bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypericum perforatum and Its Potential Antiplatelet Effect
Authors: Monteiro Maria-do-Céu , Dias Alberto C. P. , Costa Daniela , Almeida-Dias António , Criado Maria Begoña
Published: September 2022

Background: Hypericum perforatum (HP) is currently one of the most consumed medicinal plants in the world. In traditional Chinese medicine, the herb hypericum (Guan Ye Lian Qiao) belongs to the group of plants that clarify heat. It is also used to treat various types of infection and inflammation. In contrast to the extensive literature on the antidepressant effects of HP, little is known about its action on platelets. The main objective of this work was to investigate the possible relevance of HP to platelet function. Methods: We characterized the profile of platelet activation in the presence of HP extracts through an evaluation of molecular markers by flow cytometry: mobilization of intracellular Ca++ and expression of platelet receptors such as activated GPIIbIIIa and P-selectin (CD62). Results: The results indicated a possible inhibitory effect of HP on the platelet activation response, which could be explained by the effect on intracellular calcium mobilization and the expression of activated GPIIbIIIa receptors. Despite of the limitations of an in vitro study, our results provide evidence of the possible mechanisms of action of HP. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to elucidate the effect of HP on hemostasis, but it may be recognized as a substance with antiplatelet properties.
The Neglected Factor in the Relationship between Executive Functioning and Obesity: The Role of Motor Control
Authors: La Marra Marco , Messina Antonietta , Ilardi Ciro Rosario , Verde Giuseppe , Amato Raffaella , Esposito Nadia , Troise Simona , Orlando Antonella , Messina Giovanni , Monda Vincenzo , Di Maio Girolamo , Villano Ines
Published: September 2022

Background: The association between obesity and executive functions (EFs) is highly controversial. It has been suggested that waist circumference (WC), compared to body mass index (BMI), is a better indicator of fat mass and EFs in obesity. Moreover, according to the viewpoint that the brain’s functional architecture meets the need for interactive behavior, we hypothesize that the relationship between EFs and body weight might be mediated by the motor performance. Methods: General executive functioning (frontal assessment battery-15), additional cognitive subdomains (trail making test and digit span backward), and motor performance (finger tapping task) were assessed in a sample that included 330 volunteers (192 females, M age = 45.98 years, SD = 17.70, range = 18–86 years). Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the FAB15 score and FTT negatively predicted WC but not BMI. A subsequent mediation analysis highlighted that the indirect effect of FAB15 on WC through finger tapping was statistically significant. Conclusions: Our results suggest that WC, as compared to BMI, is a more effective measure for studying the association between EFs and body weight. Still, we found that the motor domain partially mediates the dynamics of such a relationship.
An Automated Algorithm for Determining Sleep Using Single-Channel Electroencephalography to Detect Delirium: A Prospective Observational Study in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Matsui Kentaro , Sato Nobuo , Idei Masafumi , Arakida Masako , Seino Yusuke , Ishikawa Jun-ya , Nakagawa Masashi , Akaho Rie , Nishimura Katsuji , Nomura Takeshi
Published: September 2022

The relationship between polysomnography-based objective sleep and delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) is inconsistent across studies, suggesting limitations in manually determining the sleep stage of critically ill patients. We objectively measured 24-h sleep using a single-channel electroencephalogram (SleepScope [SS]) and an under-mattress sleep monitor (Nemuri SCAN [NSCAN]), both of which have independent algorithms that automatically determine sleep and wakefulness. Eighteen patients (median age, 68 years) admitted to the ICU after valvular surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting were included, and their sleep time was measured one day after extubation. The median total sleep times (TSTs) measured by SS (TST-SS) and NSCAN were 548 (48–1050) and 1024 (462–1257) min, respectively. Two patients with delirium during the 24-h sleep measurement had very short TST-SS of 48 and 125 min, and the percentage of daytime sleep accounted for >80% in both SS and NSCAN. This preliminary case series showed marked sleep deprivation and increased rates of daytime sleeping in ICU patients with delirium. Although data accuracy from under-mattress sleep monitors is contentious, automated algorithmic sleep/wakefulness determination using a single-channel electroencephalogram may be useful in detecting delirium in ICU patients and could even be superior to polysomnography.
An Immersive Human-Robot Interactive Game Framework Based on Deep Learning for Children’s Concentration Training
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Yangguang , Gao Xiao-Zhi , Zhang Xiaomin
Published: September 2022

In order to alleviate bottlenecks such as the lack of professional teachers, inattention during training processes, and low effectiveness in concentration training, we have proposed an immersive human–robot interactive (HRI) game framework based on deep learning for children’s concentration training and demonstrated its use through human–robot interactive games based on gesture recognition. The HRI game framework includes four functional modules: video data acquisition, image recognition modeling, a deep learning algorithm (YOLOv5), and information feedback. First, we built a gesture recognition model containing 10,000 pictures of children’s gestures, using the YOLOv5 algorithm. The average accuracy in recognition trainingwas 98.7%. Second, we recruited 120 children with attention deficits (aged from 9 to 12 years) to play the HRI games, including 60 girls and 60 boys. In the HRI game experiment, we obtained 8640 sample data, which were normalized and processed.According to the results, we found that the girls had better visual short-term memory and a shorter response time than boys. The research results showed that HRI games had a high efficacy, convenience, and full freedom, making them appropriate for children’s concentration training.
Happiness and Mental Disorders
Authors: Díaz Hernández Eva Lourdes , Brito Brito Pedro Ruymán , García Hernández Alfonso Miguel
Published: September 2022

