bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical detection in microfluidic systems
Authors: Mogensen Klaus B. , Kutter Jörg P.
Published: January 2010

Optical detection schemes continue to be favoured for measurements in microfluidic systems. A selection of the latest progress mainly within the last two years is critically reviewed. Emphasis is on integrated solutions, such as planar waveguides, coupling schemes to the outside world, evanescent‐wave based detectors and the field of optofluidics. The perspectives and limitations of the different solutions are discussed in terms of analytical performance and fabrication costs. There has been an increased focus on cheap solutions in polymer materials that are amenable for mass production in order to ease commercialisation of the devices. This work will hopefully result in more commercial products that benefit from integrated optics, because the impact on commercial devices so far has been modest.
An effective sequence characterized amplified region‐PCR method derived from restriction site‐amplified polymorphism for the identification of femaleSchistosoma japonicumof zoonotic significance
Authors: Zhao Guang‐Hui , Li Juan , Lin Rui‐Qing , Zou Feng‐Cai , Liu Wei , Yuan Zi‐Guo , Mo Xi‐Hao , Song Hui‐Qun , Weng Ya‐Biao , Zhu Xing‐Quan
Published: January 2010

In the present study, restriction site‐amplified polymorphism (RSAP) markers were used to examine the genetic variability ofSchistosoma japonicumisolates from different endemic provinces in mainland China. Of the 45 pairs of primers screened, 10 RSAP markers showed a clear banding pattern with good resolution; however, only six exhibited a polymorphism among different isolates. Among six RSAP markers, one pair of primers (R8+R10) was able to differentiate male and female parasites, and amplified one constant specific band for femaleS. japonicumisolates. The specific band was recovered, re‐amplified and sequenced, and a sequence of 162 bp was obtained. Based on this sequence, a pair of specific primers was designed and used to develop sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR)‐PCR assay for identification and differentiation of femaleS. japonicumisolates. The SCAR‐PCR assay allowed the specific identification of femaleS. japonicum, with no amplicons being amplified from maleS. japonicum,Fasciola hepatica,Clonorchis sinensis,S. mansoni(male and female parasite). DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the amplified products. The minimum amount of DNA detectable using SCAR‐PCR assay was 0.3 ng for femaleS. japonicum. The SCAR‐PCR was able to differentiate effectively the male and femaleS. japonicumworms collected from 12 geographical origins in eight endemic provinces, the gender of which was known based on the morphological and biological features. These results showed that SCAR‐PCR provides an effective tool for the sex differentiation studies ofS. japonicum, identification of femaleS. japonicum, diagnosis and epidemiological survey ofS. japonicuminfections in animals and human.
A shaken disposable bioreactor system for controlled insect cell cultivations at milliliter‐scale
Authors: Ries Christoph , John Gernot , John Corinne , Eibl Regine , Eibl Dieter
Published: January 2010

While wave‐mixed and stirred bag bioreactors are common devices for rapid, safe insect cell culture‐based production at liter‐scale, orbitally shaken disposable flasks are mainly used for screening studies at milliliter‐scale. In contrast to the two aforementioned bag bioreactor types, which can be operated with standard or disposable sensors, shaker flasks have not been instrumented until recently. The combination of 250 mL disposable shake flasks with PreSens's Shake Flask Reader enables both pH and dissolved oxygen to be measured, as well as allowing characterization of oxygen mass transfer. Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficients (kLa‐values) for PreSens 250 mL disposable shake flasks, which were determined for the first time in insect cell culture medium at varying culture volumes and shaker frequencies, ranged between 4.4 and 37.9/h. Moreover, it was demonstrated that online monitoring of dissolved oxygen in shake flasks is relevant for limitation‐free growth of insect cells up to high cell densities in batch mode (1.6×107 cells/mL) and for the efficient expression of an intracellular model protein.
Modelling landscape evolution
Authors: Tucker Gregory E. , Hancock Gregory R.
Published: January 2010

Geomorphology is currently in a period of resurgence as we seek to explain the diversity, origins and dynamics of terrain on the Earth and other planets in an era of increased environmental awareness. Yet there is a great deal we still do not know about the physics and chemistry of the processes that weaken rock and transport mass across a planet's surface. Discovering and refining the relevant geomorphic transport functions requires a combination of careful field measurements, lab experiments, and use of longer‐term natural experiments to test current theory and develop new understandings. Landscape evolution models have an important role to play in sharpening our thinking, guiding us toward the right observables, and mapping out the logical consequences of transport laws, both alone and in combination with other salient processes. Improved quantitative characterization of terrain and process, and an ever‐improving theory that describes the continual modification of topography by the many and varied processes that shape it, together with improved observation and qualitative and quantitative modelling of geology, vegetation and erosion processes, will provide insights into the mechanisms that control catchment form and function. This paper reviews landscape theory – in the form of numerical models of drainage basin evolution and the current knowledge gaps and future computing challenges that exist. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coevolution of hydrology and topography on a basalt landscape in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA
Authors: Jefferson A. , Grant G.E. , Lewis S.L. , Lancaster S.T.
Published: January 2010

