bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study of Dalfampridine Extended-release in Transverse Myelitis
Authors: Schwartz Kateryna , Wymbs Nicholas F , Huang Hwa , Mealy Maureen A , Pardo Carlos A , Zackowski Kathleen , Levy Michael
Published: December 2017

Background

Dalfampridine has the potential to be effective in patients with transverse myelitis (TM) as this rare disorder shares some clinical and pathogenic similarities with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of dalfampridine extended-release (D-ER, Ampyra®). Sixteen adult study participants with monophasic TM confirmed by MRI were enrolled if their baseline timed 25-foot walking speed was between 5 and 60 seconds. Participants were randomized to receive 10 mg twice-daily doses of either D-ER or placebo control for eight weeks, then crossed over to the second arm of placebo or dalfampridine for eight weeks. The primary outcome measure was the timed 25-foot walk.

Results

Of 16 enrolled participants, three withdrew and 13 completed the trial. Among the 13 completers, nine individuals showed an average timed walk that was faster in the D-ER arm compared to the placebo arm, but only four participants met the stricter statistical threshold to be classified as a responder. Analyses of secondary clinical outcome measures including strength, balance assessments, spasticity, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score showed trends toward improvement with D-ER.

Conclusions

D-ER may be beneficial in TM to improve walking speed and other neurological functions.
Dehydration-hydration reactivity of laumontite: analyses and tests for easy detection
Authors: Bravo Arturo , Jerez Oscar , Kelm Ursula , Poblete Mauro
Published: December 2017

Hydration reactions are known to affect rock or aggregate stability in construction; laumontite is not usually considered to be a ‘problem-mineral’ though drill cores from the very low-grade metamorphic altered andesites and volcanoclastic rocks from Central Chile showed detachments of shotcrete in a tunnel exposed to periodic water flow, with expandable clay phases presumed to be responsible for the observed failure. Abundant laumontite detected in the cores may also be responsible for the detachment, however, resulting from the structural expansion and contraction in response to hydration and drying. Clay reactivity in construction projects is often tested on site by 30 days of ethylene glycol exposure, but adequate monitoring options for laumontite are not deployed. Options for laumontite characterization involving a combination of water immersion and slaking and modified oedometer-based expansibility tests were used here to observe the response to laumontite expansion pressure. All tests were formulated considering minimal implementation efforts for building sites or the easy availability of analytical and testing facilities.

Laumontite was identified by optical microscopy, semiquantitative X-ray diffraction, and automated mineralogical analysis. A combination of the latter two methods provided reliable information about the presence of sub-microscopic laumontite and a visual impression of the textural arrangement of the zeolite in the rock.

A slaking test based on four cycles of immersion followed by drying and final application of weight (simulated overburden) is best suited to indirect detection and for demonstrating rock reactivity due to the presence of laumontite. Rocks with laumontite show expansion when crushed, recompacted and fitted into an oedometer, but mineralogical information is required for adequate interpretation of the results.
Allogeneic Transplantation for Follicular Lymphoma: Does One Size Fit All?
Authors: Hamadani Mehdi , Horowitz Mary M.
Published: December 2017

Follicular lymphoma (FL) exhibits striking biologic and clinical heterogeneity. Patients with newly diagnosed asymptomatic or low-bulk disease may be observed or managed with immunotherapies alone. Chemoimmunotherapy is considered a standard treatment for patients with advanced, symptomatic disease. In patients with FL who achieve at least a partial remission after first-line chemoimmunotherapy, autologous (auto-) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) consolidation is not recommended; however, most patients with FL experience disease relapse after frontline therapies, with the experience of therapy failure within 2 years of first-line treatments predicting poor survival. Despite remarkable efficacy, even in patients who experience failure with other therapies, auto-HCT and allogeneic (allo-) HCT remain underutilized in relapsed/refractory FL, even among healthy and younger patients. Early use of auto-HCT consolidation should be considered a standard therapy option for high-risk patients who experience early failure of chemoimmunotherapy (< 2 years). For patients with FL who experience failure of frontline therapies late (> 2 years), deferring auto-HCT until later in the disease course is reasonable. Allo-HCT is best reserved for medically fit individuals with heavily pretreated disease, persistent marrow involvement, refractory, but low-bulk, disease, and in those who experience a failure to mobilize stem cells for auto-HCT. Allo-HCT is also a reasonable option for patients with FL who experience failure with a prior autograft; lower-intensity conditioning regimens and HLA-matched related donors are preferred in that setting. Future research should focus on the eradication of minimal residual disease before HCT and the prevention of disease relapse after HCT by integrating novel targeted agents into pre-HCT and post-HCT regimens.
Retract p < 0.005 and propose using JASP, instead
Authors: Perezgonzalez Jose D. , Frías-Navarro M. Dolores
Published: December 2017

