bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the response of the Marina District Basin, San Francisco, California, to the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
Authors: Zhang Bin , Papageorgiou Apostolos S.
Published: July 2023

In an attempt to estimate the intensity of ground motion that the Marina District, San Francisco, California, experienced during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, we investigate the 3D seismic response of a 2D model (referred to in the present article as “2.5D model”) of a SW-NE trending cross section of the Marina Basin. As a first step in this endeavor, the simulated elastic response characteristics of the model are compared with recorded aftershock data. The comparison, in terms of peak amplitudes, duration, and frequency content of the time response, is favorable. In simulating the response of the Marina Basin to the Loma Prieta mainshock excitation, we account for the effect of soil nonlinearities by an iterative procedure, referred to as the “equivalent linear approach” according to which the values of soil damping and stiffness are selected to be consistent with the level of strain. Our results show that accelerations and velocities may have reached values as high as 0.23 g and 34 cm/sec, respectively; strains induced by wave propagation were of the order of 10−4, while spectral acceleration Sa for damping ratio 5% reached values as high as 0.8 g for periods in the range of 0.8≦T≦1.2 sec, which contains the fundamental frequencies of the most heavily damaged structures in the Marina District. The simulations confirm the conjecture made by Hanks and Brady (1991) that the motion recorded at Treasure Island is the most likely strong-motion surrogate for the filled areas of the Marina District.

Based on the results of the simulations, it may be stated that for strong-motion (i.e., large strain) excitation, 3D focusing and lateral interferences, while still present, are not as prominent as in the weak-motion (i.e., small-strain) excitation case. The above conclusion suggests that, in general, the damping characteristics of soil deposits (particularly of poorly consolidated soft-soil deposits, i.e., mean shear-wave velocity of the upper 30 m of deposits, less than 200 m/sec), selected to be consistent with the level of strain induced by the seismic excitation, are a key factor in controlling the nature of the overall response of a sedimentary basin. Finally, in computing empirical amplification ratios based on recorded motions, selection of an appropriate “free-field” motion, representative of the incident excitation, is very crucial.
Monochromatic T waves from underwater volcanoes in the pacific ocean: Ringing witnesses to geyser processes?
Authors: Talandier Jacques , Okal Emile A.
Published: July 2023

We analyze swarms of exceptionally intense and sustained T waves recorded during 1991 through 1994 at the Polynesian seismic array. The strongest swarm lasted 15 months and originated southwest of the Eltanin fracture zone, in the immediate vicinity of a documented seamount associated with a recognized volcanic chain branching out of the local segment of the mid-oceanic ridge. The Eltanin T waves are characterized by an exceptionally monochromatic spectrum featuring a single line (of a few Hertz frequency) in the range 2 to 80 Hz. While no similar characteristics had previously been observed in 25 yr of recording in Polynesia, comparable spectra were recorded during a 1993 swarm at the Revilla Gigedo Islands, following by 4 months a documented eruption of Socorro Island. In both cases, we interpret the T waves as evidence of a major underwater volcanic process. The existence of a single resonating frequency, and in particular the absence of any overtones, is generally not compatible with the now classical models of the resonance of a fluid-filled crack, and we speculate that the source of the phenomenon may be the oscillation of a bubbly liquid, which could result from vaporization of seawater in the presence of a large lava lake.
Constraints for upper mantle shear-wave models of the basin and range from surface-wave inversion
Authors: Koch K. , Stump B. W.
Published: July 2023

Several earthquakes in a limited region on the coast of Northern California and off the coast of Oregon have provided a set of broadband regional seismograms at Lajitas (LTX). The significant Love and Rayleigh waves contained in these waveforms have repetitively sampled the same source-receiver path within the Basin and Range province. Previous studies for this path (using a subset of these sources) of mantle S waves suggest a smoothly varying S velocity structure above 400 km followed by a strong gradient between 400 and 700 km. These data are unable to uniquely constrain the shear velocity at shallower depths. Surface-wave inversions are performed in order to refine the upper mantle S-wave model using group- and phase-velocity dispersion for periods between 10 and 100 sec. This period range gives good resolution for sub-Moho depths extending into the low-velocity zone. Group velocities are extracted by multiple filter analysis and show significant differences for events on- and off-shore at periods around 50 sec. This effect can be shown to be an interference pattern with the mantle S body-wave arrivals. As single-station data were used, phase velocities are estimated by phase-matched filtering. The recovered surface-wave dispersion data are used in an inversion procedure to recover a shear-wave structure for the Basin and Range path to LTX that consists of a relatively thin mantle lid underlain by a low-velocity channel extending to a depth of 200 km. Structure below 200 km is poorly resolved and trades off with shallower structure. The Rayleigh-wave group-velocity data favor shear-velocity models with a ridge within the low-velocity zone with velocities 0.05 to 0.2 km/sec higher than the background.
Automatic time-domain calculation of source parameters for the analysis of induced seismicity
Authors: Urbancic T. I. , Trifu C.-I. , Mercer R. A. , Feustel A. J. , Alexander J. A. G.
Published: July 2023

