bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neomercado y neodemocracia
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 22, 1991: 435-438
Reforma agraria con orientación de mercado
Authors: Goitia Alfonso
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 22, 1991: 535-562
Empresarialidad femenina en El Salvador. Sector artesanal de los municipios de Nahuizalco e Ilobasco
Authors: Andino Gerardo Ernesto , Merino Jairo Orlando , Monge Ana Mariel , Schellenberger Adriana Guadalupe
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 5, 2018: 19-24
Comparación regional de leyes en materia de precios de transferencia Centroamérica y Panamá
Authors: Tax services S.A de C. V Audit &
Published: June 2018

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad Empresarial No. 5, 2018: 32-41
"Segundas Oportunidades": Rehabilitación y reinserción con apoyo del sector privado en El Salvador
Authors: Flores Marta
Published: June 2018

Entrevista a Rosa Anaya, Coordinadora de Programa "Segundas Oportunidades". Área de Construcción de Paz y Justicia Catholic Relief Service El Salvador.Realidad Empresarial No. 5, 2018: 48-50
Teachers’ Skills and ICT Integration in Technical and Vocational Education and Training TVET: A Case of Khartoum State-Sudan
Authors: Ramadan Abdelmoiz , Chen Xiaohui , Hudson Laura L.
Published: May 2018

Information and communication technology (ICT) elicited rapidly dissemination over the world. For its impact inSudan, the national government has been energized the institutions to implement ICT in every sector. This studyexamined the Sudanese teachers’ skills and ICT integration in technical and vocational education and training TVETin Khartoum state. The study directed out of two hundred respondents were sampled randomly, questionnaires weredistributed, 168 (84%) were properly filled and returned, 130 were males and 38 females from three various bodiesof TVET include (technical secondary schools, artisan institutions, and vocational training centres). A One-WayANOVA and Independent sample t-test on SPSS version 20 for data analysis were adopted. The results revealed thatsignificantly the respondents are same in terms of demographic information and ICTs usage skills. However, therewas a significant difference among the respondents’ ICT skill due to their ages and qualifications. Consequently,more training needs to be conducted for TVET teachers in basic skills of computer use. Following the internationalstandards, the right decisions we are strongly recommending train/teach pre-service and in-service teachers on ICTsskills based on 21st-century requirement.
Life Writing "from Below" in Europe: Introduction
Authors: Ashplant T. G.
Published: May 2018

The term life writing “from below” is intended to be broad (accommodating) in a double sense: as regards the social status of authors, but also the genre of writing. The phrase “from below” draws on an analogy with the now well-established formulation “history from below” (Sharpe; Hitchcock). In the first instance it refers to authors from low down in a class or status hierarchy. Depending on the society and period in focus, such authors may be slaves, serfs, peasants, crofters, landless labourers, artisans, industrial workers … and may be referred to as—or may designate themselves—plebeians, the labouring poor, the common people, the popular classes, artisans, proletarians, the working class. For the early modern period, James Amelang explains his choice of the term “popular autobiography”:
A Three-Dimensional Evaluation Model of National Fragility Based on Dynamic Weighting
Authors: Yang Qifan , Cao Xiaoyan , Liu Bingqian , Zhang Yuanbiao
Published: May 2018

Nowadays, climate change has become an increasingly important factor that influences the national development. In this paper, we propose the three-dimensional model based on dynamic weighting to measure national fragility, while taking into account a series of climatic factors like temperature, rainfall et al. Our model includes 20 indicators which can be divided into economic factors, social factors and environmental factors. We first divided all indicators into cost-type, benefit-type and moderate indicators, and normalized them based on different types of indicators. Then, combining modified entropy weight method and AHP, the weights of 20 indicators and three factors in the evaluation model are defined. In the three-dimensional evaluation model, we use the length of the evaluation curve to evaluate the national fragility and measure the balance of the three factors with the angle between the curve and the diagonal of the model. Moreover, since countries at different stages of development have different development focuses, we have developed an "S-type" function to dynamically measure the different emphasis on the degree of national fragility and the balance of the three evaluation factors. Then, we calculate the comprehensive fragility index by giving different weights for the degree of national fragility and the balance of the three factors. Finally, we use two different countries which are China and Sudan to verify the rationality of the model. The results show that our model can reasonably measure the fragility of countries in different development levels, which also proves its adaptability and practicability.
Towards Net-Zero Energy in Hot-Dry Regions: Building Envelope Design Strategies for Single-Family Homes
Authors: Alyahya Ahmed A. , Nawari Nawari O.
Published: May 2018

