bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphic Reconstruction Algorithms of the Second-Order Curve, Given by the Imaginary Elements
Authors: Короткий  , Korotkiy Viktor , Гирш  , Girsh A.
Published: December 2016

Second-order curves are used as shape-generating elements in the design of technical devices and architectural structures. In such a case, a need for reconstruction task solution may emerge. The reconstruction is called the definition of the main axes and asymptotes of the second-order curve by its incomplete image containing n points and m tangents (n + m = 5). In CAD graphical systems there is no possibility for construction of the second order curve, given by real and imaginary points and tangents. Therefore, the second-order curve reconstruction cannot be made with the standard set of computer graphics tools. In this paper are proposed geometrically accurate algorithms for reconstruction of the secondorder curve, given by a mixed set of real and imaginary elements. A specialized software package has been developed for constructive realization of these algorithms. Imaginary geometric images are pair-conjugated, so there are only seven possible combinations of given data with imaginary elements participation: five points, two of which are imaginary ones; five points, four of which are imaginary ones; three real points, two imaginary tangents; a real point, four imaginary tangents; a real point, two imaginary points, two imaginary tangents; a real point, two imaginary points, two real tangents; two real points, two imaginary points, a real tangent. For reconstruction problem solution is used the main property of polar matching: if P and p are the pole and polar relative to the conic g, the harmonic homology with center P and axis p transforms the curve g in itself. The method of solution based on projective transformation of required conic into a circle. It has been shown that in some cases for reconstruction problem solution its necessary to apply the quadratic involution conversion, resting on plane by a conic beam. The developed technique and software package expand the capabilities of the computer geometric simulation for processes occurring with the second-order curves participation.
Test Tasks on Bases of 3D-Modelling
Authors: Большаков  , Bolshakov V. , Чагина  , Chagina A.
Published: December 2016

At the beginning of this paper a short review of known

geometric and graphic tests has been presented, and a practical lack of

test tasks on computer graphics tools application for geometrical simulation

problems solution has been emphasized. The test tasks directed

to assessment the level of intellectual abilities related to the optimum

choice of solid-state simulation tools for creation and editing products’

parametrical sketches and models in the KOMPAS-3D system are offered.

The content of the developed test tasks is based on analysis of 3D

simulation’s stages within which novice users allow maximum number

of wrong or far from optimum actions. In the test task on rational construction

of parametrical sketches it is necessary to choose commands

from the submitted lists for creation of the shown sketches. Tasks on

solid-state simulation for details are based on the analysis of a form of

fifteen models shown in axonometric projections. It is offered to optimize

simulation procedures and to specify a minimum number of forming

operations for creation of shown details models. Tasks on solid-state

models editing show a multivariance of procedures for models creation

and editing; these tasks have been directed to the rational choice for the

minimum number of the forming operations for models modification.

In a task on kinds insert in an associative drawing it is offered to make

for the details shown in axonometry a right choice on number and

content of necessary images in the associative drawing. In a test task on

solid-state simulation for two-component assembly units is required to

choose from a presented set of separate components the ones which are

necessary for subsequent mental conjunction by executing the command

“components’ side coincidence”.
Industrial testing of integrated circuits PWM Controllers.
Authors: Зотин Виталий , Zotin Vitaliy , Власов Александр , Vlasov Aleksandr , Потапов Леонид , Potapov Leonid
Published: December 2016

The features of industrial test chip PWM controllers. Describes the construction and software developed by the tester.
Using the analytic hierarchy process for determining the optimal kind of corporate portal.
Authors: Рытов Михаил , Rytov Mikhail , Ковалев Павел , Kovalev Pavel
Published: December 2016

The article considers the possibility of using the analytic hierarchy process to determine the optimal type of KP on the basis of analysis of the main functions, which a corporate portal must automate.
Innovative approach to improving the quality of housing and communal services.
Authors: Сорокина Елена , Sorokina Elena , Нахабин Александр , Nakhabin Aleksandr
Published: December 2016

The article presents an approach to the formation of quality of housing and utility based on satisfaction and expectations of all stakeholders.
Main realization mechanisms of the state industrial policy in economically developed country.
Authors: Стрижакова Екатерина , Strizhakova Ekaterina , Стрижаков Дмитрий , Strizhakov Dmitriy
Published: December 2016

The experience of the state industrial policy range of economically developed countries was analyzed, the main directions of the development and implementation of industrial policy in the Russian Federation was formed.
Experimental verification of innovative approach to formalization of motor activity.
Authors: Бойко Евгений , Boyko Evgeniy , Бойко Надежда , Boyko Nadezhda
Published: December 2016

The article reveals experimental research results thanks to which some improvements in the movement control theory can be made. (taking the process of exercising as an example)
Wear resistance of superficial layers directing, generated at the finishing combined antifrictional processing.
Authors: Бишутин Сергей , Bishutin Sergey , Пиляев Андрей , Pilyaev Andrey
Published: December 2016

Results of researches of wear resistance of superficial layers extended cylindrical directing, processed on new technology of antifrictional processing are resulted. The description of the developed test equipment is submitted.
The calculation method application to choice of thermochemical treatment method for gear wheals of road construction machinery.
Authors: Демидов Павел , Demidov Pavel , Семенов Михаил , Semenov Mikhail , Рыжова Мария , Ryzhova Mariya
Published: December 2016

