bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Semantic Recommender Engine for Idea Generation Improvement
Authors: Haiba Maria El , Elbassiti Lamyaa , Ajhoun Rachida
Published: July 2018

In order to develop the ability to be competitive in considering rapidly growing global market and enormously changing in technology, organizations are looking for up-to-date procedures to respond to all these transformations. Being smart and innovative is actually the most significant pillars of successful organization strategies. In other words, organizations need to encourage learning, manage knowledge and create innovative ideas. A major issue of creative ideation is improving the quality of the ideas generated. In this paper, we propose a semantic recommender engine for idea generation in order to assist organizations to improve their ways of generating new ideas. Through this novel system, innovation actors will be able to consider new perspectives, make new connections, think differently and thus produce new promising ideas. We initially introduce the concept behind a smart organization, explore the idea generation in such organizations and examine the role of recommender systems for managing this stage and identifying breakthrough ideas. Next, we present the context of design, the conceptual architecture of the suggested system and finally expand the workflow of semantic similarity matching of ideas with a focus on the key components of the semantic recommendation engine.
Machine Learning Approach to Combat False Alarms in Wireless Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Vijayakumar D. Sudaroli , Ganapathy S.
Published: July 2018

Wireless Networks facilitate the ease of communication for sharing the crucial information. Recently, most of the small and large-scale companies, educational institutions, government organizations, medical sectors, military and banking sectors are using the wireless networks. Security threats, a common term found both in wired as well as in wireless networks. However, it holds lot of importance in wireless networks because of its susceptible nature to threats. Security concerns in WLAN are studied and many organizations concluded that Wireless Intrusion Detection Systems (WIDS) is an essential element in network security infrastructure to monitor wireless activity for signs of attacks. However, it is an indisputable fact that the art of detecting attacks remains in its infancy. WIDS generally collect the activities within the protected network and analyze them to detect intrusions and generates an intrusion alarm. Irrespective of the different types of Intrusion Detection Systems, the major problems arising with WIDS is its inability to handle large volumes of alarms and more prone to false alarm attacks. Reducing the false alarms can improve the overall efficiency of the WIDS. Many techniques have been proposed in the literature to reduce the false alarm rates. However, most of the existing techniques are failed to provide desirable result and the high complexity to achieve high detection rate with less false alarm rates. This is the right time to propose a new technique for providing high detection accuracy with less false alarm rate. This paper made an extensive survey about the role of machine learning techniques to reduce the false alarm rate in WLAN IEEE 802.11. This survey proved that the substantial improvement has been achieved by reducing false alarm rate through machine learning algorithms. In addition to that, advancements specific to machine learning approaches is studied meticulously and a filtration technique is proposed.
The Brilliant Scheduler: Automated Scheduling System for Video Conferencing Courses
Authors: Meccawy Maram
Published: July 2018

The study aims to investigate the problems and drawbacks associated with the present scheduling process for courses of video-conferencing, conducted at Administration of Educational Media at KAU (King Abdul-Aziz University). In KAU, male and female campuses are almost entirely segregated. The number of male staff and the diversity of their academic specialties is higher than those of their female counter parts. Hence, some subjects are taught to female students by male faculty, while utilizing videoconferencing technology. This research investigates the main challenges, faced by the Administration of Educational Media at King Abdul-Aziz University in scheduling video conferencing courses for classrooms reservation requests. It provides a complete list of tools and features to enhance, support, and automate the scheduling process for classrooms and supervisors, following Rapid Application development (RAD) methodology. The system has been implemented as a web-based automated scheduling system to undertake the capability of technology and to create an influential scheduling system. This system might also help in the migration of traditional paper-based work to a better technological environment, satisfied employees, and faster feedbacks.
Design and Implementation of China HowNet Knowledge Map Generation Module Literature
Authors: Wei Liu Xiang
Published: July 2018

Based on the analysis of the construction technology of the existing literature knowledge map, a China HowNet (CNKI) method for automatic generation of literature knowledge map. This paper according to the qualification to collect related data of the web page; Second original web data analysis, and design knowledge map structure; By determining the entity, after extracting properties and associated knowledge; And knowledge to the automatic mapping for secondary image database of Cypher code; Finally build the direction of our school language information processing of CNKI, included the literature of knowledge map. Automatic and efficient knowledge map construction in the evolution of discipline has great practical significance, methods and conclusions of this paper can provide literature research, the researchers in the field of knowledge map building and information visualization to provide enlightenment and reference.
Strategy to Promote Professional Reading in University Libraries
Authors: Zhou Yunxia , Zou Xiaozhu
Published: July 2018

