bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A risk assessment model of work safety in container dry ports
Authors: Hsu Wen-Kai , Wei Yu-Chen , Lee Chung-Hong , Hoang Long Van , Huynh Nguyen Tan
Published: March 2023

Risk assessment of work safety in container dry ports (CDPs) was conducted by adopting a continuous risk matrix (CRM) based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The study consisted of (a) identifying risk factors (RFs) for work safety at CDPs, (b) adopting the fuzzy AHP approach to estimate the likelihood and consequence weights of RFs and (c) developing a CRM to evaluate the risk level of work safety in CDPs. For the empirical study, CDPs in Vietnam were surveyed to verify the research model. The proposed CRM can be used as a reference for theoretical methodologies in risk-assessment research. At the same time, the empirical study can provide practical information for dry port managers to improve their performance towards work safety.
Detecting Neonatal AKI by Serum Cystatin C
Authors: Xu Xin , Nie Sheng , Xu Hong , Liu Bicheng , Weng Jianping , Chen Chunbo , Liu Huafeng , Yang Qiongqiong , Li Hua , Kong Yaozhong , Li Guisen , Wan Qijun , Zha Yan , Hu Ying , Xu Gang , Shi Yongjun , Zhou Yilun , Su Guobin , Tang Ying , Li Yanqin , Su Licong , Chen Ruixuan , Cao Yue , Gao Peiyan , Zhou Shiyu , Zhang Xiaodong , Luo Fan , Xu Ruqi , Gao Qi , Hou Fan Fan
Published: March 2023

Significance Statement

Serum creatinine is not a sensitive biomarker for neonatal AKI because it is confounded by maternal creatinine level, gestational age, and neonatal muscle mass. In this multicenter cohort study of 52,333 hospitalized Chinese neonates, the authors proposed serum cystatin C–related criteria (CyNA) for neonatal AKI. They found that cystatin C (Cys-C) is a robust and sensitive biomarker for identifying AKI in neonates who are at an elevated risk of in-hospital mortality and that CyNA detects 6.5 times as many cases as the modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria. They also show that AKI can be detected using a single test of Cys-C. These findings suggest that CyNA shows promise as a powerful and easily applicable tool for detecting AKI in neonates.

Background

Serum creatinine is not a sensitive biomarker for AKI in neonates. A better biomarker-based criterion for neonatal AKI is needed.

Methods

In this large multicenter cohort study, we estimated the upper normal limit (UNL) and reference change value (RCV) of serum cystatin C (Cys-C) in neonates and proposed cystatin C–based criteria (CyNA) for detecting neonatal AKI using these values as the cutoffs. We assessed the association of CyNA-detected AKI with the risk of in-hospital death and compared CyNA performance versus performance of modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) creatinine criteria.

Results

In this study of 52,333 hospitalized neonates in China, Cys-C level did not vary with gestational age and birth weight and remained relatively stable during the neonatal period. CyNA criteria define AKI by a serum Cys-C of ≥2.2 mg/L (UNL) or an increase in Cys-C of ≥25% (RCV) during the neonatal period. Among 45,839 neonates with measurements of both Cys-C and creatinine, 4513 (9.8%) had AKI detected by CyNA only, 373 (0.8%) by KDIGO only, and 381 (0.8%) by both criteria. Compared with neonates without AKI by both criteria, neonates with AKI detected by CyNA alone had an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.86; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.02 to 4.04). Neonates with AKI detected by both criteria had an even higher risk of in-hospital mortality (HR, 4.86; 95% CI, 2.84 to 8.29).

Conclusions

Serum Cys-C is a robust and sensitive biomarker for detecting neonatal AKI. Compared with modified KDIGO creatinine criteria, CyNA is 6.5 times more sensitive in identifying neonates at elevated risk of in-hospital mortality.
Flight activity of aphids in different colour traps on citrus orchard
Authors: Karacaoğlu Mehmet , Özdemir Işıl , Özdemir Mustafa , Satar Serdar
Published: March 2023

Aphids feed on plant sap from the phloem and xylem and cause the formation of honeydew. This damage is mostly done by wingless aphids, but winged aphids pose more economically important problems such as virus transmission. Cultural, biological, biotechnical and chemical control methods are used in the control of winged and wingless aphids. The flight activity of aphids is difficult to control because a minute or half an hour of feeding is sufficient for a single individual to transmit the disease. In order to benefit from or use integrated pest management strategies (IPM), monitoring the aphid population is the first and most critical step in deciding on the necessary control method. This study was carried out at Çukurova University Plant Protection Experiment Station between October 2009 and October 2011 in order to understand the propagation time of aphids and the targeted sampling method from poultry individuals. A total of 400 trees were planted in the orchard in September 2002 at 5 x 3 m intervals. Different color painted (white, red, blue, yellow and green) water traps (18 x 32 cm) filled with tap water and a small amount of liquid soap were placed between the rows, and each trap was placed on a platform, 120 cm above the ground. Different color painted water traps were used to determine and compare the capture of winged aphids. All captured individuals were diagnosed under the microscope after the preparation was made. After diagnosis, cluster analyzes were evaluated according to color selection and similarity index. In this study, the effect of different colored attractive traps on aphids was investigated. Yellow colored trap showed the strongest attraction for aphids and also for many other pests and beneficial insects groups. Other colored (green, white, red and blue color) traps used in the trial can be recommended in terms of attractiveness and environmentally friendly control for the biotechnical control of aphids.
Response of Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae) to entomopathogenic bacteria infected insect cadavers
Authors: ULUĞ Derya
Published: March 2023

