bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moderate grazing intensities modulate canopy structure that influences short‐term intake rate of heifers grazing a natural grassland
Authors: Wallau Marcelo , Neves Fabio , Caram Nicolas , Bremm Carolina , Pinto Cassiano E. , Da Trindade Julio K. , Mezzalira Jean , Carvalho Paulo C. F.
Published: October 2023

Grazing management frequently relies on forage availability as an indicator of performance. However, canopy structure and composition can play an important role in foraging behavior and intake in native grasslands. Here, we aim to (1) assess the effect of grazing management on herbage biomass, tussock cover, average canopy and inter‐tussock canopy height, and to (2) study the effect of these canopy structure components on short‐term intake rate (STIR) and patch selectivity of beef cattle, in a native grassland in the Campos region in southern Brazil. Ten 1000 m2 experimental units were built in five paddocks (two per paddock) managed with different herbage allowance (HA) treatments: four fixed year‐round HA (1 to 4 kg dry matter [DM]/kg live weight [LW]) and one variable HA (2 and 3 kg DM/kg LW during spring and the rest of the year, respectively). The experimental units were grazed individually with four heifers during 45 min, in two grazing cycles. Before each grazing session, we assessed the total herbage mass, average and inter‐tussock canopy height, and tussock cover. During the 45‐min grazing sessions, we evaluated the STIR (g DM/kg LW0.75/min) and grazing time in tussock and inter‐tussock strata. Increasing the HA increased the total herbage mass, canopy height and tussock cover. The STIR was maximized with herbage mass of 2200 kg DM/ha and a tussock cover of ~7%, canopy structures related with moderate grazing intensities (i.e., 2 and 3 kg DM/kg LW), which increased the selection opportunity by herbivores. Canopy structures associated with heavy (1 kg DM/kg LW) and lenient grazing intensity (4 kg DM/kg LW) determined linear decreases of 50% in STIR.
Dilp8 and its candidate receptor, Drl, are involved in the transdetermination of the Drosophila imaginal disc
Authors: Nemoto Kazuya , Masuko Keita , Fuse Naoyuki , Kurata Shoichiro
Published: October 2023

Drosophila imaginal disc cells can change their identity under stress conditions through transdetermination (TD). Research on TD can help elucidate the in vivo process of cell fate conversion. We previously showed that the overexpression of winged eye (wge) induces eye‐to‐wing TD in the eye disc and that an insulin‐like peptide, Dilp8, is then highly expressed in the disc. Although Dilp8 is known to mediate systemic developmental delay via the Lgr3 receptor, its role in TD remains unknown. This study showed that Dilp8 is expressed in specific cells that do not express eye or wing fate markers during Wge‐mediated TD and that the loss of Dilp8 impairs the process of eye‐to‐wing transition. Thus, Dilp8 plays a pivotal role in the cell fate conversion under wge overexpression. Furthermore, we found that instead of Lgr3, another candidate receptor, Drl, is involved in Wge‐mediated TD and acts locally in the eye disc cells. We propose a model in which Dilp8–Drl signaling organizes cell fate conversion in the imaginal disc during TD.
A next generation FVIII mimetic bispecific antibody, Mim8, the impact on non‐factor VIII related haemostasis assays
Authors: Bowyer Annette Elizabeth , Hickey Kieron , Kitchen Steve , Ezban Mirella
Published: October 2023

Introduction and aims

Mim8 is a next generation bispecific antibody developed for the treatment of haemophilia A (HA). Mim8 has an increased potency compared to first generation molecules. The impact on Mim8 on non‐FVIII measuring haemostasis assays was assessed in plasma containing Mim8.

Methods

Congenital severe HA plasma was spiked with increasing concentrations of Mim8 (0–20 μg/mL). 28 routine and specialist haemostasis assays were used to measure activities. These included tests for prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, thrombin, D‐dimer, anti‐Xa, heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), clotting factors II–XII, factor XIII, von Willebrand factor (VWF), thrombophilia and DRVVT.

Results and conclusions

Less than 10 % difference was calculated between plasma without Mim8 and plasma spiked to 15 μg/mL Mim8 in all assays except thrombin time (−10.5%), APTT‐based factor IX, XI and XII, Werfen VWF:RCo (10.6%) and Siemens LA1 (−26.4%) and LA2 (−16.9%). At the expected therapeutic steady state levels of Mim8 (5–8 μg/mL), less than 10% difference was calculated for thrombin time and Werfen VWF:RCo.