Reading promotion in university libraries needs to consider the differences in reading behavior of different readers and adopt suitable reading promotion strategies. Here, we first review the current situation of professional reading promotion and distinguish the demand characteristics of different types of readers. Then we conduct personal interviews with graduate students in Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and results demonstrate that the demands of graduate students for information on professional reading promotion and reading professional books and literatures become their indispensable demands in reading. Therefore, the visible display strategy to professional reading promotion is suggested for university libraries. Finally, taking an example of the reading promotion for zero-borrowing professional books, it is proved that the proposed strategy can increase the proportion of borrowed books and promote professional reading. In summary, we use tangible display strategy as theoretical basis and testify the proposed strategy for professional reading promotion: 1) a special cabinet displaying relevant professional books, 2) resources and charts, 3) placing bookshelves of stereoscopic models, and 4) designing and distributing a reading brochure.
Critical Thinking Cultivation in Chinese College English Classes
Authors: Zhang Lili , Kim Sukwoo
Published: July 2018

Through literature study of researches on critical thinking, this paper gives an analysis of the present situation and existing problems of critical thinking cultivation in Chinese college English classes, probes into the rationale for critical thinking cultivation and discusses how to cultivate students’ critical thinking in Chinese college English class context through constructing constructive learning environment, designing flexible instructional strategies, and adopting formative, seamless assessment.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language Teaching Vol 11 No 8
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: July 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 11, No. 8, 2018
The Effective of Training Program for the Development of Knowledge about the National Professional Standards among the Teachers of Secondary Vocational Education in Jordan
Authors: Al-Momani Mufadi
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effective of training program for the development of knowledge about the national professional standards among the teachers of secondary vocational education in Jordan. The researcher prepared an accumulated test about the knowledge of national professional standards, include (42) questions spread over seven areas (education philosophy, teaching planning, teaching implementation, students’ learning assessment, teacher self-growth, profession values and ethics, and academic and technological knowledge) and for each area six paragraphs. Study members consist of (67) vocational schools’ teachers at the directorate of education of Irbid first area, at the first term of the 2015/2016 school year, who were selected at the available way, where the single group design was used by implementing the accumulated test backwards (pilot study) on the study members to identify their weaknesses, build the proposed training program according to the results, and then implement this program on the study members for two weeks, and finally implement the accumulated test forward by using the T-test for single group. The study results showed a statistically significant difference at the level (α = 0.05) between the backward and forward arithmetic means of study members performance on the national professional development standards knowledge improvement test as a whole, and for each area due to the proposed training program, which means the existence of effectiveness for the proposed training program in knowledge development about the national professional development standards at the vocational educational teachers, where this effectiveness ranged between (medium) and (very strong).
A Qualitative Study on the Contribution of the Choir to Social-Cultural and Psychological Achievements of Amateur Chorists
Authors: Gul Gulnihal
Published: July 2018

A choir as a psychosocial and sociocultural phenomenon; makes important contributions to both music and to the general education of society through its educational and socialising features. With this research, it was aimed to determine the level of contribution of choir singing to social, cultural and psychological achievements of amateur chorists. As a result of the research, it has been found that choir singing contributes to the gaining of the habit of working together, to gaining in areas such as prestige and forming friendships, to develop ones worldview, to learn the cultural values of different countries, and to interiorize the cultural values of their own countries. In addition to this, it has been determined that the chorists participating in the choir work gain in achievements such as relaxation, happiness, peace, belonging, enthusiasm and, controlling ego, and it has also been found that choir affects the feelings of self-confidence and self-efficiency positively.
Investigation of Relationship between High School Students’ Career Adaptability, Subjective Well-Being and Perceived Social Support
Authors: Sahin Irem , Kirdok Oguzhan
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between high school students’ social support, career adaptability and subjective well-being that are perceived from their family, teachers and friends. The study group consisted of 325 students (193 girls, 132 males) in three secondary schools located in Cukurova and Yuregir districts of Adana city. The data were collected through Career Adaptability Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Perceived Social Support Scale and Personal Information Form developed by the researchers to reach the demographic information of the participants. A path analysis was conducted within the framework of structural equation modeling to investigate the relationship between social support, career adaptability and subjective well-being that the students perceived. Data analysis was done through SPSS and AMOS package programs. Correlation coefficients of arithmetic mean, standard deviation, pearson moment analysis were calculated, and path analysis was performed based on the observed variables. The research findings show that there is a significant relationship between subjective well-being, career adaptability and perceived social support. The perceived social support from family, teachers and friends are variables that predict the career adaptability of high school students. Career adaptability has also been found to be a significant predictor of subjective well-being.
Pathologic Transitional Object: A Case Report
Authors: Karaman Omer
Published: July 2018

