bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the immediate results of thoracoscopic thymectomy using single-port and three-port approaches in the treatment of non-invasive epithelial thymic tumors
Authors: Epifantsev E. A. , Smirnov A. V. , Gritsun V. Yu , Keshvedinova A. A. , Ivanov Yu. V.
Published: December 2023

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of single-port thoracoscopic thymectomy in comparison with traditional three-port thymectomy in patients with stage I and II thymic epithelial tumors.

Patients and methods. The results of 50 thoracoscopic thymectomies performed from January 2019 to May 2023 on patients with stage I and II thymic epithelial tumors without the presence of myasthenia were analyzed. The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 75 years, with a median of 44 years. There were 28 (56 %) women, 22 (44 %) men. The minimum size of the removed thymoma in the study was 20 mm, the maximum was 165 mm. Out of the 50 patients who underwent singleand three-port thoracoscopic thymectomy, 42 (84 %) had tumor diameters of 70 mm or less, and 8 (16 %) had tumor diameters greater than 70 mm. Tumor size was significantly larger in the three-port thymectomy group (43 mm [35 mm; 55 mm] vs. 60 mm [38 mm; 78 mm], p = 0.044).

Results. The analysis noted a statistically significant increase in the duration of the operation in the group of three-port thoracoscopic thymectomies (duration of operations – 107.5 minutes [70 minutes; 132.5 minutes] versus 70.0 minutes [57 minutes; 79 minutes] in the group with a single-port approach). A statically significant result was also obtained in terms of drainage of pleural cavity drainage and, as a consequence, in duration of postoperative bed rest. Patients operated through a single-port approach stayed in the hospital for 3 to 5 days on average (4.0 days), while those with a three-port approach stayed from 3 to 13 days on average (5.0 days). A comparative analysis revealed a significant reduction in the length of hospital stay in patients who underwent single-port thoracoscopic thymectomy, in contrast to those undergoing three-port surgical interventions.

Conclusion. This study is the first in Russia to compare oneand three-port techniques for removing thymic tumors in a number of patients sufficient for statistical calculations. It has been shown that for thymic tumors up to 5 cm, single-port thoracoscopic thymectomy compared to three-port does not lead to prolongation of the operation or an increase in intraand postoperative complications. Therefore, in our opinion, it is the preferable option.
Expanding the Reasons We Give: Black Parents’ Collective Engagement as Resisting White Supremacy at School
Authors: Foubert Jennifer L. Mccarthy
Published: December 2023

In this article, Jennifer L. McCarthy Foubert draws attention to Black parents’ collective school engagement. Applying critical race theory’s critique of liberalism as a theoretical frame, she argues that Black parents who participated in her qualitative multicase study resisted white supremacy as they engaged for the collective in everyday school involvement, school and extracurricular choices, and parent groups. She concludes by urging family-school partnership scholars, policy makers, and school leader and teacher educators to embrace collective engagement for its contributions to educational justice.
Comparison of the use of different accesses for sacrocolpopexy in women with apical prolapse: A literature review
Authors: Bakhtiyarov Kamil’ R. , Evstratova Kristina D. , Virivskaya Elena V. , Zvyagintseva Margarita R.
Published: December 2023

Interest in the issue of genital prolapse is increasing worldwide. The prevalence varies across countries and is higher in resource-limited ones. In countries where systematic statistics are available, the prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse ranges from 3 to 50%. Conservative and surgical methods for correcting this issue are extensively covered in Russian and foreign literature. Sacrocolpopexy is one of these methods, which is commonly used to correct apical prolapse. This review aimed to compare and evaluate the outcomes of abdominal, robotic, and laparoscopic accesses for performing this surgical procedure and assess the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Each surgical approach is analyzed regarding the incidence of postoperative complications, surgical duration, and satisfaction of patients with their quality of life in the postoperative period. Pelvic organ prolapse is an increasingly pressing issue, given the increase in life expectancy and its earlier detection. According to statistical projections, by 2050, 9.2 million women worldwide will have this disease.
Current possibilities of ultrasonography in diagnosing local spread of endometrial cancer
Authors: Zuzieva Kheda B. , Mitina Larisa A. , Vostrov Aleksandr N. , Mukhtarulina Svetlana V. , Stepanov Stanislav O.
Published: December 2023

