bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflectionless discrete PMLS for high-order finite difference schemes and finite element methods
Authors:   , Hojas García Vicente Andrés
Published: September 2024

En este trabajo, introducimos capas perfectamente absorbentes (PMLs) holomorfas discretas, diseñadas específicamente para esquemas de diferencias finitas (FD) de alto orden y para la discretización de elementos finitos de la ecuación de onda escalar, con elementos continuos y lineales a trozos. A diferencia de las PMLs estándar basadas en la EDP subyacente, los métodos propuestos obtienen el notable resultado de eliminar completamente las reflexiones numéricas en la interfaz entre la PML y el dominio físico, alcanzando en la práctica errores del orden de precisión de máquina. Nuestro enfoque se basa en las ideas expuestas en una publicación reciente (Chern, 2019), y expande el foco desde el esquema FD estándar de segundo orden a esquemas FD de orden arbitrariamente alto (Hojas et al., 2023). Junto a lo anterior, se presenta también una PML sin reflexiones discreta (RDPML) para el método de elementos finitos (FEM) con funciones base continuas y lineales a trozos. Nuestra RDPML para FEM utiliza directamente las propiedades de RDPML para FD, combinando discretizaciones estándar de elementos finitos con Mass Lumping (Cohen et al., 2001).
Encouraging exploration in vision and language navigation: a path towards better generalization
Authors:   , Hinostroza Espinoza Cristian Andrés
Published: September 2024

In Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN), given an natural-language instruction describing a certain target, and a 3D environment, the task is to find a sequence of actions that allows an agent to navigate from its current location to the target. A fundamental challenge in VLN is that training data is not representative of the distribution of environments. This lack of data may result in very poor performance on unseen environments. In this paper we study a novel approach which explicitly incorporates the notion of exploration training. Specifically, we propose Explore Supervision (EXPS), which is designed to provide VLN agents with supervision which strategically encourages exploration in areas around the initial shortest path to the target. We implemented EXPS on top of a state-of-the-art model for the REVERIE challenge, achieving an improvement of 4.77% in success rate on the unseen validation set.
Experiencias adversas en la infancia en diversidad sexual y de género: ¿cómo intervienen los/as terapeutas?
Authors:   , Escobar Villalobos Katherine Daniela
Published: September 2024

Las experiencias adversas en la infancia en población LGBT es un área escasa en investigación. Por consiguiente, las herramientas para su abordaje clínico pueden ser limitadas al no contemplar las especificidades de esta población. Al mismo tiempo, el acceso a la salud y particularmente a salud mental en diversidad sexual y de género sigue siendo un desafío de política pública tanto en Chile como en Latinoamérica. A pesar de los avances en el área, las experiencias adversas en la infancia requieren de mayor desarrollo y estudio, sobre todo por las consecuencias que podrían tener en la adultez. En base a lo anterior, el presente trabajo tiene como Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de intervención que perciben los/as terapeutas y cómo las utilizan al abordar las experiencias adversas en la infancia de pacientes de la diversidad sexual y de género. El Método: es a través del diseño de investigación cualitativa, bajo el análisis y conceptualización de Teoría Fundamentada, llevando a cabo los diferentes niveles de codificación. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a terapeutas que trabajan con personas de la diversidad sexual y de género que hayan vivido experiencias adversas en la infancia y que su postura clínica sea desde una perspectiva afirmativa. Resultados: Se observó que los/as terapeutas consideran las experiencias adversas como situaciones y vivencias que afectan en el bienestar de sus pacientes y que se deben intervenir y profundizar según la capacidad de la persona en relatar dicho suceso. Además, hay estrategias específicas para utilizar y factores protectores que contribuyen a prevenir y acompañar durante el proceso.
Faccionalismo, corrientes y disputas internas en los movimientos laborales de Uruguay y Chile (1990-2020)
Authors:   , Karle Saavedra Cristóbal
Published: September 2024

Los movimientos laborales y sus organizaciones, cuya influencia ha sido significativamente determinante para la conformación del actual panorama social y político en América Latina, son caracterizados usualmente por la literatura como actores sociales que presentan ante la esfera pública un programa de lucha y un repertorio de acción colectiva en defensa de los intereses de la clase trabajadora. Sin embargo, la visión tradicional suele ensombrecer las dinámicas internas de estas organizaciones, las cuales modelan su fisonomía por medio de extensos y complejos procesos de negociación implícita entre los diferentes subgrupos que conviven en el interior de ellas. La presente investigación arroja luz sobre las formas, detalles y estructuras que ha adquirido recientemente el faccionalismo en de dos de las centrales sindicales más importantes de la región: el PIT-CNT uruguayo y la CUT chilena, ambas en un contexto de recuperación democrática y profunda transformación socioeconómica. Además de describir pormenorizadamente y establecer una narrativa comparativa de ambas trayectorias en diferentes aspectos del problema, este trabajo argumenta y prueba, haciendo uso de herramientas de process tracing, que el faccionalismo en ambas centrales se ha constituido primordialmente de manera isomórfica respecto al sistema político de partidos; y que la mayor prevalencia de cismas en el caso chileno se asocia con el desenraizamiento social del sistema de partidos en dicho país. Estos hallazgos y conclusiones contribuyen a alentar la discusión acerca del rol de las organizaciones sociales, sus características, el desarrollo de sus tensiones internas y la importancia de sus vínculos con la política institucional.
