bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulverized quartz clasts in gouge of the Alhama de Murcia fault (Spain): Evidence for coseismic clast pulverization in a matrix deformed by frictional sliding
Authors: Rodríguez-Escudero Emilio , Martínez-Díaz José J. , Giner-Robles Jorge L. , Tsige Meaza , Cuevas-Rodríguez Jaime
Published: January 2020

The fault gouge of the Alhama de Murcia fault (southeast Spain) shows a texture that resembles a mylonite, including a prominent foliation, S-C fabric, and isoclinal folds. It also embeds a large number of isolated pulverized quartz clasts (PQCs). Structural analysis indicates that the gouge fabric was mainly developed by slow frictional sliding along phyllosilicate-lined Riedel shear bands during continued shearing. In contrast, the PQCs show tensile fracture network features that are typically reported in seismically pulverized rocks found along seismogenic faults. This suggests that quartz-clast pulverization was due to a transient dilatational mechanism rather than shearing. We propose that the PQCs are the result of a rapid confined stress drop related to transient tensile stresses during coseismic ruptures that interrupt creep faulting along the gouge zone. The present study suggests that there is probably a large amount of evidence for paleoseismicity in fault rocks that is currently overlooked.
Nutritional rickets under 16 years: UK surveillance results
Authors: Julies Priscilla , Lynn Richard M , Pall Karina , Leoni Marina , Calder Alistair , Mughal Zulf , Shaw Nick , McDonnell Ciara , McDevitt Helen , Blair Mitch
Published: January 2020

Objective

The UK national incidence of nutritional rickets is unknown. We aimed to describe the incidence, presentation and clinical management of children under 16 years with nutritional rickets in the UK presenting to secondary care.

Methods

Prospective data were collected monthly between March 2015 and March 2017 from 3500 consultant paediatricians using British Paediatric Surveillance Unit methodology. Clinicians completed online clinical questionnaires for cases fitting the surveillance case definition.

Results

125 cases met the case definition, an annual incidence of 0.48 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.62) per 100 000 children under 16 years. 116 children were under 5 years (annual incidence of 1.39 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.81) per 100 000. Boys (70%) were significantly more affected than girls (30%) (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.78). The majority were of Black (43%) or South Asian (38%) ethnicity. 77.6% of children were not taking vitamin D supplements despite being eligible. Complications included delayed gross motor development (26.4%), fractures (9.6%), hypocalcaemic seizures (8%) and dilated cardiomyopathy (3%). Two children died (1.6%). In eight cases, rickets was confirmed radiologically and biochemically [raised serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels ] but were excluded from the incidence analysis for not meeting the case definition of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of <25 nmol/L.

Conclusion

The incidence of nutritional rickets in the UK is lower than expected. Serious complications and unexpected deaths, particularly in Black and South Asian children under 5 years, occurred. Both vitamin D deficiency and dietary calcium deficiency are role players in pathogenesis. Uptake of vitamin D supplementation remains low.
Rare case of bilateral wrist and foot drop from SLE-related vasculitic polyneuropathy
Authors: Sodavarapu Soujanya , Rudrangi Rajani , Hoffman Jeffrey
Published: January 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous, chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease characterised by multiorgan involvement and the production of multiple autoantibodies. Neurological manifestations in SLE patients are frequently reported—the prevalence is 37%–90%. We present a unique case where the patient presented with bilateral wrist and foot drop for 4 days, which later led to the diagnosis of SLE-related vasculitic polyneuropathy. During the course of treatment, the patient received prednisone, rituximab and hydroxychloroquine. At 6-month follow-up, patient had reported significant improvement in her weakness with increased mobility in upper and lower extremities. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are necessary in these cases to prevent disease progression and morbidity.
Epidemiology of invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Canada during 1992–2010
Authors: Darwich Rami , Ghazawi Feras M , Le Michelle , Rahme Elham , Alghazawi Nebras , Zubarev Andrei , Moreau Linda , Sasseville Denis , Burnier Miguel N , Litvinov Ivan V
Published: January 2020

Background

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common non-pigmented ocular surface malignancy. It is classified as invasive OSNN (IOSSN) when the underlying stroma are infiltrated by dysplastic squamous epithelial cells through the basement membrane. Here, we present the descriptive epidemiology and geographical distribution of IOSSN in Canada.

Methods

We determined the incidence and geographical distribution of IOSSN cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2010 using two independent population-based cancer registries: the Canadian Cancer Registry and Le Registre Québécois du Cancer.

Results

The mean annual age-standardised incidence rate (WHO 2000–2025) of IOSSN for 1992–2010 was 0.45 cases per million individuals per year with an average annual percent increase in incidence of 4.5%. IOSSN localisation to the conjunctiva was documented in at least 57% of the reported cases. IOSSN exhibited a male predilection ratio of 3.3:1.0 with a mean age at diagnosis of 69 years. Incidence rates of IOSSN across Canadian provinces and cities showed no significant differences from the crude national average.