A transitional object is the selection and binding to an object that reminds the child of the mother and helps deal with separation anxiety in situations where the child is separated from the mother. In reality, many children are observed to have transitional objects and no problems occur.In this case report, the transitional object became pathological. An only child, the boy was 3.5 years and wished to wear the pyjamas chosen as transitional object in all areas of life. According to anamnesis from the family, there was no socio-economic problem experienced. Additionally, the child’s developmental curves were normal and there was no physiological health problem. The child experienced problems in home and school life and this situation negatively affected the mother’s home and professional life, so the case was dealt with.The study applied a strategy developed based on a behavioral approach combined with an object relation approach. At the end of the four-week program completed with the parents and child’s teacher together, the problem was solved and follow-up one month later identified that this had not changed.
Road to Peace Education: Peace and Violence from the Viewpoint of Children
Authors: Yilmaz Fatih
Published: July 2018

It is important to adopt the concept of peace as a culture when human rights, democracy, coexistence and diversity are respected at the social level. Particularly at an early age, introducing this concept to individuals can prevent violent cultures from finding social or individual support. In this sense, individuals are expected to disseminate peace through education and to exclude violence. In this research, it was tried to show how primary school students perceive the concepts of peace and violence in their daily lives. It has been tried to determine how pupils describe these concepts in their pictorial image, literary and verbal expressions. The research was designed as qualitative research from qualitative research approaches. 68 primary school students participated in the research. Students have identified four main themes on the peace issue: “universal / inter-communal peace, inter-group / social peace, inter-personal peace and individual peace.” Twenty-five sub-themes related to these 4 main themes have been created. As for violence, four main themes have emerged: “socio-cultural violence, direct violence, group violence and ecological violence”. Sixteen sub-themes have been expressed, depending on these four main themes. It has been found out that in the general sense, they perceive the concept of peace mostly in a personal-individual sense and they directly perceive the concept of violence as socio-cultural violence.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 11, No. 8
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: July 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 11, No. 8, 2018.
Analysis of Sino-American Family Education Differences: Collectivistic or Individualistic?—Taking the Glass Castle as an Example
Authors: Yang Liu , Congzhou Yang
Published: July 2018

Family education is the earliest, longest and the most common way of education, which has a deep influence on the growth of human beings. Due to the differences in value between China and the United States, the concepts of family education in both countries are also different. Value is one of the important parts of culture, whose core content is individualism and collectivism. Based on the two kinds of value, this paper takes the novel Glass Castle as an example to compare Chinese family education with American family education and finally proposes ways to improve Chinese family education.
The Leadership Orientations of the Students Receiving Sports Education in Turkey
Authors: Devecioglu Sebahattin
Published: July 2018

This research has been planned to identify the factors related to the assessment of “The Leadership Orientations” of the students receiving sports education (physical education and sports teacher, sports management, recreation, trainer education departments) in the universities in Turkey. This descriptive study has a population consisting of the students receiving sports education in the universities in Turkey and a sample of totally 1032 students (N: 1032) (who attend physical education and sports teacher, sports management, recreation, trainer education departments). The data has been collected using The Student Information Form and the Leadership Orientation Survey. According to the means of sub-scales of “Leadership Orientations by Sexes” obtained by the students receiving sports education, a significant difference has been identified between the frames of “Transformational Leadership” and “Charismatic Leadership”. This difference can be explained by the fact that male students consider themselves more competent compared to the female students in these two sub-scales. Consequently, when the mean points of the sub-scales of the Leadership Orientation Survey [Self] obtained by the students receiving sports education in Turkey are compared, it has been observed that the direction and strength of relation between sex, class, department and school is “positive” and “moderate” and also those students have “people-oriented leadership” characteristics among the sub-scales of the leadership orientation frames.
A Scrutiny on the Aggression Levels of the Students of Sports, Vocational, and Anatolian High Schools
Authors: ALTIN Mehmet , KIVRAK Ali Osman
Published: July 2018

