bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violence-Related Outcomes of the D.A.R.E. Plus Project
Authors: Komro Kelli A. , Perry Cheryl L. , Veblen-Mortenson Sara , Stigler Melissa H. , Bosma Linda M. , Munson Karen A. , Farbakhsh Kian
Published: April 2004

The objectives of this study were to examine outcomes of the Minnesota D.A.R.E. Plus Project on violence-related behaviors among middle school students and mediation analyses that test how the intervention was effective in reducing physical and verbal violence. Twenty-four schools were randomly assigned to the D.A.R.E. middle school curriculum, the D.A.R.E. Plus multicomponent intervention, or control. The study cohort completed a self-report questionnaire at baseline and two follow-ups. The results showed that boys had higher rates of violence and victimization than girls. The D.A.R.E. Plus program was more effective in preventing violence among boys than among girls. It appears that the small behavioral effect that D.A.R.E. Plus did demonstrate on physical and verbal violence among boys was entirely mediated by a decrease of norms that support violence, an increase in outcome expectancies about being violence-free, and an increase in parental consequences for fighting.
Coded Harmonics in Breast Ultrasound
Authors: Rapp Cynthia L. , Stavros A. Thomas
Published: April 2004

With the improvement of spatial and contrast resolution in breast sonography, several new interpretive difficulties have arisen. Cysts that appeared to be simple on older equipment may now contain internal echoes with newer high-resolution equipment. Historically, teaching has stressed the presence of internal echoes as indicative of a complex cyst, often requiring further evaluation. However, many of the internal echoes seen with higher frequency, broadband, and greater dynamic range equipment are artifactual. In this study, breast cysts, solid lesions, and normal structures were evaluated comparing fundamental to coded harmonic imaging to determine if coded harmonics can help distinguish artifactual from real internal echoes.
Visualization of Fetal Anomalies With Surface 3-Dimensional Ultrasound
Authors: Andrist Laurinda S. , Katz Vern L. , Elijah Rebecca , Farmer Richard M.
Published: April 2004

Objective. To describe the 3-dimensional (3D) surface-rendered view of known fetal anomalies. The purpose of the study was to qualitatively compare the appearance of known fetal anomalies diagnosed by 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound and the appearance on 3D surface rendering. Methods. Eighteen patients with fetal anomalies identified on 2D imaging underwent subsequent 3D examinations and were available for neonatal follow-up. Three-dimensional surface-rendered images were obtained using conventional ultrasound equipment adapted to surface rendering. Results. Examination time was varied from 30 to 60 minutes. Visualization of known anomalies with 3D imaging was accomplished in all 18 cases. The anomalies identified were neural tube defect (2), cleft lip (3), abdominal wall defect (3), club foot (3), lethal achondrogenesis (2), amniotic band (1), infantile polycystic kidney disease (1), twin-twin transfusion (1), craniosynostosis (1), and multiple fetal anomalies (1). New information was obtained with only 1 patient. One of the fetuses with lethal achondrogenesis had the finding of low-set ears on 3D ultrasound that was not appreciated on routine 2D ultrasound. Conclusion. Three-dimensional surface rendering was possible, within a reasonable time frame. Patient acceptance was high in all cases.
Fetal Hepatic Hemangioma Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Jones E. Diana , Wallin Sherry , Jones Devonna
Published: April 2004

A case of a fetal hepatic hemangioma, complicated by dilated cardiomyopathy, is presented. In cases of large arteriovenous shunting, emergent treatment is often required following delivery due to ensuing renal failure, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, and coagulopathy. A thorough perinatal sonogram performed at a screening facility detected the anomaly, providing the patient and her physician time to arrange for a delivery at a tertiary-care center that could accommodate such a critically ill patient.
Sonographic Measurement of Middle Finger Flexor Tendons
Authors: Reaiche Hala , Williams Marie , McEvoy Maureen
Published: April 2004

Various sonography studies have evaluated the normal flexor tendons of the fingers by reporting the echogenicity of these structures. Due to the descriptive nature of these studies, little information is available concerning the reproducibility of sonographic measures of the finger flexor tendons. The aim of this study was to determine whether sonography measurement of finger flexor tendons can provide reproducible information. The study used a test-retest, same-subject experimental design. Individuals who had no history of injury or surgery to the fingers had the right and left middle fingers of both hands assessed on two different occasions (test 1 and test 2) separated by at least 4 hours. The flexor tendons were assessed for continuity and measured for thickness at three points along the finger: the heads of the metacarpal, proximal phalanx, and middle phalanx. Reliability was assessed using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient ( r), t test (paired two-tail), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1,1). The majority of measures had an excellent linear correlation ( r > 0.75). The t tests indicated that there were no significant differences between the two tests ( P [.lessequal] .05). High ICC1,1 values suggested that there were excellent relationships between the measures on the two occasions of testing. No significant differences were found between measures of the left and right hands. The synovial sheath-pulley systems were evident as an echogenic specular reflection situated anteriorly to the flexor tendons in all individuals. Using this measurement protocol, sonography was found to be a reliable method of measuring and assessing the flexor tendons of the fingers.
Monckeberg's Arteriosclerosis of the Liver and Spleen Demonstrated by Ultrasound
Authors: Parks Adria , Russ Paul D. , Bieker Tracy , Stamm Elizabeth R.
Published: April 2004

There are three types of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries): atherosclerosis, Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis, and arteriolosclerosis. The features of central large-vessel atherosclerosis are familiar and frequently depicted at sonography of the carotid arteries and abdominal aorta. Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis is not often encountered during ultrasound examinations. The authors report a case of Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis demonstrated by sonography. Its pathogenesis and distinctive imaging findings are described.
Trauma-Induced Testicular Rupture
Authors: Having Karen , Holtgrave Ronnette
Published: April 2004

