bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Australian education and rural-regional sustainability
Authors: Green Bill
Published: December 2022

This paper seeks to develop a case for (re)thinking education and sustainability with specific reference to rural Australia. It proposes a critical view of rural-regional sustainability, taking into account notions of bioregionality and ecosocial change. Two key points are made. One is the assertion that rural education as such is better reformulated as education for rural-regional sustainability. The other is the introduction of a reconceptualised view of public education, as explicitly embracing formal, informal and non-formal sectors, and considering schools therefore within a larger, more comprehensive view of educational practice addressed to the task of educating the public. Education thus understood is a crucial resource for developing informed, active citizenship and community regeneration in the Anthropocene age.
Editorial
Authors: Roberts Philip
Published: December 2022

Welcome to the third edition of the Australian and International Journal of Rural Education for 2016.
Editorial
Authors: Roberts Philip , Ledger Sue
Published: December 2022

Editorial for Volume 27(1)
Community perspectives and the politics of water in rural Australia: Rural-regional sustainability education in the Murray Darling Basin
Authors: McPherson Amy , Roberts Philip , Downes Natalie
Published: December 2022

Sustainability is a central challenge facing the future viability of Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) communities in rural Australia.Â  Faced with environmental uncertainty and its associated community impacts, sustainability has at once been positioned as the path to a prosperous future and a flash point of community conflict. Key to these tensions has been different perspectives on sustainability adopted by various community members and the difficulty of working towards a shared understanding of the term. Drawing upon the first phase of a two-year project exploring education and sustainability in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, the paper examines different community understandings of sustainability. The differences observed reflect debates about community in rural areas, as well as sustainability in the research literature. We then consider the role of education in collaborative community dialogue about rural-regional sustainability in contexts where sustainability education plays out against broader conflicts over the natural resource of water and its pivotal role in Australiaâ€™s economic wealth and social wellbeing.
Editorial
Authors: Henderson Robyn , LÃºcio Joana
Published: December 2022

Editorial
Walk Beside Me, Learn Together: A Service-Learning Immersion to a Remote Aboriginal School and Community
Authors: Lavery Shane , Cain Glenda Belle , Hampton Patrick
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the potential of a service-learning immersion program to promote pre-service teachers' development of cultural competency in the area of Aboriginal education. That is, the research focused on ways the immersion program helped pre-service teachers (a) develop awareness of cultural implications in teaching in a remote school and (b) understand and respect Aboriginal people with a view to reconciliation. The program has operated since 2013 and occurs in a remote Aboriginal school and community in Western Australia.  The duration of the immersion is eight days and is open to early childhood, primary and secondary pre-service teachers. The underlying epistemology of the research is constructivist, specifically interpretivist in nature, with a symbolic interactionist lens. That is, the research attempts to â€˜give voiceâ€™ to the participants through their own language.  Content analysis was the methodology used to explore the pre-service teachersâ€™ experiences and perceptions while undertaking their service-learning immersion.  Data collection methods included focus group interviews, participant journals and a questionnaire.These data were collected over a four-year span from 2014 to 2017. The findings indicate that the service-learning immersion has enabled pre-service teachers to explore their interests and passion to teach Aboriginal students in both rural and remote locations.
Editorial: Aligning AIJRE Research with the Independent Review into Regional, Rural and Remote Education
Authors: Ledger Susan , Downey Jayne
Published: December 2022

Editorial
Hybridity and Tibetan language education policies in Sichuan
Authors: Yang Bai
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the Sichuan case study: Badi Primary School, a semi-agro-pastoral town primary school in Danba County of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province. Section 1 introduces the context of the town and the school. This is done by analyzing discourses of education policy in the town and the school. Through this analysis I contextualize the hybridity and Tibetan language in Sichuan which is the subject of this study. This section is used as a basis for hybridity policy enactment processes of Tibetan language education policy actors â€“ agendas â€“ actions â€“ artifacts, which is detailed presented in Section 2. Interaction of hybridity in discourses and discursive strategies in this school community is discussed in the final section. Focusing on the concern relating to Hybridity and Tibetan language in Sichuan, Sichuanâ€™s Tibetan language education as research site, and discourse theory as analytical tool I also consider the language education policy trajectory over the last 20 years of economic and social change in Sichuan, including the impact of neo-liberalism and marketization on education policy for Tibetans.
Chinese Pre-service Teachers' Perceptions of Teaching Practicum under Contrasting Contexts: Implications for Rural Teacher Preparation
Authors: Qin Lixia , Villarreal Elsa
Published: December 2022

Globally, much of the criticism has been directed at the quality of university-based teacher education in preparing teachers for impoverished schools. Drawing on data from an incentive program of teacher education in China, the authors comparatively investigated the field experiences of pre-service teachers from contrasting setting (urban and rural schools). Under the perspective of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy, the study focused on participants' perception of teaching practicum and how well the program had prepared them for rural schools. The particular attention has been paid to whether the less-successful teaching practicum, such as lack of knowledge and skills of instructing diverse students, influenced pre-service teachers' commitment to teach in rural schools. We found pre-service teachers who taught in urban schools reported more positive field experiences and higher teaching commitment than those in rural places. The rural per-service teachers have reported more difficulties in linking their college courses with actual practice and settings. The policy implications for rural teacher preparation have been discussed as well.
Examining rural maternal gender attitudes over time: Will she belong to another family, anyway?
Authors: Kong Peggy , Zhang Yuping
Published: December 2022

