bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forever and Again
Authors: Turchin Alexey
Published: May 2022

This article explores theoretical conditions necessary for “quantum immortality” (QI) as well as its possible practical implications. It is demonstrated that QI is a particular case of “multiverse immortality” (MI), which is based on two main assumptions: the very large size of the universe (not necessarily because of quantum effects); and a copy-friendly theory of personal identity. It is shown that a popular objection about lowering of the world-share (measure) of an observer in the case of QI does not succeed, as the world-share decline could be compensated by merging timelines for the simpler minds, and because some types of personal preferences are not dependent on such changes. Despite large uncertainty about the truth of MI, it has appreciable practical consequences for some important outcomes like suicide and aging. The article demonstrates that MI could be used to significantly increase the expected subjective probability of success of risky life extension technologies, such as cryonics, but that it makes euthanasia impractical because of the risk of eternal suffering. Euthanasia should be replaced with cryothanasia, i.e. cryopreservation after voluntary death. Another possible application of MI is as a last chance to survive a global catastrophe. MI could be considered a Plan D for reaching immortality, where Plan A consists of survival until the development of beneficial Artificial Intelligence capable of fighting aging, Plan B employs cryonics, and Plan C is digital immortality.
Machines and Non-Identity Problems
Authors: Biondi Zachary
Published: May 2022

A number of thinkers have been wondering about the moral obligations humans have, or will have, to intelligent technologies. An underlying assumption is that “moral machines” are decades in the offing, and thus we have no pressing obligations now. But, in the context of technology, we are yet to consider that we might owe moral consideration to something that is not a member of the moral community but eventually will be as an outcome of human action. Do we have current actual obligations to technologies that do not currently exist? If there are obligations to currently non-existing technologies, we must confront what might be called the Non-Identical Machines Problem. Can we harm or benefit an entity by making it one way rather than another? This paper presents the problem and argues that it is more challenging than the standard Non-Identity Problem.
Induction Ain’t What It Used to Be
Authors: Walker Mark , Ćirković Milan
Published: May 2022

We argue that, in all probability, the universe will become less predictable. This assertion means that induction, which some scientists conceive of as a tool for predicting the future, will become less useful. Our argument claims that the universe will increasingly come under intentional control, and objects that are under intentional control are typically less predictable than those that are not. We contrast this form of skepticism about induction, "Skeptical-Dogmatism," with David Hume's Pyrrhonian skepticism about induction.
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Respect Post-Persons
Authors: Terrill Ethan
Published: May 2022

Advocates of the Respect Model of moral status have expressed skepticism about the possibility that radically enhanced persons will have a higher threshold of moral status over non-radically enhanced persons. While several philosophers have already argued that advocates of the Respect Model of moral status should recognize such a possibility in a world with radically enhanced persons, I make room for a stronger claim: advocates of the Respect Model of moral status should not only recognize the possibility of higher thresholds of moral status, but in fact are committed to the normative view that radically enhanced persons should have a higher threshold of moral status over non-radically enhanced persons. This stronger claim induces both rational and self-interested worries about the sacrificeability of non-radically enhanced persons, which takes the form of the inequality of immunity problem. While this problem need not rationally worry the advocate of the Respect Model of moral status, I provide some exploratory solutions that can be implemented now to assuage future self-interested fears so that advocates of the Respect Model may learn to respect the dignity of radically enhanced persons.
Deskilling of Teaching and the Case for Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Authors: Hughes James
Published: May 2022

This essay describes trends in the organization of work that have laid the groundwork for the adoption of interactive AI-driven instruction tools, and the technological innovations that will make intelligent tutoring systems truly competitive with human teachers. Since the origin of occupational specialization, the collection and transmission of knowledge have been tied to individual careers and job roles, specifically doctors, teachers, clergy, and lawyers, the paradigmatic knowledge professionals. But these roles have also been tied to texts and organizations that can disseminate knowledge independently from professionals. Professionals and organizations turn knowledge into texts and tools that enable lay people to access knowledge without the intermediation of professionals or organizations. In the 21st century, one emerging tool for transmitting knowledge is the intelligent tutoring system. This paper examines how technological, epistemic, and economic trends in education are supporting the routinization, proletarianization, and automation of the occupation of teaching, leading to the increasing substitution of intelligent tutoring systems for human instruction.

