bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Factor VIII Related Antigen and Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Vilhardt Hans , Holmberg Lars , Åstedt Birger
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. It is known that factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) and plasminogen activator (PA) are synthesized in the vascular endothelial cells from which they may be released in response to certain stimuli such as venous occlusion (VO) or infusion of DDAVP (1‐desamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin). To elucidate the possible association between these two factors we studied the response of factor VIII related activities and PA to VO and DDAVP (i.v. and i.n.) in 104 normal individuals, two patients with severe haemophilia A and 16 with various forms of von Willebrand's disease (vWd). Analysis of the results from each of the normal persons revealed a positive correlation between the maximal increase in plasma concentrations of VIIIR:Ag and PA after DDAVP. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that some individuals responded repeatedly with either very high or very low F VIII and PA release. In four patients with severe vWd (no detectable VIIIR:Ag by an immunoradiometric method (IRMA)), DDAVP did not affect factor VIII related activities and no increase in PA was observed. Infusion of antihaemophilic factor (fraction I‐O, Kabi) prior to the administration of DDAVP failed to increase the PA levels. VO of the arms had no effect on PA in these patients. Four patients with moderate vWd (0.01 U/dl VIIIR:Ag by IRMA) developed fibrinolytic activity after DDAVP, however, within the lower limit of the normal range. In nine patients with mild or variant vWd (0.1 U/dl by IRMA), DDAVP caused increases both in factor VIII related activities and PA. The two haemophiliacs responded to DDAVP and VO with normal increases in PA and VIIIR:Ag. The combined data indicate that there is an association between the release of PA and factor VIII related activities in normals, haemophiliacs and patients with vWd.
Prognostic Value of Renal Vein Renin Determination in Suspected Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Bergrem Harald , Jervell Jak , Solheim Dag M. , Flatmar Audun
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Surgical correction of unilateral renal artery stenosis was performed in 31 hypertensive patients. Preoperative renal vein renin ratios (RVRR) before and after dihydralazine stimulation were measured in all patients. Postoperative blood pressures were normal in 12, improved in 17 and unchanged in 2 patients. Six patients did not have renin lateralization, but all were cured or improved after surgery. RVRR was a poor predictor of the results of surgery in patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis.
Total Atrioventricular Block with Syncopes Complicating Carbamazepin Therapy
Authors: Ladefoged S. D. , Megelvang J. C.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.A case of carbamazepine‐induced intermittent total atrioventricular block with asystole and Stokes‐Adams attacks is reported. The diagnosis was proved by repeated administration of carbam‐azepine after insertion of a demand pacemaker. If syncopes occur or change nature in a patient treated with carbamazepine, evaluation of cardiac conduction is recommended.
Effects of Cod Liver Oil on Platelets and Coagulation in Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa)
Authors: Brox Jan H. , Killie Jan E. , Østerud Bjarne , Holme Stein , Nordøy Arne
Published: August 2010

Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa) were given 30 ml cod liver oil (CLO) as dietary supplement daily for 6 weeks. The effects on platelets, bleeding time, coagulation and blood and platelet lipids were examined. The major findings were a reduced collagen‐induced platelet aggregation and a decrease in thrombin‐stimulated thromboxane B2 generation in platelets in vitro. The primary bleeding time was not significantly prolonged. Statistically significant increase in ***eicosapentaenoic add/arachidonic acid ratios in the main platelet phospholipids were also observed. These changes did not correlate with any of the changes in platelet behavior observed after CLO intake. The serum total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were not altered during the trial.
Severe Hypophosphatemia—A Hospital Survey
Authors: LARSSON LASSE , REBEL KARL , SÖRBO BO
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Eleven patients with a serum phosphate concentration below 0.3 mmol/1 were detected in a prospective study of severe hypophosphatemia carried out over 7 weeks on 13579 adult inpatients. For only one of these patients had a serum phosphate determination been requested by the ward, whereas the remaining cases of severe hypophosphatemia were detected as a result of the study. The most common cause of unexpected severe hypophosphatemia was chronic alcoholism.
Hydralazine‐associated Glomerulonephritis
Authors: BJÖRCK STAFFAN , SVALANDER CHRISTIAN , WESTBERG GUNNAR
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Nine patients (6 men, 3 women) with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis developing during hydralazine therapy were seen. Early cessation of hydralazine treatment resulted in improvement in seven patients, while continued hydralazine treatment resulted in permanent renal insufficiency in two. The clinical symptoms of systemic illness associated with the hydralazine syndrome were absent in most patients. Antinuclear antibody test was positive in all, and six investigated patients had antibodies to histones. All patients had anemia, high ESR, and microscopic hematuria. Five of the nine patients were rapid drug acetylators. Renal biopsies from eight patients revealed a uniform histologic picture with segmental necrosis of glomeruli and extracapillary proliferation. Immunofluorescence investigation was positive in all and electron microscopy revealed deposits in the glomerular capillary walls in five of seven specimens. This renal disease may represent a late and monosymptomatic manifestation of the hydralazine syndrome.
Narrowing of Coronary Artery: Thresholds for the Occurrence of Angina Pectoris
Authors: Hekali P.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The degree of narrowing of coronary artery that caused angina pectoris, was estimated in female and male patients with single vessel coronary artery disease, with the aid of quantitative measurements of a single stenosis in arteriograms. In female patients, the onset of mild angina pectoris (NYHA, functional class I‐II) occured when the coronary artery diameter was reduced by an average of 41 per cent, whereas it could not be estimated reliably in male patients because they nearly all had well developed collaterals bypassing the stenosis. For severe angina pectoris (NYHA, functional class III‐IV) the mean stenosis was 72 per cent in female and 78 per cent in male patients.
Uremic Polyneuropathy: Different Effects of Hemodialysis and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: TEGNÉR RICHARD , LINDHOLM BENGT
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Registrations of clinical signs of neuropathy, quantified according to a fixed protocol, and determinations of vibratory perception thresholds and nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were performed in 22 patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) and in 21 patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Measurements were made at the start of dialysis and during a follow‐up period of about 30 months. Motor NCV decreased in both groups; vibratory thresholds increased markedly in the CAPD patients, but not in the HD patients; and the clinical signs worsened in the HD patients, but not in the CAPD patients. The difference in outcome of the clinical signs during HD and CAPD was not of such a magnitude that one of these dialysis forms should be preferred before the other as regards neuropathy. We conclude that peripheral neuropathy may deteriorate during both HD and CAPD, but in significantly different ways, indicating that several pathogenetic mechanisms are probably involved in uremic neuropathy.
Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Accompany Immobilization
Authors: MYLLYNEN PERTTI , KOIVISTO VEIKKO A. , NIKKILÄ ESKO A.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Physical activity is known to increase glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. To examine the influence of physical inactivity on insulin sensitivity, we measured oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and insulin response to glucose in 18 patients immobilized to bed for six weeks after acute spine fracture. The results were compared to those of nine chronically immobilized spinal cord injury patients and to eight healthy mobile controls. During the first week after trauma both glucose and insulin responses in the OGTT were two‐ to three‐fold above normal (p<0.01). The index of insulin resistance (glucose area × insulin area) was seven‐fold greater than in healthy controls (p<0.001). After three weeks' immobilization insulin resistance had declined by 30–35% (p<0.05) being then at the level observed in chronically immobilized subjects. After remobilization the insulin resistance was further decreased but remained still 2.3 times higher than in controls. Thus, trauma causes a manifold increase in insulin resistance, which is reduced but not normalized during the subsequent immobilization and remobilization.
Global histone acetylation levels: Prognostic relevance in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Mosashvilli Davit , Kahl Philip , Mertens Claudia , Holzapfel Stefanie , Rogenhofer Sebastian , Hauser Stefan , Büttner Reinhard , Von Ruecker Alexander , Müller Stefan C. , Ellinger Jörg
Published: August 2010

Epigenetic alterations play an important role in carcinogenesis. Recent studies have suggested that global histone modifications are predictors of cancer recurrence in various tumor entities. Global histone acetylation levels (histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation [H3K9Ac], histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation [H3K18Ac], total histone H3 acetylation [H3Ac] and total histone H4 acetylation [H4Ac]) were determined in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using immunohistochemistry in a tissue micro array with 193 RCC and 10 oncocytoma specimens. The histone acetylation pattern was not different among the diverse histological subtypes of RCC or oncocytoma samples. The H3Ac levels were inversely correlated with pT‐stage (P = 0.005), distant metastasis (P = 0.036), Fuhrman grading (P = 0.001) and RCC progression (P = 0.029, hazard ratio 0.87). H4Ac deacetylation was correlated with pT‐stage (P = 0.011) and grading (P = 0.029). H3K18Ac levels were an independent predictor of cancer‐progression following surgery for localized RCC in the univariate (P = 0.001, hazard ratio 0.78) and multivariate (P = 0.005, hazard ratio 0.82) analysis. In conclusion, our study supports the concept of global histone modification levels as a universal cancer prognosis marker, and provides evidence for the use of histone deacetylases inhibitors as future drugs in the therapy of RCC. (Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 2664–2669)
Effects of testosterone supplementation on markers of the metabolic syndrome and inflammation in hypogonadal men with the metabolic syndrome: the double‐blinded placebo‐controlled Moscow study
Authors: Kalinchenko Svetlana Y. , Tishova Yuliya A. , Mskhalaya George J. , Gooren Louis J. G. , Giltay Erik J. , Saad Farid
Published: August 2010

Objective Men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have low plasma testosterone (T) levels. The aim of this study was to establish whether the normalization of plasma T improves the features of the MetS.

Design A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded, phase III trial of 184 men suffering from both the MetS and hypogonadism.

Patients One hundred and eighty‐four men, aged 35–70, with the MetS and hypogonadism (baseline total T level <12·0 nmor calculated free T level <225 pm.), recruited in the outpatient andrology and urology clinic, Research Center for Endocrinology in Moscow, Russia.

