bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gamma-Ray and Radio Background Constraints on Cosmic Rays in Milky Way Circumgalactic Medium
Authors: Jana Ranita , Roy Manami , Nath Biman B.
Published: October 2020

We study the interaction of cosmic rays (CRs) with the diffuse circumgalactic gas of the Milky Way (MW) galaxy that results in hadronic γ-ray emission and radio synchrotron emission. We aim to constrain the CR population in our circumgalactic medium (CGM) with the help of the observed isotropic γ-ray background (IGRB), its anisotropy, and radio continuum. We modify different models of CGM gas in hydrostatic equilibrium discussed in the literature by including a cosmic-ray population, parameterized by η ≡ P
CR/P
th. For the simplest isothermal model, while the IGRB intensity allows η ≲ 3, the anisotropy resulting from the solar system’s off-center position in MW rules out all values of η. For the precipitation model, in which the cooling of the CGM gas is regulated with an optimum ratio of cooling time to freefall time, while the observed IGRB intensity allows η ≲ 230, the observed anisotropy allows only very large values of η, of order ≳100. The radio continuum limits η ≲ 400 for the precipitation model and does not constrain the isothermal model; however, these constraints are mitigated by synchrotron loss time being comparable to CR diffusion timescales. These bounds are relevant for current numerical simulations that indicate a significant CR population in CGM of galaxies of MW mass.
Analysis of the Internal Environment of the Pharmaceutical Distributor Operation in Russia Using SWOT Analysis
Authors: Krylova O. , Litvinova T. , Babaskina L. , Babaskin D. , Savinova O.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: The general directions of the organization’s development should be clearly formulated, i.e., a business strategy should be developed in order to achieve the long-term competitive advantages in the operation of a pharmaceutical distributor with its own pharmacy warehouse in Russia.
AIM: Identification of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the operation of a pharmaceutical distributor with its own pharmacy warehouse.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SWOT analysis was used to analyze the environment, which enabled a joint study of the external and internal environment. During the study, content analysis of secondary sources of information was used (data from the Federal State Statistics Service, DSM Group marketing agency), as well as sociological analysis.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: During the SWOT analysis, ten factors were identified that ensured the normal functioning of the pharmaceutical distributor, as well as 11 negative factors were identified that negatively affected the operation of the pharmacy warehouse. The article presents qualitative description of the strengths and weaknesses. Ten factors were attributed to the favorable opportunities for the organization’s activities; seven positions were considered as threats to the activities of the distributor. It should be noted that all factors of external environment are in a state of strong mutual influence. A change in one of the factors necessarily leads to a change in other factors. Therefore, their study and analysis should not be carried out separately, but systematically, with tracking not only the actual changes in one factor but also the process how these changes will affect other factors. After identifying strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, a table was compiled and all intersections were analyzed, i.e., all possible pairwise combinations that would help determining the future strategy. At present, the strategic goal of a number of wholesale companies in the pharmaceutical market is defined as increasing return on investment.
CONCLUSION: In this article, SWOT analysis has been used to provide some suggestions on overcoming weaknesses and threats in the activities of a pharmaceutical distributor, as well as on proper use of strengths and opportunities. During the study, pharmaceutical industry practitioners discussed the impact of various economic factors, strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats regarding the activities of pharmaceutical distributor, as well as related problems and prospects for the future.
Biotechnological Medicines in the Russian Pharmaceutical Market: New Pharmacopeia Requirements and the Status of Restrictive Lists
Authors: Bekhorashvili Nana , Zakharochkina Elena Revovna , Rayisyan Maria Grigorievna , Garankina Rimma Yuiryevna
Published: October 2020

