bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current structure, circulation and transport in the Central Baltic Sea observed by array of moorings and gliders
Authors: Liblik Taavi , Rak Daniel , Siht Enriko , Väli Germo , Karstensen Johannes , Tuomi Laura , Biddle Louise C. , Lilover Madis-Jaak , Skudra Māris , Naumann Michael , Lips Urmas , Mohrholz Volker
Published: August 2024

Abstract. An array of moored current meters and gliders were deployed across the Central Baltic Sea. Weak and low persistent currents driven by the wind-driven Ekman transport were observed in the upper layer in the offshore area. Stronger currents with higher persistency were observed near the coast, presumably driven by the local sea level gradient. The kinetic energy was largely observed to be in the low-frequency band (timescales >36 h), but higher kinetic energy on shorter timescales was observed in the areas, where the halocline was close to the seafloor. A strong and highly persistent gravity current was observed in the near bottom layer of the Fårö sill. Circulation pattern, current structure, and meridional transport varied on synoptic and seasonal timescale due to changes in local forcing and caused changes in the water column habitats. A low persistent, cyclonic gyre in the upper layer and meridional transport to the north in the deep layer prevailed in the seasonal (3–4 months) timescale. Circulation patterns with higher persistency formed under stable forcing. A cyclonic circulation in the upper layer was supported by southerly winds and reversed by northerly winds. Northward transport in the deep layer was intensified by northerly winds and reversed by southerlies. Due to the seasonality in the meridional wind component, the pattern associated with northerly (southerly) wind is more common in spring and summer (autumn and winter). The deep-water transport is approximately 400 km3 y-1 towards the Northern Baltic Proper, which is almost 1/3 of the total deep-water volume in the Northern Baltic Proper, Gulf of Finland, and Western Gotland Basin. This transport mostly occurs during spring and summer and brings denser, oxygen-depleted water to the deep layer of these areas.
Width evolution of channel belts as a random walk
Authors: Turowski Jens Martin , McNab Fergus , Bufe Aaron , Tofelde Stefanie
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Channel belts, floodplains and fluvial valley floors form by the mobilization and deposition of sediments during the lateral migration of rivers. Channel-belt width and its temporal evolution is important for the hydraulics, hydrology, and ecology of floodplains, and for human activities such as farming, protecting infrastructure, and natural hazard mitigation. Yet, we currently lack a comprehensive theoretical description of the width evolution of channel belts. Here, we explore the predictions of a physics-based model of channel-belt width for the transient evolution of channel belts. The model builds on the assumption that the switch of direction of a laterally migrating channel can be described by a Poisson process, with a constant rate parameter related to channel hydraulics. As such, the lateral migration of the channel can be viewed as a non-standard one-dimensional random walk. The model predicts three phases in the growth of channel belts. First, before the channel switches direction for the first time, the channel belt grows linearly. Second, as long as the current width is smaller than the steady state width, growth follows an exponential curve on average. Finally, there is a drift phase, in which the channel-belt width grows with the square root of time. We exploit the properties of random walks to obtain equations for the distance from a channel that is unlikely to be inundated in a given time interval (law of the iterated logarithm), distributions of first passage time and return to the origin, and the mean lateral drift speed of steady state channel belts. All of the equations can be directly framed in terms of the channel’s hydraulic properties, in particular its lateral transport capacity that quantifies the amount of material that the river can move in lateral migration per unit time and channel length. Finally, we derive the distribution of sediment residence times, and show that its right-hand tail follows a power-law scaling with an exponent of -1.5. As such, the mean and variance of ages of sediment deposits in the channel belt do not converge to stable values, but depend on the time since the formation of the channel belt. This result has implications for storage times and chemical alteration of floodplain sediments, and the interpretation of measured sediment ages. Our model predictions compare well to data of sediment-age distributions from various field sites and the temporal evolution channel belts observed in flume experiments. The theoretical description of the temporal evolution of channel-belt width developed herein provides a framework in which observational data can be interpreted, and may serve to connect models designed for long and short timescales.
Increasing numerical stability of mountain valley glacier simulations: implementation and testing of free-surface stabilization in Elmer/Ice
Authors: Löfgren André , Zwinger Thomas , Råback Peter , Helanow Christian , Ahlkrona Josefin
Published: August 2024

Abstract. This paper concerns a numerical stabilization method for free-surface ice flow called the free-surface stabilization algorithm (FSSA). In the current study, the FSSA is implemented into the numerical ice-flow software Elmer/Ice and tested on synthetic two-dimensional (2D) glaciers, as well as on the real-world glacier of Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard. For the synthetic 2D cases it is found that the FSSA method increases the largest stable time-step size at least by a factor of 5 for the case of a gently sloping ice surface (∼ 3°) and by at least a factor of 2 for cases of moderately to steeply inclined surfaces (∼ 6° to 12°) on a fine mesh. Compared with other means of stabilization, the FSSA is the only one in this study that increases largest stable time-step sizes when used alone. Furthermore, the FSSA method increases the overall accuracy for all surface slopes. The largest stable time-step size is found to be smallest for the case of a low sloping surface, despite having overall smaller velocities. For an Arctic-type glacier, Midtre Lovénbreen, the FSSA method doubles the largest stable time-step size; however, the accuracy is in this case slightly lowered in the deeper parts of the glacier, while it increases near edges. The implication is that the non-FSSA method might be more accurate at predicting glacier thinning, while the FSSA method is more suitable for predicting future glacier extent. A possible application of the larger time-step sizes allowed for by the FSSA is for spin-up simulations, where relatively fast-changing climate data can be incorporated on short timescales, while the slow-changing velocity field is updated over larger timescales.
Statistical tool for the estimation of body weight of lactating cows from 2D photographs
Authors: Deepthy M.S. , Unnikrishnan T. , Varma G. Girish , Prasad A.
Published: August 2024