Traumatic testicular injuries are relatively uncommon. History, physical examination, clinical findings, and scrotal sonography with Doppler studies are important in diagnosing these injuries. The case presented is a classic example of testicular rupture with necrosis resulting from testicular trauma. In the presence of necrosis, orchiectomy is indicated. Findings consistent with testicular rupture, necrosis, and orchiectomy are discussed.
Crystallography and the Gene Helix Discovery
Authors: Dubose Terry J. , Ludwig Rebecca
Published: April 2004

This interdisciplinary project was designed to give students of radiography and sonography a basic understanding of x-ray diffraction in crystallography, the dual nature of electromagnetic radiation, and the Human Genome Project. As a secondary result of the project, questions concerning the attribution and polemics of research publication arose, so this discussion is also included. This latter issue, involving Rosalind Franklin’s contributions to the study of human genetics, is particularly interesting to radiographic technologists and diagnostic sonographers because images that they produce continue to be published without any attribution or acknowledgment of their contribution.
Breakthrough pain characteristics and syndromes in patients with cancer pain. An international survey
Authors: Caraceni Augusto , Martini Cinzia , Zecca Ernesto , Portenoy Russell K ,   a Working Group of an IASP Task Force on Cancer Pain
Published: April 2004

Breakthrough pain (BKP) is a transitory flare of pain that occurs on a background of relatively well controlled baseline pain. Previous surveys have found that BKP is highly prevalent among patients with cancer pain and predicts more severe pain, pain-related distress and functional impairment, and relatively poor quality of life. An international group of investigators assembled by a task force of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of BKP as part of a prospective, cross-sectional survey of cancer pain. Fifty-eight clinicians in 24 countries evaluated a total of 1095 patients with cancer pain using patient-rated items from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and observer-rated measures. The observer-rated information included demographic and tumor-related data, the occurrence of BKP, and responses on checklists of pain syndromes and pathophysiologies. The clinicians reported BKP in 64.8% of patients. Physicians from English-speaking countries were significantly more likely to report BKP than other physicians. BKP was associated with higher pain scores and functional interference on the BPI. Multivariate analysis showed an independent association of BKP with the presence of more than one pain, a vertebral pain syndrome, pain due to plexopathy, and English-speaking country. These data confirm the high prevalence of BKP, its association with more severe pain and functional impairment, and its relationship to specific cancer pain syndromes. Further studies are needed to characterize subtypes of BKP. The uneven distribution of BKP reporting across pain specialists from different countries suggests that more standardized methods for diagnosing BKP are needed.
Lipid biomarkers of manuring practice in relict anthropogenic soils
Authors: Simpson Ian A. , van Bergen Pim F. , Perret Vincent , Elhmmali Mohamed M. , Roberts David J. , Evershed Richard P.
Published: April 2004

This investigation tests the extent to which free soil lipids reflect known manuring practices associated with a relict twelfth-to nineteenth-century anthropogenic deep top soil in West Mainland Orkney. The results demonstrate that total lipid extracts reflect the expected spatial variability in manuring intensity across the deep top soil area, declining with distance from the farmstead. Specific organic manure inputs are also identified; the presence of campesterol, sitosterol and 5β-stigmastanol confirm expected composted turf and ruminant animal manure application to the deep top soil area. A departure from the expected results is the presence of coprostanol, reflecting omnivorous animal manure deposition and confirmed as pig manure through the identification of hyodeoxycholic acid. These analyses establish that lipid biomarkers of past land-management activity are retained in medieval to early modern relict landscapes, and that they allow more precise identification of manure sources and patterns of deposition than conventional pedological techniques. Further, they suggest that historic documentation forms only a partial record of manuring practices
Late Pleistocene-Holocene marine conditions in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: evidence from the diatom record
Authors: Cunningham Wendy L. , Leventer Amy , Andrews John T. , Jennings Anne E. , Licht Kathy J.
Published: April 2004

Statistical analyses of diatom assemblages from radiocarbon-dated sediment cores were used to reconstruct changing palaeoceanographic conditions in the western and west-central Ross Sea, Antarctica, from. c.12 14C kyr BP to the present. Data from three Kasten cores support a north-to-south time-transgressive glacial/interglacial transition. Assemblages at the base of each core suggest that glacial processes affecting frustule preservation were significant during the late Pleistocene. Increasing biogenic silic and decreasing per centages of reworked species suggest that upper water-column productivity, instead of preservational processes, increasingly dominates diatom assemblages during grounding-line recession (c.12to c.6 14C kyr BP). A warm ing during the middle to late Holocene (c.6to c.3 14C kyr BP) may have resulted in: (a) spring sea ice melting prior to the annual inception of the Ross Sea polynya in the west-central Ross Sea, and (b) increased plateletice delivery due to increased melting beneath the ice sheet in coastal areas. An increasingly cooler late Holocene (c.3 14C kyr BP to the present) may have resulted in: (a) decreased sea-ice melting prior to physical disinte gration of the annual sea-ice cover by spring inception of Ross-Sea-polynya winds in the west-central Ross Sea, and (b) decreased platelet-ice delivery in coastal areas.
Ten-Year Outcomes in a Population-Based Cohort of Node-Negative, Lymphatic, and Vascular Invasion–Negative Early Breast Cancers Without Adjuvant Systemic Therapies
Authors: Chia Stephen K. , Speers Caroline H. , Bryce Cicely J. , Hayes Malcolm M. , Olivotto Ivo A.
Published: April 2004

Purpose

To discuss the absolute benefits from adjuvant systemic therapy knowledge of long-term outcomes and baseline risks of relapse and disease-specific survival are required. We assessed the 10-year outcomes in a population-based cohort of node-negative (N−) lymphovascular negative (LV−) early breast cancers diagnosed from 1989 to 1991 who did not receive adjuvant systemic therapy.

