bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guide for agroecological transition & climate change in viticulture, a tool for the sector intended to understand the issues and design the future of viticulture, demonstrating the commitment of French vineyards to environmental transition
Authors: Lempereur Valérie , Herbin Carine
Published: February 2023

In 2014, the French public authorities launched the agroecological project for France. This project aimed at starting the transition of French agriculture towards new production systems that are more efficient in the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. As a result, work involving the French Institute of Vine and Wine (IFV) and the National Institute of Origin and Quality (INAO), led to the publication of a “Guide for agroecology in viticulture” in early 2017. In early 2022, the guide was revised to become the “Guide for Agroecological Transition & Climate Change”. "Representation of the agroecological transition in viticulture", and the new agroecological themes - climate, soil, air, and atmosphere - have been created; the corresponding regulatory or possible agri-environmental measures have been created or updated. This “Guide for agroecological transition & climate change in viticulture” is a reference document accessible to all, which helps to understand the issues and design the future of viticulture. It is also a great tool to demonstrate the commitment of French vineyards to environmental transition. The guide has received the sponsorship of the Ministry of Agriculture and is prefaced by the Minister of Agriculture.
Profundización del conocimiento sobre el aroma de las variedades de vinos tintos resistentes a los hongos producidos en Trentino
Authors: Moser Sergio , Roman Tomas , Larcher Roberto , Bottura Maurizio , Osorio Jessica , Boido Eduardo , Dellacassa Eduardo
Published: February 2023

La preocupación por el cuidado de la salud y el medio ambiente por parte de los consumidores de vino está aumentando en los últimos años, centrándose el interés en los vinos elaborados con prácticas de producción de bajo impacto en el uso de productos químico. Una de las estrategias potenciales es pasar de un enfoque orientado al tratamiento químico a un enfoque de prevención de enfermedades mediante la utilización de variedades resistentes a hongos, generalmente conocidas como uvas híbridas o cruzamientos interespecíficos. En este estudio, se investigaron los vinos elaborados a partir de cinco variedades resistentes cultivadas en el Instituto Estatal de Viticultura y Enología de Friburgo (Cabernet Cantor, Cabernet Cortis, Cabernet Carbon, Prior y Regent) y provenientes de parcelas experimentales ubicadas en la Provincia de Trento. Los vinos fueron sometidos a evaluación olfativa, y el perfil volátil estudiado por cromatografía de gases-olfatometría (GC-O). Las regiones seleccionadas de los cromatogramas fueron investigadas en detalle por GC-MS.
Influence of grapevine age on general physicochemical and phenolic parameters of Rabigato (Vitis viniferaL.) white variety: Results from three vintages
Authors: Jordão António M. , Lourenço Hugo , Brancaleone Riccardo , Correia Ana C. , Fracassetti Daniela , Ricardo-da-Silva Jorge M.
Published: February 2023

The preservation of the old vine heritage, combined with the fact that old vines could present greater resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, has led to an increase in research studies about the contribution of vine age on grape and wine quality. Thus, the main goal of this work was to evaluate the potential influence of grapevine age on several general physicochemical and phenolic parameters during grape maturation of a Rabigato white grape variety. Therefore, grapes from two adjacent vineyards, with an age difference of 30 years (one with 20 years and the other with 50 years, at the beginning of this study) were studied. At technological maturation, the results obtained for the three consecutive vintages studied (2019 to 2021), and for the general physicochemical parameters analysed, do not seem to indicate a clear differentiation between the grape musts obtained from the younger and the older vineyards. However, for grape phenolics, the results suggest that vine age could be a potential factor on phenolic content, nevertheless not totally confirmed by the results at technological maturation during the three consecutive vintages considered. With this work we will contribute to expand the knowledge about the potential impact of the vine age on grape composition.
Caracterización genotípica y sanitaria de variedades de vid minoritarias prospectadas en Andalucía, España
Authors: Cretazzo Enrico , Rodríguez-Torres Inmaculada , del Pilar Ramírez María , Velasco Leonardo , Padilla Carlos
Published: February 2023

Debido a su diversidad y extensión territorial, Andalucía es una región española que alberga numerosas variedades minoritarias, ofreciendo a la vitivinicultura local la posibilidad de diversificar su producción vitivinícola. Desde 2020, se ha realizado la identificación molecular de 98 ejemplares procedentes de seis zonas con tradición vitivinícola: la Alpujarra (9 individuos) y el Altiplano (2) en Granada; Moguer (12) en Huelva; el Valle de los Pedroches (36) y Montilla-Moriles (32) en Córdoba; el Pago Burujena (7)en Cádiz. Se han empleado trece marcadores microsatélites, entre ellos los nueve recomendados por la OIV. Se han obtenido 31 genotipos distintos, 20 se corresponden a perfiles de variedades ya descritas, los otros 11 no se han identificado previamente. Los perfiles se han integrado en el database del banco de germoplasma de vid “Rancho de la Merced”. Mediante análisis de diversidad genética, se ha determinado en cuales grupos eco-geográficos se colocan los nuevos genotipos identificados. Al tratarse de nuevas variedades con un interés potencial en ser autorizadas, se quiere disponer de clones certificables; por ello, se ha analizado la presencia de los virus del enrollado, del entrenudo corto infeccioso y del jaspeado de la vid, mediante test ELISA.
Evaluación de alternativas de gestión de viñedo para mitigar los efectos de la variabilidad climática sobre el rendimiento y la composición de uvas
Authors: Clara Agustina , Piccardo Diego , Cazzola Valeria , Fourment Mercedes
Published: February 2023

