bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Main causes of complicated COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Halushko O.A. , Loskutov O.A. , Trishchynska M.A. , Kuchynska I.A. , Boliuk M.V.
Published: August 2021

Background. Since December 2019, the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been marching confidently and aggressively across the planet. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Among the risk factors for the development and severe course of COVID-19, there are old age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, recently, based on the epidemiological data obtained, diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a risk factor for infection with SARS-CoV-2, but the presence of concomitant diabetes is associated with a more severe course of COVID-19 and deterioration in treatment outcomes. What is the reason for the complicated course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus? The need to answer this question led to the conduction of this study. The purpose was to determine the causes of complicated course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. We searched for publications using the search engines PubMed and Google Scholar by keywords: COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, complications. Results. The review of the scientific literature considers the main causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19 complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Groups of factors that worsen the course of the diseases have been identified, and it has been proven that current treatment of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus should take into account all available risk factors and include a multidisciplinary team approach involving specialists in emergency medicine, endocrinology, infectious diseases, respiratory support, nutritional science and rehabilitation. Conclusions. The main causes that worsen the course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus are: 1) features of diabetes itself and the interaction of diabetes and COVID-19; 2) the impact of certain drugs used in the treatment of both diseases; 3) shortcomings in the organization of treatment and care of patients. The main factor that is crucial in the management of these patients is the normalization of blood glucose levels and carbohydrate balance, which must be achieved by all possible means.
Modern approaches to ensure hand hygiene of medical staff in a measure complex for prevention of nosocomial infections in health facilities
Authors: Khandoga E.V. , Kochin I.V. , Terekhov R.L. , Ostapenko A.A. , Tsarjov V.V.
Published: August 2021

Hand hygiene of medical staff plays a significant role in the prevention of nosocomial infections in healthcare facilities. Therefore, there is a need to identify approaches to facilitate proper adherence to hand hygiene. The study aims to substantiate the need for hand hygiene of medical staff, to explore modern methods for evaluating the effectiveness of hand hygiene supplies and problems associated with the use of these supplies along with their solutions. The authors have carried out the general and targeted analysis and expert evaluation of research results regarding measures for the prevention of nosocomial infections in health facilities. Analytical study of a large number of sources (over 50) on modern approaches to ensure hand hygiene of medical staff has been conducted with Content analysis and Open Source Intelligence methods. As a result of the study, authors have identified the need for further development of strategies to facilitate hand hygiene in health facilities and for the improvement of existing educational and motivational programs dedicated to hand hygiene of medical staff. Factors that may affect the effectiveness of antiseptics usage have been highlighted. The authors emphasize adverse reactions associated with the use of hand hygiene supplies (contact dermatitis and contact allergy) and the need for the development of measures to reduce risks of these adverse reactions among medical staff.
Correction of redox metabolism and the relationship of markers of systemic chronic inflammation with a measure of overall survival in cancer patients with multiorgan resections
Authors: Shulga Ye.V.
Published: August 2021

Background. According to the literature, multiorgan resections are carried out with the most radical removal of healthy tissue. Therefore, there is a need for the most favorable preparation of the patient with perioperative therapy to reduce further complications with obtaining improved clinical and pathological prognostic indicators to increase the overall survival. Purpose: correction of redox metabolism based on the data of the oxidative modification of proteins, degree of their catabolic reaction, and data on the enzymatic state and lipid peroxidation in cancer patients with multiorgan resections on the gastrointestinal tract under conditions of perioperative intensive care. Materials and methods. The study involved 117 cancer patients aged 67.6 ± 3.7 years with locally advanced tumor processes of the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have been conducted on the enzymatic state, lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins, both in terms of the degree of fragmentation of their products in spontaneous and iron-induced reactions, and the level of medium-weight protein molecules. Serum levels of circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and -8 were determined. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. The study of patients has shown an improvement in the indicators of oxidative modification of proteins and lipid peroxidation. Survival in cancer patients with multiorgan resections demonstrated dependence on the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and -8 in the blood serum. Conclusions. Conducting perioperative intensive care makes it possible to reliably restore indicators of the enzymatic state, lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein modification products (on the fourth day and second week, p < 0.05). This gives us grounds for recommending the determination of these parameters in the group of cancer patients and the implementation of metabolic intensive care. In the group of L-ornithine L-aspartate and quercetin combination with povidone, the lowest indicators of systemic chronic inflammation and the best overall survival were found.
Heart geometry in climacteric syndrome on the background of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Goncharova O.A.
Published: August 2021

