bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melt Pool Features Analysis Using a High Speed Coaxial Monitoring System for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Ti-6Al-4V Grade 23
Authors: Thanki Aditi , Goossens Louca , Ompusunggu Agusmian Partogi , Bayat Mohamad , Bey-Temsamani Abdellatif , Hooreweder Brecht Van , Kruth Jean-Pierre , Witvrouw Ann
Published: December 2021

In laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), defects such as pores or cracks can seriously affect the final part quality and lifetime. Keyhole porosity, being one type of porosity defects in LPBF, results from excessive energy density which may be due to changes in process parameters (laser power and scan speed) and/or result from the part’s geometry and/or hatching strategies. To study the possible occurrence of keyhole pores, experimental work as well as simulations were carried out for optimum and high volumetric energy density conditions in Ti-6Al-4V grade 23. By decreasing the scanning speed from 1000 mm/s to 500 mm/s for a fixed laser power of 170 W, keyhole porosities are formed and later observed by X-ray computed tomography. Melt pool images are recorded in real-time during the LPBF process by using a high speed coaxial Near-Infrared (NIR) camera monitoring system. The recorded images are then pre-processed using a set of image processing steps to generate binary images. From the binary images, geometrical features of the melt pool and features that characterize the spatter particles formation and ejection from the melt pool are calculated. The experimental data clearly show spatter patterns in case of keyhole porosity formation at low scan speed. A correlation between the number of pores and the amount of spatter is observed. Besides the experimental work, a previously developed, high fidelity finite volume numerical model was used to simulate the melt pool dynamics with similar process parameters as in the experiment. Simulation results illustrate and confirm the keyhole porosity formation by decreasing laser scan speed.
Impact of Urban Expansion On Carbon Storage Under Multi-Scenario Simulations In Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zeng Jie , Chen Wanxu
Published: December 2021

Carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems, which is the basis of the global carbon cycle, reflects the changes in the environment due to anthropogenic impacts. Rapid and effective assessment of the impact of urban expansion on carbon reserves is vital for the sustainable development of urban ecosystems. Previous studies lack research regarding different scenarios during future city and comprehensive analysis on the driving factors from the socioeconomic point of view. Therefore, this study examined Wuhan, China and explored the latent effects of urban expansion on terrestrial carbon storage by combining the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) and Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model. Based on different socioeconomic strategies, we developed three future scenarios, including Baseline Scenario (BS), Cropland Protection Scenario (CP), and Ecological protection Scenario (EP), to predict the urban built-up land use change from 2015 to 2035 in Wuhan and discussed the carbon storage impacts of urban expansion. The result shows that: (1) Wuhan's urban built-up land area expanded 2.67 times between 1980 and 2015, which is approximately 685.17 km2 and is expected to continuously expand to 1,349–1,945.01 km2 by 2035. (2) Urban expansion in Wuhan has caused carbon storage loss by 5.12×106 t during 1980–2015 and will lead to carbon storage loss by 6.15×106 t, 4.7×106 t, and 4.05×106 t under BS, CP, and EP scenarios from 2015 to 2035, accounting for 85.42%, 81.74%, and 78.79% of the total carbon loss, respectively. (3) The occupation of cropland by urban expansion is closely related to the road system expansion, which is the main driver of carbon storage reduction from 2015 to 2035. (4) We expect that by 2035, the districts facing carbon loss caused by the growth of urban built-up land will expand outward around secondary roads, and the scale of outward expansion under various scenarios will be ranked as: BS >CP > EP. In combination, the InVEST and the PLUS model can assess the impact of urban expansion on carbon storage more efficiently and is conducive to carrying out urban planning and promoting a dynamic balance between urban economic development and human well-being.
Laser Surgery for Treating Retarded Teeth Eruption in Children
Authors: Xu Dan , Wang Peipei , Liu Hualian , Gu Min
Published: December 2021

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of laser surgery in treating retarded eruption in children.Method: Sixty-three children (age：7-13 ，30 boys and 33 girls)were selected and according to the random number table divided into three groups: Laser surgery group (group A), electrosurgery group (group B), and routine surgery group (group C).The total operative time, the duration of pain after gingival excision, and VAS pain intensity scores, gingival healing time, and intraoperative coordination were all recorded . Pain intensity was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score (0 to 100mm). At six months during the follow-up, this physician checked and recorded the periodontal indicators of permanent teeth, including gum index (GI), plaque index (PLI), and probing depth (PD).Results: All teeth erupted normally in three groups after treatment, showing normal pulp and periodontal tissue. There was no significant difference in operative time, pain duration, pain intensity, healing time between group A and group B. There was a significant difference in total operative time, pain duration, pain intensity, and healing time between electrosurgery group (group B) and routine surgery group (group C) (P<0.05).There was a significant difference in total operative time, pain duration, pain intensity, and healing time between laser surgery group (group A) and routine surgery group (group C) (P<0.05).Periodontal indexes, including gingival indexes, plaque indexes, were examined in three groups at six months after treatment by the same periodontist. Then, the efficacy of the three methods was compared.Conclusion: Laser surgery and high-frequency electrosurgery has favorable efficacy, less pain, and higher operability. However, in the use of the electric knife, the paste flavor may discomfort the children, make them less cooperative, and prolong the procedures.
What are the Environmental Determinants to Participate Among Stroke Survivors in Africa? a Scoping Review
Authors: Assefa Yohannes Awoke , Demeke Zelalem Dessalegn
Published: December 2021

