bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban microbial ecology of a freshwater estuary of Lake Michigan
Authors: Fisher Jenny C. , Newton Ryan J. , Dila Deborah K. , McLellan Sandra L.
Published: July 2015

Freshwater estuaries throughout the Great Lakes region receive stormwater runoff and riverine inputs from heavily urbanized population centers. While human and animal feces contained in this runoff are often the focus of source tracking investigations, non-fecal bacterial loads from soil, aerosols, urban infrastructure, and other sources are also transported to estuaries and lakes. We quantified and characterized this non-fecal urban microbial component using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from sewage, stormwater, rivers, harbor/estuary, and the lake surrounding Milwaukee, WI, USA. Bacterial communities from each of these environments had a distinctive composition, but some community members were shared among environments. We used a statistical biomarker discovery tool to identify the components of the microbial community that were most strongly associated with stormwater and sewage to describe an “urban microbial signature,” and measured the presence and relative abundance of these organisms in the rivers, estuary, and lake. This urban signature increased in magnitude in the estuary and harbor with increasing rainfall levels, and was more apparent in lake samples with closest proximity to the Milwaukee estuary. The dominant bacterial taxa in the urban signature were Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas, which are organisms associated with pipe infrastructure and soil and not typically found in pelagic freshwater environments. These taxa were highly abundant in stormwater and sewage, but sewage also contained a high abundance of Arcobacter and Trichococcus that appeared in lower abundance in stormwater outfalls and in trace amounts in aquatic environments. Urban signature organisms comprised 1.7% of estuary and harbor communities under baseflow conditions, 3.5% after rain, and >10% after a combined sewer overflow. With predicted increases in urbanization across the Great Lakes, further alteration of freshwater communities is likely to occur with potential long term impacts on the function of estuarine and nearshore ecosystems.
Correlação entre religiosidade, espiritualidade e qualidade de vida: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Melo Cynthia De Freitas , Sampaio Israel Silva , Souza Deborah Leite de Abreu , Pinto Nilberto Dos Santos
Published: July 2015

O fenômeno da religiosidade, por tanto tempo visto no meio científico através de olhares críticos, tem ganhado espaço nos estudos sobre saúde, em especial na Psicologia. Sob essa perspectiva, a presente pesquisa objetivou realizar uma revisão bibliográfica de metanálise, verificando os estudos existentes que exploram a correlação entre a qualidade de vida e a religiosidade, em diferentes aspectos e contextos. Seguindo uma rígida sequência de passos planejados no método, utilizou-se como descritores os termos "religiosidade", "qualidade de vida" e "espiritualidade", sendo coletados 263 artigos de língua portuguesa ou inglesa disponíveis em todos os periódicos indexados no portal Capes. Após verificação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão de todo o material, foram analisados 14 documentos. Os resultados mostraram que a religiosidade e a espiritualidade têm correlação com a qualidade de vida, atuando principalmente como enfrentamento em situações adversas. Assim, fica evidente a importância desses fenômenos para as práticas de saúde, ressaltando-se a necessidade de valorizá-los e incluí-los nas formações profissionais.
A maternidade no contexto do cárcere: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Cúnico Sabrina Daiana , Brasil Marina Valentim , Barcinski Mariana
Published: July 2015

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática em bases de dados internacionais de artigos publicados entre 2003 e 2014, sobre a maternidade no cárcere. Os resultados evidenciaram a coexistência de estudos que vincularam ideais conservadores, associados à maternidade, e daqueles que problematizaram a diferença entre a versão ideológica da maternidade e a série de perdas e problemas que compõem a vida real das mulheres privadas de liberdade. De acordo com os estudos revisados, nos parece evidente que a maternidade no contexto de encarceramento assume contornos específicos e diversos daquela maternidade exercida fora das grades da prisão. Embora a maternidade seja importante, problematizamos o foco exclusivo neste aspecto da identidade feminina quando falamos nas possibilidades de ressocialização de mulheres encarceradas. Ao focar exclusivamente na maternidade, as instituições prisionais reforçam os estereótipos de gênero da sociedade mais ampla, entendendo as mulheres unicamente como mães. Nesse sentido, chamamos a atenção para que os esforços para a ressocialização considerem as outras esferas na vida destas mulheres, tais como o trabalho e a educação, de modo a favorecer a emancipação e a autonomização das mulheres pós-encarceramento.
Morte: o difícil desfecho a ser comunicado pelos médicos
Authors: Monteiro Daniela Trevisan , Reis Cristine Gabrielle da Costa dos , Quintana Alberto Manuel , Mendes Jussara Maria Rosa
Published: July 2015

Este estudo traz resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com médicos de uma UTI adulto e teve como objetivo compreender, desde a perspectiva dos mesmos, o processo de comunicação de más notícias. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, sobre a comunicação de más notícias na UTI, focando, mais precisamente, a comunicação da morte. A coleta dos dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação não-participante. Foram entrevistados 12 médicos que exercem atividade na UTI de um hospital escola do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a análise de dados, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. Cumpriu-se com as recomendações éticas da Resolução 466/2012. Verificou-se que os médicos, geralmente, identificam a má notícia com a notícia de morte, considerada por eles como a mais difícil de ser comunicada. Há o sentimento de despreparo para comunicar más notícias, o que lhes gera angústia. Considera-se que essa realidade poderá ser compartilhada com demais profissionais da equipe e acolhida por estes, desmistificando que a dor, o sofrimento e a morte do paciente estão ligados ao fracasso do médico. Com isso, permitir o emergir das emoções em um encontro genuíno e humano na relação com o paciente e familiar.
Elementos do aconselhamento multicultural aplicados à psicoterapia em contexto etnopsicológico
Authors: Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: July 2015

