bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of B‐ and T‐Lymphocytes in Lymphoid Tissue by Means of Photometry and 51Cr Labelled Marker Erythrocytes
Authors: JØNSSON VIGGO , CHRISTENSEN BJARNE EGELUND , KOFOD BENT
Published: August 2010

Some new techniques for estimating B‐ and T‐lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue are introduced: The density of marker erythrocytes on closed chamber incubated sections was estimated by the light transmission in relation to the number of the respective lymphocyte subpopulation, measured on suspensions of eluted lymphocytes. Using 51Cr labelled marker erythrocytes, the number of adsorbed marker erythrocytes per lymphocyte could be estimated from the γ‐irradiation of the section. The number of lymphocytes in the section was determined by the amount of protein in the section compared with the protein amount of a tissue specimen of known wet weight and known lymphocyte content. Furthermore, the number of adsorbed marker erythrocytes per rosette in suspensions of eluted lymphocytes was estimated by means of radioactively labelled marker erythrocytes.
Autophagia in Myeloid Precursors
Authors: OBERLING FR. , LANG J. M. , JUIF J. G. , LUCKEL J. C.
Published: August 2010

Neutropenia is an almost constant feature of Chediak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS). There is evidence for a central mechanism of neutropenia. Ultrastructural studies of the bone marrow from a child with CHS showed marked autophagia phenomena within myeloid precursor cells and mature neutrophils. Autophagic vacuoles were randomly distributed in the cytoplasm of the cells from the granulocytic series and some of them contained giant granules which thus appeared particularly resistant to the autophagic process. The vital cellular damage through endophagocytosis suggests the possibility of intramedullary destruction as an explanation for neutropenia.
Unclassified Haemolytic Anaemia with Splenomegaly and Erythrocyte Cation Abnormalities – A Disease of the Spleen?
Authors: BERNARD JEAN FRANÇOIS , BOURNIER ODILE , RENOUX MICHEL , CHARRON DOMINIQUE , BOIVIN PIERRE
Published: August 2010

An unclassified case of haemolytic anaemia with voluminous splenomegaly is reported. This anaemia was normocytic without any specific morphologic aspect of red blood cells (RBC); Coombs test was negative; the osmotic fragility was normal; the increased autohaemolysis was not affected by the presence of glucose; Hb studies were normal; no RBC enzyme deficiency was found; RBC lipids and membrane proteins were normal; there was a marked reduction in RBC survival with exclusive splenic uptake of erythrocytes.

Before splenectomy, RBC cations and water content were abnormal: 1) the RBC water was decreased moderately; 2) the RBC sodium was about twice the normal mean with an increased 22Na turn‐over; 3) the RBC potassium was markedly reduced and 42K influx was twice the normal mean; 4) the RBC calcium content was increased.

Splenectomy was followed by rapid disappearance of haemolysis and RBC water and cation disturbances. Because of this extremely rapid disappearance after splenectomy the authors suggest this case of haemolytic anaemia could be a primary disease of the spleen.
Chromosome Banding Studies in Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Lawler Sylvia D. , O'Malley Frances , Lobb D. S.
Published: August 2010

A cytogenetic study of Ph1 positive myeloid leukaemia in both chronic and acute phases had been made by a chromosome banding technique. The translocation {t(9;22) (q34;q11)}, designated t(Ph1) was present in the myeloid cells of 43 of 44 patients; the exceptional case had normal number 9 chromosomes and a different translocation {t(19;22) (q13;q11)}. A translocation additional to that involving the Ph1 was found as a stable abnormality present in all myeloid cells in 4 patients, chromosome 17 being involved in 2. The association of isochromosome number 17 with blast crisis was confirmed. New data were obtained concerning the significance of duplicated or dicentric Ph1 chromosomes and their relationship with the 9q + anomaly. Monoclonal origin of Ph1 was confirmed in cases with polymorphic number 22 or 9 chromosomes.
Heparin Elimination in Uraemic Patients on Haemo‐Dialysis
Authors: Teien Arne N. , Bjørnson Jan
Published: August 2010

Heparin (100 U/kg bodyweight) was administered as single i.v. injections, and heparin concentration in plasma determined by polybrene titration. Mean concentration half‐life was 74.7 min in the normal group (n = 6), 118.6 min in the nephrectomized patients (n = 5), and 97.8 min in the other uraemic patients (n = 6). The differences between the mean values for the normals and for the 2 patient groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p ˜ 0.2 respectively).

Mean anticoagulant half‐life (based on thrombin clotting time) was 64.3, 75.8 and 62.7 min in the 3 groups. The differences between heparin concentration half‐life and anticoagulant half‐life in the 3 groups were statistically significant. These differences may be partly explained by a significant fall in heparin cofactor activity after injection of heparin.

