bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Art, Objects and Belief Systems Among the Wangoni of Tanzania
Authors: Makukula Dominicus
Published: January 2024

This article is from a study that investigated the interplay among art, ritual objects, and belief systems through which the Wangoni people worshipped their God prior to missionary and colonial interventions. The study focused on the significance and implication of art on paraphernalia such as household tools and personal belongings as ritual objects that were commonly evoked during worship or ritual activities of the Wangoni. The ritual theory informed the study’s framework including its methodology, data collection, analysis and presentation, and the discussion of the findings. Using document analysis, interviews and observation to collect data, the study found that artistically-made objects or tools had a special place in the traditional religious practices and lore of the Wangoni. The Wangoni employed personal belongings and objects of deceased family members to establish contacts in the ancestral realm, as their intermediaries before God. It was also established that in the process of making religious-inspired tools or objects, most Wangoni patrons insisted on the artistic excellence of such objects and tools. It was believed that, firstly, art would increase the uniqueness of the object and signify the status and power it symbolized; and secondly, art would help to inculcate a sense of sanctity of the object or tool depending on its aesthetic outlook associated with the Wangoni’s beliefs in the existence of God in their worship or ritual practices.
Trends and Impacts of Climate Change on the Livelihoods of Coastal Communities in North ‘A’ District, Zanzibar
Authors: Hamad Ali , Sawe Jackson
Published: January 2024

This article examines the trends and impacts of climate change on the livelihoods of coastal communities in Zanzibar. The study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Quantitative data was collected through household questionnaires, while qualitative data was collected through key informants interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and review of documents. Data on rainfall, temperature, and sea level pressure was acquired from the Tanzania Meteorological Authority (TMA) in Zanzibar. Moreover, remote sensing data of the medium-resolution Landsat 8 image was also used. Data was collected from 400 heads of household in the study area. Results show that most of the households admitted that there has been climate change as testified by rise in sea level, increase in temperature, and a decrease in the amount of rainfall. Moreover, the research findings indicate that climate change has affected coastal areas and the livelihoods of the community as a whole. Some of the impacts of climate change have been coastal erosion and destruction of agriculture and fishing activities. Therefore, it is concluded that climate change is a major environmental problem that affects people’s livelihood, especially for those with low adaptive capacity. It is recommended that strong measures be taken to address the problem of climate change. Furthermore, the government should facilitate the realization of global sustainable development goals by addressing the challenges brought forth by climate change through designing policies that aim to create solutions to climate change, and challenges faced in coastal communities such as Zanzibar.
Are Child Domestic Workers Key Ingredients In Employers’ Households? Employers’ Perception Towards Child Domestic Workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Shagembe Magolanga , Ndaluka Thomas
Published: January 2024

This study explored employers’ perception towards child domestic workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It involved a sample of 15 employers of child domestic workers. Data was gathered through key informant interviews and field observation, and analysed thematically between August 2021 and February, 2022. The findings indicate that child domestic workers (15–18 years old) are culturally acceptable in the name of work socialization, are often perceived and treated as fictive kin, and are a key ingredient in employers’ households. However, some employers had negative perception towards child domestic workers and described them as stubborn, witchy, and lazy; hence kept on hiring and firing these child domestic workers from time and space. It is therefore concluded that in the context of developing and mid-income countries like Tanzania where most people, including the elite, consider child domestic work as a charity, socially and culturally removing children from domestic work is not enough; and may leave them more vulnerable to other dangerous forms of work within or outside their biological homes. Hence, the study recommends that the human rights of children—like their right to light work, their best interests, and their voices and those of their employers—remain to be vital aspects of policies affecting children. Again, in line with the current International Labour Organization’s emphasis on making domestic work decent, there is a need of implementing strategies to promote positive work experiences among child domestic workers (15–18 years old), and formalize/regulate their employment across Tanzania.
Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents: Non-Insulin Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Mohajan Devajit , Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: January 2024

