bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paired Associative Stimulation using Brain-Computer Interfaces for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Pilot study
Authors: Cho Woosang , Sabathiel Nikolaus , Ortner Rupert , Lechner Alexander , Irimia Danut C. , Allison Brendan Z. , Edlinger Guenter , Guger Christoph
Published: November 2016

Conventional therapies do not provide paralyzed patients with closed-loop sensorimotor integration for motor rehabilitation. Paired associative stimulation (PAS) uses brain-computer interface (BCI) technology to monitor patients’ movement imagery in real-time, and utilizes the information to control functional electrical stimulation (FES) and bar feedback for complete sensorimotor closed loop. To realize this approach, we introduce the recoveriX system, a hardware and software platform for PAS. After 10 sessions of recoveriX training, one stroke patient partially regained control of dorsiflexion in her paretic wrist. A controlled group study is planned with a new version of the recoveriX system, which will use a new FES system and an avatar instead of bar feedback.
Android platform for realtime gait tracking using inertial measurement units
Authors: Aqueveque Pablo , Sobarzo Sergio , Saavedra Francisco , Maldonado Claudio , Gómez Britam
Published: November 2016

One of the most important movements performed by the humans is gait. Biomechanical Gait analysis is usually by optical capture systems. However, such systems are expensive and sensitive to light and obstacles. In order to reduce those costs a system based on Inertial Measurements Units (IMU) is proposed. IMU are a good option to make movement analisys indoor with a low post-processing data, allowing to connect those systems to an Android platform. The design is based on two elements: a) The IMU sensors and the b) Android device. The IMU sensor is simple, small (35 x 35 mm), portable and autonomous (7.8 hrs). A resolution of 0.01° in their measurements is obtained, and sends data via Bluetooth link. The Android application works for Android 4.2 or higher, and it is compatible with Bluetooth devices 2.0 or higher. Three IMU sensors send data to a Tablet wirelessly, in order to evaluate the angles evolution for each joint of the leg (hip, knee and ankle). This information is used to calculate gait index and evaluate the gait quality online during the physical therapist is working with the patient.
BCI-Triggered functional electrical stimulation therapy for upper limb
Authors: Marquez-Chin Cesar , Marquis Aaron , Popovic Milos R.
Published: November 2016

We present here the integration of brain-computer interfacing (BCI) technology with functional electrical stimulation therapy to restore voluntary function. The system was tested with a single man with chronic (6 years) severe left hemiplegia resulting from a stroke. The BCI, implemented as a simple “brain-switch” activated by power decreases in the 18 Hz – 28 Hz frequency range of the participant’s electroencephalograpic signals, triggered a neuroprosthesis designed to facilitate forward reaching, reaching to the mouth, and lateral reaching movements. After 40 90-minute sessions in which the participant attempted the reaching tasks repeatedly, with the movements assisted by the BCI-triggered neuroprosthesis, the participant’s arm function showed a clinically significant six point increase in the Fugl-Meyer Asessment Upper Extermity Sub-Score. These initial results suggest that the combined use of BCI and functional electrical stimulation therapy may restore voluntary reaching function in individuals with chronic severe hemiplegia for whom the rehabilitation alternatives are very limited.
Electrical stimulation to reduce the overload in upper limbs during sitting pivot transfer in paraplegic: a preliminary study
Authors: Lopes Ana Claudia G. , Ochoa-Diaz Claudia , Baptista Roberto S. , Fonseca Lucas O. , Fattal Charles , Azevedo Coste Christine , Bó Antônio P.L. , Fachin-Martins Emerson
Published: November 2016

Transfer is a key ability and allows greater interact with the environment and social participation. Conversely, paraplegics have great risk of pain and injury in the upper limbs due to joint overloads during activities of daily living, like transfer. The main goal of this study is to verify if the use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) in the lower limbs of paraplegic individuals can assist the sitting pivot transfer (SPT). The secondary objective is to verify if there is a greater participation of the lower limbs during lift pivot phase. A preliminary study was done with one complete paraplegic individual. Temporal parameters were calculated and a kinetic assessment was done during the SPT. The preliminary results showed the feasibility of FES for assisting the SPT.
Multisensor classification system for triggering FES in order to support voluntary swallowing
Authors: Riebold Benjamin , Nahrstaedt Holger , Schultheiss Corinna , Seidl Rainer O. , Schauer Thomas
Published: November 2016

In dysphagia the ability of elevating the larynx and hyoid is usually impaired. Electromyography (EMG) and Bioimpedance (BI) measurements at the neck can be used to trigger functional electrical stimulation (FES) of swallowing related muscles. Nahrstaedt et al.1 introduced an algorithm to trigger the stimulation in phase with the voluntary swallowing to improve the airway closure and elevation speed of the larynx and hyoid. However, due to non-swallow related movements like speaking, chewing or head turning, stimulations might be unintentionally triggered. So far a switch was used to enable the BI/EMG-triggering of FES when the subject was ready to swallow, which is inconvenient for practical use. In this contribution, a range image camera system is introduced to obtain data of head, mouth, and jaw movements. This data is used to apply a second classification step to reduce the number of false stimulations. In experiments with healthy subjects, the amount of potential false stimulations could be reduced by 47% while 83% of swallowing intentions would have been correctely supported by FES.
Quantifying altitude of human habitation in studies of human health using geographical name server data
Authors: Thielke Stephen , Slatore Christopher G. , Banks William A.
Published: November 2016

