bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Miniatur Gerbong Maut untuk Usia 3-4 Tahun di KB Kemuning 01 Klabang Tegalampel Bondowoso
Authors: Wageastutik Sri Utami , Wahidah Finadatul
Published: January 2025

Sejarah merupakan ilmu pengatahuan yang harus dipelajarin dan ditanamkan pada masa dini untuk memberikan rasa semangat pejuang khususnya di daearah bondowoso yakni sejarah gerbong maut bondowoso. Penelitin ini adalah pengembangan dengan bertujuan 1) Menghasilkan media pembelajaran berbasis miniaturyakni gerbong maut 2) untuk mengatahui kelayakan dan keefktifan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis miniatur 3) meningkatkan krativitas anak dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dikelas. Penelitian ini adalah pengembangan yang R&D mengadposi model EDDIE dengan langkah tahapan yakni Analysis, Design , Development, Implementation and Evaluation . Tempat penelitian di KB Kemuning 01 Klabang Tegalampel kabupaten Bondowoso untuk usia 3-4 tahun . Pengembanan terdiri dua validasi yakni 2 ahli media dan respon guru untuk meperoleh kelayakan dan ke efektifan dari para ahli validasi susai bidang antara lain bidang tersebut validasi ahli media I mendapatkan skor 85% sedangkan validasi ahli media II mendapatkan skor 88% dan mendapat respon dari guru mendapatkan skor 91 % kesimpuan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis miniatur gerbong maut bondowoso sangat layak digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran
Kata Kunci: Media pembelajaran, Gerbong Maut, Miniatur.
Evaluasi Media Pembelajaran Augmented Reality Bangun Datar/Ruang dengan Pendekatan Etnomatematika Rumah Adat Lengkong dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Spasial Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Anggraini Cicilia Clara Devi , Wiradharma Gunawan , Prasetyo Mario Aditya , Anam Khaerul
Published: January 2025

Mathematics learning at the school level really needs to be linked to local culture by being incorporated into mathematics learning media to make it more contextual and interesting. This is known as the ethnomathematics approach. Previous research has produced augmented reality-based learning media applications for learning mathematics flat and spatial building materials using the cultural products of the lengkong traditional house from West Java. The product utilizes the latest technological developments that are used as learning media. This application is designed as a support in visualizing the learning of flat and space shapes materials at the elementary school (SD) level. A questionnaire was employed as the data collection procedure. Respondents of this study consisted of two parties, namely experts who were teaching staff (lecturers and teachers) and users who were PGSD students and students who used the application. The filled questionnaire measures the assessment which includes usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and user satisfaction. Data analysis in this research is quantitative descriptive. The learning application developed integrating augmented reality (AR) technology with an ethnomathematics approach showed significant results in improving the spatial abilities of elementary school students. AR technology allows a more real and interactive visualization of geometry objects, which is difficult to achieve through conventional learning methods. With this visualization, students can observe and interact with two- and three-dimensional building models so that their understanding of the structure and dynamics of spatial buildings increases. The ethnomathematics approach that connects mathematical concepts with local culture has made the subject matter more relevant to students' daily lives. This increases students' learning motivation as they can see firsthand the application of mathematical concepts in their cultural context.
Manajemen Program Pendidikan Kesetaraan Paket C di PKBM Rumpun Aksara Panti – Jember
Authors: Layyinah Marifatul , Yaum Lailil Aflahkul
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang manajemen program pendidikan kesetaraan paket C di PKBM Rumpun Aksara.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) perencanaan program pendidikan kesetaraan paket C, 2) pengorganisasian program pendidikan kesetaraan paket C, 3) pelaksanaan program pendidikan kesetaraan paket C, dan 4) evaluasi program pendidikan kesetaraan paket C. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Informan terdiri dari Kepala PKBM , 3 tutor, dan 2 warga belajar. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: 1) pengumpulan data, 2) penyajian data dan 3) penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik yang digunakan untuk pengecekan keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini adalah triangulasi sumber dan data. Dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu : 1) perencanaan, pada program paket C di PKBM Rumpun Aksara sudah dikategorikan baik namun masih perlu diperbaiki dan dikembangkan lagi, 2) Pengorganisasian yang ada di PKBM Rumpun Aksara dalam mengelola program pendidikan kesetaraan masih belum optimal.3) Pelaksanaan di PKBM Rumpun Aksara sudah cukup baik namun masih ada beberapa hal yang perlu di benahi dan dikembangkan., 4) Penilaian / evaluasi yang ada di Rumpun Aksara juga dikategorikan baik.
Kata Kunci : Manajemen, Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat
Pengaruh Teknik Punishment dengan Media Puzzle Floor terhadap Perilaku Hiperaktif pada Anak Down Syndrome
Authors: Ekawati Agustin Siti Yulia , Mais Asrorul , P Nostalgianti Citra
Published: January 2025