The objective has been set through this study to present and compare the aggression levels in three different High School types. The population of the study was constituted by the High School students in the province of Konya and its sampling group by the 226 male and 190 female students studying at Vocational High Schools, Anatolian High Schools, and Sports High Schools. In the study, demographic personal information form was used in the collection of personal information and Buss-Perry Aggression Scale (BPAS), which was developed by Buss and Perry (1992), whose the validity and reliability study in its Turkish form was performed by Demirtas-Mardan (2013), was used for determining the aggression levels. In terms of the anger dimension depending on the gender factor, no statistical change was observed, while it was determined that the average values for the male students in the physical aggression, hostility, and verbal aggression dimensions were higher than the female students and such changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). It can be said on the basis of the findings of this study that the aggression values of the Secondary Education students did not vary in line with the sportive activities and that the male students have more sense of aggression than female students.
Experiencing Disability in the School Context: Voices of Young People Diagnosed With ADHD in Spain
Authors: Padilla-Petry Paulo , Soria-Albert Carla , Vadeboncoeur Jennifer A.
Published: July 2018

Researchers have begun to inquire into the experiences of young people with ADHD, including how they define ADHD and how a diagnosis of ADHD affects them. ADHD is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder and diagnosis is frequently requested by school professionals. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of young people in Spain who are diagnosed with ADHD through student voice research. Using semi-structured interviews, we found that while the participants tended to reproduce the conventional psychiatric discourse on ADHD, they also produced their own explanation of ADHD and of the effects of being labelled with ADHD on their lives in school. Our results highlight both the school’s role in advocating for a diagnosis of ADHD and the lack of an adequate instructional response for students once they have been diagnosed.
Early Childhood Pre-Service Teachers’ Perspectives on Play and Teachers’ Role
Authors: Dogan Altun Zubeyde
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the study is to understand the early childhood teacher candidates’ perception of play and their understanding of teachers’ role in play. Another aim of the study is to disclose pre-service teachers’ thoughts on their college training adequacy regarding the play. In this qualitative research, the data came from written responses of the fifty five participants who are in their 4th year studying early childhood education at the public teaching college located in the west part of Turkey. The findings of the research suggest that fun is the most distinguished feature of play. The other attributes of play mentioned by participants were relaxation/energy release, freedom, cooperation and rules. Pre-service teachers have different perspectives on teachers’ verbal and physical participation in ongoing play activity. Their thoughts led three different subcategories of teachers’ participation in play which are partial-participation, non-participation, and full-participation. And finally, the findings revealed four different teachers’ roles as Planner/Organizer, Observer/Guider, Play Partner, and Non-involver according to participants’ responds.
Assessment of Gender, Location and Socio-Economic Status on Students’ Performance in Senior Secondary Certificate Examination in Mathematics
Authors: Osadebe Patrick U. , Oghomena Diakeleho-Edjere
Published: July 2018

This study assessed the demographic characteristics of students’ performance in Mathematics in senior secondary Certificate Examination in Delta Central Senatorial District of Delta State. The purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between gender, location, socio-economic status and students’ performance in Mathematics in Senior Secondary Certificate Examination. The ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The population of the study is 15,170 SS3. A sample of 759 students was randomly selected from the total population using simple random sampling technique of balloting and stratified random sampling technique. Four research questions and four hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The instrument used for the study was a 40-item multiple choice senior secondary Mathematics Achievement test (SSMAT). Multiple regressions were used for the analysis. The study established that gender and socio-economic status contributed to students’ performance in Mathematics in senior secondary certificate examination. Recommendation was made based on the findings of the study.
A Study of Emotional Intelligence and Attitudes Towards Teaching Profession Among Turkish EFL Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Öz Hüseyin , Cepik Kiris Hazal
Published: July 2018

This study sought to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and attitudes towards teaching profession among 124 English as a foreign language (EFL) pre-service teachers at a major state university in Turkey. Data were collected using the Emotional Intelligence Scale and the Attitudes towards Teaching Profession Scale. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and attitudes towards the teaching profession of Turkish EFL pre-service teachers. Moreover, findings indicated that the majority of the participants had moderate levels of emotional intelligence and attitudes towards teaching profession. Findings may serve as insights for teacher training programs to promote pre-service teachers’ emotional intelligence and their attitudes towards the teaching profession.
Integrating Technology in English Language Teaching: Global Experiences and Lessons for Indonesia
Authors: Ammade Salasiah , Mahmud Murni , Jabu Baso , Tahmir Suradi
Published: July 2018