Xenorhabdus Thomas & Poinar (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) and Photorhabdus Thomas & Poinar (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) bacteria are mutualistically associated with Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) nematodes, respectively, and are known to produce several secondary metabolites that protect nematode-killed insects from different competitors. One of these compounds called “the scavenger deterrent factor” (SDF) is known to deter different arthropod, bird, and fish species from feeding on insects killed by Xenorhabdus or Photorhabdus bacteria. The effects of SDF from five different Xenorhabdus and one Photorhabdus species against the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae) were investigated using either a one-choice or two-choice experimental design during 2019-2020 in Aydın Adnan Menderes University. Rats were given four-day-old bacteria-killed Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae and feeding behavior was observed and recorded. The results demonstrate that the Norway rat is deterred from feeding on insects killed by certain Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species and it is likely due to the distastefulness of these cadavers. Ecologically, the data suggest that insects killed by the entomopathogenic nematode/bacterium complex in nature may be protected from attack from insectivorous mammals, especially those that feed on soil-dwelling insects.
Socio-Economic Effects of Covid-19 on Construction Sector in Turkey
Authors: KARSLIOĞLU Asena , ALKAYIŞ Mehmet Hanifi , BALABAN Eren , ONUR Mehmet İnanç
Published: March 2023

The world has been living tough times both socially and economically because of the novel coronavirus. Social effects of Covid-19 have seen right after precautions taken by governments all around the world. However, precautions brought economical problems. Construction industry is also affected from this situation. To better understand the effect of Covid-19 on construction industry, questionnaire is carried out among people from construction industry. Questions are selected specifically for targeted people in construction industry. Survey is conducted electronically. Participants remained anonymous during survey. Totally 598 participants took part in questionnaire voluntarily. Survey questions are about job safety, finding a new job and precautions. Results indicated that, Covid-19 caused increase in unemployment in construction industry, making it harder to find a new job. This study proves that ordinary workers in the construction industry are the most vulnerable part for Covid -19 pandemic.
Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Artichoke Residues (Cynara Scolymus L.) to Valuable Chemicals
Authors: SELVİ GÖKKAYA Dilek , SAĞLAM Mehmet , YÜKSEL Mithat , BALLİCE Levent
Published: March 2023

Lignocellulosic biomass is accepted to be one of the best sustainable alternatives for overcoming fossil fuel dependence and to reduce environmental pollution. Intensive research studies have been carried out on conversion of this big potential source via chemical and biochemical processes to miscellaneous chemicals. According to one of the present methods of chemical conversion, cellulose and hemicellulose parts of the plant biomass can be converted to platform chemicals by hydrolysis, dehydration and rehydration reactions in the presence of acidic medium. In this study, the efficient conversion conditions of the Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) leaves and stalks to the valuable chemicals (formic acid, acetic acid and 5-hydroxymetilfurfural) were investigated using acid (HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4) catalyzed hydrothermal reaction. Experiments were performed in the temperature range of 150°C - 300°C and at the pH values 2.0 - 3.0 with a reaction time of 1 hour. Evolution of liquid parts and their variations with respect to reaction parameters were determined using HPLC via related analysis
Energy intensity of the Russian economy and the main factors affecting its level and dynamics
Authors: Sokolov M. M.
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the analysis of the state of energy intensity of the Russian economy, studies the calculation methods and factors affecting its level and dynamics in 2000–2021. It is pointed out that the most reliable picture of the dynamics of energy intensity of the economy is obtained when the gross domestic product (GDP) is calculated in constant prices in rubles. In those cases when it is calculated in USD by purchasing power parity, the level of energy intensity is noticeably underestimated. Affected by the multiple growth of the oil and gas income that caused the plummeting growth of investment in fixed assets and gross domestic product, in 2000–2007 the energy intensity in Russia had an annual 5.1% decrease, which is 1.5 times more than that of the most developed countries. In the subsequent years (2008–2021) due to the low rates of investment activity and gross domestic product and due to the increasing volumes of consumed energy resource, the dynamics of energy intensity stagnated while, on the contrary, the world and the majority of developed countries experienced the increase in the rates of reduction of energy intensity during this period.The article presents a detailed study of the main factors affecting the dynamics of energy intensity in Russia, and for such factor as investment in fixed assets, the author identifies coefficients of dependence of energy intensity on their rates, which can be used in perspective planning of the energy intensity indicators.Basing on the profound study of the factors affecting the dynamics of energy intensity the author suggests main directions on reducing the energy intensity in Russia. They include the intensification of investment activity, accelerating the GDP growth, restructuring the structure of the economy towards industries with high added value, refusal to increase domestic prices for energy resources up to their global prices.
¿Establecimientos agropecuarios o Familias extensas? Desencuentros territoriales en el marco de un programa de estímulo a la producción de quinua en el noroeste argentino.
Authors: Cladera Jorge Luis , Figlioli Gabriela Andrea
Published: March 2023

