bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the influence of product conspicuousness and social compliance on purchasing motives of young Chinese consumers for foreign brands
Authors: Zhou Lianxi , Wong Amy
Published: October 2008

Purchasing motives central to consumption experience are often overlooked in the international brand literature. This paper focuses on three primary purchasing motives – perceived prestige, perceived quality, and perceived value and explores their relative impact on purchase intentions for foreign brands among young Chinese consumers. Drawing on conspicuous consumption and normative influence theories in the consumer behavior, psychology, and sociology literature, several research hypotheses are developed and empirically tested with a number of foreign brands. The results demonstrate substantial variations in the purchasing motives across conspicuous versus inconspicuous products as well as among individuals with different levels of social compliance tendencies. The insights provided in this study can help international brand managers develop benefit‐based market segmentation and positioning strategies targeting young consumers in developing countries.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe heart failure in the setting of relatively mild mitral stenosis: The role of invasive hemodynamic assessment
Authors: Sorajja Paul , Borlaug Barry A.
Published: October 2008

For patients with heart failure and relatively mild mitral stenosis, an exercise hemodynamic study should be considered. However, exercise intolerance is a common symptom in a variety of cardiac and noncardiac diseases, emphasizing the need for a thorough differential diagnosis in the planning and execution of these studies. This manuscript discusses two cases that illustrate the need for this comprehensive approach, the indications for balloon mitral valvuloplasty, and the recognition of diastolic dysfunction in these patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early and late outcomes in patients excluded from same‐day home discharge after transradial stenting and maximal antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Bertrand Olivier F. , Rodés‐Cabau Josep , Larose Éric , Proulx Guy , Gleeton Onil , Nguyen Can Manh , Nault Isabelle , Roy Louis , Poirier Paul , Costerousse Olivier , De Larochellière Robert
Published: October 2008

Background: To develop a safe practice of same‐day discharge after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), it is important to identify early the patients who need to remain hospitalized and potentially require more careful follow‐up. In the EASY trial, a large number of patients with acute coronary syndromes were enrolled prior to PCI to be randomized between same‐day discharge or overnight hospitalization. Based on a few angiographic criteria, suboptimal results, or clinical complications, some patients were excluded from randomization after PCI. Objectives: We report the early and late outcomes of those patients, and evaluate the use of simple criteria precluding same‐day discharge. Results: The rate of major adverse cardiac events including death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization in patients excluded from randomization (n = 343) was significantly higher at 30 days (10.2% vs. 1.6%), 6 months (17.5% vs. 5.6%), and 12 months (24.5% vs. 9%) compared with randomized patients (n = 1,005; P < 0.0001). At 12 months, only transient vessel closure (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.10–2.65, P = 0.023) and a residual dissection ≥ grade B post‐PCI (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.11–2.05, P = 0.011) were independent predictive factors of adverse outcomes. Conclusion: Criteria associated with angiographic suboptimal results or clinical complications are useful to identify patients ineligible for same‐day discharge after PCI, regardless of the clinical presentation. Patients excluded from same‐day discharge after PCI for safety concerns have worse early and late outcomes. Transient vessel closure and persisting moderate dissection after PCI remain independent predictors of late adverse outcomes after PCI with maximal antiplatelet therapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of two transcatheter device strategies for occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Gudausky Todd M. , Hirsch Russel , Khoury Philip R. , Beekman Robert H.
Published: October 2008

Objectives: The present study evaluates two transcatheter closure strategies utilized at a single center and makes recommendations for device selection when occluding the patent ductus arteriosus. Background: A variety of devices are available for transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but no guidelines exist to guide operator device choice. Methods: A total of 132 patients underwent attempted transcatheter PDA closure utilizing one of two consecutive closure strategies between January 2000 and June 2005. Strategy A (n = 64; January 2000–May 2003) utilized Gianturco coils only. Strategy B (n = 68; June 2003–June 2005) utilized a single Gianturco coil for the PDA with a minimal diameter ≤1 mm (n = 28) or an Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO) if the PDA diameter exceeded 1 mm (n = 40). Success was defined as complete occlusion on a follow up echocardiogram. Results: 58 of 64 (90.6%) patients treated utilizing strategy A had successful coil implantation. 68 of 68 (100%) patients treated utilizing strategy B had successful coil/device implantation. At follow up echocardiography, 32 of 44 (72.7%) strategy A patients had complete ductal closure, as compared with 57 of 58 (98.3%) strategy B patients (P < 0.0001). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified closure strategy as the most powerful predictor of procedural success (OR = 85.9; CI 5.6–9.99). Conclusions: A transcatheter PDA closure strategy consisting of a single Gianturco coil for PDA ≤ 1 mm or an ADO for larger sized PDA (strategy B) achieves superior outcomes compared to the use of coils alone. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atrial septal interventions in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Holzer Ralf J. , Wood Amy , Chisolm Joanne L. , Hill Sharon L. , Phillips Alistair , Galantowicz Mark , Cheatham John P.
Published: October 2008

