bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of rotation center and diameter of femoral heads using off-the-shelf augmented reality hardware for navigation
Authors: Van Ravestyn Antoine , Frantz Taylor , Vandemeulebroucke Jef , Jansen Bart , Duerinck Johnny , Scheerlinck Thierry
Published: July 2024

In total hip arthroplasty (THA), determining the center of rotation (COR) and diameter of the hip joint (acetabulum and femoral head) is essential to restore patient biomechanics. This study investigates on-the-fly determination of hip COR and size, using off-the-shelf augmented reality (AR) hardware. An AR head-mounted device (HMD) was configured with inside-out infrared tracking enabling the determination of surface coordinates using a handheld stylus. Two investigators examined 10 prosthetic femoral heads and cups, and 10 human femurs. The HMD calculated the diameter and COR through sphere fitting. Results were compared to data obtained from either verified prosthetic geometry or post-hoc CT analysis. Repeated single-observer measurements showed a mean diameter error of 0.63 mm ± 0.48 mm for the prosthetic heads and 0.54 mm ± 0.39 mm for the cups. Inter-observer comparison yielded mean diameter errors of 0.28 mm ± 0.71 mm and 1.82 mm ± 1.42 mm for the heads and cups, respectively. Cadaver testing found a mean COR error of 3.09 mm ± 1.18 mm and a diameter error of 1.10 mm ± 0.90 mm. Intra- and inter-observer reliability averaged below 2 mm. AR-based surface mapping using HMD proved accurate and reliable in determining the diameter of THA components with promise in identifying COR and diameter of osteoarthritic femoral heads.
In vivo identification of the retinal layer containing photopigments in OCT images through correlation with two-photon psychophysics
Authors: Bartuzel Maciej M. , Consejo Alejandra , Stremplewski Patrycjusz , Sylwestrzak Marcin , Szkulmowski Maciej , Gorczynska Iwona
Published: July 2024

Two-photon vision enables near-infrared light perception in humans. We investigate the possibility to utilize this phenomenon as an indicator of the location of the outer segments of photoreceptor cells in the OCT images. Since two-photon vision is independent on OCT imaging, it could provide external to OCT reference relative to which positions of retinal layers visible in OCT imaging could be measured. We show coincidence between OCT imaging of outer retinal layers and two-photon light perception. The experiment utilizes an intrinsic nonlinear process in the retina, two-photon absorption of light by visual photopigments, which triggers perception of near-infrared light. By shifting the focus of the imaging/stimulus beam, we link the peak efficiency of two-photon vision with the visibility of outer segments of photoreceptor cells, which can be seen as in vivo identification of a retinal layer containing visual photopigments in OCT images. Determination of the in-focus retinal layer is achieved by analysis ofen faceOCT image contrast. We discuss experimental methods and experimental factors that may influence two-photon light perception and the accuracy of the results. The limits of resolution are discussed in analysis of the one-photon and two-photon point spread functions.
Proteomic analysis of Rana sylvatica reveals differentially expressed proteins in liver in response to anoxia, dehydration or freezing stress
Authors: Li Yingxi , Minic Zoran , Hüttmann Nico , Khraibah Abdullah , Storey Kenneth B. , Berezovski Maxim V.
Published: July 2024

Ectothermic animals that live in seasonally cold regions must adapt to seasonal variation and specific environmental conditions. During the winter, some amphibians hibernate on land and encounter limited environmental water, deficient oxygen, and extremely low temperatures that can cause the whole body freezing. These stresses trigger physiological and biochemical adaptations in amphibians that allow them to survive. Rana sylvatica, commonly known as the wood frog, shows excellent freeze tolerance. They can slow their metabolic activity to a near halt and endure freezing of 65–70% of their total body water as extracellular ice during hibernation, returning to normal when the temperatures rise again. To investigate the molecular adaptations of freeze-tolerant wood frogs, a comprehensive proteomic analysis was performed on frog liver tissue after anoxia, dehydration, or freezing exposures using a label-free LC–MS/MS proteomic approach. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that 87, 118, and 86 proteins were significantly upregulated in dehydrated, anoxic, and frozen groups, suggesting potential protective functions. The presence of three upregulated enzymes, glutathione S-transferase (GST), aldolase (ALDOA), and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD), was also validated. For all enzymes, the specific enzymatic activity was significantly higher in the livers of frozen and anoxic groups than in the controls. This study reveals that GST, ALDOA, and SORD might participate in the freeze tolerance mechanism by contributing to regulating cellular detoxification and energy metabolism.
A high security coding and anti-counterfeiting method based on the nonlinear magnetization response of superparamagnetic nanomaterials
Authors: Bai Shi , Lin Yuxi , Wang Xiaoju , Zhang Xiaodan , Yoshida Takashi , Yue Xiaohan
Published: July 2024