Seeking to address the lack of research reproducibility in science, including psychology and the life sciences, a pragmatic solution has been raised recently:  to use a stricter p < 0.005 standard for statistical significance when claiming evidence of new discoveries. Notwithstanding its potential impact, the proposal has motivated a large mass of authors to dispute it from different philosophical and methodological angles. This article reflects on the original argument and the consequent counterarguments, and concludes with a simpler and better-suited alternative that the authors of the proposal knew about and, perhaps, should have made from their Jeffresian perspective: to use a Bayes factors analysis in parallel (e.g., via JASP) in order to learn more about frequentist error statistics and about Bayesian prior and posterior beliefs without having to mix inconsistent research philosophies.
Recommending Products and Services Belonging to Online Businesses Using Intelligent Agents
Authors: Alexandrescu Adrian , Butincu Cristian Nicolae , Craus Mitică
Published: December 2017

A sure method for a business organization to sell more products is to expand its customer base and to have its products recommended by other organizations and individuals. This paper takes a look at the techniques used by shopping websites in order to entice the user in purchasing their products, and proposes a system for recommending products and services provided by different online businesses to potential customers. The solution is built upon a service-oriented architecture that allows businesses to share information regarding customers’ purchases while taking into account the user privacy issue. Intelligent agents, which rely on a product type association dynamically weighted graph, are employed in order to obtain and to process the information needed to make the suggestions. The use of intelligent agents significantly improves the quality of the recommendations made by the system. This improvement is achieved by suggesting products and services depending on other users’ purchasing patterns while also considering the different product types and quantities sold by the business organizations that are part of the system.
Optimal Admission Control for Many-Server Systems with QED-Driven Revenues
Authors: Sanders Jaron , Borst S. C. , Janssen A. J. E. M. , Leeuwaarden J. S. H. van
Published: December 2017

We consider Markovian many-server systems with admission control operating in a Quality-and-Efficiency-Driven (QED) regime, where the relative utilization approaches unity while the number of servers grows large, providing natural Economies-of-Scale. In order to determine the optimal admission control policy, we adopt a revenue maximization framework, and suppose that the revenue rate attains a maximum when no customers are waiting and no servers are idling. When the revenue function scales properly with the system size, we show that a nondegenerate optimization problem arises in the limit. Detailed analysis demonstrates that the revenue is maximized by nontrivial policies that bar customers from entering when the queue length exceeds a certain threshold of the order of the typical square-root level variation in the system occupancy. We identify a fundamental equation characterizing the optimal threshold, which we extensively leverage to provide broadly applicable upper/lower bounds for the optimal threshold, establish its monotonicity, and examine its asymptotic behavior, all for general revenue structures. For linear and exponential revenue structures, we present explicit expressions for the optimal threshold.
Gender politics of the ‘war of narratives’: Russian TV-news in the times of conflict in Ukraine
Authors: Voronova Liudmila
Published: December 2017

This article focuses on the gender politics of the news broadcast on the Russian state-controlled TV channels – Channel One (Pervyj kanal), Russia-1 (Rossiya-1), Russia-24 (Rossiya-24), NTV and RT (formerly Russia Today) – from January to September 2015, a period when the TV news closely followed the conflict in Ukraine and the growing tensions between Russia and Europe. The study shows that the news on the state-controlled TV channels interpret the state politics in only one possible way – ascribing the most traditional and essentialist characteristics to the country, prioritizing male actors and military activities and suggesting no alternatives to ‘(re)masculinization’ of the image of Russia in the situation of the conflict on the territory of another state, despite the alleged disengagement of the country in it. The article concludes that the state-controlled TV channels use essentialist gendering as a part of nation-branding and nation-building strategies, with an aim to construct the gendered and intersectionalized ideology of the ‘Russian world’ that would target both internal and external audiences and go beyond the borders of the Russian Federation.
Papel de la familia en la educación sexual
Authors: Salgado Ruiz Alfonso
Published: December 2017

La educación sexual incluye la aceptación del cuerpo, la necesidad de emplearlo para la relación con otros y el descubrimiento de que buena parte de nuestra realidad individual, social y cultural es sexuada. Sexualidad es un término amplio y vivencial que debe tener siempre resonancias alegres, de crecimiento. La familia es la experiencia amorosa más genuina y cotidiana, y gracias al apego y la posibilidad de modelado es el entorno privilegiado para la educación sexual de una manera práctica.
Los trastornos internalizantes: un reto para padres y docentes
Authors: Lozano González Luis , Lozano Fernández Luis Manuel
Published: December 2017

Es fundamental visualizar los trastornos internalizantes en la infancia y adolescencia para poder usar las herramientas preventivas, de evaluación y de tratamiento necesarias. La razón fundamental es el enorme efecto negativo que ejercen sobre todos los ámbitos de la vida: académica, personal y social. Se exponen los datos existentes en la actualidad sobre las relaciones de estos trastornos en la infancia y adolescencia, así como sus posteriores efectos en la adultez. Asimismo, se plantean estrategias educativas para su abordaje.
Effective and efficient dynamic graph coloring
Authors: Yuan Long , Qin Lu , Lin Xuemin , Chang Lijun , Zhang Wenjie
Published: December 2017

