bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drawing from the archives: notes on the old residency in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Godlewski Joseph
Published: January 2023

The National Museum in Calabar, Nigeria is housed in a well-preserved British colonial structure known as the Government House or Old Residency. Built in 1884, the building was prefabricated by the iron manufacturer W. MacFarlane & Co. Ltd. in Glasgow, Scotland and shipped in parts to Calabar for construction in the area known as Government Hill. Extensive scholarship has focused on Calabar however the city’s architecture has been less closely analyzed. The few publications which address the city’s urban and architectural heritage often discuss the Old Residency in isolation and without the support of primary source evidence. The aim of this article is to critically examine the building and properly situate it in its historical context. With the aid of primary source documents housed in a number of archives, photographs taken at the site, drawings of the building and city, as well as insights from secondary sources, the objective of this study is to document, help visualize, and clarify the historical record about this important architectural artifact. While the building is often described in stately and heroic terms, it is best understood as an architectural experiment which failed to achieve its original aims but has nonetheless become an important site of heritage preservation in postcolonial Nigeria. Ultimately, this article argues the Old Residency is a record not of foreign architectural eminence, unchecked imperial penetration, or the spread of modern technological progress, but a contested site and register of competing and contradictory claims of the city’s past.
Joseph wright and the ENCANTADASGrotto: the potentialities of an interelation proposal for the teaching of science
Authors: Feisser Miquelin Awdry
Published: January 2023

This article presents the results of a qualitative research, based on four paintings by Joseph Wright that portray a cave near Naples painted in 1774 and in the Grotto of the Encantadas-Ilha do Mel State of Paraná in Brazil. In order to promote scientific literacy and also visual literacy from image reading, we developed four didactic sequences for the teaching of sciences for the second cycle of elementary school based on the thematic caves. These sequences were applied to students after class activities at the João XXIII Institute, an institution that serves children at social and economic risk in the city of Ponta Grossa, in the interior of the State of Parana. Data collection took place through observation, audio recordings, photographic records and materials produced by students. The main findings showed that the use of Joseph Wright's art works and the photographs of Gruta das Encantadas in the didactic sequences was an effective strategy to provide scientific knowledge, develop image reading skills as a means to establish a connection between sciences and arts. The findings also show that the use of art works by Joseph Wright as strategy for classroom activities contributed for the development of students’ creativity, rationality, and environmental awareness, by focusing specifically on the protection of cave environments and for meaningful learning in the scope of science and arts, as well as the interelation between these areas.
A critical analysis of political philosophy in African political discourses
Authors: Lajul Wilfred
Published: January 2023

To identify political philosophy in African political discourses is the task this paper is trying to unravel. Substantial record is available on African political discourses, but the clear philosophical thinking that lie beneath these discourses and unify them is not clear. Some authors are of the view that African political discourses has little or insufficient philosophical theories that inform them. However, African political discourses are texts and talks about African political ideas, contexts and situations on how to govern African political societies. Some of these discourses are; development, identity and unity, liberation, democracy, nation building, and sovereignty. This paper argues that Africa still need to identify and articulate political philosophy that unify these different political discourses. The hypothesis is that the African political philosophy that unifies these African political discourses, can be derived from African metaphysics, which is characteristically holistic, teleological and transcendent. The paper proposes that for African political philosophy to be based on African metaphysics; the mystical should not be substituted with the rational; the natural with the scientific; the human with the machine; cooperation with competition; and community with individuality, all in the name of liberation, identity, development, and democracy.
Assessment of safety practices and farmers behaviors adopted when handling pesticides in rural Kano state, Nigeria
Authors: Morufu Olalekan RAIMI , Hussain Muhammad ISAH , Lawrence Okoronkwo UDENSI , Henry Akpojubaro EFEGBERE
Published: January 2023

Background: With the global population expected to reach 9billion people by 2050, current agro economy practices are expected to exacerbate human health threat, environmental and land pressures.Feeding the majority of the world population is challenging and the potential presence of using agrochemicals must be investigated to guarantee consumer chemical safety.To overcome this challenge, there is an urgent need to invest in innovative solutions for food production. Objective: This study assesses safety practices and farmer’s behaviors adopted when handling pesticides in Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A structure questionnaire was developed focusing on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and experience of adverse health effects related to pesticide use, details of work practices and an inventory of pesticides used on the farm.Of the 400 copies of questionnaire administered 392 copies representing 98% of the administered questionnaires were retrieved and found useable. Findings: The result showed that less than half of these farmers who make use of pesticides protect themselves by wearing mask, boot or impermeable clothes, 72.6% of the respondents use stock in mixing pesticides, 17.7% made use of their bare hands while 9.7% use other methods, In terms of what they do after applying pesticides 70.4% wash their hands with soap and water, 25.4% claimed that they wash their hands with waters only, 29.1% store pesticide in their rooms, 38.5% stored it outside house while 32.5% of the respondents stored pesticides inside house, 47.0% of the respondents dispose pesticides containers by throwing it in open field, 38.7% throw it in dustbin while 14.2% returns the containers to the seller. Interpretation: There is need to provide cautionary tales for researchers, various stakeholders, and decision-makers to agree on the data needed to build conﬁdence in using new methods for speciﬁc purposes.Conﬁdence building measures can have the potential to play an increasing role in screening for hazardous properties, prioritizing chemicals for further testing, identifying safer alternatives, assessing environmental media, improving emergency response, and, overall, providing greater protection of public health and the environment.Also, pesticide regulations on farmers should be enforced in a way that will protect public health and those who are being exposed outside of regulations.
Obligations implementation of parents are connected with article 26 verse 1 law number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection in Pangandaran village Pangandaran district Indonesia
Authors: Tresno Ayu Putri
Published: January 2023