Este estudo teórico tem por objetivo refletir sobre os principais aspectos do aconselhamento multicultural que podem ser aplicados às intervenções etnopsicológicas, tendo como cenário as práticas psicológicas ocorridas em um terreiro de umbanda. São enfatizados os elementos típicos do aconselhamento multicultural, adotados pela Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development. No atendimento aos médiuns, embora na maioria das vezes as queixas não se refiram à espiritualidade, há que se considerar constantemente o universo religioso de imersão desses clientes, devendo o profissional não apenas acolher esses registros, como compreendê-los dentro de um modelo complexo de referência que leve em conta a autoconsciência cultural, a sensibilidade ao próprio patrimônio cultural, bem como a necessidade de reconhecer as suas fontes de desconforto com as diferenças que existem entre si e os clientes em termos de etnia e cultura, considerando o propósito de uma prática psicológica mestiça e diversa.
Paradoxos da psicologia e da psicanálise durante a ditadura militar na Argentina
Authors: Ventura Mariela
Published: July 2015

O seguinte estudo, do tipo histórico, trata da relação da psicanálise e a ditadura em Tucumán (Argentina), baseado em fontes do jornal La Gaceta (1976-1983), além de arquivos privados e testemunhas ‘chave'. Objetivou-se analisar alguns paradoxos, pois considera-se que constituem um estímulo poderoso para a reflexão. Entre eles encontramos: a formação de psicólogos nas mãos de médicos, os quais, no entanto, não os habilitavam ao exercício clínico; a legitimidade social da prática profissional, muito antes da sua legalidade; os espaços públicos clausurados, mas não os espaços privados de estudo; a lei do psicólogo assinada durante a ditadura; a falta de reconhecimento do psicólogo dentro do país em oposição ao seu status no exterior. Em conclusão, se em forma paradoxal a psicanálise sobreviveu durante a ditadura foi pela ‘paixão' a esta disciplina, que a tornou um lugar de ‘refúgio' para suportar o que não pode ser descrito.
Revision total hip arthroplasty using cemented collarless double-taper femoral components at a mean follow-up of 13 years (8 to 20)
Authors: Solomon L. B. , Costi K. , Kosuge D. , Cordier T. , McGee M. A. , Howie D. W.
Published: July 2015

The outcome of 219 revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in 98 male and 121 female patients, using 137 long length and 82 standard length cemented collarless double-taper femoral stems in 211 patients, with a mean age of 72 years (30 to 90) and mean follow-up of six years (two to 18) have been described previously. We have extended the follow-up to a mean of 13 years (8 to 20) in this cohort of patients in which the pre-operative bone deficiency Paprosky grading was IIIA or worse in 79% and 73% of femurs with long and standard stems, respectively.

For the long stem revision group, survival to re-revision for aseptic loosening at 14 years was 97% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91 to 100) and in patients aged > 70 years, survival was 100%. Two patients (two revisions) were lost to follow-up and 86 patients with 88 revisions had died. Worst-case analysis for survival to re-revision for aseptic loosening at 14 years was 95% (95% CI 89 to 100) and 99% (95% CI 96 to 100) for patients aged > 70 years. One additional long stem was classified as loose radiographically but not revised.

For the standard stem revision group, survival to re-revision for aseptic loosening at 14 years was 91% (95% CI 83 to 99). No patients were lost to follow-up and 49 patients with 51 hips had died. No additional stems were classified as loose radiographically.

Femoral revision using a cemented collarless double-taper stem, particularly with a long length stem, and in patients aged > 70 years, continues to yield excellent results up to 20 years post-operatively, including in hips with considerable femoral metaphyseal bone loss.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1038–45.
The number and characteristics of prevalent vertebral fractures in elderly men are associated with low bone mass and osteoporosis
Authors: Kherad M. , Mellström D. , Rosengren B. E. , Hasserius R. , Nilsson J-Å. , Redlund-Johnell I. , Ohlsson C. , Lorentzon M. , Karlsson M. K.
Published: July 2015

We sought to determine whether specific characteristics of vertebral fractures in elderly men are associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis.

Mister osteoporosis Sweden is a population based cohort study involving 3014 men aged 69 to 81 years. Of these, 1427 had readable lateral radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Total body (TB) BMD (g/cm²) and total right hip (TH) BMD were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The proportion of men with osteoporosis was calculated from TH BMD. There were 215 men (15.1%) with a vertebral fracture. Those with a fracture had lower TB BMD than those without (p < 0.001). Among men with a fracture, TB BMD was lower in those with more than three fractures (p = 0.02), those with biconcave fractures (p = 0.02) and those with vertebral body compression of > 42% (worst quartile) (p = 0.03). The mean odds ratio (OR) for having osteoporosis when having any type of vertebral fracture was 6.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9 to 9.5) compared with those without a fracture. A combination of more than three fractures and compression in the worst quartile had a mean OR of 114.2 (95% CI 6.7 to 1938.3) of having osteoporosis compared with those without a fracture.

