bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is corporate social responsibility a stock price stabilizer during the public emergency? An integrated view of government response
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Hou Wendi , Li Weian
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in assisting firms in their response to public emergency crises under the integrated view of government emergency response.

Design/methodology/approach

Using event study and survival analysis method, the authors examine whether CSR can act as a stock price stabilizer for companies from China by splitting the stock price fluctuations into two phases – CSR price insurance, which decrease the shock on stock prices during the emergency crisis, and CSR price recovery, which helps stock prices rebound faster during the postcrisis phase.

Findings

The authors’ empirical results confirm the stabilizer role of CSR during crisis and that effective government response can strengthen such effect. Furthermore, the authors examine the different aspects of the government’s response and the impact of multiple waves of public emergency.

Originality/value

This study provides empirical evidence on the topic of CSR and the government’s response to public emergency under the emerging context.
Recovery of residual polyamide (PA12) from polymer powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process through a binder jetting process
Authors: Balderrama-Armendariz Cesar Omar , Arbelaez-Rios Sergio Esteban , Martel-Estrada Santos-Adriana , Maldonado-Macias Aide Aracely , MacDonald Eric , Aguilar-Duque Julian I.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to propose the reuse of PA12 (powder) in another AM process, binder jettiinng, which is less sensitive to the chemical and mechanical degradation of the powder after multiple cycles in the laser system.

Design/methodology/approach

The experimental process for evaluating the reuse of SLS powders in a subsequent binder jetting process consists of four phases: powder characterization, bonding analysis, mixture testing and mixture characteristics. Analyses were carried out using techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and stress–strain tests for tension and compression. The surface roughness, color, hardness and density of the new mixture were also determined to find physical characteristics. A Taguchi design L8 was used to search for a mixture with the best mechanical strength.

Findings

The results indicated that the integration of waste powder PA12 with calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) generates appropriate particle distribution with rounded particles of PA12 that improve powder flowability. The micropores observed with less than 60 µm, facilitated binder and infiltrant penetration on 3D parts. The 60/40 (CSH-PA12) mixture with epoxy resin postprocessing was found to be the best-bonded mixture in mechanical testing, rugosity and hardness results. The new CSH-PA12 mixture resulted lighter and stronger than the CSH powder commonly used in binder jetting technology.

Originality/value

This study adds value to the polymer powder bed fusion process by using its waste in a circular process. The novel reuse of PA12 waste in an established process was achieved in an accessible and economical manner.
Diverse fates of ancient horizontal gene transfers in extremophilic red algae
Authors: Van Etten Julia , Stephens Timothy G. , Chille Erin , Lipzen Anna , Peterson Daniel , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Bhattacharya Debashish
Published: May 2024

Horizontal genetic transfer (HGT) is a common phenomenon in eukaryotic genomes. However, the mechanisms by which HGT‐derived genes persist and integrate into other pathways remain unclear. This topic is of significant interest because, over time, the stressors that initially favoured the fixation of HGT may diminish or disappear. Despite this, the foreign genes may continue to exist if they become part of a broader stress response or other pathways. The conventional model suggests that the acquisition of HGT equates to adaptation. However, this model may evolve into more complex interactions between gene products, a concept we refer to as the ‘Integrated HGT Model’ (IHM). To explore this concept further, we studied specialized HGT‐derived genes that encode heavy metal detoxification functions. The recruitment of these genes into other pathways could provide clear examples of IHM. In our study, we exposed two anciently diverged species of polyextremophilic red algae from the Galdieria genus to arsenic and mercury stress in laboratory cultures. We then analysed the transcriptome data using differential and coexpression analysis. Our findings revealed that mercury detoxification follows a ‘one gene‐one function’ model, resulting in an indivisible response. In contrast, the arsH gene in the arsenite response pathway demonstrated a complex pattern of duplication, divergence and potential neofunctionalization, consistent with the IHM. Our research sheds light on the fate and integration of ancient HGTs, providing a novel perspective on the ecology of extremophiles.
Unravelling the dynamics: Large mammal occupancy modelling in a West African tropical forest
Authors: Fasona Michelle I. , Gregory Andrew J. , Okimiji Princess O. , Oni Olumide , Egonmwan Rosemary I.
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the response of large mammal populations to human‐induced modifications in the Omo‐Shasha‐Oluwa Forest Reserves landscape. The impact of habitat alterations on species diversity and distribution remains poorly understood in this region. Over four seasons from May 2017 to April 2019, 52 sites were surveyed, revealing the presence of 12 large mammal species across six families. Maxwell's duiker exhibited the highest overall occupancy (0.897 ± 0.062), while the Forest elephant had the lowest (0.115 ± 0.043). Forest buffalo experienced the greatest increase in site occupancy (0.290 ± 0.076 to 0.358 ± 0.098), whereas the Mona monkey saw the most significant decrease (0.713 to 0.651). The study employed single‐species, multi‐season occupancy modelling, predicting colonisation and extinction events solely for the civet (ϒ = 0.347 ± 0.154; ε = 0.041 ± 0.031) and Red river hog (ϒ = 0.158 ± 0.098; ε = 0.098 ± 0.059). The likelihood of Civet cat and Red river hog colonisation increased with distance from the nearest settlement. These findings enhance our understanding of habitat characteristics influencing large mammal distribution, offering valuable insights for the conservation of these species in forest landscapes.
Opportunities for, and barriers to, uterus‐preserving surgical techniques for placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Paping Alexander , Bluth Anja , Al Naimi Ammar , Mhallem Mina , Kolak Magdalena , Jaworowski Andrzej , Huras Hubert , Morlando Maddalena , Daskalakis George , Pinto Pedro Viana , Sentilhes Loïc , van Beekhuizen Heleen J. , Stefanovic Vedran , Fox Karin A. , Morel Olivier , Bertholdt Charline , Braun Thorsten ,   IS‐PAS
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) can lead to major peripartum morbidity. Appropriate management approaches depend on the clinical severity, each individual's preference, and the treating team's expertise. Peripartum hysterectomy is the most frequently used treatment option. However, it can impact psychological well‐being and fertility. We investigated whether conservative treatment with focal resection or leaving the placenta in situ is associated with comparable or lower maternal morbidity than hysterectomy in centers of excellence within the International Society for placenta accreta spectrum (IS‐PAS). Furthermore, a survey was conducted to explore potential barriers to conservative management in antenatal counseling and intraoperative decision‐making.

