bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Real-World Evidence
Authors: Shiao Chih-Chung , Chiu Ching-Wen , Chang Yu-Ming , Liu Ming-Che , Nguyen Phung-Anh , Phan Thanh-Phuc , Liao Chia-Te , Huang Chih-Wei , Setiawan Christianus Heru , Cheng Hui-Hsin , Hsu Min-Huei , Hsu Jason C.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease have complex interactions and coexistences that significantly worsen a patient’s overall health. Previous research results have shown that SGLT2i hypoglycemic drugs can not only effectively control blood sugar in diabetic patients but also protect the kidneys and heart. This study further focuses on diabetic patients with kidney disease to explore the effectiveness of using SGLT2i hypoglycemic drugs in avoiding heart-related complications or death. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study using the Taipei Medical University Clinical Research Database (TMUCRD) as the data source. This study selected patients who suffered from both type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2020, as the research team. Integrated or separate 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (4P-MACE) and mortality were the outcomes of this study. The Kaplan-Meier curves method and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were used to explore the association between each influencing factor and the outcome. Results: A total of 5,005 patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD were included in this study, of which 524 patients were stably treated with SGLT2i, 3,952 patients were treated with DPP4i, and 529 patients were treated with TZD. The results showed that the SGLT2i user group had a significantly lower risk of 4P-MACE compared with the SGLT2i nonuser group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.68, 95% CI [0.49, 0.95], p = 0.024). The SGLT2i group had a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with the DPP4i and TZD groups (HR: 0.37, 95% CI [0.21, 0.65], p < 0.001; HR: 0.42, 95% CI [0.20, 0.90], p = 0.025). Conclusion: This study found that for patients with both diabetes and kidney disease, SGLT2i is a better option than other oral hypoglycemic medications because it can significantly avoid the occurrence of heart-related complications. The results of this study can be used as a reference for clinical medication selection practice.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Neuroendocrine System
Authors: Sasikumar Shruti , Unniappan Suraj
Published: October 2024

Background: The novel coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2 triggered the COVID-19 pandemic with severe economic and social ramifications. As the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the respiratory system becomes more understood, growing evidence suggests that the virus also impacts the homeostasis-regulating neuroendocrine system, potentially affecting other organ systems. Summary: This review explores the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the neuroendocrine system, highlighting the effect of this virus on various endocrine glands, including the brain, hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreatic islets, gonads, and adipose tissue. The viral invasion disrupts normal hormonal pathways, leading to a range of endocrine disorders, immune dysregulation, and metabolic disturbances. Key Messages: There is potential for SARS-CoV-2 to induce autoimmune responses, exacerbate existing endocrine conditions, and trigger new-onset disorders. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing treatment strategies that address not only the respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 but also its endocrine complications. The review emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on endocrine health.
Arterial-Lymphatic-Like Endothelial Cells Appear in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia 2 and Contribute to Vascular Leakage and Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Yang Yang , Wu Xiuju , Zhao Yan , Zhang Daoqin , Zhang Li , Cai Xinjiang , Ji Jaden , Jing Zheng , Boström Kristina I. , Yao Yucheng
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characteristic of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Loss-of-function mutations in the activin receptor‐like kinase 1 (
Alk1
) are linked to hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2.

METHODS:

Endothelial-specific deletion of
Alk1,
endothelial lineage tracing, transcriptomics of single-cell analysis, and electron microscopy were performed to examine the vascular phenotype and characteristics of ALK1-deficient endothelial cells (ECs) after EC-specific
Alk1
deletion. Ischemia assays were used to examine the cell capacity for vascular malformation. Connectivity Map with transcriptomic analysis was applied to identify chemical compounds. Specific methods for arteriovenous malformations, such as micro–computed tomography, with other molecular and cell biological tools were also performed.

RESULTS:

We performed endothelial-specific deletion of
Alk1
in mice and found severe arteriovenous malformations and vascular leakage. The transcriptomics of single-cell analysis revealed a new distinctive cell cluster formed after
Alk1
deletion where the cells coexpressed arterial and lymphatic endothelial markers. The analysis projected that these cells potentially originated from arterial ECs after
Alk1
deletion. This new population was referred to as arterial-lymphatic-like ECs according to its cellular markers, and its appearance was validated in the pulmonary small arteries after
Alk1
deletion. Transplantation of these cells caused vascular malformations. Endothelial lineage tracing confirmed that these new arterial-lymphatic-like ECs were derived from ALK1 depleted ECs, potentially arterial ECs. We discovered that SOX17 (SRY-box transcription factor 17) induction was responsible for the derivation of these arterial-lymphatic-like ECs. We showed that direct binding of MDM2 (mouse double minute 2) was required for Sox17 to execute this activity. Inhibition of MDM2 reduced the arteriovenous malformations in the mouse model.