A time-domain methodology for the automatic (on-line) calculation of source parameters is introduced. The method is based on applying Parseval's theorem to the spectral equations proposed by Andrews (1986). The appropriateness of the technique for the analysis of induced seismicity was tested by comparing on-line values of seismic moment, seismic energy, and static stress drop with those obtained in the frequency domain (off-line) for an aftershock sequence of events recorded underground at Creighton mine, Ontario. Our analysis shows that the calculated on-line and off-line source parameters are in good agreement, with an average slope offset of 4% from the 1:1 line, suggesting that the proposed method is reliable. Additionally, by applying empirical on-line attenuation corrections (coda Q), similar results are obtained to those calculated using off-line corrections (spectral decay), improving the average slope offset to 1%.
On the coherence of ground motion in the San Fernando Valley
Authors: Hough S.  E. , Field E.  H.
Published: July 2023

We present an analysis of the coherence of seismic ground motion recorded on alluvial sediments in the San Fernando Valley, California. Using aftershocks of the 17 January 1994 Mw6.7 earthquake recorded at a quasi-dense array of portable stations, we analyze the coherence of three well-recorded magnitude 3.7 to 4.0 events over the frequency range 0.5 to 15 Hz and a distance range of 0.5 to 5.3 km. All stations are located at sites with broadly similar near-site geology, characterized by medium to fine-grain Quaternary alluvial sediments. On average, relatively high values of coherence are observed for distances up to 3 to 4 km and frequencies up to 2 to 3 Hz; coherence drops sharply at frequencies near and above 3 Hz. Although average coherence functions are described reasonably well by a log-linear relationship with frequency, the curves at all distances exhibit a flattening at low frequencies that is not consistent with previous observations of coherence at hardrock sites. The distance decay of coherence is also markedly less strong, with high coherence values observed over station separations corresponding to multiple wavelengths. This may reflect fundamental differences in shallow-wave propagation in the two environments, with high-frequency scattering relatively more dominant in regions of hard-rock near-surface geology. Within a sedimentary basin or valley, the site response itself generally reflects a resonance phenomenon that may tend to give rise to more uniform ground motions. However, previous studies have demonstrated the existence of pathological focusing and amplification effects within complex sedimentary basin environments such as the greater Los Angeles region; our results undoubtedly do not quantify the full range of ground-motion variability at all sites, but rather represent the level of that variability that can be expected, and quantified, for typical source/receiver paths.
Control of strong motion by the upper 30 meters
Authors: Anderson John  G. , Lee Yajie , Zeng Yuehua , Day Steven
Published: July 2023

Local site effects have an enormous influence on the character of ground motions. Currently, soil categories and site factors used in building codes for seismic design are generally based on, or at least correlated with, the seismic velocity of the surface layer. We note, however, that the upper 30 m (a typical depth of investigation) would almost never represent more than 1% of the distance from the source; 0.1% to 0.2% would be more typical of situations where motion is damaging. We investigate the influence of this thin skin on the high-frequency properties of seismograms. We examine properties of seismograms consisting of vertically propagating S waves through an arbitrarily complex stack of flat, solid, elastic layers, where the properties of the lowermost layer (taken at 5 km depth) and a surface layer (thickness 30 m) are constrained. Input at the bottom of the stack is an impulse. We find that the character of the seismograms, and the peak spectral frequencies, are strongly influenced by the properties of the intervening layers. However, for infinite Q, the integral of amplitude squared at the surface (which determines energy if the input and output are regarded as velocity, or Arias intensity if the input and output are regarded as acceleration) is independent of the intervening layers. Also, the peak amplitude of the seismogram at the surface is relatively independent of the intervening properties. For finite, frequency-independent Q, the integral of amplitude squared and peak amplitude decrease as t* increases. There is some scatter that depends on the intervening layers, but it is surprisingly small.

These calculations suggest that the surficial geology has a greater influence on ground motions than might be expected based on its thickness alone. They suggest that variable influences of Q along the entire path have a comparable importance for predictions of ground motions. Finally, they suggest that detailed characterization of deeper velocity structure in regions where a 1D model is appropriate gives only a limited amount of added information. Based on our 1D numerical results, we propose a new method to characterize these properties as site factors that could be used in building codes. Full three-dimensional synthetics are tested and give a similar conclusion.
A neotectonic study of the San Miguel-Vallecitos fault, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Hirabayashi C.  Kenji , Rockwell Thomas  K. , Wesnousky Steven  G. , Stirling Mark  W. , Suarez-Vidal Francisco
Published: July 2023