Material and Methods

Confirmed PAS cases in the prospective IS‐PAS database from 22 registered centers between January 2020 and June 2022 were included in the analysis. A separate online survey with 21 questions was answered by the IS‐PAS center experts about indications, diagnostic criteria, patient counseling, surgical practice, changes from the preoperative treatment plan, and why conservative management may not be offered.

Results

A total of 234 cases were included in the analysis: 186 women received hysterectomy and 38 women were treated by focal resection, and 10 by leaving the placenta in situ. Blood loss was lower in the focal resection group and in the placenta in situ group compared to the hysterectomy group (p = 0.04). 46.4% of the women initially planned for focal resection, and 35.7% of those initially planned for leaving the placenta in situ were ultimately treated by hysterectomy. Our survey showed that the IS‐PAS centers preferred hysterectomy according to a woman's wishes (64%) and when they expected less blood loss and morbidity (41%). Eighteen percent of centers did not offer focal resection at all due to a lack of experience with this technique. Reasons for not offering to leave the placenta in situ were avoidance of unexpected reoperation (36%), puerperal infection (32%), or skepticism about the method (23%).

Conclusions

Uterus‐preserving treatment strategies such as focal resection appear to be safe alternatives to peripartum hysterectomy. However, less than half of the IS‐PAS centers perform them. Acceptance of conservative treatments could be increased by standardized criteria for their implementation and by systematic training for PAS experts.
Real‐life effectiveness of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in hepatitis C patients previously treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir
Authors: Ruiz‐Cobo Juan Carlos , Llaneras Jordi , Forns Xavier , Gallego Moya Adolfo , Conde Amiel Isabel , Arencibia Ana , Diago Moises , García‐Samaniego Javier , Castellote Jose , Llerena Susana , Rodríguez‐Seguel Elisa , Mateos Beatriz , Rodríguez Manuel , Rosales Zabal Jose Miguel , Fernández Inmaculada , Calleja Jose Luis , Morillas Rosa María , Montoliu Silvia , Andrade Raul J. , Badia Aranda Ester , Hernández‐Guerra Manuel , Maté Carlota Jimeno , González‐Santiago Jesús M. , de Cuenca Beatriz , Bernal‐Monterde Vanesa , Delgado Manuel , Turnes Juan , Lens Sabela , Buti María
Published: May 2024

Background

Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) is the recommended rescue therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection who fail direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). Data are limited on the effectiveness of this treatment after the current first‐line therapies. Our aim was to analyse the effectiveness and safety of SOF/VEL/VOX among patients failing sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB).

Methods

Retrospective multicentre study (26 Spanish hospitals), including chronic hepatitis C patients unsuccessfully treated with SOF/VEL or GLE/PIB, and retreated with SOF/VEL/VOX ± ribavirin for 12 weeks between December 2017 and December 2022.

Results

In total, 142 patients included: 100 (70.4%) had failed SOF/VEL and 42 (29.6%) GLE/PIB. Patients were mainly men (84.5%), White (93.9%), with hepatitis C virus genotype (GT) 3 (49.6%) and 47.2% had liver cirrhosis. Sustained virological response (SVR) was evaluated in 132 patients who completed SOF/VEL/VOX and were followed 12 weeks after end of treatment; 117 (88.6%) achieved SVR. There were no significant differences in SVR rates according to initial DAA treatment (SOF/VEL 87.9% vs. GLE/PIB 90.2%, p = 0.8), cirrhosis (no cirrhosis 90% vs. cirrhosis 87.1%, p = 0.6) or GT3 infection (non‐GT3 91.9% vs. GT3 85.5%, p = 0.3). However, when considering the concurrent presence of SOF/VEL treatment, cirrhosis and GT3 infection, SVR rates dropped to 82.8%. Ribavirin was added in 8 (6%) patients, all achieved SVR.