The study is aimed at identifying the key aspects of the national pharmacopeial regulation of the circulation of biotechnological medicines in the Russian pharmaceutical market and at studying the range of major groups based on the analysis of restrictive lists. The systematic analysis of the new national State Pharmacopeia has resulted in the identification of the newly-introduced general pharmacopeia monographs on biotechnological medicines and their groups, establishing the monographs on specific items, and the generalization of the basic conditions for ensuring quality in production. The content analysis of the restrictive lists has made it possible to determine the vital and most important items by the main groups of biotechnological medicines.
Cross-sectional Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Male and Female Medical Students in Qassim University – College of Medicine Saudi Arabia
Authors: ALNohair Sultan , Nahla Babiker  , Dalal Al-Ahmari  , Dalal Al-Mutairi  , Khozama Al-Matroudi  , Zakiyah Al-Mutairi  , Rawan Al-Ahmdi  , Layan Al-Mufadhi  , Alhanouf Al-Wahiby  , Turki Alharbi
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality around the world. At present, almost half of the non-communicable diseases are CVDs. According to the literature review, CVD disease and the associated risk factors are high among Saudi adults. It has not been studied to determine at which age the majority of adults acquire the risk factors. We hypothesized and planned to assess CVD risk factors among medical students.
AIM: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of CVD risk factors among male and female medical students in Qassim University.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study surveyed 188 males and female medical students in Qassim University. They were selected by random sampling technique. The data were collected by using a questionnaire included (age, gender, height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, random blood glucose, smoking habits, physical activity, and stress scale). After the data collection, it was entered and analyzed by SPSS.
RESULTS: About 9.6% of male students were smokers, while there is no history of smoking among female students. About 18.2% of males were found obese, while obesity was lower among females (4.2%). The random blood glucose for males and females was within normal limits, but the measured blood pressure showed a higher percentage of elevated blood pressure among males (47.8%) in comparison to females (25.4%). Perceived stress scale exhibited that females were getting a greater percentage of high stress (34.3%), while in males, it was 14.4%.
CONCLUSION: Many risk factors were greater among males, including elevated blood pressure 47.8%, obesity 18.2%, and smoking 9.6%. On the other hand, these risk factors were lower in females, but they have a higher stress scale 34.3% in comparison to males.
Anthocyanin Derived from Purple Sweet Potato Water Extracts Ameliorated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Mechanical Allodynia, and Cold Allodynia among Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats
Authors: Widyadharma I Putu Eka , Purwata Thomas Eko , Suprapta Dewa Ngurah , Sudewi A. A. Raka
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Nerve injury leads to multiple events, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and glial cells activation, which all bring about the neuropathic pain condition. Any alternative novel treatment modalities from natural products are thus highly anticipated, given the account that current treatments for neuropathic pain have not generated any satisfactory efficacy.
AIM: This study aims to address the pleiotropic effects of water extracts from the purple sweet potato (PSP) (Ipomoea batatas L.) as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive agent to alleviate neuropathic pain behavior.
METHODS: This is a randomized post-test control group design using chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat models. Thirty-two Wistar rats (34 survived until the end of study period) fulfilling the eligible criteria were randomized into either treatment or control group. Treatment group received water extracts of PSP containing 400 mg/kg of body weight/d of anthocyanin for 28 days. Antioxidant activity was evaluated from malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated from prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Neuropathic pain was assessed from the animal’s behavioral responses toward mechanical and cold allodynia.
RESULTS: The results showed that mean MDA levels of treatment group were significantly lower than control group (0.291 ± 0.046 μmol vs. 0.394 ± 0.057 μmol; p < 0.001). Furthermore, treatment group’s PGE2 levels were also significantly lower than control’s (0.342 ± 0.096 ng/mL vs. 0.431 ± 0.061 ng/mL; p = 0.004). In addition, neuropathic pain behavior comprising mechanical and cold allodynia were significantly milder among treatment group than in the control group during the observation period (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: PSP water extracts had been shown to ameliorate oxidative stress, as well as exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and was able to suppress neuropathic pain behavior in Wistar rats with peripheral nerve injury.
Protein Energy Wasting in a Sample of Egyptian Children on Regular Hemodialysis: Relation to Anorexigenic Hormones
Authors: Said Ragia M. , El Wakeel Maged A. , El-Kassas Ghada M. , Mostafa Hend H. , Kamhawy Alyaa H. , Galal Essam M. , Nassar Maysa S. , El-Zayat Salwa Refat , Fadl Nevein N.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Increased incidence of pediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with associated serious consequences indicating a major public health problem. Malnutrition and uremic wasting are leading causes of growth impairment and increasing morbidity and mortality of pediatric ESRD patients, predominantly those on regular hemodialysis (HD). Ghrelin and obestatin, which are known appetite regulatory hormones, might have a pivotal role in uremic wasting and growth impairment in hemodialyzed children.
AIM: The aim of the present study was to measure serum unacylated ghrelin (UAG) and obestatin and to investigate their roles in the growth impairment of Egyptian hemodialyzed children.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 50 hemodialyzed and 40 healthy children recruited from the Department of Nephrology, Pediatric Hospital, Ain Shams University. Full clinical examination and measurement of anthropometric indices were done. Routine labs were done as well, with an assessment of serum levels of obestatin, UAG, and insulin by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, we determined fasting serum glucose and lipid profile with the calculation of homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
RESULTS: Anthropometric measurements were statistically significantly decreased in the hemodialyzed group than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Weight z-score was the most affected anthropometric parameter (37 patients = 74% with underweight and 13 patients = 26% with normal weight). The hemodialyzed children showed a significant increase of UAG, obestatin, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, and TG, while a significant decrease of HDL-cholesterol and albumin (p < 0.01). UAG had a negative correlation with Wt-z score, Ht z-score, fat mass %, albumin, and TG while obestatin was inversely correlated to Wt-z score, BMI z-score, waist circumference, and waist-height ratio (W/H).
CONCLUSION: UAG and obestatin hormones were elevated in a group of Egyptian children on regular HD. These hormones were strongly related to the impairment of renal functions, and anthropometric parameters, dyslipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, and insulin resistance in these pediatric hemodialyzed patients.
Impact Evaluation of Healthy City Implementation in Makassar City
Authors: Fitry Inayyah Nur , Palutturi Sukri , Thaha Ridwan M. , Syam Aminuddin
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Healthy city is one of the health development strategies in Indonesia that has been started since 2007. Implementation of healthy city in Makassar has entered its 12th year.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the implementation of healthy cities based on aspects of the level of involvement.
METOHDS: This research method uses a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach where research departs from phenomena found in the field and then is developed in depth. Informants in this study were 13 people. Data collection techniques are in-depth interviews and documentation.
RESULTS: The results showed that the involvement of women in the implementation of healthy cities in Makassar was shown from the large number of female workers who were directly involved in various programs launched by the city government related to healthy cities. In addition, many women play an important role by being the head of a healthy subdistrict program in nine subdistricts in the city of Makassar. Whereas the political commitment indicator shows the results that the Makassar city government’s political commitment to the implementation of the healthy city is seen from the achievement of the Makassar city government which has succeeded in getting the highest award in the healthy city, Swasti Saba Wistara 4 times since 2007. After interviews and document review, the evaluation of the impact of the implementation of healthy cities based on women’s involvement and political commitment of the government shows quite good and significant results since the implementation of healthy cities.
CONCLUSION: However, coordination at the government level is expected to be further improved, because there is still frequent miss communication between several Satuan Kerja Pemerintah Daerah in the implementation of tasks to achieve healthy city indicators.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Gastrocentrum Gorham (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Tillinae), with the description of five new species
Authors: Yang Ganyan , Yang Xingke , Shi Hongliang
Published: October 2020

