bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation studies has a kids problem
Authors: Hunter Madeleine
Published: July 2024

While children’s books have proved fertile ground for the theorization of adaptation as process and product, adaptation studies has proved remarkably reluctant to explore the relationship between adaptation studies and childhood itself. This paper takes this hesitancy as its central focus, combining recent metacritical studies of adaptation and its theorization (Elliott 2018; 2020) with theory from the fields of children’s literature and childhood studies in order to demonstrate how adaptation studies has operated under what I will describe as the ‘anxiety of infantilization’. This paper will explore how this anxiety of infantilization manifests by engaging the work of three prominent scholars in the field—Deborah Cartmell, Thomas Leitch, and Kyle Meikle—and analysing the discourses of childhood that underpin their discussions of the relationship between adaptation and childhood. It will be my contention that existing discussions of the child and adaptation studies remain enmeshed in what Marah Gubar labels as ‘difference’ and ‘deficit’ models of childhood (2013; 2016), and that if we are ever to get out from under our anxiety of infantilization, we must find a way to Gubar’s third model: ‘kinship’ (ibid.).
Moving to mate? Migration strategy does not predict genetic structure or diversity in bats (Chiroptera)
Authors: Korpach Alicia M , de Greef Evelien , Newediuk Levi , Schmidt Chloé , Garroway Colin J , Thorstensen Matt J
Published: July 2024

How, when, and where animals move during mating periods directs gene-flow patterns across landscapes. Traits associated with movement, such as movement ability and migratory behaviour, are sometimes correlated with population genetic structure, but this relationship depends on where and when mating occurs relative to annual movements. With their wide diversity in behaviours and life-history strategies, bats provide a testing ground for hypotheses about population structure related to migration and mating. We used a global sample of microsatellite data (N = 233 sampling locations from 17 bat species) associated with published studies to examine links between genetic variation and short-distance, long-distance, or non-migratory strategies that also relate to varied mating strategies. The genetic measures we tested were population-specific differentiation, gene diversity, and allelic richness. Using Bayesian models that accounted for phylogenetic distances among species and spatial autocorrelation, we identified no correlations between migration strategy and genetic variation. Our results suggest that hypotheses about genetic structure being mediated by migration might not hold, in general, for bat species. We discuss the need for continued research into the complex association of ecological, biogeographical, and behavioural factors that facilitate gene flow among populations, especially in species with diverse movement patterns.
How verbal text guides the interpretation of advertisement images: a predictive typology of verbal anchoring
Authors: Bünzli Fabienne , Eppler Martin J
Published: July 2024

One of the key functions of verbal text in modern advertising is to anchor (i.e., constrain) the meaning of the accompanying image, thereby leading the audience toward a preferred interpretation. However, despite the importance of verbal anchoring, there is limited understanding of the various forms it can take and the related effects on audience responses. To address this gap, we propose a new typology that distinguishes verbal anchoring based on the underlying sense-giving strategy and degree of completeness. We then delineate a set of empirically testable predictions on how these verbal anchoring types may influence information processing and subsequent persuasion. The article concludes by discussing the contributions of the typology to communication research and by suggesting new avenues for future studies.
Hybrid treat-and-repair strategy for large patent ductus arteriosus: a proof-of-concept case report
Authors: Tsuboya Naoki , Mitani Yoshihide , Ohashi Hiroyuki , Sawada Hirofumi , Hirayama Masahiro
Published: July 2024

Background

In cases of atrial septal defect with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a treat-and-repair strategy that adopts pulmonary vasodilator therapy and subsequent defect closure is postulated to be effective. However, this strategy has not been applied to the large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with PAH.

Case summary

A 10-year-old girl with trisomy 21 was referred to our hospital for the treatment of a large PDA with PAH. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed a type C tubular PDA with a minimal diameter of 8.1 mm, an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of 60 mmHg, a ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) of 2.7, and pulmonary artery resistance (Rp) of 7.1 U/m2. Because she was categorized in the grey zone for operability, we adopted a hybrid treat-and-repair strategy in which palliative surgical duct banding was performed before pulmonary vasodilator therapy to prevent excessive pulmonary blood flow and was followed by transcatheter closure of the PDA. Postoperatively, we confirmed the flow-restricted duct with a minimal diameter of 3.3 mm, decreased Qp/Qs 1.38, high mPAP 40 mmHg, and Rp 7.3 U/m2. Six months after treatment with macitentan and tadalafil, we confirmed a decrease in Rp 4.1 U/m2 as well as low Qp/Qs 1.12, which was low enough for the duct occlusion. The transcatheter occlusion of the surgically created type A conical duct was easily and safely performed. In the mid-term follow-up, favourable haemodynamics and improved exercise were confirmed.

