bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The PI3K/mTOR inhibitor Gedatolisib eliminates dormant breast cancer cells in organotypic culture, but fails to prevent metastasis in preclinical settings
Authors: Shor Ryann E. , Dai Jinxiang , Lee Sun‐Young , Pisarsky Laura , Matei Irina , Lucotti Serena , Lyden David , Bissell Mina J. , Ghajar Cyrus M.
Published: May 2021

Dormant, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are thought to be the source of breast cancer metastases several years or even decades after initial treatment. To date, a selective therapy that leads to their elimination has not been discovered. While dormant DTCs resist chemotherapy, evidence suggests that this resistance is driven not by their lack of proliferation, but by their engagement of the surrounding microenvironment, via integrin‐β1‐mediated interactions. Because integrin‐β1‐targeted agents have not been translated readily to the clinic, signaling nodes downstream of integrin‐β1 could serve as attractive therapeutic targets in order to sensitize dormant DTCs to therapy. By probing a number of kinases downstream of integrin‐β1, we determined that PI3K inhibition with either a tool compounds or a compound (PF‐05212384; aka Gedatolisib) in clinical trials robustly sensitizes quiescent breast tumor cells seeded in organotypic bone marrow cultures to chemotherapy. These results motivated the preclinical study of whether Gedatolisib—with or without genotoxic therapy—would reduce DTC burden and prevent metastases. Despite promising results in organotypic culture, Gedatolisib failed to reduce DTC burden or delay, reduce or prevent metastasis in murine models of either triple‐negative or estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer dissemination and metastasis. This result held true whether analyzing Gedatolisib on its own (vs. vehicle‐treated animals) or in combination with dose‐dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (vs. animals treated only with dose‐dense chemotherapies). These data suggest that PI3K is not the node downstream of integrin‐β1 that confers chemotherapeutic resistance to DTCs. More broadly, they cast doubt on the strategy to target PI3K in order to eliminate DTCs and prevent breast cancer metastasis.
C188‐9 reduces TGF‐β1‐induced fibroblast activation and alleviates ISO‐induced cardiac fibrosis in mice
Authors: Liu Jiao , Jin Yuxuan , Wang Bei , Zhang Jinying , Zuo Shengkai
Published: May 2021

Cardiac fibrosis is the final event of heart failure and is associated with almost all forms of cardiovascular disease. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), a major cell type in the heart, are responsible for regulating normal myocardial function and maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis in adverse myocardial remodeling. In this study, we found that C188‐9, a small‐molecule inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), exhibited an antifibrotic function, both in vitro and in vivo. C188‐9 decreased transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced CF activation and fibrotic gene expression. Moreover, C188‐9 treatment alleviated heart injury and cardiac fibrosis in an isoproterenol‐induced mouse model by suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation and activation. These findings may help us better understand the role of C188‐9 in cardiac fibrosis and facilitate the development of new treatments for cardiac fibrosis and other cardiovascular diseases.
Relative bee abundance varies by collection method and flowering richness: Implications for understanding patterns in bee community data
Authors: Kuhlman Marirose P. , Burrows Skyler , Mummey Daniel L. , Ramsey Philip W. , Hahn Philip G.
Published: May 2021

Recent declines in wild bee populations have led to increases in conservation actions and monitoring of bee communities. Pan traps are a commonly used sampling method for monitoring bee populations due to their efficiency and low cost. However, potential biases inherent in different sampling techniques may result in misleading characterizations of bee communities across space and time.

In this paper, we examined how bee communities sampled using pan traps and aerial nets changed seasonally, and if they were affected by the availability of floral resources.

We found strong seasonal changes in the abundance, but not the richness, of bees captured in pan traps. Notably, we captured the fewest bees during weeks in spring when most flowering plant species were in bloom, suggesting that floral resource availability influences pan trap captures. We also compared patterns of bee abundance in pan traps to those captured by aerial netting. Bee richness in pans and nets was positively correlated, but relative abundances in pan and net samples were dominated by different bee genera. Furthermore, most genera decreased in pans with increasing floral richness, but patterns were mixed for nets. When using presence/absence data, rather than abundance, community composition was more similar between netted and pan‐trapped bee communities and changed less substantially across the floral richness gradient.

Overall, these differences led to sampling substantially different bee community compositions in pan traps versus nets, especially when using abundance‐based methods to characterize the bee community. By examining multiple years of intensive seasonal sampling of plant and bee communities, we document potential pitfalls with methods commonly used to sample bee communities.