The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in English language educational settings often improves teaching and learning (Tinio, 2016). English language teaching and technology have been seen as interesting new research era. This article reviewed studies on ICT integration in teaching from ten different countries. The aim of this review is to analyze cross cultural findings in order to determine what factors might be best applied to the Indonesia situation to improve English language learning and teaching as well as types of technology might be best adopted for ELT improvement. The articles for the study were found through internet search engine, Google scholar and ERIC in the area of technology integration and technology tools in English language teaching. Thus, the data taken is carefully investigated using inclusion and exclusion criteria.  The result of analysis showed that the integration of technology in teaching can improve the experience for students and teachers and improve learning for students.
Oral Corrective Feedback: Investigating Kurdish High School Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Alzeebaree Yaseen , Ahmed Hussein Ali , Hasan Idrees Ali
Published: July 2018

The current research explores the relationship between the beliefs and the actual classroom practices of the Kurdish teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) regarding oral corrective feedback (OCF). To collect the data required, a questionnaire was administered to 8 Kurdish teachers of EFL of different academic qualifications from three different schools, and likewise a 5-hour audio-recorded classroom observation was carried out with the same sample. The findings revealed that almost all teachers’ beliefs were identical with their actual practices with regard to who should provide OCF. In contrast, there was a discrepancy between their stated beliefs and practices in classroom regarding the timing of OCF, how to provide OCF and which types of errors to correct. The teachers highlighted the importance and the effectiveness of providing corrective feedback in EFL settings.
Enhancing L2 Learners’ Critical Thinking Skills Through a Connectivism-Based Intelligent Learning System
Authors: Chen Jiangping , Hu Jie
Published: July 2018

The Rain Classroom, grounded in the theory of connectivism in the digital era, is a mobile-supported tool for blended learning. This tool renders synchronous and asynchronous teacher-student interactions through dual-channel teaching in and out of class. In the study, the Critical Thinking Skills Survey (CTSS) was adopted to measure the critical thinking skills (CTS) of 112 first-year undergraduates majoring in English in mainland China. A pretest-posttest non-equivalent two-group quasi-experimental design was applied to compare the CTS of those learners of English as a second language (L2) instructed under the Rain-Classroom-based intelligent learning system with those taught by the traditional lecture approach. The mixed results indicated that the intelligent learning system had a positive effect on students’ overall CTS development with significant improvement in the interpretation subscale but had almost no influence on the evaluation and self-regulation subscales. The intelligent learning approach in this study is empirically meaningful in students’ CTS enhancement, but further research is warranted to make this system more efficacious in facilitating L2 learners’ CTS.
The Impact of Podcasts on EFL Students’ Listening Comprehension
Authors: Abdulrahman Tryanti R. , Basalama Nonny , Widodo Moh. Rizky
Published: July 2018

This research has objective to investigate students’ listening comprehension through the use of podcast in EFL classroom. 60 high school students in Indonesia were taken as sample for this research with distribution of 30 students in experiment class and 30 students in control class. The samples were taken by using cluster random sampling. Quasi-experimental method with the post-test only control group design was applied in this research. In addition, a survey questionnaire was administered to experimental group to explore their perception on the use of podcast instruction in teaching listening. Findings revealed that there is a significant difference of post-test score between two groups, favoring experimental group. Data analysis using one way ANOVA showed significance value (sig. 0.010) is lower than < 0.05 which interpreted that Podcast has significant impact on students’ listening comprehension. Additionally, the result of questionnaire indicated that students have positive attitude toward the use of podcast in listening classroom. Students perceived that podcasts provided authentic materials, interesting activities including listening exercises and meaningful tasks for them so they felt more motivated to learn English. This study recommended that teacher may utilize podcast in teaching listening considering its effectiveness as technology based learning tool.
Detection of Deceptive Speech Acts in Chinese Courtroom Trials
Authors: Xu Zhanghong , Tian Xin
Published: July 2018

