bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'approche globale en gériatrie
Authors: Desrosiers Ghislaine C. , Lévesque Annie D. , Lambert Louise
Published: March 2013

Cet article résume le résultat des réflexions et des recherches suscitées par une expérience clinique en gériatrie, s'échelonnant sur une période de quatre années de travail dans un Centre Hospitalier de soins prolongés de Montréal. Nos patients ont une moyenne d'âge de 77 ans et sont de sexe féminin, da ns une proportion de 87.5%. On observe chez nos patients âgés, outre les pathologies purement physiques comme l'artério-sclérose, les accidents cérébro-vasculaires, les cardiopathies, l'arthrite, etc., des troubles marqués de confusion, de dépression, de retrait, de désengagement, et d'érosion de la personnalité. De même, on note fréquemment des troubles de comportement tel hurlements, agressions, fuites, refus de coopérer, mutisme, demande constante d'attention, etc. Étant donné la juxtaposition de ces différentes pathologies et réactions, nous avons d'abord tenté d'éclaircir les phénomènes entourant la condition de ces vieillards, afin d'y puiser les prémices nécessaires à l'élaboration d'un programme adapté à leurs besoins. Les possibilités et l'implication de l'ergothérapeute en gériatrie seront développées par la suite.
Ideas Exchange
Authors: Ollson Jean M.
Published: March 2013

This article describes a five day vacation in Florida for forty-seven long term psychiatric residents. We believe this is the first trip of this kind in Canada. How the residents coped with social stresses of day to day life away from stereotyped hospital care, what was expected of each resident and each staff member during these five days, paved the way for what many staff members said “couldn't be done,” to prove “it could be done,” successfully. We hope our challenges and preparations can be of help to anyone wishing to try an adventure of this type.
Enseignement clinique en milieu communautaire: Une expérience vécue à l'Université Laval
Authors: Hachey Raymonde , Duguay Maryse , Matteau Hélène , Pagé Louise
Published: March 2013

Un projet pilote d'enseignement clinique en ergothérapie dans le domaine de la psychiatrie communautaire au centre d'accueil Beau Rivage affilié au centre hospitalier Robert Giffard a été mis sur pied par un professeur-superviseur de l'Université de Montréal et quatre étudiantes de l'Université Laval. Ce projet de stage d'une durée de six semaines, avait pour buts: 1) de pallier aux difficultés de trouver des endroits de stage, 2) de développer une nouvelle formule de stage, 3) de développer et de faire découvrir ce qu'est l'ergothérapie dans la communauté, 4) de favoriser, si possible, l'implantation de nouveaux postes en ergothérapie. Le travail effectué par les stagiaires auprès des bénéficiaires ainsi que les modalités d'enseignement auxquelles elles ont participées y sont décrits. Cette expérience s'est avérée fructueuse pour tous et il semble que, de plus en plus, la formule des stages communautaires prend de l'essor.
Sexual Counselling for Spinal Cord Injured Males
Authors: Krelenbaum Freda , Love Kathie
Published: March 2013

This paper describes some of the physical and psychological aspects of sexual adjustment in spinal cord injured males as has been documented in current literature. The authors then present the findings of a research study which they conducted. This study investigates attitudes toward sexuality and sexual functioning among a sample of spinal cord injured men, and explores the kind of professional medical services these men availed themselves of and would find desirable in dealing with this aspect of their rehabilitation. From this information the authors attempt to determine to what extent there is a need for qualified sexual counselling for spinal cord injured males and in what manner it might be most effectively offered.
Perspectives from Tomorrow's Therapists
Authors: Versnel Joan
Published: March 2013

Increasing one's awareness of the role of the therapist in the community is important to the future development of the profession. The students in rehabilitation medicine at the University of Toronto have embarked on a program of community involvement at the Alexandra Park Community Health Centre. A brief history of the development of the Centre is outlined and a description of the current role of occupational therapy and physical therapy students is provided.
The Effects of an In-service Program upon the Attitudes of Nursing Aides
Authors: Lehman Jack J. , Vargo James W.
Published: March 2013

Twenty-six female nursing aides were divided into two groups to determine whether an in-service training program would enhance their attitudes toward physically disabled geriatric patients requiring custodial care. The Attitude Toward Disabled Persons Questionnaire (ATDP) was administered to the experimental and control groups before and after the in-service training program. Each in-service program consisted of a lecture on a specific topic followed by informal discussion of patient care.

