bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Skills and Competences in Contemporary Society
Authors: Milenkova Valentina , Manov Boris
Published: April 2022

Digitalization is an integral part of society. Every process, phenomenon, community and relationship is related to digitalization and information technology. The life of a modern person is a long series of active penetration of digital devices in our way of life, in our professional responsibilities and activities, in our free time and personal contacts. This strong digital saturation today is constantly recognized and modern man is clearly aware of his dependence on information technology, without which it would be difficult to do his job, to contact people and institutions that reflect different levels of social interaction, and to organize free your time and entertainment. From this point of view, it is necessary to show the different forms of symbiosis between society and digitalization, as well as to emphasize the possible manifestations of this symbiosis.The objectives of this paper are to show specific dimensions of the advent of digitization and the various technologies in the Bulgarian society and in particular:-What digital devices do individuals have and how do they use them;-How they get involved in the Internet and what is their participation in the various social networks;-What is the quality of online learning as one of the examples of digital activity in social terms;-What is the technological level of the online environment;-What are the challenges of online education?The main research questions are related to the performance of high-tech level of Bulgarian online environment and focus on the main features of online learning, which is a new educational activity for Bulgarian schools and universities and its basic actors who gradually become active users of its.The Methodology is based on results obtained from an online survey conducted in March 2021 with people of different ages, occupations and education. The survey questionnaire included topics that directly relate to the digitalization of society, the use of various digital devices and the Internet, participation in online education and attitudes towards it. The results obtained show that digitalization has undisputable a place in the Bulgarian educational system. It is assessed relatively positively, it is perceived as a good step and solution and gradually people perceive it as a main element of the educational space. One of the advantages of online learning is its flexibility. Instead of training taking place in a fixed place and time, with the help of high technology it can take place anywhere and at any time. An important conclusion of this article is that various improvements need to be made to make the online education activity more effective. The most important thing to think about is how to overcome the shortcomings of online learning and how to deal with them people of different ages and statuses.
Mixed Initiative Sensemaking With Automation
Authors: Alotaibi Ahad , Baber Chris
Published: April 2022

It is possible that either the automation is not 100% correct or that the human knows information that the automation does not; in either case, the human will need to choose whether to follow the recommendation of the automation or not. This research focuses on human sensemaking, specifically how people organise information and how closely it matches what a system does using the data/frame model. Varied levels of automation were simulated in the investigation, as well as different levels of certainty. Answering questions to solve a case involving a group attacking an institution in a given location at a specific time was the scenario that has been used in this study. The sensemaking process was applied using the card sorting technique, and the automation confidence degree was determined using the intelligent analysis approach. The results showed that even though the provided frames are perhaps more practical, people appear to be more consistent when using self-generated frames rather than the provided frames. The way people grouped information was not necessarily the same as how computers did it. Furthermore, people appear to believe information presented by a computer with confidence levels represented by scores or colours. They will accept the computer's confidence predictions and make their own decisions based on them, even if they are not rational.
Optimizing User-Specific Gait Cycle Metrics with LAAF Smart Insoles to Manage Chronic Pain
Authors: Khan Meher , Yunus Rumshaa , Shafiq Malik Ali , Hussain Zain , Khan Faasel
Published: April 2022

Ongoing lower body pain is a pervasive problem around the world. If untreated, these issues may develop into more serious injuries and chronic pain. Furthermore, physical inactivity due to chronic pain is associated with a cluster of metabolic diseases. Current affordable solutions only address symptoms of pain without tackling the underlying root causes. By connecting users to caregivers, literature, and exercises, the LAAF - Live Active and Agony Free - platform aims to enhance the connected strategy in each user’s healthcare journey by emphasizing a holistic and complete approach to chronic pain management and prevention. The updated version of LAAF insoles brings a dynamic design, which supports multiple shoe sizes on a single flexible PCB. With the new multi-row flexible PCB design, the same circuitry is utilized to create shoe sizes ranging between US Men’s sizes 7 to 10 (Women’s 8.5 to 11.5). This eliminates the need for separate circuit designing for each shoe size, making the overall product cost-effective. Working with industrial design and engineering teams, LAAF aims to optimally place sensors to collect the most relevant data to manage chronic pain. In the updated version of the LAAF mobile app on iOS and Android, new parameters, such as double support, symmetry, weight distribution, walking duration, load, foot clearance, and fall risk have been added. These added parameters assist caregivers in diagnosing and prescribing personalized corrective measures. Detailed insights in the gait cycle encourage physical activity. Data collected from the LAAF insoles is compared to normative gait cycle data using algorithms to generate user-specific reports. Compared to current methods, the updated LAAF insoles provide the most relevant data for a new, effective, and affordable way to encourage physical activity while managing and preventing chronic pain across the world.
Packaging Design Strategy of Female Medical Injector Under Emotional Demand
Authors: Gao Xun , fuyong Liu , Li Yong , Cheng Wanying
Published: April 2022

