bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Laughter Therapy for Managing Stress: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: William Kevin , Yudiarso Ananta
Published: December 2024

Stress is a common issue faced by the Indonesian population, and laughter therapy is believed to be an effective intervention. However, findings from previous research have yielded inconsistent results regarding the effectiveness of laughter therapy. This study evaluates the effectiveness of laughter therapy as an intervention to reduce stress in the Indonesian population through Hedge's G meta-analysis, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The analysis involved 347 participants from 9 previous studies. The results indicate that laughter therapy has a significant effect in reducing stress levels in individuals. Laughter therapy with 15 steps proved to be the most effective model. The implications of these findings are significant in understanding the role of laughter therapy as a potential strategy in addressing stress in the community. This study provides substantial empirical evidence for mental health practitioners and researchers to incorporate laughter therapy, particularly with proven effective approaches, as an integral part of comprehensive mental health efforts in Indonesia.
Eksplorasi Ketangguhan Mental dan Kecemasan Kompetitif pada Atlet Arung Jeram di Jakarta
Authors: Nurcahyadi Muhammad Fixi , Trihandayani Dewi
Published: December 2024

Dalam setiap pertandingan olahraga, aspek psikologis seperti ketangguhan mental dan kecemasan bertanding memainkan peran krusial dalam menentukan keberhasilan atlet. Ketangguhan mental menunjukkan sikap positif dalam menghadapi tekanan, sedangkan kecemasan bertanding dapat mengganggu performa. Meskipun ketangguhan mental sering dikaitkan dengan performa optimal, penelitian mengenai hubungannya dengan kecemasan kompetitif pada atlet arung jeram masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara mental toughness (ketangguhan mental) dan competitive anxiety (kecemasan kompetitif) pada atlet arung jeram yang tergabung dalam Federasi Arung Jeram Indonesia (FAJI) di Jakarta. Penelitian ini melibatkan 35 atlet arung jeram, terdiri dari 13 laki-laki dan 22 perempuan, dengan rentang usia 18-25 tahun. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah Mental Toughness Scale dan Competitive Anxiety Scale. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan korelasi product moment Pearson pada SPSS 26.0. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara mental toughness dan competitive anxiety (r = -0,484, p < 0,003). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan mental toughness berhubungan dengan penurunan tingkat kecemasan kompetitif pada atlet arung jeram Jakarta. Implikasi dari hasil ini menunjukkan pentingnya pengembangan mental toughness sebagai strategi untuk mengurangi kecemasan dan meningkatkan performa dalam konteks kompetisi.
Peran Perawatan Diri sebagai Mediator antara Efikasi Diri dan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Authors: Sulistyarini Raden , Susanti Devi Rika , Alfairuz Hafiz
Published: December 2024

GERD adalah suatu kondisi kronis yang dapat mnurunkan kualitas hidup pasien, terutama jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Dua faktor penting yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pada pasien GERD adalah efikasi diri dan perawatan diri, namun bagaimana efikasi diri ini mempengaruhi kualitas hidup melalui mekanisme perawatan diri masih memerlukan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran perawatan diri sebagai mediator antara efikasi diri dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease). Metode : Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 152 subjek yang terdiri dari 24 laki-laki dan 128 perempuan yang berusia di atas 18 tahun dan telah didiagnosis GERD oleh dokter minimal 6 bulan setelah mendapat diagnosa.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, model hubungan dalam penelitian ini yaitu tiga variabel yang dianalisis dengan analisis mediasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan skala World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF), Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) dan Denyes Self Care Agency Instrument (DSCAI-90). Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan aplikasi statistik JASP versi 0.18.3.0. Hasil : Efikasi diri memiliki efek tidak langsung terhadap kualitas hidup (indirect effect  =0,271, 95% CI = [0,128, 0,415])p<0.01) melalui perawatan diri sebagai mediator. Adapun implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah dapat membantu para tenaga kesehatan untuk mengevaluasi faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup pasien GERD. Lebih jauh, hasil penelitian ini bisa memberikan berbagai alternatif tritmen yang tepat untuk pasien GERD dengan memperhatikan efikasi dan self care sebagai faktor yang berperan dalam peningkatan kualitas hidup pada pasien GERD.
Kata Kunci: Efikasi Diri, Kualitas Hidup, Perawatan Diri, Pasien GERD
Motivational, Cognitive and Emotional Factors as Predictors of Creative Expression in University Students
Authors: Quispe Ygnacio Salvador Tomaylla , Aguilar Olger Gutierrez , Huanca Sandra Milagros Chicaña , Castillo Walter Enrique Ponce del , Quilcca Gabriela Giovanna Mamani
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study analyzes how motivational, cognitive, and emotional factors influence students' creative expression, highlighting its importance for personal and professional development in academic settings.
 
Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in key concepts such as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, cognitive factors, and emotional factors, which are essential for the creative process in educational contexts.
 
Method: A linear regression analysis was conducted with a sample of 163 university students from various disciplines. The dependent variable was creative expression, while the independent variables included intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, cognitive factors, and emotional factors.
 
Results and Discussion: The results revealed that intrinsic motivation (β = 0.3872, p < .001), cognitive factors (β = 0.2698, p < .001), and emotional factors (β = 0.2193, p < .001) are significant predictors of creative expression, with intrinsic motivation being the most influential. Extrinsic motivation showed no significant relationship (β = 0.043, p = 0.482). These findings suggest that, in artistic workshops, students are driven more by internal factors than by external incentives.
 
Implications of the Research: The results are relevant for designing educational programs that prioritize intrinsic motivation and emotional engagement, fostering creativity in students.
 
Originality/Value: This study identifies the differential impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, offering new perspectives to promote creativity in artistic educational contexts.
Do Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Matter in Knowledge Sharing Through Startups?
Authors: Andrade Roberta Dutra da , Pontes Emiliano Sousa , Oliveira Carlos Italo de , Antenor Gisele Aparecida Chaves
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to map the research on entrepreneurial ecosystems to explore the domain of the topic, addressing entrepreneurial ecosystems and highlighting high-quality contributions in the entrepreneurship literature.
 
Theoretical Framework: The research is based on the definitions of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) and follows a systematic literature review protocol, providing a solid basis for understanding the research context.
 
Method: A systematic literature review was carried out using the Biblioshiny-Bibliometrix and content analysis of the conceptual and social structures present in the metadata. The study revealed the evolution of research between 1984 and 2024, as well as its networks and collaborations. The data was collected from the Web of Science database.
 
Results and Discussion: The results were organised into large thematic groups: (i) Entrepreneurial ecosystems, (ii) Innovation systems, (iii) Knowledge-based systems and (iv) Digital entrepreneurial ecosystems. These themes are highlighted, emphasising their contributions and presenting a research agenda.
 
Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of the study are discussed, offering insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of entrepreneurship. The implications address the importance of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the sharing of knowledge.
 
Originality/Value: This study stands out by carrying out a detailed bibliometric analysis, without a time frame, of entrepreneurial ecosystems, considering geography, risk conditions, the adoption of technological innovation and knowledge sharing in management research.
Determination of hypoxia, angiogenesis and tumour microenvironment in feline mammary tumours by immunohistochemical and histopathological methods
Authors: Güner Erdinç , Hatipoğlu Fatih
Published: December 2024

This study used immunohistochemical method to investigate the relationship between the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, and angiogenesis in biopsy samples of feline mammary tumors brought to Selcuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Bornova Veterinary Control Institute between 2015 and 2019. The staining of paraffin tissue sections was performed with CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1a) CD68, and CD163 antibodies, and their correlation with each other and the observed histopathological changes was explored. The study used mature mammary tissue samples from 12 cats of different breeds and ages for diagnostic purposes. The examined biopsy materials with microvessel density (MVD), VEGF, HIF-1a, CD68, and CD163 antibodies showed no significant relationship between benign and malignant tumors (p>0.05). Furthermore, the study found no significant relationship between malignant tumors and their histological grade, tumor size, mitotic score, lenfovascular invasion (LVI), and necrosis features (p>0.05). It is believed that the low number of materials used in the study prevented the detection of a statistically significant difference between the IHC results of tumors and their histopathological and clinicopathological features. The study concluded that presenting the data would be appropriate to contribute to the fields of veterinary medicine and veterinary oncology.
Incorporating Deep Learning into the Diagnosis of Banana Leaf Spot Diseases for the Protection of Banana Crops
Authors:   Hacettepe University, Unal Cihan
Published: December 2024

Banana crops play a pivotal role in securing global food supplies and supporting economic stability. However, they are confronted with significant challenges stemming from a variety of diseases that not only diminish yields but also compromise the quality of the fruit.
Archaeological prospecting using the Electric Resistivity Imaging method at the Borsippa site, Near Babylon, Central Iraq
Authors: Berhi Fatima Z. , Al-Saadi Osamah S.
Published: December 2024

