bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efek Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia
Authors: Warsino Warsino
Published: February 2021

Kejahatan terjadi bukan hanya karena ada niat pelakunya, tetapi juga karena ada kesempatan. Pandemi Covid-19 membuat seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia terimbas. Aktivitas yang biasa dilakukan diluar rumah, karena pandemi harus berubah dilakukan didalam rumah. Meningkatnya pemakaian internet oleh masyarakat, ditambah dengan kurangnya kepedulian akan keamanan komputer menjadikan peluang ini dimanfaatkan oleh para penjahat siber. Akibatnya, terjadi kenaikan serangan siber bukan hanya di Indonesia, tapi juga diseluruh dunia. Sampai dengan April 2020, telah terjadi kenaikan komulatif sebanyak 88.414.296 serangan, dengan dominasi serangan berupa Trojan sebanyak 56%, Information gathering sebanyak 43% dan Web Attack sebanyak 1%. Untuk itu, perlu pemahaman dan kewaspadaan dari seluruh pengguna internet agar menutup celah keamanan, sehingga masyarakat bisa bekerja dengan aman, tenang dan nyaman dari rumah masing-masing.
Passeios a pé em Belo Horizonte: Um ciclo formativo aos guias de turismo
Authors:   Bicalho, Thiago Eduardo Freitas, Ferreira Maria Helena Alves ,   Lisboa Junior, Saulo Fernandes,   Clavia, Gilmar da Fonseca, Mello Alice de , Silva Elayne Oliveira
Published: February 2021

A city that arose already modern, welcoming, and rich in experiences, affectionately called "Belô" or "Beagá" by some of its most intimate citizens. Every tourist easily feels welcomed in Belo Horizonte, a city that was planned to be the capital of Minas Gerais – with tree-lined streets and alleys that breathe art, stories, and charm. Despite being a Metropolis and home to approximately 2,600,000 (two million six hundred thousand) inhabitants, it still keeps secrets as a country town valuing its origins, which means not refusing a delicious coffee with "pão de queijo" (Brazilian cheese bread), and some chitchat in its squares and gardens. The best way to get to know and experience a city as a whole is to walk through it and experience its daily life, thus, connecting with the city and people. Walking around the city makes you notice details that you may have never noticed before. In this work, we present “UAI a PÉ” tours through Belo Horizonte, so that you can be familiar with and experience each one of them. Itineraries that will make you even more enchanted by our beautiful capital. Walk freely through the “Belo Horizonte Cultural: Circuito Liberdade” amid gardens and many stories and tales. Walk around the streets of the downtown, enjoying our “Belo Horizonte Urbana: Visual Arts,” which is an opportunity to experience our Urban Art that is a worldwide reference. Have a conversation at “Praça da Estação Circuito Cultural”, the gateway to our city since its foundation – many stories are kept in museums and mansions there. “Cultura e Política Mineira”, which is an itinerary from Praça da Assembeia (Assembly Square) to Praça da Estação (Station Square), to understand our history and culture. Fresh breeze and sunset in the beautiful “Pampulha: Patrimônio da Humanidade” (cultural heritage of humanity) where modernism is present in every detail of this picturesque place.
Collecting and validating data: A simple guide for researchers
Authors: Ziafati Bafarasat Abbas
Published: February 2021

This
paper provides an A-Z guide for sampling and census within an integrated framework
of data collection and validation. It provides worked examples and
inter-disciplinary exemplifications of essential methods, techniques and
formulas for each step of the framework. Real research application tricks are disentangled
for non-statisticians.
Ugovor o pružanju usluga fitnesa
Authors: Đurđević Nenad
Published: February 2021

Fitnes je danas u Evropi najprofitabilnija sportska aktivnost sa skoro 65 miliona korisnika usluga brojnih fitnes centara i klubova u 2019. godini. Fitnes je pojam koji podrazumeva dobro razvijenu fizičku sposobnost, koja je, pak, povezana sa fizičkom pripremljenošću putem fitnes treninga. Usluge u okviru fitnes centara (studija, klubova) danas se pružaju isključivo na osnovu zaključenog ugovora o pružanju usluga fitnesa. U pitanju je neimenovani ugovor koji se različito naziva u pojedinim zemljama. On se u praksi zaključuje skoro isključivo uz korišćenje opštih uslova poslovanja fitnes centra, odnosno putem zaključenja formularnih ugovora unapred pripremljenih od strane fitnes centara. Autor u radu razmatra pitanja zaključenja i pravne prirode tog ugovora.
Pravni instituti promijenjenih okolnosti u sportskom pravu (povodom COVID-a 19)
Authors: Kačer Hrvoje , Radić Ana , Radić Davor
Published: February 2021

Ovaj tekst bavi se raskidom ili izmjenom ugovora radi promijenjenih okolnosti, ali sve u svezi sa sportom s jedne strane, a s druge u svezi s koronavirusom, s globalnom pandemijom koja je odlučno označila početak 21. stoljeća. Glede raskida i uopće promijenjenih okolnosti na primjeru sporta, situacija je prilično loša i postoji insuficijencija kako (posebno onih specijalnih) pravnih normi, tako i prakse, posebno sudske i arbitražne prakse s odlukama na ovu temu. Ovaj tekst ima ambiciju promijeniti sadašnje stanje na bolje, a prosudba je da je COVID-19 dovoljno snažan povod za poboljšanje pravnog okvira na način da isti učinkovito djeluje ne samo glede nastalih situacija, nego i preventivno, što je posebna kvaliteta dobrog pravnog okvira.
Cội nguồn của văn minh kinh doanh trong tâm thức người Việt
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: February 2021