Background

Stroke is the main cause of serious long-term disability worldwide, and it is the second commonest cause of death and a leading cause of adult disability. Two-thirds of stroke cases occur in low- and middle-income countries, which all African countries fall. In Africa, the incidence and survival rate of stroke is increasing. Various personal and environmental factors limit the participation of stroke survivors. As a result, in this review, we aimed to review the environmental factors that are influencing the participation of stroke survivors in Africa.
Methods

Five electronic databases were systematically searched in August 2021 and identified articles were screened by three authors based on predetermined criteria. We followed Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework and the whole finding is reported using PRISMA-ScR. No date restrictions were imposed, and we included any type of papers including grey literature.
Results

584 articles were generated by our search, after removing duplicates, the title and abstract of 497 articles were screened. From the screening, 42 articles were selected for full article review from which 12 met the criteria to be included. We also manually searched and included one more article for the review.
Conclusion

Studies were mainly conducted in South Africa and assessed the adult population. We followed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework for the environmental determinants to present our findings. Products and Technology; Natural Environment and Human-Made Changes to Environment; and Services, Systems and Policies found to be a barrier for participation. Conversely, stroke survivors are getting good support from their immediate family and health professionals, which is found to be facilitating. This review could be used by policymakers to understand the environmental barriers that are hindering participation and help to improve the accessibility of the environment so stroke survivors can participate in the community.
Behavioral Responses of a Generalist Pest, Spilosoma Obliqua Walker, Towards the Leaf Surface Wax Chemicals of Three Types of Jute Crop and Implications in Pest Management
Authors: Roy Nayan , Mobarak Syed Husne
Published: December 2021

Behavioral responses of a generalist pest, Spilosoma obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), towards the leaf surface wax chemicals of three types of jute crops (white jute, Corchorus capsularis, tossa jute, C. olitorious,, and mesta jute or kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus [Malvaceae]) and their implications in pest management was studied under laboratory conditions. The GC-MS and GC-FID analyses of the jute leaf epicuticular waxes indicated the presence of 27 n-alkanes, having chain lengths from n-C14 to n-C36 and 14 free fatty acids (FFAs) having chain lengths from C12:0 to C22:0. Among the identified n-alkanes and FFAs of selected jute cultivars n-C34 (144.397±6.971 µg leaf−1) and C16:1 (37.034±0.848 µg leaf−1) of tossa jute leaves were most abundant. The host preference (white jute> tossa jute > mesta jute) of S. obliqua was evaluated simultaneously by olfactory, visual, and tactile recognition, as valid for other lepidopteran species. For olfaction [females], oviposition [gravid females], and feeding [larvae]) in S. obliqua, the most stimulating combined-synthetic-mixture of epicuticular wax components was represented by 4 n-alkanes (n-C16, n-C18, n-C20, n-C22) and 5 FFAs (C16:1, C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0) in mixture at leaf equivalent (µg leaf−1) amounts (195.209±2.950 µg, 119.777±1.857 µg, and 50.567±3.508 µg, respectively) in white jute, tossa jute, and mesta jute, respectively. Thus, the present study suggests that the synthetic blends of 4 n-alkanes and 5 FFAs of respective jute crops can be used as lures to develop baited trap as a part of integrated pest management (IPM) of S. obliqua for sustainable jute cultivation.
Factors Associated With Minimum Dietary Diversity Among Children Aged 6 to 23 Months in Debre Berhan Town, Central Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Demie Takele Gezahegn , Gesese Getachew Tilahun , Derseh Behailu Tariku , Mruts Kalayu Birhane , Gebremariam Tesfaye Birhane
Published: December 2021