Graph coloring is a fundamental graph problem that is widely applied in a variety of applications. The aim of graph coloring is to minimize the number of colors used to color the vertices in a graph such that no two incident vertices have the same color. Existing solutions for graph coloring mainly focus on computing a good coloring for a static graph. However, since many real-world graphs are highly dynamic, in this paper, we aim to incrementally maintain the graph coloring when the graph is dynamically updated. We target on two goals: high effectiveness and high efficiency. To achieve high effectiveness, we maintain the graph coloring in a way such that the coloring result is consistent with one of the best static graph coloring algorithms for large graphs. To achieve high efficiency, we investigate efficient incremental algorithms to update the graph coloring by exploring a small number of vertices. We design a color-propagation based algorithm which only explores the vertices within the 2-hop neighbors of the update-related and color-changed vertices. We then propose a novel color index to maintain some summary color information and, thus, bound the explored vertices within the neighbors of these vertices. Moreover, we derive some effective pruning rules to further reduce the number of propagated vertices. The experimental results demonstrate the high effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Bodily Capital and the Strength and Conditioning Professional
Authors: Edmonds Shaun
Published: December 2017

BOURDIEU'S THEORY OF DIFFERENCE IS A USEFUL SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY FOR EXPLORING THE WAYS IN WHICH A STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFESSIONAL'S PHYSICAL APPEARANCE MAY FACTOR IN TO ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS. THROUGH BOURDIEU'S CONCEPT OF BODILY CAPITAL, THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE WAYS IN WHICH THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF THE BODY IS OFTEN INTERPRETED AS A MARKER OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE. THE CONFLATION OF PHYSICAL APPEARANCE WITH COACHING AND TRAINING ABILITY HAS NUMEROUS ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS WITHIN THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING FIELD.
Combined Al-Si-Ca Treatment of EAF-VD Steel to Develop Replacements for Some ESR Steels with Comparable Quality, Lower Manufacturing Cost, and Environmental Impact
Authors: Riyahimalayeri Kamrooz
Published: December 2017

This research sets out to study the possibility of applying combined aluminum–silicon–calcium treatment of molten steel in conventionally manufactured electric arc furnace vacuum degassed steel grades. The studied melts were intentionally engineered to have the lowest possible amount of defects that were designed to be the least detrimental to the final product properties and then cast into ingots with optimized size and shape to reach a very high cleanliness, low segregation, and high material isotropy in products that were forged with a total reduction ratio of less than ten. A set of extra quality assurance operations was also added to the production process of these products to ensure their final superior quality. To evaluate the final outcomes of these operations, several through-hardening steels and carburizing steels used in bearing manufacturing and tool steel grades used in hot and cold tool/die manufacturing that were treated accordingly were chosen and analyzed for their micro/macro cleanliness, elemental segregation, and impact toughness at different sampling directions. These results were compared to those achieved from analyzing some electro-slag remelted (ESR) steels according to the same testing procedure. The final evaluations revealed that it is possible to manufacture a number of steel grades by means of an electric arc furnace–vacuum degasser process that fulfill the quality requirements that are traditionally known to be specific for some ESR steels. These findings could lead to some steel grades that are manufactured with less total cost of manufacturing, less negative impact on the environment, and a higher sourcing possibility compared with similar ESR grades.
New Class of High-Speed Steels for Aero Rolling Bearings
Authors: Allison Bryan D. , Coudert Jean-Baptiste , Guétard Gaël , Mondelin Alexandre , Vermoere Renaud , André Johanna , Bellus Jacques , Maheo Yves
Published: December 2017

The load-carrying demands for rolling bearing components are constantly increasing and the bearing materials are required to be progressively durable. The industry is familiar with incremental rolling bearing material improvements and these are well documented. The testing of powder metallurgy high-speed steel (HSS) grades started in the 1970s. The introduction of high cleanliness steel melting, refining, and powder atomization, with consolidation by cold and hot isostatic pressing, resulted in a significant improvement in the metallurgical integrity of powder metallurgy steel HSSs. Cobalt-free HSS based on M62 composition steel (VIM CRU 20) yielded improvements in the rolling bearing function properties. The push for higher load capacities, particularly to support the use of ceramic rolling elements, meant that a new ultra-high hardness class of steel is desired. Cobalt alloying of HSSs is well established for tooling but not for bearings. An HSS with a 10 % cobalt addition has been tested with the aim to use it for demanding aerospace applications. In this paper, the microstructure of the steel (Aerospace Material Specification 6560) has been investigated together with its rolling bearing functional properties. The obtained results are compared to the industry standard vacuum induction melting–vacuum arc refining M50 (Aerospace Material Specification 6490).
Influence of Material and Heat Treatment on the Formation of WECs on Test Rig FE8
Authors: Blass Toni , Trojahn Werner , Merk Daniel
Published: December 2017

