bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creation of the allergovaccines on the base of new technologies
Authors: Fedoseeva V N , Fedoseeva V N
Published: July 2021

The achievements of molecular immunology and allergology at the last years allow to create new hypoallergenic and effective allergovaccines for ASIT. The structure of leading allergen epitopes responsible for cross-reactivity in allergic process was decoded. It was shown, that allergen cross-reactivity appears to be all-biological phenomenon that creates the certain difficulties in the development of AV specific preparations. Recombinant allergens play the important role in standardization of diagnostic and medical forms of allergens and allow to get comparable results on IgE-linking activities of natural and recombinant forms in the skin and in vitro-tests. Usage of new technologies in creation of AV for ASIT is perspective. Recombinant allergens define a new strategy in the development of allergen-specific therapy. The prospects of new technologies using the development of AV with high effectiveness in treatment of patients with allergic diseases, is justified and will allow to get the safe medical preparations, which action is directed on creation of antiallergic immune response.
Antiallergic activity of different kinds of medicinal vegetative raw material
Authors: Afanas'eva Yu G , Baschenko N Zh , Speranskiy V V , Khababutdinova Z R , Afanasieva J G , Baschenko N Z , Speransky V V , Hababutdinova Z R
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study. To study 26 kinds of medicinal vegetative raw material to reveal their antianaphy lactic activity. Materials and methods. Comparative studying of antianaphylactic activity of vegetative objects was carried out with use of ovalbumin models of systemic anaphylactic shock and passive skin anaphylaxis. Results. All kinds of the investigated vegetative raw material had a suppressing action on the development and the degree of suppression the passive skin anaphylaxis. The most active were liquorices, leaves of a birch, cowberry, nettle, mint, walnut, tea green, St.-Gohn's wort, horsetail herb, hop cones, linden flowers, chamomile flowers, styles with stigmata of maydays. The influence of water extractions on the development of system anaphylactic shock has been shown, as well as some vegetative objects extended the time of beginning anaphylactic reactions and reduced the degree of their expressiveness. The most active were liquorices, leaves of birch, cowberry, nettle, mint, walnut, grass of violet, horsetail, hop cones and lindens flowers. The conclusion. Liquorices, leaves of birch, nettle, mint, walnut, tea green, grass of horsetail, violet, styles with stigmata of maydays possess antianaphylactic activity
Dendritic cells: perspectives of clinical application
Authors: Kremer E E , Vasil'eva M V , Ogorodova L M , Kremer E E , Vasilyeva M V , Ogorodova L M
Published: July 2021

In this review basic properties of dendritic cells and their role in immunopathological conditions are considered. Methods of dendritic cells cultivation and their influence on functional activity of dendritic cells are described. Perspectives of dendritic cells clinical application for immunotherapy of cancer, infection diseases, allergy and autoimmune diseases are analyzed.
THE ANTISTAPHYLOCОCCAL ACTIVITY OF PYRITHIONE ZINC IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS TREATMENT
Authors: Bayazitova L T , Tyurin Yu A , Sukmanskaya E O , Tyupkina O F , Kulikov S N , Fassakhov R S , Bayazitova L T , Tyurin Yu A , Sukmanskaya E O , Tyupkina O F , Kulikov S N , Fassakhov R S
Published: July 2021

Background. The antibacterial activity of pyrithione zinc against S. aureus in therapy of atopic dermatitis was studied.
Methods. Pyrithione zinc cream (0,2%) was used topically during 21 days in 1 to 13-years old patients with slight atopic dermatitis two times daily, and with lichenoid atopic dermatitis once a day. Pyrithione zinc aerosol (0,2%) was used in patients with eczematization or oedema two times daily.
Results and conclusion. The clinical efficacy of pyrithione zinc was observed. S. aureus density on the patient's skin as well as the expression of coccal virulence factors were decreased.
Clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis and diagnostically meaningful indicators monitoring of immune status parameters in children with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection at abackground of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Pronin A Yu , Serkov I L , Kaminskiy G D , Lebedeva N N , Smirnov E V , Drobyshevskaya E V , Gudima G O , Sidorovich I G , Pronin A Ju , Serkov I E , Kaminskiy G D , Lebedeva N N , Smirnov E V , Drobishevskaya E V , Gudima G O , Sidorovich I G
Published: July 2021

