bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of the Public Engagement in the Reconstruction and Revival of the Distressed Urban Textures: Case Study of District 4 in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Momeni Mehdi
Published: November 2015

Old textures suffer deficiencies in terms of answering the needs of the today’s life due to old age and the resultant weariness and destruction and even the lack of urban facilities and equipment. When the urban life in part of a city becomes stagnant and no efforts are made to regain its boom. The urban texture in that area will be exposed to wearing out. The goal of this study is to review the existing drawbacks and bottlenecks in the process of the revival of the distressed texture of one of the neighborhoods located in District 4, Isfahan, called Kerdabad. The research method is applied in nature and follows a descriptive analytic approach. The findings of the research covers issues such as incompatible applications, resulting in the fact that 80 percent of respondents attribute their dissatisfaction from the environmental conditions of the neighborhood to workshop areas and agricultural fields in the margin of their neighborhood which in turn has resulted in slum life problems in the neighborhood and formation of an inconsistent social context in which 63 percent of the people are dissatisfied of these conditions. While 70 percent of the respondents express their willingness to refurbish their houses, only 73 percent of the respondents attribute proximity to their workplace as the main reason why they prefer to stay in the neighborhood and 89 inhabitants are not well satisfied with the urban services delivered. 
The Moderating Effect of Religiosity on the Relationship between Technology Readiness and Diffusion of E-Commerce
Authors: Ali Basharat , Baluch Nazim , Udin Zulkifli Mohamed
Published: November 2015

Developing states, following the theory of “the survival of the fittest”, are severely in need of building up their electronic commerce for their economic survival on the globe. Beside other challenges, developing states are lagging behind in terms of technology readiness (TR). Another leading factor, particularly within the practicing Muslim communities, could be the impact of religiosity that has been unanimously found playing an immense role in buyers’ buying attitude, judgment of product price and quality. Having an immense influence, it affects both intra-personally and interpersonally. Furthermore, religiosity shapes consumers’ mind-set, learning and life style and is also considered as one of the significant factors with regards to hi-tech innovations adoption. This paper puts light on the relevant and valuable perspectives: technology readiness, religiosity and diffusion of electronic commerce, in the perspective of Muslim majority developing countries. While contributing to the field of knowledge, the study highlights the importance of technology readiness and trust in the diffusion process of electronic commerce. Looking into the moderating effect of religiosity in this regard, it underlines the unique features (completeness, universality, ever-greenness and applicability) of Islam including the moderate approach of Islam, toward technologies including e-commerce, thus boosting up electronic commerce trade. While, possessing the practical, educational and theological implications, the study will be helpful to all the stakeholders including; prospective consumers, governmental concerned authorities and e-commerce global community.

 
Evaluation of Total Factors Productivity of Three Ilam Major Products (Wheat, Corn and Cucumbers)
Authors: Rahmati Dariush , Gholami Bahman
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the productivity of total factors Production(water, land and labor) of three Ilam major products which are wheat, corn and cucumber. This study is calculated by conventional methods of measuring productivity and production function of Cobb- Dougles. The results of this study showed that the average productivity cost (during 2000-2009) of lading the ground for irrigated farm is 111.727$ and for dry farm it is 17.468$.the average productivity in this period for lading the labors in irrigated farm of wheat is 2.932 $and for dry land ,it is 1.237 $. The Average productivity of the land for cultivation of maize is 1356600 Riyals and for work force is 26.51$.The obtained average productivity of labor and cucumber lands during this period is 1.600 and 208.833$.

Water productivity in the production of Cucumber for Dareshahr and Sarableh cities is respectively 1.112 and 0.437.Average productivity of water in cucumber productions is0.774. The differences of corn productivity of the two cities is almost the same but Mehran and Aivan have the highest and the lowest productivity in Ilam, Mehran has 0.675 and Aivan has 0.274 of productivity. The average productivity is 0.416 .The ratio of the highest and lowest value of the obtained product from each unit of water in Dareshahr is more than 4/5 times. Thus the value of the water product in the cultivation of cucumbers is over 1.729 $, while this number for wheat is only 0.367 $.
An Investigation Capability Model for Bidirectional Pedestrian Flow
Authors: Shuaib Mohammed Mahmod , Zainuddin Zarita
Published: November 2015

The pedestrian traffic flow in bidirectional walkways is very crucial aspect influenced by the level of pedestrians’ decisions. In this article, the authors show that the simulated pedestrians walking based on crowd dynamics models of low level mechanism of navigation (operational level) are short-sighted in avoiding counter flow. Such limitation resulted in unrealistic formation of motion in bidirectional flow, that the movement is less systematic and the lanes are less coherent than what in real situation. To obtain a more representative model, the authors improve the investigation capability model as a tactical decision model to be incorporated into a crowd dynamics model to reproduce better formation of motion. This is accomplished by granting the pedestrians the ability to investigate the macroscopic behaviors in their investigation areas and make decisions for convenience flow. The new model considers the average density and flow inside such areas and models their effect on the pedestrians' decisions. Simulations are performed to validate the work qualitatively by tracing the behavior of the simulated pedestrians and studying the impact of this behavior on the self-organized phenomenon: lane formation. Furthermore, the fundamental diagram of bidirectional flow is reproduced and compared with experimental fundamental diagrams.
Spectrum Classification of the Quasars from SDSS with the Redshift z~3 with PCA
Authors: Kiamehr Zeynab
Published: November 2015

