bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Maternal Vitamin E and Progress of Children Asthma: A Review Article
Authors:   Department of Gynecology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Nazari Zeinab , Ghaffari Javad ,   Pediatric infectious diseases research center, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, Sari, Iran., Dabaghzadeh Abbas ,   Pediatric infectious diseases research center, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, Sari, Iran., Ghaffari Negar ,   ediatric infectious diseases research center, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, Sari, Iran.
Published: February 2021

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Mereformulasikan Area Pendekatan Sistematis dan Bijaksana dalam Pendidikan Islam untuk Anak di Sekolah Awal
Authors: Ismail Isma'il
Published: February 2021

The continuous development of problems in the field of education and religion demands the formulation of new paradigms, new theories, and new methods of operationalization that are able to solve new problems that are more complex, on the basis of which it is necessary to update thinking, study and research on Islamic education to reconstruct aspects of theological, philosophical, substantive, methodological, and learning systems in the hope that the implementation of religious education will be effective effectively. This paper is based on the aim of formulating an area of ??systematic and prudent approach in Islamic education for children in early school. From the results of the discussion concluded: 1) According to the Islamic view, education must prioritize faith education. History proves that education will produce education who lack moral character; 2) The historical reconstruction of Islamic philosophy as wisdom certainly indicates a thorough integration of modes of thinking and speaking which is the philosophy of philosophy into larger and speaking mode of thinking which is constitutive of historical Muslim society; 3) the critical area of ??Islamic education for children is the transmission of facts and information about Islam to the personality and character of Kaaffah, the curriculum must be relevant paradigm shift must be effective and relevant to the communities in which they live.
Pluralisme Agama dalam Al-Qur’an Telaah atas Penafsiran Farid Esack
Authors: Fatih Muhammad
Published: February 2021

One of the issues that received considerable and dominant attention was the issue of diversity or religious plurality. This issue is a phenomenon that exists in the midst of the diversity of claims of absolute truth (Absolute Truth Claims) between religions that are contradicting one another. Each religion claims to be the truest and all others are heretical. This claim then gave birth to the belief commonly called the "Doctrine of Salvation" that salvation or heaven is the right of followers of certain religions, while adherents of other religions will be harmed and go to hell. In fact, this kind of belief also applies to adherents between sects or alians in the same religion. As is the case between Protestants and Catholics in Christianity, between Mahayana and Hinayana or Theravada in Buddhism, and also between various Islamic groups. This reality has brought pluralism to an increasingly broad and complex discourse. The Koran's recognition of religious pluralism is clear not only from the perspective of accepting other people as a legitimate religious community, but also from the acceptance of their spiritual life and the opportunity for a way of salvation for them. According to Esack, the preservation of the sanctity of these places of worship is not solely intended for the sake of maintaining the integrity of the multi-religious society, but also because God, who is the supreme being for these religions, and who is seen to be above differences in his outward expression, is worshiped in the place. -that place.
Pengaruh Pengajaran dan Aktifitas dalam Organisasi terhadap Kreativitas Belajar dengan Variabel Mediasi Psikoedukasi Kreativitas
Authors: Al-Mahali Ahmad Jalalluddin
Published: February 2021

Some learning strategies fail to arouse student creativity in learning. Concerns about accountability narrow flexibility and creativity in teaching. Learning has become the main focus, but does not neglect teaching. Creative children need creative teachers, many activities in campus-level organizations influence and even inhibit their creativity even if they get psychoeducation therapy for creativity. A dilemma is that the most creative child is often punished by parents and teachers who find the behavior difficult to control. Conversely children who fail to manifest curiosity and other creative learning behaviors are stimulated to display these behaviors and are rewarded. The objectives of this study are: 1) Analyzing the effect of teaching on creativity psychoeducation. 2) Analyzing the effect of Activity in organizations on creativity psychoeducation. 3) Analyze teaching on learning creativity. 4) Analyzing the effect of Activity in organizations on learning creativity. 5) Analyzing the effect of psychoeducation of creativity on learning creativity. 6) Analyzing the teaching of learning creativity with the psychoeducation variable of creativity. 7) Analyzing the effect of Activity in organizations on learning creativity with the mediating variable of creativity psychoeducation. This research is descriptive-exploratory-explanatory. The population is semester V students of the academic year 2018/2019 of 38 people. sampling using census techniques. Data collection uses a 5 point Likert Scale questionnaire. Data analysis method uses SmartPLS software v. 3.3.7. From the results of the study it can be concluded as follows: 1) Teaching has a significant effect on the Psychoeducation of creativity 2) Activity in the organization has no effect on the Psychoeducation of creativity 3) Teaching has no effect on learning creativity 4) Activity in the organization has a significant effect on learning Creativity 5) Psychoeducation of creativity has no effect on learning creativity 6) Teaching affects indirectly on learning creativity through creativity psychoeducation 7) Activity in organization indirectly influences learning creativity through creativity psychoeducation.
A Ten Years of the SPECT System Operation at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shirazu Issahaku , Sackey Theophilus , Eduful Ernest Kojo
Published: February 2021

