bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inline Raman Spectroscopy Provides Versatile Molecular Monitoring for Platelet Extracellular Vesicle Purification with Anion-Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Saari Heikki , Marttila Heli , Poranen Minna M. , Oksanen Hanna M. , Zini Jacopo , Laitinen Saara
Published: July 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are relatively recently discovered biological nanoparticles that mediate intercellular communication. The development of new methods for the isolation and characterization of EVs is crucial to support further studies on these small and structurally heterogenous vesicles. New scalable production methods are also needed to meet the needs of future therapeutic applications. A reliable inline detection method for the EV manufacturing process is needed to ensure reproducibility and to identify any possible variations in real time. Here, we demonstrate the use of an inline Raman detector in conjunction with anion exchange chromatography for the isolation of EVs from human platelets. Anion-exchange chromatography can be easily coupled with multiple inline detectors and provides an alternative to size-based methods for separating EVs from similar-sized impurities, such as lipoprotein particles. Raman spectroscopy enabled us to identify functional groups in EV samples and trace EVs and impurities in different stages of the process. Our results show a notable separation of impurities from the EVs during anion-exchange chromatography and demonstrate the power of inline Raman spectroscopy. Compared to conventional EV analysis methods, the inline Raman approach does not require hands-on work and can provide detailed, real-time information about the sample and the purification process.
Specific Compounds Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine Ameliorate Lipid-Induced Contractile Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Wang Fang , Neumann Dietbert , Kapsokalyvas Dimitris , Hoes Martijn F. , Schianchi Francesco , Glatz Jan F. C. , Nabben Miranda , Luiken Joost J. F. P.
Published: July 2024

Chronic lipid overconsumption, associated with the Western diet, causes excessive cardiac lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and contractile dysfunction, altogether termed lipotoxic cardiomyopathy (LCM). Existing treatments for LCM are limited. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been shown as beneficial in diabetes and its complications. The following compounds—Resveratrol, Quercetin, Berberine, Baicalein, and Isorhamnetin—derived from TCM and often used to treat type 2 diabetes. However, virtually nothing is known about their effects in the lipid-overexposed heart. Lipid-induced insulin resistance was generated in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and adult rat cardiomyocytes by 24 h exposure to high palmitate. Upon simultaneous treatment with each of the TCM compounds, we measured myocellular lipid accumulation, insulin-stimulated fatty acid and glucose uptake, phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK1/2, plasma membrane appearance of GLUT4 and CD36, and expression of oxidative stress-/inflammation-related genes and contractility. In lipid-overloaded cardiomyocytes, all the selected TCM compounds prevented lipid accumulation. These compounds also preserved insulin-stimulated CD36 and GLUT4 translocation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in an Akt-independent manner. Moreover, all the TCM compounds prevented and restored lipid-induced contractile dysfunction. Finally, some (not all) of the TCM compounds inhibited oxidative stress-related SIRT3 expression, and others reduced inflammatory TNFα expression. Their ability to restore CD36 trafficking makes all these TCM compounds attractive natural supplements for LCM treatment.
Anethole Prevents the Alterations Produced by Diabetes Mellitus in the Sciatic Nerve of Rats
Authors: Barbosa-Ferreira Bianca de Sousa , Silva Francisca Edilziane Rodrigues da , Gomes-Vasconcelos Yuri de Abreu , Joca Humberto Cavalcante , Coelho-de-Souza Andrelina Noronha , Ferreira-da-Silva Francisco Walber , Leal-Cardoso José Henrique , Silva-Alves Kerly Shamyra da
Published: July 2024

Anethole is a terpenoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuronal blockade effects, and the present work was undertaken to study the neuroprotective activity of anethole against diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced neuropathy. Streptozotocin-induced DM rats were used to investigate the effects of anethole treatment on morphological, electrophysiological, and biochemical alterations of the sciatic nerve (SN). Anethole partially prevented the mechanical hyposensitivity caused by DM and fully prevented the DM-induced decrease in the cross-sectional area of the SN. In relation to electrophysiological properties of SN fibers, DM reduced the frequency of occurrence of the 3rd component of the compound action potential (CAP) by 15%. It also significantly reduced the conduction velocity of the 1st and 2nd CAP components from 104.6 ± 3.47 and 39.8 ± 1.02 to 89.9 ± 3.03 and 35.4 ± 1.56 m/s, respectively, and increased the duration of the 2nd CAP component from 0.66 ± 0.04 to 0.82 ± 0.09 ms. DM also increases oxidative stress in the SN, altering values related to thiol, TBARS, SOD, and CAT activities. Anethole was capable of fully preventing all these DM electrophysiological and biochemical alterations in the nerve. Thus, the magnitude of the DM-induced neural effects seen in this work, and the prevention afforded by anethole treatment, place this compound in a very favorable position as a potential therapeutic agent for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Social Frailty Prevalence among Older People in Hong Kong
Authors: Montayre Jed , Kuo Kay , Leung Ka Man Carman
Published: July 2024