The problem of choice of thermochemical treatment method for road construction machinery gear wheels was discussed in this article. The mathematical model and software were designed to organize the effective selection of surface hardening method according to required level of contact fatigue resistance. The software was applied to design a technology of the hard loaded gear wheels thermochemical treatment.
Improvement means of noise abatement of turbo-machines.
Authors: Дроконов Алексей , Drokonov Aleksey , Дроконов Алексей , Drokonov Aleksey
Published: December 2016

This article includes constructive methods of improving noise abatement systems of power plants.
Optimal design of units of conveyor with hanging belt in program complex NX.
Authors: Лагерев Александр , Lagerev Aleksandr , Бословяк Павел , Boslovyak Pavel
Published: December 2016

The detailed algorithm of the conveyor optimal design with hanging belt is presented. The optimal design of metal construction units is accomplished and the analysis for example of the explotable conveyor with hanging belt is realized.
Optimization of processes in fuel equipment of diesel to improve its economic and environmental characteristics.
Authors: Субботенко Дмитрий , Subbotenko Dmitriy , Обозов Александр , Obozov Aleksandr , Тараканов Владислав , Tarakanov Vladislav
Published: December 2016

Analyzes the ways of optimization of processes in fuel equipment of diesel engines. Described constructive activities for improving its economic and ecological characteristics: pressure control injection, multiphase injection, regulation of the angle of injection top-Liva.
Technical devices road safety.
Authors: Сакович Наталия , Sakovich Nataliya , Никитин Антон , Nikitin Anton
Published: December 2016

The questions need to install hardware security for vehicles. Presents methods fo methods the technical condition of vehicles. The technique of assessment tools installed security models using Markov processes.
The formation mechanism of refractory carbide phases in the complex-alloy heat-resistant steels during carburization.
Authors: Семенов Михаил , Semenov Mikhail
Published: December 2016

The laws of carbide phases nucleation were analyzed in the context of the complex-alloy heat-resistant steels carburization. Numerical experiments and metallographic investigations of steel and model alloys diffusion layers structures were applied to determine the predominant mechanism for the formation of refractory carbide phases.
Condensed algorithm structural and parametric optimization of end walls of freight cars.
Authors: Бейн Дмитрий , Beyn Dmitriy , Булычев Михаил , Bulychev Mikhail
Published: December 2016

Proposed condensed algorithm structural and parametric optimization of end walls of freight cars. An example of optimization of end wall gondola model 12-119 according to the algorithm proposed. Shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is compared with the results of the separately undertaken parametric optimization.
Research of freight car´s longitudinal loading equipped new frictional absorbing devices.
Authors: Кеглин Борис , Keglin Boris , Васильев Алексей , Vasilev Aleksey , Болдырев Алексей , Boldyrev Aleksey , Гуров Александр , Gurov Aleksandr
Published: December 2016

The distribution of longitudinal forces acting on the freight car with new frictional absorbing devices was built. The impact of various absorbing devices on the train longitudinal dynamics was investigated. The statistical spectrum of forces at various modes of exploitation of the car was defined
Universal technique for optimal design of metal constructions of conveyor with hanging belt.
Authors: Лагерев Александр , Lagerev Aleksandr , Бословяк Павел , Boslovyak Pavel
Published: December 2016

The technique for optimal design of the conveyor is represented. The optimization is accomplished and the analysis of the existent variant of the conveyor metal construction is rea-lized.
Mechanism with variable angle between axes of shafts.
Authors: Лустенков Михаил , Lustenkov Mikhail , Фитцова Екатерина , Fittsova Ekaterina
Published: December 2016

The design and the principle of the mechanism work, including a reducer and universal joints, are considered in this paper. The angle between the axes of the shafts can be changed during oper-ation. The mechanism works in a reducer mode when its housing is stopped. The kinematic analysis of the mechanism and the research of dependence of the transmission ratio on the angles between the axes of the shafts are given in the article.
Calculation of parameters of the compressing mechanism of the clamp for packages of the silicate brick.
Authors: Эманов Сергей , Emanov Sergey
Published: December 2016

The force interaction of pressuring frames with a package of a silicate brick is considered. Calculation of the mechanism compressing a package is executed. Experimental researches a compressing mechanism are conducted. Experimental and calculated results are compared.
Computer software for the evaluation of economic management of industrial enterprise on the basis of the simulation model.
Authors: Якимов Анатолий , Yakimov Anatoliy , Захарченков Константин , Zakharchenkov Konstantin
Published: December 2016

The information assessments are developed to determine requirements to software-based simulation model. Software tools are designed to support decision-making control in the economic systems of enterprises. The software tools are focused on operation of simulation models by the makers managerial decisions.
4. Diabetes and the visual problems associated with it
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: December 2016

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of preventable sight loss in adults of working age (16-64) in the UK ( Liew et al, 2014 ). People with DM are at increased risk of developing cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy ( Mukesh et al, 2006 ; Newman-Casey et al, 2011 ; Scanlon, 2008 ). As the number of people who have diabetes grows, increasing numbers of them are at risk of developing visual problems as a result of diabetes. Early detection of diabetes, managing diabetes well, avoiding damage caused by hyperglycaemia, and regular screening programmes can reduce the risk of sight loss in people with diabetes. This article explains how diabetes increases the risk of visual problems, how risks can be reduced and how problems can be treated.
Tests, scans and investigations, 5. Total cholesterol
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: December 2016

Within the sphere of healthcare provision, there are many different types of blood test available that strive to monitor the patient, or help make a diagnosis. The total cholesterol test, however, serves to make an estimate of how likely a person is at risk of developing a disease (heart disease).