Over the last 60 years, egalitarian gender roles have been a prominent component of Chinaâ€™s development plan. With changing social and economic policies, there is growing research in both urban and rural areas that suggests the weakening of traditional gender values. But, little research has been focused on examining the change of gender attitudes over time. Using Bourdieuâ€™s concept of cultural capital, this paper explores how maternal gender attitudes change over time and also the relationship between maternal gender attitudes and subsequent educational attainment for girls and boys. Drawing from the Gansu Survey of Children and Families (GSCF), a longitudinal survey of parents, teachers, children, principals, and village heads, we compare maternal perceptions of girls and boys in 2000 and 2004 and their childrenâ€™s educational attainment in 2009.Much of the literature in rural China suggests that traditional gender attitudes are static and reinforce traditional gender norms. Our findings suggest that maternal gender attitudes are not fixed and change over time. We find that maternal gender attitudes are not uniform and that there is a relationship between mothers who hold egalitarian gender attitudes and positive educational outcomes for girls.
The Path from the Village: The Education of Thai Ethnic Students in Vietnam
Authors: Lo Pang Van , Welch Neil
Published: December 2022

Abstract

This is a result of a pilot study undertaken to explore the key influences shaping the schooling and education of Thai ethnic students living in rural mountain villages in one of the poorest and least educated regions of Vietnam. This study used a qualitative multiple case study approach and gathered information using multiple semi-structured interviews with four senior secondary students, their parents and their teachers. Two of these students were males and two were female, and two were achieving high grades while the others were receiving low grades. During the interviews, information was collected on the influence of families, Thai culture and identity, the school, school policies, teaching practices, school resources, the physical environment, weather, and school relationships on student learning and well-being. In relation to school relationships information was collected on teacher-student, student-peer and school-parent relationships. This study took a socio-ecological approach.

In analysing the data collected, 15 key influences were identified that shaped the schooling and education of the four study participants. These influences were: economic vulnerability and hardship of families, special challenges for students travelling to and from school, commitment to after school duties on the family farm, the parents lack of education and schooling, problems relating to the national curriculum and how it is taught, lack of special support for students learning Vietnamese as a second language, use of a teacher-centred pedagogy rather than a student-centred one,  limited learning support when students had learning difficulties, the impact of grades and level of academic achievement on motivation and engagement, lack of recognition of Thai culture and identity, student perceptions of social difference, impact of teacher-student and student-peer relationships on student learning, students use of coping strategies, limited school facilities and teaching resources, and teachers who  have received limited training and professional development.
Giving Voice to First Nations Young People Disengaged from Education in the Northern Territory with a Specific Focus on Barriers to Education and their Aspirations for the Future
Authors: Walker Lyndal Jane
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses some of the findings of a phenomenological study completed in 2015, which focused on finding out the perceptions about secondary school from disengaged Indigenous youth from a community less than 20km from Darwin in the Northern Territory. The study was informed by aspects of the transformative paradigm and CRT as social transformation for this cohort was a driving motivation for the researcher and there was also a desire to challenge the 'norms' in the mainstream education system for these Indigenous young people.
Ten young people (five male and five female), aged between 15 and 25 who had varying lengths of time at secondary schools but were not engaged in the education system at the time, were interviewed. This paper focuses primarily on what they perceived as barriers that prevented them from engaging in education and their aspirations for the future.
Family and community life, relational issues at school, their own feelings, drugs and alcohol and exclusion were barriers to engagement. Their future aspirations included employment within their home community and wanting to re-engage with education but not knowing how to was an issue.
There are implications both at a school and policy level. Schools need to take heed of the cultural and family issues of Indigenous young people ensuring adequate training of staff and where possible, increasing Indigenous staff. Cross-cultural training and training to strengthen staffs' relationships with students is necessary, with specific efforts to engage communities and families. In addition, place-based alternatives for educational pathways need to be explored.
The Relationship Between Low Adult Literacy Levels and Aboriginal Family and Community Engagement in Educational Decision Making
Authors: Ratcliffe Ruth , Boughton Bob
Published: December 2022

This article draws on work with communities in the rural and remote towns of Brewarrina, Wilcannia and Enngonia, New South Wales (NSW) to explore the relationship between low adult literacy levels and the continuing alienation of Aboriginal communities from educational decision making.  Building on the analysis of community-school relations conducted by scholars such as Jay Phillips, Allan Luke and Kevin Lowe, we contend that it is exceedingly difficult to address the problems which prevent more productive relationships between communities and schools in widespread and sustainable ways, without also addressing the problem of low adult literacy.  Communities who have participated in the Yes, I Can! Aboriginal Adult Literacy Campaign help us to understand a number of important issues, including, the extent of disenfranchisement that is associated with inadequate adult literacy, the enormity of the challenges faced by previously low-literate and disengaged people to re-engage in community life, the additional pressures placed on literate members of the community when many people have minimal literacy, and the relationship between low rates of adult literacy and the persistence of deficit thinking on the part of schools.
Editorial: Researching the Intersections of Rurality and First Nations Education
Authors: Guenther John
Published: December 2022

