bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety assessment and oxidative stress evaluation of myricetin derivative-rich fraction from Syzygium malaccense in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Nallappan Devi , Ong Kien Chai , Palanisamy Uma Devi , Chua Kek Heng , Kuppusamy Umah Rani
Published: June 2022

Myricetin derivatives from Syzygium malaccense leaf extract are known to have numerous therapeutic efficacies but there is no documented evidence corroborating its safety. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the safety profile of myricetin derivative-rich fraction (MD) from S. malaccense leaf extract through single and repetitive oral administration in C57BL/6J mice. In the acute toxicity study, mice were orally administered with MD at single doses of 25, 150, 500, and 1,500 mg/kg. Subsequently, a modified sub-chronic toxicity assessment was performed by administering 150 mg/kg MD orally for 16 weeks. In both acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies, there were no lethal effects and behavioural signs of toxicity observed. The body weight, food, and water intakes of mice were normal throughout the respective experimental periods. As compared to the respective control groups, MD caused a significant improvement in serum uric acid and aspartate aminotransferase levels. The histopathological analysis of MD-administered mice did not show any inflammation or cell death. The MD-treated mice showed significantly reduced protein carbonyl and lipid hydroperoxide levels in urine, liver, and kidney tissues. Taken together, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of MD was up to 1,500 mg/kg, and considered safe for oral consumption over relatively long durations with oxidative stress attenuating properties.
Antioxidant activity and functional properties of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) protein hydrolysates
Authors: Kong Li-Min , Cui Shuai , Huo Yun-Feng , Zhu Qing , Wei Xiao-Yi , Zhou Tao
Published: June 2022

Grey mullet protein hydrolysate possessed high antioxidant activity and was prepared using neutrase. The hydrolysis conditions were optimised by the response surface methodology (RSM): enzyme to substrate ratio 5.8:1 (U of enzyme/mg of substrate), pH 7.3, 51°C, and 3.5 h. The hydrolysate obtained under the optimal conditions (HGM) possessed superior radical scavenging activity (IC50 values: 0.786 mg/mL for DPPH; 1.294 mg/mL for superoxide anion radical) to that of unhydrolysed grey mullet protein (GM). HGM also possessed better ferric-reducing power and higher ferrous ion-chelating activity. Electrophoretic analysis indicated that HGM mainly consisted of peptides with molecular weights below 10 kDa. The amino acid composition indicated a high nutritional value for HGM. The solubility, foamability, and emulsion activity index of HGM were improved as compared to those of GM. These results indicated that HGM has potential as a bioactive ingredient in the formulation of functional foods.
Thai creamed honey: enthalpy of crystal melting and texture profile under different storage conditions
Authors: Suriwong Voraluck , Jaturonglumlert Somkiat , Varith Jaturapatr , Narkprasom Kanjana , Tanongkankit Yardfon , Nitatwichit Chanawat , Thaisamak Phirunrat
Published: June 2022

The effects of different storage conditions of Thai creamed honey on the texture profile and thermodynamic properties were successfully investigated by using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Liquid and creamed sunflower, longan, and wild honey were analysed in the present work due to Thailand's large production capacity. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and enthalpy of sugar fusion (ΔHf) exhibited insignificant differences between liquid and creamed honey. Only the enthalpy of crystal melting (ΔHm) was an indicator to distinguish the phase of honey, since it was imperceptible for liquid honey in the melting temperature ranging between 30 - 60°C. In addition, the correlation between hardness values and ΔHm can be a new parameter to obtain the best texture of Thai creamed honey at chilled temperature during storage.
Assessment of betaine content in commercial cow and goat milk
Authors: Zivkovic Jelena , Trutić Nataša , Sunarić Slavica , Živanović Slavoljub , Jovanović Tatjana , Kocić Gordana , Pavlović Radmila
Published: June 2022

Betaine is a cytoplasmic osmolyte and a methyl group donor in many biochemical pathways. It exhibits numerous beneficial biological effects and has shown health benefits against some common chronic metabolic and degenerative diseases. In humans, it is obtained mostly from the diet, but it can also be endogenously synthesised by choline oxidation. Although betaine is a valuable human nutrient, information concerning its concentration in milk is still limited. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to quantify and compare the betaine content in commercial cow and goat milk. The betaine content was estimated using a simple isocratic HPLC-UV method following derivatisation with 4-bromophenacyl bromide. The sample pre-treatment included deproteinisation with 0.3% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile. Betaine concentrations in cow milk ranged from 5.56 mg/L in milk with 0.5% fat, to 8.14 mg/L in milk with 2.8% fat. A positive but not significant relationship between fat and the betaine content in milk (r = 0.43) was observed. The average betaine concentration in commercial cow milk (7.21 mg/L) was in line with the results of previous studies. On the other hand, the average level of betaine in commercial goat milk was three times greater (22.82 mg/L). As far as the authors are aware, there are no published results of the betaine content in goat milk, and the present work is the first in this field. The present work demonstrated that the application of a simple and efficient sample pre-treatment and the HPLC-UV method for betaine determination allows for its successful quantification in milk.
Effects of sago starch on body weight, food intake, caecum short chain fatty acids, adipose tissue, and hepatic lipid content of fat-induced Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Thompson Mayrilyn Solo , Dahari Saipul Izzuwan , Shamsuddin Mohd Shafarin , Rashed Aswir Abdul , Sarbini Shahrul Razid
Published: June 2022