APTT‐based assays of FIX, XI and XII are significantly elevated in the presence of Mim8 and should not be performed. A chromogenic FIX assay could be used to accurately measure FIX activity in the presence of Mim8. There was some interference in the DRVVT method we used so local assessment of other DRVVT methods is advised. Differences in all other tests would not be predicted to affect patient management.
Accreditation model of European Haemophilia Centres in the era of novel treatments and gene therapy
Authors: Boban Ana , Baghaei Fariba , Karin Fijnvandraat , Klamroth Robert , Miesbach Wolfgang , Stephensen David , Kavanagh Mary , Noone Declan , Crato Miguel , Peyvandi Flora ,   EAHAD Accreditation and Audit of Haemophilia Centres Working Group
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The international certification of haemophilia centres in Europe is run by the European Association of Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) and European Haemophilia Consortium (EHC) since 2013. The centres are designated as European Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centres (EHCCC) or European Haemophilia Treatment Centres (EHTC), based on the specific requirements which evaluate centres’ ability to provide care for patients with haemophilia and allied disorders.

Aim

To establish the new protocol for accreditation of European Haemophilia Centres.

Methods

EAHAD, in collaboration with EHC, established Accreditation Working Group with the aim to define necessary measures to safeguard quality and improvement of bleeding disorders care throughout Europe and to build a novel model for accreditation of European Haemophilia Centres.

Results

The European guidelines for certification of haemophilia centres have been updated to guidelines for the accreditation and include all the requirements regarding facilities, laboratory and personnel needed for optimal management of novel treatment options, including the introduction of the hub‐and‐spoke model for delivery of gene therapy. A pilot project for the accreditation of haemophilia centres including on‐site audit has been designed.

Conclusion

Implementation of the novel accreditation protocol of the haemophilia treatment and haemophilia gene therapy centres has been made to further improve the quality of care for patients with haemophilia and other inherited bleeding disorders.
Forty years of Helicobacter pylori infection and changes in findings at esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: O'Connor Humphrey J.
Published: October 2023

Background

It is 40 years since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori infection. Over that time major changes have occurred in esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) findings. The aim of this review is to describe these changes, and the important role H. pylori infection has played in their evolution.

Methods

References were identified through searches of PubMed using the search terms—endoscopy time trends, peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, upper gastrointestinal cancer, gastric polyps, H. pylori, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, and celiac disease, from 1970 through December 2021.

Results

The prevalence of H. pylori infection has fallen and consequently, H. pylori‐positive peptic ulcer disease has become rare. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is now the commonest disorder diagnosed at EGD, and Barrett's esophagus has increased in parallel. Cancer of the distal stomach has fallen while esophageal adenocarcinoma and reflux‐related cardia cancer have risen. Gastric polyps have changed from hyperplastic and adenomas to sporadic fundic gland polyps. Antimicrobial resistance has made H. pylori infection more difficult to eradicate. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, particularly eosinophilic esophagitis, have emerged as important new allergic disorders. Celiac disease has changed and increased.

Conclusions

EGD findings appear to have changed from features suggesting a H. pylori‐positive “phenotype” 40 years ago to a H. pylori‐negative “phenotype” today. These changes have major implications for the management of gastrointestinal disorders.
Can proactively induced organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) foster positive work attitudes? Theorising the mediating role of ‘meaning of work’ for IT professionals
Authors: Chandra Shalini , Srivastava Shirish C. , Joseph Damien
Published: October 2023

Given the high employee turnover rates among information technology (IT) professionals, firms are on the lookout for ways to retain them. With this end in view, to keep their professionals committed and satisfied, many IT firms are making proactive efforts to induce a favourable organisational environment by encouraging employees towards extra‐role organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). However, there is scant evidence as to whether orchestrating proactively induced OCB results in positive work attitudes. Our study contributes by theorising the mechanisms through which OCB fosters positive work attitudes among IT professionals, which is expected to lower their turnover rates. Grounding our research in self‐perception and self‐determination theories, we hypothesize the relationships between IT professionals' OCB and their affective attitudes towards their organisation and job, as being mediated by their cognitive evaluations of the ‘meaning of their IT work’. We test the theorised model with data collected through a large‐scale two‐wave survey design from a multinational IT‐services company. The results offer a nuanced understanding of the relationship between OCB and positive work attitudes for IT professionals, which have significant implications for research and practice.
Broadband near infrared photoluminescence of Cu2+‐doped corundum (α‐Al2O3)
Authors: Romanov Alexey N. , Haula Elena V. , Kapustin Arseny A. , Kostyukov Alexey A. , Egorov Anton E. , Kuzmin Vladimir A. , Korchak Vladimir N.
Published: October 2023

Copper‐doped corundum (α‐Al2O3) possesses an intense broadband photoluminescence in the near infrared. This photoluminescence is originated from Cu2+ ions, which substitute for Al3+ ions in corundum lattice. Co‐doping with Ge is necessary to obtain the luminescent material. It seems, that simultaneous introduction of Ge is needed to provide the charge compensation for heterovalent Cu2+ → Al3+ substitution, in such a way that the whole process (Cu2+, Ge4+) → 2Al3+ is charge‐balanced. The broad photoluminescence spectrum matches well with transparency window of silica optical fibers and the quantum yield seems to be satisfactory, so copper‐doped corundum can become demanded as a new active media for solid state lasers and amplifiers. This is the first example of photoluminescence from octahedrally coordinated Cu2+ ion in oxide materials.
Beyond the dawn of virtualized learning environments: A comparative study of video and augmented reality information delivery on student engagement and knowledge retention
Authors: Geana Mugur V. , Cernusca Dan , Liu Pan
Published: October 2023

Background

Education is, after gaming, the second largest sector embracing augmented reality (AR) at an accelerated pace, yet studies on AR's potential as an efficient learning environment had mixed results.

