bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Damage Distribution in Inclined Shafts under High Geostress During Blasting Excavation
Authors: Tang Mingyou , Zhu Yunfeng , Wu Song , Wei Xin , Qu Dengxing , Song Kaiwen , Zhou Xianzhong , Li Xinping
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the blast-induced damage distribution in inclined shafts and surrounding rock masses at the Tianchi Pumped Storage Power Station, focusing on high geostress conditions during blasting excavations. By employing the numerical simulation capabilities of LS-DYNA, the study methodically assesses the influence of geostress and blasting parameters on resultant damage, including the progressive impact of recurrent blasting sequences. The results elucidate that judicious modification of blasting parameters can efficaciously mitigate damage to the surrounding rock of both the excavation site and adjacent inclined shafts. In high geostress environments, an escalation in geostress markedly intensifies the extent of damage incurred during subterranean blasting excavations. Furthermore, successive blasting operations incrementally extend the zone of rock damage, albeit with a diminishing rate of expansion upon each subsequent detonation. This research contributes critical insights towards augmenting the safety protocols for blasting excavations within the inclined shafts of pumped storage power stations.
Security Weaknesses of Copilot-Generated Code in GitHub Projects: An Empirical Study
Authors: Fu Yujia , Liang Peng , Tahir Amjed , Li Zengyang , Shahin Mojtaba , Yu Jiaxin , Chen Jinfu
Published: February 2025

Modern code generation tools utilizing AI models like Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained increased popularity due to their ability to produce functional code. However, their usage presents security challenges, often resulting in insecure code merging into the code base. Thus, evaluating the quality of generated code, especially its security, is crucial. While prior research explored various aspects of code generation, the focus on security has been limited, mostly examining code produced in controlled environments rather than open source development scenarios. To address this gap, we conducted an empirical study, analyzing code snippets generated by GitHub Copilot and two other AI code generation tools (i.e., CodeWhisperer and Codeium) from GitHub projects. Our analysis identified 733 snippets, revealing a high likelihood of security weaknesses, with 29.5% of Python and 24.2% of JavaScript snippets affected. These issues span 43 Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) categories, including significant ones like
CWE-330: Use of Insufficiently Random Values
,
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
, and
CWE-79: Cross-site Scripting
. Notably, eight of those CWEs are among the 2023 CWE Top-25, highlighting their severity. We further examined using
Copilot Chat
to fix security issues in Copilot-generated code by providing
Copilot Chat
with warning messages from the static analysis tools, and up to 55.5% of the security issues can be fixed. We finally provide the suggestions for mitigating security issues in generated code.
Weighted Suspiciousness and Balanced Aggregation to Boost Spectrum-based Fault Localization of Deep Learning Models
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Li Yanhui , Ma Mingliang , Chen Lin , Zhou Yuming
Published: February 2025

Deep learning (DL) models have proven to be highly successful and are now essential to our everyday routines. However, DL models, like traditional software, inevitably contain bugs that affect their performance in real-world scenarios. Effective software engineering techniques are necessary to ensure their dependability. In recent years, fault localization methods for DL models have gained significant attention as a valuable tool for improving the reliability of DL models. Owing to the data-driven programming paradigm, traditional fault localization techniques are challenging to apply directly to DL programs. Previous studies have shown that neuron errors within models can lead to abnormal behavior, and they fix the DL model errors from the perspective of neurons. Nonetheless, there remains a significant gap between the DL program statement and model errors.

To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a novel fault localization method for DL models, named wei
G
hted s
U
sp
I
ciousness an
D
balanc
E
d agg
R
egation (

\(\mathsf{GUIDER}\)

) that revisits the idea and challenge of spectrum-based fault localization in the context of DL models. For pre-trained DL models,

\(\mathsf{GUIDER}\)

utilizes neuron coverage information and test case confidence to compute weighted neuron suspiciousness values and employs balanced aggregation methods to elevate these values from the neuron level to the layer level, which establishes a bridge between the DL model and the DL program, facilitating the developers’ debugging process. We evaluate

\(\mathsf{GUIDER}\)

using 161 real model bugs collected from StackOverflow and five state-of-the-art fault localization methods for DL models as baselines. The results indicate that (a) our method successfully localizes 67% of the model bugs by ranking the buggy layer to the first place (i.e., top-

\(1\)

), significantly outperforming all five baselines, and (b) our method maintains an acceptable time overhead compared with all baseline methods.
Retinoic Acid Signaling & Metabolism in Heart Failure
Authors: Parker Lauren E. , Papanicolaou Kyriakos N. , Zalesak-Kravec Stephanie , Weinberger Eva M. , Kane Maureen A. , Foster D. Brian
Published: February 2025

Nearly 70 years after studies first showed that the offspring of vitamin A (retinol, ROL) -deficient rats exhibit structural cardiac defects and over 20 years since the role of vitamin A's potent bioactive metabolite hormone, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), was elucidated in embryonic cardiac development, the role of the Vitamin A metabolites, or retinoids, in adult heart physiology as well as heart and vascular disease, remains poorly understood. Studies have shown that low serum levels of retinoic acid correlate with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, though the relationship between circulating retinol and ATRA levels, cardiac tissue ATRA levels, and intracellular cardiac ATRA signaling in the context of heart and vascular disease has only begun to be addressed. We have recently shown that patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy show a nearly 40% decline of in situ cardiac ATRA levels, despite adequate local stores of retinol. Moreover, we and others have shown that the administration of ATRA forestalls the development of heart failure (HF) in rodent models. In this review, we summarize key facets of retinoid metabolism and signaling and discuss mechanisms by which impaired ATRA signaling contributes to several HF hallmarks including hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction, poor calcium handling, redox imbalance, and fibrosis. We highlight unresolved issues in cardiac ATRA metabolism whose pursuit will help refine therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ATRA homeostasis.
Sphingolipid signaling in kidney diseases
Authors: Li Ningjun , Li Guangbi
Published: February 2025

