bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of The Nicotine Dependence in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: ERTEKİN Hulya , Ertekin Yusuf Haydar
Published: March 2018

Objective: A relationship has been suggested between recurrent major depression and
high nicotine dependence. A similar relevance may establish a reference for
further investigations evaluating the role of nicotine dependence on various
psychiatric disorders. For this purpose, we assessed the frequency of smoking
and nicotine dependence, according to psychiatric diagnosis in psychiatric
outpatients.

Methods:  A total of 1036
psychiatric patients were included in this descriptive study. The participants
were evaluated according to DSM IV (Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th. Edition) for
psychiatric disorders and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
(FTND) that was applied to define smoking habits.Results: The
overall smoking rate was 40.2% (n=1036), while the smoking rate of females and
males was 32.6% (n=229) and 56.0% (n=187) (p<0.001) respectively. The mean
age of onset of smoking, and the mean FTND score were significantly higher in
men than women [The mean age of onset of smoking was 19.6 ± 6.5 years in women,
and 16.8 ± 6.0 years in men (p<0.001). The mean FTND score in women and men was
3.9 ± 2.7 and 5.1 ± 2.6 (p<0.001)]. The
age of onset of smoking, the number of smoking cessation trials, FTND scores, and the smoking cessation request of patients with psychotic disorders
were significantly lower than patients with affective disorders and anxiety
disorders (respectively p=0.008, p=0.047, p<0.001,
p=0.015).Conclusion: The lower
ratio of high nicotine dependence in psychotic disorder in comparison to
affective and anxiety disorders may give insight to the role of nicotine in the
pathogenesis of the psychiatric diseases.
Hiperkapnik Solunum Yetmezliği Gelişen Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı Hastalarında Noninvaziv AVAPS (Average Volume Assured Pressure Support) Modu
Authors: GÜLEÇ BALBAY Ege , AYTEKİN Fuat , BALBAY Öner , ANNAKKAYA Ali Nihat , ARBAK Peri
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, AVAPS (Average Volume Assured Pressure Support) modu ile Noninvazif Mekanik Ventilasyon (NMV) uygulanan hastalarda hasta uyumu ve klinik başarı
oranlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma Düzce Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma
Projesidir (Proje No: 2015.04.03.312).Yöntem:
Hiperkapnik Solunum Yetmezliği
Gelişen 22 Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH) hastalarına AVAPS modu uygulandı.
Başlangıç parametreleri olarak; AVAPS Modunda
IPAP Max 20 cm
H2O, IPAP Min 12 cm
H2O,  Hedef Tidal volüm= İdeal
kilo x 6 ml/kg, EPAP 5 cm
H2O ayarları ile başlanıp hastanın tolere ettiği ölçüde arttırılacak
ve SaO2 ≥ %90 olacak şekilde verildi. Hastaya verilen basınç
desteğinin 6 ml/kg TV’ü oluşturacak şekilde olmasına dikkat edildi. Hastaların NIV
bağlandıktan sonra 1, 2, 8 ve 24.  saatlerde
arter kan gazı kontrolleri, nabız, solunum sayısı, Borg dispne skalası
ölçümleri yapıldı.Bulgular:
Çalışmaya dahil edilen yaş ortalaması 70±10 olan 22 hastanın %72,7 (n:16)’si
erkekti. Geliş APACHE Skor ortalaması 16,50±4,24’tü. Geliş nabız ve solunum
sayısı ortamaları sırasıyla 96±13 ve
24±4 idi. Borg dispne skalası
ortancası 6 (min:2, max:8) idi. Hastaların %59 (n:13)’unda 24
saat içerisinde PH değerleri normal aralığına ulaştı. Hastaların NMV öncesi PH, PCO2, PaO2/FiO2
ve Borg dispne skalası değerler ile NMV uygulamasının 1, 2, 8, 24 saat PH, PCO2,
PaO2/FiO2 ve Borg dispne skalası değerleri
karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel anlamlı olarak PH (p<0,001) ve Pa02/FiO2
(p=0,002) değerlerinde artma, PCO2 veBorg dispne skalası
değerlerinde sırasıyla (p<0,001, p<0,001) azalma olduğu görüldü. İzlenen
parametrelerinde tümünde 1. Saatte anlamlı değişiklik görüldü. 24 saat izlenen hastaların sadece 1’i entübe
edilerek yoğun bakım ünitesine devri gerçekleştirildi. Hiçbir hastada
uyumsuzluk izlenmedi. Servis takipleri sonucunda hastaların %95 (n:21)’i evine
taburcu edilebildi.Sonuç: AVAPS modu ile NMV
uygulanmasında hasta uyumu ve klinik başarı oranlarının yüksek olduğu görüldü.
Apiterapi ve I. Ulusal Apiterapi Kongresi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Onur , ÜNAL Mustafa
Published: March 2018

Apiterapi, arı ve kovan ürünlerinin
tedavi amaçlı ilgili uzmanlar tarafından kullanılmasıdır. Tamamlayıcı ve
destekleyici bir tedavi yöntemi olan apiterapi ile akut veya kronik birçok
hastalık tedavi edilebilir. Ülkemizde henüz apiterapi konusunda yeterli sayıda
merkez bulunmamaktadır. Ulusal çerçevede ilk defa düzenlenen Apiterapi
Kongresi, ilgili bilim insanlarının çalışmalarını paylaşmaları ve apiterapinin
ülkemizdeki konumunu yüceltecek adımları atmaları için iyi bir fırsat
olmuştur.
Exploring Prevalence of Child Abuse: Use of ICAST-Retrospective Instrument with the First Year Medical Students in a University
Authors: Koc Esra Meltem , Sahin Daglı Figen , AKSAKAL Fatma Nur , AKSOY Hilal , KAHVECİ Rabia , Ayhan Baser Duygu , MEADS Catherine , Ozkara Adem
Published: March 2018

Introduction: This study determined the prevalence of child abuse in first year medical
students in a Turkish university using the ICAST-R, as well as the
relationships between sociodemographic data and abuse.

