bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UCR-ELTA: Constructing a Standardized Proficiency Test for English Teachers in Costa Rica
Authors: Araya Garita Walter , Céspedes Araya Jennifer
Published: February 2025

In this article, the most relevant principles for creating a sound assessment cycle to start building and systematizing a validity assessment argument based on the decision making processes for the design and foundation of the test called Universidad de Costa Rica - English Language Teacher Assessment (UCR-ELTA) are presented. The theoretical analysis supports the need for (1) the contextualization of a standardized test for English teachers’ language proficiency in Costa Rica, (2) the reflection on the requirements that this test must comply with, (3) the acknowledgement  of the arguments in favor and against this type of testing, and (4) the description of  the processes of test design, implementation, validation, and improvement; the UCR-ELTA parameters and validity of interpretation are better founded as a result. This leads to the conclusion and recognition not only of (a) the fact that this test has considerable benefits to better understand the characteristics of the proficiency level of the target population, but also of (b) the fundamental need to create an explicit and transparent assessment system which allows to foresee and attend to all those issues that might negatively affect the target population.
DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTIONS IN QUANTUM DOT MOLECULAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Shanef Alaa A. , AL-Mukh Jenan M.
Published: February 2025

Theoretically, we analyze the effect of electron-phonon interaction in the dynamics of an electron trapped in a benzene-shaped quantum dot-molecule. The molecule consists of six small quantum dots coupled locally to a phonon bath. The tight-binding model is used to write the model Hamiltonian and to derive the set of equations of motion of different types of benzene quantum dot-molecules. The time-dependent model has a numerically exact solution, producing rich dynamics. The values of time-dependent occupations strongly depend on the electron-phonon coupling. A notable result of the present work is that one can tune the energy levels of quantum dots, the quantum contacts energy levels, and the benzene quantum dot-molecule configuration to enhance or diminish the heat flow between electrons and phonons in molecular junctions. This study contributes to the dynamic and expanding field of quantum dot molecular systems, providing insights for broader technological applications.
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of the Bacteroides fragilis group strains isolated at a teaching hospital in China
Authors: Wu Zhi Cheng , Feng Hong Xin , Wu Lin , Zhang Meng , Gu Zheng
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China, from January 2019 to December 2023. A total of 316 consecutive non-duplicate isolates were collected and identified, that belonged to the Bacteroides fragilis group. Identification of the isolated strains was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of seven antibiotics was determined by agar dilution method. The presence of cfiA, ermF, and nim genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Correlations between the presence of resistance genes and the MIC values of antibiotics were determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. In the identification process, 214 isolates (67.7%) were identified as B. fragilis, 52 (16.4%) as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, 17 (5.4%) as Bacteroides ovatus, 12 (3.8%) as Bacteroides uniformis, 10 (3.2%) as Phocaeicola vulgatus (=Bacteroides vulgatus), 7 (2.2%) as Bacteroides stercoris, and 4 (1.3%) as Parabacteroides distasonis. The presence of cfiA gene moderately correlated with the MIC of imipenem and meropenem (r = 0.34 and r = 0.42, respectively), while resistance to clindamycin and the presence of ermF gene exhibited a very strong correlation (r = 0.72). In the current study, the most active antimicrobial agents against B. fragilis group bacteria were found to be meropenem, imipenem, metronidazole, and piperacillin/tazobactam; however, resistance to clindamycin renders its empirical use inappropriate.
Application of Fixed Implant Superstructures following Multi- Stage Maxillary Reconstruction in Osteosarcoma Patients: A case report
Authors: Miyamoto Sho , Dehari Hironari , Tokura Takaaki , Sasaki Takanori , Igarashi Tomohiro , Shimura Shunichi , Nishiyama Koyo , Mori Kenya , Yotsuyanagi Takatoshi , Miyazaki Akihiro
Published: February 2025