Some trends, such as standardized curricula and testing, both restrict teachers’ professional autonomy and facilitate the creation of pedagogical tools. Other trends reduce teachers’ ability to resist automation. The growth of adjunct teaching and paraprofessional roles in higher education allows organizations to take over and rationalize parts of the traditional teacher role. Faculty evaluations and learning outcomes assessment weaken professional claims to be the sole arbiters of instructional quality and student learning. The widespread use of intelligent tutoring systems also depends on the sophistication of software capable of performing the social-emotional and cognitive roles that educators perform. Eventually, pedagogical software will be able to interactively individualize curricula to the needs and interests of every learner, more cheaply, quickly, and accurately than any human teacher. Assessment of learning will be continuous, and certification of learning will be for specific skills instead of broad area competencies. Intelligent tutoring systems will help transition education from its medieval and industrial-era model to more accessible and flexible continuing education for employment and life enrichment.
Autoallelopathic and Allelopathic Influence of Aqueous Winter-Cereal Extracts
Authors: de Carvalho Messias , Halecki Wiktor , Możdżeń Katarzyna , Synowiec Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed to assess the allelopathic potential of four cereals: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.), spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) through a completely randomized (CR) design. The allelopathic effects of water extracts of different parts of the cereal plants (stem, leaf, and spike) at different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0%) were evaluated on the seed germination and seedling growth. The germination rate, length, and dry weight of the shoot and root of the seedlings were measured. Ferulic acid was detected in all the cereals. The water extracts at 2.0% and 4.0% concentration had an allelopathic effect on the germination rate, shoot and root length of seedlings of spelt wheat, barley, and triticale, and the stem and leaf extracts affected the root and shoot length of winter wheat. The allelopathic effect of the dried powder of the cereals were evaluated in pot experiments. Both spelt wheat and triticale powder treatment at elevated CO2 levels increased the dry weight of the root, as well as the length of the shoot and root of winter wheat. Furthermore, treatment with 4.0 g of dry cereal powder combined with an elevated level of CO2 increased the shoot length, whereas the root length of winter wheat was unaffected. In summary, the combination of dry cereal powder with elevated CO2 stimulates the initial growth of winter wheat.
Methodological Solutions in Studies on Transgender. Exploring the Terrain
Authors: Ratkowska-Pasikowska Justyna , Okólska Katarzyna
Published: May 2022

The article provides an overview of the solutions used in the methodology of research on transgender. This was done based on a compilation of major foreign research on transgender and an analysis of the content of the EBSCO website. As a result, some changes have been observed over time. They concerned the scope of the amount of research related to the issue of transgender over time, preferences of data collection methods, research patterns and technologically advanced solutions. Possible factors determining the result of the review were discussed. The authors indicated the significance of the developing methodological tendencies in studies on transgenderism during several decades on education and, as a result, on general social awareness.
Who needs critical thinking and why?
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: May 2022

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Superabsorbent Polymers for Internally Cured Concrete
Authors: Adams Caitlin J. , Bose Baishakhi , Mann Ethan , A. Erk Kendra , Behnood Ali , Castillo Alberto , Rodriguez Fabian B. , Wang Yu , Olek Jan
Published: May 2022

Two commercial superabsorbent polymer (SAP) formulations were used to internally cure cement pastes, mortars, and concretes with a range of water-to-cement ratios (w/c 0.35–0.52). The following properties were determined as a function of cement chemistry and type, use of chemical admixtures, use of slag, and batching parameters: SAP absorption capacity, fresh mixture workability and consistency, degree of hydration, volumetric stability, cracking tendency, compressive and flexural strength, and pumpability. SAP internal curing agents resulted in cementitious mixtures with improved hydration, accelerated strength gain, greater volumetric stability, and improved cracking resistance while maintaining sufficient workability to be pumped and placed without sacrificing compressive or flexural strength. When using SAP, batching adjustments prioritized the use of water reducing admixture instead of extra water to tune workability. While the benefits of SAP internal curing agents for low w/c mixtures were expected, SAP-containing mixtures with w/c ≥ 0.42 displayed accelerated strength development and decreased cracking tendency.
On the Fusion of Multiple Audio Representations for Music Genre Classification
Authors: Silva Diego Furtado , Silva Micael Valterlânio da , Szram Filho Ricardo , Silva Angelo Cesar Mendes da
Published: May 2022

Music classification is one of the most studied tasks in music information retrieval. Notably, one of the targets with high interest in this task is the music genre. In this scenario, the use of deep neural networks has led to the current state-of-the-art results. Research endeavors in this knowledge domain focus on a single feature to represent the audio in the input for the classification model. Due to this task’s nature, researchers usually rely on time-frequency-based features, especially those designed to make timbre more explicit. However, the audio processing literature presents many strategies to build representations that reveal diverse characteristics of music, such as key and tempo, which may contribute with relevant information for the classification of genres. We showed an exploratory study on different neural network model fusion techniques for music genre classification with multiple features as input. Our results demonstrate that Multi-Feature Fusion Networks consistently improve the classification accuracy for suitable choices of input representations.
Real-time Qualification of Percussive Sounds Based on Correspondences Between Schaeffer’s Solfège and Low-level Audio Descriptors
Authors: Freire Sérgio , Padovani José Henrique , Campos Caio
Published: May 2022