La adaptación del cultivo de la vid al cambio y la variabilidad climática implica conocer cómo los factores ambientales locales impactan en la fisiología de la vid, repercutiendo en el rendimiento, y la composición final de la uva. La composición de la uva en cosecha está determinada por las condiciones climáticas de la temporada ya que tienen un efecto sobre la fisiología y el desarrollo de la vid. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el impacto de la técnica de viñedo de prepoda post envero sobre los componentes de rendimiento y composición de la uva en cosecha. Las evaluaciones se realizaron sobre un viñedo comercial en la zona sur de Uruguay de los cultivares Tannat y Merlot durante la vendimia 2021. La prepoda en envero no afectó el rendimiento, el número de racimos por planta y peso de racimo en los dos cultivares, pero si afectó el balance fisiológico de estos. Sobre la composición primaria de la uva en vendimia, Tannat alcanzó diferencias en sólidos solubles y Merlot en acidez total. Al alterar la canopia post envero se afecta el equilibrio fisiológico de las plantas. Esta tendencia al desequilibrio fisiológico debe continuar siendo estudiada a lo largo de varios ciclos productivos.
Efecto de la temperatura y la poda tardía sobre la fisiología y calidad del cv. Merlot en el Valle Central de Chile
Authors: Salazar-Parra Carolina , Macias José , Reyes Marisol , Peppi Cecilia
Published: February 2023

La Poda tardía (PT) ha surgido como una herramienta que podría apoyar la adaptación de la viticultura frente al cambio climático, pudiendo retrasar la maduración y reducir el desequilibro en la madurez entre los azucares, ácidos y compuestos fenológicos, producidos por el incremento de temperatura (T). El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la PT en cv. Merlot del Valle Central de Chile, en 2 condiciones de temperatura: Ambiente; Elevada y 3 momentos de poda: Invierno; Brotación; Brotes 2-4 cm. Se realizó un seguimiento fenológico, determinación de intercambio gaseoso y crecimiento. Al momento de la cosecha se valoró la calidad de la fruta (brix, acidez, pH) y la concentración de antocianinas.

El aumento de T produjo un incremento de la temperatura de hojas por sobre 30ºC, además de caídas en la AN, gs y WUEF, y disminuyo significativamente el rendimiento por planta. Los tratamientos en T elevada presentaron una cosecha adelantada y menor concentración de antocianinas, independiente de la poda, no logrando contrarrestar los efectos de la T. En condiciones de T actual la poda fue capaz de retrasar la cosecha en al menos una semana, sumado a un incremento del 10% de la concentración de antocianinas en piel.
Architecture et conception durable d’une cave : concept, application et exemples
Authors: Rochard Joël
Published: February 2023

La construction d’un chai, ainsi que sa rénovation, imposent la prise en compte du développement durable. Cet aspect est particulièrement important pour les caves, construites pour très longtemps et support de l’image de la structure. L'architecture bioclimatique, est une approche destinée à tirer le meilleur parti des conditions d'un site et de son environnement, pour une conception naturellement confortable pour ses utilisateurs tout en optimisant notamment la gestion de l’eau et de l’énergie. L’optimisation de l’énergie, et la réduction de l’impact sur l’effet de serre associent l’utilisation de l’inertie thermique du sous-sol, et d’énergies renouvelables (solaire, puits canadien, géothermie, etc.). Vis-à-vis des effluents, le traitement écologique, vise à réduire la consommation d’énergie, à mieux s’intégrer dans le paysage et éventuellement contribuer à un développement de la biodiversité. Celui-ci repose souvent sur le principe de phytoremédiation par les plantes avec une vision d’économie circulaire. Ces traitements visent également progressivement un recyclage de l’eau pour l’irrigation ou éventuellement les dispositifs de refroidissement de la cave. La communication a pour objectif de présenter les principales pistes et démarches opérationnelles, qui peuvent s’appliquer aux caves avec les labels et retours d’expérience dans différentes régions du monde.
Phenolic potential of new red hybrid grape varieties to produce quality wines and identification by the malvin
Authors: Tampaktsi C. , Gancel A. L. , Escudier J.-L. , Samson A. , Ojeda H. , Pic L. , Rousseau J. , Gauthier P. , Viguier D. , Furet M. I. , Teissedre P.-L.
Published: February 2023