Objectives

This study's primary objective is to test students' interaction with graphical 3D elements in AR and its impact on information retention. The second objective is to compare information retention from AR engagement with information retention from exposure to identical 3D content delivered via instructional video. Finally, the third objective explores students' perceptions of AR as a learning environment.

Methods

Sixty‐five college students participated in a two‐arm experiment followed by semi‐structured interviews.

Results and Conclusion

AR can efficiently deliver a meaningful learning experience and promotes information retention. Nevertheless, AR's interactive features and novelty may distract learners while they engage with the virtual environment. Objective data obtained through eye tracking and video monitoring showed similar levels of engagement with a 3D model for both environments. While both AR and video groups showed significant knowledge gain from pre to post‐intervention, the video format was overall significantly more effective than AR in increasing topic‐related information retention. However, participants preferred the AR learning environment significantly more than the video.

Takeaways

Although effective, AR is still a distracting instructional environment. Designing learning experiences tailored explicitly for AR environments requires additional research to ensure its successful deployment as a learning tool.
Factors predicting the progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation despite an index catheter ablation
Authors: Li Guan‐Yi , Elimam Ahmed Moustafa , Lo Li‐Wei , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Hu Yu‐Feng , Chung Fa‐Po , Chao Tze‐Fan , Lin Chin‐Yu , Liu Chih‐Min , Liao Jo‐Nan , Ton An Khanh‐ Nu , Yugo Dony , Lin Linda , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Kao Pei Heng , Liu Shin‐Huei , Chhay Chheng , Kuo Ling , Cheng Wen‐Han , Chen Wei‐Tso , Chen Shih‐Ann
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Despite undergoing an index ablation, some patients progress from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) to persistent AF (PersAF), and the mechanism behind this is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of progression to PersAF after catheter ablation in patients with PAF.

Methods

This study included 400 PAF patients who underwent an index ablation between 2015 and 2019. The patients were classified into three groups based on their outcomes: Group 1 (PAF to sinus rhythm, n = 226), Group 2 (PAF to PAF, n = 146), and Group 3 (PAF to PersAF, n = 28). Baseline and procedural characteristics were collected, and predictors for AF recurrence and progression were evaluated.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 58.4 ± 11.1 years, with 272 males. After 3 years of follow‐up, 7% of the PAF cases recurred and progressed to PersAF despite undergoing an index catheter ablation. In the multivariable analysis, a larger left atrial (LA) diameter and the presence of non‐pulmonary vein (PV) triggers during the index procedure independently predicted recurrence. Moreover, a larger LA diameter, the presence of non‐PV triggers, and a history of thyroid disease independently predicted AF progression.

Conclusion

The progression from PAF to PersAF after catheter ablation is associated with a larger LA diameter, history of thyroid disease, and the presence of non‐PV triggers. Meticulous preprocedural evaluation, patient selection, and comprehensive provocation tests during catheter ablation are recommended.
Genotype specific and microbiome effects of hypoxia in the model organism Daphnia magna
Authors: Coone Manon , Bisschop Karen , Vanoverberghe Isabel , Verslype Chris , Decaestecker Ellen
Published: October 2023

The fitness of the host is highly influenced by the interplay between the host and its associated microbiota. The flexible nature of these microbiota enables them to respond swiftly to shifts in the environment, which plays a key role in the host's capacity to withstand environmental stresses. To understand the role of the microbiome in host tolerance to hypoxia, one of the most significant chemical changes occurring in water ecosystems due to climate change, we performed a reciprocal gut transplant experiment with the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. In a microbiome transplant experiment, two genotypes of germ-free recipients were inoculated with gut microbiota from Daphnia donors of their own genotype or from the other genotype, that had been either pre-exposed to normoxic or hypoxic conditions. We found that D. magna individuals had a higher survival probability in hypoxia if their microbiome had been pre-exposed to hypoxia. The bacterial communities of the recipients changed over time with a reduction in alpha diversity, which was stronger when donors were pre-exposed to a hypoxic environment. While donor genotype had no influence on the long-term survival probability in hypoxia, donor genotypes was the most influential factor of the microbial community 3 days after the transplantation. Our results indicate that microbiome influencing factors mediate host fitness in a hypoxic environment in a time depending way.

