bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P03-309 - Suicide Risk And Marital Status
Authors: Roskar S. , Podlesek A. , Kuzmanic M. , Demsar L. , Zaletel M. , Marusic A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Different types of marital status are associated with elevated/decreased suicidal risk.

The aim of this research was to study marital status change and the effect of its recency in relation to suicidal behaviour.

Method

Suicide victims (1614) in Slovenia and matched controls (4617) were compared for incidence and recency of marital status change during the last five years in their lives.

Results

10.7% of suicide victims have had a marital status change in the last 5 years as compared to 5.6% of the controls. Becoming widowed and getting divorced proved to be a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. 45,7% of all marital status changes in suicide victims occurred in the last year prior to suicide, whereas marital status changes in the control group were equally distributed over the five years. Recency of marital status change significantly affected suicide risk in interaction with age and type of change: The increase in the risk was much higher for recently married than for the recently divorced or widowed people.

Conclusions

Becoming widowed or divorced represents a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. The first year after the change is critical for elevated suicidal risk, in particular for the supposedly positive change of getting married.
P03-313 - Art And Suicide
Authors: Zambrano D. , Tajima-Pozo K. , Padilla J.M. , Anta-Tejado L. , Negueruela M. , Di Stasio E. , Alvarez R. , Lopez Castroman J.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Suicide is a major public health problem, one of the leading causes of death and one of the first causes of years of life lost. It is a voluntary act that can be carried out by men and women, children and adults, rich and poor, people of every race and religion.

Objectives

The aim of this text is to outline the most popular suicides and briefly discuss the representation of suicide in art. Painters such as Vincent Van Gogh, Edvard Munch, Jackson Pollock, musicians as Kurt Cobain, Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, the actresses Lupe Vélez, Carole Landis, Pier Angeli, Capucine, Marylin Monroe, Lucy Gordon and the actors Heath Ledger and Freddie Prinze decided the end of their lives in different ways and at different stages.

In the literary field, we find the world renowned suicides of Socrates, Seneca and Caton. Other famous and more recent suicidal writers are Ernest Hemingway, Dylan Thomas, Virginia Woolf, Yukio Mishima, Alfonsina Stormi and Cesare Pavese among others.

Conclusion

Suicide has been represented in several plays and operas, not only people of flesh and blood kill themselves but also fictional characters. the love-death of Liu in Turandot and Tosca in the opera of the same name Are noteworthy, both were composed by Giacomo Puccini. In Hamlet, tragedy written by William Shakespeare, is Ophelia who dies drowning at the sea.
P02-372 - Social And Demographic Factors And Severity Of Symptoms Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Victims Of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Araszkiewicz A. , Dabkowska M.
Published: June 2010

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been recognized as a prevalent social problem and a source of mental health problems for women. The most common psychiatric difficulty in battered women is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and intensity of posttraumatic stress disorder among a group of victims of intimate partner violence, as well as the association between some socio-demographic factors and increased risk to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Research method

1.

Diagnosis and a degree of intensification of PTSD were based on C.G. Watson's at al. PTSD-Interview.

2.

Semi-structured interview was completed by 104 women to assess risk factors of PTSD (social, demographic and clinic).

The examined group consisted of 104 women at the age between 18 and 68 years, the average age 40,8 years; dwelling in the shelters for single mothers and domestic violence victims and out-patients of psychiatric ambulatory.

Results

75,6% of women who are victims of interpersonal violence had significant, very significant or extreme increase of occurrence of PTSD symptoms. PTSD severity was associated with lower level of education and sexual violence.

Conclusion

Victims of interpersonal violence are inherently at risk of PTSD. Lower level of education and sexual type of interpersonal violence are risk factors of severity PTSD.
P02-374 - Comparative Of Maternal Health And Reha Of The Mothers With Low Birth And Premature Infant In Hospitals Of Isfahan
Authors: Dabirzadeh S. , Kermani S.A.M. , Kermani S. , Kermani S.A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The future of a society depends on children's health. Children's growth and health is directly influenced with mother's health. This study has targeted on defining and comparison of maternal health of mother's with low birth and premature with the one of mothers with term infants.

Methods

This descriptive analytic study was carried out on 200 mothers with low birth and premature infants selected by target focused sampling. The date we are collated related to maternal health concerning weight, age, smoking, taken drugs pre delivery weight, times of pregnancy, anxiety due to crisis and maternal health care.

Results

The findings related to frequency distribution of maternal health of mothers with low birth and premature infants compared with the ones with term infants showed that there was a significant difference between mothers with low birth and premature infants in age group of 15 to 19 years of age and mothers with term infants aged between 20 to 24 years.

The findings related to mothers weigh before pregnancy showed that there was not a significant difference between most of the mothers with low birth and premature infants aged between 45 to 54weight years and mothers with term infants of birth than105kg (P< 0/01,). Regarding maternal health in both groups there was a significant difference between taken drugs and duration and dosage, maternal health and anxiety and restlessness.