The study was done to have an overview of the benefits or otherwise of the SPECT system in Ghana since 2005. The procedure involve recording the attendance records and the imaging procedure since the inception of the SPECT machine. The objective of this project is to take a clinical review of the operation of the SPECT system since its installation as part of the basic QUANUM process. The data collected and analysed for the stated period has shown that there is a gradual increase in the number of patience. There were 3608 scans procedure in all, with bone scan been the highest with 54.52%, which formed more than half of the study and the least scan being GFR, just about 0.14% of the total study. Together with bone scan thyroid and renal study shows significant attendance ratio of 24.34% and 15.22% respectively. The three together formed about 94% of all the scans at the centre. It is also important to note that iodine therapy together with brain scan were slightly significant with about 3.41% and 1.64%, with the rest showing just about 1%of the total study. More than 56% of the imaging procedure occurred within 2010 and 2014 after initial slow attendance rate. This is because nuclear medicine procedure is gradually gaining prominence acceptance by clinical practitioners and patience. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between the diagnosed condition of patience and with their present or past occupations and residence.
The Effect of Linear Energy Transfer, Particle and Energy Fluence on Renal Surface Area during Abdominal CT Scan
Authors: Shirazu Issahaku , Schandorf Cyril , Mensah Y. B. , Mensah S. Y. , Sackey Theophilus , Eduful Ernest Kojo , Pokoo-Aikins Mark , Bebaaku Dery Theresa
Published: February 2021

The quantities that determine the relative image noise level by either increasing or reducing its value are photon quality (kVp) and photon quantity (mAs). This study is to determine the effect of LET, energy and particle fluence on the renal surface area during abdominal CT scan. The method involve extracting three exposure parameters from image data using MVL DICOM application software including: kVp, mA and scan time. The kVp or the photon peak energy which is applied in the A-P direction during abdominal CT scan was used to estimate linear energy transfer. While the particle fluence and the energy fluence were estimated from the effective mAs and the kVp on the total renal surface respectively. The effective mAs were estimated by dividing the mAs by the average pitch factor of approximately 0.813. In all the examinations, the average protocol setting in terms of exposure time and kilovolts peak were 500s and 120keV respectively. While the average protocol in all the centers recorded a mean effective milliamp second (mAs) of 59.27 mAs and tube current of 94.22A. The influence of these parameters on abdominal scan depends on the scan time, scan scope, the size of the renal surface area (RSA) which has varied values. The effects of effective mean mAs per unit mean renal surface area, described as mean effective particle fluence were 1.32mAs/cm2 and 1.50 mAs/cm2 for male and female respectively. The energy fluence, which is the photon energy per unit renal surface area estimated to have a mean value of 4.02 keVcm-2 and 4.51 keVcm-2 for male and female respectively. In addition, the maximum and minimum variations of all the measured parameters. The LET, which described the lost in photon energy as it traverses across the renal tissues in the A-P direction was estimated, with a mean value of 2.60 keV/µm and 2.67 keV/µm for male and female respectively. The maximum and minimum LET values were 4.49 keV/µm and 1.90 keV/µm for male and 5.26 keV/µm and 1.98 keV/µm for female respectively. The maximum measured values were below the critical LET values estimated to be between 15 to 20 keV/µm. These estimated risk parameters were used to predict the effect on abdominal and kidney tissues using the various modeled equations.
Design and Construction of Cervix Phantom for Brachytherapy Dose Assessment Procedure for Clinical Application
Authors: Avevor Justice , Shirazu Issahaku , Nii Adu Tagoe Samuel , Amuasi J. H. , Fletcher J. J.
Published: February 2021

An important point to consider in a brachytherapy dosimetry study is the design of an appropriate phantom size in calculations or experimental measurements. Perspex sheets of various size and thickness are used to design the cervix phantom. The aim of the study is to design and construct cervix phantom to mimic the pelvic segment of a standard adult human patients undergoing Brachytherapy. This is to allow assessment of dose to cervix and the surrounding tissues during cervix Brachytherapy. The methodology include; first phantom design where physical dimensions of the phantom were determined from a sampling of 30 patients’ cases to simulate an average patient size. Secondly, construction of phantom with fabricated cylindrical shape, composed of 6 mm Perspex sheets, and the assembly enclosed with the 4 mm Perspex sheet. The result of the constructed phantom had lateral separation of 34 cm, an anterior and posterior separation of 27 cm; with length of 33 cm. The Perspex pieces were glued to each other with Trichloromethane (chloroform) at room temperature. Chloroform dissolves the Perspex (PMMA), and when applied to the surfaces of the Perspex sheets, the surfaces stick together after the chloroform dries up. In forming the surface of the phantom, the 4 mm Perspex sheet was oven heated to a temperature of 140?C to make the sheet malleable. One end of the phantom was made thicker than the other end by gluing another 6 mm Perspex sheet such that the thickness of that particular end of the phantom was 12 mm. A hole of diameter 6.5 cm, which was a little bit posterior to the phantom, was created central to the 12 mm end of the phantom. The opening created was covered by 11 x 11 cm2 and 12 mm Perspex slab which was formed by gluing two 6 mm sheets together. A hole of diameter 5 cm was also made central to the cover created, such that the centre of this hole matches that of the hole on the end of the phantom. A 2.4 cm thick ring with internal diameter of 5 cm and external diameter of 6 cm was fabricated from 2.4 cm Perspex slab, which was formed from gluing four pieces of 6 mm Perspex sheets together. The fabricated ring was mounted on the 11 x 11 cm2 cover created such that the internal walls of the ring and that of the hole in the cover matches. The ring was then glued to the cover using the chloroform. The built phantom simulate actual patient anatomy and produce an excellent result to be use for clinical application.
Occurrence of asymmetries of lower limbs in basic futsal athletes
Authors: Dias Junior Julio Cesar , Silva Fransérgio da , Tancler Murilo Colino
Published: February 2021

