bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conference Report: Challenging Construction Grammar: New Insights from Morphology (8–12 April 2024; Monte Verità, Switzerland)
Authors: Ruf Regina , Redmond Michael
Published: October 2024

As reflected in its title, this workshop, which took place from the eighth to the twelfth of April 2024 at Monte Verità, Ascona, Switzerland, focused on constructional perspectives in their application to morphology (Hoffmann & Trousdale 2013). As Construction Grammar has become an important theoretical framework within linguistics, it has been applied in morphological studies from both synchronic (e.g., Booij 2010; Jackendoff & Audring 2020) and diachronic perspectives (Hartmann 2019; Van Goethem & Norde 2020). Nevertheless, Construction Morphology is a comparatively young branch of Construction Grammar that poses many open questions and challenges. The questions that were asked within this workshop relate to the connection between morphology and Construction Grammar as a framework, the handling of phenomena situated at the interface of morphology and syntax, and how phenomena that are specific for the scope of morphology can be captured from a constructional point of view.
To address this issue, young and early career researchers were invited to present their current work. These contributions were complemented by the contributions of the invited plenary speakers Muriel Norde (Humboldt University of Berlin), Francesca Masini (University of Bologna), Livio Gaeta (University of Turin), Kristel Van Goethem (University of Louvain) and Steffen Höder (University of Kiel).
The workshop was organised by Elena Smirnova (University of Neuchâtel), Martin Hilpert (University of Neuchâtel) and Jenny Audring (University of Leiden), and made possible with the generous support of SCF (Congressi Stefano Franscini, https://csf.ethz.ch), the SNF (Swiss National Science Foundation, Programm Scientific Exchanges, Grant Nr IZSEZ0_221843) and the FLSH (Faculty of Arts and Humanities) of the University of Neuchâtel.
Gluconate solutions for nickel electrodeposition and nickel electroless plating
Authors: Afonin E. G.
Published: October 2024

Nickel electroplating has found a wide range of industrial applications as a technique for creating protective and decorative coatings of metallic and non-metallic surfaces, protecting materials against corrosion at elevated temperatures in both alkaline environments and organic acid solutions, forming a sublayer for obtaining coatings of other metals on steel, enhancing the hardness and wear resistance of surfaces, as well as for improving solderability. Such coatings can be obtained from weakly acidic aqueous and weakly alkaline complex electrolytes. In this review, we analyze the available literature on complexation of nickel(+2) with D-gluconate ion CH2OH(CHOH)4COO‾, along with that on compositions and some technological characteristics of complex D-gluconate solutions for nickel electrodeposition and electroless plating. Thus, a corrosion-resistant smooth light-colored nickel coating, tightly adhered to a copper substrate, was obtained from an electrolyte with a pH level of 8, containing 53 g/dm3 of NiSO4 •6H2O, 44 g/dm3 of D-C6H11O7Na, 25 g/dm3 of H3BO3, 53 g/dm3 of (NH4)2SO4, and 0.5–3 g/dm3 of CO(NH2)2, at a temperature of 25 °C, a cathodic current density of 2.5 A/dm2 with a current efficiency of 96.4%. An electroless Ni-P(3–18 wt%) alloy coating on copper was obtained from a solution with a pH level of 9, containing 5–30 g/dm3  of NiSO4 •6H2O, 10–60 g/dm3 of D-C6H11O7Na, 5–40 g/dm3   of NaH2PO2 •H2O, 3 g/dm3   of HOOCCH2CH2COOH, 0.5 g/dm3   of CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na, 0.002 g/dm3 of Pb(CH3COO)2•3H2O, at a temperature of 90 °C and a deposition rate of up to 0.75 μm/min. The review also discusses methods for preparing D-gluconate electrolytes for nickel plating using sodium D-gluconate, D-glucono-1,5-lactone, and nickel D-gluconate. One advantage of D-gluconate nickel plating solutions consists in the absence of toxicity and low cost of D-gluconates.
Storage stability of phycobiliproteins in a hydroalcoholic solution evaluated by an optical method
Authors: Gudvilovich I. N. , Borovkov A. B.
Published: October 2024

