bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating priority strategies for decarbonising offshore wind turbine blades through lifecycle assessment
Authors: Pender Kyle , Romoli Filippo , Bacharoudis Konstantinos , Greaves Peter , Fuller Jonathan
Published: November 2024

While offshore wind is at the early stage of expansion, global capacity is expected to increase rapidly, reaching 330 GW by 2031. This work uses lifecycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the opportunity for offshore wind energy decarbonisation through wind blade sustainable developments. The findings from the LCA are used to give informed recommendations towards priority areas of development across the blade lifecycle, that are critical to accelerate the sector’s transition towards net-zero targets. The production of raw materials was found to be the largest contributor to cradle-to-gave global warming potential (GWP). The sector should prioritise the utilisation of more sustainable materials, with an emphasis on the decarbonisation of carbon fibre production. Waste produced during blade manufacturing alone accounts for 10% of the blade’s GWP; therefore, increasing the material efficiency in this phase of the lifecycle is a significant opportunity for blade decarbonisation and should be a focus for the sector going forward. O&M was found to be the second largest contributor to GWP, with full decarbonisation of O&M practices potentially realising an 8% reduction in GWP. A range of alterative blade material scenarios were analysed, finding that recyclable resin systems have the greatest potential to decarbonise offshore blades. There are currently no commercial recycling operations for these resins therefore scale up of the recycling technologies is needed before they can be recycled in practice. Additionally, the development of low impact, economically viable circular solutions for legacy blade waste must be an immediate priority for the wind energy sector, given the anticipated exponential growth in global wind turbine blade waste generation.

Graphical abstract
Upscaling the contribution of crab burrows to mangrove ecosystem functioning in French Guiana (South America)
Authors: Michaud Emma , Aschenbroich Adelaide , Stieglitz Thomas , Brunier Guillaume , Aller Robert Curwood , Anthony Edward , Fromard François , Thouzeau Gérard
Published: November 2024

Burrow characteristics and bioturbation activities of benthic organisms play a key role in mangrove ecosystem biogeochemical and sedimentary functioning. In this study, we aimed to understand how small-scale topographic variations in a mud bank might influence burrow morphology and distribution in a French Guiana pioneer mangrove system (Sinnamary estuary), and to upscale spatial patterns using remote sensing. We used burrow resin casting and sediment conductivity measurements to depict subsurface 3D burrow structures. We found that the spatial heterogeneity of burrow sizes (small, medium, large) and morphologies (simple I- and J-shape, complex geometries) depended on the geomorphic units within mudflats (platform, channel, depression). The aperture areas of burrow casts were used to predict the volume and complexity of each burrow type, enabling us to use drone-derived burrow opening distribution maps to calculate burrow volumes and complexity at the mudflat scale. There are clear associations between tidal channels and depressions and voluminous, multi-aperture, complex and multi-species burrows. In contrast, simple I- and J-shaped burrows inhabited by single species were mainly found on platforms. These relationships lead to a comparatively large volume of tidal-irrigated and deeply aerated sediments connected to channels and depressions compared to platform areas. We suggest that, depending on their morphology and connectivity with the topography, burrows may exhibit differences in biogeochemical functioning depending on the geomorphic unit. We warn against generalizing the functioning of mangrove ecosystems across geomorphic units where impacts may differ. Further studies are needed to understand how different burrow morphologies and life cycles may alter hydrological, sedimentary and biogeochemical functioning.
Readability of online government information about welfare rights and benefits: the Israeli case
Authors: Elek-BenMoshe Frida , Rafaeli Sheizaf
Published: November 2024

This study examines the readability of government information about social benefits and rights concerning citizens’ engagement. Such information is often obscured and hard to find and, therefore, sometimes less accessible to those who mostly need it. How will readability characteristics affect engagement measures as attesting to information comprehension? This article addresses this question by analyzing year-long usage data records of an Israeli national rights website. We tested readability components to determine how they perform, and whether they affect engagement measures as evidence of comprehension. Analysis using the classic Flesch-Kincaid readability formula shows that most texts on the website are suitable for the college level. Furthermore, as the information was less readable, people spent more time on the page, and there was less bounce rate. Conversely, we found a positive correlation between exit percentage and readability measures. The results raise questions about the Flesch-Kincaid formula and the engagement measures’ relevance to information about benefits and rights, and highlight the need for a Hebrew-adapted readability formula. Further research directions are suggested.
Tumor-immune hybrid cells evade the immune response and potentiate colorectal cancer metastasis through CTLA4
Authors: Tanjak Pariyada , Chaiboonchoe Amphun , Suwatthanarak Thanawat , Thanormjit Kullanist , Acharayothin Onchira , Chanthercrob Jantappapa , Parakonthun Thammawat , Methasate Asada , Fischer Jared M. , Wong Melissa H. , Chinswangwatanakul Vitoon
Published: November 2024