Extensive resections of the maxillary bone often result in significant defects that affect oral functions such as speech and chewing. Although dentomaxillary prostheses are common, they frequently lead to instability and reduced chewing ability. Vascularised bone grafts, including the fibula, are increasingly used to address these challenges due to their anatomical suitability and functional restoration benefits. Despite advances, problems remain, including insufficient bone height for stable implantation. A 60-year-old Japanese woman presented with swelling of the right maxilla and nasal obstruction and was diagnosed with osteosarcoma. Following chemotherapy and partial maxillary resection, she experienced discomfort with dentomaxillary prosthetics, prompting subsequent reconstruction with fibula and particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM) grafts. This patient was taking methotrexate regularly for rheumatoid arthritis, so there was concern that she would be immunosuppressed. Therefore, we did not choose a zygomatic implant, which would be difficult to control in the event of infection. In addition, the fibula alone was insufficient for reconstruction; sufficient vertical and horizontal bone augmentation was required, and we chose a combination of titanium mesh and PCBM that met these requirements. Sequential implant procedures culminated in fixed superstructures that significantly improved occlusal function and prosthetic stability over a 6-year follow-up period. This case highlights the challenges of prosthetic instability following maxillary resections and demonstrates the effectiveness of multi-stage reconstructions using fibula grafts and PCBM for alveolar ridge augmentation. The structured approach to maxillofacial reconstruction provides valuable insights into optimizing functional outcomes following surgical procedures and highlights the importance of tailored treatment strategies in complex maxillofacial cases.
Management of dental implant components following abutment screw loosening: A case report
Authors: Wadhwani Chandur , Yin Shi , Froum Scott , Fong Hanson , Chung Kwok-Hung
Published: February 2025

Management of implant abutment screw loosening should go beyond simply retightening the abutment screw. This case report highlights the need to check all components for damage before disinfection and re-tightening if possible. Major concerns include the implant-abutment connection site, screw, and debridement of the internal implant surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopic exam of the debris removed after cleaning demonstrated the presence of titanium metal particles and biological material. Protocols should be developed to address these issues before reattaching the implant restoration.
Two Conventional Implants versus Four Mini-Dental Implants to Retain Mandibular Overdentures: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes
Authors: A. Araby Yasser , Hameed Shaul K.
Published: February 2025

Background and objective: It is essential to compare conventional dental implants (CDIs) and Mini-Dental Implants (MDIs). This systematic review evaluates the clinical and radiological outcomes of individuals receiving MDI-retained overdentures (ODs) compared to CDI-retained ODs.

Materials and methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for the current systematic review. The PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were examined for evidence-based research articles addressing the clinical and radiological outcomes of MDI and CDI published from January 2013 to September 2024. Two independent specialists conducted an autonomous search and established predefined screening criteria. The risk of bias (RoB) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was evaluated using the criteria established by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions for scientific merit.

Results: The informational database and manual searches produced 242 papers. Eight RCTs were examined after eliminating duplicates and organizing the publications according to the qualifying criteria. MDI-retained ODs have been shown to provide numerous benefits, including reduced bone resorption, enhanced aesthetics, occlusion, and tooth location, improved occlusal load direction, and maintenance of occlusal vertical dimension.

Conclusion: The current systematic review suggests that using mini-dental implants to retain overdenture prostheses could be a viable alternative treatment option due to the high survival rates, acceptable marginal bone loss, and improvements in patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life metrics.
Competencias docentes y análisis curricular de la educación en bioética en siete programas de ciencias de la salud: Un estudio transversal de Paraguay
Authors: Chaux Alcides
Published: February 2025

Antecedentes: La educación en bioética es esencial para desarrollar competencias éticas en profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, existe evidencia limitada sobre su implementación en programas de ciencias de la salud, particularmente en países en desarrollo.
Objetivo: Evaluar la integración de la educación en bioética en programas de ciencias de la salud mediante el examen de los niveles de formación docente y la implementación curricular en una universidad privada de Paraguay.
Métodos: Este estudio transversal analizó registros académicos de 105 docentes (tasa de respuesta del 34.7 %) y planes de estudio de siete programas de pregrado en ciencias de la salud durante 2020–2021. La recolección de datos incluyó demografía docente, formación en bioética, contenido curricular, metodologías de enseñanza y estrategias de evaluación. El análisis cuantitativo empleó estadística descriptiva y pruebas de chi-cuadrado, mientras que el análisis cualitativo examinó documentos curriculares.
Resultados: Solo el 2 % de los docentes tenía calificaciones formales en bioética, mientras que el 24 % reportó formación no formal. El programa de Enfermería mostró tasas significativamente más altas de docentes con formación en bioética (71 %) en comparación con otros programas (0–22 %, P=0.03). Todos los programas, excepto Psicología, incluyeron principios éticos en sus declaraciones de misión, pero la implementación se limitó a cursos únicos obligatorios (34–85 horas) con métodos de enseñanza tradicionales basados en clases magistrales. Se encontraron variaciones significativas en el momento de la educación en bioética entre programas, desde el segundo hasta el décimo semestre.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos revelan brechas sustanciales entre las aspiraciones institucionales y la implementación real de la educación en bioética, caracterizada por una limitada formación docente y una integración curricular fragmentada. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de mejorar el desarrollo docente, revisar el plan de estudios e implementar estrategias de enseñanza innovadoras para fortalecer la educación en bioética en los programas de ciencias de la salud.
Gentility in Early Modern Wales: The Salesbury Family, 1450–1720
Authors: Jarrett Sadie
Published: February 2025