Child development is a very important development issue. The right of every child is guaranteed by the State. Not only the right to growth and development, but also the right to survival and the right to protection from violence and discrimination. The fulfillment of children’s needs is the responsibility of parents. The author want to see how the implementation of the obligations of parents towards children in Pangandaran Village related to Article 26 paragraph 1 of Law number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection. To achieve this goal, the authors use descriptive research methods with a normative juridical approach. The method delineates a problem and none of them draws precise general conclusions. The participation of the children in making a living and dropping out of school that occurs in Pangandaran Village is against the prevailing laws and regulations. To prevent children from dropping out of school, the role of parents and the government or local government is very important in an effort to encourage children to continue their education.
Vaccines devised to delete the god gene
Authors: Spearman Timothy
Published: January 2023

As events have unfolded since 2020, many people have suspected that the CoViD-19 pandemic is actually an operation of the globalist deep state. This is hard to dismiss when the World Economic Forum (WEF) helped to fund a “germ game” in October 2019 called Event 201, while WEF founder, Klaus Schwab co-authored a book called, CoViD-19: The Great Reset. Some researchers are calling for an investigation into Operation CoViD-19 and CoViD-1984. The conspirators involved have one thing in common they have neither moral conscience nor the least empathy. They don’t need to take the vaccine to remove the God gene from their genetics. They seem to have been born godless. They were already born with the God gene eviscerated from their genome.
New approaches in the detection and management of diabetic retinopathy in the near future
Authors: Balyen Lokman
Published: January 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, is a major public health problem worldwide. In recent years, the incidence and prevalence of DM has been increasing as a global epidemic. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of DM and remains the major cause of preventable blindness among working-age people in most developed countries and it has a significant socioeconomic impact and source of morbidity. DR, which has long been recognized as a microvascular disease, has been demonstrated by laboratory and clinical evidence that inflammation and retinal neurodegeneration may also contribute to diabetic retinal damage in the early stages of DR. New diagnostic and treatment modalities in DR management is promising. Further elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms may provide new medical approaches for the development of novel therapeutic modalities. Nowadays, novel diagnostic devices such as ultrawide field fundus fluorescein angiography, optic coherence tomography angiography and adaptive optics retinal imaging have improved the detection of DR earlier, faster and more accurately. Subthreshold micropulse laser and other laser photocoagulation applications may be an alternative to conventional retinal photocoagulation with lower complications for DR treatment. In recent years, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning based diagnosis and treatment applications are developing. In addition, in recent years, unmanned automated-based diagnostic and treatment methods and newly developed intravitreal drugs and implants can offer more diagnostic and treatment options with promising results. This review provides an overview of novel diagnostic and treatment approaches for preventing the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Neuroimaging findings and severity of hypopituitarism in a cohort of 78 children
Authors: Pires de Castro Mariana Mader , Ricarte Beserra Izabel Calland
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To evaluate neuroimaging abnormalities in children with hypopituitarism and correlate with the number of pituitary hormone deficiencies, age at diagnosis, severity of growth hormone deficiency and response in the first year of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone. Material and methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Children with hypopituitarism followed at a pediatric university hospital over a 10-year period were included. All neuroimaging were reviewed by the researcher and classified as: normal, with hypoplastic adenohypophysis, absent pituitary stalk, ectopic neurohypophysis or empty sella. The Fisher-exact and the Mann-Whitney tests were applied for categorical and numerical data, respectively. The distribution of numerical variables was assessed by Shapiro-Wilks test. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Seventy-eight patients aged between 0.5 and 17.82 years were included in the study. We found male predominance. Only 29.5% of patients had normal magnetic imaging resonance, with hypoplastic adenohypophysis being the most frequent abnormality. Half of the patients had neonatal complications history. The same proportion of isolated growth hormone deficiency and multiple pituitary hormones deficiencies were found. Severe growth hormone deficiency was found in 82% of patients with neuroimaging abnormalities. Appropriate response to therapy was observed in 76.6% of patients, being more prevalent in those with multiple pituitary hormones deficiencies. Conclusions: The presence of neuroimaging abnormalities was related to multiple pituitary hormones deficiencies, severe growth hormone deficiency and neonatal abnormalities, without however having relation to early-onset of disease.
Cobalt radiation therapy treatments with opposed plain fields and beam flattening filter
Authors: Ravichandran Ramamoorthy , Barman Bandana , Mondal Tarani , Datta Gopal , Kannan Ravi
Published: January 2023

