bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Channel Sandstone Bodies in Fluvial Permian - Triassic Gondwana Succession of Peninsular India
Authors: Tewari R. C.
Published: November 2024

Two types (I and II) of channel sandstone bodies are recognised in the fluvial Permian - Triassic Gondwana succession of peninsular India on the basis of geometry, associations and sedimentary structures. Irrespective of geometry and associations, these channels are oriented towards northwest, comparable with the Permian - Triassic paleoslope. The geometry, hierarchy of sedimentary structures and association of these channel bodies suggest channel aggradation, and lateral accretion in crevasse channels, respectively for the deposition of Type-I and Type-II channel sandstone bodies.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Basal Quartz - Pebble Conglomerate of Dhanjori Group, Singhbhum Craton, India and their Significance
Authors: Sunil Kumar T. S. , Krishna Rao N. , Palrecha M. M. , Parthasarathy R. , Shah V. L. , Sinha K. K.
Published: November 2024

he basal quartz-pebble conglomerate of Dhanjori Group of Singhbhum-Orissa craton is characterised by a distinct heavy mineral assemblage of pink zircon, chromite, pyrite, monazite and rutile-silicate intergrowth. Statistical analysis of morphometric features of zircons shows that they are significantly different from those found in Older Metamorphic Group and Older Metamorphic Tonalite Gneiss, but they have resemblance to those found in Singhbhum Granite. The trace and REE characteristics of the conglomerates, and the morphology and chemistry of zircon, identify the Singhbhum Granite Complex as the predominant source rock. At the same time, abundant detrital chromite, the positive trend of Cr-Ni and Cr-Co plots, and high Cr/Th ratios of the QPCs suggest a mixed provenance with an ultramafic component ofkomatiitic affinity (older greenstones) in the granite complex. The relative proportion of older greenstones was higher towards western and southern margins of the Dhanjori basin.
Taxonomy and Paleolatitudinal Significance of Rotorboides granulosum - A Less-Known Recent Foraminifera of Tropical Region
Authors: Kathal P. K. , Bhalla S. N.
Published: November 2024

The paper presenst taxonomic observations on the Rotorboides granulosum (Heron-Allen and Earland), a less known foraminiferid collected during the course of investigation of Recent littoral sediments along Palk Strait (9° N to 10° N) and Kakinada Bay, east coast of India. Systematics and the microstructure of this rotaliid, found in the shallow and protected tropical waters of the world since Middle Pliocene has been discussed vis-a-vis its origin and significance in the paleoenvironmental and paleolatitudinal reconstruction of the Tetiary strata, elsewhere.
Late Quaternary Oceanographic Changes in the Eastern Arabian Sea: Evidence from Planktic Foraminifera and Pteropods
Authors: Singh A. D.
Published: November 2024

Planktic foraminifera and pteropods were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively from two gravity cores recovered from the shelf off northern Kerala representing the past - 23 Ka record. Based on the temporal variation in the composition of faunal assemblages, oceanographic and climatic changes during late Quaternary are interpreted. A time-series of the monsoonal-upwelling indices suggests that between - 23 to 18 Ka BP minimum upwelling and weaker monsoon occurred. This period was followed by a gradual increase in the intensity of upwelling and monsoonal strength during - 18 to 15 Ka BP. After a breif interval of weak monsoon, it intensified again from -12 to 10 Ka BP. The southwest monsoon was weaker from - 5 Ka BP with minor fluctuations in its strength. The study also reveals that pteropod shells made up of aragonite (highly solution susceptible) are found in different states of preservation in response to oceanographic changes during the Quaternary. Three kinds of shells subjected to different modes of preservation occur in the cores: (i) transparent shells (excellent preservation), (ii) opaque-white shells and (iii) molds with original shells (corrosion and dissolution). The preservation of aragonite shells was excellent between - 23 to 18 Ka BP. Aragonite dissolution is recorded with its maximum from - 17 to 15 Ka BP. The pteropod shells are well preserved during Holocene.
Concentration of Gold in Natural Waters from Lateritic Terrain, Wynad-Nilambur Gold Field, Kerala, India and its Possible Role in Exploration
Authors: Narayanaswamy  , Balaram V. , Ramkumar N. , Anjaiah K. V.
Published: November 2024

Water samples from wells adjoining abandoned mines in the Wynad-Nilambur Gold Field were analysed by ICP-MS for gold and values ranging from 0.05 ppb to 0.22 ppb obtained. Though gold in the water samples is in very low concentration, the study suggests that it is possible to use water samples in hydrogeochemical prospecting for gold by adopting ICP-MS instrumental technique after preconcentration of gold by activated charcoal. The procedure is very sensitive with detection limit approaching 0.1 parts per trillion.
Analysis of Pumping Test Data from Abstraction Well
Authors: Singh V. S. , Thangarajan M.
Published: November 2024

In many situations pumping tests are carried out without observation well and drawdown/recovery, data recorded in the pumped well itself. Although, the time drawdown/recovery data are, being precisely recorded in the pumping well, the interpretation of such data often gives ambiguous results due to non-accountabiiity of well loss and well storage in many situations. This is particularly true in the case of low permeable aquifer. In order to overcome such difficulties, finite difference, method is used to estimate aquifer parameters. Field examples are presented to illustrate the above method.
Discovery of Lower Cambrian Small Shelly Fossils and Brachiopods from the Lower Vindhyan of Son Valley, Central India
Authors: Azmi R. J.
Published: November 2024

