bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La costruzione dell’abitabilità in Val Bregaglia nel XX secolo
Authors: Ruinelli Armando
Published: August 2020

Both urbanized Alpine territories and cities share the need for a continuous renewalof spaces, and the theme of the regeneration of mountain areas is all the more topicaldue to the change in the ways of inhabiting such places. In order to play an activerole in these transformations, contemporary architecture should take into accountthe interpretation of both the landscape and the urban fabric. Among thearchitect’s analysis tools, comparison with the past plays a significant role, and especiallyin the Alpine valleys, where the circulation of ideas is sometimes slower or“overdue” compared to dynamic urban realities.The occasional presence of professionals coming from other locations, often fromcities, can be considered an opportunity to renew the local architectural culture;these architectures materialize perspectives “from an outside eye” and fresh interpretationsof places.In the Alpine valleys, tourism and the exploitation of water resources are twothemes often related to the presence of “infiltrations”: although Val Bregaglia is fairlyuntouched by tourism development, it provides some examples of holiday homesand bears the signs of large infrastructural interventions related to the exploitationof water resources.During the twentieth century, there were no resident architects in Val Bregaglia. Afterthe economic crisis of the years between the two world wars, design activitiessaw the intervention of architects such as Bruno Giacometti (Stampa, 1907-Zollikon,2012), Peppo Brivio (Lugano 1923-2016), Tita Carloni (Rovio 1931-Mendrisio2012) and Pierre Zoelly (Zurich 1923-2003).More recently, Miller & Maranta (Basel), H.J. Ruch (St. Moritz) and Lazzarini(Samedan) also carried out projects in this territory.
Valades ousitanes, architettura e rigenerazione
Authors: De Rossi Antonio , Mascino Laura
Published: August 2020

It hasn’t even been half a century since, in 1977, the famous book by Nuto Revelli entitled Il mondo dei vinti was published. A symbolic image, which summed up with powerful evocative efficacy the dramatic process of depopulation and dissolution of traditional Alpine societies during the twentieth century. A phenomenon that found its epicenter in the valleys of Carnia and in the south-east of France, and especially in the Piedmont’s valleys of the Cuneo area, with drop-out rates that will reach even 80-90% of the population. A little over forty years have passed by since Nuto Revelli’s book was published and since then a lot seemed to have changed.
Today many prestigious and successful tourist and winter centers are experiencing a growing crisis of image and public, while the once neglected Valades ousitanes live an unprecedented season, focused on enhancing the trinomial of natural, historical, and cultural heritage. Maira Valley, Ostana in the Po Valley, Paraloup and Rittana in the Stura Valley, the upper Varaita Valley, the phenomena of rebirth are affecting all the Occitan valleys, with interesting resettlement processes that have their engine in who are defined «the new mountaineers».
This renaissance of the Occitan valleys is accompanied by new forms of architecture that focus on the theme of the recovery and reuse of heritage, of dialectical confrontation with environmental and historical contexts, but without forgetting the contemporary and technological innovation.
Duplo, imagem e reino do simulacro: "William Wilson", de Edgar Allan Poe
Authors: Ferraz Maria Cristina Franco , Carvalho Louise Ferreira
Published: August 2020

Partindo do conto "William Wilson", de Edgar Allan Poe, o artigo explora o tema do Duplo e seus desdobramentos nos campos da subjetividade e da imagem no século XIX. A obsessão pelas sombras perversas no período moderno repercute certas incertezas instauradas no pensamento europeu, tais como a crise do modelo de identidade herdado do platonismo, a deformação da figura humana, a emergência da psicanálise. Evidencia, em suma, a força da ameaça à coesão do eu. Como eixo investigativo, busca-se relacionar o tema ao gesto antiplatônico e à filosofia antimetafísica, expressos nas leituras do simulacro e da máscara efetuadas por Deleuze e Nietzsche. Propõe-se explorar trechos do conto que ressaltam a potência do falso e colocam em suspeição certas heranças platônicas no Ocidente.
Brasil em Tempo de Cinema como método de análise fílmica de Jean-Claude Bernardet
Authors: Adamatti Margarida Maria
Published: August 2020

Escrito no auge do fenômeno do Cinema Novo, Brasil em Tempo de Cinema (1967) de Jean-Claude Bernardet foi a primeira obra de análise do movimento. Pioneiro na crítica à cultura do nacional popular, o livro tornou-se peça obrigatória para o debate dos realizadores e uma referência teórica de análise do cinema brasileiro para os críticos. O artigo avalia o método de análise fílmica desenvolvido por Bernardet a partir do diálogo com a sociologia das visões de mundo e com a crítica materialista para traçar um panorama da evolução desses conceitos na crítica dos anos setenta.
Modos de ver a violência na mídia entre adolescentes cearenses
Authors: Sampaio Inês
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem o propósito de discutir a relação de adolescentes com a violência presente na comunicação midiática, em especial a televisão. A análise é desenvolvida com base em uma pesquisa de caráter quali-quanti, que incluiu a aplicação de questionários a realização de grupos focais, com 60 estudantes do ensino fundamental nas cidades de Fortaleza, Quixadá e Aracati . Busca, nesta perspectiva, valorizar as leituras dos próprios adolescentes acerca desta problemática e compreender suas percepções acerca das possíveis implicações decorrentes do contato com este tipo de conteúdo.
Cinema in extremis: notas sobre um silêncio estridente em O homem urso
Authors: Carvalho da Silva Marcelo
Published: August 2020