We recommend BMD studies to be undertaken in these subcohorts of elderly men with a vertebral fracture.

Cite this article: 2015;97-B:1106–10.
The epidemiology of revision total knee and hip arthroplasty in England and Wales
Authors: Patel A. , Pavlou G. , Mújica-Mota R. E. , Toms A. D.
Published: July 2015

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) are recognised and proven interventions for patients with advanced arthritis. Studies to date have demonstrated a steady increase in the requirement for primary and revision procedures. Projected estimates made for the United States show that by 2030 the demand for primary TKA will grow by 673% and for revision TKA by 601% from the level in 2005. For THA the projected estimates are 174% and 137% for primary and revision surgery, respectively. The purpose of this study was to see if those predictions were similar for England and Wales using data from the National Joint Registry and the Office of National Statistics.

Analysis of data for England and Wales suggest that by 2030, the volume of primary and revision TKAs will have increased by 117% and 332%, respectively between 2012 and 2030. The data for the United States translates to a 306% cumulative rate of increase between 2012 and 2030 for revision surgery, which is similar to our predictions for England and Wales.

The predictions from the United States for primary TKA were similar to our upper limit projections. For THA, we predicted an increase of 134% and 31% for primary and revision hip surgery, respectively.

Our model has limitations, however, it highlights the economic burden of arthroplasty in the future in England and Wales as a real and unaddressed problem. This will have significant implications for the provision of health care and the management of orthopaedic services in the future.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1076–1081.
The influence of sagittal spinal deformity on anteversion of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Phan D. , Bederman S. S. , Schwarzkopf R.
Published: July 2015

The interaction between the lumbosacral spine and the pelvis is dynamically related to positional change, and may be complicated by co-existing pathology. This review summarises the current literature examining the effect of sagittal spinal deformity on pelvic and acetabular orientation during total hip arthroplasty (THA) and provides recommendations to aid in placement of the acetabular component for patients with co-existing spinal pathology or long spinal fusions. Pre-operatively, patients can be divided into four categories based on the flexibility and sagittal balance of the spine. Using this information as a guide, placement of the acetabular component can be optimal based on the type and significance of co-existing spinal deformity.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1017–23.
Patient-reported outcome measures after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ramkumar P. N. , Harris J. D. , Noble P. C.
Published: July 2015

Objectives

A lack of connection between surgeons and patients in evaluating the outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has led to the search for the ideal patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to evaluate these procedures. We hypothesised that the desired psychometric properties of the ideal outcome tool have not been uniformly addressed in studies describing TKA PROMS.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted investigating one or more facets of patient-reported scores for measuring primary TKA outcome. Studies were analysed by study design, subject demographics, surgical technique, and follow-up adequacy, with the ‘gold standard’ of psychometric properties being systematic development, validity, reliability, and responsiveness.

Results

A total of 38 articles reported outcomes from 47 different PROMS to 85 541 subjects at 26.3 months (standard deviation 30.8) post-operatively. Of the 38, eight developed new scores, 20 evaluated existing scores, and ten were cross-cultural adaptation of existing scores. Only six of 38 surveyed studies acknowledged all ‘gold standard’ psychometric properties. The most commonly studied PROMS were the Oxford Knee Score, New Knee Society Score, Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.

Conclusions

A single, validated, reliable, and responsive PROM addressing TKA patients’ priorities has not yet been identified. Moreover, a clear definition of a successful procedure remains elusive. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:120–127
Editorial
Authors: Breindahl Charlie , Engholm Ida , Mackinney-Valentin Maria , Raahauge Kirsten Marie
Published: July 2015

In this volume of Artifact, we wish to explore design through the design
concept, and thereby the societal praxis of designers through the
theoretical concept of design. Design is praxis, but it is also formed by
the way we frame the concept of design. We have endeavoured to give space
for a rather broad range of contributors coming from both the many design
disciplines and from surrounding fields in order to be able to show
different angles on this subject matter. By focusing on the design concept
and its different use in altering contexts, we want to open up for a
discussion not only of the concept, but also and especially of the
contemporary conditions of the disciplines it covers, and the societal
contexts these disciplines have an impact on (excerpt from the
Editorial).
The Effect of Design: A Phenomenological Contribution to the Quiddity of
Design Presented in Geometrical Order
Authors: Vial Stéphane
Published: July 2015

This paper suggests defining three criteria to differentiate design and
non-design, using the concept of effect in a phenomenological perspective.
The central concept of this article is the concept of “effect of design,”
defined as a three-dimensional result that occurs through usage and turns it
into an “experience-to-live.” The three dimensions of the effect of design
are the “ontophanic effect,” the “callimorphic effect” and the “socioplastic
effect.” This approach is presented in the form of a philosophical manifesto
in the geometrical style inspired by Spinoza’s Ethics. This article includes
1 general overview of the issue, 5 definitions, 3 axioms, 3 hypotheses and 3
developments.
The Design Process Seen Through the Eyes of a Type Designer
Authors: Beier Sofie
Published: July 2015