We suggest that pan trapping and aerial netting provide similar estimates of bee species richness and community composition when using presence/absence data, but that practitioners should interpret pan‐trapped bee abundance data with caution especially when comparing bee communities between sites where plant communities may differ.
Can the Shape of Nanoparticles Enable the Targeting to Cancer Cells over Healthy Cells?
Authors: Cong Vu Thanh , Wang Wenqian , Tilley Richard D. , Sharbeen George , Phillips Phoebe A. , Gaus Katharina , Gooding John Justin
Published: May 2021

Macropinocytosis is a consequence of oncogenic alterations of cancer cells while most healthy cells are non‐macropinocytic. It is currently unclear whether macropinocytic cancer cells can be targeted rather than healthy cells, by adjusting the shape and size of nanoparticles. Herein, the endocytosis of two differently shaped nanoparticles; nanorods and nanospheres are compared in cancer and healthy cells. The cells are breast epithelial cancer cells (MCF7) and breast epithelial healthy cells (MCF10A) and pancreas cancer cells (PANC‐1 cells) and non‐tumourogenic patient‐derived cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The endocytosis pathway is quantified by a combination of pair correlation microscopy and endocytosis inhibitors. MCF7 cells use clathrin‐mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis to take up the nanorods while MCF10A cells use predominantly clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. Based on the comparison of endocytic behavior of cancer and healthy cells, MCF7 cells can be induced to take up more nanorods and suppress the metabolism and endocytosis of nanorods in MCF10A cells. The nanorods allow targeting to breast cancer MCF7 cells and pancreas cancer cells over the healthy cells. This study opens exciting possibilities for shape to target the cancer cells over healthy cells, by adjusting nanoparticle shape.
Dielectric Hole Collector toward Boosting Charge Transfer of CsPbBr3 Hybrid Nanogenerator by Coupling Triboelectric and Photovoltaic Effects
Authors: Guo Qiyao , Yang Xiya , Wang Yudi , Xu Wenkai , Duan Jialong , Tang Qunwei
Published: May 2021

Coupled triboelectric‐photovoltaic effect by collecting photogenerated charge carriers is increasingly important to dramatically improve the short‐circuit current output of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), especially for the all‐inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) halide perovskite combined with the optoelectronic and dielectric properties as a fundamental friction layer in TENG. Herein, hole‐extraction polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite film (PC) is applied into the fabrication of vertical contact‐separation mode CsPbBr3/PC hybrid TENG with dual role of negative triboelectrification layer and photogenerated hole collector. Through precisely regulating the surface potential of PC films by tuning the MWCNT loadings, the charge quantity is greatly enhanced thanks to the triboelectric‐photovoltaic coupling effect. The best hybrid TENG at MWCNTs loading of 16 wt% achieves a transferred charge of 0.358 mC under illumination, which is nearly 30,000 times higher than that of the pristine PDMS based TENG. Impressively, the champion hybrid TENG at MWCNTs loading of 12 wt% yields a power rating density of 8.24 W m−2. This work demonstrates the PC hole collector to be a promising conductive triboelectric counterpart for efficient charge separation and extraction toward booting current density of hybrid triboelectric‐photovoltaic devices.
Thermomechanically Triggered Reversible Multi‐Transformability of a Single Material System by Energy Swapping and Shape Memory Effects
Authors: Song Chao , Zou Bihui , Cui Zhiming , Liang Zihe , Ju Jaehyung
Published: May 2021

Thermally triggered active metamaterials with shape memory polymers (SMPs) show greater potential for structural applications with reconfigurability than other programmable structures owing to their temporally stiff condition with shape locking. However, most SMP‐based active metamaterials have not shown complex transformation, such as multi‐modal and asymmetric deformations, because of the lack of an adaptable strategy with reasonable mechanics models. Moreover, conventional SMP has a critical drawback – irreversible transformability, limiting its reconfigurability for active metamaterials. Herein, a thermomechanical tool that allows a single material system to transform with reversible, multi‐modal, and asymmetric deformations is constructed and demonstrated. Using transformation aids (TAs), a localized pre‐stress and a temperature‐dependent reverse stiffness effect to exchange energy with a lattice is conceived. The deformation of a single SMP system whose energy is swapped from TAs by localized pre‐stress and reverse stiffness can transform into reversible, multi‐modal, and asymmetric deformations with shape‐locking. The methods can be used for reconfigurable structures, tuning symmetry, and chirality, especially for active acoustic metamaterials, deployable devices, and biomedical devices. The mechanics‐inspired design approach of local deformation of TA and the interaction with the temperature‐dependent stiffness drop of the lattice open an avenue to the robust design of thermally triggered active metamaterials.
Sulfate‐Functionalized RuFeOx as Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst in Acid
Authors: Xue Yanrong , Fang Jinjie , Wang Xingdong , Xu Zhiyuan , Zhang Yufeng , Lv Qingqing , Liu Mengyuan , Zhu Wei , Zhuang Zhongbin
Published: May 2021

The design of highly active, stable, and low‐cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer remains a challenge. RuO2 shows relatively low cost but poor stability. Here, the critical role of sulfate anion doping in promoting OER activity and stability of RuO2 is reported. Coupled with the Fe cation doping, the sulfate‐functionalized RuFeOx (S‐RuFeOx) displays a remarkable OER performance with a low overpotential of 187 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in acid, and much enhanced stability. The excellent OER activity of S‐RuFeOx is attributed to the dual positive effects that the sulfate dopants weaken the adsorption of the *OOH intermediate, and Fe dopants promote the deprotonation of chemisorbed water molecules to form *OOH. The enhanced stability is in part due to the sulfate dopants which stabilize the lattice oxygen. These results demonstrate that the anion and cation co‐doped RuO2 is a promising candidate for highly efficient OER electrocatalysts.
An Overview for Zero‐Dimensional Broadband Emissive Metal‐Halide Single Crystals
Authors: Zhou Lei , Liao Jin‐Feng , Kuang Dai‐Bin
Published: May 2021