Why the need for a special edition on First Nations ruraleducation? Surprisingly,there is almost no literature within Australia that discusses the significance of ruralityin First Nations education.Many research articles describe the significance of remotenessin First Nations education. Much of the extant research is built on a premise that remoteness goes hand in hand with disadvantage and outcomes often described as 'poor' and 'failing'. The lack of literature on First Nations 'rural' education coupled with the deficit language discourse surrounding First Nations 'remote' education triggered a global investigation into the topic.
The Role of User Demographics, Self-Efficacy and Interpersonal Competence on Communication Style Preferences of Rural University Students
Authors: Park Jessie , Caltabiano Nerina J. , Hajhashemi Karim
Published: December 2022

Despite the amount of information known about how people engage in offline social interactions, there is limited knowledge regarding how such interactions express themselves in the online environment. For social interactions to be consistently harmonious, a level of interpersonal competence and self-efficacy are required. The study aims to determine the relationships andthe predictive capacity of user demographics, self-efficacy and interpersonal competence for online communication preferences using an online survey methodology.  The sample consisted of 65 males and 158 females attending a rural Australian university whose ages ranged from 17 to 59 years (M=25.06, SD=10.14). Online communication preferences were operationalized as communication style preferences (synchronous versus asynchronous), context disclosure preferences (one-to-one/one-to-many), and platform preferences (social media involving family and friends versus emails involving colleagues). Age and interpersonal competence were significant predictors for communication style preferences in terms of the timing in conversations and platform preferences. None of the demographics, self-efficacy or the interpersonal competence were found to predict context disclosure preferences. The findings extend knowledge in the field of online social  interaction research.
Engagement, Empowerment and Equity (3Es) in Rural Education
Authors: Ledger Susan
Published: December 2022

Welcome to the second issue of AIJRE for 2019. The diverse papers from Australia, USA and Africa represent the collaborative endeavours of 20 researchers and practitioners interested in people living, teaching and learning in diverse rural, regional and remote (RRR) contexts around the globe. This growing interest in educational research in RRR locations and communities is significant for the progression and strength of research in the field. The editorial team would like to thank those authors who have contributed to this current issue and the growing number of researchers submitting papers for future issues. It celebrates and recognises the diversity of papers and research fields and highlights the great contribution they will make in providing further insight and knowledge about the productivity, potentialities and participation of RRR peoples and place.  The six papers presented in this AIJRE 2019 Issue 2 are inextricably linked and connected through key concepts of engagement, empowerment and equity (3Es). These concepts act as touch points for this series of papers and promote agency for those living, teaching and learning in RRR contexts.
professional standing of the replacement teacher in the education community: a country region's perspective
Authors: Gill Barry , Hand Brian
Published: December 2022

As Australian schools move towards the twenty-frrst century more attention is being drawn to the professionalism of teachers. This has led to the recent publication of two NBEET reports, Teacher Education in Australia (September 1990) and Australia's Teachers: A Blueprint for the 90's (January 1991). These reports recognise the need for a reconceptualisation and urgent action in regards to the initial training and continuing education of Australia's teachers. Each goes into considerable detail about the need, scope and format of programs of professional development, and each highlights the importance of Employer/Higher Education Institution co-operation in such programs.

The La Trobe University College of Northern Victoria and the Bendigo Regional Office of the Victorian Ministry of Education are in the process of developing this co-operation, especially in the post initial teacher education area. Through the Research Centre for Teacher Development at the La Trobe University College of Northern Victoria, a project is underway to develop this process in close consultation with, and the full co-operation of the Loddon Campaspe Mallee Regional Office. This paper reports on the initial outcome.

Fifty-eight Primary Replacement Teachers (RTs) responded to a questionnaire regarding their employment status, professional qualifications, days worked in 1989 and 1990, and their in-service involvement and in-service needs. The investigation was undertaken in order to provide local Ministry and University College personnel with information to assist in planning future in-service needs for this particular group of teachers.

In Victoria during 1990 the Ministry employed 40,000 teachers in primary, secondary and special schools. There is constantly a pool of 10,000 teachers on leave without pay from the Ministry. During the 1989-90 financial year 14,000 teachers were employed as Replacement Teachers in primary and secondary schools. Some of these Replacement Teachers came from the pool of teachers on leave without pay, but there is still a large group of teachers whose only source of employment is RT work.
Pengaruh Sikap dan Kemahiran Keusahawanan terhadap Keinginan Keusahawanan dalam kalangan Pelajar Universiti Awam
Authors: Chandra Rao Nishanti Hari , Radin A. Rahman Radin Siti Aishah
Published: December 2022

