bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiogram changes in patients with end stage renal disease on chronic haemodialysis
Authors: Yousif Kareem Mohsin , Al Jaaed Hamid Obaid Khadhim
Published: October 2019

Background: End stage renal disease (ESRD) is irreversible loss of renal function which is physiologically defined by a GFR of less than 15 ml / minute. ESRD is associated with a higher incidence of coronary artery disease and serious arrhythmia especially ventricular arrhythmia. The goal of study is to determine whether ESRD and haemodialysis (HD)are associated with occurrence of significant electrocardiogram (ECG) changes or not.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study design which involved 22 patients with ESRD on regular HD in Al Sadre teaching hospital / Al Najaf. Both sexes was included in this study. All patients underwent full medical history and examination which included the following aspects: Age, Sex, Occupation, BP, HR, RBS, B.urea, S.creatinine , Serum electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++), Lipid profile (Cholesterol , Triglyceride, HDL, LDL), Duration of CRF, Duration of dialysis, Social history including (smoking, alcohol) and Drug used by the patient. Resting EGC and Hotler ECG.Results: Eighteen patients exhibited emergence of simple ectopic activity premature atrial complex (PAC) and premature ventricular complex (PVC) events and four patients exhibited (ST,T changes). Potentially lethal arrhythmias and other serious ECG changes are not detected in our patient’s sample.Conclusion: In this study, neither ESRD nor haemodialysis were associated with development of serious ECG changes or emergence of significant arrhythmia.
DEVELOPING DESIGN ALTERNATIVES BASED ON ONTOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Gaibova T.V. , Pavlovich T.V. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2019

The article describes ontological models along with the technology of their application in decision making on the launch and implementation of industrial investment projects. The ontology development is based on the production, marketing, and financial project implementation strategies available for the decision-makers. It accounts for the managed and partially-managed negative risks. The article describes the project domain ontology and the scenario generation process. The authors provide an example of the generated ontologies use for the design alternatives selection in the project of concrete products manufacture setup. The novel feature is the research into the possibility to formalize the design alternative development process at the level of scenarios, which account for the project implementation strategy and potential risks. This requires outlining certain concepts, links, and knowledge interpretation tools in the ontology generation, as well as identifying the nodes, the scope and the content of the scenario nodes with regard to the industrial investment PLC.
ONTOLOGY MODELS FOR TRANSFORMATION OF DATA ABOUT THE STATE OF TECHNICAL OBJECTS
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Institute for Information and Automation RAS. Saint Petersburg, Russia, Zhukova N.A.
Published: October 2019

To monitor technical objects many sensors are installed on them, which allows to collect data about these objects. The processes of data processing are determined according to the properties of the collected data and the practical problems that are solved. When data or requirements to the results of its processing change, the processes are rebuilt. To ensure efficient processing, a method and model of data transformation are proposed. They provide a formal description of the sequences of transformations in a general form, as well as their presentation in the form of processing processes. For the practical implementation of the method, it is proposed to represent transformations in the form of a number of linked ontological models, including functional, informational, and process-service models. The construction of models is carried out using rules that are organized in the form of a control model. An ontological model for the transformation of data presented in the form of time series is considered. The structure of its classes is determined by classifiers defined for the initial time series and their representations, as well as methods, algorithms and procedures for their processing and evaluation of results. An example of processing the results of measurements of pressure parameters of a technical object for space purposes during the technical control of its condition is given.
Effects of ethanol extract of the resin exudate of boswellia dalzielii hutch on pain in mice
Authors: Vedekoi Jeweldai , Dongmo Selestin Sokeng , Juliette Koubé , Pierre Kamtchouing
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to determine the analgesic properties and the acute toxicity of Ethanol Extract of the Resin Exudate of Boswellia dalzielii (EERBD) in mice animal model. We used the writhing or acetic acid abdominal constriction, tail-immersion, and hot plate tests to assess the analgesic effect of EERBD at three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). To study the acute toxicity of EERBD, 24 female mice were divided into four groups (n=6) and were orally treated with EERBD at the doses of 0, 2000, 4000, and 5000 mg/kg, as per OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines No. 420. In the acetic acid-induced writhing reflex model, the EERBD ministration decreased the mean total number of writhes at the two doses (100 and 400 mg/kg), which were found highly significant (P < 0.001) compared to control group. In the tail immersion model, the EERBD administration at the dose of 400 mg/kg significantly increased the pain reaction time (P < 0.001 as compared to control) at 30 min, but another tested sample had no significant latency. In the hot-plate model, the drug extract created significant (P < 0.001) increase in the latency period compared to the control group at oral doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg when compared to initial time and control group (4.5 ± 1.29 s) with protective effect from 4.25 ± 1.50 s after 30 min. Administration of EERBD at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no significant analgesic activity based on writing, tail immersion, and hot-plate tests. The extract did not show toxicity signs or death at dose of less than 5000 mg/kg per oral. The results suggest that EERBD contain bioactive substances with analgesics effects; hence, it might be a better alternative to conventional drug therapy for pain management.
Je suis Shakespeare: The Making of Shared Identities in France and Europe in Crisis
Authors: Fayard Nicole
Published: October 2019

