bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weekly pattern of alcohol-attributable male mortality before and after imposing limits on hours of alcohol sale in Lithuania in 2018
Authors: Stumbrys Daumantas , Štelemėkas Mindaugas , Jasilionis Domantas , Rehm Jürgen
Published: July 2023

Aims:

From 1 January 2018, the number of retail hours for the sale of alcohol was reduced from 14 to 5 hours on Sundays and from 14 to 10 hours on the other days of the week in Lithuania. The significant reduction of hours for the sale of alcohol on Sundays may have affected the distribution of alcohol-attributable deaths during the week. This study aimed to examine the change in the weekly pattern of alcohol-attributable male mortality before and after imposing limits on the hours when alcohol can be sold.

Methods:

Age-standardised male death rates by days of the week were calculated for four groups according to cause of death: alcohol poisoning (X45), all external causes of death (V01–Y98), diseases of the circulatory system (I00–I99) and all other causes of death. We compared age-standardised death rates for two periods: before (2015–2017) and after (2018–2019) the intervention. Mortality and population data were obtained from the Lithuanian Institute of Hygiene and Human Mortality Database.

Results:

We found that during 2018–2019, earlier observed peak in age-standardised death rates for external causes of death on Sunday diminished, and this day no longer differed from the weekly average. The same tendency was also observed for the Monday excess mortality due to circulatory diseases.

Conclusions:

The reduction of the hours when alcohol can be sold from the beginning of 2018 was associated with a change in a weekly pattern of alcohol-attributable male mortality. However, more studies are needed to examine the causes of the change in mortality pattern.
Now you see them, now you don’t: Professional recognition of specialist professionals working with Deaf British Sign Language parents in child safeguarding
Authors: Oram Rosemary , Young Alys , Cartney Patricia
Published: July 2023

This paper concerns parenting assessments which are integral to child-safeguarding professional processes in England, and which involve Deaf parents whose primary language is British Sign Language (BSL). In an under-researched area of social work, the research aim was to contribute to the existing literature by eliciting the practice wisdom of specialist professionals. Specifically, it draws upon their linguistic and cultural knowledge of the Deaf community when they are involved in parenting assessments with Deaf parents who are subject to safeguarding concerns. Data about these professionals’ actual experiences of navigating Deaf cultural-competency in contemporary child protection practices were collected through seven video-recorded, semi-structured interviews conducted in BSL. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis, data were analysed in their source language (BSL). This article focusses on one key theme, termed ‘Professional Recognition’, which incorporates a) the identification of specialist roles and b) the impact of referral processes and protocols on assessment outcomes. The findings highlight participants’ perspectives on the benefits and disadvantages of their specialist role in this context. Although their brokerage skills, cultural competence, linguistic fluency and specialist knowledge of the Deaf community are highly regarded and valued by some colleagues, there is insufficient recognition of their existence by the majority. Secondly, participants are concerned by the inefficiency and inconsistency of the referral processes and protocols which they consider have adverse effects on assessment outcomes, and consequently the parents involved. The BSL translation of this article is available in the supplementary material .
Back to the basics: international relations, intelligence, and strategic competition
Authors: Thurston Cathryn Quantic
Published: July 2023

As United States foreign policy returns to a focus on great power competition, it is worth reviewing the fundamental theories associated with understanding the threat and its impact on state relations. The social science fields of international relations (IR) and security studies provide the foundational theory and associated concepts for strategic intelligence analysis in this area. The paper addresses four broad theories (realism, liberalism, economic structuralism, and constructivism) and illustrates their impact on policymakers and intelligence analysts as they craft strategy. The author argues for a more explicit inclusion of IR theories, frameworks, and methods in strategic intelligence analysis.
High-resolution computed tomography angiography of the orbit using a photon-counting computed tomography scanner
Authors: Farnsworth Paul J , Campeau Norbert G , Diehn Felix E , Yu Lifeng , Leng Shuai , Zhou Zhongxing , Fletcher Joel G , McCollough Cynthia H
Published: July 2023

Background and Purpose

Recent introduction of photon counting detector (PCD) computed tomography (CT) scanners into clinical practice further improve CT angiography (CTA) depiction of orbital arterial vasculature compared to conventional energy integrating detector (EID) CT scanners. PCD-CTA of the orbit can provide a detailed arterial roadmap of the orbit which can de diagnostic on its own or serve as a helpful planning adjunct for both diagnostic and therapeutic catheter-based angiography of the orbit.

Methods

For this review, EID and PCD-CT imaging was obtained in 28 volunteers. The volume CT dose index was closely matched. A dual-energy scanning protocol was used on EID-CT. An ultra-high-resolution (UHR) scan mode was used on PCD-CT. Images were reconstructed at 0.6 mm slice thickness using a closely matched medium-sharp standard resolution (SR) kernel. High-resolution (HR) images with the sharpest quantitative kernel were also reconstructed on PCD-CT at the thinnest slice thickness of 0.2 mm. A denoising algorithm was applied to the HR image series.

