bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional management for breast cancer patients
Authors: Kim Minjeong , Lee Minkyoung , Sa Jisun
Published: February 2025

Breast cancer is a complex disease influenced by environmental, genetic, dietary,
and hormonal factors. This underscores the importance of postoperative
nutritional management in supporting recovery, minimizing complications, and
enhancing long-term outcomes. This review synthesizes clinical guidelines,
expert recommendations, and observational studies to provide a comprehensive
overview of dietary interventions for breast cancer patients following surgery.
Post-surgical nutritional care is centered around three primary objectives:
supporting wound healing through high-quality protein intake, maintaining
optimal nutritional status to prevent malnutrition, and promoting healthy
lifestyle habits to reduce the risk of recurrence. To achieve these objectives,
postoperative dietary strategies focus on several key components: ensuring
adequate hydration for metabolic processes and tissue repair, consuming a
balanced diet rich in fresh vegetables and fruits to mitigate oxidative stress,
incorporating whole grains to support overall healing, and maintaining
sufficient intake of high-quality protein from sources such as fish, meat, and
dairy products to aid tissue repair and immune system recovery. Patients are
also advised to avoid alcohol, limit saturated fats, and reduce intake of salty,
sugary, and smoked foods to minimize inflammation. As research progresses, the
implementation of personalized dietary plans remains essential for optimizing
recovery outcomes in breast cancer patients.
Challenges from 14 years of experience at Workers' Health
Centers in basic occupational health services for micro and small enterprises in
Korea: a narrative review
Authors: Kong Jeong-Ok , Choi Yeongchull , Yang Seonhee , Jung-Choi Kyunghee
Published: February 2025

Health and safety issues in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) are recognized as
a global challenge. This study aimed to examine Workers' Health Centers
(WHCs) as a representative public organization providing occupational health
services to MSEs in Korea. WHCs were established in 2011 after a trial period
aimed at addressing occupational diseases in MSEs with limited resources. As of
2024, there are 24 WHCs, 22 branch offices, and 23 trauma counseling centers for
workers. These health centers are managed by the Korea Occupational Safety and
Health Agency, with their actual operation delegated to private organizations.
Each WHC employs an average of 13 staff members and is organized into four
specialized teams: cardiovascular disease prevention, workplace environment
improvement, musculoskeletal disease prevention, and occupational stress
management. These centers also offer common basic programs along with
region-specific specialized initiatives. In 2023, the total cumulative number of
users reached 203,877, with employees from MSEs comprising approximately 88.5%
of the total. WHCs can thus be seen as playing a pivotal role as case managers
of health requirements in the workplace by fostering strong relationships with
MSEs and linking them to other relevant programs through a
problem-solving-oriented approach. Given the limited resources of these
enterprises, proactive policies and the equitable application of safety and
health regulations are essential. A balanced strategy that combines regulatory
enforcement with practical assistance is critical to ensure the success of WHCs
in improving health and safety conditions in MSEs.
Nauczycielstwo jako zadanie biograficzne. Refleksje młodej badaczki
Authors: Gracz Florentyna
Published: February 2025

Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie warunków konstruowania tożsamości człowieka dorosłego pracującego jako nauczyciel. Człowiek rozwija się poprzez pracę i czerpie z tego radość. Aby człowiek mógł czuć radość z wykonywanej pracy, musi mieć świadomość, że dzieła i działania, które podejmuje, przynoszą satysfakcję i zaspokajają potrzeby odbiorców tych dzieł czy działań.Zadowolenie z pracy związane jest wobec tego z kontaktem z drugim człowiekiem oraz spełnieniem się poprzez zaspokojenie potrzeb innych. Praca nauczyciela polega na kontakcie z drugim człowiekiem. Nauczyciel może czerpać radość z kontaktu z rodzicem, dzieckiem, współpracownikami i czerpać satysfakcję z zadowolenia okazywanego przez członków społeczności szkolnej (współpracowników, przełożonych, rodziców uczniów i uczniów). Wywód oparty jest na badaniu fenomenologicznym. Materiał empiryczny został pozyskany w wyniku badań biograficzno-narracyjnych zrealizowanych w okresie od sierpnia do września 2023 roku. Łącznie przeprowadzono trzy wywiady z jedną rozmówczynią – nauczycielką. Analiza strukturalna pozwoliła na(re)konstrukcję warunków tworzących tożsamość nauczyciela.
Ormianie z Mołdawii, Bukowiny i Siedmiogrodu: Dokumenty i źródła dotyczące związków z Ormianami polskimi w XV–XIX wieku
Authors: Marynowski Marcin
Published: February 2025