The high‐profile candidacy of low‐dimensional metal‐halide single crystals as promising light emitters originates from the intriguing emission properties (e.g., extremely broad luminescence spectra, large Stokes shift, high color rendition), which have enabled the recent great achievements on their application in lighting, artificial illumination, and scintillators. Among the family of low‐dimensional metal‐halide single crystals, zero‐dimensional (0D) materials have been featured in the lowest dimensionality, and as a consequence, strongest quantum confinement, softest lattice, and strongest electron–phonon coupling have been further translated into near‐unity photoluminescence (PL) efficiency with broadband emission. However, as far as it is known, 0D structures are significantly underexplored. Herein, an overview is provided on recent advances of 0D metal‐halide single crystals, with a focus on comprehensive understanding and insightful perspectives behind the photophysical mechanism. Additionally, the challenges and future opportunities currently faced by 0D bulk metal halides are discussed in order to provide a roadmap for the future development of novel materials with versatile optical properties suited for practical applications.
Rationally Designed Ni–Ni3S2 Interfaces for Efficient Overall Water Electrolysis
Authors: Peng Lishan , Wang Chao , Wang Qing , Shi Run , Zhang Tierui , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N.
Published: May 2021

High‐performance water‐splitting electrocatalysts are needed by the energy sector for sustainable hydrogen production. Herein, it is demonstrated that the surface decoration of a nickel foam (NF) with porous Ni/Ni3S2 microsheets yields an electrode with high electrical conductivity and an abundance of accessible Ni0–Ni3S2 interfaces as active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In 1 m potassium hydroxide, Ni–Ni3S2/NF exhibits outstanding HER activity (an overpotential of 57 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2) and similarly impressive OER activity (a low overpotential of only 295 mV at a current density of 20 mA cm−2). A water electrolyzer constructed using Ni–Ni3S2/NF as the HER and OER electrodes exhibits a low cell voltage of only 1.57 V with no obvious performance loss over 30 h, outperforming devices based on expensive Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts. To the best of the author's knowledge, Ni–Ni3S2/NF is one of the best non‐precious metal electrocatalysts reported to date for overall water splitting.
Combining ability and heterotic grouping of turcicum‐resistant early‐maturing maize inbreds
Authors: Badu‐Apraku Baffour , Bankole Faith A. , Fakorede Morakinyo A. B. , Ogbe Gregory , Bandyopadhyay Ranajit , Ortega‐Beltran Alejandro
Published: May 2021

Maize (Zea mays L.), an important source of calories and nutrients in sub‐Saharan Africa, is threatened by northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) caused by Exserohilum turcicum. This study examined combining ability and heterotic patterns of early‐maturing maize inbreds, gene action conditioning NCLB resistance, and performance of derived hybrids across environments and identified testers. Fifteen each of white and yellow inbreds were intercrossed using North Carolina Design II to obtain 75 hybrids per endosperm color. Hybrids plus six checks were inoculated with a virulent isolate of E. turcicum 4 wk after planting in six inoculated and three non‐inoculated environments in Nigeria in 2018 and 2019. Inbreds were assigned to heterotic groups using general combining ability (GCA) of multiple traits method. Specific combining ability (SCA), GCA, and genotype × environment (G × E) interactions were significant for grain yield (GYLD), disease severity, and other traits. Northern corn leaf blight caused 46% GYLD reduction. The effects of GCA were preponderant over SCA for GYLD and NCLB severity across environments, indicating that hybridization and recurrent selection would enhance genetic gains and hybrid performance. White and yellow inbreds were placed in two and three heterotic groups, respectively. High‐yielding NCLB‐resistant testers identified could be used to classify other inbreds yet to be field‐tested into heterotic groups. Genotypes TZEI 32 × TZEI 5 and TZEI 124 × TZEI 134 were identified as single‐cross testers. Genotypes TZEI 32 × TZEI 5 and TZEI 5 × TZEI 75 (white) and TZEI 124 × TZEI 134 and TZEI 124 × TZEI 11 (yellow) were identified for on‐farm testing and possible commercialization.
Kinetics decoupling activity and selectivity of Pt nanocatalyst for enhanced glycerol oxidation performance
Authors: Chen Wenyao , Wang Jingnan , Zhang Yanfang , Zhang Jing , Duan Xuezhi , Si Rui , Chen De , Qian Gang , Zhou Xinggui
Published: May 2021

Herein, we demonstrate a kinetics and a mechanistic strategy to disentangle the origins of the significantly improved activity and selectivity of Pt‐catalyzed glycerol oxidation. The unchanged reactant reaction orders and activation energies suggest the same kinetics despite variable Pt particle sizes, based on which a Michaelis–Menten kinetics treatment is conducted to individually quantify the number and activity of Pt active site. Together with multiple characterization results, the volcano‐shaped activity is mainly arising from the quantity change of Pt active site. Moreover, the atomic structure of bimetallic Pt─Sb catalyst is well elucidated by the formation of Pt─SbO interface along with partial Sb incorporation into Pt lattice, chelating with glycerol to poison Pt active sites for primary hydroxyl activation while creating interfacial site for second hydroxyl activation, further evidenced by kinetics shift. The kinetics strategy could be extended to other metal catalysts with simultaneously high activity and selectivity.
Integrated ionic liquid and rate‐based absorption process design for gas separation: Global optimization using hybrid models
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Ding Xuechong , Song Zhen , Zhou Teng , Sundmacher Kai
Published: May 2021

