bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth, Yield and Economics of Irrigated Green Gram (Vigna radiata .L) as Influenced by Inorganic Fertilizer and Various Organic Inputs
Authors: Sasi S. , Alagappan S. , Manuel R. Isaac , Katharine S. Praveena
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted at agronomy research farm of Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore during rabi season 2022 in order to look into the influence by inorganic fertilizer and various organic inputs on the crop growth and yield compared to organic fertilizer in greengram under irrigation. The experiment comprised of ten treatments viz. T1 : Absolute control, T2 : Vermicompost 100% + 2% Cowdung slurry, T3 : Vermicompost 100% + 2% biomineralizer,T4 : Vermicompost 100% + 2% EM solution, T5 : Vermicompost 100% + 2% pleurotus sp, T6 : Vermicompost 50% + RDF 50% + 2% Cowdung slurry, T7 : Vermicompost 50% + RDF 50% + 2% biomineralizer, T8 : Vermicompost 50% + RDF 50% + EM solution, T9 : Vermicompost 50% + RDF 50% + pleurotus sp and T10 : RDF alone were arranged in Randomized Block Design and replicated three times. Data was collected in 20, 40 DAS and at harvest stage of greengram crop. Results in all the growth parameters, yield and its attributes and economics had a significant influence under the inorganic fertilizer (100% RDF). The plant height (65.8 cm), dry matter accumulation (3871 kg ha-1) and number of pods/plant (12.32), number of grains/pod (7.2), grain yield (981 kg ha -1), haulm yield (2538 kg ha -1) of greengram were recorded in T10. On the basis of economics, the maximum gross returns (Rs.68670 ha -1), net returns (Rs. 39441 ha -1) and B: C ratio (2.34) was recorded under treatment (100% RDF).
Optimization of Spacing and Fertilizer Levels on Growth, Yield Parameters and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)
Authors: Singh Nunavath Umil , Venkatachalapathi V. , Murthy K. N. Kalyana , Latha H. S. , Naveen D. V. , Sree Yerradoddi Sindhu
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season-2019 at Agricultural Research Station, Chintamani, Karnataka. The experiment consisted of four levels of spacing (45 × 15, 45 × 30, 60 × 15, and 60 × 30 cm) and three levels of fertilizer (40:20:20, 60:40:40 and 80:60:60 kg NPK ha-1) to determine the influence of different spacing and fertilizer levels on growth and yield of chia (Salvia hispanica L). The experiment was arranged in a statistical design of Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (FRCBD) with three replications. The report of the study indicated that among different spacings, 60 × 30 cm was recorded a significantly higher number of leaves plant-1 (108), a number of primary and secondary branches plant-1 (22.38 and 27.69, respectively), Dry matter accumulation plant-1 (146.09 g) and seed yield (1015 kg ha-1) however, spacing of 45 cm × 15 cm produced significantly superior plant height (125.57 cm). Among different fertilizer levels, the application dose of 80:60:60 kg NPK ha-1 recorded significantly higher plant height (125.59 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (103.67), number of primary and secondary branches plant-1 (22.47 and 27.63, respectively), Dry matter accumulation plant-1 (131.47 g), seed yield (1020 kg ha-1). Significantly higher seed yield (1122 kg ha-1) was obtained in the treatment combination of 60 × 30 cm with 80:60:60 kg NPK ha-1 compared to other treatments.
Left Shoulder Fungating Mass in a 46-Year-Old Man
Authors: Jiang Heng , Figy Sean C. , Santamaria-Barria Juan A.
Published: June 2023

A 46-year-old man presented with a left shoulder mass. He reported limited shoulder movements and denied other symptoms. What is your diagnosis?
A Self‐Charging Aluminum Battery Enabled by Spontaneous Disproportionation Reaction
Authors: Liu Meng , Lv Guocheng , Liu Hao , Fu Yuqing , Zhang Jian , Liao Libing , Jiang De‐en , Guo Juchen
Published: June 2023

Herein, a self‐charging mechanism of rechargeable aluminum (Al) batteries with Chevrel phase molybdenum sulfide (Mo6S8) cathode is reported. The results unambiguously reveal that the self‐charging is a spontaneous disproportionation of Al intercalated Mo6S8 originated from the dynamic shift of Al between occupied sites during Al intercalating and resting. The theoretical study indicates that the fully Al intercalated Mo6S8 in the format of Al4/3Mo6S8 is kinetically accessible driven by electrochemical overpotential but thermodynamically unstable due to the repulsion between Al3+ cations. This mechanism is a true self‐charging with no input of any form of energy, thus distinctly superior to the previously reported self‐charging mechanisms. Based on this discovery, a semi‐flow AlMo6S8 battery is designed and demonstrated with long‐lasting discharge capability and high capacity.
Revealing High‐Rate and High Volumetric Pseudo‐Intercalation Charge Storage from Boron‐Vacancy Doped MXenes
Authors: Liu Zhaoxi , Tian Yapeng , Li Shiquan , Wang Liu , Han Buxing , Cui Xinwei , Xu Qun
Published: June 2023