The research object is the approach the meaning of happiness for people with severe mental illness (SMI) under follow-up in a mental health unit in Tenerife. The research aims to improve the care they receive. This qualitative, phenomenological study uses convenience and intentional sampling. Questions were administered to a focus group consisting of 4 women and 1 man, aged 35–69, and 16 individual interviews were conducted with 8 women and 8 men, aged 20–62. The interviews were audio-recorded, with prior consent, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using QSR N-Vivo Release 1.4.1 (851), Spain. Happiness has three dimensions: personal, interpersonal–relational, and temporal. The personal dimension includes personality, positive emotions, health, motivations for establishing personal goals, and engaging in activities. The interpersonal–relational dimension includes family support; social support and relationships; social and occupational functioning; overcoming deaths, breakups, or job losses; and the absence of stigma on mental illness. The temporal dimension establishes that happiness can be comprised of either a set of happy moments or a continuous state of happiness that varies throughout life. Based on the results of this research, it could be proposed that future research should focus on the effectiveness of nursing interventions, addressing the life goals of people with mental disorders, and the pursuit of their happiness.
PM2SFCA: Spatial Access to Urban Parks, Based on Park Perceptions and Multi-Travel Modes. A Case Study in Beijing
Authors: Luo Shijia , Jiang Heping , Yi Disheng , Liu Ruihua , Qin Jiahui , Liu Yusi , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2022

Assessing park accessibility plays an essential role in providing rational recreational services for residents in a city. The perceptions and comments of residents are also important nonspatial factors for accessibility. However, there are few accessibility studies that are combined with public perceptions. Addressing this deficit, this study proposes a perception-based, multi-travel mode, two-step floating catchment area (PM2SFCA) method to calculate park accessibility. First, we quantified the selection probability of residents to parks by integrating the Huff model and the people’s perceptions towards parks. Next, under four travel modes (walking, biking, driving and public transport), we combined the Huff model and the two-step floating catchment area method to compute park accessibility. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to illustrate the proposed method compared with the traditional E2SFCA method. Based on the above, taking the area of Beijing within the Fifth Ring Road as a study area, this paper facilitated the accessibility computation. The results indicated that the spatial distribution patterns of accessibility differed greatly under the four travel modes. Even under the same travel mode, there was an uneven accessibility distribution. Areas with high accessibility were mainly concentrated in the north, and some marginal areas also presented higher accessibility to parks. The comparative analysis results suggest that our proposed method for accessibility measurements alleviates the underestimation and overestimation of accessibility values obtained by a traditional method such as the center and edge of the study area. The research explores a new research perspective for measuring park accessibility. Furthermore, this study offers better guidance for policymakers trying to optimize park spatial distribution issues.
Rodent Models of Post-Stroke Dementia
Authors: Kim Hahn Young , Back Dong Bin , Choi Bo-Ryoung , Choi Dong-Hee , Kwon Kyoung Ja
Published: September 2022

Post-stroke cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications in stroke survivors. Concomitant vascular risk factors, including aging, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or underlying pathologic conditions, such as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, white matter hyperintensities, or Alzheimer’s disease pathology, can predispose patients to develop post-stroke dementia (PSD). Given the various clinical conditions associated with PSD, a single animal model for PSD is not possible. Animal models of PSD that consider these diverse clinical situations have not been well-studied. In this literature review, diverse rodent models that simulate the various clinical conditions of PSD have been evaluated. Heterogeneous rodent models of PSD are classified into the following categories: surgical technique, special structure, and comorbid condition. The characteristics of individual models and their clinical significance are discussed in detail. Diverse rodent models mimicking the specific pathomechanisms of PSD could provide effective animal platforms for future studies investigating the characteristics and pathophysiology of PSD.
Interplay between Prostate Cancer and Adipose Microenvironment: A Complex and Flexible Scenario
Authors: Cancel Mathilde , Pouillot William , Mahéo Karine , Fontaine Alix , Crottès David , Fromont Gaëlle
Published: September 2022