Understanding the metastatic cascade is critical for the treatment and prevention of cancer-related death. Within a tumor, immune cells have the capacity to fuse with tumor cells to generate tumor-immune hybrid cells (THCs). THCs are hypothesized to be a subset of cancer cells with the capacity to enter circulation as circulating hybrid cells (CHC) and seed metastases. To understand the mechanism of THC metastasis, we investigated CHCs in peripheral blood from patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as THCs in tissues of primary colorectal cancers and their liver metastasis sites using immunofluorescence, spatial proteomic, spatial transcriptomic, molecular classification, and molecular pathway analyses. Our findings indicated a high prevalence of CHCs and THCs in patients with stage IV CRC. THCs expressed CTLA4 in primary CRC lesions and correlated with upregulation of CD68, CD4, and HLA-DR in metastatic liver lesions, which is found in the consensus molecular subtype (CMS) 1 of primary CRC tissue. Pathway analysis of these genes suggested that THCs are associated with neutrophils due to upregulation of neutrophil extracellular trap signaling (NET) and neutrophil degranulation pathways. These data provide molecular pathways for the formation of THCs suggesting fusion with neutrophils, which may facilitate extravasation and metastatic seeding.
Grazing for dollars: responsible investing for healthy and sustainable animal agriculture in Australia
Authors: Sievert Katherine , Carey Rachel , Parker Christine , Robinson Ella , Sacks Gary
Published: November 2024

Investments by the global finance sector contribute to industrial-scale agriculture along with its harmful environmental impacts, making their actions significant in supporting or opposing sustainable food systems transformation. Previous research has shown that institutional investors identify animal agriculture as an important consideration with respect to environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues regarding sustainable food systems. This study aimed to explore ways in which so-called ‘responsible’ investors in Australia consider risks related to animal agriculture, and whether existing ESG metrics are ‘fit-for-purpose’ for assessing issues related to sustainable animal agriculture. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with responsible investors and relevant non-government organisations (NGOs) in Australia. We found that the responsible investment sector lacked mechanisms to recognise the inter-connections between animal agriculture and multiple environmental and social outcomes. Furthermore, we found that investors largely focused on ‘techno’ solutions to the impacts of animal agriculture, such as alternative proteins, through a ‘single issue’ lens. They rarely made connections to other relevant ‘food systems’ issues, such as health. We conclude that holistic approaches are needed to monitor and assess the impacts of animal agriculture in the investment sector and suggest that integrated ‘food systems’ metrics will be necessary to inform these approaches.
Meta-analysis of spatial genetic patterns among European saproxylic beetles
Authors: Krovi Rama Sarvani , Amer Nermeen R. , Oczkowicz Maria , Kajtoch Łukasz
Published: November 2024

The phylogeography of many forest-dwelling species in Europe is well understood. However, our knowledge regarding the genetics of saproxylic beetles remains insufficient. This knowledge gap extends to understanding the influence of both quaternary history and contemporary forest dynamics on population genetics. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature concerning saproxylic beetle taxa with available genetic data. We include both threatened and common species in our study, which enabled us to generalize our findings to the whole saproxylic community. Results suggest a latitudinal decrease in diversity in most species, likely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and subsequent population expansions from southern refugia. Additionally, we observed an east–west gradient in diversity, with threatened species exhibiting higher diversity towards the east. This may reflect historical forest dynamics and anthropogenic pressures, such as heavy wood logging in Western Europe. Similarly, we found a pattern along altitude, with populations in higher elevation forests, which are often more natural, exhibiting higher diversity. Furthermore, we identified distinct phylogenetic units or genetic clusters in southern Europe reflecting the distribution of glacial refugia. For some taxa, distinct units were also reported in eastern Europe where populations spread from Asian refugia. Central Europe showed a high number of phylogenetic units, although unique (private) clades or clusters were absent. Most likely it is an effect of the presence of beetles that originated from various refugia belonging to different phylogenetic units.

This study brings insights into general phylogeographic patterns, which have previously been examined only for single representatives of saproxylic beetles. It should also help in the proper planning of conservation and management efforts for wood-dwelling beetles.
Regional differences in soil stable isotopes and vibrational features at depth in three California grasslands
Authors: Wahab L. M. , Chacon S. S. , Kim S. L. , Berhe A. A.
Published: November 2024

There are major gaps in our understanding of how Mediterranean ecosystems will respond to anticipated changes in precipitation. In particular, limited data exists on the response of deep soil carbon dynamics to changes in climate. In this study we wanted to examine carbon and nitrogen dynamics between topsoils and subsoils along a precipitation gradient of California grasslands. We focused on organic matter composition across three California grassland sites, from a dry and hot regime (~ 300 mm precipitation; MAT: 14.6 $$\boldsymbol{^\circ{\text{C}} }$$

∘

C

) to a wet, cool regime (~ 2160 mm precipitation/year; MAT: 11.7 $$\boldsymbol{^\circ{\text{C}} }$$

∘

C

). We determined changes in total elemental concentrations of soil carbon and nitrogen, stable isotope composition (δ13C, δ15N), and composition of soil organic matter (SOM) as measured through Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transformed Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to 1 m soil depth. We measured carbon persistence in soil organic matter (SOM) based on beta ($${\varvec{\beta}}$$

