bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Francisco Bilbao y la Revista del Nuevo Mundo
Authors: Idrovo González María Verónica
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es delinear la construcción semántica y reflexiva de América y del ideal republicano en la Revista del Nuevo Mundo. Los conceptos «América» y «república» están inmersos en un proceso de ideologización que delinea un «horizonte de expectativa» que se plasma en una semántica relacionada con la libertad, la organización, la nacionalidad, la justicia y la soberanía, vocabulario político que forma parte del ideario de Francisco Bilbao, fundador de la revista. En un primer momento se realizará una aproximación a la Revista del Nuevo Mundo como soporte material de ideas, el contexto en el que esta aparece, las características formales que presenta y un acercamiento a las redes culturales e intelectuales alrededor de su fundador. En la segunda parte se abordará la construcción semántica en torno a los conceptos América y república como un «horizonte de expectativa» entrelazado a la idea de unión y porvenir.
El novelista como intelectual. La función pública de la novela de folletín en la Francia del siglo XIX
Authors: Sánchez Téllez Ingrid
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es elucidar algunas de las condiciones históricas e intelectuales que propiciaron que la novela de folletín colaborara en la aparición del intelectual público. Para tal fin, el artículo rastrea, en algunos textos literarios del siglo xix francés y algunas obras historiográficas, la correlación entre historia y literatura. Al recuperar las investigaciones que han dado cuenta de la aparición de la novela de folletín y el tipo de lector que produjo, es posible evidenciar la relación entre la prensa y la novela de folletín para el devenir del intelectual. Por consiguiente, este artículo indaga en las condiciones de producción de las nuevas formas literarias surgidas con la masificación del periódico: la novela de folletín.  El artículo está dividido en tres partes. La primera parte es un estudio sobre el surgimiento de la novela de folletín y la novela de misterios como resultado del nuevo proceso de producción y popularización de la prensa. La segunda parte propone la figura del novelista como el primer intelectual público. La tercera parte redefine el término intelectual para establecer las implicaciones de la ética social del novelista intelectual en condición de prensa para la historia literaria actual. Esta reflexión se sitúa en el marco del conflicto social surgido tras el caso Dreyfus, momento histórico en el que surge el intelectual público.
Prediction of Drug-Target Binding Kinetics for Flexible Proteins by Comparative Binding Energy Analysis
Authors: Nunes Alves Ariane , Ormersbach Fabian , Wade Rebecca , Nunes-Alves Ariane
Published: June 2021

There is growing consensus that the optimization of the kinetic parameters for drug-protein binding leads to improved drug efficacy. Therefore, computational methods have been developed to predict kinetic rates and to derive quantitative structure-kinetic relationships (QSKRs). Many of these methods are based on crystal structures of ligand-protein complexes. However, a drawback is that each protein-ligand complex is usually treated as having a single structure. Here, we present a modification of COMparative BINding Energy (COMBINE) analysis, which uses the structures of protein-ligand complexes to predict binding parameters. We introduce the option to use multiple structures to describe each ligand-protein complex into COMBINE analysis andapply this to study the effects of protein flexibility on the derivation of dissociation rate constants (koff) for inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, which has a flexible binding site. Multiple structures were obtained for each ligand-protein complex by performing docking to an ensemble of protein configurations obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Coefficients to scale ligand-protein interaction energies determined from energy-minimized structures of ligand-protein complexes were obtained by partial least squares regression and allowed the computation of koff values. The QSKR model obtained using single, energy minimized crystal structures for each ligand-protein complex had a higher predictive power than the QSKR model obtained with multiple structures from ensemble docking. However, the incorporation of protein-ligand flexibility helped to highlight additional ligand-protein interactions that lead to longer residence times, like interactions with residues Arg67 and Asp168, which are close to the ligand in many crystal structures. These results show that COMBINE analysis is a promising method to guide the design of compounds that bind to flexible proteins with improved binding kinetics.
Requirements for Beneficial Electrochemical Restructuring: A Model Study on a Cobalt Oxide in Selected Electrolytes
Authors: Villalobos Javier , Gonzales-Flores Diego , Urcuyo Roberto , Montero Mavis L. , Schuck Götz , Beyer Paul , Risch Marcel
Published: June 2021

The requirements for beneficial materials restructuring into a higher performance OER electrocatalyst are still a largely open question. Here we use Erythrite (Co3(AsO4)2 8H2O) as a Co-based OER electrocatalyst to evaluate its catalytic properties during in-situ restructuring into an amorphous Co-based catalyst in four different electrolytes at pH 7. Using diffraction, microscopy and spectroscopy, we observed a strong effect in the restructuring kinetics depending of the anions in the electrolyte. Only carbonate electrolyte could activate the catalyst electrode, which we relate to its slow restructuring kinetics. While its turnover frequency (TOF) reduced from 2.84 O2 Co-1 s-1 to a constant value of 0.10 O2 Co-1 s-1 after ~ 300 cycles, the number of redox active sites continuously increased, which explained the current increase of around 100%. The final activated material owns an adequate local order, a high Co oxidation state and a high number of redox-active Co ions, which we identify as the trinity for enhancing the OER activity. Thus, this work provides new insights into for the rational design of high-performance OER catalysts by electrochemical restructuring.
Structure Determination, Thermal Stability and Dissolution Rate of δ Indomethacin
Authors: Andrusenko Iryna , Hamilton Victoria , Lanza Arianna E. , Hall Charlie L. , Mugnaioli Enrico , Potticary Jason , Buanz Asma , Gaisford Simon , Piras Anna , Zambito Ylenia , Hall Simon R. , Gemmi Mauro
Published: June 2021