Materials&Methods: First-year medical
students in a Turkish university were surveyed between 15th-30th June 2012,
using ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool-Retrospective Version (ICAST-R) and a questionnaire to collect
sociodemographic data. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 15.0.

Results: The study
included 192 students, 56.8% female and 43.2% male. Physical, emotional and
sexual abuse were found in 14.6%; 32.3%; and 8.9% of participants,
respectively. No significant relation between gender and emotional abuse was
found (p= 0.775), whereas both physical and sexual abuse were more common in
males (p= 0.04; p= 0.018 respectively). There was a statistically significant
relation between emotional abuse and parental separation (p= 0,014).

Conclusion: Abuse is not rare among
the medical student participants, and several preventable factors could worsen
it. The findings have implications on how medical students are taught about
these issues.
Constituents of Tanacetum Abratonifolium
Authors: Zerenler Çalışkan Zerrin , GÖREN Nezhun
Published: March 2018

In this paper, terpenic metabolites of Tanacetum abratonifolium are
reported. Eight
known sesquiterpene lactones: tanachin (1),
tavulin (2),  tamirin (3),
spiciformin (4),  isospiciformin (5),
1β-hydroxy-6α-angeloxy-oxygermacra-4(5),10(14),11(13)-trien-8,12-olide (6), dentatin A (7), 1-β-hydroxy-6α-angeloyloxyeudesm-4(15), 11(13)-dien-8,12-olide
(8) as well as  α-amyrin (9) and β-sitosterol (10)
were isolated from the aerial parts of Tanacetum abratonifolium,
collected in East Turkey.
Evaluation of Most Effective Third-Party E-Commerce Platform in Senegal
Authors: Kama Mame Sanou
Published: March 2018

With the fast development of the new information and communication technologies and their current involvement in the business world, no country as less developed as it can be, can’t ignore them. Developed and emerging countries have understood it and have very early exploited the opportunities offered by these information and communication technologies. One of their most compelling opportunities is the emergence of electronic commerce. However, the e-commerce is not limited to the purchase and sale of goods and services through the Internet, but it requires a strategic regulation for its proper functioning; because its development passes through its proper functioning. In the majority of the less developed countries, e-commerce is still at its embryonic stage where the large part of online transactions happens in social networks like Facebook and Whatsapp. Senegal is one of those countries, therefore the objective of this research to find a solution on how to organize the Senegalese e-commerce market by proposing the most effective third-party e-commerce platform that can be suitable to its market. There are different types of e-commerce but the most known, used and that have proved their effectiveness are the B2B e-commerce, B2C e-commerce, and C2C e-commerce. According to the Statistics Portal, Statista, the B2B e-commerce worldwide gross merchandise volume was 7,300 billion USD in 2016 and the B2C e-commerce worldwide sales reached 1,859 billion USD the same year. As for the C2C e-commerce, eMarketer estimated its worldwide sales at 1,915 billion USD in 2016. Therefore, they are the third-party e-commerce platforms used as the alternatives and from which the best for the Senegalese e-commerce market is evaluated in the research through the use of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The results have shown the B2B third-party e-commerce platform to be the most effective for the Senegalese market; without overlap of alternatives within uncertainties as of the result of the sensitivity analysis.
The Distressing Effect of Non-Performing Assets to Asset Quality for Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Sporta Fred
Published: March 2018

Non-performing Assets is a ratio necessary when identifying financial distress effect on asset quality of financial institutions in Kenya specifically commercial banks in Kenya. Financial distress and asset quality have often been discussed separately in details, but not as satisfactorily this is because of its role of asset quality on distress risk levels of commercial banks. The current research established the distressing effect of non-performing assets on asset quality of Kenyan commercial banks. Nonloan ratio was represented by two variables: Non-performing assets to total loans ratio and Loan loss provision ratio. Thirty-eight Kenyan commercial banks were used for analysis for an eleven year period (2005-2015). Financial statements of commercial banks from CBK was used to extract secondary data for analysis. Results indicated that there a relationship between financial performance and capital adequacy regarding financial distress risk level. A correlation and panel regression analyses were carried out mainly to determine whether there was a relationship of non-performing assets and asset quality of commercial banks in Kenya, the outcome of the study indicated a positive relationship between Non-performing assets and asset quality. This study specifically gives a mindful and sense of reference to the depositor, all banking institutions including the commercial banks and policy-makers to high standards of asset quality by ensuring proper additional guidelines and controls are put in place to guard against non-performing loans.
ÁTMENET AZ INKLÚZIÓ KONTEXTUSÁBAN A SZÜLŐK SZEMSZÖGÉBŐL
Authors: Velisek-Braskó Ottilia
Published: March 2018

