bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No-Modified Saquinavir is Equally Efficient Against Doxorubicin Sensitive and Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells / MODIFIKOVANA KOVANA FORMA SAKVINAVIRA EFIKASNO SU PRIMI RA RAST ĆELIJA NESITNOĆELIJSKOG KARCINOMA PLUĆA RAZLIČITE OSETUIVOSTI NA DOKSORUBICIN
Authors: Mijatović Sanja , Pešić Milica , Mojić Marija , Banković Jasna , Miljković Đorde , Fagone Paolo , Mangano Katia , Nicoletti Ferdinando , McCubrey James , Tanić Nikola , Maksimović-Ivanić Danijela
Published: October 2013

Background: The NO-modified form of the HIV inhibitor saquinavir (Saq-NO) inhibited the growth of a variety of can- cer cell lines in vitro and in vivo more potently than the orig- inal compound in a nontoxic fashion. In addition, chemo- and immunosensitizing properties were observed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate its anticancer action against non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in their doxoru- bicin (DOXO) sensitive and resistant phenotype (NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/R).

Methods: The viability of cells was analyzed by MTT and crystal violet assays. DR5 expression was estimated by real time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pumps was evaluated by the Rho123 accumulation assay.

Results: Saq-NO diminished the viability of lung cancer cells through induction of cell cycle arrest in the Gq/G1 phase in- dependently of the overexpression of the P-gp pumps. In addition, Saq-NO elevated or completely reconstituted the doxorubicin efficacy in NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/R, respec- tively. The chemosensitizing effect in DOXO resistant cells was a consequence of P-gp inhibition which was found to be more potent than that observed with dex-verapamil, a con- ventional inhibitor of P-gp. Sensitization to DOXO upon Saq- NO was accompanied by elevated DR5 expression, but the resistance to TRAIL was not abrogated.

Conclusions: The NO-modified HIV inhibitor saquinavir dis- played equal antiproliferative and chemosensitizing proper- ties in DOXO sensitive and resistant non-small cell lung car- cinoma cells, suggesting the importance of the evaluation of this drug as an antineoplastic agent.
Amplification of Cycline D1, C-MYC And EGFR Oncogenes in Tumour Samples of Breast Cancer Patients / AMPLIFIKACIJA CIKLIN D1, C-MYC AND EGFR ONKOGENA U TUMORSKIM UZORCIMA PACIJENTKINJA OBOLELIH OD KANCERA DOJKE
Authors: Tanić Nasta , Milinković Vedrana , Dramićanin Tatjana , Nedeljković Milica , Stanković Tijana , Milovanović Zorka , Šušnjar Šnežana , Milošević Verica , Šošić-Jurjević Branka , Džodić Radan , Tanić Nikola
Published: October 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women. It arises from multiple genetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Among so far studied oncogenes relatively few, including epdermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclinD1 (CCND1)and cmyc, have been found to play an important role in progression of this type of human malignancy. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic potential of CCND1, c-myc and EGFR amplification and their possible cooperation in breast carcinogenesis.

Methods: Copy number analyses of CCND1 and c-myc genes were done by TaqMan based quantitative real time PCR. Am pli fication status of EGFR was determined by differential PCR.

Results: Amplification of CCND1, c-myc and EGFR onco- gene has been found in 20.4%, 26.5% and 26.5% of breast cancer cases, respectively. Analysis showed that amplification of CCND1 oncogene was significantly associated with the stage II of disease while amplification of EGFR gene was sig- nificantly associated with overexpression of HER-2/neu. Tu- mour stage and expression of HER-2/neu appeared to be significant predictors of patient's outcome. Stage I patients lived significantly longer then stage III patients (p=0.04) while patients with FiER-2/neu overexpression had worse prognoses and lived significantly shorter (p=0.001). Finally, survival of patients who underwent hormone therapy only was significantly longer (p=0.001) then survival of the rest of patients.

Conclusions: Amplification of CCND1 or EGFR oncogene is associated with the progression of breast cancer and bad prognosis. No co-ordination in amplification of CCND1, c- myc and EGFR oncogenes were established in this cohort of breast cancer patients.
Cheating is the Name of the Game - Conventional Cheating Arguments Fail to Articulate Moral Responses to Doping
Authors: Atry Ashkan , Hansson Mats G. , Kihlbom Ulrik
Published: October 2013

One of the most common arguments in the discussion on doping is that it represents a form of cheating. In this paper it is argued that common doping-is-cheating arguments based on notions of rule-violation and unfair advantage are inadequate, since they treat cheating as distinct from the structure and the logic of competitive sport. An alternative approach to cheating in sport as regards performance enhancement will be offered based on the ethics of participation in interpersonal relationships. This participatory perspective points towards the need to broaden our conception of agency and moral responsibility in relation to doping, beyond the notion of the individual “drug-cheat” who acts in a vacuum.
Testing of the Relative Precision in Local Network with Use of the Trimble Geo XR GNSS Receivers
Authors: Štroner Martin , Urban Rudolf , Královič Jakub
Published: October 2013