The structure solution of the δ-polymorph of indomethacin was obtained using three-dimensional electron diffraction. This form shows a significantly enhanced dissolution rate compared with the more common and better studied α- and γ-polymorphs, indicating an increased bioavailability for medicinal applications. The structure was solved in non-centrosymmetric space group P21 and comprises two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Packing and molecule conformation closely resemble indomethacin methyl ester and indomethacin methanol solvate. Knowledge of the structure allowed the rational interpretation of spectroscopic IR and Raman data for δ-polymorph and a tentative interpretation for still unsolved indomethacin polymorphs. Finally, we observed a solid-solid transition from δ-polymorph to α-polymorph that can be driven by similarities in molecular conformation.
Synthesis and Use of Janus SiO2 Nanoparticles for Formulating Model Heavy Oil Macroemulsions
Authors: Mercado D. Fabio , Ballesteros-Rueda Luz Marina , Lizarazo-Gómez Cindy C. , Núñez-Rodríguez Brucxen E. , Arenas-Calderón Edward , Baldovino Medrano Víctor Gabriel
Published: June 2021

Janus nanoparticles have applications in many fields. Particularly, the oil industry is interested in applying them for enhanced oil recovery. Within this context, there is a need to understand the influence of the factors involved in the formulation of crude oil type emulsions over their properties and rheological behavior. In this contribution, spherical SiO2 Janus nanoparticles of two different sizes were synthesized and used as surfactants for the formulation of aqueous emulsions with two model oils: namely, squalane and vacuum gas oil. Factorial experiments were designed and made to analyze the effects of the particle size of the Janus nanoparticles, the water content, the emulsification energy, and of the second and third order interactions between these variables over the droplet size distributions, polydispersity, and rheological profiles of the emulsions. On the one hand, it was found that the used Janus nanoparticles produced either water in oil (for vacuum gas oil) or oil in water (for squalane) depending on the chemistry of the oil phase. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that non-additive factors play an important role over the properties of the emulsions; especially in the case of the water in oil ones. These effects also implied non-additive correlations between the droplet size distributions of the emulsions and their rheological behavior. Therefore, this work demonstrates that simpler linear relationships do not suffice for finding the best conditions for formulating crude oil type emulsions aimed for applications such as enhanced oil recovery.
Potential Dependence of the Ionic Structure at the Ionic Liquid/water Interface Studied Using MD Simulation
Authors: Ishii Kosuke , Sakka Tetsuo , Nishi Naoya
Published: June 2021

The structure at the electrochemical liquid/liquid interface between water (W) and trioctylmethylammonium bis (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide, a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in which the interfacial potential difference was controlled. On the IL side of the IL|W interface, ionic multilayers were found in the number density distribution of IL ions whereas monolayer-thick charge accumulation was found in the charge density distribution. This suggests that the potential screening is completed within the first ionic layer and the effect of overlayers on the potential is marginal. The W side of the interface showed the diffuse electric double layer as expected, and also unveiled a density depletion layer, indicating that the IL surface is hydrophobic enough to be repelled by water. The IL ions in the first ionic layer showed anisotropic orientation even at the potential of zero charge, in which the polar moieties were oriented to the W side and the non-polar moieties preferred parallel to the interface. When an electric field is applied across the interface so that the IL ions are more accumulated, the non-polar moieties changed the parallel preference to more oriented to the IL side due to the dipolar nature of the IL ions. The ionic orientations at the IL|W interface were compared with those at other two IL interfaces, the vacuum and graphene interfaces of the IL. The parallel preference of the non-polar moieties was similar at the IL|graphene interface but different from the perpendicular orientation toward the vacuum side at the IL|vacuum interface. The comparison suggests that water behaves like a wall repelling IL ions like a solid electrode.
Controlling One-Electron vs Two-Electron Pathways in the Multi-Electron Redox Cycle of Nickel Diethyldithiocarbamate
Authors: Mazumder Md. Motiur , Burton Andricus , Richburg Chase , Saha Soumen , Cronin Bryan , Duin Evert , Farnum Byron
Published: June 2021

This manuscript describes electrochemical experiments in which a Nickel(III) intermediate is kinetically trapped by the addition of derivatized pyridine ligands to the electrolyte solution. EPR and DFT studies support the conclusion that pyridine coordinates in a trans- configuration and contains a small equilibrium between mono- and bis-pyridine structures. Electrochemical kinetic data provides evidences for decomposition pathways which ultimately result in Ni(IV) complexes.
Bonding Heterogeneity in Mixed-Anion Compounds Realizes Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Sato Naoki , Kuroda Norihide , Nakamura Shun , Katsura Yukari , Kanazawa Ikuzo , Kimura Kaoru , Mori Takao
Published: June 2021

