bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of Oat Polar Lipids in a Solid Breakfast Improves Glucose Tolerance, Triglyceridemia, and Gut Hormone Responses Postprandially and after a Standardized Second Meal: A Randomized Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Mukul , Tovar Juscelino , Cloetens Lieselotte , Nilsson Anne
Published: October 2023

Previously, it has been indicated that oat polar lipids included in a liquid meal may have the potential to beneficially modulate various cardiometabolic variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oat polar lipids in a solid food matrix on acute and second meal glucose tolerance, blood lipids, and concentrations of gut-derived hormones. The oat polar lipids were consumed at breakfast and effects on the biomarkers were investigated in the postprandial period and following a standardized lunch. Twenty young, healthy subjects consumed in total four different breakfast meals in a crossover study design. The breakfasts consisted of 1. White wheat bread (WWB) with an added 7.5 g of oat polar lipids (PLL); 2. WWB with an added 15 g of oat polar lipids (PLH); 3. WWB with and added 16.6 g of rapeseed oil (RSO) as a representative of commonly consumed oils; and 4. WWB consumed alone, included as a reference. All products with added lipids contained equivalent amounts of fat (16.6 g) and available carbohydrates (50 g). Rapeseed oil was added to the oat polar lipid meals to equal 16.6 g of total fat. The standardized lunch was composed of WWB and meatballs and was served 3.5 h after the breakfast. Test variables (blood glucose, serum insulin, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY, and GIP) were measured at fasting and repeatedly during the 5.5 h after ingestion of the breakfast. After breakfast, PLH substantially lowered postprandial glucose and insulin responses (iAUC 0–120 min) compared with RSO and WWB (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a reduced glycaemic response to lunch (210–330 min) was observed following the PLH breakfast compared to all of the other breakfasts served (p < 0.05). Oat polar lipids (PLH) significantly reduced TG and ghrelin and increased circulating gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY compared to RSO (p < 0.05). The results show that exchanging part of the dietary lipids with oat polar lipids has the potential to improve postprandial blood glucose regulation and gut hormones and thus may have a preventive effect against type 2 diabetes.
The Nephroprotective Effect of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) and Rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.) in Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity on Wistar Rats with Emphasis on the Evaluation of Novel Renal Biomarkers and the Antioxidant Capacity in Correlation with Nitro-Oxidative Stress
Authors: Aurori Mara , Andrei Sanda , Dreanca Alexandra Iulia , Morohoschi Andreea Georgiana , Cotul Mihaela , Niculae Mihaela , Nan Monica Irina , Codea Andrei Răzvan , Gal Adrian Florin
Published: October 2023

In spite of its well-known nephrotoxicity, gentamicin is nonetheless routinely used in humans and animals. However, no adjuvant treatments have been implemented to mitigate this harmful effect. Given this concern, medicinal plants represent a significant reservoir of natural antioxidants that could potentially reduce the renal oxidative stress induced by gentamicin. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the nephroprotective properties of Cornus mas and Sorbus aucuparia fruits in an experimental model of nephrotoxicity. The 3-week study was performed on male Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into six experimental groups, being subcutaneously treated with 50 mg/kg gentamicin and orally given Cornus mas and Sorbus aucuparia extracts, in doses of 40 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Antioxidant therapy significantly improved the nitro-oxidative stress parameters as well as the specific renal biomarkers KIM-1 and iNAG, demonstrating a considerable renal tubular protective impact. These outcomes were reinforced by biochemical and histopathological enhancements. Nevertheless, neither of the tested extracts succeeded in substantially diminishing BUN levels. Additionally, CysC did not significantly decline following extracts treatment, suggesting that the remedies did not effectively protect renal glomeruli against gentamicin stress. Future studies are required in order to determine the underlying mechanisms of these berries.
Infant Nutrition and Other Early Life Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity According to Disability Status
Authors: Blake Melissa K. , Ma Ruixuan , Cardenas Erika Viana , Varanloo Parisa , Agosto Yaray , Velasquez Carolina , Espina Katheryn A. , Palenzuela Joanne , Messiah Sarah E. , Natale Ruby A.
Published: October 2023

One in five preschool-aged children in the United States is obese, and children with disabilities are significantly impacted. This study aimed to determine the association between age at solid food initiation and obesity prevalence in preschool-aged children while considering disability status, ethnicity, gestational age, and birth weight. Analysis was conducted on a sample of 145 children aged 2 to 5 years who were enrolled in ten childcare centers. Parents completed a survey assessing disability status, race and ethnicity, birth weight, gestational age, and age of solid food initiation. Height and weight were collected concurrently. Multivariable logistic regression models generated the odds of developing obesity based on age at solid food initiation, disability status, ethnicity, gestational age, and birth weight. There was no significant difference in the odds of being obese based on age at solid food introduction. Children with disabilities (OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04–0.6, p = 0.01) and children born preterm (OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.08–0.79, p = 0.03) had significantly lower odds of being obese. Hispanic children (OR = 4.93, 95% CI 1.91–15.32, p = 0.002) and children with higher birth weights (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.17–1.92, p = 0.002) were more likely to be obese. With pediatric obesity rates continuing to rise, these findings can inform future intervention efforts.
Is the Consumption of Added Sugar from Common Beverages Associated with the Presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Thai Medical Students?
Authors: Yingchankul Nalinee , Panuspanudechdamrong Chompimaksorn , Techapipatchai Nuthakul , Chanmuang Tiphakorn , Netsiri Pintira , Karawekpanyawong Nuntaporn , Tanasombatkul Krittai , Phinyo Phichayut
Published: October 2023

