bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuatro escenarios para una transición política en Cuba
Authors: Campo García María Esther del , Peralta Víctor
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: Este artículo trata de mostrar las cuatro diferentes coyunturas en términos de oportunidades políticas, sociales, ideológicas y económicas para la transición política en Cuba. Así, proponemos que las posibilidades de cada uno de estos escenarios dependerán de la estrategia de poder, las opciones económicas, los cambios ideológicos, las relaciones internacionales y el comportamiento de la sociedad civil.ABSTRACT: This article tries to offer four different conjunctures in terms of political, social, ideological and economical choices for the political transition in Cuba. Therefore, we propose that the possibilities of each other of these ones will depend from the power-holders, the economical choices, the ideological changes, the international relations and the civil society behaviour.
El proceso político en Cuba y la cuestión de la reforma
Authors: Kapcia Antoni
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: ?El autor trata de dar respuesta a la continua evolución de la estructura política cubana a partir de los cambios acaecidos en 1989 e incluso remontándose al mismo momento de la victoria de la revolución en 1959, enfatizando los debates y condicionantes internos. En este sentido, identifica los principales factores que pueden determinar el futuro de la Isla: 1) los éxitos o fracasos de la economía, a nivel macro pero también a nivel doméstico; 2) el nivel y la eficacia de las presiones ejercidas desde Washington; 3) la participación de Fidel Castro en la estructura y el proceso de determinar las decisiones; 4) la eficacia de los sistemas de participación; y 5) el papel a jugar por las Fuerzas Armadas de la Revolución (FAR).ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the interna] conditionants of the evolution of the Cuban political structure from the 1959 revolution. It identifies the main factors affecting the Cuban future: 1) the successes and failures of the economy; 2) the level and efficency of the pressures exercised by Washington; 3) the role of Fidel Castro in the decisionmaking process; 4)the efficiency of the participatory processes, and 5) the role played by the Armed Forces.
"Y yo pasé, sereno entre los viles: Estado, Revolución e Iglesia en Cuba, 1959-1961"
Authors: Álvarez Cuartero Izaskun
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: El presente artículo aborda las relaciones mantenidas entre la Iglesia católica y el gobierno de La Habana desde el triunfo de la Revolución hasta 1961, fecha de la salida de numerosos sacerdotes y religiosas de la isla. Se reconstruye y analiza un corto período de tiempo que marcaría un punto de inflexión en dichas relaciones, iniciando una nueva etapa dentro del largo proceso revolucionario cubano.ABSTRACT: The present article studies the relations between the Catholic Church and the govenment of Havana from the triumph of the Revolution to 1961; in this year, most of the priests and nuns were sent of the island. The article analyzes that time which means a valuable change in the nature of those relations, beginning a new phase within the long Cuban revolutionary process.
¿Descentralización administrativa o ciudadanía popular?
Authors: Rodríguez Villasante Tomás
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: El autor pasa revista a los diferentes aspectos y posiciones de la polémica sobre el tema de la descentralización y los contrasta con las diversas experiencias llevadas a cabo por distintas fuerzas políticas y sociales con distintos métodos y objetivos en los últimos años en América LatinaABSTRACT: The author revises the different aspects and positions of the debate about the issue of decentralization and its contrast with different experiences that are being implemented nowadays by different political and social forces with different methods and objectives, in the last years in Latin America.
La evaluación del proceso de descentralización en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Guerra Rodríguez Carlos
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: Trás presentar el contexto creado por la Reforma Administrativa del Régimen Militar en Chile, se identifica la problemática que lleva a impulsar la Reforma Comunal de la provincia de Santiago. Se consideran objetivos, estrategias, localización, proceso, calendario y desarrollo de esta Reforma. Por último, se evalúa el alcance.ABSTRACT: After explaining the context created by the Administrative Reform of the Military Regime in Chile. The author identifies the problematic aspects which impulsed the communal reform in the Province of Santiago. In the article are considerated objectives, strategies, localizations, process, timing. and development of this reform. At the end. there is also an evaluation of its scope.
La política exterior de Cuba hacia América Latina, reflexiones en torno a la "exportación del comunismo"
Authors: Fabbri Carlos Andrés
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: El propósito del artículo es reflexionar, dentro del vasto tema de la política exterior del régimen castrista hacia América Latina, sobre la cuestión del propósito cubano de "exportar la revolución comunista" hacia el resto del continente. Los objetivos de la política exterior cubana hacia Latinoamérica se han inspirado en una determinada concepción del "latinoamericanismo", ideas muy anteriores a la Revolución Cubana y por lo tanto no exclusivas de ella. Por otro lado creemos que la mentada intención de "exportar la revolución" fue un mito inventado por los EEUU que por cierto encontró un extendido eco en la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos, fundamentalmente en la década de los sesentas. El artículo termina con unas breves reflexiones en torno al futuro de Cuba en su relación con América Latina. Dada la desaparición del bloque comunista, Latinoamérica se presentaría como la región de mayor importancia para la política exterior de la isla. Se diversificarán las relaciones internacionales ocupando ya no sólo temas políticos, sino relaciones comerciales y económicas en general.ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to reflect on the vast subject of the castroist regimes foreing policy towards Latin America, about the question of the cuban purpose to "export the communist revolution" to the rest of the continent. The objectives of cuban foreing policy towards Latin America have been inspired by the determinated concepts of "latinamericanism" and by "anti-imperialism", ideas which existed before to the Cuban Revolution and therefore not exclusive to it. On the other hand we believe that the ulterior motive of "exporting the revolution" was a myth invented by the United States which certainly found and extended vibration in the majority of Latin American countries, essentially in the sixties. The article finished with some brief reflexions surrounding the future of Cuba and its relationship with Latin America. Given the disappearance of the communist block, Latin America presents itself as the most important region for the island's foreing policy. lnternational relations will diversify, occupying not only political matters, but commercial and economic relations in general.
El último intento golpista en la coyuntura venezolana
Authors: Ramos María Luisa
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: El último intento de golpe de Estado en Venezuela puso de manifiesto una vez más la profunda crisis que sufre el sistema político. A traves del análisis de desarrollo de los acontecimientos y de los factores políticos y sociales que lo hicieron posible, la autora señala finalmente las posibles consecuencias que para el sistema ha podido tener este grave episodio.ABSTRACT: The last attempt of coup d'etat in Venezuela exposed one more time the profund crisis of the Venezuelan political system. Through the analysis of the events and the political and social factors which made possible the coup, the author shows finally the possible consequences for the whole system.
La democracia y la modernización, treinta arios después
Authors: Nun José
