bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YAP nuclear‐cytoplasmic translocation is regulated by mechanical signaling, protein modification, and metabolism
Authors: Zou Rong , Xu Yahui , Feng Yifan , Shen Minqian , Yuan Fei , Yuan Yuanzhi
Published: March 2020

Nuclear‐cytoplasmic transport is necessary for the biological function of nuclear proteins. The mechanism underlying this process is very complex and has been a subject of intense research. Yes‐associated protein (YAP), a Hippo signaling pathway effector, localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and can influence cell proliferation, stem cell status, and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have focused on the significance of YAP distribution between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in disease, but it remains unclear how this dynamic process is regulated. In this review, we discuss YAP nuclear‐cytoplasmic transport under different physiological and pathological conditions in terms of mechanical signaling, protein modification, and metabolism. Understanding the mechanisms underlying nuclear‐cytoplasmic YAP transport mechanism under different physiological and pathological conditions may help identify important targets for disease treatment.
Long‐term follow‐up after sirolimus‐coated balloon use for coronary artery disease. Final results of the Nanolutè study
Authors: El‐Mokdad Rami , di Palma Gaetano , Cortese Bernardo
Published: March 2020

Objectives

To test the long‐term efficacy of a sirolimus‐coated balloon (SCB).

Background

Nanoluté was a prospective registry to evaluate the clinical performance of a novel SCB (Concept Medical Research Private Limited, India) for the treatment of de novo coronary lesions and in‐stent restenosis (ISR). We here present the 24 months clinical data.

Methods

All patients treated with SCB for any type of coronary indication between July 2012 and September 2015 were enrolled at Indian centers and clinically followed up to 24 months. Primary endpoints were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as a composite of cardiac death, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and target vessel‐myocardial infarction (MI).

Results

A total of 484 SCBs were used in 408 patients to treat 435 lesions. In detail, the SCB was used for 183 patients with ISR, 185 with de novo small vessel disease, and 40 with de novo large vessel disease. Mean balloon length and diameter (average ± SD) were 22.3 ± 7.1 mm and 2.7 ± 0.40 mm, respectively. All patients with 24 months follow‐up were included. Overall MACE rate was 4.2% (n = 17) with three cardiac deaths (0.7%), 13 TLR (3.2%), and one MI (0.2%).

Conclusion

The Nanoluté prospective registry is the first long‐term clinical evidence of the safety and feasibility of this type of SCB, both in patients with ISR or de novo lesions.
Acupuncture induced pneumothorax: A case report
Authors: Shrestha Ninadini , Karki Bipin , Shrestha Pramesh Sunder , Gami Rupesh , Acharya Subhash Prasad , Dhakal Subodh Sagar
Published: March 2020

Various forms of alternative medicinal practices are gaining popularity. With this, there will be rise in the complications arising from these practices. Acupuncture is also such practice which though safe can rarely cause life‐threatening complications.
Layered hydrated vanadium oxide as highly reversible intercalation cathode for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Pinji , Shi Xiaodong , Wu Zhuoxi , Guo Shan , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan
Published: March 2020

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) hold great potential in large‐scale energy storage systems due to the merits of low‐cost and high safety. However, the unstable structure of cathode materials and sluggish (de)intercalation kinetics of Zn2+ pose challenges for further development. Herein, highly reversible aqueous ZIBs are constructed with layered hydrated vanadium oxide as a cathode material. The electrochemical performances are further tested with the optimized electrolyte of 3M Zn(CF3SO3)2 and a cut‐off voltage of 0.4 to 1.3 V, exhibiting a remarkable capacity of 290 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and long‐term cycling stability at high current density. Furthermore, the Zn2+ storage mechanism of V3O7⋅H2O is recognized as a highly reversible (de)intercalation process with good structural stability, implying the potential application in the field of large‐scale energy storage.
Graphene‐based catalysts for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Hasani Amirhossein , Teklagne Mahider Asmare , Do Ha Huu , Hong Sung Hyun , Van Le Quyet , Ahn Sang Hyun , Kim Soo Young
Published: March 2020

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is considered to be an efficient strategy to produce usable fuels and overcome the concerns regarding global warming. For this purpose, an efficient, earth abundant, and a low cost catalyst has to be designed. It has been found that graphene‐based materials could be promising candidates for CO2 conversion because of their unique physical, mechanical, and electronic properties. In addition, the surface of graphene‐based materials can be modified by using different strategies, including doping, defect engineering, producing composite structures, and wrapping shapes. In this review, the fundamentals of electrochemical CO2 reduction and recent progress of graphene‐based catalysts are investigated. Furthermore, recent studies on graphene‐based materials for CO2 reduction are summarized.
Comparing the agronomic performance of short‐season and commonly grown corn hybrid maturities in Ohio
Authors: Lindsey Alexander J. , Minyo Richard , Geyer Allen B. , Thomison Peter R.
Published: March 2020