Young basalt terrains offer an exceptional opportunity to study landscape and hydrologic evolution through time, since the age of the landscape itself can be determined by dating lava flows. These constructional terrains are also highly permeable, allowing one to examine timescales and process of geomorphic evolution as they relate to the partitioning of hydrologic flowpaths between surface and sub‐surface flow. The western slopes of the Cascade Range in Oregon, USA are composed of a thick sequence of lava flows ranging from Holocene to Oligocene in age, and the landscape receives abundant precipitation of between 2000 and 3500 mm per year. On Holocene and late Pleistocene lava landscapes, groundwater systems transmit most of the recharge to large springs (≥0·85 m3 s−1) with very steady hydrographs. In watersheds >1 million years old, springs are absent, and well‐developed drainage networks fed by shallow subsurface stormflow produce flashy hydrographs. Drainage density slowly increases with time in this basalt landscape, requiring a million years to double in density. Progressive hillslope steepening and fluvial incision also occur on this timescale. Springs and groundwater‐fed streams transport little sediment and hence are largely ineffective in incising river valleys, so fluvial landscape dissection appears to occur only after springs are replaced by shallow subsurface stormflow as the dominant streamflow generation mechanism. It is proposed that landscape evolution in basalt terrains is constrained by the time required for permeability to be reduced sufficiently for surface flow to replace groundwater flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled moraine development and debris transport pathways in polythermal plateau icefields: examples from Tungnafellsjökull, Iceland
Authors: Evans David J.A.
Published: January 2010

A modern landsystems analogue for plateau icefield glaciation is presented, based upon Tungnafellsjökull in the arid, cold interior of Iceland. Landform mapping and intensive clast form analysis on three separate forelands occupied during the Little Ice Age reveal variability in the morphology of moraines and the degree of clast modification, which is interpreted as a function of the complex interplay between: (a) the efficacy of glacial erosion; (b) passive versus active debris transfer mechanisms; and (c) the volume of debris provision for ice‐marginal freeze‐on mechanisms. A steep outlet bounded by rockwalls produced a landform assemblage and debris transport signature typical of valley glaciers, whereas two unconfined outlets produced a landform‐sediment imprint typical of polythermal conditions. This comprises subglacial bedforms, relating to the initiation of warm‐based ice by strain heating below icefalls at the plateau edge, terminating at arcs of ice‐cored (controlled) moraine representative of frozen snout conditions. Patterns in clast form data on the unrestricted forelands reflect the characteristics of glacier dynamics and thermal regimes at the margin of a plateau icefield, where bedrock steps of sufficient size to initiate strain heating and bedrock abrasion and plucking are located only a short distance from the marginal freeze‐on conditions of a snout creating debris‐rich folia and controlled moraine. Additional englacial debris may well have been carried to the glacier margin through the development of ogives and englacial thrusting at the base of the icefall, thereby explaining the occurrence of striae on clasts that have otherwise been little modified by glacial abrasion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solutions of peristaltic flow of Williamson fluid with radially varying MHD in an endoscope
Authors: Nadeem S. , Akbar Noreen Sher
Published: January 2010

In this article we have studied the peristaltic motion of an incompressible Williamson fluid with constant and radially varying magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in an endoscope. Using the low Reynolds and long wavelength assumptions, the equations of Williamson fluid model in simplified form are solved using (i) the HAM method and (ii) the Shooting method. The comparisons of both solutions have been found a very good agreement. Graphical results have been presented for various emerging parameters. © British Crown Copyright 2010/MOD. Reproduced with permission. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum Ferritin Concentration Predicts Mortality in Patients Awaiting Liver Transplantation
Authors: Walker Nicole M. , Stuart Katherine A. , Ryan Rebecca J. , Desai Shireena , Saab Sammy , Nicol Jennifer A. , Fletcher Linda M. , Crawford Darrell H.G.
Published: January 2010

Additional markers are required to identify patients on the orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) waiting list at increased risk of death and adverse clinical events. Serum ferritin concentration is a marker of varied pathophysiological events and is elevated with increased liver iron concentration, hepatic necroinflammation, and systemic illness, all of which may cause a deterioration in liver function and clinical status. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum ferritin concentration is an independent prognostic factor in subjects awaiting OLT. This is a dual-center retrospective study. The study cohort consisted of 191 consecutive adults with cirrhosis accepted by the Queensland (Australia) Liver Transplant Service between January 2000 and June 2006 and a validation cohort of 131 patients from University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Transplant Center. In the study cohort, baseline serum ferritin greater than 200 μg/L was an independent factor predicting increased 180-day and 1-year waiting list mortality. This effect was independent of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), hepatocellular carcinoma, age, and sex. Subjects with higher serum ferritin had increased frequency of liver-related clinical events. The relationship between serum ferritin and waiting list mortality was confirmed in the UCLA cohort; all deceased patients had serum ferritin greater than 400 μg/L. Serum ferritin greater than 500 μg/L and MELD were independent risk factors for death.