There was a strong positive individual correlation between heparin concentration half‐life and anticoagulant half‐life in the patients (r = 0.94), but not in the normal group (r = 0.31). There was a strong negative individual correlation between heparin tolerance and heparin concentration half‐life in the patients (r = ‐0.84), but no correlation in the normal group. It is concluded that severely impaired renal function has a significant, but moderate influence on heparin elimination.
Restoration of Defective Cellular Immunity by Levamisole in a Patient with Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Ellegaard Jørgen , Boesen Anne Marie
Published: August 2010

A 71‐year‐old woman presented with acutely developed symptoms of generalized lymphadenopathy, intermittent maculo‐papular skin rash, pruritus, weight loss, hepato‐splenomegaly, pleural exsudate and alternating breast swellings. The histo‐pathological picture of biopsies from a lymph node and from the skin was diagnostic for immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and the serum concentrations of IgG and IgA were increased. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to various antigens were totally extinguished and the number of T‐lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was consistently very low. The number of both T‐ and B‐lymphocytes further decreased during cytostatic treatment and the patient contracted numerous infections. During intermittent treatment with Levamisole the infectious episodes ceased, the cellular immune response was reestablished and the pathological hyperimmuneglobulinaemia suppressed. It is suggested that the primary immunological defect in this disease could be a failing cellular immunity, and that the hyperplasia and hyper‐reactivity of the B‐cell system are a secondary phenomenon.
The Oxalate‐Induced Radial Segmentation of the Nuclei in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Different Size
Authors: Söderström Ulla‐Britt , Norberg Bo , Brandt Lars
Published: August 2010

The incidence of oxalate‐induced radial‐segmented (RS) nuclei in lymphocytes from peripheral blood correlated closely with the diameter of the cell and with the diameter of the nucleus; the majority of RS nuclei were found in large lymphocytes. This observation supports the basic hypotheses, that large lymphocytes from peripheral blood represent a later stage in the cell cycle than small lymphocytes, that the tubulin content of lymphocytes increases during the interphase and that the incidence of RS nuclei reflects the tubulin content of the cells within the various size classes.
ADP‐Induced Refractory State of Platelets in Vitro II. Functional and Ultra Studies on Gel Filtered Platelets
Authors: Holme Stein , Sixma Jan J. , Wester Jaap , Holmsen Holm
Published: August 2010

Gelfiltered platelets (GFP) in calcium free Tyrode solution containing albumin, glucose and adenosine deaminase were preincubated with 1 μM 14C‐ADP or 0.15 M NaCl (control) at 37°C. The breakdown of extracellular 14C‐ADP was markedly inhibited in this medium. No aggregation took place without fibrinogen, but the platelets underwent a disc to sphere transformation with development of refactoriness towards ADP. Presence of 2 mM CaCl2 in the incubation medium did not prevent refractoriness as reported earlier with washed rabbit platelets. When the ADP degrading enzyme, apyrase, was added at 30 min of incubation a partial recovery of the aggregability was observed. Electron microscopic studies showed that the partial restoration of the aggregation response, due to ADP degradation by apyrase, was accompanied by a return of discoidal morphology of the platelets. The ultrastructural studies showed further that spherical form with large number of pseudopods is not by itself a necessary or sufficient indication of platelets in a refractory state. However, the results indicated that spherical platelets are more vulnerable to external factors. It was concluded that refractoriness was mainly caused by a direct effect on the platelets by ADP itself, but the studies also suggested that deteriorating, irreversible, intracellular changes may take place when platelets are in spherical shape. An artificial medium, mechanical stress, incubation at 37°C are factors that probably speed up these changes.
Inverse Relationship between Splenomegaly and Stem Cell Compartment Size in Mice Treated with Nitrogen Mustard
Authors: Jensen R. H. , Sharp J. G. , Zajic G. H. , Anderson R. W.
Published: August 2010

Following the administration of similar doses of nitrogen mustard (4 mg/kg) to different strains of mice, wide variations in the subsequent degree of splenomegaly were observed, implying strain differences in the role of the spleen in the compensatory erythropoietic response to haematopoietic stress. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether or not these differences were related to the size of the haematopoietic stem cell compartment size in the various strains of mice. Groups of 4 different strains of mice (Swiss Webster, A/J, C57BL/6J and CS1/ASH) were injected i.v. with nitrogen mustard (4 mg/kg body weight) and autopsied at regular intervals up to 20 d post‐injection. At autopsy, the wet weight of the spleen was determined. Subsequently, groups of the same 4 strains of mice were exposed to single doses of wholebody γ‐irradiation in the range of 500–900 rads. 9 d after γ‐irradiation the mice were autopsied, their spleens removed, and the number of endogenous spleen colonies determined. The greatest degree of splenomegaly was observed in the C57bl/6J mice. The Swiss Webster mice showed no splenomegaly during the time period studied. There existed a linear inverse relationship between the maximum degree of splenomegaly observed and the dose of wholebody γ‐irradiation required to completely eliminate endogenous spleen colonies. This data is in accord with the hypothesis that there exists an inverse relationship between the extent of splenomegaly observed following haematopoietic stress and the haematopoietic stem cell compartment size.
Distribution of 59Fe‐labelled Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex in Normal and Anaemic Rats
Authors: LAKE‐BAKAAR DESMOND M. , LINDVALL SVEN
Published: August 2010

An iron carbohydrate complex, iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid), Ferastral®, was labelled with 59Fe, and its distribution in rats was studied. The animals were intramuscularly treated with a dose of 10 mg of iron/kg. Three groups of animals were used: group A: non‐anaemic and group B: anaemic rats, both kept on iron‐deficient diet, and group C: non‐anaemic rats kept on iron‐supplemented diet. Urinary and faecal excretion, distribution in the body and incorporation in blood of the 59Fe was followed up to 28 days. The total excretion after that time was 15%. There was a rapid initial phase followed by a slower continuous one. After 28 days group A had 25, group B 13 and group C 40% of the given dose remaining at the site of injection. The corresponding values in liver after 28 days were 7, 4 and 17% of the given dose, respectively.