Conclusions

Mothers play a major role in care of children and their own mental health influences their children physical and mental health.
P02-377 - Antidepressants And Group Psychosocial Treatment For Depression: An Rct From A Low Income Country
Authors: Husain N. , Chaudhry N. , Fatima B. , Husain M. , Amin R. , Chaudhry I.B. , Rahman R.U. , Haq S.U. , Jaffery F. , Creed F.
Published: June 2010

Background

Depression is a global public health problem with highest rates in women in low income countries including Pakistan. There are no treatment trials from such countries comparing the efficacy of antidepressant treatment with a group psychological intervention.

Methods

We conducted a preliminary RCT in an urban primary care clinic in Karachi, Pakistan. Consecutive eligible women scoring > 12 on the CIS-R and > 18 on HDRS (n=66) were randomly assigned to antidepressant or group psychosocial treatment. The primary outcome measure was HDRS score; secondary outcome measures were disability and quality of life.

Results

96% patients were assessed at 3 & 6 months after baseline. At 6 months response (50% reduction of HDRS score) occurred in 20 (60.6%) and 22(66.7%) of the psychosocial and antidepressant groups respectively. There was also significant reduction in disability and improvement in health related quality of life in both groups.

Conclusion

Low costs antidepressants and group psychosocial treatment on the principles of CBT merit further assessment as primary treatments for depression in low income countries.
P02-379 - Profile Of Female Alcoholics
Authors: Krivokapic Z. , Sapic R.
Published: June 2010

For the past few years increase of psychoactive substances abuse has been recorded. Data show significant increase of female alcoholism.

Our research has been directed towards establishing specificity of female alcoholism, meaning personality profile of women with drinking problem.

Following was used in the research: interview, questionnaire about basic data, VITI test of intelligence, MMPI, test of ego perception, Benton test and drawing of a human figure. Research was performed on sample of 40 female patients treated in the private clinic in Belgrade, in the period from 2006 to 2008.

Following results were achieved by descriptive statistics, and the results have shown what characterises the most a group of female alcoholics: 70% are not married (most of them divorced), 30% is married, 50% are with high school education, and 50% with university education, 65% of the patients describes their childhood as bad, 35% as good. By analysing of the intelligence tests it has been noticed that they are mostly of average intellectual abilities, globally of good abilities of abstract reasoning and mechanical memory, but with weaker abilities of distinguishing important from not important, and with lower social intelligence. Personality and projective tests show social dysfunction with insecurity, suspiciousness, insufficient adaptability, depressive symptomatology, emotional immaturity and instability, egocentrism, feeling of inferiority and guilt.

Specificities of clinical picture direct us to further research of female alcoholism. Peculiarities of this sub-population group demand adapted and special preventive and therapeutic forms of work.
P02-381 - Prevalence Of Depression Among Pregnant Women Seen In A Public Primary Health Service In Rio De Janeiro City
Authors: Pereira P. , Abelha L. , Legay L. , Lovisi G.M.
Published: June 2010

Background

Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder during pregnancy and it is associated with psychosocial and clinical obstetric factors. Despite being an important Public Health issue, there are few studies about this subject in Brazil.

Aim

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for depression during pregnancy.

Method

A Cross-sectional study of 331 pregnant women attending a public primary health service over a one-year period in Rio de Janeiro. Participants were interviewed about their socio-demographic status, obstetric/medical conditions, life events and violence during pregnancy. Depression was assessed through the Composite International Development Interview.

Results

The 12-month prevalence of depression was 14.2% (CI 95% 10.7 - 18.5) and associated factors were: previous history of depression and any psychiatric treatment, unplanned pregnancy, serious physical illness and casual jobs.

Conclusion

These data emphasize the need for screening for depression and its risk factors during pregnancy in settings where care is available. Psychosocial interventions and social policies need to be implemented in this population
P02-382 - Women Suffering From Alcoholism and Women Dependent on their Husbands’ Alcoholization
Authors: Mandel A.
Published: June 2010

Clinical-psychological examination of 101 women, of whom - 49 women suffering from alcoholism (mean age 33 ± 7,56 years), and 52 co-dependent women - wives of alcoholics (mean age 42 ± 3,17). Clinical-dynamic study of mental state of women of childbearing age with alcohol dependence revealed the following: aggravated family history of alcoholism (mainly paternal), a high progression of disease (duration of formation of physical dependence on alcohol from 1 to 5 years), greater frequency of occurrence of spousal alcoholism - 36% of cases are actively involved in alcohol addiction among women, 8% of men regarding alcohol abuse of women were indifferent compared to disapproving (29%) or active opposition of alcohol abuse (27%) in other cases. Analysis of the results of experimental psychological research has revealed pronounced similarity of personality profiles of dependent and co-dependent women, and allowed to describe average personality profile submitted by rise in 2nd scale (DE), 6th scale (Pa) and 9 (Ma) scale of MMPI (code Profile 2,6,9/-8, K). Psychological defense of dependent and co-dependent women also did not present significant differences; however, co-dependence of women has more pronounced formation, regression, and intellectualization. This phenomenon may be due to high level of emotional stress caused by presence of patients with alcoholism, which is not reduced, as in alcohol dependent patients. This confirms hypothesis about the similarity of manifestations of dependence and co-dependence and need for psychological adjustment, especially with regard to feelings of guilt, inadequate self-esteem, increased sense of responsibility and awareness of problems of “co-dependence”.
P02-385 - Sexual Functioning In A Sample Of Serbian Urban Middle-Aged Women - A Pilot Study
Authors: Markovic-Zigic D. , Milicevic-Kalasic A.
Published: June 2010

objective

The of this study was to investigate the determinants of sexuality in a sample of 105 Serbian urban women aged 40-50.