Three research hypotheses were tested to evaluate the effectiveness of the in-service program in altering attitudes toward the physically disabled: (1) The experimental group would score higher on post-test than on pre-test; (2) The control group would not score higher on post-test than on pre-test; and (3) The experimental group would change more from pre-test to post-test than would the control group. All three research hypotheses were supported (the first at p<.005 and the third at p<.01). Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research were discussed.
Évaluation par objectifs de la formation clinique en ergothérapie à l'Université de Montréal
Authors: Raymonde Hachey , Francine Ferland
Published: March 2013

Cette étude rapporte les étapes d'un projet entrepris depuis plus de deux ans sur l'évaluation de la formation clinique des étudiants de deuxième et de troisième années, inscrits en ergothérapie à l'École de Réadaptation de l'Université de Montréal. L'élaboration d'un nouveau formulaire y est décrite. Les résultats obtenus aux deux expérimentations soulignent les aspects formatif et normatif du formulaire. On y retrouve quelques détails sur le contenu du guide de l'étudiant dans lequel s'insère le formulaire d'évaluation. La conclusion fait ressortir l'importance de l'évaluation en milieu clinique.
An Approach to Seating for the Cerebral Palsied
Authors: Waksvik Keila , Levy Ron
Published: March 2013

In the light of a brief historical perspective of seating for the cerebral palsied, principles of seating for the able-bodied, and an approach to the assessment of the seating needs of the cerebral palsied, are discussed.
Leisure Counselling
Authors: Girling K.L.
Published: March 2013

Leisure education programmes have recently been incorporated into some grade school settings. Prior to this exciting curriculum addition however, very little education for leisure has been offered to members of our work-oriented society. Consequently, a large percentage of the population is without functional leisure skills.

An occupational therapist offering leisure counselling approaches an individual holistically, recognizing that a balance of work, play and self care will result in maximal lifestyle functioning. Definitions, process descriptions, rationales and techniques of leisure counselling have been concisely outlined in a manner such that a qualified occupational therapist will be able to utilize the information in a variety of settings.
Developments in a Rehabilitation Service for Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Murphy Marjorie
Published: March 2013

This paper deals with the operation of the Rehabilitation Services of the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry in Toronto, Ontario. It is particularly addressed to developments in the service during the last two and one-half years. Included are: a brief historical review; a description of current goals and procedures; plans for the future; a description of the work adjustment program — a new adjunct to the service; some demographic information on clients served in 1977 and 1978; and a discussion of the computerized data collection, outcome studies, program analyses etc. now underway. The tasks of the members of the rehabilitation team will be outlined. Emphasis is placed on the work of occupational therapists who have played a major role in planning, establishing and conducting the service. Flow charts of service procedures are included.
Finger Painting a Projective Technique
Authors: Alleyne Antoinette
Published: March 2013

Finger painting was used in a diversified program with two different groups of patients, primarily as a medium for expression of feeling that facilitated the collection of diagnostic data and the detection of change in mental status. It was found to be an economical method of eliciting data and monitoring change during therapy. In this technique the patient produces his own material and verbally associates to it thus giving a more objective profile of personality and psychopathology. Perusal of the literature revealed no recent studies of the technique and prompted a documentation of this project at the Reddy Memorial Hospital. The technique proved itself a worthwhile method of eliciting data but needs to be scientifically evaluated. Attempts should also be made to assess its ability to discriminate between different diagnostic categories in psychiatry.
The Unit Value System if You're Not Interested You Should Be
Authors: Campbell Donna
Published: March 2013

This paper, based on an address delivered at the 1977 C.A.O.T. Conference in Halifax, contends that, generally speaking, occupational therapists are neither well informed about, nor proficient in the use of statistics. This is unfortunate in an age when its use of has become a powerful administrative tool. It is important for Occupational Therapists to become knowledgeable about the use of statistics in order that they can communicate with the administrators who speak the language of numbers. Statistics can be used and abused. Improved knowledge and understanding will protect occupational therapy from abuse and enable us to concentrate on our real specialty, service delivery.
Perspectives from Tomorrow's Therapists
Authors: Edgington Linda
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a review of the literature on the use of art as a projective technique in occupational therapy. With respect to assessment, it outlines the use of art-oriented diagnostic batteries, the role of occupational therapists in interpretation of art, and the development of objective scoring systems. Art as a treatment modality for non-verbal patients is explored for the purpose of uncovering unconscious material for discussion, and as a media for the expression of anger.
Muriel Driver Memorial Lecture 1980 — Directions for the Decade
Authors: Bell Elizabeth B.
Published: March 2013

Following an introductory summary of role theory, this paper examines one element of professional development — that of ROLE NEGOTIATION. Research findings are outlined which provide evidence of the need for developing role negotiation skills within the occupational therapy profession in Canada. The paper describes four role strategies which can be used to professional advantage, as therapists negotiate their roles. The final emphasis is on the positive professional implications of effective role negotiations in the 80's.
Book Review: Understanding the Scientific Bases of Human Movement
Authors: Robinson K.
Published: March 2013