Early modern Wales was a place of opportunity for the gentry. The Acts of Union with England granted them powers to govern their local communities, the Reformation enabled them to add former monastic lands to their estates, and burgeoning global expansion encouraged them to seek fortunes abroad. Early modern Wales was also a place in transition. The gentry navigated a complex relationship with their English neighbours and found themselves cultivating a new identity as Cambro-Britons. This book is an exciting new study of how one Welsh gentry family, the Salesburys of Rhug and Bachymbyd, negotiated the changing expectations of gentility in early modern Wales. From this in-depth analysis, the book finds that the Welsh gentry were status-conscious and opportunistic, but Welshness remained fundamental to their sense of self. This is further enhanced by considering the early modern Welsh gentry within a wider global context for the first time.
Welsh Not: Elementary Education and the Anglicisation of Nineteenth-Century Wales
Authors: Johnes Martin
Published: February 2025

The Welsh Not was a wooden token given to children caught speaking Welsh in nineteenth-century schools. It was often accompanied by corporal punishment, and is widely thought to have been responsible for the decline of the Welsh language. Despite having an iconic status in popular understandings of Wales’s history, there has never before been a study of where, when and why the Welsh Not was used. This book is an account of the different ways children were punished for speaking Welsh in nineteenth-century schools and the consequences of this for children, communities and the linguistic future of Wales. It shows how the exclusion of Welsh was not only traumatic for pupils but also hindered them in learning English – the very opposite of what it was meant to achieve. Gradually, Welsh came to be used increasingly in Victorian schools, making them more humane places but also more effective mechanisms in the anglicisation of Wales.
Profile of Patients Admitted to the Nephrology Department of Thies Regional Hospital Center (Senegal) From 2019 To 2021
Authors: A Dieng , B Ndiaye , MS Diawara , Co Dieng , M Souaré , MM Cissé
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This work reported on the profile of patients hospitalized in the nephrology unit of the regional hospital of Thies in Senegal from 2019
to 2021.
Hyperkalemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Managed with and without Dialysis
Authors: DA Méndez , JD Díaz García , IR Sánchez , DC Sánchez Guerrero , RR Mejía , CA Bello Soto , JHC Cervantes , S Méndez Balcázar , F Fabián Rodríguez , LE Vázquez Martínez , E Joachín Sánchez , G Yáñez Boy , I López Pérez , AR Vera
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Hyperkalemia is commonly asymptomatic in chronic kidney disease (CKD), with the result that not taking it into account continues to
be fatal. The main objective was to determine the frequency of hyperkalemia in patients with and without dialysis in Mexico.
Antički kamenolom u uvali Srebrena na otoku Visu – tragovi eksploatacije kamena u podmorju
Authors: Bezak Jurica
Published: February 2025

Stručni tim Odjela za podvodnu arheologiju Hrvatskog restauratorskog zavoda proveo je tijekom rekognosciranja podmorja otoka Visa 2012. – 2013. i 2018. godine podvodno arheološko istraživanje uvale Srebrena. Prethodno obavljena kopnena istraživanja otkrila su jedan od najstarijih kamenoloma na istočnoj obali Jadrana, datiran u period antike. Pregled i istraživanje podmorja polučio je tragove početka iskorištavanja kamenoloma, ostatke jednostavnog pristana za brodove i nalaz jedne olovne prečke antičkog sidra.
En plaque convexity hyperostotic meningioma: 69 cases from a singlecenter
Authors: Kozlov A.V. , Efremov K.V. , Galkin M.V. , Kvan O.K. , Ryzhova M.V. , Strunina Yu.A. , Titov O.Yu. , Tanyashin S.V.
Published: February 2025