Background. The climacteric period in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) initiates an additional damaging effect on the existing cardinal pathology associated with DM. The purpose was to establish the features of geometric remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart in women with DM1 during the climacteric period. Materials and methods. The study involved 60 women with type 1 diabetes at the age of 48.74 ± 0.65 years, including 41 perimenopausal and 19 postmenopausal ones. The control group consisted of 20 women without diabetes mellitus at the age of 50.02 ± 0.71 years. According to echocardiography, taking into account the stage of menopause, the indicators of the end-diastolic volume (EDV) and size (EDS), the posterior wall thickness of the LV (LVPWT) and the interventricular septum (IVST) were analyzed. The frequency of various types of geometric remodeling of the left ventricle of the heart was analyzed using the Penn Convention formula; for this, the LV myocardial mass index (LVMI) was calculated according to the formulas LVMI=1.04 [(EDS + LVPWT + IVST)3– EDS3]– 13.6 (LVMI=ratio LVMI to the plane of the body surface (A) in m2; AM2=1 + Weight + Δh / 100, where Δh is the difference between the height of a woman and 160 cm) and the relative wall thickness of the LV (LVRWT) LVRWT=2LVPWT / EDS. Based on these data, the frequency of various types of geometric remodeling was established: normal geometry, concentric remodeling, concentric or eccentric LV hypertrophy. Results. The data obtained indicate that postmenopausal women present a significant decrease in the frequency of normal heart geometry compared to perimenopausal women (26.4 versus 75.6%, p<0.001) and the frequency of concentric LV remodeling 3.5 times increases (26.3 versus 7.3%, respectively). Concentric hypertrophy and eccentric LV hypertrophy prevailed 2.5 times in postmenopausal women (31.6 versus 12.1% and 12.7 versus 4.9%). Conclusions. In perimenopausal women with type 1 diabetes mellitus, in almost a quarter of cases, geometric remodeling of the left ventricle of the heart takes place. In postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency, the frequency of pathological forms of heart geometry exceeds 75%. The strategy of therapy for cardiac pathology in menopausal women against the background of DM1 should take into account the pathogenetic mechanisms of pathology associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism and atherogenic measurements against the background of estrogen deficiency as well as limit polypharmacy.
The role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and post-operative histology in the evaluation of thyroid nodules
Authors: Xhardo E. , Xhemalaj D. , Agaçi F. , Kapisyzi P.
Published: August 2021

Thyroid nodules present a serious problem, and mostly they do not carry neoplastic characteristics. Thus, they do not need to be surgically treated. The risk of malignancy varies from 5 to 15 %. Steps to diagnose malignancy should include a careful clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, a thyroid ultrasound exam and a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the most important diagnostic tool in the assessment of thyroid nodules. Today it is considered the gold standard for malignancy diagnosis in thyroid cancer. In this review we evaluate the role of FNAB and post-operative cytology in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. FNA results are classified as diagnostic (satisfactory) or nondiagnostic (unsatisfactory). Unsatisfactory smears (5–10 %) result from hypocellular specimens usually caused by cystic fluid, bloody smears, or suboptimal preparation. Diagnostic smears are conventionally subclassified into benign, indeterminate, or malignant categories. Benign cytology (60–70 %) is negative for malignancy, and includes cysts, colloid nodule, or Hashimoto thyroiditis. Malignant cytology (5 %) is almost always positive for malignancy, and includes primary thyroid tumors or nonthyroid metastatic cancers. Indeterminate or suspicious specimens (10–20 %) include atypical changes, Hurthle cells or follicular neoplasms. The new Bethesda Cytologic Classification has a 6-category classification, subdividing indeterminate further by risk factors. Considering the increasing worldwide incidence of thyroid microadenomas, recently it is recommended to undergo FNAB under ultrasound guidance even in small (< 1cm) nodules if they are correlated with suspicious ultrasonographic features or suspicious neck lymph nodes. FNAB is a cheap and reliable diagnostic tool that can be used in the selection candidates for surgery and pre-operative diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas. It was concluded that FNAB is the gold standard in the evaluation of thyroid nodules and can prevent many unnecessary surgeries. False-negative FNA cytology remains a concern for clinicians treating patients with thyroid nodules. Post-operative histology give the definitive diagnosis and studies confirm that it has a significant discordance between pre-operative cytology and post-operative histology in patients with thyroid nodule. Cytopathologists should strengthen their criteria for the identification of adenomatous hyperplasia, thyroiditis, cystic lesions or suspicious thyroid nodules to avoid misdiagnoses.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in men: classical form. Clinical case
Authors: Liashuk P.M. , Stankova N.I. , Liashuk R.P.
Published: August 2021