The first visual perception of pharmaceutical packaging can directly affect the psychological emotion of the people who use medicine. From the user's needs, through the investigation of the cognition, will and emotion of gynecological patients in the use of disposable drug pushers, analyze the importance of pharmaceutical packaging design to pharmaceutical users, discuss the role and significance of emotional needs in the use of their packaging design process, and explore the development of the emotional design of female medical disposable drug pushers packaging; take the design practice of Kangfute gynecological pushers as an example, and integrate the emotional needs with In the case of Kangfute gynecological push dispenser design practice, the emotional needs are integrated into the packaging design to complete the push dispenser packaging design to meet the needs of the psychological level.
Literador: a comprehensive tutoring system for Spanish writing
Authors: Gutierrez Fernando , Soto Christian , Riffo Bernardo , Fernanda Rodriguez Maria , Vine Ana , Mora Daniel , Calbullanca Carolina , Teppa Paola , Cisternas Isabel , De La Fuente Cristian , Palma Diego , Gutiérrez Antonio
Published: April 2022

In a professional setting and in adult education, a well-written text needs to convey meaning by presenting ideas in a coherent and cohesive form that facilitates readability. This involves factors such as the balance in the use of coreferences, the abstraction of the language used, and the lexical diversity of the text. In this work, we proposed Literador, an Intelligent Tutoring System for Spanish writing. By incorporating different Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, Literador can analyze and provide feedback on the different aspects of a text, beyond just content. The three main NLP tools that have been incorporated into Literador are BETO, TRUNAJOD, and regular expressions. BETO is a Spanish-trained model of the state-of-the-art BERT language model. Because BETO can capture a highly accurate representation of the Spanish language, it can be used to analyze the meaning of a text, such as determine the accuracy of its main ideas. On the other hand, we use the text complexity analyzer TRUNAJOD to analyze the readability of a text. By integrating over 50 different indicators that measure lexical and syntactical elements, TRUNAJOD can provide insight into key writing factors that can affect the text’s internal connectivity, narrativity, coherence, concretion, and lexical diversity. Finally, we use regular expressions to identify the use of key lexical elements in a text. Regular expressions are used to identify structural sequences that indicate logical entailment, dependency, or adequate closing words for a specific type of text. By combining all of these sources of information, Literador can provide fine-grained feedback on what aspects of a text need improvement. This information is integrated following a feedback strategy that prompts different types of messages depending on the student’s level and tries, which also intends to avoid information overflow.
Stability of artificial intelligence controlled systems
Authors: Jirovsky Vaclav , Jirovsky Jn Vaclav
Published: April 2022