Many important archaeological sites in Iraq still need to be preserved. Some of these sites were subjected to destruction and negligence. So, exploring these sites represents a priority for its protection. A 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) as a non-invasive geophysical survey method was implemented at a part of the Borsippa archaeological site near Babylon to search for the subsurface archaeological artefacts/structures. Electrical resistivity measurements were carried out using a Dipole-Dipole array. Steps were taken to process and filter using Horizontal profiles, forward modelling, and 2D inverse models to analyze the resistivity measurements. The ERI inversion results show that the superficial conductive zone produced variations in ERI inverse models. The low resistivity caused by the relatively high conductivity was observed due to rainwater leaking into the topsoil zone. The ERI sections revealed a coherent depth of approximately 7 meters and the anomalies geometry and semi-layering soil. These changes can be attributed to the high resistivity contrast between the relatively high-resistivity anomalies and the surrounding intact soil. The soil types include dry silty and clayey soils and crushed refractory materials such as broken bricks and ruins mixed with rock pulp. These materials have resulted in the collapse of walls due to weathering and erosion. Based on the identified patterns, shallow-depth high-resistive anomalies are present and extend throughout some parts of the study area. These anomalies are represented in a SW-NE trend of the mound area. At the bottom of this zone is another zone with low resistance values and variable thickness, which varies from place to place within the study area. The results proved the efficiency of the ERI technique in detecting archaeological wall-like artefacts, which represents a data bank for any future archaeological prospection.
Common Fixed Points of Set –Valued Mappings on Partial b - Metric Spaces
Authors: Khaleel Liqaa Jameel
Published: December 2024

In this work, the Banach contraction principle is generalized to a new formula. Then, it is used to give the  guarantee conditions for the existence of common fixed point for set valued mappings defined on complete partial b-metric spaces. In addition, some results in connection with  the existence of a  fixed point for a set-valued mapping defined on a partial b-metric space are given. Some  examples are established to illustrate  our results.
Corrosion Behavior of Titanium in the Presence of Some Drugs Based on Amino Groups
Authors: Jassim Rasha A. , Ayal Asmaa Kadim , Sando Muna S. , Farhan Ahlam Mohammed , Khammas Sameaa J.
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the effect of two different types of amino group-containing pharmacological inhibitors on titanium corrosion under acidic conditions. The first inhibitor examined was the antibiotic trimethoprim. The second inhibitor studied was the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug voltaren. The results showed that titanium had a high corrosion current in the absence of a corrosion inhibitor, however, trimethoprim notably enhanced corrosion resistance and protection percentages of titanium (%IE) at higher concentrations by adhering to the metal surface, as evidenced by improved protection percentages. Furthermore, the results showed that as Voltaren concentration was increased, both corrosion resistance and inhibition efficiency decreased. This demonstrates that less Voltaren was absorbed onto the metal surface as compared to trimethoprim.
LUC Image Encryption Enhancement Using a Hyper-Chaotic System and DNA
Authors: Abbas Noor Muneam , Abdulmunim Matheel E.
Published: December 2024

The digital image is considered one of the most heavily attacked and targeted data types because of its various applications and sensitive visual data. Many security techniques have been introduced to cover various image security needs, such as watermarking and steganography for intellectual property protection, authentication, and cryptography techniques for confidentiality and secrecy. In this paper, we present a technique that introduces enhancements to encryption quality and employs chaos theory to augment system robustness. The approach involves the generation of pseudo-random sequences through the utilization of the four-dimensional Lorenz system. These sequences serve a dual purpose: firstly, they facilitate image preprocessing by applying a scrambling and diffusion technique to eliminate intrinsic relationships between adjacent pixels. Secondly, a DNA-based codebook method is incorporated to further elevate encryption quality during the final step. This entails the utilization of the LUC public encryption algorithm, along with one of the generated pseudo-random sequences, as the encryption keys for safeguarding the image. The findings regarding encryption quality and the perceptibility of the resulting image yield promising outcomes. In terms of encryption quality, notably high values were attained. In regard to entropy, the achieved entropy for the encrypted images exceeded 7.9. Additionally, the range of PSNR between the plain and encrypted images remained below 8.7.
Distribution of Atmospheric Stability Classes in Baghdad Province and Its Relationship with Surface Wind Speed Rates
Authors: Al-Khuwaylidee Imad Khraibet Rashid , Hassoon Ahmed F. , Al-Ramahi Fouad K. Mashee
Published: December 2024

