bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dal simbolismo della rosa alle reliquie
Authors: Franchi Roberta ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: April 2024

Christians of the fourth and fifth centuries adopted Late Antique aesthetics, characterized by brilliance, dazzle and colors, to create a new form of imagination, where the corpses of the martyrs and their physical remains became shining bodies. Relics became a spiritual body, whose μετάληψις often produced roses or violets. Therefore there was a strict association in Late Antique Christianity among roses, relics and the colour red.
As implicações do conceito de igualdade no direito cosmopolita de Immanuel Kant
Authors: da Costa Angélica Godinho , Pereira Camila Dutra ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2024

This text works on the concept of equality, which permeates several of Immanuel Kant’s works, especially in his critical period, in legal-political approaches. Moral equality and legal equality are presented in relation to other concepts such as liberty and independence. Considering that the author did not deal directly with the subject and did not consistently take a stand on his egalitarian or non-egalitarian views in the different contexts of his writings, we will bring our own analyzes and those of the philosopher’s interpreters, through selected pages from his books. Therefore, an overview of the issue in Kant’s works will be presented, emphasizing the contributions and limitations of his approach in the context of cosmopolitan law.
25 TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GYUMRI BRANCH OF THE YEREVAN KOMITAS STATE CONSERVATORY
Authors: Harutyunyan Hasmik
Published: April 2024

Gyumri branch of Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory was founded in 1997 to provide quality music education, training of professional music personnel and development of musical-cultural life in the northern region of the Republic of Armenia with the most important mission of assistance. Being the bearer and successor of the principles of the state policy of education, the university was formed on the basis of the traditions of Yerevan State Conservatory, the forge producing professional Armenian musicians, and the musical and historical heritage of Shirak. The primary role of an educational institution is the full application of the principles of professional musical knowledge, mastering the necessary skills, their transmission and popularization.
The article is devoted to the milestones of establishment and development of the university, achievements of dedicated founders and teachers. Today, the system of musical standards of higher education at the university is in the process of continuous modernization with a clear consideration of international experience and requirements. They will contribute to the development of the university. It can be stated with confidence that the Gyumri branch of Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory, intensively developing with Alma Mater, may become one of the competitive universities of the Republic of Armenia.
Family Communication Patterns in Enhancing Learning Motivation and Academic Achievement Among Students of Ciputra University Surabaya
Authors: Jeremy Sutedjo Jason
Published: April 2024

Every parent wants good things to happen to their child, one of which is for their child to have a bright future. Therefore, it is important for parents and children to have a relationship that is built on healthy and effective communication. However, communication barriers often occur between parents and children which are influenced by several factors such as experience and age. Interpersonal communication is a form of communication that occurs directly between individuals in face-to-face conditions, this also includes interactions within the family, such as parents and children. Nowadays, in order to get the best education, children will go abroad and away from their parents. This will then reduce communication that occur between them and their parents. Many Ciputra University students come from various cities spread throughout Indonesia, not infrequently they also have brilliant achievement. In this study, researchers are interested in examining the role of family communication patterns in increasing learning motivation and achievement in Ciputra University students, especially those who are migrating and have distance barriers in communicating with parent.
Unified voice analysis: speaker recognition, age group and gender estimation using spectral features and machine learning classifiers
Authors: Akgün Kaya , Sadık Şerif Ali
Published: April 2024

Predicting speaker's personal traits from voice data has been a subject of attention in many fields such as forensic cases, automatic voice response systems, and biomedical applications. Within the scope of this study, gender and age group prediction was made with the voice data recorded from 24 volunteers. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) were extracted from the audio data as hybrid time/frequency domain features, and fundamental frequencies and formants were extracted as frequency domain features. These obtained features were fused in a feature pool and age group and gender estimation studies were carried out with 4 different machine learning algorithms. According to the results obtained, the age groups of the participants could be classified with 93% accuracy and the genders with 99% accuracy with the Support Vector Machines algorithm. Also, speaker recognition task was successfully completed with 93% accuracy with the Support Vector Machines.
Exploring the effect of self-efficacy enhancement program on medication adherence and self-efficacy among patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Mahdavian Maryam , Khajeh Mahboobeh , Goli Shahrbanoo , Pourmand Kamran , Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad , Ebrahimi Hossein
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Aim. This study aimed to determine the effect of the self-efficacy enhancement program on medication adherence and self-efficacy in patients with the acute coronary syndrome. Methods. The parallel randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 86 patients with the acute coronary syndrome in Shahroud, Iran, by using a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and a self-efficacy scale for appropriate medication. The self-efficacy enhancement program group received the self-efficacy program in five sessions of 30 to 45 minutes for 40 days, and the control group received routine support. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The level of significance was considered at 0.05. Results. After the intervention, a greater improvement in self-efficacy score (p < 0.001) and higher medication adherence score (p < 0.001) were observed in the self-efficacy enhancement program group than the control group. Conclusion. Considering the results of the present study, the self-efficacy enhancement program improves self-efficacy and medication adherence in acute coronary syndrome patients. Therefore, it is recommended to apply this intervention as an effective method.
The impact of credit indebtedness of natural persons on individual consumption of households
Authors: Ranisavljević Duško
Published: April 2024