Conclusion

SOF/VEL/VOX is an effective rescue therapy for failures to SOF/VEL or GLE/PIB, with an SVR of 88.6%. Factors previously linked to lower SVR rates, such as GT3 infection, cirrhosis and first‐line therapy with SOF/VEL were not associated with lower SVRs.
Analysis of the epidemiological situation of influenza in Guangzhou under the prevention and control of COVID‐19 in June 2022
Authors: Deng Yuezhi , Lin Yongping , Lin Weihong
Published: May 2024

Objective

Under the prevention and control measures of COVID‐19, the epidemiological situation of respiratory pathogens is not well known. Understanding the patterns of respiratory pathogens epidemiology under the prevention and control measures of COVID‐19 is important to guide resource allocation for existing and future treatment and prevention strategies.

Methods

In total, 659 fever outpatients nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at fever illness onset during June in 2022 at the First Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Swabs were tested by real‐time fluorescent single‐tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 12 respiratory pathogens. Moreover, 108 of the 659 swabs were tested for influenza virus antigen.

Results

At least one pathogen was detected in 477 (72.38%) of 659 fever outpatients with multiple pathogens identified in 25 (3.79%). The highest multiple infectious pattern is parainfluenza virus in combination with influenza (five cases). Influenza A virus (IFA), human rhinovirus (HRV), and parainfluenza virus are the three leading virus pathogens with proportions of 64.64%, 5.01%, and 2.88%. School‐age children and adult groups have the highest pathogens positivity rate of 81.28% and 83.87%.

Conclusion

A high proportion of adolescents and adults has respiratory pathogens detected during fever illnesses during June in 2022 under the prevention and control of COVID‐19. These data indicate that diagnosis, prevention, and control of respiratory tract infection should be paid attention under the prevention and control of COVID‐19.
Seminatural areas act as reservoirs of genetic diversity for crop pollinators and natural enemies across Europe
Authors: Ortego Joaquín , Albrecht Matthias , Báldi András , Bilde Trine , Craig Sean Birk Bek , Herrera José M. , Hood Amelia S. C. , Kleijn David , Maurer Corina , Molina Francisco P. , Öckinger Erik , Potts Simon G. , Settepani Virginia , Thomsen Philip Francis , Trillo Marina , Vajna Flóra , Velado‐Alonso Elena , Bartomeus Ignasi
Published: May 2024

Despite increasing recognition of the importance of the multiple dimensions of biodiversity, including functional or genetic diversity as well as species diversity, most conservation studies on ecosystem service‐providing insects focus on simple diversity measures such as species richness and abundance. In contrast, relatively little is known about the genetic diversity and resilience of pollinators or natural enemies of crop pests to population fragmentation and local extinction. The genetic diversity and demographic dynamics of remnant populations of beneficial insects in agricultural areas can be a useful indicator proving additional insights into their conservation status, but this is rarely evaluated. Although gene flow between agricultural and seminatural areas is key to maintaining genetic diversity, its extent and directionality remain largely unexplored. Here, we apply a pan‐European sampling protocol to quantify genetic diversity and structure and assess gene flow between agricultural and nearby seminatural landscapes in populations of two key ecosystem service‐providing insect species, the lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata, an important predator of aphids and other crop pests, and the bee pollinator Andrena flavipes. We show that A. flavipes populations are genetically structured at the European level, whereas populations of C. septempunctata experience widespread gene flow across the continent and lack any defined genetic structure. In both species, we found that there is high genetic connectivity between populations established in croplands and nearby seminatural areas and, as a consequence, they harbor similar levels of genetic diversity. Interestingly, demographic models for some regions support asymmetric gene flow from seminatural areas to nearby agricultural landscapes. Collectively, our study demonstrates how seminatural areas can serve as genetic reservoirs of both pollinators and natural enemies for nearby agricultural landscapes, acting as sources for recurrent recolonization and, potentially, contributing to enhancing ecosystem service and crop production resilience in the longer term.
Migration, movements, and survival in a partially migratory elk (Cervus canadensis) population
Authors: Poole Kim G. , Lamb Clayton T. , Medcalf Sam , Amos Lanny
Published: May 2024

