bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Gold Nanoparticle (NP-AU) Biosynthesis with Bioreductor Chaetoceros calcitrans as a Disease Inhibitory Power of AHPND in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Desmieta Diva , Sofiya Amalina  , Dhea Puspita Hakim  , Isac Muhamad Kahlil Gibran  , Azizah Raihani Purnama  , Prayogo  , Arif Habib Fasya
Published: November 2024

Indonesia is the third largest global shrimp exporter after Ecuador and India. Shrimp production increased by 21% from 1.21 million tons to 1.48 million tons in 2021-2022, but decreased to 1.097 million tons in 2023. This is thought to be due to AHPND (Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease). Our research aims to determine the biofabrication, characterization and effectiveness of gold nanoparticle biofabrication mediated by Chaetoceros calcitrans as an antibacterial against AHPND in white shrimp. The method used is experimental. The findings were the antibacterial potential of gold nanoparticle biofabrication mediated by C. calcitrans as an AHPND drug in vaname shrimp. Based on the research results, biofabrication was successfully formed with UV-vis characterization at a wavelength of 533 nm, in the FTIR test the AU3+ group was successfully reduced by the bioactive compound C. calcitrans. The results of the SEM and TEM tests showed that nanoparticles were dominated by a spherical shape, the particle size according to the PSA test was 8.25 nm and the XRD test answered that Np-Au crystallization had formed with the appearance of a high intensity peak.
Aging-associated mechanisms of atrial fibrillation progression and their therapeutic potential
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Johnston Aaron M. , Yiu Chi Him Kendrick , Moreira Lucia M. , Reilly Svetlana , Wehrens Xander H. T.
Published: November 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, with a particularly high prevalence in the elderly. As the global aging population rapidly expands, it is increasingly important to examine how alterations to the aging heart contribute to an increased AF susceptibility. This work critically reviews the key molecular mechanisms that may underpin the complex association between aging and AF. Moreover, we identify emerging novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention that may be able to prevent and/or improve the current treatment paradigms for age-related AF. This review contributes to a holistic understanding of the intricate relationship between aging and AF.
Maresin-like 1 Ameliorates Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease in Brains of a Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Shrivastava Pallavi , Lu Yan , Su Shanchun , Kobayashi Yuichi , Zhao Yuhai , Lien Nathan , Masoud Abdul-Razak , Lukiw Walter J , Hong Song
Published: November 2024

1) Background: Impeded resolution of inflammation contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); consequently, resolving inflammation is pivotal to the amelioration of AD pathology. This can potentially be achieved by the treatment with specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), which should resolve neuroinflammation in brains. 2) Methods: Here, we report the effects of long-term treatment with a SPM, maresin like 1 (MarL1), on AD pathogenesis in a transgenic 5xFAD mouse model. 3) Results: MarL1 treatment reduced Aβ overload, curbed the loss of neurons in brains especially cholinergic neurons associated with cleaved-caspase-3-associated apoptotic degeneration, reduced microgliosis and the pro-inflammatory M1 polarization of microglia, curbed the AD-associated decline in anti-inflammatory Iba1+Arg-1+-M2 microglia, inhibited phenotypic switching to pro-inflammatory N1 neutrophils, promoted the blood–brain-barrier-associated tight-junction protein claudin-5 and decreased neutrophil leakage in 5xFAD brains, and induced the switch of neutrophils toward the inflammation-resolving N2 phenotype. 4) Conclusion: Long-term administration of MarL1 mitigates AD-related neuropathogenesis in brains by curbing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. These findings provided the preclinical leads and mechanistic insights for the development of MarL1 into an effective modality to ameliorate AD pathogenesis.
Study on the Influencing Factors of Vertical Bearing Capacity of Pile Foundation in Multi-Layer Cave
Authors: Wang Yi , Lu Guoyun , Zhang En , Zhao Cheng , Wang Wei
Published: November 2024

Pile foundations are widely employed in engineering to bolster structures and efficiently transmit loads to the underlying soil or rock. However, in karst terrains, the occurrence of multi-layered stone projections or caves can drastically affect the bearing capacity and stability of these pile foundations. In order to study the influencing factors of vertical bearing capacity of pile founda-tion in multi-layer karst cave environment, the bearing capacity test of pile foundation was carried out at the construction site. The results show that with the increase of external load eccentricity, the bearing capacity of pile foundation decreases obviously. Subsequently, we developed a finite element model for pile foundations in a double-layered karst area using the commercial general finite element software ANSYS. This model facilitated our analysis of the bearing capacity of concrete pile foundations under progressively increasing loads, accounting for variations in rock height, eccentricity, and elastic modulus. The findings reveal the following: (1) Under consistent external loading, the maximum displacement of pile foundations increases with eccentricity. (2) As concrete strength rises, the maximum displacement gradually decreases, while the corresponding peak stress remains approximately constant. (3) The height of karst caves significantly impacts the bearing capacity of pile foundations. Therefore, during construction, it is crucial to minimize or avoid traversing areas with high karst caves. In engineering applications involving multi-layered karst landforms, it is essential to assess the bearing capacity of pile foundations beforehand, paying particular attention to the effects of karst cave height, pile eccentricity, and concrete strength on the bearing capacity. This will enable the optimization of the design scheme, avoidance of high karst cave areas, and ensure the safety and stability of the structure.
Enhancing Silvicultural Practices: A Productivity and Quality Comparison of Manual and Semi-Mechanized Planting Methods in Commercial Forestry in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Khoza Mduduzi J. , Ramantswana Muedanyi , Spinelli Raffaele , Magagnotti Natascia
Published: November 2024