Sphingolipids are a family of bioactive lipids. The key components include ceramides, ceramide-1-phosphate, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Sphingolipids were originally considered to be primarily structural elements of cell membranes, but later recognized as bioactive signaling molecules that play diverse roles in cellular behaviors such as cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, and death. Studies have demonstrated changes in key components of sphingolipids in the kidneys under different conditions and their important roles in the renal function and the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the role of sphingolipid signaling in kidney diseases.
The Protective Effects of Sivelestat Sodium on the Basis of Corticosteroid Therapy in Patients With Moderate‐to‐Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ma Yujie , Tang Guofu , Liu Xiaotong , Gao Qiang
Published: February 2025

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the protective effects of sivelestat sodium on the basis of corticosteroid therapy in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 127 patients with confirmed moderate‐to‐severe ARDS treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Dazhou Central Hospital. Patients were divided into the control group (corticosteroids alone) and the combination therapy of steroids and sivelestat sodium (CTSSS) group according to the therapeutic interventions. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. And the baseline characteristics and laboratory findings of patients were collected for analysis.

Results: The overall mortality rate in 127 patients was 48.8%. There was no statistically significant difference in in‐hospital mortality between the CTSSS group and the control group (45.3% vs. 56.1%). In the subgroup of patients aged < 80 years or with an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score < 30, CTSSS could reduce the risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17–0.96, p = 0.041; OR = 0.31, 95% CI, 0.13–0.77, p = 0.012; respectively). Among patients aged 80 years or older, those with CTSSS exhibited a significantly elevated risk of mortality (OR = 13; 95% CI, 1.20–140.73; p = 0.035).

Conclusion: Compared with corticosteroids alone, CTSSS could improve oxygenation index, increase lymphocyte count, protect extrapulmonary organs and reduce in‐hospital mortality rate in patients with moderate‐to‐severe ARDS in specific subgroups (age < 80 years or APACHE II score < 30). It might be advisable to avoid CTSSS in moderate‐to‐severe ARDS patients aged 80 years or older. Prospective studies involving larger sample sizes are needed to verify these findings.
Fuel Reactivity Controlled Autoignition and Combustion Characteristics in a Supersonic Combustor With Different Turbulence Models
Authors: Wang Zihan , Luo Qi , Lv Yifan , Liu Zuming , Han Ziang , Li Xiaojie
Published: February 2025

The choice of turbulence model significantly impacts the prediction of the supersonic combustion flow field. In this study, the transient autoignition process and steady supersonic combustion performance of methane fuel with adjustable reactivity in a scramjet combustor were numerically investigated, employing different turbulence models including standard k - ε, renormalization group (RNG) k - ε, and realizable k - ε. Within the flight Mach number range of 3.5–7.0 and activation energy coefficient range of 0.5–1.0, five distinct autoignition modes are observed: misfire, blowoff, diverging section combustion, flashback, and constant‐area section combustion. For a given combustor inlet Mach number, equivalence ratio, and fuel temperature, each turbulence model corresponds to a distinct autoignition boundary. This discrepancy reflects the variations in the interaction between supersonic flow and chemical reaction. Moreover, the disparities are also evident in the characteristics of the steady supersonic combustion flow field. Specifically, at a flight Mach number of 7.0 and an activation energy coefficient of 1.0, both the standard k - ε and realizable k - ε models exhibit similar trends in the streamwise distribution of static temperature, as well as static pressure, Mach number, and combustion efficiency. When using the RNG k - ε model, autoignition occurs closer to the fuel injector, thereby attenuating flow disturbance caused by combustion heat. Consequently, mixing between the main flow and fuel is not significantly enhanced, resulting in a lower combustion efficiency at the combustor outlet. With the activation energy coefficient reduced to 0.5, reactions occur more readily under the Ma0 = 7.0 condition. All three k - ε turbulence models predict a constant‐area section combustion mode, while they display notable differences in the reacting flow fields. These findings are valuable for analyzing how different turbulence models influence the autoignition process and for performance evaluation in supersonic combustion.
High Sensitive Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Pathogens in Chrysanthemum morifolium: A Nested Multiplex PCR Assay
Authors: Wang Hefei , Huang Haizhi , Cao Zhenyan , Yang Yihua , Wu Yinfei , Shentu Xuping , Yu Xiaoping
Published: February 2025

Chrysanthemum morifolium, a kind of medicine and food homology product, is threatened by plant pathogens. It is crucial to establish a sensitive and accurate method for diagnosing its pathogens. Therefore, the internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences of three common pathogens in C. morifolium (Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Alternaria alternata) were compared, and the three pairs of specific primers were achieved. A two‐step nested multiplex PCR system which consists of two sequential amplification steps was successfully developed to detect those three pathogens in C. morifolium. This method was sensitive due to its low detection limits, which were 10 pg/μL, 1 pg/μL, and 10 fg/μL for C. globosum, F. incarnatum, and A. alternata, respectively. The entire detection process of this method only took 5–6 h, demonstrating its high efficiency. The nested multiplex PCR system could be successfully applied to detect actual samples, and a 90% detection rate for those three pathogens in selected C. morifolium was achieved. This suggests that our assay could be an operator‐friendly tool for diagnosing C. morifolium diseases.
Intensive Care Unit Nurses’ Organizational Climate and Clinical Competency in Saudi Government Hospitals: Cross‐Sectional and Multicenter Study
Authors: Villagracia Hazel Novela , Alanezi Asma Jamel , Alshammri Ruqaih Zawher , Alblwei Khlood Hamdan , Harbi Fahad Falah Al , Alanezi Faisal Mohammed , Alanazi Saif Mohammed , Berdida Daniel Joseph E. , Grande Rizal Angelo N. , Villagracia Rico William A.
Published: February 2025