Recently, in the foreign scientific literature there have been reports that boys and young men with the classic virile form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia or congenital dysfunction of the adrenal cortex as a result of inadequate glucocorticoid therapy in 21–28% of cases have testicular adrenal rest tumors, which increases under the influence of excessive production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This benign formation up to 2 cm in diameter and larger is detected by palpation and ultrasound. The formations can press on the testicular tissue and lead to hypogonadism. Such individuals may have low testosterone levels due to decreased Leydig cell function. Testicular adrenal rest tumors usually decrease after treatment optimization. Unreasonable surgery is sometimes performed in suspected cancer. A clinical case is presented of the classic form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, manifested itself in isosexual precocious puberty, cryptorchidism and testicular adrenal rest tumors rare, increased under the influence of excessive ACTH production as a result of inadequate glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Formations detected during ultrasound decrease when treatment is optimized. Observation of the patient in the dynamics showed that ones of the main diagnostic hormonal tests are blood levels of ACTH and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, which at the time of disease detection were excessively high. Continuous glucocorticoid replacement therapy maintains the level of these indicators within the reference values. Timely diagnosis of the nature of the pathology, constant corrective hormone therapy ensured the patient’s ability to adapt to life and society in accordance with his status. Clinical manifestations of hypocorticism and/or hyperandrogenism in the parents of our patient were not detected, which indicates autosomal recessive inheritance of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In the future, it is important to provide genetic counseling to expectant parents, especially with manifestations of hyperandrogenism, to assess the possible development of such pathology in their offspring.
Experience of world academic science as a landmark of medical science development in Ukraine
Authors: Medvedovska N.V. , Shekera O.G. , Nagorna A.M. , Anisimov Ye.M.
Published: August 2021

Background. The previous millennium was marked by the rapid development of scientific and technological progress, the widespread implementation of the results of scientific research. The purpose of our work was a retrospective study of global approaches and historical preconditions for the formation of academic science in different countries, the experience of effective organization of scientific research to develop proposals for its improvement, taking into account the peculiarities of medical academic science in Ukraine. Materials and methods. In the course of the research the methods of semantic analysis of scientific documents, methods of structural-logical analysis, content analysis were used. Results. Historical and modern aspects of academic science formation in different countries of the world were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the peculiarities of the development of medical academic science with the assessment of the most effective systems of its organization. In Ukraine, national interests require immediate and effective measures aimed at preserving and effectively using existing scientific potential. Specific mechanisms for ensuring proper scientific substantiation of the formation and implementation of state policy in all spheres of public life need to be identified. Conclusions. Improving the system of organization of medical academic science in Ukraine should take into account the results of the emergence and development of academic science, both in Ukraine and in developed countries. The results of the study of international experience testified to the historical expediency and effectiveness of the development of academic medical science. Funding for medical science, which has become a cornerstone of transformation, must be differentiated, this is the mixed model is the most common in the world-basic funding using public funds with the possibility of grant support on a competitive basis. Such a mechanism for the efficient use of public resources will create conditions for stimulating priority and innovative research.
The results of teachers' awareness about visual impairment prevention among school-age children study
Authors: Medvedovska N.V. , Shekera O.G. , Denisyuk L.І. , Anisimov Ye.M. , Yanovskaya N.M.
Published: August 2021

Background. According to the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the number of children with ophthalmic diseases has increased significantly over the last decade. The purpose of the study was to determine the awareness of teachers of secondary schools (schools, lyceums) on the problem of visual impairment among schoolchildren with the identification of their willingness to participate in preventive measures. Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the results of a sociological survey of teachers of schools and lyceums in Ukraine (a total of 6215 questionnaires were subject to analysis). We used the method of sociological research and methods of medical statistics, in particular to calculate the representativeness and reliability of the survey results. The study complied with modern European requirements for anonymity; each of the respondents was involved in the survey only after prior oral voluntary consent. The results revealed a lack of awareness of teachers in the prevention of visual impairment among schoolchildren, their willingness to participate in prevention activities and the high need for information support for modern prevention technologies. The majority of respondents supported the need to introduce regular vision testing in childhood, including in the framework of the relevant state prevention program. Conclusions. The majority of teachers (99.40 ± 0.10 %) supporting the expediency of introducing regular vision testing in children, (97.38 ± 0.20 %) support the introduction of a state prevention program to preserve vision from childhood. Based on the results of the study, promising for further research is the study of the possibility of involving teachers in preventive measures and participation in comprehensive programs for the prevention of ophthalmic pathology among students. It is also important to find effective ways of information support for educators on modern prevention technologies, risk factors for the formation of visual impairments in schoolchildren in order to prevent the formation of stigma against children with visual impairments and disorders in their environment.
Neutropenia and management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ponomariova O.V. , Petelskyi P.V. , Kasianenko A.S. , Horbatiuk T.A. , Nosko M.M. , Banakhevych N.V. , Kliusov A.N. , Kondratenko A.V. , Kapinos A.V.
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the management of patients with cancer. Due to the quarantine restrictions imposed to some extent around the world, it was necessary to modify treatment regimens by reducing the number of sessions of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, as well as by postponing surgery. The volume of cancer screening has also been reduced. All this, from our point of view, in the long run may not have a very positive effect on the course of treatment and prognosis of cancer. Therefore, doctors today are constantly faced with the task of maintaining the effectiveness of treatment of malignant neoplasms, on the one hand, and reducing the risk of coronavirus — on the other, because, according to many sources, cancer patients are at risk of adverse COVID-19 course. This is especially true for patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. In this article we wanted to demonstrate the latest approaches to the management of cancer patients in this difficult period. We also considered the options for wider use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors to prevent neutropenia in the COVID-19 era. It is still controversy about this in the medical scientific community. Unfortunately, the data available today are not enough to make unambiguous statements about a particular patient management, but by analyzing the large number of publications made during the pandemic year, as well as updated National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, we were able to answer most of the questions that interest us.
Взаємозв’язок патології серцево-судинної системи і захворювань тканин пародонта
Authors: Slobodyanik M.V. , Mazur I.P.
Published: August 2021