The impact of artificial intelligence in novel design of system of systems is substantially increasing, having influenced overall behavioral pattern of full setup. Major impact could be seen in large systems equipped even with minimum artificial intelligence elements up to specifically designed systems e.g. for evaluation of contribution on social network. The basic characteristic of any artificial intelligence program is that creator cannot predict next steps in the behavior of the whole system controlled by artificial intelligence. It can be done only based on statistical estimation, because real artificial intelligence program cannot behave deterministically. Moreover, the artificial intelligence programs today are not capable to demonstrate such a quality as intuition or deep abstraction etc., which are specific to human. The concentration of the cyber systems as are sensor and actuators network in IoT environment or autonomous car groups under control of artificial intelligence of the similar design can be source of instability of the system itself.When we talk about a system stability, we usually consider the system with some observable feedback and short control loops. In the large system of systems, the control loops are multiple, hidden and mutually affected. In our contribution we are going to show the possible way of analysis of such a case of dynamic system behavior based of semidefinite programming approach for both linear and non-linear system with and without feedback loop. Naturally, where the feedback loop will be missing, the stability of the system will be very sensible to border conditions while in the case of very tight loop the system will be kept to one specific state. Both of these marginal solutions are not acceptable for large systems equipped with artificial intelligence.The goal of system of systems equipped with artificial intelligence would consist in ability to cover very large number of possible states, often vaguely defined, based on probability of the border conditions. The system of systems remains in the state achieved, analyzing its state itself and implementing change into another state under reasonable change in the environment. So it means system of systems will remain in the probabilistically optimal state until the self-analysis will show necessity to change this state to another, more optimal, state. But change in the state can lead to instability of the system of systems when probabilistic estimation will fail or environmental condition are not in the form known from the past. Based on this analysis we expect to show, that system of systems, where the internal systems are using artificial intelligence, could be statistically stable only. Hereto such a system could create a threat, when the coupling among the individual systems will be weak leading to disbalance of all system or vice versa when the system is strongly coupled lead by one predominant artificial intelligence and in such a case showing the groupthinking effect.
Arduino-based system to identify sedentary behavior working in home office
Authors: G. Reyes-Zárate Gabriela , Pablo Castillo Sánchez Jan , Iván Solares Romero Pablo , González Cerón Ricardo , Nieto Gutiérrez Narvick
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 created the need for students to take classes from home. This situation led to a decrease in students’ dynamic activities and therefore by staying in the same posture for long periods of time, students can develop physical fatigue. According to ergonomic studies, short breaks during activities can benefit people’s health. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of implementing a break during a test within two student groups. For this study, a control group worked on a ninety-minute test without breaks. A second group included a five-minute break in between the test. To track the time a student remained sat, an Arduino-based device was used in the test group to notify the student when a break was needed. The study sample consisted of forty-two students working from home on an exam in May 2021 from which half the group was the control sample. During the break, students were allowed to perform physical exercises and stretching. After the test, students answered a qualitative questionnaire about their physical and emotional condition after the test. The results showed better physical and mental for students with a break during exams. Based on this information, the tracking device, and a defined set of breaks during several hours at a desk showed a benefit in people’s well-being. Further studies can continue to investigate appropriate resting times to improve working performance and health.
Internationalisation of Finnish Firms and Use of Digital Solutions
Authors: Zafar Afnan , Ahola Marja
Published: April 2022

Firms in Finland are experiencing an immense shortage of skilled workers, and one of the many ways to cope with this shortage is the internationalisation of firms. The starting point of internationalisation of the firm is the smooth induction process of foreign background employees in the firm and utilising digital solutions. This paper explores different ways firms use to enhance the employees’ induction process and promote internationalisation. The data has been collected from 36 firms from Finland in the interview form between 2020-2021. The collected data were analysed qualitatively and provided widespread information. This paper focuses on the induction and internationalisation side of data. The study explains digital solutions, orientation-training programs, promoting an inclusive work culture and background evaluations to enhance the induction process. The practical implication of this study is to provide guidelines and bases to develop further digital solutions for the induction process in Finnish firms.
Multimodal visual, auditory, thermal, and tactile feedback during Brain-Machine Interface use by a spinal cord injury patient
Authors: Paisv Carla , Gaspar Pedro , Poleri Tânia , Matos Demétrio , Azevedo Maria , Gago Miguel , Perrotta André , Vieira Miguel
Published: April 2022

Background: Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have the potential to replace and expand body functions, but also to induce neuroplasticity. In BMIs that include virtual reality and tactile feedback, it is thought that the underlying mechanism may be partially dependent on immersiveness (i.e., how “realistic” the environment is). It is not known however, if continuously increasing the number of simulation modalities with the goal of creating a more immersive environment may eventually lead to an overload of information and prevent BMI performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an spinal cord injury (SCI) patient in a BMI setup based on lower limb motor imagery (i.e., requiring the participant to modulate neural activity to control an avatar in complex virtual reality scenarios, while receiving coherent visual, auditory, tactile, and thermal feedback. Setting: Experiments took place in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department at the Hospital Senhora da Oliveira in Guimarães, Portugal.Methods: The participant was a 52-year-old male with an ASIA complete T4 SCI stabilized. The embodiment experiences were generated through a set up where the subject was required to generate lower limb motor imagery commands, while receiving multimodal feedback, delivered through a virtual reality headset (including goggles and headphones) combined with thermo-tactile feedback sleeves. Sessions were characterized by three different phases: habituation (hand control of avatar movement), acquisition (neural data acquired to train the neural network), and real-time decoding (neural signals decoded in real-time to control the avatar movements). Visual stimuli indicated whether the patient should think about “Walking” or “Not walking”. Results: In the sessions presented here, the participant consistently presented performances above chance levels. In a small number of sessions, where performances were closer to chance levels, the patient reported increased levels of stress due to variables not directly related to the experimental setup or design (work stress, personal problems, etc.). Unexpectedly, in a small number of sessions where the virtual scenario included water, the patient reported feeling his “legs cold”. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a spinal cord injury patient can control a brain-machine interface combining virtual reality (visual and auditory), tactile, and thermal feedback; supporting the notion that the increased number of feedback modalities did not generate an overload of information.
Framework for AI based UX: rethinking design process
Authors: Sharma Greeshma , Kumar Jyoti
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) posits an important question in the 21st century “How do we ensure that when there is a human in the loop — such as in complex or life-changing decision-making — they remain critical and meaningful, while creating and maintaining an enjoyable user experience?” We are still looking for answers as the world is changing at a faster pace beyond human cognitive limits, encouraging human-centered design to be upcoming social challenges in context to HCI’s engagement with AI systems. The present study addresses several challenges faced by designers while creating AI-based products that provide meaningful and relevant experiences to users. We review characteristics of unique experiences and propose a preliminary framework to design AI-driven experiences through a case study.
Developing an AI-based Coaching Chatbot: A Study on Disclosure as Effectiveness Factor in Human-Machine-Coaching
Authors: Mai Vanessa , Neef Caterina , Richert Anja
Published: April 2022

