bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energieeffizienz — Die Balance zwischen Produktion und Verbrauch
Authors: Lehmden Alexander , Kuhlemann Clemens
Published: October 2010

Durch die Neufassung der europäischen Gebäuderichtlinie kommt es zu einem Paradigmenwechsel bei der Gebäudeplanung. Zukünftig werden Gebäude, Gebäudetechnik und Energiequellen gemeinsam bewertet und optimiert werden. Das Ziel ist, kostengünstig einen niedrigen Primärenergieverbrauch und damit geringe Treibhausgasemissionen zu erreichen, ein Ziel, das aktuelle Hauskonzepte der Ziegelindustrie, wie z. B. das e4‐Hauskonzept oder Sonnenhaus, schon heute erreichen.

Energy Efficiency — The balance between production and consumption. The recast of the European building directive will change the way of designing and evaluating buildings in Europe. In Future the building envelope, technical building systems and energy carriers should be harmonized resulting in low Primary energy demand and Greenhousegas emissions. New house concepts of the brick industry like the e4 house or solar house fulfil these requirements already today in an affordable way.
One‐Pot Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Thioselenophosphinates via a New Multicomponent Reaction of Secondary Phosphanes with Elemental Sulfur, Selenium, and Amines
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Gusarova Nina K. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Mamatyuk Victor I. , Gatilov Yurii V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: October 2010

The multicomponent reaction between secondary phosphanes R2PH (R = Ph, arylalkyl, hetarylalkyl), elemental sulfur, selenium, and primary, secondary, or tertiary amines to afford the corresponding mono‐, di‐, and trialkylammonium thioselenophosphinates has been discovered. The atom‐economic reaction proceeds under mild conditions (ethanol/toluene, 40–70 °C, 40 min) to give the target alkylammonium thioselenophosphinates in high yields (up to 94 %).
Call‐level performance analysis of a W‐CDMA cell with finite population and interference cancellation
Authors: Kallos Georgios A. , Vassilakis Vassilios G. , Logothetis Michael D.
Published: October 2010

We study the effect of Interference Cancellation (IC) on the Call Blocking Probabilities (CBP), in the uplink of W‐CDMA networks supporting multiple service‐classes with finite number of traffic sources. We propose an approximate but recurrent formula for the calculation of the system state probabilities and CBP that captures the IC efficiency parameter, as well as other parameters peculiar to W‐CDMA networks such assoft blockinganduser activity. To this end, we describe the state transition diagram of the W‐CDMA system by one‐dimensional Markov chain. The analytical CBP results are compared with simulation results in order to verify the validity of the proposed formulas and reveal their accuracy. In addition, we show the consistency of our analysis when the number of traffic sources becomes infinite. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mobile application prototype using network coding
Authors: Pedersen Morten V. , Heide Janus , Fitzek Frank H. P. , Larsen Torben
Published: October 2010

This paper looks into implementation details of network coding for a mobile application running on commercial mobile phones. We describe the necessary coding operations and algorithms that implements them. The coding algorithms forms the basis for a implementation in C++ and Symbian C++. We report on practical measurement results of coding throughput and energy consumption for a single‐source multiple‐sinks network, with and without recoding at the sinks. These results confirm that network coding is practical even on computationally weak platforms, and that network coding potentially can be used to reduce energy consumption. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐examining the QUICKEST algorithm for two‐dimensional incompressible fluids
Authors: Le San
Published: October 2010

Davis and Moore's two‐dimensional QUICKEST algorithm is presented in detail to give an explicit description of how upwinding terms are treated based on flow direction. Among the finite difference methods used in fluid dynamics, QUICKEST is easy to implement and remains stable over long times and a wide range of Reynolds numbers. By giving a comprehensive discussion of all the aspects of this algorithm, including staggered grids, advancing velocity in time, enforcing incompressibility, and choice of boundary conditions, the main challenges to coding are overcome. Vortex shedding simulations are shown for Reynolds numbers from 250 to 10 000 and times as high as 288 s. Comparisons were made for Strouhal number with Davis and Moore's results as well as the experimental data of others. Streakline plots and coefficients of drag and lift were also compared with their original paper. To further test the algorithm, additional simulations were made for flow over a backward‐facing step and Poiseuille flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reading the Weather
Authors: Schneider von Deimling Thomas , Rahmstorf Stefan
Published: October 2010

Learning from climate history: Temperature fluctuations and greenhouse‐gas concentrations have been recorded for centuries. Researchers in Potsdam are using measurements from the past to optimise future scenarios for global warming
Of Pickelhauben and Pistols
Authors: Jäger Jens
Published: October 2010

The police in the public eye: The state's first line of defence is the public's perception of the police, not the actual police force itself
Treasure Chamber Number Two
Authors: Bienert Hans‐Dieter
Published: October 2010

Gold mine for archaeologists: Seven years after their first coup a team of researchers discovers another untouched burial complex in the royal palace at Qatna
Tiniest Parts, Greatest Benefit
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Kamps Thomas
Published: October 2010

Microsystem technology: How engineers are seeking new ways of making components
Physics – Simply Beautiful
Authors: Unterstell Rembert
Published: October 2010