The aim was to evaluate the stability of pigments of the phycobiliprotein group extracted from the biomass of the Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis cyanobacterium and the Porphyridium purpureum red microalgae. Water extracts of phycobiliproteins were obtained following a double freezing of the raw biomass of Arthrospira platensis and Porphyridium purpureum. An extraction was carried out with a phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH = 7) in the cold (5 °C) for 24 hours. To the extracts obtained, 96% ethanol was added until its concentration in the solution was 20%. The hydroalcoholic extracts of phycobiliproteins were stored for three months. Pigment concentrations were monitored by an optical method. The allophycocyanin pigment demonstrated the highest storage stability. The highest degradation rate of phycobiliproteins was observed during their storage in the light at room temperature. The degradation rate of pigments under these conditions was 9and 80-fold higher (for B-phycoerythrin and C-phycocyanin, respectively) than similar indices during their storage in the dark and in the cold. C-phycocyanin was the least stable, compared to other studied phycobiliproteins. Its degradation rate under all storage options was 5to 10-fold higher than that of B-phycoerythrin under similar conditions. An essential conservation requirement for C-phycocyanin and β-phycoerythrin in hydroalcoholic solutions was the absence of light. For C-phycocyanin, a low temperature was necessary as well. Storage of B-phycoerythrin in the dark at room temperature is acceptable. These conditions can ensure the conservation of up to 86% of pigments in hydroalcoholic solutions for 25–30 days.
Study on thermal decomposition and enrichment quality of coal from Mogoin gol deposit in Mongolia
Authors: Batkhishig D. , Shagjjav E. , Batbileg S. , Ankhtuya A. , Purevsuren B.
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal stability and the mechanism of thermal decomposition of Mogoin gol coal, the possibility of liquefaction by pyrolysis and thermolysis, and the possibility of enriching by heavy liquids to reduce the mineral content of coal and improve its quality. Under this purpose, The Mogoin gol coal was characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, thermogravimetry, and investigated its thermal decomposition (thermolysis and pyrolysis). Thermogravimetric analysis was performed using Japanese HITACHI TG/DTA7300 instrument and pyrolysis investigation was carried out at different heating temperatures 200–700 °C with constant heating rate 20 °C/min for 80 min. On the basis of proximate and elemental analysis results, it has been indicated that the Mogoin gol coal is high-rank coking coal. The pyrolysis of Mogoin gol coal was studied by SNOL furnace at different heating temperatures and obtained from pyrolysis products such as hard residue, tar, pyrolytic water, and gas. From pyrolysis, the yield of pyrolysis tar (6.28%) was highest at 700 °C. The experiment of thermal decomposition (thermolysis) was carried out in air closed autoclave at 350–450 °C and using hydrogen donor solvent (tetraline) with different mass ratios of coal and solvent (1:1.75; 1:1.5). In the thermolysis experiment, the yield of liquid product is highest with the coal: solvent ratio of 1:1.5 at 450 °C.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of highly concentrated substrates obtained from Miscanthus giganteus
Authors: Skiba E. A. , Kashcheyeva E. I. , Zolotukhin V. N. , Kukhlenko A. A.
Published: October 2024

This work is the first to study the enzymatic hydrolysis of four types of substrates obtained from Miscanthus giganteus of the KAMIS variety of Russian breeding. The study was conducting using the authors’ methodology based on a chemical pretreatment of substrates at atmospheric pressure with HNO3 and NaOH dilute solutions. A one-stage pretreatment of Miscanthus giganteus allows the polysaccharide content to be increased up to 90.4–90.8%, compared to 98.3–99.4% following a two-stage treatment. The experimental results of enzymatic hydrolysis of the four obtained substrates in the range of initial concentrations from 30 to 120 g/l are approximated using fractal kinetics approaches. An increase in the initial substrate concentrations in the specified range leads to an increase in the initial hydrolysis rate by 2.8–3.3 times and a decrease in the yield of reducing sugars by 12.4–13.1%. All four pretreatment types turned out to be extremely effective for Miscanthus giganteus, ensuring an increase in the reactivity to enzymatic hydrolysis by 34–36 times compared to the starting raw material. Lowered yields of reducing sugars are observed during enzymatic hydrolysis of the alkaline delignification product of Miscanthus giganteus, which is associated with the resistance of Miscanthus giganteus to treatment with sodium hydroxide. An increase in the initial concentration of substrates from 60 to 90 g/l does not lead to a significant decrease in the yield of reducing sugars. Therefore, enzymatic hydrolysis of highly concentrated substrates can be successfully used to produce biofuels and biochemicals.
Influence of physicochemical factors on the specific activity of proteases used in cheesemaking biotechnology
Authors: Sturova Yu. G. , Grishkova A. V. , Konshin V. V. , Prosekov A. Yu.
Published: October 2024

The formation of a clot under the influence of proteolytic enzymes is an essential stage in cheesemaking technology. Depending on their composition, milk-clotting enzyme preparations have a different effect on the quality characteristics of the clot, whey separation, and yield of the finished product. At present, the Russian market offers a wide range of domestic and imported milk-clotting enzyme preparations. In this connection, the choice of a milk coagulant by cheese makers should be carried out in accordance with the cheese group produced by the enterprise. The milk-clotting activity of enzyme preparations depends not only on the active acidity of the mixture, but also on the temperature of the solution used to obtain them. It is the solution temperature that has a determining effect on the duration of the coagulation process and, therefore, the quality of the formed clot. Research into the specific activity of milk-clotting enzyme preparations, obtained in a working solution with different active acidity (pH from 4.0 to 8.0), showed their milk-clotting activity to decrease significantly upon pH shifting to the alkaline region. Application of solutions with a pH of 4.0 led to an increase in the milk-clotting activity of bovine pepsin, VNIIMS SG-50 rennet-bovine preparation, and rennet enzyme by 94, 72, and 36%, respectively, relative to the control. Bovine pepsin demonstrated the highest sensitivity to fluctuations in active acidity. A study into the effect of substrate temperature in the range from 30 to 40 °C established rennet to be the most sensitive preparation to temperature changes. It is concluded that a properly selected enzyme composition is an effective means for affecting the quality of cheese products.
Nanostructured materials as hazardous wastewater micropullutants: Sources, behavior, and impact on functional bacterial community of activated sludge
Authors: Strekalovskaya E. I. , Sipkina E. I.
Published: October 2024

