bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Film as a pedagogical tool for climate change and mental health nursing education
Authors: Abebe Natania , Bailey Elisabeth , Radu Raluca
Published: September 2023

The relationship between climate change and worsening mental health is of increasing concern globally. Climate change is ubiquitous, yet marginalized populations bear a disproportionate burden of the physical and mental health impacts, while youth are more likely to report mental health concerns related to climate change than older generations. Mental health nurses will inevitably see these impacts play out in their practice, thus it is important to explore innovative tools for teaching about and responding to the emotional and psychological impacts of climate change. This perspective paper presents an educational project that utilized film and structured reflection to engage with the intersecting topics of planetary and mental health. The authors created a documentary film that presents the relationship between mental health and climate change as well as an accompanying reflective toolkit. Both the film and toolkit were integrated into an undergraduate course about the health impacts of climate change. This paper explores the relevance of climate change to mental health nursing education and practice, describes the process of creating and integrating the film and toolkit into a course and advances the position that film is an innovative way to engage individuals and communities (such as student or community groups) with the emotional and psychological concerns that arise in response to complex challenges of climate change. More research is needed to better understand the mental health impacts of climate change and to explore novel approaches to education and advocacy about this topic. We hope that sharing our project and experiences will inspire additional discussion and research related to these emerging issues that are of great relevance to mental health nursing.
Inclusive Signs: A Teaching and Learning Toolkit to Generate Inclusive Meta‐Design Concepts
Authors: Rossi Emilio
Published: September 2023

The value introduced by informed teaching practices on Design for Social Inclusion is becoming widely accepted by many Design programmes worldwide, though students frequently struggle to propose novel concepts and design ideas from which to develop inclusive solutions. Both teachers and students often employ stereotyped concepts that ultimately lead them to propose ‘disabling solutions’. This inevitably brings emphasis on the urgency to equip students with original tools through which to design meaningful inclusive artefacts. This article presents ‘Inclusive Signs’, an innovative toolkit for students of Design programmes interested in making innovative solutions that adhere the Social Inclusion's key vision and broader concept. Tests carried out in university contexts with groups of students and designers resulted in an innovative range of inclusive ideas and projects showing the potential to include the toolkit within innovative teaching practices. Therefore, the toolkit easily allows students of Design programmes to get more awareness on how to develop original design processes and ideas closely linked to Social Inclusion.
Differences between migrasome, a ‘new organelle’, and exosome
Authors: Xu Xuebing , Wu Tong , Lin Renjie , Zhu Shengze , Ji Jie , Jin Dandan , Huang Mengxiang , Zheng Wenjie , Ni Wenkai , Jiang Feng , Xuan Shihai , Xiao Mingbing
Published: September 2023

The migrasome is a new organelle discovered by Professor Yu Li in 2015. When cells migrate, the membranous organelles that appear at the end of the retraction fibres are migrasomes. With the migration of cells, the retraction fibres which connect migrasomes and cells finally break. The migrasomes detach from the cell and are released into the extracellular space or directly absorbed by the recipient cell. The cytoplasmic contents are first transported to the migrasome and then released from the cell through the migrasome. This release mechanism, which depends on cell migration, is named ‘migracytosis’. The main components of the migrasome are extracellular vesicles after they leave the cell, which are easy to remind people of the current hot topic of exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles wrapped by the lipid bimolecular layer. With extensive research, exosomes have solved many disease problems. This review summarizes the differences between migrasomes and exosomes in size, composition, property and function, extraction method and regulation mechanism for generation and release. At the same time, it also prospects for the current hotspot of migrasomes, hoping to provide literature support for further research on the generation and release mechanism of migrasomes and their clinical application in the future.
Antibiotic prophylaxis dysregulates dental implant placement surgery‐induced osteoimmune wound healing and attenuates the alveolar bone–implant interface in mice
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Pishevar Novin , Cochrane Leonard J. , Reynolds Andrew , Kim Joseph , Korostenskij Ivan , Geiser Vincenza L. , Carson Matthew D. , Warner Amy J. , Chen Peng , Yao Hai , Alekseyenko Alexander , Hathaway‐Schrader Jessica D. , Novince Chad M.
Published: September 2023

Aim

Antimicrobial‐induced shifts in commensal oral microbiota can dysregulate helper T‐cell oral immunity to affect osteoclast–osteoblast actions in alveolar bone. Antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly performed with dental implant placement surgery to prevent post‐surgical complications. However, antibiotic prophylaxis effects on osteoimmune processes supporting dental implant osseointegration are unknown. The aim of the study was to discern the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on dental implant placement surgery‐induced osteoimmune wound healing and osseointegration.

Materials and Methods

We performed SHAM or dental implant placement surgery in mice. Groups were administered prophylactic antibiotics (amoxicillin or clindamycin) or vehicle. Gingival bacteriome was assessed via 16S sequencing. Helper T‐cell oral immunity was evaluated by flow cytometry. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were assessed via histomorphometry. Implant osseointegration was evaluated by micro‐computed tomography.

