bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological Distinction of Three Ammonia Phylotypes Occurring Along European Coasts
Authors: Richirt Julien , Schweizer Magali , Bouchet Vincent M. P. , Mouret Aurelia , Quinchard Sophie , Jorissen Frans J.
Published: August 2019

The high morphological variability observed in the genus Ammonia, together with its global distribution, led to the description of a plethora of species, subspecies, and varieties. Until now, many researchers used a limited number of (morpho-)species, and considered the numerous varieties as ecophenotypes. Recently, molecular studies show that these putative ecophenotypes are, in reality, well-separated genetically and should rather be considered as separate species. This study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics of three phylotypes (T1, T2, and T6) belonging to the genus Ammonia, encountered along European coasts. For this purpose, Ammonia specimens were sampled at 22 locations between 2014 and 2016 and were imaged using an environmental SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). For 96 specimens, images of the spiral, umbilical, and peripheral sides were obtained and pore features were investigated using 1000x magnified images of the penultimate chamber on the spiral side. Sixty-one morphometric parameters were measured for each individual. To assign specimens to their respective phylotypes, we employed molecular analyses using SSU (Small Sub-Unit) rDNA fragments. A multivariate approach (Factorial Analysis of Mixed Data, FAMD), allowing the joint analysis of quantitative and qualitative measurements, was used to determine the most reliable morphometric parameters to discriminate the three phylotypes. Our results show that the use of only two morphological characteristics is sufficient to differentiate the three pseudocryptic species: the raised or flush character of the sutures on the central part of the spiral side and the mean pore diameter. These two criteria, which can be observed with a standard stereomicroscope, provide an efficient method to discriminate T1, T2, and T6 with at least 90% accuracy. We consider that there is still insufficient information to reliably assign previously defined formal scientific names to the three phylotypes, and therefore we recommend the continued use of phylotype designations T1, T2, and T6. Our results make it possible to study the distribution of these three pseudocryptic species (T1, T2, and T6) on the basis of stereomicroscope examination alone, which means these species can also be more easily recognized in dead/fossil assemblages. Among other things, this will allow verification in sediment cores of the putative recent introduction in European coastal areas of T6, which is often considered an exotic species originating from East Asia.
Recognition of Truncorotalia Crassaformis As a Modern Planktonic Foraminiferal Morphospecies in the Caribbean and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean and Proposal of a Neotype
Authors: Scott George H.
Published: August 2019