Conclusions

Our results, particularly concerning IOSSN patient age and male predilection, corroborate with data reported from the USA. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the observed increase in incidence rate over the study period (1992–2010) is significant.
Diagnostic performance of modern imaging instruments in glaucoma screening
Authors: Karvonen Elina , Stoor Katri , Luodonpää Marja , Hägg Pasi , Lintonen Timo , Liinamaa Johanna , Tuulonen Anja , Saarela Ville
Published: January 2020

Aim

To evaluate the applicability of imaging devices (spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus SD-OCT), scanning laser polarimetry (GDx) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph, HRT3)) for glaucoma screening in a middle-aged unselected population.

Methods

Participants of the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort Eye Study, aged 45 to 49 years, underwent a comprehensive eye examination including modern imaging with five methods (retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell layer +inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) analysis and their combination with SD-OCT, GDx and HRT). The performance of the automated classification of the imaging devices was assessed using a clinical glaucoma diagnosis as reference, that is, the ‘2 out of 3’ rule based on the evaluation of optic nerve head and RNFL photographs and visual fields.

Results

We examined 6060 eyes of 3039 subjects; in the clinical evaluation, glaucomatous damage was found in 33 subjects (1.1%) in 43 eyes. The following sensitivities were obtained; RNFL analysis (53%), GCIPL analysis (50%), OCT combination analysis (61%), GDx (56%) and HRT (31%) with corresponding specificities of 95%, 92%, 90%, 88% and 96%. The area under the curve values were 0.76, 0.73, 0.75, 0.75 and 0.73, respectively. Post-test probabilities of glaucoma after positive imaging finding with each of these methods in this unselected population were 11%, 7%, 6%, 5% and 7%, respectively.

Conclusion

Screening capabilities of the OCT, GDx and HRT were rather similar. The accuracy of all evaluated parameters was only moderate and thus screening with these parameters alone is not reliable.
System accuracy evaluation of 18 CE-marked current-generation blood glucose monitoring systems based on EN ISO 15197:2015
Authors: Pleus Stefan , Baumstark Annette , Jendrike Nina , Mende Jochen , Link Manuela , Zschornack Eva , Haug Cornelia , Freckmann Guido
Published: January 2020

Objective

Accuracy of 18 current-generation blood glucose monitoring systems (BGMS) available in Europe was evaluated applying criteria adapted from EN ISO 15197:2015 with one reagent system lot. BGMS were selected based on market research data.

Research design and methods

The BGMS ABRA, Accu-Chek Guide, AURUM, CareSens Dual, CERA-CHEK 1CODE, ContourNext One, eBsensor, FreeStyle Freedom Lite, GL50 evo, GlucoCheck GOLD, GlucoMen areo 2K, GluNEO, MyStar DoseCoach, OneTouch Verio Flex, Pic GlucoTest, Rightest GM700S, TRUEyou, and WaveSense JAZZ Wireless were tested using capillary blood from 100 different subjects and assessing the percentage of results within ±15 mg/dL (0.83 mmol/L) or 15% of comparison method results for BG concentrations below or above 100 mg/dL (5.55 mmol/L), respectively. In addition, the minimal deviation from comparison method results within which ≥95% of results of the respective BGMS were found was calculated.

Results

In total, 14 BGMS had ≥95% of results within ±15 mg/dL (0.83 mmol/L) or ±15% and 3 BGMS had ≥95% of results within ±10 mg/dL (0.55 mmol/L) or ±10% of the results obtained with the comparison method. The smallest deviation from comparison method results within which ≥95% of results were found was ±7.7 mg/dL (0.43 mmol/L) or ±7.7%; the highest deviation was ±19.7 mg/dL (1.09 mmol/L) or ±19.7%.

Conclusions

This accuracy evaluation shows that not all CE-labeled BGMS fulfill accuracy requirements of ISO 15197 reliably and that there is considerable variation even among BGMS fulfilling these criteria. This safety-related information should be taken into account by patients and healthcare professionals when making therapy decisions.

Trial registration number

NCT03737188.
Enhanced recovery following hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review of cost-effectiveness evidence
Authors: Pritchard Mark G , Murphy Jacqueline , Cheng Lok , Janarthanan Roshni , Judge Andrew , Leal Jose
Published: January 2020

Objectives

To assess cost-effectiveness of enhanced recovery pathways following total hip and knee arthroplasties. Secondary objectives were to report on quality of studies and identify research gaps for future work.

Design

Systematic review of cost–utility analyses.

Data sources

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the National Health Service Economic Evaluations Database and EconLit, January 2000 to August 2019.

Eligibility criteria

English-language peer-reviewed cost–utility analyses of enhanced recovery pathways, or components of one, compared with usual care, in patients having total hip or knee arthroplasties for osteoarthritis.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data extracted by three reviewers with disagreements resolved by a fourth. Study quality assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria list, the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research and Assessment of the Validation Status of Health-Economic decision models tools; for trial-based studies the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool to assess risk of bias. No quantitative synthesis was undertaken.

Results

We identified 17 studies: five trial-based and 12 model-based studies. Two analyses evaluated entire enhanced recovery pathways and reported them to be cost-effective compared with usual care. Ten pathway components were more effective and cost-saving compared with usual care, three were cost-effective, and two were not cost-effective. We had concerns around risk of bias for all included studies, particularly regarding the short time horizon of the trials and lack of reporting of model validation.