A new method for integrated ionic liquid (IL) and absorption process design is proposed where a rigorous rate‐based process model is used to incorporate absorption thermodynamics and kinetics. Different types of models including group contribution models and thermodynamic models are employed to predict the process‐relevant physical, kinetic, and thermodynamic (gas solubility) properties of ILs. Combining the property models with process models, the integrated IL and process design problem is formulated as an MINLP optimization problem. Unfortunately, due to the model complexity, the problem is prone to convergence failure. To lower the computational difficulty, tractable surrogate models are used to replace the complex thermodynamic models while maintaining the prediction accuracy. This provides an opportunity to find the global optimum for the integrated design problem. A pre‐combustion carbon capture case study is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the method. The obtained global optimum saves 14.8% cost compared with the Selexol process.
Recent Progress in 3D Printing of Smart Structures: Classification, Challenges, and Trends
Authors: Ji Yuyang , Luan Congcong , Yao Xinhua , Fu Jianzhong , He Yong
Published: May 2021

Recently, considerable achievements have been made with the advancements of smart structures, which are known for their controlled deformation, self‐repair, and sensing characteristics. Such capabilities have significant potential in the field of bionics. 3D printing methods have revolutionized the high‐resolution integrated manufacturing of complex smart structures, resulting in new types of soft robots, actuators, wearable flexible electronics, and biomedical equipment. There is therefore a need for academia and industry to receive an update on the status of these tools. For this reason, herein, a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in printing methods, materials, and applications of various smart structures is provided. Temperature‐ and electromagnetic‐responsive smart structures are highlighted, in addition to self‐healing and smart‐sensing devices. Current exigencies and future development trends of 3D printing methods and smart structures are also summarized.
Comprehensive search filters for retrieving publications on nonhuman primates for literature reviews (filterNHP)
Authors: Cassidy Lauren C. , Leenaars Cathalijn H. C. , Rincon Alan V. , Pfefferle Dana
Published: May 2021

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are widely studied across many scientific disciplines using a variety of techniques in diverse environments. Due to the wide scope of NHP research, substantial overlap in research topics and questions can occur, whose resulting scientific evidence is synthesized by literature reviews. Identifying all relevant research on a particular topic involving NHPs can be difficult and time consuming. By adopting objective search development techniques from systematic reviews, we developed search filters to detect all scientific publications involving NHPs in PubMed, PsycINFO (via EBSCOhost), and Web of Science. We compared the performance of our comprehensive NHP search filters to search strings typical of a novice database user (i.e., NHP simple search strings) and validated their sensitivity by combining these searches with a topic search of cortisol related studies. For all comparisons, our comprehensive NHP search filters retrieved considerably more scientific publications than the NHP simple search strings. Importantly, our comprehensive NHP search filters are easy to use (text can be copied and pasted into the database search engine) and detect the most recent publications that have yet to be indexed by the bibliographic databases queried. Additionally, we developed filterNHP, an R package and web‐based application (https://filterNHP.dpz.eu), for researchers interested in literature searches involving a taxonomic sub‐group of NHPs. filterNHP alleviates time necessary for adapting our comprehensive NHP search filters for a particular NHP sub‐group by automatizing the creation of these search filters. Altogether, our comprehensive NHP search filters and those for taxonomic sub‐groups generated by filterNHP will enable swift and easy retrieval of the available scientific literature involving NHPs, and thereby help enhance the quality of new NHP literature reviews that guide future scientific research (new experiments) and public policy (e.g., on welfare and conservation).
Towards developing a rhesus monkey model of early Alzheimer's disease focusing on women's health
Authors: Beckman Danielle , Morrison John H.
Published: May 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of elderly dementia, affecting nearly 50 million people worldwide, with two‐thirds of the cases in the USA in women. Despite considerable investment, this prevalence is expected to increase further in the coming decades, based on the projected demographics of the population. Currently, most of the preclinical AD studies rely on transgenic mice carrying mutations associated with the early onset familiar form of AD, although the vast majority of cases are sporadic. A prevailing current hypothesis is that the cascade of events leading to AD starts with the accumulation of small soluble oligomers of the Aβ peptide (AβOs) that target and disrupt synapses. Taking advantage of the high translational power of rhesus monkeys due to their physiological and genetic similarities to humans, we recently developed a female rhesus monkey model of early AD pathogenesis based on exogenous administration AβOs. Here we review and discuss how soluble oligomers of Aβ can target vulnerable spines in the neocortex and hippocampus of female middle‐aged monkeys and induce neuroinflammatory responses, similar to what is known to occur in the human brain. Developing a rhesus monkey model of early AD focusing on women's health is critical for the understanding of how hormonal changes during menopause transition affect brain health and ultimately may contribute to AD neurodegeneration.
Stroke and dementia, leading causes of neurological disability and death, potential for prevention
Authors: Avan Abolfazl , Hachinski Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Stroke and dementia share a number of modifiable risk factors and are the leading cause of neurological disability and death worldwide.