Crystalline materials with intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity (κlat) pave the way towards high performance in various energy applications, including thermoelectrics. Here we demonstrate a strategy to realize ultralow κlat using mixed-anion compounds. Our calculations reveal that locally distorted structures in chalcohalides MnPnS2Cl (Pn = Sb, Bi) derives a bonding heterogeneity, which in turn causes a peak splitting of the phonon density of states. This splitting induces a large amount of scattering phase space. Consequently, κlat of MnPnS2Cl is significantly lower than that of a single-anion sulfide CuTaS3 with a similar crystal structure. Experimental κlat of MnPnS2Cl takes an ultralow value of about 0.5 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K. Our findings will encourage the exploration of thermal transport in mixed-anion compounds, which remain a vast unexplored space, especially regarding unexpectedly low κlat in lightweight materials derived from the bonding heterogeneity.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MẬT ĐỘ BAN ĐẦU VÀ CƯỜNG ĐỘ CHIẾU SÁNG ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG CỦA VI TẢO Nannochloropsis oculata
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thủy , Bình Mạc Như
Published: June 2021

Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định ảnh hưởng của mật độ ban đầu và cường độ chiếu sáng đến sinh trưởng của vi tảo Nannochloropsis oculata. Tảo được nuôi trong can nhựa có thể tích 20 L với 3 mức mật độ ban đầu khác nhau: 7,5×104 tb/mL (NT1); 8,5×104 tb/mL (NT2) và 9,5×104 tb/mL (NT3). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tảo Nannochloropsis oculata nuôi ở mật độ 8,5×104 tb/mL đạt mật độ cực đại cao nhất ở ngày nuôi thứ 10, có pha cân bằng ổn định hơn 2 nghiệm thức còn lại. Mật độ cực đại của 3 nghiệm thức lần lượt là 205,82±0,18×104 tb/mL; 267,24±0,37×104 tb/mL; 259,18±0,13×104 tb/mL. Thí nghiệm nuôi tảo ở 3 mức cường độ chiếu sáng 2000 lux (NT1), 3000 lux (NT2) và 4000 lux (NT3) cho thấy tảo Nannochloropsis oculata ở cường độ chiếu sáng 3000 lux đạt mật độ cực đại sớm nhất ở ngày nuôi thứ 10 (283,27±0,05×104 tb/mL), có pha cân bằng ổn định. Trong khi đó, tảo nuôi ở cường độ chiếu sáng 4000 lux đạt mật độ cực đại là 235,32±0,11×104 tb/mL, thấp nhất là ở cường độ 2000 lux, tảo chỉ đạt mật độ cực đại 226,12±0,20×104 tb/mL.
Predictive model construction for prediction of soil fertility using decision tree machine learning algorithm
Authors: R Jayalakshmi , M Savitha Devi
Published: June 2021

Agriculture sector is recognized as the backbone of the Indian economy that plays a crucial role in the growth of the nation’s economy. It imparts on weather and other environmental aspects. Some of the factors on which agriculture is reliant are Soil, climate, flooding, fertilizers, temperature, precipitation, crops, insecticides, and herb. The soil fertility is dependent on these factors and hence difficult to predict. However, the Agriculture sector in India is facing the severe problem of increasing crop productivity. Farmers lack the essential knowledge of nutrient content of the soil, selection of crop best suited for the soil and they also lack efficient methods for predicting crop well in advance so that appropriate methods have been used to improve crop productivity. This paper presents different Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms such as Decision tree, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the fertility of soil based on macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients status found in the dataset. Supervised Machine Learning algorithms are applied on the training dataset and are tested with the test dataset, and the implementation of these algorithms is done using R Tool. The performance analysis of these algorithms is done using different evaluation metrics like mean absolute error, cross-validation, and accuracy. Result analysis shows that the Decision tree is produced the best accuracy of 99% with a very less mean square error (MSE) rate.
Downtrend of banking sectors using technical analysis
Authors: M Rahini , M Vivek Prabu
Published: June 2021

The Banking industry plays a very significant role in the economy and the development of a country. It is important to our nation’s economy as it caters to the need of credit for all the section of the nation. In this paper, we are focusing on the stocks of Yes Bank Limited, Axis Bank Limited and ICICI Bank Limited and analyze them technically. Using technical analysis, we could predict the future price movements of stocks by examining the present and the past price movements of stocks.  It has many tools and indicators like SMA, EMA, RSI, MACD and P&L which are used for forecasting the future stock price and also identify the pattern, trend and it directs when to buy and sell stocks.
The Attaintment of Healthy Mind Through Islamic Education Between al-Ghazali and Zakiah Daradjat: A Comparative Analysis Study
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Nurrosyid Huda
Published: June 2021