Background: The global increase in the ageing population underscores the importance of a holistic approach to gerontological research. Social frailty, a state of vulnerability, is a growing concern that significantly affects the well-being and health outcomes of older people. With Hong Kong projected to have the world’s largest ageing population by 2050, research on social frailty within this demographic is crucial. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of social frailty among older adults in Hong Kong and examine its association with demographic characteristics. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using data from an online survey on older adults in Hong Kong, yielding 200 respondents. The survey encompassed demographic details, the Social Frailty Scale (SFS-8), and health-related factors. Results: Participants were categorized into three groups: social non-frailty (SNF, 41.5%), social pre-frailty (SPF, 34.5%), and social frailty (SF, 24%). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that self-rated health status negatively correlates with social frailty (SF) (r = −0.19, p < 0.001) and the number of diagnosed health conditions (r = −0.29, p < 0.001) but positively correlates with education level (r = 0.14, p < 0.05). Notably, the SPF group exhibited the highest prevalence of high cholesterol, hypertension, visual impairments, and diabetes, followed by the SF and SNF groups. No significant relationship was found between gender and SF, the total number of diagnosed health conditions and SF, or individual chronic diseases and SF. Conclusion: This survey on social frailty among older people in Hong Kong found a higher prevalence of pre-frail and socially frail individuals compared to other regions. While many benefit from strong social support, socially pre-frail and socially frail individuals have reduced interactions, highlighting the importance of social connectedness. The higher incidence of social frailty, especially among the pre-frail, underscores the need to consider Hong Kong’s unique socio-cultural and economic contexts. As the first of its kind in the region, this study paves the way for further research and emphasizes the need for culturally appropriate assessment tools to better understand and address social frailty.
Case Series of First Microinvasive Fully Endoscopic Use of a New Mitral Prosthesis
Authors: Kruse Jacqueline , Silaschi Miriam , Russu Kristina , Kirschen Alina , Bakhtiary Farhad
Published: July 2024

The use of bioprostheses is increasing in younger patients, but it is associated with the risk of later valve deterioration, especially in the mitral position. A new bioprosthesis for mitral valve replacement offers possible longer-term durability and improved hemodynamics. Objectives: Here, we report the implantation of the novel Edwards MITRIS RESILIA mitral valve (Edwards Lifesciences Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) through microinvasive fully endoscopic access as an innovative surgical approach based on a series of twelve patients. Methods: Contrast-based ECG gated CT was preoperatively performed in all patients to determine the intravascular calcifications and vascular parameters, as well as to assess noticeable problems during the operation. CT software for cardiac interventions (3Mensio Medical Imaging BV) was used to simulate surgical prostheses digitally inside the native annulus. With this, a digital LVOT and neo LVOT was created, and the difference between the valve prostheses was measured. Implantation of the MITRIS RESILIA valve was performed in 12 patients according to the instructions for use through microinvasive access in a fully endoscopic fashion using 3D visualization. Results: The mean patient age was 56.50 years, and 7/12 (58.33%) were redo procedures. All patients survived the first 30 days after the procedure, the mean aortic cross-clamp time was 40.17 ± 13.72 min. and mean postoperative transvalvular gradient was 4.45 ± 1.74 mmHg. The neo LVOT in the CT-based simulation was measured with an average area of 414.98 ± 88.69 mm2. The average difference between the LVOT and neo LVOT area was 65.35 ± 34.99 mm2. There was no case of paravalvular leakage or obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. Conclusions: The novel MITRIS RESILIA valve is a promising new bioprosthesis for mitral valve replacement that offers improved features as compared to other prostheses. The ease of implantation is increased by this prosthesis by the improved pliability of the sewing cuff and the inward folding of the struts, which was confirmed by short operative times in our series.
360° Journalism and Empathy: Psychological Processes and Communication Outcomes
Authors: Pjesivac Ivanka , Ahn Sun Joo (Grace)
Published: July 2024

This study (N = 199) examined the impact of a 360° news coverage of the Iraqi war on cognitive and emotional empathy, and the mechanisms through which an audience’s empathic responses are enhanced, as well as the role of empathy in impacting perceptions of news credibility. We build on earlier studies on immersive journalism to provide a nuanced investigation on different dimensions of empathy and their impact on perceptions of news credibility. The findings demonstrated that, when compared to online news, 360° news led to greater spatial presence, cognitive and positive emotional empathy, as well as higher levels of perceived news credibility. Spatial presence mediated the relationship between news modality and empathy, while the impact of 360° news on empathy was contingent upon individual differences in dispositional empathy. The results are discussed in the context of immersive journalism theory and practice.
Synthesis of Pyridinium Moiety Containing Triazolyl Purines
Authors: Burcevs Aleksejs , Turks Māris , Novosjolova Irina
Published: July 2024