Through a historical overview of the influence designing had on the
early days of printing, the paper finds the English printer and typefounder
John Baskerville (1706-1775) to be the first real known type designer. Based
on this assumption, the paper presents a model for how a contemporary design
process is carried out, and reflects upon the relationship between this and
the way Baskerville might have worked in the development of his historical
innovating typeface style.
Can Anyone Be a Designer? Amateurs in Fashion Culture
Authors: Holt Fabian , Mackinney-Valentin Maria
Published: July 2015

This article offers an analytical perspective on the implications of
recent media evolutions for the conventional roles of the designer, with a
particular emphasis on the changing relation between amateur and
professional design in fashion culture. The article builds on the recent
media studies literature on the intensification of media communications in
the early 21st century and how it involves deeper transformations —
mediatizations — of many areas in business and society. There are already
extensive literatures on the mediatization of finance, politics, food, and
religion, for instance, but how is the process playing out in fashion? And
what are the implications of this process for designers and design
education? The article argues that media have become a key context for
understanding the changing dynamics between professionals and amateurs and
the evolution of more distributed forms of design creativity. The article is
a conceptual paper that begins by situating the evolution of amateur design
in theories of media and modernity to offer a contemporary theorization of
amateur design and to establish an analytical perspective from which core
aspects of the changing amateur/industry divide are illustrated through
influential examples in the analytical sections of the article. Among the
examples are the online platform Etsy and T-shirt company Threadless. The
conclusion puts the findings of the case studies into perspective and points
to a future where new generations of designers and design educators approach
and strategically manage these new relationships and distributed forms of
creativity.
Elicitation of Anthocyanin Production in Roots of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana by Methyl Jasmonate
Authors: Góraj-Koniarska Justyna , Stochmal Anna , Oleszek Wiesław , Mołdoch Jarosław , Saniewski Marian
Published: July 2015

The influence of methyl jasmonate on anthocyanin accumulation in roots ofKalanchoe blossfedianaplants was studied. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me), at a concentration of 5.0 to 40.0 mg.l−1, substantially increased anthocyanin accumulation in roots of intact plants, when it was applied as a solution under natural light conditions. The production of anthocyanin depended on the concentration of methyl jasmonate and the age of the plant. The stimulatory effect was higher in older plants ofK. blossfeldianathan in younger ones. When leaves were removed methyl jasmonate slightly stimulated anthocyanin accumulation compared with intact plants. The obtained results indicate that leaves are necessary for the anthocyanin accumulation in the roots. In isolated roots methyl jasmonate did not affect the accumulation of anthocyanins in light conditions. Seven anthocyanins were documented in the roots of control plants and 8 anthocyanins in the roots of JA-Me treated ones. JA-Me increased the level of anthocyanins in roots of oldK. blossfeldianaplants 6.8, 6.0 and 3.6-folds, after 4, 8 and 14-days of treatment, respectively.
Miscanthus: Inter- and Intraspecific Genome Size Variation Among M. × Giganteus, M. Sinensis, M. Sacchariflorus Accessions
Authors: Cichorz Sandra , Gośka Maria , Rewers Monika
Published: July 2015

SinceM. sinensisAnderss.,M. sacchariflorus(Maxim.) Hack. andM. ×giganteusJ.M.Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. and Renvoize have considerably the highest potential for biomass production amongMiscanthusAnderss. species, there is an urgent need to broaden the knowledge about cytological characteristics required for their improvement. In this study our objectives were to assess the genome size variation among eighteenMiscanthusaccessions, as well as estimation of the monoploid genome size (2C and Cx) of theM. sinensiscultivars, which have not been analyzed yet. The characterization of threeMiscanthusspecies was performed with the use of flow cytometry and analysis of the stomatal length. The triploid (2n = 3x = 57)M. sinensis‘Goliath’ andM. ×giganteusclones possessed the highest 2C DNA content (8.34 pg and 7.43 pg, respectively). The intermediate 2C-values were found in the nuclei of the diploid (2n = 2x = 38)M. sinensisaccessions (5.52–5.72 pg), whereas they were the lowest in the diploid (2n = 2x = 38)M. sacchariflorusecotypes (4.58–4.59 pg). The presented study revealed interspecific variation of nuclear DNA content (P<0.01) and therefore allowed for recognition of particular taxa, inter- and intraspecific hybrids and prediction of potential parental components. Moreover, intraspecific genome size variation (P<0.01) was observed inM. sinensiscultivars at 3.62%. The values of the stomatal size obtained for the triploidM. ×giganteus‘Great Britain’ (mean 30.70 μm) or ‘Canada’ (mean 29.67 μm) and diploidM. sinensis‘Graziella’ (mean 29.96 μm) did not differ significantly, therefore this parameter is not recommended for ploidy estimation.
Modeling the Frequency of Auto Insurance Claims by Means of Poisson and Negative Binomial Models
Authors: David Mihaela , Jemna Dănuţ-Vasile
Published: July 2015