Background. To date, 16 cases of en plaque hyperostotic meningioma of the convexity have been described. There are no clinical guidelines for the treatment of such patients. Objective. To study the factors influencing the results of surgical treatment of en plaque convexity hyperostotic meningioma, to formulate the appropriate decision-making algorithm. Material and methods. A retrospective total group of 69 patients with en plaque convexity hyperostotic meningioma who underwent surgery at Burdenko Neurosurgical Center between 2014 and 2023. We analyzed clinical manifestations, tactics and results of surgery and radiotherapy using statistical methods. Results and discussion. Total resection of small local non-infiltrative hyperostotic meningioma not involving the superior sagittal sinus did not cause neurological deterioration. In case of spread infiltrative hyperostotic meningiomas, the best results (including regression of intracranial hypertension in all cases) were obtained after non-radical surgeries (resection of hyperostosis without wide excision of the dura or even without dura opening). Extent of resection of involved dura and intracranial tumor did not affect relapse-free survival. Additional morbidity at discharge from the clinic was 35%, after ≥6 months — 16%. The most common (27.5%) complication was pseudomeningocele. Redo surgery rate for pseudomeningocele — 7%, hematomas — 7%, wound infection — 6%. There were no mortality in the series. Radiotherapy increased relapse-free survival without statistical confirmation. Conclusion. Total resection provides optimal results in patients with small convexity hyperostotic meningioma and no brain invasion. Resection of hyperostosis and expansive cranioplasty are preferable for large and giant convexity hyperostotic meningioma involving venous sinuses and / or the brain.
HARDI-CSD tractography in determining the structure of diencephalic pathways in craniopharyngiomas
Authors: Ivanov V.V. , Konovalov A.N. , Zakharova N.E. , Afandiev R.M. , Pogosbekyan E.L. , Pronin I.N. , Shkarubo A.N. , Kalinin P.L.
Published: February 2025

Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor in adults and children characterized by local invasion of surrounding brain structures. HARDI-CSD tractography is one of the modern MR methods for comprehensive visualization of functionally significant conduction pathways. Objective. To determine the possibility of visualizing some structures of chiasmatic-sellar region and third ventricle (hypothalamic-pituitary tract (pituitary stalk), optic pathways, fornix, mammillothalamic tract) using HARDI-CSD tractography in patients with suprasellar craniopharyngiomas, especially after failed CT and standard MRI of these structures. Material and methods. A pilot study included 4 patients (2 adults and 2 children) with craniopharyngiomas who underwent surgical treatment at the Burdenko Neurosurgery Center between January and July 2024. Patients underwent MR tractography before and after surgery. Results. HARDI-CSD tractography reconstructed optic tracts in 3 patients before and after surgery. Simultaneous visualization of several structures (pituitary stalk, fornix, optic tracts) was performed before and after surgery in 1 case. These data were useful for planning surgery and evaluating postoperative outcomes. In one patient, imaging of mammillothalamic tract was obtained after resection of large cystic intra-extraventricular craniopharyngioma. Conclusion. HARDI-CSD tractography provides valuable information about basal cerebral pathways (optic pathways, pituitary stalk, fornix, mammillothalamic tract) when planning and evaluating the results of surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas.
Selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Smolyankina E.I. , Zinenko D.Yu.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To analyze the results of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) in children with hereditary spastic paraplegia (Strumpell disease, HSP). Material and methods. SDR was performed in 8 patients with genealogical or genetic verification of HSP between 2022 and 2024. Mean age of patients was 10.3±4.9 years. We analyzed the results via testing spasticity and goniometry before surgery, on the third postoperative day and in delayed postoperative period. Mean follow-up period was 11±7.5 months. Results. All children improved lower limb movements. There was regression of spasticity in most cases. Three children had significant impairment of movements in some joints due to orthopedic deformities. No regression of the post-surgery movements level and even increase later in some cases was observed. There were no complications. Conclusion. SDR is effective and safe in patients with HSP. Long-term follow-up of larger samples is required.
The promises and perils of a free rural inter-city transportation scheme: A mixed-methods study from Northern Saskatchewan
Authors: Alhassan Jacob Albin Korem , Fuller Daniel , Woytowich Ron
Published: February 2025

Objective

Transportation is a critical health determinant, yet the last decade has witnessed rapid disinvestment across Canada (particularly in rural contexts) with negative health consequences. We sought to explore and describe the benefits and challenges faced in operating the first community-driven free-transportation scheme in Saskatchewan that emerged in response to widespread unavailability of public transportation due to budget cuts (austerity).

Methods

We conducted a mixed-methods community-based participatory research study involving 22 interviews with bus riders and service administrators. We also performed descriptive statistics and chi-squared analyses on bus rider data (data on 1185 trips routinely collected between July 2023 and December 2023) to explore sociodemographic characteristics and trip purposes of bus riders.

Results

All trips were completed by 616 community members using the free bus service between July 2023 and December 2023. Community members took an average of 5 trips (median = 2.0) with a maximum of 22 trips being taken by one community member (1.9% of all trips). Most trips were by women (53%), and older adults mostly used the free bus for medical purposes (22% of riders were older adults and 34% of these used the bus for medical reasons). Qualitatively, the bus service has increased access to care and promotes social participation and autonomy, especially for older adults. The service however faces some challenges, including funding disruptions and difficulty recruiting and retaining drivers.