To clarify patterns of within-population variation in Truncorotalia crassaformis and their bearing on selection of a neotype, the shape of shells from two Caribbean sediment traps was analyzed statistically. These data were compared with those from a Holocene equatorial Atlantic core, from topotypes of Globigerina crassaformis Galloway and Wissler (Lomita Quarry, California), and from type specimens of Globorotalia oceanica. This approach was used because the holotype (now destroyed) was the only designated specimen. Morphometric analyses of shells in axial and spiral orientations use data from equally-spaced coordinates around their outlines recorded from SEM imagery. Special attention is given to the profile of the last-formed chamber and to development of a keel at its periphery. Comparison of data from 150 m and 700 m traps shows that the former population includes only small, possibly pre-adult specimens that are non-crusted. Shell shape, especially in axial orientation is much less variable than in the 700 m sample which includes many encrusted and kummerform specimens. Variation in the Holocene sample is closely similar to that in the 700 m trap. Between group comparisons show that the holotype and two paratypes of Globorotalia oceanica plot within the morphospaces of the trap and Holocene samples. All are referred to Truncorotalia crassaformis on the basis of their shape, calcification patterns, and notably the absence of a keel or carina on the final chamber. It is likely that its holotype had this attribute. The axial shape of the neotype is similar to the modelled mean shape of specimens from the sediment traps. Topotypes with a keel on all chambers of the outer whorl are identified as Truncorotalia aff. crassacarina.
KAJIAN DIVERSITI GENETIKA Tarsius sp. ASAL INDONESIA MENURUT URUTAN GEN NADH DEHIDROGENASE SUBUNIT 4 (ND4)
Authors: H Herrialfian , Widayanti Rini , Wijayanto Hery , J Jalaluddin
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji keragaman genetik gen penyandi ND4 pada Tarsius bancanus, T. b. borneanus, T. dianae dan T. spectrum dan untuk penegakan taksonominya. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) diisolasi dari biopsi jaringan masing-masing spesies Tarsius dengan cara diekstraksi untuk digunakan sebagai DNA cetakan dalam proses amplifikasi dengan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini didesain untuk mengamplifikasi gen ND4 dan dilanjutkan dengan elektroforesis. Produk PCR hasil amplifikasi yang telah dimurnikan, selanjutnya dipergunakan sebagai DNA cetakan untuk reaksi penentuan runutan nukleotida. Runutan nukleotida gen ND4 hasil pengurutan dilakukan penjajaran berganda dengan primata lain yang diambil dari Genbank menggunakan Clustal W. Selain berdasarkan runutan nukleotida, gen ND4 dianalisis berdasarkan runutan asam amino dari basa-basa yang diterjemahkan mengikuti vertebrate mitochondrial translation code yang ada pada program MEGA versi 4.1. Konstruksi pohon filogenetika menggunakan metode neighbor joining. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 1378 nukleotida ditemukan 119 situs yang bersifat beragam. Jarak genetika berdasarkan nukleotida gen ND4 yang dihitung menggunakan model dua parameter Kimura, terdapat nilai paling kecil 0,6%, nilai terbesar 13%, dan nilai rata-rata sebesar 6,1%. Filogram berdasarkan hasil runutan nukleotida gen ND4 yang menggunakan metode neighbor joining, dapat mengidentifikasi dan membedakan percabangan antar spesies Tarsius.
GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIS DAN KLINIS AYAM HERBAL SETELAH DIUJI TANTANG DENGAN VIRUS AVIAN INFLUENZA H5N1
Authors: Setiyono Agus , Bermawie Nurliani
Published: August 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perubahan histopatologis dan klinis ayam herbal setelah ditantang dengan virus avian influenza (AI) H5N1. Seluruh ayam dibagi atas 3 kelompok perlakuan Kelompok kontrol, Kelompok I (I-1, I-2, dan I-3), dan Kelompok II (II-1, II-2, dan II-3). Masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 15 ekor ayam sehingga jumlah seluruh ayam yang digunakan adalah 105 ekor. Ayam Kelompok I dan II masing-masing diberi herbal I (sambiloto, temu ireng, adas bintang, sirih merah) dan herbal II (sambiloto, adas bintang, sirih merah) selama 3 minggu sebelum ditantang virus. Ayam kelompok perlakuan secara keseluruhan tidak ada yang hidup hingga hari ke-8. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 7 ekor ayam KII-3 (46,7%) masih hidup sampai hari ke-4 setelah uji tantang virus. Perubahan histopatologis sistem pernafasan ayam kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan pembendungan, edema, dan kerusakan sel epitel mukosa. Sistem limfoid juga menunjukkan pembendungan, deplesi folikel limfoid, dan fibrosis limpa dan bursa Fabrisius. Analisis imunohistokimia mengindikasikan partikel virus AI telah menyebar di organ atau jaringan sistem pernafasan dan sistem pertahanan.
Penggunaan Daun Kecubung (Datura metel Linn.) dalam Menurunkan Stres Transportasi pada Domba
Authors: Budiman Atun , Hernaman Iman , Latipudin Diding
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas daun Datura metel Linn. dalam mengurangi cekaman transportasi pada domba. Penelitian dilakukan 3 tahap. Tahap pertama adalah menentukan dosis yang tepat dengan perlakuan 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25%, dan pekat pada hamster melalui kemampuan berputar pada roda berputar selama 1 menit, yang diobservasi pada waktu 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, dan 180 menit pascapemberian ekstrak daun Datura metel Linn. Tahap kedua menguji efek sediaan ekstrak daun Datura metel Linn. yang diberikan pada domba pratransportasi. Tahap 3, mempelajari bentuk penyajian dengan teknik celup. Lima ukuran partikel tepung daun Datura metel Linn. yaitu 60, 60-40, 40-30, 30-20, dan 20 mesh diuji kelarutannya dalam air selama 10 menit. Data diolah dengan deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian daun Datura metel Linn. untuk semua perlakuan memberikan sensasi tenang dan bertahan sampai 180 menit. Domba yang diberi ekstrak daun Datura metel Linn. memiliki derajat stres transportasi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanpa pemberian ekstrak Datura metel Linn. Ukuran mesh 20 memberikan kelarutan yang paling tinggi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun Datura metel Linn. dapat mengurangi stres transportasi pada domba.
PENGGUNAAN CAIRAN FOLIKEL DALAM MEDIA MATURASI IN VITRO OOSIT KAMBING BLIGON
Authors: Widayati Diah Tri , Fatmawati Devita Hery , Ariesta Nony , K Kustono
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh medium maturasi terhadap kompetensi perkembangan in vitro oosit kambing bligon. Ovarium kambing diperoleh dari Rumah Potong Hewan, dibawa ke laboratorium dalam 0,9% NaCl pada suhu 31-34 C. Oosit diaspirasi dari folikel berdiameter 2-6 mm dengan menggunakan syringe 3 ml dan jarum 23 G. Oosit dengan minimal 2 lapisan sel-sel kumulus diproses untuk maturasi in vitro. Oosit dicuci 3 kali dengan dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) dan tissue culture medium 199 (TCM) 199, kemudian didistribusikan ke dalam 50 μl medium maturasi yang berbeda, yaitu TCM 199 (tanpa suplementasi),
Drought and salinity stresses in barley: Consequences and mitigation strategies
Authors: Sabagh Ayman EL , Hossain Akbar , Islam Md. Shohidul , Barutcular Celaleddin , Hussain Saddam , Hasanuzzaman Mirza , Akram Tauseef , Mubeen Muhammad , Nasim Wajid , Fahad Shah , Kumar Narendra , Meena Ram Swaroop , Kızılgeçi Ferhat , Yıldırım Mehmet , Ratnasekera Disna , Saneoka Hirofumi
Published: August 2019