Methods

One thousand one hundred eighty-seven cases of pT1–2N0 LV− breast cancers with a median follow-up of 10.4 years were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for relapse free survival (RFS), breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) were compared with log-rank tests with cohorts stratified for tumor size and grade.

Results

The median age of this series was 62 years. Four hundred thirty tumors were ≤ 1 cm in diameter (cohort 1), 507 were 1.1–2 cm (cohort 2), and 250 were 2.1 to 5 cm in diameter (cohort 3). The 10-year outcomes for cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were significantly different: RFS, 82%, 75%, and 66%; BCSS, 92%, 90%, and 77%; and OS, 79%, 78%, and 66%. Tumor grade significantly altered outcome within size cohorts, particularly in pT1N0 breast cancers.

Conclusion

This study provides detailed information on the continued relapse and breast cancer death rate to 10 years of follow-up. Specifically, without adjuvant systemic therapy, patients with LV−, N − breast cancer had a ≥ 25% 10-year risk of relapse and a corresponding 10-year breast cancer death rate of ≥ 10% if they had either a grade 3 tumor ≤ 1 cm, a grade 2 to 3 tumor from 1.1 to 2 cm, or any grade tumor greater than 2 cm.
Rebuilding civil society in Northern Ireland: the community and voluntary sector’s contribution to the European Union’s Peace and Reconciliation District Partnership Programme
Authors: Williamson Arthur , Scott Duncan , Halfpenny Peter
Published: April 2004

English

Since 1995, 26 District Partnerships have been established in Northern Ireland - one in each local government area. They are overseen by a Northern Ireland Partnership Board, drawing representation from across the ethnic and political spectrum. Funding of over £80 million (up to the end of September 1999) has been given by the European Commission through its Peace and Reconciliation Special Support Programme. Representatives of voluntary organisations and community groups form one of the largest constituencies within each District Partnership, alongside local government, the business sector and trade unions. This article outlines the work of the partnerships and describes the contribution of voluntary organisations and community groups. Despite the inherent ambiguities of the central terms of ‘peace and reconciliation’ and uneven data, there is evidence that the voluntary and community sector has played a significant role in the rebuilding of civil society in Northern Ireland.
Violence as a public health issue
Authors: Keithley Jane , Robinson Fred
Published: April 2004

English

In recent years, there have been calls in the US and in Britain for a public health approach to violence and violent crime. This article considers the implications of such an approach for the definition and understanding of the ‘problem’ of violence and appropriate ways of tackling it. The discussion challenges the assumptions implicit in some of the literature that this is an intrinsically progressive and unproblematic perspective. This proposed expansion of the domain of contemporary public health poses dilemmas for implementation, as well as issues concerning the nature and process of governance in contemporary societies such as Britain.
Greater Manchester - ‘up and going’?
Authors: Hebbert Michael , Deas Iain
Published: April 2004

English

In 1997-98 the artless slogan ‘Great Britain, Greater Manchester … we’re up and going’ made its appearance on buses and billboards. Propaganda for metropolitan consciousness in NorthWest England echoed a widely observed contemporary trend towards a strengthening of big-city identity and institutions. The strongest example within the United Kingdom, if not Europe as a whole, was the reinstatement of directly elected London-wide government in the spring of 2000. The prospects for metropolitan governance for England’s six other agglomerations are less clear. This article originated in a comparative research project on the spatial politics of European metropolitan areas. It offers a perspective on Greater Manchester, tracking institutional developments at city and regional scale since the abolition of its upper-tier council in 1986, and assessing the prospects of metropolitan renaissance.
Odd–Even Chain Length‐Dependent Order in pH‐Switchable Self‐Assembled Layers
Authors: Auer Frank , Nelles Gabriele , Sellergren Börje
Published: April 2004

The reversible self‐assembly of a series of bipolar amphiphiles, α,ω‐bis(3‐ or 4‐amidinophenoxy)alkanes (chain length n = 5–12), on mercaptoalkanoic acid‐functionalized gold surfaces (chain length n = 10, 11, 14, 15) has been studied by in‐situ ellipsometry, IR reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The layer order, amphiphile orientation, and tendency to form bilayers depends on the position of the amidine substituent, the alkyl chain length of both the amidine amphiphile and the underlying acid self‐assembled monolayer (SAM), and whether the amidine alkyl chain contained an even or odd number of methylene groups. Thus, para‐substituted bisbenzamidines containing more than six methylene groups (n>6) and with an odd number (n = 7, 9, 11) tended to form bilayered structures, whereas those containing an even number formed monolayers when adsorbed on SAMs of the long‐chain acids (n = 14, 15). This behavior also correlated with the average tilt angle of the benzene moieties of the amphiphiles, as estimated by IRAS. The odd‐numbered chains gave lower tilt angles than the even‐numbered ones, and a possible model that accounts for these results is proposed. IRAS also revealed a higher order of the odd‐numbered chains and an increasing hydrogen‐bonding contribution with increasing chain length. Additional evidence for the proposed bilayered assemblies and their reversibility was obtained by AFM. Images obtained from the assembly of decamidine on a SAM of mercaptohexadecanoic acid in a pH 9 borate buffer revealed domains of similar size to that of the underlying acid SAM (20–30 nm), but less densely packed. By acidifying the solution, the second layer was destabilized and a very smooth layer with few defects appeared. Further acidification to pH 3 also destabilized the first layer.
Characterization of Persistent Intramolecular C‐H⋅⋅⋅X(N,O) Bonds in Solid State and Solution
Authors: Cappelli Andrea , Giorgi Gianluca , Anzini Maurizio , Vomero Salvatore , Ristori Sandra , Rossi Claudio , Donati Alessandro
Published: April 2004