У статті наведений сучасний погляд на етіологічний і патогенетичний взаємозв’язок між станом пародонтопатогенної мікрофлори ротової порожнини у хворих на генералізований пародонтит і розвитком серцево-судинних захворювань. Подані дані літератури та власних досліджень про прямий вплив пародонтопатогенів на етіологію захворювань серця в результаті виникнення транзиторної бактеріємії. Наведено патогенетичний взаємозв’язок і вплив інфекційно-запальних захворювань у порожнині рота шляхом стимулювання продукції прозапальних цитокінів у тканинах пародонта і С-реактивного білка організмом на розвиток серцево-судинних захворювань.
Міжпрофесійна взаємодія для досягнення оптимального здоров’я порожнини рота
Authors: Suprunovych I.M.
Published: August 2021

Нестримний прогрес у сфері медичної науки, розвиток інноваційних технологій обумовлюють необхідність безперервного професійного розвитку не лише лікарів-стоматологів, а й спеціалістів загальної практики. Асоціація стоматологів України разом з провідними лікарями загальних спеціальностей провела вже III Український конгрес, спрямований на вдосконалення професійної компетентності лікарів.
Високоспеціалізована стоматологічна допомога в Україні в умовах трансформації системи охорони здоров’я
Authors: Malanchuk V.O. , Mazur I.P. , Rybachuk A.V.
Published: August 2021

Поетапна трансформація системи охорони здоров’я з 1 квітня 2020 року торкнулася реформування вторинної (спеціалізованої) медичної допомоги. Планування моделі трансформації лікарняної мережі має враховувати потреби населення та забезпечити створення багатопрофільної лікарні з фокусом на пацієнта. У статті проведений аналіз кадрового потенціалу та інфраструктури медичних закладів, що надають стоматологічну допомогу, у тому числі й у багатопрофільних лікарнях. Також визначені основні аспекти, які необхідно врахувати при плануванні трансформації лікарняної мережі, з урахуванням міжпрофесійної взаємодії стоматологів, щелепно-лицевих хірургів із лікарями загальної практики для підвищення якості надання медичної допомоги.
NEWLY-GRADUATED MEDICAL DOCTORS AS NEAR-PEER TUTORS FOR PREPARING NATIONAL LICENSING EXAMINATION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Utomo Prattama Santoso , Farmawati Arta , Degnan James , Hidayah Rachmadya Nur , Riskiyana Rilani , Rahayu Gandes Retno
Published: August 2021

Background: Medical students in Indonesia are required to pass a national licensing examination (e.g., UKMPPD) as a requirement of graduation and to obtain their certificate of competence. Medical schools prepared their students based on their needs and capacity. The preparation might use different teaching approaches. Undergraduate medicine program in Universitas Gadjah Mada conducts a national licensing examination preparation program facilitated by both faculty members and peer tutors. The peer tutors are newly graduated medical doctors who were recruited and trained. The use of trained peer tutors in a structured program to prepare high-stake examination such as a national examination is considered novel. This paper aims to describe a peer-assisted learning (PAL) approach used to prepare medical students in facing a national licensing examination.Case Discussion: A preparation program using faculty and peer tutors was deployed to prepare final-year medical students for facing the Indonesian national licensing examination. The ratio of sessions facilitated by faculty to peer tutors was 1:2. The preparation included CBT and OSCE training. Sessions with faculty used a medium to large class approach while sessions with peer tutors used a small to medium group approach. Through February 2020, 147 students have participated in the program. A questionnaire was developed to measure agreement that the program was successful and if the tutees were satisfied with various aspects of the program. The tutees responded with high rates of satisfaction to most items on the questionnaire  (responses for all but one item ranged between 72.1% and 90.5% in favorable agreement or satisfaction). The one exception was CBT preparation where the level of satisfaction was lower (54.4% rated CBT favorably). Participants highly valued the involvement and the performance of peer tutors.Conclusion: The use of near-peer assisted learning for national licensing examination preparation has strong potential. Further study is required to investigate the impact of the peer-assisted national licensing examination preparation program on students’ achievement and clinical practice.
Sources of Inspiration in the Early Life of Leonardo da Vinci
Authors: Tyler, Ph.D., D.Sc. Christopher W.
Published: August 2021