Planting plays a significant role in commercial forestry. Labour-related issues (scarcity, increased wages, absenteeism, ageing and high turnover), inconsistent work quality, increased operational costs, and poor ergonomics prompted the development of innovative planting techniques. This study aimed to assess the productivity (plants/PMH), worker productivity (plants/worker PMH), work quality and tree survival of a manual and a semi-mechanised planting method. Two study sites at Flatcrown and Kwambonambi, consisting of 37 plots, were planted at 1333 stems per ha, alternating across the study sites. Block-level and elemental-level time studies were conducted, followed by work quality assessments. The manual method planted 7.23 ha/shift (Flatcrown) and 5.89 ha/shift (Kwambonambi), whilst the semi-mechanised method planted 4.72 ha/shift (Flatcrown) and 3.19 ha/shift (Kwambonambi). The manual method was 50 to 60% more productive (plants/PMH) than the semi-mechanised method. In terms of plants/worker PMH, higher worker efficiency of 30 - 40% was observed at the Flatcrown site, which was characterised by level terrain and low residue presence compared to the Kwambonambi site, which had a gentle (< 20%) terrain and medium residue presence. Planting quality was conducted according to planting specifications. The two methods did not significantly differ, although the study suggests that the proportion of good-quality plantings could be somewhat higher for the manual method. There was no significant difference in tree survival across methods and sites after one month.
Targeting EP2 Receptor Improves Muscle and Bone Health in Dystrophin-/-/Utrophin-/- Double Knockout Mice
Authors: Gao Xueqin , Cui Yan , Zhang Greg , Ruzbarsky Joseph J , Wang Bing , Layne Jonathan E , Xiao Xiang , Huard Johnny
Published: November 2024

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe genetic muscle disease due to mutations of dystrophin gene. There is no cure for DMD. Using a dystrophin-/-utrophin-/- (DKO-Hom) mouse model, we investigated the PGE2/EP2 pathway in the pathogenesis of dystrophic muscle and its potential as a therapeutic target. We found that Ep2, Ep4, Cox-2, 15-Pgdh mRNA, and PGE2 are significantly increased in DKO-Hom mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The EP2 and EP4 receptors are mainly expressed in CD68+ macrophages and are significantly increased in the muscle tissues of both dystrophin-/- (mdx) and DKO-Hom mice compared to WT mice. Osteogenic and osteoclastogenic gene expression in skeletal muscle also increased in DKO-Hom mice, which correlates with severe muscle heterotopic ossification (HO). Treatment of DKO-Hom mice with the EP2 antagonist PF04418948 for 2 weeks, increased body weight, reduced HO and muscle pathology by decreasing both total macrophages (CD68+) and senescent macrophages (CD68+P21+), while increasing endothelial cells (CD31+). PF04418948 also increased bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the tibia trabecular bone and the cortical bone thickness of both the femur and tibia without affecting spine trabecular bone microarchitecture. In summary, our results indicate that targeting EP2 improves muscle pathology and maintains bone mass.
Liposomal Formulation of an Organogold Complex Enhancing Its Activity as Antimelanoma Agent – In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Pinho Jacinta O. , Coelho Mariana , Pimpão Catarina , Konwar Jahnobi , Godinho-Santos Ana , Noiva Rute M. , Thomas Sophie R. , Casini Angela , Soveral Graça , Gaspar M. Manuela
Published: November 2024

The therapeutic management of melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, remains challenging. In the search for more effective therapeutic options, metal-based complexes are being investigated for their anticancer properties. Cisplatin was the first clinically approved plati-num-based drug and, based on its success, other metals (e.g. gold) are being used to design novel compounds. In the present work, the antimelanoma potential of a new organometallic cy-clometalated Au(III) complex [[Au(CNOxN)Cl2] (CNOxN = 2-(phenyl-(2-pyridinylmethylene)aminoxy acetic acid))] (ST004) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, this new gold-based complex was associated to liposomes with the lipid composition DMPC:DOPE:DSPE-PEG (50:45:5) to overcome solubility and stability problems, as well as to promote accumulation at melanoma sites and maximize the therapeutic effect. Devel-oped liposomal formulations showed a low mean size (around 100 nm), high homogeneity (PdI100 μM). Cell cycle analysis revealed an arrest in G0/G1 phase by Free-ST004 in all cell lines. In turn, LIP-ST004 led to a G0/G1 halt in B16F10, and to an arrest in S phase in A375 and MNT-1 cells. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest gold-based inhibition of glycerol permeation through aquaglyceroporin 3 (AQP3) in human red blood cells used as a model. The proof-of-concept of the antimelanoma properties of LIP-ST004 was obtained in subcutaneous and metastatic murine melanoma models. In the latter, results showed a significant reduction on lung metastases in animals receiving LIP-ST004, com-pared to free gold complex and DTIC. Globally, this study highlights the antimelanoma potential of a new gold-based complex.
Resilience Evaluation of Forest Products Platform Supply Chain Based on Artificial Intelligence and Extension Theory
Authors: Lu Lin , Long Ping , Luo Xiaochun
Published: November 2024