Azok a gyermekek, akik fejlődési nehézségekkel vagy zavarokkal élnek, sérültek, hátrányos helyzetűek vagy kiváló tehetséggel rendelkeznek, ők is ugyanolyan emberek, mint mindannyian. Ezek a különleges gyermekek különleges bánásmódot igényelnek a nevelés és oktatás folyamatában. Az inklúzió minden gyermek számára minőségi okta- tást jelent, amely a saját természetes környezetében valósul meg. Így a sebezhető cso- portba tartozó gyermekek egyaránt a többségi óvodákba és iskolákba járhatnak. Min- den gyermek érdeke, hogy a szülők és a pedagógusok közöttpartneri viszony alakuljon ki az oktatás folyamatában, különösen az inklúzió kontextusában. A gyermekek/tanu- lók áthaladását az oktatási rendszer szintjein, vagyis az alrendszerek közötti átlépést, átmenetnek (tranzíciónak) nevezzük. A különleges bánásmódot igénylő gyermekek szá- mára fontos, hogy folytatódjon az inkluzív oktatásuk az oktatási rendszeren keresztül. Ez a kutatási munka akülönleges gyermekek átmeneti időszakát és folyamatát közelíti meg aszülők szemszögéből, kiemelve a gyakorlatban lévő jó példákat és a nehézsége- ket is, amelyeket szükséges megoldani a sikeres és zökkenőmentesebb átmenetkhez.
KA „BOLJEM OD VASPITANJA”
Authors: Marojević Jovana
Published: March 2018

Graorac, I. (2017). Predškolska pedagogija, Zavod za udžbenike i SAJNOS, Novi Sad, str. 697
Croissance radiale et réponse au climat du pistachier de l’Atlas (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) dans le Parc national de Theniet El Had (Algérie)
Authors: Ifticene-Habani Naïma , Abdoun Fatiha
Published: March 2018

En Afrique du Nord, l’aire de répartition du pistachier de l’Atlas s’étend depuis l’Atlas tellien, où il se mêle au cèdre de l’Atlas, jusqu’au Sahara central où il côtoie l’acacia. Il possède une amplitude écologique remarquable et paraît candidat à une extension spatiale, à la faveur du réchauffement climatique. Après avoir rendu compte, dans un précédent article, des relations cerne-climat de cet arbre selon un gradient d’aridité, le présent travail concerne le déterminisme climatique de sa croissance radiale en milieu forestier, sous bioclimat subhumide. L’étude a été réalisée à Djebel Meddad sur deux expositions (nord et sud). L’analyse de la réponse aux événements climatiques extrêmes par le calcul des années caractéristiques révèle que le pistachier de l’Atlas est plus sensible aux événements extrêmes dans les expositions chaudes que fraîches, plus particulièrement aux événements qui inhibent la croissance. Les sensitivités moyennes sont très proches sur les deux versants mais restent faibles par rapport à celles obtenues dans les régions arides et semi-arides. L’analyse des indices de croissance montre que tous les cernes minces ou épais correspondent à des conditions particulièrement sèches ou pluvieuses. Les températures moyennes annuelles n’ont qu’un effet complémentaire. Aucun cerne extrêmement mince n’est enregistré au niveau des deux versants. Les fonctions de réponse montrent que les facteurs climatiques de l’année en cours jouent un rôle majeur dans la construction du cerne.
Une méthode simple et rapide pour l’évaluation de statistiques d’occupation du sol à l’aide d’images à très haute résolution acquises par mini-drone
Authors: Semeki Ngabinzeke Jean , Pitchugin Mikhail , Linchant Julie , Vermeulen Cédric , Kahindo Muhongya Jean-Marie , Lejeune Philippe
Published: March 2018

Le suivi de l’utilisation des terres par télédétection a récemment connu un essor important. Cela s’explique par une accessibilité accrue et souvent gratuite des images à (très) haute résolution ainsi que par le développement d’applications web destinées au suivi de l’utilisation des terres. L’accès à ces applications reste cependant soumis à l’existence d’une connexion Internet fiable faisant encore défaut dans certaines régions du globe. Dans ce contexte, la présente étude décrit une méthode permettant de produire des statistiques sur l’évolution de l’occupation du sol en réalisant une photo-interprétation par point sur des images en couleurs vraies à très haute résolution produites par mini-drone. La méthode utilise une application (PINT pour Photo-INTerprétation) intégrée dans le logiciel open source QGIS. Les surfaces de différentes occupations du sol sont dérivées des estimations des proportions de points affectées à chaque classe à partir d’une grille systématique. Pour illustrer l’intérêt de l’outil, l’étude considère les statistiques d’occupation du sol au sein de deux terroirs villageois du Complexe d’aires protégées de la Garamba, en République démocratique du Congo. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés avec ceux d’une cartographie de référence basée sur une photo-interprétation exhaustive après segmentation des images. Les écarts entre surfaces estimées par échantillonnage et surfaces de référence varient entre 0,2 % et 6,1 % pour les principales occupations du sol (forêts et savanes, défriches, jachères, implantations humaines et cultures). Des différences plus importantes (17,4 % et 13,4 %) sont enregistrées pour la classe « arbres isolés ». Le temps global de mise en œuvre de la méthode est de l’ordre de 60 ha par heure d’opérateur. L’utilisation du plugin PINT avec des images « drone » constitue une solution pertinente pour estimer des statistiques d’occupation du sol dans des régions web-isolées et pour des sites d’étendues de quelques (dizaines de) km².
Basic wood density variations of Parkia velutina Benoist, a long-lived heliophilic Neotropical rainforest tree
Authors: Morel Hélène , Lehnebach Romain , Cigna Jérémy , Ruelle Julien , Nicolini Eric , Beauchêne Jacques
Published: March 2018

