bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spherical Design‐Driven Scalable Solar‐Powered Water Treatment with Salt Self‐Cleaning and Light Self‐Adaptivity
Authors: Liao Yiqi , Wang Chuang , Dong Yanjuan , Miao Zhouyu , Yu Hou‐Yong , Chen Guozhuo , Yao Juming , Zhou Yongfeng , Liu Yannan
Published: September 2024

Interfacial solar evaporation, harnessing sunlight to induce water molecule evaporation, holds great promise for sustainable solar energy conversion. However, challenges such as reduced efficiency and instability due to salt accumulation, inadequate water transport, and the high cost of advanced nanostructured solar evaporators collectively hinder the sustainable and large‐scale practical use of this technology. Herein, an eco‐friendly, floatable 3D solar seawater evaporator is developed by innovatively incorporating a lightweight foam ball enclosed in a porous cellulose hydrogel. The 3D evaporator achieves a high water evaporation rate of ≈2.01 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 Sun, owing to its super high photothermal efficiency of 117.9% and efficient internal water transport channels. Even at a 0° simulated solar angle, the 3D evaporator maintains 85.8% of the evaporation rate at a 90° simulated solar angle. Moreover, the salt self‐cleaning capability is realized by the autonomous rotation caused by salt deposition. Particularly, the 3D evaporator can be fabricated over a large area and maintain seawater evaporation performance and structural integrity for 28 days. This study provides novel economically feasible and sustainable large‐scale solutions for interfacial solar‐powered seawater treatment.
Reducing Atomic Defects in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Zhang Yunhao , Wang Jingwei , Nong Huiyu , He Liqiong , Li Shengnan , Wei Qiang , Wu Qinke , Liu Bilu
Published: September 2024

Preparing high‐quality 2D semiconductors represented by transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is of great importance for the next‐generation devices. However, currently available 2D TMDCs contain many atomic defects, which greatly affect their electronic and optical properties. This review starts with the formation of atomic defects and their effects on the properties of 2D TMDCs. Then, techniques for characterizing atomic defects are systematically summarized, including atomic‐resolution imaging and spectroscopy measurements. Further, recent progress on defect suppression during growth and defect repair after growth is reviewed. Finally, challenges and opportunities in this important field are discussed.
Yb(OTf)3‐Catalyzed C=C Bond Cleavage‐Reassembly Enabling Bicyclization: Regioselective Synthesis of Heteroarylated Pentacyclic Indoles
Authors: Liu Zi‐Li , Zhu Chi‐Fan , Liu Yin‐Ping , Chen Ke , Li Qiu‐Yun , Wang Shu‐Liang , Hao Wen‐Juan , Jiang Bo
Published: September 2024

An Yb(OTf)3‐catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition /retro‐electrocyclization (CA‐RE)/bicyclization of 1‐(2‐aminoarylaklynyl)‐naphthalen‐2‐ols and 3‐alkylideneoxindoles is reported, enabling a direct C=C bond cleavage‐reassembly process to regioselectively synthesize a variety of quinoline‐tethered benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3‐b]indoles in 31–84% yields. Exchanging the amino group for a hydroxyl group in the arylalkynyl unit of the naphthalen‐2‐ol substrate resulted in chromenyl chromeno[2,3‐b]indoles via a similar cascade process.
Multilayer Electrode Strategy Shorten Thermal Charging Time and Boost Energy Output in Gelatin‐Based i‐TE Cells
Authors: Li Yuchen , Wang Shuaihua , Yu Mao , Li Huan , Li Benben , Zhu Kang , Liu Weishu
Published: September 2024

Gel‐based ionic thermoelectric (i‐TE) cells provide alternative thermal energy harvesting from the environment, showing obvious advantages in voltage matching for self‐powered Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) sensors. However, the gel‐based i‐TE cells always suffer a long thermal charging time and poor output power performance. Herein, a multilayer electrode engineering strategy is proposed from the device‐design level, aiming to decrease the ions' diffusion distance, increase the electrode surface area, and facilitate the ions' reaction and recovery process. The thermal charging time is shortened from 27 to 8 min as the electrode layers increase from 2 to 8. An ultrahigh instantaneous power density of 15.8 mW m−2 K−2 and 2 h output energy density (E2h) of 403 J m−2 are achieved in an 8‐layer electrode i‐TE cell. Finally, A flexible and wearable i‐TE device with 20 units is demonstrated to generate a remarkable voltage of 3.8 V and output power of 282 µW by harvesting the human body heat. This work provides a feasible and effective route to design the i‐TE device, hopefully promoting its practical power generation application.
Use of bovine‐derived collagen matrix in the surgical treatment of empty nose syndrome
Authors: Cameron Brian H. , Talmadge Jason , Citardi Martin J.
Published: September 2024

Key points

Bovine‐derived collagen matrix (BDCM) is a safe augmentation material in patients with empty nose syndrome.

BDCM augmentation results in clinically and statistically significant improvement in nasal symptoms.

