bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive mental workload of emergency nursing: A scoping review
Authors: Surendran Anu , Beccaria Lisa , Rees Sharon , Mcilveen Peter
Published: February 2024

Aim

Emergency nurses work in an environment of high cognitive mental workload. Excessive cognitive mental workload may result in patient harm and nurses' burnout. Therefore, it is necessary to understand nurses' subjective experience of cognitive workload. This scoping review aimed to curate literature about the subjective experience of cognitive mental workload reported by nurses and psychometric measures of the phenomenon.

Design

The scoping review was conducted in accordance with JBI methodology and reported using PRISMA extension for scoping review checklist.

Methods

A priori protocol was created with Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies checklist and registered in the OSF registry. Databases including PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched. Published reports were reviewed against the eligibility criteria by performing Title and Abstract screening, followed by Full‐text screening. The initial search yielded 1373 studies. Of these, 57 studies met the criteria for inclusion in this study.

Results

The search revealed five general measures of cognitive mental workload and their variations. Only one customised measure specifically for medical–surgical nurses was found in the study. Identified measures were collated and categorised into a framework for conceptual clarity. NASA Task Load Index and its variations were the most popular subjective measure of cognitive mental workload in nursing. However, no measure or self‐report scale customised for emergency nurses was identified.

Patient or Public Contribution

The findings of this scoping review can inform future research into the cognitive mental workload of nurses. The findings have implications for workplace health and safety for nurses and patients.
In praise of postgraduate career clinics: Translating health professionals' willingness to engagement
Authors: Redwood T. , Ward A. , Ali T. , Poole C. , O'Dell C. , Rebaudo D.
Published: February 2024

Aim

To capture and retain healthcare staff in postgraduate courses relevant to individual career aspirations, service requirements and continuous practice development (CPD) within an English UK university.

Design

Two virtual career clinics for postgraduate practitioners to engage in CPD offers within the university. An online post‐enrolment online survey to explore their experiences of engagement with the university.

Methods

Mixed: qualitative and quantitative methods. Engaging 10 participants attended the career clinics, and 42 participants with an online survey.

Results

The career clinics were well received by participants who mapped CPD requirements and individual career aspirations. The surveys exposed challenges with marketing and enrolment; however, these were mitigated with support. Four recommendations are presented within this paper applicable to the international postgraduate education of all health practitioners.
The role of nature's contributions to people in sustaining international trade of agricultural products
Authors: Marques Alexandra , Bonn Aletta , Castro Antonio J. , Chaudhary Abhishek , Felipe‐Lucia María R. , Kastner Thomas , Koellner Thomas , Lancker Kira , Lopez Hoffman Laura , Meyer Carsten , Pfister Stephan , Rabeschini Gabriela , Willemen Louise , Schulp Catharina J. E.
Published: February 2024

Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are essential for the production and trade of agricultural, forestry and fishery commodities. Often, there is a spatial disconnect between consumers and the natural systems where the commodities are produced. Traded agricultural products are therefore dependent on nature and NCP in their region of origin.

The dependencies of agricultural products on NCP are, however, insufficiently recognised by consumers and are rarely considered in global environmental governance and trade policies along value chains.

Here, we synthesise studies highlighting dependencies of agricultural products on NCP in their origin locations to identify opportunities and challenges in quantifying their contribution in sustaining trade flows.

We suggest three methodological steps for quantifying NCP dependencies in international agricultural trade: spatial mapping of NCP supply and demand, linking NCP to agricultural trade flows, and tracing trade flows. Each methodological step requires further development and harmonisation to enable a complete accounting of how international agricultural trade depends on NCP.

Given the lack of knowledge and data on how NCP support agricultural trade, social and environmental trade‐offs of natural resource management are currently hard to quantify. Quantifying the role of NCP dependencies of traded agricultural products can support their sustainable management, contribute to supply chain accountability and serve as input to sustainable natural resource governance and foster responsibility and equity in supply chains.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effect of stacking order on the properties of hybrid palm sheath/polyester fiber felt‐reinforced polymer composite laminates
Authors: Tang Xin , Liu Qi , Bai Zhongyang , Li Lijuan , Hu Yingcheng
Published: February 2024

Natural fiber‐reinforced composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties. However, achieving a balance between excellent mechanical properties and optimal acoustic performance remains a challenge. In this study, four composite laminates with different stacking orders were fabricated using polyester fiber mats (WFs) and palm sheaths (WPs) through a hot‐press process. Moreover, the effects of different stacking orders on the mechanical and acoustic properties of the composite were investigated. The results revealed that the incorporation of polyester fiber felts and the modification of the layup sequence of WP and polyester fiber felts significantly improved the mechanical and acoustic properties of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a strong bonding between palm fibers and polyester fibers at the epoxy resin interface. Compared with pure palm fiber composites, the alternately stacked palm fibers and polyester fibers (WP/WP/WF/WP/WF) exhibited the highest mechanical properties, with a significant enhancement of 142.67% and 16.90% in flexural and tensile strengths, respectively. Additionally, the peak absorption coefficient of polyester fiber felts, positioned in the surface layer of the composite material, within the 2580–3400 Hz frequency band significantly increased from 0.07 to 0.44. Therefore, this study indicates that modifying the stacking order improves the mechanical and acoustic properties of the composites, making them suitable for use in acoustic engineering materials for buildings and decorative panels for furniture, including perforated panels and acoustic screens.