Conclusions

Consistent results supported enhanced recovery pathways as a whole, prophylactic systemic antibiotics, antibiotic-impregnated cement and conventional ventilation for infection prevention. No other interventions were subject of more than one study. We found ample scope for future cost-effectiveness studies, particularly analyses of entire recovery pathways and comparison of incremental changes within pathways. A key limitation is that standard practices have changed over the period covered by the included studies.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42017059473.
Point-of-care blood tests during home visits by out-of-hours primary care clinicians; a mixed methods evaluation of a service improvement
Authors: Hayward Gail , Dixon Sharon , Garland Sophie , Glogowska Margaret , Hunt Helen , Lasserson Daniel
Published: January 2020

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate test usage and patient and clinician experience following the introduction of point-of-care (POC) blood tests into a primary care out-of-hours service.

Design

A mixed methods service evaluation comprising quantitative records of the clinical contexts of tests taken and qualitative interviews with clinicians. Research permissions and governance were obtained for patient interviews.

Setting

Out-of-hours primary care.

Participants

All patients requiring home visits from the service during the implementation period.

Interventions

The i-STAT POC blood test platform was introduced to two bases providing home visits for a period of 8 months. Venous blood samples were used and two cartridges were available. The CHEM8 cartridge measures sodium, potassium, chloride, total carbon dioxide (TCO2), anion gap, ionised calcium, glucose, urea, creatinine, haematocrit and haemoglobin. The CG4 cartridge measures lactate, pH, PaO2 and PCO2, TCO2, bicarbonate, base excess and oxygen saturation.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The proportion of home visits where tests were taken, the clinical contexts of those tests, the extent to which clinicians felt the tests had influenced their decisions, time taken to perform the test and problems encountered. Clinician and patient experiences of using POC tests.

Results

i-STAT POC tests were infrequently used, with successful tests taken at just 47 contacts over 8 months of implementation. The patients interviewed felt that testing had been beneficial for their care. Clinician interviews suggested barriers to POC tests, including practical challenges, concerns about time, doubt over whether they would improve clinical decision making and concern about increased medicolegal risk. Suggestions for improving adoption included sharing learning, adopting a whole team approach and developing protocols for usage.

Conclusions

POC tests were not successfully adopted by an out-of-hours home visiting service in Oxfordshire. While some clinicians felt they could not add value, in other cases they resulted in improved patient experience. Adoption could be promoted by improving technical, team and education factors.
Improving the quality of life of patients with breast cancer-related lymphoedema by lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA): study protocol of a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wolfs Joost , Beugels Jop , Kimman Merel , Piatkowski de Grzymala Andrzej A , Heuts Esther , Keuter Xavier , Tielemans Hanneke , Ulrich Dietmar , van der Hulst R , Qiu Shan Shan
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Early breast cancer detection and advancements in treatment options have resulted in an increase of breast cancer survivors. An increasing number of women are living with the long-term effects of breast cancer treatment, making the quality of survivorship an increasingly important goal. Breast cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL) is one of the most underestimated complications of breast cancer treatment with a reported incidence of 20%. A microsurgical technique called lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) might be a promising treatment modality for patients with BCRL. The main objective is to assess whether LVA is more effective than the current standard therapy (conservative treatment) in terms of improvement in quality of life and weather it is cost-effective.

Methods and analysis

A multicentre, randomised controlled trial, carried out in two academic and two community hospitals in the Netherlands. The study population includes 120 women over the age of 18 who have undergone treatment for breast cancer including axillary treatment (sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection) and/or axillary radiotherapy, presenting with an early stage lymphoedema of the arm, viable lymphatic vessels and received at least 3 months conservative treatment. Sixty participants will undergo the LVA operation and the other sixty will continue their regular conservative treatment, both with a follow-up of 24 months. The primary outcome is the health-related quality of life. Secondary outcomes are societal costs, quality adjusted life years, cost-effectiveness ratio, discontinuation rate of conservative treatment and excess limb volume.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Maastricht University Medical Center (METC) on 19 December 2018 (NL67059.068.18). The results of this study will be disseminated in presentations at academic conferences, publications in peer-reviewed journals and other news media.

Trial registration number

NCT02790021; Pre-results.
Recent measurements of the Casimir force: Comparison between experiment and theory
Authors: Klimchitskaya G. L. , Mostepanenko V. M.
Published: January 2020

We consider experiments on measuring the Casimir interaction which have been performed in the last four years. The emphasis is made on measuring differences in the Casimir pressures under a transition of the plate metal from normal to superconducting state and on the Casimir metrology platform using a commercial micromechanical sensor. In both cases several problems in the comparison between experiment and theory are discussed.
Nernst heat theorem for the Casimir-Polder interaction between a magnetizable atom and ferromagnetic dielectric plate
Authors: Korikov C. C. , Mostepanenko V. M.
Published: January 2020