L’analyse de la densité radiale des bois tropicaux révèle des profils linéaires et parfois curvilignes. Ce type d’étude ne prend généralement pas en compte les variations longitudinales, qui sont considérées comme similaires aux variations radiales. La présente étude vise à mettre en lumière (1) un nouveau profil curviligne de la densité radiale du bois, (2) des différences d’amplitude entre les gradients radiaux et longitudinaux et (3) à classer les variations de la densité du bois (DB) selon différentes échelles pour Parkia velutina, essence émergente des forêts humides néotropicales. La variabilité de la densité du bois a été évaluée sur des rondelles entières recueillies sur six arbres abattus et des carottes radiales prélevées sur dix arbres sur pied, et le taux de croissance en hauteur par des prélèvements sur un axe dominant. Cette essence montre des taux de croissance très élevés indicatifs d’un tempérament héliophile. La DB varie de 0,194 à 0,642 g/cm3, amplitude rarement observée au sein d’un même arbre. La variation radiale de la DB est curviligne, l’amplitude radiale étant généralement plus faible qu’en longitudinal. En conséquence, pour les arbres matures, les valeurs DB dans les houppiers sont plus élevées que dans le tronc. Les variations de la DB peuvent être très significatives à différentes échelles. Le partitionnement de la variance montre également que l’estimation intra-individu de la DB pour l’essence Parkia velutina est plus précise si l’on prend en compte à la fois le gradient longitudinal et radial.
A Porcine Ex Vivo Model of Pigmentary Glaucoma
Authors: Dang Yalong , Waxman Susannah , Wang Chao , Loewen Ralitsa T. , Sun Ming , Loewen Nils A.
Published: March 2018

Pigment dispersion can lead to pigmentary glaucoma, a poorly understood condition of younger myopic eyes with fluctuating high intraocular pressure. It has been difficult to investigate its pathogenesis without a model similar to human eyes in size and behavior. Here we present a porcine ex vivo model that recreates several features of pigmentary glaucoma, including intraocular hypertension, accumulation of pigment in the trabecular meshwork, and declining phagocytosis. We found that trabecular meshwork cells regulate outflow, form actin stress fibers, and have a decreased phagocytic activity. Gene expression microarrays and a pathway analysis of TM monolayers as well as ex vivo anterior segment perfusion cultures indicated that RhoA plays a central role in regulating the cytoskeleton, motility, and phagocytosis in the trabecular meshwork, providing new insights and targets to investigate in pigmentary glaucoma.
Fully Kinetic Simulation of Ion-Temperature-Gradient Instability in Tokamaks
Authors: Hu Youjun , Miecnikowski Matthew T. , Chen Yang , Parker Scott E.
Published: March 2018

The feasibility of using full ion kinetics, instead of gyrokinetics, in simulating low-frequency Ion-Temperature-Gradient (ITG) instabilities in tokamaks has recently been demonstrated by Sturdevant et al. [Physics of Plasmas 24, 081207 (2017)]. In that work, a variational integrator was developed to integrate the full orbits of ions in toroidal geometry, which proved to be accurate in capturing both the short-time scale cyclotron motion and long time scale drift motion. The present work extends that work in three aspects. First, we implement a relatively simple full orbit integrator, the Boris integrator, and demonstrate that the accuracy of this integrator is also sufficient for simulation of ITG instabilities. Second, the equilibrium magnetic configuration is extended to general toroidal configuration specified numerically, enabling simulation of realistic equilibria reconstructed from tokamak experiments. Third, we extend that work to the nonlinear regime and investigate the nonlinear saturation of ITG instabilities. To verify the new numerical implementation of the orbit integrator and magnetic configuration, the linear electrostatic ITG frequency and growth rate are compared with those given in Sturdevant's work and good agreement is found.
Et vocatum est nomen eius IESVS. L’onomastique divine dans la pensée cabbalistique chrétienne de Niccolò Camerario // The Names of God in the Christian Kabbalah of Niccolò Camerario
Authors: BUZZETTA Flavia
Published: March 2018

Cet article prend en considération les théories hétérogènes de la Cabbale chrétienne sur les différents noms de Dieu et de Jésus dans le contexte de la pensée syncrétique de la Renaissance. En particulier, on prendra en examen les textes de Niccolò Camerario (1469–1532). Son épitre sur le nom de Jésus et la Nova Expositio super Evangelio peuvent être considérées comme des exemples de la lecture chrétienne du Tétragramme et d’une interprétation christologique des doctrines cabbalistiques juives. // The article examines the theories by the early Christian Kabbalists about the different names of God and of Jesus in the context of the Renaissance syncretistic thought. The study focused especially on the writings of Niccolò Camerario (1469–1532). His letter on the name of Jesus and the Nova Expositio super Evangelio are some examples of a Christian reading of the Tetragrammaton as expression of new Christological interpretations to Jewish Kabbalistic doctrines.
Ptolemaic Orbs in Twelfth-Century England: A Study and Edition of the Anonymous Liber de motibus planetarum
Authors: NOTHAFT C. Philipp E.
Published: March 2018