Forestry has a profound impact on environmental protection, economic development and social welfare. With the improvement of global environmental protection awareness, the construction of platform supply chain of forest products has become the core driving force to promote sustainable development of forestry. Studying the resilience of supply chain of platform of forest products is of great importance to solve the contradiction between economic development and natural ecosystem protection. However, the existing resilience evaluation methods are not suitable for the dynamic and complex performance evaluation of the current forest products platform supply chain. Therefore, in order to make up for this shortcoming, this paper evaluates and analyzes the supply chain resilience of forest products platform based on AI recommendation and extension theory. Firstly, the paper integrates the innovative thinking method of extension into the AI recommendation technology, and constructs the resilience performance evaluation index system of the platform supply chain of forest products combined with the characteristics of forest products. Secondly, the evaluation model of the supply chain toughness of forest products platform was constructed, and the weight value of each index was obtained. Finally, in order to ensure the authenticity and credibility of the evaluation results, the resilience levels of different types of forest products platform supply chains were illustrated by numerical examples, and the effectiveness of the application of AI recommendation and extension theory in the resilience performance evaluation of forest products platform supply chains was verified. The scientific value of this paper is that it provides a new idea and a new method for the resilience performance evaluation of the forest products platform supply chain, and makes theoretical and practical contributions to the fruitful application of AI recommendation in the supply chain field. In addition, this study also provides a new practical guideline for protecting the natural environment and realizing the sustainable development of forestry.
In Vitro and In Vivo Translational Insights on the Intraoperative Use of Antiseptics and Lavage Solutions Against Microorganisms Causing Orthopedic Infections
Authors: Dudek Bartlomiej , Brożyna Malwina , Karoluk Michał , Frankiewicz Mariusz , Migdał Paweł , Szustakiewicz Konrad , Matys Tomasz , Wiater Adrian , Junka Adam
Published: November 2024

The growing antibiotic resistance of microorganisms causing postoperative infections following orthopedic surgeries underscores the urgent need for localized antiseptic and lavage delivery systems to enhance infection control. This study evaluates the in vitro effectiveness of antiseptic and lavage solutions—including polyhexanide, povidone-iodine, low-concentration hypochlorite, Ringer’s solution, and saline—against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, Cutibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium amycolatum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Using microplate models (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration, and Biofilm-Oriented Antiseptic Test assays), flow-based models (Bioflux system), and surfaces relevant to orthopedic implants (e.g., stainless steel disks/screws, Co-Cr-Mo, Ti-Al-Nb orthopedic alloys, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene), as well as a bio-nano-cellulose scaffold representing tissue, we assessed solutions activity. The cytotoxicity of the solutions was evaluated using osteoblast and keratinocyte cell lines, with additional in vivo insights gained through the Galleria mellonella larval model. Results show that polyhexanide-based solutions outperformed povidone-iodine in biofilm eradication in most tests applied, particularly on complex surfaces, whereas iodine demonstrated higher cytotoxicity in applied in vitro and in vivo tests. Low-concentration hypochlorite solutions exhibited minimal antibiofilm activity but also showed no cytotoxicity in cell line and G. mellonella larval models. These findings highlight the importance of careful antiseptic selection and rinsing protocols to balance infection control efficacy with tissue compatibility in orthopedic applications.
Effects of a 12 Week Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Obese and Overweight Females with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disturbance
Authors: Klonek Grzegorz , Zydek Grzegorz , Roczniok Robert , Panek Mariusz , Zając Adam , Michalczyk Małgorzata Magdalena
Published: November 2024

We evaluated the effects of a 12-week hypocaloric ketogenic diet (KD) on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as body mass, in overweight, obese, and healthy-weight females. One hundred adult females completed the study, including 64 obese (97.99±11.48kg), 23 overweight (75.50±5.12 kg), and 11 with optimal body mass (65.93±3.40 kg). All participants followed a KD consisting of less than 30 g of carbohydrates, approximately 60 g of protein, and 140 g of fat per day (80% unsaturated and 20% saturated fat).Methods: Glucose (Gl), insulin (I), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA-IR, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured before and after the intervention. Additionally, body mass (BM), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and thigh circumference (TC) were recorded. Results: After 12 weeks of the KD, significant improvements were observed in most biochemical variables across all groups. BM, TC, WC, and HC were significantly reduced in all participants. Notably, obese participants showed greater reductions in all variables compared to overweight and healthy-weight females. Conclusion: A 12-week KD led to more pronounced improvements in biochemical markers and body mass in obese females compared to other groups. A KD may be particularly beneficial for obese females with hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, and lipid profile disturbances.
Sequential Changes in Serum Adipokines and Their Clinical Impacts in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Temel Şahin , Sahin Ergul Serap , Yeşiltepe Ali , Yuksel Recep Civan , Kaynar Ahmet Safa , Sungur Murat , Gundogan Kürsat
Published: November 2024