The paper deal with testing of different GNSS measurement methods in highly accurate network for the objectives of engineering surveying. The test is comprised of a set of measurement acquired by particular GNSS methods with different observation length. For purposes of the test, an appropriate network of five points in local system was created and accurately trigonometrically measured. The result of testing is a comparison of individual methods in position using two dimensional congruent transformation and in height using one dimensional congruent transformation.
Monitoring the Dynamic Deformation of the Bridge Structures by Accelerometers
Authors: Lipták Imrich
Published: October 2013

The paper presents current trends in determining the dynamic deformations of bridge structures through the exploitation of geodetic measurements by accelerometers. The main aim of the paper is to demonstrate the practical application of these measurements on the cycling bridge over the river Morava in Devínska Nová Ves. Possibilities for the processing and analysis of accelerometer measurements by spectral analysis are described. An evaluation of the results is realized based on the modal characteristics from a numerical model designed by the finite element method.
Performance of different luminescence approaches for the dating of known-age glaciofluvial deposits from northern Switzerland
Authors: Gaar Dorian , Lowick Sally , Preusser Frank
Published: October 2013

Luminescence properties of two samples taken from sand lenses in proglacial outwash de-posits of a piedmont glacier that reached the Swiss midlands during the Last Glacial Maximum are investigated in detail. Deconvolution of CW-OSL decay curves shows that the fast component dominates the OSL signal of quartz. The chemistry of single feldspar grains, in particular the K content in different grains, is determined using wavelength dispersive spectrometry (electron microprobe), revealing an average 12.9 wt.% K of the grains contributing to the IRSL signal. D
e distributions are investigated in order to gain insights into partial bleaching, and agreement is found for quartz OSL and feldspar IR50 and pIRIR225 ages for small aliquots and single grains when applying the Minimum Age Model. These ages are also consistent with independent age control. For one sample, ages determined using the Central Age Model result in highly overestimated ages for both feldspar and quartz.
Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Sheep in the Gaibandha District of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MS , Rahaman MN , Islam MT , Sarker RR , Sarker MAS , Sarabontuhura M , Chakrabartty A , Akther L , Uddin MJ
Published: October 2013

Brucellosis is an important zoonoses causing signififant economic loss but is very often neglected in Bangladesh. Therefore, a survey was undertaken to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep of selected areas (Gaibandha sadar and Gobindagonj upazilas) in the Gaibandha districts of Bangladesh. A total of 206 sera samples were collected from sheep and were tested for presence of Brucella specific antibody by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) as screening test and the RBPT positive samples were further confirmed using indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Information of sheep's age, sex, housing system, pregnancy status, abortion and reproductive disorder were collected using questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep was recorded as 3.39% in RBPT and 2.91% in i-ELISA. The prevalence of brucellosis in female sheep (3.41%) was higher than male (3.33%). The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep with abortion history was higher (4.34%) than the sheep with no abortion (3.08%). The highest prevalence of brucellosis (4.00%) was found in sheep keeping with others species such as cattle and goat compared to the sheep keeping alone (1.79%). The higher rate (4.59%) of Brucella antibody was recorded in sheep of 1-2 years of age. Brucellosis might be an important hinders for sheep production in Bangladesh. The present study will help to develop an appropriate prevention strategy for brucellosis in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16562Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 25  32, 2012
Factors Related to Small Scale Beef Fattening Programs in Dinajpur District of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Z , Hossain MM , Hashem MA , Azad MAK , Khatun H
Published: October 2013

The experiment was conducted to investigate the factors related to small scale beef fattening programs in three upazilas (Birganj, Kaharul, and Khansama) under Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. Data were collected using an interview schedule from randomly selected 75 farmers who were involved in small scale beef fattening programs. In this study out of the 75 farmers 54.7% are involved in agriculture, 26.7% in business, 13.3% in service and 5.3% in beef fattening. About 44.7% farmers fattened beef for 3 months. Fifty six percent farmers used own capital for beef fattening, 24% took bank loan and remaining farmers lending from others sources. About 57.3% farmers had taken short training on beef fattening whereas about 42.7% did not take any training on beef fattening. More than 34.7% farmers used beef fattening tablets, 28.0% Urea Molasses Straw (UMS), 26.7% used Urea Molasses Block (UMB) in beef fattening. Sixty six percent farmers reported shortages of animal feed, 50% reported lack of credit and 93.3% reported high cost of feed as the major problems of small scale beef fattening. In conclusion, the result of present study would be useful information to farmers and researchers to identify the management of small scale beef fattening practices in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16563Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 33  38, 2012
Relationship between Total Length and Digestive Tract of Different Carnivorous Fishes
Authors: Rahman MM , Alam MMM , Zaman T
Published: October 2013