Background. The influence of HAART on the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in HIV-infected children in parallel with the assessment of its effectiveness in relation to the dynamics of diagnostically important indicator of immune status and viral load.
Methods. During the period from 1998 to 2008 among children in the check-up at the Moscow Regional Center of AIDS with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection in the formation of a group of 26 children, who retrospectively analyzed the clinical and immunological characteristics. To study the dynamics of changes in clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis on the background of HAART, analyzed the quantitative indicators of CD4 + T-lymphocytes and assessed the changes in viral load.
Results. As of 01.01.2009 years in the Moscow region reported 224 children with HIV infection, of whom 111 are under HAART children. Of the children in the HAART, 26 children (29%) to destination therapy have pronounced symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD). All children of the group was appointed by HAART in accordance with accepted standards. Laboratory indices and clinical manifestations of AD were recorded before HAART and after 9 months after initiation of therapy. According to the results of clinical observations in the survey group of patients in 20 children (77%) 9 months after the appointment of HAART AD symptoms disappeared completely, while 5 children (19%) noted a clear improvement. Only one HIV-infected child (4%) AD was recurrent in nature. Analysis of laboratory data showed that prior to the start of HAART, quantitative indicators of CD4 + T-lymphocytes in children from this group (n = 26) was 23,69 ±4,24 per cent of the total number of lymphocytes. As a result of HAART, the proportion of CD4 + T lymphocytes increased to 29,35±2,61%. When comparing the results of the quantification of HIV RNA in plasma observed decrease in the value decimal logarithm of viral load from 5,22 ±0,21 to 1,54 ±0,71.
Conclusions. Highly active antiretroviral therapy of HIV-infected children leads to a cessation of manifestation of AD not giving in to conventional therapy. This effect is realized against the background of the normalization of the indicators of CD4 + T-lymphocytes and reduction in viral load to not defined level.
Use of Mustela Stelatopia moisturising products in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Revyakina V A , Surkov A T , Makarova S T , Balabolkin I I , Revyakina V A , Surkov A G
Published: July 2021

THE AIM OF THE STUDY WAS To estimate the efficiency and tolerance of daily application of Mustela Stelatopia emollient cream and bath oil as products for care of child's skin in 64 children suffering from atopic dermatitis. Results. The study showed that Mustela Stelatopia had a considerable treatment-and-prophylactic effects resulted to lower dryness and reduced itching. Skin humidity and SCORAD index during the study had expressed positive dynamics in children of the basic group unlike the comparison group
CONFIRMATION OF ETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS IN CHILDREN WITH HOUSE DUST MITE ALLERGY AS AN ESSENTIAL STAGE BEFORE ALLERGEN SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY. A REVIEW
Authors: Trusova O V , Kamaev A V , Lyashenko N L , Makarova I V
Published: July 2021

House dust mites are important cause for allergic rhinitis, and almost half of allergic rhinitis patients is sensitized to them. In patients with house dust mite allergy evidence of sensitivity can not be strictly achieved with medical history and patients complaints, since the cause-effect relationships are not obvious. At the same time incomplete allergological examination can lead to an incorrect definition of the main relevant allergens, and expensive treatment may not give the desired result in this cases. The estimation of the allergens for allergenspecific immunotherapy should be based on the disease history, detection of offending allergens by means of allergological examination in vivo with skin tests, nasal or conjunctival provocational tests, and component diagnostics if necessary. This approach based on use of provocational tests as a part of allergological examination is considered to be one of the ways to personalized therapy.
CURRENT CONCEPTS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Smirnova G I
Published: July 2021

Modern data describing the current understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD): a genetic predisposition to atopy, disturbances of the intestinal microbiome, disruptions of epidermal barrier integrity and a cascade of immune responses, contributing allergic inflammation in the skin are presented. There are both described several mechanisms of acute and chronic phases of AD, the main directions of pathogenetically substantiated treatment of AD in children and indicated the prospects of new preparations specific blockers of proinflammatory cytokines involved in the development of AD - crisaborole, dupilumab, apremilast et al. External therapy of atopic skin lesions in AD children with modern dermatological cosmetics is presented.
FEATURES OF CLINICAL COURSE AND TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN COMBINATION WITH OBESITY
Authors: Glushkova E F , Shartanova N V
Published: July 2021

Background. Obesity is considered to be one of the risk factors for the development of bronchial asthma (BA) and the reasons for lack of control can probably influence on inflammation of respiratory tract. However, the nature of these relationships needs to be clarified. The aim of the research was to characterise it clinically, functionally, allergologically and endocrinologically, to highlight the features of the course and to define the tactics of treating patients suffering from bronchial asthma in combination with obesity. Methods. The research was made on the basis of the National Research Center - Institute of Immunology of Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia: both in outpatient and inpatient conditions. A statistical analysis of 367 patients treated in inpatient conditions due to exacerbation of asthma of various severity and different BMI was performed. 40 patients with BA who satisfied all inclusion criteria and did not have exclusion criteria were treated in outpatient conditions. Patients were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 20 patients suffering from asthma and having a BMI of more than 30 kg/m2. A control group consisted of 20 patients suffering from asthma and having a normal BMI. Results. When the data of the research was analyzed, it was found that the prevalence of obesity among the 367 patients with asthma and being treated in inpatient conditions in 2013-2015 was 44,9% of patients, which is comparable to the prevalence of obesity among the population in general. Conclusions. The data of the patients suffering from asthma and obesity treated both in inpatient and outpatient conditions, was analyzed and it is set that obesity does not affect the severity of the clinical course of asthma. It is shown that obesity does not affect the control of symptoms of asthma.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSITIZATION IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE ATOPIC DERMATITIS FOR THE FIRST FOUR YEARS OF LIFE
Authors: Kamaltynova E M , Afanasyeva M C , Fedorova O S , Belonogova E G
Published: July 2021