Background: Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) is the consumption of four or more food groups from the seven food groups. Poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in the first 2 years of age are among major causes of childhood undernutrition, illness, and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating MDD and its associated factors among IYC aged 6–23 months in Debre Berhan town, central Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from January 1 to 30, 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to sample 377 IYC aged 6-23 months with mothers/caregivers. An interviewer-administered structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data through a face-to-face interview. Data were cleaned and entered into Epidata 3.1, exported to SPSS software version 20. Logistic regression was fitted and an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value less than 0.05 was used to identify factors associated with MDD. Results: A total of 377 IYC aged 6-23 months with mothers/caregivers were participated in the study. The proportion of children who met the MDD practice was 58.4%. Mother’s education [(AOR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.02-0.88), (AOR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.05-0.97)], mother’s occupation (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.15-0.54), father’s occupation (AOR = 3.45; 95% CI = 1.40-8.54), and number of antenatal care visit by mothers (AOR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.30-0.97) were factors associated with MDD among IYC.Conclusion: Even though the study showed better progress as compared to the national prevalence of the consumption of MDD, it is substandard in the study area. Thus, more efforts need to be done to achieve the recommended MDD intake for all children aged between 6 and 23 months. Increasing mothers’ level of education, creating employment opportunities for both mothers and fathers’, and increasing the frequency of ANC service use are vital interventions to improve IYCF practices in Debre Berhan town.
Sonochemically Prepared GdWNFs/CNFs Nanocomposite As An Electrode Material For The Electrochemical Detection of Antibiotic Drug in Water Bodies
Authors: P Manikanta , R Hari Prasad B , P Sanjay B , S Sandeep , S Santhosh A , S Karthik C , P Mallu , Rajabathar Jothi Ramalingam , Karnan Muthusamy
Published: December 2021

The work demonstrates the development of an electrochemical sensor for quantification of Chloramphenicol (CA) using pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with Gadolinium tungstate nano flakes and carbon nano fibers composite (PGE/GWNfs/CNFs). The composite was further characterized and confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The prepared GWNfs/CNFs nano composite was fabricated by drop casting method to get PGE/GWNfs/CNFs working electrode. The modified electrode is then analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods for its electrochemical and electrocatalytic property. The electrochemical investigation of developed sensor shows enhanced activity towards electro-oxidation of CA. The DPV studies revealed high efficacy characteristics such as sensitivity in the range 0.03984 µA µM-1cm-2, selectivity, good linear range (5-50 μM), and low detection limit (0.4 μM). The study benchmarks the use of GWNfs/CNFs as an excellent transducer material in electrochemical sensing of CA in standard samples thus, it finds an efficient potential application in the analysis of CA in environment sample analysis.
Differential Response of Human Amniotic Membrane Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Analysis of the Glycolytic Metabolism
Authors: Alves Andreia P , Rocha Sandra M , Mamede Ana C , Alves Marco G , Oliveira Pedro F , Botelho Filomena M , Maia Cláudio
Published: December 2021

Background: The human Amniotic Membrane (hAM) has been studied as a potential therapeutic option in cancer, namely in hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, our research group evaluated the effect of human Amniotic Membrane Protein Extracts (hAMPE) in cancer therapy, demonstrating that hAMPE inhibit the metabolic activity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines: Hep3B2.1-7, HepG2 and Huh7. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hAMPE treatment in glucose metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods and Results: Glucose uptake and lactate production was assessed by 1H-NMR, and the expression of several mediators of the glycolytic pathway was evaluated by Western blot or fluorescence. Our results showed that hAMPE treatment increased glucose consumption on Hep3B2.1-7, HepG2, and Huh7 through the increase of GLUT1 in Hep3B2.1-7 and Huh7, and GLUT3 in HepG2 cells. It was observed increased expression of 6-phosphofrutokinase (PFK-1L) in all cell lines, indicating that glucose can be converted to pyruvate. Also, it was verified that glucose seems not to be converted to lactate on HepG2 and Huh7 cells, suggesting that hAMPE treatment may contradict the Warburg effect observed in carcinogenesis. In Hep3B2.1-7, the hAMPE treatment induced an increase in expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and monocarboxylate transporter isoform 4 (MCT4). Conclusions: Overall, this work highlighted the potential usefulness of hAMPE as anticancer therapy through the modulation of the glycolytic metabolism in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Layer-Specific Intracortical Amplification Shortens the Lifetime of Thalamocortical Repetition Suppression in Auditory Cortex
Authors: Ma Jing , Brunk Michael , Matysiak Artur , Härtwich Nina , Ohl Frank , May Patrick , Happel Max , König Reinhard , Deliano Matthias
Published: December 2021

Neural adaptation in sensory cortex serves important sensory functions, and is altered by various neurophsychiatric diseases. Although adaptation is a widely studied phenomenon, much remains unknown about its underlying mechanisms on a cortical circuit level. Here, we investigated repetition suppression as fundamental aspect of adaptation by layer-specific current source density analyses of synaptic mass activities in primary auditory cortex of anesthetized Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). We disentangled different synaptic contributions to repetition suppression in different cortical layers, and separated thalamocortical from intracortical inputs by cortical silencing with GABAA-agonist muscimol. We systematically varied stimulus onset intervals and employed statistically robust model fitting based on bootstrapping to determine the full suppression kinetics of different synaptic responses in the steady state. Whereas thalamocortical input to granular and infragranular layers was governed by longer lasting repetition suppression, most likely reflecting depression of thalamocortical synapses, intracortical amplification in granular layers shortened the lifetime of suppression by re-enhancing granular responses mainly through synchronization of synaptic events. With increasing latency, the shorter lasting suppression kinetics observed in granular layers at early latencies (<100ms) passed on to deeper layers replacing the longer lasting infragranular suppression kinetics. Granular circuit dynamics can therefore actively shape neural adaptation across cortical layers.
Improving Data Transparency and Accessibility in the Research Community through the Construction of Accurately Simulated Time-to-Event Datasets
Authors: Smith Aiden , Lambert Paul , Rutherford Mark
Published: December 2021