Conclusion

Free inter-community transportation (i.e. transportation across cities and municipalities) promotes health equity and access. In contexts without access to public transportation, governments could support community-driven initiatives through increased funding.
Why School Olympiad Winners Are Excluded from Highly Selective Universities
Authors: Горбунова Елена , Маюкова Екатерина , Овакимян Елена , Павлюк Данила
Published: February 2025

This paper sheds light on opinions of reasons of dropout of students enrolled at university as Olympiad winners. This phenomenon is considered using the case of a highly selective university, which has faced a significant increase in the share of enrolled by Olympiads for state-funded places in the past few years. The study is carried out using a qualitative methodology, based on interviews with the organizers of the Olympiad movement and students of the Department of Mathematics and the Department of Computer Science. The individual and institutional reasons for the expulsion of students-winners of the Olympiads are singled out and the recommendations are proposed to reduce the dropout rate.
Factors Supporting Independence of Children during Transition to School. Theoretical Overview
Authors: Нисская Анастасия , Чувилина Арина
Published: February 2025

Among the challenges faced by first-graders at the beginning of schooling, a special place is occupied by the development of independence, including in learning activities. It requires cognitive initiative, the ability to independently plan, predict and implement learning activities, to control and evaluate them. At the same time, the skills of independence (everyday, communicative, cognitive) developed in preschool age can be leveled in the case of a difficult transition to school.
The question arises as to what ways to support children's independence during the transition from kindergarten to school are described by modern researchers and practitioners. 
Analysis of the literature has allowed us to formulate an idea of the complex nature of this support. Among its factors, attention and consideration of the age-psychological and individual characteristics of the child can be highlighted; the supportive and consistent position of the family and the involvement of parents in education; the rejection of universal strict requirements in favor of flexibility, sensitivity to the needs of the child and encouraging his independence in preschool education; adequate teacher expectations for the child, the possibility of individualization of education and purposeful development SENG is in the first grade; consistency ("continuity", "continuity") of goals, approaches and methods of organizing the educational process in the family, preschool organization and school.
Forming Critical Thinking: The Role of Students’ Epistemic Beliefs and Styles of Learning in Russian Universities
Authors: Тарасова Ксения , Талов Даниил , Щеглова Ирина , Пащенко Тарас , Беляева Анастасия
Published: February 2025

The role of epistemic beliefs in the formation of critical thinking with the direct use of an active approach in teaching in the context of higher education in Russia was studied within the framework of the presented research. In particular, a hypothesis of existence of a mediation effect of epistemic beliefs that enhances the effect of active school practices on the development of critical thinking was tested.
To check the interrelationships between critical thinking and individual school practices, Spearman's correlation analysis was carried out. At the second stage of the study, factor models were constructed to form overall scale scores of epistemic beliefs and active school practices, and correlation analysis was performed within the framework of structural equation modeling.
The analysis of the results showed that active pedagogical practices can not only directly develop critical thinking through teaching argumentation and analysis of ideas, but also form an idea of self-development possibility. That is why in teaching, it is important to pay attention not only to cognitive skills, but also to influence students' attitudes. Further research in this area can be aimed at studying the practices of forming epistemic beliefs.
In Situ Hybridization -Mendelsohn et al 2025 v1
Authors: Mendelsohn Alana
Published: February 2025

This protocol outlines the steps for preparing mouse brain tissue for In Situ Hybridization from Mendelsohn et al 2025.
Data mining approach in detecting inaccurate financial statements in government-owned enterprises
Authors: Gadžo Amra , Suljić Mirza , Jusufović Adisa , Filipović Slađana , Suljić Erna
Published: February 2025

he study aims to assess the capability of various data mining techniques in detecting inaccurate financial statements of government-owned enterprises operating in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Inaccurate financial statements indicate potential financial fraud. Prediction models of four classification algorithms (J48, KNN, MLP, and BayesNet) were examined using a dataset comprising 200 audited financial statements from government-owned enterprises under the supervision of the Audit Office of the Institutions in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results obtained through data mining analysis reveal that a dataset encompassing seven balance sheet items provides the most comprehensive depiction of financial statement quality. These seven attributes are: opening entry of accounts receivable, profit (loss) at the end of the period, operating assets at the end of the period, accounts receivable at the end of the period, opening entry of operating assets, short term financial investments at the end of the period, and opening entry of short-term financial investments. By employing these seven attributes, the MLP algorithm was implemented to construct the most precise predictive model, achieving a 76% accurate classification rate for financial statements. Leveraging the identified attributes, a mathematical model could potentially be formulated to effectively predict financial statements of government-owned enterprises in FBiH. This, in turn, could considerably facilitate the process of selecting GOEs for inclusion in the annual work plan of state auditors. Presently, due to resource constraints, government-owned enterprises in FBiH do not undergo regular annual scrutiny by state auditors, with only 10 to 15 such enterprises being subject to audits each year. The results of this research can also be beneficial to both the public and the Financial Intelligence Agency in the FBiH. The paper contributes to filling the gap in the literature regarding the applied methodology, particularly in the part concerning the attributes used in the research.
New results on system of variational inequalities and fixed point theorem
Authors: Benhadid Ayache , Brahimi Mahmoud
Published: February 2025