Pyridinium salts of 2-piperidinyl-6-triazolylpurine derivatives were obtained by the introduction of pyridinium moieties into the propane-1,3-diol fragment at the N(9) position of purine to enhance the solubility of 2-amino-6-triazolylpurine derivatives in water. Target structures were obtained using the tosylation of hydroxyl groups of 2-(6-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-9H-purin-9-yl)propane-1,3-diol, the subsequent introduction of pyridine, and ion exchange. The compounds were characterized using 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, FTIR, UV–Vis, and HRMS data.
The Influence of Lanthanum Admixture on Microstructure and Electrophysical Properties of Lead-Free Barium Iron Niobate Ceramics
Authors: Bochenek Dariusz , Brzezińska Dagmara , Niemiec Przemysław , Kozielski Lucjan
Published: July 2024

This article presents the research results of lead-free Ba1−3/2xLax(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (BFNxLa) ceramic materials doped with La (x = 0.00–0.06) obtained via the solid-state reaction method. The tests of the BFNxLa ceramic samples included structural (X-ray), morphological (SEM, EDS, EPMA), DC electrical conductivity, and dielectric measurements. For all BFNxLa ceramic samples, the X-ray tests revealed a perovskite-type cubic structure with the space group Pm3¯m. In the case of the samples with the highest amount of lanthanum, i.e., for x = 0.04 (BFN4La) and x = 0.06 (BFN6La), the X-ray analysis also showed a small amount of pyrochlore LaNbO4 secondary phase. In the microstructure of BFNxLa ceramic samples, the average grain size decreases with increasing La content, affecting their dielectric properties. The BFN ceramics show relaxation properties, diffusion phase transition, and very high permittivity at room temperature (56,750 for 1 kHz). The admixture of lanthanum diminishes the permittivity values but effectively reduces the dielectric loss and electrical conductivity of the BFNxLa ceramic samples. All BFNxLa samples show a Debye-like relaxation behavior at lower frequencies; the frequency dispersion of the dielectric constant becomes weaker with increasing admixtures of lanthanum. Research has shown that using an appropriate amount of lanthanum introduced to BFN can obtain high permittivity values while decreasing dielectric loss and electrical conductivity, which predisposes them to energy storage applications.
Fiber-Reinforced Equibiaxial Dielectric Elastomer Actuator for Out-of-Plane Displacement
Authors: Holzer Simon , Konstantinidi Stefania , Koenigsdorff Markus , Martinez Thomas , Civet Yoan , Gerlach Gerald , Perriard Yves
Published: July 2024

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have gained significant attention due to their potential in soft robotics and adaptive structures. However, their performance is often limited by their in-plane strain distribution and limited mechanical stability. We introduce a novel design utilizing fiber reinforcement to address these challenges. The fiber reinforcement provides enhanced mechanical integrity and improved strain distribution, enabling efficient energy conversion and out-of-plane displacement. We discuss an analytical model and the fabrication process, including material selection, to realize fiber-reinforced DEAs. Numerical simulations and experimental results demonstrate the performance of the fiber-reinforced equibiaxial DEAs and characterize their displacement and force capabilities. Actuators with four and eight fibers are fabricated with 100 μm and 200 μm dielectric thicknesses. A maximal out-of-plane displacement of 500 μm is reached, with a force of 0.18 N, showing promise for the development of haptic devices.
A Study of MgZnO Thin Film for Hydrogen Sensing Application
Authors: Lin Tien-Chai , Wu Jyun-Yan , Mendez Andres Joseph John , Salazar Nadir , Hsu Hao-Lin , Huang Wen-Chang
Published: July 2024

This research introduces a hydrogen sensor made from a thin film of magnesium zinc oxide (MgZnO) deposited using a technique called radiofrequency co-sputtering (RF co-sputtering). Separate magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) targets were used to deposit the MgZnO film, experimenting with different deposition times and power levels. The sensor performed best (reaching a sensing response of 2.46) when exposed to hydrogen at a concentration of 1000 parts per million (ppm). This peak performance occurred with a MgZnO film thickness of 432 nanometers (nm) at a temperature of 300 °C. Initially, the sensor’s responsiveness increased as the film thickness grew. This is because thicker films tend to have more oxygen vacancies, which are imperfections that play a role in the sensor’s function. However, further increases in film thickness beyond the optimal point harmed performance. This is attributed to the growth of grains within the film, which hindered its effectiveness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were employed to thoroughly characterize the quality of the MgZnO thin film. These techniques provided valuable insights into the film’s crystal structure and morphology, crucial factors influencing its performance as a hydrogen sensor.
Cyanotoxins in Epipelic and Epiphytic Cyanobacteria from a Hypersaline Coastal Lagoon, an Environmental Hazard in Climate Warming Times and a Potential Source of New Compounds
Authors: Gómez-Leyva Yerai , Torrecillas Alejandro , Aboal Marina
Published: July 2024