Within non-life insurance pricing, an accurate evaluation of claim frequency, also known in theory as count data, represents an essential part in determining an insurance premium according to the policyholder’s degree of risk. Count regression analysis allows the identification of the risk factors and the prediction of the expected frequency of claims given the characteristics of policyholders. The aim of this paper is to verify several hypothesis related to the methodology of count data models and also to the risk factors used to explain the frequency of claims. In addition to the standard Poisson regression, Negative Binomial models are applied to a French auto insurance portfolio. The best model was chosen by means of the log-likelihood ratio and the information criteria. Based on this model, the profile of the policyholders with the highest degree of risk is determined
Effects of clinoptilolite (zeolite) on attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced stress, growth and immune response in broiler chickens
Authors: Wu Qiu Jue , Wang Qin Yu , Wang Tian , Zhou Yan Min
Published: July 2015

The effects of natural clinoptilolite (NCLI) and modified clinoptilolite (MCLI) were evaluated in broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a 21-d feeding trial. A total of 288 one-day-old chickens were allocated into three treatment groups: control, NCLI (2%) and MCLI (2%). Half of the birds from each treatment group were challenged with either 0.9% NaCl solution or LPS (250 μg/kg body weight, orally administered) at 16, 18 and 21 d of age. Before the LPS challenge, no dietary effect on bird growth performance was found (P>0.05). When LPS was orally administered, no significant changes in growth performance of broilers was found (P>0.05). However, small intestinal morphology and development, malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the jejunual and ileal mucosa, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the ileal mucosa were significantly affected (P<0.05). Supplementation with NCLI and MCLI significantly decreased the MDA contents of the jejunual and ileal mucosa and improved the SOD activity of the ileal mucosa and the development of the small intestine compared with the control group (P<0.05). The results indicated that NCLI and MCLI additions in feed had protective effects on the gut health of broilers against LPS challenge.
Pathophysiological response to experimental oral overdose of different forms of selenium in lambs
Authors: Lopez-Arellano Raquel , Ramirez-Bribiesca J. Efren , Jaimes-Miranda Jaime , Tortora-Perez Jorge L. , Revilla-Vazquez Alma L. , Rodriguez-Patiño Gabriela , Montaño-Gomez Martin F.
Published: July 2015

Twelve male lambs (30.5±2.1 kg) with cannulas in the rumen were divided into three groups to evaluate the accidental toxicity of selenium (Se) via digestive tract. The first group received intraruminal bolus without a Se source; the second group received intraruminal bolus with sodium selenite (SS: Na2SeO3); the third group received intraruminal bolus with barium selenate (BS: BaSeO4). The ruminal boluses were immediately degraded by a manufacturing defect, releasing an amount of 366 mg Se via rumen. All lambs had tachypnea (80 cycles per minute), a metallic smell in the oral cavity and laminitis foot. Analyses of necropsy and histopathology showed frequencies of lesions in the myocardium and skeletal muscle, lesions in the myocardium were more common in lambs intoxicated with SS or BS than the control group (P<0.05); the tissues were swollen and there were hyaline fibres (Zenker degeneration), as well as fragments and proliferation of the nuclei with necrosis. Se concentration in lambs intoxicated with SS and BS were: myocardium: 0.389 and 0.332; skeletal muscle: 0.583 and 0.492; and kidney: 2.871 and 2.841 μg/g fresh tissue, respectively. The Se concentration in blood increased over 2.5 times in the intoxicated lambs with both sources of Se (0.14 vs. 0.36 μg/mL) from baseline to the 22 days of sampling. There was a lower correlation (r=0.46) in SS intoxication group than the control and BS group (r≥0.93). As a conclusion, high dosages of 366 mg Se or 12 mg Se/kg BW in an accidental dosage did not cause a severe mortality but all lambs immediately showed reduced feed intake, metallic smell exhalation and depression.
Evaluation of minimally invasive muscle biopsy method for genetic analysis in horse
Authors: Stefaniuk Monika , Ropka-Molik Katarzyna , Piórkowska Katarzyna , Bereta Anna , Szpar Paweł , Czerwonka Zbigniew , Podstawski Zenon
Published: July 2015