Intervention Treatment for 30 weeks with either parenteral T undecanoate (n = 113; TU; 1000 mg IM) or placebo (n = 71), administered at baseline, and after 6 and 18 weeks. One hundred and five (92·9%) men receiving TU and 65 (91·5%) receiving placebo completed the trial.

Measurements Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, insulin, leptin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐1‐beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α).

Results There were significant decreases in weight, BMI and WC in the TUvsplacebo group. Levels of leptin and insulin also decreased, but there were no changes in serum glucose or lipid profile. Of the inflammatory markers, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and CRP decreased, while IL‐6 and IL‐10 did not change significantly.

Conclusions Thirty weeks of T administration normalizing plasma T in hypogonadal men with the MetS improved some components of the MetS and a number of inflammatory markers.
Multiple doses of pegylated long‐acting growth hormone are well tolerated in healthy male volunteers and possess a potential once‐weekly treatment profile
Authors: Rasmussen Michael Højby , Jensen Lene , Anderson Thomas W. , Klitgaard Thomas , Madsen Jesper
Published: August 2010

Objectives  Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) replacement therapy in children and adults currently requires daily subcutaneous injections for several years or lifelong. The current study examined safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response parameters after single and multiple doses of a long‐acting rhGH preparation (NNC126‐0083).

Design  Randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, multiple‐dose, dose‐escalating (0·02, 0·04, 0·08 and 0·16 mg protein/kg), sequential dose group trial.

Subjects  Forty adult Japanese healthy male volunteers (aged 20–45; body mass index: 18·0–27·0 kg/m2). Five groups (n = 8) were randomized to receive multiple doses of NNC126‐0083 (n = 6) or placebo (n = 2).

Methods  Primary outcome was safety, and tolerability of multiple doses of NNC126‐0083 compared with placebo. Blood samples for the assessment of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics response [insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3)] were taken after multiple ascending doses.

Results  NNC126‐0083 was well tolerated and not associated with any local injection‐site reactions or lipoatrophy. Following administration, NNC126‐0083 levels increased rapidly and remained elevated for several days, returning to baseline before each weekly injection. Steady‐state PK was achieved after the third dosing. A more than dose‐proportional exposure was observed at the highest NNC126‐0083 dose (0·16 mg protein/kg). A strong dose‐dependent pharmacodynamic response in circulating concentrations of both IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 compared with placebo (P < 0·0001) was observed during the administration of all doses.

Conclusions  Multiple administration of NNC126‐0083 in healthy male volunteers indicates that NNC126‐0083 has the potential for an efficacious, well‐tolerated, once‐weekly rhGH compound in the treatment of GH deficiency.
Future climate‐driven shifts in distribution of Calanus finmarchicus
Authors: REYGONDEAU GABRIEL , BEAUGRAND GRÉGORY
Published: August 2010

Calanus finmarchicus is a key‐structural species of the North Atlantic polar biome. The species plays an important trophic role in subpolar and polar ecosystems as a grazer of phytoplankton and as a prey for higher trophic levels such as the larval stages of many fish species. Here, we used a recently developed ecological niche model to assess the ecological niche (sensu Hutchinson) of C. finmarchicus and characterize its spatial distribution. This model explained about 65% of the total variance of the observed spatial distribution inferred from an independent dataset (data of the continuous plankton recorder survey). Comparisons with other types of models (structured population and ecophysiological models) revealed a clear similarity between modeled spatial distributions at the scale of the North Atlantic. Contemporary models coupled with future projections indicated a progressive reduction of the spatial habitat of the species at the southern edge and a more pronounced one in the Georges Bank, the Scotian Shelf and the North Sea and a potential increase in abundance at the northern edge of its spatial distribution, especially in the Barents Sea. These major changes will probably lead to a major alteration of the trophodynamics of North Atlantic ecosystems affecting the trophodynamics and the biological carbon pump.
Footprints of climate change in the Arctic marine ecosystem
Authors: WASSMANN PAUL , DUARTE CARLOS M. , AGUSTÍ SUSANA , SEJR MIKAEL K.
Published: August 2010

In this article, we review evidence of how climate change has already resulted in clearly discernable changes in marine Arctic ecosystems. After defining the term ‘footprint’ and evaluating the availability of reliable baseline information we review the published literature to synthesize the footprints of climate change impacts in marine Arctic ecosystems reported as of mid‐2009. We found a total of 51 reports of documented changes in Arctic marine biota in response to climate change. Among the responses evaluated were range shifts and changes in abundance, growth/condition, behaviour/phenology and community/regime shifts. Most reports concerned marine mammals, particularly polar bears, and fish. The number of well‐documented changes in planktonic and benthic systems was surprisingly low. Evident losses of endemic species in the Arctic Ocean, and in ice algae production and associated community remained difficult to evaluate due to the lack of quantitative reports of its abundance and distribution. Very few footprints of climate change were reported in the literature from regions such as the wide Siberian shelf and the central Arctic Ocean due to the limited research effort made in these ecosystems. Despite the alarming nature of warming and its strong potential effects in the Arctic Ocean the research effort evaluating the impacts of climate change in this region is rather limited.
Time frequency distributions of TMJ sounds
Authors: WIDMALM S.E. , WILLIAMS W.J. , ZHENG C.
Published: August 2010