Sikap hiperaktif pada anak down syndrome dapat mempengaruhi berjalannya pembelajaran dalam kelas, sehingga pada penelitian ini akan membahas tentang pengaruh teknik punishment dengan media puzzle floor yang diharapkan dapat meminimalisir sikap hiperaktif pada anak tersebut. Teknik punishment merupakan suatu bentuk hukuman yang memberikan efek jera terhadap seseorang, sedangkan media puzzle floor merupakan media edukatif yang bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan daya konsentrasi pada anak. Jadi, media puzle floor ini adalah sebagai bentuk dari punishmentnya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yakni metode Single Subject Research (SSR) yang biasa disebut dengan penelitian subjek tunggal. Metode SSR artinya metode eksperimen dalam memfokuskan data individu. Desain yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah desain A – B dimana desain tersebut melibatkan fase baseline (A) dan juga fase intervensi (B). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, teknik punishment dengan media puzzle floor berpengaruh terhadap siswa down syndrome yang hiperaktif. Hal itu dibuktikan dengan adanya mean fase intervensi (B) dengan nilai 15 lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan fase baseline (A) yang memperoleh nilai 6,8. Begitupun perubahan level pada analisis antar kondisinya mendapatkan nilai (+9). Pada persentase overlap, mendapatkan nilai 0% dimana hal tersebut menunjukkan jika intervensi yang telah diberikan kepada siswa memiliki pengaruh pada perilaku hiperaktifnya. Berdasar pada hasil dari analisis data dalam kondisi maupun antar kondisi, maka diketahui jika, penerapan teknik punishment dengan media puzzle floor berpengaruh terhadap perilaku hiperaktif pada anak down syndrome. Hal ini, dapat diketahui karena perolehan hasil dari mean level fase intervensi (B) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mean level fase baseline (A).
 
Kata Kunci : Teknik Punishment, Media Puzzle Floor, Down Syndrome, Perilaku Hiperaktif
Implementasi Marketing Mix 7P. Studi Kasus pada Klinik Universitas Brawijaya
Authors: Ulfa Dina Maria Maria , Enjelika Enjelika , Firdaus Romadhoni Satrio Ahmadtul , Putra Wardanu Aditya , Sudarmiatin Sudarmiatin
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Marketing Mix 7P strategy at Universitas Brawijaya Clinic (Klinik UB) to enhance competitiveness and patient satisfaction. The strategy encompasses the elements of Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence, applied holistically to create an optimal service experience. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method through in-depth interviews and direct observation. The results indicate that Klinik UB successfully integrates the Marketing Mix 7P elements to expand service accessibility, improve service quality, and strengthen patient trust. This study provides insights into the importance of comprehensive marketing strategies in addressing competition in the healthcare sector.
 Keywords: Marketing Mix 7P, Marketing Strategy, Patient Satisfaction, Healthcare Clinic, Competitiveness
Pengaruh Penerapan Green Accounting, dan Audit Internal terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bei 2020-2023)
Authors: Pandiangan Austin Alleyn , Siregar Sudjiman Lorina , M.Hutabarat Francis
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the impact of Green Accounting implementation and the role of internal audits on corporate performance, specifically focusing on mining companies listed during the 2020-2023 period. Using a purposive sampling method, the study analyzes 140 observations derived from 35 companies. This approach effectively explores information related to the disclosure of the GRI Index in sustainability reports and the background of internal audits as stated in companies' annual reports. Corporate performance is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) as the primary indicator. The analysis method applied is quantitative. The findings reveal that Green Accounting has a significant positive impact on ROA. Meanwhile, the impact of internal audits on ROA is positive but not statistically significant. Overall, the analysis of the effects of Green Accounting and internal audits on ROA indicates a significantly positive relationship. This study seeks to explore how Green Accounting practices and the role of internal audits with an accounting background influence corporate financial performance through the examination of financial reports.
Keywords: Corporate Performance, Green Accounting, Internal Audit
Meningkatkan Customer Engagement melalui Brand Image dan Content Visual: Perspektif pengguna DNVB di Indonesia
Authors: Wardanu Aditya Putra , Noviarkahman Zagladi Arief
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the influence of Brand Image (BI), Interest Audience (IA), and Content Visual (CV) on Customer Engagement (CE) among Digitally Native Vertical Brands (DNVB) users in Indonesia. 286 samples were used in this study. The results of this study indicate that BI has a significant positive influence on CV, indicating that a good brand image contributes to a positive perception of the quality of visual content. In addition, IA also has a significant effect on CE, indicating that content that is relevant to the audience's interests can increase their engagement. The results of the analysis show that CV has a positive effect on CE, indicating that attractive visual content can encourage user interaction. This study also found an indirect effect of BI through CV and IA on CE, indicating that brand image not only has a direct impact but also through increasing audience interest and the quality of visual content. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of managing brand image and presenting high-quality visual content in increasing customer engagement in today's digital era. Therefore, DNVB companies are advised to continue to improve the quality of visual content and ensure that content matches audience interests to build stronger relationships with consumers.
 Keywords: Brand Image, Content Visual, Interest Audience
Mathematical modelling of solar power converters
Authors: Sadykov Maksat , Temirbaeva Nazgul , Narymbetov Maksat , Shabikova Gulmira , Turduev Ilyaz
Published: January 2025