Recent trends show reductions in crop productivity worldwide due to severe climatic change. Different abiotic stresses significantly affect the growth and development of plants, leading to decreased crop yields. Salinity and drought stresses are the most common abiotic stresses, especially in arid and semi–arid regions, and are major constraints for barley production. The present review attempts to provide comprehensive information related to barley plant responses and adaptations to drought and salinity stresses, including physiological and agronomic, in order to alleviate the adverse effect of stresses in barley. These stresses reduce assimilation rates, as they decrease stomatal conductance, disrupt photosynthetic pigments, reduce gas exchange, enhance production of reactive oxygen species, and lead to decreased plant growth and productivity. This review focuses on the strategies plants use to respond and adapt to drought and salinity stress. Plants utilize a range of physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as adaptation strategies, through which the adverse effects can be mitigated. These include soil management practices, crop establishment, as well as foliar application of anti-oxidants and growth regulators that maintain an appropriate level of water in the leaves to facilitate adjustment of osmotic and stomatal performance. The present review highlighted the adverse effect of drought and salinity stresses barley and their mitigation strategies for sustainable barley production under changing climate. They review also underscored that exogenous application of different antioxidants could play a significant role in the alleviation of salinity and drought stress in plant systems.
Effect of different proportions of urban organic compost on Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) propagation
Authors: Quartezani Waylson Zancanella , Sales Ramon Amaro de , Pletsch Talita Aparecida , Berilli Sávio da Silva , Mantoanelli Euzileni , Hell Leonardo Raasch , Oliveira Evandro Chaves de , Neves Felipe Lopes , Neves Juliane Damasceno de Carvalho
Published: August 2019

Brazil is the largest producer of Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) in the world. The use of organic matter in substrates for clonal plant propagation is essential to promote favorable conditions for the development of both shoots and roots. Therefore, it is important for production systems to test new sources of organic matter such as solid urban waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different proportions of composted urban waste on the propagation of Conilon coffee plants. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with five replications and seven treatments. The treatments consisted of different proportions of composted urban waste (0, 15, 30, 50, 70, 90 and 100%), and biometric and quality characteristics of the clonal plants were evaluated. The results showed that proportions of composted urban waste higher than 50% added to the soil substrate promoted the highest plant growth rates, and even the lowest proportion of organic matter (15%) showed better results for all characteristics than the treatment without organic matter.
Application of organomineral fertilizers sourced from filter cake and sewage sludge can affect nutrients and heavy metals in soil during early development of maize
Authors: Magela Mara Lúcia Martins , Camargo Reginaldo de , Lana Regina Maria Quintão , Miranda Melissa Cristina de Carvalho
Published: August 2019

This study determined the changes in soil nutrients, organic carbon, organic matter and heavy metals during the early development stages of maize fertilized with different sources and doses. Also, this study confirmed that the used biosolid in the formulation of organomineral fertilizer makes greater efficacy than the effects promoted by mineral or filter cake organomineral fertilizers already used in agricultural. The experiment was done in a greenhouse at the Federal University of de Uberlândia - Campus Umuarama. The experimental design was randomized block design, as a 2 x 5 + 2 factorial, containing two sources of organomineral fertilizer consisting of organic residues (biosolid and filter cake), five doses of organomineral fertilizer (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140% of P2O5 recommendation for maize crop), a positive control with mineral fertilization (100%) and a negative one with no fertilization with four replications. The soil pH and contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium base saturation, base sum, micronutrients, organic carbon, organic matter and heavy metals were determined subsequently after plant removal, 65 days after sowing. The organomineral fertilizers based on biosolid and filter cake yielded increases in phosphorus, boron and manganese in the soil, especially the biosolid source. Regardless of the fertilizer organic matter source, soil phosphorus increased linearly with increasing doses of the sources. Doses equal or below the recommendation for maize (100% P2O5) were less effective in supplying potassium. The organomineral sources did not add heavy metals to the soil. Fertilizers based on biosolid can supply nutrients, such as phosphorus, boron and manganese at high doses, replacing mineral fertilization, while maintaining and improving soil fertility with no contamination by heavy metals.
Short-term effects of liming on chemical attributes of tropical sandy soil and soybean (Glycine max L.) yield
Authors: Neto M. Esper , Coneglian C. F. , Costa A. C. S. , Inoue T. T. , Batista M. A.
Published: August 2019