Improvements in nasal symptoms with BDCM augmentation may be durable and can be seen up to 2 years postoperative.
Development and evaluation of mixing performance of new type pitched paddle impeller (HR1000) for wastewater treatment
Authors: Furukawa Haruki , Takahashi Riki , Fukuzawa Kenshi , Kato Yoshihito , Kato Yoshikazu , Nemoto Takahiro , Ago Ken‐ichi , Koh Seung‐Tae
Published: September 2024

SATAKE MultiMix Corporation developed a new type of pitched paddle impeller for low power consumption turbulent mixing for wastewater treatment and its performance was evaluated by measuring power consumption, mixing time, and particle suspension. The power number of the new impeller was lower than that of the existing pitched paddle, which could be constructed by modifying the correlation equation. For the same power consumption per unit volume, the mixing performance was almost the same as that of other axial flow impellers. The particle suspension performance was also the same as that of other axial flow impellers.
A thorough evaluation of flavor characteristics among various retail peanut oil products using multivariate statistical methods
Authors: Ma Sumin , Lim Kevin , Ding Caixia , Xu Haoyu , Shi Haiming , Bi Yanlan , Zhang Hong , Xu Xuebing
Published: September 2024

Flavor is a crucial characteristic of peanut oils, exerting a significant impact on their quality and acceptability. However, given the uncertainty in the correlations between flavor attributes and volatile compounds, assessing the flavor quality of commercial peanut oil retail products (PORPs) based on updated analysis techniques remains challenging. In this study, 21 commercial samples were collected for investigating this correlation. From the sensory evaluations, the 16 fragrant PORPs show differences esp. for the roasted (4.25–10), the sweet (0–4.25), and the steamed (0–4.25) attributes while the roasted attribute is dominant for all the products. For volatile profile analysis with updated analytical technology, the fragrant PORPs also show significant difference in terms of volatile profiles and intensities. The total intensity can differ from 16.37 to 66.59 mg/kg. Multivariate statistical methods (MSMs) revealed the significant correlations between volatile compounds and specific sensory attributes. Notably, 1‐hexanol and phenylethyl alcohol demonstrate a strong correlation with the raw peanut flavor attribute. Benzeneacetaldehyde (BA) exhibited a positive correlation with sweet flavor. dl‐Pantolactone has a positive effect on roasted flavor. Hexanal and 3‐octen‐2‐one are highly related to off‐flavor notes. In addition, based on machine learning (ML), three groups of volatile compounds were found to be highly correlated with specific flavor attributes. Notably, a cluster comprising seven compounds, namely 2‐ethenyl‐6‐methylpyrazine, 2‐methyl‐6‐[(E)‐1‐propenyl]pyrazine, benzaldehyde, BA, nonanal, dl‐pantolactone, and 2‐acetopyridine exhibiting a positive correlation with roasted, steamed, and sweet flavor attributes. Furthermore, recombination experiments were conducted to verify the synergistic effect of these seven compounds on flavor performance and agreements were reached.
Bioimaging of sense organs and the central nervous system in extant fishes and reptiles in situ: A review
Authors: Collin Shaun P. , Yopak Kara E. , Crowe‐Riddell Jenna M. , Camilieri‐Asch Victoria , Kerr Caroline C. , Robins Hope , Ha Myoung Hoon , Ceddia Annalise , Dutka Travis L. , Chapuis Lucille
Published: September 2024

Bioimaging is changing the field of sensory biology, especially for taxa that are lesser‐known, rare, and logistically difficult to source. When integrated with traditional neurobiological approaches, developing an archival, digital repository of morphological images can offer the opportunity to improve our understanding of whole neural systems without the issues of surgical intervention and negate the risk of damage and artefactual interpretation. This review focuses on current approaches to bioimaging the peripheral (sense organs) and central (brain) nervous systems in extant fishes (cartilaginous and bony) and non‐avian reptiles in situ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro‐computed tomography (μCT), both super‐resolution track density imaging and diffusion tensor‐based imaging, and a range of other new technological advances are presented, together with novel approaches in optimizing both contrast and resolution, for developing detailed neuroanatomical atlases and enhancing comparative analyses of museum specimens. For MRI, tissue preparation, including choice of fixative, impacts tissue MR responses, where both resolving power and signal‐to‐noise ratio improve as field strength increases. Time in fixative, concentration of contrast agent, and duration of immersion in the contrast agent can also significantly affect relaxation times, and thus image quality. For μCT, the use of contrast‐enhancing stains (iodine‐, non‐iodine‐, or nanoparticle‐based) is critical, where the type of fixative used, and the concentration of stain and duration of staining time often require species‐specific optimization. Advanced reconstruction algorithms to reduce noise and artifacts and post‐processing techniques, such as deconvolution and filtering, are now being used to improve image quality and resolution.
Investigating the Heterogeneity of “Study Twins”
Authors: Röver Christian , Friede Tim
Published: September 2024

Meta‐analyses are commonly performed based on random‐effects models, while in certain cases one might also argue in favor of a common‐effect model. One such case may be given by the example of two “study twins” that are performed according to a common (or at least very similar) protocol. Here we investigate the particular case of meta‐analysis of a pair of studies, for example, summarizing the results of two confirmatory clinical trials in phase III of a clinical development program. Thereby, we focus on the question of to what extent homogeneity or heterogeneity may be discernible and include an empirical investigation of published (“twin”) pairs of studies. A pair of estimates from two studies only provide very little evidence of homogeneity or heterogeneity of effects, and ad hoc decision criteria may often be misleading.
Phase Ib/II study on the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of pegylated irinotecan (JK1201I) as second‐line monotherapy for patients with small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Long Jieran , Li Xuefei , Wu Lin , Yu Guohua , Zang Aimin , Zhao Yanqiu , Shi Jinsheng , Nie Ligong , Zhao Xuan , Fang Jian
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of multiple doses of pegylated irinotecan (JK1201I) as a second‐line monotherapy for treating small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients.