Background. The incidence of oncologic pathology in the female reproductive system is continually rising, highlighting the importance of finding new methods for early and precise diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the invasion depth of endometrial cancer through contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.
Materials and methods. The study included 38 patients who were confirmed to have endometrial cancer. All patients underwent complex ultrasound examinations in real-time and grayscale mode. The qualitative assessment of vascularization in color and energy Doppler mapping modes was performed using contrast enhancement with the assessment of qualitative and quantitative parameters of contrast.
Results. The results were compared with histological examination results from postoperative materials. The study identified contrasting qualitative parameters that are most indicative of endometrial cancer and quantitative parameters that are statistically significant and reliably distinguished the myometrium affected by the tumor from the unaffected myometrium (including peak intensity, time to peak intensity, and contrast half-life).
Conclusions. Contrast enhancement increases the effectiveness of comprehensive ultrasonography in determining the invasion depth of endometrial cancer.
Assessment of the serum concentration of growth factors and the informativeness of ultrasonography in studying the structural conditions of the osteoarticular system in children with type III osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Luneva Svetlana N. , Menshchikova Tatyana I. , Aranovich Anna M. , Vykhovanets Evgeniia P. , Matveeva Kseniya P.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:The treatment of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta requires dynamic monitoring of the structural state and metabolism of the long bones. In the available literature, practically no data are available on the use of ultrasonography to assess the skeletal system in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Increased expression of the members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily in the serum has been described in several congenital bone diseases; however, this has not yet been examined in children with type III osteogenesis imperfecta.
AIM:To examine the serum concentrations of growth factors in children with type III osteogenesis imperfecta relative to healthy children and evaluate the informativeness of ultrasonography for assessing the state of the osteoarticular system in type III osteogenesis imperfecta and justify the feasibility of its use in this pathology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 3–7 years with type III osteogenesis imperfecta (n= 12) were examined. In the blood serum, bone-mineral metabolism parameters were determined onaHitachi/BM 902 analyzer (Japan), and the contents of growth factors and their receptors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay onaThermo Fisher Scientific analyzer (USA). Ultrasound examinations were performed usinganAVISUS Hitachi device (Japan). Statistical processing was carried out using the Attestat program (I.P. Gaidyshev). Quantitative data are presented as medians and quartiles (Me [Q1; Q3]) for samples with non-normal distribution. In cases with normal distribution, quantitative data are presented as M ± σ,p 0.05.
RESULTS: In patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, the degree of bone tissue mineralization and bone turnover rates were higher and the collagen content was lower than those of their healthy peers. Fibroblast growth factor-basic underwent the greatest changes; a decrease in the content of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-R3 receptor was accompanied by multiple increases in VEGF and VEGF-R2. Ultrasonography identified areas of deformation and multiple fractures in the area of the diaphyses and metaphyses of the femur, tibia, hip, and knee joints.
CONCLUSIONS:Predominance was noted toward the production of growth factors responsible for the activation of osteoclastogenesis. The content of growth factors responsible for osteoclast inhibition and osteoblast activation is normal or slightly changed. Ultrasonography has demonstrated high informativeness inadetailed assessment of the osteoarticular system in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, which allows us to recommend this noninvasive technique for wider use in this disease.
Prevention of ankle joint deformities in children on the side of fibular graft intake for microsurgical transposition
Authors: Ryzhikov Dmitry V. , Vissarionov Sergei V.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Reconstructive operations of the musculoskeletal system in children may require the removal of a massive autograft for microsurgical bone grafting. The traditional donor site is the diaphyseal part of the fibula. In the late postoperative period, these patients may develop complications such as a valgus deformity of the ankle joint on the side of the donor fibular defect.
AIM: To analyze the effectiveness of surgical methods for the prevention of hallux valgus of the ankle joint after free transplantation of a fragment of the fibula to replace limb-bone defects in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The treatment results of 11 patients aged 11–16 years (6 girls and 5 boys), in whom an autograft from the fibular diaphysis was used to replace defects in long tubular bones were analyzed. Two patients had a femoral defect as a result of previously transferred hematogenous osteomyelitis. A congenital false joint of the femur was found in 2 patients, bones of the lower leg in 6, and the ulna in 1. The distal fragment of the resected fibula was stabilized by an autograft from the iliac bone, in eight and three cases at the level of the diaphysis and metaphysis of the specified fragment, respectively. The size of the resected fragment in % of the total length of the fibula and the level of distal osteotomy were considered. The presence and magnitude of the proximal displacement of the fragment and the position of the ankle joint gap were evaluated at least 5 years after surgery.
RESULTS: In this study, ≥5 years after the intervention, proximal displacement of the distal fragment of the fibula was absent in only one patient. In the remaining 10, the displacement value did not exceed 3.5 mm. Valgus deformity in the ankle joint of 5° from the initial position developed in two patients. Its progression was prevented by temporary hemiepiphysis of the distal epiphysis of the tibia using a 4.0-mm diameter spongiose screw, whereas in up to 16 months, the valgus deformity progression stopped and decreased to initial values.