Lime application is the most appropriate technique to raise soil pH, decrease Al3+ toxicity and increase Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in acidic tropical and subtropical moist soils. The objective of this research is to evaluate changes in chemical attributes and soybean yield in sandy soil after lime incorporation. The soil was classified as a typical Quartzipsamments cultivated with (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf) pasture, and its degradation state was classified as strong. The experimental design was a randomized block with six replicates and four lime doses (0, 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha-1). The soil in the area was prepared with one plowing and two harrowings, followed by lime application and two more harrowings to incorporate the lime up to 0.2 m depth. The dependent variables analyzed were soybean yield; numbers of pods filled, pods not filled, and total pods and soil pH in water, CaCl2 and KCl. All parameters were measured at depth of 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. The increase of soil pH by the different lime rates were observed just in 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers. After 6 months no changes in soil pH were observed in subsoil (0.2-0.3 m). With lower H+ and Al3+ activity and higher basic cation availability, soybean yield was also changed. The maximum soybean yield of 2,929 kg ha-1 was observed with 4.6 Mg ha-1 lime application, although pod number per plant remained constant, independent of limestone dose.
Concentration of macronutrients in degraded tropical pasture in recovery rainy periods using wood
Authors: Silva Edna Maria Bonfim- , Schlichting Alessana F. , Silva Tonny José Araújo da
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the average concentration of macronutrients in the rainy periods in Urochloa brizantha pasture fertilized with doses of wood ash associated with application management. Experiment was carried out in the field condition in two years at a degraded pasture in the Brazilian Cerrado (Tropical savanna). Experimental design was a 6x2 factorial scheme, corresponding to six doses of plant ash (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 t ha-1) associated with two treatments of wood ash: light application and superficial grade (without incorporation) with four replicates. The wood ash was derived from the industrial boiler combustion of plant materials. Average concentration of the macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur) were measured in plants. The analyzes of Marandu grass during the rainy season was evaluated from each evaluation year. The mean nutrient concentrations per year were calculated after the nutritional evaluation of four pasture cuttings. It was verified that the wood ash improves the nutritional quality of the recovering pasture. the wood ash doses between 9 and 12 t ha-1 presented greater nutrient concentration in plants. The incorporation of the wood ash in the soil assisted to better nutrient availability to the Marandu grass. The nutritive value of pasture depends on the applied ash quality as an alternative fertilizer.
Physiological tolerance to drought under high temperature in soybean cultivars
Authors: Castro Jônatas Neves de , Müller Caroline , Almeida Gabriel Martins , Costa Alan Carlos
Published: August 2019

Soybean is one of the most economically important crops and has experienced adverse physiological and biochemical effects when subjected to drought stress and heat, resulting in lost productivity. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological, metabolic and growth responses of well-watered and drought-treated soybean cultivars under high temperature. The experimental design was set up in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme with three soybean cultivars (7739 M, Anta 82 and Desafio) and two water levels (100% and 40% field capacity). The experiment was conducted in a controlled growth chamber with a gradual rise in temperature at 41°C for 5 hours daily. Morpho-physiological and metabolic analyses were performed 12 days after the treatments imposition. The parameters of water and osmotic potentials, relative water content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiratory rate, electron flux for the carboxylation and oxygenation of RuBisCO were decreased for all cultivars under water deficit and high temperature. The results showed that the photorespiration and the rate of electrolyte leakage were increased as well. These results showed that these physiological behaviors are standard for soybean plants under water deficit, regardless of cultivars. The cultivars 7739 M and Desafio showed lower performance than the cultivar Anta 82 for the parameters of total electron flow and effective quantum yield of PS II. The 7739 M and Anta 82 were the only cultivars to show increased non-photochemical quenching dissipation and total soluble sugar content, respectively, under stress conditions. Desafio cultivar demonstrated greater physiological and growth traits stability, which could potentially indicate double tolerance to these stresses.
Detection of active pathogenic bacteria under stress conditions using lytic and specific phage
Authors: Ben Said Myriam , Ben Saad Marwa , Achouri Faouzi , Bousselmi Latifa , Ghrabi Ahmed
Published: August 2019

In this study, we have monitored the potential activity of a foodborne and waterborne pathogenic bacterium, Salmonella typhi, under starvation conditions. The interaction between lytic phage and starved-VBNC pathogenic bacteria was studied to establish reliable methods for the detection of active cells before resuscitation. The analysis of phage kinetic parameters has demonstrated the flexibility of lytic with the quantity and mainly the quality of host cells. After 2 h of phage-starved-VBNC bacteria interaction, the reduction of phage amplification rate can reveal the ability of specific-lytic phage to recognize and to attach to their host cells with a probability of burst and release of infectious phages by active bacteria. After an extension of the latent period, the boost of the phage amplification rate was directly related to the positive interaction between potential intracellular ‘engaged’ phages and potential active bacteria. Furthermore, the modeling of the Salmonella-specific phage growth cycle in relationship with starved host cells can highlight the impact of the viability and the activity state of the host cells on the phage's growth cycle.
Water Promoted One-pot Three-Step Synthesis of Novel N-Saccharin Isoxazolines/Isoxazoles Using KI/Oxone Under Ultrasonic Activation
Authors: Tachallait Hamza , Driowya Mohsine , Álvarez Eleuterio , Benhida Rachid , Bougrin Khalid
Published: August 2019