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) significantly affects the well-being of medical students in various aspects. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) pose a potential risk of ADHD. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD symptoms and the association between consumption of added sugar in common beverages and ADHD symptoms in Thai medical students. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students at Chiang Mai University from May 2022 to April 2023. The consumption of added sugar from common beverages in Thailand was assessed using the Thai Adolescence Sugar Sweetened Beverage Intake (THASSI) questionnaire. An Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) score ≥ 3 identified the presence of ADHD symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression was used for the analysis. Of 441 participants, 29.9% had ADHD symptoms. Daily consumption of added sugar from beverages higher than 25 g/day showed an increased risk of ADHD symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95%CI 1.15 to 2.84, p = 0.011). The same trend was observed when using the sex-specific cutoff points (adjusted OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.10 to 2.73, p = 0.018). Higher consumption of added sugar from beverages may increase the risk of ADHD symptoms in Thai medical students. This finding supports the implementation of health policies that promote healthy consumption behaviors among medical students.
Wheat Grains as a Sustainable Source of Protein for Health
Authors: Alomari Dalia Z. , Schierenbeck Matías , Alqudah Ahmad M. , Alqahtani Mashael Daghash , Wagner Steffen , Rolletschek Hardy , Borisjuk Ljudmilla , Röder Marion S.
Published: October 2023

Protein deficiency is recognized among the major global health issues with an underestimation of its importance. Genetic biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable strategy to overcome global protein malnutrition. This study was designed to focus on protein-dense grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and identify the genes governing grain protein content (GPC) that improve end-use quality and in turn human health. Genome-wide association was applied using the 90k iSELECT Infinium and 35k Affymetrix arrays with GPC quantified by using a proteomic-based technique in 369 wheat genotypes over three field-year trials. The results showed significant natural variation among bread wheat genotypes that led to detecting 54 significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) surpassing the false discovery rate (FDR) threshold. These QTNs showed contrasting effects on GPC ranging from −0.50 to +0.54% that can be used for protein content improvement. Further bioinformatics analyses reported that these QTNs are genomically linked with 35 candidate genes showing high expression during grain development. The putative candidate genes have functions in the binding, remobilization, or transport of protein. For instance, the promising QTN AX-94727470 on chromosome 6B increases GPC by +0.47% and is physically located inside the gene TraesCS6B02G384500 annotated as Trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (T6P), which can be employed to improve grain protein quality. Our findings are valuable for the enhancement of protein content and end-use quality in one of the major daily food resources that ultimately improve human nutrition.
Cross-Sectional Association between Perceived Physical Literacy and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns in Adolescents: The EHDLA Study
Authors: Domínguez-Martín Gabriel , Tárraga-López Pedro J. , López-Gil José Francisco
Published: October 2023

Purpose: The objective of the current study was to analyze the relationship between perceived physical literacy (PPL) and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and its specific components in a sample of Spanish adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined a sample of 845 adolescents (58.1% boys) aged 12–17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain). PPL was assessed by the Spanish Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument for adolescents (S-PPLI). To assess adherence to the MedDiet, the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents (KIDMED) was applied. Results: In unadjusted analyses, adolescents with medium or high PPL were more likely to have optimal adherence to the MedDiet (medium PPL: OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.20–2.40, p-adjusted = 0.003; high PPL: OR = 2.90, 95% CI 2.03–4.17, p-adjusted < 0.001). These findings remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, energy intake, overall sleep duration, physical activity, and sedentary behavior (medium PPL: OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.05–2.19, p-adjusted = 0.003; high PPL: OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.53–3.39, p-adjusted < 0.001). Conclusions: PPL could play a relevant role in the adoption of healthy eating habits among adolescents. Adolescents with low or medium PPL were less likely to report optimal adherence to the MedDiet. Adolescents with high PPL seem to consume more fruits, vegetables, fish, pulses, nuts, and dairies (for breakfast). Conversely, these adolescents tend to skip breakfast less, as well as to consume less commercially baked goods or pastries at this meal.
Intergenerational Hyperglycemia Impairs Mitochondrial Function and Follicular Development and Causes Oxidative Stress in Rat Ovaries Independent of the Consumption of a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Paula Verônyca Gonçalves , Sinzato Yuri Karen , Gallego Franciane Quintanilha , Cruz Larissa Lopes , Aquino Ariana Musa de , Scarano Wellerson Rodrigo , Corrente José Eduardo , Volpato Gustavo Tadeu , Damasceno Débora Cristina
Published: October 2023