Coaching via chatbots can be classified as digital self-coaching. At TH Köln, an AI-based StudiCoachBot is currently being developed and implemented. The research focus is on investigating effectiveness factors in human-machine-coaching, especially in the working alliance. An interaction script for the coachbot was developed. The concept of self-disclosure was selected as an effectiveness factor, operationalized and its effectiveness compared to the self-developed concept of information disclosure. The use case is student coaching on the topic of exam anxiety. The Conversational AI Rasa was selected as a suitable system architecture. The effectiveness of the chatbot coaching was investigated in a study with ten students using a questionnaire. The results show that chatbot coaching is already well accepted in its current form. Information disclosure of a coachbot shows higher effectiveness in establishing a working alliance than self-disclosure of a chatbot. The study contributes to the effectiveness of digital self-coaching tools.
Digital Fusion Points for shared technological knowledge: Maintenance as a Balancing Action
Authors: Biagi Martina , Trivellin Eleonora
Published: April 2022

Analysis, research and comparison on the technological impact had a social level in the past, current and future generations. Project development for a digital maintenance laboratory dedicated to assisted autonomous repair by the citizen.Society is continually facing radical changes and mutations. In the last year, mainly due to the disorder created by the arrival of the global pandemic, the population has come closer to digital tools and moved away from direct, real and more alive human contact. The new condition has led to reconsidering the relationship with digital technology, and has brought out the weaknesses and criticalities that society still has today with regard to technologies and the digitization of services. Technological innovation and the ever-increasing speed with which change occurs have led to a radical transformation of the known world until now.Advanced robotics, artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain are just some of the factors that, combined and integrated with each other, are affecting the sphere of work, society as a whole, and everyone's daily life. Not everyone is ready to face this revolution, which is why the topic addressed concerns the difficulties encountered in relation to the use of new technologies by citizens. Technology and technostress are phenomena that affect not only mature generations but also young people and these factors affect their well-being. According to the numerous studies analyzed on the subject (starting from the thought of Rosen and Weil in the 1980s, up to Thorpe and Brosnan in their studies on phobic disorders) one of the most appropriate actions to improve the approach is those that can be defined hybrid psycho-digital spaces is a targeted action towards a technological education accessible to all that directly implements the education of technologies in a greater way, without barriers and obstacles, above all cognitive and psychic towards those who still feel and believe outside this technological sphere.The proposal is to create a hybrid space alternating between physical and virtual, shared and common, usable by every citizen where they can feel safe, understood and motivated in the use of digital tools and technologies. One of the points of the project will be in the deepening of "digital maintenance" and everything that entails, starting from the programmed obsolescence of electronic devices up to the assisted repair or self-repair directly by the citizen to abandon the economy of use and throws. The project development space will offer specific virtual and non-virtual services. It will be a support to the citizen in the context of neighborhood life by creating a connection between the inhabitants and the power of sharing knowledge in the technological field. The objectives will aim to make citizens aware of autonomous and possible maintenance for their digital devices, and therefore to reduce electronic waste to encourage a planned reuse of what they already own.
Communication and Digitization for Sustainable Events
Authors: Trivellin Eleonora
Published: April 2022