Adipose tissue is part of the prostate cancer (PCa) microenvironment not only in the periprostatic area, but also in the most frequent metastatic sites, such as bone marrow and pelvic lymph nodes. The involvement of periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) in the aggressiveness of PCa is strongly suggested by numerous studies. Many molecules play a role in the reciprocal interaction between adipocytes and PCa cells, including adipokines, hormones, lipids, and also lipophilic pollutants stored in adipocytes. The crosstalk has consequences not only on cancer cell growth and metastatic potential, but also on adipocytes. Although most of the molecules released by PPAT are likely to promote tumor growth and the migration of cancer cells, others, such as the adipokine adiponectin and the n-6 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), have been shown to have anti-tumor properties. The effects of PPAT on PCa cells might therefore depend on the balance between the pro- and anti-tumor components of PPAT. In addition, genetic and environmental factors involved in the risk and/or aggressiveness of PCa, including obesity and diet, are able to modulate the interactions between PPAT and cancer cells and their consequences on the growth and the metastatic potential of PCa.
Quantum Dots and Their Interaction with Biological Systems
Authors: Le Nhi , Zhang Min , Kim Kyoungtae
Published: September 2022

Quantum dots are nanocrystals with bright and tunable fluorescence. Due to their unique property, quantum dots are sought after for their potential in several applications in biomedical sciences as well as industrial use. However, concerns regarding QDs’ toxicity toward the environment and other biological systems have been rising rapidly in the past decade. In this mini-review, we summarize the most up-to-date details regarding quantum dots’ impacts, as well as QDs’ interaction with mammalian organisms, fungal organisms, and plants at the cellular, tissue, and organismal level. We also provide details about QDs’ cellular uptake and trafficking, and QDs’ general interactions with biological structures. In this mini-review, we aim to provide a better understanding of our current standing in the research of quantum dots, point out some knowledge gaps in the field, and provide hints for potential future research.
Preparation of Spherical Cellulose Nanocrystals from Microcrystalline Cellulose by Mixed Acid Hydrolysis with Different Pretreatment Routes
Authors: Zhu Peng , Feng Luyao , Ding Zejun , Bai Xuechun
Published: September 2022

Spherical cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), as a high value cellulose derivative, shows an excellent application potential in biomedicine, food packaging, energy storage, and many other fields due to its special structure. CNC is usually prepared by the mixed acid hydrolysis method from numerous cellulose raw materials. However, the pretreatment route in preparing spherical CNC from cellulose fiber is still used when choosing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as the raw material, which is not rigorous and economical. In this work, pretreatment effects on the properties of spherical CNC produced from MCC by mixed acid hydrolysis were systematically studied. Firstly, the necessity of the swelling process in pretreatment was examined. Secondly, the form effects of pretreated MCC (slurry or powder form) before acid hydrolysis in the preparation of spherical CNC were carefully investigated. The results show that the swelling process is not indispensable. Furthermore, the form of pretreated MCC also has a certain influence on the morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability of spherical CNC. Thus, spherical CNC with different properties can be economically prepared from MCC by selecting different pretreatment routes through mixed acid hydrolysis.
Functional Delineation of a Protein–Membrane Interaction Hotspot Site on the HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody 10E8
Authors: Insausti Sara , Garcia-Porras Miguel , Torralba Johana , Morillo Izaskun , Ramos-Caballero Ander , de la Arada Igor , Apellaniz Beatriz , Caaveiro Jose M. M. , Carravilla Pablo , Eggeling Christian , Rujas Edurne , Nieva Jose L.
Published: September 2022

Antibody engagement with the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) of HIV-1 constitutes a distinctive molecular recognition phenomenon, the full appreciation of which is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that underlie the broad neutralization of the virus. Recognition of the HIV-1 Env antigen seems to depend on two specific features developed by antibodies with MPER specificity: (i) a large cavity at the antigen-binding site that holds the epitope amphipathic helix; and (ii) a membrane-accommodating Fab surface that engages with viral phospholipids. Thus, besides the main Fab–peptide interaction, molecular recognition of MPER depends on semi-specific (electrostatic and hydrophobic) interactions with membranes and, reportedly, on specific binding to the phospholipid head groups. Here, based on available cryo-EM structures of Fab–Env complexes of the anti-MPER antibody 10E8, we sought to delineate the functional antibody–membrane interface using as the defining criterion the neutralization potency and binding affinity improvements induced by Arg substitutions. This rational, Arg-based mutagenesis strategy revealed the position-dependent contribution of electrostatic interactions upon inclusion of Arg-s at the CDR1, CDR2 or FR3 of the Fab light chain. Moreover, the contribution of the most effective Arg-s increased the potency enhancement induced by inclusion of a hydrophobic-at-interface Phe at position 100c of the heavy chain CDR3. In combination, the potency and affinity improvements by Arg residues delineated a protein–membrane interaction site, whose surface and position support a possible mechanism of action for 10E8-induced neutralization. Functional delineation of membrane-interacting patches could open new lines of research to optimize antibodies of therapeutic interest that target integral membrane epitopes.
Revealing the Hidden Diagnostic Clues of Male Infertility from Human Seminal Plasma by Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction and MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Correnti Serena , Preianò Mariaimmacolata , Murfone Pierpaolo , Fregola Annalisa , Bitonti Massimo , Savino Rocco , Terracciano Rosa
Published: September 2022