CONCLUSIONS:

Together, our studies revealed the mechanistic underpinnings of ALK1 signaling in regulating the endothelial phenotype and provided possibilities for new therapeutic strategies in hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2.
Diffusion MRI with machine learning
Authors: Karimi Davood , Warfield Simon K.
Published: October 2024

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) of the brain offers unique capabilities including noninvasive probing of tissue microstructure and structural connectivity. It is widely used for clinical assessment of disease and injury, and for neuroscience research. Analyzing the dMRI data to extract useful information for medical and scientific purposes can be challenging. The dMRI measurements may suffer from strong noise and artifacts, and may exhibit high intersession and interscanner variability in the data, as well as intersubject heterogeneity in brain structure. Moreover, the relationship between measurements and the phenomena of interest can be highly complex. Recent years have witnessed increasing use of machine learning methods for dMRI analysis. This manuscript aims to assess these efforts, with a focus on methods that have addressed data preprocessing and harmonization, microstructure mapping, tractography, and white matter tract analysis. We study the main findings, strengths, and weaknesses of the existing methods and suggest topics for future research. We find that machine learning may be exceptionally suited to tackle some of the difficult tasks in dMRI analysis. However, for this to happen, several shortcomings of existing methods and critical unresolved issues need to be addressed. There is a pressing need to improve evaluation practices, to increase the availability of rich training datasets and validation benchmarks, as well as model generalizability, reliability, and explainability concerns.
Inter–Intraseasonality of Meteorological Drivers of Chorabari Glacier, Central Himalaya: Implications for Mass Fluctuations and Associated Hazards
Authors: Yadav Jairam Singh , Tiwari Sameer K. , Bhambri Rakesh , Sain Kalachand , Patidar Pawan , Baiswar Ayushi
Published: October 2024

High-altitude meteorological data are scarce in the Himalayan region, particularly for glacierized catchments. In-depth knowledge of meteorological variables is crucial to describe numerous cryospheric processes and associated hazards. The present study comprehensively assesses time series data (2013–16) of meteorological parameters in the Chorabari Glacier catchment (CGC) using an automatic weather station (∼4270 m MSL). Results revealed that average near-surface air temperature varied seasonally, ranging from 6.4°C in the summer monsoon (June–September) to −6.3°C in the winter season (December–February). The minimum temperature (Tmin) remained positive throughout the monsoon seasons in the higher elevations (∼5050 m MSL), indicating the melting of glaciers and their reduced mass. The daily relative humidity in different seasons fluctuated from 39% to 90%, whereas the highest seasonal average (∼63%) was observed in the monsoon season. The average wind speed was high (∼1.7 m s−1) during winter and dropped to 1.1 m s−1 in the monsoon season. The average daily influx of solar radiation ranged from 19 to 374 W m−2, with the highest value recorded during the premonsoon (March–May ∼ 212 W m−2) and the lowest during the winter (∼149 W m−2) season. The daily outflux solar radiation varied from 18 to 186 W m−2, with the maximum value in premonsoon (∼145 W m−2) and the minimum value in the monsoon season (∼30 W m−2). The mean zero-degree isotherm was found above the equilibrium line altitude (ELA ∼ 5120 m MSL) during the monsoon season, indicating a considerable mass depletion of the Chorabari Glacier. The abnormal variations in climatic variables on 16–17 June 2013 were signs of the Kedarnath disaster.

Significance Statement

The main objective of this study is to understand the variability of meteorological drivers at daily, monthly, and seasonal scales and how these changes may impact glacier mass and downstream hydrology. Our research revealed considerable variations in maximum temperature throughout the year and positive minimum temperature at higher elevations during monsoon months, which significantly control the glacier mass changes. Meteorological variables showing cyclic behavior and indicators of the “monsoon lowering phenomenon” are important in determining the timing and intensity of the seasonal shift. Investigation of abnormal changes in the climatic drivers in the 2013 Kedarnath disaster provides valuable insight into the glacier-related hazards and draws attention to decision-makers to create robust strategies to monitor the dynamic response of Himalayan glaciers.
Resolving the Ubiquitous Small-Scale Semipermanent Features of the General Ocean Circulation: A Multiplatform Observational Approach
Authors: Wijffels S. E. , Gebbie G. , Robbins P. E.
Published: October 2024