We analyzed the influence of maternal hyperglycemia and the post-weaning consumption of a high-fat diet on the mitochondrial function and ovarian development of the adult pups of diabetic rats. Female rats received citrate buffer (Control–C) or Streptozotocin (for diabetes induction–D) on postnatal day 5. These adult rats were mated to obtain female pups (O) from control dams (OC) or from diabetic dams (OD), and they received a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) from weaning to adulthood and were distributed into OC/SD, OC/HFD, OD/SD, and OD/HFD. In adulthood, the OGTT and AUC were performed. These rats were anesthetized and euthanized for sample collection. A high percentage of diabetic rats were found to be in the OD/HFD group (OD/HFD 40% vs. OC/SD 0% p < 0.05). Progesterone concentrations were lower in the experimental groups (OC/HFD 0.40 ± 0.04; OD/SD 0.30 ± 0.03; OD/HFD 0.24 ± 0.04 vs. OC/SD 0.45 ± 0.03 p < 0.0001). There was a lower expression of MFF (OD/SD 0.34 ± 0.33; OD/HFD 0.29 ± 0.2 vs. OC/SD 1.0 ± 0.41 p = 0.0015) and MFN2 in the OD/SD and OD/HFD groups (OD/SD 0.41 ± 0.21; OD/HFD 0.77 ± 0.18 vs. OC/SD 1.0 ± 0.45 p = 0.0037). The number of follicles was lower in the OD/SD and OD/HFD groups. A lower staining intensity for SOD and Catalase and higher staining intensity for MDA were found in ovarian cells in the OC/HFD, OD/SD, and OD/HFD groups. Fetal programming was responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction, ovarian reserve loss, and oxidative stress; the association of maternal diabetes with an HFD was responsible for the higher occurrence of diabetes in female adult pups.
Synergistic Strategies for Gastrointestinal Cancer Care: Unveiling the Benefits of Immunonutrition and Microbiota Modulation
Authors: Martinelli Serena , Lamminpää Ingrid , Dübüş Eda Nur , Sarıkaya Dilara , Niccolai Elena
Published: October 2023

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of highly prevalent malignant tumors affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Globally, one in four cancer cases and one in three cancer deaths are estimated to be GI cancers. They can alter digestive and absorption functions, leading to severe malnutrition which may worsen the prognosis of the patients. Therefore, nutritional intervention and monitoring play a fundamental role in managing metabolic alterations and cancer symptoms, as well as minimizing side effects and increasing the effectiveness of chemotherapy. In this scenario, the use of immunonutrients that are able to modulate the immune system and the modification/regulation of the gut microbiota composition have gained attention as a possible strategy to improve the conditions of these patients. The complex interaction between nutrients and microbiota might contribute to maintaining the homeostasis of each individual’s immune system; therefore, concurrent use of specific nutrients in combination with traditional cancer treatments may synergistically improve the overall care of GI cancer patients. This work aims to review and discuss the role of immunonutrition and microbiota modulation in improving nutritional status, postoperative recovery, and response to therapies in patients with GI cancer.
Calcifediol: Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Donati Simone , Palmini Gaia , Aurilia Cinzia , Falsetti Irene , Marini Francesca , Giusti Francesca , Iantomasi Teresa , Brandi Maria Luisa
Published: October 2023

Due to its essential role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, the secosteroid hormone calcitriol has received growing attention over the last few years. Calcitriol, like other steroid hormones, may function through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. In the traditional function, the interaction between the biologically active form of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) affects the transcription of thousands of genes by binding to repeated sequences present in their promoter region, named vitamin D-responsive elements (VDREs). Non-transcriptional effects, on the other hand, occur quickly and are unaffected by inhibitors of transcription and protein synthesis. Recently, calcifediol, the immediate precursor metabolite of calcitriol, has also been shown to bind to the VDR with weaker affinity than calcitriol, thus exerting gene-regulatory properties. Moreover, calcifediol may also trigger rapid non-genomic responses through its interaction with specific membrane vitamin D receptors. Membrane-associated VDR (mVDR) and protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (Pdia3) are the best-studied candidates for mediating these rapid responses to vitamin D metabolites. This paper provides an overview of the calcifediol-related mechanisms of action, which may help to better understand the vitamin D endocrine system and to identify new therapeutic targets that could be important for treating diseases closely associated with vitamin D deficiency.
The Use of Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy and Vaccination in Tuberculosis
Authors: Mata-Espinosa Dulce , Lara-Espinosa Jacqueline V. , Barrios-Payán Jorge , Hernández-Pando Rogelio
Published: October 2023

Tuberculosis (TB), an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the primary causes of death globally. The treatment of TB is long and based on several drugs, producing problems in compliance and toxicity, increasing Mtb resistance to first-line antibiotics that result in multidrug-resistant TB and extensively drug-resistant TB. Thus, the need for new anti-TB treatments has increased. Here, we review some model strategies to study gene therapy based on the administration of a recombinant adenovirus that encodes diverse cytokines, such as IFNγ, IL12, GM/CSF, OPN, TNFα, and antimicrobial peptides to enhance the protective immune response against Mtb. These models include a model of progressive pulmonary TB, a model of chronic infection similar to latent TB, and a murine model of pulmonary Mtb transmission to close contacts. We also review new vaccines that deliver Mtb antigens via particle- or virus-based vectors and trigger protective immune responses. The results obtained in this type of research suggest that this is an alternative therapy that has the potential to treat active TB as an adjuvant to conventional antibiotics and a promising preventive treatment for latent TB reactivation and Mtb transmission. Moreover, Ad vector vaccines are adequate for preventing infectious diseases, including TB.
Assessment of the Chemical Profile and Potential Medical Effects of a Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Eclipta prostrata L. Collected in the Central Highlands of Vietnam
Authors: Phan Thi Kim Phung , Wang San-Lang , Nguyen Quang Vinh , Phan Tu Quy , Nguyen Tan Thanh , Tran Thanh Tam Toan , Nguyen Anh Dzung , Nguyen Van Bon , Doan Manh Dung
Published: October 2023