For analysis of time‐varying signals such as the TMJ sounds, it is often desirable to know how the frequency components change with time, using methods of time‐frequency analysis. The aim of this study was to compare two of the most familiar methods for energy density representation with a newly developed technique. The sounds were recorded with a microphone fastened to the subject's forehead, transformed to the time‐frequency domain and displayed as 3D‐ and contour plots using spectrogram, Wigner distribution (WD), and the reduced interference distribution (RID) to display their time‐frequency energy distributions. The spectrogram resolved only the low‐frequency components. The WD provided higher resolution but also exhibited strong interference between components. The RID gave a detailed representation of the TMJ signals' relative energy distribution in the time and frequency domains, with a great reduction in the interference or cross terms. The RID therefore appears to be most useful in the application of time‐frequency distributions in classification of TMJ sounds.
Swallow thresholds using dentures made on different types of articulator
Authors: MOWLANA F. , HEATH M. R.
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine whether edentate subjects achieved different performance when using dentures constructed on different articulators. A cross‐over experimental design was employed to evaluate these swallow thresholds using complete dentures constructed on the hinge and free plane articulators. Seven subjects completed the study. Swallow threshold tests were performed 3 months after the insertion of dentures. The overall particle size distribution achieved with the dentures constructed on free plane articulators was significantly better at the end of the 3‐month period (P < 0·01 to P < 0·0001), but significantly more strokes were used to achieve this success rate (P < 0·04). A questionnaire revealed that the subjects had a preference for the denture constructed on the free plane articulator. It is concluded that patients performed better with dentures constructed on the free plane articulator.
Some clinical investigations on retention forces of maxillary complete dentures with the use of denture fixatives
Authors: GHANI F. , PICTON D.C.A.
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate objectively and clinically the relative improvement in retention forces of complete dentures with the use of three proprietary denture fixatives. Using the UCL Retentiometer, retention forces of ill‐fitting maxillary complete dentures were measured with saliva alone as the interface medium and with the use of the three test denture fixatives in edentulous subjects over a peroid of 6 h. Results showed that forces with saliva alone were consistently and significantly lower when compared with the forces measured at any test period with the use of the test fixatives. A sixfold improvement in forces from the salivary baseline values was observed when these materials were used. However, the test fixatives showed substantial variations in retention forces depending on the physical formulation of the material. Whilst the powder Variety was effective immediately after its application, retention forces with the liquid and paste materials did not peak until 3 h post‐insertion. Measurements at 6 h post‐insertion stage showed that the powder fixative was the least effective of the three materials. This was mainly attributed to the rapid washing of the active ingredients by saliva because of the absence of oily base present in the paste and liquid materials.
Assessment of treatment outcome in patients with craniomandibular dysfunction
Authors: DE LEEUW J.R.J. , STEENKS M.H. , ROS W.J.G. , LOBBEZOO‐SCHOLTE A.M. , BOSMAN F. , WINNUBST J.A.M.
Published: August 2010

Psychosocial, socio‐demographic and symptom characteristics have been shown to be associated with treatment outcome in patients with craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD). This study was performed to assess to what extent symptoms and correlates of CMD change as a consequence of conservative treatment for CMD. Treatment outcome in a group of CMD patients treated with a stabilization splint (experimental group) was compared with that of a group of patients with CMD who were not treated for CMD (control group). Patients in the experimental group had fewer symptoms of CMD at the end of treatment. However, several symptoms and correlates of CMD also improved in the control group (severity of pain, joint noises, ear symptoms). It was therefore questioned whether all improvements in symptoms and correlates of CMD in the experimental group could be attributed to the treatment received. Results suggest that the main improvement that might be ascribed to therapy was a decrease in ‘jaw symptoms’. There was a noticeable decrease in depression and an increased use of ‘planned actions and rational thinking’ as a coping style in the experimental group whereas these variables did not change in the control group. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
The prevalence of cardinal TMJ dysfunction symptoms and its relationship to occlusal factors in Japanese female adolescents
Authors: VERDONCK A. , TAKADA K. , KITAI N. , KURIAMA R. , YASUDA Y. , CARELS C. , SAKUDA M.
Published: August 2010