Pierre Schaeffers typomorphology (1966) proposes seven criteria of musical perception for the qualification of sound objects, which form the basis of his musical theory. This Solfège fits well into contexts where pitch is not the dominant dimension. Relying on similarities between the practice of reduced listening and the utilization of low-level audio descriptors, we present the first version of a real-time setup in which these descriptors are applied to qualify percussive sounds. The paper describes the tools and strategies used for addressing different criteria: envelope followers with different window sizes and filtering; detection of transients and amplitude modulations; extraction and counting of spectral components; estimation of intrinsic dissonance and spectral distribution; among others. The extracted data is subjected to simple statistical analysis, producing scalar values associated with each segmented object. Finally, we present a variety of examples.
Electric guitar distortion effects unit using a Raspberry Pi
Authors: Pereira Renato Santos , Andreão Rodrigo Varejão
Published: May 2022

With the advance of electronics, techniques and algorithms for digital signal processing, digital equipment has been gaining more and more space in the music scene. Micro-processed tools now generate several effects such as modulation, echo, and distortion of sounds generated by musical instruments, previously obtained only by analog units. In this context, this study aimed to develop aprototype of distortion effects unit using a Raspberry Pi (a low-cost small single-board computer) and affordable electronic components. Therefore, five nonlinear functionswere used, four of which are present in the literature andone of them was originally developed by the authors. These functions model the behavior of an active element (suchas transistors, valves, and operational amplifiers), which when they exceed their amplification thresholds produce distortions in the audio signals. Throughout this article, all the steps in the development of the analog circuits for signal acquisition and output will be presented, as well as the simulation and implementation of the functions in the microcontroller. At the end, with the finished prototype, the frequency response analysis is performed and the sound results achieved by the algorithms is compared with each other and with other distortion units.
CatalogToMakers: a collaborative cataloging platform for electronic components and physical computing projects related to musical creativity
Authors: Bastos Michael L. , Calegario Filipe C. A. , Cabral Giordano R. E.
Published: May 2022

The Maker Movement is a growing reality in the new industry and academic community. It consists of the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) style-spreading proposal, emphasizing the creation and development of creative thinking. In this context, the democratization of the Internet has meant that non-expert users are capable of developing new hardware technologies. In the music context, the easy access to low-cost equipment and the large number of people sharing knowledge facilitate prototyping and extend the creation of digital musical instruments. However, the places where the information related to the components used in these projects are not centralized nor organized. Therefore, it makes access to this information difficult, slowing down and hindering the flow of creative development. Thus, to reduce this development time and facilitate access to this information, this paper describes the processes for designing the CatalogToMakers tool, a collaborative cataloging platform for electronic components, and physical computing projects focusing on musical creativity. This approach implements several essential functions to facilitate the conception process of hardware development. Finally, an evaluation focused on non-expert users showed promising results.
Acalma-te: resultados de composição automática e iterativa para relaxamento
Authors: Gomes Cláudio
Published: May 2022

A música é uma forma de expressão invisível, não palpável e ainda maleável tornando-se difícil a tarefa de descrevê-la, rotulá-la ou construí-la. A base de qualquer música é composta por o ritmo, melodia e harmonia. Este trabalho apresenta uma composição intitulada de Acalma-te, resultado do projeto experimental de geração de músicas para relaxamento. O compositor informa, tonalidades, bpm, quantidade e tipo de estrofes e quantidade de faixas. Pode-se acompanhar o resultado em tempo real permitindo interatividade para mudanças de tonalidades, bpm e qualquer outra simbologia necessária para o compositor. Ao final, é gerado um arquivo MIDI de cada faixa como de todas as faixas podendo adicioná-las em qualquer programa de edição sonora.
CEGeME 2021 - Gestos, Movimentos, Performance musical e Pandemia
Authors: Loureiro Maurício Alves , Silva Alexandre , Neto Aluizio Barbosa de Oliveira , Mota Davi Alves , Barros Felippe Brandão , Schiavoni Flávio Luiz , Oliveira Gustavo Machado , Silva Luis Fernando Umbelino da , Domingues Ravi Shankar Viana , Lisboa Renato Rodrigues , Magalhães Tairone Nunes , Campolina Thiago de Almeida Magalhães , Cruz Tiago Lima Bicalho
Published: May 2022

O CEGeME - Centro de Pesquisa em Gesto e Expressão Musical é filiado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), sediado na Escola de Música de Belo Horizonte, Brasil, desde 2008 é dedicado à pesquisa empírica da performance musical, que partem de informação de conteúdo musical extraída de sinais de áudio e da posição espacial tridimensional dos músicos, registradas durante uma performance musical. Com o objetivo de estabelecer uma abordagem musicológica a diferentes aspectos da expressividade musical, investigamos relações causais entre a intenção expressiva dos músicos e a forma como manipulam o material acústico e como se movem durante a execução de uma peça musical. O grupo atraiu postulantes de estudos de diversas áreas de conhecimento e músicos profissionais instigados por questões específicas envolvidas na expressividade musical, tais como, estudos sobre o uso da segunda válvula do trombone baixo moderno para obter um melhor legato, os parâmetros acústicos do filtro-fonte no trompete, as emoções faciais presentes na performance de cantores líricos, os parâmetros acústicos e psicoacústicos associados a diferentes preparações de palheta do oboé, a modelagem espectral do ataque de notas na clarineta, análise do timbre musical baseada em aprendizado de máquina, estudos de parâmetros acústicos e cinemáticos associados à execução da transição de notas em legato na clarineta, análise da articulação na performance de uma peça para clarineta de Debussy, aplicações sonológicas na educação musical, influência da consistência na interpretação na coesão da performance da música de câmara e o desenvolvimento de software na plataforma python criado para dar suporte às demandas da pesquisa conduzida no CEGeME.
Towards a Latin American NIME Research Community
Authors: Avila Juan Pablo Martinez , Tragtenberg João , Calegario Filipe , Ramos Juan , Lerner Martin Matus , Corintha Isabela , Jaimovich Javier , Dannemann Teodoro , Cadavid Patricia , Alarcón Ximena , Marquez-Borbon Adnan , Solis Hugo , Ortiz Miguel
Published: May 2022

