bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Figure S5 from Th17 Cells Secrete TWEAK to Trigger Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Promote Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Xin , Yang Qingxia , Luo Li , Liu Ziqin , Ren Xiaoxue , Lei Kai , Li Shangru , Xie Zonglin , Zheng Gaomin , Zhang Yifan , Hao Yijie , Zhou Qianying , Hou Yingdong , Fang Fei , Song Wu , Cui Ji , Ma Jinping , Xie Wenxuan , Shen Shunli , Tang Ce , Peng Sui , Yu Jun , Kuang Ming , Song Xinming , Wang Fang , Xu Lixia
Published: April 2024

Figure S5. Dynamic change of tumor cells from primary to metastatic lesions.
Figure S1 from Th17 Cells Secrete TWEAK to Trigger Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Promote Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Xin , Yang Qingxia , Luo Li , Liu Ziqin , Ren Xiaoxue , Lei Kai , Li Shangru , Xie Zonglin , Zheng Gaomin , Zhang Yifan , Hao Yijie , Zhou Qianying , Hou Yingdong , Fang Fei , Song Wu , Cui Ji , Ma Jinping , Xie Wenxuan , Shen Shunli , Tang Ce , Peng Sui , Yu Jun , Kuang Ming , Song Xinming , Wang Fang , Xu Lixia
Published: April 2024

Figure S1. Cell annotations of mCRC scRNA-seq dataset.
Table S1 from ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts
Authors: Hu Bomiao , Wiesehöfer Marc , de Miguel Fernando J. , Liu Zongzhi , Chan Lok-Hei , Choi Jungmin , Melnick Mary Ann , Arnal Estape Anna , Walther Zenta , Zhao Dejian , Lopez-Giraldez Francesc , Wurtz Anna , Cai Guoping , Fan Rong , Gettinger Scott , Xiao Andrew , Yan Qin , Homer Robert , Nguyen Don X. , Politi Katerina
Published: April 2024

Patient Information
Supplementary Figure S4 from Tumor Cell–Intrinsic p38 MAPK Signaling Promotes IL1α-Mediated Stromal Inflammation and Therapeutic Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Singh Samara P. , Dosch Austin R. , Mehra Siddharth , De Castro Silva Iago , Bianchi Anna , Garrido Vanessa T. , Zhou Zhiqun , Adams Andrew , Amirian Haleh , Box Edmond W. , Sun Xiaodian , Ban Yuguang , Datta Jashodeep , Nagathihalli Nagaraj S. , Merchant Nipun B.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Data for figure 3
Data from ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts
Authors: Hu Bomiao , Wiesehöfer Marc , de Miguel Fernando J. , Liu Zongzhi , Chan Lok-Hei , Choi Jungmin , Melnick Mary Ann , Arnal Estape Anna , Walther Zenta , Zhao Dejian , Lopez-Giraldez Francesc , Wurtz Anna , Cai Guoping , Fan Rong , Gettinger Scott , Xiao Andrew , Yan Qin , Homer Robert , Nguyen Don X. , Politi Katerina
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The majority of EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinomas respond well to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, most of these responses are partial, with drug-tolerant residual disease remaining even at the time of maximal response. This residual disease can ultimately lead to relapses, which eventually develop in most patients. To investigate the cellular and molecular properties of residual tumor cells in vivo, we leveraged patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Subcutaneous EGFR mutant PDXs were treated with the third-generation TKI osimertinib until maximal tumor regression. Residual tissue inevitably harbored tumor cells that were transcriptionally distinct from bulk pretreatment tumor. Single-cell transcriptional profiling provided evidence of cells matching the profiles of drug-tolerant cells present in the pretreatment tumor. In one of the PDXs analyzed, osimertinib treatment caused dramatic transcriptomic changes that featured upregulation of the neuroendocrine lineage transcription factor ASCL1. Mechanistically, ASCL1 conferred drug tolerance by initiating an epithelial-to-mesenchymal gene-expression program in permissive cellular contexts. This study reveals fundamental insights into the biology of drug tolerance, the plasticity of cells through TKI treatment, and why specific phenotypes are observed only in certain tumors.
Significance:
Analysis of residual disease following tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment identified heterogeneous and context-specific mechanisms of drug tolerance in lung cancer that could lead to the development of strategies to forestall drug resistance.

See related commentary by Rumde and Burns, p. 1188
A Path to Persistence after EGFR Inhibition
Authors: Rumde Purva H. , Burns Timothy F.
Published: April 2024

Residual cancer cells persist even after targeted therapies, serving as a reservoir for the subsequent acquisition of genetic alterations that lead to acquired drug resistance and tumor relapse. These initial drug-tolerant persisters (DTP) are phenotypically heterogenous with transient phenotypes attributed to epigenetic, metabolic, and cell-cycle changes. DTPs are responsible for the inevitable relapse seen in EGFR-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) despite high initial response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. While past in vitro studies identified diverse drivers of drug-tolerant persistence to EGFR TKIs in NSCLC, the resultant phenotypic plasticity is not well understood and in vivo models of persistence are lacking. In this issue of Cancer Research, Hu and colleagues used patient-derived xenograft models of EGFR-mutant lung cancer treated with the third-generation TKI osimertinib to investigate mechanisms of persistence at the time of maximal response. Using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, the authors identified a DTP transcriptional cluster mediated by the key neuroendocrine lineage transcription factor ASCL1, which triggers an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcriptional program. ASCL1 overexpression increased osimertinib tolerance in vitro as well, apparently independent of its role in neuroendocrine differentiation. Interestingly, the ability of ASCL1 to induce persistence was context dependent as this occurred only in epigenetically permissive cells. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of DTP heterogeneity seen after osimertinib treatment and provide insights into potential therapeutic targets.