Książka jest opracowaniem źródłowym ukazującym Ormian z Mołdawii, Bukowiny i Siedmiogrodu oraz ich związki z Ormianami polskimi. Źródła i dokumenty autor przez wiele lat zbierał w Rumunii, Republice Mołdawii i Ukrainie, a uzupełnił je wybranymi dokumentami z Polski. Rezultatem kwerend jest materiał źródłowy ukazujący Ormian na omawianym obszarze od XV do XIX wieku, z pojedynczymi odniesieniami do XX wieku. Dokumenty wystawiane były w wielu językach: niemieckim, łacińskim, węgierskim, polskim, rumuńskim (w tym także pisanym cyrylicą, tzw. slavonă), tureckim, a także w różnych dialektach ormiańskich. Problematyka książki, w tym charakterystyka źródeł, wybrana literatura, rozwój języka ormiańskiego i historia Ormian w Mołdawii i Siedmiogrodzie, opisane zostały w Części I.
Część II w dużej mierze ma charakter podzielonego tematycznie inwentarza. Otwiera ją fragment przetłumaczonej na język rumuński kroniki pt. Kamieniec Podolski albo Kronika Ormian z Polski i Mołdawii. Opublikowano wybrane firmany tureckie, a po nich dokumenty formalne (aktowe). Interesujące informacje o Ormianach i Polakach z lat 70. XVIII wieku pochodzą ze spisów ludności Mołdawii. Równie ciekawe są opisy Czerniowiec i Bukowiny po zajęciu przez Austrię. Szczególnym źródłem z Bukowiny jest treść dyplomu nobilitacyjnego Andrzeja i Szymona Daszkiewiczów. Na uwagę zasługują także dokumenty przetłumaczone z kolekcji ormiańskich dokumentów Muzeum Historii Mołdawii w Jassach. Siedmiogrodu dotyczą wypisy źródłowe z dokumentów prywatnych, a także bogaty materiał fotograficzny z archiwów, zwłaszcza w Klużu, pokazujący dokumenty i księgi ormiańskie. Źródła odnoszące się do Siedmiogrodu dotyczą głównie XVIII i XIX wieku, czasów po przejęciu przez Austrię zwierzchnictwa nad tymi ziemiami w 1699 roku. Są tu fragmenty dokumentów urzędowych wspominających Ormian spokrewnionych z polskimi, o czym świadczą zapisy ich nazwisk. Dołączono także niewielką liczbę dokumentów z Maramureszu, w tym o nieznanej treści. Książkę zamykają indeks osobowy, wykaz archiwów z Rumunii i Ukrainy, uzupełniony o dokumenty z Archiwum Głównego Akt Dawnych w Warszawie, oraz Bibliografia.
W Części III znalazły się fotografie źródeł wykonane podczas kwerend, umieszczone na płycie CD.
Inteligencia artificial y periodismo en tiempos de incertidumbre y volatilidad
Authors: Pinilla Escobar Fredy Alexander , Valle Jiménez Dune
Published: February 2025

El siguiente artículo tiene el objetivo de abordar los retos del periodismo relacionados con los avances tecnológicos, principalmente con la inteligencia artificial generativa y las transformaciones que se evidencian en categorías como la información, la independencia, el trabajo y los medios. A partir de una revisión de diversas fuentes documentales y bibliográficas, se lleva a cabo un análisis de la situación actual de los medios tradicionales y se propone un diagnóstico sobre los cambios que se presentan en Colombia. Se identifican los usos de la inteligencia artificial y se plantea una reflexión sobre la ética y los riesgos que se han presentado en las redes digitales con asuntos como las fake news, la desinformación y la manipulación. Al finalizar, se propone una discusión sobre la regulación y el acceso a estos sistemas en una sociedad en la que los grandes consorcios digitales monopolizan y concentran el poder sobre la comunicación, la ciencia y la tecnología.
3D Printed mode-selective micro-scale photonic lantern spatial (de)multiplexer
Authors: Dana yoav , Garcia Yehudit , Kukin Aleksei , Marom Dan
Published: February 2025

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a mode selective Photonic Lantern (PL) supporting three modes, measuring only 300𝜇𝑚 in length, for converting between three single-mode input sources and a single three-mode optical fiber. The PL is fabricated directly on a multi-core fiber serving as a source) using a commercial two-photon polymerization-based 3D printer. Despite the diminutive size and high index contrast of the polymer core/air cladding waveguides, we observed low insertion loss (less than -1.7 dB), low polarization dependent loss (less than -0.25 dB), mode dependent loss of −1.7𝑑𝐵, low wavelength dependence, and mode group cross-talk of less than −16𝑑𝐵. We demonstrate mode-group multiplexed transmission using our mode-selective multiplexer/demultiplexer pair and a short three-mode fiber link in an intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) experiment, recovering two 12.5𝐺𝑏/𝑠 signals
without MIMO processing.
Validation and user experience testing of DataCryptChain: An open-source standard combining blockchain technology with asymmetric encryption for private, secure, shareable, and tamper-proof research data
Authors: Franc Jeffrey Michael
Published: February 2025

