bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Soil Physical Properties of Cambisol Using Soil Amendment
Authors: Darusman Darusman , Devianti Devianti , Husen Edi
Published: October 2018

Managing dryland requires intergrated knowledges on soil, water and plants relationship in order to achieve maximum yield. Using local and unused resource is important not only in aspect of reducing pollution but low price and also affordable for farmers. Thus, using amendment from in situ resources is suggested by many experts. This amendment used is assumed it could contribute improvement physical properties of soil and result better yields. This study aimed to studi more deeply on how much of soil amendment might improve physical properties of Cambisol under dryland environment and furthermore find out the crop response to soil amendments. The research was conducted during July to Oct. 2016 at Gampong Paud, Muara Tiga District, Pidie District, Aceh Province  with the altitude ± 30 m asl and slope 0-3 %.  A Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with two factors replicated three times was used. First factor was soil amendment consisting of 4 levels ; no amendment (control), cow manure amount 10 ton ha -1, straw compost 10 ton ha-1, and  cow manure 10 ton ha -1 + compost 10 ton ha-1. The second factor was 5 varieties of peanut: Tuban, Hypoma 2, Bima, Kelinci and Gajah. The parameters observed were soil bulk density, permeability, total soil porosity, aggregate stability index, soil water holding capacity at water potential -3 and -15 bar.  Results of our studies showed soil amandement improves some soil physical properties, combination amendment with variety of peanuts resulted significant effects to soil physical properties, and combination treatments mostly influenced soil physical properties at soil depth of 0 -20 cm.  Addition of 10 tons ha -1 cow manure or 10 ton ha -1  straw compost  is enough to improve soil physical properties
Measuring Passenger Car Unit (PCU) at Four Legged Roundabout using Time Occupancy Data Collected from Drone
Authors: Sugiarto Sugiarto , Apriandy Fadhlullah , Faisal Ruhdi , Saleh Sofyan M.
Published: October 2018

This study aims to measure the values of passenger car unit (PCU) at a four-legged roundabout based on the time occupancy data in complex traffic operation. Within mixed traffic, the PCUs are needed as a equivalency factor to convert various type of vehicles to a standard unit. The unit of PCU was used to determine capacity and level of service of specific the traffic condition. The composition of vehicles going through the intersection,  mostly varies and each type of vehicles tends to have diverse effects on capacity and level of services. Consequently, a conversion factor from various vehicles to a standard vehicle is required.   The data of this study was collected using a drone at the investigated roundabout at one of the major roundabouts in Aceh Besar, Aceh province, Indonesia. The method used was the vehicle's time occupancy, in which  calculated from  the average time required by each vehicle to pass through the roundabout area. The results show that the PCU values obtained is 0.16 for motorcycle, 0.59 for rickshaw, 1.07 for pickup, 1.91 for a medium vehicle, and 3.76 for the heavy vehicle. These results should be utilized for converting various type of vehicles into PCUs to estimate capacity and level of services, especially at the roundabout trafict. This results may be suitable to revise the Indonesian Traffic Code, named Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997, and useful for ongoing national-level efforts to upgrade the  Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual.
Characterization of Rare Earth Elements in Tailing of Ex-Tin Mining Sands from Singkep Island, Indonesia
Authors: Hamzah Yanuar , Mardhiansyah Muhammad , Firdaus Liong Nyuk
Published: October 2018

The objective of this research is to determine the rare earth elements (REEs) from themonazite minerals content of several tin tailing sands (TTS)of ex-tin mining area in Kuala Raya Singkep Island, Indonesia. We used the energy dispersive analysis of  X-ray (EDAX)-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to characterize the contents of the samples. The coupled analytical of XRD with SEM/EDX approach enabled to be used for mineralogical identification on the heavy mineral as a rapid determination approach. The analysis of the samples indicates only the presence of REEs including lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and thorium (Th) are consistent with the identification of monazite and minerals in the tailing sand. The results show that the average REEs consist of La at 0.2 .%, Ce at 7.8 %, and Th at 2.0% respectively. It is concluded that monazite minerals in TTS has an economic potential to be developed. These monazite minerals can be used as material for semiconductor devices.
Luwak Coffee Classification Using UV-Vis Spectroscopy Data: Comparison of Linear Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machine Methods
Authors: Suhandy Diding , Yulia Meinilwita
Published: October 2018

UV-Vis spectroscopy has been used as a promising method for coffee quality evaluation including in authentication of several high-economic coffee types. In this paper, we have compared the abilities of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machines classification (SVMC) methods for Luwak coffee classification. UV-Vis spectral data of 50 samples of pure Luwak coffee and 50 samples of pure non-Luwak coffee were acquired using a UV-Vis spectrometer in transmittance mode. The results show that UV-Vis spectroscopy combined with LDA and SVMC was an effective method to classify Luwak and non-Luwak coffee samples. The classification result was acceptable and yielded 100% classification accuracy for both LDA and SVMC methods. However, due to the simplicity and volume of the required calculation, in this present study LDA method is superior to SVMC method.
Evaluation of Workers and Customers Exposure to Noise Level in Delta Mall and Robinson Plaza, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Farouq Ado Umar , Ahonsi Peter I
Published: October 2018