Planting short‐season corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids with maturity ratings earlier than those of hybrids commonly grown in Ohio (hereafter referred to as “ultra‐early” hybrids) might offer advantages in cover cropping systems by promoting an earlier corn harvest. Earlier harvest would facilitate earlier planting of cover crops or small grains to improve fall establishment. However, performance data related to yield and harvest moisture for ultra‐early hybrids is limited. A field study was conducted from 2016 to 2018 at two northern Ohio locations (Bucyrus and Wooster) to compare the agronomic performance and partial economic returns of ultra‐early hybrids with relative maturity ratings ranging from 90 to 100 d (∼2056–2450 growing degree days [GDDs]) to commonly grown hybrid maturities ranging from 104 to 109 d (∼2500–2600 GDDs). The ultra‐early hybrids incurred less drying costs and had higher test weights than the commonly grown maturity hybrids but yielded 9–10% less. Ultra‐early hybrids with ratings of 96–100 d yielded 3–5% more than those with ratings of 90 to 95 d. For late May and early June plantings, the partial return per acre for 96–100‐d hybrids did not differ from the commonly grown maturities due mainly to discounts from low test weights and high harvest moisture when harvested on the same date. The results suggest that growers could optimize profitability by planting the highest yielding early maturing hybrids and gain days of growth for potential cover crop establishment by planting ultra‐early hybrids.
Filling a Gap: The Coordinatively Saturated Group 4 Carbonyl Complexes TM(CO)8 (TM=Zr, Hf) and Ti(CO)7
Authors: Deng Guohai , Lei Shujun , Pan Sudip , Jin Jiaye , Wang Guanjun , Zhao Lili , Zhou Mingfei , Frenking Gernot
Published: March 2020

Homoleptic Group 4 metal carbonyl cation and neutral complexes were prepared in the gas phase and/or in solid neon matrix. Infrared spectroscopy studies reveal that both zirconium and hafnium form eight‐coordinate carbonyl neutral and cation complexes. In contrast, titanium forms only the six‐coordinate Ti(CO)6+ and seven‐coordinate Ti(CO)7. Titanium octacarbonyl Ti(CO)8 is unstable as a result of steric repulsion between the CO ligands. The 20‐electron Zr(CO)8 and Hf(CO)8 complexes represent the first experimentally observed homoleptic octacarbonyl neutral complexes of transition metals. The molecules still fulfill the 18‐electron rule, because one doubly occupied valence orbital does not mix with any of the metal valence atomic orbitals. Zr(CO)8 and Hf(CO)8 are stable against the loss of one CO because the CO ligands encounter less steric repulsion than Zr(CO)7 and Hf(CO)7. The heptacarbonyl complexes have shorter metal−CO bonds than that of the octacarbonyl complexes due to stronger electrostatic and covalent bonding, but the significantly smaller repulsive Pauli term makes the octacarbonyl complexes stable.
A Sulfur‐Fixing Strategy toward Carbon‐Supported Ru‐Based Bimetallic Nanocluster Catalysts
Authors: Li Li‐Zhen , Xu Shi‐Long , Shen Shan‐Cheng , Wang Lei , Zuo Ming , Chen Ping , Liang Hai‐Wei
Published: March 2020

Supported bimetallic nanocluster catalysts that are distinctly advantageous in optimizing the geometric/electronic effects and maximizing the metal atom utilization have attracted immense interest in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the conventional impregnation techniques often cause poor dispersion of bimetallic particles even on high‐surface‐area supports owing to the lack of strong metal‐support interactions. Here, we present a general route to prepare Ru−M (M=Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Ni) bimetallic nanoclusters with average particle sizes of 1.02–1.24 nm by use of mesoporous sulfur‐doped carbon as supports. The strong chemical interaction between metal and the sulfur atoms that are doped in the carbon matrix can greatly suppress the aggregation of metal species during the H2‐reduction at 600 °C and thus guarantee the formation of small‐sized alloyed nanoclusters. Among these nanoclusters, the prepared bimetallic Ru−Sn nanocluster catalysts show enhanced catalytic activity for the selective hydrogenation of quinoline and furfural with a high turnover frequency of 2948 h−1 and 184 h−1, respectively.
Effective Recognition of Caffeine by Diaminocarbazolic Receptors
Authors: Francesconi Oscar , Ienco Andrea , Nativi Cristina , Roelens Stefano
Published: March 2020

Caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine receptors and possesses wide pharmacological activity. Artificial receptors recognizing caffeine potentially have a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. Herein, we describe two structurally related and readily available artificial receptors: 1) a macrocyclic receptor, which binds caffeine with the unprecedented affinity of 9.3 μM, though with poor selectivity; and 2) a tweezers‐like structure, showing an affinity of 26 μM and a 4.5‐fold and 6‐fold selectivity compared to theophylline and theobromine, respectively. Binding affinities were measured by 1H NMR titrations and were confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry. The X‐ray structure of the complex between caffeine and the acyclic receptor revealed the origin of the recognition, explained the selectivity, and shed light on the role of hydrogen bonding and CH−π/π–π interactions.
Research Participant Views regarding Qualitative Data Sharing
Authors: Mozersky Jessica , Parsons Meredith , Walsh Heidi , Baldwin Kari , McIntosh Tristan , DuBois James M.
Published: March 2020