The study was conducted to develop a mathematical model of photovoltaic systems using artificial neural networks. A mathematical model of the photovoltaic system was established, a simulation process was implemented considering key parameters, and a maximum power point tracking method was applied to improve the efficiency of the system. In this research, a mathematical model of photovoltaic system based on artificial neural networks was developed and tested to improve the efficiency of solar panels. The model showed high accuracy in predicting the maximum power point under varying environmental conditions such as illumination and temperature. Analysis of the data demonstrated that the use of neural networks for maximum power point tracking significantly reduces energy losses compared to traditional tracking methods. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed approach provides more stable and accurate detection of the maximum power point in real time. The findings showed that the implementation of such a system could significantly improve the overall performance of PV plants, especially under erratic solar conditions, making it promising for applications in different climatic zones. In addition, the model was shown to be robust to changes in input data parameters, making it adaptive to different types of solar panels and operating conditions. It was also found that the neural network-based system reduces PV plant operation and maintenance costs by minimizing the need for manual calibration and monitoring. The resulting model will improve the accuracy and efficiency of maximum power tracking of solar panels under varying environmental conditions
Efficiency of electric drive of a centrifugal pump unit
Authors: Moshnoriz Mykola , Tkachuk Andrii , Moshnoriz Mariya , Gribovskij Oleksandr
Published: January 2025

The study was carried out to analyse ways to improve the efficiency of the electric drive of a centrifugal pumping unit and to determine the optimal approaches to its energy-efficient operation. Efficiency analysis, experimental studies and theoretical models were employed to assess the impact of technologies on the energy consumption of pumping units. The study determined that the use of frequency control can significantly reduce energy consumption during the operation of a centrifugal pumping unit, especially under variable load conditions. The highest efficiency is achieved when the pump operates at optimum speeds, which can be achieved using variable frequency drives (VFDs). The study also determined that the correct selection of the pump impeller and its maintenance is essential to reduce energy losses. Losses in mechanical connections can be minimised by using high-quality components and regular maintenance of the equipment. The study confirmed that automated control systems significantly improve the efficiency of pump operation, ensuring timely correction of operating parameters following the operating conditions. The conclusion demonstrated the need to implement a comprehensive approach to optimise the energy consumption of pumping units. The study determined that reducing mechanical losses in drives and pumping units using modern technologies significantly increases system efficiency. The introduction of integrated monitoring systems to control pump operation can significantly reduce downtime and improve overall equipment reliability. Notably, the modernisation of electric drives has a positive impact on the energy efficiency of pumping systems through the introduction of innovative materials and design solutions. The study determined that the introduction of new models of electric motors with improved performance contributes to more rational use of energy. In addition, the study proved that regular diagnostics and preventive maintenance of equipment contribute to the stable operation of pumping units, reducing the likelihood of emergency stops and unforeseen repairs
Aplicación de las técnicas role-playing y fishbowl para la formación en ética profesional: la percepción del alumnado de trabajo social de la universidad de Alicante
Authors: Ferrer-Aracil Javier , Cortés-Florín Elena M. , Aragonés-González María
Published: January 2025

Introducción: Este trabajo analiza la aplicación de las técnicas grupales role-playing fishbowl en la enseñanza del Trabajo Social. Se analiza la percepción del alumnado sobre el contenido y metodología de la actividad, así como la adquisición de competencias éticas. Metodología: 111 estudiantes de las asignaturas de Prácticas Externas del Grado en Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Alicante (España) completaron el proceso de recogida de información. Se empleó el método cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y explicativo. Resultados: Se observa una percepción positiva tanto acerca del contenido y la metodología de la actividad como de su impacto en la adquisición de competencias éticas. Discusión: Se analizan e interpretan los principales resultados, relacionándolos con el cuerpo de conocimiento existente sobre la ética en Trabajo Social. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la combinación de las técnicas role-playing y fishbowl es adecuada para el desarrollo de competencias éticas, según la percepción del alumnado participante.
Evolución del concepto de Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible y su integración en el currículum de España y Francia
Authors: Guardeño Juan Mireia
Published: January 2025