Discussion

This is the first proof-of-concept case report to show the successful hybrid treat-and-repair strategy for large PDA, which warrants further investigation.
Hybrid palliation to promote growth of left ventricle and left ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Eising Jacobien B , Bökenkamp Regina , Schneider Adriaan W , Kuipers Irene M , Hazekamp Mark G
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES

In patients with borderline left hearts or a severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, hybrid palliation can be used to stabilize the patient and postpone biventricular repair (BVR). In this study, we analysed growth of left-sided structures and outcomes of these patients.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients who received hybrid palliation between January 2010 and September 2023. Echo measurements were collected at hybrid palliation, BVR and last follow-up. Growth of left ventricular structures were analysed.

RESULTS

In 38 patients, hybrid palliation was used to promote growth of left ventricular structures. In total, 15 patients received a Ross–Konno/Yasui procedure, while 23 patients received conventional BVR. In patients with a conventional BVR, a significant increase was found in left ventricular volume indexed by body surface area, Z-score of aortic valve and left ventricular outflow tract between hybrid palliation and BVR. Mitral valve Z-score did not increase significantly. After BVR until follow-up, only increase of the aortic valve Z-scores and left ventricular volume indexed by body surface area was found significant. Of all included patients (n = 38), additional surgical procedures were necessary in 8 patients during the interstage period and 15 patients after BVR. Additional catheter interventions were needed in 14 patients in the interstage period and 15 after BVR. Six patients died, with no mortality in the conventional BVR group.

CONCLUSIONS

Hybrid palliation as part of a staged BVR is a safe and effective initial step and promotes the growth of left ventricular structures in patients with small left-sided heart structures. Close follow-up is mandatory because extra catheter or surgical interventions are frequently needed.
Trends in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and lipid management: a population-level observational cohort study in Wales
Authors: Harris Daniel E , King Daniel , Akbari Ashley , Gravenor Mike , Lawrence Mathew , Weston Clive , Hopkins Chris , Phillips Leighton , Halcox Julian
Published: July 2024

Aims

European clinical guidelines recommend that patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), are prescribed lipid lowering treatment (LLT) and treated to target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This study aimed to document trends in ASCVD, including treatment, monitoring, and achievement of target LDL-C.

Methods and results

A retrospective observational population study was performed using linked healthcare data (2010–22). Over the study period, the number of patients with ASCVD increased from 181 153 to 207 747 (8882 to 9398 per 100 000). The proportion of patients prescribed LLT decreased from 75.3% in 2010 to 67.1% in 2022; high-intensity statin therapy increased from 9.4 to 25.2%, while non-high-intensity statin therapy decreased from 59.6 to 38.2%. The prescription of high-intensity statin therapy was consistently higher amongst patients with IHD (10.9% in 2010 increasing to 28.0% in 2022) than in patients with stroke (4.7–21.6%) or PAD (3.9–10.6%).

The proportion of cases with documented LDL-C decreased from 58.0% in 2010 to 49.3% in 2022. Of those with documented LDL-C in 2022, 44.0% achieved LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/L, including 45.2% of those with IHD, 42.0% of those with stroke, and only 32.8% of those with PAD.

Conclusion

Prescription of LLT, including high-intensity statin therapy, documentation of LDL-C, and achievement of target LDL-C levels was relatively low, especially in PAD patients. Although target achievement in ‘tested patients’ increased over time, the proportion of patients undergoing lipid testing declined. More rigorous lipid management requires prioritisation, especially for PAD and stroke patients.
Cardiac rehabilitation and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: MacEachern Evan , Quach Jack , Giacomantonio Nicholas , Theou Olga , Hillier Troy , Abel-Adegbite Ifedayo , Gonzalez-Lara Mariana , Kehler Dustin Scott
Published: July 2024

Aims

Frailty among cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participants is associated with worse health outcomes. However, no literature synthesis has quantified the relationship between frailty and CR outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine frailty prevalence at CR admission, frailty changes during CR, and whether frailty is associated with adverse outcomes following CR.

Methods and results

We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE for studies published from 2000 to 2023. Eligible studies included a validated frailty measure, published in English. Two reviewers independently screened articles and abstracted data. Outcome measures included admission frailty prevalence, frailty and physical function changes, and post-CR hospitalization and mortality. Observational and randomized trials were meta-analysed separately using inverse variance random-effects models. In total, 34 peer reviewed articles (26 observational, 8 randomized trials; 19 360 participants) were included. Admission frailty prevalence was 46% [95% CI 29–62%] and 40% [95% CI 28–52%] as measured by Frailty Index and Kihon Checklist (14 studies) and Frailty Phenotype (11 studies), respectively. Frailty improved following CR participation (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.68, 95% CI 0.37–0.99; P < 0.0001; six studies). Meta-analysis of observational studies revealed higher admission frailty and increased participants’ risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 9.24, 95% CI 2.93–29.16; P = 0.0001; four studies). Frailer participants at admission had worse physical health outcomes, but improved over the course of CR.

Conclusion

High variability in frailty tools and CR designs was observed, and randomized controlled trial contributions were limited. The prevalence of frailty is high in CR and is associated with greater mortality risk; however, CR improves frailty and physical health outcomes.