Estimating the body weights of animals is an arduous task in livestock management. However, it is a vital tool in developing suitable breeding programmes,calculating the nutritional requirements, determining pharmaceutical doses of drugs and assessing feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality. In this study, we made an attempt to predict the bodyweights of lactating cows using images from various angles. Seventeen lactating cows from the University Livestock Farm and Fodder Research Station, Mannuthy, were selected randomly. Different body measurements of the animals were obtained manually and photographs of the lateral, rear, and dorsal views were taken using the demo version of the CAD-KAS measure-pictures 1.0 software. The surface area was estimated using the body length along the back on the midline from the withers to the croup and the maximum stomach width from the dorsal view photographs. A stepwise multiple linear regression model was used to predict the body weight of the animals. A regression equation fitted using the surface area and perpendicular length between the Tail Head above and the plane in level with the ventral line of the abdomen below yielded an R2 of 90.5 percent. This study suggests that models built using measurements retrieved from digital image analysis techniques can be used as a promising tool for predicting the body weight of animals. Keywords: Cattle, body weight, digital image analysis, multiple linear regression
TEACHING STATISTICS WITH POSITIVE ORIENTATIONS BUT LITTLE KNOWLEDGE? TEACHERS' PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE IN STATISTICS
Authors: HUBER SARAH , REINHOLD FRANK , OBERSTEINER ANDREAS , REISS KRISTINA
Published: August 2024

Research suggests teachers have positive motivational and emotional orientations regarding statistics but little statistical knowledge. How does this fit together? Since teachers’ professional competence in statistics has not been well explored, we asked 88 in-service mathematics teachers about their orientations regarding teaching statistics and tested their statistical content knowledge. First, we investigated how “positive” their orientations were by comparing them to their orientations regarding teaching fractions. Then, we analyzed relationships between teachers’ orientations and content knowledge in statistics using mixed-effects logistic regression models. The results showed that teachers’ orientations regarding teaching statistics were: (1) poorer than those regarding teaching fractions and (2) related to their statistical knowledge. Teachers with high self-efficacy showed higher knowledge than teachers with low self-efficacy, and anxious female teachers had higher knowledge than less anxious female teachers. We also found that knowledge decreased with increasing age of the teachers. The findings underscore the need to strengthen statistics in teacher education, including both content knowledge and the development of positive orientations.
PELECEHAN SEKSUAL PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN KUHP
Authors: Asrori Khozinatul , Ahmadi Moh
Published: August 2024

Pelecehan seksual merupakan permasalahan serius yang merusak martabat dan kesejahteraan individu dalam masyarakat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan membandingkan perspektif hukum Islam dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) terkait dengan pelecehan seksual. Dengan menganalisis pandangan hukum Islam dan KUHP, penulis mencari pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang bagaimana kedua sistem hukum tersebut mengatasi masalah pelecehan seksual, termasuk definisi, klasifikasi, dan konsekuensi hukumnya. Melalui pendekatan perbandingan, penulis juga berupaya untuk menyoroti perbedaan dan kesamaan antara perspektif hukum Islam dan KUHP dalam menangani pelecehan seksual, serta implikasinya dalam upaya pencegahan dan penegakan hukum. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan yang lebih luas tentang perlindungan terhadap korban pelecehan seksual dan langkah-langkah yang dapat diambil untuk memerangi fenomena ini dalam kerangka hukum yang berlaku.
POLA TREN HIJAB GENERASI Z STUDI KASUS MAHASISWI UIN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Ayundasari Dewi , Siregar Yusra Dewi , Yasmin Nabila
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan tren hijab di kalangan mahasiswi berbagai fakultas di UIN Sumatera Utara, dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor perubahan mahasiswi dalam style hijabnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan (Field Research) selama dua minggu. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswi berbagai fakultas di UIN Sumatera Utara menggunakan hijabnya mengikuti tren hijab yang sedang berkembang di era saat ini namun tetap paham akan kewajibannya sebagai seorang muslimah dalam menutup auratnya. Banyak tren hijab yang digunakan oleh mahasiswi UIN Sumatera Utara seperti tren hijab pashmina, tren hijab segiempat syar’i/jumbo, tren hijab segiempat lilit dileher, tren hijab malay/bawal, tren hijab segiempat bella square, tren hijab segiempat motif dan tren hijab instan bergo. Adapun faktor yang melatar belakangi mahasiswi melakukan perubahan dalam style hijabnya karena adanya faktor eksternal dan faktor internal. Faktor eksternal meliputi: Keluarga, lingkungan dan teman terdekat, serta media sosial, sedangkan faktor internal karena adanya pemahaman dan rasa ingin tahu yang tinggi dari dalam hati seseorang akan ajaran agama Islam.
NILAI-NILAI KEISLAMAN DALAM BUDAYA TRADISI JAMU LAUT PADA MASYARAKAT MELAYU PESISIR DESA JARING HALUS
Authors: Alfrilia Dwi Liza , Sayekti Retno , Ali Nasihudin
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tradisi jamu laut masyarakat melayu pesisir di Desa Jaring Halus, Kecamatan Secanggang, Kabupaten Langkat" yang terfokus pada sejarah terjadinya tradisi jamu laut yang ada di Desa Jaring Halus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini bahwa tradisi Jamu Laut ini sangat berarti bagi masyarakat Desa Jaring Halus. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitan sejarah. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan yang disarankan oleh Garraghan dengan langkah-langkah yaitu, Heuristik, Kritik Sumber, Interpretasi dan Historiografi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan dilakukannya 3 tahap yaitu, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.
Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat ditemukan dalam beberapa hal mengenai Tradisi Jamu Laut di Desa Jaring Halus, bahwa tradisi jamu laut pada Desa Jaring Halus merupakan tradisi yang sangat melekat pada jiwa masyarakat Desa Jaring Halus. Implikasi dari penelitian ini ialah dapat melihat kembali warisan budaya, mendapatkan nilai-nilai moral yang terkandung didalam tradisi ini.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ТРАНСКАСПИЙСКОГО МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ТРАНСПОРТНОГО МАРШРУТА
Authors: Кегенбеков Жандос , Гамидова Юлия , Бектурова Диана
Published: August 2024