This research work titled “Evaluation of Noise Exposure Level in Delta Mall and Robinson Plaza” was aimed at the determination of the noise exposure level and it’s implication to the health of workers/individuals in Delta Mall and Robinson Plaza. A sound level meter (SLM) of model 407736 was used to measure the noise level in Delta Mall and Robinson Plaza. At Robinson plaza, the noise was measured in 13 different locations and they are numbered Block A – N with an exception of Block I. The procedure was carried out in the morning (9:00am – 9:30am), afternoon (1:00pm – 1:30pm), and evening (6:00pm – 6:30pm) measurements for a period of 30 days. The noise exposure level of the entire study area for Robinson Plaza, revealed an average dose of 177.2% and equivalent TWA of 94.1 dBA for 12 hours duration per day and when compared with OSHA standard, it exceeded the exposure action value in the OSHA noise exposure limits (90 dBA for 8 hours duration per day), hence, a detailed risk assessment must be completed for the entire Robinson Plaza. While the noise exposure level of the entire study area for Delta Mall, revealed an average dose of 115.5% and equivalent TWA of 91.0 dBA for 12 hours duration per day and when compared with OSHA standard, it exceeded the exposure action value in the OSHA noise exposure limits (90 dBA for 8 hours duration per day), hence, a detailed risk assessment must be completed for the entire Delta Mall. It’s therefore concluded that the noise generated from both Delta Mall and Robinson Plaza can be harmful to the health of workers. It was recommended that due to these possible effects of noise pollution on the populace, the following action should be carried out: Isolate noise at source, Using protection equipment, Urgent need for legislation to control noise pollution, and Public awakening and education.
Examination of the life quality of lecturer of Sports Science Faculties according to various variables
Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde görev yapan öğretim elemanlarının yaşam kalitelerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi
Authors: Çalık Fehmi , Okudan Bilal , Mikailsoy Günel , Keten Seyyit Ahmet
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the life quality of lecturers working in the Sports Science Faculty according to some factors. For this purpose, a 27-items short form of WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life scale and Personal Information Form was applied to the 101 (female 36, male 65) lecturers of sport sciences faculties in the Marmara region on a voluntary. The SPSS package program was used for statistical analysis. For the normality of data, Skewness and Kurtosis points were checked.  For the normal distribution, One-way ANOVA Pearson correlation were used for the analysis of data.According to findings, while there was no significant difference between the quality of life subscales and gender, age and monthly income level, there was a significant difference between the participate to sports activities. It was also found that there was a positive correlation between quality of life subscales.As a result, it was found that the participating to sports activities caused significant differences in the quality of life.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, spor bilimleri fakültelerinde görev yapan öğretim elemanlarının yaşam kalitelerini bazı değişkenlere göre incelemektir. Bu amaçla Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki spor bilimleri fakültelerinde çalışan 101 (36 kadın, 65 erkek) öğretim elemanlarının bazılarına yüz yüze bazılarına internet üzerinden gönüllü olarak 27 sorudan oluşan WHOQOL-BREF Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kısa formu ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS paket programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normalliği için skewness ve kurtosis değerleri control edilmiştir. Normal dağılım gösteren veriler için, independent t test, One-way ANOVA ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır.Bulgulara göre, yaşam kalitesi alt boyutları ile cinsiyet, yaş ve aylık gelir düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık görülmezken, spor yapma durumu arasında anlamlı bir farklılık görülmüştür. Ayrıca, yaşam kalitesi alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç olarak, spor yapma durumunun yaşam kalitesi üzerinde önemli farklılıklara neden olduğu görülmüştür.
The conveyance of Andalusian music culture to Medieval Europe through Qiyan Girls
Endülüs müzik kültürünün Qiyan Kızları aracılığı ile Ortaçağ Avrupasına aktarımı
Authors: Erdal Gülşen
Published: October 2018

