bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A heterotrimer model of the complete Microprocessor complex revealed by single-molecule subunit counting
Authors: Herbert Kristina M. , Sarkar Susanta K. , Mills Maria , Delgado De la Herran Hilda C. , Neuman Keir C. , Steitz Joan A.
Published: December 2015

During microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, the Microprocessor complex (MC), composed minimally of Drosha, an RNaseIII enzyme, and DGCR8, a double-stranded RNA-binding protein, cleaves the primary-miRNA (pri-miRNA) to release the pre-miRNA stem–loop structure. Size-exclusion chromatography of the MC, isolated from mammalian cells, suggested multiple copies of one or both proteins in the complex. However, the exact stoichiometry was unknown. Initial experiments suggested that DGCR8 bound pri-miRNA substrates specifically, and given that Drosha could not be bound or cross-linked to RNA, a sequential model for binding was established in which DGCR8 bound first and recruited Drosha. Therefore, many laboratories have studied DGCR8 binding to RNA in the absence of Drosha and have shown that deletion constructs of DGCR8 can multimerize in the presence of RNA. More recently, it was demonstrated that Drosha can bind pri-miRNA substrates in the absence of DGCR8, casting doubt on the sequential model of binding. In the same study, using a single-molecule photobleaching assay, fluorescent protein-tagged deletion constructs of DGCR8 and Drosha assembled into a heterotrimeric complex on RNA, comprising two DGCR8 molecules and one Drosha molecule. To determine the stoichiometry of Drosha and DGCR8 within the MC in the absence of added RNA, we also used a single-molecule photobleaching assay and confirmed the heterotrimeric model of the human MC. We demonstrate that a heterotrimeric complex is likely preformed in the absence of RNA and exists even when full-length proteins are expressed and purified from human cells, and when hAGT-derived tags are used rather than fluorescent proteins.
The European studies on mortality in schizophrenia
Authors: Gondek Tomasz , Królicka Anna , Piotrowski Patryk , Kiejna Andrzej
Published: December 2015

Schizofrenia jest przewlekłą i jedną z najcięższych chorób psychicznych. Od wielu lat prowadzone są badania nad umieralnością wśród osób chorujących na schizofrenię, stanowiąc pośrednio sposób kontroli nad skutecznością opieki i leczenia psychiatrycznego.
Celem pracy było określenie kierunku badań nad umieralnością w schizofrenii i analiza możliwości ich wykorzystania do oceny zmian zachodzących w systemie opieki psychiatrycznej w Polsce.
Praca jest przeglądem aktualnej europejskiej literatury dotyczącej badań nad umieralnością w schizofrenii. Znakomita większość analizowanych publikacji powstała w krajach Europy Północnej i Zachodniej. Brak jest publikacji międzynarodowych z Europy Południowej i Wschodniej. Aktualne kierunki badań obejmują zmiany przyczyn umieralności osób z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii na przestrzeni lat, współwystępowanie chorób somatycznych, wpływ leków na umieralność w schizofrenii oraz gorszy niż wśród osób zdrowych dostęp do opieki medycznej.
Umieralność w schizofrenii stanowi przydatny i wartościowy czynnik w badaniach klinicznych, który może umożliwić ocenę skutków zdrowotnych przemian systemu opieki zdrowotnej i pozwala na budowę systemu w oparciu o dowody naukowe.
Family and schizophrenia - psychoeducational group in a pilot programme
Authors: Kordas Wojciech , Kokodyńska Katarzyna , Kurtyka Agnieszka , Sikorska Iwona , Walczewski Krzysztof , Bogacz Józef
Published: December 2015

Cel

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja przebiegu, wyników i wniosków z przeprowadzonego cyklu zajęć psychoedukacyjnych dla rodzin osób chorych na schizofrenię, leczących się w Szpitalu Specjalistycznym im. dr J. Babińskiego w Krakowie. Artykuł prezentuje projekt o charakterze eksploracyjnym, opierający się na jakościowym podejściu badawczym. Prezentowany program psychoedukacyjny mieści się w systemowym podejściu terapeutycznym, wykorzystującym ujęcie narracyjne.

Metoda

W projekcie wzięło udział 23 osoby z 16 rodzin, które uczestniczyły w 14 spotkaniach psychoedukacyjnych na przestrzeni 4 miesięcy. Zastosowano różnorodne metody edukacyjne: wykłady, studium przypadku, warsztaty interaktywne, psychorysunek, prezentacje multimedialne, symulacje sytuacji kryzysowych, zajęcia w podgrupach.

Wyniki

Po zakończeniu cyklu spotkań u uczestników nie stwierdzono wyraźnego wzrostu poziomu wiedzy teoretycznej o schizofrenii, odnotowano natomiast spadek subiektywnie odczuwanego poczucia obciążenia chorobą w rodzinie. Mimo że wstępnie jedynie 11% uczestników oczekiwało od grupy wsparcia emocjonalnego, przez 60% badanych wsparcie zostało uznane za najważniejszą korzyść wyniesioną z programu.