Background. To reveal the regularities of sensitization formation in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) in first four years of life. Methods. Continuous crosssectional study of 69 children with an established diagnosis of AD from age 0 to 4 years was conducted. Severity was assessed according to the SCORAD scale. Clinical examination included: general and biochemical blood tests, determination of total IgE and allergenspecific IgE (IgEs) in serum against the most common epidermal and food allergens with ImmunoCAP, Phadia IDM (Sweden) technology. Results. Diagnostically significant levels of IgEs to these allergens had 68,11% of patients. Sensitization to cow’s milk was estimated in 38,98% (n=23), to chicken egg and its components in 67,92% (n=36), to chicken protein in 67,44% (n=29), to yolk in 54,28% (n=19), to cat epithelium in 47,5% (n=19) of children. Conclusion. Sensitization to food allergens marks the early development of sensitization to exogenous allergens, predominantly to the cat epithelium. Sensitization to house dust mites develops less frequently, but can also occur in children under one year of age. Sensitization to cat epithelium can accompany food sensitization as well as to be an independent cause of AD.
EMOLLIENTS IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS TREATMENT IN CHILDREN: CLINICAL AND PHARMACO-ECONOMICAL EFFICACY ANALYSIS
Authors: Kamaev A V , Trusova O V , Lyashenko N L , Makarova I V
Published: July 2021

Background. Even the mild course of atopic dermatitis (AD) requires the complex approach to the exacerbation therapy and prevention. Systematic skin care is the cornerstone of AD antirelapse therapy, but the emollients price might interfere the compliance. The study aim was to evaluate clinical effectiveness and pharmacoeconomics of therapeutic skin care complex Atopic (daily cream, reliver cream and shower gel) in children with AtD. Materials and methods. Open prospective evaluation of 1-month long. There were 50 children (6 month to 18 years old) with AtD included in 2 groups (exacerbation and remission, 25 children each). We have evaluated mean values of SCORAD index, skin itching and dryness (visual analog scales), pharmacotherapy requests and number of AtD exacerbations. Emollients’ consumption was determined by used packs’ weighting. Month total emollients’ outlay and 1 remission day cost with the Atopic therapeutic skin care complex application were calculated. Results. 47 patients (94%) had completed the protocol; 3 children had stopped Atopic applications due to individual intolerance. After 1 month in AtD exacerbation group mean SCORAD-index score had decreased from 41,8±4,6 to 13,4±2,7 (р=0,0001); in remission group initially low SCORAD results (7,2±0,9) hadn’t changed (6,3±1,8). Among outlay subgroups the daily cream cost was predominant. Mean 1 remission day cost was 72.9 and 52.4 rubles/day for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions. Gathered data allow to characterize Atopic complex as attractive quality/price ratio cosmetics and to recommend their wide usage in long-term anti-relapse AtD therapy in children.
Approbation of the method of identification of priority and competitive areas of applied medical science using allergology as an example
Authors: Rebrova O Yu
Published: July 2021

The previously proposed approach to the identification of priority and competitive subjects of medical research is applied to the field of science «allergology». The arguments that this area of science is the applied one are given. Search for publications on socioeconomic burden of allergic diseases in Russian Federation has been carried out, the only study on bronchial asthma has been found. Evidence gaps for medical technologies used in the allergology are identified (for atopic dermatitis as example), which represent the directions for priority research.
Allergic rhinitis: the choice of rational treatment
Authors: Sobolev A V , Kozlova Ya I , Pyatakova A V , Aak O V , Klimko N N
Published: July 2021

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases. Basic AR therapy includes both antihistamines of the second generation for per os administration in mild AR, and intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of moderate AR. In clinical practice, oral antihistamines (in combination with intranasal corticosteroids) can be rationally replaced with intranasal antihistamines. Momate Rhino Advance nasal spray (a combination of azelastine hydrochloride and mometasone furoate) is promising medication when used as firstline therapy in the treatment of moderate and severe manifestations of AR
Experience of modern skin care series Atopic® using in atopic dermatitis children
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Litovkina A O , Fedenko E S
Published: July 2021

Atopic dermatitis - chronic allergic skin inflammatory disease with genetic predisposition, dysbalance of immune response, dysfunction of an epidermal barrier and influence of various exogenous and endogenous factors. Epidermal barrier dysfunction leads to rising of permeability of a skin for allergens, microbs and nonspecific stimuli, as well as to sensitivity to various external influences. Clinically these implications are shown by skin xerosis symptoms therefore. According to modern clinical guidelines, the moisturizing agents, so called emollients, have to be used at all disease stages. Own data on use of modern skin care series Atopic® in complex therapy of atopic dermatitis patients are presented in the article.
Osobennosti proyavleniya perekrestnoy pishchevoy allergii v protsesse spetsificheskoy immunoterapii
Authors: Peredelskaya M Y , Nenasheva N M , Peredelskiy Y A
Published: July 2021