The genusGastrocentrumGorham, 1876 is revised to include nine species. Five new species are described in this genus:G. magnumsp. nov.(NE India),G. regularesp. nov.(Cameron Highlands, Malaysia),G. xiaodongisp. nov.(Gyirong, Xizang, China),G. zayuensesp. nov.(Zayü, Xizang, China), andG. gaoligongensesp. nov.(Fugong, Yunnan, China).Gastrocentrum nitidumSchenkling, 1916 is transferred to the genusTillusas a new combination. All the species in this genus are described (exceptG. brevicolle), and a key is provided for their identification. Illustrations of male genitalia, female reproductive organs, and other important structures are provided. An interspecific phylogeny-estimate ofGastrocentrumis presented based on morphological data, with two main clades recognized: a clade containingG. unicolorandG. laterimaculatum, and a clade containing the remaining six species (the latter a polytomy consisting ofG. magnumsp. nov.,G. dux, andG. regularesp. nov., and a well-supported sub-clade representing the remaining species). Additionally, the taxonomic and phylogenetic importance of female reproductive organs is discussed.
Le renforcement des forces armées togolaises (FAT). Conséquence de la déflation du dispositif militaire français en Afrique (1964-1965)
Authors: Cherbonnier Pauline
Published: October 2020

Afin de moderniser son armée, le Gouvernement français décide de remanier son dispositif militaire outre-mer. Cette décision remet en question la capacité française de respecter l’accord de défense conclu avec le Togo mais engendre également de profondes transformations de la vie politique togolaise. On assiste au Togo dans les années 1964-1965 à un fort rapprochement du pouvoir politique avec le pouvoir militaire.
« S’entendre et s’écouter ». Les femmes speakerines dans les émissions françaises de la BBC, 1940-1941
Authors: Lévy Clémence
Published: October 2020

L’entre-deux-guerres et le second conflit mondial sont moteurs du développement de la radio acquérant une place essentielle au niveau social et gouvernemental. Celle-ci permet une influence et une maîtrise des esprits, une diffusion de l’information, mais surtout le maintien du lien entre territoires dont les relations diplomatiques et humaines sont coupées. L’Appel du 18 juin 1940 est l’initiateur d’une maîtrise britannique des ondes radiophoniques par le biais de la BBC, avec la mise en place d’émissions de radio féminines en français. Il permet d’endiguer les premiers moteurs d’émancipation féminine durant le conflit, dans une dynamique speakerines -médias, où la place des femmes est centrale dans les sujets abordés et dans la diffusion médiatique de ces émissions.
Les objets de l’exil russe à Paris, 1920-1990. Étude d’un itinéraire entre appartements, antiquaires et maisons de ventes
Authors: Bousquet Fanny
Published: October 2020

Dans les années 1920, de nombreux émigrés, fuyant la guerre civile en Russie, s’installent en France, notamment à Paris. Dans leur exil, ils emportent quelques objets et souvenirs rangés au fond des valises. La circulation de ces objets lors de l’installation des émigrés crée une nouvelle cartographie de l’émigration russe. Cet article vise à analyser les circulations multiples des objets afin d’étudier les symboles et les imaginaires qu’ils véhiculent.
Pillards, occupants ou gardiens de la paix ? L’occupation du nord de l’Indochine par les armées chinoises d’août 1945 à septembre 1946
Authors: Breau Aurélien
Published: October 2020

L’occupation du nord de l’Indochine par l’armée chinoise est une période trouble et controversée. Les décisions des officiers chinois en charge de cette mission, critiquées par leurs contemporains français puis par les historiens de la Guerre froide, doivent être analysées selon les circonstances difficiles dans lesquelles elles ont été prises. Ce travail nous permet de mieux comprendre la diplomatie chinoise en Indochine dans l’après-guerre et le rôle historique de la Chine dans cette région.
De la Phalange à la résistance antifranquiste : la théâtralisation de la figure de Dionisio Ridruejo chez Ignacio Amestoy
Authors: Dutoya Claire
Published: October 2020