Global climate change is serving as warning signs it gradually begins to capture the attention of people at large. Many actions have been and continue to be taken by governments and organizations to preserve the planet, which is impactful and needed. But conservation efforts are not exclusive to governments and large institutions- individuals can contribute in multiple ways that will have ripple effects, one being the choice to build sustainable, net-zero energy homes. Building a house that is a net-zero energy requires many strategies.One of the most compelling factors in reducing the home energy consumption, to then achieve a net-zero energy home especially in hot-dry regions, is the optimization of the building envelope performance. This paper discussed several building envelope design strategies that are suitable for homes in hot-dry regions and tested them.The Methods including analyzing case study from Qater by using computer and were analyzed using Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools for energy simulation programs. All those strategies were applied to a design proposal for a house in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which is a hot-dry region. Further, the same simulation analyses were projected onto an identical house to the design proposal, but with a traditional, low-efficient building envelope.The results showed that the house with the high-efficient building envelope had 48% less energy consumption than the one that has the low-efficiency envelope.This research demonstrated the efficacy of the building envelope to reduce the energy consumption of single-family homes in hot-dry regions. The study outlines vital strategies for a high-efficient building envelope design in hot-dry areas that reaching net-zero energy homes and thus help to offset the negative impact of climate changes in arid areas.
Formulating Popular Policies for Peat Restoration Based on Livelihoods of Local Farmers
Authors: Wildayana Elisa , M. Edi Armanto M. Edi
Published: May 2018

Important peatland issues developed were how to restore peatlands and followed by increasing rural livelihoods. This research aimed to analyze how peatlands can be utilized to alleviate poverty? and how to integrate peatland restoration with poverty alleviation. This research has been conducted in peatlands of OKI district, South Sumatra Indonesia in 2017. Data about bio geophysical aspects of peatlands, social, economic and political institutions of farmers were surveyed in the fields, performed in qualitative and quantitative approach, and analyzed in forms of tables and descriptions. Important themes have been discussed in formulating popular policies for peat restoration based on livelihoods of local farmers, among others poor groups; characteristics of farmers from the socio-political aspect; concept of peatland restoration and other lessons-learnt; compatibility of peat-based poverty alleviation; and need to improve policy making. The chronic poor sites tend to overlap with peatland degradation; it is more important to cultivate peatlands to prevent farmers from falling into deeper poverty than to reduce farmers out of poverty, and the intrinsic quality of peatlands and their contents tends to conflict with poverty alleviation goals, but there are some possible trends to minimize peatlands degradation and to alleviate poverty simultaneously. The best approach is to apply the 'win-lose' or 'lose-win' approach, even though we are not able to avoid peatland degradation at a zero level, but at least it can be inhibited. Cooperation between investors and farmers in managing peatlands is needed, so that the peatland resources are not completely degraded.
2018/1 EELC’s review of the year 2017
Authors: Houweling Ruben , Barnard Catherine , Even Zef , Zwanenburg Amber , Petrylaitė Daiva , Hůrka Petr , Lhernould Jean-Philippe , Kovács Erika , Vos Jan-Pieter , Poruban Andrej , Ratti Luca , Bruun Niklas , Maffei Francesca
Published: May 2018

2018/1 EELC’s review of the year 2017

This is the first time we have produced a review of employment law cases from the previous year, based on analysis by various of our academic board members. But before looking at their findings, we would first like to make some general remarks.
Abriendo la «caja negra» del aula de ciencias: un estudio sobre la relación entre las prácticas de enseñanza sobre el cuerpo humano y las capacidades de pensamiento que se promueven en los alumnos de séptimo grado
Authors: Furman Melina , Luzuriaga Mariana , Taylor Inés , Anauati María Victoria , Podestá María Eugenia
Published: June 2018

Comprender los bajos desempeños de los alumnos argentinos en las evaluaciones de ciencias implica abrir la «caja negra» del aula para analizar las prácticas de enseñanza. Se realizó un estudio cuanti-cualitativo en una muestra representativa de 36 cursos de séptimo grado (alumnos de entre 12 y 13 años) de 19 escuelas estatales de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se analizó el tiempo dedicado al área y los tipos de actividades propuestas por los docentes a partir de los cuadernos de clase de los alumnos y se evaluó a todos los estudiantes (574). Observamos que en promedio se dictan 1,75 horas de clase semanales de ciencias, frente a las 4 estipuladas, y que el 81 % de las actividades promueven capacidades de pensamiento de orden inferior. Más tiempo de enseñanza y de actividades de orden superior correlacionan positivamente con el rendimiento de los alumnos en la prueba (r = 0,66 p < 0,05 y r = 0,5 p < 0,05, respectivamente).
CLOUDINESS IN THE POLISH COASTAL ZONE OF THE BALTIC SEA AND CONDITIONS FOR RECREATION
Authors: Koźmiński Czesław , Michalska Bożena
Published: June 2018

Purpose. Determination of size, variability and gradient of cloudiness on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea during the summer half-year and identification of zones with variable suitability for recreation due to cloudiness.

Method. The research is based on daily values of cloudiness in the warm half-year (April-September) recorded on a scale from 0 to 8 octants, obtained from six meteorological stations located on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea during the period 2000–2016. Methods of linear regression were used in the analysis of temporal variations of cumulative monthly deviations in cloudiness for consecutive years from the mean multiannual value. In terms of recreational suitability, days were categorised into four classes according to cloudiness. Three zones of varying conditions for recreation were identified.

