bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOX10 induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition and contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression
Authors: He Ping , Jin Xiaojie
Published: October 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SOX10 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: The expression of SOX10 was initially assessed in human NPC tissues and a series of NPC cell lines through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Then, cell proliferation, cycle, migration, and the invasiveness of NPC cells with knockdown of SOX10 were examined by MTT, flow cytometry, and Transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. Finally, nude mice tumorigenicity experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of SOX10 on NPC growth and metastasis in vivo. Results: SOX10 was significantly increased in NPC tissues and cell lines. In-vitro experiments revealed that loss of SOX10 obviously inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, as well as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in NPC cells. In-vivo experiments further demonstrated that disrupted SOX10 expression restrained NPC growth and metastasis, especially in lung and liver. Conclusion: Taken together, our data confirmed the role of SOX10 as an oncogene in NPC progression, and revealed that SOX10 may serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of NPC, as well as a potential therapeutic target against this disease.
Mechanistic effect of human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells on the submandibular salivary gland in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Gouda Zienab A. , Khalifa Mohamed E. Ali , Shalaby Sally M. , Hussein Samia
Published: October 2017

We performed this study to understand the effect of human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) on the submandibular gland after bilateral ovariectomy. For this, 21 adult female rats were distributed equally among 3 groups: the sham-operated group (SHAM); the ovariectomized group (OVX); and the OVX group that received repeated intravenous injections of the hUCB-MSCs (OVX + hUCB-MSCs). We used reverse transcription – PCR to analyze for the gene expression of AQPs 3, 4, 5, and BMP-6. The cellular localization and expression of human CD105, human CD34, proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA), single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA), caspase 3, AQP1, and α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were determined immunohistochemically. In the OVX group, a significant decrease in the gene expression of AQP3, AQP4, and BMP6, as well as the acinar area % was detected, while area % of granular convoluted tubules (GCTs) showed a significant increase. A significant decrease in area % staining positively for AQP1 and α-SMA was noted. An obvious improvement in the structure of the submandibular gland was demonstrated in the group injected with hUCB-MSCs, as well as a significant increase in the gene expression of AQP3, AQP4, and BMP6. The acinar and GCT area %, as well as the different measured markers, were relatively normal. This demonstrates that E2-deficiency induces structural changes to the submandibular gland. Moreover, a definite amelioration of the structure and function of the submandibular gland was detected after the administration of hUCB-MSCs.
Recovery of carbon pools a decade after wildfire in black spruce forests of interior Alaska: effects of soil texture and landscape position
Authors: Houle Gregory P. , Kane Evan S. , Kasischke Eric S. , Gibson Carolyn M. , Turetsky Merritt R.
Published: October 2017

We measured organic-layer (OL) recovery and carbon stocks in dead woody debris a decade after wildfire in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) forests of interior Alaska. Previous study at these research plots has shown the strong role that landscape position plays in governing the proportion of OL consumed during fire and revegetation after fire. Here, we show that landscape position likely influences fire dynamics in these stands through changes in mineral soil texture. The content of fine-textured materials in underlying mineral soils was positively related to OL depths measured 1 and 10 years after fire, and there was an interaction between soil texture and elevation in governing OL consumption and OL recovery a decade following fire. OL depths 10 years after fire were 2 cm greater than 1 year after fire, with a range of 19 cm of accumulation to 9 cm of subsidence. Subsidence was inversely related to the percentage of fine textures within the parent material. The most influential factor determining the accumulation of OL carbon stocks a decade following wildfire was the interaction between landscape position and the presence of fine-textured soil. As such, parent material texture interacted with biological processes to govern the recovery of soil organic layers.
Application des méthodes électriques de prospection à l'étude du cratère d'Holleford
Authors: Andrieux P. , Clark J. F.
Published: October 2017

Electrical prospecting methods have been applied to the study of Holleford crater on three different occasions. The results are discussed and compared to those from previous investigations. A certain asymmetry of the crater has been established; however, it most probably concerns the Precambrian basement rather than the impact crater itself. Supplementary measurements would be required for more precision. The depth to the undisturbed basement has been deduced to be 800 m in the center of the depression. The application of electrical methods to similar structures has been considered and evaluated.
Late-glacial marine overlap in western Newfoundland
Authors: Brookes Ian A.
Published: October 2017

In western Newfoundland Quaternary deposits comprise a glacio-marine sequence sandwiched between tills and associated glacial deposits derived from glaciers that moved westwards from highland centers of outflow. The upper marine limit, at 30.5 m – 50 m in the area, was registered when ice of the earlier of the two glacial episodes represented wasted inland from the present shoreline. The dates herein reported indicate that in St. George's and Port au Port Bays this event was in progress 13 200 – 13 700 years ago, and that in fjord sites in the Bay of Islands it was delayed by about 1000 years. The diachronous nature of marine overlap in the area complicates the reconstruction of isobases on raised marine features.
Potassium–argon ages of dolerite plugs in the South Cariboo region, British Columbia
Authors: Farquharson R. B. , Stipp J. J.
Published: October 2017