O ambientalista Timothy Treadwell, protagonista do filme O homem urso (Grizzly man, 2005) de Werner Herzog, filia-se à galeria dos grandes personagens herzoguianos. Treadwell foi morto por um urso pardo no Alasca, no outono de 2003. O único vestígio dessa morte – tema latente do filme – é uma gravação em áudio realizada por acaso pela própria câmera de vídeo de Treadwell. O grande interesse da sequência onde esse áudio está inserido reside na maneira como Herzog o elide. Tal elisão suscita questões sobre os limites da imagem (Serge Daney e André Bazin) e a imagem-cristal deleuziana. Afinal, até onde uma imagem pode ir (questão ética) e como deve ser realizada (questão estética)?

Palavras-chave

O homem urso. Herzog. Treadwell. Elisão sonora. Imagem-cristal.
Media Revolution on 14th Street: Immigration, Vaudeville and the Nascence of Electronic Media in New York City at the Turn of the 20th Century
Authors: Albrecht Robert
Published: August 2020

O alicerce da indústria do entretenimento foi lançado pelo nascimento do vaudeville na Rua 14 na cidade de Nova York no início dos anos 1880. Criado, em grande medida, por imigrantes e seus filhos, o vaudeville dominou o show business nos Estados Unidos durante cinco décadas, dos anos 1880 aos anos 1930. Por meio

da integração de artistas, empresários e formas culturais imigrantes, o vaudeville criou uma síntese que foi muito necessária em uma época de imigração em massa e caos cultural. Com a rápida evolução das mídias eletrônicas durante o século XX – publicação musical, gravação sonora, rádio, cinema e televisão – o vaudeville ampliou sua influência multicultural ao tornar-se o modelo dominante para uma indústria do entretenimento em expansão.

Palavras-chave

Vaudeville. Tin Pan Alley. Imigração.
Eradicate Coronavirus by blocking replication, counteracting its defense system
Authors: Smith Kira
Published: August 2020

SIRT1 inhibitors can reduce replication of many viruses with certain similar characteristics to those of Coronaviruses, while p53 protein is another important factor in down-regulation of growth. There are some molecules that inhibit Sirtuin 1 and 2, in addition to activate p53 protein, by means of regulation of the interactions used by Coronaviruses as self-defense mechanism, degradating it. Even mTOR signal will be regulate, as well as autophagy will be inhibited, being this compound like a lysosomotropic agent. By blocking virus growth and continuous replication, associating the already tested Antiviral medicines, Covid-19 could be eradicated.
Knowledge on Uterine Prolapse and its Risk Factors among Married Women in Suklagandaki Municipality, Tanahun Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mishra Durga Khadka , Shrestha Saru
Published: August 2020

Correction: The page numbers were changed from 68-84 to 50-66 on 31/08/2020.

Abstract: Not available.
First record of the genus Gwurra Linnavuori, 1973 (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Caliscelidae) from Namibia
Authors: Gnezdilov V.M.
Published: August 2020

Gwurra aphrodite Linnavuori, 1973 is recorded for the first time from Namibia. This is second species of the family Caliscelidae known from Southwestern Africa.
Identification of Factors that Undermine the Teaching-Learning Process in the Subject of Physics at Secondary School Level
Authors: Khan Kifayat , Khan Munir , Rashid Abdur
Published: August 2020

Teaching of Physics involves theoretical as well as practical skills development of students at secondary school level. The main aim of the study was to identify the factors that undermine the teaching learning process in the subject of physics. All secondary school’s science teachers were considered as population of the study. Two hundred (200) science teachers (100 each male and female) were selected as sample of the study through stratified random sampling techniques. Data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire of reliability coefficient 0.84 and were analyzed using statistical tools. The unavailability of physics teachers, laboratory, classrooms, related books were concluded undermining factors. Lake of physics teachers, and unfavorable working environment were found dominant in male teachers’ school than female. The educational authorities with the collaboration of community can play their role to overcome these undermining factors in the subject Physics.
Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years after neuroendoscopic lavage in neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus
Authors: Behrens Philine , Tietze Anna , Walch Elisabeth , Bittigau Petra , Bührer Christoph , Schulz Matthias , Aigner Annette , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

A standardized guideline for treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infants is still missing. Because an early ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery is avoided due to low body weight and fragility of the patients, the neurosurgical treatment focuses on temporary solutions for CSF diversion as a minimally invasive approach. Neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) was additionally introduced for early elimination of intraventricular blood components to reduce possible subsequent complications such as shunt dependency, infection, and multiloculated hydrocephalus. The authors report their first experience regarding neurodevelopmental outcome after NEL in this patient cohort.

METHODS

In a single-center retrospective cohort study with 45 patients undergoing NEL, the authors measured neurocognitive development at 2 years with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Edition, Mental Developmental Index (BSID II MDI) and graded the ability to walk with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). They further recorded medication with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and quantified ventricular and brain volumes by using 3D MRI data sets.