R. J. Azmi of the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology here reports the discovery of small shelly fossils and brachiopods of lower Cambrian affinity from the topmost Rohtasgarh Limestone at Maihar and Rohtas in the Son Valley. This discovery is of importance as it necessitates a revision in the age of the Vindhyan succession. We welcome a discussion on this subject - Ed.
Petrology, Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Studies of Carbonate-Rich Dyke-Like Bodies, Chhaktalao Area, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Hari K. R. , Satish Kumar M. , Santosh M. , Rai Suneet Kumar
Published: November 2024

Carbonate-rich rocks occur as E-W trending dyke-like bodies in the Deccan 'basalts at Chhaktalao area in the lower Narmada valley and show a structurally controlled mode of emplacement. Modal composition shows calcite as the dominent mineral (~90%). Ankerite, apatite, altered olivine, augite and opaques account for the remaining percentage. Geochemically, these rocks show high CaO (>50%) with low SiO2, TiO2, FeO* and K2O. Trace element concentrations are low compared to average carbonatites. Stable isotope studies show that d13C(-1.74‰ to -2.8‰) and d18O(+12.75‰ to +13.35‰) values do not compare with those of "primary igneous carbonatites" eventhough they fall within the wide range of "igneous carbonatites". These rocks can be considered only as carbonate-rich rocks and not as true carbonatites.
Geology, Petrology and Geochemistry of Narayanpet Kimberlites in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
Authors: Rao K. R. P. , Reddy T. A. K. , Rao K. V. S. , Rao K. S. B. , Rao N. V.
Published: November 2024

Apart from the well known occurrence of kimberlites in south India at Wajrakarur in Anantapur district, kimberlites were located by Geological Survey of India (GSI), during 1984-85 around Maddur and Narayanpet areas in Mahabubnagar district of Andhra Pradesh. Landsat imagery and photo-interpretation studies followed by intense geological traverses including stream sediment surveys, launched during 1994-96, led to the discovery of 20 additional kimberlites in the western part of Mahabubnagar district, Andhra Pradesh and in the adjoining Gulbarga district, Karnataka, thus reporting kimberlite for the first time from the state of Karnataka. A total of 30 kimberlites have been reported in this field named as "Narayan pet Kimberlite Field" (NKF).

The kimberlites are emplaced along E-W and NW-SE trending major faults and associated NE-SW tear faults in the Peninsular Gneissic Complex carrying enclaves of Dharwar greenstones of Gadwal schist belt. These kimberiites occur both as small bodies of a few metres across and also as dykes with a strike length of about 2 km. The characteristic mineral assemblages and textures indicate that these bodies correspond to hypabyssal facies or root zone kimberlites. The indicator mineral suite present in these rocks are olivine, chrome diopside, magnesian ilmenite, chrome spinel, ai1d rare pyrope garnet Mantle xenoliths are rare, nevertheless spinel Iherzolite; abundantly found in two kimberlites.

All the kimberlites of NKF are depleted in SiO2 (~ 35%), potassic (K2O >Na2O) and magnesium rich (MgO >20%). The REE abundance of these kimherlites is consistent with their derivation by partial melting of mantle and subsequent fractional crystallisation of the melt. The similarity of petrological and geochemical characters of these kimberlites indicate that all the kimberlites of NKF are derived from similar source in the upper mantle.

Preliminary processing and testing of some of the kimberlite bodies have not yielded any diamonds so far. However, the reported stray diamond finds in the Krishna and Bhima River gravels indicate the presence of diamondiferous kimberlites further south and southwest of the area.
Miocene Radiolaria from Nicholson and John Lawrence Islands, Andaman Sea
Authors: Sharma V. , Daneshian J.
Published: November 2024

One hundred and thirty three radiolarian taxa from two sections, one each at Nicholson Island and John Lawrence Island, Andaman Sea are reported. The assemblage is referable to upper Calocycletta costata Zone to lower Dorcadospyris alata Zone (late Early Miocene to early Middle Miocene, about 16.9 Ma to 15.9 Ma). Stratigraphic ranges of some selected species are compared with those in the deep sea drilling sites in the tropical Indian Ocean.
Principles of Mise-a-la-Masse Method and its Application to Polymetallic Sulphide Deposits of Rajasthan
Authors: Gupta Dinesh , Shyam Radhe , Agarwal A. K. , Bhattacharya B. B , Banerjee B.
Published: November 2024

In surface geophysical surveys, resistivity contrast between the ore and host rock plays a vital role in the success ratio of the surveys. To overcome the problem of insufficient resistivity contrast, a modified method, Mise-a-la-masse, as tried and found to be very effective in tracing the extensions of polymetallic sulphides intersected in a borehole. The method was applied to Pb-Zn and sulphide hosted gold prospects in Rajasthan and the results obtained indicate that Mise-a-la-masse method can be successfully employed for delineating subsurface extension of polymetallic sulphide deposits.
Long-Period Fluctuations in Monsoon Floods in the Deccan Peninsula, India
Authors: Kale Vishwas S.
Published: November 2024

In the present study, the temporal patterns of monsoon floods on five large rivers of the Deccan Peninsula have been investigated. Analyses of the long-term annual maximum discharge/stage data, available for the last 100 years or so, show non-random behaviour in terms of distinct periods of high and low floods. The normalized accumulated departure from mean (NADM) plotting method has been used to identify great periods of below-average (low) and above-average (high) floods. Examination of the data reveals lower frequency and magnitude of large floods during the late-1800 and early-1900 period, and a period of increased frequency of large floods between 1940s and 1960s. The results of the investigation also indicate that the high (low) flood response is consistent with increased (decreased) precipitation in the basins. There is a clear evidence of an enhancement in the magnitude and frequency of large floods in the post-1940 period.
Mid-Proterozoic Intraplate Alkaline Magmatism in the Eastern Dharwar Craton of India: The Cuddapab Province
Authors: Madhavan V. , Mallikharjuna Rao J , Srinivas M.
Published: November 2024