Results

The imaging description of the orbital vascular anatomy presented in this work was derived from these patients’ PCD-CTA images in combination with review of the literature. We found that orbital arterial anatomy is much better depicted with PCD-CTA, and this work can serve primarily as an imaging atlas of the normal orbital vascular anatomy.

Conclusion

With recent advances in technology, arterial anatomy of the orbit is much better depicted with PCD-CTA as opposed to EID-CTA. Current orbital PCD-CTA technology approaches the necessary resolution threshold for reliable evaluation of central retinal artery occlusion.
Multicenter comparison of antiplatelet treatment strategies for urgent/emergent neuroendovascular stenting
Authors: Holden Devin , May Casey C. , Robbins Blake T. , Cook Aaron M. ,   the Neurocritical Care Pharmacy Section Research Group:, Jung Sara , Smetana Keaton S. , Roels Christina , Harlan Sara Schuman , Keegan Shaun , Brophy Gretchen , Al Mohaish Sulaiman , Sandler Melissa , Spetz Samantha , Wohlfarth Kevin , Owusu-Guha Jocelyn , Buschur Pamela , Hetrick Elizabeth , Dombrowski Keith , Glover Jennifer , Levesque Melissa , Dingman Spencer , Hussain Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Background

Emergent neuroendovascular stenting presents challenges for the utilization of antiplatelet agents.

Methods

This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort of patients who underwent emergent neuroendovascular stenting. The primary endpoints were thrombotic and bleeding events in relation to the timing of antiplatelet administration, route of administration, and choice of intravenous (IV) agent and the study investigated practice variability in antiplatelet utilization.

Results

Five-hundred and seventy patients were screened across 12 sites. Of those, 167 were included for data analysis. For patients who presented with ischemic stroke, artery dissection and emergent internal carotid artery (ICA) stenting who received an antiplatelet agent prior to or during the procedure, 57% were given an IV antiplatelet agent; for patients who were given an antiplatelet agent after the procedure, 96% were given an oral agent. For patients who presented for aneurysm repair and received an antiplatelet agent prior to or during the procedure, 74% were given an IV agent; patients who were given an antiplatelet agent after the completion of the procedure were given an oral antiplatelet agent 90% of the time. In patients who presented with ischemic stroke, artery dissection and emergent ICA stenting who received oral antiplatelet agents post-procedure were more likely to have thrombotic events compared to those who received oral antiplatelet agents prior to or during the procedure (29% vs 9%; p  =  0.04). There were no differences in the primary outcomes observed when comparing other antiplatelet treatment strategies.

Conclusion

The optimal timing of antiplatelet administration in relation to stent placement and route of administration of antiplatelet agents is unclear. Timing and route of administration of antiplatelet agents may have an effect on thrombosis in emergent neuroendovascular stenting. Significant practice variation exists in antiplatelet agent utilization in emergent neuroendovascular stenting.
Comaneci stent-angioplasty for the optimization of inadequately deployed flow diverter stents
Authors: Sirakova Kristina , Sirakov Alexander , Ninov Kristian , Minkin Krasimir , Sirakov Stanimir
Published: July 2023

Background and Purpose

In endovascular procedures, inadequate deployment of a flow diverter stent is a highly concerning technical complication that can lead to acute parent vessel occlusion and ischaemic events. This study aimed to assess the off-label use of the Comaneci device in managing technical difficulties associated with flow diversion.

Materials and Methods

We conducted an analysis of all flow diverter procedures documented in our prospectively collected database. Our objective was to identify patients with inadequately deployed implants who underwent Comaneci stent-angioplasty. Both Comaneci 17 and Comaneci 21 devices were utilized to address and remediate technical complications related to stent deployment. We reviewed anatomical features, technical details, intraprocedural complications, as well as clinical and angiographic outcomes.

Results

Thirty-one Comaneci devices were employed to remediate 31 inadequately deployed flow diverter stents. Successful resolution of technical complications associated with flow diverter placement was achieved in all attempted cases. No clinically significant complications were attributed to the technique, and no mortality was observed during the study.