RESULTS

Forty-four patients were alive at 2 years of age. Eight of 27 patients (30%) assessed revealed a fairly normal neurocognitive development (BSID II MDI ≥ 70), 28 of 36 patients (78%) were able to walk independently or with minimal aid (GMFCS 0–2), and 73% did not require AED treatment. Based on MR volume measurements, greater brain volume was positively correlated with BSID II MDI (rs = 0.52, 95% CI 0.08–0.79) and negatively with GMFCS (rs = −0.69, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.42). Based on Bayesian logistic regression, AED treatment, the presence of comorbidities, and also cerebellar pathology could be identified as relevant risk factors for both neurodevelopmental outcomes, increasing the odds more than 2-fold—but with limited precision in estimation.

CONCLUSIONS

Neuromotor outcome assessment after NEL is comparable to previously published drainage, irrigation, and fibrinolytic therapy (DRIFT) study results. A majority of NEL-treated patients showed independent mobility. Further validation of outcome measurements is warranted in an extended setup, as intended by the prospective international multicenter registry for treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (TROPHY).
Teaching non-equivalent vocabulary on the basis of interactive methods in the Russian as a foreign language lessons in a Chinese classroom
Authors: Jiaqi Li
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the problem of teaching non-equivalent vocabulary by interactive methods in lessons on Russian as a foreign language in the Chinese audience. The use of these methods in teaching non-equivalent vocabulary helps to form the communicative competence of Chinese students.
Departmental media in the information support system of the internal troops of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia in the late XX – early XXI century
Authors: Lebedev Alexander V.
Published: August 2020

The article defines the role and place of departmental mass media in the system of information support of internal troops the main power component of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in 1992–2016 in ensuring law and order and internal security of the state. Special attention is paid to the activity of periodical press of internal troops to inform soldiers who took part in counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasian region of Russia. The peculiarities of the activities of the departmental mass media of the Interior Troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs are studied by defining the main stages of their development, the most important thematic areas, revealing, in addition to information and educational functions of these publications, the specifics of military journalists’ work to collect material in hot spots. As a result of the study, data were obtained indicating that the departmental print media played an important role in the system of information support for the internal troops and contributed to the strengthening of the moral and psychological condition of military personnel and, as a result, to the successful performance of tasks of the internal troops to combat gangs in the North Caucasus. The results given in the article are based on the pieces of work of domestic researchers, regulatory legal acts of Russian legislation, as well as publications of departmental mass media, the author’s own practical experience as a correspondent of departmental mass media of the internal troops.
Foreign language communicative competence: problems, approaches, searches and solutions
Authors: Vasilieva Polina
Published: August 2020

The article discusses foreign language communicative competence of future teachers of foreign language and the problem of interconnection of foreign language communicative and professional competence of the future teacher of foreign languages. General language competences were considered and it was proved that foreign language communicative competence is what distinguishes a foreign languages teacher. The definition «foreign language communicative competence» and its content was analyzed. It was proved that foreign language communicative competence is an important component of communicative culture and an integral part of the preparation of modern specialists for further application of the acquired knowledge, skills and personal qualities in the foreign language environment, carrying out of interlingual, intercultural and interpersonal communication. It was clarified that the formation of the foreign language communicative competence is in such knowledge of the foreign language, which allows to use it to satisfy professional needs, to realize personal business contacts and further professional self-education and self-development. The definition analyses of the term «foreign language communicative competence» was carried out. The analysis of sources and recent publications of the subject has been carried out and the factors of forming of the foreign language communicative competence in practice were distinguished. Special attention was paid to the publications over the last twenty years. It was proved that foreign language communicative competence is an important and integral part of the professional competence of the teacher of foreign language. The goal of the formation of the foreign language communicative competence was specified. Different approaches to the definition of the foreign language communicative competence were researched three main approaches to the understanding of the notion of foreign language communicative competence were distinguished on the basis of the publications of the domestic researchers. Author's definition was proposed based on the theoretical analyses.
A survey on text classification and its applications
Authors: Zhou Xujuan , Gururajan Raj , Li Yuefeng , Venkataraman Revathi , Tao Xiaohui , Bargshady Ghazal , Barua Prabal D. , Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan Srinivas
Published: August 2020

Text classification (a.k.a text categorisation) is an effective and efficient technology for information organisation and management. With the explosion of information resources on the Web and corporate intranets continues to increase, it has being become more and more important and has attracted wide attention from many different research fields. In the literature, many feature selection methods and classification algorithms have been proposed. It also has important applications in the real world. However, the dramatic increase in the availability of massive text data from various sources is creating a number of issues and challenges for text classification such as scalability issues. The purpose of this report is to give an overview of existing text classification technologies for building more reliable text classification applications, to propose a research direction for addressing the challenging problems in text mining.
精准扶贫 促进城乡学前教育公平发展
Authors: 程 云
Published: August 2020