Keinginan keusahawanan sering dipengaruhi oleh sikap dan kemahiran keusahawanan kerana ia memberi kesan secara langsung. Keinginan ini juga didorong oleh peningkatan kadar pengangguran dan kesan pandemik Covid-19 terhadap peluang kebergantungan pelerjaan dengan majikan menjadi terhad. Kesan ini telah mendorong keinginan graduan Universiti Awam untuk memulakan kerjaya sendiri. Bagi merapatkan jurang pengangguran dan kesan ekonomi semasa, wujud keperluan bagi mencari penjelasan faktor-faktor yang mendorong kepada keinginan keusahawanan pelajar sebelum mereka bergraduat. Penetapan faktor-faktor ini ditentukan oleh teori Pemilihan Kerjaya Holland. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh sikap dan kemahiran keusahawanan terhadap keinginan keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar Universiti Awam (UA). Seterusnya, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk i) mengenal pasti tahap sikap, kemahiran keusahawanan dan keinginan keusahawanan pelajar UA; ii) mengenal pasti  pengaruh sikap dan kemahiran keusahawanan terhadap keinginan keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar UA. Kajian tinjauan ini melibatkan seramai 380 orang pelajar menggunakan persampelan rawak mudah. Manakala instrumen kajian melibatkan penggunaan borang soal selidik. Instrumen kajian ini telah melalui proses kesahan kandungan dan hasil ujian rintis menunjukkan nilai alpha Cronbach yang diperolehi antara 0.74 hingga 0.92. Data dianalisis menggunakan Pakej Statistik untuk Sains Sosial (SPSS) versi 26 dalam bentuk skor min, sisihan piawai dan regresi berganda. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keinginan keusahawanan, sikap dan kemahiran keusahawanan menunjukkan tahap sederhana tinggi. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahawa sikap dan kemahiran keusahawanan menyumbang secara signifikan  terhadap keinginan keusahawanan peratus (p>0.05, R2 =0.65). Implikasi kajian ini menyumbang kepada pengukuhan teori Pemilihan Kerjaya Holland (1973) dan perancangan program keusahawanan yang sesuai dengan keperluan pelajar universiti.
(Main)streaming English Dubs
Authors: Hayes Lydia , Bolaños-García-Escribano Alejandro
Published: December 2022

With ‘original’ content from a growing diversity of languages, Netflix has become a playground for audiovisual translation. Given that Netflix outsources its localisation, it has been able to rely on practitioners in consolidated industries to create revoiced and subtitled versions that adhere to industry conventions. Although subtitling has long been the consolidated mode for localising mainstream audiovisual products (films and series) into English, Netflix has initiated new trends in an Anglophone dubbing industry traditionally reserved for niche products, by bringing the dubbing of foreign-language mainstream products into the distribution mainstream. The illusory novelty of English dubs, debuted at the turn of 2017 on Netflix, has facilitated experimentation in dubbing strategies. In the burgeoning English-dubbing industries, located mainly in Los Angeles and London, standardisation, domestication and foreignisation strategies are being used (Hayes 2021; 2022). In order to elucidate emerging norms in English-dubbing strategies, in this article we present a corpus of Netflix’s English dubs of 82 Castilian-Spanish films and TV series and analyse the main dubbing strategies adopted by the studios involved.
Lay summary
Netflix has original series and films in many languages and the need to translate these into other languages has led to Netflix experimenting with different ways of translating content, such as by creating subtitles or dubbed versions (replacing the original dialogues with voices speaking another language). For importing “foreign” content (e.g. Spanish productions) into the English language, subtitling has traditionally been the mode of translation used for films and series, but dubbing has also been used for products such as cartoons and videogames. As Netflix outsources translation, they have been able to rely on professionals in well-established translation industries; however, in the case of translating into English, dubbing live-action has generally presented a new challenge for English-language translation professionals. Furthermore, most viewers of English dubs were previously unfamiliar with dubbing. Therefore, experimentation in English-dubbing strategies has been possible. Netflix’s English dubs utilise different accents (e.g. standard, regional or foreign) depending on different variables, such as the country where the dubbed version was created or the dubbing director. In this article, we have analysed 82 Spanish films and series on Netflix and their English dubs, in order to determine the presence different accent strategies and developing trends. The films and series studied were released on Netflix between 2017 and 2021 and were available on the platform in Ireland and UK throughout 2021. We ultimately draw conclusions that reveal our observations on current practices in English-language dubbing.
Accessible Cinema for Older Adults
Authors: Szkriba Sonia
Published: December 2022

Age-related sensory and cognitive decline of older adults is typically not taken into consideration while designing accessible audiovisual services. As most studies on audiovisual translation (AVT) and media accessibility have focused on young or adult audiences, we know little about specific preferences and needs of older adults regarding AVT. In 2015, 82% of Polish older adults declared that they never or almost never go to the cinema, which for the vast majority of foreign films offers subtitling. A study carried out as part of the AudioMovie project in Poland suggested that older adults may have problems with reading subtitles and that they are willing to use an accessibility application to watch films with audio subtitles (AST) in the cinemas. However, we still do not know if they are able to deal with the technology once they actually start using it. This focus group study investigated whether older adults experience problems with reading subtitles and whether they be willing to use a smartphone application in the cinema. The results show that older adults may have  problems with following subtitles, especially when watching fast-paced films, and, although they are not always proficient smartphone users, the overall reception of the app was positive.
Lay summary
In Poland, the translation of foreign films in cinemas is usually provided through subtitling (dubbing is used only for family films). This mode of audiovisual translation might be particularly difficult to process for older viewers who usually experience vision loss, hearing loss and decline in cognitive functioning. While most academic studies have focused on young or adult audiences, little is known about the specific preferences and needs of older adults regarding the type of audiovisual translation. A survey carried out in Poland in 2018 has suggested that older adults may find it difficult to read subtitles and that they may be willing to use a smartphone application that would provide an oral translation (voice-over or dubbing) in cinemas. However, it is not yet known if this group of viewers is prepared to manage the functions of the technology (in this case, a smartphone) once they start using it. With that in mind, I conducted a group interview which investigated whether older adults experience problems with reading subtitles, and whether they would be willing to use a smartphone application in the cinema. The results show that older adults may have problems reading subtitles, especially when watching fast-paced films. The overall reception of the app was positive, though the participants were not always proficient smartphone users. The study also suggests that such applications could help elderly cinema-goers watch films in their preferred types of translation (such as dubbing or voice-over).
Accessibility as a Conversation
Authors: Romero Fresco Pablo , Dangerfield Kate
Published: December 2022