A green and efficient regioselective protocol was developed for the preparation
of novel isoxazolines and isoxazoles of N-saccharin derivatives via the water-promoted cycloaddition
reaction of nitrile oxides with alkenes and alkynes. It is noteworthy that
KI/Oxone/water-promoted one-pot three-component reactions of aldehyde, hydroxylamine
hydrochloride, and alkene or alkyne were observed to be very satisfactory. The synthesis
of all adducts (4a-j/5a-j) has been carried out by this method with high to excellent yields
(70-95%) at 25°C within 30 min, using ultrasonic probe. All the new compounds were
thoroughly characterized by spectroscopic techniques and also 5b, 5c and 5f were structurally
identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. X-ray crystallography structure
analysis clearly supported the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition reaction.
Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor: New Insights in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Lin Lin , Zhang Lei , Li Chao , Gai Zhibo , Li Yunlun
Published: August 2019

Vitamin D, as a natural medicine, is known to regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
But abundant research has shown that vitamin D also plays a regulatory role in autoimmunity, inflammation,
angiogenesis and vascular cell activity. Since the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is widely distributed
in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, the role of vitamin
D and VDR in hypertension has received extensive attention. Hypertension is a disease with high incidence
and high cardiovascular risk. In recent years, both clinical trials and animal experiments have
shown that vitamin D plays a regulatory role in decreasing blood pressure (BP) through inhibiting
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, modulating function of vascular wall and reducing vascular
oxidative stress. A growing body of data suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased
cardiovascular disease risk in hypertension, even short-term vitamin D deficiency may directly
raise BP and promote target organ damage. Due to the high correlation between vitamin D and hypertension,
vitamin D supplementation therapy may be a new insight in the treatment of hypertension. The
aim of this review will explore the mechanisms of the vitamin D and VDR in regulating the BP and
protecting against the target organ damage.
Nutritional Interventions and Considerations for the Development of Low Calorie or Sugar Free Foods
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Rasane Prasad , Kaur Sawinder , Kumar Vikas , Dhawan Kajal , Mahato Dipendra K. , Malhotra Sunita , Sarma Chayanika , Kaur Damanpreet , Bhattacharya Jayatee
Published: August 2019

Diabetes is a globally prevalent chronic metabolic disease characterized by blood glucose
levels higher than the normal levels. Sugar, a common constituent of diet, is also a major factor often
responsible for elevating the glucose level in diabetic patients. However, diabetic patients are more
prone to eat sweets amongst the human population. Therefore, we find a popular consumption of zero
or low-calorie sweeteners, both natural and artificial. But, the uses of these sweeteners have proved to
be controversial. Thus, the purpose of this review was to critically analyze and highlight the considerations
needed for the development of sugar-free or low-calorie products for diabetic patients. For
this purpose, various measures are taken such as avoiding sugary foods, using natural nectar, artificial
sweeteners, etc. It cannot be ignored that many health hazards are associated with the overconsumption
of artificial sweeteners only. These sweeteners are high-risk compounds and a properly
balanced consideration needs to be given while making a diet plan for diabetic patients.
Molecular Topological Properties of Alkylating Agents Based Anticancer Drug Candidates Via Some Ve-degree Topological Indices
Authors: Ediz Süleyman , Cancan Murat
Published: August 2019

Background:

Reckoning molecular topological indices of drug structures gives the data
about the underlying topology of these drug structures. Novel anticancer drugs have been leading
by researchers to produce ideal drugs.

Materials and Methods:

Pharmacological properties of these new drug agents explored by utilizing
simulation strategies. Topological indices additionally have been utilized to research pharmacological
properties of some drug structures. Novel alkylating agents based anticancer drug candidates
and ve-degree molecular topological indices have been introduced recently.

Results and Conclusion:

In this study we calculate ve-degree atom-bond connectivity, harmonic,
geometric-arithmetic and sum-connectivity molecular topological indices for the newly defined
alkylating agents based dual-target anticancer drug candidates.
Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcus haemolyticus - Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Gulati Neelam , Sharma Shiwani , Gupta Ravi , Soni Ashwani , Chander Jagdish
Published: August 2019

Background:

Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are important. The common
antibiotics used for the treatment of the infections caused by CoNS are penicillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin,
clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Linezolid is an oxazolidinone
group of antibiotic with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It is used for the treatment of serious
infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria resistant to other antibiotics, including streptococci,
vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).

Aim and Objective:

This study emphasizes on the judicious use of newer antibiotics to contain
the spread of resistance.

Methods:

We are discussing five cases of Linezolid resistant Staphylococcus Haemolyticus which
were reported in our laboratory during one year from patients with device related infections and
also review of literature is being presented for an update.

Results:

In our study, the isolates were resistant to other groups of antimicrobials but susceptible to
glycopeptides. All the isolates were methicillin-resistant.

Conclusion:

Linezolid is approved as an alternative drug to be given for catheter-related bloodstream
infections. In earlier studies, linezolid-resistant staphylococci have been reported increasingly
all over the world. This study is to create awareness amongst clinicians that improper and
excessive use of linezolid will make this antibiotic-resistant and thus will be of no help in future,
so judicious and relevant use of antibiotics needs to be emphasized.
Current Status and Use of Resources of Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Analysis of a Spanish Claims Database
Authors: Darbà Josep , Marsà Alicia
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

The knowledge of the pathophysiology of Lysosomal Storage Disorders has
gradually increased, but information on their incidence is still scarce. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the status and use of resources of these disorders in Spain from 1997 to 2015.