The spectrum lines of different quasars (QSOs) have been investigated, emphasis on the weak emission lines existent in the Lyα forest region using principal component analysis method (PCA) in the wavelength range from 1020 to 1600Å. The first, the second and the third principal component spectra (PCS) involve 63.4, 14.5 and 6.2% of the variance respectively, as the first seven PCS involve 96.1% of the total variance. The first PCS contain peak from high ionization emission lines namely the emission lines of Lyα and Lyβ (OVI, NV, SiIV, and CIV), these peaks are sharp and strong and the second PCS has peaks from low ionization emission lines (FeII, FeIII, SiII, and CII) that these emission lines are wide and almost rounded. By using the PCS, can be produced the QSO spectra artificially that are useful for investigation of how to discover QSOs and their continuum spectrum classification. By using the weights of the first two PCS can be defined five classes: class Zero and classes from ItoIV, these classifications will help to discover the continuum spectrum in the Lyα forest. 21 continuum (Listed in Table 1) have been used upon spectrum of bright QSOs from SDSS with z~3 and a signal to noise ratio more than 20 (S/N>20) and apparent magnitude less than 18 (mg<18). Initially, by investigating the spectrum of each one of these QSOs, the QSOs were classified and the peak of emission line of Lyα belonging to each one of classes was investigated. In the rest, the result mean spectrum of 21 QSOs were compared with mean spectrum of 50 QSOs with redshift 0.14<z<1.04 in Suzuki et al. (2007).
Petroleum Taxation Contingent on Counter-factual Investment Behaviour
Authors: Osmundsen Petter , Emhjellen Magne , Johnsen Thore , Kemp Alexander , Riis Christian
Published: November 2015

Petroleum administration can be regarded as a principal-agent problem. The government allocates exploration and production rights to petroleum companies on behalf of the population. The government is the principal and the companies are agents. With the aim of capturing revenue for the state, the government devises a petroleum tax system which takes account of the investment decisions made by the companies, while acknowledging for the fact that the companies may report strategically to the government. An important issue is how tax deductions are to be treated in investment analysis. A discrepancy arises here between assumptions made in some areas of tax theory and the actual investment analyses conducted by the companies. Tax theory has given rise to discussion and controversial tax proposals for the petroleum sector in Norway, Denmark and Australia. It led, for example, to reductions in tax-related depreciation for the Norwegian petroleum industry in May 2013. The article reviews this tax debate and analyses the implications of basing tax design on counter-factual investment behaviour.
Del cooperativismo a la economía socialmente orientada
Authors: Martínez Cuero Julieta , Molina González José Luis , Valenzuela García Hugo
Published: November 2015

A partir de una revisión de la literatura sobre la economía social y de los resultados de una investigación sobre empresariado social llevada a cabo en Cataluña, hemos identificado la necesidad de avanzar en una conceptualización teórica de la “economía social” que tenga en cuenta sus orígenes, realidad actual y marco normativo pero que dé cuenta también de la relativamente reciente irrupción del fenómeno de “empresariado social” y de otras iniciativas surgidas a partir de la crisis financiera e inspiradas especialmente en el modelo cooperativo. A partir del análisis crítico de las características atribuidas al “empresariado social” por actores públicos y privados, se propone el concepto de “economía socialmente orientada” como campo que incluye tanto la economía social tradicional como los nuevos espacios orientados bien al mercado, bien al intercambio, pero que toman en cualquier caso la economía social como modelo.
Proposta de atividade para o quinto ano do ensino fundamental: Algoritmos Desplugados
Authors: Santos Gustavo , Silva Wine , Cavalheiro Simone , Foss Luciana , Aguiar Marilton , Pernas Ana Marilza , Bois Andre Du , Reiser Renata
Published: November 2015

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de atividade a ser desenvolvida em escolas públicas, para turmas do quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental, com objetivo de promover habilidades do Pensamento Computacional através do ensino de Algoritmos. O trabalho faz parte de um projeto de extensão universitária no qual propõe-se promover a metodologia do Pensamento Computacional. Como metodologia, foi utilizado o conceito de Computação Desplugada, no qual é ensinado conceitos de computação sem o uso do computador, com tarefas lúdicas e divertidas. Como material didático foram desenvolvidos blocos para a construção de algoritmos, semelhantes aos encontrados em softwares como Scratch.
Utilização do Visual Class Como Recurso Didático-Tecnológico na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA)
Authors: Nascimento Sloan Pereira do , Costa Junior Almir de Oliveira
Published: November 2015