The project was born in the joint University-Businnes Communication design for Sustainability CDSlab laboratory.The trade fair and temporary events sector was one of the hardest hit by the pandemic. Many demonstrations were canceled in the presence with significant economic losses.Furthermore, in the last ten years the organization of fairs and events has transformed its nature and impact, becoming a field open to transformations and innovations.The first results of the implementation of a systemic project are presented which led to the creation of an app capable of interfacing with augmented reality and with beacons allowing to expand the physical, real world, with contents in digital format accessible on mobile devices and which wants to develop with the elaboration of a model and guidelines for the sustainable event.The project has the following aims: a) Digitization of contents (visitors): inside the app there are editorial contents useful for the visitor such as list of exhibitors, calendar of events, news, map, service information, contacts, etc. A geo-referenced push notification system allows you to communicate directly with the user based on your preferences. The proximity marketing activities are defined and developed on the basis of the specific analysis of the needs of the event. Creation of a heterogeneous database with data relating to the production of any type of waste, recyclable or not, and its own traceability.b) Control and security (exhibitor operators): The combination of profiling, electronic ticketing and proximity technologies makes it possible to monitor in a relatively precise manner the flows of inbound and outbound visitors, to trace the movements of users and measure residence times within specific areas (POI). In this way it is possible to manage flows and reorganize paths and spaces in order to guarantee social distancing and avoid the formation of crowds.c) Goods and data management (operators): reduce the length of mechanized routes of goods in and out of the event area, track the consumption of goods and waste production, dematerialization of media, analysis of incoming and outgoing data output for the creation of a model and guidelines applicable in different contexts.
Hand Gesture Recognition For Sign Language
Authors: Miral Kazmi Syeda
Published: April 2022

We have come to know a very genuine issue of sign language recognition, that problem being the issue of two-way communication i.e. between a normal person and deaf/dumb. Current sign language recognition applications lack basic characteristics which are very necessary for the interaction with the environment. Our project is focused on providing a portable and customizable solution for understanding sign language through an android app. The report summarizes the basic concepts and methods in creating this android application that uses gestures recognition to understand American sign language words. The project uses different image processing tools to separate the hand from the rest and then uses pattern recognition techniques for gesture recognition. A complete summary of the results obtained from the various tests performed is also provided to demonstrate the validity of the application.
Development of a non-contact method for the examination of emotional stability
Authors: Isaeva Oksana , Boronenko Yuri , Boronenko Marina , Zelensky Vladimir
Published: April 2022

Recently, the issue of extracting information about the emotions of people, including people who are under stress, with the help of video analytics, has become relevant. It is known that the change in GSR can reliably judge the presence of depression or a stress state [1], in which a person can pose a threat to himself or society. Since with an increase in skin conductivity as a result of stress, the sympathetic nervous system is involved, one of the signs indicating changes in the emotional state is mydriasis. The purpose of our work: the development of a non-contact method for the examination of emotional stability. To study the emotional stability of a person under the influence of external stress factors, a pupillographic module for registering changes in pupil size without infrared illumination was used; hardware-software complex “Ats-6”. During the experiment, the stimulus material was shown from the monitor screen. The stimulus material contained graphic information - images of the main stress factor of office workers - tedious routine paper work. Images that evoke pity were used as an additional stress factor. The experiments involved 60 volunteers (including the control group). Of these, 28 are female (46.7%), 32 are male (53.3%). The GSR and pupillograms of two groups of people were compared - students during the session and active office employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. An algorithm for processing and analyzing the received video files is presented. The SNR(dB) value for different types of eyes before and after processing the received video files changed as follows: for light eyes, the value increased from 5.4 dB to 13.9 dB; for brown eyes - from 3.4 dB to 9.4 dB; for "transparent" eyes - from 1.9 dB to 2.5 dB. Despite the small SNR, ImageJ allows for high-precision pupil contouring. Clustering of the pupillary response data of the participants made it possible to determine the most probable values ​​of µ, µ2 centroids. Checking the equality of the means µ, µ2 by the Friedman ANOVA method showed that at the level of 0.05 these two distributions differ significantly. Through correlation analysis, it was found that there is a strong relationship between GSR and the duration of pupil size increase in the control group (p=0.87). At the same time, for the group of students in which the pupillary reaction is stronger, the relationship with GSR is less (p=0.72). This can be explained by the prolonged stressful state of the participants in the control group (office workers). The results suggest that the participants in the control group have cognitive processes that allow them to control their emotional state. The results obtained can be useful for non-contact detection of a person's stress state through video analytics.
Modeling of the laminating machine based on ergonomic studies for the manufacture of marzipan handicrafts
Authors: Alvarez Sanchez Ana , Suàrez Del Villar Labastida Alexis , René Ango Venegas Anthony , Martinez Tocoronte Eric
Published: April 2022