An award‐winning series of photographs on the work of Collaborative Research Centre 484. CRC Spokesman Dieter Vollhardt on top‐level research and outstanding images
Intramolecular cyclization of N‐hetarylphosphinimidic isocyanates in the synthesis of 1,7‐dihydro‐4H‐imidazo[4,5‐d][1,3,2]diazaphosphinin‐4‐one (2‐phosphapurine)
Authors: Anatoliy P. Marchenko , Georgiy K. Koydan , Anastasia S. Huryeva , Radomyr V. Smaliy , Aleksandr A. Yurchenko , Anatoliy N. Alekseenko
Published: October 2010

It has been found that N‐(4‐imidazolyl)phosphinimidic isocyanates obtained by the reaction of the corresponding chlorophosphine N‐hetarylimide with alkali metal cyanates can undergo intramolecular heterocyclization to yield previously unknown phosphapurine derivatives containing an endocyclic PN double bond. This radically novel approach to building the 2‐phosphapurine system shows promise for the synthesis of related phosphorus‐containing fused heterocycles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:453–455, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20617
Über die Oxydation von Mangan(II)‐hydroxyd mit molekularem Sauerstoff
Authors: Feitknecht W. , Marti W.
Published: October 2010

1. Es wird die Oxydation von Mangan(II)‐hydroxyd und von ammoniakalischen Mangan(II)‐salzlösungen mit Sauerstoff und Wasserstoffperoxyd verfolgt. Röntgenographisch und analytisch sind die folgenden Oxydationsprodukte festgestellt worden: oxydiertes Manganhydroxyd, Mangan(II(, (III)‐Doppelhydroxyd, Hausmannit, Hydrohausmannit, α, β, γ‐MnOOH, Mangan(II)‐manganit. Die Bedingungen, unter denen sich diese Verbindungen bilden, werden im einzelnen beschrieben.
Zur Kenntnis der Formoltitration
Authors: Treadwell W. D. , Bergsland Jon
Published: October 2010

1. Die Verstärkung der Aminosäuren in verdünnter wässriger Lösung durch Formaldehyd wurde untersucht und hierbei weitere Stützen dafür geliefert, dass die Säureverstärkung auf einer spontanen lockeren Anlagerung des Formaldehyds an die Aminosäure beruht.
Production de l'ozone au moyen d'une lumière ultra‐violette intermittente: lampe à vapeur de mercure avec dispositif d'interruption; étincelles entre électrodes de zinc
Authors: Briner E. , Karbassi H.
Published: October 2010

Des essais comparatifs ont été faits sur la production de l'ozone au moyen 1° de la lampe à mercure en lumière continue ou intermittente, avec ou sans interposition d'un filtre; 2° de l'étincelle entre électrodes de zine.
Über den Einfluss von Lösungsmittel und Temperatur auf die Stärke von Aminosäuren
Authors: Lönning Thor J. G. , Treadwell W. D.
Published: October 2010

Es wurde die scheinbare Dissoziationskonstante von Glykokoll in wässrigem Aceton von 47,7 Vol. proz. und in Propionaldehyd von 10 Gew. proz. mit der Glaselektrode gemessen.
Über die Viskosität wässriger Lösungen von Pektinstoffen, besonders von Natriumpektaten
Authors: Deuel H. , Weber F.
Published: October 2010

Die umfangreiche Literatur über die Viskosität von wässrigen Pektinlösungen zeigt, dass die komplizierten Viskositätsverhältnisse bei Betrachtung des Pektins als heteropolares Linearkolloid verständlicher werden.
Zur Kenntnis des Abbaues der Aminosäuren im tierischen Organismus. 8. Über die komplexe Natur der d‐Aminosäure‐oxydase
Authors: Edlbacher S. , Wiss O.
Published: October 2010

1. Der Abbau verschiedener d‐Aminosäuren durch gereinigte d‐Aminosäure‐oxydase wird durch verschiedene l‐Aminosäuren in ganz verschiedner Weise beeinflusst.
Protein‐resistant polyurethane by sequential grafting of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) via surface‐initiated ATRP
Authors: Jin Zhilin , Feng Wei , Zhu Shiping , Sheardown Heather , L. Brash John
Published: October 2010

Protein‐resistant polyurethane (PU) surfaces were prepared by sequentially grafting poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (poly(OEGMA)) via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (s‐ATRP). The chain lengths of poly(HEMA) and poly(OEGMA) were regulated via the ratio of monomer to sacrificial initiator in solution. The surfaces were characterized by water contact angle and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The protein resistant properties of the surfaces were assessed by single and binary adsorption experiments with fibrinogen (Fg), lysozyme (Lys), and lactalbumin (Lac). The adsorption of all three proteins on the sequentially grafted poly(HEMA)‐poly(OEGMA) surfaces (PU/PH/PO) was greatly reduced compared with the unmodified PU. Adsorption decreased with increasing poly(OEGMA) chain length. On the PU/PH/PO surface with longest poly(OEGMA) chain length (∼100), the decrease in Lys adsorption was in the range of 95–98% and the decrease in Fg and Lac adsorption was >99% compared with the unmodified PU. Adsorption from binary protein solutions showed that the PU/PH/PO surfaces resisted these proteins more or less equally, that is, independent of protein size. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Synthetic elastin hydrogels that are coblended with heparin display substantial swelling, increased porosity, and improved cell penetration
Authors: Tu Yidong , Mithieux Suzanne M. , Annabi Nasim , Boughton Elizabeth A. , Weiss Anthony S.
Published: October 2010