This article provides the healthcare assistant (HCA) and assistant practitioner (AP) with information that will help them to understand the procedure and in so doing promote positive patient outcomes.

The article also discusses heart disease (atherosclerosis) and the risk factors associated with the development of heart disease. When the HCA or AP understands these issues, then the important activity of preventative health care will be more effective in having an impact on the patient's overall health and wellbeing.
Caring for adults with severe mental illness and physical health problems
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: December 2016

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses a recent report that reveals discrepancies in the management of physical health problems among people with severe mental illness
Nursing history: from conformity to challenging practice
Authors: Rosser Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

Elizabeth Rosser, Deputy Dean (Education and Professional Practice) and Professor of Nursing at Bournemouth University, considers the lessons that the nursing profession has learned since its early days
Evaluation of a new ostomy mouldable seal: an international product evaluation
Authors: Tielemans Chantal , Probert Rosalind , Forest-Lalande Louise , Hansen Anne Steen , Aggerholm Søren , Ajslev Teresa Adeltoft
Published: December 2016

A new mouldable seal, Brava® Protective Seal, was evaluated by patients on aspects related to residue, durability, and preference. A total of 135 patients from four countries participated (Denmark, Germany, Japan and the USA) and the new product was compared to the patients' usual pouching systems. Less residue and easier skin cleansing was observed, which may benefit patient quality of life. The possible benefits of less residue for peristomal skin health need further investigation.
Pressure damage associated with prolonged unconsciousness
Authors: Teot L. , Dusserre F.
Published: December 2016

A study of a patient whose immobility after a drug overdose led to the development of a pressure sore on the thigh, complicated by femoral osteomyelitis
From the Journals
Authors: Fletcher Alison , Gilchrist Brian , Price Patricia , Benbow M. , Lawrence J.C.
Published: December 2016

THE EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ON WOUND HEALING

GRADING LEG ULCERS

AGEING AND DISABILITY IN SPINAL CORD INJURY

NURSE PRESCRIBING

MRSA IN THE COMMUNITY
Reviews
Authors: Holmes Susan , Flanagan Madeleine
Published: December 2016

TRACE ELEMENT MEDICINE AND CHELATION THERAPY

WOUND CARE FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
Sixth European Conference on Advances in Wound Management
Authors: Lawrence J.C.
Published: December 2016

The Sixth European Conference on Advances in Wound Management held in Amsterdam confirmed that there is escalating international interest in this specialty. With almost 1000 delegates attending and representing all disciplines involved in wound care, the event provided an opportunity for the informal exchange of ideas between professionals on a grand scale.
Surgical wound pain: a trial of two treatments
Authors: Briggs M.
Published: December 2016

In order to compare postoperative incisional pain intensity, a prospective randomised controlled trial was conducted with two patient groups: a treatment group (treated with a film dressing left intact until suture removal) and a control group (treated with the existing wound-care protocol of a dry dressing removed after 48 hours).

Patient-controlled analgesia consumption and infection rates in the two groups were also compared. A sample of 30 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy was selected. Incisional wound pain, measured using a visual analogue scale (at rest, on movement and a 24-hour average) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire were recorded daily until discharge (four days).

The pain scores were not significantly different between the groups on Days 1 or 2 postoperatively. However, on Day 3 (when the wounds in the dry dressing group were exposed), there was a statistically significant difference in 24-hour average pain. Those whose wounds were covered with the film dressing experienced less pain and requested fewer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on Day 3.

Maintaining a cover over a surgical wound until suture removal appears to promote pain relief when compared to exposing wounds to the air. A film dressing was useful in this respect as it allowed inspection of the wound without removing the dressing.
The management of abrasions and bruises
Authors: Evans R.C. , Jones N.L.
Published: December 2016

An update on the treatment of soft tissue damage commonly resulting from accidental injuries and assaults
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Young T.
Published: December 2016

This article examines some of the issues involved in the management and control of MRSA colonisation and infection in wounds
Zinc and vitamin C in the aetiology of pressure sores
Authors: Lewis B.
Published: December 2016

A review of studies which have considered the role of two important nutrients in the development of pressure sores
Editorial
Authors: Caine Suzie , Church John
Published: December 2016

Towards consensus

Biosurgery in wound healing
Management of neuropathie ulceration
Authors: McGill M. , Collins P. , Bolton T. , Yue D.K.
Published: December 2016