Seminal plasma (SP) mirrors the local pathophysiology of the male reproductive system and represents a non-invasive fluid for the study of infertility. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) provides a high-throughput platform to rapidly extrapolate the diagnostic profiles of information-rich patterns. In this study, dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) combined with MALDI-TOF-MS was applied for the first time to the human SP, with the aim of revealing a diagnostic signature for male infertility. Commercially available octadecyl (C18)-, octyl (C8)-bonded silica sorbents and hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) were tested and the robustness of MALDI-TOF peptide profiling was evaluated. Best performances were obtained for C18-bonded silica with the highest detection of peaks and the lowest variation of spectral features. To assess the diagnostic potential of the method, C18-bonded silica d-SPE and MALDI-TOF-MS were used to generate enriched endogenous peptide profiles of SP from 15 fertile and 15 non-fertile donors. Principal component analysis (PCA) successfully separated fertile from non-fertile men into two different clusters. An array of seven semenogelin-derived peptides was found to distinguish the two groups, with high statistical significance. These findings, while providing a rapid and convenient route to selectively enrich native components of SP peptidome, strongly reinforce the prominent role of semenogelins in male infertility.
Protealysin Targets the Bacterial Housekeeping Proteins FtsZ and RecA
Authors: Tsaplina Olga , Khaitlina Sofia , Chukhontseva Ksenia , Karaseva Maria , Demidyuk Ilya , Bakhlanova Irina , Baitin Dmitry , Artamonova Tatiana , Vedyaykin Alexey , Khodorkovskii Mikhail , Vishnyakov Innokentii
Published: September 2022

Serratia proteamaculans synthesizes the intracellular metalloprotease protealysin. This work was aimed at searching for bacterial substrates of protealysin among the proteins responsible for replication and cell division. We have shown that protealysin unlimitedly cleaves the SOS response protein RecA. Even 20% of the cleaved RecA in solution appears to be incorporated into the polymer of uncleaved monomers, preventing further polymerization and inhibiting RecA ATPase activity. Transformation of Escherichia coli with a plasmid carrying the protealysin gene reduces the bacterial UV survival up to 10 times. In addition, the protealysin substrate is the FtsZ division protein, found in both E. coli and Acholeplasma laidlawii, which is only 51% identical to E. coli FtsZ. Protealysin cleaves FtsZ at the linker between the globular filament-forming domain and the C-terminal peptide that binds proteins on the bacterial membrane. Thus, cleavage of the C-terminal segment by protealysin can lead to the disruption of FtsZ’s attachment to the membrane, and thereby inhibit bacterial division. Since the protealysin operon encodes not only the protease, but also its inhibitor, which is typical for the system of interbacterial competition, we assume that in the case of penetration of protealysin into neighboring bacteria that do not synthesize a protealysin inhibitor, cleavage of FtsZ and RecA by protealysin may give S. proteamaculans an advantage in interbacterial competition.
Impact of Telemedicine Lecture on Online Medical Interview Performance
Authors: Myers Michael W. , Siriratsivawong Kris , Kudo Yoshiko , Hiraizumi Yuka , Hashimoto Miyuki
Published: September 2022

In 2019, Showa University implemented a compulsory clinical English course for all 4th-year medical students that included a medical interview with an English-speaking standardized patient (ESSP), but since 2020 the interviews have been conducted online due to the novel coronavirus pandemic. These students reported difficulties with eye contact and reading body language/non-verbal cues of the ESSP. In this project report, we describe a telemedicine lecture that we included in the 2021 course and compare students’ reported difficulties during the online medical interview for two years. The 2021 cohort reported significantly less difficulties with eye contact than the 2020 cohort, and a similar trend was found for reading body language/nonverbal cues and creating rapport with the ESSP. While possible third variables, such as 2021 cohort’s greater comfort in using teleconference platforms, may limit the interpretation of these results, we conclude that Japanese medical students can clearly benefit from the inclusion of telemedicine education into the medical curriculum as online healthcare services become the “new normal” in Japan.
Security Enhancement in Smart Logistics with Blockchain Technology: A Home Delivery Use Case
Authors: Chukleang Tirajet , Jandaeng Chanankorn
Published: September 2022

Home delivery (B2C) experienced rapid growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially food delivery. Nonrepudiation is a problem in security and affects delivery. Blockchain technology is a new technology that addresses this issue. This paper proposes preventing nonrepudiation in home delivery through blockchain technology. We also design a data structure and smart contract for distributed application. In addition, we evaluate the performance of the proposed framework in terms of transaction fees and response times. We experimented on the blockchain emulator, stored data in RDBMS, and implemented a client with a mobile application. The data in the smart contract were directly impacted by the gas used and the response time. Primarily, the function processes the large data size and involves high transaction fees and long response times. The gas used accounts for 9061 times of data length, while the response time accounts for 2.84 times of data length. Finally, we propose a security policy for the proposed framework.
Preparation and Real World Applications of Titania Composite Materials for Photocatalytic Surface, Air, and Water Purification: State of the Art
Authors: Seiß Volker , Thiel Susanne , Eichelbaum Maik
Published: September 2022

