bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WND-Identifier: Automated and Efficient Identification of Wireless Network Devices
Authors: Zhu Fangzhou , Liu Liang , Hu Simin , Lv Ting , Ye Renjun
Published: November 2021

The widespread application of wireless communication technology brings great convenience to people, but security and privacy problems also arise. To assess and guarantee the security of wireless networks and user devices, discovering and identifying wireless devices become a foremost task. Currently, effective device identification is still a challenging issue, as device fingerprinting requires huge training datasets and is difficult to expand, and rule-based identification is not accurate and reliable enough. In this paper, we propose WND-Identifier, a universal and extensible framework for the identification of wireless devices, which can generate high-precision device labels (vendor, type, and product model) efficiently without user interaction. We first introduce the concept of device-info-related network protocols. WND-Identifier makes full use of the natural language features in such protocol messages and combines with the device description in the welcome page, thereby utilizing extraction rules to generate concrete device labels. Considering that the device information in the protocol messages may be incomplete or forged, we further take advantage of the application logic independence and stability of the device-info-related protocol, so as to build a multiprotocol text classification model, which maps the device to a known label. We conduct experiments in homes and public networks and present three application scenarios to verify the effectiveness of WND-Identifier.
Optimized Tree Strategy with Principal Component Analysis Using Feature Selection-Based Classification for Newborn Infant’s Jaundice Symptoms
Authors: Samanta Debabrata , Karthikeyan M. P. , Karuppiah Marimuthu , Parwani Dalima , Maheshwari Manish , Shukla Piyush Kumar , Nuagah Stephen Jeswinde
Published: November 2021

One of the most important and difficult research fields is newborn jaundice grading. The mitotic count is an important component in determining the severity of newborn jaundice. The use of principal component analysis (PCA) feature selection and an optimal tree strategy classifier to produce automatic mitotic detection in histopathology images and grading is given. This study makes use of real-time and benchmark datasets, as well as specific approaches for detecting jaundice in newborn newborns. According to research, the quality of the feature may have a negative impact on categorization performance. Additionally, compressing the classification method for exclusive main properties can result in a classification performance bottleneck. As a result, identifying appropriate characteristics for training the classifier is required. By combining a feature selection method with a classification model, this is possible. The major outcomes of this study revealed that image processing techniques are critical for predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Image processing is a method of translating analogue images to digital formats and manipulating them. The primary goal of medical image processing is to collect information useful for disease detection, diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Image datasets can be used to validate the performance of newborn jaundice detection. When compared to conventional approaches, it offers results that are accurate, quick, and time efficient. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, which are common performance indicators, were also predictive.
Progression of Macular Atrophy in Patients Receiving Long-Term Anti-VEGF Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Real-Life Data
Authors: Blazaki Styliani , Blavakis Emmanouil , Smoustopoulos Georgios , Bontzos Georgios , Stavrakakis Anastasios , Chlouverakis Gregory , Kabanarou Stamatina , Xirou Tina , Tsilimbaris Miltiadis
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the progression of macular atrophy (MA) based on near-infrared reflectance (NIR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment for at least a 6-year period. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 53 naïve patients (53 eyes) with neovascular AMD from 2 centers, who were treated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections and had no MA at baseline. MA was evaluated in an annual basis using NIR images, while all available OCT images were used to confirm that the atrophic area fulfilled the criteria proposed by the Classification of Atrophy Meetings (CAM) group for complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy. Incidence and progression of MA were evaluated. Associations with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and total number of injections were also studied. Results: Treatment duration of our patients was 7.34 ± 1.54 years. The mean number of anti-VEGF injections was 24.4 ± 13.6. BCVA at baseline was 0.38 ± 0.27 logMAR, while at the final visit, it was 0.60 ± 0.35 logMAR (p = 0.731). The cumulative incidence of new MA at years 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 was 1.89%, 18.87%, 32.08%, 39.62%, 49.06%, and 50.94%, respectively. In patients who developed MA, mean MA area increased from zero at baseline to 5.66 ± 7.18 mm2 at the final visit. The estimated annual enlargement of MA was 0.45 mm/year based on square root transformation (1.12 mm2/year, untransformed data). MA progression does not appear to be significantly associated with age (R = 0.055; p = 0.784), gender (R = 0.113; p = 0.576), BCVA (R = 0.168; p = 0.404), and total number of injections (R = 0.133; p = 0.255). Conclusion: In this real-life setting, half of the neovascular AMD patients under anti-VEGF treatment, without MA at therapy initiation, developed MA over a period of at least 6 years. In this work, the number of injections did not seem to have a significant association with MA progression.
Long-Term Observation on Postoperative Recurrence and Complications of Transvaginal Mesh Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Yang Junfang , Zhang Kun , Han Jinsong , Wang Yiting , Yao Ying , Wang Huifang
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the risk factors for subjective recurrence and complications of patients who underwent transvaginal synthetic mesh surgery. Design: This retrospective cohort study included patients who received transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery between January 2005 and June 2019. Methods: The information of patients was collected, including basic characteristics, subjective recurrence, and mesh-related complications. The clinical characteristics of patients with and without subjective recurrence were compared. The sexual activities of patients before and after the operation were recorded. SPSS 20.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: A total of 257 patients were included. Among them, 62 (24.1%) patients were lost to follow-up. The median follow-up time was 80 months (12 months, 170 months). Finally, 195 patients were followed up, 11 (5.6%) patients had a subjective recurrence of pelvic organ prolapse, and 26 (13.3%) patients had mesh-related complications (11 patients with de novo pain and 15 patients with mesh exposure). We found significant differences in age (68.9 ± 5.1 vs. 63.4 ± 5.8 years old), years of postmenopause (17.5 ± 6.3 vs. 13.3 ± 6.9 years), previous hysterectomy (27.3% vs. 6.0%), and concomitant hysterectomy (45.5% vs. 81.0%) between patients with and without subjective recurrence (p < 0.05). The mesh exposure proportion of patients with total vaginal mesh (47.6%) was significantly higher than that with anterior vaginal mesh (2.9%) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 6.7% of sexually active patients reported de novo dyspareunia. Limitation: The investigators could only record the subjective recurrence of patients, and thus there is a lack of objective recurrence data. Conclusion: Age, years of postmenopause, and previous hysterectomy are risk factors for subjective recurrence of TVM surgery; however, concomitant hysterectomy is a protective factor. Mesh exposure is the most common complication, especially for total vaginal mesh repair surgery.
“A lógica confusa de um sistema de expressão”: literatura e filosofia como dispositivos de visão segundo Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Carbone Mauro , Moura Alex de Campos
Published: November 2021