Almost all studies examining the effects of altitude on human health have estimated the geographical altitude of defined regions, yet the primary interest lies in where people live, not the land around them. Populations are not homogenously distributed across altitudes. We propose a straightforward and computationally simple method for estimating the average altitude of habitation within the regional units for which health statistics are typically reported (such as counties). The United States Board on Geographical Names database contains records for over 2.7 million places, which can be processed to select places that are associated with human habitation. These points can easily be averaged by region yielding a representative altitude of human habitation within city, county, state regions, or by longitude and latitude zones. We provide an example of using this approach in a study of human health, and compare it with three other previously used methods of estimating altitude for counties.
Modelling of the distribution of Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria straminea in the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Verônica Santos , E Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula Souza , Loyo Rodrigo Moraes , Barbosa Constança Simões
Published: November 2016

The occurrence of schistosomiasis is directly linked to the presence of its snail intermediate host Biomphalaria spp. Knowledge of geographical distribution, habitats and behaviour of these snails in relation to the climate is essential for guiding measures for disease prevention and control. This study aims to model the distribution of B. glabrata and B. straminea in schistosomiasis non-endemic areas of the metropolitan region of Recife (MRR) based on environmental data and estimates of snail distributions in endemic and neighbouring areas. We applied Kriging with the aim of determining the spatial distribution of these two snail species and MaxEnt for modelling their ecological behaviour. Kriging showed that the North and the Centre of the MRR were generally either snail-free or contained only B. straminea, while both snail species could be found in the South. MaxEnt supported our observation that the northern and southern coastal regions were favoured by B. glabrata and diurnal mean temperature variation; July rainfall and November rainfall were the three variables favouring Biomphalaria breeding sites that contributed the most in the predictive model we developed. The study showed the location of areas suitable to Biomphalaria spp. and therefore at potential risk, first for invasion of these snails and later for the development of new schistosomiasis- endemic areas. This information should be useful, not only to estimate expansion possibilities of this disease in the MRR, but also to point out the climatic variables that would contribute to this expansion, thereby allowing timely application of prevention and control measures.
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: what the neurologist should know
Authors: Vilaça Celmir De Oliveira , Orsini Marco , Araujo Leite Marco A. , De Freitas Marcos R.G. , Davidovich Eduardo , Fiorelli Rossano , Fiorelli Stenio , Fiorelli Camila , Oliveira Acary Bulle , Pessoa Bruno Lima
Published: November 2016

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a wellknown cause of disability among older people. A significant amount of these patients is asymptomatic. Once the symptoms start, the worsening may follow a progressive manner. We should suspect of spondylotic myelopathy in any individual over 55 years presenting progressive changes in gait or losing fine motor control of the upper limbs. Despite its frequent prevalence, this condition is still neglected and many times confused with other supratentorial lesions regarding diagnostic. Here we address some of most important aspects of this disease, calling attention to pathophysiology, the natural history, presentation, differential diagnosis, clinical assessment, and treatment.
Hb I-Toulouse in Association with Homozygosity for the α3.7 Deletion in a Pacific Island Woman
Authors: Pullon Beverley
Published: November 2016

Only four cases of Hb I-Toulouse have been reported to date. Current literature associates Hb I-Toulouse in the heterozygote with a mild chronic hemolytic anemia. The variant is mildly unstable with a tendency to form metHb. The quantity of the variant in heterozygotes has been reported as varying between 33 to 40%. This report confirms the finding from a single case, that a reduced percentage of Hb IToulouse along with microcytosis can be attributed to the co-inheritance of an abnormal α globin genotype. This current case was found in a woman of Pacific People ethnicity residing in New Zealand. There is a high prevalence of α thalassemia in this ethnic group and New Zealand has the highest Pacific population in the world. Therefore, if a reduced percentage of Hb I-Toulouse is found with microcytosis and normal iron studies, co-inheritance with α thalassemia should be considered.
Graham Duncan Dedication – A tribute
Authors: Buitendag Johan
Published: November 2016

No abstract available
A Congruence Modulo Four for Real Schubert Calculus with Isotropic Flags
Authors: Hein Nickolas , Sottile Frank , Zelenko Igor
Published: November 2016

We previously obtained a congruence modulo four for the number of real solutions to many Schubert problems on a square Grassmannian given by osculating flags. Here we consider Schubert problems given by more general isotropic flags, and prove this congruence modulo four for the largest class of Schubert problems that could be expected to exhibit this congruence.
Оценки и поведение величин $P(x)$, $\Delta(x)$ на коротких интервалах
Authors: Popov Dmitrii Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2016