Se estudia un caso en que, en el marco de un escenario global de creciente commodificación del mercado productor de quinua, la aplicación de programas institucionales para su fortalecimiento y expansión en las comunidades rurales andinas del noroeste argentino no logró los resultados esperados. Sin embargo, el abordaje etnográfico de las estrategias, concepciones y criterios de uso de la tierra aplicados por las familias que fueron destinatarias de este programa, pone en evidencia que el fracaso en estos indicadores de éxito, lejos de expresar la crisis de los sistemas campesinos de dicha región, refleja criterios de priorización no mercantiles del uso de los territorios agrarios, que se vuelven ilegibles (Scott 1998) para las premisas institucionales, debido a las propias limitaciones heurísticas de los indicadores empleados. Por el contrario, se propone que estas prácticas territoriales “invisibles” a los radares institucionales, pueden ser leídas como estrategias de resistencia silenciosa (Scott 1985) ante los avances de las lógicas de merantilización de la producción de alimentos.
Sistemas territoriais na Amazônia e o papel das cidades para o desenvolvimento regional: a biorregião de Parintins (am)
Authors: Bartoli Estevan
Published: March 2023

Reterritorialização de populações diversas situadas hoje nas cidades da Amazônia (principalmente em extensas periferias), consolidam uma densa e diversificada economia popular. Essa economia urbana com intensa mobilidade regional é interpretada enquanto Sistema Territorial Urbano-Ribeirinho (STUR), que possui duplo papel na necessidade de complementar a economia urbana enquanto exerce ligação entre os pontos de extração de recursos regionais para a cidade. A partir do modelo STUR, objetiva-se analisar atividades de extração de recursos regionais, averiguando quais espécies vem sofrendo maior exploração e consequentemente indícios de declínio da população e escassez no mercado local.  Pretende-se ainda contribuir na formação de metodologias para repensar o caráter relacional e processual em estudos sobre cidades na Amazônia. Demonstra-se que há reduzida capacidade de processamento de tais recursos por atividades urbanas, com irrisória agregação de “valor” aos produtos, sinalizando os perigos da continuidade de exploração de determinadas espécies. Constata-se que a dinâmica do STUR propicia usos socialmente necessários de recursos alimentares ou madeireiros elementares na manutenção da vida entre cidades e interiores.
Etnogénesis migratoria del pueblo kichwa canelo en Ecuador
Authors: Terán Romo Leroux Felipe David
Published: March 2023

El extenso mundo de las movilidades está inmerso en constantes flujos migratorios que dependen de la historia cultural de las colectividades. De ahí que los conceptos de movilidad, generalmente, vayan acompañados de otros conceptos sobre permanencia y colonización. Lo fundamental de aquella relacionalidad múltiple está en entender el ritmo de los procesos de movilidad humana como parte de la incesante motivación de los seres humanos por explorar y relacionarse con el lugar en el cual están habitando. En esta línea, las particularidades culturales definen las perspectivas y voluntades que son discutidas por el mundo académico mediante las observaciones de las investigaciones, como la presente, en la cual se estudia la dinámica territorial y se genera abordajes conceptuales y empíricos basados en la multiplicidad de particularidades, más allá de la inevitable delimitación investigativa, en este caso, enfocada en el pueblo kichwa canelo.
Cartografía de violencias (d)enunciadas y (en)tramadas: propuesta metodológica para el análisis de casos de conflictos en torno a proyectos extractivos
Authors: Cerutti Débora Andrea
Published: March 2023

El artículo propone una herramienta para el análisis de las violencias en su complejidad, en territorios donde se despliegan proyectos extractivos y existen comunidades que resisten el extractivismo megaminero en América Latina. El objetivo es socializar una propuesta metodológica en el marco de investigaciones sobre violencias y extractivismo. Mediante una aproximación cualitativa y cuantitativa, se exponen “series” cromáticas para la caracterización y el análisis de las violencias, junto a una sistematización de estas en un lenguaje cartográfico. Así, la propuesta se presenta como política y crítica, de denuncia y constatación de los daños en los territorios, presentes o futuros.
Naturaleza en lienzo: narraciones sobre relaciones humanos-naturaleza usando métodos basados en arte en La Paz, Bolivia
Authors: Benavides-Frias Camila , Ortiz-Przychodzka Stefan , Schaal Tamara
Published: March 2023