Cội nguồn của văn minh kinh doanh trong tâm th ức người Việt. URL: https://enternews.vn/coi-nguon-cua-van-minh-kinh-doanh-trong-tam-thuc-nguoi-viet-75741.html
Makalah volume limas segienam
Authors: Kristiani
Published: February 2021

Catatan mengenai volume limas segienam
Xây dựng văn hóa doanh nghiệp – Yếu tố quyết định sự trường tồn của doanh nghiệp
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: February 2021

Xây dựng văn hóa doanh nghiệp – Yếu tố quyết định sự trường tồn của doanh nghiệp. URL: https://bacitikdaithanh.wordpress.com/2013/09/25/xay-dung-van-hoa-doanh-nghiep-yeuto- quyet-dinh-su-truong-ton-cua-doanh-nghiep/
Tingkah Laku Tercela
Authors: Rafli Muhamad
Published: February 2021

Tingkah laku tercela adalah suatu sikap atau tindakan yang tidak baik dan sangat tidak dianjurkan untuk dilakukan, antara lain yaitu: buruk sangka, ghibah,dan larangan berbuat boros. Dalam Kitab Ihya (al-muhlikat) Imam Al-Ghazali menjelaskan tentang makna akhlak dan hakikatnya. Akhlak yang tercela seperti itu adalah racun yang dapat membunuh, noda yang nyata, dan dapat menjauhkan manusia dari Allah. Meninggalkan amoralitas yang dilarang dan melakukan ketaatan yang diperintahkan merupakan bentuk penerapan moral, dan al-Ghazali menegaskan bahwa meninggalkan amoralitas lebih berat dan lebih sulit daripada melakukan ketaatan.Menurut imam al Ghazali berakhlak mulia dan terpuji artinya menghilangkan semua adat kebiasaan tercela yang sudah digariskan dalam agama Islam serta menjauhkan diri dari perbuatan tercela, kemudian membiasakan adat kebiasaan yang baik.sedangkan akhlak tercela dikenal dengan sifat-sifat muhlikat, yakni segala tingkah laku manusia yang dapat membawanya kepada kebinasaan dan kehancuran diri, yang bertentangan dengan fitrahnya untuk selalu mengarah pada kebaikan.
Confidence and Gradation in Causal Judgment
Authors: O'Neill Kevin , Henne Paul , Bello Paul , Pearson John , De Brigard Felipe
Published: February 2021

When comparing the roles of the lightning strike and the dry climate in causing the forest fire, one might think that the lightning strike is more of a cause than the dry climate, or one might think that the lightning strike completely caused the fire while the dry conditions did not cause it at all. Psychologists and philosophers have long debated whether such causal judgments are graded; that is, whether people treat some causes as stronger than others. To address this debate, we first reanalyzed data from four recent studies. We found that causal judgments were actually multimodal: although most causal judgments made on a continuous scale were categorical, there was also some gradation. We then tested two competing explanations for this gradation: the confidence explanation, which states that people make graded causal judgments because they have varying degrees of belief in causal relations, and the strength explanation, which states that people make graded causal judgments because they believe that causation itself is graded. Experiment 1 tested the confidence explanation and showed that gradation in causal judgments was indeed moderated by confidence: people tended to make graded causal judgments when they were unconfident, but they tended to make more categorical causal judgments when they were confident. Experiment 2 tested the causal strength explanation and showed that although confidence still explained variation in causal judgments, it did not explain away the effects of normality, causal structure, or the number of candidate causes. Overall, we found that causal judgments were multimodal and that people make graded judgments both when they think a cause is weak and when they are uncertain about its causal role.
Xây dựng văn hóa doanh nghiệp trước những đòi hỏi của thực tiễn
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: February 2021

Xây dựng văn hóa doanh nghiệp trước những đòi hỏi của thực tiễn. LÊ HẢI LINH (Khoa Vận tải Kinh tế - Trường Đại học Giao thông vận tải). URL: http://tapchicongthuong.vn/bai-viet/xay-dung-van-hoa-doanh-nghiep-truoc-nhung-doi-hoi-cua-thuc-tien-27428.htm
materi kubus oleh Desi herista
Authors: Herista Desi
Published: February 2021

Catatan terkait materi kubus pada bangun ruang
Worklink Xây dựng văn hóa doanh nghiệp – Yếu tố quyết định sự trường tồn của doanh nghiệp
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: February 2021

Worklink Xây dựng văn hóa doanh nghiệp – Yếu tố quyết định sự trường tồn của doanh nghiệp. URL: https://worklink.vn/xay-dung-van-hoa-doanh-nghiep-yeu-to-quyet-dinh-sutruong- ton-cua-doanh-nghiep/
CÁC NHÂN TỐ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN CHẤT LƯỢNG THÔNG TIN BÁO CÁO TÀI CHÍNH TRONG CÁC DOANH NGHIỆP TẠI VIỆT NAM
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