Methods

The sample consisted of 3 groups: menopausal women without therapy; menopausal receiving hormone replacement therapy and non-menopausal women. Measures included Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women and Earlier Sexual Functioning Questionnaire. Desire, arousal, activity and satisfaction were compared among groups using χ2 and C coefficient. Variables of special interest in the whole sample were correlated among each other.

Results

No significant difference between groups was found in basic parameters of sexuality. Communication with partner was the most important factor correlated with basic parameters of sexuality in the total sample. Satisfaction with body image was in significant correlation with sexual desire, while earlier sexual functioning, desire and satisfaction were in negative correlation.

Conclusion

Results of pilot study suggest that determinants of sexuality in this sample of Serbian middle-aged urban women are psychosocial rather than hormonal. This may be important for clinical practice as well as further studies on female sexual dysfunction.
PW01-04 - Isolation-Rearing Differentially Affects BDNF Levels In Plasma, Hippocampus and Frontal Cortex Of Normal and Genetically Depressed Rats
Authors: Ladurelle N. , Mathé A. , Baulieu E. , Bianchi M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Changes in mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) have been associated with the pathogenesis of depression. The present study employed isolation-rearing from weaning in normal Sprague Dawley (SD) and genetically depressed Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), as a model of gene-environment interaction, to study mBDNF alterations in the plasma, hippocampus and frontal cortex (FC).

Methods

21-28 days old male SD (n=8) and FSL (n=10) rats were housed in groups or in isolation for 39 days and sacrificed on the last day of housing. The hippocampus and FC were immediately dissected and the trunk blood collected for plasma separation. Pro-BDNF (36 kDa) and mBDNF (14 kDa) were detected in plasma using ELISA and in the hippocampus and FC using Western Blot. The mBDNF data were normalized to those of pro-BDNF to have an accurate index of changes in mBDNF production.

Results

I. Under basal conditions group-housed depressed FSL rats showed significantly (p< 0.05) higher mBDNF in plasma and lower in the hippocampus compared to normal SD rats. No differences were detected in the FC. II. Isolation-rearing in depressed FSL induced a decrease in mBDNF in plasma (p< 0.05) and an increase in the hippocampus (p< 0.01) compared to group-housed FSL, the FC was not affected. In contrast, isolation-rearing did not affect mBDNF in normal SD rats.

Conclusions

Isolation rearing differentially affected plasma and brain mBDNF only in depressed FSL rats, supporting the idea that gene-environment interaction is an important factor in determining specific changes in molecular correlates of depression.
PW01-22 - Agomelatine Treatment Reverses Changes in Neuroplasticity Induced by Prenatal Stress in Rats
Authors: Mairesse J. , Morley-Fletcher S. , Zuena A. , Soumier A. , Banasr M. , Casolini P. , Catalani A. , Fagioli F. , Van Reeth O. , Gabriel-Gracia C. , Mocaer E. , Daszuta A. , Nicoletti F. , Maccari S.
Published: June 2010

The rat model of prenatal restraint stress (PRS) is particularly valuable to study the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety/depression since adult PRS rats show endocrine and behavioral abnormalities that are corrected by antidepressant medication. We have previously shown that agomelatine chronic treatment reversed the anxiety behaviour and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis observed in PRS. Here, we investigated the mechanisms that may contribute to the antidepressant activity of agomelatine, by assessing the effects of a chronic treatment with agomelatine on neurobiological markers of neuroplasticity in the rat hippocampus such as BDNF and its receptor, TrkB, the transcription factor pCREB and metabotrophic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Adult SD control and PRS rats were treated chronically with agomelatine (40mg/kg ip) or vehicle. 16h after last drug administration, animals were sacrificed and hippocampus dissected for biochemical analysis.

PRS animals showed reduced levels of pCREB in the hippocampus and increased hippocampal BDNF, and TrkB receptor levels. Agomelatine reversed changes in pCREB and BDNF/TrkB levels in PRS rats, had no effect on pCREB in control rats, and, interestingly, increased BDNF and TrkB receptor levels in control rats. Moreover, agomelatine reversed the reduced expression (for mGluR5 and mGluR2/3 receptors) and function (for mgluR5 receptor) observed in the hippocampus of PRS rats.