Among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, oral medications are called oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs), which are preferred over injections due to convenience and acceptability. These are a group of drugs that have been used successfully worldwide for controlling T2D patients to reduce the high blood sugar. These can be classified as either hypoglycaemic agents, such as sulfonylureas and benzoic acid derivatives or antihyperglycaemic agents, such as Biguanides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and Thiazolidinediones. Most of these stimulate β-cells of the Islets of Langerhans within the pancreas to produce insulin. These should be taken at about the same time every day according to the advices of physician. The most common side-effects of OHAs are hypoglycaemia and weight gain.
Exploring the Social Impacts and Sustainable Development of Urban Waste Sorting: A Case Study of Shanghai’s Waste Management System
Authors: Yuan Hong , Liu Minqi , Fan Zhixin
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the impact of household participation in waste sorting initiatives within Shanghai's Waste Management System, focusing on social dynamics, sustainable development outcomes, challenges, and opportunities. Through a nuanced analysis, the research uncovers the intricate relationships between waste management practices and the broader urban fabric. The analysis of social impacts reveals that waste sorting not only induces individual behavioral changes but also fosters community engagement, social cohesion, and a shared sense of responsibility. Sustainable development outcomes encompass environmental benefits, social gains, and economic opportunities generated by the evolving waste management sector. Identified challenges, including cultural resistance and infrastructure limitations, serve as opportunities for targeted interventions and improvements to enhance the inclusivity and efficacy of waste sorting practices. Recommendations encompass strengthening public education, embracing technological solutions, fostering community involvement, tailoring initiatives to cultural values, investing in infrastructure, and introducing incentive programs.
Petrology’s Role in Unveiling Geochemical Controls on Soil Contamination: China’s Environmental Assessment (2000-2022)
Authors: Li Hui
Published: January 2024

This review explores the pivotal role of petrology in unraveling geochemical controls on soil contamination, focusing on China’s environmental assessment from 2000 to 2022. Petrology, as a cornerstone of geology, investigates rocks’ mineral composition and origin. In the context of soil contamination, it elucidates the geological factors influencing soil composition, contaminant sources, and their interactions. The paper examines the interconnectedness of petrology and geochemistry, emphasizing their symbiotic relationship in understanding soil contamination. Key sections include an overview of petrological techniques, historical context of soil contamination in China, geochemical patterns in Chinese soils, challenges, and future directions. The findings underscore petrology’s significance, offering insights into environmental policies, sustainable soil management, and recommendations for future research. The synthesis of petrological insights proves indispensable in navigating the complexities of soil contamination, fostering informed decision-making, and ensuring sustainable environmental stewardship.
Investigating the Correlation Between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement: A Multifaceted Analysis in UK Secondary Schools
Authors: Garret Dinah Kory , Haward Alva Myranda
Published: January 2024

This comprehensive review explores the correlation between emotional intelligence (EI) and academic achievement in the context of UK secondary schools. Grounded in a thorough examination of emotional intelligence, its theoretical foundations, and influencing factors during adolescence, the analysis synthesizes existing studies to establish a robust link between EI and academic success. The impact of school culture, teacher-student relationships, and familial influences on emotional intelligence is explored, emphasizing the pivotal role of the school environment in shaping socio-emotional growth. Empirical evidence highlights the mediating role of EI in the complex interplay of socio-emotional factors and academic achievement. Practical implications include targeted educational strategies to enhance emotional intelligence, recognizing its potential to positively influence various academic outcomes. The exploration concludes by emphasizing the significance of recognizing and prioritizing emotional intelligence in fostering holistic educational approaches for secondary school students in the UK.
Research on Junior High School English Teaching in the Context of Educational Reform
Authors: Feng Dehui , Zhang Wei , Gao Wen , Li Yaoyuan
Published: January 2024

The landscape of junior high school English teaching in China has evolved significantly due to educational reforms and changing global dynamics. This transformation aims to shift the focus from traditional rote learning towards practical language use and communicative competence. English proficiency is increasingly vital in a globalized world, demanding new strategies to prepare students for success. This research explores the multifaceted impacts of educational reform on English teaching, delving into curriculum changes, pedagogical shifts, assessment methods, and technology integration. It uncovers the challenges that educators face, including balancing traditional and modern approaches, inadequate teacher training, assessment-centered teaching, English proficiency variances, and technology accessibility. To address these issues, a set of strategies is proposed, to enhance the quality of junior high school English teaching in China and align it with the goals of 21st-century education.
Public Perception and Attitudes Toward the Enforcement of Regulations in Germany: The Role of the Public in Addressing School Bullying Against Refugee Children
Authors: Schenk Albrecht
Published: January 2024