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: En el presente artículo el autor critica la tendencia a la autoidentificación de la izquierda con el pensamiento utópico. Al mismo tiempo critica, a partir del análisis de M. Weber de la técnica y del progreso, la pretensión del neoliberalismo de ser la única opción instrumentalmente racional. En este sentido el autor plantea que la orientación del desarrollo y de la razón instrumental está condicionada causal y funcionalmente por las relaciones de poder político económico y cultural en las cuales se eligen y seleccionan las acciones y los fines de los hombres.ABSTRACT: In this article, the author criticyzes the tendency to the autoidentification of the left with the utopic thought. At the same time, he also critycyzes, from the Weberian analysis of technic and progress, the neoliberal atempt to be the only rational instrumentally option. In this sense, the author poses thar the orientation of development and the instrumental ration is conditioned in its cause and function by the relations of political, economical and cultural power in which are selected the action and aims of men.
Utopías, relaciones de poder y desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas
Authors: Narbondo Pedro
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: El desarrollo se produce por la acción de los hombres en función de sus fines. Por acción entiendo la defínición que da Kant: «Acción significa la relación del sujeto de la causalidad con el efecto ». La acción humana se produce o bien como resultado de reacciones instintivas, o bien como resultado de la aplicación de los conocimientos de los hombres a la utilización de las capacidades físicas de los hombres y —mediante estas capacidades físicas— de los objetos exteriores a los hombres.
¿Por qué no la Segunda República Argentina?
Authors: Alcántara Sáez Manuel
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: El autor analiza en este artículo el proceso de Reforma Constitucional que se está desarrollando en Argentina. Teniendo en cuenta la coyuntura actual del régimen político, el desarollo de este proceso de reforma y los cambios previstos que van a resultar de esta «Refundación de la República» el autor apunta las posibilidades y problemas que estos datos permiten vislumbrar.ABSTRACT: In this article, the author analyzes the present process of Constitutional Reform in Argentina. Studying the current moment of argentinian political regime, the development of this reform process and possible changes of this «Republic Refoundation» the author points out the possibilities and problems that this information indicates.
Mujer y desarrollo. Reflexiones sobre el feminismo del Norte y el desarrollo del Sur
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Rocío
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: La autora reflexiona sobre la posición de las mujeres dentro de la filosofía, políticas y estrategias de la cooperación para el desarrollo, con especial énfasis en el caso de las mujeres latinoamericanas.ABSTRACT: The author discusses the position of women into philosophy, politics and strategies of cooperation to development, with special focus on the case of latinamerican women.
Paraguay: la constitución de la identidad femenina en el campo
Authors: Fogel Ramón B. , Heikel María Victoria , Olazar Cristina
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: A partir de una investigación cualitativa en el medio rural paraguayo, los autores sostienen que "los contenidos de las entrevistas definen las formas como las campesinas se representan sus papeles de madre, esposa y ama de casa y, particularmente, su conducta reproductiva. Estas ideas y construcciones propias del sentido común están en la base de la conducta cotidiana de estas mujeres y en sus decisiones referidas a alternativas de acción".ABSTRACT: Having done a cualitative research in the paraguayas rural milieu, the authors argue that "the contents of the interviews define the forms countrywomen imagine their orles of mother, wife and housewife, specially, their reproductive behaviors. These ideas and constructions of common sense are in the base of their dayly behaviors and in their decisions about alternative ways of action."
Las legisladoras argentinas. Estudio sobre la participación política de las mujeres
Authors: Archenti Nélida , Gómez Patricia Laura
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: Las autoras analizan la participación política de las mujeres en Argentina, a través de su quehacer en el Poder Legislativo del período 1983-1991. Señalan que, una vez pasados los primeros años de la transición democrática, la labor legislativa de las mujeres perdió especificidad de género y se desarrolló hacia intereses generales de la ciudadanía. Pero la introducción de la "Ley de cuotas" abrió nuevas alternativas para la articulación de las demandas de género.ABSTRACT: The authors analyse the political participation of women in Argentina, throught their activity in the Legislative Power (1983-1991). They argue that after first years of democratic transition, the legislative activity of the women forgot its genre specificities and developed towards general interests of the citizenship. But the introduction of the "Law of Quotas", they argue, opened news opportunities for the articulation of genre demands.
Colombia: reconstrucción de la esfera pública y voto cívico-independiente
Authors: Delgado Oscar , Cárdenas Rivera Miguel Eduardo
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: Frente a la exclusión tradicional generada por el bipartidismo colombiano emergen nuevas mentalidades y reacciones colectivas expresadas en el crecimiento del voto cívico independiente, reflejo de una pérdida de las lealtades y sentimientos de pertenencia. Además, la actual oposición interna al gobierno alienta un proceso de recuperación de la esfera pública liberal que brinda oportunidades para la acción de nuevos agentes sociales que buscan un nuevo orden democrático.ABSTRACT: In reaction to the traditional exclusion provoqued by Colombian bipartitism, we can notice the rising of new mentalities and social conflicts, which hace produced an increment of the so-called "civicindependent" vote. This trend is a reflection of the disolution of the loyalties to the old parties system. Moreover, the present internal oposition to the government provoqued a reactivating process of the public liberal sphere and opens some new opportunities for the action of new social agents in search of a new democratic status.
Las elecciones presidenciales en Perú
Authors: Tuesta Soldevilla Fernando
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: Este artículo presenta un comentario de los resultados de las elecciones presidenciales de 1995 en Perú. Después de realizar un repaso de los datos resultantes de los comicios, el autor analiza algunas de las razones que explican el amplio triunfo del presidente Fujimori, quien diluyó su imagen autoritaria en los éxitos obtenidos en materia de estabilización económica y pacificación social. Seguidamente se repasan los procesos que enmarcaron esta evolución política: el declive de los partidos políticos, la debilidad de las instituciones, la evolución de la prefencia de voto y el aumento de la participación de la mujer en el ámbito político.ABSTRACT: This article presents a comment about the results of the last presidential elections in Peru. Following an overview of the electoral data, the author analizes some of the reasons of the presidente Fujimori's victory, who diluted his autoritharian imagen behind his successful policy on subjects such as economic stabilization and terrorism. Next, he makes a reflection on the various processes which framed such a political evolution: the decline of the political parties, the weakness of the different political institutions, the changes on the electoral preferences and the increase of women's political participation.
Gobernahilidad, democracia y reforma del estado: los desafíos de la construcción de un nuevo orden en Brasil en los años 90
Authors: Diniz Eli