DataCryptChain is an open-source standard combining blockchain with advanced encryption ensuring research data remains private, secure, shareable, and tamper-proof. Ability to detect intentional tampering of data was measured, and user experience was evaluated. In this study, simulated datasets were randomized to be tampered with or not tampered with, and detection of tampering was measured. Volunteer’s ability to complete assigned tasks using the software was evaluated. Among 10000 simulated datasets (4436 randomized to tampering) there was 100% sensitivity and specificity for detection. All volunteers successfully installed DataCryptChain and 5/6 completed their tasks. All participants were able to transmit data without ever exposing unencrypted data and with no need to share passwords. Several deficiencies in the user experience were noted. Importantly, the test users felt that although they would be willing to use DataCryptChain in practice, it would need a more user-friendly interface. This study demonstrates a novel algorithm using blockchain and asymmetric encryption that, although previously documented theoretically, has never been published as a working software package. While DataCryptChain has 100% sensitivity and specificity for detecting data tampering, further development is needed to improve the user experience.
Mutational alterations in the QRDR regions associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa of clinical origin from Savar, Dhaka
Authors: Arefin Md. Shamsul , Mitu Meftahul Jannat , Mitu Shomaia Yasmin , Nurjahan Azmery , Mobin Mir , Nahar Shamsun , Anjum Hasnain , Rahman M. Hasibur
Published: February 2025

Bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are the major targets of quinolone antibiotic, and mutational alterations in quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR) serve as major mechanism of resistance in most bacterial species, including P. aeruginosa. The present investigation was aimed to study the molecular mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance among clinical P. aeruginosa isolated from Dhaka, Bangladesh, including alterations in target sites of the antimicrobial action. Laboratory collection of 53 P. aeruginosa were subjected to conventional cultural and biochemical characterization, followed by molecular identification using 16S rDNA sequencing. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was tested by disc diffusion method followed by MIC assay. Resistant isolates were analyzed for mutation in their QRDR regions of gyrA and parC, and subjected to PCR detection of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes qnrA, qnrS and qnrB. Among the isolates, 28% were found to be resistant to both fluoroquinolones tested. All of the fluoroquinolone resistant isolates carried a single mutation in gyrA (Thr-83-Ile), while 20% carried a single parC mutation (Ser-87-Leu). Higher level of MIC was observed in isolates carrying alterations at both sites. None of the isolates harbored any PMQR genes investigated, suggesting that chromosomal mutations in QRDR regions to be the major contributing factor for quinolone resistance in P. aeruginosa under investigation.
Characterization of methane microseepage from natural gas reservoirs in mild climate: A case study of Xinchang gas field
Authors: Wang Haoqi , Tang Maoyi , Yun Huimin , Ke Zhourong , Wang Guojian , Huang Chongxin , Ji Weiwei , Pu Caixin , Tang Junhong
Published: February 2025

Methane microseepage from oil and gas fields significantly contributes to atmospheric methane level, making it a critical factor in global climate change. Therefore, accurate monitoring of surface flux and investigating migration mechanism are pivotal to evaluating and mitigating the impact of methane microseepage. In this study, methane microseepage from natural gas reservoirs in a mild climate was investigated, using Xinchang gas field as a case study. Soil samples were collected to analyze geochemical anomalies of acid-hydrolyzed hydrocarbons (AHH) and altered carbonates (AC). Surface methane flux from natural gas reservoirs were monitored, using a greenhouse gas analyzer and static gas collection chambers. Methane release patterns and migration mechanism were then discussed. Headspace and soil gas samples were collected to determine the hydrocarbon composition and carbon isotope profile. The results indicate that surface methane flux in Xinchang gas field is weak, exhibiting three release patterns: continuous, episodic, and flat. Spiked anomalies of AHH and AC co-exist in the test area, suggesting methane migration from reservoirs to surface. Hydrocarbon composition and carbon isotope profile in headspace and soil gas samples confirm thermogenic origin of methane. These findings offer new insights into the behavior of methane microseepage from natural gas reservoirs in mild climate. It is also suggested that close monitoring and stringent regulation of methane microseepage, as well as continuous investigation on factors affecting this phenomenon, are essential to the management of geological methane emissions. The conclusions of this work align with previous studies and are applicable to managing methane microseepage from oil and gas reservoirs in a wider scope.
Eliot’s Four Quartets and Heraclitus’ Philosophical Reflections on the Eternal Present
Authors:   The T. S. Eliot Society Of Korea, KIM Younghee
Published: February 2025

Four Quartets aptly conveys Eliot’s perspective on time. Unlike the conventional view of time, which divides it into past, present, future, and eternity, Eliot defines time solely as the eternal present moment. The present is where the past and future converge, holding significance as a singular moment. This notion reflects Heraclitus’ philosophy of the eternal present. Heraclitus likened time to an eternal river, asserting that everything in the world undergoes constant change with the passage of time. Thus, one cannot step into the same river twice; with every moment, the river flows on, and new water takes its place. Yet, the river itself remains constant in its presence. This represents the still point. Heraclitus’ concept of time remains relevant today and holds immense value when applied to our lives. Eliot perceives time as an eternal present within a timeless realm called the present, cautioning that the moment of death is inevitable. Through Four Quartets, which encapsulates Eliot’s reflections, we can seek eternal wisdom in an ever-changing world and cultivate the strength to build a better life and society.
Peran literasi keuangan syariah dan pendapatan terhadap utang konsumsi di Surabaya
Authors: Humainy Mahbub , Nasution Zubaidah
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze the influence of sharia financial literacy and family income on household consumption debt in Surabaya. This research method uses a quantitative approach through questionnaires to 115 house-holds in Surabaya. The sample in this study was Surabaya City house-holds, which the researchers obtained based on established criteria. The sample that met the criteria was 115 households. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression tests, which are processed through the SPSS application. The research results show that partial sharia financial literacy does not have a significant influence on household consumption debt, while family income has a significant negative influence on consumption debt. The better the sharia financial literacy, the higher the household consumption debt; on the other hand, the higher the income, the lower the consumption debt. The implications of the results of this research are that households play an active role in Sharia financial inclusion but do not understand or study Sharia financial literacy. The high level of household consumption debt is influenced by needs and lifestyle. The household income factor is wiser in its use, where households with higher incomes tend to have lower consumption debt.
El patrimonio biocultural de plantas comestibles silvestres como componente identitario de los pobladores de las sierras de Catamarca, Argentina
Authors: Trillo Cecilia
Published: February 2025