Исследуются зависимости оценок сверху величины $|P(n)|$ от некоторых характеристик поведения $|P(x)|$ в окрестности точки $x=n$. В частности, показано: если $n$ - точка локального максимума величины $|P(x)|$, при этом $|P(n)|>Cn^{1/4}$ и этот максимум широкий ($|P(x)-P(n)|<B|P(n)|$, $B<1$, если $|x-n|Cn^{1/4+\varepsilon}$.
Библиография: 21 наименование.
Усиление теоремы Бургейна-Конторовича. IV
Authors: Kan Igor' Davidovich
Published: November 2016

Доказано, что знаменатели тех конечных цепных дробей, все неполные частные которых принадлежат алфавиту $\{1,2,3,4\}$, образуют множество положительной плотности. Ранее аналогичная теорема была известна лишь для алфавитов большей мощности. Впервые результат такого рода для алфавита $\{1,2,…,50\}$ получили в 2011 г. Я. Бургейн и А. Конторович. Далее, в 2013 г. автор статьи совместно с Д. А. Фроленковым доказали аналогичную теорему для алфавита $\{1,2,3,4,5\}$. Результат автора 2014 г., предшествующий настоящему, относился к алфавиту $\{1,2,3,4,10\}$.
Библиография: 13 наименований.
Бесконечные детерминантные меры и эргодическое разложение мер Пикрелла. III. Бесконечный бесселев процесс как предел радиальных частей конечномерных проекций бесконечных мер Пикрелла
Authors: Bufetov Aleksandr Igorevich
Published: November 2016

В третьей части работы завершено доказательство основного результата - описания эргодического разложения бесконечных мер Пикрелла. Сначала доказывается, что скейлинговый предел детерминантных мер, отвечающих радиальным частям мер Пикрелла есть в точности бесконечный бесселев процесс, введенный в первой части работы. Доказывается, что "гауссов параметр" для эргодических компонент почти наверное равен нулю, для чего каждой конфигурации сопоставляется конечная мера, и сходимость к скейлинговому пределу устанавливается в пространстве конечных мер на пространстве конечных мер. Наконец, доказывается сингулярность мер Пикрелла, отвечающих различным значениям параметра.
Библиография: 12 наименований.
Principales componentes de la imagen corporativa de entidades culturales
Authors: Ramis Carrasco María , Pérez Cabañero Carmen
Published: November 2016

En el presente articulo se lleva a cabo un análisis de la imagen corporativa de una entidad cultural con el objetivo de destacar la importancia de la misma a la hora de elaborar estrategias relacionadas con la gestión cultural. Se ha investigado qué atributos concretos son mejor valorados por el público y qué dimensiones generales componen la imagen corporativa de la entidad. Basándonos en la literatura revisada, se ha realizado una entrevista en profundidad al gestor de programación de la entidad y una encuesta descriptiva a sus espectadores mediante un cuestionario estructurado. Los resultados de los análisis muestran que la imagen corporativa de la entidad analizada es positiva, si bien es cierto que se pueden mejorar ciertos aspectos.
Fracaso o mutación: Un derrotero azaroso tras una pérdida de objetivos
Authors: Ruvira Palau Lucas
Published: November 2016

Es sabido que el término “cultura” es muy polisémico. El concepto al que hace alusión, aún con escasos siglos de existencia es muy amplio y abarca un sinfín de definiciones y connotaciones, que han tratado etólogos, antropólogos y educadores en sus diferentes campos. Pero en casi todas ellas subyace una visión de transmisión de conocimiento, así como de progresividad y crecimiento. El desarrollo cultural puede considerarse como un imperativo de conducta para el desarrollo personal y social. Sin embargo, en los últimos tiempos tal imperativo parece difuminarse en una acepción más laxa de su significado, en donde caben otras acepciones más espurias, dando paso a la articulación de discursos que se alejan mucho de su objetivo original.