We found no studies in the United States that explored research participants' perspectives about sharing their qualitative data. We present findings from interviews with 30 individuals who participated in sensitive qualitative studies to explore their understanding and concerns regarding qualitative data sharing. The vast majority supported sharing qualitative data so long as their data were deidentified and shared only among researchers. However, they raised concerns about confidentiality if the data were not adequately deidentified and about misuse by secondary users if data were shared beyond the research community. These concerns, though, did not deter them from participating in research. Notably, participants hoped their data would be shared and may have expected or assumed this was already happening. While many could not recollect details about data‐sharing plans for studies in which they participated, they trusted researchers and institutions to appropriately handle data sharing. If individuals view data sharing as an extension or integral part of their participation in qualitative research, then researchers may have a stronger obligation to share qualitative data than previously thought. Guidelines and tools to assist researchers and institutional review board members in ethical and responsible qualitative data sharing are urgently needed.
An analysis of metadata reporting in freshwater environmental DNA research calls for the development of best practice guidelines
Authors: Nicholson Andrew , McIsaac Daniel , MacDonald Caitlin , Gec Peter , Mason B. Eric , Rein William , Wrobel Jordan , de Boer Mats , Milián‐García Yoamel , Hanner Robert H.
Published: March 2020

As environmental DNA (eDNA) becomes more widely used in research, it becomes increasingly important to have a standard set of reporting guidelines for metadata. The unique properties of eDNA combined with the physical characteristics of the surrounding environment produce highly varied sampling conditions which can influence how an organism is detected. There are also various ways of quantifying and identifying species using eDNA, from sampling and filtering methods to extraction and genetic analysis. It is important to report sufficient metadata to account for this variability and allow for replication of the study. We conducted a systematic review of 160 eDNA studies to determine which data are reported and to assess whether these studies can be replicated. Focusing solely on freshwater studies, we developed a rubric to evaluate each study on 53 criteria based on previous analyses of eDNA research. We found a trend in the data suggesting better reporting at a broad scale, and decreased reporting as categories become more specific. Many of the metrics found to be insufficiently reported are essential to replicability. Our goal is to identify gaps in metadata reporting and develop a framework for developing standard reporting guidelines for eDNA studies.
Comparing short‐term outcome after implantation of the HeartWare® HVAD® and the Abbott® HeartMate 3®
Authors: Schramm Rene , Zittermann Armin , Morshuis Michiel , Schoenbrodt Michael , von Roessing Ellen , von Dossow Vera , Koster Andreas , Fox Henrik , Hakim‐Meibodi Kavous , Gummert Jan F.
Published: March 2020

Aims

Centrifugal continuous flow pumps are currently the state of the art in left ventricular assist device therapy. This study was conducted to compare the results after implantation of the HVAD® and the HeartMate 3®.

Methods and results

We retrospectively analysed preoperative and post‐operative patient data of all 106 patients, who received a HeartMate 3 (HM3) at our centre between 2014 and 2018. A total of 392 patients receiving a sintered HVAD® served as controls. Patient matching was performed for age, sex, Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support level at the time of implant, perioperative right heart failure, and implantation strategy, that is, bridge to transplant or destination therapy, as well as preoperative renal function, that is, as indicated by serum creatinine levels. A total of 79 matched pairs could be identified. During a median follow‐up of 15.3 months (range: 0–30 months), 23 (29.1%) and 19 (24.1%) patients died in the HVAD and HM3 groups, respectively, with a hazard ratio for mortality of 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46–1.54; P = 0.568]. Freedom from cerebrovascular events did not differ significantly between study groups, with a hazard ratio of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.23–1.45; P = 0.241). The risk of driveline infection was significantly lower in the HM3 (n = 33) than in the HVAD (n = 55) group (hazard ratio = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35–0.84; P = 0.006). Eight HVAD, but no HM3, patients developed a pump thrombosis during follow‐up (P = 0.148).

Conclusions

Performance of both currently used centrifugal left ventricular assist device systems is comparable in terms of short‐term patient survival and freedom from cerebrovascular events. In our single‐centre experience, HM3 patients less frequently develop driveline infections and no pump thrombosis, which requires further evaluation.
The effect of iron deficiency on cardiac resynchronization therapy: results from the RIDE‐CRT Study
Authors: Lacour Philipp , Dang Phi Long , Morris Daniel Armando , Parwani Abdul Shokor , Doehner Wolfram , Schuessler Franziska , Hohendanner Felix , Heinzel Frank R. , Stroux Andrea , Tschoepe Carsten , Haverkamp Wilhelm , Boldt Leif‐Hendrik , Pieske Burkert , Blaschke Florian
Published: March 2020

Aims

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves functional status, induces reverse left ventricular remodelling, and reduces hospitalization and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and QRS prolongation. However, the impact of iron deficiency on CRT response remains largely unclear. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of functional and absolute iron deficiency on reverse cardiac remodelling, clinical response, and outcome after CRT implantation.