This academic review delves into the public perception and attitudes toward the enforcement of regulations in Germany concerning school bullying against refugee children from 2000 to 2022. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of historical, regulatory, and social dimensions influencing the interplay between public opinion and regulatory measures. It traces the evolution of intercultural education policies, examines media discourse surrounding school bullying, and investigates the role of the public in advocating for and enforcing anti-bullying regulations. The study employs a multi-method approach, including discourse analysis, surveys, and content analysis of educational materials, to offer insights into the dynamic relationship between regulatory frameworks and societal attitudes. Findings reveal shifting public perceptions over time, the impact of socio-political events, and the challenges faced by the public in addressing school bullying against refugee children. The paper concludes with recommendations for future policies, emphasizing the importance of incorporating cultural sensitivity and enhancing public participation in regulatory enforcement.
Capturing Consumer Attention: An In-Depth Analysis of TikTok Live Shopping
Authors: Bray Garry Ashley
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the distinctive features and advantages of TikTok Live Shopping within the broader context of social commerce. Through a comprehensive comparative analysis with live shopping features on other prominent social media platforms, including Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube, the study highlights TikTok’s unique positioning. Emphasizing short-form videos, algorithmic discoverability, and a trend-centric culture, TikTok Live Shopping provides a dynamic platform for brands to engage with a younger, trend-focused audience. The paper delves into specific strategies that contribute to TikTok Live Shopping’s success, such as creativity-centric content, real-time interaction, and seamless commerce integration. Analyzing evolving consumer behavior within TikTok Live Shopping, the study examines the social, authentic, and interactive dynamics shaping purchasing decisions. Furthermore, the paper assesses the potential long-term impact on brand perception and customer loyalty, considering factors like trend adoption, demographic reach, and sustained community building. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of TikTok Live Shopping as a transformative force in social commerce.
The Effects of Soft Skills and Training Methodology on the Students’ Learning Performance and Graduate Employability in Jordan
Authors: Ghaith Malak Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Graduates with “soft skills” like teamwork and the ability to motivate others to achieve a common goal are in high demand from employers. Quantitative studies have not been undertaken in several nations; Hashemite kingdom of Jordan included. Investing in soft skills training is essential for creating a high-performance work culture. One approach that helps businesses attain a high-quality work culture is training. To be successful in today’s business world, you need a blend of hard and soft skills. The term “soft talents” is often used to refer to a wide range of qualities, such as self-awareness, the ability to take criticism without personal attack, and the capacity to get along well with others. The goals of this research are probed using quantitative methods. The research is cross-sectional in nature, with data obtained from 85 participants via the use of both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Based on the results of the correlation and regression analysis, it was shown that the training technique has a 52% effect on graduates’ employability, while soft skills have a 58% effect on graduates’ employability on their own. The influence of soft skills on learning performance has been quantified at 64%, with the impact of training methods at 59%.
A Study on the Relationship Between Academic Stress and Mental Health Among High School Students in South Korea
Authors: Chung Ji-Hye , Park Yeong-Suk
Published: January 2024

This study examines the complex interplay between academic stress and mental health among South Korean high school students, employing a participant-centric research design with both qualitative and quantitative dimensions. It delves into the highly competitive academic environment, emphasizing societal pressures and the examination-oriented education system. Academic stress is comprehensively explored, defining its multifaceted nature and identifying key stressors. Findings categorize students into stress profiles, mapping varying degrees of stress and identifying common triggers. Correlations between academic stress and mental health outcomes are discussed, along with insights from subgroup analyses. Implications for education emphasize policy reform and a balanced, supportive environment, while holistic mental health support is recommended through integrated resources and stigma reduction.
The Role of Positive Feedback in Formative Assessment: A Comparative Study of Its Impact on Student Engagement in British Secondary Schools
Authors: Hobson Dena
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the impact of positive feedback on student engagement in British secondary schools over the period 2010-2020. Employing a comparative research design, the study analyzes the correlation between the frequency of positive feedback and academic performance in selected school. Results reveal a robust positive correlation, with Schools A and C demonstrating particularly strong associations. The paper delves into the implications for educational practices, advocating for the integration of positive feedback strategies. Strategies for optimization, including professional development, fostering positive school culture, and individualized tailoring, are discussed. The study concludes by highlighting avenues for future research and emphasizing the transformative potential of positive feedback in shaping a positive learning environment.
The Symbolism of Religious Rituals: An Analysis of Mystical Ceremonies in Pharaonic Tombs from Circa 2600 to 2100 BCE in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Stetson Doris , Benn Judd Wesley
Published: January 2024