The design of pseudocapacitive electrodes that exhibit high‐rate and high volumetric capacitances is a big challenge, since it requires subtle modulation of ion‐intercalation structures that are able to achieve high electrochemical activity, fast ion transport, and facilitated electron transfer, simultaneously. Herein, controllable and selective etching of B atoms from B‐doped Ti3AlC2 precursors is reported, which generates boron‐vacancy doped MXene (B‐V‐MXene) nanosheets with finely‐regulated, ion‐intercalation structures. Electrochemical studies and density‐functional‐theory calculations demonstrate that Ti around vacancies possess higher surface‐redox activity with protons than those on pristine MXenes for the improvement of capacitances. In addition, interlayer spacing can be optimized on B‐V‐MXenes in promoting proton intercalation. More importantly, the dopant B atoms can increase the electron density on Ti, facilitating the adsorption of the intercalated protons; and further, B 2p‐Ti 3d hybridized band sits closer to the Fermi energy than that of C 2p bands, which bridges the energy gap for electron transfer in the pseudo‐capacitive reaction. With synergy of all these effects, the novel B‐V‐MXene compact electrodes can deliver the previously unmatched high volumetric capacitances of 807 F cm−3 at 1,000 mV s−1 and 1,815 F cm−3 at 5 mV s−1, with excellent cycle stability over 10,000 cycles.
Janus Nano‐Micro Structure‐Enabled Coupling of Photothermal Conversion, Heat Localization and Water Supply for High‐Efficiency Solar‐Driven Interfacial Evaporation
Authors: Chen Zhongyi , Wang Jing , Zhou Haijun , Xie Zongming , Shao Lei , Chen Aizheng , Wang Shi‐Bin , Jiang Nina
Published: June 2023

Photothermal conversion, heat localization and water supply are the keys to achieving efficient solar‐driven interfacial evaporation. However, effective coupling between the three aspects at the air/liquid interface remains challenging. Herein, Au@Ag‐Pd trimetallic nanostructure/polystyrene (PS) microsphere Janus structures are designed as the solar absorber and thermal insulator. The Janus structures deposited on a water supply layer act as a 2D interfacial solar evaporator. The PS microsphere localizes heat at micrometer scale and enhances plasmonic absorption of the Au@Ag‐Pd nanocrystals supported on the microsphere. Meanwhile, the Janus structures divide the surface of water supply layer into multiple regions with sub‐micrometer depths, lowering the evaporation enthalpy. Owing to the synergic effects of these components, the evaporator realizes a solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiency of 99.1% and an evaporation rate of 3.04 kg m−2 h−1 in pure water under 1 sun illumination. The efficient solar‐driven evaporation can last for over 40 h. Furthermore, the solar evaporator shows high‐performance seawater desalination with salt removal ratios of near 100%. This study brings new insights for controlling evaporation thermodynamics and kinetics. The Janus nano‐micro structure design can be extended to other systems for various solar‐thermal applications.
Granular Hydrogels in Biofabrication: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Daly Andrew C.
Published: June 2023

Granular hydrogels, which are formed by densely packing microgels, are promising materials for bioprinting due to their extrudability, porosity, and modularity. However, the multidimensional parameter space involved in granular hydrogel design makes material optimization challenging. For example, design inputs such as microgel morphology, packing density, or stiffness can influence multiple rheological properties that govern printability and the behavior of encapsulated cells. This review provides an overview of fabrication methods for granular hydrogels, and then examines how important design inputs can influence material properties associated with printability and cellular responses across multiple scales. Recent applications of granular design principles in bioink engineering are described, including the development of granular support hydrogels for embedded printing. Further, the paper provides an overview of how key physical properties of granular hydrogels can influence cellular responses, highlighting the advantages of granular materials for promoting cell and tissue maturation after the printing process. Finally, potential future directions for advancing the design of granular hydrogels for bioprinting are discussed.
Multifunctional MOF‐Derived Au, Co‐Doped Porous Carbon Electrode for a Wearable Sweat Energy Harvesting–Storage Hybrid System
Authors: Guan Shoujie , Li Jiaxuan , Wang Yuyang , Yang Yang , Zhu Xun , Ye Dingding , Chen Rong , Liao Qiang
Published: June 2023

As an efficient alternative for harnessing the energy from human's biofluid, a wearable energy harvesting–storage hybrid supercapacitor–biofuel cell (SC‐BFC) microfluidic system is established with one multifunctional electrode. The electrode integrates metal–organic framework (MOF) derived carbon nanoarrays with embedded Au, Co nanoparticles on a flexible substrate, and is used for the symmetric supercapacitor as well as the enzyme nanocarriers of the biofuel cell. The electrochemical performance of the proposed electrode is evaluated, and the corresponding working mechanism is studied in depth according to the cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory calculation. The multiplexed microfluidic system is designed to pump and store natural sweat to maintain the continuous biofuel supply in the hybrid SC‐BFC system. The biofuel cell module harvests electricity from lactate in sweat, and the symmetric supercapacitor module accommodates the bioelectricity for subsequent utilization. A numerical model is developed to validate the normal operation in poor and rich sweat under variable situations for the microfluidic system. One single SC‐BFC unit can be self‐charged to ≈0.8 V with superior mechanical durability in on‐body testing, as well as energy and power values of 7.2 mJ and 80.3 µW, respectively. It illustrates the promising scenery of energy harvesting–storage hybrid microfluidic system.
Mg‐CS/HA Microscaffolds Display Excellent Biodegradability and Controlled Release of Si and Mg Bioactive Ions to Synergistically Promote Vascularized Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wei Ling , Du Zhiyun , Zhang Chenguang , Zhou Yingying , Zhu Fangyu , Chen Yumin , Zhao Han , Zhang Fengyi , Dang Pengrui , Wang Yijun , Meng Yanze , Heng Boon Chin , Zhang Hongcheng , Song Jinlin , Liu Wenwen , Cai Qing , Deng Xuliang
Published: June 2023