Sago starch which naturally contains high amount of resistant starch, comes to the attention due to its ability to confer health benefits as functional food i.e., prebiotic. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of sago starch consumption on body weight, satiation, caecum short chain fatty acids body, and hepatic lipid content on diet-induced obese rats for obesity management. A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were fat-induced and divided into the obesity-prone and obesity-resistant groups. Eight percent and sixteen percent resistant starch from sago and Hi-maize260 were incorporated into the standardised feed formulation. Food intake was weighed throughout the intervention period. The caecum sample was subjected to short chain fatty acids analysis using HPLC. Hepatic lipid content was measured using the Folch method. Both dosages of sago starch (8 and 16% SRS) promoted body weight loss with a reduction of food intake, which suggested satiety. No significant differences was observed in the production of lactate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate from the caecum sample. Both dosages of sago starch (8 and 16% SRS) also showed lower hepatic lipid content and visceral adipose tissue than the baseline and control groups. However, 8% sago starch showed the lowest hepatic lipid content in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant groups. Overall results demonstrated that sago starch has the potential as an obesity and overweightness control regime as it promotes satiety, lowers visceral adipose tissue, and reduces hepatic lipid content. Consumers should consider adding sago starch in their daily meals.
The infusion of goji berries and red dates ameliorates the overall qualities of kenaf leaves tea
Authors: Goh Kok Ming , Ng Sze Yuan , Nyam Kar Lin
Published: June 2022

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is an industrial crop in Malaysia, and especially used as a source for composite wood. Kenaf leaves as a by-product of the plantation can be consumed as food due to its high nutritional value. Kenaf leaves have high antioxidant properties, thus are suitable to be made into herbal tea. However, its flavour is considered sour, thus presenting a challenge for product development. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the physicochemical and functional (ascorbic acid content, calcium content, and anti-diabetic) properties of kenaf leave tea (KLT) with 0, 60, and 100% kenaf leaves used. KLT was prepared by steaming and drying the kenaf leaves, followed by sieving. Then, the powder was mixed with distilled water at 1% (w/v). Another portion of red dates and goji berries tea (RGT) was prepared by boiling the red dates:goji berries:water at 1:2.5:28.5 ratio. Two portions of tea were infused using 60% KLT and 40% RGT. Results showed that a 100% KLT (positive control) was always highest in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The antioxidant activities were positively correlated with DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Contrary, the negative control (0% KLT) showed the highest α-amylase inhibitory effect. The present work also evaluated the acceptance of consumers using the Hedonic sensory test among 50 panellists with balance male and female candidates. Since 100% KLT extract was in low pH values (2.17 ± 0.26), 60% KLT infused with goji berries and red dates gained the highest consumers' acceptance. Therefore, as a compromise between sensory and functional properties, a maximum of 60% KLT was a suitable formulation for the consumers.
An improved method for the purification and structural analysis of rubropunctatin from red yeast glutinous rice
Authors: Shen Ming Yu , He Li Yezi , Xu Li , Sui Tang , Wei Dong Mei , Cao Chuan , Hu Jing Wei , Fu Rui Yan , Zhou Yi Bin
Published: June 2022

An improved method for the separation and purification of rubropunctatin from red yeast glutinous rice was developed. In this method, silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography were used to separate the Monascus pigments. Pure methanol and a mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol (13:7, v/v) were selected as the eluent and running solvent, respectively. When compared with previously reported methods, the developed method required fewer types of solvents, and could be suitable for large-scale laboratory production. The extracted pigment was analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H NMR, 13C NMR). Structural analysis revealed a molecular mass of 353.2 m/z [M－H]－, and a structure including an azaphilone body with two side chains. This structure was consistent with that reported for rubropunctatin. Therefore, the improved purification method reported herein could efficiently be used for the extraction of rubropunctatin from red yeast glutinous rice.
Bacterial community of winter salad during fermentation, and its antimicrobial properties
Authors: Davati Nafiseh , Hesami Shohreh
Published: June 2022