This academic paper conducts a thorough exploration of the symbolism of religious rituals in Pharaonic tombs during the period circa 2600 to 2100 BCE in Ancient Egypt. The study traverses the intricate tapestry of visual and ritualistic elements within these tombs, providing insights into the spiritual dimensions that defined the ancient Egyptian worldview. Through an analysis of archaeological discoveries, case studies, and the historical context, the paper unveils the dynamic language of symbolism, highlighting key rituals such as the Opening of the Mouth and Weighing of the Heart ceremonies. The results encompass a synthesis of findings, presented visually in tables, offering a comprehensive understanding of the recurrent themes and symbols across different tombs and epochs. The discussion interprets these findings in the context of existing literature, explores their implications, and addresses potential biases. The conclusion summarizes the main contributions and outlines recommendations for future research, emphasizing the enduring legacy of Ancient Egyptian religious practices.
Exploring the Caregiving Experiences and Challenges of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Lai Weilin
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research was to explore the caregiving experiences and challenges of mothers of children with ASD in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, China. To achieve this aim, the research employed a qualitative design and used semi-structured interviews to facilitate the collection of rich, qualitative data regarding the experiences and challenges of mothers of children with ASD. The study population comprised mothers of children with ASD in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, China, and purposive sampling was used to select a suitable sample of 10 mothers that was used in the study. The participants were recruited from a rehabilitation center for children with ASD in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, while thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data collected from the sample of mothers of children with ASD. Overall, the results reveal that the main social challenges experienced by mothers of autistic children in the region include stigma, inadequate social support, as well as fatigue, stress & anxiety. In addition to revealing the challenges facing mothers of children with ASD, the results also revealed the main coping strategies that can be used by mothers of autistic children in addressing the major caregiving challenges and improving their health and well-being. Thus, this research has valuable implications for both theory and practice.
A Study on the Limits of Citizen Participation for Crime Prevention
Authors:   yugwansun Research Center, Han Sangcheul
Published: January 2024

Citizens perceive crime prevention as the task of a criminal justice institution, but the police, one of the criminal justice institutions, has a vacuum in crime prevention and policing activities due to excessive policing duties. Accordingly, the participation of the private sector in crime prevention, that is, a way to activate citizen participation, was actively discussed among criminal and criminal justice and police scholars and practitioners. However, civic participation in crime prevention is currently experiencing many limitations rather than being activated.
This study intends to examine the limitations by exploring the types and limitations of citizen participation in crime prevention and deriving problems.
As a result, there is a limit to civic participation. First, there is a lack of publicity for the Citizens Police Academy due to the lack of channels for citizen participation in crime prevention activities. Second, the simplification of the participating organizations or participating personnel of the crime prevention conference. Third, there is a limit to citizens' awareness and participation in reporting crimes. Fourth, it was considered as insufficient support for autonomous crime prevention unit activities. Therefore, future research directions were suggested through consideration of the limitations.
A study on literary life of Lee, Hak-in and the newly discovered poetry of Mugunghwa
Authors:   The Modern Bibiography Review Society, Kwon Yu-seong
Published: January 2024

Lee Hak-in was born in Taecheon in 1903 and continued his literary activities from 1923 to 1936. The newly discovered Lee Hak-in’s poetry Mugunghwa was first published in the first 24 years, but it seems likely to have been confiscated, so it could be said that the newly discovered Mugunghwa is a second edition.
Poems contained in Mugunghwa, could be largely divided into two series. One of the poems is based on the historical sites and legends of the Joseon Dynasty. These poems reflect some of the nationalistic tendencies of him, but they focus on enumerating historical sites and describing historical facts and legends related to them. The other was poetry containing personal lyricism, including poems he called so-called love poetry. In these poems, Lee Hak-in showed his talent as a poet, but there were works that did not have enough poetic form.
The poetry Mugunghwa was almost the only example published by a student in the early 1920s, and it is also meaningful as a dramatic example of how the literary passion of the young generation, who responded very actively and enthusiastically to the various literary systems that were being formed, produced some results.
Evaluation of the viability of the use of Lactobacillus casei in the removal of organic contaminants in waste from the craft brewing industry
Authors: Díaz-González Itzel , Estrada-García Joaquín , Hernandez-Aguilar Eduardo , Alvarado-Lassman Alejandro , Méndez-Contreras Juan Manuel
Published: January 2024

Brewers’ spent grains (BSGs) are the most abundant waste generated from the craft brewing process, accounting for approximately 85% of the total byproduct obtained. The need to develop beneficial alternatives for the contribution of the industrial sector and sustainable development has increased interest in the fermentation processes used to produce biomass, using probiotic microorganisms that provide health benefits for those who consume it, obtaining byproducts rich in nutrients. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the growth of Lactobacillus casei in Mar, Rogosa and Sharpe broth (MRS) and to evaluate the feasibility of growing L. casei in craft beer residues. To achieve this goal, a 10% v/v inoculum of probiotic bacteria was used in both media. The process consisted of monitoring the biotransformation process at 37°C and 120 rpm for 72 hours and evaluating carbohydrate consumption and cell growth. At the end of 52 h, the carbohydrate concentration in combination with BSG was completely consumed, considering that the initial value was 16.49 g/L. In the case of the MRS medium, a value of 3.42 g/L was obtained at 72 h. Regarding the pH range with the MRS broth and with BSG, the values were 6.89-5.43 and 5-4.41, respectively. Due to the acidity of the synthetic medium, the pH of the synthetic medium was greater than that of BSG. However, L. casei managed to develop in a similar way since quite similar cell growth values were obtained in both media, so it is feasible to use BSG as a culture medium for the development of probiotic species.
Liquidity and Rentability to Share Price
Authors: Naninsih Nur , Umar Rahmawati , Tarawiru Yasri , Misrah Misrah , Bintari Wisang Candra
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of liquidity and profitability on stock prices simultaneously and partially in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). In this study, liquidity is measured by the quick ratio, and rentabili-tas is measured by return on equity. This research is quantitative. The population in this study were all food and beverage industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, as many as 18 companies. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, where, based on predetermined criteria, a sample of 10 companies is obtained. The data source of this research is secondary data, namely data obtained from the company's financial statements. The data analysis methods used in this research are descriptive statistical analysis, partial test, simultaneous test, and determination coefficient test. The results showed that the liquidity and profitability variables partially had a positive and insignificant effect on the share price of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Simultaneously, liquidity and profitability variables affect stock prices.
The Effect Of Motivation And Job Satisfaction On Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Febriyani Lenie , Rismanto Malik
Published: January 2024