Methods and results

The relation of iron deficiency and cardiac resynchronization therapy response (RIDE‐CRT) study is a prospective observational study. We enrolled 77 consecutive CRT recipients (mean age 71.3 ± 10.2 years) with short‐term follow‐up of 3.3 ± 1.9 months and long‐term follow‐up of 13.0 ± 3.2 months. Primary endpoints were reverse cardiac remodelling on echocardiography and clinical CRT response, assessed by change in New York Heart Association classification. Echocardiographic CRT response was defined as relative improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 20% or left ventricular global longitudinal strain ≥ 20%. Secondary endpoints were hospitalization for heart failure and all‐cause mortality (mean follow‐up of 29.0 ± 8.4 months). At multivariate analysis, iron deficiency was identified as independent predictor of echocardiographic (hazard ratio 4.97; 95% confidence interval 1.15–21.51; P = 0.03) and clinical non‐response to CRT (hazard ratio 4.79; 95% confidence interval 1.30–17.72, P = 0.02). We found a significant linear‐by‐linear association between CRT response and type of iron deficiency (P = 0.004 for left ventricular ejection fraction improvement, P = 0.02 for left ventricular global longitudinal strain improvement, and P = 0.003 for New York Heart Association response). Iron deficiency was also significantly associated with an increase in all‐cause mortality (P = 0.045) but not with heart failure hospitalization.

Conclusions

Iron deficiency is a negative predictor of effective CRT therapy as assessed by reverse cardiac remodelling and clinical response. Assessment of iron substitution might be a relevant treatment target to increase CRT response and outcome in chronic heart failure patients.
Two New Ferroborates with Three‐Dimensional Framework and Wide Transmittance Window
Authors: Song Huimin , Wang Naizheng , Li Yunfei , Liu Wang , Lin Zheshuai , Yao Jiyong , Zhang Guochun
Published: March 2020

Two ferroborates Li5MSrFeB12O24 (M = Mg, Zn) crystallized in trigonal R3 space group, were obtained by high temperature solid state reaction. Centimeter‐level Li5MgSrFeB12O24 single crystals were grown from high temperature solution using Li2B4O7 as a self‐flux. In their structures, [FeO6] octahedra connect with [B2O6] chains by corner‐sharing O atoms forming the three‐dimensional [FeB12O24] framework. The family of ferroborates(III) was summarized and the structural comparison with Ba2MgB6O12 based on cation cosubstitution was also discussed to better understand the crystal structures of Li5MSrFeB12O24 (M = Mg, Zn). The transmittance spectrum of a Li5MgSrFeB12O24 crystal was measured to detect its transmittance window. In addition, thermal behaviors, other optical and magnetic characteristics of Li5MSrFeB12O24 (M = Mg, Zn) were discussed as well.
[3+2]‐Cycloadditions of N‐Cyano Sulfoximines with 1,3‐Dipoles
Authors: Krauskopf Felix , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Rissanen Kari , Bolm Carsten
Published: March 2020

Involving the cyano group of N‐cyano sulfoximines in [3+2]‐cycloaddition reactions with 1,3‐dipoles provides practical routes for the construction of 5‐membered heterocycles bearing sulfoximinoyl moieties. An ytterbium‐catalyzed cycloaddition utilizing hydrazonoyl chlorides was developed, as well as a reaction involving imidoyl chlorides proceeding without the aid of a catalyst. Following these protocols, a range of sulfoximines with N‐1,2,4‐triazolyl and N‐1,2,4‐oxadiazolyl substituents was prepared.
New Directions for the Evaluation of Coalitions and Collaboratives
Authors: Brown Kyrah K. , Wolfe Susan M. , Price Ann Webb
Published: March 2020

This chapter summarizes the main points presented in the preceding chapters and highlights opportunities for advancing coalition evaluation. Four major suggestions for advancing coalition and collaborative evaluation are offered. First, there is a need for employing a systems/complexity perspective in coalition evaluation with associated frameworks and tools that can be applied in practice. Second, there is a need to incorporate principles of equity in coalition evaluation and to develop tools that can effectively capture processes and outcomes of equity‐focused work. Third, there is a need for more empirical research to advance the conceptualization, measurement, and evaluation of community coalitions and their collaborative efforts. Fourth, it is important that evaluators understand and employ best practices to foster collaborative and participatory evaluation processes within coalitions and collaboratives.
Evaluating Networks Using PARTNER: A Social Network Data Tracking and Learning Tool
Authors: Varda Danielle M. , Sprong Sara
Published: March 2020

Today, cross‐sector partners are working together and utilizing a systems approach to solve and tackle complex social problems facing their communities. While building cross‐sector organizational networks has become a best practice in solving complex problems, there is little guidance or evidence on how it can be accomplished without overburdening resource‐stressed systems. Social network analysis (SNA) is one method for evaluating networks using a quantitative approach to measure the strength of connections, how organizations position themselves in a network, leverage resources, and assess the quality and impact of exchanges within the network. The PARTNER Tool (Program to Analyze, Record, and Track Networks to Enhance Relationships) leverages concepts of network science and SNA to provide a validated survey, measures, and analysis tool for network evaluation. The PARTNER methodology assesses the strengths (and gaps) among member relationships, how members perceive trust and value in partnerships, the creation of member relationships and how they have evolved, and identifies needs and gaps based on agreement on outcomes and success at reaching network goals. This chapter provides specific steps to implement the PARTNER Tool Methodology, including customizing the validating survey, administration of the online survey, analyzing the results using the PARTNER evaluation framework, and translating the data to actionable strategies. Real‐world examples are presented to highlight the benefits that can be achieved by leveraging network science with a focus on developing evidence‐based strategies that yield significant results and allow cross‐sector organizations to document their collective progress over time.
The effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Sangsefidi Zohreh Sadat , Yaghoubi Fatemeh , Hajiahmadi Salimeh , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh
Published: March 2020