BackgroundA lack of availability of data and statistical code being published alongside journal articles provides a significant barrier to open scientific discourse, and reproducibility of research. Information governance restrictions inhibit the active dissemination of individual level data to accompany published manuscripts. Realistic, accurate time-to-event synthetic data can aid in the acceleration of methodological developments in survival analysis and beyond by enabling researchers to access and test published methods using data similar to that which they were developed on.MethodsThis paper presents methods to accurately replicate the covariate patterns and survival times found in real-world datasets using simulation techniques, without compromising individual patient identifiability. We model the joint covariate distribution of the original data using covariate specific sequential conditional regression models, then fit a complex flexible parametric survival model from which to simulate survival times conditional on individual covariate patterns. We recreate the administrative censoring mechanism using the last observed follow-up date information from the initial dataset. Metrics for evaluating the accuracy of the synthetic data, and the non-identifiability of individuals from the original dataset, are presented.ResultsWe successfully create a synthetic version of an example colon cancer dataset consisting of 9064 patients which aims to show good similarity to both covariate distributions and survival times from the original data, without containing any exact information from the original data, therefore allowing them to be published openly alongside research. ConclusionsWe evaluate the effectiveness of the simulation methods for constructing synthetic data, as well as providing evidence that it is almost impossible that a given patient from the original data could be identified from their individual unique date information. Simulated datasets using this methodology could be made available alongside published research without breaching data privacy protocols, and allow for data and code to be made available alongside methodological or applied manuscripts to greatly improve the transparency and accessibility of medical research.
Transforming the Generative Pretrained Transformer Into Augmented Business Text Writer
Authors: Khalil Faisal , Pipa Prof. Dr. Gordon
Published: December 2021

This study uses transformers architecture of Artificial neural networks to generate artificial business text for a given topic or theme. The implication of the study is to augment the business report writing, and general business writings process with help of Generative pretrained transformers (GPT) networks. Main focus of study is to provide practical use case for GPTs models with help of big data. Our study model has 355 million model parameters and trained for three months on GPU enable devices using 2.3 billion text tokens(is available as open-source data now). Text tokens are collected with help of rigorous preprocessing, which includes; shortlisting of Subreddits of Fortune 500 companies and industries, listed on US-based social news aggregation online portal called "Reddit". After shortlisting, millions of submission of users during the five years, are parsed to collect the URLs out of it. 1.8 million working URLs are scrutinized. Business text is parsed, cleaned, and converted into word embeddings out of URLs. The result shows that both models; conditional interactive and random sampling, generate text paragraphs that are grammatically accurate and stick to the given topic.
Exploration and Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers for Docetaxel Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pan Ke-Hao , Wan Lin-Li , Xu Bin , Chen Ming
Published: December 2021

Background: Prostate cancer has become the third most common cancer, and the death rate of advanced patients due to metastasis and invasion is high. Approximately 40% to 50% of castration resistant prostate cancer responding to docetaxel did not show a substantial and sustained prostate specific antigen decline, and the median response duration was limited to 6 to 9 months.Objective: To understand the pathogenesis of docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer (DRPC), and to search for prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets.Methods: RNA sequencing data of GSE36135 and GSE33455 from the Gene Expression Synthesis Database were used to search for co-expressed genes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors, which were validated by expression and survival analyses. Subsequently, their ability to jointly predict patient prognosis was evaluated. Then, the lasso Cox regression model was established to evaluate the correlation of DEGs with immune score, ferroptosis, methylation, and OCLR score. And predicted for targeted small molecule drugs and validated the effect of small molecule drugs.Results: EZH2 and SRC were identified as potential therapeutic targets and effective prognostic markers for docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer, and were found to be significantly associated with the immune score, ferroptosis, methylation, and OCLR score. Targeted small molecule drugs were predicted and validated for EZH2 and SRC.Conclusions: This study helps to fully explain the mechanism of docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer formation and provides new immune-related therapeutic targets and biomarkers for it. Preliminary exploration of the effects of docetaxel in combination with urapidil or roxithromycin in prostate cancer cells
The Temporal Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Blood Lipids in Chinese Middle-aged and Elderly Individuals: Evidence From CHARLS
Authors: Ma Yilei , Chen Ziwei , Duan Yanran , Mo Tingting , Liu Wenli , Zhang Xia , Yin Ping
Published: December 2021