In this workshop, we propose the first steps towards consolidating a Latin American (LATAM) New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME) Research Community. We aim to start a discussion and generate ideas around shortterm actionable initiatives that a LATAM NIME Research Community could explore in the near future. We will discuss various topics centered around three main areas: (1) The creation of a LATAM NIME network, (2) Exploring LATAM NIME perspectives, and (3) the Next Steps for LATAM NIME. After this activity, we will have a plenary discussion where we will share ideas for action and reflections. Lastly, we list a series of expected outcomes of the workshop, although we acknowledge that many others may emerge during the workshop. We look forward to taking the first steps towards a LATAM NIME Community and the future of this community within and beyond NIME, opening to other communities in LATAM, and stirring policy changes to support the development of our local communities.
Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Management of Chronic Pain: Current Perspectives
Authors: Edinoff Amber N. , Kaufman Sarah , Alpaugh E. Saunders , Lawson Jesse , Apgar Tucker L. , Imani Farnad , Khademi Seyed-Hossein , Cornett Elyse M. , Kaye Alan D.
Published: May 2022

: Over the last several decades, opioid diversion, misuse, and over-prescription have run rampant in the United States. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been FDA approved for treatment for a primary indication of neuropathic limb pain that is resistant to more conservative medical therapy. The disorders qualified for treatment include neuropathic, post-surgical, post-amputation, osteodegenerative, and pain related to vascular disease. Some of the most frequently cited conditions for treatment of SCS include failed back surgery syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) Type I and Type II, and post-herpetic neuralgias. Developments in SCS systems have led to the differentiation between the delivered electromechanical waveform patterns, including tonic, burst, and high-frequency. Burst SCS mitigates traditional paresthesia due to expedited action potential and offers improved pain relief. Burst SCS has been shown in available studies to be non-inferior to the traditional SCS, which can cause pain paresthesia in patients who already have chronic pain. Burst SCS does not seem to cause or need the paresthesia seen in traditional SCS, making SCS not tolerable to patients. Moreover, some studies suggest that burst SCS may decrease opioid consumption in patients with chronic pain. This can make burst SCS an extremely useful tool in the battle against chronic pain and the raging opioid epidemic. As of now, more research needs to be performed to further delineate the effectiveness and long-term safety of this device.
The Effect of Surfactant Type and Concentration on Physicochemical Properties of Carvedilol Solid Dispersions Prepared by Wet Milling Method
Authors: Bolourchian Noushin , Shafiee Panah Mina
Published: May 2022

: The present study mainly aimed to prepare solid dispersions (SDs) of a poorly water-soluble compound, carvedilol (CA), in the presence of pluronic F68 (F68) and myrj 52 by wet milling technique in order to enhance drug dissolution. The process enabled the preparation of SDs without using any toxic organic solvents. SDs with different CA: surfactant ratios were prepared by wet milling followed by freeze-drying method and evaluated for their particle size and dissolution. They were also characterized based on/using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and saturated solubility. The effect of cryoprotectant type on the dissolution and particle size of SDs was also investigated. Wet milling process resulted in the reduced particle size depending on the type of surfactant. The significant drug dissolution and saturated solubility enhancement were recorded for milled SD formulations. In this regard, Myrj had a greater impact compared to F68. Dissolution efficiencies (DE30) obtained for the myrj-included SDs were up to 8.2-fold higher than that of untreated CA. The type of cryoprotectant was also found to affect the drug dissolution. According to the results, partial amorphization occurred in wet-milled samples, as confirmed by XRD and DSC analysis. It was concluded that using an appropriate surfactant along with wet-milling method may have been an effective approach for improving the dissolution rate of CA, a poorly soluble compound.
Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Narrative Review
Authors: AkbariRad Mina , Hassanzadeh Daloee Mehdi , Sarabi Mehrdad , Ravanshad Sahar
Published: May 2022