White etching cracks (WECs), or white structure flaking, is a failure phenomenon that has been reported as emerging in rolling bearing parts for more than the past two decades. This failure mode appears only if, in addition to the normal Hertzian load, a so-called additional load is applied. WECs can occur regardless of the bearing type and size and in both oil- and grease-lubricated bearings. By modifying the testing conditions of an FE8 type test rig, it is possible to alter the failure mechanism from classical wear failures to WEC formations. This allows for easy, fast, and reproducible testing of materials and heat treatment variants to check their WEC formation propensity. This paper explains the methodology of testing on a FE8 test rig, the subsequent failure analysis, and the testing results. The tested components are produced from a wide range of commonly used bearing materials that in these tests are through hardened variants of low and high alloyed steels, case carburized steel with high retained austenite content, and inductive hardened quenched and tempered steel. In addition to the spread in the base materials with different contents of carbon and alloying elements, the variations in materials and heat treatments offer the possibility of significantly varying the content of retained austenite and the residual stress distribution. The results show that all the tested low alloyed materials fail with the WEC mechanism, whereas a significant increase in lifetime can be observed in terms of inductive hardened quenched and tempered steel. Only the nitrogen alloyed stainless steel Cronidur 30 demonstrates an outstanding performance without WEC formation.
Prospective Study to Determine Possible Correlation between Rolling Contact Fatigue and Currently Common Cleanliness Evaluation Methods and Submerged Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Nazarenus Sergej , Praschko Steffen
Published: December 2017

Bearings move the world. Consequently, these products are among the most important elements in all kinds of technical systems. The evaluation of the lifetime of bearing elements is usually carried out based on rolling contact fatigue tests or rotating fatigue tests. For both of these tests, sample preparation requires hot rolled bars. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH has the equipment to evaluate the steel quality in a billet condition by using ultrasonic immersion technology. While producing the material for customers, the steel is controlled in a bar condition. Using the ultrasonic immersion technology, the billets can be evaluated according to the customer requirements at a very early stage in production, namely before rolling. This enhances the availability of tailor-made steel products for our customers. Continuously cast steel with a casting cross section that is 265 mm2 is rolled out to so-called “surfboards” and to steel bars. The surfboards are evaluated by ultrasonic immersion technology (as was presented by Wilke in 2014 at the 10th ASTM International Symposium on Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings). An overview of the investigation status will be given in this presentation/study. The steel bars are checked by ultrasonic immersion technology as well as by conventional microscopic measurement methods. Many studies have used conventional measurement methods to analyze the cleanliness properties of bearings that failed in fatigue life tests. They have tried to find a possible correlation between fatigue life test results and the results from conventional cleanliness evaluation methods. However, previous analyses have not led to 100 % satisfactory results. This study represents an attempt to determine a possible correlation between the lifetime of a bearing by means of fatigue life test results and the results of cleanliness tests carried out on the steel bars.
Developments in Large Size Round Bloom Rolling Bearing Steels
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Liu Jigang , Chen Ru , Xiao Lijun , Wang Peng , Munther Hans-Åke
Published: December 2017

In order to satisfy the demands of the energy industry, aiming at clean and efficient energy production, a project was started in 2006 at Jiangyin Xingcheng Special Steel Works, focusing on improved bearing steels for power generation and wind turbines. The developments resulted in a capability to supply large size round blooms in the range of 280 mm to 1,000 mm in diameter with high metallurgical cleanliness and suitable homogeneity; these parameters are essential for bearing steels. The process steps from hot metal to finished bloom are described; many have been fine-tuned to meet or exceed application requirements. By optimizing the superheat, casting speed, cooling speed, and temperature in the continuous casting machine straightening zone, the casting defect rejection rate was less than 0.1 % in 2015. The details of the process developments and related metallurgical quality characteristics are described in this paper.
Relationship between Hot Workability and Center Segregation in Bearing Steel
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Kim Sungyu , Kerrigan Aidan
Published: December 2017

The inner and outer rings of taper roller bearings made of 100Cr6 bearing steel are usually hot forged prior to subsequent manufacturing operations. During hot forging, the workpiece is subjected to high temperature and heavy deformation. Therefore, the requirement for hot workability—the ability to be deformed under hot forming conditions—and its relationship to center segregation are of vital importance. This paper summarizes the findings of an investigation relating to a quality issue where cracks were detected in the bore area of inner rings. A metallurgical inspection showed that melting at the grain boundaries had occurred both at and beneath the crack surface. Efforts were then made to reduce the temperature increase caused by the additional heat generated during the hot forging process. However, this temperature increase could not be eliminated. Therefore, it is essential that the steel itself should be suitable for the hot forging process. In other words it should meet certain requirements for hot workability. In order to compare the hot workability of 100Cr6 steel from different steelmaking process routes, a simple but effective test was carried out by hot forging steel blanks at different forging temperatures. It quickly became apparent that the specific steelmaking process route used for the aforementioned inner rings produced the lowest hot workability. Further investigations were performed by means of a Gleeble test to quantify the hot workability in relation to the center segregation level.
Electrochemical Corrosion Test Methods for Rapid Assessment of Aerospace Bearing Steel Performance
Authors: Kvryan Armen , Faulkner Emma , Lysne Drew , Carter Nicholas , Acharya Sanjeev , Rafla Veronica , Trivedi Hitesh K. , Hurley Michael F.
Published: December 2017