Migration provides an adaptive strategy to improve fitness by allowing individuals to exploit gradients of resources and changes in predation risk. In recent decades, the extent and prevalence of migration has declined in numerous ungulate species including many populations of elk (Cervus canadensis). Resident elk are often more closely associated with human activity, are more readily involved in agricultural conflicts and may contribute to overgrazing on some ranges. We evaluated migratory trends, survival rates, and causes of mortality in a partially migratory elk population in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, and compared these parameters with data from a 1982–1996 study from the same area. Analysis of 201 animal‐years (n = 78 collared cow elk) between 2016 and 2022 showed a ratio of 52% migratory to 48% resident elk, similar to what was found during the 1982–1996 study (55% migratory to 45% resident; n = 40 cows). Among the migrants, 55% were standard migrants (traveling moderate to longer distances and changing little in elevation), 35% elevational, and 10% mixed/atypical. We detected a 14% yearly switching rate between migratory and resident strategies. We recorded 30 mortalities: 47% from human causes, predominantly elk‐vehicle/train collisions (33% of mortalities), apparent starvation/old age (17%), and predation (17%). Notably, while mortality from natural causes was similar between strategies, human‐caused mortality was nearly twice as high in resident elk. Signs of nutritional stress and lower pregnancy rates indicated potential forage limitations. Migrants had higher average survival rates (0.90) compared to residents (0.83), a shift from the 1982–1996 study that recorded higher resident survival rates (0.98), the same migrant survival rate (0.90), and fewer elk‐vehicle/train collisions. Cow elk in our study made fewer and shorter movements into upper mountain tributaries and greater use of mine properties than observed during the 1982–1996 study. Wildlife managers should consider opportunities to enhance elk forage within traditional high‐elevation summer ranges and mitigations to reduce elk‐vehicle/train collisions. Further research is needed to quantify reproductive success, monitor calf survival, and determine relative forage quality among summering areas between migratory strategies, and determine winter ranges of long‐distant migrants.
Investigating the causal association of generalized and abdominal obesity with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: A community‐based prospective study
Authors: Chen Jiaheng , Li Yu Ting , Niu Zimin , He Zhanpeng , Xie Yao Jie , Hernandez Jose , Huang Wenyong , Wang Harry H X ,   The Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study Group
Published: May 2024

Aim

The paradoxical protective association between overweight/obesity and diabetic microvascular complications (DMC), a phenomenon well‐known as the obesity paradox, has been considered a non‐causal association based on methodological influences. We aimed to investigate the association of generalized and abdominal obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), respectively, with DMC in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), using a causal inference approach.

Materials and Methods

We enrolled 1436 patients with clinically diagnosed T2D but not DMC at baseline in a community‐based prospective cohort in China between 2017 and 2019 and followed them annually until 2022 with new‐onset DMC recorded. Marginal structural Cox models with inverse probability weighting were constructed to determine the causal association. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential effect modifiers.

Results

We observed 360 incident DMC cases, including 109 cases of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and 277 cases of diabetic retinopathy (DR) during four follow‐up visits. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for overall DMC, DN and DR were 1.037 (1.005‐1.071), 1.117 (1.062‐1.175) and 1.018 (0.980‐1.059) for 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, and 1.005 (0.994‐1.017), 1.034 (1.018‐1.051) and 1.000 (0.987‐1.014) for 1 cm increase in WC, respectively. Similar patterns were observed across the BMI and WC categories, while the positive association appeared to be more pronounced in women.

Conclusions

Generalized but not abdominal obesity was associated with an increased risk for the overall DMC, whereas both obesities were causally related to DN, albeit not DR, in T2D. Routine weight management should not be neglected in diabetes care, particularly in women.
Prescription medication use among patients with type 2 diabetes in the United States: 1999–2020
Authors: Li Shanshan , Pan Shaoxi , Jiang Shaoxiang , Shin Jung‐Im , Liu Gordon G. , Lyu Beini
Published: May 2024

Aims

We aimed to examine trends in overall prescription medication use among patients with type 2 diabetes in the United States to provide insights for patient care.

Materials and Methods

We used nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2020 and included adult patients with type 2 diabetes. We examined the use of prescription drugs, overall and by drug class, polypharmacy (use of ≥5 medications), and number of medications attributed to specific classes.

Results

In the period 2015–2020, the mean patient age was 59.6 (51.0–70.0) years, with 46.8% (43.6–49.9) being female and 57.8% (52.8–62.8) being non‐Hispanic White. Among 9489 adults with type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of polypharmacy was high and increased from 35.1% (31.6–38.6) in 1999–2002 to 47.2% (43.7–50.7) in 2003–2006, and further to 51.1% (48.3–53.9) in 2015–2020 (p for trend <0.001). Increasing trends of polypharmacy were found across all population subgroups and across the majority of therapeutic classes. Use of non‐cardiometabolic medications was common. Among them, the most common were antidepressants (19.8%), proton pump inhibitors (19.0%) and analgesics (16.2%). Among patients with polypharmacy, approximately 40% of medication use was attributed to non‐cardiometabolic medications.

Conclusions

Prescription medication burden and complexity increased substantially among patients with type 2 diabetes, with more than 50% of patients with polypharmacy. Attention should be paid to this escalating medication use and regimen complexity, which requires multidisciplinary and coordinated care.
Is empowerment enough? Exploring lessons from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Russell Mia B. , Zuccaroli Isabella
Published: May 2024

The COVID‐19 global pandemic was a crisis that disproportionately impacted marginalized communities. In one such community—Baltimore, Maryland—we sought to explore how individuals experienced, managed, and recovered from the pandemic. Through five focus groups with 16 participants, four themes emerged: demonstration of empowerment, hopelessness and powerlessness, mental health detriment, and misalignment of resources and needs. Although empowerment was demonstrated, we surprisingly found that participants also exhibited powerlessness and hopelessness, both of which can inhibit engagement in the empowerment process. Implications for FCS professionals, community educators, and policymakers are included.
Structural comparison of (hyper‐)thermophilic nitrogenase reductases from three marine Methanococcales
Authors: Maslać Nevena , Cadoux Cécile , Bolte Pauline , Murken Fenja , Gu Wenyu , Milton Ross D. , Wagner Tristan
Published: May 2024