哈尔滨市幼儿师范附属幼儿园（以下简称师范附幼）作为哈尔滨市教育局直属单位，从2016年起在市教育局领导的带领下，为了进一步落实“脱贫攻坚”精神，做到教育脱贫，充分发挥优质特色示范幼儿园的示范引领作用，进一步提高黑龙江幼教整体教育教学质量，实现优质教育资源共享，促进乡镇幼儿教育均衡发展和教师的专业成长，师范附幼义不容辞、率先垂范，举全园之力发动教职工、家长、社会力量助力哈市教育系统打响了脱贫攻坚战。
О прогнозировании обстановки с пожарами, относящимися к ЧС техногенного характера, в Республике Беларусь: подходы и проблемы
Authors: Татур Михаил Михайлович , Иваницкий Александр Григорьевич , Проровский Вячеслав Михайлович
Published: August 2020

Цель. Определить состав основных факторов, влияющих на обстановку с пожарами в населенных пунктах, для прогнозирования их возникновения на территориях административно-территориальных единиц Республики Беларусь, оценить возможность использования результатов, полученных ранее другими исследователями.

Методы. Разведочный анализ, синтез, моделирование, системный подход, наблюдение, сравнение, измерение.

Результаты. Сформирована база основных исходных данных, проведен первоначальный разведочный анализ, проведена оценка возможности применения некоторых известных моделей прогноза.

Область применения исследований. Полученные результаты необходимы для решения задачи прогнозирования возникновения пожаров, вычисления величин пожарных рисков.
Об интегрировании дифференциальных уравнений неустановившегося постепенно изменяющегося движения потока в открытом русле в условиях высокогорья при прорыве плотины
Authors: Стриганова Марина Юрьевна , Шаталов Игорь Михайлович , Самедов Самедага Абзар , Щербакова Мария Константиновна , Недашковская Ирина Васильевна , Рабченя Виктория Сергеевна
Published: August 2020

Цель. Выбор научно-технически обоснованного метода интегрирования уравнений неустановившегося постепенно изменяющегося движения потока в открытом русле в условиях высокогорья при прорыве плотины.

Методы. Методы приближенного интегрирования дифференциальных уравнений.

Результаты. Предложено использование конечно-разностного метода интегрирования дифференциальных уравнений (метода характеристических уравнений С.А. Христиановича) для неустановившегося постепенно или плавно изменяющегося движения в условиях высокогорья при прорыве плотины.

Область применения исследований. Предложенное решение уравнений неустановившегося постепенно изменяющегося движения в условиях высокогорья при прорыве плотин можно использовать при решении практических задач по определению основных параметров волны перемещения и зон вредного воздействия на прилегающую к высокогорью территорию.
Análise multidisciplinar de uma pescaria proibida: estudo de caso da pesca do mero Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) no litoral paraense, Amazônia oriental
Authors: Pereira Luciano de Jesus Gomes , Fernandes Suélly Cristina Pereira , Gonçalves Flávio Flávio Miranda , Andrade Carlos Eduardo Rangel de , Bentes Bianca
Published: August 2020

O mero é uma espécie ameaçada que tem uma moratória instituída desde 2002, válida até 2023. Entretanto, as capturas são comuns em muitos portos amazônicos e, neste cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter informações dos pescadores paraenses sobre a eficiência e aplicabilidade da legislação vigente, no Estado do Pará e por meio de uma análise multidisciplinar (RAPFISH), caracterizar essas pescarias em seus aspectos econômicos, sociais, ecológicos, tecnológicos e de manejo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio entrevistas com formulários semiestruturados aplicados aos pescadores, mestres e donos de embarcações no período compreendido entre agosto de 2016 a março de 2017, nos municípios de Bragança, Curuçá e Viseu por meio da técnica “snowball”. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados em planilhas eletrônicas do Microsoft Office Excel. O total de 60 entrevistas foi concebido de modo a equalizar o número de pescadores em cada local estudado (20 por município). O uso da metodologia RAPFISH permitiu caracterizar e avaliar a pesca de Epinephelus itajara, sob cinco dimensões e em termos de sustentabilidade. No entanto, em nenhuma delas foi possível verificar quaisquer indicativos de manutenção desta pesca. A pesca do mero no litoral paraense é bastante comum, onde as fiscalizações, apreensões e punições são raras. Neste sentido, reitera-se a necessidade de um monitoramento mais expressivo no intuito de minimizar os efeitos deletérios desta prática nas populações naturais.
Importância das técnicas imunohematológicas no processo de hemotransfusão
Authors: Mota Lennara Pereira , Kirchesch Cryshna Letícia , Martins Solange Avylla Santos , Figueiredo Bruno Leonardo de Sousa , Souza Daiane Borges , Silva Esdras Andrade , Araújo Valéria Pereira Barbosa da Silva , Linhares Naine dos Santos , Figueira Paulo Henrique Alves , Silva Camila Maria Pinheiro de Mello e , Silva Josemária Chaves Sipauba , Fernandes Caroline França , Alves Ana Beatriz Damasceno , Araujo Andressa Fabianny de Sousa , Bálsamo Ana Cândida Martins , Mesquita Maxkson Messias de
Published: August 2020