: The novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19), which spread rapidly and became a global pandemic, can cause respiratory failure, possibly requiring hospital stay or intensive care unit treatment. While COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, evidence has shown that it may also affect other body organs such as the heart. Survivors of COVID-19 may develop physical, respiratory, cardiac, and psychological impairments as well as reduced quality of life. Also, the long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain unclear. Hence, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation should be started as soon as possible to alleviate dyspnea, preserve function, minimize disability, reduce complications, relieve anxiety, and improve quality of life. In this study, we summarized the current cardiopulmonary rehabilitation guidelines and protocols for patients with COVID-19.
Emerging Immunohistochemical Biomarkers for Myeloid Neoplasms
Authors: Verma Anuj , Xu Mina L.
Published: May 2022

Context.—

Pathologists can greatly improve patient care and advance the understanding of disease progression by adeptly employing relevant biomarkers when diagnosing myeloid neoplasms. Although the molecular era has ushered in countless molecular biomarkers in this field, the necessary techniques can be expensive and time-consuming. Novel immunohistochemical biomarkers can help to quickly and inexpensively render the correct diagnosis and predict response to targeted therapies. Hence, it is critical to continue studying and using new and promising immunohistochemical tools for myeloid neoplasms in our current era.

Objective.—

To review the emerging biomarkers in myeloid neoplasms that can be identified by immunohistochemistry and to discuss their utility, staining patterns, and pitfalls.

Data Sources.—

We conducted a scientific literature search of articles related to either a novel immunohistochemical marker or a new utility of an already known marker to assess myeloid neoplasms in PubMed from 2016 to September 30, 2021. We curated relevant contributing studies from the references and subsequent citations of the original articles.

Conclusions.—

Immunohistochemistry is a powerful tool in analyzing biomarkers that play a significant role in the management of patients with myeloid neoplasms. We reviewed 5 immunohistochemical markers, namely, IDH1R132H, ERG, IRF8, GATA1, and NPM1. These markers, depending on the clinical scenario, can be diagnostic, predictive, and also prognostic. Immunohistochemistry also empowers us to evaluate these markers in archival samples, including pretreatment and posttreatment biopsies.
Development and Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Driven Vitamin D Protocol for a Cystic Fibrosis Clinic
Authors: Yett Elizabeth S. , Phan Ha , Mills Alex R. , Fleming Joshua W. , Majure Joseph M. , Malinowski Scott S. , Adcock Kim G.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

Vitamin D deficiency is commonly found in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and can have a negative effect on patients who are not at target goal according to Cystic Fibrosis Foundation's Vitamin D Deficiency Clinical Care Guidelines. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a pharmacist-driven vitamin D protocol (PDVDP) in improving, achieving, and maintaining 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of patients in a pediatric CF clinic.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review was conducted for pediatric patients with CF from August 2018 to March 2020 to determine the percent of patients with improvement in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to target goal (≥ 30 ng/mL). Patients' 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at 6, 12, and 18 months after automatic enrollment into the PDVDP were compared to determine if improvement occurred, and to calculate relative percent increase of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for these patients.

RESULTS

The mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of the patients at baseline before the protocol and 6, 12, and 18 months after enrollment in the protocol were 23.2, 33.3, 32.7, and 34.6 ng/mL, respectively. These results demonstrate mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at all follow-up time points were significantly greater than baseline (p < 0.001). At 6 months, 50% (n = 20) of pediatric patients reached the target 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.

CONCLUSIONS

The PDVDP was effective in increasing the number of patients able to reach target 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Our PDVDP process may also be used at other CF clinics to improve vitamin D outcomes collaboratively with the interprofessional CF team.
Taste Perceptions of Common Pediatric Antibiotic Suspensions and Associated Prescribing Patterns in Medical Residents
Authors: Soares Neelkamal , Mitchell Rachel , McGoff Theresa , Bailey Teresa , Wellman Gregory S.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

Palatability of medication is an important factor for adherence, especially in pediatric populations that tend to use oral suspensions for antibiotic therapy. Our study is the first to evaluate the impact of taste on prescribing patterns of antibiotic suspensions. The objective was to determine if taste testing common antibiotic suspensions altered prescribing patterns of medical residents, through data extracted from the electronic health record.

METHODS

After assessing 5 “primer” tastes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami [savory]), residents were randomized to sample 6 antibiotic suspensions to rate their taste perception. A 12-month retrospective and prospective analysis of outpatient prescribing practices of the residents followed, and the results were compared to the resident cohort randomized to no taste test.

RESULTS

The 43 residents prescribed 207 liquid antibiotic prescriptions for 176 patients, with no difference in patient characteristics between residents in the taste test versus non–taste test group. Although amoxicillin was most preferable and amoxicillin-clavulanate least, the only significant finding was a greater prescribing rate of cefdinir among those who had tasted it and an inverse relationship between cephalexin taste preference and percentage prescribing amoxicillin in the taste group. Residents who tasted were poor in identifying primer tastes, but this did not impact prescribing patterns.