Although the early life of Leonardo da Vinci in Florence seems singularly unproductive, particularly considering the acknowledged breadth of his genius, an inferential examination of his early work reveals an interesting scope of likely activities. A self-referential element is his only signed and dated work, a landscape drawing, which is identified as a likely commemoration of the date of his conception in Vinci, a unique concept in art historical analysis. To develop a fuller picture of his accomplishments in this early period requires an interconnected series of analyses and reappraisals, including an interpretation of the otherwise puzzling set of young men in red caps painted by Botticelli as the incipiently famous group of artists that trained in Verrocchio’s bottega. These analyses fill out the picture of Leonardo’s formative years in the hillsides and towns around Vinci, as not only a precocious artist based on exposure to works by famous artists before leaving Vinci, but as a handsome studio model, an extempore musician, a leading member of the redcap band of remarkable apprentices in Medici Florence, an engineering assistant to his master Verrocchio, and a collaborative associate of the pioneering group of Florentine perspectivists including Uccello and Toscanelli in their later years.
Hand Contamination among Food Handlers: A Study on the Assessment of Food Handlers in Canteen of Various Hospitals in Solapur City, Maharashtra
Authors: Sharma Anu , Gangopadhyay Subarnolata , Agarwal Jugal Kishor , Kumar Amit , Ingole K.V.
Published: August 2021

Food handlers often act as an important vehicle for the transmission of microorganisms responsible for causing foodborne illness, which pose as a major public health problem of global concern. Poor hygiene while preparation of food is a major source of illness caused by pathogenic microbes. This study was done for a period of 2 months after approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. The study population included food handlers working in canteens of various hospitals in Solapur. Swabs from hands, nose and fingernail specimens were collected and inoculated on bacteriological culture media and identification was done using standard protocols. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire to evaluate the socio-demographic status and self-hygiene practices followed by the food handlers. Data were analyzed using an appropriate statistical test. All the people involved in food handling including the cook, server and cleaner were included after a written informed consent. The sample size was 45 food handlers. From the 45 food handlers which were included in the study there were 20 cooks (44.44%), 14 servers (31.11%) and 11 cleaners (24.45%) Out of these 45 food handlers 22 (49% ) were males and 23 (51%) were females. Knowledge about basic health education was seen in 73.33% of the subjects, while only 18% were sensitized to hand washing, 22.22% had annual health examination, 35.5% wore finger ornaments. Of 45 food handlers 69% had trimmed fingernails, 73.3% washed their hands regularly. However, no association was found between these factors and hand contamination. This may be because none of the food handlers used soap or hand sanitizer to clean their hands. They used plain water to wash their hands. Food handlers act as an important source in transmission of foodborne illnesses therefore it is necessary to sensitize and create awareness amongst them about the importance of hand hygiene.
Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Aspergillus niger as Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Mekky Alsayed E. , Farrag Ayman A. , Hmed Ahmed A. , Sofy Ahmed R.
Published: August 2021

In the current study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) were prepared using extracellular extracts of Aspergillus niger. Hence, the morphological structure, optical, and surface features of the synthesized nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible and infrared absorption by Fourier transform. Use dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements to assess colloidal stability. The mean size of the synthetic particles is approximately 20 ± 5 nm and they have a hexagonal crystal structure. In addition, the prepared nanoparticles have strong light absorption in the ultraviolet region of λ = 265 and 370 nm. To achieve the goal of this study, the efficiency of ZnO-NP was determined as an antibacterial and antifungal against different bacterial and fungal strains. It was found that ZnO-NP showed significant antibacterial activity, where the inhibition zones were varied from 21 to 35mm in diameter against six bacterial species (i.e. K. pneumoniae, E. coli, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. haemolyticus). In such a case, the minimal inhibitory concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacterial strains were 50, 12.5, 12.5, 50, 12.5, and 12.5μg/ml for K. pneumoniae, E. coli, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. haemolyticus, respectively. Furthermore, ZnO-NP exhibits an antifungal behaviour against four fungal species (i.e., A. niger, P. marneffei, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis) with inhibition zone from 18 to 35mm in diameter. Whereas, the MICs for fungal isolates were 12.5μg/ml except A. niger was at 25μg/ml. Wi-38 cells were treated with ZnO-NPs exhibited different levels of cytotoxicity dependent upon the concentration of ZnO NPs using the MTT assay with IC50~800.42. Therefore, the present study introduces a facile and cost-effective extracellular green-synthesis of ZnO-NP to be used as antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
Electrification in Rural India by Renewable Energy
Authors: Sawant Prasad M.
Published: August 2021