Conclusion

Technical issues arising from flow diverter stent deployment are formidable complications. Familiarity with appropriate corrective manoeuvres is essential to achieve successful outcomes. The Comaneci device can be safely and effectively incorporated into the range of techniques used to rectify inadequately deployed stents.
Hardiness as a Resilience Factor for Adaptation in Families of Children With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Mixed Methods Study of Parents’ Perspectives
Authors: Caples Maria , McCarthy Bridie , Savage Eileen
Published: July 2023

22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a rare multisystem genetic disorder with over 200 associated characteristics, occurring in various combinations and severity. Extensive biomedical research has been undertaken on 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, however, there is a dearth of research on families’ experiences of managing a family member with this condition. The complex and at times serious phenotypical presentation of the syndrome can make the management of the condition difficult for families. The aim of this mixed method explanatory sequential study was to investigate family hardiness as a resilience factor for adaptation in families of children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome from parents’ perspectives. We found that adaptation scores increased by 0.57 points (95% CI: 0.19–0.94) for every one-point increase in family hardiness score. Qualitative results indicated that acceptance of the child’s diagnosis and support positively influenced hardiness whereas fears about the future and their experiences of loss negatively influenced hardiness.
Ethical considerations and dilemmas for the researcher and for families in home-based research: A case for situated ethics
Authors: Palaiologou Ioanna , Brown Alice
Published: July 2023

When researching with or about families in home-based research, there are numerous unexpected ethical issues that can emerge, particularly in qualitative research. This paper is based on reflective accounts of four homed-based research projects, two in the UK and two Australia, which examined ethical dilemmas identified when engaged in home-based research with young children. Using a synergy of ecocultural theory and Foucauldian ideas of Heterotopia as theoretical conceptualisations, the authors employed reflective lenses to guide their approach, and examine dilemmas and complexities when conducting research in the home. We argue that, to address ethical dilemmas, researchers need to problematise and reflect upon the nature of respectful approaches and the ethical implications of their behaviours. We conclude that, although ethical codes are valuable when researching families at home, researchers should plan for and forefront their methodological approaches in ways that are family-centred, whilst also framed by practices that are ethical, respectful and reflective to the situated contexts of family’s ecologies and heterotopias.
Outcomes of radialization with ulnar cuff osteotomy for radial longitudinal deficiency: a medium-term follow-up study
Authors: Bhat Anil K. , G. Mithun Pai , Acharya Ashwath M.
Published: July 2023

Addressing the deforming stresses arising from soft tissue and continued skeletal development is crucial to obtain long-term correction of forearm carpal alignment in Radial longitudinal deficiency. The aim of the present study was to report the medium-term follow-up results of radialization with ulnar cuff osteotomy in children. A total of 17 patients (21 involved limbs) with a mean follow-up of 66 months (range 50 to 96) were reviewed. Mean correction of the hand forearm angle at the final follow-up was 51°. Mean hand forearm position preoperatively and at the final follow-up were −1.1 cm (SD 0.9) and +1.3 cm (SD 0.8), respectively. This metaphyseal osteotomy relaxed the radial structures throughout the original phase of deformity correction. The mean ulnar growth was 62% of the contralateral side at the final follow-up. Our technique may provide a feasible solution to the correction and prevent recurrence of deformity while maintaining ulnar growth in the medium to longer term.

Level of evidence: III
Actigraphy-derived physical activity levels and circadian rhythm parameters in patients with psoriatic arthritis: relationship with disease activity, mood, age and BMI
Authors: McGagh Dylan , McGowan Niall , Hinds Chris , Saunders Kate E. A. , Coates Laura C.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is associated with sleep disturbance, depression and a lifetime risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. To date, there have been no studies investigating the relationship between objectively-measured physical activity (PA) levels and circadian rhythm disturbance with disease activity, daily symptoms and mood in patients with PsA.

Objective:

This pilot study aimed to investigate the relationship between disease activity, daily symptoms and mood on PA and circadian rhythm in PsA.

Design:

A prospective cohort study recruiting adults with PsA from rheumatology clinics at a single centre in the UK.

Methods:

Participants wore an actigraph and recorded their symptoms and mood on a daily basis via a smartphone app for 28 days. Time spent in sedentary, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and parameters reflecting the circadian rhythm of the rest-activity pattern were derived. This included the onset time of the least active 5-h (L5) and most active 10-h (M10) daily consecutive periods and the relative amplitude (RA). The relationship factors between baseline clinical status, daily symptoms, PA and circadian measures were examined using linear mixed effect regression models.

Results:

Nineteen participants (8/19 female) were included. Participants with active PsA spent 63.87 min (95% CI: 18.5–109.3, p = 0.008) more in inactivity and 30.78 min (95% CI: 0.4–61.1, p = 0.047) less in MVPA per day compared to those in minimal disease activity (MDA). Age, body mass index and disease duration were also associated with PA duration. Participants with worse functional impairment had an M10 onset time 1.94 h (95% CI: 0.05–3.39, p = 0.011) later than those with no reported functional impairment. No differences were detected for L5 onset time or RA. Higher scores for positive mood components such as feeling energetic, cheerful and elated were associated with less time in inactivity and greater time spent in MVPA overall.