Registration

PROSPERO: CRD42022311765.
Fruit ripening and postharvest changes in very early–harvested tomatoes
Authors: Chen Yao , Tang Xuemei , Fei Zhangjun , Giovannoni James J
Published: July 2024

It is well known that if a fruit is harvested extremely early its development and function are interrupted, and it may never attain full maturity and optimal quality. Reports revealing insights regarding the alterations of maturation, ripening and postharvest quality in very early picked fruits are rare. We examined the effects of early harvesting on tomatoes by characterizing different accessions at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels. We found that even very early–harvested fruits could achieve postharvest maturation and ripening though with some defects in pigment and cuticle formation, and seeds from very early–harvested fruits could still germinate and develop as normal and healthy plants. One critical regulator of tomato cuticle integrity, SlCER1–2, was shown to contribute to cuticle defects in very early–harvested fruits. Very early fruit harvest still allowing ripening and seed development indicate that the genetic and physiological programs of later maturation and ripening are set into motion early in fruit development and are not dependent on complete fruit expansion nor attachment to the plant.
User Engagement in an Online Digital Health Intervention to Promote Problem Solving
Authors: O’Brien Heather L , Chen Annie T , Kaneshiro Jasmine , Zaslavsky Oleg
Published: July 2024

Digital health interventions (DHIs) can facilitate positive health outcomes. User engagement (UE) plays an important role in DHI efficacy. Yet, DHIs vary in functionality, design and intended outcomes, underscoring the importance of incremental, user-centred design to understand engagement in specific settings. This study explores the relationship between user engagement and DHI implementation in three design iterations, or rounds, of a unique, multi-week asynchronous intervention that leverages online discussion and problem-solving therapy (PST). The intervention seeks to engage older adults to improve problem solving skills relating to the intervention focus, health aging (two rounds) and Lewy Body Dementias (LBD) caregiving (one round). The PST component drew upon personas, a common user-centered design method, in a novel way. Exit interviews were conducted at the end of each round to understand participants' experiences. Using thematic analysis, we identified factors that contributed to social engagement (‘engaging with others’) and learning engagement (‘engaging with content’) with the DHI. The findings demonstrate how iterative changes in the design and delivery of a DHI can contribute to user engagement, increasing the likelihood of knowledge acquisition and developing problem-solving skills as part of health self-management.
Learning in Pyjamas: What Their Use of Webcams Reveals about Students’ Self-Presentation in Online Learning Activities
Authors: Succi Chiara , Nobile Tekila Harley , Cantoni Lorenzo , Tardini Stefano
Published: July 2024

The paper aims to describe how higher education students manage their webcams in a synchronous digital learning setting. A survey investigated students' self-presentation and the main factors impacting their decision to turn the camera on or not. The results indicate that only 6% of students always keep their camera on, affected by an inappropriate setting, only 19% have a dedicated space, and by personal appearance, 75% wear pyjamas or a gym suit. Students do not manage their impression either because they are not aware of the implications, or they are not technically equipped, or because they do not consider it relevant in online learning activities. Findings' implications provide relevant recommendations for higher education institutions to better prepare students to study effectively in a digital learning environment.
A multi-year characterization of confiscated vaping products from Virginia school youth
Authors: Holt Alaina K , Buckmire Meredith G , Moss Kelsey S , Meekins Jessemia , Outhous Ashleigh E , Reveil Laerissa , Goden Akira B , Hoetger Cosima , Eversole Alisha , Poklis Justin L , Soule Eric K , Cobb Caroline O , Peace Michelle R
Published: July 2024

The US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) regulatory oversight over electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) includes access restriction for persons <21 years of age and flavor restrictions for “cartridge-based” products. Despite the restrictions, consumption by US youth perseveres. Studies on youth e-cig use are limited by the reliability and accuracy of self-reports. As an alternative to self-reports, the current study examined nicotine, cannabinoid, and unlabeled e-cigs and other vaping products confiscated from Virginia public schools to characterize trends among students. Findings highlight a shift from JUUL and pod-based products to single use disposable e-cigs following the FDA flavor restrictions on cartridge-based e-cigs. Chemical analysis of e-liquids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry identified a wide variety of flavorants and an increase in the prevalence of synthetic coolants. Most confiscated products were nicotine salt formulations, but the prevalence of cannabinoid-based vaping products increased. The popularity of flavored disposable e-cigs highlights the need for further restrictions to reduce youth consumption. The increasing use of synthetic coolants instead of menthol may suggest that manufacturers are employing tactics to bypass regulations. Continued youth access to e-cigs and the abundance of cannabinoid-based products is problematic from health and safety perspectives. Continued research incorporating confiscated product analysis can be used to understand youth access to vaping products and evolutions in manufacturing practices.
Ecological niche modeling of the Leopardus tigrinus complex sheds light on its elusive evolutionary history
Authors: Bonilla-Sánchez Alejandra , Sartor Caroline Charão , Fox-Rosales Lester Alexander , Feijó Anderson , Ramírez-Fernández José D , Brenes-Mora Esteban , Mooring Michael S , Blankenship Steven R , Sánchez-Lalinde Catalina , Nascimento Fabio Oliveira do , Zug Rebecca , Oliveira Marcelo Juliano , Dantas Marinho Paulo Henrique , Braga Ferreira Guilherme , Solari Sergio , de Oliveira Tadeu Gomes , Eizirik Eduardo
Published: July 2024