Futsal is a sport on the rise worldwide, attracting more and more new practitioners and as well as in field soccer, it has undergone changes in recent years, increasingly demanding athletes, becoming a high impact sport, promoting overload, in the short, medium and long term, predisposing to injury to different degrees of the locomotor apparatus. The aim of this study was to analyze lower limbs asymmetries in futsal-based athletes, as well as their relationship to the incidence of injuries. The study was developed with 47 athletes of the basic category, futsal, from a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo, where functional tests were performed with the help of the PHAST application. A pattern of similarity was identified between the muscle groups tested, except for the gluteus muscle, presenting a significant difference. According to the indicators found, the patterns of strength deficit of the middle glutes may trigger, or predispose to, some types of biomechanical lesions whether proximal, in the hip region, or distal, as dysfunctions in the knee joint. When an athlete presents with a weakness of this muscle, ipsilateral femur adduction, increased medial rotation and fall of the pelvis against lateral, promoting increased dynamic angle of the knee, increasing the overload in this joint. Thus, it is concluded that pre-season evaluation is important to identify possible asymmetries, implementing preventive work to correct them, in order to minimize the risks of injuries.
Participació i coneixements dels "usuaris" i les persones a qui s'adrecen les polítiques
Authors: Touhami Slimane
Published: February 2021

Des del 2002, a França està regulada la participació de les persones afectades per les activitats de l’àmbit sociosanitari i social per a la valoració del funcionament de les institucions, activitats i programes d’aquests àmbits i per a l’elaboració de propostes. Des d’aleshores ençà, ha estat motiu de reflexió tant per definir-la, fonamentar-la i promoure-la i adaptar el seu desenvolupament als diferents àmbits i a les característiques dels diferents agents que poden estar-hi implicats. A l’article s’identifiquen obstacles que dificulten la participació en el context institucional en relació a les persones afectades, els equips professionals i les institucions mateixes, i para una especial atenció a la manera com la qüestió de la jerarquia i el “poder” pot interferir en el desenvolupament de les propostes de
participació, fins i tot quan el que suposadament es pretén és fomentar l’autonomia de les persones amb qui es treballa. Finalment, es fa referència a experiències innovadores i, en concret, les que posen en valor el “coneixement experiencial”, que pot ser d’especial interès per a la formació dels professionals, però també per als que participen en òrgans de presa de decisions. Entorn a aquesta qüestió, l’autor fa referència a propostes recents que posen en valor i incorporen el coneixement de les persones a qui s’adrecen les polítiques i les intervencions de l’àmbit social i sociosanitari.
Les habilitats per a la vida com a estratègia pedagògica de salut
Authors: Esteva Elisabet , Loste Anna , Mowatt Caroline
Published: February 2021

En aquest article les autores ens presenten l’enfocament dels determinants socials de la salut, juntament amb la mirada salutogènica i el treball de les habilitats per a la vida per a entendre millor el recorregut vital i emocional dels joves en contextos de migració, fugint de visions estereotipades i paternalistes. Les autores consideren clau que s’ofereixin espais als infants i joves per desenvolupar les seves habilitats per a la vida, que són aquelles competències necessàries per assolir un comportament adaptatiu que els permeti afrontar efectivament les demandes i els desafiaments de la vida diària. Argumenten també que una recerca recent duta a terme amb infants i joves migrats sense referents adults a Irlanda, constatava que la idea de continuïtat i de donar un sentit a les seves vides els ajudava, en la majoria dels casos, en els seus processos identitaris personals i els ajudava a augmentar la seva resiliència. D’aquí el valor que donen al treball de les 10 habilitats per a la vida i a l’enfortiment del Sentit de Coherència. Finalment les autores presenten de quina manera treballen aquestes habilitats, posant com a exemple el programa “Sigues tu, eines i actius per a la salut” de Dipsalut.
Radicalització i radicalitats
Authors: Touhami Slimane
Published: February 2021