Unique properties of nanoscale materials make them attractive for industrial, medical, agricultural, and environmental applications. Nevertheless, the release of nanoparticles into the environment is a major concern due to the lack of knowledge about their behavior in the environment and potential widespread environmental impacts. On the one hand, nanomaterials are perceived as pollutants that may affect activated sludge microorganisms and, consequently, the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes. On the other hand, some nanomaterials can be intentionally added to activated sludge systems to improve their performance in terms of, e.g., sludge settling and removing heavy metals or organic pollutants. As a result, nanoparticles are frequently accumulated in wastewater, which is considered to be a major source of nanoparticle release to the surrounding environment. Processes that involve the action of activated sludge are used worldwide in wastewater treatment plants due to their excellent capacity of removing nutrients, degrading toxins, and retaining biomass. High concentrations of nanoparticles entering activated sludge systems can affect their growth and metabolism. The research studies, which are reviewed in the present article, show that nanoparticles significantly reduce the relative abundance of the activated sludge microbial community associated with nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. The knowledge about the structure of the activated sludge microbial community with an assessment of nanomaterial toxicity can contribute to optimizing the sludge population and improving the performance of wastewater treatment plants.
Finite-size corrections to the energy spectra of gapless one-dimensional systems in the presence of boundaries
Authors: Liu Yifan , Shimizu Haruki , Ueda Atsushi , Oshikawa Masaki
Published: October 2024

We present the finite-size scaling theory of one-dimensional quantum critical systems in the presence of boundaries. While the finite-size spectrum in the conformal limit, namely of a conformal field theory with conformally invariant boundary conditions, is related to the dimensions of boundary operators by Cardy, the actual spectra of lattice models are affected by both bulk and boundary perturbations and contain non-universal boundary energies. We obtain a general expression of the finite-size energy levels in the presence of bulk and boundary perturbations. In particular, a generic boundary perturbation related to the energy-momentum tensor gives rise to a renormalization of the effective system size. We verify our field-theory formulation by comparing the results with the exact solution of the critical transverse-field Ising chain and with accurate numerical results on the critical three-state Potts chain obtained by Density-Matrix Renormalization Group.
O CUBISMO À LUZ DA FILOSOFIA BERGSONIANA
Authors: Pinel Dimitrio Joviano
Published: October 2024

Período importante e decisivo da história da arte na Europa, principalmente na França. Paris, capital do luxo e do entretenimento – A Belle époque – surge o estilo denominado por Guillaume Apollinaire, em 1911, de Cubismo, trazendo à tona uma nova forma de representação. Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar a carreira do artista catalão Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) e o francês Georges Braque (1882-1963). Suas trajetórias, o conceito de suas obras e os aspectos particulares com relação ao contato com o marchand e responsável pelo “Mecenato moderno” – Daniel-Henry Kanhweiler (1884-1979). Portanto, para esse fim, analisaremos o conceito do cubismo, com base a estabelecer um paralelo com a filosofia, e com os textos de Henri Bergson (1859-1941). Bem como, sua corrente filosófica, e o conceito de duração.
Composition Analysis of Cocoa Butter by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Bredikhin Sergey , Andreev Vladimir , Nazarova Anastasia , Korotkiy Igor
Published: October 2024

Consumer properties of chocolate depend largely on the quality of cocoa butter, which affects the technological processes of chocolate production. This article introduces a new method of calorimetry-based mathematical modeling applied to polymorphic forms of cocoa butter.
The authors studied various samples of cocoa butter from different manufacturers using the method of differential scanning calorimetry. The results of experimental studies were processed as a Gaussian distribution.
The new method of cocoa butter quality assessment relied on experimental data processed as distribution dependencies of polymorphic cocoa butter forms. The latter were identified as follows: 1) a low-melting form (10–18 °C); 2) polymorphic form α (17–24 °C); 3) metastable form β' (27–29 °C); 4) polymorphic form β (28–30 °C). The authors also calculated the proportion of polymorphic forms of cocoa butter according to their melting point.
The method facilitated the quality assessment of cocoa butter, which renders good prospects for the chocolate industry.
Biologically Active Dairy Protein Hydrolysates and Their Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes: Biotechnological Aspects of Production
Authors: Halavach Tatsiana , Lovkis Zenon , Kurchenko Vladimir , Yantsevich Aleksei , Tarun Ekaterina , Dudchik Natalia , Rzhepakovsky Igor , Lodygin Aleksei
Published: October 2024

Enzymatic hydrolysis of dairy proteins increases their nutritional and biological value while reducing their allergenic potential. The subsequent complexation of peptides with cyclodextrins (CDs) reduces the bitterness of the hydrolyzed proteins. The research objective was to obtain hydrolysates of whey proteins and their cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with peptides, as well as to describe the peptide composition of the cleaved dairy proteins, biological activity, and sensory profile of the hydrolysates and inclusion complexes.
The research featured enzymatic whey protein hydrolysates with an extensive hydrolysis degree and their inclusion complexes with β- and γ-CDs. Dairy proteins were hydrolyzed with alcalase, and the hydrolysates obtained were subjected to micro- and ultrafiltration (cut-off limit – 10 kDa). The peptide composition of the hydrolyzed proteins was determined by the methods of high-performance liquid chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimutagenic activity was evaluated using the Ames test whereas the antibacterial effect was studied with the impedimetric method. The antioxidant activity was detected with fluorimetry and spectrophotometry. The method of competitive enzyme immunoassay was applied to reveal the antigenic properties. The bitterness of the experimental sample s was determined by a sensory evaluation.
The research delivered the optimal modes for whey protein cleavage with alcalase that made it possible to achieve efficient micro- and ultrafiltration. The resulting hypoallergenic peptide fractions and their inclusion complexes with β- and γ-CDs possessed antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimutagenic properties. The whey proteolysis and subsequent filtration with/without tindalization demonstrated a 265/589-fold decrease in the residual antigenicity. The fluorimetric method showed a 1.79/1.90-fold increase in the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate in complexes with β- and γ-CDs. Binding of β-CDs to peptides enhanced their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The hydrolysate samples with β-CDs showed less bitterness.
Whey proteolysis with alcalase under optimized conditions and subsequent fractionation resulted in a product with high consumer qualities. Enzymatic hydrolysates of dairy proteins and their CD inclusion complexes were able to substitute native protein components. Their bioactive properties, good taste, and low allergenic potential mean good prospects for the functional food industry.
Light Stable Isotopes and Their Ratios in Honey Components
Authors: Oganesyants Lev , Panasyuk Alexander , Sviridov Dmitry , Ganin Mikhail , Schilkin Alexei , Serebryakova Oksana
Published: October 2024