Low LET radiations such as cobalt (1.25 MeV) and 6 MV linac megavoltage gamma/x radiations continue to be a basic facility in a busy radiation therapy department. When the beam profiles in water are carefully scrutinized, linac beams have flattened isodose curves compared to slightly rounded curves in Co-60 beams at all depths. It was speculated that to overcome slight non-uniformity in the edges, as well as slight variations inside the planning target volume (PTV), a beam flattening filter may be preferable to be used along with plain radiotherapy fields. A pilot study of clinical use of beam flattener in cobalt beam is reported. A flattening filter (FF) was locally made out of dental wax, for 20 x 20cm field, in the 780E Telecobalt machine (M/s MDS Nordian, Canada). Beam profiles with and without FF were measured using water phantom, to confirm the filter efficiency. Both manual and Radiation Field (RFA) methods in water phantom confirmed efficacy of wax filter. This flattened beam was used in the treatments of Uterine Cervix and Oesophagus cancers, (25 patients each) with a measured filter transmission factor 0.805 in treatment plans. All the patients completed the prescribed dose of 50Gy in 25 fractions for Ca Cervix and 50Gy/25 fractions or 50.4Gy/28 fractions for Ca Oesophagus; at 5 fractions/ week treatment regimens. Case records of these patients retrospectively verified did not reveal any untoward associated morbidity on routine clinical follow ups during treatment or immediate follow up. As multi-leaf collimated cobalt beam also has built in rounded beam profiles, outcome of this work implemented in clinical applications add to new research knowledge. As cervix, head and neck, oesophagus malignancies form significant percentage of radiation oncology treatments, results of this present work will benefit many conventional treatments. It is strongly recommended that the clinical efficacy of FF Cobalt treatments be investigated in a controlled clinical trial, by random allotments with FF plain fields, with output corrections.
Challenges and opportunities for the global cultivation and adaption of legumes
Authors: Fouad Abobatta Waleed , Fathy ElHashash Essam , Helmy Hegab Rehab
Published: January 2023

There are many challenges facing the cultivation of legumes that lead to lowering productivity, making it unattractive for cultivation in different areas worldwide. Which include genetic, socio-economic restrictions, in addition to institutional constraints, environmental conditions, besides the technological restrictions. Genetic constraints, affect the production and breeding of leguminous crops due to difficulties of crossbreeding cultivated and wild species. Climate change conditions represent another factor pressure legumes production that requires the urgent achievement of agronomic and genetic practice. Legumes need more attention in the near future to improving productivity and provide the required food needs for the population around the world. There are various ways include policy initiatives to promote food security. Produce legume varieties adapted to changing climatic conditions of heat and drought considered essential factors to legume production worldwide. Furthermore, developing the production and availability of legumes through using proper agricultural strategies to increase annual cultivation whether by horizontal expansion through increasing cultivated area and reclamation of desert lands or by Vertical expansion and intensifying cultivation as well as intercropping legumes with other crops and introducing legumes into the agricultural rotation, reducing postharvest losses, in addition to using technology. On another side, including pulses into the agricultural system as part of the crop system, provide many direct and indirect benefits in agriculture, health, feed, also, contributes to reducing the negative impacts of climate change, protecting the environment, and sustain legumes productivity
Biofertilization of topinambur with Azospirillum brasilense and native mycorrhical fungi, cultivated in the Central Valley of Catamarca, Argentina
Authors: Di Barbaro Gabriela , Morales Silvana Batallán , Acosta Eliana Espeche , Melisa Rizo , González Basso Valeria , del Valle Eleodoro , Brandán de Weht Celia
Published: January 2023

To evaluate the effect of Azospirillum and mycorrhizal soil fungi on the nutrition of the Jerusalem artichoke crop (Helianthus tuberosus L.), determinations of agronomic parameters and the health status of the plants were carried out under field conditions. The tests were carried out, at the time of the implantation of the culture: the "seeds" were inoculated with A. brasilense and with native mycorrhizal fungi, generating four treatments including the control and the co-inoculation of the consortium of the microorganisms under study (T0: control or uninoculated control; T1: inoculation with native A. brasilense; T2: inoculation with native mycorrhizal fungi and T3: joint inoculation with A. brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi). The results indicate that co-inoculation with A. brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi, significantly increased plant growth in height, leaf area, biomass, dry matter, and yields. It was determined that the application of the selected microorganisms has a promoting effect of plant growth, increasing the growth and productivity of the topinambur crop
Disinfection with calcium hypochlorite and colloidal silver in the content of phenols of red and blue corn sprouts
Authors: Carlos Vidal Carreño Carrillo , Clemente Villanueva Verduzco , Sánchez Evert Villanueva , Castellanos Jaime Sahagún , José Enrique Herbert Pucheta
Published: January 2023