The nitrogenase reductase NifH catalyses ATP‐dependent electron delivery to the Mo‐nitrogenase, a reaction central to biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation. While NifHs have been extensively studied in bacteria, structural information about their archaeal counterparts is limited. Archaeal NifHs are considered more ancient, particularly those from Methanococcales, a group of marine hydrogenotrophic methanogens, which includes diazotrophs growing at temperatures near 92 °C. Here, we structurally and biochemically analyse NifHs from three Methanococcales, offering the X‐ray crystal structures from meso‐, thermo‐, and hyperthermophilic methanogens. While NifH from Methanococcus maripaludis (37 °C) was obtained through heterologous recombinant expression, the proteins from Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus (65 °C) and Methanocaldococcus infernus (85 °C) were natively purified from the diazotrophic archaea. The structures from M. thermolithotrophicus crystallised as isolated exhibit high flexibility. In contrast, the complexes of NifH with MgADP obtained from the three methanogens are superposable, more rigid, and present remarkable structural conservation with their homologues. They retain key structural features of P‐loop NTPases and share similar electrostatic profiles with the counterpart from the bacterial model organism Azotobacter vinelandii. In comparison to the NifH from the phylogenetically distant Methanosarcina acetivorans, these reductases do not cross‐react significantly with Mo‐nitrogenase from A. vinelandii. However, they associate with bacterial nitrogenase when ADP· is added to mimic a transient reactive state. Accordingly, detailed surface analyses suggest that subtle substitutions would affect optimal binding during the catalytic cycle between the NifH from Methanococcales and the bacterial nitrogenase, implying differences in the N2‐machinery from these ancient archaea.
Functional and structural characterization of an IclR family transcription factor for the development of dicarboxylic acid biosensors
Authors: Pham Chester , Nasr Mohamed A. , Skarina Tatiana , Di Leo Rosa , Kwan David H. , Martin Vincent J. J. , Stogios Peter J. , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan , Savchenko Alexei
Published: May 2024

Prokaryotic transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression in response to small molecules, thus representing promising candidates as versatile small molecule‐detecting biosensors valuable for synthetic biology applications. The engineering of such biosensors requires thorough in vitro and in vivo characterization of TF ligand response as well as detailed molecular structure information. In this work, we functionally and structurally characterize the Pca regulon regulatory protein (PcaR) transcription factor belonging to the IclR transcription factor family. Here, we present in vitro functional analysis of the ligand profile of PcaR and the construction of genetic circuits for the characterization of PcaR as an in vivo biosensor in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report the crystal structures of PcaR in the apo state and in complex with one of its ligands, succinate, which suggests the mechanism of dicarboxylic acid recognition by this transcription factor. This work contributes key structural and functional insights enabling the engineering of PcaR for dicarboxylic acid biosensors, in addition to providing more insights into the IclR family of regulators.
Nitrogen acquisition and retention pathways in sustainable perennial bioenergy grass cropping systems
Authors: Duan Danyang , Kent Angela D.
Published: May 2024

Perennial tall grasses show promise as bioenergy crops due to high productivity and efficient nutrient use. Ongoing research on bioenergy grasses seeks to reduce their reliance on synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer, the manufacture of which relies on fossil fuel combustion. Excessive use of fertilizers also causes adverse environmental consequences and leads to the evolutionary loss of plant traits beneficial to sustainable N cycle. Notably, perennial tall grasses have exhibited the potential to maintain high biomass yield without the need for N fertilizer or causing soil N depletion. Perennial grasses can be adept at interacting with their microbial partners to facilitate N acquisition and retention via mechanisms such as biological N fixation and nitrification inhibition. These inherent N management traits should be preserved and optimized at the this early stage of bioenergy grass breeding programs. This review examines the impact of external N on bioenergy grass production and explores the potential of leveraging advantageous N‐cycling attributes of perennial tall grasses, laying groundwork for future management and research efforts. With minimized dependency on external N input, the cultivation of perennial energy grasses will pave the way toward more resilient agricultural systems and play a significant role in addressing key global energy and environmental challenges.
Probiotic orange Bacillus‐infused jelly candies: development and effect on food borne, oral pathogen and commercial probiotics
Authors: Khullar Gauri , Nayem Md Faridunnabi , Kanyakam Kanyarat , Thanyasrisung Panida , Prakitchaiwattana Cheunjit
Published: May 2024