Methods:

Records from 4,999 patients diagnosed with a Lysosomal Storage Disorder were extracted
from a Spanish database containing data from public and private hospitals from 1997 to 2015.

Results:

The database registered 2,441 patients with an LSD in Spain during the study period. Leukodystrophy,
Krabbe disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and sulfatide lipidosis represented, as a
group, the most common combination of diseases in Spain, affecting 26% of total patients. The average
age of diagnosis of these disorders was 16.7 years. A sex bias was observed in most of the groups,
with a proportion of male/female of 60 to 40%. The direct medical cost of Lysosomal Storage Diseases
was €5,686 per patient with an average cost per hospital admission of €4,923. Global costs displayed a
growing tendency.

Conclusions:

Contrary to worldwide disease incidence estimations, the group with Krabbe disease registered
the highest number of patients in the study period, which makes evident the need for accurate
regional disease incidence and patient demographic studies. Altogether, data suggest the need to improve
LSDs diagnostic protocols, and support the inclusion of these disorders in standard newborn
screening programs.
Amine Derivative from the Aerial Part of Spilanthes acmella Murr. and their Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
Authors: Widyowati Retno , Ekasari Wiwied , Purwitasari Neny
Published: August 2019

Background:

Spilanthes acmella Murr. is included in Asteraceae family which is used as
a traditional remedy for tooth-aches, and originated from Africa, America, Borneo, India, Sri Lanka,
Bangladesh, China, Japan, Thailand, and Indonesia. The present research aims to isolate the amine
derivative from the ethyl acetate layer of this plant and to evaluate the isolated compounds of
alkaline phosphatase activity as a sign of bone formation.

Methods:

The air-dried plants of Spilanthes acmella Murr. were extracted with methanol, then partitioned
with n-hexane and ethyl acetate successively by using liquid-liquid extraction, and then the
chromatographic techniques were repeated, such as silica gel, octadecyl silylated silica gel, and
HPLC. The isolated compounds were determined by spectrometric analysis using ultraviolet, infrared,
high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR.

Results:

Benzenepropanoic acid, 4 hydroxy-2-oxo-3 piperidinyl ester (1), was isolated from the
ethyl acetate layer of the whole plants of Spilanthes acmella Murr. together with dendranthemoside
A (2), uridine (3), icariside B2 (4), chicoriin (5), dendranthemoside B (6), and ampelopsisionoside
(7) from their butanol layer.

Conclusion:

An amine derivative, a benzenepropanoic acid that determined as 4 hydroxy-2-oxo-3
piperidinyl ester (1) was isolated and reported for the first time from the ethyl acetate layer of
Spilanthes acmella naturally. All the isolated compounds from this plant stimulated alkaline phosphatase
activity as a mark of bone formation up to 128%.
Educational Models for the Re‐Establishment of Dental Therapy Education in Canada
Authors: Sunell Susanne , Wright Ann E. , Udahl Brenda K. , Benbow Paula
Published: August 2019

With the closure of the Canadian dental therapy program in Saskatchewan in 2011 and the increasing need for oral health providers, there have been growing discussions at the national and provincial levels regarding the re‐establishment of a provider with dental therapy abilities. The aims of this study were to define models for dental therapy education in Canada and explore how dental therapy abilities could best be integrated into Canadian post‐secondary education. In 2017, purposeful sampling was used to invite key informants to participate in a semi‐structured interview. Participants were individuals from government, education, and regulation and those working with underserved populations in Canada and internationally. A 75% response rate (n=53) was achieved. Thematic analysis was employed for coding of data and generation of themes. Respondents highlighted the need to include minimally invasive restorative services in the current scope of dental hygiene practice across all Canadian jurisdictions and to build dental therapy abilities with or upon accredited dental hygiene curricula. The models supported by respondents were a fourth‐year option built on three‐year diploma education, a one‐year postgraduate diploma based on a baccalaureate degree and a current dental hygiene registration, and a three‐year dental therapy diploma incorporating core courses in accredited dental hygiene diploma education. While the respondents' views were divergent, the educational model that received the most support involved a two‐ to three‐term addition to current three‐year dental hygiene diploma education. In contrast to international trends, the respondents valued learner flexibility to exit with a diploma dental hygiene credential, thus making the dental therapy scope optional. These educational models provide a starting point for further analysis and exploration.
Effective and Ineffective Clinical Teaching in Dental Hygiene Education: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pizanis Vicki G. , Pizanis Charles
Published: August 2019