Methods

We report the 2019 estimations for global disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) and death numbers and rates related to stroke and dementia, as well as their risk attributed DALYs and deaths and their changes between 2010 and 2019.

Results

Stroke accounted for 69.8%, dementia for 17.3%, and combined contributed to 87.2% (8.2 million) of neurological deaths and 61.7% (168.5 million) of neurological DALYs in 2019. For stroke, 86.4% of DALYs and for dementias 32.8% of DALYs are attributable to risk factors. Globally, hypertension (54.8%) and unhealthy diet (30.0%) pose the greatest risk for stroke DALYs, and smoking (15.1%) and obesity (12.5%) for dementia DALYs.

Discussion

Worldwide, stroke and dementia cases are increasing in number, but their age‐standardized rates are falling. Finding out why offers the possibility of their joint delay, mitigation, or prevention.
A blood screening tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease among community‐dwelling Mexican Americans and non‐Hispanic Whites: A method for increasing representation of diverse populations in clinical research
Authors: O'Bryant Sid E. , Zhang Fan , Petersen Melissa , Hall James R. , Johnson Leigh A. , Yaffe Kristine , Mason David , Braskie Meredith , Barber Robert A. , Rissman Robert A. , Mapstone Mark , Mielke Michelle M. , Toga Arthur W. ,   for the HABLE Study Team
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Representation of Mexican Americans in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical research has been extremely poor.

Methods

Data were examined from the ongoing community‐based, multi‐ethnic Health & Aging Brain among Latino Elders (HABLE) study. Participants underwent functional exams, clinical labs, neuropsychological testing, and 3T magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Fasting proteomic markers were examined for predicting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD using support vector machine models.

Results

Data were examined from n = 1649 participants (Mexican American n = 866; non‐Hispanic White n = 783). Proteomic profiles were highly accurate in detecting MCI (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91) and dementia (AUC = 0.95). The proteomic profiles varied significantly between ethnic groups and disease state. Negative predictive value was excellent for ruling out MCI and dementia across ethnic groups.

Discussion

A blood‐based screening tool can serve as a method for increasing access to state‐of‐the‐art AD clinical research by bridging between community‐based and clinic‐based settings.
Selective Permeable Lithium‐Ion Channels on Lithium Metal for Practical Lithium–Sulfur Pouch Cells
Authors: Chen Peng‐Yu , Yan Chong , Chen Pengyu , Zhang Rui , Yao Yu‐Xing , Peng Hong‐Jie , Yan Li‐Tang , Kaskel Stefan , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2021

Lithium metal batteries are considered a promising candidate for high‐energy‐density energy storage. However, the strong reducibility and high reactivity of lithium lead to low Coulombic efficiency when contacting oxidants, such as lithium polysulfide caused by the serious “shuttle effect” in lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein we design selectively permeable lithium‐ion channels on lithium metal surface, which allow lithium ions to pass through by electrochemical overpotential, while the polysulfides are effectively blocked due to the much larger steric hindrance than lithium ions. The selective permeation of lithium ions through the channels is further elucidated by the molecular simulation and visualization experiment. Consequently, a prolonged cycle life of 75 cycles and high Coulombic efficiency of 99 % are achieved in a practical Li–S pouch cell with limited amounts of lithium and electrolyte, confirming the unique role the selective ion permeation plays in protecting highly reactive alkali metal anodes in working batteries.
Thiols Act as Methyl Traps in the Biocatalytic Demethylation of Guaiacol Derivatives
Authors: Pompei Simona , Grimm Christopher , Schiller Christine , Schober Lukas , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Demethylating methyl phenyl ethers is challenging, especially when the products are catechol derivatives prone to follow‐up reactions. For biocatalytic demethylation, monooxygenases have previously been described requiring molecular oxygen which may cause oxidative side reactions. Here we show that such compounds can be demethylated anaerobically by using cobalamin‐dependent methyltransferases exploiting thiols like ethyl 3‐mercaptopropionate as a methyl trap. Using just two equivalents of this reagent, a broad spectrum of substituted guaiacol derivatives were demethylated, with conversions mostly above 90 %. This strategy was used to prepare the highly valuable antioxidant hydroxytyrosol on a one‐gram scale in 97 % isolated yield.
Metal‐free Transformations of Nitrogen‐Oxyanions to Ammonia via Oxoammonium Salt
Authors: Sahana Tuhin , Mondal Aditesh , Anju Balakrishnan S. , Kundu Subrata
Published: May 2021