Traditional coding methods based on graphics and digital or magnetic labels have gradually decreased their anti-counterfeiting because of market popularity. This paper presents a new magnetic anti-counterfeiting coding method. This method uses a high-performance coding material, which, along with small changes to the material itself and the particle size of the superparamagnetic nanomaterials, results in a large difference in the nonlinear magnetization response. This method, which adopts 12-site coding and establishes a screening model by measuring the voltage amplitude of 12-site variables, can code different kinds of products, establishing long-term stable coding and decoding means. Through the anti-counterfeiting experiment of wine, the experiment results show that the authenticity of the coded products can be verified using the self-developed magnetic encoding and decoding system. The new coding technology can verify the anti-counterfeiting of 9000 products, with a single detection accuracy of 97% and a detection time of less than one minute. Moreover, this coding method completely depends on the production batch of the superparamagnetic nanomaterials, which is difficult to imitate, and it provides a new coding anti-counterfeiting technology for related industries with a wide range of potential applications.
Relationship between Sjogren's syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Jiali , Yuan Guanghui , Cao Tingting , He Xiaojin
Published: July 2024

The clinical incidence of sjogren's syndrome combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease is high. Existing observational studies have shown inconsistent results in the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Sjogren's syndrome (SS).We observed that the symptoms of SS patients also improved after receiving GERD-related treatment. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between GERD and SS through a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Independent SNPs associated with GERD and SS were selected from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) as instrumental variables to conduct a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian analysis of GERD and SS. Genetic data were obtained from two databases for the following two outcomes: Gastroesophageal reflux (IEU Open GWAS) [sample size = 602,604 (patients = 129,080; nonpatients = 473,524)] and SS (FinnGen) [sample size = 392,423 (patients = 2,495; nonpatients = 389,928)]. Statistical methods for the MR analysis included the inverse-variance weighting method, weighted median, simple mode and weighted mode, as well as heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses using the Cochran Q statistic, MR‒Egger regression, outlier detection methods (MR-PRESSO). In addition, Steiger Test was conducted to test the direction of causality. MR analysis showed a positive correlation between GERD and SS risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.3279 (95% confidence interval 1.0312–1.7099, P = 0.0280)]. However, in contrast, no significant causal effect of SS on GERD was observed [OR = 1.0024 (95% CI 0.9651–1.0412; P = 0.8995)]. This bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study confirmed a causal relationship between SS and GERD, and suggested that GERD is a risk factor for SS, while SS does not affect GERD.
Effect of virtual reality self-counseling with the intimate other avatar
Authors: Yamashita Yuko , Yamamoto Tetsuya
Published: July 2024

Virtual reality self-counseling (VR-SC) is considered an effective approach for addressing mental health problems. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of VR-SC using Sigmund Freud’s avatar as the counselor. However, considering that virtual reality (VR) enables embodied perspective-taking of another person, VR-SC using the avatar of a person who cares about the participant (an intimate person), such as a family member or friend, is considered effective because it could create warm attitudes toward the participants themselves. In this study, 60 undergraduate and graduate students were split into three conditions: VR-SC with intimate persons, VR-SC with Freud, and a control group. The intervention effects were then compared. The results showed that VR-SC with an intimate person was the most effective in improving anxiety symptoms. These results may be attributed to accepting and affirming oneself from the perspective of the intimate person’s avatar and counseling oneself. This study is significant in that it is the first to conduct VR-SC with the avatar of an intimate person and compare the effects with Freud’s avatar. More importantly, it showed that the same VR-SC method could have different effects depending on the avatar of the counseling partner.
Appropriate characterization of reservoir properties and investigation of their effect on microbial enhanced oil recovery through simulated laboratory studies
Authors: Kapse Neelam , Dagar Sumit S. , Dhakephalkar P. K.
Published: July 2024

Appropriate characterization of reservoir properties and investigation of the effect of these properties on microbial metabolism and oil recovery under simulated reservoir conditions can aid in development of a sustainable microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) process. Our present study has unveiled the promising potential of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, identified as Thermococcus petroboostus sp. nov. 101C5, to positively influence the microenvironment within simulated oil reservoirs, by producing significant amounts of metabolites, such as biosurfactants, biopolymers, biomass, acids, solvents, gases. These MEOR desired metabolites were found to cause a series of desirable changes in the physicochemical properties of crude oil and reservoir rocks, thereby enhancing oil recovery. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the microbial activity of 101C5 led to the mobilization of crude oil, consequently resulting in enhanced production rates and increased efficiency in simulated sand pack trials. 101C5 exhibited considerable potential as a versatile microorganism for MEOR applications across diverse reservoir conditions, mediating significant light as well as heavy oil recovery from Berea/carbonaceous nature of rock bearing intergranular/vugular/fracture porosity at extreme reservoir conditions characterized by high temperature (80–101 °C) and high pressure (700–1300 psi). Core flood study, which truly mimicked the reservoir conditions demonstrated 29.5% incremental oil recovery by 101C5 action from Berea sandstone at 900 psi and 96 °C, underscoring the potential of strain 101C5 for application in the depleted high temperature oil wells.
Biogenic amine tryptamine in human vaginal probiotic isolates mediates matrix inhibition and thwarts uropathogenic E. coli biofilm
Authors: Nair Veena G. , Srinandan C. S. , Rajesh Y. B. R. D. , Narbhavi Dhiviya , Anupriya A. , Prabhusaran N. , Nagarajan Saisubramanian
Published: July 2024