Results. The essential characteristic of cloudiness on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea is very high variability from one day to another and the resulting change in the value of solar radiation, which, consequently affects bioclimatic stimuli. Cumulative deviations of monthly cloudiness values from the mean multiannual value show a decrease in cloudiness in April, June and July, and an increase in the remaining months of the warm half-year. It is possible to distinguish three periods regarding increased frequency of clear and moderately clear weather lasting continuously for at least 3 and 5 days on the coastal zone in summer. The Polish coast of the Baltic sea is marked by three zones of varying conditions for recreation due to cloudiness in the summer – moderately favourable, favourable and very favourable.

Research and conclusion limitations. Lack of access to time-specific results of cloudiness measurement.

Practical implications. The results obtained in the course of this research may be used by individuals as well as the organizers of their stays, and for the purpose of characterisation of bioclimatic conditions of the coast.

Originality. In view of the recent climatic changes recorded over the last 30 years, the present research demonstrates the current cloudiness level on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea.

Type of research. Presentation of the results of empirical research.
L’identité francophone albertaine et le regard sur les autres francophonies
Authors: Boily Frédéric , Vachon-Chabot Amy
Published: May 2018

La nature et l’importance des relations qui existent entre les communautés francophones canadiennes et le Québec suscitent fréquemment des controverses et des questionnements identitaires. Par exemple, comment les jeunes francophones et francophiles voient-ils les autres francophonies et comment perçoivent-ils leur propre francophonie à l’intérieur du Canada? Existe-t-il une conscience d’une francophonie de l’Ouest ou les identités francophones provinciales se sont-elles imposées dans la façon de se représenter?

Dans ce texte, nous présenterons les résultats d’une recherche de terrain menée en 2014-2015 qui examine la manière dont les étudiants du Campus Saint-Jean perçoivent la francophonie albertaine dans son rapport avec les autres francophonies de l’Ouest. Il s’agit d’une étude qui, en explorant les perceptions des jeunes francophones et francophiles qui fréquentent cette institution post-secondaire francophone, permet de saisir s’ils se perçoivent comme faisant partie d’un espace francophone albertain ou alors d’une pluralité d’espaces francophones canadiens. Nous verrons alors qu’il existe des perceptions opposées en ce qui concerne la vitalité ainsi que la place de la francophonie albertaine à l’intérieur de la francophonie de l’Ouest.
Vers la reconnaissance de l’engagement des parents anglophones à l’école francophone en Colombie-Britannique
Authors: Levasseur Catherine
Published: May 2018

En milieu francophone minoritaire canadien, l’école a pour mission non seulement d’instruire les élèves mais aussi de les socialiser en tant que futurs membres de la communauté francophone (Gérin-Lajoie, 2004; Landry, Allard et Deveau, 2010; Magnan et Pilote, 2007). Or, cette volonté de protéger et de reproduire un espace francophone fait ressurgir plusieurs questions: à qui s’adresse l’école francophone et quelle place peut-on/doit-on y faire aux parents anglophones?

Dans le contexte vancouvérois, il arrive souvent que des parents d’élèves à l’école francophone ne parlent pas ou peu le français. Alors que certains choisissent de se faire discrets, plusieurs autres décident de s’engager dans la vie scolaire de leurs enfants. Cet engagement peut prendre différentes formes: aide aux devoirs, bénévolat, présence au sein des comités de parents, etc. La présence et l’implication des parents anglophones à l’école francophone suscitent toutefois la controverse et peuvent devenir une source de tension entre le personnel scolaire et les familles.

Ancré dans le champ de la sociolinguistique critique (Heller, 2002), cet article est basé sur les résultats d’une enquête ethnographique menée en milieu scolaire. Il présentera les discours tenus par des parents et des membres du personnel d’une école francophone de la région de Vancouver à propos de l’implication des parents anglophones à l’école. Il y sera question non seulement des défis mais aussi des efforts qui sont faits dans le but de mieux reconnaitre l’implication des parents anglophones envers la mission de l’école francophone en milieu minoritaire.
Forhandlinger af mangfoldighed i danske kommunernes kostpolitikker for dagtilbud
Authors: Warrer Sarah Damgaard , Leer Jonatan
Published: June 2018

Artiklen præsenterer en diskursanalytisk undersøgelse af danske kommuners kostpolitikker. Formålet med studiet er at kortlægge kommunernes forhandling af mangfoldighed og den måltidspædagogiske opgave, hvilket udgør et arbejdsredskab for pædagogerne i kommunale dagtilbud. Studiet er baseret på en Laclauog Mouffe (1985) diskurs analyse. Studiet viser, at der ikke findes en entydig fælles forståelse af mangfoldighed og den måltidspædagogiske opgave i danske kommuner. Kommunernes forskellige tilgange og forhandlinger af den måltidspædagogiske opgave optræder i et kontinuum mellem en nationalkonservativ yderpol og en kosmopolitisk yderpol.
Nøgleord: småbørnspædagogik, kostpolitik, måltid, mangfoldighed
Braiding Designs for Decolonizing Research Methodologies: Theory, Practice, Ethics
Authors: McGregor Heather E , Madden Brooke , Higgins Marc , Ostertag Julia
Published: May 2018