For bone defect repair, it is critical to utilize biomaterials with pro‐angiogenic properties to enhance osteogenesis. Hydroxyapatite (HA)‐based materials widely used in clinical applications have shown much potential for bone repair. However, their predominant calcium phosphate (CaP) composition and poor biodegradability limit their angiogenic potential and hence osteogenic efficiency of HA‐based materials. Here, a magnesium ion‐doped calcium silicate/HA composite microscaffold (Mg‐CS/HA) is fabricated to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenic efficiency for bone repair. Incorporation of CS improved the biodegradability of the Mg‐CS/HA microscaffold, which could simultaneously release Si and Mg bioactive ions during the early stage of implantation, synergistically enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenic efficiency. In co‐culture systems, the synergistic effects of Si and Mg ions promote the “osteogenesis‐angiogenesis coupling effect.” In vivo, the Mg‐CS/HA microscaffold could significantly promote reconstruction of the vascular network and bone regeneration. This study thus provides a new strategy for coordinated release of bioactive ions to achieve synergistic effects on vascularized bone regeneration by HA‐based bone implant materials.
Ultrasonic‐Enabled Nondestructive and Substrate‐Independent Liquid Metal Ink Sintering
Authors: Liu Sanhu , Xu Zhiwu , Li Guoqiang , Li Zhengwei , Ye Zihan , Xu Zirong , Chen Wenjun , Jin Dongdong , Ma Xing
Published: June 2023

Printing or patterning particle‐based liquid metal (LM) ink is a good strategy to overcome poor wettability of LM for its circuits’ preparation in flexible and printed electronics. Subsequently, a crucial step is to recover conductivity of LM circuits consisting of insulating LM micro/nano‐particles. However, most widely used mechanical sintering methods based on hard contact such as pressing, may not be able to contact the LM patterns' whole surface conformally, leading to insufficient sintering in some areas. Hard contact may also break delicate shapes of the printed patterns. Hereby, an ultrasonic‐assisted sintering strategy that can not only preserve original morphology of the LM circuits but also sinter circuits on various substrates of complex surface topography is proposed. The influencing factors of the ultrasonic sintering are investigated empirically and interpreted with theoretical understanding by simulation. LM circuits encapsulated inside soft elastomer are successfully sintered, proving feasibility in constructing stretchable or flexible electronics. By using water as energy transmission medium, remote sintering without any direct contact with substrate is achieved, which greatly protect LM circuits from mechanical damage. In virtue of such remote and non‐contact manipulation manner, the ultrasonic sintering strategy would greatly advance the fabrication and application scenarios of LM electronics.
Limited reproductive interference despite high rates of heterospecific pollen transfer among co‐occurring bat‐pollinated Burmeistera
Authors: Moreira‐Hernández Juan I. , Ghai Harmeet , Terzich Nicholas , Zambrano‐Cevallos Ricardo , Oleas Nora H. , Muchhala Nathan
Published: June 2023

Premise

Many tropical plants are bat‐pollinated, but these mammals often carry copious, multispecific pollen loads making bat‐pollinated plants susceptible to heterospecific pollen deposition and reproductive interference. We investigated pollen transfer between sympatric bat‐pollinated Burmeistera species and their response to heterospecific pollen deposition from each other.

Methods

We quantified conspecific and heterospecific pollen deposition for two populations of B. ceratocarpa, a recipient species in heterospecific pollen transfer interactions, that co‐occur with different donor relatives (B. borjensis and B. glabrata). We then used a cross‐pollination scheme using pollen mixtures to assess the species' responses to heterospecific pollen deposition in terms of fruit abortion and seed production.

Results

Burmeistera ceratocarpa received significantly more heterospecific pollen from its relatives at both sites than its own pollen was deposited on its relatives. However, heterospecific pollen deposition only affected seed production by B. borjensis and B. glabrata, but not by B. ceratocarpa, suggesting that early acting post‐pollination barriers buffer the latter against reproductive interference. Crosses between sympatric and allopatric populations suggest that the study species are fully isolated in sympatry, while isolation between allopatric populations is strong but incomplete.

Conclusions

We did not observe evidence of reproductive interference among our study species, because either heterospecific pollen deposition did not affect their seed production (B. ceratocarpa) or they receive heterospecific pollen only rarely (B. borjensis and B. glabrata). Frequent heterospecific pollen deposition might favor the evolution of barriers against foreign pollen (as in B. ceratocarpa) that alleviate the competitive costs of sharing low fidelity pollinators with co‐occurring species.
miR‐200a‐3p regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition and inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by targeting ZEB1 via ERK/p38 pathway
Authors: Wu Yisha , Sun Kaiyue , Tu Yanyi , Li Ping , Hao Dingqian , Yu Peng , Chen Aiping , Wan Yuzhu , Shi Li
Published: June 2023

Background

Several biological processes are regulated by miR‐200a‐3p, including cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study we aimed to uncover the diagnostic value and molecular mechanisms of miR‐200a‐3p in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Methods

The expressions of miR‐200a‐3p were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), Zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) levels were examined by qRT‐PCR and immunofluorescence staining. The interaction between miR‐200a‐3p and ZEB1 was predicted by TargetScan Human 8.0 and confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assays. In addition, the effect of miR‐200a‐3p and ZEB1 on EMT‐related makers and inflammation cytokines was assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting in human nasal epithelial cells (hNEpCs) and primary human nasal mucosal epithelial cells (hNECs).