Conclusion:

Our study highlights differences in PA and circadian rest-activity pattern timing based on disease activity, disability and daily mood in PsA. Reduced PA levels in patients with active disease may contribute to the observed increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic sequelae, with further studies exploring this need.
Selective Collection of Exhaled Breath Condensate for Noninvasive Screening of Breath Glucose
Authors: Desai Aditya , Tankasala Divya , Ng Gabriel P. , Thakkar Pankti , Hoilett Orlando S. , Mather Kieren J. , Linnes Jacqueline C.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Although exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a promising noninvasive sample for detecting respiratory analytes such as glucose, current EBC collection methods yield inconsistent results.

Methods:

We developed a custom EBC collection device with a temperature-based algorithm to selectively condense alveolar air for reproducible EBC glucose detection. We characterized the condensate volumes and the corresponding glucose concentrations. We performed a pilot study demonstrating its use during oral glucose tolerance tests.

Results:

The novel device selectively captured alveolar air resulting in slightly higher and less variable glucose concentrations than the overall EBC. Participants with type 2 diabetes demonstrated significantly higher blood plasma-EBC glucose ratios than normoglycemic participants.

Conclusions:

Temperature-based selective EBC collection allows EBC glucose measurement and is a promising sampling method to distinguish patients with and without diabetes.
Price elasticity of demand and its impact on hotel revenue performance during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Singh Amrik , Corsun David L.
Published: July 2023

This study investigates price elasticity of demand and its pricing effect on revenue performance of hotels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using annual operating performance data on over 2,500 hotels from 2018 to 2021, this study provides empirical evidence of a relatively inelastic demand for the lodging sector. Price, income, cross-price, and lagged demand are positive and inelastic in their relationships with demand. Price has a significant and negative effect on lodging demand while a hotel’s competitive position has a significant influence on RevPAR performance with both negatively affected by COVID-19. More important, the results show a significantly greater positive impact of pricing on RevPAR penetration for hotels that raised rates relative to hotels that dropped rates. The findings suggest that it may be best for hotels to maintain or raise room rates to maximize revenue performance in the midst of an external shock.
Public Policy Challenges and the Lodging Shared Economy
Authors: Kreeger Jeffery C. , Smith Scott J.
Published: July 2023

The Lodging Shared Economy (LSE) is made up of a complex web of parties which enables guests to stay at a host’s home either with the host at home or away from the property. Many hosts utilize an LSE Online Platform (LSEOP) company such as Airbnb or Vacation Rentals by Owner (VRBO) to rent out a host’s property to a guest and receive payments from the guest including sales and lodging taxes, and they also remit payments to hosts and government agencies. Governmental agencies receive taxes from LSEOPs and distribute taxes to appropriate government accounts. The governmental agencies also enact laws and legislation to govern the activities of guests, hosts, and LSEOPs. This complex process serves the interests of each party involved but at times these diverse interests interfere with another party’s concerns resulting in conflicts, lawsuits, and public policy. This article addresses only regulations within the United States. Using a content analysis design, it provides a summary of LSE regulations for each state, thus allowing comparisons in determining highly taxed versus lesser taxed properties and highly regulated environments versus laissez-faire destinations. Although LSE companies typically transact the financial aspects of the stay, hosts are ultimately responsible for complying with other public policy regulations such as parking, noise, trash, and traffic laws. This study analyzed the most recent court cases among LSEOPs and government entities that illustrate some of the push and pull of public policy decisions on short-term rentals across the United States.
Diffusion-tensor MR imaging of optic pathway in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Elsaid Nada , Razek Ahmed , Batouty Nihal M , Saied Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To investigate the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of optic pathway in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Patients and Methods

This study included 41 IIH patients and 22 controls. They underwent DTI of the optic nerve (ON) and optic radiation (OR). Their fractional anostrophy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated by two reviewers and correlated with papilledema grade.