Describing methodological design in decolonizing research as the intersection of theory, practice, and ethics, we share four focused micro-stories from our respective research projects. The metaphor of braiding represents the methodological design process within each of our research stories, significantly influenced by Dwayne Donald’s (2012) Indigenous métissage. Heather grapples with notions of reciprocity, Brooke considers the role of place in the construction of teacher identity, Marc engages with reworking photovoice, and Julia brings relationships with plants into her methodological design. Intentionally interrupting each other and ourselves, we feature the moments and movements of research design that are iterative, recursive, messy, and sometimes stuck, in contrast to the linear, untainted and dogmatic methodologies that assert themselves around us. Meanings and relationships may be produced in braiding our micro-stories together, exceeding what might be possible if they were presented separately. Readers may be invited into imagining the design of decolonizing methodologies beyond those we enacted.
Current knowledge on bioacoustics of the subfamily Lophyohylinae (Hylidae, Anura) and description of Ocellated treefrogItapotihyla langsdorffiivocalizations
Authors: Forti Lucas Rodriguez , Foratto Roseli Maria , Márquez Rafael , Pereira Vânia Rosa , Toledo Luís Felipe
Published: May 2018

Background

Anuran vocalizations, such as advertisement and release calls, are informative for taxonomy because species recognition can be based on those signals. Thus, a proper acoustic description of the calls may support taxonomic decisions and may contribute to knowledge about amphibian phylogeny.

Methods

Here we present a perspective on advertisement call descriptions of the frog subfamily Lophyohylinae, through a literature review and a spatial analysis presenting bioacoustic coldspots (sites with high diversity of species lacking advertisement call descriptions) for this taxonomic group. Additionally, we describe the advertisement and release calls of the still poorly known treefrog,Itapotihyla langsdorffii. We analyzed recordings of six males using the software Raven Pro 1.4 and calculated the coefficient of variation for classifying static and dynamic acoustic properties.

Results and Discussion

We found that more than half of the species within the subfamily do not have their vocalizations described yet. Most of these species are distributed in the western and northern Amazon, where recording sampling effort should be strengthened in order to fill these gaps. The advertisement call ofI. langsdorffiiis composed of 3–18 short unpulsed notes (mean of 13 ms long), presents harmonic structure, and has a peak dominant frequency of about 1.4 kHz. This call usually presents amplitude modulation, with decreasing intensity along the sequence of notes. The release call is a simple unpulsed note with an average duration of 9 ms, and peak dominant frequency around 1.8 kHz. Temporal properties presented higher variations than spectral properties at both intra- and inter-individual levels. However, only peak dominant frequency was static at intra-individual level. High variability in temporal properties and lower variations related to spectral ones is usual for anurans; The first set of variables is determined by social environment or temperature, while the second is usually related to species-recognition process. Here we review and expand the acoustic knowledge of the subfamily Lophyohylinae, highlighting areas and species for future research.
Bullying victimization and child sexual abuse among left-behind and non-left-behind children in China
Authors: Yan Li , Zhu Qianqian , Tu Xiaowen , Zuo Xiayun , Yu Chunyan , Lou Chaohua , Lian Qiguo
Published: June 2018

Background

Bullying is one of the most important factors associated with child abuse. However, robust tests supporting the assumption that being bullied can contribute to child sexual abuse (CSA) among left-behind children (LBC) remain sparse. This study aims to investigate the association of bullying victimization with CSA among LBC in China.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in six middle schools of Sichuan and Anhui province in 2015. The bullying victimization was assessed by seven items from the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. The experience of CSA was measured by ten items CSA scale with good consistency.

Results

A total of 1,030 children met the sampling criteria, including 284 LBC and 746 non-LBC. The prevalence of CSA was 22.89% in LBC and 20.19% in non-LBC (p > 0.05). Bullying victimization was related to CSA among both LBC (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.52, 95% CI [1.34–4.73]) and non-LBC (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.58–3.53]). The association between bullying victimization and CSA was much higher among left-behind girls (left-behind girls: aOR = 7.36, 95% CI [2.16–24.99]; non-left-behind girls: aOR = 2.38, 95% CI [1.08–5.27]). Also, LBC of a young age (11–15), children with siblings, living in rural areas and non-traditional family structure who were bullied were more likely to suffer CSA than their non-LBC peers.

Conclusions

Bullying victimization is associated with a significant increase in CSA among both LBC and non-LBC. Anti-bullying programs should target vulnerable populations including female LBC and LBC with siblings to reduce the risk of CSA.
Factors influencing the willingness to participate in medical research: a nationwide survey in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Hung-En , Li Ming-Chieh
Published: May 2018

Background

Participation rate is one of the main challenges medical researchers face. We examined how demographic background and trust in medical research affect the willingness of people to participate in medical research in Taiwan.

Methods

Data from the 2011 Taiwan Genomic Survey (a nationwide representative face-to-face survey) were analyzed. The survey included a vignette of a researcher conducting a clinical trial of an investigative medicinal product, and questions for interviewees regarding their willingness to participate in research after they were informed of the scenario description. A total of 3,159 people, aged 18 to 70 years, were sampled, and 1,538 of them completed the survey. With missing data excluded, a total of 1,389 respondents were included in the final analysis.