In blood a continuous increase was observed. At 28 days after administration 26, 43 and 17% of the given dose had been incorporated in the red blood corpuscles of the respective groups. These results show that the iron complex is absorbed from the site of injection and is utilized for haemoglobin synthesis. They also show that the disposition of the complex is influenced by the iron content of the diet.
Kinetic Studies on an Intramuscular Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex
Authors: SUNDIN TAGE
Published: August 2010

Levels of iron and unsaturated iron binding capacity in serum and the renal excretion of iron were studied in 15 anaemic patients receiving Ferastral®. Various dose schedules were used, 100 mg Fe daily for 10 days, 200 mg Fe daily for 5 days, and 500 mg Fe twice at various intervals from 2 to 7 days.

A continuous increase of iron in serum was seen after the doses 100 mg and 200 mg daily as well as after 500 mg given at intervals of 2 and 3 days. Longer 500 mg dose intervals resulted in a fluctuation in the iron concentration. Peak levels varied between 740 and 5 260 μg/100 ml (132 and 942 μmol/l). A transient decrease in the UIBC was seen. Urinary excretion of iron varied between 8.9 and 26.9 per cent of the dose given. No local or general side effects occurred.
Haemoglobin Synthesis following Injection of Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, Ferastral®
Authors: Norrby Anders , Sölvell Lennart
Published: August 2010

Ferastral®, a new iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex for parenteral use has been given to 22 patients with iron deficiency anaemia. The patients were divided in two groups. Group I received a suboptimal dose of Ferastral iron corresponding to 90% of the iron calculated to normalize the haemoglobin value. Increases in total haemoglobin and also blood losses were measured. The availability of the injected iron for haemoglobin synthesis ranged from 63% to 111%. Group II received an amount of Ferastral‐iron calculated to be necessary for normalization of the haemoglobin plus an additional 500 mg of Ferastral‐iron. In this group the haemoglobin increase was rapid. In 7 weeks 10 out of 14 patients had reached a normal haemoglobin level.
Diagnosis of Intravascular Haemolysis Using Starch Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Ali M. A. M. , Vanderlinden Brenda
Published: August 2010

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to screen for intravascular haemolysis in 15 patients with clinical disorders known to be characterized by intravascular haemolysis. Decreased serum haptoglobins, increased free plasma haemoglobin and the presence of methaemalbumin was documented in all 15 patients. It is suggested that starch gel electrophoresis and staining with haem specific stain is a simple and reliable method for confirming intravascular haemolysis.
An Inhibitor of Activated Factor XIII, Inhibiting Fibrin Cross‐Linking but not Incorporation of Amine into Casein
Authors: Godal H. C. , Ly B.
Published: August 2010

An inhibitor of fibrin cross‐linking was studied. The inhibitor was quantitatively separated together with the IgG fraction of plasma, but attempts to neutralize the purified inhibitor by commercial anti‐IgG sera gave inconstant results, possibly due to anti‐factor XIII activity demonstrable in these sera. The inhibitor prevented cross‐linking by activated factor XIII, even when tested on preformed fibrin, but was inactive when assayed by the use of a synthetic substrate (monodansylcadaverine). Since, the inhibitor remained in the supernatant after defibrination, and was thus not associated with the clottable proteins, the present findings suggest inhibition of activated f. XIII and not blockade of cross‐linking sites on fibrinogen.
Jaundice and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Antibody in Greek Haemophiliacs
Authors: Yannitsiotis A. , Bossinakou I. , Louizou C. , Mandalaki T.
Published: August 2010

The incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (HBsAb) in 101 Greek multitransfused haemophiliacs with or without a previous history of jaundice was studied. Using the haemagglutination inhibition assay, HBsAg was detected in 9.9 %, HBsAb in 61.3 % and HBsAg plus Ab in 11.8 % of the cases. The incidence of jaundice was 14.8 %. Liver function was tested by means of Normotest, SGOT, SGPT and serum protein electrophoresis. Abnormal values of liver function tests were found in 47 % of the patients. The abnormal findings were related to the presence of HBsAg or Ab and to the history of jaundice. There was no significant difference between the various groups of patients.
Alteration of primary hemostasis in hemophiliacs after treatment with lyophilized antihemophilic globulin
Authors: Sutor A. H. , Jesdinsky‐Buscher C. , Kunzer W.
Published: August 2010

Seven patients with classic hemophilia A had alteration of primary hemostasis after treatment with lyophilized antihemophilic globulin (LAHG). The following test results, which were normal before treatment, became abnormal after treatment: bleeding time, bleeding intensity, and platelet adhesiveness. In two patients, the fibrin‐fibrinogen‐degradation products increased to more than 40 μg/ml. In three patients, the bleeding symptoms became worse with LAHG therapy although no inhibitor against Factor VIII was demonstrated. In one of these patients, the bleedings symptoms disappeared when the use of LAHG was discontinued and prednisone was given; at the same time, the altered primary hemostasis returned to normal. In the remaining two patients, prednisone did not have any effect. In these two patients, however, the bleeding stopped, and the bleeding time became normal immediately after freshly prepared blood‐group compatible cryoprecipitate was given.
Home Care for Hemophilia: Current State of the Art
Authors: Hilgartner Margaret W.
Published: August 2010