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de caso do desenvolvimento de Objetos de Aprendizagem (OAs) por meio dos professores da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) do ensino fundamental, 4ª e 5ª fase, de uma escola municipal de Manaus, utilizando o software de autoria Visual Class FX Monousuário (Demo). Este projeto visa primeiramente despertar o interesse dos professores para o desenvolvimento de OAs de acordo com suas necessidades e, a partir disso, melhorar o aprendizado dos alunos nos conteúdos de maior dificuldade, proporcionando um melhor desempenho nos estudos.
Jogos Educativos e os Temas Transversais: O Desenvolvimento de um Jogo para Discutir Política na Escola
Authors: Silva Jessica A. , Nascimento Filho Janio Carlos , Franco Luciano Correia
Published: November 2015

O Brasil é um dos 31 países do mundo a manter o voto obrigatório. Para ampliar a eficácia e reduzir os índices de abstenção é interessante ao país investir na educação política. Este artigo apresenta um jogo de computador que visa aumentar o conhecimento político dos futuros eleitores. Este jogo tem potencial para ser utilizado com crianças e jovens, principalmente com 16 e 17 anos em que o voto é facultativo, como um recurso para ampliar a consciência politica na escola, bem como informação para construção de um cidadão ciente da importância do voto. No jogo proposto, o jogador através de um quiz relaciona a função a cargo, onde são apresentada três opções de cargo para cada função nas questões.
State of the art in the treatment of lung cancer
Authors: Jeremic B
Published: November 2015

Lung cancer is the major cancer killer in both sexes. Despite many biological and technological achievements, it is still mostly an incurable disease, and survival figures are only modestly improved in the past few decades. Optimisation of treatment is usually sought through clinical studies, but unfortunately only a few per cent of lung cancer patients enter these world-wide. So it is in spite of the fact that we have witnessed the introduction of robotic surgery, computerised radiation therapy and targeted agents in daily clinical practice. More emphasis on clinical research is therefore needed to improve our capability to successfully treat lung cancer.
Male smokers see the light; females left puffing in the dark
Authors: Wainwright Helen
Published: November 2015

-
La formation à l’enseignement d’une discipline artistique : développement de compétences professionnelles
Authors: Lepage Chantale
Published: November 2015

Pour soutenir le développement de compétences professionnelles à l’enseignement d’une discipline artistique, les formateurs, les enseignants et les étudiants mettent en oeuvre des moyens, des stratégies et des conditions qui pourraient y être favorables. Voici une partie des résultats d’une recherche visant à identifier ce qui favorise le développement de ces compétences chez les futurs enseignants en art dramatique. D’autres résultats liés aux facteurs qui incitent aux changements des pratiques à l’école seront traités ultérieurement. Dans cet article, nous abordons plus spécifiquement ce que les formateurs (professeurs, chargés de cours, superviseurs de stage et enseignants associés) et les étudiants font pour développer les compétences relatives à l’enseignement de l’art dramatique et ce que les enseignants ont fait ou font pour en poursuivre le développement en situation d’emploi.
Former au Brésil un artiste-pédagogue-chercheur : un exercice complexe
Authors: Barros Pupo Maria Lúcia de Souza
Published: November 2015

L’article se propose d’examiner comment l’Université de São Paulo s’efforce de répondre aux défis actuels posés par la formation de formateurs dans les arts de la scène, aussi bien dans l’univers scolaire que dans la sphère de l’action culturelle et artistique. Nous partons du principe que de profondes mutations traversent la scène contemporaine – dilution des frontières entre les arts, présence de la dimension performative, usage de matériaux variés comme point de départ des processus de création, entre autres –, révélant de nouveaux besoins et ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives pour la formation de ces professionnels. L’importance d’une expérience artistique forte, la compréhension du rôle de la recherche, la réalisation d’une praxis qui puisse dépasser la dichotomie entre théorie et pratique sont invoquées comme des aspects particulièrement prometteurs dans cette formation professionnelle. On reconnaît aussi dans quelle mesure les recherches des artistes contemporains contribuent à la reformulation des principes directeurs relatifs aux interventions de formation.
Traitement didactique de l’évolution biologique. De l’assujettissement au plaisir du savoir
Authors: Kebaïli Sonia , Azzouna Atf
Published: November 2015

Cet article développe l’idée du traitement de l’évolution biologique assujetti aux représentations religieuses sous-tendues par des visées politiques, et ce, des points de vue historique et littéraire. Il propose, par la suite, une référence théorique à l’approche foucaldienne sur les relations pouvoir-savoir. Cette référence est conjuguée à une démarche visant à donner un plaisir de savoir, développée par Astolfi (2010). L’expérimentation de cette démarche auprès de trois groupes de lycéens tunisiens, par la passation de tests suivie de rencontres-débats avec un scientifique et par l’analyse des données discursives selon la microphysique du pouvoir, a permis de relever des apports, mais aussi des limites, dans les procédés expérimentés.
The Use and Misuse of Information in Securitate’s Files: The Case of Plamadeala
Authors: Plamadeala Cristina
Published: November 2015