El conjunto de conocimientos y vivencias asociados a las plantas comestibles es un sistema complejo, inseparable del componente ambiental y en permanente cambio. A partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a colaboradores que habitan ambientes con bosque en la provincia de Catamarca, se indagó sobre el consumo de vegetales, órganos utilizados, prácticas desarrolladas y valoraciones asociadas a su consumo. Se calculó el índice de Importancia Cultural, y posteriormente se registraron propuestas sobre acciones futuras para mantener el conocimiento en la comunidad. Se registraron 62 taxones mencionados como patrimonio biocultural de plantas comestibles de los cuales el 50 % son objeto de prácticas de transformación y presentan los más elevados valores de Importancia Cultural. A pesar de los factores socioambientales que influyen de manera negativa sobre el patrimonio biocultural comestible de plantas silvestres y naturalizadas como el desprestigio, la urbanización y el cambio del estilo de vida, los colaboradores se identifican con territorios boscosos como componente de identidad y proponen actividades para mantener y re-activar el patrimonio biocultural comestible para las nuevas generaciones.
Enseñanza y práctica del ballet clásico
Authors: Bosch Fernández Martha , Bonnin-Arias Patricia
Published: February 2025

Esta publicación se presenta como una obra de referencia para quienes se encuentren inmersos en el análisis metodológico de la enseñanza del ballet clásico y su puesta en práctica. Diseñado para satisfacer las necesidades tanto de docentes como de estudiantes, estas páginas desgranan una exploración profunda y rigurosa de los principios y técnicas que sustentan esta disciplina artística. Redactado con un enfoque claro y didáctico, está orientado a facilitar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del ballet mediante una estructuración meticulosa. Cada capítulo está organizado para guiar al lector desde los conceptos básicos hasta las técnicas más avanzadas, permitiendo un aprendizaje progresivo y coherente. Con un lenguaje accesible, pero riguroso y respetuoso con el léxico técnico, adecuado tanto para docentes como para estudiantes, ofrece detalladas explicaciones que se acompañan de ejemplos prácticos y recomendaciones que facilitan la comprensión y aplicación. La combinación equilibrada de teoría y práctica se complementa, además, con ilustraciones de alta calidad. Basado en la tradición, la innovación, la experiencia y la investigación en danza y en su didáctica, este libro propone un método flexible que puede ser adaptado a diferentes niveles y estilos de enseñanza. De este modo, Enseñanza y práctica del ballet clásico. Un análisis metodológico no solo resulta una guía técnica, sino también una fuente de inspiración y conocimiento profundo sobre el ballet abocada a que la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de esta disciplina se conviertan en experiencias enriquecedoras, gratificantes y de gran calidad.
La contribución de América al Derecho Internacional
Authors: Díaz Barrado Cástor Miguel
Published: February 2025

Los países de las Américas han participado y contribuido de manera notable en la plena conformación del actual Derecho Internacional. La huella de las singularidades y peculiaridades americanas se ha plasmado en numerosas normas e instituciones de este ordenamiento jurídico, en especial, la presencia americana está entreverada en los principios estructurales del orden internacional. Sería equivocado exagerar para esgrimir la satisfactoria conclusión de que las Américas han construido un sistema jurídico propio, singular, autónomo y completo. Desde luego, no es así. Pero el sentir político y el alma jurídica de las Américas integran, con naturalidad, normas e institutos del Derecho Internacional Contemporáneo. Las contribuciones que han realizado los Estados de la región a principios y normas internacionales son amplias y variadas y, además, es bastante habitual que las Américas se hayan apropiado siempre de posiciones de vanguardia. De manera precoz, los países americanos han insistido en la necesidad de consagrar determinados principios esenciales del orden internacional y siguen abriendo el debate y la discusión en campos normativos en los que la adormecida comunidad internacional abriga actitudes tibias y dubitativas. La importancia del Derecho en el discurso y en los postulados americanos está fuera de toda duda, así como el asentado criterio de que la solidaridad continental es la que encarna el fundamento de los avances normativos en la región. El “Derecho Internacional Americano” sigue teniendo vigencia y vitalidad en la medida en que exhibe la perspectiva estrictamente americana del sistema jurídico internacional y, también, por su demostrada y reconocida capacidad de abordar nuevos ámbitos, reservados a la política internacional, para arrastrarlos al campo jurídico. La desorbitada fragmentación política, económica e institucional que habita en la actualidad en el continente americano es la que condiciona, sobremanera, los logros más significados en la conformación de un Derecho peculiar y, sobre todo, en la proyección de las tesis jurídicas americanas al plano universal. Pero, así y todo, la realidad jurídica americana pervive con la presencia de una visión continental o hemisférica, teniendo asegurada su continuidad porque los enfoques de las Américas, y en particular de los países latinoamericanos, se sustentan en dos nociones básicas e imprescindibles para el Derecho Internacional: el universalismo y el humanismo.
Fibrations of classifying spaces in the simplicial setting
Authors: Franz Matthias
Published: February 2025