Conclusion

: Serum ferritin concentration is an independent predictor of mortality-related and liver-related clinical events. Baseline serum ferritin identifies a group of “higher-risk” patients awaiting OLT and should be investigated as an adjunct to MELD in organ allocation. (Hepatology 2010)
Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer Stem Cell Marker Cd133 by Transforming Growth Factor-β
Authors: You Hanning , Ding Wei , Rountree Bart C.
Published: January 2010

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. CD133, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is an important cell surface marker for both stem cells and cancer stem cells in various tissues including liver. CD133 expression has been recently linked to poor prognosis in HCC patients. CD133+ liver cancer cells are characterized by resistance to chemotherapy, self-renewal, multilineage potential, increased colony formation, and

in vivo

cancer initiation at limited dilution. Recent studies demonstrate that CD133 expression is regulated by DNA methylation. In this study, we explored the role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in chronic liver injury, in the regulation of CD133 expression. TGFβ1 is capable of up-regulating CD133 expression specifically within the Huh7 HCC cell line in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Most important, TGFβ1-induced CD133+ Huh7 cells demonstrate increased tumor initiation

in vivo

. Forced expression of inhibitory Smads, including Smad6 and Smad7, attenuated TGFβ1-induced CD133 expression. Within CD133− Huh7 cells, TGFβ1 stimulation inhibited the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1 and DNMT3β, which are critical in the maintenance of regional DNA methylation, and global DNMT activity in CD133− Huh7 cells was inhibited by TGFβ1. DNMT3β inhibition by TGFβ1 was partially rescued with overexpression of inhibitory Smads. Lastly, TGFβ1 treatment led to significant demethylation in

CD133

promoter-1 in CD133− Huh7 cells.

Conclusion:

TGFβ1 is able to regulate CD133 expression through inhibition of DNMT1 and DNMT3β expression and subsequent demethylation of promoter-1. TGFβ1-induced CD133+ Huh7 cells are tumorigenic. The mechanism by which TGFβ induces CD133 expression is partially dependent on the Smads pathway. Hepatology 2010
Micrornas Control Hepatocyte Proliferation During Liver Regeneration
Authors: Song Guisheng , Sharma Amar Deep , Roll Garrett R. , Ng Raymond , Lee Andrew Y. , Blelloch Robert H. , Frandsen Niels M. , Willenbring Holger
Published: January 2010

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a new class of regulators of gene expression. Among other actions, miRNAs have been shown to control cell proliferation in development and cancer. However, whether miRNAs regulate hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration is unknown. We addressed this question by performing 2/3 partial hepatectomy (2/3 PH) on mice with hepatocyte-specific inactivation of DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8), an essential component of the miRNA processing pathway. Hepatocytes of these mice were miRNA-deficient and exhibited a delay in cell cycle progression involving the G1 to S phase transition. Examination of livers of wildtype mice after 2/3 PH revealed differential expression of a subset of miRNAs, notably an induction of miR-21 and repression of miR-378. We further discovered that miR-21 directly inhibits

Btg2

, a cell cycle inhibitor that prevents activation of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), which is essential for DNA synthesis in hepatocytes after 2/3 PH. In addition, we found that miR-378 directly inhibits ornithine decarboxylase (

Odc1

), which is known to promote DNA synthesis in hepatocytes after 2/3 PH.

Conclusion

: Our results show that miRNAs are critical regulators of hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. Because these miRNAs and target gene interactions are conserved, our findings may also be relevant to human liver regeneration. (Hepatology 2010)
the Utility of Genome-Wide Association Studies in Hepatology
Authors: Karlsen Tom H. , Melum Espen , Franke Andre
Published: January 2010

Over the last 4 years, more than 450 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successfully performed in a variety of human traits, of which approximately 2% relates to the field of hepatology. Whereas the many robust susceptibility gene findings have provided insight into fundamental physiological aspects of the phenotypes that have been studied, the widespread application has also revealed important limitations of the GWAS design. This review aims to systematically summarize both the strengths and the weaknesses of GWAS, as well as underscore important experiences made in model diseases outside the field of hepatology. By reviewing the GWAS performed in hepatology so far on this broader background, extensions and guidelines for the rational application of the study design in hepatology are proposed. (Hepatology 2010)
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation‐related genes and their associations with smoking‐related cancers
Authors: Oh Sam S. , Chang Shen‐Chih , Cai Lin , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Ding Bao‐Guo , Greenland Sander , He Na , Jiang Qingwu , Kheifets Leeka , Le Anh , Lee Yuan‐Chin Amy , Liu Simin , Lu Ming‐Lan , Mao Jenny T. , Morgenstern Hal , Mu Li‐Na , Pantuck Allan , Papp Jeanette C. , Park Sungshim Lani , Rao Jian Yu , Reuter Victor E. , Tashkin Donald P. , Wang Hua , You Nai‐Chieh Y. , Yu Shun‐Zhang , Zhao Jin‐Kou , Belldegrun Arie , Zhang Zuo‐Feng
Published: January 2010