The San Miguel strand of the San Miguel-Vallecitos fault zone displaces an alluvial ridge 23+5/−10 m in the vicinity of Dolores Mountain. The same section of fault produced surface rupture during the M6.8 earthquake of 1956. We estimate a minimum age of the ridge at between 110+150/−60 ka by comparing soil development on the offset ridge to two soil chronosequences in southern California. Dividing the measured offset by the age of the ridge places a maximum range on the fault slip rate of 0.2+0.35/−0.15 mm/yr. Excavations along and across the fault at the same site revealed at least 80 cm and probably 115 cm of right-lateral offset of a now-buried stream channel deposit. We attribute the 115-cm offset to the 1956 M6.8 earthquake, a displacement that is slightly larger than previously reported for this earthquake. Dividing the 80 to 115 cm of displacement by the calculated fault slip rate yields an estimated return time for similar-sized events of about 5.8+17/−4.3 ka. Similarly, dividing the slip expected for rupture of the entire 160-km length of the San Miguel-Vallecitos fault zone by the fault slip rate yields an estimate of return time of Mw7.8 earthquakes of about 80 ka. The slip rate determined from this study is at least an order of magnitude less than that contributed by the Agua Blanca fault and indicates that the San Miguel fault zone transfers less than about 1% of the plate motions.

The San Miguel fault shows a complex fault trace and registers a small value of cumulative geologic offset (maximum of 0.6 km). When combining the geological estimates of magnitude and return time of the largest earthquakes with magnitude-frequency data recorded along the San Miguel fault by the RESNOR seismic network during the period 1976 to 1991, we observe that the shape of the magnitude-frequency distribution along the fault may be described by the Gutenberg-Richter relationship Log n = a − bM. In contrast, along-strike-slip faults in southern California that are characterized by orders of magnitude more cumulative offset and less complex fault traces, we observe that extrapolation of earthquake frequency statistics from the instrumental record of seismicity severely underestimates the rate of occurrence of maximum expected events. We speculate that the relatively high productivity of small earthquakes along the San Miguel fault reflects a more heterogeneous stress field associated with the incipient and complex nature of the fault trace.
Geomorphic evidence for Holocene earthquakes in the Olinghouse fault zone, western Nevada
Authors: Sanders Christopher O. , Slemmons D. Burton
Published: July 2023

Mapping and morphologic analysis of young fault scarps in the Olinghouse fault zone of western Nevada yields information about the ages and magnitudes of Holocene-late Pleistocene surface-rupturing earthquakes. Twenty profiles of single-event scarps in the eastern third of the fault zone yield ages that average 4.5 ± 2.0 ka. Ages were determined assuming linear diffusion of scarp material, with the diffusion coefficient as a function of scarp offset determined from profiles of Lake Lahontan high-stand shorelines located nearby. The mid-Holocene age is consistent with the observation that the scarps are cutting alluvial material that buries the 15.4-ka shorelines. The minimum length of faulting during this earthquake was 8 km, and the maximum normal fault offset was about 1 m, suggesting an earthquake of about M 6.7. Several older scarp segments have cumulative normal offsets of 2.5 to 4.8 m and one or two crest bevels above the most recent scarp slope, suggesting that two to three earthquakes have formed these scarps. The average diffusion age of five multiple-event scarp profiles is about 13 ka. If this represents a weighted average of the ages of the earthquakes that formed the scarps, then two or three large earthquakes have occurred since about 21 ka, which gives a speculative average recurrence period of 8 to 16 kyr. Historical accounts and geomorphic evidence of young left-slip offsets of up to 3.6 m (M 7.1) at the western end of the Olinghouse fault zone suggest that it may have ruptured historically. Thus, the potential exists for large earthquake generation all along the 20+ km length of the fault zone.
Rare, large earthquakes at the Laramide deformation front—Colorado (1882) and Wyoming (1984)
Authors: Spence William , Langer C.  J. , Choy George  L.
Published: July 2023

The largest historical earthquake known in Colorado occurred on 7 November 1882. Knowledge of its size, location, and specific tectonic environment is important for the design of critical structures in the rapidly growing region of the Southern Rocky Mountains. More than one century later, on 18 October 1984, an mb 5.3 earthquake occurred in the Laramie Mountains, Wyoming. By studying the 1984 earthquake, we are able to provide constraints on the location and size of the 1882 earthquake. Analysis of broadband seismic data shows the 1984 mainshock to have nucleated at a depth of 27.5 ± 1.0 km and to have ruptured ‖ 2.7 km updip, with a corresponding average displacement of about 48 cm and average stress drop of about 180 bars. This high stress drop may explain why the earthquake was felt over an area about 3.5 times that expected for a shallow earthquake of the same magnitude in this region. A microearthquake survey shows aftershocks to be just above the mainshock's rupture, mostly in a volume measuring 3 to 4 km across. Focal mechanisms for the mainshock and aftershocks have NE-SW-trending T axes, a feature shared by most earthquakes in western Colorado and by the induced Denver earthquakes of 1967.