Objectives: To report an institutional experience performing percutaneous atrial septal interventions in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Background: The success of the Hybrid approach in palliating patients with HLHS is crucially dependant on relieving any significant interatrial restriction. Data on transcatheter interventions to relieve atrial septal restrictions in patients with HLHS are limited. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 67 transcatheter atrial septal interventions that were performed between July 2002 and September 2007 in 56 patients with HLHS. The median weight was 3.35 kg. About 10.7% of patients had an intact atrial septum. Balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) was used in 77.6% of procedures, additional techniques in 35.8% of procedures. Patients were divided into those with standard atrial septal anatomy (group A, n = 33) and those with complex atrial septal anatomy (group B, n = 23). Results: The mean trans‐septal gradient was reduced significantly from 7 mm Hg to 1 mm Hg with the median time to discharge being 3.5 days. Major adverse events were seen in 8.9% of procedures, whereas minor adverse events occurred in 26.8% of procedures. Adverse events were significantly less common in patients with standard atrial septal anatomy, compared to those with complex atrial septal anatomy (25.6% versus 50.0%). About 19.6% patients required repeated atrial septal interventions. Survival up to and including Comprehensive stage II palliation was 73% group A, and 57% in group B. Conclusions: With utilization of appropriate techniques and equipment, atrial septal interventions in HLHS can be performed successfully in virtually all patients. Complex atrial septal anatomy is technically challenging and has a higher incidence of procedural adverse events. In the majority of patients, standard BAS can be performed safely, and is usually the only intervention required to achieve adequate relief of atrial septal restriction until Comprehensive stage II palliation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A randomized comparison of sirolimus‐eluting versus bare metal stents in the treatment of diabetic patients with native coronary artery lesions: The DECODE study
Authors: Chan Charles , Zambahari Robaayah , Kaul Upendra , Lau CP , Whitworth Hall , Cohen Sidney , Buchbinder Maurice
Published: October 2008

Objective: To compare the effects of sirolimus‐eluting (SES) versus bare metal stents (BMS) on 6‐month in‐stent late luminal loss (LLL) and 1‐year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in diabetics undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Background: In studies of unselected patients, coronary restenosis rates have been lower with SES than with BMS. Comparisons of SES versus BMS in diabetics with more than one stenosis or more than one vessel disease are few. Methods: This open‐label trial randomly assigned 200 diabetics with de novo coronary artery stenoses to receive up to three SES versus BMS in a 2:1 ratio. The patients underwent repeat coronary angiography at 6 months after the index procedure and were followed‐up for 1 year. The primary study endpoint was in‐stent LLL at 6 months. Results: Between August 2002 and May 2004, 83 patients (mean age = 60 years) with 128 lesions (mean = 1.5 per patient) were enrolled at four U.S. and seven Asian medical centers. Enrollment was terminated early by the Safety Monitoring Board because of a statistically significant difference in rates of clinical endpoints. The mean in‐stent LLL at 6 months was 0.23 mm in SES versus 1.10 mm in BMS recipients (P < 0.001). At 12 months, 8 patients (15%) assigned to SES had experienced MACE versus 12 patients (41%) assigned to BMS (P = 0.006). Conclusions: In diabetics, the mean 6‐month in‐stent LLL was significantly smaller, and 12‐month MACE rate significantly lower, after myocardial revascularization with SES than with BMS. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous treatment of a popliteal bifurcation—The value of coronary devices and strategies
Authors: Colantonio Riccardo , Latib Azeem , Sangiorgi Giuseppe M.
Published: October 2008

In this case report, we describe the use of coronary techniques and devices in the treatment of a complex popliteal artery bifurcation. In particular, we demonstrate that the Venture™ wire control catheter is a useful tool not only in coronary lesions but also in wiring angulated peripheral lesions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopamine‐induced changes in renal blood flow in normals and in patients with renal dysfunction
Authors: Drieghe Benny , Manoharan Ganesh , Heyndrickx Guy R. , Madaric Juraj , Bartunek Jozef , Sarno Giovanna , Vanderheyden Marc , De Bruyne Bernard
Published: October 2008

Background: Despite their controversial effect, “renal” doses of dopamine (3–5 μg · kg−1 · min−1) are often used in intensive care units to preserve renal function and to improve final outcome. Aim: To assess the effects of different doses of dopamine on renal blood flow in patients with normal renal function and in patients with renal dysfunction. Methods and Results: In 17 patients with normal renal function and in 12 patients with moderate renal dysfunction, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and average peak renal flow velocities (FlowWire APV) were continuously recorded at baseline and during IV administration of increasing dopamine doses (3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 μg · kg−1 · min−1). MAP and HR did not change during infusion of 3–5 μg · kg−1 · min−1 but increased to the same extent in both groups during infusion of >10 μg · kg−1 · min−1. Baseline APV was similar in both groups. Infusion of 3–5 μg · kg−1 · min−1 induced a significant change in APV only in patients with normal renal function. In patients with renal dysfunction, APV increased only during infusion of >10 μg · kg−1 · min−1 in parallel with MAP and HR. Conclusion: “Renal” doses of dopamine increase renal blood flow in normals but not in patients with moderate renal dysfunction. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Regulation between NaH(ZnPO4)2 and α‐Hopeite via a Solid State Reaction at Low‐heating Temperatures
Authors: LIAO Sen , TIAN Xiao‐Zhen , WU Wen‐Wei , CHEN Xia , WANG Tian‐Shun , LI Jiang‐Tao
Published: October 2008

