bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAPADOKYA SICAK HAVA BALONU SEKTÖRÜNÜN İTHALATA BAĞIMLILIĞININ ANALİZİ
Authors: ATİOĞLU Eyup
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada, Nevşehir’in Avrupa Birliği’ne üye 27 ülkeden yaptığı toplam ithalat ile Kapadokya’da gerçekleştirilen toplam sıcak hava balonu uçuş sayısı arasındaki ilişki ARDL sınır testi ve Granger nedensellik testi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Veri seti, 2013-11 ve 2019-12 dönemi arasındaki aylık bazda 74 gözlem içermektedir. Çalışmada, ARDL sınır testi ile hesaplanan katsayılara göre sıcak hava balonu uçuş sayısının, Nevşehir’in Avrupa Birliği’ne üye ülkelerden yaptığı toplam ithalat üzerinde artış yarattığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca değişkenler arasındaki nedensel ilişkinin ortaya konulmasına yönelik yapılan Granger nedensellik testi sonucunda, Kapadokya’da gerçekleştirilen toplam sıcak hava balonu uçuş sayısından, Nevşehir’in Avrupa Birliği’ne üye 27 ülkeden yaptığı toplam ithalata doğru Granger nedenselliği saptanmıştır.
Heidegger’s Conversational Pedagogy
Authors: Davies Katherine
Published: September 2022

Between 1944 and 1954, Heidegger wrote five dialogues – or conversations – that stage philosophical discussions. I argue these texts develop a yet unacknowledged Heideggerian pedagogy of conversation. From the characters he conjures to the topics of their discussions, Heidegger underscores the importance of teaching and learning differently in each conversation and shapes his own pedagogical sensibility. Each text uniquely elaborates a particular element of his pedagogy, including the importance of attending to attunement, making mistakes, coming together in community, poetic interpretation, and the dangers of conversational language itself. Only in reading the conversations together does Heidegger’s conversational pedagogy emerge. Above all, the teacher must resist assuming an authoritative role with her students; the Heideggerian teacher must learn to silently gesture toward the locale of the question-worthy by preserving its alterity.
The Future We Want?
Authors: Fremuth Michael Lysander , Stavrou Konstantina
Published: September 2022

The United Nations (UN) Security Council (UNSC) is endowed with the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security under Art. 24 (1) of the Charter of the United Nations (UNC). The establishment of the ad hoc criminal tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda in the 1990s under Chapter VII of the unc has shown that individual criminal accountability for international core crimes belongs to the instruments to address threats to or breaches of peace (Art. 39 of the UNC). With the International Criminal Court (ICC) a permanent institution has been established to sanction the commission of international core crimes. Acting under Chapter VII, the unsc is entitled to refer a situation to the ICC according to Art. 13 (b) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Rome Statute), as well as to defer proceedings (Art. 16 of the Rome Statute). By using their veto power each of the five permanent members of the unsc might block both types of resolutions. While a veto against an ICC referral resolution might hinder the Court from fulfilling its mandate (destructive veto), blocking a deferral resolution might enable the Court to continue its fight against impunity (constructive veto). This article discusses whether obligations stemming from the unc and other sources of public international law, in particular human rights, might impact the decisions of the unsc and the veto exercise in particular in both cases. It intends to contribute to the ongoing discussion by several reflections on the veto powers, and concludes that, even though the veto powers might be influenced by these legal sources, it will be difficult to guide the conduct of the five unsc Permanent Members (P5) with regard to the ICC.
The Human Rights Council at 15: How (Not) to Promote Human Rights in Times of Growing Political Polarization
Authors: Grote Rainer
Published: September 2022

The Human Rights Council is the principal forum for the discussion of human rights issues in the United Nations (UN) system. It has replaced the Human Rights Commission which had been highly successful in the codification of human rights norms and standards, but less so in monitoring their effective implementation. This failure was due in part to the Commission’s design as a body representing Member State governments and the lack of transparent criteria for membership selection. The reforms which led to the replacement of the Commission by the Human Rights Council in 2006 were intended to address these shortcomings but turned out to be compromise solutions which have produced only limited change in the outlook and in the working methods of the Council in comparison to its predecessor. As ideological and political divisions within the international community and the Council have intensified, this has increased the risk of partisanship undermining the credibility of the latter’s work, thus calling into question the Council’s role as an effective instrument for human rights promotion and protection.
Tropical Africa’s First Testbed for High-Impact Weather Forecasting and Nowcasting
Authors: Fletcher J. K. , Diop C. A. , Adefisan E. , Ahiataku M. A. , Ansah S. O. , Birch C. E. , Burns H. L. , Clarke S. J. , Gacheru J. , James T. D. , Tuikong C. K. Ngetich , Koros D. , Indasi V. S. , Lamptey B. L. , Lawal K. A. , Parker D. J. , Roberts A. J. , Stein T. H. M. , Visman E. , Warner J. , Woodhams B. J. , Youds L. H. , Ajayi V. O. , Bosire E. N. , Cafaro C. , Camara C. A. T. , Chanzu B. , Dione C. , Gitau W. , Groves D. , Groves J. , Hill P. G. , Ishiyaku I. , Klein C. M. , Marsham J. H. , Mutai B. K. , Ndiaye P. N. , Osei M. , Popoola T. I. , Talib J. , Taylor C. M. , Walker D.
Published: September 2022