Results

Dental implant placement surgery up‐regulated TH1, TH2 and TREG cells in cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), which infers helper T‐cell oral immunity contributes to dental implant placement osseous wound healing. Prophylactic antibiotics with dental implant placement surgery caused a bacterial dysbiosis, suppressed TH1, TH2 and TREG cells in CLNs, reduced osteoclasts and osteoblasts lining peri‐implant alveolar bone, and attenuated the alveolar bone–implant interface.

Conclusions

Antibiotic prophylaxis dysregulates dental implant placement surgery‐induced osteoimmune wound healing and attenuates the alveolar bone–implant interface in mice.
Safety and security in family life: Experiences of involuntary dislocation
Authors: Vetere Arlene , Shimwell Karen
Published: September 2023

Safety and security is at the heart of expectations of family life. Or is it? When Russia invaded Ukraine, it unleashed another massive movement of peoples in search of safety, fleeing from a lack of security, and forced to leave behind other loved ones, such as husbands, partners, fathers, and grandparents. Many countries, including the United Kingdom, offered to host dislocated Ukrainian mothers and their children as guests in family homes. The UK Government launched the “Homes for Ukraine” scheme in March 2022. The hosts need to be able to offer a spare room or a home for at least 6 months. The Government makes monthly thank you payments to the hosts to help continue their sponsorship of their Ukrainian guests. The matching of hosts and guests is carried out at the local government level with a visit to the host property to ensure it meets the required standard and also the safeguarding “disclosure and barring service” check. In June 2023, over 100,000 Ukrainian families are in the scheme. This recent and well‐intentioned social experiment in guesting and hosting has brought forth both predictable and unforeseen consequences, and a re‐visioning of the meaning and practice of family and family life. In this article, the authors explore some of the reported experiences of guests and hosts to examine what is meant by family, and what helps to create a felt sense of safety in family relationships.
Factors associated with risk of falling among younger inpatients in a mental health setting—A systematic review
Authors: Ngune Irene , Ang Seng Giap Marcus , Nadew Gelaye , Saunders Rosemary
Published: September 2023

Aim

To synthesise evidence related to risk factors of falls among younger mental health inpatients age ≤65 years old.

Background

Hospitalised patients with mental illness are at increased risk of falling. Specific risk factors for falls for younger inpatients are poorly understood.

Design

Systematic review.

Methods

Medline, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for studies published in English till December 2022. The review followed the 2020 PRISMA checklist. Odds ratios and P values of significant risk fall factors and the frequency of factors related to circumstances of falls were extracted.

Results

Nine studies were included and 95 risk factors, across seven categories were extracted. These categories included socio‐demographic, fall‐related factors, functional status, health and mental status, psychiatric diagnosis and assessment, medication, and staff related factors. Factors related to medication, health and mental status are most reported. Majority of the patients sustained minor or no injury from the fall and circumstances of fall vary across studies.

Conclusion

Factors strongly associated with risk of falls were dizziness, use of psychotropics and antihypertensive drugs. A meta‐analysis of risk factors was not possible due to different dependent variables studied, controlled confounding variables and control groups used.

Relevance to clinical practice

Fall prevention is relevant to all patients in mental health settings. Approaches to fall risk assessment and management need to be better tailored to younger mental health patients in the psychiatric setting.

Patient and public contribution

Patient or public contribution was not possible because of the study design.
Relationship between emotional intelligence and job stressors of psychiatric nurses: A multi‐centre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Shou‐juan , Wang Qiong‐nan , She Juan , Zhang Yan‐hong , Xu Hua
Published: September 2023

Aim

To investigate the impact of socio‐demographic factors and job stressors on the emotional intelligence of psychiatric nurses.

Background

Emotional intelligence plays a crucial role in enabling nurses to effectively manage their own emotions, comprehend the emotions of others and assist individuals in dealing with diverse stressors. Nevertheless, a comprehensive conceptualization of the relationship between job stressors and emotional intelligence remains lacking.

Design

This study employs a multi‐centre cross‐sectional design.

Methods

A multi‐centre cross‐sectional survey involving 1083 registered nurses from 11 psychiatric hospitals across four provinces in China was conducted. Non‐probability sampling was utilised. The survey encompassed assessments of nurse job stressors, emotional intelligence using a scale and socio‐demographic characteristics using a questionnaire. A multiple linear regression model was applied to identify significant variables associated with emotional intelligence based on demographic attributes and various nurse job stressors. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist.

Results

The findings revealed a noteworthy negative correlation between nurse job stressors and emotional intelligence. Socio‐demographic factors and job stressors of certain nurses were able to predict emotional intelligence and its dimensions among psychiatric nurses, with percentages of 44.50%, 40.10%, 36.40%, 36.60% and 34.60%.