A simple and novel route for the synthesis of layered sodium hydrogen zinc phosphate, NaH(ZnPO4)2, was studied, and the target product was obtained with Na2HPO4·12H2O and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O as raw materials and polyethylene glycol‐400 as a surfactant via a one step solid state reaction at 60 °C. The product was characterized with XRD, TG/DTG and FTIR. The experimental results showed that the NaH(ZnPO4)2 had only one major step of weight loss for dehydration of HPO42− into P2O74− ions at around 500 °C, so it had enough thermal stability to use as heterogeneous catalyzer for organic reactions. The comparison experimental results suggested that aging temperature control the products of the synthesis, that is, the NaH(ZnPO4)2 was formed when the reaction mixture was aged at 60 °C, and the α‐Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O was obtained when the reaction mixture was aged at room temperature.
Characteristics of the binary faceted eutectic: benzoic acid – salicylic acid system
Authors: Sharma B. L. , Tandon S. , Gupta S.
Published: October 2008

The consistent symmetry relations computed from the heterogeneous nucleation data of the non‐ideal benzoic acid – salicylic acid eutectic system verifies the validity of nucleation theory. The kinetics of crystal growth from the molten state of the system follows the dislocation mechanism. Anomalous behaviour of both viscosity and activation energy for the eutectic melt confirms the essence of specific interactions animating molecular clusters rich in predominating eutectic phase. Micromorphology of the system obeys the Hunt‐Jackson model. The plot between a mechanical property and variable anisotropic growth velocity for the eutectic composite evidentially complies with the Weibull probability distribution curve. The curve is perused with two cut‐off points corresponding to a lower strength limit in the slow and fast growth regions and an upper strength limit in the moderate growth region. The latter aspect reveals the theoretical strength of the eutectic crystallites. The strength‐growth relationship explicated thereby is linear, optimum and linear respectively in the slow, moderate and fast growth regions of solidification. The moderate anisotropic growth (∼2.96 X 10‐7m3s‐1) is of greater interest by virtue of its attribute to unifying and organizing the crystallites parallel to each other in the growth direction. The eutectic composite material obtained by this process attains remarkable superiority in the mechanical properties over its isotropic growth in an ice bath (∼273 K), and its constituent phases. The co‐relation between excess thermodynamic functions indeed predicting the liquidus character and the microstructural parameters inevitably structuring the morphology is presented. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman scattering study on Ga1–xMnxAs prepared by Mn ions implantation, deposition and post‐annealing
Authors: Islam M. R. , Chen N. F. , Yamada M.
Published: October 2008

Raman scattering measurements have been performed in Ga1–xMnxAs crystals prepared by Mn ions implantation, deposition, and post‐annealing. The Raman spectrum measured from the implanted surface of the sample shows some weak phonon modes in addition to GaAs‐like phonon modes, where the GaAs‐like LO and TO phonons are found to be shifted by approximately 4 and 2 cm‐1, respectively, in the lower frequency direction compared to those observed from the unimplanted surface of the sample. The weak vibrational modes observed are assigned to hausmannite Mn3O4like. The coupled LO‐phonon plasmon mode (CLOPM), and defects and As related vibrational modes caused by Mn ions implantation, deposition, and post‐annealing are also observed. The compositional dependence of GaAs‐like LO phonon frequency is developed for strained and unstrained conditions and then using the observed LOGaAspeak, the Mn composition is evaluated to be 0.034. Furthermore, by analyzing the intensity of CLOPM and unscreened LOGaAsphonon mode, the hole density is evaluated to be 1.84×1018cm‐3. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of pure and Hg2+ doped thiosemicarbazide cadmium chloride crystals
Authors: Linet J. Mary , Dinakaran S. , Priya S. Mary Navis , Das S. Jerome
Published: October 2008

Semiorganic single crystals of thiosemicarbazide cadmium chloride (TSCCC) and mercury ions doped thiosemicarbazide cadmium chloride were synthesized by slow solvent evaporation technique. The grown crystals were subjected to powder X‐ray analysis and both the crystals were found to crystallize in the monoclinic system. EDAX analysis was carried out for chemical analysis of the grown crystals. The UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrum shows that both the materials have wide transparency window in the visible and near IR region. The dielectric studies were carried out to estimate the dielectric constant and dielectric loss with respect to frequency for both the crystals. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The structural response of BCC Fe lattice loaded in [110] direction
Authors: Wang Jing‐Zhou , Zhang Jian‐Min , Xu Ke‐Wei
Published: October 2008