Zakiah said that religion is a psychological need that must be demanded. In line with him, Ghazali emphasized that the science of religion is the basis of his ethical system. Reaching a healthy mind can be obtained through Islamic education. This is qualitative research with a comparative analysis method. To produce the thoughts of these two scholars are increasingly clearly illustrated. The researcher found that the two figures had the same conclusion in achieving a healthy mind. That is, someone had to look for it through education that emphasized good character. However, they have several different points of thought regarding defining the soul and its relationship to the healthy mind.
Analyzing the Properties of Saliva to Act as a Viable Fuel Source and Its Capabilities to Interact with Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Powered Theoretical Diagnostic Devices Beneficial to Low-income Communities
Authors: Dhall Krisha , Rajasuresh Krismaa
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The WHO has stated that about 50% of the world lacks access to secure and continuous supply of electricity, heavily impacting the healthcare industry in these countries. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) can be a low cost-efficient energy source capable of powering medical devices in low-income countries. Due to the components and impurities found in saliva, this biofluid can behave like an electrolyte and a viable fuel source to power the MFC. With this capability, saliva has the potential to power micro-gadgets with microbial fuel cells capable of degrading the components of saliva. Thus, this study explores saliva’s potential to act as a fuel source to power microbial fuel cells within medical diagnosis devices.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted through primary and secondary research articles exploring and comparing the use of saliva as an energy source compared to other biofluids. Key terms focused for meta-analyses include: ‘semiconductors’, ‘saliva’, ‘microbial fuel cells’, ‘point-of-care’.
Results: Previous research has discovered that lysozyme enzymes present in saliva can create an electrical charge that can successively power biomedical devices. Researchers have also created paper-based batteries containing frozen exoelectrogenic cells, powered by the bacterial degradation of human spit. Saliva has been demonstrated to contain similar biomarkers to urine, a successful diagnostic biofluid, and can therefore be used as a diagnostic biofluid as well.
Discussion: Given saliva’s capabilities, a hypothetical diagnostic device powered using saliva as the biofluid, was designed. Bacteria break down the saliva, allowing protons to travel from the anode to the cathode resulting in electricity. It was determined that graphite would be the most cost-efficient and energy producing electrode material for the device. In addition, this electricity that is produced will power the diagnostic device attached.
Conclusion: Saliva can act as a fuel source, capable of powering diagnostic devices using microbial fuel cells with saliva. These properties can be beneficial to many people who do not have access to preliminary diagnosis. This can result in immediate treatment and help prevent further spread of diseases, vital for those in low-income countries. Broad scale applications of using saliva can be directed towards exterior lighting systems and powering larger medical devices.
Impact of Tourism Receipts, FDI and Energy Usage on Economic Growth in South Asia
Authors: Nosheen Farhana , Ahmad Umar Suffian , Anjum Sadia , Kouser Robina
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The study examines the significant and direct influence of FDI and tourism income on economic growth in selected South Asian countries. . Design/Methodology/Approach: The study has made use of ARDL regression methodology to analyze the influence of tourism receipts, FDI and energy usage on economic growth.Findings: This study shows a strong long-term FDI, tourist receipts, and energy links, whereas the effects of these variables are less valuable in the short term.Implications/Originality/Value: It is generally recognized that FDI accompanies general economic expansion, the development of tourism, and the use of energy around the globe. However, several empirical outcomes have been disclosed in a long-standing discussion.
Uso de videoconferência para defesas de teses e dissertações na UFMG em tempos de COVID-19
Authors: Dias Rafael Gonçalves , Dias Célia da Consolação
Published: June 2021

Devido a pandemia provocada pelo surto do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) causador da COVID-19, as atividades de ensino pesquisa, extensão foram inicialmente suspensas e posteriormente ajustadas ao formato remoto. Dentre todas as atividades desenvolvidas nas universidades, destacam-se as mudanças na realização das defesas de teses e de dissertações, em que são apresentados os resultados de pesquisas científicas desenvolvidas nos Programas de Pós-graduação, a partir de 2020. Isso gerou a necessidade de programas de pós-graduação se adaptarem a essa realidade momentânea para continuarem suas atividades por meio de soluções tecnológicas de informação, de forma remota e com a presença virtual da banca. Nesse cenário, este estudo tem por objetivo apresentar as ações implementadas pelos programas de pós-graduação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), no período da pandemia, para a realização das sessões de defesas de teses e de dissertações por videoconferência, visando destacar os benefícios dessa prática no contexto da comunicação científica. Para tanto, como técnica de coleta de dados, optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa documental através de consulta a sites de departamentos de pós-graduação da UFMG e uma coleta de dados com uso de questionário online para identificar informações sobre a realização das sessões de defesas. Os participantes da pesquisa compreenderam 34 programas de pós-graduação com notas 6 e 7, selecionados na plataforma SUCUPIRA e que foram posteriormente analisados. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a maioria dos programas divulga agenda de defesas online por videoconferência, sendo que em alguns casos, aberto ao público em geral. Tem-se utilizado aplicativos como Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet e YouTube. Porém, não foram localizados registros de que esses materiais audiovisuais tenham sido armazenados em qualquer tipo de sistema, levando-se a refletir sobre ações de disponibilização e preservação dessas gravações.
Desinformação sobre o Covid-19 no WhatsApp: a pandemia enquadrada como debate político
Authors: Soares Felipe Bonow , Recuero Raquel , Volcan Taiane , Fagundes Giane , Sodré Giéle
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, discutimos como é enquadrada a desinformação sobre o Covid-19 no WhatsApp no Brasil. Nossos objetivos são: (1) analisar a influência do discurso político nestes processos e (2) identificar as características da desinformação sobre o Covid-19 nesta ferramenta. Para isso, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo em um conjunto de 802 mensagens coletadas por meio do Monitor do WhatsApp em março e abril de 2020. Os nossos principais resultados mostram que: (1) a pandemia foi enquadrada como debate político e a desinformação foi utilizada para fortalecer uma narrativa pró-Bolsonaro em momento de crise do governo; e (2) há grande prevalência de teorias da conspiração nas mensagens analisadas e a opinião aparece como a principal estratégia discursiva, resultado que pode estar relacionado com as características da plataforma.
Incorporação da temática das Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANC) na produção científica: um estudo em teses e dissertações
Authors: Casemiro Ítalo de Paula , Vendramini Ana Lucia do Amaral
Published: June 2021