The semiconducting transition metal oxide TiO2 is a rather cheap and non-toxic material with superior photocatalytic properties. TiO2 thin films and nanoparticles are known to have antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antialgal, self, water, and air-cleaning properties under UV or sun light irradiation. Based on these excellent qualities, titania holds great promises in various fields of applications. The vast majority of published field and pilot scale studies are dealing with the modification of building materials or generally focus on air purification. Based on the reviewed papers, for the coating of glass, walls, ceilings, streets, tunnels, and other large surfaces, titania is usually applied by spray-coating due to the scalibility and cost-efficiency of this method compared to alternative coating procedures. In contrast, commercialized applications of titania in medical fields or in water purification are rarely found. Moreover, in many realistic test scenarios it becomes evident that the photocatalytic activity is often significantly lower than in laboratory settings. In this review, we will give an overview on the most relevant real world applications and commonly applied preparation methods for these purposes. We will also look at the relevant bottlenecks such as visible light photocatalytic activity and long-term stability and will make suggestions to overcome these hurdles for a widespread usage of titania as photocalyst.
DOME: Discrete Oriented Muon Emission in GEANT4 Simulations
Authors: Topuz Ahmet , Kiisk Madis , Giammanco Andrea
Published: September 2022

The simulation of muon tomography requires a multi-directional particle source that traverses a number of horizontal detectors of limited angular acceptance that are used to track cosmic-ray muons. In this study, we describe a simple strategy that can use GEANT4 simulations to produce a hemispherical particle source. We initially generate random points on a spherical surface of practical radius by using a Gaussian distribution for the three components of the Cartesian coordinates, thereby obtaining a generating surface for the initial position of the particles to be tracked. Since we do not require the bottom half of the sphere, we take the absolute value of the vertical coordinate, resulting in a hemisphere. Next, we direct the generated particles into the target body by selectively favoring the momentum direction along the vector constructed between a random point on the hemispherical surface and the origin of the target, thereby minimizing particle loss through source biasing. We also discuss a second scheme where the coordinate transformation is performed between the spherical and Cartesian coordinates, and the above-source biasing procedure is applied to orient the generated muons towards the target. Finally, a recipe based on restrictive planes from our previous study is discussed. We implement our strategies by using G4ParticleGun in the GEANT4 code. While we apply these techniques to simulations for muon tomography via scattering, these source schemes can be applied to similar studies for atmospheric sciences, space engineering, and astrophysics where a 3D particle source is a necessity.
The Distribution Pattern of First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Concentrations between the Blood and the Vertebral Focus of Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Jiang Guanyin , Qin Wanyuan , Du Xing , Zhang Ye , Zhang Muzi , Xiong Tuotuo , Zhao Dezhang , Ou Yunsheng
Published: September 2022

Background: Anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations are critical for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. The distribution pattern of anti-tuberculosis drugs between the blood and the vertebral focus needs to be further explored. Methods: A total of 31 spinal tuberculosis patients were prospectively included and then divided into a sclerotic group (15 cases) and a non-sclerotic group (16 cases) according to their preoperative CTs. All patients were treated with 2HERZ/6H2R2Z2 chemotherapy for 4 weeks before the operation. During the operation, blood, normal vertebral bone tissue, and vertebral focus tissue were obtained, processed, and sent to the pharmacology laboratory. The concentration values of four anti-tuberculosis drugs in each sample were obtained in a pharmacology laboratory. Results: There was no significant difference in the concentrations of the four anti-tuberculosis drugs in the blood and the normal vertebral bone tissue between the two groups; however, there was a significant difference in the vertebral focus tissue. There existed a linear correlation of four anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations between the blood and the focus in the non-sclerotic bone group. Conclusions: The existence of sclerotic bone hinders the anti-tuberculosis drug distribution. In the absence of sclerotic bone in the vertebral focus, there exists a linear relationship of the four anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations between the blood and the vertebral focus of spinal tuberculosis patients.
FGFR-2 and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Adamczyk-Gruszka Olga , Horecka-Lewitowicz Agata , Gruszka Jakub , Wawszczak-Kasza Monika , Strzelecka Agnieszka , Lewitowicz Piotr
Published: September 2022