High-performance mechanical systems (bearings and gears) in advanced gas turbine engines are required to operate at ever-increasing operating speeds, temperatures, and loads. Premature failure by corrosion pitting is a major concern in aerospace systems operating in marine environments. To effectively assess the corrosion resistance of candidate heat treatments, a rapid screening test is needed. Electrochemical corrosion testing was performed to rank the relative performance of conventional bearing steels including 440C, American Iron and Steel Institute vacuum induction melting vacuum arc remelting 52100, M50, and M50NiL.Other steels in this study include Pyrowear 675, T15, CSS-42L, Cronidur 30, XD15N, and steels with various heat treatments. Existing corrosion testing methods such as the ASTM standards ASTM B117, Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus, ASTM G31, Standard Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals, and ASTM G5, Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements, lack sensitivity or have too much variability to adequately determine differences in corrosion performance among bearing steels with elevated chromium content. Testing for this study utilized anodic polarization scans and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy scans in simulated synthetic seawater to provide a way to rapidly screen the corrosion resistance. All testing was conducted in aqueous solutions at the free corrosion potential. Electrochemical testing in aviation lubricants is ineffective due to the very high solution resistivity. However, an aqueous solution provided a method to accelerate corrosion initiation that is similar to the processes that occur in-engine and was determined to be an effective method to rapidly obtain a relative ranking of corrosion resistance of the bearing steel variants considered. A ranking of bearing steels was developed, with CSS-42L and 52100 having the highest corrosion rate while the steels 440C, CR30, XD15N, and Pyrowear 675 (CN-A) had the lowest corrosion rates.
Applying Finite Element Analysis to Determine the Subsurface Stress and Temperature Gradient in Highly Loaded Bearing Contacts
Authors: Forster Nelson H. , Peters Steven M. , Chin Herbert A. , Poplawski Joseph V. , Homan Robert J.
Published: December 2017

The stress and temperature gradient in the classic subsurface stress zone for rolling contact fatigue is determined using finite element analysis. The solution applies boundary conditions based on experimental life testing of 208 size ball bearings. Two thrust loads are considered to produce elastic Hertzian contact stress values of 3.10 and 3.58 GPa. X-ray diffraction data were used to superimpose the residual stress for a case carburized M50 NiL as compared to through hardened M50 material. An updated version of the Computer Optimized Ball and Roller Bearing Analysis, or COBRA, bearing analytical code was used to determine the heat load from friction and oil churning loss in the bearings. The effect of hybrid bearings with metal rings and silicon nitride rolling elements versus all metal bearings is considered in the thermal solution and is notable. Results of the stress and temperature gradient found in the bearings are used to provide a qualitative assessment of the microstructural damage found in experimental bearing testing. The results provide a foundation for a more comprehensive bearing rolling contact fatigue life model.
Fatigue Life Performance of Hybrid Angular Contact Pyrowear 675 Bearings
Authors: Trivedi Hitesh K. , Rosado Lewis , Gerardi David T. , Givan Garry D. , McCoy Bryan
Published: December 2017

This research presents fatigue life test results for several versions of 208-size (40-mm bore) Pyrowear 675 angular contact bearings. Results with different heat treatments of the Pyrowear 675 materials in a hybrid configuration (silicon nitride rolling elements) are compared to all-metal AISI M50, hybrid AISI M50, and hybrid AISI M50NiL configurations. Bearings were tested for rolling contact fatigue life at an applied thrust load of 22,250 N resulting in maximum Hertzian contact stress values of 3.10 (all metal) and 3.55 (hybrid) GPa. Rolling contact fatigue life testing was conducted at 128°C using a gas turbine engine lubricant conforming to MIL-PRF-23699G. All versions of hybrid Pyrowear 675 bearings showed significant improvement in fatigue life compared to baseline M50 and M50NiL bearing materials. After testing, selected bearings were analyzed for tribofilms using Auger electron spectroscopy. Auger electron spectroscopy showed phosphorus-rich tribofilm formation on the Pyrowear 675 bearing contact zones. The results suggest that the tricresyl phosphate antiwear additive used in current gas turbine lubricant formulations positively reacts with Pyrowear 675 surfaces and shows no detrimental effect on fatigue life at the test conditions studied here.
The Effect of Nonmetallic Inclusions on Bending Fatigue Performance in High-Strength Steels
Authors: Glaws Peter C. , Burnett Michael E.
Published: December 2017

Rotating bending fatigue tests were conducted on three sets of quench and tempered 4140 steel samples, representing three distinctly different inclusion populations: high oxygen/low sulfur, low oxygen/high sulfur, and low oxygen/low sulfur. The inclusion populations for the three sample sets were characterized using both a scanning electron microscope-based image analysis system, primarily for the micro-inclusions, and a high-resolution ultrasonic system for the macro-inclusions. All three sample sets were evaluated using both longitudinally and transverse-oriented specimens in the rotating bending tests. The transverse samples displayed significantly lower fatigue performance (approximately 50 % lower fatigue strength values) than the longitudinal samples. Furthermore, the high sulfur sample set clearly had the lowest performance in the transverse orientation. Although there was more scatter with the data on the longitudinal samples, the high oxygen sample set had a lower fatigue strength and a higher percentage of failures initiating at subsurface oxides than the other two sample sets.
Nationwide multicenter study on the management of pulmonary neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors
Authors: Sadowski Samira M , Christ Emanuel , Bédat Benoit , Kollár Attila , Karenovics Wolfram , Perren Aurel , Triponez Frédéric , _ _
Published: December 2017

Background and aim

To analyze the management and outcome of patients with primary typical (TC) and atypical lung carcinoids (AC) in Switzerland.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients selected from a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) registry. Patients were divided into TC and AC according to pathology reports, and surgical procedures were grouped as wedge/segmentectomy, lobectomy/bilobectomy and pneumectomy. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test.

