bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘College choice’ under the COVID-19 pandemic: Sustainability of engineering campuses for future enrollments
Authors: Mahajan Prashant , Patil Vaishali
Published: September 2023

Engineering profession for students and diverse students for Engineering Campuses (ECs) is the prestige to have for both. Worldwide higher education has been impacted by COVID-19 pandemic, but particularly pulling padlocked doors of Indian engineering campuses (ECs) down. Students’ attitudes regarding choice, liking, and preferences were also affected. Knowing how tough ’college choice’ was before the pandemic, one can guess how difficult it will be today. The objective of this study was to explore students’ perceptions of choice characteristics related to ECs and diverse students enabling choice decisions under the COVID-19 situation, and to discover any possible relationships among them. Research questions were qualitatively examined with the statistical confirmation of related hypothesizes by utilizing ANOVA and Regression analysis. A self-reported quantitative survey composed of a closed-ended structured questionnaire was administered on the students of first-year engineering who had recently enrolled in ECs of North Maharashtra Region of India, after pandemic hitting India. According to the study, ECs have several characteristics impacting students’ selection of ECs under pandemic. The influence of proximity, image and reputation, educational quality, and curriculum delivery was significant in contributing sustainability of ECs. This influence was significant across students’ psychological and behavioural biases on likes, choices, and preferences. Furthermore, multiple relationships were noted within the sub-groups of demographic, geographic, socioeconomic, academic performance, and psychological and behavioural traits due to the impact of ECs’ characteristics on sustainability. The study has provided a framework for policymakers and administrators to strengthen repositioning towards sustainability while capturing potentially diverse enrolments. Even if we have to coexist with pandemic forever or with more similar pandemics, the findings of this study may undergo a fundamental transformation for ECs (existing and forthcoming). On the other hand, by understanding the importance and relations of choice characteristics may smoothen the complex nature of "college choice" for prospective students.
Unraveling the role of non-coding rare variants in epilepsy
Authors: Girard Alexandre , Moreau Claudia , Michaud Jacques L. , Minassian Berge , Cossette Patrick , Girard Simon L.
Published: September 2023

The discovery of new variants has leveled off in recent years in epilepsy studies, despite the use of very large cohorts. Consequently, most of the heritability is still unexplained. Rare non-coding variants have been largely ignored in studies on epilepsy, although non-coding single nucleotide variants can have a significant impact on gene expression. We had access to whole genome sequencing (WGS) from 247 epilepsy patients and 377 controls. To assess the functional impact of non-coding variants, ExPecto, a deep learning algorithm was used to predict expression change in brain tissues. We compared the burden of rare non-coding deleterious variants between cases and controls. Rare non-coding highly deleterious variants were significantly enriched in Genetic Generalized Epilepsy (GGE), but not in Non-Acquired Focal Epilepsy (NAFE) or all epilepsy cases when compared with controls. In this study we showed that rare non-coding deleterious variants are associated with epilepsy, specifically with GGE. Larger WGS epilepsy cohort will be needed to investigate those effects at a greater resolution. Nevertheless, we demonstrated the importance of studying non-coding regions in epilepsy, a disease where new discoveries are scarce.
Timely initiation of breastfeeding among women who gave birth by cesarean section in central Ethiopia, 2022: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lonsako Arega Abebe , Mezmur Haymanot , Gebreyesus Arsema , Tolosa Gadissa , Girma Sagni
Published: September 2023

Background

Timely initiation of breastfeeding reduces the risk of neonatal mortality. However, there was paucity of literature on the timely initiation of breastfeeding among women who gave birth by cesarean section (CS) in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of timely initiation of breastfeeding and factors associated with it among women who gave birth by CS in central Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 women who gave birth by CS. Data were collected by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and observation checklist, entered into EpiData 4.6, and exported to statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 26.Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed and statistical significance is declared at p<0.05.

Results

The magnitude of timely initiation of breastfeeding was 47.4% [95% CI: (42.5, 52.6)]. Attending four or more antenatal care visits [(AOR): 2.27, 95%CI: (1.28, 4.02)], counseling during antenatal care [AOR: 4.78, 95% CI: (2.66, 8.60)], early skin to skin contact with newborn [AOR: 2.83, 95% CI: (1.60, 5.02)], post-delivery counseling [AOR: 2.93, 95% CI: (1.56, 5.50)], and getting assistance from health professionals [AOR: 3.07, 95% CI: (1.64, 5.75)] were factors associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding.