Cyanobacterial biodiversity and potential toxicity in coastal lagoons have barely been studied despite these transitional water systems being very important in conservation and for the preservation of economic resources. Most of these transitional systems have been affected by eutrophication, and climate change will severely affect them by promoting cyanobacteria growth, especially in Mediterranean areas. This study aims to characterize the diversity of epipelic and epiphytic cyanobacteria species in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon and their potential for toxins production (microcystins and saxitoxins). Strains were isolated and genetically identified. Toxins were extracted and quantified by LC/MS-MS. All the taxa belong to the former Oscillatoriales. The presence of Nodosilinea and Toxifilum is reported for the first time for Spanish waters, but Pseudanabaena, Phormidium, Geitlerinema and Synechococcus also formed part of benthic mats. All the strains contained Microcystin-YR (MC-YR), but saxitoxin (STX) was present only in the extracts of Nodosilinea and Pseudanabena. MC-LY, MC-LW and [D-Asp3] MC-LR were detected in the extracts of Synechococcus and MC-LF in Toxifilum, but at concentrations that did not permit quantification. Toxins production by epipelic and epiphytic strains in coastal lagoons may represent a hazard, but also an opportunity to obtain potentially interesting compounds that should be further studied.
A Rare Case of a Gigantic Retroperitoneal Schwannoma
Authors: Koruga Nenad , Kovačić Borna , Rončević Alen , Dmitrović Branko , Požgain Zrinka , Soldo Koruga Anamarija , Rotim Tatjana , Škiljić Sonja , Vinković Hrvoje , Turk Tajana
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Schwannomas (Schs) are benign tumor masses that rarely occur intra-abdominally and rarely reach larger diameters. When present, they occur as rare solitary nerve sheath tumors of peri-neural Schwann cells. Schwannoma mostly affects the nerves of the extremities, trunk, or the head and neck region. They are more common in female patients, mostly among patients between the third and fifth decade. They occur spontaneously but could also be found in association with a group of genetic autosomal dominant disorders called type 2. When present intra-abdominally, schwannomas grow slowly without significant clinical signs and symptoms. Clinical importance is presented in cases of occupying intra-abdominal space and impingement of surrounding structures, which causes intermittent pain. Only 0.5–5% of all retroperitoneal tumors are schwannomas and their malignant transformation is very rare. Case report: The authors present a case of a large intra-abdominal schwannoma in a 70-year-old female patient. She underwent CT scanning due to refractory left-sided subcostal pain, which revealed a large tumor mass in the left-sided hemiabdomen. Preoperative cytologic biopsy confirmed Sch. The patient underwent an MRI scan upon admission to our department, which revealed the origin of the tumor at the left-sided L3 level and intra-abdominal tumor spreading with the largest diameter of 25 cm. The patient underwent multidisciplinary surgical excision, confirmed by MRI scan in a period of five months postoperatively. Conclusions: Its rare presentation leads to the necessity to adequately evaluate such patients, especially to avoid any hidden diagnosis which might lead to further complications. The goal of a multidisciplinary approach should be emphasized as maintaining a good postsurgical condition without neurological deficits.
Effect of a Single Dose of Deflazacort on Postoperative Pain, Swelling, and Trismus after Impacted Lower Third Molar Surgery: Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Kaplan Volkan , Ciğerim Levent , Feslihan Erkan , Çınarsoy Ciğerim Saadet
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a single preoperative dose of deflazacort on pain, swelling, and trismus after impacted lower third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: This randomised, prospective, double-blind, split-mouth clinical study included 26 healthy individuals with bilaterally impacted lower third molars. Group 1 was given a placebo (single-dose vitamin C tablet), and group 2 was given a single 30 mg dose of deflazacort 1 h prior to surgery. Pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale for 1 week postoperatively. Oedema (in mm) and trismus (in mm) were evaluated preoperatively and on postoperative days 2 and 7. The Mann–Whitney U test was applied for group analyses. p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the deflazacort group at the 6th and 12th hours after surgery (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in trismus between the groups at any time point (p > 0.05). There was less oedema in the deflazacort group on postoperative days 2 and 7, without any statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A single preoperative dose of 30 mg deflazacort was found to be clinically effective in reducing pain and oedema after extraction of impacted lower third molars.
The Mass Spectrometric Ortho Effect for Distinguishing the Coeluting Isomers of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and the Coeluting Isomers of Polybrominated Biphenyls: Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects
Authors: Masci Maurizio
Published: July 2024