Faced with growing concerns about global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels, the international community has turned its attention to renewable energy research in the past two decades. In India and many other countries, electricity in rural areas is unreliable, inadequate, or without electricity. Remote area electrification is a major concern for the government of any developing nation. In the new microgrid model, renewable energy could be a profitable various to suburbanized power generation. Unlike households, non-agricultural enterprises that have not received due attention and political support have relatively high acceptance of Microgrid. The government has implemented various plans to realize the electrification of these areas by expanding the network, but so far, many areas have not been included in the proposed plan due to economic, environmental, and geographic reasons. In this article, we analyse the implementation and use of Microgrid in rural communities in villages that are powered by the grid. However, the current low electricity demand of non-agricultural enterprises in rural areas indicates that the increase in electricity demand and the increase in enterprise productivity require additional services and infrastructure
Classification of Retinal Image for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kumar Piyush
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is a disease which cause of blindness due to diabetes. For this reason, it is very important to detect diabetic retinopathy in early stages. A deep learning-based approach is used for the early detection of diabetic retinopathy from retinal images. The proposed approach consists of two steps. In the first stage, pre treatments were performed to remove retinal images from different data sets and standardize them to size. In the second stage, classification is done by the help of Convolutional Neural Network using deep learning algorithm and 98.5% success is achieved. The difference of this technique from similar studies is that instead of creating the feature set manually as in traditional methods, the deep learning network automatically constructs and trained by using CPU and GPU in a very short time. Keywords: CNN, Early detection, Artificial intelligence, Deep learning, Machine-learning, Fundus Image, Optical coherence tomography, Ophthalmology.
Web Based College Chatbot - SDABot
Authors: Awasthi Suyash
Published: August 2021

Previously, before the existence of chatbots and websites, for eliciting information like syllabus, fees related details, assessment or exam schedule, or tasks like fees payment, students had to be physically present at the respective place in college. This is a time consuming process. With technological advancement, necessary information is available on the college’s website. However, the process of acquiring information from the website turns out to be tedious when the end user is not able to find the information and therefore leaves the website. To do away with such problems chatbot can be developed to help visitors have a more human-like conversational experience thus easing access for users to required information. The SDA bot can be deployed on the web and integrated with the college’s website. To resolve their queries any end user can use this chatbot to acquire information related to college or student related information. This project is specifically designed to solve end users’ queries and give instant responses to them.
Novel Approach to Disinfect the Surface Using Disinfecting Robot
Authors: Kulkarni Dr. R. N
Published: August 2021

In olden days people used cow-dung to neutralize virus and germs. In subsequent days people started to clean their house and surroundings using phenol, mercury, sodium hypochlorite etc. People wish to clean the entire surface by hand only, sophisticated tools were not available to clean the surface. At times people might get some kind of allergic reactions due to direct exposure of chemical compounds. During the last decade, the process of sanitization is totally changed where people are disinfecting and sanitizing the entire house or parts of the house using technologically advanced devices implementing the UV-Rays. In this paper we have proposed an automated tool which sanitizes the defined area in a house, office, cabin or commercial places using UV Rays. In this proposed technique we are not using any water or liquid components to sanitize the floor, surface of table, electronic equipment but our proposal is to sanitize using UV Rays, Bluetooth approach and automated control.
Sleep Quality and Job Performance in Working Individuals
Authors: Sachdeva Anumeet
Published: August 2021