In conclusion, we have shown that agomelatine treatment reversed all biochemical and cellular changes induced by PRS in rats. These changes, independently of their direction, are the expression of an enduring maladaptive form of neuroplasticity that may contribute to the depressive/anxious phenotype of PRS rats.
PW01-26 - Fatigue, Sleepiness, Sleep Quality and Their Relationships to Affective Symptom Intensity in Sleep-disordered Patients
Authors: Neu D. , Verbanck P. , Linkowski P. , Le Bon O.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Impaired sleep quality and dyssomnia disorders in particular have repeatedly been linked to affective symptoms. However reports about systematic assessments in larger study samples are generally lacking. Furthermore the associative relationships of fatigue and sleepiness complaints to sleep quality and affective symptoms are poorly described.

Methods

During a one-year period we recruited 570 patients (mean age 28(0.26), 287 males) attending the sleep laboratory of a general University Hospital. Psychometrics were performed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). All patients underwent two consecutive nights of full polysomnographic recording (PSG).

Results

Both fatigue (FSS) and sleepiness (ESS) were related to affective symptoms (HAD, p< 0.001 and p=0.012 respectively). Fatigue and affective symptom intensity but not sleepiness, were correlated to sleep quality (p< 0.001). The HAD was related to REM-Sleep Latency (HAD, p=0.017). Slow Wave Sleep duration of the second night was negatively correlated to affective symptoms (p=0.21). Body mass index (BMI) was correlated to fatigue (p< 0.001), sleepiness (p=0.18) and to sleep quality (p=0.006) but not to affective symptoms.

Conclusions

These results confirm the tight relations between sleep quality, daytime fatigue or sleepiness and affective symptoms. Residual fatigue is a common and invalidating complaint in mental disorders as major depression. Achievement of clinical remission can be compromised because of residual treatment resistant symptoms. PSG might be useful in certain conditions to rule out co-morbid sleep disorders and to orientate treatment attitudes.
PW01-29 - Mood Stabilizers and Atypical Antipsychotics in Long-term Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Paoli R. , Buoli M. , Primavera D. , Benedetti M. , Rovera C. , Altamura A.C.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Bipolar Disorder treatment includes not only the remission of Major Depressive or Manic/Hypomanic Episodes, but also the prevention of recurrences. Purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of Mood Stabilizers and Atypical Antipsychotics in preventing recurrences.

Methods

67 patients with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder type 1 and 2 were followed retrospectively for a period of 48 months. Clinical and demographic information were collected by clinical charts and interviews with patients. A survival analysis was performed considering death events change of treatment, a Major Depressive or Hypomanic/Manic Episode or a hospitalization.

Results

Patients treated with Lithium survived longer than patients treated with Valproate (Log Rank: χ2=3.86, p=0.05) which resulted to be superior in terms of recurrence prevention compared to Atypical Antipsychotics in monotherapy (Olanzapine, Quetiapine or Risperidone) (Log Rank: χ2=4.54, p=0.03). Lithium association with an Atypical Antipsychotic resulted more efficacious in terms of recurrence prevention compared to Lithium (Log Rank: χ2=7.01, p=0.008) or Atypical Antipsychotics in monotherapy (Log Rank: χ2=8.61, p=0.003).

Conclusions

These preliminary data would indicate that Lithium association with an Atypical Antipsychotic would be more effective in preventing Major Depressive or Hypomanic/Manic recurrences in bipolar patients.
PW01-32 - A Prospective Study of Depression, Anxiety and Mood Disorders In Acne Patients Treated With Oral Isotretinoin
Authors: Katrivanou A. , Skokou M. , Pasmatzi E. , Monastirli A. , Beratis S. , Gourzis P. , Tsambaos D.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Oral isotretinoin is presently regarded as the drug of choice for the treatment of severe and recalcitrant acne.

Objectives

Although its use has been associated with various psychiatric side effects, the casual relationship between these manifestations and oral isotretinoin still remains in dispute.

Aims

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of psychopathological reactions in patients with severe acne orally treated with isotretinoin.

Methods

Seventy-two (72) patients with severe acne and thirty-six (36) healthy volunteers acne enrolled in the study from January 2003 and August 2009. Acne patients were allocated either to oral isotretinoin (1mg/kg/day) (N=36) or to topical treatment (N=36). All patients and controls were separately interviewed by two psychiatrists before and 1, 3 and 6 months after onset of treatment. Their psychological status was evaluated using SCID-I, SCID-II (DSM-IV) and Hamilton Scale for Depression and Anxiety.

Results

A statistical significant increase in the incidence of depression, mood and/or anxiety disorders was observed in the group of isotretinoin-treated acne patients as compared to the group of those topically treated and to healthy controls. No association between development of symptoms of mental disorder and duration of treatment with isotretinoin was detected.

Conclusions

In view of the above findings it seems reasonable to suggest that oral isotretinoin may be capable of causing anxiety and/or depressive or other mood disorders in patients with severe acne. Close psychiatric monitoring should be included in the investigations that are routinely performed throughout oral isotretinoin treatment of these patients.
PW01-34 - Depression and Its Correlation With Self-esteem and Social Support Among Iranian University Students
Authors: Talaei A. , Rezaei Ardani A.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Considering the effects of the level of social support and self-esteem as risk factors in the onset and continuation of depression, the purpose of the current study (in addition to studying the demographic items of depression) was to investigate the correlation between depression and level of social support and self-esteem in Iranian university students studying non medical majors.