Efficacy of Pilates Training on Balance in Spastic Cerebral Palsy Children: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sharma Shyamoli , Gupta Neha , Mittal Ankur
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Impaired postural and reactive balance control is a substantial challenge for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Evidence states that Pilates Training (PT) increases strength, endurance and flexibility of the trunk and abdominals, and demonstrates improvement in the deep core muscles which helps body’s ability to relax and improve balance in Spastic Cerebral palsy (SCP) children. Aim: To measure the efficacy of PT on improving balance in SCP children. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental pilot study with convenient sampling was conducted for 2 weeks, from March 6, 2024 to March 21, 2024 in Xcell Physiocare, Greater Kailash-I, New Delhi, India among children aged between 5 to 9 years, who were able to understand Hindi and English, with spasticity ranging from 1 to 1+ (Modified Ashworth Scale), level 3 and 4 (Gross Motor Function Classification System) and normal flexibility of lower back muscle. They received 10 minutes of stretching, followed by 45 minutes of PT, 10 repetition each, 4 times a week for 2 weeks. The measurement was performed at baseline and post-treatment using Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), modified Timed Up and Go (mTUG). Data was analysed using Wilcoxon’s Signed-rank test. Results: The measured variables before and after therapy showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in both PBS and mTUG. Conclusion: PT is an effective treatment program for improving balance in SCP children.
Impact of Ladder Training on Lower Limb Power, Strength and Agility in Collegiate Badminton Players: A Pilot Study
Authors: Singha Baishali , Anand Pooja , Rakheja Himanshu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Badminton is a highly explosive, intermittent sport that requires quick anticipation and response to opponent movements. To execute advanced strokes and compete against stronger opponents, players must improve their basic physical parameters-strength, power and agility, otherwise due to physical demands on the lower limbs, leads to frequent injuries among players. Ladder training, type of strength and sports training, involves performing one or more exercises with an ascending and falling repetition pattern for building muscular endurance and conditioning, to assist players to increase their overall training volume. Aim: To study the impact of ladder training on lower limb power, strength and agility in collegiate badminton players. Materials and Methods: A pilot study was conducted in the Department of Physiotherapy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India, from December 2023 to January 2024. In the present study, 10Â collegiate badminton players were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria with informed consent signed. The players were further divided into two groups: experimental group (n=5) underwent ladder training for 3 days/week, 6 weeks. and control group (n=5) underwent conventional training for 3 days/week, 6 weeks. The outcome measures for both groups were: Y-shaped agility test, standing broad jump test and Triple hop distance test, taken before and after training session. Results: The data was statistically analysed by paired and unpaired t-test, the agility performance of Group A compared to Group B with p-value=0.001 was considered highly significant and the data between pre and post training the group A was highly significant (p=0.001) in strength, power and agility of the players.
Exploring Non Invasive Neuromodulation to Ameliorate Radiculopathic Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Bansal Sidharth , Sharma Nidhi , Kaur Simranjeet
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Despite numerous investigations has delved into Non invasive Neuromodulation (NINM) for alleviating neuropathic pain from various origins, its efficacy in addressing radiculopathic pain specifically remains inadequately explored. Aim: To comprehensively synthesise existing literature on the use of NINM in managing radiculopathy-induced pain. Materials and Methods: A thorough search of four databases—Scopus, PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Cochrane Library was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines from October 2023 to January 2024. Included articles in the study must have patients with cervical or lumbar radiculopathy, aged over 18 years, and included atleast one non invasive neuromodulation intervention, with outcomes measuring pain. Case reports, reviews, and meta-analyses were reviewed for additional references. “Radiculopathy” and “Neuromodulation” were the primary keywords used to extract data and the studies’ quality and findings were critically appraised using tools suchÂ as PEDro, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE), Level of Evidence, and Risk of Bias. Results: Six out of 75,182 studies that were identified met the inclusion criteria and underwent thorough evaluation. The remaining 75,176 articles were excluded for reasons such as duplicates (32,156), patients not related to radiculopathy (15,637), lack of the desired intervention or outcome (27,094), and various other reasons (289). NINM methods showed a significant reduction in pain severity for radiculopathy patients, with no reported adverse effects. Conclusion: In summary, integrating NINM approaches alongside conventional therapeutic strategies showed promising effects in enhancing the efficacy and sustainability of pain management for radiculopathy.