Dionisio Ridruejo, una pasión española, pièce de théâtre écrite en 1982 par Ignacio Amestoy, théâtralise la figure historique et politique de Dionisio Ridruejo grâce au dédoublement identitaire du personnage du Colonel Arenas. Ce processus dramatique permet de faire affleurer de façon tragique la nécessité de la résistance au franquisme chez le Colonel Arenas. Entre derniers regains de violence phalangiste et sursauts critiques, le Colonel Arenas reconnaît en Ridruejo son double. L’étude du mécanisme du dédoublement permet de mettre en lumière l’importance du cheminement qui mène à la résistance, véritable itinéraire tragique et chemin de croix idéologique. Le recours au théâtre documentaire donne au discours du héros une place prépondérante et permet de condenser l’itinéraire idéologique de Ridruejo. Au-delà de la théâtralisation de la figure de Ridruejo, Amestoy représente la tragédie collective de la Guerre civile et du franquisme en questionnant l’attribution d’étiquettes idéologiques immuables pour caractériser les parcours vitaux individuels et collectifs durant cette période. Dionisio Ridruejo, una pasión española n’a été représentée qu’en 2014, soit plus de trente ans après son écriture : le récent montage de la pièce au Centre Dramatique National (Madrid) pourrait être interprété comme un engagement artistique de l’auteur et du metteur en scène afin de constituer le point de départ d’une réflexion sur l’Histoire récente de l’Espagne.
Octavio Paz et Cornelius Castoriadis : résister à la corruption du langage
Authors: Leylavergne Laurent
Published: October 2020

Mon propos est consacré à la question de la résistance à la corruption du langage au XXe siècle à travers les œuvres et les parcours du poète Octavio Paz et du philosophe Cornelius Castoriadis, liés par une estime réciproque et des préoccupations communes, dissidents inclassables contre les langues totalitaires ou la marchandisation des mots et des idées. Cela me conduit à une réflexion conjointe sur la nature du langage et la création poétique.
Marginália, résister aux limites de l’art dans le Brésil des années 60-70
Authors: Lespes Muñoz Elena
Published: October 2020

Au Brésil, le coup d’État du 31 mars 1964, mené par le maréchal Castelo Branco, marque l’avènement de la dictature militaire (1964-1985). Dans le contexte de censure et de répression qui s’en suit, les artistes sont amenés à élaborer des stratégies de contournement, tant dans les pratiques artistiques en elles-mêmes que dans les circuits et les espaces où elles s’expriment. En privilégiant des formes dites « performatives » et en contournant la matérialité de l’art, ces artistes mettent en cause le système de l’art (son objet, comme ses espaces). En étant là où on ne l’attend pas et dans des formes qui lui étaient jusqu’alors étrangères, l’art brésilien de cette période est un art en résistance, car il se joue des limites de sa propre définition et des espaces de libertés restreintes qui lui sont octroyés. Cet article vise à présenter les enjeux de ces déplacements, aussi bien physiques qu’épistémologiques, au travers du travail de certains artistes de cette période (Cildo Meireles, Artur Barrio, Antônio Manuel, etc.)
Cántico espiritual de Jean de la Croix et de Blas de Otero. Étude comparative
Authors: Bereghici Violeta
Published: October 2020

Cette étude comparative de deux recueils ayant le même titre – Cántico espiritual –, écrits à un intervalle de quatre siècles par deux poètes majeurs de la poésie espagnole – Jean de la Croix et Blas de Otero –, a pour objectif de montrer que le signifiant, par sa résistance et par sa prégnance, par son autonomie et par sa liberté, est apte à s’ériger en automatisme associatif poétique comme source inépuisable de significations nouvelles.
Executing Collaborative Brainstorming Idea Organization Through Distributed and Parallel Sorting
Authors: Helquist Joel H. , Diller Christopher B. R. , Kruse John
Published: October 2020

This chapter examines the post-convergence process of organizing ideas that are generated during collaborative idea generation activities. The method presented reduces the impact of organizing brainstorming ideas on individual participants by dividing the organization activity into smaller, discrete tasks that can be completed individually, and in parallel, by the participants. The entire pool of brainstorming ideas is subdivided into smaller pools and each participant is then tasked with organizing one of the subsets of ideas. The results show that by dividing up the overall activity into subtasks, the subjects experienced a more favorable environment. Furthermore, the subjects were able to work through their subset of ideas and produce results that were similar to those performing the full sort of the entire pool.
Human-AI Collaboration
Authors: Siemon Dominik , Strohmann Timo
Published: October 2020