Some evidence exists in supporting the beneficial effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on oxidative stress. Since the findings of studies over the impact of CoQ10 supplementation on oxidative stress are contradictory, this study was conducted. The aim was to evaluate CoQ10 supplementation effect on total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels using data collected from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Several databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were comprehensively searched up to 23 January 2019 to identify RCTs. A random‐effects model, standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied for data analysis. According to the meta‐analysis results on 19 eligible studies, CoQ10 increased the levels of TAC (SMD = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.35–2.23; p = .007), GPX (SMD = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.17–0.74; p = .002), SOD (SMD = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.29–0.97; p < .0001), and CAT (SMD = 1.67; 95% CI = 0.29–3.10; p = .018) significantly. This supplementation also caused a significant reduction in MDA levels (SMD = −1.12; 95% CI = −1.58 to −0.65; p < .0001). However, the results of SOD and CAT should be stated carefully due to the publication bias. In conclusion, this research indicated that CoQ10 supplementation had beneficial effects on oxidative stress markers. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Nonlinear mixed convection flow of a tangent hyperbolic fluid with activation energy
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Gizewu Tezera
Published: March 2020

In this communication, the dynamics of a non‐Newtonian tangent hyperbolic fluid with nanoparticles past a nonuniformly thickened stretching surface is discussed. We examine the impact of nonlinear mixed convection flow of a hyperbolic tangent fluid with the Cattaneo‐Christov heat and mass diffusion model past a bidirectional stretching surface. The effects of activation energy and magnetic field are incorporated in the analysis. The variables of transformations are used to change the nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then, these ODEs are numerically solved using the Matlab routine of the bvp4c algorithm. The derailed analysis of the influences of the governing parameters on velocities along the x‐ and y‐axes, temperature and concentration profiles are presented using tables and figures. The outcomes of these parameters reveal that the velocities along the x‐ and y‐axes are decreased for the values of We increasing but the opposite behavior is observed as the value of increases. The results also show that the values of and  rise as the temperature profiles increase. Similar influences are observed on the profile of concentration as the values of and  rise. As the values of  go from 0.27 to 0.25, the skin‐friction coefficient increases, and similarly, as goes from 0.3 to 0.1, is enhanced.
Bridging the Information Gap Between Science and Society: A Solution to Nonpoint Source Contamination?
Authors: Nutile Samuel A , Simpson Adam M , Solan Megan E
Published: March 2020

The dissemination of information associated with scientific achievement serves to advance research and guide future experimentation. In the sphere of environmental science, such advancements aim to better characterize harmful chemicals and the factors that influence in situ toxicity, which is central to the protection of the environments upon which humans depend. While some information regarding the dangers associated with common anthropogenic contaminants reaches wider audiences, the nuance of this information is often lost, potentially leading to ineffective solutions, specifically as it relates to nonpoint source contamination. Bridging the divide between scientific research, regulatory implementation, and product innovation is imperative in order to find meaningful and lasting environmental solutions. Road de-icing salts are applied to impervious surfaces to protect human health and maintain the efficient transportation of goods by roadways during winter months. The toxicity of these salts in freshwater ecosystems is well understood and researched within the scientific community. Tentative regulations and solutions developed to mitigate the environmental damage caused by road de-icing salts, however, perfectly represent the disconnect between the scientific community and the general public. Here, we use road de-icing salt as an example of how such a disconnect can manifest in the form of ineffective solutions and regulatory standards, and we present a general framework by which environmental scientists can more effectively bridge the gap between the scientific community and society at large. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:415–420. © 2020 SETAC
Detection of aberrant methylation of HOXA9 and HIC1 through multiplex MethyLight assay in serum DNA for the early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Singh Alka , Gupta Sameer , Badarukhiya Jaydeep A. , Sachan Manisha
Published: March 2020