Eclipta prostrata L. (EPL), a medicinal plant, is widely utilized in the central highlands of Vietnam. This study aims to assess the chemical profile and potential medical effects of an EPL extract rich in flavonoids. A total of 36 secondary metabolites were identified from the EPL extract through GC-MS and UHPLC-UV analysis. Among them, 15 volatile compounds and several phenolic and flavonoid chemicals, including salicylic acid, epicatechin gallate, isovitexin, and apigetrin, were reported in EPL extract for the first time. This herbal extract demonstrated moderate inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and high anti-oxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities (IC50 = 76.8 ± 0.8 μg/mL). These promising attributes can be likely attributed to the high levels of major compounds, including wedelolactone (1), chlorogenic acid (3), epicatechin gallate (6), salicylic acid (8), isovitexin (9), apigetrin (11), and myricetin (12). These findings align with the traditional use of EPL for enhancing memory and cognitive function, as well as its potential benefits in diabetes management. The results of the molecular docking study reveal that the major identified compounds (1, 6, 9, and 11) showed a more effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect than berberine chloride, with good binding energy (DS values, −12.3 to −14.3 kcal/mol) and acceptable values of RMSD (1.02–1.67 Å). Additionally, almost all the identified major compounds exhibited good ADMET properties within the required limits.
Improving Drug Delivery on Candida Albicans Using Geraniol Nanoemulsion
Authors: Silva Pontes Cristiano , Garcia de Carvalho Gabriel , Rosa Perin Leite Andressa , Chorilli Marlus , Palomari Spolidorio Denise Madalena
Published: October 2023

Geraniol (GE) is a monoterpene alcohol with excellent antifungal activity. However, its low solubility and high volatility impair its use. Nanoemulsions (NE) are excellent delivery systems for poorly soluble and volatile drugs, achieving controlled release of the active ingredient. The aim of this study was to improve the delivery of geraniol (GE) incorporated in NE against Candida albicans in order to evaluate the antibiofilm effect and cytotoxicity. Nanoemulsion containing 10% oil phase (cholesterol) (w/w), 10% surfactant (mixture of soy phosphatidylcholine and Brij 58; 1:2) (w/w), and 80% aqueous phase (phosphate buffer) (w/w) was synthesized. Incorporation of GE was carried out by sonication and the final compounds were characterized by hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP), in addition to evaluation of physicochemical stability after 6 months and 1 year. The GE-NE effect was evaluated on Candida albicans biofilms and cytotoxic effect was evaluated on immortalized normal oral cell line NOK-Si. The diameter of GE-NE was 232.3 ± 2.7 nm and PDI 0.155 with exhibited homogeneity and stability in solution. GE-NE showed antibiofilm activity at a concentration of 75 μg/mL with reduction of >6.0 log10, and no cytotoxicity against NOK-Si cells at concentrations below 150 μg/mL was observed. GE-NE proved to be a promising candidate for prevention and treatment of fungal diseases.
Cis-2-Decenoic Acid and Bupivacaine Delivered from Electrospun Chitosan Membranes Increase Cytokine Production in Dermal and Inflammatory Cell Lines
Authors: Harrison Zoe , Montgomery Emily C. , Bush Joshua R. , Gupta Nidhi , Bumgardner Joel D. , Fujiwara Tomoko , Baker Daniel L. , Jennings Jessica Amber
Published: October 2023

Wound dressings serve to protect tissue from contamination, alleviate pain, and facilitate wound healing. The biopolymer chitosan is an exemplary choice in wound dressing material as it is biocompatible and has intrinsic antibacterial properties. Infection can be further prevented by loading dressings with cis-2-decenoic acid (C2DA), a non-antibiotic antimicrobial agent, as well as bupivacaine (BUP), a local anesthetic that also has antibacterial capabilities. This study utilized a series of assays to elucidate the responses of dermal cells to decanoic anhydride-modified electrospun chitosan membranes (DA-ESCMs) loaded with C2DA and/or BUP. Cytocompatibility studies determined the toxic loading ranges for C2DA, BUP, and combinations, revealing that higher concentrations (0.3 mg of C2DA and 1.0 mg of BUP) significantly decreased the viability of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. These high concentrations also inhibited collagen production by fibroblasts, with lower loading concentrations promoting collagen deposition. These findings provide insight into preliminary cellular responses to DA-ESCMs and can guide future research on their clinical application as wound dressings.
Copolymer Micelles: A Focus on Recent Advances for Stimulus-Responsive Delivery of Proteins and Peptides
Authors: Trimaille Thomas , Verrier Bernard
Published: October 2023