CONCLUSIONS: Fibular resection in the optimal variant should preserve the distal part of the bone as much as possible, and the stability of the ankle joint increases with synostosis of the shin bones in the distal diaphyseal section without bringing the bones closer together. When a clinically significant valgus deformity appears (5° from the initial position) with the preservation of the function of the distal growth zone of the tibia, the use of temporary transphyseal hemiepiphysiodesis of the tibia for correction is optimal.
Osteoid-osteoma of trapezium bone in a child (clinical case)
Authors: Avdeychik Natalia V. , Golyana Sergey I. , Grankin Denis Yu. , Nilov Alexander D. , Chernyavskaya-Haukka Varvara V.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Osteoid osteoma is a benign neoplasm of bones with a diameter of up to 1.5 cm. It is most common in children in the second decade of life and at the age of 20–30 years, predominantly in men. In large neoplasms (1.5 cm) with a histological study identical to osteoid osteoma, the pathological process is regarded as osteoblastoma or giant osteoid osteoma. The tumor is most often located in long tubular bones and on the hand in 5%–15% of the patients. Differential diagnosis is carried out with rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, and other neoplasms. Various options for the treatment of osteoid osteoma, both conservative and operative, have been proposed.
CLINICAL CASE: A 17-year-old patient underwent surgical treatment for trapezium bone neoplasm and pronounced chronic pain syndrome.
DISCUSSION: The identification and treatment of osteoid osteoma remain challenging, which is associated with the similarity of clinical symptoms and ineffectiveness (in the initial stages of its development) of X-ray examination. Thus, computed tomography is necessary to identify a pathological structure. If a formation on the hand is detected, surgery (tumor resection) is advised; if necessary, bone grafting of the defect is performed. After surgical treatment, relapse may occur within 7 months, which is associated with incomplete tumor removal. To confirm the diagnosis, a pathomorphological study is necessary.
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain syndrome requires a thorough examination of the patient and a differential diagnosis. Surgical treatment allows the restoration of hand functions and alleviates the tumor-associated pain syndrome.
Current issues in the diagnostics of hip dysplasia in newborns in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Baskov Vladimir E. , Vissarionov Sergei V. , Filippova Maria S. , Kenis Vladimir M. , Bortulev Pavel I.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:Early diagnostics of hip dysplasia in newborns are important medical and social problems because untimely treatment of these children leads to severe irreversible pathological disorders of the hip joint, dysplastic coxarthrosis, and consequently disability. Anamnesis data of patients from the Department of Hip Pathology of H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery show that late diagnoses of the dysplastic pathology of the hip joint are not rare, which does not tend to decrease in number.
AIM:To identify and analyze the causes of the late diagnosis of dysplastic hip joint pathology in newborns in the Russian Federation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Statistical data from 64 regions of the Russian Federation were collected and analyzed to study the causes of untimely diagnosis of dysplastic hip joint pathology in newborns.
RESULTS:According to the information received, 3,456,207 children were born in 64 regions of the Russian Federation between 2019 and 2021. Of these children, 108,737 (3.1%) were diagnosed with hip dysplastic pathology of varying severity (acetabular dysplasia, subluxation, and dislocation), and 3,943 cases (3.6%) had untimely diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Late diagnosis is primarily caused by the untimely appearance of patients for ultrasound screening and initial examination by an orthopedist. The secondary reason is the understaffing of medical organizations with specialists–orthopedists and specialists in Doppler ultrasound examination. To reduce the number of cases of late diagnosed or missed dysplastic hip pathologies and improve the quality of orthopedic care for children in the Russian Federation, strengthening health education must be recommended among parents and staff of medical organizations with orthopedic and ultrasound specialists.
Clinical and radiological characteristics of two patients with osteoporosis–pseudoglioma syndrome caused by a pathogenic homozygotic variant in the  LRP5  gene
Authors: Merkuryeva Elena S. , Markova Tatiana V. , Kenis Vladimir M. , Kadyshev Vitaly V. , Nagornova Tatiana S. , Noskova Elena V. , Dadali Elena L.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis–pseudoglioma syndrome (OMIM #259770) is an ultrarare autosomal recessive disease characterized by congenital or infant blindness, severe osteoporosis, and spontaneous bone fractures. The syndrome is caused by pathogenic variants in the LRP5 gene, which encodes a protein involved in the transmission of signals in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. To date, 77 pathogenic variants associated with osteoporosis–pseudoglioma syndrome have been registered in LRP5, mainly localized in the second and third beta-propeller domains of the protein, which have a high affinity for the Wnt ligand.
CLINICAL CASES: Two siblings presented with clinical manifestations of osteoporosis–pseudoglioma syndrome caused by a pathogenic homozygous missense variant c.1481GA (p.Arg494Gln) in LRP5. The phenotype of the patients was characterized by a combination of blindness, low bone-mineral density, short stature, and fractures and deformities of long tubular bones and the spine.
DISCUSSION: The rarity of the osteoporosis–pseudoglioma syndrome and the similarity of the clinical manifestations of various skeletal disorders and their genetic heterogeneity lead to a late diagnosis and treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: We are the first to present the clinical, radiological, and genetic characteristics of two siblings with clinical manifestations of osteoporosis–pseudoglioma syndrome. Its rarity necessitates detailed description of the clinical and genetic characteristics of this syndrome. Molecular genetic testing is an important part of a comprehensive diagnosis.
Cittadinanza digitale e valori della persona umana
Authors: Dammacco Gaetano
Published: December 2023