Honey possesses excellent sensory and nutritional properties, which makes it a valuable food ingredient. However, the same qualities make it one of the most often adulterated products in the world. Constant violations of processing technology threaten the beekeeping industry. In this regard, new authenticity criteria are a popular area of honey studies. The article introduces a method for establishing ratios of light stable isotopes in honey.
The study featured 36 samples of honey of various geographical origins and botanical profiles, as well as five samples of sugar syrups from various raw materials. The quantitative profiles were obtained using a Delta Advantage V isotope mass spectrometer (USA – Germany) with additional Flash IRMS and Conflo IV modules.
The experiment involved the ratios of stable carbon isotopes in honey δ13C (gross) and nitrogen δ15N in its protein fraction, as well as the values of δ13C, δ18O, and δ2H of ethanol isolated from fermented honey. The values of δ13C (gross) and δ13C of honey proteins made it possible to calculate the amount of added sugar of corn and cane origin. Exogenous sugars in the amounts of 6.5% and 18% cane sugar were detected in two samples.
Isotope mass spectrometry was able to identify honey samples with exogenous sugars of C4-plant origin. However, the method failed to detect sugar-containing substances from C3-type plants. The δ18O index demonstrated some prospects as an identification criterion for sugars from C3-plants in honey. Nitrogen isotope ratios in honey proteins proved to be an efficient tool for determining honey authenticity and an additional criterion for identifying bee products. The research resulted in a patent (RU2809285C1) for a new method of determining exogenous sugar-containing substances in honey
New Technology of Bakery Products of Whole-Ground Spelt Flour
Authors: Kandrokov Roman , Yurchenko Tatyana , Rumyantseva Valentina
Published: October 2024

Spelt flour is rich in protein and adds nutritional value to bakery products, thus rendering them qualities of functional foods. The article introduces a new technology for preparing functional puff pastry with whole-grain spelt flour.
The research featured yeast and yeast-free puff pastries made of whole-grain spelt flour. The samples obtained were analyzed with standard methods of sensory and physicochemical research and covered such variables as moisture content, acidity, quantity and quality of gluten, and falling number.
The optimal share of whole-grain spelt flour amounted to 30% of total flour. The quality indicators met State Standard GOST 9511-80. The experiments made it possible to obtain the optimal formulations and technologies for yeast and yeastfree whole-grain spelt puff pastries with added nutritional value. The chemical composition and energy value per 100 g of finished product were determined by calculation. In the yeast puff pastry, adding 30% whole-grain spelt flour raised the protein content by 32.3%, carbohydrates by 31.7%, dietary fiber by 63.0%, and minerals by 43.2%. The fat increased only slightly, i.e., by 1.6%. In the yeast-free puff pastry, adding 30% whole-grain spelt flour raised the protein content by 13.5%, carbohydrates by 23.3%, dietary fiber by 3.6%, and minerals by 21.6%. The fat increase was also insignificant (2.5%).
Whole-grain spelt flour proved able to expand the range of fortified puff pastries. The new yeast-free functional puff pastry demonstrated better consumer characteristics than the experimental sample with yeast.
Agricultural Marketing in Small and Micro Businesses: An Integrated Approach to Infrastructural Development
Authors: Gritsenko Galina
Published: October 2024

Small and private subsidiary farms are important members of agricultural community. However, they still lack good infrastructure to market their products because they remain beyond the scope of state interest. The agricultural infrastructure in its present condition neither gives farmers access to co-financing nor allows them to shape the list of services they need.
The research featured program documents issued by the Government of the Russian Federation that determine the development of wholesale food markets and aggregators of farm produce. The author generalized the experience of retail chains and agricultural consumer marketing cooperatives, as well as studied the cases of small rural businesses merging into marketing cooperatives in agricultural regions. The bibliographic study covered best foreign practices in shaping infrastructure for small farm produce, which were compared with Russian experience. The author also developed an abstract-logical method of establishing the interaction between stakeholders in a new system of farm produce aggregators.
In this research, agricultural regions demonstrated the most acute problems in small business marketing. A good system of agricultural infrastructure supports production in all sectors of small business with growth potential. Today, small businesses are alone in organizing their own sales as wholesale distribution centers are not available to them. These centers work with small suppliers through intermediaries, i.e., aggregators. In the Kemerovo Region, an example of such aggregators is the one created on corporate principles between the Magnit retail chain and the Kalina-Malina agricultural consumer marketing cooperative. The experience demonstrated some advantages and disadvantages.
The article introduces conditions for successful financial relations in commodity circulation chains in different distribution systems, including farmers, aggregators, and wholesale distribution centers. This approach reduces prices on consumer markets while increasing the efficiency of small farms.
Optimal Design and Analysis of High-Frequency Isolation Transformer for Switched-Mode Power Converters
Authors: Yavuzdeğer Abdurrahman , Esenboğa Burak , Demirdelen Tuğçe
Published: October 2024