Food allergy has a significant impact on the decline of the patients’ quality of life. Cross-reactive food allergy is manifested by different clinical symptoms in patients with pollinosis. Food allergy profile changing and food tolerance formation as a result of ASIT has been actively investigating. This article discusses the clinical cases of regressing of cross-reactive food allergy as a result of SLIT.
Is the level of cord blood IgE considered to be a marker of antenatal «programming» of allergic phenotype in newborn infant?
Authors: Evsyukova I I , Ilchukova O V
Published: July 2021

The article presents the literature data and the results of own research on the allergic phenotype diagnostics and the prediction capability of IgE level in the cord blood in newborns.
To the question of prenatal predisposing factors to allergic diseases
Authors: Lavrova O V , Dymarskaya Y R , Petrova M A , Fedoseev G B
Published: July 2021

Background. To study the peculiarities of pregnancy in asthma women and the health status of their children. Materials and methods. We examined the natural course and outcomes of pregnancy of 1010 women with asthma and monitored health status of their children up to 7 years old. Women were under the observation of pulmonologist and obstetrician throughout the period of gestation; they were treated if necessary and provided with recommendations for the primary prevention of allergic diseases in unborn child. Immediately after delivery children were under the supervision of a pediatrician, allergist. Results. Rising incidence of pregnancy complications in patients with asthma is directly related to the lack of control of the disease, especially in the first trimester of gestation. The lack of adequate treatment of asthma increases the risk of threatened abortion (OR 1,76, CI 0,90-3,47), preeclampsia (OR 2,77, CI 0,94-8,14), placental insufficiency (OR 2,45, CI 1,04-5,87), which has a direct effect on the formation of allergic diseases and, particularly, asthma in their children. Conclusion. Even severe asthma, is not a contraindication for pregnancy. The basic condition for the safety pregnancy and delivery is the adequate medical care that is a set of preventive and therapeutic measures for control of the disease that improve the quality of life of women during gestation and reduce the risk of allergic disease in their children.
The compensatory reactions of the immune system in patients with a defect of antibodies synthesis - agammaglobulinemia
Authors: Sizyakina L P , Andreeva I I
Published: July 2021

In the present study, we describe changes in the immune state of patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (X-AGG). We observed the dynamic of the cellular component of the immune system of adaptive and cellular and humoral components of the innate immunity. We investigated parameters of the maturation, differentiation, activation of T-lymphocytes, NK-cells, monocytes, cytokines, antimicrobial peptides in the peripheral blood of these patients. We found the compensatory activation of the effectors systems. We observed decrease of CD4+Foxp3+cells, elevation of the activation functions of T-cells. Microbicidial activity of neutrophils was decreased.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin IG VENA in patients with primary antibody synthesis immunodeficiency
Authors: Latysheva E A , Latysheva T V , Martynova I A
Published: July 2021

Replacement immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used successfully for the treatment of primary immunodeficiency (PID) for over 60 years. During this time, a huge step forward in purification and manufacturing methods has been made. In addition IVIG therapy has been approved for other diseases and this number is steadily expanding causing an appearance of new IVIG on the pharmaceutical market. These drugs vary in composition, manufacturing technology and, as a consequence, in safety, administration rate, and efficacy. The new IVIG on the Russian market IG Vena was recently introduced. It has already proved its safety and efficacy abroad. This article presents the experience of using the drug IG Vena in adults with PID in immunopathology department of the Institute of Immunology FMBA Russia.
Eosinophilic esophagitis. Literature review
Authors: Vorzheva I I , Chernyak B A
Published: July 2021

This review summarizes recent research on epidemiology, etiology, mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis - a disease described about 20 years ago, the prevalence of which is increasing in recent years.
Levocetirizine in clinical practice of allergist
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Shtyrbul O V
Published: July 2021

Levocetirizine is an effective H1-blocker of histamine receptors in complex treatment of various allergic diseases. The article presents the literature data and own observational data on clinical efficacy and safety of levocetirizine in the treatment of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, allergic dermatoses.
Efficacy and safety of montelukast in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis in routine clinical practice: results of a prospective multicenter observational program
Authors: Sidorenko I V , Zahargevskaya T V
Published: July 2021

Background. To evaluate efficacy and safety of montelukast in the treatment of adult patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis or with combination of asthma and allergic rhinitis in routine clinical practice. Methods. The open-label, single-arm, prospective, multicenter observational program. No specific procedures beyond routine clinical practice were performed. Data collection was performed at baseline (at the enrollment in the program) as well as after the end of the prescribed course of treatment with montelukast Actavis, but not more than at 12 weeks of treatment. The study included 545 patients. Criteria for efficacy: the frequency of the daytime and nocturnal symptoms of asthma needs the rescue medications, the number of exacerbations during the last 3 months (hospitalizations, calls for specialized medical care), change of the nasal symptoms score (TNSS). Results. After 12 weeks of therapy, the proportion of patients who maintained daily asthma symptoms, decreased by 3,4 times and amounted to only 22% compared to 75,2% at baseline. Especially significant, 4,3-fold, reduced the number of patients with nocturnal symptoms - from 61,8% to 14,4%. The need to use drugs emergency and restriction of activities associated with asthma symptoms also decreased by 3,6 and 3,2 times, respectively. Conclusion. The use of montelukast Actavis in patients with asthma, AR and a combination of asthma and AR is efficient, safe, and helps to improve the control of asthma symptoms and the AR; the improvement of the general condition of patients, as well as reduction of the percentage of eosinophils in the blood was shown. The drug is well tolerated and is convenient for patients.
Efficiency of antihistamine medications for treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis in primary school children: clinical and immunological aspects
Authors: Prosekova E V , Turyanskaya A I , Netesova S Yu , Sabynych V A
Published: July 2021