В работе рассматриваются современные проблемы и перспективы Транскаспийского международного транспортного маршрута. Проводится анализ активности крупных геополитических игроков в регионе. Определяются приоритетные направления развития транспортно-логистического потенциала. Целью данной статьи является оценка текущего состояния транспортного коридора и возможностей дальнейшего развития. Актуальность работы обусловлена действительным интересом как со стороны государства, так и бизнес структур в части совершенствования транспортного маршрута и формирования устойчивого развития транзитного потенциала Республики Казахстан.
АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ КОММЕРЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ОТРАСЛИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Тулепекова Алданыш , Мусалиева Роза
Published: August 2024

В современном мире множество стран активно стремятся к цифровизации, в том числе в области транспорта и логистики, что становится приоритетным направлением развития. В Казахстане также прослеживается тенденция к цифровому прогрессу в сфере транспорта и логистики. Компании как государственные, так и частные, активно внедряют цифровые технологии для оптимизации перевозок, управления логистическими процессами и улучшения обслуживания .В статье рассматриваются результаты автоматизации коммерческих процессов логистического оператора через реинжиниринг и качественные выгоды от ее внедрения. Описываются методы автоматизации, приводятся примеры успешных реализаций, и анализируются результаты перехода клиентов на самообслуживание через онлайн интерфейс -личный кабинет клиента. Oсновной целью статьи является изучение влияния автоматизации на транспортно-логистическую отрасль, с использованием современных технологий для повышения эффективности и сокращения временных затрат. Также предлагаются методы и инструменты для решения этих задач. В результате исследования сделаны выводы, что автоматизация коммерческих процессов позволяет улучшить обслуживание клиентов, повысить конкурентоспособность, сократить расходы и облегчить работу сотрудников. Необходимость дальнейшего совершенствования инструментов автоматизации в соответствии с современными требованиями является актуальной.
КАРТИРОВАНИЕ ЗАСОЛЕННОСТИ ПОЧВЫ ЮГА КАЗАХСТАНА НА ОСНОВЕ СПУТНИКОВЫХ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ SENTINEL-2
Authors: Амиргалиев Едилхан , Атаниязова Айсулу , Мерембаев Тимур , Черикбаева Ляйля , Касымова Динара
Published: August 2024

В данной работе отражены результаты оценки степени засоленности почв юга Казахстане на основе технологий дистанционного зондирования Земли. Исследования были проведены на районах Алаколь, Шелек и Кунаев, расположенных в Алматинской области. Классификация почв по степени засоления была выполнена с помощью индексов, рассчитываемых по данным в спектральных каналах Sentinel-2. Ранее полученные полевые измерения и наземные наблюдения с помощью алгоритма машинного обучения LightGBM были использованы для подтверждения степени засоления почвы в районах, определенных на спутниковых снимках. На основании сравнительного анализа методов машинного обучения и дистанционного зондирования Земли выявлено, что они дают схожие результаты для оценки засоления почвы, когда исследуемая область не охватывает большой площади территории.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ МАРКЕТИНГОВЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ КАК ВЛИЯНИЕ НА СОЦИАЛЬНУЮ ИНЖЕНЕРИЮ: АНАЛИЗ И НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ РАЗРАБОТКИ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: Ауезханов Куат , Ла Лира
Published: August 2024