This research is aimed to determine the influence of: motivation toward organizational citizenship behavior; job satisfaction toward organizational citizenship behavior, and both at once toward the organizational citizenship behavior of employees of the PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk. Palikanci Cirebon Branch Office. The method used in this research is associative. The technique of collecting data is by field research, litelature study and analysis of data. This study uses primary data by distributing questionnaires to 60 employees on PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk. Palikanci Cirebon Branch Office. In this research, motivation has a significant influence toward organizational citizenship behavior. Job satidfaction motivation has a significant influence toward organizational citizenship behavior. Motivation and job satisfaction have a significant influence toward organizational citizenship behavior at once. While the influence of motivation and job satisfaction toward organizational citizenship behavior is 45.8% and the rest is influenced by other variables that is not studied.
Das Theater als Arena arbeitspolitischer Konflikte. Wie ein neuer Akteur eine alte Gewerkschaft wiederbelebte
Authors: Manske Alexandra
Published: January 2024

Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Interessenvertretung im Kulturbetrieb am Beispiel des öffentlichen Theaterbetriebs. Er liefert empirische Erkenntnisse über arbeitspolitische Arenen und aktuelle Arbeitskonflikte im Theaterfeld. Bearbeitet wird eine Forschungslücke, da bislang kaum Wissen über arbeitspolitische Beziehungen in der Theaterwelt vorliegt. Im Mittelpunkt steht das Ensemblenetzwerk (ENW), ein interessenpolitischer Akteur des öffentlichen Theaterfeldes, der im Jahr 2015 die Bühne betrat. Die Frage ist, wie das ENW die arbeitspolitischen Beziehungen des Theaterfelds geprägt hat. Argumentiert wird, dass das ENW eine respektable Machtposition im Feld erobert hat und von der politischen Schwäche etablierter Akteure profitieren konnte. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert diesen Prozess im Rekurs auf die Feldsoziologie von Bourdieu. Damit wird ein bislang wenig gebräuchlicher Ansatz für arbeitspolitische Probleme fruchtbar gemacht. Der theoretische Gewinn besteht darin, eine arbeitspolitische Arena als soziales Feld zu betrachten. Mit der feldsoziologischen Analyse der arbeitspolitischen Beziehung(-sarbeit) rückt symbolisch-politisches Kapital als Machtressource in den Vordergrund und dadurch auch die kulturellen Mechanismen arbeitspolitischer Auseinandersetzungen.
Zwischen Mitbestimmung und Industriepolitik: Interessenvertretungspraktiken im Spannungsfeld von Dekarbonisierung und Digitalisierung in energieintensiven Branchen
Authors: Bendel Alexander , Haipeter Thomas
Published: January 2024

Im Zuge des Klimawandels sehen sich viele Betriebe einem steigenden Transformationsdruck ausgesetzt. Dies gilt vor allem für Produktionsbetriebe des verarbeitenden Gewerbes sowie für Betriebe der Energiewirtschaft. Gleichzeitig vollzieht sich im Zuge der Digitalisierung in den Branchen der industriellen Produktion ein umfassender Wandel durch die Einführung intelligenter, digital vernetzter Systeme und Produktionsprozesse. In diesem Beitrag werden die Auswirkungen beider Transformationen auf die Mitbestimmungspraxis in den Betrieben und die Industriepolitik der Verbände in energieintensiven Branchen analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die arbeitspolitische Bedeutung der Digitalisierung für die Mitbestimmung aktuell deutlich höher ist als die der Dekarbonisierung. Dies liegt auch daran, dass das zentrale Handlungsfeld der Dekarbonisierung momentan die Industriepolitik ist. Am Beispiel der Chemieindustrie wird gezeigt, dass die Verbände dabei einen bemerkenswerten industriepolitischen Strategiewechsel vorgenommen haben: Bemühten sie sich in der Vergangenheit schwerpunktmäßig darum, klimapolitische Regulierungen von den Unternehmen fernzuhalten, verfolgen sie heute gemeinsam eine Strategie der proaktiven, dabei aber sozialverträglichen Energie- und Klimapolitik.
Das Asset-Stripping-Verbot im Zusammenhang mit LBO-Transaktionen
Authors: Schuchmann Louis
Published: January 2024