Kết quả nghiên cứu: phân tích và trình bày kết quả của nghiên cứu định tính và định lượng. Kết quả đánh giá độ tin cậy của thang đo thông qua hệ số Cronbach alpha; kiểm định giá trị thang đo thông qua phân tích nhân tố khám phá EFA được xác định. Chương này còn trình bày kết quả kiểm định tác động của các nhân tố đã được khám phá ở phần nghiên cứu định tính đối với CLTT BCTC và đo lường tác động của các nhân tố này thông qua mô hình hồi qui bội MLR
Inflated false-positive risk in common regression analyses: A combinatorial analysis of model sets
Authors: Christensen Jacob Dalgaard , Orquin Jacob Lund , Perkovic Sonja , Lagerkvist Carl Johan
Published: February 2021

Even with a small number of variables researchers can test many possible models of their data thus increasing the risk of false-positive results. Using combinatorics, we show that one key independent variable and three covariates can generate 95 possible models, while six covariates can generate over 2.3 million models. Such large model sets nearly guarantee false-positive results. Using simulation, we show that preregistering a single analysis with a key independent variable heavily reduces the risk of false-positives. However, even so, many models produce false-positive results with a much higher probability than the expected 5 %. The worst-case scenario are models with interactions between binary dummy coded variables and omitted main effects. Such models can generate false-positive results up over 40 % of the time. While preregistration is a crucial step towards reducing false-positive results, researchers need to carefully consider what analyses they plan and we provide recommendations for what analyses to avoid. Our findings also suggest that interpreting p-values in exploratory analyses might be meaningless considering the high false-positive probability.
Neural correlates of error-monitoring and mindset: back to the drawing board?
Authors: Janssen Tieme Willem Pieter , Nieuwenhuis Smiddy , Hoefakker Jamie , Gligoor Patricia D. Dreier , Bonte Milene , van Atteveldt Nienke
Published: February 2021

The different ways students deal with mistakes is an integral part of mindset theory. While previous error-monitoring studies found supporting neural evidence for mindset-related differences, they may have been confounded by overlapping stimulus processing. We therefore investigated the relationship between mindset and event-related potentials (ERPs) of error-monitoring (response-locked Ne, Pe), with and without overlap correction. In addition, besides behavioral measures of remedial action after errors (post-error slowing and accuracy), we investigated their neural correlates (stimulus-locked N2). Results indicated comparable Ne, but larger Pe amplitudes in fixed-minded students; however, after overlap correction, the Pe results were rendered non-significant. A likely explanation for this overlap was a near-significant effect of mindset on the preceding stimulus P3. Finally, although N2 was larger for trials following errors, mindset was unrelated. The current study shows that the relationship between error-monitoring and mindset is more complex and should be reconsidered. Future studies are advised to explore stimulus processing as well, and if needed, to correct for stimulus overlap. In addition, contextual influences on and individual variation in error-monitoring need more scrutiny, which may contribute to refining mindset theory.
Meddling Friends and Family: Dark Tetrad Traits Predict Interference in Disliked Couples' Romantic Relationships
Authors: Collisson Brian , Howell Jennifer Lee , Monleon Jasmine
Published: February 2021

Certain disapproving friends and family may interfere in others’ romantic relationships by undermining commitment processes. In the current study, we assessed whether friends and family members’ scores on the Dark Tetrad, a constellation of socially aversive personality traits including narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism, predict relationship interference. In Study 1, 206 people selected a friend who was currently in a romantic relationship they disliked or disapproved of. They then indicated how often they interfered in the disliked couple’s relationship, completed measures of the Dark Tetrad, and additional measures of interest (e.g., gender, closeness to the target of interference). In Study 2, 180 people selected a family member who was currently or formerly in a disliked relationship, before completing the same measures. In both studies, overall dark personality and closeness to the friend or family member positively correlated with relationship interference. Additionally, when controlling for overall dark personality and the other dark tetrad traits, sadism specifically predicted interference with friends’ relationships; high narcissism and, surprisingly, low Machiavellianism predicted interference with family members’ relationships. Implications for dark personality traits and relationships are discussed.
From Unrest to Demonstrations: The Policy of the Russian Authorities Regarding Mass Political Actions of the Radical Youth of the 1870s
Authors: Rubtsov Aleksei
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses the formation of ideas of the imperial bureaucracy about the revolutionary movement of the 1870s. This issue is being investigated through the prism of the attitude of investigative bodies to mass political actions. These acts were a relatively new phenomenon and therefore largely unexpected for the authorities in the political space of the Russian Empire. In this regard, the formation of a unified strategy in relation to such manifestations was accompanied by a series of disputes and conflicts between the departments involved in the investigation. The author analyzes, on the one hand, the positions of officials of the prosecutor’s office—which earned a new status after the reform of 1864—and police officials on the other. Particular attention is paid to elucidating the role of prosecutors in shaping public policy regarding the radical movement, since the importance of legality as a factor in the imperial political system has been strengthened in the context of reformed proceedings. In the end, the study concludes that the conflict between departments involved in ensuring public security arose in conditions when a largely legal struggle of opinions in power became possible. Moreover, the conflict between the two institutions of power turned out to also be a search for a compromise that would suit both sides.
Memory about the Arab Slave Trade in Modern-Day Tanzania: Between Family Trauma and State-Planted Tolerance
Authors: Banshchikova Anastasia , Ivanchenko Oxana
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the results of field research conducted in Tanzania from August 24 to September 14, 2018, which focused on the historical memory of the Arab slave trade in East Africa and the Indian Ocean in the 19th century, as well as its influence on the interethnic relations in the country today. Structured and nonstructured interviews (mostly in-depth) were conducted in Dar es Salaam, Bagamoyo and Zanzibar. In general, opinions were almost equally divided: half of the respondents were convinced that the relations were good overall, while the other half believed that there are some tensions. Since both positions are well-argued and substantiated, it is possible to trace a number of patterns in the people’s perception. The history of the Arab slave trade lies between family trauma on the one hand, and tolerance, non-discrimination imposed by the state, on the other. Two ways of reproducing the historical memory largely oppose each other: the school system places the blame on Europeans, promoting peaceful interethnic relations, presenting the slave trade as an essential part of colonialism, and subsequently emphasizing the story of overcoming the colonial past; meanwhile, the oral tradition censors nothing and tells the history of the ancestors’ suffering in its entirety. Thus, bearers of the oral tradition with a low level of education turn to be the most vulnerable category; they become the least tolerant to the Arab-Tanzanian part of the country’s population.
A Machine for Developing a World View
Authors: Liarsky Alexander
Published: February 2021