This article offers the first study and critical edition of the Liber de motibus planetarum (Lmp), a neglected Latin text on planetary theory that appears anonymously and without any clear indication of date or place of origin in nine manuscripts of the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. An analysis of its sources and parallels to other Latin treatises and translations from Arabic indicates that the Lmp originated in England in the third quarter of the twelfth century. A plausible terminus post quem is provided by the appearance of similar passages in the anonymous treatise Ptolomeus et multi sapientum (1145), which can be linked to Abraham Ibn Ezra and his astronomical tables for the meridian of Pisa. The Lmp would appear to be historically significant for its relatively detailed textual and diagrammatic presentations of Ptolemy’s planetary models as composed of multipart physical orbs. While it is generally accepted that physicalized or ‘orbed’ versions of these models entered Latin astronomy through the influence of Ibn al-Haytham’s Maqāla fī hayʾat al-ʿālam (On the Configuration of the World), the early history of this idea in a Latin context has not been studied to any deeper extent. In this regard, the Lmp offers clear evidence that Ptolemaic orbs and diagrams representing them already were a part of Latin astronomy three centuries before Peuerbach’s Theoricae novae planetarum (1454).
Coexistence of endothelial dysfunction, fibrinolysis activation and diminished interleukin 6 level in morbid obesity
Authors: Iwan-Ziętek Iza , Szot Katarzyna , Michalska Małgorzata , Adamczyk Przemysław , Chojnowski Jacek , Góralczyk Krzysztof , Ruszkowska-Ciastek Barbara , Bednarek Grażyna , Sulikowski Tadeusz , Ziętek Zbigniew , Rość Danuta
Published: March 2018

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Celem pracy była ocena wybranych parametrów dysfunkcji śródbłonka i hemostazy u chorych z otyłością. Badania dotyczące zaburzeń komórek śródbłonka w otyłości ogromnej są w literaturze spotykane zaskakująco rzadko.Materiały i metody: Badanie przeprowadzono u 74 chorych z otyłością ze wskaźnikiem masy ciała (BMI) >40 kg/m2 oraz u 30 zdrowych ochotników z prawidłowym BMI. W osoczu krwi chorych przeprowadzono testy stężenia: rozpuszczalnej formy trombomoduliny (sTM), antygenu czynnika von Willebranda (vWF:Ag), antygenu tkankowego aktywatora plazminogenu (t-PA:Ag) i antygenu inhibitora aktywatora plazminogenu typu 1 (PAI-1:Ag) oraz rozpuszczalnej frakcji selektyny E i P (sE-selektyny i sP-selektyny). Dokonano także pomiaru stężenia interleukiny 6 (Il-6).Wyniki: Wyniki badań wskazały znaczne zwiększenie stężenia sTM, t-PA:Ag, PAI-1:Ag i sE-selektyny oraz istotne zmniejszone stężenie vWF:Ag i sP-selektyny w otyłości ogromnej w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Wykazano także w otyłości ogromnej obniżenie stężenia Il-6.Wnioski: W otyłości ogromnej dochodzi do uszkodzenia śródbłonka, co zwiększa ryzyko ewentualnych powikłań zakrzepowo-zatorowych. Zwiększenie składowych układu fibrynolizy oraz hamowanie aktywacji płytek można traktować jako mechanizmy kompensacyjne zmniejszające ryzyko powikłań. Spadek stężenia Il-6 może być wyrazem ograniczania procesu zapalnego, ale równocześnie może to być przyczyna zwiększonej podatności na choroby infekcyjne.
Seronegative Miller–Fisher syndrome with bulbar palsy – reference to the spectrum of autoimmune neuropathies with the presence of antiganglioside antibodies. A case report
Authors: Meller Agnieszka , Gołąb-Janowska Monika , Osuch Zofia , Maj Michał , Nowacki Przemysław
Published: March 2018

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Zespół Millera–Fishera jest rzadkim wariantem ostrej zapalnej poliradikulopatii demielinizacyjnej.Opis przypadku: Przedstawiono przypadek rzadkiej klinicznej manifestacji zespołu Millera–Fishera pod postacią dyzartrycznej mowy oraz dysfagii spowodowanej porażeniem podniebienia miękkiego. Objawy były poprzedzone problemami z równowagą, zaburzeniami widzenia oraz drętwieniem kończyn górnych. W surowicy krwi stwierdzono ujemne przeciwciała anty-GQ1b.W leczeniu zastosowano 5 cykli plazmaferezy. W 16. dniu hospitalizacji odnotowano zmniejszenie ataksji, a także poprawę w zakresie ruchomości gałek ocznych oraz chodu. Po 8 tygodniach od początku wystąpienia objawów choroby uzyskano całkowite ustąpienie deficytu neurologicznego.
Pierwotne i wtórne zapalenia naczyń układu nerwowego
Authors: Wańkowicz Paweł , Nowacki Przemysław , Brzosko Marek
Published: March 2018

ABSTRAKTZapalenia naczyń ośrodkowego i obwodowego układu nerwowego stanowią heterogenną grupę chorób. Dzieli się je na zapalenia pierwotne i wtórne. W pierwotnych zapaleniach naczyń zmiany ograniczają się do układu nerwowego, bez zmian zapalnych w naczyniach innych narządów. Jako wtórne natomiast określa się zapalenia naczyń, w których zajęcie układu nerwowego towarzyszy chorobom ogólnoustrojowym. W przebiegu zapalenia naczyń układu nerwowego występuje różnorodność objawów neurologicznych i ich kombinacje, co sprawia, że są trudne do rozpoznania.Celem niniejszej publikacji był przegląd aktualnej symptomatologii neurologicznej oraz możliwości diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych w przebiegu zapalenia naczyń układu nerwowego.
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Published: March 2018

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Optimal Design and Uncertainty Assessment of CO2 WAG Operations: A Field Case Study
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Wang Shuhua , Yuan Bin , Chen Shengnan
Published: March 2018