The evolutionary history and taxonomy of the Leopardus tigrinus species complex have been studied based on several approaches, mostly employing genetic and morphological data, leading to distinct classification schemes. We approached this problem from an ecological perspective, with 2 main goals: (i) to evaluate ecological niche differences among regional L. tigrinus populations to determine the extent of ecological divergence among them; and (ii) to identify environmental barriers to historical dispersal that could have driven differentiation among the proposed groups. We modeled the ecological niche of all taxonomic/geographic groups proposed so far to comprise the L. tigrinus complex using the Maximum Entropy algorithm, and evaluated geographic and ecological niche differences among them. Furthermore, we investigated possible environmental barriers to historical dispersal that could have driven differentiation among regional groups. We evaluated 4 hypothetical barriers across 3 time periods to assess their potential historical effect. We found high ecological divergence between northeastern tigrina populations and the northern Andean and Central American tigrinas. Other groups within the L. tigrinus complex are less divergent. In addition, the Guiana Shield tigrina, where the type locality of the species is located, seems to be ecologically similar to populations from northeastern Brazil while also showing some overlap with Andean populations. The Panama center, the Llanos of Colombia and Venezuela, and the Amazon region were identified as historical barriers for tigrina dispersal across all time periods. The inferred historical barriers and ecological divergence observed in this study contribute to the inference of evolutionary differentiation among geographic groups comprising the L. tigrinus complex, revealing areas of consistently low habitat suitability that have likely contributed to divergence among regional populations.
Scaled Paired Comparisons as an Alternative to Ratings and Rankings for Measuring Values
Authors: Plutzer Eric , Berkman Michael B
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces and assesses a method for estimating individual and group relative preferences of values. The method of scaled paired comparisons is introduced in the context of prior research on rating methods struggles to avoid nondifferentiation when rating sets of popular objects that constitute a value system. The method of scaled paired comparisons is introduced, along with a planned missing procedure that allows the method to be applied to large number of values. Using data from a survey experiment, the paper compares scaled paired comparisons with rating scales modeled on those used in the European Social Survey. This exploratory study finds that scaled paired comparisons require more time to complete but provide measures with greater reliability and higher construct validity than rating questions using identical question stems. While the particular example in this paper concerns liberal democracy, the method’s foundations lie in the study of terminal and instrumental values, and the method has the potential to improve measurement of those value systems and others such as post-materialism, child rearing, and more. More generally, it may be an attractive substitute for rating scales whenever the objects being rated are sufficiently popular (or unpopular) as to induce nondifferentiation and valid straightlining.
Leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase BM41 regulates cuticular wax deposition in sorghum
Authors: Tian Ran , Nájera-González Héctor-Rogelio , Nigam Deepti , Khan Adil , Chen Junping , Xin Zhanguo , Herrera-Estrella Luis , Jiao Yinping
Published: July 2024

Cuticular wax (CW) is the first defensive barrier of plants that forms a waterproof barrier, protects the plant from desiccation, and defends against insects, pathogens, and UV radiation. Sorghum, an important grass crop with high heat and drought tolerance, exhibits a much higher wax load than other grasses and the model plant Arabidopsis. In this study, we explored the regulation of sorghum CW biosynthesis using a bloomless mutant. The CW on leaf sheaths of the bloomless 41 (bm41) mutant showed significantly reduced very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), triterpenoids, alcohols, and other wax components, with an overall 86% decrease in total wax content compared with the wild type. Notably, the 28-carbon and 30-carbon VLCFAs were decreased in the mutants. Using bulk segregant analysis, we identified the causal gene of the bloomless phenotype as a leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein kinase. Transcriptome analysis of the wild-type and bm41 mutant leaf sheaths revealed BM41 as a positive regulator of lipid biosynthesis and steroid metabolism. BM41 may regulate CW biosynthesis by regulating the expression of the gene encoding 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6. Identification of BM41 as a new regulator of CW biosynthesis provides fundamental knowledge for improving grass crops’ heat and drought tolerance by increasing CW.
Monitoring nucleolar-nucleoplasmic protein shuttling in living cells by high-content microscopy and automated image analysis
Authors: Engbrecht Marina , Grundei David , Dilger Asisa M , Wiedemann Hannah , Aust Ann-Kristin , Baumgärtner Sarah , Helfrich Stefan , Kergl-Räpple Felix , Bürkle Alexander , Mangerich Aswin
Published: July 2024