This article examines hand written school press publications of the beginning of the 20th century. It is based on a text collection of school manuscript journals and newspapers from two St Petersburg schools: the VyborgEight-yearCommercialSchool and Vvedenskaya Boys’ ClassicalSecondary School. In this article the texts are considered as a social act, i.e. as one of the mechanisms of this kind of socialization, and not only as an indicator of latter. According to the schoolchildren themselves, one of the goals of the school press was to form a world view. This article conducts a short review of how the idea of a world view has developed in Russia during the 19th century. Furthermore, the article examines the practices which have been used by the school press in order to form a world view. The article also examines those conditions which have been created in the school press: the active students struggling against an inert mass, censure and also self-censure in the school press. The findings provide a new source for microhistorical research that investigates the peculiar features of socialization typical of the Russian intelligentsia at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. In the conclusion, the author attempts to widen our understanding of the beginning of the 20th century.
How to Raise an Independent Soviet Citizen? Pedagogic Technologies of the Exemplary Pioneer Camps Artek and Orlyonok (1957–1991)
Authors: Kozlova Anna
Published: February 2021

The article discusses attempts to actualize the popular idea of the Soviet child as an active and autonomous subject; specifically, the way this project was realized by counselors and content developers of Artek and Orlyonok, exemplary camps of the USSR, in the 1960–1980s. The study is based on archival documents and retrospective interviews with employees of these children’s centers. The article investigates the reasons that led the ideologists of the Komsomol Central Committee to transform the health facility (where the actions of children were regulated by a strict regime) into a school for so-called pioneers and Komsomol activists (i.e. creative and initiative children) in 1957. Moreover, the reflections of tutors on the methods of implementing this task in the conditions of an “overorganized” institutional order are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the fact that the technology developed in the late Soviet era for raising “self-sufficiency and initiative” in children (triggered by the request of the Komsomol Central Committee) began, over time, to be interpreted by former Artek and Orlyonok employees as a grassroots innovative child-centred approach, defined as radically different from the Soviet pedagogical tradition. To explain the conflict between the appointment of state order and its perception, the article employs the theory of “strategies” and “tactics” developed by Michel de Certeau.
Extracting Features of Transient Electric Fields With Fourier And Wavelet Transform–A Case Study Of Lightning Positive Return Stroke
Authors: Sharma Shriram
Published: February 2021

Frequency domain information were extracted from the time domain electric fields pertinent to the lightning positive return strokes applying Fourier transform and Wavelet transform. The electric field radiated by positive ground flashes striking the sea were recorded at 10 ns resolution at a coastal station to minimize the propagation effects. The frequency spectrum of the electric field of positive return strokes were computed applying the Fourier transform technique in the range of 10 kHz to 20 MHz owing to the fact that this range of frequency is of very much interest to the researchers and design engineers. The amplitude of the energy spectral density decreases nearly as ƒ-1 from 10 kHz to about 0.1 MHz and drops nearly as ƒ-2 up to 8 MHz.  Applying the wavelet transform technique, the same positive return strokes are found to radiate in the frequency range of 5.5 to 81 kHz with the average spread distribution of 13.6 kHz to about 30 kHz. From frequency spectrum obtained from the Fourier transform it is difficult to identify as which phase of the return stroke radiates in the higher frequency range and that in the lower frequency range, whereas, one can easily identify from the frequency spectrum obtained with the wavelet transform that ramp portion of the positive return stroke radiates in the larger spectral range as compared to that of initial peak of the return stroke.  Also, from the spectral density map obtained from wavelet transform one can easily observe the contribution of each phase in a range of frequency, which is not possible from the Fourier transform technique. Clearly, the wavelet transform is much more powerful tool to extract the frequency domain information of a non-stationary signal as compared to that of Fourier transform.
Using Wavelet Transform To Extract Frequency Content In Electric Field Radiated By Unusual Lightning Activity
Authors: Neupane Suraj , Sharma Shriram , Sharma Puja
Published: February 2021