Historically used for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs through core encapsulation, amphiphilic copolymer micelles have also more recently appeared as potent nano-systems to deliver protein and peptide therapeutics. In addition to ease and reproducibility of preparation, micelles are chemically versatile as hydrophobic/hydrophilic segments can be tuned to afford protein immobilization through different approaches, including non-covalent interactions (e.g., electrostatic, hydrophobic) and covalent conjugation, while generally maintaining protein biological activity. Similar to many other drugs, protein/peptide delivery is increasingly focused on stimuli-responsive nano-systems able to afford triggered and controlled release in time and space, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and limiting side effects. This short review discusses advances in the design of such micelles over the past decade, with an emphasis on stimuli-responsive properties for optimized protein/peptide delivery.
Plant-Centered Virtue Ethics: A Cross-Talk between Agroecology and Ecosophy
Authors: Pouteau Sylvie
Published: October 2023

The claim that environmental virtue ethics (EVE) is anthropocentric appears inherently aporetic since it implies that either anthropocentrism is virtuous or the whole environmental issue is anthropocentric, thus translating vices into virtues or vice versa. Another interpretation is that both the environment and humanity are thought with a vicious conception of centeredness. Conversely, if centeredness is rightly addressed and humanity and its environment are considered as one and the same issue, the focus on anthropocentrism should also be different. By drawing on Felix Guatttari’s ecosophy, this paper proposes that EVE needs to be based on a philosophical understanding of agriculture. Thus, agriculture is the organic and epistemic matrix of our relation to the environment and not merely a section of an abstract environment nor one economic area among others. The environmental crisis is primarily a crisis of humanity within its agricultural matrix. To be an environmentally virtuous human being, a requirement is to face again the burden of our absolute need for food and for fruitful cooperation between farmers and plants, not only animals. This paper discusses the importance of plant ethics and plant topology to understand the specificities of the agricultural matrix. The emphasis will be placed on plant-centered virtue ethics and reframing anthropocentrism by drawing on transdisciplinary conversation with plant practitioners in the context of a research action project.
Bessel–Gauss Beams of Arbitrary Integer Order: Propagation Profile, Coherence Properties, and Quality Factor
Authors: Cruz y Cruz Sara , Gress Zulema , Jiménez-Macías Pedro , Rosas-Ortiz Oscar
Published: October 2023

We present a novel approach to generate Bessel–Gauss modes of arbitrary integer order and well-defined optical angular momentum in a gradient index medium of transverse parabolic profile. The propagation and coherence properties, as well as the quality factor, are studied using algebraic techniques that are widely used in quantum mechanics. It is found that imposing the well-defined optical angular momentum condition, the Lie group SU(1,1) comes to light as a characteristic symmetry of the Bessel–Gauss beams.
Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Polyamide 6/Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites Obtained via In Situ Polymerization: Effect of Nanofiller Size
Authors: Lagarinhos Joana , Magalhães da Silva Sara , Oliveira José Martinho
Published: October 2023

Thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM) technology was applied to synthesize graphene nanoplatelets-based nanocomposites via anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP). Polyamide 6 (PA6) was obtained by AROP and was used as the polymeric matrix of the developed nanocomposites. The non-isothermal crystallization behavior of PA6 and nanocomposites was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nanocomposites with 0.5 wt.% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with two different diameter sizes were prepared. Results have shown that the crystallization temperature shifted to higher values in the presence of GNPs. This behavior is more noticeable for the nanocomposite prepared with smaller GNPs (PA6/GN). The crystallization kinetic behavior of all samples was assessed by Avrami and Liu’s models. It was observed that GNPs increased the crystallization rate, thus revealing a nucleating ability, and also validated the reduction of half-time crystallization values. Such tendency was also supported by the lower activation energy values determined by Friedman’s method.
Mechanical Properties’ Strengthening of Photosensitive 3D Resin in Lithography Technology Using Acrylated Natural Rubber
Authors: Tessanan Wasan , Daniel Philippe , Phinyocheep Pranee
Published: October 2023

Acrylated natural rubber (ANR) with various acrylate contents (0.0–3.5 mol%) was prepared from natural rubber as a raw material and then incorporated with commercial 3D resin to fabricate specimens using digital light processing. As a result, the utilization of ANR with 1.5 mol% acrylate content could provide the maximum improvement in stretchability and impact strength, approximately 155% and 221%, respectively, over using pure 3D resin, without significant deterioration of tensile modulus and mechanical strength. According to evidence from a scanning electron microscope, this might be due to the partial interaction between the dispersed small rubber particles and the resin matrix. Additionally, the glass-transition temperature of the 3D-printed sample shifted to a lower temperature by introducing a higher acrylate content in the ANR. Therefore, this work might offer a practical way to effectively enhance the properties of the fundamental commercial 3D resin and broaden its applications. It also makes it possible to use natural rubber as a bio-based material in light-based 3D printing.
Thermal Sensing of Photo-Activated Dental Resin Composites Using Infrared Thermography
Authors: Bakhsh Turki A. , Alfaifi Abdulaziz , Alghamdi Yousef , Nassar Mohannad , Abuljadyel Roaa A.
Published: October 2023