Aims and Objectives: To investigate the connection between organizational climate and clinical competency among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in government hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Across the Middle Eastern healthcare settings, studies that explored the link between organizational climate and clinical competency among ICU nurses remain underreported.

Methods: This cross‐sectional study involved 206 ICU nurses from seven government hospitals in the Ha’il Region, Saudi Arabia. Two validated self‐report scales were utilized to gather data from August to September 2023. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results: Most ICU nurses were female, aged 31–35 years, married, with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree, and had 4–6 years of ICU experience. The organizational climate was perceived positively by 98.10% of nurses, with the highest mean score for independent practice and support. The clinical competency mean score was at a middle level, with the highest mean score for clinical care. Significant differences were noted between organizational climate and age, marital status, educational attainment, years of experience, and hospital assigned. Also, significant differences were demonstrated between clinical competency and gender, marital status, and daily patient workload. Finally, there was a positive correlation between organizational climate and clinical competency.

Conclusion: The study revealed a positive perception of organizational climate among ICU nurses, with a moderate level of clinical competency. The hospital administrators and policymakers can focus on the enhancement of the organizational climate to further support and develop ICU nurses’ competencies.

Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers and healthcare administrators should cultivate a positive organizational climate and enhance clinical competency to ensure nursing care quality and improved client outcomes among ICU nurses, thereby promoting commitment, retention, and professional relationships of the workforce.
Stabilization of RUNX1 Induced by O-GlcNAcylation Promotes PDGF-BB-Mediated Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhou Shuyan , Zhang Yi , Belmar Julie , Hou Chunyan , Zhang Yaqin , Peng Changmin , Meng Yunxiao , Li Zhuqing , Mughal Muhammad Jameel. , Gao Yanjun , Seto Edward , Shen Min , Hall Matthew D. , Ma Junfeng , Ma Cynthia X. , Li Shunqiang , Zhu Wenge
Published: February 2025

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are crucial in regulating cell cycle progression and cancer development. Targeting CDK4/6 has shown considerable promise in treating various cancers, including breast cancer. Despite significant therapeutic efficacy, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), such as palbociclib, remains a substantial hurdle in clinical practice. Using a co-culture system, cytokine array, and quantitative high-throughput combinatorial screening (qHTCS), we discovered a mechanism by which the RUNX1-PDGF-BB axis regulates palbociclib resistance in breast cancer cells. Specifically, RUNX1 functioned as a transcription factor to drive expression of PDGF-BB, leading to resistance to palbociclib by enhancing the Akt pathway and suppressing senescence. Furthermore, in resistant cells, RUNX1 was O-GlcNAcylated at serine 252 (S252) by OGT, resulting in the stabilization of RUNX1 by preventing ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Inhibition of the RUNX1-PDGF-BB axis by specific inhibitors overcame palbociclib resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the RUNX1-PDGF-BB axis was upregulated in resistant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines and in breast cancer patients following treatment with CDK4/6i. These findings not only unveil O-GlcNAcylation-mediated activation of a RUNX1-PDGF-BB pathway as a driver of palbociclib resistance but also provide clinical evidence supporting the repurposing of FDA-approved PDGFR inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy to treat CDK4/6i-resistant breast cancer patients.
Cancer and Overgrowth Manifestations of PTEN Hamartoma Tumour Syndrome: Management Recommendations from the International PHTS Consensus Guidelines Working Group
Authors: Dhawan Andrew , Baitamouni Sarah , Liu Darren , Yehia Lamis , Anthony Kristin , McCarther Alicia , Tischkowitz Marc , MacFarland Suzanne P. , Ngeow Joanne , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , Eng Charis
Published: February 2025

Purpose: PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS) is an autosomal dominant cancer-predisposition and overgrowth syndrome occurring due to pathogenic germline variants in the PTEN gene, with an increased risk of both benign and malignant tumours involving the breast, colon, endometrium, thyroid, skin, and kidney. The objective of these clinical guidelines was to use the latest knowledge to generate an international consensus resource for providers, researchers, and individuals with PHTS on the best practices in the surveillance and management of cancer and overgrowth in PHTS. Experimental Design: The International PHTS Cancer and Overgrowth Guidelines Working Group was established, comprising a core group of six international experts in the diagnosis and management of PHTS. The Working Group held joint meetings with PHTS individuals and their advocates. Informed by the literature, the Working Group met regularly between 2022 and 2024 to produce guideline statements, refined through iterative feedback. A modified Delphi approach was used with an independent external panel of PHTS, genetics and cancer experts to establish final consensus guidelines. Results: Clinical consensus recommendations for the surveillance and management of cancer and overgrowth in individuals with PHTS were formed. Guidelines encompass the recommended practices in cases of breast, colon, endometrial, thyroid, and kidney cancers, as well as overgrowths. Conclusions: The clinical management of individuals with PHTS is complex and necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. We generated international consensus guidelines for the surveillance and management of cancer and overgrowth in PHTS aiming at improving care for affected individuals and families.
Supplementary Table 6 from Cytokine-Regulated Phosphorylation and Activation of TET2 by JAK2 in Hematopoiesis
Authors: Jeong Jong Jin , Gu Xiaorong , Nie Ji , Sundaravel Sriram , Liu Hui , Kuo Wen-Liang , Bhagat Tushar D. , Pradhan Kith , Cao John , Nischal Sangeeta , McGraw Kathy L. , Bhattacharyya Sanchari , Bishop Michael R. , Artz Andrew , Thirman Michael J. , Moliterno Alison , Ji Peng , Levine Ross L. , Godley Lucy A. , Steidl Ulrich , Bieker James J. , List Alan F. , Saunthararajah Yogen , He Chuan , Verma Amit , Wickrema Amittha
Published: February 2025