Highlights

The fabric‐like textured structure significantly enhanced the overall performance of the composites.

The stacking order significantly influenced the overall properties of the composite.

Alternately stacked polyester fiber felts and palm fibers exhibited excellent mechanical performance.

The polyester fiber felts positioned on the surface layer of the composites exhibited superior mechanical performance.

A laminate with “green” attributes and good acoustic properties was fabricated.
Behaviors of arched tunneling segments reinforced by basalt fiber reinforced plastic rebars
Authors: Hou Min , Feng Jiang , Jiang Ruiyi , Shi Hougai , Fan Hualin
Published: February 2024

In this research, basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP) rebars reinforced tunneling segment (BRRTS) technique was developed. All the BFRP rebars were designed, pre‐cured according to the reinforcement design and the reinforcement drawing of steel rebars reinforced concrete tunneling segments (SRRTSs). Two criteria, the equal reinforcement ratio criterion (ERRC) and the half stiffness principle (HSP), were applied to design the BRRTs. Bending experiments were performed to reveal the deformation, damage and load carrying capacity of the BRRTSs. With flexural‐shearing coupling failure mode, the BRRTS has longer elastoplastic deformation and comparable (ERRC) or much greater (HSP) load carrying capacity compared with traditional SRRTS, indicating that the BRRTS can replace the SRRTS in some cases.

Highlights

BFRP rebars reinforced tunneling segment was designed, constructed, and tested.

BFRP rebars reinforced tunneling segment has long ductile deformation.

BFRP rebars reinforced tunneling segment has higher load‐bearing capacity.

Utilization efficiency of BFRP rebars varies from 0.565 to 0.646.
Mechanically enhanced battery separator prepared by hot‐pressing electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride@polymethyl methacrylate membranes with different fiber orientations in adjacent layers
Authors: Ye Ang , De Guzman Manuel Reyes , Ye Jiankang , Xu Changkangle , Zhou Feiyu , Chen Xuedan , Zhu Wenli , Gong Die , Fu Qingshan
Published: February 2024

Compared with commercial polyolefin membranes, electrospun polymeric membranes have the advantages of higher porosity and better electrolyte wettability, but their poor mechanical performance limits their industrial use as battery separators. In this work, a layer‐to‐layer electrospinning is used for fabrication of PVdF@PMMA membranes, in which fibers in adjacent layers are arranged at a certain angle (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°). The as‐electrospun membranes are further hot‐pressed to boost their mechanical strength. Various techniques are employed to evaluate the membranes, such as scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, contact angle measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. The results show that polymethyl methacrylate partially melts during the hot‐pressing treatment, causing adjacent fibers in the membranes to bridge. The obtained membranes show different tensile strength values with the various angles between fibers. When the angle is 30°, the tensile strength can reach 22.09 MPa and higher porosity (74.68%), greater liquid electrolyte absorption (612.36%) than that of commercial polyolefin membrane are harvested. The lithium‐ion cell assembly with the membrane separator exhibits a discharge capacity reaching 142 mAh g−1 and an excellent capacity retention of 90.7%. This present study provides an innovative and promising approach for the fabrication of high‐performance battery separator by electrospinning.

Highlights

PVdF@PMMA membranes are prepared by a layer‐to‐layer electrospinning.

In the membranes, fiber orientation in adjacent layers is kept at a certain angle.

Hot‐pressing further boosts mechanical performance of the membranes.

Membranes with different angle of fibers show various mechanical strengths.
Wearable electronic devices in parasports: A focused review on para athlete classification
Authors: Nikolis Louis , Graff Crystal , Nikolis Andrea , Tow Stephanie
Published: February 2024

Wearable electronic devices are being used to evaluate movement patterns, track workload, prevent injuries, and optimize performance in athletes. Para athletes have unique characteristics to consider separately from the general population. One such difference in competitive parasports includes consideration of athlete classification systems. These sport‐specific classification systems consider athletes' eligible medical conditions that lead to permanent physical, visual, and/or intellectual impairments and objectively evaluate the impact of their impairments on sport functions. Para athletes are assigned sport classes and compete with athletes of similar functional levels. This promotes equitable opportunities to compete while minimizing the effect their impairment has on their sport performance. With recent reports of misrepresentation or incorrect and unfair classification providing unfair advantages to some athletes, parasports classification has been controversial. Having an objective, evidence‐based, and fair classification system in parasports is critical to maintain the integrity of parasports competition. Wearable electronic devices have potential to provide more objective analysis of movement patterns in para athletes to assist in sport classification. This review identifies and analyzes the available literature on wearable electronic technology and its role in parasports classification. A comprehensive PubMed and Google Scholar search identified six articles included in this review. These studies used inertial sensors, motion capture systems, or surface electromyography in wheelchair basketball, rugby, tennis, sit skiing, and boccia. This review identifies the potential value of wearable electronic devices to assist in parasports classification. Additional studies are needed to create standardized protocols for each sport and sensor type.
Improved corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity of nickel‐based alloy using novel plasma processing technique
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Iqbal Tahir , Mansha Muhammad Salim , Saeed Adnan , Abrar Muhammad , Afsheen Sumera , Ahmed Irfan , AlObaid Abeer A. , Al‐Maswari Basheer M. , Yasir Muhammad
Published: February 2024