Potassium–argon dates for late Tertiary dolerite plugs in south-central British Columbia indicate that a period of volcanism occurred in mid-Pliocene time.
Pre-Acadian deformation, metamorphism, and intrusion in the vicinity of the Pokiok Pluton, west-central New Brunswick, and its regional implications
Authors: O'Brien Brian H.
Published: October 2017

The Pokiok Pluton is one of several granitic bodies in west-central New Brunswick. Highly deformed amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks in the vicinity of the pluton were previously considered to be the hornfelsed equivalents of Ordovician and Silurian strata in the aureole of the Devonian Pokiok granite.In this paper it is suggested that the highly deformed metamorphic rocks are not the result of Devonian hornfelsing but that they represent structural outliers of a pre-Lower Devonian and, by implication, pre-Middle Silurian fold belt. This belt displays features of a previously unrecognized orthotectonic zone in central New Brunswick.Several major faults have been reported which define a horst and graben pair. Movement occurred along the faults after the emplacement of the Pokiok Pluton, most of which now lies within the horst. Due to the uplift of the horst and its erosion in Carboniferous time, remnants of roof pendants of the metamorphic rocks have been structurally isolated from similar strata in the graben as well as from Cambro-Ordovician and Silurian rocks of lower metamorphic grade in the surrounding area.
Notes on the dentition and relationships of the Late Cretaceous insectivore Gypsonictops Simpson
Authors: Fox Richard C.
Published: October 2017

The most nearly complete maxilla known of the North American Late Cretaceous insectivore Gypsonictops hypoconus Simpson 1927 is described. The specimen exhibits P3–4M1 in place; alveoli present anterior to P3 indicate a total of four upper premolars of which the first was single-rooted. Relationships between Gypsonictops and its presumed ancestor Kennalestes gobiensis Kielan-Jaworowska 1969 are discussed.
Some Pacific Faunal Province graptolites from the Ordovician of northern Yukon, Canada
Authors: Lenz A. C.
Published: October 2017

Tylograptus, Sinograptus, Pterograptus, Syndyograptus, and Reteograptus pulcherrimus are described from northern Yukon. The last three taxa are recognized for the first time in northern Canada. Reteograptus pulcherrimus occurs in Ashgillian age beds, the remainder in Llanvirnian and Llandeilian beds. All taxa are found in regions bordering the present Pacific or Arctic Oceans; however, Pterograptus also occurs in the Baltic region, and Syndyograptus is found in the Appalachian region.
The depositional history of an esker near Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Cheel R. J.
Published: October 2017

The 10 km long Stittsville Ridge, trending parallel to the last direction of ice advance into the Ottawa area, is here classified as an esker. The sediments of the ridge are interpreted as subaqueous outwash deposited from a subglacial or englacial meltwater conduit emptying into an inlet in the late Wisconsin glacier front. The ridge formed by the coalescence of subaqueous outwash fans as the ice retreated northward. Sedimentological variation along the ridge is attributed to a change in the morphology of the inlet as the ice front retreated, from an initially narrow, symmetrical shape to a broader and increasingly asymmetrical form.
Isotope hydrogeology and geothermometry of the Mount Meager geothermal area
Authors: Clark I. D. , Fritz P. , Michel F. A. , Souther J. G.
Published: October 2017

A survey of stable and radioactive environmental isotopes has been carried out in order to investigate the recharge, thermal history, age, and geothermometry of the thermal waters at Mount Meager, British Columbia, a Quaternary volcano that is currently the site of active exploration for geothermal resources. Isotope determinations include 18O, 2H, and 3H in precipitation, thermal and cold groundwaters, and glacier ice; 13C and 14C in dissolved inorganic carbon; 18O and 34S in dissolved sulphate from thermal and cold groundwaters; and 13C and 18O in hydrothermal calcite crystals. Major ion analyses were performed on thermal and cold spring waters.Precipitation data are used to define the local meteoric water line and to document the altitude effect on waters recharging the geothermal system, demonstrating that there are two hydrogeologically separate reservoirs recharged at different altitudes. Both pools of geothermal waters have experienced shifts of between +0.5 and +2.5‰ in δ18O values, indicating a limited degree of 18O exchange with hot silicate minerals.Tritium contents indicate that these waters recharged prior to 1955. 13C contents of dissolved inorganic carbon and hydrothermal calcites from drill core document contamination of the thermal waters with "dead" volcanogenic CO2 plus carbon exchange with fracture calcite, which precludes the possibility of "dating" the thermal waters using 14C.Several chemical and isotopic geothermometers are used to estimate the maximum temperatures experienced by the thermal waters. The fractionation of 18O between SO42− and H2O in these waters gives calculated maximum temperatures of less than 140 °C. The Mg-corrected Na–K–Ca geothermometer shows excellent correlation with the SO4–H2O estimates with maximum temperatures of less than 140 °C. Fractionation of 13C and 18O in the systems CaCO3–CO2 and CaCO3–H2O using hydrothermal calcites and borehole fluids also offers no indications of subsurface temperatures in excess of 140 °C. Silica geothermometer results are not reliable because of equlibrium with amorphous silica phases in the subsurface.It is concluded that these thermal waters are not deeply circulating and have not experienced temperatures in excess of 140 °C.
A seismicity study in northern Baffin Bay
Authors: Reid I. , Falconer R. K. H.
Published: October 2017