Results

Over 7 years, 113 pulmonary carcinoids (61.9% females, mean age 59.4 years) were included from 19 hospitals, with pathology data on Ki67 and necrosis incomplete in 16 cases. Eighty-three TC and 14 AC underwent surgical resection with a primary tumor size of median 14.5 (range 1–80) mm and diagnosis was established in 55.8% at surgery. Mean follow-up was 30.2 ± 23.1 months. Lobectomy was performed in 54.2% and wedge resection in 17.7% of cases. Six patients received additional systemic therapy. There was a trend for larger primary lesion size and a significantly higher rate of N2–N3 status in AC. Mean survival tended to be increased in patients with TC compared to AC (86.1 vs 48.4 months, P = 0.06) and mean disease-free interval after surgical resection was 74.1 and 48.3 months for TC and AC, respectively (P = 0.74).

Conclusion

AC of the lung has a more malignant behavior and a trend to a worse outcome. The results of this registry reinforce the need for standardized histological diagnosis and inter-disciplinary therapeutic decision making to improve the quality of care of patients with TC and AC.
Prospects in elongation of railway transition curves
Authors: Chrostowski Piotr , Koc Wladyslaw , Palikowska Katarzyna
Published: December 2017

The paper presents an analysis of the elongation of transition curves in relation to railway track alignment correction and modernisation. The analysis is based on numerical computations for a wide range of parameters describing a typical railway geometrical layout with transition curves. The differences between the horizontal ordinates of the existing layout and the layout with the elongated transition curves are evaluated and assessed. The analytical model comprises formulated appropriate theoretical dependencies for each characteristic zone of the layout. The impacts of a circular arc radius and a route intersection angle on the elongation process are considered. Based on the theoretical assumptions, an effective numerical algorithm for comparative analysis of the transition curves’ elongation variants is developed. The value of a new circular arc radius is determined in an optimisation process. For this purpose, the indicators for process evaluation and the constraints determining the feasibility of the design variants are defined.
Afirmar la autonomía reproductiva en la disidencia religiosa
Authors: Fuentes Belgrave Laura
Published: December 2017

El derecho a la autonomía reproductiva, comprendido como el acceso a la maternidad libre, voluntaria y responsable se enfrenta en Costa Rica y Nicaragua a la oposición de dogmas cristianos transformados en leyes. En este mismo escenario político donde la Iglesia católica y las Iglesias evangélicas son las protagonistas, aparecen grupos minoritarios que reivindican un discurso cristiano que incorpora total o parcialmente los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. Estas “disidencias religiosas” se involucran directamente en la cotidianidad de las mujeres y pueden representar alianzas políticas potenciales para el movimiento feminista.
CKD and AKD after AKI v1
Authors: Stigare Claire , Ravn Bo , Awad Aki , Torlén Klara , Bottai Matteo , Mårtensson Johan , Martling Claes-Roland , Bell Max
Published: December 2017

Follow-up study determining renal function after AKI
Characterizing the Natural Temperature and Humidity Environment Severity
Authors: Aldridge Dustin S.
Published: December 2017

Severe yet common product environmental tests are 1000 hours at 85 °C/85% RH or 95 °C/95% RH for products, circuit card assemblies, and electronic components. Such environments never occur naturally; however, they attempt to simulate the corrosion damage that could be expected in service. To what natural environment do these tests correlate? Further, how do tests based on MIL-HDBK-310, MIL-STD-810, and STANAG 2895 B3 daily environments compare to these standard test environments? The analysis employs the Physics-of-Failure (POF) Peck power law temperature-humidity model with common conservative values for the Arrhenius activation energy and the relative humidity exponent, based on aluminum corrosion, coupled with climatological data from 49 United States weather stations and 19 international locations. The monthly average temperature and humidity extremes were transformed into an hourly diurnal cycle assumed to occur every day of each month. Using the power law model the equivalent time at the test condition was calculated for each day, and summed for each month and location. The 85 °C/85% RH test can be correlated with about 10 years in a hot and moist natural environment, such as Singapore, with 1000 hours of 95 °C/95% RH exposure equivalent to 25 years. Long-term tests based on the worst-case diurnal temperature and humidity cycles in military standards are on the order of 1 in 1,000,000 probability of occurrence in nature.
Recensión: Carlos Garrido, A Traduçom do ensino e divulgaçom da ciência
Authors: Baxter Robert Neal
Published: December 2017

Recensión: Carlos Garrido, A Traduçom do ensino e divulgaçom da ciência. Vigo, Servizo de Publicacións da Universidade de Vigo. 2016, 448 páxinas.
Recensión: Eirín García, Leticia, A visión do amor no cancioneiro de Don Denis. Estudo e edición de 33 cantigas de amor
Authors: Pichel Gotérrez Ricardo
Published: December 2017