Supp Table 6: Transcripts underexpressed in IMF samples with JAK2V617F mutation
Supplementary Table 3 from Cytokine-Regulated Phosphorylation and Activation of TET2 by JAK2 in Hematopoiesis
Authors: Jeong Jong Jin , Gu Xiaorong , Nie Ji , Sundaravel Sriram , Liu Hui , Kuo Wen-Liang , Bhagat Tushar D. , Pradhan Kith , Cao John , Nischal Sangeeta , McGraw Kathy L. , Bhattacharyya Sanchari , Bishop Michael R. , Artz Andrew , Thirman Michael J. , Moliterno Alison , Ji Peng , Levine Ross L. , Godley Lucy A. , Steidl Ulrich , Bieker James J. , List Alan F. , Saunthararajah Yogen , He Chuan , Verma Amit , Wickrema Amittha
Published: February 2025

Supp Table 3: Loci that are differentially hypomethylated in IMF with JAK2V617F mutations when compared to controls
Table S1 from A Melanoma Brain Metastasis CTC Signature and CTC:B-cell Clusters Associate with Secondary Liver Metastasis: A Melanoma Brain–Liver Metastasis Axis
Authors: Bowley Tetiana Y. , Ortiz Mireya C. , Lagutina Irina V. , Steinkamp Mara P. , Fahy Bridget N. , Tawfik Bernard , Harari-Turquie Moises , Marchetti Dario
Published: February 2025

Table S1
Figure S3 from A Melanoma Brain Metastasis CTC Signature and CTC:B-cell Clusters Associate with Secondary Liver Metastasis: A Melanoma Brain–Liver Metastasis Axis
Authors: Bowley Tetiana Y. , Ortiz Mireya C. , Lagutina Irina V. , Steinkamp Mara P. , Fahy Bridget N. , Tawfik Bernard , Harari-Turquie Moises , Marchetti Dario
Published: February 2025

Flowchart of experimental strategy
Figure 7 from A Melanoma Brain Metastasis CTC Signature and CTC:B-cell Clusters Associate with Secondary Liver Metastasis: A Melanoma Brain–Liver Metastasis Axis
Authors: Bowley Tetiana Y. , Ortiz Mireya C. , Lagutina Irina V. , Steinkamp Mara P. , Fahy Bridget N. , Tawfik Bernard , Harari-Turquie Moises , Marchetti Dario
Published: February 2025

Spatial single-cell gene expression analysis of CTC-derived cell:B-cell interactions employing 10x Genomics Xenium platform (www.10xgenomics.com). HuNBSGW A2.1 mice were engrafted with CTC-derived clonal cells via intracardiac injection (70W-SM3-Luc2; 5.0 × 105 cells/animal). A, Dim plot shows 2D scatter plot representing cell clusters in reduced space. Cell annotations are shown on the right. Brain (B, top left) and liver (B, top right) metastases of second-generation CDXs were isolated, paraffin-embedded, sectioned, and analyzed via the 10x Xenium platform. An image of the whole tissue section of huNBSGW brain (B) and huNBSGW liver is presented (left), followed by two close-up images (right). CTC-derived melanoma cells were identified as S100A1+ cells (red), whereas B cells were defined as BCR+ cells (green). Only melanoma cells showed extensive RPL23+ and RPL35A+ gene expression as significant members of the RPL/RPS CTC signature (31). Bottom, quantitation of percentage and number of S100+ and BCR+ cells/mm2. See “Materials and Methods” for experimental details. BM, bone marrow; UMAP, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection; CMP, common myeloid progenitor; iPS, induced pluripotent stem cell; MEP, Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell.
Figure 1 from A Melanoma Brain Metastasis CTC Signature and CTC:B-cell Clusters Associate with Secondary Liver Metastasis: A Melanoma Brain–Liver Metastasis Axis
Authors: Bowley Tetiana Y. , Ortiz Mireya C. , Lagutina Irina V. , Steinkamp Mara P. , Fahy Bridget N. , Tawfik Bernard , Harari-Turquie Moises , Marchetti Dario
Published: February 2025

Metastatic patterns of first-generation CDX mice by IVIS imaging. Gender-specific huNBSGW (A) and immunodeficient NBSGW (B) mice were engrafted with CTC-derived clonal cells by intracardiac injection (70W-SM3-Luc2; 5.0 × 10E5/animal). IVIS imaging was performed every week to evaluate metastatic onset. The last IVIS time point (5 weeks) is shown. Mice with MBM are circled. Following necropsy, pathologic evaluation revealed multifocal MBM in huNBSGW (C) and NBSGW (D) groups. MBM (N = 5 per group) were selected for tumor cell dissociation, isolation, and reinjection to obtain the second-generation CDXs. E, Representative MBM-generated liver metastasis in second-generation huNBSGW CDX mice. See “Materials and Methods” for experimental details. MBM, melanoma brain metastasis.
Factors influencing costs of cancer care for patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Weickert Martin O.
Published: February 2025

Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are comparatively rare tumours. However, prevalence is increasing steeply, related to rising incidence, earlier detection, and prolonged survival in many cases of metastatic NENs; with implications on health care resources.
Summary: This commentary/narrative review extracts the relatively scare, available literature related to costs of NEN cancer care, which is mainly based on studies performed in the Unites States. Key, now implemented or evolving NEN related treatment options over the last 15 years are summarised. The commentary further highlights in part preventable aspects that can further contribute to cost pressure in NEN cancer care, including issues related to inappropriate use of available diagnostic tools; and not considering differential diagnoses when assessing people with suspected carcinoid syndrome – with these risks being minimised with access to centres with multi-specialty expertise in the management of people with NENs. Issues observed in people with exocrine and/or endocrine pancreatic deficiencies caused by a NEN or treatment of the NEN are mentioned, as well as some specific aspects related to diagnostics involving 68Ga PET-CT scans and treatment with Lutetium peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (Lu-PRRT).
Key messages: This commentary summarises factors influencing cost of NEN cancer care, and highlights in part preventable issues mostly related to delayed involvement of a NEN multidisciplinary team, observed in a UK NEN referral centre (ENETS Centre of Excellence certified since 2015) over the last 15 years; resulting in sub-optimal management of people with NENs and ultimately adding to cost pressure.
Limb salvage by repetitive radical surgery in recurrently spreading myxofibrosarcoma – Case report and literature review
Authors: Gridl Thurid , Länger Florian , Dastagir Nadjib , Vogt Peter M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: We report the case of a 70-year-old athletic female who was advised to undergo leg amputation following an R1 resection at another institution. Due to the patient's insistence on limb preservation, she underwent 17 resections for recurrent tumors in the proximal lower leg and distal thigh, accompanied by reconstruction with two free flaps and adjuvant radiotherapy. Histopathological analysis revealed a widespread, recurrent, cell-poor myxofibrosarcoma with prominent vascular architecture, measuring 6 x 3.5 x 2 cm, and staged as cT2 N0 M0, G2.
Case Presentation: After 17 resections targeting the periphery of previously excised lesions, combined with soft tissue reconstruction and 60 gray (Gy) irradiation, the patient has remained recurrence-free for over 10 years. At 80 years old, she continues to lead an active lifestyle, regularly engaging in sports. This outcome partly contrasts with our systematic literature review, which found a recurrence rate of up to 60% for aggressive surgical strategies in myxofibrosarcoma of the extremities, often requiring multiple surgeries, including amputations.
Conclusion. Recurrent myxofibrosarcoma should be treated with radical surgical intervention, even in cases of multiple recurrences beyond the original tumor site. By employing free flap reconstruction combined with irradiation, limb preservation can be facilitated, offering patients the potential to maintain functionality and quality of life.
Model predictive control-based DC overcurrent protection method for 400 Hz ground power unit
Authors: Que Son Tran , Anh Vuong Nguyen , Van Diep Huynh , Quang Dich Nguyen , Kien Trung Nguyen
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a new configuration of 400 Hz inverters designed for ground power units (GPU) in the aerospace field. In this model, instead of using rectifiers fed by the AC electric grid, a lithium battery system is employed due to its advantages, especially in improving the flexibility and reliability of the power supply. A model predictive control (MPC) strategy with the extended cost function is proposed for the current loop, which is expected to restrict the DC current avoiding the battery overcurrent that causes the system interrupted by the battery management system (BMS), improving the overall system dynamic. The mathematical relationship between battery current and inductor current has also been derived to support the design of the MPC controller. A proportional resonant (PR) controller is performed for the outer loop to control fundamental voltages, and compensate for the harmonic distortions. A comprehensive simulation model is initially created in the MATLAB environment and subsequently validated through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing to assess the performance of the proposed control technique. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme in terms of DC-link battery current being controlled at an acceptable value, high-quality voltage is provided at the output with harmonic distortions compensated by PR controller.
ВАГІТНІСТЬ ТА НЕДИФЕРЕНЦІЙОВАНА ДИСПЛАЗІЯ СПОЛУЧНОЇ ТКАНИНИ
Authors: Римарчук М. І. , Островська О. М. , Кишакевич І. Т. , Геник Н. І. , Перхулин О. М.
Published: February 2025