Cross‐sectional data were obtained from 1182 Japanese high school girls of 12 and 15 years old. The data were analysed for the prevalence of specific occlusal features and the prevalence of cardinal Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJD) symptoms in different occlusion groups. The associations between occlusal features and TMJD symptoms were analysed by the Z‐analysis. The results were as follows: the prevalence of TMJD symptoms (total) was about 23% in both age groups examined. Noise had the highest prevalence of the specific TMJD symptoms in both age groups (16% and 11%). With age and for different occlusion groups, there was a significant increase in deviation on opening (P < 0.001) and a decrease in pain and noise (P < 0.05). No significant associations were found between the occurrence of TMJD symptoms (total) and occlusal features in all the examined occlusion groups. With respect to specific TMJD symptoms, however, the investigation of the different groups revealed a significant association (P < 0.05) of intra‐arch occlusal (crowding) features with the occurrence of deviation on opening and with the occurrence of the combined TMJD symptoms which include deviation on opening. This indicates that crowding may be an important sign for predisposing TMJD. For the other single disorder symptoms (except pain), we did not find a significant relationship (P < 0.05) with aspects of occlusion, which may confirm a multifactorial TMJD problem wherein occlusal features can have a contribution to TMJD.
Some principles in the dental crown construction in permanent maxillary centrals of Slovenians
Authors: GAŠPERŠIČ D.
Published: August 2010

To increase the understanding of the incisors crown form, the lingual fossa depth, crown width and crown thickness between lingual marginal ridges of the permanent maxillary centrals were measured on 257 stone casts of Slovene children. The right‐left, male‐female differences, as well as the correlations between the variables themselves were analysed. Male centrals exhibited wider and thicker crown compared to female centrals, while the lingual fossa depth showed no sex differences. A positive correlation in terms of positive allometry between lingual fossa depth and crown width was established. A negative lingual fossa depth‐crown thickness correlation was found with female left centrals. High right‐left symmetry was established, except for the directional asymmetry of all three measured variables on female centrals.

The results indicate that the positive correlation in terms of positive allometry between the thickness of the lingual marginal ridges and the crown width is one of the basic principles of the crown formation for the permanent maxillary centrals. Usually we have to work with absolute thickening of the lingual marginal ridges because relative thickening on the account of the crown thickness is less usual. The latter possibility is less favourable for the firmness of the dental crown.
Human mastication modulated by experimental trigeminal and extra‐trigeminal painful stimuli
Authors: SVENSSON P. , NIELSEN L. ARENDT , BJERRING P. , BAK P. , HJORTH T. , TROEST T.
Published: August 2010

summary
This paper describes the modulation of human deliberately unilateral mastication by trigeminal and extra‐trigeminal standardized painful stimuli. Series with 15 s of gum‐chewing before induction of pain, during pain and after pain were quantitatively assessed by jaw‐closing muscle electromyography (EMG) and kinematics of the lower jaw. Four different painful stimuli were used: cold stimulation of the frontal region, cold stimulation of the dominant hand, capsaicin stimulation of the hard palate, and pressure painm stimulation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Intensity and quality of perceived pain were rated on visual analogue scales (VAS) and McGill's Pain Questionnaires (MPQ). Analysis of the data showed that frontal cold stimulation was the least painful test and was associated with the fewest changes in masticatory function. Cold stimulation of the hand and palatal capsaicin stimulation caused significant increases in peak amplitudes of EMG bursts from all jaw‐closing muscles and faster jaw movements whereas TMJ pressure pain produced significantly lower peak EMG amplitudes. The present results suggest that nociceptive input from different tissues and even extra‐trigeminal regions may modulate trigeminal motor function in selective ways. Thus, clinical observations of changes in masticatory function may not always be due to pain in the orofacial region and therefore do not necessitate orofacial treatment.
Observation of bolus position with standardized test foods and fluoroscopic technique
Authors: SHIAU Y. Y. , CHANG H. F. , CHANG Y. C. , CHANG Y. C.
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY
Sugar and agar balls containing barium were made for the fluoroscopic observation of the bolus position during habitual side chewing in 13 adult males (aged from 20 to 28 years) who had a complete dentition and healthy masticatory system. The test foods had constant size, shape, weight and known hardness, i.e. type 1, 20 kg; type 2, 40 kg; type 3, 1.0 kg and type 4, 0.5 kg. These four types of test foods were chewed randomly in a fluoroscopic room. The jaw separation distance and the bolus position during first bite and crushing bite were observed. The influence of the chewing order of four types of test foods on the bolus position was also recorded. It was found that both hard and soft test foods were most often crushed at the first molar area, and the separation distance during the crushing bite was only slightly wider than the diameter of the food. The first bite jaw separation distance for hard food chewing was significantly wider than soft food chewing and the later in the chewing order the wider the separation distance. The effect of chewing order was not significant on the position and jaw separation distance of the crushing bite.
Aetiology, prevalence and clinical features of cervical dentine sensitivity
Authors: CHABANSKI M.B. , GILLAM D.G.
Published: August 2010

summary
Cervical dentine sensitivity (CDS) is a painful response to thermal, physical or chemical stimulation of the cervical area of the tooth. The reported prevalence of this clinical condition ranges from 8 to 35% depending on the population studied and methodology used to evaluate CDS. Detailed epidemiology is lacking with regard to possible causal factors. Well conducted studies in larger populations using accepted standardized methodology for both questionnaire and clinical examination are essential if these factors are to be identified and the condition successfully prevented and treated. This paper reviews current literature on the prevalence, aetiology and oral distribution of this troublesome condition.
Marginal seal of composite inlays using different polymerization techniques
Authors: LIBERMAN R. , BEN‐AMAR A. , HERTEANU L. , JUDES H.
Published: August 2010