La investigación basada en arte ofrece formas innovadoras de estudiar las relaciones humanos-naturaleza. En este artículo se presenta un estudio exploratorio con habitantes de la ciudad de La Paz, en Bolivia, usando dibujos como aproximación basada en arte, para entender cómo las personas valoran y se relacionan con las áreas protegidas municipales. Participaron 37 personas en un concurso de dibujo organizado por una de las áreas protegidas municipales. Los participantes representaron algún elemento (paisaje, especies) de las áreas protegidas que consideraron inspirador y reflejo de su importancia. La mayoría dibujó plantas o animales específicos locales, y expresó varias formas de valoración intrínsecas, instrumentales y relacionales. La investigación muestra que una aproximación basada en arte tiene potencial como herramienta investigativa, ya que permite revelar aspectos poco explorados de las relaciones humanos-naturaleza. Se concluye que los valores plurales y el conocimiento ecológico local a través del arte pueden proveer oportunidades para repensar el manejo participativo y la educación ambiental, y diseñar políticas hacia la sustentabilidad.
Evaluating the utility of facial identification information: Accuracy versus precision
Authors: Scott Kyra , Tredoux Colin , Nortje Alicia
Published: March 2023

Facial identification evidence obtained from eyewitnesses, such as person descriptions and facial composites, plays a fundamental role in criminal investigations and is regularly regarded as valuable evidence for apprehending and prosecuting perpetrators. However, the reliability of such facial identification information is often queried. Person descriptions are frequently reported in the research literature as being vague and generalisable, whilst facial composites often exhibit a poor likeness to an intended target face. This raises questions regarding the accuracy of eyewitness facial identification information and its ability to facilitate efficient searches for unknown perpetrators of crimes. More specifically, it questions whether individuals, blind to the appearance of a perpetrator of a crime (i.e. the public), can correctly identify the intended target face conveyed by facial identification information recalled from eyewitness memory, and which of the two traditional facial identification formats would be better relied upon by law enforcement to enable such searches. To investigate this, in the current study (N=167) we employed two metrics – identification accuracy and identification precision – to assess the utility of different formats of eyewitness facial identification information in enabling participants to correctly identify an unknown target face across three different formats: facial descriptions, facial composites and computer-generated description-based synthetic faces. A statistically significant main effect for the format of facial identification information on identification accuracy (p<0.001) was found, with a higher target identification accuracy yielded by facial descriptions in comparison to composites and description-based synthetic faces. However, the reverse relationship was established for identification precision, where composites and description-based synthetic faces enabled significantly greater precision in the narrowing down of a suspect pool than did facial descriptions, but did not necessarily result in the retainment of the intended target face (p<0.001).
Significance:

This study highlights the relative importance of person descriptions in being as effective as, if not better than, facial composites in allowing for accurate identifications when solely relying upon eyewitness facial identification information to facilitate the search for unknown perpetrators.
We introduce the metric of identification precision to evaluate the utility of facial identification information obtained by eyewitnesses.
The study provides a novel approach to directly model facial composites based on a person description using traditional fourth-generation composite systems, thus producing a computer-generated description-based synthetic face that resembles a target face observed by an eyewitness.
Evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fucoxanthin from Dilophys fasciola and as a food additive in stirred yoghurt
Authors: Ibrahim Eman A. , El-Sayed Samah M. , Murad Soha A. , Abdallah Walid E. , El-Sayed Hoda S.
Published: March 2023

We investigated the effects of fucoxanthin isolated from the edible macroalga Dilophys fasciola on pathogenic microbes and probiotics in vitro and the antioxidant activity of fucoxanthin. The yield concentration of the obtained crude was 50.5% fucoxanthin. We found strong inhibition against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and lower inhibition against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The probiotic strains progressed between 1.2 and 1.67 log cycles at a concentration of 30 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity ranged between 54.76% and 88.36% at a concentration of 40 μg/mL. The 50% lethal dose of algal fucoxanthin was shown to be more than 2511.88 mg/kg. The production of stirred yoghurt incorporated with 20 mg and 30 mg of fucoxanthin per kilogram of milk was evaluated through chemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses during storage for 21 days and compared with control samples. The maximum growth for probiotics (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lacticaseibacillus casei) was found on day 14, but more viability counts were detected in the treatment with 30 mg/kg. All treatments were free from mould and yeast counts up to 7 days, and the small numbers of mould, yeast, and psychrotrophic counts appeared first in control samples. Also, the highest dry matter content was observed for treatments with 30 mg/kg. Moreover, the protein, fat, and ash content of all treatments increased with a progressive cold storage period. Greater reductions in the pH were found in treatments than in the control, and were consistent with the development of acidity. During storage, the amount of crude fucoxanthin had no significant impact on the flavour, colour, or appearance scores.
Significance:

Fucoxanthin is a type of carotenoid that offers many benefits to human health.
The fucoxanthin of edible Dilophys fasciola had a strong antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi.
Stirred yoghurt fortified with crude fucoxanthin had good overall acceptability and the percentage of crude fucoxanthin had no noticeable effects on the flavour, colour, or appearance. Fucoxanthin, therefore, has potential benefit as a food additive.
The impacts of artificial light at night in Africa: Prospects for a research agenda
Authors: Coetzee Bernard W.T. , Smit Izak P.J. , Ackermann Simone , Gaston Kevin J.
Published: March 2023

Artificial light at night (ALAN) has increasingly been recognised as one of the world’s most pernicious global change drivers that can negatively impact both human and environmental health. However, when compared to work elsewhere, the dearth of research into the mapping, expansion trajectories and consequences of ALAN in Africa is a surprising oversight by its research community. Here, we outline the scope of ALAN research and elucidate key areas in which the African research community could usefully accelerate work in this field. These areas particularly relate to how African conditions present underappreciated caveats to the quantification of ALAN, that the continent experiences unique challenges associated with ALAN, and that these also pose scientific opportunities to understanding its health and environmental impacts. As Africa is still relatively free from the high levels of ALAN found elsewhere, exciting possibilities exist to shape the continent’s developmental trajectories to mitigate ALAN impacts and help ensure the prosperity of its people and environment.
Significance:
We show that the African research community can usefully accelerate work into understudied aspects of ALAN, which demonstrably impacts human and environmental health. Africa presents a unique, and in places challenging, research environment to advance understanding of this global change driver.
Challenges in Diagnosing Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia
Authors: Hong Seung-Chul , Song Ji Hyun , Kim Tae-Won , Kim Young-Chan
Published: March 2023

Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia are central disorders of hypersomnolence accompanied by excessive daytime sleepiness, which are not caused by nocturnal sleep disturbance, sleep deficiency, or circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Several studies have questioned the repeatability of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) in type 2 narcolepsy (NT2) patients. After two or more repeated MSLTs, the diagnosis of type 1 narcolepsy (NT1) is maintained in more than 90% of cases, while only half of the NT2 patients retain their original diagnosis. The diagnosis of NT2 may shift to idiopathic hypersomnia based on the MSLT results, making the differential diagnosis of NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia particularly challenging. Therefore, this study suggests the need for new tests in addition to the MSLT for diagnostic consistency in NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia.
OEM Pre-Medical Education
Authors: Lee Sung Nak
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Education provided in many Korean medical colleges still isn’t free from the contents of the “2+4 year program.” Korean medical colleges especially holds onto the belief that humanities must be taught to the lower grades. Methods: I introduced the six-year integrated program and reversed the order of the existing education program. The new program assigned anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry to the 1st years, and humanities subjects such as forensic medicine and medical ethics to the 4th, 5th, and 6th years. Results: Increased participation and interests among students. Conclusion: Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM) at the level of pre-medicine brings harm rather than good.
The Admission Interview in Medical Schools
Authors: Roh HyeRin
Published: March 2023

T his study is aimed to reflect non-cognitive traits that should be assessed in admissions interviews for medical school applicants, with the goal being to increase the reliability of the admissions interview. The admissions interview is valued for its ability to assess noncognitive and nonteachable attributes of good doctors, especially which cannot be evaluated with other admission assessment tools. Various characteristics of applicants including age, gender, exam scores, and nonverbal communication were found to have influenced the interview results. Bias from interviewers was a significant factor in the results of the interview. A Structured interview in multiple stations such as the Multiple Mini-Interview showed the highest reliability and validity. To make the interview fair, no information about the applicants was provided to the interviewers and interviewers were recruited from different backgrounds. There have been few research papers on admission interviews in Korea. Active research on the qualities of good doctors and effective and reliable admission interview methods should be encouraged. A strategy should be developed to overcome the philosophical obstacles that medical school professors want to admit academically excellent applicants.
Ajou University School of Medicine’s Educational Approach to Cultivating Professionalism
Authors: Chae Su Jin , Shin Yun Mi , Hahm KiHyun , Lim KiYoung
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to observe how Ajou University School of Medicine runs its curriculum to cultivate professionalism. The paper also proposes a plan for the next step for the school. The Patient-Doctor-Society (PDS) course, begun in 2009, can be summarized by three characteristics. First, the PDS course is an integrated curriculum that is not a one-time program for a specific grade, but a continuous program open for all medical students. Second, the PDS course is designed following the philosophy and educational goals of the institution, and the curriculum assures maximum autonomy. Third, the PDS course is ‘whole person education’ that provides knowledge and teaches skills and an attitude. By analyzing the pros and cons of the program through annual evaluation, leaders of the program at Ajou will continue to consider what to teach and how to do so.
Survey on the Education System for New Graduate Nurses in Hospitals: Focusing on the Preceptorship
Authors: Shin Sujin , Park Young Woo , Kim Mijung , Kim Jeonghyun , Lee Inyoung
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the current status of the new graduate nurses’ education system, to establish guidelines for the education of new graduate nurses, and to provide dates for the improvement of the education system. Eighty-nine hospitals participated in the survey from July to August 2018. The questionnaires consisted of 24 items including general characteristics, new graduate nurses’ education system, operation of nursing education teams, and preceptorship programs. The average duration of education/training for new graduate nurses was 57.3 days, and 26.6%–58.5% of general hospitals, hospitals, and long-term care hospitals had less than 30 days of new graduate nurses education/training, which is shorter than the education/training period of tertiary hospitals. There were new nursing education guidelines in 88.8% of all medical institutions and 58.6% of them had nursing education teams. Most of the personnel in charge of nursing education were not dedicated to education. A total of 87.6% of the all participating medical institutions had preceptorship programs, while 23.1%–33.3% of hospitals and long-term care hospitals did not. The breakdown of preceptorship programs showed 68.4% as “preceptor and preceptee are in charge of one team, and preceptor is teaching preceptee,” and 19.7% were “preceptor and preceptee are in charge of each team, and preceptor is teaching preceptee at the same time.” These results show that standardization and management of new graduate nurses’ education programs is necessary. For the standardization and management of new graduate nurses’ education programs, joint efforts of nurses’ associations and support from the government should be encouraged.
Validity of the Self‐efficacy for Interprofessional Experimental Learning Scale in Korea
Authors: Kwon Oh Young , Park Kyung Hye , Park Kwi Hwa , Kang Youngjoon
Published: March 2023