In this study, we address challenges in the biocompatibility of nickel‐based (NiCr) alloys, prevalent in the dental industry, due to toxic metal ion release impacting corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity. Employing magnetron sputtering and cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN), a duplex plasma treatment (DPT) is introduced to the NiCr alloy. The novel approach enhances surface morphology, notably reducing ion leakage compared with untreated samples. Specifically, the CCPN‐TiN‐treated sample significantly improves corrosion resistance and minimizes metal ion leakage. This transformative DPT emerges as a promising solution for surface modification, particularly mitigating toxic ion leaching in aggressive electrolytes. This research demonstrates a major stride in enhancing NiCr alloy biocompatibility, emphasizing the vital role of innovative surface modification techniques for biomedical applications and challenges.
Safety attitudes among workers in Malaysian chemical manufacturing plants
Authors: Zakaria Junaidah , Hassan Che Rosmani Che , Hamid Mahar Diana , Sukadarin Ezrin Hani
Published: February 2024

Statistics in Malaysia show that accident cases in the manufacturing industry are the highest compared with other sectors. Concerns regarding changing workers' attitudes, controlling their current perceptions, and installing knowledge and experiences that travel through the culture are necessary. This study investigates workers' attitudes to safety between executives and operators. A total number of 309 respondents voluntarily participated. Results report that respondents' attitude toward individual responsibility (M = 4.24, SD = 0.63) is the highest, followed by the effectiveness of safety arrangements (M = 3.91, SD = 0.81) and safeness of the work environment (M = 3.17, SD = 0.73). Results revealed a significant difference between groups (t = 6.67, p = 0.014) for personal skepticism and (t = 15.775, p = 0.001) for personal immunity. There was a statistically positive correlation between attitudes measured with selected demographic factors. It can be concluded that increases in the level of education were associated with increases in individual responsibility, and an increase in age was directly correlated with increases in the effectiveness of safety arrangements. Furthermore, different groups of workers influence their attitudes toward safety arrangements and safeness of the work environment. This study can be used as a preliminary study or the first step for enhancing an organizational safety culture through behavior and attitude change.
Fabrication of Vertical AlGaN‐Based Ultraviolet‐B Laser Diodes Using a Substrate Exfoliation Method with Water
Authors: Nishibayashi Toma , Kondo Ryosuke , Matsubara Eri , Yamada Ryoya , Miyake Rintaro , Sasaki Yusuke , Imoto Yoshinori , Iwayama Sho , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Miyake Hideto , Iwaya Motoaki
Published: February 2024

Vertical AlGaN‐based ultraviolet‐B laser diodes (LDs) are fabricated by exfoliating sapphire substrates using a substrate exfoliation method with water. Wafers with the device structure on a sapphire substrate are cut into 1.1 cm2 squares for further processing. An Al2O3 interlayer dielectric film is applied to the wafer, followed by the addition of a Ni/Pt/Au p‐electrode. The wafer is then supported by an AlN‐polycrystalline‐sintered substrate using AuSn solder, and the sapphire substrate is exfoliated through the use of water. Following exfoliation, the devices undergo several steps, including chemical‐mechanical polishing, device separation , application of SiO2 insulating film, and the formation of Ti/Pt/Au/Ti/Au n and pad electrodes. Finally, mirrors are formed through cleavage. The performance of the devices is assessed by injecting pulsed current into them at room temperature. In the results, a shift from spontaneous emission spectrum to a very sharp multimode laser oscillation spectrum with a wavelength of approximately 304 nm by increasing the injection current, a clear threshold current at approximately 600 mA, strong transverse field polarization characteristics, and a spotlike far‐field pattern characteristic of lasers, is shown. In these results, it is confirmed that the vertical LD is operating properly.
The beneficial effects of balloon pulmonary angioplasty for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension are accompanied by increased body mass index and improved nutritional status
Authors: Fujii Shinya , Nagayoshi Shinya , Miyamoto Takashi , Ogawa Kazuo , Yoshimura Michihiro
Published: February 2024