Todo o percurso do pensamento de Merleau-Ponty é atravessado – em alguns casos de maneira mais evidente do que em outros – por aquilo que proponho definir como uma ideia da literatura e da filosofia como dispositivos de visão, para usar uma expressão que nasceu – e não por acaso – no domínio dos estudos cinematográficos. Mais precisamente, gostaria de mostrar que Merleau-Ponty vê a literatura e a filosofia de seu tempo operarem como dispositivos de visão convergentes, visão esta que deve ser considerada, por sua vez, como uma prática corporal e não apenas ocular. Dito isso, deve-se sublinhar que tais dispositivos visuais convergentes têm a particularidade de funcionar com as palavras, e que Merleau-Ponty enfatiza sua eficácia diferenciada na expressão de seu tempo. Além disso, penso que a ideia implícita da filosofia como um dispositivo de visão operante por palavras “como toda a literatura” tem um lugar importante, mas por enquanto não suficientemente desenvolvido, no último período do pensamento de Merleau-Ponty. Mais ainda, gostaria de sublinhar que essa perspectiva é crucial também para o nosso tempo, embora considere que ela seja diferente daquela de Merleau-Ponty.
Progression of Carcinoid Heart Disease in the Modern Management Era
Authors: Baron Emilie , Szymanski Catherine , Hergault Hélène , Lepère Céline , Dubourg Olivier , Hauguel‐Moreau Marie , Mansencal Nicolas
Published: November 2021

Background

The development of carcinoid heart disease (CaHD) is still relatively unclear. It is difficult to define an optimal follow‐up for patients without any cardiac involvement at baseline. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and natural history of CaHD by annual echocardiographic examinations.

Methods and Results

We studied 137 consecutive patients (61±12 years, 53% men) with proven digestive endocrine tumor and carcinoid syndrome between 1997 and 2017. All patients underwent serial conventional transthoracic echocardiographic studies. Right‐sided and left‐sided CaHD were systematically assessed. We used a previous validated echocardiographic scoring system of severity for the assessment of CaHD. An increase of 25% of the score was considered to be significant. Mean follow‐up was 54±45 months. Prevalence of CaHD was 27% at baseline and 32% at 5‐year follow‐up. Disease progression was reported in 28% of patients with initial CaHD followed up for >2 years (n=25). In patients without any cardiac involvement at baseline, occurrence of disease was 21%. CaHD occurred >5 years from the initial echocardiographic examination in 42% of our cases, especially in patients presenting with new recurrence of a digestive endocrine tumor. An increase of urinary 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid by 25% during follow‐up was identified as an independent predictor of CaHD occurrence during follow‐up (hazard ratio [HR], 5.81; 95% CI, 1.19–28.38;
P
=0.03), as well as a maximum value of urinary 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid >205 mg/24 h during follow‐up (HR, 8.41; 95% CI, 1.64–43.07;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that in patients without initial CaHD, cardiac involvement may occur late and is related to serotonin. Our data emphasize the need for cardiologic follow‐up in patients with recurrence of the tumor process.
Effectiveness and Safety of NOAC Versus Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Melgaard Line , Overvad Thure Filskov , Jensen Martin , Christensen Thomas Decker , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Nielsen Peter Brønnum
Published: November 2021

Background

Guideline recommendations on the use of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with aortic stenosis are based on studies including a low number of patients with aortic stenosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of NOAC versus warfarin on thromboembolism and major bleeding among AF patients with aortic stenosis.