See related article by Hu et al., p. 1303
Supplemental Table 2 from ERBB3 Overexpression is Enriched in Diverse Patient Populations with Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer and is Associated with a Unique AR Activity Signature
Authors: Vellky Jordan E. , Kirkpatrick Brenna J. , Gutgesell Lisa C. , Morales Mathias , Brown Ryan M. , Wu Yaqi , Maienschein-Cline Mark , Notardonato Lucia D. , Weinfeld Michael S. , Nguyen Ryan H. , Brister Eileen , Sverdlov Maria , Liu Li , Xu Ziqiao , Kregel Steven , Nonn Larisa , Vander Griend Donald J. , Reizine Natalie M.
Published: April 2024

Supplemental Table 2. Prevalence of Black/AA/AFR Patients in Consolidated RNA-seq Datasets.
Supplementary Table S8 from A Phase I Study of Acapatamab, a Half-life Extended, PSMA-Targeting Bispecific T-cell Engager for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dorff Tanya , Horvath Lisa G. , Autio Karen , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Rettig Matthew B. , Machiels Jean-Pascal , Bilen Mehmet A. , Lolkema Martijn P. , Adra Nabil , Rottey Sylvie , Greil Richard , Matsubara Nobuaki , Tan Daniel S.W. , Wong Alvin , Uemura Hiroji , Lemech Charlotte , Meran Johannes , Yu Youfei , Minocha Mukul , McComb Mason , Penny Hweixian Leong , Gupta Vinita , Hu Xuguang , Jurida Gabor , Kouros-Mehr Hosein , Janát-Amsbury Margit M. , Eggert Tobias , Tran Ben
Published: April 2024

List of dose-limiting toxicities
Supplementary Figure S2 from Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Combination with Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for Glioblastoma
Authors: Habashy Karl J. , Dmello Crismita , Chen Li , Arrieta Victor A. , Kim Kwang-Soo , Gould Andrew , Youngblood Mark W. , Bouchoux Guillaume , Burdett Kirsten B. , Zhang Hui , Canney Michael , Stupp Roger , Sonabend Adam M.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure 2. Human glioma cell lines exhibit variable responses to paclitaxel and carboplatin. 
(A) Dose-response curves showing the response to PTX (blue) and CBDCA (red) in human cell lines. (B) Bar chart showing the maximal efficacy (Emax) of PTX and CBDCA against human glioma cell lines. 
Supplementary Figure S7 from Germline Mutations of Holliday Junction Resolvase Genes in Multiple Primary Malignancies Involving Lung Cancer Lead to PARP Inhibitor Sensitization
Authors: Wang Haoran , Chen Yuping , Wang Xinshu , Huang Binhao , Xie Juntao , Yin Hui , Yang Jie , Wu Jinhuan , Yuan Jian , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S7: Construction of CDX and PDO models.
Supplementary Table S1 from A B7-H4–Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate Shows Antitumor Activity in PARPi and Platinum-Resistant Cancers with B7-H4 Expression
Authors: Gitto Sarah B. , Whicker Margaret , Davies Gareth , Kumar Sushil , Kinneer Krista , Xu Haineng , Lewis Arthur , Mamidi Srinivas , Medvedev Sergey , Kim Hyoung , Anderton Judith , Tang E. Jessica , Ferman Benjamin , Coats Steven , Wilkinson Robert W. , Brown Eric , Powell Daniel J. , Simpkins Fiona
Published: April 2024

Summary of tumor cell line characteristics.
Supplementary Figure 6 from RAS/RAF Comutation and ERBB2 Copy Number Modulates HER2 Heterogeneity and Responsiveness to HER2-directed Therapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Singh Harshabad , Sahgal Pranshu , Kapner Kevin , Corsello Steven M. , Gupta Hersh , Gujrathi Rahul , Li Yvonne Y. , Cherniack Andrew D. , El Alam Raquelle , Kerfoot Joseph , Andrews Elizabeth , Lee Annette , Nambiar Chetan , Hannigan Alison M. , Remland Joshua , Brais Lauren , Leahy Meghan E. , Rubinson Douglas A. , Schlechter Benjamin L. , Meyerson Matthew , Kuang Yanan , Paweletz Cloud P. , Lee Jessica K. , Quintanilha Julia C.F. , Aguirre Andrew J. , Perez Kimberly J. , Huffman Brandon M. , Rossi Humberto , Abrams Thomas A. , Kabraji Sheheryar , Trusolino Livio , Bertotti Andrea , Sicinska Ewa T. , Parikh Aparna R. , Wolpin Brian M. , Schrock Alexa B. , Giannakis Marios , Ng Kimmie , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Hornick Jason L. , Sethi Nilay S. , Cleary James M.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure 6. Generation of HER2 overexpressing CRC cell lines with endogenous KRAS mutations.
Supplementary Table S1 from Safety Profile and Adverse Event Management for Futibatinib, An Irreversible FGFR1–4 Inhibitor: Pooled Safety Analysis of 469 Patients
Authors: Meric-Bernstam Funda , Hollebecque Antoine , Furuse Junji , Oh Do-Youn , Bridgewater John A. , Shimura Masashi , Anderson Bailey , Hangai Nanae , Wacheck Volker , Goyal Lipika
Published: April 2024