summary
The effect of indirect and semi‐direct curing systems of Cl II composite inlays on microleakage was investigated in vitro and compared to conventional direct posterior composite restorations. Nearly identical Cl II cavities were restored with the same composite resin using different polymerization systems. Microleakage assessment was carried out after cyclic loading and thermal stressing by assessing the dye penetration. The data showed that all inlay techniques resulted in improved marginal sealing compared with conventional restorations. However, the indirect procedure resulted in significantly reduced microleakage compared to the semi‐direct inlay techniques.
Adhesion of elastomeric impression materials to trays
Authors: BINDRA B. , HEAT J.R.
Published: August 2010

summary
The tensile and shear adhesive bond strengths of two addition cured silicones (Provil and Express) and a polyether (Impregum) impression material to brass, poly(methylmethacrylate) and visible light‐cured (VLC) tray resin were determined. Adhesive application significantly increased the bond strength; Provil and Express adhered most strongly to brass; whilst the Impregum‐VLC combination produced the strongest bond. Indeed, VLC resin generated greater adhesion than acrylic resin. Exchanging the adhesives specified for each silicone material generally resulted in higher bond strengths. No correlation was established between speed of separation of the test surfaces and bond strength. For optimum clinical performance, the impression material (adhesive) tray material giving the highest bond strength should be utilized.
Calcium and silicon from bioactive glass concerned with formation of nodules in periodontal‐ligament fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: KUBO K. , TSUKASA N. , UEHARA M. , IZUMI Y. , OGINO M. , KITANO M. , SUEDA T.
Published: August 2010

summary
Previously, the authors reported that bioactive glass promoted formation of nodules in cultured periodontal‐ligament fibroblasts and high concentrations of calcium and silicon were detected in the culture medium. Herein, the effects of bioactive glass, calcium alone and calcium and silicon for formation of nodules on the periodontal‐ligament fibroblasts are examined. The cells were cultured with bioactive glass, without bioactive glass, calcium and silicon, with calcium alone and with calcium and silicon. The ceil growth, alkaline‐phosphatase activity, amount of pro‐collagen type I and the number of nodules were measured periodically until the 21st day. The cell growth rate with calcium and silicon was the highest, however the rate with bioactive glass and calcium alone were similar to that without them. The alkaline‐phosphatase activity and the amount of pro‐collagen showed peaks at the 11th day. At the peak, the alkaline‐phosphatase activity with bioactive glass or calcium and silicon, and the pro‐collagen with bioactive glass was higher than without them. The number of nodules with bioactive glass, calcium alone or calcium and silicon was greater than without them. These findings suggested that the combination of calcium and silicon released from bioactive glass was concerned with the formation of nodules on the periodontal‐ligament cells.
Influence of talc on the properties of polycarboxylate cement
Authors: BANSAL R.K. , TEWARI U.S. , SINGH P. , MURTHY D.V.S.
Published: August 2010

summary
Zinc oxide, the inorganic component of polycarboxylate cement, was mixed with talc in various proportions from 10% to 50%. These powder mixtures were spatulated with poly(acrylic acid) in three powder to liquid (P/L) ratios of 1:1, 1‐5:1 and 2:1 (w/w). Properties such as setting time and compressive and diametral tensile strengths of the resultant cements were determined. It was observed that the setting time of the resultant cements increased with increasing talc content. The compressive and diametral tensile strengths also increased by approximately 54% with a 10% concentration of talc.
In vitro plaque formation on some dental filling materials
Authors: BENDERLI Y. , ULUKAPI H. , BALKANLI O. , KÜLEKÇI G.
Published: August 2010

summary
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of filling and lining materials in various compositions on Streptococcus mutans. Five glass–ionomer cements (Vitrebond, XR Ionomer, Ketac‐Bond, Shofu Base Cement, Shofu Lining Cement) and two composite materials (Heliomolar‐RO, Concise) were used in this study. Samples from these materials were prepared in sterilized conditions and hung in tryptic soy broth medium containing 5% sucrose. The media were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans ATCC 13419. After 5 days, the plaque that had accumulated on the surfaces was scraped off and weighed in wet and dry conditions. Then the colonies were counted and evaluated in comparison with each other. The least amount of plaque and colony numbers were found on Vitrebond material disks. In conclusion, there were no differences among XR Ionomer, Heliomolar‐RO and Ketac Bond. Concise gave better results than some materials containing fluoride; whereas the most abundant amounts of plaque were found on Shofu Lining Cement and Shofu Base Cement.
Pain and other cardinal TMJ dysfunction symptoms: a longitudinal survey of Japanese female adolescents
Authors: KITAI N. , TAKADA K. , YASUDA Y. , VERDONCK A. , CARELS C.
Published: August 2010