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the pulp temperature increase during light curing of different composite thicknesses in deep class I cavities using two thermal sensing tools. Methodology: Round occlusal class I cavities with a remaining dentin thickness (RDT) of 1 mm from the cavity floor were performed on 15 extracted sound molars. Samples were divided into three groups (n = 5). In group A, cavities were restored using the Filtek Z350 XT conventional composite through the incremental filling technique, whereas group B cavities were restored using the Filtek Bulk-Fill flowable composite through the bulk-fill technique. Specimens of the Filtek Bulk-Fill flowable composite using the incremental filling technique were used to restore cavities in group C. An infrared thermal camera (IRT; Flir, Wilsonville, OR, USA) and K-type thermocouple (Perfect Prime TC0520, New York, NY, USA) were used to measure the heat generated during composite photo-polymerization. Results: There were no significant differences within the same group using either the thermocouple or IRT (p > 0.05). One-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between groups A and C (p > 0.05), whereas group B was significantly different from groups A and C with each sensing tool (p < 0.05). Conclusion: IRT and thermocouple heat readings were comparable. Based on the current findings, the bulk-fill technique resulted in the lowest heat generation among the groups. Therefore, increasing the light-curing time and the number of composite increments was directly correlated with increases in intra-pulpal temperature.
Promising New Horizons in Medicine: Medical Advancements with Nanocomposite Manufacturing via 3D Printing
Authors: Li Nan , Khan Sadaf Bashir , Chen Shenggui , Aiyiti Wurikaixi , Zhou Jianping , Lu Bingheng
Published: October 2023

Three-dimensional printing technology has fundamentally revolutionized the product development processes in several industries. Three-dimensional printing enables the creation of tailored prostheses and other medical equipment, anatomical models for surgical planning and training, and even innovative means of directly giving drugs to patients. Polymers and their composites have found broad usage in the healthcare business due to their many beneficial properties. As a result, the application of 3D printing technology in the medical area has transformed the design and manufacturing of medical devices and prosthetics. Polymers and their composites have become attractive materials in this industry because of their unique mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical qualities. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state-of-the-art applications of polymer and its composites in the medical field using 3D printing technology. It covers the latest research developments in the design and manufacturing of patient-specific medical devices, prostheses, and anatomical models for surgical planning and training. The article also discusses the use of 3D printing technology for drug delivery systems (DDS) and tissue engineering. Various 3D printing techniques, such as stereolithography, fused deposition modeling (FDM), and selective laser sintering (SLS), are reviewed, along with their benefits and drawbacks. Legal and regulatory issues related to the use of 3D printing technology in the medical field are also addressed. The article concludes with an outlook on the future potential of polymer and its composites in 3D printing technology for the medical field. The research findings indicate that 3D printing technology has enormous potential to revolutionize the development and manufacture of medical devices, leading to improved patient outcomes and better healthcare services.
Research on the Heat Extraction Performance Optimization of Spiral Fin Coaxial Borehole Heat Exchanger Based on GA–BPNN–QLMPA
Authors: Fu Biwei , Guo Zhiyuan , Yan Jia , Sun Lin , Zhang Si , Nie Ling
Published: October 2023

Geothermal energy, a renewable energy source with enormous reserves independent of the external environment, is essential for reducing carbon emissions. Spiral fin coaxial borehole heat exchanger (SFCBHE) is vital for geothermal energy extraction. Its heat extraction performance requires further improvements for efficient performance that consider the structural sizes and installation positions of the SFCBHE and the nonlinear coupling with respect to several factors. The heat extraction performance of SFCBHE is optimized using a combination of genetic algorithm–back-propagation neural network (GA–BPNN) and the Q-learning-based marine predator algorithm (QLMPA). This study analyzes and compares the effects of geothermal energy extraction of smooth pipe TY-1, structure before optimization TY-2, and optimized structure TY-3. Following optimization with GA–BPNN–QLMPA, the heat extraction performance of TY-3 is enhanced by 30.8% and 23.6%, respectively. The temperature of maximum extraction is improved by 26.8 K and 24.0 K, respectively. The power of maximum heat extraction is increased by 148.2% and 109.5%, respectively. The optimization method can quickly and accurately determine the heat extraction performance for different structural sizes and installation positions of the SFCBHE. These findings are crucial for developing high-performance SFCBHE and efficiently using geothermal energy.
Analysis of Internal Flow Characteristics of the Bearingless Direct-Drive Centrifugal Pump System during Transient Start-Up
Authors: Xu Enxiang , Sun Juanzhe , Chen Xiaodan , Zhao Ruijie
Published: October 2023