Introducción: La Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible (EDS) cobra un papel fundamental para poder lograr los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) publicados por la UNESCO en septiembre de 2015. El concepto de desarrollo sostenible ha ido evolucionando en las últimas décadas para dar respuesta a los desafíos a los cuales el planeta se enfrenta. Metodología: Se realiza un análisis comparativo en el que se analiza, describe y yuxtapone de qué manera se incluye la EDS en el currículo de España y Francia, partiendo de una revisión bibliográfica acerca de la evolución del desarrollo sostenible en ambos países. Resultados: España y Francia integran la EDS en las tres etapas educativas de forma transversal e integrada, existiendo similitudes y diferencias en cuanto a los objetivos y contenidos a tratar. Discusión: Francia otorga una mayor relevancia a la ciudadanía ética y educación para la salud, mientras que España introduce la igualdad y cuidado del entorno natural. Conclusiones: Francia presenta una mayor historia política educativa en medidas por el desarrollo sostenible. España ha evolucionado en la última década gracias a la promulgación de la ley educativa LOMLOE, la cual inserta desde su preámbulo la importancia de trabajar la EDS en todas las etapas escolares.
ВПЛИВ ЗАНЯТЬ З ЛЕГКОЇ АТЛЕТИКИ НА ФІЗИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК УЧНІВ СЕРЕДНЬОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Адамчук Вадим , Кульчицька Ірина , Дідик Тетяна , Поляк Вадим , Савостьян Федір
Published: January 2025

The article examines the impact of athletics training on the physical development of secondary school students. Athletics, as one of the most common sports, includes a variety of physical exercises that contribute to muscle strengthening, coordination, endurance and general physical condition. In particular, the focus is on increasing endurance, improving speed and strength, and developing healthy lifestyle skills. The article discusses the main physiological changes that occur during regular classes and their impact on the overall physical fitness of schoolchildren. The study is aimed at identifying specific aspects that contribute to the optimal physical development of middle school students, as well as analyzing the effectiveness of athletics exercises in the school physical education program. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of athletics training on the physical development of 8th grade students (aged 13-14 years) and improve their physical fitness. Research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical caution, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results and key conclusions. The analysis of the study results shows positive changes in the participants' physical fitness. The control group recorded an increase in results within 2-3 % with significant changes (p<0.05) in the tests of long jump from a standing position, triple jump, 30 and 100 meters running, and throwing a stuffed ball. At the same time, in the experimental group, the increase was 3-7 %, which is higher than in the control group, with a significant difference (p<0.05). This indicates the effectiveness of the approaches used in the training of boys in the experimental group.
Формування естетичної компетентності дітей молодшого шкільного віку
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Мальов С.
Published: January 2025

The methodological manual highlights the current problems of forming aesthetic competence of a younger schoolchild, the search for new approaches to teaching and raising children and their implementation in the educational process of a modern primary school, the maximum use of the creative potential of students in primary school, the formation and development of aesthetic perception of reality in schoolchildren, aesthetic attitude to the environment, nature, art, application of the principle of correlation of different types of art. An experimental methodology is proposed, aimed at the development of aesthetic competence, feelings, tastes, ideals, artistic skills, abilities in the field of art, emotional culture, which should be an integral condition of primary school subjects, especially the art cycle and extracurricular educational work of a modern school.
Implementing Sustainable Development Goals into Operational Policies: A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Zia Fahad
Published: January 2025

This research aims to investigate how Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) implementation into operational policies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) of Pakistan can address climate-related challenges that are deforestation, water scarcity, and extreme weather conditions. Drawing on the Earth System Governance (ESG) framework, the research focuses on how governance structures and policies of KP comply with SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy). A qualitative methodology using academic literature from 2020 to 2024, policy reviews, and secondary data are used. We present results showing that important gaps exist in interdepartmental coordination, the prioritization of resources, and stakeholder participation during the localization of the SDGs. The ESG framework identifies adaptive governance and participatory approaches as necessary to deal with these barriers. The study offers the following recommendations: Project output includes a provincial SDG strategy, increased stakeholder collaboration, and resource appropriation.
Calculation and experimental study of the dynamic characteristics
of the spacecraft telescope frame mockup
Authors: Igolkin Alexandr A. , Safiv Artur I. , Kuznetsov Alexandr V.
Published: January 2025