The value that the human resource represents within any organization, appears as an essential element with a strategic direction that, together with a machine, opens the way to productive efficiency. The objective of this research was the modeling of a semi-automatic laminating machine that allows to increase the homogeneity of the dough, optimization of the times from 10 to 3 minutes, and reduction of efforts that the elderly craftsman made to reduce the thickness of the dough, which is then used to make marzipan handicrafts (figures) in the parish of Calderón, Quito -Ecuador. These handicrafts are made manually in the country, this art being part of the culture and tradition. The modeling was carried out in the Solid-Works Software for Windows and the ergonomic studies were carried out using the OWAS method (Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System) and the OCRA Check List, evaluating the risk of repetitive work, considering risk factors such as: repetitiveness that present Medium unacceptable risk , forced postures for sequential postures the level of risk is low, forces lifting the mass of 3 kg and the lack of breaks in the handling of the raw material because it cools down in about 15 minutes. It is feasible to use an adequate technology within this production process because it is designed with special attention to the cultural and economic aspects of the community of marzipan artisans.
Cognitive Model for Probability Density Distribution Uncertainty Visualization
Authors: Hu Ruoyu , Wang Xinyue , Wang Haiyan , Xue Chengqi
Published: April 2022

People often obtain information and make judgments with the help of systems and machines, but due to the uncertainty in the instrument, environment, and data processing, the judgments made by the system are not always correct. Blindly believing the results of the system's decision-making is very dangerous, so effective information exchange between the system and users is the prerequisite to ensure correct decision-making, and it is extremely important to convey the uncertain information of the system to users. Visualization is an important way to inform users of uncertain information. At present, many scholars have conducted research on how to express the uncertainty contained in data. Then whether users can effectively recognize and understand these visual graphics becomes an issues to be explored.What this article wants to explore is how people recognize and understand visualization for uncertainty. Only by understanding the way people interpret visualization can the visualization be optimized and the information exchange between the system and users can be better realized.In this paper, the user’s perception of probability under the triangular distribution is studied. A symmetric distribution model and two asymmetric models are used. In each distribution model, 13 test points are selected according to the true value of the probability density. The experiment is realized by Unity3D. In each trial, the positions of the distribution model and the test points appear randomly. The experiment describes the task of using remote sensing technology to recognize camouflage targets. The participants need to answer the probability that the target to be detected represented by the test point is the enemy's camouflage target.This paper verifies the effectiveness of using the brightness gradient to visualize the uncertainty, and this conclusion is consistent with the results of previous studies. At the same time, this paper proposes a fitting model of the user's internal probabilistic cognition and the visual expression of probability density. We found that when the participants used the triangular probability distribution information expressed by the brightness gradient to infer the probability that the test point is a camouflage target, this perceived probability has a strong linear correlation with the true value of the probability density corresponding to the point. Participants will give a probability prediction close to 1 at the test point with the lowest brightness, that is, the highest probability density, and a probability prediction close to 0 at the highest brightness point, that is, the lowest probability density point. Fitting based on the linear model can obtain the probabilistic cognitive model of the subjects for the visualized graph.This article provides a way to realize the communication of uncertainty information between the system and the user, and may contribute some help to the effectiveness and reliability of artificial intelligence.
Naturality and non-transparency of technology in the age of intelligent voice assistants
Authors: Kowalski Jaroslaw , Biele Cezary , Krzysztofek Kazimierz
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the psycho-social consequences of using voice assistants, based on a new look at the concept of the interface as a tool that allows the use of another tool. In analysing the history of interfaces and considering them in terms of naturalness (ease of use) and transparency (visibility and understandability to the user), it can be seen that they evolved in the direction of unnaturalness for a long time, but have again recently become more natural. One of the newest stages of this process are voice assistants. The popularization of them has significant potential to strengthen the competence and abilities of a human being. The barriers of technical ability will be weakened, and abilities and possibilities based on access to instant information will be strengthened. A user will become a super-empowered individual. At the same time, the new type of interface will gain new, unprecedented features. The price that was paid for making the technology natural is its extreme non-transparency (its obscurity, complexity and convoluted nature). It is to be expected that the amount of information about a user that an interface has will be growing. It will start a far-reaching asymmetry – where the interface is trained on a neural network and has the knowledge about millions of users at its disposal; it will know how to make is so that a particular user chooses what is in the interest of interface owner or to undertake a desired kind of action. In the modern world knowledge translates into power, and this will be the first time in history that we will be faced with a situation in which an apparatus standing behind an interface may gain an advantage over a user on such a scale. The non-transparency of this interface will cause users to understand their tool less and less, and in extreme cases the asymmetry in the relations may go so far that it will lead to a reversal of the tool-user relation. It will be a human being who is the tool used to attain a particular aim, a means to an end; the human being may become an extension of technology. A simple example is that of road traffic control in cities – an application showing traffic density and navigating to destination. A driver relies here on information received by the system. He has to trust that a certain road is the most effective. It is enough for the application to have a different aim (e.g. directing the traffic so there are no accidents) for the user’s aim (get somewhere as fast as possible) and that of the application owner to have diverged, and that the human being has become a tool in helping the system achieve the aim. Thus, this situation serve as yet another example of Postman’s “invisible technology’’ , something that we do not see, and which is supposed to be neutral by definition. However, as Martin Heidegger noted, many technologies have the greatest impact on us when they are perceived as neutral.
The Effects of Visual or Auditory Interruption on Task Performance - Combination of Behavior Data and Eye Movement Analysis
Authors: Jing Huimei , Du Xiaoxi , Zhou Xiaozhou , Xue Chengqi
Published: April 2022