Method

The study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic research carried out on the students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2006. Self administered questionnaires on socio-demographic information (age, gender, marital status, and educational level), Eysenk self-esteem scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Cassidy social support scale were randomly given out to students who were selected by multi stage randomized sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 14 using the χ2-test.

Results

1200 students responded to the anonymous questionnaires. A total of 57.2% of the participants had depression (36.3% mild, 14.4% moderate and 6.5% severe). Depression was significantly higher in males, singles and in 25-29-year-old students. Results showed that 9.4%, 18.3% and 72.3% of the participants reported low, moderate and high levels of social support respectively. 1.8% and 6.3% of the participants reported low and moderate levels of self-esteem respectively; while 91.9% reported high levels of self-esteem.

Conclusion

Depression has a higher rate in non-medical university students of Iran than general population. Levels of social support and self-esteem were negatively associated with frequency of depression.
PW01-45 - Biomarker Discovery For Psychiatric Disorders By Stable Isotope Metabolic Labeling and Quantitative Proteomics
Authors: Filiou M.D. , Zhang Y. , Teplytska L. , Frank E. , Kessler M. , Reckow S. , Maccarrone G. , Hambsch B. , Landgraf R. , Turck C.W.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Biomarkers for psychiatric disorders are critical for patient stratification, premorbid diagnosis and personalized treatment. Our aim is to identify protein biomarkers for anxiety disorders by comparing the synaptic proteomes of a well-established mouse model of high (HAB), normal (NAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior.

Methods

We have compared protein expression levels using 15N metabolic labeling and quantitative proteomics. Mice were metabolically labeled through feeding with a 15N-enriched diet. Synaptosomes from unlabeled HAB and LAB mice were then compared with synaptosomes from 15N labeled NAB mice by quantitative mass spectrometry. Protein expression differences were validated with Western blots, enzymatic assays and in silico pathway analysis.

Results

We have identified numerous protein expression differences between HAB and LAB synaptosome proteomes. We observed alterations in energy metabolism pathways such as the Krebs cycle as well as in mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we detected changes in transport and phosphorylation processes.

Conclusions

We present an accurate proteomics platform for biomarker discovery in psychiatric disorders. We identified candidate biomarkers and pathways involved in anxiety pathophysiology. Our data provide the basis for the establishment of a biomarker panel that will shed light on anxiety pathophysiology and can be applied for optimal therapeutic intervention.
PW01-46 - Do Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors Modulate Experimental Panic Elicited By Cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide In Healthy Man?
Authors: Kellner M. , Muhtz C. , Demiralay C. , Husemann J. , Koelsch W. , Yassouridis A. , Wiedemann K.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI), such as escitalopram, are currently the pharmacological treatment of choice for patients suffering from panic disorder.

Objective

Serotonergic modulation of experimental panic in healthy human volunteers by such medication, however, has not been investigated as yet.

Aim

We intended to study the effects of chronic treatment with the SSRI escitalopram on the panic response to a cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) challenge.

Methods

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, within subject cross-over design thirty healthy young men, 15 each with the long/long or short/short genotype for the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), were pre-treated with 10 mg/d of escitalopram for 6 weeks and then challenged with 50 μg of the panicogen CCK-4. Primary outcome measure was the increase of Acute Panic Inventory ratings by CCK-4.

Results

A significant treatment by genotype effect on the increases of Acute Panic Inventory ratings emerged. CCK-4 panic was significantly more pronounced in the short/short genotype subjects under escitalopram versus placebo pre-treatment. Contrary to our expectation, no inhibitory effect of escitalopram upon panic symptoms elicited by CCK-4 could be demonstrated in healthy men.

Conclusions

Our findings do not support the usefulness of this panic model for proof-of-concept studies in volunteer translational research, at least concerning serotonergic agents.

(Supported by a grant from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Ke 595/7-1)
PW01-51 - The Effect Of Broadening Generalized Anxiety Disorders Definition On Healthcare Resources Utilization And Costs: A Corollary From The Adan Study
Authors: Carrasco J.L. , Álvarez E. , Olivares J.M. , Perez M. , López-Gómez V. , de Salas M. , Rejas J.
Published: June 2010

Purpose

To analyse the consequences of broadening DSM-IV criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) on the utilization of health care resources and corresponding costs.

Methods

Multicentre, prospective and observational study conducted in outpatient psychiatric clinics selected at random and weighted by geographical density of population. Patients with GAD according to DSM-IV criteria and subjects with anxiety symptoms fulfilling broader criteria were compared. Broadening criteria was considered 1-month of excessive or non-excessive worry and only 2 associated symptoms listed on DSM-IV for GAD. Socio-demographic data, medical history and health care resources and corresponding costs were recorded during a 6-month period.