In (Croat. Oper. Res. Rev, 13(1), 131-135, (2022).) A. Benhadid showed by a counterexample that a number of publications in the research on the variational inequalities system contains inaccurate results about applying the Lipschitz continuity concept in relation to both the first and second variables during the proof of the main theorem on the part of authors. In this paper, We suggest to applying fixed point theorem to correct the main results of some publications.
Análisis de las acciones técnico-tácticas del portero de fútbol en competición en la etapa de formación
Authors: Alcaraz-Montoya Álvaro , Sainz de Baranda Pilar
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to analyze those technical-tactical actions performed by the goalkeeper in the offensive and defensive phases throughout the competition in the training stage in soocer. For this purpose, 471 actions belonging to eleven matches of the second category U16 of the FFRM were analyzed. The participant is a U-16 male goalkeeper. From each of the actions the following variables were analyzed: (a) obtaining the mobile, (b) goalkeeper action, (c) displacement prior to the offensive action, (d) length, (e) orientation, (f) accuracy, (g) completion in shot, (h) type of previous action, (i) micro-space of center, (j) part with which he centers, (k) micro-space of finishing, l) player who finishes, m) part with which the shot is taken, n) physical action performed, o) displacement, p) stretching, q) defensive technical action, r) intensity of the action, s) safety in handling, t) action micro-space, u) shooting micro-space, v) goal.The most significant results indicate that: a) the most performed action is the pass with the foot, b) where the goalkeeper moves the mobile is mainly towards his own field, c) the ball mainly reaches the goalkeeper through the action of a teammate , d) the main defensive technical action of the goalkeeper is the blocking action, e) the intensity of the actions is maximum, f) the goalkeeper secures the mobile at the first time, and g) where he usually intervenes the most is the goal area. These data reflect that most of the attacks made by the opponent are blocked by the goalkeeper in the vicinity of his goal, in turn being actions that require maximum intensity, and also using with dominance the foot to initiate offensive actions in his own field and a high participation in the collective play of the team to initiate offensive actions. Finally, it should be noted that these conclusions are useful for coaches to identify the objectives and contents to plan and work on in their sessions for goalkeepers, to choose and orient their tasks, and to be able to provide better training in the formative stage.
Binge-Watching Netflix? Insights From Data Donations
Authors: Es Karin Van , Nguyen Dennis
Published: February 2025

Netflix is often credited with mainstreaming binge-watching through its release strategy and interface features. However, despite this reputation, data on actual consumption patterns remains scarce, enabling Netflix to shape the narrative about how content is consumed on its platform and what this implies about content quality and viewer attentiveness. This article provides unique empirical insights into Netflix viewing patterns in the Netherlands, based on a pilot study involving data donated by 126 subscribers. It introduces a definition of binge-watching tailored for computational analysis and offers an empirical understanding of its prevalence and manifestations. The findings suggest that binge-watching is a diverse and complex activity. While it is seemingly popular, in that it is practiced by many subscribers, the data suggest it occurs less frequently and is less extreme than would be expected from the hype.
The Interpretation of the Legislative Concept of Public Control in the Work of Individual Local Public Chambers (Councils)
Authors: Kokotova M. A.
Published: February 2025

The paper aims to find and describe the differences between the legal structure of public control and its implementation based on the results of implementing Federal Law No. 212-FZ dated 21.07.2014 «On the Foundations of Public Control in the Russian Federation» by local public chambers (councils). The author examined the data on the implementation of public control from the official websites of local public chambers (councils), the list of which was taken from the relevant official websites of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The author analyzed 5 % (19 websites) out of the total number of websites of constituent entities of the Russian Federation where information about public chambers was found. The author carried out the analysis of legislation and municipal legal acts regulating the relations in question, as well as documents of public chambers (councils) on the implementation of control from 2019 to 2023. The author concludes that public control is used primarily as a form of assistance to citizens provided by local governments, while the provisions of the Federal Law «On the Foundations of Public Control in the Russian Federation» fixing the list of control objects are interpreted broadly, and the provisions regulating the composition of information to be posted by control entities based on the results of verification activities are restrictive.
The Institution of Challenging Decisions on Bringing to Administrative Responsibility in the Arbitrazh (Commercial) Courts of the Russian Federation: Genesis and Current State
Authors: Mukhtarova O. S.
Published: February 2025