Conclusions

The magnitude of timely initiation of breastfeeding in the study area was low. Strengthening counseling by health care practitioners during ANC and post-natal period should be prioritized to support women in initiating early skin-to-skin contact within one hour of birth is mandatory.
Estimation of crossbreeding and genetic parameters for reproductive traits of Boer x Central Highland goats in Ethiopia
Authors: Tesema Zeleke , Deribe Belay , Tilahun Mekonnen , Kefale Alemu , Alebachew Getachew Worku , Alemayehu Kefyalew , Getachew Tesfaye , Kebede Damitie , Taye Mengistie , Gizaw Solomon
Published: September 2023

Additive genetic and non-additive parameters for reproductive traits of Boer x Central Highland goats were estimated. Pedigree and performance records comprised of Central Highland and their crosses with Boer goats were collected from 2009 to 2018 in the Sirinka Agricultural Research Center sheep and goat breeding station. Least-squares means for genotypes were obtained using a general linear model procedure in SAS. To estimate crossbreeding parameters, breed additive, heterotic, and recombination effects were fitted as fixed covariates instead of genotypes. Variance, heritability, and repeatability estimates were estimated through the AI-REML algorithm using WOMBAT software. Genotype did not significantly (P>0.05) influence most of the reproductive traits studied except for gestation length. The additive effect for litter size at birth (LSB), total litter birth weight (LBW), total litter weaning weight (LWW), litter size at weaning (LSW), and gestation length (GL) was estimated to be -0.004 kid, 0.08 kg, -3.18 kg, -0.54 kid, and 3.69 days, respectively. The contribution of heterosis to LSB, LWW, and GL of crossbred goats was negative, while the estimates for LBW and LSW were positive. However, Boer goats’ heterosis effect and direct additive contribution to reproductive traits were insignificant (P>0.05) except for LSW. The recombination effect was negligible and not significant (P>0.05) for all traits examined. The direct heritability estimate for LSB, LWB, LWW, LSW, and GL were 0.050, 0.098, 0.086, 0.018, and 0.00, respectively. The repeatability estimates for LSB, LWB, LWW, LSW, and GL were 0.149, 0.116, 0.099, 0.086, and 0.061, respectively. The result indicates that improvement in reproductive traits would not be expected by crossing Boer with Central Highland goats. In addition, heritability estimates indicate that the improvement of reproductive traits through selection will be small, and the repeatability estimates indicate that multiple records have to be used to make a decision of culling or selection.
Impact of minimum distance constraints on sheet metal waste for plasma cutting
Authors: Francescatto Matheus , Luiz Neuenfeldt Júnior Alvaro , Silva Elsa , Furtado João Carlos , Bromberger Dani
Published: September 2023

We approached the two-dimensional rectangular strip packing problem (2D-SPP), where the main goal is to pack a given number of rectangles without any overlap to minimize the height of the strip. Real-life constraints must be considered when developing 2D-SPP algorithms to deliver solutions that will improve the cutting processes. In the 2D-SPP literature, a gap related to studies approaching constraints in real-life scenarios was identified. Therefore, the impact of real-life constraints found in the plasma cutting process in sheet metal waste was analyzed. A mathematical model from the literature was modified to obtain packing arrangements with plasma cutting constraints. The combination of size and number of rectangles, as well as strip width, was the main factor that affected the packing arrangement, limiting the allocation of rectangles and generating empty spaces. In summary, considering the sheet metal waste context, instances with smaller widths should be avoided in practical operations for high minimum distance constraint values, returning the worst packing arrangements. For low minimum distance constraint values, smaller width instances can be used in practical operations, as the packing arrangement is acceptable. Finally, this article can reduce material waste and enhance the cutting process in the sheet metal industry, by showing packing characteristics which lead to higher amounts of raw material waste.
Feasibility and acceptability of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnancy for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes: A single-centre prospective mixed methods study
Authors: Kusinski Laura C. , Brown Joanne , Hughes Deborah J. , Meek Claire L.
Published: September 2023

Background

Undiagnosed diabetes in pregnancy is associated with stillbirth and perinatal complications, but standard testing for gestational diabetes using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is impractical and exacerbates healthcare inequalities. There is an urgent need to improve the accuracy, acceptability and accessibility of glucose testing in pregnancy. We qualitatively assessed the feasibility and acceptability of two alternative home-based methods of glucose testing in pregnant women, using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), with or without a home-based OGTT.

Methods

We recruited women with a singleton pregnancy at 28 weeks’ gestation with ≥1 risk factor for gestational diabetes attending antenatal glucose testing. A Dexcom G6 CGM device was sited and women were asked to take a 75g OGTT solution (Rapilose) on day 4 after an overnight fast. Qualitative interviews were performed with 20 participants using video conferencing according to a semi-structured interview schedule and thematically analysed using NVIVO software.

Results

92 women were recruited; 73 also underwent a home OGTT. Women had an average of 6.9 days of glucose monitoring and found the CGM painless, easy to use with few or no adverse events. During the qualitative study, the main themes identified were reassurance and convenience. All women interviewed would recommend CGM and a home OGTT for diagnosis of gestational diabetes.