Results

We found that miR‐200a‐3p was downregulated in non‐eosinophilic and eosinophilic CRSwNP patients when compared with controls. The diagnostic value of miR‐200a‐3p in serum is reflected by the receiver operating characteristic curve and the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified ZEB1 as a target of miR‐200a‐3p. ZEB1 was more highly expressed in CRSwNP than in controls. Furthermore, miR‐200a‐3p inhibitor or ZEB1 overexpression significantly suppressed the epithelial marker E‐cadherin; promoted the activation of vimentin, α‐spinal muscle atrophy, and N‐cadherin; and aggravated inflammation in hNEpCs. Knockdown of ZEB1 significantly alleviated the cellular remodeling caused by miR‐200a‐3p inhibitor via the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/p38 pathway in hNECs.

Conclusions

miR‐200a‐3p suppresses EMT and inflammation by regulating the expression of ZEB1 via the ERK/p38 pathway. Our study presents new ideas for protecting nasal epithelial cells from tissue remodeling and finding a possible target for disease.
Resolving the Heat Generated from ZrO2 Atomic Layer Deposition Surface Reactions
Authors: Bielinski Ashley R. , Kamphaus Ethan P. , Cheng Lei , Martinson Alex B. F.
Published: June 2023

In situ pyroelectric calorimetry and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used to investigate surface reactions in atomic layer deposition (ALD) of zirconium oxide (ZrO2). Calibrated and time‐resolved in situ ALD calorimetry provides new insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics of saturating surface reactions for tetrakis(dimethylamino)zirconium(IV) (TDMAZr) and water. The net ALD reaction heat ranged from 0.197 mJ cm−2 at 76 °C to 0.155 mJ cm−2 at 158 °C, corresponding to an average of 4.0 eV/Zr at all temperatures. A temperature dependence for reaction kinetics was not resolved over the range investigated. The temperature dependence of net reaction heat and distribution among metalorganic and oxygen source exposure is attributed to factors including growth rate, equilibrium surface hydroxylation, and the extent of the reaction. ZrO2‐forming surface reactions were investigated computationally using DFT methods to better understand the influence of surface hydration on reaction thermodynamics.
Do Corroles Stabilize Tetravalent Antimony?
Authors: Eulberg Simon , Schulze Nina , Krumsieck Jens , Klein Niels , Bröring Martin
Published: June 2023

Antimony corrole cations have been prepared by one‐electron oxidation of antimony(III) congeners with silver(I) and copper(II) salts. Isolation and crystallization was successful for the first time, and the X‐ray crystallographic investigation unraveled structural similarities with antimony(III)corroles. EPR experiments showed strong hyperfine interactions of the unpaired electron with the 121Sb (I=5/2) and 123Sb nuclei (I=7/2). A DFT analysis supports the description of the oxidized form as a SbIII corrole radical with less than 2 % SbIV character. In the presence of water or a fluoride source like PF6−, the compounds undergo a redox disproportionation to yield known antimony(III)corroles and either difluorido‐antimony(V)corroles, or bis‐μ‐oxido‐di[antimony(V)corroles] via novel cationic hydroxo‐antimony(V) derivatives.
Highly Efficient FeIII‐initiated Self‐cycled Fenton System in Piezo‐catalytic Process for Organic Pollutants Degradation
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Qiang , Gao Xin , Wang Peifang , Che Huinan , Tang Chunmei , Ao Yanhui
Published: June 2023

Piezo‐catalytic self‐Fenton (PSF) system has been emerging as a promising technique for wastewater treatment, while the competing O2 reductive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and FeIII reduction seriously limited the reaction kinetics. Here, we develop a two‐electron water oxidative H2O2 production (WOR−H2O2) coupled with FeIII reduction over a FeIII/BiOIO3 piezo‐catalyst for highly efficient PSF. It is found that the presence of FeIII can simultaneously initiate the WOR−H2O2 and reduction of FeIII to FeII, thereby enabling a rapid reaction kinetics towards subsequent Fenton reaction of H2O2/FeII. The FeIII initiating PSF system offers exceptional self‐recyclable degradation of pollutants with a degradation rate constant for sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) over 3.5 times as that of the classic FeII‐PSF system. This study offers a new perspective for constructing efficient PSF systems and shatters the preconceived notion of FeIII in the Fenton reaction.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Regioselective Intermolecular Dialkylation of Alkenylarenes: Generation of Two Vicinal C(sp3)−C(sp3) Bonds Across Alkenes**
Authors: Lux Daniel M. , Aryal Vivek , Niroula Doleshwar , Giri Ramesh
Published: June 2023

We disclose a Ni‐catalyzed regioselective dialkylation reaction of alkenylarenes with α‐halocarbonyls and alkylzinc reagents. The reaction produces γ‐arylated alkanecarbonyl compounds with the generation of two new C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds at the vicinal carbons of alkenes. This reaction is effective for the use of primary, secondary and tertiary α‐halocarboxylic esters, amides and ketones in conjunction with primary and secondary alkylzinc reagents as the sources of two C(sp3) carbons for the dialkylation of terminal and cyclic internal alkenes.
Epoxy Thermosets Designed for Chemical Recycling
Authors: Türel Tankut , Dağlar Özgün , Eisenreich Fabian , Tomović Željko
Published: June 2023