High-frequency (HF) transformers have gained great interest in recent years due to the advent of powerful soft magnetic materials with low core loss in semiconductor power switches. Also, the optimal design of the HF transformer is a significant issue for high-performance energy conversion systems. In this paper, a 40W 50/12.5/25 V universal input and two output discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) flyback transformer is designed by using mathematical calculations and analyzed via 3D ANSYS/Maxwell simulation including electromagnetic and loss analysis. It is shown that the simulation results accounting for hysteresis losses, eddy current losses, copper losses, and magnetic flux density determine the accuracy of the mathematical model calculation. Analyzes are performed at 100 kHz frequency levels. Results obtained will include core magnetic flux density, core/copper losses, leakage/magnetizing inductances, windings parasitic capacitances, input/output voltage, current values, and all design parameters. Finally, the proposed HF transformer's overall efficiency is calculated and presented. Significantly, the HF transformer achieves 97.8% efficiency thanks to the transformer's core and coil selection, B-H and B-P characteristics, one-to-one dimension design, and mesh operation. The dynamic and mathematical results of the designed transformer demonstrate the design and efficiency success
Investigation of The Effect of CNC Milling Cutting Process on The Tensile Test of PLA Samples Produced Using Two Different 3D Printers with The FDM Method
Authors: Kamer Muhammed Safa , Uzay Çağrı
Published: October 2024

One of the most commonly used materials in additive manufacturing with the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method is polylactic acid (PLA) filaments. In 3-dimensional (3D) printed products, an external wall is also used in addition to the internal structure pattern. The exterior wall pattern differs from the interior structure pattern. The 3D products obtained by this method contain two different pattern structures, which is not desired when determining the mechanical properties. In this study, tensile test specimens were produced with two different 3D printers using 1.75 mm and 2.85 mm diameter PLA filaments. Some tensile test specimens were directly produced in ASTM D638-14 Type 1 dimensions and subjected to tensile testing. The rest of the specimens were produced in a rectangular shape with 19 mm x 165 mm dimensions and the side edges of those specimens, produced in rectangular shape, were cut with CNC milling to bring their dimensions to ASTM D638-14 Type 1. All tensile test specimens were manufactured with a thickness of 4 mm. The test specimens cut with CNC milling after 3D printing were compared with the specimens tested only by 3D printing. The effects of CNC milling cutting on the tensile test properties of specimens produced on two different 3D printers using 1.75 mm and 2.85 mm diameter PLA filaments were investigated. Consequently, it was observed that cutting the side edges with CNC milling eliminated irregularities caused by 3D printing due to the tensile stress in those areas and allowed for more regular and consistent fractures of test specimens. When compared with only the 3D-printed specimens, the elongation at break of the tensile test specimens whose side edges were cut with CNC milling resulted in 13.45% and 33.55% higher using 1.75 mm and 2.85 mm PLA filaments, respectively. It was determined that the toughness of the samples cut by CNC milling was higher than the test samples that were only 3D printed.
Borlanmış AISI H11 Takım Çeliğinin Kaplama Özellikleri ve Korozyon Oranının Makine Öğrenmesi Temelli Modellenmesi
Authors: Çavdar Faruk , Günen Ali , Sert Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Yüksek sertlik, aşınma ve korozyon direncinde önemli ölçüde artışlar sağlaması nedeniyle borlama işlemi kullanılan en yaygın termokimyasal kaplama işlemlerinden birisidir. Bu çalışmada sıcak iş takım çeliklerinden AISI H11 malzemenin kutu borlama tekniğiyle borlanmasında işlem sıcaklığı ve süresinin kaplama kalınlığı, yüzey pürüzlülüğü, sertliği ve korozyon oranına etkisi makine öğrenmesi yöntemleriyle modellenmiş ve incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında çoklu doğrusal, K en yakın komşu, destek vektör makinesi, karar ağacı, rastgele orman ve ekstrem eğim arttırma regresyon algoritmaları ile modeller oluşturulmuş ve bu modellerin performansları R2, ortalama mutlak hata ve ortalama kare hatası kriterleri kullanılarak kıyaslanmıştır. Kaplama tabakası kalınlık ve sertlikleri işlem sıcaklığı ve süresi ile artmaktadır. Diğer yandan bu özellikleri üzerinde borlama sıcaklığı süreye göre daha etkilidir. Regresyon modeli sonuçları incelendiğinde kaplama parametrelerinin kaplama kalınlığına ve pürüzlülüğe olan etkilerinin birleşerek korozyon oranı üzerinde kümülatif bir etkiye dönüştüğü görülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda AISI H11 çeliğinin borlanmasında korozyon direnci için optimum parametre değerlerinin 1000 °C ve 2,2 saat olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
An Evidential Mask Transformer for Left Atrium Segmentation
Authors: Uslu Fatmatülzehra
Published: October 2024