Keywords: Adipokines, covid-19, critical illness, clinical and nutritional outcomes
The Drain Debate: A Prospective Controlled Trial on Criteria-Based Prophylactic Drain Use in Total Gastrectomy for Esophagogastric Junctional or Gastric Cancer (The DRAG Study)
Authors: Eleftheriou Maria Malvina , Doulberis Michael , Pouliakis Abraham , Kareklas Dimitrios , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Zografos Georgios , Theodorou Dimitrios , Triantafyllou Tania
Published: November 2024

Background: Total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection is standard for resectable esophagogastric junctional and gastric cancer, but high morbidity challenges perioperative care. ERAS guidelines advise against routine drains, yet conflicting evidence leads to inconsistent practice.
Methods: The DRAG (DRains After Gastrectomy) Trial is a prospective, non-randomized study conducted from February 2020 to March 2023 at the 1st Propaedeutic Surgery Department, Hippocration General Hospital, Athens. Patients undergoing open D2 total gastrectomy had perianastomotic drains placed based on newly established criteria, offering a more tailored approach. Immediate and short-term postoperative outcomes, including recovery milestones and complications, were assessed.
Results: Sixty patients were included, with 40 receiving a drain. The non-drain group had significantly lower pain scores, earlier mobilization, less postoperative nausea and vomiting, and a shorter hospital stay. Among those with complications, significant differences in surgical site infections, delayed mobilization, extra-abdominal issues, length of stay, readmissions, and reoperations suggest that drain use may increase complications and hinder recovery.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that routine prophylactic drain use can be avoided in gastrectomy for esophagogastric junctional and gastric cancer when experienced surgeons in high-volume centers follow clearly defined criteria. Implementing these criteria may improve patient outcomes and reduce complications
Understanding Why Postpericardiotomy Syndrome Is More Common After Surgical ASD Closure: A Sneak Peek at Atrial Functions by STE
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine , Haidar Wafaa , AlAbid Sara , AttAllah Theodora , Khraisat Bann , Hafez Beshr
Published: November 2024

Postpericardiotomy syndrome involves the development of pericardial and pleural effusion following open cardiac surgery. To date, it is not completely understood why it is more likely to develop after atrial septal defect closure. This case-based brief report describes a discrepancy in the conduit and reservoir components of atrial functions by speckle tracking echocardiography in a case following ASD closure compared to another case who had a repair of mitral cleft. This finding was associated with a mild effusion developing in ASD postoperative case. Despite the limited proofs brought by these two cases, it should encourage the implementation of larger cohort studies, testing atrial functions by STE, in patients after ASD closure, and calculating the diagnostic accuracy of different components of atrial functions in predicting PPS development.
Treatment of Peritonsillar Abscess in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Galluzzi Francesca , Garavello Werner
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To analyze the treatment options for peritonsillar abscess (PTA) in children.
Methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies regarding treatment of PTA in children. Relevant studies were reviewed based on systematic review (PRISMA) guidelines. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted data was performed.
Results: A total of 12 articles with 2211 cases of PTA were found eligible. All the identified studies were retrospective cohorts. The mean age varied from 8.5 to 15.4 years without gender difference. Treatment options included broad spectrum antibiotic therapy with incision and drainage of the abscess, needle aspiration and immediate tonsillectomy in 69%, 7.6% and 7% of cases, respectively. Antibiotics alone were administered to 16.4% of the subjects. Rate of recurrence of PTA after primary treatment ranged from 2% to 15.8% of cases. Time of recurrence is considered within one or two months. Complications in children with PTA were torticollis, prolonged fever, sepsis, dyspnea and parapharyngeal involvement.
Conclusions: The mainstay of treatment of PTA in children is antibiotic therapy with incision and drainage of the abscess. Alternatives include antibiotic treatment alone or in association with needle aspiration. Immediate tonsillectomy is reserved only a few high-risk patients.
Identification of Health Needs in Ukrainian Refugees Seen in a Primary Care Facility in Tenerife, Spain
Authors: Martín-Dorta Willian Jesús , Marrero-González Cristo Manuel , Díaz-Hernández Eva Lourdes , Brito-Brito Pedro Ruymán , Fernández-Gutiérrez Domingo Ángel , De Colichón Oxana-Migalievna Rebryk , Martín-García Ana Isabel , Pavés-Lorenzo Estrella , Rodríguez-Santos María Candelaria , García-Cabrera Juan Francisco , Núnez-Marrero Janet , García-Hernández Alfonso Miguel
Published: November 2024