This essay investigates the ways in which Shakespearean production speaks to France and wider European crises in 2015 and 2016. The Tempest and Romeo and Juliet were directed by Jérôme Hankins and Eric Ruf respectively in December 2015 and reflected significant contemporaneous issues, including: (1) two Paris terrorist attacks which sent shock waves throughout France and Europe; (2) the belief that shared identities were under threat; (3) concerns over shifting power dynamics in Europe. The portrayal of these issues and their reception bring into question the extent to which cultural productions can help to promote social change or shape perceptions of national and pan-European events. This essay focuses on whether the plays successfully complicate binary narratives around cultural politics in a context of crises by creating alternative representations of difference and mobilities. It concludes that appropriating Shakespeare’s cultural authority encourages some degree of public debate. However, the function of Shakespeare’s drama remains strongly connected to its value as an agent of cultural, political and commercial mobility, ultimately making it difficult radically to challenge ideologies.
İŞTE VAR OLAMAMA, İŞ TATMİNSİZLİĞİ VE İŞ YÜKÜNÜN İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİNE ETKİSİ: ISPARTA İLİ ÇAĞRI MERKEZİ ÇALIŞANLARI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ATİLLA Gaye , YILDIRIM Gizem , BAYSAL Havvanur
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çağrı merkezi çalışanların işte var
olamama, iş tatminsizliği ve iş yükünün işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki
etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada öncelikle işte var olamama, iş
tatminsizliği, iş yükü ve işten ayrılma niyeti kavramları ilgili literatür
çerçevesinde araştırılmış, akabinde ilişkilere yönelik hipotezler
geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada ele alınan kavramlar, Isparta ilinde çağrı
merkezinde çalışan işgörenler örnekleminde araştırma değişkenleri olarak
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama tekniği olarak anket formu kullanılmış
ve toplam 114 işgörenden kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen
verilere, SPSS 20 programında frekans, güvenilirlik, korelasyon ve regresyon
analizleri uygulanmıştır. Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; işten ayrılma
niyeti ile işte var olamama, iş yükü ve iş tatminsizliği arasında pozitif yönlü
ve kuvvetli anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bir başka yönden regresyon
analizi sonucunda işte var olamama, iş yükü ve iş tatminsizliğinin işten
ayrılma niyetini üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Buna göre
çalışanlarının işte var olamama, iş yükü ve iş tatminsizliğinin artması
durumunda işten ayrılma niyeti düzeylerinin artacağı söylenebilir.
Efecto de un entrenamiento corto en habilidades de comunicación con el método CICAA (conectar, identificar, comprender, acordar y ayudar), en médicos residentes de una universidad peruana
Authors: Ticse Aguirre Ray Willy , Cuba Fuentes Maria Sofia , Nestares Rojas José Argentino , Aguilera Luis
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de un entrenamiento corto en habilidades de comunicación con el método CICAA (conectar, identificar, comprender, acordar y ayudar) en una universidad de Lima-Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio de intervención antes y después, donde cada médico residente fue su propio control. Participantes: 25 médicos residentes del primer año académico de los programas de especialización en medicina familiar, medicina interna y pediatría de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH). Intervención: Entrenamiento en entrevista clínica basado en el método CICAA. El método CICAA incluye cuatro tareas agrupadas en tres dominios: Conectar (dominio 1), Identificar y comprender (dominio 2), Acordar y Ayudar (dominio 3). Se realizó un entrenamiento de 26 horas de duración, el cual consistió en clases teóricas, talleres, role-play de escenarios diseñados por los docentes y alumnos. Se diseñó una evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada (ECOE) con la participación de dos pacientes estandarizados. Se utilizó el score CICAA para calificar la entrevista clínica tanto antes como una semana después del entrenamiento. Resultados: La media de la calificación total antes del entrenamiento fue de 29,84 ± 1,44; 8,72 ± 0,33, 12,8 ± 1,02 y 8,32 ± 0,67 para los dominios 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente. Después del entrenamiento, la calificación total fue de 40,84 ± 1,32; 11 ± 0,26, 16,04 ± 1,01 y 13,44 ± 0,51, para los dominios 1,2 y 3, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La implementación de un entrenamiento corto sobre habilidades de comunicación basado en teoría y juego de roles tiene un impacto positivo en una evaluación temprana.
Factores asociados a la elección de psiquiatría como especialidad en internos de medicina de dos universidades privadas del Perú
Authors: Cedillo Ramírez Lucy Perla Gulliana , Correa López Lucy Elena , De La Cruz Vargas Jhony Alberto
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la elección de psiquiatría como especialidad médica en internos de medicina de dos universidades privadas del Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en internos de medicina de las universidades Ricardo Palma y San Juan Bautista. Se les administró tres instrumentos: El Inventario de Personalidad – Eysenck para adultos (EPI), la Escala de Valoración del Proceso Enseñanza – Aprendizaje, y el Cuestionario General de Salud Mental de Goldberg (QHG-12), para el estudio de las variables personalidad, percepción del proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje del curso de psiquiatría y psicopatología respectivamente. Se utilizó la prueba estadística X2 cuadrado para determinar la existencia de asociación entre las variables. Resultados: De los 223 internos de medicina estudiados, 35 (15,7%) manifestaron que elegirán psiquiatría como especialidad. La elección de psiquiatría como especialidad se asoció con: personalidad sanguínea (p=0,001); extroversión (p=0,02) y ser emocionalmente estable (p=0,03). Por otro lado, el estudio no evidenció asociación significativa entre las variables sexo, parientes con carreras afines al área de la salud mental y psicopatología con la elección de psiquiatría. Conclusiones: Existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el tipo de personalidad y la elección de psiquiatría. Los internos de medicina que les interesa especializarse en psiquiatría, por lo general tienen una personalidad tipo sanguínea, además son extrovertidos y emocionalmente estables.
Consideraciones éticas relacionadas al manejo de muestras de investigación en cáncer
Authors: Castañeda Carlos A. , Castillo Miluska , Vásquez Jule , Bernabe Luis A. , Gomez Henry L. , Sarria-Bardales Gustavo , Sanchez Juvenal
Published: October 2019