The mixture of pickled vegetables with tomato juice, known as winter salad, is one of Iranian traditional fermented foods. The present work aimed to identify the predominant bacterial community in winter salad during fermentation, and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of its cell-free supernatant (CFS) against Aspergillus niger IBRC-M 30095, Botrytis cinerea IBRC-M 30162, Aspergillus flavus IBRC-M 30092, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella typhi PTCC 1609, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using disc diffusion agar and microdilution assays. The fermentation dynamics of winter salad, changes in pH, acidity, salt, ash, protein, and fat contents, and bacterial composition were analysed during spontaneous fermentation. A total of 120 bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. Results showed that the following genera were dominant in the early stage of fermentation: Lactobacillus (Lb. brevis, Lb. japonicus, Lb. pentosus, Lb. senmaizukei, Lb. plantarum, Lb. acidifarinae, Lb. parabrevis, and Lb. alimentarius) (44%); Leuconostoc (Ln. mesenteroides and Ln. palmae) (13%); Pediococcus (Pc. pentosaceus, Pc. parvulus, Pc. cellicola, Pc. argentinicus, and Pc. stilesii) (7%); Acinetobacter (Ab. johnsonii) (4%); Enterobacter (E. soli) (10%); and unclassified isolates (22%). All isolates were identified successively during fermentation for 40 days; however, the species count changed throughout the fermentation. The CFS of winter salad showed inhibitory activity against all tested fungal species. Ps. aeruginosa and Sa. typhi were the most sensitive bacteria, while the minimum inhibitory percentage (MIP) and minimum bactericidal percentage (MBP) showed that St. aureus (MIPCFS-c 75; MBPCFS-c 75) and Ba. cereus (MIPCFS-c 50; MBPCFS-c 75) were the most resistant bacteria.
Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of unripe apple extract in a murine diabetic model
Authors: Lee Hak Yong , Kim Min Jung , Park Young Mi , Shin Dong Yeop , Yang Ye Jin , Lee Hae Seong , Seok Mi Kyung , Lee Yang Lee , Kim Su Jung , Lee Jung Hee , Kim Sang Seoub , Kim Min Guk , Yun Chi Young , Kim Myung-Sunny , Yang Hye Jeong , Lee Young-Rae
Published: June 2022

The increasing incidence of diabetes is a global concern. Current treatment modalities involving lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy are not effective in 50% of patients. Unripe apples contain polyphenols which are known to have antidiabetic effects. To verify the effects of unripe apple extract (UAE), the antioxidant activity of UAE was confirmed using a cell-free DPPH assay; and nitric oxide production and cytotoxicity were investigated in RIN-m5F cells. Biochemical analysis, oral glucose tolerance test, and histological analyses of the pancreas and liver were also conducted. UAE treatment induced hypoglycaemic conditions in alloxan-induced RIN-m5F cells. Further, UAE treatment showed antidiabetic effects in db/db mice by reducing plasma glucose and fructosamine levels without affecting the food intake and body weight. Additionally, UAE improved glucose tolerance and lipid parameters, and restored the pancreatic tissue in db/db mice. These results demonstrated the antidiabetic effects of UAE on alloxan-treated pancreatic islet-derived cells and in db/db mice, and suggested that UAE can be potentially used as a medicine and dietary supplement or functional food in antidiabetic therapy.
Aflatoxin B1 contamination of wheat flour, coffee, and pistachios consumed in Northern Palestine
Authors: Ahmad Bahaa , Alzuheir Ibrahim M , Abo Omar Jamal
Published: June 2022

The objective of the present work was to investigate the levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in some commonly consumed food items (wheat flour, roasted coffee beans, and pistachios) at the markets of Palestine. The samples were collected from the cities in the Northern West Bank (Nablus, Tulkarm, and Jenin). The pistachio and coffee samples were collected from the main toasters in these cities, while the flour samples were collected from the major bakeries in these cities. A total of 90 samples were collected, 30 from each city. The samples were analysed by a direct quantitative competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the amounts of AFB1. AFB1 contamination was detected in all of the collected samples. The percentage of samples exceeding the permissible limit prescribed by the European Commission (EC) Regulation of Maximum Residual Levels (MRL) was 33.3%. AFB1 contamination levels in the flour samples ranged between 0.4 - 2 µg/kg, with a mean of 0.75 µg/kg. All of the tested samples were below the EC-MRL level of 12 µg/kg. The amount of AFB1 in the roasted coffee beans ranged between 12 - 49 µg/kg, with a mean of 25.03 µg/kg. All of the tested samples exceeded the EC-MRL level of 5 µg/kg. The pistachios had a contamination level between 0.7- 2.20 µg/kg, with a mean of 1.28 µg/kg, and none exceeded the EC-MRL level of 8 µg/kg for direct human consumption. No differences were observed between the targeted areas (p > 0.05). The results obtained on the contamination levels of AFB1 indicated a serious public health issues. Further improvement of food handling and storage conditions must be exercised.
Development of a sweet beverage from germinated brown rice: A product of high nutritional value enriched with high bioactive compounds for promoting good health
Authors: Ha Nguyen Cong , Chi Trieu Minh , Nu Thieu Thi Ngoc , Ngoc Nguyen Thi Le , Binh Nguyen Duong Thanh , Oladapo Ibitoye Joshua
Published: June 2022

To develop a value-added product from germinated brown rice (GBR), an experiment was developed to optimise the production conditions for a sweet beverage enriched with bioactive compounds (EBCSB) by optimising the A. oryzae spore ratio (0.3 - 0.6%), ratio of GBR to A. oryzae (GA), steamed GBR (SG) (1:3 to 1:9), and hydrolysis process. Results showed that GBR after cooking with water (GBR: water at 1:1.5), and when used as a medium for spore inoculation (0.4%) at 40°C for 36 h yielded the highest amylase activity in GA (2.37 UI/g). Subsequently, GA and SG at 1:5 ratio was incubated at 60°C for 6 h, and yielded the best composition of glucose, gamma-amino butyric acid, and ergothioneine at 12.18%, 883.9 mg/kg, and 210.9 mg/kg, respectively. The product was then sterilised at 121°C for 4 min corresponding to Fvalue = 7.47 (Fo = 7) to increase product safety and maintain good quality for eight weeks. Results further indicated that GBR can be used to produce EBCSB that is good for health.
Correlation of the GC-MS-based metabolite profile of Momordica charantia fruit and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Perumal Vikneswari , Khatib Alfi , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Uzir Bisha Fathamah , Abas Faridah , Murugesu Suganya , Saiman Mohd Zuwairi , Primaharinastiti Riesta , El-Seedi Hesham
Published: June 2022