The structural response of BCC Fe lattice loaded in [110] direction has been investigated with MAEAM. The results show that, even if an orthorhombic path (b2≠b3) is applied, the deformation is spontaneous along the tetragonal path (b2≡b3) while b1 is less than 0.3449nm in compressive region. In addition to the initial BCC phase, a BCT phase and the other BCC phase appear also at stress‐free states. The BCT phase with the local maximum internal energy of ‐4.227eV is unstable and would slip spontaneously into the appeared BCC phase with the same minimum internal energy of ‐4.280eV as the initial BCC phase. The stable region ranges from ‐43.87eV/nm3 to 44.06eV/nm3 in the theoretical strength or from ‐7.34% to 6.49% in the strain correspondingly. Furthermore, the relations B11=B22, B13=B23 and B44=B55 occur at the initial state. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Complex zigzag flexoelectric walls in the Schlieren textures of MBBA: possibility for determination of two basic Schlieren textures with singular or non‐singular surface points
Authors: Hinov H. P.
Published: October 2008

The flexo‐dielectric behaviour of a homeotropic MBBA nematic layer has been experimentally studied. Asymmetric strong‐weak anchoring of the homeotropic nematic layer was achieved by treating the glass plates – one of them with lecithin ensuring the strong anchoring and the other with usual soap ensuring the weak anchoring. The application of a dc voltage with a sufficient amplitude led to the appearance of a complex texture consisting of gradient flexo‐dielectric deformations including Schlieren texture with many singular points and zigzag flexoelectric walls. The application of additional orienting a.c. voltage brought clarification of the Schlieren texture resembling that of the smectic‐C liquid crystal. Inversely, the application of an ac voltage across the homeotropic nematic layer led to formation of a nice Schlieren texture. The additional application of a d.c. voltage created complex zigzag gradient flexoelectric walls which connected the singular points in the Schlieren texture. In this way, one can determine for the first time how many points in the initial Schlieren texture are singular and how many points are non‐singular. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of dislocation structures in copper single crystals using electron channelling contrast technique in SEM
Authors: Li Xiao‐Wu , Zhou Yang , Guo Wei‐Wei , Zhang Guang‐Ping
Published: October 2008

The dislocation structures induced by low‐plastic‐strain‐amplitude cyclic deformation of [111] multiple‐slip‐oriented Cu single crystals were investigated using electron channelling contrast (ECC) technique in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At a low plastic strain amplitude γpl of 8.8 × 10–5, the saturated dislocation structure is mainly composed of labyrinth‐like vein structure (or irregular labyrinths), and the cyclic hardening behavior at such a low γpl is interpreted as being the result of dislocation multiplication by a Frank‐Read mechanism. As γpl increases to 4.0 × 10–4, the unsaturated dislocation structure exhibits two kinds of distinctive configurations, i.e., dislocation walls and misoriented cells. Interestingly, these misoriented dislocation cells are strictly aligned along the primary slip plane (111), constituting a unique persistent slip band (PSB) structure. Here, these cells are thus called PSB cells. In addition, there is a locally distinctive region comprising some cells having a recrystallization‐like feature in the whole structure of PSB cells. The formation of the structure of PSB cells is discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of Pb‐ion irradiation on melt‐textured YBa2Cu3Ox crystals
Authors: Obaidat I. M. , Albiss B. A. , Claus H. , Gharaibeh M. , Hasan M. K.
Published: October 2008

Melt‐textured YBa2Cu3Ox crystals have been irradiated along the c‐axis with 208Pb56+ ions corresponding to dose matching fields, BΦ = 0.5 T and BΦ = 2.0 T. Magnetization measurements were conducted along the ab plane of the samples. The strength of pinning sites was investigated by measuring magnetization hysterisis and the saturation remanent magnetization MR at several temperatures. We have found that the pinning strength was considerably enhanced after irradiation at both doses. Interestingly, the pinning strength at a Pb‐ion irradiation which corresponds to the dose matching field BΦ = 0.5 T, was found to be significantly larger than that at the dose matching field BΦ = 2.0 T at all temperatures. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature‐tuned band gap energy and oscillator parameters of Tl2InGaSe4 semiconducting layered single crystals
Authors: Gasanly N. M.
Published: October 2008

The optical properties of Tl2InGaSe4 layered single crystals have been studied through the transmission and reflection measurements in the wavelength range of 500‐1100 nm. The analysis of room temperature absorption data revealed the presence of both optical indirect and direct transitions with band gap energies of 1.86 and 2.05 eV, respectively. Transmission measurements carried out in the temperature range of 10‐300 K revealed that the rate of change of the indirect band gap with temperature is γ = – 4.4 × 10‐4 eV/K. The absolute zero value of the band gap energy was obtained as Egi(0) = 1.95 eV. The dispersion of the refractive index is discussed in terms of the single oscillator model. The refractive index dispersion parameters: oscillator wavelength and strength were found to be 2.53 × 10–7 m and 9.64 × 1013 m–2, respectively. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Refractive index dispersion of relaxor ferroelectric 0.9Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.1PbTiO3 single crystal
Authors: He Chongjun , Xu Feng , Wang Jiming , Liu Youwen
Published: October 2008