Background. At present, EC staging is based on the WHO conservative criteria, which only consider the percentage of gland formation. The molecular subgrouping of EC recently proposed by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) represents a milestone in precise molecular-based patient triage. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of FGFR-2 on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and whether it can lead to endometrial cancer dedifferentiation. Methods. One hundred and three White female patients with confirmed EC were enrolled in our research. For the analysis, we performed next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemical analyses of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin. Results. Tumor grade progression was closely correlated with LVI (p = 0.0338), expression of vimentin (p = 0.000), tumor budding (p = 0.000), and lack of E-cadherin (p = 0.0028). Similar observations were noted with regard to TNM/FIGO stage progression. In terms of FGFR-2 mutation, we found the following correlation p-values: LVI (p = 0.069), expression of vimentin (p = 0.000), tumor budding (p = 0.000), and lack of E-cadherin (p = 0.000), RFS (p = 0.032), ECSS (p = 0.047). Conclusions. FGFR-2 is the important factor influencing on EMT.
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections, Bacteremia, and Infection Control Interventions in a Hospital: A Six-Year Time-Series Study
Authors: Papanikolopoulou Amalia , Maltezou Helena C. , Stoupis Athina , Kalimeri Dimitra , Pavli Androula , Boufidou Fotini , Karalexi Maria , Pantazis Nikos , Pantos Constantinos , Tountas Yannis , Koumaki Vasiliki , Kantzanou Maria , Tsakris Athanasios
Published: September 2022

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections. Urine catheters are often reservoirs of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and sources of pathogens transmission to other patients. The current study was conducted to investigate the correlation between CAUTIs, MDR bacteremia, and infection control interventions, in a tertiary-care hospital in Athens, from 2013 to 2018. The following data were analyzed per month: 1. CAUTI incidence; 2. consumption of hand hygiene disinfectants; 3. incidence of isolation of MDR carrier patients, and 4.incidence of bacteremia/1000 patient-days [total resistant a.Gram-negative: carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae; b.Gram-positive: vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]. The use of scrub disinfectant solutions was associated with decreased CAUTI rate in Total Hospital Clinics (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96–0.98, p-value: <0.001) and in Adults ICU (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65–0.96, p-value:0.018) while no correlation was found with isolation rate of MDR-carrier pathogens. Interestingly, an increase in total bacteremia (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75–0.87, p-value:<0.001) or carbapenem-resistant bacteremia correlated with decreased incidence of CAUTIs (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.99, p-value: 0.008). Hand hygiene measures had a robust and constant effect on infection control, reducing the incidence of CAUTIs.
First and Second Level Haemoglobinopathies Diagnosis: Best Practices of the Italian Society of Thalassemia and Haemoglobinopathies (SITE)
Authors: Mandrile Giorgia , Barella Susanna , Giambona Antonino , Gigante Antonia , Grosso Michela , Perrotta Silverio , Scianguetta Saverio , Forni Gian Luca
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this best practice paper is to review the current recommendations for the identification and prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. Methods: The management committee of SITE selected and gathered a multidisciplinary team in order to formulate recommendations based on the available scientific evidence integrated with the opinions of experts, with the purpose of supporting clinicians. Results: We provide recommendations for first level tests (complete blood count, hemoglobin separation and iron balance), second level tests (molecular diagnosis) and prenatal diagnosis. Five Italian experts in hemoglobinopathies were consulted regarding the orientation of prenatal diagnosis, and for each indication, the degree of agreement among the experts has been specified. Conclusions: Best practice recommendations are the final outcome of this translational research and allow transfer to daily clinical practice.
A Pilot Analysis on the Efficacy of Multiple Trigger-Point Saline Injections in Chronic Tension-Type Headache: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Cho Sung-Cheol , Kwon Dong-Rak , Seong Jeong-Won , Kim Yuntae , Özçakar Levent
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of new targeted trigger-point injections (TPIs) using isotonic saline in patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Of 121 patients with headache who were retrospectively reviewed, 19 were included in this study and were categorized into two groups: those who received TPIs more than four times (group 1); and those who received TPIs less than, or equal to, four times (group 2). The patients received ultrasound-guided isotonic saline injections into the active trigger points once weekly. The primary outcome was an effect on headache intensity, determined using the visual analog scale (VAS), whereas the secondary outcome was an effect on quality of life, evaluated using the Henry Ford Hospital Headache Disability Inventory (HDI). The mean symptom duration of the 19 patients (11 men and 8 women; mean age, 52.5 years; and range, 23–81 years) was 16 months. The most frequently injected muscle was the splenius capitis. Patient demographics were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). Simple linear regression revealed that symptom duration (p = 0.001) and baseline VAS score (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with the number of injections. At one month after the first injection, the mean VAS and HDI scores in group 2 were significantly lower than those in group 1 (p < 0.05), whereas the scores significantly decreased immediately after the last injection in both groups (p < 0.05). No adverse effects were reported in any patient. Our results indicate that the administration of new targeted TPIs using isotonic saline into the head and neck muscles of patients with CTTH can effectively relieve headache intensity and safely improve their quality of life.
Ambient Air Pollution and Acute Ischemic Stroke—Effect Modification by Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tan Benjamin Yong-Qiang , Ho Jamie Sin Ying , Ho Andrew Fu-Wah , Pek Pin Pin , Leow Aloysius Sheng-Ting , Raju Yogeswari , Sia Ching-Hui , Yeo Leonard Leong-Litt , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Ong Marcus Eng-Hock , Aik Joel , Zheng Huili
Published: September 2022