Patients with diabetes who develop neuropathic foot ulcers are often managed with prolonged bed-rest or given a total contact cast. As these methods are not ideal for many patients, we examined a boot cast as an alternative approach to treating intractable neuropathic ulcers.
From the Journals
Authors: Booth B. , Finnie Alison , Plassmann P. , Nelson E.A. , Hofman Deborah , Culley Fiona , Lewis Brynda K.
Published: December 2016

PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND LEG ULCER HEALING IN OLDER PATIENTSM

THE USE OF NON-ADHERENT DRESSINGS IN SKIN-GRAFT MANAGEMENT

VIDEO TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING WOUND SIZE

COMPRESSION HOSIERY AND VENOUS LEG ULCERS

VENOUS LEG ULCERS AND QUALITY OF LIFE

PRESSURE SORE GRADING SCALES AND INTER-RATER RELIABILITY

VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS AND DIETARY INTAKE IN OLDER PEOPLE
Arterial disease: reversible and irreversible risk factors
Authors: Vowden K.R. , Vowden P.
Published: December 2016

The identification of risk factors for developing arterial disease and the provision of patient education can enable patients to correct and monitor the major reversible factors
Managing pressure sores in the community
Authors: Hallett A.
Published: December 2016

A six-month project was undertaken in the Portsmouth Healthcare NHS Trust to identify the prevalence of pressure sores and assess current practice and level of knowledge among nurses working in the community.

Questionnaires were returned by 99 nurses and the pressure sore prevalence was found to be 4.4%; 72% of respondents performed pressure sore risk assessment routinely, 49% had access to appropriate equipment and 60% had good or acceptable levels of knowledge. However, 40% had poor knowledge of risk factors for pressure sore development, and 80% did not routinely carry out mattress testing.

Eighty-five per cent of nurses stated that they would like a specialist advisory service.
A silicone foam dressing used in treating an infected wound
Authors: Chalmers R.T.A. , Turner A.R.
Published: December 2016

The use of a silicone foam dressing in the management of a patient with an infected groin wound after distal vein bypass surgery
Reviews
Authors: Singh S.K. , Cutting K.F.
Published: December 2016

THE DIABETIC FOOT: AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO MANAGEMENT

WOUND CARE MANUAL
From the Journals
Authors: Hofman D. , Moore K. , Jones M. , Edwards M.
Published: December 2016

RISK FACTORS IN THE HEALING OF VENOUS ULCERS

THE ACTIVATION AND EFFECTS OF NEUTROPHILS AND MONOCYTES

COMPRESSION STOCKINGS AND LEG ULCER RECURRENCE

PRESSURE SORE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
The Nottingham Health Profile
Authors: Lindholm C.
Published: December 2016

One hundred and twenty-five patients with chronic leg ulcers were involved in a study examining quality-of-life parameters1. The study aims were to investigate if leg ulcers influence quality of life and whether gender, age, present or previous profession and duration of the ulcer influence patients' perceptions of quality of life.
A common wound-care policy?
Authors: Gilchrist Brian
Published: December 2016

The question of a common European currency is a matter that is causing a certain amount of controversy and division among politicians of all political parties at the present time. Whether economic systems can be manipulated in time for the deadline, or whether there is even agreement by all the parties of the need for commonality is a matter of sometimes fierce debate.
From the Journals
Authors: Lewis B.K. , Shutler S.D
Published: December 2016

FINDING THE TRUE PREVALENCE OF LEG ULCERS

WOUND CARE AND MRSA
Compression therapy for leg disorders
Authors: Nelson E.A.
Published: December 2016

Two critiques review the paper cited below and discuss its influence on compression therapy
Inter-observer variation in the assessment of skin ulceration
Authors: Buntinx F. , Beckers H. , Briers A. , De Keyser G. , Flour M. , Nissen G. , Raskin T. , De Vet H.
Published: December 2016

Six observers (three physicians and three nurses) assessed 27 wounds of different types in 20 elderly patients, using five different classification systems.

Using classification by colours, inter-observer agreement was moderate when six colours were used (70% agreement, group kappa 53%), and good if this was reduced to three (80% agreement, group kappa 64%).

Results were only moderate using the Shea scoring system (68% agreement, group kappa 42%). Assessment for signs of infection was fair to moderate (75-85% agreement, group kappa 29-55%), but there was high inter-observer agreement for size and area (analysis of variance, p≥0.88).
Setting a standard for leg ulcer assessment
Authors: Elliot E. , Russell B. , Jaffrey G.
Published: December 2016

District nurses in one division of Highland Communities NHS Trust set a standard for the assessment of leg ulcers and audited their practice against it. The standard was that ‘each patient referred with a leg ulcer is assessed by a trained nurse, using the agreed ulcer assessment form and Doppler ultrasound, within two weeks of referral’.