El análisis molecular de material biológico humano permite la identificación de futuros biomarcadores para mejorar el manejo de pacientes con cáncer. Sin embargo, el manejo de estas muestras requiere consideraciones éticas particulares. Distintas organizaciones como el Consejo Europeo y agencias de gobierno de Estados Unidos han generado distintos documentos con definiciones, mecanismos y reglamentos para evitar poner en riesgo de daño o vulnerar los derechos de los donantes de muestras biológicas. Finalmente, todos estos documentos han evolucionado en el tiempo y han permitido que las instituciones de investigación cuenten con comités y regulaciones en ética estándares. Así, las instituciones legales puedan crear precedentes y generar sentencias coherentes.
Comentarios acerca de la carta el editor Estado nutricional en una población pediátrica de una zona rural de Cusco, Perú
Authors: Breibat-Timpo Ronny
Published: October 2019

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A propósito del artículo “Utilidad de la angiografía pulmonar por tomografía computarizada en las salas de emergencia de un hospital nacional de EsSalud”
Authors: Porras-Guillermo Jorge
Published: October 2019

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El papel de Facebook Grupos en la educación médica peruana
Authors: Samir Cubas Wildor , Centeno-Leguía Dercy , Gómez-Briceño Angie
Published: October 2019

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Neumatización del seno esfenoidal evaluada con tomografía computarizada de haz cónico
Authors: Sthorayca Retamozo Fernando Russbelts , Quezada Márquez Milushka Miroslava , Ruiz García de Chacón Vilma Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

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Morbilidad ambulatoria y hospitalaria en el Perú. Cambios entre los años 2011 y 2015
Authors: Guillén López Otto Barnaby , Casas Castañeda Jorge Alberto
Published: October 2019

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Molecular characterization of ochratoxin A-producing fungi isolated from poultry feed
Authors: Gherbawy Youssuf A. , El-Dawy Eman G.A. , Mohamed Hams M.A.
Published: October 2019

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites mainly produced by Aspergillus spp. fungi. Further fungal characterization and mycotoxin estimation in feed are crucial measures for animal health and safety. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize mycotoxin-producing fungi in poultry feed. Forty poultry ration samples were collected and were subjected to morphological and molecular as well as to phylogenetic analyses of Aspergillus section Nigri. On average, 40% (16 of 40 samples) were contaminated with Aspergillus section Nigri fungi. Moreover, A. niger and A. tubingensis were identified and characterized in the contaminated poultry feed using molecular and phylogenetic analyses. Furthermore, our results showed that ochratoxin A was produced by some fungal isolates indicating their mycotoxigenicity.  In conclusion, A. niger and A. tubingensis contaminate poultry feed and can produce mycotoxins under optimal conditions. Furthermore, several preventive and control measures should be undertaken to reduce the occurrence of fungal contamination and toxin production in poultry rations.
Modulation of claudins expression in the gastrointestinal tract by probiotics
Authors: Mohammed Elsayed S. I. , Radey Rasha , Ahmed Mohamed S.
Published: October 2019