¿Es la cultura un medio para producir desarrollo? ¿O es el desarrollo un medio para producir cultura? ¿Deberían ser los agentes culturales o los educadores sociales sobre quienes recaiga la responsabilidad de enderezar esta deriva influida por los mercados de consumo? ¿Deben éstos, acaso, limitarse a redistribuir las demandas y las ofertas?
 En el marco de nuestro sistema económico, quizá la clave de esta mutación o fracaso de la cultura puede encontrarse en una creciente práctica de la actividad cultual como un fenómeno ritual y ocioso, que pone mayor acento en el beneficio económico que su práctica aporta, dejando de lado su importante papel en el desarrollo y conocimiento sobre diferentes materias. Como actitud, la cultura, antes que un laissez faire, debiera ser un diálogo y no una aceptación y sumisión a un pensamiento único impuesto por el sistema.
Seasonal prediction of winter haze days in the north central North China Plain
Authors: Yin Zhicong , Wang Huijun
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Recently, the winter (December–February) haze pollution over the north central North China Plain (NCP) has become severe. By treating the year-to-year increment as the predictand, two new statistical schemes were established using the multiple linear regression (MLR) and the generalized additive model (GAM). By analyzing the associated increment of atmospheric circulation, seven leading predictors were selected to predict the upcoming winter haze days over the NCP (WHDNCP). After cross validation, the root mean square error and explained variance of the MLR (GAM) prediction model was 3.39 (3.38) and 53 % (54 %), respectively. For the final predicted WHDNCP, both of these models could capture the interannual and interdecadal trends and the extremums successfully. Independent prediction tests for 2014 and 2015 also confirmed the good predictive skill of the new schemes. The predicted bias of the MLR (GAM) prediction model in 2014 and 2015 was 0.09 (−0.07) and −3.33 (−1.01), respectively. Compared to the MLR model, the GAM model had a higher predictive skill in reproducing the rapid and continuous increase of WHDNCP after 2010.
Stable carbon isotope gradients in benthic foraminifera as proxy for organic carbon fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Theodor Marc , Schmiedl Gerhard , Jorissen Frans , Mackensen Andreas
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We have determined stable carbon isotope ratios of epifaunal and shallow infaunal benthic foraminifera in the Mediterranean Sea to relate the inferred gradient of pore water δ13CDIC to varying trophic conditions. This is a prerequisite for developing this difference into a potential transfer function for organic matter flux rates. The data set is based on samples retrieved from a well-defined bathymetric range (400–1500 m water depth) of sub-basins in the western, central, and eastern Mediterranean Sea. Regional contrasts in organic matter fluxes and associated δ13CDIC of pore water are recorded by the δ13C difference (Δδ13CUmed-Epi) between the shallow infaunal Uvigerina mediterranea and epifaunal species (Planulina ariminensis, Cibicidoides pachydermus, Cibicides lobatulus). Within epifaunal taxa, the highest δ13C values are recorded for P. ariminensis, providing the best indicator for bottom water δ13CDIC. In contrast, C. pachydermus reveals minor pore water effects at the more eutrophic sites. Because of ontogenetic trends in the δ13C signal of U. mediterranea of up to 1.04 ‰, only tests larger than 600 µm were used for the development of the transfer function. The recorded differences in the δ13C values of U. mediterranea and epifaunal taxa (Δδ13CUmed-Epi) range from −0.46 to −2.13 ‰, with generally higher offsets at more eutrophic sites. The measured δ13C differences are related to site-specific differences in microhabitat, depth of the principal sedimentary redox boundary, and TOC content of the ambient sediment. The Δδ13CUmed-Epi values reveal a consistent relation to Corg fluxes estimated from satellite-derived surface water primary production in open-marine settings of the Alboran Sea, Mallorca Channel, Strait of Sicily, and southern Aegean Sea. In contrast, Δδ13CUmed-Epi values in areas affected by intense resuspension and riverine organic matter sources of the northern to central Aegean Sea and the canyon systems of the Gulf of Lion suggest higher Corg fluxes compared to the values based on recent primary production. Taking regional biases and uncertainties into account, we establish a first Δδ13CUmed-Epi-based transfer function for Corg fluxes for the Mediterranean Sea.
Seasonal streamflow forecasts for Europe – I. Hindcast verification with pseudo- and real observations
Authors: Greuell Wouter , Franssen Wietse H. P. , Biemans Hester , Hutjes Ronald W. A.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Seasonal predictions can be exploited among others to optimize hydropower energy generation, navigability of rivers and irrigation management to decrease crop yield losses. This paper is the first of two papers dealing with a model-based system built to produce seasonal hydrological forecasts (WUSHP: Wageningen University Seamless Hydrological Prediction system), applied here to Europe. The present paper presents the development and the skill evaluation of the system. In WUSHP hydrology is simulated by running the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model with forcing from bias-corrected output of ECMWF's Seasonal Forecasting System 4. The system is probabilistic. For the assessment of skill, we performed hindcast simulations (1981–2010) and a reference simulation, in which VIC was forced by gridded meteorological observations, to generate initial hydrological conditions for the hindcasts and discharge output for skill assessment (pseudo-observations). Skill is analysed with monthly temporal resolution for the entire annual cycle. Using the pseudo-observations and taking the correlation coefficient as metric, hot spots of significant skill in runoff were identified in Fennoscandia (from January to October), the southern part of the Mediterranean (from June to August), Poland, North Germany, Romania and Bulgaria (mainly from November to January) and West France (from December to May). The spatial pattern of skill is fading with increasing lead time but some skill is left at the end of the hindcasts (7 months). On average across the domain, skill in discharge is slightly higher than skill in runoff. This can be explained by the delay between runoff and discharge and the general tendency of decreasing skill with lead time. Theoretical skill as determined with the pseudo-observations was compared to actual skill as determined with real discharge observations from 747 stations. Actual skill is mostly and often substantially less than theoretical skill, which is consistent with a conceptual analysis of the two types of verification. Qualitatively, results are hardly sensitive to the different skill metrics considered in this study (correlation coefficient, ROC area and Ranked Probability Skill Score) but ROC areas tend to be slightly larger for the Below Normal than for the Above Normal tercile.
SuperQueeroes – Our LGBTI* Comic Book Heroes and Heroines Schwules Museum*, January 22-June 26, 2016
Authors: Kong Carlos
Published: November 2016