Methods

According to the “3 + 3” dose‐escalation principle, patients received intravenous JK1201I at 180 or 220 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks for four cycles. Progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), median progression‐free survival (mPFS), and median overall survival (mOS) were evaluated. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze PFS and overall OS. Brookmeyer and Crowley's method was used for mPFS and mOS.

Results

This study included 29 patients with stage III–IV SCLC (stage IIIa, n = 1; stage IIIb, n = 1; and stage IV, n = 27). Of these, 26 patients were enrolled in the 180 mg/m2 dose group, and 3 patients were enrolled in the 220 mg/m2 dose group. No dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) was noted during the first 28 days of treatment. Grade 3 or higher adverse events were recorded in the 180 mg/m2 group, including diarrhea (11.5%, 3/26), neutropenia (7.7%, 2/26), and leukopenia (7.7%, 2/26). In the 220 mg/m2 group, one patient (33.3%, 1/3) experienced neutropenia or leukopenia. In the 180 mg/m2 group, 38.5% (10/26) of patients achieved an objective response rate (ORR), with a disease control rate (DCR) of 73.1% (19/26). The mPFS and mOS were 3.4 and 12.1 months, respectively. In the 220 mg/m2 group, one patient had stable disease, and one had progressive disease (PD). The ORR, DCR, mPFS, and mOS were 0% (0/3) and 33.3% (1/3), 2.7 months and 2.7 months, respectively.

Conclusion

JK1201I exhibits promising efficacy and relatively low toxicities as a second‐line monotherapy for SCLC, warranting further large‐scale clinical studies to evaluate its efficacy in greater detail.
OCR still intent on combating national origin discrimination
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: September 2024

The Office for Civil Rights has become relentless in addressing discrimination based on national origin/shared ancestry — most often involving Jewish, Muslim, Arab, and Palestinian individuals as of late. Campus Legal Advisor, a sister publication to Campus Security Report, has previously written about OCR's heightened activity in this area, with numerous investigations, fact sheets, and “Dear Colleague Letters” calling on colleges and universities to eliminate hostile environments related to harassment based on national origin/shared ancestry and to fulfill their legal obligations under Title VI. (See bit.ly/465FTac and bit.ly/48gwhdu.)
Durvalumab not cost‐effective with current pricing strategies for stage III NSCLC
Authors: Nierengarten Mary Beth
Published: September 2024

This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. In this issue, durvalumab remains inaccessible to many patients for whom it is indicated as a standard of care after chemoradiation. In addition, a study assesses a fixed‐duration combination regimen of obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multitargeted therapy is safe and leads to durable remission of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.
Solar Selective Photooxidation of Veratryl Alcohol by Suppression of Reactive Oxygen Species Through Band Modulation in the BiOI/Bi4Ti3O12 Heterojunction
Authors: Murillo‐Sierra J. C. , Romero R. , Melin V. , Henriquez A. , Montoya L. F. , Campos C. H. , Contreras D.
Published: September 2024

Lignin valorization through heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising pathway for obtaining value‐added products, including chemical building blocks, biofuels, etc. However, several challenges still demand attention and resolution in this field. One of the key parameters in the heterogeneous photocatalytic process is the synthesis of efficient photocatalysts that can accomplish efficient and selective reactions. Selective conversion of lignin can be achieved by using heterojunction photocatalysts which can efficiently separate charge carriers’ and promote selective reactions by band structure modulation. This work details a straightforward approach for synthesizing heterojunction photocatalysts based on Bi4Ti3O12 and BiOI involving the hydrothermal and co‐precipitation methods. Additionally, the synthesized composites were employed in the selective oxidation of veratryl alcohol, a lignin‐derived model compound, to produce high‐value‐added veratraldehyde. The experimental results showed that the BiOI/Bi4Ti3O12 heterojunction (12.5 mol % BiOI) showed superior activity with a veratraldehyde yield of 5.4 and 27.2 times higher than those of Bi4Ti3O12 and BiOI, respectively. The mechanistic studies revealed that the improved activity and selectivity were due to the enhanced charge carriers’ separation and the suppression of reactive oxygen species formation through modulation of band structure. This study allows a green approach to lignin‐derived biomass valorization to obtain high‐value chemicals.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma to study the inhibition of T cell subtypes
Authors: de Kanter Jurrian K. , Steemers Alexander S. , Gonzalez Daniel Montiel , van Ineveld Ravian L. , Blijleven Catharina , Groenen Niels , Trabut Laurianne , Scheijde‐Vermeulen Marijn A. , Westera Liset , Beishuizen Auke , Rios Anne C. , Holstege Frank C. P. , Brandsma Arianne M. , Margaritis Thanasis , van Boxtel Ruben , Meyer‐Wentrup Friederike
Published: September 2024