The study shed light on the content of the special takeover law in sections 287 et seq. KAGB and concretizes the constituent elements that are decisive for the content and scope of the statutory provisions. Firstly, the corporate law structures of the transactions in question and the connected post-acquisition measures are investigated. Then, the examination of the constituent elements of the scope of application of section 287 et seq. KAGB follows. As part of the analysis of section 292 KAGB, a concept of distribution is developed which serves as a starting point for categorizing the structuring measures relevant in practice. Based on this, the functionality of the special takeover law is assessed.
ERIC
Authors: Oepen Andrea
Published: January 2024

International organizations in the research sector have traditionally emerged through international treaties between different nation states. High time commitment and costs are offset by greater financial stability and sometimes ground-breaking research achievements. The legal form of the ERIC is an attempt to enable intergovernmental research cooperation in the supranational context of the Union in a time of ever new global challenges.
The Role of Surgical Simulation in the Quality of Health Care for Complex Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Roberto da Silva Allison , Rodrigues da Silva Jacqueline
Published: January 2024

The constant technological evolution allows health professionals possibilities until then only imagined in the pages of science fiction. The three-dimensional reconstruction of real anatomical models, with the help of Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and the impression of realistic shadows, provides surgical teams with the possibility of performing complex surgeries without exposing the patient well in advance, allowing us to achieve excellent results, increasing surgeons’ precision, and decreasing operating room time and patient exposure to anesthesia. In this way, the results are cost containment and increased the productivity and quality of care. Realistic simulations are an advent that allow not only surgeons but also the entire multidisciplinary team to plan each step of the assistance that will be dedicated to patients throughout the surgical process with greater safety and caution, improving the quality of life and assistance provided to our patients.
What Is Wrong with Us? The Growing Issue of Child Sex Trafficking Worldwide
Authors: Spowart Sara
Published: January 2024

Sex trafficking of children and adolescents has been on the rise globally, particularly among the world’s most vulnerable individuals. These trafficked individuals, if they survive, are left with significant trauma, as well as severe mental and physical health issues and even disabilities. Approximately 80% of trafficked persons are women, and the average age of trafficking is in early adolescence. Sex trafficking of children and adolescents creates nearly irreparable harm and suffering for the individuals that survive, with very high rates of suicide and suicidal ideation resulting from their horrific abuse. Prevention and sexual abuse awareness are important for reducing the number of children and women that are trafficked. However, an even more effective tool is to address the buyer, or demand side, of the sex trafficking industry. Until the demand side and the buyers are sufficiently addressed, the industry will always exist because there is a demand to be met and a market for the services. This chapter explores the importance and critical necessity of addressing the poorly addressed issue of the buyer and the demand side of child sex trafficking.
DFT and TDDFT Calculations of Ground and Excited States of Photoelectron Emission
Authors: Ait Hammou Brahim , El Kaaouachi Abdelhamid , Hassan Mounir El , Mabchour Hamza , El Oujdi Abdellatif , Echchelh Adil , Dlimi Said , Ennajih Driss
Published: January 2024

The Density-Functional Theory (DFT) is a reformulation of the quantum study of a correlated N-body system into a simpler system with independent equations being solved iteratively. The DFT considers only ground states of the systems. The extension to the time-dependent case of this theory is the Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory (TDDFT) that also takes into account the excited states of the system. These calculations are very interesting in photonics areas. In fact, the interaction between electrons and light in the vicinity of solid surfaces and nanostructures is important as pathway to integrate photonics and electronics. The capability to couple light and electrons in purposefully designed device depends on the capability of creating such devices and the understanding of the underlying science.
The Future of Education: Writing Exams in the Metaverse at South African Universities
Authors: A. Thango Bonginkosi
Published: January 2024