Results

A total of 3,549 patients were systematically recruited; 12.8% excluded because not fulfilling inclusion criteria, 1,815 patients in DSM-IV criteria group (DG) and 1,264 in broad criteria group (BG). Both groups were similar on their sociodemographic characteristics at baseline. Type of treatments prescribed at psychiatric clinics during the study were similar in frequency; anti-depressives (77.0% in DG vs. 75.3% in BG, ns), benzodiazepines (71.5% vs. 67.2% respectively, ns), and anti-convulsants (72.1% vs. 67.0% respectively, ns). Health care resources utilization were statistically reduced to a similar extent in both groups as a consequences of treatments yielding to a cost-of-illness in the 6-month period of 1,196 (1,158) and 1,112 (874), respectively; p=0.304.

Conclusion

In a large sample of subjects, broadening of GAD criteria could lead to earlier diagnosis that would not be associated necessarily to an increase in health care resources utilization or costs to the National Health System.
PW01-62 - Being Child Of Prisoners Of War: The Case Of Mental Health Status
Authors: Najafi M.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Captivity has political, mental and social effects on captives. According to stress severity, captivity duration, religious idea, resistance and affective susceptibility, captivity causes significant mental and neurological effects. Present study was aimed to evaluate mental situation of captives’ children in Isfahan Province.

Material & methods

This was a cross-sectional analytic observational study. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SQD) was used for mental evaluation of captives’ children. We selected 384 objectives by random sampling.

Findings

There was a significant difference between emotional signs, disruptive and communicational problems and social behaviors related with the age of children. A significant difference was also seen between emotional signs and educational level of children.

Conclusion

Captivity of the father in long term has unsuitable physical and mental effects on children. Rate of these effects depends on mother's reaction to loss of spouse as well as age, and the social support provided for children.
PW01-65 - Family Risck Factors And Behavioral Disturbances In Children Of Parents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Selimbasic Z.
Published: June 2010

Aim

Analizing connection between risk factors in family and behavioral disturbances in children whose parents have had symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Participants and methods

We analyzed a group of 100 children of school age (10 -15 years) in two randomly choused schools. Those children are from complete families and their parents agreed to participate in psychometric testing. We divided those children in two groups: Experimental group (N=50)- those parents show symptoms of PTSD, and Control group (N=50) those whose parents do not show symptoms of PTSD. The assessment to PTSD symptoms and level of dramatization in parents was done with Harvard Trauma Questionnaire- Bosnia and Herzegovina version), and behavior disturbances by using Child Behavior Check List (CBCL for parents, Achenbach 1991). According to gender and participation of parents the sample was homogeneous. Data were processed with descriptive statistics.

Results

Children of parents with PTSD symptoms show higher correlation of family size, number of children in family, (p< 0.05), the level of parents education, social and economic state of family and symptoms of behavior disturbances (p< 0.01). Regarding expression of Internalization as behavior characteristic is in higher correlation with family size (p< 0.01) and Externalization is in higher correlation with family size, socio- economic state of family and education of parents (p< 0.05).

Conclusion

Children whose parents have symptoms of PTSD show significantly higher correlation of risk factors in family and behavior problems. The highest correlation is associated with family size, number of children in family, education of parents and economic circumstances.
PW01-66 - Does Atomoxetine Improve Executive Function And Inhibitory Control As Measured By An Objective Computer-Based Test? A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Wehmeier P.M. , Schacht A. , Minarzyk A. , Schneider-Fresenius C. , Lehmann M. , Lehmkuhl G. , Dittmann R.W. , Banaschweski T.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Primary objective was to evaluate the influence of atomoxetine on standard variables of a computer-based Continuous Performance Test (cb-CPT) that reflects executive function and inhibitory control in children with ADHD.

Methods

Two-arm, 8-week, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study in ADHD patients (6-12yrs). Atomoxetine was initiated at 0.5 mg/kg qd for 1 week, followed by 7 weeks on the target dose of 1.2 mg/kg qd. Primary outcome were the q-scores of the cb-CPT standard variables after 8 weeks using mixed models for repeated measurement. Additionally, ADHD-RS scores, WREMB (Weekly Ratings of Evening and Morning Behavior) and CGI-S-ADHD were assessed (weeks 0,1,2,4,6,8).

Results

N=128 patients were randomized, N=125 evaluated (atomoxetine/placebo: 63/62). Baseline characteristics were comparable (77.6% boys; 40.0% patients with ODD/CD; 24.8% prior stimulant treatment; mean (±SD) age 9.0±1.79yrs; mean ADHD-RS total score 36.99±11.56). At Week 8, all primary outcomes (cb-CPT q-scores) were significantly reduced vs. placebo (all p< 0.001) for mean (effect size [ES] 0.41), variance (ES=0.71), and normalized variance (ES=0.50) of “Reaction time”, “Number of microevents” (ES=1.00), “Commission errors” (ES=0.50), “Omission errors” (ES=0.70), “Distance of movement” (ES=0.90) and “Area of movement” (ES=1.08), “Time active” (ES=0.69), and “Motion simplicity” (ES=0.38). Secondary endpoints at Week 8 improved significantly in favor of atomoxetine: ADHD-RS: total score ES=1.30, p< 0.001; hyperactive/impulsive subscore ES=1.37, p< 0.001; inattentive subscore ES=1.07, p< 0.001). WREMB: total score ES=1.00, p< 0.001; morning subscore ES=0.59, p=0.002.; evening subscore ES=1.02, p< 0.001. CGI-S-ADHD: ES=1.11; p< 0.001.