This paper describes the audit processes which have led to the development of a multidisciplinary team approach for the management of leg ulcers in the community. It was found that only 30% (n=7) of the nurses surveyed met with the required standard. The survey will be repeated following the official implementation of the standard.
The formation of pressure sores and the role of nursing care
Authors: Anthony D.M.
Published: December 2016

A discussion of past and present literature examines factors which lead to the formation of pressure sores and looks at attitudes towards the role of nursing care
From the Journals
Authors: Boyce D. , Booth B. , Williams D.R.
Published: December 2016

VENOUS LEG ULCERS AND SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

LEG ULCER MANAGEMENT IN THE COMMUNITY

A REAWAKENING OF TRACE-ELEMENT WOUND RESEARCH
Treating venous leg ulcers in the community
Authors: Bucknole W.M.
Published: December 2016

Standardisation was necessary to improve the treatment of venous leg ulceration in the community and reduce costs. A study was conducted to assess the performance of a compression bandage with orthopaedic wool and patient compliance with this system. Patients were assessed weekly, and photographs taken to monitor progress. Nine out of 11 patients healed in an average time of eight weeks, and the total cost for 12 weeks’ treatment was estimated at £130.02.
Qualitative bacteriology and leg ulcer healing
Authors: Trengove N.J. , Stacey M.C. , McGechie D.F. , Stingemore N.F. , Mata S.
Published: December 2016

This study investigated the bacterial profile of leg ulcers in 52 patients attending the Fremantle Hospital leg ulcer clinic. The aim was to identify whether the presence of specific bacterial groups delays healing, whether the bacterial flora changes as ulcers heal and, if so, whether these changes influence healing.

The results show that the presence of any one specific bacterial group did not appear to delay healing, although the presence of four or more bacterial groups was associated with delayed healing. This was found to be statistically significant.

It was noted that the bacterial flora does change as ulcers heal and that these changes were not related to changes in healing, with the exception of skin flora.
From the Journals
Authors: Moore Keith , Lewis Brynda K. , Lewis Brynda K , Lewis Brynda K. , Booth Brian
Published: December 2016

PLASMINOGEN ACTIVITY IN WOUND HEALING

ELDERLY PEOPLE AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

ELDERLY PEOPLE AND MEAN DAILY PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS

POSTOPERATIVE ENTERAL FEEDING

ISSUES IN THE SELECTION OF WOUND-HEALING DRESSINGS
Reviews
Authors: Andrea Nelson E.
Published: December 2016

STATISTICS AT SQUARE ONE (9TH EDITION)
Appropriate use of dressings
Authors: Caine Suzie
Published: December 2016

This issue includes an audit assessing the appropriate use of dressings in clinical practice (pages 305-308). The authors define appropriate use if the dressing chosen and the technique for application are based on a combination of relevant literature, expert opinion and manufacturer's advice.
Clinical audit and effective change in leg ulcer services
Authors: Lambourne LA , Moffett C.J. , Jones A.C. , Dorman M.C. , Franks PJ.
Published: December 2016

An audit of clinical leg ulcer services was undertaken in South Bedfordshire and was followed by a process of implementation using research-based methods; a re-audit was conducted 18 months later. Using an adaptation of the Riverside model, patients were referred to community leg ulcer clinics. They were assessed using Doppler ultrasound; those with ABPI >0.8 were treated using a high-compression four-layer bandage system. Those with ABPI 0.6-0.8 were treated using reduced compression, and those with ABPI <0.6 were sent to their GP for referral for specialist opinion.

In October 1993, the average cost of consumables for each patient was £8.53, and this rose to £10.14 in May 1995. However, patients treated in community clinics had a reduced cost of consumables of £7.91 compared with £10.78 for patients treated at home. There was also a corresponding reduction in weekly treatments and an overall reduction in nursing time to treat patients. In 111 patients (134 limbs) treated by high compression in the community clinics, cumulative percentage healing was 54% after 12 weeks and 68% after 24 weeks. Although these results were lower than those achieved in the Riverside project, much of the difference can be explained by the different patient populations and ulcer duration. The results support a system of care which offers rationalisation of service, staff training and research-based effective assessment and treatment.
Wound infection: MRSA
Authors: Hosein I.K.
Published: December 2016

The proportion of Staphylococcus aureus that is methicillin resistant (MRSA) has been rising in UK hospitals over the past 10 years. In some individual hospitals this increase has been explosive. The propensity for MRSA to spread arises mainly from the following reasons: Antimicrobial selection increases the biomass of MRSA in a particular patient or patient population The organism is located on exposed body surfaces(for example, the skin and nasal mucosa) MRSA is easily transferred from patient to patient, for example via the hands of staff.
Wound infection: Managing wound infection
Authors: Harding K.G.
Published: December 2016

Many dilemmas trouble clinicians working with infected and non-healing wounds and there is still considerable debate as to what the aim of treating such patients should be. Should it be to eradicate specific pathogenic organisms? Or should it be to reduce the bacterial burden present on open wounds?
Evaluation of a hydrocolloid dressing
Authors: Schmitt M. , Vergnes Nancy, P. , Canarelli J.P. , Gailhrd S. , Daoud S. , Dodat H. , Lascombes P. , Melin Nancy, Y. , Morisson-Lacombe G. , Revillon Y.
Published: December 2016

A hydrocolloid dressing was compared to adhesive skin tapes on children's postoperative wounds. A total of 170 children of varying ages were randomised in two parallel groups, in nine centres of plastic, thoracic, gastrointestinal, urogenital and orthopaedic surgery.