β

), a parameter based on the slope of carbon isotope composition across depth and proxy for turnover. Further, we examined the relationship between δ15N and C:N values to infer SOM’s degree of microbial processing. As expected, we measured the greatest carbon stock at the surface of our wettest site, but carbon stocks in subsoils converged at Angelo and Sedgwick, the wettest and driest sites, respectively. Soils at depth (> 30 cm) at the wettest site, Angelo, had the lowest C:N and highest δ15N values with the greatest proportion of simple plant-derived organic matter according to DRIFTS. These results suggest differing stabilization mechanisms of organic matter at depth across our study sites. We infer that the greatest stability was conferred by associations with reactive minerals at depth in our wettest site. In contrast, organic matter at our driest site, Sedgwick, was subject to the most microbial processing. Results from this study demonstrate that precipitation patterns have important implications for deep soil carbon storage, composition, and stability.
Flood-induced mobility in rural and urban coastal jurisdictions: a homeowner’s perspective
Authors: Bukvic A. , Zobel C. W.
Published: November 2024

Coastal flooding often exceeds homeowners’ capacity to cope with repetitive damages and profoundly disrupts their livelihoods. Permanent relocation has been proposed as a solution for some coastal areas experiencing recurrent flooding and anticipating acceleration of impacts. However, it is unclear if homeowners living in such areas would support this strategy, where they would choose to go, and why. This study evaluates the willingness to relocate and the reasoning behind it among rural and urban homeowners residing in coastal high-risk areas. The rural versus urban comparison explores how attitudes toward relocation differ between these settings with distinct sociodemographic, economic, and cultural profiles. A mail survey administered on the Eastern Shore, Maryland, and in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, Virginia, measured how willingness to relocate differs across the socioeconomic spectrum, prior flood exposure, concerns with flood impacts, and preferences for relocation destination. The survey responses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that more than one-third of respondents would consider relocating. The willingness to relocate was marginally influenced by socioeconomic factors and flood experiences and instead was significantly correlated with the risk of disastrous flooding, inadequate insurance compensation, and worsening crime. However, data show a clear shift in relocation support and the distance of the preferred destination from minor to significant flooding. Rural respondents are slightly less likely to relocate than urban ones. Descriptive statistics indicate nuanced differences in flood experiences, reasons to relocate, and preferences for a new destination between rural and urban populations.
Effective Human Oversight of AI-Based Systems: A Signal Detection Perspective on the Detection of Inaccurate and Unfair Outputs
Authors: Langer Markus , Baum Kevin , Schlicker Nadine
Published: November 2024

Legislation and ethical guidelines around the globe call for effective human oversight of AI-based systems in high-risk contexts – that is oversight that reliably reduces the risks otherwise associated with the use of AI-based systems. Such risks may relate to the imperfect accuracy of systems (e.g., inaccurate classifications) or to ethical concerns (e.g., unfairness of outputs). Given the significant role that human oversight is expected to play in the operation of AI-based systems, it is crucial to better understand the conditions for effective human oversight. We argue that the reliable detection of errors (as an umbrella term for inaccuracies and unfairness) is crucial for effective human oversight. We then propose that Signal Detection Theory (SDT) offers a promising framework for better understanding what affects people’s sensitivity (i.e., how well they are able to detect errors) and response bias (i.e., the tendency to report errors given a perceived evidence of an error) in detecting errors. Whereas an SDT perspective on the detection of inaccuracies is straightforward, we demonstrate its broader applicability by detailing the specifics for an SDT perspective on unfairness detection, including the need to choose a standard for (un)fairness. Additionally, we illustrate that an SDT perspective helps to better understand the conditions for effective error detection by showing examples of task-, system-, and person-related factors that may affect the sensitivity and response bias of humans tasked with detecting unfairness associated with the use of AI-based systems. Finally, we discuss future research directions for an SDT perspective on error detection.
From Adam Smith to artificial intelligence: an experimental exploration of emotion in humanomics
Authors: Qin Xiangdong , Wang Siyu , Wu Mike Zhiren , Feng Xuechun
Published: November 2024

This study examines whether individuals can effectively express their emotions or “fellow feelings” to a machine, an impartial observer, or individuals who have caused them harm, and the effects of these emotional expressions on behavior. Our findings indicate that the impartial observer is the most preferred outlet for emotional expression, with neither the machine nor the offending party being able to adequately fulfill this role. Negative emotions are more commonly expressed to an impartial observer and a machine, whereas positive emotions are more often directed toward the offending party. Additionally, our findings indicate that emotional expression cannot replace costly punishment and that communication channels do not affect the behavior of the offending party. By exploring the nuanced ways emotions are conveyed, our study offers valuable insights into the evolving discourse on the impact of emotions on human-AI interactions.
Norwegian and Swedish value sets for the EORTC QLU-C10D utility instrument
Authors: Rohde Gudrun , Lehmann Jens , Pilz Micha J. , Rojas-Concha Leslye , Holzner Bernhard , King Madeleine T. , Norman Richard , Kemmler Georg ,   On behalf of the EORTC Quality of Life Group
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to develop utility weights for the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLU-C10D, a cancer-specific utility instrument, tailored to the Norwegian and Swedish populations. The utility weights are intended for use in the specific welfare contexts of Norway and Sweden to support more precise healthcare decision-making in cancer treatment and care.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 1019 Norwegian and 1048 Swedish participants representative in age and gender of the two general populations. Participants completed a discrete choice experiment involving 960 choice sets, each consisting of two EORTC QLU-C10D health states described by the instrument’s domains and the duration of each state. Utility weights were calculated using generalized estimation equation models, and non-monotonic levels were merged to ensure consistent valuation.