Background: Ukrainian refugees fleeing the conflict between Russia and Ukraine may face significant challenges to their physical, psycho-emotional, social, and spiritual wellbeing. Aim: To identify the health needs of Ukrainian refugees seen in primary care facilities in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were obtained through a descriptive analysis of health records, while qualitative data were collected via focus group interviews and thematic analysis of testimonies. Results: The sample comprised 59 individuals (45.4% of all patients seen). Eight participants from five family groups took part in the focus group. The typical profile of a Ukrainian refugee in the Canary Islands is female (79.7%), relatively young, with a high socio-cultural background, generally in good health, travelling alone or with her minor children. The main reasons for consultation were routine health check-ups and control blood tests. The NANDA-I nursing diagnoses indicated a need for psycho-emotional care, with the most prevalent being Risk for Relocation Stress Syndrome (27.1%); Interrupted Family Processes, Disturbed sleep pattern, Risk for Impaired Resilience (13.6% each); and Anxiety (11.9%). Participants rated the healthcare system positively, but language barriers and long waiting times for access to specific services were noted as limitations. Their needs did not significantly differ from those of the local population. Conclusions: This study underscores the need for a tailored approach to refugee care, considering their unique circumstances and needs. Early provision of information about available healthcare services and protocols can facilitate access, manage expectations, and aid decision-making.
Post-Collisional Magmatic Evolution of the Castelo Intrusive Complex, Espírito Santo, Brazil: New U-Pb Geochronological Data and Integration of Petrographic and Isotopic Evidence
Authors: Macedo Iago Mateus Lopes , Potratz Guilherme Loriato , Melo Marilane Gonzaga , Marques Rodson Abreu , Meyer Ana Paula , Rodrigues Renzo Dias , Machado Marcos Silva , Tavares Armando Dias , Geraldes Mauro Cesar
Published: November 2024

The Castelo Intrusive Complex (CIC), located in the southern state of Espírito Santo, southeast-ern Brazil, is a pluton inserted in the context of post-collisional magmatism of the Araçuaí Orogeny, known as Supersuite G5, related to the extensional collapse during the Brasili-ano/Pan-African Orogeny. This work presents an integration of field, petrographic, lithogeo-chemical, and isotopic data, in addition to bringing new U-Pb ages for the CIC and a new geo-logical map. The CIC presents a great compositional variety, presenting rocks of monzogranitic, granodioritic, quartz-monzodioritic, and dioritic compositions that are inserted in the context of mixed magmas. The magma mixing process is generalized in the CIC through field, petro-graphic, lithogeochemical, and isotopic data, in addition to U-Pb data in the different units that attest to the cogeneticity between them. The delamination process promoted the fusion of the asthenospheric mantle. It promoted the anatexis of different portions of the crust, evident through the values of εHf and TDM ages, where later magmatic mechanisms of physical disper-sion (mingling) and chemical diffusion (mixing) favored hybridization and promoted the com-positional diversity of the CIC.
Predicting Pregnancy Risk Levels Using Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques and Oversampling Methods
Authors: Uraimzhan Kyzy Akylai , Mekuria Remudin Reshid
Published: November 2024

Accurate prediction of pregnancy risk levels is essential for preventing maternal and fetal complications. This study explores the application of ensemble machine learning models combined with oversampling techniques to predict pregnancy risk levels. We utilized a publicly available dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, performing extensive feature engineering, including the introduction of new features like Pulse Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure. To address class imbalance, we employed the Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) method. We conducted comprehensive hyperparameter tuning to enhance model performance and achieve optimal predictive results. Additional evaluation metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, and precision-recall curves, were used to assess model per- formance comprehensively. Our findings demonstrate that the Voting Classifier, particularly when combined with ADASYN oversampling and optimized hyperpa- rameters, achieves an accuracy of 87.19% and a macro F1 score of 87.66%, effec- tively distinguishing between ’low risk’ and ’mid risk’ pregnancy cases. This work contributes to the field by enhancing prediction accuracy, providing insights into important features influencing pregnancy risk, and addressing ethical considerations in deploying machine learning models in healthcare.
Influence of Processing on the Technological and Sensory Quality of Bread: State-of-the-Art
Authors: Lomonaco Angela , Galgano Fernanda , Condelli Nicola , Paganoni Cristiano , Mecca Lucia Carmela , Di Cairano Maria
Published: November 2024

The quality of bread is mainly affected by the three key phases of the production chain: kneading, leavening and baking. Each step contributes to the final rheological and sensory properties of the bread. However, especially during the mixing phase, the choice of ingredients and the optimization of processing parameters such as mixing time, dough temperature, mixing speed and total water content, affect the development and microstructure of the dough.
In general, rheological tests measure the technological properties of doughs and represent the main analyses carried out in the bakery sector. Considering the heterogeneity and variability of raw materials and processing conditions, rheology aids in process control and in the simulation of the response of the dough to the complex deformation that it undergoes during its processing. The results obtained can be related to the final structure and the texture of the bread.
Although the effects of mixing and rheological behaviour of wheat doughs have been systematically examined in the literature, there is no comprehensive review of the current knowledge about the effect of the processing on sensory quality and final texture characteristics. This paper aims to shed light on factors that affect the quality of bread, emphasizing both technological and sensory aspects.
Epigenetic Biomarkers as a New Diagnostic Tool in Bladder Cancer – from Early Detection to Prognosis
Authors: Jaszek Natalia , Bogdanowicz Alicja , Siwiec Jan , Starownik Radosław , Kwaśniewski Wojciech , Mlak Radosław
Published: November 2024