As Plantas Alimentícias Não-Convencionais (PANC) ainda são um tema em ascensão no contexto científico brasileiro, até mesmo por ser uma temática recente (inserida a partir do ano de 2007 pelo pesquisador Valderly Ferreira Kinupp). Nesta pesquisa, apresentamos os resultados de um estudo cujo objetivo foi de mapear a produção científica sobre PANC em dissertações e teses produzidas em programas de pós-graduação no Brasil. Adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de uma pesquisa documental. A busca foi realizada no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES, onde foram encontradas 41 dissertações e 14 teses que tratavam como foco principal as PANC. Os resultados das análises feitas mostraram que: a) o desenvolvimento de teses na temática teve crescimento gradual a partir de 2011, atingindo, no ano de 2017, 17 defesas; b) destacam-se como produtoras dessas teses e dissertações as instituições localizadas na região Sudeste do Brasil, especialmente a Universidade Federal de Lavras; c) as pesquisas na área de  Ciências  Agrárias é a principal, quando tratamos do tema por área do conhecimento, com destaque também para as pesquisas nas áreas de  Ciência de  Alimentos e interdisciplinares. Além desses achados identificamos que, a maior parte das pesquisas foram desenvolvidas por mulheres, além disso, a principal pesquisadora do tema é: Luciane Vilela Resende com cinco trabalhos orientados. Dentre as pesquisas encontradas também foi possível notar que, ampla maioria foram conduzidas por mulheres (42). O autor mais citado é Valdely Ferreira Kinupp. O mapeamento realizado possibilitou identificar a produção realizada no período analisado e identificar que, a temática das PANC está sendo desenvolvida por pesquisadores em importantes instituições de pesquisa no país.
Peculiarities of complex sentences with object clauses in the texts of mathematical works in the english and french languages
Authors: Volkova Elena Borisovna , Remennikova Irina Alexandrovna , Vecherinina Elena Alexeevna
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to study the basic structural and semantic qualities of two-component complex sentences with object clauses functioning in mathematical works in English and French. The works of outstanding modern mathematicians in the field of differential geometry and algebraic topology served as a material for the research. Using the technique of continuous sampling the authors extracted the sentences to be studied. The basic principles of communicative grammar, structural and semantic analysis, as well as statistical methods to process the extracted material, were applied. For the difficult material to be apprehended properly the language of mathematical works must obey some definite syntactical laws. Complex sentences with clear subordination of clauses favor to a great extent the logical consecutive statement of the mathematical text. Having a more complicated structure than simple sentences they are more evident in semantic facilitating apprehension of the information being conveyed. Constructions with object clauses are highly productive among the complex sentences of the inseparable type. As a rule, it is the subordinate clause that contains somewhat new that promotes the advancement of the course of reasoning whereas the main clause is assigned only an auxiliary part. The article covers such important features of the studied sentences as the position and construction of the main and subordinate clauses, their means of connection, morphological and semantic properties of the subordinating word, etc. In the course of analysis of these structures in the two languages, some common features (for example, the absolute predominance of the preposition of the main clause), as well as considerable differences (for example, the absence of a conjunction in English) are revealed, which should be taken into account at working with the texts of mathematical works in these languages.
The Influence of DNA Solution on Dipole Antenna Purcell Factor Spectra
Authors: YİĞİT Olcay , KUYUCUOĞLU Fadıl , ÖZTÜRK Yavuz
Published: June 2021

In this study, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) solution effect on the Purcell factor of an electric dipole antenna was analyzed. Any antenna tuned to a resonance can be described as a radiator, and the effect of the environment on its radiation can be defined as Purcell factor. It is possible to determine the Purcell factor in terms of the real part of the antenna input impedance. Therefore, the Purcell factor of an antenna in the presence of pure water and DNA solution was calculated through measuring the input impedance of a dipole antenna with resonance frequency of 9.6-11.6 GHz. The Purcell factor of the antenna was measured and analyzed in the frequency range 5-16 GHz for the samples placed at 5 mm to 20 mm from the antenna. The frequency bands where the maximum DNA sensitivity of Purcell factor occurs were determined.
TRIZ ile Problem Çözmede Sorunun Yeniden Tanımlanması: Problem Formülasyonu
Authors: KILIÇ Ali , KÜTÜK Mehmet Erkan , KAPUCU Sadettin
Published: June 2021

Bir problemin yenilikçi/yaratıcı çözümlerinin bulunabilmesi için en önemli adım problem tanımının yeniden düzenlenmesidir. Problem tanımını verildiği gibi alıp kullanmak, problem çözücünün bakış açısını kısıtladığı gibi tamamen yanlış yola da yönlendirebilir. Bununla birlikte çelişki içeren yenilikçilik ve yaratıcılık gerektiren problemlerdeki çelişkileri belirlemek zor olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, problem tanımının düzenlenmesine ve çelişkilerin belirlenmesine yönelik geliştirilmiş olan ‘problemi yeniden tanımlama’ algoritmasının endüstride karşılaşılan ‘taşıma sırasında ortaya çıkan palet devrilme’ sorununa uygulanması sunulacaktır. Problemin yeniden nasıl ifade edileceğinden ve bunun için izlenen süreçten bahsedilecektir. Elde edilen yeniden tanımlamalar ile çözüme erişmek için kullanılabilecek TRIZ yöntemleri önerilecektir.
Kalite Test Fonksiyonları Kullanılarak Güncel Metasezgisel Optimizasyon Algoritmalarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: KIZILOLUK Soner , CAN Ümit
Published: June 2021