Testbeds have become integral to advancing the transfer of knowledge and capabilities from research to operational weather forecasting in many parts of the world. The first high-impact weather testbed in tropical Africa was recently carried out through the African Science for Weather Information and Forecasting Techniques (SWIFT) program, with participation from researchers and forecasters from Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, the United Kingdom, and international and pan-African organizations. The testbed aims were to trial new forecasting and nowcasting products with operational forecasters, to inform future research, and to act as a template for future testbeds in the tropics. The African SWIFT testbed integrated users and researchers throughout the process to facilitate development of impact-based forecasting methods and new research ideas driven both by operations and user input. The new products are primarily satellite-based nowcasting systems and ensemble forecasts at global and regional convection-permitting scales. Neither of these was used operationally in the participating African countries prior to the testbed. The testbed received constructive, positive feedback via intense user interaction including fishery, agriculture, aviation, and electricity sectors. After the testbed, a final set of recommended standard operating procedures for satellite-based nowcasting in tropical Africa have been produced. The testbed brought the attention of funding agencies and organizational directors to the immediate benefit of improved forecasts. Delivering the testbed strengthened the partnership between each country’s participating university and weather forecasting agency and internationally, which is key to ensuring the longevity of the testbed outcomes.
Howard Atwood Kelly (1858–1943) and the Kelly Clamp
Authors: DuBose Joseph J. , Feliciano David V.
Published: September 2022

While the Kelly clamp remains one of the most utilized instruments in a host of surgical procedures, the namesake of this instrument has become unfamiliar to many modern practitioners and trainees. Howard Atwood Kelly was one of the “Big Four” founding professors at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
China’s Antimonopoly Law Enforcement in the Digital Economy
Authors: Wang Xiaoye , Gao Yajie
Published: September 2022

The year 2021 was the first remarkable year of Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement in the digital economy. Against the macro backdrop of strengthening anti-monopoly and preventing the disorderly expansion of capital, China has closed high-profile cases and enacted relevant guiding documents, implying that competition in the digital economy is undergoing a revolution in China. However, with the strengthening anti-monopoly enforcement in the digital economy, China has also been confronted with new challenges. For example, how to make sure that the interconnectivity between platforms and data interoperability do not interfere with data security, personal privacy, and consumers’ legitimate rights and interests? How to balance the curbing of almost unconstrained digital ecosystems and the enhancement of economic efficiency? With the emergence of digital giants, profound changes are taking place in the competitive relationships between various market participants, while the advantages and disadvantages of capital growth have become increasingly prominent. We propose competition authorities worldwide to learn from and cooperate with each other to solve monopolistic problems in the digital economy, considering it is a global matter.
Preparation and assessment of nanocomposites based on natural rubber latex reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes for Gamma rays shielding applications
Authors: Abdeldaym A. , Elhady M. A.
Published: September 2022

Reinforcement of the flexible shielding properties of natural rubber (NRL) was achieved through various content Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prepared from a simple solution using mixing method. We reported the structure change of NRL upon addaing different contenets of MWCNTs. The results from the X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the nanocomposites have been successfully prepared, making them fitting to impact significant improvement on the mechanical strength of the matrix. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity of the NRL/MWCNTs nanocomposites at room temperature under different nanotube loading conditions were invistgated. The radiation shielding characteristics such as the linear attenuation coefficients (l) and half-value thickness for NRL/MWCNTs nanocomposite films were presented.Thus, from the obtained results, it can be concluded that nanocomposite films offer promising radiation-shielding properties.
Advance Care Directive Preferences in Women Veterans: A Snapshot
Authors: West Sharon K. , Peek Brian , Al-Achi Antoine , LeCompte Doreen
Published: September 2022

Prior research characterizes mainly male veteran preferences at end of life using the Veterans Administration Advance Directive (VA AD), there has been no specific studies focusing on women veteran’s preferences concerning whether the AD is to be strictly (S) followed or to serve as a general guide (G). The purpose of this study was to describe women veteran preferences for life-sustaining treatments (LSTs) in various illness situations to assist providers in discussing end-of-life decisions. Additionally, we compared previously published LST preferences of male veterans with the study’s sample. Using a descriptive retrospective approach, data was collected from 484 women veterans ADs between January 2010 and December 2019. Findings revealed that women tended to trend in the same direction as men, preferring to have advance directives serve as general guidance over being strictly followed. Unconscious/Coma/Vegetative was the only factor that was statistically significant for affecting the choice of following the AD.
Anxiety and Avoidance in Close Relationships Are Associated With Responses to Negative and Positive Stimuli
Authors: Weldon Rebecca B. , Behrens Kazuko Y. , Jones Daniel K. , Drake Erin A. , Fragetta Justine R.
Published: September 2022