Hyperphosphatemia grading by serum phosphate levels
Abstract P29: GSTT2 AND THE RESPONSE TO BCG IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: Patwardhan Mugdha , Toh Kane , Chiong Edmund , Mahendran Ratha
Published: April 2024

Whilst M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy remains the gold-standard for treatment of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (BC), 30-40% of patients fail therapy, resulting in disease recurrence and progression. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of BCG therapy can aid in revealing key response pathways, which may lead to the discovery of new targets, and in turn new approaches to treat BC. The glutathione-S-transferase theta 2 (GSTT2) gene is a member of the GST family. Loss of GSTT2 expression has been associated with modulation of intracellular ROS and BCG survival in BC cell lines. Retrospective analysis of BC patients revealed that patients with the GSTT2B deletion responded better to fewer instillations of BCG.

To understand these responses, wild-type (WT) and GSTT2-knockout (KO) mice were implanted with MB49-PSA BC cells, in subcutaneous and orthotopic settings. Once tumors were established, the mice were treated with four weekly BCG instillations, after which the subcutaneous tumors and bladders were harvested for downstream analysis.

Single-cell RNA sequencing of whole-bladders was used to identify specific cell clusters within the bladder, and to analyze differential gene expression. Hmga2, Ahnak and Peak1 were found to be differentially expressed in bladders from WT and GSTT2-KO mice. These genes are known to be involved in pro- and anti-tumorigenic pathways such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR analysis in the subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors revealed differences in the expression of immune-related genes, especially markers of immune exhaustion such as PD-L1 and CTLA-4. Flow cytometry analysis of subcutaneous tumors also revealed differences in T-cell infiltration.

Thus, loss of GSTT2 may influence the response to BCG therapy, through modulating downstream signaling pathways and immune responses. Elucidating such pathways can lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of BCG and its role as a therapy for BC.

Citation Format: Mugdha Patwardhan, Kane Toh, Edmund Chiong, Ratha Mahendran. GSTT2 AND THE RESPONSE TO BCG IMMUNOTHERAPY [abstract]. In: Proceedings of Frontiers in Cancer Science; 2023 Nov 6-8; Singapore. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(8_Suppl):Abstract nr P29.
Abstract P41: Ex vivo Drug Testing Identifies a Novel Drug Pair in Targeting STS
Authors: Chan Sharon Pei Yi , Wong Wai Yee , Ismail Nur Nadiah , Luo Baiwen , Chen Benjamin Jieming , Phua Brandon Xuan Ming , Woo Xing Yi , Toh Tan Boon , Chow Edward Kai-Hua , Yang Valerie Shiwen
Published: April 2024

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a highly heterogeneous collection of tumors that arise from primitive mesenchymal cells. Due to a reliance on cytotoxic chemotherapy as standard of care, survival outcomes for advanced STS patients remain poor. While efforts to understand sarcomagenesis have revealed potential biomarkers, the diversity of STS subtypes and interpatient tumour heterogeneity has led to the lack of effective molecular targeted therapies available. Given the uniquely individualized nature of STS, we hypothesize that the application of an experimental-analytics method, Quadratic Phenotypic Optimization Platform (QPOP), towards primary STS patient samples can improve identification of patient-specific drug combinations. Across a total of 45 patient samples collected, QPOP identified a novel drug pair as most frequently top-ranked, outperforming standard of care ifosfamide and doxorubicin. Interestingly, analysis of QPOP ranking trends revealed this combination to be broadly effective, implying common targetable pathways independent of STS subtype. Single-drug and combination dose-response assays performed in a panel of established patient lines supported its synergistic interaction, accompanied by increased PARP and caspase-3 cleavage with immunoblotting, and increased apoptotic response with Annexin V assay. Mechanistically, this synergy results in cell cycle arrest and induction of programmed cell death pathways, as revealed by molecular profiling on representative patient and cell lines. We further showed that co-treatment synergistically repressed oncogenic MYC and activated the p27kip1 tumor suppressor. Finally, this combination was more effective at impairing tumor progression than single agents alone in an STS xenograft mouse model. Overall, work here provides preliminary clinical evidence for the prioritization of a novel drug pair in addressing STS beyond known clinicopathologic parameters.

Citation Format: Sharon Pei Yi Chan, Wai Yee Wong, Nur Nadiah Ismail, Baiwen Luo, Benjamin Jieming Chen, Brandon Xuan Ming Phua, Xing Yi Woo, Tan Boon Toh, Edward Kai-Hua Chow, Valerie Shiwen Yang. Ex vivo Drug Testing Identifies a Novel Drug Pair in Targeting STS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of Frontiers in Cancer Science; 2023 Nov 6-8; Singapore. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(8_Suppl):Abstract nr P41.
Abstract P53: Inhibition of STING/Galectin-9 Axis Sensitize Anthracyclines Treatment And Induce Anti-tumor Immunity
Authors: Sun Xian , Wang Wei-Jan , Lang Jilu , Yang Riyao , Shen Wan-Jou , Sun Linlin , Hung Mien-Chie
Published: April 2024