In keeping with the theme, Adult Psychiatry, the Editorial Board felt it was an opportune time to canvas the faculty of Canadian occupational therapy programs for articles and books which they felt were highly pertinent to students, professors and clinicians. As you will see, some of the submissions deal with the complexities of psychiatric patients; others help the reader to gain a theoretical and practical understanding of treatment techniques currently used in occupational therapy. One is challenged to rethink some traditional concepts, for example, the role of women in society. New ideas are also presented, such as the part the body plays in emotional makeup and the upcoming role of the occupational therapist as a researcher. It is hoped that this selection will prove to be both interesting and useful.
An Occupational Therapy Pediatric Research Project in Community Integration
Authors: Lehrer Alice
Published: March 2013

This study examines two groups of children diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunction syndrome; one group was integrated into a YMCA Urban Day Camp, with normal children, while the second group was treated in the same setting but followed a program led by occupational therapists and had no contact with the normal children. The study was based on a pilot project conducted in 1975. Pre- and post-measures of visual-motor skills, of self-concept and of parent reactions are analyzed. Principally, however, observational data of the social interactions engaged in within each group is analyzed, comparing the first and the final weeks of the camp. Methods used and results are described. A discussion of the results is presented as are recommendations for the use of mainstreaming in the practice of occupational therapy.
A Self Help Group for Burn Victims
Authors: Biehler Michelle A.
Published: March 2013

It has been found that social withdrawal is common among burn victims following discharge from hospital. This may be indicative of a lack of professional follow-up services and counselling. Self help groups may be effective in helping such individuals adjust to the implications of their injury and community re-integration by offering support and information. A student's experience with such a group is related and the role of an occupational therapist as a consultant to the group is described. It is advocated that occupational therapists provide a complete rehabilitation program by becoming involved in group programs for burn victims prior to and after discharge.
A Five Point Approach to Staff Development for Quality Assurance
Authors: Shimeld Arlene
Published: March 2013

The nature of Quality Assurance is outlined, as well as the range of activities encompassed in a Quality Assurance program. The need to provide occupational therapy personnel with an organizational framework within which to develop the skills to implement a Quality Assurance program is given as the rationale for utilizing a model that focuses on five key areas of professional practice. The model is described, and the way it has facilitated the Quality Assurance program in the Occupational Therapy Services Department of the University Hospital, London, Ontario is discussed. Reference material, useful when implementing a program, is included.
Amputee Board for Below-Knee Amputees
Authors: Achanzar Marisol H.
Published: March 2013

This article describes the materials and the method required for the construction of an amputee board for either left or right below-knee amputees. This board is intended to be used for elevating the stump and maintaining knee extension in the amputated limb while the patient sits in wheelchair. It also allows for ease and safety during transfers.
An Interdisciplinary Methodology for the Comparative Evaluation of Splinting Materials
Authors: Shimeld Arlene , Campbell Gordon , Ernest Marilyn
Published: March 2013

The methodology developed includes both the use of laboratory evaluation and clinical assessment in an area where there are no standard requirements, no specifications, nor any continuity of data available on the various thermoplastic splinting materials now on the market. A series of laboratory tests and clinical trials were devised such that these could be interpreted with regard to clinical considerations, cost analyses and serviceability factors relating to the materials. Laboratory testing covered possible effects on the chemical and mechanical properties of materials likely to be caused by various environmental, sterilization and working factors. The complementary clinical evaluation to highlight the behaviour of materials during the fabrication and wearing of splints consisted of specific information generated with the assistance of experienced occupational therapists, occupational therapy students and patients. Biocompatibility studies were also carried out. The data to be published will provide needed information to physicians, occupational therapists, physical therapists, orthotists, prosthetists, and administrators with regard to their making informed decisions on the selection, purchase and use of thermoplastic materials.
Training for Independent Living Unit: Its Function in a Rehabilitation Convalescent Setting
Authors: Bitensky Nicol , Mendelsohn Felice
Published: March 2013

This article describes a Geriatric Self-Care Unit in a 92 bed Rehabilitation Convalescent Hospital. Ten beds are set aside for this unit. The overall goal of the Self Care Unit (S.C.U.) is to facilitate the patients' discharge into the community. This pilot project has been in effect for six months with 47 patients having completed the program. Results of the program, it's problem areas and progress are outlined.
Modifications d'un fauteuil gériatrique pour multihandicapés
Authors: Lemyre-Gauthier Hélène , Gibeau-Brunelle Claudette , Paparelle Sylvie
Published: March 2013

Ayant à faire face à plusieurs problèmes de positionnement assis chez les personnes handicapées et déficientes de l'hôpital Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine et, comme il n'existait aucun fauteuil sur le marché qui résolvait les problèmes de la clientèle visée, un fauteuil gériatrique a été modifié afin de tenter d'apporter des solutions concrètes.