Methods and Results

We emulated a target trial using observational data from Danish nationwide registries between 2013 and 2018. Thromboembolism was defined as a hospital diagnosis of ischemic stroke and/or systemic embolism, and major bleeding was defined as a hospital diagnosis of intracranial bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, or major or clinically relevant bleeding in other anatomic sites. Treatment effect estimates were based on an intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol approach. A total of 3726 patients with AF and aortic stenosis claimed a prescription for either a NOAC (2357 patients) or warfarin (1369 patients) and met the eligibility criteria for the trial. During 3 years of follow‐up, the adjusted hazard ratios for thromboembolism and major bleeding were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.08–2.45) and 0.73 (0.59–0.91) for NOAC compared with warfarin in the intention‐to‐treat analyses. Similar results were observed in the per‐protocol analyses.

Conclusions

In this observational study, we observed a higher risk of thromboembolism but a lower risk of major bleeding for treatment with NOACs compared with warfarin in patients with AF and aortic stenosis. This observation needs confirmation in large randomized trials in these commonly encountered patients.
Structured Self-Supervised Pretraining for Commonsense Knowledge Graph Completion
Authors: Huang Jiayuan , Du Yangkai , Tao Shuting , Xu Kun , Xie Pengtao
Published: November 2021

To develop commonsense-grounded NLP applications, a comprehensive and accurate commonsense knowledge graph (CKG) is needed. It is time-consuming to manually construct CKGs and many research efforts have been devoted to the automatic construction of CKGs. Previous approaches focus on generating concepts that have direct and obvious relationships with existing concepts and lack an capability to generate unobvious concepts. In this work, we aim to bridge this gap. We propose a general graph-to-paths pretraining framework that leverages high-order structures in CKGs to capture high-order relationships between concepts. We instantiate this general framework to four special cases: long path, path-to-path, router, and graph-node-path. Experiments on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods. The code will be released via the public GitHub repository.
LEXICAL ANALYSIS OF STATEMENTS ABOUT COVID-19 OF PEOPLE WITH A HIGH LEVEL OF SOMATIZATION
Authors: Medvedeva Tatiana I. , Enikolopov Sergey N. , Boyko Olga M. , Vorontsova Oksana Yu. , Stankevich Maxim A.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. One of the negative consequences of the pandemic may be an increase in somatization. The analysis of statements about the pandemic makes it possible to identify peculiarities of attitude to the situation by people with different psychological problems. The aim of the study was the identification of implicit characteristics of texts indicating the peculiarities of the opinion about the situation by people with a high level of somatization. Materials and methods. The material was obtained in the online survey (03/23/2020 — 01/29/2021, 1188 people). The survey included an assessment of respondents’ condition, it was offered to express an opinion about what was happening in a free form. Used: SCL-90-R, COPE, Constructive Thinking Inventory (CTI). The statements about the pandemic were divided into the two text arrays — “high somatization” and “low somatization”. The frequency of occurrence of vocabulary in these text arrays was estimated. Results. The analysis showed an increase in somatization as the pandemic developed. The relationship between somatization and anxiety, sleep disturbances, and depression was revealed. Higher rates of somatization are associated with a decrease in emotional coping, an increase in categorical thinking and personal superstitious thinking. The connection between somatization and a number of non-constructive copings is shown. Lexical analysis showed a number of features of texts associated with high somatization, among them the number of pronouns of the first person, a decrease in the tonality of words, a vocabulary of suffering, negative, a decrease in the vocabulary of motivation and resistance, a decrease in vocabulary associated with the body. Conclusions. The lexical features of statements, typical for respondents with a high level of somatization, were revealed. The connection between somatization and high emotional distress, which manifests itself in negative emotional vocabulary and is associated with a low level of emotional coping, is shown. In the group with high somatization, a contradiction was revealed in the needs and methods of their implementation — the need for help from others is combined with concentration on the self. The “representation” of the pandemic, presented in the text, is “divorced” from somatic manifestations, fear of illness and death. With this “splitting” of mental and somatic functioning, the somatization can perform the function of emotional coping.
DYNAMICS OF STUDENT’S RELATIONS TOWARD HEALTH SUPPORTING AND MEDICAL PROPHYLACTIC MEASURES BEFORE COVID-19 AND AFTER FIRST STAGE OF PANDEMIA
Authors: Arestova Olga N. , Vzorin Gleb D.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. The present study examines attitudes to health supporting and medical prophylactic measures in students before and after the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology and sample. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire with two stages, each involving more than 150 students. Results. Students adhere to rational attitudes of health supporting and medical prophylactic, but their severity is insufficient. Hygiene rules are observed, a gentle regime for diseases is observed, health is monitored at home, contacts are limited. They are worried about their own health. Active forms of health supporting and medical prophylactic are insufficiently expressed. Vaccination, hardening, and medical examinations are particularly unpopular. Attitudes before and after the first stage of the pandemic did not differ significantly. The trends towards an active lifestyle, hygiene rules and adequate behavior in the event of an illness have increased. The popularity of vaccinations has decreased. Egocentric motivation for the use of preventive measures prevails. Key findings 1. The commitment of the surveyed students to health supporting and medical prophylactic is assessed as insufficiently high, primarily in relation to active methods. Concerns about health, fears of getting sick are observed. However, these experiences do not activate, rather strengthen the restrictive attitudes. 2. The impact of the first stage of the pandemic on the attitude of students to health supporting and medical prophylactic was insignificant. There is an increase in skepticism about vaccination. 3. The motive for applying security measures is to reduce personal risk, social components are less significant. Among the reasons for refusing preventive measures are skepticism about efficiency, unwillingness to support “business on problems”. The reason for the refusal of vaccination is indicated by uncertainty in safety
Two Kabbalistic Historical Approaches: Between Safed and Byzantium
Authors: Goldschmidt Roee Yaakov
Published: November 2021