L’autor parteix de la irrupció del concepte de radicalització en els discursos polítics i socials per analitzar l’evolució del concepte, dels conceptes que se n’han derivat i del seu tractament. Parla d’una distorsió del concepte i aposta per recuperar la seva complexitat, tant pel que fa a les seves formes (diferents tipus de radicalització), com pel que fa a allò que provoca o contribueix al desenvolupament d’aquests fenòmens (parla de multicausalitat i de necessitat d’un abordatge antropològic, sociològic, psicològic i politològic, entre altres). Per altra part l’autor es mostra crític amb l’aposta per una “desradicalització” quasi-terapèutica que va fer l’Estat francès, que va generar uns resultats més que decebedors, i es mostra més confiat per l’aposta actual basada en la “prevenció”, si bé assenyala les limitacions de la formació dels professionals del treball social (en bona mesura resultat de dèficits de formació generals en el sistema educatiu francès) per a abordar amb solvència aquesta tasca. A l’apartat final l’autor apunta els que a parer seu són alguns dels principals dèficits, que en la mesura que es poguessin pal·liar, repercutirien en un millor abordatge dels fenòmens de radicalització violenta i, en general, en una millor comprensió de molts altres fenòmens socials contemporanis que es desenvolupen en paral·lel a aquest.
'You wouldn't pass the salt' – from accusation to request or the impact of learning context and learner identity on the acquisition of situational variation in highly advanced learners of English
Authors: Devlin Anne Marie
Published: February 2021

The field of second language acquisition is a fascinating and global topic. Many of us have spent long hours poring over textbooks, memorising vocabulary and perfecting our grammar only to find that when we arrive in the country no-one understands us or our use of language unexpectedly gives rise to hilarity or even causes offense. We've been told, 'Don't worry. Spend a few weeks in the country and you'll soon soak up the language'. Again, this is not always the case. While many learners return from their time abroad showing and feeling huge improvements, there are others who seem not to have benefited from the experience. In fact, it is well known that people can live in another language environment for years and never 'pick up' the language. So, if learning doesn't necessarily help and spending time in the country doesn't always produce the desired results, then what are the ...
Aspects of the Life of Colmán of Lynn
Authors: Dillon Gavin
Published: February 2021

Hagiography is narrative material relating to the saints. This may take various forms, including poetry and prose tales, but most often it consists of the written Life of a saint. From the outset it is to be kept in mind that a ‘Life’ of a saint does not necessarily equate to a biography, though it may contain biographical information. Rather, it is useful to view hagiography as containing as much, if not more, information about those who composed it than it does about its subject saint. Saints’ Lives provide a useful window into concerns and issues important to the communities in which, or for which, they were produced. A Life composed in the twelfth century may therefore allow us great insight into the politics, policies, religious and world-views of the twelfth-century society in which the Life was composed, but tell us relatively little about the saint and society of the ...
Characterization of new materials for capacitor formation in integrated circuit technology
Authors: Chen Wenbin
Published: February 2021

There have been tremendous developments in electronic technology in the last 40 years as evidenced by the widespread availability of computers, mobile phones and electronic entertainment systems and their continued shrinking in size and cost. Much of the improvement in the performance of electronic systems can be traced to developments in Integrated Circuits (ICs) (“microchips”) which form the fundamental building blocks of modern electronics technology. Within an IC, the most important electronic component is the transistor and it is the transistor that is used to implement the operations associated with computer logic. With each generation of technology, the size of the transistors is reduced and more of them can fit on a single IC, which allows more powerful devices to be made that take up the same or even smaller space and draw less power from the battery. This trend regarding the scaling down in size of the transistors was ...
Can Ireland’s emigration past inform the
Authors: Glynn Irial
Published: February 2021

No other European country has experienced such high and sustained levels of emigration per capita over the past two centuries as Ireland, with over 10 million having left the island between 1800 and 2000. Since the late 1990s and especially after the expansion of the EU in 2004, Ireland has received an unprecedented number of immigrants. According to the 2011 census, almost 17 percent of the Republic of Ireland’s population was born outside the state and over 12 percent held a different nationality. Thus far, the Irish state has taken a laissez-faire approach to incorporating immigrants into Irish society. To offset some of the integration problems that have developed in other Western European countries that welcomed sizeable amounts of immigrants in earlier decades, this paper argues that Ireland’s extensive history of emigration might be a useful tool to help the country include its increasingly large immigrant community because of the similar migration experience that both communities have encountered in their transnational pasts.
Communication Design of Bureaccratic Organizations in Gender Perspective in the Government of South Tapanuli District
Authors: Ritonga Elfi Yanti , Kholil Syukur , Sazali Hasan
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe the communication design of bureaucratic organizations from a gender perspective in the South Tapanuli Regency Government.This research is a type of research qualitative descriptive. The data collection techniques used were observation and interviews. The results showed that: (1) the communication design of bureaucratic organizations in a gender perspective in the South Tapanuli Regency Government is structured and runs well, communication is established through programs that have been made,the regional secretary liaises with the heads of offices, the head of the office deals with staff from the district head and sub-district offices, the sub-district head with the village then the village head with the community, (2)Organizational communication is carried out in the form of meetings such as coordinating tasks to solve problems, (3) organizational communication designs in the form of written and oral regulations in implementing work programs to achieve goals, (4) work motivation, there are rewards given to employees and punishment when making mistakes and there is no difference in the treatment of attitudes and communication towards men and women, (5) the recruitment system in structural positions is based on ability, there is no nepotism and strict selection, the recruitment of honorary employees is adjusted to the needs of the field and educational background, (6) bureaucracy in a gender perspective In the South Tapanuli Regency Government there is no difference between men and women, including to become leaders and this is done democratically.
Development of Learning Media for Volleyball Subject Refereeing Subjects Based on Satellite E-Learning
Authors: Widianingsih Onyas , Indrakasih Indrakasih , Nugroho Sinung , Sihombing Hardodi
Published: February 2021