A Terapia Transfusional resulta na transfusão de componentes específicos do sangue, dos quais o paciente necessita repor, opondo-se a utilização de sangue total. Este procedimento visa o beneficio de vários pacientes, e a otimização dos estoques dos bancos de sangue. A presença de anticorpos antieritrocitários no soro de pacientes podem ocasionar reações hemolíticas. É extremamente necessária a identificação desses anticorpos para a busca de hemocomponentes compatíveis e consequentemente a prevenção de reações transfusionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é de descrever a importância das técnicas imunohematológicas pré transfusionais no processo de transfusão de hemocomponentes. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo que se baseia na produção científica a partir de estudos já publicados. A decisão de transfundir um paciente deve considerar os riscos e benefícios e avaliar se há realmente necessidade de uma hemotransfusão. A avaliação ocorre através dos valores de hemoglobina (para transfusões de concentrado de hemácias) e valores de plaquetas (para transfusões de concentrado de plaquetas) e os aspectos clínicos do paciente. A introdução de testes laboratoriais e uma melhor triagem dos doadores reduziram significativamente as taxas de mortalidade e riscos de infecções relacionadas a este procedimento e as complicações mais frequentes atualmente são relacionadas a causas não infecciosas. Pacientes que realizam transfusões sanguíneas com frequência podem sensibilizar-se, produzindo aloanticorpos, devido à presença de antígenos antieritrocitários presentes nas bolsas de sangue transfundidas. Esses pacientes apresentam um risco maior no desenvolvimento de reações transfusionais, por isso, a importância das técnicas imunohematológicas pré transfusionais que tem como função principal rastrear a presença de anticorpos irregulares nos receptores e encontrar bolsas compatíveis para a hemotransfusão, diminuindo o risco de reações transfusionais e aumentando a segurança do paciente.
Acolhimento à pessoa com transtorno do espectro autista: um desafio para assistência de Enfermagem
Authors: Neves Keila do Carmo , Felix Daniel Pericles da Silva , Ribeiro Wanderson Alves , Fassarella Bruna Porath Azevedo , Silva Aramis Alves da
Published: August 2020

O acolhimento à pessoa com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) tem sido um desafio para as equipes de enfermagem, pois autismo é ainda um tema que demanda relevância. Este estudo tem por objetivos: identificar a importância da equipe de enfermagem diante do tratamento de uma pessoa com TEA, apresentar as características da pessoa com TEA que devem ser reconhecidas pela equipe de enfermagem e descrever como acontece a abordagem ao paciente com TEA. Trata-se de uma revisão literatura que trilhou as seguintes etapas: estabelecimento da hipótese e objetivos da revisão de literatura, estabelecimento de critérios de inclusão e exclusão de artigos. Foram selecionados no período de março de 2020.Foi estabelecido um recorte temporal de 5 anos, na intenção de mapear o processo de desenvolvimento de publicações mais recentes da temática no país, e utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados de pesquisa nacionais, utilizou-se a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS). A partir da verificação dos artigos, foi percebido que há pouca incidência de artigos voltados para assistência/cuidados de enfermagem há pessoa com TEA, e que a maioria dos artigos relata transtorno em si e suas característica, e não especificamente a assistência/cuidado necessário. Cabe ao enfermeiro, a competência de investimento em sua equipe de trabalho, numa educação continuada em relação às pessoas com TEA, demonstrando assim para família que a equipe sabe lidar com o seu parente com TEA, que estão entre nós e necessitando de um acolhimento efetivo.
COVID-19: A BALINESE VIEWPOINT
Authors: Juanamasta I Gede , Wati Ni Made Nopita , Widana Anak Agung Gde Oka
Published: August 2020

N/A
Application and Analysis of a Composite Sampling Strategy to Cost-Effectively Compare Nutritive Characteristics of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars in Field Trials
Authors: Leddin Clare , Giri Khageswor , Smith Kevin
Published: August 2020

Pasture nutritive value is economically important in south-eastern Australian dairy production systems, yet measurement of nutritive characteristics in pasture cultivar evaluation trials is not routinely undertaken, primarily due to cost. An approach aiming to reduce the total laboratory analysis costs in multi-harvest field trials by testing some entries as composite samples is provided. A field trial evaluating 31 trial entries sown in 4 replicates was used. On nine harvest occasions, samples were collected from each plot, dried, ground and analysed using near infrared spectroscopy for key nutritive characteristics (metabolisable energy (ME), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF)). Additionally, composite samples of 17 of the 31 entries from each harvest were created by combining sub-samples of material from each of four replicate plots into a single sample that was also analysed. A linear mixed model (LMM) analysis accounting for spatial and temporal variation as well as spatial and temporal correlations was conducted, comparing the full data model where all plots at all harvests were tested individually to a data model where some entries were evaluated as individual plots and others as composites. The precision and accuracy of the estimates for the two models were similar and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) means of the composite sampling strategy model were comparable to the full data model. It was concluded that if composite sampling is used in conjunction with testing samples from individual plots on a selection of cultivars, statistically valid inferences are possible and the total cost of determining the nutritive characteristics of perennial ryegrass cultivars in field trials can be reduced.
Discrepancy in Therapeutic and Prophylactic Antibiotic Prescribing in General Dentists and Maxillofacial Specialists in Australia
Authors: Chen Cheryl , Gilpin Nicole , Walsh Laurence
Published: August 2020