Conclusion

Providing emotional intelligence training for psychiatric nurses could enhance their capacity to cope effectively with workplace stress, particularly among younger nurses who engage in limited physical activities.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and nurse job stressors could facilitate early detection and intervention by managers based on pertinent factors. This, in turn, could elevate the emotional intelligence level of psychiatric nurses.

No Patient or Public Contribution

This study did not recruit participants, so details of participants were not be involved.
The Charlotte Large artery occlusion Endovascular therapy Outcome Score predicts independent outcome after thrombectomy
Authors: Karamchandani Rahul R. , Satyanarayana Sagar , Yang Hongmei , Strong Dale , Rhoten Jeremy B. , Clemente Jonathan D. , Defilipp Gary , Patel Nikhil M. , Bernard Joe D. , Stetler William R. , Parish Jonathan M. , Guzik Amy K. , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Helms Anna Maria , Macko Lauren , Williams Laura , Retelski Julia , Asimos Andrew W.
Published: September 2023

Background and Purpose

Predicting functional outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is of interest to patients and families as they navigate hospital and post‐acute care decision‐making. We evaluated the prognostic ability of several scales to predict good neurological function after EVT.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed records from a health system's code stroke registry, including consecutive successful thrombectomy patients from August 2020 to February 2023 presenting with an anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who were evaluated with pre‐EVT CT perfusion. Primary and secondary outcomes were 90‐day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores 0‐2 and 0‐1, respectively. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the ability of each scale to predict the outcomes. Scales were compared by calculating the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

A total of 465 patients (mean age 68.1 [±14.9] years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] 16 [11‐21]) met inclusion criteria. In the logistic regression, the Charlotte Large artery occlusion Endovascular therapy Outcome Score (CLEOS), Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events, Houston Intra‐Arterial Therapy‐2, Pittsburgh Response to Endovascular therapy, and Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIHSS were significant in predicting the primary and secondary outcomes. CLEOS was superior to all other scales in predicting 90‐day mRS 0‐2 (AUC .75, 95% confidence interval [CI] .70‐.80) and mRS 0‐1 (AUC .74, 95% CI .69‐.78). Twenty of 22 patients (90.9%) with CLEOS <315 had 90‐day mRS 0‐2.

Conclusions

CLEOS predicts independent and excellent neurological function after anterior circulation EVT.
The impact of print orientation on the fracture resistance and failure patterns of additively manufactured cobalt‐chromium post and cores
Authors: Kalyoncuoğlu Ülkü Tuğba , Ayyıldız Simel , Odabasi Tezer Emine
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the print orientation of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) posts and cores on the fracture resistance and failure patterns of endodontically treated mandibular premolar teeth.

Materials and Methods

Sixty intact human mandibular premolars were endodontically treated. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups (n = 15). Cobalt‐chromium (Co‐Cr) metal posts were fabricated by traditional casting (Group C), and DMLS method in 0‐, 45‐, and 90‐degree print orientations (Group DMLS 0, Group DMLS 45, and Group DMLS 90). The posts and cores were cemented with composite resin cement and subjected to compression test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data was analyzed by using one‐way analysis of variance ANOVA and multiple comparison post hoc Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Specimens were viewed under a stereo microscope with x20 magnification to evaluate the fracture types.

Results

No significant differences were found among the groups tested in terms of fracture resistance (p > 0.05). Group C and Group DMLS 0 group exhibited similar fracture patterns.

Conclusions

It is possible to produce post and core restorations with the DMLS technique and use them clinically.  Print orientation did not influence the fracture resistance. However, fracture patterns were different. Group C outperformed all DMLS groups in terms of fracture patterns.
Psychological change before and after religious conversion and deconversion
Authors: Bleidorn Wiebke , Lenhausen Madeline R. , Schwaba Ted , Hopwood Christopher J.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Theory and anecdotal evidence suggest that people undergo psychological changes before and after religious conversion and deconversion. Yet, existing research provided inconclusive evidence. Here, we examined psychological change before, during, and after institutional conversion and deconversion in a large‐scale longitudinal study.

Method

We used 11‐wave longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Dutch adults (N ~ 20,000) to assess changes in religious beliefs and practices, personality traits, and well‐being before, during, and after conversion to and deconversion from Christianity.

Results

Converts (N = 181) increased in service attendance and prayer, but not in their belief in God, as they approached conversion. Deconverts (N = 450) declined in religious beliefs and practices before, during, and after deconversion. In terms of personality, converts displayed small, unexpected declines in emotional stability, extraversion, and agreeableness at time of conversion. Deconverts declined in agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness at time of deconversion. Neither group showed changes in their well‐being.