We find the low-temperature behavior of the Casimir-Polder free energy for a polarizable and magnetizable atom interacting with a plate made of ferromagnetic dielectric material. It is shown that the corresponding Casimir-Polder entropy goes to zero with vanishing temperature, i.e., the Nernst heat theorem is satisfied, if the dc conductivity of the plate material is disregarded in calculations. If the dc conductivity is taken into account, the Nernst theorem is violated. These results are discussed in light of recent experiments.
Adhered cantilevers: A new method to measure dispersion forces between rough surfaces at short distances
Authors: Svetovoy Vitaly B. , Palasantzas George
Published: January 2020

Dispersion forces start to play an important role when the bodies are separated by the distances smaller than 100 nm. Such small gaps characterize modern nano- or microelectromechanical systems. Although the forces were reliably measured and compared to the theory in the range of 30–100 nm, severe problems appear at distances shorter than 30[Formula: see text]nm due to jump-to-contact instability. In this paper we propose a new measurement method, which does not suffer the short-distance instability. The method is based on the shape of an adhered cantilever that is sensitive to the forces acting near the adhered end. Two values are measured simultaneously: the dispersion pressure at minimal separation (close to contact) and the adhesion energy. Roughness of interacting surfaces plays a crucial role. We discuss possible realization of this experiment and propose the choice of optimal parameters.
LBNoC
Authors: Parane Khyamling , M Prabhu Prasad B , Talawar Basavaraj
Published: January 2020

An FPGA-based Network-on-Chip (NoC) using a low-latency router with a look-ahead bypass (LBNoC) is discussed in this article. The proposed design targets the optimized area with improved network performance. The techniques such as single-cycle router bypass, adaptive routing module, parallel Virtual Channel (VC), and Switch allocation, combined virtual cut through and wormhole switching, have been employed in the design of the LBNoC router. The LBNoC router is parameterizable with the network topology, traffic patterns, routing algorithms, buffer depth, buffer width, number of VCs, and I/O ports being configurable. A table-based routing algorithm has been employed to support the design of custom topologies. The input buffer modules of NoC router have been mapped on the FPGA Block RAM hard blocks to utilize resources efficiently. The LBNoC architecture consumes 4.5% and 27.1% fewer hardware resources than the ProNoC and CONNECT NoC architectures. The average packet latency of the LBNoC NoC architecture is 30% and 15% lower than the CONNECT and ProNoC architectures. The LBNoC architecture is 1.15× and 1.18× faster than the ProNoC and CONNECT NoC frameworks.
Foundations of Context-aware Preference Propagation
Authors: Ciaccia Paolo , Martinenghi Davide , Torlone Riccardo
Published: January 2020

Preferences are a fundamental ingredient in a variety of fields, ranging from economics to computer science, for deciding the best choices among possible alternatives. Contexts provide another important aspect to be considered in the selection of the best choices, since, very often, preferences are affected by context. In particular, the problem of
preference propagation
from more generic to more specific contexts naturally arises. Such a problem has only been addressed in a very limited way and always resorts to practical, ad hoc approaches. To fill this gap, in this article, we analyze preference propagation in a principled way and adopt an abstract context model without making any specific assumptions on how preferences are stated. Our framework only requires that the contexts form a partially ordered set and that preferences define a strict partial order on the objects of interest. We first formalize the basic properties that any propagation process should satisfy. We then introduce an algebraic model for preference propagation that relies on two abstract operators for combining preferences, and, under mild assumptions, we prove that the only possible interpretations for such operators are the well-known Pareto and Prioritized composition. We then study several propagation methods based on such operators and precisely characterize them in terms of the stated properties. We finally identify a method meeting all the requirements, on the basis of which we provide an efficient algorithm for preference propagation.
An Exact Closed-Form Impedance Model for Porous-Electrode Lithium-Ion Cells
Authors: Kong Xiangdong , Plett Gregory L. , Trimboli M. Scott , Zhang Zhendong , Zheng Yuejiu
Published: January 2020

Building a complete cell impedance model and quickly calculating its frequency response are essential for battery design, optimization, and online management. Based on the widely accepted pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model, we build a complete full-order partial-dierential-equation (PDE) model for porous-electrode lithium-ion cells that includes a configurable electrical double-layer model at the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI). With the help of a numeric method, cell impedance and frequency responses of the cell’s electrochemical variables at different locations inside the cell are obtained and analyzed. Moreover, in order to achieve the fast calculation of impedance and frequency responses, we derive transfer functions of the internal electrochemical variables, which give a set of exact closed-form equations for cell impedance and internal-variable frequency responses. The Nyquist plot results calculated by the closed-form equations are exactly consistent with the results of numeric simulations using the full-order model, which verifies the accuracy of the transfer functions and the effectiveness of the simplified method.
A Hybrid Grey Prediction Model for Small Oscillation Sequence Based on Information Decomposition
Authors: Zhou Meng , Zeng Bo , Zhou Wenhao
Published: January 2020