The article presents a computational and experimental study of the dynamic characteristics of a spacecraft telescope frame mock-up. The main attention is paid to the methodology of vibrodynamic tests using a three-component laser vibrometer and the creation of a finite element model of the mock-up under study. To analyze the dynamics of the structure, the main criteria such as modal parameters, model validation and harmonic analysis are defined. Particular attention is paid to the effect of experimental data transformation on the accuracy of calculating the modal reliability criterion. The telescope frame mock-up, which is a truss structure fixed on springs, is investigated. The tests were carried out by applying a random impact of the “white noise” type. The dynamic characteristics of the structure were obtained, including the natural frequency of oscillations, which was 93.7 Hz. The experimental data were compared with the results of finite element modeling, which showed a significant discrepancy between them, especially in the area of natural frequencies. This indicates the need to adjust the finite element model. Various criteria for assessing the compliance of calculated and experimental models are considered, such as the coordinate criterion of modal validity (COMAC), the criterion of modal validity (MAC), the mutual guarantee criterion (CSAC) and the mutual proportionality factor (CSF). These criteria help to assess the degree of coincidence of vibration modes and frequency characteristics. An analysis of the effect of transforming experimental data into different units of measurement on the results of calculating these criteria is carried out. It is concluded that the current calculation model requires revision and clarification of parameters to achieve better compliance with reality.
Estimation of measurement errors of navigation and landing parameters using pseudosatellites
Authors: Kazykin Andrey A. , Musonov Vladimir M.
Published: January 2025

At the moment, a significant number of regional airfields do not have sufficient space for ground navigation equipment, this can lead to undesirable consequences when landing an aircraft with weak visual contact of the crew with the runway (runway). The pseudo-satellite system is able to improve flight safety at the landing stage in difficult meteorological conditions at regional airfields without using ILS (indicator on the windshield), after evaluating errors in navigation and landing parameters. The pseudo-satellite system can be used to improve flight safety at the landing stage in difficult meteorological conditions at regional airfields. This system consists of a control and correction station and pseudo satellites that operate in certain frequency ranges.
When using this system, the PNP-72 scheduled navigation device is installed on the aircraft, which provides basic navigation information with a given accuracy. This allows pilots to use more accurate information and perform a safe approach and landing of aircraft on the runway, even with weak visual contact with it.
Thus, the use of a pseudo-satellite system at regional airfields can significantly improve flight safety at the landing stage, especially in difficult meteorological conditions when the use of ILS is impossible. The use of a pseudo-satellite system can also help solve the problem of an insufficient number of ground navigation aids at regional airfields. This will allow for a more accurate determination of the aircraft's location and improve the quality of navigation information provided to the crew.
The use of a pseudo-satellite system can become an alternative to the use of expensive and complex ILS systems, especially at small airfields where the installation of such systems may be impractical or economically unprofitable.
However, for the successful implementation and operation of the pseudo-satellite system, additional research and testing is necessary to determine the optimal parameters of the system, as well as to develop appropriate regulatory documents and procedures to ensure flight safety.
Списки Саровского устава: атрибуция списка (ЦГАРМ. Ф. 1. Оп. 4. Д. 18), характерные особенности, гипотезы
Authors: Дудоров Павел
Published: January 2025

В статье исследуется один из одиннадцати списков Саровского общежительного устава — ЦГАРМ Ф. 1. Оп. 4. Д. 18. Автор делает гипотетические выводы не только о составителе, переписчике и времени написания текста, но и сам исследует документ в его дисциплинарной части. Для последнего указываются особенности его содержания и написания, перечисляются основные характеристики источников, на которые ссылается составитель рукописи. В связи с изучением списка монастырского устава автором предлагается новая гипотетическая версия о самом близком к оригинальному списку общежительного Типика рукописном документе — «Достодолжном отпуске». Фрагмент текста из подлинного списка Отпуска был обнаружен в одной из архивных рукописей монастырского устава — ЦГАРМ. Ф. 1. Оп. 2. Д. 5. В статье представлены обновлённые данные и новые выводы по исследованию списков Саровского общежительного устава.

The article examines one of the 11 lists of the Sarov hostel charter (The Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia. Fun. 1. Inv. 1. Fil. 18). The author of the article makes hypothetical conclusions not only about the compiler and copyist of this list and the time of writing the text itself, but also examines the text of the archival document itself. For the latter, the peculiarities of its content and spelling are indicated in its disciplinary part. For the first part of the charter, the main characteristics of the sources referred to by the compiler of the manuscript are listed. In connection with the study of the monastery charter the author proposes a new hypothetical version of the handwritten document closest to the original list of the dormitory charter «Dostodoljniy otpusk». A fragment from the genuine list of «otpusk» was found in one of the lists of the monastery type: in the new list (Central State Archive of Ancient Acts. Fun. 1. Inv. 2. Fil. 5). The article presents new data and new conclusions on the study of lists of dormitory charter.
Rivers of Change
Authors: Freihardt Jan
Published: January 2025