This short article discusses a series of Securitate documents which contain various inconsistencies, and which were written on or about the Romanian theologian Antonie Plamadeala. Examining these files, I attempt to reconstruct the case Securitate built against Plamadeala in the late 1940s, and point to errors and forgeries, which they may contain. Stated differently, I look at evidence, which may have been fabricated by Securitate in order to prove Plamadeala’s alleged ties to the Legionary Movement. I do this by first laying out the series of accusations the Romanian secret police brought against Plamadeala in 1949 and the way in which it constructed its evidence to support its case against him. I then offer a succinct analysis of ways in which one may derive truth from the plethora of information such files may bring to the attention of the modern investigator, truth which, as this article shows, is often juxtaposed with untruth in Securitate archival records.
Real‐time volcano monitoring using GNSS single‐frequency receivers
Authors: Lee Seung‐Woo , Yun Sung‐Hyo , Kim Do Hyeong , Lee Dukkee , Lee Young J. , Schutz Bob E.
Published: November 2015

We present a real‐time volcano monitoring strategy that uses the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and we examine the performance of the strategy by processing simulated and real data and comparing the results with published solutions. The cost of implementing the strategy is reduced greatly by using single‐frequency GNSS receivers except for one dual‐frequency receiver that serves as a base receiver. Positions of the single‐frequency receivers are computed relative to the base receiver on an epoch‐by‐epoch basis using the high‐rate double‐difference (DD) GNSS technique, while the position of the base station is fixed to the values obtained with a deferred‐time precise point positioning technique and updated on a regular basis. Since the performance of the single‐frequency high‐rate DD technique depends on the conditions of the ionosphere over the monitoring area, the ionospheric total electron content is monitored using the dual‐frequency data from the base receiver. The surface deformation obtained with the high‐rate DD technique is eventually processed by a real‐time inversion filter based on the Mogi point source model. The performance of the real‐time volcano monitoring strategy is assessed through a set of tests and case studies, in which the data recorded during the 2007 eruption of Kilauea and the 2005 eruption of Augustine are processed in a simulated real‐time mode. The case studies show that the displacement time series obtained with the strategy seem to agree with those obtained with deferred‐time, dual‐frequency approaches at the level of 10–15 mm. Differences in the estimated volume change of the Mogi source between the real‐time inversion filter and previously reported works were in the range of 11 to 13% of the maximum volume changes of the cases examined.
Effects of lateral variations in megaregolith thickness on predicted lunar seismic signals
Authors: Blanchette‐Guertin J.‐F. , Johnson C. L. , Lawrence J. F.
Published: November 2015

We use a modified phonon synthetic seismogram method to investigate the effects of laterally varying megaregolith thickness on the propagation of seismic energy and on the resulting seismic signals recorded at various epicentral distances from the source. We show that receivers located in large impact structures, with thin crust and thinner megaregolith, can record seismic signals that are less affected by high levels of scattering. In particular, receivers located away from the basin edge by a distance greater than or equal to the thickness of the surrounding megaregolith can record seismograms in which secondary arrivals containing important information about interior structure can be more readily identified. Seismic sources located beneath the near‐surface scattering layer, such as deep lunar quakes, are also advantageous because the resulting seismograms are less affected by high levels of scattering than those from sources within the scattering layer or surface impacts.
Regolith stratigraphy at the Chang'E‐3 landing site as seen by lunar penetrating radar
Authors: Fa Wenzhe , Zhu Meng‐Hua , Liu Tiantian , Plescia Jeffrey B.
Published: November 2015

The Chang'E‐3 lunar penetrating radar (LPR) observations at 500 MHz reveal four major stratigraphic zones from the surface to a depth of ~20 m along the survey line: a layered reworked zone (<1 m), an ejecta layer (~2–6 m), a paleoregolith layer (~4–11 m), and the underlying mare basalts. The reworked zone has two to five distinct layers and consists of surface regolith. The paleoregolith buried by the ejecta from a 500 m crater is relatively homogenous and contains only a few rocks. Population of buried rocks increases with depth to ~2 m at first, and then decreases with depth, representing a balance between initial deposition of the ejecta and later turnover of the regolith. Combining with the surface age, the LPR observations indicate a mean accumulation rate of about 5–10 m/Gyr for the surface regolith, which is at least 4–8 times larger than previous estimation.
Enantioselektive nanoporöse Kohlenstoffe aus chiralen ionischen Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Fuchs Ido , Fechler Nina , Antonietti Markus , Mastai Yitzhak
Published: November 2015

Die enantiospezifische Kontrolle der chemischen Reaktionen mittels chiraler Medien, z. B. chiraler mesoporöser Materialien, ist eine große Herausforderung. Hier beschreiben wir eine neue und effektive Syntheseroute für enantioselektive nanoporöse Kohlenstoffe aus chiralen ionischen Flüssigkeiten (CIFs). CIFs aus Phenylalanin (CIF(Phe)) werden als Vorstufen für die Karbonisierung von chiralen mesoporösen Kohlenstoffen verwendet. Wir wenden Zirkulardichroismus‐Spektroskopie, isotherme Titrationskalorimetrie (ITK) und Chronoamperometrie an, um die chirale Natur der mesoporösen Kohlenstoffe zu zeigen. Die vorgestellte Herangehensweise ist von großer Bedeutung für die Entwicklung neuartiger chiraler poröser Materialien im Bereich der enantioselektiven Chemie. Außerdem trägt sie wesentlich zu unserem Verständnis der Struktur und der Natur von chiralen nanoporösen Materialien und Oberflächen bei.
An Efficient Labelling Approach to Harness Backbone and Side‐Chain Protons in 1H‐Detected Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Mance Deni , Sinnige Tessa , Kaplan Mohammed , Narasimhan Siddarth , Daniëls Mark , Houben Klaartje , Baldus Marc , Weingarth Markus
Published: November 2015