Humans tend to assign valence to objects, people, and events in the environment, but there are individual differences in the evaluation of the affective nature of these environmental stimuli. This exploratory study investigated how individual differences in anxiety and avoidance in close relationships are associated with the emotional appraisal of valenced and neutral stimuli. Participants evaluated negative, neutral, and positive stimuli for emotional valence in an image classification task. There was a positivity offset across all participants, in that neutral stimuli were evaluated as more positive than negative. Individuals higher on the Experiences in Close Relationships-Anxiety subscale showed a negativity bias in reaction times and ratings: they had faster response times to negative than to positive stimuli and had a greater tendency to evaluate positive stimuli as “negative.” Individuals higher on the Experiences in Close Relationships-Avoidance subscale gave more positive ratings of negative stimuli and more negative ratings of positive stimuli, which may suggest a general blunted response to emotional stimuli. Findings are discussed in the context of the literature on individual differences and emotional appraisal of stimuli.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of water-jet triboelectric charging of meltblown nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Wang Hong , Wu Yanjin , He Yulong
Published: September 2022

The water-jet triboelectric charging technique has been widely used in China to improve the filtration efficiency of meltblown nonwoven fabric. However, there are few reports on research about water-jet triboelectric charging in the literature. In this paper, influences of the conductivity and pH of water on the filtration efficiency of meltblown nonwoven fabrics were investigated. The surface charge potential and its distribution of water-jet triboelectric charged meltblown nonwoven fabrics were characterized from microscopic and macroscopic aspects by using a bio atomic force microscope and electrostatic voltmeter. The charge stability was analyzed by using the thermally stimulated discharge technique. Meltblown nonwoven fabrics were water-jet triboelectric charged repeatedly in order to explore the charging mechanism. It is found that meltblown nonwoven fabrics with high filtration efficiency were developed by water-jet triboelectric charging treatment and the electrical conductivity of water had more influence than the pH on the filtration efficiency of triboelectric charged meltblown nonwoven fabrics. In addition, a possible mechanism of water-jet triboelectric charging is proposed based on experiments and characterizations.
Numerical simulation and tension regulation of yarn mechanics on warp knitting machines
Authors: Zheng Baoping , Jiang Gaoming
Published: September 2022

This research aims to solve the problem of large yarn tension fluctuation in different angle regions of one course. The importance of yarn tension regulation is demonstrated by numerical simulation and a yarn tension regulation system is designed. In particular, by combining the motion of the loop forming mechanism, the force on the yarn is simulated and calculated by the finite element method; the knitting accuracy deviation caused by the yarn force acting on the guide needle and knitting needle is also analyzed and simulated. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the hardware and software platform of the tension regulation system are developed, the selection of the tension control device is optimized, the software control module is designed, and the motion curves of quintic polynomial displacement, velocity and acceleration are planned to realize yarn tension regulation. Experiments are conducted under different lapping and speeds. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional let-off control system, the designed tension regulation system can reduce the yarn tension peak by at least 51.7% and the yarn tension fluctuation range by at least 54.9% in one course. The experimental results verify that the designed tension regulation system has excellent control performance for dynamic yarn tension, and thus improves the yarn knittability and knitting accuracy.
Age segregation and housing unaffordability: Generational divides in housing opportunities and spatial polarisation in England and Wales
Authors: Sabater Albert , Finney Nissa
Published: September 2022

Age is an important known driver of residential sorting, yet little is understood about how age segregation is affected by housing unaffordability. This relationship is particularly pertinent given trends of increasing housing inequalities and population ageing, in Europe and elsewhere. Using harmonised population data for small areas linked with local house price statistics and household incomes in England and Wales, this paper examines the scale of, and links between, residential age segregation and housing unaffordability. The results reveal a strong association between increasing housing unaffordability (for sales and rentals) and increasing residential age segregation (beyond other local characteristics). This association is particularly marked in urban and rich (least deprived) areas. This points to increasing spatial polarisation along the intersections of wealth and age: not only are the wealthiest parts of the country, where housing is particularly unaffordable, becoming increasingly demarcated socio-economically but also by age. This implies that age-related life course processes are integral to the trends observed more broadly of increasing socio-spatial polarisation.
Case fatality and factors associated with Maternal mortality in patients with eclampsia: A retrospective review of 761 cases in a tertiary institution in Nigeria
Authors: Geidam Ado D , Audu Bala M , Usman Abdullahi
Published: September 2022