Clinical instructors play a significant role in student learning in dental hygiene education, but more information is needed on which instructor characteristics best promote student development. The aim of this study was to identify clinical dental hygiene instructor traits that are effective and ineffective for student learning as defined by dental hygiene students and instructors. A qualitative study using grounded theory and critical incident technique was conducted to investigate junior students', senior students', and instructors' perceptions in one U.S. dental hygiene program in 2014. The methods used were an open‐ended electronic survey, one‐on‐one interviews, and focus groups. Qualities identified were coded and organized into categories and themes, then tabulated by importance by cohort. A total of 24 junior students, 22 senior students, and nine clinical faculty members participated in all three parts of the study. The surveys revealed 322 qualities and characteristics, and the interviews revealed 162, which were then coded into 26 and 23 categories of effective and ineffective traits, respectively. Three major themes of instructor characteristics emerged: affective, pedagogical, and expertise‐related. Variances in the frequency of these themes were found between junior and senior students. Differences were also noted between students and instructors in terms of the importance of several characteristics. Specific effective teaching methods were also discovered in the interviews. In this study, multiple effective and ineffective dental hygiene clinical instructor characteristics were identified. These findings have implications for curriculum, instructor training, and evaluation and create a foundation for future research.
Effectiveness and Perceptions of Flipped Learning Model in Dental Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gianoni‐Capenakas Silvia , Lagravere Manuel , Pacheco‐Pereira Camila , Yacyshyn James
Published: August 2019

When educators adopt flipped learning in their courses, online sources are assigned for students to study prior to class, and then the class period is devoted to face‐to‐face (F2F) interactions. The aims of this systematic review were to evaluate published research on the effectiveness of flipped learning for dental students' learning and on dental students' perceptions of the model and to report the results based on the first two phases of Kirkpatrick's model: reaction and learning. A systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Protocols (PRISMA‐P) was performed. Articles in which the objective was to determine the effectiveness of students' learning or students' perceptions of flipped learning in both dental and advanced dental education were collected. The Risk of Bias of the included studies was assessed using the MINORS Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Summary of Findings table. The authors screened the title and abstract of 650 studies; after application of inclusion criteria, eight articles remained for analysis. In those studies, a total of 572 dental students were participants. The effectiveness of flipped learning and conventional lectures was compared in five of the eight studies; three of the studies compared students' perceptions of flipped learning and the conventional format; and four of the studies assessed students' perceptions of flipped learning without comparison to another methodology. The findings suggest that flipped learning was an effective way to deliver knowledge in these eight studies. Time flexibility was a particular asset found in this review since flipped learning allowed each student to assimilate the educational material at her or his own pace.
eRegTime, Efficiency of Health Information Management Using an Electronic Registry for Maternal and Child Health: Protocol for a Time-Motion Study in a Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Lindberg Marie Hella , Venkateswaran Mahima , Abu Khader Khadija , Awwad Tamara , Ghanem Buthaina , Hijaz Taghreed , Mørkrid Kjersti , Frøen J Frederik
Published: August 2019

Background

Paper-based routine health information systems often require repetitive data entry. In the West Bank, the primary health care system for maternal and child health was entirely paper-based, with care providers spending considerable amounts of time maintaining multiple files and client registers. As part of the phased national implementation of an electronic health information system, some of the primary health care clinics are now using an electronic registry (eRegistry) for maternal and child health. The eRegistry consists of client-level data entered by care providers at the point-of-care and supports several digital health interventions that are triggered by the documented clinical data, including guideline-based clinical decision support and automated public health reports.

Objective

The aim of the eRegTime study is to investigate whether the use of the eRegistry leads to changes in time-efficiency in health information management by the care providers, compared with the paper-based systems.

Methods

This is a substudy in a cluster randomized controlled trial (the eRegQual study) and uses the time-motion observational study design. The primary outcome is the time spent on health information management for antenatal care, informed and defined by workflow mapping in the clinics. We performed sample size estimations to enable the detection of a 25% change in time-efficiency with a 90% power using an intracluster correlation coefficient of 0.1 and an alpha of .05. We observed care providers for full workdays in 24 randomly selected primary health care clinics—12 using the eRegistry and 12 still using paper. Linear mixed effects models will be used to compare the time spent on health information management per client per care provider.

Results

Although the objective of the eRegQual study is to assess the effectiveness of the eRegistry in improving quality of antenatal care, the results of the eRegTime study will contribute to process evaluation, supplementing the findings of the larger trial.

Conclusions

Electronic health tools are expected to reduce workload for the care providers and thus improve efficiency of clinical work. To achieve these benefits, the implementation of such systems requires both integration with existing workflows and the creation of new workflows. Studies assessing the time-efficiency of electronic health information systems can inform policy decisions for implementations in resource-limited low- and middle-income settings.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/13653
American Cohort to Study HIV Acquisition Among Transgender Women in High-Risk Areas (The LITE Study): Protocol for a Multisite Prospective Cohort Study in the Eastern and Southern United States
Authors: Wirtz Andrea L , Poteat Tonia , Radix Asa , Althoff Keri N , Cannon Christopher M , Wawrzyniak Andrew J , Cooney Erin , Mayer Kenneth H , Beyrer Chris , Rodriguez Allan E , Reisner Sari L ,   American Cohort To Study HIV Acquisition Among Transgender Women (LITE)
Published: August 2019

Background

In the United States, transgender women (TW) are disproportionately burdened by HIV infection. Cohort studies are needed to evaluate factors driving HIV acquisition among TW over time. These will require implementation strategies that are acceptable to the TW community and feasible to implement.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the rate and correlates of HIV acquisition and other health outcomes among TW in eastern and southern United States.