1H‐detection can greatly improve spectral sensitivity in biological solid‐state NMR (ssNMR), thus allowing the study of larger and more complex proteins. However, the general requirement to perdeuterate proteins critically curtails the potential of 1H‐detection by the loss of aliphatic side‐chain protons, which are important probes for protein structure and function. Introduced herein is a labelling scheme for 1H‐detected ssNMR, and it gives high quality spectra for both side‐chain and backbone protons, and allows quantitative assignments and aids in probing interresidual contacts. Excellent 1H resolution in membrane proteins is obtained, the topology and dynamics of an ion channel were studied. This labelling scheme will open new avenues for the study of challenging proteins by ssNMR.
Modular Access to the Stereoisomers of Fused Bicyclic Azepines: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Stereospecific Hetero‐[5+2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Aziridines and Alkenes
Authors: Feng Jian‐Jun , Lin Tao‐Yan , Wu Hai‐Hong , Zhang Junliang
Published: November 2015

The first rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular hetero‐[5+2] cycloaddition reaction of vinyl aziridines and alkenes was realized, wherein both internal and terminal alkenes were applicable. With this method, a variety of unique substituted chiral fused bicyclic azepines, bearing multiple contiguous stereogenic centers, were facilely accessed in a straightforward, high‐yielding, and highly stereoselective manner under mild reaction conditions. Notably, the E/Z geometry of the CC bonds in the vinyl aziridine‐alkene substrates impact the cis/trans stereochemistry of the cycloadducts and up to six stereoisomers could be delivered.
Development of particle dispersion technique for hybrid size conductivity model
Authors: Zulkarnain M. , Fadzil M. A. , Abu Bakar Husaini , Mariatti M. , Azid I.
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a new approach in modeling the particle dispersion structure of micro‐nano silver particles of conductive adhesive considering the van der Waals interaction energy. As there are many possible combinations of hybrid micro‐nano system, this work only focuses on two types of micro‐nanoparticles interconnecting; the first is single microparticles with nanoparticles, and the second is two microparticles with nanoparticles. The particle coordinates were imported into cad software to produce 3D geometry, and finally, the finite element method was used to determine the electrical conductivity. The experimental data were taken at the volume ratios of the hybrid system using micro‐sized and nano‐sized particles at 50 : 50 for validation purpose. As a result, the predicted electrical conductivity shows a good agreement with experiment data with error less than 4%. Simulation result gives a value 1.46 × 101, 9.18, 6.86 and 4.54 S/cm for single‐micro/50 nanoparticles, single‐micro/75 nanoparticles, single‐micro/100 nanoparticles and single‐micro/125 nanoparticles, respectively. The electrical conductivity is optimum in a particular nano‐size number as it could settle interconnection path in shorter particle chain. The electrical conductivity show decreasing by increasing particle network chain due to nano‐particles added. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of metabolites of isopropyl 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐2‐hydroxypropanoate in rats by high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Lingjian , Jia Pu , Li Qian , Wang Shixiang , Wang Jing , Bai Yajun , Wang Xiaoxiao , Xiao Chaoni , Yu Jie , Zhang Peng , Zheng Xiaohui
Published: November 2015

Isopropyl 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐2‐hydroxypropanoate (IDHP) is an investigational new drug having the capacity for treating ailments in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system. In this work, a rapid and sensitive method using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS) was developed to reveal the metabolic profile of IDHP in rats after oral administration. The method involved pretreatment of the samples by formic acid–methanol solution (v/v, 5:95), chromatographic separation by an Agilent Eclipse XDB‐C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm i.dx., 5 μm) and online identification of the metabolites by Q‐TOF‐MS equipped with electrospray ionizer. A total of 16 metabolites from IDHP, including four phase I metabolites and 12 phase II metabolites, were detected and tentatively identified from rat plasma, urine and feces. Among these metabolites, Danshensu (DSS), a hydrolysis product of IDHP, could be further transformed to 11 metabolites. These results indicated that DSS was the main metabolite of IDHP in rats and the major metabolic pathways of IDHP in vivo were hydrolysis, O‐methylation, sulfation, glucuronidation and reduction. The results also demonstrated that renal route was the main pathway of IDHP clearance in rat. The present study provided valuable information for better understanding the efficacy and safety of IDHP. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiroptical Probing of Lanthanide‐Directed Self‐Assembly Formation Using btp Ligands Formed in One‐Pot Diazo‐Transfer/Deprotection Click Reaction from Chiral Amines
Authors: Byrne Joseph P. , Martínez‐Calvo Miguel , Peacock Robert D. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: November 2015