While CO2 flooding is expected to increase oil recovery, deviations of actual production from predicted values add significant challenges when optimizing flood design under uncertain conditions. The aim of this paper is to introduce a comprehensive optimization process with uncertainty analysis to obtain a more plausible decision for a field application scenario. In this paper, a comprehensive optimization process is developed to optimize the production performance of entire production lifespan for a CO2-WAG EOR process in Pubei reservoir, Turpan-Hami Basin. Start times of the waterflooding and CO2 WAG proess (i.e., durations of the primary production and waterflooding) are also included in the optimization process as well as the producer's bottomhole pressures and injection rates, in addition to the water and gas injection rates for the WAG process, WAG ratio, and well bottomhole pressures at the producers. The comparison is then performed between the conventional WAG optimization processes with the comprehensive optimization process. A total of 80 reservoir realizations is generated and history-matched to consider the impacts of the geological uncertainty on the optimization process. Finally, the reliability of this optimization design is quantified under the geological uncertainty. Results from a deterministic comprehensive optimization design demonstrate that the oil recovery and NPV of the optimized CO2-WAG process are increased by 23.4% and 51.3%, respectively, in comparison to the optimal case obtained by the conventional WAG optimization process. After incorporating uncertainties into the geological model, the distributions of oil recovery and NPV, including P10, P50, P90 are quantified. Based on uncertainty assessment, it is found that the optimized CO2-WAG scheme is a reliable scheme for the reservoir development. This paper provides quantitative insights on the significance of both geological and operational factors on the reliability of optimal design over the entire life span of a CO2 WAG operation. It is expected that the integrated workflow will help operators to optimize well performance more efficiently and predict production performances with higher reliability.
Gravity-Stable Processes for Dipping or Thick Reservoirs
Authors: Doorwar Shashvat , Lee Vincent , Davidson Andrew , Malik Taimur , Dwarakanath Varadarajan
Published: March 2018

Traditionally, all surfactant processes require viscous polymer to mobilize the oil bank. Recent literature shows that for highly dipping reservoirs, a continuous surfactant injection process can be stabilized with gravity alone, by slowing down the processing rate. We extend the gravity stable approach for surfactant slug processes and demonstrate the importance of maintaining gravity stability between slug and chase in addition to gravity stability between microemulsion and slug. Four sandpack experiments were conducted and pictures of the sandpack were taken at regular intervals to provide visual evidence of stable or unstable interfaces. Different color dyes were used to aid visualization of clear fluids. Gravity-stabilized surfactant-only processes eliminate the need of polymer and other facilities associated with surfactant polymer or alkali-surfactant-polymer processes. The slug process described in this paper is a significant improvement on the continuous surfactant injection gravity stable process published earlier.
A Review of Responses of Bulk Gel Treatments in Injection Wells-Part I: Oil Production
Authors: Aldhaheri Munqith , Wei Mingzhen , Zhang Na , Bai Baojun
Published: March 2018

As lifespan extenders, bulk gels have been widely applied to rejuvenate oil production from uneconomic producers in mature oilfields by improving sweep efficiency of IOR/EOR floodings. This paper presents a comprehensive review for the responses of injection-well gel treatments implemented between 1985 and 2014. The survey includes 61 field projects compiled from SPE papers and U.S. DOE reports. Seven parameters related to the oil production response were evaluated according to the reservoir lithology, formation type, and recovery process using the univariate analysis and stacked histograms. The interquartile range method was used to detect the under-performing and over-performing gel projects. Scatterplots were used to identify effects of the injected gel volume and the treatment timing on the treatment responses.

Results indicated that gel treatments have very wide ranges of responses for injection and production wells and for oil and water rates/profiles. The typical incremental oil production is 116 MSTBO per treatment, 15 STBO per gel barrel, or 10 STBO per polymer pound. We identified that gel treatments perform more efficiently in carbonate than in sandstone reservoirs and in naturally-fractured formations than in other formation types. In addition, the incremental oil production considerably increases with the channeling strength and the injected gel volume for all formation types, not just for the matrix-rock reservoirs. Moreover, gel treatments applied in naturally-fractured formations have lower productivities in sandstones than in carbonates based on the normalized performance parameters.

Declining tends were identified for all parameters of the oil production response with the treatment timing indicators. The sooner the gel treatment is applied; the faster the response and the larger the incremental oil production and its rate. It is recommended to allow longer evaluation times for gel treatments applied in matrix-rock formations or in mature polymer floodings as their response times may extend to several months. Gel treatments would perform more efficiently if they are conducted at water cuts <70%, flood lives <20 years, or recovery factors <35%. For different application environments, the present review provides reservoir engineers with updated ideas about what are the low, typical, and high performances of gel treatments when applied successfully and how other treatment aspects affect the performances.
High Throughput Coreflood Experimentation as a Tool for EOR Project Design
Authors: Youssef Souhail , Mascle Matthieu , Vizika Olga
Published: March 2018