Background. Comparative study of clinical and immunological efficiency of systemic [with desloratadine (Aerius®, Bayer n=28)] and topical [with azelastin (Allergodil®, Meda Pharma) n=28] antihistamine single-agent treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis in primary school children (56 children from 6 to 11 years old) was carried out on the basis of monitoring the dynamics of nasal mucosa inflammatory biomarkers (IgE, sIgA, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, IFN-y, TNFa). Materials and Methods. Questionnaires, selfmonitoring diaries with daily score-based assessment of the symptoms and the score of used pharmacologic agents, nasal discharge and touch smears of nasal cavity mucosa were used as investigative parameters in the study. The study was performed with the permission of the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Pacific State Medical University» of the Ministry ofHealth of the Russian Federation. Results. A monthlong therapy with desloratadine enabled clinical control of the symptoms of mild and moderate persistent allergic rhinitis in primary school children in 92,8% of cases and allowed to stop local allergic inflammation intensity as was proved by increasing symptom-free number of days and the fact that symptomatic treatment was not required. The use of desloratadine in the course of the next three months ensured retention of the achieved control. Side and adverse effects in the given group were not registered.
The effectiveness of intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines combination - mometasone furoate and azelastine hydrochloride nasal spray in adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis (The results of clinical trial)
Authors: Nenasheva N M , Ilina N I , Fedoskova T G
Published: July 2021

Background. Intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines are the basis of pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis (AR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Momat Rhino Advance (fixed combination of azelastine hydrochloride 140 mcg + mometasone furoate 50 mcg) intranasal spray in seasonal rhinitis patients. Materials and methods. Momat Rhino Advance was administered within 14 days in adults with seasonal AR in comparison with the original azelastine hydrochloride and mometasone furoate, used in combination with each other from separate devices against nasal (TNSS) and non-nasal (TNNSS) rhinitis symptoms. In total, 220 patients 18-65 years old with moderate/severe seasonal AR, were randomized in an open, parallel-group, multicenter clinical trial conducted in 16 centers in the Russian Federation during the period from April to September 2014. Results and conclusion. As a result of the study a marked decreasing of nasal symptoms using scale TNSS (in 89,6% relatively to the initial visit, p
Fungal sensitization of patients with asthma in St. Petersburg
Authors: Kozlova Y I , Frolova E V , Sobolev A V , Aak O V , Uchevatkina A E , Filippova L V , Burygina E V , Klimko N N
Published: July 2021

Background. Fungal sensitization is associated with severe uncontrolled asthma. Connections of specific, micromycetes and fungal allergens with disease development and immunopathogenesis of asthma with fungal sensitization are not well understood. Methods. The study included 120 patients with different grades of asthma severity. Results. Fungal sensitization was detected in 48 patients with asthma (40%). Severe course of asthma with fungal sensitization was identified in 7 patients (14,6%). The main fungal allergens in patients with severe asthma were Alternaria spp. and Aspergillus spp., in patients with mild and moderate course of disease - Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. Increasing of serum total IgE and enhancing the ability of blood cells to produce IL2 and IFN-y in patients with bronchial asthma with fungal sensitization were revealed. The obtained results indicated the important role of Th1 along with Th2 cells in the development of immunopathological process in asthma patients withfungal sensitization. Conclusion. Further research is necessary for determination of clinical and immunological criteria of severe asthma with fungal sensitization and study of the effectiveness of antimycotic therapy.
Current strategies of allergen-specific immunotherapy
Authors: Pavlova K S , Kurbacheva O M
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the principles of the optimal allergovaccine choice for allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) for grass-pollen-allergy patients; reviewed efficacy and safety studies of the standardized mixt five-grass-pollen extract. Relatively grass sensitization is preferred use mixt grass-pollen extract is thus more suitable for specific immunotherapy, as it contains a broader repertoire of the epitopes, which approximate to the natural exposure conditions.
The case of systemic mastocytosis in the practice of the allergist-immunologist
Authors: Khludova L G , Myasnikova T N , Romanova T S , Latysheva T V
Published: July 2021

Mastocytosis is a disease caused by excessive proliferation of mast cells, and it can lead to anaphylactoid reactions. Different mechanisms are involving in the development of anaphylactoid and anaphylactic reactions, however, these reactions have a similar clinical picture. Therefore, patients with mastocytosis can get into the field of view of an allergist-immunologist with suspects insect, food, drug allergy or anaphylaxis of unknown origin. It’s important not only to suggest the correct diagnosis, but also to give the patient the recommendation to reduce the risk of life-threatening reactions. In this article the case of systemic mastocytosis without skin manifestations, which has been regarded for a long time by physicians as drug hypersensitivity is considered.
The original and generic antihistamines: issues of choice
Authors: Dukhanin A S
Published: July 2021