Stability in the atmosphere is the most important factor in the transport and dispersion of air pollutants. There are a number of complicated methods for determining stability. The majority of these methods are based on the amount of convective and mechanical turbulence in atmospheric motions, such as the Richardson number, Monin-Obukhov length, Pasquill-Gifford stability classification, and Pasquill-Turner stability classification. Pasquill utilized surface-accessible meteorological information like breeze speed, sun-based radiation, and surface darkness to portray air steadiness. Baghdad territory was separated into a gathering of focuses as indicated by scope and longitude; six focuses were chosen and conveyed in a manner that addresses all districts of Baghdad territory through the diurnal hourly information (6, 9, 12, 15, 18) for the months (January, April, July, October) for the year 2018, and find the spatial and fleeting circulation of relative recurrence RF% dependability classes as per consolidating the Pasquill-Turner strategy. The pattern of conditions necessary for atmospheric stability can be derived from two distinct categories. First, the patterns for the month and the season are calculated. The results show that in April, the relative frequency (RF%) of the (A) and (B) classes is highest in the northeast of Baghdad province and has an inverse relationship with average wind speed (R = - 0.62, - 0.90). During July, the relative frequency RF percentages of the (C) and (D) classes are highest in the west and northeast of Baghdad province, respectively, and they are positively correlated with average wind speed (R = 0.91, 0.78, respectively). The spatial and worldly conveyance of relative recurrence RF% steadiness classes as per joining the Pasquill-Turner strategy prompts a feeble relationship or an absence of clarity in the relationship because of the impact of affecting elements (non-direct variety) (the Pasquill-Turner Technique (PTM) in extra factors of the Pasquill strategy). Second, monthly and seasonal patterns are calculated. The Pasquill method reveals that the stability class (C) has the highest relative frequency (RF%) in January (28.72 percent), the stability class (B) has the highest relative frequency (RF%) in April (33.98 percent), the stability class (C) has the highest relative frequency (RF%) in July (64.74 percent), and the stability class (C) has the highest relative frequency (RF%) in October (35.48 percent).
Evaluating the Performance of Supervised Classification Algorithms in Classifying SENTINEL-2A Images on Land Cover and Land Uses of a Part of Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: SARHAN SACHIT MOURTADHA , Muhsein Khazael Sajaa , Akram Atiyah Hiba
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, remote sensing (RS) technology is being recognized as the most up-to-date data source used in land cover and land use exploration. However, the sources of RS data, the type of algorithms applied, and the study area characteristics all influence how accurately relevant thematic maps are produced. This paper aims to assess the classification performance of supervised machine learning algorithms over regions affected by dust storm depositions. To this end, SENTINEL-2 imagery across the city of Baghdad, Iraq are considered. Data preprocessing is carried out using SNAP software. Maximum Likelihood (ML), Minimum Distance (MD), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and KD Tree KNN (KD-KNN) models are applied to produce land-use maps of five classes. Finally, a confusion matrix is implemented to examine the classification accuracy. The results revealed the superiority of the RF classifier with an overall accuracy of 83.33%. Followed by KNN and KD-KNN with an accuracy of 80% each. Arid lands scored the highest rating in most of the applied algorithms. The reported findings raise awareness regarding the selection of suitable algorithms for specific classification tasks.
Evaluation of allergic diseases in children diagnosed with cutaneous mastocytosis
Authors: Celik Hatice Irmak , Guvenir Funda Aytekin , Emeksiz Zeynep Sengul , Misirlioglu Emine Dibek
Published: December 2024

Background: Cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) is the most common type of mastocytosis in children. The atopy frequency in these patients is typically similar to that in the general population, but a higher incidence of anaphylaxis is reported. Objective: This
study aimed to evaluate the presence of allergic diseases in children diagnosed with CM and its impact on clinical manifestations. Methods: Children diagnosed with CM at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Clinic between September 2019 and September
2023 were included in the study. Data, including demographic information, clinical details, and laboratory results, were gathered from medical records, encompassing personal and family allergy history. Results: The study included 58 patients (median [interquartile range{IQR}]
age, 64 months [29‐100.5 months]; 69% boys) with skin lesions as the primary concern. The median (IQR) age at which the lesions appeared was 9 months (3‐39.25 months), and the median (IQR) age at hospital admission was 12 months (5‐ 50 months). The median (IQR) age at
CM diagnosis was 13 months (6‐53.5 months). The median (IQR) baseline tryptase value was 5.45 μg/L (3.93‐9.00 μg/L), and 16 had an elevated tryptase value (>8 μg/L). Allergic diseases were present in 39.65% of the patients, with atopic dermatitis (18.9%) being the
most common, followed by asthma (10.3%), allergic rhinitis (5.2%), food allergy (1.7%), and drug and bee venom allergies (1.7%). One patient had a history of anaphylaxis, diagnosed 4 months after consuming yogurt. A total of 18 patients, including this patient, were prescribed an adrenaline
autoinjector. Conclusion: Various allergic diseases occurred in ∼40% of patients with CM and most commonly manifest as atopic dermatitis; 31% patients with risk factors for anaphylaxis were prescribed an adrenaline autoinjector.
Agile Governance Implementation in Public Services: the Case of DPMPTSP Padang City During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ratih Ratih
Published: December 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic presents major challenges for Indonesia's health, economic and government sectors. In this context, the Padang City Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Service (DPMPTSP) plays an important role in implementing local policies to support recovery. This research aims to explore the implementation of Agile Governance in DPMPTSP Padang City during the pandemic. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through in-depth interviews and document analysis. The research results show that the Padang City DPMPTSP has succeeded in implementing the principles of good enough governance, business-driven, human focused, and based on quick wins, so that it is able to improve public services and licensing innovation. Various innovations, such as the INDAH program for MSMEs and the OSS and SIMBG digital systems, are implemented to maintain service continuity. Apart from that, DPMPTSP also increases transparency and community participation through public consultation forums. The conclusion of this research confirms that the implementation of Agile Governance has enabled DPMPTSP to adapt and innovate in services, creating better relationships between government and society in the context of public services, especially in the midst of crisis conditions.
Waste Banks: Social Capital in Community-Based Sustainable Waste Management Efforts in Padang City
Authors: Tomimi Zahran Mabrukah
Published: December 2024