In the period 2008-2019, we notice that the available funds-income that households generate are not sufficient to cover the individual consumption of the household, so the question arises how natural persons in Serbia compensate for this shortcoming. On the other hand, there is a significant increase in banks' lending activity in lending to natural persons in the same period. The aim of this paper is to examine the possible connection between the increase in credit indebtedness of natural persons and individual consumption of households. The basis for the analysis is the data of the NBS and SORS. The importance of the research is reflected in the fact that the analysis of individual consumption and credit indebtedness of natural persons is a very important topic that determines the living standard of the population. Banks' receivables from natural persons based on non-residential loans, namely cash, consumer and current account overdrafts, were analyzed, because they can be the basis for individual consumption. The results of the analysis showed that there is a high correlation between the increase in credit indebtedness of natural persons and individual consumption of households, and that households in Serbia certainly use part of the loan to cover individual consumption, because available household resources are not enough. Natural persons in the analyzed period compensate for their insufficient solvency with increased credit indebtedness.
Challenges and importance of food safety management in hospitality industry
Authors: Vukotić Jovan , Čerović Slobodan , Mastilović Jasna
Published: April 2024

A survey of the degree of importance consumers attach to the food safety management in accommodation facilities offering food was carried out. Consumers, that is, potential guests, without exception, attach importance to food safety comparable to the importance they attach to sensory properties of food, nutritional value of food and efficiency of service, which from the aspect of business success further emphasizes the need for transparent management of food safety in accommodation facilities offering food. With the aim of comparing the complexity, challenges and importance of food safety management in accommodation facilities that provide combined tourist accommodation and catering services depending on the type of facility, analysis of the complexity of food safety issues was performed depending on the type of facility. The obtained results suggest that the complexity of food safety management depends on the type of facility and is most pronounced in facilities such as hotels and motels. For the case of accommodation facilities with complex food offer, such as hotels, the challenges of food safety were considered through interviews with responsible staff in hotels. The challenges of managing food safety in these facilities are numerous and conditioned by various factors, starting from the diversity of the raw materials, through the compactness of the space, to the challenges related to the establishment of a traceability system. In the complex environment of food safety management in hotels, the knowledge of staff is invaluable.
Effects of using project-based learning in biology teaching
Authors: Županec Vera , Lazarević Tihomir , Olić-Ninković Stanislava
Published: April 2024

Project-Based Learning (PBL) enables students, by solving tasks within the project, to be much more active in classes and acquire knowledge through practical activities and experiences. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of the application of PBL in terms of student success in knowledge tests, then in terms of the durability of knowledge and mental effort that students invest by applying different teaching models. The sample included 406 fifth-grade students from four elementary schools in Novi Sad (Serbia). For the needs of the research, the following instruments were designed: knowledge tests (pre-test, post-test, re-test) and the scale of assessment of students' mental effort, which were applied in the research. The research has shown that PBL is more effective than traditional teaching (ex-catedra teaching), because students who attended this type of classes achieved better results on knowledge tests, their knowledge is more permanent, and mental effort is lower. The obtained results have theoretical and practical significance and suggest that PBL should be applied more in elementary schools within the subject of biology, but also within other subjects and higher levels of education.
Moderating role of learning strategies through student assessment of distance learning
Authors: Perić-Prkosovački Bojana , Đokić-Jovin Staša , Brkić-Jovanović Nina
Published: April 2024

The growing use of communication and information technology (ICT) allows for the improvement of distance learning, at the same time challenging teachers to apply ICT effectively in designing interactive lessons which would involve all students as active participants. Students should be able to monitor themselves by self-regulating and exerting control over their learning, taking responsibility, and directing the process. The aim of the research is to explore students' evaluation of distance learning, as well as the strategies they apply in the learning process, while also determining the connection between their assessment and strategy use. The Student Evaluation of Online Teaching Effectiveness (SEOTE) was used to examine the students' evaluation of online teaching, while the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was used to examine the use of motivated learning strategies. The results show that students who feel more confident in learning, who set internal goals and are able to self-regulate, evaluate online teaching more positively. Furthermore, students who use cognitive strategies more often rate communication with teachers higher and report spending more time on mastering the content and completing academic assignments. On the other hand, students who experience test anxiety tend to avoid working with peers. These findings imply that students with higher levels of self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, self-regulation, and strategy use give higher rates to the overall quality of online teaching, while anxiety hinders social interaction and joint learning.
Correlation of the fifth-grade elementary school students' self-evaluation with their success in the classroom
Authors: Vulin-Gvozden Milijana
Published: April 2024