The formation of intramolecular CH⋅⋅⋅X(N,O) bonds and their persistence in solution were studied by X‐ray crystallography and NMR techniques in two different rotamers of a molecule containing the ortho‐carborane cage, an amide group and a quinoline ring. Experimental data were confirmed by theoretical ab initio calculations. From the resolved structure of the two forms of this potentially active drug for boron neutron capture therapy, accurate bonding and geometric parameters were extracted for this non‐classic hydrogen interaction, and their strength was calculated. These findings provided new insight in the theory of CH⋅⋅⋅X bonds, which appear stronger and less rare than it was previously thought.
Supramolecular Complexation of Alkali Cations through Mechanochemical Reactions between Crystalline Solids
Authors: Braga Dario , Maini Lucia , Giaffreda Stefano L. , Grepioni Fabrizia , Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto
Published: April 2004

The organometallic zwitterion [CoIII(η5‐C5H4COOH)(η5‐C5H4COO)] reacts quantitatively as a solid polycrystalline phase with a number of crystalline alkali salts MX (M = K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+; X = Cl−, Br−, I−, PF6−, although not in all cation/anion permutations) to afford supramolecular complexes of the formula [CoIII(η5‐C5H4COOH)(η5‐C5H4COO)]2⋅M+X−. In some cases, the mechanochemical complexation requires kneading of the two solids with a catalytic amount of water. The characterization of the solid‐state products has been achieved by a combination of X‐ray single‐crystal and powder‐diffraction experiments. The hydrogen‐bonding interactions have been investigated by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The mechanochemical reactions imply a profound solid‐state rearrangement accompanied by breaking and forming of OH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the organometallic molecules. All compounds could also be obtained by solution crystallization of the inorganic salts in the presence of the organometallic unit. The solid‐state complexation of alkali cations by the organometallic zwitterion has been described as a special kind of solvation process taking place in the solid state.
[Ind2TiMe2]: A General Catalyst for the Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes
Authors: Heutling Andreas , Pohlki Frauke , Doye Sven
Published: April 2004

[Ind2TiMe2] (Ind=indenyl) is a highly active and general catalyst for the intermolecular hydroamination of alkynes. It catalyzes the reaction of primary aryl‐, tert‐alkyl‐, sec‐alkyl‐, and n‐alkylamines with internal and terminal alkynes. In the case of unsymmetrically substituted 1‐phenyl‐2‐alkylalkynes, the reactions occur with modest to excellent regioselectivities, whereby formation of the anti‐Markovnikov regioisomers is favored. While the major product of hydroamination reactions of terminal arylalkynes is always the anti‐Markovnikov isomer, alkylalkynes react with arylamines to preferably give the Markovnikov products. To achieve reasonable rates for the addition of sterically less hindered n‐alkyl‐ and benzylamines to alkynes, these amines must be added slowly to the reaction mixtures. This behavior is explained by the fact that the catalytic cycle proposed on the basis of an initial kinetic investigation includes the possibility that the rate of the reaction increases with decreasing concentration of the employed amine. Furthermore, no dimerization of the catalytically active imido complex is observed in the hydroamination of 1‐phenylpropyne with 4‐methylaniline in the presence of [Ind2TiMe2] as catalyst. In general, a combination of [Ind2TiMe2]‐catalyzed hydroamination of alkynes with subsequent reduction leads to the formation of secondary amines with good to excellent yields. Particularly impressive is that [Ind2TiMe2] makes it possible for the first time to perform the reactions of n‐alkyl‐ and benzylamines with 1‐phenylpropyne in a highly regioselective fashion.
Active Anionic Zero‐Valent Palladium Catalysts: Characterization by Density Functional Calculations
Authors: Kozuch Sebastian , Shaik Sason , Jutand Anny , Amatore Christian
Published: April 2004

This works uses DFT (B3LYP/LACVP*+//B3LYP/LACVP* level) to ascertain the existence of the tricoordinate, anionic zero‐valent palladium complexes that were postulated as the active species in the catalytic cycles of Pd‐catalyzed Heck and cross‐coupling reactions. The variety of complexes studied (1 and 2), include [Pd(PR3)2X]− species, in which R=H, Me, vinyl, and phenyl, and X=Cl, Br, I, AcO, and TFA, as well as bidentate complexes, [Pd{Ph2P(CH2)nPh2P}X]−, in which X=Cl, AcO and n=3–6. The study shows that these complexes exist as distinct minima in the gas phase as well as in THF. In addition, it provides geometric features and PdX− dissociation energies for all these complexes as well as some NMR and IR data, which show a clear distinction in these features between the tri‐ and dicoordinate Pd0 species. An orbital interaction model and perturbation theory arguments account for the bonding mechanism and rationalize all the trends in the stability of the PdX bond. These trends include the effects of variation of X, R, and the length of the linker in the bidentate ligands.
Rational Synthesis of Multicyclic Bis[2]catenanes
Authors: Bogdan Anca , Vysotsky Myroslav O. , Ikai Tomoyuki , Okamoto Yoshio , Böhmer Volker
Published: April 2004