Results

The optic nerve mean FA and MD of patients for reviewer-1 were 0.21 ± 0.047 and 2.189 ± 0.52 ×10−3 mm2/s and for reviewer-2 were 0.216 ± 0.047 and 2.17 ± 0.54 ×10−3 mm2/s. The mean ON FA and MD of controls for reviewer-1 were 0.33 ± 0.048 and 1.29 ± 0.26 ×10−3 mm2/s and for reviewer-2 were 0.34 ± 0.05 and 1.3 ± 0.26 ×10−3 mm2/s. There was significant difference in FA and MD between patients and controls ( p < 0.00001). The OR mean FA and MD of patients for reviewer-1 were 0.61 ± 0.03 and 2.26 ± 0.55 ×10−3 mm2/s and for reviewer-2 were 0.6 ± 0.03 and 2.24 ± 0.57 ×10−3 mm2/s The mean OR FA and MD of controls for reviewer-1 were 0.6 ± 0.03 and 2.19 ± 0.49 ×10−3 mm2/s and for reviewer-2 were 0.6 ± 0.03 and 2.18 ± 0.49 ×10−3 mm2/s. There was no significant difference in FA and MD obtained in patients and controls. Both the FA and the MD of the ON showed strong correlation with the papilledema grade (r = −0.8 and 0.951, respectively).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that, IIH is associated mainly with pre-chiasmatic or ON involvement rather than post-chiasmatic parenchymal or OR involvement. DTI MD and FA parameters of the ON may be a reliable imaging biomarker for diagnosis of IIH and well correlated with papilledema grades.
How general practitioners and patients discuss type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases concerns during consultations: Implications for digital health
Authors: Rohilla Urvashi , Ramarao Jayashanthi P , Lane Jared , Khatri Neha N , Smith James , Yin Kathleen , Lau Annie YS
Published: July 2023

Objective

To analyse general practitioner–patient consultations about type 2 diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases and describe (i) the nature of self-management discussions; (ii) actions required from patients during and after consultation regarding self-management; and (iii) implications for digital health to support patients during (and after) consultation.

Method

This study screened 281 general practitioner consultations conducted in 2017 within the UK general practice setting from an existing dataset containing videos and transcripts of consultations between GPs and patients. Secondary analysis was conducted using a multi-method approach, including descriptive, content, and visualisation analysis, to inform the nature of self-management discussions, what actions are required from patients, and whether digital technology was mentioned during the consultation to support self-management.

Results

Analysis of eligible 19 consultations revealed a discord between what self-management actions are required of patients during and after consultations. Lifestyle discussions are often discussed in depth, but these discussions rely heavily on subjective inquiry and recall. Some patients in these cohorts are overwhelmed by self-management, to the detriment of their personal health. Digital support for self-management was not a major topic of discussion, however, we identified a number of emergent gaps where digital technology can support self-management concerns.

Conclusion

There is potential for digital technology to reconcile what actions are required of patients during and after consultations. Furthermore, a number of emergent themes around self-management have implications for digitalisation.
How to build and analyze a panel data QCA model? A methodological demonstration of Garcia-Castro and Arino’s panel data QCA model
Authors: Bhattacharya Preya
Published: July 2023

There are many different ways of analyzing panel data in QCA. In this article, I have demonstrated one of these ways, that is, how to build a panel data QCA model, following Garcia-Castro and Arino (2016). I have applied my own research data, and analyzed it through the packages, “QCA” and “Set Methods”, software R. I have particularly focused on two main steps in panel data QCA analysis, first, how to test for necessary and sufficient conditions, and second, how to interpret panel data QCA results. By demonstrating these steps, I hope to help future scholars in their own work on panel data QCA.
Opportunities and Challenges to Advance Health Equity Using Digital Health Tools in Underserved Communities in Southeast US: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Blount Mitchell A. , Douglas Megan D. , Li Chaohua , Walston Denita T. , Nelms Phoebe L. , Hughes Carmen L. , Gaglioti Anne H. , Mack Dominic H.
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Over the last 30 years, the adoption of health information technology and digital health tools (DHTs) into the US health system has been instrumental to improving access to care, especially for people living in rural, underserved, and underrepresented communities. Despite widespread adoption of DHTs by primary care clinicians, documented challenges have contributed to inequitable use and benefit. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated rapid adoption of DHTs, accelerated by state and federal policy changes, in order to meet patient needs and ensure access to care.

Methods:

The Digital Health Tools Study employed a mixed methods approach to assess adoption and use of DHTs by primary care clinicians in southeastern states and identify individual- and practice-level barriers and facilitators to DHT implementation. A survey was conducted using a multi-modal recruitment strategy: newsletters, meeting/conference presentations, social media, and emails/calls. Focus groups were conducted to assess priorities, barriers, and facilitators and were recorded/transcribed verbatim. Descriptive statistics were calculated for survey results, produced for the whole sample, and stratified by state. Thematic analysis was conducted of focus group transcripts.

Results:

There were 1215 survey respondents. About 55 participants who had missing demographic information were excluded from the analysis. About 99% of clinicians used DHTs in the last 5 years, modalities included: telehealth (66%), electronic health records (EHRs; 66%), patient portals (49%), health information exchange (HIE; 41%), prescription drug monitoring programs (39%), remote/home monitoring (27%), and wearable devices (22%). Time (53%) and cost (51%) were identified as barriers. About 61% and 75% of clinicians reported being “satisfied” to “very satisfied” with telemedicine and EHRs, respectively. Seven focus groups with 25 clinicians were conducted and indicated COVID-19 and the use of supplemental tools/apps to connect patients to resources as major motivators for adopting DHTs. Challenges included incomplete and difficult-to-utilize HIE interfaces for providers and internet/broadband access and poor connectivity for patients.