Bladder cancer (BC) currently ranks as the 9th most common cancer worldwide. It is characterized by a very high rate of recurrence and metastasis. Most cases of BC are of urothelial origin, and due to its ability to penetrate muscle tissue, it is divided into non-muscle-invasive BC (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive BC (MIBC). The current diagnosis of BC is still based primarily on invasive cystoscopy, which is an expensive and invasive method that carries a risk of various complications. Urine sediment cytology is often used as a complementary test, the biggest drawback of which is its very low sensitivity concerning detecting BC at early stages, which is crucial for prompt implementation of appropriate treatment. Therefore, there is a great need to develop innovative diagnostic techniques that would enable early detection and accurate prognosis of BC. Great potential in this regard is shown by epigenetic changes, which are often possible to observe long before the onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. In addition, these changes can be detected in readily available biological material such as urine or blood, indicating the possibility of constructing non-invasive diagnostic tests. Over the past few years, many studies have emerged using epigenetic alterations as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of BC. This review provides an update on promising diagnostic biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of BC based on epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and expression levels of selected non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) taking into account the latest literature data.
Enhancing Cybersecurity through Machine Learning Applications: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Thawait Naveen Kumar
Published: November 2024

Machine learning (ML) is changing cybersecurity by enabling progressed discovery, anticipation and reaction instruments. This paper gives a comprehensive survey of ML's part in cybersecurity, looking at both hypothetical systems and down to earth usage. It diagrams the rising dangers focusing on ML models, such as ill-disposed assaults, information harming and show reversal assaults and examines state-of-the-art defense procedures, counting ill-disposed preparing, vigorous models and differential protection. Furthermore, the paper investigates different ML applications in cybersecurity from interruption location to malware classification, highlighting their affect on improving security measures. An peculiarity induction calculation is proposed for the early discovery of cyber-intrusions at the substations. Cybersecurity has ended up a imperative investigate range. The paper concludes with a discourse on the key inquire about bearings and best hones for making secure and versatile ML frameworks in a data-driven world. This paper dives into how Machine Learning (ML) revolutionizes cybersecurity, enabling progressed discovery, avoidance, and reaction components. It offers a exhaustive investigation of ML's urgent part in cybersecurity, enveloping hypothetical systems and viable applications. It addresses rising dangers like ill-disposed assaults and information harming, nearby cutting-edge defense techniques such as antagonistic preparing and strong models.
The Diagnostic Potential of Elastosonography in Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Tammo ömer , ÇELİK ENES , Yıldız Süleyman , SÖYLEMEZ ESRA , UYSAL EMRE , GÖKHANER YURDAGÜL TOLU
Published: November 2024

Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy, reliability, and efficacy of elastosonography in the diagnosis of cesarean scar pregnancy. To this end, the present study will compare the elastosonography findings in patients with cesarean scar pregnancy with those obtained through definitive diagnostic methods and investigate the diagnostic potential of elastosonography.
MATERIAL AND METHOD:
This prospective cohort study was conducted at Mardin Training and Research Hospital between October 2023 and January 2024. Patients with a cesarean scar pregnancy between six and twelve weeks of gestation were evaluated. The stiffness and elasticity of the scar tissue were assessed using elastosonography, and the diagnostic accuracy of this method was evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained through definitive diagnostic procedures.
RESULTS:
In this study, the demographic and clinical characteristics of 61 patients with cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 32 years, the mean gestational age was 8.4 weeks, the mean BMI was 27.2, the mean parity was 1.9, and the mean number of previous cesarean sections was 1.3. While the elasticity of the scar tissue decreased with increasing gestational week, no significant correlation was found between age, BMI, parity, and number of previous cesarean sections and elastosonography findings. The gestational sac strain ratio, myometrial shear wave velocity, and scar stiffness, as measured by elastosonography, were found to be significant in the diagnosis of CSP. Conversely, the beta-hCG and fetal heart rate parameters did not contribute significantly to the diagnosis.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that elastosonography has the potential to serve as a diagnostic tool for the identification of pregnancies in cases of cesarean section scar. The findings indicate that elastosonographic parameters, including the gestational sac tension ratio, myometrium shear wave velocity, and scar stiffness, may prove useful in diagnosing pregnancy in a cesarean scar. Further research is required to ascertain the full clinical utility of this technique. However, this study provides valuable information on the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of elastosonography in the evaluation of pregnancy in a cesarean scar.
The Effect of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation on Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Health Status in Middle-aged and Elderly people: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Xufeng , Wang Jialu , Zhou Xiaobo , Sun Xiaomin , Xu Ruijie , Zhao Yubo , Zhang Xingru , Zhang Tianxiao , Zhao Sidi , Chen Tianxiao , Wu Qian , Wang Youfa
Published: November 2024

