bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Divalent Cations in HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenicity
Authors: Khan Nabab , Chen Xuesong , Geiger Jonathan D.
Published: April 2020

Divalent cations are essential for life and are fundamentally important coordinators of cellular metabolism, cell growth, host-pathogen interactions, and cell death. Specifically, for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), divalent cations are required for interactions between viral and host factors that govern HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity. Homeostatic regulation of divalent cations’ levels and actions appear to change as HIV-1 infection progresses and as changes occur between HIV-1 and the host. In people living with HIV-1, dietary supplementation with divalent cations may increase HIV-1 replication, whereas cation chelation may suppress HIV-1 replication and decrease disease progression. Here, we review literature on the roles of zinc (Zn2+), iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), magnesium (Mg2+), selenium (Se2+), and copper (Cu2+) in HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity, as well as evidence that divalent cation levels and actions may be targeted therapeutically in people living with HIV-1.
Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains from Cases of Neonatal Diarrhea in Spanish Pig Farms
Authors: Vidal Anna , Aguirre Laia , Seminati Chiara , Tello Montse , Redondo Noelia , Martín Marga , Darwich Laila
Published: April 2020

Escherichia coli is considered one of the most common agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in piglets. The aim of this work was to characterize the pathogenic and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of 122 E. coli strains isolated from pigs suffering diarrhea (n = 94) and pigs without diarrhea (n = 28) of 24 farms in Spain. Virulence factors, toxins and AMR (ESBL and colistin) genes and AMR phenotypes of E. coli isolates were analyzed. Low prevalence of pathogenic E. coli strains (26%) was found in both groups. However, ETEC and VTEC strains were more frequently isolated from diarrheic piglets. Irrespectively of diarrhea occurrence, 97.5% of the strains showed a multidrug-resistance (MDR) profile to aminopenicillins, sulfonamides and tetracyclines. It was found that 22% of E. coli was CTX-M+, with CTX-M-14 being the principal allelic variant. Remarkably, 81.5% of CTX-M+ strains were isolated from diarrheic animals and presented an extended MDR profile to aminopenicillins, quinolones and aminoglycosides. Finally, low frequencies of colistin resistance genes mcr-1 (4/122) and mcr-4 (1/122) were found. MDR E. coli strains are circulating in pig farms of Spain, representing a serious threat to animal and public health. More appropriate diagnostic approaches (genetic and AMR phenotypic analysis) should be implemented in animal health to optimize antibiotic treatments.
Classificação e caracterização de solos por meio de saberes tradicionais dos colonos do açude de Jaramataia – Alagoas
Authors: PEREIRA Jackson Belo , FARIAS Cláudio José Godoi Silva de , SILVA José Wellington Lima da , SANTANA Julliana Rocha , OLIVEIRA Matteus Freitas de
Published: April 2020

A etnopedologia considera saberes e fazeres gerados e transmitidos de geração a geração em comunidades tradicionais, relacionados aos valores simbólicos atribuídos aos solos. Mesmo que a vida do pescador seja associada à água, o Povoado São Pedro, do município de Jaramataia-Alagoas, também desenvolve atividades ligadas à terra, como plantio, criatório de animais, abertura de pastos, o próprio morar/habitar e o desenrolar do cotidiano, ancorados na síntese dialética entre terra e água. Esse trabalho objetivou compreender como a comunidade de pescadores constrói sua chave de identificação dos solos, elencando características quanto à produtividade, tonalidade, profundidade, altitude e usos diversos. Esses saberes podem subsidiar processos de planejamento e definições de políticas públicas para o uso sustentável dos solos do território pesqueiro. Metodologicamente, realizamos o levantamento bibliográfico sobre a etnopedologia com enfoque em comunidades tradicionais e suas cosmovisões sobre as tipologias de solo. Para obter a informação dessa variação realizamos a aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada associada à geoetnografia buscando compreender a relação entre o pescador e o seu solo, observando suas características e usos edáficos, pecuários e simbólicos.
L’histoire des activités agricoles et des paysages révélée par un outil en plein essor : l’ADN sédimentaire lacustre
Authors: Giguet-Covex Charline , Poulenard Jerôme , Gielly Ludovic , Bajard Manon , Fouinat Laurent , Ficetola Gentile-Francesco , David Fernand , Pansu Johan , Walsh Kevin , Mocci Florence , Taberlet Pierre , Choler Philippe , Arnaud Fabien
Published: April 2020

Here we present the results from a bourgeoning tool, the analyses of lake sediment DNA applied to the reconstruction of agriculture and landscape histories (plant and mammal DNA) in the French Alps. As the tool is pioneer, the first part of the manuscript is focused on the study of the conditions to archive the DNA in lake sediments and on the reliability of the data. Results suggest that lakes submitted to high detrital inputs are more favourable to the record of DNA coming from the catchment. Moreover, we show that DNA and pollen analyses are complementary. Combining these two approaches, we can distinguish the local from the more regional landscape evolution. The reconstruction of local landscapes and the access to the composition of livestock farming are the main advantages of the lake sediment DNA tool. With this innovative tool, we can reconstruct a detailed picture of the alpine agriculture dynamic in space and time, as well as study their effects on the environment.
Le monitoring énergétique pour les systèmes d’acquisition en milieu naturel difficile
Authors: Darras Lionel , MARISCAL Armand
Published: April 2020