This research is a research on the development of learning media for the subject matter of the Volleyball subject matter based on e-learning satellite. This study discusses the role of learning media with technology. This study uses research from Borg and Gall through 10 stages including:(1) Preliminary Study, (2) Research planning, (3) Initial product development, (4) Initial (limited) field trials, (5) Revision of limited field test results, (6) wider field trials, (7) Revision of field test results, (8) Feasibility test, (9) Revision of feasibility test results, (10) Dissemination and socialization of final products. Results of this study: Small group test was carried out by testingdisplay of refereeing material Based on the value of the assessment questionnaire display of refereeing materialWith indicators of learning implementation assessment and material display, it is concluded that the questionnaire given to small groups has an effectiveness of implementing e-learning based refereeing learning by 55%. In other words, there is still much that needs to be improved so that the application used can have maximum effectiveness in the effectiveness of the assessment questionnaire pimplementationrefereeing learning based on e-learning It can be concluded that the questionnaire given to IT and Media experts has a display pimplementationrefereeing learning based on e-learning 56%.
Training on Introduction to Platforms and Utilization of Social Media in Online Business for MSME Actors Students of SMK Alwashliyah 2 Simalungun Regency
Authors: Sembiring Beby Karina Fawzeea , Marhayanie Marhayanie , Marhaini Marhaini , Situmorang Syafrizal Helmi , Yuliaty Tetty
Published: February 2021

Given the blossoming essence of social media marketing, literature does not delve into the complexities and consequences of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This paper seeks to advance awareness and provide an extensive analysis of the inspiration and efficiency benefits of social media provided by small and medium-sized businesses through a digital economy analysis. The conceptual analysis shows that interactivity, compatibility, and cost-effectiveness are reasons for social media use, ultimately providing advantages. SMEs of Facebook and Twitter profiles are used to analyze the conceptual paradigm suggested. This research reveals that the interdependencies of social media's motives and the consequences of social media use are optimistic but sporadic across small and medium-sized companies. SMEs selling physical goods prefer to use social media on cost-effective motivations, whereas small and medium-sized businesses tend to see interactivity as the main incentive. Furthermore, the study results indicate that Facebook and Twitter in a two-site story generate success gains for small and medium-sized enterprises' users. The study offers future analysis and management priority problems that strongly affect the academic and practice culture. Obviously, despite any bottlenecks in use, SMEs in developing markets tend to reap expanded social media gains through multi-platform marketing activities.
Optimization of Public Services of State Civil Services in Human Resource Management Perspective in Poso Regional Public Hospital (RSUD)
Authors: Pantih Suwardhi , Natsir Syahir , Idris Idris , Adda Harnida Wahyuni
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the optimization of public services for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) from the perspective of human resource management and the supporting and inhibiting factors in the Poso Regional General Hospital. This type of research is qualitative research. The results showed that transparency is open, easy to understand and accessible to all parties who need it and is provided adequately and easily understood. This dimension is felt by the community who uses the service as good, so the community evaluates it well and feels the satisfaction of the services provided. Transparency affects the service process in order to create a good impression so that the ultimate goal of satisfaction can be achieved. This dimension of accountability is the ability to provide services in a timely and consistent manner, service standards and promised times that can be accounted for. Conditional, namely the responsiveness of the apparatus in providing the services needed and being able to complete the service quickly according to the promised time period with the conditions and capabilities of the service provided by the officer. This condition situation is related to the reason and way of thinking of the apparatus shown to the customer. Participation encourages community participation in service delivery by taking into account the aspirations, needs and expectations of the community. The guarantee dimension includes knowledge, ability, politeness and trustworthiness possessed by the apparatus, free from dangers, risks, and doubts that result in disturbances in the normal structure of life. Providers and recipients of public services must fulfill the rights and obligations of each party. The inhibiting factor is the lack of apparatus resources, the lack of infrastructure and infrastructure. The supporting factors are encouraging each other's apparatus, holding coordination or evaluation meetings every three months and then giving the planting of awareness to serve the community sincerely and according to conscience.
Cesárea Electiva como Factor de Riesgo Asociado al Síndrome de Distress Respiratorio Neonatal
Authors: Moncayo Rivera Diana Mishelle , Moncayo Rivera Christian Miguel , Serpa Calderón Justa María , Chacha Suscal Nelson Ricardo
Published: February 2021