Pediatric classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients have a high survival rate but suffer from severe long‐term side effects induced by chemo‐ and radiotherapy. cHL tumors are characterized by the low fraction (0.1%–10%) of malignant Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells in the tumor. The HRS cells depend on the surrounding immune cells for survival and growth. This dependence is leveraged by current treatments that target the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis in cHL tumors. The development of more targeted therapies that are specific for the tumor and are therefore less toxic for healthy tissue compared with conventional chemotherapy could improve the quality of life of pediatric cHL survivors. Here, we applied single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on isolated HRS cells and the immune cells from the same cHL tumors. Besides TNFRSF8 (CD30), we identified other genes of cell surface proteins that are consistently overexpressed in HRS cells, such as NRXN3 and LRP8, which can potentially be used as alternative targets for antibody–drug conjugates or CAR T cells. Finally, we identified potential interactions by which HRS cells inhibit T cells, among which are the galectin‐1/CD69 and HLA‐II/LAG3 interactions. RNAscope was used to validate the enrichment of CD69 and LAG3 expression on T cells near HRS cells and indicated large variability of the interaction strength with the corresponding ligands between patients and between tumor tissue regions. In conclusion, this study identifies new potential therapeutic targets for cHL and highlights the importance of studying heterogeneity when identifying therapy targets, specifically those that target tumor‐immune cell interactions.
Human immunodeficiency virus‐associated Lymphomas: EHA–ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up
Authors: Hübel Kai , Bower Mark , Aurer Igor , Bastos‐Oreiro Mariana , Besson Caroline , Brunnberg Uta , Cattaneo Chiara , Collins Simon , Cwynarski Kate , Pria Alessia D. , Hentrich Marcus , Hoffmann Christian , Kersten Marie J. , Montoto Silvia , Navarro Jose‐Tomas , Oksenhendler Eric , Re Alessandro , Ribera Josep‐Maria , Schommers Philipp , von Tresckow Bastian , Buske Christian , Dreyling Martin , Davies Andy ,   the EHA and ESMO Guidelines Committees
Published: September 2024

Highlights

This EHA–ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline provides key recommendations for managing HIV‐associated lymphomas.

The guideline covers clinical, imaging and pathological diagnosis; staging and risk assessment; treatment and follow‐up.

The author group encompasses a multidisciplinary group of experts from different institutions and countries in Europe.

Recommendations are based on available scientific data and the authors’ collective expert opinion.
Composite suture material based on polylactide accelerates the healing of surgical wounds in in vivo experiment
Authors: Malafeev K. V. , Moskalyuk O. A. , Yudin V. E. , Suslov D. N. , Popova A. A. , Yukina G. Yu. , Sukhorukova E. G.
Published: September 2024

In laboratory conditions, composite sutures based on polylactide (PLA) containing chitin nanofibrils modified with polyethylene glycol (CN‐PEG) and poviargol (silver nanoparticles stabilized with poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)) were obtained, studied, and used as a prototype. Surgical sutures threads with the addition of CN‐PEG have stable mechanical properties both in air and in a buffer simulating the environment of a living organism. The yield strength of oriented threads decreased by an average of 15%, whereas for non‐oriented threads the decrease was 3–4 times. The strength values in simple units of unfilled PLA, PLA containing 5 wt % CN‐PEG, and PLA with 1 wt % Poviargol were on average 50% higher than the national standard 31620‐2012. The results of in vivo experiments on albino rats (cross‐linking skin and muscle tissue in the linea alba area) showed that composite sutures are best for suturing muscle tissue, whereas unfilled PLA sutures are more suitable for suturing skin. When suturing muscle tissue, suturing with composite sutures increased the number of collagen fibers of different diameters.
New Insights Into Application Relevant Properties of Cu2+‐Doped Brushite Cements
Authors: Spaeth Karla , Nawaz Qaisar , Schilling Tatjana , Goetz‐Neunhoeffer Friedlinde , Detsch Rainer , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Hurle Katrin
Published: September 2024