Des systèmes d’acquisition autonomes sont régulièrement utilisés en milieu naturel difficile. En complément à l’acquisition scientifique, il est courant d’enregistrer la tension de la batterie pour suivre quotidiennement l’état de celle-ci. Il s’agit d’un monitoring énergétique minimal, mais est-ce suffisant ? Est-ce que ces mesures quotidiennes suffisent à détecter et à comprendre une quelconque anomalie du système ? Ne serait-il pas intéressant de mesurer plus fréquemment les tensions et également les courants de charge des batteries ou de consommation des systèmes ? Pour répondre à cette question, entre 2011 et 2014, un monitoring énergétique a été mis en place sur des sites de haute et moyenne montagne dans le cadre de divers projets de suivi de mouvements de terrain du laboratoire ISTerre.
Instrumentation thermique et cinématique des parois à permafrost du massif du Mont Blanc
Authors: Ravanel Ludovic , Malet Emmanuel , Duvillard Pierre-Alain , Magnin Florence , Deline Philip , Guillet Grégoire , Troilo Fabrizio , Pogliotti Paolo , Morra di Cella Umberto , Beutel Jan , Gruber Stephan
Published: April 2020

Unlike the superficial deposits in which the presence of permafrost is indicated by geomorphological evidences, its occurrence in the rock walls can only be suggested by the existence of perennial ice sheets or hanging glaciers. Everywhere else, only indirect (geophysics) or direct temperature measurements make it possible to verify its presence. In these rock walls, permafrost and its degradation due to global warming are at the origin of rock falls and rock avalanches with a devastating power. In order to know the state and the thermal evolution of the rock walls, to parameterize or validate the permafrost distribution models, or to survey the kinematics of the fractures in the bedrock, it is necessary to monitor these rock walls. This article presents the methods of instrumentation and the equipment used for more than 10 years in the Mont Blanc massif as well as the associated research questions.
Suivis par GPS et webcam de glaciers rocheux à mouvement rapide
Authors: Delavoye Reynald , Lambiel Christophe
Published: April 2020

An observation based on GPS survey and visualization by webcam, possibly completed by other approaches, has been implemented for several years for the monitoring of rapidly moving rock glaciers presenting a potential of partial collapse or quickly refilling in sediments an underlying torrential channel. The article describes technical and practical aspects, but in particular the environmental constraints which have to be faced.
Dix ans de balises d’ablation sur le glacier d’Estelette (massif du Mont Blanc) pour étudier la dynamique de sa couverture détritique
Authors: Deline Philip , Kirkbride Martin P.
Published: April 2020

Une étude de la formation et du développement d’une couverture détritique supraglaciaire et des facteurs qui les contrôlent a été menée sur le glacier d’Estelette pendant une décennie. Combiné à plusieurs autres méthodes, le maintien d’un réseau de balises a permis la mesure annuelle de l’ablation et, par dGPS, de la vitesse superficielle du glacier. Cet article décrit le matériel utilisé, les conditions de mise en place des balises, l’évolution du réseau et l’usage des données qui en a été fait.
Instrumentation hydrologique et météorologique en milieu glaciaire alpin. Application au glacier du Baounet (Savoie)
Authors: Jobard Sylvain
Published: April 2020

Glaciers are usually studied by annual mass balance measurements. The detailed values of the mass balance during the year are generally unknown, in particular the variations in the intensity of the summer ablation. To complete the glaciological approach, the monitoring station of the Baounet glacier (Haute-Maurienne, Savoie, France) was installed in 2002 with the objective of monitoring changes in hydrological and meteorological parameters at high temporal resolution. The technical and environmental constraints are strong with difficult access and climatic conditions of high glacial mountain. The difficulties and the methods used are exposed, from the infrastructure of the station, to the evolutions of the sensors over time.
Instrumentation hydrométéorologique spatialisée sur le bassin versant du Vorz (massif de Belledonne)
Authors: Barth Thierry , Malet Emmanuel , Saulnier Georges-Marie
Published: April 2020