A temporary seismograph network was operated in a seismically active region of northern Baffin Bay during part of September–October 1978. The array comprised three portable smoked-paper seismographs on Baffin Island and three ocean-bottom seismographs in Baffin Bay. During the experiment a number of earthquakes were recorded sufficiently well to be located by an iterative procedure. Two seismicity regimes are distinguished. The first is a narrow onshore zone of shallow (<10 km) earthquakes near and parallel to the coast. Most of this activity was concentrated in the Cape Jameson region of Baffin Island, with one earthquake of magnitude 3. A second, more diffuse group of events was offshore in Baffin Bay. These were deeper [Formula: see text] and indicated a possible trend normal to the coast. They may be associated with the fault plane of the 1933 magnitude 7.3 Baffin Bay earthquake. The seismicity results and the Baffin Island – Baffin Bay margin structure deduced from earthquake and explosion travel times are in agreement with previous studies.
Rb–Sr study of metavolcanic rocks from the La Ronge and Flin Flon domains, northern Saskatchewan
Authors: Watters B. R. , Armstrong R. L.
Published: October 2017

Two whole-rock suites of metavolcanic rocks from separate volcanic belts of the Churchill Province in northern Saskatchewan have been dated by Rb–Sr. Samples from the Amisk Group of the Flin Flon – Snow Lake domain provide an isochron date of 1784 ± 44 Ma; suites from the Waddy Lake and Devil Lake areas of the La Ronge (–Lynn Lake) domain yield isochron dates of 1814 ± 26 and 1854 ± 100 Ma, respectively. All are regarded as minima for, but close approximations to, emplacement ages. The maximum crustal age of any suite cannot greatly exceed 1850 Ma.Previous Rb–Sr and U–Pb isotopic dates together with these new determinations confirm the contemporaneous existence of two volcanic arcs, active during the late Aphebian (1875–1784 Ma) in the Churchill Province.Low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7017–0.7022) are consistent with a petrochemically inferred subduction-related origin for the volcanic rocks with no closed-system reworking of Archean crust, and a linear evolution of 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the magmatic-arc mantle source region from 4.55 Ga to the present.
Exoskeletal abnormalities in four trilobites
Authors: Rudkin David M.
Published: October 2017

Four trilobite specimens, two of Ordovician, one of Silurian, and one of Devonian age, display abnormal exoskeletal features ranging in expression from superficial to severe. Traumatic injury and developmental malfunction are considered the most probable causative mechanisms, each accounting for two of the abnormalities. Evidence of external healing of a marginal pygidial wound is apparent in one of the injured trilobites; the other may have succumbed to more extensive posterolateral pleural trauma. The two examples of developmental malfunction both involve disruption of axial and pleural regions of the pygidia. One was of limited effect, the second more severe and possibly fatal.
Preliminary estimates of the amount of continuous horizontal shortening across an Archean greenstone belt
Authors: Schwerdtner W. M.
Published: October 2017

Simple two-dimensional techniques are used to make an estimate of the total shortening across a narrow greenstone belt in northwestern Ontario. The techniques are based on the basic principle of restoring the predeformational geometry of a horizontal traverse across the belt. Depending on the technique used this traverse is a string of line elements or a chain of finite elements. The strain ratios available for the restoration are minimal values and need to be increased significantly to obtain realistic results. Depending on the strain values selected for the restoration, amounts of horizontal shortening range from 17 to 49%. The actual amount remains unknown, but is thought to be < 50%.In view of the apparent variation in longitudinal strain along the greenstone belt, a three-dimensional treatment seems to be necessary. This would require that strain measurements be taken systematically throughout, rather than along a single traverse across, a greenstone belt segment.
Conodonts and stratigraphy of upper Paleozoic limestones in Cariboo gold belt, east-central British Columbia
Authors: Orchard M. J. , Struik L. C.
Published: October 2017

The stratigraphy and geological relationships of upper Paleozoic limestones in the Cariboo gold belt are discussed in the light of 49 new conodont collections. Combined with lithological criteria, these define three units: the Lower Mississippian Greenberry Formation, the new Alex Allan Formation, and the new (informal) Sugar limestone. The Greenberry Formation is largely an upper Tournaisian limestone composed of transported bioclastic debris that was deposited in shallow water. Limestone of the Alex Allan Formation disconformably overlies the Greenberry Formation and contains a mixed conodont fauna representing the Early and Middle Pennsylvanian and possibly the Late Mississippian and Late Pennsylvanian. The mixing is ascribed to the influx of eroded Mississippian? and Pennsylvanian strata. Where observed, the Greenberry and Alex Allan Formation limestones are less than 30 m thick, and they apparently represent deposition during anomalous sedimentary pulses in an otherwise nondepositional interval. Conodont faunules from both limestones include many elements previously unrecorded in western Canada, the most notable of which are Mestognathus from the Greenberry Formation and Gondolella and Neogondolella from the Alex Allan Formation. The Wolfcampian crinoidal Sugar limestone is spatially and apparently structurally and stratigraphically unrelated to the Greenberry and Alex Allan formations.
Mise en évidence par microsonde électronique d'erreurs dans les analyses modales classiques de roches hypohyalines
Authors: Campiglio Carlo , Frot Gérard , Marion Claude , Vannier Michel
Published: October 2017