In this note we show that in the simplicial setting, the classifying space construction converts short exact sequences of groups not just to homotopy fibrations, but in fact to fibre bundles.
Effect of different protease on the hydrolysis degree and antigenicity of cow milk protein
Authors: Chu Xiaojun , Li Ling , Fang Ruosi , Li Guipu , Xiong Lina , Liu Donghong
Published: February 2025

Cow milk protein (CMP) has high nutritional value and is a common food additive, but its allergenicity has raised concerns. In this study, we investigated whey protein and casein hydrolysis as a potential method of lowering CMP antigenicity. We tested three endo-type proteases (neutral protease, papain, trypsin) and one exo-type protease (flavourzyme). We applied response surface methodology to obtain optimized conditions for each enzyme, decreasing antigenicity by >75 %. Maximum hydrolysis of whey protein and casein was achieved with a combination of proteases (1:1.5 papain to flavourzyme, 1:2 and 1:1.5 neutral to flavourzyme in whey protein and casein, respectively). Antigenicity rates declined by 85–92 % across all treatments. The proportion of small-molecular-weight components in enzymatic hydrolysate rose 87–90 %, indicating low antigenicity. Experiments using protein hydrolysates and in vitro simulated digestion tracts revealed decreasing antigenicity as digestion proceeded. Our findings have important implications for the development of hypoallergenic milk products.
The Challenging Terrain of Critical Infrastructures – A Geopolitical Perspective
Authors: Gehringer Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

With intensifying weaponized conflicts and authoritarian tendencies across countries, geopolitical risks related to critical infrastructure (CI) have increased. However, views on what exactly constitutes CI, what risks are associated with it, especially when control of it is ceded to foreign operators, and what strategies are best suited to manage these risks and make CI more resilient, vary widely among experts in the field and among governments and institutions concerned with CI protection and resilience. This paper compares the existing concepts and approaches adopted in the scientific work and across major developed economies to identify and manage risks related to CI, focusing on geopolitical aspects of CI protection and resilience. It eventually postulates that a comprehensive and coherent framework is needed to address the underlying (geopolitical) risks and thus achieve more resilient CI systems. Especially in the European Union, a more active and systematic dialog is required to enhance the common understanding of critical infrastructures, their sectoral and transboundary interdependences and the role of resilience therein. Failing to do so in a context of intensifying geopolitical tensions could turn the new mantra of “de-risking” strategies into an empty phase.
Hohensalzburg Digital: Engaging the Public via a Local Time Machine Project
Authors: Antenhofer Christina , Matschinegg Ingrid , Brandstätter Walter , Zedlacher Stefan
Published: February 2025

Hohensalzburg Digital is a Digital Humanities project realized at Salzburg University and dedicated to digitally process and connect room- and object-related information taken from written sources and from building history data on Hohensalzburg Castle. Via digital interfaces, we create the basis for an Austrian Local Time Machine Project on the castle, a popular landmark. In three steps, the project opens up cultural heritage digitally for scientific community and international public alike: (1) The first part is dedicated to digital processing and exploring historical sources on rooms of the castle, their furnishings and function, from the earliest sources dating back to the sixteenth century until 1816 when Salzburg became part of the Habsburg Empire. (2) The second part connects the historical information deduced from the written sources with the results of building research and other work on realia, for example, on the famous tiled stove in the Goldene Stube (Golden Chamber). The digital room book created in this way allows a new comprehensive view on the development, furnishings, and use of the rooms and the whole building as a social space for the people who lived there. (3) The final part prepares the data for incorporation in the Europe Time Machine.
Evaluating the Impact of Optimizer Hyperparameters on ResNet in Hanacaraka Character Recognition
Authors: Sudewo Egidio Bagus , Kunta Biddinika Muhammad , Umar Rusydi , Fadlil Abdul
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the performance of various optimizers on a ResNet-18 based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for the task of recognizing Hanacaraka Javanese script characters. The image dataset is divided into three sets: training, validation, and test, with image sizes of 64 × 64 pixels and a batch size of 64. The tested optimizers include SGD, Adam, RMSprop, Adagrad, Adadelta, NAdam, and Adamax, all with a learning rate of 0.001 and trained for 10 epochs. The results show that NAdam provides the best performance with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score values reaching 100 %, followed by Adamax with metrics above 97 %. Adam and Adagrad also demonstrate high performance with metric values above 97 %. Meanwhile, SGD shows fairly good performance with an accuracy of 93.72 %, and Adadelta shows adequate performance with an accuracy of 86.58 %. RMSprop yields the lowest performance with an accuracy of 81.74 %. Accuracy and loss graphs indicate that Adam and Adadelta offer the best balance between training and validation performance, while RMSprop and NAdam exhibit significant instability. This study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate optimizer to achieve optimal performance in Hanacaraka character classification, with NAdam and Adamax being the best choices.
Patient-specific 3D-tissue slices from peritoneal metastases – An in vitro model for individual susceptibility analysis
Authors: Etzold Christian , Lyros Orestis , Mehdorn Matthias , Nowotny Robert , Niebisch Stefan , Jansen-Winkeln Boris , Schierle Katrin , Gockel Ines , Thieme René
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) is poor, and these patients have a brief overall survival. Most patients with advanced PM receive palliative therapy to maintain their quality of life. In our current study, we investigated whether patient-specific 3D-tissue slices from patients with PM subjected to pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy could be cultured in vitro.