Momordica charantia or bitter melon (Cucurbitaceae) is a widely consumed edible fruit with strong antioxidant properties. Due to these properties, it has been commercialised by the natural product industries as a coadjutant in the treatment of various ailments attributable to the deleterious effects of oxidants. The present work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of M. charantia fruit extracts made with different compositions of ethanol:water, and to identify the metabolites that are responsible for this activity. To this end, the fruit samples were extracted using six different concentrations of ethanol in water (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and multivariate data analysis (MVDA) were used to identify significant antioxidants. The 80% ethanol:water extract showed the most significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity when tested with the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant assays. The multivariate data analysis revealed that the metabolites related to this antioxidant activity were gentiobiose, glucose, galactonic acid, palmitic acid, galactose, mannose, and fructose.
Long term exposure to sucralose alters the sense of sweet tastants in an intestinal enteroendocrine cell model
Authors: Cai Shuangfeng , Wu Yaran , Xin Yiming , Gu Xuqiang , Wang Yujie , Jin Rui , Zha Liling , Yu Zhiheng , Ye Lu , Ding Weiping , Zhao Yan , Cai Lei
Published: June 2022

Artificial sweeteners can bind to the sweet taste receptors T1R2/T1R3 on the cell membrane of taste receptor cells, including intestinal enteroendocrine cells, and induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Acute adaptation or a reduction in receptor signalling was observed after prolonged exposure to a taste stimulus in an animal model. However, at the cell level, it remains unclear whether the expression level of T1R2/T1R3 will be changed by pre-exposure to sweetener molecules, and whether the corresponding change in [Ca2+]i induced by the altered expression of sweet taste receptors varies. In the present work, western blotting and qPCR analysis showed that the expression level of T1R2/T1R3 in NCI-H716 cells was upregulated by sucralose stimulation. In the sucralose-treated cells, the accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ in the sweetener pre-treated cells was significantly enhanced as compared to that in cells without sweetener pre-treatment, although the sweet response differed between acesulfame K and sucralose with the same sweetness. Collectively, the increased expression of T1Rs in sweetener pre-incubated cells enhanced the sweet taste signal response, which implies that long-term administration of artificial sweeteners in beverages or foods could alter the sensitivity of taste receptor cells to sweetener molecules.
Improving oxidative stress and inflammation status of obese women with metabolic syndrome using phenolic-rich red kidney bean sprout milk yogurt
Authors: Winarsi Hery , Septiana Aisyah Tri
Published: June 2022

Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Antioxidant-rich food products are known for improving the oxidative stress and inflammation as well as inhibiting the development of metabolic syndrome. The present work thus aimed to determine the effects of phenolic-rich red kidney bean sprout milk yogurt (RKBSMY) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, TNF-α level, and body mass index (BMI) of women with MetS. Thirty obese women with MetS, low SOD activity, and high TNF-α level served as research subjects. The 2-month intervention using red kidney bean sprout milk yogurt (RKBSMY) with 2% lactic acid bacterial starter, 10% sucrose, and 24-h fermentation was conducted to women with MetS. Results showed that RKBSMY increased the SOD activity from 5.13 to 8.02 ng/mL (p = 0.047), decreased the plasma TNF-α level from 60.89 to 39.77 pg/mL (p < 0.05), and decreased the BMI from 28.04 to 24.38 kg/m2. Therefore RKBSMY could be beneficial for people with degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Effect of Psidium guajava L. leaf extract on beef quality at different storage temperatures
Authors: Zainalabidin Fazly Ann , Nik Sabri Nik Nur Najiha , Rukayadi Yaya
Published: June 2022