Grey prediction model has good performance in solving small data problem, and has been widely used in various research fields. However, when the data show oscillation characteristic, the effect of grey prediction model performs poor. To this end, a new method was proposed to solve the problem of modelling small data oscillation sequence with grey prediction model. Based on the idea of information decomposition, the new method employed grey prediction model to capture the trend characteristic of complex system, and ARMA model was applied to describe the random oscillation characteristic of the system. Crops disaster area in China was selected as a case study and the relevant historical eight-year data published by government department were substituted to the proposed model. The modelling results of the new model were compared with those of other traditional mainstream prediction models. The results showed that the new model had evidently superior performance. It indicated that the proposed model will contribute to solve small oscillation problems and have positive significance for improving the applicability of grey prediction model.
Data Analysis for Emotion Classification Based on Bio-Information in Self-Driving Vehicles
Authors: Kim Tae-Yeun , Ko Hoon , Kim Sung-Hwan
Published: January 2020

All persons in self-driving vehicle would like to receive each service. To do it, the system has to know the person’s state from emotion or stress, and to know the person’s state, it has to catch by analyzing the person’s bio-information. In this paper, we propose a system for inferring emotion using EEG, pulse, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) of user, and recommending color and music according to emotional state of user for a user service in self-driving vehicle. The proposed system is designed to classify the four emotional information (stability, relaxation, tension, and excitement) by using EEG data to infer and classify emotional state according to user’s stress. SVM algorithm was used to classify bio information according to stress index using brain wave data of the fuzzy control system, pulse, and blood pressure data. When 80% of data were learned according to the ratio of training data by using the SVM algorithm to classify the EEG, blood pressure, and pulse rate databased on the biometric emotion information, the highest performance of 86.1% was shown. The bio-information classification system based on the stress index proposed in this paper will help to study the interaction between human and computer (HCI) in the 4th Industrial Revolution by classifying emotional color and emotional sound according to the emotion of the user it is expected.
Evaluation and Treatment of Cardiac Tamponade in a Pregnant Patient
Authors: Romagano Matthew P. , Patel Krunal , Williams Shauna , Apuzzio Joseph J.
Published: January 2020

Cardiac tamponade is an uncommon but life-threatening emergency that may occur in pregnant women. There is a plethora of causes, but prompt diagnosis and intervention is imperative to optimize both maternal and fetal outcomes. We report on a case of a large pericardial effusion leading to cardiac tamponade occurring in the 32nd week of gestation in a previously healthy woman. Rapid recognition and a multidisciplinary team meeting resulted in a therapeutic pericardial window and drainage and relief of symptoms. The woman underwent an uncomplicated repeat cesarean delivery at term with a positive neonatal outcome. This case highlights the importance of a rapid diagnosis and a team-based approach to managing a complex medical condition like cardiac tamponade in pregnancy.
Quantitative Evaluation of Peripheral Arterial Blood Flow Using Peri‐Interventional Fluoroscopic Parameters: An In Vivo Study Evaluating Feasibility and Clinical Utility
Authors: Ghibes Patrick , Hefferman Gerald , Nikolaou Konstantin , Syha Roland , Artzner Christoph , Grosse Ulrich , Hoffmann Rüdiger , Grözinger Gerd
Published: January 2020

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various objective, quantitative, time‐resolved fluoroscopic imaging parameters for use in the peri‐interventional evaluation of stenotic peripheral arterial disease lesions. Material and Methods. Ten patients (median age, 64; age range, 52 to 79; 8 males, 2 females) with high‐grade stenoses of either the superficial femoral or popliteal arteries who underwent endovascular treatment were included. During each intervention, two series of intraprocedural fluoroscopic images were collected, one preintervention and one postintervention. For each imaging series, four regions of interest (ROIs) were defined within the vessel lumen, with two ROIs being proximal (ROIs 1 and 2) and two being distal (ROIs 3 and 4) to the stenosis. The time‐density curve (TDC) at each ROI was measured, and the resulting area under the curve (AUC), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and time‐to‐peak (TTP) were then calculated. Results. The analysis of the TDC‐derived parameters demonstrated significant differences between pre‐ and postinterventional flow rates in the ROI placed most distal to the stenosis, ROI 4. The AUC at ROI 4 (reported as a relative percentage of the AUC measured at ROI 1 proximal to the lesion) demonstrated a significant increase in the total flow (mean 67.84% vs. 128.68%, p = 0.003). A significant reduction in FWHM at ROI 4 (mean 2.93 s vs. 1.87 s, p = 0.015) was observed. A significant reduction in TTP at ROI 4 (2.43 s to 1.45 s, p = 0.009) was also observed. A positive change in at least 1 of the 3 calculated parameters was seen in all patients after a successful intervention, with 7 of 10 patients showing improvement in all 3 parameters, 2 of 10 showing improvement in 2 parameters, and 1 patient showing improvement in 1 parameter. Conclusion. AUC, FWHM, and TTP are objective, reproducible, quantifiable tools for the peri‐interventional fluoroscopic evaluation of vessel stenoses. When compared to the standard subjective interpretation of fluoroscopic imagery, AUC, FWHM, and TTP offer interventionalists the advantage of having an objective, complementary method of evaluating the success of a procedure, potentially allowing for more precisely targeted and quantitatively determined treatment goals and improved patient outcomes. This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee under the Number 372/2018BO2. The trial was registered at the German clinical trials register under the number DRKS00017813.
Der Einfluss von kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie auf biologische Risikofaktoren kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen bei der Major Depression: Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Euteneuer Frank , Neubert Marie , Salzmann Stefan , Unruh Irina , von Eitzen Linnea , Wilhelm Marcel
Published: January 2020