The nucleolus has core functions in ribosome biosynthesis, but also acts as a regulatory hub in a plethora of non-canonical processes, including cellular stress. Upon DNA damage, several DNA repair factors shuttle between the nucleolus and the nucleoplasm. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying such spatio-temporal protein dynamics remain to be deciphered. Here, we present a novel imaging platform to investigate nucleolar-nucleoplasmic protein shuttling in living cells. For image acquisition, we used a commercially available automated fluorescence microscope and for image analysis, we developed a KNIME workflow with implementation of machine learning-based tools. We validated the method with different nucleolar proteins, i.e., PARP1, TARG1 and APE1, by monitoring their shuttling dynamics upon oxidative stress. As a paradigm, we analyzed PARP1 shuttling upon H2O2 treatment in combination with a range of pharmacological inhibitors in a novel reporter cell line. These experiments revealed that inhibition of SIRT7 results in a loss of nucleolar PARP1 localization. Finally, we unraveled specific differences in PARP1 shuttling dynamics after co-treatment with H2O2 and different clinical PARP inhibitors. Collectively, this work delineates a highly sensitive and versatile bioimaging platform to investigate swift nucleolar-nucleoplasmic protein shuttling in living cells, which can be employed for pharmacological screening and in-depth mechanistic analyses.
Assembly of the bacterial ribosome with circularly permuted rRNA
Authors: Dong Xiyu , Sheng Kai , Gebert Luca F R , Aiyer Sriram , MacRae Ian J , Lyumkis Dmitry , Williamson James R
Published: July 2024

Co-transcriptional assembly is an integral feature of the formation of RNA–protein complexes that mediate translation. For ribosome synthesis, prior studies have indicated that the strict order of transcription of rRNA domains may not be obligatory during bacterial ribosome biogenesis, since a series of circularly permuted rRNAs are viable. In this work, we report the structural insights into assembly of the bacterial ribosome large subunit (LSU) based on cryo-EM density maps of intermediates that accumulate during in vitro ribosome synthesis using a set of circularly permuted (CiPer) rRNAs. The observed ensemble of 23 resolved ribosome large subunit intermediates reveals conserved assembly routes with an underlying hierarchy among cooperative assembly blocks. There are intricate interdependencies for the formation of key structural rRNA helices revealed from the circular permutation of rRNA. While the order of domain synthesis is not obligatory, the order of domain association does appear to proceed with a particular order, likely due to the strong evolutionary pressure on efficient ribosome synthesis. This work reinforces the robustness of the known assembly hierarchy of the bacterial large ribosomal subunit and offers a coherent view of how efficient assembly of CiPer rRNAs can be understood in that context.
ADBP-1 regulates ADR-2 nuclear localization to control editing substrate selection
Authors: Eliad Berta , Schneider Noa , Ben-Naim Zgayer Orna , Amichan Yarden , Glaser Fabian , Erdmann Emily A , Rajendren Suba , Hundley Heather A , Lamm Ayelet T
Published: July 2024

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, is a prevalent and conserved RNA modification. While A-to-I RNA editing is essential in mammals, in Caenorhabditis elegans, it is not, making them invaluable for RNA editing research. In C. elegans, ADR-2 is the sole catalytic A-to-I editing enzyme, and ADR-1 is an RNA editing regulator. ADAR localization is well-studied in humans but not well-established in C. elegans. In this study, we examine the cellular and tissue-specific localization of ADR-2. We show that while ADR-2 is present in most cells in the embryo, at later developmental stages, its expression is both tissue- and cell-type-specific. Additionally, both ADARs are mainly in the nucleus. ADR-2 is adjacent to the chromosomes during the cell cycle. We show that the nuclear localization of endogenous ADR-2 depends on ADBP-1, not ADR-1. In adbp-1 mutant worms, ADR-2 is mislocalized, while ADR-1 is not, leading to decreased editing levels and de-novo editing, mostly in exons, suggesting that ADR-2 is also functional in the cytoplasm. Besides, mutated ADBP-1 affects gene expression. Furthermore, we show that ADR-2 targets adenosines with different surrounding nucleotides in exons and introns. Our findings indicate that ADR-2 cellular localization is highly regulated and affects its function.
Targeting DNA junction sites by bis-intercalators induces topological changes with potent antitumor effects
Authors: Huang Shih-Chun , Chen Chia-Wei , Satange Roshan , Hsieh Chang-Chih , Chang Chih-Chun , Wang Shun-Ching , Peng Chi-Li , Chen Tai-Lin , Chiang Ming-Hsi , Horng Yih-Chern , Hou Ming-Hon
Published: July 2024

Targeting inter-duplex junctions in catenated DNA with bidirectional bis-intercalators is a potential strategy for enhancing anticancer effects. In this study, we used d(CGTATACG)2, which forms a tetraplex base-pair junction that resembles the DNA–DNA contact structure, as a model target for two alkyl-linked diaminoacridine bis-intercalators, DA4 and DA5. Cross-linking of the junction site by the bis-intercalators induced substantial structural changes in the DNA, transforming it from a B-form helical end-to-end junction to an over-wounded side-by-side inter-duplex conformation with A-DNA characteristics and curvature. These structural perturbations facilitated the angled intercalation of DA4 and DA5 with propeller geometry into two adjacent duplexes. The addition of a single carbon to the DA5 linker caused a bend that aligned its chromophores with CpG sites, enabling continuous stacking and specific water-mediated interactions at the inter-duplex contacts. Furthermore, we have shown that the different topological changes induced by DA4 and DA5 lead to the inhibition of topoisomerase 2 activities, which may account for their antitumor effects. Thus, this study lays the foundations for bis-intercalators targeting biologically relevant DNA-DNA contact structures for anticancer drug development.
Flavonoid Supplementation Is Beneficial for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Yiting , Hu Weihuan , Zhu Hanyue , Liu Chang , Qu Fan , Zhou Jue
Published: July 2024

Context

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal imbalance that predominantly affects women in their reproductive years. Previous studies have yielded conflicting conclusions.