Normative Reference Value of Proprioception and Reaction Time among Females with PMS- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Anshu , Sharma Nidhi , Kaur Simranjeet
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) encompasses physical, emotional, and behavioral changes prior to menstruation. While hormonal fluctuations during PMS may affect neurological processes, direct links to alterations in proprioception and reaction time are not firmly established. Normative reference scores have not been established for proprioception and reaction time among females with premenstrual syndrome. Aim: To determine the normative reference score of proprioception and reaction time among females with PMS using the Sensbalance MiniBoard. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, recruited females aged 18 to 40 years, with regular menstrual cycle, and with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), diagnosed according to Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) criteria (≥5 out of 11 symptoms). The study aimed to establish normative values for these measures in PMDD individuals. Results: The normative data for proprioception in four directions i.e. front, back, left, and right were 19.47±18.26°, 7.59±3.66°, 11.94±12.93°, 10.99±8.02°. The normative data for the reaction time in front, back, left and right was obtained as 0.94±0.32 s, 0.79±0.16 s, 0.91±0.27 s and 0.93±0.50 s, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest the feasibility of conducting an extensive study with a larger sample size to facilitate the generalisation of data to a global population.
A Review on Optimising Limb Function with Inspiratory Muscle Training: Unlocking Potential with Enhanced Performance
Authors: Sharma Deepa , Jangra Mandeep K
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The potential of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) to enhance limb function holds broad significance across sports science, rehabilitation, and physical therapy. The present review elucidates the link between respiratory muscle function and limb performance, suggesting that integrating IMT into training protocols and rehabilitation programs, particularly in sports and preventive healthcare, could yield improved outcomes. Recognising the vital role of respiratory muscle function in overall performance may inspire innovative approaches to training and rehabilitation strategies. Aim: To investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training in optimising limb function and its impact on overall performance enhancement. Materials and Methods: Full text published articles from year 2004 to 2024 from different databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Cochrane library were included. The search items like “Inspiratory muscle training,” “Limb function”, “Respiratory muscle strength” using Boolean operators AND, OR were used. The study involving both male and female individuals were included. Results: From a total of 345 studies, seven full text studies were relevant and meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. IMT was proven to improve limb function especially in athletes. Conclusion: The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the potential of IMT as a novel intervention for optimising limb function and enhancing overall performance. The conclusion drawn will contribute to the body of knowledge in sports science, rehabilitation and physical therapy, prepare the way for clinical applications.
Comprehensive Therapeutic Approach for Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mehta Payal , Sharma Shweta
Published: September 2024

Introduction: About 1.4 out of 1000 deliveries of live babies result in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury (OBPI), which is characterised by flaccid paralysis of the arm due to brachial plexus damage to the nerve following birth. Shoulder dystocia, maternal hyperglycemia, instrumental delivery, and breech delivery are the primary risk factors. Repercussions are seen in the form of muscle weakness, and activity limitations. Thus, early intervention is a necessity here. Aim: To highlight all the therapeutic interventions that are exercised in children with brachial plexus injury. Materials and Methods: To retrieve literature about obstetric brachial plexus injury, the Cochrane Library and PubMed databases were accessed for this scoping review. A total of 256 articles wereÂ determined to be pertinent to the investigation. In summary, 40 met the review’s inclusion specifications, so they had been thoroughly reviewed. Results: There is unanimous agreement that principles of Modified Constraint-induced Movement Therapy is the main treatment option for the rehabilitation of OBPI. The disparities have been identified and the need for further research has been highlighted. Conclusion: The present study concludes that Modified constraint-induced Movement Therapy (mCIMT) has found to be effective for upper limb function and strength in cases of OBPI. However, efficacy of other techniques like Kinesio-taping and dynamic orthosis in combination with mCIMT needs more clarity, in terms of literatures and evidences. Also, emerging source of virtual rehabilitation in terms of Erb’s Palsy requires justifications. Implication: The present scoping review provides an insight of all the techniques which shall be administered while treating cases of OBPI in clinical practice.