In this study, cultural influences of Andalusian music on medieval Europe was attempted to be assessed. In Andalusia, music was institutionalized in the field of education within the musical identity of the musician Ziryab from Baghdad. It was seen that the techniques and methods used in this school now take part in "conservatory" education. It was determined that some of the instruments used today are of Andalusian origin and were transferred to medieval Europe through cultural interactions. It was seen that the forms of singing move to Europe with examples of minstrels and religious music in both religious and secular areas of music. It was determined that this situation emerged as a result of the interaction of the common music culture of the cultures living in Andalusia with medieval Europe. The data were obtained by literature review.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmada, Endülüs Müziği’nin Ortaçağ Avrupası’na kültürel etkileri değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Endülüs’de müziğin, Bağdat’lı müzisyen Ziryab’ın müzikal kimliğinde, eğitim alanında kurumsallaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu okulda kullanılan teknik ve yöntemlerin, günümüzde konservatuvar eğitiminde yer aldığı görülmüştür. Günümüzde kullanılan bazı çalgıların Endülüs kaynaklı olduğu ve ortaçağ Avrupa’sına kültürel etkileşimler yoluyla geçtiği belirlenmiştir. Şarkı söyleme biçimlerinin hem dini hem dindışı müzik alanlarında saz şairleri ve dinsel müzik örnekleriyle Avrupa’ya taşındığı görülmüştür. Bu durumun Endülüs’de yaşayan kültürlerin ortak müzik kültürünün Ortaçağ Avrupası’yla etkileşimi sonucu ortaya çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada veriler literatür tarama yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir.
Relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction according to exercise participation in obese female university students
Authors: Toros Turhan , Kesilmiş İnci , Başhan İbrahim
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction according to exercise participation in obese female university students. The sample of the study consisted of over 18 age 145 obese (BMI≥30) that were regularly exercising for at least 4 days, 90 minutes in a week for 6 mounts and 136 obese sedentary (BMI≥30). The mean age was (20.69 ± 1.84) for obese female students who participated regular exercise and (20.19 ± 1.49) for obese female university students who was sedentary. “General Self-Efficacy Scale” that originally developed by Sherer et al. (1982) and adapted to Turkish by Yıldırım and İlhan (2010) and “Life Satisfaction Scale” that originally developed by Diener et al. (1985) and adapted to Turkish by Yetim (1991) were used for measurement. For statistical analysis, The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine whether the scores were normally distributed. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t test and pearson correlation analysis were also applied. There was statistically significant difference for the mean life satisfaction (t = 7.68, p <.05) but there was no statistically significant difference for the mean self-efficacy (t = 1.17; p> .05) between two groups according to the t test results. There was a significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and total self-efficacy scores (r = .551**). As a result, there was significant difference in life satisfaction between two groups. Obese female students with high self-efficacy perceptions may be aware of their abilities and thus rely on their abilities. In this case, it can be concluded that they are happy and generally enjoy life.
An evaluation of urban open spaces in Historical City Center of Konya in the context of pedestrian mobility
Authors: Yılmaz Çakmak Bilgehan , Topçu Mehmet
Published: October 2018

Cities are organisms that live in a balance of continuity with the structures they possess and the urban open spaces that connect them. For this organism, staying alive and healthy is possible if urban dwellers, who are the users, utilize the spaces in a manner that preserves their integrity and locate each space in mental perception. Research problem/aim; Squares, which are one of the urban open spaces, are the breathing centers of the city that play important roles in maintaining this integrity. This study aims to test the relation of squares and pedestrian movement for each square and for the whole historical city. Method; In the present study examining the squares and their relationships in the historical city center of Konya province, 7 squares that have a semantic relationship resulting from being located on a specific axis with one another were analyzed with respect to pedestrian use and the respective physical characteristics of the squares. The main criteria defined in the study constitute the 3 steps of the method. These were identified as function-diversity, accessibility-form and livability–identity. Analyses were conducted based on the 3 established criteria and the 7 sub-criteria that measure the relationships among these at certain levels. Each analysis constitutes a step of the method and enables to achieve a result by using different measurement techniques. In the context of the analyses and findings, qualitative and quantitative studies such as a questionnaire study, land use, dominant land use, function diversity, global and local accessibility, form and geometry, urban open space and symbolic elements analyses were conducted for each square. Findings, Conclusions; As a result of this study carried out with the aim of reinforcing urban continuity and enhancing the relationship among squares, the primary data for each square were obtained and suggestions were presented for eliminating the deficiencies. With the implementation of these suggestions, the holistic perception of the squares, which are focal points located within the historical city center, will be stronger and these squares will have more enhanced functional and semantic connections with one another. In this way, significant contributions will be made regarding the users’ getting to know the city center, the use of squares for different needs and the protection of the integrity of the historical city center with regard to cultural identity.
Wstęp
Authors: Popiel-Machnicki Wawrzyniec
Published: October 2018

Wstęp
Pętla jako klucz do odkrywania tożsamości bohaterów „Braci Karamazow” Fiodora Dostojewskiego
Authors: Bogusz-Tessmar Paulina
Published: October 2018

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Futurologiczna wizja świata w powieści Tatiany Tołstoj „Kyś”
Authors: Smagina Nadzieja
Published: October 2018

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Wielka Smuta w najnowszej literaturze i filmie rosyjskim
Authors: Świątek Paweł
Published: October 2018

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„Riwne / Rowno” Ołeksandra Irwancia jako przykład antyutopii we współczesnej literaturze ukraińskiej
Authors: Wieczorek Karolina
Published: October 2018

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Człowiek sprowadzony do obozu. Próba interpretacji twórczości Warłama Szałamowa w kontekście filozofii Georgio Agambena
Authors: Jaworski Mateusz
Published: October 2018

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Chwyty językowe wykorzystywane w celu mentalnego oswojenia wojny – na podstawie fragmentów dzienników wojennych z początków października 1941 roku
Authors: Jędrasik Paulina
Published: October 2018

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Wiedza i władza. Gender i pierestrojka. „Mała Wiera” Marii Chmielik i Wasyla Piczuła
Authors: Kistowska Maria Natalia
Published: October 2018

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Rosja 2008–2011 – polityka ekonomiczna w dobie kryzysu i spowolnienia gospodarczego
Authors: Luzak Paweł
Published: October 2018