Results

About 12 percent of the respondents answered that they would be willing to participate in medical research. Respondents who had college degrees or above and were married or lived with significant others were less likely to participate in medical research. By contrast, male respondents, and respondents whose household family members had biomedicine-related degrees or had one themselves were more likely to participate in medical research. After adjustment for demographic factors, respondents were more likely to participate in medical research if: (1) they expressed trust in doctors conducting medical research; (2) they agreed that doctors would never ask them to join medical research studies that might harm them; (3) they thought that participating in a medical research study would be safe; and (4) they agreed that researchers had no selfish reasons for doing the medical research.

Discussion

Some of our findings, such as the effects of education level and marital status on participation in medical research, are different from most findings of previous studies conducted in other countries. This study is useful for developing strategies to improve participant recruitment. Relevant discussions on research ethics and policies, such as the importance of public trust in medical researchers, could also be based on this study.
Shelf life prediction and Bacterial flora for the fresh and lightly salted Pseudosciaena crocea stored at different temperatures
Authors: Lumin Guo Quanyou, , Baoguo Li , Chaojun Jiang
Published: May 2018

The active dominant spoilage organisms in the farmed Pseudosciaena crocea would cause short shelf life. This study focused on an identification of spoilage bacteria and the development of predictive model of shelf life in Pseudosciaena crocea both fresh and lightly salted during the storage at low, ambient and fluctuating temperature conditions. Microbiological, chemical changes in Pseudosciaena crocea were assessed to ensure the shelf life; Phenotypic and 16S rRNA were used to identified dominated strains from different conditions. Shelf life, remaining shelf life were predicted by predictive models including exponential, school-field and Square-root equation. The results showed that Shewanella spp. was the dominant organism at low temperature, while Vibrio spp. and Enterobacter were the dominant organisms at ambient and fluctuating temperatures.While the Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio alginolytica and serratia were the dominant group at low, ambient and fluctuating environment of the lightly salted Pseudosciaena crocea .The shelf-life of fresh Pseudosciaena crocea were 5.4 ~ 17.8 days, 1.1days and 4.6~9.3 days under low, ambient and fluctuating temperature; while the shelf life of lightly salted Pseudosciaena crocea were 12.2~49.1days, 4.2day and 20.5~23.5 days under low, ambient and fluctuating temperature. The evaluation index showed that School-field model and Exponential model in fresh fish were better, Exponential model was better to predict the shelf life in lightly salted fish. The results can facilitated the establishment of spoilage bacterial Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point during the processing of the Pseudosciaena crocea products.
Price transmission in regional beef markets: Australia, China and Southeast Asia
Authors: Dong Xiaoxia , Waldron Scott , Zhang Colin Brown, Jing
Published: May 2018

With increasing trade volumes in the Asian region, it could be expected that beef markets are becoming increasingly integrated. Major beef exporters or importers can be expected to lead others, but others can be separated by obstacles to trade or small trade volumes. This paper examines price transmission between the key regional beef markets of Australia, China, Indonesia and Vietnam. It draws on quarterly price data from 2005 to 2015 and methods including co-integration analysis, granger causality test, and vector error correction model and impulse response function. The results show that log-run equilibrium relationships exist in two of the trading relationships, where the beef price in Indonesia is affected by the Australian market while the beef price in Vietnam is impacted by the Chinese market. However, Australia and China’s beef prices are not impacted by Indonesian or Vietnamese prices. Reasons behind these price inter-relationships are discussed.
Influence of feeding on some physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of camel milk (Camelus dromadarius)
Authors: Cherifa BENMOHAMED , Oumelkheir SIBOUKEUR , Amar EDOUD
Published: May 2018

Composition of camel milk changes according to the type of farming systems; (i) the traditional system based on the consumption of grassland natural plants and (ii) the “modern” system with feeding based on barley and alfalfa. Among components, we did not reveal any significant effect of farming system on either:  pH, density, Dornic acidity, total dry extract, fat-free dry matter content, ash content, total protein content and fat content. However, a significant effect (P <0.05) on the vitamin C content was observed. The concentration being higher in the milk from camels in extensive system than in semi-intensive system. Although the diameter of the fat globules was comparable in both cases, a better dispersion was registered in the milk from the camels in the extensive system. If no difference occurred on the global fatty acid profile (proportion of short/medium/long chain fatty acids), lauric acid (C12: 0) and two fatty acids with 2n + 1 carbon atoms (C15: 0 and C17: 0) were present only in the lipids of milk from camels exclusively fed with Saharan rangelands plants. These results suggested that feeding would have consequences on the characteristics inherent in camel milk and partly responsible for its properties.
The Impact of Hydrogen Peroxide as An Oxidant for Solvent-free Liquid Phase Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol using Au-Pd Supported Carbon and Titanium Catalysts
Authors: Sanaa Tareq Sarhan , Saiman Mohd. Izham , Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Rashid Umer
Published: June 2018