Rivers of Change takes you on a captivating photographic journey, delving into one of the quintessential questions of the 21st century: How will human societies adapt to the rapidly accelerating climatic changes? This book, born out of an extensive research project, amplifies the voices of communities in Bangladesh living on the frontline of dramatic environmental changes. It not only showcases their vulnerability but also unveils their resilience in the face of repeated environmental shocks, forcing them to confront a crucial decision: to stay or to go?
Symbolic simulation of industrial real-time and embedded systems-experiments with the bluetooth baseband communication protocol
Authors: Wang Farn , Huang Geng-Dian , Yu Fang
Published: January 2025

We introduce the symbolic simulation function implemented in our model-checker/simulator RED 4.0 for dense-time concurrent systems. By representing and manipulating state-spaces as logic predicates, the technique of symbolic simulation can lead to high performance by encoding even a dense amount of traces in traditional simulation into one symbolic trace. Symbolic simulation adds the dimension of width to a trace of state-spaces. By controlling the width of traces, we have a much better chance to find bugs using fewer traces.

Our main contribution is the design of symbolic simulation function in RED 4.0 for dense-time concurrent systems. In our tool, users can strongly control the width of traces and the generation of traces. We discuss how to generate traces using various policies, how to manipulate the state-predicate, and how to manage the trace trees. Moreover, we design a C-like language whose programs can be mechanically translated into the optimized communicating timed automata(CTA). Engineers can also put down comment-line assertions as specifications in their verification tasks. Finally, experiments using our simulator to verify the Bluetooth baseband protocol justify the usefulness of our tool. The tool is available at http://cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/∼farn/ .
A zero-stop authentication system for sensor-based embedded real-time applications
Authors: Matsumiya Kenta , Aoki Soko , Murase Masana , Tokuda Hideyuki
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes “Zero-stop Authentication” model and system, which realizes automatic, real-time authentication in the physical world. Applications in the physical environment such as those at library gates and supermarket counters could benefit from automatic authentication of users. These applications need to detect users using embedded sensors, and authenticate them, and bind objects to them, in real-time. To accomplish such real-time user authentication, model of user mobility, and methods to bind objects to users are required. This paper models and formulates the user mobility and time constraints, and proposes three techniques to correctly bind objects to users. A Zero-stop Authentication System built based on this model is also proposed, which automatically detects and authenticates users, and relates objects to them. The feasibility of real-time authentication is estimated using the model, and error is issued if the check fails. We also describe prototype implementation of the system, and two applications. Secure Library System uses ZSAS to authenticate users at library exits, and bind books to users. Secure Printing uses ZSAS to detect users approaching a printer, and to authenticates them, in order to print documents only when their owner approaches the printer. It protects private documents from being overlooked or removed.
Resource management architecture for future information appliances
Authors: Oikawa Shuichi , Nakajima Tatsuo
Published: January 2025

This paper presents our CPU resource management architecture and mechanisms for future information appliances. Information appliances are special purpose computational devices. Their examples include mobile phones, digital TVs, and vehicle navigation systems. We aim to use virtualized operating systems on future information appliances for the provision of better security and reliability features since their shared use in ubiquitous and pervasive computing environments will expose them to various kinds of access and use. CPU resource management is required for two purposes, the support of time sensitive applications and the isolation and protection of each virtualized operating system. Our software architecture incorporates the CPU resource management mechanisms in both virtualized operating systems and their hosting environment. CPU resource management mechanisms in virtualized operating systems are for the support of time sensitive applications while those in the hosting environment are for the isolation and protection of virtualized operating systems. We have implemented the proposed architecture in Linux as the host environment and UML (User-Mode Linux) as a virtualized operating system. The measurement results showed that the implementation of our architecture could effectively isolate and protect the CPU resource utilization by virtualized operating systems and also their applications.
Multiprocessor fixed-priority scheduling with restricted interprocessor migrations
Authors: Baruah Sanjoy K. , Carpenter John
Published: January 2025