In the optical analysis for partly glassy volcanic rocks the proportion of glass is underestimated and that of the minerals overestimated. An alternative method by microprobe analysis is suggested to overcome this problem.
Sedimentation and tectonics of the lower and middle Eocene Swauk Formation in eastern Swauk Basin, central Cascades, central Washington
Authors: Taylor Stephen B. , Johnson Samuel Y. , Fraser Gregory T. , Roberts James W.
Published: October 2017

The Swauk Basin lies between the Straight Creek and Entiat–Leavenworth fault systems in the central Cascades of Washington and is one of several early Tertiary strike-slip basins in the Pacific Northwest. In this paper, seven informal stratigraphic units are recognized in the lowest portion of the basin fill—the lower and middle Eocene Swauk Formation—in the eastern part of the basin. These units have a stratigraphic thickness of more than 4800 m and were deposited in alluvial fan, braided river, meandering river(?), lacustrine-deltaic, and lacustrine environments. Rapid facies changes and reversals in paleocurrent directions indicate numerous tectonically controlled drainage reorganizations. Sediments were mainly derived from crystalline rocks to the east, north, and west (?), and sediment accumulation rates were high (about 64 cm/1000 years). The Leavenworth fault has a complex history and, periodically, formed the eastern margin of Swauk Basin. During the final phases and shortly after deposition of the Swauk Formation, the vertical sense of slip on the Leavenworth fault reversed itself and the trace of the fault shifted westward, leading to formation of the Chiwaukum Graben. Following deposition, the Swauk Formation was deformed into west-northwest-trending folds and then intruded by north–northeast-trending dike swarms. Based on similarities with other well-documented strike-slip basins, we conclude that strike-slip faulting was the main control on the deposition and deformation of the Swauk Formation.
Air temperature, snow cover, creep of frozen ground, and the time of ice-wedge cracking, western Arctic coast
Authors: Mackay J. Ross
Published: October 2017

The time of ice-wedge cracking is examined for several sites with young and old ice wedges along the western Arctic coast. The correlation between sharp air temperature drops and ice-wedge cracking is highest where the snow cover is thin and least where the snow cover is thick. The favoured duration and rate of a temperature drop that results in cracking is about 4 days, at a rate of about 1.8°C/d. Such temperature drops have a minimal effect in cooling the top of permafrost wherever there is an appreciable snow cover. Since short duration temperature drops often result in ice-wedge cracking, the thermal stresses that trigger cracking probably originate more within the frozen active layer than at greater depth in permafrost. Although most ice wedges tend to crack during periods of decreasing air temperatures, about one third of those monitored have cracked during periods of increasing air temperatures. Long-term measurements show that the active layer and top of permafrost move differentially all year in a periodic movement. That is, creep of frozen ground occurs all year, irrespective of whether ice wedges crack or do not crack. The presence of a snow cover and the creep of frozen ground are two major factors that confound a simple application of conventional ice-wedge cracking theory to air temperature drops and the time of ice-wedge cracking.
Déséquilibres U–Th dans les dépôts meubles des basses-terres du Saint-Laurent, Québec
Authors: Vallières Sylvain , Hillaire-Marcel Claude , Ghaleb Bassam
Published: October 2017

The Pleistocene overburden deposits in the St. Lawrence Lowlands were dated by Th/U to test the Rosholt U-trend method which, in principle, is applicable to the age determinations in open systems. The A horizon of a Holocene soil developed on the Gentilly Till (Upper Wisconsinian) is characterized by a minor positive flow of uranium (230Th/234U > 1). The Gentilly Till as such is marked by an uranium loss, the maximum loss being between 1.5 and 3 m below the soil surface (1.2< 230Th/234U < 1.8). Also, the Bécancour Till (Lower Wisconsinian or Illinoian) lower in the profile differs from the former by a minor secondary uranium fixation (230Th/234U ≤ 1). The U-trend model does not appear to be applicable for the dating of these units, either because of the large uncertainty on the slope of the isochron lines (Gentilly Till), or because the age obtained (~260 ka for the Bécancour Till) does not agree with the regional chronostratigraphy. This last anomaly is due probably to a reversal of the uranium flow in the till with time. Assuming an opening of the Th–U system at the onset of the postglacial emergence in the area, at about 10 ka, rates of ablation of uranium of 10−5 to 10−6 a−1 and uranium flow of ~30 pg∙g−1∙a−1 can be calculated for the leached horizons (soil and Gentilly Till). The uranium loss affects the calculation of ages by thermoluminescence; it leads to an underestimation by 10% of the total radioactivity of the 238U family when this radioactivity is evaluated on the basis of the uranium concentrations. Though this study does not confirm the validity of the Rosholt U-trend model, it does support the conclusion that an analysis of the disequilibrium of Th/U in overburden deposits is of intrinsic interest in matters concerning the calculation of ambient radiation to measure ages by indirect physical methods. [Journal Translation]
A Middle pleistocene (isotope stage 10) glacial sequence in the Stikine River valley, British Columbia
Authors: Spooner Ian S. , Osborn Gerald D. , Barendregt H. , Irving E.
Published: October 2017