Psidium guajava L., or guava, has been widely reported as having antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens. However, the efficacy of P. guajava leaf extract at different storage temperatures has not been extensively explored. Therefore, the present work investigated the effect of antibacterial activity of P. guajava leaf extract on beef quality at different storage temperatures. Disc diffusion assay was performed on selected foodborne pathogens (Bacillus cereus ATCC33019, B. megaterium ATCC14581, B. pumilus ATCC14884, B. subtilis ATCC6633, Escherichia coli ATCC43895, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13773, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC14028, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29737) to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaves. The results revealed inhibition zones ranging from 7.00 ± 0.00 to 10.00 ± 0.00 mm. MIC and MBC assays were conducted to assess the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of the leaf extract at a concentration range of 0.08 to 2.50 mg/mL, and > 5.00 mg/mL, respectively. The stability of the leaf extract was also measured at different temperatures and pH conditions by disc diffusion assay with the minimum inhibition zone of 7.00 ± 0.00 mm. The application of P. guajava leaf extract (0.05, 0.50, and 5.00%) on beef samples resulted in a continuous decrease in Total Plate Count during 14-day storage at refrigerated (4.0 ± 2.0°C) and freezing (-18.0 ± 2.0°C) temperatures. The results revealed that P. guajava leaf extract can effectively serve as a natural meat preservative to prolong the shelf life of the treated beef up to 14 days.
Effect of germination and UV-B elicitation on chemical compositions, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical contents of underutilised Mexican blue maize seeds
Authors: Chavarín-Martínez Christian Denisse , Reyes-Moreno Cuauhtemoc , Milán-Carrillo Jorge , Perales-Sánchez Janitzio Xiomara K. , Canizalez-Román Vicente Adrían , Cuevas-Rodriguez Edith-Oliva , López-Valenzuela Jose Angel , Gutiérrez-Dorado Roberto
Published: June 2022

Germination improves seed functionality due to increased phytochemicals and associated antioxidant activities. These effects are enhanced with a suitable inductor which is applied at appropriate time and dose. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of germination + UV-B elicitation on the chemical compositions, antioxidant activities (AoxA), total phenolic (TPC), total anthocyanin (TA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents in blue maize seeds. The application of UV-B radiation (wavelengths of 280 - 311 nm) during 37.0 h was an effective elicitor. Germinated-elicited blue maize flour (GEBMF) had higher proteins (+29.1%), dietary fibres (+22.0%), and AoxA (ABTS: +133.9%; DPPH: +173.4%) than unprocessed blue maize flour (UBMF). The increase in AoxA was closely related to the observed increase in TPC (+587.2%), TA (+29.9%), and GABA (+199.9%). Therefore, GEBMF could be used as a source of proteins, dietary fibres, and natural antioxidants in the formulation of new functional foods and beverages. These results could also contribute to the use and conservation of blue maize, an underutilised cereal.
Isolation and characterisation of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from Malaysian fermented fish products budu and bosou
Authors: Hj. Yaacob Ilyanie , Huda-Faujan Nur , Md Yasin Ida Muryany , Jaafar Zuraida
Published: June 2022

Budu (BUM) is mainly produced in Kelantan and Terengganu, while bosou (BO) is an ethnic fermented food originated from Sabah. These fermented foods are typically consumed as condiments for flavour enhancement of meals. In the present work, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from both fermented fish products were screened in vitro for their probiotic attributes, following the FAO/WHO guidelines. The acid and bile tolerance, haemolytic, and antimicrobial activities, as well as resistance against antibiotics were examined. A total of 42 isolates were characterised by a preliminary subtractive screening method (catalase-negative and Gram-positive cocci/bacilli). Of these, 14 isolates (four isolates from BO and ten isolates from BUM) could tolerate the high acidic conditions, thus were further tested for other probiotic characteristics, and molecularly identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. These isolates demonstrated survival rates above 90 and 50% when exposed to pH as low as 2.5 and 0.3% bile salts, respectively. These isolates also did not display β-haemolytic properties, and could retard the growth of all indicator pathogens to varying degrees. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the BO and BUM isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum and L. paracasei, respectively, with 98% similarities to the nucleotide sequences existing in the GenBank database. These findings suggested that LAB isolated from both budu and bosou could be a promising probiotic potential, hence could be further developed as medicinal agents.
Physical properties and prebiotic activity of white dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) powders produced using different wall materials
Authors: Yusof Norzaida , Mohd Adzahan Noranizan , Matajun Patricia , Mustafa Shuhaimi , Muhammad Kharidah
Published: June 2022

The aim of the present work was to investigate the spray-dried characteristics such as physical properties, morphologies, glass transition temperatures (Tg), and prebiotic activity of white dragon fruit (WDF) powders produced using different wall materials, namely resistant maltodextrin (RMD) and maltodextrin (MD), at optimum spray drying conditions. Results showed that RMD decreased water activity and moisture content, and increased bulk density and true density of powder more than MD. In addition, the particle size of RMD-coated powder (WRMD) was smaller than that of MD-coated powder (WMD), and the morphology of the WRMD powder showed that it had a smooth surface as compared to WMD powder, where shrinkage and dent surfaces were observed. The Tg of WMD powder had higher value, but both types of powders were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. Then, both powders were further investigated for their ability to support the growth of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus casei Shirota. The growth of the anaerobic bacteria was determined every 6 h for 24 h at 37°C in six modified MRS media containing glucose, RMD, MD, WRMD powder, WMD powder, and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as the substrates. Results indicated that all substrates significantly (p < 0.05) increased the growth of the probiotic bacteria, with WRMD powder yielding the highest bacterial count. Based on the findings, WRMD powder can be considerably used as a new prebiotic source for the functional food industry.
Potential of dried bread enriched with red palm oil to improve lipid profile, and control oxidative stress: An experimental study in adult men with dyslipidaemia
Authors: Harianti Rini , Marliyati Sri Anna , Rimbawan  , Sukandar Dadang
Published: June 2022