Epoxy thermosets constitute a significant portion of high‐performance plastics, as they possess excellent thermal and mechanical properties that are applicable in a wide range of industries. Nevertheless, traditional epoxy networks show strict limitations regarding chemical recycling due to their covalently crosslinked structures. Although existing methods provide partial solutions for the recycling of epoxy networks, it is urgent to develop more effective, sustainable, and permanent strategies that will solve the problem at hand. For this purpose, developing smart monomers with functional groups that enable the synthesis and development of fully recyclable polymers is of great importance. This review highlights recent advancements in chemically recyclable epoxy systems and their potential to support a circular plastic economy. Moreover, we evaluate the practicality of polymer syntheses and recycling techniques, and assess the applicability of these networks in industry.
On relevation transform involved with statistical dependence between two component lifetimes
Authors: Fang Rui , Li Chen , Li Xiaohu
Published: June 2023

Krakowski (Rev Fr Autom Inform Rech Opèr. 1973;7:107–120.) introduced the relevation transform for component and active redundancy with independent lifetimes, and except for Johnson and Kotz (Am J Math Manag Sci. 1981;1:155–165; Nav Res Logist. 1983;30:163–169.) most subsequent researches were conducted under this framework. However, it is not uncommon that a component and its active redundancy bear some common stresses due to the environment and thus they have dependent lifetimes. In this note, we equip the involved lifetimes with a survival copula and then clarify the potential difference between the new and classical versions through making stochastic comparison. Moreover, by ordering the lifetime of system with relevation redundancy we also study the way of allocating a relevation redundancy at component level to ultimately improve the system reliability. The present results on series and parallel systems serve as a generalization of the corresponding ones of Belzunce et al. (Appl Stoch Models Bus Ind. 2019;35:492–503.). Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate these findings as well.
Cannabis during pregnancy: A way to transfer an impairment to later life
Authors: Motamedi Sina , Amleshi Reza Saboori , Javar Behnoush Akbari , Shams Parisa , Kohlmeier Kristi A. , Shabani Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Epidemiological studies examining the influence of cannabis across the lifespan show that exposure to cannabis during gestation or during the perinatal period is associated with later‐life mental health issues that manifest during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The risk of later‐life negative outcomes following early exposure is particularly high in persons who have specific genetic variants, implying that cannabis usage interacts with genetics to heighten mental health risks. Prenatal and perinatal exposure to psychoactive components has been shown in animal research to be associated with long‐term effects on neural systems relevant to psychiatric and substance use disorders. The long‐term molecular, epigenetic, electrophysiological, and behavioral consequences of prenatal and perinatal exposure to cannabis are discussed in this article. Animal and human studies, as well as in vivo neuroimaging methods, are used to provide insights into the changes induced in the brain by cannabis. Here, based on the literature from both animal models and humans, it can be concluded that prenatal cannabis exposure alters the developmental route of several neuronal regions with correlated functional consequences evidenced as changes in social behavior and executive functions throughout life.
Disruption of TNF‐α signaling improves osteoblastic differentiation of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone repair
Authors: Bighetti‐Trevisan Rayana L. , Bueno Natália P. , Souza Alann T. P. , Marques Márcia M. , Rosa Adalberto L. , Beloti Marcio M. , Ferraz Emanuela P.
Published: June 2023

Adipose tissue is an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells (at‐MSCs), but their low osteogenic potential limits their use in bone regeneration. Adipose tissue plays a role in pro‐inflammatory diseases by releasing cytokines with a catabolic effect on bone, such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). Thus, we hypothesized that endogenous TNF‐α could have a negative effect on at‐MSC differentiation into osteoblasts. Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting TNF‐α receptors (siR1, siR2, and si1R/R2) were transfected into at‐MSCs, and cell differentiation was assessed by measuring the expression of bone markers, ALP activity, and mineralized matrix. Scrambled was used as Control. Knockout at‐MSCs (KOR1/R2) was injected in mice calvaria defects, and bone formation was evaluated by microtomography and histological analysis. Data were compared by Kruskal–Wallis or analysis of variance (5%). The expression of bone markers confirmed that at‐MSCs differentiate less than bone marrow MSCs. In silenced cells, the expression of Alp, Runx2, and Opn was generally higher compared to Control. ALP, RUNX2, and OPN were expressed at elevated levels in silenced groups, most notably at‐MSCs‐siR1/R2. ALP was detected at high levels in at‐MSCs‐siR1/R2 and in‐MSCs‐siR1, followed by an increase in mineralized nodules in at‐MSCs‐siR1/R2. As the morphometric parameters increased, the groups treated with KOR1/R2 exhibited slight bone formation near the edges of the defects. Endogenous TNF‐α inhibits osteoblast differentiation and activity in at‐MSCs, and its disruption increases bone formation. While opening a path of investigation, that may lead to the development of new treatments for bone regeneration using at‐MSC‐based therapies.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX retaliation claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2023

A student at the University of Pennsylvania was granted leaves of absence for medical reasons.
Review recent rulings involving Title IX and athletics
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2023

An overview of the key topics faced by campus administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Physical activity maintenance among young adult cancer survivors in an mHealth intervention: Twelve‐month outcomes from the IMPACT randomized controlled trial
Authors: Valle Carmina G. , Diamond Molly A. , Heiling Hillary M. , Deal Allison M. , Hales Derek P. , Nezami Brooke T. , LaRose Jessica Gokee , Rini Christine M. , Pinto Bernardine M. , Tate Deborah F.
Published: June 2023

Background

Most physical activity (PA) interventions in young adult cancer survivors (YACS) have focused on short‐term outcomes without evaluating longer‐term outcomes and PA maintenance. This study examined the effects of an mHealth PA intervention at 12 months, after 6 months of tapered contacts, relative to a self‐help group among 280 YACS.