The goal of this paper is to determine the degree and direction of the correlation between the self-evaluation of the fifth-grade elementary school students and their success in the classroom. The paper presents the results of the research on students' self-evaluation and their success in the classroom obtained on a sample of 208 fifth-grade elementary school students from the territory of the city of Banja Luka. An assessment scale was used for the purposes of the research and knowledge tests for the school subjects Serbian Language and Science and Social Studies were prepared. In line with the character of the research, the method of theoretical analysis and synthesis, the survey research method, and the analytical-descriptive method were applied. The results obtained using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient confirmed that students' self-evaluation is significantly related to their general success at the end of the first term of the fifth grade of elementary school, their success at the end of the first semester in the subjects Serbian Language and Science and Social Studies, and achievements on the knowledge tests for the same school subjects. The obtained results indicate the importance of introducing student self-evaluation in the educational process in the field of achieving better results at school. However, the fact that self-evaluation is not sufficiently represented in our schools is a downside of this research, indicating a need for additional study and research of student self-evaluation, followed by its systematic introduction into educational practice.
The interplay of democracy and trade: A comparative study of China and the EU in Eurasian relations
Authors: Stekić Nenad , Nikolić Jovana
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates trade cooperation dynamics across the expansive Eurasian region, with a specific focus on the theoretical underpinnings of the democratic peace concept. It delves into the evolving trade and political relationships between 26 Eurasian countries and two prominent global actors - China and the European Union, spanning the period from 2007 to the Ukrainian crisis in 2022. Through an examination of statistical correlations between trade variables - namely, export and import - and factors such as free trade agreements, shifts in political regime types, institutional stability of Eurasian nations, and their membership within economic alliances, this research provides a nuanced perspective on the evolution of interactions between EU/China and Eurasia. The findings underscore a notable expansion in trade cooperation among the analysed cases since 2007, despite occasional tensions and divergent geopolitical interests involving China and the EU. Statistical analyses further reveal that the dynamics of export and import between the EU and Eurasian countries align with the stability of political regimes in Eurasia. Conversely, in the case of China, moderately negative correlations emerge. Importantly, trade patterns exhibit variations among individual countries, irrespective of their political regime dynamics, institutional stability, or membership in economic alliances - a phenomenon warranting in-depth exploration within the confines of this paper. The paper concludes by discussing how the findings challenge the postulates of commercial liberalism as part of democratic peace theory in the Eurasian context. The analysis clearly demonstrates that, with the EU and China as the two main global economic actors, these ideas need to be theoretically redefined to accurately capture the dynamics at play in the region in future.
Chitosan-treated cotton yarns: Impact of application method on antimicrobial activity
Authors: Toshikj Emilija , Petrovski Ognen , Petrovska Milena , Jordanov Igor
Published: April 2024

Textiles with antimicrobial activity are necessary to prevent the action of pathogenic microorganisms on textiles, as well as their spread and transmission to protect the health of medical personnel and patients. There is a need for an application method that will provide textiles with the greatest resistance to the action of pathogenic microorganisms. This research presents data regarding the effect of chitosan application methods on bacteria reduction, which is useful for obtaining cotton yarns with antibacterial activity. Low molecular weight chitosan was used to pre-treated (alkaline scoured and bleached) cotton yarns in four application methods. Each application method changed the exhaustion, padding, drying, and rinsing phases to obtain antibacterial yarns against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Determining the applied chitosan amount and accessible amino groups was used to analyze their effect on antibacterial activity. Differences in surface morphology and chemistry between samples were analyzed by FTIR-ATR and SEM analysis. The result indicated that the methods in which the drying phase precedes the rinsing phase have a higher efficiency in reducing bacteria than the methods in which the rinsing phase precedes the drying phase. The method with the highest efficiency in reducing bacteria is the method in which the exhaustion phase is followed by a phases pad, dry, and rinse.
Analyzing impacts of campus journalism on student’s grammar consciousness and confidence in writing engagements
Authors: V.Chavez Jason , O.Anuddin Fermina , H.Mansul Hartini , A.Hawari Nadzrina , B.Irilis Fadzrama , A.Umaron Alvarez , Kaslani Fatimah , Matugol Fatima , M.Siring Roshelna , E.Albani Salman
Published: April 2024

Campus journalism serves an important foundation for learning, values development, and discipline. Campus journalism fosters students’ development in various literary, social, and academic aspects. Its culture emphasizes the importance of truthfulness, social transformation, and effective communication not only in school but also in communities. This study aimed to analyze how campus journalism shaped the grammar consciousness and confidence in writing among campus journalists. This study purposively sampled 16 campus journalists to extract their narratives that reflect their consciousness and confidence. Nine (9) of the participants were college students and were former campus journalists in high school while seven (7) were current member of their publication. Narrative analysis indicated that trainings and mentorship in campus journalism developed the writing competencies of campus journalists and helped them expand their linguistic knowledge and literary skills. This mechanism enabled them to be conscious and confident in their language use, most especially in academic setting. However, it was also evident that social pressures in social media delimit them to express their ideas and share their skills to larger community. Social cognitive theory supports this language use anxiety in social media that leads campus journalists to control what they share and express socially. Nevertheless, this study provided a possible perspective for future analysis on how social factors influence the language use of campus journalists. This study highlighted how specific culture to which campus journalists were exposed to can potentially foster or degrade their language confidence.
Augustine and Luther on toleration and coercion
Authors: Olsen Peter
Published: April 2024