Conclusions:

This study describes the impact adopting DHTs by primary care clinicians has on expanded access to healthcare and reducing health disparities in regions with longstanding health and social inequities. The findings identify opportunities to leverage DHTs to advance health equity and highlight opportunities for policy improvement.
When Humble Leaders Enhance Employee Job Crafting: The Role of Gender and Trust in Leaders
Authors: Son SuJin , Lee Jae Young
Published: July 2023

The study aimed to investigate the main effect of leader humility on job crafting and the potential three-way interaction effect between leader humility, trust in leaders, and gender on job crafting. Data were collected from 158 employees in two organizations in South Korea. In order to analyze the proposed hypotheses, we used hierarchical regression analysis and PROCESS macro (Model 3) in SPSS with 5,000 bootstrap samples. The results revealed that leader humility influences job crafting, and the impact of leader humility on task crafting depends on the level of trust. In particular, higher trust between a leader and employee indicates a more positive relationship between leader humility and the employee’s task crafting behaviors. Furthermore, a moderated moderation effect was discovered of gender on the two-way interaction effect. The results of this study highlight that leader humility plays an important role for employees’ job crafting behavior particularly when they have highly trusting relationships with their leaders. In addition, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of leader humility’s effect on job crafting by investigating the role of gender.
Review and Scholarly Syntheses as Anti-Racist Action
Authors: Compton-Lilly Catherine , Croom Marcus , McVee Mary B. , Skerrett Allison , Lewis Ellison Tisha , Rogers Rebecca , Cun Aijuan , Douglas Kristian , Collins Claire
Published: July 2023

At the final session of the 2022 Literacy Research Association Conference, Catherine Compton-Lilly, Marcus Croom, Mary McVee, and Allison Skerrett presented critical work related to equity, representation, and race in literacy scholarship. Panelists shared concerns and pursued a shared goal. Specifically, as literacy scholars, they recognized that like the empirical research conducted in classrooms and communities, review scholarship—scholarship that aspires to make sense of large bodies of available research—is always subject to systemic biases, privileging, and racism. In this panel session, we intentionally sought to dismantle biases through four review-oriented projects that—each in its own way—attempts to counter the systemic whitewashing that has characterized review scholarship in literacy.

The collective synthetic, counter-narrative that we presented is significant to literacy education. As we explained, the historical omission of scholarly reviews conducted by Scholars of Color requires a reclaiming of the field. Significantly, the omission is not a minor oversight. Scholarly reviews have long-term effects on scholarly communities; reviews provide novice and established scholars with macro views of the literacy field; in short, reviews identify what is important and worthy of scholarly attention and it is with this history in mind that the Integrative Review Panel for LRA 2022—and this current set of articles—were organized. Across our papers, we explore silences and obfuscations relative to the voices of Scholars of Color, the experiences of Communities of Color, and the education of all children. We view our public presentation of these syntheses as intentionally anti-racist acts designed to name, describe, and recognize the contributions of BIPOC (an acronym for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) scholars and communities. We are confident that the LRA community will continue to find this work impressive, inspiring, and important.
Factors shaping inmate trust in correctional officers in Taiwan: Do procedural justice and distributive justice really matter?
Authors: Felix Montelle Marius Maradona , Lai Yung-Lien , Yang Yalin , Wu Hui-Ching , Lo Tzu-Ying
Published: July 2023

While humane care, fair treatment, and respect for the rights and interests of prisoners have been found to reduce the levels of prisoners’ psychological distress and maladaptation (including mistrust in correctional officers) in the West, there is a lack of empirical research examining the relationship between inmates and correctional officers in a non-West society. Drawing on well-established theoretical models (importation, deprivation, and normative models) developed in the West, this article aims to address the core process of inmate attitude formation towards correctional officers. Using data collected from 1,025 adult inmates incarcerated in 10 Taiwanese prisons in 2020, a series of binary logistic regressions (BLR) was used to examine these survey data in considerable depth. Results showed that more than 60% of the respondents report having trust in the correctional officers in the facilities where they were incarcerated. Multivariate analyses showed that social support from staff, procedural justice, distributive justice, age, and gender (male) all produced significant and positive associations with inmate trust in correctional officers. Discussion of the results observed and policy implications for institutional corrections practice are presented in closing remarks and observations.
LINC00853 contributes to tumor stemness of gastric cancer through FOXP3-mediated transcription of PDZK1IP1
Authors: Hu Xia , Zhao Maoyuan , Hu Shuangyuan , Liu Qingsong , Liao Wenhao , Wan Lina , Wei Feng , Su Fangting , Guo Yu , Zeng Jinhao
Published: July 2023

Background

The incidence and mortality of gastric cancer (GC) are high worldwide. Tumor stemness is a major contributor to tumorigenesis and development of GC, in which long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deeply involved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences and mechanisms of LINC00853 in the progression and stemness of GC.