In horses, muscle biopsy is widely used in veterinary practice for routine diagnosis of various muscle disorders. Development of genetic methods such as gene expression measurements using microarrays, RNA-seq, and real-time PCR leads to searching an alternative, less invasive biopsy method in order to obtain an appropriately representative group of animals for genetic testing. In the present study, we proposed a minimally invasive method of muscle sample biopsy using Pro- MagTM Ultra Automatic Biopsy Instrument (Surgical Specialties Corporation, US, Inc.), which is commonly utilized in human medicine. This approach does not require skin incisions and usage of stitches. The quantity of muscle sample gained in accordance with presented procedure was sufficient to obtain RNA with a good quality. Furthermore, application of the automatic biopsy instrument allows obtaining a sufficient amount of biological material for genetic analysis from a wide variety of tissues. Moreover, samples acquired according to this method could be used in other analyses.
The productive lifetime of sows on two farms from the aspect of reasons for culling
Authors: Balogh Peter , Kapelański Wojciech , Jankowiak Hanna , Nagy Lajos , Kovacs Sandor , Huzsvai Laszlo , Popp Jozsef , Posta Janos , Soltesz Angela
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of the productive lifetime (PLT) of sows kept on two farms, from the aspect of reasons for culling. The study was based on data from animals from two breeding farms in Hungary, using the data of 3493 crossbred Dutch Large White and Dutch Landrace sows (DLW × DL) between their first farrowing until the time of culling (2006 and 2012). For six years, the annual culling rate for both farms averaged 45%. The most frequent reasons for removal on both farms were reproductive problems (40%, 51%), leg problems (29%, 23%) and mortality (19%, 15%). There was a significant difference between the distributions of reasons for culling on the two farms (χ2=41.7, P≤0.001). The distributions of reasons for culling differed in three periods of sow breeding (Farm A: χ2=264.7, P≤0.001; Farm B: χ2=511.1, P≤0.001). The percentage of main removal reasons decreased, whereas the frequency of culling due to age increased. Using survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model), significant differences were identified between the PLT of sows culled due to reproductive problems (P≤0.001), leg problems (P≤0.001) and old age (P≤0.001). Reproductive problems (HR: 1.34, P≤0.001) and leg problems (HR: 1.39, P≤0.001) were higher and culling due to old age (HR: 0.44, P≤0.001) was lower on Farm A compared to Farm B. There were no significant differences between the two farms in terms of mortality (HR: 0.99, P=0.923). Overall, the results can be useful for breeders of crossbred (DLW × DL) sow populations in more accurately defining their culling systems.
Example of the application the microsatellite DNA fragments in the study of farmed European catfish (Silurus glanis, L.) broodstock
Authors: Kuciñski Marcin , Liszewski Tomasz , Krzyoeków Anna , Fopp-Bayat Dorota , Łączyñska Beata
Published: July 2015

European catfish, Silurus glanis L., is the second largest freshwater fish in Europe. The species is very popular among the farmers, as it is one of the most promising European aquaculture species. Despite the growing importance of European catfish in freshwater aquaculture, the genetic data available on this species are still limited. The main purpose of the present study was to develop a reliable, feasible genetic protocol for future studies on European catfish populations and broodstocks in Poland. The genetic characteristics of the tested fish group were based on genetic parameters such as the polymorphism information content (PIC), the effective population size (Ne), the inbreeding coefficient (Fis), and the Garza-Williamson index (M), among others. Additionally, the potential effects of a genetic bottleneck on the genetic variation of the broodstock were examined. The genetic analysis protocol described in this study can be used to establish genetic-based records for European catfish broodstocks, including for sperm cryobanking. This approach will be useful for elaborating the selection procedures that allow for optimal assemblages of spawning pairs in artificial reproduction. The application of the genetic analysis protocol in practice will permit maintaining high quality in European catfish broodstocks.
Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) lipid oxidation during cold storage
Authors: Ochrem Andrzej S. , Żychliñska-Buczek Justyna , Zapletal Piotr
Published: July 2015

After meat and dairy products, fish meat is one of the greatest sources of animal protein, but it is also probably the most susceptible to oxidation. The study material consisted of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., meat. The left and right sides of the fillet were divided into three parts, the head, abdomen, and tail. On the first day of the study, the anisidine value ranged from 0.21-1.70, and did not differ significantly among the body parts. Peroxide values fluctuated frequently during the study. Lipid oxidation depended on the part of the fish the meat came from and the structure of the meat, either fillets or ground meat.
Non-native fish species in heated lakes: Origins and present status
Authors: Kapusta Andrzej , Bogacka-Kapusta Elżbieta
Published: July 2015

This paper discusses the problem of the occurrence of non-native fish species in a strongly transformed aquatic ecosystem. The changes in this ecosystem are caused by warm water discharges from two electric power plants. Twelve non-native fish species are confirmed to occur in the system of five heated lakes located in central Poland. In total, 30% of the total number of non-native species confirmed in Polish inland waters were noted. Aquaculture and fisheries are the primary sources of non-native species in these lakes. Among the species identified, most reached the lakes or canals by escaping from farming facilities or through commercial stocking. Four species have established stable populations. Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel), Carassius gibelio (Bloch), and Carassius auratus (L.) are invasive species that occur abundantly in all the lakes, while Cyprinus carpio L. reproduces irregularly and only in the most heated lakes. The remaining species do not reproduce in the heated lakes system, or anywhere else in Poland; still, the threat these species pose must not be underestimated.
Peculiar case of branching of the trachea together with both, main and lobar, bronchi into a fetal lung
Authors: Manolakis Al. , Bordei P. , Dina C. , Iliescu D.M.
Published: July 2015

Using as study method the injection of plastic followed by corrosion, we described, on an 8 months fetal lung, a particular branching pattern of the right bronchial tree were the superior lobar bronchus arise on the right side of the trachea, at 4.1 cm cranial to tracheal bifurcation. Other features of tracheo-bronchial branching encountered in this case: the level and tracheal bifurcation site and origin and the trajectory of the main bronchi, the middle lobar bronchi of the right lung and apical bronchus of the inferior lobar bronchi. To these peculiarities of the tracheo-bronchial tree are described also the peculiarities of the pulmonary arteries branches, which accompanies bronchial ramifications.
The Core of Aggregative Cooperative Games with Externalities
Authors: Stamatopoulos Giorgos
Published: July 2015