Le bassin versant du Vorz, dans le massif de Belledonne, a connu de crues conséquentes, notamment en août 2005. Ces crues ont mis en évidence la nécessité de mieux comprendre ce bassin et son fonctionnement hydrométéorologique. Ainsi, un programme d’instrumentation a été mis en place sur ce bassin de montagne d’une surface de 18 km ² (entre 760 et 2 977 m) et présentant des caractéristiques nivales marquées. Le protocole avait pour objectif d’étudier la faisabilité d’une instrumentation spatialisée à coût raisonné des différentes variables hydrométéorologiques indispensables pour bien modéliser le cycle de l’eau, c’est-à-dire les températures, précipitations, ensoleillement, gradients orographiques et thermiques ou encore l’évolution de l’enneigement. Ce réseau, installé entre 2009 et 2011, a montré qu’il permettait de recueillir l’essentiel des données nécessaires à alimenter et contraindre les modèles d’enneigement et de fonte liés aux modèles hydrologiques, permettant l’étude et la prévision des crues (fonte et orage), ainsi que les gestions des ressources en eau et la conciliation des usages, en particulier dans l’optique des évolutions climatiques actuelles.
Dynamique géomorphologique des torrents. Intérêt de l’emploi des appareils photographiques automatiques
Authors: Piton Guillaume , Berthet Johan , Bel Coraline , Fontaine Firmin , Bellot Hervé , Malet Emmanuel , Astrade Laurent , Liebault Frédéric , Recking Alain , Juppet Marie , Royer Kristian
Published: April 2020

Our knowledge on floods magnitude and frequency in steep slope streams is insufficient for an optimal natural hazards management. Images taken by automatic cameras enhance our knowledge on torrential processes and dynamics. The cameras’ automatization is required in mountain streams due to the processes’ flashiness ; this in a hostile environment. This paper reviews our experience of the equipment of nine alpine torrents with various cameras. The adaptations related to the torrential context are described, as well as some recommendations from our tests and trials. Some new elements of knowledge brought from the images are pointed out. In conclusion, such observation systems will, in our opinion, grow in number in the future for operational and scientific purposes.
Suivi automatisé des crues à fort transport solide dans les torrents. Stratégie de mesure et potentiel des données collectées
Authors: Fontaine Firmin , Bel Coraline , Bellot Hervé , Piton Guillaume , Liebault Frédéric , Juppet Marie , Royer Kristian
Published: April 2020

In urbanized mountainous regions, torrent-related hazards may engender substantial risks. In-situ measurement, by means of monitoring station, makes it possible to (i) detect event occurrence and (ii) improve the current understanding of such phenomena. However, torrent monitoring is constrained by harsh operating conditions. This paper aims at highlighting the benefits of such an approach, the adopted measurement strategy, and the potential of collected data set for both operational and research purposes.
La mesure du charriage par acoustique passive en rivière
Authors: Geay Thomas , Oustrière Pierre , Zanker Sébastien
Published: April 2020

Bedload monitoring can be achieved using passive acoustics. This surrogate method consists in listening to bedload particles that are moving on the river bed and enables a continuous monitoring of bedload transport in gravel bed rivers. The type of equipment that has been used in the field is here presented.
Suivi du transport particulaire en contexte karstique. Méthode et application
Authors: Fournier Matthieu , Viennet David , Massei Nicolas , Dupont Jean-Paul
Published: April 2020

Les aquifères karstiques sont des milieux hétérogènes complexes dont les conditions d’écoulement sont très variables dans l’espace et dans le temps. Le transfert particulaire au sein de ces aquifères nous renseigne sur les propriétés de transport et constitue un témoin de l’hydrodynamisme souterrain. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter des méthodes de suivi du transport particulaire et leurs difficultés. Des applications à l’identification des modalités de transfert et des paramètres forçants sont présentées. Les perspectives d’un nouveau suivi «source to sink » par morphogranulométrie sont abordées.
Situational and game technologies of training in students’ professional competence development
Authors: Vaganova Olga I. , Egortseva Natalya A. , Yavorskiy Yaroslav K. , Zotova Irina V. , Bulaeva Marina N.
Published: April 2020

The transition from traditional educational paradigm to competence one has marked new ways of higher educational institutions development. The implementation of modern Federal state educational standards requirements has determined the need to use modern specialist methods in training that develop students’ competence and the ability to carry out highly qualified professional activities. Higher education institutions face the task of implementing technologies that contribute to the development of practical orientation of students, their independence in this process. The purpose of the article is to reveal the experience of using situational-game technologies of training, as one of the most practice-oriented, aimed at activating students’ students, contributing to professional competence development. The concept of "technology" came to education from the sphere of production. Technologization implies a clear subordination to a certain algorithm of actions, so the technology allows you to achieve specific results in the allotted amount of time. In the field of professional education, technology has changed, but its meaning remains the same-the regulation of the activities of the subjects of the educational process to achieve the planned goals. The article defines the essence of educational technologies in the training of University students, reveals the features of their application, the role and advantages of situational and game technologies of training in the conditions of implementation of the competence approach. The research given in this article shows the importance of game educational technologies and the prospects of their use in the training a highly qualified, creative specialist who can quickly solve professional problems in non-standard ways.
Problems of legality of investigative actions aimed at finding evidence
Authors: Volodymyr Lysenko , Yurchyshyn Vasyl , Shybiko Vasyl
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the problems of establishing the guilt of a person in the offense committed by means of pre-trial investigation by investigators, prosecutors and other persons authorized to do so, as well as establishing the lawfulness of such procedural actions. According to the purpose, it is substantiated that the investigative review is a visual inspection by the authorized persons of the object with the purpose of revealing the traces of the crime, the objects related to its commission, as well as the information about the fact and mechanism of its commission reflected in the features of this object and other circumstances relevant to the proceedings. It is established that the factual basis for the review is primarily data that indicate the possibility of detecting on the body of the person traces of the offense or special signs. Its special procedural basis is the motivated decision of the prosecutor. Procedural actions such as corpse exhumation, investigative experiment and forensic examination have been considered and analyzed. In the process of researching the topic, the authors conclude that in Ukraine the legality and objectivity of investigative actions needs to be more clearly enshrined in law. In particular, the authors propose an additional list of objects of the investigative review and the definition of the investigative examination, the separation of the actual grounds for conducting the examination, the approval of the provisions on the mandatory participation of those understood during the exhumation of the corpse as the investigator, the definition and actual reasons for conducting the investigative experiment as an action, the purpose of which is the experimental verification or refinement of factual data obtained in the course of the investigation, as well as the determination and factual basis of the conduct and appointment of forensic expertise.
Marginal behaviour as a factor of the commission of an offence
Authors: Tymoshenko Vira , Shakun Vasyl , Makarenko Larysa , Galiy Maryna
Published: April 2020