While home care treatment for hemophilia is not a panacea and does not supplant good comprehensive care, it does seem to offer improved medical care for those hemophiliacs enrolled in such a program. The results have been very encouraging in the programs of this type throughout the United States. Since most programs have been in existence for 5 years or less, long‐term data have not accumulated. However, the evidence seems to suggest that crippling is less in children and that orthopedic deformities do not progress at the same rate in adults. Children have improved school attendance; young men may attend college and graduate schools without difficulty. Adults may hold a job without fear of absenteeism. There are fewer dollar costs of the disease for the patient and the psychiatric cost of this chronic illness is markedly less. The quality of life is improved and the patient may develop a new self‐confidence which allows him to function as a productive member of society.
On the Analysis of Platelet Survival Curves and the Calculation of Platelet Production and Destruction
Authors: Branehög Ingmar , Ridell Börje , Weinfeld Aleksander
Published: August 2010

Platelet survival, platelet production and megakaryocyte quantifications were studied in control subjects and in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and primary thrombocythaemia (PT). A platelet death probability function (DPF), which gives the expected probability of a randomly chosen platelet to be destroyed within the nextcoming short time interval, was constructed on the basis of the present knowledge of platelet function and the factors that influence its survival. Starting from this function platelet age and life span distributions and the function for the survival curve were derived.

Platelet mean life span (MLS) was in controls 6.9 d, in PT 5.2 d and in ITP 0.44 d. Determinations of platelet life span and platelet age distributions revealed a considerable variation in platelet life spans about these means and a great difference in platelet age compositions between the 3 groups of subjects studied.

The function for the platelet survival curve, derived from the DPF, was employed in the calculation of platelet production and there was a highly significant relationship between platelet production and megakaryocyte volume per μl bone marrow giving mutual confirmation to the 2 determinations and to the correctness of the death probability function.
Polycythaemia Vera Terminating in Acute Leukaemia A Clinical, Cytogenetic and Morphologic Study in 8 Patients Treated with Alkylating Agents
Authors: Weinfeld Aleksander , Westin Jan , Ridell Böre , Swolin Birgitta
Published: August 2010

A total of 120 patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) were observed between 1971–1976. 8 of them developed acute leukaemia (AL). The clinical course, cytogenetic and morphologic findings of these patients are described in detail.

Alkylating agents were the main treatment for all patients who developed AL. 4 of them obtained alkylating drugs alone. Deaths in AL constituted 36 % of the deaths observed in the groups treated with alkylating agents and 23 % of the total number of deaths in these series. All patients who developed AL had active disease but they had no distinctive features predicting a malignant development. The time interval between PV diagnosis and development of AL was relatively short for those patients who were induced and maintained with alkylating agents alone. It is remarkable that 3 out of 8 patients had erythroleukaemia.

Cytogenetic pretreatment studies were performed in 3 patients and all were normal. 7 patients were studied with banding techniques during the leukaemic state and all but one have shown multiple and complex abnormalities indicating several superimposed cell lines.

It seems probable that PV patients treated with alkylating agents for remission induction and maintenance may run even a greater risk for AL development than those treated with 32P.
The Incidence and Characteristics of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Arising in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Larsen Jørn , Brincker Hans
Published: August 2010

In 201 consecutive patients with Hodgkin's disease treated from 1964 through 1975 with intensive irradiation and/or combination chemotherapy 3 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia were observed. The observed number of cases was 75 times over the expected (P < 0.01).

An analysis of 47 reported cases of acute myeloid leukaemia arising in Hodgkin's disease shows that these cases differ considerably from ‘spontaneous’ cases of acute myeloid leukaemia by appearing in a much younger age group, by a very poor response to anti‐leukaemic chemotherapy, and by a relatively low male/female ratio (0.84).

The intensification of radiotherapy and cytostatic therapy of Hodgkin's disease during the last decade is considered the explanation of the increased incidence of acute myeloid leukaemia in these patients.
Acquired Aplastic Anaemia in Adults
Authors: Haak H. L. , Goselink H. M. , Veenhof W. , Pellinkhof‐Stadelmann S. , Kleiverda J. K. , Velde J. te
Published: August 2010

A follow‐up study of 10 patients suffering from acquired aplastic anaemia, comprising methacrylate‐embedded bone marrow biopsies and CFU cultures, is presented. The haematopoietic recovery patterns and changes in the inflammatory infiltration after permanent engraftment could be distinguished from those in non‐transplanted patients. After anti‐thymocyte globulin treatment followed by allogeneic bone marrow infusion, the recovery pattern resembled that in non‐transplanted patients. The persistently low colony‐forming capacity in some patients could be explained by the existence of lymphoid inhibitory cells, which suggests an immunologic auto‐destructive mechanism.
Heterogeneity of Acid Phosphatase, β‐Glucuronidase, and α‐Naphthyl‐Acetate Esterase in Normal and Leukaemic Lymphocytes
Authors: Celiński Aleksander , Pajdak Wladyslaw
Published: August 2010

Comparative study of isocnzymic patterns of acid phosphatase, β‐glucuronidase and α‐naphthyl acetate esterase of normal and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) lymphocytes was carried out by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoenzymograms of acid phosphatase and β‐glucuronidase of leukaemic cells were similar to that of normal lymphocytes. However, different patterns were found in the case of α‐naphthyl acetate esterase. Two prominent anodal bands were present in CLL lymphocytes; these bands were either absent or very weak in normal cells.
The Effects of Chronic Administration of Cyclophosphamide on Haemopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Pannacciulli I. M. , Massa G. , Saviane A. G. , Bianchi G. , Bogliolo G. V. , Ghio R.
Published: August 2010