Film has a long-standing relationship with the notion of universality, which has often been used by Hollywood to perpetuate a dominant and unified worldview and to disseminate certain (Western) values that contribute to establishing what should and should not be considered normal, including the idea of the normative individual. Audiovisual translation and media accessibility could undermine the notion of universality in film; however, media accessibility has somehow reinstated this idea through reference to universal design and the use of the phrase “for all”. This can mask the exclusion of certain users who are not catered for by most mainstream accessibility guidelines.
The first aim of this article is to explore how the notion of universality has been used in media accessibility and how it is reflected in official guidelines and in current practice. The second aim is to introduce the work of an emerging wave of (mostly disabled) artists who are proposing an alternative approach to media accessibility, one that is openly subjective, increasingly creative and that often works as a political tool in a wider fight against discrimination and for real inclusion. These artists consider access as a conversation involving meaningful contributions by disabled and non-disabled people.
Lay summary
The first aim of our article is to explore how the notion of universality has been used in film and especially in media accessibility. We also look at how this idea is reflected in official guidelines and in current practice. We focus on the examples of universal design and the phrase "for all", which are prevalent in the field of media accessibility. This way of thinking typically masks the exclusion of certain users who are not catered for by most mainstream accessibility guidelines.
Media accessibility has the potential to challenge what is considered as "normal" and the second aim of our article is to introduce the work of an emerging wave of (mostly disabled) artists who are proposing an alternative approach to media accessibility. This approach is subjective, creative and often works as a political tool in a wider fight against discrimination and for real inclusion. These artists consider access as a conversation involving meaningful contributions by disabled and non-disabled people.
Erkurgan/Naxshab y el final de la protohistoria de Sogdia
Authors: Fuensanta Jesús , Muminov O
Published: December 2022

En nuestra anterior memoria preliminar de las actividades realizadas por el SURPAD en anos previos, centrabamos nuestros trabajos Erkurgan, la antigua Naxshab, cuya ocupacion es tecieron en el oasis de Tashkent (territorio de Chach) y que al contrario de Naxshab y la Sogdiana supusieron el ascenso urbano de la actual capital de Uzbekistan
Madaniy meros obyektlarining 3 d modelini yaratishning ahamiyati (Jizzax vohasi misolida)
Authors: Saidov J
Published: December 2022

Dunyodagi turli hududlar va mamlakatlarning integratsiyalashuvida o‘zaro iqtisodiy, siyosiy, ijtimoiy va madaniy aloqalar muhim ahamiyatga ega. Hozirda rivojlangan davlatlardagi yetakchi ilmiy markazlar turli mintaqalarning ichki va tashqi aloqalari tizimida karvon yo‘llari va u bilan bog‘liq infratuzilmalarning tarixi va o‘sha davrdagi qiyofasini tiklash borasidagi ishlarga jiddiy e'tibor qaratmoqdalar. Jumladan, Buyuk Ipak yo‘lining chorrahasida joylashgan Markaziy Osiyoning iqtisodiy-madaniy shakllanishi va rivojlanishi natijasida o‘ziga xos sivilizatsiyasining vujudga kelganligi va uning atrof mintaqalar bilan o‘zaro bog’liqligini o‘rganish xalqaro ahamiyatga ega tadqiqotlar sirasiga kiradi
Информационные технологии в сохранении культурного наследия
Authors: Хасанова М
Published: December 2022

Сохранения культурного наследия во все времена относится к наиболее актуальным и дискуссионным проблемам: что сохранять и как? Необходимо помнить, что не вся производимая в обществе информация социально необходима, и не все входит в активно используемую часть инфофонда. Некоторая информация может быть вообще не используется в человеческой практике. Но тот факт, что информация не используется здесь и сейчас не означает, что она не потребуется в будущем. Поэтому создание культурного фонда – задача наиважнейшая
Stem soxasidagi ayollarning ta’limdagi ishtiroki: xorij tajribasi va mamlakatimizdagi holat
Authors: Beknazarova S , G‘aniyeva S
Published: December 2022