The waste bank is a creative way to improve behavior and understanding about managing waste in the home. Social capital, as a collaborative effort at the community level, is essential to the trash bank's management. Mutual trust in society, standards, and networks that the community may use to address problems together are known as social capital. This research aims to find out how the social capital process in the Waste Bank framework in community-based sustainable waste management in Padang City, especially in the Sakinah Waste Bank by using descriptive research conducted through a qualitative approach. The study's analysis revealed that the social capital process at Sakinah Waste Bank is carried out by the community, and that trust is developed between the actors through the transparency of the waste bank management process. Strategies to develop networking with the actors include communication, a shared commitment to support the waste bank management, and a shared understanding of the waste bank's purpose. Social norms are necessary to keep the actors' trust in one other and the transparency process going. Additionally, the social norm might raise citizens' awareness of the need to control household waste.
Chemical composition and biological activities of acetone extract from the fruit of Acronychia pedunculata
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc An , Pham Tan Viet , Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuong , Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Huynh Nguyen Tuong An , Nguyen Quoc Hung , Le Thanh Tho , Le Van Son , Nguyen Hanh Thi Dieu
Published: December 2024

Acronychia pedunculata, a member of the Rutaceae family, has long been used in traditional medicine in South and Southeast Asia. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical constituents, volatile compounds, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the acetone extract from A. pedunculata fruit. The results revealed that the extract contains several bioactive compounds, including phenolics, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids, and flavonoids. Additionally, 26 volatile compounds were identified, with 3-furaldehyde; 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-; and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural being the major components. The extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against three of the six tested bacterial strains: Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. It also exhibited ABTS radical-scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 223.62±4.83 μg/mL.
Problems of Time and History in the Philosophy of Tanabe Hajime
Authors: Karelova Lyubov' Borisovna
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the theory of time and history of the Japanese philosopher, one of the pillars of the Kyoto school, Tanabe Hajime. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that this kind of research allows for a more comprehensive presentation of the historical and philosophical picture of the twentieth century by including in the field of view the legacy of the most important personalities of Asian philosophies. The immediate tasks of the author were to consider the stages of the formation of the concept of Tanabe Hajime, to study the ways of understanding Western theories of time and their transformation in the Japanese intellectual space, to clarify the differences in approaches to the problems of time within the Kyoto school, to analyze the use of religious doctrines and mathematical symbols to build philosophical models. The study uses methods of problematic reconstruction of the system of ideas and descriptive analysis of textual material, comparative analysis, logical-semantic and contextual analysis of concepts and terms. Using the example of Tanabe‘s philosophy of time, the article reveals the spectrum of ideas of Western philosophy of the twentieth century that received a unique development in Japanese thought, reflects the most famous philosophical discussion that unfolded between the two founders of the Kyoto school, shows how the ideas associated with the understanding of time by Nishida Kitaro were criticized and received new interpretations. Important results of the study were the description of the process of transformation of Buddhist concepts into philosophical concepts and the definition of their functional status within the framework of Tanabe's discourse related to the problems of time, as well as the identification and examples of the use of mathematical constructions as an evidentiary and explanatory basis for philosophical theory.
Enhanced Oral Absorption and Bioavailability of Ivermectin Through Amorphous Solid Dispersion Techniques
Authors: Y Chang , J Li , Z Z Zou
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop a high-loading amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of ivermectin to significantly enhance its oral absorption and bioavailability. Using a solvent method, we formulated a novel ternary ASD with polyvinylpyrrolidone PVPK30 and Poloxamer 188 (P188) in a 1:0.5:1.5 ratio of drug to PVPK30 to P188. We characterized the physicochemical properties of five ASD formulations through in vitro dissolution tests. The selected formulation, SD3, was further assessed using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Notably, SD3 enhanced drug loading more than 30-fold compared to commercial tablets. SD3 exhibited significantly faster dissolution rates and maintained an amorphous state that remained stable after two months of storage at 4°C. Pharmacokinetic analysis at a 20 mg/kg oral dose in rats showed that SD3 achieved the highest maximum concentration (Cmax), plasma exposure (AUC), and oral bioavailability compared to the pure drug and commercial tablets. The assessment of the oral absorption rate constant (Ka) revealed an increased Ka and intestinal permeability through this ASD, elucidating the possible mechanism behind these improvements.
Impact of Particle Size of Acyclovir Loaded Mucoadhesive Microcapsules on Drug Release Characteristics
Authors: IC Giri , AK Ramanunny
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the preparation and evaluation of prolonged-release acyclovir (ACV)-loaded mucoadhesive microcapsules using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique with sodium CMC as a mucoadhesive and rate-retarding polymer. The microcapsules exhibited a high yield (92.67–97.85%), drug entrapment efficiency (72.79–92.17%), and mucoadhesion (62–73%). Particle size ranged between 250 μm (F1) and 302 μm (F4), increasing with polymer concentration. In vitro drug release studies conducted in pH 1.2 phosphate buffer revealed an inverse relationship between polymer concentration and release rate. Smaller microcapsules (F1) demonstrated faster drug release (95% in 12 hours), while larger microcapsules (F4) showed sustained release (55% in 12 hours). These insights underscore the importance of optimizing particle size to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. This study provides valuable data for the development of tailored microcapsule formulations, improving the efficacy and compliance of ACV therapy.
Development of an Optimized Budesonide Delivery System: A Controlled-Release Approach for Targeting the Colon
Authors: B Prajapati , S Atara
Published: December 2024