Transformations of nitrogen‐oxyanions (NOx−) to ammonia impart pivotal roles in sustainable biogeochemical processes. While metal‐mediated reductions of NOx− are relatively well known, this report illustrates proton‐assisted transformations of NOx− anions in the presence of electron‐rich aromatics such as 1,3,5‐trimethoxybenzene (TMB−H, 1 a) leading to the formation of diaryl oxoammonium salt [(TMB)2N+=O][NO3−] (2 a) via the intermediacy of nitrosonium cation (NO+). Detailed characterizations including UV/Vis, multinuclear NMR, FT‐IR, HRMS, X‐ray analyses on a set of closely related metastable diaryl oxoammonium [Ar2N+=O] species disclose unambiguous structural and spectroscopic signatures. Oxoammonium salt 2 a exhibits 2 e− oxidative reactivity in the presence of oxidizable substrates such as benzylamine, thiol, and ferrocene. Intriguingly, reaction of 2 a with water affords ammonia. Perhaps of broader significance, this work reveals a new metal‐free route germane to the conversion of NOx to NH3.
Ligand‐Controlled Regiodivergent Thiocarbonylation of Alkynes toward Linear and Branched α,β‐Unsaturated Thioesters
Authors: Ai Han‐Jun , Lu Wangyang , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: May 2021

Thiocarbonylation of alkynes offers an ideal procedure for the synthesis of unsaturated thioesters. A robust ligand‐controlled regioselective thiocarbonylation of alkynes is developed. Utilizing boronic acid and 5‐chlorosalicylic acid as the acid additive to in situ form 5‐chloroborosalicylic acid (5‐Cl‐BSA), and bis(2‐diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether (DPEphos) as the ligand, linear α,β‐unsaturated thioesters were produced in a straightforward manner. Switching the ligand to tri(2‐furyl)phosphine can turn the reaction selectivity to give branched products. Remarkably, this approach also represents the first example on thiocarbonylation of internal alkynes.
Zeolitic Octahedral Metal Oxides with Ultra‐Small Micropores for C2 Hydrocarbon Separation
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhu Qianqian , Zhang Zhenxin , Sadakane Masahiro , Li Yanshuo , Ueda Wataru
Published: May 2021

Separation of C2 hydrocarbons, C2H6, C2H4, and C2H2, remains significant challenges in chemical industry. However, there are only few adsorbents that can effectively isolate C2 hydrocarbons from their mixtures particularly at a high temperature. Herein, we design a zeolitic octahedral metal oxide based on ϵ‐Keggin polyoxometalates with metal ion linkers. Single gas adsorption of the material shows the different adsorption performances for the C2 hydrocarbons and the strong interaction of the material with the C2 hydrocarbons. Dynamic competitive adsorption experiments show that the material efficiently separates each of the binary C2 hydrocarbon mixtures and even the ternary C2 hydrocarbon mixtures with high selectivity. The material keeps high separation performance even the temperature was increased to 85 °C. The material is stable and is able to be reused without loss of the separation performance.
Structural Changes during the Growth of Atomically Precise Metal Oxido Nanoclusters from Combined Pair Distribution Function and Small‐Angle X‐ray Scattering Analysis
Authors: Anker Andy S. , Christiansen Troels Lindahl , Weber Marcus , Schmiele Martin , Brok Erik , Kjær Emil T. S. , Juhás Pavol , Thomas Rico , Mehring Michael , Jensen Kirsten M. Ø.
Published: May 2021

The combination of in situ pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) enables analysis of the formation mechanism of metal oxido nanoclusters and cluster–solvent interactions as they take place. Herein, we demonstrate the method for the formation of clusters with a [Bi38O45] core. Upon dissolution of crystalline [Bi6O5(OH)3(NO3)5]⋅3 H2O in DMSO, an intermediate rapidly forms, which slowly grows to stable [Bi38O45] clusters. To identify the intermediate, we developed an automated modeling method, where smaller [BixOy] structures based on the [Bi38O45] framework are tested against the data. [Bi22O26] was identified as the main intermediate species, illustrating how combined PDF and SAXS analysis is a powerful tool to gain insight into nucleation on an atomic scale. PDF also provides information on the interaction between nanoclusters and solvent, which is shown to depend on the nature of the ligands on the cluster surface.
Synergistic Polarization Engineering on Bulk and Surface for Boosting CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Liu Lizhen , Huang Hongwei , Chen Zhensheng , Yu Hongjian , Wang Keyang , Huang Jindi , Yu Han , Zhang Yihe
Published: May 2021

Sluggish charge kinetics and low CO2 affinity seriously inhibit CO2 photoreduction. Herein, the synchronous promotion of charge separation and CO2 affinity of Bi4Ti3O12 is realized by coupling corona poling and surface I‐grafting. Corona poling enhances ferroelectric polarization of Bi4Ti3O12 by aligning the domains direction, which profoundly promotes charge transfer along opposite directions across bulk. Surface I‐grafting forms a surface local electric field for further separating charge carriers and provides abundant active sites to enhance CO2 adsorption. The two modifications cooperatively further increase the ferroelectric polarization of Bi4Ti3O12, which maximize the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges, resulting in an enhanced CO production rate of 15.1 μmol g−1 h−1 (nearly 9 times) with no sacrificial agents or cocatalysts. This work discloses that ferroelectric polarization and surface ion grafting can promote CO2 photoreduction in a synergistic way.
Inner and Outer Voices in Research: How Dialogical Approaches Can Enhance Knowledge Development in Mental Healthcare
Authors: Soggiu Anna‐Sabina , Eirik Karlsson Bengt , Gøril Klevan Trude , Ness Ottar
Published: May 2021