The effects of cyclophosphamide given for 18 weeks in small daily doses on CFU‐s, CFU‐C, and CFU‐E, content in mice bone marrow and spleen were studied. In the bone marrow, after an initial drop, the stem cell content rises above the normal values and remains there throughout a long period. In the spleen the stem cell content shows an initial several fold increase followed by a steady decline. It seems possible that this behaviour reflects a compensative effect to the toxic action of the drug at more differentiated levels of the haemopoietic cells.
Cell Kinetics in Human Cyclic Neutropenia
Authors: Dresch C. , Thevenieau D. , Castro‐Malaspina H. , Faille A.
Published: August 2010

Cell kinetics have been studied at several periods in a patient with typical cyclic neutropenia. Peripheral blood granulocyte labelling showed an increased destruction in the preleucopenic phase. Bone marrow colony‐forming cells and blood leucocyte colony forming activity were normal or above the normal range. The major abnormalities were found in sequential studies of bone marrow proliferation measured by ‘in vitro’ 3H‐thymidine flash labelling. A fall in the labelling index of promyelocytes was observed in the second part of the cycle. Incubation of normal human bone marrow cells with patient's granulocytes showed a marked decrease in 3H‐thymidine incorporation, compared with incubation with the same number of normal granulocytes. Human cyclic neutropenia seems to be due to a factor secreted by abnormal polymorphonuclears inhibiting myeloid proliferation.
Cytochalasin B Partially Inhibits the Oxalate‐Induced Radial Segmentation of Mononucleated Blood Cells
Authors: Simmingsköld Göran , Rydgren Lars , Norberg Bo , Söderström Ulla‐Britt , Pontén Jan
Published: August 2010

Cytochalasin B (CB), 5 μg/ml (= 1.0 times 10‐5 M), inhibited the oxalate‐induced radial segmentation of the nuclei of lymphocytes and monocytes from peripheral blood. The median inhibition was 60 %. The oxalate‐induced radial segmentation (RS) is thought to be due to a microtubule‐dependent contraction of the intermitotic residue of the mitotic apparatus around the nucleus. CB is thought to inhibit cell locomotion and cytokinesis by a centripetal contraction of the membrane‐associated contractile cell layer without subsequent relaxation. It is thus suggested that the CB inhibition of the oxalate‐induced RS was due to a spatial interference of the CB‐induced contraction with the formation of RS nuclei.
Time‐Related Increase in Leucocyte Yields by Continuous‐Flow Centrifugation (CFC) Leukopheresis
Authors: Naparstek E. , Halpern J. , Hershko C.
Published: August 2010

Continuous flow centrifugation leukopheresis lasting 3 to 4 h was performed 18 times on 16 normal donors. The total yield of leucocytes collected was 1.59 ± 0.14 times 1010 (mean ± SE). Comparison of leucocyte yields on the first, second, third and fourth hour of leukopheresis indicated a progressive increase with time in 15 out of 18 procedures, with 3.6 times more leucocytes collected within the last hour of leuko‐phoresis as compared to the first hour. This increase was independent of the volume of leucocytes collected per unit time, since an equally significant increase was found when calculated per 100 ml of leucocyte concentrate. Although the mechanism of this improvement in yield with time is unknown, the present data indicate, that moderate prolongation of the duration of leukopheresis may result in an increase in efficiency which is comparable to that produced by the use of hydroxyethyl starch, etio‐cholanolone or corticosteroids.
Erythrocytic Glutathione Peroxidase: Its Relationship to Plasma Selenium in Man
Authors: Perona G. , Cellerino R. , Guidi G. C. , Moschini G. , Stievano B. M. , Tregnaghi C.
Published: August 2010

Erythrocytic glutathione‐peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity and plasma selenium concentrations were measured in 14 patients: 7 with iron deficiency and 7 with raised serum iron levels. The decreased enzymatic activity in iron deficiency was confirmed. Plasma selenium was significantly lower in patients with lower serum iron; furthermore there is a significant correlation between serum iron and plasma selenium concentrations. Another correlation even more significant was found between plasma selenium and enzyme activity in all the cases we studied.

These data suggests that the importance of iron for GSH‐Px activity may be merely due to its relationship with selenium and that plasma selenium concentration may be of critical importance for enzyme activity.
Humoral Function of Acute Leukaemic Blasts
Authors: Hinterberger Wolfgang , Frischauf Hans , Kletter Kurt , Paukovits Walter , Bais Paulette
Published: August 2010

Leukaemic blasts from 8 patients with different forms of acute leukaemia were investigated for their capability to produce colony stimulating factor.

A second point of investigation was to detect inhibitory activity from the same blasts. The agar technique in its double layer modification was used with bone marrow from C57 B1 mice as target cell population.

No single pattern of colony growth was observed. CSF production was absent or very low, when compared with CSF from normal mononuclear cells. However, blasts from 4 patients disclosed inhibition of colony growth. No certain relationship existed between the cytochemic type of leukaemia and the production of either activator or inhibitor of in vitro colony formation.
A Syndrome of Factor VII Deficiency and Abnormal Platelet Release Reaction
Authors: Ly Bernt , Solum Nils Olav , Vennerød Anne Marie , Dahl Ove , Hagen Inger , ØRstavik Karen Helene
Published: August 2010

A 15‐year‐old girl with severe factor VII deficiency and chronic arthropathy showed an excessively prolonged bleeding time. Further studies demonstrated low platelet adhesiveness and abnormal platelet aggregation with ADP, collagen and epinephrine. Release of 14C‐serotonin was deficient after aggregation with ADP and epinephrine, but was normal with thrombin. Transfusion of plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate resulted in a partial or complete correction of the bleeding time, respectively, but had no effect on in vitro platelet function tests.