The only data for the 1882 earthquake were intensity reports from a heterogeneously distributed population. Interpretation of these reports also might be affected by ground-motion amplification from fluvial deposits and possible significant focal depth for the mainshock. The primary aftershock of the 1882 earthquake was felt most strongly in the northern Front Range, leading Kirkham and Rogers (1985) to locate the epicenters of the aftershock and mainshock there. The Front Range is a geomorphic extension of the Laramie Mountains. Both features are part of the eastern deformation front of the Laramide orogeny. Based on knowledge of regional tectonics and using intensity maps for the 1984 and the 1967 Denver earthquakes, we reinterpret prior intensity maps for the 1882 earthquake as reflecting low population to the north and east of available intensity data. We estimate that, had there been a more evenly distributed population, the 1882 earthquake would have been felt over an area of about 850,000 km2, with a corresponding moment magnitude (Mw) of 6.6 ± 0.6. Our study, in the context of regional tectonics, implies that rare earthquakes of magnitude up to Mw 6.6 ± 0.6, at depths from shallow to mid-crustal, are possible throughout the Laramie Mountains and the Front Range, approximately from Casper, Wyoming, to Pueblo, Colorado.
Characteristics of short-period wave propagation in regions of Fennoscandia, with emphasis on Lg
Authors: Vogfjörd Kristín  S. , Langston Charles  A.
Published: July 2023

Wave propagation of crustal phases, in particular Lg, near the ARCESS array in northern Norway is examined and compared to propagation characteristics near the NORESS array in southern Norway. Relying on array analysis, we show that ray-theory explanations of arrivals in local and regional seismograms are very useful in deducing the composition of the crustal wave trains. Frequency-wavenumber analysis is applied to the array data to identify the arrivals; then a composite of array beams is used to approximate each event. Record sections of composite seismograms are constructed for different directions from ARCESS to study propagational characteristics with distance and azimuth and then compared to composite-seismogram record sections from NORESS to study different regional characteristics. To model the observed character of Lg and Rg, synthetic record sections are constructed by wavenumber integration in velocity models representative of structure in the different regions. The results show that Rg propagation distance varies significantly between regions and that the velocity gradient in the lower crust is the dominant factor in specifying Lg characteristics in the Baltic shield region. Lg is dominated by several discrete arrivals representing multiple Moho reflections, or by multiple Moho reflections and turning waves, with each multiple confined to a small distance range so that only one multiple set dominates at each distance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that incomplete knowledge of the propagation characteristics leads to mislocations of local and regional events and inhibits source-depth discrimination of events. We identify three earthquakes in the ARCESS data set based on source depths. These are constrained by phase velocities and depth phases, none of which were properly identified by the automatic array-detection software.
Seismic radiation from explosively loaded cavities in isotropic and transversely isotropic media
Authors: Gibson R.  L. , Toksöz M.  N. , Dong W.
Published: July 2023

We analyze the influence of cavity shape on far-field seismic-wave radiation from small explosion sources in isotropic and transversely isotropic media using the indirect boundary-element method (BEM). The analysis utilizes two possible mathematical models for the pressure fields generated by the explosion in the acoustic medium inside the cavity. One simple model for the source is a volume injection (explosion) point source inside the cavity, which generates a pressure field that arrives approximately instantaneously at each point on the cavity wall. The amplitude of the field decays at a rate inversely proportional to propagation distance. We use this model to compare results with finite-difference solutions, and the test confirms the accuracy of the BEM implementation. Strong compressional and shear signals propagate into the far-field from the source cavity, and the compressional-wave amplitude depends strongly on direction of propagation. The behavior is similar at frequencies up to 200 Hz, including those typical of regional seismic-wave propagation (1 to 10 Hz).

A second model of the source, one that has been applied in previous analytical and numerical work, is to assume that the explosion will instantaneously and uniformly pressurize the source cavity. This approach yields a radiation pattern that is very different from the point source model. The compressional-wave radiation patterns have a large variation in signal strength and very strong shear waves when frequencies up to 200 Hz are included, but seismograms computed for frequency ranges of interest in regional wave propagation (around 1 Hz) have a nearly isotropic compressional-wave radiation pattern and a much smaller shear wave. This shear wave is largest for long, tunnel-like cavities or short, disklike cavities. When the cavity is located in a transversely isotropic medium, quasi-shear waves are generated, but, for the media we consider, their magnitude decreases for long, tunnel-like cavities and is larger for more equidimensional cavities. These somewhat counterintuitive results show that anisotropy can actually cause a radiation pattern to appear more isotropic than the corresponding wave fields in an isotropic medium.
On the probability of mistaking an earthquake for an explosion using the simplicity of P
Authors: Bowers David
Published: July 2023