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are persistent organic pollutants still widespread in the environment and in the food chain. Both groups of these synthetic xenobiotics consist of 209 possible congeners depending on the number and position of halogens. PCBs with the same number of chlorine atoms and PBBs with the same number of bromine atoms are isomers: ten different degrees of halogenation are allowed, which results in a lot of existing isomers for both groups. The isomers have perfect correspondence in the number and type of atoms with differences only in positioning, so their mass spectra are expected to be identical with a consequent significant analytical problem in the event of coelution of the chromatographic peaks. This is not always the case, since the mass spectrometric ortho effect is capable of effectively discriminating many coeluting PCB or PBB isomers, although not all possible ones. The present paper investigates, for the first time, the reliability of qualitative and quantitative analysis by using the ortho effect: this was conducted through targeted experimental measurements on real samples of food by using different detectors. In this context, it is shown how to recognize the presence of a PCB that does not have the ortho effect when coeluting with an isomer that has. This is an important aspect that has never been studied until now. The ortho effect is extremely simple to operate once the ordinary GC-MS runs have been performed: the analyst only needs to recheck the mass spectrum for measuring the intensity of the first dehalogenation ion. The topic is of practical relevance since two different isomers can have different health hazards, and the presence of a very toxic isomer could be masked by a less toxic one. The same mass spectrometric ortho effect also deals with PXBs (i.e., mixed poly-brominated/chlorinated biphenyls), which are emerging contaminants.
The Neuroimmunological Nexus of Multiple Sclerosis: Deciphering the Microglial Transcriptomic Tapestry
Authors: Jha Akanksha , Kumar Hemant
Published: July 2024

Microglia are poorly understood immune cells of the central nervous system that play a determining role in the progression of multiple sclerosis. With the advent of genomic techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, a more comprehensive understanding of microglia at the transcriptomic level has uncovered various disease-specific clusters, context-dependent heterogeneity, and region-specific microglia, unlocking the recondite secrets embedded within these glial cells. These techniques have raised questions regarding the conventional and widely accepted categorization of microglia as M1 and M2 phenotypes. The neuroimmune component of multiple sclerosis, which is the microglia, makes it a complex and challenging disease. This review aims to demystify the complexities of microglia in multiple sclerosis, providing a vivid map of different clusters and subclusters of microglia found in multiple sclerosis and outlining the current knowledge of the distinctive roles of microglia. Also, this review highlights the neuroimmune interaction with microglia as the epicenter and how they act as sabotaging agents. Moreover, this will provide a more comprehensive direction toward a treatment approach focusing on local, region-specific microglia.
Effects of Very Low-Calorie Diet versus Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Body Composition in Patients with Obesity
Authors: Saiyalam Chanawit , Shantavasinkul Prapimporn Chattranukulchai , Chirnaksorn Supphamat , Rattanakaemakorn Ploysyne , Taonam Naphat , Rodphech Vorachat , Putadechakum Supanee , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Sirivarasai Jintana , Ongphiphadhanakul Boonsong , Sumritpradit Preeda
Published: July 2024

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most effective treatment for severe obesity. A very low-calorie diet (VLCD) is another effective dietary intervention to treat obesity. This study evaluated the effect of a VLCD versus RYGB on weight reduction, changes in body composition and the resolution of comorbidities during a 12-week period. Individuals with obesity at the obesity clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 37.5 kg/m2 or ≥32.5 kg/m2 with obesity-related complications were recruited. Treatment options, either RYGB or VLCD, were assigned depending on patients’ preferences and physicians’ judgment. The analysis included 16 participants in the RYGB group and 15 participants in the VLCD group. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups; nevertheless, the participants in the VLCD group were significantly younger than those in the RYGB group. The number of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) was slightly higher in the RYGB group (43.8% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.552). Additionally, patients in the RYGB group had a longer duration of T2D and were treated with anti-diabetic agents, while VLCD patients received only lifestyle modifications. At 12 weeks, total and percentage weight loss in the RYGB and VLCD groups, respectively, were as follows: −17.6 ± 6.0 kg vs. −15.6 ± 5.1 kg (p = 0.335) and −16.2% ± 4.3% vs. −14.1% ± 3.6% (p = 0.147). Changes in biochemical data and the resolution of comorbidities were similar between the groups at 12 weeks. A 12-week VLCD resulted in similar weight loss and metabolic improvement compared with RYGB. Large-scale studies with long follow-up periods are needed to elucidate whether VLCD is a viable alternative treatment to bariatric surgery.
Antrodia camphorata Supplementation during Early Life Alters Gut Microbiota and Inhibits Young-Onset Intestinal Tumorigenesis in APC1638N Mice Later in Life
Authors: Lin Tingchun , Daddi Lauren , Tang Ying , Zhou Yanjiao , Liu Buping , Moore Matthew D. , Liu Zhenhua
Published: July 2024

Young-onset colorectal cancer is an increasing concern worldwide due to the growing prevalence of Westernized lifestyles in childhood and adolescence. Environmental factors during early life, particularly early-life nutrition, significantly contribute to the increasing incidence. Recently, there have been reports of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer, of a unique fungus (Antrodia camphorate, AC) native to Taiwan. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of AC supplementation in early life on the development of young-onset intestinal tumorigenesis. APC1638N mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HF) at 4–12 weeks of age, which is equivalent to human childhood/adolescence, before switching to a normal maintenance diet for an additional 12 weeks up to 24 weeks of age, which is equivalent to young to middle adulthood in humans. Our results showed that the body weight in the HF groups significantly increased after 8 weeks of feeding (p < 0.05). Following a switch to a normal maintenance diet, the change in body weight persisted. AC supplementation significantly suppressed tumor incidence and multiplicity in females (p < 0.05) and reduced IGF-1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling (p < 0.05). Moreover, it altered the gut microbiota, suppressed inflammatory responses, and created a microenvironment towards suppressing tumorigenesis later in life.
Difference in Body Composition Patterns between Age Groups in Italian Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: When BMI Becomes a Misleading Tool in Nutritional Settings
Authors: De Lorenzo Antonino , Itani Leila , El Ghoch Marwan , Gualtieri Paola , Frank Giulia , Raffaelli Glauco , Pellegrini Massimo , Di Renzo Laura
Published: July 2024