Based on 20 years of Argo and ship/animal-borne/glider hydrographic profile data, we derive a new high-resolution hydrographic Atlas and associated circulation field for the oceans above 2000 dbar. Satellite altimetric observations are used to explicitly regress out eddy noise in the fit, greatly reducing one of the major sources of noise. Geostrophic shears are found from the fitted geopotential anomaly fields. Ekman velocities are estimated using satellite wind stresses. Both Argo trajectory observations at 1000 dbar and surface drifter observations are used to reference geostrophic shears derived from the Atlas hydrography. Surface drifter velocities are analyzed with an additional wind friction term to remove the wind-related flow. Agreement between the surface geostrophic (referenced to Argo trajectories) and drifter-based surface velocity is high at both large scales and mesoscales, lending confidence to the derived geostrophic circulation fields. The Atlas reveals standing mesoscale eddies and meanders in western boundary systems and the braided jet structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. In the interior, the upper-ocean flow consists of a highly baroclinic large-scale Sverdrup flow and smaller-scale (∼200-km width) semizonal jets, which are more barotropic (low vertical shear) and have an average zonal width of around 5000 km. These semizonal jets are globally ubiquitous—found in all basins pole to pole. The many permanent mesoscale features of the mean general circulation contrast with that predicted by theories of the large-scale flow in simplified flat-bottomed domains. The Atlas presents a new opportunity to benchmark modern high-resolution ocean and climate models.

Significance Statement

This study exploits the radical increase in the number of observations of the ocean vertical structure in the past 20 years due to the use of robotic profilers. Combined with satellite observations, this much larger data coverage allows us to uncover the structure of the mean (or time average) ocean and its flow at much smaller horizontal length scales than in the past, like going from a blurry view to a clear one. In this new view, we find small permanent eddies and meanders of major ocean flows and jets around islands and through bathymetric constrictions. We also find ubiquitous semizonal striations throughout the global ocean interior. In the past, these were only seen at the surface, but we now show they reach down to at least 2000 m and comprise a significant part of the ocean’s mean flow field. These features are likely important to how the ocean mixes heat and other important quantities such as oxygen and carbon around Earth.
Near-Surface Particulate Backscattering Observations with Bio-Optical Lagrangian Drifters
Authors: Bellacicco Marco , Pitarch Jaime , Organelli Emanuele , Zoffoli Maria Laura , Concha Javier A. , Falcini Federico , Li Mengyu , Marullo Salvatore , Rio Marie-Helene , Santoleri Rosalia , Centurioni Luca R.
Published: October 2024

Particulate matter concentration is an essential ocean variable (EOV) useful for understanding biogeochemical processes, improving ocean productivity estimates, and constraining coupled physical and biogeochemical numerical models. While direct observations of this parameter are difficult to obtain, the optical backscattering coefficient of marine particles (bbp) can be used as a reliable proxy. However, most in situ multispectral bbp measurements are ship-borne or obtained from moored systems, thus with a limited spatial and temporal coverage. Utilizing Surface Velocity Programme (SVP) drifting buoys with self-contained backscatter sensors designed for extended deployment periods offers a promising solution for collecting data in challenging marine environments. In this study, we presented for the first time the integration of a commercially available, high-frequency, and multispectral optical backscatter sensor into an SVP drifter, the so-called backscatter optical-SVP (BO-SVP) drifter designed to collect bbp measurements near the ocean surface. The bbp measurements obtained by the BO-SVP drifter were reliable over a wide range of environmental conditions, showing a good agreement with independent datasets (relative bias < 10%; relative standard deviation < 36%). The BO-SVP drifter captures the satellite sub- and pixel-scale variability by combining the Lagrangian approach and a high-frequency sampling. This configuration enables the acquisition of measurements across numerous pixels in a single day, enhancing validation activities for ongoing and future satellite products and the quantification of associated uncertainties. The measurements acquired by these platforms can offer valuable insights into particle distribution at fine spatial scales, daily variability, and its relationship with water masses type and ocean dynamics.
Understanding the Mechanisms Mediating the Relationship Between Delinquent Peer Association and Adolescent Drug Use in the Greater China Region
Authors: Wu Kehui , Li Spencer D. , Yang Shu-Lung
Published: October 2024

Prior research on delinquent peer association and adolescent drug use predominantly examines the direct link between the two factors from the differential association/social learning perspective. The current study, based on survey data among 8,027 secondary school students sampled from three major cities in the Greater China Region, aims to elucidate this relationship further by identifying key mediators derived from several major criminological theories and perspectives, including social learning theory, lifestyle/routine activity theory, general strain theory, and the opportunity perspective. This study finds that significant mediators include pro-drug use attitudes, crime victimization, and drug availability, with pro-drug use attitudes exerting the most substantial influence on adolescent drug use. These results underscore the complexity of the relationship between delinquent peer association and adolescent drug use, advocating for a multifaceted theoretical approach for comprehensive understanding.
Women leaders lost in translation? A Study in Romans 16:1–16
Authors: Sybrandi Marieke
Published: October 2024