The aim was to examine the expression of tight junction proteins, namely claudins 1 and 5 (CLD1 and 5) and the effects of probiotics-feeding on their expression in the gastrointestinal tract. In experiment 1, the expression of CLD1 and 5 was examined in chicks fed with starter rations for 7 days post-hatching. At day 7 the proventriculus, ileum, cecum and colon were collected for RT-PCR analysis of CLD1 and 5 gene expression. In experiment 2, the chicks were arranged in 3 groups: control group, probiotics group I and probiotics group II, which were fed with starter rations containing 0, 0.2 or 0.4% probiotics, respectively, for 14 days. The proventriculus, ileum, cecum and colon were collected in all groups at D0, D7 and D14 for analysis of CLD1 and 5 expressions by real time PCR. The expressions of CLD1 and 5 were detectable in all segments. Probiotics-feeding did not affect the expression of the CLD1 at D7 and D14 in the proventriculus, ileum and cecum. However, in the colon the expression of CLD1 was higher in probiotic group I than control and probiotics group II. The expression of CLD5 did not show significant differences except in the colon at D7 where control group was higher than that of D0 and D14 and higher in probiotic group I than probiotics group II. These results suggest that probiotics-feeding may not have effects on the gene expressions of CLD1 and 5 in the proventriculus, ileum and cecum. In contrast, probiotics-feeding may enhance the expression of CLD1 in the colon of broiler chicks. This result suggest that probiotics-feeding enhanced the expression of CLD1 in the colon and may help in maintaining tight junction functions and reducing the risk by pathogenic invasions.
The QBIT Theory of Consciousness
Authors: Beshkar Majid
Published: October 2019

The QBIT theory is an attempt toward solving the problem of consciousness based on empirical evidence provided by various scientific disciplines including quantum mechanics, biology, information theory, and thermodynamics. This theory formulates the problem of consciousness in the following four questions: (1) What is the nature of qualia? (2) How are qualia generated? (3) Why are qualia subjective? (4) Why does a quale have a particular quality or meaning?In sum, the QBIT theory proposes that (1) when a pack of quantum information is compressed beyond a certain threshold, a quale is generated; (2) a quale is a superdense pack of maximally entangled qubits in a pure state; (3) when information-theoretic certainty of a system about an external stimulus exceeds a particular level, the system becomes conscious of that stimulus; (4) subjectivity of consciousness is due to the fact that maximally entangled pure states are private and unshareable.
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Update on the Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, Resistance and on Innovative Treatment Strategies
Authors: Noguera Nélida Inés , Catalano Gianfranco , Banella Cristina , Divona Mariadomenica , Faraoni Isabella , Ottone Tiziana , Arcese William , Voso Maria Teresa
Published: October 2019

In this review, we highlight new findings that have deepened our understanding of the mechanisms of leukemogenesis, therapy and resistance in APL. PML-RARa sets the cellular landscape of Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by repressing transcription of RARa target genes and disrupting PML-NBs. RAR receptors control the homeostasis of tissue growth, modeling and regeneration, PML NBs are involved in self-renewal of normal and cancer stem cells, DNA damage response, senescence and stress response. Additional somatic mutations in APL mainly involve FLT3, WT1, NRAS, KRAS, ARID1B and ARID1A genes. Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed APL improved dramatically since the advent of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). ATRA activates the transcription of blocked genes and degrades PML-RARα, while ATO degrades PML-RARa by promoting apoptosis and has a pro-oxidant effect. Resistance to ATRA and ATO may derive from mutations in the RARa ligand binding domain (LBD) and in the PML-B2 domain of PML-RARa, but such mutations cannot explain the majority of resistances experienced in the clinic, globally accounting for 5-10% of cases. Several studies are ongoing to unravel clonal evolution and resistance, suggesting the therapeutic potential of new retinoid molecules and combinatorial treatments of ATRA or ATO with different drugs acting through alternative mechanisms of action, which may lead to synergistic effects on growth control or induction of apoptosis in APL cells.
Currículo, Transgressão e Diálogo: quando Outras Possibilidades se Tornam Necessárias
Authors: Moreira Antonio Flavio , Silva Júnior Paulo Melgaço da
Published: October 2019

O século XXI tem sido caracterizado pela explosão de novas identidades políticas. Discutimos, neste texto, como a escola e o currículo vêm sendo afetados por essas mudanças. Defendemos uma apropriação das teorias tradicionais e críticas, em um trabalho estimulado pela promoção de um diálogo que favoreça novas formas de interação, de participação, de avaliação, de compreensão e de transgressão. Sugerimos que nesse processo se resgate a importância do conhecimento escolar.
Closed Compared with Open Reduction in Developmentally Dislocated Hips
Authors: Castañeda Pablo G. , Moses Michael J.
Published: October 2019

» The treatment of developmental dislocation of the hip after walking age continues to be controversial.

» Success can be considered in terms of the rates of osteonecrosis or proximal growth disturbance, the rate of recurrent dislocation, and residual dysplasia.

» Case series are small and have many confounders.