In the Dharwar craton, the recently recognized Cuddapah intrusive province hosts an array of mid-Proterozoic alkaline and non-alkaline intrusives; the latter are represented by two manifestly voluminous magma types: gabbro and granitoid, which are marked by a bimodal association. Here we present the tectono-magmatic framework of the Cuddapah intrusive province and in the light of it, the petrology, geochemistry and genesis of alkaline rocks are discussed to highlight the mid-Proterozoic intraplate alkaline magmatism in the eastern Dharwar craton.
Exhumation History of Eclogites from the Tso-Morari Crystalline Complex in Eastern Ladakh: Mineralogical and Fluid Inclusion Constraints
Authors: Sachan K. H. , Bodnar R. J. , Islam R. , Szabo Cs. , Lawi R. D.
Published: November 2024

Eclogites from the Tso-Morari Crystalline Complex in Ladakh, India, preserve evidence for high P, low T metamorphism of subducted Indian continental crust in the presence of a moderate salinity aqueous fluid phase. The phengite barometry estimates a pressure range of  11-14 kbar for eclogitization whereas garnet-omphacite geothermometry reveals a temperature range of 530°-580°C. Following eclogitization at 530°-580°C at a minimum pressure of 14 kbar, the eclogites were tectonically exhumed along a nearly isothermal P-T path that brought them to within 10-30 kilometers of the surface. Final transport to the surface followed a more normal continental geotherm.
Geothermometry of the Granitoids of Eastern Higher Kumaun Himalaya, India
Authors: Kaur Manudip , Chamyal L. S. , Sharma N. , Jowhar T. N.
Published: November 2024

The granitoids of eastern Higher Kumaun Himalaya show a metamorphic history extending from the Precambrian to Tertiary. The granitisation and formation of the granitoids within the Higher Himalaya were related to an early metamorphism (M1) that took place during Precambrian. Temperatures of the granitoids of eastern Higher Kumaun Himalaya are estimated based on co-existing feldspar pairs, alkali feldspar-muscovite geothermometer and Ti content in micas and are found to be in conformity with temperatures prevailing in the upper amphibolite facies.
Facies Pattern and Depositional Motif in an Immature Trench-Slope Basin, Eocene Mithakhari Group, Middle Andaman, India
Authors: Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Pal Tapan , Gupta Tanay Dutta , Gupta Kalyan Surya
Published: November 2024

Detailed facies analysis in Eocene Mithakhari Group reveals eight different lithofacies of wide ranging paleogeographic significance. These facies are i) disorganised matrix-supported conglomerate, ii) graded matrix-supported conglomerate, iii) graded pebbly sandstone, iv) massive and thick-bedded sandstone, v) plane laminated and cross-stratified sandstone, vi) interbedded sandstone and mudstone, vii) massive to faintly laminated shale and viii) interbedded shale and coal; which are grouped into-five different facies associations (FA). viz. Subaerial alluvial plain (FAl), Shallow water, wave dominated shelf (FA2), Delta slope (FA3), Prodelta slope (FA4) and Submarine fan (FA5).

Lying unconformably on oceanic basement (ophiolite slices?) these sediments constitute short truncated successions. Litholog measurement in three isolated sections viz. Kaushalyanagar. Sagwannala and Rangat-Nimbutala reveal widely varying facies succession pattern. Frequent facies change, predominance of massflow deposits, signatures of synsedimentary basinal disturbance and wide paleogeographic variation indicate sedimentation in small isolated basins in an immature trench-slope setting. Profusion of progradational depositional cycles and evidences of emergence in the studied sections provide indication of frontal accretion and tectonic shoaling in the filling history of these basins.
Origin of the Sung Valley Carbonatite Complex, Meghalaya, India: Major Element Geochemistry Constraints
Authors: Sen Amit Kumar
Published: November 2024

The Sung Valley carbonatite complex is situated in the Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya and includes an array of silicate rocks along with sovitic carbonatite. The silicate rocks are represented by serpentinized peridotite, pyroxenite, melilitolite, ijolite and nepheline syenite and occupy more than 99% of the total outcrop. Variation in major element composition divides the silicate rocks into two distinct groups: i) alumina-alkali-poor, represented by peridotite, pyroxenite and melilitolite and ii) alumina-alkali-rich consisting of ijolite and nepheline syenite. Perceptible variation in chemical composition can also be noted among the individual group members. The carbonatite is dominantly CaCO3-rich and poor in alkalies. Present study suggests that the parent magma in the Sung Valley complex was of melilitic composition. In the initial stages this magma produced peridotite and pyroxenite by fractional crystallization. With progressive crystallization the parent magma gradually became enriched in Ca and generated carbonatitic melt by liquid immiscibility. The residual silicate melt, after separation of immiscible carbonate melt, produced ijolite and nepheline syenite by fractional crystallization.
Late Proterozoic Bimodal Volcanic Assemblage of Siwana Subsidence Structure, Western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Bhushan S. K. , Chittora V. K.
Published: November 2024