This research presents a novel approach to develop pigmented probiotic jelly candies by incorporating an orange pigment‐producing Bacillus 63‐11 strain, encapsulated with surface maltodextrin (MDs) or internal coating maltodextrin (MDi) or sodium alginate (SA). The study evaluated the impact of different coating methods on probiotic activities, antagonistic effects, physical properties and consumer acceptance. Results indicated that coating methods did not compromise the probiotic and antagonistic properties of the Bacillus 63‐11 strain. Over a 6‐month period, all coating methods exhibited increased water activity with minimal microbiological changes. MD‐coated candies demonstrated optimal probiotic viability, tolerance and sensory appeal, emphasising colour preferences. SA‐coated candies exhibited lower viability but superior texture. This study demonstrated the successful development of an unconventional jelly candy prototype with implications for commercialisation. The findings underscore the pivotal role of coating material and method in influencing crucial aspects of the candy, offering valuable insights for the market potential of such innovative products.
Stable measurement of chemistry, immunochemistry, and hematology analytes in a heparin‐based anticoagulant with iloprost additive: A promising candidate for the polyvalent blood collection tube
Authors: Wiwe Elias Frost , Schmidt Laura Emilie , Zeuthen Emilie , Engelstoft Ida Maria Storm , Christiansen Buris Brinch , Hansen Thomas Steen , Burkhardt Melanie A. , Jensen Claus Antonio Juel
Published: May 2024

Introduction

A polyvalent blood collection tube could potentially reduce the number and volume of blood samples drawn from patients and reduce the risk of tube mix‐ups in a point‐of‐care setting in the emergency department and the intensive care unit.

Methods

Four different concentrations of our experimental heparin anticoagulant with iloprost additive (HEP‐ILOP 50 nM, 150 nM, 1000 nM, and 10 μM, respectively) were tested for significant differences and bias performance specifications against EDTA for 29 hematology analytes, and the highest concentration (HEP‐ILOP 10 μM) against lithium heparin for 14 chemistry and immunochemistry analytes. Samples were drawn from 79 consenting subjects from the Oncology Department (n = 38) and the Intensive and Intermediary Care Unit (n = 41).

Results

For hematology analytes, the HEP‐ILOP formulation generally provided stable measurement within optimal requirements within 5 h after sampling (mean 104 ± 56 min), with very little difference between the four HEP‐ILOP concentrations. Because of differences in platelet and red blood cell swelling between EDTA and HEP‐ILOP, all size‐dependent analytes required proportional factorization to produce similar results. Platelet count by impedance similarly required factorization, whereas the fluorescent method provided results identical with EDTA. Chemistry and immunochemistry analytes were within optimal requirements except for potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose, indicating a cytoprotective effect of iloprost reducing cell metabolism and rupture, thereby producing results closer to in vivo conditions.

Conclusions

Our novel dry‐sprayed anticoagulant formulation, HEP‐ILOP, is a promising candidate for a polyvalent blood collection tube, enabling the analysis of hematology, chemistry, and immunochemistry analytes in the same tube.
Art, science and inclusion: multisensory Sciart of immunology for blind, low‐vision and diverse‐needs audiences
Authors: Tandori Erica , Favilla Stuart
Published: May 2024

Art is a powerful tool for conveying scientific discovery. Despite the perceived gap between art and science, as highlighted by CP Snow and others, examples of art communicating science can be found in the ancient world, the Renaissance and contemporary data visualization, demonstrating an enduring and historic connection. However, much of science relies on visual elements, excluding those with blindness, low vision and diverse needs, resulting in their low representation in STEM discourse. This paper introduces a novel science and art collaboration in the form of an exhibition program exploring the concepts of Immunology and Biomedicine to blind and vision‐impaired audiences, capitalizing on the lived experience of a legally blind artist. Employing multisensory design, art and co‐creation methodologies, it transcends traditional vision‐based science communication, showcasing the potential for multisensory art to bridge the gap at the intersection of science and inclusion.
New synergistic combination therapy approaches with HDAC inhibitor quisinostat, cisplatin or PARP inhibitor talazoparib for urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Meneceur Sarah , De Vos Caroline E. , Petzsch Patrick , Köhrer Karl , Niegisch Günter , Hoffmann Michèle J.
Published: May 2024

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) urgently requires new therapeutic options. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are frequently dysregulated in UC and constitute interesting targets for the development of alternative therapy options. Thus, we investigated the effect of the second generation HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) quisinostat in five UC cell lines (UCC) and two normal control cell lines in comparison to romidepsin, a well characterized HDACi which was previously shown to induce cell death and cell cycle arrest. In UCC, quisinostat led to cell cycle alterations, cell death induction and DNA damage, but was well tolerated by normal cells. Combinations of quisinostat with cisplatin or the PARP inhibitor talazoparib led to decrease in cell viability and significant synergistic effect in five UCCs and platinum‐resistant sublines allowing dose reduction. Further analyses in UM‐UC‐3 and J82 at low dose ratio revealed that the mechanisms included cell cycle disturbance, apoptosis induction and DNA damage. These combinations appeared to be well tolerated in normal cells. In conclusion, our results suggest new promising combination regimes for treatment of UC, also in the cisplatin‐resistant setting.
SCPLPA: AnmiRNA–disease association prediction model based on spatial consistency projection and label propagation algorithm
Authors: Chen Min , Deng Yingwei , Li Zejun , Ye Yifan , Zeng Lijun , He Ziyi , Peng Guofang
Published: May 2024