Doping of brushite cements with metal ions can entail many positive effects on biological and physicochemical properties. Cu2+ ions are known to exhibit antibacterial properties and can additionally have different positive effects on cells as trace elements, whereas high Cu2+ concentrations are cytotoxic. For therapeutical applications of bone cement, a combination of good biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical properties is required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate different physicochemical and biological aspects, relevant for application, of a brushite cement with Cu2+‐doped β‐tricalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and phytic acid as setting retarder. Additionally, the ion release was compared with a cement with citric acid as setting retarder. The investigated cements showed good injectability coefficients, as well as compressive strength values sufficient for application. Furthermore, no antibacterial effects were detected irrespective of the Cu2+ concentration or the bacterial strain. The cell experiments with eluate samples showed that the viability of MC3T3‐E1 cells tended to decrease with increasing Cu2+ concentration in the cement. It is suggested that these biological responses are caused by the difference in the Cu2+ release from the hardened cement depending on the solvent medium. Furthermore, the cements showed a steady release of Cu2+ ions to a lesser extent in comparison with a cement with citric acid as setting retarder, where a burst release of Cu2+ was observed. In conclusion, despite the anticipated antibacterial effect of Cu2+‐doped cements was lacking and mammalian cell viability was slightly affected, Cu2+‐concentrations maintained the physicochemical properties as well as the compressive strength of cements and the slow ion release from cements produced with phytic acid is considered advantageous compared to citric acid‐based formulations.
Poly(ε‐Caprolactone)‐Based Composites Modified With Polymer‐Grafted Magnetic Nanoparticles and L‐Ascorbic Acid for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Hlukhaniuk Anna , Świętek Małgorzata , Patsula Vitalii , Hodan Jiří , Janoušková Olga , Bystrianský Lukáš , Brož Antonín , Malić Marina , Zasońska Beata , Tokarz Waldemar , Bačáková Lucie , Horák Daniel
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to develop multifunctional magnetic poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) mats with antibacterial properties for bone tissue engineering and osteosarcoma prevention. To provide good dispersion of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs), they were first grafted with PCL using a novel three‐step approach. Then, a series of PCL‐based mats containing a fixed amount of ION@PCL particles and an increasing content of ascorbic acid (AA) was prepared by electrospinning. AA is known for increasing osteoblast activity and suppressing osteosarcoma cells. Composites were characterized in terms of morphology, mechanical properties, hydrolytic stability, antibacterial performance, and biocompatibility. AA affected both the fiber diameter and the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. All produced mats were nontoxic to rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal cells; however, a composite with 5 wt.% of AA suppressed the initial proliferation of SAOS‐2 osteoblast‐like cells. Moreover, AA improved antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli compared to PCL. Overall, these magnetic composites, reported for the very first time, can be used as scaffolds for both tissue regeneration and osteosarcoma prevention.
Effects of recalling place memory on promoting cooperative behaviors in local communities
Authors: Li Ziying , Aoki Toshiaki
Published: September 2024

Aims

The present study aimed to develop a theoretical model that explores the influence of recalling place memory on cooperative behaviors in local communities.

Methods

Five hundred ninety‐five Japanese residents (mean age = 49.75 years) participated in an online survey, in which they received one of the three interventions: (1) positive memory; (2) neutral memory and (3) negative memory. Participants were instructed to recall their place memories within their living areas and provide ratings for their place attachment, emotional valence, perceived self‐interest, and willingness to engage in cooperative behaviors.

Results

The results revealed that individuals who recalled positive‐valenced place memories exhibited a higher willingness to engage in cooperative behaviors. Additionally, this study reveals the previously unreported mediating role of place attachment and perceived self‐interest in promoting cooperative behaviors.

Conclusion

The findings hold significance in elucidating the relationship between place memory and cooperative behaviors, offering novel insights for community management.
A Mild Synthesis of 0D Mn2+‐Doped Cs3CdBr5 Metal Halide for White Light‐Emitting Diodes and X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Kou Tongtong , Wei Qilin , Chang Tong , Wang Hua , Zheng Wei , Jiang Xiaomei , Zhao Qiang , Zhou Zijian , Huang Dan , Chen Zhaolai , Wang Liang , Tang Jiang , Yu William W.
Published: September 2024

All‐inorganic Cd‐based metal halide is widely studied and applied in the field of optoelectronics due to its superior stability, diverse phase structure, and unique photoelectric properties. However, all‐inorganic 0D Cd‐based metal halide is not widely studied due to their extreme synthesis conditions. In this paper, a simple mild solution method is devised to successfully synthesize 0D Cs3CdBr5 by manipulating the crystal growth kinetics. Simultaneously, the influence of the doping element Mn on the transition matrix and the optical properties are investigated. By doping with an appropriate concentration of Mn2+, a green emission (520 nm) with photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as high as 97.39% is obtained. Benefiting from near‐unity PLQY and the excellent optical properties, the white emitting light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) with Cs3CdBr5:20%Mn as green phosphor exhibit warm white light emission with color rendering index (CRI) of 91 and correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4108 K. In addition, Cs3CdBr5:20%Mn also demonstrates excellent X‐ray scintillation properties with a low detection limit of 32.83 nGyair·s−1. The results show that Cs3CdBr5:Mn is not only a promising candidate for solid‐state lighting but also a promising candidate for low‐dose high‐resolution X‐ray imaging.
Anomaly Detection and Correction in Dense Functional Data Within Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Kuwaye Daren , Cho Hyunkeun Ryan
Published: September 2024

In medical research, the accuracy of data from electronic medical records (EMRs) is critical, particularly when analyzing dense functional data, where anomalies can severely compromise research integrity. Anomalies in EMRs often arise from human errors in data measurement and entry, and increase in frequency with the volume of data. Despite the established methods in computer science, anomaly detection in medical applications remains underdeveloped. We address this deficiency by introducing a novel tool for identifying and correcting anomalies specifically in dense functional EMR data. Our approach utilizes studentized residuals from a mean‐shift model, and therefore assumes that the data adheres to a smooth functional trajectory. Additionally, our method is tailored to be conservative, focusing on anomalies that signify actual errors in the data collection process while controlling for false discovery rates and type II errors. To support widespread implementation, we provide a comprehensive R package, ensuring that our methods can be applied in diverse settings. Our methodology's efficacy has been validated through rigorous simulation studies and real‐world applications, confirming its ability to accurately identify and correct errors, thus enhancing the reliability and quality of medical data analysis.
Squaraine‐Linked Magnetic Covalent Organic Framework as a Solid‐Phase Extraction Absorbent to Determine Trace Phenylpyrazoles
Authors: Chen Li , Zhou Cuiyun , Jiang Feng , Zhang Li , Xu Chuanlai
Published: September 2024