Neoproterozoic Malani bimodal volcanism occurs in a cauldron subsidence structure of a shield volcano at Siwana. This collapse caldera has exposed 45 volcanic flows comprising six of basalt, 20 of rhyolite, alkali rhyolite and rhyodacite, 15 of trachyte, one of dacite and three of trachyandesite, composition. Major and trace element geochemistry of lavas shows a bimodal character in the mafic and felsic components. The lower felsic flows are alkaline and highly enriched in HFS elements while the upper flows are peraluminous in composition. Alkalinity has been reintroduced in the uppermost flows. Wide variation in incompatible trace element ratios indicates a nonfractional crystallization relationship between the mafic and felsic magma. Malani volcanism was triggered in an extensional tectonic setting where geotherm was raised by the repeated influx of basaltic magma. Crustal extension inhibited the bouyant rise of silicic magma.
Characterization of Groundwater in the Unconfined Aquifers of Chennai City, India, Part 2 - Factor Analysis
Authors: Ballukraya P. N. , Ravi R.
Published: November 2024

Hydrogeological studies of the groundwater in Chennai area have shown that the alluvial aquifers have several geochemical facies with distinct characteristics. Factor analysis of the data has been helpful in characterising these facies, since it is noticed that the factor 1 measures salinity, hardness and alkalinity, while factor 2 measures pollution. It is observed that lithology, land use and hydraulic characteristics exercise significant control on the geochemistry of groundwater. The behaviour of groundwater quality in coastal areas, river banks and surface reservoirs is also well explained by factor scores and many of these form distinct hydrogeochemical facies. The study further shows that the geochemistry of the groundwater in these categories gets much more distinct in the pre-recharge periods indicating the effectiveness of the rock-water interaction in the aquifers.
Sheath Fold in Charnockite Around Nekkanamalai, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ganesan T. M. , Gopalakrishnan K. , Renganathan R. , Sivasankaran S. S.
Published: November 2024

A sheath fold with inverted hinge is recorded within the charnockite exposed around Nekkanamalai in the Southern Granulite Terrain. The area lies within the NNE-trending Gudiyatham-Bhavani Straight Belt (GBSB) bounded on either side by two distinctly different tectono-stratigraphic terranes brought into juxtaposition along major tectonic contacts. Such folds are known in regions of re-folding, with later folding events of high intensity at high angles to the earlier folds, as well as in shear zones, where the direction of shear is subparallel to the sheath axes. The sheath fold in the area is interpreted to be due to superposed folding resulting from the complicated pattern of deformation produced during the welding of different terranes along the GBSB, which had brought about not only plunge reversals but also plunge inversion of the earlier folds.
Mineralogy of Gold and Associated Alloys in Sulfides of Bhukia Gold Prospect in Southeastern Rajasthan, Western India
Authors: Golani P. R. , Rajawat R. S. , Pant N. C. , Rao M. S.
Published: November 2024

Primary gold occurs with sulfides in Paleoproterozoic Aravalli rocks in the Bhukia area of Banswara District, Rajasthan. It occurs as microscopic grains of various shapes, mainly in arsenopyrite and lollingite. With a combined approach of ore petrologic and EPMA studies, we report high purity gold, native bismuth and alloys of gold-bismuth and bismuth-tellurium which best approximate to the rare minerals maldonite and wehrlite respectivety. The fineness of gold ranges between 934 and 995. Preliminary estimates on temperature using arsenopyrite composition coupled with rare presence of spherulitic graphite indicate the temperature of equilibration of around 550°C for the coexisting mineral phases of pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and lollingite.
Velocity-Depth Relationship in Selected Parts of Indian Crust
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Tewari H. C. , Sain K.
Published: November 2024

Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) studies were started in India in 1972, but till date no attempt has been made to synthesize the data to provide a bird's eye view of the variation in crustal model. Present synthesis of seismic data provides a glimpse of change in the regional velocity scenario as well as basement and Moho depth configurations in selected parts of the Indian crust. In the sedimentary basins of east-coast, Bengal and Cambay, the basement depth varies between 2 and 10 km, and the Proterozoic Vindhyan and Cuddapah basins show maximum depths of 5 and 10 km respectively. The maximum Moho depth is indicated as 42-44 km in the central Indian region.
A Fluid-Rock Interaction Model for Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Variations in Altered Carbonatites
Authors: Ray Jyotiranjan S. , Ramesh R.
Published: November 2024

A fluid-rock interaction model for treating the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic variations in altered carbonatites is presented and illustrated with an example using data from the ferrocarbonatites of Amba Dongar, Gujarat. The Amba Dongar ferrocarbonatites appear to have been altered by a fluid of magmatic origin at 100 to 200°C contrary to an earlier suggestion of meteoric groundwater alteration at ~50°C.
A Note on Inch Scale Layering in a Dolerite Dyke of the Deccan Trap of Saurashtra, India
Authors: Sethna S. F. , Kothare Prajakta , Javeri Priya
Published: November 2024

Distinct vertical rhythmic layering is seen in one of the dykes 68 km southeast of Rajkot. The dyke extends for almost 50 km in length but has a limited width of 10 to 15 metres. The vertical layering is due to alternating layers rich in plagioclase and pyroxene, which is encountered mainly in the central part of the dyke. The layering is formed due to molecuIar diffusion at the front of cooling and crystallization with the temperature gradient catching up gradually to form the next layer. Alternatively it may be possible that layering is due to multiple injections of melt into the fracture that was responsible for disturbing the equilibrium from time to time.
Tectonic Geomorphology of the Mahi River Basin, Western India
Authors: Raj Rachna , Maurya D. M. , Chamyal L. S.
Published: November 2024