Dyslipidaemia is an abnormality of lipid metabolism, characterised by the increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which cause antioxidant enzymes to decrease, and trigger oxidative stress, characterised by an increase in lipid peroxidation. The present work examined the effect of consumption of dried breads enriched with red palm oil (RPO) to improve serum lipid profiles, and control oxidative stress in adult men with dyslipidaemia. This randomised double-blind controlled trial involved adult men with an abnormal lipid profile, and had a body mass index between 18.5 and 26.9 kg/m2. Each subject consumed two pieces of dried bread per packet as a snack for eight weeks. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: those who consumed dried breads with RPO (experiment), and those who consumed dried breads without RPO (control). Serum levels of lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C) and control oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidised LDL (oxLDL), and β-carotene serum] were measured before and after the intervention. In subjects who consumed dried breads with RPO, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-C levels (p = 0.020 and 0.041, respectively); whereas serum triglyceride and HDL-C levels were not significantly affected (p = 0.083 and 0.233, respectively). Further, the consumption of dried breads with RPO significantly (p = 0.018) increased SOD activity which led to a significant decrease in MDA and oxLDL levels (p = 0.036 and 0.047, respectively), but non-significant on the increase in β-carotene serum levels (p = 0.166). Therefore, daily consumption of 60 g dried breads with RPO has the potential to be a functional food that can be used as a snack that efficiently lowers total and LDL cholesterol levels in adult men with dyslipidaemia, but without deleterious effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Development of an Effective Bootleg Videos Retrieval System as a Part of Content-Based Video Search Engine
Authors: Adly Ahmad Sedky , Hegazy Islam , Elarif Taha , Abdelwahab M. S.
Published: June 2022

Many research studies in content-based video search engines are concerned with content-based video queries retrieval where a query by example is sent to retrieve a list of visually similar videos. However, minor research is concerned with indexing and searching public video streaming services such as YouTube, where there is a dilemma for misusing copyrighted video materials and detecting bootleg manipulated videos before being uploaded. In this paper, a novel and effective technique for a content-based video search engine with effective detection of bootleg videos is evaluated on a large-scale video index dataset of 1088 video records. A novel feature vector is introduced using video shots temporal and key-object/concept features applying combinational-based matching algorithms, using various similarity metrics for evaluation. The retrieval system was evaluated using more than 200 non-semantic-based video queries evaluating both normal and bootleg videos, with retrieval precision for normal videos of 97.9% and retrieval recall of 100% combined by the F1 measure to be 98.3%. Bootleg videos retrieval precision scored 99.2% and retrieval recall was of 96.7% combined by the F1 measure to be 97.9%. This allows making a conclusion that this technique can help in enhancing both traditional text-based search engines and commonly used bootleg detection techniques.
Solness's Ideal Kingdom and Man -- A Brief Talk on the Images in The Master Builder
Authors: Wang Wanzhuo
Published: June 2022

As for Ibsen's later work The Master Builder, most people are paying attention to the expression of ethical themes and the study of characters' self-consciousness. Since The Wild Duck, his works gradually began to explore characters' hearts, and many scholars classified it as symbolism. This paper analyzes many intentions in Ibsen's The Master Builder, and reveals how image, the ontological category of poetics and aesthetics, is applicable to drama.
Application Analysis of Financial Investment Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Xu Zhijian
Published: June 2022

Machine learning has great potential in reducing product and service costs, speeding up business processes and serving customers better. In this era of unprecedented development of technology, as one of the most important application fields, machine learning has also been widely used in financial investment. In view of this, this paper briefly discusses the connotation of machine learning, introduces the application of machine learning in financial investment, and lays the foundation for the future development of financial industry.
Basic Research on the Spatial Evolution of Rural Settlements under the Mountain-Water-Field System in Mountainous Area in the Middle of Shandong Province
Authors: Zhang Lei , Shi Li , Guo Yuhan
Published: June 2022

Mountainous area in the middle of Shandong province is located in the south-central part of Shandong Province, including six cities and nineteen counties in Shandong Province. It has outstanding physical and geographical features and profound cultural accumulation. The function and structure of settlement space have distinct regional and humanistic characteristics. Based on literature review, field investigation, this paper obtains information and data about the nature, history, economy, ecology, policy and other aspects of the study area, summarizes and analyzes the natural environment conditions and humanistic environment foundation of rural settlement space formation in this area, and grasps the basic state of rural settlement space evolution in this area. It is found that the foundation of rural settlement space evolution in mountainous area in the middle of Shandong province is mainly the natural ecological background of mountains, water and fields, prominent and active rural economy and beautiful and fragile ecological environment. This study can provide reference for the optimization and reconstruction of settlement table space.
Building Floor Area Extraction Process with Functional Approach in Zoning Plots with Uncertain Shrinkage
Authors: TAŞKAYA Selim
Published: June 2022