Objective

This is an updated meta-analysis aiming to explore the connection between flavonoid supplementation and PCOS.

Data Sources

Seven databases were searched: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, spanning from their inception to April 15, 2024.

Data Extraction

Two authors independently searched the databases using the search terms.

Data Analysis

Following strict inclusion criteria, 8 papers were ultimately included. This updated meta-analysis suggests that flavonoid supplementation could enhance follicular development, promote the proliferation and differentiation of follicular granulosa cells, elevate estradiol levels, and mitigate testosterone, C-reactive protein, and ovarian index levels.

Conclusion

This analysis suggests that dietary flavonoids could potentially alleviate symptoms associated with PCOS.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022382912.
Liquor Rations and Labour Management in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World
Authors: Florio Christopher M
Published: July 2024

A striking yet underexamined system of labour management circulated between land and sea in the nineteenth-century Atlantic world: the use of liquor rations to stimulate worker productivity. Turning to the British naval warship and the American slave plantation, this article depicts how labour supervisors in both settings relied on carefully regulated quantities of alcohol to extract more labour from their workforces. Even as Anglo-American temperance activists called for sobering up the working classes, many naval commanders and slaveholders held firm to the belief that managed intemperance was an essential tool for mobilizing workers. The study of liquor rations and the arguments endorsing their distribution helps to reveal how a spectrum of coercive labour practices swept through the Atlantic world amid the emergence of an industrial capitalist order. Zooming in on the history of these rations enables us to discern labour extraction strategies that operated between the poles of violent coercion and market-based exploitation, and that animated vital sectors of the Atlantic economy during the nineteenth century.
A Racial Model of Electoral Reform: The Relationship between Restrictive Voting Policies and Voter Confidence for Black and White Voters
Authors: Coll Joseph A , Clark Christopher J
Published: July 2024

In Crawford v. Marion County (2008), the Supreme Court ruled that voter identification requirements are lawful on the grounds that, even if they do not prevent fraud, they can instill confidence in voting. However, this reasoning ignores the historical and contemporary racial biases in the enactment and administration of restrictive voting policies in the United States. This legacy likely colors the extent to which Black and white voters see reforms as deterring fraud versus increasing suppression, and as such, how confident they are in election outcomes. We examine how increasing voter restrictions affects voter fraud beliefs and voter confidence among Black and white voters. We find that the enactment of restrictive policies decreases fraud beliefs among white voters but has no effect on fraud beliefs for Black voters; however, Black voters are less confident in elections when conducted with more restrictive policies while white voters are not. Finally, we find suggestive evidence that the racial gap in the effects of restrictive voting policies on voter confidence is partially undergirded by racial elite signaling.
Valuing Financial Data
Authors: Farboodi Maryam , Singal Dhruv , Veldkamp Laura , Venkateswaran Venky
Published: July 2024

How should an investor value financial data? The answer is complicated because it depends on the characteristics of all investors. We develop a sufficient statistics approach that uses equilibrium asset return moments to summarize all relevant information about others’ characteristics. Our approach values public or private data, data about one or many assets, and data relevant for dividends or sentiment. While different data types, of course, have different valuations, heterogeneous investors also value the same data very differently. This finding suggests a low price elasticity for data demand. Heterogeneous investors’ data valuations are also affected very differentially by market illiquidity.
Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale and Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties
Authors: Zúñiga Le-Bert Milena , Wiessner Max , Wehr Sophia , Weigel Lucia , Leucht Stefan
Published: July 2024

Background and Hypothesis

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that has a significant impact on quality of life (QOL). Measuring QOL can offer insights into treatment efficacy and areas of intervention, highlighting the importance of valid tools assessing QOL in people with schizophrenia.

Study Design

We employed the COSMIN systematic review guideline to assess the psychometric properties of the schizophrenia quality of life scale (SQLS) and its 4th revision, the schizophrenia quality of life scale revision 4 (SQLS-R4), as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Study Results

The search yielded 455 papers, 16 were included, 7 for the SQLS and 9 for the SQLS-R4. Both scales demonstrated good results in risk of bias assessment for internal consistency and convergent validity, the SQLS-R4 additionally for known-groups validity. For the SQLS, PROM development, structural validity, and reliability were suboptimal. The SQLS-R4 showed suboptimality regarding structural validity and reliability and inadequacy for cross-cultural validity and responsiveness. The updated criteria for good measurement properties indicated good convergent validity for the SQLS and good internal consistency, reliability, and convergent validity for the SQLS-R4. The SQLS showed suboptimal results for reliability and known-groups validity, while the SQLS-R4 demonstrated suboptimality in structural validity and known-groups validity. The SQLS had indeterminate structural validity and internal consistency; the SQLS-R4 showed indeterminate responsiveness, and insufficient cross-cultural validity. When using the updated GRADE approach of the COSMIN group, both scales received a very low grade.