Background: To explore the temporal relationship between blood lipids and sleep duration and clarify their potential causality in Chinese middle-aged and elderly individuals.Methods: We used medical examinations and questionnaire data of 5016 Chinese middle-aged and elderly individuals in 2011 and 2015. Cross-lagged path analysis was performed to examine the potential bidirectional relationships between blood lipids and sleep duration.Results: In total population, significant bidirectional relationship was observed between sleep duration and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and the path coefficients were -0.171 (P = 0.005) and -0.006 (P = 0.002). In contrast, there was a positive correlation between and sleep duration, and the path coefficient from triglycerides to sleep duration 4 year later (O = 0.001, P = 0.018) was greater than that from sleep duration to triglycerides 4 year later (b = 0.109, P = 0.847), with P = 0.030 for the difference between j and e. Longer sleep duration was associated lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c = -0.275, P = 0.097) and total cholesterol (t = -0.329, P = 0.096) 4 year later. In stratified analysis, effects of sleep duration on blood lipids were only observed among individuals aged < 60 years, while the effect in the opposite direction was observed in elderly individuals, and the cross-lagged path coefficients were more significant in adults with BMI > 25.Conclusions: Temporal relationships between sleep duration and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were different. The strength and direction of the relationships may be related to age and BMI.
Six Biomarkers Expressed Stably in Urinary Exosomes During All Life Stages - As the Reference Markers in Urinary Quantification
Authors: Zhang Man , Wang Yizhao , Zhao Man , Liu Na , Lu Cuixiu , Jiang Jun , Li Tao , Hu Mei
Published: December 2021

BackgroundUrinary extracellular exosomes (uEVs) have been identified as a novel, stable and no-invasive source of biomarkers. However, the potential clinical value of uEVs is limited by the lack of standard quantitative proteomics data. It is necessary to uncover ubiquitous and stable proteins of uEVs as the reference markers in urinary quantification.Samples and methodsThe samples from 210 healthy individuals (3~90 years old), were divided into seven different stages of life. The uEVs samples were identified by LC-MS/MS and data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods. Eight stably expressed uEVs proteins were obtained by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, 42 samples were used to validate by Western blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence.ResultsA total of 3,002 proteins and 1,393 co-expression uEVs proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. The bioinformatics analysis showed 1,393 co-expression proteins mostly enriched in endocytosis. Eight proteins were stably expressed throughout the seven age stages (p<0.05). Furthermore, RAB8A, RAB8B, Semaphorin-5A, Plexin-B2, JAMA, and STUB1 were validated by Western blot. Above all, RAB8A and RAB8B are the most stably expressed proteins in different age stages.ConclusionRAB8A, RAB8B, Semaphorin-5A, Plexin-B2, JAMA, and STUB1 were expressed stably proteins throughout the age stages. These six proteins might be the standard reference markers in the analysis of urine exosomal proteomics. RAB8A and RAB8B have been validated are the putative reference markers.
Justification for the use of Markovian Langevin statistics in the modelling of activated surface diffusion.
Authors: Wilkinson Jeremy , Ellis John
Published: December 2021

Low temperature surface diffusion is driven by the thermally activated hopping of adatoms between adsorption sites. Helium spin-echo techniques, capable of measuring the sub-picosecond motion of individual adatoms, have enabled the bench-marking of many important adsorbate-substrate properties. The well-known Markovian Langevin equation has emerged as the standard tool for the interpretation of such experimental data, replacing adatom-substrate interactions with stochastic white noise and linear friction. However, the consequences of ignoring the colored noise spectrum and non-linearities inherent to surface systems are not known. Through the computational study of three alternative models of adatom motion, we show that the hopping rate and jump distributions of an adatom are fixed to within a few percent by the potential energy surface and a new generalized energy exchange rate parameter alone, independent of the model used. This result justifies the use of the Markovian Langevin equation, regardless of the true statistical nature of adatom forces, provided results are quoted in terms of the new energy exchange rate parameter. Moreover, numerous mechanisms for the effect of noise correlations and non-linear friction on the energy exchange rate are proposed which likely contribute to activated surface diffusion and activated processes more generally.
Internalising and Externalising Symptoms Before and During the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown in the UK and Turkey: A Cross-cultural Examination
Authors: Morgul Evren , Kallitsoglou Angeliki , Essau Cecilia A.
Published: December 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people. Culture can influence emotional and behavioural responses to the pandemic and its consequences, but research is primarily focused on single country experiences. The study examined differences in caregiver worry of infection and experience with the confinement during the initial lockdown and their impact on children’s internalising and externalising symptoms across two culturally different countries which were severely affected by the pandemic: UK and Turkey.Method: Participants were 1849 caregivers with children between 5 and 12 years old in the UK (n= 995) and Turkey (n = 854) who completed a 20 -min electronic survey on child and family wellbeing distributed via social networks during the initial phase of the COVID-19 lockdown (July and August 2020).Findings: Worry of infection was higher amongst caregivers in the Turkish sample and it independently predicted change in children’s internalising symptoms in the Turkish sample only. Caregivers in the Turkish sample reported more difficulty with family coexistence during the lockdown, but regressions analysis showed that difficulty with coexistence independently predicted change in children’s externalising and internalising symptoms before and during the lockdown in both samples. The study revealed cross-cultural differences in the predictors of change in children’s internalising and externalising symptoms before and during the initial national COVID-19 lockdown.
Indonesian Genomic Landscape of Pathogenic Mutation of APC, KRAS, TP53, PIK3CA, and MLH1 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Marbun Vania Myralda Giamour , Lalisang Toar Jean Maurice , Erlina Linda
Published: December 2021