Interruptions are prevalent phenomena in complex human-computer interaction. And various studies have proved that interruptions have negative effects on user performance. Therefore, study on the law of interruption in the field of human-computer interaction has certain guiding significance of enhancing working efficiency. Our study examined the effects of interruption modality (visual or auditory) on performance of primary task (visual) and interruption task itself to determine which modality was less disruptive. An experiment was carried out to explore the difference between two interruption modalities. The results demonstrated that different interruption modalities caused similar disruptive effects on performance of primary task, but auditory modality was more disruptive than visual modality on performance of interruption task. Our findings indicated that intra-modal interruption was a better way than cross-modal interruption in visual primary task.
Speech + Posture: A Method for Interaction with Multiple and Large Interactive Displays
Authors: Du Xiaoxi , Jia Lesong , Xiao Weiye , Zhou Xiaozhou , Tong Mu , Wu Jinchun , Xue Chengqi
Published: April 2022

Multiple or Large displays play an important role in collaboration scenarios, because they can provide more display space. However, they are challenging concerning effective manipulating and managing the display contents, particularly when the displays are beyond the users' reachable region and operational limit region. In this work, we explore a particular interactive input combination for multiple or large displays, the Speech + Posture interactive input mode. We integrate postures to point to target display areas and phonetic keywords to designate display contents. This method makes interactive input commands concise and explicit, and it can support interaction with multiple or large interactive displays effectively.
Generative Adversarial Network Algorithms in Art: Data Video
Authors: Man Tin Lai
Published: April 2022

The recent development of machine learning to synthesize the dataset and manipulate images into new works of art, bringing essential changes in visual art and the method of art creation. The paper aims at applying the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to the new media art in particular the image generation and video synthesis through latent space interpolation, through the indirect training in GAN to process a series of still images as the dataset, the generated work presents the ability of machine algorithms in learning and processing the image creation, as well as the next stage of machine-made art. The generated images through latent space interpolation are the artificial imitation among the images by the machine, indicating a new form of image interpretation and representation where human’s intervention in art creation is restricted in the pre-data selection and post-data appreciation.
Ambient Theory for Smart Cities: Is it a Good Theory?
Authors: Patricia Mckenna H.
Published: April 2022

This paper provides an evaluation of ambient theory for smart cities, based on a review of the research literature focusing on key criteria for “good theory.” The literature review is interdisciplinary in nature and a brief overview of ambient theory is provided across several domains including rhetoric, architecture, and smart cities. Ambient theory, as applied to date in the context of smart cities and environments, is evaluated in relation to criteria identified, describes, and employed by other researchers. A mix of “good theory” elements, drawn from a variety of researchers, forms the basis for consideration and evaluation of ambient theory for smart cities. Findings provide a promising outcome and a rich and vibrant space for research and practice is identified in this paper, available now for inquiry, debate, evaluation, further testing and validation, contestation, development, refinement, and expansion.
Icon Similarity Algorithm Based on Skeleton Comparison
Authors: Shan Huang , Wang Haiyan , Xue Chengqi , Shuang Xia
Published: April 2022