Conclusion

The present findings suggest that psychological changes during religious conversion and deconversion are generally small and mostly manifest as changes in people's religious beliefs and practices. Findings are discussed in the context of person‐religion fit, meaning‐making, and sociocultural motive perspectives on religious change.
Volunteering as prosocial behaviour by medical students following a flooding disaster and impacts on their mental health: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Bailie Jodie , Reed Krista , Matthews Veronica , Scott Karen M. , Ahern Christine , Bailie Ross
Published: September 2023

Background

Volunteering is a form of prosocial behaviour that has a been recognised as having positive benefits for medical students. However, there is a lack of research on what influences students to volunteer during and after weather‐related disasters. Our study (1) explores factors related to medical students' willingness and readiness to volunteer, and (2) describes mental health impacts of the flood events on students.

Methods

We conducted a mixed‐methods study of medical students on rural clinical placements in a regional area of Australia, 2 to 6 weeks after two major flooding events in 2022. Data were collected through survey and focus groups. Summary statistics were generated from the survey data, and Fisher's exact test was used to determine associations between student experience of the flood and self‐rated well‐being. Qualitative data were deductively analysed using Byrne and colleagues' theory of prosocial behaviour during an emergency.

Results

The 36 students who participated in focus groups (including the 34 who completed the survey) (response rates 84% and 79%, respectively) demonstrated high levels of prosocial behaviours and were willing to volunteer. A sense of moral obligation was the primary reason for volunteering, whereas concerns for their physical and psychological safety, and missing key aspects of their training, were the strongest reasons for not continuing to volunteer. Students reported personal stress, anxiety and trauma during this period, with significant associations between self‐rated impacts on their well‐being and feelings of being terrified, helpless and hopeless during the flooding events and of still being distressed weeks later (p < .05).

Conclusions

This study expands on prosocial behaviour theory by applying Byrne and colleagues elaborated model in the context of medical student volunteering during the 2022 major flooding events in Australia. Modifiable barriers to prosocial behaviour are identified along with proposed strategies to address these barriers.
Thinking outside the F‐box: how UFO controls angiosperm development
Authors: Rieu Philippe , Arnoux‐Courseaux Moïra , Tichtinsky Gabrielle , Parcy François
Published: September 2023

The formation of inflorescences and flowers is essential for the successful reproduction of angiosperms. In the past few decades, genetic studies have identified the LEAFY transcription factor and the UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) F‐box protein as two major regulators of flower development in a broad range of angiosperm species. Recent research has revealed that UFO acts as a transcriptional cofactor, redirecting the LEAFY floral regulator to novel cis‐elements. In this review, we summarize the various roles of UFO across species, analyze past results in light of new discoveries and highlight the key questions that remain to be solved.
The MOTION study: Two‐year results of a real‐world randomized controlled trial of the mild® procedure for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Deer Timothy R. , Chafin Timothy B. , Costandi Shrif J. , Qu Huaguang , Kim Christopher , Jassal Navdeep , Patel Kiran , Calodney Aaron
Published: September 2023

Objective

The MOTION study is designed to measure the impact of percutaneous image‐guided lumbar decompression as a first‐line therapy on patients otherwise receiving real‐world conventional medical management for lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication secondary to hypertrophic ligamentum flavum. This prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial uses objective and patient‐reported outcome measures to compare the combination of the mild® percutaneous treatment and nonsurgical conventional medical management (CMM) to CMM‐Alone.

Methods

Test group patients received the mild procedure after study enrollment. Test and control groups were allowed conventional conservative therapies and low‐risk interventional therapies as recommended by their physicians. Subjective outcomes included the Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire. Objective outcomes included a validated Walking Tolerance Test, the rate of subsequent lumbar spine interventions, and safety data.

Results

Two‐year follow‐up included 64 mild + CMM and 67 CMM‐Alone patients. All outcome measures showed significant improvement from baseline for mild + CMM, whereas the majority of CMM‐Alone patients had elected to receive mild treatment or other lumbar spine interventions by 2 years, precluding valid 2‐year between‐group comparisons. Neither group reported any device‐ or procedure‐related adverse events.

Conclusions

The durability of mild + CMM for this patient population was demonstrated for all efficacy outcomes through 2 years. Improvements in walking time from baseline to 2 years for patients treated with mild + CMM were significant and substantial. The lack of reported device or procedure‐related adverse events reinforces the strong safety profile of the mild procedure. These results provide support for early interventional treatment of symptomatic LSS with the mild procedure.
Mental health comorbidity in youth with atopic dermatitis: A narrative review of possible mechanisms
Authors: Radtke Sarah , Grossberg Anna L. , Wan Joy
Published: September 2023