Confronted with a trial, litigants tend to focus on disputed facts, and when their interests are threatened they may resort to deceptive statements in order to obtain a judgment in their favor. Making deceptive statements in the court, referred to in this paper as deceptive speech acts (henceforth, DSA), will affect court’s judgment, waste judicial resources and harm social justice. Therefore, detection of deceptive speech acts (henceforth, DDSA) is of considerable forensic interests in improving efficiency of courtroom trials and enforcing the authority of legal system. Based on seven authentic cases of Chinese courtroom trials, this study attempts to find out reliable linguistic deception indicators in Chinese courtroom context and establish a model of DDSA. As one of efficient cues to deception, linguistic manipulation enables liars to take deception strategies (i.e., concealment, falsification and distortion). Drawing on the notion of linguistic manipulation, a coding scheme is established, which shows that deception strategies are principally realized by six linguistic indicators (vagueness, generality, intensifiers, formulaic expressions, references to the other, and minimizing markers). Linguistic analyses are made to present how DDSA is achieved in each extract. This research sheds light on data-based studies on DDSA, and offers implications for other judicial practices, like police interrogations, and prosecutor’s questioning.
Shaping Professional Identity Through Professional Development: A Retrospective Study of TESOL Professionals
Authors: Ahmad Hussain , Latada Fatmawati , Wahab Muhammad Nubli , Shah Sayyed Rashid , Khan Khushnoor
Published: July 2018

In an educational milieu student learning outcomes are directly related to teacher professional identity (TPI) i.e. improvement in the TPI will bear a direct positive effect on the learners’ academic achievements. Current study focuses on the development of TPI of English as a Foreign Language Teacher at English Language Institute (ELI) of a Saudi Arabian university through an in-service Cambridge English Teachers (CET) Professional Development (PD) program (CET-PD). Five determinants of TPI - Knowledge of Teaching Context (KCT), Collegial Collaboration (CC), Teaching Practices (TPs), Teacher Self-Efficacy (TSE), and Teacher Agency (TA) were studied before and after the PD program. Retrospective pretest-posttest research design was employed for addressing the research question: whereas responses on the five determinants were elicited from 120 participants through a self-administered questionnaire before and after the CET-PD program. Due to non-normality of data, a non-parametric statistic test-Wilcoxon signed Rank test was employed to analyze the collected data using SPSS. Results of the study revealed that three determinants of TPI - KCT, TSE, and TPs exhibited larger differences; whereas, for CC the differences were moderate and for TA the differences were minimal. By and large, due to in-service CET- PD program TPI exhibited improvement. The results of the study will be beneficial for teacher trainers to focus more on the teachers’ awareness of the learners’ and institutional contextual knowledge in a culture embedded in conservative norms. This study is a part of the quantitative phase of an ongoing Ph.D. project which employs mixed method convergent design.
The Ability of Translation Students to Translate Environmental Expressions at Jadara University in Jordan
Authors: Alshehab Mohammad
Published: July 2018

This paper has coped with Environmental Sentences and Expressions (ESE). It aims at investigating the ability of translation students in translating the ESE at Jadara University in Jordan. Based on a practical study, a sample of 20 translation students was chosen randomly from the English Department, nine of them are urban, while eleven students are rural. For achieving the purpose of this paper and to collect data, a test of 25 environmental items was set up; the validity and the reliability were verified by a panel of judges at Jadara and Yarmouk Universities. Quantitatively, the researcher used SPSS to analyze data. Frequencies and percentages as a statistic method used to examine students’ ability in translating environmental terms and expressions. To know the differences between urban and rural students, T-test was used as another statistic method. The results of the study showed a poor level in translating environmental expressions. The results also revealed no significant differences between urban and rural students. In light of the study’s findings, it was recommended for issuing environmental course as an elective course for English students, and as a compulsory for translation students. Finally, some suggestions for further researches were written.
The Elicitation of Verbal Humor in Total Women: Conversational Implicature and Relevance
Authors: Wang Rongbin , Xue Yaoqin
Published: July 2018

This research examines how conversational implicature and relevance in communication contribute to the elicitation of verbal humor in Total Women, and it discusses whether the pragmatic theoretical analysis of verbal humor can eventually be induced to a hierarchical two-stage processing like Incongruity-resolution. It is shown that (1) The fun-making character Fannie’s statements which flouted different maxims of conversation all built up and led to the elicitation of verbal humor; (2) Relevance-eliciting verbal humor resembled to Incongruity-resolution with the oppositeness between the first interpretation and the retrieved one communicating the presumption of optimal relevance on the one hand and the humorous inference on the other hand.
Equivocation in Political Discourse: How Do We Know When It Is Happening?
Authors: Alhuthali Mohammed
Published: July 2018