The hybrids are new varieties that are resistant to the cryptogamic diseases of vines, and they may be a good solution to the reduction of pesticide use. However, these new varieties have appeared recently and only few studies have been conducted to check the quality of the wine that they produce. In this study, wines originated from hybrids were chemically characterized (polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, and color analysis). Results show that their oenological parameters were close to those of the Vitis vinifera wines. The wines made from Vinifera (100%), with Vidoc, and all the resistant Bouquets studied are malvidin-3 glucoside dominant, and all the others hybrids varieties are cyanidin dominant. Furthermore, the hybrid wines had a higher concentration in condensed tannins and a lower one in molecular tannins compared with the Vitis vinifera wines, except for the Vidoc wines. As far as the anthocyanin content is concerned, the samples contained anthocyanin diglucosides, with the malvidin-3,5-diglucoside (malvin) the most abundant one. Also, their concentration in molecular anthocyanins were higher than the concentration in normal wines. The Vidoc wines do not contain any malvin. For the other wines, malvin co-eluted with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and in this case, the cyanidin’s concentration was impressively higher than the Vidoc wines. The current OIV method gives different results for malvidol diglucoside compared to the use of an HPLC chromatography method (HPLC-DAD-QQQ). The current OIV method does not appear reliable in comparison with the HPLC method for detecting malvin. Finally, the hybrid wines had a darker blue/purplish color than the Vitis vinifera wines.
Ellagitannin evolution of aged Cognac eaux-de-vie; Impact of barrel toasting
Authors: Gadrat Mathilde , Emo Catherine , Lavergne Joël , Teissèdre Pierre-Louis , Chira Kléopatra
Published: February 2023

The contribution of C-glucosidic ellagitannin-derived compounds to eaux-de-vie quality has been recently demonstrated. However, there is a gap in our knowledge of the content, composition, and evolution of these compounds in this specific matrix. The objective of this study was therefore to carry out an analysis of the kinetics of these compounds, and to study how they are impacted by barrel toasting. For this purpose, barrels representing eight different to asting levels were used to age the same eau-de-vie during the first 18 months. Ellagitannin quantification was carried out by HPLC-QQQ. The results showed that C-glucosidic ellagitannins were extracted during the first 3 months of aging and then decreased, whereas ellagitannin-derived spirit compound concentrations increased throughout aging. In addition, barrel toasting had such an impact on ellagitannin content that barrels were differentiated according to their levels.
The use of Pulsed Light to reduce native population on the pruina of grapes, and the use of Lachancea thermotolerans as red wine acidifier
Authors: Escott Carlos , Vaquero Cristian , López Carmen , Loira Iris , González Carmen , del Fresno Juan Manuel , Suárez-Lepe José Antonio , Palomero Felipe , Morata Antonio
Published: February 2023

Pulsed light is an emerging technology used to limit the proliferation of microorganisms in food matrices. The treatment consists on the emission of ultra-short high intensity white light pulses. The light is composed by ultraviolet, visible and near infrared spectra. Its use in enology allows the winemaker to carry on ternary (simultaneous) and sequential fermentations. The PL working conditions were determined through this investigation at the same time that the implantation feasibility of yeast and bacteria for the acidification of red wine was assed. The experimental set up evaluated different doses (number of pulses and energy density) on destemmed grapes. The grapes were placed inside a laboratory-scale cabinet inside a tray and the grapes were mixed randomly three times within the treatment. The microorganisms (both native and inoculated) were followed up with selective and differential growing media. The yeast population decreased 1.2 log10 UFC/mL, although the reduction is less sensitive when the initial population is already low (e.g. 1 × 102 UFC/mL). The use of PL favored the accumulation of lactic acid, produced by either yeast or bacteria, in treated musts. The concentration of lactic acid was higher when using L. thermotolerans against the use of O. oenni in coinoculation or sequential MLF.
Sensory analysis of wines made with minority varieties found in Spain
Authors: Puig-Pujol Anna , Domingo Carme , Guerrero Lluís , Elorduy Xoán , Gomis-Bellmunt Anna
Published: February 2023

This study evaluates the organoleptic potential of 205 monovarietal wines made with 51 minority varieties found in Spain. The sensory analysis of 90 white, 6 rosé and 109 red wines produced during the 2019, 2020, and 2021 harvests has been carried out by means of an accredited tasting panel (UNE-EN ISO 10725:2017). These wines have been characterized by a total of 67 sensory descriptors (quantitative and qualitative). The goal of the work has been to study the oenological potential for the production of quality wines from varieties with a small area of cultivation, which could be more resistant to drought and certain fungal diseases because they are adapted to each climate zone. These features may be interesting to mitigate the effects of climate change and diversify the wine market that currently exists. The results have made it possible to analyse the sensory descriptors that define the main attributes of each variety, and to check the relationship between the sensory profile and the adaptation of the crop in each wine region.
Characterization of white and rosé sparkling wine lees surface volatiles
Authors: Martín-Garcia Alba , Riu-Aumatell Montserrat , López-Tamames Elvira
Published: February 2023

Cava is a sparkling wine that requires a second fermentation in the bottle. Its volatile fraction is conditioned by different parameters (grape, vinification process, fermentative yeast, and aging time). During the autolysis process, yeasts release compounds into the wine, but lees can adsorb certain compounds on their surface. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterize different white and rosé Cavas, and their lees. For this, white Cavas (CGR1: 40 months; CR1: 16 months) and rosé Cavas (CRR1: multivarietal coupage; CRR2: monovarietal; both 20 months) were studied. Once disgorged, lees were freeze-dried (L-CGR1, L-CR1, L-CRR1 and L-CRR2). In addition, lees waste from the winery were collected. pH, total polyphenol index (TPI) and colour intensity (CI) of Cavas and lees were determined. The volatile fraction was analysed by Head-Space Solid Phase Microextraction followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Lees showed higher values than their respective Cavas for TPI and CI, especially in the case of the L-CGR1. Most of the volatiles were identified both in Cavas and their lees, esters being the main compounds. Therefore, lees can retain phenolic and volatile compounds on their surface, which could be of interest as a new ingredient in the food industry.
Influencia de la reducción del grado alcohólico en los vinos de crianza biológica sobre sus características físico-químicas y sensoriales. Primeros resultados
Authors: Lasanta Cristina , Muñoz-Castells Raquel , Gómez Juan , Moreno Juan
Published: February 2023

Las Denominaciones de Origen Protegidas Jerez-Xérez-Sherry, Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda y Montilla-Moriles son de las más antiguas de España. En ellas se elaboran los vinos tipo Fino y Manzanilla mediante una etapa de crianza biológica bajo velo de Flor durante varios años. Estos vinos, que presentan características organolépticas específicas, tienen establecido una graduación alcohólica mínima del 15% (14,5% en el caso de los vinos Finos sin alcohol añadido en la DO Montilla-Moriles).