Комплексное изучение всех этапов маркетинговой деятельности, направленное на оценку эффективности влияния на социальную инженерию, единственная цель для разработки информационной системы. Для этого в статье рассмотрены вопросы анализа емкости рынка, доли рынка, конкурентной среды и многие другие аспекты экономической среды.  Изучение социальных факторов для маркетинговых процессов является жизненно необходимым для дальнейшей разработки новых стратегий и продвижения. В статье изучены и анализированы многофакторный анализ и перспективы развития и определения целевой аудитории, с помощью которого необходимо понять методологию измерения правильного канала продвижения продукта. Рассмотрены вопросы непрерывного процесса, который должен проводиться регулярно, в связи с изменением рынка, а также реагировать на новые тенденции, способность анализировать и возможность совершенствовать маркетинговую стратегию. Методы: комплексный анализ всех этапов маркетинговой деятельности; анализ емкости рынка; доля рынка; конкурентная среда; экономические факторы. Цель работы: оценка эффективности влияния маркетинговых процессов на социальную инженерию с целью разработки информационной системы, способной противостоять манипулятивным техникам. Статья вносит вклад в развитие области противодействия социальной инженерии, предлагая комплексный подход к изучению маркетинговой деятельности и разработке информационной системы. Практическая значимость: результаты исследования могут быть использованы для разработки практических рекомендаций по защите людей от манипуляций в сфере маркетинга.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНАЛИЗА ЗАЩИТЫ ДАННЫХ НА БАЗЕ ПРОГРАММНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ CRYPTOOL
Authors: Майданов Адил , Атанов Сабыржан , Молдамурат Хуралай , Ергалиева Бану , Оспанов Руслан
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема защиты данных в условиях возрастающих киберугроз и быстрого развития информационных технологий. Основное внимание уделено анализу возможностей программного обеспечения Cryptool, которое является мощным инструментом для изучения, тестирования и применения алгоритмов шифрования и криптоанализа. Статья подробно описывает функциональные возможности Cryptool, включая его применение в образовательных целях и для проведения комплексного анализа защиты данных. В работе освещены ключевые аспекты использования Cryptool, такие как его инструменты для анализа и оценки безопасности данных, а также способность программы поддерживать понимание криптографических методов и стандартов безопасности. Приведены примеры из практики, демонстрирующие эффективность Cryptool в различных сценариях защиты информации, включая анализ угроз и уязвимостей. Цель статьи - не только ознакомить с функционалом Cryptool, но и продемонстрировать его значимость и эффективность в области анализа защиты данных. Подчеркивается важность комплексного подхода к обучению в области кибербезопасности и разработке надежных стратегий защиты информации. Статья предназначена для специалистов в области кибербезопасности, исследователей, а также преподавателей и студентов, интересующихся темой защиты данных и криптографии.
SYNTHESIS OF A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF BLENDING AND MELTING OF COPPER CONCENTRATES
Authors: Imanbekova Ulzhan , Kalizhanova Aliya , Kozbakova Ainur , Imanbekova Aliya , Aitkulov Zhalau
Published: August 2024

This paper describes the synthesis of a control system for the technological process of blending and melting of copper concentrates. A basic mathematical model of the process is constructed taking into account the kinetics of chemical reactions, that is, all equations represent a mathematical model that describes the main physico-chemical and thermal transformations occurring in the considered zones of the process of charging and electric melting of copper concentrates. In this work, it is assumed that physico-chemical transformations of matter take place in the main bath. Then the material balance of the mat bath receiving zone (zone IV) consists of two items: the receipt of materials from zone III and the removal of materials with the resulting mat. Also, here the equations are a mathematical model describing the basic physico-chemical and thermal transformations occurring in the considered zones of the process of electric melting of copper concentrates. The constructed model can be further used in the field of automation of technological processes and productions, in metallurgy, in mechanical engineering, in industry.
ОПТИКАЛЫҚ ДАТЧИКТЕРДІҢ КӨМЕГІМЕН РАДИО БАҒЫТЫН ТАБУДЫҢ ЖОҒАРЫ ЖЫЛДАМДЫҚТЫ САНДЫҚ СПЕКТРЛІК - КОРРЕЛЯЦИЯЛЫҚ ӘДІСІТЕРІНЕ ШОЛУ
Authors: Абдыкадыров Аскар , Смайлов Нуржигит , Аналиева Ажар , Сәбиболда Әкежан
Published: August 2024

Радио бағытын анықтау (RDF) телекоммуникация, қорғаныс және сигналдық интеллектті қоса алғанда, әртүрлі қолданбалардағы маңызды әдіс болып табылады. Дәстүрлі RDF әдістері көбінесе антенна массивтеріне және аналогтық сигналдарды өңдеуге сүйенеді, олардың жылдамдығы мен дәлдігін шектейді. Бұл ғылыми зерттеу жұмысында біз радио бағытын анықтау жылдамдығы мен дәлдігін жақсарту үшін оптикалық сенсорлар мен жоғары жылдамдықты цифрлық спектрлік корреляцияны қолданатын озық тәсілдерге шолу жұмыстарын жүргіземіз. Сол сияқты инновациялық технологияның негізгі принциптерін, әдістерін және әлеуетті қолданбаларын талқылаймыз.
ЖЕР РЕСУРСТАРЫН ОҢТАЙЛАНДЫРУДЫҢ АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ЖҮЙЕСІН ҚҰРУ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ ЖӘНЕ ӘДІСТЕРДІ ТАЛДАУ
Authors: Тыныкулова Асемгуль , Муханова Аягоз , Дурбенов Райымбек , Мухамбетова Гайнеш , Тыныкулов Марат
Published: August 2024