Anthracyclines, are a class of conventional and routinely used firstline chemotherapy drugs to treat breast cancer. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is characterized by the exposure of danger signals that promote dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation and is often associated with the induction of cancer cell-intrinsic IFN-I signaling pathway. In addition, among multiple chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (Dox) is well-known to promote tumor immunogenicity by interfering with DNA synthesis. Galectin-9 (Gal-9), as a member of β-galactoside-binding protein family, has been demonstrated to induce T cell death and promote immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, it has been shown that some interferon (IFN) and interleukin (IL) factors can induce Gal-9 expression. However, the mechanism cross-talk between anthracyclines and Gal-9 immunecheckpoint inhibitor remains unknown. Here we show that doxorubicin induces PD-L1 expression in human breast cancer cell lines and animal models. Mechanistically, doxorubicin promoted IFNβ expression, which in turn enhanced doxorubicin-induced Gal-9. Furthermore, we discovered that doxorubicin induces tumor Gal-9 via STING upregulation. The combination of doxorubicin and anti-Gal-9 therapy compared with each agent alone significantly increased the therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Clinically, a higher Gal-9 and p-STING level in the tumor region of after-treatment anthracyclines as compared to before treatment is indicated in breast cancer tumor tissue. Taken together, our study demonstrates crosstalk between anthracyclines-induced ICD and tumor-associated immunosuppression and provides a novel therapeutic strategy by combining anthracyclines and Gal-9 antibody in breast cancer.

Citation Format: Xian Sun, Wei-Jan Wang, Jilu Lang, Riyao Yang, Wan-Jou Shen, Linlin Sun, Mien-Chie Hung. Inhibition of STING/Galectin-9 Axis Sensitize Anthracyclines Treatment And Induce Anti-tumor Immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of Frontiers in Cancer Science; 2023 Nov 6-8; Singapore. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(8_Suppl):Abstract nr P53.
Abstract P70: HIGH-THROUGHPUT IMAGING-BASED PHENOTYPIC PROFILING OF IMMUNE CELLS FROM BRCA2 VARIANT CARRIERS AND NON-CARRIERS
Authors: Zhong Guorui , Fu Oscar , Yeo Claresta , Chong Siao Ting , Chan Sock Hoai , Ngeow Joanne , Loo Lit-Hsin
Published: April 2024

Mutated germline alleles in the DNA damage repair (DDR) genes BRCA1/2 are major risk factors for breast and ovarian cancers. Recent studies have found that BRCA1-mutant tumors tend to have higher abundance of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, but much better response was observed from the BRCA2-mutant tumors when given immune-checkpoint inhibitors, suggesting possible functional and phenotypic effects of germline BRCA2 mutations on the immune cells. However, most existing studies focus on investigating the genomic instability and phenotypes of hereditary mutations in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Thus, the impact of these mutations on immune cells’ phenotypes and functions remains largely unknown. Here, we report a study of immune cells with and without BRCA2 mutations using High-throughput Imaging-based Phenotypic Profiling (HIPP), which can identify changes in cellular morphology and protein subcellular localization patterns that are not obvious from other traditional functional assays. We performed HIPP on immune cells from nine BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers and eight non-carriers. Automatic quantification of ~200 phenotypic features from each single cell revealed that CD8+ T cells from BRCA2 variant carriers have distinct and quantifiable changes in their morphological features (such as cytoskeleton structures) and immunological features (such as Granzyme B expressions). Moreover, we found that BRCA2-mutant CD8+ T cells proliferate faster than normal CD8+ T cells. Our results suggest that BRCA2 mutations affect the functions and phenotypes of immune cells. Some of these phenotypic features and markers may be used to classify BRCA2 variants and predict the pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Our study provides new insight into the immune phenotyping of cancer patients at individual level and may help to stratify patients, leading to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. This method can potentially extend to other germline variants and overcome the challenge of VUS interpretation in clinical management.