The paper elucidates the genesis and current state of the institution of challenging administrative decisions on bringing to administrative responsibility in arbitrazh courts. The periods of the Soviet Union during perestroika, as well as the modern Russian Federation, are widely covered. The paper points out the problem of an unreasonably high burden on arbitrazh courts due to complaints against administrative bodies. The paper describes the characteristics of participants involved in the arbitrazh procedure regulated under Article 207 of the Commercial Procedural Code of the Russian Federation (CPC RF). The paper dwells on problems related to the definition of the subject matter jurisdiction of the arbitrazh court and the differences between cases considered under the norms of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and cases considered under the norms of the CPC RF. In addition, the author provides the cases of the most common strategies employed by applicants regarding pointing out the insignificance of the offense and the attitude towards small businesses. The author proposes to amend Article 210 of the CPC RF to expand the grounds for the mandatory appearance of a representative of an administrative body, as well as Article 207 of the CPC of the Russian Federation, allowing the self-employed to be considered possible applicants in arbitrazh (commercial) courts on an equal basis with individual entrepreneurs.
Regulatory and Social Foundations of the Information Legislation Codification in the Russian Federation
Authors: Deyneko A. G.
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the debate on the expediency of codifying information legislation has been gaining momentum. Some researchers deny its necessity referring to the lack of examples of such codification in the world, the vagueness of the subject matter of legal regulation, the mixing of private and public regulation and the negative consequences for the information technology industry. Upon careful consideration, all these arguments are easily refuted. Other authors, following the «legal fashion» of recent years, talk about the need to adopt the Digital Code of the Russian Federation. It is difficult to agree with such a proposal, since this will divide information relations into two unequal parts, provoke conflicts in legislation and it is not fully adequate to the technical nature of information relations. The paper provides new arguments in support of the third group of researchers who advocate the need to develop the Information Code of the Russian Federation. This task is more difficult than the development of a Digital Code, but it is precisely this path that is determined by the current state of affairs in the industry and the logic of the development of information legislation. The paper also contains a range of social grounds in support of such a codification
Forms of Trade Secrets in the Digital Economy
Authors: Fedorov P. G.
Published: February 2025

The use of digital technologies in entrepreneurial activity expands the boundaries within which it is possible to identify and subsequently use commercially relevant information. The digital economy, on the one hand, creates an environment where businesses are able to implement the actual or potential value of information that constitutes a trade secret more widely, and, on the other hand, it creates new risks in the information environment that businesses may not be ready for. It is becoming relevant to search for new manifestations of trade secrets in the digital environment. The main purpose of the study is to substantiate the pattern of changes in views on commercially significant information in the digital economy. A secondary goal is to disclose the possible practical use of digital technologies when working with information that constitutes a trade secret. The stated goals determine the task of rethinking the very institution of trade secrets under the pressure of new technologies. Methodologically, the study is based on comparison, analysis, synthesis, and modeling. The study described a number of perspectives for rethinking the institution of trade secrets. The use of digital technologies is not recognized as an obligatory factor in the functioning of commercial secrets in the new conditions, but the involvement of such technologies in the business sphere can expand the horizons of the range of information constituting a commercial secret, as well as lay the foundation for an approach to secrecy protection in which any deliberate act of violating it is outlawed. Under the current legal regulation and established judicial practice, failure by the owner of the trade secret to perform the formal actions listed in the paper may lead to the conclusion that the trade secret regime has not been established, and this legalizes the actions of the offender.
Applicability of Contract Law Principles to Relations between Participants in Civil Law Communities
Authors: Vasiliev A. S. , Kalistratov A. A.
Published: February 2025

The paper substantiates the applicability of contract law principles to relations between majority and minority participants in civil law communities. Majority shareholders, by suppressing the will of minority shareholders in making decisions at the meeting, have obligations to conduct someone else’s business, which are of a contractual nature. The volitional principle in the relations of various participants in civil law communities and parties to the agreement is compared. Studying corporations, whose bodies represent the most doctrinally developed civil law communities, we demonstrate both the fundamental possibility of applying the principles of contract law to relations arising between the participants of a corporation, and the possibility of determining the content of legal relations between them. The paper presents arguments in favor of the fact that the relations between participants in a number of civil law communities are similar to the relations that arise between the parties to a contract of adhesion. It is substantiated that the content of relations between majority and minority shareholders, regardless of the type of civil law community, should be based on provisions on representation. Depending on the type of civil law community, the standard of conduct of the strong party to the contract of adhesion, the provisions of contract law that take into account the characteristics of the subjects as persons carrying out entrepreneurial activity are also applicable. It is proposed to formulate standards of conduct for majority shareholders depending on the type of civil law community in the law. However, in the absence of such norms, it is proposed to rely on the provisions on representation, contractual types and structures, and general provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation when formulating the standard of conduct for majority shareholders.
Limitation Period for Labor Disputes in the Views of Scientists: Controversial Proposals for Improving Labor Legislation
Authors: Tolkachev N. S.
Published: February 2025