The segmentation of the left atrium (LA) is required to calculate the clinical parameters of the LA, to identify diseases related to its remodeling. Generally, convolutional networks have been used for this task. However, their performance may be limited as a result of the use of local convolution operations for feature extraction. Also, such models usually need extra steps to provide uncertainty maps such as multiple forward passes for Monte Carlo dropouts or training multiple models for ensemble learning. To address these issues, we adapt mask transformers for LA segmentation which effectively use both local and global information, and train them with evidential learning to generate uncertainty maps from the learned Dirichlet distribution, with a single forward pass. We validated our approach on the STACOM 2013 dataset and found that our method can produce better segmentation performance than baseline models, and can identify locations our model’s responses are not trustable.
Beton Yüzey Çatlaklarının YOLOv8 Derin Öğrenme Algoritması ile Tespit Edilmesi
Authors: Altun Muhammet Gökhan , Altun Ahmet Hakan
Published: October 2024

Beton kullanım ömrü boyunca takip edilmeli, varsa hasarlar tespit edilmeli ve gerekli işlemler zamanında yapılmalıdır. Bundan dolayı doğru zamanda doğru tespit betonun dayanıklılığı açısından oldukça önemlidir. Çatlaklar, betonarme yapıların zarar gördüğünün en erken sinyalleridir. Türkiye gibi deprem riski yüksek bölgelerde yapıların dayanıklılığı ve güvenliği açısından çatlakların erken tespiti hayati öneme sahiptir. Çatlakları manuel olarak tespit etmek genellikle zaman, işgücü, maliyet, yüksek hata olasılığı ve uygulamadaki zorluklar açısından oldukça dezavantajlıdır. Manuel tespite alternatif olarak görüntü işleme teknikleri, makine öğrenmesi ve derin öğrenme tabanlı algoritmaların bu alanda kullanımı yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi kampüsündeki farklı binalardan elde edilen görüntülerden oluşan METU veri kümesi kullanılarak beton yüzeyindeki çatlakların görüntü işleme yöntemi ile tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veri kümesinden 550 adet örnek görüntü seçilmiş olup bu görüntülerin 500 adedi pozitif, kalan 50 adedi ise negatif görüntüden oluşmaktadır. Veri seti çeşitli veri artırma teknikleri ile 1330 örneğe genişletilmiştir. Veri seti %88 eğitim, %8 doğrulama, %4 test kümesi olarak bölünmüştür. Sonuç olarak 1170 adet görüntü eğitim, 105 adet görüntü doğrulama ve 55 adet görüntü ise test için kullanılmıştır. Eğitim işlemi Google Colab ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Model olarak YOLO serisinden YOLOv8 modeli kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre modelin çatlak tahminlerinde çok az yanlış pozitif sonuç verdiği ve farklı sınıfları ayırt etmede yüksek başarı gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Time Series Installed Capacity Forecasting with Deep Learning Approach for Türkiye
Authors: Altıparmak Zeynep , Aksu İnayet Özge
Published: October 2024

Deep learning methods have been developed to solve different problems due to the complex nature of real-world problems. Accurate future forecasting of a country's installed capacity is also crucial for developing a good energy sustainability strategy for the country. In this paper, three different time series forecasting methods are used for forward forecasting of installed capacity: Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Installed power values for the years 1923-2021 were used in the study. Then, future forecasts are made until 2030. The GRU model achieved the best RMSE in the testing phase compared to the LSTM and CNN models. Although CNN is successful during training, it has a higher RMSE during testing compared to GRU. While all models predict a potential increase in electricity capacity by 2030, GRU and LSTM predict a more significant increase up to this point compared to CNN.
Farklı Kesit Geometrilerine Sahip İnce Duvarlı Sac Metal Çarpışma Kutularının Darbe Performanslarının Nümerik İncelenmesi
Authors: Doğan Oğuz , Kamer Muhammed Safa
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada, farklı kesit geometrilerine sahip ince duvarlı sac metalden tasarlanan çarpışma kutularının darbe performansları nümerik olarak incelenmiştir. Öncelikle eşit kesit alanı ve boya sahip beş farklı kesit geometrisinde (kare, daire, üçgen, beşgen, altıgen) çarpışma kutuları tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan çarpışma kutuları, darbe simülasyonlarının gerçekleştirilebilmesi için ANSYS Workbench programına aktarılmıştır. Darbe analizleri 400 kg’lık bir kütlenin 10 m/s hızla çarpışma kutularına çarptırılmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Darbe analizleri sonucunda çarpışma kutularında meydana gelen maksimum kuvvet, sönümlenen enerji miktarı ve farklı darbe indikatörleri incelenerek en iyi kesit geometrisi belirlenmiştir. Darbe analiz sonuçlarına göre en yüksek darbe kuvveti ve sönümlenen enerji miktarı daire kesite sahip çarpışma kutularında elde edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan en düşük darbe kuvveti ve sönümlenen enerji miktarı üçgen kesite sahip çarpışma kutularında görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak kesitteki kenar sayısı artışı ile birlikte yapının enerji sönümleme kabiliyetinin de arttığı tespit edilmiştir.
Investigation of Surface Flow Behaviors on Wing Model Made of Different Airfoils
Authors: Tangöz Selim
Published: October 2024