The production of sprouts for human consumption represents a healthy option to combat the effects of oxidative stress, due to the bioactive compounds that are synthesized during germination. The safety of sprouts is an essential requirement. In this study, calcium hypochlorite and colloidal silver were used as options for not alter the nutraceutical content of corn sprouts and eliminate dangerous pathogens for human food. Treatments based on calcium hypochlorite in high concentrations (0.4%) were more efficient for food safety, but with the disadvantage of reducing the content of free phenols in blue corn only from 374.55 mg to 261.06 mg / 100 g. Colloidal silver at dose of 1.4 ppm, has a pathogen control similar to calcium hypochlorite without reducing the content of free phenols, even increasing it. The best treatment to treat corn seeds for sprout production is colloidal silver at 1.4 ppm
TOR participation on the root system changes of Arabidopsis during its interaction with Azospirillum
Authors: Carrillo-Flores Elizabeth , Arreola Rivera Jonanci , Pazos-Solis Denni Mariana , Bocanegra-Mondragon Moises , Fierros Romero Grisel , Mellado-Rojas Maria Elena , Beltran-Pena Elda
Published: January 2023

The root system of the plant is essential for taking up water and nutrients, serves as an anchor and is the organ where plant-microorganism interaction takes place. When the Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 colonizes the root of the plants, it halts the growth of the primary root and stimulates the development of the lateral roots and root hairs which support vegetative, green biomass. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved protein in all eukaryotes, and it controls anabolic processes, such as cell cycle, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, cell wall changes and photosynthesis among others. TOR in plants forms part of the TORC1 complex, which when is activated by auxins and light, activates anabolic processes and represses autophagy. TOR regulates the growth of the primary root of Arabidopsis through cell proliferation and elongation. In the present investigation, the participation of TOR during the Arabidopsis-Azospirillum interaction was determined using two approaches, a pharmacology and other genetic. The results showed that TOR is involved in the development of the lateral roots of A. thaliana seedlings inoculated with A. brasilense.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is more than a special agent for biological control of pests
Authors: Sanchez–Yáñez Juan Manuel , Luis Rico José , Ulíbrri Gérard
Published: January 2023

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterial genus known mainly for its capability to synthesize, in addition to spores, a parasporal body or crystal (δ––endotoxin), comprised of proteins which are toxic to pest insects, i.e., Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera, and other orders. As well as plant pathogenic nematode and many other applications as endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria, or cleaning enviornmental form some chemicals polluting agents, and even in human medicine for cancer prevention. The Bt coexists in a close relationship with insects to which eventually infects and poisons. It is likely that these unfavorable changes occurred during the evolutionary pathway in the interactions Bacillus–insect, which resulted in the present biochemical diversity between these species. The goal of this minireview is to show role of Bt in comparation with other genus Bacillus and explain why Bt is of interest for biological control of pests in conventional, protected and organic agriculture regarding other biotechnological applications to fully exploit the beneficial potential of Bt
Analysis of the risk of exposure to methyl-mercury due to non intentional consumption of shark meat in males of Mexico city’s metropolitan area
Authors: Elizalde Ramirez Laura , Ramirez Romero Patricia , Reyes Victoria J Guadalupe , Flores Garcia Edson Missael
Published: January 2023

In this paper we estimate the probability and risk coefficient of methyl mercury exposure due to unintentional consumption of shark meat for the male inhabitants of Mexico City's metropolitan area. Using statistical and numerical methods, we built a risk function in terms of the concentration and life stage variables. Using mathematical results from the singularity theory, dynamical systems and differential geometry, we obtained that both, the risk average (2.96) and the risk probability (85%) are high. We also obtained the critical ages or risk which are 5.1 years for boys and 87 years for senior men, but this will be relevant only to those men who reach this age. All this, means that in the analysed sample, there is a high probability of developing deleterious health effects. So, if men want to consume fish products, they must buy whole fish to avoid the replacement
Production of unicelular protein and reduction of contaminating amount of vinasse
Authors: Maria F Lencina , Ada J Robinson , Samanta M Rearte , Patricia M Albarracín
Published: January 2023