Probiotics offer a promising prophylactic approach against various pathogens and represent an alternative strategy to combat biofilm-related infections. In this study, we isolated vaginal commensal microbiota from 54 healthy Indian women to investigate their probiotic traits. We primarily explored the ability of cell-free supernatant (CFS) from Lactobacilli to prevent Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) colonization and biofilm formation. Our findings revealed that CFS effectively reduced UPEC’s swimming and swarming motility, decreased cell surface hydrophobicity, and hindered matrix production by downregulating specific genes (fimA, fimH, papG, and csgA). Subsequent GC–MS analysis identified Tryptamine, a monoamine compound, as the potent bioactive substance from Lactobacilli CFS, inhibiting UPEC biofilms with an MBIC of 4 µg/ml and an MBEC of 8 µg/ml. Tryptamine induced significant changes in E. coli colony biofilm morphology, transitioning from the Red, Dry, and Rough (RDAR) to the Smooth and White phenotype, indicating reduced extracellular matrix production. Biofilm time-kill assays demonstrated a four-log reduction in UPEC viability when treated with Tryptamine, highlighting its potent antibacterial properties, comparable to CFS treatment. Biofilm ROS assays indicated a significant elevation in ROS generation within UPEC biofilms, suggesting a potential antibacterial mechanism. Gene expression studies with Tryptamine-treated samples showed a reduction in expression of curli gene (csgA), consistent with CFS treatment. This study underscores the potential of Tryptamine from probiotic Lactobacilli CFS as a promising antibiofilm agent against UPEC biofilms.
Mimicking nature to develop halide perovskite semiconductors from proteins and metal carbonates
Authors: Aminzare Masoud , Li Yangshixing , Mahshid Sara , Dorval Courchesne Noémie-Manuelle
Published: July 2024

Halide perovskite (HPs) nanostructures have recently gained extensive worldwide attentions because of their remarkable optoelectronic properties and fast developments. However, intrinsic instability against environmental factors—i.e., temperature, humidity, illumination, and oxygen—restricted their real-life applications. HPs are typically synthesized as colloids by employing organic solvents and ligands. Consequently, the precise control and tuning of complex 3D perovskite morphologies are challenging and have hardly been achieved by conventional fabrication methods. Here, we combine the benefits of self-assembly of biomolecules and an ion exchange reaction (IER) approach to customize HPs spatial shapes and composition. Initially, we apply a biomineralization approach, using biological templates (such as biopolymers, proteins, or protein assemblies), modulating the morphology of MCO3 (M = Ca2+, Ba2+) nano/microstructures. We then show that the morphology of the materials can be maintained throughout an IER process to form surface HPs with a wide variety of morphologies. The fabricated core–shell structures of metal carbonates and HPs introduce nano/microcomposites that can be sculpted into a wide diversity of 3D architectures suitable for various potential applications such as sensors, detectors, catalysis, etc. As a prototype, we fabricate disposable humidity sensors with an 11–95% detection range by casting the formed bio-templated nano/micro-composites on paper substrate.
Dependency of the drag coefficient on boundary layer stability beneath drifting sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Kawaguchi Yusuke , Hoppmann Mario , Shirasawa Kunio , Rabe Benjamin , Kuznetsov Ivan
Published: July 2024

The ice-ocean drag coefficient$$C_{w}$$Cwand turning angle$$\theta_{w}$$θware crucial parameters in ice-ocean coupled simulations, determining the transfer of momentum between the two media. These parameters are often treated as constants regardless of the static stability at the ice-ocean interface. This study investigates the variability of$$C_{w}$$Cwand$$\theta_{w}$$θwbased on direct observations of thermal and kinetic energy balance. The observations were conducted beneath multiyear ice packs widely across the central Arctic during a period transitioning from ablation to refreezing, indicating significant variability of$$C_{w}$$Cw = 1–130$$\times$$×10−3and$$\theta_{w}$$θw =  − 19–1° at 5 m depth. Comparing different stations, the observations suggest a pronounced dependence of$$C_{w}$$Cwon the stability parameter ($$\mu$$μ) resulting from mechanical and buoyant forcing.$$C_{w}$$Cwrapidly decays with increasing$$\mu$$μ, indicating that the ice-to-ocean momentum transfer is enhanced for neutral or unstable conditions, while it is weakened for stable conditions. In addition, observed vertical profiles of currents revealed that$$|\theta_{w}|$$|θw|tends to be smaller for unstable and larger for stable conditions. We suggest that numerical simulations using constant values could result in an underestimate of large-scale near-surface currents during the ice growing period.
A randomized controlled trial to assess parental satisfaction with computerized intraosseous anesthesia versus inferior alveolar nerve block in children
Authors: Alkhouli Muaaz , Al-Nerabieah Zuhair , Dashash Mayssoon
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to compare parental satisfaction between two pediatric dental anesthesia techniques, computerized intraosseous anesthesia (CIA) and inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). This study was designed as a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 52 parents of children undergoing dental treatment were enrolled in the study. Each participant received both CIA and IANB anesthesia, with the order of administration randomized. Parental satisfaction was evaluated using the parental satisfaction of dental local anesthetic techniques scale (PSLAS). Statistical analysis revealed that parental satisfaction regarding CIA was higher than that for IANB with a significant difference (P ˂ 0.05). However, there was no difference regarding the age, gender or the education level of the parents. (P > 0.05). This study provides insights into parental satisfaction with pediatric dental anesthesia techniques and highlights the influence of socioeconomic factors on anesthesia decision-making. Within the limitations of this trial, it was concluded that CIA was significantly superior to IANB in overall parental satisfaction. However, parental satisfaction values were lower in CIA group regarding costs and concern from complications. In addition, it was concluded that there was no difference in satisfaction levels regarding the gender, age and education level of the parents.
Imidazolium salt’s toxic effects in larvae and cells of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: da Silva Wellington Junior , Diel Leonardo Francisco , Pilz-Júnior Harry Luiz , de Lemos Alessandra Bittencourt , de Freitas Milagres Tarcísio , Pereira Igor Luiz Gonçalves , Bernardi Lisiane , Ribeiro Bergmann Morais , Lamers Marcelo Lazzaron , Schrekker Henri Stephan , da Silva Onilda Santos
Published: July 2024