Neotectonic activity along pre-Quaternary tectonic trends has played a major role in the evolution of Mahi drainage basin. The Mahi basin is controlled by NE-SW and WNW-ESE Aravalli trend in the uplands and by NNW-SSE Tertiary basement faults in the distal part. Lineament analysis shows three structural trends in the area which are related to major regional tectonic trends. Stream orientations indicate that the NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE trends represent lineaments which were active during the youngest tectonic phase. The NE-SW and WNW-ESE trends are slightly older. The evolution of overall configuration of the basin is attributable to neotectonic activity along WNW-ESE and NESW trends which have been modified by a later phase of tectonic activity along NNW-SSE trend. Morphotectonic analysis has been helpful in assessing the relative degree of tectonic activity in the different geomorphic zones of the Mahi river basin. An increasing degree of tectonic activity towards the NE conforming to the northeastward extension of the Aravalli range where the central axis of the range lies, has been indicated.
Fresh Water Gastropods from the Maleri Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Godavari Valley, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Nath T. T.
Published: November 2024

The paper records the discovery of gastropods from the vertebrate fauna-bearing beds of Maleri Formation from southwest of Kataram in the Godavari valley. They include genera Physa, Lymnaea and Tricula, which indicate a fresh water environment.
X-ray Diffraction, Infrared and Isotope Study of the Lakadong Limestone, Meghalaya
Authors: Kotoky P. , Baruah Baby , Borgohain R.
Published: November 2024

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectral analyses of the Lakadong Limestone, Meghalaya indicate calcite as its dominant mineral phase. Association of dolomite at the base and presence of silica at the top of the sequence is evidenced from the spectra. A significant relationship between CaO content and the peak intensity of IR-spectra is found and needs standardisation before it can be utilised for rapid estimation of quality of limestone and can be an alternative for different time consuming analytical procedures. Stable isotope of d13C {0.63 to 1.12‰( av.0.87±0.01‰)} points to enrichment of heavier C isotope and d18O values {-7.34 to-10.55‰ (av.-9.06±0.01‰) ) to lighter O isotope enrichment. Isotopic grid analysis confirms the marine origin for the limestone. Biochemical fractionation along with diagenetic reorganisation might have played critical roles in controlling the isotopic ratios of this limestone.
A Note on the Occurrence of Ultra-Potassic Volcanic Rocks in the Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin
Authors: Reddy I. V.
Published: November 2024

This note records for the first time the occurrence of ultra-potassic volcanic rocks in the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin. The ultra-potassic rocks occur within the tuffaceous sequence of the Pullampet Formation of Nallamalai Group of Cuddapah Supergroup in the area around Naiduvaripalle in Cheyyeru valley in the Cuddapah district of Andhra Pradesh. Petrographic studies reveal that the rock is aphanitic with phenocrysts of alkali feldspar set in a finely crystalline groundmass of slender feldspar microlites and chlorite. The rock displays typical ultra-potassic chemical characters in having high K2O>8%, K2O:Na2O >25% and MgO >3%.
Proterozoic Iron Oxide (Cu-Ni-U-REE) Type Mineralisation in the Environs of Dalma Volcanics, West Singhbhum District, Bihar. A New Horizon for Exploration of Polymetallic Ores
Authors: Mishra K. S. , Gupta K. R. , Bagchi A. K. , Jagmer Singh
Published: November 2024

Significant uranium geochemical anomalies associated with Cu, Ni, REE, Au indicative of favourable Iron oxide breccia type of mineralisation has been located along a sympathetic faulted zone close to the main fault along the northern contact of Dalma volcanic range. The assemblages of the rocks found north of Dalma volcanics viz., carbon phyllite, carbonaceous quartzite, calc-arenite and cherty quartzite are indicative of typical marine environment of lower to middle Proterozoic age traceable for about 10 km over a 3-7 km wide zone. The mineralisation represented by iron oxide breccia is confined to a major structural zone parallel to a regional strike fault and is cut across by transverse faults. Significant anomalous concentration of U3O8 (140-770 ppm), Cu (173-498 ppm), Ni (148-1566 ppm), Au (<0.25 to 1.6 ppm), Ag (1.2 to 4.29 ppm) and REE (Y 131 to 607 ppm, La <50 to 993 ppm, Ce 41 to 91 ppm) points to its economic potentiality. The geological characteristics and tectonic set-up are akin to the major iron oxide (Fe-Cu-Ni/U-REE-Au) type of deposits reported elsewhere in the world. Investigation on the economic potentiality of the mineralisation is under progress.
A 75 Ka Record of Palaeoclimatic Changes Inferred from Crystallinity of Illite from Nal Sarovar, Western India
Authors: Pandarinath K. , Prasad Sushma , Gupta S. K.
Published: November 2024

The crystallinity of the clay mineral illite, which is a climatically sensitive parameter, was studied for palaeoclimatic inferences from a core raised from Nal Sarovar in western India. The changes in crystallinity of illite in the top 3m of the core showed that the climate was wetter than present from ~6.3-4.6 ka BP and was followed by a relatively dry phase which has continued up to the present. These palaeoclimatic observations are largely similar to those obtained from d13C and C/N ratio variations in the top 3m of the core. From the deeper (>3m) section, a wet spell around 50 ka BP was identified in an otherwise continuous spell of aridity between 7 and 73 ka BP. The presence of a red bed dated to -50 ka BP (depth 1285-1324 cm) also suggested that the climate was wet followed by dry conditions during this period.