Results

In the Norwegian participants, the largest utility decrements were seen for the domain of physical functioning (decrement of − 0.263 for highest level “very much”), followed by pain (decrement − 0.205 for level “very much”) and role functioning (− 0.139). Among the cancer-specific domains, nausea had the largest utility decrement (− 0.124). In the Swedish participants, the largest utility decrements were also observed for physical functioning (− 0.207 for the response “very much”), followed by pain (− 0.139), role functioning (− 0.133), and nausea (− 0.119). Emotional functioning also exhibited a sizable utility decrement (− 0.115).

Conclusion

This study provides the first set of utility weights for the EORTC QLU-C10D specific to Norway and Sweden, reflecting the unique health preferences of these populations. The generated utility decrements can inform cost-utility analyses and optimize resource allocation in cancer care within the Norwegian and Swedish healthcare systems.
Neopatristics for the twenty-first century: neglected and new perspectives
Authors: Obolevitch Teresa
Published: November 2024

This article is an editorial introduction to a special issue of Studies in East European Thought devoted to neopatristics. The circumstances of the creation of the neopatristic synthesis announced by Georges Florovsky during the First Orthodox Congress in Athens are considered. The main philosophical and theological aspects that are currently discussed in the context of patristic renewal are also addressed. In particular, it is shown that the sophiology of Sergius Bulgakov also fits into the patristic paradigm. Finally, the topics of the articles included in this special issue are presented.
Correlated tunneling in high-order above threshold dissociative ionization of H2
Authors: Hao Xiaolei , Wang Junping , Zhang Zhaohan , Qin Jiarui , Shu Zheng , Li Chan , Zhang Jingyu , Li Weidong , He Feng , Chen Jing
Published: November 2024

Comprehension of photon-triggered molecular processes is essential in the study of various important topics in physics, chemistry, and biology. Here we propose a correlated tunneling picture to understand the dissociative ionization process of molecules in intense laser fields based on a quantum model developed in the framework of many-body S-matrix theory including nuclear vibrational motion. In this quantum correlation picture, the single ionization of H2 and the subsequent electron-ion recollision-induced dissociation are considered as an entangled correlated process. It enables us to attribute the interference pattern in the joint-energy spectra to combined effects of single-slit diffraction and multi-slit interference of correlated electron-nuclear wave packets in the time domain. Our work opens a new avenue to understanding molecular dissociative ionization processes in external fields.
Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is an independent predictor for functional outcome after hip fracture in the elderly: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Yimin , Bei Mingjian , Liu Gang , Zhang Jing , Ge Yufeng , Tan Zhelun , Peng Weidong , Gao Feng , Tu Chao , Tian Maoyi , Yang Minghui , Wu Xinbao
Published: November 2024

Summary

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a useful tool for assessing nutritional status using serum albumin and lymphocyte count. This study indicates that a higher preoperative PNI correlates with improved mobility and health-related quality of life during the initial postoperative period in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Purpose

To investigate the prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in predicting mobility and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in elderly hip fracture patients after surgery.

Methods

We prospectively involved patients aged 65 and above, who could walk freely before injury and underwent surgery between 2018 and 2019. Admission PNI was calculated as serum albumin (g/L) + 5 × total lymphocyte count (× 109/L). Patients were classified into two groups based on PNI median value. All patients were followed up by telephone for four times (30-day, 120-day, 1-year, and 3-year after surgery). The Fracture Mobility Score (FMS) and EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D 5L) were used to evaluate mobility and HRQoL, respectively.

Results

Of 705 eligible patients, 487 completed all assessments. Patients in the higher PNI group had a significantly increased possibility of achieving unrestricted mobility at the 120-day follow-up (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.10–2.61, P.adj = 0.017), while no significant differences were observed at other follow-ups. Additionally, patients in the higher PNI group had a significantly higher EQ-5D utility value at the 30-day follow-up (P.adj = 0.015). A linear regression model with adjusting for all confounders showed that admission PNI value was positively associated with EQ-5D utility values at 30-day, 120-day, and 1-year follow-up assessments (P.adj = 0.011, P.adj = 0.001, and P.adj = 0.030, respectively). However, this correlation was not observed at the 3-year time point (P.adj = 0.079).