Interprofessional education (IPE) can promote high-quality patient care and good medical outcomes through teamwork among health professionals. However, there are no valid measurements to prove the effectiveness of IPE in Korea. This study aimed to develop and test a Korean version of the Self-efficacy for Interprofessional Experimental Learning Scale (SEIEL). The original SEIEL was translated into Korean by two experienced medical professors, and 368 questionnaires were collected from medical and nursing students (third and fourth year). To analyze the validity of the Korean version of the SEIEL, an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Cronbach’s α was used to evaluate reliability. Results from the exploratory factor analysis identified two functions: “interprofessional collaboration” and “interprofessional team evaluation.” A significant cross-correlation was found between the two functions (r=0.690, p
Banking Ecosystems in Russia: the Concept and Background of the Appearance
Authors: Mikheeva I. E.
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the prerequisites for the creation of banking ecosystems. The author concludes that the main of such prerequisites are: reduction of income from traditional banking operations and banks’ desire to increase profits at the expense of non-bank income; introduction of new, including digital technologies; availability of personal customer data (big data) at banks. The advent of remote identification and customer service systems has ensured the availability of banking services and expanded the customer base. The formation of new behavioral preferences of customers through calculations and other operations provided an opportunity for credit institutions to improve their services.

The main prerequisites for the creation of banking ecosystems have caused the transformation of banking activities.

The theory offers various definitions of the concept of “banking ecosystems”, which reveal the legal nature of ecosystems in different ways, or contain one or more of its features. The author came to the conclusion that such definitions are based on institutional or instrumental features.

Based on the conducted research, the article substantiates that in Russian law, banking ecosystems are built according to the type of a banking group (holding).
Anti-Sanction Regulation of the Banking Services Market and Anti-Crisis Legal Regime of Banking Activities
Authors: Lauts E. B.
Published: March 2023

The article attempts to correlate the anti-sanction regulation of the banking services market and the anti-crisis legal regime of banking. The author distinguishes between the sanctions regime and the anti-sanction legal regime that frames the anti-sanction regulation of the relevant market and is part of its anti-crisis regulation. The article substantiates that the antisanctions legal regime does not include means of counter-sanctions, since the latter do not aim to mitigate the sanctions regime for the relevant market, but are retaliatory restrictive measures that often also negatively affect the activities of national market participants. Therefore, the author distinguishes between the sanctions legal regime and the counter-sanctions legal regime, coming to the conclusion that the legislator is inconsistent in this matter. The article concludes that the anti-crisis regulation of the banking services market can also be considered as an anti-crisis legal regime of banking activity, an integral part of which is also an anti-sanction legal regime or anti-sanction regulation, the means of which are aimed at overcoming the consequences of the sanctions regime. At the same time, unlike the sanctions regime or the counter-sanction regime, which are a special or extraordinary regime, the anti-sanction regime is a special legal regime, since it is only a type of anti-crisis regulation of the relevant market.
Payment by QR-Code as a Cashless Settlement Method
Authors: Pykhtin S. V.
Published: March 2023

After Apple suspended the use of the Apple Pay application for bank cards of international payment systems Visa and Mastercard for residents of Russia in March 2022 and Google (Google Pay) and Samsung (Samsung Pay) followed suit, settlements by QR-codes became a real alternative for making payments using smartphones. The article discusses the technical and legal aspects of making payments using QR-codes. The author showed, that payment using a QR-code is not a form of non-cash payments. By its legal nature, a QR-code is a machine-readable form of submitting a payment order to pay a certain amount of funds by the payer to their recipient, using the recipient’s details, «encrypted» in this code. Therefore, payment by QR-code is carried out as part of payments by payment orders.
A Survey of Issues in the Recruitment, Hiring and Retention of Law Enforcement Officers: Investigating the Rural-Urban Divide
Authors: Steele Morgan , Lynn Tamara , Hayes Abigail
Published: March 2023