The paper examines doctrinal proposals aimed at developing the institution of limitation period in labor legislation. The relationship between the limitation periods for the labor dispute commission (LDC) and the court is considered. Based on the analysis of the norms dedicated to bodies for the consideration of individual labor disputes, the concept of a single limitation period for the Labor Dispute Commission and the court was formulated. The thesis on the devaluation of the significance of statutes of limitations in the absence of time limits for filing an appeal to the State Labor Inspectorate (GIT) and the prosecutor’s office in the context of protecting labor rights is critically examined. The conclusion is substantiated that the absence of such terms does not provide the employee with any advantages or the opportunity to abuse the right on this basis. From the point of view of the competence of the State Labor Inspectorate and the Prosecutor’s Office, the inconsistency of the position on establishing in legislation time limits for appeals to the State Labor Inspectorate and the Prosecutor’s Office was established. As the only exception, due to the possible violation of the rights of third parties (the new employee), it is proposed to establish a preclusive period for applying to the State Labor Inspectorate to conduct an investigation into the legality of the dismissal. The author criticizes the idea of establishing statutes of limitations for self-defense of labor rights in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The employer’s right to restore the limitation period is examined from the standpoint of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and civilistic doctrine.
Countering Nazism and Extremism: A Selective Study of Judicial Practice under Part 1 of Article 20.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation in the Context of Current Legislation
Authors: Skoblikov P. A.
Published: February 2025

The paper analyzes the results of the application of Part 1 of Article 20.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, reflected in judicial statistics in Russia as a whole, and makes proposals to improve the forms of statistical accounting in this part. The paper presents and systematizes the results of a selective analysis of final court decisions issued in cases of administrative offenses involving the public display or propaganda of Nazi emblems or symbols, or emblems or symbols similar to Nazi ones to the point of confusion, or emblems or symbols of extremist organizations, as well as other emblems, symbols, propaganda or public display of which are prohibited by federal laws. The gaps and contradictions in the legislation on issues of liability for the said public demonstration and propaganda are noted, and it is shown how these shortcomings manifest themselves in specific court cases. The locations and objects of illegal actions in the cases included in the sample are described and summarized, and the courts’ justifications (or the lack of justification) for classifying these objects as prohibited symbols or attributes are presented. The approaches used by the courts to the study and consideration of the subjective side of acts qualified under Part 1 of Article 20.3 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation are analyzed. It was concluded that, as a rule, courts avoid determining the form of guilt of persons to whom punishment is assigned and do not establish the motives for the act. The logic of sentencing for the acts in question, reflected in the studied judicial acts, is summarized, and proposals for adjusting the amount and types of punishment provided for in the law are substantiated. Based on empirical material, individual problems of providing legal assistance to persons held liable under Part 1 of Article 20.3 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation are examined, and issues of other legal consequences for those found guilty, in addition to the actual punishments, are also touched upon.
Forensic Investigation of Distributed Information
Authors: Smushkin A. B.
Published: February 2025

The paper notes the increasing importance of a new form of information–distributed information. The author analyzes legal events that necessitate forensic research of distributed information, as well as the most frequently committed crimes using distributed information services. The basic rules for the functioning of distributed information systems are defined. It is stated that most often in the practice of investigation there is a need to study file-sharing networks and their variety such as torrents. The basics of file-sharing networks are considered. Taking into account the conducted research, the author’s classification of file-sharing networks is proposed. The paper defines the main forensically significant tasks of studying file-sharing networks. These include: restoration of the entire information object from parts; identification of the user and his identifiers; proof of the user’s awareness of the content of the information objects in his possession; proof of intent to distribute; the principles of solving the above problems are considered sequentially. In the course of a comparative study of holding file-sharing network providers accountable, it was found that, unlike many foreign countries, in Russia there is virtually no legal basis for holding a peer-to-peer network provider accountable (but even in the latest generation of networks, the provider has virtually no control over the content of the network). It is noted that most investigators have insufficient knowledge in the area under consideration. It seems urgently necessary to organize periodic advanced training courses that cover new technologies and the principles of their research.