Augustine of Hippo (354–430) and Martin Luther (1483–1546) both argued in favor of toleration and freedom of religion in their younger years, but both changed their policy toward dissenters as they grew older. They also adjusted their reading of the Parable of the Weeds (Matt 13) to varying situations. The older Augustine and Luther both called on the secular authorities to suppress their theologi- cal opponents, using the sword that God has given them (Rom 13) to protect both tables of the law: religion and morals. This article describes and explains their similar development in this regard.
Book Reviews
Authors:   International Journal for Religious Freedom
Published: April 2024

Religious Freedom in a Secular Age: A Christian Case for Liberty, Equality, and Secular Government (Michael E. Bird) The Jewish Underground of Samarkand: How Faith Defied Soviet Rule – A Memoir and a History (Rabbi Hillel Zaltzman) The gospel and religious freedom: Historical studies in evangelicalism and political engagement (David W. Bebbington, editor) The Disintegration of the Conscience and the Decline of Modernity (Steven D. Smith) I Will Give Them an Everlasting Name: Pastoral Care for Christ’s Converts from Islam (Duane Alexander Miller) Demystifying the Sacred: Blasphemy and Violence from the French Revolution to Today (Eveline G. Bouwers and David Nash, eds.)
Respecting individual religious autonomy at secular public universities in South Africa
Authors: Nel Werner Nicolaas
Published: April 2024

The implementation of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination policies by several South African public universities highlighted the interpretive struggles of a secular polity regarding freedom of religion or conscience. Such workplace policies relied on the claim that society’s collective interests took precedence over the individual’s constitutional rights. In essence, the policies allowed for accommodating conscientious objectors, but in reality, the conditions for ob- jection went beyond prioritizing collective interests and neglected the constitutional duty to protect human rights. This article examines how the restrictive vaccination policies of public universities reveal the shortcomings in secular polity’s engagement with and appreciation for individual religious self-determination.
‘Mind the gap’: het verhelderen van paradigmatische assumpties in praktijkgericht onderzoek met het Kwadrantenmodel ‘Onderzoek’
Authors: Van der Auweraert Ann , Niessen Theo
Published: April 2024

Discussies over praktijkgericht onderzoek met twistpunten over representativiteit, het al dan niet verklarend karakter van praktijkgericht onderzoek maar ook onderwerpen als interne en externe validiteit zouden - zo blijkt in dit tijdschrift – beter te begrijpen zijn wanneer we de achterliggende paradigmatische assumpties expliciteren. Hiermee zijn we het eens. We betogen dat dit van groot belang is, omdat verschillen van meningen over bovenstaande onderwerpen op het niveau van het wereldbeeld begrepen kunnen worden. Deze wereldbeelden of paradigmatische uitgangspunten kunnen op een fundamenteel niveau onvergelijkbaar (wetenschapsfilosofische term: incommensurabel) zijn. Met deze vaststelling constateren we dat het gesprek binnen het HBO hierover ten onrechte nog slechts mondjesmaat wordt gevoerd. Het betrekken van de wetenschapsfilosofische grondbeginselen bij de hiervoor genoemde onderwerpen helpt bij de verdere professionalisering van praktijkgericht onderzoek. Met de presentatie van het Kwadrantenmodel ‘Onderzoek’ hopen we een bijdrage te leveren voor onderzoekers om deze aannames meer expliciet in de discussies te betrekken in praktijkgericht onderzoek. Daarnaast helpt het onderzoekers om methodologische keuzes te maken die congruent zijn met de eigen paradigmatische assumpties
Universal Design for Learning Implementation in Higher Education: Survey of Faculty and Instructional Designers
Authors: Kirsch Breanne , Luo Tian
Published: April 2024

Universal design for learning (UDL) is an inclusive design framework. Faculty and instructional designers were surveyed to investigate UDL implementation in higher education. This survey was based on one used by Westine et al. (2019). Results about how faculty and instructional designers learn about UDL, how instructional designers train and support faculty in UDL, and why and how participants choose to employ UDL are shared. The results from this study have provided new findings in relation to faculty and instructional designer UDL implementation efforts in higher education that have implications for training and supporting faculty with UDL application efforts.
Without a Doubt
Authors: Epik Aziz , Geneuss Julia
Published: April 2024

The German Federal Court of Justice recently announced that the exclusion of functional immunity for foreign state officials in cases of international crimes is “without a doubt” part of customary international law. Like many others in academic literature, we agree with this conclusion – the German government would be well advised to embrace it and put an end to its long-standing ambiguous position on the matter.
The Complex Conflict
Authors: Leek David
Published: April 2024