Cosmological descriptions and interpretations of the process of creation in kabbalistic literature deeply influenced various conceptual issues, especially the definition of “history.” Sefer ha-Temuna, which first appeared in Byzantium over the course of the fourteenth century, presents a unique concept of history in which the entire world operates according to a precise and predetermined model: the Sabbatical theory (Torat ha-shemitot). Its approach, however, was criticized by the Safed kabbalists in the sixteenth century. This article attempts to explain why this idea continued to influence Eastern European kabbalists in later generations, despite the harsh opposition it encountered.
The Boundaries of Knowledge: The Unity of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik’s Jewish Philosophy in Light of His Doctoral Dissertation
Authors: Smilowitz Mark
Published: November 2021

Two philosophical positions adopted by Soloveitchik in his doctoral dissertation continued to inform his Jewish philosophical writings throughout his career. The first position, epistemological pluralism, stands behind Soloveitchik’s approach to the religious view of causality and repentance in his writings during the 1940s–1960s. It also grounds his consistent use of the dialectical method. The second position, the eternal mystery of the unknown, comes from the Marburg neo-Kantian Paul Natorp; this idea is a consistent thread throughout Soloveitchik’s writings and a foundation of his existentialist writings through the late 1970s. The conclusion suggests how these two positions might be related to one another.
Teaching Horse Riding: Is the Role of the Horse Recognized?
Authors: Blokhuis Mari Zetterqvist
Published: November 2021

This study investigated what methods professional trainers use in their teaching. Interviews with nine professional trainers in sports dressage were analyzed using a qualitative approach. The results showed that trainers had developed a “good eye” using their prior experiences. The trainers helped the riders solve their problems but did not make clear their observations or reasoning for specific instructions. Thus, trainers could further develop the riders’ own practical knowledge. The role of the horse was not made explicit in most cases, showing that recognition of the horse as a sentient and thinking individual is not built into the current teaching practice. Teaching methods would be improved if trainers encouraged riders to pay more attention to the perspective of the horse, to examine how to interpret and attend to the horse’s reactions, and to reflect on these issues in dialog with them.
Remarks on Mesopotamian Divine Epithets and Their Use in Incantations and Incantation-Prayers
Authors: Ceccarelli Manuel
Published: November 2021

Divine epithets are short nouns, adjectives, and participles which are in apposition to the actual name of a deity or which even replace it. Since incantations and incantation-prayers must be effective, they are enhanced by a variety of strategies. Divine epithets can be understood as strategies used to improve the effectiveness of ritual speeches. They evoke divine qualities that are relevant for a particular context and allow for a more effective interaction with the deities. Divine epithets may also refer to successful mythical deeds of the gods which provide positive analogies for the present situation and, therefore, guarantee the achievement of the supplicant’s request.
Thinking with Clay: Procreation and the Ceramic Paradigm in Israelite Religion
Authors: Sonia Kerry M.
Published: November 2021

The cross-cultural connection between ceramic production and the creation of humans in the ancient Near East offers a new lens through which to examine biblical discourse about procreation and subject formation. The physical properties of clay make it an effective discursive tool in ancient Near Eastern texts, including the Hebrew Bible, for conceptualizing the processes that form and shape the human. Adopting a materialist approach, this article argues that biblical writers are not simply thinking about clay in relation to procreation and subject formation, but are thinking with it – that the raw materials, technologies, and objects of ceramic production helped to generate the ideologies and ritual processes that shape the human from gestation to birth and into early childhood. Material culture from ancient Israel supports this assessment. The manufacture of Judean Pillar Figurines out of clay and their apparent association with childbirth and the nurture of young children further suggest the prevalence of the ceramic paradigm in ancient religious ideology and ritual.
The Hittite ‘Theogony’ or Song of Going Forth (CTH 344): Stratification of Mythical Traditions
Authors: Zgoll Christian
Published: November 2021