» The rate of residual dysplasia is lowest after an open reduction and pelvic osteotomy.
Pengembangan Startup Guna Meningkatkan Penjualan Beras Organik di Kabupaten Banyuwangi Memanfaatkan Metode Design Sprint
Authors: Susanto Eko Heri , Hadiq Hadiq
Published: October 2019

Kabupaten Banyuwangi provinsi Jawa Timur, merupakan salah produsen beras organik yang berhasil mengekspor produknya ke luar negri. PT. Sirtanio Indonesia adalah salah satu perusahaan yang memproduksi beras organik di Banyuwangi. Salah satu permasalahan PT. Sirtanio Indonesia yang menjadi mitra dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah bagaimana meningkatkan penjualan beras organik di Indonesia khususnya di Banyuwangi. Untuk itu kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ditujukan untuk mengembangkan perusahaan rintisan atau startup guna membantu mitra untuk meningkatlan penjualan beras organik tersebut. Guna mengoptimalkan proses pemetaan masalah dan solusi yang dihadirkan oleh startup tersebut, dalam kegiatan ini dimanfaatkan metode google design sprint. Dengan pemanfaatan metode google design sprint ini, terbukti hanya perlu waktu kurang lebih 1 (satu) tahun, untuk memastikan proses bisnis perusahaan rintisan bisa berjalan dengan baik. Adapun media untuk promosi dan penjualan beras organic, dapat diakses melalui website https://organiku.id. Dari serangkaian kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, dapat dibuktikan bahwa penjualan beras organik ditingkatkan. Tercatat dari bulan April 2018 sampai dengan Januari 2019, sudah ada transaksi penjualan sebanyak 257 Kilogram (Kg). Sebagai upaya untuk melegalkan proses bisnis perusahaan rintisan ini, maka telah berhasil didirikan badan usaha yang berbentuk perseroan komanditer yang bernama CV. Pipo Organiku, dengan akta notaris nomor 36, tanggal 24 September 2018
BIOMARKER SIGNATURES IN TRIASSIC COPROLITES
Authors: UMAMAHESWARAN RAMAN , PRASAD G.V.R. , RUDRA ARKA , DUTTA SURYENDU
Published: October 2019

Coprolites are traditionally analyzed from a morphological perspective. Few studies exist from an organic geochemical perspective, and most of these consider recent specimens. This study represents an analysis of coprolites from deep time, using both traditional one-dimensional and also two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We find organic molecules preserved in coprolites from the Triassic, and that both dietary habits of the defecators and paleoenvironment can be interpreted using comparative distributions of biomarker abundances in the coprolites. Steranes having 27 carbon atoms are known to be derived from animal steroids whereas those with 29 carbon atoms are known to be derived from plant steroids. The predominance of steranes with 27 carbon atoms over those with 29 carbon atoms in a non-marine environment was interpreted as evidence for the defecator(s) being predominantly carnivorous or possibly omnivorous. A series of tricyclic terpanes ranging from C19 to C28 was examined to determine the environment. The present study suggests that one or possibly all of the defecators may have been small-medium carnivores that lived in an aquatic or near aquatic setting.
Gas/Condensate Fields Development : Subsea to Shore Cost Effective Solution
Authors: Riviere Luc , Boireau Clement , Mackenzie Rory
Published: October 2019

In remote offshore locations or in harsh environment, the development costs of gas/condensate fields must be reduced, in order to keep them economically viable.

For these offshore gas/condensate fields, the best economic solution is often a Subsea to Shore scenario, as the cost of a stand-alone development is very high and as the operations in these locations are quite complicated.

The Subsea to Shore scheme for gas/condensate fields can either be a conventional one (as already implemented in North Sea, mainly in Norway), or an innovative one - installing new subsea technologies, using subsea processing and implementing alternative production strategies that reconsider the distribution of facilities between subsea and onshore.

Through an existing gas/condensate field example, operated by TOTAL in the North Sea, in harsh environment and in a remote location, this paper examines the impact on development costs of the following innovations : –an innovative hydrate management strategy (continuous injection of LDHI Anti-Agglomerate instead of MEG continuous injection),–an innovative production strategy (such as subsea pigging instead of having two production lines allowing the pigging),–an innovative subsea technologies (such as all electrical technology for subsea production systems instead of hydraulic systems),–and innovative subsea processing (such as subsea chemical storage and injection instead of complicated and costly umbilical).

This paper shows that a combination of alternative production strategies and new subsea technologies can significantly improve the economics of gas/condensate fields, for remote offshore fields or for fields in harsh environment, without jeopardizing HSE performance or production availability.
Successful Application of Scale Squeeze Inhibitor in Tengiz Field
Authors: Kamispayev Akylbek , Gazizova Elima , Skopich Anton , Munbayev Timur , Neubauer Edward , Clarke John
Published: October 2019

The deposition of scale in the near-well formation and production string can result in a significant decrease in well productivity. Properly designed scale inhibitor squeezes can successfully prevent scale deposition and extend well performance. Even though most wells in the Tengiz field produce virtually water free oil (less than 1% watercut (WC)), inorganic scales have been observed in many of these wells. Frequent acid stimulations are required to maintain the optimum well performance.

An extensive research project was initiated to reduce the need for frequent acid treatments and still maintain well deliverability at sustained rates. To identify an effective scale inhibitor product, inhibitor-brine compatibility testing and dynamic tube-blocking performance testing were conducted. Field application of the selected inhibitor in both low and high rate wells has verified the effectiveness of the squeezes. Treatment with the scale inhibitor attained sustainable well productivity and delayed the need for subsequent acid stimulation treatments.