Doğadaki canlıların sürü davranışlarından, bitkilerden, insana özgü olgulardan, fizik, matematik, biyoloji ve kimya gibi bilimsel alanlardaki olaylardan esinlenen onlarca metasezgisel optimizasyon yöntemi mevcuttur. Bu yöntemler belirli problemlerde başarılı olmakla birlikte bütün problemlerde başarılı olamamaktadır. Bundan dolayı araştırmacılar tarafından her geçen gün yeni metasezgisel yöntemler önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ilk defa güncel Yapay Deniz Anası Optimizasyonu, Etçil Bitki Optimizasyonu, Giza Piramitleri İnşaatı Optimizasyonu, Gradyan Tabanlı Optimizasyon, Öğrenci Psikolojisine Dayalı Optimizasyon ve Tunik Sürüsü Optimizasyonu olmak üzere altı güncel metasezgisel optimizasyon algoritması 10 adet matematiksel kalite testi foksiyonunda 10, 30 ve 50 boyut değerleri baz alınarak ayrıntılı bir şekilde karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 10 kalite testinden 7’sinde en iyi sonuçları Öğrenci Psikolojisine Dayalı Optimizasyon vermiştir. Gradyan Tabanlı Optimizasyon’un ise 4 kalite testinde en iyi sonuçları verdiği görülmüştür. En kötü performansı ise Etçil Bitki Optimizasyonu ve Tunik Sürüsü Optimizasyonu göstermiştir. Süre bakımından karşılaştırmak üzere algoritmalar 50 boyutlu test fonksiyonlarında 1000 iterasyonda çalıştırılmış ve elde edilen ortalama çalışma süreleri incelendiğinde, Yapay Deniz Anası Optimizasyonu ve Tunik Sürüsü Optimizasyonu’nun en hızlı çalışan algoritmalar olduğu görülmektedir. Etçil Bitki Optimizasyonu ve Öğrenci Psikolojisine Dayalı Optimizasyon ise en yavaş çalışan algoritmalar olmuştur.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY PERFORMANCE OF TURKEY IN 2020
Authors: ARMAN Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Necip
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The performance of Turkey in 2020 in terms of environmental security is examined in this study.
Despite Turkey’s adoption of many international treaties about environmental issues, it is concluded
that Turkey’s environmental performance in 2020 was very low. The research uses the Environmental
Performance Index (EPI) and the Combating Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) to
access environmental security assessments. With the above results, it has been indicated that ecosystem
vitality, biodiversity and habitat, 􀏐isheries, ef􀏐icient use of energy, and climate policies are
the areas where the country performs the least. To add, The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization
of Turkey has underlined that water pollution is the most important environmental problem
in Turkey. Moreover, the fact that Turkey is one of seven countries that have not rati􀏐ied the Paris
Climate Agreement is determined as a major issue of environmental security.
Keywords: Human security, environmental security, Paris Climate Agreement, Environmental
Performance Index (EPI), Combating Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI).
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND WOMEN’S POLITICAL
REPRESENTATION: AN ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE IN FORMAL
POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN TURKEY FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: ATAKAN Ayşe GÖNÜLLÜ
Published: June 2021

Today, the necessity of addressing development not only with its economic dimension but also
with its social and environmental dimensions has been accepted by the international community.
Alternative Women and Development approaches that emerged in the 1970s also emphasized that
the idea of development without women would not be possible, and that the main development is
possible with the empowerment of women as important actors of development. It is a dominant
view that is agreed in the literature on women and gender studies that one of the most important
tools for achieving empowerment, which is conceptualized as “gaining the ability of women to
make strategic life choices”, is their participation in decision-making mechanisms. In this context,
it is vital for women to participate in formal politics with their own perspective in order to solve
their own problems based on their own gendered experiences. In this study, inadequate political
representation of women in Turkey, as a candidate to be among the developed countries, is
discussed from a gender perspective in terms of reasons, results and solutions.
Keywords: Political participation, gender, women and development, empowerment.
TURKEY’S CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES IN THE CONTEXT
OF GOVERNANCE
Authors: DURAKÇAY, Fulya AKGÜL , BOZKAYA Özge
Published: June 2021