Метa дослідження – встановити частоту маркерів недиференційованої дисплазії сполучної тканини (нДСТ) при акушерських та перинатальних ускладненнях та оцінити патогенетичну роль магнієвого дефіциту як фактора порушення регуляції метаболізму сполучної тканини.
Матеріали та методи. Проведено аналіз історії пологів у 240 жінок віком (32,6±2,4) року, які були поділені на дві групи: 160 пацієнток з фенотипом нДСТ (основна група) та 80 пацієнток контрольної групи з фізіологічним перебігом вагітності без маркерів нДСТ.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Оцінка «перинатального портрета» дозволила розкрити комплекс численних симптомів, серед яких: дефіцит маси тіла жінки при народженні (24,4 %), народження від передчасних пологів (19,4 %), підвищений тягар кардіоваскулярних, цереброваскулярних патологічних станів та репродуктивних втрат у сімейному анамнезі таких жінок (21,3 %). Маркери нДСТ характеризувалися вираженою варіабельністю і представлені найбільш поширеними фенотиповими особливостями. Спектр патології вагітності і пологів дозволив вказати на високий відсоток передчасного розриву навколоплодових оболонок (25,6 %), стрімких пологів або аномалії пологової діяльності (19,4 %), недоношування (16,9 %), патологічної плацентації (24,4 %), материнського травматизму, резистентної до терапії, гіпотонічної дисфункції матки (13,1 %), що можна віднести до так званих «акушерських» маркерів нДСТ. Встановлено гіпомагнезіємію у випадку нДСТ.
Висновки. Таким чином, можна стверджувати, що запрограмовані предиктори порушення сполучної тканини при нДСТ ініціюють недостатню спроможність до повноцінного забезпечення гестаційних перетворень (інвазія трофобласта, модифікація спіральних артерій, судинна адаптація), що супроводжується невиношуванням вагітності і розвитком гестаційної та перинатальної патології. Результати дослідження демонструють переконливі свідчення, що зі слабкістю сполучної тканини асоційована матково-плацентарна апоплексія (OR – 5,68; р<0,004), істміко-цервікальна недостатність (OR – 17,49, р<0,001), неповноцінність рубця на матці (OR – 8,73; р<0,04) та акушерський травматизм (OR – 6,55; р<0,04). Констатовано знижений рівень мікроколагеноспецифічних біоелементів – дефіцит концентрації магнію, що сприяє вираженню та реалізації спадкових та набутих дефектів сполучної тканини при нДСТ.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ПЕРЕБІГУ ВАГІТНОСТІ, ПОЛОГІВ ТА ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНИХ НАСЛІДКІВ У ЖІНОК – ВНУТРІШНЬО ПЕРЕМІЩЕНИХ ОСІБ ІЗ ЗАГРОЗОЮ ПЕРЕРИВАННЯ ВАГІТНОСТІ
Authors: Дядюшка В. В. , Нікітіна І. М. , Бойко В. І. , Бабар Т. В. , Калашник Н. В.
Published: February 2025

Мета дослідження – на основі ретроспективного аналізу встановити основні фактори ризику загрози переривання вагітності та розвитку передчасних пологів у жінок – внутрішньо переміщених осіб та розробити високоспецифічні критерії індивідуального прогнозу з метою поліпшення перинатальних наслідків.
Матеріали та методи. Проведено ретроспективне дослідження 250 історій вагітності та пологів жінок, внутрішньо переміщених осіб, які мали загрозу переривання вагітності у І та ІІ триместрах та передчасні пологи у термінах гестації 22–36 тижнів, вивчено особливості перебігу вагітності, пологів обстежуваних жінок, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні з приводу загрози переривання вагітності (ЗПВ), а також тих, за якими вели спостереження в амбулаторних закладах охорони здоров’я м. Суми протягом 2022–2024 рр., та досліджено стан їх новонароджених.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Важливими факторами ризику передчасного допологового розриву плодових оболонок (ПДРПО) при недоношеній вагітності можна вважати наявність у вагітної жінки захворювань, що передаються статевим шляхом (χ2=31,188, р=0,001), бактеріального вагінозу (χ2=30,913, р=0,0001), загрози аборту та/або передчасних пологів в анамнезі (χ2=16,62, р=0,0002), ГРВІ під час вагітності (χ2=16,444, р=0,0002), хронічного аднекситу в анамнезі (χ2=11,522, р=0,0031), запальних захворювань шийки матки (χ2=11,437, р=0,0032), анемії (χ2=10,815, р=0,0044), ІЦН (χ2=10,345, р=0,0057), хронічного пієлонефриту із загостренням (χ2=9,16, р=0,01), куріння під час вагітності (χ2=10,815, р=0,0044).
Висновки. Результати ретроспективного аналізу 250 історій пологів у термін від 22-х до 36-ти тижнів дозволили визначити шляхи ефективного використання існуючих діагностичних заходів для визначення готовності до вагітності та можливості пролонгувати вагітність до термінів життєздатності новонародженого. Визначено шляхи удосконалення профілактики передчасних пологів та макет подальших досліджень.
ВПЛИВ КРАНІОСКЕЛЕТНОЇ ТРАВМИ НА ВМІСТ 8-ІЗОПРОСТАНУ В СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ У ЩУРІВ РІЗНОГО ВІКУ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ КЛІТИННОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ
Authors: СУШКО Ю. І.
Published: February 2025