Conclusion

The PNI is a valuable predictor of functional outcomes in elderly patients with hip fractures following surgery.
State-of-the-Art Review of Continuum Mechanics-Based Modelling of Soil Surface Erosion
Authors: Feng Hang , Yin Zhen-Yu , Peng Maozhu , Guo Qimeng
Published: November 2024

Soil surface erosion can shape the morphography of rivers and estuaries in the natural environment and induce high potential risks to structures in engineering. Numerical simulations based on continuum mechanics theory can provide reliable assessments of the evolution of surface erosion from the perspective of a large-scale view. However, current studies on continuum mechanics-based modelling are still limited. This paper comprehensively reviews such numerical simulations of soil surface erosion. This review begins by discussing the fundamental physical mechanisms of surface erosion. Subsequently, it explores the basic physics-based conservation equations controlling soils and fluids in surface erosion. Then, the empirical formulae depicting the different stages of surface erosion are presented. Building on these mathematical foundations, this paper reviews various numerical methods for surface erosion modelling from a continuum mechanics perspective. Finally, this paper discusses the advantages and limitations of the numerical methods. This work can provide researchers convenience for using numerical models on surface erosion simulations.
Edible Films from the Laboratory to Industry: A Review of the Different Production Methods
Authors: Weng S. , Marcet I. , Rendueles M. , Díaz M.
Published: November 2024

Edible films or coatings as potential replacements for traditional plastic food packaging are a popular subject for research. This article provides a narrative summary of the progress of research into edible food packaging and preparation methods at three different production scales over the past 5 years. First, at the laboratory research level, commonly used coating methods include dipping, vacuum dipping, and spraying. Films are mostly made by solution casting, while 3D printing film technology and electrospinning/electrostatic spraying are emerging technologies in the field. At the pilot level, panning coating, brush coating, and fluidized bed technologies give edible food packaging a more scalable and realistic approach. On an industrial manufacturing scale, in order to improve film formation efficiency, blowing, injection, calendering, etc. are generally based on the extrusion mode. Laboratory-scale research is critical for developing materials and exploring their properties. The technology used for industrial-scale production needs to consider factors such as cost and efficiency. Each technology for making food packaging needs to be selected according to the production purposes and the currently available packaging equipment. However, commonly used edible packaging source materials are generally derived from biological macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides. These materials are heated and extruded in industrial production, and their performance will be inferior to that of traditional plastic packaging. In addition, high cost is also a factor that must be considered.
Glacial energy futures? The history of unbuilt hydropower in Greenland from the 1950s to the 1970s
Authors: Priebe Janina
Published: November 2024

This article examines how and by whom the future of glacial energy was imagined in Greenland between the 1950s and 1970s, with a specific emphasis on the intersection of discourses of energy and political autonomy. The focus lies on the years from 1953, marking the end of Greenland’s colonial status and its integration into the realm of its former colonial authority, Denmark, until 1979, when the Greenland Home Rule Agreement was enacted. The futures of hydropower are explored through the lens of energy imaginaries, a notion that underscores the interconnectedness between different forms of energy and the organization of social structures. These imaginaries revolving around hydropower circulated in the public-political space in Greenland decades prior to when the first operational hydropower plant came online in 1993. Through a historical empirical analysis, this article identifies the energy imaginaries linked to envisioned hydropower and delineates key phases of their emergence. It also discusses these envisioned futures of hydropower in the historical context of Arctic oil exploration and Greenland’s strivings toward political autonomy. The energy imaginaries of hydropower, especially glacial hydropower generated adjacent to Greenland’s inland icesheet, built on a long-term timeline and autonomous society, in contrast to the oil development that was favoured by Danish authorities at the time. Ultimately, it was the considerations of the sources and scale of the necessary investments that deferred the implementation of hydropower until the late 1980s. However, the groundwork for viewing Greenland’s water resources as a cornerstone for its future independence had been laid.
How Does Perceived University Support Boost Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions?
Authors: Galvão Anderson R. , Marques Carla S. , Mendes Telma , Azevedo Carolina
Published: November 2024

This investigation aims to study the influence of psychological characteristics, entrepreneurial education, and students’ perceptions of institutional support provided by higher education institutions (HEIs) on entrepreneurial intention. For the development of this research, a questionnaire was applied to students in the areas of economic and business sciences, who were attending the final year of their Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees. The data was collected from three HEIs in the North of Portugal, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the proposed model. By addressing the combined effects of perceived institutional support and entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions, this research offers both theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, this study extends the application of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by integrating the concepts of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial mindset. The research highlights the positive impact of perceived HEI support and entrepreneurial education on students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which, in turn, influences their adherence to planned behavior and the development of an entrepreneurial mindset. This nuanced understanding advances the discourse on how educational environments can shape entrepreneurial intentions. Practically, the findings provide actionable insights for HEIs, enabling them to evaluate and enhance their support mechanisms and educational programs to more effectively cultivate entrepreneurial intentions among students. This research is, therefore, original in its approach, addressing a critical gap in the literature by empirically examining the combined effects of psychological characteristics, entrepreneurial education, and perceived HEI support on entrepreneurial intention. Through this investigation, we contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive entrepreneurial intention, thus offering a foundation for universities to optimize their strategies in support of student entrepreneurship.
Zur Akzeptanz von fachlichen Inhalten aus Erklärvideos zu Funktionen – Eine methodologische Studie zur Herstellung von Geltung
Authors: Ohrndorf Martin , Vollstedt Maike , Schmidt-Borcherding Florian
Published: November 2024