Synthetic elastin hydrogels are useful tissue engineering scaffolds because they present cell binding sequences and display physical performance similar to that of human elastic tissue. Small pores and a low porosity can limit cellular penetration into elastin scaffolds. To overcome this problem, glycosaminoglycans were coblended with tropoelastin during the formation of synthetic elastin hydrogels. Heparin and dermatan sulfate increased the pore size and porosity of the hydrogels. Heparin was particularly effective as it enlarged the pore size from 6.6 ± 2.1 μm to 23.8 ± 8.5 μm, and generated structures occasionally separated by finely fenestrated thin walls, which allowed human dermal fibroblast cells to migrate as deep as ∼300 μm into the hydrogel under diffusion‐limiting static culture conditions. Most cells displayed spindle‐like morphology, appeared histologically normal and presented intact nuclei, as expected for a viable population. Hydrogel swelling studies showed that each of the hydrogels contracted as the temperature was raised from 4°C to 37°C; synthetic elastin‐heparin was least affected by temperature with a contraction of only 22.4 ± 1.2%, which would facilitate its transition from cold storage to body temperature. All hydrogels displayed similar compression moduli of 5.5 ± 0.4 to 6.9 ± 0.6 kPa. Compressive elastic energy losses for synthetic elastin‐heparin and synthetic elastin were 33.7 ± 1.3% and 31.7 ± 2.2% respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Stiffness of the substrate influences the phenotype of embryonic chicken cardiac myocytes
Authors: Bajaj Piyush , Tang Xin , Saif Taher A. , Bashir Rashid
Published: October 2010

We examined the effect of substrate stiffness on the beating rate, force of contraction, and cytoskeletal structure of embryonic chicken cardiac myocytes by culturing them on laminin‐coated polyacrylamide (PA) substrates. Cells cultured on PA substrates with elasticity comparable to that of the native myocardium (18 kPa) exhibited the highest beating rate during the first few days of culture. The initial beating rate of individual cells on all the substrates varied significantly but began to converge within 5 days. We also examined the focal adhesions (FAs) and cytoskeletal structure on different substrates via confocal microscopy and found a higher percentage of FAs on tissue culture (TC) plastic dishes compared with the softer PA gels. Furthermore, highly aligned sarcomeric striations were clearly visible on 18 kPa, 50 kPa, and TC dish, whereas cells on 1 kPa only showed nonaligned diffused striations. The force of contraction on these substrates was measured using a micro‐electromechanical system force sensor, which showed that the force of contraction for the cells on TC dishes (F= 71.30 ± 6.38 nN) was significantly larger than those cultured on the 18‐kPa PA gel (F= 30.16 ± 3.83 nN). This is most likely due to the formation of higher percentage of FAs on the TC dishes compared with fewer FAs on the softer gels. Our cumulative findings can have a significant impact on the design of 3D cardiac tissue engineered scaffolds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Nell-1, a key functional mediator of Runx2, partially rescues calvarial defects in Runx2
+/− mice
Authors: Zhang Xinli , Ting Kang , Bessette Catherine M , Culiat Cymbeline T , Sung Sang Jin , Lee Haofu , Chen Feng , Shen Jia , Wang James J , Kuroda Shun'ichi , Soo Chia
Published: October 2010

Mesenchymal stem cell commitment to an osteoprogenitor lineage requires the activity of Runx2, a molecule implicated in the etiopathology of multiple congenital craniofacial anomalies. Through promoter analyses, we have recently identified a new direct transcriptional target of Runx2, Nell-1, a craniosynostosis (CS)–associated molecule with potent osteogenic properties. This study investigated the mechanistic and functional relationship between Nell-1 and Runx2 in regulating osteoblast differentiation. The results showed that spatiotemporal distribution and expression levels of Nell-1 correlated closely with those of endogenous Runx2 during craniofacial development. Phenotypically, cross-mating Nell-1 overexpression transgenic (CMV-Nell-1) mice with Runx2 haploinsufficient (Runx2+/−) mice partially rescued the calvarial defects in the cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD)–like phenotype of Runx2+/− mice, whereas Nell-1 protein induced mineralization and bone formation in Runx2+/− but not Runx2−/− calvarial explants. Runx2-mediated osteoblastic gene expression and/or mineralization was severely reduced by Nell-1 siRNA oligos transfection into Runx2+/+ newborn mouse calvarial cells (NMCCs) or in N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)–induced Nell-1−/− NMCCs. Meanwhile, Nell-1 overexpression partially rescued osteoblastic gene expression but not mineralization in Runx2 null (Runx2−/−) NMCCs. Mechanistically, irrespective of Runx2 genotype, Nell-1 signaling activates ERK1/2 and JNK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in NMCCs and enhances Runx2 phosphorylation and activity when Runx2 is present. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Nell-1 is a critical downstream Runx2 functional mediator insofar as Runx2-regulated Nell-1 promotes osteoblastic differentiation through, in part, activation of MAPK and enhanced phosphorylation of Runx2, and Runx2 activity is significantly reduced when Nell-1 is blocked or absent. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Interleukin-33 is expressed in differentiated osteoblasts and blocks osteoclast formation from bone marrow precursor cells
Authors: Schulze Jochen , Bickert Thomas , Beil F Timo , Zaiss Mario M , Albers Joachim , Wintges Kristofer , Streichert Thomas , Klaetschke Kristin , Keller Johannes , Hissnauer Tim-Nicolas , Spiro Alexander S , Gessner Andre , Schett Georg , Amling Michael , McKenzie Andrew NJ , Horst Andrea Kristina , Schinke Thorsten
Published: October 2010