Citation Format: Guorui Zhong, Oscar Fu, Claresta Yeo, Siao Ting Chong, Sock Hoai Chan, Joanne Ngeow, Lit-Hsin Loo. HIGH-THROUGHPUT IMAGING-BASED PHENOTYPIC PROFILING OF IMMUNE CELLS FROM BRCA2 VARIANT CARRIERS AND NON-CARRIERS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of Frontiers in Cancer Science; 2023 Nov 6-8; Singapore. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(8_Suppl):Abstract nr P70.
Supplementary Table from The YAP-Interacting Phosphatase SHP2 Can Regulate Transcriptional Coactivity and Modulate Sensitivity to Chemotherapy in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Buckarma EeeLN H. , Werneburg Nathan W. , Conboy Caitlin B. , Kabashima Ayano , O'Brien Daniel R. , Wang Chen , Ilyas Sumera , Smoot Rory L.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table from The YAP-Interacting Phosphatase SHP2 Can Regulate Transcriptional Coactivity and Modulate Sensitivity to Chemotherapy in Cholangiocarcinoma
Figure S3 from The Cross-talk Between Intestinal Microbiota and MDSCs Fuels Colitis-associated Cancer Development
Authors: Ashkenazi-Preiser Hadas , Reuven Or , Uzan-Yulzari Atara , Komisarov Sharon , Cirkin Roy , Turjeman Sondra , Even Carmel , Twaik Nira , Ben-Meir Kerem , Mikula Ivan , Cohen-Daniel Leonor , Meirow Yaron , Pikarsky Eli , Louzoun Yoram , Koren Omry , Baniyash Michal
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S3 shows the differences between the MDSC sub-populations in their suppressive activity/
Pectoralis Muscle Area as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with Bronchiectasis Exacerbation
Authors: Seo Hyewon , Cha Seung-Ick , Park Jongmin , Lim Jae-Kwang , Lee Won Kee , Park Ji-Eun , Choi Sun Ha , Lee Yong Hoon , Yoo Seung-Soo , Lee Shin-Yup , Lee Jaehee , Kim Chang-Ho , Park Jae-Yong
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Data on factors related to mortality in patients with bronchiectasis exacerbation are insufficient. Computed tomography (CT) can measure the pectoralis muscle area (PMA) and is a useful tool to diagnose sarcopenia. This study aimed to evaluate whether PMA can predict mortality in patients with bronchiectasis exacerbation. Methods: Patients hospitalized due to bronchiectasis exacerbation at a single center were retrospectively divided into survivors and non-survivors based on 1-year mortality. Thereafter, a comparison of the clinical and radiologic characteristics was conducted between the two groups. Results: A total of 66 (14%) patients died at 1 year. In the multivariate analysis, age, BMI <18.4 kg/m2, sex-specific PMA quartile, ≥3 exacerbations in the previous year, serum albumin <3.5 g/dL, cystic bronchiectasis, tuberculosis-destroyed lung, and diabetes mellitus were independent predictors for the 1-year mortality in patients hospitalized with bronchiectasis exacerbation. A lower PMA was associated with a lower overall survival rate in the survival analysis according to sex-specific quartiles of PMA. PMA had the highest area under the curve during assessment of prognostic performance in predicting the 1-year mortality. The lowest sex-specific PMA quartile group exhibited higher disease severity than the highest quartile group. Conclusions: CT-derived PMA was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality in patients hospitalized with bronchiectasis exacerbation. Patients with lower PMA exhibited higher disease severity. These findings suggest that PMA might be a useful marker for providing additional information regarding prognosis of patients with bronchiectasis exacerbation.
The Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes in Hepatitis B Seropositive and Seronegative Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Tsai Yu-Lien , Chung Meng-Hsuan , Lin Niang-Cheng , Chen Cheng-Yen , Lin Yao-Ping , Tsai Ming-Tsun , Tsai Hsin-Lin , Chen Yee-An , Ou Shuo-Ming , Chu Chi-Jen , Wu Tsai-Hung , Tsai Chang-Youh
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent in Asia including Taiwan. We retrospectively evaluated the risk of HBV reactivation and clinical outcomes in HBV+ and HBV– kidney transplant recipients. Methods: Patients who underwent kidney transplantation between January 2004 and December 2021 were reviewed. The outcomes of interest included risks of HBV reactivation and patient/graft survival. Results: We identified 337 patients (47.5 ± 12 years) in our final cohort. Fifty-two (15.4%) had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive at the time of transplantation. Seventeen developed viral reactivations, with 41.2% of them accompanied by active hepatitis. The graft survival, acute rejection rate, and cancer development after kidney transplantation did not differ in terms of HBsAg status. The Cox multivariate analysis indicated the HBV reactivation risk was increased by a lack of pretransplant anti-HBV medication (hazard ratio [HR], 5.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–27.02; p = 0.021) or an absence of lifelong antiviral therapy (HR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.01–9.74; p = 0.047). Conclusion: Individuals, independent of HBsAg status, had similar prognosis in terms of patient and graft survival, acute rejection rate, and cancer development. The absence of either pretransplant anti-HBV medication or lifelong antiviral therapy was significantly associated with an increased risk of HBV reactivation.
Environmental (and Random?) Sex Determination in Endangered and Invasive Phelsuma Geckos
Authors: Peš Tomáš , Straková Barbora , Kratochvíl Lukáš
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Sex is a fundamental characteristic of an individual. It is therefore puzzling why in some systems sex is precisely determined by a genotype, while in others it is influenced by the environment or even subtle, not to say random, factors. Some stochasticity in sex determination would be expected if environmental conditions did not have a large sex-specific effect on fitness. Although data are only available for a small fraction of species, geckos show exceptional variability in sex determination. Methods: We tested the effects of three incubation temperatures on sex ratio and adult body size in the invasive gecko Phelsuma laticauda and the vulnerable gecko Phelsuma nigristriata. Results: We document temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in both species. Only females hatched at a low temperature (24°C), whereas male production peaked at an intermediate temperature (28°C) and declined, at least in P. laticauda, again at the highest temperature (31°C). Interestingly, full siblings hatched from eggs glued together during the incubation at temperatures producing both sexes are often of the opposite sex. We found no significant effect of incubation temperature on adult body length. Conclusions: Documentation of TSD in the day geckos has implications for conservation practice in environmental management of endangered species or eradication of invasive species. However, it appears that a very subtle (random?) factor may also be involved in their sex determination. In line with this, we found no significant effect of incubation temperature on adult body length.
Environmental Exposures and Pediatric Cardiology: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Zachariah Justin P. , Jone Pei-Ni , Agbaje Andrew O. , Ryan Heather H. , Trasande Leonardo , Perng Wei , Farzan Shohreh F. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; and Council on Clinical Cardiology
Published: April 2024