Accumulated evidence revealed that aberrant CpG island hypermethylation plays an important role in carcinogenesis which can serve as a promising target for molecular detection in body fluids. Despite a myriad of attempts to diagnose ovarian cancer (OC) at an early stage, this clinical aim remains a major challenge. To date, no single biomarker is able to accurately detect early OC in either tissue or body fluid. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns in circulating DNA provide highly specific cancer signals. In our study, we establish a novel panel of methylation‐specific genes for the development of a TaqMan based qPCR assay to quantify methylation levels. We analyzed promoter methylation of homeobox A9 (HOXA9) and hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1) quantitatively in 120 tissue samples and in 70 matched serum cell‐free DNA (CFDNA) of cancerous and noncancerous samples by MethyLight assay. HOXA9 and HIC1 methylation occurred in 82.3 and 80.0% of OC tissue samples in singleplex assay, thereby confirming that methylation was highly cancer‐specific. When either or both gene promoter showed methylation, the sensitivity was 88.2% with a specificity of 88.6% in tissue samples. The combined sensitivity for this novel marker panel in serum CFDNA was 88.9% (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.95). In contrast, no hypermethylation was observed in serum from matched cancer‐free control women. Our results confirm the elevated performance of novel epigenetic marker panel (HOXA9 and HIC1) when analyzed in tissue and matched serum samples. Our findings reveal the potential of this biomarker panel as a suitable diagnostic serum biomarker for early screening of OC.
Stimulus‐responsive room temperature phosphorescence in purely organic luminogens
Authors: Yang Jie , Fang Manman , Li Zhen
Published: March 2020

Luminogens that exhibit stimulus‐responsive room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have attracted significant attention for their applications in a wide range of fields such as data storage, sensors, and bio‐imaging. However, very few such materials are known, partly because of the unclear internal mechanism. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the field of stimulus‐responsive RTP in purely organic luminogens, focusing on their unique emission behaviors and internal mechanisms governing the phenomena. We also attempt to identify the relationship between the mechanism, luminogens, and possible applications.

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The eventful history of nonembryonic development in tunicates
Authors: Alié Alexandre , Hiebert Laurel S. , Scelzo Marta , Tiozzo Stefano
Published: March 2020

Tunicates encompass a large group of marine filter‐feeding animals and more than half of them are able to reproduce asexually by a particular form of nonembryonic development (NED) generally called budding. The phylogeny of tunicates suggests that asexual reproduction is an evolutionarily plastic trait, a view that is further reinforced by the fact that budding mechanisms differ from one species to another, involving nonhomologous tissues and cells. In this review, we explore more than 150 years of literature to provide an overview of NED diversity and we present a comparative picture of budding tissues across tunicates. Based on the phylogenetic relationships between budding and nonbudding species, we hypothesize that NED diversity is the result of seven independent acquisitions and subsequent diversifications in the course of tunicate evolution. While this scenario represents the state‐of‐the‐art of our current knowledge, we point out gray areas that need to be further explored to refine our understanding of tunicate phylogeny and NED. Tunicates, with their plastic evolution and diversity of budding, represent an ideal playground for evolutionary developmental biologists to unravel the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating nonembryonic development, as well as to better understand how such a profound innovation in life‐history has evolved in numerous metazoans.
Koilocytic changes are not elicited by human papillomavirus genotypes with higher oncogenic potential
Authors: Okodo Mitsuaki , Okayama Kaori , Teruya Koji , Kimura Hirokazu , Noji Natsumi , Ishii Yasuyoshi , Fujii Masahiko , Oda Mizue , Sasagawa Toshiyuki
Published: March 2020

Koilocytes are considered a common cytopathological effect in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Thus, we aimed to elucidate whether koilocytes are common to all HPV infections. Liquid‐based cytology samples from 651 patients with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test results were used to analyze the presence of koilocytes and HPV genotype. HPV genotype was determined in complete liquid cytology samples and microdissected cell samples from Pap smear slides using the uniplex E6/E7 polymerase chain reaction method, which can detect 39 mucosal HPV genotypes. Koilocytes were found in 29.3% (191) of all patients. Logistical regression analysis of diverse HPV genotypes revealed that infections with low‐risk HPV types (HPV‐6b, HPV‐40, HPV‐42, HPV‐61, HPV‐74, HPV‐89, and HPV‐90), probably high‐risk HPV types (HPV‐53 and HPV‐66), and high‐risk types (HPV‐39 and HPV‐56) were significantly associated with the presence of koilocytes. However, HPV‐16, HPV‐18, and HPV‐52, which have higher oncogenic potential, were not found to be associated with koilocytes. These results were confirmed by HPV genotyping using microdissected koilocytes in 27 patients.Most common high‐risk types belonging to α‐9 and α‐7 genotypes appear to rarely induce koilocytic changes. Therefore, koilocytes may provide additional useful information for predicting the risk of progression to high‐grade lesions.
The role of the macrophage in tendinopathy and tendon healing
Authors: Sunwoo Joo Y. , Eliasberg Claire D. , Carballo Camila B. , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: March 2020

The role of the macrophage is an area of emerging interest in tendinopathy and tendon healing. The macrophage has been found to play a key role in regulating the healing process of the healing tendon. The specific function of the macrophage depends on its functional phenotype. While the M1 macrophage phenotype exhibits a phagocytic and proinflammatory function, the M2 macrophage phenotype is associated with the resolution of inflammation and tissue deposition. Several studies have been conducted on animal models looking at enhancing or suppressing macrophage function, targeting specific phenotypes. These studies include the use of exogenous biological and pharmacological substances and more recently the use of transgenic and genetically modified animals. The outcomes of these studies have been promising. In particular, enhancement of M2 macrophage activity in the healing tendon of animal models have shown decreased scar formation, accelerated healing, decreased inflammation and even enhanced biomechanical strength. Currently our understanding of the role of the macrophage in tendinopathy and tendon healing is limited. Furthermore, the roles of therapies targeting macrophages to enhance tendon healing is unclear. Clinical Significance: An increased understanding of the significance of the macrophage and its functional phenotypes in the healing tendon may be the key to enhancing tendon healing. This review will present the current literature on the function of macrophages in tendinopathy and tendon healing and the potential of therapies targeting macrophages to enhance tendon healing.
Pre‐ and post‐trip antecedents of destination image for non‐visitors and visitors: A literature review
Authors: Yilmaz Yildirim , Yilmaz Yusuf
Published: March 2020