Little is known about the changes in body composition (BC) in people with overweight or obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in BC patterns in this population based on gender and age. A total of 2844 Italian adults of mixed gender and a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2 underwent a BC assessment by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The sample was categorized into three age groups: ‘young’ (20–39 years), ‘middle’ (40–59 years), and ‘older’ (60–80 years) adults, after being matched by body weight and BMI. Males showed higher total body fat percentage (BF%) and a lower total lean mass (LM), progressively from the young to the middle to the older age groups, while females showed similar values for these total compartments between the three age groups. However, in both genders, participants in the middle and older groups were more likely to have a higher trunk fat percentage by +1.23% to +4.21%, and lower appendicular lean mass (ALM) by −0.81 kg to −2.63 kg with respect to the young group, indicating expression of major central adiposity and sarcopenia. While our findings underscore the limitations of BMI to detect these differences between age groups, the identification of new tools suitable for this aim is greatly needed in this population. Moreover, further investigation that clarifies the impact of these differences in BC patterns between gender and age groups on health outcomes is also required.
Effects of a Dietary Microalgae (Arthrospira platensis) Supplement on Stress, Well-Being, and Performance in Water Polo Players: A Clinical Case Series
Authors: La Mantia Ignazio , Maniaci Antonino , Scibilia Giuseppe , Scollo Paolo
Published: July 2024

Background: A common tactic used by athletes to improve performance, lessen tiredness, and hasten recovery is dietary supplementation. We aimed to assess the role of a microalgae dietary liquid supplement additivated with Copper 22.5% NRV in water polo players’ performance. Methods: Twenty male water polo players were split into two groups: ten (spirulina group) took a twice-daily nutritional supplement containing 15 mL of spirulina liquid extract (titrated in Phycocyanin 1 mg/mL) and additivated with Copper 22.5% NRV for eight weeks, and ten (the placebo group) did not take the supplement. Subjective evaluations were finished using the Athlete’s Subjective Performance Scale (ASPS). Levels of the biomarker creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were also assessed. Results: The spirulina group’s mean total ASPS score increased significantly from baseline to follow-up and was significantly better than that of the placebo group (p < 0.001). Conversely, ASPS ratings in the placebo group slightly decreased. A positive correlation between spirulina supplementation and less severe ASPS was found using correlation matrix analysis. However, there was a slight difference in CPK levels from the baseline to the follow-up in the spirulina group. Conclusions: A dietary supplement comprising spirulina and copper may help water polo players’ subjective performance measurements by lowering muscular tension. Larger, randomized controlled trials are yet required.
The Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods Is Associated with Abdominal Obesity in Individuals on Hemodialysis in Brazil
Authors: Gering Sara Jarske , Martins Cleodice Alves , Marques Nina Mara Paterlini , Cattafesta Monica , da Cunha Alexandre Cardoso , Soares Fabíola Lacerda Pires , Santos Neto Edson Theodoro dos , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani
Published: July 2024

The consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with abdominal obesity, but this association has not yet been investigated in individuals on hemodialysis. This cross-sectional study, developed with 1014 individuals, aimed to analyze the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its association with the consumption of ultra-processed foods in individuals on hemodialysis in Brazil. The consumption of ultra-processed foods was measured using a questionnaire, whose list of foods was based on the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases through Telephone Enquiry. Waist circumference was used to determine the presence of abdominal obesity. The difference in proportions between the independent variables and the outcome was verified using Pearson’s chi-square test. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to determine the association between the outcome and the independent variables. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 77.22%. In the final model, higher levels of consumption of ultra-processed foods, being male and an adult, having between 8 and 11 years of schooling, and practicing physical activity below the recommended level increased the chances of having abdominal obesity. This research provides a basis for the creation and improvement of public policies that promote improvements in these health determinants.
Parkia javanica Edible Pods Reveal Potential as an Anti-Diabetic Agent: UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-Based Chemical Profiling, In Silico, In Vitro, In Vivo, and Oxidative Stress Studies
Authors: Sarkar Alekhya , Chakrabarti Arjita , Bhaumik Samhita , Debnath Bimal , Singh Shiv Shankar , Ghosh Rajat , Zaki Magdi E. A. , Al-Hussain Sami A. , Debnath Sudhan
Published: July 2024