SuperQueeroes – Our LGBTI* Comic Book Heroes and Heroines at the Schwules Museum* in Berlin presents the first exhibition of queer comics in Europe. The exhibition provides a comprehensive survey of comics with LGBTI characters and narratives, primarily from Europe and America. As a foundational endeavor, SuperQueeroes raises important questions regarding the curation of both comics and the history of sexuality, whose critical examination remains relevant for the future work on queer comics that the exhibition will likely inspire.
Documenting/Performing the Vulnerable Body: Pain and Agency in Works by Boris Mikhailov and Petr Pavlensky
Authors: Nordgaard Ingrid
Published: November 2016

This article explores the concepts of pain and agency in the photography series Case History (1997–1998) by the Ukrainian photographer Boris Mikhailov, and in four performance-actions (2012–2014) by the Russian performance-activist Petr Pavlensky. Although they represent different generations and respond to different historical contexts, Mikhailov and Pavlensky share a focus on the wounded body. Taking both the documentary and performative aspects of these artworks into account, Nordgaard argues that the wounded body stands forth as a body of agency which also reflects the social, political, and historical settings in which it exists. The relational consideration of the two artists therefore offers important insights for understanding post-Soviet Ukraine and present-day Russia, and reflects on the correlation between the private and the public body. By placing Mikhailov and Pavlensky in dialogue with a broader discussion on spectatorship and the role and significance of “shock imagery” and spectacle in contemporary media, the article further suggests why artworks depicting the body in pain have both an ethical and political function.
Visions of Brotherhood; a Comparative Analysis of Direct Democracy in Ancient and Modern Greece
Authors: Marangudakis Manussos
Published: November 2016

Collective “memories” of the original democracy of classical Athens have inspired the formation of the direct-democracy, “Syntagma Square” movement. The movement, a reaction to the ongoing social crisis in Greece, challenges the legitimacy of the liberal, representative, democracy accusing the “memorandum party system” for immoral contact and treasonous collaboration with Greece’s foreign debtors. Taking this development as an opportunity to examine in situ a modern version of “direct democracy” and the cognitive patterns that animate it, the essay compares ancient and current democratic processes and reflects on their ontological and cosmological presuppositions. Employing the Weberian concept of “acosmistic brotherhood” the essay analytically explores and compares the two democratic instances and reflects on the foundations of a stable democratic regime.
“Nosotros somos los griegos, más nuestra incertidumbre. Aproximación sociológica al mundo griego antiguo”
Authors: Roche Cárcel Juan Antonio
Published: November 2016

El objetivo del presente artículo es efectuar una aproximación sociológica a los temas de los que se han ocupado los sociólogos más importantes en su mirada al universo heleno. Para ello, se establecerá una relación entre los debates y preocupaciones de la Teoría Sociológica y las reflexiones de multitud de helenistas con el fin de realizar un inventario de esa temática. Se pretende, asimismo, encontrar el origen griego de conceptos como el ser humano, la sociedad, la ciudad o la democracia contemporáneas para obtener, del saber social heleno, alternativas a algunos de nuestros problemas más apremiantes.
Implicit Cognition for Alcohol in the Workplace: An Essay Review Article for Health Promotion and Human Resources Management
Authors: Viacava Keitiline R.
Published: November 2016

Alcohol misuse is an occupational risk factor and, therefore, a regular theme in health-promotion programs in the workplace. However, Human Resources Management could expand the effectiveness of these programs, especially if implicit measures, such as attentional bias for alcohol cues were assessed. Attentional bias is an automatic behavior, which is the tendency to direct attention to emotionally relevant stimuli (e.g., pleasure, reward, danger). It was previously observed in alcohol-dependent (and non-dependent) adults and appointed as a risk marker to alcohol misuse. Thus, the aim of this paper is to theoretically address possible relationships between frequency of participation in alcohol-prevention programs in the workplace and attentional bias to alcohol cues related to drinking. We suggest that implicit measures of risk for alcohol misuse could be assessed by the organizations and that lower results could be found in employees with frequent participation in alcohol-prevention programs at work. This discussion can contribute to definitions about frequency schedules for preventive actions at work and can support the development of cognitive-oriented technologies to identify employees’ implicit motivational states in relation to health goals.
Effect of Time of Operation on Hip Fracture Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Barinaga Gonzalo , Wright Erik , Cagle Paul J. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Sayeed Zain , Chambers Monique C. , El-Othmani Mouhanad M. , Saleh Khaled J.
Published: November 2016

Introduction:

Hip fractures are a common source of morbidity, mortality, and cost burden for elderly patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with hip fracture treated during the day or night at a rural level I academic trauma center and compared the postoperative outcomes and resource utilization for both groups.

Methods:

Patients aged ≥55 years with hip fractures treated with definitive surgical fixation from April 2011 to April 2013 were included in this study. Patients who underwent surgery between 7 am and 5 pm were included in the day cohort, while those who underwent surgery between 5 pm and 7 am were included in the night cohort. A total of 441 patients met the study inclusion criteria.