This paper sets out a study in the text, interpretation, translation, and reception history of key terms and phrases relating to the ministry of particular women in Romans 16:1–16. It aims to show the complexity of translation and interpretation and demonstrate the importance of careful reading of the Greek text. It argues that terms and phrases relating to the women have not always been given their wider sense, thereby diminishing or denying the (leadership) roles of women in the early church. The phrases investigated are: διάκονος (v1) and προστάτις πολλῶν (v. 2) relating to Phoebe; συνεργούς (v. 3) and κοπιάω (vv. 6, 12) relating to Prisca, Mary, Tryphena, Tryphosa and Persis; Ἰουνιαν (v. 7) and ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις (v. 7) relating to Junia.
Andrew Walls, the Pandemic, and the Reinterpretation of Christian Faith
Authors: Gornik Mark R.
Published: October 2024

The recent Covid pandemic may well be introducing historic changes to Christian faith that we cannot yet see. Looking back, we can see religious shifts that occurred in response to the influenza pandemic of 1918, including the rise of new forms of Christian community in Africa. Christian faith, Andrew Walls (1928–2021) saw, is not just something you receive; faith remakes you, and you remake it. Walls urged the Western theological academy to embrace the changes taking place as a result of the shift in the centre of Christian gravity. Going forward, we may be seeing the seeds of change from the pandemic in a more holistic Christian faith, one that emphasizes the evangel for all of creation.
A Meta-Analytic Evaluation: Investigating Evidence for the Validity of the Cognitive Abilities Test
Authors: Ozen Zafer , Pereira Nielsen , Karatas Tugce , Castillo-Hermosilla Hernán , Maeda Yukiko
Published: October 2024

Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) is one of the most frequently used gifted identification tools. In this meta-analytic study, we investigated empirical evidence of the validity of CogAT, in relation to different types of instruments. After reviewing 1,480 studies, a total of 24 with 33 effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis. According to our findings, the average effect size of r was found to be .63 with a 95% confidence interval [.57, .69]. Based on the heterogeneity test, significant variation due to the systematic between-study differences exists among the included correlations. Egger’s test for funnel plot asymmetry also indicates that no obvious publication bias exists in our study pool, which indicates there might not be a serious threat to alter the obtained results with publication bias. The moderator analysis revealed Lohman’s authorship and publication type influenced the effect size differences among studies. CogAT’s overall correlation with other identification tools (.63) might suggest using at least one more identification tool besides CogAT.
How can we do authentic co-construction with autistic secondary pupils?
Authors: Glass Devyn , Gillett Sadie , Yuill Nicola
Published: October 2024

Purpose of the research:

Co-constructed digital storytelling methods have the potential to provide authentic children’s perspectives for planning health and education support. The Our Stories project investigated how this method can be applied with autistic children and young people (CYP). A year-long sub-project supported four autistic CYP in a mainstream secondary school in the UK to create short videos illustrating how they manage their sensory and emotional experiences during the school day. The CYP were supported by a member of the Special Educational Needs and Disabilities team, a specialist autism teacher, a researcher, and filmmakers from a disability-led community interest company. This paper reflects on how we can authentically co-construct digital stories with autistic secondary pupils.

Major findings:

We identified two broad messages for genuinely participatory research. The first was how the structure of sessions changed, from an initial assumption of imposing structure to achieve the research aims to the negotiation of a messy, more fluid means of working to suit the CYP’s needs and wishes. Second was a change in the intended purpose of the stories, from a product to support reflection and understanding about emotional regulation, to each CYP’s own unfolding of purpose.

Conclusion:

We draw out general implications for co-construction in participatory research in terms of awareness of how to work with power relations in ways that keep the young person at the centre of analysis, and which recognise the need for space for CYP to construct their own meanings.
Examining the Independent and Interactive Carryover Effects of Cognitive and Physical Exertions on Physical Performance
Authors: Pabla Rahul K. , Graham Jeffrey D. , Watterworth Michael W. B. , La Delfa Nicholas J.
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study compared the effects of prior cognitive, physical, and concurrent exertion on physical performance.

Background

Fatiguing cognitive and physical exertions have been shown to negatively affect subsequent task performance. However, it is not clearly understood if concurrent physical and cognitive effort may exaggerate the negative carryover effects on physical task performance when compared to cognitive or physical exertion alone.

Method

Twenty-five participants completed four isometric handgrip endurance trials on different days. The endurance trials were preceded by four, 15-minute experimental manipulations (cognitive, physical, concurrent, control). Electromyography (EMG) and force tracing performance were monitored, with handgrip strength measured pre and post. Subjective ratings of mental and physical fatigue, as well as affect, motivation, and task self-efficacy, were also assessed.

Results

Handgrip strength decreased following both physical (−14.4% MVC) and concurrent (−12.3% MVC) exertion manipulations, with no changes being observed for the cognitive and control conditions. No differences were observed across conditions for endurance time, EMG, nor tracing performance. When compared to the control conditions, perceptions of mental and physical fatigue were higher following the experimental manipulation. Endurance trial self-efficacy was lower for the mental, physical and concurrent conditions compared to control.