Wnioski

Zastosowanie w programie systemowego podejścia narracyjnego spotkało się z pozytywnym przyjęciem i dobrą oceną przez rodziny pacjentów chorujących na schizofrenię. Wydaje się być efektywną alternatywną dla „tradycyjnej” psychoedukacji. Wykorzystanie skutecznych narzędzi szkoleniowych połączone z jednoczesnym zostawieniem dużej przestrzeni do wymiany myśli i doświadczeń sprawdziło się jako dobra forma pomocy rodzinie w kryzysie.
Importance of integrating a cultural module in the community nursing curriculum
Authors: Al-Shdayfat Noha , Hasna Fadia , Al-Smairan Mohammad , Lewando-Hundt Gillian , Shudayfat Tamador
Published: December 2015

Introduction:

The Bedouin Health module was one of the proposed interventions funded by the European Union in 2007–2008, with a focus on health services and utilisation of these services for the Bedouin people in the north of Jordan.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of integrating this module into the community health nursing courses at Al al-Bayt University, Jordan.

Method:

Two focus group discussions were carried out with five faculty members and five students involved in the implementation of the Bedouin Health module. Leading questions were prepared for both groups.

Results:

Four main themes emerged across both focus groups: self-expression, sustainability, acceptance, and motivation.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study identify how crucial it is for nursing students and faculty members to be culturally competent when practising community health care in the Bedouin community.
Identifying a deprivation of liberty
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: December 2015

The UK Supreme Court's judgment in Cheshire West and Chester Council v P [2014] fundamentally changed the approach to determining if a person who lacked capacity was deprived of their liberty by the State. The Supreme Court further held that a deprivation of liberty could occur in any care setting including a person's own home. In this article, Richard Griffith discusses the approach district nurses should adopt when determining whether a patient being cared for at home is deprived of his/her liberty.
Influence of Mixing Time to Crystal Structure and Dielectric Constant of Ba0,9Sr0,1TiO3
Authors: Sandi Dianisa Khoirum , Supriyanto Agus , Jamaludin Anif , Iriani Yofentina
Published: December 2015

Barium Strontium Titanate (Ba1-xSrxTiO3) or BST has been synthesized using solid state reaction method. Raw materials of BST were BaCO3, SrCO3, and TiO2. Those materials were mixed, pressed, and sintered at temperature 1200oC for 2 h. Mixing time of raw materials was varied to identify its effects on crystal structures and dielectrics constant of Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and LCR meter instrument, respectively. The results of XRD showed that crystals structure of Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 is tetragonal. Lattice parameter of Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 for 6 h of mixing time is a = b = 3.988 Å and c = 3.998 Å. Lattice parameter of Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 for 8 h of mixing time is a = b = 3.976 Å and c = 4.000 Å. Crystalline size of Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 was calculated using Scherrer equation. Crystalline size, crystallinity, and dielectric constant of Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 for 6 h of mixing time is 38 nm, 96%, and 115 at frequency 1 KHz, respectively while their value for 8 h of mixing time is 39 nm, 96%, and 196 at frequency 1 KHz, respectively. Thus it can be concluded that mixing time affects the lattice parameters of Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 crystal. The longer mixing time causes crystalline size, crystallinity, and dielectrics constant increase.
Treasures from the Collections
Authors: Milovanovic Vida
Published: December 2015

Sketches of Lincoln’s Inn Fields by Lady Georgiana Rosetta Flower (1858–1899).
Unintended Pregnancy in the Native Hawaiian Community: Key Informants’ Perspectives
Authors: Soon Reni , Elia Jennifer , Beckwith Nina , Kaneshiro Bliss , Dye Timothy
Published: December 2015

CONTEXT

Native Hawaiians experience the highest reported rate of unintended pregnancy of any ethnic group in Hawaii. Understanding the context in which they make decisions that influence pregnancy and pregnancy planning is essential to reducing this rate.

METHODS

A qualitative study was carried out in partnership with a community health center serving a large Native Hawaiian population to explore how Native Hawaiians conceptualize pregnancy and pregnancy planning. Between August and October 2013, semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 diverse key informants from the Hawaiian community. Content analysis was used to identify themes and patterns that emerged from the interviews.

RESULTS

Core Hawaiian values of children and family strongly affect how Native Hawaiians view pregnancy, pregnancy planning and unintended pregnancies. ‘Ohana (families) are large and characterized by tremendous support, which is perceived to lessen the burden of an unintended pregnancy. Pregnancies, whether planned or not, are seen as blessings because children are highly valued. Because of these concepts, there is an expectation for women to continue unplanned pregnancies. Although Hawaiians ascribe value to planning pregnancies and hope that children are born under what they identify as ideal circumstances, they acknowledge that these circumstances are not necessary and often do not occur.

CONCLUSION

The concepts of family and children serve as core values to Native Hawaiians and are linked to the ways in which they view pregnancy and pregnancy planning.
What sort of novel is The Wire? Voice, dialogue and protest
Authors: Stacy Ivan
Published: December 2015

This article responds to the numerous comparisons between The Wire and realist or naturalist novels. It argues that The Wire’s mimetic qualities depict many of the problems facing Baltimore and, by extension, neo-liberal America. However, it argues that the show does not just articulate complaints, but also proposes solutions, and that these solutions can be identified through two other concepts associated with the novel: polyphony and minor literature. The article uses Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of polyphony to examine that way that different voices compete and interact in the series, but notes that, where the relationship between discourses remains conflictual, long-lasting or fundamental change remains unlikely. The article suggests that where more significant change does take place is through the creation of the collective voices associated with Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s concept of minor literature.
Reviews
Authors: Giannakopoulou Liana , Assinder Semele , Mackridge Peter , Fernández Zoa Alonso
Published: December 2015