The vinasse from ethanol distillery, which is a highly contaminating industrial waste, is produced in large quantities. Through biotechnology, it can be used for the production of protein while reducing contamination. The Candida utilis strain was isolated and adapted under different concentrations of aqueous formulas of vinasse, from 10 to 50%. The experimental trials were carried out in a lab using a “batch” reactor with vinasse. The growth of the microorganism was monitored using a carbon dioxide sensor (CO2). The parameters measured were: total nitrogen, COD (chemical demand of oxygen), pH and conductivity, at the beginning and end of each trial. Every two hours, the DO (optics density in a liquid environment) was measured with the objective of knowing its cellular concentration. For each physic- chemical variable analyzed, an ANOVA was realized to evaluate the factors of repetition, treatment and reactor, and it was chosen a significance level of 1%. The parameters measured reported: in total nitrogen there was an enrichment of 136% in the environment composed of 50% of vinasse in aqueous formulas; the average removal of the chemical demand of oxygen was 43%; the variation of pH, which was compared at the end of the trials, was 4% less than at the beginning; and the conductivity lessened to 9%. The monitoring of yeast growth by measuring the carbon dioxide concentrations throughout the time and the environment’s OD, allowed for the creation of a growth curve of the microorganism, with a fermentation period of 21 hours. It was proved that the Candida utilis strain can develop in a batch reactor with vinasse, in aqueous solutions of 50%, and producing a proteic enrichment of it as well as the removal of COD. The proposed process reduces the contamination of the main industrial effluent of Tucumán
Water quality of the Marimonda and El Salado swamps (Necoclí-Antioquia)
Authors: Hernandez-Morales Ingrid , Paternina-Uribe Roberth
Published: January 2023

This work was carried out in the El Salado and Marimonda swamps, located in the municipality of Necoclí (Antioquia-Colombia) and some physicochemical parameters were analyzed. They were shown to be sporadically representative in the wet and dry periods. The study area included 7 monitoring stations in the Ciénaga Marimonda and 5 in the Ciénaga el Salado. The parameters that were measured were hardness, alkalinity, pH, chlorides, nitrates, sulfates and total coliforms, compared with the minimum quality requirements included in decree 1594 of 1984 for natural waters and resolution 2115 of 2007 for water for use. potable. The result of the application of the ICA for the Marimonda swamps in the dry season reveals better quality indices in all monitoring stations with values ​​between 74.12 and 69.32, While in the wet season a slight deterioration in quality is observed. but keeping the classification on the scale with values ​​ranging between 66.23 and 56.09. For the Ciénaga el Salado in the dry season it was 74.32 and 68.52, while in the rainy season it was 68.22 and 52.32. The results were compared with the standards established by Colombian legislation
Reliability of mantoux in diagnosis of tuberculosis and factors affecting it
Authors: Israr Khan Diwan , Khan Samreen , Rehman Khan Nawalur
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted to determine the frequency of infected children cohabiting with sputum-positive and negative tuberculous adults for grounding the authenticity of the Montoux test in diagnosing tuberculosis among these groups. It was inferred from the study that a significant figure of the children with positive tuberculin skin test was not found to be diseased with tuberculosis and those with negative test results were diagnosed tuberculous based on chest X-ray, sputum examination, and FNAC of enlarged lymph nodes. Therefore, despite its widespread use, a large proportion of children remain undiagnosed yet are infected. Therefore, the Montoux test solely is not worth reliable for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and hence confirmation of the disease by more sophisticated tests is mandatory
New bioengineering approaches for immunotherapy
Authors: V Lapina , T Pavich , S Bushuk , J Kalvinkovskaya
Published: January 2023

New approaches for immunotherapy based on nanodiamond particles have been developed. The possible ways of conjugate synthesis comprising antibody as targeting vector, nanodiamond particles as carrier, chlorine e6 as photosensitizer, have been demonstrated. Spectral-luminescent properties of the conjugates have been studied. It has been shown that the conjugate obtained effectively binds to cells in vitro. It was observed that chlorine e6 immobilized on ND particles reveals its photodynamic activity under illumination and induces death of cells. Based on obtained results, possible advanced therapeutic strategies for novel medicine technologies have been proposed
Polyuria-polydipsia syndrome approach: clinical case and review
Authors: ES Martínez-Romo , Y Sánchez-Escobedo
Published: January 2023

Polyuria-polydipsia syndrome (PPS) compared three-pathologies: nephrogenic or central diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia. The initial approach considers different causes, and it requires a complete evaluation of the fluid-status support by physician. The diagnosis must exclude frequent abnormalities. Clinical case: A 57-year-old male during his hospitalization documents polydipsia and polyuria with urine volume of 3.5 to 8.45 L/day. We did a test for identify to etiology and other causes was eliminated, concluding a primary polydipsia in a patient with the most important risk was his psychiatric component. An algorithm is proposed according to this experience obtained with the case presented with a review of the topic from the point of view of the internist physician in a patient with a PPS in a controlled-environment.
Relation between preoperative fasting time and the plestimographic variability index (PVI)
Authors: E Carreto Luis , G. Rangel Erandy , Montes Kimberly
Published: January 2023