Conclusion

The concurrent condition resulted in similar decreases in strength as the physical fatigue condition, but otherwise resulted in similar carryover effects on endurance performance across all conditions. Further study is required at higher exposure levels, or for longer exposure durations, to further probe the influence of concurrent physical and cognitive effort on task performance.

Application

Concurrent cognitive and physical effort resulted in similar physical performance decrements to physical effort alone.
Analysis and experimental evaluation framework for buckling and post-buckling of composite stiffened panels
Authors: Wang Zhe , Chen Xiangming , Wang Binwen , Huang Yan , Chen Puhui
Published: October 2024

The composite thin-walled stiffened panel exhibits considerable potential for post-buckling bearing capacity. However, due to the limitations in post-buckling analysis and experimental evaluation capabilities, local buckling under limited loads is not permissible for current aircraft composite panels, significantly diminishing the weight reduction effect of composite panels. In this paper, experimental research on composite fuselage curved panels under combined compression and shear loads was conducted with an experimental system. The buckling analysis and failure prediction of composite fuselage curved panels were performed by the finite element method, using the interlaminar failure criterion and an improved Tsai-Wu failure criterion. Meanwhile, interaction formulaes were utilized to predict buckling correlation curves and failure envelopes. The results show that the finite element model with improved criteria and the rapid analysis method based on interaction formulaes exhibit high accuracy, which are available for properties analysis of composite panels. The experimental techniques and analytical methods proposed in this paper can provide a way to evaluate the buckling and post-buckling performance of composite stiffened panels.
Comparative fitting methodology of cure kinetics models based on differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Gkertzos Petros , Kotzakolios Athanasios , Katsidimas Ioannis , Zaidi Sihem , Sanchez-Rodriguez Daniel , Costa Josep , Kostopoulos Vassilis
Published: October 2024

The optimization of composite cure cycles is critical in materials engineering, requiring a deep understanding of the material’s cure kinetics. This study employs Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) coupled with advanced fitting algorithms to determine the most accurate cure kinetics models for optimizing time-temperature profiles. Given the wide variability in model selection and fitting approaches in existing literature, our research systematically compares several cure kinetics models and their fitting methodologies to identify the most effective strategies. We highlight the advantages and limitations of each approach, with a particular focus on the robustness of the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm compared to the Trust-Region-Reflective (TRR) algorithm. Given the existence of multiple local minima in the objective function, a global approach (genetic algorithm) is employed. Our findings reveal that, although the TRR and LM algorithms are faster, they are less accurate than the genetic algorithm. Moreover, the Kamal-Sourour model shows the highest prediction accuracy among the tested models. This comparative analysis provides a systematic approach and crucial insights into selecting the optimal cure kinetic model and corresponding parameters, based on experimental data, allowing for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of composite curing processes.
Dancing With Difficulty: A Qualitative Study on Management of Emergent Difficulties in Mindfulness Group Sessions
Authors: Miller Rachael B.
Published: October 2024

In the last decade, research has highlighted the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in treating psychiatric and physical conditions. Moments of difficulty during sessions are known to occur and can serve as opportunities for therapeutic growth. However, while research has concentrated on mindfulness’s impact on clients, the role of the facilitator remains underexplored. This qualitative study examined how mindfulness facilitators manage emergent difficulties during group MBCT/MBSR courses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with MBCT/MBSR facilitators ( n=15) to discuss how they defined and managed emergent difficulty. Emergent difficulty, as derived from the interview data, is defined by dysregulation that impedes engagement, unsettles the group container, and necessitates intervention. Using thematic analysis, three key themes emerged: (a) when common difficulty becomes emergent, (b) the facilitators’ embodiment of mindfulness principles plays a pivotal role in effectively managing emergent difficulties, and (c) participants and facilitators engage in a dynamic process of “dancing with difficulty,” wherein turning toward challenges with curiosity and compassion enhances participants’ ability to remain present. The findings underscore the importance of embodiment in recognizing and addressing emergent challenges, fostering better attunement. Effective facilitation benefits individual participants and enriches the entire group’s experience by extending strategies for approaching obstacles with acceptance, compassion, and equanimity.
The Prevalence of Specific Learning Difficulties in Higher Education: A Study of UK Universities Across 12 Academic Years
Authors: Brunswick Nicola , Wilson Nathan J. , Kruger Ian , Chamberlain Rebecca , McManus I. Christopher
Published: October 2024