summary
Longitudinal data were obtained for 4 years from 361 Japanese high school girls between the ages of 12 and 16. The data were analysed for the occurrence of pain and its associations with the occurrence of other cardinal TMJ dysfunction symptoms and occlusal states. It was determined that even if pain or noise or jaw‐deviation symptoms appeared, those symptoms did not necessarily last thereafter. The symptoms were not persistent but rather appeared and disappeared repetitively. Those who exhibited noise during at least one of the surveys of the 4‐year survey period showed a significantly higher prevalence of pain than those who did not exhibit noise at all (P < 0.05). Those who exhibited noise by the age of 13 showed a significantly higher prevalence of pain than those who exhibited noise after age 14 (P < 0.1). The temporal occurrence of pain depended upon the appearance of noise and the age at which noise first appeared. On the other hand, the occurrence of pain symptoms was not necessarily related to specific types of malocclusions, which suggests the significance of multifactorial contributions in understanding the aetiology of pain rather than the occlusal factor.
Effect of dental base metal alloys on IgE levels and some blood parameters
Authors: KULAK Y. , ARIKAN A.
Published: August 2010

summary
Despite the widespread use of nickelbased alloys, claims for safety of these alloys have not yet been accepted universally. The allergenic effects of nickel on dental patients and the potential toxic effects of nickel and beryllium on laboratory technicians continue to cause concern within the dental profession. The purpose of this study was to investigate immunoglobulin type E (IgE) values and some blood parameters of dental laboratory technicians who use dental base metal alloys. The following two groups were studied: 19 students who had been working with dental base metal alloys for two years; and 21 pre‐clinical students who had never worked with dental base metal alloys. The latter group were used as a control. Blood specimens were taken from both groups and analysed using The Blood Counter. Total erythrocyte, thrombocyte, leukocyte, lymphocyte, granulocyte and monocyte counts were determined. Measurement of IgE was made with Coat‐A‐Count Total IgE IRMA. Blood and IgE measurements were repeated after 8 months. In the experimental group both erythrocyte and thrombocyte values were found to be statistically significantly decreased compared with the control group. No significant differences were found in lymphocyte and monocyte numbers between the initial and later measurements. There were no significance changes in IgE values for both groups. These results provide no evidence that dental base metal alloys (Ni, Cr, Be, Co) caused an increase in sensitization, during the period of the study.
Clinical and histological evaluation of thermal injury thresholds in human teeth: a preliminary study
Authors: BALDISSARA P. , CATAPANO S. , SCOTTI R.
Published: August 2010

summary
The effect on healthy dental pulp of thermal increases ranging from 8.9 to 14.7°C was evaluated. These temperature increases correspond approximately to those caused by certain restorative procedures, such as tooth preparation with high‐speed instruments and the fabrication of direct provisional crowns. Two criteria of evaluation have been used in conjunction, a clinical (symptomatic) and a histological one, to assert with greater precision potential damage to the pulp. The results suggest a low susceptibility of cells to heat, which does not appear to be a major factor of injury, at least in the short term. The main cause of postoperative inflammation or necrosis of the pulp is probably the injury of the dentine, a tissue in direct functional and physiological connection with the pulp.
The application of thermoelastic analysis to study stresses in human teeth
Authors: MEREDITH N. , SETCHELL D.J. , SWANSON S.A.V.
Published: August 2010

summary
The aims of this investigation were to use a full‐field thermoelastic technique to study the stress distribution on human teeth subjected to dynamic loads and derive a value for the thermoelastic constant for human enamel. Surface stresses were observed on extracted intact human molar teeth subjected to a load of 200 N cycled at 20 Hz. Measurements were repeated for the same teeth following mesio‐occluso‐distal cavity preparation and restoration with amalgam and adhesively bonded composite restorations. A value for the thermoelastic constant for human enamel (Km) of 2.25 × 10−12 m2/N was calculated from physical coefficients in the literature. Unprepared specimens exhibited a comparable magnitude and distribution of stresses to those seen when teeth were restored with adhesively bonded composite restorations. Higher stresses were observed on prepared teeth and there was little change following restoration with amalgam. It can be concluded that a full‐field thermoelastic stress analysis technique can be successfully applied to study teeth subjected to axial dynamic loads in vitro and that the resultant stresses are greater in prepared teeth than those restored with bonded composite materials.
Storage effect on dentine structure and on resultant composite bond strengths
Authors: LEE S.‐Y. , LIN C.‐T.
Published: August 2010