Since the hematopoetic system is located within the bone marrow, it is not surprising that recent evidence has demonstrated the existence of molecular interactions between bone and immune cells. While interleukin 1 (IL-1) and IL-18, two cytokines of the IL-1 family, have been shown to regulate differentiation and activity of bone cells, the role of IL-33, another IL-1 family member, has not been addressed yet. Since we observed that the expression of IL-33 increases during osteoblast differentiation, we analyzed its possible influence on bone formation and observed that IL-33 did not affect matrix mineralization but enhanced the expression of Tnfsf11, the gene encoding RANKL. This finding led us to analyze the skeletal phenotype of Il1rl1-deficient mice, which lack the IL-33 receptor ST2. Unexpectedly, these mice displayed normal bone formation but increased bone resorption, thereby resulting in low trabecular bone mass. Since this finding suggested a negative influence of IL-33 on osteoclastogenesis, we next analyzed osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow precursor cells and observed that IL-33 completely abolished the generation of TRACP+ multinucleated osteoclasts, even in the presence of RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Although our molecular studies revealed that IL-33 treatment of bone marrow cells caused a shift toward other hematopoetic lineages, we further observed a direct negative influence of IL-33 on the osteoclastogenic differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophages, where IL-33 repressed the expression of Nfatc1, which encodes one of the key transciption factors of osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, these findings have uncovered a previously unknown function of IL-33 as an inhibitor of bone resorption. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
In vivo discrimination of hip fracture with quantitative computed tomography: Results from the prospective European Femur Fracture Study (EFFECT)
Authors: Bousson Valérie Danielle , Adams Judith , Engelke Klaus , Aout Mounir , Cohen-Solal Martine , Bergot Catherine , Haguenauer Didier , Goldberg Daniele , Champion Karine , Aksouh Redha , Vicaut Eric , Laredo Jean-Denis
Published: October 2010

In assessing osteoporotic fractures of the proximal femur, the main objective of this in vivo case-control study was to evaluate the performance of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and a dedicated 3D image analysis tool [Medical Image Analysis Framework—Femur option (MIAF-Femur)] in differentiating hip fracture and non–hip fracture subjects. One-hundred and seven women were recruited in the study, 47 women (mean age 81.6 years) with low-energy hip fractures and 60 female non–hip fracture control subjects (mean age 73.4 years). Bone mineral density (BMD) and geometric variables of cortical and trabecular bone in the femoral head and neck, trochanteric, and intertrochanteric regions and proximal shaft were assessed using QCT and MIAF-Femur. Areal BMD (aBMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 96 (37 hip fracture and 59 non–hip fracture subjects) of the 107 patients. Logistic regressions were computed to extract the best discriminates of hip fracture, and area under the receiver characteristic operating curve (AUC) was calculated. Three logistic models that discriminated the occurrence of hip fracture with QCT variables were obtained (AUC = 0.84). All three models combined one densitometric variable—a trabecular BMD (measured in the femoral head or in the trochanteric region)—and one geometric variable—a cortical thickness value (measured in the femoral neck or proximal shaft). The best discriminant using DXA variables was obtained with total femur aBMD (AUC = 0.80, p = .003). Results highlight a synergistic contribution of trabecular and cortical components in hip fracture risk and the utility of assessing QCT BMD of the femoral head for improved understanding and possible insights into prevention of hip fractures. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
EP1−/− mice have enhanced osteoblast differentiation and accelerated fracture repair
Authors: Zhang Minjie , Ho Hsin-chiu , Sheu Tzong-jen , Breyer Matthew D , Flick Lisa M , Jonason Jennifer H , Awad Hani A , Schwarz Edward M , O'Keefe Regis J
Published: October 2010