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: Las múltiples dimensiones de la crisis brasileña han quedado oscurecidas por su vertiente económica. Por esta razón, la problemática de la gobernabilidad ha sido abordada en la gran mayoría de los estudios desde la óptica del ajuste macroeconómico, centrado en la crisis fiscal del Estado. No obstante, es necesario atender a diversos problemas políticos -tanto a estructuras institucionales como a dinámicas sociales específicas- que inciden sobre el tipo governance que se configura desde el aparato de estado e influyen en el carácter incluyente (democrático o no) de la resolución de la coyuntura de crisis.ABSTRACT: The multiple dimensions of brazilean crisis have been covered by its economic aspect. For this reason, the problem of govemability has been analyzed in the most of the studies from the perspective of the macroeconomic adjustment, centered in the state fiscal crisis. However, it is necessary to attend the different political problems, in terms of institutional structures and specifical social dynamics, which affect the type governance configured from the state aparatus and which influence the inclusing character (democratic or non) to solve the critical conjucture.
El Mercosur como una prioridad de la política exterior brasileña
Authors: Gomes Saraiva Miriam
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: En este artículo se presentan los antecedentes, constitución y primeros momentos del proceso de integración emprendido por Brasil, Argentina, Paraguay y Uruguay. Desde una perspectiva brasileña, la autora señala de qué manera una historia caracterizada por las tensiones diplomáticas fue convirtiéndose en un presente definido por metas comunes. También analiza los factores externos e internos que impulsaron a Brasil a la estrategia de la integración. Finalmente resume algunos de los avances económicos e institucionales conseguidos a lo largo del proceso y que definen el modelo de inserción de la economía brasileña en la mundial.ABSTRACT: In this article there are displayed the antecedents, constitution and first moments of the process of integration undetaken by Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. From a brazilean perspective, the author specifies the way in which a history of diplomacy tensions ends with common goals. There are also described the external and internal factors which impulsed Brazil into the strategy of integration. Finally, the author resumes some of the economic and institutional advances got during the process which define the model of insertion of brazilean economy in the world market.
Sindicatos y centrales sindicales en Brasil en los años 80 y 90
Authors: Comin Alvaro A.
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un balance de la trayectoria de las principales centrales sindicales brasileñas en esta última década y media y reflexionar sobre los límites y posibilidades existentes para su efectiva consolidación como organismos centralizados de representación de los intereses de los trabajadores. En primer lugar, el artículo menciona algunas diferencias que separan la experiencia de la formación de las centrales sindicales en los países desarrollados y en Brasil. Posteriormente se analizan el proceso de formación de las centrales sindicales, los principales clivages que determinan la división del movimiento sindical en el inicio de los años 80 y la trayectoria de las principales centrales a lo largo de aquella década. En el siguiente punto, se presenta un cuadro corporativo de las dos principales centrales (CUT y FS) que polarizan la escena en los años 90. Finalmente, se concluye con algunas especulaciones sobre las posibilidades de cambio en el interior del cuadro jurídico-institucional que regula la actual estructura de las relaciones capital-trabajo y de la organización sindical en Brasil y sus consecuencias en términos de consolidación de las centrales sindicales.ABSTRACT: The goal of this article is to make a historical balance of the main brazilean trade unions in the last ten years. The author deals about its possibilities to fit its function: to represent the interest of workers. At first time, it is mentioned some differences between the experiences of brazilean trade unionsand the european ones. Then, the author analyzes the process of formation and history of brazilean trade unions and the main cleavages of these ones during the eighties. The next item is a comparative analysis of the two main trade unions (CUT an FS) during the nineties. Finally, the article finishes with some reflections about the possibilities of change within the rules between capital and work in Brazil.
Los movimientos sociales en la transición democrática. El caso de las Madres de Plaza de Mayo: sentimiento y discurso
Authors: D'alessandro Martín
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: El presente artículo hace un repaso por el surgimiento y consolidación de Madres de Plaza de Mayo como movimiento social que inició sus actividades cuestionando la lucha antisubversiva emprendida por la dictadura militar argentina. Plantea además como este movimiento ha sufrido una radicalización de su discurso en la época de la transición a la democracia, cuando se desarrolla el enjuiciamiento de las Juntas Militares, y a partir de ese momento deciden enfrentarse al "sistema burgués". El discurso de Madres de Plaza de Mayo es inicialmente ético y moral para posteriormente adquirir matices de izquierda.ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the emergence and consolidation of the "Madres de Plaza de Mayo" as a social movement which initiated its action questioning the repressive policies led by the Argentine military dictatorship. It shows how the "Madres" undertook a radicalization of its discourse during the democratic transition, as the military "Juntas" were tried by Argentine courts. At this moment, the "Madres" dcided to struggle against the "bourgeois system." The discourse of the Madres was initially ethical and moral, and it became later left wing oriented.
El Partido Frente Grande, análisis de una experiencia inconclusa
Authors: Abal Medina Juan Manuel
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: El sistema argentino de partidos fue históricamente considerado como una forma especial de bipartidismo (polarizado, hegemónico, etcétera). Sin embargo en los últimos años el crecimiento de un nuevo partido, el Frente Grande, que se ubica en la centroizquierda del espectro y que está formado básicamente por antiguos militantes del Partido Justicialista, ha llevado al sistema hacia un formato pluripartidista limitado, abriendo una dinámica de coaliciones hasta entonces impensable. El trabajo aborda el surgimiento y crecimiento de este partido, analizando las similitudes y diferencias que presenta a la luz de las experiencias partidarias estudiadas tradicionalmente por la literatura especializada.ABSTRACT: The Argentinean party system was historically considered as a special form of bipartidism (polarized, dominant, etc). Howeyer, in the last years the growth of a new party, the Frente Grande has driven to the political system towards a multi-party system and opening a new dynamic of coalitions unthinkable until then. The party stand in the center left of the spectrum and it's formed basically by old militants of the Peronist party. This work studies the source and growth of this party, analyzing the similarities and difference that it present under the light of the party experiences already studied by the traditional literature.
Reformas estructurales y régimen político. Argentina, 1989-1994
Authors: Palermo V.
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN: En el contexto de un doble proceso de transición, tanto política como económica, caracterizado por las fuertes convulsiones económicas y las reformas institucionales, Vicente Palermo intenta analizar el período de gestión gubernamental argentino entre 1989 y 1994. Se centra en el estudio de la interacción entre los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo, describiendo los vínculos que, en torno a la agenda de reformas institucionales, se establecieron entre los diferentes poderes, y evaluando el impacto de esa interacción sobre las propias instituciones del régimen político.ABSTRACT: In the context of a double transitional process, political and economical, characterized by hard economical convulsions and institutional reforms, Vicente Palermo tries to analyze the Argentinian governamental gestion in the period between 1989 and 1994. He focused on the interaction between executive and legislative powers and describes the links constitued by different powers related to the structural reform agenda. He finally evaluates the impact of this interaction on the the political regime institutions.
POTENSI BAKTERI LAUT UNTUK BIOREMEDIASI
Authors: Afianti Nur Fitriah
Published: March 2020