Conclusions

Atomoxetine for 8 weeks significantly reduced ADHD symptoms as measured by the objective cb-CPT.
PW01-77 - Cognitive Status in 75 Years and Older Subjects. A Population-based Study
Authors: Forlani C. , Morri M. , Ferrari B. , Dalmonte E. , De Ronchi D. , Atti A.R.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To evaluate the cognitive status in an elderly population including both community-dwellers and institutionalised subjects.

Methods

462 subjects (mean age 85.1±6.9 years, 53.2% females) living in the Faenza district (Ravenna, Northern Italy) were interviewed and clinically evaluated. The Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX) was administered to all participants to collect socio-demographic and clinical information. The cognitive status was evaluated using the cognitive assessment included in the CAMDEX (CAMCOG) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (adjusted by sex and age). Cut-offs were as follow: CAMCOG scores < 80; MMSE scores < 24.

Results

The CAMCOG identified 245 subjects (53.0%) as cognitively impaired; 132 persons (28.6%) had a MMSE score < 24 and were impaired in the activities of daily living. Prevalence of dementia (DSM-IV criteria) was 19.1% (N=88), including 11 cases of ‘questionable’ dementia. Demented subjects were more likely to be women (65.9%), were less educated (p< 0.05) and older than non-demented (p< 0.001). Demented subjects scored significantly lower than non-demented subjects in any cognitive domain at CAMCOG (p< 0.001).

Cognitive domains: mean score and standard deviation (p< 0.001).

Non-demented vs Demented

All subjects: 78.4(±15.9) vs 28.7(±21.7)

Males: 81.1(±13.0) vs 35.0(±19.9)

≤85: 83.3(±12.3) vs 38.0(±20.5)

>85: 75.7(±13.2) vs 34.0(±20.2)

Females all: 75.7(±18.0) vs 24.3(±21.9)

≤85: 82.5(±12.4) vs 58.5(±10.8)

>85: 67.0(±20.2) vs 18.4(±17.5)

Among demented subjects, only 4.5% were treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (p=0.046); 10.2% used other anti-dementia medications (p=0.067).

Conclusions

Despite of the high prevalence of dementia, only few subjects affected by dementia were properly treated.
PW01-92 - Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Behavioral And Cognitive Symptoms In Alzheimer'S Disease
Authors: Uehara T. , Matsuoka T. , Sumiyoshi T. , Itoh H. , Muranaka Y. , Matsui M. , Suzuki M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Dietary intake of ω-3 fatty acids has been associated with a decreased lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal phospholipids metabolism in the brain has been shown to play a role in the pathophysiology of major psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, mood disorder. This study was conducted to determine whether essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPUFAs) levels in the erythrocyte membrane are correlate with severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), as well as cognitive function, in subjects with AD.

Methods

The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Toyama School of Medicine.

Thirty out-patients (male/female = 6/24) with AD (n = 23) or amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, n = 7) participated in the study. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were administered to assess cognitive function and severity of BPSD respectively. Caregiver burden was assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale (NPI-D). Fatty acids levels were analyzed using a gas chromatography system.

Results

Concentrations of EPUFAs and ω-3 fatty acids were positively correlated with MMSE score. Also, EPUFAs levels were negatively correlated with the NPI Global and caregiver scores. Specifically, EPUFAs levels predicted dysphoria, euphoria and apathy scores of NPI.

Conclusions

These results suggest that abnormal phospholipids metabolism provided a biological basis for BPSD and cognitive impairments of AD.
PW01-94 - Psychopathological Syndromes According To The Amdp-System As A Foundation For Clinical Case Grouping In Psychiatry?
Authors: Herwig U. , Warnke I. , Rössler W. , Brühl A.
Published: June 2010

Objective

In the face of increasing health care costs, appropriate financing systems are not only required for somatic medicine but also for psychiatry. However, diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) did not lead to sufficient prediction of resource use for psychiatric inpatient care. Clinical case groupings besides groupings by diagnosis were rarely assessed so far.

Method

We investigated whether the classical psychopathological syndromes according to the AMDP-System (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie) at admission would explain the variation of length of stay in psychiatric hospital. Using linear regressions with forward elimination, we analyzed the predictive value of the AMDP syndromes (n=998), and also of global assessment of function, illness severity and certain sociodemographic factors for the dependent variable length of stay (n=613).