CONCLUSIONS

Among 6 commonly prescribed antibiotic suspensions, amoxicillin remains a highly preferred taste among prescribers. Interestingly, after the taste test there was a significantly greater prescribing rate of cefdinir among those who had tasted it and somewhat lower prescribing rate for amoxicillin-clavulanate.
Dexmedetomidine Versus Fentanyl for Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Naveed Maryam , Bondi Deborah S. , Shah Pooja A.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

Therapeutic hypothermia reduces the risk of death and major disability in neonates with moderate-to-severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Opioids and benzodiazepines are used to manage agitation but contribute to hemodynamic and respiratory instability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DEX) compared with fentanyl (FENT) in neonates with HIE undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.

METHODS

This was a retrospective, single-center study comparing outcomes in neonates with HIE undergoing therapeutic hypothermia who received FENT to those who received DEX.

RESULTS

A total of 45 neonates were included (FENT, n = 19; DEX, n = 26). The DEX group had a decreased need for sedative bolus doses during therapeutic hypothermia compared with the FENT group; however, there was no difference in number of uncontrolled agitation scores or need for additional scheduled sedatives. The DEX group had a shorter time to discontinuation of sedatives after rewarming compared with the FENT group (0.52 versus 5 days, respectively; p = 0.001), shorter time to extubation after birth (3.1 versus 11.3 days, respectively; p = 0.004), and earlier time to resumption of feeds (8.5 versus 13 days, respectively; p = 0.03). A non-statistically significant reduction in seizures was noted (3 versus 7 subjects, respectively; p = 0.07). There was no difference in baseline characteristics, mortality, or adverse effects.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of DEX during therapeutic hypothermia for HIE appears to provide comparable control of agitation to FENT with a reduced need for additional sedatives and may lead to an earlier time to extubation and discontinuation of sedatives.
Prolonged Neuromuscular Blockade From Continuous Vecuronium in an Infant With Renal Failure Being Treated With Dialysis
Authors: O'Connell Matthew P. , Stauber Sierra D.
Published: May 2022

Neuromuscular blockade may be required in critically ill pediatric patients to facilitate ventilator synchrony or maintain safety during high-risk procedures. Vecuronium is one neuromuscular blocking agent used for this purpose; however, there are limited data regarding its use in pediatric patients with renal failure. Although predominantly considered to be metabolized by the liver, there are numerous adult cases and 1 pediatric case report that have described extended paralysis from vecuronium due to renal failure. The proposed mechanism is accumulation of renally cleared active metabolites. This case report describes an infant with vecuronium exposure during continuous renal replacement therapy who experienced prolonged neuromuscular blockade for several days after the agent was stopped. This highlights the importance of considering renal function when selecting neuromuscular blocking agent.
As relações entre espaço cênico e Iluminação na virada do século XIX para o XX: A performatividade no espaço rítmico de Appia
Authors: Nascimento Elaine Cristina Maia
Published: May 2022

As proposições estéticas da virada do século XIX para o XX em torno da explosão do espaço cênico, vão nortear o trabalho de encenadores modernos que, questionando a estrutura cênica à italiana, investem nos estudos sobre a espacialidade descoberta pela iluminação. Nesse contexto, desenvolvo uma reflexão inicial tanto sobre o conceito de teatralidade trazido à cenografia, quanto sobre seus traços de performatividade, inaugurados pelas experimentações de Adolphe Appia, principalmente no que diz respeito à criação do que o encenador vai chamar de “Espaços Rítmicos”, resultante de seu contato com os estudos sobre rítmica de Émile Jacques Dalcroze.
Iluminação, cenografia e encenação: a mudança de paradigma após a chegada de Ziembinski ao Brasil.
Authors: Brito Luciana Liege Bomfim
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo faz um retrospecto da história da iluminação brasileira, desde a invasão portuguesa, em 1500, até os dias atuais, destacando a importância da década de 40, com a chegada de Ziembinski e dos demais estrangeiros ao Brasil. Relaciona a encenação, com a iluminação e a cenografia, principalmente depois da mudança de paradigma, influenciada pela vinda dos estrangeiros que aqui chegaram, fugindo da guerra. A relação entre diversas artes e a política foram responsáveis pela criação de uma estética nacional, formando, assim, o Teatro Moderno Brasileiro, sendo consolidada com a participação de Jorginho de Carvalho, iluminador carioca. Através de pesquisa em livros de história, assim como a leitura de entrevistas feitas por terceiros, a autora faz uma relação entre diferentes áreas de um espetáculo teatral, destacando a montagem de Vestido de Noiva, texto de Nelson Rodrigues, encenação de Ziembinski, em 1943.
Pintando com Luz o Teatro Infantil: Entrevista com Jorginho de Carvalho
Authors: Souza Fernanda Guimarães Mattos de
Published: May 2022