: In areas where there is a vital human population, it is necessary to establish a certain planning in order to meet human needs. This planning takes the form of zoning formation. Zoning plans, on the other hand, are made based on different identities in their designated area. It is in the form of certain criteria such as discrete, block, adjacent. However, the most extraordinary form of these identities is the zoning island feature, which has a free identity. It is to find the answer to the question of how the structures that will meet the human shelter needs on the islands where the parcels with free properties are located will be built by sitting on the ground. In the study, it is examined how to make these session estimations with the function approach over various zoning plan plots. As a method, the result of a problem with ellipse and linear function logic is based on reaching the result of a problem from the inner to the outer. Examples are given on how to give garden distance amounts with this approach in cases where the criteria are clear or not.
Diktatör Filmi ve Bodyguard Dizisindeki İslamofobik Söylemler
Authors: PINARBAŞI Gülenay
Published: June 2022

İslam, on dört yüzyıllık tarihi boyunca, adına İslam dünyası denilen yaşam sahasını doldurmuş, İslam dışı denilebilecek unsurların yerleşeceği bir alan bırakmamıştır. İslam’ın bir tehdit ve öteki olarak algılanması, ortaya çıkıp yayılmaya başlamasının ardından olmuş, Müslümanların Hıristiyan toplumların topraklarını fethetmesi ve sonrasında Haçlı Seferleri ile doruğa ulaşmıştır. 11 Eylül 2001 bir milat olmuş, geleneksel medya araçları İslam’ı paketlediği oryantalist zihin sarmalına fobileri eklemiştir. Medya, kurguladığı İslamofobik çerçeveler yoluyla doğrudan İslam dini ve Müslümanları hedef aldığı gibi gayrimüslimlerin daha iyi ve hoş gösterilmesi bakımından da İslamofobik içerikler üretmektedir. 11 Eylül sonrasında üretilen iddialar eşliğinde medya klişe bir Müslüman stereotipi yaratmıştır. Üretilen bu tipin, Batı dünyasında kendisine yaşam kuran sıradan Müslümanların dahi gündelik hayatlarında çeşitli zorluklar yaşamasına neden olduğuna dair işaretler mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada daha önce gösterime giren ve daha sonra tüm dünyadan erişilebilen Netflix’te yayınlanan Diktatör filmi ve Bodyguard dizisindeki İslamofobik yansımalar, Zabalbeascoa’nın söylem analizi yöntemine göre incelenmiştir. Söz konusu yapımların söylemlerindeki birliğin analiz edilmesi amacıyla, tasnif bakımından Zabalbeascoa (2008) sabit tutulmuş, farklı eleştirel söylem bakış açılarına da yer verilmiştir. Filmlerdeki klişeleştirme, karakterlerin, olay örgüsünün, görüntülerin, sesin ve oyunculukların inşası yoluyla kurulduğundan görsel-işitsel metnin unsurları kullanarak kategorileştirilmiştir. Ele alınan iki yapımda da oryantalizm, ötekileştirmenin bölücü ideolojisi ve karmaşık temsiller tespit edilmiştir. Yapımlarda kullanılan Batı'ya savaş açmaya kararlı “radikal Müslüman isyancı” klişesiyle şiddet, Müslüman olmanın ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak gösterilmekte, din ise şiddet eylemleri için bir gerekçe olarak sunulmaktadır. Yeniden üretilen klişelerle yüzyıllar öncesinin düşmanca inançları pekiştirilmektedir. Çalışmada yerleşik stereotiplerin reddedilerek politikadan soyutlanması ve sorunsallaştırılmasının gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.
Research on Fixed-Length Truncation System of Bamboo Based on Image Processing
Authors: Su Jianyi , Wang Zhenzhong , Chen Yongming
Published: June 2022

In view of the low automation degree of bamboo fixed-length truncation equipment,this paper proposes a bamboo truncation control scheme based on software motion control,and uses image processing technology to integrate and design the bamboo joint identification system,which can effectively avoid opening and cutting bamboo joints during processing.Firstly,the smoothed image is obtained by grayscale processing, filtering and denoising; secondly,vertical line features are extracted by morphological operations such as opening operation and dilation; finally,by optimizing and screening the line segments obtained by the line edge detection,it is calculated and judged whether there is a bamboo joint in the pre-truncated area.The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of bamboo joint recognition of the system can reach 90%,and the recognition efficiency is high,which can meet the needs of fixed-length production of bamboo.
Comparative Study on Axial Magnetorheological Effect and Shear Magnetorheological Effect of Magnetorheological Elastomer
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Wang Qi , Tong Yu , Ma Ning , Zeng Yaoxiang , Dong Xufeng
Published: June 2022

The magnetorheological effect of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) suggests that the viscoelasticity of MRE can be reversibly regulated by magnetic fields in real time. Presently,MRE intelligent variable stiffness isolation device mainly employs the magnetorheological effect of materials in the shear direction, in which case the research on MRE magnetorheological effect is largely focused on the shear direction. However,in the vertical isolation,such study mainly deals with the axial magnetorheological effect of MRE. Our paper,which studies the magnetorheological effect of MRE under axial load through experiments, tries to draw a comparative analysis between the magnetorheological effect with that under shear load. Based on the electronic universal testing machine and excitation device,the axial magnetorheological effect test system was designed,and the shear magnetorheological effect was studied by rotating rheometer. Under the two operating modes,the magnetic field intensity was adjusted between 0~184kA/m, whereas the strain amplitude range varied from 5% to 15%. The tension-compressive hysteretic curves and shear hysteretic curves of MRE under different magnetic fields were obtained,and the viscoelastic mechanical parameters under different working conditions were calculated. The test results show that MRE has good characteristics of magnetostrictive variable modulus and variable damping under axial load. Compared with shear mode,the storage modulus and loss modulus under tension-compressive mode are improved, while the damping loss factor is relatively smaller.
Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Qi Xiongwei , Geng Jiahong , Si Fangfang , Zhang Chao , Wang Guangshuo
Published: June 2022