A competition over resources, power, and influence.
The European Court of Human Rights’ Kick Into Touch
Authors: Torre-Schaub Marta
Published: April 2024

On April 9, 2024, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) ruled on three applications concerning the fight against climate change and the positive obligations of the signatory states of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in this respect. This blog post analyzes the Carême decision in which the Court declared inadmissible an application brought by a former mayor of a French town on the grounds of incompatibility ratione personae with the provisions of the Convention within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (§ 88). In my view, this is an ill-developed decision, which could dangerously imply a regression in environmental matters.
Siroz ve Malnütrisyon
Authors: Şatay Merve , Çetin Sevan , Yıldırım İlknur Gökçe
Published: April 2024

Kronik karaciğer hastalığı olarak da adlandırılan siroz, karaciğerde ileri derecede hasar oluşumudur. Çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak karaciğerde farklı seviyelerde hasar meydana gelir. Sirozun neden olduğu karaciğer hasarı genellikle geri döndürülemez ancak erken dönemde teşhis edilirse ortaya çıkan hasar sınırlandırılabilir. Siroz, erken dönemde belirti vermese de hastalık derecesi ilerledikçe şiddetli belirtilerle ortaya çıkar. Kronik alkol durumu, Hepatit B ve Hepatit C gibi kronik viral hepatitler sirozun başlıca nedenleridir. Karaciğer hastalıklarında ve sirozda beslenme tedavisinin önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Malnütrisyon; enerji, protein ve diğer besin ögelerinin yetersiz, dengesiz veya fazla alınması nedeniyle vücut yapı ve fonksiyonlarının ölçülebilir şekilde olumsuz etkilendiği bir durumdur. İstemsiz vücut ağırlığı kaybı malnütrisyonun en iyi göstergelerinden biridir. Karaciğer hastalıklarında çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak besin alımı azalmakta ve malnütrisyon oldukça yaygın gözlenmektedir. Malnütrisyon, sirozlu hastalarda etiyolojiden bağımsız olarak gelişmekte ve buna bağlı olarak morbidite ve mortalite yüksekliği de paralellik göstermektedir. Karaciğer hastalarında malnütrisyonu önlemek için tedbirler alınmalı ve saptandığında erken dönemde tedaviye başlanmalıdır. Sirozlu hastalarda beslenme tedavisindeki amaç; çok sıkı diyet kısıtlamalarından kaçınarak malnütrisyonu düzeltmek, enerji ve besin ögesi yetersizliklerini yerine koymaktır. Bu amaçla hastalara oral, enteral ve/veya parenteral yolla beslenme destek tedavileri uygulanmaktadır. Bu derleme siroz ve malnütrisyon arasındaki ilişkinin ve beslenme tedavisinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.
Rendezvények a világjárvány és a gazdasági kihívások korában: a Veszprém-Balaton 2023 Európa Kulturális Fővárosa Program tapasztalatai
Authors: Formádi Katalin , Lőrincz Katalin
Published: April 2024

A pandémia, a gazdasági-társadalmi kihívások jelentős hatással voltak a rendezvényiparra is, melyek a szabadidős fesztiválok újratervezését, a felmerülő kockázatok és bizonytalanságok rugalmasabb menedzselését eredményezték. Jelen tanulmány a Veszprém-Balaton 2023 Európa Kulturális Fővárosa program keretében a 2021-2022-ben megrendezett fesztiválok szervező oldali tapasztalatait vizsgálja, a PwC kockázatmenedzsment modellt alkalmazva. A primer kutatás strukturált interjúkra támaszkodik, mely különböző tematikájú és helyszínű fesztiválok szervezői tapasztalatait mutatja be.
Egyetemi hallgatók felelős fogyasztása : Pilot kutatás a Pannon Egyetem Turizmus szakos hallgatói körében
Authors: Gyurácz-Németh Petra , Steinbachné Hajmásy Gyöngyi
Published: April 2024

A tanulmány témája napjaink egyik rendkívül aktuális kérdése a felelős fogyasztás, mely a fenntartható fejlődés egyik fontos célja és eszköze is. A tanulmány egy kérdőíves, primer kutatás segítségével vizsgálja, hogy a turizmust tanuló hallgatók mennyire tartják fontosnak a felelős fogyasztás egyes tényezőit. A kutatás eredményei alapján megállapítható az egyének felelős fogyasztási szintje, valamint az, hogy az egyes tényezők közül melyik mekkora fontossággal bír a hallgatók körében. Továbbá, hogy a mintában szereplő magyar nyelven tanuló hallgatók körében az újrahasznosított csomagolású termékek fogyasztása a leginkább jellemző tényező, míg az angol nyelven tanuló hallgatók esetében a helyi termékek fogyasztása lett a leglényegesebb. A felelős fogyasztási szinteknél nem állapítható meg szignifikáns különbség a magyarul és angolul tanuló hallgatók között, illetve a vizsgált demográfiai tényezők sem adnak magyarázatot a felelős fogyasztásban tapasztalható különbségekre.
El docente como gestor de emociones en ambientes de aprendizajes
Authors: Cayambe Gordillo Janeth Magali , Sánchez Herrera Mariana Lucila , Núñez Núñez Isabel Mercedes , Silva Veloz Iván Marcelo , Sánchez Herrera Elva Faviola
Published: April 2024