Specific learning and attention difficulties are often first identified in childhood, but they can cause lifelong academic and occupational challenges. We explored the prevalence of these difficulties and the representation of sex and ethnicity amongst all first-year students in UK higher education across 12 years—almost 5.7 million students—and compared course preferences and University destinations of those with and without difficulties. Students declaring learning/attention difficulties were more likely to be White or of Mixed ethnicity and least likely to be Asian. They were more likely to attend specialist HE institutions or newer universities, and more likely to study courses in creative arts and design, agriculture and architecture than law, languages, computer science, and mathematical sciences. The number of students declaring difficulties has increased year on year, in actual terms and as a proportion of the student body, suggesting that efforts to increase diversity and inclusion have been successful. However, differences remain between students with and without learning/attention difficulties in terms of ethnicity, subjects studied, and HE institutions attended, so more needs to be done to identify and address reasons for this. While this paper reports data from UK students, it addresses an international question and invites similar explorations of other national datasets.
Effect of pre-squeezing force in a single-sizing-roll triple-roll-type sizing machine on size pick-up and quality indexes of sized yarns
Authors: Wang Kuang , Pan Xinming , Guo Mingrui , Wang Jingan , Gao Weidong
Published: October 2024

Cotton warp sizing is the precondition for guaranteeing smooth weaving. Pre-squeezing is one of the processes for sizing in modern multi-squeezing roll sizing machines, which plays a positive role in the rational distribution of sizing material in sized yarn. However, the effect of pre-squeezing force on the properties of sized yarn is not clear. In this study, the mixed size liquor of starch acetate and PVA 088-05 was modified to reduce its viscosity at room temperature; subsequently, the warp yarns were sized by a single-sizing-roll triple-roll-type sizing machine. The effect of pre-squeezing force on the size pick-up and quality indexes of sized yarns was investigated. The results revealed that there was a positive correlation between pre-squeezing force and the size pick-up of sized yarn. The breaking force, abrasion resistance, abrasion residual breaking force, and hairiness number of sized yarns first increased and then decreased as the pre-squeezing force was increased. The analysis of variance indicated that pre-squeezing force significantly affected size pick-up percentage, breaking force and elongation, abrasion resistance, and hairiness of sized yarns. This study clarifies the relationship between pre-squeezing force and sized yarn quality indexes, which can offer a beneficial reference for the selection of pre-squeezing force in sizing production.
Nomogram for Predicting the Risk Factors for Falls in Older People: A Secondary Data Analysis Based on the 2021 Community Health Survey
Authors: Park Sook Kyoung , Kim Hyuk Joon , Lee Young-Me , Kim Hye Young
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to identify the risk factors for falls among older individuals living at home in a community and develop a nomogram to predict falls. This study included 74 492 people aged 65 years or older who participated in the 2021 Community Health Survey conducted in Korea. The data analysis methods used included the Rao-Scott χ2 test, a complex sample t-test, and complex binary logistic regression using SPSS 26.0. Using logistic regression analysis, a fall-risk prediction nomogram was created based on regression coefficients, and the reliability of the nomogram was calculated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and values of the area under the curve (AUC). The fall incidence rate among older adults was 16.4%. Factors affecting the subject’s fall experience included being more than 85 years old (OR = 1.40); living alone (OR = 1.13); receiving basic welfare (OR = 1.18); subjective health status (OR = 1.72); number of days spent walking (OR = 0.98); obesity (OR = 1.08); severe depression (OR = 2.84); sleep duration time (OR = 1.11); experiencing cognitive decline (OR = 1.34); and diabetes (OR = 1.12). In the nomogram, the depression score exhibited the greatest discriminatory power, followed by subjective health status, gender, experience of cognitive decline, age, basic livelihood security, adequacy of sleep, living alone, diabetes, and number of days of walking. The AUC value was 0.66. An intervention plan that comprehensively considers physical, psychological, and social factors is required to prevent falls in older adults. The nomogram developed in this study will help local health institutions assess all these risk factors for falling and create and implement systematic education and intervention programs to prevent falls and fall-related injuries among older individuals.
Lament: Measuring a Christian Meaning-Making Coping Practice
Authors: Hall M. Elizabeth Lewis , Kapic Kelly , Park Crystal L. , Sacco Shane J. , Kim Dahee , McMartin Jason , Silverman Eric , Shannonhouse Laura , Aten Jamie , Snow Lindsay M.
Published: October 2024

Research demonstrates that people draw on their religions in coping with difficult life circumstances, and that more religious people tend to cope better than less religious people. Lament is a religious prayer practice that constitutes a form of meaning-making coping. Here, we explicate this form of coping and, in a series of three studies with Christian participants, report on the development of a lament scale. In the first study, we develop items and test the items for clarity and for generalizability to diverse Christian groups using expert review and cognitive interviewing with participants representing five Christian groups. In the second study, we report results of exploratory factor analysis using data from primarily White and Protestant MTurk participants ( N = 303). In the third study, we report on factor stability and construct validity using data from largely White and African American Protestant and Catholic Prolific participants ( N = 346). The studies demonstrated generalizability to diverse Christian groups, a three-factor structure consistent with our theoretical formulation, good construct validity and relationships with well-being. Moderation analyses also indicated that when both Complaint and Praise are either high or low, the severity of the event is inversely related to flourishing. However, when either Complaint or Praise is high, the negative relationship between severity of the event and flourishing is ameliorated. The Lament Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing lament in ways that are consistent with the conceptualization of lament as a meaning-making coping practice.
Using Instructions and Acoustic Feedback to Improve Staff Delivery of Behavior-Specific Praise in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Britwum Kwadwo , Smith G. David , Britwum Michelle , Parthum Elizabeth , Jacobs Eric
Published: October 2024