Abstract

The fitness of the host is highly influenced by the interplay between the host and its associated microbiota. The flexible nature of these microbiota enables them to respond quickly to shifts in the environment, which plays a key role in the host's capacity to withstand environmental stresses. To understand the role of the microbiome in host tolerance to hypoxia, one of the most significant chemical changes occurring in water ecosystems due to climate change, we performed a reciprocal gut microbiome transplant experiment with the fresh water crustacean Daphnia magna. Two genotypes of germ-free recipients were inoculated with gut microbiota from Daphnia donors of their own genotype or from the other genotype, that had been either pre-exposed to normoxic or hypoxic conditions. We found that Daphnia magna individuals had a higher survival probability in hypoxia if their microbiome had been pre-exposed to hypoxia, moreover the bacterial communities of the recipients changed over time indicating that the microbiome mediates host fitness in a hypoxic environment in a time depending way.
Caring for nursing home residents with dementia during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Perspectives from administrators
Authors: Gadbois Emily A. , Brazier Joan F. , White Elizabeth M. , Hawes Courtney , Meehan Amy , Rafat Aseel , Geng Fangli , Rahman Momotazur , Grabowski David C. , Shield Renee R.
Published: October 2023

See related Editorial by Unroe and Towsley in this issue.
Disclosure of strategic collaborative agreements and the cost of equity capital
Authors: Du Ya‐Guang , He Ying , Guo Meng‐Nan
Published: October 2023

How corporate strategic disclosure affects investor evaluations is a crucial and widely discussed question. Although prior literature has spent efforts analyzing the information effect of strategic alliances on investor reactions, whether this effect can extend to the cost of equity capital still needs to be explored. Using data from China's A‐share listed firms from 2007 to 2021, we examine the impact of disclosing strategic collaborative agreements on equity capital costs. We find that disclosing strategic collaborative agreements relates to lower equity capital costs. These results hold after several robustness checks. The mechanism test reveals that announcing strategic collaborative agreements alleviates equity capital costs mainly through the information effect. Moreover, this effect is more salient in firms with lower agency costs, lower media coverage, positive media sentiment, and higher media quality. These findings suggest that strategic collaborative agreements provide investors with valuable information.
“I'm fighting with BPD instead of my partner”: A dyadic interpretative phenomenological analysis of the lived experience of couples navigating borderline personality disorder
Authors: O'Leary Abigail M. , Landers Ashley L. , Jackson Jeffrey B.
Published: October 2023

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with romantic relationship distress and dissolution. The complex interaction between BPD and romantic relationships warrants further attention. Dyadic interviews (N = 10) were conducted to examine the experience and impact of BPD on couples' relationships. The results of interpretative phenomenological analysis consisted of two superordinate themes describing the couple experience of navigating BPD: (a) the shared experience of BPD as a relational stressor; and (b) adaptive dyadic coping in the context of BPD. Although BPD was experienced as a relational stressor, dyadic coping and shared externalization of BPD emerged as central components to adaptive couple functioning. Most couples reported that therapy was a critical external resource in their journey toward adaptively functioning in the context of BPD, both intrapersonally and interpersonally. The lived experiences of these couples provides therapists with an increased understanding of the resources that support adaptive dyadic coping with BPD.
Agency Frictions and Procurement: New Evidence from U.S. Electricity Restructuring*
Authors: Abito Jose Miguel , Han Jin Soo , Houde Jean‐François , van Benthem Arthur A.
Published: October 2023

This article presents new quantitative evidence of the sources of efficiency benefits from deregulation. We estimate the heterogeneous effects of plant divestitures on fuel procurement costs during the restructuring of the U.S. electricity industry. Guided by economic theory, we focus on three mechanisms and find that restructuring reduced fuel procurement costs for firms that (i) were not subject to earlier incentive‐regulation programs, (ii) had relatively strong bargaining power as coal purchasers after restructuring, and (iii) were locked in with disadvantaged coal contracts prior to restructuring.
Making sense of linguistic diversity in Helsinki, Finland: The timespace of affects in the linguistic landscape
Authors: Pienimäki Hanna‐Mari , Väisänen Tuomas , Hiippala Tuomo
Published: October 2023

This article explores the spatiotemporal and affective qualities of linguistic landscapes at three linguistically diverse neighborhoods in Helsinki, Finland. The three sites were selected for qualitative fieldwork using a method that combines social media and population registry data with quantitative measures of diversity and spatial analytics. The article demonstrates how each site is characterized by its own distinct affective atmosphere, which is discursively construed and made sense of through references to other places and times. The timespace analysis of affects provides conceptual and methodological tools that allow analyzing the change and circulation of social meanings in the landscape, as well as differences in these aspects across settings.
The nanovirus U2 protein suppresses RNA silencing via three conserved cysteine residues
Authors: Yan Dankan , Han Kelei , Lu Yuwen , Peng Jiejun , Rao Shaofei , Wu Guanwei , Liu Yong , Chen Jianping , Zheng Hongying , Yan Fei
Published: October 2023