The observation that P waves from an earthquake are generally more complex than those from an underground explosion was first noted in the 1960s. This difference in P-wave character may still be the only way of identifying small earthquakes close to the detection threshold of a given station network. However, there are certain earthquakes that produce simple seismograms. The frequency at which such earthquakes are mistaken for explosions, using the complexity criterion, is known as the false alarm rate. A simple seismogram can be defined as having only one large-amplitude phase that can be caused by several mechanisms. We examine the proportion of simple seismograms produced by a randomly oriented double-couple source buried in three different crustal structures, observed at a single station at a range of epicentral distances. The model predicts that if the hypocenter of a small earthquake (near the detection threshold) is in a region with thick sediments, then the false alarm rate at a single station can be as high as 50% in the teleseismic distance range (30° to 90°). The results suggest that the false alarm rate is minimized if (1) array stations are used, (2) the station is at a large epicentral distance, (3) the source region structure has few layers, or (4) the disturbance is recorded at more than one station.
On the variation of slip direction during earthquake rupture: Supporting and conflicting evidence from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
Authors: Guatteri Mariagiovanna , Cocco Massimo
Published: July 2023

The direction of the slip can change during a rupture episode as a function of time and/or of the position on the fault plane. In this work, we focus on the spatial variations of slip direction during an earthquake. Theoretically, the spatial variations of rake are caused by changes in the direction of the static and dynamic traction. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake provides one of the most striking examples of slip direction rotation during the coseismic rupture. All the source models obtained by using different inversion procedures show strong spatial partitioning of slip into strike-slip motion SE of the epicenter and dip-slip motion in the NW section. In this study, we perform both forward waveform modeling and waveform inversion tests to check if the previously observed variations of rake are constrained by seismological data. We use the isochrone approach and a tomographic back-projection algorithm to solve the forward modeling and the inverse problem, respectively. Results show that observed ground velocities can be well reproduced by source models having spatial slip distribution similar to the Beroza's (1991) inversion solution, but having constant rake. Synthetic inversion tests point out that the inversion procedure does not constrain the slip direction. We have analyzed the S-wave polarization in order to constrain the direction of slip along the fault. This analysis confirms that a predominant strike component (rake ∼ 160°) characterizes the slip direction in the southeastern section, while an increase of the reverse component in the northwest section of the fault allows one to explain the observed polarization well. An oblique mechanism is consistent with the fault-plane solution, confirming a spatial variation of the slip direction during the earthquake. If the rake actually varied, then a nonuniform prestress condition (due to a change in fault geometry or to a redistribution of static stress) or a spatially inhomogeneous stress release should be proposed in order to explain the observed changes of slip direction. We conclude that a nonuniform prestress is a likely explanation for the inferred rake rotations. These variations of the direction of slip involve a low value of the initial stress.
Macroseismic study of shallow earthquakes in the central and eastern parts of the trans-Mexican volcanic belt, Mexico
Authors: Suter Max , Carrillo-Martínez Miguel , Quintero-Legorreta Odranoel
Published: July 2023

We present isoseismal maps for eight shallow earthquakes (1887 Pinal de Amoles, 1912 Acambay, 1920 Jalapa, 1950 Ixmiquilpan, 1976 Cardonal, 1979 Maravatío, 1987 Actopan, and 1989 Landa; 4.1 ≦ mb ≦ 6.9) that occurred in the central and eastern parts of the trans-Mexican volcanic belt. Based on their intensity distributions, we can relate several of these earthquakes to east-west striking Quaternary normal faults known from geological observations. Furthermore, we derive for these events, by empirical curve fitting, linear relations between the magnitude calculated from the instrumental record, the intensity distribution, and the maximum intensity. The comparison of these relations with equations from the literature suggests that the area shaken with a certain intensity by an earthquake in the trans-Mexican volcanic belt is approximately 10 times smaller than the area shaken by a shallow earthquake of the same magnitude in the intracratonic part of North America. Moreover, we use the derived relationships between magnitude, isoseismal area, and maximum intensity to estimate the intensity magnitude Mi of the 1887 Pinal de Amoles earthquake as 5.3 ± 0.5.
Earth-flattening transformation for P-SV waves
Authors: Bhattacharya S.  N.
Published: July 2023

We consider a layered nongravitating spherical Earth where in each layer P- and S-wave velocities are proportional to r and Lame's elastic parameters λ and μ are proportional to rp, where r is the radial distance and p is an arbitrary constant. In this article, the solutions of equations of motion in each layer are obtained in terms of exponential functions, and the expression for the stress-displacement matrix becomes similar to that for a flat-layered Earth. Thus, widely used formulations of a flat-layered Earth can be applied to study P-SV waves in a spherical-layered Earth through the transformation proposed here. When p = −2, explicit expressions are obtained for eigenvalues appearing in the solutions, and this makes the transformation further simplified. The transformation is applied, as an example, to find (1) the roots of the secular function and (2) eigenfunctions of Rayleigh waves in a spherical Earth through available formulations for a flat Earth.
The Galaxidi earthquake of 18 November 1992: A possible asperity within the normal fault system of the Gulf of Corinth (Greece)
Authors: Hatzfeld D. , Kementzetzidou D. , Karakostas V. , Ziazia M. , Nothard S. , Diagourtas D. , Deschamps A. , Karakaisis G. , Papadimitriou P. , Scordilis M. , Smith R. , Voulgaris N. , Kiratzi S. , Makropoulos K. , Bouin M.  P. , Bernard P.
Published: July 2023