The study was conducted to find out the relationship between total length and alimentary canal of different carnivorous fishes. The morphometry associated with the feeding and digestion of one hundred eighty fishes of 9 species was studied. It was observed that well-defined sharp teeth were present on both jawsof the fishes examined. It was also found that the fishes had rough surface pharyngeal pads. The total length of Johnius koitor, Channa orientalis, Channapunctatus, Mvstus vittatus, Glossogobius giuris, Nandus nandus, Eleotris fusca and Anabas testudineus were 1.28 to 1.72, 2.90 to 3.17, 2.22 to 2.70, 2.00 to 2.40, 3.00 to4.50, 1.20 to 1.50, 1.40 to 2.36 and 1.48 to 1.64 times greater than the intestinal length, respectively and the intestinal lengths were 5.45 to 6.02, 1.30 to 1.70, 1.70 to 2.10, 3.60 to 4.10, 2.10 to 2.50, 2.90 to 3.20, 2.00 to 12.00 and 3.00 to 5.30 times longer than the stomach of the fishes, respectively. The total length of Xenontodon cancila was 9.20 to 9.80 times greater than the intestinal length and the stomach length was 1.90 to 2.20 times greater than the intestinal length with an average of 2.00 times.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16564Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 39  49, 2012
Determination of Optimum Harvesting Time for Periphyton Production on Artificial Substrates
Authors: Zaman T , Alam MMM
Published: October 2013

The experiment was conducted in two cement made cisterns for a four-week period. Important physico-chemical water quality parameters and harvesting time in periphyton production were studied. During the study period, four groups of phytoplankton and two groups of zooplankton were observed. Among phytoplankton, Chlorophyceae was the most dominant having 62% Chlorella followed by Bacillariophyceae having 15% Navicula and 12% Cyclotella, Cyanophyceae having 5% Oscillatoria and 2% Anabaena and Euglenophyceae having 2% Euglena and 1% Phacus. The grand averages of periphyton mass production were 0.569 (± 0.242) mg DM/cm2 in C-1. There was highly significant (p<0.05) variation (F = 14.692) between C-1 and C-2 in respect of periphyton production. Cistern-1 was identified as more productive due to its favourable water quality parameters, i.e., water temperature of 24.6 to 28.3 ºC, Secchi disc reading of 18 to 33 cm, dissolved oxygen of 4.67 to 9.55 mg/L, pH of 9.12 to 10.18, NO3-N of 3.58 to 10.90 mg/L, NH3-N of 0.26 to 0.40 mg/L, PO4-P of 7.5 to 3.4 mg/L, conductivity 0.412 to 0.719 Ms. Third addition of substrate, that means 18- 19th day was identified as the optimum harvesting time of periphyton production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16565Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 51  62, 2012
Profitability of Small Scale Broiler Production in Some Selected Areas of Mymensingh
Authors: Rana KMAAM , Rahman MS , Sattar MN
Published: October 2013

This study aimed to determine the cost, return, and profitability of broiler production in some selected areas of Mymensingh district. It was mainly based on primary data which were collected through face to face interview from the respondents of broiler production during the month of December, 2011. Selected samples consisted of 30 broiler farm owners selected by using purposive sampling technique. For the analysis of data, tabular and production function techniques were used. This study estimated the average cost of raising broiler to be Tk. 8,35,910.65 per farm per year. It was found that the variable cost per farm per year stood at Tk. 8,23,735.93 which accounted for 98.54 percent of total cost. The total fixed cost per farm per year accounted to Tk. 14,041.66. It is evident from the study that the gross return per farm per year stood at Tk. 10,78,022.39. The net return per farm per year was calculated at Tk. 2,42,111.47. The findings revealed that broiler production was a profitable enterprise. Cobb-Douglas production function was also applied to explore the specific effect of the factors on broiler production. It was observed that most of the included variables had significant impact on broiler production. Out of six variables included in the regression, four variables (i.e., feed cost, cost of day-old chick, labour cost and litter cost) had significant positive impact on return. This study also identified some problems in the production of broiler in the study area. Finally, based on the findings of the study, some recommendations were made for the development of broiler production in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16568Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 101  109, 2012
Comparative Performance between Genetically Improved and Traditional Silver Barb Strain: a Bio-Economic Analysis
Authors: Khan MA , Huda FA
Published: October 2013

Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) has developed an improved namely, strain silver barb which shows superior performance in terms of growth and production in on-station condition. This paper analyses the comparative performance of improved silver barb strain on an average as well as on an efficient farm. Ordinary least squares regression and tobit models are estimated on an average weight at harvest and the survival rate, respectively to assess the comparative performance of the improved silver barb strain on an average farm. Stochastic frontier functions for weight at harvest are also estimated to assess the comparative performance of the improved strain on an efficient farm. The result shows a superior performance of the genetically improved silver barb strain compared to traditional strain on both average and efficient farms. On an average farm, the improved silver barb strain gives 25% higher body weight at harvest. The breakeven price above variable cost is 4.71% lower for the improved strain. The result shows that the improved silver barb strain has higher potential yield and average yield than the traditional strain.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16577Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 133  142, 2012
An Economic Study of Low Lying Inland Fish Farming in Selected Areas of Kishoreganj District
Authors: Uddin MT , Farjana I
Published: October 2013