Methods

Biopsies from gastric cancer patients with PM were characterized for cytokeratin-positive tumor cells and the proliferation marker Ki-67. Biopsies from seven patients were cut to 350 µM thick slices in a standardized manner, cultured with 10 µM 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, or irinotecan for 96 h, and then examined histopathologically and via immunohistochemistry for persistent cytokeratin and Ki-67 expression.

Results

In vitro cultured slices revealed a similar morphology to un-cultured specimens, and Ki-67-positive tumor cell areas were present after 96 h. The total amount of tumor cells per slice was determined by pan-cytokeratin staining. In the doxorubicin-treated slices, the cytokeratin-positive tumor cell fraction and proliferative (Ki-67pos) cells were decreased. Patient-specific 3D-tissue-slice cultures from peritoneal biopsies were cultured in vitro for up to 4 days.

Conclusions

Potentially, these cultures are a reliable model to evaluate the chemosensitivity of patients with PM. Further investigation is needed to match the chemosensitivity with the clinical course of these patients.
Experimental Study on the Salt Migration Behavior of Coarse-Grained Saline Soils Subgrade under Strong Evaporation Environment
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Xi , Zhang Yong Zhi , Liu Ji Lin
Published: February 2025

This paper studied saline soil’s water and salt migration behavior under evaporation conditions by a self-designed experimental device, and the evolution law of the water content, conductivity, and temperature in different heights of saline soil roadbeds was analyzed. The test results show that at an ambient temperature of 18°C, the water-salt migration of saline roadbed is mainly concentrated in the early stage of hydration (≤48 h), which shows a typical phenomenon in which salt in the soil follows the water and the conductivity of soils increases synchronously with the water content. Under the evaporation condition, the decreased rate of water content was accelerated in the sample area near the heat source, resulting in a constant increase in the rate of conductivity and a wider salt aggregation area. Further, a critical subgrade height prediction model is established based on the maximum salt and water migration height in saline soil roadbeds with the help of Hydrus numerical simulation software. The model analysis results show that the migration rate of salts gradually lags behind that of water because the burial depth of groundwater increases under evaporation conditions. When the burial depth of groundwater is <1.5 m, the change of water-salt migration of the roadbed is gradually stabilized, and the height of salt erosion area on saline soil roadbed no longer rises. The research conclusions can guide the design level of the structure of saline soil roadbeds under evaporation conditions.
Improving Students’ self-directed learning through visual novel games: its effectiveness and potential
Authors: Prayogi Mochamad Danuadjie , Prihatin Titi
Published: February 2025