The findings of the study make it possible to predict further directions of preventing the marginalization of society and marginal behaviour. Marginal behaviour is a type of behavior, based on personal selfish calculations of the bearer of deformed legal consciousness, fear of punishment, condemnation and desire to escape responsibility. The following factors contribute to the marginalization of society: transformation processes in society, social crisis, imperfect legislation, deformation of legal consciousness, violation of human and citizen’s rights and freedoms and inability to realize their legitimate interests legally. The likelihood of marginal behavior depends substantially on one’s personal qualities. Marginal lifestyles usually predate the commission of a crime, and marginals often become criminals. The consequences of marginal behaviour can be offences, increased crime rates and the criminalization of society.
Dividend Policy of Russian Companies with State Participation as a Mechanism of Relations with the Owners
Authors: Reshetnikova Tatyana V. , Reshetnikov Alexey I. , Tatiannikov Vasilii A.
Published: April 2020

The formation and implementation of the dividend policy of Russian companies with state participation differ from the policies pursued by the public and non-public joint-stock companies owned by private investors. The state, being a special shareholder, affects the dividend policy from the position of the owner and the regulator, who has the ability to set certain restrictions and rules for companies that are not in the power of other categories of shareholders. Systemic risks and the uncertainty of the development of the Russian economy objectively require an in-depth study of the regulation of dividend policy in public companies with state participation. It is generally accepted that with a decrease in the number of dividends paid to owners of ordinary shares, the weighted average cost of capital becomes lower, while at the same time the financial performance of a business and the amount of retained earnings become higher. Therefore, the company's dividend policy is an important element of financial management and relations with the owners. The question of the importance of dividend policy for public companies with state participation is the most controversial and little studied today. The price of shares, the structure of equity capital, and the need to attract borrowed capital are directly dependent on the size of dividends. However, the payment of dividends reduces the amount of profit that can be reinvested in the development of the company, so the impact of dividend policy on the financial condition of the company is ambiguous. In this regard, it seems relevant to improve the dividend policy of public companies with state participation through solving the problems existing in them.
Public Policy in the Sphere of Activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine: Approaches to Determining the Essence and Content
Authors: Tsyhanov Oleh , Chumachenko Igor , Panova Iryna , Golub Mykola
Published: April 2020

The aim of the article is to define a modern interpretation of the categories "public policy" and "the sphere of activity of bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs", as well as the essence and content of public policy of Ukraine in this field. To achieve this goal, general scientific and special methods of cognition are used, namely: methods of analysis, synthesis, structural and functional, hermeneutics, comparison, special legal and some others.

It is emphasized that public policy should be considered in two notions: 1) as the established course (state) of development of the State and society; 2) as a type of public activity (process) regarding the formulation of public policy (political process) and its implementation (executive activity). The focus of the study is on the social relations that arise in the course of activities of the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are relatively close, similar, and related in their nature. Therefore, objectively existing link between these social relations and their specificity require the integration of these relations into one domain. In the current context, public policy in the sphere of activity of bodies of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is proposed to consider as the purposeful and organizational activity of specially authorized public bodies and representatives of civil society in determining strategic goals, targets, forms and means of their achievement in the field of law enforcement activity. It should be emphasized that this law-enforcement activity is directly related to providing improvement of safe living environment as a basis for internal security in Ukraine, the formation of a modern system of internal security as a deterrent to the aggressor country, as well as the implementation of effective integrated border management and balanced migration policy in Ukraine.
The program for the formation of physical education of students at the Pedagogical University
Authors: Nagovitsyn Roman Sergeevich , Osipov Aleksander Yurievich , Kudryavtsev Mikhail Dmitrievich , Ryabinina Svetlana Yurievna , Galimova Alena Gennadyevna , Zemba Elena Adamovna
Published: April 2020