The Galaxidi earthquake that occurred in the Gulf of Corinth on 18 November 1992 was not followed by a noticeable aftershock sequence, a fact that was also observed for the 1965 Eratini event in the same area. The temporary network of 35 stations that we installed 5 days after the mainshock did not help to identify a cluster of activity related to the mainshock. In a section across the epicentral zone, the focal mechanism of the mainshock and the distribution of a few aftershocks define a plane dipping north, consistent with the nearby Helike fault. We propose that the Galaxidi earthquake was related to an asperity located between the Helike and Xilokastro faults.
Public Policy Analysis On Education Budget Allocation: Case Studys in Regencies/Municipalities East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sabilah Fardini , Suparto Suparto , Salahudin Salahudin
Published: July 2023

The objective of the current study is to map regency and Municipality government budget allocations in East Java Province, Indonesia. The study uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach is related to the use of numerical data on the percentage of education budget allocations. The qualitative approach is related to the use of interview data obtained from the head of the regency/Municipality Education Office in East Java Province. The study reveals that there are 5 (five) education budget allocation clusters in East Java, namely cluster A with the highest percentage of education budget allocation, covering Jember Regency and Nganjuk Regency, whereas Clusters B, C, D, and E are regencies/Municipalities with the medium, smallest, and lowest percentage of education budget allocations. Since there are only two regencies/Municipalities categorized into cluster A, it indicates that the 20% target allocation of the national education budget policy is still far from expectations, which might be caused by the planning problems, technical implementation guidelines, allocations, and different interests and perceptions among stakeholders.
Implementation of Business Process Mapping Framework for Indonesia’s Government Institutions
Authors: Tukiran Martinus , Sari Nugraheni Puspita , Tjitrabudi Lukas Danny , Amalia Nurul
Published: July 2023

Government organizations today face unprecedented challenges in carrying out their vital mission and in an environment marked by shrinking budgets, strict regulations, and changing workforce status.  The business process map is a diagram that shows the working relationship between organizational units that generate added value to all respective stakeholders. While there is some independent guidance available on how various tools support different aspects of business process mapping initiatives, organizations still need to determine what their speciﬁc needs are and be able to establish how information gathered on tool functionality can be evaluated against these needs.  This study will explore the practices of implementation business process mapping in 10 government institutions in Indonesia using 3-dimentional framework approach. The research employed a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews, observation, and study documents were performed for collecting and analysis data.  The framework was succeeding to describe a paradigm shifting to encourage people move from a silo thinking to cross function team. Finally, business process map as a foundation of organizational bureaucracy movement shows an improvement in institutional capacity to encourage administrator in operational consistency.
Narrative analysis of media coverage of Philippines’s tourism policies during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-2021)
Authors: Syahputra Dickyizmi , Mutiarin Dyah
Published: July 2023

The primary objectives of the study are to investigate the manner in which the media in the Philippines covered the Covid-19 outbreak and to investigate the effects that the outbreak had on the public policy of the country with regard to the tourism industry. For the purpose of this study, examples were drawn from various news articles published on CNN Philippines, Inquirer.net, and pna.gov.ph that covered the years 2020 and 2021. The analysis makes use of the Nvivo software to produce a Word Cloud, which is a list of the terms and keywords that occurred the most frequently over the specified time period. Additionally, the percentage of variable analysis, also known as the percentage of media reporting narratives against predetermined variables, was also calculated. The variables that were used in this study were UNWTO recommendations that were compiled in relation to the tourism sector as a response to the impacts caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The media has assumed a prominent position during the epidemic as a result of the value and utility it serves in today's modern society. The role of the media in society is also on display during the pandemic, as evidenced by the media's constant dissemination of pandemic-related information and the creation of hospitable conditions in the community at large, particularly in the tourism sector, where it plays an active role in disseminating crucial information to the various actors in Indonesia's tourism industry. The media's role in society is also on display during the pandemic, as evidenced by the media's constant dissemination of pandemic-related.
Transformational Leadership in Supporting Innovative Digital Governance
Authors: DEMA HERMAN , HAMID HARIYANTI , BARISAN BARISAN
Published: July 2023