This interpretation of palaeoclimatic changes deciphered from the Nal Sarovar core differs in some detail from the Rajasthan palaeoclimatic record and that available from south India.
Evaluation of Site Suitability for Disposing of Solidwaste Using Waste Aquifer Isolation Principle
Authors: Thangarajan M.
Published: November 2024

The primary concern in selecting waste site is the need for isolating the waste site from the fresh water zones, e.g., water table. It implies that there should be an impermeable zone for pollutant migration between any waste site and groundwater regime. The unsaturated zone, otherwise called the vadose zone, that lies between the topsoil and water table forms the most important natural attenuating zone for the migration of leachate. Thus, there is a need to select a site, which has very low permeable and absorbing vadose zone. Selection of an ideal site needs rigorous field investigations, followed by mass transport modelling. In case of scarce resources of money and time, one needs a few faster methods based on empirical approach to identify the disposal site. One such empirical method is to identify a site, which has good attenuation potential for the leachate produced by the waste pile. This is termed as waste aquifer isolation principle (WAIP). This will restrict the contaminant migration to reach the water table within short span of time. This principle makes use of the hydrogeologic criteria using the data related to type of waste and area to be disposed, quantum of pollutant, effective porosity, thickness of unsaturated zone, and vertical permeability of the medium. A computer code WASP, based on the above principle, was used to compute an index to decide upon the suitability of the site.

The above approach was tested in an existing site near Ranipet (125 km southwest of Chennai) in Vellore district. Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu Chromates and Chemicals Ltd., (TCC) at Ranipet Industrial Estate produces sodium dichromate and disposes of its solid wastes containing soluble hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), which is toxic, for the last 20 years in an area of 35000 m2 and has contaminated the groundwater regime with high level chromium concentration. It was found through this study that the site is unsuitable for disposing toxic wastes. This approach may be followed as a first step, wherever quick solution is needed with minimum resources, but this cannot and does not replace the need for quantification of pollutant migration through mass transport modelling. This quick method is based on hydrogeological criteria with minimum computational effort, as such it can be employed easily by any field hydrologist.
Validation and Reliability Protocol of a New Test to Assess Cardiorespiratory Capacity in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Practitioners v1
Authors: Baez San Martin Eduardo , Tuesta Marcelo , Alvear Ildefonso
Published: November 2024

This protocol aims to validate and verify the reliability of a test designed to assess cardiorespiratory capacity in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners of various levels. The test incorporates a sequence of standardised guard-passing movements, which simulate the realistic demands of the sport. At the same time, physiological variables such as heart rate variability, muscle oxygenation, and lactate concentration are measured. The expected outcome is that the test will be valid and reliable for assessing cardiorespiratory capacity under field conditions, offering a practical and reproducible tool for performance evaluation in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes.
Tissue culture v1
Authors: Smith Nahum , Casadei Silvia
Published: November 2024

This protocol details the tissue culture.
FFPE Tissue Microarray protocol v1
Authors: Bolen Mackenzie , G Tansey Malu , Xue Qing-Shan
Published: November 2024

Protocol generated to as a step by step walk through of how to go from FFPE blocks to a tissue microarray (TMA) in preparation for NanoString CosMx SMI.
RNA cellulose-based purification v1
Authors: Lopez Carolina
Published: November 2024

Protocol for RNA purification
Saturation Genome Editing v1
Authors: Smith Nahum , Casadei Silvia
Published: November 2024

This collection details the saturation genome editing workflow.
GENERALIZATION OF McCONNELL’S THEOREM IN PRIME CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: Anzoumana Sama , Kouakou Konan M.
Published: November 2024

Let be a field and be an ideal of the polynomial algebra in variables. If is a (commutative) -algebra, then we denote by the algebra of differential operators on the algebra . McConnell and Robson showed that in characteristic zero, the algebra of differential operators on a commutative -algebra of finite type is isomorphic to a quotient of a subalgebra of the algebra of differential operators on a polynomial algebra, i.e., In this paper, we generalize this result of McConnell and Robson in prime characteristic.
Disperse reinforcement of artificial base with glass waste
Authors: Popov Dmitry V.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of laboratory stamp tests of sandy soils, the dispersed reinforcement of which was made with cullet waste in the form of crumbs. The tested soil samples had different densities and, accordingly, for each density, several options were made for the percentage of glass in the mass of the total volume. The purpose of the laboratory research was to obtain such a mechanical characteristic of the soil as the deformation modulus, which was subsequently compared with the same deformation modulus, but not of reinforced soil. The research results obtained showed the effectiveness of using glass chips as dispersed reinforcement of loose soils, which makes it possible to improve its strength properties and significantly save on the installation of artificial foundations for buildings or structures, as well as solve the issue of recycling glass waste and, accordingly, improve the environmental performance of the environment.
Features of the representation of architectural space in the painting works of Giorgio de Chirico
Authors: Lysenkov Alexey Yu.
Published: November 2024