Les modifications apportées ont été réalisées à partir d'un fauteuil gériatrique conventionnel, disponible sur le marché et utilisé dans cet hôpital. Elles semblent répondre aux besoins des usagers primaires et secondaires. Le but de cet article est d'expliquer le cheminement parcouru pour parvenir au résultat obtenu.
Groups for Parents of Children with Down's Syndrome and Multiple Handicaps: A Pilot Project
Authors: Fine Marshall , Johnson Fran
Published: March 2013

One of the main purposes of an Infant Stimulation Program is to assist parents in finding ways of adjusting to and developing the potential of the handicapped child. The Peel Infant Stimulation program at the Mississauga Hospital in Mississauga, Ontario, while aptly fulfilling this purpose, noted that in some instances the stress of having a handicapped child added tension to the marital relationship. In addition, some parents appeared to have difficulty recovering from the news of their child's condition. In response to these observations a consultant with expertise in groups, couples, and family therapy was hired to help form groups for parents who appeared to be having difficulties. An Occupational Therapist from the Infant Stimulation Program was trained in group leadership while co-leading the groups with the consultant. The article explores the rationale for the groups, describes the sessions, and discusses a number of issues that are pertinent to the running of the groups. The intent of the article is to encourage staff working in similar programs to investigate the use of parent groups.
The Development of an Occupational Therapy Program in a Solarium Area
Authors: Hughes Edith F. , Bryden M. Claire
Published: March 2013

This paper introduces the use of a solarium area, with primary emphasis on horticultural activities, as a medium within which a comprehensive Occupational Therapy program can be developed. The specific treatment goals of training in the use of energy conservation principles is outlined for the inpatient population of a rheumatology unit in an active treatment hospital. Other goals can be incorporated into this protocol. The unusually wide range of physical demands available and the opportunity to modify the patient's work style make the solarium area particularly relevant to physical Occupational Therapy.
Professional Negligence and the Occupational Therapist
Authors: Jarvis Hilary
Published: March 2013

This paper will attempt to clarify the meaning of negligence. The difference between the negligent acts of a layman and a professional are defined and compared, as well as professional and non-professional occupations. The method of determining the standard by which occupational therapists are measured is discussed as well as the points the Courts consider when the standard is breached and harm to the patient results. Consideration is given to the gradual shift of responsibility from the physician to the health care professional, the ensuing legal implications, and the division of responsibility for negligence. The position of occupational therapists employed by health care facilities, in relation to the liability of the employer and the practitioner are outlined. The points discussed are illustrated by cases from the British, Canadian and American Courts.
Monitoring Work Intensity during Occupational Therapy
Authors: Bachynski Marte , Cumming G.R.
Published: March 2013

Patients with physical disability due to leg amputation, stroke, or low back pain performed a graded exercise test on a bicycle or armcrank ergometer. Their voluntary maximum and pre-exercise heart rates were determined and used to calculate their heart rate or cardiac reserve. Patients were subsequently monitored by ambulatory electrocardiography during the occupational therapy activities which made up their respective treatment programs. The peak heart rates for each activity were determined and expressed as a percentage of the patient's cardiac reserve. The means and ranges of working intensity were calculated for patients grouped by disability. The mean values of 24% and 27% of cardiac reserve for the older amputees and hemiplegic patients respectively were low compared to the mean values of 55% found for both the traumatic amputees and patients with low back pain. Wide ranges in values were found, particularly for hemiplegic patients, and may reflect the disimilar degree of disability among patients with the same diagnosis as well as the presence of factors affecting heart rate via the sympathetic nervous system.
A Data Management Tool for Reporting Productivity
Authors: Wright Maureen
Published: March 2013

Hospital-based occupational therapy departments in the 1980's must be able to report productivity levels in terms of cost-effectiveness. Only the most efficient programmes are likely to succeed in this era of budgetary constraints. A data retrieval model, operating in a hospital-based occupational therapy department is described. The model reports departmental productivity and data for making cost estimates related to direct and indirect patient care by diagnostic category. In addition, the system shows individual therapists' input and output. This data system has made possible monthly management statements that provide an overview of productivity and indicate the complexity of occupational therapy services for specific diagnostic categories within an acute-care paediatric hospital.
Occupational Therapists' Roles and Attitudes toward Sexual Habilitation of Chronically Ill and Disabled Children
Authors: Conine Tali A. , Quastel Leah N.
Published: March 2013

Normal progression through psychosexual stages in infancy and childhood has been recognized as a critical component in the shaping of one's personality and self concept. Long term hospitalization, institutionalization, and disability could deprive infants and children of the essential environmental and experiential elements for the development of sexuality. A sample of 37 occupational therapists who were involved in the care of chronically ill and disabled children in British Columbia were given a questionnaire related to specific tasks that promote the development of sexuality in infants and children. The results indicated that the majority of the therapists did not perform one or more of the tasks but believed that the tasks were important in occupational therapy. They indicated that their preparation for performing the tasks was inadequate. When asked who should primarily perform the tasks, their responses showed uncertainty. The therapists held positive attitudes toward sexual habilitation and considered it an important aspect of health care for which an appropriate content should be integrated into the basic curriculum in occupational therapy.
Application d'un paradigme systémique à l'évaluation ergothérapique des personnes âgées
Authors: Forget Andrée
Published: March 2013