The presence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in youth has been linked to a variety of mental health concerns including disruptive behavior, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and diagnoses of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. However, the factors accounting for these relationships are not well understood. The current review summarizes possible mechanisms identified in previous research and highlights areas for future investigation. Among the primary mechanisms studied to date, child sleep is the only factor that has been characterized in relative detail, with findings generally supporting the mediating role of sleep problems in the relationship between AD and psychological symptoms. There is substantial evidence suggesting a negative impact of child AD on parent mental health and the impact of parent mental health on child psychological functioning, although the latter has not been assessed specifically in populations of children with AD. There is also preliminary support for other mechanisms, including pruritus and pain, atopic comorbidities, social functioning, and systemic antihistamine use, in the development of mental health concerns in pediatric AD. Furthermore, research suggests the presence of bidirectional relationships between AD and psychological functioning via inflammatory responses to stress and impaired treatment adherence. Overall, significant additional research is needed to better characterize the nature and magnitude of the relationships among these multiple mechanisms and various psychosocial outcomes. Nevertheless, the findings to date support routine screening of psychological health in patients with AD as well as screening for potential risk factors, which may also serve as targets of therapeutic intervention.
Reasons, attenuators, and virtue: A novel account of pragmatic encroachment
Authors: Schmidt Eva
Published: September 2023

In this paper, I explicate pragmatic encroachment by appealing to pragmatic considerations attenuating, or weakening, epistemic reasons to believe. I call this the ‘Attenuators View’. I will show that this proposal is better than spelling out pragmatic encroachment in terms of reasons against believing – what I call the ‘Reasons View’. While both views do equally well when it comes to providing a plausible mechanism of how pragmatic encroachment works, the Attenuators View does a better job distinguishing practical and epistemic reasons to believe. First, this view does not appeal to the costs of believing falsely as reasons against believing; second, because of this, it does not run the risk of tearing down the wall between practical and epistemic reasons bearing on belief. I underpin the Attenuators View with a virtue‐theoretic account of how pragmatic encroachment attenuates epistemic reasons and close my discussion by considering some objections against such a view.
Genetic diversity of an effector gene, AvrPi9, of rice blast pathogen in Thailand and characterization of its promoter
Authors: Damchuay Katanyutita , Hemsart Siwaporn , Longya Apinya , Leetanasaksakul Kantinan , Kim Ki‐Tae , Chung Hyunjung , Lim You‐Jin , Yoon Yoon‐Ju , Lee Yong‐Hwan , Toojinda Theerayut , Jantasuriyarat Chatchawan
Published: September 2023

Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases of rice and is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The disease causes enormous yield losses in rice production worldwide. The rice blast fungus delivers effector proteins into rice cells. The effector proteins play an essential role in fungal virulence by manipulating and controlling host cellular pathways and inhibiting host immune responses to enhance pathogenicity. An effector gene, AvrPi9, which corresponds to the resistance gene Pi9, was cloned and characterized. However, a regulatory molecular mechanism for AvrPi9 gene expression has not been determined. In this study, the genetic variation of the AvrPi9 and its promoter function were characterized. The results showed that 98% (116/118) of the samples carried the AvrPi9 gene without any sequence variation, whilst two isolates, 10576 from Kalasin and NYK56003 from Nakhon Nayok, lacked the AvrPi9 gene. A homeobox domain‐containing protein (MoHOX6) was identified as a candidate transcription factor. The AvrPi9 gene expression was delayed in the MoHOX6 knockout mutant. Moreover, the AvrPi9 promoter was able to drive the expression of a luciferase gene in rice protoplasts. This study provides the first insight into the function and regulation of the AvrPi9 promoter of rice blast fungus.
Foliar melatonin ameliorates drought‐induced alterations in enzyme activities of sugar and nitrogen metabolisms in cotton leaves
Authors: Khattak Wajid Ali , He Jiaqi , Sun Jianfan , Ali Iftikhar , Bilal Wasim , Zahoor  , Khan Khalid Ali , Wang Youhua , Zhou Zhiguo
Published: September 2023

Sugar and nitrogen metabolisms help plants maintain cellular homeostasis, stress tolerance, and sustainable growth in drought conditions. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and signaling molecule, appears to mitigate the negative impacts of drought on plants. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of foliar‐applied melatonin in ameliorating drought‐induced alterations in leaf sugar and nitrogen metabolisms' enzyme activities during cotton flowering and boll formation. To date, no study has examined drought‐induced sugar and nitrogen metabolisms' enzyme activity changes in cotton treated with foliar melatonin. Drought levels (FC1 = 75 ± 5%, FC2 = 60 ± 5%, and FC3 = 45 ± 5%) were maintained between 3 and 35 days after flowering (DAF), and melatonin (M) concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μmol L−1) were applied at 3 and 21 DAF in a completely randomized design. M100 concentrations at low FC levels significantly enhanced leaf sugar and N‐metabolic enzyme activities, such as sucrose synthase (65.56%) and glutamine synthetase (55.24%), compared to plants not treated with melatonin; peaking between 7 and 21 DAF and declining gradually with crop growth. Moreover, the M100 concentrations at all FC levels, particularly FC3, significantly increased the relative expression of GhSusB, GhSusC, SPS1, and SPS3 genes, indicating that melatonin improves leaf sugar and N‐metabolism enzymatic activities under drought stress. Therefore, applying M100 concentrations to cotton foliage under FC3 conditions during reproductive stages improves leaf water status, sugar, and N‐metabolism enzyme activities, demonstrating melatonin's potent anti‐stress, osmoregulatory, and growth‐promoting properties in overcoming drought stress in cotton crops. Future research into the molecular mechanisms of melatonin‐mediated sugar and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities in cotton leaves may lead to biotechnological methods to improve drought resilience in cotton and other crops.
The influence of instructions on reversing the generalization of valence, US expectancy, and electrodermal responding in fear conditioning
Authors: Patterson Rachel R. , Lipp Ottmar V. , Luck Camilla C.
Published: September 2023