Conclusions

CGM with or without a home OGTT is feasible and acceptable to pregnant women for diagnosis of gestational diabetes and offered advantages of convenience and reassurance. Further work is needed to clarify diagnostic thresholds for gestational diabetes using CGM metrics.
GNSS performance enhancement using measurement estimation in harsh environment
Authors: Bong Jae Hwan , Kim Doyoung , Jeong Seongkyun
Published: September 2023

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) are commonly used to measure the position and time globally. A GNSS is convenient owing to its ability to measure accurate position relatively without using assistive tools for navigation by comparing with other sensors. Based on these benefits, the applicable area is expanding to commercial and social uses (e.g., vehicle navigation, smart grids, and smartphone apps). In the future, various services and technologies (e.g., the use of autonomous vehicles, unmanned delivery, and industrial field robots), which make Internet of Things (IOT) more active, will be used in our society. Conversely, the performance of GNSS can degrade in harsh environments, such as urban areas, owing to the property of GNSS, which calculates position and time via satellite signal reception. However, buildings in a city can block navigation satellite signals and generate multi-path errors. The blocked signals exacerbate the dilution of precision (DOP), which indicates the accuracy of the navigation solution and increases the navigation solution error. This study proposes methods to improve navigation performance by leveraging various techniques (e.g., range differences, receiver clock error hold, and virtual satellites). The methods were validated in harsh environments where visible satellites were reduced. In the simulation, each proposed method improved the navigation performance by creating an environment similar to a normal situation, despite the receiver entering a harsh environment. The results confirmed that the navigation performance deteriorated compared to the normal situation where the number of visible satellites decreased. However, the navigation performance was recovered gradually by applying the proposed techniques. Using the proposed methods, navigation performance can be maintained continuously even in situations where satellite signals are blocked.
Meaning definitions through lexical (macro) functions: Old English quantity, size and rank
Authors: Vea Escarza Raquel
Published: September 2023

The aim of this article is to complete and systematize affixal meaning definitions by examining the Old English derived nominal and adjectival lexicon from a structural-functional framework. The main dictionaries of reference in this language have proven to contribute limited affixal information; besides, one and the same dictionary organizes its affixal entries quite dissimilarly both formally and content-wise. Given this background, the present work offers an insight into the derived lexicon and suggests more accurate definitions based on an approach that explains form and meaning associations in terms of lexical functions and macrofunctions. The data of analysis have been retrieved from the lexical database of Old English Nerthus, which has supplied the inventory of affixes and of affixed nouns and adjectives performing a lexical function belonging to the semantic categories quantity, size or rank, which apply whenever an entity or a property experience an increase or a decrease in quantity, quality or status respectively. Each affix is defined conforming to the different meanings it conveys, the source and target categories involved in the derivation process and the predicates that fit the rule in each case. An approach based on form and meaning associations in the definition of affixal meaning has demonstrated to have major implications not only in the field of lexicology but also of lexicography inasmuch as it permits to revise, complete and enhance dictionary entries and gain systematicity in the manner the information is rendered.
Uncovering Variation in Word Englishes: Finite vs Non-finite Complementation of remember with Prospective Meaning
Authors: Suárez Gómez Cristina , P. Romasanta Raquel
Published: September 2023

Remember is a polysemous verb that can govern finite and non-finite complement clauses (CCs). This paper explores the variability between finite and non-finite CCs that follow remember with the prospective meaning ‘remember to do’ (as in Remember to do your homework), looking at three Asian World Englishes – Indian English, Sri Lankan English and Bangladeshi English – and British English, as represented in the Corpus of Global Web-based English (GloWbE). The prospective use of remember is traditionally classified as allowing to-infinitival CCs as the only complementation option (Cambridge Dictionary Online, “remember”; FrameNet; Oxford Dictionaries Online, “remember”; Huddleston and Pullum et al. 2002, 1242; Mair 2006, 215). However, large databases such as GloWbE reveal the existence of finite CCs with this meaning that depend on remember. The analysis of these CCs in competition, in terms of both distribution and a series of language-internal and external variables, confirms that those which increase complexity (e.g. longer CCs in number of words) favour the choice of finite CCs, in line with the Complexity Principle.
A Diachronic Account of τ–Features and of Their Output as Vocabulary Items: On the Limits to the Vocabulary Item Ø
Authors: Castillo Concha
Published: September 2023

Assuming basic tenets of Distributed Morphology and likewise the minimalist framework of Agree, it is argued that the segmentation into Vocabulary Items (VIs) of the Past forms of verbs in Present Day English is as in e.g. deem-ed rather than deem-ed-Ø. The generalized position in the literature is for the Ø-VI to be subject to the Elsewhere condition, which entails that the proper form is deem-ed, that is the form with non-exponence after -ed. The main purpose of the discussion is to give evidence of the Elsewhere condition, and I propose to do so by taking a diachronic perspective and tracking down the relevant changes affecting verbal morphology in the language. It is argued that there are three types of τ–features in Old English and that the specific τ–feature that has as output the VI´s that are commonly referred to as subject agreement endings, which are those among which the Ø-VI steadily imposes itself from the end of the Old English period, is a τ–feature that combines φ– and τ–interpretation. The feature is labelled here [+/–past]AgrT and its τ–interpretation is identified as [morphological distinctiveness between Present and Past relative to Agreement]. The progressive imposition of the Ø-VI entails that the specific content of the cited [morphological distinctiveness…] varies in time, which variation is given diverse formulations throughout the discussion with the help of the Subset Principle requirements. The ultimate formulation is reached after analyzing the differences and similarities between English and Danish–Swedish being another case in point–as regards morpho-phonological loss and the connection with V-to-T movement. The cited formulation entails that the Ø-VI is not available if it is the only VI realizing a given formal feature (note the Elsewhere condition). A corollary of the account is for Present Day English, or rather from the English language from the eighteenth century onwards, not to rely on one binary feature like [+/–past] but on two privative features, each of a different type .
E. E. Cummings, Poesía experimental. Bilingual Edition by Eva María Gómez Jiménez. Madrid: Cátedra Letras Universales, 2023. 384 pp. ISBN: 978-84-376-4569-8
Authors: Carbajosa Palmero Natalia
Published: September 2023