Background : Knowing colorectal cancer’s heterogeneity and dynamic features, recognizing its biological behaviour requires detailed identification of mutated genes involved. Colorectal cancer (CRC) requires several mutated genes to occur and those are dissimilar in each person hence essential to be discovered in specific population. Until recently, there is no known study describing genomic landscape of CRC in Indonesian population. This study aims to describe profile of pathogenic mutation of APC, TP53, PIK3CA, KRAS, and MLH1 in CRC patients treated at 3 different hospitals in Jakarta. Methods : This is a descriptive study conducted on CRC patients who underwent neoadjuvant, surgical, and adjuvant therapy at RSCM, RSKJ, and MRCCC in 2017-2018. DNA analysis was performed using next-generation sequencing and aligned against GRCh38. Pathogenic variant was identified using ACMG classification and FATHMM score. Data related to behaviour and survival were collected from medical records. Results : There were total 22 subjects in which APC, TP53, and PIKCA were mutated. KRAS mutation occurred in 64%, while MLH1 in 45%. Five types of mutation were identified, including nonsense, missense, frameshift, splice-site, and silent mutation. There are 4 groups of co-occurring mutations, which are APC, TP53, PIK3CA (triple mutation/TM) alone; TM+KRAS; TM+MLH1; and TM+KRAS+MLH1, presenting different nature and survival. Conclusion : Indonesia having various ethnicities with diverse diet and lifestyle has distinct profile of pathogenic mutation presenting mostly with locally-advanced stage with various outcome and survival rate.
Spatial and epidemiological analysis of Covid-19 in Ardabil province,North West of Iran
Authors: Habibzadeh Shahram , Ghahramanloo Abbas Abbasi , Ahari Said Sadeghieh , Moradi-Asl Eslam , Asghari Shabnam
Published: December 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease highly contagious, is prevalent in all age and sex groups infecting the respiratory system. The aim of this study are spatial analysis and geographical distribution of Covid-19 in different time periods in Ardabil province. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, official statistics recorded in the health centers of Counties and hospitals of Ardabil province were used from 20/03/2020 to 20/03/2021. For data analysis was used to Chi-square to investigate the relationship between disease peaks. In order to perform spatial analysis, were used to ArcGIS10.4.8 software and IDW interpolation analysis and Moran index was used to determine the pattern of disease spread in the study area. Results: The duration of the three peaks in Ardabil province was about 10 months and 11,761 people were referred to hospitals. The longest peak was the third peak, which lasted 72 days. Bilehsavar County with the highest incidence of 1334 and Kowsar County with 226/100000 has the lowest incidence of the disease. Covid-19 distribution pattern based on Moran's index shows that the incidence of disease in high-risk areas in all three peaks was significantly clustered (P <0.05) Conclusions: Covid-19 process during the three peaks in Ardabil province has been increasing in terms of incidence and duration of the peak. Take action in all Counties and to implement health protocols.
Association of PM2.5 and its Components with Lengths of Hospital Stay for Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Children
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Jieguo , Zhou Kai , Tian Ye , Wei Feiran , Zhang Mingzhi , Wang Xu
Published: December 2021

Background

Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health concern. Studies on air pollution and the lengths of hospital stay (LOS) of HFMD are scarce.
Methods

We characterized the clinic demographic features of 5135 hospitalized HFMD in Nanjing, China from 2012 to 2017, and analyzed the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 as well as its components (OM, BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT, SOIL and SS) and the LOS of HFMD.
Results

Among them 98.62% were aged 0–6 years old, and 3772 (73.46%) were hospitalized for seven days or less. The LOS of HFMD children was different in different ages, illness onset years and illness onset seasons (P<0.01). For per IQR increase in PM2.5 concentrations, LOS of HFMD increased by 0.52(0.33, 0.71), 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31–0.69) and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.28–0.65) day in adjusted models at lag 3 days, lag 7days and lag 14 days, respectively. In addition, per IQR increase of BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT and SOIL were also significantly associated with the LOS of HFMD.
Conclusions