Pairing a conditional stimulus (CS) with an aversive unconditional stimulus (US) causes negative valence and US expectancy to generalize to stimuli that are perceptually and/or conceptually similar to the CS. Past research has shown that instructing participants that the US is more likely to follow stimuli that are dissimilar to the CS reversed the generalization of US expectancy but left generalized valence unchanged. Here, we examined whether instructions about the relationship between stimuli that are perceptually similar would affect the generalization of valence. A picture of an alien (CS+) was paired with an electric stimulus, while a perceptually different alien stimulus (CS–) was presented alone. After conditioning, valence, US expectancy, and electrodermal responses generalized to different aliens that were perceptually similar (by color and shape) to the CS+ and CS–. Participants were then instructed that aliens perceptually similar to the CS+ belonged to the same group as the CS‐ and that aliens perceptually similar to the CS– belonged to the same group as the CS+. The instructions caused an elimination (but not a reversal) of generalized expectancy and valence but did not affect generalized electrodermal responses. This suggests that evaluations of generalization stimuli are sensitive to instructions about their relationship to the CS and that dissociations reported in the literature between valence and expectancy after instructions may occur due to the type of instruction used.
Gazing at the Venetian hub from a paratextual lens: An introduction
Authors: Crocco Claudia , Katinis Teodoro
Published: September 2023

This introductory article presents the framework and contributions of the special issue Paratexts, Dissemination, and Book Market in Early Modern Venice (1500‐1650). This volume aims to shed a new light on the publishing activity of poligrafi and other figures operating in Venice and its area of cultural influence. In this context, the use of paratexts simultaneously serves to disseminate knowledge, portray self‐fashioning strategies, and respond attentively to the market's and readers' needs. This collection of essays highlights how paratexts can provide valuable insights for analyses grounded in different disciplines and methodologies. Indeed, the present issue brings together studies that examine paratexts from a literary, historical‐cultural, and linguistic perspective. The authors explore aspects of early modern culture that are relevant but still neglected in modern scholarship and thereby advance our understanding of writing and publishing as a complex modality of cultural exchange from the Cinquecento to the beginning of the Seicento.
Social protection for mobile populations? A global perspective on immigrant social rights
Authors: Römer Friederike , Henninger Jakob , Harris Eloisa
Published: September 2023

While a growing body of work investigates the social rights of immigrants, there is a notable lack of comparative research on the topic that includes countries in the Global South. In this paper we argue that existing approaches often lack reproducibility, comparability, and adaptability beyond the cases that they focus on. To remedy this shortcoming, we propose a three‐dimensional conceptualization of immigrant social rights that takes into account differences between legal categories of migrants, between types of welfare benefits, and between types of restrictions. Applying this conceptualization, we offer the Immigrant Social Rights Dataset (ImmigSR), a set of quantitative comparative measures of de jure immigrant social rights covering 39 countries in Europe, Latin America, North America, Oceania and Southeast Asia for the years 1980–2018. Our analyses show commonalities as well as differences between world regions. Rights are more inclusive in the Global North than in the Global South. There is however a slight trend towards convergence, with rights retrenchment in the North and expansions in the South. Across all regions, temporary migrant workers and asylum seekers are the groups that are granted the least comprehensive set of rights. Depending on the dimension that is taken into focus, there are however also more nuanced intra‐regional differences. The findings confirm the usefulness of a multi‐dimensional conceptual approach to measuring immigrant social rights in a diverse set of cases.
Clinical evidence of 595 nm pulse dye laser treatment for viral warts on hands and feet
Authors: Campolmi Piero , Quintarelli Lavinia , Fusco Irene , Ronconi Lara , Zingoni Tiziano
Published: September 2023

Background

Viral warts, induced by infection by different HPV genotypes, are highly frequent in the general population, particularly during infancy and among adolescents. The effectiveness of the 595 nm Pulse dye‐laser in treating viral warts on the hands and feet in both adults and children was investigated in this study.