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the main vectors of arboviruses such as Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, causing a major impact on global economic and public health. The main way to prevent these diseases is vector control, which is carried out through physical and biological methods, in addition to environmental management. Although chemical insecticides are the most effective strategy, they present some problems such as vector resistance and ecotoxicity. Recent research highlights the potential of the imidazolium salt "1-methyl-3-octadecylimidazolium chloride" (C18MImCl) as an innovative and environmentally friendly solution against Ae. aegypti. Despite its promising larvicidal activity, the mode of action of C18MImCl in mosquito cells and tissues remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate its impacts on Ae. aegypti larvae and three cell lines of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, comparing the cellular effects with those on human cells. Cell viability assays and histopathological analyses of treated larvae were conducted. Results revealed the imidazolium salt’s high selectivity (> 254) for mosquito cells over human cells. After salt ingestion, the mechanism of larval death involves toxic effects on midgut cells. This research marks the first description of an imidazolium salt's action on mosquito cells and midgut tissues, showcasing its potential for the development of a selective and sustainable strategy for vector control.
Ultrasonic liquid crystal tunable light diffuser
Authors: Kuroda Yuma , Mizuno Ryoya , Koyama Daisuke
Published: July 2024

Conventional light diffusers have periodic surface profiles, periodic refractive index distributions, or light scattering layers containing colloids. In all such structures the optical directivity of the light diffuser is cannot typically be controlled. Here we propose an electrically tunable light diffuser based on the application of ultrasound to a nematic liquid crystal (LC) material. The ultrasonic LC diffuser consists of an LC layer sandwiched by two glass discs and an ultrasonic transducer. The electrodes of the transducer are divided in a circumferential direction so that a resonant non-coaxial flexural vibration mode can be generated on the diffuser by controlling the electrical input signals. A continuous reversed-phase sinusoidal electric signal to the transducer generates the non-coaxial resonant flexural vibration mode on the glass disc, inducing an acoustic radiation force acting on the boundary between the LC layer and glass discs. This effect changes the molecular orientation of the LC and the transmitted light distribution. The diffusion angle of the transmitted light depends on the input voltage amplitude, and the diffusion angle was maximized at 16.0 V. The vibrational distribution and the diffusion directivity could be rotated by adjusting the input voltages to different electrodes, meaning that an ultrasonic LC diffuser with a thin structure and no moving mechanical parts provided a tunable light-diffusing functionality with rotatable directivity.
Investigation of mild steel corrosion inhibition in acidic media by Viola extract based on bulk and nanometer size
Authors: Naghizade Razieh , Sajadi Ghazal Sadat , Mashizi Abofazel Khosravi , Golshani Zahra , Amiri Mahnaz , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2024

In the present work, the inhibition performance of Viola extract based on bulk and nano size as a green corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in 0.5 M phosphoric acid and 1M hydrochloric acid solutions is investigated using different techniques (potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Optical microscopy). The gained results demonstrated that various concentrations of Viola Extract (bulk and nano) inhibited the corrosion of the alloy in both of the acid solutions. The temperature impact on corrosion rate without/with this extract was examined. Certain thermodynamic parameters were determined based on the temperature impact on inhibition and corrosion processes. The adsorption mechanism of the extract on the alloy was explored using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A mixed mode of adsorption was observed, wherein the nano-sized extract in 1.0 M HCl predominantly underwent chemisorption, while the bulk-sized extract in 1.0 M HCl and both bulk and nano-sized extracts in 0.5 M H3PO4 were primarily subjected to physisorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Optical microscopy analyses were employed to scrutinize alloys’ surface morphology.
Nonlinear association between PD-L1 expression levels and the risk of postoperative recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kojima Kensuke , Samejima Hironobu , Iguchi Takafumi , Tokunaga Toshiteru , Okishio Kyoichi , Yoon Hyungeun
Published: July 2024

Accurate prediction of postoperative recurrence is important for optimizing the treatment strategies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies identified the PD-L1 expression in NSCLC as a risk factor for postoperative recurrence. This study aimed to examine the contribution of PD-L1 expression to predicting postoperative recurrence using machine learning. The clinical data of 647 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical resection were collected and stratified into training (80%), validation (10%), and testing (10%) datasets. Machine learning models were trained on the training data using clinical parameters including PD-L1 expression. The top-performing model was assessed on the test data using the SHAP analysis and partial dependence plots to quantify the contribution of the PD-L1 expression. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to validate the association between PD-L1 expression and postoperative recurrence. The random forest model demonstrated the highest predictive performance with the SHAP analysis, highlighting PD-L1 expression as an important feature, and the multivariate Cox analysis indicated a significant increase in the risk of postoperative recurrence with each increment in PD-L1 expression. These findings suggest that variations in PD-L1 expression may provide valuable information for clinical decision-making regarding lung cancer treatment strategies.
Identification of human host factors required for beta-defensin-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells upon a bacterial challenge
Authors: Wozniak Weronika , Sechet Emmanuel , Kwon Yong-Jun , Aulner Nathalie , Navarro Lionel , Sperandio Brice
Published: July 2024