This paper will share the best practices in scale inhibitor design, inhibitor selection, identification of well candidates, the execution and post treatment surveillance stages. Case studies shown to illustrate the performance of scale inhibitor squeezes in Tengiz.
Using of Ultra Deep Reservoir Mapping and Formation Evaluation Technologies for Exploration of Northern Caspian Field by ERD Well
Authors: Shtun Sergey , Golenkin Mikhail , Shtun Artem , Golubtsov Ruslan , Dovgopolyy Victor , Kuzakov Vitaly , Mityagin Artem , Shaymardanov Niyaz
Published: October 2019

The fields in the northern part of the Caspian Sea are characterized by a complex geological structure, which increases the level of uncertainty and risks associated with the planning and drilling of production wells. These problems are most evident in the development of fields with a thin oil rim, where the position of the profile of producing wells in relation to fluid contacts and fracture failures becomes critical for subsequent production. The experience of drilling in this region shows that even in the case of brown fields, there are areas with high structural and lithological uncertainties, which require additional geological study before making decisions on drilling of new production horizontal wells. If a significant area of the field needs to be further explored, drilling of a vertical or inclined pilot hole is often a common practice in the industry may not be informative in compartmentalized reservoirs. In such conditions, it seems reasonable to use extended horizontal wells as pilot holes, as it will allow to obtain information about the geological structure from a much larger area.

In the case of horizontal pilot hole drilling through the reservoir rocks within the oil-saturated zone, it is possible to determine the position of the top and bottom either by fluctuations of the trajectory between the reservoir boundaries or by application of ultra-deep electro-magnetic methods of geological section imaging.

The paper presents the method of drilling ERD horizontal pilot sections with the use of the latest technologies in local exploration of structural plan, which is well established for detailed improvement of the geological model, under the condition of its integration with seismic data, as well as for the estimation of residual reserves for planning new production horizontal wells.
Digital Twin of a Research Organization: Approaches and Methods
Authors: Khasanov Mars , Krasnov Fedor
Published: October 2019

Competition urges business to adopt the concept of digital twins. In some industry sectors, digital twins are already firmly in place: there are digital twins of plants and cities. However, in the industries where the core product is knowledge, digital twins are not yet in great demand. There is no doubt that research organizations have a backbone, corporate culture, values which help them carry out their unique work. By modeling these internal hidden features of an organization, we can get unique tools for forecasting and managing the technology strategy. A digital twin of a science and technology center may be viewed as a special system model type, which uncovers such hidden phenomena as creation of new branches and schools of thought and the extent of creative burnout and fatigue of the team.

Prototyping, as an engineering discipline, has been in existence for over 30 years and, at first glance, is doing the same thing. However, unlike the prototype, the digital twin does not aim to quickly implement basic functionality to analyze the operation of the system as a whole.

Therefore, in order to understand the advantages of digital twins, it is necessary to understand the new opportunities they offer. Going from general to specific, the authors chose a science and technology center as a focus for their analysis, considered the approaches to building a digital twin, and then summed up those approaches. As a result, they have current research hypotheses that have to be checked before creating the digital twin of an organization or its part aiming to produce new knowledge.

Finally, we provide the results of the simulation of the digital twin model.
Future Geosteering and Well Placement Solutions from an Operator Perspective
Authors: Hermanrud Kristine , Antonsen Frank , Teixeira De Oliveira Maria Emilia , Agerlin Petersen Steen , Constable Monica
Published: October 2019

Innovative interpretation methods based on efficient measurements to map structure and fluids around high angle and horizontal wells while drilling are critical for future success in a marginal, but increasingly strategical, business on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). A high number of infill wells are expected to prolong the operational life of assets for the coming decades. Success of horizontal infill wells targeting bypassed zones are challenged by uncertainties in the subsurface description and by fluid content variation generated by differences in sweep efficiency over time. Optimizing well placement of such producer wells has a direct impact on cost and recovery. This could also potentially unlock targets not accessible today with currently used methods and technologies.

Driven by the advanced integration of subsurface information, the capacity of 3D mapping and characterization of the reservoir features has reached an unprecedented understanding level. Through the incorporation of data from real time LWD measurements, 1D and 2D ultra-deep azimuthal resistivity inversions, all the way to 3D and 4D surface seismic, it is now possible to describe in detail not just the structural and stratigraphic components but also the reservoir properties and fluid distribution along horizontal wells.