The advent of the Metaverse has revolutionized education, particularly in the realm of assessment. This chapter explores the future of education and the impact of the Metaverse on assessment, with a specific focus on writing exams in South African universities. It begins by defining the Metaverse and its role in education. The advantages of utilizing the Metaverse for exam writing, such as creating immersive environments that foster active learning, are examined. Additionally, the potential for reducing costs associated with traditional exam administration is explored. The chapter also delves into the challenges of writing exams in the Metaverse. Issues of accessibility and equity, including the need for reliable and affordable internet access for all students, are discussed. Privacy and data security concerns are examined, highlighting the importance of implementing safeguards to protect student information. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the skills and competencies required for writing exams in the Metaverse. It emphasizes the significance of digital literacy, proficiency, and the adaptability of educators to new technologies and teaching methodologies. Universities play a crucial role in preparing students for the Metaverse, promoting digital citizenship skills and ethical behaviour online.
Perspective Chapter: Wild and Domestic Cats Semen Cryopreservation – Main Aspects and Perspectives
Authors: Lottus Mphaphathi Masindi , Angelinah Thema Mamonene , Ramaesela Ledwaba Mahlatsana , Dimpho Sebopela Maleke , Luther Mashilo Thabang
Published: January 2024

Wild and domestic cats can benefit effectively from the use of cryopreserved semen. Different breeding techniques have been applied using cryopreserved semen to produce offspring in wild and domestic cats. To date, the success of these techniques in cats is still inadequate. The majority of sperm tend to lose motility and viability following thawing. Semen must be handled carefully, cryopreserved, and thawed by improving current protocols in order to produce post-thaw sperm of acceptable quality and to result in conception after insemination. The quality of sperm obtained following semen cryopreservation process might be beneficial to the success of reproduction performance. To enhance post-thaw recovery of sperm and fertility, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of the sperm physiology of the species. These factors include the right diluent, sperm dilution, cooling, and thawing rate. Cryopreservation of semen across cat species often results in poor post-thawed sperm quality, including a decrease in motility and acrosomal integrity of up to 30–50% and a rapid decrease in progressive motility within hours of thawing. Due to the low number of sperm and compromised post-thawed sperm quality, laparoscopic-assisted reproduction is frequently used for artificial insemination procedures in Felids.
Policies for Improving the Efficiency of Innovative Clustering in an Emerging Market
Authors: Bobek Vito , Streltsov Vladislav , Horvat Tatjana
Published: January 2024

The main topic of this study is to define the direction of improving the state policy of Russia in achieving the maximum efficiency of clustering in the country. The chapter aims to study the interconnected influence of innovation clusters on the development of the knowledge economy in Russia and the world. Attention is focused on the improvement based on the cyclical nature of clusters using human capital, technology, policies, and management. To achieve this, a historical review of the formation and successful development of clusters in the Russian Federation is carried out to identify and assess the prominent occurrence cases, the central institutional actors, the indicators of their innovative activity, and the schematics of successful cluster management. The theory section covers current classification methods and typology of innovation-territorial economic associations. Russian innovation policy for cluster development received an up-to-date performance overview as well.
Productive and Economic Losses Caused by Dichelops melacanthus in Transgenic Bt Maize Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Arturo Ferreira Agüero Marcos , de Los Ríos Peixoto Felisa , Benítez Sánchez Arsenio , Augusto Velásquez José , Daniel Vega-Brítez Gustavo , David Lesmo Duarte Nelson , Francisco Acosta Resquín Matheus
Published: January 2024

Transgenic maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin produces a crystal (Cry) protein toxic to caterpillars that is non-toxic to stink bugs. The objectives of this study were to identify the number of plants attacked and not by Dichelops melacanthus, to evaluate foliar damage through the number of punctures, to evaluate plant height, weight of grain production by corn plants attacked and not and economic loss. The research was carried out on a commercial production agricultural farm in an area of 700 m2. Eight areas were evaluated (10 m × 1.8 m) randomly distributed and in V6 physiological stage. Data were recorded, tabulated in Excel spreadsheet and statistically analysed by T Student test with 5% of significance for comparison of two independent groups. The results indicate that 80.7% of corn plants were attacked by D. melacanthus presenting punctures in their leaves. The average height for attacked plants was 41.2 ± 2.2 cm and 41.5 ± 3.3 cm for not attacked. A significant reduction in production of 23% was verified. The weight of grains of attacked plant was in average 3048 ± 319 g and 3956 ± 269 g in not-attacked plant, demonstrating that the damage caused by D. melhacantus reduces Bt corn productivity and loss of income of 98.93 US dollars per hectare.
Exploring the Diversity of Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Khangchendzonga Landscapes of the Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Sharma Ghanashyam , Kumar Pradhan Bharat
Published: January 2024