The human intestinal tract is colonized with microorganisms, which present a diverse array of immunological challenges. A number of antimicrobial mechanisms have evolved to cope with these challenges. A key defense mechanism is the expression of inducible antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as beta-defensins, which rapidly inactivate microorganisms. We currently have a limited knowledge of mechanisms regulating the inducible expression of AMP genes, especially factors from the host required in these regulatory mechanisms. To identify the host factors required for expression of the beta-defensin-2 gene (HBD2) in intestinal epithelial cells upon a bacterial challenge, we performed a RNAi screen using a siRNA library spanning the whole human genome. The screening was performed in duplicate to select the strongest 79 and 110 hit genes whose silencing promoted or inhibited HBD2 expression, respectively. A set of 57 hits selected among the two groups of genes was subjected to a counter-screening and a subset was subsequently validated for its impact onto HBD2 expression. Among the 57 confirmed hits, we brought out the TLR5-MYD88 signaling pathway, but above all new signaling proteins, epigenetic regulators and transcription factors so far unrevealed in the HBD2 regulatory circuits, like the GATA6 transcription factor involved in inflammatory bowel diseases. This study represents a significant step toward unveiling the key molecular requirements to promote AMP expression in human intestinal epithelial cells, and revealing new potential targets for the development of an innovative therapeutic strategy aiming at stimulating the host AMP expression, at the era of antimicrobial resistance.
Structural and functional insights underlying recognition of histidine phosphotransfer protein in fungal phosphorelay systems
Authors: Paredes-Martínez Francisco , Eixerés Lluís , Zamora-Caballero Sara , Casino Patricia
Published: July 2024

In human pathogenic fungi, receiver domains from hybrid histidine kinases (hHK) have to recognize one HPt. To understand the recognition mechanism, we have assessed phosphorelay from receiver domains of five hHKs of group III, IV, V, VI, and XI to HPt from Chaetomium thermophilum and obtained the structures of Ct_HPt alone and in complex with the receiver domain of hHK group VI. Our data indicate that receiver domains phosphotransfer to Ct_HPt, show a low affinity for complex formation, and prevent a Leu-Thr switch to stabilize phosphoryl groups, also derived from the structures of the receiver domains of hHK group III and Candida albicans Sln1. Moreover, we have elucidated the envelope structure of C. albicans Ypd1 using small-angle X-ray scattering which reveals an extended flexible conformation of the long loop αD–αE which is not involved in phosphotransfer. Finally, we have analyzed the role of salt bridges in the structure of Ct_HPt alone.
The ACE1 secondary metabolite gene cluster is a pathogenicity factor of wheat blast fungus
Authors: Vy Trinh T. P. , Inoue Yoshihiro , Asuke Soichiro , Chuma Izumi , Nakayashiki Hitoshi , Tosa Yukio
Published: July 2024

Wheat blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae pathotype Triticum is now becoming a very serious threat to global food security. Here, we report an essential pathogenicity factor of the wheat blast fungus that is recognized and may be targeted by a rice resistance gene. Map-based cloning of Pwt2 showed that its functional allele is the ACE1 secondary metabolite gene cluster of the wheat blast fungus required for its efficient penetration of wheat cell walls. ACE1 is required for the strong aggressiveness of Triticum, Eleusine, and Lolium pathotypes on their respective hosts, but not for that of Oryza and Setaria pathotypes on rice and foxtail millet, respectively. All ACE1 alleles found in wheat blast population are recognized by a rice resistance gene, Pi33, when introduced into rice blast isolates. ACE1 mutations for evading the recognition by Pi33 do not affect the aggressiveness of the rice blast fungus on rice but inevitably impair the aggressiveness of the wheat blast fungus on wheat. These results suggest that a blast resistance gene already defeated in rice may be revived as a durable resistance gene in wheat by targeting an Achilles heel of the wheat blast fungus.
Emergent digital possibilities for design-led reuse within circular economy
Authors: Keulemans Guy , Adams Roxane
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses literature and practice-based case studies in transformative, design-led reuse using emerging technologies. The inability of recycling to manage the assortment and complexity of waste materials within Circular Economy (CE) demands more discrete, attentive and granular approaches to reuse of waste by design professionals. This paper explores emerging and established digital technologies of Building Information Management (BIM), 3D scanning and artificial intelligence (AI) for their capacity to ease and improve transformative, design-led reuse practices for interiors, furnishings, architecture and building. Practice-based research is used to communicate first-hand encounters with the possibilities, benefits and challenges of these digital techniques.
Photoelectrochemical analysis of Pb2+ based on Au@PTCA Schottky junction with Pb2+-G quadruplex structure
Authors: Li Mengjie , Shen Guohao , Zhou You , Chen Yang , Jia Liping , Li Xiang , Zhang Feng
Published: July 2024