This article is focused on the flow behavior observed using the surface oil visualization method on a wing model consisting of four airfoils. In this way, it is aimed to contribute to the insufficient number of literature studies in which flow behaviors are examined by visualization in the wing model consisting of different profiles. The flow behaviors on the surface of the wing and the surface of airfoils forming the wing are presented at three different Reynolds numbers (2x105, 3x105 and 4x105) and a range of distinct attack angles ranging from 0 to 40 degrees. The tests were applied in a low-speed wind tunnel. After the surface imaging experiments, separation point, reattachment point, and bubble length values reflecting flow behavior were measured for the wing and each airfoils. The flow on surface was trying to transition from laminar to turbulent at angles of attack between 0-16 degrees and the turbulent flow attempted to spread or reattach over the entire surface at between 24-40 degrees. Increasing of the angle of attack and Reynolds number led to reducing the x/c values numerically, weakening the surface separation bubble, and inducing it to shift towards the leading edge. In terms of x/c value, the wing model generally follows a trend close to airfoil B at 0 and 8 degrees and close to airfoil A at 16 degrees. Additionally, the flow behaviors on the wing model are similar to airfoils A and B in terms of the flow phenomena.
Kiremit Tozu ve Biyopolimerle İyileştirilmiş Kil Zeminin Mukavemet Parametrelerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Özbahçeci Gökdeniz İlkim , Bağrıaçık Baki
Published: October 2024

Tarih boyunca insanların çeşitli temel ihtiyaçları bulunmaktadır. Bu ihtiyaçlar biz insanlar için hayati öneme sahiptir. İnşaat mühendisliği alanını ilgilendiren bölümü ise barınma problemine dayanmaktadır. İnşaat mühendisliğinin bir alt disiplini olan geoteknik alanı ise hızla tükenen inşaat sahaları, verimli arazilerin imara açılması ile var olan alanları değerlendirme konusunda sorumluluk altındadır. Var olan alanlar genellikle bir yapıyı iyileştirme olmaksızın taşıma kapasitesine sahip değillerdir. Bu nedenle zeminlerin iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu tip zeminleri iyileştirme amacı ile uygulanan birçok yöntem bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda en çok popüler olan yöntem atık madde ya da farklı maddeler kullanarak zeminin var olan mühendislik özelliklerini iyileştirmektir. Bu çalışmada inşaat alanlarından toplanmış kırık kiremit tozları ve biyopolimer olan Akasya Zamkı kullanılmıştır. Bu amaç ile doğal kil zeminin öncelikle endeks özellikleri belirlenmiş daha sonra ise zemine farklı yüzdeler de bu maddeler karıştırılarak serbest basınç deneyleri uygulanmıştır. Sonrasında ise zeminin donma-çözülme davranışını incelemek için 1, 3, 5 ve 10 döngü sonrası serbest basınç deneyi yapılmıştır. Donma-çözülme öncesi ve sonrası mukavemet parametreleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak kiremit tozu ve biyopolimerin birlikte ve ayrı olarak kil zeminin dayanımını artırdığı, donma-çözülme sonrası ise kiremit tozu ve biyopolimer içeren kil zeminin dayanıma olumlu yönde katkı sağladığı görülmüştür.
Design of Novel Imidazole Derivatives as Potential Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors using Molecular Docking and Dynamics Strategies
Authors: Chandra Priyanka , Ganguly Swastika , Deb Pran Kishore , Ghosh Manik
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become an epidemic causing Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) consists of Nucleoside
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIS), Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NtRTIS), and
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIS) with HIV Protease Inhibitors (HIV PIs). However,
the emergence of resistant strains of NNRTIS necessitates the search for better HIV-1-RT inhibitors

Methods:

In this study, a series of novel imidazoles (SP01-SP30) was designed using molecular docking inside
the non-nucleoside inhibitory binding pocket (NNIBP) of the HIV-1-RT (PDB ID-1RT2) using Glide
v13.0.137, Autodock Vina, and FlexX v2.1.3. Prime MMGBSA was used to study the free energy of binding
of the inhibitors with the target enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulation studies were carried out to discover
the dynamic behavior of the protein as well as to unveil the role of the essential amino acids required for the
better binding affinity of the inhibitor within the NNIBP of the enzyme. The QikProp software module of
Schrodinger and online SwissADME were also used to evaluate the drug-likeliness of these compounds.

Results:

The imidazole derivative SP08 is predicted to be the most promising design compound that can be
considered for further synthetic exploitations to obtain a molecule with the highest therapeutic index against
HIV-1-RT.

Conclusion:

The results of the current study demonstrate the robustness of our in silico drug design strategy
that can be used for the discovery of novel HIV-1-RT inhibitors.
Tumor-Activated Neutrophils Promote Lung Cancer Progression through the IL-8/PD-L1 Pathway
Authors: Zheng Yiping , Cai Jianfeng , Ji Qiuhong , Liu Luanmei , Liao Kaijun , Dong Lie , Gao Jie , Huang Yinghui
Published: October 2024

Background:

Lung cancer remains a major global health threat due to its complex microenvironment,
particularly the role of neutrophils, which are crucial for tumor development and
immune evasion mechanisms. This study aimed to delve into the impact of lung cancer cell-conditioned
media on neutrophil functions and their potential implications for lung cancer progression.

Methods:

Employing in vitro experimental models, this study has analyzed the effects of lung cancer
cell-conditioned media on neutrophil IL-8 and IFN-γ secretion, apoptosis, PD-L1 expression,
and T-cell proliferation by using techniques, such as ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence,
and CFSE proliferation assay. The roles of IL-8/PD-L1 in regulating neutrophil functions were further
explored using inhibitors for IL-8 and PD-L1.