Past research has shown the effectiveness of contingent acoustic feedback (CAF) in various human performance settings, but its impact on staff performance in clinical settings remains unclear. The current study replicated and extended Herron et al. (2018) by using vocal instructions and CAF to teach staff to use behavior-specific praise (BSP) to reinforce designated client behavior in a clinical setting. Results from a multiple-baseline-across-staff design revealed that this intervention increased the rate at which staff used BSP to reinforce designated client behavior. Paired sample t-tests showed a significant increase in the rate of BSP for each participant from baseline to the intervention phase, and participants maintained increased rates of BSP during probes conducted 1 to 3 weeks after the intervention was complete. Additionally, paired sample t-tests showed statistically significant increases in the rates of designated behavior for each client. Participants also rated the instructions and CAF procedure as more worthwhile, helpful, relevant, pleasant, and less disruptive than feedback methods typically used in their agency.
The Improved EMS Algorithm for Latent Variable Selection in M3PL Model
Authors: Shang Laixu , Xu Ping-Feng , Shan Na , Tang Man-Lai , Zheng Qian-Zhen
Published: October 2024

One of the main concerns in multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) is to detect the relationship between items and latent traits, which can be treated as a latent variable selection problem. An attractive method for latent variable selection in multidimensional 2-parameter logistic (M2PL) model is to minimize the observed Bayesian information criterion (BIC) by the expectation model selection (EMS) algorithm. The EMS algorithm extends the EM algorithm and allows the updates of the model (e.g., the loading structure in MIRT) in the iterations along with the parameters under the model. As an extension of the M2PL model, the multidimensional 3-parameter logistic (M3PL) model introduces an additional guessing parameter which makes the latent variable selection more challenging. In this paper, a well-designed EMS algorithm, named improved EMS (IEMS), is proposed to accurately and efficiently detect the underlying true loading structure in the M3PL model, which also works for the M2PL model. In simulation studies, we compare the IEMS algorithm with several state-of-art methods and the IEMS is of competitiveness in terms of model recovery, estimation precision, and computational efficiency. The IEMS algorithm is illustrated by its application to two real data sets.
Reducing Prejudice Through Narrative Writing: The Effects of Contact Type and Linguistic Authenticity
Authors: Zhu Xun
Published: October 2024

This study investigates how the content and style of narrative writing about an outgroup reduce prejudice. The study compares cooperative contact, where writers describe working with an outgroup character, with parasocial contact, where writers describe the character alone. It further examines whether the contact effects vary with linguistic authenticity. In two experiments, I manipulated the types of contact and measured authenticity through language patterns. Study 1 ( N = 719) found that having contact with an outgroup character elicited more positive affect toward the character, which reduced the desire for distance from the outgroup. Cooperative and parasocial contact showed similar effects, but their impacts varied with linguistic authenticity. Authentic language was associated with stronger impacts in cooperative contact but not in parasocial contact. Study 2 ( N = 287) replicated that linguistic authenticity moderated the effect of cooperative contact on affect toward the character. These findings highlight linguistic dynamics in intergroup contact.
Borrower discouragement: Explaining under-represented racial minority entrepreneur’s relationship with debt financing
Authors: Mercado Mauricio
Published: October 2024

This study examines the factors influencing borrower discouragement among underrepresented racial minority entrepreneurs (URMs) in the United States, focusing on their engagement with debt financing. Despite their significant economic contributions, URMs face systemic challenges in accessing financial resources essential for growth. The research explores how experiences in racialised environments lead to feelings of stereotype threat, which in turn result in borrower discouragement. An experiment involving 186 entrepreneurs revealed that stereotype threat fosters a prevention focus while diminishing a promotion focus. Interestingly, stereotype reactance can mitigate the impact of stereotype threat on prevention focus. These findings enhance our understanding of the micro-processes in debt acquisition for URMs, contributing to URM entrepreneurship literature and resource acquisition research. They also have practical implications, highlighting the need for strategies to counteract borrower discouragement and support URMs in their entrepreneurial endeavours.
Developing smart archives in society 5.0: Leveraging artificial intelligence for managing audiovisual archives in Africa
Authors: Schellnack-Kelly Isabel , Modiba Mashilo
Published: October 2024