L’obiettivo di questo saggio, intitolato “La cittadinanza digitale e i valori della persona umana”, è investigare come sia possibile progettare una cittadinanza digitale aperta e consapevole adatta a proteggere i valori fondamentali e i diritti della persona umana attraverso i seguenti sei punti: 1) il significato della cittadinanza digitale; 2) i principi della società digitale nelle previsioni dell’Unione Europea: la costruzione di un senso di appartenenza attraverso la rete; 3) i diritti digitali per i cittadini o per le persone?; 4) necessità di separare i principi cristiani dai valori cristiani: vita, la protezione della persona umana, testimonianza della verità come valori “cristiani” e civili; 5) gli aspetti negativi della società digitale; 6) la società digitale e i diritti umani nella chiesa e nelle religioni.
Guidelines for the Pastoral Care of the Divorced and Remarried in Czechia after Amoris laetitia
Authors: Menke Monika
Published: December 2023

The article summarizes the Czech way of searching and creating possible guidelines of the Bishops' Conference or directives of individual bishops after the Post-synodal Apostolic Exhortation Amoris laetitia of Pope Francis. It discusses the establishments of a commission of experts, refers to foreign opinions that inspired the commission in its work, and outlines the lack of consensus among the bishops. Thus, the Bishops’ Conference failed to draw up uniformed guidelines on the subject. One of the bishops (the Diocese of Plzeň), after some time of searching for a solution, finally issued his own diocesan directive in the spring of 2023, the content of which is also presented in the text of the article.
Метод розрахунку результуючої похибки скануючого зондового мікроскопу
Authors: Катаєва М.О. , Квасніков В.П.
Published: December 2023

На основі аналізу існуючих підходів до процесу вимірюваня нанооб’єктів за допомогою скануючого зондового мікроскопу, було встановлено, що розрахунок та подальша компенсація результуючої похибки потребує ретельного вивчення зовнішніх дестабілізуючих факторів. Було доведено, що результуюча похибка скануючого зондового мікроскопу через вплив швидкозмінних зовнішніх умов навколишнього середовища в будь-який момент часу виявляється випадковою величиною. Встановлено, що при автоматичній корекції похибки найбільший вплив на результат вимірювання нанооб’ектів чинить не абсолютна величина тієї чи іншої спектральної складової похибки, а тільки її зміна в часі, яка залежить від періоду координатних функцій розпаду. В статті вирішується актуальна задача розробки методів розрахунку та корекції результуючої похибки скануючого зондового мікроскопу із врахуванням цілого ряду випадкових функцій часу. Було проведено розрахунок математичного очікування появи випадкової похибки, спричиненої впливом зовнішніх дестабілізуючих факторів та розроблені методи її компенсації з підвищеними показниками точності та швидкодії. На основі проведених досліджень, розроблена загальна математична модель формування результуючої похибки вимірювання нанооб’ектів за допомогою скануючого зондового мікроскопу із врахуванням впливу швидкозмінних зовнішніх дестабілізуючих факторів, що дає можливість автоматично корегувати результати вимірювання в on-line режимі.
Спосіб маршрутизації в мобільних програмно-конфігурованих мережах на основі системи нечіткого виводу
Authors: Кулаков Ю.О. , Грабовенко Ю.В. , Кузьмич Р.О.
Published: December 2023

Робота присвячена розробці способу маршрутизації на основі системи нечіткого виводу та алгоритму багатошляхової маршрутизації в мобільних програмно-конфігурованих мережах. Запропоновано спосіб маршрутизації, що дозволяє підвищити ефективність схеми вибору маршруту на основі врахування множини метрик та визначення шляху із найвищим значенням стабільності до вказаного вузла призначення за допомогою системи нечіткого виводу.

Використано алгоритм багатошляхової маршрутизації  оберненої хвилі, що дозволяє при пошуку шляху між вузлами джерела та призначення знайти шляхи між проміжними вузлами мережі та здійснити динамічну ремаршрутизацію шляху за потреби.  Розроблено алгоритм для прогнозування стабільності маршруту для передачі пакетів, з використанням системи нечіткого виводу Мамдані. Даний спосіб допомагає обрати маршрут із низькою ймовірністю руйнування зв’язків під час маршрутизації та зменшити кількість операцій виявлення шляхів від початкової вершини.
Стискальний детектор для систем частотного моніторингу і пасивної локації
Authors: Пантєєв Р.Л. , Яновський Ф.Й.
Published: December 2023

У статті аналізується принцип дії та можливості застосування стискального детектору, принцип дії якого базується на використанні сканувального дисперсійного фільтру. В якості дисперсійного фільтру пропонується використання набору часових затримок, що з’єднані між собою послідовно та смугових фільтрів, що під’єднані у відводи затримок. Така система дозволяє здійснювати стискання широкосмугових модульованих сигналів у вигляді імпульсів, що, підвищує співвідношення сигнал-шум та підвищує здатність розділяти сигнали за частотою. Детально розглянуто математичне забезпечення, що описує принцип дії стискального детектору та умови реалізації узгодженої фільтрації сигналів, що приймаються на дисперсійному фільтрі. Наведено схему структури стискального детектору, принцип роботи якого базується на наведеному математичному забезпеченні. Запропонована система може бути реалізована та використана для інформаційної обробки невідомих, потайливих сигналів, в інформаційних системах частотного моніторингу та  пасивної локації.
Оптимізація мережних структур керування повітряним рухом при наявності енергетичних обмежень
Authors: Толстікова О.В. , Водоп'янов С.В. , Дрововозов В.І. , Аль-Шаммарі А.А.А. , Андреєв О.В.
Published: December 2023