Book Review: E. E. Cummings, Poesía experimental. Bilingual Edition by Eva María Gómez Jiménez. Madrid: Cátedra Letras Universales, 2023. 384 pp. ISBN: 978-84-376-4569-8.
Pengaruh karakteristik ibu terhadap munculnya pekerja anak di Indonesia tahun 2018
Authors: Nahak Gratiana Imelda , Usman Hardius
Published: September 2023

The issue of child labor remains unresolved in Indonesia, hindering the achievement of one of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is to end child labor in all forms by 2025. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of child laborers aged 10-17 years old and the impact of maternal characteristics on child labor in Indonesia in 2018. The study analyzed data from the 2018 Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (Susenas KOR) survey using binary logistic regression. The results showed that most child laborers had mothers who were heads of households, had low levels of education, were disabled, had severe illnesses, were of productive age, had previously been married, and were recent migrants. It was concluded that maternal position in the household, maternal education level, maternal health status for severe illnesses, maternal age, and migration status significantly affected the prevalence of child labor in Indonesia in 2018. On the other hand, maternal physical condition, health status for mild illnesses, and marital status did not have an impact on child labor in Indonesia in 2018.
Unlocking the Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugates
Authors:   Eisai Co., Ltd, Uenaka, Ph.D Toshimitsu
Published: September 2023

One hundred years ago, Paul Ehrlich*, a German biochemist and Nobel laureate who created the field of chemotherapy, coined the term “magic bullet.” He envisioned that a drug could specifically target a particular pathogen without affecting normal host cells. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are the realization of Ehrlich’s vision for therapies that target tumor cells with precision and specificity.
Floating Test (Rossipal) for Screening Patients with Fat Malabsorption
Authors: Mustadjab I. , Soeparto Pitono , Karyadi Karyadi
Published: September 2023

Floating test for fat malabsorption as outlined by Rossipal et al. has been done in 20 malnourished infants and in 25 infants suffering from minor illnesses who served as control.

Concomitant lipiodol absorption tests were also performed in the malnourished group.

Floating test seemed to be of use as screening test to establish the presence or absence of a definite steatorrhoea, but failed to determine the variations of abnormal fat absorption.

It can be used as an alternate to lipiodol absorption test where lipiodol is not available or difficult to obtain.
Diseases of the Teeth of Children Attending the Outpatient Department in the Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital Medan
Authors: Siregar Zakaria , Siregar Helena , Aldy Dachrul
Published: September 2023

Two surveys were conducted on children attending the Child Outpatient Department in the Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital Medan, to know about the spectrum and prevalence of the diseases of the teeth, and also the comparison of carious teeth formation between breastfed with bottlefed infant and children.

The first survey was done in 1971 - 1973 on 18720 children, where 3000 (1 6.03%) of them had various dental diseases and abnormalities. We found that dental decay is prevailing at the age group of 3-8 years.

The second survey was done in December 1977 on 100 children under five year of age, of whom 54 had caries while 46 of them had caries resembling bottlefeeding caries. No dental caries were found on children who got breastfeeding until the age of 41 months; bottlefeeding in infancy influences carious teeth formation.
Outcome of traumatic brain injury and its associated factors among pediatrics patients treated in Amhara national regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia 2022.
Authors: Getabalew Aytenew , Mekonnen Kennean , Liyew Bikis , Alemayehu Abebaw , Melesegn Belete
Published: September 2023