K.P. KAVAFIS, TA THEATRIKA POIIMATA/THE THEATRICAL POEMS, Maria Athanasopoulou (2014) Athens: Kritiki, 154 pp, ISBN: 9789602189214, Paperback, €10.00

Greece and Britain since 1945, David Wills (ed.) (2014) Second Edition, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 213 pp, ISBN: 9781443855341, Paperback, £29.99

The Ghost Behind the Arras: Transformat ions of the ‘POLITICAL Verse’ in Twentieth-century Greek Poetry, Vassilios Letsios (2013) Saarbrücken: Scholar’s Press, 399 pp, ISBN: 3639511441, Paperback, £97.00

Ludics in Surrealist Theatre and Beyond, Vassiliki Rapti (2013) Burlington: Ashgate Studies in Surrealism, xiv + 193 pp, ISBN: 9781409429067, Hardback, $99.95
Unsettling the metaphor: The failure of liberal hybridity in Fatih Akin’s Crossing The Bridge
Authors: Özselçuk Evren
Published: December 2015

This article examines Fatih Akin’s documentary Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul, which focuses on the contemporary music scene in the city. It argues that through its narrative structure and narrator’s voice, the documentary latently reproduces Orientalizing assumptions and frameworks and ends up undermining the understanding of hybridity that it purportedly promotes as a boundary-blurring process of cross-fertilization. Strikingly, the documentary’s liberal-pluralist interpretation of the bridge in Istanbul as a metaphor for harmonious amalgamation and/or transculturation also collapses halfway through the film. The bridge, instead, transforms into a boundary-marking device which, as it renders Turkey Europe’s periphery, at the same time promises the European subject an imaginary voyage over space and time that enables his access to an ‘authenticity’ untouched by modernity. The article concludes with an analysis of the accounts of two particular participants in the documentary which reveal the limits of both the liberal-pluralist and nationalist appropriations of the bridge as a metaphor for Turkish identity and culture.
Das Subjekt des Fußballs
Authors: Eiben Jörn
Published: December 2015

Fußball ist im Deutschland der Gegenwart ein schwer vermeidbares Thema. Jörn Eiben zeigt, dass dies vor über 100 Jahren noch anders war. Er lotet die Bedingungen aus, unter denen im Deutschen Kaiserreich über den Fußball gesprochen wurde. In diesem Zusammenhang waren sowohl Debatten über sein Für und Wider als auch Beobachtungen konkreter Fußballspiele zentral. In beiden Fällen bildeten die Bereiche Gesundheit, Männlichkeit, Militärtauglichkeit und nationale Gemeinschaft wesentliche Bezugspunkte. Anhand des Fußballs wurden also Themen verhandelt, die im Kaiserreich ohnehin prominent diskutiert wurden. Die Studie richtet ihren Blick somit nicht nur auf den Fußball im Deutschen Kaiserreich, sondern zugleich auf das Kaiserreich selbst.
Guidelines to operationalize a model to facilitate male involvement in the reproductive health context by the registered nurses
Authors: Justus Amukugo Hans , Hanna Neshuku , Nangombe Julia Paula
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this article is to describe the guidelines for operationalising a model to facilitate male partner involvement in RH. Guidelines were developed for the implementation of the model to facilitate male partner involvement in RH through the management of a partnership environment. These guidelines may be implemented in those health facilities that provide RH services, namely, clinics, health centres and hospitals. The nurses, in collaboration with significant stakeholders from the community, representatives from the line ministries and NGOs, will be able to facilitate male partner involvement in RH.

These guidelines and strategies were derived from the conceptual framework which was generated by means of deductive reasoning and analysis. The guidelines and strategies at each level are aimed at facilitating male partner involvement in RH through the management of the partnership environment by enabling male partners to become actively involved and participate and to eliminate those factors that impede the full participation of male partners in the RH context. The chapter will focus on these guidelines which are expressed in terms of the aims and strategies of each of the four phases in facilitating male partner involvement in RH.
Encephalitis with Prolonged but Reversible Splenial Lesion
Authors: Meleková Alena , Andrlová Leona , Král Pavel , Ungermann Leoš , Ehler Edvard
Published: December 2015

Introduction: The splenium of the corpus callosum has a specific structure of blood supply with a tendency towards blood-brain barrier breakdown, intramyelinic edema, and damage due to hypoxia or toxins. Signs and symptoms of reversible syndrome of the splenium of the corpus callosum typically include disorientation, confusion, impaired consciousness, and epileptic seizures. Case report: A previously healthy 32-year-old man suffered from weakness, headache, and fever. Subsequently, he developed apathy, ataxia, and inability to walk, and therefore was admitted to the hospital. Cerebrospinal fluid showed protein elevation (0.9 g/l) and pleocytosis (232/1 ul). A brain MRI showed hyperintense lesions in the middle of the corpus callosum. The patient was treated with antibiotics, and subsequently, in combination with steroids. Two months later, the hyperintense lesions in the splenium and the basal ganglia had disappeared. Almost seven months since his hospitalization in the Department of Neurology, the patient has returned to his previous employment. He now does not exhibit any mental changes, an optic edema and urological problems have improved. In addition, he is now actively engaged in sports. Conclusion: We have described a case of a 32-year-old man with confusion, ataxia, and inability to stand and walk. The man developed a febrile meningeal syndrome and a hyperintense lesion of the splenium, which lasted for two months. Neurological changes, optic nerve edema, and urinary retention have resolved over the course of seven months. We think that the prolonged but transient lesion of the splenium may have been caused by encephalitis of viral origin.
Dissolution behavior and cell compatibility of alkali-free MgO-CaO-SrO-TiO2-P2O5 glasses for biomedical applications
Authors: Lee Sungho , Obata Akiko , Brauer Delia S. , Kasuga Toshihiro
Published: December 2015