Skin closure was satisfactory in both groups, with 76 (89.4%) healthy closures without dehiscence in the hydrocolloid group and 81(95.3%) in the control group; a relationship was found between partial closures/dehiscence and the type of surgical procedure. No product-related maceration, infection or adverse event was reported during the study and both groups showed very satisfactory cosmetic results.
From the Journals
Authors: Jones Mary , Booth Brian , Jones Mary
Published: December 2016

THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF LEG ULCERS IN THE COMMUNITY

NO STANDARD FOR SKIN CARE IN PATIENTS WITH INCONTINENCE PROBLEMS

ASSESSING PRESSURE SORE RISK
Plantar ulceration in patients with leprosy
Authors: Cross H. , Kulkarni V.N. , Dey A. , Rendall G.
Published: December 2016

A controlled trial was implemented to investigate the hypothesis that plantar ulcer sites associated with leprosy, in subjects who were supplied with foot orthoses, would heal more quickly than those in a control group.

The population was comprised of individuals with impairments associated with leprosy, living near a leprosy hospital in India.

Ulcer area was compared in the two groups and assessed at three-monthly intervals from July 1993 to March 1994.

At the March 1994 assessment 58% of ulcers in the experimental group had healed but only 14% in the control group. At this point patients in the control group were supplied with orthoses and three months later, in June 1994, 60% of the ulcers in the experimental group and 62% of ulcers in the control group had healed.

The results of this study demonstrate that orthotic intervention can significantly reduce the duration of ulceration.
Developing a model for clinical practice
Authors: Gray B.L.
Published: December 2016

A description of the development of a model for practice related specifically to wound management
Understanding the aetiology of leg ulcers
Authors: Hayes M.
Published: December 2016

A review of studies of leg ulcer aetiology, highlighting attempts to define the condition from the clinical and aetiological viewpoints
Research roundup: December 2016
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: December 2016

In brief

Inhaled corticosteroids increase the risk of oral candidiasis in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Low-dose aspirin is ineffective as primary cardiovascular prevention in type 2 diabetes Electronic prescriptions reduce the risk of nonadherence compared to paper scrips Prescriptions for oral anti-osteoporosis drugs in the UK have plateaued in men and decreased among women in recent years, while gaps in care remain
Nebulised therapy in respiratory disease management: Best practice
Authors: Booth Andrew
Published: December 2016

Nebulised therapy can be a useful adjunct to respiratory disease management. Although widely used, there may be an opportunity to improve standards of care through more effective prescribing and better understanding of equipment and how it works.
Update on pharmacological management of overactive bladder
Authors: Rantell Angie
Published: December 2016

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a chronic long-term condition whose frequency increases with age. Previous articles have shown that OAB is a prevalent condition, with 16.6% of adults over 40 years of age reporting symptoms ( Milson et al, 2001 ). This article aims to provide an overview of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines CG171 for the management of female urinary incontinence ( NICE, 2015 ). The guidance includes revised recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of OAB and new treatment pathways.
Serial Sampling of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T May Not Be Required for Prediction of Acute Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis in Chest Pain Patients with Highly Abnormal Concentrations at Presentation
Authors: Mueller-Hennessen Matthias , Mueller Christian , Giannitsis Evangelos , Biener Moritz , Vafaie Mehrshad , deFilippi Christopher R , Christ Michael , Ordóñez-Llanos Jorge , Panteghini Mauro , Plebani Mario , Verschuren Franck , Melki Dina , French John K , Christenson Robert H , Body Richard , McCord James , Dinkel Carina , Katus Hugo A ,   for the TRAPID-AMI Investigators, Lindahl Bertil
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Guidelines for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) recommend adding kinetic changes to the initial cardiac troponin (cTn) blood concentration to improve AMI diagnosis. We hypothesized that kinetic changes may not be required in patients presenting with highly abnormal cTn.

METHODS

Patients presenting with suspected AMI to the emergency department were enrolled in a prospective diagnostic study. We assessed the positive predictive value (PPV) of initial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) blood concentrations alone and in combination with kinetic changes for AMI. Predefined relative changes (δ change of ≥20%) and absolute changes (Δ change ≥9.2 ng/L) within different time intervals (1 h, 2 h, and 4–14 h after presentation) were assessed. The final diagnosis was adjudicated by 2 independent cardiologists.

RESULTS

Among 1282 patients, 213 (16.6%) patients had a final diagnosis of AMI. For AMI prediction, PPVs increased from 48.8% for an initial hs-cTnT >14 ng/L to 87.2% for >60 ng/L, whereas PPVs remained unchanged for higher hs-cTnT concentrations at baseline (87.1% for both >80 ng/L and >100 ng/L). With addition of 20% relative Δ change, PPVs were not further improved in patients with baseline hs-cTnT >80 ng/L using the 1-h (84.0%) and 2-h (88.9%) intervals, and only minimally when extending the interval to 4–14 h (91.2% for >80 ng/L and 90.4% for >100 ng/L, respectively). Similar findings were observed when applying absolute changes.