Экожүйе қызметтерін ұсыну және биоәртүрлілікті сақтау мақсатында жерді оңтайлы пайдалану ауыл шаруашылығын басқарудағы негізгі міндеттердің бірі болып табылады. Жерді пайдалануды оңтайландыру біріншіден, белгілі бір аумақта жерді пайдаланудың қандай түрлері болуы керектігін, екіншіден, бұл жер пайдалану түрлерін нақты жер торабы бірліктеріне қалай бөлу керектігін қарастырады. Оңтайландыру әдістері әсіресе жерді пайдалану мәселелерін шешу үшін кең таралған; дегенмен, сәйкес әдісті таңдауды мүмкіндігі жоқ. Оңтайландыру әдістерінің нақты жағдайды зерттеу және қолдану мүмкіндігін арттыру мақсатында бұл зерттеу жұмысында ауыл шаруашылығы жерді пайдаланылатын оңтайландыру әдістеріне шолуды ұсынамыз. Бұл жұмыста жерді пайдалануды оңтайландырудің әдістерін жіктеу әдістерін пайдалан отырып шешімдерді қабылдау әдістерін жіктейміз және әр әдіске жеке жеке талдау жасап, олардың қолданылуын саралаймыз, сонымен қатар, жерді пайдалануды оңтайландырудің алгоритмдерін өзара салыстырып  зерттеп талдаймыз. Болашақ зерттеушілер үшін жерді пайдалануды оңтайландырудің ең тиімді әдістері ұсынылады.
УТИЛИЗАЦИЯ ОТРАБОТАННОГО ТЕПЛА И ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ЕГО В ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИЮ
Authors: Шарипов Турарбек , Таткеева Галина , Мехтиев Али , Калбаев Бексултан
Published: August 2024

В основных секторах потребления энергии включаются жилищное строительство и транспорт. В каждом из них часть потребляемой энергии обычно используется и обычно выбрасывается в окружающую среду в виде тепла, известного как отходы. Сначала подход заключается в оптимизации процессов для снижения расходов топлива. Затем, если остается остаточное отходное тепло, акцент смещается на превращение этого тепла в электричество для повышения эффективности. Для этой цели разрабатываются несколько технологий, таких как двигатель цикла органического Ранкина и концепция Турбосол, основанная на квазизотермическом расширении смеси воды и масла в сопле. Кроме того, продолжаются разработки поршневых двигателей на основе циклов Стирлинга, Эрикссона и Джоуля, объединенных под общим названием внешне нагреваемых двигателей. Научные исследования также охватывают термоэлектрические и термомагнитные эффекты. В этой статье приводится неполный список этих технологий с описаниями и комментариями с целью оценить их потенциал и выявить текущие ограничения. Оценка различных технологий с точки зрения эффективности согласно первому закону оказывается недостаточной, что приводит к предложению новых критериев. Предлагается оценивать потребление тепловой энергии относительно доступной тепловой энергии. Кроме того, для оценки качества превращения тепловой энергии в электроэнергию предлагается оценивать выходную мощность, деленную на потребление доступного тепла. Кроме того, предлагается оценивать коэффициент восстановления эксергии на основе второго закона термодинамики. Эти новые критерии для диссипации тепла сравниваются с классическим первым законом эффективности в различных сценариях. В настоящее время одним из главных вызовов является генерация достаточного количества электроэнергии для обеспечения прибыльности. Также выдвигаются некоторые термоэкономические соображения, включая потенциальное воздействие налогообложения отходного тепла.
РАЗРАБОТКА БОРТОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕАКТИВНЫХ СНАРЯДОВ НА БАЗЕ ПРОГРАММНО-КОНФИГУРИРУЕМЫХ ПЛИС
Authors: Мырзабеков Кенжебек , Ибраим Мерей , Алипбаев Куаныш , Нұрғизат Еркебұлан , Ораз Фариза
Published: August 2024

В условиях современной глобализации, усиление влияния транснациональных компаний и роста терроризма и экстремизма безопасность государства, прежде всего, зависит от безопасности его границ и боеспособности его вооруженных сил. Технология таких разработок во всем мире является секретной без права передачи третьим странам. В статье рассматривается вопрос разработки высокоточной системы управления и навигации для реактивных снарядов с криптографической защитой данных и использованием программно-конфигурируемых ПЛИС на основе интеллектуального анализа данных инерционной, магнитных и спутниковой систем.
МОРАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВОЙСК В БОЕВЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ МОРАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВОЙСК В БОЕВЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Узбекбаев Арман , Зыкова Наталья , Жетенбаев Нурсултан , Сұлтан Айдос
Published: August 2024

В современных боевых условиях морально-психологическое обеспечение (МПО) войск играет ключевую роль в поддержании их боеспособности и эффективности. Статья рассматривает важность МПО и интеграцию робототехники в процессы поддержания высокого уровня морального и психологического состояния солдат. Освещаются существующие подходы к МПО, включая информационно-пропагандистскую, военно-социальную, психологическую поддержку и культурно-досуговую деятельность. Акцентируется внимание на потенциале технологических инноваций, таких как роботы-компаньоны и автоматизированные системы поддержки, и их влиянии на морально-психологическое состояние военнослужащих. В статье анализируется как психологический аспект использования робототехники, так этические и моральные вопросы, связанные с её применением в боевых условиях. Рассматриваются примеры из практики, демонстрирующие успешное применение робототехники для улучшения МПО в разных странах. Заключительная часть статьи посвящена значимости интеграции робототехники в МПО и перспективам дальнейших исследований в этой области, подчеркивается важность постоянного развития и адаптации подходов к МПО в соответствии с меняющимися условиями военной деятельности и технологическим прогрессом.
К ВОПРОСУ ПРИ¬МЕНЕНИЯ ГИБКИХ ОБОЛОЧЕК В КАЧЕСТВЕ АМОРТИЗАТОРОВ ПРОДОЛЬНЫХ УДАРНЫХ НАГРУЗОК ВАГОНА
Authors: Мусаев Жанат , Ахметова Патам , Утепова Акерке , Туркебаев Мукангали , Аширбаева Ирина
Published: August 2024