Background Traumatic brain injury in pediatrics is one of the commonest causes of morbidity, disability and mortality worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries Study showed that death of pediatrics from traumatic brain injury was 7.3%. However, there is limited data towards the outcome of traumatic brain injury and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Objective To assess the outcome of traumatic brain injury and associated factors among pediatrics patients in Amhara National Regional State Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods An institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 pediatrics patients from January 1, 2019 to December 30, 2021, and data extraction period was from May 16 to June15, 2022. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected from patient charts and registry books by using a data extraction tool. Data were entered into the Epi-info version 7 and analysis was done by SPSS Version 25. Both Bi-variable and multi-variable analyses were employed to identify factors associated with outcome of traumatic brain injury. Result From 423 sampled study participant charts 404 of them had complete information with response rate of 95.5% and included in the final analysis. The overall unfavorable outcome of traumatic brain injury at discharge was found that 12.13% (95% CI: 9.1% - 15.7 %). Sever traumatic brain injury (AOR: 5.11(CI :1.8-14.48), moderate traumatic brain injury (AOR:2.44(CI:1.07-5.58), Hyperglycemia (AOR: 3.01 (CI:1.1-8.04), sign of increased intracranial pressure (AOR:7.4(CI:3.5-15.26), and medical comorbidity (AOR: 2.65(CI:1.19-5.91) were predicted of unfavorable outcome of traumatic brain injury pediatrics patient. Conclusion and recommendations twelve present of traumatic brain injury results unfavorable outcome. Sever and moderate form of traumatic brain injury, hyperglycemia, signs of increased intracranial pressure, and medical comorbidity were factors associated with unfavorable outcome of traumatic brain injury in children. Therefore, it is preferable to improve accesses to acute and post-acute care services to lower the unfavorable outcome of traumatic brain injury in children.
Standardization of Golden Sea Cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) Extracts from Pelapis Island, Kayong Regency, West Kalimantan
Authors: Rusmini Rusmini , Taurina Wintari , Andrie Mohamad
Published: September 2023

Stichopus hermanii can be used as a medicinal material, a source of animal protein, and wound healing medicine products. Extracts as raw materials for products must go through a standardization process to ensure pharmaceutical reproducibility, a therapeutic quality, and to ensure a consistent and uniform final composition. The purpose of this research was to determine the test results of the standardization parameters of Stichopus hermanii extract from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan as raw material for wound healing herbal medicinal preparations. Preparation of extracts using the maceration method with 96% ethanol. The extract was standardized with specific parameters, including organoleptic, water and ethanol soluble content, phytochemical screening, and protein content, and non-specific parameters, including drying shrinkage, water content, ash content, and acid insoluble ash content. The test results obtained were a water-soluble content of 61.89%, ethanol-soluble content of 41.81%, protein content of 7.62%, drying shrinkage of 38.81%, water content of 20.58%, ash content of 37.95%, and acid insoluble ash content of 2.07%.
Habituation of Disciplinary Character Traits in Early Childhood: A Case Study from RA Arif Rahman Hakim Yogyakarta
Authors: Nadlifah Nadlifah , Siregar Suaibatun Aslamiyah , Ismaiyah Nurul , Maulidah Winda Syafaatin
Published: September 2023

This research constitutes a descriptive qualitative study aimed at delving deeper into the habituation of discipline traits in children and the efforts undertaken by teachers to shape these discipline character habits within the B1 group of Arif Rahman Hakim Kindergarten, Yogyakarta. Research data was collected through various methods, including participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation from supervising teachers, the school principal, as well as 15 students. Findings indicate the necessity of nurturing early childhood growth, emphasizing the pivotal role of habitualizing discipline at RA Arif Rahman Hakim. Key indicators of children's discipline encompassed time management, rule adherence, behavior, and religious practices. Educators effectively used modelling and habituation methods, with collaboration among teachers, parents, and the school environment being instrumental in promoting positive behaviors. The study underscores the significance of schools and teachers in shaping disciplinary character traits, relying on a blend of firm guidance, democratic discipline approaches, and steadfast value system reinforcement. These insights present a roadmap for other institutions and educators aiming to enhance character education quality. Further studies are suggested to delve deeper into the intricate processes and factors influencing the development of children's disciplinary traits.
Impact of Digital Media on Social-Emotional Development in Early Childhood: A Case Study at TK Kartika XX-46 Kendari
Authors: Budiarti Erna , Yasmin Adar Sitti
Published: September 2023

This qualitative study explores digital media's impact on children's social-emotional development at TK Kartika XX-46 Kendari, particularly emphasizing its educational utility and influence on educators' motivation and teaching efficacy. Employing a multi-phase approach involving planning, implementation, and assessment, the research reveals that digital media positively affects children’s social-emotional growth, as evident through heightened enthusiasm and positive behaviors like empathy. The study also discovered an enhancement in educators' motivation and diversification in teaching methods. Initial limitations, such as low digital literacy among teachers and insufficient infrastructure, have been progressively mitigated through concerted efforts involving multiple stakeholders. In a broader context, these findings offer valuable implications for educational practices and public policy by laying the groundwork for future research to refine pedagogical strategies. The study's limitations include its restricted scope, which is confined to one educational institution. Future studies should investigate varied educational settings and examine the complex effects of different digital platforms on children's social-emotional development.
Social dialogue at the national and European levels as a factor in the formation of a common labor and social policy
Authors: Getman Anatolii , Yaroshenko Oleg , Sereda Olena , Maliuha Lesya , Zhygalkin Ivan
Published: September 2023