The work considers the issues relating to the interchangeability of generic and original drugs, studies of equivalence (pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic) and possible methodological problems of its evaluation. The author provides the criteria of a quality generic drug, the algorithm of the comparative analysis of main characteristics of original and generic antihistamines.
Oropharyngeal microbiota features in patients with bronchial asthma, depending on the severity of the disease and the level of control
Authors: Fedosenko S V , Ogorodova L M , Popenko A S , Petrov V A , Tyacht A V , Saltykova I V , Deev I A , Kulikov E S , Kirillova N A , Govorun V M , Kostryukova E S
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the results of the comparative analysis of the taxonomic composition of oropharyngeal microbiota obtained by swab from the back of the throat of the 2 groups of patients with bronchial asthma: patients with mild persistent controlled or partially controlled asthma, and patients with severe uncontrolled asthma. The swab collecting procedure was performed in a stable period of the disease without exacerbations episodes and systemic antibiotic therapy courses within the previous 4 weeks or more. Taxonomic identification of the microbiota was performed using conserved regions of bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. The study revealed a number of differences in the representation of the identified microorganisms that make up the oropharyngeal microbiota in patients with asthma, depending on the severity of asthma, the level of control, other clinical and anamnestic features.
Clinical and allergological characteristic of children with allergic rhinitis receiving allergen-specific immunotherapy in Altai region
Authors: Shakhova N V , Gordeev V V , Lobanov U F , Ardatova T S , Surcova M V
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study. To investigate clinical characteristics of the allergic rhinitis in children receiving allergen-specific immunotherapy. Methods. The epidemiologic observational multicenter study was conducted with the allergists of Altai region. The participating allergists filled out the specially designed medical record card on children with allergic rhinitis receiving ASIT. The study lasted from October 2013 to March 2014. Results. Allergists have filled out medical record cards of 165 children with allergic rhinitis receiving ASIT. The average age of children was 10,5±2,3 years, with the average of 4,8±2,5 years of allergic rhinitis prior to the start of ASIT. 159 (96,2%) children had moderate/severe allergic rhinitis, and 121 (73,3%) children had persistent allergic rhinitis. In 123 (74,5%) children rhinitis was accompanied by allergic conjunctivitis, and in 70 (42,2%) children - by bronchial asthma. 69 (41,8%) children receiving ASIT were mono-sensitized, 96 (58,2%) children were polysensitized. 48,5% of children were sensitized to house dust mites, 63,6% to tree pollen, 48,5% to meadow grass pollen, 30,9% to weed pollen, and in 21,8% sensitization to epidermal allergens was found. Conclusion. The findings of the study showed that in most cases (96,2%), children with allergic rhinitis receiving ASIT had moderate/severe rhinitis and in 73,3% symptoms were persistent. In 74,5% of cases, allergic rhinitis was accompanied by allergic conjunctivitis. Most part of children receiving ASIT had multiple sensitization (58,2%). Also a delayed beginning of ASIT was observed - 4,8±2,5 year from primary diagnosis to ASIT initiation.
REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF PERIOSTIN AS A NOVEL BIOMARKER OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Masalskiy S S , Kalmikova A S , Ukhanova O P , Klimov L Y , Razgulaeva A V
Published: July 2021

The survey shows the role of periostin in the asthma research. This is extracellular protein involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in asthma in children and adults. The role of periostin in the pathogenesis of atopic and nonatopic diseases was analyzed in this review. The appearance of the biomarker, responsible for airways remodeling, can give a clear understanding of the clinical stage of the process and the ability to achieve asthma control. Correlation between periostin, peripheral blood eosinophilia and fractional exhaled nitric oxide can be considered as an additional criterion for control of the disease.
Perioperative drug hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Zhukova D G , Fedenko E S , Yudin A A , Tsyvkina E A
Published: July 2021

Drug’s hypersensitivity reactions occurring during perioperative period are potentially life-threatening clinical conditions and require a different approach. This review covers current understanding of epidemiology and clinical sings of drug’s hypersensitivity reactions occurring during perioperative period. It focuses on reducing the risk of anaphylaxis during anesthesia.
ATOPIC DISEASES WITHOUT SYSTEMIC SENSIBILIZATION
Authors: Korostovtsev D S , Galenko L A , Trusova O V , Kamaev A V , Makarova I V
Published: July 2021

The diagnosis of allergic disease related to the group of immediate hypersensitivity involves confirmation of IgE sensitization: positive skin tests with the suspected allergen and/or detection of allergen-specific IgE. Research over the past decades showed that IgE synthesis may occur exclusively in the tissues of the affected organ and derived allergen-specific antibodies may not enter the systemic circulation. In contrast to «atopy», this concept of local sensitization was termed «entopy». local production of IgE was detected in more then 47% of adults previously diagnosed as having non-allergic rhinitis. besides the nasal mucosa, local sensitization was found in lymphoid tissues of nasopharyngeal ring, bronchial mucosa in some patients with non-atopic asthma, esophageal mucosa in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. The processes of local immune response is currently studied and probably one day the accumulated data will swing our understanding of atopic sensitization, that will be reflected in classification and therapeutic approaches.
PROPERTIES OF POLLEN ALLERGENS AND THEIR CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Shamgunova B A , Levitan B N , Sartova A R , Yarilina L G , Suchkov S V
Published: July 2021