This paper analyzes cooperative games with externalities generated by aggregative normal form games. We construct the characteristic function of a coalition S for various coalition formation rules and we examine the corresponding cores. We first show that the $$\gamma $$-core is non-empty provided each player’s payoff decreases in the sum of all players’ strategies. We generalize this result by showing that if S believes that the outside players form at least $$l(s) = n - s - (s - 1)$$ coalitions, then S has no incentive to deviate from the grand coalition and the corresponding core is non-empty (where n is the number of players in the game and s the number of members of S). We finally consider the class of linear aggregative games (Martimort and Stole 2010). In this case, if S believes that the outsiders form at least $$\widehat l(s) = {n \over s} - 1$$ coalitions [where $$\widehat l(s) \le l(s)$$] a core non-emptiness result holds again.
An adjustable flow restrictor for implantable infusion pumps based on porous ceramics
Authors: Jannsen Holger , Klein Stephan , Nestler Bodo
Published: July 2015

This paper describes an adjustable flow restrictor for use in gas-driven implantable infusion pumps, which is based on the resistance of a flow through a porous ceramic material. The flow inside the walls of a ceramic tube can be adjusted between 270 nl/min and 1260 nl/min by changing the flow path length in the ceramic over a distance of 14 mm. The long-term stability of the flow restrictor has been analyzed. A drift of -8% from the nominal value was observed, which lies within the required tolerance of ±10% after 30 days. The average time needed to change the flow rate is 40 s. In addition, the maximum adjustment time was 110 s, which also lies within the specification.
Rural area marginalisation: searching for tendencies. Case study: the Western fringes of Poland
Authors: Markuszewska Iwona
Published: July 2015

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the intensity of rural area marginalisation. As a study region, Western periphery of Poland has been chosen. The spatial scope of the research covers three border voivodeships: Dolnośląskie, Lubuskie and Zachodniopomorskie, however, the study was conducted at the local level, including 310 rural and rural-urban gminas (administrative region of the 3rd order in Poland). The statistical data were derived from the Central Statistical Office from the period of last two decades. Results revealed the differences in the level of rural area marginalization and were analysed in terms of agricultural and socio-economic aspects.
Quarter Modernization of Construction Residential "New Praga" in Warsaw - Risks and Possibilities/ Modernizacja Kwartału Zabudowy Mieszkaniowej „Nowej Pragi” W Warszawie, Zagrożenia I Możliwości
Authors: Majewska Anna , Denis Małgorzata
Published: July 2015

The district “New Praga” is located on the right-bank of Warsaw in North Praga which is one of the oldest districts of the city. The citizens of this district, where an analyzed building quarter is located, are people with a lower social status than the rest of Warsaw’s population, who benefit from the social assistance (30%); moreover, there are a large number of crimes and high unemployment among young people in this area. These data show how difficult is to modernize this area because the improvement of a construction tissue is not enough to fully help the local community. Financial resources are needed to increase the level of education that allows finding new jobs and improves the quality of life. Afterwards, the modernization of tenements should be taken care for.
Value of Antiquity in the Restoration Process of the Art Nouveau Villa Duelfer in Barlinek/ Wartość Dawności W Procesie Renowacji Secesyjnej Willi Architekta W Barlinku
Authors: Rutyna Halina
Published: July 2015

The value assigned to time-worn objects and buildings seems crucial to a conservator’s theoretical beliefs. The notion of antiquity is almost imprinted in the structure of the building itself, as well as in the concept of the time that has lapsed since the erection of the building. The head of the restoration project of the 1908 art nouveau Villa Duelfer, in Barlinek, which gradually fell into ruin after the war, presents how, in practice, this idea of antiquity was respected in that project. On the hundredth anniversary of the construction of the villa, the building, commonly referred to as the ‘Pałacyk Cebulowy‘, has lived to see its revival by sustaining its primary residential function, its architectural form and its historic values, in an urban context.
Synthesis of new 4′-(N-alkylpyrrol-2-yl)-2,2′: 6′,2″-terpyridines via N-alkylation of a pyrrole moiety
Authors: Husson Jérôme , Guyard Laurent
Published: July 2015

New 4′-(N-alkylpyrrol-2-yl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines were synthesized by N-alkylation of a pyrrole substituent with alkyl halides in dimethyl sulfoxide.
Iranian adolescents’ insufficient physical activity: a mixed methods explanatory sequential study
Authors: Baheiraei Azam , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Eesa , Nedjat Saharnaz
Published: July 2015

Background: Adolescents’ physical activity decreases from the stage of childhood to adulthood. This study was addressed to explain adolescents’ insufficient physical activity (IPA) and its related factors. The subjects were 1201 adolescents in the quantitative phase and 25 adolescents in the quantitative phase.

Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methods design with follow-up explanations variant was used, which involved collecting quantitative data (1201 adolescents) first and then explaining the quantitative results with in-depth interviews and written narrative (25 adolescents) during a qualitative study.