POTENCY OF MARINE BACTERIA FOR BIOREMEDIATION. Marine bacteria have a high abundance on variation as well as the qenes, so it can be used in variousaspects, including the prevention of marine pollution through bioremediation. High genetic variations provide a source of marine bacteria which has decompose-various substances capability. Various studies have been conducted to determine the potential of marine bacteria in degrading pollutants, including degradation of hydrocarbons, PAH, plastic, PCB and removal of heavy metal. Recombination through the insertion of the marine bacteria’s gene coding enzyme has been also performed on indigenous actinomycetes on soil.
Google Earth for Land Use Land Cover Detection in the Case of Guntur Urban, Andhra Pradesh, for Public Health Use
Authors: Chinnam Yuvaraju
Published: March 2020

The land use/cover (LULC) pattern is a unique method approached for identifying parameters in developing programs of human needs and welfare, specifically for the planning and implementation purpose. This method enables researchers to understand the important information from and every single parameter involved. In the study, we could count upon the information on various parameters that help to identify the breeding sites and the spread of mosquitos. The study is conducted in the Guntur Urban, state of Andhra Pradesh, wherein the LULC patterns are investigated by using Google Earth imagery. Various relatively static parameters like Dense Vegetation, Sparse Vegetation, Water bodies, and urban area cover are taken into consideration for the determination of (Aedes agypti) dengue causing mosquito-breeding habitats, [6-8],. In this study LULC is used to determine the risk zones that would enable to carry forward the necessary actions to reduce the mosquito-borne diseases, polygon overlay is employed to generate risk maps of the study area, and these risk zones could be further processed for high, moderate and low-risk areas.
Abelmoschus Esculentus (Moench.) Seed Derived Flavonoids Antioxidant Protect the Heart Against Experimental Oxidative Injury
Authors: Atinuke Anjorin O. , Aderibigbe Komolafe, O. , O Ogunlade , Andrew Anjorin O. , Stephen Saka, O. , Ayodeji Odukoya, S.
Published: March 2020