As a downstream product of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a crucial role in the regulation of bone formation. It has four different receptor subtypes (EP1 through EP4), each of which exerts different effects in bone. EP2 and EP4 induce bone formation through the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, whereas EP3 inhibits bone formation in vitro. However, the effect of EP1 receptor signaling during bone formation remains unclear. Closed, stabilized femoral fractures were created in mice with EP1 receptor loss of function at 10 weeks of age. Healing was evaluated by radiographic imaging, histology, gene expression studies, micro–computed tomographic (µCT), and biomechanical measures. EP1−/− mouse fractures have increased formation of cartilage, increased fracture callus, and more rapid completion of endochondral ossification. The fractures heal faster and with earlier fracture callus mineralization with an altered expression of genes involved in bone repair and remodeling. Fractures in EP1−/− mice also had an earlier appearance of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP)–positive osteoclasts, accelerated bone remodeling, and an earlier return to normal bone morphometry. EP1−/− mesenchymal progenitor cells isolated from bone marrow have higher osteoblast differentiation capacity and accelerated bone nodule formation and mineralization in vitro. Loss of the EP1 receptor did not affect EP2 or EP4 signaling, suggesting that EP1 and its downstream signaling targets directly regulate fracture healing. We show that unlike the PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4, the EP1 receptor is a negative regulator that acts at multiple stages of the fracture healing process. Inhibition of EP1 signaling is a potential means to enhance fracture healing. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The relationship between bisphosphonate adherence and fracture: Is it the behavior or the medication? Results from the placebo arm of the fracture intervention trial
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R , Delzell Elizabeth , Chen Lang , Black Dennis , Ensrud Kristine , Judd Suzanne , Safford Monika M , Schwartz Ann V , Bauer Douglas C
Published: October 2010

Medication compliance may be a surrogate for factors that improve health outcomes such as fractures. Little is known about the size of this potential “healthy adherer” effect. We evaluated the hypothesis that compliance with placebo is associated inversely with bone loss and fractures among women participating in the Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT). Compliance with placebo and alendronate was evaluated using daily medication diaries. Women were defined as having high compliance if they took 80% or more of dispensed study medication. Change in bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using mixed models comparing women with high versus lower compliance with placebo. Cox proportional-hazards models analyzed the association between placebo compliance and various types of fractures. Among 3169 women randomized to placebo, 82% had high compliance. Compared with women with lower placebo compliance, bone loss at the total hip was lower in compliant placebo-treated women (−0.43%/year versus −0.58%/year, p = .04). Among placebo-treated women, there were 46 hip, 110 wrist, 77 clinical vertebral, and 492 total clinical fractures. Compared with women with lower placebo compliance, women with high placebo compliance had a nonsignificant reduced risk for hip fracture [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–1.45]. This trend was not observed for other fractures. Medication compliance may be a proxy for factors that confers benefit on reducing hip fracture (but not other types of fractures) independent of the effect of the medication itself. Nonrandomized studies of interventions designed to maintain or improve bone density and/or hip fracture may need to consider medication compliance as a confounder to better estimate true intervention effects. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Anti-FGF-23 neutralizing antibodies ameliorate muscle weakness and decreased spontaneous movement of Hyp mice
Authors: Aono Yukiko , Hasegawa Hisashi , Yamazaki Yuji , Shimada Takashi , Fujita Toshiro , Yamashita Takeyoshi , Fukumoto Seiji
Published: October 2010

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) plays causative roles in the development of several hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia such as X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia (XLH) and tumor-induced rickets/osteomalacia. Patients with hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia often complain of muscle weakness and bone pain that severely affect daily activities of these patients. The purpose of this study was to examine whether anti-FGF-23 antibodies, which have been shown to improve hypophosphatemia and rachitic changes of juvenile Hyp mice in a murine model of XLH, also ameliorate hypophosphatemic osteomalacia and affect muscle force and spontaneous motor activity in adult Hyp mice. Repeated injections of anti-FGF-23 antibodies increased serum phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitmain D levels and enhanced mineralization of osteoid in adult Hyp mice, whereas bone length did not change. We found that grip strength was weaker and that spontaneous movement was less in adult Hyp mice than in wild-type mice. In addition, FGF-23 antibodies increased grip strength and spontaneous movement. These results suggest that the inhibition of excess FGF-23 action not only ameliorates hypophosphatemia and impaired mineralization of bone but also improves muscle weakness and daily activities of patients with FGF-23-related hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Breast tumors induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea are damaging to bone strength, structure, and mineralization in the absence of metastasis in rats
Authors: Thorpe Matthew P , Valentine Rudy J , Moulton Christopher J , Wagoner Johnson Amy J , Evans Ellen M , Layman Donald K
Published: October 2010

Current theory on the influence of breast cancer on bone describes metastasis of tumor cells to bone tissue, followed by induction of osteoclasts and bone degradation. Tumor influences on bone health in pre- or nonmetastatic models are unknown. Female rats (n = 48, 52 days old) were injected with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) to induce breast cancer. Animals were euthanized 10 weeks later, and tumors were weighed and classified histologically. Right femurs were extracted for testing of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone mechanical strength by three-point bending and femoral neck bending tests, and structure by micro–computed tomography (µCT). Of 48 rats, 22 developed one or more tumors in response to MNU injection by 10 weeks. Presence of any tumor predicted significantly poorer bone health in 17 of 28 measures. In tumored versus nontumored animals, BMD was adversely affected by 3%, force at failure of the femoral midshaft by 4%, force at failure of the femoral neck by 12%, and various trabecular structural parameters by 6% to 27% (all p < .05). Similarly, greater tumor burden, represented by total tumor weight, adversely correlated with bone outcomes: r = −0.51 for BMD, −0.42 and −0.35 for femur midshaft force and work at failure, and between 0.36 and 0.59 (absolute values) for trabecular architecture (all p < .05). Presence of MNU-induced tumors and total tumor burden showed a negative association with bone health of the femur in rats in the absence of metastasis. Further study is required to elucidate mechanisms for this association. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Development and Evaluation of the Social Anxiety and Depression Life Interference‐24 (SADLI‐24) Inventory
Authors: Osman Augustine , Bagge Courtney L. , Freedenthal Stacey , Gutierrez Peter M. , Emmerich Ashley
Published: October 2010