Owing to their controlled solubility, phosphate invert glasses are of interest for use as temporary implant materials or tissue engineering scaffolds for controlled ion release.MgO-CaO-SrO-TiO2-P2O5 invert glasses were prepared and their dissolution behavior and cell response were examined.MgO addition to the phosphate invert glass system improved glass formation, owing to the relatively large field strength of Mg2+ ions. In osteoblastlike MC3T3-E1 cell culture tests, cell numbers on the invert glasses were significantly larger compared with the control, possibly caused by the release of Mg2+ ions promoting enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity varied with glass composition, with higher strontium for calcium substitution (33 to 100%) showing highest ALP activity. This effect may be caused by the release of strontium ions from the glasses.
Radiometric receiving complex and ways to reduce the radiometric measurements error
Authors: Pylypenko A. M. , Sunduchkov I. K. , Chmil V. V. , Chmil V. M. , Yatsyk P. O.
Published: December 2015

The authors formulate criteria for building a structural scheme and developing design and technological solutions for a reception complex for full-power compensation radiometers. The paper presents the results of development of the reception complex within the framework of equipping small telescopes created according to the program VLDI2010.
Formation of Cu, Ag and Au nanofiims under the influence of hydrogen atoms
Authors: Zhavzharov E. L. , Matyushin V. M.
Published: December 2015

Due to their electrical properties, thin metallic films are widely used in modern micro- and nanoelectronics. These properties allow solving fundamental problems of surface and solid state physics. Up-to-date methods of producing thin films involve high vacuum or multi-stage processes, which calls for complicated equipment.
The authors propose an alternative method of producing thin metallic films using atomic hydrogen. Exothermal reaction of atoms recombination in a molecule (about 4.5 eV / recombination act) initiated on the solid surface by atomic hydrogen may stimulate local heating, spraying and surface atoms transfer.
We investigated the process of atomic hydrogen treatment of Cu, Ag and Au metal films, obtained by thermal vacuum evaporation. There are two methods of obtaining nanofilms using atomic hydrogen treatment: sputtering and vapor-phase epitaxy. In the first method, a film is formed by reducing the thickness of the starting film. This method allows obtaining a film as thick as the monolayer. In the second method, a nanofilm is formed by deposition of metal atoms from the vapor phase. This method allows obtaining a film thickness from monolayer to ~10 nm. These methods allow creating nanofilms with controlled parameters and metal thickness. Such films would be technologically pure and have good adhesion.
Concise gene signature for point‐of‐care classification of tuberculosis
Authors: Maertzdorf Jeroen , McEwen Gayle , Weiner January , Tian Song , Lader Eric , Schriek Ulrich , Mayanja‐Kizza Harriet , Ota Martin , Kenneth John , Kaufmann Stefan HE
Published: December 2015

There is an urgent need for new tools to combat the ongoing tuberculosis (TB) pandemic. Gene expression profiles based on blood signatures have proved useful in identifying genes that enable classification of TB patients, but have thus far been complex. Using real‐time PCR analysis, we evaluated the expression profiles from a large panel of genes in TB patients and healthy individuals in an Indian cohort. Classification models were built and validated for their capacity to discriminate samples from TB patients and controls within this cohort and on external independent gene expression datasets. A combination of only four genes distinguished TB patients from healthy individuals in both cross‐validations and on separate validation datasets with very high accuracy. An external validation on two distinct cohorts using a real‐time PCR setting confirmed the predictive power of this 4‐gene tool reaching sensitivity scores of 88% with a specificity of around 75%. Moreover, this gene signature demonstrated good classification power in HIV+ populations and also between TB and several other pulmonary diseases. Here we present proof of concept that our 4‐gene signature and the top classifier genes from our models provide excellent candidates for the development of molecular point‐of‐care TB diagnosis in endemic areas.
Patient-reported outcomes of parenteral somatostatin analogue injections in 195 patients with acromegaly
Authors: Strasburger Christian J , Karavitaki Niki , Störmann Sylvère , Trainer Peter J , Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka , Droste Michael , Korbonits Márta , Feldmann Berit , Zopf Kathrin , Sanderson Violet Fazal , Schwicker David , Gelbaum Dana , Haviv Asi , Bidlingmaier Martin , Biermasz Nienke R
Published: December 2015

Background

Long-acting somatostatin analogues delivered parenterally are the most widely used medical treatment in acromegaly. This patient-reported outcomes survey was designed to assess the impact of chronic injections on subjects with acromegaly.

Methods

The survey was conducted in nine pituitary centres in Germany, UK and The Netherlands. The questionnaire was developed by endocrinologists and covered aspects of acromegaly symptoms, injection-related manifestations, emotional and daily life impact, treatment satisfaction and unmet medical needs.