Em uma vasta experiência de mais de 55 anos como iluminador, o carioca Jorginho de Carvalho reconhece o teatro infantil como sua primeira escola. Nessa entrevista, realizada em 2016, ele discorre sobre temas relacionados à criação de luz para espetáculos infanto-juvenis, ao convívio com a autora e diretora Maria Clara Machado, ao início de sua carreira no teatro escola O Tablado, no Rio de Janeiro, além da relação com outros importantes criadores para esse público específico. O convívio e a experiência de trabalho com esse iluminador me despertaram a necessidade de uma investigação aprofundada sobre os efeitos psicológicos da luz e de um registro de suas possibilidades no universo cênico infantil, o que culminou em um projeto de doutorado em desenvolvimento.
Memorial técnico de artesanias Iluminocenográficas: desenvolvendo tecnologia a partir da obsolescência ou Tópicos, apontamentos e derrisões de um iluminador dedicado ao pensamento não acadêmico
Authors: Flecha Marcelo
Published: May 2022

Este memorial não segue nenhum preceito da escrita acadêmica, o termo “memorial” parte da definição básica do léxico como “Relato de memórias”, e visa apresentar a trajetória do iluminador Marcelo Flecha, de São Luís/MA, num plano mais imagético que discursivo, estabelecendo um panorama geral da sua produção.
Farol do Norte: o talento de Lúcia Chedieck e seu pioneirismo feminino em iluminação, de Belém-PA para o mundo
Authors: Tiago Camila Barbosa , Silva Natasha Kerolen Leite da
Published: May 2022

Lúcia Chedieck é natural de Belém - Pará, cenógrafa e light designer que abriu caminhos para outras mulheres investirem na carreira técnica nessa região. Em entrevista para A LUZ EM CENA, expõe algumas experiências e relata seus enfrentamentos diante as adversidades do mercado de trabalho para a mulher no setor técnico cultural e que ainda são comuns nos dias de hoje, discorre também sobre a necessidade de diálogos de formação profissionalizante e a necessidade de vivências para realização de trabalhos em iluminação cênica. Da primeira geração de iluminadoras nortistas, compartilha conosco suas vivências e produções com cenografia e iluminação em arquitetura, artes cênicas e artes plásticas.
Ética de Spinoza como proyecto onto-gnoseológico
Authors: García Ruzo Antonieta
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo es un intento por repensar el modo en que ha sido interpretada la primera parte de la Ética de Baruch Spinoza por la tradición. Fundamentalmente, busca alejarse de las interpretaciones que llamamos “ontológicas” -que sostienen que las distinciones conceptuales allí postuladas refieren a diferentes ámbitos de lo real-, para defender una lectura que tenga al factor gnoseológico como principio explicativo de tales distinciones. Se intentará mostrar que mediante esta hipótesis de lectura se accede a aquello que nos parece ser el más auténtico espíritu spinozista: aquel donde la multiplicidad de las perspectivas del conocimiento humano se vuelve coherente con la más absoluta univocidad de lo real.
A LAMP sequencing approach for high-throughput co-detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus in human saliva
Authors: Warneford-Thomson Robert , Shah Parisha P , Lundgren Patrick , Lerner Jonathan , Morgan Jason , Davila Antonio , Abella Benjamin S , Zaret Kenneth , Schug Jonathan , Jain Rajan , Thaiss Christoph A , Bonasio Roberto
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need for rapid, effective, and low-cost SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing. Here, we describe COV-ID, an approach that combines RT-LAMP with deep sequencing to detect SARS-CoV-2 in unprocessed human saliva with a low limit of detection (5–10 virions). Based on a multi-dimensional barcoding strategy, COV-ID can be used to test thousands of samples overnight in a single sequencing run with limited labor and laboratory equipment. The sequencing-based readout allows COV-ID to detect multiple amplicons simultaneously, including key controls such as host transcripts and artificial spike-ins, as well as multiple pathogens. Here, we demonstrate this flexibility by simultaneous detection of 4 amplicons in contrived saliva samples: SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, human STATHERIN, and an artificial SARS calibration standard. The approach was validated on clinical saliva samples, where it showed excellent agreement with RT-qPCR. COV-ID can also be performed directly on saliva absorbed on filter paper, simplifying collection logistics and sample handling.
An Urdu speech corpus for emotion recognition
Authors: Asghar Awais , Sohaib Sarmad , Iftikhar Saman , Shafi Muhammad , Fatima Kiran
Published: May 2022

Emotion recognition from acoustic signals plays a vital role in the field of audio and speech processing. Speech interfaces offer humans an informal and comfortable means to communicate with machines. Emotion recognition from speech signals has a variety of applications in the area of human computer interaction (HCI) and human behavior analysis. In this work, we develop the first emotional speech database of the Urdu language. We also develop the system to classify five different emotions: sadness, happiness, neutral, disgust, and anger using different machine learning algorithms. The Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC), Linear Prediction Coefficient (LPC), energy, spectral flux, spectral centroid, spectral roll-off, and zero-crossing were used as speech descriptors. The classification tests were performed on the emotional speech corpus collected from 20 different subjects. To evaluate the quality of speech emotions, subjective listing tests were conducted. The recognition of correctly classified emotions in the complete Urdu emotional speech corpus was 66.5% with K-nearest neighbors. It was found that the disgust emotion has a lower recognition rate as compared to the other emotions. Removing the disgust emotion significantly improves the performance of the classifier to 76.5%.
Continuous video capture, and pollinia tracking, in Platanthera (Orchidaceae) reveal new insect visitors and potential pollinators
Authors: van der Voort Genevieve E. , Gilmore Scott R. , Gorrell Jamieson C. , Janes Jasmine K.
Published: May 2022