Herein, a novel PEC aptasensor using Au@PTCA Schottky junction as the optoelectronic material and Pb2+-G quadruplex structure as the efficient quencher was constructed for the detection of Pb2+ with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity.
Functional fibers/textiles for smart sensing devices and applications in personal healthcare systems
Authors: Lu Wangdong , Wu Guoxin , Gan Linli , Zhang Yingying , Li Kai
Published: July 2024

The paper gives overall perspective of the promising field by reviewing diversity of functional sensing fibers/textiles and hopes researchers track the progress of flexible sensing fibers/textiles for applications in personal healthcare system.
A GalNAc-modified CaCO3 nano-immunomodulator for targeted and responsive immunotherapy against orthotopic liver cancer
Authors: Li Yanhua , Yin Jiaqi , Zhong Jiarui , Pan Wei , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: July 2024

A nano-immunomodulator modified with N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) on calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was prepared for targeted and responsive immunotherapy.
A three-component hydrogen bonded framework
Authors: Muang-Non Phonlakrit , Perry-Britton Meabh K. S. , Macreadie Lauren K. , White Nicholas G.
Published: July 2024

A porous three-component hydrogen bonded framework is prepared from a tetra-amidinium cation and two different dicarboxylate anions.
Topochemical cross-linking of diacetylene in a highly interpenetrated three-dimensional covalent organic framework
Authors: Liu Shangqing , Chen Mengyao , Zhao Yu , Xing Guolong , Zhu Weidong , Ben Teng
Published: July 2024

The topochemical 1,4-addition reaction of diacetylene was successfully conducted within a three-dimensional diacetylene-containing covalent organic framework under thermal induction for the first time.
A sustainable CVD approach for ZrN as a potential catalyst for nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Glauber Jean-Pierre , Lorenz Julian , Liu Ji , Müller Björn , Bragulla Sebastian , Kostka Aleksander , Rogalla Detlef , Wark Michael , Nolan Michael , Harms Corinna , Devi Anjana
Published: July 2024

A versatile CVD process for growing facetted ZrN layers as a potential catalyst for electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia.
A Ru–porphyrin metal–organic framework with Mn2+ paddlewheel nodes for the selective oxidation of C(sp3)–H bonds
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Shen Kesheng , Jing Xu , Duan Chunying
Published: July 2024

The oxidation of inert C–H bonds was achieved using a metalloporphyrin organic framework as a thermal catalyst.
Fabricating a high-performance anode by coating a carbon layer on a yolk–shell bimetallic selenide microsphere for enhanced lithium storage
Authors: Wang Wenzhe , Qiu Shuting , Gao Tianqi , He Hua , Zhao Xiaojun , Liu Zhi-Hong
Published: July 2024

CoSe2/Ni3Se4@NC was prepared through a facile solvothermal and subsequent selenization approaches and utilized as an anode material for Li storage.
Exploring metal carbamates as precursors for the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Volante Stefania , Kloda Matouš , Demel Jan , Pampaloni Guido , Marchetti Fabio , Bresciani Giulio , Taddei Marco
Published: July 2024

The synthesis of HKUST-1 and UiO-66 from N,N-diethylcarbamato complexes of Cu(ii) and Zr(iv) is explored, leading to protocols workable at ambient temperature.
Refining grains and optimizing grain boundaries by Al2Yb to enable a dendrite-free lithium anode
Authors: Deng Yunlong , Gao Jian , Wang Ming , Deng Jinxiang , Zhou Yicheng , Sun Wei
Published: July 2024

The stripping/plating behavior of the lithium metal anode was successfully improved, resulting in the improvement of the electrochemical cycling stability and rate performance.
One-pot FeCl3-catalyzed sustainable synthesis of pyrimidines using ammonium iodide, aldehydes and alkyl lactate as raw materials
Authors: Fu Meitian , Li Jingpeng , Zhang Zhou , Wan Juan , Yuan Minglong , Huang Chao
Published: July 2024

Iron(iii)- and iodide-promoted efficient synthesis of pyrimidines from biomass-based alkyl lactates, inorganic ammonium, and aldehydes was carried out.
Identification of readily available pseudo-natural products
Authors: Pahl Axel , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Kondratov Ivan S. , Waldmann Herbert
Published: July 2024

Pseudo-natural products (PNPs) combine fragments derived from NPs in ways that are not found in nature, and may lead to the discovery of novel chemotypes for unexpected targets or the identification of unprecedented bioactivities.
Ultrafine low loading AgCu nanoclusters supported on defective ZIF-8 for the click reaction with high stability
Authors: Li Xinghao , Ajmal Sara , Fang Penghui , Zhou Xiaoxing , Lu Maoni , Li Sichen , Chen Ping , Li Peng , Zhu Manzhou
Published: July 2024

AgCu nanoclusters occupy some of the defects in D-ZIF-8, which makes AgCu/D-ZIF-8 catalysts exhibit good stability and catalytic activity for the click reaction.
ZIF-67-derived Co–N–C supported nickel cobalt sulfide as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for sustainable hydrogen production via alkaline electrolysis
Authors: Sumit  , Borah Apurba , Palaniyappan Sathishkumar , Rajeshkhanna Gaddam
Published: July 2024