The key challenge is to establish more efficient workflows for advanced integration of subsurface information through new digital solutions transforming future geosteering and well placement solutions with 3D mapping and characterization real-time. Key elements of the integrated workflows and potential benefits in all phases of a well placement job will be discussed in this paper with examples from real cases from NCS.
Modelling of Fracture Geometry to Reduce the Risk of Intercepting Drilling Induced Fractures When Designing Sidetrack Trajectories
Authors: Allan Fergus , Shepherd David , Abbasov Abbas , Villinski Jennifer , Majidi Reza , Bagir Ibrahimov
Published: October 2019

During drilling operations fractures can be induced for a number of different reasons. When such a situation occurs it may be the favoured option to sidetrack from a shallower depth. In order to avoid intercepting the fracture it is useful to be able to model the plane of the fracture to inform sidetrack trajectory design. This paper will demonstrate an integrated approach to the design of such trajectories using the following techniques. Determination of maximum horizontal stress (SH) Orientation: This is obtained from a variety of sources. Caliper logs, Image logs, LWD image logs, and X-dipole sonic are all interpreted to provide the direction of SHmaxValidation of SHmax orientation: The above techniques are valid in near-vertical wells with deviation up to 20°. At higher deviations an understanding of the magnitude of SHmax is required. SHmax needs to be high enough to support the premise that breakout orientations still reflect the SHmax orientation at the higher deviations encountered. This validation is obtained by Geomechanical modelling which is calibrated to observations of breakout orientation and width.Fracture Detection: As well as knowing the orientation of the fracture it is important to identify the location and extent. The loss interval can be detected using time-lapse LWD resistivity. The as-drilled resistivity logs can be compared with repeat passes of resistivity logs post-losses to identify the loss interval. This can then be compared with the suspected loss zone from pre-drill pore pressure-fracture gradient (PPFG) model.Sidetrack Trajectory Design: Once the location and orientation of the fracture are known a model of the existing wellbore and fracture can be made. The trajectory of the sidetrack can be chosen to minimize the possibility of encountering the fracture and repeating the loss event.

Several examples will be presented where by following the proposed workflow sidetracks have been successfully drilled without issue.
Technological Opportunities to Increase Efficiency of Primary Recovery of High Viscous Oil
Authors: Maksimenko Andrey , Sherstoboev Eugene , Osipenko Aleksey , Akhmetov Aleksey , Demenev Roman
Published: October 2019

Oil reservoir of East-Messoyakha field formed of continental deposition environment is characterized by large degree of uncertainty and heterogeneity, observed even at a short distance from the wells. Other complicating factors are high viscous oil (110 centipoise), the presence of an active aquifer and a gas cap. In conditions of high uncertainties, as the geological concept of the field becomes more complex, the involvement of hard-to-recover reserves could be achieved by development of well drilling and well completion. Initially, there was information about the reservoir as a homogeneous reservoir with a thick gas cap and rim of highly viscous oil: the optimal row horizontal well pattern was chosen after calculations. Further studying of the reservoir clarified the idea of reservoir compartmentalization: the reservoir was divided into 3 cyclothems. For draining the maximum oil-saturated thickness from all of cyclothems, it was decided to drill low-angle well through them. With the next update of the conceptual model, theory of multiple-contact reservoir was supposed: development scheme was changed to primary drilling on cyclothem C with parallel study of the overlying objects. Based on the accumulated experience, Workflow was made. By a number of geological and technical criterias the design of well and completion type could be chosen. Besides, development scheme of the neighbor field analog is planned using this workflow. Using workflow allows choosing the optimal development system for a field with large lateral and vertical variability. Implemented development approaches that have changed in the course of a change in the geological concept can serve as experience in the initial assessment of the analogue-field development scheme.
Application of Alternative Tracer Technologies for Production Logging
Authors: Shestakov Dmitry , Galiev Marat , Badrtdinov Ilshat , Khamidullin Vadim , Ovchinnikov Kirill , Malyavko Evgeny
Published: October 2019

The present article highlights a new approach to solving objectives aimed at efficient and rational development of oil and gas fields based on conducted production logging of Kogalymneftegaz TME, LUKOIL-Western Siberia LLC horizontal wells with the application of marker-based technology Quantum PLT.

Well logging technology using markers is based on the application of quantum marker-reporters precisely indicating oil and water inflows. The placement of markers in the well implies two alternative technological solutions – application of marked proppant during MFrac or application of downhole cassettes with markers installed in the lower completion of the horizontal well. The advantages of the technology involve no necessity of well shut-in during downhole operations and the possibility to obtain an unlimited number of analytical data for a long period of time.

Marker-based technologies produced by different manufacturers differ in physical principles of operation, as well as in the methods of markers placement in the well or reservoir. The results of two alternative marker-based systems application in one well are shown in this article. This approach allowed us to compare the results and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these two technologies. The well was completed by MFrac with the possibility of further ports control with the application of coiled tubing service. Each of five well intervals was equipped with two marker cassettes fixed on both sides of the MFrac port. Three months later MFrac with pumping marked proppant was performed on the well.

As a result of the world-first field application of alternative marker-based systems, valuable analytical material was obtained on the quantitative analysis of various markers, the performance of different polymers, the stability of the markers allocation in the formation fluid. The data obtained confirmed the character of the marked proppant pack washing out with the formation fluid in comparison with cassettes with markers.