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Microbial transglutaminase for biotechnological and biomedical engineering
Authors: Deweid Lukas , Avrutina Olga , Kolmar Harald
Published: October 2018

Research on bacterial transglutaminase dates back to 1989, when the enzyme has been isolated from Streptomyces mobaraensis. Initially discovered during an extensive screening campaign to reduce costs in food manufacturing, it quickly appeared as a robust and versatile tool for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications due to its excellent activity and simple handling. While pioneering attempts to make use of its extraordinary cross-linking ability resulted in heterogeneous polymers, currently it is applied to site-specifically ligate diverse biomolecules yielding precisely modified hybrid constructs comprising two or more components. This review covers the extensive and rapidly growing field of microbial transglutaminase-mediated bioconjugation with the focus on pharmaceutical research. In addition, engineering of the enzyme by directed evolution and rational design is highlighted. Moreover, cumbersome drawbacks of this technique mainly caused by the enzyme’s substrate indiscrimination are discussed as well as the ways to bypass these limitations.
Impact of Activation Energy in Nonlinear Mixed Convective Chemically Reactive Flow of Third Grade Nanomaterial by a Rotating Disk
Authors: Hayat T. , Khan Sohail A. , Khan M. Ijaz , Alsaedi A.
Published: October 2018

Here impact of activation energy in binary chemically reactive flow of third grade fluid is addressed. Flow is discussed by a stretchable rotating disk. Novel characteristics regarding thermophoresis and Brownian movement have been analyzed. Nonlinear thermal radiation is considered. Convergent series solutions to nonlinear problems are computed. Impacts of various physical parameters like Brownian motion parameter, Prandtl number, mixed convection parameter, thermophoresis parameter, radiation parameter, activation energy, chemical reaction and Schmidt number on the velocity, concentration and thermal fields are discussed and analyzed. Velocity, temperature and concentration gradients are computed and discussed through various flow variables. Their obtained results present that velocity, temperature, concentration fields are strongly depends on the flow parameters. Main conclusions are presented.
High Expression of NLRC5 is associated with prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Li Yuemei , Zhang Min , Zheng Xinhua
Published: October 2018

Objective

To explore the relationships of NLRC5 with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Methods

A total of 97 gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy were enrolled. All patients were diagnosed by immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between NLRC5 expression and clinicopatho-logical characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed via univariate and multivariate Cox regressions.

Results

NLRC5 expression was positive in 70 cases (72.2%) and negative in 27 cases (27.8%). No significant differences in age, sex, or tumor size or differentiation were found between the negative and positive groups. NLRC5 expression was related to tumor site, and in the positive group, it was high in the fundus and low in the pylorus (χ2=7.359, P=0.125). NLRC5 expression was significantly related to lymph nodes and tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging (χ2=6.295; χ2=6.268). Multivariate Cox regression indicated positive NLRC5 expression was independently and significantly associated with prognosis of gastric cancer patients (HR=2.92, 95%CI: 1.51-5.63).

Conclusions

NLRC5 is closely related to TNM staging and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer and is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
Is monitoring mean platelet volume necessary in breast cancer patients?
Authors: Taskaynatan Halil , Alacacioglu Ahmet , Kucukzeybek Yuksel , Varol Umut , Yildiz Yasar , Salman Tarik , Oflazoglu Utku , Tarhan Mustafa Oktay
Published: October 2018

Background

Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a parameter that increases during thrombotic and cardiovascular events. Tamoxifen (Tmx) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs), which are adjuvant endocrine therapies, may cause serious side effects, such as vascular thrombosis. The present study investigated the changes in MPV values of breast cancer patients receiving long-term adjuvant hormone therapy and the relationship of MPV with adverse effects of hormonotherapy.

Methods

Data of 261 patients who had pathologically confirmed estrogen or progesterone receptor positive invasive breast cancer and had received hormonotherapy for at least a 5-year period were retrospectively analyzed. MPV levels were measured at baseline and at the first and fifth year of hormone therapy.

Results

All patients were females and their median age was 50 years (range, 27–78 years). The mean MPV value was significantly increased in all patients in the Tmx, AI, and switch groups over time (p<0.001).

Conclusion

This is the first study evaluating the relationship between the 5-year adjuvant endocrine therapy and changes in MPV values in breast cancer patients. Monitoring changes in MPV values may be predictive for severe side effects in breast cancer patients receiving hormone therapy.
Glancing angle deposition meets colloidal lithography: a new evolution in the design of nanostructures
Authors: Ai Bin , Zhao Yiping
Published: October 2018