Results: The quantitative results showed that 98.8% of adolescents did not have the recommended physical activity. Five themes were extracted in the qualitative phase including the inhibitory effect of the school environment and peers, as well as the inhibitory effect of the family environment, lack of availability and cultural barriers for the presence of girls in the community, the effect of self-feeling and self-understanding, and physical and mental exhaustion and permutation. According to the qualitative findings of the study, physical and mental exhaustion expressed the fact that, although adolescents had an unfavorable sense of IPA, they were under the effects of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

Conclusion: The comparison of these themes indicates that this behavior is imposable but not optional.
Knowledge Transfer in Organizations: The Case of the Norwegian Army Defending Bergen 1940
Authors: Grieg-Smith Sven-Erik
Published: July 2015

This paper examines communication in crisis during the German attack on Bergen on the 9th of April 1940 and aims to clarify the difficulties under which military commanders operate. By the very nature of their role, leading officers inevitably take responsibility for the deaths of their own soldiers as well as of enemies but very few people appreciate - still less understand - the intricacies and stress of combat. This is especially so if there is a tension between the actions which appear most prudent to military officers in the field and those considered diplomatically appropriate by senior political officials.
Characteristics of Point-Bar Development under the Influence of a Dam: Case Study on the Dráva River at Sigetec, Croatia
Authors: Kiss Tímea , Balogh Márton
Published: July 2015

Before the extensive engineering works the Dráva River had braided pattern. However in the 19-20th centuries river regulation works became widespread, thus meanders were cut off, side-channels were blocked and hydroelectric power plants were completed. These human impacts significantly changed the hydro-morphology of the river. The aim of the present research is to analyse meander development and the formation of a point-bar from the point of view of indirect human impact. Series of maps and ortho-photos representing the period of 1870-2011 were used to quantify the longterm meander development, rate of bank erosion and point-bar aggradation. Besides, at-a-site erosion measurements and grain-size analysis were also carried out. As the result of reservoir constructions during the last 145 years floods almost totally disappeared, as their return period increased to 5-15 years and their duration decreased to 1-2 days. The channel pattern had changed from braided to sinuous and to meandering, thus the rate of bank erosion increased from 3.7 m/y to 32 m/y. On the upstream part of the point-bar the maximum grain size is 49.7-83.4 mm and the mean particle size is 7.6 mm, whilst on the downstream part the maximum grain size was only 39.7-39.9 mm and mean sediment size decreased to 6.1 mm. Due to the coarse sediment supply and the decreasing stream energy the point-bars develop quickly upstream and laterally too.
Modelling the Hydrological Effects of a Levee Failure on the Lower Tisza River
Authors: Kiss Tímea , Fehérváry István , Fiala Károly
Published: July 2015

Along the Lower Tisza River (Hungary) the water level of the floods reached new record stages in 1998 and 2006, resulting in 80 cm increase in the peak flood level since the “great flood of 1970”. Due to the gradual weakening of the levee-system caused by the several long-lasting floods, the question has arisen, that as in case of a levee breach or failure how would it modify the hydrological parameters of the river. The aim of the research is to create a hydrological model to analyse the effects (as stage reduction, slope and stream power) of two different levee breaches: one happening before the peak of the flood and another at the time of the flood level. The simulated levee breaching happened on the Tisza River at Mindszent, and the data-set of the 2006 flood was used for the modelling (at that time no levee failure happened in Hungary, and it was the greatest flood in history).

In the simulation the levee was broken at a point, where the channel is very close and intensively eroding, thus there is a real risk of a levee failure. If the levee would be broken a well defined area (reservoir) would be flooded, surrounded by the secondary levees and the rim of the high floodplain. During the simulation the HEC-RAS 4.1. ArcGIS 10.1 and HEC-GeoRAS software were applied.

The greatest changes in the hydrology of Tisza occurred in the cross section where the levee breached, though the effects propagated upstream and downstream too. Due to the water outflow from the Tisza the greatest stage reduction effect was 1.54±0.1 m. The slope conditions changed too, as it increased from 4 cm/km to 6.5 cm/km in the upstream reach, while downstream of the failure point it decreased from 3.5 cm/km to 1.9 cm/km. At the same time the stream power increased from 4 W/m to 5.5 W/m in the upstream section, while it decreased from 3.5 W/m to 1.5 W/m in the downstream reach. Comparing the results of the simulations at different stages (one at the highest stage and one at 1.0 m lower stage) it seems that the hydrological parameters did not change considerably (1%), though in a case of a levee failure at higher the reservoir reached the maximal water level sooner, though less water was stored in it, as the fall of the river was continuous
Reconstruction of sediment provenance and transport processes from the surface textures of quartz grains from Late Pleistocene sandurs and an ice-marginal valley in NW Poland
Authors: Woronko Barbara , Pisarska-Jamroży Małgorzata , Loon A.J. (Tom) van
Published: July 2015

During the Pomeranian phase of the Weichselian glaciation (~17-16 ka), the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley (NW Poland and easternmost Germany) drained water from the Pomeranian ice sheet, while intensive aeolian processes took place across Europe in the foreland of the Scandinavian ice sheet (‘European Sand Belt’). The micromorphology of the quartz grains in the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley shows no traces of these aeolian processes, or only vague signs of aeolian abrasion. This is unique among the aeolian sediments in other Pleistocene ice-marginal valleys in this part of Europe. The study of the surfaces of the quartz grains shows that the supply of grains by streams from the south was minimal, which must be ascribed to the climate deterioration during the Last Glacial Maximum, which resulted in a decrease of the discharge of these extraglacial rivers to the ice-marginal valley.