The refractive indices of 0.9Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.1PbTiO3 single crystal at different wavelengths have been measured by the minimum deviation method at room temperature, and their dispersion equations are obtained. The parameters connected to the energy band structure are obtained by fitting single‐oscillator dispersion equation. Despersion energies are found to take on covalent crystal values. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Czochralski growth and characterization of Dy: La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14 single crystals
Authors: Yu F. P. , Yuan D. R. , Zhao X. , Duan X. L. , Guo S. Y. , Cheng X. F. , Wang X. Q.
Published: October 2008

Dysprosium (Dy) doped La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14 single crystals were grown by the traditional Czochralski method along z‐axis. The structure of the crystal has been studied by X‐ray powder diffraction method, and the unit‐cell parameters are calculated to be a=8.22070 Å, c=5.12533 Å and V=299.965 Å3. The segregation coefficient of Dy3+ in La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14 crystal was measured by X‐ray fluorescence analysis. For 1 mol% doping level in the melt, the distribution coefficient of Dy3+ was determined to be 0.341 wt%. Specific heat, thermal expansion and transmission spectrum of Dy: La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14 single crystals have been measured. The fluorescence spectra of Dy3+: La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14 crystals were measured at room temperature, and there were four emission transitions occurring at 479, 576, 662 and 754 nm, respectively. The fluorescent lifetimes measurement results show 1.0% Dy: La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14 possesses shorter fluorescence decay time (303.4 μs) than does 1.0%Dy:LGS (436.12 μs). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comments and reconciliation of the Ni–Bi‐system thermodynamic reassessments
Authors: Vassilev G. , Gandova V. , Docheva P.
Published: October 2008

The binary Ni‐Bi alloys as well as multicomponent materials comprising systems like Ni‐Bi‐Sn, Ni‐Bi‐Sb etc. are recently considered as prospective for design of lead‐free solders. For that reason various authors focused their attention to the Ni‐Bi system thermodynamics. The studies identified five phases in the above system. Two of them (i.e., (Ni) and liquid), were treated as disordered substitutional solutions. The phase NiBi3 is stoichiometric and a standard two‐sublattice model was repeatedly applied to describe its Gibbs free energy, while for the nonstoichiometric NiBi phase, a three‐sublattice model was retained. The pure bismuth phase ((Bi)) is stoichiometric as well. The results are discussed and compared to literature thermochemical and topological data. In liquid state, strong repulsions between nickel and bismuth atoms are anticipated in the nickel rich‐side, but no data about a liquid phase miscibility gap is available yet. Therefore, the stability of the liquid phase has to be reassured, in spite of positive deviations from ideal behaviour. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new photoluminescent supramolecular inorganic‐organic hybrid zincophosphate complex pillared by carboxylate ligand through hydrogen bonding interactions
Authors: Li Li , Sun Daofeng , Tian Guangru , Song Xinyu , Sun Sixiu
Published: October 2008

A new inorganic‐organic hybrid zincophosphate, [Zn(H2O)2(H2PO4)2]·2PABA (1) (PABA = p‐aminobenzoic acid), pillared by PABA ligands through hydrogen bonding interactions, has been synthesized and characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P 21/c space group. The geometric feature in 1 is the 3D supramolecular structure constructed from alternately arranged organic and inorganic layers that consist of infinite parallel inorganic chains. These chains are extended to a 2D inorganic layer through intermolecule hydrogen bonding interactions between N atoms (from PABA ligand) and two O atoms (from adjacent inorganic chains). 1 was characterized by IR spectroscopy, XRD, DSC/TGA. The fluorescent property for 1 in solid state was also investigated at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Precipitation kinetics of sodium bicarbonate in an industrial bubble column crystallizer
Authors: Saberi A. , Goharrizi A. Soltani , Ghader S.
Published: October 2008

Sodium bicarbonate is a substance which is produced in the middle stages of the soda ash production process. In this precipitation process, carbon dioxide gas is continuously injected into the bubble column reactor which contains carbonate and bicarbonate solutions. To elucidate the key parameters affecting precipitation kinetics, an experimental study was conducted to understand nucleation and growth in conditions of industrial reactor. The composition of the solution is followed during the crystallization process by titration. Magma density is also monitored and crystal size distribution (CSD) is obtained by sieving. The method of moments was used to determine nucleation and growth rates of crystals. The nucleation and growth rate correlations for sodium bicarbonate precipitation in industrial scale were correlated by empirical power laws as B = 26.685MT0.42Δw1.31 and G = 1.381×10–4Δw1.53. The nucleation and growth rate correlations obtained in this study can be used to simulate the crystallization of sodium bicarbonate plants. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A strategy to communicate corporate social responsibility: cause related marketing and its dark side
Authors: Baghi Ilaria , Rubaltelli Enrico , Tedeschi Marcello
Published: October 2008

Cause related marketing (CRM) is a strategy that aims to communicate a company's striving for corporate social responsibility and to improve brand image. A strategy to increase consumers' emotional involvement toward a product–cause association is to describe the cause in vivid terms. In two experiments we investigated how vivid messages might increase the effectiveness of CRM strategy. We sought to demonstrate that a vivid description of the cause could influence consumers' preferences and trust in the effective use of money collected by selling the product. Experiment 1 results showed that individuals prefer products associated with a vivid message of the social cause rather than products associated with a pallid message. Experiment 2 results suggested that vivid messages induce more positive affective reactions and a higher trust in the effective use of money than pallid ones. In the final section, the implications of CRM for corporate social responsibility are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Corporate environmental disclosures about the effects of climate change
Authors: Stanny Elizabeth , Ely Kirsten
Published: October 2008