У статті, що подається, розглянуто проблеми інформаційно-телекомунікаційних систем авіаційного транспорту, які, з одного боку, є системами жорсткого реального часу, а, з другого боку – системами критичного застосування. За результатами аналізу перспективних інформаційно-комунікаційних та комп’ютерних мереж критичного застосування виявлено, що основним проблемами для мереж є їх уразливість до зовнішніх завад різного походження, що погіршує показники QoS, зокрема, продуктивність. Розглянуто процес аналізу енергетичних та інформаційних характеристик безпроводових мереж критичного застосування. Введено та обґрунтовано основні критерії оцінки якості функціонування комп’ютеризованих систем управління повітряним рухом. Визначено багатовимірний функціонал ефективності інформаційно-обчислювальної та керуючої комп’ютерної мережі – такої системи критичного застосування, якою є система управління повітряним рухом та інформаційно-комунікаційна мережа аеровузла. Для постійного контролю характеристик  мережних на належному рівні розроблено методику розрахунку поточного співвідношення сигнал/(завади плюс шуми). За результатами аналізу енергетичних та інформаційних характеристик мережі встановлено їх взаємозв’язок, не завжди очевидний, але вельми показовий та корисний, наприклад, для розв’язання завдань багатокритеріальної оптимізації параметрів та управління станом мережі. Рішення проблеми багатокритеріальної оптимізації досягається за рахунок скалярного підходу до векторної оптимізації через метод аналізу ієрархій Сааті. Стійкість рішення забезпечується вставкою в матрицю пріоритетів випадкових компонент.
РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦІЯ ВІЙНИ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКИМИ КОНЦЕПТАМИ ПОСТМОДЕРНІЗМУ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ)
Authors: Клюєнко Едуард
Published: December 2023

Анотація. У статті на основі найважливіших соціально-філософських концептів постмодернізму досліджуються проявиросійсько-української війни, оскільки значна кількість новітніх ознак сучасних війн можуть бути адекватно зрозумілими зурахуванням відповідної їм концептуальної мови опису сучасної епохи. Розкрито, які саме наявні прояви війни можутьвважатися постмодерними (або дотичними до них), та як вони можуть бути репрезентовані основними концептамипостмодерністських соціально-філософських теорій. В статті виділено вісім соціально-філософських концептівпостмодернізму та представлено аналіз їхніх проявів у війні, показано можливості розпізнання проявів впливу елементівпостмодерності в конкретній актуальній війні.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ У МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВІДНОСИНАХ
Authors: Пода Тетяна
Published: December 2023

Анотація. Стаття присвячена аналізу теоретичних засідок стратегічного прогнозування у міжнароднихвідносинах. Особлива увага приділена визначенню основних етапів та методів стратегічного прогнозування усучасних умовах перебігу міжнародних відносин.
A New Record of Genus Parastigmaeus (Acariformes: Stigmaeidae) from Türkiye
Authors: AKYOL Mustafa
Published: December 2023

Parastigmaeus urmiaensis Mohammad Doustaresharaf and Bagheri, 2019 is founded for the first time from Türkiye and new report to genus Parastigmaeus the mite fauna of Türkiye. One female specimen of the species is collected from soil and litter under Spartium junceum (Fabaceae) Manisa province, Türkiye. P. urmiaensis is redescribed and illustrated based on the adult female.
GLOBAL TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND MODERNIZATION OF DOMESTIC POLICY
Authors: Pifko O. O.
Published: December 2023

The relevance of conducting a detailed analysis of global trends in higher education and their reflection in the national educational policy today is due to a number of important factors. Monitoring global trends is important because they identify new challenges and opportunities for national education systems.
Firstly, in connection with the growth of global competition in the labor market, national systems of higher education must adapt to international standards and requirements in order to prepare graduates who will be competitive on the world stage. Global technological and economic trends require higher education to constantly update programs to provide graduates with up-to-date skills.
Secondly, understanding global trends in higher education is important for building an ef­fective national education policy. Modern challenges, such as the international mobility of students and scientists, call for the development of strategies that promote interaction with other countries and the implementation of the best global practices in domestic educational systems.
Thirdly, due to the diversity of cultures and languages, the globalization of higher educa­tion requires the development of strategies that will promote cultural diversity and intercultural understanding among students and teachers.
Thus, a thorough analysis of global trends in higher education and their impact on domes­tic educational policy becomes strategically important for national governments and educational institutions.
The introduction discusses the importance of understanding and taking into account global trends for modernizing domestic educational strategies. It is noted that global transformations create a need to harmonize domestic policies with the requirements of the modern world. Next, the article examines in detail the impact of globalization on the competitiveness of higher education. The factors that determine the quality and development of education in the national context are studied, in particular, how global competition affects the choice of students and the attractiveness of higher education institutions. In addition, the article considers the prospects of modernization of domestic educational policies in the conditions of globalization. Special attention is paid to the need to adapt programs, structures and training methods to international standards and expectations. The conclusions summarize the main conclusions regarding the importance of adapting domestic educational policies to global trends to ensure the sustainable development of higher education and the training of competitive personnel on the international labor market.
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: ADAPTATION TO PERSONAL NEEDS IN THE CONTEXT OF ANTHROPOCENTRIC VALUES
Authors: Kalyniuk S. S.
Published: December 2023