Depressive Störungen sind mit einem erhöhten Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen verbunden. Metaanalysen zeigen, dass auch bei Personen mit einer Major Depression ohne kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen biologische Risikofaktoren kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen vorliegen. Hierzu zählen insbesondere (i) autonome Dysregulationen, indiziert durch eine herabgesetzte Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) und (ii) erhöhte Blutkonzentrationen von an Entzündungsreaktionen beteiligten Immunmarkern (d.h. C-reaktives Protein, Interleukin (IL)-6 und Tumornekrosefaktor (TNF)-α). Obwohl diese biologischen Faktoren partiell durch behaviorale und kognitiv-affektive Prozesse beeinflussbar sind, werden sie in der Psychotherapieforschung wenig berücksichtigt. Im Rahmen dieser systematischen Übersichtsarbeit gehen wir der Frage nach, ob durch kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) Parameter des Immunsystems und die HRV bei Personen mit einer Major Depression positiv beeinflusst werden können. In Bezug auf die HRV wurden 2 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCTs) und eine quasi-randomisierte Studie extrahiert. Bezüglich der proinflammatorischen Immunmarker lagen 3 RCTs, eine nichtrandomisierte Studie und 2 Prä-Post-Studien vor. Zusammenfassend kann aufgrund der geringen Anzahl publizierter Studien und methodischer Einschränkungen nicht eindeutig geschlussfolgert werden, ob und unter welchen Umständen bei einer Major Depression im Rahmen der KVT mit einer Verbesserung der HRV oder des immunologischen Status zu rechnen ist. Bei unmedizierten Patientengruppen ergaben sich Hinweise auf positive immunologische Interventionseffekte in Form einer Reduktion von IL-6 und TNF-α. Empfehlungen für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten werden abgeleitet.
OBEDIS Core Variables Project: European Expert Guidelines on a Minimal Core Set of Variables to Include in Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials of Obesity Interventions
Authors: Alligier Maud , Barrès Romain , Blaak Ellen E. , Boirie Yves , Bouwman Jildau , Brunault Paul , Campbell Kristina , Clément Karine , Farooqi I. Sadaf , Farpour-Lambert Nathalie J. , Frühbeck Gema , Goossens Gijs H. , Hager Jorg , Halford Jason C.G. , Hauner Hans , Jacobi David , Julia Chantal , Langin Dominique , Natali Andrea , Neovius Martin , Oppert Jean Michel , Pagotto Uberto , Palmeira Antonio L. , Roche Helen , Rydén Mikael , Scheen André J. , Simon Chantal , Sorensen Thorkild I.A. , Tappy Luc , Yki-Järvinen Hannele , Ziegler Olivier , Laville Martine
Published: January 2020

Heterogeneity of interindividual and intraindividual responses to interventions is often observed in randomized, controlled trials for obesity. To address the global epidemic of obesity and move toward more personalized treatment regimens, the global research community must come together to identify factors that may drive these heterogeneous responses to interventions. This project, called OBEDIS (OBEsity Diverse Interventions Sharing – focusing on dietary and other interventions), provides a set of European guidelines for a minimal set of variables to include in future clinical trials on obesity, regardless of the specific endpoints. Broad adoption of these guidelines will enable researchers to harmonize and merge data from multiple intervention studies, allowing stratification of patients according to precise phenotyping criteria which are measured using standardized methods. In this way, studies across Europe may be pooled for better prediction of individuals’ responses to an intervention for obesity – ultimately leading to better patient care and improved obesity outcomes.
Liga de pediatria comunitária – o futuro médico trabalhando em equipe para promover a saúde de crianças carentes
Authors: Yamamoto Renato Minoru , Cianciarullo Andréa , Serra Henrique André , Vicente João Pedro , Primo Ednéia
Published: January 2020

A Seção de Assitência Comunitária do Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, desde 1996, desenvolve projeto de saúde comunitária numa fração na área de abrangência do Centro de Saúde Escola “Prof. Samuel B. Pessoa”, Favela Vila Nova Alba. A Liga de Pediatria Comunitária iniciou suas atividades neste local em 1998 com o objetivo de iniciar o alunbo da Graduação na compreensão no processo saúde-escola valorizando o papel das famílias e das condições reais de vida da criança sobre sua saúde, desenvolvendo atividades voltadas para a extensão de serviços a esta comunidade. Apresentamos as atividades desenvolvidas e resultados obtidos no período de 1999 a 2004.
Neutrophil-Derived S100A8/A9 Amplify Granulopoiesis After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sreejit Gopalkrishna , Abdel-Latif Ahmed , Athmanathan Baskaran , Annabathula Rahul , Dhyani Ashish , Noothi Sunil K. , Quaife-Ryan Gregory A. , Al-Sharea Annas , Pernes Gerard , Dragoljevic Dragana , Lal Hind , Schroder Kate , Hanaoka Beatriz Y. , Raman Chander , Grant Maria B. , Hudson James E. , Smyth Susan S. , Porrello Enzo R. , Murphy Andrew J. , Nagareddy Prabhakara R.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers myelopoiesis, resulting in heightened production of neutrophils. However, the mechanisms that sustain their production and recruitment to the injured heart are unclear.