To determine the case fatality and factors associated with maternal mortality in patients with eclampsia in UMTH, we conducted a retrospective review of 761 consecutive cases of eclampsia managed UMTH, Nigeria, from 2005 to 2020. Case fatality was 7.6%, most being unbooked primigravidae with no formal education. Common causes of death identified were aspiration, cerebrovascular accident, and haemorrhage. Admission delayed >10 hours was found to be independently associated with maternal death, and Caesarean delivery.
Synthesis and properties of biobased non-isocyanate aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers with butanediurethane hard segments
Authors: Qin Yao , Yuan Xiaokai , Sang Zhihui , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhao Jingbo , Zhang Junying
Published: September 2022

A simple non-isocyanate route is established to synthesize biobased aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPEUs) with excellent mechanical properties. Melt transurethane co-polycondensation of bis(hydroxyethyl) butanediurethane (BHBDU) with different polycaprolactone-diols (PCDLs) was conducted at 170°C under a reduced pressure of 3 mmHg, and a series of TPEUs were prepared. The TPEUs were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, wide angle X-ray scattering, DSC, TGA, dynamic mechanical analysis, atomic force microscopy, and tensile test. TPUEs exhibited Mn above 25,000 g/mol, Tg of −36 to 1°C, Tm up to 105°C, maximal tensile strength of 38 MPa with a strain at break of 926%, and resilience of 80%–90%. BHBDU and PCDLs may be synthesized from bioresources. Biobased aliphatic TPU elastomers with excellent tensile strength and resilience were prepared successfully through a non-isocyanate route.
Numerical investigation of fire in the cavity of naturally ventilated double skin façade with venetian blinds
Authors: Huang Youxian , Yeboah Siegfried , Shao Jingjing
Published: September 2022

Double skin façades (DSFs), offer great views, architectural aesthetics, and energy savings. Yet, in a fire event the glass façade breaks leading to risks to human life and firefighting difficulties. Shading devices incorporated to prevent unfavourable heat gains to reduce cooling load though offer energy savings potentially present other challenges in firefighting and occupants’ evacuation. In this study, Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) was used to numerically investigate the spread of a 5 MW HRR polyurethane GM27 fire in a multi-storey double skin façade building with Venetian blinds placed in its cavity. The blinds were positioned 0.4 m away from the internal glazing, middle of the cavity and 0.4 m away from the external glazing respectively. In each blind position the slat angle was opened at 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° respectively. The results show peak inner glazing surface temperature ranged between 283°C to 840°C depending on the thermocouple position, the Venetian blind position and slat opening angle. Without Venetian blinds, peak inner glazing surface temperatures ranged between 468°C to 614°C. In all cases except when the slat angle was 0° and the blind was positioned closer to the outer glazing, the inner glazing surface temperature from the closest thermocouple (TC 14) above the fire room exceeded 600°C, the glass breakage temperature threshold. Overall, the Venetian blind position and slat opening angle influenced the spread of fire. Venetian blind combustibility and flammability were not considered and therefore recommended for future studies.

Practical Application: Our manuscript helps to develop new thinking on mitigation of fire risks in buildings for architects, engineers and designers when incorporating Venetian blinds in Double Skin Façades (DSFs).
“A Question of Freedom”: Black Workers, Union Membership, and Political Participation
Authors: Wilkerson Tiamba M.
Published: September 2022

Despite the historic connection between labor and citizenship rights for Black people, the specific role of labor organizations in mobilizing Black workers remains understudied. This research examines the effect of union membership on Black political and civic engagement. Analyzing survey data from 1973 to 1994, results show Black union members were significantly more likely than Black nonunion workers to participate in a range of political activities, and to greater degrees, especially members with less education. Understanding unions as important sites of political activism for Black workers is critical for the growth and maintenance of both the labor movement and the Black freedom struggle.
A sound-absorbing and heat-insulating collagen fiber composite material
Authors: Hui Chen Jiaxing Zhang , Shan Zhihua
Published: September 2022

Using methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as core monomers and polystyrene as the shell layer, polymer hollow microspheres (PHM) with good stability were prepared by using an alkali osmotic swelling method followed by spray drying. The average size of the PHM was approximately 875 nm. As a filling cross-linking agent, the PHM were added to a skin collagen material to disperse and fix, and a “polymer hollow microsphere composite collagen fiber” (PHCC) material was obtained. The results show that the PHM improve the mechanical strength, thermal stability and water resistance of the skin collagen material. The PHCC material has a low thermal conductivity (0.035 W/(K·m)) and excellent sound insulation performance and retains the soft and delicate touch of leather, which has application value in high-grade decorative materials and functional leather. This provides a new approach for developing flexible sound-absorbing thermal insulation materials.
Awakening from the sleep-walking society: Crisis, detachment and the real in prepper awakening narratives
Authors: Barker Kezia
Published: September 2022