A series of enantiomeric 2,6‐bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridines (btp)‐containing ligands was synthesized by a one‐pot two‐step copper‐catalyzed amine/alkyne click reaction. The EuIII‐ and TbIII‐directed self‐assembly formation of these ligands was studied in CH3CN by monitoring their various photophysical properties, including their emerging circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence. The global analysis of the former enabled the determination of both the stoichiometry and the stability constants of the various chiral supramolecular species in solution.
Prognostic value of p16 expression in Epstein‐Barr virus–positive nasopharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Jiang Wen , Chamberlain Paul D. , Garden Adam S. , Kim Betty Y. S. , Ma Dominic , Lo Emily J. , Bell Diana , Gunn G. Brandon , Fuller Clifton D. , Rosenthal David I. , Beadle Beth M. , Frank Steven J. , Morrison William H. , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Sturgis Erich M. , Phan Jack
Published: November 2015

Background

Overexpression of p16 is associated with improved outcomes among patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma. However, its role in the outcomes of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) remains unclear.

Methods

Eighty‐six patients with NPC treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2000 to 2014 were identified. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) status were determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16 by immunohistochemical staining.

Results

EBV positivity was associated with extended overall survival (OS; median, 95.0 vs 44.9 months; p < .004), progression‐free survival (PFS; median, 80.4 vs 28.1 months; p < .013), and locoregional control (median, 104.4 vs 65.5 months; p < .043). In patients with EBV‐positive tumors, p16 overexpression correlated with improved PFS (median, 106.3 vs 27.1 months; p < .02) and locoregional control (median, 93.6 vs 64.5 months; p < .02).

Conclusion

P16 overexpression is associated with improved PFS and locoregional control in patients with EBV‐positive NPC. P16 expression may complement EBV status in predicting treatment outcomes for patients with NPC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1459–E1466, 2016
Definitive proton radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatin for unresectable head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma: A series of 9 cases and a critical review of the literature
Authors: Bhattasali Onita , Holliday Emma , Kies Merrill S. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Garden Adam S. , Rosenthal David I. , Morrison William H. , Gunn G. Brandon , Fuller C. David , Zhu X. Ronald , Frank Steven J.
Published: November 2015

Background

The primary treatment for head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is surgery. Infrequently, however, ACC's propensity for perineural and base of skull invasion can preclude definitive surgical management. We present our experience with proton radiation therapy (RT) and concurrent platinum‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

Nine patients with unresectable node‐negative, nonmetastatic head and neck ACC received definitive proton RT and concurrent cisplatin. Outcomes and toxicities were recorded. A systematic review of the literature was performed.

Results

Median follow‐up was 27 months (range, 9.2–48.3 months). Four patients achieved complete response at the primary site, and an additional 4 patients achieved stabilization of local disease. Only 1 patient developed local disease progression. Four patients had 5 acute grade 3 (G3) toxicities, and 1 patient developed a chronic G4 optic nerve disorder.

Conclusion

Our preliminary results suggest proton RT and concurrent chemotherapy is a definitive treatment option for select patients with head and neck ACC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1472–E1480, 2016
Microvascular head and neck reconstruction in the elderly: The University of Brescia experience
Authors: Piazza Cesare , Grammatica Alberto , Paderno Alberto , Taglietti Valentina , Del Bon Francesca , Marengoni Alessandra , Nicolai Piero
Published: November 2015

Background

Microvascular reconstruction in head and neck surgery is increasing in the elderly because of prolonged life expectancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of age on outcomes after microvascular reconstruction.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 453 microvascular reconstructions and stratified patients according to age (40.8% >65 years old). Medical and surgical complications and flap success rates were evaluated according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score for physical status and age.

Results

Overall flap success and perioperative mortality were 96.1% and 0.7%, respectively. Minor medical complications were higher in the elderly (28.1% vs 15.3%; p = .001). High ASA scores affected rates of major surgical (20% vs 9.2%; p = .001) and minor medical complications (27.2% vs 13.3%; p < .001).

Conclusion

Microvascular reconstruction is reliable in the elderly. Age should not be considered a contraindication by itself; comorbidities play a stronger role in predicting adverse events. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1488–E1492, 2016
Diffusion‐weighted MRI for early detection and characterization of prostate cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model
Authors: Hill Deborah K. , Kim Eugene , Teruel Jose R. , Jamin Yann , Widerøe Marius , Søgaard Caroline D. , Størkersen Øystein , Rodrigues Daniel N. , Heindl Andreas , Yuan Yinyin , Bathen Tone F. , Moestue Siver A.
Published: November 2015

Purpose

To improve early diagnosis of prostate cancer to aid clinical decision‐making. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) is sensitive to water diffusion throughout tissues, which correlates with Gleason score, a histological measure of prostate cancer aggressiveness. In this study the ability of DW‐MRI to detect prostate cancer onset and development was evaluated in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice.