Continuous increase in computing power and more available data contribute to AI maturing, enabling an efficient and powerful human-AI collaboration. As a result, the nature of work will change, and more and more AI will be involved in joint work. In this study, the authors introduce the so-called Virtual Collaborator (VC), an equal partner in digital collaboration, and report the results of a conducted online study. Based on the results of our study and current research, the concept of a VC was constructed, which consists of potential roles, tasks, level of autonomy, and behavior. This construct can be used as a guideline to design and implement a VC in collaboration scenarios.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Digital Banking
Authors: Bhasin Narinder Kumar , Rajesh Anupama
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 outbreak has drastically changed the life of every person and has infected people in 185 countries. Since no vaccine has been developed for this disease so far, lockdown, work from home, and social distancing and only a few essential services were allowed to open. Lockdown and restricted movement of people was the only solution to control this crisis. These steps taken by all the countries have stopped all the commercial activities which left all businesses, banks, and financial institutions to count losses and cost. The big question which has emerged that whether e-collaboration between banks and technology continues to be the key to success for finding solutions to the problems in this new environment which COVID-19 has created. This chapter examines the way the digital banking collaboration between banks and Fintech can resolve the problems provided by the COVID-19 pandemic and control the impending economic fallout in India and across the world.
Las imágenes y sus interpretaciones en los textos escolares españoles
Authors: Badanelli Ana
Published: October 2020

Los historiadores de la educación están prestando cada vez más atención al interior de las instituciones educativas. Pues bien, una de las fuentes históricas más importantes de que disponemos para abordar esa tarea es la constituida por el conjunto de los libros utilizados en las instituciones educativas, un dispositivo escolar textual e icónico. A este interés suscitado entre la comunidad de historiadores se une una tendencia que incluye, en los trabajos historiográficos las imágenes como fuente de estudio. Es en este marco donde se inserta este trabajo que tiene como objetivo plantear una metodología de análisis que tenga en cuenta los modos de interrelación entre la expresión y las formas de representación y el contenido en los textos escolares editados en España desde mediados del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI para transmitir contenidos, valores, ideologías y creencias
Dossiê 1: Questões metodológicas em manualística
Authors: Cigales Marcelo Pinheiro , Badanelli Rubio Ana Maria
Published: October 2020

Os manuais escolares ou livros de textos se constituem como uma fonte relevante para a investigação histórico-educativa desde que a historiografia da educação pôs seu foco na cultura escolar, processo que recorre, sobretudo, as últimas três décadas. O livro escolar, desde então, tem sido considerado um dispositivo fundamental para a transmissão de saberes e para a organização das práticas escolares. Tendo isso por base, este dossiê pretende refletir sobre algumas questões metodológicas ao redor da manualística, um campo de pesquisa que tem produzido ao redor de si um corpus extenso de pesquisas de caráter histórico e didático, nem sempre atento às preocupações metodológicas. Assim, a partir dos trabalhos apresentados neste dossiê, buscamos divulgar as pesquisas ao redor da análise dos manuais escolares e livros de texto, possibilitando o diálogo com novas perspectivas metodológicas sobre essas fontes documentais. Propõe-se, igualmente, lançar um olhar sobre como as metodologias próprias das ciências sociais podem auxiliar na análise e nos questionamentos sobre os processos históricos-educativos que têm os manuais escolares objetos e fontes de pesquisa privilegiados
Em tempos de "fermentação nascente"
Authors: Conceição Lívia Beatriz da
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo investigaremos os projetos do personagem François Guizot para o tema da instrução pública primária como ministro da instrução pública francesa. Analisaremos nesse fim a lei de 28 de junho de 1833 - primeira grande lei exclusivamente relacionada ao ensino primário francês - e a promulgação de uma série de medidas legislativasvisando assegurar a aplicação desta que ficaria conhecida como lei Guizot. Nossa tese principal será a de que a constituição da nova legislação fazia parte de um projeto políticode construção do Estado monárquico centralizador e instrutor francês. Estado este que, no ato mesmo de se forjar, percebia o espaço escolar primário enquanto estratégico no objetivo de colocar em prática as ideias forjadas por François Guizot para o gouvernement des esprits.
Cultura ilustrada e educação conservadora
Authors: De Paula Dalvit Greiner , Faria Filho Luciano Mendes de
Published: October 2020

Partindo da Carta aos Senhores Eleitores da Província de Minas Gerais de 1828, de Bernardo Vasconcelos, apresentamos nossa compreensão sobre o pensamento ilustrado no Brasil, da Inconfidência Mineira (1789) ao Primeiro Reinado (1822-1840), e suas implicações com a educação. Nessa fonte documental, analisada sob o referencial teórico da história dos conceitos e de seus usos, de Reinhart Koselleck, percebemos as influências do iluminismo europeu no repertório de nossa elite política. Consideramos, parcialmente, que o projeto inconfidente manteve sua continuidade no discurso e nas ações de Vasconcelos demonstrando que a escola pensada no Império também significou uma centralização conservadora.
Photopolymerization of OCDMA Dimetacrylate Initiated by 3,5-Di-tert-Butyl-o- Quinone and its Bis-O-Benzoquinone
Authors: Zhiganshina Elnara , Arsenyev Maxim , Konev Alexey , Chechet Yuri , Chesnokov Sergey
Published: October 2020