The solvent free oxidation of benzyl alcohol was conducted employing Au and Pd supported catalysts, while utilizing hydrogen peroxide 35% (H2O2) as the oxidant, H2O2 is  very cheap, mild, and an environment friendly reagent, which produced water as the only by-product. Various proportions of Au-Pd catalysts on carbon and titanium oxide activated as supports were synthesized through the use of sol immobilization catalyst synthesis technique. Characterization of the synthesized catalysts was performed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was found that the synthesized Au-Pd/ activated carbon catalyst was  beneficial for the solvent free oxidation of benzyl alcohol after its containing high surface area measuring 871 m2g-1. Analysis of the TEM data and particle dimension revealed smaller and narrower particle size of 1 wt%. Thus, the distribution of Au-Pd/C was attained. Carbon-supported bimetallic catalysts presented a higher conversion compared to catalysts that are supported titanium oxide (TiO2) for for the oxidation reaction of benzyl alcohol. It was determined that this technique was a suitable process for catalyst synthesis with high selectivity, same distribution of the particle size and activations.
Structural Investigation: Anionic Polymerization of Acrylamide under Microwave Irradiation using Maghnite-Na+ Clay (Algerien MMT) as Initiator
Authors: Rahmouni Abdelkader , Belbachir Mohammed , Ayat Molkheir
Published: June 2018

Intercalation of acrylamide into interlayer spaces of natural  montmorillonite called maghnite (Algerian MMT) by the free solvent polymerization technique under micowave irradiation was studied. The transformation was carried out with using both the raw (Maghnite-Na fin) and treated clay (Maghnite-Na+ fin) in aqueous sodium hydroxide NaOH solution (1 M). It was shown that no initial modification of the layered mineral (by ion-exchange with Na+ cations or organophilization) is needed for the successful introduction of anionic hydrogels into the interlayer gallery. The goal of the present study was to synthesis anionic polyacrylamide/Maghnite composite with similar composition and structure to that synthesized of other catalyst. The Maghnite catalyst has a significant role in the industrial scale. In fact, the use of Maghnite is preferred for its many advantages: a very low purchase price compared to other catalysts, the easy removal of the reaction mixture. The anionic sodium-clay polyacrylamide material exhibited a tendency to the formation of exfoliated structure. The synthesized hydrogels, as monitored by the swelling behavior, were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1HNMR analysis.
Electrochemical Study of Copper Ferrite as a Catalyst for CO2 Photoelectrochemical Reduction
Authors: Karim Kaykobad Md. Rezaul , Ong Huei Ruey , Abdullah Hamidah , Yousuf Abu , Cheng Chin Kui , Khan Mohd. Maksudur Rahman
Published: June 2018

In this work, p-type CuFe2O4 was synthesized by sol gel method. The prepared CuFe2O4 was used as photocathode catalyst for photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 reduction. The XRD, UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Mott-Schottky (MS) experiments were done to characterize the catalyst. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was employed to evaluate the visible light (λ>400 nm) effect of this catalyst for CO2 reduction.  The band gap energy of the catalyst was calculated from the UV-Vis and was found 1.30 eV. Flat band potential of the prepared CuFe2O4 was also calculated and found 0.27 V versus Ag/AgCl. Under light irradiation in the CO2-saturated NaHCO3 solution, a remarkable current development associated with CO2 reduction was found during LSV for the prepared electrode from onset potential -0.89 V with a peak current emerged at -1.01 V (vs Ag/AgCl) representing the occurrence of CO2 reduction reaction. In addition, the mechanism of PEC was proposed for the photocathode where the necessity of a bias potential in the range of 0.27 to ~ -1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl was identified which could effectively inhibit the electron-hole (e-/h+) recombination process leading to an enhancement of CO2 reduction reactions.
Separation of Arylenevinylene Macrocycles with a Surface‐Confined Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Liu Chunhua , Park Eunsol , Jin Yinghua , Liu Jie , Yu Yanxia , Zhang Wei , Lei Shengbin , Hu Wenping
Published: May 2018

A two‐dimensional surface covalent organic framework, prepared by a surface‐confined synthesis using 4,4′‐azodianiline and benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde as the precursors, was used as a host network to effectively immobilize arylenevinylene macrocycles (AVMs). Thus AVMs could be separated from their linear polymer analogues, which are the common side‐products in the cyclooligomerization process. Scanning tunneling microscopy investigations revealed efficient removal of linear polymers by a simple surface binding and solvent washing process.
Changes in Corn Protein Content During Storage and Their Relationship with Dry Grind Ethanol Production
Authors: Ramchandran Divya , Hojilla‐Evangelista Mila P. , Moose Stephen P. , Rausch Kent D. , Tumbleson Mike E. , Singh Vijay
Published: May 2018