This scientific article is devoted to the study of the problem of inclusive education in the context of modern anthropocentric values. The author analyzes the implementation of the tools of inclusive education in the process of adaptation to the needs of the individual in the condi­tions of anthropocentrism, focused on the recognition and protection of the rights and dignity of each individual. The article examines the main principles of inclusive education aimed at implementing an environment that promotes the development of diverse talents and ensuring access to education for all. The article emphasizes the need to take into account the individual needs of students with different characteristics, including physical, mental and social character­istics. An analysis of the terminological content of anthropocentrism and inclusiveness as political and legal phenomena is carried out. The article examines the impact of anthropocentric values on inclusive education. The challenges of adapting education to the individual needs of the individual are analyzed. The conceptual aspects of inclusive education are highlighted and the role of the individual in the educational process is outlined.
The article is aimed at raising awareness of the importance of inclusive education and its role in the formation of a harmonious society, where each individual has the opportunity to re­veal his potential and make his own contribution to the development of society. The relevance of the study also lies in the growing need of modern society for a developed system of inclusive education, which would take into account the individual needs of each student. In the changing anthropocentric context, where the emphasis is on the protection and recognition of the rights of each individual, inclusive education becomes a key factor in the formation of a harmonious society. This article makes an important contribution to the understanding and development of inclusive education by offering specific recommendations for adapting educational systems to the needs of diverse students, which is critically important in the context of the ever-growing diversity of student audiences and the desire to create an inclusive society.
Vpliv digitalizacije na človekovo dostojanstvo in spoštovanje zasebnega in družinskega življenja
Authors: Štrukelj Teja
Published: December 2023

Prispevek se osredotoča na problematiko varstva človekovega dostojanstva ter zasebnega in družinskega življenja v digitalni dobi. Prvi del izhaja iz predpostavke, da je človekovo dostojanstvo pogoj za uresničevanje ostalih temeljnih pravic, v naslednjih delih pa so izpostavljeni določeni primeri, v katerih lahko pride do njihove okrnitve in domnevno tudi kršitve. S tem v mislih sta najprej predstavljeni pravna podlaga in opredelitev pravic, nato pa si sledijo posamezna področja, in sicer zdravstvo, video nadzor in zvočno snemanje, prepoznava obraza (angl. facial recognition), sledenje lokacije in internet stvari. Končni cilj tega prispevka je osvetliti izbrane temeljne pravice v digitalni dobi ter na tehtnico postaviti človekovo dostojanstvo na eni strani in tehnološki razvoj na drugi.
Management strategies for refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Shin Jung-Won
Published: December 2023

Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is defined as the persistence of either clinical or electrographic seizures despite the administration of appropriate doses of an initial benzodiazepine and suitable second-line antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The Neurocritical Care Society and the American Epilepsy Society have proposed a treatment paradigm for the management of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE). The third-line therapy in refractory CSE may involve general anesthesia using intravenous midazolam, propofol, or other agents, while recent evidence supports the use of ketamine to manage RSE in both adults and children. However, although these treatment strategies are frequently employed in nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), the efficacy of AEDs and anesthetics in NCSE has not been thoroughly investigated. Recent evidence has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of newer AEDs, including levetiracetam and lacosamide, in the treatment of status epilepticus (SE) and RSE, which also encompasses NCSE. Use of multiple combinations of various intravenous AEDs can also be considered in NCSE before the administration of general anesthesia. In addition, AEDs alone exhibit limited effectiveness in managing SE for new-onset RSE (NORSE) and its subset, febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome. Therefore, in cases of refractory status, it is imperative to explore treatment options beyond AEDs, including immunotherapy and the incorporation of a ketogenic diet. The present review suggests treatment approaches for RSE based on subgroups, including CSE, NCSE, and NORSE. A discussion of recent clinical studies on AEDs and anesthetics in the management of RSE, as well as proposed treatment methods for NORSE, is also provided.
On the Issue of the Typological Definition of the So-called “Central European Castell”
Authors: Hobl Luboš
Published: December 2023