The study was designed to examine the low lying inland fish farming practices of Karimganj upazila under Kishoreganj districts. Field level data were collected through direct interview using semi-structured questionnaire. Eighty sample farmers were selected purposively from the study areas. Six types of farming practices were identified in the study area among which only two types were prominent i.e., pond fish farming and Beel fish farming. Tabular, statistical and mathematical analyses were done to achieve the major objectives. The benefit cost ratio in Beel fish farming was 2.86 and in case of pond fish farming it was 1.95. Multiple regression model was used to explain the variation of gross return of pond and Beel fish farming and it was found that coefficients of human labour, feed, cowdung and manure had significant impact on gross return, whereas coefficients of feed, harvesting and making sanctuary had significant impact on gross return of Beel fish farming. Resource use efficiency was calculated by the ratio of marginal value product and marginal factor cost. Finally, the study identified some important problems of low lying inland fish farming and suggested probable solutions relating to the problems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16619Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 81  90, 2012
Factors Responsible for Yield Gap of Wheat at Farmers Field in Two Districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Kashem MA , Miah MAM , Islam MA , Roy PC
Published: October 2013

The main purpose of the research was to identify factors responsible for yield gap in wheat production. Eighteen (18) experiments were conducted in two major wheat growing districts Rangpur and Dinajpur in two consecutive years. The selected varieties for the conducted research were Prodip, Satabdi and Sourav. All the experiments were established in farmers fields providing all recommendations for wheat production. It was observed that yield gap varied with the variety and farmers to farmers and location to location. The overall yield gap of Prodip was the highest (18.43 percent) followed by Sourav (18.15 percent) and Satabdi (17.45 percent). Yield gaps of all the wheat varieties under study were higher in Rangpur site than Dinajpur site. The practice gap was the highest in gypsum application (69 percent) followed by boron (67 percent), sowing time (40 percent). Practice gaps in the application of MoP, TSP and irrigation were almost equal, 40 percent, 37 percent, and 36 percent respectively. Late sowing, non use of dolomite and micro nutrients (zinc and boron) in wheat yield with sub-optimal doses of phosphatic and potash fertilizers were the main reasons for yield gap. Adoption of short duration T. aman variety and optimal doses of chemical fertilizers with micro nutrients in wheat field could minimize this gap to a greater extent. Preventive measures against bird attack after sowing of seeds for optimum plant population would have impact in narrow down this yield gap as well.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16620Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 91  99, 2012
Functional Imaging in Diagnostic of Orthopedic Implant-Associated Infections
Authors: Potapova Inga
Published: October 2013

Surgeries’ sterile conditions and perioperative antibiotic therapies decrease implant associated infections rates significantly. However, up to 10% of orthopedic devices still fail due to infections. An implant infection generates a high socio-economic burden. An early diagnosis of an infection would significantly improve patients’ outcomes. There are numerous clinical tests to diagnose infections. The “Gold Standard” is a microbiological culture, which requires an invasive sampling and lasts up to several weeks. None of the existing tests in clinics alone is sufficient for a conclusive diagnosis of an infection. Meanwhile, there are functional imaging modalities, which hold the promise of a non-invasive, quick, and specific infection diagnostic. This review focuses on orthopedic implant-associated infections, their pathogenicity, diagnosis and functional imaging.
Ecology, Behaviour and Control of Apis cerana with a Focus on Relevance to the Australian Incursion
Authors: Koetz Anna
Published: October 2013

Apis cerana Fabricius is endemic to most of Asia, where it has been used for honey production and pollination services for thousands of years. Since the 1980s, A. cerana has been introduced to areas outside its natural range (namely New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Australia), which sparked fears that it may become a pest species that could compete with, and negatively affect, native Australian fauna and flora, as well as commercially kept A. mellifera and commercial crops. This literature review is a response to these concerns and reviews what is known about the ecology and behaviour of A. cerana. Differences between temperate and tropical strains of A. cerana are reviewed, as are A. cerana pollination, competition between A. cerana and A. mellifera, and the impact and control strategies of introduced A. cerana, with a particular focus on gaps of current knowledge.
Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Marine Invertebrates: Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Monroig Óscar , Tocher Douglas , Navarro Juan
Published: October 2013

Virtually all polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) originate from primary producers but can be modified by bioconversions as they pass up the food chain in a process termed trophic upgrading. Therefore, although the main primary producers of PUFA in the marine environment are microalgae, higher trophic levels have metabolic pathways that can produce novel and unique PUFA. However, little is known about the pathways of PUFA biosynthesis and metabolism in the levels between primary producers and fish that are largely filled by invertebrates. It has become increasingly apparent that, in addition to trophic upgrading, de novo synthesis of PUFA is possible in some lower animals. The unequivocal identification of PUFA biosynthetic pathways in many invertebrates is complicated by the presence of other organisms within them. These organisms include bacteria and algae with PUFA biosynthesis pathways, and range from intestinal flora to symbiotic relationships that can involve PUFA translocation to host organisms. This emphasizes the importance of studying biosynthetic pathways at a molecular level, and the continual expansion of genomic resources and advances in molecular analysis is facilitating this. The present paper highlights recent research into the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of PUFA biosynthesis in marine invertebrates, particularly focusing on cephalopod molluscs.
Maize Prolamins Could Induce a Gluten-Like Cellular Immune Response in Some Celiac Disease Patients
Authors: Ortiz-Sánchez Juan , Cabrera-Chávez Francisco , De la Barca Ana
Published: October 2013