In the age of Society 5.0, marked by the profound integration of digital technologies and human society, the preservation and management of audiovisual archives in Africa face substantial challenges. The application of artificial intelligence plays a pivotal role in the establishment of digital archives in the society 5.0. The exponential growth of digital content, combined with the continent's diverse cultural landscape, presents complex obstacles to conventional archival practices. Without the effective implementation of artificial intelligence technologies, crucial aspects such as curation, accessibility and sustainable management of audiovisual archives in Africa remain hindered. Thus, the overarching problem under scrutiny pertains to how the establishment of intelligent archives, facilitated by AI, can offer innovative solutions for preserving and managing audiovisual archives in Africa, within the overarching framework of Society 5.0. This approach has the potential to significantly contribute to safeguarding Africa's rich cultural heritage and advancing research, education and cultural exchange. The purpose of this paper will be to focus on the challenges encountered by selected African countries, such as the ESARBICA countries and those that undertake environmental conservation projects, in managing their audiovisual collections and what can be done to facilitate AI. It resulted in the formulation of a framework for implementing smart archives using AI in African contexts, emphasizing practical strategies and best practices. A qualitative approach enabled a nuanced understanding of complex dynamics at play. Through the observation of AI integration processes, by means of desktop analyses of websites of African national archives and online interest groups showcasing nature conservation projects and initiatives, this article aims to capture a comprehensive picture of the current landscape and future possibilities.
The mining of China's policies against COVID-19 based on a policy target and tool co-evolution framework
Authors: Huo Chaoguang , Li Xinru , Zhang Chenwei , Huo Fanfan
Published: October 2024

Mining all COVID-19 policies issued by China can provide valuable lessons for both China and other countries in future pandemic control efforts. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for mining the co-evolution of policy targets and policy tools. We employ bibliometric methods, text mining, and network analysis to explore the entire evolution of China's COVID-19 policies. Examining 1154 central government policies, (a) we extract policy targets from each policy, uncovering their evolution across different stages of the pandemic; (b) propose to identify the policy tool used in each policy unit by integrating an automatic identification model and active learning. We also reveal the categorical structure of these tools; (c) characterize the co-evolution pattern between policy targets and policy tools, shedding light on their dynamic relationship. Our findings indicate that policy targets have shifted across various stages, revealing unique characteristics in China's COVID-19 prevention and control efforts. Notably, there is a self-paradox between prevention measures and economic development. We identify the inadequateness in the distribution and utilization of policy tools. Ensuring the alignment of policy targets with appropriate tools is crucial. This synchronization and co-evolution between policy targets and tools are essential for enhancing the functional approach to policy implementation. This paper is the first systematic mining and review about the COVID-19 policies issued by the Chinese government, and our policy target and tool co-evolution mining framework provides a new quantitative framework for policy mining, especially an improved large language model and active learning theory are integrated to identify the policy tools automatically.
The European Broadcasting Union: corporate management and voluntary work
Authors: Petre Raluca
Published: October 2024

Information as a public good is not a thing of nature, but a purposeful action. In my contribution, I explore an international association that got institutionalised around the idea of information as a public good by means of lucrative cooperation between public service broadcasters. It emerged after the Second World War, in a world where public services would become the norm rather than the exception, and has continued to a time when priorities switched fundamentally towards profit and liberalisation. The object of study is the European Broadcasting Union, the largest association of public service media providers in Europe and beyond, servicing more than one billion people as audiences via its members. In order to understand whether EBU's institutional practices still prioritise information as a public good or have moved towards a more neo-lib focus, I undertook an institutional analysis based on secondary data. The research shows that the combination of a neo-lib corporate layer with voluntary working groups from national PSMs makes EBU particularly successful; it looks like a new public management dream come true, except that EBU is not an accountable public organisation. Through the NGO structure, corporate management and voluntary work, it opens large avenues of cooperation for professionals to innovate together, at the end of the day enhancing information as a public good.
Globalisation and competitive strategies of firms in traditional manufacturing sectors of the West Midlands
Authors: Tripathi Mamta , Jarvis David , Broadhurst Kate
Published: October 2024

In the context of globalisation, the sustainability of traditional manufacturing sectors depends on the ability of firms to modernise and diversify. To remain competitive against emerging economies in high-volume and low-technology areas, firms must engage in high-value manufacturing. This paper uses theoretical underpinnings from strategic management and place-based approaches to provide a historical account of competitive strategies of traditional manufacturing firms in the West Midlands region of the UK between 2010 and 2012 where the automotive, ceramics, glass and clothing sectors are examined. The research methodology is based on critical realist philosophy, which emphasizes an in-depth understanding of firm behaviour and acknowledges sensitivity to differences in decision-making. The paper highlights the complexity of competitive behaviour, which is influenced by enabling and constraining factors. While the evidence presented in the paper is from 2010 to 2012, it emphasizes the need for a participatory, farsighted, and proactive policy approach to retain the historic industrial character of the region.