We describe the development of a new self‐report instrument, the Social Anxiety and Depression Life Interference‐24 (SADLI‐24) inventory. We initially retained 30 content specific items for the instrument (Study 1). In Study 2 (N = 438), we established a 2‐factor solution, Social Anxiety Life Interference‐12 (SALI‐12) and Depression Life Interference‐12 (DLI‐12). We also examined estimates of known‐groups and concurrent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis in Study 3 (N = 430) provided support for the oblique two‐factor structure. In Study 4 (N = 179), we provided additional support for estimates of known‐groups validity. In Study 5 (N = 63), we evaluated estimates of test‐retest reliability. Both SADLI‐24 scale scores showed good estimates of internal consistency. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–17, 2010.
Insomnia treatments: moving from efficacy to effectiveness
Authors: Haynes Patricia L. , Bootzin Richard R.
Published: October 2010

This issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session focuses on the treatment of insomnia and sleep disturbances in a variety of populations. Over the past decade, there has been an increased recognition of the importance of sleep to health and well‐being. Despite this recognition, there continues to be a shortage of practitioners with experience in insomnia therapies. In this article, the authors identify and refute commonly held myths that might hinder the treatment of sleep problems. They conclude by introducing the seven articles that constitute this special issue. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–6, 2010.
Preferences for relational style with mental health clinicians: A qualitative comparison of African American, Latino and Non‐Latino White patients
Authors: Mulvaney‐Day Norah E. , Earl Tara R. , Diaz‐Linhart Yaminette , Alegría Margarita
Published: October 2010

The goal of this study is to analyze preferences for relational styles in encounters with mental health providers across racial and ethnic groups. Four primary themes describe what patients want from a mental health provider: listening, understanding, spending time, and managing differences. However, using contextual comparative analysis, the findings explicate how these themes are described differently across African Americans, Latinos, and non‐Latino Whites, uncovering important qualitative differences in the meaning of these themes across the groups. The article suggests that closer attention to qualitative preferences for style of interaction with providers may help address disparities in mental health care for racial and ethnic minorities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–14, 2010.
The formation of the nervous system during larval development in Triops cancriformis (Bosc) (crustacea, Branchiopoda): An immunohistochemical survey
Authors: Fritsch Martin , Richter Stefan
Published: October 2010

We provide data of the development of thenervous system during the first five larval stages of Triops cancriformis. We use immunohistochemical labeling (against acetylated α‐tubulin, serotonin, histamine, and FMRFamide), confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis, and 3D‐reconstruction. The development of the nervous system corresponds with the general anamorphic development in T. cancriformis. In larval stage I (L I), all brain parts (proto‐, deuto‐, and tritocerebrum), the circumoral connectives, and the mandibular neuromere are already present. Also, the frontal filaments and the developing nauplius eye are already present. However, until stage L III, the nauplius eye only consists of three cups. Throughout larval development, the protocerebral network differentiates into distinct subdivisions. In the postnaupliar region, additional neuromeres and their commissures emerge in an anteroposterior gradient. The larval nervous system in L V consists of a differentiated protocerebrum including a central body, a nauplius eye comprising four cups, a circumoral nerve ring, mandibular‐ and postnaupliar neuromeres up to the seventh thoracic segment, each featuring an anterior and a posterior commissure, and two parallel connectives. The presence of a protocerebral bridge is questionable. The distribution of neurotransmitters in L I is restricted to the naupliar nervous system. Over the course of the five stages of development, neurotransmitter distribution also follows an anteroposterior gradient. Each neuromere is equipped with two ganglia innervating the locomotional appendages and possesses a specific neurotransmitter distribution pattern. We suggest a correlation between neurotransmitter expression and locomotion. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Person–organization and person–supervisor fits: Employee commitments in a Chinese context
Authors: van Vianen Annelies E.M. , Shen Chi‐Tai , Chuang Aichia
Published: October 2010

The present study simultaneously examined people's perceptions of person–organization (PO) and person–supervisor (PS) fit and related these perceptions to employees' commitments. Three‐hundred‐and‐sixty employee–supervisor dyads from Taiwanese organizations reported about their PO fit and PS fit perceptions. In addition, supervisors reported about their perceptions of fit and guanxi with each of their employees. Results indicated that PO and PS fit perceptions both had an independent and additive relationship with organizational commitment. The link between employee PS fit perceptions and organizational commitment was mediated by commitment to the supervisor. Both employee and supervisor fit perceptions contributed to commitment to the supervisor through their influence on the quality of the leader‐member exchange (LMX). Guanxi could not explain additional variance in LMX and supervisor commitment. Implications for theory and practices regarding person–environment fit, commitment, and LMX are discussed. The study findings offered suggestions for a new Theory of Multiple Fits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multilevel study of the relationships between diversity training, ethnic discrimination and satisfaction in organizations
Authors: King Eden B. , Dawson Jeremy F. , Kravitz David A. , Gulick Lisa M. V.
Published: October 2010