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically prone individuals. The current treatment for CD is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. However, in some CD patients following a strict gluten-free diet, the symptoms do not remit. These cases may be refractory CD or due to gluten contamination; however, the lack of response could be related to other dietary ingredients, such as maize, which is one of the most common alternatives to wheat used in the gluten-free diet. In some CD patients, as a rare event, peptides from maize prolamins could induce a celiac-like immune response by similar or alternative pathogenic mechanisms to those used by wheat gluten peptides. This is supported by several shared features between wheat and maize prolamins and by some experimental results. Given that gluten peptides induce an immune response of the intestinal mucosa both in vivo and in vitro, peptides from maize prolamins could also be tested to determine whether they also induce a cellular immune response. Hypothetically, maize prolamins could be harmful for a very limited subgroup of CD patients, especially those that are non-responsive, and if it is confirmed, they should follow, in addition to a gluten-free, a maize-free diet.
Messages about Antibiotic Resistance in Different Newspaper Genres
Authors: Donyai Parastou , Okafor Sochima , Virgo Rachel , Amin Krina , Nasr Marwa
Published: October 2013

Poorer people are more likely to use antibiotics; inappropriate antibiotic use causes resistance, and health campaigns attempt to change behaviour through education. However, fuelled by the media, the public think antibiotic resistance is outside their control. Differences in the attribution of blame for antibiotic resistance in two genres of UK newspapers, targeting distinct socioeconomic groups, were examined using a mixed methods approach. Firstly, depiction of blame was categorised as either external to the lay public (outside their control) or internal (lay person accountable) and subjected to a chi-square test. Secondly, using critical discourse analysis, we examined the portrayal of the main agents through newspaper language. Data from 597 articles (307 broadsheets) analysed revealed a significant association between newspaper genre and attribution of blame for antibiotic resistance. While both newspaper types blamed antibiotic resistance predominantly on factors external to the lay public, broadsheets were more likely to acknowledge internal factors than tabloids. Tabloids provided a more skewed representation, exposing readers to inaccurate explanations about antibiotic resistance. They highlighted ineptitude in health professionals, victimising patients and blaming others, while broadsheets used less emotive language. Pharmacists should take special care to communicate the importance of appropriate antibiotic use against this backdrop of distortion.
Greenhouse Gas Implications of Urban Sprawl in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area
Authors: Ala-Mantila Sanna , Heinonen Jukka , Junnila Seppo
Published: October 2013

Suburban households living in spacious detached houses and owing multiple cars are often seen as main culprits for negative greenhouse consequences of urban sprawl. Consequently, the effects of sprawl have been mostly studied from the viewpoints of emissions from home energy consumption and private driving. Little attention has been paid to the changes in other consumption. In this paper, urban sprawl is linked to the proliferation of semi-detached and detached housing, described as a low-rise lifestyle, at the expense of apartment house living i.e., high-rise lifestyle. We analyze differences between the low-rise and the high-rise lifestyles and their environmental effects in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, taking into account all consumption activities. Environmental effects are assessed by combining greenhouse gas intensities from a consumption-based environmentally-extended input-output (EE I-O) model with expenditure data. Then these carbon footprints are further elucidated with regression analysis. We find that low-rise lifestyles causes approximately 14% more emissions than high-rise lifestyles. However, the relative contributions of emissions from different sources, whether direct or indirect, are almost equal for both. Furthermore, when controlling the level of expenditure, the differences between the two lifestyles unexpectedly disappear and in certain cases are even reversed. We believe that our consumption-based approach facilitates the understanding of sprawling lifestyles and offers important insights for sustainable policy-design and urban planning.
Morphological and molecular analyses of fungal endophytes of achlorophyllous gametophytes ofDiphasiastrum alpinum(Lycopodiaceae)
Authors: Horn Karsten , Franke Thassilo , Unterseher Martin , Schnittler Martin , Beenken Ludwig
Published: October 2013

•Premise of the study:To understand the early evolution of mycorrhizal symbioses, it is important to know the fungal partners of gametophytes and sporophytes for basal lineages of vascular plants. Subterranean mycotrophic gametophytes of the clubmossDiphasiastrum alpinumfound at three localities gave an opportunity to study their morphology and anatomy and to identify and describe their hitherto unknown fungal endophytes. In addition, sporophytes were screened for fungal partners.

•Methods:Gametophytes with attached young sporophytes were excavated, and their anatomy and their associated fungi were studied by light microscopy. DNA was isolated and amplified with both universal and group‐specific fungal primers for the ITS region, the large subunit and small subunit of the nuclear rDNA, respectively, to identify the fungal partner.