В статье изучено одно из перспективных направлений снижения динамических нагрузок в системе вагон-груз за счет применения конструктив­ных элементов в виде гибких оболочек, изготовляемых из высоко­прочных полимерных и резинотканевых материалов. Приведены результаты иссле­дований продольных ударных нагрузок, действующих на вагон при упругом креплении груза с использованием гибких оболочек и при жестком креплении с помощью распорок. Рассмотрена возможность при­менения гибких оболочек в качестве амортизаторов продольных ударных нагрузок вагона, которая показывает их высокую эффективность в обеспечении сохранности вагонов и перевозимых грузов. Для определения нагруженности гибких резиновых оболочек-амортизаторов при продольных ударных нагрузках грузового вагона авторами предложена программа на основе метода конечных элементов для решения уравнений движения, которая позволяет выполнять контроль степени нагрузки резиновых амортизаторов для повышения работоспособности и обеспечения сохранности перевозимого груза.
DIRECTIONS FOR FORMING AN INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM FOR DEVELOPING A STATE GENDER POLICY
Authors: Tiurina D.
Published: August 2024

The article examines issues of the existing institutional mechanism for developing a national gender policy. Issues of equality for women and men are guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine and other legislative acts. The paper highlights the necessity for integrating the gender approach in all areas of state policy.
The author analyzes functions of various state and local authorities responsible for implementing a standard policy on gender equality.
The paper highlights that the institutional framework of the national gender policy is a complicated and complex issue that encompasses various areas.
The author emphasizes that gender equality is the equal legal status of women and men and equal opportunities for its realization, which enables individuals of both sexes to participate equally in all the areas of public life. The paper contains a comprehensive analysis of the state mechanism for ensuring gender equality as a system of international, national, regional, and local institutions aimed at establishing the principles of gender equality in various areas of social life and guaranteeing the development of gender strategies and a corresponding state gender policy.
The research results in developing ways for combating gender inequality in governmental institutions (statistical, sociological, normative, informational, and educational ones).
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF ADVERTISING ACTIVITIES AND COMMUNICATION POLICY FOR THE FORMATION OF STATE SECURITY
Authors: Azhazha M.
Published: August 2024

The influence of digitalization on the communication and advertising policy of the state in the context of increasing public influence and the formation of the security system is studied. It was emphasized that it is important to systematically monitor the effectiveness of communication and advertising strategies and measures used by the state to interact with the public and form a positive social influence and the appropriate level of the state. We believe that studying the impact of advertising in official publications (in particular, Internet advertising) on the public allows us to assess how government communication affects the public, its awareness and perception. Identification of insufficiently transparent or unreliable practices of communication policy, which can help identify cases of misinformation, unreliable communication and contribute to the improvement of communication policy, increasing public trust in the actions of the state. In this context, the current legal framework of Ukraine in the field of advertising and communication activities was analyzed. It is recommended to use new technologies and communication tools, improve transparency, ensure access to information and increase activity in interaction with the public and increase your influence on society through the introduction of effective strategies and measures of advertising and communication policy. It was determined that the state's active use of advertising, mediatization, mass media and social networks, establishing relations with journalists, publishing press releases on websites, as tools of communication with the public, ensures participative management, involvement of the public in dialogue.
La Importancia de la Investigación de Mercado en el Tenis
Authors: Mäenpää Olli , Jobson Jonathan , Löffler Carola
Published: August 2024

Este artículo resume los principales resultados de la encuesta de Tenis Europa sobre la Nueva Generación, y enfatiza los aspectos comerciales de la relación jugador –entrenador.
Nutrition Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Güngör Sedef
Published: August 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental problem of unknown etiology with an increasing prevalence. Genetic and environmental factors are known to be effective in ASD. Gastrointestinal system (GIS) problems are frequently observed. It is stated that GI problems may be a triggering factor for the abnormal behaviors seen in ASD. There are various nutritional approaches such as gluten-free-casein-free diet, ketogenic diet, Feingold diet to alleviate behavioral symptoms and GI problems seen in ASD. This review aimed to assess the effects of scientific evidence-based nutritional approaches on autism symptoms.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; ASD; eating patterns; food selectivity; nutrient intake.
The effect of intracisternal administration of hyaluronidase on the body of cattle
Authors: Zalevsky A. A. , Nikolaev S. V.
Published: August 2024