Tobacco smoke and its metabolites are carcinogens that increase tissue oxidative stress and induce target tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that genetic variation of inflammatory pathway genes plays a role in tobacco‐related carcinogenesis and is modified by tobacco smoking. We evaluated the association of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation‐related genes with tobacco‐related cancers (lung, oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, bladder, and kidney) using 3 case‐control studies from: Los Angeles (population‐based; 611 lung and 553 upper aero‐digestive tract cancer cases and 1,040 controls), Taixing, China (population‐based; 218 esophagus, 206 stomach, 204 liver cancer cases, and 415 controls), and Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (hospital‐based; 227 bladder cancer cases and 211 controls). After adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, gender, and tobacco smoking, IL10 rs1800871 was inversely associated with oropharyngeal cancer (CT+TT vs. CC adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.95), and was positively associated with lung cancer among never smokers (TT vs. CT+CC aOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3–5.1) and inversely with oropharyngeal cancer among ever smokers (CT+TT vs. CC aOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41–0.95). Among all pooled never smokers (588 cases and 816 controls), TNF rs1799964 was inversely associated with smoking‐related cancer (CC vs. CT+TT aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17–0.77). Bayesian correction for multiple comparisons suggests that chance is unlikely to explain our findings (although epigenetic mechanisms may be in effect), which support our hypotheses, suggesting that IL10 rs1800871 is a susceptibility marker for oropharyngeal and lung cancers, and that TNF rs1799964 is associated with smoking‐related cancers among never smokers.
Flood management and flood warning system in China
Authors: Ma Jianming , Tan Xuming , Zhang Nianqiang
Published: January 2010

This paper briefly introduces the flood disaster situation in China. After reviewing the strategic adjustments on flood management, the achievements related to the flood warning system are described. More specifically, non‐structural measures on flash flood management are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Canal water management: Case study of upper Chenab Canal in Pakistan
Authors: Shakir A. S. , Khan N. M. , Qureshi M. M.
Published: January 2010

Increasing world population requires that crop production from irrigated areas needs to be enhanced by as much as 40% by the year 2025. This necessitates that the canal water management system be revisited and possible improvements suggested and implemented. The daily reference evapotranspiration for the Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) is estimated using the Penmann–Monteith equation 2000. Meteorological data of Sialkot station has been employed on a daily basis for a period of 8 years (1999–2006). The crop water requirements have been estimated using reference evapotranspiration, crop coefficients and cropping periods for different crops cultivated according to existing cropping pattern. Crop staggering has also been incorporated into the study. The comparison of actual canal water supplies and crop water requirements indicated an annual shortage of more than 40%, which may reduce slightly if allocated water supplies according to the Water Apportionment Accord 1991 can be ensured. The maximum deficit is 320 m3 s−1 and occurs in the month of August. This shortfall is normally met by pumping low‐quality groundwater, which is increasing secondary salinity in the area. Possible options for better water management in the UCC command area to optimize crop yields are presented, and it is recommended to look into demand side management including canal lining and on‐farm water management practices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gonadotropin‐regulated testicular RNA helicase (GRTH/DDX25) gene: Cell‐specific expression and transcriptional regulation by androgen in transgenic mouse testis
Authors: Tsai‐Morris Chon‐Hwa , Sheng Yi , Gutti Ravi , Li Jie , Pickel James , Dufau Maria L.
Published: January 2010

Gonadotropin‐regulated testicular RNA helicase is a multifunctional enzyme present in both Leydig and germ cells that is essential for the progress of spermatogenesis. GRTH gene expression is transcriptionally upregulated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) via second messenger (cAMP) and androgen in Leydig cells. The regulatory region(s) in the GRTH gene that is/are required for its cell‐specific expression in the testis and hCG/androgen dependent expression were investigated in transgenic mice carrying sequential deletions of 5′ flanking sequences of the GRTH gene. GFP‐reporter gene expression directed by the GRTH 5′ flanking sequences extending to −3.6 kb was specifically located in Leydig cells and the 205 bp minimal promoter domain was sufficient for this cell‐specific expression. The 1 kb (5′ to the ATG codon) transgene‐directed expression was markedly increased by in vivo hCG treatment. Administration of the androgen receptor inhibitor Flutamide blocked the basal and hCG stimulated GFP expression in Leydig cells. We conclude that the expression of GRTH in testicular cells is differentially regulated by its 5′ flanking sequence and that the 1 kb fragment of GRTH gene contains sequences for androgen regulation of its expression in Leydig cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1142–1147, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and validation of the chinese rehearsal scale for preadolescent chinese children
Authors: Ling Fiona C.M. , Maxwell Jonathan P. , Masters Richard S.W. , McManus Alison M.
Published: January 2010

Roger (1997) defined rehearsal as “the tendency to rehearse or ruminate on emotionally upsetting events” (p. 71). The Rehearsal Scale for Children–Chinese (RSC‐C) was developed from the original 14‐item Rehearsal Scale of the Emotion Control Questionnaire (Roger & Nesshoever, 1987) after translation and modification for Hong Kong Chinese preadolescents (aged 6–12 years). Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling revealed that with 1 item deleted from the original scale, the RSC‐C possessed good internal validity and satisfactory test‐retest reliability within a 1‐year period. The new 13‐item RSC‐C also showed good external validity and internal reliability (α=.76). Convergent and discriminant validity was evidenced against the Emotional Problem and the Prosocial Behavior Subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997), respectively. No gender differences in rehearsal scores were found. It was concluded that the 13‐item RSC‐C could be useful for measuring rehearsal in Chinese preadolescents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66: 1–10, 2010.
Myogenic skeletal muscle satellite cells communicate by tunnelling nanotubes
Authors: Tavi Pasi , Korhonen Topi , Hänninen Sandra L. , Bruton Joseph D. , Lööf Sara , Simon Andras , Westerblad Håkan
Published: January 2010