An important object of state policy is the regulation of social relations, i.e. a system of sufficiently stable and independent ties between individuals and social groups that are essential for the existence and functioning of society. The constitutional consolidation of Ukraine’s status as a social state implies the need to pursue an active policy to ensure the rights of all members of society to a decent living, social protection, participation in production management, maintaining a stable socio-economic situation, and mitigating social inequality. Therefore, the state’s social dialogue is a means of establishing a social compromise in society and a factor in the formation of a unified labor and social policy. The methodological basis of the study is several general scientific and special methods of cognition, the choice of which is determined by the peculiarities of its object, subject, purpose, and objectives. The purpose of the article is to clarify the theoretical, legal, and legislative characteristics of the concept of social dialogue from the perspective of their compliance with the current trends in the development of labor and legal doctrine, and to study the issues of social dialogue at the national and European levels as a factor in the formation of a common labor and social policy.
The production of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus parasiticus in peanuts and walnuts under the influence of controlled temperature and water activity
Authors: Bukhari Syeda Hira , Asghar Muhammad Asif , Ahmed Farman , Jabeen Suraiya
Published: September 2023

The current study was designed to predict the response of Aspergillus parasiticus and AFB1 production as a function of temperature (25, 30, 35, 40 °C), water activity (a
w = 0.57, 0.90, 0.94, 0.96) and growth medium in peanuts and walnuts. The fungal growth, counted as infected nut kernels and AFB1 content was determined using HPLC. About 100 % kernels of peanut and walnut were infected with A. parasiticus at 30 °C with 0.96a
w. The maximum toxin was quantified at optimal 25 °C × 0.96a
w (4780 μg/kg) in walnuts and 30 °C × 0.96a
w (9100 μg/kg) in peanuts. Whereas, the temperatures (<20 °C or >40 °C) and a
w (<0.90) doesn’t provide a sufficient environment for the growth of these entities. Additionally, the sample growth medium was found another major factor that affects toxin production, along with environmental conditions. The regression model and two-way ANOVA indicate that temperature, a
w and commodity are the significant predictors (p < 0.05) for fungal growth and AFB1 production.
Tóth Józsefre emlékezünk. Előszó a Modern Geográfia tematikus számához
Authors:   Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Pécs, Pirisi Gábor , Tésits Róbert ,   Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Pécs
Published: September 2023

February 7, 2023 marked the 10th anniversary of the death of Professor József Tóth. Our journal would like to contribute to a worthy commemoration. Perhaps it is not surprising that the following articles recalling the past appear in the thematic issue of Modern Geográfia. This is partly due to the fact that the professor was the founder of our journal. In terms of their scope and genre, the following articles are not research articles in the classical sense of the term, but rather short studies, or more precisely essays, which are based primarily on personal memories and experiences in addition to secondary analyses of academic literature. All of our authors invited to the commemoration were students, friends, and colleagues of József Tóth, so they gladly agreed to pay tribute to the professor’s memory with a piece of writing each. The articles point out, among other things, József Tóth’s role in 20th-century Hungarian geography, the results of his rectorship, the residential and territorial characteristics of his famous students, and the impact of his versatile research on the development of geography in Pécs.
The Structure of Hippocampal CA1 Interactions Optimizes Spatial Coding across Experience
Authors: Nardin Michele , Csicsvari Jozsef , Tkačik Gašper , Savin Cristina
Published: September 2023

Although much is known about how single neurons in the hippocampus represent an animal's position, how circuit interactions contribute to spatial coding is less well understood. Using a novel statistical estimator and theoretical modeling, both developed in the framework of maximum entropy models, we reveal highly structured CA1 cell-cell interactions in male rats during open field exploration. The statistics of these interactions depend on whether the animal is in a familiar or novel environment. In both conditions the circuit interactions optimize the encoding of spatial information, but for regimes that differ in the informativeness of their spatial inputs. This structure facilitates linear decodability, making the information easy to read out by downstream circuits. Overall, our findings suggest that the efficient coding hypothesis is not only applicable to individual neuron properties in the sensory periphery, but also to neural interactions in the central brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLocal circuit interactions play a key role in neural computation and are dynamically shaped by experience. However, measuring and assessing their effects during behavior remains a challenge. Here, we combine techniques from statistical physics and machine learning to develop new tools for determining the effects of local network interactions on neural population activity. This approach reveals highly structured local interactions between hippocampal neurons, which make the neural code more precise and easier to read out by downstream circuits, across different levels of experience. More generally, the novel combination of theory and data analysis in the framework of maximum entropy models enables traditional neural coding questions to be asked in naturalistic settings.
Adipose tissue fibrosis: the unwanted houseguest invited by obesity
Authors: Gliniak Christy M , Pedersen Line , Scherer Philipp E
Published: September 2023

The prevalence of obesity is increasing exponentially across the globe. The lack of effective treatment options for long-term weight loss has magnified the enormity of this problem. Studies continue to demonstrate that adipose tissue holds a biological memory, one of the most important determinant of long-term weight maintenance. This phenomenon is consistent with the metabolically dynamic role of adipose tissue: it adapts and expands to store for excess energy and serves as an endocrine organ capable of synthesizing a number of biologically active molecules that regulate metabolic homeostasis. An important component of the plasticity of adipose tissue is the extracellular matrix, essential for structural support, mechanical stability, cell signaling and function. Chronic obesity upends a delicate balance of extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation, and the ECM accumulates in such a way that prevents the plasticity and function of the diverse cell types in adipose tissue. A series of maladaptive responses among the cells in adipose tissue leads to inflammation and fibrosis, major mechanisms that explain the link between obesity and insulin resistance, risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Adipose tissue fibrosis persists after weight loss and further enhances adipose tissue dysfunction if weight is regained. Here, we highlight the current knowledge of the cellular events governing adipose tissue ECM remodeling during the development of obesity. Our goal is to delineate the relationship more clearly between adipose tissue ECM and metabolic disease, an important step toward better defining the pathophysiology of dysfunctional adipose tissue.
La convivencia entre los estudiantes universitarios: su atención desde el proyecto educativo de la carrera
Authors: Mederos Piñeiro Milagros
Published: September 2023