The priority-driven scheduling of periodic and sporadic task systems upon identical multiprocessor platforms is considered, under the restrictions that (i) each job may be assigned exactly one priority throughout its lifetime, and (ii) each job may execute upon only a single processor. It is shown that feasibility-analysis under these restrictions is intractable (NP-hard in the strong sense). A scheduling algorithm is presented that satisfies these restrictions, and that has a worst-case utilization bound comparable to the worst-case utilization bounds of partitioned scheduling algorithms, and of scheduling algorithms that retain the priority-assignment restriction but allow arbitrary interprocessor migration.
Multi-objective design space exploration of embedded systems
Authors: Palermo Gianluca , Silvano Cristina , Zaccaria Vittorio
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we address the problem of the efficient exploration of the architectural design space for parameterized embedded systems. The exploration problem is multi-objective (e.g., energy and delay), so the main goal of this work is to find a good approximation of the Pareto-optimal configurations representing the best energy/delay trade-offs by varying the architectural parameters of the target system. In particular, the paper presents a Design Space Exploration (DSE) framework to simulate the target system and to dynamically profile the target applications. In the proposed DSE framework, a set of heuristic algorithms have been analyzed to reduce the overall exploration time by computing an approximated Pareto set of configurations with respect to the selected figures of merit. Once the approximated Pareto set has been built, the designer can quickly select the best system configuration satisfying the constraints. Experimental results, derived from the application of the proposed DSE framework to a superscalar architecture, show that the exploration time can be reduced by three orders of magnitude with respect to the full search approach, while maintaining a good level of accuracy.
Instruction buffering exploration for low energy embedded processors
Authors: Aa Tom Vander , Jayapala Murali , Barat Francisco , Deconinck Geert , Lauwereins Rudy , Corporaal Henk , Catthoor Francky
Published: January 2025

For multimedia applications, loop buffering is an efficient mechanism to reduce the power in the instruction memory of embedded processors. Especially software controlled loop buffers are energy efficient. However current compilers do not fully take advantage of the possibilities of such loop buffers. This paper presents an algorithm to explore for an application or a set of applications what is the optimal loop buffer configuration and the optimal way to use this configuration. Results for the MediaBench application suite show an additional 35% reduction (on average) in energy in the instruction memory hierarchy as compared to traditional approaches to the loop buffer without any performance implications.
Remote power control of wireless network interfaces
Authors: Acquaviva Andrea , Simunic Tajana , Deolalikar Vinay , Roy Sumit
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a new power management technique aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of client-server multimedia applications running on wireless portable devices. We focus on reducing the energy consumption of the wireless network interface of the client by allowing the remote server to control the power configuration of the network card depending on the workload. In particular, we exploit server knowledge of the workload to perform an energy-efficient traffic reshaping, without compromising on the quality of service. We tested our methodology on the SmartBadge IV wearable device running an MPEG4 streaming video application. Using our technique we measured energy savings of more than 67% compared to no power management being used on the WLAN interface. In addition, we save as much as 50% of energy with respect to the standard 802.11b power management. All of the energy savings are obtained with no performance loss on the video playback.
Procedure placement using temporal-ordering information: Dealing with code size expansion
Authors: Guillon Christophe , Rastello Fabrice , Bidault Thierry , Bouchez Florent
Published: January 2025

In a direct-mapped instruction cache, all instructions that have the same memory address modulo the cache size share a common and unique cache slot. Instruction cache conflicts can be partially handled at linked time by procedure placement. Pettis and Hansen give in [1] an algorithm that reorders procedures in memory by aggregating them in a greedy fashion. The Gloy and Smith algorithm [2] greatly decreases the number of conflict-misses but increases the code size by allowing gaps between procedures. The latter contains two main stages: the cache-placement phase assigns modulo addresses to minimizes cache-conflicts; the memory-placement phase assigns final memory addresses under the modulo placement constraints, and minimizes the code size expansion. In this paper: (1) we prove the NP-completeness of the cache-placement problem; (2) we provide an optimal algorithm to the memory-placement problem with complexity O(nmin(n,L)ack(n)) (n is the number of procedures, L the cache size, α is the inverse Ackermann's function that is lower than 4 in practice); (3) we take final program size into consideration during the cache-placement phase. Our modifications to the Gloy and Smith algorithm gives on average a code size expansion of 8% over the original program size, while the initial algorithm gave an expansion of 177%. The cache miss reduction is nearly the same as the Gloy and Smith solution with 35% cache miss reduction.
Reducing I-cache energy of multimedia applications through low cost tag comparison elimination
Authors: Zhang Youtao , Yang Jun
Published: January 2025

Tag comparison elimination (TCE) is an effective approach to reduce I-cache energy. Current research focuses on finding good trade-offs between hardware cost and percentage of comparisons that can be removed. For this purpose, two low cost innovations are proposed in this paper. We design a small dedicated TCE table whose size is flexible both horizontally (entry size) and vertically (number of entries). The design also minimizes interactions with the I-cache. For a 64-way 16K cache, the new design reduces the tag comparisons to 2.7% with a fraction only 20% of the hardware cost of the way memoization technique. The result is 50% better compared to a recent proposed low cost design of comparable hardware cost.
Exploring power reduction options for a single-chip multiprocessor through system-level modeling
Authors: La Fratta Patrick Anthony , Baker James M.
Published: January 2025

Moore's law predicts that fabrication processes will soon yield over a billion transistors on a single die. Over the past twenty years, the gap between the amount of available real estate on a chip and designer productivity has widened and continues to grow, so that designers are less able to make effective use of the increasing number of transistors on a chip. The primary problem in system-on-a-chip (SoC) design is no longer the limit on the number of resources. Rather, the development of new methodologies and system-level design tools is the challenge that lies ahead, as these have become essential to keeping costs low in the planning and construction of these systems. Designers have realized that the consideration of the overwhelming details at register-transfer level (RTL) early in development restricts design space exploration, inhibits trade-off evaluation, and results in increased time-to-market. In order to effectively utilize the available resources, the entry point of design flows in recent methodologies is at higher levels of abstraction, with consideration to significantly fewer details of the final hardware implementation.