Nanoviruses have multipartite, circular, single‐stranded DNA genomes and cause huge production losses in legumes and other crops. No viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) has yet been reported from a member of the genus Nanovirus. Here, we demonstrate that the nanovirus U2 protein is a VSR. The U2 protein of milk vetch dwarf virus (MDV) suppressed the silencing of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene induced by single‐stranded and double‐stranded RNA, and the systemic spread of the GFP silencing signal. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the U2 protein was able to bind double‐stranded 21‐nucleotide small interfering RNA (siRNA). The cysteine residues at positions 43, 79 and 82 in the MDV U2 protein are critical to its nuclear localization, self‐interaction and siRNA‐binding ability, and were essential for its VSR activity. In addition, expression of the U2 protein via a potato virus X vector induced more severe necrosis symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The U2 proteins of other nanoviruses also acted as VSRs, and the three conserved cysteine residues were indispensable for their VSR activity.
Treatment of Distal Third Humeral Shaft Fracture with Intramedullary Nail Combined with Anterior Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis
Authors: Fu Gang , Zhang Yichong , Ke Shuyujiong , Zhu Dengke , Wu Jingxiang , Su Dengbang , Ge Hui , Chen Jianlong , MB Yan Zhang , Lin Fengfei , Chen Jianhai , Li Renbin
Published: October 2023

Objective

The treatment of distal third humeral shaft fracture is difficult. Studies have shown that anterior minimally invasive plate has lower probability of complication and higher healing rate. However there is no applicable anatomical plate at present. This study is to investigate the clinical effect of intramedullary nail combined with anterior minimally invasive plate in the treatment of distal humeral shaft fractures.

Methods

The data of 83 patients with lower humerus shaft fracture treated from September 2015 to January 2020 were analyzed. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into two groups: 40 patients were treated with intramedullary nailing combined with minimally invasive anterior plate fixation (group A), and 43 patients were treated with double plate fixation through posterior approach (group B). General preoperative data, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, total incision length, fracture healing time, shoulder and elbow visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Constant–Murley shoulder function score, Mayo elbow function score, and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Two independent sample t‐tests was used for follow‐up, age, BMI, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, total incision length, fracture healing time, Constant–Murley score and Mayo score, and rank sum test was used for VAS score of shoulder and elbow.

Results

There was no significant difference in preoperative general data between the two groups (p > 0.05), indicating comparability. There were no significant differences in operation time, total incision length, fracture healing time, Constant–Murley shoulder function score at the last follow‐up, Mayo elbow function score, and shoulder and elbow VAS pain score between 2 groups (p > 0.05). The amount of intraoperative blood loss in observation group was 76.98 ± 16.46, which was significantly less than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). There were no radial nerve injury, musculocutaneous nerve injury, incision infection and fracture nonunion in the observation group. In the control group, four cases of iatrogenic radial nerve injury, three cases of incision infection and three cases of fracture nonunion were found. The complication rate was 23.3% (10/43). There was statistical difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

A humeral intramedullary nail combined with an anterior minimally invasive plate in the treatment of distal humeral shaft fracture has the advantages of less soft tissue damage, less blood transfusion, high fracture healing rate and low risk of iatrogenic radial nerve injury, which is an effective method for clinical treatment of this type of fracture.
Analysis of Risk Factors for in‐hospital Death in Elderly Patients with TEXAS Stage 3 and 4 Diabetic Foot Ulcers after Tibial Transverse Translation: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Ding Xiaofang , Yuan Yusong , Xu Hailin , Jing Zhengwei , Lu Hao , Wang Yuanli , Zhou Junlin
Published: October 2023

Objective

Chinese physicians developed the Tibial Transverse Transport (TTT) technique to treat diabetic foot ulcers with more than 90% effective rate. But this method still could not avoid the in‐hospital death of patients. This study adopted a case‐control study to explore the risk factors of in‐hospital death in elderly patients with chronic ischemic diabetic foot after receiving TTT treatment.

Methods

A total of 54 patients were included in the study from January 1, 2017 to April 30, 2021, by being paired with the cases in case group with their demographic data and results of blood routine, liver and kidney function. There were nine patients in case group with six male and three male. Forty‐five patients were selected in control group according to gender and diabetes type with 30 male and 15 female. Single factor logics regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors and odd ratios (OR) of in‐hospital death in patients. The nomogram and decision curve analysis (DCA) had been done by R Studio software.

Results

The study found that age, course of diabetic foot, small dense low‐density Lipoprotein (smLDL), homocysteine (Hcy), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and prealbumin (PA) were risk factors for in‐hospital death of patients. The smLDL had the highest risk. The nomogram showed that PA accounted for the largest proportion in the death risk factors. The results of DCA proved that above six risk factors were the risk factors for patients with TEXAS Stage 3 and 4 diabetic foot ulcers.