Results:

Comparison of the baseline characteristics of the two cohorts did not demonstrate significant variance. Although postoperative outcomes and resource utilization trends varied between the day and night cohort, only in-hospital cost was significantly higher in the day cohort (P = 0.04). Postoperative variables, including blood loss, ∆hematocrit level, length of surgery, length of stay, time to surgery, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day readmission, did not vary significantly.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates a significantly higher cost associated with hip fracture procedures performed between 7 am and 5 pm. In addition, perioperative blood loss and length of surgery were used as markers of physician fatigue; however, no statistically significant difference among these variables was found between hip fracture intervention performed during the day versus at night.

Level of Evidence:

III, retrospective observational study
Thought Experiment Revealing a Contradiction in the Special Theory of Relativity
Authors: Suto Koshun
Published: November 2016

In the thought experiment in this paper, we considered inertial frames M and A moving at a constant velocity relative to each other. A light signal emitted from inertial frame A, when time of a clock in inertial frame A was 1(s), arrived at inertial frame M when time of a clock in inertial frame M was 2(s). In this paper, the time in inertial frame A when the time in inertial frame M was 2(s) was predicted by observers in inertial frames M and A by applying the special theory of relativity (STR). Predictions of the two observers did not match. Einstein regarded all inertial frames as equivalent, but there are cases where a velocity vector is attached to some inertial frame. Einstein overlooked this fact, and thus a discrepancy appeared in the values predicted by the two observers. It is not the case that all inertial frames are equivalent. This paper concludes that the STR is a theory incorporating a contradiction which must be corrected.
Formation of Elements and Compounds in Space in Early Universe
Authors: Bhuiyan Abdul L.
Published: November 2016

At the end of the period of contraction of the universe, all objects transform into gravity particles such as photons and electron- positron pairs which exist in virtual state in spacetime at an extremely high temperature. These particles move with extremely high speed comparable to the speed of light. As the early universe starts cooling, the speed of the particles starts to decrease when photons and electron- positron pairs move out of spacetime and appear as real particles. As the temperature continues to fall due to cooling, the electron- positron pairs start forming quarks (u and d) while simultaneously the energy of photons transform into dark matter. The u quarks and d quarks then continue to form nuclei of different elements including radio elements. Simultaneously, the lighter elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, etc. form the precursors to DNAs and RNAs of living organisms.
The Nature and Realization of Quantum Entanglement
Authors: Liang Bin
Published: November 2016

This paper analyses the nature of quantum entanglement, proves the quantum entanglement is not action at a distance, proposes a scheme to realize quantum entanglement, explains that the quantum entanglement is not action at a distance and the non-cloning theorem of quantum state ensure the quantum mechanics is consistent with relativity and make the superluminal communication could not happened.
Trajectory Modelling of Atmospheric Pollutants Associated with Aircraft Emissions for Air Quality Assessment
Authors: Oliveira Marilia Mitidieri Fernandes de , Ebecken Nelson Francisco Favilla , Oliveira Jorge Luiz Fernandes de , Aires Marina , De Castro Jr Jose Maria
Published: November 2016

Aviation is suffering a large increase in recent years and as result there is a consequent increase in emissions of air pollutants. The highest exposure levels of air pollution in airports and near them are found in the Landing and Take-off (LTO) cycle responsible for negative impacts on air quality. The city of Rio de Janeiro, in the coastal region of the South East of Brazil, has two major airports; the International airport and one for domestic flights. Both are near the Guanabara Bay (GB), in Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro (MRRJ). In this research, it was verified the pollutant trajectories emitted by these two airports using the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (BRAMS) to generate wind fields in the MRRJ. From the wind fields, 3D kinematic trajectories Lagrangian model was used to calculate the pollutant trajectories. Atmospheric instability indices were tested from the BRAMS simulations to verify the days with more stable atmospheric conditions in winter month. The Total Totals index (TT) was selected to be more appropriate for the purpose of this study. Obtained results showed that the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias, in the western of the MRRJ, are critical points to be affected continually by pollutant transport due to the prevailing meteorological conditions, harming the air quality in the region. These models captured the influence of mesoscale and large-scale systems, showing the dependence of the trajectories of both systems related to the season and time of day. They are important tools in decision-making for the control of emissions, contributing to better management of urban air quality.
Analysis of the Crime of Unlawful Seizure of State and Public Property
Authors: Kouhbaei Kamran
Published: November 2016

Unlawful seizure has the importance and a particular priority (from the criminal dimension) as one of the abuses of government officers than state and public funds and property in the legislative system. This importance is so strong that crimes in the unlawful seizure warrants in non-criminal laws in the years after the revolution. Unlawful seizure is including crimes against state property (in the general sense) that can be studied among criminal law from the crimes issues against property and ownership. Since the perpetrators of the crime are from the employees of governmental and public agencies Due to the lack of expertise, increasing the charge of the government and large volumes of laws and regulations are not aware of the three elements of the crime. Abundant contact of staff with the attracted target and their extension, that in the meantime, control all aspects of those objectives is facing constraints caused by government departments with the highest number of regulatory bodies in the field of witness. Also weakness of moral values and fading of the obscenity of crimes is caused reputational reduce costs and increase the number of perpetrators of crime detection, and is resulted the inability of management and supervisory institutions in the control of crime. In the prevention of this crime, relying on secondary prevention in people at risk of criminal policy can be effective, and training the various concepts and concepts that are effective in reducing crime. In any form, strengthening of regulatory bodies and religious and ethical values, transparency of rules as the best way of preventing or reducing crime in the area has been proposed. In this study, the author tries to explain the crime of illegal possession of public funds in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure the country. It should be noted that this type of research in the article will be libraries and analytical method, data and information.
The Analysis of the Component of the Political Legitimacy from the Perspective of Islamic-Iranian Intellectual Trends
Authors: Ashayeri Habib , Mayeli Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2016