Los gustos de los consumidores van cambiando y cada vez hay una mayor preocupación por la salud, por lo que la tendencia actual es la de consumir bebidas alcohólicas con un contenido en alcohol moderado. En el presente trabajo, se ha estudiado la viabilidad de elaborar vinos tipo Fino y Manzanilla con un grado alcohólico más reducido. Los primeros resultados nos indican que es viable elaborar esta tipología de vinos con un menor contenido en alcohol, manteniendo la elaboración tradicional y calidad de estos vinos, aunque es un proceso que habrá que seguir estudiando a largo plazo.
Nachhaltiger Weintourismus - eine globale Befragung
Authors: Szolnoki Gergely , Stelter Anne-Christin , Tafel Maximilian , Ridoff Niklas , Nilsson Calle
Published: February 2023

Nachhaltigkeit gewann in den letzten 15 Jahren an Bedeutung und wenn man sich die Tourismusbranche ansieht, ist nachhaltige Entwicklung in aller Munde. Um die Wichtigkeit von Nachhaltigkeit im Bereich Weintourismus und deren einzelne Maßnahmen zu bewerten, wurde eine internationale Studie mit 1,580 Weingütern aus 42 Ländern durchgeführt. Ziel war es, die Einstellung der Produzenten zu verstehen und allgemeine Informationen sowie konkrete Beispiele zur erfolgreichen Umsetzung von nachhaltigem Weintourismus zu erforschen. Darüber hinaus war auch die zukünftig erwartete Wichtigkeit des nachhaltigen Weintourismus ein wichtiger Aspekt der Studie. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Nachhaltigkeit eine entscheidende Rolle für die Weingüter spielt. Ebenso sehen sie im Weintourismus ein wichtiges Werkzeug, ihr gesamtes Unternehmen nachhaltiger auszurichten. Jedoch ergab die Umfrage auch, dass die Winzer Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten bei ihren weintouristischen Angeboten in Bezug auf Nachhaltigkeit sehen. Die Förderung der Biodiversität (ökologisch), die Entwicklung einer langfristigen Unternehmensstrategie (ökonomisch) und ein offener und ehrlicher Umgang mit den Mitarbeitern (sozial) sind nach Ansicht der Produzenten die wirksamsten Maßnahmen, nachhaltigen Weintourismus zu fördern.
L’œnotourisme au service des IG
Authors: Huysmans Anaïs
Published: February 2023

Wine exports from Provence have grown by over 30% in ten years. In response to the pandemic, the constituent appellations of this region1 have adapted to the closure of consumer frontiers. The expansion of local consumption through œnotourism in the locality of the viticultural terroir provides an element of resilience through which the industry can pursue its ambitions. In order to sustain performance, territorial promotion needs to coexist with geographical indications (GIs), and to permit the exploitation of expertise associated with the latter. While the wines of Provence are the only viticultural beverages which are permitted, under the terms of French and EU legislation, to be designated by the distinctive term « Provence »2, their constituent appellations fall within a broader administrative territory, under the name of the Provence-Alpes-Côtes d’Azur Region (PACA).
The role of climate and trade policies in the wine sector
Authors: Lamonaca Emilia , Seccia Antonio , Santeramo Fabio Gaetano
Published: February 2023

New production and trade patterns due to climate change and policy interventions are increasingly affecting the wine sector. This paper investigates how patterns of production and trade in main wine producing regions respond to changes in climate and policy interventions. An approach based on a combination of Ricardian trade and climate models suggests that higher temperatures in the main producing regions of wine benefit both production and trade of wine. A gravity-based analysis shows that the effects of policy interventions on the global trade of wine are heterogeneous and dependent on the specific objective of the intervention.
Dose assessment based on short-ranged computer simulation in a radioactive release event
Authors: Curzio R.C. , Bonfim C.E.S. , Silva T.M.S. , Stenders R.M. , Ramos de Andrade E.
Published: February 2023