•Key results:Gametophytes were uniformly colonized by a fungus with septate hyphae forming coils and vesicles. Its morphology resembles that of the sebacinoid genusPiriformospora. Both ITS and LSU sequences were identified as Sebacinales group B, a basal clade of the Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota). This fungus was detected in 11 gametophytes from two localities and in rootlets of adjacentCalluna vulgaris(Ericaceae) plants, but was absent in roots of sporophytes. In addition, several ascomycetes and glomeromycetes were found by DNA sequencing.

•Conclusions:Our study suggests a fungus belonging to Sebacinales group B as the main fungal host of theD. alpinumgametophytes. However, Sebacinales group B fungi occur as well in adjacent Ericaceae plants; therefore, we assume the mycoheterotrophic gametophyte to be epiparasitic on Ericaceae, which would explain the steady association of these plants.
COMMERCIAL BANKS PERFORMANCE 2008–2012
Authors: Jasevičienė Filomena , Povilaitis Bronius , Vidzbelytė Simona
Published: October 2013

A country’s image, economic development process and GDP growth is significantly influenced by its banking sector performance. Banking’s success largely depends on public confidence. Only a small part of the banking services customers understand the indicators and ratios which are used to assess bank’s activities. Therefore, there is a need to analyze banks performance results in Lithuania. The paper presents a principal component analysis model applied on banks performance ratios in Lithuania. The main purpose of this article is to analyze basic indicators used in banks performance evaluation by principal component method. The obtained results represent the main components with the highest influence on Lithuanian commercial banks performance results in 2008–2012 year period. The main findings of the study indicate that commercial banks in Lithuania have been affected by different factors during 2008–2012 periods. It has been noted that Scandinavian capital commercial banks‘ performance results have been influenced by similar factors, have had similar structure of the factors, which has been more stable in comparison with small and/or Lithuanian capital banks. Conclusions and recommendations help banks’ board to improve their competitiveness and financial results, thus it also helps them to make appropriate decisions. It is also useful for an academic community to understand the structure of main components in banking sector.
PAPER AND PRINTS AS COMPOSITE MATERIALS / POPIERIUS IR ATSPAUDAI – KOMPOZICINĖS MEDŽIAGOS
Authors: Markulytė Simona , Sidaravičius Jonas , Turla Vytautas
Published: October 2013

Paper and prints on it are analyzed as composite materials. Printing, varnishing and lamination are described in terms of the formation of the composite material. The article discusses why and how the properties of a print should differ from the properties of paper.

Santrauka

Popierius ir atspaudai analizuojami kaip kompozicinės medžiagos. Aprašomas atspaudų spausdinimas kaip kompozicinės medžiagos susidarymo procesas spausdinant, lakuojant ir laminuojant. Aptariama, kodėl ir kaip turėtų keistis atspaudo savybės, lyginant su popieriumi.
La Grande-Bretagne et l'Irlande dans la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Pennell Catriona , Poncharal Bruno
Published: October 2013

À la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale, l’Irlande semblait au bord de la guerre civile. Pourtant, le déclenchement des hostilités permit paradoxalement un apaisement des relations entre la Grande-Bretagne et l’Irlande. Cet article analyse cette détente anglo-irlandaise à travers le prisme des engagements volontaires et s’intéresse à trois moments en particulier : 1914, 1916 et 1918. Il démontre que la contribution irlandaise à l’effort de guerre fut volontaire et procéda d’une automobilisation, même lors de la Pâques 1916 et des débats suscités par l’instauration potentielle de la conscription au printemps 1918. Cet article souligne ainsi l’importance du caractère pluraliste et pragmatique du libéralisme britannique.
Architectes français face au Troisième Reich
Authors: Bellat Fabien
Published: October 2013

En 1941, le secrétaire d’État aux Beaux-Arts du régime de Vichy, Louis Hautecœur, subit la pression du ministère de la Propagande nazie pour attirer des artistes français en Allemagne. S’il constitue une liste d’architectes invitables, le voyage n’aura pas lieu. Cet article d’histoire contrefactuelle explore toute l’ambiguïté des attitudes professionnelles et personnelles des architectes français tant vis-à-vis du régime de Vichy que du Troisième Reich, à un moment où celui-ci cherche à faire connaître à l’étranger ses projets architecturaux monumentaux.
La traite des femmes et des enfants dans le Vietnam colonial (1920-1940)
Authors: Firpo Christina , Laroche Goscha Agathe
Published: October 2013

Depuis les débuts de la colonisation française au Vietnam (vers 1870) jusqu’en 1945, la police coloniale ne cessa de recevoir d’innombrables plaintes pour enlèvements. Ces cas appartenaient à un plus vaste problème existant en Indochine coloniale, celui de l’achat et de la vente d’êtres humains en Indochine coloniale au sein de ce que des chercheurs ont identifié comme étant des réseaux de traite humaine. Cet article montre comment les victimes de cette traite et les habitants conscients de la menace rendirent compte de leurs expériences. Une analyse des articles de presse publiés dans les journaux vietnamiens révèle quel sentiment indéniable de panique ces enlèvements purent provoquer au sein de la population vietnamienne. Les journalistes vietnamiens présentèrent le danger de la traite d’êtres humains sous des traits genrés et racialisés caricaturaux, identifiant continuellement les Chinois et les vieilles femmes vietnamiennes sans mari comme les malfaiteurs, à tort ou à raison. En faisant paraître des récits personnels de victimes, les articles de presse humanisèrent ces dernières comme les Français ne le firent jamais.
Occurrence and pathology of mycotoxins in commercial parrot feeds
Authors: Li S.-J. , Njumbe Ediage E. , De Saeger S. , Van Waeyenberghe L. , Garmyn A. , Verlinden M. , Ducatelle R. , Croubels S. , Haesebrouck F. , Pasmans F. , Martel A.
Published: October 2013