Öffentlich vorhandene Erklärvideos werden im Rahmen schulischer Lehr-Lern-Prozesse genutzt – am häufigsten im Schulfach Mathematik. Der Stand der Forschung im Hinblick auf die Geltung des Wissens, das in Erklärvideos dargeboten wird, zeigt eine Diskrepanz zwischen einer didaktisch-fachlichen Perspektive einerseits sowie der Perspektive der Lernenden andererseits. In dieser methodologischen Studie wird untersucht, inwieweit sich Erklärvideos bezüglich ihrer Angebote zur Herstellung von Geltung vergleichen lassen. Dabei können Angebote zur Herstellung von Geltung dazu führen, dass die präsentierten Inhalte von Lernenden akzeptiert werden. Dazu wurden fünf öffentlich vorhandene Erklärvideos (YouTube, sofatutor) zur Einführung von Funktionen und fünf zu Schnittpunktberechnungen zweier linearer Funktionen zunächst inhaltsanalytisch untersucht. Aufbauend auf dieser qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse werden die Videos quantitativ bezüglich ihrer Häufigkeiten zum Vorkommen verschiedener Arten von Angeboten zur Herstellung von Geltung untersucht. Hinsichtlich dieser Häufigkeiten zeigt sich, dass Erklärvideos zur Einführung von Funktionen häufig Themen oder Begriffe definieren und konkreter nachvollziehen, wobei Erklärvideos zu Schnittpunktberechnungen häufig Themen oder Begriffe demonstrieren.
Zolmitriptan niosomal transdermal patches: combating migraine via epigenetic and endocannabinoid pathways and reversal of migraine hypercoagulability
Authors: Abou Youssef Nancy Abdel Hamid , Labib Gihan Salah , Kassem Abeer Ahmed , El-Mezayen Nesrine S.
Published: November 2024

Conventional zolmitriptan (ZOL) has limited oral bioavailability, many adverse effects, and poor membrane penetrability that negatively influences its accessibility to its 5-HT1B/1D receptor binding pocket, located transmemberanous. This work aimed at preparing transdermal ZOL-nanoformulation (niosomes) to surpass these limitations and to explore novel antimigraine mechanisms for ZOL via modulation of the epigenetically-altered chronification genes (RAMP-1, NPTX-2) or microRNAs and affecting the endocannabinoid CB-1/MAPK pathway. The prepared ZOL niosomes (Fsp60/6−1:1) exhibited %EE of 57.28%, PS of 472.3 nm, PDI of 0.366, and ZP of -26 mV were cast into patch with content uniformity of 93.12%, maintained endurance after 200-times folding, no interaction between its components (FT-IR), a biphasic release pattern and good stability after storage at 4 °C for 6 months. In-vivo ZOL-patch application in rats with nitroglycerin-induced migraine showed significant management of migraine pain symptoms and photophobia assessed behaviorally, decreased brain levels of the trigeminal neuronal activation marker (c-fos), the migraine pain neurotransmitter (CGRP) and the serum levels of different migraine pain markers (substance P, nitric-oxide, and TNF-α). It also significantly decreased RAMP-1, NPTX-2, miR-382-5p, and CB-1/MAPK gene expression reflecting improved efficacy and brain receptors delivery to a much greater extent than conventional ZOL has done. Additionally, this nanoformulation significantly opposed migraine-induced platelet activation and hypercoagulable status in both central and peripheral circulations as evidenced by the significant decrease in adenosine diphosphate, thrombin, factor X, CD41, and Von-Willebrand factor levels assessed peripherally and centrally. TPFsp60/6−1:1 significantly improved ZOL efficacy and accessibility to brain-receptors to a much greater extent than conventional ZOL-solution.

KeywordsEndocannabinoid receptors; Epigenetically-altered genes; Hemostatic pathways; Niosomal patch; Transdermal; Zolmitriptan

Graphical abstract
Emotion Regulation Strategies of Thai Teachers Facing Communication Challenges with Migrant Students: A Q Methodology Study
Authors: Thumvichit Athip , Phanthaphoommee Narongdej
Published: November 2024