Quiescent satellite cells sit on the surface of the muscle fibres under the basal lamina and are activated by a variety of stimuli to disengage, divide and differentiate into myoblasts that can regenerate or repair muscle fibres. Satellite cells adopt their parent's fibre type and must have some means of communication with the parent fibre. The mechanisms behind this communication are not known. We show here that satellite cells form dynamic connections with muscle fibres and other satellite cells by F‐actin based tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs). Our results show that TNTs readily develop between satellite cells and muscle fibres. Once developed, TNTs permit transport of intracellular material, and even cellular organelles such as mitochondria between the muscle fibre and satellite cells. The onset of satellite cell differentiation markers Pax‐7 and MyoD expression was slower in satellite cells cultured in the absence than in the presence of muscle cells. Furthermore physical contact between myofibre and satellite cell progeny is required to maintain subtype identity. Our data establish that TNTs constitute an integral part of myogenic cell communication and that physical cellular interaction control myogenic cell fate determination. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 376–383, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure of Toll‐like receptors 4 to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impairs human colonic smooth muscle cell function
Authors: Scirocco Annunziata , Matarrese Paola , Petitta Chiara , Cicenia Alessia , Ascione Barbara , Mannironi Cecilia , Ammoscato Francesca , Cardi Maurizio , Fanello Gianfranco , Guarino Michele P.L. , Malorni Walter , Severi Carola
Published: January 2010

Endotoxemia by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to affect gut motility specifically depending on Toll‐like receptor 4 activation (TLR4). However, the direct impact of LPS ligation to TLR4 on human smooth muscle cells (HSMC) activity still remains to be elucidated. The present study shows that TLR4, its associated molecule MD2, and TLR2 are constitutively expressed on cultured HSMC and that, once activated, they impair HSMC function. The stimulation of TLR4 by LPS induced a time‐ and dose‐dependent contractile dysfunction, which was associated with a decrease of TLR2 messenger, a rearrangement of microfilament cytoskeleton and an oxidative imbalance, i.e., the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) together with the depletion of GSH content. An alteration of mitochondria, namely a hyperpolarization of their membrane potential, was also detected. Most of these effects were partially prevented by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin or the NFκB inhibitor MG132. Finally, a 24 h washout in LPS‐free medium almost completely restored morphofunctional and biochemical HSMC resting parameters, even if GSH levels remained significantly lower and no recovery was observed in TLR2 expression. Thus, the exposure to bacterial endotoxin directly and persistently impaired gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity indicating that HSMC actively participate to dysmotility during infective burst. The knowledge of these interactions might provide novel information on the pathogenesis of infection‐associated gut dysmotility and further clues for the development of new therapeutic strategies. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 442–450, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of OCTN2 and OCTN3 in the apical membrane of rat renal cortex and medulla
Authors: Cano M.M. , Calonge M.L. , Ilundain A.A.
Published: January 2010

Immunological assays and transport measurements in apical membrane vesicles revealed that the apical membrane of rat kidney cortex and medulla presents OCTN2 and OCTN3 proteins and transportsL‐[3H]‐carnitine in a Na+‐dependent and ‐independent manner. OCTN2 mediates the Na+/L‐carnitine transport activity measured in medulla because (i) the transport showed the same characteristics as the cortical Na+/L‐carnitine transporter and (ii) the medulla expressed OCTN2 mRNA and protein. The Na+‐independentL‐carnitine transport activity appears to be mediated by both OCTN2 and OCTN3 since: (i) Na+‐independentL‐carnitine uptake was inhibited by both, anti‐OCTN2 and anti‐OCTN3 antibodies, (ii) kinetics studies revealed the involvement of a high‐ and a low‐affinity transport systems, and (iii) Western and immunohistochemistry studies revealed that OCTN3 protein is located at the apical membrane of the kidney epithelia. The Na+‐independentL‐carnitine uptake exhibited trans‐stimulation by intravesicularL‐carnitine or betaine. This trans‐stimulation was inhibited by anti‐OCTN3 antibody, but not by anti‐OCTN2 antibody, indicating that OCTN3 can function as anL‐carnitine/organic compound exchanger. This is the first report showing a functional apical OCTN2 in the renal medulla and a functional apical OCTN3 in both renal cortex and medulla. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 451–459, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nmp4/CIZ inhibits mechanically induced β‐catenin signaling activity in osteoblasts
Authors: Yang Zhouqi , Bidwell Joseph P. , Young Suzanne R. , Gerard‐O'Riley Rita , Wang Haifang , Pavalko Fredrick M.
Published: January 2010