Enhancing Sensory Disparities: A Case Report on Structured Exercise Protocol in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Management
Authors: Kumari Khushboo , Chatterjee Subhasish , Goyal Manu
Published: September 2024

Diabetes encompasses a spectrum of metabolic disorders marked by elevated blood sugar levels due to issues with insulin secretion, its effectiveness, or both. Despite numerous investigations into managing symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), a structured protocol has yet to be established. The present study aimed to shed light on the impact of a structured exercise protocol on symptom management and the enhancement of superficial and deep sensations. Specifically, the study explores the effectiveness of a Structured Exercise Program in addressing symptoms of DPN, with a focus on improving both superficial and deep sensations to enhance overall quality of life. The case report involved a participant diagnosed with DPN. Following a comprehensive clinical assessment and diagnostic tests, specific predetermined criteria were established to confirm the alleviation of symptoms. Physiotherapy interventions were employed to address various symptoms, with superficial and deep vibratory sensation serving as indicators of progress. Over the 30-day monitoring period, the patient showed improvements in light touch and pressure sensations during everyday activities. The treatment strategies effectively addressed the specific challenges associated with enhancing the patient’s quality of life and functional abilities. In conclusion, this case study highlights the complexities of managing DPN and the effectiveness of combining physiotherapy interventions. The enhancements in sensory functions and daily activities underscore the potential of exercise therapy in improving the quality of life for individuals with DPN.
Evidence of Disability and Quality of Life-related Outcome Measures in Postpartum Women with Pelvic Girdle Pain: A Literature Review
Authors: Dhruv Devendra Kumar , Goyal Manu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Pelvic girdle pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint in pregnant or postpartum women. This pain is experienced between the posterior iliac crest and the gluteal fold. Various assessment tools are used for assessing Disability and Quality of life in postpartum womenÂ with pelvic girdle pain. Aim: To provide suggestions based on evidence, for the assessment tools used in postpartum women with pelvic girdle pain. Materials and Methods: In the present review, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Google Scholar, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were searched using Boolean operators to identify existing relevant studies from September 2023 to February 2024. The studies that assessed the measurement properties of tools used to measure outcomes relevant to populations experiencing Pelvic Girdle Pain (PGP) and/or Lumbar Pelvic Pain (LPP) were included. Results: The existing evidence suggested reliability of tools for Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire {Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)=0.98} Oswestry Disability Index (0.94); Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (0.91); Disability Rating Index (ICC=0.90); Short Form-8 (ICC=0.85). Conclusion: All the instruments showed excellent reliability and the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) is the most assessed instrument in the literature. It is suggested that PGQ can be utilised to assess disability in postpartum women with pelvic girdle pain and is the only condition-specific tool for pelvic girdle pain. By employing these assessment instruments in clinical setting would assist in diagnosing and monitoring prognosis during subsequent evaluations.
Efficacy of Exercise Therapy on Fatigue Levels of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Literature Review
Authors: Choudhary Avi , Kaushik Himani
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system caused by the immune system and it affects people all over theÂ world. It is characterised by a variety of symptoms. Excessive fatigue is the most prevalent and debilitating symptom in individuals with multiple sclerosis, significantly impacting their lives. Several factors contribute to the disease and physical inactivity, which have been suggested to impact fatigue levels. Regular exercise therapy hasÂ the potential to alter psychological and physiological functions that can significantly improve fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. Aim: To review the existing literature on the efficacy of exercise therapy on fatigue levels of multiple sclerosis patients. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a literature search from 2014-2024 using different search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cochrane Library and Scopus. The search utilised MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) keywords including exercise, multiple sclerosis, and fatigue. The authors included all types of studies that examined the efficacy of exercise interventions on fatigue outcome measures. Results: Exercise therapy was a safe intervention for multiple sclerosis patients and did not cause any harm. A combination of exercise programs were used to improve fatigue levels and the quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients. Both subjective and objective outcome measures showed significant changes in fatigue levels. Conclusion: Exercise therapy has shown promising results in improving the overall health of multiple sclerosis patients, particularly in reducing fatigue levels. There is a need for more focus on designing non stereotypical treatment protocols and evaluating them using gold-standard tools. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model can be incorporated to identify more effective treatment and assessment methods.