This research is motivated by various failures of several government leaderships in running digital government and resulting in low innovation. This study aims to analyze transformational leadership in supporting innovative digital governance. Digital governance emphasizes the aspect of using data and platforms for the public to be able to access government information and services anytime and anywhere by utilizing online network devices. The government of innovation emphasizes the creation of new things that are sup- ported by human intelligence. Data were taken through interviews and through online media and then analyzed using NVivo 12 Plus. The results show that transformational leadership provides good support for digital governance. Digital governance can contribute to transformational leadership in creating innovations. E-governance has a positive impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of public governance in relation to human relations with humans, human relations with government, and government relations with other institutions.
Nigerian Federalism: The Quest for Restructuring
Authors: ODEWALE AYOTUNDE DAVID , ADEPOJU BANJI MARCELLINUS , KAREEM KEHINDE REBECCA
Published: July 2023

The quest for restructuring Nigeria’s federal system has been a frequent tune from most of her citizens. This challenge has created a wide gap in the federation which threatens the sovereignty of the nation. These agitations for secession/disintegration, and restructuring from different strata of the nation have constituted a major threat to Nigerian sovereignty. Hence, the study looks at the make or mar locus confronting Nigeria federal system. Primary and secondary data were used for this study; the primary data were gathered through the use of a questionnaire, while content analysis was used for secondary data. The study revealed some issues involved in the agitation for restructuring which includes among others, the secession of some federating units, the creation of additional states, corruption, leadership crises, and the poor state of the country’s economy. Hence, the study recommends that there is an urgent need to restructure Nigeria’s federalism structure, especially the constitutional review that would involve all ethno- regional entities of the federation to engender equity and equality. The study concludes that until the political leaders reform the institutions and structures of the federal system, Nigeria’s nation may not attain its potential.
Study of lipid profiles high and normal body mass index in polycystic ovary syndrome women in Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Salma Umme , Alshaikh Ahmed Baker A. , Alanazi Muhannad Faleh , Sheikh M. Sayed Ali , Rashwan Eman K.
Published: July 2023

Background: For women of reproductive age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinological condition. Hyperandrogenism, persistent ovulatory dysfunction, obesity, and insulin resistance have all been associated with PCOS. However, recently PCOS is detected in high-body weight and normal-body-weight women. No information was available to evaluate specific lipid profiles. The goal of this study is to analyze the lipid profiles of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome who have high or normal body weight.
Methods: This polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) retrospective study was carried out between January 2021 and January 2022 at Sakaka’s Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH), Aljouf, Saudi Arabia. A total of 68 PCOS women were included in the study; we divided them into high (n=34) and normal body weight (n=34) according to the calculation of BMI. We obtain the test results of lipid profiles and demographic data from hospital record files.
Results: We noticed changes but no significance in our research of lipid profiles in high and normal PCOS participants. The CHOL, TG, HDL, and LDL, 159.30±4.193, 97.89±7.140, 60.91±9.564, and 99.47±9.22 shown in the high BMI PCOS women respectively. While, 129.28±3.702, 83.69±4.49, 46.84±1.68 and86.53±4.36 were detected in normal BMI PCOS women respectively. There were none that were statistically significant, with the exception of cholesterol p=0.001.
Conclusions: Our results show that POCS women with normal body weight and PCOS women with high BMI have different changes in their lipid profiles, but no significance has been found other than higher cholesterol levels. Therefore, losing weight can stop lipid profiles from altering, which may reduce difficulties in the future.
Association of metabolic syndrome and endometrial pathologies in postmenopausal women
Authors: Pandey Kiran , Kumari Sudha , Lal Pavika , Gupta Garima , Bhagoliwal Ajay
Published: July 2023

Background: The menopausal state may predispose the women to the development of metabolic syndrome as its prevalence has been reported to increase after the attainment of menopause. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in post-menopausal women and to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and endometrial pathologies in post-menopausal women.
Methods: An observational study conducted at gynecology OPD of GSVM Medical College, Kanpur and Total 80 post-menopausal women who had history of at least 1 year cessation of menses.
Results: Endometrial pathology was present in 63.2% of patients with metabolic syndrome and in 38.1% of patients without metabolic syndrome. The association between endometrial pathology and metabolic syndrome was found to be statistically significant (p=0.025). The highest incidence was found for fasting glucose (86.8%) followed by blood pressure (81.5%), high triglycerides (81%), low HDL (60.5%), and waist circumference (23.6%). Waist circumference, triglyceride, HDL, diabetes, waist circumference had postulated to be predictors for endometrial pathology.
Conclusions: Endometrial cancer is a type of metabolic syndrome-related tumor. Elucidating the specific roles and the possible mechanisms of metabolic syndrome in pathogenesis of endometrial cancer is expected to provide a new target for the early prevention and treatment of endometrial cancer.
A retrograde study to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome of severe oligohydramnios in singleton term (37-40 weeks) gestation
Authors: Padasala Rajankumar , Mehta Krishna , Aparnath Rahulgiri , Kanani Kishankumar , Gadhavi Ketan
Published: July 2023