El artículo es el resultado de una experiencia de la carrera de Licenciatura en Educación Primaria. Se aplicó una estrategia pedagógica con el objetivo de potenciar las relaciones de convivencia entre los estudiantes desde el proyecto educativo de grupo, año y carrera, donde se pone de manifiesto el aprendizaje de actitudes pro-sociales y de convivencia afectuosa, con la inclusión de todos. Las acciones articulan el sistema de influencias educativas con actividades curriculares y extracurriculares, se cohesiona los proyectos de vida de los estudiantes y el aprendizaje de normas de convivencia en un todo armónico y coherente para la labor educativa. Se utilizaron métodos de investigación: teóricos y empíricos para la caracterización del estado inicial y la valoración de los resultados. La estrategia pedagógica contribuyó a formar normas de convivencia, mejorar la calidad de las relaciones, tener en cuenta el criterio del otro, el respeto entre los estudiantes, la atención a la diversidad, la elevación de la cultura y la formación profesional.Palabras claves: Convivencia, Proyectos de vida, Estrategia, Integración.The article is the result of an experience of Bachelor in Elementary Education. A pedagogical strategy was applied with the aim of promoting harmonious relations among students from the educational group project, year and race, where shows learning pro -social attitudes and loving coexistence, with the inclusion of all. Shares articulate the system of educational influences curricular and extracurricular activities, projects student life and learning standards of living in a harmonious and coherent educational work represents everything. For theoretical and empirical characterization of the initial state and the evaluation of results: research methods were used. The teaching strategy helped form standards of living, improve the quality of relationships, taking into account the criteria in the other, respect among students, attention to diversity, the elevation of culture and training.Keywords: Coexistence, Life projects, Strategy, Integration.
La relación de las encuestas de evaluación docente con el rendimiento académico: La evidencia empírica en la Universidad del Pacífico
Authors: La Serna Studzinski Karlos , Becerra Marsano Ana María , Beltrán Barco Arlette , Zhang Hongrui
Published: September 2023

La presente investigación analiza los argumentos a favor y en contra de evaluar el desempeño de los docentes universitarios mediante encuestas aplicadas a sus estudiantes. Este análisis se centrará en las propuestas teóricas, así como en los hallazgos empíricos de diversas instituciones de educación superior. Luego, se detalla la experiencia de la Universidad del Pacífico (Perú) en dicha materia. Para ello, se acude a los resultados de estudios, tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos, realizados en la mencionada universidad. Las investigaciones cuantitativas analizan la relación entre el rendimiento académico y los puntajes de las encuestas de evaluación docente; mientras que los estudios cualitativos exploran las prácticas y características de los profesores que más valoran los estudiantes. A partir de los hallazgos de los mencionados estudios, es cuestionada la evaluación del desempeño docente únicamente mediante encuestas. Además, se sugiere complementar dichos instrumentos con herramientas cualitativas, como la observación de clases y los grupos focales con estudiantes.Palabras Clave: Aprendizaje, Rendimiento académico, Educación Superior, Encuestas de evaluación docente, Grupos focales, Desempeño docente.This research analyzes the arguments in favor of evaluating the performance of university teachers through student surveys. The analysis will focus on the theoretical proposals and empirical findings in various universities. Then, the experience of Universidad del Pacífico (Peru) in this matter is exposed. The quantitative research examines the relationship between academic performance and teachers' evaluation scores; while qualitative studies explore students' most valued teachers' practices. Based on this analysis, teacher evaluation surveys are questioned. It is suggested to supplement the evaluation with qualitative information such as the ones obtained from classroom observation and focus groups with students.Keywords: Learning, Academic performance, Higher Education, Teacher evaluation surveys, Focus groups, Teachers performance.
Optimization of microwave pyrolysis of castor oil to sebacic acid
Authors: Yu Yang , Shen Guo-Liang , Xu Tie-Jun , Wang Yong-Jie , Wen Rui-Yang
Published: September 2023