Fundamentos: La cesárea electiva es un procedimiento quirúrgico que ha incrementado en todo el mundo en los últimos años. Las morbilidades respiratorias constituyen las complicaciones más frecuentes en neonatos nacidos por esta vía, en especial por la ausencia de trabajo de parto. Objetivo: Determinar, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica sistemática, la cesárea electiva como factor de riesgo para la morbi-mortalidad por distress respiratorio en recién nacidos. Métodos: se incluyeron 14 artículos en relación a este tema los cuales cumplieron determinados criterios de inclusión. La búsqueda se realizó en diferentes revistas como Scielo, Cochrane, Medwave, Redalyc, PubMed, entre otros, publicadas en los últimos 5 años, en idioma inglés y español. Se empleó el software Mendeley para la organización de la información. Resultados: los países subdesarrollados presentan tasas de cesáreas electivas superiores al 40%, en especial en el sector privado. La morbi-mortalidad respiratoria neonatal aumenta por cesárea electiva siendo hasta 3 veces superior a comparación del parto vaginal. La Taquipnea Transitoria del Recién Nacido fue la entidad más frecuente del Síndrome de Distress Respiratorio Neonatal. Conclusiones: la cesárea electiva constituye una problemática en países subdesarrollados ya que trae consigo complicaciones fetales importantes como la Taquipnea Transitoria del Recién Nacido, patología que se puede prevenir: en primera instancia educando adecuadamente a la madre, la adopción de medidas como el trabajo de parto previo en pacientes con antecedentes de cesárea anterior, el uso de corticoides antenatales y la administración de oxitocina.
Biologics: A Therapy of New Era
Authors: Shamsuzzaman SM
Published: February 2021

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2018; 12 (2): 1-3
Simultaneous Detection of Seven Pathogens of Cervicitis Among Young Female Sex Workers by Multiplex Real Time PCR in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Sharmili , Ahmed Sharmeen , Anwar Shaheda , Rahman Lima , Shams Zubair
Published: February 2021

The prevalence of STIs related cervicitis in Bangladesh among female sex workers (FSWs) is quite high and among them young (≤ 24 years) FSWs are more sufferers. The aim of this study was to detect infectious agents of cervicitis including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum in SWs of aged 10-24 years from endocervical swabs by multiplex real time PCR. A cross sectional study was done in collaboration with department of Microbiology, BSMMU, Dhaka and Save the Children, Bangladesh between March to December 2017 among sex workers enlisted to receive HIV prevention services at different drop in centers (DICs) in Dhaka.Total 105 SWs of aged between 10-24 years and clinically suspected as cervicitis, were enrolled for the study. Endo-cervical swabs were collected during examination and tested in dept of Microbiology, BSMMU by multiplex PCR and other tests for aforementioned pathogens. Data were collected by face to face interview using semi-structured questionnaire and clinical examinations were done using Casco’s vaginal speculum. Among the study population, 87 (82.9%) were between 20-24 years of age. On examination, out of 105, 67 (63.8%) patients had no cervical discharge, only 8 (7.6%) had muco-purulent discharge. Out of total, 95 (90.5%) patients were mPCR positive for at least one pathogen and only 3 (2.9 %) N. gonorrhoeae isolated by culture, 8(7.6%) cases of C. trachomatis were detected by DFA and 8 (7.6%) cases of T. vaginalis were detected by wet film. Among the mPCR positive (95) cases, 63(66.3%) patients had mixed infections and among them, M. hominis was the highest (76.2%) followed by U. urealyticum (49.2%). In the patients having ‘no’ (67) cervical discharge, 32 (48%) had M. homini sinfection followed by U. parvum (40%). Majority of FSWs had mixed infection and M.hominis was the highest. A high number of patients hadno cervical discharge though it is one of the diagnostic criteria for cervicitis in current syndromic management. In comparison to other available diagnostic tests, organisms were detected efficiently by multiplex PCR and could be advised routinely in such cases of mixed infection.

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (1): 4-11
Detection of Drug Susceptibility to Azoles among Trichophyton rubrum Isolates by Disk Diffusion Method
Authors: Mohiuddin GM , Sattar Humayun , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Sattar Abu Naser Ibne , Ahmed SM Ali , Afroz Fatima , Quraishi Mashrura
Published: February 2021