In this review study, it is aimed to reveal the antecedents of destination image (DI) through analyzing the findings of quantitative studies published between 1999 and 2019. Findings suggest that DI could be handled with pretrip and posttrip DI separately. Antecedents of pre and post DI are divided as destination‐based and personal‐based antecedents. Making such a categorization and mapping the findings of studies accordingly helps to clarify our understanding about the DI formation process. A model is suggested considering the pre and posttrip destination and personal‐based antecedents in the literature to explain the affective, cognitive, and overall DI.
Renal Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation: Effect of Donor Type
Authors: Kollmann Dagmar , Neong Shuet Fong , Rosales Roizar , Hansen Bettina E. , Sapisochin Gonzalo , McCluskey Stuart , Bhat Mamatha , Cattral Mark S. , Lilly Les , McGilvray Ian D. , Ghanekar Anand , Grant David R. , Selzner Markus , Wong Florence S. H. , Selzner Nazia
Published: March 2020

Recipients of donation after circulatory death (DCD) grafts are reportedly at higher risk of developing renal dysfunction after liver transplantation (LT). We compared the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) after LT in recipients of DCD versus donation after brain death (DBD) or living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) livers. Adult recipients of DBD, LDLT, and DCD between 2012 and 2016 at Toronto General Hospital were included. AKI was defined as a post‐LT increase of serum creatinine (sCr) ≥26.5 µmol/L within 48 hours or a ≥50% increase from baseline, and CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/minute for >3 months. A total of 681 patients (DCD, n = 57; DBD, n = 446; and LDLT, n = 178) with similar baseline comorbidities were included. Perioperative AKI (within the first 7 postoperative days) was observed more frequently in the DCD group (61%; DBD, 40%; and LDLT, 44%; P = 0.01) and was associated with significantly higher peak AST levels (P < 0.001). Additionally, patients in the DCD group had a significantly higher peak sCr (P < 0.001) and a trend toward higher rates of AKI stage 3 (DCD, 33%; DBD, 21%; LDLT, 21%; P = 0.11). The proportions of recovery from AKI (DCD, 77%; DBD, 72%; LDLT, 78%; P = 0.45) and patients developing CKD (DCD, 33%; DBD, 32%; LDLT, 32%; P = 0.99) were similar. Nevertheless, patients who received DCD or DBD LT and required perioperative renal replacement therapy showed significantly lower patient survival in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 7.90; 95% confidence interval, 4.51‐13.83; P < 0.001). In conclusion, recipients of DCD liver grafts experience higher rates of short‐term post‐LT renal dysfunction compared with DBD or LDLT. Additional risk factors for the development of severe kidney injury, such as high Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, massive transfusions, or donor age ≥60 years should be avoided.
Effects of microstructure evolution on discharge properties of AZ31 alloy as anode for seawater battery
Authors: Xie Qiuyuan , Ma Aibin , Jiang Jinghua , Li Yuhua , Wang Jiajia , Wang Lisha , Klu Edwin Eyram
Published: March 2020

In recent years, many researchers have been focusing on improving the discharge properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy for battery applications. In this paper, the equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP) is used as a preferred way of refining the microstructure to enhance the discharge characteristics of AZ31 alloy as the anode for seawater batteries. The electrochemical discharge behaviors of ECAP‐processed AZ31 alloy are investigated along extrusion surfaces, normal cross‐sections, and transverse cross‐sections and compared with as‐cast and homogenized samples. On the basis of the findings, the anode efficiency is improved effectively through the ECAP method, with approximate isotropy in the discharge behaviors of refined AZ31 alloy. The enhanced discharge performance can be attributed to the refined grains, uniform grain sizes, and dispersed β‐Mg17Al12 after ECAP processing.
Multilocus sequence typing of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infection patients and from fecal samples of healthy subjects in a college community
Authors: Matsui Yusuke , Hu Yuan , Rubin Julia , de Assis Reginara Souza , Suh Joy , Riley Lee W.
Published: March 2020