Phenylpyrazoles are widely used pesticides in the food industry. It is highly desirable to develop efficient pre‐treatment and analysis methods to extract and detect phenylpyrazoles in complex food matrices. Herein, the study reports novel squaraine‐linked zwitterionic core‐shell magnetic covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs),  which are found to be excellent pretreatment materials for the detection of trace phenylpyrazoles in samples. By coupling MCOFs to magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE) with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) analysis, the detection of phenylpyrazoles (fipronil, fipronil sulfone, fipronil sulfide, fipronil de‐sulfoxide, fipronil desulfinyl, ethiprole, and flufiprole) is achieved and shows good linearity at concentrations of 1–800 µg L−1 (R2 ≥ 0.9930). The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and recovery rates are 0.01–0.50 µg kg−1, 0.04‐1.72 µg kg−1, and 70.96–115.32%, respectively. More importantly, this method is successfully applied to determine the phenylpyrazoles in commercial egg, poultry, milk, jujube, cabbage, tea, and rice with a detection rate of ≈0.04%. Therefore, the developed method may contribute to a new strategy for the purification and multi‐target extraction of complex food matrices.
Performance of eccentrically loaded low‐strength RC columns confined with posttensioned metal straps: An experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Neupane Ram Prasad , Imjai Thanongsak , Garcia Reyes , Chua Yie Sue , Chaudhary Sandeep
Published: September 2024

This study experimentally and numerically examines the performance of low‐strength reinforced concrete (LS RC) columns confined with external post‐tensioned metal straps (PTMS). Twelve square columns of cross‐section 125 × 125 mm and height 1500 mm were subjected to axial load, with eight columns being eccentrically loaded. Four columns were control specimens without confinement, and another eight were confined using a novel technique that provides active confinement through the PTMS. The main parameters investigated included the PTMS confinement ratio (ρv = 0.64% and 1.28%) and different eccentricities (e/b = 0, 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0, where e = eccentricity). The results show that the capacity and axial displacement of the PTMS‐confined columns increased by up to 43% and 116% over unconfined control columns. Finite element analyses of the columns were carried out in Abaqus® to provide further insight into the behavior of PTMS‐confined columns. This study contributes towards developing cost‐effective confinement solutions for LS RC columns, thus encouraging the broader adoption of active confinement techniques in practical strengthening applications.
The IPM cycle: An instructional tool for promoting students' engagement in modeling practices and construction of models
Authors: Garrido Anna , Couso Digna
Published: September 2024

The importance of models and modeling in science education is well‐recognized, yet there exists significant polysemy among these terms within the literature. This ambiguity often leads to confusion, particularly regarding whether modeling represents an expected student performance, an instructional strategy to promote such performance, or both. Moreover, the construction of models has been depicted as both the objective of modeling and a distinct phase within modeling‐based instruction. Additionally, the expression of models has often been overlooked despite its significance as a crucial modeling practice. In an endeavor to shed light into these complexities associated with modeling in science education, this paper pursues a twofold aim. First, it theoretically presents and justifies the Instruction Performance Modeling (IPM) cycle, drawing on numerous previous contributions to the field, as a practical and specific instructional tool designed to clarify some problematic concepts both regarding modeling instruction and modeling practice. Second, it provides empirical evidence regarding the type of modeling performance exhibited by students involved in instruction guided by the IPM. This study applies discourse analysis to the multimodal productions of preservice teachers attending a lab‐based workshop on the topic of flotation. The main findings reveal that students' modeling performance, while exhibiting certain patterns such as the Introductory pattern or the Evaluation‐Revision one, predominantly manifests as a disorganized sequence of modeling practices. This result is consistent with certain precedents in the modeling literature but contrasts with the expected outcomes of well‐established approaches like Generation‐Evaluation‐Modification. Furthermore, the study aims to highlight the rich, meaningful, and productive modeling practices occurring in instructional scenarios guided by the IPM cycle.
Photoacoustic Spectrum Analysis for Soft Tissues
Authors: Chen Yingna , Wu Shiying , Zhang Mengjiao , Li Jiayan , Qian Menglu , Cheng Qian
Published: September 2024

Biomedical photoacoustics has shown great potential for precise medical diagnosis because it can provide structural, physiological/pathological characteristics, and metabolic information of biological tissues noninvasively in vivo. Photoacoustic imaging has made great breakthroughs in many preclinical studies, including microvascular imaging, blood oxygen detection, and tumor detection. However, compared with photoacoustic imaging, the photoacoustic spectrum can provide more information, such as the rich molecular information in the optical spectrum and the rich microstructural information in the ultrasonic spectrum, which is closely related to the disease evolution process. Recently, photoacoustic spectrum analysis (PASA) has demonstrated the ability to quantitatively extract physicochemical information from biological tissues to distinguish between normal and diseased tissues, especially for classifying, grading, and staging cancer tissue, making it one of the most promising methods for noninvasive, accurate diagnosis of clinical diseases. In this chapter, we introduce the methods of PASA for the diagnosis of soft tissue diseases.
Photoacoustic Imaging of Interventional Devices for Guiding Minimally Invasive Medical Procedures
Authors: Shi Mengjie , West Simeon J. , Vercauteren Tom , Noimark Sacha , Desjardins Adrien E. , Xia Wenfeng
Published: September 2024