This article presents the author’s vision of the content of the formation of the student’s physical culture, which consists of three main areas: motivational, activity-related and cognitive. The purpose of the study: to develop an original program for the formation of students' physical education at a pedagogical university and experimentally prove the effectiveness of its implementation in practical activities. The scientific novelty of the author’s program is contained in its main blocks: mobile, theoretical, methodological and practical block. With the continuous impact of the innovations presented in the study by mobile technologies and traditional approaches, such as improving various teaching models, a higher level of formation of students' physical culture of the person was statistically reliably achieved. The results of the study contribute to improving the quality of education and, in general, the effectiveness of the training system for future teachers.
Reconciliation of the Parties as a Way to Solve the Criminal-Legal Conflict
Authors: Stepanenko Oksana , Stepanenko Andriy , Israielian Alik
Published: April 2020

The article explores the problem of resolving a criminal-legal conflict (which involves a person who has committed a socially dangerous act) through reconciliation. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the legal conflict requires a binding solution, as it affects the most important social values. The purpose of this article is to disclose the nature and importance of reconciliation as a way of resolving a criminal-legal conflict. The authors used an analysis method, a synthesis method, a logical method, a historical method, and a formal legal method to write this article. According to the results of the study, the authors concluded that the application of criminal liability for reconciliation of the perpetrator with the victim is effective for all parties to the criminal-legal conflict. Moreover, for the state as a party to the criminal-legal conflict, such a way of resolving, is also effective because of the fact that the achievement of the tasks of criminal responsibility with the minimum cost of resources is the restoration of the rights of the victim.
Export of Russian grain: prospects and the role of the state in its development
Authors: Zyukin Danil Alekseevich , Zhilyakov Dmitriy Ivanovich , Bolokhontseva Yulia Ivanovna , Petrushina Olga Vyacheslavovna
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the problems and issues of further development of Russian grain exports. The main export grain crop for Russia is wheat; the volume of wheat supplies to the world market exceeds 35 million tons. The study provides a list of the main geographical areas importing Russian wheat and analyzes the dynamics of changes in its supply. However, the export orientation for wheat leads to imbalances in the structure of production and regional distribution of grain crops in Russia. Grain is of fundamentally high importance for solving the problem of import substitution for the production of meat and dairy products and ensuring food security for the population of Russia; therefore, the study emphasizes the need for state management of the grain balance. In the long term, the regulation of grain exports should be reduced mainly to a system of economic measures, but at the moment, government participation is necessary as a driver in the development of production and logistics infrastructure. The complex of economic and political factors determines the diversification of wheat supplies from Russia due to the Far Eastern direction.
Prospects for increasing exports of Russian wheat to the world market
Authors: Zyukin Danil Alekseevich , Pronskaya Olga Nikolaevna , Golovin Artem Alekseevich , Belova Tatyana Valentinovna
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the development of wheat export, which is the main grain crop in the structure of production and export of Russia. The record crop of grain crops in 2017 provided a good basis for the activation of Russian grain exporters in the world market. An analysis of geographical areas by source of grain export showed that crop growth allowed Russia to become a leader, as the main North American and European competitors experienced certain difficulties that led to a reduction in their export potential. The main geographical areas in which there is an increase in demand for wheat are the countries of Africa and Asia, whose population needs a more affordable form of food, which have become the main importers for Russian wheat along with Egypt and Turkey. Russia mainly exports low-grade wheat of the 4th and 5th grade; therefore, such wheat at a lower price and relatively high level of protein content is competitive in a number of foreign markets. The key problems for the export of Russian wheat are unstable gross grain harvests in Russia, which determine the search for innovative-intensive methods of increasing the yield and its stability, and the development of transport and logistics infrastructure. It is necessary to increase port capacities due to the Baltic and Far East directions in the context of political contradictions between Russia and Turkey and expanding the geography of wheat supplies to Africa and Southeast Asia for Russia makes sense. This will not only increase the competitiveness of exports, but also create additional incentives to increase grain production in a number of regions of the country remote from the Azov-Black Sea ports.
How to improve researchers' communication, collaboration and commercialization of R&D in regions?
Authors: Maltseva Anna , Barsukova Natalya , Klyushnikova Elena , Gridchina Aleksandra , Kogotkova Irina , Brikoshina Irina
Published: April 2020

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the Russian Federation’s regions in terms of the created conditions for cooperation between research teams and the commercialization of scientists’ results of intellectual activity. The authors made an analysis of the estimated indicators, as well as the calculation of the integral index characterizing the given indicators. Case studies of the most developed regions are presented. The resulting conclusions can be the basis for the development of a regional environment that promotes scientific activity.
Industrial development under sanctions pressure: evidence from Russia
Authors: Nusratullin Ilmir , Sergeev Nikolai , Kuznetsov Maxim , Sheina Anastasia , Shubtsova Lyudmila
Published: April 2020