Both parents and the only sister had factor VII activities of 42 % ‐ 72 % and factor VII antigen levels of 45 % ‐ 66 % of normal and may thus be heterozygotes with respect to factor VII deficiency. All three had normal bleeding times in spite of abnormal in vitro platelet functions.

The observations are interpreted to mean that in this family with factor VII deficiency and abnormal platelet release reaction the platelet abnormality as such was not sufficiently severe to prolong the bleeding time unless the factor VII activity was also very low.
Increased Concentration of Transcobalamin I in a Patient with Metastatic Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Gimsing Peter , Hippe Erik
Published: August 2010

A patient with metastatic carcinoma of the breast and increased plasma cobalamin binding capacity (about 50 nmol/1) is described. The binding protein was identified as transcobalamin I (TCI) by DEAE cellulose ion‐exchange chromatography, Sephadex G200 gel filtration and agar gel electrophoresis.

Although the total plasma cobalamin concentration (about 20 nmol/1) was elevated, the patient complained of neurological symptoms in accordance with a functional vitamin B12 deficiency. Hence, an inactivation of the coenzyme is suggested by the demonstration of considerable amounts of 5′‐deoxyadenosylcobalamin bound to the plasma TCI. Both urinary excretion of FIGLU and methylmalonic acid were within the reference ranges.

Reported cases of increased cobalamin binding in patients with nonhaematological malignancy are reviewed. Further investigations to characterize the function of the cobalamin dependent metabolic pathways are necessary to determine the importance of the increased transcobalamin binding in these patients.
Preleukaemia (Haemopoietic Dysplasia) Developing in a Patient with Psoriasis Treated with 8‐Methoxypsoralen and Ultraviolet Light (PUVA Treatment)
Authors: Wagner J. , Manthorpe R. , Philip P. , Frost F.
Published: August 2010

A 73‐year‐old man who had suffered for many years from psoriasis was treated with systemic psoralen and longwave ultraviolet light. After 1 year he developed a pre‐leukaemic condition characterized by a refractory anaemia, a slight thrombocytopenia and a normo‐ to hypercellular bone marrow with an excess of myeloblasts. Karyo‐typing revealed an abnormal chromosome (12p—) and agar cultures of bone marrow showed moderate growth with a high cluster/colony ratio. He died 1 year later of renal failure precipitated by an acute pancreatitis. Owing to the possible causal relationship we would like to advise increased attention to the haematopoietic system of patients treated with psoralen.
Satellitism of Platelets to Monocytes in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: Djaldetti M. , Fishman P.
Published: August 2010

The first case of platelet satellitism to monocytes in a patient with hypogammaglobulinaemia is described. Platelet adherence was observed with heparinized blood and was dependent on the patient's plasma. The ultrastructural findings observed with the transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are reported.
Granulocyte‐Committed Progenitor Cells in the Blood of Patients with Myelosclerosis
Authors: Goldman J. M. , Seitanides B. , Ruutu T. , Th'ng K. H.
Published: August 2010

Granulocyte‐committed progenitor cells (colony‐forming units, CFUc) in the blood of 10 patients with primary myelosclerosis and 2 patients with myelosclerosis following polycythaemia vera were assayed by the agar culture technique. The mean number of CFUc was 54.1 ± 109 (SD) (range 1.4–394) × 106/1 which corresponded to an increase of more than 1000‐fold above normal levels. There was a linear relationship of CFUc with total leucocyte count in the different patients. The magnitude of this increase resembles that found in untreated patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia and is therefore in keeping with the concept that the concentration of CFUc in the circulation is due to a primary increase in their number and not to disordered release from the marrow.
Serum Ferritin during Infection
Authors: Blrgegård Gunnar , Hålxgren Roger , Killander Andreas , Strömberg Anders , Venge Per , Wide Leif
Published: August 2010

Serum ferritin, transferrin, iron and haptoglobin have been investigated in a longitudinal study in 18 patients hospitalized for various acute infections. Within a couple of days after the onset of an infection, a rise in serum ferritin was seen, the magnitude of which was not dependent on the type of infection (bacterial or viral). The serum ferritin level remained elevated for several weeks in some patients, and 7 out of the 18 patients still had abnormally high values 5 weeks after the onset of illness. The mean curves for serum ferritin and the acute phase reactant haptoglobin were parallel. Possible mechanisms causing the elevation in serum ferritin are discussed.
Acute Eosinophilo‐Myelomonocytic Leukaemia, one of the ‘In Between Leukaemias’
Authors: Stavem Per , Ly Bernt , Blichfeldt Per , Andreassen Per
Published: August 2010

A patient is reported to have an in between type of acute myeloid leukaemia, namely acute eosinophilomyelomonocytic leukaemia. The blasts in the peripheral blood showed a definite transition towards immature monocytes. The bone marrow contained 65 % blasts and 13 % eosinophil promyelocytes. The large number of immature eosinophils in the bone marrow strongly support the view that they were part of the leukaemic process and not merely a reactive eosinophilia.
Detection of Antiplatelet Antibody in Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Pascual Cherry Jo , Romano Egidio
Published: August 2010