Kompyuter va axborot texnologiyalarining jadal rivojlanishi zamonaviy moddiy dunyo, kundalik hayot va munosabatlarning qiyofasini o'zgartirmoqda. Vaqt yangi, zamonaviy innovatsiyalarga borgan sari sezgir bo'lib bormoqda. O'zgaruvchan texnologiyalar poygasida hamqadam bo'lish uchun texnologik tartib jamiyatning iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy rivojlanishi tendensiyalari va yangi texnologiyalarga doimiy o'tishda xavflarni kamaytiradigan barqaror rivojlanish tamoyillarini ishlab chiqish haqida aniq tushunchaga ega bo'lish kerak
Artificial intelligence systems
Authors: Abdullayeva O , Engalichev M
Published: December 2022

Today, artificial intelligence is becoming more and more popular in almost every aspect of our daily lives. Artificial intelligence is usually concerned withthe creation of computer systems with the capabilities of the human mind: understanding, learning, discussing, solving problems, translating, and so on. During the study of artificial intelligence, human-intelligent programming, technologies and tools for designing intelligent systems, databases, knowledge bases, database management systems, speech interfaces, computer linguistics, computer graphics, computer networks and web programming , information security in computer systems
The historical significance of the silk road
Authors: Chu Bei Bei
Published: December 2022

The Silk Road spanned the birthplaces of Egyptian, Babylonian, Indian and Chinese civilisations, and the settlements of people of different nationalities and colours. By seeking common ground while preserving differences, being open and tolerant, different civilisations painted together a magnificent chapter of human civilisation's prosperity. The ancient Silk Road has become a model of civilizational exchange, mutual appreciation and coexistence in human history, and is of great historical value
Глобаллашув жараёнида инсон капитали ва интеллектуал миграция
Authors: Azamatova G
Published: December 2022

Глобаллашув айни вактда инсониятнинг бутун дунё буйлаб харакатланиши билан биргаликда мамлакатлардаги миграция жараёнининг ошишига ёрдам бсрмокда. Дархакикат, хозирги тараккиёт даврида бирор давлат миграцион жараёнлардан четда колгани йук, сабаби ахоли миграцияси мамлакатларнинг иктисодий-ижтимоий ривожланишининг мухим омилига айланиб бормокда. Сунгги йилларда бутун дунёда олий маълумотли ва юкори малакали кадрларни камраб олаётган - интеллектуал миграция жараёни хам жадаллашиб бормокда. Энг билимли ва истикболли кадрларнинг миграцияси мамлакатда инсон капиталининг камайишига олиб келади, бу холат, албатта, мамлакатнинг тараккий этиш имкониятларига уз таъсирини утказади.Чунки миграция, одатда, мехнат фаолиятини инсон капиталининг бахоси юкори булган сохаларга кучиришга кумаклашади [1,273]. Х,озирги кунга кадар фанда интеллектуал миграция тушунчасини изох этадиган ягона ёндошувлар мавжуд эмас. Аммо, бу тушунча тор маънода илм ахдини, олимлар ва турли соха фан тадкикотчиларининг миграциясини ифода этиб, бу инновацион гояларнинг тараккий этишига ва глобаллашув жараёнларининг тезлашишига богликдир.
Ўзбек халқининг этник шаклланиши масаласига оид
Authors: Xomitov R
Published: December 2022

Маълумки, ўзбек халқи қадимдан дарёларнинг оралиғи ва ён-бағрида қўниб топиб, ўтроқ ва янги ерларни ўзлаштириб, халқ хўжалигининг барчасоҳаларидан унумли фойдаланган ҳолда, уни янада такомиллаштириб ҳаёт тарзини давом эттирганига олиб борилган тадқиқотлар гувоҳлик беради
Методы коррекции артериальной гипертонии у пациентов пожилого возраста
Authors: Буранова Дилфуза , Хасанова Холида , Акбарова Гулноза , Мухаммаджанова Мадина
Published: December 2022

Обнаружено, что артериальная гипертензия является одной из основных причин развития сложных осложнений как, инфаркт миокард, инсульт, сердечной недостаточности, приходящих к инвалидности и смертности. Установлено, что это часто встречается у лиц пожилого возраста, у которых   наблюдаются различные сопутствующие заболевания и высокая подверженность к различным рода факторам риска. Выявлено, у пожилых людей с артериальной гипертензией идут сочетания с патологиями и метаболическими нарушениями. В данной статье мы оценили влияния комбинаций фармакологических препаратов, которые отличались друг от друга фармакодинамическими и фармакокинетическими параметрами. Были рассмотрены методы коррекции артериальной гипертонии у лиц пожилого возраста с максимальным антигипертензивным эффектом при применении комбинаций фармакологических препаратов нового поколения с учётом  сопутствующих заболеваний и  метаболического  синдрома, которые  наблюдаются у  лиц пожилого возраста
Этиопатогенетические факторы развития заболеваний пародонта у женщин в периоде постменопаузы
Authors: Назарова Нодира , Исломова Нилуфар
Published: December 2022