The present paper deals with the controversially discussed relationships between the gods Alalu, Anu, Kumarbi, and Tarḫunnaš in the Hittite Song of Going Forth (CTH 344). On the basis of a new philological analysis, of comparisons with theogonies or succession myths in other ancient cultures and on the background of considerations on the cross-cultural stratification of various mythical traditions in the surviving Hittite text, various proposals on the genealogical relationship of the deities in question are weighed against each other and reasons are presented for the plausibility of the proposed new translation and general reconstruction that the divine kingship always passes from father to son within a single genealogical line.
History at Sea
Authors: Bishara Fahad Ahmad
Published: November 2021

This article invites readers to rethink the work that routes can do in world history by braiding together the spatial and historical imaginaries of an itinerant community: the dhow captains (nakhodas) of Kuwait. Through a close reading of two genres of nakhoda writings, logbooks and nautical manuals, it explores the deliberate process by which they constructed their movement across the sea. It suggests that for dhows, travel across the Indian Ocean was a voyage through world history itself—a route along a recent and distant past, entangled with an imperial present. Through these materials historians can move towards a sense of space and time that foregrounds the imaginative processes that produce the Indian Ocean as an historical arena on the part of those who spent their lives traversing it.
Afrasian Aesthetics in M.G. Vassanji’s The Magic of Saida
Authors: Makokha J.K.S.
Published: November 2021

The Magic of Saida by M.G. Vassanji (2012) centres on the central figure of the novel’s story, Kamal. He is the son of an African mother and an Asian (read Indian) father, who grows up in Tanzania and then relocates to Canada where he becomes an established doctor. The novel tackles themes of African-Asian (read Afrasian) racial identity, belonging, and the effects of the past on the present. Kamal identifies mainly as an African when residing with his mother in Kilwa during his childhood; he is then urged to embrace an Indian identity when he is sent to live with his uncle in Dar es Salaam in his early adolescence. Decades after moving to Edmonton, Canada, Kamal decides to come back to Kilwa. This paper explores the tension and ambiguity in Kamal’s identity by analyzing the way he defines himself—or is defined—in Kilwa and Dar es Salaam, and then investigating, through an eclectic psychochriticism lens, how that in turn affects him as he ages and drives him to return in seach of what it means to be both an Asian and an African in the context of East African cultural landscapes.
The Making and Remaking of a National People’s Hero and Exemplar in Mongolia’s Socialist, Nationalist and Democratic Mobilisations
Authors: Enkhtur Munkh-Uchral
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the case of Ard Ayush [the commoner Ayush], a widely recognised national hero constructed in the socialist movement and an exemplar who survived the post-socialist rejection of socialist heroes and was reconstructed within the post-socialist democratic and nationalist movements. The paper’s title borrows the notion of a ‘national people’ from David Sneath and the notion of the ‘exemplar’ from Caroline Humphrey. Extending Sneath’s discussion of ard [commoner and/or people] and ard tümen [national people], this paper shows how the concept of ard that was constructed through the use of exemplars has become ard tümen. Then, extending Humphrey’s discussion of the moral influence of exemplars, this paper shows how some exemplars constructed during socialism helped the socialist government shape and govern a national people.
Transgressing National ‘Green Culture’ and the Moral Authority of Nature in ‘Age of the Market’ Mongolia
Authors: Turk Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

This article explores the concept of nature (baigal) and the natural world (baigal delkhii, baigal khangai) as cosmological ‘beyond’ (tsaana) that derives particular moral authority in contemporary Mongolia. Interlocutors detailed an agentive nature, able to punish and save, cause illness and restore health that has become increasingly fierce (dogshin) and distant from humans in recent years. This trend was narratively linked to increased disorderly and ‘uncultured’ actions that disrupt the balance between humans and the natural environment which Mongolians’ ‘nature culture’ (baigaliin soyol) notionally upholds. Although notions of natural and nomadic culture were transformed during the twentieth century from concepts associated with ‘backwardness’ to celebration of unique forms of heritage, culture’s fundamental tie to nature endured. As ideas of nature uphold social order and ‘stand in’ for order itself, baigal normatively governs, reacting to lack of moral guidance and state-led regulation today.
The Shugden-Controversy in Contemporary Mongolia
Authors: Batmunkh Mungunchimeg
Published: November 2021