Methods

YACS participated in a 12‐month randomized trial that compared self‐help and intervention groups. All participants received an activity tracker, smart scale, individual videochat session, and access to a condition‐specific Facebook group. Intervention participants also received lessons, tailored feedback, adaptive goal setting, text messages, and Facebook prompts for 6 months, followed by tapered contacts. Accelerometer‐measured and self‐reported PA (total [primary outcome], moderate‐to‐vigorous [MVPA], light, steps, sedentary behaviors) were collected at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Generalized estimating equation analyses evaluated group effects on outcomes from baseline to 12 months.

Results

From baseline to 12 months, there were no between‐ or within‐group differences in accelerometer‐measured total PA min/week, while increases in self‐reported total PA were greater in the intervention versus self‐help group (mean difference = +55.8 min/week [95% CI, 6.0–105.6], p = 0.028). Over 12 months, both groups increased accelerometer‐measured MVPA (intervention: +22.5 min/week [95% CI, 8.8–36.2] vs. self‐help: +13.9 min/week [95% CI, 3.0–24.9]; p = 0.34), with no between‐group differences. Both groups maintained accelerometer‐measured and self‐reported PA (total, MVPA) from 6 to 12 months. At 12 months, more intervention participants reported meeting national PA guidelines than self‐help participants (47.9% vs. 33.1%, RR = 1.45, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

The intervention was not more effective than the self‐help group at increasing accelerometer‐measured total PA over 12 months. Both groups maintained PA from 6 to 12 months. Digital approaches have potential for promoting sustained PA participation in YACS, but additional research is needed to identify what strategies work for whom, and under what conditions.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel L‐Menthol Hydrazide Derivatives as Potential Laccase Inhibitors
Authors: Qiu Yi‐Gui , Yang Zi‐Hui , Sun Xue‐Bao , Jin Dao‐Jun , Zheng Yi‐Ming , Li Jia , Gu Wen
Published: June 2023

To discover novel laccase inhibitors as potential fungicides, twenty‐six novel L‐menthol hydrazide derivatives were designed and synthesized. In the in vitro antifungal assay, most of the target compounds displayed pronounced antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium graminearum, and Botryosphaeria dothidea. Especially, the EC50 of compounds 3 b and 3 q against B. dothidea was 0.465 and 0.622 mg/L, which was close to the positive compound fluxapyroxad (EC50=0.322 mg/L). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that compound 3 b could significantly damage the mycelial morphology of B. dothidea. In vivo antifungal experiments on apple fruits showed that 3 b exhibited excellent protective and curative effects. Furthermore, in the in vitro laccase inhibition assay, 3 b showed outstanding inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 2.08 μM, which is much stronger than positive control cysteine and PMDD‐5Y. These results indicated that this class of L‐menthol derivatives could be promising leads for the discovery of laccase‐targeting fungicides.
HELLP syndrome complicated by ischemic colitis: A case report
Authors: Boustani Paria , Eslamian Laleh , Nurzadeh Maryam , Marsosi Vajiheh , Ghaemi Marjan
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

HELLP syndrome is a complicated disorder associated with many unknown complications, which ischemic colitis might be one of. Timely diagnosis and prompt management with multidisciplinary approach is the key for a favorable outcome.

HELLP syndrome is a triad of hemolysis (H), elevated liver enzymes (EL), and low platelet count (LP) which is considered a rare but serious pregnancy complication. HELLP syndrome is mainly associated with pre‐eclampsia, but can also occur individually. It may cause maternal and fetal mortality and some life‐threatening morbidity. The best management considered for HELLP syndrome is immediate delivery in most cases. We report a 32‐week pregnant woman with pre‐eclampsia who developed HELLP syndrome shortly after admission which led to a preterm cesarean section. Rectal bleeding and diarrhea started the day after delivery, and all the workups and imaging suggested ischemic colitis. She received intensive care and supportive management. The patient recovered and was discharged uneventfully. HELLP syndrome may be associated with many unknown complications, and ischemic colitis might be one of them. Timely diagnosis and prompt management with a multidisciplinary approach is the key to a favorable outcome.
Multiple uptake of 99mTc‐MDP in chest due to breast implant rupture in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Haibin , Chen Yao , Liu Xiaoji , Cai Min
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

A 57‐year‐old woman was diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma. 99mTc‐MDP bone scan showed multiple radioactivity concentrated lesions on bilateral chest wall, which were confirmed as calcification foci after breast implant rupture by SPECT/CT. SPECT/CT could be used for differential diagnosis of breast implant rupture and malignant lesions.
Empyema necessitans complicating a mild COVID‐19 infection in a young immunocompetent patient
Authors: Sullivan Sierra , Davalos Jesus , Sheikh Belaal , Abdelnabi Mahmoud
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

COVID‐19 infection can be complicated by secondary bacterial infections including pneumonia and empyema resulting in worse outcomes. Empyema management includes empirical antibiotic therapy and drainage with a favorable prognosis in most cases.