Traditional shaft-sealed centrifugal pumps exhibit problems, such as liquid leakage and reduced efficiency, due to mechanical seal failures. To address the issue, the bearingless direct-drive centrifugal pump system (BDDCPS) has been designed with bearingless motor technology. This may cause a new issue of rotor eccentricity displacement, which can lead to a reduction in pump performance. Compared to a stable state, the changes in characteristics, such as flow rate, head, and pressure, during the transient start-up process are more severe, increasing the likelihood of system failure and requiring greater attention. In order to ensure safety and reliable operation during the transient start-up process, this paper investigates the working principle of the BDDCPS and analyzes transient start-up characteristics with three different start-up methods. The external characteristics, pressure field distribution, velocity field distribution, and hydraulic losses analysis of the pump are determined for comparative analysis. Finally, it is found that the linear acceleration start-up method is the most suitable and efficient for the BDDCPS.
DRAG: A Novel Method for Automatic Geological Boundary Recognition in Shale Strata Using Multi-Well Log Curves
Authors: Zhou Tianqi , Zhu Qingzhong , Zhu Hangyi , Zhao Qun , Shi Zhensheng , Zhao Shengxian , Zhang Chenglin , Wang Shanyu
Published: October 2023

Ascertaining the positions of geological boundaries serves as a cornerstone in the characterization of shale reservoirs. Existing methods heavily rely on labor-intensive manual well-to-well correlation, while automated techniques often suffer from limited efficiency and consistency due to their reliance on single well log data. To overcome these limitations, an innovative approach, termed DRAG, is introduced, which uses deep belief forest (DBF), principal component analysis (PCA), and an enhanced generative adversarial network (GAN) for automatic layering recognition in logging curves. The approach employed in this study involves the use of PCA for dimensionality reduction across multiple well log datasets, coupled with a sophisticated GAN to generate representative samples. The DBF algorithm is then applied for stratification, incorporating a confidence screening mechanism to improve computational efficiency. In order to improve both accuracy and stability, a coordinate system is introduced that adjusts for stratification variations among neighboring wells around the target well. Experimental comparisons demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing stratification fluctuations and improving precision.
Early Treatment of Class II Division 1 Malocclusions with Prefabricated Myofunctional Appliances: A Case Report
Authors: Toti Çeljana , Kaςani Gerta , Meto Aida , Droboniku Etleva , Gurakuqi Almiro , Tanellari Olja , Hysi Dorjan , Fiorillo Luca
Published: October 2023

Removable functional appliances (RFA) have long been employed to address Class II malocclusion, particularly in cases involving a significant overjet, a deep bite, and molar class 2 issues. Notably divergent from RFA, myofunctional appliances (PMA) offer several distinct advantages, including applicability in noncompliant patients, adaptability in cases of dental element scarcity, suitability for allergic patients, impression-free utilization, and reduced costs. Within the array of clinical cases treated with PMA, we chose to present an intricate case involving an 8-year-old girl. Our aim was to showcase the immediate effects of PMA and to track the progress over a two-year span. Following one year of PMA treatment, substantial improvements were observed in a large overjet, a deep bite, and lip incompetence—factors often associated with elevated risks of dental trauma. These improvements not only positively impacted dental aesthetics but also engendered normalized nasal respiration and diminished palatal impingement, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life. Upon reaching the two-year mark, the clinical status pertaining to Class II malocclusion remained stable. Further treatment was advised in a subsequent phase to refine imperfections in the dental arch form. Nonetheless, comprehensive data from the prolonged follow-up of patients treated with these appliances are essential to establish robust scientific evidence concerning their long-term efficacy.
Towards a New Dynamic Interaction Model of Adolescent CUD Manifestation, Prevention, and Treatment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Oosten Wesley , Vos Elena , Los Leontien , Nelwan Michel , Pieters Toine
Published: October 2023

Background: Cannabis is one of the most popular drugs of the 21st century, especially among adolescents and young adults. Evidence of a variety of lasting neuropsychological deficits as a result of chronic cannabis use has increased. Furthermore, regular cannabis use is found to be a predictor of mental health problems, less motivation in school, and school dropout. Aim: Our goal is to propose a theoretical model of adolescent cannabis use disorder (CUD) based on Zinberg’s drug, set, and setting model and explicated by a review of the literature on adolescent cannabis use to improve the prevention and treatment of CUD for adolescents. Methods: PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant publications as part of a hypothesis-based and model-generating review. Results: Individual (set) and environmental (setting) risk factors play important roles in the development of CUD in adolescents. School performance, motivation, and attendance can be negatively influenced by persistent cannabis use patterns and adolescent brain development can consequently be impaired. Thus, cannabis use can be understood as both being the cause of poor school performance but also the consequence of poor school performance. To prevent and reduce adolescent CUD the drug, set, and setting must all be considered. It is important to notice that the multiple feedback loops (indicated in our dynamic interaction model) are not mutually exclusive, but offer important intervention focus points for social workers, addiction professionals, parents, and other care takers. Conclusion: We argue that the three dimensions of drug, set, and setting contribute significantly to the eventual manifestation of CUD. Based on our dynamic interaction model, recommendations are made for possible preventive and therapeutic interventions for the treatment of adolescents and young adults with CUD.
Sexuality as Unity in Life: An Approach from Michel Henry’s Phenomenology of Incarnation
Authors: Martínez Juan Pablo
Published: October 2023