Icon plays an crucial role in infographics, which additionally carries essential functions in the human-computer graphical user interface (GUI). However, too similar icon is easy to trigger confusion in the process of using. In this paper, we explored the use of the cognitive rules from global to local based on the theory of topological perception, and built a computational discrimination tool from the human perception to describe similarity. Screening out icons that are too similar is the primary purpose of this research to avoid errors in use. We utilized skeleton algorithm to extract the global features of icons. The optimal subsequence bijection and Hungarian algorithm were used to compare the global skeleton of the icon. Accordingly, the similarity between the icons was calculated. To verify the proposed algorithm, we conducted a subjective cognitive experiment. Participants were asked to rank the similarity of the experimental materials and compare the results with the calculation outcomes. Results demonstrate that the proposed calculation methodology based on skeleton comparison is close to the subjective cognition, which can effectively describe the human perception of icon similarity.
Industrial Perspectives on Government Open Data Strategy Effectiveness
Authors: Mohamed Mona
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this paper is to impart new insights into the factors influencing the effectiveness of Open government data (OGD) strategy and build a predictive model for promoting strategy effectiveness. In the realm of OGD, presently, there is no de facto standardized strategy framework for the government to create open data in response to users’ needs and there is no predictive model that can be used to forecast the OGD effective strategy. Fifteen factors from four themes that shape the OGD strategy were prudently chosen from the literature and included in a survey distributed to the OGD users in the private sector in the US. The four themes identified from the literature are: data quality, technical standards, capacity building and measurements and maturity modeling. Then the most effective factors from these four themes are selected to build a mixed model for the prediction of OGD strategy. Overall, the effect of the models from the individual four themes were found to have significant impact on the effectiveness of the OGD strategy. Where there are only five factors from these four themes are found to have significant impact on strategy effectiveness and used to develop a predictive five-factor model. These results set the scene for the government to direct its resources to the concomitant barriers and the most effective TTPs. These observations should be considered when building new OGD strategy. The development of such model is critical for remediating OGD formidable challenges that are continually changing due to the inherit dynamism in the policies associated with the OGD.
Investigating users’ color perception in optical see-through augmented reality:The Effect of ambient light on interface color
Authors: Cao Yuan , Zhou Xiaozhou
Published: April 2022

The light perceived by users in optical see-through augmented reality (AR) comes from the mixed light of the real-world and AR devices, so the AR interface elements will be affected by the real-world light, which may lead to the color distortion of virtual graphics. This paper focuses on the user's perception of AR interface color and the influence of ambient light on AR graphics color. We conducted a user behavior study and recruited 18 participants to observe eight AR colors under three ambient illuminations through Microsoft HoloLens. Participants need to complete the color matching task, and match the color perceived in AR with the palette rendered on iPad. Our analysis shows that red and yellow are relatively stable in AR, and the perception difference between participants in these two-color regions is small; In addition, we also found that the ambient light intensity only affects a few colors, such as blue and purple, but has little effect on most colors. This study can provide a reference for the design of AR interface color coding.
Improvement of Robot Service Route
Authors: He Zih-Ling , Cheng Jui-Hung , Shen Jia-Hong , Hsueh Yu-Xuan
Published: April 2022

With the development of intelligent robots in modern society, the application of robots has speedily spread from industry to service industry and enhance the quality and convenience of life. However, when practically applied in restaurants or coffee shops, it is easy to meet problems, including overlong delivery time, wrong location, challenging setting, etc. Most service robots adopt SLAM technology, which is for localization and map construction simultaneously. This research explores optimizing the service robot's time and space axis parameters using ZENBO Robot in experiments. Furthermore, through 6σ architecture to refine by the Taguchi method to optimize SLAM technology and the time axis parameter of the user interface. In the actual use situation, experiments with other impact factors to improve UI/UX problems to make the service robot minimize error when advancing. After improvement, the UI/UX of the service robot has improved. Moreover, the delivery time is improved by 47%, accuracy and stability are improved by 65%, and it provided users with simplified setting steps and the environment's best parameters. This research proves that using the Taguchi method can effectively improve the performance of service robots in actual applications.Keywords: Service Robot · SLAM · UI/UX · Taguchi method