In the Stikine River valley, northwestern British Columbia, glacial and nonglacial sediments are preserved beneath Middle Pleistocene basalt-flow remnants that originated from Mount Edziza. The magnetic polarity is consistently normal, indicating that the sediment and the basalts were probably deposited within the Bruhnes normal polarity chron (<780 ka). The sediments record a regional glacial advance. Initial ice advance in the Coast Mountains blocked the westward drainage of the Stikine River and formed an advance-phase glacial lake. Sediments deposited in this lake form a coarsening-upwards sequence; debris-flow diamicton units that originated from the valley sides are common. The lacustrine sequence culminates in a poorly sorted ice-marginal gravel deposited as ice encroached upon the study area. There is little record of ice retreat. The basalts are deposited on fluvial and (or) glaciofluvial gravels, indicating that postglacial reincision was taking place at the time of eruption. Hence, the sediments were deposited in the glacial period immediately prior to the emplacement of the basalt. Evidence is presented that indicates that glacial conditions occurred between 341 and 352 ka, which corresponds to pre-Illinoian isotope stage 10.
Late Quaternary vegetation dynamics and hydroseral development in a Thuja occidentalis swamp in southern Ontario
Authors: Bunting M. Jane , Warner Barry G. , Aravena Ramon
Published: October 2017

Palaeoecological data from a small swamp in southern Ontario are used to reconstruct postglacial upland and wetland vegetation dynamics and assess the relative importance of autogenic and allogenic factors in wetland development. The inferred upland forest dynamics are comparable in timing and trend with lake records from the region. During the early Holocene, the shallow open water body became increasingly colonized by aquatic plants, until at around 8000 BP when the shallow open water community was replaced by a Larix swamp. At around 5600 BP, there was an apparent reversal in the wetland progression and Typha was locally dominant. There is a possible hiatus in the sedimentary record at around this time. Thereafter, a Thuj–Abies–Picea swamp community developed. The data suggest that internal factors and local events such as beaver activity could be equally or more important than regionally acting factors such as climatic change in controlling the hydroseral progression. The changing nature of the wetland community led to a 40-fold variation in sediment accumulation rate during the Holocene, emphasizing the importance of establishing a good chronology and using a multiple-core approach in such systems.
Étude théorique et expérimentale de la propagation acoustique dans les milieux poreux soumis au gel
Authors: Leclaire P. , Aguirre-Puente J. , Cohen-Ténoudji F.
Published: October 2017

Seismic waves are of primary concern in research in the field of earth sciences. In this study, we are interested in the elastic wave propagation in frozen soils and rocks. Different theoretical approaches are presented, among which, a formulation based on Biot's theory. The main disadvantage of this model is that more parameters are involved than in the other models and that most of them are semi-empirical. On the other hand, this model describes in a more general and unifying manner the wave propagation in the different types of media encountered. In other respects, one of the interests of this model is its predictive capacity. Indeed, some significant results are predicted such as the presence of attenuation peaks due to the variation in permeability as a function of temperature, as well as the possible propagation of two longitudinal and two transverse waves. The experimental testing has been performed in artificial or real soils. The laboratory results obtained on consolidated samples, such as sintered bronze or overconsolidated clay, or on nonconsolidated samples, such as glass powder or silt, are presented. The experimental results on velocity, attenuation, and dispersion of waves, and on the existence of several longitudinal and transverse waves confirm the theoretical predictions.
Geochemistry and assemblage accretion of metavolcanic rocks in the Beardmore–Geraldton greenstone belt, Superior Province
Authors: Tomlinson K. Y. , Hall R. P. , Hughes D. J. , Thurston P. C.
Published: October 2017

The Beardmore–Geraldton greenstone belt lies between the Wabigoon volcanic arc (Onaman–Tashota terrane) and the Quetico metasedimentary subprovince and thus has an important bearing on the accretionary model that has been proposed for the amalgamation of these terranes. This paper presents geochemical evidence for the petrogenetic affinities of the volcanic units of the western half of the Beardmore–Geraldton greenstone belt. These data suggest that the metavolcanic rocks of the greenstone belt form a series of distinct packages. Trace element data are used to demonstrate the similarities and differences of each unit of lavas and to characterize their source region and likely tectono-magmatic setting. The data indicate that three separate fragments of volcanic crust representing oceanic crust, arc crust, and back-arc crust formed in a small arc system and were juxtaposed prior to collision with the Wabigoon arc. These fragments of crust were then accreted to the Wabigoon arc where sedimentation was followed by thrusting and folding resulting in shortening of the belt. Delamination of the volcanic units is thought to have been responsible for the preservation of just the pillow lava sequence of oceanic crust. Lower crustal or crust–mantle delamination of the Wawa arc and underplating of the Quetico are thought to have been responsible for the late and long-lived, high-grade metamorphic event in the Quetico and such "flake tectonics" are thought to have been an important process in the interaction between the Wabigoon, Quetico, and Wawa subprovinces.
Igneous and metaigneous age constraints for the Aishihik Metamorphic suite, southwest Yukon
Authors: Johnston Stephen T. , Mortensens James K. , Erdmer Philippe
Published: October 2017