Exploring New Trends in Physiotherapy for Optimising Recovery in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review
Authors: Nagar Akanksha , Vij Jaspreet Singh
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The present study provides up-to-date insights for healthcare professionals and aim for the improvement in patient outcomes and enhanced recovery. It also focuses on recent advancements in physiotherapy techniques tailored for spinal surgery recovery. Aim: To explore emerging trends and innovative approaches in physiotherapy interventions for patients with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Materials and Methods: Relevant literature published from January 2019 to March 2024 searched. MeSH terms and keywords were combined in a search strategy. The included studies comprised of patients aged 19-44 years with spinal cord injury. Primary intervention were of new technologies in physiotherapy. Results: A total of 573 studies were found through search and out of them 18 were selected. A total of seven studies were included. Conclusion: The ultimate goal of these interventions is to achieve patient’s societal reintegration and become independent in most of the activities according to the severity of their condition; therefore, improving and updating these strategies create opportunities for innovative research, as well as implementing rehabilitation strategies as a complement for non pharmacological strategies for the SCI patient.
Effectiveness of Bobath-based Rehabilitation Program and Conventional Physiotherapy on Motor Function in Children with Hydrocephalus
Authors: Bakshi Tanpreet Kaur , Vij Jaspreet Singh , Chhabra Ashish
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is the most common childhood brain disorder and among the most common entities addressed by neurosurgeons. Disabilities of hydrocephalus are dependent on the patient’s age. Aim: To determine the efficacy of bobath-based rehabilitation program and conventional physiotherapy in improving motor function in children with hydrocephalus and levels of anxiety of parents of children with hydrocephalus. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted in the Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Physiotherapy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India, with a total of 20 subjects of hydrocephalus, aged 3 months to 8 years, both males and females, who were included as per the selection criteria, after their parents’ written consent. These subjects were randomly divided into two groups, Group A (n=10) and Group B (n=10). All the subjects were assessed for motor function using Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88 scoring). The anxiety level of parents was assessed using State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Group A was administered bobath-based rehabilitation program whereas Group B received conventional physiotherapy. In both the groups the specific interventions were given for a total of 8 weeks, with 1 session per week. Subjects were reassessed after completion of the interventions. Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test and unpaired t-test. Results: The results showed statistically significant difference in the scores of GMFM, STAI-State (S) and STAI-Trait (T) in Group A (p-value=0.0030, 0.0001,0.0009) and Group B (p-value=0.0234, 0.0013,0.0005), respectively. Conclusion: Thus, both bobath-based rehabilitation program and conventional physiotherapy are efficacious for enhancing motor function and in improving level of anxiety of parents of children with hydrocephalus.
Virtual Reality’s Influence on Eye Sightedness: A Review
Authors: Choudhary Jay Shankar , Sharma Nidhi , Kaur Simranjeet
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Virtual Reality (VR) is an innovative tool for treating a range of childhood and adult illnesses, improving motor skills across ages. The use of VR therapies is expanding, particularly in serious VR games that may influence vision. VR’s immersive environments, tracked by headsets and sensors, raise concerns for eye health, affecting user experience and potentially creating visual challenges. Aim: To provide perspectives on exploring the influence of virtual reality on the eye sightedness. Materials and Methods: A search of literature was carried out on databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Ovid-SP, and Google Scholar from their beginnings until February 2024. The search involved using terms such as “Virtual Reality,” “Eye,” “vision,” “effects,” and “physiotherapy,” with the use of Boolean operators AND and OR. Out of 3549 articles found in different databases, only four met the criteria and were included in this review. Results: The findings of the present review indicated that prolonged virtual reality use can strain the eyes, leading to discomfort, dryness, and visual fatigue. Over time, this strain may cause more significant issues such as the progression of myopia, digital eye strain, and potential long-term impacts on vision clarity and eye health. Conclusion: Concerns about the impact of extended VR use on eyes are valid, with evidence suggesting it could lead to the development of heterophoria—a condition where eyes point in different directions at rest. This condition may result in long-term vision issues. However, enjoying the benefits of VR (such as education, therapy, and entertainment) while being mindful of eye health is still feasible.
Impact of Gamification on Undergraduate Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Pedagogy: A Comprehensive Review and Quality Analysis using MERSQI
Authors: Kumar Rohi , Chophla Nitya
Published: September 2024

Introduction: In the realms of physiotherapy and occupational therapy pedagogy, a notable shift towards student-centered approaches has been witnessed, with gamification emerging as a pivotal tool for fostering teaching methodology and motivating learners. This study helped to explore innovative educational gamification methods and assessed the quality of the evidence which could help in incorporating this approach in undergraduate teaching. Aim: To evaluate the impact of gamification on undergraduate pedagogy in physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Additionally, it aimed to analyse the quality of evidence of research using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) scale. Materials and Methods: Employing a systematic approach, a thorough search was conducted across various electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, etc. The search strategy used a combination of keywords like: “gamification”, “physiotherapy”, etc. Quality of evidence was assessed using the MERSQI scale. A total of 679 articles were screened, ultimately leading to the inclusion of 12 studies. Results: The review included 12 Studies with 1348 Students of UG programs. Quality assessment, measured via the MERSQI scale, yielded scores ranging from 8 to 13.5 out of 18. Key gamification strategies such as Kahoot! and Escape Room puzzles were observed to significantly enhance active learning, bolster retention rates and foster critical problem-solving skills among students. Conclusion: It was found that gamification had a positive impact on the motivation, learning outcomes, and professional development of students and holds immense potential for revolutionising pedagogical practices and fostering a dynamic and engaging learning environment.