Cellular mechanotransduction, the process of converting mechanical signals into biochemical responses within cells, is a critical aspect of bone health. While the effects of mechanical loading on bone are well recognized, elucidating the specific molecular pathways involved in the processing of mechanical signals by bone cells represents a challenge and an opportunity to identify therapeutic strategies to combat bone loss. In this study we have for the first time examined the relationship between the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor nuclear matrix protein‐4/cas interacting zinc finger protein (Nmp4/CIZ) and β‐catenin signaling in response to a physiologic mechanical stimulation (oscillatory fluid shear stress, OFSS) in osteoblasts. Using calvaria‐derived osteoblasts from Nmp4‐deficient and wild‐type mice, we found that the normal translocation of β‐catenin to the nucleus in osteoblasts that is induced by OFSS is enhanced when Nmp4/CIZ is absent. Furthermore, we found that other aspects of OFSS‐induced mechanotransduction generally associated with the β‐catenin signaling pathway, including ERK, Akt, and GSK3β activity, as well as expression of the β‐catenin‐responsive protein cyclin D1 are also enhanced in cells lacking Nmp4/CIZ. Finally, we found that in the absence of Nmp4/CIZ, OFSS‐induced cytoskeletal reorganization and the formation of focal adhesions between osteoblasts and the extracellular substrate is qualitatively enhanced, suggesting that Nmp4/CIZ may reduce the sensitivity of bone cells to mechanical stimuli. Together these results provide experimental support for the concept that Nmp4/CIZ plays an inhibitory role in the response of bone cells to mechanical stimulation induced by OFSS. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 435–441, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TLR4‐dependent induction of vascular adhesion molecule‐1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts: Roles of cytosolic phospholipase A2α/cyclooxygenase‐2
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Ying , Chi Pei‐Ling , Hsieh Hsi‐Lung , Luo Shue‐Fen , Yang Chuen‐Mao
Published: January 2010

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐mediated signaling pathways have caught the attention of strategies designed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we identified that cPLA2α acted as a modulator of LPS‐induced VCAM‐1 expression and THP‐1 (human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) adherence. Treatment of RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) with LPS, a TLR4 agonist, promoted the VCAM‐1 expression and THP‐1 adherence which were decreased by pretreatment with a selective cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) inhibitor (AACOCF3), implying the involvement of cPLA2α in these responses. This notion was further confirmed by knockdown of cPLA2α expression by transfection with cPLA2α small interfering RNA (siRNA) leading to a decrease in VCAM‐1 expression and THP‐1 adherence induced by LPS. Subsequently, the LPS‐stimulated cPLA2α phosphorylation was attenuated by pretreatment with a MEK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), suggesting that LPS‐stimulated cPLA2α phosphorylation and activity are mediated through an ERK‐dependent mechanism. Moreover, COX‐2‐derived PGE2 production appeared to involve in LPS‐induced VCAM‐1 expression which was attenuated by pretreatment with selective COX‐2 inhibitors (NS‐398 and celecoxib), transfection with COX‐2 siRNA, or PGE2 receptor antagonists. In addition, pretreatment with ecosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a substrate competitor of arachidonic acid (AA), also blocked LPS‐induced VCAM‐1 mRNA and protein expression, and THP‐1 adherence. Collectively, these results suggest that LPS‐induced VCAM‐1 expression and adhesion of THP‐1 cells are mediated through the TLR4/ERK/cPLA2α phosphorylation and COX‐2 expression/PGE2 synthesis in RASFs. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 480–491, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histone modifications: crucial elements for damage response and chromatin restoration
Authors: Zhu Qianzheng , Wani Altaf A.
Published: January 2010

Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into chromatin from repeated nucleosome arrays in which DNA sequences wrap around histones. Chromatin organization has profound influence on DNA‐templated processes such as transcription, DNA replication, and repair. Recent studies have also revealed chromatin dynamics as an active contributor to diverse DNA damage responses (DDR). Here, we review recent progress in histone modification related to DDR and post‐repair chromatin restoration at the sites of DNA damage. We discuss how the timing and features of histone modifications would provide the initial as well as the final guidance for DDR, and the prospect that modifications may challenge the epigenetic stability of repaired cells and serve as damage memory in chromatin. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 283–288, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coactivator recruitment: A new role for PAS domains in transcriptional regulation by the bHLH‐PAS family
Authors: Partch Carrie L. , Gardner Kevin H.
Published: January 2010

Transcriptional regulation is dependent on layers of interactions between transcription factors and coactivators, controlling the specificity, temporal regulation, and extent to which transcriptional programs are executed. A key issue in the field of transcriptional regulation is to identify structural mechanisms by which transcription factors and coactivators build hierarchical protein assemblies. The basic helix‐loop‐helix Per‐ARNT‐Sim domain (bHLH‐PAS) family of transcriptional regulators comprises both transcription factors and coactivators, which have different functions despite conserved domain architecture. Within this family, the tandem PAS domains typically mediate dimerization of the transcription factors, while C‐terminal transactivation domains facilitate the dynamic interplay between transcription factors and coactivators. However, recent studies have shown that the modular PAS domains play an important role in regulating coactivator recruitment and oligomerization status. In this study, we provide a brief overview of the structural and functional studies that have identified a novel protein interaction interface on PAS domains utilized by both transcription factors and coactivators within the bHLH‐PAS family. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:553–557, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in the secretome of cartilage explants and cultured chondrocytes unveiled by SILAC technology
Authors: Polacek Martin , Bruun Jack‐Ansgar , Johansen Oddmund , Martinez Inigo
Published: January 2010