In this frequency spectrum electric fields radiated by the unusual lightning activities have been computed using the wavelet transform technique. The unusual lightning activities have very recently been identified activities and are very poorly understood among the lightning community. As the electric fields are very recently identified and are measured in time domain, to the best of our knowledge, their frequency content has not been studied as of today. To understand the physics of the discharge mechanism of such events, the frequency domain information plays a significant role. In order to extract frequency domain information from the time domain electric field signatures the wavelet transform technique has been employed. For the purpose, the electric field pertinent to the unusual activity, has been divided into two parts namely main activity and the preceding opposite polarity field change.  From the computation, it is found that the opposite-polarity field change radiates energy in the spectral range of 2 kHz to 173 kHz whereas, the main activity predominantly radiates in the frequency range 2 kHz to 162 kHz. Such a wider spectral range that the unusual activities radiate have not been reported for the other known activities such as positive and negative return strokes. Evidently, the unusual events have some unique origin of discharge unlike the known activities. Further, as the unusual events were noticed in the temperate region (Uppsala, Sweden) and Sub-tropical climatic zone (Kathmandu, Nepal), it should have some common source of origin between two regions.
Characterizations Of Water Quality In West-Seti and Tamor River Basins, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Narayan Prasad , Adhikari Nita , Pant Ramesh Raj , Thakuri Sudeep
Published: February 2021

This study presents the geochemical composition and water quality of waters in the West-Seti and Tamor River basins in Nepal Himalaya with the aim to reveal their hydrochemical characteristics and to evaluate the water quality. Water samples were collected from 18 sites of the rivers in the pre-monsoon season and analysed the physicochemical parameters to characterize their quality. The parameters- temperature, pH, conductivity, and total dissolved solids were measured in the field, while the major ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Si4+, SO42−, NO3−, HCO3−, Cl−, and F−) were analyzed in the laboratory. Overall results of physicochemical parameters revealed that the ionic strength is much distinct; however, the waters are chemically pure in both the river basins with very less electrical conductivity (<250 µS/cm) and total dissolved solids (<120 mg/L). Bicarbonate (HCO3−) has a significant correlation with Ca2+ and Mg2+ suggesting carbonate rock weathering as the dominant geochemical process in both of the basins. The concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3− in the water of the West-Seti is relatively higher than the waters in the Tamor River basin. Mostly, the geochemical facies of both the rivers are characterized by the Ca-Mg-HCO3- type (88.9%), with dominant carbonate dominated lithology. However, hydrochemical facies clearly suggested spatial discrimination between two basins with dominant geogenic signatures as Ca-SO4-Cl type water facies are also reported from the Tamor River basin. The results exhibited that the concentrations of measured parameters were relatively very low and within the WHO guideline values and currently under a safe level of the water quality for drinking and ecosystem health perspectives; however, further in-depth research is recommended in the periodic basis to assess traces of climate change imprints, and anthropogenic interferences for more consistent and reliable dataset. The findings of this study could be useful for the water quality management in the glacier-fed Himalayan River basins.
Composition of ground granulated blast-furnace slag and fly ash-based geopolymer activated by sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution: multi-response optimization using Response Surface Methodology
Authors:   Thuyloi University, Vietnam, Dinh Hoang-Quan , Nguyen Thanh-Bang ,   Vietnam Academy for Water Resources, Vietnam
Published: February 2021

Geopolymers are a class of new binder manufactured by activating aluminosilicate source materials in a highly alkaline medium. This binder is considered “environmentally friendly” due to the recycling of industrial waste sources such as fly ash and blast furnace slag. However, in order to be widely used, this binder has to ensure both quality and economic efficiency. This paper focuses on the optimization of the composition of ground granulated blast-furnace slag and fly ash-based geopolymers activated by sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solutions. Statistical models are developed to predict the compressive strength and cost of 1 ton of binder using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this regard, the effects of three principal variables (%Na2O, Ms and %GGBS) were investigated in which: %Na2O - mass ratio of Na2O in the alkali-activated solution and total solids; Ms - mass ratio of SiO2 and Na2O in the activated solution; %GGBS - mass ratio of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and total binder. Quadratic models were proposed to correlate the independent variables for the 28-d compressive strength and cost of 1 ton of binder by using the Central Composite Design (CCD) method. The study reveals that Ms has a minor effect on the strength of mortar in comparison with %Na2O and %GGBS. The optimized mixture proportions were assessed using the multi-objective optimization technique. The optimal values found were %Na2O=5.18%, Ms=1.16, and %GGBS=50%, with the goals of maximum compressive strength, the largest amount of fly ash, and reasonable cost for one ton of binder. The experimental results show that the compressive strength of the samples ranged between 62.95-63.54 MPa and were consistent with the optimized results (the variation between the predicted and the experimental results was obtained less than 5%).
On Reducing the Sexual Assault of Women: What Can Economists Contribute to the Debate?
Authors: Eswaran Mukesh
Published: February 2021