Effectiveness of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Functional Mobility and Strength in Neurological Disorders: A Review
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Gupta Aarti , Saurabh .
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Research indicates that Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) offers advantages for individuals in good health, older populations, and those experiencing musculoskeletal issues. A comprehensive analysis was carried out to explore the efficacy of BFR in improving functional mobility and strength among individuals with neurological disorders. In recent times, there has been a surge in interest towards BFR research, which entails the regulation of blood flow to the muscles during physical activity, partly for arterial circulation and fully for venous circulation, aiming to optimise training outcomes. Aim: To ascertain how blood flow restriction training affects strength and functional mobility in neurological diseases. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive analysis was conducted. PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Google Scholar, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Literature Complete (CINAHL), the Cochrane Library, and Research Gate were the databases that were searched for literature between January 2003 and October 2023. The risk of bias in the research was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Total 278 articles were found through literature search, after filtration for all years through 2003 to 2023 yielded (278) articles and removing duplicates yielded 238 articles. Reports assessed for eligibility (N=15). A total of 10 articles were included based on the inclusion criteria. Results: There were no unfavourable results from any of the trials that we reviewed. However, we found out significant improvement in increasing muscular strength and functional mobility among neurological patients. Due to the substantial diversity and small number of publications, the results should be interpreted with caution. Further clinical study ought to be conducted. These studies should improve the methodological quality as well as the consistency of the procedures used in larger samples. Conclusion: Blood flow restriction therapy appears to be helpful in treating neurological problems without having negative side effects, according to the reviews in this study. Progress has been observed in walking endurance, strength, muscle thickness, gluteus density, and step length symmetry, and gait speed. There have also been improvements to the balance.
Physical Functional Limitations in Breast Cancer: A Case Series
Authors: Mehra Suman , Kumar Pragya , Soni Abhishek
Published: September 2024

Multidisciplinary approach, to Breast Cancer (BC) has significantly improved patient survival time, but the patients suffer from adverse effects of cancer and anti-cancer treatment affecting their functionality and overall quality of life. This case series aimed to identify limitations in physical functioning among patients with breast cancer. An interview guide was developed on the basis of literature definition of ‘physical function’, its determinants, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health criteria on functioning, and literature published on relevant factors in BC. Fifteen women diagnosed with BC, who were either undergoing active treatment or completed it, with age ranging between 26-75Â years, were included. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using interview guide and responses were audio-recorded. The responses obtained were then coded and analysed using thematic analysis. Out of total 15 participants, three were on ongoing active treatment and 12 had completed it (nine were within one year of completion of active treatment). Thematic analysis revealed that the subjects experienced impairments in upper quarter flexibility (n=7), upper limb functional strength (n=9), limitations in basic (n=5) and instrumental activities of daily living (n=12) and many had done changes in performing activities at home or workplace (n=12). Many women had pain (n=13) in neck or arm after sustained activity, swelling in arm, cording, fatigue, impairment of balance (n=6) and negative body image perception. Such limitations were more prevalent among old and frail. Limitations in physical functioning were found prevalent among participants in the present case series which points out the need for long term surveillance of women with breast cancer for physical functional limitations.
Effectiveness of Mulligan Therapy in Patients with Cervicogenic Headache: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials
Authors: Tamhankar Shruti , Kumar Vaneet
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Cervicogenic headache is a type of headache that presents as unilateral pain which starts in neck. It originates from C1-C2 zygapophyseal joints. Mulligan therapy is a technique that utilises pain-free low velocity joint mobilisations that includes active component. Aim: To find out effectiveness of mulligan therapy in patients with cervicogenic headache. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of articles searched from PubMed central, Google scholar, ResearchGate until 2023 wereÂ undertaken. Among 70 articles, only 10 articles which were according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, were reviewed. The article was reviewed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) guidelines. Patients with cervicogenic headache, studies reporting influence of mulligan therapy, study design including only randomised control trials were included. Conclusion: Mulligan therapy specifically Natural Apophyseal Glides (NAGs) and Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (SNAGs) had an effect on decreasing pain intensity level, improving functional cervical range of motion in patients with cervicogenic headache.