Equivocation is a mode of speech adopted when the speaker wishes to avoid a direct answer to a question but is unwilling to resort to telling a lie. The result is a mode of speech at least partly designed to obscure communication rather than achieve clarity. However, determining what is equivocation is complex, not least as it can show attributes close to that expected when making a nuanced argument that takes account of lack of information or current controversies about the issue. This suggests the equivocation is much a product of how a given speech is interpreted by the observer. This study takes an interview given by President Trump shortly after his inauguration in 2016. Each block of speech is coded for evidence of equivocation (and, if so, of the type of equivocation). The main finding was that he systematically used equivocation in the interview with the manner of this shifting a little as the focus of the interview changed. However, there was no correlation between his use of equivocation and those sections were other observers have suggested his answers were actually dishonest. The extent to which he uses equivocation as a normal part of speech calls into account earlier assumptions that politicians resort to this mode of discourse at particular times rather than as a standard response. In turn, this requires the observer to consider how they define equivocation and how they respond when a particular politician uses this approach.
Reading Comprehension and Metacognitive Strategies in First Year Engineering University Students in Pakistan
Authors: Channa Mansoor Ahmed , Abassi Abdul Malik , John Stephen , Mohammad Jam Khan , Memon Masood A. , Nordin Zaimuariffudin Shukri
Published: July 2018

The paper investigates the use of metacognitive strategies by first year engineering students at the time of classroom practice on reading text. The study was conducted in four engineering departments of a university in Pakistan. Data was collected through focus group interviews of first year engineering students. The researchers developed interview questions which were validated by two experts at university Malaysia Sarawak. Students were divided into 8 groups and each group had 5 informants.  The data was recorded in audio-tape and organized gathered data through NVivo version 8 for interpretation of the results. The most important themes were generated through data analysis including thinking through images of the texts, selecting the main ideas, selecting the topic sentences, scanning of the texts, summarizing of the texts, and Questioning. The study contributed theoretically by giving the most promising results which showed that more than half of these groups used metacognitive strategies in classroom reading practice while less than half of groups did not use strategies and remained poor in reading comprehension. This study proposed to develop reading comprehension courses and syllabus based on reading strategies for engineering students.
Conceptualizing War via Cross-Domain Mapping in Julian Grenfell’s Poem Into Battle
Authors: Abdulmajeed Rufaidah Kamal , Younus Lina Laith
Published: July 2018

Metaphor is known for most people as a device of the poetic imagination and a matter of extraordinary rather than ordinary language. George Lakoff, (1992) claims that metaphor is fundamentally found in thoughts not in language. He defines metaphor as “a cross-domain mapping in the conceptual system”, while the metaphorical language is “a surface manifestation of conceptual metaphor”. This study deals with the war poem Into Battle of Jullian Grenfell as a sample of war poetry flourished during the First World War. The results show that the application of Lackoff’s cross-domain mapping theory of metaphor functions as a way of a vital presentation of the images of war. By these metaphorical images, the war actions become easily comprehended by the readers who do not have a chance to live in or to participate in wars.
Exploring Bicultural Ambivalence in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake: Representational Diasporic Identities in Indian Anglophone Fiction
Authors: Zubair Hassan Bin , Ahmed Nighat
Published: July 2018

This paper explores the cultural ambivalence and bicultural identity issues in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake. This Indian Anglophone novel carries different diasporic sensibilities. Issues of marriage and culture are very prominent with the importance of family relationships in the context of immigrant feelings and loss of identity. Unconditional love and acceptance of family relations emerge victorious at the end of the narrative. The writer shares the second generation migrant experience since they were born to parents who immigrated and settled to United States. While migrants from some of the Asian states, mainly those characterized by most recent immigrant waves, have really worse socio-economic situation than average immigrants; Indians people are rather prosperous minorities. Theories presented by Bhabha, Clifford and Appadurai about culture and diaspora support this research. Lahiri do not portray immigrants’ lives as a struggle to survive but rather concentrate on their affiliation to the country into which they arrived and also on their relationship with their American-born children. This research is helpful to know about the concerns associated with the liminal space and issues related to identity loss of first and second generations and living with a bicultural identity.
Adam Gruca – “Military Medic” in the Years 1914-1920
Authors: Bać Dorota , Cwanek Janusz
Published: July 2018