Despite rapid advancements in medical technology, accurate identification and assessment of abnormalities and precise visualisation of interventional devices are imperative for successful outcomes in minimally invasive medical procedures. In the past few decades, photoacoustic (PA) imaging has emerged as a promising intraoperative imaging modality for surgical guidance, offering rich optical absorption contrast derived from intrinsic tissue chromophores, extrinsic contrast agents, and interventional devices. This chapter reviews recent developments in PA imaging for guiding minimally invasive medical procedures, with a particular focus on its capability of visualising interventional devices including clinical metallic needles, catheters, and metal implants, and signal and image processing methods for enhanced visualisation.
Management der Bodenacidität durch Kalkung – eine unterschätzte Herausforderung
Authors: Kramer Eckart , Gebbers Robin , Rühlmann Jörg , Bönecke Eric , Schröter Ingmar
Published: September 2024

In this chapter, terms relating to liming are explained, and an introduction to the importance of liming and the need for liming of agricultural crops is given. The extent of suboptimally limed areas in Germany is described and the causes for the suboptimal lime supply are mentioned. After introducing the principle of lime requirement determination, the influences of incorrect soil information and their causes are outlined, and resulting losses are pointed out. Thus, the need for site-specific, sensor-based liming is explained, and ultimately the motivation for this book is given. Precise liming requires a workflow of various steps in a networked system. Reference is made to their description in the following chapters. In this chapter, the reader is introduced to the terminology in the framework of liming. The importance of liming and the need for liming of agricultural crops is highlighted. Statistical evidence for insufficient pH management in Germany is given and causes for the suboptimal lime supply are discussed. After introducing the principle of lime requirement determination, the impact of erroneous soil information and their causes are outlined, as well as resulting yield losses. A solution to this problem is a more precise liming which regards site-specific requirements using sensor-based information. The necessity to provide sound knowledge on precision liming motivates this book. Precise liming comprises a workflow of various steps in an interconnected system. This workflow is briefly introduce and references are given to the detailed description in the successive chapters.
Von Bodeneigenschaftskarten zur Düngestreukarte
Authors: Bönecke Eric , Kling Charlotte , Schröter Ingmar , Vogel Sebastian , Meyer Swen , Philipp Golo , Scheibe Dirk , Lück Kathrin , Gebbers Robin , Rühlmann Jörg
Published: September 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird beschrieben, wie mithilfe von Bodenparameterkarten Bedarfsmengen an CaO-Äquivalenten berechnet und Kalkapplikationsempfehlungen abgeleitet werden. Als erstes wird der Basenbedarf anhand der Bodeneigenschaften pH, Textur und Humusgehalt als CaO-Menge berechnet. Die berechneten CaO-Mengen werden an die Arbeitsbreite des Düngerstreuers angepasst und eine entsprechende Karte erstellt. Nach Festlegung des Düngers erfolgt unter Berücksichtigung seines Neutralisationswertes die Umrechnung in Kalkmengen. Abschließend werden Anpassungen wie Kalkungsintervall und Höchstmengen berücksichtigt, um die Applikationskarte zu erstellen und ins Terminal des Düngerstreuers zu exportieren.
Nutzung sensorbasierter Texturkarten für das Management der Bodenacidität – Effekte auf Kalkbedarf, Ertrag und ökonomische Kennwerte
Authors: Rühlmann Jörg , Bönecke Eric , Philipp Golo
Published: September 2024

Im zeitlichen Rahmen des pH-BB Projektes konnten keine generalisierbaren Schlussfolgerungen zum ökonomischen Effekt der Nutzung sensorbasierter Bodenkarten gezogen werden. Deshalb wurde unter Verwendung der Szenariotechnik untersucht, welchen Einfluss die exakte Lokalisierung von Bodentexturmustern auf die erzielten Erträge und den CaO-Bedarf besitzt und welcher monetäre Vorteil damit verbunden ist. Im Ergebnis konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Summe der in zwei Jahren durch die Nutzung sensorbasierter Bodenkarten zu erzielenden monetären Vorteile größer ist als die für die Kartengenerierung erforderlichen Kosten.
Evaluating the disclosure risk of anonymized documents via a machine learning-based re-identification attack
Authors: Manzanares-Salor Benet , Sánchez David , Lison Pierre
Published: September 2024