In Canada, it is estimated that only about 5 percent of sexual assaults are reported to police and fewer than 1 percent of assaults result in convictions. The reasons for this are discussed in this commentary using results from a formal model in economic theory. In the model, if police overestimate the probability that women’s reports of assault are false, as the evidence clearly documents, they under-investigate. This in turn reduces the reporting of actual assaults and reduces the conviction rate. The attrition rate of active files (as women drop out as a result of the challenges within and outside the system) may further reinforce the incentive effects of police disbelief. These effects are compounded by the fact that, in common law, the Crown prosecutor represents not the victim but rather the society at large. Policy recommendations that stem from the model include an emphasis on victim advocates, who can increase police belief and hence spur police efforts and reduce attrition rates, leading to more reports and convictions and fewer assaults. In considering punishments for false reports, it is argued that due consideration must also be given to the effect such a punishment may have in reducing truthful reports and hence in increasing the number of assaults.
Economic and Structural Changes in Agricultural Production in Russia for the Period 2006-2016 (According to Agricultural Censuses)
Authors:   National Research University “High Economy School”, Saraykin V.A.
Published: February 2021

Many government decisions require accurate quantitative assessments of the parameters of the processes taking place in the country. This makes statistical observations the main source of analysis and evaluation. This article discusses the importance of conducting regular agricultural censuses and the need to include economic indicators in questionnaires to obtain information about the state of agriculture, as well as methodological issues of analyzing the development of agriculture based on agricultural censuses. The main goal is to assess the structural changes that occurred in the Russian agriculture in the period 2006-2016, based on the calculated indicator of standardized revenue. The paper calculates the cost of production volumes in 2006 and 2016 based on the data of past censuses, which allowed us to clarify the results of the industry development by comparing the results with planned and reported indicators. The analysis of structural changes in agriculture and its branches is presented.
The State and Features of Production in Medium and Large Agricultural Enterprises
Authors:   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Minakov I.A.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the process of concentration of production in medium and large agricultural organizations, their size, features and factors of agricultural development in them. The role of these enterprises in the production of agricultural products and the formation of an export-oriented agricultural economy is shown. Proposals for the development of large-scale agricultural production are justified.
Pax Regis
Authors: Campbell Brian
Published: February 2021

The people of Ceuta see their town as an exemplary model of coexistence between Christians, Muslims, Jews, and Hindus. This “convivencia” is described as the brainchild of their mayor-president, who funds clients to enact his charismatic vision. Anthropology is sensitive to the moral ambiguities of patron–client relations but has overlooked the role of charisma in the reproduction of patronage reproduction. This article explores the theoretical and political implications of a process by which convivencia-patronage becomes seen as the extension of the patron’s charisma. Obscuring the historical dimensions of power, charisma blocks nuanced discussion toward the colonial legacy of convivencia as a way of controlling suspect minorities. It prevents change by channeling resistance toward the removal of the mayor-president, not the structures that enabled his rise.
Consent is not as Simple as Tea
Authors: Adams Brittany
Published: February 2021

In this article, I report on an action project undertaken by a group of young women (aged 18 to 20) to foster public discussions about the prevalence of rape culture on their university’s campus. Students proposed this action project during a book study of a young adult (YA) novel that focused on rape culture and sexual violence. Discussions during the book study resulted in the women creating a video designed for university orientation events that addressed common misconceptions about issues such as consent, relationship violence, sexual coercion, and victimhood. Using case study and narrative methods, I recount my experience of witnessing unexpected activism in my classroom. Framed within critical literacy research, I consider the outcomes of making space for student activism and I discuss implications for practitioners.
Sexual Abuse of Girls in Post-Revolutionary Mexico
Authors: Sosenski Susana
Published: February 2021

In this article, I analyze certain ideas circulating in early twentieth-century Mexico about the sexual abuse of young and adolescent girls, and how ideas about the prohibited, permitted, or legitimate uses of their bodies were sustained by complex webs of corruption and injustice. Not only criminals but also families, lawyers, judges, and police officers commonly considered the bodies of young girls from working-class families as legitimate spaces of sexual violence. Some newspapers also propagated this idea. Prevailing notions about the gender and sexuality of young and adolescent girls fed into family-based concepts of honor and chastity that were reproduced in practices and narratives related to the abuse of children’s bodies, and this contributed to the perpetuation of a rape culture among Mexicans.
Fantasies of the Good Life
Authors: Greensmith Cameron , Froese Jocelyn Sakal
Published: February 2021

Using Lauren Berlant’s concept of cruel optimism, we address the ways in which rape culture, as depicted in Jay Asher’s13 Reasons Whyand the first two seasons of the Netflix adaptation, shapes girls’ agency and attachment to possible futures. We take seriously the ways in which social and institutional structures in13 Reasons Whyproduce girls’ livability as tied to everyday forms of sexist violence, which supposedly grant them access to what they think of as the good life. Bound up in these cruel attachments is a more limited set of options than may appear available: girls are called upon to endure daily violence in hopes of achieving this fantasy or to choose alternative paths, such as slow death or even suicide.
DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURAL SCHEMES AND OPERATION ALGORITHMS FOR THE AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENERGY COMPLEX
Authors: Kalimbetov G. , Toigozhinovа A. , Wojcik W.
Published: February 2021