Climate change is a global issue that has proven individual state-centred responses inadequate
and it necessitates sustainable collective actions. It requires cooperation and coordination at
global, national and local levels to tackle with its adverse effects. This study argues that climate
change’s cross-cutting nature and its effects compel states to adapt a new governance approach
as the most effective tool. Turkey as a part of the Mediterranean Basin is de􀏐ined as one of the
most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. Its position on global climate change
governance is intertwined with its priorities for economic development which makes it a “unique”
party to the current global climate change regime because of its “special circumstances”. This study
analyses the case of Turkey by identifying the reasons behind Turkey’s attitude and position in its
integration into the global climate change regime as well as its national responses to issues arising
from climate change. It aims to evaluate: the determinants of Turkey’s approach to climate change
governance and Turkey’s formulation of its national climate change policies. Also, it interrogates
the ef􀏐iciency of Turkey’s steps taken towards climate change mitigation. In order to analyse
Turkey’s existing national structure regarding climate change governance, of􀏐icial documents such
as strategy papers and action plans composed by Turkey and framework documents generated by
international organisations, mainly the UN, are used as primary sources as well as the prominent
publications as secondary resources. This study concludes that Turkey’s climate change policies
and governance structure are still at an early stage. There is a need for a shift in its policy patterns
towards climate change governance in the post-Paris Agreement context.
Keywords: Turkey, Climate Change, Governance, National Policies.
TURKEY’S POLITICAL STEPS AGAINST SYRIA CRISIS:
DECISION ANALYSIS OVER A CASE STUDY
Authors: IRK Orhan
Published: June 2021

In this study, the polyheuristic decision-making model is applied to a sample case and it is aimed to
analyze how and why political leaders make decisions during a crisis. Analyzing all aspects of a decision
made during a crisis is important in understanding how effective the solutions are. It is expected that an
analysis of crisis and an investigation of the process from a wider perspective will be useful for better
understanding of the Turkey’s reactions during the crisis when its RF-4E “Phantom” type air craft has
been shot down in 2012. The reason of choosing this case study is the results of decisions taken duruing
the crisis for Turkish foreign policy in the following periods. The article consists of the introduction
part about the general overview of Turkish-Syrian relations, a part explaining the decision-making
processes and decisions of political leaders as well as the polyheuristic decision-making model, a part
with implementation of the model to the choosen case and a conclusion part. During the crisis Turkey
has made decision to use military force by changing the rules of engagement and creating the positive
perception in the international community. However, it was not contented with the decision to use
military force alone. Turkey did not wait for the spontaneous reaction of the international community.
Turkey has mobilized international forces like NATO. This means that two different decisions are made
sequentially and quickly. Turkish political leaders have implemented the decisions in turn that had been
choosen among the alternatives. It is expected that the study would contribute to the fi eld, improving
researches on the decision-making processes with more comprehensive discussions in the future.
Keywords: Syrian Crisis, Political Leadership, Polyheuristic Model.
TURKEY-EUROPEAN UNION RELATIONS DURING THE TIMES OF CRISIS AND
PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE FUTURE
Authors: ABKA Sinem
Published: June 2021

Turkish Republic has always been a west-oriented country since its establishment in 1923.
In this regard the membership application to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1959
was a direct consequence of the desire to take part in the Western alliances. Despite the mutual
willingness of the two parties the bilateral relations did not progress rapidly due to the political
problems Turkey had to struggle as well as the further integration prospects of the EEC. The
progress was 􀏐inally achieved in the late 1990s after the EEC was transformed into the European
Union (EU) which turned to be a political community with its own single market. Turkey was
􀏐inally granted candidate status at the Helsinki Summit of 1999 where Turkey was obliged to
meet the Copenhagen criteria and to harmonize its policies with the acquis communautaire of
the EU. Despite the initiation of the negotiations in 3 October 2005 the bilateral relations have
almost been suspended due to the internal political dynamics of the two parties as well as the
international conjuncture. The main target of this study is to make a prediction about the future
developments of Turkey-EU relations during the 2020s which are foreseen as the times of crisis.
Accordingly, the study offers that although the EU would not be able to guarantee full membership
for Turkey in the upcoming years, the bilateral relations would not be expected to be suspended
due to the interdependence in the areas of energy, security and economy. Methodologically the
study applies on the secondary resources to overview Turkey-EU relations during the times of
crisis in history and depending on the existing literature makes a prediction about the possible
scenarios which the bilateral relations could be re-formulated.
Strategies to Improve Survival from Surgery for Heart Valve Implantation in Sheep
Authors: Vis Annemijn , Lammers Jan CAM , de Vroege Roel , van Nieuwburg Martijn MJ , Jansen Marlijn S , Visser Joyce MJ , Meuris Bart , Gründeman Paul F , Kluin Jolanda
Published: June 2021

Sheep are a commonly used and validated model for cardiovascular research and, more specifically, for heart valve research. Implanting a heart valve on the arrested heart in sheep is complex and is often complicated by difficulties in restarting the heart, causing significant on-table
mortality. Therefore, optimal cardioprotective management during heart valve implantation in sheep is essential. However, little is known about successful cardioprotective management techniques in sheep. This article reports our experience in the cardioprotective management of 20 female sheep
that underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with a stented tissue-engineered heart valve prosthesis. During this series of experiments, we modified our cardioprotection protocol to improve survival. We emphasize the importance of total body hypothermia and external cooling of the heart.
Furthermore, we recommend repeated cardioplegia administration at 20 min intervals during surgery, with the final dosage of cardioplegia given immediately before the de-clamping of the aorta. To reduce the number of defibrillator shocks during a state of ventricular fibrillation (VF), we have
learned to restart the heart by reclamping the aorta, administering cardioplegia until cardiac arrest, and de-clamping the aorta thereafter. Despite these encouraging results, more research is needed to finalize a protocol for this procedure.
Perkembangan Sejarah dan Isu-Isu Terkini dalam Sastra Bandingan
Authors: Nugraha Dipa
Published: June 2021