Although balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) improves pulmonary hypertension and the prognosis of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), subsequent changes in body mass index (BMI), nutritional status, and appetite have not been fully investigated. This retrospective study aimed to clarify changes in BMI, nutritional status, and appetite after BPA. Fifty‐two consecutive patients with CTEPH who underwent complete revascularization with BPA between July 2014 and July 2023 and were available for follow‐up were evaluated. We compared the presence or absence of increased appetite, BMI change, and nutritional status before and after BPA treatment. BPA significantly improved the mean pulmonary artery pressure from 37.4 ± 8.7 mmHg to 18.7 ± 2.8 mmHg and the partial pressure of oxygen from 61.6 ± 9.3 mmHg to 82.8 ± 9.9 mmHg (both p < 0.001). Appetite was increased in 82.7% of the patients. BMI significantly increased from 23.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2 to 24.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2 (p < 0.001). As a nutritional indicator, the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index increased from 105.3 ± 10.2 to 108.3 ± 8.3 (p < 0.001). The median Controlling Nutritional Status scores showed no significant change but the range was significantly improved from 0–9 to 0–3 (p = 0.006). In conclusion, patients with CTEPH show improved oxygenation and hemodynamics, increased BMI, and improved nutritional status following BPA. This sequence of changes may help improve patient prognosis.
Toward Useful Quantum Kernels
Authors: Incudini Massimiliano , Martini Francesco , Pierro Alessandra Di
Published: February 2024

Supervised machine learning is a popular approach to the solution of many real‐life problems. This approach is characterized by the use of labeled datasets to train algorithms for classifying data or predicting outcomes accurately. The question of the extent to which quantum computation can help improve existing classical supervised learning methods is the subject of intense research in the area of quantum machine learning. The debate centers on whether an advantage can be achieved already with current noisy quantum computer prototypes or it is strictly dependent on the full power of a fault‐tolerant quantum computer. The current proposals can be classified into methods that can be suitably implemented on near‐term quantum computers but are essentially empirical, and methods that use quantum algorithms with a provable advantage over their classical counterparts but only when implemented on the still unavailable fault‐tolerant quantum computer.

It turns out that, for the latter class, the benefit offered by quantum computation can be shown rigorously using quantum kernels, whereas the approach based on near‐term quantum computers is very unlikely to bring any advantage if implemented in the form of hybrid algorithms that delegate the hard part (optimization) to the far more powerful classical computers.
Disgust‐based approach‐avoidance modification training for individuals suffering from elevated stress: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Streit Hannah , Keinert Marie , Schindler‐Gmelch Lena , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Berking Matthias
Published: February 2024

Perceived stress, a global health problem associated with various mental disorders, is assumed to be influenced by dysfunctional beliefs. It can be hypothesized that these beliefs can be modified with the help of approach‐avoidance modification trainings (AAMTs). In the present study (conducted 2020–2022), we aimed to clarify whether the efficacy of AAMTs can be enhanced by utilizing the expression of emotions to move AAMT stimuli. For this purpose, we tested the feasibility and acceptability of a new AAMT paradigm in which the expression of disgust is used to move stress‐increasing beliefs away from oneself and the expression of positive emotions is used to move stress‐reducing beliefs towards oneself (AAMT‐DP). Additionally, we explored the therapeutic potential of the AAMT‐DP intervention by comparing it to an inactive control condition and to a conventional AAMT in which stimuli are moved by swipe movements (n = 10 in each condition). The primary outcome was perceived stress 1 week after the training as assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale. Findings indicate sufficient feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and that the decrease in perceived stress in the AAMT‐DP condition was greater than in the inactive control condition (g = 0.72 [0.10, 1.72]) and than in the swipe control condition (g = 0.64 [0.01, 1.41]). In sum, findings provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, and the therapeutic potential of the AAMT‐DP intervention.
Reversible Temperature Sensing using Blue‐Winged Grasshopper Coloracris azureus Wings
Authors: Wang Limin , Wilts Bodo D.
Published: February 2024

Thermochromic materials have been widely investigated due to their relevance in technological applications, including anti‐counterfeiting materials, fashion accessories, displays, and temperature sensors. While many organisms exhibit color changes, few studies have explored the potential of the responsive natural materials for temperature sensing, especially given the often limited and irreversible nature of these changes in live specimens. Here, it is shown that the hindwings of the blue‐winged grasshopper Coloracris azureus can act as a reversible, power‐free bio‐thermometer, transitioning from blue to purple/red in a 30—100°C temperature range. Using microspectrophotometry, light microscopy and Raman microscopy, it is found that the blue color of the wings originates from pigmentary coloration, based on a complex of astaxanthin and proteins. The thermochromic shift from blue to red, induced by a temperature increase, is attributed to a denaturation of this carotenoprotein complex, upon which astaxanthin is released. This process is reversible upon a subsequent temperature decrease. The color changes are both swift and consistent upon temperature change, making the grasshopper's wings suitable as direct visual sensors on thermally dynamic, curved surfaces. The potential possibilities of sustainable, power‐free temperature sensors or microthermometers based on biomaterials are demonstrated.
Full‐Color “Off–On” Thermochromic Fluorescent Fibers for Customizable Smart Wearable Displays in Personal Health Monitoring
Authors: Zhan Luyao , Xu Wanxuan , Hu Zixi , Fan Jiayin , Sun Luping , Wang Xingchi , Zhang Yingying , Shi Xiaodi , Ding Bin , Yu Jianyong , Ma Ying
Published: February 2024