This article describes the features of the depiction of architectural space in the paintings of the surrealist artist Giorgio de Chirico. In general terms, surrealism is described as an artistic style of the early twentieth century, its emergence, distinctive features and semantic tasks; The questions in relation to Giorgio de Chirico are examined in more detail: from what architectural objects and constituent elements is the urban space of his paintings formed, what objects are the main semantic parts, the general universal architectural model of the formation of such a space in de Chirico’s compositions is described. The article describes the semiotic structure used by the master, reveals the concept and meaning of the term “metaphysical painting”, ways of reading a surreal work of art, and the playful nature of the interaction between the artist and the viewer. The article analyzes in detail the methods and features of constructing the internal space of the metaphysical works of this master, showing the constituent elements, methods, techniques, and techniques for organizing the composition of the painting. The significance of the image of architectural space in de Chirico’s works on modern man and the use of his artistic experience in our time is described.
Legal Support of Media Security and Cognitive Sovereignty: Challenges of Social Engineering, Hybrid Wars and Web 3.0 Mechanisms (Part 1)
Authors: Nikishin V. D.
Published: November 2024

The paper considers the main technologies (including socio-humanitarian ones) that pose challenges to ensure the security of communication in the Internet environment and require the development of new regulatory models. The correlation and interrelationships of the concepts of information, information[1]psychological, reputational and media security; information and cognitive sovereignty; information, cognitive and hybrid warfare; the phenomenon of «soft power», «sociological propaganda», which is important for the unification of the terminological apparatus in this area, are considered. For the first time, from the point of view of jurisprudence, the concept of cognitive sovereignty is comprehensively considered and its components are characterized, including media security, cultural sovereignty, technological sovereignty, managerial sovereignty, and legal security. The research section devoted to the comprehensive consideration of the phenomenon of social engineering is also new, not only as a set of methods of psychological influence aimed at obtaining unauthorized access to data, but also as other complexes of socio-humanitarian technologies for managing meanings, methods and techniques of information and psychological influence on human behavior. The place of legal social engineering in the system of social engineering is considered and the role of the lawyer-strategist (lawyer-lawmaker) is justified as a social engineer who develops models for rationing not only current, but also emerging, predictable social relations. An analysis of the development of cyberspace from the point of view of the concept «Web 1.0 — Web 2.0 — Web 3.0 — Web 3» made it possible, firstly, to develop an author’s feature model of various «types» (stages) of the development of the Internet environment and, secondly, to identify challenges to the law caused by the need to ensure media security and cognitive sovereignty, and also the adaptation of new economic models.
Immediate and long-term consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 on fertility and androgenic status of men
Authors: Ignashov Yuri A. , Borovets Sergey Yu. , Rybalov Maxim A. , Potapova Maria K. , Al-Shukri Salman Kh.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recognized as a global pandemic, impacts many human organs and systems. In view of the coronavirus widespread and high incidence of the disease in young men of reproductive potential, It would be relevant to assess the immediate and long-term consequences of coronavirus disease on the reproductive system of men and their hormonal status
AIM: To study of the effect of COVID-19 on the male reproductive system and hormonal status.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included the findings of examination and treatment of 62 men aged 22 to 45 years (mean age: 38.3 ± 3.2 years) who had COVID-19 confirmed by PCR testing within 3-6 months prior to the study. Sixteen (25.8%) men had severe disease, and 46 (74.2%) men suffered from moderate one. All patients enrolled in the study had spermogram parameters, mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test findings and total plasma testosterone levels were within the reference values before the disease. These parameters were determined for all patients after recovery at 6 and 12 months.
RESULTS: Six months after the disease, significant spermatogenesis disorders, manifested by a decreasing concentration and/or mobility and/or the number of normal forms of spermatozoa, leukospermia, were observed in 14 of 16 (87.5%) patients in the severe disease group and in 16 of 46 (34.7%) patients with moderate severity disease (p 0.05). Total plasma testosterone levels were decreased in all 16 (100%) patients in the severe group and in 32 of 46 (69.6%) patients in the moderate group (p 0.05). Within 12 months after the disease, significant disorders in the main spermogram parameters were observed in 5 of 16 (31.2%) patients with severe coronavirus disease, and in 4 of 46 (8.7%) patients with moderate coronavirus (p 0.05). A decrease in total plasma testosterone levels occurred in 10 of 16 (62,5%) men of the severe disease group and in 4 of 46 (8.7%) men with moderate disease (p 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the negative impact of COVID-19 on male fertility and hormonal status. The coronavirus severity mainly determines the rate, intensity and duration of spermatogenesis disorders and hypogonadism manifestations that occur after it.
Urine microbiota and bladder cancer
Authors: Lisitsyn Igor Yu. , Maistrenko Dmitrii N. , Granov Dmitrii A. , Rumyantseva Svetlana Yu. , Molchanov Oleg E. , Punchenko Olga E.
Published: November 2024

Urine analysis data obtained using modern microbiological methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology indicate that the urinary system has its own microbial ecosystem. Individual microbiota members can play a key role in the development of cancer. Certain bacterial taxa have been revealed in bladder urothelial carcinoma cells that can affect carcinogenesis, treatment response, and the development of relapses through various mechanisms. The studies are conducted to use not only vaccine strains, but also probiotic strains and oncolytic bacteria for the treatment and prevention of relapses.
Interpenetrating Composites with Enhanced Stiffness, Desired Poisson’s Ratio and Superior Conductivity
Authors: Zhu H , Zhang Z
Published: November 2024