The availability of textual data depicting human-centered features and behaviors is crucial for many data mining and machine learning tasks. However, data containing personal information should be anonymized prior making them available for secondary use. A variety of text anonymization methods have been proposed in the last years, which are standardly evaluated by comparing their outputs with human-based anonymizations. The residual disclosure risk is estimated with the recall metric, which quantifies the proportion of manually annotated re-identifying terms successfully detected by the anonymization algorithm. Nevertheless, recall is not a risk metric, which leads to several drawbacks. First, it requires a unique ground truth, and this does not hold for text anonymization, where several masking choices could be equally valid to prevent re-identification. Second, it relies on human judgements, which are inherently subjective and prone to errors. Finally, the recall metric weights terms uniformly, thereby ignoring the fact that the influence on the disclosure risk of some missed terms may be much larger than of others. To overcome these drawbacks, in this paper we propose a novel method to evaluate the disclosure risk of anonymized texts by means of an automated re-identification attack. We formalize the attack as a multi-class classification task and leverage state-of-the-art neural language models to aggregate the data sources that attackers may use to build the classifier. We illustrate the effectiveness of our method by assessing the disclosure risk of several methods for text anonymization under different attack configurations. Empirical results show substantial privacy risks for most existing anonymization methods.
An Inverse Cluster Expansion for the Chemical Potential
Authors: Frommer Fabio
Published: September 2024

Interacting particle systems in a finite-volume in equilibrium are often described by a grand-canonical ensemble induced by the corresponding Hamiltonian, i.e. a finite-volume Gibbs measure. However, in practice, directly measuring this Hamiltonian is not possible, as such, methods need to be developed to calculate the Hamiltonian potentials from measurable data. In this work, we give an expansion of the chemical potential in terms of the correlation functions of such a system in the thermodynamic limit. This is a justification of a formal approach of Nettleton and Green from the 50’s, that can be seen as an inverse cluster expansion.
Identification of potential NUDT5 inhibitors from marine bacterial natural compounds via molecular dynamics and free energy landscape analysis
Authors: Dubey Amit , Alanazi Amer M. , Bhardwaj Rima , Ragusa Andrea
Published: September 2024

NUDIX hydrolase 5 (NUDT5) is an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of nucleoside diphosphates linked to other moieties, such as ADP-ribose. This cofactor is vital in redox reactions and is essential for the activity of sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, which are involved in DNA repair and genomic stability. It has been shown that NUDT5 activity can also influence NAD+ homeostasis, thereby affecting cancer cell metabolism and survival. In this regard, the discovery of NUDT5 inhibitors has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach in cancer treatment. In this study, we conducted a high-throughput virtual screening of marine bacterial compounds against the NUDT5 enzyme and four molecules were selected based on their docking scores. These compounds established strong interactions within the NUDT5 active site, with molecular analysis highlighting the key role of Trp28A and Trp46B residues. Molecular dynamics simulations over 200 ns indicated a stable behavior, in association with root mean square deviation values always below 3 Å, suggesting conformational stability. Free energy landscape analysis further supported their potential as NUDT5 inhibitors, offering avenues for novel therapeutic strategies against NUDT5-associated breast cancer.
Exploring Domains of Quality-of-Life with Vulnerable Young People in Bogotá: A Capability Approach Perspective
Authors: Bucheli Juan Fernando
Published: September 2024

Young adults aged 18–28 represent a pivotal demographic whose experiences of inequality significantly shape their life trajectories in cities. Despite their potential for innovation and social advancement, public agendas often marginalize their needs and aspirations. This paper explores urban inequality among young adults by examining how they define and value different aspects of their daily lives when urban inequality is at play. Drawing on focus group discussions in two socioeconomically segregated urban districts in Bogotá, this paper employs the capability approach to construct a comprehensive list of 15 capability domains that young adults use to define and value their daily experiences. The paper adds to the existing literature a detail a step-by-step process involving the identification, selection, and ranking of relevant capabilities, with young adults actively engaged in value judgements through a deliberative process of public reasoning. Findings reveal that quality-of-life domains for young adults extend beyond traditional youth policy sectors, encompassing political participation, public space and mobility, social norms, and independence. The results not only expand the scope of existing youth agendas but also align with demands expressed during recent social unrest in Colombia and the region, where young adults have played a central and vocal role.
Development of Material Sensors Made of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel for Load Monitoring
Authors: Gansel René , Heinrich Christian , Lohrengel Armin , Maier Hans Jürgen , Barton Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Metastable stainless steels can be used as a load-sensitive sensor. In combination with an eddy current testing system, mechanical overloads of a component can be detected directly during operation. Material sensors were prepared by shot peening fatigue specimen of metastable austenitic steel to obtain a martensitic surface layer and a local heating by a laser beam to obtain an austenitic area in the layer. In order to investigate the response of the material sensor to overload and achieve different trigger thresholds, the thermal energy applied to create the sensor material and the geometry of the material sensors were varied. It is shown that the austenitized volume and the martensite fraction in the material sensor correlate with the phase of the eddy current signals. Starting from the martensitic surface layer, the phase decreases as the austenitized volume increases. If martensite formation takes place due to an overload, the phase increases as a result. To determine the threshold stress needed to trigger the material sensor, cyclic rotating bending tests were carried out on austenitic stainless steel 1.4301 (AISI 304). In step tests, the bending stress was gradually increased and subsequently ex-situ eddy current testing was carried out. The potential for predicting and classifying an overload is significantly greater with a higher applied thermal energy. Three different sensor geometries (rhombus, cross and ring) were employed in tests. In comparison, the rhombus-shaped material sensor provided the greatest potential for load history interpretation due to the significant phase change.