Recensión: Eirín García, Leticia, A visión do amor no cancioneiro de Don Denis. Estudo e edición de 33 cantigas de amor. A Coruña: Edicións Laiovento (Col. Ensaio). 2015, 286 páxinas.
Mujeres y pobreza: una discusión entre universalismo y el paternalismo
Authors: Rivera Sanín María Lucía
Published: December 2017

 La discusión sobre la justicia en relación con la calidad de vida constituye un aporte significativo de la teoría de las capacidades propuesta por Amartya Sen y Martha Nussbaum. Dicha teoría propone la existencia de necesidades y umbrales mínimos de bienestar para todos los seres humanos, y defiende un universalismo de las consideraciones sobre lo justo y lo injusto. Este universalismo, sin embargo, despierta preguntas sobre la posibilidad de un paternalismo que contradiga los cimientos liberales de la propuesta. A partir de un análisis de las relaciones y tensiones entre el liberalismo político y la teoría de las capacidades, este escrito expondrá algunas reflexiones basadas en el tratamiento que Martha Nussbaum hace de la circunstancia de las mujeres pobres en la India.
Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre higiene das mãos no ambiente hospitalar
Authors: Soares Nayara Ramos Moreira , De Souza Delvane José , Ferreira Maria Beatriz Guimarães , De Senne Eva Claudia Venâncio , Paiva Luciana , Contim Divanice
Published: December 2017

Trata-se de estudo seccional, de abordagem quantitativa, com o objetivo de avaliar os conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas da equipe de enfermagem sobre higienização das mãos (HM). Pesquisou-se 135 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário que responderam ao Questionário de Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas relacionadas à higiene das mãos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva univariada. Todos os participantes da investigação (100%) acreditam que a HM é um procedimento importante na prevenção de infecção e mais de 50% consideram a sobrecarga de trabalho e o número reduzido de dispensadores de álcool gel como obstáculos à HM na prática clínica diária. A criação de parcerias com o Serviço de Educação em Enfermagem (SEE) e Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar da instituição de estudo são considerados facilitadores para que os profissionais aprimorem os conhecimentos e esclareçam dúvidas sobre HM.
La protección del medio ambiente a través de los delitos acumulativos en el Derecho penal colombiano
Authors: Jiménez Cabarcas Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2017

El artículo se encuentra dirigido al estudio de los delitos acumulativos, siendo esta una figura jurídico penal, que se erige como una alternativa instituida por el Derecho penal moderno, encaminada a la atribución de responsabilidad penal, desafiando los postulados dispuestos por la ciencia penal clásica, con la finalidad de satisfacer las exigencias sociales, de penalización de sujetos que realicen comportamientos que de cualquier modo atenten contra el medioambiente. Para lo cual, se aborda la importancia que la sociedad posmoderna le ha atribuido al medioambiente, de manera que resulta para los Estados un bien jurídico de tal importancia, que no en pocos eventos, se recurre al empleo del poder punitivo para su resguardo jurídico, destacando que la protección del medioambiente por la vía penal es un fenómeno que ha cobrado importancia a nivel global en las últimas décadas. Así mismo, se cubren los esfuerzos que se deben hacer para que dicha aplicación sancionatoria no resulte en un desconocimiento de derechos fundamentales reconocidos y garantizados por el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. Para ello, se indaga en los orígenes de esta figura jurídica, en su contexto, contrastándola con las circunstancias jurídicas en las que el poder punitivo se aplica en Colombia, recalcando que en el orden jurídico local existen principios, como el de antijuridicidad material, el cual tiene como núcleo la efectiva protección de bienes jurídicos, que resultan irrenunciables, valorándose las implicaciones que trae consigo la aplicación de sanciones a través de los delitos acumulativos, a la luz de estos principios fundamentales.
A ubiquidade das artes nos ambientes virtuais de contemplação: imergindo na Pinacoteca do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Lima Fábio Rogério Batista , Santos Plácida Leopoldina Ventura Amorim da Costa
Published: December 2017

As contínuas mudanças tecnológicas afetam diretamente as relações de trabalho, família, comunidade, nos quais o lugar e o espaço deixam de ser concretos e absolutos e passam a ser, segundo o pensador polonês Zygmunt Bauman, “líquidos e relativos”. Estudamos o museu de artes Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo, a partir das heurísticas da Arquitetura da Informação Pervasiva (AIP). O estudo de caráter teórico e de nível descritivo e exploratório teve como base a observação sistemática qualitativa da bibliografia coletada. Como resultado, concluímos que as heurísticas da Arquitetura da Informação Pervasiva podem servir de subsídio na práxis de futuras elaborações de Arquitetura da Informação Pervasiva, direcionadas aos ambientes virtuais de contemplação das artes.
Em nome da moral e dos bons costumes: censura a livros com temática de gênero no Brasil do século XXI
Authors: Souza Willian Eduardo Righini de
Published: December 2017