L'ergothérapie, comme la plupart des disciplines scientifiques ou humaines, tend de plus en plus à adopter un paradigme systémique plutôt qu'un paradigme atomiste. Un modèle général fondé sur le paradigme systémique est en développement par le groupe de recherche en socio-technologie de l'adaptation. Ce modèle présente quatre composantes paradigmatiques, soit la composante épistémologique, la composante ontologique, la composante méthodologique et la composante téléologique.

Le présent texte décrit le modèle général et propose une application de ce modèle à l'évaluation de la personne âgée par l'ergothérapeute.
Documentation of Occupational Therapy Services: A Process Model
Authors: Llorens Lela A. , Donaldson Karen
Published: March 2013

This paper describes a process model of occupational therapy and the Occupational Therapy Sequential Client Care Record (OTSCCR). The OTSCCR incorporates the model and provides comprehensive documentation of occupational therapy services from referral through outcome of intervention.
L'Approche Globale: Poncif ou Réalité
Authors: Étienne Anne Lang
Published: March 2013

L'approche globale ou holistique est un processus où le thérapeute et le client s'ouvrent à l'interaction continue du corps, du psychique et de l'environnement. l'être humain se développe grâce aux contradictions qui surgissent entre ses différentes dimensions et son milieu. Ces contradictions engendrent des conflits qu'il cherche à résoudre et à travers lesquels il grandit. La maladie est l'une des manifestations de ces conflits. Vue dans cette optique, elle est porteur d'un sens et est partie dynamique du processus de changement de la personne, processus qui débute par l'acceptation et la réconciliation avec son être et le monde, qui se traduit par une attitude active et responsable face à sa vie, pour tendre à la réalisation du Soi. Pour accompagner le client dans la quête du sens de sa maladie et du rétablissement d'une harmonie intérieure, nous, thérapeutes, devons être ouverts à notre propre globalité. Il est important que nous reconnaissions notre pouvoir sur le déroulement de notre vie, que nous prenions conscience de nos propres résistances à nous assumer, à nous prendre en charge. Cela signifie aussi abandonner notre rôle de démiurge, et nous ouvrir au pouvoir du client sur lui-même et sur nous. Si, en sus d'une telle démarche personnelle, les ergothérapeutes ajoutaient foi en leur autorité dans le domaine de l'approche globale, notre profession aurait un impact social de grande conséquence.
Lifelong Education in an Occupational Therapy Context
Authors: Madill Helen M.
Published: March 2013

Lifelong education as a professional philosophy goes beyond continuing education courses. In occupational therapy, development of a cohesive and coherent lifelong education philosophy would facilitate professional development and growth beyond the focus on undergraduate curricula. Questions to clarify and broaden this concept are raised and recommendations for action are presented.
An Evaluation of the Usefulness of Objectives in Fieldwork Experiences
Authors: Hawkes Bonnie , Ryan Sue
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a pilot study which investigated students' and therapists' perceptions of the value of objectives in structuring fieldwork experiences. The method in which the objectives were presented and their content is described. The model used to guide the therapists in the development of the objectives is outlined together with the study procedures. Results of this study and their implications for educators and therapists who plan and organize fieldword experiences are also discussed.
Temperature Biofeedback Training to Improve Peripheral Blood Flow in the Upper Extremities of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Dean Elizabeth
Published: March 2013

Ten control and ten diabetic subjects were first given a baseline session of no temperature biofeedback, and then were exposed to four 40-minute temperature biofeedback sessions over consecutive days. As the result of feedback training, peripheral skin temperatures increased on the training (right) hands of both groups, and this occurred to a greater extent in the diabetic group. Concomitant temperature increases occurred also in the left hands of both groups. Neither group produced any significant changes in heart rate, respiration rate, or systolic blood pressure with the exception of a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure for the diabetic group. No difference in diastolic blood pressure was observed, however, when the diabetics were compared with the control group. The results would suggest further evaluation of temperature biofeedback training is warranted in a diabetic population as a potential means of increasing peripheral blood flow in the extremities.
Apparatus for Assessing Vision after Stroke
Authors: Lister Dolly Ann
Published: March 2013