Moreover, the efficiency of conducted stimulation was evaluated, specific horizontal well inflow profile types were identified, the degree of the reservoir management system impact on the inflow profile was evaluated.

It has been demonstrated, that received analytical data based on horizontal wells production logging enable addressing the issues of field digitalization at a totally new level, including: –visualizing recovery in hydrodynamical models;–control of hydrocarbon recovery, also by improving water flooding efficiency and better management of injection wells;–efficient planning of well intervention and stimulation techniques;–optimization of horizontal sections length and the number of MFrac ports;–adapting the relevant geological and hydrodynamic models considering analytical data related to production logging data, etc.
HSE Orientation Process - Green Hat
Authors: Krujalo Aleksandra , Hasanguluyev Ayaz
Published: October 2019

The main objective of the HSE Orientation process - Green Hat (hereinafter Green Hat) is ensuring the awareness of the new hires about the potential hazards at the worksites and increase their safety competency level based on the unique training program connected to the staff performance management and competency assurance systems.

The Green Hat program is comprised of theoretical and on-the-job training phases, which are aligned with the probation period of employees and lasts 3 months. The program covers specific HSE topics related to operations in the O&G services industry. New hires complete the practical part of the program under the supervision of the mentor. To ensure safety of operations, new hires must wear a green hard hat in order to stand out from experienced employees. Once new hires successfully graduate the program, they become eligible to wear a white hard hat and move into the ranks of the regular operations team.

The Green Hat program enables new hires to become fully operational and adapt to the company's Safety culture and HSE standards in the shortest period of time. In addition, the program has generated the following benefits since its application:

Educated employees about safety, including its theoretical and practical aspects, with strong on-the-job training components;

Raised awarness and knowledge of new hires about safety policies, instructions and procedures in the short period of time;

Developed new hires’ skills allowing them to become proactive in all HSE matters, asessed the risk level of potential hazards and implemented adequate preventive actions in their daily activities;

Reduced incidents of safety violations;

Minimized injuries to and caused by new hires;

Improved mentoring and the learning culture at the work sites;

Improved operational performance of the company by reducing NPT and LTI;

Enhanced corporate financial performance by sustaining a strong safety culture and minimizing injuries, accidents, operational losses, and NPTs.

Several external audits have revealed and confirmed the strong safety performance benefits of the Green Hat program. The robustness of the program has been attested successful by ISO 9001, ISO 45001, ISO 14001 certification audits of the company.

Training of new employees on safety topics, achieving their full application of the safety culture and rules of the company at the work sites, on time feedback and assessment of new hires will lead to reduction in the number of accidents and hazards driven by human factors. The Green Hat program presents a full- cycle, cost-effective and feasible HSE orientation system that can be successfully applied in the circumstances of relatively young company operating in developing economies.
Collaborative and Multidiscipline Field Development Planning – A Caspian Case Study
Authors: Eliseeva Ekaterina , Hauchart Fabien , Wilson Scott , Mukhin Sergey
Published: October 2019

The process of creating, maturing and ultimately submitting a field development plan for a given resource is often complex, time consuming, and inefficient; perhaps inextricably linked to its multi-disciplinary nature. The workflow(s) traditionally used in today's industry are domain-centric, involve many discrete software programs resulting in a linear process which limits optimization and prevents cross-domain collaboration. The paper describes an innovative field development planning (FDP) methodology, utilizing deep domain expertise supported by leading-edge software technology and illustrates the benefits through a study case in the Caspian Sea.

Although well-established software tools exist for isolated parts of field layout, no existing platform integrates the equipment selection, systems knowledge, field layout, economics, and software simulations required for the entire planning process from feasibility studies to detail design and optimization. The paper describes an innovative field development planning methodology that combines lean project execution and uses the industry's first cloud-based collaborative subsea FDP software environment, providing efficiency and optimization. This is achieved by combining full-field economics with petroleum engineering disciplines, subsea systems engineering, subsea technology selection and installation knowledge spanning the entire planning process and visualized through a single working environment.

This paper demonstrates how the core value of multi-discipline domain knowledge can be truly integrated through the use of collaborative workflows based upon cloud-based platforms and how it transforms concept development and selection in the upstream industry.

In the early stages of exploitation planning, from the feasibility and concept selection phases, operators plan for the development of a field that will produce for 20 years or more. It is at this early phase that key Tier 1 level decisions are taken often with limited reservoir information and a significant range of uncertainty. The short duration of these initial stages inevitable means that operators rarely have the time or resources necessary to evaluate all possible development scenarios, and decisions are taken with less conviction or assurance than is desirable. As a result of this sub-optimal way of working, exploration and production companies are constantly seeking tools, methods and processes to enable the multi-scenario evaluation and option screening that will improve decision quality in field development planning.

This paper demonstrates this novel approach through a practical example of such an FDP study, focusing on a case study relevant to the Caspian region. The discussion seeks to illustrate how the single working environment improves collaboration between disciplines whilst identifying cost savings and opportunity gains of the recommended development scenario.