bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicon sub-wavelength grating based scalable selective higher order mode pass filter for dual-band operation
Authors: Islam Maruful , Rahman Md. Atiqur , Jahed Mohammad , Dey Jewel , Alam Md. Shah , Ahmmed Kazi Tanvir
Published: January 2025

In this work, two mode pass filters (MPF) have been demonstrated using silicon sub-wavelength grating (SSWG) structures to selectively pass TE1 and TE2 modes for dual-band operation (O-band and C-band). These MPFs utilize waveguides embedded with nano-dimensional grating along with SWG waveguides as a novel approach to increase the mode extinction ratio (MER). Our analysis shows that the TE1 MPF effectively blocks unwanted modes with outstanding mode rejection. At the same time, the desired TE1 mode travels with excess losses (EL) of 2.19 dB at 1310 nm and 0.47 dB at 1550 nm. The TE2 MPF shows similar suppression for undesired modes with ELs of 0.74 dB and 0.815 dB at 1310 nm and 1550 nm, respectively. Fabrication tolerance analysis shows that our proposed structures are tolerant within ±20 nm dimensional variation. This approach can also be applied to design dual-band mode-selective filters that deal with more than three modes, showing its scalability.
Probing an auxiliary laser to tune the repetition rate of a soliton microcomb
Authors: Mahmood Tanvir , Cahill James P. , Sykes Patrick , Courtright Logan , Wu Lue , Vahala Kerry J. , Menyuk Curtis R. , Zhou Weimin
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate that it is possible to linearly tune the repetition rate of a bright soliton comb that is generated using an Si3N4 microring resonator by linearly varying the frequency of an auxiliary heater laser. Hence, the auxiliary laser can be utilized as a linear active feedback element for stabilizing the repetition rate. We investigated the potential of the auxiliary laser as an actuator of the soliton repetition rate by varying the auxiliary laser frequency at different modulation rates. Within the modulation bandwidth of the laser, we find that the variation ratio, defined as the ratio of the change in the repetition rate to the change in the laser frequency, remains unchanged. This variation ratio also quantifies the correlation between the frequency drift of the auxiliary laser and the repetition rate phase noise and makes it possible to examine the impact of frequency drift on the attainable phase noise performance of the soliton microcomb. For our setup, we find that the repetition rate phase noise of the microcomb below a 1-kHz offset from the carrier is dominated by the frequency drift of the auxiliary laser, which emphasizes the importance of deploying an inherently low-phase-noise laser when auxiliary laser heating technique is utilized.
Comparative study of spectral broadening and few-cycle compression of Yb:KGW laser pulses in gas-filled hollow-core fibers
Authors: Shalaby Islam , McDonnell Michael , Murphy Colin , Chakraborty Nisnat , Gray Kody , Wood James , Biswas Dipayan , Sandhu Arvinder
Published: January 2025

While industrial-grade Yb-based amplifiers have become very prevalent, their limited gain bandwidth has created a large demand for robust spectral broadening techniques that allow for few-cycle pulse compression. In this work, we perform a comparative study between several atomic and molecular gases as media for spectral broadening in a hollow-core fiber geometry. Exploiting nonlinearities such as self-phase modulation, self-steepening, and stimulated Raman scattering, we explore the extent of spectral broadening and its dependence on gas pressure, the critical power for self-focusing, and the optimal regime for few-cycle pulse compression. Using a 3-mJ, 200-fs input laser pulses, we achieve 17 fs, few-cycle pulses with 80% fiber energy transmission efficiency. The optimal parameters can be scaled for higher or lower input pulse energies with appropriate gas parameters and fiber geometry.
Determinants of viral haemorrhagic fever risk in Africa’s tropical moist forests: A scoping review of spatial, socio-economic, and environmental factors
Authors: Sopbué Kamguem Inès , Kirschvink Nathalie , Wade Abel , Linard Catherine
Published: January 2025

Background

Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are identified by international health authorities as priorities for research and development, as they pose a threat to global health and economy. VHFs are zoonotic diseases whose acute forms in humans present a haemorrhagic syndrome and shock, with mortality rates of up to 90%. This work aims at synthetizing existing knowledge on spatial and spatially aggregable determinants that support the emergence and maintenance of VHFs in African countries covered by tropical moist forest, to better identify and map areas at risk.

Methodology/principal findings

Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, extension for scoping reviews, we searched the PubMed, Embase, CAB Abstracts, and Scopus databases. English and French peer-reviewed documents were retrieved using Boolean logic and keyword search terms. The analysis of 79 articles published between 1993 and 2023 offers a comprehensive overview of the complex interactions among abiotic, biotic, demographic, socio-economic, cultural, and political risk factors in driving the emergence and maintenance of VHFs in African countries covered by tropical moist forests. Human-to-human transmission is mainly driven by socio-economic, political, and demographic factors, whereas zoonotic spillover is determined by almost all groups of factors, especially those of an anthropogenic nature.