According to the World Health Organization, over 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, with the majority residing in low- and middle-income countries. Diabetes causes 1.5 million fatalities a year. The number of diabetes cases and its prevalence have progressively increased over the last few decades. This study aims to determine the phytochemicals in the edible part of Perkia javanica, predict their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential, one of the promising targets for diabetes, and then carry out in vitro and in vivo studies. The phytochemicals present in the n-butanol fraction of the methanol extract of P. javanica pods were analyzed using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS (Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry). The UHPLC-QTOF analysis revealed the presence of 79 different compounds in the n-butanol fraction. Among these, six compounds demonstrated excellent binding affinities with α-glucosidase, surpassing the performance of two standard inhibitors, Miglitol and Voglibose. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were assessed by the n-butanol fraction, followed by in vivo studies. According to the in vitro study, the inhibitory efficiency against α-glucosidase was determined to have an IC50 value of 261.9 µg/mL. The in vivo findings revealed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in Swiss albino mice treated with the same extract, decreasing from 462.66 mg/dL to 228.66 mg/dL. Additionally, the extract significantly increased the activity of the enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and kidney tissue. The predicted physicochemical parameters indicated that most of the compounds would be excreted from the body after inhibition in the small intestine without being absorbed. Considering the low cost and wide availability of raw materials, P. javanica pods can serve as a good food supplement that may help prevent type 2 diabetes management.
Exploring the Mechanism of Asiatic Acid against Atherosclerosis Based on Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and Experimental Verification
Authors: Wu Zhihao , Yang Luyin , Wang Rong , Yang Jie , Liang Pan , Ren Wei , Yu Hong
Published: July 2024

Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene derived from the traditional medicine Centella asiatica. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-regulating properties. Though previous studies have suggested its potential therapeutic benefits for atherosclerosis, its pharmacological mechanism is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of AA in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Therefore, network pharmacology was employed to uncover the mechanism by which AA acts as an anti-atherosclerotic agent. Furthermore, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and in vitro experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanism of AA’s anti-atherosclerotic effects. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated a strong affinity between AA and PPARγ. Further MD simulations demonstrated the favorable stability of AA-PPARγ protein complexes. In vitro experiments demonstrated that AA can dose-dependently inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. This effect may be mediated through the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. This research underscores anti-inflammation as a crucial biological process in AA treatments for atherosclerosis, with PPARγ potentially serving as a key target.
Stimulating the Antitumor Immune Response Using Immunocytokines: A Preclinical and Clinical Overview
Authors: Boersma Bart , Poinot Hélène , Pommier Aurélien
Published: July 2024

Cytokines are immune modulators which can enhance the immune response and have been proven to be an effective class of immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the clinical use of cytokines in cancer treatment has faced several challenges associated with poor pharmacokinetic properties and the occurrence of adverse effects. Immunocytokines (ICKs) have emerged as a promising approach to overcome the pharmacological limitations observed with cytokines. ICKs are fusion proteins designed to deliver cytokines in the tumor microenvironment by taking advantage of the stability and specificity of immunoglobulin-based scaffolds. Several technological approaches have been developed. This review focuses on ICKs designed with the most impactful cytokines in the cancer field: IL-2, TNFα, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IFNγ, GM-CSF, and IFNα. An overview of the pharmacological effects of the naked cytokines and ICKs tested for cancer therapy is detailed. A particular emphasis is given on the immunomodulatory effects of ICKs associated with their technological design. In conclusion, this review highlights active ways of development of ICKs. Their already promising results observed in clinical trials are likely to be improved with the advances in targeting technologies such as cytokine/linker engineering and the design of multispecific antibodies with tumor targeting and immunostimulatory functional properties.
Long-Circulating and Brain-Targeted Liposomes Loaded with Isoliquiritigenin: Formation, Characterization, Pharmacokinetics, and Distribution
Authors: Song Weitong , Bai Lu , Xu Pingxiang , Zhao Yuming , Zhou Xuelin , Xiong Jie , Li Xiaorong , Xue Ming
Published: July 2024

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) has excellent neuroprotective effects. However, its limitations, including poor solubility, low bioavailability, and low accumulation in the brain, restrict its clinical promotion. In this study, a novel type of ISL-loaded liposome (ISL-LP) modified with the brain-targeting polypeptide angiopep-2 was prepared to improve these properties. The zeta potential, morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, and in vitro release of ISL-LP were evaluated. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ISL and ISL-LP were also investigated. The results demonstrated that ISL-LP had an average particle size of 89.36 ± 5.04 nm, a polymer dispersity index of 0.17 ± 0.03, a zeta potential of −20.27 ± 2.18 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 75.04 ± 3.28%. The in vitro release experiments indicate that ISL-LP is a desirable sustained-release system. After intravenous administration, LPC-LP prolonged the circulation time of ISL in vivo and enhanced its relative brain uptake. In conclusion, ISL-LP could serve as a promising brain-targeting system for the treatment and prevention of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Wrinkle Reduction Using Tetrapeptide-68 Contained in an O/W Formulation: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Lee Sung-Gyu , Kang Sang-Moon , Kang Hyun
Published: July 2024