Постменопаузальный период жизни женщин характеризуется нарушением метаболизма в различных тканях, в том числе зубочелюстной системе, в виде потери зубов, поражения пародонта, повышенной резорбции альвеолярных и челюстных костей (Хохлова Е. Ю., Воложин А. И., Марков Б. П. и др., 2015). Высокая распространенность стоматологических заболеваний у женщин в постменопаузальный период и возникающие трудности в их лечении и профилактике во многом обусловлены недостаточной изученностью патогенеза. В последние годы большое количество работ посвящено изучению характера взаимосвязи системного остеопороза и генерализованного пародонтита, однако, имеющиеся сведения противоречивы и требуют дополнительных исследований
The association between high hemoglobin levels and pregnancy complications, gestational diabetes and hypertension
Authors: Bektemirova Zukhra
Published: December 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are the principal causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. The maternal morbidity and mortality burden for women is relatively high, suggesting a substandard quality of care. Therefore, an early diagnosis of GDM and gestational hypertension (GH) can improve prenatal care for pregnant women and improve pregnancy outcomes. Previous studies demonstrated that elevated Hb levels in the first trimester indicate possible pregnancy complications and should not only be considered as good iron status. However, ethnic differences could play a role in determining the magnitude of the association. We hypothesized that high Hb levels (≥12.5 g/dl) in the first trimester (6-13 gestational weeks, GW) are associated with an increased risk of fasting blood sugar (FBS) ≥126 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg among pregnant women visiting prenatal clinics.
Клинико-лабораторные проявления криптококкового менингоэнцефалита у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией
Authors: Касимова Раъно , Марданова Хилола
Published: December 2022

Изучение клинико-лабораторных проявлений криптококкового менингоэнцефалита у 16 больных ВИЧ-инфекцией. Женщины составили 18,8% (3), мужчины – 81,2% (13). Состояние больных расценивалось как тяжелое и крайне-тяжелое у 12 (75%) больных. Тяжесть состояния была обусловлена выраженной интоксикацией и общемозговой симптоматикой, судороги наблюдались у 6 (37,5%) больных, у 7 (43,7%) – нарушения функции тазовых органов. Несмотря на проводимую терапию у 12 (75%) больных заболевание закончилось летальным исходом в течение 1 месяца.
Оценка эффективности оказания медицинской помощи пациентам с сочетанной травмой по данным 7ГКБ г.Алматы
Authors: Рахметов Нурлан , Насырова Наргиз , Исмаилова Адалят , Реймбаева Айнур , Меркасимова Меруерт , Асимова Алинур , Молдагалиева Меруерт , Мухтаров Исламбек , Нуржанов Асылжан
Published: December 2022

Одной из ведущих причин смертности и инвалидности во всем мире является травма. В настоящее время наблюдается изменение этиологии травматизма и рост случаев сочетанный травмы в связи и увеличение случаев ДТП, техногенных катастроф и производственного травматизма. Большая часть инвалидности во всем мире приходится на постравматические осложнения.
THE QUANTIFICATION OF SOME BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN THE FRUITS OF FOUR BLACKBERRY (Rubus fruticosus L.) CULTIVARS, PROPAGATED BY TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: ROŞCA Ion , GLIJIN Aliona , CIORCHINĂ Nina , TABĂRA Maria , CUTCOVSCHI-MUȘTUC Alina , RALEA Tudor , ZDIORUC Nina , MÎRZA Alexandru
Published: December 2022

The goal of the research was the quantitative determination of biochemical compounds (ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, tannins and titratable acidity) in Rubus fruticosus L. fruits – blackberries ('Melana', 'Triple Crown', 'Arapaho' and 'Thornfree'), propagated by tissue culture and cultivated under the ecological conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid revealed that the highest content of this phytocompound was quantified in the 'Arapaho' blackberries, 48.28 mg/100 g, followed by the 'Thornfree' cultivar (41.69 mg/100 g), which is an amount about twice as high as in the 'Melana' blackberries (23.8 mg/100 g). The high amount of vitamin C in the researched blackberries makes them comparable to raspberries and gooseberries. The content of reducing sugars varied between 4.72% and 7.26%. The 'Triple Crown' cultivar was characterized by the maximum amounts of these biochemical compounds, and the lowest amounts were found in the fruits of the 'Thornfree' blackberry cultivar. The evaluation of the titratable acidity showed that the highest index of this parameter was recorded in the 'Melana' blackberries (0.74% / 0.77% as compared with malic / citric acid. The quantification of the tannins revealed that the fruits of the 'Triple Crown' cultivar have the lowest tannin content (1.97%), the amount being more than twice lower than the maximum amount (4.16%), recorded in the blackberries of the 'Thornfree' cultivar. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the fruits of Rubus fruticosus L., obtained from plants which had been micropropagated in the Embryology and Biotechnology Laboratory (NBGI) and grown under the conditions of the Republic of Moldova are a good source of biologically active substances and can be proposed for commercial production as a promising organic food product.
PODARIUM (PODARIA) – A CONTROVERSIAL BOTANICAL TERM
Authors: IFRIM Camelia , FESZT György
Published: December 2022

Succulent plants and especially cacti require specific botanical terms for their morphological description. Podarium is one such term, used mostly to designate the spine-bearing formations in cacti and thorny succulent euphorbias. The analysis of specialized literature reveals its use by various authors with different meanings. The term is present in dictionaries or specialised glossaries only in the last 30 years, and the
definitions are quite varied. The synonymous terms used over time in different languages show that there is no unity regarding the definition of the term, but also regarding the way in which the formation it defines is understood.
CELL DEATH AND ANTI-CELL DEATH IN TWO WHEAT CULTIVARS AND THE IMPLICATION OF THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN DISEASE RESPONSE
Authors: GAO Yan , ALBARAKY Ashwaq Omar , XING Tim
Published: December 2022