Among the promising automatic control systems, logical-dynamic control systems that change both the structure and parameters of the control device using switches formed on the basis of a certain logical algorithm have proven themselves well. The use of logical algorithms as part of MACS subsystems for complex technical objects makes it possible to increase the static and dynamic accuracy of control due to purposeful qualitative and quantitative changes in the control signal. This approach will give the control system fundamentally new properties that allow to fully take into account the nature and dynamics of the movement of the control object. When developing existing logical control algorithms, the issues of their application for multi-connected and multifunctional objects control were not considered. Common to existing logical algorithms is that when switching the structure and/or changing parameters, only the dynamics of its own subsystem is taken into account, which is unacceptable in the case of multi-connected dynamic object control, since cross-links have a significant impact on the quality of control. Thus, the problem of synthesis of logical algorithms for multi-connected objects control is an actual theoretical and applied problem. Despite the considerable amount of research conducted in this area, the application of logical algorithms for complex multidimensional objects control is not sufficiently considered, and there is no unified design concept for this type of MACS, taking into account the required quality of functioning in various operating modes. In this regard, there is a need to synthesize algorithms for logical multi-connected control that form control signals in order to coordinate the actions of all separate MACS subsystems in accordance with new external conditions and operating modes. The problem under consideration determined the purpose of this work and the research objectives.
DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A HYDROCYCLONE SAND TRAP FOR MINI HPP
Authors: Kassymbekov Zh. K. , Kassymbekov G. Zh.
Published: February 2021

The goal of the project is to develop and use a hydrocyclone sand trap to improve the operation of a mini hydroelectric power station. In contrast to the existing design of a similar type of hydroelectric power station, a bulky sump for water purification has been replaced with an efficient hydrocyclone device. Due to this, a simplification of the design of the HPP is achieved, an increase in the degree of sand collection from the composition of the water used. Research methods. The initial data for the calculation were taken: the flow rate of water passing through the hydrocyclone and the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet of the hydrocyclone. Computer simulation of the process was carried out using the SolidWorks software (flow simulation). The main technological parameters and a rational mode of operation were established by testing experimental samples both in laboratory and in production conditions. Research results. In the established mode, the density of clarified water is equal to 1.009 ... 1.050 t / m3, and the degree of purification is 91 ... 97%. Replacing a bulky reinforced concrete sump with hydrocyclone sand traps of a simplified design reduces the cost of building a water treatment unit from 30% (existing) to 7%. This makes it possible to expand the volume of development of small hydroelectric power plants, especially in mountainous conditions.
THE METHOD OF SELECTING THE OPTIMAL LAYOUTS OF THE SIZE LIMIT DEVIATIONS DURING ASSEMBLY
Authors: Sherov K. T. , Alikulov D. E. , Sikhimbayev M. R. , Sherov A. K. , Absadykov B. N. , Imanbaev E. B. , Gabdysalyk R.
Published: February 2021

The development of mechanical engineering in recent years has led to a special focus on the processing of functionally connected surfaces. In world practice, more attention is paid to the creation of methods, techniques, technological processes, tools, measures, etc., which would reduce the complexity of processing and assembling functionally connected surfaces (FCS) of details and connections. Currently, the connection between the dimensions and positions of surfaces is not standardized for all details. These details include body parts and frames that have V-shaped surfaces and associated planes. Apparently, this is due to the large variety of functionally connected surfaces and the complexity of controlling the technological support of dimensions. When coupling details of metal-cutting machines FCS, it is necessary to ensure simultaneous contact of two combined surfaces of the guides. This article provides a method for selecting the optimal layouts of the size limit deviations when assembling details with FCS. The influence of the location of the size limit deviations on the complexity of the fitting operation when assembling two combined surfaces of details is considered. Possible layouts of the size limit deviations are shown, as well as a diagram of the relative position of the two combined surfaces before the fit operation, depending on the values of the size limit deviations. Some recommendations are given for choosing the optimal layouts of the limit deviations of the dimensions of the adjacent planes: - the position of the adjacent planes depends on the size values and their deviations; - the position of the adjacent planes is significantly affected by the position of the size deviations of the connected planes; - depending on the location of the limit deviations of the size of the joints, the amount of removed allowance varies considerably and leads to a significant change in the labor intensity of the scraping process.
BITUMENS AND POLYMER BITUMENS - NANODISPERSE SYSTEMS
Authors: Zhurinov M. Zh. , Teltayev B. B.
Published: February 2021