The Sikkim Himalaya is a distinguished hub of maize biodiversity, housing a wide range of genetic resources cultivated at altitudes from 300 to 2500 m elevations. From 2010 to 2022, a field investigation combined traditional knowledge and scientific methods to morphologically characterize maize, supplemented by relevant literature. The objective was to evaluate indigenous maize varieties in the region since the 1960s. The research classified maize landraces into four groups: primitive landraces, preserved traditional popcorn races; advanced or derived landraces, selectively bred for desirable traits; recent introductions from other regions; and hybrid maize varieties resulting from crossbreeding. About 31 maize landraces were listed, emphasizing the urgent need for in-depth genetic characterization. Notably, Murali Makai, Seti Makai, Pahenli Makai, Rato Makai, Baiguney Makai, Gadbadey Makai, Tempo-Rinzing, and Lachung Makai adapted well to altitudes of 300–2500 m, showing variations in agronomic and quality traits, as well as resistance to environmental stresses. Primitive maize cultivars in the Northeastern Himalayas of India have generated interest among researchers for their high prolificacy and their link to the origin and evolution of maize. Prioritization at the species level and within specific geographic regions is necessary due to the dynamic demand for germplasm. Conservation of certain maize germplasm is crucial for food security, livelihoods, climate resilience, and research. The study identified potential risks of germplasm extinction or erosion, emphasizing the need for urgent actions to safeguard these genetic resources.
Agricultural Transformation in Maize Producing Areas of Africa
Authors: L. Woomer Paul , Roobroeck Dries , Mulei Welissa
Published: January 2024

Maize is a critical staple cereal across Sub-Saharan Africa but attempts to improve its productivity in small-scale farming systems often prove disappointing. The 12 key technologies required to overcome poor yields are mostly known, but the manner in which they are mobilized, packaged, and delivered requires re-evaluation. Combinations of better varieties and their necessary accompanying inputs must become more available and affordable for an African maize revolution to succeed, and land must be managed in ways that enhance, rather than diminish, land quality over time. Adjustments to the bundling and transfer of these technologies as transferable assets pose a solvable dilemma. These interventions must be based upon specific agro-ecological and socio-economic contexts and offered within the scope of well-designed regional and national agricultural development agendas. Success in boosting maize yields and its companion field legumes form the basis for greater food security across Africa and value-adding enterprises, including the growth of blended flours and commercial animal production. This chapter describes how these technologies may be most effectively mobilized within the current thrust to transform African agriculture.
A Comparative Analysis of Undergraduates’ Preference between Traditional Television and OTT Platforms in Watching Movies Select Universities in Nigeria
Authors: Toochukwu Ezegwu Daniel , Ifeyinwa Obichili Mercy
Published: January 2024

With the introduction of new digital technologies and the internet, traditional television started to share its audiences with a new technology called the OTT platforms. As of January 2023, Nigeria was home to 31.60 million social media users, equating to 14.3% of the total population. There have been studies in the area of OTT in Nigeria, but none have compared undergraduates’ preference between traditional television and OTT platforms in watching movies among select universities in Nigeria. The study analysed undergraduates’ preference between traditional television and OTT platforms in watching movies in select universities in Nigeria. A survey research method was used. The findings revealed that the respondents are highly aware of the existence of traditional television and OTT platforms. Further findings revealed that the undergraduates in the select universities in Nigeria preferred OTT platforms more than traditional television for watching movies. The reasons for their preference for OTT platforms for watching movies are it enables them to access a variety of movies, due to the convenience it presents and it is not costly. The researchers recommend that OTT platform operators in Nigeria should carry out effective awareness campaigns in other to promote their products and services to the people.
Numerical Investigation of Rainfall Infiltration-Induced Slope Stability Considering Water-Air Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Tian Wenjing , Peiffer Herman , Malengier Benny , Liu Gang , Cheng Qingchao
Published: January 2024

For insights into rainfall infiltration on soil slopes and coupled transmission mechanisms, two-phase flow and finite element analysis were employed to examine water and air movement during the Shuping landslide. The results indicated a division of the landslide surface into two zones: an upper inflow area and a lower overflow area, driven by contrasting inflow and outflow directions. The total water and air flux remained stable, minimally affected by external factors such as rainfall attributes, surface runoff, and air temperature variations. In the inflow area of the slope surface, when rainfall intensity was greater than the total rate of the infiltration of water and air, the magnitude of infiltration equalled to the total rate infiltration of water and air, and runoff generation occurred in this area. Conversely, when infiltration matched rainfall intensity, runoff was absent in this area. In addition, water pressure in the saturated area of the slope surface can be transferred to the groundwater of the slope by pore air pressure, which could also increase the pressure head of the groundwater, and this was also detrimental to slope stability. Regarding uniform rainfall, it significantly reduces the safety factor, potentially making it the most hazardous pattern for slope failure.