Since the political upheavals in Mongolia in 1989, the traditional Tibetan-Mongolian protective deity Dorj-Shugden has been rediscovered. Today the Buddhist monasteries Delgeriin khiid, Amarbayasgalant Monastery and Tögsbayasgalant töv venerate him. This paper analyses the role of this deity with particular emphasis on Gungaachoilinig datsan in Gandandegchilin and the Amarbayasgalant Monastery in Mongolia, based on ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with monks from six monasteries and visitors of Amarbayasgalant conducted in 2016, 2019 and 2020. The paper also outlines the current state of research, including recent Mongolian literature. Finally, it presents findings about him sourced from social media. By exploring pro- and anti-Shugden religious practices, this article sheds some light on the Shugden controversy in contemporary Mongolian Buddhism.
ZooNom: an online thesaurus for alleviating ambiguity in the terminology of zoological nomenclature
Authors: SALIBA ELIE MARIO , VIGNES-LEBBE RÉGINE , DUBOIS ALAIN , OHLER ANNEMARIE
Published: November 2021

Zoological nomenclature is the discipline of taxonomy responsible for regulating the scientific names of animal species. It has its roots in Carolus Linnaeusʼ work and has been governed by an international Code since the turn of the 20th century. Its vocabulary, on the other hand, is not always clear. Various authors have established new terminology in order to reduce ambiguity. To make these new terms, but also the classical terms used by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, accessible, an electronic thesaurus (link: https://www.loterre.fr/skosmos/FM8/en/) was created, allowing to compare existing terminologies. This thesaurus is also a tool for reflection and discussion, targeting taxonomists and experts in nomenclature.
Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leaf-mining lepidopterans
Authors: XU JIASHENG , DAI XIAOHUA , RIMŠAITĖ JOLANTA , DIŠKUS ARŪNAS , STONIS JONAS R.
Published: November 2021

The article describes three new species of Coptotriche Walsingham, 1890 from China and adjacent northern Vietnam: C. camptotheca Xu & Dai, sp. nov. feeding on Camptotheca acuminata Decne. (Nyssaceae); C. turpinia Xu & Dai, sp. nov. feeding on Turpinia arguta (Lindl.) Seem. (Staphyleaceae); and C. asiana Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. The latter appeared to be a narrow oligophagous species feeding on various Symplocos Jacq.: S. sumuntia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, S. poilanei Guill., and Symplocos glauca (Thunb.) Koidz. (Symplocaceae). Nyssaceae and Staphyleaceae are novel host-plant families of Tischeriidae. The new species are illustrated with photographs of adults, male and female genitalia, and leaf mines. The article also briefly discusses about the proportion of monophagous and oligophagous species of Tischeriidae.
Two new species of Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from Wuyi Mountains of China
Authors: YANG YU-BEN , DU YU-ZHOU
Published: November 2021

Two new species of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province of southeastern China, Rhopalopsole wuyishanensis sp. nov. and Rhopalopsole trichotoma sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The new species are compared to the closely related species of the R. dentata group and the R. shaanxiensis group in this genus, respectively.
Revalidation, synonymies, and notes in American Callichromatini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae)
Authors: SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , SCHMID HERBERT
Published: November 2021

The unpublished formal synonymy of Callichroma chiriquina Bates, 1879, C. opiparum Bates, 1874, C. compressipes Casey, 1912, and C. regalis Casey, 1912 is commented. Schwarzerion carinatum Schmidt, 1924 is removed from the synonym of Callichroma holochlorum holochlorum Bates, 1872, and transferred to the synonymy of Callichroma euthalia Bates, 1879. The species group name “euthalium” is corrected. The type-localities of Schwarzerion carinatum are reported as Colombia and West Indies, and the institution where one of the syntypes is deposited is corrected. Callichroma collarti Fuchs, 1959 is revalidated, and Callichroma magnificum Napp & Martins, 2009 is considered its junior synonym. The status of the specimens of the type series of Callichroma collarti is commented. Additionally, the holotype of Callichroma opiparum Bates, 1874, and the lectotype of Callichroma chiriquina Bates, 1879 are illustrated for the first time.
Statistical Cluster Analysis of Global Aerosol Optical Depth for Simplified Atmospheric Modeling
Authors: Plymale Noah T. , Szekely Joshua E. , Rubinstein Anna H.
Published: November 2021

Atmospheric aerosols originating from natural and anthropogenic sources have important implications for modeling atmospheric phenomena, but aerosol conditions can change significantly and rapidly because of their dependence on local geography and atmospheric conditions. In this work, we applied a computational k-means clustering algorithm to a global set of data obtained from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), to yield a set of 25 clusters that discriminate on the basis of land type, elevation, and atmospheric conditions to predict statistical aerosol optical depth (AOD) information. We considered different subsets of MERRA-2 data, consisting of all the data averaged over a single year (2016) as well as data averaged by meteorological season over a span of five years (2012–16), arriving at five separate sets of 25 clusters. We make the clustered AOD information available with decision trees, qualitative cluster descriptions, and color-coded cluster maps to assist in identifying which cluster to use in retrieving AOD information. The results of this analysis have applications in atmospheric modeling where knowledge of approximate or typical aerosol conditions is needed in lookup-table form without requiring access to large atmospheric databases or computationally intensive aerosol models; such applications could include quick-turnaround or large-volume analyses of atmospheric conditions required to inform decision-making that affects national security, such as in modeling remote sensing and estimating upper and lower bounds for visible and infrared photon transport.
On the Tropospheric Response to Transient Stratospheric Momentum Torques
Authors: White Ian P. , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Hitchcock Peter
Published: November 2021