Results:

Lung cancer cell lines were found to secrete higher levels of IL-8 compared to normal
lung epithelial cells. The conditioned media from lung cancer cells significantly reduced apoptosis
in neutrophils, increased PD-L1 expression, and suppressed T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion.
These effects were partially reversed in the presence of IL-8 inhibitors in Tumor Tissue Culture
Supernatants (TTCS), while being further enhanced by IL-8. Both apoptosis and PD-L1 expression
in neutrophils demonstrated dose-dependency to TTCS. Additionally, CFSE proliferation assay
results further confirmed the inhibitory effect of lung cancer cell-conditioned media on T-cell
proliferation.

Conclusion:

This study has revealed lung cancer cell-conditioned media to modulate neutrophil
functions through regulating factors, such as IL-8, thereby affecting immune regulation and tumor
progression in the lung cancer microenvironment.
3-Acetyl Indole in the Synthesis of Natural Bioactive Compounds
Authors: El-Sawy Eslam R. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed S. , Kirsch Gilbert
Published: October 2024

Natural products, with their various sources from plants, marine organisms, and
microorganisms, are considered a key source and inspiration for medicines and continue to
be so. Indole alkaloids are a class of alkaloids and represent a large subunit of natural products.
Indole alkaloids of biological importance are numerous and cover a wide range of pharmaceutical
applications, including anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,
and antioxidant. Obtaining natural, biologically active indole compounds involves isolating
them from their natural sources or preparing them synthetically. 3-Substituted indoles represent
an emerging structural class of marine alkaloids based on their high degree of biological
activity. 3-Acetyl indole is an important core used as a starting material for synthesizing
many bioactive indole alkaloids. (5-Indole)oxazole alkaloids, β-carboline alkaloids, bis-indole
alkaloids, chuangxinmycin, meridianine, and (±) indolemycin are the most important
indole alkaloids that are prepared starting from 3-acety indole. The present review provides
comprehensive information on the structures and the synthesis of bioactive indole alkaloids
utilizing 3-acetyl indole and its derivatives as starting compounds. Additionally, it also spotlights
the diverse biological activities of these compounds.
Formation of Hydroxyl Radicals in Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Degradation of Contaminated Organic Matter
Authors: Mancipe Sonia , Romanelli Gustavo P. , Martinez Jose J. , Luque Rafael
Published: October 2024

Organic compounds in different solutions have caused several pollution problems to the
environment and even affected human health. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have been
effectively used in the decontamination of these types of compounds. Distinct reactive oxygen species
(ROS) have been proposed to explain the degradation or mineralization of contaminating organic
matter. ROS, such as free radicals (e.g., .OH), superoxide (e.g., .O2
−), and peroxides (e.g., H2O2),
are capable of modifying the chemical structure of organic matter and consequently degrade or mineralize
it. In this review, the formation of hydroxyl radicals in each AOP, as in a hybrid process, and
the methods for quantifying and determining this type of radical are discussed.
INCORPORATING ETHNOMATHEMATICS AND REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION ON DEVELOPING MATHEMATICS CONNECTION USING THE MENARA KUDUS
Authors: Sari Sellanidia Antika , Nisa’ Silvia Durrotun , As-salamah Siti Fatimah , Maharani Rizqona
Published: October 2024

This research was motivated by students' low mathematical connections and lack of knowledge about the local culture around where they live. This research aims to develop a student digital worksheet using the concepts of ethnomathematics and Realistic Mathematics Education following  the ADDIE procedure. A number of 30 students of year five in a primary school in Kudus District, Province of Central Java, Indonesia, involved in the study. The learning material used the local cultural object namely Menara Kudus. This bulding is part of muslim gathering venue and known its adaptation to the Hinduism as it was built during the era. A digital worksheet is defined as a set learning activity that can be accessed using electronic gadgets, like computer or smartphone. Validation of the development resutls included experts and students to collect data on the feasibility assessment of the digital worksheet which consists of assessments by material experts and media experts. In addition, the use of web based interactive worksheets at Menara Kudus based on Ethno–RME shows a significant increase in students' mathematical connections. This means that the Ethno–RME based Digital worksheet at the Menara Kudus was declared feasible and can be used in mathematics learning.
EXPLORING ETHNOMATHEMATICS IN THE TRADITIONAL GAME NAMED ENGKLEK
Authors: Afghohani Afif , Cahyaningrum Fatwiyati Sholikhah , Astutiningtyas Erika Laras
Published: October 2024

(Abstract is being proofread)
Penerapan Metode Task Centered System Design Pada Perancangan User Interface Sistem Pelelangan Rumah Dinas Perusahaan
Authors: Meiriza Viola , Putra Pacu , Oktadini Nabila Rizky , Meiriza Allsela , Sevtiyuni Putri Eka
Published: October 2024

Perkembangan teknologi telah mengubah cara kita berinteraksi dengan perangkat digital, termasuk dalam perancangan antarmuka pengguna (User Interface). PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional memanfaatkan teknologi informasi untuk mendukung operasional, termasuk pelelangan rumah dinas pegawai. Namun, sistem yang ada belum optimal, terutama dalam hal UI, yang mengakibatkan ketidaknyamanan dan menurunkan efisiensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan merancang ulang Sistem Pelelangan Rumah Dinas menggunakan metode Task Centered System Design (TCSD), yang berfokus pada identifikasi kebutuhan pengguna dan pengembangan desain berbasis tugas. Penelitian ini melibatkan observasi dan wawancara dengan pegawai PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional RU III Plaju. Hasil rancangan dievaluasi menggunakan platform Maze, dengan skor akhir 84, menunjukkan bahwa rancangan UI layak digunakan. Hasil ini diharapkan meningkatkan efisiensi dan transparansi dalam proses pelelangan.