Background: Oligohydromnios is a condition where there is very low or absent amniotic fluid and it demands intense antepartum, intrapartum care and fetal surveillance, as it is frequently associated with IUGR, fetal distress, PIH, PROM, fetal renal abnormalities as renal agenesis, bilateral cystic kidneys and obstructive uropathy.
Methods: Total 124 antenatal patients delivered at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at GMERS Medical College and General Hospital, Junagadh. During Period of September 2022 to February 2023 with gestational age between 37-40wks with AFI<1cms with intact membranes were studied and analyzed retrospectively for perinatal and maternal outcome.
Results: Out of 124 cases with oligohydramnios with AFI <1cm studied, about 115 cases underwent LSCS (92.7%). Most patients belong to age group of <25 about 85. Growth retardation seen in 38 (30.6 %), NICU admission seen in 35(28.2%) and new born with APGAR <7 @ 1 min seen in 30 cases (24.2%).
Conclusions: According to our study on severe oligohydramnios, the common mode of delivery was caesarean section and indications for CS were PIH, FGR and poor BISHOP score with severe oligohydramnios. Growth retardation seen in babies who were born from severe oligohydramnios mother.
Hysterectomy in uterine fibroids: an institutional survey pre and post COVID lockdown
Authors: Bhanurekha S. , Sravani Chelimila , Akuthota Umani , B. Soujanya Reddy , L. Jayanthi Reddy
Published: July 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a tremendous effect on surgical practice and surgical outcomes, especially in Gynaecology which had led to an increase in operative interferences like hysterectomies, which is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures for uterine leiomyomas. Aim of this study was to determine the impact of covid lockdown on hysterectomies performed on AUB–L in perimenopausal and post-menopausal women based on clinical, radiological, and operative aspects.
Methods: A retrospective study on perimenopausal and post-menopausal women who underwent hysterectomy for AUB-L was compared based on their clinical, radiological, and operative findings in the pre COVID period (April 2019-March 2020) and post COVID lockdown period of one year (July 2021-June 2022), at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SVS Hospital, Telangana.
Results: The post-covid group has a significant increase in the severity of clinical symptoms such as menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea (VMSS-GRADE 2). Radiological findings (US AND MRI)-The size (>5cms) and number (>2) of fibroids increased significantly in post COVID group. The operative duration (1-3hrs), intraoperative blood loss (150-300ml), need for blood transfusion (>24%), postoperative pain (VAS pain score 5), and mean hospital stay (72-120hrs) were significantly increased in the post-COVID group as compared to pre COVID group attributable to delay in seeking medical advice due to COVID-19 lockdown.
Conclusions: This study clearly states that the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown was significant in worsening clinical features, increasing the size and number of fibroids which in turn increased the number of hysterectomies, operative time and complications.
Direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mortality at tertiary care institute of north India
Authors: Sahagal Alka , Dubey Sunita , Satodiya Mohit
Published: July 2023

Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare services and infrastructures have been utilized primarily in screening and management of COVID-19 infected patients that might have compromised routine antenatal health care services especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study was planned to know impact of COVID-19 pandemic on antenatal care and maternal mortality at our institute.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared labour room and maternal mortality statistics before (group ‘A’) and after declaration of COVID-19 pandemic in our country (group ‘B’). One year data (from 1st April, 2019 to 31st March, 2020) before declaration of lockdown in India on 24th March, 2020 was compared with (group ‘B’) data of 1 year after first nation wise lockdown (from 1st April, 2020 to 31st March 2021). Outcomes which were studied included impact on Institutional delivery, cesarean section and still birth rate along with maternal mortality ratio and its causes in both the groups. Modifiable factors such as level-I, level-II, and level-III delay were also considered.
Results: There was 66% decline (fall from 5867 before to 1985 during pandemic) observed in institutional delivery, statistically significant rise observed in still birth (p=0.0030) and cesarean section rate (p=0.0007) during pandemic. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) increased from 649 to 1786 per one lac live birth (64% rise, p=0.0001) during COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic profiles of deceased women were comparable between both the groups. Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy remained the leading direct cause of maternal mortality. COVID-19 associated maternal mortality observed during second wave of pandemic. Delay in seeking care remains the leading indirect cause of maternal mortality like before (23/38,61% versus 21/35,60%, p=1 before and during pandemic).
Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic resulted in fall in institutional delivery and rise still birth rate and maternal mortality ratio. Gestational hypertension remained the leading cause of maternal mortality during COVID-19 pandemic. Type 1 delay was the leading modifiable factor of maternal mortality before and during pandemic. Hence, it is recommended to strengthen health care services at primary health centers and redeployment of staff involved in obstetrical care should be strictly abandoned for timely care and referrals of complicated cases from peripheral health center.