Conclusion

In the future diagnosis and TTT treatment for diabetic foot ulcers, doctors need to pay close attention to age, course of diabetic foot, smLDL, Hcy, SOD, and PA.
Three decades of collaboration through the Pediatric Heart Transplant Society Registry: A journey through registry data with a highlight on children with single ventricle anatomy
Authors: Richmond Marc E. , Conway Jennifer , Kirklin James K. , Cantor Ryan S. , Koehl Devin A. , Lal Ashwin K. , McDonald Nancy , Gajarski Robert , Lin Kimberly Y. , Singh Rakesh K. , Fenton Matthew , Asante‐Korang Alfred , Amdani Shahnawaz , Auerbach Scott R. , Everitt Melanie D.
Published: October 2023

Background

The Pediatric Heart Transplant Society (PHTS) Registry was founded 30 years ago as a collaborative effort among like‐minded providers of this novel life‐saving technique for children with end‐stage heart failure. In the intervening decades, the data from the Registry have provided invaluable knowledge to the field of pediatric heart transplantation. This report of the PHTS Registry provides a comprehensive look at the data, highlighting both the longevity of the registry and one unique aspect of the PHTS registry, allowing for exploration into children with single ventricle anatomy.

Methods

The PHTS database was queried from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2019 to include pediatric (age < 18 years) patients listed for HT. For our analysis, we primarily analyzed patients by era. The early era was defined as children listed for HT from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2004; middle era January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009; and recent era January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Outcomes after listing and transplant, including mortality and morbidities, are presented as unadjusted for risk, but compared across eras.

Results

Since 1993, 11 995 children were listed for heart transplant and entered into the PHTS Registry with 9755 listed during the study period. The majority of listings occurred within the most recent era. Waitlist survival improved over the decades as did posttransplant survival. Other notable changes over time include fewer patients experiencing allograft rejection or infection after transplant. Waitlist and posttransplant survival have changed dramatically in patients with single ventricle physiology and significantly differ by stage of single ventricle palliation.

Key points from this PHTS Registry summary and focus on patients with single ventricle congenital heart disease in particular, include the changing landscape of candidates and recipients awaiting heart transplant. There is clear improvement in waitlist and transplant outcomes for children with both cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease alike.
(In defence of) preservationism and the previous awareness condition: What is a theory of remembering, anyway?
Authors: Openshaw James
Published: October 2023

I suggest that the theories of remembering one finds in the philosophy of memory literature are best characterised as theories principally operating at three different levels of inquiry. Simulationist views are theories of the psychofunctional process type remembering. Causalist views are theories of referential remembering. Epistemic views are theories of successful remembering. Insofar as there is conflict between these theories, it is a conflict of integration rather than—as widely presented—head‐on disagreement. Viewed in this way, we can see the previous awareness condition and preservationism as principles applying at only some of the corresponding levels of inquiry. Where either principle has been rejected, it is, I claim, due to arguments which slip between these different levels. While the view of the landscape I offer does not dissolve ongoing disputes about the nature of remembering, it clarifies the dialectical rules of engagement, helping to clear the path for future, collaborative progress to be made. The view enables us to see less conflict in the recent philosophy of memory literature than there seems at face value to be.
Risk factors for mortality in infancy and childhood in children with major congenital anomalies: A European population‐based cohort study
Authors: Tan Joachim , Glinianaia Svetlana V. , Rankin Judith , Pierini Anna , Santoro Michele , Coi Alessio , Garne Ester , Loane Maria , Given Joanne E. , Brigden Joanna , Ballardini Elisa , Cavero‐Carbonell Clara , de Walle Hermien E. K. , García‐Villodre Laura , Gatt Miriam , Gissler Mika , Heino Anna , Jordan Sue , Khoshnood Babak , Klungsoyr Kari , Lelong Nathalie , Lutke Renée L. , Neville Amanda J. , Tucker David , Urhoj Stine K. , Wellesley Diana , Morris Joan K.
Published: October 2023

Background

Preterm birth and young maternal age are known risk factors for infant and childhood mortality. There is limited knowledge of the impact of these risk factors in children born with major congenital anomalies (CAs), who have inherently higher risks of death compared with other children.

Objectives

To investigate the risk factors for mortality up to age 10 years in children born with specific major CAs.

Methods

This population‐based cohort study involved 150,198 livebirths from 1995 to 2014 in 13 European CA registries linked to mortality data. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the association of gestational age, maternal age and child's sex with death <1 year and 1–9 years for the whole cohort and by CA subgroup. Hazard ratios (HR) from each registry were pooled using multivariate meta‐analysis.

Results

Preterm birth had a dose–response association with mortality; compared with infants born at 37+ weeks gestation, those born at <28, 28–31 and 32–36 weeks had 14.88 (95% CI 12.57, 17.62), 8.39 (95% CI 7.16, 9.85) and 3.88 (95% CI 3.40, 4.43) times higher risk of death <1 year, respectively. The corresponding risks at 1–9 years were 4.99 (95% CI 2.94, 8.48), 3.09 (95% CI 2.28, 4.18) and 2.04 (95% CI 1.69, 2.46) times higher, respectively. Maternal age <20 years (versus 20–34 years) was a risk factor for death <1 year (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09, 1.54) and 1–9 years (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.19, 2.10). Females had 1.22 (95% CI 1.07, 1.39) times higher risk of death between 1 and 9 years than males.