Typology is one of the fundamental archaeological methods that helps to organise large amounts of data and facilitates their handling. It is also used in castellology, where it categorises castles into various types, for example, on the basis of their layout, as observed in Czech castellology. Among these classifications, the socalled Central European castell has proved to be particularly problematic. Nevertheless, none of the representatives within this group completely aligns with the definition formulated by T. Durdík. The best-explored representatives of this group, which come closest to meeting the definition, are the castles in Písek and Kadaň. For this reason, they served as analogies for other supposed representatives, forming the basis for the conceptualisation of the original form. Recent research has cast doubts on their inclusion in this typological group. In contrast to the examples mentioned above, there are other sites that come close to the definition, yet their classification into the group of so-called Central European castell has been questioned, to say the least. The issues discussed in this article underscore the insufficient level of knowledge available regarding the representatives of the so-called Central European castell, effectively challenging the legitimacy of using this type in terms of an archaeological method. A potential solution to this situation lies in reclassifying them into another typological group, preferably within the category of castles with a perimeter layout, which would allow their further use. Moreover, such a merger would eliminate the artificial boundaries currently separating these related sites. Nevertheless, typology should primarily be regarded as a method that helps and simplifies the handling of accumulated data. Existing groups require revision to make them more applicable for further research. This should not be limited to the assessment of architectural and historical qualities; it should also incorporate other approaches that have been underutilised thus far. This will help to create a more nuanced understanding and improved comprehension of castle sites.
Przeobrażenia terenów pofortecznych na przykładzie Torunia w świetle koncepcji M.R.G. Conzena
Authors: Deptuła Magdalena
Published: December 2023

Zagospodarowanie terenów dawnych fortyfikacji w krajobrazie miast europejskich obejmuje zwykle reprezentacyjne budowle instytucjonalne i tereny o funkcjach publicznych. Stanowi czytelną strefę będącą świadectwem dawnej potęgi historycznych miast i podkreśla odrębność obszarów pofortecznych w ich strukturze przestrzennej. Tworzy jednocześnie przedłużenie zespołu staromiejskiego oraz zapewnia strefę wypoczynku i rekreacji dla mieszkańców aglomeracji miejskich. Przeobrażenia strefy dawnych fortyfikacji w Toruniu doprowadziły do powstania krajobrazu miejskiego, który można przyrównać do wielu miast europejskich. W artykule, na tle rozwoju nowożytnych fortyfikacji bastionowych w Europie i w Polsce, dokonano charakterystyki rozwoju fortyfikacji miejskich w Toruniu (cz. prawobrzeżnej), analizy ich późniejszych przeobrażeń oraz zagospodarowania w kontekście koncepcji fringe belt M.R.G. Conzena.
The transformation of spatial linkages in Łódź urban agglomeration in the last four decades
Authors: Pielesiak Iwona
Published: December 2023

The transformation of centrally planned economy into market economy brought significant changes within Łódź urban agglomeration both in the structure and strength of spatial linkages. Those changes refer in particular to permanent migrations, as well as workforce and students’ commuting flows. They lead to strengthening the role of Łódź as the cultural centre of the region and the development of linkages within technical infrastructural networks. The socio-economic transition changed the conditions of institutional cooperation, too. However, taking contemporary inter-municipal relationships into consideration Łódź urban agglomeration doesn’t seem to keep up with other Polish agglomerations, even those of significantly lesser socio-economic potential.
Nutritional Profiling and its Significance in Groundnut: A Review
Authors: Balasubramanian P. , Subbulakshmi B. , Balmurugan M. , Gurumeenakshi G. , Prasanth R.C. , Deepika R. , Surya R.
Published: December 2023

Groundnut is calorie-dense and packed with vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other nutrients that are vital for maintaining good health. The human dietary system includes groundnut like energy that could prevent immune-based disorders, decrease chronic disease risk and promote longevity. Also, hunger and malnutrition are serious threats in developing countries which can be reduced by the food supplements like groundnut which are nutrient-rich as well as bioactive compounds for the growth and calorie absorption in living things. With these, groundnut is commercially important crops that contribute significantly to the food and feed industry in the future. This review focuses on the nutritional components of groundnut related to human health exclusively are presented.
FREUD’S VIEW ON THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION AND ITS CRITICISM ACCORDING TO ‘AQL AND NAQL
Authors: Hosseini Eskandian Abdullah , Babaei Ali
Published: December 2023