Two methods have been developed for the detection of antiplatelet antibodies in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The first, a competitive RIA, is highly sensitive, reproducible and allows quantitation of platelet associated immunoglobu‐lins (PAI) and specifically adsorbed antiplatelet antibodies from serum of patients with ITP. The second procedure developed is a simple and rapid qualitative test, where antiplatelet antibodies are detected through the formation of rosettes of protein A producing Staphylococcus aureus with sensitized human platelets.
Occurrence of Megakaryocytes in Various Vessels and Their Retention in the Pulmonary Capillaries in Man
Authors: Pedersen Niels Tinggaard
Published: August 2010

A total of 17 patients with hypertension undergoing renal vein or adrenal vein catheterization were investigated in order to ascertain the number of megakaryocytes in blood from the inferior vena cava, the femoral artery and a cubital vein. On an average 11.9, 3.8, and 4.5 megakaryocytes per ml were found, respectively. In blood from the inferior vena cava, 30 % of the megakaryocytes had copious cytoplasm, while megakaryocytes in arterial and cubital venous blood had sparse or no visible cytoplasm. It was demonstrated that ⅔ of the megakaryocytes were retained in the pulmonary circulation and that at least 70% of the platelets could derive from megakaryocytes in central venous blood or the pulmonary circulation. It was found that megakaryocytes pass through a life cycle in which the differentiation take place in the bone marrow, platelet release occurs mainly in central venous blood and in the pulmonary circulation and the destruction of the megakaryocyte nucleus take place outside the bone marrow, especially in the pulmonary circulation.
Non‐Randomness in Complex Translocations of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Berger Roland , Bernheim Alain
Published: August 2010

A new case of chronic myeloid leukaemia with a complex translocation involving chromosomes No. 1, 9 and 22 is reported. The striking similarity of this case with another previously reported case and the involvement of band 9q34 in chromosome rearrangements in CML patients indicates clearly a non‐randomness of chromosome abnormalities in this blood disease, even when the translocation is different from the usual t(9;22) one. The usefulness of R‐banding techniques is emphasized in these cases.
Syndrome of Thrombocytopenia and Absent Radii: Qualitatively Normal Platelets with Remission Following Spenectomy
Authors: Armitage James O. , Hoak John C. , Elliott Thomas E. , Fry Glenna L.
Published: August 2010

A 41‐year‐old female with TAR syndrome and a normal number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow improved after splenectomy. There were no signs of a qualitative platelet defect. She was followed for nearly 2 years during which the bleeding time was increased without clinical bleeding, however.
Three New Cases of an Inborn Qualitative Fibrinogen Defect (Fibrinogen Oslo II)
Authors: Godal H. C. , Brosstad F. , Kierulf P.
Published: August 2010

An autosomally inherited, qualitative fibrinogen defect is presented. It is associated with prolonged thrombin clotting time, low plasma fibrinogen when assayed by a fibrin polymerization test and large amounts of fibrinogen antigen determinants in the supernatant after clotting. The plasma fibrinogen level was normal when assayed by an immunological technique or by quantitation of insoluble fibrin under conditions in which fibrin polymerization is enhanced. As judged from N‐terminal amino acid analyses, fibrinopeptides were split off at normal speed, and the subunit chains of the fibrinogen appeared normal when examined on polyacrylamide gels. The abnormality was not associated with bleeding tendency, and other routine coagulation tests gave normal results. The findings are in accordance with the concept of defective fibrin polymerization.
Polycythaemia Vera — Transformation to Myelofibrosis and Subsequent Reversal
Authors: Pettit J. E. , Lewis S. M. , Goolden A. W. G.
Published: August 2010

A woman aged 67 who developed polycythaemia vera 21 years ago has been seen regularly since the diagnosis was first made. She was treated initially with pyrimethamine and then for 10 years by repeated venesections. After a 4 year period when her myeloproliferative disease was considered to be transitional a complete transformation to myelofibrosis occurred. She was treated by splenic irradiation and later with alkylating agents in an attempt to give her symptomatic relief from massive splenomegaly. Repeated and massive haemorrhage from gastro‐oesophageal varices was treated initially by percutaneous transhepatic sclerosis of the gastro‐oesophageal collateral vessels. A subsequent dacron mesocaval jump graft operation was successful in preventing further haematemesis and melaena. During the last year transformation back to polycythaemia vera has occurred. The evolution of her myeloproliferative disease has been fully documented by detailed blood counting, bone marrow aspirates and trephine biopsies, blood volume studies and other radioisotope investigations including the quantitation of functional erythropoietic tissue with 52Fe.
Direct Chemotaxis and Leucocyte‐Induced Chemotaxis of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes
Authors: Bäck Ove , Bandmann Ulf , Norberg Bo , Söderström Ulla‐Britt
Published: August 2010

The present study was designed to discriminate and analyze the presence of direct PMN chemotaxis and leucocyte‐induced PMN chemotaxis in filter assay systems of PMN chemotaxis, namely the Wilkinson chamber and the Boyden chamber, which yield a more quantified information on leucocyte chemotaxis than filming of vital cells.

The PMN chemotaxis was reduced by approximately 30–35 μm after incubation with vinblastine, 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 μg/ml respectively, as measured by the leading front method in the Wilkinson chamber. This figure was thought to represent the contribution of the leucocyte‐induced antitubulin‐sensitive PMN chemotaxis to the casein‐induced PMN chemotaxis under the experimental conditions prevailing. The remaining 60 μm antitubulin‐insensitive PMN migration into the filter probably represented a combination of direct PMN chemotaxis and stimulated PMN random motility.