Bis‐loop tetraurea calix[4]arene 6 has been prepared by acylation of the wide‐rim calix[4]arene tetraamine 1 with the activated bis(urethane) 8 under dilution conditions. Similarly the bis(Boc‐protected) tetraamine 2 is converted into the mono‐loop derivative 3 which after deprotection and acylation gives the bisalkenyl derivative 5. In apolar solvents this tetraurea calix[4]arene 5 forms regioselectively a single hydrogen‐bonded homodimer, from which the bis[2]catenane 10 a is formed in 49 % by a metathesis reaction followed by hydrogenation. Bis‐loop derivative 6 forms no homodimers for steric reasons, but a stoichiometric mixture with the open‐chain tetraalkenyl derivative 7 a contains exclusively the heterodimer. Metathesis and subsequent hydrogenation now yields 65 % of the pure bis[2]catenane 10 a which could not be isolated from the complex reaction mixture obtained from the homodimer 7 a⋅7 a. The chirality of 10 a (D2 symmetry) has been verified by optical resolution using HPLC on a chiral stationary phase.
Preparation and Crystal Structure of Na2SrSi2O6 — A Cyclosilicate with Perovskite‐Type Features.
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure of the SmCo9Si4 Compound.
Authors: Zeng Lingmin , Sun Zhihui , He Wei , Zhuang Yinghong
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electronic Transport and Magnetic Properties of a New Nickel Antimonide Telluride, Ni2SbTe2.
Authors: Reynolds Thomas K. , Kelley Richard F. , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure—Property Relations and Diffusion Pathways of the Silver Ion Conductor Ag5Te2Cl.
Authors: Nilges Tom , Nilges Sara , Pfitzner Arno , Doert Thomas , Boettcher Peter
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Comparative Study of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4‐δ and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes Having Two Crystallographic Structures: Fd$\bar 3$m and P4332.
Authors: Kim J.‐H. , Myung S.‐T. , Yoon C. S. , Kang S. G. , Sun Y.‐K.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Three‐Dimensional Frameworks of Gallium Selenide Supertetrahedral Clusters.
Authors: Bu Xianhui , Zheng Nanfeng , Wang Xiqing , Wang Bing , Feng Pingyun
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Old Clusters with New Tricks: Engineering S×××S Interactions and Novel Physical Properties in Sulfite‐Based Dawson Clusters.
Authors: Long De‐Liang , Koegerler Paul , Cronin Leroy
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Open‐Framework Zinc Phosphite, Zn3(HPO3)4×Ni(en)2 (H2O)2, Templated by a Transition‐Metal Complex.
Authors: Lin Zhi‐En , Zhang Jie , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Sinusoidal Layer Structure Constructed from Polyoxometalates and Coordination Complex Fragments.
Authors: Cui Xiao‐Bing , Xu Ji‐Qing , Li Yong , Sun Ying‐Hua , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ag4I4 Nanoclusters in the Sodalite Cavities of Fully K+‐Exchanged Zeolite A.
Authors: Heo Nam Ho , Kim Han Soo , Lim Woo Taik , Seff Karl
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient and General Method for Resolving Cyclopropene Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Liao Lian‐an , Zhang Fan , Yan Ni , Golen James A. , Fox Joseph M.
Published: April 2004

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Efficient Heterogeneous Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Using Highly Recyclable and Accessible Silica‐Immobilized Ru‐TsDPEN Catalysts.
Authors: Liu Pei Nian , Gu Pei Ming , Wang Fei , Tu Yong Qiang
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Induction in Ruthenium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloadditions Between Bicyclic Alkenes and a Chiral Acetylenic Acyl Sultam.
Authors: Villeneuve Karine , Tam William
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phenylbiguanide as Electron Donor in Heterocyclic Synthesis.
Authors: El‐Shaieb Kamal M. , Mourad Aboul‐Fetouh E. , Hassan Alaa A.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Samarium(II)‐Induced Ring‐Expansion Reaction of 1,2‐Cyclobutanedicarboxylates to Produce Cyclopentanones.
Authors: Shinohara Ikuo , Nagaoka Hiroto
Published: April 2004

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p‐Bromo(diacetoxyiodo)benzene, an Efficient Oxidant for Conversion of Oximes into Nitroso Compounds.
Authors: Zhutov E. V. , Skornyakov Yu. V. , Proskurina M. V. , Zefirov N. S.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Synthesis of Biologically Active Heterocycles by Indium‐Induced Reactions of Aromatic Nitro Compounds in Aqueous Ethanol.
Authors: Banik Bimal K. , Banik Indrani , Samajdar Susanta , Wilson Mary
Published: April 2004

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Activation of Silylphosphines by Diethyl Azodicarboxylate: Novel Silylation of Alcohols.
Authors: Hayashi Minoru , Matsuura Yutaka , Watanabe Yutaka
Published: April 2004

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The Fluorine‐Containing π‐Allylmetal Complex. The Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Reaction of Fluorinated Allyl Mesylates with Various Carbon Nucleophiles.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Takehana Tsuyoshi , Ishihara Takashi , Yamanaka Hiroki
Published: April 2004

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Haloamidation of Alkynes and Related Reactions Using Zirconacycles and Isocyanates.
Authors: Li Yanzhong , Matsumura Hiroshi , Yamanaka Masamichi , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: April 2004