The main goal of our study was to analyze and compare the profiles of secreted proteins from adult human articular chondrocytes in monolayers, and cartilage explants in culture, using a de novo protein labeling approach. Stable isotope labeling of proteins in culture was used to differentiate between chondrocyte‐derived proteins and other preexisting matrix‐derived components, or proteins coming from serum or synovial fluids. Proteins in culture supernatants were resolved by one‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis, and analyzed in tandem with LC/MS‐MS (liquid chromatography/double mass spectrometry). Results from stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) were validated by specific immunoblotting of four relevant proteins identified in the secretion media. After 8–10 days of culture, over 90% of proteins secreted during monolayer growth contained 13C6‐Arg and 13C6‐Lys. Nonlabeled proteins corresponded mostly to plasma‐associated proteins, indicating background contamination of medium with serum remnants. The majority of the secreted proteins in 2D cultures were extracellular matrix components and matrix regulators, along with some inflammatory agents and metabolic enzymes. In explants, only 25%–30% of proteins were labeled with heavy amino acids, corresponding to matrix regulators and carrier molecules. Nonlabeled proteins corresponded primarily to structural matrix components. In qualitative terms, all labeled proteins coming from cartilage explants were also found in chondrocytes supernatants. In summary, our results show differences in the labeling pattern of proteins found in supernatants from explants and monolayers. Most proteins found in the media of explants were subproducts of matrix turnover rather than newly synthesized. To our knowledge, this study is the first one so far applying SILAC technology in the context of cartilage and chondrocytes physiology. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1040–1049, 2010
Surgery in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: Benefits on Survival for patients with residual disease of 0.1–1 cm after secondary cytoreduction
Authors: Tian Wen‐Juan , Jiang Rong , Cheng Xi , Tang Jie , Xing Yan , Zang Rong‐Yu
Published: January 2010

Aims

Recent retrospective trials stated that a benefit of surgery for recurrent ovarian cancer may be limited to patients in whom a complete cytoreduction (R0) could be achieved. Most of them pointed out there was no difference in survival between residual disease of 0.1–1 cm (R1) and >1 cm (R2). The aim of this study was to evaluate survival benefits from cytoreduction to R1.

Methods

Between 2002 and 2006, 123 patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing secondary cytoreduction were identified from tumor registry databases.

Results

The median age at recurrence was 51 years (range: 28–84). Fifty‐one (41.5%) patients had R0, 46 (37.4%) patients had R1, and 26 (21.1%) patients had R2 resection. The median survival of the entire cohort was 31.7 months, with an estimated 5‐year survival of 31.1%. The median survival and estimated 5‐year survival for patients with R1 were 31.1 months and 23.9%, and there were significant differences in survival when compared to 15.6 months and 6.4% in R2 (χ2 = 7.45, P = 0.006), 63.2 months (mean survival) and 54.4% in complete cytoreduction (χ2 = 8.93, P = 0.0028).

Conclusions

Complete secondary cytoreduction is the strongest survival determinant in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, whereas patients with residual disease of 0.1–1 cm may also benefit from secondary cytoreduction. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:244–250. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent developments and applications of stir bar sorptive extraction
Authors: Lancas Fernando M. , Queiroz Maria Eugênia C. , Grossi Paula , Olivares Igor R. B.
Published: January 2010

The theoretical aspects of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), as well as the recent applications of this technique in pharmaceutical, biomedical, environmental, and food analysis, and recently developed new coating procedures are reviewed. A general overview of the important factors to be evaluated in the optimization of extraction efficiency such as extraction time, matrix pH, ionic strength, effect of organic additives, temperature, agitation, pre‐extraction derivatization reactions, influence of proteins, and desorption conditions are discussed. An impressive number of applications using SBSE have been published in different areas including biological, environmental, and food, showing the advantages of this technique over the classical extraction techniques (liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE), Soxhlet). Although the different SBSE applications use PDMS phase as sorbent, developments of new phases are necessary for specific applications. In this review, recent SBSE developments are shown with a focus on the development of new instrumental approaches and sorbent phases.
Simultaneous analysis of endogenetic and ectogenic plant hormones by pressurized capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Lu Qiaomei , Zhang Lan , Chen Lihui , Lu Minghua , Tong Ping , Chen Guonan
Published: January 2010

Pressurized CEC (pCEC) with UV detection was developed for the simultaneous analysis of endogenetic and ectogenic plant hormones. Effects of some crucial factors including mobile phase, buffer concentration, pH value and applied voltage on pCEC separation were investigated, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, namely a packed capillary column (3 μm Hypersil C18, 45 cm total length with 100 μm id×20 cm effective length) as the separation channel; ACN: 10 mmol/L phosphate (50:50, v/v, %) as the mobile phase, pH 4.0; pump flow rate 0.035 mL/min; separation voltage −10 kV; UV wavelength 222 nm, a complete separation of five hormones was accomplished. The pCEC assay presented good linearity (0.8–100 μg/mL), with LOD of 0.2 μg/mL and R in range of 0.998–0.999. Meanwhile, a lack‐of‐fit test was performed to evaluate these linear models. Results showed that no significant lack‐of‐fit was observed and these models were appropriate (α=0.05).
Chemical fingerprint of commercial Radix Echinopsis and quantitative analysis of α‐terthienyl
Authors: Qiao Xue , Han Jian , He Wen‐ni , Wu Tao , Wang Bao‐rong , Ye Min , Guo De‐an
Published: January 2010