The pericratonic Aishihik metamorphic suite occurs outboard of accreted oceanic and oceanic-arc terranes in southwest Yukon. It consists of a structurally lower unit of feldspathic quartz mica schist and a heterogeneous upper unit of carbonaceous quartzite, micaceous quartzite, marble, and metaigneous rods. The metaigneous rocks include volcanic protoliths and crystallized between 351.5 ± 2.0 and 343.8 ± 0.8 Ma, suggesting correlation of the upper unit with the Nasina assemblage. The lower unit may be correlative with the pre-Mississippian Nisling assemblage. The metaigneous rocks and Early Jurassic plutons are characterized by inherited zircon components with Early Protcrozoic average ages. The Aishihik faatholitfa, a quartz diorite magmatic arc pluton, intruded the metamorphic suite at 186.0 ± 2.8 Ma at a depth of about 30 km. The batholith and metamorphic suite were intruded discordant, high-level (<6 km depth) plutons of the Long Lake plutonic suite, which crystallized at [Formula: see text] Ma. These data, together with cooling ages, require rapid exhumation of the Aishihik metamorphic suite at about 186 Ma. Exhumation coincided with the deposition of a molasse across the oceanic Whitehorse Trough, suggesting that the west margin of the trough lay above the pericratonic belt prior to and during uplift. Cooling ages of 160–165 Ma indicate a second burial and heating event, probably linked to the obduction of the Cache Creek terrane. Subsequent erosion, recorded by molasse of the Tantalus Group, and associated isostatic rebound resulted in exhumation and slow cooling through Middle Jurassic time.
Le batholite de De Pas, Nouveau-Québec : infrastructure composite d'arc magmatique protérozoïque
Authors: Martelain Jacques , Chenevoy Maurice , Bélanger Marc
Published: October 2017

The De Pas Batholith, in New Quebec, is a mass of granitoids elongated in a N-S direction, covering 7000 km2 in the southeastern part of the Archean Rae province. It is located between the Paleoproterozoic New Quebec Orogen in the West and the Torngat Orogen in the East. The batholith is composed, in its south half, of two parallel plutonic units: a charnockitic intrusion in the West, enclosed in granulitic gneisses, and a granitic unit in the East intruding an Archean orthogneiss complex migmatized at amphibolite facies grade. Field evidence indicates that the charnockitic unit is younger than the granitic unit. Both plutonic units are differentiated. The granitic unit ranges in composition from pyroxenite and diorite to the dominant porphyritic granodiorite. The charnockitic unit varies from norite to the dominant porphyritic opdalite. Late intrusive granites are present. The granitic unit and charnockitic unit show calc-alkalic evolutionary trends, granodioritic for the the granitic unit and monzonitic for the charnockitic unit. Similar major elements patterns suggest a common source area. Compatible trace element and heavy rare earth abundances are similar in both units. However, incompatible elements (Rb, Th, and U) and light rare earth are less abundant in the charnockitic unit. This poverty in certain large-ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements is a primary characteristic of the charnockitic magma. The overall geochemical characteristics of the De Pas Batholith are similar to those of a plutonic arc in a subduction setting. Only the late granites show evidence of a collisional setting. The differences in trace elements of the granitic unit and the charnockitic unit might be explained by contrasting styles of contamination of the magmas by continental materials in different intrusive conditions and geological settings. The granitic magma was intruded into Archean (?) crust of amphibolite facies, with which the granitic unit was in physical equilibrium. The charnockitic magma crystallised in the deeper granulitic crust, poor in highly lithophile elements. The De Pas Batholith occurs in the hinterland of the New Quebec Orogen, and represents an early subductional magmatic arc formed in two stages separated by a period of crustal thickening in the arc zone.
Subsurface sediment profiles below Point Pelee: indicators of postglacial evolution in western Lake Erie
Authors: Coakley John P , Crowe Allan S , Huddart Patrice A
Published: October 2017

An extensive drilling program, undertaken along the western barrier bar at Point Pelee National Park, Ontario, Canada, yielded considerable subsurface sediment data relevant to the nature and lateral geometry of sedimentary units below the Point Pelee foreland. Four major sedimentary units were identified: a basal clay-rich till, a fine-grained glaciolacustrine sand, a medium-grained sand unit (subdivided into a poorly sorted shoreface sand and an aeolian (dune) sand derived from the shoreface sand), and an organic marsh (gyttja) deposit. The present study confirms the existence of a planar, wave-eroded till surface below the southern portion of Point Pelee at an elevation of approximately 164 m asl. Following this low-water period in the basin, lake levels rose abruptly to an elevation several metres above 172 m asl. This resulted in erosion of the upper part of the glaciolacustrine sand during a later period of stable higher lake levels, perhaps coinciding with the Nipissing flood event (about 4000 BP). This resulted in a planar surface at approximately 169.5 m asl. Several radiocarbon dates on basal gyttja from the marsh (averaging 3200 BP) reflect a subsequent drop in levels to about 2-3 m below present levels. Though undated, the initiation of shoreface and dune sand deposition is roughly coeval with the basal marsh deposits.
Winter Cod Taggings off Cape Breton and on Offshore Nova Scotia Banks, 1959–62
Authors: Martin W. R. , Jean Yves
Published: October 2017