This study focused on the development and optimization of a colon-targeted Budesonide tablet formulation designed for controlled release and targeted delivery to the colon. A combination of controlled-release polymers (Xanthan Gum and Hypromellose K4M) and coating polymers (Eudragit S100 and Eudragit L100) was utilized to achieve the desired drug release profile. A systematic approach using fractional and full factorial designs was employed to identify the key variables influencing drug release at specific time points. The formulation was optimized to ensure minimal premature release in the upper GIT and maximum release in the colon. In vitro dissolution studies revealed that the optimized formulation closely matched the reference-listed drug (RLD), with 18.07% release at 2 h, 42.63% at 4 h, 84.78% at 8h and 91.32% at 12 h. The similarity factor (f2) of 83 and difference factor (f1) of 3 confirmed the high level of similarity between the two formulations. The optimized formulation successfully delivered Budesonide in a controlled manner, providing a cost-effective and scalable solution for treating inflammatory bowel diseases.
Pharmacokinetic Studies and Evaluation of Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery System in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: V Chaurasia , N Arora , P Arora
Published: December 2024

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality globally. The rising incidence of cancer worldwide has presented a significant challenge to healthcare practitioners. The primary forms of cancer are associated with elevated mortality rates. Cancer therapies encompass surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy; chemotherapy remains the primary modality. For many decades, the predominant method of chemotherapy has been intravenous drug delivery, which presents disadvantages such as safety concerns, discomfort, and suboptimal patient compliance. Conversely, oral medication has numerous advantages, including ease of administration, enhanced safety, and greater patient acceptance. In this study, we have developed a unique lipid-based drug delivery system for methotrexate and paclitaxel to enhance their bioavailability and efficacy. Methotrexate and Paclitaxel had the highest accumulation in the spleen, liver, and kidney, which may facilitate enhanced drug delivery in small cell carcinoma, hence improving efficacy. Methotrexate and Paclitaxel had the highest accumulation in the spleen, liver, and kidneys, which may facilitate improved drug delivery in small cell cancer.
Optimized Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Dutasteride Delivery: Improving Therapeutic Efficiency and Minimizing Adverse Effects
Authors: AA Patil , PS Salve , JA Sawale
Published: December 2024

Dutasteride is a BCS Class II medication that is frequently employed in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. It has limited solubility and strong penetration. Nevertheless, using it frequently results in side effects like sexual dysfunction and urination problems. This work aims to decrease these side effects by developing a novel delivery system entitled Nano-Structured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) that will maintain the expulsion of dutasteride, potentially boosting their therapeutic efficiency while minimizing unwanted effects. This study details the construction of a unique NLC composition with two different variables at three levels using a design of experiments (32 factorial layouts) and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. Following the design phase, the right proportions of water, Omix, and surfactant were chosen to create several DUT-NLC formulations using the Hot Melt-Emulsification Ultrasonication Technique. Among the techniques used to evaluate the formulations were analyses of particle sizes, zeta potency measurement, polydispersity index (PDI) assessment, the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differentiation scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), release kinetics, as stability testing, and in vitro cytotoxicity analysis. The design, advancement, & characterization of a novel NLC composition are described in this paper. 7% (Omix) and 20% (Surfactant concentration) were the optimized batch parameters, resulting in an 81% mean Percentage EE, a zeta potential value of -37.5 MV, and an average particle size of 109.3 nanometers. Further in vitro cytotoxicity tests employing PC3 cell lines showed that the created system was more efficient because IC50 values in DUT-NLCS treated cells were lower than in pure drug-treated cells. The experiment revealed that surfactant (Omix) and water phases had a significant effect on the physicochemical features of NLCs. Based on the results of an in vitro cytotoxicity research (MTT Assay), it appears that the suggested formulation has a higher cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. With notable anticancer benefits and long-term release, DUT-NLCs show great promise for a drug delivery technology that may lessen systemic adverse effects in clinical circumstances when DUT dosages are lower.
Evaluation of Wound Healing Potential of Zizyphus jujuba in Rats
Authors: MR Tendulkar , CH Gadgoli , S Patil . , S Bhadange .
Published: December 2024