To speed up coreflood experiments, we have developed a state of the art experimental setup (CAL-X) designed for high throughput coreflood experimentation. The setup is composed of an X-ray radiography facility, a fully instrumented multi-fluid injection platform and a dedicated X-ray transparent core holder. The equipment was designed to handle small samples of 10 mm in diameter and 20 mm in length, and can be operated at up to 150 bar and 150 °C. The X-ray facility consists of a high power X-ray tube and a high speed-low noise detector allowing real-time radiography acquisition and offering sufficient density resolution to use dopant-free fluids. The injection platform is fully automated and allows the control and monitoring of different parameters (pressure, temperature, flow rate…). 1-D and 2-D saturation profiles are followed in real-time, allowing a precise determination of the recovery curve, reducing thus drastically time-consuming effluent measurements. Using this setup, a typical coreflood experiment can be run in less than a day. To validate the setup we have run a series of experiments on water-wet sandstone samples to determine capillary desaturation curve, steady-state relative permeabilities and recovery factor for a formulation designed for high temperature conditions (110°C). The results show good repeatability as well as good agreement when compared to standard coreflood experiments. In the recovery factor experiment, during surfactant injection, the formation and displacement of an oil bank was observed, yielding a recovery factor of 92% OOIP.
A Novel Experimental Approach for Accurate Evaluation of Chemical EOR Processes in Tight Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Chevalier Thibaud , Labaume Julien , Gautier Serge , Chevallier Eloïse , Chabert Max
Published: March 2018

The sustained lower oil price for the last three years has shifted tight oil industry interest from an intensive drilling and completion based approach to more cost effective methods aimed at maximizing rates and ultimate recovery from existing wells. In that framework, application of conventional EOR methods to unconventional tight oil well has gained momentum in the recent period, with theoretical and experimental evaluation of approaches ranking from water and CO2 flooding to huff'n puff with chemicals. For that purpose, usual EOR experiments used for conventional rock cannot always be applied due to the extremely low volumes and permeability of tight reservoir rocks. This can lead to inaccurate results or extremely long experimental times. Here, we present a novel method for rapidly evaluating oil production by EOR methods in micro-Darcy permeability reservoir rock, and apply it to evaluate various chemical EOR approaches for unconventional tight oil wells.

Our method relies on a fast screening and a continuous NMR monitoring of fluid saturations during imbibition experiments at reservoir temperature in miniaturized plugs. This permits to evaluate oil and water saturations in the rock samples as a function of time without having to interrupt the experiment for carrying out measurements. We validate this method by evaluating recovery from 10 μD sandstones and carbonates during imbibition of LowIFT formulations with various chemical additives. Despite the extremely low permeability, oil production from plugs using various chemicals can be evaluated and compared in less than 72 hours.

Our new protocol shall be of interest to all laboratories trying to adapt EOR techniques to unconventional reservoirs, by permitting a real-time accurate and quantitative evaluation of various EOR options. In addition, the data we generated using various chemical EOR techniques support the interest of using low-IFT inspired chemical EOR methods to improve the ultimate recovery from tight reservoirs.
De-Risking Alaskan Viscous Oil: Study, Field Trial Plans and Challenges for Improving Recovery via IOR/EOR
Authors: Garg A. , Paskvan F. , Jerauld G. , Gould T. , Skinner R.
Published: March 2018

This paper summarizes BP's Alaskan viscous oil resource appraisal strategy to de-risk viscous oil resource progression with a goal to improve recovery factor by 10%. A key to recovery improvement is application of improved oil recovery/enhanced oil recovery (IOR/EOR) methods. However, even after detailed studies, moving to the next stage including field pilots is not always easy in the mature and remote Alaskan North Slope.

The paper also covers BP's Alaskan viscous oil technology strategy, extraction technologies selection, simulation and analytical studies, laboratory studies, and field trials for various shortlisted methods. A comprehensive study strategy conducted for progressing chemical EOR processes is discussed. The paper also addresses the challenges of obtaining new core and fluid samples for laboratory studies and logistical and economic considerations for field trials due to location and weather conditions in this part of the world.
Results of the UK Captain Field Interwell EOR Pilot
Authors: Poulsen Anette , Shook G. Michael , Jackson Adam , Ruby Nicolas , Charvin Karl , Dwarakanath Varadarajan , Thach Sophany , Ellis Mark
Published: March 2018

An enhanced oil recovery (EOR) pilot was conducted by Chevron North Sea Limited ("Chevron") at the Captain Field in the UK North Sea between 2011 and 2013. Results from the polymer injection are presented along with an assessment of incremental oil recovery.

The polymer solution was selected and qualified using a combination of laboratory and yard tests to determine optimum specifications for injection. The selected polymer was initially tested in an injectivity test in 2010, followed by continuous polymer injection in 2011, after establishing a waterflood baseline. Continuous polymer injection was terminated in 2013 due to injectivity decline associated with polymer emulsion injection. An unambiguous response from the reservoir was observed with a significant uplift in oil production.

The three mechanisms of a successful polymer flood were observed and evaluated: (1) acceleration of oil production, (2) incremental oil production due to improved polymer sweep, and (3) water production and injection minimization. Our results demonstrate that waterflood recovery can be accelerated by polymer flooding. Secondly, incremental oil was produced due to increased volumetric sweep by changing the displacing phase fluid mobility with the viscosified polymer. Finally, the reduction in water production translates into reduced water handling and thereby lower operating costs.

Before and during the pilot chemical injection, production logging tools were run in the injector and producer to measure their respective outflow and inflow phase profiles along the horizontal completions. These logs confirmed that polymer promotes crossflow to make injection rates more uniform along the wellbore. We also drilled a post-polymer observation well in the swept zone between the pilot wells. Logs from this well established remaining oil saturations to polymer that we used to confirm our calculations for polymer flood volumetric sweep. The post-polymer flood oil saturations confirmed the performance of the polymer flood.