During the winters of 1959 to 1962, 2459 commercial-sized cod were tagged off the Canadian coast south of the Laurentian Channel. Most returns came from the same general area. Very few cod crossed the Laurentian Channel to Newfoundland or Gulf of St. Lawrence North Shore grounds, or the Scotian Gulf to grounds off western Nova Scotia. Several cod populations were observed, each moving south in autumn and north in spring months. Fish tagged off central Nova Scotia did not migrate as far as the Gulf of St. Lawrence, but those tagged off Cape Breton migrated into the southwestern Gulf for summer months. Fish marked in the middle of the area were intermediate in their migration pattern.Temperature and feeding appear to be the important factors associated with cod migrations. Cod remain in temperatures of 1° to 4 °C during winter months by moving to deeper water. In spring, cod disperse and feed in shoaler water. The cod of the Western-Emerald Banks area move east over the Scotian Shelf. The Gulf cod move up through the cold-water layer and north to inshore feeding near the Magdalen Islands and the Gaspé peninsula.
Retinomotor Cycles and Correlated Behavior in the Teleost Astyanax mexicanus (Fillipi)
Authors: John Kenneth R. , Haut Michael
Published: October 2017

Dark-adapted Astyanax exposed to light at 5 ft-c schooled in about 15 sec during the day, but only after a lapse of about 6 min at night. This behavioral rhythm was closely synchronized with the natural diel cycle and was correlated with a retinomotor rhythm. At night the retina was histologically dark-adapted. During the day it was in an intermediate condition with the rods and cones, on the average, near their light-adapted positions. The pigment was in part concentrated near the basal cell layer as in the dark-adapted retina. The remainder was extended as in the light-adapted retina but did not form a dense light-occluding band proximal to the rod ellipsoids.
Further Evidence of Hardiness of "Silver" Pike
Authors: Lawler G. H.
Published: October 2017

not available
Composition and Nutritive Characteristics of Atlantic Canadian White Fish Meals
Authors: Regier L. W. , Jangaard P. M. , Power H. E. , March B. E. , Biely J.
Published: October 2017

Three composite samples of whitefish meals, each representing samples over 4 mo from plants in eastern Canada were analyzed for proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, available lysine, and pepsin digestibility. Protein quality was evaluated biologically in feeding trials with chicks. The composite samples were similar in chemical composition with respect to both macro- and micronutrients. In vitro pepsin digestibility was 95–96% and chemically estimated available lysine 6.5–6.9 g/16 g N, or 87–96% of the total lysine present. The growth response to the meals, when they were fed to supply either 4 or 8% of supplementary protein in diets containing a total of 14.5 or 18.5% of protein, respectively, indicated that the supplementary protein value was high.
A Comparison of the Storage Life and Bacteria Counts of Chilled Cod Fillets Packaged in Wooden Boxes and Heat-Sealed Plastic Containers
Authors: Varga S. , Hirtle W. A. , Anderson W. E.
Published: October 2017

Codfish held for 4 days on ice on board a dragger were filleted and the fillets were placed in two types of containers: (a) parchment-lined wooden boxes, (b) hermetically sealed plastic boxes. The boxes were stored at 0 C (32 F) for up to 8 days. Samples withdrawn at day 0, 4, 7, and 8 were analyzed for trimethylamine content and assessed for quality. The samples were also analyzed for total bacteria, total yeast and molds, lactobacilli, and anaerobic and facultative anaerobic spore- and nonspore-forming bacteria. The results indicated that the fish flesh had a total storage life of 10–11 days, regardless of packaging, and that the storage temperature of 0 C (32 F) was too low for the growth of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria.
Genetic diversity of sorghum accessions resistant to greenbugs as assessed with AFLP markers
Authors: Wu Y Q , Huang Yinghua , Tauer C G , Porter David R
Published: October 2017

Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, is the fifth most important cereal crop grown worldwide and the fourth in the United States. Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is a major insect pest of sorghum with several biotypes reported to date. Greenbug biotype I is currently the most prevalent and most virulent on sorghum plants. Breeding for resistance is an effective way to control greenbug damage. A successful breeding program relies in part upon a clear understanding of breeding materials. However, the genetic diversity and relatedness among the greenbug biotype I resistant accessions collected from different geographic origins have not been well characterized, although a rich germplasm collection is available. In this study, 26 sorghum accessions from 12 countries were evaluated for both resistance to greenbug biotype I and genetic diversity using fluorescence-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Twenty-six AFLP primer combinations produced 819 polymorphic fragments indicating a relatively high level of polymorphism among the accessions. Genetic similarity coefficients among the sorghum accessions ranged from 0.69 to 0.90. Cluster analysis indicated that there were two major groups based on polymorphic bands. This study has led to the identification of new genetic sources of sorghum with substantial genetic variation and distinct groupings of resistant accessions that have the potential for use in the development of durable greenbug resistant sorghum.Key words: Sorghum bicolor, Schizaphis graminum, AFLP marker, genetic diversity.
Isolation and characterization of a set of disease resistance-gene analogs (RGAs) from wild rice,Zizania latifoliaGriseb. I. Introgression, copy number lability, sequence change, and DNA methylation alteration in several rice–Zizaniaintrogression lines
Authors: Chen Yu , Long Likun , Lin Xiuyun , Guo Wanli , Liu Bao
Published: October 2017