El estudio del docente como gestor de emociones en ambientes de aprendizaje, cobra especial relevancia en el contexto ecuatoriano, donde la educación emocional se ha convertido en un eje fundamental para la formación integral de los estudiantes. El desarrollo de habilidades emocionales como autoconciencia, autorregulación, empatía y habilidades sociales, son esenciales para que los estudiantes ecuatorianos puedan desenvolverse con éxito en la sociedad actual. En ese sentido, la gestión emocional del docente se convierte en pilar fundamental para la creación de un ambiente de aprendizaje positivo y efectivo, ya que al gestionar adecuadamente sus emociones logra crear un clima de confianza y seguridad donde los estudiantes se sientan cómodos para expresar sus emociones y aprender. El estudio se desarrolló bajo la metodología de revisión teórica, evidenciándose la necesidad de fortalecer la formación del profesorado ecuatoriano en estrategias de gestión emocional, de manera que adquiera herramientas de identificación y comprensión de emociones, sepa regularlas efectivamente y desarrolle empatía las emociones de sus estudiantes, comunicándose asertivamente y modelando una gestión emocional efectiva en el aula. En conclusión, se recomienda implementar programas de formación continua para el profesorado en gestión emocional; incluir la educación emocional al currículo; fomentar la colaboración entre el profesorado, familias y comunidad en apoyo al desarrollo emocional de los estudiantes. Invertir en la formación emocional del profesorado ecuatoriano responde al futuro del país, porque niños y jóvenes con habilidades emocionales bien desarrolladas serán ciudadanos felices, resilientes y exitosos, capaces de contribuir al desarrollo social y económico del Ecuador.
Avaliação de correlação entre superexplotação de aquífero cárstico e sismicidade na região do Alto Verde Grande
Authors: Magleau Martins Pedro , Katiuscia Pastana de Souza Ana , Strachotta Chris , Abbas da Gama Felipe , Braga Vieira Flávia , Pimenta de Figueiredo Flávio , Duarte Viola Raphael
Published: April 2024

Em bacias hidrográficas com disponibilidade hídrica limitada e com déficit hídrico, como é o caso da bacia do Alto Verde Grande, localizada em Minas Gerais, Brasil, a captação de água subterrânea por poços profundos torna-se fundamental para atender a demanda dos diversos usuários da bacia. A bacia é constituída predominantemente por rochas do Grupo Bambuí, onde se tem a ocorrência de aquíferos cársticos. De acordo com o levantamento realizado no Sistema de Informações de Águas Subterrâneas da Comapnhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais (SIAGAS-CPRM), existem mais de 1.200 poços de bombeamento de água subterrânea na área. A captação de água subterrânea dessa densidade de poços pode levar ao rebaixamento do lençol freático, resultando na variação temporal e geográfica das poro-pressões nos aquíferos que podem induzir terremotos a poucos quilômetros de profundidade. Em uma análise realizada no Boletim do Catálogo Brasileiro (SISBRA), que fornece registros sísmicos em todo o Brasil, identificou-se que em um raio de 200 km da região de Montes Claros foram registrados 142 sismos entre 1931 a 2019, sendo 105 deles em um raio de 30 km de Montes Claros. A análise de dados climatológicos indica déficit hídrico na região. Promovendo a Agenda de Águas Subterrâneas da ONU para 2022 - Tornando o Invisível Visível - o presente estudo procurou entender; através da avaliação de locais de eventos sísmicos, de gráficos climatólogicos, de mapas geológicos; a relação, se houver, entre a atividade sísmica na bacia do Alto Verde Grande e a captação de água subterrânea por poços profundos.
Current Status and Legal Tasks for Administrative Litigation Rules
Authors:   Korean Administrative Law Association, Kim Chul Woo
Published: April 2024