Results

In total, 195 patients participated, of which 112 (57%) were on octreotide (Sandostatin LAR) and 83 (43%) on lanreotide (Somatuline Depot). The majority (>70%) of patients reported acromegaly symptoms despite treatment. A total of 52% of patients reported that their symptoms worsen towards the end of the dosing interval. Administration site pain lasting up to a week following injection was the most frequently reported injection-related symptom (70% of patients). Other injection site reactions included nodules (38%), swelling (28%), bruising (16%), scar tissue (8%) and inflammation (7%). Injection burden was similar between octreotide and lanreotide. Only a minority of patients received injections at home (17%) and 5% were self-injecting. Over a third of patients indicated a feeling of loss of independence due to the injections, and 16% reported repeated work loss days. Despite the physical, emotional and daily life impact of injections, patients were satisfied with their treatment, yet reported that modifications that would offer major improvement over current care would be ‘avoiding injections’ and ‘better symptom control’.

Conclusion

Lifelong injections of long-acting somatostatin analogues have significant burden on the functioning, well-being and daily lives of patients with acromegaly.
Quantitative Trait Locus and Genetical Genomics Analysis Identifies Putatively Causal Genes for Fecundity and Brooding in the Chicken
Authors: Johnsson Martin , Jonsson Kenneth B , Andersson Leif , Jensen Per , Wright Dominic
Published: December 2015

Life history traits such as fecundity are important to evolution because they make up components of lifetime fitness. Due to their polygenic architectures, such traits are difficult to investigate with genetic mapping. Therefore, little is known about their molecular basis. One possible way toward finding the underlying genes is to map intermediary molecular phenotypes, such as gene expression traits. We set out to map candidate quantitative trait genes for egg fecundity in the chicken by combining quantitative trait locus mapping in an advanced intercross of wild by domestic chickens with expression quantitative trait locus mapping in the same birds. We measured individual egg fecundity in 232 intercross chickens in two consecutive trials, the second one aimed at measuring brooding. We found 12 loci for different aspects of egg fecundity. We then combined the genomic confidence intervals of these loci with expression quantitative trait loci from bone and hypothalamus in the same intercross. Overlaps between egg loci and expression loci, and trait–gene expression correlations identify 29 candidates from bone and five from hypothalamus. The candidate quantitative trait genes include fibroblast growth factor 1, and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins L42 and L32. In summary, we found putative quantitative trait genes for egg traits in the chicken that may have been affected by regulatory variants under chicken domestication. These represent, to the best of our knowledge, some of the first candidate genes identified by genome-wide mapping for life history traits in an avian species.
Formation of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Long Terminal Repeats of Retrotransposons inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Møller Henrik D , Larsen Camilla E , Parsons Lance , Hansen Anders Johannes , Regenberg Birgitte , Mourier Tobias
Published: December 2015

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) derived from chromosomal Ty retrotransposons in yeast can be generated in multiple ways. Ty eccDNA can arise from the circularization of extrachromosomal linear DNA during the transpositional life cycle of retrotransposons, or from circularization of genomic Ty DNA. Circularization may happen through nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) of long terminal repeats (LTRs) flanking Ty elements, by Ty autointegration, or by LTR–LTR recombination. By performing an in-depth investigation of sequence reads stemming from Ty eccDNAs obtained from populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c, we find that eccDNAs predominantly correspond to full-length Ty1 elements. Analyses of sequence junctions reveal no signs of NHEJ or autointegration events. We detect recombination junctions that are consistent with yeast Ty eccDNAs being generated through recombination events within the genome. This opens the possibility that retrotransposable elements could move around in the genome without an RNA intermediate directly through DNA circularization.
Notas sobre Chloraea undulata “Orquídea de Lima” y su registro en las lomas de Asia, Cañete, Perú
Authors: Lleellish Juscamayta Miguel
Published: December 2015

Chloraea undulata es una orquídea endémica del Perú. Originalmente colectada por Antonio Raimondi en el siglo XIX, fué reconocida como una especie característica de las lomas de Lima hasta mediados del siglo pasado. Desde entonces, la especie ha sido considerada desaparecida de las lomas costeras y especialmente del Cerro Amancaes, su localidad tipo, que hoy integra el casco urbano de la capital. En el presente trabajo, se documenta su presencia en las lomas de Asia 100 km al sur de Lima y se valora la importancia de este hallazgo para la conservación de la especie y su hábitat.
Nuevos registros de la liquenobiota del Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu, Perú
Authors: Nuñez-Zapata Jano , Divakar Pradeep K. , Huallparimachi Gladys , Holgado María E. , Vela Clavo Zoila , Pavlich Magdalena , Crespo Ana
Published: December 2015

Los líquenes (hongos liquenizados) son organismos que presentan una alta diversidad, especialmente en las regiones tropicales; sin embargo, en Perú su conocimiento aún es escaso. Utilizando una metodología convencional, así como literatura actualizada sobre la descripción de géneros y especies, se presenta una lista de los macro-líquenes presentes en el Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu (Cusco, Perú). Se reportan 67 especies de macro-líquenes, 9 de los cuales son nuevos registros para el Perú. Las familias Parmeliaceae, Physiciaceae y Lobariaceae son las que presentan mayor riqueza de especies en el área de estudio.
Contribución al conocimiento de los malófagos (Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Ischnocera) de aves peruanas. Parte 1
Authors: Gomez-Puerta Luis A. , Cribillero Nelly G.
Published: December 2015