The study of the component of the political legitimacy in particular from the perspective of Islamic-Iranian intellectual trends during the third to eight centuries A.H. shows the drawing of a pyramid-shape society either from the viewpoint of political philosophy or other trends. In this case, the views of Farabi, Avicenna, Khajeh Nasir and other thinkers can be referred to, such that it will be possible to establish a common attribute among the ideal king society, philosopher king and Imam or Sultan within the framework of Iranian – Islamic political thought.

Of course all thinkers consider some distinguishing features for the head and ruler based on their own thoughts and analyses. However, accepting the belief of “Imamate”, [The Shia Islamic Doctrine], the Shiites placed the concept of legitimacy within a specific framework based on the rule of grace and also Qur-anic exact text.
Imam is the legitimate ruler and he is the one who has been determined and appointed based on the exact text from the predecessor of Ali (a.s.), from the generation of Fatemeh (s) and from the branch of Hussein ibn Ali, so if it occurs, it is legitimate, i.e. it is based on religious laws.
Supporting Individual and Society as One of the Principles of Citizenship Rights in Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Shafiei Mohammad Saeed , Nematollahi Meysam
Published: November 2016

Citizenship rights is an obvious issue and one must defend the rights of citizens; but at the same time, we must consider the social realities of a society. When one speaks of the rights of citizens in a society, it does not mean to abide it and this right must be respected especially by government officials. To achieve this objective, the emphasis on understanding, implementation, and observance of citizenship rights should become as a culture and the government should do its supportive measures and efforts fairly and accurately so that social anomalies that are rooted in the lack of abiding citizenship rights, do not spread in the society. Therefore, it should be said that citizens, society, and the government are the three vertices if citizenship rights triangle, as the existence of all vertices is necessary. In this article, we discuss the concepts of citizenship rights and evaluate and assess the supporting principles of the individual and society which are considered as the government’s duties. The reason for studying this issue is to find out why to support individual and society rights? Is this support a citizenship right? The aim of this study is to review citizenship rights including socio-political rights, economic rights and social welfare, judicial and cultural rights as well as supporting principles of the individual and society. To do this study, articles, and various books were studied and fundamentals of supporting the individual and society were developed and extracted. This review showed that supporting individual and community are including citizenship rights, and has been emphasized in all laws and international conventions.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 9, No. 10
Authors: Sheng Vivian
Published: November 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 9, No. 10, 2016.
Local Government Services and Social Margins: The Case of Plantation Community in Sri Lanka
Authors: Vijesandiran S. , Ramesh R.
Published: November 2016

Decentralization and local governance have been perceived as an effective tool for efficient, accountable, responsive and impartial public service delivery to all segments of citizens irrespective of ethnicity, race, gender, caste, language, social groupings etc. This paper, thus, throws more light on local government service delivery in the minority regions, especially looking at the status of plantation community in the local governance structures in Sri Lanka. The study finds that although Sri Lanka has adopted decentralized local government system at different levels, it has often been failed to effectively accommodate and address interests of ethno-linguistic minorities –Plantation Tamils. Exclusion of the plantation community in the service delivery of local government authorities has been a significant flaw of local government system which fundamentally challenges the notion of inclusive state, quality of government and democracy. The study particularly explores major factors that preclude plantation community from enjoying local government services. This issue, thus, stems a critical question about their status of citizenship rights and quality of governance in Sri Lanka. This study also may be a reflection of the plight of minorities in other multi-ethnic nations where discriminatory laws and policies affect right to access local governance and democracy.
Dates Palm Replanting Sustainable Strategies and Risk Aversion in Oman
Authors: M. Ishag Kheiry Hassan
Published: November 2016

Date Palm (ploenix dactylifera) is the most important cultivar and economic fruit in Middle East and Oman and occupies 35% of total cultivated area and 78% of the total fruit trees area in Oman. The Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries attempted to improve Date Production but due to environmental constrains and climate change agricultural production has shown instability in production and resources degradation. The Government announced Date Palm replanting and replacement of 800 thousand date palm trees up to 2020. The study applied a stochastic modeling approach to evaluate Date Palm varieties in Batinah Region of Oman and identify the most sustainable and risk efficient varieties. Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function (SERF) performed and found that Naghal variety is the most risk efficient variety followed by Shahil and Khussab variety. Certainly Equivalent CE values over a range of risk aversion coefficients are calculated by using (SERF) analysis. The study reveals that optimal replanting age is 55 years for Khussab variety at Batinah Region. Date Palm Replanting and replacement program in Oman should consider farming system and economic sustainability. Adaptable Date Palm variety in term of drought and salt tolerance varieties, Date quality and price parameters need to be addressed. The market absorption of Date variety and consumer preference is important factor and needs to be considered by policy maker in Date Replacement Program. Risk premium of RO 533 per one hectare can be given to Farmer as economic incentives to keep Um Saila Date Palm variety in their land and encourage replanting low yield sustainable varieties in marginal area and improve crop diversification for each region.
Profit Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Cambodia The Differences between Organic and Conventional Farming
Authors: Khoy Rada , Nanseki Teruaki , Chomei Yosuke
Published: November 2016