Environmental toxicants and pollutants are causes of adverse health consequences, including well-established associations between environmental exposures and cardiovascular diseases. Environmental degradation is widely prevalent and has a long latency period between exposure and health outcome, potentially placing a large number of individuals at risk of these health consequences. Emerging evidence suggests that environmental exposures in early life may be key risk factors for cardiovascular conditions across the life span. Children are a particularly sensitive population for the detrimental effects of environmental toxicants and pollutants given the long-term cumulative effects of early-life exposures on health outcomes, including congenital heart disease, acquired cardiac diseases, and accumulation of cardiovascular disease risk factors. This scientific statement highlights representative examples for each of these cardiovascular disease subtypes and their determinants, focusing specifically on the associations between climate change and congenital heart disease, airborne particulate matter and Kawasaki disease, blood lead levels and blood pressure, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals with cardiometabolic risk factors. Because children are particularly dependent on their caregivers to address their health concerns, this scientific statement highlights the need for clinicians, research scientists, and policymakers to focus more on the linkages of environmental exposures with cardiovascular conditions in children and adolescents.
Two new species of Glodianus Cameron and Hylophasma Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) from Mexico
Authors: KASPARYAN DMITRY R. , KHALAIM ANDREY I.
Published: April 2024

Three Mexican species of the genus Glodianus Cameron and five Mexican species of Hylophasma Townes are briefly reviewed. Two species, Glodianus rufithorax sp. nov. and Hylophasma aterrima sp. nov., are described as new to science, and G. graciliventris (Cameron) is resurrected from synonymy with G. delectus (Cresson) (sp. resurr.). Identification keys to all ten world species of Glodianus and all seven world species of Hylophasma are given.
2. Phonology
Authors: Gębski Wiktor
Published: April 2024

This chapter provides an in-depth examination of the phonology of Jewish Gabes and its position within the spectrum of Tunisian Arabic dialects, with a particular focus on the Jewish ones. Notably, the study reveals substantial distinctions between the Muslim and Jewish dialects of Gabes, especially concerning the realisation of specific consonants and phonemic vowels. The Muslim variant aligns phonologically with Bedouin-type dialects, while the Jewish dialect displays characteristics typical of sedentary varieties, like the plosive realisation of interdentals and uvular realisation of /q/. The analysis includes a study the evolution of diphthongs in Jewish Gabes, illustrating the shifts from /ay/ to /ī/ and /aw/ to /ū/. A comparison is made with other Jewish dialects like Wad-Souf and Jewish Tunis. The discussion then turns to the development of sibilants and the retention of /h/ in Jewish Gabes, features that diverge from other regional dialects. Emphasis spread in Jewish Gabes is explored, revealing variations in the pharyngealised nature of /q/ and the spreadability of emphatic consonants. Finally, scrutiny of the vowel inventory shows that it contains three long phonemic vowels (/ī/, /ā/, /ū/) and three short phonemic vowels (/a/, /ə/, /o/), with nuances in the quality of /ə/ based on consonantal context.
Observed Global Mean State Changes Modulating the Collective Influence of the Tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans on ENSO
Authors: Martín-Gómez Verónica , Rodríguez-Fonseca Belén , Polo Irene , Martín-Rey Marta
Published: April 2024

In the last decades, many efforts have been made to understand how different tropical oceanic basins are able to impact El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, the collective connectivity among the tropical oceans and their associated influence on ENSO are less understood. Using a complex network methodology, the degree of collective connectivity among the tropical oceans is analyzed focusing on the detection of periods when the tropical basins collectively interact and the Atlantic and Indian basins influence the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The background state for the periods of strong collective connectivity is also investigated. Our results show a marked multidecadal variability in the tropical interbasin connection, with periods of stronger and weaker collective connectivity. These changes seem to be modulated by changes in the North Atlantic Ocean mean state a decade in advance. In particular, strong connectivity occurs in periods with colder than average tropical North Atlantic surface ocean. Associated with this cooling, an anomalous convergence of the vertical integral of total energy flux (VIEF) takes place over the tropical north–west Atlantic, associated with anomalous divergence of VIEF over the equatorial eastern Pacific. In turn, an anomalous zonal surface pressure gradient over the tropical Pacific weakens the trades over the western equatorial Pacific. Consequently, a shallower thermocline emerges over the western equatorial Pacific, which can enhance thermocline feedbacks, the triggering of ENSO events, and therefore, ENSO variability. By construction, our results put forward opposite conditions for periods of weak tropical basin connectivity. These results have important implications for seasonal to decadal predictions.
Comparison of Contralateral vs Ipsilateral Vein Graft for Traumatic Vascular Injury Repair: A Cohort From PROOVIT
Authors: Siddiqi Noreen , Lammers Daniel , Hu Parker , Stonko David , DuBose Joseph , Hurst Stuart , Hashmi Zain , Morrison Jonathan , Betzold Richard
Published: April 2024

Traumatic injury leading to arterial damage has traditionally been repaired using autologous vein graft from the contralateral limb. This often requires a secondary surgical site and the potential of prolonged operative time for patients. We sought to assess the use of ipsilateral vs contralateral vein grafts in patients who experienced traumatic extremity vascular injury. A multicenter database was queried to identify arterial injuries requiring operative intervention with vein grafting. The primary outcome of interest was need for operative reintervention. Secondary outcomes included risk of thrombosis, infection, and intensive care unit length of stay. 358 patients (320 contralateral and 38 ipsilateral) were included in the analysis. The ipsilateral vein cohort did not display a statistically significant decrease in need for reoperation when compared to the contralateral group (11% vs 23%; OR 0.41, 95% CI −0.07-1.3; P = .14). Contralateral repair was associated with longer median intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (4.3 vs 3.1 days; P < .01).
Prevalence of and factors influencing Hikikomori in Osaka City, Japan: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kanai Koji , Kitamura Yuri , Zha Ling , Tanaka Kenta , Ikeda Manabu , Sobue Tomotaka
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