The Merdeka Curriculum introduces Natural and Social Science (NSP)/Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial (IPAS) subjects to improve science literacy among primary school students. However, in one of the public elementary schools in Semarang, teachers still dominantly use the lecture method and textbooks, causing the science understanding of class 5A students in the 2023/2024 school year to remain low, as seen from the unsatisfactory results of daily tests and STS. This study aims to develop learning media through IPAS-based visual novel educational games with a Development Research approach using the ADDIE method and a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The sample consisted of 30 students from class 5A who were selected by purposive sampling. The game media was developed using the Ren'Py application and validated by media and material experts. The validation results showed the game had a very high level of validity. The effectiveness test showed increased self-directed learning with an N-Gain value of 0.73, indicating that the game is quite effective. The visual novel game ‘Earth and Environment’ is expected to help teachers overcome the limitations of digital media in IPAS learning and improve students' self-directed learning ability.
Applying User Centered Design and System Usability Scale to Design Knowledge Management System for Exam Proctors in Higher Education
Authors: Shabrina Salsabila Kurniawan  , Nandhita Zefania Maharani  , Dana Indra Sensuse  , Erisva Hakiki Purwaningsih  , Deden Sumirat Hidayat
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This research aims to develop a system interface design solution to address the university’s knowledge management problem with exam proctors. Developing a knowledge management system is expected to maintain the integrity of examinees and reduce the risk of plagiarism. This research identifies user needs in business processes and maps them to relevant features based on previous research.
Methods: This research adopted a user-centered design methodology in developing interface design solutions, which consisted of four stages: understanding the context of use, specifying user requirements, designing solutions, and evaluating against requirements. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and a system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire was employed for design solution evaluation.
Result: This research identified the needs of business processes in higher education in the context of exam proctors and mapped them to a suitable feature solution. Recommendations for information architecture and knowledge management system design implementation in higher education were also provided. This research achieved a SUS score of 74.8, indicating that the developed system met users’ needs.
Novelty: This research provides a practical implementation of developing a knowledge management system in higher education with user-centered design.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, UREMIC TOXINS AND MICROBIOTA
Authors: Rumanli Zeliha , Vural Ismail Mert , Alp Avci Gulcin
Published: February 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that is associated with a number of serious cardiovascular comorbidities. These are caused by the accumulation of uremic retention solutes (URS) like protein-bound uremic toxins, which include indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and trimethylamine N-oxide. These toxins are metabolized from dietary precursors by the gut microbiota and liver enzymes. Elevated levels of uremic toxins intensify renal and cardiovascular tissue damage by augmenting oxidative stress and inflammation, culminating in adverse outcomes such as atherosclerosis, fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Kidney transplantation has been demonstrated to normalize these URS levels, thereby underscoring the pivotal role of renal function in the clearance of these toxins. Conversely, alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota may provide a potential avenue for the reduction of uremic toxin levels and the associated complications. In this review, studies from the 2020-2024 period were examined, and the microbiota taxa that are particularly relevant to uremic toxin production were grouped. Additionally, their roles in the pathophysiology of CKD were addressed, thereby underscoring the significance of the gut-kidney axis. In the study, the taxa that have attracted attention in studies conducted in the relevant years were discussed separately according to their phylum, family, genus, and species.
Lesiones del carpo asociadas a fracturas del radio distal: correlación artroscópicotomográfica
Authors: Laboranti Agustina , Lazzari Mateo , Pérez Lloveras Gabriel Octavio , Casen Infante Franco Gabriel , Rognoni Tomás Mariano , Posse Raúl Alejandro , Otero Consoli Macarena , Colombato Francisco , Casserá Franco , Caloia Martín
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La fractura del radio distal representa una de las fracturas más frecuentes. La prevalencia de lesiones intercarpianas asociadas llega al 70%. Estas lesiones impactan en los resultados funcionales cuando pasan desapercibidas durante el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. El propósito de este estudio fue establecer una correlación entre la tomografía computarizada y la artroscopia para diagnosticar lesiones intercarpianas asociadas a fracturas del radio distal.
Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó retrospectivamente a 146 pacientes de 18 a 65 años, con fractura del radio distal, operados con asistencia artroscópica y estudiados con radiografías y tomografía computarizada prequirúrgicas. Se evaluaron las lesiones del fibrocartílago triangular, ligamentarias y osteocondrales, y las fracturas de los huesos del carpo, según criterios imagenológicos prestablecidos, tomando como patrón de referencia diagnóstico a la artroscopia. Se determinó la precisión diagnóstica de la tomografía para estas lesiones.
Resultados: Para lesiones del fibrocartílago triangular, la sensibilidad fue del 84%; la especificidad, del 65%; el valor predictivo positivo, del 77% y el valor predictivo negativo, del 10%. Para lesiones del ligamento escafolunar, la sensibilidad fue del 61%; la especificidad, del 62%; el valor predictivo positivo, del 60% y el valor predictivo negativo, del 63%. Para lesiones osteocondrales, la sensibilidad fue del 55%; la especificidad, del 87%; el valor predictivo positivo, del 22% y el valor predictivo negativo, del 97%.
Conclusión: No hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la tomografía computarizada y la artroscopia para el diagnóstico prequirúrgico de lesiones intercarpianas asociadas a una fractura del radio distal.
Tenodesis extrarticular lateral de Lemaire modificada en pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros. Nota técnica
Authors: Pauletti Felipe , Masquijo Julio Javier
Published: February 2025

La incidencia de lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior en deportistas esqueléticamente inmaduros ha aumentado, de manera exponencial, en los últimos años. Si bien se han desarrollado numerosas técnicas que permiten estabilizar la rodilla minimizando el riesgo de lesión fisaria, la reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior en pacientes jóvenes sigue vinculada a una alta tasa de fracaso del injerto. El ligamento anterolateral ha despertado un considerable interés recientemente debido a su papel en la estabilidad rotatoria anterolateral. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la técnica quirúrgica utilizada por los autores para realizar una reconstrucción combinada del ligamento cruzado anterior y tenodesis anterolateral en pacientes con fisis abiertas que presentan un riesgo elevado de re-rotura del ligamento cruzado anterior.
The antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of bee products against certain bacteria
Authors: Ozdikmenli Tepeli S.
Published: February 2025

Antibiotics are employed worldwide for both prevention and therapeutic purposes against infectious diseases on dairy farms. Recurrent infections frequently arise from biofilm-forming bacteria. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oak honey, honeycomb capping, and propolis against certain biofilm-associated and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The total phenolic content (TPC) values for propolis, honeycomb capping, and oak honey samples were 298, 128, and 72 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g, respectively. Oak honey showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (<0.08%) against the strong biofilm of non-blaCTX-M Serratia fonticola-1. Propolis had the lowest MIC value (<0.03%) against the weak biofilm of blaCTX-M positive Citrobacter braakii, and the moderate biofilm of non-blaCTX-M S. fonticola-2. The MIC values of all bee products showed a significant decrease upon interaction with 1% boric acid for all strains. Moreover, propolis has shown the ability to reduce 96% of the biofilm biomass of Citrobacter braaki after 24 h. The results show that bee products, used for medicinal purposes since ancient times, have emerged as a viable alternative against environmental pathogens.
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of photopolymers: A new protocol for 3D-printed materials
Authors: Schittecatte Laura , Bonamy Daniel , Guenoun Patrick , Liénard Antoine , Nguyen Thuy , Geertsen Valérie
Published: February 2025