Preoperative fasting can also lead to physiological deleterious effects such as dehydration, and hypovolemia. The Plethysmographic Variability Index (PVI, Masimo Corp, Irvine, CA, USA), is a dynamic measurement and its variability could be related to hydration status. Objective: Find a correlation between the number of hours of preoperative fasting and the measurements of PVI. Studio and design: Experimental, prospective, longitudinal. Material and methods: During one-year, patients ASA I scheduled for elective general anesthesia, in an outpatient plastic surgery clinic, the nurse staff recorded PVI (%) values by MightySat® Masimo finger oximeter pulse and the hours of fasting carried out the night before their admission by direct interrogation of the patient. a simple linear regression with Pearson correlation coefficient, perfect = 1, to find a relation between fasting hours and PVI, being considered significant with a p< 0.05. Results: 140 patients were included, women (90%), mean age 35 years, the mean PVI values were 21.01 (SD +/- 7.20) means hours of preoperative fasting performed by patients 11.85 (SD+/- 2.34). Pearson correlation coefficient between fasting hours and PVI was 0.005 (t-student 0.0054, p bilateral 0.47) Conclusion: This study did not show a linear relation, direct or inverse, between fasting hours and PVI values. PVI as a dynamic measurement of preload or stroke volume did not show changes in terms of fasting time in our patients.
Anesthesia and elderly patient
Authors: Franjić Siniša
Published: January 2023

Anesthesia is a state of insensitivity of the whole body or part of the body to environmental stimuli and pain. Depending on the type of anesthesia, it may involve some degree of change in consciousness. General anesthesia is a sleep-like condition in which the patient consciously does not experience any stimuli from the environment. Regional anesthesia involves a series of procedures that prevent the transmission of painful stimuli from a specific part of the body to the central nervous system and is not associated with a change in the patient's state of consciousness. Depending on the type, regional anesthesia can lead to numbness of the entire lower body, limbs, or parts of them. Local anesthesia consists of giving the medicine in the same area where the procedure will be performed, which leads to insensitivity to pain only in that small, limited area of skin and subcutaneous tissue.
Autoinflammatory syndrome in an infant with suspected sepsis
Authors: Arango Ignacio Beamonte , Pardo Rocio Díaz de Bethencourt , Alvarez José Manuel López
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Autoinflammatory diseases encompass a group of rare pathologies characterized by acute and recurrent inflammatory episodes. Their clinical manifestations are very diverse and can affect practically any organ. The confirmatory diagnosis is based on genetic study but must be performed and interpreted correctly. Treatment with biologic drugs that block proinflammatory cytokines has been shown to be effective in a large proportion of patients. Case summary: 39-day-old infant admitted to intensive care with fever, skin lesions and marked irritability associated with acute respiratory failure and haemodynamic instability. On admission, he presented with a marked leukocytosis with neutrophilia and elevated inflammatory parameters without improvement despite antibiotic, antiviral and antifungal treatment. A thorough microbiological study was completed and no cause was found. After ruling out infectious, haematological and neoplastic causes, autoinflammatory disease was suspected. Finally, a genetic study revealed a pathogenic variant in the RIPK1 gene, and the patient was diagnosed with CRIA syndrome. Conclusion: Autoinflammatory diseases are unusual pathologies that should be suspected in cases of systemic inflammation in which autoimmune, neoplastic and infectious disorders are ruled out. Their diagnosis is complex due to clinical similarity and lack of specific criteria. Further studies on patients with RIPK1 gene alterations are needed to know in more detail their clinical features, response to treatment and prognosis.
Complications of a posterior fossa post-surgical patient, review of a case
Authors: Vázquez Dr. Dalila Balderas , Mendoza Erik Javier
Published: January 2023

The anesthetic and intensive care unit (ICU) management of patients undergoing posterior fossa neurosurgical procedures represents a true challenge due to the particular anatomy of this region, the vital structures adjacent to it and the possible complications derived from both the intervention itself (surgical) as well as the failed extubation, post-obstructive edema (due to pressure differences in the airway), the absence of swallowing and cough reflexes, mean that the (therapeutic) management is carried out in an optimal, with proper monitoring and decision-making in accordance with the situation. Below is a clinical case of a woman operated on for a posterior fossa tumor who presented airway complications and failed extubation.
Hyperchloremia and mortality in the ICU: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Medina-Lombo Ronald Antonio , Blanco-Pinzón Edward Julián , Ortiz- Palacios Angie Tatiana , Sanabria-Waldron Diana Catalina , Morales-Saenz Ana María , Morales Alejandra María Soto
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Part of the interventions in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) consist of the administration of crystalloids, implying a risk for the development of side effects. One of these is hyperchloremia, linked to the appearance of metabolic acidemia and systemic inflammatory response. Given these findings, observational studies have been developed, trying to establish an association between hyperchloremia and outcomes such as mortality and kidney failure; however, its diverse results prompt the development of new studies. In Colombia, there are no prospective cohort studies that establish any type of association with hard outcomes. Goal. To determine the association between the development of hyperchloremia and mortality and acute renal failure, in patients hospitalized in the ICU, in two hospitals in Bogotá D.C. Methodology: Analytical prospective cohort study conducted between June 1, 2019 and August 31, 2021. Results: 325 patients were analyzed, the cumulative incidence of hyperchloremia and acute renal failure in the entire study population was 44.6% and 29.5%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of death in the exposed was 36.5% vs 23.3% in the unexposed, with a relative risk RR=1.57, (95% CI 1.11-2.2) (p=<0.001). The cumulative incidence of acute renal failure was 43.4% in exposed patients and 18.3% in non-exposed patients, with a RR=2.37 with a (95% CI 1.65-3.4) (p<0.001). Conclusion: There is an association between the development of hyperchloremia and the outcomes of mortality and acute renal failure in critically ill patients.
Effectiveness of radiofrequency rhizotomies of genicular nerves for treating chronic pain in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Anwar Dr. Shahzad , Hassan Dr. Muhammad Waseem , Din Dr. Syed Shahabud , Ahmed Dr. Shoaib , Tirmzi Fatima
Published: January 2023