There are concerns that general dentists (GDs) and dental specialists may be prescribing antibiotics inappropriately. This study explored the prescribing habits and decision-making processes of GDs versus oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFSs). A case-based online questionnaire was used to examine the prescribing of therapeutic and prophylactic antibiotics in two clinical scenarios. Stratified and systematic sampling strategies were implemented to provide a representative sample. The final valid sample was 60 GDs and 18 OMFSs. The majority of OMFSs (61.1%) routinely prescribed antibiotics for the surgical removal of third molars, which was significantly greater than for GDs (23.5%). For implant placement procedures, 72.2% of OMFSs and 62.1% of GDs prescribed antibiotics. Amoxicillin was the most selected agent for both scenarios. All OMFSs would prescribe antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in both cases, but only 56.0–63.0% of GDs would do this. GDs based prescribing decisions primarily on information from prescribing guides, while OMFSs relied more on information gained from specialist training. Surgical prophylaxis protocols differed considerably between groups. Both groups used surgical prophylaxis for some situations that are outside current recommendations. Education with regards to discrepancies between clinical practice and current guidelines for antimicrobial therapy is needed to progress antimicrobial stewardship.
Image Analysis Using Human Body Geometry and Size Proportion Science for Action Classification
Authors: Muhammad Saqlain Syed , Ghani Anwar , Khan Imran , Ghayyur Shahbaz Ahmed Khan , Shamshirband  Shahaboddin , Nabipour Narjes , Shokri Manouchehr
Published: August 2020

Gestures are one of the basic modes of human communication and are usually used to represent different actions. Automatic recognition of these actions forms the basis for solving more complex problems like human behavior analysis, video surveillance, event detection, and sign language recognition, etc. Action recognition from images is a challenging task as the key information like temporal data, object trajectory, and optical flow are not available in still images. While measuring the size of different regions of the human body i.e., step size, arms span, length of the arm, forearm, and hand, etc., provides valuable clues for identification of the human actions. In this article, a framework for classification of the human actions is presented where humans are detected and localized through faster region-convolutional neural networks followed by morphological image processing techniques. Furthermore, geometric features from human blob are extracted and incorporated into the classification rules for the six human actions i.e., standing, walking, single-hand side wave, single-hand top wave, both hands side wave, and both hands top wave. The performance of the proposed technique has been evaluated using precision, recall, omission error, and commission error. The proposed technique has been comparatively analyzed in terms of overall accuracy with existing approaches showing that it performs well in contrast to its counterparts.
Investigation on the Influences of Hygrothermal Aging on the Indentation Size Effects and Micro-Indentation Measurements of PMMA. Part I: Experimental Results
Authors: Lin Hui , Lv Lin , Jin Tao
Published: August 2020

The polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) subjected to hygrothermal aging was applied to nanoindentation tests under different indentation strain rates. The influences of hygrothermal aging on the indentation behaviors of PMMA are discussed. Results show that the indentation elastic modulus and hardness decrease with increasing aging time. Furthermore, the indentation size effects (ISE) can be observed in aged PMMA specimens as they are sensitive to aging time as well as to the indentation strain rate. The quantitative analysis of ISE is proposed on the basis of shear transformation-mediated plasticity and was presented in our companion paper.
Immune-Enhancing Effects of Red Platycodon grandiflorus Root Extract via p38 MAPK-Mediated NF-κB Activation
Authors: Park Eun-Jung , Lee You-Suk , Kim Sung Min , Jung Ah Jin , Yoo Jeong-Hyun , Lee Sung-Hyen , Jeong Hyun Cheol , Lee Hae-Jeung
Published: August 2020

Platycodongrandiflorus (PG) root extract has been widely used as an oriental herbal medicine. Red PG root extract (RPGE), which is made by steaming and drying PG several times, contains more saponin than raw (white) PG. Although RPGE has been known to have anti-inflammatory activity, the effects of RPGE on the immune-enhancing response remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the immune-enhancing effects of RPGE and its mechanism in macrophage cells and splenocytes. Our results revealed that cell proliferation of both macrophages and splenocytes correlate positively with the concentration of RPGE. Moreover, RPGE treatment increased the phagocytic activity of macrophage cells, as well as nitric oxide and cytokines production. Furthermore, RPGE induced phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which contributed to nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Thus, our findings suggest that RPGE may be a potential functional food for improving immune function.
Effect of Stand-Alone and Combined Ultraviolet and Ultrasound Treatments on Physicochemical and Microbial Characteristics of Pomegranate Juice
Authors: Alabdali Tareq A. M. , Icyer Necattin Cihat , Ucak Ozkaya Gulsum , Durak Muhammed Zeki
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the combined usage possibilities of ultraviolet (UV) and ultrasonic (US) processes in the pasteurization of pomegranate juice. For this purpose, UV, US, and combined UV+US pasteurization of pomegranate juice were optimized using experimental designs, such as the Central Composite Design (CCD) and Factorial Design (FD), and compared with the conventional pasteurization process. Total phenolic content (TPC), color a*, water-soluble dry matter (°Brix), turbidity, anthocyanin, DPPH, HPLC TPC, and yeast and mold count were used as quality parameters during all of the processes. The results showed that the application of 50 °C, 3.5 L/min flow rate and 5.1 mW/cm2 UV dose, and 10 min US (200 Watt) together reduced the microbial population below the detection limits. The integration of UV+US processes into the pasteurization process could limit microbial activity at lower temperatures and times than the conventional pasteurization process, thus preserving the existing bioactive compounds.
Continuous and Noninvasive Estimation of Right Ventricle Systolic Blood Pressure Using Heart Sound Signal by Deep Bidirectional LSTM Network
Authors: Wang Miao , Tang Hong , Feng Tengfei , Guo Binbin
Published: August 2020