One of the most important sectors of the economy in Russia is industry. In this regard, the state seeks to stimulate the development of innovations in this area. Over the past few years, many industrial sectors in Russia have been in a crisis situation, which is caused by several factors: a decrease in the level of real investment, a decrease in the solvent demand of enterprises-customers and public consumers, and the introduction of financial and economic sanctions in 2014 against Russia by the United States and the European Union countries, as well as the effect of other macroeconomic factors independent of the activities of industrial enterprises. This study aims to identify the main trends in the development of industrial production in Russia in recent years, and an explanation of its causes. This topic is relevant in connection with the foregoing and may be of interest to academic economists studying industry development trends in developing countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the state of industry in Russia from 2015 to 2018 during the period of sanction pressure on the industrial and financial sectors of the Russian economy. Having examined the latest data on the results of the activity of Russian industry as a whole, one can note positive trends in the development of industrial production in Russia despite a number of negative internal and external factors. It is concluded that today, for Russia, the strategic tasks in industrial policy are reduced to overcoming technological backwardness and carrying out technological modernization of industries based on the use of innovative achievements, as well as import substitution for the sectors of the economy that are sensitive to foreign sanctions.
The Translation Peculiarities of the Ancient Ukrainian Monument «On the Campaign of Igor» by American Researchers Jack Haney and Eric Dahl
Authors: Kostikova Ilona , Вozhko Yuliia , Razumenko Tetiana , Goloborodko Evdokiya
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes some peculiar features in the English translation of the glorious Ukrainian literary monument «On the Campaign of Igor» («Slovo o polku Igoreve») by the famous American researches Jack Haney and Eric Dahl. It also considers the various publications and translations of the work in English, taking into account the Ukrainian monument translation. It is stated that in America there are very few works published by the scholars on this issue. It is connected not with the lack of interest in «On the Campaign of Igor», but it is due to the work complexity with the poem, the problems of translation, and the presence of «confusing selections», as well as unawareness of the political, economic, and everyday situation of those times. It is obvious that the American textbook «On the Campaign of Igor» is a classical scientific English-language edition containing the poem text, explanations, and key aspects. It allows American students not only to study the text of the ancient Ukrainian monument in the original language, but also learn about the historical and literary situation of those times as the Americans imagine it.
El ambiente nativo en el norte de Mendoza, redes y modos de relación desde una comprensión indígena
Authors: Mafferra Luis Eduardo
Published: April 2020

En este artículo propongo problematizar el concepto de ambiente para el estudio de las sociedades indígenas en el norte de Mendoza. Concretamente, a partir de su tratamiento desde una perspectiva relacional, busco bosquejar modalidades generales de vinculación, inherentes al ambiente y a los modos de habitar indígena. Con este objetivo, analizo antecedentes históricos, arqueológicos y etnográficos utilizando tanto las propuestas interpretativas, como las fuentes y datos allí presentados. Observo esta información siguiendo el procedimiento de re-ensamble de colectivos, razonado desde una comprensión indígena, lo que implica entender el problema por fuera de la dualidad sociedad-ambiente y más específicamente en términos de sociabilidad. Esto permite redescubrir asociaciones y modos de vinculación, así como construir problemas y perspectivas generalmente no contemplados en los trabajos históricos y arqueológicos regionales.
El paisaje social del centro de Argentina durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno (ca. 11000-9000 AP)
Authors: Rivero Diego , Heider Guillermo
Published: April 2020

Desde la perspectiva del Análisis de Redes y del Aprendizaje del Paisaje, se evalúa el registro arqueológico correspondiente a la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno del centro de Argentina (ca. 11000-9000 AP). Para ello, se analiza la circulación de materias primas líticas utilizadas para la elaboración de instrumentos, así como el uso de los recursos simbólicos organizados por medio del estilo de las puntas de proyectil. Se considera que las interrelaciones sociales poseen una importancia vital para el mantenimiento de la continuidad social y el éxito de los procesos de colonización inicial de una determinada región. En toda el área de estudio, el cuarzo es la materia prima lítica de mayor disponibilidad; sin embargo, se destaca el uso de rocas silíceas para las puntas de proyectil y algunos otros artefactos. Fuentes potenciales de estas rocas fueron identificadas en las Sierras Centrales (provincias de Córdoba y San Luis). En base a estas evidencias, y al modelo de yacencia de rocas para la región, se discuten las implicancias del uso y circulación de las materias primas líticas para definir el modo de vida y el paisaje social de los primeros pobladores durante la colonización inicial del sector central de Argentina.
New hornblende and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages in the central Rinkian fold belt, West Greenland
Authors: Sidgren Ann-Sofie , Page Laurence , Garde Adam A.
Published: April 2020