The healing potential of a topically applied extract derived from the bark of Ziziphus jujuba was assessed using both incision and excision wound models in albino rats over 20 days. For this study, the rats were categorized into four distinct groups, each group receiving ongoing treatment with 0.5%, 1%, and methanolic extract of Ziziphus jujuba, applied at a dosage of mg/cm2. The test duration encompassed 20 days, during which the diameter of the wounds was measured on days 0, 8, 12, 16, and 20th. Additionally, biopsies were collected from two rats within each group. The findings of the study highlighted that the administration of the lower-dose group of methanolic extract of Ziziphus jujuba (E1 0.5% w/w) was associated with a significant (p lower than 0.01) reduction in wound area. Moreover, the histopathological assessment also corroborated this observation. Notably, during the second and third weeks of the study, the tissues exhibited significant (p lower than 0.01) improvement in comparison to most other groups. Interestingly, the group treated with a higher dose of the methanolic extract of Ziziphus jujuba (E2 1% w/w) displayed the most substantial wound shrinkage and organization. This suggests that the application of the higher extract concentration led to more pronounced wound contraction and enhanced tissue organization.
Latest Advancements on Gastro Floating Bi-Layer Tablets of Metformin and Pioglitazone for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: K Vijay , PS Naruka
Published: December 2024

The synergistic mode of action of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PG) and metformin hydrochloride (MH) has great potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because of their complementary modes of action, metformin hydrochloride (MH) and pioglitazone hydrochloride (PG) have great potential for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Short half-life and the low absorption of metformin hydrochloride in lower gastrointestinal tract might restrict the action towards its expected therapeutic usefulness. This work aimed to create gastro-floating bilayer matrix tablets that would each contain two different drugs. The primary objective was to improve the absorption of pioglitazone hydrochloride through rapid release, while ensuring a sustained release of metformin hydrochloride. After optimisation, with a floating lag time of five minutes, the tablets floated in the testing medium for over twenty-four hours. They allowed the active substance to be released within 12 hours using a diffusion-dependent release mechanism with total release of the active substance being achieved within 5 minutes. Furthermore, it was viewed that, metformin hydrochloride yielded a stable plasma concentration, bio-availability increased by 1.5 times, Cmax decrease and Tmax was reduced. Furthermore, pioglitazone hydrochloride's in vivo behaviour matched that of the approved product. In addition to having improved mechanical and physical qualities, all formulations had a pleasing appearance. Stability testing and infrared spectroscopy analysis were done on the formulation, and the results showed that it produced the best results in terms of drug release and duration of buoyancy in vitro. The findings suggest that the medication and polymer did not interact chemically and that the formulation remained stable. The study finds that by achieving simultaneous sustained release of metformin hydrochloride with enhanced absorption and immediate release of pioglitazone hydrochloride, a gastro-floating bilayer tablet facilitated a more effective combination therapy for diabetes mellitus. The benefits of combining pioglitazone and metformin into a single tablet are reviewed in this review, with particular attention paid to how this combination may improve glycemic control, compliance, metabolic characteristics of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effect of Epanutin in Controlling fits in Paediatric Patients with Posterior Fossa Ependymoma
Authors: El-Beltagy Mohamed , Abu-Baih Mohamed H. , El-Sawy Medhat M. , Moawad Ahmed M. , Nanous Waleed Z.
Published: December 2024

Aim: The purpose of this study is to discuss efficacy of epanutin in controlling fits in patients with posterios fossa
ependymoma in paediatric patients and the surgical removal of posterior fossa ependymoma tumour, focusing on the
extent of the surgery and the resulting outcomes.
Materials And Methods: From January 2022 to December 2023, a total of 10 children diagnosed with fourth ventricular
ependymoma underwent surgery using the telovelar technique. An assessment was conducted to determine the extent of
radicality, neurological result, comorbidities, and survival rates. A statistical analysis was conducted to assess the
ameliorative impact of epanutin in controlling convulsions in patients with posterios fossa ependymoma in paediatric
patients.
Results: Complete excision of the tumor was successfully accomplished in 8 individuals, representing 80% of the total.
Every patient necessitated the diversion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by means of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. One
patient (10%) experienced cerebellar mutism, one patient (10%) experienced bulbar paralysis (lower cranial nerve palsy),
and 3 patients (30%) exhibited tumor recurrence. Subtotal resection (p=0.020) and anaplastic ependymoma (p=0.038)
were shown to be linked with a poor prognosis, as indicated by overall and progression-free survival rates. Moreover,
twelve patients showed convulsions in postoperative period and epanutin was used in these patients and controlled fits in
75% of these patients.
Conclusion: The telovelar technique offers a sufficient anatomical view of the fourth ventricle and enables early
observation and safeguarding of its floor (brainstem). It promotes sufficient thoroughness and is linked to a reduced
occurrence of cerebellar mutism and other issues related to the method. Removing the posterior arch of the atlas can
enhance the working angle, especially towards the front section of the fourth ventricle. Epanutin is effective in
controlling convulsions in patients with posterior fossa ependymoma.
Preliminary, Phytochemical and Pharmacognostic Studies and Determination of Antioxidant Property of Trichosathese dioica: A Miraculous Herb
Authors: Sharma Sarika , Sharma Anshu
Published: December 2024