Background: The rapid population aging is becoming a serious health crisis. This study aims to evaluate the effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on enhancing Secretory immunoglobulin A and health in middle-aged and elderly people.
Methods: A total of 188 persons aged 50 to 85 years participated in this 90-day randomized, double-blind, controlled trial and were randomly assigned to intervention or positive control groups. The intervention group received bovine colostrum (BC) supplement containing rich probiotics and whey protein, while the positive control group received regular milk powder, both twice a day. The primary outcome was the change in the concentration of saliva secretory immunoglobulin A.
Results: There were 171 participants completed the trial. The concentration of saliva secretory immunoglobulin A increased in both groups（P 0.05). The level of serum immunoglobulin A in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Food Frequency Questionnaire results showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were no differences in nutrient intake and physical activity between the two groups (P > 0.05). In self-reported health status, both groups showed significant improvements in sleep quality (P < 0.05). The incidence of oral ulcers decreased in total（19.7% vs 8.8%) (P < 0.01), and the reduction was significant in the intervention group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The results showed that BC supplement powder intervention for 90 days may provide beneficial health care effects in middle-aged and elderly people and promote healthy aging, but the differences in the effects of BC supplement powder and ordinary milk powder on salivary sIgA need to be further studied.
The Axillary Floral Bud Removal Induced Metabolomics Remodeling and Paradormancy Release in Local Axillary Shoot Bud of Camellia sinensis CV Huangdan
Authors: Chen Mingjie , Du Zhenghua , Yue Wenjie , Kong Xiangrui , Xu Quanming , Fang Dongsheng , Chen Changsong
Published: November 2024

In angiosperms, paradormancy, a phenomenon that the growth of axillary buds be arrested by the biochemical signals from other organs or tissues, has been extensively investigated in deciduous perennial woody species. However, little attention has been paid to paradormancy set and release in perennial evergreen trees. Camellia sinensis cv Huangdan develops axillary floral buds and axillary shoot buds within same leaf node simultaneously, with growing floral buds repressing shoot buds leading to their paradormancy. In this study, we manually removed the axillary floral buds, then harvested the axillary shoot buds after 1- and 3- days of the floral bud removal, untargeted metabolomics were conducted to identify metabolome remodeling patterns during paradormancy-to-growth transition. Our data suggest that the restricted supply of reducing hexose and ammonium to the axillary shoot buds could be the major cause leading to their paradormancy. The axillary shoot buds were released from paradormancy one day after the axillary floral bud removal, this transition was accompanied with mobilization and reconfiguration for multiple primary and secondary metabolites. These metabolome reprogramming could help establish the reactive oxygen species gradients along leaf bud meristem, thus facilitate paradormancy set or release. This study provides novel insights about paradormancy set and release in a perennial evergreen tree species.
Increased Extreme Precipitation in Western North America from Cut-Off Lows Under a Warming Climate
Authors: Pinheiro Henri , Ambrizzi Tercio , Hodges and Kevin
Published: November 2024

Cut-off Low (COL) pressure systems significantly influence local weather in regions with high COL frequency, such as western North America. However, future changes in COL frequency, intensity, and precipitation patterns remain uncertain. This study examines projected COL changes and their drivers in western North America under a high-emission scenario (SSP585) using a multi-model ensemble from CMIP6 and a feature tracking algorithm. We compare historical simulations (1980-2009) and future projections (2070-2099), revealing a marked increase in COL track density during summer in the northeast Pacific and western United States, while a strong decrease is projected for winter, associated with shifts in jet streams. Climate models project an increase in COL-related precipitation in future climate, with winter and spring experiencing more intense and localized precipitation, while autumn showing a more widespread precipitation pattern. Additionally, there is an increased frequency of extreme precipitation events, though accompanied by large uncertainties. The projected increase in extreme precipitation highlights the need to understand COL dynamics for effective climate adaptation in affected areas. Further research should aim to refine projections and reduce uncertainties, supporting better-informed policy and decision-making.
Classification and Controlling Factors of Different Types of Pore Throat in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs Based on Fractal Features-a Case Study of Xujiahe Formation in Western Sichuan Depression
Authors: Guan Xiaodie , Xiao Dianshi , Jin Hui , Cui Junfeng , Wang Min , Shao Haoming , Zheng Lehua , Wang Rui
Published: November 2024