Acute ischemic strokes (AIS) are closely linked with air pollution, and there is some evidence that traditional cardiovascular risk factors may alter the relationship between air pollution and strokes. We investigated the effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the association of AIS with air pollutants. This was a nationwide, population-based, case-only study that included all AIS treated in public healthcare institutions in Singapore from 2009 to 2018. Using multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for time-varying meteorological effects, we examined how AF modified the association between AIS and air pollutant exposure. A total of 51,673 episodes of AIS were included, with 10,722 (20.7%) having AF. The odds of AIS in patients with AF is higher than those without AF for every 1 µg/m3 increase in O3 concentration (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.005, 95% CI 1.003–1.007) and every 1 mg/m3 increase in CO concentration (aOR: 1.193, 95% CI 1.050–1.356). However, the odds of AIS in patients with AF is lower than those without AF for every 1 µg/m3 increase in SO2 concentration (aOR: 0.993, 95% CI 0.990–0.997). Higher odds of AIS among AF patients as O3− and CO concentrations increase are also observed in patients aged ≥65 years and non-smokers. The results suggest that AF plays an important role in exacerbating the risk of AIS as the levels of O3 and CO increase.
Maternal Right Ventricular and Left Atrial Function in Uncomplicated Twin Pregnancies: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Orabona Rossana , Sciatti Edoardo , Vizzardi Enrico , Bonadei Ivano , Metra Marco , Sartori Enrico , Frusca Tiziana , Pinna Antonio , Bellocco Rino , Prefumo Federico
Published: September 2022

Objective: The knowledge regarding maternal cardiovascular hemodynamic adaptation in twin pregnancies is incomplete. We performed a longitudinal investigation of maternal right ventricular (RV) and left atrial (LA) function in a cohort of uncomplicated twin pregnancies compared to singleton pregnancies. Study design: Healthy women with uncomplicated twin pregnancies were prospectively enrolled and assessed by transthoracic echocardiography at 10–15 weeks’ (w) gestation (T1), 19-26 w gestation (T2), and 30–38 w gestation (T3). Subjects with uneventful singleton pregnancies were selected as controls at the same gestational ages. Cardiac findings were compared to those of women with uneventful singleton gestations. RV systolic and diastolic functions were assessed by conventional echocardiography (FAC, TAPSE, sPAP, E, A, DT) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) (E’, A’, S’, IVA, IVCT, IVRT, ET, MPI), and LA dimensions were calculated. Speckle-tracking imaging was also applied to evaluate RV global longitudinal strain and LA 2D strains (at LV end-systole (LAS) and at atrial contraction (LAA)). Results: Overall, 30 uncomplicated twin and 30 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies were included. Regarding maternal RV function in twins, all the parameters (FAC, TAPSE, sPAP, E, A, E/A, DT, E/E’, IVA, IVCT, MPI and 2D longitudinal strain) were almost stable throughout gestation, with the exception of the TDI findings (E’ decreased from T1 to T3 (p = 0.03), while E’/A’ increased from T1 to T2 and then decreased (p = 0.01); A’ and basal S’ increased (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively), while IVRT and ET significantly decreased (p = 0.009 and p = 0.007, respectively)). These findings were similar to those found for singleton pregnancies. LA dimensions significantly increased throughout gestation in both twins and singletons (p < 0.001), without intergroup difference. LA strains did not vary during either twin or singleton pregnancies, except for LAA in T1, which was higher among twins than among singletons. Conclusion: Maternal RV and LA function in uncomplicated twin pregnancies does not seem to undergo more significant changes than in singletons, being characterized by similar findings in RV systolic and diastolic functions, as well as LA dimensions and strains.
A Different rTMS Protocol for a Different Type of Depression: 20.000 rTMS Pulses for the Treatment of Bipolar Depression Type II
Authors: Koutsomitros Theodoros , van der Zee Kenneth T. , Evagorou Olympia , Schuhmann Teresa , Zamar Antonis C. , Sack Alexander T.
Published: September 2022

In this open-label naturalistic study, we assess the feasibility, tolerability, and effectiveness of a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol with a reduced total pulse number for treating patients suffering from bipolar disorder type II. All patients received one rTMS treatment session of 1000 pulses for 20 consecutive working days, accumulating to 20.000 rTMS pulses applied over 4 weeks. We measured the patients’ symptoms before the start, halfway through, directly after, and one month after treatment. We quantified the depression symptoms using both the Beck depression inventory scale and the symptom checklist-90 depression subscale. Patients showed a significant reduction in depression symptoms directly after treatment and an even further reduction one month after treatment. The remission rates were at 26% halfway through treatment (after the 10th session), 61% directly after treatment (after the 20th session), and increased to 78% at the 1-month follow-up. Importantly, the protocol proved to be feasible and highly tolerable in this patient population, with no adverse effects being reported. Considering these positive results, further research should focus on replicating these findings in larger clinical samples with control groups and longer follow-up periods, while potentially adding maintenance sessions to optimize the treatment effect and stability for bipolar disorder type II patients.
Submarine Small-Scale Features of Cyclic Steps in the Penghu Canyon: Implications for the Migration of Canyon
Authors: Zhang Shaoyu , Zhu Junjiang , Jia Yonggang , Li Sanzhong , Chen Ruixue , Chen Xingquan , Ou Xiaolin , Li Qianqian
Published: September 2022