An idealized model is used to examine the tropospheric response to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), by imposing transient stratospheric momentum torques tailored to mimic the wave-forcing impulse associated with spontaneously occurring SSWs. Such an approach enables us to examine both the ∼2–3-week forcing stage of an SSW during which there is anomalous stratospheric wave-activity convergence, as well as the recovery stage during which the wave forcing abates and the stratosphere radiatively recovers over 2–3 months. It is argued that applying a torque is better suited than a heating perturbation for examining the response to SSWs, due to the meridional circulation that is induced to maintain thermal-wind balance (i.e., the “Eliassen adjustment”); an easterly torque yields downwelling at high latitudes and equatorward flow below, similar to the wave-induced circulation that occurs during spontaneously occurring SSWs, whereas a heating perturbation yields qualitatively opposite behavior and thus cannot capture the initial SSW evolution. During the forcing stage, the meridional circulation in response to an impulse comparable to the model’s internal variability is able to penetrate down to the surface and drive easterly-wind anomalies via Coriolis torques acting on the anomalous equatorward flow. During the recovery stage, after which the tropospheric flow has already responded, the meridional circulation associated with the stratosphere’s radiative recovery appears to provide the persistent stratospheric forcing that drives the high-latitude easterly anomalies, whereas planetary waves are found to play a smaller role. This is then augmented by synoptic-wave feedbacks that drive and amplify the annular-mode response.
The Role of Continental Topography in the Present-Day Ocean’s Mean Climate
Authors: Stouffer R. J. , Russell J. L. , Beadling R. L. , Broccoli A. J. , Krasting J. P. , Malyshev S. , Naiman Z.
Published: November 2021

Climate models of varying complexity have been used for decades to investigate the impact of mountains on the atmosphere and surface climate. Here, the impact of removing the continental topography on the present-day ocean climate is investigated using three different climate models spanning multiple generations. An idealized study is performed where all present-day land surface topography is removed and the equilibrium change in the oceanic mean state with and without the mountains is studied. When the mountains are removed, changes found in all three models include a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and associated SST cooling in the subpolar North Atlantic. The SSTs also warm in all the models in the western North Pacific Ocean associated with a northward shift of the atmospheric jet and the Kuroshio. In the ocean interior, the magnitude of the temperature and salinity response to removing the mountains is relatively small and the sign and magnitude of the changes generally vary among the models. These different interior ocean responses are likely related to differences in the mean state of the control integrations due to differences in resolution and associated subgrid-scale mixing parameterizations. Compared to the results from 4xCO2 simulations, the interior ocean temperature changes caused by mountain removal are relatively small; however, the oceanic circulation response and Northern Hemisphere near-surface temperature changes are of a similar magnitude to the response to such radiative forcing changes.
Snow Depth Trends from CMIP6 Models Conflict with Observational Evidence
Authors: Zhong Xinyue , Zhang Tingjun , Kang Shichang , Wang Jian
Published: November 2021

In this study, we compiled a high-quality, in situ observational dataset to evaluate snow depth simulations from 22 CMIP6 models across high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere over the period 1955–2014. Simulated snow depths have low accuracy (RMSE = 17–36 cm) and are biased high, exceeding the observed baseline (1976–2005) on average (18 ± 16 cm) across the study area. Spatial climatological patterns based on observations are modestly reproduced by the models (normalized root-mean-square deviations of 0.77 ± 0.20). Observed snow depth during the cold season increased by about 2.0 cm over the study period, which is approximately 11% relative to the baseline. The models reproduce decreasing snow depth trends that contradict the observations, but they all indicate a precipitation increase during the cold season. The modeled snow depths are insensitive to precipitation but too sensitive to air temperature; these inaccurate sensitivities could explain the discrepancies between the observed and simulated snow depth trends. Based on our findings, we recommend caution when using and interpreting simulated changes in snow depth and associated impacts.
A Multidecadal Analysis of Reservoir Storage Change in Developing Regions
Authors: Kumar Biswas Nishan , Hossain Faisal
Published: November 2021