The aim of the research was to determine the magnitude of the irritant effect on breast tissue and the morphobiochemical composition of blood in lactating cows with a single intracisternal administration of hyaluronidase. To do this, 1,280 units of hyaluronidase prepared in 10 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution were injected once into the posterior right quarter of the experimental group (n=10). The first heifers of the control group (n = 10) received a saline solution in its pure form. Before and after the administration of the drugs, the electrical conductivity and concentration of somatic cells in milk were determined (by the viscometric method), as well as the morphobiochemical composition of blood was studied. It was found that 12 hours after the introduction of the enzyme, the electrical conductivity of the secretion decreased by 7.6% (P ≤ 0.05), and after the first day it was completely restored to its initial values. The dynamics of the level of somatic cells 6 and 12 hours after the application of hyaluronidase in 40% of animals was characterized by values above 500 thousand / ml, and the average concentration of cells increased by 3 times. After the first and second days, the level of inflammatory reaction cells decreased by 2.0...2.5 times, relative to peak values. After 72 hours, the cell content in the secret decreased by 2.8 times in relation to the values obtained after 6 hours and by 27.7% in relation to the values established a day after the application of hyaluronidase, and did not significantly differ from the indicators before the introduction of the enzyme. The use of the drug did not significantly affect the morphobiochemical parameters of the blood of experimental animals. Thus, a single intracisternal administration of 1280 units of hyaluronidase to lactating cows is accompanied by a slight and short-term irritating effect on udder tissue, which allows further studies of this drug in the pharmacocorrection of breast pathologies.
To study the spectral characteristics of melamine to assess the safety of milk and its processed products during laboratory control
Authors: Kalyuzhnaya T. V. , Drozd A. V.
Published: August 2024

Existing methods for the determination of melamine in milk and its processed products are time-consuming to reproduce, require special equipment, training of personnel to work on this equipment, the use of chemical reagents and auxiliary equipment, often expensive. A separate area in the analysis of food products is spectroscopy in the middle infrared range, used to identify substances. The aim of the work was to record and analyze the infrared spectra of a standard sample of melamine in the middle spectral range using an NSAID prefix, a collapsible liquid cuvette and vaseline, as well as in tablets with KBr. The research was carried out in stages on the basis of the educational and research center for the examination of food and Animal Feed of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine in 2024. A standard sample of melamine was used as the research materials. At the first stage, the spectra of a standard sample of melamine were recorded using an infrared Fourier spectrometer "InfraLUM FT-08" and an NPVO prefix with a ZnSe crystal. At the next stage, the spectra of a standard sample of melamine in petroleum jelly were taken using a collapsible liquid cuvette, and then melamine pressed into tablets with KBr. As a result of the conducted studies, the presence of absorption bands of varying degrees of intensity in the IR spectra of the standard melamine sample was established, characterizing various types of fluctuations in the bonds of NH and CH groups. When comparing the IR spectra of melamine obtained at different stages of the study, a decrease in the intensity of the recorded absorption bands in different regions of the middle spectral range was revealed when using a liquid cuvette with vaseline and tablets with KBr. In addition, it was found that the IR spectrum of melamine obtained using the NSAID prefix exceeded the intensity of the absorption bands of similar spectra taken using KBr tablets and a liquid cuvette with vaseline.
The effect of an organomineral chelate complex on the amylolytic activity of intestinal enzymes of some fish species
Authors: Polistovskaya P. A. , Karpenko L. Yu. , Makhnin I. A. , Azhikina O. Yu.
Published: August 2024

To date, there is a large amount of information regarding the effect of heavy metals on the hydrolases of the digestive tract. It has been established that even biogenic metals in high concentrations can have a toxic effect. The assessment of the activity of digestive hydrolases is relevant, since a change in their activity has a direct effect on the effectiveness of assimilation of food. Amylolytic hydrolases help to provide the body with carbohydrates (along with fats) – the main sources of energy for fish. A decrease in the intake of carbohydrates will lead to a violation of metabolic processes and, as a result, underdevelopment and death of fish. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of an organomineral chelate complex on the amylolytic activity of intestinal enzymes of some fish species. The research was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine and on the basis of two fisheries in the Leningrad Region. The fish of the experimental groups (n = 10) were given an additive for 30 days, the data were compared with the control (n = 10). The drug was given together with the feed once a day, at a concentration of 0.5 g / kg (feed weight). Fingerlings (0+) of 3 species of freshwater bony fish were used as research objects: Carassius auratus (n=20), Cyprinus carpio (n=20), Oncorhynchus mykiss (n=20). Amylolytic activity was determined in the total homogenets of the intestinal mucosa of fish. The activity was assessed by the increase in hexoses by the Nelson method in the modification of Ugolev, Jesuitova. The detection was carried out on a photoelectric KKK-3 photometer. Based on the studies obtained, it can be concluded that the use of an organomineral chelate complex in the studied dosage (previously worked out in conditions of determining acute and chronic toxicity for fish) does not have a negative effect on the amylolytic activity of intestinal enzymes. There was no significant decrease in amylolytic activity in all experimental groups. Based on this, it is possible to recommend the use of a chelate complex for fish in industrial aquaculture.
Assessment of etiological factors of hyperkalemia development in cats
Authors: Karpenko L. Yu. , Kozitcyna A. I. , Bakhta A. A.
Published: August 2024

Hyperkalemia, or elevated potassium levels in the blood, can have a serious effect on the body. High potassium levels can be both a cause and a consequence of impaired cell function, including cells of the heart, nervous system, muscles and other organs. The purpose of the presented study was to identify and evaluate the etiological causes leading to the development of hyperkalemia in cats in St. Petersburg with subsequent statistical processing of the results obtained. The serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, glucose, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, as well as the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (AlAt), aspartate aminotransferase (AsAt) and alkaline phosphatase were determined. The study of biochemical parameters was carried out according to generally accepted methods. It was revealed that the most common causes of hyperkalemia in cats include disorders of the urinary system (52%) – acute renal failure, less often chronic kidney disease, as well as diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (24%), oncological processes (19%). It was also revealed that the survival rate for 7 days after diagnosis was approximately the same in groups with different levels of hyperkalemia and amounted to about 60-67%, which indicates the rapid reversibility of adverse reactions resulting from hyperkalemia with timely intervention. In the future, the study is planned to expand with the capture and analysis of individual nosological units and breed characteristics, as well as dietary characteristics, the ratio to the severity of the condition, the analysis of life expectancy and survival.
The brain skull of an Anglo-Nubian goat
Authors: Starinskaya K. Yu. , Zelenevsky N. V.
Published: August 2024