Since oxidative stress impairs the cardiovascular function, the hypothesis from the present study is that the treatment of paraquat-exposed adult Wistar rats with methanolic extract of Abelmoschus esculentus seed would reduce paraquat-induced cardiovascular damage.
Thirty healthy female Wistar rats weighing 120-150 g were randomly assigned into 6 groups of 5 rats each (Groups A, B, C, D, E and F). Rats in groups A served as control and received normal saline while groups B, C, D, E and F received a single dose of paraquat (7mgkg-1i.p.). Rats in group B was sacrificed 24hours following paraquat administration while daily administration of 100 mg kg-1and 200 mg kg-1 of methanolic extract of Abelmoschus esculentus seed extract were given orally to groups C and D while group E received daily oral dose of Vitamin E at 100mgkg-1 and group F was left untreated. Histological and biochemical preparations of the heart was made and data were expressed as mean± SEM. Significant difference was set at p<0.05. Results showed no significance difference (p<0.05) in nitric oxide activity, Glutathione reductase activity, and troponin I activity across the paraquat-exposed groups when compared with control. Histological studies reveal distortion of normal cardiac histo-architecture in paraquat-exposed group B compared with control rats while Abelmoschus esculentus reversed these changes in other treated groups. The study concluded that paraquat caused significant distortion of the cardiac histo-architecture and methanolic extract of immature Abelmoschus esculentus seed had antioxidant and ameliorative effects similar to Vitamin E on paraquat-induced myocardial injury.
Geotecnologia aplicada à diagnose ambiental: Reserva Biológica de Pinheiro Grosso, Barbacena – MG
Authors: Dias Natália Oliveira , Martins Frederico Cássio Moreira , Barros Kelly de Oliveira
Published: March 2020