The combination of colloidal lithography and glancing angle deposition facilitates a new powerful fabrication technique – shadow sphere lithography (SSL), which can greatly expand the variety and complexity of nanostructures fabricated using simple evaporation and colloidal monolayer templates. Their applications have been widely investigated in plasmonics and associated fields. Here, we present an overview of the principle of SSL, followed by different strategies of utilizing SSL to design various nanostructures by changing the nanosphere monolayer masks, deposition configurations, different ways to combine deposition and etching, etc. Typical nanostructures fabricated by SSL, including nanorods on nanospheres, patchy nanospheres, nanotriangles, nanoring, nanocrescents, etc., are introduced. Recent optical applications of these plasmonic nanostructures are also summarized. It is expected that this review will inspire more ingenious designs of plasmonic nanostructures by SSL for advanced and smart applications.
Crystal structure of bis(6,6′-((ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2,4-diiodophenolato)-κ4
N,N′,O,O′)cer(IV), C32H20CeI8N4O4
Authors: Wu Qiong , Tang Yafang , Liu Dian , Zi Qiaoli , Liu Faxi , Xiao Jianchang
Published: October 2018

C32H20CeI8N4O4, tetragonal, P4̄b2 (no. 117), a = 11.1898(8) Å, b = 11.1898(8) Å, c = 16.6870(19) Å, V = 2089.4(4) Å3, Z = 2; R
gt(F) = 0.0566, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0939, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structural of diethyl 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, C19H21Br2NO5
Authors: Zheng Feng , Quan Ji-Shu , Cui Xiang-Dan , Jin Xue-Feng , Yin Xue-Zhe
Published: October 2018

C19H21Br2NO5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.657(5) Å, b = 17.150(5) Å, c = 13.889(4) Å, β = 104.807(15)°, V = 1993.6(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0646, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1732, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitrocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, C8H6N2O6
Authors: Fanfan Shen , Jianlong Wang , Shaomin Xue
Published: October 2018

C8H6N2O6, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 6.4261(7) Å, b = 17.080(2) Å, c = 8.5393(10) Å, V = 937.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0444, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0977, T = 173(2) K.
Chem/bio wearable sensors: current and future direction
Authors: Ozanich Richard
Published: October 2018

Examples of existing and emerging wearable sensors for chemical and biological threat agents are reviewed and essential enabling developments identified. Wearables are described as inward looking sensors (self-monitoring) and outward looking sensors (environmental sensors). The future potential for wearable sensors, expected capabilities, and key challenges are summarized.
Influence of climate and environmental change in Nigeria: a review on vulnerability and adaptation to climate change
Authors: Odey Emmanuel Alepu , Abo Bodjui Olivier , Li Zifu , Zhou Xiaoqin , Giwa Abdulmoseen Segun
Published: October 2018

This paper reviews the current issues that involve environmental changes in Nigeria and environmental threats within the country. The fundamental aim of scientific knowledge in environmental studies is to reconcile climate change and environmental sustainability with developmental goals. Therefore, information on impact adaptation to climate change and vulnerability research is required to develop specific, action-oriented, interdisciplinary, successful, sociopolitical and democratic reform for the entire population of a country. This condition requires large inclusion of environmental researchers, institutions, re-inventing of research structures and ideas to dominate the global environmental change research and the critical analysis of present decision making, power, structure and related information structures. This review presents the effect of climate change in Nigeria and encourages adaptation research with challenging innovation, such as the use of energy-efficient renewable energy sources to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper also highlighted the need for researchers to become detailed, action oriented and multiscalar and to attend communications structure problems in enhancing the environmental activity.
Modelling of Intrinsic Loss Processes in the Intermediate Band Solar Cells
Authors: Arefinia Zahra
Published: October 2018

For the first time, the formalism of intrinsic loss processes such as below-band gap, thermalisation, angle mismatch, Carnot and emission loss in the intermediate band solar cells (SCs) is obtained by a theoretical framework based on the principle of detailed balance approach, and with the physical origins of losses discussed in terms of photon absorption and emission in the presence of intermediate energy band (IB). Then, the effect of IB position on each intrinsic loss in the intermediate band SCs is investigated. The results show that the introduction of IB reduces the below-band gap loss due to absorption of low energy photons by narrower sub-band gap and reduces the thermalisation loss due to absorption of high energy photons by the band gap of host semiconductor. Furthermore, the thermalisation and angle mismatch losses are dominant fractions of intrinsic loss, while the emission loss presents less than 2.2 % of intrinsic loss.
Employment of Mechanical Testing to Evaluate the Effect of Density on Asphalt Pavement Performance
Authors: Zeinali Alireza , Blankenship Phillip B.
Published: October 2018

Considering the budget allotted to construct and maintain roadway surfaces, a 5 to 10 % increase in their performance could potentially yield annual savings of billions of dollars. Considering this, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) launched a project to better understand the effect of in-place density on the durability of their hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. In-place density is known to be a crucial factor in HMA performance. The Asphalt Institute in cooperation with the KYTC embarked upon the research and collected numerous HMA samples from five pavement construction sites in Kentucky. An experimental laboratory plan was developed to examine potential improvement in the mixtures’ performance if they were compacted to a desired higher density. The laboratory test plan consisted of flow number, flexural beam fatigue, and disk-shaped compact tension tests to evaluate the mixtures’ performance with respect to rutting, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature cracking. A statistical analysis of the results was performed to evaluate the effect of density on the durability of each of the pavements. The results showed that the service life of the pavements could improve considerably by achieving a target density of 92 %. The compactibility of the HMA mixtures was also investigated through their compaction characteristic curves by using the Superpave gyratory compactor. Based upon the compactibility analysis, the mixtures could be better compacted in the field by increasing their lift thickness.
Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Coir Fibres
Authors: Bakri B. , Putra A. E. E. , Mochtar A. A. , Renreng I. , Arsyad H.
Published: October 2018