The continuing crises of the COVID-19 pandemic and issues surrounding disparate policing practices have illuminated an underlying issue facing law enforcement agencies: how to recruit, hire, and retain qualified officers. Using survey data from over 200 rural and urban agencies across three states, this article explores the various issues agencies have with recruitment and retention, paying particular attention to the apparent differences between agency type and size, as well as the extent of urbanization in the jurisdiction. The implications of and potential policy solutions to these issues are then discussed.
Prison-Based Economic Development: What the Evidence Tells Us
Authors: Kim Dae-Young
Published: March 2023

Since the late 1970s, there have been significant increases in the number of prisons and prisoners held in small towns and rural areas in the United States. Rural small towns have used prison construction and management as an economic development strategy. Although prisons were once seen as misfortune and disappointment to residents, since the 1980s, prison hosting has become a last resort for impoverished rural towns with desperate need of jobs. Prisons have been expected to fill the void when local industries and businesses closed down their operations in the 1980s economic crisis. While mass imprisonment and the prison boom in the United States have been important topics of research in the criminal justice field, less is known about prison-based economic development and its effects on local economies. This study conducts a literature review of U.S. studies, discusses theoretical and empirical limitations in the literature, and offers implications for research and policy development.
Trapped Within Borders: Exploitation of Migrant Seasonal Workers in German Agriculture During COVID-19 Lockdown; Placing the Actors and Understanding Their Roles
Authors: Molnar Lorena
Published: March 2023

While European borders were closed because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Europe witnessed the exodus of Romanian seasonal workers to Germany. Although both countries’ governments agreed to allow this under the condition of the strictest adherence to the sanitary restrictions and workers’ rights, soon after, the media began to report situations of non-adherence to the coronavirus-related measures and workers’ labor rights. Following the theoretical framework of the Routine Activities Approach and its updates, this case study combines the collection of press material (N=140), Facebook posts (N=93), and interviews with seasonal workers in agriculture (N=5) and identifies the exploitative behaviors and actors involved. The results suggest that the perpetrators of these behaviors were certain intermediaries as well as farmers. The seasonal workers most at-risk were those with poor literacy who had not mastered the German language, were financially precarious, and were unwilling to seek the authorities’ help. The spaces in which the exploitation occurred were cyberspace or isolated rural farms. Seven guardians and seven super-controllers played a considerable role in protecting the workers on the farms, but not during the recruitment process. Situational prevention techniques, such as the creation of a mobile application to inform workers of their rights and allow them to report violations remotely, and collaboration with online platform services to flag fraudulent job advertisements automatically are proposed.
Women Incarcerated in Rural Southern Prisons in the United States: A Review of Existing Multidisciplinary Literature and Suggestions for Future Directions
Authors: Dewey Susan , VandeBerg Brittany , Prohaska Ariane , Yearout Lauren
Published: March 2023

Prisons in the Southern United States are a particularly unique kind of rural institutions not only because of their geographic locations, social climates informed by the rural cultures of staff and prisoners, and, for many older Southern prisons, their roots in plantation agriculture. Despite these realities, rural criminology has yet to systematically synthesize and explore what existing research indicates about the everyday lives of over 30,000 women currently serving time in state prisons throughout the Southern United States. The present study attempts to fill this gap in the literature by synthesizing all the available literature on women incarcerated in rural Southern prisons and identifying four prevailing themes in this body of work: regional culture in historical context, relationships and social dynamics, victimization and wellbeing, and journeys through the system from sentencing to reentry.
Going the Distance: Field Approaches to Researching the Rural – A Research Note
Authors: Shukla Rashi K. , Inglis Melissa
Published: March 2023

Studies of crime in rural settings have expanded in recent years. Seldom discussed are the challenges associated with conducting rural field research. This research note describes the methodological approaches utilized in a multi-year study of rural law enforcement across Oklahoma and a nearby state in the United States. Research aims and methodology evolved over time in line with the flexibility inherent within ethnographic approaches. Interviews and field visits were conducted with 39 individuals from 2017 to 2019 for the purpose of understanding rural communities, crime and policing. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, field visits, ride-alongs, observations and photographs. Owing to the nature of the subject matter, researchers had to maintain flexibility throughout the research process. This research note discusses the range of approaches utilized to gather data, obstacles encountered and insights discovered through the process.
The Gendered Impacts of Boomtowns: How Financial Dependence, Family, and Victimization Intersect with Hegemonic Masculinity
Authors: Charman Madison , O'Connor Christopher D.
Published: March 2023