Thoroughly saturated by ordinary crisis, routinized emergency and the normalization of apocalypticism, late-modern society is nevertheless depicted as sleep-walking into crisis; a further, overlapping crisis of the ‘real.’ This paper explores the potential of prepper awakening narratives – the moment preppers ‘wake up' to the reality of crisis – to contribute to explorations of detachment and denial in the Anthropocene. These narratives, part of the wider repertoire of prepper story-crafting, provide justification for the prepper’s transition to an anticipatory subjectivity, emotionally and sensually attuned to crisis and  motivated to prepare. Extending existing conceptualizations of awakening, I argue that prepper awakenings are defined by the uncanny realization of distance from an ideal state of security. To illustrate, I consider narratives of bodily vulnerability, insecurity at home and abandonment in public places, which express shock at the failure of relationality implicit to the safety fictions of these spaces. In this reckoning with the ‘autonomous’ modern self the agential and aware prepper emerges, but this does not in itself lead to a renewed moment of politics or production of revolutionary consciousness. Instead, the horrifying real’ is recrafted as a vital space of self-reliance and resourcefulness, a place to reflect on endurance beyond this world-ending.
Marginality and Modernity on the South Shore: Blackpool’s Fortune Tellers, Authenticity and Belonging
Authors: West Tamara
Published: September 2022

This article explores early twentieth-century visual and textual representations of fortune telling in Blackpool, England. It does so to investigate the Romani presence at, and centrality to, this seaside resort in order to query the shared and contested space(s) emergent during the development of what was at the time an inherently modern and innovative touristic place. Starting the discussion with a well-known 1930s Mass Observation image of a palmist’s booth, the article then explores earlier photographs and postcards from the turn of the century depicting fortune-telling tents on Blackpool’s South Shore sandhills. Here three interlinked strands of enquiry are addressed. Firstly, the shared histories and development of Romani fortune tellers and their families and the rise of the touristic offer of Blackpool; secondly, the dichotomy of the marketing and representation of fortune telling as an integral part of this touristic offer and the precarity and criminalization of the fortune tellers’ lives and activities; and thirdly, the often overlooked ways in which fortune tellers utilized visual representations themselves as a way of creating and self-marketing a space of authenticity and place-based belonging. To do this the article draws upon contemporaneous ethnographic reports, professional and family photographs, newspaper reports and magazine articles.
Misplaced drainage tube inserted in the vein in a percutaneous nephrostomy: a case series
Authors: Song Yuanming , Zhao Changyong , Zhang Zhongyi , Zhan Shun , Qiu Zuze , Li Daobing
Published: September 2022

Percutaneous nephrostomy is a critical procedure for establishing surgical pathways from the skin to the renal collecting system. The drainage tube involved in the procedure rarely deviates into the renal vein. Herein, we report three cases in which the related drainage tube was mistakenly inserted into the renal vein and inferior vena cava after the renal vein was injured during percutaneous nephrostomy. In the three cases, the nephrostomy tube and double-J tube were gradually withdrawn from the renal pelvis or renal calyces under computed tomography (CT) monitoring. In case 1, the fistula tube was not completely withdrawn in time into the renal, causing multiple thromboses in the vein. The fistula was successfully withdrawn from the vena cava after the filter was placed. Finally, the stones were cleared in two cases and one case was discharged without complications after substantial renal function recovery. A safe and reliable approach is to gradually withdraw, within a short timeframe and under CT monitoring, an ectopic renal vein or inferior vena cava drainage tube into the renal pelvis. Removal of the catheter to the renal pelvis or calyces within 3 days can reduce thrombotic complications.
Leiomyoma of the urethra: a rare benign tumor
Authors: Wen Zhi , Liu Yang , Hao Peng , Yang XueSong
Published: September 2022

We herein report a rare case of leiomyoma of the urethra. A young woman with no history of malignancy was referred to our hospital because of a 1-year history of frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria. Postoperative pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of urethral leiomyoma. After tumor resection, the patient was followed up for 2 months in the outpatient department and developed no obvious postoperative complications such as urinary incontinence.
The entrepreneurial role of waste companies in transforming waste streams to value streams: Lessons from a Danish Municipal waste company
Authors: Moalem Rikke Marie , Kerndrup Søren
Published: September 2022

The circular economy (CE) gives rise to paradigm shifts in the understanding, practice and regulation of waste, challenging a waste sector built for the linear waste paradigm of waste streams rather than value streams. We examine how a waste management company developed value streams, caught between increasing competition for waste types with high market value, and rigid regulation limiting the development of new streams. This cross-pressure necessitates new knowledge and practices to not only transform waste streams into value streams, but also to prioritize the inner circles prescribed by the CE paradigm. There is a potential for increasing reuse of products that have been collected as waste or handed in at municipal recycling stations. However, if the product value is not sufficient to be attractive for the existing market, then the value must be added, and a market must be created. There is a great deal still to learn about what it takes to create value out of waste products and what the role of municipal waste companies is in that process. Our findings indicate that unlocking the potential of waste (in this case, old bricks and waste electrical and electronic equipment) has been far from straightforward. Value must be created through several activities, requiring collaboration between a range of actors as well as new knowledge and business competencies. This contribution aims to open discussion on what it takes for waste management companies to navigate the new complexities in the transition from waste to resource management.
Effect of thermal and ultrasonic pretreatment on lactic acid fermentation of food waste
Authors: Pau Simone , Tan Lea Chua , Arriaga Garcia Sonia Lorena , Lens Piet NL
Published: September 2022