Materials and Methods

A selection of 203 patients with multiple viral warts was made. All patients underwent 4–5 treatment sessions with a 595 nm pulse Dye Laser (PDL). Treatment outcome was assessed by a quartile scale: 1 indicates no or low results (0%–25% of the lesion area cleared), 2 indicates slight clearance (25%–50% of the lesion area cleared), 3 indicates moderate‐good clearance (50%–75%), and 4 indicates excellent clearance (75%–100%). Patients were asked for a subjective evaluation of the perceived overall results by means of the following score: unsatisfied (1), not very satisfied (2), satisfied (3), and very satisfied (4). Possible side effects were monitored. Results obtained were judged with a photographic evaluation, immediately and at the control visit (6 months after the last laser session).

Results

All patients observed global improvements. Most of the lesions were completely removed after laser therapy. A total of 95% of patients achieved excellent clearance and they were very satisfied following the laser treatment. Relevant side effects were absent in all patients.

Conclusion

PDL treatment with the study device using a wavelength of 595 nm has proven to be a tolerable and safe therapy for viral warts management.
Visual thinking strategies for interprofessional education and promoting collaborative competencies
Authors: Paul Aleena , Mercado Nicholas , Block Lauren , DeVoe Barbara , Richner Nancy , Goldberg Gabrielle R.
Published: September 2023

Background

Interprofessional education (IPE) curricula require approaches that address the needs of learners from multiple professions and levels of clinical experience. Frameworks based in the arts and humanities, which can improve learners' skills in collaborative competencies such as communication and team building, remain limited in IPE. We describe the development, implementation and evaluation of a visual arts‐based IPE session for over 400 interprofessional learners.

Approach

During the 90‐min session held in 2021, an art museum educator first guided learners through observations of art works using the Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) approach. Subsequently, small groups of six to eight interprofessional learners and two trained facilitators explored how their observations were influenced by personal and professional identities and made connections to interprofessional collaborative practice.

Evaluation

Two hundred eleven of the 407 student attendees responded to the post‐session survey (52%). Eighty percent of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that ‘the art of observation activity is an effective means of starting discussions with interprofessional teams.’ On the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey, a validated tool assessing changes in interprofessional collaboration‐related competencies, there was a significant increase between pre‐ (M = 45.73, SD = 8.05, p < 0.001) and post‐session scores (M = 51.46, SD = 7.97, p < 0.001), using a paired t‐test analysis. Qualitative analysis of learners' takeaways identified themes of open‐mindedness, hearing other opinions and perspectives, collaboration/teamwork, patient‐centeredness and awareness of biases.

Implications

Our curricular approach shows how integrating visual arts‐based pedagogies into IPE activities with learners from diverse disciplines and clinical experiences is both feasible and helpful for developing collaborative competencies.
Patient monitoring during transfusion: Does computerization hold the key to improving an age‐old practice?
Authors: Gehrie Eric A. , Tormey Christopher A.
Published: September 2023

See article on page 1950–1959, in this issue
Feasibility of feline coxofemoral arthroscopy using a supratrochanteric lateral portal: A cadaveric study
Authors: Bounds Courtney A. , Hudson Caleb C.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of feline diagnostic coxofemoral arthroscopy.

Study design

Ex vivo feline cadaveric descriptive study.

Animals

Seven feline cadavers (14 hips).

Methods

Gross dissection of two feline hips was performed to evaluate anatomic landmarks, guide arthroscopic portal development, and determine optimal limb positioning. A 1.9 mm, 0° arthroscope, inserted through a supratrochanteric lateral portal, was used to assess intraarticular structures in 12 feline cadaver hips. Arthroscopy was followed by gross dissection of periarticular soft tissues. Relative portal locations and damage to periarticular structures were recorded. Hips were disarticulated, and an India ink assay was performed to assess whether there was iatrogenic cartilage injury (ICI).

Results

Scope insertion was achieved in all hips. Articular cartilage of the femoral head and acetabulum, round ligament, joint capsule, transverse acetabular ligament, and dorsal acetabular rim were identified arthroscopically in all hips. Probe insertion and intra‐articular structure palpation was achieved in all hips. Scope and instrument portals resulted in minimal periarticular muscle trauma. No sciatic nerve damage was detected. Minor partial thickness ICI was observed in all hips at the site of scope insertion. Focal full thickness ICI was noted in one hip.

Conclusion

Arthroscopy of the feline coxofemoral joint allowed visual and probe evaluation of intra‐articular structures without evidence of major periarticular neurovascular trauma. Iatrogenic cartilage injury occurred in all hips but severity of lesions was considered mild.