Orchids often have specific pollinators, which should provide reproductive isolation, yet many produce natural hybrids. Platanthera dilatata and P. stricta differ in floral morphology but often co-occur, overlap in flowering, and are reputed parents of P. xestesii. We used motion-triggered video detection units to monitor floral visitors of P. dilatata and P. stricta on Vancouver Island, Canada. Pollinia removal in P. dilatata was observed using histochemical staining, and cross-pollinations were performed to determine compatibility. From 1,152 h, 753 videos were recorded; 655 contained insects and 91 contained arachnids. Bumblebees, butterflies, and moths removed pollinia from P. dilatata. No pollinia removal was observed from P. stricta. Five videos showed insects moving between Platanthera species. Pollinia removal rates were low. Hand-pollinations resulted in capsule development and seed production. This study adds to the known diversity of insects interacting with these orchids, and highlights regional differences in floral visitors.
Temporal Patterns of Abundance of Birds Along a Transect in Kings Park, Perth: A long-term study
Authors: Recher Harry F.
Published: May 2022

Frequency of occurrence data are available for birds along a transect in Kings Park, Perth, Western Australia from 1928 to 2008. These data show a dynamic avifauna with about a third of the sixty-one bird species recorded declining in frequency since 1928, another third, including new colonisers, increased, while a third showed little or no change. Despite the value of these data, frequency data are a coarse measure of changes in abundance. To provide baseline data on avian abundances for monitoring long-term trends in numbers, monthly counts along the transect were made from February 1996 to October 1999, and August 2001 to February 2002, with additional opportunistic counts from 1986 to 2008. Fifty-five species were recorded between 1986 and 2008. An average of 15 to 20 species were recorded during counts with little seasonal variation. Total species abundances were greatest in winter and spring, and least in summer and autumn. The number of individuals of most species changed seasonally, due in part to variation in detectability, but birds also moved into and out of the park. The numbers of some species differed between years, and there were changes in species composition and abundance following fires that burnt the transect. Between 1986 and 2008 two species, Broad-tailed Acanthiza apicalis and Western Thornbill A. inornata, declined to extinction, with the loss of the Western Thornbill a consequence of the 1989 fire. Other species, including Black-capped Sittella Daphoenositta pileata and Yellow-rumped Thornbill A. chrysorrhoa, are in decline, with local extinction predicted by 2030. The data illustrate the importance of abundance data for long-term monitoring and the importance of Kings Park as a refuge for Perth’s birdlife.
Impact of the 2019–20 drought, heatwaves and mega-fires on Greater Gliders (Petauroides volans) in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, New South Wales
Authors: Smith Peter , Smith Judy
Published: May 2022

We have investigated the impact of the unprecedented drought, heatwaves and fires of 2019–20 on a threatened arboreal marsupial, the Greater Glider (Petauroides volans), in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, an area of over one million hectares. The study involved multiple post-fire surveys in 2020 and 2021 of 16 transects (eight burnt and eight unburnt) for which we had pre-2019 data on Greater Glider numbers. We were unable to find any gliders on two transects burnt at high to extreme severity (100% of eucalypt foliage killed in the canopy and understorey) but Greater Gliders were still present on all six transects burnt at low to moderate severity (44–77% of eucalypt foliage killed), although in significantly lower numbers (mean decline of 43% per transect). Greater Gliders feed on eucalypt leaves and their post-fire survival appears to be dependent on the presence of eucalypt trees with abundant unburnt foliage, which were absent from the more severely burnt transects. Even 17 months after the fires, Greater Gliders were still dependent on these trees, which constituted 36% of trees on low-moderate burnt transects but 77% of trees in which gliders were seen. Gliders were seen feeding on post-fire epicormic regrowth but generally avoided trees with mainly epicormic foliage, possibly because they provided insufficient protection from predators. Greater Gliders were also seriously impacted by the preceding drought and heatwaves, with patchy but significant declines on the eight unburnt transects (mean decline of 34% per transect). We measured the likely impact of the fires on Greater Glider habitat across the World Heritage Area by determining fire severity at a total of 773 precisely located points at which the species had been recorded. An extraordinary 84% of their known sites had been burnt, with 34% burnt at high-extreme severity, 50% burnt at low-moderate severity and only 16% unburnt. Combining these figures with the Greater Glider declines recorded on our transects, we estimate that the Greater Glider population of the World Heritage Area has been reduced by 61% by the extreme events of 2019–20. This is a broad extrapolation from a limited number of sites but it indicates the massive scale of the likely impacts.