We show a full suite of surveillance data and its use in quantitative interpretation. We also show innovative uses of the surveillance data in our interpretation methods. The results prove the subsurface and operational success of polymer flooding a heavy oil reservoir with horizontal wells, even in a harsh offshore environment such as the UK North Sea.
Reducing Uncertainty at the Chichimene In Situ Combustion Pilot by Means of a Nitrogen Connectivity Test
Authors: Trujillo M. , Delgadillo C. , Niz-Velásquez E. , Claro Y. , Rodriguez E. , Rojas R.
Published: March 2018

Prior to starting any Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process, it is desirable to characterize the flow pattern within the affected reservoir volume. This becomes of critical importance for in situ combustion in heavy oil reservoirs, where the mobility ratio is highly unfavorable, oftentimes resulting in channeling or early breakthrough. An inter-well connectivity test through immiscible gas injection aids in characterizing the flow distribution, in addition to: 1) calibrating estimates for sweep efficiency, 2) evidencing geological features that may lead to preferential flow towards a particular well or group of them, or lack of connection amongst them, 3) creating a gas path between the injector and producer wells to enable a safe progression of the combustion front, and 4) evaluating the performance of artificial lift and well control systems under high gas-liquid ratio conditions.

A connectivity test using nitrogen was designed, implemented and evaluated at the Chichimene field, prior to the ignition of the in situ combustion pilot. This process is summarized and described in this paper. This will be the first in situ combustion trial in a deep (≈ 8,000 ft), extra-heavy oil reservoir, and will serve as a data source to evaluate the development of resources under similar conditions in the eastern plains basin of Colombia. This set of reservoirs bears a significant fraction of the hydrocarbon resources in the country and under Ecopetrol operation.

The importance of this pilot makes this connectivity test of even larger relevance to reduce the subsurface and operational uncertainty, identify risks, and increase the probability of success of the combustion process as an option to economically producing these resources.
Waterflood Forecasting for More Accurate EOR Performance Evaluation
Authors: Behzadi Hamid , Hampton David
Published: March 2018

This paper presents modeling CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) flood performance through the application of dimensionless scaling for both forecasting and surveillance purposes. While the methodology has been used successfully for West Texas CO2 floods for more than two decades, a recent modification in the process enhances the certainty of forecasted tertiary response based on simulation and analog results. The primary focus of this paper is on how this new approach improves the use of analog or observed production history to develop more reliable forecasts for EOR processes. Business units favor analog methods since they are fast, adaptable and explicit.

Analog tertiary production response is the incremental oil production over an estimated base waterflood oil recovery. The original formulation, published in a different paper (Simmons and Falls 2005), for the underlying base waterflood was modeled using an exponential decline throughput-based regression fit of historical pattern based performance, but in effective waterfloods, many times the oil production approaches a harmonic decline. In this paper, the impact of waterflood maturity level on analog dimensionless analysis is demonstrated by both simulation and multiple historical waterflood scenarios across the Permian Basin. The authors offer an improved approach to predict base waterflood and consequently tertiary oil recovery response. This method integrates multiple waterflood forecast methods, e.g., hyperbolic and dimensionless. The new approach results in a reduction in difference between simulation and analog forecasts. Also, the estimated final tertiary response using this method converges closer for various San Andres CO2 floods started at different times in West Texas. Finally, the modified analog response is compared against simulation.
Chemical EOR Under Harsh Conditions: Scleroglucan As A Viable Commercial Solution
Authors: Jensen T. , Kadhum M. , Kozlowicz B. , Sumner E. S. , Malsam J. , Muhammed F. , Ravikiran R.
Published: March 2018

While synthetic polymer floods are being deployed in mild temperature and low salinity fields, many oilfields (harsh conditions) remain inaccessible due to performance limitations, and concentration requirements, which adversely affect project economics. Historically, biopolymers have been considered in such reservoirs, with mixed results. Xanthan was used in the 1980's, while more recently schizophyllan polymer was tested in a pilot study. This study presents scleroglucan polymers as a class of viscosifiers that demonstrate excellent performance in harsh temperature and salinity reservoirs. Scleroglucan polymers do not suffer from catastrophic drop in viscosity in the presence of high concentration of divalent ions. This makes produced water re-injection projects without water treatment a reality. This work demonstrates that cost-effective, high purity EOR grade Scleroglucan polymers, show excellent performance in lab trials as related to excellent rheological properties, injectivity, bio and thermal stability and with minimal shear degradation.

Injectivity tests demonstrated good propagation through cores without blockage or injectivity issues. Resistance factors and residual resistance factors are in the desirable range. Core floods carried out in sandstone and carbonate outcrop cores demonstrated that adsorption values and oil recoveries are consistently in the expected range for polymer recoveries. Shear degradation studies showed that recycling scleroglucan through a centrifugal pump causes less than 5% drop in viscosity after 100 passes while synthetic polymer showed substantial loss after a single pass and a 50% drop after 10 passes through the same pump. Capillary shear testing (API RP 63 method) of scleroglucan shows little change in viscosity upon multiple passes through shear regimes greater than 150,000 s−1. Scleroglucan polymer solution showed less than 25% drop in viscosity after exposure to 115 °C for six months. No change in viscosity was observed at 95 °C after one year. Scleroglucan has no compatibility issues through 6 months (at 37, 85, and 95 °C) with glutaraldehyde and tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride (TTPC) biocides. Long term biostability studies at various temperatures and salinities are ongoing - current data will be presented. Scleroglucan has excellent stability in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ferrous species (Fe2+) under fully aerobic conditions!

This work provides insight on the potential of using EOR grade scleroglucan for CEOR in harsh condition reservoirs. Currently, the program is moving towards pilot implementation of a scleroglucan formulation to demonstrate large scale hydration, long term injectivity and oil recovery.