As Unidades de Conservação são espaços territoriais que apresentam recursos naturais com características relevantes. Tais áreas são utilizadas como estratégia para a proteção da natureza. É neste contexto que o uso de geotecnologias, como os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas e o Sensoriamento Remoto, otimiza a diagnose e o monitoramento ambiental. O estudo analisou o uso e ocupação do solo assim como a fragilidade do cenário atual da Reserva Biológica (ReBio) de Pinheiro Grosso, localizada em Barbacena-MG. Atualmente, a ReBio apresenta 66,18% de sua área ocupada por Vegetação e 33,82% por Área antropizada. A Análise Multicritério revelou que 4,19% da ReBio estão fortemente sujeitos à antropização. Devido à grande pressão antrópica e conflitos socioambientais existentes, sua categoria de Proteção Integral não condiz com a sua atual situação. Sugere-se a delimitação da Zona de Amortecimento da unidade, a implantação emergencial de programas de educação ambiental para a comunidade local, assim como uma maior fiscalização e monitoramento da área, além de sua recategorização como unidade de Uso Sustentável.
Envejecimiento y aspectos bioéticos de la ventilación mecánica en la enfermedad terminal
Authors: Rivas García Francisco
Published: March 2020

El desarrollo científico y tecnológico está provocando la existencia de determinadas técnicas que incrementan la vida durante las patologías crónicas que suelen desembocar, en algunos casos, en una enfermedad terminal durante el envejecimiento. Estas técnicas, cada vez más avanzadas, se engloban bajo el nombre de soporte vital y entre las más frecuentes se encuentra la ventilación mecánica, que es fuente de numerosos dilemas bioéticos para los cuales se necesita disponer de una serie de herramientas útiles para su abordaje.
Ancianos en la investigación de medicamentos
Authors: Martínez Casares Olga , Boceta Muñoz Reyes , Albert Márquez Marta
Published: March 2020

En las últimas décadas se viene produciendo un envejecimiento de la población que es foco de atención de instituciones de ámbito mundial con objeto de promover un envejecimiento saludable. Las enfermedades crónicas forman parte del envejecimiento y la población geriátrica es la mayor consumidora de medicamentos. Limitar la participación de esta población en la investigación clínica puede resultar en la falta de información sobre la eficacia y seguridad. Es necesario definir acciones que incluyan la investigación clínica como parte del envejecimiento saludable ya que promueve el envejecimiento activo y proporciona información relevante para un mejor uso de los medicamentos en esta población.
Metabolismo social y bioética
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin
Published: March 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión es analizar el diálogo interdisciplinario entre el metabolismo social y la bioética como disciplinas que propenden por la vida. La metodología es de corte cualitativo y su método es de revisión documental. La principal conclusión es que el metabolismo social es un enfoque, o una teoría interdisciplinaria, que necesita el diálogo con otras disciplinas para poder solucionar las problemáticas del intercambio entre conglomerados humanos con la naturaleza. En efecto, tanto los lineamientos como los aportes de la bioética pueden contribuir a generar un lenguaje con soluciones más acordes a las necesidades del presente, dada la riqueza conceptual de la bioética y su capacidad de potencializar la vida.
Utilización de animales en la investigación biomédica y médica
Authors: Moctezuma Viera Kenia Raquel
Published: March 2020

El uso de animales en la investigación biomédica es reconocido globalmente por su relevancia en la comprensión de diversas afectaciones en la biología y funcionalidad de especies animales, particularmente del ser humano. Los animales han facilitado la obtención de conocimiento para prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de patologías diversas que involucran la fisiología y homeostasis de sistemas como el endocrino, nervioso e inmune, por mencionar parte de la compleja biología del ser humano. Así, en la intervención de especies animales, a través de la investigación con fines de mejora en la salud humana, se han generado comités de índole nacional e internacional que regulan la manipulación de los organismos vivos, para establecer medidas adecuadas de selección, manejo e intervención que eviten dañar a los individuos desde los procesos de investigación. Sin embargo, la intervención de animales no humanos no siempre se da en las mejores condiciones para los individuos intervenidos con fines clínicos y biomédicos, por lo que se hace necesario obtener información acerca de la investigación con animales no humanos, considerando la intervención y las condiciones de desarrollo de las especies involucradas, así como los protocolos y normatividad que se ajusta a esta práctica científica. Además, es importante conocer las tendencias, en la responsabilidad bioética que implican diversos países en líneas de investigación como la biomedicina y la medicina, con relación a la utilización de diversas especies animales en seres humanos con fines de salud.
The Origins of the Seattle General Strike of 1919: The Timber Beast
Authors: Winslow Cal
Published: March 2020

Seattle in 1919 was an island in a still immeasurable sea of timber. The Pacific coastal forests were estimated to contain nearly two-thirds of the timber in the country, and the Washington State forests accounted for the largest part of these. The physical hardships associated with the lumber industry, including isolation deep within the rain forests, made working conditions an even more miserable burden than low wages. The work was seasonal and layoffs were common; the completion of one job might mean termination and the search for work elsewhere. When the winter rains brought an end to work in the woods, the state's loggers fled to the city, not welcome elsewhere. In some years, there might be thousands on Seattle's streets.
Gene variants of TCF7L2 are histopathologically important in colorectal cancers but do not have direct association with MYC expression
Authors: Ozkan Kucuk Nazlı Ezgi , Horozoglu Cem , Timirci Kahraman Ozlem , Arikan Soykan , Farooqi Ammad Ahmad , Turan Saime , Korkmaz Gurbet , Kelten Talu Esra Canan , Sabitaliyevich Uteuliyev Yerzhan , Yaylim Ilhan
Published: March 2020