The prevalence of diversity training has not been matched by empirical research on its effectiveness. Among the most notable gaps are an absence of attention to its impact on discrimination and limited consideration of organizational‐level factors. Results from employee surveys across 395 healthcare organizations reveal an effect of the extent of diversity training in organizations on ethnic minorities' experiences of discrimination. In addition, the results demonstrate that the consequences of ethnic discrimination for individuals' job attitudes are influenced by organizational‐level phenomenon. These findings highlight the importance of attending to ethnic discrimination as an outcome of diversity training with implications for employee attitudes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cumulative effects of hypercholesterolemia on tendon biomechanics in a mouse model
Authors: Beason David P. , Abboud Joseph A. , Kuntz Andrew F. , Bassora Rocco , Soslowsky Louis J.
Published: October 2010

High cholesterol represents a significant healthcare problem. Clinical studies have linked hypercholesterolemia to Achilles tendon xanthomas and rotator cuff tears, and research in other systems indicates detrimental effects of high cholesterol; however, understanding of its impact on tendon properties and healing is limited. We hypothesized that tendons from aging hypercholesterolemic (APOE) mice would exhibit inferior baseline and healing mechanical properties compared to controls, while younger, but mature mice would be no different. Surprisingly, tensile testing of patellar tendons from 14‐week‐old APOE mice receiving a unilateral full‐thickness central defect resulted in normalized (injured:sham) cross‐sectional areas closer to baseline (p = 0.02) compared to controls. Uninjured data from 10‐month‐old APOE mice showed a decrease in elastic modulus (p = 0.02), indicating a detrimental effect of hypercholesterolemia on tendon properties in this model. These results could benefit patients through knowledge that high cholesterol could increase the likelihood of tendon tears. Furthermore, knowledge that tendon tears are indicative of high cholesterol could provide orthopedic clinicians with an additional preventive treatment opportunity for patients with undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:380–383, 2011
Gender differences in 3D morphology and bony impingement of human hips
Authors: Nakahara Ichiro , Takao Masaki , Sakai Takashi , Nishii Takashi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Sugano Nobuhiko
Published: October 2010

For the proper diagnosis or treatment of hip joint disorders caused by anatomical abnormalities, the normal hip joint morphology must be studied to understand its influence on the maximum range of motion (ROM) until bony impingement by focusing on gender differences. Acetabular and femoral morphologies were analyzed from 3D CT images of 106 normal hip joints from elderly men (n = 36 joints) and women (n = 70 joints), and measurements of ROM until bony impingement were made in four directions (flexion, extension, and external and internal rotation at 90° flexion) using surface models of the pelvis and femur reconstructed from the CT data. Gender differences were found not only in joint orientation, including anteversion and inclination of the acetabulum and femoral neck anteversion, but also in the shape around the joint, including the acetabular rim and the femoral neck. This ROM study also showed gender differences in all four standard directions. In conclusion, significant gender differences were observed in the acetabular and femoral morphology, which led to significant gender differences in ROM until bony impingement. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:333–339, 2011
Kinetic study of copolymerization of linalool and methyl methacrylate initiated by selenonium ylide
Authors: Singh Anamika , Dwivedi Meet Kamal , Singh Dhruv K.
Published: October 2010

Free radical copolymerization of an acyclic monoterpenoid linalool (LIN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) in dioxan was carried out in dilatometer under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen for 90 min at 60 ± 1°C by using diphenyl selenonium 2,3,4,5‐tetraphenylcyclopentadienylide (selenonium ylide) as an initiator. The kinetic expression of the reaction is Rp ∝ [ylide]0.5[MMA]1.0[LIN]1.0. The activation energy of copolymerization was estimated to be 43.7 kJ mol−1. The formation of a functional copolymer is evidenced by spectral analysis. The copolymer was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DSC, and TGA analysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 43–52, 2011
Experiences in monitoring and assessment of sustainable land management
Authors: Schwilch G. , Bestelmeyer B. , Bunning S. , Critchley W. , Herrick J. , Kellner K. , Liniger H.P. , Nachtergaele F. , Ritsema C.J. , Schuster B. , Tabo R. , van Lynden G. , Winslow M.
Published: October 2010

Although sustainable land management (SLM) is widely promoted to prevent and mitigate land degradation and desertification, its monitoring and assessment (M&A) has received much less attention. This paper compiles methodological approaches which to date have been little reported in the literature. It draws lessons from these experiences and identifies common elements and future pathways as a basis for a global approach. The paper starts with local level methods where the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) framework catalogues SLM case studies. This tool has been included in the local level assessment of Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA) and in the EU‐DESIRE project. Complementary site‐based approaches can enhance an ecological process‐based understanding of SLM variation. At national and sub‐national levels, a joint WOCAT/LADA/DESIRE spatial assessment based on land use systems identifies the status and trends of degradation and SLM, including causes, drivers and impacts on ecosystem services. Expert consultation is combined with scientific evidence and enhanced where necessary with secondary data and indicator databases. At the global level, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) knowledge from the land (KM:Land) initiative uses indicators to demonstrate impacts of SLM investments. Key lessons learnt include the need for a multi‐scale approach, making use of common indicators and a variety of information sources, including scientific data and local knowledge through participatory methods. Methodological consistencies allow cross‐scale analyses, and findings are analysed and documented for use by decision‐makers at various levels. Effective M&A of SLM [e.g. for United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)] requires a comprehensive methodological framework agreed by the major players. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring and assessing the influence of social, economic and policy factors on sustainable land management in drylands
Authors: Nkonya E. , Winslow M. , Reed M. S. , Mortimore M. , Mirzabaev A.
Published: October 2010