The study employed Q methodology to investigate Thai primary school teachers’ emotion regulation (ER) in classrooms with migrant students, categorizing them into different cohorts based on their shared ER strategies and exploring how these strategies influence teachers and their multicultural classrooms. Three distinct teacher groups were identified. The first group, re-rationalizers, address obstacles by reinterpreting them in a positive light, emphasizing their roles as moral guides and facilitators of student development. The second group, change makers, tackle communication issues directly with a strong commitment to student support and an inclusive mindset. The third group, self-distractors, manage emotional difficulties by shifting their attention to the positive aspects of the situation. Although they may not directly address the issue, this strategy helps maintain a positive atmosphere in the multicultural classroom. These strategies highlight the importance of understanding teachers’ emotion regulation among the participants to enhance their effectiveness in working with diverse students, with implications for policymakers and education at large. The findings underscore the significance of understanding teachers’ emotion regulation strategies to improve their effectiveness in diverse educational settings. These insights have implications for policymakers and educational practices.
»Deutscher als der Westen«
Authors: Thiele Anja
Published: November 2024

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Bedeutung von DDR- und Ostdeutschland-Diskursen für die Neue Rechte, im Besonderen für ihre Literaturpolitik. Er rekonstruiert die metapolitische Relevanz dieser Diskurse für die Neue Rechte in den 1990er Jahren sowie die Rolle ostdeutscher Literatur und Autor:innen in der wichtigsten neurechten Theoriezeitschrift Sezession von 2003 bis heute.
The Role of Daily LMX Quality and Attachment Orientations in the Daily Workload-Emotional Strain Relationship
Authors: Schusterschitz Claudia , Geser Wilhelm
Published: November 2024

In response to the call to integrate two separate streams of research, on the relations between daily job stressors and well-being, and on the relations between daily leader-member exchange (LMX) fluctuations and well-being, this study analyzed the mediating role of daily LMX quality in the daily relationship between workload and emotional strain. In addition, we examined whether insecure attachment orientations moderate the relationships between workload and LMX quality, and LMX quality and emotional strain at the day- and person-level. Employees (N = 339) completed daily surveys over ten working days. Results support an indirect effect of daily LMX quality on the daily workload-emotional strain relationship when attachment anxiety and avoidance are high. Attachment avoidance moderates the daily relationship between workload and LMX, such that a higher than usual daily workload worsens daily LMX quality for employees high in attachment avoidance. The person-level moderator effect for attachment anxiety implies that the LMX quality of employees with high attachment anxiety worsens, when workload is higher than the average sample workload. Attachment anxiety also moderates the daily relationship between LMX quality and negative emotions, such that employees high in attachment anxiety experience more negative emotions on workdays with lower LMX quality. In summary, we integrate and contribute to day-level research on LMX and well-being, by showing that LMX quality plays a decisive role in the stressor-strain process of insecurely attached employees. Our findings also add to day-level research on LMX and well-being by identifying two conditions that hinder daily LMX relationship quality: workload and attachment orientations.
Analyzing Morphology and Composition of Coarse Aerosol Particles in Bangkok, Thailand: Implications to Sources and Impacts of Aged Aerosols on Ecosystem Health and Climate Dynamics
Authors: Bridhikitti Arika , Kumsawat Chananphat , Phitakpinyo Nutthanaphat , Sontisaka Sirawich , Naksaro Ratipong , Sawangproh Weerachon , Veeravinantanakul Apivut
Published: November 2024

During dry seasons, elevated aerosol levels across Thailand pose nationwide problems. Understanding and addressing this issue is challenging due to the dynamic nature of aerosol modification and generation during transport. This study investigates the morphology and elemental compositions of coarse aerosol particles in Bangkok, Thailand, during the dry seasons of 2020/21. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), the study reveals a complex mixture of anthropogenic, mineral, biogenic, and marine aerosols. Anthropogenic sources, including biomass burning, vehicular emissions, and industrial activities, contribute to carbonaceous particles like soot aggregates and tar balls. Mineral dust particles, predominantly calcium-rich and aluminosilicate, originate from various sources including construction, industry, and natural processes. Aging processes alter the composition and properties of both carbonaceous and mineral particles, influencing nutrient deposition, carbon sequestration, cloud condensation nuclei formation, and light scattering. These processes have multifaceted impacts on ecosystem health and climate dynamics, highlighting the need for further research and mitigation strategies to address the environmental consequences of aged aerosol particles in urban environments like Bangkok.
In-Situ Form Metrology of Structured Composite Surfaces Using Hybrid Structured-Light Measurement with a Novel Calibration Method
Authors: Gao Feng , Xu Yongjia , Li Yanling , Zhong Wenbin , Yu Yang , Li Duo , Jiang Xiangqian
Published: November 2024