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi. Animal feeds can be easily infected by fungi during production and storage, resulting in mycotoxin contamination. This study was performed to evaluate the possible health risks of mycotoxin-contaminated feed for cockatiels. The occurrence of mycotoxins in commercial parrot feeds (5 seed mixes and 5 pelleted feeds) was investigated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The following 12 mycotoxins were detected: zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenon X, aflatoxin B1, sterigmatocystin, alternariol, alternariol methylether, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B3, and ochratoxin A. Zearalenone was the most prevalent. Pathological effects after 21 days feeding mycotoxin-contaminated diets were examined in anin vivo trial with 3 groups of 5 cockatiels: group 1 (control) was fed a non-contaminated pelleted feed; group 2 was fed a pelleted feed containing zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and fumonisins; and group 3 was fed a pelleted feed containing fumonisins. Average body weight gain and relative organ weight were not significantly different between the treatment groups and the control group. Apoptosis of renal tubular cells, diarrhoea, reduced appetite, enlargement of liver, kidney and proventriculus were occasionally observed in the birds from groups 2 and 3. In summary, contamination with mycotoxins is common in parrot feeds. The mycotoxin levels did not reach toxic levels, but might pose a potential threat to some sensitive cockatiels.
Dietary exposure and risk assessment for aflatoxins in New Zealand
Authors: Cressey P.J. , Reeve J.
Published: October 2013

Aflatoxin concentration data for a range of foods available in New Zealand (maize products, nuts and nut products, dried fruits and spices) were combined with dietary recall food consumption information from New Zealand national nutrition surveys to derive exposure estimates for a range of age-gender groups. Mean exposure estimates for total aflatoxins ranged from 0.09-0.11 ng/kg body weight/day for adult females, to 0.32-0.39 ng/kg body weight/ day for 5-10 year old children. Spices were the major contributors to dietary exposure for all population subgroups, followed by nuts and nut products. However, the contribution of spices to total dietary exposure could be traced to a single sample with a very high concentration. A life-time weighted average aflatoxin exposure was derived for New Zealand males and females and was combined with cancer potency estimates to give an assessment of risk. The mean risk equates to a potential for less than one excess cancer every 10 years.
Searching for a stock structure in Sardina pilchardus from the Adriatic and Ionian seas using a microsatellite DNA-based approach
Authors: Ruggeri Paolo , Splendiani Andrea , Bonanomi Sara , Arneri Enrico , Cingolani Nando , Santojanni Alberto , Colella Sabrina , Donato Fortunata , Giovannotti Massimo , Caputo Barucchi Vincenzo
Published: October 2013

In the present study the genetic variability of European sardine from Adriatic and Ionian seas was investigated in order to detect the occurrence of genetic structure within and between these basins. In several samples the analysis of genetic variability at eight microsatellite loci showed a number of homozygote individuals higher than expected at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The inter-population differentiation level estimated by AMOVA, qST and rRST and Bayesian descriptors detected no signs of population differentiation between the samples analysed. These results are consistent with previous studies based on allozymes and several mitochondrial DNA markers and add further evidence contradicting the early identification, based on morphological and reproductive data, of two sub-populations in the Adriatic Sea.
Parasites as biological tags for stock identification of blackspot seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo, in Portuguese northeast Atlantic waters
Authors: Hermida Margarida , Cruz Cristina , Saraiva Aurélia
Published: October 2013

In this study the following parasites were selected as biological tags for the identification of blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) stocks in the northeast Atlantic: Diphterostomum vividum (Digenea: Zoogonidae), Anisakis simplex s.l., A. physeteris, Anisakis sp. PB-2010 (Nematoda: Anisakidae), and Bolbosoma sp. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae). These parasite species point to the existence of three blackspot seabream stocks in the northeast Atlantic: one in the Azores region (ICES Area X), one in continental Portuguese shelf/slope waters (ICES Area IXa), and one in the waters around Madeira (sub-area 1.2 of FAO 34, central-eastern Atlantic).
Electronic Resources
Authors: Shidi Hungwa , Uganneya Solomon
Published: October 2013

The chapter addresses some issues with e-resources management in libraries, including the concept of e-resources, scope, and challenges of e-resource management in libraries. It defines e-resources as sources of information that are available and accessible electronically through the use of computers. Using such terms like e-journals, e-books, Websites, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), etc., the chapter defines the scope of e-resources and traces the origin of e-resources in the library environment back to the introduction of the Machine Readable Catalogue (MARC) in the mid-1960s. Infrastructure gaps and other sundry issues like funding, access model, archiving, preservation, ownership versus access, and lack of continuity in publication are some of the challenges highlighted in the management of e-resources in libraries. The chapter finally presents a brief overview of e-resources in the library environment today and maintains that e-resources are a welcome development in the library.
Going Online
Authors: Kumar Bharat
Published: October 2013