Мета роботи: зʼясувати вплив краніоскелетної травми на вміст 8-ізопростану в сироватці крові у щурів різного віку та оцінити ефективність клітинної терапії.
Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проведено на білих щурах-самцях лінії Вістар трьох вікових груп: статевонезрілих (віком 100–120 днів), статевозрілих (віком 6–8 місяців) та старих (віком 19–23 місяці). Тваринам із кожної вікової групи під тіопентал-натрієвим наркозом моделювали краніоскелетну травму (КСТ). З метою корекції внутрішньовенно вводили суспензію кріоконсервованих клітин нейробластів (NBC) окремо та в поєднанні з мезенхімальними стовбуровими клітинами (MSC), які вводили внутрішньочеревно. Контрольним щурам із кожної вікової групи вводили тільки тіопентал-натрієвий наркоз, а замість клітин – фізіологічний розчин, в еквівалентній дозі. Через 14 діб експерименту в сироватці крові визначали вміст 8-ізопростану.
Результати. Моделювання КСТ у щурів із різних вікових груп через 14 діб посттравматичного періоду, порівняно з контрольною групою, супроводжувалося суттєвим зростанням інтенсивності процесів ліпідної пероксидації, свідченням чого було статистично вірогідне збільшення в сироватці крові вмісту 8-ізопростану. Ступінь зростання показника був однаковим серед щурів різних вікових груп і пропорційний до його величини у контрольній групі, де суттєво переважав у статевонезрілих щурів. Ізольоване введення NBC та його комбінація з MSC викликали зниження інтенсивності процесів ліпідної пероксидації, порівняно зі щурами без корекції, й у групах статевонезрілих і статевозрілих щурів супроводжувалося статистично вірогідним зменшенням вмісту 8-ізопростану в сироватці крові. Ступінь зменшення досліджуваного показника був статистично вірогідно більшим у групі статевозрілих щурів, особливо після комбінованої терапії NBC та MSC.
Висновки. Комбіноване введення NBC та MSC супроводжується зниженням інтенсивності оксидативного стресу в щурів із КСТ, ефективність якого вища у статевозрілих тварин, порівняно зі щурами інших вікових груп, що необхідно враховувати у комплекс­ній терапії експериментальної травми.
Modulation of Calcium Signaling on Demand to Decipher the Molecular Mechanisms of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Fedlaoui Bakhta , Cosentino Teresa , Al Sayed Zeina R. , Alexandre Coelho Rita , Giscos-Douriez Isabelle , Faedda Nicolo , Fayad May , Hulot Jean-Sebastien , Magnus Chris , Sternson Scott M. , Travers-Allard Simon , Baron Stephanie , Penton David , Fernandes-Rosa Fabio L. , Zennaro Maria-Christina , Boulkroun Sheerazed
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Primary aldosteronism is the most common form of secondary hypertension. The most frequent genetic cause of aldosterone-producing adenomas is somatic mutations in the potassium channel KCNJ5. They affect the ion selectivity of the channel, with sodium influx leading to cell membrane depolarization and activation of calcium signaling, the major trigger for aldosterone biosynthesis.

METHODS:

To investigate how
KCNJ5
mutations lead to the development of aldosterone-producing adenomas, we established an adrenocortical cell model in which sodium entry into the cells can be modulated on demand using chemogenetic tools (H295R-S2 α7-5HT3-R [α7-5HT3 receptor] cells). We investigated their functional and molecular characteristics with regard to aldosterone biosynthesis and cell proliferation.

RESULTS:

A clonal cell line with stable expression of the chimeric α7-5HT3-R in H295R-S2 cells was obtained. Increased sodium entry through α7-5HT3-R upon stimulation with uPSEM-817 led to cell membrane depolarization, opening of voltage-gated Ca
2+
channels, and increased intracellular Ca
2+
concentrations, resulting in the stimulation of
CYP11B2
expression and increased aldosterone biosynthesis. Increased intracellular sodium influx did not increase proliferation but rather induced apoptosis. RNA sequencing and steroidome analyses revealed unique profiles associated with Na
+
entry, with only partial overlap with Ang II (angiotensin II) or potassium-induced changes.

CONCLUSIONS:

H295R-S2 α7-5HT3-R cells are a new model reproducing the major features of cells harboring
KCNJ5
mutations. Increased expression of
CYP11B2
and stimulation of the mineralocorticoid biosynthesis pathway are associated with a decrease of cell proliferation and an increase of apoptosis, indicating that additional events may be required for the development of aldosterone-producing adenomas.
Greens of a Different Shade? The Greek Party for the Animals
Authors: Botetzagias Iosif , Tavridis George
Published: February 2025

Available research has established that animal advocacy parties, albeit constituting a distinctive party family, have many similarities with green parties. However, this assessment has been based on analyses of animal advocacy parties’ political/election manifestos. In this research, we revisit this question for the youngest European animal advocacy party, the Greek Komma gia ta Zoa (KZ, Party for the Animals, established in 2020), through an analysis of the party members’ views. We find that the members have a strong left-libertarian agenda and worldview. Nevertheless, their lesser concern about trademark environmental issues suggests that they indeed differ from green parties.
Seeing is Believing: Repeated Exposure to Animals in Anthropomorphic Contexts Promotes Desire for Exotic Pets
Authors: Castaneda Marielle C. , Caine Nancy G.
Published: February 2025

Research has shown that visual depictions of nonhuman animals in anthropomorphic settings can foster beliefs that wild animals make good pets and are safe in the wild. These beliefs may develop due to repeated exposure to anthropomorphic images, but no study has experimentally demonstrated this. Slideshows in which the ratio of anthropomorphic images to natural images varied for three nonhuman animal species were created. After viewing one of the slideshows, participants rated the species’ “pet suitability” and endangerment status. People who saw mostly anthropomorphic images reported higher pet suitability than those who saw equal numbers of the two image types, followed by those who saw mostly natural images. This study is the first to confirm that with increasing exposure to anthropomorphic images, people become more convinced that wild animals make good pets, an opinion that affects animal conservation and welfare by supporting the exotic pet trade.
Human Rights: a Sophiological Reenvisioning
Authors: Gallaher Brandon
Published: February 2025