Conclusion

Preterm birth was associated with considerably higher infant and childhood mortality in children with CAs, comparable to estimates reported elsewhere for the background population. Additional risk factors included young maternal age and female sex. Information on risk factors could benefit clinical care and guide counselling of parents following CA diagnoses.
Detection of major congenital malformations depends on length of follow‐up in Swedish National Health Register Data: Implications for pharmacoepidemiological research on medication safety in pregnancy
Authors: Segovia Chacón Silvia , Karlsson Pär , Cesta Carolyn E.
Published: October 2023

Background

In observational medication pregnancy safety studies, children are often followed from birth to 1 year of age. However, some major congenital malformations (MCM) may take longer to diagnose.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the proportion of children with detected MCMs at different lengths of follow‐up and compare them to the proportion detected at 1 year after birth.

Methods

This population‐based register study included all singleton children liveborn in Sweden from 2006 to 2016. MCM were identified by ICD‐10 codes in the Medical Birth Register and National Patient Register, aligned to the EUROCAT classification system. Cumulative proportion of children with detected MCM at birth, 90 days, 1, 2, and 3 years was calculated and compared between children born preterm and at term.

Results

In 1,138,113 liveborn children, the cumulative proportion of children with a detected MCM increased from 1.9% at birth to 3.1%, 3.9%, 4.4% and 4.7% at 90 days, 1, 2, and 3 years after birth, respectively, and varied by MCM subgroup. MCMs of the eye, ear‐face‐neck, nervous system and genitals were detected with the longest delay, with 31%–59% more detected at 3‐ versus 1‐year follow‐up. Compared to children born at term, the proportion of children with any MCM was 2.5 times higher amongst preterm children, with a higher proportion detected over the first 90 days for most MCM subgroups.

Conclusions

The proportion of children with a detected MCM varied by MCM subgroup and follow‐up time. In pharmacoepidemiology studies of medication safety in pregnancy using Swedish national data, the length of child follow‐up should be chosen in accordance with the expected age at detection if a specific subgroup of MCM is under investigation, for example, eye and genital MCM require longer follow‐up for detection than abdominal wall and digestive system MCM. However, in most circumstances, 1 year of follow‐up is sufficient.
Elevated CO2 differentially attenuates beryllium‐induced oxidative stress in oat and alfalfa
Authors: Sheteiwy Mohamed S. , Basit Farwa , El‐Keblawy Ali , Jośko Izabela , Abbas Saghir , Yang Haishui , Korany Shereen Magdy , Alsherif Emad A. , Dawood Mona F. A. , AbdElgawad Hamada
Published: October 2023

Elevated CO2 (eCO2) is one of the climate changes that may benefit plant growth under emerging soil contaminants such as heavy metals. In this regard, the morpho‐physiological mechanisms underlying the mitigating impact of eCO2 on beryllium (Be) phytotoxicity are poorly known. Hence, we investigated eCO2 and Be interactive effects on the growth and metabolism of two species from different groups: cereal (oat) and legume (alfalfa). Be stress significantly reduced the growth and photosynthetic attributes in both species, but alfalfa was more susceptible to Be toxicity. Be stress induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by increasing photorespiration, subsequently resulting in increased lipid and protein oxidation. However, the growth inhibition and oxidative stress induced by Be stress were mitigated by eCO2. This could be explained, at least partially, by the increase in organic acids (e.g., citric acid) released into the soil, which subsequently reduced Be uptake. Additionally, eCO2 reduced cellular oxidative damage by reducing photorespiration, which was more significant in alfalfa plants. Furthermore, eCO2 improved the redox status and detoxification processes, including phytochelatins, total glutathione and metallothioneins levels, and glutathione‐S‐transferase activity in both species, but to a greater extend in alfalfa. In this context, eCO2 also stimulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by accumulating its precursors (phenylalanine, coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and naringenin) and key biosynthetic enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, cinnamate hydroxylase, and coumarate:CoA ligase) mainly in alfalfa plants. Overall, this study explored the mechanistic approach by which eCO2 alleviates the harmful effects of Be. Alfalfa was more sensitive to Be stress than oats; however, the alleviating impact of eCO2 on Be stress was more pronounced in alfalfa.
The effect of top‐down knowledge hiding on subordinates' task performance in Chinese R&D projects: the mediating role of leader‐member ‘guanxi’
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Min Min
Published: October 2023