Management of Pain and Inflammation in Knee Osteoarthritis using Class IV LASER: An Experimental Study
Authors: Anupma . , Sethi Jasobanta , Aggrawal Rajeev
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative inflammatory disease affecting the entire joint and is characterised by progressive loss of cartilage and associated with pain. The tissue cells absorbs a certain wavelength of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) which triggers a number of chemical responses in the cells that promote healing and reduce inflammation. Aim: To find the effect of Class IV LASER on pain and inflammation in knee osteoarthritis of older adults. Materials and Methods: This study utilised an experimental controlled design with pre and post comparison. The study was conducted from March 2023 to January 2024 at Jindal Physio Care, New Delhi, India, with the sample size of 36 subjects (18 each group). Participants were recruited based upon a predefined selection criterion. After signing the informed consent, all the subjects were randomly distributed among two groups (Group A and Group B). Outcome variables were inflammatory biomarkers Interleukins 6 (IL 6), Interleukins 1β (IL 1β), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and NumericÂ Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), which were assessed in the beginning and at the end of study period of 10 weeks. Group A was given Placebo LASER along with moist heat, exercises and knee brace while GroupÂ B was given Class IV high-intensity LASER along with moist heat, exercises and knee brace. Data were analysed using the Student’s t-test and significance level was kept 95% (p<0.05). Results: There was a significant decrease in NPRS score, IL 6, IL 1β and CRP levels in both the groups at the end of the study. AÂ substantial reduction was found in group B compared to groupÂ A (p<0.001). Conclusion: Class IV LASER treatment has been found satisfactory in alleviating pain and inflammation, which may be a promising treatment method for knee osteoarthritis.
Understanding the Risk Factors for Cardiac Arrest in Young Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dev Kalindi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Cardiac arrest, once largely associated with older individuals, is increasingly affecting young adults, necessitating a deeper understanding of its risk factors in this demographic. Aim: To identify and analyse relevant literature to uncover the risk factors contributing to cardiac arrest among young adults. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of databases using specific keywords related to cardiac arrest, risk factors, and young adults was conducted. Out of 573 studies initially identified, 245 duplicates were removed, and 328 were screened based on eligibility criteria. After further assessment, 123 records were rejected, leaving 205 full-text papers for review. Ultimately, eight studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Results: The review highlighted modifiable lifestyle factors, cardiovascular conditions, genetic predisposition and environmental influences as significant contributors to cardiac arrest risk in young adults. Specifically, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, and substance abuse emerged as prominent modifiable risk factors. Predisposing factors such as inherited cardiac conditions, structural heart abnormalities, and acquired cardiac disorders were also identified. Environmental factors, including air pollution and socioeconomic status, were found to play a role in shaping the risk profile of young adults. Conclusion: The review concludes by emphasising the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors and promoting cardiovascular health awareness to mitigate the incidence of cardiac arrest in young adults. By addressing these factors, healthcare providers can work towards reducing the burden of cardiac arrest and improving outcomes in this vulnerable population. The present systematic review provides valuable insights into the risk factors contributing to cardiac arrest in young adults and lays a foundation for evidence-based preventive measures.
Effect of Isometric and Eccentric Exercises on Pain and Jump Performance in Indian Male Volleyball Players with Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Monika . , Dev Kalindi
Published: September 2024

Aim: To find out which exercise, isometric or eccentric is the best intervention to reduce the patellar tendon pain and maximise the jump performance. Materials and Methods: The participants were screened and selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The demographic data, pain and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Patella (VISA-P) scale were measured pre-intervention and post-intervention. A total of 25 players of mean age 17.00±16.54 years, mean weight 67.76±60.84 kg and 89.63±17.67 cm mean height were taken through the single-blinded randomised sampling and were allocated into two groups Group A (n=12) of isometric exercise intervention and Group B (n=13) of Eccentric (EC) exercise intervention for 12 weeks. Results: There was a statistically non significant difference seen for the demographic values between the groups (p>0.05) for all the variables. There was a statistically highly significant difference seen for the values between the groups (p<0.01) for post VISA-P with higher values in EC group. There was a statistically non significant difference seen for the values between the groups (p>0.05) for preÂ VISA-P. Conclusion: In this trial, among volleyball players with chronic patellar tendinopathy, treatment with eccentric exercise is superior to isometric. Coaches, sport scientists and volleyball players may use the eccentric exercise as a training protocol to improve the game skills. This could aid coaches in planning and controlling training, making appropriate performance enhancement decisions, and avoiding hand injuries.