This article highlights some important issues regarding the relative profit efficiency of organic and conventional farming in selected study areas of Cambodia, by estimating pool and separate profit frontiers of the two groups and accounting for the self-selection problem. We identify the relationship between the efficiency score from each frontier with farmers’ characteristics. The results indicate that farmers cannot manage their rice farming effectively in larger fields and fail to optimize their labor input and costs owing to limited skills and knowledge in rice production. Organic fertilizers can help to increase farmers’ rice income, while chemical fertilizers are less effective in doing so. Interestingly, being an organic farmer had no effect on farmers’ income elasticity when we conducted pool frontier estimation. However, these results were rejected by an LR test that was favorable to the estimation of a separate frontier, which suggested a better efficiency score if farmers adopted organic farming. We found some significant factors influencing the efficiency score, including education, own-tractor, and credit use (negative correlation) and selling, other farming, and number of poultry (positive correlation). Off farm was negatively correlated with the efficiency score in organic farming, but positively correlated in matched conventional.
Fiabilidad de las críticas hoteleras autenticadas y no autenticadas: El caso de TripAdvisor y Booking.com
Authors: Balagué Cristina , Martin-Fuentes Eva , Gómez M. Jesús
Published: November 2016

El presente estudio analiza el Electronic Word Of Mouth (eWOM) en el sector turístico
a través de TripAdvisor y Booking.com. Este trabajo pretende comprobar si las críticas sobre
la falta de veracidad de los comentarios de TripAdvisor están fundamentadas, comparando los
rankings de hoteles en cinco ciudades españolas con los del portal de reservas Booking.com.
Los resultados revelan que existe una correlación entre ambos rankings, indicando así
que la falsificación y la manipulación de opiniones en TripAdvisor no es característica al
igual que se constata que a mayor categoría hotelera mejores posiciones en el ranking y que
la cantidad de comentarios influye en el ranking.
Aplicación de un modelo cuantitativo objetivo para la medición de la competitividad de los destinos turísticos
Authors: Rodríguez-Antón José Miguel , Rubio Andrada Luis , Alonso-Almeida María del Mar , Celemín Pedroche María Soledad
Published: November 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en proponer un modelo cuantitativo objetivo de
competitividad de los países como destinos turísticos. Este modelo, basado en el propuesto
por el World Economic Forum, está compuesto exclusivamente por indicadores extraídos
de bases de datos y de estadísticas elaboradas por instituciones públicas o privadas. Para
determinar los pesos que cada uno de los pilares y variables que lo integran, se distribuyó un
cuestionario a una muestra formada por 186 profesionales del sector turismo, especialistas
del sector turismo y profesores universitarios, que dio lugar a un modelo lineal de competitividad turística, el cual fue aplicado a los 28 países que integran la Unión Europea, resultando que Alemania es el país con mayor competitividad turística, seguido por Italia, Reino Unido, Francia y España.
ОСОБЕНОСТИ ЗУКОВИЋЕВЕ ПРОЗЕ
Authors: Ковачевић Војо Н.
Published: November 2016

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СТАТУС СРПСКОГА ЈЕЗИКА НА УНИВЕРЗИТЕТИМА У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ
Authors: Бабић Миланка Ј. , Сладоје-Бошњак Биљана М.
Published: November 2016

Апстракт: У раду се анализира статус српског језика на универзитетимау Босни и Херцеговини, при чему се посматра заступљеност његовог имена у на-ставниим планова и програма језичких предмета српских, хрватских и бошњачкихфилолошких и учитељских факултета, као и у релевантној литератури и уџбени-цима који се програмима препоручују. Мишљење младих о значају имена језика, омеђузависности националног и културног идентитета и језика и писма провјера-ва се анкетом проведеном међу студентима Филозофског факултета Универзи-тета у Источном Сарајеву.
КОНТРАНЕГАЦИЈА У КЛАУЗАМА ФИНАЛНИХ РЕЧЕНИЦА
Authors: Ковачевић Милош M.
Published: November 2016

У раду1 се, примјеном структурно-семантичке методе, анали-зира један специфичан тип остварења негације у зависносложеној реченици срп-скога језика. У питању је негација у финалним реченицама сљедећег типа: Нисмодошли у Стокхолм да изгубимо. У оваквим финалним реченицама негација је смје-штена у основну клаузу, али она не дјелује на садржај основне него на садржај за-висне клаузе, па има статус клаузалне контранегације. У раду се даје анализа ге-незе оваквих реченица, уз издвајање и опис њихових структурних и семантичкихкарактеристика првенствено условљених специфичношћу саме контранегације