Dermatophytes are filamentous fungi that cause tiniasis with high prevalence in tropical hot, humid and overcrowded countries like Bangladesh. Antifungal drug resistance among dermatophyte isolates are very common due to irrational and overuse of them. In vitro antifungal susceptibility test may help to select appropriate drug, optimize the therapy and monitor the emergence of drug resistance. This study was undertaken to isolate and identify different dermatophyte species from skin, nail and hair samples and to see the susceptibility pattern of azoles (fluconazole, miconazole and itraconazole) among one of the most common dermatophyte isolates (Trichophyton rubrum) by disk diffusion method. A total of two hundred and forty six patients clinically suspected of dermatophytosis attending in the outpatient department (OPD) of Dermatology and Venereology of BSMMU, Dhaka, were studied from September 2018 to August 2019. All the samples of skin, nail and hair were processed for direct microscopic examination and culture. The species of dermatophytes were identified by gross colony morphology, microscopic features and biochemical tests. Antifungal susceptibility was performed by disk diffusion (Neo-Sensitabs susceptibility testing modified for Dermatophytes) method in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) media. Out of 246 specimens 27.2% were positive by microscopy, 28.9% were positive by culture and 26.0% were positive by both microscopy and culture. Tinea cruris (32.4%) was the most prevalent clinical type among all dermatophyte isolates. Among 71 culture positive isolates, T. rubrum (71.8%) was most prevalent followed by T. mentagrophytes (24.0%) and E. floccosum (4.2%). By disk diffusion method fluconazole was found as the most resistant drug (90.2%) against T. rubrum isolates and Itraconazole was the most sensitive (80.4%). Miconazole was found as most intermediate sensitive.

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (1): 20-23
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enterobacter Species Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Quraishi Mashrura , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Roy Chandan Kumar , Afroz Fatima , Mohiuddin GM
Published: February 2021

The present study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterobacter species to guide the clinician in selecting the best antimicrobial agent for an individual patient. A total of 50 clinical isolates of Enterobacter species were collected from different clinical specimens at the microbiology laboratory of BSMMU between August, 2018 and September, 2019. The two main species of Enterobacter, E.cloacae and E.aerogenes were identified by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and reported according to CLSI guidelines. Majority (56%) of the isolated Enterobacter were E.cloacae, 40% were E.aerogenes and 4% were other species. The Enterobacter isolates showed relatively high resistance rates to the cephalosporins including cefoxitin (82%), cefixime (62%), ceftazidime (46%) and ceftriaxone (46%). Resistance to the carbapenems and aminoglycosides was relatively low. The high resistance rates of Enterobacter species to multiple antibiotics makes it necessary for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to be conducted prior to antibiotic prescription.

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 3-6
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Extensively Drug Resistant Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Afroz Fatima , Anwar Shaheda , Quraishi Mashrura , Mohiuddin GM , Ahmed SM Ali , Saleh Ahmed Abu
Published: February 2021

Carbapenems, often agents of last resort for multidrug resistant bacterial infections are now threatened by widespread dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Production of carbapenemases remain the most clinically important mechanism of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram pattern of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae. A cross sectional study was conducted at department of Microbiology and Immunology, BSMMU from September 2018 to August 2019. A total of 145 CRE isolates from different clinical samples were studied.Antimicrobial susceptibility was examinedby disk diffusion method and MIC of colistin by broth microdilution method. Resistant carbapenemase genes NDM and OXA-48 were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Out of 145 CRE isolates, 104 were NDM, 73 were OXA-48and 34 isolates were both NDM and OXA-48 co-producers. All the NDM and OXA-48 carbapenemase producing isolates were 100% resistant to meropenem, imipenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and piperacillin + tazobactam. Resistance rates of reserved antimicrobials to treat CRE isolates were also alarming. Thirty seven percent, 9.6% and 5.5 % of OXA-48 carbapenemase producers and 26.0%, 10.6% and 2.9% of NDM carbapenemase producers were resistant to colistin, polymyxin B and tigecycline respectively.Among the carbapenemase producing isolates, 16.6% (24) were multidrug resistant (MDR), 82.1% (119) were extensively drug resistant (XDR) and 1.3% (2) isolates were pan drug resistantwhich highlights the emerging therapeutic challenge for these superbugs.

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 7-10
Correlation Between Endoscopic and Histological Findings of Dyspeptic Patients and their Association with Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Kismat Saifa , Tanni Nusrat Noor , Akhtar Rokshana , Roy Chandan Kumar , Rahman Mohammad Mosiur , Anwar Shaheda , Ahmed Sharmeen
Published: February 2021

There is a high prevalence of H. pylori infection in Bangladeshi population that causes site specific diseases which includes gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The Cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology and immunology, Bangabandhu Medical University (BSMMU), during the period of September, 2018 to July, 2019. Dyspeptic patients, who underwent endoscopic examination at the Department of Gastroenterology of Dhaka medical College and Hospital, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled as study population. Collected gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens from 142 patients were categorized as H. pylori positive cases (34.5%) and H. pylori negative cases (35.2%) based on the case definition used in the study by RUT, Histology and ureC gene PCR. All of the laboratory works were performed at Department of Microbiology and Immunology except Histology which was performed at the Department of Pathology of BSMMU. Endoscopic findings significantly co-related with histological findings (p = 0.001). Highest rate of H. pylori infection was found in 76% of duodenal ulcer cases and lowest in Adenocarcinoma group being only 9% of total study population. H. pylori infection was positively associated with duodenal ulcer cases (p=0.014) and negatively with adeno carcinoma cases (p=0.002) in a statistically significant manner.