Community‐acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Escherichia coli is the most common cause of community‐acquired UTI. In general, UTI results from E. coli in the intestine that enters the bladder via the urethra. However, whether these E. coli strains that cause UTI represent members of the intestinal commensal E. coli or a distinct subgroup of pathogenic E. coli remains unestablished. Here, we analyzed E. coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy volunteers and urine samples of UTI patients obtained from a university‐affiliated health center. The E. coli isolates were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). From May to October 2018, we analyzed 89 E. coli isolates from 76 (75%) rectal swabs from 113 unique healthy volunteers. We also analyzed 106 (27%) E. coli isolates from 398 unique urine samples collected between August and October 2018. Fecal and urine E. coli isolates each contained 31 distinct sequence types (STs). Nine STs were shared by fecal and urine E. coli isolates, which accounted for approximately 50% of urine isolates typed by MLST. Among the shared genotypes, ST10 and ST131 were significantly more frequently found in fecal samples, whereas ST95 and ST127 were significantly more frequently recovered from UTI samples. ST73 was found only among urine samples. These E. coli genotypes clustered and fluctuated over time. These observations suggest that E. coli genotypes found to cause UTI transiently colonize the intestine and that their primary reservoir may reside outside of the human intestine.
Enhanced control release of thyme essential oils from electrospun nanofiber/polyamidoamine dendritic polymer for antibacterial platforms
Authors: Kamrudi Niluphar , Akbari Somaye , Haghighat Kish Mohammad
Published: March 2020

The motive of the present investigation is to probe the role of polyamidoamine dendritic polymer (PAMAM) as a nano‐carrier function on the stepwise‐release rate of thyme oil (TEO) as natural extract with a superior antibacterial property. To represent quantitative and kinetic trends of release from nylon 6 electrospun fiber mats of TEO from mats, single‐sensor gas diagnosis device as an applicable diagnostic tool was tested in a distinct time sheet. All mats were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface tension, contact angle, and antibacterial activity. As an outcome, PAMAM is major responsible for the pretending burst release due to the remarkable branches and cavities of PAMAM which encapsulate TEO. Noticeably, long‐term exposure of TEO was reached compared to the counterpart sample and a higher amount of PAMAM renders further functionality to protect guest molecules and not let them move easily in the atmosphere. It is realized that the essence release of mats with 2 and 10 wt% of PAMAM moieties last up to 9 and 12 days, respectively. Interestingly, all functionalized samples prevent the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and antibacterial value for samples with PAMAM surpassed 100% while decreased around 15 to 50% for mats without PAMAM over a 2‐week period. The results revealed that the functionalized samples were a promising fragrance delivery system with more effective antibacterial activity.
Modulation of receptor binding to collagen by glycosylated 5‐hydroxylysine: Chemical biology approaches made feasible by Carpino's Fmoc group
Authors: Cudic Maré , Fields Gregg B.
Published: March 2020

The creation of the 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group by the Carpino laboratory facilitated the synthesis of peptides containing acid‐sensitive groups, such as O‐linked glycosides. To fully investigative collagen biochemistry, one needs to assemble peptides that possess glycosylated 5‐hydroxylysine (Hyl). A convenient method for the synthesis of Fmoc‐Hyl(ε‐tert‐butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl [TBDMS]) and efficient methods for the synthesis of Fmoc‐Hyl[ε‐Boc,O‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl)] have been developed. Glycosylated Fmoc‐Hyl derivatives were used to construct a series of types I‐IV collagen‐model triple‐helical peptides (THPs) that incorporated known or proposed receptor binding sites. Glycosylation of Hyl was found to strongly down‐regulate the binding of CD44 and the α3β1 integrin to collagen, while the impact on α2β1 integrin binding was more modest. Molecular modeling of integrin binding indicated that Hyl glycosylation directly impacted the association between the α3β1 integrin metal ion‐dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) and the receptor binding site within type IV collagen. The Fmoc solid‐phase strategy ultimately allowed for chemical biology approaches to be utilized to study tumor cell interactions with glycosylated collagen sequences and document the modulation of receptor interactions by Hyl post‐translational modification.
The Efficacy, Effectiveness and Safety of 5% Transdermal Lidocaine Patch for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review
Authors: Santana Javier A. , Klass Scott , Felix Elizabeth R.
Published: March 2020

Local anesthetics, such as the 5% transdermal lidocaine patch (5LP), have been frequently used in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, especially chronic low back pain (CLBP). This review compiles the literature available on the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of 5LP when used for the management of CLBP. A systematic search method revealed seven articles that fit the inclusion criteria. For each study, efficacy, effectiveness, and adverse events data were extracted. We found no randomized controlled trials with substantial evidence to support the use of 5LP in CLBP, despite the presence of nonrandomized noncontrolled trials suggesting its effectiveness for relief of pain. Future randomized controlled trials with clinically useful outcomes are needed to assess the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of 5LP for CLBP more appropriately.
A chemical‐kinetic model of DBDs in Ar‐H2O mixtures
Authors: Klages Claus‐Peter
Published: March 2020

A simplified chemical‐kinetic model was applied to Ar‐H2O dielectric‐barrier discharges (DBDs), presuming that dissociation processes are only due to energy transfer from excited Ar species. Good agreement was obtained between the densities of HO, H2, and O2 and experimental data from the literature, whereas a discrepancy for H2O2 could not be explained. The model is useful for designing DBD reactors and process development. Steady‐state densities of H atoms increase with decreasing fractions of which should be kept below 0.1% to obtain a large zone of virtually constant and large H‐atom density in the DBD reactor, whereas the HO density is hardly affected by . O2 contaminations must be kept well below 100 ppm in to attain maximum H‐atom densities.