Past research on the extraction industry has examined boomtown impacts or challenges primarily related to community cohesion, infrastructure issues and crime. However, few researchers have examined the gendered impacts of boomtowns, particularly as they relate to women. Through in-depth interviews with social service professionals working with women in boomtown settings, this article examines the gendered impacts associated with resource boomtowns. More specifically, this article explores the challenges women face in these hegemonically masculine environments. The research findings show how financial dependence, family impacts and victimization come to shape women’s lives in these settings and intersect with hegemonic masculinity. The article also discusses the implications of having the impacts of boomtowns be gendered.
Development of Intelligent Medicine and Construction of Intelligent Medical Engineering Specialty
Authors: Yang Yi , Yu Dekuang
Published: March 2023

Based on clinical big data and artificial intelligence and web technologies, Intelligent Medicine takes form as a medical service model centered on patient data. This paper introduced the development of intelligent medical treatment, analyzed the current application of big data analysis in intelligent medical practice, and looked forward to the challenge and future trend of intelligent medicine. Focusing on the training mode of intelligent medical engineering specialty, this paper explored architecture of intelligent medical engineering education platform, made the construction of a scientific and reasonable interdisciplinary curriculum system in the process of interdisciplinary postgraduate training according to the aim and characteristics of interdisciplinary, hoping to realize a unique new interdisciplinary education mode.
Study of electroencephalogram characteristics in neurological conditions in pediatric tertiary care hospital
Authors: Manandhar Bina P. , Adhikari Santosh , Bhattarai Tribhuwan , Shrestha Nisha J. , Bhattarai Srijana
Published: March 2023

Background: Electroencephalogram (EEG) remains a veritable tool in the diagnostic workup of seizures and childhood epileptic syndromes. EEG has a significant role in substantiating the clinical suspicion of epilepsy, the classification of seizures, and the management of childhood epilepsy.
Methods: This study was retrospective descriptive with convenience sampling where two-years EEG recordings were included and the reporting were reviewed. The desired variables were encrypted and descriptive analysis made via statistical software SPSS version 20.
Results: There was 499 EEG done in a two-year time period where the female children were (n=205, 41.1%) and mean age was 66 months. There were (n=317, 63.5%) children from out of Kathmandu valley. The most common indication for EEG recommendation was seizure without impaired consciousness (69.7%) and least common indication was seizure with impaired consciousness (8.4%). The rate of detection of EEG abnormalities in seizure without impaired consciousness was 43.9% while that in seizure with impaired consciousness was 38.1%. Among the most common EEG abnormality, abnormal sleep EEG record suggestive of generalized epilepsy most of the children had a history of seizure without impaired consciousness (71.4%) and least presented with seizure with impaired consciousness.
Conclusions: The abnormality detection rate of epilepsy was higher in chance if done in early ages. The possibility of findings in EEG are higher with the history of seizures and the perinatal insult as well as birth asphyxia. EEG should be carried out to support the diagnosis of epilepsy in children, and a normal EEG won't be totally excluding epilepsy.
Congenital hand anomalies and rare syndromes in children
Authors: Deepa Shetty  , Paras Patel  , Rohan Shetty  , Sanjay Vansh
Published: March 2023

Congenital hand anomalies and associated rare syndromes in children are commonly seen in clinical practice and require complete clinical, radiological and genetic evaluation. The purpose of this case series is to describe four rare syndromic children with varied hand anomalies and differences. Three of the children are female and one is a male. Distal limb defects from simple polydactyly, clinodactyly to cleft hand were identified including preaxial anomalies. Significant clinical problems noted were chiefly cosmetic and altered self-image was also noted in one child. The orofacial clefting noted in the child with ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia (EEC) syndrome required repeated surgery though the child had minimal feeding difficulty and significant speech delay. Multidisciplinary management is necessary with the early involvement of clinical geneticist.
Early neonatal presentation of methylmalonic aciduria: a case report from rural central India
Authors: Sneha Barahate  , Anuragsingh Chandel  , Kolhe Swapnil , Varsha Chauhan  , Manish Jain
Published: March 2023

Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is an inborn error of metabolism that results in accumulation of methylmalonic acid in blood and increased excretion in urine. They are characterized by impaired conversion of methymalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA by the enzyme methylmalonyl CoA mutase resulting in accumulation of metabolites of branched chain amino acid catabolism. MMA has a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from a benign condition to fatal neonatal disease. Its onset ranges from the neonatal period to adulthood. We report a case of a day 4 old male child who presented with the complaints of respiratory distress, poor feeding, and excessive crying. Mother had a history of previous neonatal loss on day 3 of life. Diagnosis of MMA was made with the help of clinical presentation and laboratory investigations. At present universal newborn screening for metabolic disorders is not done routinely in India. Diagnosing and managing IEM in India and other developing countries is a challenge since most of the classic metabolic test are not routinely available. Many cases are asymptomatic and undetected and hence we report this case to stress the importance of including MMA in newborn screening programme for early detection and intervention.