Responsive thermochromic fiber materials capable of miniaturization and integrating comfortably and compliantly onto the soft and dynamically deforming human body are promising materials for visualized personal health monitoring. However, their development is hindered by monotonous colors, low‐contrast color changes, and poor reversibility. Herein, full‐color “off–on” thermochromic fluorescent fibers are prepared based on self‐crystallinity phase change and Förster resonance energy transfer for long‐term and passive body‐temperature monitoring, especially for various personalized customization purposes. The off–on switching luminescence characteristic is derived from the reversible conversion of the dispersion state and fluorescent emission by fluorophores and quencher molecules, which are embedded in the matrix of a phase‐change material, during the crystallizing/melting processes. The achievement of full‐color fluorescence is attributed to the large modulation range of fluorescence colors according to primary color additive theory. These thermochromic fluorescent fibers exhibit good mechanical properties, fluorescent emission contrast, and reversibility, showing their great potential in flexible smart display devices. Moreover, the response temperature of the thermochromic fibers is controllable by adjusting the phase‐change material, enabling body‐temperature‐triggered luminescence; this property highlights their potential for human body‐temperature monitoring and personalized customization. This work presents a new strategy for designing and exploring flexible sensors with higher comprehensive performances.
In Operando Monitoring the Stress Evolution of Silicon Anode Electrodes during Battery Operation via Optical Fiber Sensors
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xiao Xiangpeng , Chen Weilun , Zhang Zihan , Li Wanming , Ge Xiaoyu , Li Yanpeng , Xiang Jingwei , Sun Qizhen , Yan Zhijun , Yu Yifei , Yang Hui , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui
Published: February 2024

Silicon (Si) anode has attracted broad attention because of its high theoretical specific capacity and low working potential. However, the severe volumetric changes of Si particles during the lithiation process cause expansion and contraction of the electrodes, which induces a repeatedly repair of solid electrolyte interphase, resulting in an excessive consuming of electrolyte and rapid capacity decay. Clearly known the deformation and stress changing at µε resolution in the Si‐based electrode during battery operation provides invaluable information for the battery research and development. Here, an in operando approach is developed to monitor the stress evolution of Si anode electrodes via optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. By implanting FBG sensor at specific locations in the pouch cells with different Si anodes, the stress evolution of Si electrodes has been systematically investigated, and Δσ/areal capacity is proposed for stress assessment. The results indicate that the differences in stress evolution are nested in the morphological changes of Si particles and the evolution characteristics of electrode structures. The proposed technique provides a brand‐new view for understanding the electrochemical mechanics of Si electrodes during battery operation.
Tungstate Intercalated NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Enables Long‐Term Alkaline Seawater Oxidation
Authors: Wang Hefeng , Li Zixiao , Hong Shaohuan , Yang Chaoxin , Liang Jie , Dong Kai , Zhang Hui , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Min , Sun Shengjun , Yao Yongchao , Luo Yongsong , Liu Qian , Li Luming , Chu Wei , Du Miao , Gong Feng , Sun Xuping , Tang Bo
Published: February 2024

Renewable electricity‐driven seawater splitting presents a green, effective, and promising strategy for building hydrogen (H2)‐based energy systems (e.g., storing wind power as H2), especially in many coastal cities. The abundance of Cl− in seawater, however, will cause severe corrosion of anode catalyst during the seawater electrolysis, and thus affect the long‐term stability of the catalyst. Herein, seawater oxidation performances of NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDH), a classic oxygen (O2) evolution material, can be boosted by employing tungstate (WO42–) as the intercalated guest. Notably, insertion of WO42− to LDH layers upgrades the reaction kinetics and selectivity, attaining higher current densities with ≈100% O2 generation efficiency in alkaline seawater. Moreover, after a 350 h test at 1000 mA cm−2, only trace active chlorine can be detected in the electrolyte. Additionally, O2 evolution follows lattice oxygen mechanism on NiFe LDH with intercalated WO42−.
Aging in style: Seniority and sentiment in scholarly writing
Authors: Kosnik Lea‐Rachel , Hamermesh Daniel S.
Published: February 2024

The scholarly impact of academic research matters for academic promotions, influence, relevance to public policy, and others. Focusing on writing style in top‐level professional journals, we examine how it changes with age, and how stylistic differences and age affect impact. As top‐level scholars age, their writing style increasingly differs from others'. The impact (measured by citations) of each contribution decreases, due to the direct effect of age and the much smaller indirect effects through style. Authors who grew up outside North America or the United Kingdom write in different styles from others, in ways that reduce the impact of their research. Nobel laureates' scholarly writing evinces less certainty about the conclusions of their research than that of other highly productive scholars.
Synergistic Enhancement of Emitting Dipole Orientation between Pt‐Based Phosphorescent Sensitizers and Boron‐Based Multi‐Resonance Fluorescent Emitters for High‐Performance Phosphor‐Sensitized Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Baek Seung‐Hyun , Park Jeong Yong , Woo Seung‐Je , Lee Woo‐Seok , Kim Woo‐Sam , Cheon Hyung‐Jin , Kim Yun‐Hi , Lee Jeong‐Hwan
Published: February 2024