The Administrative Litigation Rules were established based on the rule-making power of the Supreme Court. Originating from England and America, the rule-making authority of the Supreme Court aims to ensure the independence and expertise of the judiciary branch. In Korea, the Supreme Court is granted broad discretion to establish rules regarding litigation procedures, internal regulations, and administrative procedures under the Constitution, even without the basis of law. However, Article 108 of the Constitution contrasts with Anglo-American systems in that the Article recognizes the supremacy of law over conflicting statutory and Supreme Court Rules, thereby affirming the principle of legal superiority.
The Administrative Litigation Act has prompted demands for reform from academia, as it has long been left as is since its comprehensive revision in 1984. Now that the Administrative Litigation Rules have been established, such demands are expected to be met to a significant extent. It is noteworthy that the rules reflect significant aspects of past judicial precedents and legal principles adopted by the Supreme Court with regard to interpreting provisions of the Administrative Litigation Act, or common practices implemented without legal basis. However, uniformly regulating substantive legal interpretations based on Supreme Court Rules may contradict the purpose of Article 108 of the Constitution. Moreover, even for matters concerning litigation procedures, it is more preferable to regulate essential issues on realizing citizens' fundamental rights directly by law.
In Korea, the process of establishing Supreme Court Rules is devoid of involvement from the National Assembly, and the sole procedural controls are inquiries of opinions from relevant agencies and prior announcements of legislation. Relying solely on such procedures, however, is limited in securing democratic legitimacy. Because judicial reviews for unlawful Supreme Court Rules are carried out by the same body responsible for the establishment, concerns arise over the effectiveness of judiciary controls. Therefore, supplementary legal measures thereof are called for, as well as proactive efforts for the revision of the Administrative Litigation Act.
German Discusses about Artificial Intelligence (AI), Full Automation in Discretion
Authors:   Korean Administrative Law Association, Kim Yong-wook
Published: April 2024

Germany imposes relatively large restrictions by prohibiting the issuance of fully automated administrative acts in cases of discretion through Article 35a of the Federal Administrative Procedure Act, but legislators can and do allow this in individual laws according to Article 1 (1) of the Administrative Procedure Act, which stipulates the “principle of priority of special laws”. The permissible forms of legislation can be categorized as (1) permissible if the official has no reason to deal with the case, (2) no restrictions or conditions on issuance, (3) no conditions on issuance, but the legislator specifies the exclusion of discretion in the Reasons for legislation, and (4) prohibiting the issuance of full automation from discretion.
The application of human resource management procedures such as recruitment and evaluation of public officials, which are representative of discretionary administration, underscores the need to apply AI in mass procedures, and the algorithmization of discretionary criterions through technological advances will bring a revolution in public administration. If it is rejected or deemed impossible, the practical implications of full automation in public administration -which will eventually boil down to AI administration- will inevitably lead to a decline. To this end, law will have to do its part by focusing on defining the meaning of the discretionary criterion.
A Study on Measures to Improve the Legal System for the Well-Dying of the Elderly: Focusing on Death Education
Authors:   Korean Administrative Law Association, RHEE Eun-sang , Song Seong-min
Published: April 2024

This paper deals with the topic of so-called education about death or preparation for death. This paper, as part of the studies from a legal perspective on the well-dying of the elderly, aims to analyze the current status of legislation and operation related to death (preparation) education and seek improvement points.
The Elderly experience so-called ‘death anxiety’, where they feel fear and stress about their own death through the death of family members and relatives. The purpose of death education is to alleviate and resolve this ‘death anxiety’ through understanding the process and nature of death, to rediscover the value and meaning of life, and to have a positive attitude toward the remaining life and the future. Through death education, it becomes possible to exercise the correct ‘right to self-determination’ to independently decide how to end one’s life.
This paper reviews the legal and institutional status of death education. The death education for the elderly is carried out as part of elderly education or leisure activities at leisure welfare facilities for the elderly (for example, welfare center for senior citizens, center for senior citizens, educational courses for senior citizens, etc.) under the Welfare of Senior Citizens Act. In addition, Jeju Island is the first and currently only local government in Korea to enact and implement an ordinance on death education.
This paper proposes the following as a legal and institutional improvement plan for death education. First, it is necessary to systematically legislate various matters related to death education for the elderly. Next is to improve the death education contents delivery system for the elderly. Lastly, it is required to classify the subjects of death education by age and provide education contents appropriate for each age group, thereby promoting death education for the elderly and institutionalizing death education for youth.
The Legal Implications and Regulations of Fiscal Soundness
Authors:   Korean Administrative Law Association, Kim Do Seung
Published: April 2024