Results

Considering solely the AMDP-Syndromes within the linear regression resulted in a variance estimation of 6% with an influence of the paranoid-hallucinatoric and the psychoorganic syndrome on length of stay. Together with clinical and sociodemographic factors, we found a variance estimation of 20%, then with an influence of age, global assessment of function, severity of illness, voluntariness of admission and habiting situation, but no more the syndromes.

Conclusions

Our pilot study does not imply AMDP syndromes to be suitable for a case grouping to estimate length of stay. Other analytical approaches using AMDP might nevertheless lead to a better prediction, however, its use, however, shall be regarded critically.
PW01-95 - Is It Possible To Distinguish Hallucination Like Experiences Between Clinical And General Population?
Authors: Langer A. , Cangas A. , Berrio-Lopez V. , Ibañez-Rojo V.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The goal of this work was to find out if the clinical professional could distinguish hallucination like experiences between clinical and general population through the analyze of their responses.

Method

The Revised Hallucination Scale (RHS) was administered to three groups included hallucinating schizophrenic patients, non-psychotic clinical disordered patients and a group of individuals with no psychiatric diagnoses. Also the frequency they were asked to give an example of a situation in which it had happened and to what they attributed it. Two clinical professionals analyzed the answers of all participants (blind related to the original group) and classified them in the three following groups: general, clinical non-psychotic and psychotic population.

Results

As the results show the experience of the non-clinical group was easily distinguished by the clinical professionals since those persons did not present neither disturbs nor disability. Concerning the non-psychotic clinical group was identified a major variability in the classification, fluctuating between typical characteristics of the clinical group (e.g. anxiety) and the general population. The classification of the hallucination patients indicated a strong relation with their original group.

Conclusions

It is suggested that from a clinical point of view it is possible to distinguish clearly between the experiences of people hearing voices and general population. Concerning the clinical population it is more difficult to differentiate this kind of experience between psychotic and non-psychotic populations. The relevance of the results is discussed.
PW01-100 - The Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression And Thyroid Function In Subjects On And Not On Thyroxine: The Hunt Population Study
Authors: Panicker V. , Evans J. , Bjøro T. , Ǻsvold B.O. , Dayan C.M. , Bjerkeset O.
Published: June 2010

Objective

There have been conflicting reports on the relationship between thyroid function and mood between studies in subjects on thyroxine and the general population not on thyroxine. We investigated this relationship in a large population study.

Design

We analysed data on serum TSH levels and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores from the HUNT 2 study (age ≥ 40 years). Following a test for interaction, analyses were performed separately in females on thyroxine (n=1,265) and in people not on thyroxine (males n=9,319 and females n=17,694).

Results

More females on thyroxine had high depression and anxiety scores than females not on thyroxine (depression 18.4% vs 13.0%, p< 0.001, anxiety 23.4% vs 18.7% p< 0.001). In those not on thyroxine there was an inverse association between serum TSH and depression score in males (B coefficient = -0.61, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.24, p=0.001) though not in females (B coefficient = -0.07, -0.33 to 0.19), and an inverse association between TSH and anxiety score in both sexes (B coefficient for males = -0.68, 95% CI -1.04 to -0.32, p< 0.001; females -0.37, -0.67 to -0.08, p=0.01). By contrast, in females on thyroxine, TSH was positively associated with both depression (B coefficient = +0.27, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.51, p< 0.05) and anxiety (B coefficient = +0.29, 0.01 to 0.56, p< 0.05).

Conclusions

There is a different relationship between thyroid function and depression and anxiety in females on thyroxine compared to individuals with no thyroid disease.
PW01-103 - Serum Leptin Levels Are Associated With Low Social Ties And Depression
Authors: Haefner S. , Emeny R. , Zierer A. , Thorand B. , Herder C. , Koenig W. , Rupprecht R. , Ladwig K.-H. ,   Kora Investigators
Published: June 2010

Objective

To examine whether depression or social isolation or the combination of both is associated with high leptin levels.

Research methods and procedures

In this cross-sectional study, the study population comprised 1229 subjects. Social network was assessed according to the Social Network Index initially designed for the Alameda study. Depression was assessed using the DEEX scale. Four categories were built: “socially integrated, not depressed”, “socially integrated, depressed”, “socially isolated, not depressed”, “socially isolated, depressed”. Serum leptin concentrations were assessed.Logistic regression was performed in men and women separately to investigate the influence of the three different categories “socially integrated, depressed”, “socially isolated, not depressed” and “socially isolated, depressed” in comparison with the reference category “socially integrated, not depressed”. The probability belonging to the upper 30% of leptin values was modelled. Four models were adjusted for BMI, age, lifestyle factors, psychosomatic complaints and metabolic variables.

Results

In men, but not in women a significant effect could be seen. The combination of depressed state and social isolation was associated with a four fold increased risk of belonging to the group with the 30% highest leptin levels in men, whereas in women odds ratios did not reach significance.

Discussion

Men, who were socially isolated and depressed, had an increased risk for high leptin levels. Therefore the combination of social isolation and depression, which is known to be associated with the worst outcome in cardiovascular disease, may have the potential to increase leptin levels in men.