Magnetic nanoparticles are a new type of functional material that develops rapidly and has high application value.Because of their high specific surface area,strong magnetic responsiveness,excellent biocompatibility and typical superparamagnetism,they have been widely used in the field of biomedical applications including magnetic separation,magnetic transfection,magnetic hyperthermia,magnetic targeting drug carrier and purification.In this paper,the preparative methods and surface modification techniques of magnetic nanoparticles were summarized,and the application and development of magnetic nanoparticles in the field of biomedicine were discussed.
Research on the Performance of Thermoplastic Resin-Based Fiber Metal Laminates
Authors: Qu Shijie , Liu Shuai
Published: June 2022

In the promotion of energy conservation,emission reduction,carbon reduction and low-carbon on the global scale,the lightweight of material development has become a hot topic in the development of scientific research institutions and enterprises.In order to achieve application goals such as lightweight, weight reduction,and cost reduction,various lightweight materials have emerged.Among them,fiber metal laminates can integrate the advantageous properties of fiber composite materials and metal materials,and optimize the design and configuration of the resources of each component material,so as to meet the performance requirements that cannot be met by a single material.In this paper,glass fiber reinforced polypropylene and aluminum alloy are joined to fabricate thermoplastic fiber-metal laminates via compression molding,and the mechanical properties and interlaminar fracture toughness are investigated by molding, which provides a new perspective on lightweight materials design.
Proposals on Reform of Test Questions of Senior High School Entrance Examination and National College Entrance Examination Based on Educational Measurement
Authors: Wang Xudong
Published: June 2022

Question setting technology of senior high school entrance examination and national college entrance examination awaits some reform. on the basis of educational measurement principles.Following are seven proposals on such reform. for respective question types in the two examinations,for the reference of question originators.Firstly,the number of the correct choice(s) for choice questions can be made uncertain, disturbance options can be added,and point assigning can be conducted in accordance with different ratings.Secondly,multiple answers can be provided for certain blank-filling questions.Thirdly,redundant known conditions can be given for calculating questions,and points may be made respectively for different solutions.Fourthly,experiment questions shall attach greater importance to examining students’ abilities of assimilating and applying experimental methods,of questioning and detecting,and of exploring and innovating, as well as the rigorousness of their scientific attitude.Fifthly,some unnecessary,useless and even false information can be offered for question-and-answer questions.Sixth,self-selected topics can be set for composition writing,and assessing technology shall be optimized.Seventh,integrated interdisciplinary questions can be taken into the test.Eighth,audio questions can be added to test students’ hearing and observing abilities.
Historical Review and Prospect of Imperial Examination in the Past 30 Year
Authors: Yuan Jinshan
Published: June 2022

The studies of imperial examination was first proposed by Professor Liu Haifeng in 1992 with the publication of a series of articles,and ever since that time it has attracted extensive attention in the academic circles.The 30-year review of imperial examination research should be explored from such two aspects as its establishment and the development process,based on which the research results of imperial examination in the two aspects of representative work and content shall be sorted out.For the time being,the studies of imperial examination are gaining greater influence,the research scale of such studies is ever extending,the culture of imperial examination is growing more prevalent in the current society,and the impact of imperial examination research is being promoted from China to the world.
Russotürk: Soviet Foreign Investment and the Social History of the Early Turkish Republic
Authors: Bilgiç Erdal
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is to introduce and examine the story of Russotürk, which was established as a venture capital company that was established in 1924 with the collaboration of the Soviet Union and Turkey in Istanbul. Russotürk helped the Soviet Union during the 1920s to overcome the obstacles that were put on export goods in the foreign trade of the Russians as it was a joint-stock company. One of the most important tasks undertaken by the company is to promote and increase the export of Soviet goods in the Middle East and Balkan countries such as Turkey, Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and Greece, in which the Soviet Trade Representatives were not allowed to operate. Russotürk, which was trying to attract the attention of the Turkish bourgeoisie, could not prevent the company, with which they were dealing joint business Karadeniz firm, to become partners with White Russians. Thus, the White Russians were effective in the foreign trade of the Soviets until Russotürk was liquidated. Selling Soviet export goods below the average world prices and issuing import licenses in return are among the most criticized issues that the company encountered. Russotürk constantly competed with Arcos and other Soviet economic institutions. The most obvious indication of this competitive situation was the sales of the Soviet agricultural tools in the Turkish market. The founding officials of Russotürk, which had eventful and nontrivial establishment and closure, were tried in the Soviet courts. Russotürk completed its duty and ended its existence when 1927 trade agreement was signed among the Soviet Union and Turkey.