Hikikomori is commonly defined as a social condition in which individuals avoid social participation and relationships beyond their family members by confining themselves to a room or their house for 6 months or longer. Hikikomori has been predominantly considered a problem among young people; however, as the population is ageing, hikikomori has also emerged as a social issue among adults. Nevertheless, no comparative studies have examined the differences in the factors associated with hikikomori among teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Thus, this phenomenon has not been thoroughly examined, and it remains unclear whether the risk factors vary between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Based on the Japan Cabinet Office’s definition of hikikomori, this cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and related factors of hikikomori among the working age population (15–64 years), utilising univariate and multivariate analyses. The study also compared differences in the prevalence of and factors related to hikikomori between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults.

Methods:

We distributed self-administered questionnaires to individual participants and their families between 24 December 2020 and 18 January 2021.

Results:

Data from an anonymised sample of 3,092 individuals (split into two groups of 15–39 and 40–64 years) were subjected to analysis. The results revealed a hikikomori prevalence of 2.3% in the target population; the prevalence rate was 2.12% among individuals aged 15 to 39 years and 2.42% among those aged 40 to 64 years. The analysis demonstrated strong correlations between hikikomori and several factors, including unemployment, truancy, a history of psychiatric consultation or hospitalisation, being male and the absence of ibasho, which is defined as a place where individuals can feel peace, security, acceptance and belonging. The factors associated with hikikomori differed between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults.

Conclusion:

Our findings, thus, contribute to existing research by providing a comparative analysis of risk factors across different age groups.
The Voice of Our Sister to the Frenemy among Us: Psalm 55
Authors: Reid Stephen Breck
Published: April 2024

The violence and discord of contemporary experience find resonance in Psalm 55. Awareness of multiple voices in the psalm reveals nuances in the rhetoric of violence and discord as microaggressions and acts of more explicit violence and abuse, including murder. Psalm 55 includes the language of taunt and insolence, what we sometimes refer to in contemporary parlance as gaslighting. The language of the sword represents not only war but intimate violence and abuse. The careful reader of Psalm 55 finds multiple voices in the ancient past that prefigure and amplify multiple voices in the conflicted present.
Predicting the fiber orientation of injection molded components and the geometry influence with neural networks
Authors: Herrmann Till , Niedziela Dariusz , Salimova Diyora , Schweiger Timo
Published: April 2024

The injection molding simulation of short fiber reinforced plastics (SFRP) is time consuming. However, until now it is necessary for predicting the local fiber orientation, to optimize the molding process and to predict the mechanical behavior of the material. This research presents the capabilities of artificial neural networks (NN) in predicting fiber orientation tensor (FOT) during injection molding processes, with a focus on enhancing computational efficiency compared to traditional simulation methods. Three NN architectures are compared based on simulated injection molded plates, with the goal of predicting the effect of the plate geometry on the local fiber orientation. Results indicate that NN outperform the baseline assumption of aligned fibers and demonstrate significant potential for accurate FOT prediction. The computational efficiency of NN, especially during the prediction phase, showcases a reduction in processing time by a factor of 104 compared to traditional simulation methods. This research lays a foundation for further exploration into the feasibility of NN in partly replacing time-consuming simulations for practical applications in injection molding processes.
The eye in forensic practice: In the living
Authors: Atreya Alok , Ateriya Navneet , Menezes Ritesh G
Published: April 2024

Eye examination plays an important role when living individuals are forensically investigated. The iris colour, retinal scans and other biometric features may be used for identification purposes while visual impairments may have legal implications in employment, driving and accidents. Ocular manifestations provide clues regarding substance abuse, poisoning and toxicity, and evidence of trauma, abuse or disease can be revealed along with psychological traits and lifestyle. Thus, the eye is a valuable tool in forensic investigations of living subjects, providing identifying characteristics along with health information. This review focuses on the medico-legal aspects of the eye's contribution when the living are subjected to forensic examination.
Protective Factors in the Context of Childhood Bereavement: Youth Gratitude, Future Orientation, and Purpose in Life
Authors: Giang Christopher , Alvis Lauren , Oosterhoff Benjamin , Kaplow Julie B.
Published: April 2024

The objective of the study was to examine potential associations between positive youth development constructs (gratitude, future orientation, purpose in life) and psychological functioning (posttraumatic stress symptoms, depressive symptoms, maladaptive grief reactions) among bereaved youth and test whether these associations vary by age. A diverse sample of 197 clinic-referred bereaved youth (56.2% female; M = 12.36, SD = 3.18; 36.1% Hispanic, 23.7% White, 20.1% Black, 11.9% Multiracial, and 8.2% another race/ethnicity) completed self-report measures of psychological functioning and positive youth development constructs. Linear regression models indicated that gratitude and purpose were associated with lower posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms among bereaved youth. Future orientation was associated with higher posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results were consistent across age. If replicated longitudinally, gratitude and purpose may be important protective factors against negative mental health outcomes in the aftermath of losing a loved one.
Hidden Transcripts of the Powerful: Researching the Arts of Domination
Authors: Massoumi Narzanin , Morgan Marcus
Published: April 2024