Empyema necessitans is a rare complication of poorly or uncontrolled empyema thoracis resulting in the dissection of pus through the soft tissues and skin of the chest wall resulting in a fistula between the pleural cavity and the skin. Previous reports indicate that secondary bacterial pneumonia can complicate the course of a COVID‐19 infection even in immunocompetent patients resulting in worse outcomes. Management of empyema includes empirical antibiotic therapy and drainage with a favorable prognosis in most cases.
Shape Transformation via Etching and Regrowth: A Systematic Study of Pd Nanocrystals with Different Shapes and Twin Structures
Authors: Lv Tian , Liu Maochang , Zhou Siyu , Xia Younan
Published: June 2023

This article describes a systematic study of the oxidative etching and regrowth behaviors of Pd nanocrystals, including single‐crystal cubes bounded by {100} facets, single‐crystal octahedra and tetrahedra enclosed by {111} facets; and multiple‐twinned icosahedra covered by {111} facets and twin boundaries. During etching, Pd atoms are preferentially oxidized and removed from the corners regardless of the type of nanocrystal, and the resultant Pd2+ ions are then reduced back to elemental Pd. For cubes and icosahedra, the newly formed Pd atoms are deposited on the {100} facets and twin boundaries, respectively, due to their relatively higher energies. For octahedra and tetrahedra, the Pd atoms self‐nucleate in the solution phase, followed by their growth into small particles. We can control the regrowth rate relative to etching rate by varying the concentration of HCl in the reaction solution. As the concentration of HCl is increased, 18‐nm Pd cubes are transformed into octahedra of 23, 18, and 13 nm, respectively, in edge length. Due to the absence of regrowth, however, Pd octahedra are transformed into truncated octahedra, cuboctahedra, and spheres with decreasing sizes whereas Pd tetrahedra evolve into truncated tetrahedra and spheres. In contrast, Pd icosahedra with twin boundaries on the surface are converted to asymmetric icosahedra, flower‐like icosahedra, and spheres. This work not only advances the understanding of etching and growth behaviors of metal nanocrystals with various shapes and twin structures but also offers an alternative method for controlling their shape and size.
Multi‐Functional Supramolecular‐Polymeric Hybrid Hydrogel for Promoting Cutaneous Wound Repair†
Authors: Wei Qingcong , Jia Liyang , Wang Yuke , Zhang Weiwei , Hu Zhiguo , Wang Qigang , Wu Qing
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Supramolecular‐polymeric hybrid hydrogels combining advantages of the assembled supramolecular networks and polymeric networks have attracted considerable attention recently. However, they are rarely used as multi‐functional wound dressing materials. In this work, we report a supramolecular‐polymeric hybrid hydrogel consisting of a co‐assembled DBS‐COOH/Naproxen network (DBS/NAP) and a polymeric gelatin (G)/quaternary ammonium group (Q) and phenylboronic acid groups (PBA)‐grafted chitosan (QCS‐PBA) network (G/QCS) for accelerating skin wound healing. The polymeric networks could obviously enhance the mechanical properties of the drug‐derived supramolecular networks. Q groups endowed the hydrogel with enhanced antibacterial properties. Borate ester crosslinking between PBA groups and diol groups in DBS‐COOH could effectively scavenge reactive radicals. The hybrid hydrogel exhibited tunable mechanical and adhesive properties due to the temperature‐responsive gelatin networks. NAP could gradually release from hybrid hydrogel networks thus continuously relieving inflammation. Finally, the biocompatible, adhesive, antibacterial and antioxidant hybrid G/QCS‐DBS/NAP gel could promote the in vivo healing stages in a full‐thickness wounds with increased collagen deposition, upregulated CD31 expression and down‐regulated TNF‐α expression. Overall, this multi‐functional supramolecular‐polymeric hybrid hydrogel exhibited great potential for treating skin defects as promising wound dressing materials.
Stacking‐order Reversed Multilayers of ZIF‐8 and Silver Nanoparticles for the SERS Detection of Organic Dye Species
Authors: La Ngoc Tran Nguyen , Nguyen Thuy‐An , Le Hoang Doan Tan , Nguyen Hanh‐Vy Tran , Huong Vu Thi , Tran Thi Thanh Van , Ju Heongkyu , Huy Tran Huu , Le Hieu Van , Tran Nhu Hoa Thi
Published: June 2023

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)‐active generally using include nanosized noble metals, semiconductors, or their combination, all of which are mostly subject to challenges such as difficulty in controlling fabrication processes, chemical stability of sensor substrates, reproducibility of amplified Raman signals. To address these concerns, novel SERS substrates were produced by combining zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and Ag nanoparticles into stacked layers where the ZIF‐8 acted as “trap nets” of the reporter molecules (organic toxins, rhodamine B, methylene blue and crystal violet). Two different multilayers on a glass slide generated by reversing the stacking order, i. e., Ag/ZIF‐8/glass and ZIF‐8/Ag/glass produced different SERS results. The ZIF‐8/Ag/glass multilayer demonstrated a higher enhancement factor (∼1013), the lower limit of detection (∼10−14 M) of rhodamine B, with a relative standard deviation of 4.2% for crystal violet, which was 10 times greater than the former arrangement. The sensitivity of the SERS substrates via exposure to low concentrations of organic dyes species was measured. Structural, surface morphology and optical features of the substrates were further examined. This result can pave the way for the development of metal‐organic framework‐based SERS platform and provide new insights into its application for label‐free sensors in biomedical diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
Quantitative Low‐Field 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Carbonyl Groups in Pyrolysis Oils
Authors: Tang Bridget , Chong Katie , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Evans Robert
Published: June 2023