En el presente trabajo se reporta nueve especies de malófagos colectados de aves peruanas. Dos malófagos Amblycera: Heteromenopon laticapitis y Menacanthus pici, así como siete malófagos Ischnocera: Alcedoffula theresae, Brueelia brunneinucha, Chelopistes meleagridis, Columbicola columbae, Paragoniocotes aratingae, Penenirmus jungens y Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) lari, fueron determinados mediante el diagnóstico morfológico. Se realiza una breve descripción de cada malófago, así como la discusión de sus hospederos y distribución.
A 24-Year Enzyme Replacement Therapy in an Adenosine-deaminase-Deficient Patient
Authors: Tartibi Hana M. , Hershfield Michael S. , Bahna Sami L.
Published: December 2015

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a fatal childhood disease unless immune reconstitution is performed early in life, with either hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or gene therapy. One of its subtypes is caused by adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme deficiency, which leads to the accumulation of toxic metabolites that impair lymphocyte development and function. With the development of polyethylene glycol–conjugated adenosine deaminase (PEG-ADA) enzyme replacement therapy, many ADA-deficient children with SCID who could not receive a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or gene therapy survived and had longer and healthier lives. We report a 24-year course of treatment in a patient who was diagnosed with ADA deficiency at 4 months of age. The patient was treated with PEG-ADA, which was the only therapy available for him. The patient’s plasma ADA level was regularly monitored and the PEG-ADA dose adjusted accordingly. This treatment has resulted in near-normalization of lymphocyte counts, and his clinical course has been associated with only minor to moderate infections. Thus far, he has had no manifestations of autoimmune or lymphoproliferative disorders. This patient is among the longest to be maintained on PEG-ADA enzyme replacement therapy.
Brain Based Teaching Model as Transformation of Learning Paradigm in Higher Education
Authors: Sesmiarni Zulfani
Published: December 2015

Brain -based teaching model is a new paradigm that can facilitate students in optimizing student learning by the functioning the brain as a whole. Lessons are held today assume that all students equally so that learning provide the same services to each student in the class. With this model, the students are given different stimulation according to their abilities and needs. Base on brain learning theory -based teaching, the learning should pay attention to the five needs of the brain in general. The fifth factor is the need for a sense of comfort, the need for interaction, the need for knowledge, the need for the activity and the need for self-reflection. All these needs will be connected if the lecturers able to present emotional learning, social learning, cognitive learning, physical learning and teaching reflection. Key Word : Instrucetional, Brain Based teaching, Learning.Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Interleukin-13 as an important cytokine: A review on its roles in some human diseases
Authors: Seyfizadeh Narges , Seyfizadeh Nayer , Gharibi Tohid , Babaloo Zohreh
Published: December 2015

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) as a pleiotropic cytokine acts through the IL-13Ra1/IL-4Ra complex to induce activation responses which contribute to the inflammatory diseases. Genetic polymorphisms in IL-13 and its receptor components have been proved to be associated with higher disease prevalence rates. Animal models such as in IL-13 deficient mice and transgenic animals also have been confirmed the critical role of this cytokine in the immune responses, mostly by IL-13 neutralization and IL-13/IL-4 dual neutralization strategies. This review highlights IL-13 structure as well as its pivotal roles in the normal physiologic and pathologic states. It is followed by a section on the recent findings on IL-13 receptors and signalling mechanisms to briefly summarize its functions in the immune systems. IL-13 roles in the human diseases such as asthma, systematic sclerosis, and some inflammatory diseases are described concisely. Finally some of the ongoing therapeutic applications are presented to comprehensively review IL-13 mediator roles.
Experimental design and Bayesian networks for enhancement of delta-endotoxin production by Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Ennouri Karim , Ayed Rayda Ben , Hassen Hanen Ben , Mazzarello Maura , Ottaviani Ennio
Published: December 2015

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive bacterium. The entomopathogenic activity of Bt is related to the existence of the crystal consisting of protoxins, also called delta-endotoxins. In order to optimize and explain the production of delta-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, we studied seven medium components: soybean meal, starch, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, FeSO4, MnSO4, and MgSO4 and their relationships with the concentration of delta-endotoxins using an experimental design (Plackett—Burman design) and Bayesian networks modelling. The effects of the ingredients of the culture medium on delta-endotoxins production were estimated. The developed model showed that different medium components are important for the Bacillus thuringiensis fermentation. The most important factors influenced the production of delta-endotoxins are FeSO4, K2HPO4, starch and soybean meal. Indeed, it was found that soybean meal, K2HPO4, KH2PO4 and starch also showed positive effect on the delta-endotoxins production. However, FeSO4 and MnSO4 expressed opposite effect. The developed model, based on Bayesian techniques, can automatically learn emerging models in data to serve in the prediction of delta-endotoxins concentrations. The constructed model in the present study implies that experimental design (Plackett—Burman design) joined with Bayesian networks method could be used for identification of effect variables on delta-endotoxins variation.
Three faces of recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) mutations
Authors: Patiroglu Turkan , Akar Himmet Haluk , Van Der Burg Mirjam
Published: December 2015

Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) is a group of genetic disorder associated with development of T- and/or B-lymphocytes. Recombination-activating genes (RAG1/2) play a critical role on VDJ recombination process that leads to the production of a broad T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire in the development of T and B cells. RAG1/2 genes mutations result in various forms of primary immunodeficiency, ranging from classic SCID to Omenn syndrome (OS) to atypical SCID with such as granuloma formation and autoimmunity. Herein, we reported 4 patients with RAG1 deficiency: classic SCID was seen in two patients who presented with recurrent pneumonia and chronic diarrhoea, and failure to thrive. OS was observed in one patient who presented with chronic diarrhoea, skin rash, recurrent lower respiratory infections, and atypical SCID was seen in one patient who presented with Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and had novel RAG1 mutation.
Low dietary zinc intake attenuates the efficacy of 2,4-thiazolidinedione on reducing hyperglycemia in db/db mice (Short communication)
Authors: Song Y-M , Hsu H-Y , Chen M-D
Published: December 2015

Zinc (Zn) has the potential of regulating the action of thiazolidinedione (TZD), an anti-diabetic drug. Since some diabetic patients cannot achieve optimal glycemic control when receiving TZD, we investigated if Zn deficiency affects TZD’s efficacy in glucose metabolism. Diabetic mice were fed diets containing 3 or 30 mg/kg Zn for 6 weeks. Thereafter, all mice were oral gavaged with 2,4-thiazolidinedione. Our results showed that blood glucose values at fasting and during the glucose tolerance test were significantly higher in low-Zn mice than those of adequate-Zn mice. Thus, low Zn intake may attenuate TZD’s efficacy on reducing diabetic hyperglycemia.
Lactation protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Shekarforoush S , Safari F
Published: December 2015

Some researchers have reported that lactation is effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether lactation may improve intrinsic tolerance against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 8 in each group). In the lactation (Lact) group, the surgery was performed on postpartum day 21 (at the end of lactation period) and the results were compared with those of virgin female rats (control group). Cardiac IR injury was induced by means of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. Infarct size was measured using the staining agent 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. At the end of the experiment, Mean arterial pressure in the control group was significantly lower than that in the Lact group. Myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced in the Lact group (23 ± 3% vs. 45 ± 8%, p < 0.05 in the control group). Lactation reduced the extent of myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion. So, lactation may increase cardiac tolerance to ischemic injury.
Correlation between erythropoietin serum levels and erythrocyte susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in elderly with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gradinaru D , Margina D , Ilie M , Borsa C , Ionescu C , Prada GI
Published: December 2015

Erythropoietin (EPO), a key hormone involved in red blood cell formation has been recently acknowledged for its pleiotropic actions and protective role in ageing and various pathological conditions concurrent with oxidative stress, vascular diseases and metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between circulating erythropoietin levels and oxidative stress biomarkers, in elderly with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The study was carried out in 67 subjects with T2DM (69 ± 5 years; n = 37) without anemia, and aged-matched controls (70 ± 6 years; n = 30). EPO serum levels, erythrocyte susceptibility to lipid peroxidation (ESP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated. Lower EPO levels (p < 0.01) and higher ESP values (p < 0.001) were found in T2DM group, compared to healthy subjects. EPO levels showed significant negative associations with ESP, both in T2DM subjects (r = −0.565; p < 0.001) and in all study population (r = –0,600; p < 0,001; n = 67). In conclusion, we provide new data regarding the cytoprotective effect of EPO exerted at systemic level on erythrocyte membrane, in the particular state of impaired glucose metabolism associated with oxidative stress, in the elderly.
Invazív neuromoduláció a gyógyszerrezisztens epilepsziák kezelésében
Authors: Erőss Loránd , Entz László , Fabó Dániel
Published: December 2015

Neuromodulation is one of the most developing new disciplines of medical science, which examines how electrical, chemical and mechanical interventions can modulate or change the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Neuromodulation is a reversible form of therapy which uses electrical or mechanical stimulation or centrally-delivered drugs to modulate the abnormal function of the central nervous system in pain, spasticity, epilepsy, movement and psychiatric disorders, and certain cardiac, incontinency, visual and auditory diseases. Neuromodulation therapy has two major branches. Non-invasive neuromodulation includes transcranial magnetic simulation, direct current stimulation and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation. Invasive neuromodulation includes deep brain stimulation, cortical stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, sacral nerve simulation, and subcutan stimulation. In this article the authors overview the apparently available neural interface technologies in epilepsy surgery. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(52), 2103–2109.
First record for Malawi of Kenrick’s Starling (Poeoptera kenricki Shelley, 1894) (Aves: Sturnidae)
Authors: Engel Joshua I. , Willard David , Kaliba Potiphar M. , Mazibuko Lovemore
Published: December 2015

We report on the first record of Kenrick’s Starling for Malawi. A flock of more than 150 birds was observed in the Misuku Hills in far northern Malawi; two individuals were collected for voucher specimens and deposited in museum collections.
Freshwater mussels of Catalão, confluence of Solimões and Negro rivers, state of Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Pimpão Daniel Mansur , Rocha Marcelo Salles , Fettuccia Daniela De Castro
Published: December 2015

The present study provides a species list of freshwater mussels from Catalão, the meeting of the Solimões and Negro rivers, in state of Amazonas, northern Brazil. Expeditions to collect molluscs were carried out between 2004 and 2006, during high and low water seasons. Three hundred and thirty-one bivalve shells, 25 valves, and 57 live specimens of four families and 10 species were identified. A single exotic species, Corbicula fluminea, represented over half the collected shells. All bivalve shells were photographed and registered at the mollusc collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus.
Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Osteocephalus leoniae: distribution extension
Authors: Chávez Germán , Medina-Müller Margarita , Pereyra Andrea
Published: December 2015