Methods

The level of LINC00853 was assessed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GC cell lines by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. An evaluation of biological functions of LINC00853 including cell proliferation, migration, and tumor stemness was conducted via gain-and loss-of-function experiments. Furthermore, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were utilized to validate the connection between LINC00853 and the transcription factor Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3). Nude mouse xenograft model was used to identify the impacts of LINC00853 on tumor development.

Results

We identified the up-regulated levels of lncRNA-LINC00853 in GC, and its overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in GC patients. Further study indicated that LINC00853 promoted cell proliferation, migration and cancer stemness while suppressed cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, LINC00853 directly bind to FOXP3 and promoted FOXP3-mediated transcription of PDZK1 interacting protein 1(PDZK1IP1). Alterations of FOXP3 or PDZK1IP1 reversed the LINC00853-induced biological effects on cell proliferation, migration and stemness. Moreover, xenograft tumor assay was used to investigate the function of LINC00853 in vivo.

Conclusions

Taken together, these findings revealed the tumor-promoting activity of LINC00853 in GC, expanding our understanding of lncRNAs regulation on GC pathogenesis.
The prognostic nutritional index predicts all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Huang Yuekang , Zhang Qunhui , Li Pengfei , Chen Meixiang , Wang Ruixin , Hu Jiaman , Chi Jianing , Cai Hua , Wu Ningxia , Xu Lin
Published: July 2023

Background

Malnutrition is common in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is associated with a poor prognosis. The prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with AMI remains controversial. We aimed to explore the relationship between PNI and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with AMI and evaluate the incremental prognostic value of PNI to commonly used prognostic assessment tools.

Methods

The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database was used to conduct a retrospective cohort analysis on 1180 critically ill patients with AMI. The primary endpoints were defined as 6-month and 1-year all-cause mortality. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between admission PNI and all-cause mortality. The effect of adding PNI to sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, or charlson comorbidity index (CCI) on its discriminative ability was assessed using C-statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results

Multivariate cox regression analysis demonstrated that the low PNI was regarded as an independent predictor of 1-year all-cause mortality in AMI patients admitted to ICU (adjusted Hazard Ratio: 95% CI = 1.75 (1.22–2.49)). The ROC test showed that admission PNI had a moderate predictive ability to predict all-cause mortality of critically ill patients with AMI. Furthermore, the net reclassification and integrated discrimination of the CCI alone model improved significantly with PNI. [C-statistic increased from 0.669 to 0.752, p < 0.001; NRI = 0.698, p < 0.001; IDI = 0.073, p < 0.001]. When PNI was added to the SOFA score, the C-statistic significantly improved from 0.770 to 0.805 (p < 0.001), and the NRI and IDI were estimated at 0.573 (p < 0.001) and 0.041 (p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

PNI could be a novel predictor for identifying patients at high risk of 1-year all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with AMI. The addition of PNI to the SOFA score or CCI may be useful for very early risk stratification.
Predictor of cognitive impairment: metabolic syndrome or circadian syndrome
Authors: Liu Yang , Zang Boying , Shao Jinang , Ning Ning , He Lixia , Ma Yanan
Published: July 2023

Background

It was reported that metabolic syndrome increases the risk for cognitive impairment and circadian rhythm may influence cognition behavior. Identifying the potential risk factors is essential to screen individuals with neuronal dysfunction, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline and prevent cognitive impairment and dementia development.

Methods

We clarified participants by the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and circadian syndrome (CircS) and employed three multivariable Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models to control the potential confounding factors and estimate the β values for cognitive function using as referents those had neither MetS nor CircS at baseline. The cognitive function consists of episodic memory and executive function was estimated via the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) every two years until 2015.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 58.80 (8.93) years and 49.92% (male). The prevalence of MetS and CircS was 42.98% and 36.43%, respectively. 1,075 (11.00%) and 435 (4.45%) participants had either MetS or CircS alone and 3,124 (31.98%) had both CircS and MetS. Participants with both MetS and CircS compared with normal had a significantly decreased cognitive function score during the 4-years cohort (β = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.63, -0.01) with the complete model, as well as among participants who suffered from CircS alone (β = -0.82, 95% CI: -1.47, -0.16), while not among participants with MetS alone (β = 0.13, 95% CI: -0.27, 0.53). Specifically, compared with the normal population a significantly lower score was discovered in the episodic memory (β = -0.51, 95% CI: -0.95, -0.07), while slightly lower in executive function (β = -0.33, 95% CI: -0.68, -0.01) among individuals with CircS alone.