Pollen, the male gametophyte of flowering plant species, is one of the most predominant sources of environmental allergens, and a significant cause of allergic disease. This review discusses the nature of pollen proteins as allergens, their effect on the human immune system. The influence of cross-reactive pollen allergens to the incidence of food sensitivities is also discussed. Flowering plant species that posses allergenic pollen, identified with allergens cloned from these species, are also discussed.
PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR AND IT’S INTERRELATION WITH ALLERGIC DISEASES
Authors: FOMINA D S , GORYACHKINA L A , BOBRIKOVA E N
Published: July 2021

The role of the рlatelet activating factor in allergic diseases remains to be uncertain up to the present. the appearing of the new antihistamine compound with anti-Pat potency directs researcher’s attention to this mediator and it’s role in allergic diseases.
THE PERCEPTION OF ALLERGY AND SELECTION OF ANTI-ALLERGIC DRUGS TO PATIENTS. FOCUS-GROUP DISCUSSION
Authors: Danilycheva I V , Shulzhenko A E
Published: July 2021

The patient’s perception of their illness is critical for effective treatment. Data on medical psychological testing of patients with allergic diseases are absent in Russia, therefore, the results of interviewing of patients by «focusgroup» method are of interest. The main issues of discussion: the perception of allergy and it’s manifestations / symptoms approach to the selection and choice of therapy, attitude to the various brands, especially Suprastin and Suprastinex. The article presents the results of the survey.
Results of pollen monitoring and features of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Samara
Authors: Manzhos M V , Bahentsev K Y , Khabibulina L R , Vlasova N V , Kavelenova L M
Published: July 2021

Background. The objective was to study the taxonomic diversity of the concentration of pollen, its changes and peculiarities of the course of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Samara city. Methods. Pollen was located with gravimetric method on the glass, covered with a special mixture. Clinical and allergological examination conducted among 775 children aged from 5 to 18 years and 692 adults with symptoms of rhinitis. Results. Registered three periods of increase of concentration of pollen: spring period, summer period and summer-autumn period. The major taxa in the spring was pollen Populus - 49% and Betula - 27% during this period. In the summer period dominated pollen was Pinus - 37%, Poaceae - 28% and Betula - 22%. In summer-autumn period prevailed pollen grains Ambrosia - 63% and Artemisia - 10%, of the total number of pollen grains for this period. Clinical and allergological studies have shown that the proportion of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis is 78% among the total number of patients with allergic rhinitis. Isolated form of seasonal allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 22% of children and in 20% of adults. Patients of this group are allergic to pollen, weeds and compositae revealed in 68%, trees - 20%, cereals - 12% of cases. Conclusion. Qualitative and quantitative composition of aeropalynologic spectrum was established and showed the peculiarities of the course of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Samara city.
Atopic dermatitis prevalence in population of Moscow 1-year old children
Authors: Geneva M S , Munblit D B , Ermolaeva E I , Pampura A K
Published: July 2021

Background. Atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence may be compared in cohorts evaluated with standardized questionnaires. The prevalence of AD in Russia with the UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis was not tested yet. Objective. To estimate AD prevalence in a population of Moscow 1-year old children with the UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis Methods. A population cohort of 393 children was recruited in Postnatal Department of Moscow No.1 Maternity Hospital in 2011. One year later 363 mothers (92,4%) were questioned with the UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis. Cheeks/body hyperemia and/or skin rash were also estimated in 365 families in connection with food intake by a child or by his mother during breastfeeding. Sensitization at the age of one was investigated in 130 children. Results. The UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis diagnosed AD in 2,2% children (8 of 363). One or more episode of cheeks/body hyperemia and/or skin rash during the first year of life was in 45,75%. 5,38% of children were sensitized. Conclusion. A few amount of one year old children Moscow population is diagnosed with AD according to the UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis, especially in compare to the number of children with skin reactions to the dietary intake.
Peculiarities of inflammatory process and markers of inflammation in patients with bronchial asthma and COPD
Authors: Fedoseev G B , Trofimov V I , Timchik V G , Negrutsa K V , Gorovneva E V , Razumovskaya T S , Alexandrin V A , Kryakunov K N , Filippova N A , Birulya I V
Published: July 2021