This article describes the development of an electronically controlled test apparatus used to detect visual deficits following neurological damage. A group of occupational therapists and an electronics engineer expanded ideas given at a sensory integration course to produce the hardware as well as the test format and protocol to produce a useful test. The hardware includes a display board containing an array of lights and a control box with corresponding switches as well as an automatic control switch to permit both manual and programed testing. The test identifies deficiencies in the areas of visual neglect, hemianopia, visual memory, extinction, and variation in performance as a result of change in length of stimulus. Information gained by using this test provides valuable assistance to the occupational therapist and to other team members in setting realistic expectations and treatment goals. More information regarding production of this test is available on request.
Report on the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists' Manpower Survey: 1981
Authors: Filuk Susan , Opzoomer Anne
Published: March 2013

The following report outlines the findings of the CAOT Task Force established in 1980 to undertake a national manpower survey. With the assistance of Statistics Canada a survey was designed and through CAOT, it was distributed in the Fall of 1981. Although a completed methodology and tabulation were sent to the CAOT Executive in March 1982, an analysis was not completed until November 1982. This report is to inform all participants of the findings, implications and future considerations. The objectives, methodology and problems encountered are described. Unfortunately, most of the objectives were not met. The task of developing an effective survey tool and the process of collecting meaningful data was far greater than anticipated. Such a massive project, which entails money and time, requires professional assistance to reduce ambiguities in the survey forms and computerization to correlate the information. Much of the information received could not be used nor correlated; however, the results do give a brief description of the profile of an occupational therapist to build on in the future. In addition, the experience gained will facilitate future survey development and distribution.
The Interaction of Culture and Learning: Implications for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Jamieson Margaret
Published: March 2013

Occupational therapists have agreed that culture can affect therapy by influencing such factors as acceptance of a physical disability, attitude to the sick role, and perceived pain. Occupational therapists however, seem to have ignored the fact that culture also affects factors that influence learning. Learning can be a critical component of paediatric occupational therapy; therefore, it would seem desirable if not necessary for therapists who work with children from different cultural groups to be aware of the cultural variations in those characteristics that influence learning. With this knowledge, therapists would be able to develop strategies that would complement the unique characteristics of each child and ensure effective therapy This paper supports this argument. It introduces therapists to the research literature on the cultural variations in motivational style, cognitive style, human relational style and social interaction and discusses how the literature could be used to develop more effective therapy
Work Evaluation: Choosing a Commercial System
Authors: Krefting Laura M. , Bremner Anne
Published: March 2013

This paper is a practical guide to the selection of a commercial work evaluation system. It describes the factors therapists should consider in matching their vocational evaluation needs to commercial systems available. A short summary of five major systems is included.
La compréhension du handicap par les enfants de 6 à 11 ans
Authors: Ferland Francine
Published: March 2013

À partir de questions et commentaires d'èlèves de niveau primaire, recueillis lors de deux programmes de sensibilisation à la personne handicapée, l'auteure illustre certains éléments de la compréhension du hadicap par l'enfant non-handicapé. Pour ce faire, une description sommaire des deux programmes de sensibilisation est présentée, suivie d'un rappel du développement cognitif de l'enfant. Par la suite les questions des élèves sont rapportées et commentées. L'auteure conclut à la pertinence d'une part, de poursuivre ce type d'étude et d'autre part, d'entreprendre une investigation relative à la perception du handicap par l'enfant handicapé lui-même, ce qui serait susceptible de permettre à l'ergothérapeute une véritable compréhension de son client.
Distal Phalanx Passive Flexor Splint
Authors: Barr Karin , Thorndyke Elaine
Published: March 2013

The need had arisen for the fabrication of a splint to help achieve passive flexion to the distal phalanx of the digits of the hand. The splint was developed by staff at Oakviile-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Ontario, and was designed to be adjustable as tolerated. It can be used in a variety of disorders which result in limited passive flexion of the distal phalanx. The design is illustrated by the use of a dorsal and anterior pattern as well as photographs as to proper application. Modifications to the splint have also been suggested to be used by the therapist as he need arises.
The Use of Support Services by Careproviders of the Aged
Authors: Hill Catherine J. , Matthews Anne Martin
Published: March 2013

Provision of home care support services is currently propounded as a means of facilitating family care of the dependent aged. In this study, interviews were carried out with forty two providers of care and accommodation for an elderly relative. The data indicate that those careproviders who were extensive users of formal support services were also likely to express the need for still more help with their careproviding task. Although increased cost, level of co-operation from the elderly relative, and reluctance, to introduce change into the routine of these dependants were cited as reasons for not satisfying the need for help, it is plausible that mutual dependency between the careproviders and the elderly relative also influenced service use. Recognition and acknowledgement of such a relationship has implications for the planning and delivery of home care support services.
The Demise of Diffidence: An Agenda for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Kielhofner Gary
Published: March 2013