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Dehydrogenation and Isomerization of Butane over Cr Catalysts Supported on H‐SSZ‐35 Type Zeolites.
Authors: Inaba Megumu , Murata Kazuhisa , Saito Masahiro , Takahara Isao , Mimura Naoki , Hamada Hideaki , Kurata Yohei
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of C2‐Symmetric 1,4‐Diketones from Tartaric Acid Dichloride.
Authors: Babudri Francesco , Fiandanese Vito , Marchese Giuseppe , Punzi Angela
Published: April 2004

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Cyclopropyl Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis. Part 96. Novel Liquid Crystalline Compounds Containing Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Core Units.
Authors: Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Langer Rainer , Yufit Dmitrii S. , Howard Judith A. K. , Schill Heiko , Demus Dietrich , Miyazawa Kazutoshi , de Meijere Armin
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diels—Alder Cycloadditions of 3‐Phenylamino‐5‐bromo‐2‐pyrone for the Synthesis of Constrained α‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Kim Won‐Suk , Lee Jin‐Hee , Kang Jongmin , Cho Cheon‐Gyu
Published: April 2004

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A Practical, Solvent‐Free, One‐Pot Synthesis of C2‐Symmetrical Secondary Amines.
Authors: Alexakis Alexandre , Gille Segolene , Prian Fabrice , Rosset Stephane , Ditrich Klaus
Published: April 2004

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A Rapid Solid‐State Synthesis of Diazenecarboxamide‐Azo Compounds Using Ferric Nitrate and Sodium Bisulfate as an Oxidation System.
Authors: Xue Wan‐Xin , Li Jian‐Ping , Zhang Xin‐Ying , Wang Yu‐Lu
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of Temperature on the Enantioselectivity in the Oxazaborolidine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones. Noncatalytic Borane Reduction, a Nonneglectable Factor in the Reduction System.
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Wei Tiezheng , Zhang Qihan
Published: April 2004

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Coupling Reactions of Aryl Bromides with 1‐Alkynols Catalyzed by a Tetraphosphine/Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Feuerstein Marie , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: April 2004

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O‐Trimethylsilylenol Ethers as Versatile Building Blocks in a Modular Preparation of Polyenic Backbone.
Authors: Domagalska Beata W. , Syper Ludwik , Wilk Kazimiera A.
Published: April 2004

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A Convenient Method for Preparing Aromatic α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones from α,β‐Unsaturated Acyl Chlorides and Arylboronic Acids via Suzuki—Miyaura Type Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Urawa Yoshio , Nishiura Katsutoshi , Souda Shigeru , Ogura Katsuyuki
Published: April 2004

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Unexpected Migration and Oxidative Cyclization of Substituted 2‐Acetophenone Triflates under Basic Conditions: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Coe Jotham W. , Bianco Krista E. , Boscoe Brian P. , Brooks Paige R. , Cox Eric D. , Vetelino Michael G.
Published: April 2004

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A Superior Non‐Symmetrical NCP Pincer Type Palladacycle Catalyst Precursor for the Coupling of Aryl Boronic Acids with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Rosa Gilber R. , Ebeling Gunter , Dupont Jairton , Monteiro Adriano L.
Published: April 2004

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Mg‐Promoted Regioselective Cross‐Coupling of Stilbene Derivatives with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Kawano Seiji , Maekawa Hirofumi , Nishiguchi Ikuzo
Published: April 2004

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Tandem or Sequential Coupling‐IMDA Cycloaddition Approach to Highly Fused Polycarbocycles.
Authors: Pang Soo‐Jin , Min Soo‐Hyun , Lee Haiwon , Cho Cheon‐Gyu
Published: April 2004

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Epoxidation of Terminal Olefins by Oxygen Catalyzed by a Mixture of Manganese and Cobalt Salts of p‐Aminobenzoic Acid Supported on Silica Gel.
Authors: Hashemi Mohammed M. , Khoshabro Daruoosh Keshavarz
Published: April 2004

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Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Norbornene under Water—Gas‐Shift Reaction Conditions. Selective Formation of Co‐Dimeres with Lactone Terminus.
Authors: Zhou Da‐Yang , Zhang Shi‐Wei , Onitsuka Kiyotaka , Takahashi Shigetoshi
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of 1‐(Alkoxycarbonyl)methylene‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofurans and 4‐(Alkoxycarbonyl)benzo[c]pyrans by Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of 2‐Alkynylbenzyl Alcohols, 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes and 2‐Alkynylphenyl Ketones.
Authors: Bacchi Alessia , Costa Mirco , Della Ca Nicola , Fabbricatore Marcella , Fazio Alessia , Gabriele Bartolo , Nasi Cristina , Salerno Giuseppe
Published: April 2004

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Diastereotopic Group Selective Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Sulfenic Acids to 1,4‐Dienes.
Authors: Grainger Richard S. , Tisselli Patrizia , Steed Jonathan W.
Published: April 2004

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Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Some New Pyrrol‐2,3‐diones Formation.
Authors: Yildirim Ismail , Kandemirli Fatma
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Aryl 1‐(tert‐Butyl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2,5‐dioxo‐3‐pyrrolidinecarboxylates.
Authors: Yavari I. , Habibi A.
Published: April 2004

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An Expedient Synthesis of Diversified Pyrrolizines and Indolizines.
Authors: Bashiardes George , Safir Imad , Barbot Francis , Laduranty Joelle
Published: April 2004

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Two‐Step Synthesis of β‐Alkyl Chalcones and Their Use in the Synthesis of 3,5‐Diaryl‐5‐alkyl‐4,5‐dihydropyrazoles.
Authors: Cox Christopher D. , Breslin Michael J. , Mariano Brenda J.
Published: April 2004