Since the above‐mentioned vinblastine inhibition of PMN chemotaxis was recorded in the absence of serum, complement factors included, the vinblastine‐inhibited PMN chemotaxis was thought to be due to the release of a leucocyte‐derived cytotaxin.

The significance of incubation time and chemotactic parameters was further analyzed in the presence of serum in Boyden chambers, in the intercompartmental filters by means of PMN distribution curves and on the bottom filter by cell numbers. The antitubulin inhibition of PMN chemotaxis was evident in the intercompartmental filter during the initial period of incubation and later by cell counts on the bottom filter. These observations suggested that the antitubulin inhibition of PMN chemotaxis was due to antitubulin inhibition of the direction‐finding in a minor proportion of fast‐moving PMNs.
Ultrastructural Studies of Leucocytes which Form Rosettes with Homologous Erythrocytes in Human Auto Immune Haemolytic Anaemia
Authors: Parker A. C. , Stuart A. E.
Published: August 2010

Leucocytes which form rosettes with homologous erythrocytes in auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia, infectious mononucleosis and following the stimulation of lymphocyte cultures with PHA have been studied by electron microscopy. The studies showed that the predominant homologous rosette forming cell was lymphocytic and the evidence favoured the conclusion that they were non‐immune in nature. This identification does not classify the lymphocyte as thymus or bone marrow derived. Just under half (44%) of the total lymphocytic RFC had perinuclear microfilaments and limited clearing of the plasma of ribosomes close to the cell membrane. These features are consistent with activated T lymphocytes. The remainder of the lymphocytic RFC had no features which allowed their identification as T or B cells.

The form of contact between lymphocytic RFC and erythrocyte was mainly of a pointlike nature, with little deformation or invasion of the attached erythrocytes. Monocytes were the only other type of cell encountered with any frequency. Their prime distinguishing feature was the deformation of attached red cells which they caused.
Relations between Surface Charge and in Vitro Lysis of Red Blood Cells in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria
Authors: Hause Lawrence L. , Koethe Susan M. , Rothwell David J. , Straumfjord Jon V.
Published: August 2010

The effects of neuraminadase on the electrophoretic mobility and in vitro lysis of PNH, glutathione treated and normal erythrocytes was determined. Neuraminidase strongly affected the in vitro haemolysis of PNH and glutathione treated erythrocytes by substantially elevating the lysis in the Ham acid test while virtually eliminating lysis in the sucrose test. Findings suggest that membrane bound sialic acid or the level of cell surface charge may have a role in the susceptibility of PNH erythrocytes to complement mediated lysis.
Migration Pattern of Splenic Lymphocytes after Local Labelling of the Pig Spleen with 3H‐Cytidine
Authors: Pabst R. , Munz D. , Trepel F.
Published: August 2010

In normal young pigs splenic lymphocytes were selectively labelled by injecting tritiated cytidine into a splenic artery. 10 h later several lymphoid and non‐lymphoid organs were investigated for spleen‐derived lymphocytes by autoradiography. The relative and absolute organ distribution of the labelled cells was determined. Labelled lymphocytes appeared rapidly in the peripheral blood reaching a mean labelling index of 4.8 %. More splenic lymphocytes were found in thymus dependent areas than in thymus independent areas of lymphoid organs. Nearly 40 % of all emigrated lymphocytes homed to lymph nodes and only about 1 % in the thymus. A surprisingly high number of splenic lymphocytes were located in the bone marrow and the lung.
Platelet Production in Hypoxic and RBC‐Transfused Mice
Authors: McDonald T. P.
Published: August 2010

Platelet production rates were studied in hypoxic, red blood cell (RBC) transfused, and normal mice. In addition, platelet depletion was induced in some of the mice by injection of rabbit anti‐mouse platelet serum (RAMPS) to stimulate platelet production. Hypoxia alone caused an increase in haematocrit and platelet count at 1–3 d, followed by a decrease in platelet counts to below normal values at 6–7 d. On the other hand, RBC transfusion caused increased haematocrit and decreased platelet count of mice at 1–4 d, with a return of platelet counts to normal by 5–6 d. Normal mice and mice transfused with RBC responded to platelet depletion with rebound‐thrombocytosis with maximum platelet production 3–5 d later and elevated platelet counts on days 5–6. However, platelet production in platelet‐depleted mice exposed to hypoxia was less marked, and platelet counts did not reach normal levels. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that hypoxia causes thrombocytopenia by stem cell competition between erythroid and megakaryocytic cell lines and/or inhibition of thrombopoietin production.
Circulating Megakaryocytes in Blood from the Antecubital Vein in Healthy, Adult Humans
Authors: Hansen Mads , Pedersen N. Tinggaard
Published: August 2010

A total of 21 healthy, adult men and 30 healthy, adult women aged 21–73 years were investigated for circulating megakaryocytes in the antecubital vein using the saponin‐haemolysis leucoconcentration technique. In the males, the number of megakaryocytes in 1.5 ml blood varied from 1 to 20, the arithmetic mean being 10 megakaryocytes. In the females, the number varied from 0 to 29 megakaryocytes and the arithmetic mean was 7.6 megakaryocytes. No significant difference was found between the values for the two sexes. There was no correlation between the number of megakaryocytes and platelets or leucocytes. 99 % of the observed megakaryocytes were naked nuclei or had sparse cytoplasm and 1 % had copious cytoplasm. Megakaryocytes without copious cytoplasm may be regarded as normally occurring cells in the peripheral venous blood.