We examine factors associated with the US S&P 500 firms' decisions to disclose information about the current and projected effects of climate change to institutional investors. Through the Carbon Disclosure Project, 315 institutional investors representing 41 trillion USD in assets asked the largest public firms to respond to a questionnaire about climate change. We explore whether firms' disclosures directed specifically to institutional investors are related to factors that have been found to explain voluntary disclosures to investors in general. In particular, we consider factors related to the level of scrutiny, since extant literature predicts that the cost of not disclosing increases with level of scrutiny. We find that size, previous disclosures and foreign sales are related to whether firms disclose information about climate change requested by institutional investors through the Carbon Disclosure Project. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Environmental supply chain management, ISO 14001 and RoHS. How are small companies in the electronics sector managing?
Authors: Nawrocka Dagmara
Published: October 2008

This study explores the use of environmental management systems for initiating and controlling environmental improvements in the context of supply chain cooperation. It examines how environmental requirements are reaching smaller companies in the electronics supply chain, especially in the light of recent legal changes such as enforcement of the RoHS Directive. It is based on qualitative interviews with environmental and purchasing managers of 21 small and medium‐sized companies. The results point out a lack of significant drivers for these companies to implement proactive measures when dealing with environmental issues, owing to limited customer pressure. RoHS and legal compliance are the only environmental customer criteria to be met, while ISO 14001 works as an optional supplier selection criterion. In consequence, companies are not focusing on environmental work within their supply chains, and the potential of influencing the environmental profile of suppliers by shaping their ISO 14001 is not used. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Exploring the moderating effect of financial performance on the relationship between corporate environmental responsibility and institutional investors: some Egyptian evidence
Authors: Wahba Hayam
Published: October 2008

Much of the existing literature has argued that those firms that invest in environmental initiatives attract more institutional investors. A noticeable problem with these studies is the assumption that the relationship between institutional investors and corporate environmental responsibility is a monotonic relationship that does not vary with firm financial performance. Initial findings of this study demonstrated that corporate environmental responsibility exerted a positive and significant coefficient on institutional ownership. However, when an interaction term between environmental responsibility and financial performance was included, the results verified that corporate environmental responsibility has a neutral impact on the preferences of institutional investors. Moreover, by classifying firms into two sub‐groups, according to their financial performance, environmental responsibility was found to have a positive and significant impact on institutional ownership only when financial performance is high. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Maintenance treatment for anorexia nervosa: A comparison of cognitive behavior therapy and treatment as usual
Authors: Carter Jacqueline C. , McFarlane Traci L. , Bewell Carmen , Olmsted Marion P. , Woodside D. Blake , Kaplan Allan S. , Crosby Ross D.
Published: October 2008

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare two maintenance treatment conditions for weight‐restored anorexia nervosa (AN): individual cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and maintenance treatment as usual (MTAU).

Method

This study was a nonrandomized clinical trial. The participants were 88 patients with AN who had achieved a minimum body mass index (BMI) of 19.5 and control of binge eating and purging symptoms after completing a specialized hospital‐based program. Forty‐six patients received 1 year of manualized individual CBT and 42 were in an assessment‐only control condition (i.e., MTAU) for 1 year. This condition was intended to mirror follow‐up care as usual. Participants in both the conditions were assessed at 3‐month intervals during the 1‐year study. The main outcome variable was time to relapse.

Results

When relapse was defined as a BMI ≤ 17.5 for 3 months or the resumption of regular binge eating and/or purging behavior for 3 months, time to relapse was significantly longer in the CBT condition when compared with MTAU. At 1 year, 65% of the CBT group and 34% of the MTAU group had not relapsed.

Discussion

The current findings provide preliminary evidence that CBT may be helpful in improving outcome and preventing relapse in weight‐restored AN. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Psychosocial predictors of weight loss and psychological adjustment following bariatric surgery and a weight‐loss program: The mediating role of emotional eating
Authors: Canetti Laura , Berry Elliot M. , Elizur Yoel
Published: October 2008

Objective:

To examine a structural equation model of the effects of personal and interpersonal factors on treatment outcome of bariatric surgery and weight‐loss program.

Method:

Forty‐four participants of the surgery group and 47 participants of the diet group completed questionnaires before treatment and 1 year afterward. Predictor measures are as follows: social support, motivation for control, sense of control, self‐esteem, neuroticism, fear of intimacy, and emotional eating (EE).

Outcome measures:

Weight loss, qual‐ity of life, and mental health.

Results:

Neurotic predisposition (NP), a latent variable indicated by neuroticism, low self‐esteem, and fear of intimacy, had an effect on weight loss that was fully mediated by EE. NP also had an effect on quality of life improvement that was fully mediated by EE and weight loss in both treatment groups.