Characteristics of ripple structures revealed in OH airglow images
Authors: Li Jing , Li Tao , Dou Xiankang , Fang Xin , Cao Bing , She Chiao‐Yao , Nakamura Takuji , Manson Alan , Meek Chris , Thorsen Denise
Published: March 2017

Small‐scale ripple structures observed in OH airglow images are most likely induced by either dynamic instability due to large wind shear or convective instability due to superadiabatic lapse rate. Using the data set taken in the mesopause region with an OH all‐sky imager at Yucca Ridge Field Station, Colorado (40.7°N, 104.9°W), from September 2003 to December 2005, we study the characteristics and seasonal variations of ripple structures. By analyzing the simultaneous background wind and temperature observed by the nearby sodium temperature/wind lidar at Fort Collins, Colorado (40.6°N, 105°W), and a nearby medium‐frequency radar at Platteville, Colorado (40.2°N, 105.8°W), we are able to statistically study the possible relation between ripples and the background atmosphere conditions. Characteristics and seasonal variations of ripples are presented in detail in this study. The occurrence frequency of ripples exhibits clear seasonal variability, with peak in autumn. The occurrence of ripples shows a local time dependence, which is most likely associated with the solar tides. The lifetime and spatial scale of these ripples are typically 5–20 min and 5–10 km, respectively, and most of the ripples move preferentially either southward or northward. However, more than half of the observed ripples do not advect with background flow; they have higher Richardson numbers than those ripples that advect with background flow. It is possible that they are not instability features but wave structures that are hard to be distinguished from the real instability features.
Storm time equatorial magnetospheric ion temperature derived from TWINS ENA flux
Authors: Katus R. M. , Keesee A. M. , Scime E. , Liemohn M. W.
Published: March 2017

The plasma sheet plays an integral role in the transport of energy from the magnetotail to the ring current. We present a comprehensive study of the equatorial magnetospheric ion temperatures derived from Two Wide‐angle Imaging Neutral‐atom Spectrometers (TWINS) energetic neutral atom (ENA) measurements during moderate to intense (Dstpeak < −60 nT) storm times between 2009 and 2015. The results are validated using ion temperature data derived from the Geotail low‐energy particle energy analyzer and the Los Alamos National Laboratory magnetospheric plasma analyzer. The ion temperatures are analyzed as a function of storm time, local time, and L shell. We perform a normalized superposed epoch analysis of 48 geomagnetic storms and examine the spatial and temporal evolution of the plasma as a function of storm phase. This analysis illustrates the spatial and temporal variation of the ions from the plasma sheet into the inner magnetosphere. We find that the ion temperature increases approaching the storm peak. This enhancement has the largest magnetic local time extent near 12 RE distance downtail.
Geometry and evolution of a fault‐controlled Quaternary basin by means of TDEM and single‐station ambient vibration surveys: The example of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake area, central Italy
Authors: Civico R. , Sapia V. , Di Giulio G. , Villani F. , Pucci S. , Baccheschi P. , Amoroso S. , Cantore L. , Di Naccio D. , Hailemikael S. , Smedile A. , Vassallo M. , Marchetti M. , Pantosti D.
Published: March 2017

We applied a joint survey approach integrating time domain electromagnetic soundings and single‐station ambient vibration surveys in the Middle Aterno Valley (MAV), an intermontane basin in central Italy and the locus of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. By imaging the buried interface between the infilling deposits and the top of the pre‐Quaternary bedrock, we reveal the 3‐D basin geometry and gain insights into the long‐term basin evolution. We reconstruct a complex subsurface architecture, characterized by three main depocenters separated by thresholds. Basin infill thickness varies from ~200–300 m in the north to more than 450 m to the southeast. Our subsurface model indicates a strong structural control on the architecture of the basin and highlights that the MAV experienced considerable modifications in its configuration over time. The buried shape of the MAV suggests a recent and still ongoing predominant tectonic control by the NW‐SE trending Paganica‐San Demetrio Fault System (PSDFS), which crosscuts older ~ENE and NNE trending extensional faults. Furthermore, we postulate that the present‐day arrangement of the PSDFS is the result of the linkage of two previously isolated fault segments. We provide constraints on the location of the southeastern boundary of the PSDFS, defining an overall ~19 km long fault system characterized by a considerable seismogenetic potential and a maximum expected magnitude larger than M 6.5. This study emphasizes the benefit of combining two easily deployable geophysical methods for reconstructing the 3‐D geometry of a tectonically controlled basin. Our joint approach provided us with a consistent match between these two independent estimations of the basin substratum depth within 15%.