Phosphor‐sensitized fluorescent (PSF) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) emerge as an attractive solution for realizing high‐performance displays with high color purity, meeting the Broadcast Television 2020 (BT.2020) requirements, by fully harnessing the benefits of both phosphorescent and fluorescent emitters. Herein, the synergistic effect of a Pt sensitizer and a boron (B)‐based multi‐resonance (MR)‐fluorescent emitter are introduced to enhance the efficiency of blue‐emitting PSF–OLEDs. Notably, it is confirmed that the interaction between the empty pz orbital in the boron atom of the MR emitter and the unpaired electrons in the dz2 orbital of the Pt emitter plays a crucial role. The combination results in an enhancement of the horizontal emitting dipole orientation (EDO) to 81%, a marked improvement compared to the individual components of Pt phosphor (69%) or MR emitter (78%). The synergistic approach leads to the realization of high‐performance blue‐emitting PSF‐OLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 25%, a peak intensity at 465 nm in the electroluminescence spectrum, and a full width at half maximum of 29 nm, achieved by enhancing the outcoupling. In these findings, insight is provided into design strategies for developing PSF systems based on Pt sensitizer and B‐terminal emitter to achieve efficient energy transfer as well as improved EDO.
Viral Fear or Panic Myth? Emotions in Ebola News and Social Media Responses
Authors: Cottingham Marci D.
Published: February 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic has catalyzed debates about how the public and leaders respond to health threats and the role that the media and emotions play in these responses. Predating COVID‐19, the 2014 Ebola outbreak can serve as a case to examine the constructions and pervasiveness of fear discourse and other emotions in news and social media. In this mixed‐method study, we examine fear discourse in web‐based and traditional newspaper headlines and emergent emotions in social media data (Twitter) during the peak of Ebola coverage. Users discuss fear on Twitter in a variety of ways and there was an increase in Tweets following the first Ebola case in the United States. However, it is humor, not fear, that is the most dominant theme in Twitter responses. Claims by health leaders and media scholars, that information technology and social media spread fear, receive limited support. Prevalence of different emotions vary across format (headlines and social media) and have important implications for understanding the myths and realities of public responses to health threats.
Hybrid 3D Printing of Molten Metal Microdroplets and Polymers for Prototyping of Printed Circuit Boards Featuring Interdigitated 3D Capacitors
Authors: Khan Zeba , Gururajan Dheepesh , Koltay Peter , Kartmann Sabrina , Zengerle Roland , Shu Zhe
Published: February 2024

This paper presents layer‐by‐layer additive manufacturing (AM) of molten metal microdroplets and dielectric materials to fabricate multilayer hybrid circuit boards featuring interdigitated 3D capacitors. The printed metal lines have a low resistance of 5 mΩ/mm, 12 times lower than state‐of‐the‐art conductive inks. Exploiting the advantages of Sn‐based oxide as an ideal candidate for Electrical Energy Storage Systems (ESS), we successfully fabricated an out‐of‐plane capacitor module using a combination of polymer and metal materials. The fabrication process exhibited an exceptional aspect ratio of 16, illustrating the successful incorporation of 20 metal layers in the out‐of‐plane capacitor module. Q factor obtained for the 3D capacitor was in the range of 66–500. Additionally, a fully automated printing technique was employed to produce a multilayer hybrid electrical printed circuit board (PCB), eliminating the need for post‐processing. This streamlined approach presents an efficient and comprehensive solution for the one‐stop printing of intricate electrical circuits. © 2024 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Queer allyship in TESOL: We need to ACTS now!
Authors: Trinh Ethan
Published: February 2024

Building queer allyship is an in‐the‐making, incomplete, and situated process in and beyond TESOL. In this article, I propose that the concept of queer allyship is not a conceptual but practical and calling‐for‐action approach on an everyday life basis. Queer allyship describes allies who work together to challenge common heteronormative and cisgender assumptions of oneself to think queer and provoke actions in relational systems of support (ACTS). In this article, I invite the readers to think queer with me about the missing aspect of queer allyship in TESOL, address the importance of doing this work, and offer some queer considerations for teachers and administrators to try in their own spaces. I conclude the article by acknowledging two things. One, everyone can queer their own thinking and actions; therefore, everyone can be queers themselves. Two, doing queer allyship work should not be the sole responsibility of anyone—it is ecological work, which demands collective and communal care for and with all students and teachers.
How can virtual and augmented reality facilitate international business?
Authors: Kshetri Nir , Dwivedi Yogesh K.
Published: February 2024

While extensive research has explored the internet's role in internationalization, there is limited understanding of how augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) contribute. Our objective is to address and fill this gap by investigating the roles of AR and VR in international expansion of services and cultural products. The paper addresses facilitators and barriers for the use of these technologies in international business. It argues that advancements in information and communication technologies have played a pivotal role in fostering the integration of AR and VR into global business operations. The study examines the role of these technologies in inward internationalization, particularly in the tourism sector The article also delves into the disintermediation effects of AR and VR compared to Internet‐based platforms, emphasizing their potential to outperform traditional e‐commerce websites. Additionally, the research explores how AR and VR stimulate the internationalization of cultural products, such as concerts and visual art, overcoming geographical constraints. AR and VR technologies are currently in use by a variety of entities, including national tourism authorities, destination management organizations (DMOs), and service providers in the travel and hospitality industries, such as airlines and hotels. They are also employed by producers of cultural products, such as concerts and visual art. The ongoing advancements in these technologies are expected to broaden their existing applications.
Deciphering m6A signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma: Single‐cell insights, immune landscape, and the protective role of IGFBP3
Authors: Chen Shujia , Liu Jie , Zhang Shuting , Zhao Lili , Zhang Jindong , Han Ping , Zhang Qian , Liu Yao , Wang Fengmei , Li Jia
Published: February 2024