Food waste (FW) generation has become one of the largest environmental concerns for human society. Thanks to its chemical features and its high biodegradability, FW can be used as starting platform to produce biocommodities. Lactic acid (LA) is one of those chemicals that is gaining the attention of industry and research for its important role in polylactic acids production. To exploit better the organic content of FW, several FW pretreatments have been proposed in the literature, though none of them were aimed at influencing LA fermentation. Thermal and ultrasonic pretreatment effects on solubilization rates and LA production yields have been investigated in this batch study. The highest solubilization rate was achieved with 30 minutes ultrasonic pretreated FW resulting in a 15% increment in soluble COD (sCOD). The highest LA yield was obtained after 90-minute thermal pretreatment at 80 and 100°C at a yield of 0.49 g LA•g COD−1. This study shows that ultrasonic pretreatment generally performed better than thermal pretreatment when considering the increase in sCOD but caused a reduction in LA concentrations and yields after fermentation with high production of ethanol. The opposite trend was recorded in the thermal pretreated incubations, in which LA was present for 50% of the sCOD with higher LA concentrations of 2.90 g COD•L−1.
Measurement Invariance of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents in Chinese and American Adolescents Samples
Authors: Chen Yuling , Wang Sisi , Ling Yu
Published: September 2022

To establish the factor structure of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) in Chinese and American adolescent samples; to assess measurement invariance of the ERQ-CA in Chinese and American adolescent samples and latent means across early adolescents from two diverse cultural settings. The ERQ-CA was administered to 1221 Chinese adolescents (49.3% males) and 1148 American adolescents (50.1% males), and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate measurement invariance.(1) Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis of the ERQ-CA demonstrated full configural invariance, full metric invariance, partial scalar invariance, and partial strict invariance. (2) The latent variable mean comparisons revealed significant differences between the two samples; specifically, Chinese adolescents’ mean scores on the latent variables of cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) were significantly higher than American adolescents’ scores. The findings demonstrated that the ERQ-CA displays appropriate measurement invariance across Chinese and America adolescents and that Chinese adolescents reported higher scores on CR and ES.
Adult Iranian English Language Learners’ Identity Work: An Exploration of Language Practices and Learner Identities
Authors: Moharami Mehdi , Keary Anne , Kostogriz Alex
Published: September 2022

Iranian authorities view English language learning as a disturbing influence on national identity. They are concerned about its impact on learners’ identities. Despite the political concern, there is growing interest in learning English in Iranian private schools for personal and social development. This article reports on a study in which six male and two female adult English language learners in Iran were interviewed. The semi-structured interviews provided insights into learners’ identity formation and social practices. The data showed developments in learners’ perceptions of national identity, cultural, and religious practices. The globalization of English has amplified learners’ level of access to the discourse of others, while the level of investment in learning is indispensable in their identity formation. This research argues that English language learning and its associated everyday practices lead to learners’ identity work. This has significant implications for language education in cultures with adverse views toward learning English.
Clinical and Radiological Correlation of Low Flow Vascular Malformation Treated With Percutaneous Sclerotherapy
Authors: Nichat Vaibhav , Shenouda Nazih , Koujak Khaldoun , Zwicker Kelley , Barrowman Nick , Bijelic Vid , Shapira-Zaltsberg Gali
Published: September 2022

Objective: To retrospectively correlate imaging findings post-sclerotherapy of low-flow vascular malformations with clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 81 pediatric patients who had sclerotherapy in our department over a 14-year period. Patients with a diagnosis of low-flow vascular malformation, pre and post-treatment ultrasound (US) and clinical follow-up evaluation were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were coexisting high-flow vascular malformations, history of additional surgical or medical treatment to their malformation and large infiltrative lesions difficult to measure on US. Pre and post-treatment sonographic volumes of the malformation were assessed. Changes in volume were categorized into 6- increased volume, stable and volume decrease of 1-25%/26-50%/51-75%/75-100%. Clinical outcomes were categorized into 4 – worse, no change, improved and symptom free. In cases where pre-treatment MRI was available, the estimated malformation volumes in both modalities were correlated using Spearman’s rank correlation. The change in sonographic volume was correlated with clinical outcome using Spearman’s rank correlation. P-values < .05 were considered significant. Results: Twenty-nine patients were included in the study; 13 with venous malformation (VM), and 16 with lymphatic malformation (LM). Nineteen patients had both pre-treatment US and MRI, showing correlation in volume between the 2 modalities ( P < .001). Post-treatment change in volume correlated with clinical outcome for combined venous and LMs (rho = .44, P = .02). No correlation was found when venous (rho = .48, P = .09) and lymphatic (rho = .33, P = .21) malformations were considered separately. Conclusion: Ultrasound can potentially be used as an objective tool in evaluating sclerotherapy treatment response of low-flow vascular malformations in the pediatric population.
A genealogy of the scalable subject: Measuring health in the Cornell Study of Occupational Retirement (1950–60)
Authors: Moreira Tiago
Published: September 2022