Adam Gruca was born on 3 December 1893 in MajdanSieniawski. In 1902 he began his education in a 4-year primary school. Thanks to the support of his teacher, Helena Ostrowska, in 1906 he became a student in a Gym­nasium in Jarosław. On 16 June 1913 Adam Gruca passed his secondary school leaving exam and in autumn he started his studies at the Faculty of Medicine at John Casimir University in Lviv. His studies were interrupted by the outbreak of World War I. On 1 July 1914, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army. After sixweeks’ training he was assigned to a hospital at the Merciful Brothers Monastery in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska. Subsequently, he worked for two years at the Field Hospital No. 2 in Andrychów, where he first started learning surgery. On 1 May 1916,Gruca was promoted to second lieutenant and was granted a three-month leave, during which he completed the 2nd year of his studies. In July 1917, he was transferred to the Italian front. Adam Gruca served in the Austrian army until 31 October 1918. On 6 November 1918 he volunteered to join the new Polish Armed Forces and was incorporated into the 2nd Squadron, 6th Cavalry Regiment. After one year of service in the Polish Armed Forces, he was transferred to Lviv, where he completed his 3rd year of studies. On 30 August 1920, he was assigned to the 34th Infantry Regiment. In 1921 he was promoted to captain and moved to the reserve. During the 5-year army service,the young student was able to gain practical knowledge and medical experience. On 24 June 1922, after nine years, he obtained a diploma in Medicine.
Chemical characterization and size distribution of atmospheric particles in urban area - preliminary study
Authors: Teixeira Elba Calesso , Sanchez Josete Dani , Fachel Jandyra , Migliavacca Daniela
Published: July 2018

The present work is a preliminary study with the aim of characterize the particle size and the chemical composition of aerosols in the Charqueadas County in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in order to better identify the sources responsible for alterations in the air quality. Seven filters were used for collecting material on thin nucleopore polycarbonate membrane (0,4 µm) during March/1996 to July/1996. X-ray energy dispersive scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of aerosol particles, and 21 elements were then analysed. Particle size distribution was measured by SEM-EDX analysis, and also by automated image technique. Nonhierarchical cluster analysis was applied to identify the types of particles present in the samples. This procedure resulted in the definition of 8 groups of particles containing Fe, Zn, Si, Al, S, Ca, Na and K, that revealed the chemical heterogeneity of aerosols in Charqueadas Country. The particle size analysis showed the predominance (around 80% of all analyzed particles) of the fraction ≤ 10 µm (dia) with the highest concentration of these particles located in the size ≤ 2.0 µm (dia). Data from particle size distribution, including Falk and Ward parameters, were combined with meteorological parameters and subjected to Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Discriminant Analysis. This procedure allowed particle-based features and meteorological variables to be integrated for potentially better discriminant capability.
HPO2GO: prediction of human phenotype ontology term associations using cross ontology annotation co-occurrences
Authors: Doğan Tunca
Published: July 2018

Analysing the relationships between biomolecules and the genetic diseases is a highly active area of research, where the aim is to identify the genes and their products that cause a particular disease due to functional changes originated from mutations. Biological ontologies are frequently employed in these studies, which provides researchers with extensive opportunities for knowledge discovery through computational data analysis. In this study, a novel approach is proposed for the identification of relationships between biomedical entities by automatically mapping phenotypic abnormality defining HPO terms with biomolecular function defining GO terms, where each association indicates the occurrence of the abnormality due to the loss of the biomolecular function expressed by the corresponding GO term. The proposed HPO2GO mappings were extracted by calculating the frequency of the co-annotations of the terms on the same genes/proteins, using already existing curated HPO and GO annotation sets. This was followed by the filtering of the unreliable mappings that could be observed due to chance, by statistical resampling of the co-occurrence similarity distributions. Furthermore, the biological relevance of the finalized mappings were discussed over selected cases, using the literature. The resulting HPO2GO mappings can be employed in different settings to predict and to analyse novel gene/protein - ontology term - disease relations. As an application of the proposed approach, HPO term – protein associations (i.e., HPO2protein) were predicted. In order to test the predictive performance of the method on a quantitative basis, and to compare it with the state-of-the-art, CAFA2 challenge HPO prediction target protein set was employed. The results of the benchmark indicated the potential of the proposed approach, as HPO2GO performance was among the best (Fmax = 0.35). The automated cross ontology mapping approach developed in this work may be extended to other ontologies as well, to identify unexplored relation patterns at the systemic level. The datasets, results and the source code of HPO2GO are available for download at: https://github.com/cansyl/HPO2GO.