Objective: Timely monitoring right ventricular systolic blood pressure (RVSBP) is helpful in the early detection of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, it is not easy to monitor RVSBP directly. The objective of this paper is to develop a deep learning technique for RVSBP noninvasive estimation using heart sound (HS) signals supported by (electrocardiography) ECG signals without complex features extraction. Methods: Five beagle dog subjects were used. The medicine U-44069 was injected into the subjects to induce a wide range of RVSBP variation. The blood pressure in right ventricle, ECG of lead I and HS signals were recorded simultaneously. Thirty-two records were collected. The relations between RVSBP and cyclic HS signals were modeled by the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network. Results: The mean absolute error (MAE) ± standard deviation (SD) inside record was 1.85 ± 1.82 mmHg. It was 4.37 ± 2.49 mmHg across record but within subject. The corrective factors were added after training the Bi-LSTM network across subjects. Finally, the MAE ± SD from 12.46 ± 6.56 mmHg dropped to 6.37 ± 4.90 mmHg across subjects. Significance: Our work was the first to apply the Bi-LSTM network to build relations between the HS signal and RVSBP. This work suggested a noninvasive and continuous RVSBP estimation using the HS signal supported by the ECG signal by deep learning architecture without the need of healthcare professionals.
A Novel Adaptive Mode Decomposition Method Based on Reassignment Vector and Its Application to Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing
Authors: Yi Cancan , Wang Xing , Zhu Yajun , Ke Wei
Published: August 2020

To solve the problem that the random distribution of noise in the time-frequency (TF) plane largely affects the readability of TF representations, a novel signal adaptive decomposition algorithm processed in TF domain, which provides adequate information about the time-varying instantaneous frequency, is presented in this paper. The theoretical basis of this algorithm is short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The research into the algorithm comprises two steps: the TF plane denoising takes sparse low-rank matrix estimation as a priority and then achieves signal decomposition based on reassignment vector (RV). A low-rank matrix approximation scheme, which exploits the sparse properties of the TF transformation coefficient and uses non-convex penalty, is put forward to obtain clean STFT. Then, a new approach called RV, which is different from the traditional mode decomposition methods such as Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), is used to estimate the characteristic curve corresponding to the TF ridges of the interested modes. Based on the classical reassignment method, RV has a solid theory foundation. Moreover, it can identify different signal components such as stationary signal, modulating signal and impulse characteristic. Combining the advantages of low-rank matrix approximation approach and those of RV defined in TF plane, a novel signal adaptive decomposition method is proposed in this paper to identify fault characteristics. To illustrate the effectiveness of the method, fault signals of rolling bearing under stationary condition and time-varying speed are respectively analyzed.
Development and Validation of a HPLC–PDA Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Berberine, Palmatine, Geniposide, and Paeoniflorin in Haedoksamul-tang
Authors: Jo Beom-Geun , Kang Kyung-Hwa , Yang Min Hye
Published: August 2020

Haedoksamul-tang (HST) is a traditional medical prescription comprising eight medicinal herbs: Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, Coptis japonica, Gardenia jasminoides, Paeonia lactiflora, Phellodendron amurense, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Scutellaria baicalensis. HST is used to treat blood circulation disorders and has anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, and anticonvulsant effects. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detector (HPLC–PDA) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of four marker compounds in HST, namely, berberine, palmatine, geniposide, and paeoniflorin. Four standard solutions and HST sample solutions were analyzed using a reverse-phase SunFire®C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) using a 0.05% aqueous formic acid/methanol gradient. The column temperature, flow rate, injection volume, and wavelengths used were 28 ± 2 ℃, 1.0 mL/min, 10.0 μL, and 230 nm and 240 nm, respectively. Calibration curves of the four marker compounds showed good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9994), and limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were in the ranges 0.131–0.296 μg/mL and 0.398–0.898 μg/mL, respectively. Ranges of intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies values were 96.74–102.53% and 97.95–100.83%, respectively, and relative standard deviation (RSD) values were all <4%. Recoveries averaged 92.33–116.72% with RSD values <5%. Quantitative analysis for the four marker compounds showed geniposide (10.77 mg/g) was most abundant in HST.
Non-Coding RNAs and Nucleosome Remodeling Complexes: An Intricate Regulatory Relationship
Authors: Patty Benjamin J. , Hainer Sarah J.
Published: August 2020