This article aims to promote the integration of knowledge and life based on a phenomenological description of sexuality and erotic relations. To carry out this task, I will follow the approaches of the French philosopher Michel Henry in order to extract the anthropological consequences of a phenomenology of incarnation pertaining to sexuality. Both the peculiar union produced by the sexual act and its perpetually threatened condition through the “event” of nihilation of the flesh will be the object of reflection throughout this work. In my search for the reintegration of the human being through the sexual act, I will show the importance of woman and her spiritual superiority in deepening the intimate meaning of sexuality. Further, I will argue that the intersubjective experience lived in sexual practice demands a consideration of human beings from their ultimate condition of relational possibility (Life), emphasizing their engendered, not merely created, condition. Thus, the salvation of human beings and their involvement in the coming of Life to them is intrinsically related to that carnal disposition which aids to unify them, beyond their diversity, in their self-revelation in Life.
Snake, Spell, Spirit, and Soteriology: The Birth of an Indian God Jiedi 揭諦 in Middle-Period China (618–1279)
Authors: Yang Zhaohua
Published: October 2023

I introduce a Buddhist god named Jiedi, believed to be a personification of the renowned gate mantra in the Heart Sūtra. I argue for a complex genesis story where the transference of the nāga-taming function and aquatic setting from the rainmaking spell in the Great Cloud Sūtra to the Heart Sūtra Mantra, coupled with its exegetical tradition emphasizing the soteriological metaphor of crossing, created an independent cult of the Jiedi Mantra. In battling chthonic snake spirits demanding virgin sacrifice in Sichuan, a regional variation of a cosmopolitan alchemical theme, the mantra was personified into a god associated with water and warfare. The exorcistic function of the mantra was the motor behind its apotheosis in Middle-period China. While he was elevated from a mere spirit to a vidyārāja (“wisdom king”) in tantric Buddhism, his cult was also disseminated in the Song, witnessing him provide broad deliverance in diverse areas such as industry, agriculture, infrastructure, military, and civil service. In late imperial China, he further imprinted himself on sacred geography, became a special class of warrior god, made inroads into Daoism and local religion, and proliferated in vernacular fiction and drama. An exotic Indian god was born on Chinese soil.
Mapping of the Spatial Scope and Water Quality of Surface Water Based on the Google Earth Engine Cloud Platform and Landsat Time Series
Authors: Jin Haohai , Fang Shiyu , Chen Chao
Published: October 2023

Surface water is an important parameter for water resource management and terrestrial water circulation research that is closely related to human production and livelihood. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology and cloud computing platforms, the use of remote sensing technology for large-scale and long-term surface water monitoring and investigation has become a research trend. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform and Landsat series satellite data, in this study, the Emergency Geomatics Service (EGS) operational surface water mapping algorithm and water index masking were utilized to extract the spatial scope of the water body. The validated models of the Secchi disk depth (SDD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended solids (SS) concentration were applied to water quality parameter inversion and water quality evaluation. Surface water extent extraction and water quality maps were created to analyze the spatial distribution of the water body and the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of the water quality parameters. A verification experiment was carried out with the surface water in Zhejiang Province as the research object. The results show that the surface water in the study area from 1990 to 2022 could be accurately extracted. The kappa coefficients were all greater than 0.90, and the overall accuracies of the extractions were greater than 95.31%. From 1990 to 2022, the total surface water area in Zhejiang Province initially decreased and then increased. The minimum water area of 2027.49 km2 occurred in 2005, and the maximum water area of 2614.96 km2 occurred in 2020, with an annual average variation of 193.92 km2. Since 2015, the proportion of high SS and Chl-a concentrations, and low SDD water bodies in Zhejiang Province have decreased, and the proportion with better water quality has increased significantly. The spatial distribution map of the surface water and the inversion results of the water quality parameters obtained in this study provide a valuable reference and guidance for regional water resource management, disaster monitoring and early warning, environmental protection, and aquaculture.
Deep Learning Methods for Semantic Segmentation in Remote Sensing with Small Data: A Survey
Authors: Yu Anzhu , Quan Yujun , Yu Ru , Guo Wenyue , Wang Xin , Hong Danyang , Zhang Haodi , Chen Junming , Hu Qingfeng , He Peipei
Published: October 2023

The annotations used during the training process are crucial for the inference results of remote sensing images (RSIs) based on a deep learning framework. Unlabeled RSIs can be obtained relatively easily. However, pixel-level annotation is a process that necessitates a high level of expertise and experience. Consequently, the use of small sample training methods has attracted widespread attention as they help alleviate reliance on large amounts of high-quality labeled data and current deep learning methods. Moreover, research on small sample learning is still in its infancy owing to the unique challenges faced when completing semantic segmentation tasks with RSI. To better understand and stimulate future research that utilizes semantic segmentation tasks with small data, we summarized the supervised learning methods and challenges they face. We also reviewed the supervised approaches with data that are currently popular to help elucidate how to efficiently utilize a limited number of samples to address issues with semantic segmentation in RSI. The main methods discussed are self-supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, weakly supervised learning and few-shot methods. The solution of cross-domain challenges has also been discussed. Furthermore, multi-modal methods, prior knowledge constrained methods, and future research required to help optimize deep learning models for various downstream tasks in relation to RSI have been identified.