Discussion:

Both NP and EE predict outcome of obesity treatments, but EE is the more proximal variable that mediates the effect of NP. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Don't get the message: The effect of a warning text before visiting a proanorexia website
Authors: Martijn Carolien , Smeets Elke , Jansen Anita , Hoeymans Nancy , Schoemaker Casper
Published: October 2008

Objective:

This study examined the effect of the placement of a warning text before visiting proanorexia websites on actual access of these websites.

Method:

A separate webpage with a warning text aiming at first‐time visitors was placed before each proanorexia website hosted by a Dutch Internet provider. During the research period of 1 year, the numbers of hits at the warning webpage were registered together with the numbers of hits at the underlying proanorexia website.

Results:

Of the total number of hits registered at the warning webpage, about two‐third of the visitors were registered at the underlying proanorexia website. This indicates that about one‐third of the visitors did not continue their visit to a proanorexia website after being exposed to the warning text.

Discussion:

Placement of a warning text before proanorexia websites appears a promising strategy in holding back potential visitors. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
The rising prevalence of comorbid obesity and eating disorder behaviors from 1995 to 2005
Authors: Darby Anita , Hay Phillipa , Mond Jonathan , Quirk Frances , Buttner Petra , Kennedy Lee
Published: October 2008

Objective:

To measure the cooccurrence of obesity and eating disorder (ED) behaviors in the South Australian population and assess the change in level from 1995 to 2005.

Method:

Two independent cross‐sectional single stage interview based population surveys were conducted a decade apart. Self‐reported height, weight, ED behaviors, and sociodemographics were assessed. Changes between the two time points were analyzed.

Results:

From 1995 to 2005 the population prevalence of comorbid obesity and ED behaviors increased from 1 to 3.5%. Comorbid obesity and ED behaviors increased more (prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 95% CI = [2.8, 7.4]; p < .001) than either obesity (POR = 1.6; 95% CI = [1.3, 2.0]; p < .001) or ED behaviors (POR = 3.1; 95% CI = [2.3, 4.1]; p < .001) alone.

Discussion:

Comorbid obesity and ED behaviors are an increasing problem in our society. Prevention and treatments efforts for obesity and EDs must consider and address this increasing comorbidity. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Health‐related quality of life and eating disorders: A review and update
Authors: Engel Scott G. , Adair Carol E. , Hayas Carlota Las , Abraham Suzanne
Published: October 2008

Objective:

The aim of this article is to provide a narrative review of empirical studies related to health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and eating disorders and to report recent changes in the measurement of HRQOL in eating disorders.

Method:

Twenty‐five articles of central importance to the topic were identified in a systematic search of six databases. All articles were selected based on a consensus relevancy rating process. Key themes were extracted from the articles and validated by all authors.

Results:

We identify six themes in the extant empirical literature.

Discussion:

We discuss these six themes and review them in light of the fact that they are identified in studies using only generic measures of HRQOL. Four recently developed disease‐specific HRQOL measures specific to patients with eating disorder are discussed. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
The Yale–Brown–Cornell eating disorder scale in women with anorexia nervosa: What is it measuring?
Authors: Jordan Jennifer , Joyce Peter R. , Carter Frances A. , McIntosh Virginia V.W. , Luty Suzanne E. , McKenzie Janice M. , Frampton Christopher M.A. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: October 2008

Objective:

The Yale–Brown–Cornell Eating Disorder Scale (YBC‐EDS) assesses eating disorder preoccupations, rituals, and symptom severity. This study examines the YBC‐EDS in relation to eating disorder psychopathology, obsessionality, and impul‐sivityvariables in women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and sensitivity of the YBC‐EDS to change after psychotherapy.

Method:

Participants were 56 women with “spectrum” AN (14.5 < BMI < 19). Variables examined in relation to the YBC‐EDS were as follows: eating pathology, obsessionality (obsessive compulsive disorder and personality diagnoses, perfectionism), and impulsivity (borderline personality, impulsive traits, and behaviors). YBC‐EDS scores were examined pre‐ and post‐treatment.

Results:

Eating Disorder Examination scores most strongly predicted the YBC‐EDS. As expected, perfectionism was significantly associated, but so was impulsivity. YBC‐EDS scores were significantly different in those with good versus poor global outcome after therapy. Unexpectedly, maximum lifetime BMI was correlated with the YBC‐EDS.

Discussion:

The YBC‐EDS most strongly measured eating disorder severity and reflected change after psychotherapy for AN. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Halide Activation by Heme Peroxidases: Theoretical Predictions on Putative Adducts of Halides with Compound I
Authors: Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Radu
Published: October 2008

The first density functional theory (DFT) results on models of the putative FeIII–OX and FeIII–HOX (X = halogen) adducts of chloroperoxidase (CPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are reported, and their stability and electronic structure assessed. The oxygen–halogen bonds are computed to be particularly weak, to the extent where ferric hypohalous acid complexes with intact oxygen–halide bonds should be difficult to observe in heme peroxidases; a ‘caged' adduct, featuring a ferric species in close (but not covalent) contact with the oxidized halide, appears as a likely alternative for an observable intermediate in CPO and MPO. The presence of an axial thiolate (CPO) or imidazole (MPO) ligand in a position trans to the hypohalous moiety is calculated to have a distinct effect on halide activation, with relevance to the TSR (two‐state reactivity) concept.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Heterolignans: Stereoselective Synthesis of an 11‐Amino Analog of Azaelliptitoxin
Authors: Routier Julie , Calancea Mihaela , David Marion , Vallée Yannick , Denis Jean‐Noël
Published: October 2008