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of lower extremity disability in the elderly, primarily affecting lower extremity joints, such as the knee and hip. Elder patients with comorbidities may not be suitable candidates for surgery. For these difficult to treat cases, radiofrequency (RF) rhizotomies may be an effective alternative treatment. Likewise, it has been found that RF therapy can improve joint function and reduce pain by preventing the transmission of pain signals thus easing the patient. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency rhizotomies of genicular nerves in treating knee pain caused by knee osteoarthritis. Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the current study. The mean age of patients was 62.7+9.7. Majority of the patients were female (69%), married (79%), and overweight (58.0%). Regarding affected knee sites, 39% had left, 34% right and 29% had both knees affected, respectively. There was a significant difference in mean scores among patients before and after treatment follow-up. The mean pain score before starting the treatment was 7.63+1.11, in the 1st week. The follow up mean pain score was 3.94+0.874, which further reduced in the 12th week to 1.51+1.12. The pain score, OKS and HADs significantly improved from baseline to 12th week follow up which shows that RFA was an effective treatment for OA knee pain (P-value <0.05) which shows that Radiofrequency rhizotomies of genicular nerves was an effective treatment for OA knee pain (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: Radiofrequency rhizotomies of genicular nerves is a safe and effective treatment option for patients suffering from chronic pain caused by knee OA.
Aortic laceration during veress needle insertion: a laparoscopic disaster
Authors: Machado Miguel
Published: January 2023