Verifica-se, nos últimos anos, um crescente debate, seja na imprensa, nas redes sociais ou nas casas legislativas de todo o Brasil, sobre a “ideologia de gênero”. A partir do discurso de que esta “ideologia” seria uma “ameaça à família”, “a Deus”, “à moral e aos bons costumes”, políticos conservadores têm tentado aprovar leis para impedir a discussão nas escolas de temas relacionados ao conceito de gênero, incluindo nesta proibição o acesso a livros, didáticos ou ficcionais. Considerando esse quadro, apresenta-se uma revisão de literatura que relaciona os estudos de gênero e as pesquisas sobre censura no Brasil com o objetivo de investigar se tais ações políticas e práticas discursivas são uma novidade, como a expressão “ideologia de gênero”, ou se suas justificativas e consequências apresentam uma continuidade com outros momentos da história do país. Conclui-se que as tentativas de censura a livros que questionam a moral sexual dominante são uma realidade ao menos desde o Estado Novo e que os argumentos utilizados contra determinadas fontes de informação se assemelham ao longo do século XX e início do XXI. Alerta-se ainda para o risco do emprego de expressões vagas e obscuras que podem promover a censura, mesmo quando ela não está definida explicitamente em lei.
Prima salarial al uso de computadora en el trabajo. Evidencia de microdatos para México
Authors: Félix-Verduzco Gustavo , Torres García Aldo Josafat
Published: December 2017

Antecedentes: Se contrasta la hipótesis de existencia de una prima salarial con el uso de computadora en el trabajo. Hasta ahora la mayoría de los estudios se han enfocado en países desarrollados y muy pocos en países en desarrollo.Métodos: Se estiman ecuaciones salariales con efectos mixtos que incorporan características de trabajadores y empleadores que controlan la heterogeneidad regional de los mercados laborales. También se utiliza un método alternativo para calcular las diferencias salariales mediante técnicas de emparejamiento.Resultados: La evidencia, con información de 2006 y 2014, es favorable a la hipótesis. Las estimaciones más modestas indican una prima entre 17 y 19% para los usuarios más intensivos.Conclusiones: La aceptación significa que la computadora es parte del cambio tecnológico que aumenta la productividad, lo que incentiva a empleadores a pagar una prima a los trabajadores habilitados. Indica, además, para el país la importancia de reducir la brecha digital tanto en trabajadores capacitados como en empresas que adopten la tecnología.
Stat Nano Applied and Industrial Series (SNAIS)
Authors: Sharafodinzadeh Saba , Bakhshayesh Amirmahmoud
Published: December 2017

The present report is devoted to provide a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the applications of nanotechnology in the textile industrial sector, as a considerable area in which incremental nanotechnology keeps up with growing consumer demands. Except as otherwise specifically referred, the information, analyses, and characterizations available in this publication are produced according to the desk analysis of data recorded in Nanotechnology Products Database (NPD) by Jan 2017. This program commissions by Statnano to build up a searchable database of nanotechnology consumer products available in global markets. As an online data and analysis repository giving users an inventory of consumer products information in distinct industrial sectors in general and the textile industrial sector in particular, NPD monitors, collects, processes, and disseminates information about nanotechnology development and policies in different countries all over the world.
Intra-Articular Patellar Dislocation: A Technique for Closed Reduction
Authors: Wight Lachlan , James Dugal
Published: December 2017

Case:

An 87-year-old man fell onto a flexed knee and sustained a closed intra-articular patellar dislocation. A closed reduction was performed under intravenous sedation by flexing the knee to 90°, applying an anterior drawer force to the tibia, and applying pressure to the inferior pole of the patella. The day after reduction, weight-bearing was begun in a hinged brace set at 0° to 90°. Full function was regained by 6 weeks postreduction.

Conclusion:

Intra-articular patellar dislocation may present as an unusual cause of a locked knee. Our experience confirms that it can be managed successfully with closed reduction under light sedation in an emergency department.
Role of Bark Color on Stem Temperature and Carbohydrate Management during Dormancy Break in Persian Walnut
Authors: Tixier Aude , Roxas Adele Amico , Godfrey Jessie , Saa Sebastian , Lightle Dani , Maillard Pauline , Lampinen Bruce , Zwieniecki Maciej A.
Published: December 2017

Temperature is assumed to be the principal regulatory signal that determines the end of dormancy and resumption of growth. Indirect evidence that stem temperature interferes with phenology comes from the common orchard practice of painting stems to protect them from disease. This work studies the effects of application of white paint to the stems of persian walnut (Juglans regia) trees on winter stem temperature, carbohydrate content, and spring phenology. Painting bark resulted in the delay of budbreak by several days, higher nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations in the bark and wood of painted extension shoots and changes in the spatial gradients of NSC during budbreak. The demands of maintenance respiration exceeded mobilization from local carbon pools during bud development suggesting a potential role of carbohydrate transport during spring budbreak in persian walnut. Painting provides an exciting perspective for mitigating effects of milder winter in orchards. The effect of reducing diurnal and spatial temperature variability limits early budbreak, NSC depletion associated with intense maintenance respiration, freeze–thaw cycles and frost dehardening.