Accurately measuring the form of structured composite surfaces in situ is critical for advanced manufacturing in various engineering fields. However, challenges persist in achieving precision, miniaturization, and calibration using current structured light techniques. In this work, a hybrid structured light with compact configuration is proposed for the in-situ and embedded form metrology of structured composite surfaces. The proposed technique contains three subsystems: phase-measuring deflectometry (PMD), fringe projection profilometry (FPP), and stereo vision. The PMD subsystem accurately reconstructs the form data of specular surfaces based on the principle of structured light reflection, and the FPP subsystem measures rough surfaces by projecting structured light onto them. Output data from these subsystems are then stitched to reconstruct a complete form of the measured composite surfaces. The compact configuration is explored to reduce the system volume to improve the technique’s portability and embedded measurement ability. With the stereo vision subsystem as an intermediary, a novel calibration method is applied for calculating the relations among the subsystems to improve the hybrid structured light system’s calibration and data stitching accuracy between PMD and FPP subsystems. Three calibration tools are designed and manufactured for the proposed calibration technique. A portable metrology prototype based on the proposed hybrid structured light technique’s principle and configuration is also developed and then calibrated using the novel calibration method. An embedded measurement experiment in a diamond turning machine demonstrates that the proposed techniques can achieve 400 nm form accuracy in specular surface measurement.
Fodor and Pylyshyn’s Critique of Connectionism and the Brain as Basis of the Mind
Authors: von der Malsburg Christoph
Published: November 2024

To this day there is no satisfactory answer to the question how mental patterns correspond to physical states of our brain. For more than six decades, progress has been held up by the logjam between two traditions, one inspired by neuroscience, the other by digital computing. This logjam is well illuminated by Fodor and Pylyshyn’s article of 1988, which is mainly devoted to a critique of what they call Connectionism, but also lays bare weaknesses of the Classical approach which they defend. As recent machine learning breakthroughs may be expected to shed new light on the issue, it seems time to arrive at a synthesis of the connectionist neural approach and the classical stance based on symbol processing. I will present and discuss an attempt at such synthesis in the form of structured, self-organized neural networks.
Teacher Bullying—Does It Have an Impact on Peer Bullying Victimization?
Authors: Gusfre Kari Stamland , Yanagida Takuya , Støen Janne , Fandrem Hildegunn
Published: November 2024

Peer bullying in schools is well-documented through international research. There is, however, limited knowledge about teachers who bully students and how this is related to peer bullying. In the school hierarchy, the teachers have a strong position of formal power. When this power is exercised positively, through authoritative classroom leadership, this will both prevent bullying and support and protect victims of bullying. However, we cannot neglect the possibility that teachers can use their formal power negatively, and in the worst cases bully students. This study aimed to explore how teacher bullying was associated with being bullied by peers. Data from the Norwegian Annual Pupil Survey (2018) was used. The sample consisted of 173,742 students (48.93% female). The participation rate was approximately 90%. A Likert scale was used to estimate the extent to which students were being bullied by peers and teachers. The main results showed that teacher bullying was positively associated with peer offline and online bullying victimization while statistically controlling for gender and grades. With a rather small effect size, the association of teacher bullying with offline bullying victimization was stronger than with online bullying victimization. Bullying was measured using self-reporting with a single question. In future research, it is recommended that several questions be used to capture the complexity of bullying. The results from this study show that it is necessary to develop and implement preventive measures not only against bullying among peers but also against teacher bullying.
Quantum algorithms for weighted constrained sampling and weighted model counting
Authors: Riguzzi Fabrizio
Published: November 2024

We consider the problems of weighted constrained sampling and weighted model counting, where we are given a propositional formula and a weight for each world. The first problem consists of sampling worlds with a probability proportional to their weight given that the formula is satisfied. The latter is the problem of computing the sum of the weights of the models of the formula. Both have applications in many fields such as probabilistic reasoning, graphical models, statistical physics, statistics, and hardware verification. In this article, we propose quantum weighted constrained sampling (QWCS) and quantum weighted model counting (QWMC), two quantum algorithms for performing weighted constrained sampling and weighted model counting, respectively. Both are based on the quantum search/quantum model counting algorithms that are modified to take into account the weights. In the black box model of computation, where we can only query an oracle for evaluating the Boolean function given an assignment, QWCS requires $$O(2^{\frac{n}{2}}+1/\sqrt{\text {WMC}})$$

O
(

2

n
2

+
1
/

WMC

)

oracle calls, where n is the number of Boolean variables and $$\text {WMC}$$
WMC
is the normalized between 0 and 1 weighted model count of the formula, while a classical algorithm has a complexity of $$\Omega (1/\text {WMC})$$

Ω
(
1
/
WMC
)

. QWMC takes $$\Theta (2^{\frac{n}{2}})$$

Θ
(

2

n
2

)

oracle calss, while classically the best complexity is $$\Theta (2^n)$$

Θ
(

2
n

)

, thus achieving a quadratic speedup.
Konsensuspapier Sepsis
Authors: Schaden Eva
Published: November 2024

Obwohl für die intensivmedizinische Behandlung der Sepsis umfassende und international abgestimmte Behandlungsrichtlinien vorliegen, ist das Outcome der Sepsis weiterhin nicht zufriedenstellend. Auf Initiative der ÖGARI und auf Einladung des Bundesministeriums für Soziales, Gesundheit, Pflege und Konsumentenschutz erarbeitete eine multidisziplinär besetzte Arbeitsgruppe ein Konsenspapier Sepsis, das in Form von neun Aktionsfeldern Empfehlungen zur Prävention, Diagnose, medizinischen Behandlung und Nachsorge einer Sepsis formuliert.