The Palaeoproterozoic Rinkian fold belt in West Greenland consists of reworked Archaean basement, mainly orthogneiss, and the unconformably overlying Palaeoproterozoic Karrat Group. Both parts were intensely deformed and metamorphosed at around 1.87 Ga, at which time the crustal anatectic Prøven igneous complex was emplaced into the northern part of the belt. Seven new hornblende and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages are presented from the central–northern parts of the Rinkian fold belt. Four 40Ar/39Ar hornblende ages ranging from 1795 ± 3 to 1782 ± 3 Ma were obtained from amphibolite and hornblendite enclaves in the Archaean orthogneiss, and two from relict dyke fragments in the latter that may be of Palaeoproterozoic age. Three 40Ar/39Ar muscovite ages of 1681 ± 6 Ma, 1686 ± 3 Ma and 1676 ± 3 Ma were obtained from samples of Karrat Group metagreywacke, andalusite schist and metasiltstone. The new 40Ar/39Ar ages, from hornblende and muscovite respectively, are very uniform and probably unrelated to local metamorphic grade and structural history, and are interpreted as regional late orogenic cooling ages. The new hornblende ages are significantly older than those previously obtained from the central and northern parts of the adjacent Nagssugtoqidian orogen to the south, and point to different uplift histories, which may suggest that the orogeny was not synchronous in the two regions.
Middle Pleistocene interglacial deposits near Herning, Jylland, Denmark
Authors: Odgaard Bent V. , Knudsen Karen L. , Bennike Ole , Granat Henrik J.
Published: April 2020

Marine interglacial deposits are fairly common and widespread in Denmark, but so far none have been reported from the Herning area in central Jylland. In 2014, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) received samples at one metre intervals from a borehole at 55°59.3´N, 8°56.6´E (elevation 27.56 m above sea level), at Hesselvigvej 7 near Kibæk in central Jylland (Fig. 1). The succession consisted of Miocene and Quaternary deposits. The Quaternary part was dominated by glaciofluvial sand and a single till bed, but it also contained a marine clay unit (16–21 m depth, 6.5–11.5 m a.s.l.). This marine clay contained spines of the sea-urchin Echinocardium cordatum, a boreal species known from Eemian and Holocene deposits from Denmark, but unknown from interstadial deposits. A lacustrine unit between 26 and 33 m depth (5.5 m b.s.l. to 1.5 m a.s.l.) consisted of clay, calcareous-rich gyttja and diatomite. Because Quaternary marine deposits are unexpected in this part of Denmark, we report here on analyses of pollen from the lacustrine unit and foraminifera from the marine unit, and we compare these with some interglacial records from Jylland.
Identification of hydrocarbons in chalk reservoirs from surface seismic data: South Arne field, North Sea
Authors: Japsen Peter , Bruun Anders , Fabricius Ida L. , Mavko Gary
Published: April 2020

Seismic data are mainly used to map out structures in the subsurface, but are also increasingly used to detect differences in porosity and in the fluids that occupy the pore space in sedimentary rocks. Hydrocarbons are generally lighter than brine, and the bulk density and sonic velocity (speed of pressure waves or P-wave velocity) of hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary rocks are therefore reduced compared to non-reservoir rocks. However, sound is transmitted in different wave forms through the rock, and the shear velocity (speed of shear waves or S-wave velocity) is hardly affected by the density of the pore fluid. In order to detect the presence of hydrocarbons from seismic data, it is thus necessary to investigate how porosity and pore fluids affect the acoustic properties of a sedimentary rock. Much previous research has focused on describing such effects in sandstone (see Mavko et al. 1998), and only in recent years have corresponding studies on the rock physics of chalk appeared (e.g. Walls et al. 1998; Røgen 2002; Fabricius 2003; Gommesen 2003; Japsen et al. 2004). In the North Sea, chalk of the Danian Ekofisk Formation and the Maastrichtian Tor Formation are important reservoir rocks. More information could no doubt be extracted from seismic data if the fundamental physical properties of chalk were better understood. The presence of gas in chalk is known to cause a phase reversal in the seismic signal (Megson 1992), but the presence of oil in chalk has only recently been demonstrated to have an effect on surface seismic data (Japsen et al. 2004). The need for a better link between chalk reservoir parameters and geophysical observations has, however, strongly increased since the discovery of the Halfdan field proved major reserves outside four-way dip closures (Jacobsen et al. 1999; Vejbæk & Kristensen 2000).
New methods in provenance studies based on heavy minerals: an example from Miocene sands in Jylland, Denmark
Authors: Knudsen Christian , Frei Dirk , Rasmussen Thomas , Rasmussen Erik S. , McLimans Roger
Published: April 2020

New techniques using Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) and Laser Ablation – Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) have recently been developed at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) to determine source, compositional variation and sedimentary pathways of sandstones. These new time- and cost-efficient methods are highly applicable in petroleum and mineral exploration. This paper illustrates how the provenance and variability of Miocene titanium-rich sands in western and central Jylland have been investigated, but the methods are presently also used offshore the Faroe Islands and in East and West Greenland. CCSEM and LA-ICP-MS utilise simple sample preparation methods, are relatively rapid and less expensive than conventional methods and yield more information.
Field experimental design for pesticide leaching – a modified large-scale lysimeter
Authors: Nilsson Bertel , Aamand Jens , Jacobsen Ole Stig , Juhler René K.
Published: April 2020