Our findings corroborated the hypothesis that short-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased the LOS of HFMD, and its components (BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT and SOIL) of PM2.5 might play a key role in the prolonged LOS of HFMD.
Etablierung normativer Ordnungen als Spielarten optimierter Selbstführung?
Authors: Bettinger Patrick
Published: December 2021

Seit einigen Jahren sind unter den Schlagworten der ‹21st-Century-Skills› bzw. der ‹4K-Skills› insbesondere im englischsprachigen Raum Bemühungen erkennbar, das Bildungssystem umfassend zu reformieren. Dabei spielt besonders die digitale Transformation eine entscheidende Rolle, da diese einerseits als ein Grund für den Reformbedarf des Bildungssystems vorgebracht wird und andererseits massgeblich die inhaltliche Zielrichtung der angestrebten Veränderungen bestimmt. Bei genauerer Betrachtung fällt auf, dass sich hinter diesem Reformdiskurs ein vielschichtiges globales Netzwerk unterschiedlicher Akteurinnen und Akteure aus dem Bildungsbereich, der Politik und insbesondere auch aus der Wirtschaft verbirgt. Der Beitrag beleuchtet diese Zusammenhänge aus einer gouvernementalitätstheoretischen Blickrichtung und fragt nach den hier erkennbaren Formen von Selbst- und Fremdführung. Dabei wird besonderes Augenmerk auf die so hervortretenden Techniken der Normalisierung gelegt, die sowohl einer Disziplinarlogik folgen als auch deutliche Merkmale von auf Prävention ausgelegten Sicherheitstechnologien aufweisen.
Optimal and appropriate input in a second language: The potential of (modified-)elaborated input in distance and classroom learning
Authors: Borro Ilaria , Scolaro Silvia
Published: December 2021

Instructors’ difficulties in judging whether linguistic material is suitable for their students' level seem to have been aggravated during the pandemic (Conti, 2021). In this situation, there is the risk of exposing learners to inappropriate input, which can be detrimental to language acquisition. The proposed solution, (modified-)elaborated input, is designed to increase comprehensibility without sacrificing the richness of authentic input, which is crucial for language acquisition (Long, 2015, 2020; O’Donnel, 2009; Yano, Long, & Ross, 1994). The features of elaborated input make its application beneficial in any kind of language course. In addition, in the context of online teaching, elaborated input can be a powerful tool to deal with the issue of input appropriateness. This work analyzes the theoretical underpinnings of elaborated and modified-elaborated input while providing a review of the existing empirical data supporting its effectiveness.
Understanding phenomena of criminality: from dogmatic views to scientific theories
Authors: Fedorov O. V.
Published: December 2021

Criminality accompanies humanity for millennia. Despite the fact that this phenomenon has received much attention from researchers of different times and countries, its joint understanding is still missing. Taking into account the previous experience of cognition of this phenomenon, of course, should be the key to effective preventive action in current conditions.
The purpose of the paper is to explore the main approaches in understanding criminality from prehistoric times to the present.
It is claimed that historically the first awareness of mankind of socially dangerous behavior occurred during the reign of the primary tribal communities. People’s knowledge of the world around them was minimal at that time, and explanation of incomprehensible and undesirable was based only on the authority of tribal leaders and respect for social traditions. Given the actual lack of scientific and methodological basis as such, this format of views on violations of social norms can be described as a dogmatic approach.
Religions have in their arsenal views on unacceptable behavior based on the authority of the Creator. At the same time, in the theological approach there is a variety of interpretations of the causes and essence of forbidden behavior – from purely fatalistic views to the recognition of human free will in the commission of encroachments. Examples in this regard are the Laws of Manu, the Old Testament. Genesis”, Books by J. Sprenger and G. Institoris “The Hammer of Witches”, “The Sum of Theology” by Thomas Aquinas,“Confession” by Augustine Aurelius and others.
The scientific approach is characterized by the use of scientific methods of cognition in substantiating theories of criminality. The variety of views here includes theories of social causes, anthropological theories, theories of multiplicity of factors, and others.
According to the anthropological direction, the essence of criminality was associated with the manifestation of biological (anthropological) properties of a human (genetic features, endocrine system, mental state, etc.).
Sociological direction asserts the influence of social factors as factors in the formation of criminality (internal contradictions, class conflict, social exclusion, stigmatization, etc.). In this regard, there are theories that, along with the circumstances of social content as factors of crime outline also biological (anthropological).
It is concluded that in the future understanding of the phenomenon of crime should take place on the basis of a scientific approach
Entities of international-legal provision of traffic safety
Authors: Kolodyazhny M. G.
Published: December 2021