Rapidly accumulating preclinical and clinical studies have helped us to unveil underlying mechanisms of colorectal cancer development and progression. Deregulated signaling pathways play instrumental role in carcinogenesis, drug resistance and metastasis. Wnt signaling cascade has attracted considerable attention in colorectal cancer as many ground-breaking researches have highlighted central role of Wnt pathway in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. T-Cell Transcription Factors (TCFs) have been shown to work synchronously with Î²-catenin to fuel colorectal cancer development and progression. Chromatin immuno-precipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data sets has deepened our knowledge about critical role of risk-associated SNPs. Increasingly it is being reported that many risk-associated SNPs are located within binding sites for transcription factors and consequently risk status of these SNPs may modify binding pattern of transcriptional factors and thus rewire the transcriptional regulation. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of 117 colorectal cancer patients and 127 healthy subjects. TCF7L2 variants (rs6983267, rs7903146) were examined by the PCR-RFLP method. Tumor and the surrounding tissues were dissected from 37 CRC patients and RNA isolation was performed. The gene expression of c-myc was determined by RT-PCR. T allele carriage of rs6983267 variant was found to be associated with CRC (p=0.042). TT genotype of rs7903146 was associated with late tumor stage (T3+T4) (p=0.037) and presence of mucinous component (p=0.031). TTCT haplotype was found to be statistically higher in CRC compared to the control group (p=0.007). There was no statistically significant difference in c-myc gene expression. TCF7L2 gene variants may play an important role in histopathologic aspects associated with CRC and it is independent of c-myc gene expression.
CD4+ regulatory T cells and CD4+ activated T cells in new active and relapse tuberculosis
Authors: Ndishimye Pacifique , Zakham Fathiah , Musanabaganwa Clarisse , Migambi Patrick , Mihai Cenariu , Soritau Olga , El Mzibri Mohammed , Pop Carmen Monica , Mutesa Leon
Published: March 2020

The aim of the present study was to examine characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients with different clinical forms and to study the frequency of Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and Activated T cells in patients with new active and relapse TB. Forty-five pulmonary TB patients and a control group of 15 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Of the 45 TB patients, 15 were new cases with drug-susceptible active TB and 30 were relapsed cases (15 drug-susceptible and 15 multidrug resistant-TB). The age of study participants ranged from 21 to 68 years old. According to sex presentation, males were appreciably highly affected than females with a sex ratio of 2. The patients reported a mean recent weight loss of 8.9 kg. The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate was high in TB group, far exceeding the normal value. The results revealed that the number of CD3+ CD4+ T-cells significantly decreased whereas the level of blood Treg cells and expression of activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR on CD4+ T-cells significantly increased in TB group compared with the control group (p<0.05). The frequency of Treg cells was significantly higher in the TB group than the control group. Both the patients with new active TB and relapse TB demonstrated significantly higher levels of CD4+FoxP3+ Treg compared to healthy subjects (p<0.05). A high and significant percentage of Treg cells were found in patients with DS active TB than patients with MDR relapse TB. Interestingly, the frequency of CD4+FoxP3+ cells also differs according to the sputum smear microscopy status. The presence of high numbers of Treg cells and corresponding high immune activation may be an unfavourable factor that can predispose individuals to different clinical forms of TB, including relapse TB.
Familiarity Detection and Memory Consolidation in Cortical Assemblies
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Yeh Fang-Chin , Ju Han , Jiang Yuheng , Quan Gabriel Foo Wei , VanDongen Antonius M.J.
Published: March 2020

Humans have a large capacity of recognition memory (Dudai, 1997), a fundamental property of higher-order brain functions such as abstraction and generalization (Vogt and Magnussen, 2007). Familiarity is the first step towards recognition memory. We have previously demonstrated using unsupervised neural network simulations that familiarity detection of complex patterns emerges in generic cortical microcircuits with bidirectional synaptic plasticity. It is therefore meaningful to conduct similar experiments on biological neuronal networks to validate these results. Studies of learning and memory in dissociated rodent neuronal cultures remain inconclusive to date. Synchronized network bursts (SNBs) that occur spontaneously and periodically have been speculated to be an intervening factor. By optogenetically stimulating cultured cortical networks with random dot movies (RDMs), we were able to reduce the occurrence of SNBs, after which an ability for familiarity detection emerged: previously seen patterns elicited higher firing rates than novel ones. Differences in firing rate were distributed over the entire network, suggesting that familiarity detection is a system level property. We also studied the change in SNB patterns following familiarity encoding. Support vector machine (SVM) classification results indicate that SNBs may be facilitating memory consolidation of the learned pattern. In addition, using a novel network connectivity probing method, we were able to trace the change in synaptic efficacy induced by familiarity encoding, providing insights on the long-term impact of having SNBs in the cultures.
Structural Remodeling of Active Zones Is Associated with Synaptic Homeostasis
Authors: Hong Huilin , Zhao Kai , Huang Shiyan , Huang Sheng , Yao Aiyu , Jiang Yuqiang , Sigrist Stephan , Zhao Lu , Zhang Yong Q.
Published: March 2020