Natural fibres as reinforcement of composite have been applied during the last decade. One of natural fibre has been used as reinforcement is coir fibre. As reinforcement of composite, such fibre needs treatment to improve compatibility with its matrix with suitable treatment. In this paper, surface treatment of such fibre was conducted using sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution with various densities and soaking time differences. Mechanical and morphological properties of coir fibre were investigated. Coir fibres were soaked in the 8 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 12 wt.% sodium bicarbonate solution for 24 hours and 120 hours.  After treatment, coir fibres were characterized with tensile testing, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results suggested that mechanical properties of coir fibre after sodium bicarbonate solution changed for all densities and soaking time. The coir fibre treated in 12 wt.% sodium bicarbonate for soaking time 120 hours has highest tensile strength. The surface morphology of fibre was analyzed by using SEM. It showed micropores on the fibre surface which may influence the mechanical properties of coir fibre.
Quality Enhancement of TIG Welded Al6061 SiCp Composites by Age Hardening Process
Authors: Shankar M. C. G. , P. K Jayashree , Sharma S. S. , Shetty R. , Vinay K.
Published: October 2018

Aluminium and its alloys have exceptional corrosion resistant properties, simplicity of fabrication and extraordinary specific strength-to-weight ratio. The main objective of this study is to explore the effect of age hardening on the mechanical properties of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded joints of the composite. This study highlights the enrichment in mechanical properties like hardness and tensile strength of TIG welded Al6061-SiC composites. A single-pass TIG welding using 5356 filler material is carried out on the composite with varying percentages of SiC having 25 µm. The hardness and tensile strength of the weld zone in as-weld condition is measured. The samples are then subjected to age hardening treatment at different temperatures and the peak hardness values are determined. The tensile strength is noted, and these values are compared with the values of the as-weld condition. The microstructure of the fracture surface in as-weld and peak aged condition is taken and the type of failure mode is found out. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the peak-aged sample is also considered for the analysis. The results indicated that there was significant influence leading to substantial improvement of hardness and tensile strength values of the samples after the age hardening process.
Influence of Solutionising and Aging Treatments on Mechanical Behavior of Stir-Cast Eutectoid Steel Powder Reinforced Al 7075 Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Rajesh Rajesh , Sharma Sathyashankara , Gowrishankar M. C.
Published: October 2018

Al 7075 is a good choice as a matrix material to prepare metal matrix composites (MMCs) owing to its better specific tensile strength and toughness. Among different types of the recently introduced composite materials, particles reinforced MMC and in particular aluminium as matrix material have been found to have enormous industrial applications like automotive and aerospace sectors. In the present study, mechanical properties of Al 7075-eutectoid steel powder metal matrix composites is assessed in age-hardened and as-cast conditions. The heat treatment processes are carried out in atmospheric condition. Eutectoid steel (water hardenable tool steel - W1grade) reinforced aluminium 7075 is an attempt to investigate the role of micro-constituent phases on property alterations of metal matrix composites. As an economical and promising route for MMC, liquid stir casting technique is used to reinforce synthesised steel powder in the matrix of Al 7075. Heat treatment is performed as a tool to mould and improve the required mechanical properties as per the requirements. Eutectoid steel powder is selected as the reinforcement material since it is believed to be composed of lamellar pearlite with ferrite and cementite as alternate layers in as-cast condition, serving as micro-hybrid reinforcement to improve hardness and strength. In this work four different proportions of steel powder (2, wt.% 4 wt.% and 6 wt.%) reinforced composites are prepared by a two-stage stir casting process. Age-hardening treatment is given to the samples and analysed critically and compared with alloy matrix for different properties such as tensile strength, hardness and toughness. Results have shown significant improvement in the ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the composites after aging treatment. The 4 wt.% steel powder reinforced composite has shown better results compared to other composites.
Reliability Assessment for Corroded Pipelines in Series Considering Length-Scale Effects
Authors: Mustaffa Z. , Gelder P. V. , Dawotola A. W. , Yu S. Y. , Kim D. K
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a method for assessing the reliability of a corroded pipeline placed in series, with special consideration given to the effect of the length scale imposed by each segment of the pipe. The features of corrosion in different pipe segments are statistically correlated; thus, a failure in one section may impact the adjacent sections. Herein, using a correlation distance parameter, such statistical correlation is described considering the length-scale effects. The reliability of the corroded pipeline is presented in the form of a failure probability. The results show that analysing a corroded pipeline by considering length-scale effects produces a higher failure probability compared with the case where such effects are excluded, even when the parameters that govern corrosion in a pipeline are included in the analysis.
Investigation of Mesh Size Effect on Dynamic Behaviour of an Assembled Structure with Bolted Joints using Finite Element Method
Authors: Omar R. , Abdul Rani M.N , Yunus M. A. , Mat Isa A. A. , Wan Iskandar Mirza W. I. I. , Mohd Zin M. S. , Roslan L.
Published: October 2018