Recent research on Danish groundwater has focused on clarifying the fate and transport of pesticides that leach through clayey till aquitards with low matrix permeability. Previously, these aquitards were considered as protective layers against contamination of underlying groundwater aquifers due to their low permeability characteristics. However, geological heterogeneities such as fractures and macropores have been recognised as preferential flow paths within low permeable clayey till (e.g. Beven & Germann 1982). The flow velocities within these preferential flow paths can be orders of magnitude higher than in the surrounding clay matrix and pose a major risk of transport of contaminants to the underlying aquifers (e.g. Nilsson et al. 2001). Previous studies of transport in fractured clayey till have focused on fully saturated conditions (e.g. Sidle et al. 1998; McKay et al. 1999). However, seasonal fluctuations of the groundwater table typically result in unsaturated conditions in the upper few metres of the clay deposits, resulting in different flow and transport conditions. Only a few experiments have examined the influence of unsaturated conditions on flow and solute (the dissolved inorganic and organic constituents) transport in fractured clayey till. These include small-scale laboratory column experiments on undisturbed soil monoliths (e.g. Jacobsen et al. 1997; Jørgensen et al. 1998), intermediate scale lysimeters (e.g. Fomsgaard et al. 2003) and field-scale tile drain experiments (e.g. Kjær et al. 2005). The different approaches each have limitations in terms of characterising flow and transport in fractured media. Laboratory studies of solute transport in soils (intact soil columns) are not exactly representative of field conditions due to variations in spatial variability and soil structure. In contrast, field studies hardly allow quantification of fluxes and mechanisms of transport. Column and lysimeter experiments are often limited in size, and tile-drain experiments on field scale do not provide spatial resolution and often have large uncertainties in mass balance calculations. Thus, in order to represent the overall natural fracture network systems on a field scale with respect to acquiring insights into flow and transport processes, the lysimeter needs to be larger than normal lysimeter size (< 1 m3). A modified large-scale lysimeter was therefore constructed by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) at the Avedøre experimental field site 15 km south of Copenhagen (Fig. 1). This lysimeter consisted of an isolated block (3.5 ×3.5 ×3.3 m) of unsaturated fractured clayey till with a volume sufficient to represent the overall preferential flow paths (natural fracture network) within lowpermeable clayey till at a field scale.
Climatic warming: a trigger for glacial iceberg surges (‘Heinrich events’) in the North Atlantic?
Authors: Kuijpers Antoon , Heinrich Hartmut , Moros Matthias
Published: April 2020

In the present-day western North Atlantic, icebergs can be observed off north-east Canada, drifting south along the coast in the cold Labrador Current. Normally they melt in the area off Newfoundland where they reach warmer waters. Most of these icebergs originate from calving glaciers in West Greenland or in the Canadian Arctic. Jakobshavn Isbræ in West Greenland (Fig. 1) deserves particular mention as it is the fastest known ice stream in the world draining 6–7% of the entire Greenland ice sheet (Joughin et al. 2004). Southward drifting icebergs also occur along the east coast of Greenland (Fig. 2), but most of these melt when they approach the southernmost tip of Greenland. The iceberg limit in the north-western Atlantic varies from year to year, but isolated icebergs may reach far south of Newfoundland (Fig. 1). Many icebergs carry a load of rock debris and soil incorporated by their parent glacier that leads to deposition of ice rafted debris on the deep ocean sea floor. In the past decade the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has initiated marine geological investigations in the North Atlantic on the late Quaternary variability of North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, with special focus on the possible link between climate change and variations in deep-water flow intensity (Kuijpers et al. 1998, 2002, 2003). Moreover, glaciological projects in Greenland undertaken by GEUS have significantly contributed to the current debate of present-day climatic warming. Notably work carried out in East Greenland fjords has provided crucial information relevant for the study of glacial iceberg surges in the North Atlantic (Reeh et al. 1999). These surges are suggested to have been triggered under the influence of extreme cold climate conditions, but the actual trigger mechanism involved has been a matter of much debate. Evidence from modern glacier process studies referred to above, combined with results of recent studies in the North Atlantic carried out by GEUS and partner institutions, has provided new insights into the possible trigger mechanism of these massive glacial iceberg surges. These new findings have great significance for the current climate debate, since they strongly suggest that ongoing ocean warming can trigger a sudden, massive break-up of ice shelves. Such processes may already be in progress in the Arctic (e.g. Vincent et al. 2004), where rapid ice-shelf disruption on the margin of the Canadian Arctic Ocean has been reported to be the result of significant warming over the past few decades. During this period intensified inflow of Atlantic water to the Eurasian sector of the Arctic has been noted. It is evident that for Antarctic ice shelves large-scale disruption and break-up may lead to significant destabilisation of the Antarctic ice sheet with the serious risk of a sudden, drastic sea-level rise.