In today’s technologically advanced world, everyone is striving for achievement in the workplace; especially the young adult population. As the organization’s work requirements are increasing, the workload on the employees is also increasing. New research from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital offers insights into how our poor sleep habits may be influencing our performance at work. India has a vast BPO sector and a majority of the young adult working population do graveyard and off-schedule shifts, to meet the ends in this inflation. Also with the globalization, many working personnel work on the day-time working schedules of other countries in order to achieve their set targets. The current study aimed to see the effect of quality of sleep on job performance in young adult working individuals. The study hypothesized a significant relationship between the two. It also aimed at identifying if gender had an effect on job performance. The study reported a significant correlation between sleep quality and job performance. However, no significant correlation was seen between gender and job performance. The busy off-schedule lifestyle disrupts certain patterns and seems to have physical, psychological, emotional, behavioral, and social effects on working individuals. Many young adults are also suffering from early heart attacks, depression, and severe mental stress. . Changing to a better lifestyle and keeping a track of one’s sleep patterns and physical, psychological, and behavioral changes can aid an individual to lead a better life.
Diáspora, conversão, assimilação de sefarad סְפָרַדִּי e zarfat צרפת às terras do Tio Sam: ao encontro do (novo) Protestantismo anglo-saxônico
Authors: Levi Joseph Abraham
Published: August 2021

Neste estudo analisar-se-ão como as diferentes correntes migratórias dos Sefardim, particularmente a Gente da Nação – ou seja, dos Sefarditas de origem portuguesa e seus descendentes diaspóricos – durante mais de quatro séculos (ca. 1391-ca. 1812) de Diáspora (Galut,  גלות‎exílio) por muitas terras da Europa, do Magreb, da Ásia e do Novo Mundo colonial, foram também motivos de encontros e desencontros entre diversos povos, usos, costumes e religiões. Deixando de lado os já exaustivamente estudados casos de cripto-judaísmo de cunho católico nas áreas geográficas supracitadas, é nossa intenção, ao invés, investigar nessa sede casos de dissimulação e assimilação em áreas onde o Protestantismo irá ter um peso económico-religioso relevante durante esses séculos, sobretudo no Novo Mundo, nomeadamente nos Estados Unidos da América e no Canadá.
Apresentação: Notas sobre a Inquisição portuguesa: História e Historiografia
Authors: Souza Grayce Mayre Bonfim
Published: August 2021

Apresentação do dossiê Tribunal do Santo Ofício português, 200 anos após extinção: História e Historiografia
Applied machine learning in recognition of DGA domain names
Authors: Stampar Miroslav , Fertalj Kresimir
Published: August 2021

Recognition of domain names generated by domain generation algorithms (DGAs) is the essential part of malware detection by inspection of network traffic. Besides basic heuristics (HE) and limited detection based on blacklists, the most promising course seems to be machine learning (ML). There is a lack of studies that extensively compare different ML models in the field of DGA binary classification, including both conventional and deep learning (DL) representatives. Also, those few that exist are either focused on a small set of models, use a poor set of features in ML models or fail to secure unbiased independence between training and evaluation samples. To overcome these limitations, we engineered a robust feature set, and accordingly trained and evaluated 14 ML, 9 DL, and 2 comparative models on two independent datasets. Results show that if ML features are properly engineered, there is a marginal difference in overall score between top ML and DL representatives. This paper represents the first attempt to neutrally compare the performance of many different models for the recognition of DGA domain names, where the best models perform as well as the top representatives from the literature.
Building of online evaluation system based on socket protocol
Authors: Jiang Peng , Yan Kexin , Chen Haijian , Sun Hai
Published: August 2021

As an important part of the evaluation reform, online evaluation system can effectively improve the efficiency of evaluation work, which has been paid attention by teaching institutions. The online evaluation system needs to support the safe and stable transmission of information between the client and the server, and socket protocol establishes the connection through the listening port, which can easily carry out the message transmission and process control. Because it can well meet the construction requirements of online evaluation system, it is applied in our study. The building of online evaluation system based on socket protocol includes the function design of students and teachers, data flow design, evaluation difficulty grading design and system implementation. The system uses Java language and MVC mode for development, which has good scalability and platform-independence. It realizes the paperless examination process and greatly reduces the workload of teachers. The contribution of this paper is mainly reflected in two aspects. One is to explore the construction of an online evaluation system based on the socket protocol, and it provide an Asynchronous IO technical solution for the network communication between the student and the server, which provides a reference for the development of similar systems. The second is to give the realization method of the difficulty classification of the evaluation, and classify the difficulty of the test questions, which lays the foundation for carrying out personalized testing and evaluation.
From Pancreatic β-Cell Gene Networks to Novel Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Eizirik Decio L. , Szymczak Florian , Alvelos Maria Inês , Martin Frank
Published: August 2021