The predicted results of the finite element (FE) model of an assembled structure with different types of joints are highly dependent on the mesh size of the FE model. The complexity of the FE model has forced engineers to seek the most efficient techniques for the selection of the appropriate mesh size specifically in obtaining accurate predicted results in normal modes analysis. This paper concerns the investigation into the effects of the mesh sizes and selection technique of the appropriate mesh size in the FE modelling and analysis of the assembled structure with bolted joints. The investigation was carried out by predicting the modal parameters of the FE models with the predefined range of mesh sizes. The predicted results of the FE models were compared with the measured counterparts obtained from the experimental modal analysis (EMA). The total error obtained from the comparison between FE and EMA was recorded. Evaluations were made by comparing the number of nodes and elements of the FE models, percentage of total error, computer processing unit (CPU) elapsed time and memory usage. The outcomes of the evaluations showed that there are significant effects of the mesh sizes on the accuracy, computing time and memory usage of the FE modal analysis of the assembled structure with bolted joints. This work also demonstrated an efficient technique for the selection of the appropriate mesh size in achieving a reliable, efficient and economic FE modelling and analysis of the assembled structure with bolted joints.
Multizone Model Study for DI Diesel Engine Running on Diesel-Ethanol-Biodiesel Blends of High Ethanol Fraction
Authors: Hulwan D. B. , Joshi S. V.
Published: October 2018

A multizone combustion model for closed cycle of a DI diesel engine is developed to interpret the experimental investigations on the utilization of diesel-ethanol-biodiesel blends of high ethanol fraction (DEB blends). A computer-based programming for engine process simulation is developed in MATLAB. The model is validated with the experimental values of cylinder pressure and heat release rate. Important information related to fuel injection and combustion inside the combustion chamber, is revealed through the model prediction which is normally difficult to get from the experiments. Model prediction shows that the rate of fuel evaporation is higher for DEB blends, than diesel fuel at any instant of time. The fuel combustion is started late for DEB blends compared to diesel fuel, however, once the combustion is started the burning rate is higher than the diesel fuel. The droplet size (Sauter mean diameter) is decreased for DEB blends which indicate improved fuel atomization. The mean temperature in the zone is significantly lower for DEB blends compared to diesel fuel. The equivalence ratio in the zone is decreased for DEB blends proving that engine runs leaner. The equivalence ratio trend is not uniform as it depends on the combination of the rate of fuel evaporation, rate of air entrainment and rate of burning. Soot density is remarkably decreased, and NOx formation is also drastically reduced for DEB blends at different instant of time. The predictions help to interpret the experimental results for DEB blends and its comparison with diesel fuel.
Comparative Study of Bentonite Filled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber and Carbon Black Filled NBR Composites Properties
Authors: Amin L. Muhamad Nadhli , Ismail Hanafi , Nadras O.
Published: October 2018

This paper determines the potential of bentonite to replace the commonly used carbon black as filler in synthetic rubber composite product. Thus, the study made by comparing the results of curing, tensile thermal and morphological properties of bentonite and carbon black filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites. The result of the tensile strength (TS), modulus at 100 % elongation (M100) and modulus at 300 % elongation (M300) for both bentonite (Bt) and carbon black (CB) filled NBR composites increased as the filler loading increased. The elongation at break (Eb) for Bt followed the same trend but not for NBR/CB composites. At similar filler loading, CB filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites demonstrated higher TS, M100, M300, and Eb compared to the Bt filled NBR composites. As the filler loading increased, the swelling percentage decreased for both types of fillers. However, at similar filler loading, the swelling percentage of CB filled NBR (NBR/CB) is lower than the Bt filled NBR (NBR/Bt). Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the tensile fractured surface of NBR/CB composites exhibits better filler dispersion and more tear lines compared to the NBR/Bt composites.
Parametric Analysis for Minimizing the Edge Waves in the Roll Forming
Authors: Park Yonghui , Lee Changwoo , Kim Jinyul , Kim Dongwook , Ahn Hyunjun , Hwang Woonbong
Published: October 2018

To identify the cause of edge waves and to minimize them, which are frequently occurring on the steel pipe manufacturing site, the shape of the edge part of skelp has been confirmed according to a design variable and operating condition. In particular, parametric studies were carried out on the variation in the thickness of skelp, tskelp, the roll gap between upper and bottom rolls, troll, at the forming stage 1, Forming 1, the roll shape, toffset, of the Forming 1, and the material property of skelp to study the generation of edge waves, because these parameters have been determined by field engineers extemporaneously without any physical estimation. For this purpose, the roll design and operating conditions used in the field were applied to the finite element analysis model, and the distribution of contact force between the rolls and skelp, and the distribution of effective plastic strain on the skelp were investigated. The fact that adjusting to tskelp and troll arbitrarily without changing to the roll shape can cause not only the edge waves but also the center waves, was carried out. Especially, the edge waves were reduced without the irregular contact pressure by changing the surface of the upper roll that is offset by target tskelp in the normal direction of the surface of the bottom roll in the Forming 1, when the target thickness is tskelp. Moreover, there is no significant difference in the vertical load applied to the rolls when high-strength steels are used or when low-strength steels are used, it is necessary to predict the local maximum and minimum of contact pressure between the skelp and rolls and the shape of the upper roll of the Forming 1 should be modified to decrease irregular contact pressure instead of any design modifications.
PROBLEMA NASKH DALAM ALQURAN (KRITIK HASBI ASH-SHIDDIQIEY TERHADAP KAJIAN NASKH)
Authors: Aziz Thoriq
Published: October 2018