The 11‐amino‐azaelliptitoxin analog (11R,11aS,5R)‐15 has been prepared stereoselectively in eight steps and 24 % overall yield from commercially available (S)‐glycidol (7) via the original enantiopure chiral α‐amino aldehyde 9, used as chiral precursor for the creation of the two other stereogenic centers of the target framework. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The Synthesis and Physical Properties of Novel Polyaromatic Profluorescent Isoindoline Nitroxide Probes (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 32/2008)
Authors: Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Bottle Steven E.
Published: October 2008

The cover picture shows the minimal fluorescence emitted from a nitroxide‐quenched diphenylanthracene fluorophore (left‐hand side) and the contrasting strongly fluorescent result after the spin of the nitroxide radical has been removed by reduction or radical trapping (second from left). The same differential can be seen for the acetylene‐extended system. The top right of the picture shows the same four flasks viewed in visible light. Details are discussed in the article by K. E. Fairfull‐Smith and S. E. Bottle on p. 5391 ff. Photo courtesy of Dr. Aaron Micallef, AIBN, University of Queensland, Australia.
An adaptive cut‐cell method for environmental fluid mechanics
Authors: Barad Michael F. , Colella Phillip , Schladow S. Geoffrey
Published: October 2008

In this work we present a numerical method for solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in an environmental fluid mechanics context. The method is designed for the study of environmental flows that are multiscale, incompressible, variable‐density, and within arbitrarily complex and possibly anisotropic domains. The method is new because in this context we couple the embedded‐boundary (or cut‐cell) method for complex geometry with block‐structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) while maintaining conservation and second‐order accuracy. The accurate simulation of variable‐density fluids necessitates special care in formulating projection methods. This variable‐density formulation is well known for incompressible flows in unit‐aspect ratio domains, without AMR, and without complex geometry, but here we carefully present a new method that addresses the intersection of these issues. The methodology is based on a second‐order‐accurate projection method with high‐order‐accurate Godunov finite‐differencing, including slope limiting and a stable differencing of the nonlinear convection terms. The finite‐volume AMR discretizations are based on two‐way flux matching at refinement boundaries to obtain a conservative method that is second‐order accurate in solution error. The control volumes are formed by the intersection of the irregular embedded boundary with Cartesian grid cells. Unlike typical discretization methods, these control volumes naturally fit within parallelizable, disjoint‐block data structures, and permit dynamic AMR coarsening and refinement as the simulation progresses. We present two‐ and three‐dimensional numerical examples to illustrate the accuracy of the method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robustness and accuracy of SPH formulations for viscous flow
Authors: Basa Mihai , Quinlan Nathan J. , Lastiwka Martin
Published: October 2008

Numerous methods are available for the modelling of viscous stress terms in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). In this work, the existing methods are investigated systematically and evaluated for a range of Reynolds numbers using Poiseuille channel and lid‐driven cavity test cases. The best results are obtained using two methods based on combinations of finite difference and SPH approximations, due to Morris et al. and Cleary. Gradients of high‐valued functions are shown to be inaccurately estimated with standard SPH. A method that reduces the value of functions (in particular, pressure) before calculating the gradients reduces this inaccuracy and is shown to improve performance. A mode of instability in Poiseuille channel flows, also reported in other works, is examined and a qualitative explanation is proposed. The choice of boundary implementation is shown to have a significant effect on transient velocity profiles in start‐up of the flow. The use of at least linear extrapolation for in‐wall velocities is shown to be preferable to mirroring of velocities. Consistency corrections to the kernel are also found to result in significant accuracy and stability improvements with most methods, though not in all cases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast method for solving fluid–structure interaction problems numerically
Authors: Murea C. M. , Sy S.
Published: October 2008

The paper presents a semi‐implicit algorithm for solving an unsteady fluid–structure interaction problem. The algorithm for solving numerically the fluid–structure interaction problems was obtained by combining the backward Euler scheme with a semi‐implicit treatment of the convection term for the Navier–Stokes equations and an implicit centered scheme for the structure equations. The structure is governed either by the linear elasticity or by the non‐linear St Venant–Kirchhoff elasticity models. At each time step, the position of the interface is predicted in an explicit way. Then, an optimization problem must be solved, such that the continuity of the velocity as well as the continuity of the stress hold at the interface. During the Broyden, Fletcher, Goldforb, Shano (BFGS) iterations for solving the optimization problem, the fluid mesh does not move, which reduces the computational effort. The term ‘semi‐implicit’ used for the fully algorithm means that the interface position is computed explicitly, while the displacement of the structure, velocity and the pressure of the fluid are computed implicitly. Numerical results are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.