Completion of the Human Genome Project enabled a novel systems- and network-level understanding of biology, but this remains to be applied for understanding the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We propose that defining the key gene regulatory networks that drive β-cell dysfunction and death in T1D might enable the design of therapies that target the core disease mechanism, namely, the progressive loss of pancreatic β-cells. Indeed, many successful drugs do not directly target individual disease genes but, rather, modulate the consequences of defective steps, targeting proteins located one or two steps downstream. If we transpose this to the T1D situation, it makes sense to target the pathways that modulate the β-cell responses to the immune assault—in relation to signals that may stimulate the immune response (e.g., HLA class I and chemokine overexpression and/or neoantigen expression) or inhibit the invading immune cells (e.g., PDL1 and HLA-E expression)—instead of targeting only the immune system, as it is usually proposed. Here we discuss the importance of a focus on β-cells in T1D, lessons learned from other autoimmune diseases, the “alternative splicing connection,” data mining, and drug repurposing to protect β-cells in T1D and then some of the initial candidates under testing for β-cell protection.
Depression and Diabetes in Workers Across the Life Span: Addressing the Health of America’s Workforce—Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2014–2018
Authors: Kaur Harpriya , Scholl Juliann C. , Owens-Gary Michelle
Published: August 2021

Objective. Diabetes
affects nearly 12.2% of U.S. adults. Comorbid depressive symptoms among U.S.
workers with diabetes are associated with increased unemployment and reduced
work performance. This study examined the age-group–specific prevalence of
depression among U.S. workers with self-reported diabetes and identified
factors associated with depression.

Methods. Data from
the 2014–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to examine
the prevalence of depression among adult workers with diabetes in the United
States. Relationships between depression prevalence and diabetes and
demographic, physical, and behavioral risk factors were examined through
bivariate and multivariable analyses. Age was categorized into four groups: 18–34,
35–54, 55–64, and ≥65 years.

Results. The overall
prevalence of self-reported depression among U.S. workers with diabetes was
17.4%—30% higher than among those without diabetes. Workers with diabetes aged
18–34 years had the highest depression prevalence (28.7%) compared to other age-groups.
Female workers with diabetes were significantly more likely than male workers to
report depression in all age-groups. Young adult workers with diabetes who had
another chronic disease were nearly three times more likely to report
depression than those without another chronic condition. There were no
overlapping patterns of prevalence of diabetes and depression by state.

Conclusion. Workers with diabetes are at an increased risk
of depression, which can affect their overall health and productivity. These
findings indicate that, among those with diabetes, young adult workers and
women are most likely to have depression. Employee wellness programs may
address the specific needs of individuals with diabetes and depression.
Immediacy and Hypermediacy: mind the oscillation
Authors: Fadel Luciane Maria , Bizzocchi Jim
Published: August 2021

This paper considers that web design comprehends the notion of transparency (immediacy) as a mean to support user immersion. But it also comprehends the notion of opaque (hypermediacy) as a mean to support interactivity. Therefore, the user oscillates between being immersed on the content and interacting with the interface, and this oscillation might disrupt the making sense process. We argue that the creative oscillation between immediacy and hypermediacy can enhance reality and thus support meaningful web experience. To this end, this paper investigates the role of agency to sustain oscillation between immediacy and hypermediacy in a website. Thus, this paper starts reviewing some of the works that instantiate narrative in design and those that focus on the agency that is experienced when interacting with a computer. Thus, agency is used as an analytical lens to investigate how interface design was used to specific outcomes in retail context: a sense of aesthetic, service excellence, playfulness and consumer return on investment. In order to that, it is performed a close reading in two versions of two specific genres of websites to understand how remediation changed over time and its implication on agency. The first genre is service design, and the second is product design. The results suggest that those design that privilege narrative and cognitive interactivity intend to provoke a sense of aesthetic and service excellence. The results also suggest that those websites that privilege explicit interactivity intend to provoke a sense of playfulness and consumer return on investment. In addition, a creative oscillation between immediacy and hypermediacy enhance reality and support meaningful user experience. In addition, this paper identifies some of the signifiers that support different levels of agency. Finally, exploring the oscillation between immediacy (transparency) and hypermediation (reflectivity) creates meaning to the experience because it acknowledges the interface and the role it plays in presenting reality.
THE PECULIARITIES OF THE COMBINED COURSE OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Ilashchuk Т.О. , Mykytyuk O.P. , Chobanu Y.V.
Published: August 2021

The aim – to analyze the literature data sources concerning the peculiarities of thecombined course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronaryheart disease (CHD), taking into account the endothelial dysfunction of systemicinflammation and oxidative stress.Conclusions. The main mechanisms involved in the progression of the combinedcourse of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary heart disease are theendothelial dysfunction, the systemic inflammation and desynchronosis. The pleiotropiceffects and diverce molecular interactions of sirtuins have distinct physiological effects,such as preventing the development and progression of emphysema in COPD and avoiding the progression of myocardical hypertrophy and heart failure. The researchof intermolecular interactions with the help of Sirtuin is a promising area for findingnew effective diagnostic and prognostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for COPDand CVD.