This study describes the computational modeling of the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides resulting from a hypothetical nuclear accident involving an off-site release of the inventory of a Small Modular Reactor (SMR). The inventory released was simulated with the aid of the SCALE software, considering 2 years of continuous operation. The radionuclide Cs-137 was selected due to its abilities to cause environmental damage. A simulation of the atmospheric dispersion of the radionuclide was performed using the codes HotSpot (analytical) and ANSYS (numerical). The distribution of concentrations and consequent equivalent total effective doses (TEDE) were estimated as a function of the distance from the point of release and the local atmospheric stability conditions. In the study, a hybrid computer simulation refers to the simultaneous application of the analytical and numerical models of the nuclear event. The results from the simulated conditions agree with the environmental Cs-137 concentration values, regardless of whether those values are from a numerical or analytical model. However, there is a disagreement about the location and distribution of these concentrations. It was also verified that the average percentage error of the results obtained in the two simulations was around 5%, considering the evaluation between 400 and 1500 m from the origin of the dispersion. For smaller distances in relation to the release point, the analytical and numerical models produce solutions that, although divergent, were shown to be complementary. The relevance of this investigation shows the importance of the convergence of isolated computing platforms in order to support decision-making.
Mathematical formula to calculate the attenuation coefficients for any complex sample: experimental study
Authors: Gouda M.M. , Abbas M.I. , Ismail A.O. , El-Khatib A.M.
Published: February 2023

This work introduces a mathematical formula to calculate the attenuation coefficient of a cylindrical sample placed on the top of a well-shaped gamma-ray detector. The formula depends on calculations of the average path length of the photon through a sample and the effective solid angle. The obtained results using the introduced formula are compared with the NIST XCOM database and compared with the experimental work using two different-sized detectors and sources located in two different positions. A remarkable agreement between both was observed, which proves the validity of this formula.
Wer sollte die pädiatrischen Wirbelsäulenpathologien (Tumore, Deformitäten, Trauma) operieren?
Der Wirbelsäulenchirurg, oder der Kinderorthopäde, – Neurochirurg?
Authors: Jeszenszky Dezsö
Published: February 2023

Seit Jahrzehnten besteht in chirurgischen Kreisen ein Kompetenzgerangel bezüglich der Behandlung von Wirbelsäulenpathologien, insbesondere bei pädiatrischen Patienten. Zum Wohle unserer Patienten braucht es einen ausgebildeten Wirbelsäulenchirurg nach der Facharztweiterbildung Orthopädie/Unfallchirurgie oder Neurochirurgie. Eine entsprechende Spezialisierung mit operativer Erfahrung in allen Segmenten der Wirbelsäule und fachlicher Kenntnis in der Versorgung der kindlichen und wachsenden Wirbelsäule werden eine optimale Patientenversorgung in der Zukunft gewährleisten.
Operative Versorgung der Typ 2 Dens Fraktur bei >80 j – Pro
Authors: Arand Markus
Published: February 2023

Typ 2 Frakturen des Dens axis bei mobilen und rüstigen Patienten >80 Jahren und bei frailty-Patienten sind in der Regel operativ zu stabilisieren. In der Literatur spiegelt sich ein Wandel weg von der konservativen und hin zu der operativen Stabilisation wieder, nachdem Metaanalysen und die Aufarbeitung großer Datenbanken für das operative Verfahren eine geringere Mortalität zeigen. Die eigene prospektive Erfassung 2012–2022 von 55 konsekutiv operierten Patienten zeigt eine Frühmortalität von 15% und liegt damit auch im Trend der Literatur. 16 (29%) der Patienten wurden über einen dorsalen Zugang occipitozervikal und ein Patient (2%) C1–C3 stabilisiert, in dieser Gruppe war die Inzidenz von translatorischen Instabilitäten C1–C2 und begleitende instabile Atlas- und Massa lateralis-Frakturen C2 deutlich höher, wie auch die Frühmortalität (38%). Bei 37 Patienten (67%) wurde die Osteosynthese/Stabilisation über einen ventralen Zugang bei einfacherer Frakturmorphologie vorgenommen (15×1 Schraube, 8×2 Schrauben und 14 C2–C1 transartikulär beidseits) mit einer Frühmortalität von 5%, aber einer höheren Komplikationsrate für Schluckstörungen und implantatassoziierte Komplikationen. Moribunde Patienten, ohne Aussicht auf Mobilität sollten konservativ im Sinne of „best supportive care“ behandelt werden.
Innovationssicherung: Innovationstreiber Einkauf, Logistik und Technik
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: February 2023

Innovationen im Rahmen der Krankenhausversorgung bilden einen entscheidenden Stellhebel für die verbesserte Versorgungssicherheit und -qualität der Patientenversorgung. Einkauf, Logistik und die technische Abteilung sollten verstärkt ihre Qualifikationen in die Weiterentwicklung der Krankenhausversorgung einbringen.
Stärke zeigen: Verhandeln aus einer Position der Schwäche
Authors: Schlüchtermann Jörg , Krampf Peter
Published: February 2023

Krankenhauseinkäufer kennen schon immer die Situation, dass sie in Verhandlungen mit Lieferanten in einer eher wenig machtvollen Position sind. Genau dann sollte man sich auf die Gespräche besonders gut vorbereiten.
The relationship between investment intensity and profitability measures from the perspective of foreign investors
Authors: AL Ani Mawih Kareem , Chavali Kavita
Published: February 2023