Changes in corn grain during storage can cause variations in dry grind ethanol yields. The first objective of this study was to determine the effects of postharvest storage on dry grind ethanol concentrations. Ethanol concentrations for corn stored under ambient and refrigerated conditions were measured every 4 weeks for 1 year. Ethanol concentrations had a decreasing trend for corn stored from 0 to 16 weeks and an increasing trend from week 16 to 24. These trends were similar for corn stored at refrigerated and ambient conditions. The effects of postharvest storage on soluble protein content and their relationship with ethanol concentration were also evaluated. Stored corn was sampled at weeks 0, 8, 16, 24, and 40. Soluble proteins were extracted using a sequential extraction procedure and expressed with respect to the total crude protein of corn, and the total values were not affected by storage temperature (ranging from −7 to 23°C). During 8 to 40 week storage at ambient and refrigerated temperature, the albumin content of corn decreased by 43.6% and 48.5% while the prolamin content increased by 37.9% and 43.0%, respectively. Ethanol yield at 72 hours of fermentation had no correlation with soluble protein content; however, ethanol yield at 24 hours correlated negatively with glutelin (r = −0.76) and positively with prolamin (r = +0.74) contents.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Cricoid Pressure Training and Education Efficacy
Authors: Beckford Lorna , Holly Cheryl , Kirkley Ronell
Published: May 2018

We examined the evidence on the effectiveness of education and training on cricoid pressure (ie, Sellick maneuver) application. Cricoid pressure is used during rapid sequence induction and intubation to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. We searched seven databases for studies on the education and training of health care personnel expected to apply cricoid pressure as a part of their regular clinical responsibilities. We appraised the included studies using standardized tools validated for this purpose and we performed a meta‐analysis of the eight eligible studies. The success rate for intubation increased after training according to the random effect model (95% CI = 0.157 to 0.452). Fisher's method combined probability test rejected the null hypothesis for patients (P = 4.93e‐6), indicating that the application of cricoid pressure significantly improved after educational interventions. Regularly scheduled training in the application of cricoid pressure could sustain health care personnel's ability to apply effective cricoid pressure.
Sediment organic carbon integrates changing environmental conditions to predict benthic assemblages in shallow Arctic seas
Authors: Lovvorn James R. , North Christopher A. , Grebmeier Jacqueline M. , Cooper Lee W. , Kolts Jason M.
Published: May 2018

In marine spatial planning, conserving adequate habitats and the food webs they support requires delineating habitats and projecting future trends. For bottom‐feeding marine birds and mammals, repeated benthic sampling over large areas to document changes and to develop predictive models of prey dispersion is quite costly. More easily monitored variables that relate strongly to the biomass and structure of benthic assemblages, and are more readily predicted from physical models of climate change, would facilitate planning efforts.

The organic carbon (OC) content of sediments integrates diverse physical and biotic processes, and can be less variable over time than primary production, salinity, temperature, or position of water masses. Sediment OC further subsumes inputs at the base of food webs that can limit carbon flows to higher taxa.

For the northern Bering Sea, this study explored the utility of sediment OC as a predictor of benthic assemblage types. Cluster analysis and multi‐dimensional scaling distinguished three main types along a gradient of sediment OC.

The assemblage for highest sediment OC had a much greater biomass of brittlestars, diverse marine worms, and two mid‐sized, thinner‐shelled bivalves selected as prey by diving sea ducks. The assemblage for lowest sediment OC lacked brittlestars, had a much greater biomass of amphipods sought by gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), and had a much higher biomass of two often larger or thicker‐shelled bivalves commonly targeted by walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). Areas of exceptionally low sediment OC tended towards dominance by sand dollars with low foraging value.

Our study shows that sediment OC has promise as a proxy for monitoring and predicting changes in important prey assemblages in a given region. Models that link predicted hydrographic patterns to lateral advection of phytodetritus, and the resulting sediment OC, may further allow the use of physical climate models to project the future dispersion of benthic habitats for endothermic predators.
Influence of intertidal seascape on the functional structure of fish assemblages: Implications for habitat conservation in estuarine ecosystems
Authors: Teichert Nils , Carassou Laure , Sahraoui Yohan , Lobry Jérémy , Lepage Mario
Published: May 2018

Habitat loss and fragmentation remain major threats in estuaries, particularly with respect to the erosion of intertidal areas that provide shelter and food resources for numerous fish species. Improving our understanding of the fauna–intertidal seascape relationship is thus of critical importance. Here, the seascapes of 24 tidal estuaries were compared at multiple spatial scales (from estuary to local) to determine how the spatial structure of intertidal patches affects the abundance of several fish functional groups.

For the majority of fish groups, our results support the statement that a large intertidal area can support high fish abundance at both of the studied scales; however, the spatial distribution of patches within estuaries, and especially the presence of large intertidal patches close to the estuary mouth, appeared to be an important feature for both marine and estuarine‐resident fish.

It was also shown that habitat fragmentation at the estuary scale is associated with a decline in the abundance of several fish groups, probably as a result of reduced intertidal suitability and accessibility. At the local scale, the area of intertidal–subtidal interface was positively related to fish densities, emphasizing the importance of fish having permanently flooded refuges close to feeding grounds.