This article contributes methodological reflections on how dialogical and reflective approaches can enhance many voices in research. An epistemological assumption in research with a participatory design is that knowledge can be developed by collaborative processes between researchers and individuals with lived experiences. The study was conducted by arranging a reflective process meeting with different participants: researchers and mental health service providers and users. Using reflective thematic analysis and an analytical perspective, it describes the reflective process as the tailoring of different voices, which is a way of facilitating research that enables different participants to contribute their experiences in a dialogical process. The findings show that reflective processes can encourage people to both listen and talk and, in that sense, have both inner and outer dialogues that endorse the use of different types of knowledge, including research and lived experiences, to create new understandings together. This can have an impact on both collaborative research and practice in mental health services.
Robust output consensus of discrete‐time networked negative imaginary systems
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Liu , Lu Yufeng
Published: May 2021

This paper considers robust output consensus of discrete‐time networked homogeneous negative imaginary (NI) systems under ℓ2 external disturbances via integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). A necessary and sufficient condition for robust output consensus of discrete‐time networked NI systems without poles at ±1 is obtained by the IQC‐based discrete‐time NI (D‐NI) stability result. Moreover, the robust output consensus problem can be solved by designing an unstable controller whose poles are related to transmission zeros of D‐NI systems. The case of discrete‐time networked NI systems with poles at 1 is also studied. These main results are related to all eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of the network graph as well as the corresponding complementary IQCs at ±1 frequencies. Some corollaries are given by constructing appropriate IQC multipliers in order to simplify the main results. Finally, three examples are shown to explain the validity of the main results.
Interlayer Engineering Construction of 2D Nb2CTx with Enlarged Interlayer Spacing Towards High Capacity and Rate Capability for Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Liu Mao‐Cheng , Zhang Bin‐Mei , Zhang Yu‐Shan , Zhang Dong‐Ting , Tian Chen‐Yang , Kong Ling‐Bin , Hu Yu‐Xia
Published: May 2021

The Li+ storage rate capability and diffusion dynamics in two‐dimensional (2D) materials are mainly determined by the interlayer spacing of materials. Investigating the effects of interlayer spacing on Li+ diffusion rate in 2D materials can provide a theoretical guidance for developing the high rate 2D materials for Li+ storage. Herein, a novel approach that P‐phenylenediamine (PPDA) electrostatically intercalated into Nb2CTx layers is employed to facilitate fast Li+ diffusion dynamics and improve diffusion rate for Li+ storage. The PPDA molecules existed between Nb2CTx layers have “support and dragline” effects on layers structure during Li+ insertion/exaction. The PPDA‐Nb2CTx not only enlarges interlayer spacing (d=1.27 nm) to accelerate the Li+ diffusion rate, but also enhances the layered structure stability due to the “support and dragline” effects of PPDA molecules. The PPDA‐Nb2CTx exhibits the excellent capacity of 400 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and displays a superior capacity retention as 70.2 % at 5.0 A g−1 compared with that of 0.5 A g−1. The PPDA‐Nb2CTx//AC lithium ions hybrid capacitor (LIHC) delivers an excellent power density of 2754.8 W kg−1 at an energy density of 58.3 Wh kg−1 and a capacity retention with 80.0 % at 1.0 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. The interlayer engineering based on electrostatic intercalation provides a novel perspective to expand interlayer spacing, possessing a theoretical guidance for developing the Li+ storage materials with high‐rate capability.
Seeing sadness: Comorbid effects of loneliness and depression on emotional face processing
Authors: Cheeta Survjit , Beevers Joseph , Chambers Sophie , Szameitat Andre , Chandler Chris
Published: May 2021

Background/Objective

Loneliness and depression are highly comorbid, and both are associated with social processing deficits. However, there is a paucity of research aimed at differentiating emotional face‐processing deficits that are comorbid to loneliness and depression versus those attributable to loneliness or depression only.

Methods

502 participants were recruited and screened for loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Of those, seventy‐seven took part in a fully crossed 2 (loneliness; low/high) * 2 (depression; low/high) factorial between‐subjects design study to assess individual and comorbid effects of loneliness and depression on a computerized morphed facial emotion processing task.

Results

Comorbidity was confirmed by a significant positive correlation between loneliness and depression. On the emotion processing task, loneliness was associated with an increased accuracy for sad faces and decreased accuracy for fearful faces and depression with decreased accuracy in identifying happy faces. Comorbid loneliness and depression resulted in an increased misattribution of neutral faces as sad, an effect that was also seen in those who were either only lonely or only depressed.

Conclusion

This if the first study to tease out comorbid versus independent effects of loneliness and depression on social information processing. To the extent that emotional biases may act as risk factors for detrimental outcomes, our findings highlight the importance of treating both loneliness and depression.
Long‐term mortality associated with depression among South Korean survivors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Park Hye Youn , Cho Hyoung‐Won , Song In‐Ae , Lee Sukyoon , Oh Tak Kyu
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Depression is an important sequela in critically ill patients. However, its prevalence after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy and its association with long‐term mortality remain controversial.