None
Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Anoura fistulata: distribution extension
Authors: Mantilla-Meluk Hugo , Baker Robert J.
Published: December 2015

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Insecta, Ephemeroptera: range extensions and new records for Ontario and Canada
Authors: McCafferty W. Patrick , Jacobus Luke M. , Webb Jeffrey M. , Meyer Michael D.
Published: December 2015

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Percepções de Tutores sobre as Competências Comportamentais
Authors: Tenório André , Gama Cláudio Oliveira da , Tenório Thaís
Published: December 2015

Competências comportamentais podem auxiliar o tutor a criar um ambiente acolhedor propício à aprendizagem a distância e a lidar melhor com o perfil discente heterogêneo, próprio dessa modalidade de ensino. Um grupo de dez tutores de cursos superiores a distância de instituições públicas ou privadas do estado do Rio de Janeiro respondeu a um questionário sobre características de personalidade e atitudes desejáveis nas relações profissionais com os alunos. Foram identificadas múltiplas qualidades pessoais do tutor consideradas benéficas ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para os pesquisados, ser comunicativo era o principal atributo de personalidade requerido de um tutor. Características ligadas à afetividade seriam secundárias. As atitudes profissionais dos tutores também foram perquiridas. A importância de ser organizado foi marcadamente enfatizada. O uso de uma linguagem escrita adequada na comunicação com alunos e a promoção de atividades para instigar a curiosidade e estimular a pesquisa configurariam também boas práticas a serem adotadas reiteradamente. Palavras-chave: Tutoria; Competências comportamentais; Personalidade. Perceptions of Tutors on Behavioral Skills AbstractBehavioral skills can help tutors to create an inviting virtual learning environment and to administrate heterogeneous student profile which is peculiar to the e-learning. Ten tutors of e-learning undergraduation degrees of public or private institutions of the Rio de Janeiro state answered a questionnaire about personality characteristics and desirable attitudes in professional relationships with students. Multiple tutor personal qualities considered beneficial to the teaching and learning process have been identified. Be communicative was pointed out by the interviewed as the main personal attribute required of a tutor. Socio-affective competences would be of less importance. Tutor professional attitudes were also investigated. The importance of being organized was emphasized. However, to use an adequate written language in messages for students and to promote activities to instigate curiosity and to stimulate research would be good professional strategies. Keywords: Tutoring; Behavioral skills; Personality.
As Novas Condições Sócio Técnicas para uma EaD 2.0
Authors: Nogueira Rubem Damião Soares
Published: December 2015

Este artigo apresenta algumas das novas características sociais e tecnológicas contemporâneas que têm ampliado o poder da comunicação e se tornaram, ao mesmo tempo, ferramentas na produção de bens e serviços. Elas dão qualidade aos procedimentos administrativos, às atividades produtivas e ao trabalho das organizações empresariais, tratando, especialmente, dessa potencialização no Ensino a Distância. Argumentamos também que tais características sócio técnicas contemporâneas têm produzido condições de se conceber um novo paradigma sobre o comportamento e o uso de tecnologias nas atividades de ensino e aprendizagem em ambientes virtuais. Serão aqui apresentados os conceitos de trabalho cooperativo apoiado por computador (Computer Support Cooperative Work - CSCW), Groupware, Modelo Cooperativo 3C, Web 2.0 e EaD 2.0, além da importância e usos desses conceitos no EaD.Palavras-chave: Trabalho Colaborativo/Cooperativo Apoiado por Computador; EaD; Modelo Cooperativo 3C; Web 2.0; EaD 2.0.The New Social and Technical Conditions for EAD 2.0AbstractThis article presents some new social and technological features that have expanded the power of communication and at the same time became tools in the production of goods and services. They give quality to administrative procedures, to productive activities, to the work of business organizations, and especially is this enhancement in the E-Learning. We also argue that such contemporary sociotechnical features have produced new conditions of developing a new paradigm on the behavior and the use of technology in teaching and learning activities in virtual environments. Concepts will be presented about Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), Groupware, 3C Model, its importance and uses in E-Learning, in addition to the concept of Web 2.0 and E-Learning 2.0.Keywords: Computer Supported Cooperative Work: CSCW; E-Learning; 3C cooperative Model; Web 2.0; E-Learning 2.0.
L’Affaire Marot-Sagon : Du conflit personnel à la controverse collective
Authors: Mueggler Nina
Published: December 2015

Cette contribution se propose d’examiner la controverse opposant Marot et Sagon dans les années 1530. L’établissement d’une typologie des invectives échangées nous permettra de révéler l’enjeu principal de l’affrontement, qui consiste à se (re)placer dans le champ littéraire. Il s’agira par ailleurs d’aborder la composante clanique de la controverse, le conflit Marot-Sagon incarnant manifestement une dimension communautaire : les auteurs se constituent des ligues de partisans (réels ou fictifs) regroupés dans plusieurs recueils collectifs contemporains. Il conviendra ainsi d’élucider les différentes tentatives d’annexion – ou d’exclusion – à un clan, et les stratégies rhétoriques que cela suppose.