Professionalization of occupational therapy will require a number of activities which have previously not been incorporated systematically into occupational therapists' view of themselves and their professional obligations. This paper presents a conceptualization of professional activities as three layers of necessary labor which include, but go well beyond, clinical practice. The implications of this conceptualization of occupational therapy's necessary activities and related agenda to effect professionalization are discussed. These implications include a need for clarification of the nature of the occupational therapy service, increased clinical and basic research, identification and support for the basic values of the profession, and organization of the knowledge-base of the field around a single unifying concept of occupation
The Use of Conceptual Models in Clinical Practice
Authors: Krefting Laura Harvey
Published: March 2013

This paper is an introduction to the use of conceptual models in clinical practice. Theoretical terminology is defined using common examples in occupational therapy. The significance of models to clinicians, administrators, and researchers is discussed. Characteristics of a rigorous model are presented in order that the existing models may be assessed for their effectiveness in guiding practice.
Learning to Touch
Authors: Posthuma Barbara W.
Published: March 2013

This paper examines the use of touch by various health professionals within the health care system. Trends, norms and standards of touching behavior in society in general are discussed, It is hypothesized that such norms and standards can be altered by desensitization through touching. The results of a project involving two consecutive classes of third year occupational therapy students are reported. An analysis of covariance did not show a significant difference between the experimental and the control group. However, differences observed between the two groups in an interview situation suggest that important changes may have occured.
Work Related Issues in Occupational Therapy: Your Values do Count
Authors: Madill H. M. , Brintnell E.S.G. , Fitzsimmons G. W. , Stewin L.L. , Macnab D. , Casserly M.C.
Published: March 2013

Values have been shown to be central factors within the career planning process and work-related values likely play an important part in our decision making. This paper focuses on the values held by occupational therapists. A comparison of values endorsed on the Life Roles Inventory by occupational therapists (N = 1366) and those endorsed by females in other professional/management positions (N = 1000) is presented. How the differing levels of endorsement are likely to affect the career planning and decision making and how this may be used to explain some elements of therapists' behaviour is discussed.
A Review of Research on the Model of Human Occupation: Part One
Authors: Kielhofner Gary
Published: March 2013

This two-part paper reviews 24 studies based on the model of human occupation. This first part presents a typology of the studies and discusses the designs and findings of two types of descriptive studies, comparative and correlational.
Multi-Purpose Upper Extremity Board
Authors: Cooper Sylvia
Published: March 2013

Out of a need to stabilize stacks of cones commonly used as a therapeutic modality, a board was designed with recommendations for additional use and further modifications.
A Review of Research on the Model of Human Occupation: Part Two
Authors: Kielhofner Gary
Published: March 2013

This is the second of a two-part paper presenting 24 studies which used the model of human occupation as their theoretical base. Part One presented comparative and correlational studies. This paper completes the presentation of studies by discussing studies which were undertaken as part of instrument development processes. The paper also critiques the research on the model to date, offering recommendations for future directions in research.
Factors Affecting Occupational Therapy Job Site Selection in Underserviced Areas
Authors: Polatajko Helene , Quintyn Michelle
Published: March 2013

Rural and isolated areas such as those found in northern Ontario are often underserviced with respect to occupational therapy. These areas present special problems for those involved in recruitment and planning recruitment programs. While it is generally recognized that practice in these areas can be both stimulating and rewarding, little is known about what factors might influence occupational therapists to choose these areas for job sites. It was the purpose of this study to investigate factors affecting job site selection and retention among occupational therapists in northern Ontario. Seven potential factors were explored: family proximity, place of origin, lifestyle, fieldwork placements, job opportunities and recruitment tours. These became the basis for the development of a questionnaire which was sent to all facilities employing occupational therapists in northern Ontario. The responses of twenty eight therapists (70%) indicated that the factors affecting job site selection were, in descending order: lifestyle, job opportunity, partner's employment and family proximity. The results also indicated that the factors influencing recruitment and retention differ. Based on the findings, recruitment efforts should focus on emphasizing the attractive features of the north and perhaps on people with family in the north. Retention incentives should include money for equipment, space, continuing education, travel, better salaries, links to educational resources and fieldwork placements.
A Comparison of Myo-Electric and Standard Prostheses — A Case Study of a Pre-School Aged Congenital Amputee
Authors: Crone Norma
Published: March 2013

The major advantages of early fitting with a standard prosthesis, are related to future acceptance, skilled use, and functional use of the prosthesis. Increasingly more parents of juvenile amputees are requesting myo-electric prostheses for their children. This study explored the areas of acceptance and adjustment, skill level, and functional use of a myo-electric prosthesis compared to a standard prosthesis with a child selected from the Juvenile Amputee Clinic list at the Alberta Children's Hospital in Calgary, Alberta, Acceptance and adjustment were measured by the Prosthetic Adjustment Scale and by parent interviews: Skill level and functional use of the prostheses were measured by simple instruments devised by the writer. Differences in skill level, acceptance, and functional use between the standard and the myo-electric prostheses were outlined and discussed. This study lends support to the idea of early myo-electric fitting.
The Rehabilitation Era: Friend or Foe
Authors: Brintnell E. Sharon , Madill Helen M. , Cardwell M. Thelma , Robinson Isobel M.
Published: March 2013