Cell death occurs under various developmental and stress conditions. Its involvement in plant response to pathogen attacks has been well studied in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In our present work, Fumonisin B1, a toxin from Fusarium verticillioides, a major fungal pathogen of cereals, was used as a biotic stressor to trigger responses in two wheat cultivars. Fumonisin B1 induced cell death in both Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistant and FHB susceptible cultivars (Frontana and Roblin, respectively). The treatment also triggered DNA smearing in both. However, the expression of two DNA repairing genes was enhanced in Frontana but not in Roblin. Our results have suggested potential regulatory differences in the response to FB1 toxin in FHB resistant and FHB susceptible cultivars.
The Mathews as Patrons
Authors: Bentley, Jr. G. E.
Published: December 2022

Harriet Mathew and her husband, the Reverend Anthony Stephen Mathew, are well known as patrons of William Blake and John Flaxman. As J. T. Smith wrote, about 1784 the house of “Mrs. Mathew, … No. 27, in Rathbone-place, was then frequented by most of the literary and talented people of the day,” and Flaxman’s sister-in-law Maria Denman wrote that A. S. Mathew’s wife “was the intimate associate of Mrs. Montague, Mrs. Barbauld, Mrs. Chapone, Mrs. Brooke, &c.” However, a search over fifty years revealed no clear reference to A. S. Mathew or to his wife in the records of Anna Letitia Barbauld, James Boswell, Fanny Burney, Mrs. Chapone, Benjamin Robert Haydon, Angelica Kauffman, Mrs. Montagu, George Romney, Hester Thrale, or Horace Walpole, many of them notorious gossips.
The Blake Memorial Window
Authors: Crosby Mark
Published: December 2022

In 2011 a stained-glass window commemorating Blake’s three-year residence on the Sussex coast was consecrated in the parish church of St. Mary’s, Felpham. A Norman building dating to c. 1100, St. Mary’s is a short walk from the thatched cottage that Blake and Catherine occupied between 1800 and 1803. The Blake memorial window was commissioned by St. Mary’s parish council in 2007 and was funded by the generous contributions of Felpham parishioners and Blake enthusiasts and by donations raised through local charitable events celebrating the 250th anniversary of Blake’s birth. The window was designed by the artist Meg Lawrence, whose work also includes painting with an egg-based tempera medium on wood panels, a medium similar to the one that Blake used, with animal glue and gum Arabic as the binding agents instead of egg, for some of his 1799 illustrations of the Bible.
UM SISTEMA DE VOTO ELETRÔNICO UTILIZANDO BLOCKCHAIN
Authors: Fiori Spagnol Lucas , Farina Renata Mirella
Published: December 2022

Os métodos utilizados no processo eleitoral em muitos países continuam sendo feitos pessoalmente, com os votos escritos em papel. Tal modelo traz problemas operacionais significativos e altos custos operacionais devido às exigências de eleições seguras, que devem proporcionar privacidade, transparência, pesquisa e confiança. Ao usar a criptografia para criptografar os dados transmitidos pela comunicação em rede, a comunicação entre os nós da rede se torna mais segura, evitando que os dados sejam lidos, modificados ou qualquer informação incorreta acesse outros nós. A votação eletrônica está próxima de uma votação distante, onde objetos portáteis que estão sempre conectados à Internet podem ser um mecanismo de votação em qualquer lugar e a qualquer hora. Portanto, Blockchains é uma tecnologia usada como um site distribuído. Essa tecnologia é conhecida por sua popularidade da criptomoeda Bitcoin, pois essa criptomoeda opera a partir do uso do Blockchain como principal meio de armazenamento e gerenciamento de transações. O motivo pelo qual essa tecnologia vem sendo utilizada como banco de dados por muitas criptomoedas é que devido à sua implementação, os Blockchains possuem um recurso estático, e com ele é possível garantir a integridade do banco de dados. Essas propriedades foram exploradas de várias maneiras além dos gastos normais. Diversas criptomoedas como o Bitcoin foram então desenvolvidas para aplicações com requisitos relacionados à pesquisa e segurança de banco de dados.
The Determinants of Box Office Performance in Turkey
Authors: AL Eyüp , TAN Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2022

The film industry has great importance for both global and local economies. In the process, movie studios and producers try to predict box office success due to financial risk management. It is necessary to increase knowledge about the factors affecting the box office of a movie and the relationship between factors. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of box office revenue in the movie industry in Turkey. The study sample consists of 1,178 movies released and the time spans between 2015 and 2019. Based on the findings, an increasing number of theaters and weeks, sequels and school breaks have a positive and significant effect on total revenues. In addition, if movies are released in November, December, January, and February, they show good financial performance. The results also indicate audiences prefer science-fiction, fantasy, and biography movies. Finally, the movies in the market distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures (WB) and United International Pictures (UIP) have a positive and significant effect on total revenues.