Investment intensity is the level of investment in fixed assets that affects a company’s long-term growth prospects. In order to make good investment decisions, investors pay more attention to achieving a high level of investment intensity. This study examines the impact of two non-GAAP measures of profitability—earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization and earnings before interest and tax—on investment intensity in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries. The study also examines the preference for two non-GAAP measures of profitability from the perspective of foreign investors. The study conducts panel data regressions using 205 firm observations covering the period 2010–2019 to examine the relationship between earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization, earnings before interest and tax, and investment intensity. The study used various statistical estimators to overcome the heterogeneity and endogeneity problems of panel data and employed many diagnostic tests to increase robustness. The study finds that earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization are positively and significantly associated with investment intensity in all GCC countries, but earnings before interest and tax are negatively associated with investment intensity in these countries. The results indicate that foreign investors prefer to use earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization to make decisions about investment intensity. The main implication of the study is that capital market regulators and foreign investors should use earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization information as a guideline to improve investment intensity decisions and achieve a better allocation of resources in capital markets.
Enhanced current density and asymmetry of metal–insulator–metal diodes based on self-assembly of Pt nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Zhen , Abe Shunsuke , Shimizu Makoto , Yugami Hiroo
Published: February 2023

Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diodes facilitate rectification at high frequencies. However, the rectification ratio for light from visible to infrared spectra is insufficient. In this study, we developed a MIM diode with a strongly enhanced electric field achieved using the self-assembly of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) via atomic layer deposition. By shaping the tunneling barrier, current density and asymmetry were simultaneously enhanced by several orders of magnitude compared with the symmetric MIM diode. The diode efficiency of the proposed MIM diodes was experimentally demonstrated to be 231 times greater than that of the MIM diode without NPs. This strategy indicates significant potential for high-frequency rectification applicable in optical rectenna.
Stability and energy identity for Yang–Mills–Higgs pairs
Authors: Han Xiaoli , Jin Xishen , Wen Yang
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we study the properties of the critical points of Yang–Mills–Higgs functional, which are called Yang–Mills–Higgs pairs. We first consider the properties of weakly stable Yang–Mills–Higgs pairs on a vector bundle over Sn (n ≥ 4). When n ≥ 4, we prove that the norm of its Higgs field is 1 and the connection is actually Yang–Mills. More precisely, its curvature vanishes when n ≥ 5. We also use the bubble-neck decomposition to prove the energy identity of a sequence of Yang–Mills–Higgs pairs over a four-dimensional compact manifold with uniformly bounded energy. We show there is a subsequence that converges smoothly to a Yang–Mills–Higgs pair up to gauge modulo finitely many four-dimensional spheres with Yang–Mills connections.
Unlocking perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with Gd substitution in SmN
Authors: Miller J. D. , Trodahl H. J. , Al Khalfioui M. , Vézian S. , Ruck B. J.
Published: February 2023

A unique bulk-origin perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is reported in thin films of the cubic ferromagnetic semiconductor GdxSm1−xN. PMA behavior is clearly signaled by in-vs-out-of-plane magnetic hysteresis showing out-of-plane remanence of ∼80% of the saturation magnetization in films with up to 30% Gd. Anomalous Hall effect data show further that the conduction-band spin imbalance shows complete 100% remanence to retain half-metallic conduction even as the out-of-plane applied field is reduced to zero, in stark contrast to the 80% magnetization remanence. The unusual occurrence of PMA in this cubic material is discussed as stabilized by a mix of two in-plane crystal orientations in the epitaxial (111)-oriented films.
Effects of flexibility in coarse-grained models for bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulin G
Authors: Hirschmann Frank , Lopez Hender , Roosen-Runge Felix , Seydel Tilo , Schreiber Frank , Oettel Martin
Published: February 2023

We construct a coarse-grained, structure-based, low-resolution, 6-bead flexible model of bovine serum albumin (BSA, PDB: 4F5S), which is a popular example of a globular protein in biophysical research. The model is obtained via direct Boltzmann inversion using all-atom simulations of a single molecule, and its particular form is selected from a large pool of 6-bead coarse-grained models using two suitable metrics that quantify the agreement in the distribution of collective coordinates between all-atom and coarse-grained Brownian dynamics simulations of solutions in the dilute limit. For immunoglobulin G (IgG), a similar structure-based 12-bead model has been introduced in the literature [Chaudhri et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 116, 8045 (2012)] and is employed here to compare findings for the compact BSA molecule and the more anisotropic IgG molecule. We define several modified coarse-grained models of BSA and IgG, which differ in their internal constraints and thus account for a variation of flexibility. We study denser solutions of the coarse-grained models with purely repulsive molecules (achievable by suitable salt conditions) and address the effect of packing and flexibility on dynamic and static behavior. Translational and rotational self-diffusivity is enhanced for more elastic models. Finally, we discuss a number of effective sphere sizes for the BSA molecule, which can be defined from its static and dynamic properties. Here, it is found that the effective sphere diameters lie between 4.9 and 6.1 nm, corresponding to a relative spread of about ±10% around a mean of 5.5 nm.
Equation of state for the Mie (λr,6) fluid with a repulsive exponent from 11 to 13
Authors: Pohl Sven , Fingerhut Robin , Thol Monika , Vrabec Jadran , Span Roland
Published: February 2023

An empirical multi-parameter equation of state in terms of the reduced Helmholtz energy is presented for the Mie (λr-6) fluid with a repulsive exponent λr from 11 to 13. The equation is fitted to an extensive dataset from molecular dynamics simulation as well as the second and third thermal virial coefficients. It is comprehensively compared with the SAFT-VR model and is a more accurate description of the considered fluid class. The equation is valid for reduced temperatures T/Tc from 0.55 to 4.5 and for reduced pressures of up to p/pc = 265. A good extrapolation behavior and the occurrence of a single Maxwell loop down to the vicinity of the triple point temperature are realized.
Further investigations into a Laplace MP2 method using range separated Coulomb potential and orbital selective virtuals: Multipole correction, OSV extrapolation, and critical assessment
Authors: Demel Ondřej , Lecours Michael J. , Nooijen Marcel
Published: February 2023