This study introduces two efficient electrode materials, NF@ZIF-67@NiCo2S4 and NF@Co–N–C@NiCo2S4, for H2 production, achieving excellent OER, HER and overall water splitting activities with remarkable durability in an alkaline electrolyzer.
Effect of the Hammett substituent constant of para-substituted benzoic acid on the perovskite/SnO2 interface passivation in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hong Ki-Nam , Lee Sang-Uk , Zhang Chunyang , Cho Seong-Ho , Park Nam-Gyu
Published: July 2024

The positive Hammett substituent constant of para-substituted benzoic acids is found to be more effective than the negative one in passivating the perovskite/SnO2 interface of perovskite solar cells.
Palladium-catalyzed amidation of carbazole derivatives via hydroamination of isocyanates
Authors: Li Meng-Yuan , Chen Peng , Pan Ming-Xia , Hu Hao-Lan , Jiang Yi-Jun
Published: July 2024

The first amidation of carbazoles at the N9 position via palladium-catalyzed hydroamination of isocyanates was successfully achieved by a work-up-free and chromatography-free method.
Insights into conformational ensembles of compositionally identical disordered peptidomimetics
Authors: Day Erin C. , Cunha Keila C. , Zhao Roy J. , DeStefano Audra J. , Dodds James N. , Yu Melissa A. , Bemis Jaina R. , Han Songi , Baker Erin S. , Shea Joan-Emma , Berlow Rebecca B. , Knight Abigail S.
Published: July 2024

A model system of peptidomimetics was developed to characterize the complex conformational ensembles of compositionally identical disordered peptoids using a suite of analyses, including a rapid colorimetric technique.
Cascade enzymatic synthesis of a statin side chain precursor – the role of reaction engineering in process optimization
Authors: Sudar Martina , Milčić Nevena , Česnik Katulić Morana , Szekrenyi Anna , Hernández Karel , Fekete Melinda , Wardenga Rainer , Majerić Elenkov Maja , Qi Yuyin , Charnock Simon , Vasić-Rački Đurđa , Fessner Wolf-Dieter , Clapés Pere , Findrik Blažević Zvjezdana
Published: July 2024

Statins are an important class of drugs used to lower blood cholesterol levels and are often used to combat cardiovascular disease.
Rapid synthesis of aminal-linked covalent organic frameworks for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Yang Jianwei , Han Xianghao , Feng Xiao
Published: July 2024

Aminal-linked COFs, featuring excellent solvent compatibility and scalability, enable rapid synthesis within one hour. This study lays the foundation for rapid, large-scale COF production and practical applications.
Inhibition of apoptosis and biofilm formation in Candida auris by click-synthesized triazole-bridged quinoline derivatives
Authors: Wani Mohmmad Younus , Srivastava Vartika , El-Said Waleed Ahmed , Al-Bogami Abdullah Saad , Ahmad Aijaz
Published: July 2024

Candida auris, a recent addition to the Candida species, poses a significant threat with its association to numerous hospital outbreaks globally, particularly affecting immunocompromised individuals.
Intensified electrochemiluminescence and photoluminescence via supramolecular anion recognition interactions
Authors: Cheng Jun , Yang Liuqing , Wang Ruiyao , Wisner James A. , Ding Zhifeng , Wang Hong-Bo
Published: July 2024

Herein, intensified electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and photoluminescence (PL) via supramolecular anion recognition interactions are demonstrated. This great improvement is attributed to the restriction of intramolecular rotation upon anion coordination.
Balancing the relationship between the activity and stability of anode oxide-based electrocatalysts in acid for PEMWE electrolyzers
Authors: Xu Yingying , Zhao Yingxia , Yuan Zihui , Sun Yue , Peng Shaomin , Zhong Yuanhong , Sun Ming , Yu Lin
Published: July 2024

This review covers advancements in noble and non-noble metal oxides for acidic OER, emphasizing the evaluation of catalyst instability, and strategies to enhance IrO2, RuO2, and TM oxides.
Structural design of biomass-derived hard carbon anode materials for superior sodium storage via increasing crystalline cellulose and closing the open pores
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Zhang Sijing , Tang Jingjing , Yang Juan , Wen Kang , Wang Jiong , Wang Peng , Zhou Xiangyang , Zhang Yaguang
Published: July 2024

Through the two-step acid treatment and two-stage heat treatment method proposed in this study, the properties of almond shells were efficiently modulated and transformed into hard carbon materials rich in closed pores and oxygen-containing groups.
A Ru atomic cluster-installed Co–Co2B nanocatalyst remarkably combats product inhibition while sustaining high turnover frequency of hydrogen production
Authors: Borah Rajani Kumar , Singh Priti , Dixit Mudit , Vernekar Amit A.
Published: July 2024

This work unveils the Ru atomic clusters-installed Co–Co2B nanocatalyst that remarkably combats borate-based product inhibition without compromising the superior rate and turnover frequency of hydrogen generation from ammonia borane.
Chemical vapor deposition of high charge carrier mobility benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polymer thin films
Authors: Charyton Marek K. , Crêpellière Jonathan , Kotwica Kamil , Gora Monika , Le William , Frache Gilles , Grysan Patrick , Guillot Jérôme , Baba Kamal , Boscher Nicolas D.
Published: July 2024