Conclusions

The SQLS and SQLS-R4 hold the potential for recommendation in rating QOL. Identified weaknesses necessitate further validations.
Biogeographic History of Pigeons and Doves Drives the Origin and Diversification of Their Parasitic Body Lice
Authors: Sweet Andrew D , Doña Jorge , Johnson Kevin P
Published: July 2024

Despite their extensive diversity and ecological importance, the history of diversification for most groups of parasitic organisms remains relatively understudied. Elucidating broad macroevolutionary patterns of parasites is challenging, often limited by the availability of samples, genetic resources, and knowledge about ecological relationships with their hosts. In this study, we explore the macroevolutionary history of parasites by focusing on parasitic body lice from doves. Building on extensive knowledge of ecological relationships and previous phylogenomic studies of their avian hosts, we tested specific questions about the evolutionary origins of the body lice of doves, leveraging whole genome data sets for phylogenomics. Specifically, we sequenced whole genomes from 68 samples of dove body lice, including representatives of all body louse genera from 51 host taxa. From these data, we assembled > 2300 nuclear genes to estimate dated phylogenetic relationships among body lice and several outgroup taxa. The resulting phylogeny of body lice was well supported, although some branches had conflicting signals across the genome. We then reconstructed ancestral biogeographic ranges of body lice and compared the body louse phylogeny to the phylogeny of doves, and also to a previously published phylogeny of the wing lice of doves. Divergence estimates placed the origin of body lice in the late Oligocene. Body lice likely originated in Australasia and dispersed with their hosts during the early Miocene, with subsequent codivergence and host switching throughout the world. Notably, this evolutionary history is very similar to that of dove wing lice, despite the stronger dispersal capabilities of wing lice compared to body lice. Our results highlight the central role of the biogeographic history of host organisms in driving the evolutionary history of their parasites across time and geographic space.
Identification of a substrate of the renal tubular transporters for detecting drug-induced early acute kidney injury
Authors: Jin Yong-Wen , Ma Yan-Rong , Liu Yu-Ting , Yang Jin-Ru , Zhang Ming-Kang , Ran Feng-Lin , Chen Yang , Wu Xin-An
Published: July 2024

Early identification of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is essential to prevent renal damage. The renal tubules are typically the first to exhibit damage, frequently accompanied by changes in renal tubular transporters. With this in mind, we have identified an endogenous substrate of the renal tubular transporters that may serve as a biomarker for early detection of drug-induced AKI. Using gentamicin- and vancomycin-induced AKI models, we found that traumatic acid (TA), an end metabolite, was rapidly increased in both AKI models. TA, a highly albumin-bound compound (96% to 100%), could not be filtered by the glomerulus and was predominantly eliminated by renal tubules via the OAT1, OAT3, OATP4C1, and P-gp transporters. Importantly, there is a correlation between elevated serum TA levels and reduced OAT1 and OAT3 levels. A clinical study showed that serum TA levels rose before an increase in serum creatinine in 13 out of 20 AKI patients in an intensive care unit setting. In addition, there was a notable rise in TA levels in the serum of individuals suffering from nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, and acute renal failure. These results indicate that the decrease in renal tubular transporter expression during drug-induced AKI leads to an increase in the serum TA level, and the change in TA may serve as a monitor for renal tubular injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high clinical incidence, and if patients do not receive timely treatment and intervention, it can lead to severe consequences. During AKI, tubular damage is often the primary issue. Endogenous biomarkers of tubular damage are critical for the early diagnosis and treatment of AKI. However, there is currently a lack of reliable endogenous biomarkers for diagnosing tubular damage in clinical practice. Tubular secretion is primarily mediated by renal tubular transporters (channels), which are also impaired during tubular damage. Therefore, we aim to identify endogenous biomarkers of tubular damage from the perspective of renal tubular transporters, providing support for the early detection and intervention of AKI. TA is a substrate of multiple channels, including OAT1, OAT3, OATP4C1, and P-gp, and is primarily secreted by the renal tubules. In the early stages of rat AKI induced by GEN and VCA, serum TA levels are significantly elevated, occurring earlier than the rise in serum creatinine (SCr). Thus, TA is expected to become a potential endogenous biomarker for the early diagnosis of tubular damage.
Sex hormone deprivation abolishes sex‐specific differences in murine colon inflammation and related lipid mediator production
Authors: Pace Simona , Meyer Katharina Paula Lydia , Troisi Fabiana , Bilancia Rossella , D'Avino Danilo , Parisi Olga , Rizza Roberta , Stiuso Paola , Gerstmeier Jana , Schädel Patrick , Ialenti Armando , Sautebin Lidia , Serhan Charles N. , Rossi Antonietta , Borrelli Francesca , Werz Oliver
Published: July 2024