Increased use of scales in data-driven consumer digital platforms and the management of organisations has led to greater interest in understanding social and psychological measurement expertise and techniques as historically constituted ‘technologies of power’ in the making of what Stark has labelled the ‘scalable subject’. Taking a genealogical approach, and drawing on published and archival data, this article focuses on self-rated health, a scale widely used in population censuses, national health surveys, patient-reported outcome measurement tools, and a variety of digital apps. The article suggests that the first methodological articulation of self-rated health by the investigators of the Cornell Study of Occupational Retirement (1951–58) provides a window into the key epistemic, institutional, and cultural uncertainties about psychological and social measurement, processes of adjustment to ‘old age’, and the capacity of individuals to value their own health. I propose that these uncertainties have become incorporated into extant and operational measurements of health.
Kinship acknowledged and denied: Collecting and publishing kinship materials in 19th-century settler-colonial states
Authors: Gardner Helen
Published: September 2022

In the second half of the 19th century, anthropology rode the coat-tails of modernity, adopting new printing technologies, following new travel networks, and gaining increasing access to Indigenous people as colonialism spread and new policies were developed to contain and control people in settler-colonial states. The early innovator in kinship studies Lewis Henry Morgan and his two greatest proteges, Lorimer Fison and A. W. Howitt, working respectively in the United States, Fiji, and Australia, epitomised this conflation of governance, technologies of representation, and anthropology. They corresponded on the alterity of kinship systems across increasingly regularised postal routes, and developed new forms of collecting and new diagrammatic representations of kinship using developments at the press. Nineteenth-century kinship studies were focused exclusively on relationships formed through biology and descent, and there was little recognition of kinship making beyond these forms. This was especially significant for Howitt, whose closest Aboriginal interlocutor, Tulaba, claimed him as a brogan (brother), according to Gunaikurnai kinship paradigms. This article tracks the links between the collection and publication of kinship material in the questionnaires and the books of the latter part of the 19th century across the English-speaking world and the outcomes for Indigenous peoples, as arguments for distinctive kinship systems helped define their ‘primitiveness’ and dismissed Aboriginal attempts to forge kinship links across the settler/Indigenous divide.
Acceleration signal simulation induced by single obstacle crossings by means of nonlinear, block-oriented models for an automotive comfort simulator
Authors: Reichel Kevin , Meywerk Martin
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a method for replicating transient signals induced in a passenger car by single-obstacle crossings. These replicated signals should be used in a ride comfort simulator. By using feedforward-inverse-model-control with direct identification of the inverse transfer function, time-consuming iterations of conventional time waveform replication methods are eliminated. The quality of the system identification for approximating the inverse transfer function is significantly increased by decomposing the frequency band and the complexity is considerably reduced. The use of nonlinear block-oriented models significantly decreases the replication errors in frequency bands with high nonlinearity influence.
Fuzzy robust non-fragile control for nonlinear active suspension systems with time varying actuator delay
Authors: Xie Zhengchao , You Wei , Wong Pak Kin , Li Wenfeng , Zhao Jing
Published: September 2022