We report further investigations to aid the development of a Laplace MP2 (second-order Møller Plesset) method with a range separated Coulomb potential partitioned into short- and long-range parts. The implementation of the method extensively uses sparse matrix algebra, density fitting techniques for the short-range part, and a Fourier transformation in spherical coordinates for the long-range part of the potential. Localized molecular orbitals are employed for the occupied space, whereas virtual space is described by orbital specific virtual orbitals (OSVs) associated with localized molecular orbitals. The Fourier transform is deficient for very large distances between localized occupied orbitals, and a multipole expansion for widely separated pairs is introduced for the direct MP2 contribution, which is applicable also to non-Coulombic potentials that do not satisfy the Laplace equation. For the exchange contribution, an efficient screening of contributing localized occupied pairs is employed, which is discussed more completely here. To mitigate errors due to the truncation of OSVs, a simple and efficient extrapolation procedure is used to obtain results close to MP2 for the full basis set of atomic orbitals Using a suitable set of default parameters, the accuracy of the approach is demonstrated. The current implementation of the approach is not very efficient, and the aim of this paper is to introduce and critically discuss ideas that can have more general applicability beyond MP2 calculations for large molecules.
Bosonic topological insulators at the superconductor-to-superinsulator transition
Authors: Diamantini M. C. , Trugenberger C. A.
Published: February 2023

We review the topological gauge theory of the superconductor-to-superinsulator transition. The possible intermediate Bose metal phase intervening between these two states is a bosonic topological insulator. We point out that the correct treatment of a bosonic topological insulator requires a normally neglected, additional dimensionless parameter, which arises because of the non-commutativity between the infinite gap limit and phase space reduction. We show that the bosonic topological insulator is a functional first Landau level. The additional parameter drives two Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) quantum transitions to superconducting and superinsulating phases, respectively. The two BKT correlation scales account for the emergent granularity observed around the transition. Finally, we derive the ground state wave function for a system of charges and vortices in the Bose metal phase.
Study on the plasma characteristics in a needle-plate dielectric barrier discharge with a rotating dielectric plate
Authors: Yu Guanglin , Jiang Nan , Peng Bangfa , Sun Haoyang , Liu Zhengyan , Li Jie
Published: February 2023

The enhancement of plasma generation in atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is gaining increasing interest for various plasma applications. In this paper, the effect of surface charges moving with the rotating dielectric plate on improving the generation of streamer channels is investigated by a statistical analysis of electrical measurements, optical diagnostics, and numerical simulation in a needle-plate DBD device with a rotating dielectric plate. Results suggest that rotating the dielectric plate can improve the spatiotemporal distribution of streamer channels by inducing a bending of the streamer channels and an increase in the number of discharges. Statistical results show that the number of current pulse and discharge energy are increased by 20% and 47%, respectively, at the rotating speed of 160 rps (revolution per second). Based on the interaction between the applied electric field and the electric field induced by surface charges, a formula is proposed to govern the effect of rotating the dielectric plate on the discharge energy and streamer bending. To further understand the mechanism of the influence of rotating the dielectric plate on plasma properties, a 2D fluid model is implemented, and the reduced electric field and streamer propagation are analyzed. Results show that the effective transfer and reuse of surface charges play an important role in the enhancement of plasma generation.
Sputter-grown c-axis-oriented PdCoO2 thin films
Authors: Harada T. , Nagai T. , Oishi M. , Masahiro Y.
Published: February 2023

Metallic delafossites, ABO2 (A = Pd or Pt), are layered oxides that are as conductive as elemental metals. The high conductivity and surface polarity make metallic delafossites fascinating electrode materials for heterostructure devices. Here, we report the successful growth of c-axis-oriented PdCoO2 thin films on Al2O3 (001) substrates by magnetron sputtering that is widely used in industries. The observation of the PdCoO2 thin films through scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed layered crystal structures. A sharp interface exhibiting a layer stacking sequence of Pd/CoO2/Al2O3 was observed clearly, similar to the interfaces obtained with other growth methods such as pulsed laser deposition and molecular beam epitaxy. This layer stacking is particularly interesting because it can induce a high work function at the interface. The in-plane resistivity of the as-grown PdCoO2 thin film was 73 μΩ cm at room temperature, which decreased to 11 μΩ cm after post-annealing. The residual resistivity ratio of the annealed thin films was approximately 2.9. The impurity phases of PdOx were observed using x-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The sputtering deposition of c-axis-oriented thin films could lead to the practical application of the polar surface of PdCoO2 in semiconductor devices.
A self-locking Rydberg atom electric field sensor
Authors: Fancher C. T. , Nicolich K. L. , Backes K. M. , Malvania N. , Cox K. , Meyer D. H. , Kunz P. D. , Hill J. C. , Holland W. , Schmittberger Marlow B. L.
Published: February 2023