Eukaryotic genomes are pervasively transcribed, producing both coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs are diverse and a critical family of biological molecules, yet much remains unknown regarding their functions and mechanisms of regulation. ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes, in modifying chromatin structure, play an important role in transcriptional regulation. Recent findings show that ncRNAs regulate nucleosome remodeler activities at many levels and that ncRNAs are regulatory targets of nucleosome remodelers. Further, a series of recent screens indicate this network of regulatory interactions is more expansive than previously appreciated. Here, we discuss currently described regulatory interactions between ncRNAs and nucleosome remodelers and contextualize their biological functions.
Carbon Nanotube Modified by (O, N, P) Atoms as Effective Catalysts for Electroreduction of Oxygen in Alkaline Media
Authors: Bogdanovskaya Vera , Vernigor Inna , Radina Marina , Andreev Vladimir , Korchagin Oleg , Novikov Vasilii
Published: August 2020

The influence of the types and amounts of oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and/or phosphorus (P) heteroatoms on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on stability and catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated in alkaline media. It is shown that functionalization of CNTs leads to growth of the electrochemically active surface and to an increase in activity in the ORR. At the same time, a decrease in stability is observed after functionalization of CNTs under accelerated corrosion testing in alkaline media. These results are most significant on CNTs after functionalization in HNO3, due to the formation of a large number of structural defects. However, subsequent doping with N and/or P atoms provides a further activity increase and enhances the corrosion stability of CNTs. Thus, as shown by the studies of characteristic parameters (electrochemical active surface values (SEAS); E1/2; corrosion stability), CNTs doped with N and NP are promising catalytic systems that can be recommended for use as fuel cell cathodes. An important condition for effective doping is the synthesis of carboxyl and carbonyl oxygen-containing groups on the surface of CNTs.
Regeneration of Pt-Sn/Al2O3 Catalyst for Hydrogen Production through Propane Dehydrogenation Using Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Choi Yi Sun , Oh Kyeongseok , Jung Kwang-Deog , Kim Won-Il , Koh Hyoung Lim
Published: August 2020

Compared with dehydrogenation in conventional petroleum refinery processes, relatively pure hydrogen can be produced by propane dehydrogenation (PDH) without innate contaminants like sulfur and metals. Among the existing catalysts for PDH, Pt catalysts are popular and are often used in conjunction with Sn as a co-catalyst. Coke formation is a major concern in PDH, where catalyst regeneration is typically achieved by periodic coke burning to achieve sustainable operation. In this study, Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalysts were regenerated after coke burning in three stages: mixing the catalyst with liquid hydrochloric acid, drying, and calcining under air atmosphere. In this process, the optimum concentration of hydrochloric acid was found to be 35% w/w. HCl treatment was effective for enhancing redispersion of the metal catalysts and aiding the formation of the Pt3Sn alloy, which is considered to be effective for PDH reaction. HCl treatment may provide oxychlorination-like conditions under the calcination atmosphere. The characteristics of the catalysts were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and CO chemisorption.
Anti-Biofouling Strategies for Long-Term Continuous Use of Implantable Biosensors
Authors: Xu Jian , Lee Hyowon
Published: August 2020

The growing trend for personalized medicine calls for more reliable implantable biosensors that are capable of continuously monitoring target analytes for extended periods (i.e., >30 d). While promising biosensors for various applications are constantly being developed in the laboratories across the world, many struggle to maintain reliable functionality in complex in vivo environments over time. In this review, we explore the impact of various biotic and abiotic failure modes on the reliability of implantable biosensors. We discuss various design considerations for the development of chronically reliable implantable biosensors with a specific focus on strategies to combat biofouling, which is a fundamental challenge for many implantable devices. Briefly, we introduce the process of the foreign body response and compare the in vitro and the in vivo performances of state-of-the-art implantable biosensors. We then discuss the latest development in material science to minimize and delay biofouling including the usage of various hydrophilic, biomimetic, drug-eluting, zwitterionic, and other smart polymer materials. We also explore a number of active anti-biofouling approaches including stimuli-responsive materials and mechanical actuation. Finally, we conclude this topical review with a discussion on future research opportunities towards more reliable implantable biosensors.
IoT-Enabled High Efficiency Smart Solar Charge Controller with Maximum Power Point Tracking—Design, Hardware Implementation and Performance Testing
Authors: Rokonuzzaman Md. , Shakeri Mohammad , Hamid Fazrena Azlee , Mishu Mahmuda Khatun , Pasupuleti Jagadeesh , Rahman Kazi Sajedur , Tiong Sieh Kiong , Amin Nowshad
Published: August 2020

Amid growing demand for solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, the output from PV panels/cells fails to deliver maximum power to the load, due to the intermittency of ambient conditions. Therefore, utilizing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) becomes essential for PV systems. In this paper, a novel internet of things (IoT)-equipped MPPT solar charge controller (SCC) is designed and implemented. The proposed circuit system utilizes IoT-based sensors to send vital data to the cloud for remote monitoring and controlling purposes. The IoT platform helps the system to be monitored remotely. The PIC16F877A is used as a main controller of the proposed MPPT-SCC besides implementing the perturb and observe (P&O) technique and a customized buck–boost converter. To validate the proposed system, both simulation and hardware implementation are carried out by the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and laboratory set up, respectively. The proposed MPPT-SCC can handle the maximum current of 10 A at 12 V voltage. Results show that the efficiency of the proposed system reaches up to 99.74% during a month of performance testing duration.