Ensuring fiscal sustainability for future generations and responding to structural fiscal burdens such as low birth rates and aging population are crucial national capabilities to address economic crises. Fiscal soundness generally refers to a state where there are no problems with the government's ability to pay for services, and there are no obstacles to fiscal sustainability. This can be understood as maintaining a national debt-to-GDP ratio within a limit specified by fiscal rules, ensuring that the rate of increase in national debt is lower than the interest rate, and being able to adjust current debt to future fiscal balances. Fiscal soundness, in essence, may be viewed as maintaining the principle of balanced budgets, emphasizing fiscal equilibrium. However, commonly cited criteria for assessing fiscal soundness are national debt, fiscal balance, and expenditure levels, with the national debt-to-GDP ratio being a prominent indicator.
In the 2000s, various factors threatening fiscal sustainability in the Korean economy, such as rapid aging, unprecedentedly low birth rates, global economic downturns, and intensifying trade disputes between the US and China, have been raised. In particular, the unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult to predict the future in fiscal and economic policy. Against the backdrop of high global economic uncertainty, the growth rate of the Korean economy is forecasted to decline to an average of 2.0% during the period of 2020-2024, a 0.8%p decrease compared to the previous five years, with economic growth in 2023 at 1.4%. The “Integrated Fiscal Balance” recorded a deficit of 72.2 trillion won in 2020, and the “Management Fiscal Balance” recorded a deficit of 112 trillion won, the highest deficit since statistics were compiled in 2001. In 2023, the “Management Fiscal Balance” recorded a deficit of 117 trillion won, the highest ever. Various indicators are warning of “red lights” across the country, sparking heated debates about fiscal soundness or the sustainability of fiscal policy.
The upcoming 22nd National Assembly, soon to begin its session, faces significant challenges in overcoming economic difficulties and adapting flexibly to changes in the global economy to find new drivers of growth and seize opportunities for a new leap forward. This paper examines the meaning of fiscal soundness, what criteria should be considered, and explores the legal implications of the principle of balanced budgets(principe d’équilibre budgétaire) in French fiscal law. Furthermore, it reviews institutional challenges for ensuring fiscal sustainability, such as fiscal rules, budgetary legalism, and the Paygo Rule.
Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Post-PCI Outcomes after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xiaoyu  Liu  , Weifen  Wang  , Xiaohan Xing
Published: April 2024

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is related with poor outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether diabetic patients with AMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) benefit from sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in terms of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial damage, and left ventricular function is unclear. Methods: Through a comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of science databases from January 2018 to September 2023, randomized controlled trials were performed to compare SGLT2i with other oral antidiabetic medications in diabetic patients with AMI undergoing PCI. Cardiovascular mortality constituted the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) levels, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Results: SGLT2i significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality risk versus other antidiabetic agents (hazard ratio (HR): 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21–0.58, p < 0.0001). SGLT2i also lowered hs-TnI levels across all time points (mean difference: –2931 ng/L, p < 0.001). After adjustment for publication bias, this difference was no longer significant. However, peak hs-TnI levels remained significantly lower with SGLT2i (mean difference: –3836 ng/L, p < 0.001). Finally, SGLT2i improved LVEF versus comparators, with a mean difference of –5.00% (95% CI: –6.69 to –3.31, p < 0.001) at hospital discharge. SGLT2i was also associated with 60% lower odds of CI-AKI (odds ratio (OR): 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22–0.75, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Compared with other antidiabetic medications, SGLT2i may lower cardiovascular mortality, infarct size, and prevent left ventricle (LV) systolic dysfunction in diabetic patients with AMI undergoing PCI. The use of SGLT2i in this high-risk group is supported by these findings.
Continuous Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Coronary Revascularization for Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Ding Jie , Shu Wei , Chen Jiaojiao
Published: April 2024

Objective: To determine the contribution of serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following coronary revascularization (CR) to the clinical management of patients with left ventricular insufficiency. Methods: The study objects comprised the clinical data of 145 patients with CR undergoing CR surgery for left ventricular insufficiency in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023. The patients were divided into the case (n = 35, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%) and control (n = 110, LVEF ≥50%) groups based on the LVEF recorded in the medical record system 6 months after surgery. Preoperative LVEF left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), cardiac index (CI), and other cardiac magnetic resonance detection parameters were compared. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the prognostic factors of patients undergoing CR after CR surgery for left ventricular insufficiency. The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve (AUC) were calculated, and the best prediction threshold was determined. The prognostic value of cardiac MRI in CR surgery for left ventricular dysfunction was observed. Results: Cardiac MRI revealed that the case group had higher LVEDV, LVESV, LVEDVI, LVESVI, and CI than the control group. However, the LVEF index was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis was conducted for indicators with differences, and the results indicate LVEF as a protective factor for the postoperative efficacy of the patients, with an odds ratio (OR) <1. LVEDV, LVESV, LVEDVI, LVESVI, and CI were all risk factors for the postoperative efficacy of the patients, with an OR >1. The AUC values of LVEF, LVEDV, LVESV, LVEDVI, LVESVI, and CI were 0.698, 0.674, 0.654, 0.700, 0.572, and 0.812, respectively. The optimal threshold values were 53.57%, 112.33 and 68.5 mL, and 205.51, 163.99, and 2.14 L/m2, and their corresponding sensitivities reached 0.618, 0.514, 0.654, 0.800, 0.371, and 0.829 for each index. The specificities were 0.800, 0.836, 0.771, 0.609, 0.836, and 0.645, which indicate that LVEF, LVEDV, LVESV, LVEDVI, LVESVI, and CI had a certain degree of predictive value for postoperative cardiac function recovery. Conclusion: LVEDV, LVESV, LVEDVI, LVESVI, CI, and LVEF are all factors affecting the clinical efficacy in patients undergoing CR after left ventricular insufficiency. In addition, cardiac MRI can effectively detect the above factors and effectively predict the postoperative efficacy among patients.