Castor oil is a widely used biomass energy source. In this paper, the process conditions for the preparation of sebacic acid by cracking castor oil using the microwave method were investigated using environmentally friendly and recyclable liquid paraffin (petrolatum) as a solvent. The optimum conditions for the reaction were determined in the experiments as follows: the mass ratio of solvent: castor oil: sodium hydroxide was 4:1:2.5 and the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution was 50% (w/t). The average microwave power was 210 W, the temperature was about 280 °C, the cracking time was 25 min under nitrogen protection, and the yield of sebacic acid was measured to be 85%. The solvents can be recycled and the recovered solvent can be used again without affecting the yield of sebacic acid. The solvent recovery was more than 92%.
СПОТВОРЕНІ МОДЕЛІ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ЯК ПРИСТОСУВАННЯ ДО ВИКРИВЛЕНОГО ІНСТИТУЦІЙНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА
Authors: КЕРІМОВ Павло
Published: September 2023

Досліджено вплив інституційного розвитку на економічні явища всередині країни, зокрема на стратегії виходу підприємств на ринок та їх функціонування. Встановлено, що в міру розвитку інституційного середовища фокус їх діяльності зміщується зі спроб використати викривлення інституційного середовища на свою користь (оптимізація оподаткування й отримання монопольних прибутків) на більш конкурентну поведінку (технічні й маркетингові інновації).
Розглянуто зомбі-підприємства як приклад стратегії функціонування підприємств, що базується на використанні викривлень інституційного середовища на свою користь (високий рівень концентрації і олігополізації економіки разом з державною політикою сприяння кредитуванню). Показано негативний вплив, який справляє висока концентрація зомбі-підприємств на економіку країни, розглянуто існуючі підходи до їх визначення і орієнтовно нормальну поширеність.
Досліджено український різновид зомбі-підприємств – підприємства з квазіризиковою і шахрайською моделями фінансування. Охарактеризовано викривлення інституційного середовища України, наявність яких зробила можливим функціонування підприємств з квазіризиковою і шахрайською моделями фінансування. Зокрема, це непередбачуваність і дороговизна судових процесів, що робить ініціацію процедури банкрутства з позиції малого кредитора майже неможливою; значний розрив у захисті прав великих і малих суб’єктів господарювання; успадкований спільний виробничий цикл значної кількості промислових підприємств та їх неспроможність вийти за його межі в пошуках як ринків збуту, так і контрагентів.
Наведено характеристики підприємств з квазіризиковою і шахрайською моделями фінансування (стабільно від’ємний власний капітал при збереженні дохідної операційної діяльності, наявність кредиторської заборгованості, простроченої на 60 і більше днів). Окреслено орієнтовний рівень поширеності цих моделей фінансування, яка характеризується зростанням агрегованої галузевої частки непокритих зобов’язань.
De chacales, endemoniadas y “locas”. Representaciones de anormales/criminales a través del diario Clarín, Chile (1954-1973)
Authors: Leon Marco Antonio
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: estudiar las representaciones textuales y visuales producidas por el diario chileno Clarín (1954-1973) respecto de hombres, mujeres y homosexuales, catalogados de anormales y definidos y caracterizados de acuerdo con una supuesta peligrosidad hereditaria, la primacía del instinto antes que de la razón en sus conductas y una sexualidad percibida como perversa y contraria al orden social y moral. Metodología: a través de un análisis de contenidos y un estudio de casos que formaron parte de la crónica policial o crónica roja del matutino durante el período en estudio, se examina la fabricación y naturalización de estereotipos y prejuicios mediante el uso de estrategias periodísticas como la reiteración, la saturación y la orquestación de textos e imágenes. Originalidad: se aborda un contexto muy poco explorado desde la perspectiva de los estudios sobre las diferencias conductuales y sexuales y del papel de la prensa en la fabricación de etiquetas sociales, prejuicios y violencias contra personas y grupos. Conclusiones: el diario examinado no fue solo un suministrador de informaciones, sino también un protagonista del período, con su particular manera de acercarse a la comprensión y construcción de la realidad, justificando valores y prácticas moralistas y hegemónicas, a pesar de su perfil popular, desafiante y antioligárquico. Sus construcciones de sentido aún mantienen cierta vigencia en la actualidad y muestran tanto la historicidad como la contingencia del tema.
Zonas olvidadas como potencial de reinserción urbana en Erechim-rs
Authors: Portilho Bueno Ayrton , Sobis Alves Luciana
Published: September 2023

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar las potencialidades de los vacíos urbanos públicos en dos barrios, mediante la identificación de elementos que puedan servir de base para fomentar su reinserción socioespacial. Para ello, el objeto de estudio es la ciudad de Erechim, ubicada en la región norte del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los vacíos urbanos se caracterizan por ser espacios con desconexión socioespacial de la estructura urbana consolidada. Esto se debe, principalmente, a que estos lugares son el resultado del constante proceso de deconstrucción y reconstrucción de la ciudad. Sin embargo, en determinadas situaciones reciben una apropiación social de la población y se utilizan para prácticas sociales, especialmente para el ocio. Esta perspectiva destaca la socialización, a través del uso del espacio urbano en áreas que no se consideran espacios planificados a priori. Los resultados de la investigación apuntan a la relevancia de atender las demandas de los grupos locales para la reinserción de estos espacios al sistema de espacios abiertos, un contexto que en el futuro se puede formar una red que impregne todo el tejido urbano de Erechim.