Methods

Data were extracted from the South Korean National Health Insurance Service database in this population‐based cohort study. Adults who received ECMO therapy from 2006 to 2014 were included. Survivors of ECMO were defined as patients who underwent ECMO and survived over 365 days after the initiation of ECMO therapy.

Results

A total of 3,055 survivors of ECMO were included in the final analysis. They were classified into the pre‐ECMO depression group (n = 275 [9.0%]), post‐ECMO depression group (n = 331 [10.8%]), and other ECMO survivor group. In the multivariable Cox regression model, a 1.52‐fold higher mortality was observed in the post‐ECMO depression group than in the other groups (hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.96;p = .002). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the pre‐ECMO depression group and the other groups (p = .075).

Conclusions

The prevalence of pre‐ and post‐ECMO depression was 9.0% and 10.8%, respectively. Additionally, post‐ECMO depression was associated with an increased 5 year all‐cause mortality; however, pre‐ECMO depression was not.
Genetic alterations associated with multiple primary malignancies
Authors: Nyqvist Jenny , Kovács Anikó , Einbeigi Zakaria , Karlsson Per , Forssell‐Aronsson Eva , Helou Khalil , Parris Toshima Z.
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer (BC) patients are frequently at risk of developing other malignancies following treatment. Although studies have been conducted to elucidate the etiology of multiple primary malignancies (MPM) after a BC diagnosis, few studies have investigated other previously diagnosed primary malignancies (OPPM) before BC. Here, genome‐wide profiling was used to identify potential driver DNA copy number alterations and somatic mutations that promote the development of MPMs. To compare the genomic profiles for two primary tumors (BC and OPPM) from the same patient, tumor pairs from 26 young women (≤50 years) diagnosed with one or more primary malignancies before breast cancer were analyzed. Malignant melanoma was the most frequent OPPM, followed by gynecologic‐ and hematologic malignancies. However, significantly more genetic alterations were detected in BC compared to the OPPM. BC also showed more genetic similarity as a group than the tumor pairs. Clonality testing showed that genetic alterations on chromosomes 1, 3, 16, and 19 were concordant in both tumors in 13 patients. TP53 mutations were also found to be prevalent in BC, MM, and HM. Although all samples were classified as genetically unstable, chromothripsis‐like patterns were primarily observed in BC. Taken together, few recurrent genetic alterations were identified in both tumor pairs that can explain the development of MPMs in the same patient. However, larger studies are warranted to further investigate key driver mutations associated with MPMs.
Comparing Child Homicide: An Examination of Characteristics by Degrees of Intimacy
Authors: Johnson Anna , Dawson Myrna
Published: May 2021

Child homicides are rare occurrences, but when they occur, they often cause significant outrage. This paper examines the role of varying degrees of intimacy between victims and perpetrators in determining characteristics in child homicide cases. Focusing on 533 cases of child homicide between 1985 and 2012 in Ontario, Canada, characteristics of intrafamilial and extrafamilial cases, biological and step/foster parents, and maternal and paternal perpetrators are compared. Results show that characteristics of the child homicide vary depending on the degree of intimacy between victims and perpetrators, including: perpetrator and victim age, weapon use, suicide following the offence, sexual violence and use of excessive force. These findings provide support for developmental victimology and a routine activities theoretical perspective. Suggestions for future research and policy implications are also discussed.

‘Examines the role of varying degrees of intimacy between victims and perpetrators in determining characteristics in child homicide cases’

Key Practitioner Messages

Younger children are at a greater risk of homicide from family members, while older children are at a greater risk of homicide from individuals outside the family.

Developmental victimology and routine activities theory can contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics between victims and perpetrators in child homicide.

Collaboration should take place between researchers, child death review committees, mental health services, social services and policymakers to improve child homicide prevention and intervention initiatives.
Fooled in the relationship: How Amazon Prime members' sense of self‐control counter‐intuitively reinforces impulsive buying behavior
Authors: Ramadan Zahy , Farah Maya F. , Bou Saada Rana
Published: May 2021

Amazon, the leader in the e‐retailing sector, has revolutionized online shopping through its vast areas of customer solutions, particularly with its Amazon Prime membership. Nonetheless, shoppers' behavior and attitudes in similar programs are yet to be researched. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the effect of self‐control on trust, affective attachment and impulse buying in online membership programs. Herein, researchers integrate retailers‐consumers' relational variables alongside shoppers' behavioral dimensions, to understand the long‐term relationship members have with Amazon Prime. A quantitative approach was adopted for this purpose, based on data collected over a period of 2 months from 630 respondents surveyed across the United States of America. Findings show that while self‐control first delimits impulsive shopping, it also reinforces shoppers' cognitive and affective ties with Amazon Prime, counterintuitively increasing their impulsive buys. This study is thus the first to demonstrate that retailers' membership programs such as Amazon Prime may come at the expense of consumers. This is due to the fact that such programs appear to reinforce impulsive behavior, while giving a false sense of self‐control to the shopper.