Identifying the association between miRNA and diseases is helpful for disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. It is of great significance to use computational methods to predict potential human miRNA disease associations. Considering the shortcomings of existing computational methods, such as low prediction accuracy and weak generalization, we propose a new method called SCPLPA to predict miRNA–disease associations. First, a heterogeneous disease similarity network was constructed using the disease semantic similarity network and the disease Gaussian interaction spectrum kernel similarity network, while a heterogeneous miRNA similarity network was constructed using the miRNA functional similarity network and the miRNA Gaussian interaction spectrum kernel similarity network. Then, the estimated miRNA–disease association scores were evaluated by integrating the outcomes obtained by implementing label propagation algorithms in the heterogeneous disease similarity network and the heterogeneous miRNA similarity network. Finally, the spatial consistency projection algorithm of the network was used to extract miRNA disease association features to predict unverified associations between miRNA and diseases. SCPLPA was compared with four classical methods (MDHGI, NSEMDA, RFMDA and SNMFMDA), and the results of multiple evaluation metrics showed that SCPLPA exhibited the most outstanding predictive performance. Case studies have shown that SCPLPA can effectively identify miRNAs associated with colon neoplasms and kidney neoplasms. In summary, our proposed SCPLPA algorithm is easy to implement and can effectively predict miRNA disease associations, making it a reliable auxiliary tool for biomedical research.
Exploring the influence of microgravity on chemotherapeutic drug response in cancer: Unveiling new perspectives
Authors: Vora Preksha Manish , Prabhu Sudharshan
Published: May 2024

Microgravity, an altered gravity condition prevailing in space, has been reported to have a profound impact on human health. Researchers are very keen to comprehensively investigate the impact of microgravity and its intricate involvement in inducing physiological changes. Evidenced transformations were observed in the internal architecture including cytoskeletal organization and cell membrane morphology. These alterations can significantly influence cellular function, signalling pathways and overall cellular behaviour. Further, microgravity has been reported to alter in the expression profile of genes and metabolic pathways related to cellular processes, signalling cascades and structural proteins in cancer cells contributing to the overall changes in the cellular architecture. To investigate the effect of microgravity on cellular and molecular levels numerous ground‐based simulation systems employing both in vitro and in vivo models are used. Recently, researchers have explored the possibility of leveraging microgravity to potentially modulate cancer cells against chemotherapy. These findings hold promise for both understanding fundamental processes and could potentially lead to the development of more effective, personalized and innovative approaches in therapeutic advancements against cancer.
Does Populism Matter in EU–China Relations? The Cases of Italy and Czechia
Authors: Jakimów Małgorzata , Boni Filippo , Turcsányi Richard
Published: May 2024

This article investigates whether populism affects the foreign policy of European Union (EU) member states towards China and, if so, through what mechanisms. In order to answer this question, we examine the cases of Italy and Czechia, both of which went through turbulent relations with China in the recent decade whilst also experiencing several government changes between populist and non‐populist parties. Our analysis reveals that whilst populist‐led governments appeared to be more China‐friendly than non‐populist governments, the impact of populism is not direct but mediated through other variables, namely, thick ideology, economic pragmatism and international positioning. We propose this model as a hypothesis for testing in future research. In addition, our findings suggest a need to rethink the relationship between thin–thick ideologies in the study of populism and to emphasise the role of ‘economic pragmatism’ as a mediating variable, which has been largely missing from the literature on populist foreign policy.
Modeling thermal inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis in ground chicken supplemented with a mixture of ribwort, sorrel, and yarrow extracts
Authors: Coşansu Serap , Ay Ayşegül , Toupal Samin , Avcı Ayşe
Published: May 2024

Thermal death kinetics of Salmonella Enteritidis in ground chicken in the presence of ribwort, sorrel and yarrow extracts mixture (1%) was investigated by fitting the inactivation curves to the log–linear and Weibull models. The thermal inactivation curves were fitted well to both models (r2 ≥ 0.94). The times required for 4–log reduction in the S. Enteritidis population were shortened by 47–64% in ground chicken supplemented with the herbal extract mixture (p < 0.05). The 4–log reduction times calculated using the Weibull model were 0.13–13.6% longer than those extrapolated with the log–linear model. The z values in the ground chicken samples with and without herbal extract were 5.08°C (r2 = 0.97) and 5.57°C (r2= 0.94), respectively. The results suggest that the mixture of these extracts increased the thermal sensitivity of S. Enteritidis significantly at tested temperatures. In addition, using the Weibull model to calculate thermal death kinetics may reduce the underestimation of the thermal reduction times.

