and interface dipole fluctuates as molecular orientation is switched. As a result of orientation dependant interface dipole, difference between acceptor LUMO and donor HOMO increases as the orientation is changed from edge-on to face-on, suggesting a consequent increase in open circuit voltage (VOC). Moreover, adsorption and electronic properties indicate that the interfacial interactions are much stronger in the face-on configuration which should further facilitate the charge-separation process. These findings elucidate the energy level alignment at C60/ZnPc interface and help to identify interface dipole as the origin of the orientation dependence of VOC.
Gram-negative trimeric porins have specific LPS binding sites that are essential for porin biogenesis
Authors: Arunmanee Wanatchaporn , Pathania Monisha , Solovyova Alexandra S. , Le Brun Anton P. , Ridley Helen , Baslé Arnaud , van den Berg Bert , Lakey Jeremy H.
Published: August 2016

Significance

Specific and functional interactions between membrane lipids and proteins are increasingly evident across biology. The outer membrane (OM) of gram-negative bacteria such as
Escherichia coli
is a selective barrier formed by complex lipids (lipopolysaccharides; LPSs) and outer-membrane proteins. The high stability and low permeability of the OM are critical to bacterial growth and pathogenesis. Here, using biochemical and structural techniques, we reveal specific LPS binding sites on OM porin proteins that allow them to stabilize, rather than disrupt, the ordered network of LPS molecules. Furthermore, we demonstrate that one such site is essential for porin assembly in the OM.
Seasonal Mortality and Movement Patterns of White Bass in a Southeastern U.S. Reservoir
Authors: Lincoln Kelsey J. , Aday D. Derek , Rice James A.
Published: August 2016

Little is known about the fundamental aspects of the life history, ecology, and population dynamics of White Bass Morone chrysops in southern U.S. reservoirs, making management of this species difficult. Recent concerns from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission regarding potential population declines in North Carolina prompted an effort to expand the knowledge base of White Bass in reservoirs. Our study aimed to address mortality (fishing mortality, F, and natural mortality, M) as one potential mechanism related to their population declines and to assess seasonal movement and habitat patterns of reservoir White Bass throughout the year using telemetry. We implanted acoustic transmitters into 50 White Bass in spring 2012 and into 25 White Bass in spring 2013. B. Everett Jordan Reservoir, a relatively shallow and eutrophic reservoir located in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, was separated into four different subbasins that were surveyed each month for tagged fish. Fish were monitored using an array of passive receivers and monthly active tracking surveys. A monthly capture history was used as the input for a multistate capture–recapture model in a Bayesian framework to estimate instantaneous monthly mortality rates. Total annual mortality was 76%. The annual exploitation rate (60%) was greater than the natural mortality rate (15%); however, both F and M exhibited seasonal variation and peaked during spring months in 2012 and 2013. White Bass did not use any specific habitat type but were located relatively far from shore and in deep water during cooler months. The use of subbasins in the system was not equal; other than during the spawning run White Bass concentrated in several areas within the two deepest subbasins of the reservoir. Overall, the high F observed in the spring suggests that adjusting the current liberal harvest limits will help mitigate mortality and aid in the management of reservoir White Bass populations.

Received January 21, 2016; accepted May 4, 2016 Published online August 5, 2016