New TLC, HPLC and LC/MS methods were developed for the rapid separation, characterization and quantitation of thiophenes in Radix Echinopsis, a herbal medicine, which has been used in China for long history. Nineteen commercial batches of this herb were analyzed by TLC and HPLC. Only five batches were derived from correct species. The other 14 batches were identified as its adulterating species, Radix Rhapontici, as they did not contain characteristic thiophenes of Echinopsis species. By LC/MS, 16 thiophenes were identified from the methanol extracts of Radix Echinopsis and Radix Rhapontici according to their fragmentation behaviors in MS/MS. In addition, a fully validated HPLC method was established to determine the contents of α‐terthienyl in Radix Echinopsis. The contents ranged from 2.7 to 5.2 mg/g for five tested samples. The methods in this paper were simple and reliable, and could be used for the comprehensive quality control of Radix Echinopsis.
Studying the processes during implementation of enterprise systems
Authors: Sedmak Melissa
Published: January 2010

This paper explores the processes that occur during the implementation of an enterprise system (ES). It seeks to identify the most prevalent and/or that which has the most impact on the implementation. Data was collected through a case study of a SAP implementation on the UK site of an international durables manufacturing company. The research questions focus on the method for capturing and analysing process related data, as well as on what the actual processes are. Communication was found to be the most prevalent of processes highlighted by the interviewees. The implications for research and practice are discussed and directions for further research suggested. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
diodenlaser in der Solarzellenproduktion
Authors: Horn Wolfgang , Neukum Jörg
Published: January 2010

Laser sind in der Produktion von Solarzellen weit verbreitet. So werden z.B. gepulste nd:YAg‐ oder nd:YV04 Laser für die Kantenisolation eingesetzt. Rückseitige elektrische Kontakte durch Laserbohren sowie das Schneiden und Vereinzeln von Siliziumwafern sind ebenfalls akzeptierte Laserverfahren in der Solarzellenproduktion. bei diesen genannten Verfahren wird ein gepulster Laser mit hoher Spitzenleistung und guter Strahlqualität eingesetzt.

Hochleistungs‐diodenlaser können zwar nicht mit diesen Parametern aufwarten, bieten jedoch Vorteile wenn kompakte CW‐Strahlquellen mit Fokusgrö�en im Millimeterbereich eingesetzt werden sollen. im Folgenden werden Anwendungen aus dem bereich der Solarzellenproduktion beschrieben, wie das Löten, die Rekristallisierung oder auch die Trocknung. All diese Anwendungen haben gemeinsam, dass gezielt Wärme in den bereich von einigen Quadratmillimetern eingebracht wird.
Effect of Hydration on Silk Film Material Properties
Authors: Lawrence Brian D. , Wharram Scott , Kluge Jonathan A. , Leisk Gary G. , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. , Rosenblatt Mark I. , Kaplan David L.
Published: January 2010

Effects of hydration on silk fibroin film properties were investigated for water‐annealed and MeOH‐treated samples. Hydration increased thickness by 60% for MeOH‐immersed films, while water‐annealed samples remained constant. MeOH‐immersed films showed an 80% mass loss due to water, while water‐annealed lost only 40%. O2 permeability was higher in MeOH‐immersed films with Dk values of 10−10 (mL O2 · cm) · (cm−1 · s−1 · mmHg−1), while those of water‐annealed films reached only one fifth of this value. All films showed a decrease in Young's modulus and increased plastic deformation by two orders of magnitude when submerged in saline solution. FT‐IR showed that β‐sheet content in water‐annealed films increased with increasing water vapor pressure, while MeOH‐immersed films showed no change.

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Nano‐Encapsulation of Lipase by Self‐Assembled Nanogels: Induction of High Enzyme Activity and Thermal Stabilization
Authors: Sawada Shin‐ichi , Akiyoshi Kazunari
Published: January 2010

The effects of self‐assembled polysaccharide nanogels on colloidal and thermal stability of lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia were investigated. The enzyme activity, especially kcat, drastically increased in the presence of nanogels of cholesterol‐bearing pullulan (CHP). The thermostability of lipase complex increased because the denaturation temperature of lipase increased by more than 20 °C by complexation with CHP nanogels. Lipase denaturation and aggregation upon heating was effectively prevented by complexation with CHP nanogels. Moreover, complexation with CHP nanogels protected lipase from lyophilization‐induced aggregation. Nano‐encapsulation with CHP nanogel is a useful method for colloidal and thermal stabilization of unstable enzyme.

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Synthesis and Electro‐Optical Properties of a Novel DNA–Lipid Complex Carrying Carbazole Moieties
Authors: Qu Jinqing , Liu Lujing , Chen Huanqin , Ogata Naoya , Masuda Toshio
Published: January 2010

A novel DNA–lipid complex carrying carbazole (Cz) moieties was prepared by substituting the sodium counter cation with cationic lipid, namely lipid(2Cz), in which the actual mole ratio of phosphate to lipid was 1:1.05. The DNA–lipid(2Cz) complex was soluble in common organic solvents including CHCl3, CH2Cl2, methanol, and ethanol, while insoluble in THF, toluene, and water. CD spectroscopy revealed that the DNA–lipid complex took a predominantly double helical structure in methanol and that the helical structure was fairly stable against heating. A solution of the DNA–lipid(2Cz) complex emitted fluorescence in 40.0% quantum yield, which was lower than that of the corresponding lipid(2Cz) (76%). The cyclic voltammograms of the complex indicated that the oxidation potential of DNA–lipid(2Cz) was 0.65 V. The onset temperature of weight loss of the DNA–lipid complex is 230 °C according to TGA in air.

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