Fibre matrix debonding, fibre pullout, delamination and mechanical anisotropy are the main common disadvantages of most fibre-reinforced composites. Interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs), however, do not have these problems because both their matrix material and their reinforcement fibre materials are self-connected networks, and interpenetrate each other. Moreover, IPCs could be designed to have an almost isotropic Young’s modulus much larger than the Voigt limit, and a Poisson’s at a desired value (i.e. positive, or negative or zero). In addition, they could have an isotropic thermal or electrical conductivity very close to the theoretical upper limit (i.e. the Hashin—Shtrikman’s upper limit). This paper will introduce the relevant theoretical, simulation and experimental results on the elastic properties and thermal/electrical conductivities of some IPCs and compare their properties with those of other types of composites.
Effective Concrete Crack Closure Through Innovative Hybrid PET Tendons
Authors: Sharifi S , Novelli V , Balzano B , Pinto S
Published: November 2024

The article delves into the enduring challenge of cracking in concrete structures, examining innovative solutions, with particular emphasis on the development and assessment of a novel Tendon (the Side PET Hybrid Tendon (SPHT)). Traditional approaches to crack closure often prove inadequate in terms of both effectiveness and cost efficiency. Through the fusion of Kevlar®, PET, and Kanthal wire, the SPHT exhibits promising abilities in effectively sealing cracks. Laboratory trials showed significant reductions in crack sizes when the tendons were activated, achieving reductions of 60% to 80%. This underscores their potential to greatly enhance the durability of concrete structures. The SPHT presents a feasible remedy for addressing cracking in concrete structures, offering a pathway towards enhanced longevity and diminished maintenance requirements.
Zapis aktywności dymarskiej w aluwiach środkowej Czarnej Nidy (woj. świętokrzyskie) – studium przypadku
Authors: Przepióra Paweł , Kalicki Tomasz , Podrzycki Łukasz , Zubek Karol
Published: November 2024

Czarna Nida jest meandrującą rzeką trzeciego rzędu płynącą przez centralną część Wyżyny Kieleckiej. Jej zlewnia obejmuje fragment paleozoicznego trzonu Gór Świętokrzyskich i południowo-zachodnią część ich permsko-mezozoicznego obrzeżenia. Celem artykułu było rozpoznanie i interpretacja śladów aktywności metalurgicznej nadnidziańskiego regionu dymarkowego z okresu rzymskiego w aluwiach środkowego odcinka tej rzeki w przekroju poprzecznym Łaziska – Ostrów. Użyto metodę separacji magnetycznych sferulek (MSS – Magnetic Spherule Separation), stosowaną od niedawna na rzekach świętokrzyskich, gdzie rozwijała się różnowiekowa działalność metalurgiczna. W aluwiach równiny zalewowej Czarnej Nidy występują tylko nieliczne ślady działalności hutniczej. Mikrosferulki wykryto w wypełnieniach starorzeczy z okresu rzymskiego oraz aluwiach współczesnych, natomiast mikrożużle tylko w wypełnieniach starorzeczy średniowiecznych. Niewielka liczba mikroartefaktów w osadach związana jest najpewniej z okresową lub epizodyczną w długim okresie aktywnością prehistorycznego hutnictwa lub małą skalą produkcji. Ich występowanie w młodszych osadach jest efektem późniejszej redepozycji.
Acute coronary syndrome as the first symptom of vasospastic angina – case report of a 38-year-old man with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Gabryel Łukasz , Bugla Klaudyna , Pawłowski Tomasz , Gziut-Rudkowska Aneta
Published: November 2024

38-letni otyły mężczyzna chorujący na nadciśnienie tętnicze z dwudziestoletnim wywiadem nikotynizmu został przyjęty z powodu podejrzenia zawału serca z uniesieniem odcinka ST (ST elevation myocardial infarction – STEMI). W koronarografii nie wykryto istotnych zwężeń tętnic wieńcowych, co łącznie z objawami ostrego zespołu wieńcowego oraz zwiększonym stężeniem troponiny I pozwoliło na rozpoznanie zawału serca bez zwężeń w tętnicach wieńcowych (myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery – MINOCA) i implikowało przeprowadzenie diagnostyki różnicowej. Ze względu na obraz kliniczny przeprowadzono próbę prowokacyjną z acetylocholiną, która wskazała na naczynioskurczowe pochodzenie MINOCA. W celu zmniejszenia prawdopodobieństwa kolejnego epizodu zmieniono farmakoterapię i zalecono zmianę stylu życia.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Boerhaavia diffusa and Tribulus terrestris on Acute Kidney Disease in Dogs
Authors: Dawar Pooja , Singh Brejesh , Pradhan Shashi , Maravi Pushpendra , Pathak Salil Kumar , Singh Srashty
Published: November 2024

Background: A total of 24 dogs confirmed with acute kidney disease were randomly divided into four treatment groups each comprising 6 dogs. Additionally, six healthy dogs were selected as the healthy control group. Method: A total of 24 dogs confirmed for acute kidney disease were divided randomly into four treatment groups i.e., G2, G3, G4, and G5 each comprising of 6 dogs. Six healthy dogs were selected as the healthy control group (G1). Dogs of group G2 were treated with Enalapril, G3 were treated with Pulv. Boerhaavia diffusa, G4 were treated with Pulv. Tribulus terrestris and G5 with the combination of Pulv. Boerhaavia diffusa and Pulv. Tribulus terrestris. Supportive treatment was given as per the requirement in all the treatment groups. Result: Haematological parameters showed a significant decrease in Hb, TEC and PCV on day 0 (pre-treatment) in all dogs. Biochemical parameters revealed a significant increase in the values of serum creatinine, BUN, ALP, and AST levels while serum sodium concentration decreased. Proteinuria was observed on urinalysis. However, on day 30 (post-treatment) significant improvement was observed in the values of haemato-biochemical and urinary parameters.