Naskh-mansūkh merupakan salah satu ilmu dari beberapa ilmu Alquran yang dapat dijadikan sebagai ‘alat’ untuk memahami pesan-pesan wahyu Alquran. Naskh-mansūkh merupakan salah satu kajian yang sudah lama menjadi bahan perbincangan para ulama terdahulu. Akan tetapi, pembahasan terkait naskh-mansūkh ini masih menyisakan problem oleh sebagian ulama’ lain sehingga terdapat pro-kontra dalam menanggapi naskh-mansūkh itu sendiri. Selain problem pemahaman atas makna naskh, sebenarnya masih ada lagi problem yang oleh sementara ulama masih mempertanyakan akan “keberadaan” naskh-mansūkh dalam Alquran. Sebagian besar (jumhur) ulama’ meyakini adanya naskh dalam Alquran sementara sebagian kecil lainnya masih mempertanyakan keberadaanya. Sarjana Indonesia tampak ada yang ikut meramaikan perdebatan kajian naskh tersebut, sarjana itu ialah Teungku Muhammad Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy. Dalam menanggapi pro-kontra tersebut dengan tegas Hasbi menempatkan posisinya pada kelompok kedua. Lalu pertanyaanya bagaimanakah Hasbi, dalam pemikirannya terkait naskh dapat berkesimpulan seperti itu? Lalu bagaimanakah upaya Hasbi dalam ‘mendamaikan’ ayat-ayat Alquran yang oleh sebagian ulama mengklaim terdapat naskh dalam Alquran? Jenis penelitian ini adalah kepustakaan (literer). Penelitian ini menemukan kritik Hasbi yang menolak keras akan adanya naskh dalam Alquran. Hasbi mengemukakan argumen-argumen untuk menolak ulama yang mengakui adanya naskh, baik argumen yang berasal dari aql (rasio) maupun naql (teks). Tidak sebatas itu, Hasbi mengkompromikan ayat-ayat Alquran yang dinilai oleh sebagian ulama’ mengandung nask-mansūkh dengan metode tafsir dan takhsis. Sehingga Hasbi menegaskan tidak ada ayat yang naskh atau mansūkh di dalam Alquran.
UNA ARCHIVOLOGÍA (IM)POSIBLE. SOBRE LA NOCIÓN DE ARCHIVO EN EL PENSAMIENTO FILOSÓFICO
Authors: Tello Andrés Maximiliano
Published: October 2018

Este texto busca ahondar en algunos de los ejes que articulan la discusión filosófica sobre la noción de archivo. Dicha discusión se ha subsumido en el denominado “archival turn” que recorrería el campo de estudios de las humanidades y las ciencias sociales durante las últimas tres décadas. Sin embargo, en este trabajo mostraremos que la reflexión filosófica previa, llevada a cabo por autores como Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault y Jacques Derrida, entre otros, transforma el sentido convencional de la noción de archivo en el transcurso del siglo XX, hasta el punto de volver paradójico el propio diagnóstico sobre el actual giro del archivo. A partir de aquí, el texto propone ahondar en cuatro dimensiones que atraviesan, de un modo u otro, la discusión filosófica sobre el archivo: 1) el carácter inorgánico latente en todo archivo; 2) el desbordamiento del lugar del archivo, 3) el vínculo del archivo con una economía general de poder, y 4) el problema del acceso al archivo. El análisis de estas cuatro dimensiones, derivadas de su problematización filosófica, nos obliga a sostener el carácter irresoluble de la propia cuestión del archivo y, al mismo tiempo, el ineludible vínculo entre sus aspectos teóricos y políticos.
REFLEXIONES ACERCA DEL CARÁCTER DEL PENSAR EN SERENIDAD, DE MARTIN HEIDEGGER
Authors: Orellana Felipe
Published: October 2018

El pensar cobra gran importancia en la obra tardía de Martin Heidegger, momento en que sus meditaciones se plasman en un gran número de cartas, conferencias y ensayos dirigidos a la posibilidad de reflexionar sobre el ser, apartándose de la tradición filosófica de Occidente agotada en la metafísica. Es en esta época cuando aparece el discurso Serenidad, cuya relevancia radica en la actitud frente a la época técnica, cimentada en el pensar meditativo que se enfrenta al calculador. Será significativo, para estas consideraciones sobre el discurso mencionado, prestar especial atención a los recursos metafóricos y lingüísticos empleados por Heidegger, de modo tal que el concepto de autoctonía toma gran peso. Dicho concepto revela la posibilidad de pensar meditativamente en nuestros días y viene a enriquecer la reflexión acerca del carácter de este pensar en el discurso de Heidegger.