Materials and Methods

T2‐weighted and DW‐MRI were acquired using a 7T MR scanner, 200 mm bore diameter; 10 TRAMP and 6 C57BL/6 control mice were scanned every 4 weeks from 8 weeks of age until sacrifice at 28–30 weeks. After sacrifice, the genitourinary tract was excised and sectioned for histological analysis. Histology slides registered with DW‐MR images allowed for validation of DW‐MR images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as tools for cancer detection and disease stratification. An automated early assessment tool based on ADC threshold values was developed to aid cancer detection and progression monitoring.

Results

The ADC differentiated between control prostate ((1.86 ± 0.20) × 10−3 mm2/s) and normal TRAMP prostate ((1.38 ± 0.10) × 10−3 mm2/s) (P = 0.0001), between TRAMP prostate and well‐differentiated cancer ((0.93 ± 0.18) × 10−3 mm2/s) (P = 0.0006), and between well‐differentiated cancer and poorly differentiated cancer ((0.63 ± 0.06) × 10−3 mm2/s) (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

DW‐MRI is a tool for early detection of cancer, and discrimination between cancer stages in the TRAMP model. The incorporation of DW‐MRI‐based prostate cancer stratification and monitoring could increase the accuracy of preclinical trials using TRAMP mice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1207–1217.
How reader perception of capsule affects interpretation of washout in hypervascular liver nodules in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sofue Keitaro , Sirlin Claude B. , Allen Brian C. , Nelson Rendon C. , Berg Carl L. , Bashir Mustafa R.
Published: November 2015

Purpose

To determine whether reader perception of a capsule affects reader interpretation of washout in hypervascular liver nodules at dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study was Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant, with waiver of informed consent. MRI reports for 111 hypervascular liver nodules (median 2.0 cm, range 1.0–17.8 cm) in 62 patients were reviewed, and the presence/absence of capsule and washout were recorded for one reading. A second independent study reading was also performed. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) for each nodule and liver parenchyma was measured. An objective SIR threshold was identified for nodules without capsules that correctly classified the presence/absence of washout, then applied to nodules with capsules to classify them as having / not having objective washout. Nodules were categorized as definite / not definite HCC using subjective and objective washout, based on LI‐RADS, OPTN, AASLD, and EASL criteria, and proportions compared using McNemar's test.

Results

Agreement on nodule features was high for Readings 1 and 2 (κ = 0.70–0.82). For Reading 1, 71 nodules lacked capsules (43 with and 28 without subjective washout); an SIR threshold of 0.88 classified the presence/absence of washout correctly in 94% (67/71, P < 0.001). Forty nodules had capsules; although all had subjective washout (100%, 40/40), 75% (30/40) had objective washout (P < 0.05). Using objective washout caused 4.5% (3/66; LI‐RADS, OPTN) and 12% (10/83; AASLD, EASL) of nodules to be recategorized from definite HCC to not definite HCC.

Conclusion

Reader perception of capsule affects interpretation of washout. This effect can influence nodule categorization using imaging‐based diagnostic systems. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1337–1345.
An experimental study of the interaction effects of incentive compensation, career ambition, and task attention on Chinese managers' strategic risk behaviors
Authors: Chng Daniel Han Ming , Wang Joyce Cong Ying
Published: November 2015

Building on the person–pay interaction model, we developed and tested a model for the influence of managers' career ambition and task attention on their responses to incentive compensation under different conditions of firm performance. We argued that managers with greater career ambition and task attention will be more responsive to incentive compensation, thereby engaging in more strategic risk behaviors, such as strategic risk taking and strategic change. Results of our experiment using a managerial decision‐making game with a sample of Chinese managers partially supported this contingency perspective. Under the condition of performance decline, managers' career ambition only accentuated the positive relationship between incentive compensation and strategic change. By contrast, task attention strengthened the positive relationships between incentive compensation and both strategic risk taking and strategic change. However, under the condition of performance growth, neither managers' career ambition nor their task attention influenced their responses to incentive compensation. We discuss the implications for how organizational leaders can use incentive compensation to influence the strategic risk behaviors of managers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wave finite element‐based superelements for forced response analysis of coupled systems via dynamic substructuring
Authors: Silva Priscilla Brandão , Mencik Jean‐Mathieu , de Franca Arruda José Roberto
Published: November 2015

The wave finite element (WFE) method is used for assessing the harmonic response of coupled mechanical systems that involve one‐dimensional periodic structures and coupling elastic junctions. The periodic structures under concern are composed of complex heterogeneous substructures like those encountered in real engineering applications. A strategy is proposed that uses the concept of numerical wave modes to express the dynamic stiffness matrix (DSM), or the receptance matrix (RM), of each periodic structure. Also, the Craig–Bampton (CB) method is used to model each coupling junction by means of static modes and fixed‐interface modes. An efficient WFE‐based criterion is considered to select the junction modes that are of primary importance. The consideration of several periodic structures and coupling junctions is achieved through classic finite element (FE) assembly procedures, or domain decomposition techniques. Numerical experiments are carried out to highlight the relevance of the WFE‐based DSM and RM approaches in terms of accuracy and computational savings, in comparison with the conventional FE and CB methods. The following test cases are considered: a 2D frame structure under plane stresses and a 3D aircraft fuselage‐like structure involving stiffened cylindrical shells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital modulation and coding for satellite optical feeder links with pre‐distortion adaptive optics
Authors: Dimitrov Svilen , Barrios Ricardo , Matuz Balazs , Liva Gianluigi , Mata‐Calvo Ramon , Giggenbach Dirk
Published: November 2015