This paper bridges the years between 1950 and 1970 when no one article published in the Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy captured the trends of the period, the focus of which was rehabilitation. Excerpts from three significant papers published during the period exemplify views being expressed on future trends of occupational therapy in rehabilitation, education and practice. The paper concludes with an observation on the overall effect of the emergence of the rehabilitation movement on occupational therapy in Canada.
The Scope for Occupational Therapists in the Community in the Future
Authors: Tate Stella W.
Published: March 2013

L'auteur rapporte les expériences de quelques ergothérapeutes qui remettent en question l'efficacité de certaines modalités thérapeutiques utilisées dans des institutions traditionnelles et qui ne sont pas en rapport direct avec l'environnement domiciliaire, communautaire et culturel des clients. On dénote une tendance de la part d'ergothérapeutes à innover des programmes thérapeutiques en milieux communautaires. Ces efforts semblent concorder avec les idées exprimées par les autorités quant au mode de dispensation des soins de santé que l'on veut voir se développer au Canada.

L'auteur exprime le désir de voir les futurs ergothérapeutes se préoccuper davantage des besoins sociaux des personnes handicapées. En plus d'offrir ses services traditionnels, l'ergothérapeute peut évoluer dans plusieurs domaines en tant qu'évaluateur, consultant dans les agences communautaires, écoles et autres institutions, et enseignant aux ergothérapeutes et autres membres du personnel. Afin d'effectuer ces tâches de façon efficace, l'ergothérapeute doit connaître les techniques de consultation, les théories d'apprentissage, les statistiques et la méthodologie de la recherche.

Les étudiants en ergothérapie doivent être en contact avec les personnes âgées, les handicapés et les malades chroniques dans leur milieu de vie et non seulement à l'hôpital et dans des centres de réadaptation. Ils doivent être capables de comprendre l'influence des différentes cultures, des conditions éconòmiques, du stress de l'environnement afin de solutionner les problèmes des clients de façon analytique, en agissant en tant que collaborateurs plutôt qu'instructeurs.

L'auteur ajoute que si les ergothérapeutes veulent demeurer utiles dans notre société à évolution rapide, ils doivent se préparer à agir comme consultants dans le système de soins plutôt que de s'en tenir à l'application de modalités thérapeutiques reliées à des pathologies spécifiques. Les ergothérapeutes doivent appliquer leur connaissance des maladies et handicaps directement en relation avec le système social plutôt que de se confiner dans des institutions de dispensation de soins. Ils doivent travailler de concert avec les autres travailleurs professionnels et non professionnels à améliorer la qualité de vie des personnes handicapées ou démunies.
Old Themes, New Directions — Occupational Therapy in the 21st Century
Authors: Brintnell E. Sharon , Madill Helen M. , Cardwell M. Thelma , Robinson Isobel M.
Published: March 2013

The paper begins with a brief look at direction for the future of occupational therapy as expressed in occupational therapy literature over the past six decades. The major contribution in the areas of practice, research and education, professional organization and therapy/knowledge base are highlighted. It then considers current social issues in Canadian society which have a bearing on occupational therapy and implications for its future development; population trends, health status and hospitalization, universal access to health and social services, unemployment, client expectations, multiculturism medical ethics, family breakdown and child abuse. It looks at the occupational therapy profession in relation to these social issues and concludes with a summary of implications for occupational therapy and predictions for its future into the 21st century based on the analysis of these trends.
The Occupational Therapist's Role in the Management of Diabetes
Authors: Andrew Mavis
Published: March 2013

This paper will describe the Diabetic Day Centre program at the Lions Gate Hospital, and the occupational therapist's unique role in that program. Diabetic processes or characteristics which influence assessment and intervention by rehabilitation personnel will be discussed, as well as lifestyle management techniques which promote the patient's physical and psychological well-being. Adaptive equipment available for managing medications will be reviewed.
L'ergothérapie et l'enfant: Description de la pratique québécoise
Authors: Ferland Francine , Lambert Jean , Saint-John Micheline , Weiss-Lambrou Rhoda
Published: March 2013

Cet article présente les résultats d'une enquête menée auprès de 122 ergothérapeutes du Québec travaillant auprès d'une clientèle infantile. Cette enquête avait pour objectif de préciser la clientèle rejointe, les évaluations et les approches utilisées par ces ergothérapeutes. De plus, leurs opinions face à la formation reçue, à l'avenir de l'ergothérapie auprès de l'enfant et à la philosophie de base de la profession étaient investiguées. Les données descriptives de même que les résultats d'analyse de composantes principales permettent de cerner globalement la pratique actuelle de ces ergothérapeutes et de dégager certaines tendances de la pratique pour l'avenir.