Pyrolysis bio‐oils, one of the products of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis, have the potential to be widely used as fuels. The chemical composition of bio‐oils is very complicated as they contain hundreds, if not thousands, of different, mostly oxygen‐containing, compounds with a wide distribution of physical properties, chemical structures, and concentrations. Detailed knowledge of bio‐oil composition is crucial for optimizing both the pyrolysis processes and for any subsequent upgrading into a more viable fuel resource. Here we report the successful use of low‐field, or benchtop, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers in the analysis of pyrolysis oils. Pyrolysis oils from four different feedstocks were derivatized and analyzed using 19F NMR techniques. The NMR results compare favorably with titrations for total carbonyl content. In addition, the benchtop NMR spectrometer proves able to reveal key spectral features, thus allowing the quantification of different carbonyl groups, such as aldehydes, ketones and quinones. Benchtop NMR spectrometers are typically compact, cheaper than their superconducting counterparts and do not require cryogens. Their use will make NMR analysis of pyrolysis oils easier and more accessible to a wide range of different potential users.
Bimetallic RuNi Electrocatalyst Coated MWCNTs Cathode for an Efficient and Stable Li−CO2 and Li−CO2 Mars Batteries Performance with Low Overpotential
Authors: Naik Keerti M. , Chourasia Ankit Kumar , Shavez Mohd , Sharma Chandra S.
Published: June 2023

Rechargeable lithium‐CO2 (Li−CO2) batteries are an attractive energy storage technology that can reduce fossil fuel usage and limit the adverse environmental impact of CO2 emissions. However, the high charge overpotential, unstable cycling, and incomplete understanding of the electrochemical process limit its advancement for practical applications. Herein, we develop a Li−CO2 battery by designing a bimetallic ruthenium‐nickel catalyst onto multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (RuNi/MWCNTs) catalyst as cathode by solvothermal method, which exhibits a lower overpotential of 1.15 V and a discharge capacity of 15,165 mAh g−1 with outstanding coulombic efficiency of 97.4 %. The battery can also operate at high rates and have a stable cycle of more than 80 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1 with a fixed 500 mAh g−1 capacity. Furthermore, Mars exploration is made feasible with the Li−CO2 Mars battery composed of the RuNi/MWCNTs as cathode catalyst, which performs very similarly to that of pure CO2 atmosphere. This approach may simplify the process of developing high‐performance Li−CO2 batteries to achieve carbon negativity on Earth and for future interplanetary Mars missions.
Eating disorder psychopathology, psychiatric impairment, and symptom frequency of atypical anorexia nervosa versus anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Johnson‐Munguia Sarah , Negi Sonakshi , Chen Yiyang , Thomeczek Marianna L. , Forbush Kelsie T.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Restrictive eating disorders (EDs) occur across the weight spectrum, but historically more focus has been given to anorexia nervosa (AN) than atypical anorexia nervosa (atypAN). AtypAN's relegation to a diagnosis in the “other specified feeding and eating disorder” (OSFED) category and paucity of research surrounding atypAN invariably implies a less clinically severe ED. However, a growing body of research has begun to question the assumption that atypAN is less severe than AN. The current review and meta‐analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive review to compare atypAN and AN on measures of eating disorder psychopathology, impairment, and symptom frequency to test whether atypAN is truly less clinically severe than AN.

Methods

Twenty articles that reported on atypAN and AN for at least one of the variables of interest were retrieved from PsycInfo, PubMed, and ProQuest.

Results

For eating‐disorder psychopathology, results indicated that differences were nonsignificant for most indicators; however, atypAN was associated with significantly higher shape concern, weight concern, drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and overall eating‐disorder psychopathology than AN. Results indicated that atypAN and AN did not significantly differ on clinical impairment or the frequency of inappropriate compensatory behaviors, whereas there was a significantly higher frequency of objective binge episodes in AN (vs. atypAN).

Discussion

Overall, findings indicated that, in contrast to the current classification system, atypAN and AN were not clinically distinct. Results underscore the need for equal access to treatment and equal insurance coverage for restrictive EDs across the weight spectrum.

Public Significance

The current meta‐analysis found that atypAN was associated with higher drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, shape concern, weight concern, and overall eating‐disorder psychopathology than AN; whereas AN was associated with higher frequency of objective binge eating. Individuals with AN and atypAN did not differ on psychiatric impairment, quality‐of‐life, or frequency of compensatory behaviors, highlighting the need for equal access to care for restrictive EDs across the weight spectrum.
Sex‐dependent clinical presentation, body image, and endocrine status in long‐term remitted anorexia nervosa
Authors: Schloesser Louisa , Lotter Leon D. , Offermann Jan , Borucki Katrin , Biemann Ronald , Seitz Jochen , Konrad Kerstin , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate
Published: June 2023

Objective

Although anorexia nervosa (AN) in males has recently gained attention, knowledge of its psychological and physiological outcomes is still scarce. We explore sex‐specific characteristics of long‐term remitted AN with respect to residual eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, body image, and endocrinology.

Method

We recruited 33 patients with AN in remission for at least 18 months (24 women, 9 men) and 36 matched healthy controls (HCs). Eating disorder psychopathology and body image ideals were assessed via clinical interviews, questionnaires, and an interactive 3D body morphing tool. Plasma levels of leptin, free triiodothyronine, cortisol, and sex hormones were quantified. Univariate models controlled for age and weight were used to test for the effects of diagnosis and sex.

Results

Both patient groups showed residual ED psychopathology but normal weight and hormone levels relative to HCs. Male remitted patients demonstrated significantly stronger muscularity‐focused body image ideals, evident in interviews, self‐reports, and behavioural data, than both female patients and HCs.

Conclusions

Sex‐specific body image characteristics in patients with remitted AN point towards the need to adjust test instruments and diagnostic criteria to male‐specific psychopathology. In the future, sufficiently powered studies should evaluate the risk of men with AN developing muscle dysmorphia in the long term.