summary
This Study evaluates the effects of a food simulating solution (75 vol% ethanol/water) and an artificial saliva (Moi‐Stir) on dentine structure and chemistry, using scanning electron microscopic examination and Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) microscopic characterization. The effect on the bonding of composites to the conditioned dentine were evaluated by shear bond strength (SBS) tests. Three adhesive/composite systems were examined: Tenure/Marathon One®, Scotchbond Multi‐Purpose/ Z100®, and Optibond/Herculite XRV®. Control specimens were stored in either distilled water or tested without storage. Dentine surface exposure to ethanol resulted in partial loss of the smear layer and of plugs, as well as possible perturbation of collagen. Dentine surfaces exposed to artificial saliva or to distilled water had no evidence of any change from normal appearance of the smear layer. The measured FTIR spectra for most specimens conditioned in these two liquids appeared to be similar to those obtained from fresh dentine. SBS data were analysed using anova and the Tukey LSD test. The SBS value for the non‐preconditioned control (23.0 ± 3.7 MPa) or for the dentine pre‐conditioned in distilled water (22.9 ± 4.2 MPa) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that for dentine pre‐conditioned in ethanol (20.0 ± 3.5 MPa). The SBS (13.3 ± 3.4 MPa) of all bonding systems was reduced by 40–50% (P < 0.001) when artificial saliva pre‐conditioned dentine was used. The failure mode at the dentine‐bonding agent interface for the artificial saliva group was adhesive in nature. This is in contrast to the complex cohesive fracture mode found in the control groups and in most ethanol conditioned groups. Dentine structure and chemistry, shear bond strength, and the subsequent debonded mode can be significantly affected by exposure to oral environment prior to conditioning.
Cephalometric evaluation of dento‐skeletal changes during treatment with the Bionator Type 1
Authors: CARELS C. , REYCHLER A. , VAN DER LINDEN F.P.G.M.
Published: August 2010

summary
Treatment effects of the Bionator functional appliance were studied on the pre‐ and post‐treatment cephalograms of 49 Class II, Division 1 cases. After treatment, a significant more ventral localization of the anterior structures of the mandible was recorded in comparison with the pretreatment situation. The proclination of the maxillary incisors was reduced. No absolute inhibitory effect on maxillary growth was observed. In this study no significant differences in the measured treatment effects on cephalometric radiographs could be demonstrated in cases with a tendency to skeletal open bite from those with a tendency to skeletal deep bite according to the criteria used in this study
Dental care for institutionalized geriatric patients in Germany
Authors: KNABE C. , KRAM P.
Published: August 2010

summary
This investigation determined the level of dental care for institutionalized geriatric patients residing in nursing home facilities. A total of 364 patients from nine different geriatric care units within the city of Berlin were involved in this study. On average the patients were 84.9 years old. Women represented 87.3% of the patients. A standardized questionnaire and a clinical examination of the mouth were utilized to assess patient satisfaction with geriatric care, their general medical status and their oral health status. The results demonstrated that patients in geriatric care did not undergo routine dental check‐ups. Oral hygiene was sufficient in only 12.6% of the patients, and prosthesis hygiene in 45% of the cases. Only 37.6 of the dentures exhibited sufficient retention and stability. In 80% of the patients dental treatment was necessary. Recommendations for improvement of dental care delivery to institutionalized geriatric patients are given. It has to be concluded that dental management of institutionalized geriatric patients is an essential yet presently underfulfilled service.
Occlusal plane orientation in Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY males)
Authors: ČELEBIĆ A. , BRKIĆ H. , KAIĆ Z. , VOJVODIĆ D. , POJE Z. , SINGER Z.
Published: August 2010

summary
Occlusal plane position was analysed cephalometrically in 35 Klinefelter adults (47, XXY) and compared with 60 eugnath control males (46, XY).The significantly smaller angles between the occlusal plane and the cranial base (NSL‐OLs) and between the occlusal plane and the Frankfort horizontal plane (Fr‐OLs) were obtained in 47, XXY males (P < 0.0l), while the angles between the maxillary base and the occlusal plane (NL‐OLs) and between the Camper's line and the occlusal plane (Camp.‐OLs) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the control group. Significantly smallelr angles between the occlusal plane and the cranial base (NSL‐OLs) and between the occlusal plane and the Frankfort horizontal plane (Fr‐OLs) in Klinefelter males are attributed to the hereditary influence of an extra X chromosome on the smaller growth of the cranial base and the greater growth of the lower border of the mandible. Although the maxilla was also shifted forward in XXY males in relation to the cranial base it was not enough to compensate for the hereditary influence, due to the greater growth of the lower border of the mandible and the smaller cranial base in 47, XXY males, on the inclination of the occlusal plane to the Frankfort horizontal plane and the cranial base. The forward shift of maxilla was sufficient to compensate for the inclination of the occlusal plane in 47, XXY males to the maxillary base and the Camper's line (P > 0.05).
Fit of direct retainers in removable partial dentures after 8 years of use
Authors: KELTJENS H. M. A. M. , MULDER J. , KÄYSER A. F. , CREUGERS N. H. J.
Published: August 2010

summary
In a cross‐sectional study the fit of direct retainers was assessed after 8 years of use. A total of 101 metal frame removable partial dentures (RPD) were investigated, including 54 extension base prostheses without any tooth supported replacement and 47 tooth supported prostheses that replaced only premolars and molars. Of the frameworks studied, about 60% of the clasps showed a space between retainers and abutments. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the age of the RPD and the type of opposing dentition significantly influenced the fit of the clasps. The relative risks and a backward regression analysis revealed that the variable non‐rigid extention base RPD had the greatest influence on clasp fit. It was concluded that in extension base RPDs a rigid design should be preferred.