Eight resistance-gene analogs (RGAs) were isolated from wild rice, Zizania latifolia Griseb., by degenerate primers designed according to conserved motifs at or around the nucleotide-binding site (NBS) of known NBS-containing plant resistance genes. The 8 RGAs were classified into 6 distinct groups based on their deduced amino acid sequence similarity of 60% or greater. Gel-blot hybridization of each of the RGAs to 4 rice – Z. latifolia intro gression lines indicated an array of changes at either introgressed Zizania RGAs or, more likely, their rice homologs. The changes included dramatic increase in copy number, modification at the primary DNA sequence, and alteration in DNA methylation patterns.Key words: resistance gene analogs (RGAs), Zizania, introgression, nucleotide-binding site (NBS), leucine-rich repeat (LRR), genetic and epigenetic changes.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with size, shape, and parr mark traits using first- and second-generation backcrosses between European and North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Pedersen Stephanie , Liu Lei , Glebe Brian , Leadbeater Steven , Lien Sigbjørn , Boulding Elizabeth G.
Published: October 2017

Little is known about the genetic architecture of traits important for salmonid restoration ecology. We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for juvenile body length, weight, shape, and vertical skin pigmentation patterns (parr marks) within three hybrid backcross families between European and North American subspecies of Atlantic salmon. Amounts of variation in skin colour and pattern quantified in the two second-generation transAtlantic families exceeded the ranges seen in purebred populations. GridQTL analyses using low-density female-specific linkage maps detected QTL showing experiment-wide significance on Ssa02, Ssa03, Ssa09, Ssa11, Ssa19, and Ssa26/28 for both length and weight; on Ssa04 and Ssa23 for parr mark number; on Ssa09 and Ssa13 for parr mark contrast; and on Ssa05, Ssa07, Ssa10, Ssa11, Ssa18, Ssa23, and Ssa26/28 for geometric morphometric shape coordinates. Pleiotrophic QTL on Ssa11 affected length, weight, and shape. No QTL was found that explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variance in pigmentation or shape traits. Each QTL was approximately positioned on the physical map of the Atlantic salmon genome. Some QTL locations confirmed previous studies but many were new. Studies like ours may increase the success of salmon restoration projects by enabling better phenotypic and genetic matching between introduced and extirpated strains.
The role of miR319a and its target gene TCP4 in the regulation of pistil development in Prunus mume
Authors: Wang Wanxu , Shi Ting , Ni Xiaopeng , Xu Yanshuai , Qu Shenchun , Gao Zhihong
Published: October 2017

The microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a broad class of non-coding small endogenous RNAs that are associated with many biological processes through the regulation of target genes, such as leaf morphogenesis and polarity, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and root and flower development. We identified a miRNA that affects flower development, miR319a, in Prunus mume. The Pm-miR319a target, Pm-TCP4, was validated by 5′RACE. The higher expression of Pm-TCP4 in imperfect flowers showed that Pm-TCP4 might promote pistil abortion. Further experiments showed that Pm-miR319a negatively regulates the expression of Pm-TCP4 mRNAs and affected pistil development. Sixteen downstream genes of Pm-TCP4 related to flower development were predicted. Previous studies have shown that they have an impact on the development of pistils. In this study it was established that Pm-miR319a indirectly regulates the development of pistils by regulating its target gene Pm-TCP4.
Bioremediation of diesel fuel contaminated soil
Authors: Zytner R G , Salb A , Brook T R , Leunissen M , Stiver W H
Published: October 2017

Field and laboratory studies were used to study the influence of temperature and O2on the bioremediation of diesel-fuel contaminated soil. Field data were obtained from a landfarm located in Northern Ontario, whereas laboratory experiments were conducted using bioreactors containing diesel-spiked soil and contaminated soil from the field site. Laboratory and field degradation rates were quantified based on changes in the total petroleum hydrocarbons concentration and some individual components, as well as by monitoring O2consumption and CO2evolution. A degradation rate correlation was developed from the laboratory data. Based on comparison with the laboratory data, the slow rate observed in the field was likely due to low O2concentrations at the site.Key words: bioremediation, diesel fuel, unsaturated soil, cold climate, degradation rate.
ControllingGiardiaspp. andCryptosporidiumspp. in drinking water by microbial reduction processes
Authors: Finch Gordon R , Belosevic Miodrag
Published: October 2017

Drinking water microbial reduction has evolved from simple, effective chlorination to control waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever to advanced systems using ozone, chlorine dioxide, ultraviolet radiation, and combinations of disinfectants to control waterborne diseases such as poliomyelitis, hepatitis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis. Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. have posed a major challenge to the water industry from a variety of perspectives. They occur in low concentrations in source waters, their infective doses in humans are low when compared with typical waterborne viruses and bacteria, they are difficult to inactivate with chlorine compounds, and they are difficult to determine if they are dead when detected in the environment or after microbial reduction in water treatment. However, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. are readily controlled by ozone or ultraviolet radiation over a wide range of water-quality conditions. Chlorine dioxide provides a simple alternative to chlorine in some circumstances. Using modern microbial reduction process design techniques such as the integrated disinfection design framework (IDDF) ensures the provision of drinking water with a low risk of transmitting human pathogens to the consumer.Key words: ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, ultraviolet, disinfection, microbial reduction, drinking water, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, parasite.