The reactivity of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone and its bis-o-benzoquinone derivative in photoreduction reaction and polymerization of dimethacrylate (OCDMA) (in bulk and in the presence of 1-butanol) with using of them as photoinitiators under visible light irradiation under argon atmosphere or air were investigated. It was found that the kinetic parameters of the bis-o-quinone photoreactions have low sensitive to the presence of molecular oxygen. The high stability of the spectral characteristics of resulting polymers based on bis-o-quinones compositions for the long time was established.
Numerical Model of the Mass Transfer Transition States in the Vacuum Infusion Process of the Polymer Matrix and the Reinforcing Filler Structure
Authors: Ershov Sergey , Kalinin Eugene , Kuznetsov Victor , Koksharov Sergey A. , Baranov Alexandr
Published: October 2020

The authors proposed to use a cell model of the mass transfer process during the composite material formation as applied to the phenomenon of infusion of a viscous binder matrix and a porous structure of the reinforcing filler under the influence of hydraulic vacuum. The model describes the process of filling the capillary-porous reinforcing structure and is the initial stage of creating a numerical model that provides forecasting of the given parameters of the composite material, the technological process, and the operating mode of the equipment.
High Performance Aromatic Polyethersulfones
Authors: Sultigova Zakhirat , Inarkieva Zareta , Bazheva Rima , Kharaev Arsen , Yalkhoroeva Madina
Published: October 2020

The modified aromatic polyethersulfones are synthesized. It is shown that the property of the obtained polymers depends on the ratio of the starting monomers. The presence in the initial monomer of two chlorine atoms in combination with an unsaturated bond provides the polyethersulfones based on it with high fire resistance and good physical and chemical properties, including frost resistance.
Modification of the Recipe of Industrial PVC Plastic for Increasing its Fire Resistance
Authors: Borukaev Timur A. , Uzhakhova Leila Ya. , Sultigova Zakhirat
Published: October 2020

A directed modification of the formulation of industrial PVC plastic brands I40-13A was carried out using zinc borate, antimony oxide and chalk. It was found that the introduction of these additives into the compound can significantly increase the values of the oxygen index and the coke residue of the initial PVC plastic. It was found that a modification of the formulation of industrial PVC plastic leads not only to an increase in fire resistance, but also to a noticeable improvement in the basic physical and mechanical properties of the compound. It is shown that with a slight modification in the formulation of industrial PVC plastic compound it is possible to obtain materials that meet fire safety requirements
Charge Propagation along the Polymer Fiber of Polyhydroxybutyrate: Is it Possible to Apply the Cable Model?
Authors: Gradov Oleg V. , Gradova Margaret A. , Olkhov Anatoly A. , Iordanskiy Alexey L.
Published: October 2020

This article considers experimental data on the surface charge propagation along the dielectric polymer fibers. Nonwoven polymer materials based on polyhydroxybutyrate obtained by electrospinning technique were used as an example of dielectric fibers in our experiments. Polymer fiber charging was investigated under the electron beam in a vacuum chamber of the scanning electron microscope. The fiber electric response registration was performed in a TV mode and in dynamic conditions using oscilloscopic sectioning visualization. Digitized images were processed using specialized software by Sobel-Feldman operator (Sobel filter), visualizing isopotential lines of the electron beam-induced emission. The results obtained were analyzed in the framework of the Roll’s cable model, which has been extrapolated from the electrical signal transduction along the nerve fibers to the charge propagation along the dielectric polymer fibers.
Optimization of Structure of Soft Block for Design of Adaptive Polyurethanes
Authors: Gorbunova Marina A. , Anokhin Denis V. , Lesnichaya Valentina A. , Grishchuk Alexander A. , Badamshina Elmira R.
Published: October 2020

A synthesis of new di-and triblock polyurethane thermoplastic copolymers containing different mass ratio of two crystallizing blocks - poly (1,4-butylene glycol) adipate and poly-ε-caprolactone diols was developed. Using combination of danamometric analysis, IR-spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction, the effect of the soft block composition and crystallization conditions on crystal structure and thermal behavior of the obtained polymers have been studied. For the triblock copolymers we have shown a possibility of control the kinetics of material hardening and final mechanical characteristics due to the mutual influence of polydiols during crystallization. In the result, the second crystallizing component allows to control amount, structure and quality of crystalline domains in polyurethanes by variation of crystallization conditions.
Phase Transitions in Polyester-Polyether Copolymers
Authors: Kharaev Arsen , Bazheva Rima , Sultigova Zakhirat , Inarkieva Zareta , Kongapshev Asker
Published: October 2020

Using differential scanning calorimetry, phase transitions in polycarbonate-polytetramethylene oxide block copolymers were studied. It is shown that, depending on the ratio of rigid polycarbonate and flexible polytetramethylene oxide units, block copolymers can be two-phase or four-phase. It is shown that phase transitions in copolymers of a polyester-polyether depend on the ability to crystallize the components.
Composite Reinforcement as a Way to Increase the Durability of Building Structures
Authors: Rumyantseva Varvara E. , Konovalova Viktoriya S.
Published: October 2020