Methods:

Using a mouse model of the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery and flow cytometry, we first characterized the temporal and spatial effects of MI on different myeloid cell types. We next performed global transcriptome analysis of different cardiac cell types within the infarct to identify the drivers of the acute inflammatory response and the underlying signaling pathways. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological strategies, we identified the sequelae of events that led to MI-induced myelopoiesis. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. The association of early indexes of neutrophilia with major adverse cardiovascular events was studied in a cohort of patients with acute MI.

Results:

Induction of MI results in rapid recruitment of neutrophils to the infarct, where they release specific alarmins, S100A8 and S100A9. These alarmins bind to the Toll-like receptor 4 and prime the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome in naïve neutrophils and promote interleukin-1β secretion. The released interleukin-1β interacts with its receptor (interleukin 1 receptor type 1) on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow and stimulates granulopoiesis in a cell-autonomous manner. Genetic or pharmacological strategies aimed at disruption of S100A8/A9 and their downstream signaling cascade suppress MI-induced granulopoiesis and improve cardiac function. Furthermore, in patients with acute coronary syndrome, higher neutrophil count on admission and after revascularization correlates positively with major adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes.

Conclusions:

Our study provides novel evidence for the primary role of neutrophil-derived alarmins (S100A8/A9) in dictating the nature of the ensuing inflammatory response after myocardial injury. Therapeutic strategies aimed at disruption of S100A8/A9 signaling or their downstream mediators (eg, nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome, interleukin-1β) in neutrophils suppress granulopoiesis and may improve cardiac function in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Composition is the Core Driver of the Language-selective Network
Authors: Mollica Francis , Siegelman Matthew , Diachek Evgeniia , Piantadosi Steven T. , Mineroff Zachary , Futrell Richard , Kean Hope , Qian Peng , Fedorenko Evelina
Published: January 2020

The frontotemporal language network responds robustly and selectively to sentences. But the features of linguistic input that drive this response and the computations that these language areas support remain debated. Two key features of sentences are typically confounded in natural linguistic input: words in sentences (a) are semantically and syntactically combinable into phrase- and clause-level meanings, and (b) occur in an order licensed by the language’s grammar. Inspired by recent psycholinguistic work establishing that language processing is robust to word order violations, we hypothesized that the core linguistic computation is composition, and, thus, can take place even when the word order violates the grammatical constraints of the language. This hypothesis predicts that a linguistic string should elicit a sentence-level response in the language network provided that the words in that string can enter into dependency relationships as in typical sentences. We tested this prediction across two fMRI experiments (total N = 47) by introducing a varying number of local word swaps into naturalistic sentences, leading to progressively less syntactically well-formed strings. Critically, local dependency relationships were preserved because combinable words remained close to each other. As predicted, word order degradation did not decrease the magnitude of the blood oxygen level–dependent response in the language network, except when combinable words were so far apart that composition among nearby words was highly unlikely. This finding demonstrates that composition is robust to word order violations, and that the language regions respond as strongly as they do to naturalistic linguistic input, providing that composition can take place.
The Intricate Interplay of Spatial Attention and Expectation: a Multisensory Perspective
Authors: Zuanazzi Arianna , Noppeney Uta
Published: January 2020

Attention (i.e., task relevance) and expectation (i.e., signal probability) are two critical top-down mechanisms guiding perceptual inference. Attention prioritizes processing of information that is relevant for observers’ current goals. Prior expectations encode the statistical structure of the environment. Research to date has mostly conflated spatial attention and expectation. Most notably, the Posner cueing paradigm manipulates spatial attention using probabilistic cues that indicate where the subsequent stimulus is likely to be presented. Only recently have studies attempted to dissociate the mechanisms of attention and expectation and characterized their interactive (i.e., synergistic) or additive influences on perception. In this review, we will first discuss methodological challenges that are involved in dissociating the mechanisms of attention and expectation. Second, we will review research that was designed to dissociate attention and expectation in the unisensory domain. Third, we will review the broad field of crossmodal endogenous and exogenous spatial attention that investigates the impact of attention across the senses. This raises the critical question of whether attention relies on amodal or modality-specific mechanisms. Fourth, we will discuss recent studies investigating the role of both spatial attention and expectation in multisensory perception, where the brain constructs a representation of the environment based on multiple sensory inputs. We conclude that spatial attention and expectation are closely intertwined in almost all circumstances of everyday life. Yet, despite their intimate relationship, attention and expectation rely on partly distinct neural mechanisms: while attentional resources are mainly shared across the senses, expectations can be formed in a modality-specific fashion.
Heizmannia rajagopalani n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kerala, India, a species previously misidentified as Hz. metallica (Leicester)
Authors: NATARAJAN R. , EAPEN ALEX , JAMBULINGAM P.
Published: January 2020