Unresolved inflammation, due to unfavorable imbalances between pro‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving mediators, leads to chronic inflammatory pathologies that are often sex‐biased and regulated by sex hormones, including inflammatory bowel disease. Lipid mediators (LM) produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids by various lipoxygenases (LOX) and cyclooxygenases govern all stages of inflammation, i.e., the initiation and progression by pro‐inflammatory eicosanoids and its resolution by specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPM). Here, we reveal sex‐specific differences in murine experimental colitis with male preponderance, which was abolished by sex hormone deprivation using gonadectomy, and this correlated to the levels of inflammation‐relevant mediators in the colon. Oral dextran sodium sulfate administration caused more severe colon inflammation in male CD‐1 mice than in female counterparts during the acute phase. Colitis in males yielded higher colonic cytokine/chemokine levels but lower 12−/15‐LOX‐derived LM including SPM compared to female animals in the resolving phase. Sex hormone deprivation in male mice by orchidectomy ameliorated colitis and impaired pro‐inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels but elevated 12−/15‐LOX products including SPM, thus abolishing the observed sex differences. Conversely, ovariectomy impaired the levels of those LM that dominated in females and that were increased in males after gonadectomy. Our findings suggest that male sex hormones promote the development of colitis connected to the biosynthesis of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and certain LM, especially pro‐resolving 12−/15‐LOX products that appear to be suppressed in the male colon due to androgens.
The potential role of the prolyl isomerase Pin1 during blastocyst implantation and uterine decidualization in mice
Authors: Xu Rui , Li Yunzhi , Li Shupei , Wang Ning , Lin Shuai , Du Tianxi , Wang Fengsong , Zhang Xiuhong
Published: July 2024

During early pregnancy in mice, the establishment of uterine receptivity and endometrial decidualization require the extensive proliferation and differentiation of endometrial epithelial cells or stromal cells. Pin1 has been suggested to act as a molecular ‘timer’ of the cell cycle and is involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation by binding many cell‐cycle regulatory proteins. However, its physiological role during early pregnancy is still not fully understood. Here, we employed immunohistochemistry to determine the spatiotemporal pattern of Pin1 expression during early pregnancy. We found that Pin1 was mainly localized in subluminal stromal cells on day 4, in the decidual zone on days 5 to 8 of pregnancy and in artificial decidualization. Using a uterine stromal cell culture system, we found that progesterone, but not estrogen, induced the expression of Pin1 in a progesterone receptor‐dependent manner. Inhibition of Pin1 in the uterus leads to impaired embryo implantation and decidualization in mice. Notably, a decrease in Pin1 activation affected the functional execution of several implantation‐ or decidualization‐related factors. These findings provide new evidence for a previously unknown function of Pin1 in mediating embryo implantation and decidualization during successful pregnancy establishment and maintenance.
Treatment of Chronic Parastomal Ulceration with Silver Sulfadiazine and Hyaluronic Acid: Two Case Reports
Authors: Carlin Alison
Published: July 2024

Skin complications in individuals with an ostomy are widely reported and can cause physical and emotional challenges in everyday life. Chronic parastomal skin complications can be difficult to heal and cause significant pain.

Two patients presented to the stomal therapy clinic for treatment and were diagnosed with chronic parastomal skin ulceration. Following standard treatment of wound management, topical corticosteroid ointment, and appliance review, the ulcers either were not improving or had reoccurred. Treatment with a combination cream consisting of 0.2% hyaluronic acid and 1% silver sulfadiazine was initiated, and both patients demonstrated complete healing.

Treatment of parastomal skin ulceration with dual-action cream 0.2% hyaluronic acid and 1% silver sulfadiazine was successful for these two patients, with a reduction in pain and purulent fluid noted throughout treatment, in addition to a reduced cost of treatment when compared with standard protocols.
Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Education to Support Older Adults with Diabetic Foot Ulcers to Age-in-Place: A Case Series
Authors: Rickards Tracey , Roberts Christina , Smith Tracey , Shittu Surajudeen , Boodoo Chris , Cross Karen
Published: July 2024

The objective of this article is to demonstrate the added value of foot care provided by an RN with foot care training to older adults in their home by focusing on four older adults with diabetic foot ulcers. The RN used a mobile multispectral near-infrared spectroscopy device to enhance the assessment of the diabetic foot ulcers. The Mobile Seniors Wellness Network methodically engaged with English-speaking adults 55 years and older living within a 90-minute radius of the city’s community health center. Older adults were referred to the research project through various sources. The participation group included 366 participants with varying holistic healthcare concerns and financial stressors that impacted their ability to age well in place. Over the course of visits by the RN and registered social worker, positive outcomes were facilitated through the collaboration of the participant and the multidisciplinary team, thus enhancing the individual's confidence to remain at home longer. In a time of ongoing provincial health crisis, it may be cost-effective to provide in-home support to those who want to age well in their communities by deploying a Mobile Seniors Wellness Network system throughout the province and enhancing the RN’s assessment of feet with a portable and innovative technology tool.