The limited amount of shared reservoir monitoring data around the world is insufficient to quantify the dynamic nature of reservoir operation with conventional ground-based methods. With the emergence of the Reservoir Assessment Tool (RAT) driven by a multitude of Earth-observing satellites and models, historical observation of reservoir operation spanning 35 years was made using open-source techniques. Trends in reservoir storage change were compared with trends of four critical hydrologic variables (precipitation, runoff, evaporation, and Palmer drought severity index) to understand the potential role of natural drivers in altering reservoir operating pattern. It was found that the reservoirs in Africa were losing active storage at a rate of more than 1% per year of total storage capacity. Smaller reservoirs (with a capacity of less than 0.5 km3) in Southeast Asia were found to experience a sharp gain in storage of 0.5%–1% per year of total storage capacity. Storage change trends of large reservoirs with multiple years of residence time that are designed for strategic water supply needs and drought control were found to be less affected by precipitation trends and influenced more by drought and evaporation trends. Over Africa, most reservoir storage change trends were dictated by evaporation trends, while South Asian reservoirs appear to have their storage change influenced by drought and evaporation trends. Finally, findings suggest that operation of newer reservoirs is more sensitive to long-term hydrological trends and the regulated surface water variability that is controlled by older dams in the upstream.
Mesoscale, Tidal, and Seasonal/Interannual Drivers of the Weddell Sea Overturning Circulation
Authors: Stewart Andrew L.
Published: November 2021

The Weddell Sea supplies 40%–50% of the Antarctic Bottom Water that fills the global ocean abyss, and therefore exerts significant influence over global circulation and climate. Previous studies have identified a range of different processes that may contribute to dense shelf water (DSW) formation and export on the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf. However, the relative importance of these processes has not been quantified, which hampers prioritization of observational deployments and development of model parameterizations in this region. In this study a high-resolution (1/12°) regional model of the southern Weddell Sea is used to quantify the overturning circulation and decompose it into contributions due to multiannual mean flows, seasonal/interannual variability, tides, and other submonthly variability. It is shown that tides primarily influence the overturning by changing the melt rate of the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS). The resulting ∼0.2 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) decrease in DSW transport is comparable to the magnitude of the overturning in the FRIS cavity, but small compared to DSW export across the continental shelf break. Seasonal/interannual fluctuations exert a modest influence on the overturning circulation due to the relatively short (8-yr) analysis period. Analysis of the transient energy budget indicates that the nontidal, submonthly variability is primarily baroclinically generated eddies associated with dense overflows. These eddies play a comparable role to the mean flow in exporting dense shelf waters across the continental shelf break, and account for 100% of the transfer of heat onto the continental shelf. The eddy component of the overturning is sensitive to model resolution, decreasing by a factor of ∼2 as the horizontal grid spacing is refined from 1/3° to 1/12°.
Bullying Victimization Among Ukrainian College Students: The Role of Family Communication and Satisfaction, Corporal Punishment and Child Abuse
Authors: Burlaka Viktor , Hong Jun Sung , Roberts Andrea , Graham-Bermann Sandra A. , Serdiuk Oleksii , Churakova Iuliia
Published: November 2021

Bullying involves aggression that is proactive, intentional, and repeated in a relationship with unequal power. We assessed the association of recent bullying victimization with family processes during childhood using standardized measures in a sample of 1008 young adults attending 10 Ukrainian universities in Ukraine. Structural equation modeling was utilized to examine the associations between family communication and satisfaction, childhood corporal punishment and abuse, and adulthood bullying victimization. The majority of participants had been bullied by a peer or teacher (62.38%) and had a history of corporal punishment (63.46%). There were direct effects of child abuse and corporal punishment and family communication style on bullying victimization during young adulthood. The extent of satisfaction with students’ families of origin showed indirect effects. The results highlight the present needs of many students, as well as the risk factors associated with bullying victimization during their post-secondary education years.
Does personalised nutrition advice based on apolipoprotein E and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype affect dietary behaviour?
Authors: King Alexandra , Saifi Shaghayegh , Smith Jenna , Pilic Leta , Graham Catherine A-M , Da Silva Anastacio Viviane , Glaister Mark , Mavrommatis Yiannis
Published: November 2021

Background: Dietary intake is linked to numerous modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Current dietary recommendations in the UK to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease are not being met. A genotype-based personalised approach to dietary recommendations may motivate individuals to make positive changes in their dietary behaviour. Aim: To determine the effect of a personalised nutrition intervention, based on apolipoprotein E ( ApoE, rs7412; rs429358) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR, rs1801133) genotype, on reported dietary intake of saturated fat and folate in participants informed of a risk genotype compared to those informed of non-risk genotype. Methods: Baseline data ( n = 99) were collected to determine genotype (non-risk vs risk), dietary intake and cardiovascular risk (Q-Risk®2 cardiovascular risk calculator). Participants were provided with personalised nutrition advice via email based on their ApoE and MTHFR genotype and reported intake of folate and saturated fat. After 10 days, dietary intake data were reported for a second time. Results: Personalised nutrition advice led to favourable dietary changes, irrespective of genotype, in participants who were not meeting dietary recommendations at baseline for saturated fat ( p < 0.001) and folate ( p = 0.002). Only participants who were informed of a risk ApoE genotype met saturated fat recommendations following personalised nutrition advice. Conclusion: Incorporation of genotype-based personalised nutrition advice in a diet behaviour intervention may elicit favourable changes in dietary behaviour in participants informed of a risk genotype. Participants informed of a non-risk genotype also respond to personalised nutrition advice favourably but to a lesser extent.