RNA m6 methyladenosine (m6A) modifications impact tumor biology and immune processes, particularly in hepatocellular malignant tumors. Using a consensus clustering algorithm on 371 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples, we identified three m6A‐modified subtypes and correlated them with positive tumor microenvironment (TME) markers for distinct immune phenotypes. Stratifying patients based on m6A scores revealed a low presentation group with better immune penetration, lower tumor mutation load, and increased expression of immune checkpoint markers like CTLA‐4 and PD‐1, suggesting enhanced responsiveness to immunization therapy. A machine‐learning model of 23 m6A genes was constructed. Single‐cell analysis revealed a surprising enrichment of IGFBP3 in astrocytes, prompting the exploration of associated signaling pathways. Experimental verification shows that IGFBP3 is significantly enhanced in normal tissues, while immunohistochemical analysis shows that its expression is lower in tumor tissues, indicating its protective effect in HCC and a good prognosis. Importantly, high IGFBP3 expression is associated with better outcomes in patients receiving immunotherapy. Moreover, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) experiments have confirmed that high expression of IGFBP3 is associated with stronger T cell‐killing ability. In summary, the comprehensive evaluation of m6A modification, immune characteristics, and single‐cell analysis in this study not only revealed the TME of HCC but also made significant contributions to the progress of personalized HCC immunotherapy targeting IGFBP3. This study provides a solid theoretical foundation for clinical translation and emphasizes its potential impact on developing effective treatment strategies.
Widening Teachers' Reading Repertoires: Moving beyond a Popular Childhood Canon
Authors: Cremin Teresa , Mukherjee Sarah Jane , Aerila Juli‐Anna , Kauppinen Merja , Siipola Mari , Lähteelä Johanna
Published: February 2024

To develop a love of reading in the young, teachers need rich repertoires of children's literature and other texts. However, the significance of this subject knowledge is rarely given the attention it deserves in policy, practice, or training contexts. This article, drawing on survey data from England and Finland, underlines these concerns. It reveals that in line with the surveys of practicing teachers, preservice teachers in the study also rely upon a narrow range of high‐profile authors, mainly from childhood, and that these very distinctly lack diversity. The authors reflect on the reasons for professional over‐reliance on this popular childhood canon and the potentially constraining consequences for child readers. They present key approaches to enable educators to develop diverse, in‐depth literary repertoires and argue for the development of Reading Teachers—informed reading role models who effectively deploy responsibility, rigor, and relevance: the three Rs of reading for pleasure.
Identifying predictors for comorbidities related mortality versus pancreatic cancer related mortality in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
Authors: Sekine Katsunori , Nagata Naoyoshi , Hisada Yuya , Yamamoto Kenjiro , Mukai Shuntaro , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Machitori Akihiro , Kojima Yasushi , Yada Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Natsuyo , Uemura Naomi , Itoi Takao , Kawai Takashi
Published: February 2024

Backgrounds

Few data are available for surveillance decisions focusing on factors related to mortality, as the primary outcome, in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) patients.

Aims

We aimed to identify imaging features and patient backgrounds associated with mortality risks by comparing pancreatic cancer (PC) and comorbidities.

Methods

We retrospectively conducted a multicenter long‐term follow‐up of 1864 IPMN patients. Competing risk analysis was performed for PC‐ and comorbidity‐related mortality.

Results

During the median follow‐up period of 5.5 years, 14.0% (261/1864) of patients died. Main pancreatic duct ≥5 mm and mural nodules were significantly related to all‐cause and PC‐related mortality, whereas cyst ≥30 mm did not relate. In 1730 patients without high‐risk imaging features, 48 and 180 patients died of PC and comorbidity. In the derivation cohort, a prediction model for comorbidity‐related mortality was created, comprising age, cancer history, diabetes mellitus complications, chronic heart failure, stroke, paralysis, peripheral artery disease, liver cirrhosis, and collagen disease in multivariate analysis. If a patient had a 5 score, 5‐ and 10‐year comorbidity‐related mortality is estimated at 18.9% and 50.2%, respectively, more than 7 times higher than PC‐related mortality. The model score was also significantly associated with comorbidity‐related mortality in a validation cohort.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates main pancreatic duct dilation and mural nodules indicate risk of PC‐related mortality, identifying patients who need periodic examination. A comorbidity‐related mortality prediction model based on the patient's age and comorbidities can stratify patients who do not require regular tests, especially beyond 5 years, among IPMN patients without high‐risk features.