Introduction: More than 50% of all complications associated with laparoscopy occur during the entry phase for pneumoperitoneum and insertion of trocars. Major vascular injuries related to blind entry technique are infrequent, occurring in 0.04–0.1% of laparoscopic procedures. Nevertheless, 13%–50% of all vascular injuries are not detected immediately during the operation, resulting in correspondingly high morbidity and mortality rates. Major vascular injuries are the second most common cause of death during laparoscopy, after death from anesthesia, with a mortality rate of 6.37 %. The first reaction after vascular injury should not be conversion to laparotomy, but instead assessment and possible control of the injury. Obesity, previous abdominal surgeries, surgical experience, inflammatory bowel disease and pelvic inflammatory disease are known risk factors to injuries during the entry phase in laparoscopy. Clinical case: A 47 years old woman, BMI 42.2 kg/m2, without any previous abdominal surgery, was proposed to an elective left hemicolectomy after 2 diverticulitis episodes in a 6 months period, at a secondary hospital. As soon as the Veress needle was inserted, blood was seen. After the first trocar was placed, an median retroperitoneal inframesogastric hematoma was seen and the surgeon did an unsuccessful attempt to control the bleeding. Since there was hemodynamic instability, a conversion was made. An infrarrenal aortic laceration was seen and clamps were put in place to stop the bleeding. The patient was then transferred to a tertiary hospital to be intervened by vascular surgery. An aortoplasty with patch of the great safenous vein and trombectomy of the ilio-distal arteries was performed. The time occurred between the injury and the beginning of the vascular surgery was 2hours. The patient went to an Intensive Care Unit. A total of 15 red blood cells pool (first 2 without compatibility test), 12 plasma units, 3grams of fibrinogen and 1 pool of plaquelets were transfused. During the intensive care stay, the patient developed leg compartment syndrome, with the need of fasciectomy and a moderate ARDS, making it harder to manage the disease. Conclusion: Major Vascular lesions in laparoscopy surgery are rare but are associated with great morbidity and mortality. A close cooperation between laparoscopic surgeons, anesthesiologists, vascular surgeons and intensivists is needed to minimize the damage and the improve the result of the vascular repair. The existence of strict action protocols is necessary to minimize morbidity and mortality.
Effectiveness of sphenopalatine ganglion block for V1 trigeminal neuralgia secondary to herpes zoster. case report
Authors: Andrea Del Rio-Parra Mariel , Gerardo Velázquez- Ramos José , Francisco DelRio-Parra Gerardo , Guillermo Aréchiga-Ornelas
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Postherpetic V1 branch trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a different neuralgia of the maxillary and mandibular divisions. This is usually refractory to conventional management since the involvement of the ophthalmic division can produce obvious autonomic symptoms. Few cases have been described, and conventional therapy is usually ineffective. Multimodal analgesic approaches are required in which regional anesthesia is considered an option, in order to optimize the response and improve the patient's quality of life. Methodology: A clinical case of a previously healthy 43-year-old female with a history of facial Herpes Zoster is reported. She presents TN of the left unilateral ophthalmic division for six months of evolution. The characteristic pain is accompanied by autonomic manifestations, refractory to pharmacological treatment. A sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block was performed in the pterygopalatine fossa with an infracygomatic approach. The evolution of pain was recorded on the Numerical Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the quality of life was reported by the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) scale on days 1, 15, 30, and 90 after the procedure. It was correlated with what was reported in the literature, finding only three cases related to autonomic trigeminal neuralgia (TN), which were treated with radiofrequency. The strongest evidence lies in the use of sphenopalatine ganglion block, radiofrequency ablation, and neurostimulation for cluster headaches. Results: A decrease in pain was reported on the VAS scale from 10/10 to 0/10 after the procedure, which was maintained during the first month without presenting autonomic symptoms. In the third month, VAS 2/10 is recorded, which is accompanied by tears. According to the HIT-6 scale, there was an improvement in quality of life from 69 points (very severe impact) to 36 points (little or no impact). Discussion: In recent studies, the connection of the ophthalmic nerve with the SPG has been found, in such a way that it is a possible explanation of why the SPG block is effective for pain relief in the ophthalmic nerve area in patients with TN. Conclusion: The present case of TN V1, with SPG blockade, showed analgesic efficacy and improvement in the quality of life reported by the patient. Further research with larger cohorts is required to standardize the procedure for such a diagnosis.
Evaluating the outcomes of Sudanese septic patients who necessitated invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: IbnIdriss Gwahir Ebrahim Osman , Mohamed Abdelwahid Ali Abdelwahid , Mahmoud Tarig Elhadi Elsideeg , Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim , Abdelrahman Nahla Ahmed Mohammed , Osman Sohep Abdalla , Ali Isam Eldeen Eltayeb Osman , Ismaeil Abderrhman Ahmed Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Background: Sepsis is a complicated disorder highlighted by the concurrent acceleration of coagulation and inflammation as a consequence of microbial assault. It has an important influence on hospitalized patients' need for mechanical ventilation and ICU admission. Objectives: The study's primary goal is to determine whether septic patients who require invasive mechanical ventilation fared well and whether their clinical condition improved or worsened after being connected to mechanical ventilation. The research also attempts to evaluate how additional medical interventions and other comorbidities affect the patient's prognosis. Material and methods: From November 2017 to May 2018, 160 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock were taken part in a prospective cross-sectional trial. The information was gathered using a straightforward, standardized questionnaire that included questions regarding the admission, progress, and outcome of septic patients who received mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit. Results: 58 (36%) of the 160 patients were female, with 102 (64%) of the patients being male. In the age range of 60 to 70 years, 41 of them (or 25.6%) were detected. The majority of patients (59/369) had sepsis from a chest infection. Most of the patients, 87 (54.4%), got a combination of midazolam and fentanyl for sedation and analgesia. The majority of the patients, 85 (53%) had SIM/PS ventilation. Ultimately, 71 patients (44.4%) died, 80 patients (50%) were extubated, and 9 patients (5.6%) remained stationary and had a tracheostomy. Additionally, age, reasons, sedative type, and duration of stay were all substantially linked with the MV consequences (P 0.05). Conclusion: The better the outcome, the earlier septic patients who need IMV were identified and attached to IMV. It has been demonstrated that receiving IMV decreased mortality in septic patients by around 50%. The findings suggest that this intervention should be made more widely available and more reasonably priced by the authorities, along with the training of additional staff and the development of standard protocols for treating patients with such a condition. Focusing on health education awareness, establishing a focused outpatient department, and promptly screening patients who necessitate early referral to a tertiary care facility are the three most crucial aspects.
Disease prevention in chemistry, biology and safety classes (by studying the properties of the cyclamen plant as an example)
Authors: Viktorovich Petrov Sergey , Levoshina Yelizaveta Sergeevna , Nikolaevna Belyaeva Olga , Nikolaevna Voronova Olga
Published: January 2023

Current chemistry, biology, and bacteriology classes at school on the preparation of rudimentary remedies for disease (by studying the cyclamen plant as an example) are reviewed. Useful skills in herbal medicine can be taught successfully to students. The study of practical issues of personal safety increases the interest of young people in learning.