Methods

LITE is a multisite prospective cohort in 6 eastern and southern US cities, which will be followed across 24 months of technology-enhanced biobehavioral follow-up. Adult TW, regardless of HIV status, are recruited via convenience sampling (eg, peer referrals, social media, and dating apps). Participants are enrolled in a baseline study visit, complete a sociobehavioral survey, and test for HIV and sexually transmitted infections. Participants who are not living with HIV at baseline are offered enrollment into the cohort (N=1100); follow-up assessments occur quarterly.

Results

Cohort assembly was informed by synchronous Web-based focus group discussions with TW (n=41) and by continuing engagement with community advisory board members from each site. Enrollment launched in March 2018. The study is underway in the Atlanta; Baltimore; Boston; Miami; New York City; and Washington, DC, metro areas. As of March 2019, 795 TW completed a baseline visit (mean age 35 years). The majority of the participants are racial/ethnic minorities, with 45% of the TW identifying as black and 28% of the TW identifying as Hispanic/Latinx. More than one-quarter (28%) of the TW are living with HIV infection (laboratory-confirmed). Online recruitment methods support engagement with TW, although peer referral and referral through trusted health facilities and organizations remain most effective.

Conclusions

This study is responsive to increasing research interest in technology-enhanced methods for cohort research, particularly for hard-to-reach populations. Importantly, the diversity of literacy, technology use, and overall socioeconomic situations in this sample of TW highlights the need to leverage technology to permit a flexible, adaptive methodology that enhances engagement of potential participants living in marginalized contexts while still ensuring rigorous and sound study design.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/14704
CFP for Upcoming Issue
Authors: Malena Anne
Published: August 2019

CFP
Where Text Translation Fails, Art Speaks
Authors: Penrod Lynn
Published: August 2019

Essay
On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun
Authors: Madueke Sylvia Ijeoma
Published: August 2019

Like many postcolonial African novels written in English, Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) written by Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie presents many instances of literary hybridity. This paper focuses on these occurrences of hybridity and examines their translation from English into French. The paper considers various manifestations of hybridity in the novel and compares them with the novel’s French translation to illuminate translation strategies while analyzing the implications of key translation choices. This paper emphasizes that the translator made a significant effort to employ ethnocentric strategies to preserve the resonances of the author’s culture, especially instances of vernacular language inherent in the original text. The paper also notes seemingly arbitrary choices that exoticize and homogenize the translated text. Despite these instances, this paper concludes that the translation managed to maintain a balance between the source text and the target language.
Beyond the Book: The Periodical as an ‘Excavation Site’ for Translation Studies
Authors: Özmen Ceyda
Published: August 2019

The present study starts with a theoretical and methodological discussion in an effort to approach the periodical as a composite genre formed through a range of interacting discourses and networks including translations and translators. It traces the position and role of translation and translators within the broader makeup of the periodical and its metanarrative. In light of the framework outlined in the first part, the second part elaborates on a popular, long-lasting Turkish film magazine, Yıldız [Star] (1938-1954) as a translational product and institution. The analysis of a film magazine as a case study adds further layers to the study and allows for multidisciplinary cross-fertilization and dialogue across translation, periodical, and film studies. Siting Yıldız vis-à-vis the socio-cultural and political context of the era and a large network of relations, this part reveals the substantial contribution of the translational habitus of the magazine to the construction and maintenance of its “common habitus” (Bourdieu 273; Philpotts). It also becomes evident that translation does not only contribute to the formation of the heteroglossic structure of Yıldız but also plays a significant part in shaping its metanarrative, which is highly relevant to the Turkish experience of American modernity presented by classical Hollywood films and stardom.

 

Keywords: translation history, periodical studies, film magazine, translational habitus, common habitus
Plews, John L. and Spokiene, Diana (eds.). Translation and Translating in German Studies: A Festschrift for Raleigh Whitinger. Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 2016.
Authors: Nelson Spencer
Published: August 2019

Book Review
Metodología incluyente para la valoración equilibrada de proyectos productivos regionales
Authors: López López Maximiliano , Cruz Mejía Oliverio
Published: August 2019

Es común la evaluación de proyectos productivos con un enfoque marcado por la factibilidad técnica-financiera del proyecto. El presente artículo hace una propuesta alternativa que da sustento a una valoración más incluyente y desarrolladora de estados de bienestar para las comunidades, integra una evaluación equilibrada de aspectos socioculturales, ecológicos y económicos para un real desarrollo integral sostenible. La metodología propuesta focaliza sus consideraciones a problemas y necesidades reales de la zona de evaluación y que mediante el potencial de desarrollo de la misma pueda generar una cartera flexible, adaptable y equilibrada de proyectos productivos.