Currently, the classical study of the anatomy of the skull bones in the form of fine anatomical preparation and morphometry are the standard in veterinary anatomy. The use of modern methods of visual diagnostics such as computed tomography significantly enriches the theoretical and practical material on the osteology of domestic and farm animals. Having studied the bibliographic data, we found a sufficient volume on the anatomy of the skull bones of goats of various breeds and ages. However, we did not establish the presence of data on the osteology of the skull of the Anglo-Nubian goat. In this regard, the purpose of our study is to study the anatomical, topographic and morphometric characteristics of the bones of the cranial skull of the Anglo-Nubian goat using classical anatomical methods and using computed tomography. The material for the study was the corpses of Anglo-Nubian goats (n = 20). The cadaver material was obtained farm located in the Moscow region. The age of the animals was 1-2 years. The study was conducted by morphometry and fine anatomical dissection, as well as visual diagnostics – computed tomography. Based on the results of the study, the anatomical and topographic characteristics of the bones of the cranial skull of the Anglo-Nubian goat were established and the morphometric characteristics of their structures were determined. The data obtained can be used for comparative anatomy with other farm animals, as well as in veterinary practice and experimental studies, where goats can be used as an anatomical model in the study of surgical approaches for performing surgical manipulations in the head area.
Prognostic assessment of the quality of oocytes in mares used in ART programs based on biochemical parameters of follicular fluid and blood serum
Authors: Kalashnikov V. V. , Lebedeva L. F. , Solodova E. V. , Bakovetskaya O. V.
Published: August 2024

The biochemical composition of the mare’s follicle fluid was studied, and the level of identity of this composition with the biochemical parameters of their blood was established. It has been shown that the follicular fluid (FF) of large follicles (≥37 mm) contains significantly more electrolytes – Na, K, P and serum Fe, but significantly less total protein, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and intracellular enzymes - ALT, AST, CPK, LDH, GGTP, alkaline phosphatase, than in blood serum (p<0.05). At the same time, no significant differences were found in the content of glucose, urea, magnesium, albumin, all types of bilirubin, creatinine, LDL cholesterol, alphaamylase, and calcium in the studied media. The presence of correlations has been shown between the quantitative indicators of most components of the biochemical composition of the FF and blood serum, and in the FF itself - between the components of the lipid profile with Ca, P, glucose, and albumin. Significant relationships were also established between the content of serum Fe, Mg, Ca, total protein, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, intracellular enzymes - ALT, AST, CPK, LDH, GGTP, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and creatinine in the FF and blood serum (p<0. 05). The obtained statistically reliable experimental data can be used for prognostic assessment of the composition of follicular fluid and the corresponding quality of oocytes based on biochemical analysis of blood serum in mares. The statistically reliable experimental data obtained can be used for a prognostic assessment of the composition of follicular fluid and the corresponding quality of oocytes by biochemical analysis of blood serum of mares.
Identification of the polymorphism of the APAF1 gene and its association with economically useful traits of Holstein cattle
Authors: Safina N. Yu. , Mukhanina E. N. , Shakirov Sh. K. , Gainutdinova E. R. , Fattakhova Z. F.
Published: August 2024

A decrease in the reproductive ability of cows leads to losses in dairy farming, as dairy production decreases due to the lack of a lactation period in cows. Haplotype HH1 is responsible for a mutation in the protein apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (APAF1), as a result of which its structure is shortened, resulting in a decrease in fertility, an increase in the number of embryonic mortality and abortions in Holstein dairy cattle. To study the polymorphism of the APAF1 gene (SNP p.Q579X [c.1741C>T]) and its associations with economically traits, we used data and DNA from 254 cows of Holstein population of indigenous selection of Breeding Farm Integrated Agricultural Production Center of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result, 2 alleles (Q and X) and 2 genotypes (QQ and QX) were identified in the APAF1 – BstC8 I gene locus in cattle. It was established that the dominant population is represented by carriers of the homozygous QQ genotype of the APAF1 gene - 98.0 %, and the frequency of the Q allele reached 0.990. The percentage of QX-type animals is minimal - 2.0 % of the total number of cows subjected to the study, as a result of which the occurrence of the X allele was only 0.010. An assessment of the influence of APAF1 gene polymorphism on economically significant traits showed that, depending on the genotype, such reproduction traits as the age of the first fertile insemination, the duration of the dry period and the Doha fertility index vary statistically significantly. Analysis of dairy productivity traits that cows with the QQ genotype are significantly superior to individuals with the QX genotype in all compared positions, with the exception of the content of the mass fraction of fat. Through selection using genetic marking, damage to livestock farms can be reduced by reducing the frequency of carriers of lethal alleles in the parent generation. This research was supported by FASO Russia project, registration number 122011800138-7.