Practical applications

This research aimed to investigate the effects of an herbal extract mixture consisting of ribwort, sorrel, and yarrow on the thermal resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis in ground chicken. While these plants are recognized for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, there are not many studies conducted to explore their effects on foodborne pathogens in the food matrix. As far as we know, this is the first study that examines the impact of these plants on the thermal resistance of S. Enteritidis in ground chicken. We determined the thermal death kinetics of S. Enteritidis in ground chicken with and without the herbal extract mixture using curve fitting to log‐linear and Weibull models. The findings of this study could help the food industry to develop cooking conditions for Salmonella‐free chicken products.
High‐pressure processing for inactivation of enzymes, microbes, and its effect on nutritional composition of tender coconut water
Authors: Reddy Nalla Bhanu Prakash , Buvaneswaran Malini , Anto Annet Mary , Sinija V. R.
Published: May 2024

Tender coconut water (TCW) processing has been a challenge and is often accompanied by challenges such as beneficial bioactive compound deterioration and enzymatic and non‐enzymatic browning initiation. Fresh TCW was treated with a combination of pressure (350–550 MPa) and treatment time (3–7 min). This study unveiled the potency of high‐pressure processing (HPP) in reducing undesirable enzyme activity, such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity in TCW by up to 36.472% and 30.606%, respectively. The maximum loss of vitamin C was reported to be 7.84% at 550 MPa/7 min compared to the untreated one, which is very acceptable in terms of quality retention. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activities were well retained and increased in the HPP‐treated TCW samples. Similarly, the total and reducing sugar reduction was within 20%–25%. The findings of this investigation demonstrated the effectiveness of high‐pressure processing in preserving quality and reducing the activity of enzymes that cause deterioration in TCW. Moreover, the aerobic plate count (APC) and yeast and mold count (YM) were decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after 450 MPa/5 min treatment.

Practical applications

Over the years, the food industry has been facing a consistent challenge in perishable product processing (juices, milk, meat, etc.) to extend its shelf‐life while keeping its nutritional and sensory properties intact. This study presented a significant insight into TCW processing regarding enzyme, microbial inactivation, and nutritional property preservation using HPP technology. Moreover, from a quality perspective, this work enables the HPP‐treated TCW to be as close to a fresh one without any preservative addition. HPP technique is believed to appeal to industries that seek a green alternative technique to thermal processing (which makes processed foods unacceptable among consumers) to produce minimally treated foods on a commercial scale.
Health professional attitudes and perceptions of prehabilitation and nutrition before haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Miller Laura J. , Halliday Vanessa , Snowden John A. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Lee Julia , Greenfield Diana M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Nutritional prehabilitation may improve haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes, although little evidence exists. The present study aimed to understand healthcare professional (HCP) perceptions of prehabilitation and nutritional care pre‐HCT in UK centres.

Methods

An anonymous online survey (developed and refined via content experts and piloting) was administered via email to multidisciplinary HCPs in 39 UK adult centres, between July 2021 and June 2022. Data are presented as proportions of responses. Routine provision denotes that care was provided >70% of time.

Results

Seventy‐seven percent (n = 66) of HCPs, representing 61.5% (n = 24) of UK adult HCT centres, responded. All HCPs supported prehabilitation, proposing feasible implementation between induction chemotherapy (60.4%; n = 40) and first HCT clinic (83.3%; n = 55). Only 12.5% (n = 3) of centres had a dedicated prehabilitation service. Nutrition (87.9%; n = 58), emotional wellbeing (92.4%; n = 61) and exercise (81.8%; n = 54) were considered very important constituents. HCPs within half of the HCT centres (n = 12 centres) reported routine use of nutrition screening pre‐HCT with a validated tool; 66.7% of HCPs (n = 36) reported using the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST). Sixty‐two percent (n = 41) of HCPs reported those at risk, received nutritional assessments, predominantly by dietitians (91.6%; n = 22) using the dietetic care process (58.3%; n = 14). Body mass index (BMI) was the most frequently reported body composition measure used by HCPs (70.2%, n = 33). Of 59 respondents, non‐dietitians most routinely provided dietary advice pre‐HCT (82.4%; n = 28 vs. 68%; n = 17, p = 0.2); including high‐energy/protein/fat and neutropenic diet advice. Prophylactic enteral feeding pre‐HCT was rare, indicated by low BMI and significant unintentional weight loss. Just under half (n = 25 of 59, 42.4%) HCPs reported exercise advice was given routinely pre‐HCT.

Conclusions

Nutrition and prehabilitation pre‐HCT are considered important and deliverable by HCPs, but current provision in UK centres is limited and inconsistent.
Establishment of genome‐editing system and assembly of a near‐complete genome in broomcorn millet
Authors: Liu Yang , Cheng Zixiang , Chen Weiyao , Wu Chuanyin , Chen Jinfeng , Sui Yi
Published: May 2024

The ancient crop broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an indispensable orphan crop in semi‐arid regions due to its short life cycle and excellent abiotic stress tolerance. These advantages make it an important alternative crop to increase food security and achieve the goal of zero hunger, particularly in light of the uncertainty of global climate change. However, functional genomic and biotechnological research in broomcorn millet has been hampered due to a lack of genetic tools such as transformation and genome‐editing techniques. Here, we successfully performed genome editing of broomcorn millet. We identified an elite variety, Hongmi, that produces embryogenic callus and has high shoot regeneration ability in in vitro culture. We established an Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated genetic transformation protocol and a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9‐mediated genome‐editing system for Hongmi. Using these techniques, we produced herbicide‐resistant transgenic plants and edited phytoene desaturase (PmPDS), which is involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. To facilitate the rapid adoption of Hongmi as a model line for broomcorn millet research, we assembled a near‐complete genome sequence of Hongmi and comprehensively annotated its genome. Together, our results open the door to improving broomcorn millet using biotechnology.