This article develops a submerged aspect of James C Scott’s work on ‘hidden transcripts’. Whereas Scott focused predominantly on the hidden transcripts of the powerless, here we propose a research agenda based upon studying hidden transcripts of the powerful. First, we define our terms. Second, we map existing literature, observing that although plenty of research exists into the public transcripts of dominant and subordinate groups, and that Scott initiated a productive research agenda into the hidden transcripts of powerless groups, research into hidden transcripts of powerful actors is lacking. We identify an assumption within this literature that because existing social institutions are already structured in such a way as to reflect and advance the interests of dominant groups, there is no need for separate spaces to foster the consciousness, cohesivness, and mobilisation of the powerful. Third, we ask how social scientists might study the hidden transcripts of the powerful, and what methodological challenges and opportunities such a research programme might present, identifying in particular the promising avenue of studying what we have chosen to call ‘transcripts hidden in plain sight’. Fourth, and finally, we question the epistemological status of these hidden transcripts, focusing on whether they can be used by social researchers as a reliable indicator of the ‘true’ consciousness of the social group that expresses them.
Automatic for the people? Problematising the potential of digital planning
Authors: Potts Ruth , Lord Alex , Sturzaker John
Published: April 2024

This article contributes to the small but growing corpus of literature which analyses the increasing use of digital technologies as part of spatial planning activities. Much of that existing literature focuses on the opportunities such technology brings or explores the use of specific technology. Instead, the article seeks to problematise digital planning, explicitly questioning some of the optimistic claims made on its behalf. To do so, it makes use of a new conceptual framework to reflect upon the promises and potential pitfalls of greater use of digital technology within and beyond planning practice. The paper concludes that digital planning is no more immune to questions about exclusion and power than any other form of activity affecting the built environment, and that it is essential to question the rationale behind how decisions are made regarding the adoption of new technologies in urban planning systems.
Re-learning culture in cities beyond the West
Authors: Torre Violante
Published: April 2024

Urban scholars have long engaged with the role of culture in cities. Tracing this debate, this article outlines the evolutions of culture as an object of study in inquiries on the urban and wishes to trouble two persisting trends in this literature. The first is a geographical and theoretical Eurocentric vision of culture, often framing cities beyond the West as exceptions or needing validation through a comparison with a Western case or theoretical model; the second is an economistic vision of culture under neoliberalism, neglecting the political and ideological dimensions of culture. As a step in overcoming these limitations, this article builds around the notion of ‘re-learning’, to re-insert memory, informality and conflicting heritage into the debate on culture in cities. Drawing on an ethnography of the street ‘Avenida 26’ in Bogotá, Colombia, the article shows that informal cultural practices in the middle of segregation and urban violence can hardly be grasped through the current framing of culture in cities. Yet, they invite an opening up of such a framing to include different ways to cohabit and navigate space through everyday minor engagements. These multifaceted cultural realities urge us to ‘re-learn’ culture in cities anywhere and advance theorisation on culture that takes non-Western urban spaces seriously.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Related to Chemotherapy Among Cancer Patients
Authors: Suhail Muzna , Saulat Fabeha , Khurram Hira , Fatima Farzeen , Zenab Atia , Wasim Mehak , Sadia Noor-ul-ain , Afzaal Fasiha , Latif Hamid , Nasrullah Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Cancer is a leading cause of death, with a rapidly increasing global burden. Chemotherapy is the most effective cancer treatment, and with its benefits, there exist potential problems. The present study assesses cancer patients’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward chemotherapy use. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the oncology wards of various tertiary care hospitals and cancer care centers in Lahore, Pakistan. Patients were included in the study based on convenient sampling. A structured questionnaire with 25 (close-ended) questions and a demographic profile was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze frequencies and percentages. Independent sample t-test and ANOVA were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Most patients were females (54%) and married (52.6%), with an unemployment rate of 39%. Patients with higher education depicted significantly higher scores in knowledge (9.61 ± 2.65), attitude (19.37 ± 2.70), and practice (3.89 ± 1.03) domains. Surprisingly, throughout the whole KAP domain, the patient’s attitude (18.42 ± 3.31) toward chemotherapy use, showed higher values, as compared to their knowledge (7.78 ± 3.26) and practice (3.66 ± 1.08) scores. The majority of the study participants had a positive attitude toward chemotherapy use, with limited knowledge, and practice.
Comparing the Robustness of Simple Network Scale-Up Method Estimators
Authors: Kunke Jessica P. , Laga Ian , Niu Xiaoyue , McCormick Tyler H.
Published: April 2024

The network scale-up method (NSUM) is a cost-effective approach to estimating the size or prevalence of a group of people that is hard to reach through a standard survey. The basic NSUM involves two steps: estimating respondents’ degrees and estimating the prevalence of the hard-to-reach population of interest using respondents’ estimated degrees and the number of people they report knowing in the hard-to-reach group. Each of these two steps involves taking either an average of ratios or a ratio of averages. Using the ratio of averages for each step has so far been the most common approach. However, the authors present theoretical arguments that using the average of ratios at the second, prevalence-estimation step often has lower mean squared error when the random mixing assumption is violated, which seems likely in practice; this estimator was proposed early in NSUM development but has largely been unexplored and unused. Simulation results using an example network data set also support these findings. On the basis of this theoretical and empirical evidence, the authors suggest that future surveys that use a simple estimator may want to use this mixed estimator, and estimation methods based on this estimator may produce new improvements.