In recent years, we have also seen the introduction of single-chip multiprocessors. As new tools and methodologies emerge for abstract system design, proposed solutions to the arising problems in the performance of single-chip multiprocessors can be implemented and evaluated more efficiently. For example, the amount of on-chip memory for such parallel systems continues to steadily rise, but so does the amount of power used by the memory system. In this work, we apply novel design methodology and tools to a single-chip multicore architecture, considering alternatives for power reduction of the storage components through system-level modeling.
Synchroscalar: Evaluation of an embedded, multi-core architecture for media applications
Authors: Oliver John , Rao Ravishankar , Franklin Diana , Chong Frederic T. , Akella Venkatesh
Published: January 2025

We present an overview of the Synchroscalar single-chip, multi-core processor. Through the design of Synchroscalar, we find that high energy efficiency and low complexity can be attained through parallelization. The importance of adequate inter-core interconnect is also demonstrated. We discuss the impact of having multiple frequency and voltage domains on chip to reduce the power consumption where parallelization fails. Finally, we investigate how the ad-hoc selection of tile size that is currently used in most single-chip multi-core processors impacts the power consumption of these architectures.
A dynamically reconfigurable cache for multithreaded processors
Authors: Settle Alex , Connors Dan , Gibert Enric , González Antonio
Published: January 2025

Chip multi-processors (CMP) are rapidly emerging as an important design paradigm for both high performance and embedded processors. These machines provide an important performance alternative to increasing the clock frequency. In spite of the increase in potential performance, several issues related to resource sharing on the chip can negatively impact the performance of embedded applications. In particular, the shared on-chip caches make each job's memory access times dependent on the behavior of the other jobs sharing the cache. If not adequately managed, this can lead to problems in meeting hard real-time scheduling constraints. This work explores adaptable caching strategies which balance the resource demands of each application and in turn lead to improvements in throughput for the collective workload. Experimental results demonstrate speedups of up to 1.47X for workloads of two co-scheduled applications compared against a fully-shared two-level cache hierarchy. Additionally, the adaptable caching scheme is shown to achieve an average speedup of 1.10X over the leading cache partitioning model. By dynamically managing cache storage for multiple application threads at runtime, sizable performance levels are achieved, which provides chip designers the opportunity to maintain high performance as cache size and power budgets become a concern in the CMP design space.
Instruction Reuse in SPEC, media and packet processing benchmarks: A comparative study of power, performance and related microarchitectural optimizations
Authors: Surendra G. , Banerjee Subhasis , Nandy S.K.
Published: January 2025

The effectiveness of Instruction Reuse (IR) – a technique to eliminate redundant computations at run time – is limited by the fact that performance gain seldom exceeds 3% and is dependent on the criticality of instructions being “reused”. In this paper, we focus on the power aspect of IR and propose a “resultbus optimization” that exploits communication reuse to reduce the power dissipated over a high capacitance resultbus. The effectiveness of this optimization depends on the number of result producing instructions that are reused and improves overall power and Energy-Delay Product (EDP) by 3% over a base IR policy for a 1024 entry “Reuse Buffer” (RB).

As a domain specific study, we examine the impact of multithreading on IR in the context of packet header processing applications. Specifically, sharing the RB among threads can lead to either constructive or destructive interference, thereby increasing or decreasing the amount of IR that can be uncovered. Further, packet header processing applications are unique in the sense that repetition in data values within “flows” are quite prevalent which can be exploited to improve IR. We find that an architecture that uses this “flow” information to govern accesses to the RB improves IR by as much as 4.6% for header processing kernels.
A routing algorithm for multicast on hypercube multi-core architecture
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Guo He , Yuan Liye
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an effective approach using synchronous parallel transmission worm-switching supporting multicast services on hypercube multi-core architecture. Hypercube is a flexible interconnection structure and multi-cast packets on it are routed and scheduled among multi-cores using a local identity routing algorithm. The identity ID attached to every flit allows different flits to be mixed in the same queue. In internal nodes, LUT decides the direction of flits and RU records the transmitting direction. Then switch arbiter decides what can pass the outgoing links and what have to wait. Polling-transmission policy is used to solve the deadlock problem.