This work shows the data regarding the elemental and chemical group compositions of the road bitumens. The short characteristic has been shown for the components of the bitumens - the asphaltenes, the resins and the oils. The properties have been described for the bitumens on which they have the direct impact. The description is given for the micellar model of the bitumens from the point of view of the colloid chemistry. The analysis has been performed for the results of the study by other authors for the asphaltenes of a bitumen and an oil. The group chemical compositions are given for the bitumen of the grades BND 50/70, BND 70/100 and BND 100/130 produced by the plants of Kazakhstan. It has been shown that the content of the asphaltenes in them is from 15.8% to 24.3%; in most cases, the content of the asphaltenes is within the range of 20-25%, i.e. the asphaltenes nanoclusters are almost a fourth of the bitumen by weight. The brief description is given for the best known polymers used for the modification of the road bitumen: 1) the reactive polymers Elvaloy 4170 and Elvaloy AM; 2) the polymers of the group SBS - Kraton D 1192A, Calprene 501, SBS L 30-01 A, KUMHO KTR and Butonal NS 198. It is proposed to consider the bitumen and the polymer bitumen as the peculiar nanodisperse systems. The structures are described for the polymer bitumen nanodisperse systems occurring during the modification of the road bitumen with the polymers of the above two groups.
MAIN STANDARD INDICATORS OF POLYMER ASPHALT CONCRETES
Authors: Zhurinov M. Zh. , Teltayev B. B. , Amirbayev E. D.
Published: February 2021

The main indicators of 29 types of asphalt and polymer asphalt concretes prepared with the use of neat bitumens of 2 grades and 7 types of polymer bitumens have been determined and comparatively analyzed in the work. The bitumens of grades BND 100/130 and BND 130/200 produced by the Pavlodar petrochemical plant have been selected for preparation of the asphalt concretes, polymer bitumens and polymer asphalt concretes. 7 types of the polymers (Elvaloy 4170, Elvaloy AM, Kraton D 1192A, Calprene 501, SBS L 30-01 A, KUMHO KTR, Butonal NS 198) have been selected for the modification of the bitumens. Short procedure has been represented for the preparation of the polymer bitumens. 29 types of the asphalt and the polymer asphalt concretes have been prepared with the use of the above bitumens and polymer bitumens (asphalt concrete of type A - 7, asphalt concrete of type B - 15, stone mastic asphalt concrete SMA-15 - 1, stone mastic asphalt concrete SMA-20 - 6). The following main indicators of quality have been determined for the asphalt concretes and polymer asphalt concretes by testing in relevant laboratory devices: 1) rut depth at the temperature of 60 °С after 10 000 passages of the wheel (ST RK EN 12697-22-2012); 2) tensile strength at the temperature of -30 °С (pr. EN 12697-46-2012); 3) compression strength at the temperature of 50 °С (ST RK 1218-2003); 4) water saturation (ST RK 1218-2003). It is found out that the modification of the bitumens with the polymers increases essentially the main standard indicators of the asphalt concretes: rutting resistance, strength at high temperatures and low temperatures, resistance to the cyclic freezing and thawing (frost resistance). The reactive polymers Elvaloy 4170 and Elvaloy AM are the most efficient among the used ones.
Biopolitische Kollektive. Theoretische Reflexionen zur Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Leanza Matthias
Published: February 2021

Wie lässt sich die Covid-19-Pandemie sozialwissenschaftlich deuten? Dieser Aufsatz betrachtet im Anschluss an Michel Foucault und Bruno Latour die gegenwärtige Krise unter dem Gesichtspunkt biopolitischer Kollektive. Das Argument wird in drei Schritten entfaltet. Der erste Teil erläutert, inwiefern sowohl die Pandemie selbst als auch ihre gesellschaftlichen Folgen orthogonal zur Natur/Kultur-Unterscheidung stehen. Biologische und soziale Aspekte verschränken sich in ihnen, weshalb eine symmetrische Betrachtung erforderlich wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert der zweite Teil das Konzept der Biopolitik. Es zeigt sich, dass das Virus in Kollektive eingetreten ist, die ein reflexives Verhältnis zur Tatsache ihrer eigenen Vitalität unterhalten und diese politisch regulieren. Der dritte Teil betrachtet Regulationsstrategien. Anhand von Contact-Tracing-Apps werden die theoretischen Überlegungen zur strategischen Unterbestimmtheit, verteilten Handlungsträgerschaft und den Grenzen biopolitischen Regierens illustriert.
Differentiated thyroid cancer clinical trends in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Pacheco-Ojeda Luis , Martínez-Jaramillo Ana , Romo-Castillo Hugo , Mario Montalvo-Burbano Mario
Published: February 2021

Introducción. El cáncer de tiroides es actualmente el primer cáncer más común en mujeres en Ecuador. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la presentación clínica y el diagnóstico del cáncer de tiroides diferenciado en un hospital de tercer nivel en Quito, Ecuador.
Métodos y materiales. El estudio fue una serie de casos retrospectiva realizada en tres periodos consecutivos de 1990 a 2019 en un hospital de nivel terciario, Quito Ecuador, donde se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 875 pacientes que habían sido diagnosticados y tratados quirúrgicamente por cáncer de tiroides diferenciado. Se recopilaron y analizaron datos demográficos, clínicos, de imagen y patológicos.
Resultados . Se encontraron tendencias significativas hacia la edad avanzada, mayor nivel educativo, tumores primarios menos palpables, ganglios del cuello menos palpables, menos DM, más ecografías, CT y exámenes citológicos, tumores primarios más pequeños, más pacientes en estadio I y más descripción de variantes histológicas.
Conclusión. La incidencia de cáncer de tiroides en Ecuador no solo ha aumentado de manera constante, sino que también la presentación clínica, los enfoques diagnósticos y terapéuticos han cambiado significativamente durante las últimas tres décadas.