The article attempts to study the system of entities involved in the formation of the international-legal framework in the field of strengthening the traffic safety. In general, the relevance of the studied issues is outlined. Circumstances that indicate the need for an urgent solution to this acute social problem, which leads to the death and injury of millions of people every year in many countries were determined. The methodology of knowledge of participants of the international-legal maintenance of traffic safety and transport operation which includes a number of interrelated scientific parameters is offered. These are: the essential features of such subjects; their concepts; types; features of activity. The essential features of the considered subjects include: their legal status; form of activity; aim of activity. The separate criteria on which it is possible to carry out grouping of subjects in the considered sphere are specified. The position is defended that the most optimal basis for subjects classification of the international legal-provision of road traffic is their specialization. The basic subjects (specialized) and secondary subjects (non-specialized) in the specified sphere are distinguished. Particular attention is paid to specialized entities with international status: the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and others. The multidirectional work of the UN as the main international institution, which is involved in the development and adoption of relevant international legal documents in the field under study, is analyzed in detail. The directions of activity of non-specialized entities, that participate in drawing the attention of the world community to the international legal regulation of certain aspects of road transport safety are identified
Transnational crime: features and basic models
Authors: Tkachova О. V.
Published: December 2021

The study found that the features of modern transnational organized crime are: rapid adaptation to realities, instant response to changes and transformations in life and economy, the ability to improve and adjust the methods and tools used in activities; coordination; rationality; thoughtfulness and systematic actions; systematization; the desire to minimize potential risks and get the most profit and maximum profits. Such models of transnational organized crime as: corporate, trade unions, partnerships, ethnic, network are considered.
Modern transnational criminal groups, regardless of model, have been shown to be “well-concealed, well-off criminal communities with a well-defined internal structure, distribution of spheres of influence and functions, and extensive interregional or international ties. It is emphasized that now transnational crime is turning into cybercrime. This is made possible by the fact that it is easier to hide criminal activity on the Internet, anonymity is ensured, and it is possible to act uncontrollably, which, in turn, guarantees security for criminal activity
Labour Law Reforming at Qatar: comparative research
Authors: Viennikova V. V. , Kolosov I. V.
Published: December 2021

Paper proposed highlights the experience of Qatar's labor law reform, its features, peculiarities of the countries of the Muslim Legal family taking into account.
Mainly directions of aforesaid reform and structural improvements in the legal regulation of Labor Relations in comparison with the pre-reform period are determined. A comparative study with the relevant directions of industry reform in Ukraine was conducted. Similar and distinctive features, advantages and disadvantages of both systems are analyzed. Conclusions about the possibility of borrowing positive foreign experience into the domestic labor and legal reality were showed.
Studying of Labor Relations legal regulation experience in the Middle East on the example of Qatar permit to encourage colleagues to put out a scientific discussion about such types of employment contract as educational and service ones, its core conditions, consider the proposals of the trade union movement within the framework of joint committees, outline the problems of sponsorship law and repatriation in connection with subject of Labor Law, discuss problems and apply positive experience in regulating the work of home-based workers, consider the possibility of introducing the institute of anonymous complaints in labor law, pay attention to the experience of creation a labor justice system. Special attention should be paid to a physical attack on the employer or direct supervisor as reasons for termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the employer.
Simultaneously, Domestic system of labor law, although it is distinguished by more long-timed traditions of statutory guarantees in field of Labor and Social Security Law, is not without the need to borrow foreign experience in order to update it for the needs of modern social development, which should be devoted to furthermore comparative legal researches.
Correction and resocialization of convicts and related concepts
Authors: Denysov S. F. , Zaika D. Ye.
Published: December 2021

Correction and resocialization of convicts today is a stable legal structure that has been repeatedly used in legal acts and leading research. Meanwhile, historically, “correction” has been used in domestic law alongside “re-education”. “Rehabilitation” and “reintegration” are familiar to international law. The mixing and unsystematic application of the above and a number of other legal terms is not uncommon, which encourages a more detailed study of their essence and relationship between them.
The article is devoted to the research of the terms “correction”, “education”, “resocialization”, “social adaptation”, “social rehabilitation” and “reintegration”. The authors set out to focus on a generalized study of: 1) the historical context, 2) the period of existence of legal relations, defined by the relevant term, 3) the essence and content, 4) features of regulation and based on analysis of the provisions of current legislation and views in the scientific literature to outline the boundaries of each of the above terms and indicate the features of their relationship.
To conduct the widest possible analysis, the authors used the current legislation of Ukraine, domestic and foreign scientific literature, dictionaries, draft laws, provisions of ECtHR decisions, and documents prepared by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime. The analysis was conducted taking into account not only the criminal-executive understanding of the above concepts, but also their philosophical, social, political, medical and so on.
According to the results of the research, a generalized understanding of each of these terms was formed and compared with each other. The authors came to the conclusion that the current legislation needs to be modernized and brought in line with international regulations, where instead of “correction” and “resocialization” of convicts use the terms “social rehabilitation” and “reintegration”.