Peptides, composed of 2–50 amino acids, have gained attention in anti-aging treatments due to their high safety, low irritation, and cost-effective production. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of Tetrapeptide-68, derived from the skin structural protein Loricrin, on periorbital wrinkles in women aged 30–65 years. A 12-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 25 participants who applied the Tetrapeptide-68 (100 ppm) O/W formulation around the eyes. Skin physiological parameters were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Participants also completed efficacy and usability questionnaires. Significant improvements in wrinkle reduction were observed with Tetrapeptide-68 cream treatment, as measured by various skin roughness parameters and 3D imaging analysis. Participants reported positive changes in skin texture and moisture levels, with no adverse reactions noted. Tetrapeptide-68 cream demonstrates promising anti-wrinkle effects, highlighting its potential as an effective ingredient in anti-aging skincare formulations. Further studies are recommended to explore its long-term benefits and underlying mechanisms.
3D–2D Crossover and Phase Shift of Beats of Quantum Oscillations of Interlayer Magnetoresistance in Quasi-2D Metals
Authors: Mogilyuk Taras I. , Grigoriev Pavel D. , Kochev Vladislav D. , Volokhov Ivan S. , Polishchuk Ilya Y.
Published: July 2024

Magnetic quantum oscillations (MQOs) are traditionally applied to investigate the electronic structure of metals. In layered quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) materials, the MQOs have several qualitative features, offering additional helpful information, provided their theoretical description is developed. Within the framework of the Kubo formula and the self-consistent Born approximation, we reconsider the phase of the beats in the amplitude of the Shubnikov oscillations of the interlayer conductivity in Q2D metals. We show that the phase shift of the beats of the Shubnikov (conductivity) oscillations relative to the de Haas–van Alphen (magnetization) oscillations is larger than woud be expected and, under certain conditions, can reach the value of π/2, as observed experimentally. We explain the phase inversion of the MQOs during the 3D–2D crossover and predict the decrease in the relative MQO amplitude of the interlayer magnetoresistance in a strong magnetic field, larger than the beat frequency.
Sustainability in the Development of Natural Pigment-Based Colour Masterbatches and Their Application in Biopolymers
Authors: Ibáñez-García Ana , Berbegal-Pina Raquel , Vidal Rosario , Martínez-García Asunción
Published: July 2024

This article is focused on the development and characterization of a series of biodegradable and eco-friendly colour masterbatches (MBs), based on natural pigments and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS). Four commercial natural pigments were used, spirulina, curcumin, beetroot and chlorophyllin, to develop the colour masterbatches using a twin-screw extruder. The natural pigment-based MBs were added at 2, 4 and 6 wt%, as additives to study the effect on the properties of injected biodegradable parts (PLA and PBS). The injected samples were characterized in terms of their mechanical (tensile and Charpy impact tests) and visual properties (according to CieLab). In addition, the ageing of the coloured material was followed by colorimetric analysis after its exposure under a Xenon lamp. The mechanical results showed that the addition of coloured masterbatches in different percentages (2–6 wt%) did not significantly change the properties of the materials with respect to the as-received ones. A noticeable colour difference in the injected samples was observed after the first 50 h of artificial light exposure. Regarding environmental concerns, the study showed that the carbon footprint of natural pigments and electricity consumption during extrusion and pelletizing were lower.
Surface Fouling Characterization Methods for Polymeric Membranes Using a Short Experimental Study
Authors: Yanar Numan , Park Shinyun , Yang Eunmok , Choi Heechul
Published: July 2024

Membrane surface fouling has always been a critical issue for the long-term operation of polymeric membranes. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new approaches to prevent fouling. While developing new approaches, characterization methods are greatly important for understanding the distribution of fouling on the membrane surface. In this work, a cellulose acetate membrane was fouled by the filtration of artificial wastewater based on alginate. The surfaces of fouled membranes were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and white light interferometry (WLI). The results were then compared in terms of the resolution, accuracy, feasibility, and cost-efficiency.
Fractionation of Aerosols by Particle Size and Material Composition Using a Classifying Aerodynamic Lens
Authors: Masuhr Matthias , Kruis Frank Einar
Published: July 2024

The fractionation of airborne particles based on multiple characteristics is becoming increasingly significant in various industrial and research sectors, including mining and recycling. Recent developments aim to characterize and fractionate particles based on multiple properties simultaneously. This study investigates the fractionation of a technical aerosol composed of a mixture of micron-sized copper and silicon particles by size and material composition using a classifying aerodynamic lens (CAL) setup. Particle size distribution and material composition are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for samples collected from the feed stream (upstream of CAL) and product stream (downstream of CAL) at varying operational pressures. The experimental findings generally agree with the predictions of an analytical fractionation model but also point to the importance of particle shape as a third fractionation property. Moreover, the results suggest that material-based fractionation is efficient at low operational pressures, even when the aerodynamic properties of the particle species are similar. This finding could have significant implications for industries where precise particle fractionation is crucial.