Although a growing number of studies on project knowledge hiding have identified the consequences of peer knowledge hiding in research and development (R&D) project settings, the effects of project managers' knowledge hiding on subordinates' task performance remain underexplored. Drawing on leader–member exchange theory, this study explores how different dimensions of project managers' knowledge hiding affect subordinates' task performance through leader‐member guanxi. Data were collected from a sample of 143 manager‐subordinate dyads in Chinese R&D teams. The results indicate that project managers' evasive hiding and playing dumb had negative influences on subordinates' task performance. Leader–member guanxi partially mediates the relationship between project managers' evasive hiding and subordinates' task performance. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications and limitations are discussed.
Identity Politics, Political Ideology, and Well‐being: Is Identity Politics Good for Our Well‐being?
Authors: Yancey George
Published: October 2023

Research indicates that political progressives have lower levels of mental well‐being than political conservatives. However, while attention has been paid to why conservatives have higher levels of well‐being relatively little attention has been used to examine why progressives may have comparatively low levels of well‐being. Recent events connected to a “Great Awokening” suggest that identity politics may correlate to a decrease in well‐being particularly among young progressives and offer an explanation tied to internal elements within political progressiveness. Regression analysis with data from the Baylor Religion Survey indicates that identity political variables, but not a desire for higher government spending, are consistently negatively related to lower well‐being and mediate the ability of progressive political ideology to predict lower levels of well‐being. By paying attention to political progressives, rather than political conservatives, a nuanced approach to understanding the relationship between political ideology and well‐being begins to emerge. It is plausible that political progressives are not equally prone to lower levels of well‐being as those committed to a class‐based type of progressive activism seem to be better off than those tied to issues of identity politics.
Family separation from military service and children's externalizing symptoms: Exploring moderation by non‐military spouse employment, family financial stress, marital quality, and the parenting alliance
Authors: Richardson Sabrina M. , Pflieger Jacqueline C. , Hisle‐Gorman Elizabeth , Briggs Ernestine C. , Fairbank John A. , Stander Valerie A.
Published: October 2023

Military separation is a well‐documented vulnerability point for service members, yet little is known regarding how children fare across this transition. The current study examined 909 military‐connected children from the Millennium Cohort Family Study (Wave 1 Mage = 3.88 years, SD = .095) across a 3‐year period to explore whether separation predicted child externalizing symptoms over and above Wave 1 externalizing levels, by comparing separated versus not separated military families over time. We also explored if non‐military spouse employment, financial stress, marital quality, or parenting alliance moderated the relation of separation with child externalizing. Data were collected via a parent‐reported online questionnaire and administrative military records. Results showed that separation was unrelated to externalizing. However, moderation analyses suggested that for those who separated, non‐military spouses’ employment prior to separation was related to less externalizing, whereas the parenting alliance was related to less externalizing only for families who remained in the military. Recommendations include assistance with spouse employment prior to military separation and parenting support throughout military service.
Beekeeping, stewardship and multispecies care in rural contexts
Authors: Maderson Siobhan , Elsner‐Adams Emily
Published: October 2023

Rural society consists of both humans and other‐than‐human species, whose needs may appear to contradict each other. There is a growing awareness of the shared ecological fate of all members of this interspecies community and the importance of transitioning to more caring, sustainable relationships between species. Various rural activities, and relationships with other species, are considered to be avenues for promoting care and stewardship of other‐than‐human species. Using interviews, archives and ethnographic research, this article explores how beekeepers navigate multiple and interrelated challenges as they care for their bees and the implications of this care for other species. The beekeeping community is heterogeneous and experiencing dramatic changes. This article finds that beekeepers have different motivations underpinning their diverse practices, yet all share a sense of stewardship for their own bees and for the wider physical environment; this manifests in their understanding of and interactions with other members of rural society. We propose that interspecies understandings and caring relationships, as exemplified within beekeeping, can support efforts towards sustainable socio‐ecological transitions.
Investigation on the forage utilization of indica and japonica weedy rice with strong ratooning ability
Authors: Dong Chenfei , Xu Nengxiang
Published: October 2023

There was few research on the utilization and development of weedy rice. Some weedy rice has remarkable good characteristics as forage in some soil which is difficult to plant crops and pastures. In this study, two weedy rice lines of japonica and indica subspecies with high ratooning ability (Xijing, japonica; Gaoxian, indica) were used to study the possibility of their forage utilization and related suitable cultivation methods. Three different stubble heights of first season were set in 2018 and 2019, and three cutting times of first season (heading stage, milk stage, and waxy ripening stage) were set in 2019. The ratoon grass was harvested 40 days after the first season harvest. For japonica weedy rice line Xijing, its grass yield was significantly lower than that of indica weedy rice line Gaoxian. The dry matter yield of first season grass plus ratoon grass of Gaoxian with the first season harvested at milk stage was the highest of all. The total digestible dry matter yield (first season grass plus ratoon grass) of Gaoxian with 15 cm cutting stubble of first season was higher than those of stubble 30 and 45 cm treatments (p < .05). In conclusions, indica weedy rice line Gaoxian, with high biomass of first season and good ratooning ability, had the good potential for forage development by harvesting first season at milk stage with 15 cm stubble height.