A crucial step toward enabling real-world applications for quantum sensing devices such as Rydberg atom electric field sensors is reducing their size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C) requirements without significantly reducing performance. Laser frequency stabilization is a key part of many quantum sensing devices and, when used for exciting non-ground state atomic transitions, is currently limited to techniques that require either large SWaP-C optical cavities and electronics or use significant optical power solely for frequency stabilization. Here, we describe a laser frequency stabilization technique for exciting non-ground state atomic transitions that solves these challenges and requires only a small amount of additional electronics. We describe the operation, capabilities, and limitations of this frequency stabilization technique and quantitatively characterize its performance. We show experimentally that Rydberg electric field sensors using this technique are capable of data collection while sacrificing only 0.1% of available bandwidth for frequency stabilization of noise up to 900 Hz.
Efficient quantum analytic nuclear gradients with double factorization
Authors: Hohenstein Edward G. , Oumarou Oumarou , Al-Saadon Rachael , Anselmetti Gian-Luca R. , Scheurer Maximilian , Gogolin Christian , Parrish Robert M.
Published: February 2023

Efficient representations of the Hamiltonian, such as double factorization, drastically reduce the circuit depth or the number of repetitions in error corrected and noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithms for chemistry. We report a Lagrangian-based approach for evaluating relaxed one- and two-particle reduced density matrices from double factorized Hamiltonians, unlocking efficiency improvements in computing the nuclear gradient and related derivative properties. We demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of our Lagrangian-based approach to recover all off-diagonal density matrix elements in classically simulated examples with up to 327 quantum and 18 470 total atoms in QM/MM simulations with modest-sized quantum active spaces. We show this in the context of the variational quantum eigensolver in case studies, such as transition state optimization, ab initio molecular dynamics simulation, and energy minimization of large molecular systems.
Ionization energies and ionization-induced structural changes in 2-phenylethylamine and its monohydrate
Authors: Yifrach Yair , Rahimi Rami , Baraban Joshua H. , Bar Ilana
Published: February 2023

We report the resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization combined with various detection approaches and quantum chemical calculations of biologically relevant neurotransmitter prototypes, the most stable conformer of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA), and its monohydrate, PEA-H2O, to reveal the possible interactions between the phenyl ring and amino group in the neutral and ionic species. Extracting the ionization energies (IEs) and appearance energy was achieved by measuring the photoionization and photodissociation efficiency curves of the PEA parent and photofragment ions, together with velocity and kinetic energy-broadened spatial map images of photoelectrons. We obtained coinciding upper bounds for the IEs for PEA and PEA-H2O of 8.63 ± 0.03 and 8.62 ± 0.04 eV, within the range predicted by quantum calculations. The computed electrostatic potential maps show charge separation, corresponding to a negative charge on phenyl and a positive charge on the ethylamino side chain in the neutral PEA and its monohydrate; in the cations, the charge distributions naturally become positive. The significant changes in geometries upon ionization include switching of the amino group orientation from pyramidal to nearly planar in the monomer but not in the monohydrate, lengthening of the N–H⋯π hydrogen bond (HB) in both species, Cα–Cβ bond in the side chain of the PEA+ monomer, and the intermolecular O–H⋯N HB in PEA-H2O cations, leading to distinct exit channels.
Analytical model for ionic current dominated corrosion of nanoelectrodes in metalized films: Frequency and electric stress
Authors: Li Hua , Qiu Tian , Li Zheng , Lin Fuchang , Zhang Qin
Published: February 2023

Metalized film capacitors in a.c. applications suffer high frequency and high voltage, which will induce electrode corrosion, leading to capacitance degradation. The intrinsic mechanism of the corrosion is oxidation caused by ionic migration in the oxide film formed on the electrode surface. In this work, a D–M–O illustration structure for the nanoelectrode corrosion process is established, and thereby, an analytical model is derived to study the influences of frequency and electric stress on corrosion speed in a quantitative approach. The analytical results well conform to the experimental facts. It is found the corrosion rate rises with frequency and finally tends to reach a saturation value. The electric field in oxide has an exponential-like contribution to the corrosion rate. In the case of aluminum metalized films, the saturation frequency and minimum field required for corrosion initiation are, respectively, 3434 Hz and 0.35 V/nm calculated by the proposed equations.
Microphase behaviors and shear moduli of double-network gels: The effect of crosslinking constraints and chain uncrossability
Authors: Zhang Jinrong , Yan Dadong , Qi Shuanhu
Published: February 2023

By performing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we study the effect of crosslinking and chain uncrossability on the microphase behaviors and mechanical properties of the double-network gels. The double-network systems can be viewed as two separate networks interpenetrating each other uniformly, and the crosslinks in each network are generated, forming a regular cubic lattice. The chain uncrossability is confirmed by appropriately choosing the bonded and nonbonded interaction potentials. Our simulations reveal a close relation between the phase and mechanical properties of the double-network systems and their network topological structures. Depending on the lattice size and the solvent affinity, we have observed two different microphases: one is the aggregation of solvophobic beads around the crosslinking points, which leads to locally polymer-rich domains, and the other is the bunching of polymer strands, which thickens the network edges and thus changes the network periodicity. The former is a representation of the interfacial effect, while the latter is determined by the chain uncrossability. The coalescence of network edges is demonstrated to be responsible for the large relative increase in the shear modulus. Compressing and stretching induced phase transitions are observed in the current double-network systems, and the sharp discontinuous change in the stress that appears at the transition point is found to be related to the bunching or debunching of the network edges. The results suggest that the regulation of network edges has a strong influence on the network mechanical properties.