The effects of high debris content on tight sandstone reservoirs are multifaceted. Pore structure is an important factor controlling reservoir quality. Clarifying the effects of different types of rock debris on reservoirs is necessary to study the pore structure and their control factors of tight sandstones. The Western Sichuan Depression with complex rock components, containing multiple types of rock debris, leads to strong heterogeneity of pore throats, so it is necessary to study the factors controlling the development of different types of pore throats in tight reservoirs. In this paper, the Fourth member of Xujiahe Foramtion(T3x4) is taken as the research object. Based on high-pressure mercury intrusion experiments and the fractal theory, the types of pore throats and their heterogeneity in tight reservoirs were studied, the relationship of fractal dimensions with reservoir physical properties, pore structure, and rock compositions were investigated, and then the controlling factors for the development of different types of pore throats are clarified. The studies show that there are four types of pore throats developed in the T3x4 of the western Sichuan depression, including primary intergranular pore-throats, residual intergranular pore-throats, dissolution pore-throats, and intercrystalline pore-throats, among which the homogeneity of dissolution pore-throats are the best, followed by residual intergranular pore-throats and intercrystalline pore-throats, and the primary intergranular pore-throats the most heterogeneous. Brittle minerals such as quartz and metamorphic debris, as well as early developed films of chlorite and illite mainly control the development of intergranular pore-throats. Potassium feldspar mainly controls the development of dissolution pore-throats, while plastic debris, volcanic debris, and kaolinite play a destructive role for all types of pore-throats. The high-quality reservoirs in the T3x4 are controlled by the development of primary intergranular pore throats and dissolution pore throats, and they are mainly developed in environments with strong hydrodynamic conditions, large rock grain sizes, high content of brittle minerals such as quartz and metamorphic debris, extensive development of chlorite and illite films, and low content of mudstone debris, matrix, and cemented materials. This study is of guiding significance in clarifying the causes of heterogeneity in different types of pore-throat systems in tight sandstones and the formation mechanism of high-quality reservoirs in tight sandstones with high content of debris.
Agro-Industrial Effluents: A Strategic Input Material for the Generation of Biomass and Added-Value Bioproducts in Arid Regions
Authors: Rizzo Pedro Federico , Aguado Germán , Funes Pinter Iván , Martínez Laura , Ferrari Florencia , De Biazi Federico , Martín Pablo , Flores Gustavo , Uliarte Martin , Sanchéz Antoni
Published: November 2024

Agro-industrial activities generate significant amounts of organic waste and a variety of effluents, thus posing environmental challenges. Viticulture in Argentina, covering 204,847 ha in 2023, faces water scarcity as a limiting factor conditioning its production. This industry produces large volumes of grape marc, sediments, and stalks, which can be valorized into products like alcohol, tartaric acid, and compost. However, these valorization processes generate effluents with high organic load and salinity, further stressing water resources. This study explores the potential of utilizing these effluents to cultivate plant biomass in arid regions (sorghum or perennial pasture), which could serve as bioenergy, animal feed, or composting co-substrates, contributing to circular bioeconomy principles. Sorghum plots showed better establishment and higher dry biomass yield (32.6 Tn/ha) compared to pasture (6.5 Tn/ha). Sorghum demonstrated better tolerance to saline soils and high salinity effluents, aligning with previous studies. Although pasture had lower biomass yield, it was more efficient in nutrient uptake, concentrating more NPK, ash, and soluble salts. Sorghum's higher yield compensates for its lower nutrient concentration. For biomass production, sorghum is preferable, but if nutrient capture from effluents is prioritized, summer polyphytic pastures are more suitable. These results suggest that the final selection between plant biomass alternatives highly depends on whether the goal is biomass generation or nutrient capture.
Electroacupuncture Mitigates TRPV1 Overexpression in the Central Nervous System Associated with Fibromyalgia in Mice
Authors: Doan Thi Ngoc Anh , Lin Yi-Wen
Published: November 2024

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic pain, significantly affecting the quality of life and functional capabilities of patients. In addition to pain, patients may experience insomnia, chronic fatigue, depression, anxiety, and headaches, further complicating their overall well-being. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor responds to various noxious stimuli and plays a key role in regulating pain sensitivity and inflammation. Thus, targeting TRPV1 may provide analgesic and anti-inflammatory benefits. This study investigates the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in alleviating chronic pain in FM through TRPV1 and its downstream molecules in central nervous system (CNS). Methods: To model FM, we subjected mice to intermittent cold stress (ICS) for three days. The study comprised five rodent groups: Control, Intermitten cold stress induced FM (ICS), ICS + Electroacupuncture (EA), ICS + Sham Electroacupuncture (sham EA), and ICS + KO (TRPV1 knockout mice). Results: Our findings revealed that ICS induced allodynia and hyperalgesia in mice by day four, persisting until day 21. EA at 2 Hz and TRPV1 knockout significantly decreased both mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity (Withdrawal - Day 14: 2.43 ± 0.19 g; Day 21: 5.88 ± 0.47 g, n = 6, p < 0.05; Latency - Day 14: 2.77 ± 0.22 s; Day 21: 5.85 ± 0.41 s, n = 6, p < 0.05). In contrast, sham EA did not produce significant effects. Additionally, TRPV1 and several pain-related proteins were significantly elevated in the thalamus, somatosensory cortex (SSC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum regions V (CB V), VI (CB VI) and VII (CB VII) after ICS model. Both EA at ST36 acupoint and TRPV1 knockout mice diminished overexpression of pain-related proteins, with the sham EA group showing no significant changes compared to the ICS group. Conclusion: Chronic widespread pain was reduced by EA and TRPV1 knockout, with the effects of EA on the TRPV1 pain pathway clearly evident in CNS after 21 days.