This work provides a complete methodology to measure the storage modulus of vat 3D-printed polymers via Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) which could enable real intercomparison of printing materials mechanical performance. We propose an 8-step methodology that includes the determination of the linear viscoelastic region (LVER) and the glass transition temperature (Tα), as well as a stress relief annealing post-treatment that is proven to significantly reduce the dispersion of 3D-printed samples. The methodology applied to various 3D-printed resin samples, achieving repeatability and reproducibility values comparable to those of a reference molded PMMA.

Graphical abstract
A synchrotron X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy study of vanadium-doped UO2
Authors: Murphy Gabriel L. , Marquardt Julien , Klinkenberg Martina , Shirokiy Daniil , Kegler Philip , Henkes Maximilian , Bukaemskiy Andrey , Richter Selina , Braga Luiza , Hennig Christoph , Bosbach Dirk
Published: February 2025

The doping of UO2 ceramics with transition metal elements such as vanadium is a topical enterprise due to the relevance to advanced technology nuclear fuels in addition to understanding fuel-cladding interactions in spent nuclear fuel. Herein, the lattice and microstructural dependence of V-doped UO2 ceramics synthesized under conditions of − 420 kJ/mol and 1700 °C with elemental additions of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm was established using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Microstructural analysis indicates moderate growth of the UO2 grain structure is achieved with V doping, but not as appreciable as gold-standard Cr-doped UO2. Collected diffractograms, analysed using the Rietveld method, indicate similar levels of solubility of V in comparison to Cr-doped UO2 under like conditions. The results of this investigation were discussed in relation to current structural models of lattice incorporation of transition metals in UO2.

Graphical abstract
Programming of cardiac implantable electronic devices for conduction system pacing: an information and practical review
Authors: Lebedeva V. K.
Published: February 2025

Conduction system pacing is widely used as an alternative to right ventricular pacing and, in some cases, as an alternative to biventricular pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Proper programming of an implantable electronic device is essential to ensure patient safety and maximize the benefits. The aim of this article is to provide information on the practical aspects of programming His bundle and left bundle branch pacing and subsequent monitoring.
A revision of the pterodactyloid pterosaur Herbstosaurus pigmaeus Casamiquela, 1975 from the Late Jurassic of Argentina
Authors: EZCURRA MARTÍN D. , FERNANDES ALEXANDRA E. , ROIG MARCOS , VON BACZKO MARIA B.
Published: February 2025

Abstract Herbstosaurus pigmaeus Casamiquela, 1975 is a Late Jurassic pterosaur from northwestern Patagonia. It is based on the natural moulds and a few bony patches of the sacrum, prepubis, ilium, and both femora of a small-sized specimen. The phylogenetic relationships of this species have been a matter of debate, having been originally interpreted as a theropod dinosaur and subsequently as a pterosaur, either as an indeterminate pterodactyloid or a probable dsungaripteroid. However, a detailed and updated reassessment of its anatomy was still lacking. Here, we redescribe and compare the holotype and only known specimen of Herbstosaurus pigmaeus. We agree with previous authors in that the specimen is diagnostic to the species level and provide an emended diagnosis, including two autapomorphies. Quantitative phylogenetic analyses consistently find Herbstosaurus pigmaeus as deeply nested within the Pterodactyloidea and as a member of the Dsungaripteroidea. The dsungaripteroid affinities of Herbstosaurus pigmaeus are weak, based solely on femoral character-states, but is the most parsimonious hypothesis with the evidence at hand. The recognition of Herbstosaurus pigmaeus as a deeply nested pterodactyloid expands the taxonomic diversity of the pterosaur record of southwestern Gondwana during the Late Jurassic.
Cry 1F and Cry 2Ab2 proteins survey in maize landraces and teosinte cultivated in Alto Jequitinhonha region
Authors: Rossini Laize Cristina , Veloso Ronnie Von dos Santos , Oliveira Josimar Rodrigues , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , Costa Márcia Regina da , Silva Ricardo Siqueira da
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Maize landraces diversity is important for many smallholder and indigenous populations. Gene flow constitutes a threat to the genetic conservation of several locally adapted maize landraces and, risk management depends on monitoring transgenic occurrence in non-GM maize. This study evaluated the occurrence of exogenous proteins from GM-maize in maize landraces and teosinte cultivated in the Alto Jequitinhonha region, State of Minas Gerais. Gene flow from GM maize to non-transgenic varieties was evaluated in eight maize groups and one teosinte variety. A transgenic maize variety was used as a positive control. Proteins Cry1F and Cry2Ab2 were monitored using the Protein Detection Assay kit (Envirologix QuickStix® kit protocols for detecting Cry1F and Cry2Ab2 proteins). Transgenic proteins were not detected in the leaves of landraces and teosinte cultivated in the Alto Jequitinhonha region.