This chapter discussed in detail electronic journals (e-journals), their advantages and disadvantages, and need for subscription. In selection of e-journals, identification of e-journals, their evaluation and purpose for subscription are important considerations for selection of more relevant resources for patrons. The authors also discuss cost benefit analysis of e-journals and elaborate cost involved in subscription of print and electronic journals and provide their cost benefit analysis.
Copyright and Licensing Essentials for Librarians and Copyright Owners in the Digital Age
Authors: Moon Anne
Published: October 2013

So much of what we as librarians do involves some aspect of copyright, whether it is document delivery, electronic reserves, online learning tools, and course management systems (e.g. Blackboard), or online modules that allow one to share one’s references and full-text attachments with others (e.g. RefShare). It is therefore important that we become involved in copyright- and licensing negotiations with our online content providers. We also have an obligation to not only familiarize ourselves with but also to tutor our library patrons in terms of copyright legislation, bearing in mind that they may be held personally liable for their use of copyrighted materials through digital interfaces (Graveline, 2011).
Knowing Protection of Intellectual Contents in Digital Era
Authors: Vishwakarma Priyanka , Mukherjee Bhaskar
Published: October 2013

New technological innovations have made the publishing of ideas easy, while maintaining protection of the published content has become a concerning issue. Plagiarism is an emerging issue in the digital era. The intention of writing this chapter is to explore various tools and projects that enable an author to know: 1) that their work is original; 2) The best possible options to maintain rights on intellectual work; 3) the publishers’ policies while archiving your document in an institutional repository; and 4) the ethics of publishing. To handle such issues, the authors identify ways to avoid plagiarism and mention the use of anti-plagiarism software. Attempts are also made to explore how far a scholarly work can be treated under the periphery of “fair use.” The various derivatives of creative commons are also explained regarding copyright issues in the digital era. The essence of projects like SHERPA/RoMEO and COPE are also discussed.
Educational and Cultural Identities in Virtual Social Networks
Authors: Daher Wajeeh
Published: October 2013

This research attempts to describe the identity development of students/teachers who used a virtual social network –Facebook to work with historical mathematics and mathematicians in the frame of a second degree course. Fifteen participants aged from 24 to 53 years old participated in the course in which they were required to attend mathematical Facebook sites involved with math history. The research findings arrived at using the grounded theory approach indicate that working with historical mathematicians and talking and discussing their work in virtual social networks, students/ teachers developed their identity in four aspects: (1) the educational aspect, (2) the cultural aspect, (3) the personality aspect, and (4) the ethnic aspect. These identity aspects were developed due to the different conditions of the learning environment, together with the actions/ interactions of the participants. Specifically, working with the history of mathematics in virtual social networks made the participants aware of (1) the advantages of integrating technology in learning and teaching, (2) the advantages of integrating history in the learning and teaching of mathematics and science, and (3) the possibility to move their culture to one that is involved more in science and mathematics. In addition, working with the history of mathematics in virtual social networks made the participants proud of their heritage and as a result they increased their self esteem.
TRPA1-Dependent Pruritus in IL-13–Induced Chronic Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Oh Min-Hee , Oh Sun Young , Lu Jingning , Lou Hongfei , Myers Allen C. , Zhu Zhou , Zheng Tao
Published: October 2013

Chronic debilitating pruritus is a cardinal feature of atopic dermatitis (AD). Little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Antihistamines lack efficacy in treating itch in AD, suggesting the existence of histamine-independent itch pathways in AD. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is essential in the signaling pathways that promote histamine-independent itch. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TRPA1-dependent neural pathways play a key role in chronic itch in AD using an IL-13–transgenic mouse model of AD. In these mice, IL-13 causes chronic AD characterized by intensive chronic itch associated with markedly enhanced growth of dermal neuropeptide-secreting afferent nerve fibers and enhanced expression of TRPA1 in dermal sensory nerve fibers, their dorsal root ganglia, and mast cells. Inhibition of TRPA1 with a specific antagonist in these mice selectively attenuated itch-evoked scratching. Genetic deletion of mast cells in these mice led to significantly diminished itch-scratching behaviors and reduced TRPA1 expression in dermal neuropeptide containing afferents in the AD skin. Interestingly, IL-13 strongly stimulates TRPA1 expression, which is functional in calcium mobilization in mast cells. In accordance with these observations in the AD mice, TRPA1 expression was highly enhanced in the dermal afferent nerves, mast cells, and the epidermis in the lesional skin biopsies from patients with AD, but not in the skin from healthy subjects. These studies demonstrate a novel neural mechanism underlying chronic itch in AD and highlight the complex interactions among TRPA1+ dermal afferent nerves and TRPA1+ mast cells in a Th2-dominated inflammatory environment.