The origin of religion is one of the important issues in the philosophy of religion and new theology (kâlâm), which has always been the source of suspicion among some materialists and atheists. The answer to this question determines the identity of religion and reveals its divine or human aspect. From the perspective of God-believing thinkers, religion has a divine origin and has been legislated by God and Prophets for the guidance of people. On the other hand, materialists and atheist philosophers consider religion an estimate of human will, lust, and ignorance, and instead of a heavenly origin, they believe that religion has an earthly origin, and religion cannot be attributed to an origin beyond this material world and material man. Meanwhile, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) sees the origin of religion in human complexes and instincts, and beyond this, he does not consider any other origin for religion. In this article, with a descriptive-argumentative method and an analytical approach, an attempt is made to investigate and criticize Freud's point of view on the origin of religion. Freud's point of view in terms of reason (‘aql) and inspired transmission (Quranic and hadith principles of Islam, naql) faces some challenges and impasses, such as the inexplicability of the mechanism that instinct of the origin of religion, the mythology of father-son relationship and its uniqueness in Christianity, the irrationality of believing in totemism, ethnic and limited view, as well as Freud's view on the origin of religion. This view conflicts with many Quranic verses and human nature.
La “post-verdad” como hecho social: Hechos sociales, intencionalidad y verdad en John Searle
Authors: Camelo Diego
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se pretende desarrollar la tesis según la cual es posible hablar de “post-verdad” en la medida que sea entendida como un hecho construido socialmente, en el que, mediante el uso del lenguaje, la adecuación de un enunciado y la realidad sobre la cual se enuncia están determinadas por el interés del hablante de hacer que el oyente reconozca su intencionalidad, recurriendo a la correspondencia arbitraria de “hechos alternativos”. Para ello, se examinará, a la luz de la ontología social propuesta por John Searle, el modo en que un acto de habla opera en la emergencia de un hecho social, identificando la relación que este proceso guarda con las condiciones de verdad. Se analizarán algunos argumentos que soportan la idea de la realidad social como producto de la intencionalidad colectiva, para luego explicar la manera en que los hechos institucionales se constituyen a partir del uso de un tipo de acto de habla denominado “Declaraciones”.
Interaction of Saliva with Cobalt-Chromium-Based Dental Alloys in Casted Prosthetic Pieces
Authors: Adina Bosca Bianca
Published: December 2023

Cobalt-chromium-based (CoCr) alloys are more frequently used in dental field compared with the precious metal alloys because they are cheaper, resistant to corrosion and compatible with dental ceramic that is used as aesthetic component of prosthetics. The physical properties of CoCr based alloys available on the dental materials market are variable, depending on the concentrations of elements such as tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo). This study assessed the corrosion behavior and surface properties of five commercially available CoCr alloys with different contents of W and Mo. Firstly, the alloy casted samples were analyzed from the corrosion's point of view in artificial saliva (Ringer Solution). A current potential was applied to the surfaces for 120min, in an open circuit. Secondly, the specimens of dental casting alloys (CoCrMo, CoCrMoW and CoCrW alloys) were oxidized at high-temperature. All the samples were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscopic images of the oxide films on the alloys surface were captured. The high content W alloys showed a linear and stable anticorrosion tendency in an open circuit current potential applied to the surface, in artificial saliva compared with the alloy without W, whose passive layer broke and recreated at the same potential. The SEM analyses showed that the CoCr-based alloys with 15% wt. content of W had created a stable oxide layer, with a higher density than the alloy without W. In conclusion, the stability and resistance of oxide passive layer on CoCrW alloys surface had better anti-corrosion properties than the CoCrMo alloys. CoCr-based alloys with W content can be used as a single casted alloy for prosthetics dental structures, avoiding bimetallism and the corrosive effect in contact with saliva.
Self-Explanatory Under Funded Project Study of Biology Concept Mapping Instruction as an Activator of Students’ Performance in the Teaching and Learning of Excretion
Authors: Hajare Rahul
Published: December 2023

Concept mapping instructional approach as an activator of students’ performance in the teaching and learning of excretion has investigated. The quasi experimental design has employed. Purposive sampling technique has used to select three intact biology classes of SHS 2 students with a total sample size of 108. The two main instruments used for data collection have General Knowledge in Biology Performance Test (GKBPT) and Students’ Performance Test in Excretion (SPTE) with K-R 20 reliability coefficient of 0.812 and 0.866 respectively. Point Bi-serial Correlation, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, effect size, chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis H test were employed to analyse the quantitative data collected using the students’ achievement scores. The study showed that the effect size of the students’ performance in the concept mapping of the post-test scores have better than that of the pre-test scores. The instructional approach did not only improve students’ achievement in the biology course but also helped the students to retain the concept learned for longer period. Based on the result, recommendations have been made.
Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Scarcity linked with Hepatic Disease
Authors: Parmar Mihir Y
Published: December 2023

Alpha 1-Antitrypsin (AAT) insufficiency is the most common genetic cause of hepatic disease in children and genetic disease for which children undergo hepatic transplantation. It also causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in adults. Mutant Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Z molecule undergoes polymerization in the endoplasmic reticulum and that a subpopulation of Alpha Antitrypsin deficient individuals may be susceptible to hepatic injury because they also have a trait that reduces the efficiency by which the mutant Alpha Antitrypsin Z molecule is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum.
The Model of Psychological Roles in Alcoholic Families Needs to be Revised
Authors: Margasiński Andrzej 
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the process of developing the Family Roles Questionnaire (FRQ) research tool, which measures the psychological roles played by young adults in their families. Following Wegscheider-Cruse roles/research scales of Hero, Mascot, Lost Child, and Scapegoat were distinguished. The role/scale of Iron Child was added to indicate an individual who doesn't suffer any obvious mental damage despite growing in dysfunctional environment on the basis of multiple reports from the resilience trend. Among women and men from alcoholic families virtually every role came out with a high rate, but the highest average result was in the Scapegoat role. Roles of Hero and Mascot in women, and Lost Child in men, usually treated as specific for alcohol families, did not show up relevant. There are differences between men and women in the scale of Iron Child, which suggests that each gender preferred different adaptive mechanisms.