The submarine canyons are an important clue to study the evolution process of seafloor geomorphology and they generally indicate the significant linear grooves on the seafloor related to seafloor geodynamic erosion during the evolution of geomorphology. The submarine canyons or canyon groups are not only the channels for the sediment transport from shallow sediments with land-based sources to the deep sea in the sediment source-sink system, but also a key temporary sediment deposition area to study sediment transport patterns and the evolution of submarine geomorphology. In this paper, we processed and analyzed the multibeam bathymetry data acquired in the South China Sea continental margin by the research vessel “Dongfanghong 3” in 2020. Based on fine submarine geomorphological features identified from multibeam bathymetry data, we construct the formation pattern of the cyclic steps. The six cyclic steps (wavelengths of 1–6 km and wave heights of 19–81 m) are found in the lower section of the Penghu canyon and they appeared at the conjunction part of the Penghu and the Taiwan canyon. Based on location and the wavelength variations of the cyclic steps, we propose that the cyclic steps are formed by turbidity current flow along the Penghu and the Taiwan canyons. The axis of the cyclic step CS4–CS6 is shifted westward by about 5° compared to the axis of the cyclic step CS1–CS3. The inconsistency in the axis direction of the cyclic steps CS1–CS3 and CS4–CS6 suggests that is where the migration of the Penghu canyon occurred.
Ice-Water-Gas Interaction during Icebreaking by an Airgun Bubble
Authors: Wu Qi-Gang , Wang Zuo-Cheng , Ni Bao-Yu , Yuan Guang-Yu , Semenov Yuriy A. , Li Zhi-Yuan , Xue Yan-Zhuo
Published: September 2022

When an airgun releases high-pressure gas underwater below an ice plate, it is observed that a bubble is formed rapidly while the ice plate is broken fiercely. In order to study the ice-water-gas interaction during this transient and violent phenomenon, a set of laboratory-scale devices was designed and a series of icebreaking experiments were carried out. High-speed photography was used to capture the evolution of the bubble and the ice plate. It was found that the airgun bubble had a unique ‘pear’ shape compared with the spherical bubble generated by electric sparking. The pressure induced by the pulsation of the airgun bubble near a rigid wall was measured by the pressure sensor. The initial shockwave, oscillatory pressure peaks caused by the directional fast air injection, secondary shockwave, and pressure peak caused by the bubble jet impact were clearly recorded. Three damage patterns of ice plates were observed and corresponding reasons were analyzed. The influence of dimensionless parameters, such as airgun-ice distance H and ice thickness T, was also investigated. The physical mechanism of ice-water-gas interaction was summarized.
On the Non-Gaussianity of Sea Surface Elevations
Authors: Nieto-Reyes Alicia
Published: September 2022

The sea surface elevations are generally stated as non-Gaussian processes in the current literature, being considered Gaussian for short periods of relatively low wave heights. The objective here is to study the evolution of the distribution of the sea surface elevation from Gaussian to non-Gaussian as the period of time in which the associated time series is recorded increases. To do this, an empirical study based on the measurements of the buoys in the US coast downloaded at a casual day is performed. This study results in rejecting the null hypothesis of Gaussianity in below 25% of the cases for short periods of time and in over 95% of the cases for long periods of time. The analysis pursued relates to a recent one by the author in which the heights of sea waves are proved to be non-Gaussian. It is similar in that the Gaussianity of the process is studied as a whole and not just of its one-dimensional marginal, as it is common in the literature. It differs, however, in that the analysis of the sea surface elevations is harder from a statistical point of view, as the one-dimensional marginals can be Gaussian, which is observed throughout the study and in that a longitudinal study is performed here.
Fragmentation Characteristics of Seafloor Massive Sulfides: A Coupled Fluid-Particle Flow Simulation
Authors: Dai Huan , Li Hao , Li Yan
Published: September 2022

The research on the fragmentation mechanism of seabed minerals under high ambient pressure significantly contributes to the exploitation of seafloor massive sulfides (SMS). In this paper, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test and triaxial compressive strength (TCS) test were carried out on two kinds of SMS samples to obtain the key mechanical properties of minerals, including cohesion, internal friction angle, compressive strength, and elastic modulus. Then, based on these mechanical parameters, the fluid-solid coupling cutting model of two SMS samples at high ambient pressure is established by using the coupling method of discrete elements and smooth particles. A mixed-bond model is selected, and the microscopic parameters are determined by a repeated calibration process. Meanwhile, the cutting force and debris information are monitored and collected in real time during the whole cutting process. The results show that under different confining pressure environments, the model shows the transformation of minerals from brittleness to ductility. The cutting force increases with the increasing ambient pressure. Due to the fluid pressure, the crushing mechanism tends to shear failure, which is more likely to produce mud and finer fragments.