Low band gap and high hole mobility benzothiadiazole–oligothiophene conjugated polymers free from side chains are readily synthesized and deposited in the form of thin films via chemical vapor deposition.
Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals for plant-growth lighting applications: strategies for boosting stability
Authors: Li Xiangyan , Maimaitizi Hujiabudula , Ailijiang Nuerla , Abulizi Abulikemu , Mamat Anwar
Published: July 2024

This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the advantages and latest progress of MHP materials for plant lighting. Efforts to enhance stability for plant lighting applications are explored.
Elemental doping and size effect-modified biomass-derived carbon: a fascinating microwave absorbing/shielding and energy saving material
Authors: Fahimi Ali , Fakharian Pouyan , Mirakhan Ali , Farahani Atiye , Zhou Zehua , Zhao Yue , Peymanfar Reza
Published: July 2024

Phosphorous-implated CNTs onto pyrolyzed almond shells bringing fascinating microwave absorbing/shielding and energy-saving capability as a sustainable, practical, and affordable material.
Bimetallic CoNi-metal–organic framework@molybdenum disulfide core–shell Z-scheme heterojunctions with broad-spectrum response toward optimized photocatalytic performance
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Xing Zipeng , Zhang Na , Cheng Tao , Ren Bo , Chen Weizi , Wang Zibin , Li Zhenzi , Zhou Wei
Published: July 2024

The CoNi-MOF@MoS2 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst with core–shell structure is prepared by a two-step hydrothermal method. The many active sites of MoS2 and the high porosity of CoNi-MOF are conducive to the degradation of pollutants.
Automatic Speech Recognition of Conversational Speech in Individuals With Disordered Speech
Authors: Tobin Jimmy , Nelson Phillip , MacDonald Bob , Heywood Rus , Cave Richard , Seaver Katie , Desjardins Antoine , Jiang Pan-Pan , Green Jordan R.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

This study examines the effectiveness of automatic speech recognition (ASR) for individuals with speech disorders, addressing the gap in performance between read and conversational ASR. We analyze the factors influencing this disparity and the effect of speech mode–specific training on ASR accuracy.

Method:

Recordings of read and conversational speech from 27 individuals with various speech disorders were analyzed using both (a) one speaker-independent ASR system trained and optimized for typical speech and (b) multiple ASR models that were personalized to the speech of the participants with disordered speech. Word error rates were calculated for each speech model, read versus conversational, and subject. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the impact of speech mode and disorder severity on ASR accuracy. We investigated nine variables, classified as technical, linguistic, or speech impairment factors, for their potential influence on the performance gap.

Results:

We found a significant performance gap between read and conversational speech in both personalized and unadapted ASR models. Speech impairment severity notably impacted recognition accuracy in unadapted models for both speech modes and in personalized models for read speech. Linguistic attributes of utterances were the most influential on accuracy, though atypical speech characteristics also played a role. Including conversational speech samples in model training notably improved recognition accuracy.

Conclusions:

We observed a significant performance gap in ASR accuracy between read and conversational speech for individuals with speech disorders. This gap was largely due to the linguistic complexity and unique characteristics of speech disorders in conversational speech. Training personalized ASR models using conversational speech significantly improved recognition accuracy, demonstrating the importance of domain-specific training and highlighting the need for further research into ASR systems capable of handling disordered conversational speech effectively.
Low-temperature pyrolysis of coal with determination of physicochemical properties of coal and its thermal decomposition products
Authors: Nurgaliyev Nurken , Kolpek Aynagul , Iskakova Zhanar , Glazyrin Sergey , Safarov Ruslan , Aibuldinov Yelaman
Published: July 2024

In the article the low-temperature pyrolysis of Kazakhstan low-grade coal with determination of physical and chemical properties of coal and products of its thermal decomposition is carried out. Elemental analysis of coal and analysis of mineral part of coal were carried out. 6 parallel experiments of the process of low-temperature pyrolysis of coal were carried out, as a result of which the yields of such products as semi-coke, tar, combustible gas were determined, and also their main characteristics (component composition, calorific value, etc.) were determined. The convergence of the results (from 6 experiments) is quite satisfactory. The heat balance of coal pyrolysis was carried out taking into account the average yields of products.
Building parameter influence on overheating and undercooling risks in the Mediterranean social housing stock of southern Spain
Authors: Calama-González Carmen María , Suárez Rafael , Escandón Rocío
Published: July 2024

In recent years, there has been a notable rise in temperatures, along with an escalation of heatwaves as a consequence of global warming. This phenomenon conspicuously impacts summer and winter, leading to modifications in the building energy balance, such as higher overheating risks, increased cooling energy consumption or decreased heating demand. Consequently, evaluating the risks associated with overheating and undercooling discomfort in the existing stock becomes of great significance, prior to the implementation of retrofit strategies. In this line, a parameterized and validated building stock simulation model has been constructed, defined from the most representative building archetype, allowing the evaluation of overheating and undercooling risks in the existing social housing stock in southern Spain. To do so, monitored data from a case study and extensive information of a public building database have been considered. The most influential parameters on adaptive overheating and undercooling discomfort have been defined through sensitivity analysis. The study highlights the importance of window configuration and air-related parameters on overheating and undercooling, being also worth noting the relevance of ventilation schedules, even more than ventilation rates. These findings are crucial for defining energy retrofit solutions aimed at minimizing the effects of global warming, while taking into consideration undercooling conditions.