Clinical significance

Coxofemoral arthroscopy is feasible in cats and can be utilized as a diagnostic tool for minimally invasive joint evaluation.
Coastal Vulnerability Index and Impact of Erosion Along Terengganu Coastline
Authors: Abdul Rahim Haris , Isa Fatin Irdina , Adnan Nor Aizam , Mohd Fazly Amri
Published: September 2023

Coastal erosion is a sensitive issue in Malaysia. This is because coastal erosion in Terengganu Malaysia’s coastline is reliably exposed to dangers from the sea, bringing about beachfront disintegration and sea level rise. The nation is situated close to the equator in Southeast Asia, where its significant ports are arranged inside the worldwide sea and delivery courses. Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea encircled it, where the complete ocean region is two times the land region. Thus, these two unmistakable dangers antagonistically affected the physical, socioeconomic, and biodiversity along the coast. This study checked on chosen beachfront mitigation structures along the coastline of Malaysia as a wave-disintegration control and sea level rise variation considering the seaside executive’s systems. This study is implemented in the state of Terengganu. The study aims to identify the changes in shorelines that are caused by coastal erosion in the years 2013, 2017 and 2021 using the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) techniques from Pantai Rusila, Pantai Chendering, Pantai Batu Buruk, Pantai Seberang Takir and Pantai Menggabang Telipot at Terengganu. National Coastal Erosion Study (NCES) applies as a guideline to quantify erosion or accretion rates based on physical parameters. It can also identify the erosion area even from the social and economic outlined by NCES 2015.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Threatened Bird Species in Perak Malaysia Using Citizen Science Data
Authors: Mohamad Safawi Nurjannah Syaqereen , Idris Nurul Hawani , Othman Nurain , Alias Noor Izawati , Ishak Mohamad Hafis Izran
Published: September 2023

Birds are recognized as important indicators of the current state of the environment, mainly as they are sensitive to habitat change. There is little research that spatially analyses the threatened bird hotspots and their relationship with land use and land cover changes, particularly in Malaysia. This study aims to spatially analyze the pattern of threatened birds in Perak, Malaysia using seven years of temporal data from the Citizen Science database. Spatial analysis tools, such as the Average Nearest neighbour analysis and high/low clustering (Getis-Ord General G), were used to analyze the distribution and spatial concentration of the data, followed by the Pearson correlation to determine the relationship between bird occurrence with land-use types. The results showed that the hotspot location of threatened birds for seven years was in Taiping City, while the coldspot was in the mangrove area of Kuala Gula. The study discovered a pattern of water birds commonly spotted in mangrove areas (i.e., Milky Stork and Lesser Adjutant) within the Taiping Lake Garden. The correlation analysis results indicated that shorter distances to green areas and longer distances to urban areas can influence the number of threatened birds spotted. Such findings can assist relevant authorities in the effort to protect and preserve threatened and endangered bird species by promoting a green landscape design and wildlife conservation within a city.
Real-Time Measurement of Track Irregularities Using an Instrumented Axle and Kalman Filtering Techniques
Authors: Munoz Sergio , Urda Pedro , Yu Xinxin , Mikkola Aki , Escalona Jose Luis
Published: September 2023

A model-based methodology for the estimation of both lateral and vertical track irregularities is presented. This methodology, based on Kalman filter techniques, was developed for an independent and compact measuring system comprising an instrumented axle equipped with a limited set of low-cost sensors: a 3D gyroscope, a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) distance sensor, and an encoder. The instrumented axle can be used on any railway vehicle traveling at moderate forward speed to provide measurements in real-time. The proposed methodology, combined with the instrumented axle, enables precise and prompt measurement of track irregularities. An experimental campaign carried out on a 1:10 scale track facility at the University of Seville validated both the system and the methodology. In the testing, 80 m of scaled track was measured at an operational speed of V = 0.65 m/s in just 2 min. Simulation estimates for track irregularities compared against the measured data from the testing showed a good performance of the proposed methodology, with maximum errors of 0.45 mm in the short wavelength range D1, the range most influential to vehicle dynamic behavior.
Development and Mechanical Testing of Implant for Cranial Reconstruction After Burr Hole Trepanation
Authors: Bodnárová Júlia , Kratochvíl Adam , Daniel Matej
Published: September 2023

Burr hole trepanation is a surgical procedure in which one or more small holes, or trephines, are made in the skull to allow for the drainage of fluids or to relieve pressure within the skull. Burr hole trepanation is generally considered a safe and effective treatment for conditions such as brain abscesses and subdural hematomas. However, the bone defects must be closed after the surgery with a suitable implant. Current designs are mostly based on bone plates with limited lifetime, revision access, and low esthetic. Within this study, a new type of cranial implant is proposed made using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. The implant is anchored in the burr hole and does not penetrate the skull space or prominate the skull. Four different types of implants have been proposed on the basis of an analytical model and verified using finite element analysis (FEA). New push-in mechanical tests are introduced using artificial bone to determine the strength of the locking mechanisms and ensure the safety of implants. The burr-hole implant with an overlap on the bone surface after implantation was proven to be the safest solution. The design of the new cranial implant could improve the esthetic outcome after surgery and minimize invasiveness in reoperations.