This study provides essential insights to guide conservation and restoration actions for intertidal areas at both estuary and local scales (10–100 m2), by stressing differences in species sensitivity to seascape modification.
Robust Trajectory‐Tracking Control of a PVTOL under Crosswind
Authors: Aguilar‐Ibanez Carlos , Sira‐Ramirez Hebertt , Suarez‐Castanon Miguel S. , Garrido Ruben
Published: May 2018

This work proposes a robust controller to solve the trajectory‐tracking control problem of planar vertical take‐off and landing (PVTOL) aircraft under crosswind. The controller combines input–output feedback linearization and active disturbance rejection control techniques. The former linearizes the PVTOL dynamics and the latter actively estimates and compensates for the crosswind effects. Numerical simulations assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A new method for extracting seismic indices and granulation parameters: Results for more than 20,000 CoRoT andKeplerred giants
Authors: de Assis Peralta R. , Samadi R. , Michel E.
Published: May 2018

We have developed a new automated method intended to perform the simultaneous—and thus more consistent—measurement of both the seismic indices characterizing the oscillations and the parameters characterizing the granulation signature of red giant stars. This method, called MLEUP, takes advantage of the Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) algorithm combined with the parameterized representation of red giant pulsation spectra following the universal pattern (UP). Its performances have been tested on Monte Carlo simulations for observation conditions representative of CoRoT andKeplerdata. These simulations allowed us to determine, calibrate, and propose corrections for the biases on the parameter estimates as well as on the error estimates produced with MLEUP. Finally, we applied MLEUP to CoRoT andKeplerdata. In total, MLEUP yields seismic indices for 20,122 red giant stars and granulation parameters for 17,109 of them. These data have been made available in the stellar seismic indices database (http://ssi.lesia.obspm.fr/).
Protecting Northwest Arkansas' Drinking Water Through the USDA Regional Conservation Partnership Program
Authors: Formica Sandi J. , Morgan Robert , Pennington John , McCarty James , Van Eps Matt
Published: May 2018

An initiative with multiple partners and components has been funded in part by the US Department of Agriculture to improve an Arkansas watershed and protect a key water supply.
Water and Electric AMI Differences: What Water Utility Leaders Need to Know
Authors: Brueck Terrance M. , Williams Claude , Varner Jon , Tirakian Ed
Published: May 2018

Water utilities considering advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) will find parallels with electric utilities using AMI, but it is important to understand the numerous differences as well.
Governance Systems and Municipal Governing—One City's Experience
Authors: Lewis Rob
Published: May 2018

Rob Lewis currently serves as program coordinator with the City of Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. He has a diploma in theology from Vanguard College, Edmonton, Alberta, and is certified in Policy Governance proficiency. In this article, he looks at the unique challenges and solutions related to implementing Policy Governance in a municipal council environment in Red Deer. It gives the history of the city's municipal governance and talks about why it looked to do something different, why it landed on Policy Governance, and the results the city has seen thus far.
Ruling may impact negligence liability for violence involving students
Authors: Rooksby Jacob H.
Published: May 2018

The California Supreme Court issued a major decision in late March involving a public university's potential negligence liability for student‐on‐student injuries imparted during curricular activities.
Expect courts to set national policy on web accessibility
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: May 2018

What obligations do schools have to make public‐facing noncurricular websites with audio or visual content, including third‐party content provided to the public at no cost, accessible?
Was a coach's failure to report an alleged rape actionable under Title IX?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: May 2018

Lauren Kesterson enrolled at Kent State University in 2012 as a scholarship player on the women's softball team. Karen Linder was the head coach.
Distribution and role of high‐risk human papillomavirus genotypes in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective analysis from Wenzhou, southeast China
Authors: Wang Yuli , Xue Jisen , Dai Xinyue , Chen Lulu , Li Junli , Wu Yancheng , Hu Yan
Published: May 2018

To add the growing literature on baseline of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) before the widespread using of HPV vaccines in Chinese mainland and to improve risk stratification of HR‐HPV–positive women. Retrospectively, the data of age, cervical HPV genotypes, cytology, and pathology were collected from 1166 patients who received loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). HPV genotypes were analyzed with Flowcytometry Fluorescence Hybridization Method. And then HPV prevalence, HR‐HPV genotype distribution and the correlation of HR‐HPV genotypes with CIN2+ (CIN2 or severer) were analyzed. The role of multiple HR‐HPV types infection with or without HPV16/18 in the pathogenesis of CIN2+ was also analyzed. The 6 most common HR‐HPV genotypes were HPV16, 58, 52, 33, 18, and 31 in descending order. Compared to HR‐HPV–negative women, HPV16, 33 or 58 positive women had higher risk of CIN2+ (OR = 5.10, 95% CI = 2.68‐9.70; OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.39‐6.84; OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.85‐6.89, respectively). And women who were infected by multiple HR‐HPV types infection with HPV16/18 also had higher risk of CIN2+ (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.35‐4.92). However, multiple HR‐HPV types infection without HPV16/18 did not increase the risk significantly (P = .08). Compare to bivalent Cervarix® and quadrivalent Gardasil®, HPV prophylactic vaccine targeting HPV31, 33, 52, and 58 might provide women more protection from HPV‐induced cervical cancer in China. The women who infected by HPV16, 33, 58, or multiple HR‐HPV types with HPV16/18 have higher risk of CIN2+ and need to be paid more attention in screening processes. And the role of multiple HR‐HPV types infection without HPV16/18 needs be further identified in more studies.