Socio‐economic and policy dynamics strongly influence sustainable land management and consequently the capacity of land to sustain valuable ecosystem services, so it is important that they be incorporated into monitoring and assessment regimes aimed at combating desertification and land degradation. Systematic surveys can provide standardized information on socio‐economic and policy dynamics, supplemented by deeper cause–effect understanding emanating from case studies. Countries increasingly collect geo‐referenced socio‐economic data as part of regular censuses and surveys; the collection of information relevant to sustainable land management could be efficiently added to those exercises. Geographic information systems analysis and modeling can then link social, economic, and policy data with biophysical data to support decision‐making. The identification of typical socio‐economic and policy cause–effect patterns is a potential means for summarizing complex human–environmental interactions in more insightful ways. By integrating monitoring techniques based on both local and scientific knowledge, the relevance, accuracy, reliability, and sensitivity of monitoring can be improved. Such integration can also foster mutual commitment and effective joint planning and action between governments and land‐users leading to the implementation of effective sustainable land management practices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitation and Distribution of Polar Compounds in an Extra Virgin Olive Oil Used in Fryings with Turnover of Fresh Oil
Authors: Romero A. , Cuesta C. , Sánchez‐Muniz F. J.
Published: October 2010

The alteration of an extra virgin olive oil used in 75 repeated and intermittent deep‐fat fryings of potatoes (with a frequent turnover of fresh oil) was measured by column and high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Total polar content increased slightly but continuously in the fryer's oil during the first 30 fryings from 2.76 ± 0.01 mg/100 mg oil (mean ± SD) to 6.60 ± 0.00 mg/100 mg used oil, followed by a tendency to reach a near steady state after a large number of fryings. Compounds related to thermoxidative alteration also increased significantly in the oil used 75 times to fry potatoes. Triglyceride dimers increased from 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/100 mg unused oil to 1.65 ± 0.05 mg/100 mg oil at the thirtieth fryings while triglyceride polymers and oxidized triglycerides did so during the first 60 fryings (0.07 ± 0.01 mg/100 mg oil and 0.56 ± 0.03 mg/100 mg oil in the unused oil respectively to 0.38 ± 0.01 mg/100 mg oil or 2.95 ± 0.15 mg/100 mg oil in the used oil, respectively). Both of these changes were followed by a tendency of these polar compounds to reach a near steady state in later successive fryings. Nevertheless, diglycerides and free fatty acids related to hydrolytic alteration remained quite stable throughout the frying process. Data from this study indicate that repeated fryings of potatoes in extra virgin olive oil with a frequent turnover of fresh oil throughout the frying slightly increased the level of polar material in the fryer oil during the first fryings followed by minor changes and by a tendency to reach a near steady state in successive fryings.
Entwicklung einer HPLC‐Methode zur Bestimmung des freien Polygiycerinanteils in Polyglycerincaprinaten
Authors: Schlegelmilch F. , Siemanowski W. , Wiebrock L.
Published: October 2010

Die Polyglycerincaprinate haben in der kosmetischen Industrie einen immer größeren Absatzmarkt. Sie finden dort als Emulgator, Solubihsator oder Rückfetter ein großes Einsatzgebiet. Sie haben neben ihrer hohen Wirksamkeit ein intercssantes Eigenschaftsprofil und sind frei von Ethylenoxid und nitrosaminbildenden Substanzen. Aufgrund dieser Tatsachen wurde es notwendig, ein instrumentalanalytisches Verfahren zu entwiekeln. mit dem die Zusammensetzung der Polyglycerincaprinate bestimmt warden kann. Die hier beschriebene Analysenmethode dient zur Quantifizierung des Gehaltes an freiem Polyglycerin im Polyglycerineaprinat. Sein Gehalt ist mitbestimmend für die speziellen Eigenschaften des Esters. Hierdurch können der kosmetisehen Industrie anwendungsspezifische Polylgycerincaprinsäureester zur Verfügung gesteilt werden. Das beschricbene Analysenverfahren ist sehr umweltschonend, da keine sehwer abbaubaren Lösungsmittel verwendet werden.
Effects of Inhibition of Carotenoids on the Lipids Synthesis by Micrococcus colpogenes
Authors: Hamid Shanaz , Khan S. A. , Jaffary R. H.
Published: October 2010

Effect of glucose concentration and the inhibition of carotenoids on the lipids synthesis by Micrococcus colpogenes were studied. It was observed that the maximum lipid production was obtained when 2 % glucose was used as carbon source. The inhibition of carotenoids with diphenylaminc (25 mg/L) showed 37 % increase in the lipid synthesis.