Conclusions/significance

Many questions remain unanswered regarding the epidemiology of VHFs in tropical forests. By elucidating spatially relevant determinants which have already been studied, this review seeks to advance VHFs hotspot predictions, risk mapping for disease surveillance and control systems improvement.
Synergistic development of intangible cultural heritage and tourism industry: Empirical experiences from Jilin, China
Authors: Lv Jing , Chai Yuanlu , Hu Xinyue
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the Jilin region of China, conducting a multidimensional assessment of the current state of the synergistic development between Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) and the tourism industry in the area. The objective is to explore the issues surrounding the coordinated development of ICH and the tourism sector. The findings are as follows: 1) The overall coupling degree between the ICH and tourism systems in the Jilin region is 0.7851, with 91.99% of the indicators falling within the high correlation range and 8.01% within the very high correlation range, indicating a strong coupling effect between the two systems; 2) Structural coupling analysis shows that the coupling degree is highest in Changchun City and weakest in Baicheng City. In Changchun, the proportions of indicators in Quadrant I (maintain current status) are 50%, 50%, and 54.84%, respectively, while in Baicheng, the proportions in Quadrant II (priority improvement) reach 50%, 63.5%, and 47.5%, respectively; 3) Dynamic coupling analysis reveals that from 2008 to 2022, the ICH and tourism systems in the Jilin region exhibited a trend of coordinated development. This study not only confirms the synergistic relationship between ICH and the tourism industry, enriching theoretical research in this field, but also provides practical guidance for other regions seeking to achieve coordinated development between ICH and tourism, thereby holding significant practical value.
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) gB dictates a low-pH endocytotic entry pathway as revealed by a dual-fluorescent virus system and a rhesus monkey rhadinovirus expressing KSHV gB
Authors: Liu Shanchuan , Schlagowski Sarah , Großkopf Anna K. , Khizanishvili Natalia , Yang Xiaoliang , Wong Scott W. , Guzmán Elina M. , Backovic Marija , Scribano Stefano , Cordsmeier Arne , Ensser Armin , Hahn Alexander S.
Published: January 2025

Interaction with host cell receptors initiates internalization of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) particles. Fusion of viral and host cell membranes, which is followed by release of the viral capsid into the cytoplasm, is executed by the core fusion machinery composed of glycoproteins H (gH), L (gL), and B (gB), that is common to all herpesviruses. KSHV infection has been shown to be sensitive to inhibitors of vacuolar acidification, suggestive of low pH as a fusion trigger. To analyze KSHV entry at the single particle level we developed dual-fluorescent recombinant KSHV strains that incorporate fluorescent protein-tagged glycoproteins and capsid proteins. In addition, we generated a hybrid rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) that expresses KSHV gB in place of RRV gB to analyze gB-dependent differences in infection pathways. We demonstrated lytic reactivation and infectivity of dual-fluorescent KSHV. Confocal microscopy was used to quantify co-localization of fluorescently-tagged glycoproteins and capsid proteins. Using the ratio of dual-positive KSHV particles to single-positive capsids as an indicator of fusion events we established KSHV fusion kinetics upon infection of different target cells with marked differences in the “time-to-fusion” between cell types. Inhibition of vesicle acidification prevented KSHV particle-cell fusion, implicating low vesicle pH as a requirement. These findings were corroborated by comparison of RRV-YFP wildtype reporter virus and RRV-YFP encoding KSHV gB in place of RRV gB. While RRV wt infection of receptor-overexpressing cells was unaffected by inhibition of vesicle acidification, RRV-YFP expressing KSHV gB was sensitive to Bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of vacuolar acidification. Single- and dual-fluorescent KSHV strains eliminate the need for virus-specific antibodies and enable the tracking of single viral particles during entry and fusion. Together with a hybrid RRV expressing KSHV gB and classical fusion assays, these novel tools identify low vesicle pH as an endocytotic trigger for KSHV membrane fusion.
Survey on the Demand for Simulation-Based Emergency Response Training among Mothers of Preschool Children
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Park Min Hyang
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to understand the need for simulation-based emergency response education among mothers with pre-school-aged children. According to the survey, the most common emergency situations at home in the past year were bleeding (30.8%), falls and drops (9.6%), poisoning (3.8%), burns (21.2%), choking (5.8%), fractures (7.7%), high fever (38.5%), vomiting (26.9%), CPR (3.8%), being bitten by bugs or humans (48.1%), and entrapment or constriction (9.6%). 84.6% expressed interest in participating if a child emergency care simulation training program were developed. The results indicate that simulation-based emergency care training could be effective for mothers of pre-school children. Based on these results, we suggest an experimental study to develop a simulation-based emergency care program for these mothers and verify its intervention effect.
A Study on the Development of Defense Civilian Personnel Management Strategies for Defense Crisis Preparedness - Focusing on the Analysis of Turnover Intentions among Defense Civilian Personnel
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Shin Sang Bum
Published: January 2025

Military service resources are falling sharply due to the population decline. The decrease in military service resources is a great threat to national security, and preemptive preparation is urgent. The Ministry of National Defense has increased the number of civilian personnel on a large scale since 2019. The role of defense civilian personnel is expanding, and manpower management of civilian personnel is becoming an important agenda. This study attempted to examine why the turnover of civilian personnel occurs and how it can be reduced. To this end, a survey was conducted on 621 expert interviews and civilian personnel. As a result of the study, the greater the dissatisfaction with the working conditions and the more severe the discrimination, the higher the turnover intention. And the better the relationship with the active duty, the lower the turnover intention. On the other hand, discrimination affects turnover intention, but the personnel system does not alleviate the negative impact, while trust relations have alleviated the negative impact.