In this study we have examined phytochemical, pharmacognostic screening and determined antioxidant property of
Trichosanthese dioica (T.dioica) leaf as well as fruits. We have found T.dioica showing many active phytoconstituents like
alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, triterpenes, flavonoids, proteins and oils etc.. Individually
physicochemical parameters were determined for leaf and for fruit like total Ash value were found to be 11.21 for leaf and
10.33 for fruit, acid insoluble ash value 1.47 and 2.01, water soluble ash value 4.40 and 5.54, loss of drying 20.11 and
18.29 extractive value 10.35 (ether) and 12.00, extractive value 8.25 (water) and 10.20, alcohol soluble extractive value
were to be 11.06 and 14.41. The Rf value were calculated and values were 0.25 and 0.34. Based on result obtained from
the investigation, maximum DPPH free radical scavenging property was shown at the concentration of 100 µg/ml that was
63.08% for leaf and 67.18% for fruit.
Epidemiology of ocular trauma
Authors: Kundan Shimpa , Sharma Akshita , Sahu Pramod Kumar , Das Gopal Krushna , Jatab Amar Singh , Aamir Prince Abu
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of ocular trauma seen in a tertiary care hospital.

Material and Methods:

The ophthalmology and emergency department in a tertiary care hospital were the sites of this prospective cross-sectional research that ran from July to December of 2023. Trauma was categorized using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System after a thorough history of trauma and ocular examination. Age, sex, injury mechanism, injury type, and treatment were the variables used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Among the 477 patients, the age group of 21–30 years old constituted 30% of the patient population. Three hundred and thirty-six patients were male (70%) and the rest were female. Right eye (49%) and left eye (50%) were equally involved and the remaining 1% was with both eyes. Most commonly closed globe injuries (88%) were seen among which lid laceration (14%), ecchymosis (12%), and subconjunctival hemorrhage (7%) were common. Mechanism of injury commonly causing ocular trauma was road traffic accidents (33%). Most of the patients were non-surgical involving lid suturing (21%) and medical management. About 17% of cases needed surgical repair.

Conclusion:

This study focuses on epidemiology of ocular trauma. Accidents using motor vehicles were the leading cause of eye injuries. Increasing general awareness and preventing delay in treatment can overcome visual morbidity and thus reduce incidence of permanent visual disability.
Analysis of the Effect of Bagasse Addition on Compressive Strength, Porosity, and Permeability of Pervious Concrete as Material for Green Building Program
Authors: Harmiyati  , Al Ihsyan Nurman , Syahputri Devi
Published: December 2024

Pervious concrete is still not widely used in construction work because it has shortcomings in terms of compressive strength, The researcher tried to increase the percentage of aggregate from wasted materials in the form of bagasse and if the compressive strength of pervious concrete with additional bagasse material has a standard compressive strength of 12 MPa can be applied as parking areas, light-traffic roadways, and sidewalks while maintaining its permeability properties to reduce surface water runoff in construction. Because of these advantages, pervious concrete is often used as a supporting material for Green Building programs in the world.
This research method was carried out based on the standardization of SNI 7656-2012 and ACI 522R-10 for testing compressive strength, porosity, and permeability to pervious concrete in the form of cylinders measuring 15 x 30 cm, with variations in the addition of dry bagasse of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight of cement.
The results of the average compressive strength of pervious concrete at the age of 28 days with a total of 3 samples for variations of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% are 12.4 MPa, 14.1 MPa, 16.5 MPa, and 18.9 MPa respectively and are in accordance with the ACI 522R-10 standard. The average porosity results of pervious concrete with a total of 3 samples for variations of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% are 23.5%, 20.6%, 19.5%, and 17.4%, respectively. The average permeability results of pervious concrete with a total of 3 samples for 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% variations are 0.46 cm/sec, 0.33 cm/sec, 0.27 cm/sec, and 0.20 cm/sec, respectively. Therefore, the pervious concrete in this study uses environmentally friendly materials that comply with the first category of water conversion and the second category of material sources and cycles in the Greenship New Building assessment by GBCI.