Perturbations to postsynaptic glutamate receptors (GluRs) trigger retrograde signaling to precisely increase presynaptic neurotransmitter release, maintaining stable levels of synaptic strength, a process referred to as homeostatic regulation. However, the structural change of homeostatic regulation remains poorly defined. At wild-typeDrosophilaneuromuscular junction synapse, there is one Bruchpilot (Brp) ring detected by superresolution microscopy at active zones (AZs). In the present study, we report multiple Brp rings (i.e., multiple T-bars seen by electron microscopy) at AZs of both male and female larvae when GluRs are reduced. AtGluRIIC-deficient neuromuscular junctions, quantal size was reduced but quantal content was increased, indicative of homeostatic presynaptic potentiation. Consistently, multiple Brp rings at AZs were observed in the two classic synaptic homeostasis models (i.e.,GluRIIAmutant and pharmacological blockade of GluRIIA activity). Furthermore, postsynaptic overexpression of the cell adhesion protein Neuroligin 1 partially rescued multiple Brp rings phenotype. Our study thus supports that the formation of multiple Brp rings at AZs might be a structural basis for synaptic homeostasis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic homeostasis is a conserved fundamental mechanism to maintain efficient neurotransmission of neural networks. Active zones (AZs) are characterized by an electron-dense cytomatrix, which is largely composed of Bruchpilot (Brp) at theDrosophilaneuromuscular junction synapses. It is not clear how the structure of AZs changes during homeostatic regulation. To address this question, we examined the structure of AZs by superresolution microscopy and electron microscopy during homeostatic regulation. Our results reveal multiple Brp rings at AZs of glutamate receptor-deficient neuromuscular junction synapses compared with single Brp ring at AZs in wild type (WT). We further show that Neuroligin 1-mediated retrograde signaling regulates multiple Brp ring formation at glutamate receptor-deficient synapses. This study thus reveals a regulatory mechanism for synaptic homeostasis.
Myanmar in 2019
Authors: Zin Min
Published: March 2020

Myanmar’s international pariah status has deepened with the filing of three separate international lawsuits against the country in November 2019 regarding atrocities against the Rohingya people. Economic forecasts indicate that the economy is on the right track but local business progress remains sluggish. The peace process has stalled, and armed conflict continues in some major cities, with increasing numbers displaced. The government's focus on the Rohingya crisis and amending the constitution are likely aimed to rally domestic support for the election scheduled for 2020.
Bhutan in 2019
Authors: Whitecross Richard W.
Published: March 2020

Bhutan in 2019 was dominated by the change of government in late 2018, better diplomatic relations with India, and cultivation of relations with China. The economy was strong, with the country due to graduate from least developed country status in 2023, though unemployment is a concern.
Hong Kong in 2019
Authors: Lo Sonny Shiu-Hing
Published: March 2020

The anti-extradition movement in Hong Kong began in June 2019 and has evolved since July into protests against police power and the mainlandization of the territory. Although Beijing supports Chief Executive Carrie Lam and the police, the movement persists amid demands for the creation of an independent commission of inquiry into police actions.
Vietnam in 2019
Authors: London Jonathan
Published: March 2020

In 2019, a semblance of political stability prevailed in Vietnam even as the affairs of the Communist Party were beset by the uncertain health of its general secretary, corruption scandals, and the intensification of Beijing’s encroachment on its continental shelf. Vietnam saw continued economic growth but an increasingly complex growth picture. Improvements in the quality of life masked the persistence of economic vulnerability and increasing inequality, while civil society was constrained by state repression. Ominously, Vietnam’s ecological crisis intensified.
MODELS AND METHODS OF INTELLECTUAL ANALYSIS FOR MEDICAL-SOCIOLOGICAL MONITORING’S DATA BASED ON THE NEURAL NETWORK WITH A COMPETITIVE LAYER
Authors: Arsirii Olena O. , Manikaeva Olga S.
Published: March 2020

In this scientific publication, we suggest using the system of intellectual analysis of medical and sociological monitoring’s data using a neural network with a competitive Kohonen layer to automate the process of obtaining knowledge (metadata) about the state of public health of the target audience. The following specialized tools have been developed to implement the system: models and a method for presenting detailed and aggregated medical and sociological data in area of primary and secondary features; the method of neural network classification of respondents based on machine learning of a neural network with a competitive layer; the procedure for labeling neurons of the Kohonen layer, taking into account the classification decisions received from the sociologist-analyst (initial markers). At at the first step, a two-dimensional histogram of pairwise coincidences of neuron numbers and existing initial class markers was constructed,and thenit was corrected by lines and by columns in accordance with the developed rule. The result of the correctionis the correspondence matrix of the numbers of neurons of the Kohonen layer and existing markers of classification decisions. The testing of the developed models and methods is based on a system of intellectual analysis usingreal medical-sociological monitoring’s data.The research results show that it is possible to increase the relative share of correct classification decisions by an average of 20 % and reduce the share of false decisions by 50 % compared with the sociologist-analyst for tasks of intellectual analysis of medical and sociological monitoring’s data. These tasks were related to determining the working conditions of respondents.