This article aims to describe the historical development of comparative literature and its current issues. Comparative literature is a mandatory course in the Indonesian language and literature study program in most Indonesian universities. There are at least six books used as common references in teaching comparative literature in Indonesia. However, these books have not covered recent development in comparative literature, especially the emergence of Chinese school and some new directions within comparative literature. This literature review article collects references from selective authoritative sources on the internet to describe the historical development of comparative literature and its current issues. This article shows that the expansions in comparative literature are intricate with deconstruction and reconstruction of world literature, dialogue and the meeting between West and East, and the presence of the digital age. From the dialogue on world literature and West meeting East vice versa, the Chinese school has its foundation, whilst the presence of the digital age makes comparative literature have new things to explore and work on the usage of the different medium in an umbrella term, intermediality.
Strategi Komunikasi dalam Upaya Penerapan Sustainable Tourism Development di Pulau Derawan
Authors: Sandra Arvina , Hairunnisa Hairunnisa , Althalets Fareis
Published: June 2021

Pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan merupakan suatu inovasi untuk menghadapi transformasi ekonomi pasca migas dan batu bara di Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa penerapan Sustainable Tourism Development di Kalimantan Timur khususnya pada Pulau Derawan, Kabupaten Berau. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus intrinsic yang dilakukan selama periode Agustus 2018 sampai September 2018. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masih dibutuhkan evaluasi dan koordinasi secara berkelanjutan agar terciptanya pemerintahan terintegrasi khususnya antara Dinas Pariwisata provinsi Kalimantan Timur dan Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Berau dalam menerapkan Sustainable Tourism Development di Pulau Derawan, yang merupakan Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Nasional (KSPN). Koordinasi yang terpadu antara pemerintah daerah, pemerintah kabupaten, pemangku kepentingan dan masyarakat akan mempermudah alur komunikasi untuk menyampaikan pesan agar mencapai tujuan yang optimal. Selain itu, kesadaran masyarakat di Pulau Derawan mempermudah suatu inovasi yang masuk, dan dapat membantu menerapkan pembangunan pariwisata sesuai dengan prinsip keberlanjutan.
Pruebas diagnósticas: Razones de probabilidad
Authors: Torregroza Diazgranados Eduardo de Jesus
Published: June 2021

La utilidad de una prueba diagnóstica se cuantifica mediante el cálculo de dos medidas:

Medidas de probabilidad.
Medidas de razones de probabilidad.

Las medidas de probabilidad son la sensibilidad, la especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y el valor predictivo negativo.
La sensibilidad y la especificidad de una prueba diagnóstica se usan para escoger la mejor prueba a utilizar, entre varias pruebas diagnósticas disponibles; sin embargo, estas dos medidas no pueden ser utilizadas para estimar la probabilidad de determinada enfermedad en un paciente en particular.
En la práctica clínica usual, es esencial saber cuál es la probabilidad que un paciente con un resultado positivo en una prueba diagnóstica presente la enfermedad; y cuál es la probabilidad que un paciente con un resultado negativo en una prueba diagnóstica no presente la enfermedad. Los valores predictivos positivos y negativos nos brindan la respuesta a esta cuestión. Sin embargo, los valores predictivos positivo y negativo dependen tanto de la sensibilidad y especificidad así como de la prevalencia de la enfermedad en la muestra del estudio.
Las medidas de razones de probabilidad son la segunda forma de describir el rendimiento o utilidad de una prueba diagnóstica.
Las razones de probabilidad poseen dos propiedades importantes:

Resumen el mismo tipo de información que la sensibilidad y la especificidad.
Pueden utilizarse para calcular la probabilidad de la enfermedad después de una prueba positiva o negativa.

El propósito de esta publicación es definir el definir el concepto de razones de probabilidad, describir sus principales fortalezas y explicar cómo se calculan las razones de probabilidad cuando la prueba de interés expresa sus resultados en forma dicotómica (positivo / negativo), en más de dos categorías o de forma ordinal.
Abdomen abierto y cierre temprano de la pared abdominal
Authors: Ramirez Mendez Laura Natalia , Vega-Peña Neil Valentin , Domínguez-Torres Luis Carlos
Published: June 2021

El abdomen abierto es una opción terapéutica en pacientes críticamente enfermos. Se utiliza cuando el cierre de la cavidad abdominal no puede o no debe ser realizado. No obstante, su utilidad como parte de una estrategia tradicionalmente aceptada ha disminuido, en la medida en que se han incrementado las secuelas en la pared abdominal, en especial la hernia ventral. Los procedimientos requeridos para la reconstrucción anatómica y funcional de la pared abdominal, como parte del tratamiento de una hernia ventral, revisten una alta complejidad y constituyen un nuevo escenario quirúrgico. Igualmente, conllevan incertidumbre respecto a su naturaleza y posibles complicaciones, además de que condicionan mayores gastos al sistema de salud. Para evitar los problemas del cierre tardío de la pared abdominal, se han desarrollado alternativas para superar el abordaje tradicional de “tratar y esperar”, hacia “tratar y reconstruir” tempranamente. El objetivo de la presente revisión es realizar una descripción de los principales avances en el tratamiento del abdomen abierto y el papel del cierre temprano de la pared abdominal, haciendo énfasis en la importancia de un cambio conceptual en el mismo.