In this paper, a packet‐level forward error correction coding technique and pre‐distortion adaptive optics technology are applied to a digital transmission scheme for optical feeder links in a geostationary Earth orbit satellite communication system. The architectures of the gateway and the satellite are defined, including the building blocks of the interface between the radio frequency front‐end and the optical front‐end, as well as the digital signal processor. The system is designed to cater for Terabit/s high‐throughput satellite applications. The performance of the digital transmission scheme is evaluated in the forward and return links. The turbulent atmospheric optical channel is modeled for different optical ground station altitudes. It is shown that fade mitigation techniques such as packet‐level forward error correction coding and pre‐distortion adaptive optics in the forward link, as well as large‐aperture optical ground station telescope in the return link, are essential to close the link budget of a Terabit/s satellite communication system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polystyrene‐silicon bonding through π electrons: a combined XPS and DFT study
Authors: Tardio Sabrina , Abel Marie‐Laure , Carr Robert H. , Watts John F.
Published: November 2015

Silicon wafers, covered with different thickness layers of polystyrene, were analysed by XPS. High resolution spectra of the C1s shake‐up satellite, due to the π‐π* transition of the aromatic ring, were compared. A shift in the shake‐up binding energy represents a change in the electronic transition energy and so in the energy of the molecular orbital. This made it possible to assess and confirm an interaction between the π electrons of the phenyl ring and the silanol groups present on the surface of the silicon. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractional Brownian motion and multivariate‐t models for longitudinal biomedical data, with application to CD4 counts in HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Stirrup Oliver T. , Babiker Abdel G. , Carpenter James R. , Copas Andrew J.
Published: November 2015

Longitudinal data are widely analysed using linear mixed models, with ‘random slopes’ models particularly common. However, when modelling, for example, longitudinal pre‐treatment CD4 cell counts in HIV‐positive patients, the incorporation of non‐stationary stochastic processes such as Brownian motion has been shown to lead to a more biologically plausible model and a substantial improvement in model fit. In this article, we propose two further extensions. Firstly, we propose the addition of a fractional Brownian motion component, and secondly, we generalise the model to follow a multivariate‐t distribution. These extensions are biologically plausible, and each demonstrated substantially improved fit on application to example data from the Concerted Action on SeroConversion to AIDS and Death in Europe study. We also propose novel procedures for residual diagnostic plots that allow such models to be assessed. Cohorts of patients were simulated from the previously reported and newly developed models in order to evaluate differences in predictions made for the timing of treatment initiation under different clinical management strategies. A further simulation study was performed to demonstrate the substantial biases in parameter estimates of the mean slope of CD4 decline with time that can occur when random slopes models are applied in the presence of censoring because of treatment initiation, with the degree of bias found to depend strongly on the treatment initiation rule applied. Our findings indicate that researchers should consider more complex and flexible models for the analysis of longitudinal biomarker data, particularly when there are substantial missing data, and that the parameter estimates from random slopes models must be interpreted with caution. © 2015 The Authors.Statistics in MedicinePublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A Policy Framework for Economic and Social Liberation: The Policy Mandala
Authors: Corrie Bruce P.
Published: November 2015

To help marginalized people break out of their cycle of oppression and poverty we need to implement long term integrated policies focusing on all four of their environments: material, physiological, personal and social. This paper will present a policy framework, The Policy Mandala, and illustrate its usefulness with the comparative experience of Dalits (Scheduled Castes) in India and ALANA (African Latino Asian and Native American) people in the USA, in their struggle for economic and social liberation.
First‐ and second‐born adolescents' decision‐making autonomy throughout adolescence
Authors: Campione‐Barr Nicole , Lindell Anna K. , Short Stephen D. , Greer Kelly Bassett , Drotar Scott D.
Published: November 2015

First‐ and second‐born adolescents' and their parents' perceptions of adolescents' decision‐making autonomy were compared from ages 12 to 19 in a longitudinal sample of 145 predominantly White, middle class families. Utilizing a multivariate, multilevel modeling approach, differences in perceptions of adolescents' autonomy between parents and each adolescent, as well as by social‐cognitive domain were examined. The present study found that when comparing parents' perceptions of their children at the same age, second‐borns were granted more autonomy regarding conventional issues than first‐borns during early adolescence, but by later adolescence first‐borns were granted more autonomy regarding prudential issues than second‐borns. However, comparisons between adolescents' and siblings' perceptions showed no differences. Potential reasons for, and implications of, differences in perceptions of adolescent autonomy are discussed.