Conclusions

Individuals with CircS alone or both MetS and CircS have a high risk of cognitive impairment. The association was even stronger in participants with CircS alone than those with both MetS and CircS, suggesting CircS probably have a stronger association with cognitive functioning than MetS and could be a better predictor for cognitive impairment.
Digital assistance systems in the field of incontinence care for individuals in need of long-term care (EASY): study protocol of a stratified randomised controlled trial
Authors: Schmidt Stefan , Neumann Alexandra , Muller Julie , Schweitzer Anja , Gölly Katharina Ingrid , Brandl Julio
Published: July 2023

Background

In general, urinary and faecal incontinence is a multifaceted problem that is associated with increasing burdens for those affected, a massive impairment of quality of life and economic consequences. Incontinence is associated with a high level of shame, which in particular reduces the self-esteem of those being incontinent and leads to additional vulnerability. Those affected by incontinence often perceive incontinence and the care they receiveas humiliating, hence they can no longer control their own urination; nursing care and cleansing support then lead to additional dependency. People with incontinence in need of care not uncommonly experience a poor communication and many taboos surrounding the issue as well as the use of force when incontinence products are changed.

Aims and methods

This RCT aims to validate the benefits of using a digital assistance system to optimise incontinence care and to enable statements concerning the effect of the assistance technology on nursing and social structures and processes as well as on the quality of life from the perspective of the person in need of care. In a two-arm, stratified, randomised, controlled interventional study, primarily incontinence-affected residents of four inpatient nursing facilities will be examined (n = 80). One intervention group will be equipped with a sensor-based digital assistance system, which will transmit care-related information to the nursing staff (via smartphone). The collected data will be compared to the data of the control group. Primary endpoints are falls occurring; secondary endpoints are quality of life and sleep, sleep disturbances and material consumption. In addition, nursing staff (n = 15–20) will be interviewed regarding the effects, experience, acceptance and satisfaction.

Discussion

The RCT aims at the applicability and effect of assistance technologies on nursing structures and processes. It is assumed that, amongst other things, this technology may lead to a reduction of unnecessary checks and material changes, an improvement of life quality, an avoidance of sleep disturbances and thus an improvement of sleep quality as well as to a reduced risk of falling for people with incontinence in need of care. The further development of incontinence care systems is of social interest as this offers the prospect of improving the quality of care for nursing home residents with incontinence.

Trail registration

Approval of the RCT is granted by the Ethics Committee at the University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg (Reg.-Nr.: HSNB/190/22). This RCT is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register on July 8th, 2022, under the identification number DRKS00029635.
Maternal melatonin levels and temporal dietary intake: results from MY-CARE cohort study
Authors: Teoh Ai Ni , Kaur Satvinder , Shafie Siti Raihanah , Shukri Nurul Husna Mohd , Bustami Normina Ahmad , Takahashi Masaki , Shibata Shigenobu
Published: July 2023

Chrononutrition emerges as a novel approach to promote circadian alignment and metabolic health by means of time-of-the-day dietary intake. However, the relationship between maternal circadian rhythm and temporal dietary intake during pregnancy remains understudied. This study aimed to determine the change in melatonin levels in pregnant women across gestation and its association with temporal energy and macronutrient intake. This was a prospective cohort involving 70 healthy primigravidas. During the second and third trimesters, pregnant women provided salivary samples collected at 9:00, 15:00, 21:00, and 3:00 h over a 24 h day for melatonin assay. Data on chrononutrition characteristics were collected using a 3-day food record. Parameters derived from melatonin measurements including mean, amplitude, maximal level, area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCI), and area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCG) were computed. A rhythmic melatonin secretion over the day that remained stable across trimesters was observed among the pregnant women. There was no significant elevation in salivary melatonin levels as pregnancy advanced. In the second trimester, higher energy intake during 12:00–15:59 h and 19:00–06:59 h predicted a steeper melatonin AUCI (β=-0.32, p = 0.034) and higher AUCG (β = 0.26, p = 0.042), respectively. Macronutrient intake within 12:00–15:59 h was negatively associated with mean melatonin (Fat: β=-0.28, p = 0.041) and AUCG (Carbohydrate: β=-0.37, p = 0.003; Protein: β=-0.27, p = 0.036; Fat: β=-0.32, p = 0.014). As pregnant women progressed from the second to the third trimester, a flatter AUCI was associated with a reduced carbohydrate intake during 12:00–15:59 h (β=-0.40, p = 0.026). No significant association was detected during the third trimester. Our findings show that higher energy and macronutrient intakes particularly during 12:00–15:59 h and 19:00–06:59 h are associated with the disparities in maternal melatonin levels. Findings suggest the potential of time-based dietary approaches to entrain circadian rhythm in pregnant women.