CONCLUSIONS

In chest pain patients with highly abnormal hs-cTnT concentrations at presentation, subsequent blood draws may not be required, as they do not provide incremental diagnostic value for prediction of AMI diagnosis.
Theatre and participation: A critical examination of Sherry Arnstein’s ladder of participation in the Kamiriithu theatre experience
Authors: Afolabi Taiwo
Published: December 2016

The article critically examines the framing process in Kenya’s famous Kamiriithu theatre experience through the hermeneutic lens of communicative action with the purpose of investigating the ingredients essential for citizen empowerment in theatre activities among communities. Sherry Arnstein’s ‘ladder of participation’, a framework that categorizes levels of community participation in development process, outlines eight tiers of participation, with ‘citizen empowerment’ occupying the apex of the ladder. Thus, using Arnstein’s ‘ladder of participation’ as a utopian framework, I ask about the extent to which theatre has moved beyond the level of advocacy. Participation is considered as both a verb and a noun; a dual reality that should inform theatre practitioners’ choice for the purpose of emancipation beyond the creative space and devising process. In achieving the over-arching goal of citizen empowerment, the theatre practitioner needs to position the people beyond the level of tokenism into partnership and empowerment by carefully mapping out strategies for citizenship participation.
The art of living in prison: A pragmatist aesthetic approach to participatory drama with women prisoners
Authors: Woodland Sarah
Published: December 2016

Across the fields of applied theatre and prison theatre, there appears to be little analysis of aesthetics and aesthetic engagement for participants in prison-based participatory practices. This article presents a pragmatist aesthetic frame that I developed to analyse the experience of a drama programme I ran in a women’s prison. This frame evolved alongside the practice, drawing largely from John Dewey’s (1934) Art as Experience and a selection of contemporary scholars who, influenced by Dewey, work in the areas of aesthetics, ethics and education – most notably Richard Shusterman (2000, 2008) and David Granger (2006). I also incorporated narrative within this frame as an interpretive and expressive structure for experience, and a key element within my applied theatre practice. I began to conceive aesthetics in terms of an ‘art of living’, identifying a ‘poetics of renewal’ that informed the selfand world-creation of participants in the drama. I share this theoretical framework as a possible way to integrate the instrumental and the aesthetic in applied theatre theory and practice, specifically in a prison context.
Creative activism in the university: A case study of curricular design and implementation
Authors: Tilley Elspeth
Published: December 2016

This article discusses developing and implementing a university creative activism course. The course, Creativity in the Community, involves students working with a community partner to generate original performance work on a social justice issue. It aims to facilitate active citizenship and drive social change, as well as to effect change in participants. The critical reflection offered in this article covers course design and implementation, and illustrates pedagogical processes with a case study project that students completed in 2015, discussing hurdles faced and learning techniques used. The student-led project combined theatre, multimedia and creative writing to confront rape culture both in society and on the participants’ own university campus. The article is divided into three sections: origination (the genesis and ideas behind the course), production (the steps and challenges in making the creative work) and reception (what resulted). Throughout, the article particularly tries to record lessons learned by the educator about using creative activism as a pedagogical tool.
Reviews
Authors: O’Toole John
Published: December 2016

Theatre and War: Notes from The Field by Nandita Dinesh (2016) Open Book Publishers, ISBN: 9 7817 8374 2585, £17.95 (pb).
Fashionable flesh: Meat as clothing
Authors: Newman Emily L.
Published: December 2016

Society’s fascination with women’s bodies is well known, so it is therefore unsurprising that many people strive to articulate and draw attention to the pervasive objectification of women. Dresses made of animal flesh have been variously fashioned by a diverse group of figures including activist Ann Simonton, punk musician Linder Sterling, artist Jana Sterbak, and singer Lady Gaga. The effectiveness of these works is only achieved through the collaborations between celebrity and designer, artist and press, and activist and media. Dependent upon each other, these works thrive on controversy and public attention. The audience is needed to fully objectify both the model wearing the clothing and the clothing itself, doubling the objectification. By exploring the societal implications and scandals that these works provoke, we can examine the way that these meat dresses have the ability to push the viewer to consider how women’s bodies are actually consumed in daily life.
Book Reviews
Authors: Divita Lorynn , Kurennaya Anya , Loranger David , Rabinovitch-Fox Einav , Tonkin Leanne , Yanofsky Anna
Published: December 2016

FASHION VICTIMS: THE DANGERS OF DRESS PAST AND PRESENT, ALISON MATTHEWS DAVID (2015) London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 225 pp., ISBN: 9781845204495, h/bk, £25, $40

BRAND/STORY: CASES AND EXPLORATIONS IN FASHION BRANDING, JOSEPH H. HANCOCK, II (2016) 2nd ed., New York and London: Fairchild Books, 240 pp., ISBN: 9781501300028, p.bk, £60.00

DIGITAL TEXTILE PRINTING, SUSAN CARDEN (2016) London, UK: Bloomsbury, 144 pp., ISBN: 9781472535672, p/bk, $34.95

THE LOST ART OF DRESS: THE WOMEN WHO ONCE MADE AMERICA STYLISH, LINDA PRZYBYSZEWSKI (2014) New York: Basic Books, 347 pp., ISBN: 9780456036714, h/bk, $28.99

DRESS HISTORY: NEW DIRECTIONS IN THEORY AND PRACTICE, CHARLOTTE NICKLAS AND ANNEBELLA POLLEN (2015) 1st ed., London: Bloomsbury Academic, 215 pp., ISBN: 9780857856401, h/bk, $110; ISBN: 9780857855411, p/bk, $29.95