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Selective Synthesis of Novel Biimidazole Derivatives, Bis‐biimidazole and Tri‐biimidazole.
Authors: Xiao Rong , Yu Hua , Gao Ge , Xie Ru‐Gang
Published: April 2004

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One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetra‐Substituted Imidazoles on Silica Gel under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Xu Yu , Liu Yan‐Zhi , Rui Lei , Liu Lei , Guo Qing‐Xiang
Published: April 2004

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Trapping of a Phosphazide Intermediate in the Staudinger Reaction of Tertiary Phosphines with Azides and Its Application to the Synthesis of Analogues of the Marine Alkaloid Midpacamide.
Authors: Fresneda Pilar M. , Castaneda Marta , Sanz Miguel A. , Molina Pedro
Published: April 2004

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Stereoselective Construction of Acyclic Carbon Chains by a One‐Pot Coupling Process Based on Alkenyloxazoline‐Titanium Complexes.
Authors: Mitsui Kazuhisa , Sato Takayuki , Urabe Hirokazu , Sato Fumie
Published: April 2004

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Improved Synthesis of Aza‐bis(oxazoline) Ligands.
Authors: Werner Heiko , Vicha Robert , Gissibl Anja , Reiser Oliver
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole Derivatives Containing Fragments of Sterically‐Hindered Phenol.
Authors: Kelarev V. I. , Gres'ko S. V. , Abu‐Ammar V. M. , Kobrakov K. I.
Published: April 2004

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An Expedient Entry to Chroman Derivatives via Indium‐Mediated Intramolecular Allenylation Reactions.
Authors: Kang Han‐Young , Kim Yong‐Tae , Yu Yeon‐Kwon , Cha Joo Hwan , Cho Yong Seo , Koh Hun Yeong
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of (Z)‐Ethoxyethyl 2‐Cyano‐3‐(2‐methylthio‐5‐pyridylmethylamino)acrylates.
Authors: Wang Qing Min , Sun Hui Kai , Huang Run Qiu
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of 3,3′‐Disubstituted‐2,2′‐bipyridines from 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐5,6‐quinone.
Authors: Conn Costa , Shimmon Ronald
Published: April 2004

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One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐(1H‐Imidazo[4,5‐f]quinolin‐2‐yl)‐chromen‐2‐one under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Rajitha B. , Rao M. Kanakalingeswara , Reddy P. Narsimha
Published: April 2004

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Bismuth Triflate Catalyzed Condensation of δ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes with Aryl Amines.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Parimala G. , Raju A. Krishnam
Published: April 2004

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Formal [6 + 3] Cycloaddition of Fulvenes with 2H‐Azirine: A Facile Approach to the [2]Pyrindines System.
Authors: Hong Bor‐Cherng , Gupta Arun Kumar , Wu Ming‐Fun , Liao Ju‐Hsiou
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐a]phthalazines.
Authors: Shubin Kirill M. , Kuznetsov Viktor A. , Galishev Vladimir A.
Published: April 2004

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Sonochemical Synthesis of Biginelli Compounds.
Authors: Zhidovinova M. S. , Fedorova O. V. , Rusinov G. L. , Ovchinnikova I. G.
Published: April 2004

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Antimicrobial Activity of Amino Acid, Imidazole, and Sulfonamide Derivatives of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine.
Authors: Ghorab M. M. , Ismail Zeinab H. , Abdel‐Gawad Soad M. , Aziem Anhar Abdel
Published: April 2004

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A Facile Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones with the Aid of a Low‐Valent Titanium Reagent.
Authors: Shi Daqing , Wang Juxian , Rong Liangce , Zhuang Qiya , Tu Shujiang , Hu Hongwen
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 3,4‐Dihydroquinazoline Derivatives via Regioselective Addition of a Carbon Nucleophile to a Carbodiimide.
Authors: Lee Bum Hoon , Lee Jae Yeol , Chung Bong Young , Lee Yong Sup
Published: April 2004

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An Efficient Synthesis of Bicyclic Amidines by Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Kumagai Naoya , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: April 2004

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Synthetic Studies on Isoquinoline Derivatives with Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Modulating Activity.
Authors: Ma Chen , Cho Su‐Dong , Falck J. R. , Shin Dong‐Soo
Published: April 2004

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A Convenient Synthesis of Dihydro‐ and Tetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazine Derivatives from β‐Aryl‐β‐amino Acids.
Authors: Leflemme Nicolas , Dallemagne Patrick , Rault Sylvain
Published: April 2004

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Simple and Efficient Synthetic Routes to s‐Triazinyl Dithiocarbamate Derivatives: 2,4‐Diarylamino‐6‐[N‐(4′‐ethoxyphenyl)dithiocarbamoyl]‐s‐triazines and 2,4‐Bis‐[N‐(4′‐ethoxyphenyl)dithiocarbamoyl]‐6‐arylamino‐s‐triazines.
Authors: Desai R. M. , Ravat N. R. , Shah V. H.
Published: April 2004

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A Simple One‐Pot Reaction to the Bis‐dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines: Useful Precursors of Novel Macrocycles.
Authors: Cheng Ying , Wang Bo , Meth‐Cohn Otto
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Optically Active Tetrahydro‐3‐benzazepine‐2‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives via the Ring Expansion Reaction of Isoquinolines and Enzymatic Resolution.
Authors: Koseki Yuji , Ozawa Hidefumi , Kitahara Katsuaki , Kato Ichiro , Sato Hiroto , Fukaya Haruhiko , Nagasaka Tatsuo
Published: April 2004