The article proposes a new sophiological reading of the human rights tradition which attempts to understand how the theology of Holy Wisdom might transform what we understand about the broad theological discourse on human rights by grounding those rights within not only theological anthropology but Trinitarian theology. After touching briefly on a few examples of more negative Orthodox Christian viewpoints on human rights (Christos Yannaras and the official teaching of the Russian Orthodox Church, Moscow Patriarchate), the study argues that there also existed a movement from the late 19th to the mid-20th centuries of Russian Orthodox religious thinkers in the neo-idealist and Russian liberal tradition that articulated a broad based and positive Christian humanism that upheld a vision of personhood, human dignity, human rights and natural law within the context of divinisation (theosis). Drawing on some of these thinkers, especially those in the sophiological tradition (including Vladimir Solov’ev, Sergii Bulgakov and Semyon Frank), and drawing links with Jacques Maritain, it looks successively at the following issues: human personhood as a sacral uniqueness and dignity found within the image and likeness of God and this being the foundation of human rights as an inviolable creative capacity seen above all in freedom of conscience; that human rights and freedom of conscience are based on natural law and this comes from the eternal law which is grounded not only in creaturely Wisdom but also in the Divine Wisdom so that we may say that the image and likeness of God is a “sophianic image” reflecting the Divine Sophia and that in God as Trinity, by extension, one encounters the image of the human being; that there is an organic and preeternal Trinitarian link between natural law and human rights and that we can see this link within the logoi spermatikoi or seminal words tradition as found within the thinking of Basil the Great and Maximus the Confessor; and human rights are not merely a capacity for creativity, right as the power of freedom, but that rights can be understood as a calling or vocation of humanity for perfectibility, by which is understood divinization (theosis). The essay concludes with words affirming not only the importance of defending human rights in order to protect the marginalized or to stand against tyranny but the need to have a wholistic Orthodox theological vision of rights as being nestled within the life of the holy Trinity with human rights understood as both an inviolable creative capacity but also this potentiality being a calling and obligation to divinize the world.
A Discussion on Internal Repetition among Liu Yong’s Ci Poems and Its Effects on Their Transmission
Authors: Wang Chao
Published: February 2025

Internal repetition in literary works is a common occurrence; however, there are differences in the degree in which it appears. There is a high amount of repetition in the wording, themes, and compositional structure of Liu Yong’s 柳永 ci poetry. When considering the creative process, the reasons for repetitive and similar texts stem from influences pertaining to the predetermined audience, the length of time used in creating a work, and revisions. Nonetheless, the repetition in Liu’s ci poems did not have a negative impact on their circulation as would be expected, perhaps because they were consumed as individual pieces circulated as songs, making it so audiences had no means of comparison. In addition, their existence as “auditory texts” diminished the focus on their wording. Furthermore, the innovation of manci poetry and its transmission among different audiences made it so that people of the Song paid little attention to the textual repetition in Liu’s ci poetry. During the early years in which manci gained prominence, the repetition occurring within Liu’s ci poems may have had a positive influence.
Absidia urquhartii (Mucoromycota) is a new species that is prevalent in Victoria, Australia
Authors: IDNURM ALEXANDER
Published: February 2025

A new species, Absidia urquhartii, was identified from four locations across Victoria, Australia, and is described. The species is related to a species commonly found around the world; A. glauca, but is a distinct species based on phylogenies derived from DNA sequences, the morphology of its zygospores and its reproductive isolation from A. glauca. The genome of the ex-type strain was sequenced using Illumina short read technology. Starting from the genome sequence, the mating type locus was characterised from strains of (+) and (–) mating types, which is consistent with a heterothallic mode of reproduction established from crosses between strains.
The identity of Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965) (Anura: Bufonidae) and its diagnosis in relation to Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824)
Authors: MORENO JULIAN SEBASTIÁN RAMIREZ , GIARETTA ARIOVALDO ANTONIO
Published: February 2025

The Rhinella granulosa group is composed of 13 species widely distributed in South America and Panama. The richness of the group may be poorly characterized due to limited characterizations caused by a lack of topotype data. This is the case for Rhinella mirandaribeiroi, which lacks topotypical (from Marajó Island, Pará state, Brazil) characterization in terms of acoustics and molecular data, as well as interpopulation variation, considering specimens from the Cerrado, including its junior synonym Bufo granulosus lutzi (Pirapora, Minas Gerais state, Brazil). At the same time, morphological and acoustic differences seem scarce and subtle compared to R. granulosa, a sister species with contiguous distribution areas. Therefore, an integrative taxonomic approach arises as necessary to assess the status of these species and differentiate them. Here, we present morphological data from recently collected topotypes of R. mirandaribeiroi, as well as acoustic and genetic data from this population. We found acoustic, molecular, and morphological evidence that B. g. lutzi and individuals distributed in the Cerrado belong to the same species of R. mirandaribeiroi, maintaining its condition of synonym. We also found that R. granulosa and R. mirandaribeiroi exhibit a conserved phenotype (morphology and acoustics) and that the presence/absence of a clear vertebral line is not a diagnostic character for both named species. However, R. granulosa and R. mirandaribeiroi show a significant genetic distance and therefore should be maintained as valid species until a better understanding of the distribution of both species is achieved.
New species of Miscophus Jurine, 1807 from Iran (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)
Authors: SCHMID-EGGER CHRISTIAN , GHADERIPOUR ZAHRA , TALEBI ALI ASGHAR , MEHRABADI MOHAMMAD , MADJDZADEH SEYED MASSOUD
Published: February 2025

Miscophus binaludensis Schmid-Egger sp. nov., Miscophus flavus Schmid-Egger & Ghaderipour sp. nov., Miscophus hormozganensis Schmid-Egger & Ghaderipour sp. nov., Miscophus kharazii Schmid-Egger & Ghaderipour sp. nov.Miscophus liebigi Schmid-Egger & Ghaderipour sp. nov., Miscophus pseudopapyrus Schmid-Egger & Ghaderipour sp. nov. are described from Iran.