The investigation concerned the diagnostic value of following inflammation markers in patients with mild or moderate bronchial asthma (BA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis and pneumonia: expired air nitric oxide (Feno) and serum levels of α 1-antitripsin and neutrophilic elastase. 93 patients were included: 6 with mild BA, 11 - with moderate BA, 17 - with mild BA and chronic bronchitis, 25 - with moderate BA and COPD, 25 - with COPD, 9 - with pneumonia. The control group consisted of 21 healthy donors. We revealed that Feno, α 1-antitripsin and neutrophilic elasthase indicate the presence of the inflammation: Feno elevation mostly related to allelrgic one, α 1-antitripsin and neutrophilic elasthase - to infection-dependent inflammation. Treatmentinduced remission of the disease leads to the decrease of α 1-antitripsin and neutrophilic elasthase, but levels are not reaching the normal values. This confirms the presence of airways inflammation during clinical remission of the disease. Elevated levels of α 1-antitripsin and neutrophilic elasthase are associated with the decreased forced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV 1 - % to the predicted values).
ASSESSMENT OF THE METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS PUBLISHED IN «RUSSIAN ALLERGOLOGY JOURNAL» IN 2009-2013 (PART 1)
Authors: DOMBROVSKIY V S , RAKINA E A , REBROVA O YU
Published: July 2021

Background. To assess the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in «Russian Allergology Journal» (RAJ) in 2009-2013. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 96 original publications was carried out. For 8 RCT the risks of biases were assessed using the methodology of the Cochrane Collaboration. Accuracy of statistical analysis was assessed in accordance with established in 2009 journal’s requirements (will be presented in next publication). Results. 96 articles were analyzed, 8 (8%) of them were identified as RCTs. All the RCTs have a high risk of the biases and major mistakes in the statistical analysis. Conclusion. The methodological quality of RCTs is insufficient and needs to be improved. We consider that improvement of trials’ planning should play the most important role. Collaboration with the experts in clinical trials’ methodology is strongly recommended. The analysis empowers researchers to consider existing experience and to improve methodological quality of RCTs, their relevance to international standards.
Diagnosis and treatment of complicated forms of atopic dermatitis in children
Authors: Smirnova G I
Published: July 2021

The article deals with a clinical and diagnostic criteria and character of skin lesions in children with atopic dermatitis and second infection. Various factors are analysed that influence the course of the disease at different infections, the basic principles of therapy of atopic dermatitis with infections are discussed.
Clinical and immunological features of infants born from mothers with threatened miscarriage
Authors: Kolesnikova S M , Levkova H A , Denisova S N , Bogdanova S V
Published: July 2021

Most of researchers denote predominance of morbid conditions, originated from prenatal period of life, in infant disease structure. To their mind, these points to the interrelation between these diseases and mother’s somatic health and het gestation course. The goal of the research was to study how the feto-maternal disease influences clinical and immunological status of infants at neonatal age. The observance has been held under 73 infants, born from mothers with different types of gestation. The first group contained infants, born from mothers with physiologic gestation course, the second group - infants, born from mothers with threatened miscarriage. The clinical laboratory examination of newborns and infants included evaluation of anthropometric characteristics, somatic status, ultrasound examination of thymus, indexes of cellular immunity. The examiners used diagnostic immunoenzymometric test-systems of JSC «Vektor-Best» and standardized methods. The newborns of the second group had the most apparent aberrations of physical growth and development. The central nervous system depression in the form of encephalitic depression syndrome has been detected as the common consequence of severe prenatal fetal hypoxia and neonatal asphyxia of second group newborns. Moreover, infants, born from mothers with threatened miscarriage, predominantly had «abnormal small thymus’s syndrome». The results of immunological examinations showed that infants’ cellular-immunity changes depended on nature of mother’s gestation disorders (suppressor type dependence). The developing of evident immune suppression with signs of immunological tolerance disorder has been detected amongst infants, born from mothers with threatened miscarriage. The initial symptoms were allergenic dermhelminthiasis.
Allergic rhinitis in pediatric practice
Authors: Karpova E P
Published: July 2021

Allergic rhinitis (AR) in children is one of the most widespread diseases. children suffering from AR have to be under allergist and otorhinolaryngologist observation as well. there is a variety of medicine groups for AR treatment, but not all of them are preparations of choice from a position of evidential medicine. the most effective are intranasal glucocorticosteroids, especially from the last generation, having clinical efficiency and higher profile of a safety.
OMALIZUMAB: INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO THERAPY OF DIFFICULT TO CONTROL SEVERE ASTHMA AND COMORBID DISEASES In cHILDREN
Authors: Tsyplenkova S E , Mizernitslcy Y L , Sokolova L V , Sorokina E V
Published: July 2021

The paper summarizes the 5-year experience of omalizumab (Xolair) use in severe atopic uncontrolled asthma and related allergic diseases treatment in children; proposed basic criteria for selection of patients for this treatment.
THE PRACTICE OF CLINICAL USE OF AZOXIMER BROMIDE FOR THERAPY AND PREVENTION OF RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Authors: BULGAKOVA V A
Published: July 2021

The review presents the results of various studying of basic properties of azoximeri bromidum (polyoxidonium). The experience of application of immunomodulator in patients with respiratory diseases was analyzed. polyoxidonium has expressed immunomodulatory activity (including interferonproducing), has nonspecific protective effect against a broad range of pathogens that are not based on direct inhibition of microorganisms, and on the regulation of immune function. in addition, the drug has antitoxic and antioxidant properties. in the acute period of the disease polyoxidonium is recommended to prescribe in combination with etiotropic therapy and during rehabilitation or prevention of infectious diseases as monotherapy.