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Bifurcated, Modular Syntheses of Chiral Annulet Triazacyclononanes.
Authors: Argouarch Gilles , Stones Graham , Gibson Colin L. , Kennedy Alan R. , Sherrington David C.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Optically Pure Arylsilylcarbinols and Their Use as Chiral Auxiliaries in Oxacarbenium Ion Reactions.
Authors: Huckins John R. , Rychnovsky Scott D.
Published: April 2004

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Double Silylation of Acetylenes with Bis‐ and Tris(dichlorosilyl)methanes: One‐Step Synthesis of 1,1,3,3‐Tetrachloro‐1,3‐disilacyclopent‐4‐ene Compounds.
Authors: Phan Son Thanh , Lim Weon Cheol , Han Joon Soo , Yoo Bok Ryul , Jung Il Nam
Published: April 2004

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Phosphono‐Substituted Isoindolines and Indoles from 2,3‐ and 2,4‐Benzoxazin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Abdou Wafaa M. , Kamel Azza A. , Khidre Maha D.
Published: April 2004

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First Isolation of 1,3,2‐Dithiaphosphetane 2‐Sulfide.
Authors: Oshida Hideaki , Ishii Akihiko , Nakayama Juzo
Published: April 2004

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A Convenient and Direct Route to Phosphinoalkynes via Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Chlorophosphanes.
Authors: Afanasiev Vladimir V. , Beletskaya Irina P. , Kazankova Marina A. , Efimova Irina V. , Antipin Mikhail U.
Published: April 2004

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N‐Phosphoryl Oxazolidinones as Effective Phosphorylating Agents.
Authors: Jones Simon , Smanmoo Chaiwat
Published: April 2004

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Studies on Tellurium‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 21. Reaction of 2‐Benzotelluropyrylium Salts with Organocopper Reagents: Introduction of a Carbon Functional Group at the C‐1 Position of the Telluropyrylium Cation Ring.
Authors: Sashida Haruki , Satoh Hirohito , Ohyanagi Kazuo
Published: April 2004

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Intramolecular Coupling of Acetylenic Groups of Bis(alkynyl)phosphanes and Silanes Mediated by Benzynezirconocene: A Route to New Mono‐ and Tricyclic Heterocycles.
Authors: Pirio Nadine , Bredeau Stephane , Dupuis Laurence , Schuetz Peter , Donnadieu Bruno , Igau Alain , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Guillemin Jean‐Claude , Meunier Philippe
Published: April 2004

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Iridoid Glucosides from Chinese Herb Lonicera chrysatha and Their Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Wang Yuli , Wei Qingyi , Yang Li , Liu Zhong‐Li
Published: April 2004

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Unusual Chlorinated Pregnanes from the Eastern Pacific Octocoral Carijoa multiflora
Authors: Dorta Enrique , Diaz‐Marrero Ana R. , Cueto Mercedes , D'Croz Luis , Mate Juan L. , San‐Martin Aurelio , Darias Jose
Published: April 2004

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Highly Enantioselective Alkylation of Glycine Methyl and Ethyl Ester Derivatives under Phase‐Transfer Conditions: Its Synthetic Advantage.
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Uematsu Yukitaka , Maruoka Keiji
Published: April 2004

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Reactivity of 2‐Deoxy‐2‐iodoglycosyl Isothiocyanates with O‐, S‐, and N‐Nucleophiles. Synthesis of Glycopyranoso‐Fused Thiazoles.
Authors: Isac‐Garcia Joaquin , Hernandez‐Mateo Fernando , Calvo‐Flores Francisco G. , Santoyo‐Gonzalez Francisco
Published: April 2004

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Daphniglaucin C, a Novel Tetracyclic Alkaloid from Daphniphyllum glaucescens.
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Takatsu Hiroshi , Shen Ya‐Ching , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: April 2004

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An Efficient Two‐Step Total Synthesis of the Quaterpyridine Nemertelline.
Authors: Bouillon Alexandre , Voisin Anne Sophie , Robic Audrey , Lancelot Jean‐Charles , Collot Valerie , Rault Sylvain
Published: April 2004

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A New Route to 2′‐O‐Alkyl‐2‐thiouridine Derivatives via 4‐O‐Protection of the Uracil Base and Hybridization Properties of Oligonucleotides Incorporating These Modified Nucleoside Derivatives.
Authors: Okamoto Itaru , Shohda Koh‐ichiroh , Seio Kohji , Sekine Mitsuo
Published: April 2004

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Thermolytic Carbonates for Potential 5′‐Hydroxyl Protection of Deoxyribonucleosides.
Authors: Chmielewski Marcin K. , Marchan Vicente , Cieslak Jacek , Grajkowski Andrzej , Livengood Victor , Muench Ursula , Wilk Andrzej , Beaucage Serge L.
Published: April 2004

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Lipid Constituents from Centratherum anthelminticum (Seeds)
Authors: Verma Manjul , Deshiraju Shrilakshmi , Jafri Mustazi , Mehta B. K.
Published: April 2004

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Two New Biocoumarins from Clausena excavata
Authors: Takemura Yuko , Kanao Kinuko , Konoshima Asami , Ju‐ichi Motoharu , Ito Chihiro , Furukawa Hiroshi , Tokuda Harukuni , Nishino Hoyoku
Published: April 2004

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The Facile Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of 9‐Anthryl‐3‐guaiazulenylmethylium Hexafluorophosphate.
Authors: Takekuma Shin‐ichi , Sasaki Kaori , Nakatsuji Miwa , Sasaki Masato , Minematsu Toshie , Takekuma Hideko
Published: April 2004

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