The study of liquid corrosion of cement concrete was carried out, the results of which allow to determine the mass transfer parameters in the studied system and calculate the service life of the concrete product in environments of varying degrees of aggressiveness. Dates of the beginning of electrochemical corrosion of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete and the achievement of the limit state of steel reinforcement in the conditions of liquid corrosion of reinforced concrete in a chloride-containing medium were mathematically calculated and experimentally established. Investigations of the corrosion resistance of fiberglass reinforcement in various environments have been carried out. The possibility of replacing steel reinforcement with fiberglass when reinforcing concrete products is considered.
Thermal Properties of Poly(3-(2′-Ethyl)Hexylthiophene): Study with a Real-Time Combination of Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering and Ultrafast Chip Calorimetry
Authors: Melnikov Alexey P. , Rosenthal Martin , Erdmann Tim , Kiriy Anton , Ivanov Dimitri A.
Published: October 2020

Here we report on reorganization on heating of a perspective organic semiconductor poly(3-(2′-ethyl)hexylthiophene) (P3EHT). P3EHT is an analogue of a well-known poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), which has comparable optoelectronic properties and the advantage of a lower processing temperature. The processes of structural reorganization during heating of P3EHT have been explored with a combination of synchrotron X-ray scattering and ultrafast chip calorimetry. The signature of reorganization has been identified from an increase of d-spacing of 100 peak of the P3EHT unit cell. It was observed that reorganization operates during heating of P3EHT at conventional rates of a DSC experiment (i.e., at 10 deg/min), whereas it is largely suppressed at a heating rate of 100 deg/s. Despite the absence of reorganization at high heating rates the calorimetric curves exhibit pronounced double melting, which corroborates the model of the negative pressure building up during crystallization of semi-rigid chain polymers.
The Modeling of Interfacial Contacts in Composites Using the Sitting Drop - Solid Body System as an Example
Authors: Ignatiev Аleksey A. , Gotovtsev Valeriy M. , Gerasimov Denis V. , Razgovorov Pavel
Published: October 2020

The paper presents an analysis of positions, which a theory of a liquid wetting a solid surface is based on, using the sitting drop equilibrium as an example. Certain inconsistencies are indicated in these positions, which is the subject of the discussion. The paper explains why the interfacial tension of solid-gas has no effect on the equilibrium of a drop. It proposes a mechanism to form a liquid-solid interface layer, the tensor of interfacial tensions of which is represented as a pressure tensor. It is established that the surface tension of the interface layer is variable and changes in magnitude and direction depending on the wetting conditions. It is determined that it is not possible to present a range of phenomena accompanying the wetting of a solid surface with a liquid by examining the equilibrium of a three-phase contact line.
Bio-Based Anti-Corrosion Polymer Coating for Fuel Cells Bipolar Plates
Authors: Faddeev Nikita , Klushin Victor , Smirnova Nina V.
Published: October 2020

A highly corrosion resistant and conductive polymer coating for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells bipolar plates have been successfully prepared from renewable plant biomass sources. The coating is based on the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural synthesis by-product resin that consists of complex furanic oligomers and polymers. The corrosion resistance and conductivity of coated titanium plates have been studied. As-prepared coated Ti samples are shown 0.083 μA/cm2 and 0.32 μA/cm2 corrosion current in the simulated PEMFCs cathode and anode environment respectively. In addition, the polymer coating are reduced the interfacial contact resistance of bare titanium up to 40 %. The Ti plates coated with by-products of 5-HMF synthesis are shown a great potential application as bipolar plates for PEMFCs.
3D-Printing Methods for Crystalline Polyetheretherketone
Authors: Shakhmurzova Kamila T. , Kurdanova Zhanna I. , Baykaziev Artur E. , Zhansitov Azamat A. , Khashirova Svetlana Yu.
Published: October 2020

The article is a literature review on 3D-printing of crystalline polyether ether ketone by the methods of layer-by-layer deposition of molten polymer filament (FDM) and selective laser sintering (SLS). The influence of printing technological modes and material properties (fluidity, morphology, etc.) on the quality of the products is considered.
Influence of Concentration of Carbon and Glass Fibers, Melt Viscosity, and Number of Extrusions on the Porosity of Composites Based on Polyphenylene Sulphone, Polyethyrimide and Polyphenylene Sulfide
Authors: Musov Ismel V. , Slonov Azamat L. , Zhansitov Azamat A. , Khakulova Diana M. , Khashirova Svetlana
Published: October 2020

A comparative analysis of the effect on the porosity of composite filaments based on polyphenylene sulfone, polyetherimide and polyphenylene sulfide with discrete fibrous fillers, such factors as the filler concentration, melt viscosity and number of extrusion passes, was carried out. It is shown that with increasing filler content and decreasing melt viscosity, the porosity of composite filaments enhances. Upon repeated extrusion carbon-filled composites, a decrease in porosity is observed, however for glass-filled samples an increase in porosity is occurred. A comparative analysis showed that the filament samples based on polyetherimide have a higher porosity. The most resistant to pore formation are polyphenylene sulfone-based samples.
Study of the Effect of Organoclay on the Structure of Cable PVC Compound
Authors: Vindizheva Amina , Musov Ismel V. , Khashirova Svetlana Yu.
Published: October 2020