The original description of Heizmannia (Heizmannia) metallica (Leicester) from Malaysia, and specimens collected in India that were provisionally identified as Hz. metallica, were re-examined for their taxonomic status. Heizmannia metallica from Malaysia was found by Mattingly (1970) to be a junior synonym of Hz. indica (Theobald), whereas we found the specimens identified as Hz. metallica from India to differ distinctly from the holotype of Hz. metallica. We collected adults near Malabar Coast, Western Ghats which corresponded with Indian Hz. metallica sensu auctorum and here describe the previously misidentified species as Hz. (Hez.) rajagopalani n. sp. The adult male and female of the new species, and their genitalia, are described and illustrated.
Redescription of the tadpole of Leptodactylus flavopictus Lutz, 1926 (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Pilar do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: MARTINS RENATO AUGUSTO , BECKER C. GUILHERME , HADDAD CÉLIO FERNANDO BAPTISTA , PENDU YVONNICK LE , SOLÉ MIRCO , MIRA-MENDES CAIO VINICIUS DE
Published: January 2020

Frogs of the subfamily Leptodactylinae Werner can be found from southern Texas (USA) to southern Brazil, including the northern Antilles (Frost 2019). This subfamily is composed of 98 recognized species and the genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger contains the largest number of species (74 sp.) (Frost 2019). A study conducted by de Sá et al. (2014) provided a phylogeny of Leptodactylus based on molecular analysis, adult and larval morphology, and behavioral data. Currently, four species groups are recognized within this genus: L. fuscus group, L. pentadactylus group, L. latrans group, and L. melanonotus group (de Sá et al. 2014).
What Is “Authoritarian” About Authoritarian Capitalism? The Dual Erosion of the Private–Public Divide in State-Dominated Business Systems
Authors: Sallai Dorottya , Schnyder Gerhard
Published: January 2020

The “return of the state” as an economic actor has left scholars at a lack of theoretical tools to capture the characteristics of state-dominated business systems. This is reflected in the fact that any type of state intervention in the economy is too easily qualified as a sign of “authoritarian capitalism,” which has led scholars to lump together countries as diverse as China, Singapore, and Norway under that heading. Rather than considering any type of state intervention in the economy as authoritarian, we propose a more sophisticated conceptualization, which distinguishes two boundaries between the public and the private domains and conceives of the “return of the state” as the erosion of one or both of them. This conceptualization allows us to clearly distinguish a shift from an ideal-typical market-based “regulatory capitalism” to “state capitalism” or “authoritarian capitalism,” respectively. We use interview data with business leaders in an extreme case of the return of the state to identify the nature of the mechanisms by which an authoritarian government erodes these private-public divides. We argue that a focus on these constitutive mechanisms of the erosion of private-public divides allows us to define “authoritarian capitalism” in a way that makes it a useful tool to understand contexts beyond the Chinese case in which it first emerged.
Dewey’s Musical Allergy and the Philosophy of Music Education
Authors: Thibeault Matthew D.
Published: January 2020

This historical study explores John Dewey’s ideas regarding music and music education through primary sources (his published writings, correspondence, and transcriptions of class lectures) and secondary sources (biographies and related scholarly literature). Dewey’s belief that he was unmusical is presented, including via a consideration of his novel conception of rhythm absent musical examples. Despite this belief, this study posits a case for a musical Dewey. This is presented through examples in his work that, while scattered, demonstrate several themes: that music is rooted in ritual and social experience, that it is embodied with regard both to creation and perception, and that it has important connections to everyday life. Dewey’s dislike of jazz is interpreted as a resistance to commercialized and commoditized mass culture. The progressive music program at the University of Chicago’s Laboratory School that Dewey established exemplifies his commitment to music education, and new research connects that progressive program to Hull House and Jane Addams through the shared employment of music teacher Eleanor Smith. The discussion considers how Dewey’s musical ideas complement his painterly aesthetics and also calls for a resistance to unmusicality as a conception, instead turning toward music as innate to all humans.
Women’s land activism and gendered citizenship in the urbanising Pearl River Delta
Authors: Po Lanchih
Published: January 2020

In light of the unequal access to urban citizenship resulting from the household registration system ( hukou), an increasing number of scholarly works have pointed out how a system of citizenship stratification has emerged in urbanising China. However, this stratification has seldom been analysed in terms of gender. Rural women, situated at the bottom of the hierarchy of differentiated citizenship, often suffer gender-based discrimination and tumble still further down the hierarchy. Specifically, women are vulnerable to economic and social dispossession in the process of the displacement of rural populations and renegotiation of land rights. Owing to the custom of patrilocal residence, women who have ‘married out’ ( waijianü) have been excluded from rights, participation and entitlement to collective land property. By creating a class of rural female non-citizens, rural communities have deprived waijianü of opportunities to share land-related revenue realised in the process of urbanisation, further perpetuating male dominance just as local economies and society are in flux. Through a case study of these conflicts in Guangdong, this paper explores how women have challenged gendered citizenship in the process of urbanisation.