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 11-17
Antimicrobial Stewardship: Laboratory to Clinical Microbiology: A Road Map
Authors: Ahmed Mushtaque , Iqbal Hasina , Mahboob Nabeela , Mamun Kazi Zulfiquer
Published: February 2021

Antimicrobial stewardship refers to a set of coordinated strategies to improve the use of antimicrobial medications with the goal of enhancing patient health outcomes, reducing resistance to antibiotics and decreasing unnecessary costs. While clinical microbiologists with clinical pharmacists are considered the main leaders of antimicrobial stewardship programs, clinical microbiologists can play a key role in these programs. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive discussion of the different components of antimicrobial stewardship in which microbiology laboratories and clinical microbiologists can make significant contributions, including cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility reports, enhanced culture, and guidance in the pre analytic phase, rapid diagnostic test availability, provider education, and alert and surveillance systems.

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 25-29
ANALISIS DAN DESAIN RANTAI PASOK KAKAO BERBASIS BLOCKCHAIN
Authors: Iswari Dian Ardifah , Arkeman Yandra , Muslich Muslich
Published: February 2021

Abstract— The supply chain in the 4.0 era wanted consumers to be closer to producers. Problems that occur in the supply chain are supply chain information flow is still long, there is no transparency, marketing coverage is less extensive, and documentation of activities is not good. The purpose of this study is to analyze the condition of the Kelompok Tani X cocoa supply chain and to identify the attributes of the blockchain based group cocoa supply chain farmers. The method used is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and Unified Modelling Languange. The results obtained are that the supply chain information flow in the X farmer group is still overlapping, and has not been systematic. Actors consist of farmers, farmer leaders, processing factories (Kelompok Tani X), and retailers. Activities that occur are signing up, logging in, filling content, transactions, shipping, validation, and returning goods. The conclusion is the supply chain activities of the Kelompok Tani X have not been documented. The blockchain system that is designed is adjusted to the situation, so it is expected to be able to make the administration and documentation system better.  Keywords—: Agroindustry 4.0; supply chain; system development life cycle; transparency; unified modelling languange.
Potensi Pengembangan Tanaman Obat-Obatan Di Pekarangan Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Agroindustri Perkotaan
Authors: Wardhani Ratna Mustika
Published: February 2021

Abstract— The optimal use of yard is the best solution in providing added value for agro-industry products. One of the raw materials for agro-industry is medicinal plants. This study aims to determine the potential of medicinal plants planted in the yard and analyze the added value of medicinal plants grown in the yard into agro-industrial products. The method used is descriptive method that is applied in several regions that empower fruit, vegetable and medicinal plants as providers of agro-industrial raw materials, while the data analysis method uses the Value-Add Analysis method using the Hayami method (1987). After the research can be concluded as follows: (1) Identification of 15 types of medicinal plants, of which all types of medicinal plants can be used as agroindustry raw materials, namely Ginger, Turmeric, Sere, Pandan, Lengkuas, Aloe Vera, Kencur , Betel, Mustache cat, Tread Doro, Temu lawak, Temu Ireng, Kunci, Keji beling, Sambiroto. (2) Each research area has superior priority for the types of plants used as different raw materials, from the 3 highest priority sequences, namely: Ngawi Regency (Jahe, Kunyit, Sere), Magetan Regency (Ginger, Turmeric, Pandan) , Kabupaten Madiun (Ginger, Galangal, Turmeric), Madiun City (Ginger, Pandanus, Sere). (3) Processed products based on medicinal plants, namely Ginger into ginger syrup, are added value of Rp. 20250 - / kg, Turmeric plants become Jamu Kunyit in the amount of Rp. 19500 / kg, Pandanus plants become processed products of Pandan Dye amounting to Rp.46800 / kg. Keywords—: Medicinal Plants; Yard; Agroindustry.
Diversifikasi Pangan Melalui Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Lokal”Uwi” Sebagai Bahan Mie Instant
Authors: Wuryantoro Wuryantoro , Puspitawati Indah Rekyani
Published: February 2021

Abstract— Uwi plants (Dioscorea sp.) as one of the types of tuber plants have the potential to support food diversity and food security in the future because it is very tolerant to be planted on dry land with a huge potential in Indonesia. The research aims to obtain a variety of diversified foods based on uwi plants. The research method used a completely randomized design laboratory scale consisting of six treatments repeated three times. These factors are the various colors of tubers used as research material including dark yellow (orange), yellow, murky white, white, purple and purple spurt. Observations include texture, elasticity, aroma, colour and taste through organoleptic tests. Instant noodles and wet noodles are used as a comparison. The study was conducted in the Agronomy Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University, Madiun, from October to December 2018. The results showed that compared to conventional noodles as a control, the appearance of colour, taste, texture and aroma of noodles after being cooked was not much different. Whereas seen from the elasticity of uwi noodles has a lower elasticity. The difference is also in the appearance of raw dried noodles, the color and aroma are still inferior to dry noodles and instant noodles. Thus, uwi flour is potential to be developed as a food ingredient, considering that uwi carbohydrates have a low glycemic index.  Keywords—: food diversity; dry noodle; tuber color; uwi flour.