Clinical trial registration

T2022‐0046.
Function of the turbo‐sail airfoil applied to the Darrieus wind turbine
Authors: Ono Yoshimichi , Sayama Ryosuke , Murai Yuichi , Park Hyun Jin , Tasaka Yuji
Published: February 2024

The use of a turbo‐sail airfoil to improve the power generation of a Darrieus wind turbine was examined. The turbo‐sail airfoil comprises a symmetric blade from which a high‐speed tangential jet is produced to suppress flow separation. For a steady angle of attack, we experimentally confirmed an anti‐stall function of the airfoil at an angle of attack up to and exceeding 30°. Considering the case of the rotation of a single blade of a Darrieus wind turbine, the flow field was replaced with a non‐separated stream around the airfoil particularly even at a tip‐speed ratio lower than 3. The pressure field and local lift‐to‐drag ratio measured by particle image velocimetry quantitatively supported the expected anti‐stall function. Improvements in the torque and power coefficient were estimated from measurements considering the external power consumed in supplying the jet.
A Tb(III) Complex Based on 3‐Pyridylacetic Showing Luminescent Detection for Fe3+ Ion
Authors: Liu Fang , Lu Ying‐Bing , Zhou Yu‐Lin , Lei Yu , Wang Bei‐Bei , Yang Wei , Chen Wen‐Tong , Zhu Shui‐Dong
Published: February 2024

A new Tb(III) complex based on 3‐pyridylacetic acid, [Tb(H(3‐PAA)2)(NO3)2] (1, 3‐PAA=3‐pyridylacetic acid), has been triumphantly prepared and structurally characterized. Complex 1 is a 1D chained structure linked by carboxylate groups of the 3‐PAA ligand, and its 2D supramolecular packing is controlled mainly by hydrogen‐bonds. The compound exhibits outstanding thermal stability and excellent stability under ethanol solutions. Moreover, compound 1 shows a strong solid‐state green‐emitting emission at room temperature, which demonstrates that the ligand can effectively sensitize the emission of the Tb(III) ion, and it can serve as a responsive sensing material for detecting the Fe3+ ion in ethanol solutions.
Crystal Structure and Optical Characteristics of K2Nd2O(BO3)2
Authors: Feng Jingcheng , Shen Jun , Zhang Guochun
Published: February 2024

A rare earth oxyborate crystal K2Nd2O(BO3)2 has been grown by means of high temperature solution method for the first time. It crystallizes in monoclinic P21/c (No. 14) space group, and the lattice parameters are a=11.318(6) Å, b=6.575(4) Å, c=10.689(6) Å, β=117.062(12)°, and Z=4. The absorption spectrum, emission spectrum, and fluorescence lifetime of K2Nd2O(BO3)2 have been evaluated, and the foundational spectral parameters have been analysed according to the Judd‐Ofelt theory. The high concentration of activated ions (1.13×1022 ions/cm3), large absorption coefficient (87.63 cm−1), long fluorescence lifetime (91.2 μs), and large emission cross section (2.03×10−20 cm2) of K2Nd2O(BO3)2 suggest its potential applications of microchip lasers.
Topological entanglement entropy for torus-knot bipartitions and the Verlinde-like formulas
Authors: Lo Chih-Yu , Chang Po-Yao
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The topological Rényi and entanglement entropies depend on the bipartition of the manifold and the choice of the ground states. However, these entanglement quantities remain invariant under a coordinate transformation when the bipartition also undergoes the identical transformation. In topological quantum field theories (TQFTs), these coordinate transformations reduce to representations of the mapping class group on the manifold of the Hilbert space. We employ this invariant property of the Rényi and entanglement entropies under coordinate transformations for TQFTs in (2 + 1) dimensions on a torus with various bipartitions. By utilizing the replica trick and the surgery method to compute the topological Rényi and entanglement entropies, the invariant property results in Verlinde-like formulas. Furthermore, for the bipartition with interfaces as two non-intersecting torus knots, an SL(2, ℤ) transformation can untwist the torus knots, leading to a simple bipartition with an effective ground state. This invariant property allows us to demonstrate that the topological entanglement entropy has a lower bound −2 ln D, where D is the total quantum dimensions of the system.
Logarithmic soft graviton theorems from superrotation Ward identities
Authors: Agrawal Shreyansh , Donnay Laura , Nguyen Kevin , Ruzziconi Romain
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Soft graviton theorems receive one-loop contributions that are logarithmic in the energy of the soft graviton, and which are closely related to tails of gravitational waveforms. We demonstrate that these logarithmic corrections are encoded in the Ward identity of superrotation symmetries, i.e. they follow from conservation of superrotation charge across spatial infinity i0. Our proof relies on a careful analysis of the radiative phase space admitting such gravitational tails, and the determination of the fluxes through null infinity $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
that act as canonical generators of superrotations on both gravitational and matter fields. All logarithmic terms are derived from the fluxes through correlations of the supertranslation Goldstone mode, provided care is taken in manipulating gravitationally interacting (i.e. dressed) rather than free fields. In cases where massive particles take part in the scattering process, logarithmic corrections also partly arise from the superrotation charge generator at timelike infinity i±.