FASHION’S DOUBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF FASHION IN PAINTING, PHOTOGRAPHY AND FILM, ADAM GECZY AND VICKI KARAMINAS (2015) 1st ed., London: Bloomsbury Academic, 176 pp., ISBN: 9780857857118, p/bk, $29.95
Wearing modern democracy in Taiwan: Women’s hegemonic ideal body and ready-to-wear clothes
Authors: Lin Shih-Ying
Published: December 2016

Gilles Lipovestsky claims that the mass production of ready-to-wear clothing was initially expected to create a democratic dynamic of fashion. These democratic aspirations were anticipated by scholars foreseeing a universality of access due to the availability of ready-to-wear clothing styles. However, we now acknowledge that this belief that fashion can be equally accessible to all is outdated. When fashion began to appear approachable for all, various styles, pluralistic aesthetics and new expressions of individuality came immediately into existence, brought about as if by the threat of such a democratic dynamic. Paradoxically, however, there has emerged an overarching aesthetic ideal of slimness and youth that encompasses the entire array of bodily performances today’s fashion world allows, pushing aside anyone whose physical shape does not match this ideal. Fashion’s quest for democratic utopia seems to have led consumers directly into a new predicament. However, my fieldwork on Taiwanese female fashion producers and consumers indicates that Taiwanese female consumers, rather than being enslaved to the hegemony of ideals governing this fashion system, negotiate within the system by dressing to articulate their own preferences of fashion and the ideal body.
Mapping fashion in the ‘City by the Sea’: Shopping districts in Newport, Rhode Island
Authors: Welters Linda , Pisula Jennifer , Martinelli Megan , Corrigan Mary Elizabeth , Lockrem Sarah , Templeton Sarah , Yang Sarah , Paquette Holly , Murphy Catherine , Baker Hilary
Published: December 2016

Newport, Rhode Island is internationally recognized for both its prime location on Narragansett Bay and its storied history. Nicknamed the ‘City by the Sea’, it is famous for its world-class sailing, colonial New England architecture, Gilded Age mansions, trendy restaurants and bars, and nearby beaches. Cultural tourism is a multi-million dollar business for Rhode Island, especially for Newport, where shopping is fourth on the list of revenue generators. The relationship of an American resort city’s geographical setting, built environment, and cultural heritage to its fashion retail sector has not been explored. Acknowledging that fashion contributes to a city’s image, the authors review Newport’s history, provide a profile of Newport today, map Newport’s nine shopping districts, and analyse Newport’s fashion retail sector on the various streets, squares, wharves and piers. Such an analysis may prove useful to retailers in other resort cities – both small independent boutique owners and national chain stores – as well as city planners and tourism boards.
Walking the turtles: Minimalism in European dandy culture in the nineteenth century
Authors: Vainshtein Olga
Published: December 2016

The article looks at dandyism in Europe of the nineteenth century and aims to offer a structural description of dandyism as a cultural semiotic system encompassing fashion, techniques of the body, emotional discipline and behavioural strategies. Special attention is paid to the aesthetic principle of Minimalism, and to the further development of the theory of dandyism in mid-nineteenth-century treatises. The article is focused around structural correspondences between different aspects of dandyism from dress and canons of elegance, to code of conduct, speech patterns and personal hygiene.
Lifelong mentoring in an adult chamber ensemble
Authors: Goodrich Andrew
Published: December 2016

The learning and sharing of musical experiences via lifelong mentoring was explored in an adult amateur chamber ensemble at a community music school in the Northeast United States. Participants in this study included a flautist (retired Dean at a major university), a pianist (retired geneticist at a major university) and a bassoonist (employed as an architect during this study). I explored how and why the participants in this study engaged in their efforts to elevate their performance skills both individually and as an ensemble within lifelong mentoring. The following two questions guided this study: (1) How did these adult amateur musicians engage in lifelong mentoring with each other? (2) Why did these adult amateur musicians continue to perform in a music ensemble? Data collection for this study included interviews and observations of rehearsals and one performance during the course of a recital preparation sequence. Data was analysed using a system of coding and two themes emerged during the process: Musicianship and Friendship. For the participants in this study, lifelong mentoring occurred for personal enjoyment, improvement of their individual performance skills, opportunities for learning new musical knowledge, and social interactions with each other. Implications from this study suggest that providing students with opportunities to mentor each other on their own in addition to coaching from their teacher can provide opportunities for lifelong learning in music.
Was John Wayne a Nazi? The racial politics of taste in 1980s US hardcore punk
Authors: Winkler Robert A.
Published: December 2016

This article sheds light on hardcore punk’s racial politics of taste within the framework of racial discourses in Reagan’s 1980s America. The first wave of hardcore punk was composed almost exclusively of male, white, suburban youth and often referenced white supremacist imagery with various political intentions. The goal of my article is to investigate hardcore punk’s potential to deconstruct the hypocrisy of a seemingly ‘colour-blind’ society by means of subversive appropriation of white power imagery. I will formulate a hardcore punk’s racial politics of taste to closeread the songs ‘Reagan Youth’ and ‘John Wayne Was a Nazi’.