The effect of the organoclay content in polyvinyl chloride plasticate on the features of the supramolecular structure and properties of the layered silicate nanocomposite was studied. X-ray diffraction studies showed that with an increase in the number of layered silicate nanofiller, the nanocomposite structure goes from intercalated to exfoliate. Using a combination of scanning and atomic force electron microscopy methods, it has been shown that when organomodified montmorillonite is introduced into polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, montmorillonite nanoparticles act as crystallization nuclei and along with the preservation of “old” supramolecular structures in the melt, “new” supramolecular formations appear. When studying the dependence of tensile strength of nanocomposite polyvinyl chloride on the content of nanofiller, it was found that the maximum strength of the nanocomposite is achieved at a 5-7 % organoclay concentration.
The Influence of Phases Division Surface in Nanocomposites Polymer/2D-Nanofiller on their Reinforcement Degree - The Percolation Model
Authors: Dolbin Igor V. , Magomedov Gusein M. , Kozlov Georgii V.
Published: October 2020

The simple percolation model, in which critical indices are defined by the form of a reinforcing component of nanostructured composite structure, was proposed for the description of reinforcement degree for nanostructured composites polymer/2D-nanofiller. The indicated critical indices are close by absolute values to standard percolation indices. The form of reinforcing component controls the type of nanostructured composite. It has been shown that reinforcement degree of these nanomaterials is independent on modulus of elasticity of nanofiller, but is defined by its structure (aggregation level), created in polymer matrix. The percolation indices of a percolation model, which are due to the form of reinforcing component and nanocomposite type, are defined by its main characteristic – the fraction of phases division surface in overall sample volume and are the basic factor, controlling reinforcement degree of nanostructured composites.
Features of Obtaining Carbon Plastics Based on Superstructural Polymer Materials
Authors: Khakulova Diana M. , Shakhmurzova Kamila T. , Khashirova Svetlana
Published: October 2020

The features of obtaining carbon plastics and specific solutions to problems associated with the compatibility of an inorganic filler and a polymer matrix, the formation of adhesive contact of carbon fillers due to the formation of chemical bonds, mechanical adhesions, local stresses and defects at the phase boundary are considered. Successful solutions are presented that provide high adhesive strength between the filler and the polymer matrix.
Glass-Filled Composite Materials Based on Polyarylene Ether Sulfones
Authors: Rzhevskaya Elena V. , Slonov Azamat L. , Dolbin Igor V. , Davydova Vladlena V. , Khashirova Svetlana
Published: October 2020

This article provides a literature overview of glass-filled polyarylene sulfones. The main properties of polyarylene ether sulfones and applications are given. The industrially produced brands of glass-filled composites and their properties are shown. A problem of low interfacial interaction between polymer and fiberglass and the ways to increase was considered. Also the results of development of glass-filled composites based on polyphenylene sulfone for using in additive technologies, in particular 3D-printing by FDM method are shown.
Influence of Separator Thickness on the Performance of Electric Double Layer Supercapacitors in Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Silva D.V. , Galdino G.S. , Barbosa Lusinete Pereira , Casini J.C.S. , Faria R.N.
Published: October 2020

The effects of the separator thickness (δ) upon the equivalent series resistances (ESR) and specific capacitances (Cs) of supercapacitors electrodes have been investigated using commercially available porous filter paper (δ=150 μm, pores size=7.5 μm, 80 gm-2). Commercial activated carbon electrodes immersed in 1molL-1 KOH electrolyte (25°C) have been employed in this study. The specific capacitances were calculated from cyclic voltammetry curves at room temperature employing various scan rates (5, 10, 15 and 30 mVs-1). Internal series resistances of the supercapacitors were measured using the galvanostatic charge discharge curves also at room temperature. A maximum of 28 separators (δ=4200 μm) have been employed in this investigation. It has been shown that the ESR increases substantially with separator thickness (from 3.1 to 7.9 Ωcm2). The specific capacitance decreased somewhat with increasing separator thickness and scan rates (from 64 to 52 Fg-1; at 5 mVs-1). The microstructures of the electrode material have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical microanalyses employing energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). A compositional and morphological evaluation of these electrodes showed a very homogeneous microstructure.
Study of Supercapacitors for Use in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: da Silva Paula Maria , Serna Marilene Morelli , Galego Eguiberto , Faria R.N.
Published: October 2020

The storage of energy generated by photovoltaic system is one problem of it. In this aspect, integrated energy conversion and storage systems, IECSS, using supercapacitors are presented as a solution. Dye sensitized solar cell becomes a main candidate for use in IECSS due its variety of applications. Recent studies shown that zinc oxide (ZnO) is a natural candidate for use in solar cells and supercapacitor due to its high energy density of the order 650 A g-1. The aims of this paper were: i) the study of the influence of the morfology of nanostructured ZnO nanoparticles obtained by the hydrothermal method using distincts complexing agents: etylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); hexamethyltetramine (HMT) and diaminometanal (urea), besides commercial ZnO; ii) study of the ZnO and activated carbon at ratio X:Y of 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 in proportion of mass (%) in the preparation of electrodes. The commercial ZnO, which presents particles with spherical and porous morphology, presented the best capacitance result 8.38 Fg-1 at 10:90 ratio, that demonstrates the ZnO is an excellent candidate for material for supercapacitor coupled with dye solar cell.