The active suspension systems have attracted increasing attentions because of its advantages in improving automotive dynamic performance. This paper focuses on the fuzzy robust non-fragile [Formula: see text] control problem for the nonlinear active suspension system with the time-varying actuator delay and control uncertainty. Firstly, a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy suspension model is established to describe the highly nonlinear components in the suspension system. Then, a series of linear matrix inequalities are derived based on a novel parameter Lyapunov function to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the suspension systems. Also, a fuzzy [Formula: see text] controller is derived for the proposed fuzzy suspension model with the parallel distributed compensation method. Thirdly, a co-design criterion is proposed to obtain the fuzzy controller with the time varying delay and control uncertainty simultaneously. Finally, both simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller.
Aircraft trajectory generation and control for minimum fuel and time efficient climb
Authors: Salahudden Salahudden , Joshi Harshal Vitthal
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a novel approach for generating the best possible climb trajectory that ensures minimum fuel and time efficient climb. The problem is first formulated using standard steady climb equations, which generate a unique combination of flight velocity and flight path angle at each altitude. A possible scenario, such as air density, mass, available power, and required powered variation with altitude, is taken into account when defining the problem. Thereafter, sliding-mode-based trajectory tracking control is formulated with its design procedures, system stability with applied control inputs, finite-time convergence analysis, and complete architecture. A Hansa-3 research aircraft is considered as an example model to demonstrate the work. The findings of generated trajectory are then produced and discussed. In order to follow the design trajectory and achieve the same, the sliding-mode-based control command is supplied. The novelty of the present work lies in proposed strategy of trajectory generation, wherein the aircraft path and velocity are found out to make the fuel and time efficient climb possible. Subsequently, robust control law is developed which shows the applicability of the proposed work on autopilot. The results show that the proposed controller not only controls the aircraft but is also able to follow the design trajectory with minimal errors. To further explore the impact of aircraft mass on climb performance, repeated set simulation is carried out. The outcome is compared with conventional climb, which promises its practical implementation since the proposed solution is simple and compatible to integrate with the existing aircraft autopilot.
Agnosticism on Racial Integration: Liberal-Democratic or Libertarian?
Authors: Pippenger Nathan
Published: September 2022

Theorists of racial justice in the United States have long disagreed about the respective merits of integration versus separatism. In an attempt to reframe this debate, Andrew Valls has developed a liberal approach that purports to cut across the integration/separation divide. On this approach, the goal is to establish fair choice conditions for individuals choosing where to affiliate; when fair conditions obtain, the theory espouses a normative agnosticism toward whatever patterns of spatial distribution result. If successful, Valls’s choice-based framework represents a potentially transformative intervention in debates over racial justice. However, this article argues that the framework’s agnostic approach is in tension with its putative applicability to liberal-democratic societies. Specifically, it contends that the theory’s criteria for fair choice are excessively permissive, and that its conception of racial justice relies on an unwarranted assumption that under just conditions, individual choices will produce just aggregate outcomes. The maintenance of the theory’s agnosticism requires it to adopt positions that are better described as libertarian, rather than liberal-democratic. These problems suggest that the integration–separation debate cannot be circumvented via an agnostic appeal to individual choice, because that agnosticism obscures questions about the nature of democracy which are at the heart of the disagreement.
For Better or Worse: Self-reported Changes in Kratom and Other Substance Use as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rogers Jeffrey M , Smith Kirsten E , Schriefer Destiny , Epstein David H
Published: September 2022

Background:

Kratom is taken to self-treat pain and symptoms of psychiatric disorders, including substance-use disorders (SUDs) and opioid withdrawal. Before COVID-19, kratom use was increasing in the US, however, there are few published data on whether that trend continued during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have affected kratom use in multiple ways.

Aim:

To examine COVID-19-related changes in kratom use and how these changes were experienced, relative to changes in other commonly used substances.

Methods:

Using Amazon Mechanical Turk, 2615 evaluable surveys were completed between September 2020 and March 2021. Responses from past-month and past-year kratom-using adults (N = 174) indicating changes for the better or worse were examined using generalized linear mixed effects models, and relevant open-text responses (n = 85) were thematically coded.

Results:

For kratom 33% (n = 58) reported a Covid-related increase and 24% (n = 42) reported a Covid-related decrease. Controlling for changes in amount used, alcohol (OR = 5.02), tobacco (OR = 4.72), and nonmedical opioid use (OR = 3.42) were all more likely to have changed for the worse, compared with kratom use. Relative to decreases in kratom use, decreases in alcohol (OR = 3.21) and tobacco (OR = 6.18) use were more likely to be changes for the better. Cannabis use was the only substance to display a probability lower than 50% of being a decrease for the better, and of the increases, cannabis use displayed the highest probability of being for the better.

Conclusions:

Increases in kratom and cannabis use were less likely than alcohol and tobacco to be reported as changes for the worse, and decreases in kratom and cannabis use were more likely than alcohol and tobacco to be reported as changes for the better. These findings indicate that people differently conceptualize their relationships with kratom and cannabis, compared to their relationships with alcohol and tobacco.
When do people believe, check, and share health rumors on social media? Effects of evidence type, health literacy, and health knowledge
Authors: Xue Haoning , Taylor Laramie
Published: September 2022

Vaccine rumors on social media endanger public health. This study examined how evidence types influenced perceived persuasiveness and relevance and engagement intentions of vaccine rumors. We conducted a 2 (evidence type: anecdotes vs. anecdotal statistics) × 2 (stance: pro-vaccine rumor vs. anti-vaccine rumor) online experiment ( N = 551) and surveyed participants’ health literacy and vaccine knowledge. Anecdotal statistics were perceived as more relevant than anecdotes and indirectly influenced perceived persuasiveness and behavior intentions. This finding was confirmed when vaccine rumors were pro-attitudinal. Health literacy positively predicted perceived persuasiveness; health knowledge negatively predicted relevance and behavior intentions. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed.