bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A taste of space: Remote animal observations and discrete‐choice models provide new insights into foraging and density dynamics for a large subarctic herbivore
Authors: Ehlers L. , Palm E. , Herriges J. , Bentzen T. , Suitor M. , Joly K. , Millspaugh J. , Donnelly P. , Gross J. , Wells J. , Larue B. , Hebblewhite M.
Published: May 2024

Competition for resources and space can drive forage selection of large herbivores from the bite through the landscape scale. Animal behaviour and foraging patterns are also influenced by abiotic and biotic factors.

Fine‐scale mechanisms of density‐dependent foraging at the bite scale are likely consistent with density‐dependent behavioural patterns observed at broader scales, but few studies have directly tested this assertion.

Here, we tested if space use intensity, a proxy of spatiotemporal density, affects foraging mechanisms at fine spatial scales similarly to density‐dependent effects observed at broader scales in caribou. We specifically assessed how behavioural choices are affected by space use intensity and environmental processes using behavioural state and forage selection data from caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) observed from GPS video‐camera collars using a multivariate discrete‐choice modelling framework.

We found that the probability of eating shrubs increased with increasing caribou space use intensity and cover of Salix spp. shrubs, whereas the probability of eating lichen decreased. Insects also affected fine‐scale foraging behaviour by reducing the overall probability of eating. Strong eastward winds mitigated negative effects of insects and resulted in higher probabilities of eating lichen. At last, caribou exhibited foraging functional responses wherein their probability of selecting each food type increased as the availability (% cover) of that food increased.

Space use intensity signals of fine‐scale foraging were consistent with density‐dependent responses observed at larger scales and with recent evidence suggesting declining reproductive rates in the same caribou population. Our results highlight potential risks of overgrazing on sensitive forage species such as lichen. Remote investigation of the functional responses of foraging behaviours provides exciting future applications where spatial models can identify high‐quality habitats for conservation.
Genome analysis and description of Tunturibacter gen. nov. expands the diversity of Terriglobia in tundra soils
Authors: Messyasz Adriana , Männistö Minna K. , Kerkhof Lee J. , Häggblom Max M.
Published: May 2024

Increased temperatures in Arctic tundra ecosystems are leading to higher microbial respiration rates of soil organic matter, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide and methane. To understand the effects of this microbial activity, it is important to better characterize the diverse microbial communities in Arctic soil. Our goal is to refine our understanding of the phylogenetic diversity of Terriglobia, a common but elusive group within the Acidobacteriota phylum. This will help us link this diversity to variations in carbon and nitrogen usage patterns. We used long‐read Oxford Nanopore MinION sequences in combination with metagenomic short‐read sequences to assemble complete Acidobacteriota genomes. This allowed us to build multi‐locus phylogenies and annotate pangenome markers to distinguish Acidobacteriota strains from several tundra soil isolates. We identified a phylogenetic cluster containing four new species previously associated with Edaphobacter lichenicola. We conclude that this cluster represents a new genus, which we have named Tunturibacter. We describe four new species: Tunturibacter lichenicola comb. nov., Tunturibacter empetritectus sp. nov., Tunturibacter gelidoferens sp. nov., and Tunturibacter psychrotolerans sp. nov. By uncovering new species and strains within the Terriglobia and improving the accuracy of their phylogenetic placements, we hope to enhance our understanding of this complex phylum and shed light on the mechanisms that shape microbial communities in polar soils.
Strategies for sustainable urban development: Assessing the impact of adaptation readiness, nanotechnology, and renewable energy on urban ecosystems
Authors: Li Jiali , Han Weiqun , Mahmood Muhammad Aamir
Published: May 2024

In an era marked by rapid urbanization and increasing environmental concerns, the quest for sustainable development has become paramount. The goal of this study is to support sustainability by critically analysing and reviewing methods for reducing people's ecological footprint in urban areas. We are comparing different ways of reducing the negative effects that people living in cities have on the natural world around them. The decrease in ecological footprint was 0.688% for a 1% increase in the nanotechnological innovations. The decrease in the ecological footprint (improvement in the environment was 0.575 due to 1% increase in renewable energy). The decrease in the ecological footprint was 0.517% due to 1% increase in the adaptation readiness. The increase in the ecological footprint was 0.837% and 0.443% due to 1% increase in the inclusive growth and urbanization. Renewable energy is extremely important for civilization to become carbon neutral. It is suggested to switch from conventional fuel to clean fuel to enhance the use of energy from renewable sources to reduce global warming. It is required to increase adaptation readiness as “preparedness” to effectively use investments for adapting to climate change. Future research endeavors should delve deeper into the enduring repercussions of strategies for reducing the ecological footprint, examining how these strategies evolve over time, and adapt to the ever‐changing urban environments. The outcomes of this study possess substantial implications for policymaking, indicating that policymakers and urban planners should prioritize the adoption of holistic strategies for reducing the ecological footprint to nurture sustainable urban development. It advocates for the infusion of sustainability principles into urban policy frameworks and underscores the significance of ongoing monitoring and assessment to steer effective policy implementation.
A C‐type lectin with dual carbohydrate recognition domains functions in innate immune response in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis
Authors: Li Er‐Tao , Ji Jia‐Yue , Kong Wei‐Jie , Shen Dong‐Xu , Li Cai , An Chun‐Ju
Published: May 2024

C‐type lectins (CTLs) act as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate the innate immune response in insects. A CTL with dual carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) (named immulectin‐4 [IML‐4]) was selected from the Ostrinia furnacalis transcriptome dataset for functional studies. We cloned the full‐length complementary DNA of O. furnacalis IML‐4 (OfIML‐4). It encodes a 328‐residue protein with a Glu‐Pro‐Asn (EPN) and Gln‐Pro‐Asp (QPD) motifs in 2 CRDs, respectively. OfIML‐4 messenger RNA levels increased significantly upon the bacterial and fungal infection. Recombinant OfIML‐4 (rIML‐4) and its individual CRDs (rCRD1 and rCRD2) exhibited the binding ability to various microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pichia pastoris, and Beauveria bassiana, and the cell wall components including lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, peptidoglycan from M. luteus or Bacillus subtilis, and curdlan from Alcaligenes faecalis. The binding further induced the agglutination of E. coli, M. luteus, and B. bassiana in the presence of calcium, the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by the hemocytes, in vitro encapsulation and melanization of nickel‐nitrilotriacetic acid beads, and a significant increase in phenoloxidase activity of plasma. In addition, rIML‐4 significantly enhanced the phagocytosis, nodulation, and resistance of O. furnacalis to B. bassiana. Taken together, our results suggest that OfIML‐4 potentially works as a PRR to recognize the invading microorganisms, and functions in the innate immune response in O. furnacalis.
Mortality rates, cause and risk factors in people with spina bifida, register‐based study over five decades
Authors: Andersson Marie , Hadi Lana , Dellenmark Blom Michaela , Sillen Ulla , Sjöström Sofia , Arnell Magdalena Vu Minh , Abrahamsson Kate
Published: May 2024

Aim

Care for people with spina bifida can be improved. This may be done by evaluating mortality rates and causes of death.

Methods

Between 1973 and 2021, 1735 people with spina bifida appeared in registers of the Swedish population. Survival rates and causes of death were calculated according to age and decade.

Results

Over almost 50 years, the prevalence of spina bifida decreased from 5.2 to 1.2 per 10 000 births. Mortality fell sharply during the first year of life, with survival rising from 75% to 94%. For children aged 2–18 years and adults, mortality rates were low and differences between decades were minimal.

Causes of childhood deaths were congenital abnormalities, hydrocephalus and infections, the latter two also in adults. Adult causes also included self‐inflicted injuries and substance abuse, with suicidal or unclear intent, both more common than in the general population. Bladder malignancies were also more frequent, although after reconstructive bladder surgery, mortality rates were similar.

Conclusion

Survival in the first year of life increased in children with spina bifida, whereas there was no difference in survival rates between adults born between 1973 and 1999. For adults, proactive prevention methods regarding self‐inflicted injury, substance abuse and bladder cancer are warranted.
A novel ryanodine receptor 2 inhibitor, M201‐A, enhances natriuresis, renal function and lusi‐inotropic actions: Preclinical and phase I study
Authors: Kaneko Noboru , Loughrey Christopher M. , Smith Godfrey , Matsuda Ryuko , Hasunuma Tomoko , Mark Patric B. , Toda Masashi , Shinozaki Makoto , Otani Naoyuki , Kayley Scott , Da Silva Costa Ana , Martin Tamara P. , Dobi Sara , Saxena Priyanka , Shimamoto Ken , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Kambayashi Ryuichi , Riddell Alexandra , Elliott Elspeth B. , McCarroll Charlotte S. , Sakai Toshiya , Mitsuhisa Yamano , Hirano Sayuri , Kitai Takeshi , Kusano Kengo , Inoue Yuko , Nakamura Masahiko , Kikuchi Migaku , Toyoda Shigeru , Taguchi Isao , Fujiwara Toshihiko , Sugiyama Atsushi , Kumagai Yuji , Iwata Kunio
Published: May 2024

Background and Purpose

The ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) is present in both the heart and kidneys, and plays a crucial role in maintaining intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in cells in these organs. This study aimed to investigate the impact of M201‐A on RyR2, as well as studying its effects on cardiac and renal functions in preclinical and clinical studies.

Experimental Approach

Following the administration of M201‐A (1,4‐benzothiazepine‐1‐oxide derivative), we monitored diastolic Ca2+ leak via RyR2 and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in isolated rat cardiomyocytes and in cardiac and renal function in animals. In a clinical study, M201‐A was administered intravenously at doses of 0.2 and 0.4 mg·kg−1 once daily for 20 min for four consecutive days in healthy males, with the assessment of haemodynamic responses.

Key Results

In rat heart cells, M201‐A effectively inhibited spontaneous diastolic Ca2+ leakage through RyR2 and exhibited positive lusi‐inotropic effects on the rat heart. Additionally, it enhanced natriuresis and improved renal function in dogs. In human clinical studies, when administered intravenously, M201‐A demonstrated an increase in natriuresis, glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance, while maintaining acceptable levels of drug safety and tolerability.

Conclusions and Implications

The novel drug M201‐A inhibited diastolic Ca2+ leak via RyR2, improved cardiac lusi‐inotropic effects in rats, and enhanced natriuresis and renal function in humans. These findings suggest that this drug may offer a potential new treatment option for chronic kidney disease and heart failure.
Ankle fracture open reduction and internal fixation in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Dhodapkar Meera M. , Yang Ally , Jiang Will , Halperin Scott J. , Frumberg David B. , Grauer Jonathan N.
Published: May 2024

Aim

To examine patients with cerebral palsy (CP) undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for ankle fractures.

Method

This was a retrospective study of adult patients undergoing ankle fracture ORIF for closed, isolated ankle fractures identified in between 2010 and 2021 in the Q1 PearlDiver M151 database. Patients with CP were identified with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐9 and ICD‐10 codes, and were matched to those without 1:10 on age, sex, and Elixhauser comorbidity index (ECI). Ninety‐day adverse events were assessed with multivariable logistic regression.

Results

A total of 148 993 patients with isolated ankle fracture ORIF were identified, of whom 407 (0.27%) had CP. After matching, 3863 without CP were compared to 389 with CP. Patients with CP were at increased odds of: 90‐day urinary tract infection (odds ratios [OR] 6.26), pneumonia (OR 3.50), minor adverse events (OR 3.46), sepsis (OR 3.30), any adverse events (OR 3.04), emergency department visits (OR 2.28), serious adverse events (OR 1.77), and prolonged length of stay more than 4 days (OR 22.44) (p < 0.001 for all).

Interpretation

Patients with CP undergoing ORIF for isolated, closed ankle fractures are at increased odds of several 90‐day adverse events and prolonged length of stay compared to matched patients without CP.

What this paper adds

Patients with cerebral palsy (CP) undergoing ankle fracture open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were at increased odds of 90‐day adverse events.

Many of the 90‐day adverse events related to previously described comorbidities associated with CP.

Patients with CP undergoing ankle fracture ORIF experienced increased rates of prolonged length of stay.
A compact artificial bee colony metaheuristic for global optimization problems
Authors: Mann Palvinder Singh , Panchal Shailesh D. , Singh Satvir , Kaur Simran
Published: May 2024

Computationally efficient and time‐memory saving compact algorithms become a keystone for solving global optimization problems, particularly the real world problems; which involve devices with limited memory or restricted use of battery power. Compact optimization algorithms represent a probabilistic view of the population to simulate the population behaviour as they broadly explores the decision space at the beginning of the optimization process and keep focus on to search the most promising solution, therefore narrows the search space, moreover few number of parameters need be stored in the memory thus require less space and time to compute efficiently. Role of population‐based algorithms remain inevitable as compact algorithms make use of the efficient search ability of these population based algorithms for optimization but only through a probabilistic representation of the population space in order to optimize the real world problems. Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm has shown to be competitive over other population‐based algorithms for solving optimization problems, however its solution search equation contributes to its insufficiency due to poor exploitation phase coupled with low convergence rate. This paper, presents a compact Artificial bee colony (cABC) algorithm with an improved solution search equation, which will be able to search an optimal solution to improve its exploitation capabilities, moreover in order to increase the global convergence of the proposed algorithm, an improved approach for population sampling is introduced through a compact distribution which helps in maintaining a good balance between exploration and exploitation search abilities of the proposed compact algorithm with least memory requirements, thus became suitable for limited hardware access devices. The proposed algorithm is evaluated extensively on a standard set of benchmark functions proposed at IEEE CEC'13 for large‐scale global optimization (LSGO) problems. Numerical results prove that the proposed compact algorithm outperforms other standard optimization algorithms.
Effect of an extraoral scavenging device on eliminating droplets and aerosols generated in ultrasonic supragingival scaling: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Wang Jianmin , Su Jing , Wang Yanfeng , Wang Xiao , Bao Zhenying , Luan Qingxian
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Ultrasonic scaling is extensively applied as part of the initial therapy for periodontal diseases, which has been restricted since the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic due to droplets and aerosols generated by ultrasonic devices. An extraoral scavenging device (EOS) was designed for diminishing droplets and aerosols in dental clinics. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of EOS on eliminating droplets and aerosols during ultrasonic supragingival scaling.

Methods

This single‐blinded, randomised controlled clinical trial enrolled 45 patients with generalised periodontitis (stage I or II, grade A or B) or plaque‐induced gingivitis. The patients were randomly allocated and received ultrasonic supragingival scaling under three different intervention measures: only saliva ejector (SE), SE plus EOS and SE plus high‐volume evacuation (HVE). The natural sedimentation method was applied to sample droplets and aerosols before or during supragingival scaling. After aerobic culturing, colony‐forming units (CFUs) were counted and analysed.

Results

Compared with the level before treatment, more CFUs of samples throughout treatment could be obtained at the operator's chest and the patient's chest and the table surface when using SE alone (p < 0.05). Compared with the SE group, the SE + EOS group and the SE + HVE group obtained decreasing CFUs at the operator's chest and the patient's chest (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was determined between these two groups.

Conclusions

The EOS effectively eliminated splatter contamination from ultrasonic supragingival scaling, which was an alternative precaution for nosocomial contamination in dental clinics.
Effect of zirconia as inorganic binder on molds for precision casting
Authors: Choi Hyun‐Hee , Kim Bong‐Gu , Kim Min‐Gyu , Kim Eun‐Hee , Kim Jong Young , Kim Jung Hun , Son Jeong Hun , Yang SeungCheol , Yang Byungil , Byeun Yun‐Ki , Jung Yeon‐Gil
Published: May 2024

Sand‐casting molds suffer from surface defects and low strength. An organic–inorganic binder conversion process, wherein an organic binder is converted to an inorganic binder, has been proposed to increase the application temperature of the sand‐casting mold and simplify the manufacturing process for precision casting. However, the usable temperature of the typical SiO2–Na2O binder system is limited to approximately 1000°C owing to the low liquefaction temperature of the compound. The resulting glass phase (Na2SiO3) exhibits low viscosity, and the casting of large objects results in low strength. Therefore, in this study, we propose a SiO2–Na2O–ZrO2 ternary inorganic binder system; the addition of zirconia (ZrO2) into sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as an inorganic binder was expected to increase the operating temperature of the mold and improve its mechanical properties. The results confirmed that the addition of ZrO2 improved the mechanical properties by preventing the formation of Na2SiO3. In addition, a higher sintering temperature corresponded to smaller and larger amounts of Na2SiO3 and Na2ZrSiO5, respectively, and thus a higher strength. Therefore, we expect our developed ternary inorganic binder system to be highly advantageous for producing molds for high‐temperature and precision casting.
Sintering behaviors and microwave dielectric properties of BaO–MgO–SiO2 ternary ceramics
Authors: Pang Li‐Xia , Fang Zhen , Zhou Di , Wang Wei , Shi Zhong‐Qi , Hussain Fayaz , Darwish Moustafa Adel , Zhou Tao , Sun Shi‐Kuan , Liang Qi‐Xin , Chen Ya‐Wei
Published: May 2024

In the present work, five compositions in the BaO–MgO–SiO2 ternary system were chosen, and ceramics were prepared using the solid‐state reaction method. Single phases were formed easily for the first four compositions, and BaMgSi3O8 ceramics were found to be a mixture of both BaSi2O5 and MgSiO3, according to X‐ray diffraction results. Among all the compositions, Ba2MgSi2O7 ceramic sintered at 1225°C possesses the highest Qf (Q = 1/dielectric loss = 1/tanδ, f = resonant frequency) value ∼55 010 GHz along with relative permittivity ∼8.0 and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) ∼−57.5 ppm/°C. With 3 wt.% BCB (BaO–B2O3–CuO) additions, Ba2MgSi2O7 ceramic was well densified at 950°C with a relative permittivity ∼8.1, Qf value ∼28 920 GHz (at 12.37 GHz) and TCF value ∼‒56.6 ppm/°C. These series ceramics with low relative permittivity values might be good candidates for low‐temperature co‐fire ceramic technology substrate applications.
Curcumin is effective in managing oral inflammation: An in vitro study
Authors: Idrees Majdy , Kujan Omar
Published: May 2024

Background

Oral inflammation is among the most prevalent oral pathologies with systemic health implications, necessitating safe and effective treatments. Given curcumin's documented anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, this study focuses on the potential of a curcumin‐based oral gel in safely managing oral inflammatory conditions.

Methods

This in vitro study utilized four human cell lines: oral keratinocytes (HOKs), immortalized oral keratinocytes (OKF6), periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF), and dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs). The cells were treated with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and curcumin‐based oral gel to simulate inflammatory conditions. A panel of cellular assays were performed along with antimicrobial efficacy tests targeting Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Results

LPS significantly reduced proliferation and wound healing capacities of HOKs, OKF6, and HPdLF, but not DOKs. Treatment with curcumin‐based oral gel mitigated inflammatory responses in HOKs and HPdLF by enhancing proliferation, colony formation, and wound healing, along with reducing apoptosis. However, its impact on OKF6 and DOKs was limited in some assays. Curcumin treatment did not affect the invasive capabilities of any cell line but did modulate cell adhesion in a cell line‐specific manner. The curcumin‐based oral gel showed significant antimicrobial efficacy against C. albicans and S. mutans, but was ineffective against P. gingivalis.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the potential of the curcumin‐based oral gel as a safe and effective alternative to conventional antimicrobial treatments for managing cases of oral inflammation. This was achieved by modulating cellular responses under simulated inflammatory conditions. Future clinical‐based studies are recommended to exploit curcumin's therapeutic benefits in oral healthcare.
Melatonin reduces brain injury following inflammation‐amplified hypoxia–ischemia in a translational newborn piglet study of neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Pang Raymand , Meehan Christopher , Maple George , Norris Georgina , Campbell Ellie , Tucker Katie , Mintoft Alison , Torrealdea Francisco , Bainbridge Alan , Hristova Mariya , Barks John , Golay Xavier , Standing Joseph , Robertson Nicola J.
Published: May 2024

There is a need to develop therapies for neonatal encephalopathy (NE) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) where the burden of disease is greatest and therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is not effective. We aimed to assess the efficacy of melatonin following inflammation‐amplified hypoxia–ischaemia (IA‐HI) in the newborn piglet. The IA‐HI model accounts for the contribution of infection/inflammation in this setting and HT is not cytoprotective. We hypothesised that intravenous melatonin (5% ethanol, at 20 mg/kg over 2 h at 1 h after HI + 10 mg/kg/12 h between 24 and 60 h) is safe and associated with: (i) reduction in magnetic resonance spectroscopy lactate/N‐acetylaspartate (MRS Lac/sNAA); (ii) preservation of phosphorus MRS phosphocreatine/phosphate exchange pool (PCr/Epp); (iii) improved aEEG/EEG recovery and (iv) cytoprotection on immunohistochemistry. Male and female piglets underwent IA‐HI by carotid artery occlusion and reduction in FiO2 to 6% at 4 h into Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide sensitisation (2 μg/kg bolus + 1 μg/kg/h over 12 h). At 1 h after IA‐HI, piglets were randomised to HI‐saline (n = 12) or melatonin (n = 11). There were no differences in insult severity between groups. Target melatonin levels (15–30 mg/L) were achieved within 3 h and blood ethanol levels were <0.25 g/L. At 60 h, compared to HI‐saline, melatonin was associated with a reduction of 0.197 log10 units (95% CrI [−0.366, −0.028], Pr(sup) 98.8%) in basal‐ganglia and thalamic Lac/NAA, and 0.257 (95% CrI [−0.676, 0.164], Pr(sup) 89.3%) in white matter Lac/NAA. PCr/Epp was higher in melatonin versus HI‐saline (Pr(sup) 97.6%). Melatonin was associated with earlier aEEG/EEG recovery from 19 to 24 h (Pr(sup) 95.4%). Compared to HI‐saline, melatonin was associated with increased NeuN+ cell density (Pr(sup) 99.3%) across five of eight regions and reduction in TUNEL‐positive cell death (Pr(sup) 89.7%). This study supports the translation of melatonin to early‐phase clinical trials. Melatonin is protective following IA‐HI where HT is not effective. These data guide the design of future dose‐escalation studies in the next phase of the translational pipeline.
IAIH‐PG consensus for histological criteria of AIH: Multicentre validation with focus on chronic liver diseases in China
Authors: Wang Li , Du Zhi‐Xiang , Liu Hong‐Li , Zhang Yu , Wang Shuang‐Shuang , Hu Yi‐Fan , Li Li‐Qiu , Zhu Ping , Zhong Yan‐Dan , Xiong Qing‐Fang , Yang Yong‐Feng
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

The International AIH Pathology Group (IAIH‐PG) put forward the new histological criteria of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in 2022, which have not undergone adequate verification. In this study, we verified the applicability of the new histological criteria in the population of Chinese patients with chronic liver disease, comparing it with the simplified criteria.

Methods

The gold standard for diagnosis in all patients was based on histological findings, combined with clinical manifestations and laboratory tests and determined after a follow‐up period of at least 3 years. A total of 640 patients with various chronic liver diseases from multiple centres underwent scoring using the new histological criteria and the simplified criteria, comparing their diagnostic performance.

Results

In this study, the new histological criteria showed a sensitivity of 73.6% and 100% for likely and possible AIH, with specificities of 100% and 69.0% respectively. The coincidence rates of possible AIH for the new histological criteria, simplified histological criteria and simplified score were 81.7%, 72.8% and 69.7% respectively. For likely AIH, the rates were 89.2%, 75.9% and 65.6% respectively. Based on the new histological criteria, all patients with AIH were correctly diagnosed. Specifically, 73.6% were diagnosed with likely AIH and 26.4% were possible AIH. Additionally, the simplified histological criteria achieved a diagnosis rate of 98.6% for AIH, while the simplified score could only diagnose 53.8% of AIH.

Conclusions

Compared with the simplified score and simplified histological criteria, the sensitivity and specificity of the new histological criteria for AIH were significantly improved. The results indicate that the new histological criteria exhibit high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing AIH in China.
Nasopharyngeal airway assistance improves esophageal intubation rates of high‐resolution esophageal manometry catheters
Authors: Leopold Andrew , Wu Angela , Xie Guofeng
Published: May 2024

Background

High‐resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) is the gold standard test for esophageal motility disorders. Nasopharyngeal airway‐assisted insertion of the HREM catheter is a suggested salvage technique for failure from the inability to pass the catheter through the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). It has not been demonstrated that the nasopharyngeal airway improves procedural success rate.

Methods

Patients undergoing HREM between March 2019 and March 2023 were evaluated. Chart review was conducted for patient factors and procedural success rates before and after use of nasopharyngeal airway. Patients from March 2019 to May 2021 did not have nasopharyngeal airway available and were compared to patients from May 2021 to March 2023 who had the nasopharyngeal airway available.

Key Results

In total, 523 HREM studies were conducted; 234 occurred prior to nasopharyngeal airway availability, and 289 occurred with nasopharyngeal airway availability. There was no difference in HREM catheter UES intubation rates between periods when a nasopharyngeal airway attempt was considered procedural failure (85% vs. 85%, p = 0.9). Nasopharyngeal airway use after UES intubation failure lead to improved UES intubation rates (94% vs. 85%, p < 0.01). Thirty‐six patients that failed HREM catheter UES intubation had the procedure reattempted with a nasopharyngeal airway, 30 (83%) of which were successful. The nasopharyngeal airway assisted catheter UES intubation for failures attributed to nasal pain and hypersensitivity, gagging, coughing, and pharyngeal coiling.

Conclusions & Inferences

Utilization of the nasopharyngeal airway increased rates of UES intubation. When HREM catheter placement through the UES fails, placement of a nasopharyngeal airway can be trialed to overcome patient procedural intolerance.
Reducing postoperative hypothermia in infants: Quality improvement in China
Authors: Qiu Qianqi , Yang Zixin , Zhang Yong , Zeng Wen , Yang Kuiyan , Liang Cuiping , Alifu Ailixiati , Huang Haibo , Chen Jun , Zhang Meixue , Wu Dongmei , Guo Xiaoping , Jin Saifen , Lin Yuzhen , Chuo John , Zhang Huayan , Song Xingrong , Iyer Rajeev S.
Published: May 2024

Background

Unintended postoperative hypothermia in infants is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. We noted consistent hypothermia postoperatively in more than 60% of our neonatal intensive care (NICU) babies. Therefore, we set out to determine whether a targeted quality improvement (QI) project could decrease postoperative hypothermia rates in infants.

Objectives

Our SMART aim was to reduce postoperative hypothermia (<36.5°C) in infants from 60% to 40% within 6 months.

Methods

This project was approved by IRB at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China. The QI team included multidisciplinary healthcare providers in China and QI experts from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA. The plan‐do‐study‐act (PDSA) cycles included establishing a perioperative‐thermoregulation protocol, optimizing the transfer process, and staff education. The primary outcome and balancing measures were, respectively, postoperative hypothermia and hyperthermia (axillary temperature < 36.5°C, >37.5°C). Data collected was analyzed using control charts. The factors associated with a reduction in hypothermia were explored using regression analysis.

Results

There were 295 infants in the project. The percentage of postoperative hypothermia decreased from 60% to 37% over 26 weeks, a special cause variation below the mean on the statistical process control chart. Reduction in hypothermia was associated with an odds of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.06–0.46; p <.001) for compliance with the transport incubator and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.1–0.58; p =.002) for prewarming the OR ambient temperature to 26°C. Two infants had hyperthermia.

Conclusions

Our QI project reduced postoperative hypothermia without incurring hyperthermia through multidisciplinary team collaboration with the guidance of QI experts from the USA.
Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome to Hemodialysis Polysulfone Membrane
Authors: Inoue Masatoshi , Sasamoto Momoko , Ichihara Ryosuke
Published: May 2024

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe and potentially life‐threatening hypersensitivity reaction. Although commonly associated with specific drugs, there have been no reports of DRESS syndrome caused by medical devices. We report a unique case of DRESS syndrome linked to a particular hemodialysis membrane during treatment. An 83‐year‐old man on hemodialysis exhibited fever, rash, and elevated eosinophils. Despite medication changes and consultations with specialists, his condition persisted. A drug‐induced lymphocyte stimulation test revealed a positive response to the dialysis membrane. His symptoms and lab results met DRESS syndrome diagnostic criteria. After substituting the membrane and administering glucocorticoids, the patient displayed early improvement. Diagnosing DRESS syndrome is complex due to its varied presentation and lack of specific benchmarks. This instance underscores the need to consider medical devices as potential DRESS syndrome triggers. Enhanced physician awareness can facilitate prompt detection and proper management, ultimately refining patient outcomes.
Proximalization of Arterial Inflow for the Treatment of Limb Ischemia in a Transposed Femoral Arteriovenous Fistula—A Case Report
Authors: Veterano Carlos Filipe Pinho , de Almeida Paulo Jorge Carvalho , Rego Duarte Nuno Cunha , Loureiro Luís Pedro Martins Macedo Alvarenga , Pinto Pedro Jorge Sá , Machado Rui Manuel Vieira Mota
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Femoral vein transposition is one of the final resorts for vascular access in patients with exhaustion of upper limb venous patrimony and central venous occlusive disease. Its major pitfalls include hemodialysis access‐induced distal ischemia and infection. Surgical procedures may be warranted to preserve vascular access if ischemia develops. Several techniques are reported in the literature for femoral vein transposition.

Case Report

We expose an endoscopic femoral vein harvesting as an alternative to the single thigh incision in order to avoid its associated complications. In the setting of ischemia, proximalization of arterial inflow was used to manage femoral vein transposition associated limb ischemia.

Conclusion

This case report aims to expose the aforementioned unreported surgical techniques for lower limb arteriovenous fistula, its advantages, and pitfalls, as well as considerations on its future use.
Comparison of coagulation and fibrinolysis in Irish Wolfhounds and age‐matched control dogs using tissue plasminogen activator‐augmented viscoelastic testing
Authors: Davis Samantha , Fletcher Daniel J. , Newman Ashley , Brooks Marjory B.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To determine if Irish Wolfhounds (IWs), like other sighthounds, are hyperfibrinolytic compared with nonsighthound dogs using 2 native and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)‐enhanced viscoelastic assays, one that is whole blood‐based (viscoelastic coagulation monitor [VCM]) and the other that is plasma‐based thromboelastography (TEG).

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

A convenience sample of 27 IWs recruited from the Irish Wolfhound Association of New England Specialty and the local community, and 27 healthy, age‐matched, large‐breed control dogs.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

Blood samples including CBC, biochemistry, traditional coagulation, and viscoelastic testing were collected from IWs and control dogs. Twelve IWs had viscoelastic testing. IWs had lower fibrinogen concentrations (215.5 ± 57.8 vs 251.4 ± 64.5 mg/dL, P = 0.034) and formed weaker clots on both whole‐blood VCM and plasma TEG assays (maximum clot firmness [VCM‐MCF] = 39.4 [25.1–48.8] vs 48.5 [34.6–57.3], P = 0.0042; maximum amplitude [TEG‐MA] = 22.7 [14.7–33.6] vs 32.2 [26.9–42.0], P < 0.0001). IWs were hyperfibrinolytic compared with control dogs on VCM whole‐blood assays, with 25 U/mL tPA (lysis at 30 min [VCM‐LI30] = 68.1 [0–100] vs\ 99.9 [63.3–100], P = 0.0009; lysis at 45 min [VCM‐LI45] = 31.0 [0–100] vs 98.1 [38.4–100], P = 0.0002) but hypofibrinolytic compared with controls on TEG plasma assays with 50 U/mL tPA (lysis at 30 min [TEG‐LY30] = 45.7 [4.6–94.6] vs 93.7 [12.3–96.5], P = 0.0004; lysis at 60 min [TEG‐LY60] = 68.7 [29.7–96.8] vs 95.7 [34.4–97.6], P = 0.0003). Minimal fibrinolysis was measured on whole‐blood VCM or plasma TEG assays without the addition of tPA, and there were no differences between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

Weaker clots were found in IWs than control dogs. With the addition of tPA, IWs had evidence of hyperfibrinolysis on whole‐blood VCM assays and hypofibrinolysis on plasma TEG assays compared with control dogs. Without the addition of tPA, however, both groups of dogs showed minimal fibrinolysis on viscoelastic testing.
Linguistic and literary creativity in Philippine Englishes
Authors: Martin Isabel Pefianco
Published: May 2024

Creativity in Englishes in the Philippines is evident in both literary and non‐literary works produced in current contexts of multilingualism. The term ‘creativity’ is traditionally associated with language use in literary texts, suggesting that a systematic study of creativity in language use lies only in the esoteric fields of literary studies and creative writing. However, I wish to approach ‘creativity’ in the sense of what Carter describes as ‘not simply a property of exceptional people but an exceptional property of all people’. I approach creativity in Englishes in the Philippines as ‘everyday creativity’, beginning with a discussion of Braj Kachru's concept of ‘bilinguals’ creativity’, introduced in a 1985 groundbreaking work. This Kachruvian concept of creativity is revisited in the light of 21st century sociolinguistic realities. In this revisiting, I extend the concept of bilinguals’ creativity beyond traditional approaches to creativity in English language use.
Examining the Impact of Environmental Pollution and Life Expectancy on Economic Growth in the European Union
Authors: Bilas Vlatka , Franc Sanja
Published: May 2024

Environmental and demographic changes fall into megatrends that shape contemporary economy and society. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of environmental pollution and life expectancy on economic growth in the European Union. The main research hypothesis states that an increase in environmental pollution and life expectancy leads to an increase in real GDP. Various econometric tests were applied to examine this relationship. Firstly, the existence of long-term relationship between the variables was examined with the use of panel cointegration test. Then, cointegration coefficients in both the long-run and the short-run were estimated. Finally, the improved Granger causality test was conducted to check for causal relationship between the variables. The results indicate that environmental pollution and life expectancy series taken together Granger-cause real GDP. However, other tests indicate there is only a weak impact of the two variables on the real GDP in the European Union.
Asset Management Through the Lens of Complex System Governance
Authors: Katina Polinpapilinho F. , Gheorghe Adrian V. , Keating Charles B. , Komljenovic Dragan , Pyne James C.
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the applicability of Complex System Governance to advance Asset Management. Asset management (AM) is increasing in importance as more societal serving systems are becoming dependent on the value of assets and their management. However, AM as a discipline lacks coherent grounding in systems theory --- a means for understanding the structure, behavior, and performance of complex systems. Complex System Governance (CSG) is focused on the design, execution, and evolution of system functions that provide for communications, control, coordination, and integration of complex systems, including assets. CSG focuses on the structure and order of complex systems through a rigorous grounding in systems theory (the axioms and propositions that govern the structure, behavior, and performance of complex systems), management cybernetics (the science of organizational structure), and system governance (focused on the provision of direction, oversight, and accountability). In this paper, the intersection of AM and CSG is explored concerning the value that can accrue to both fields through their intersection and joint development. The opportunities that lie at the intersection of these fields are examined. This paper concludes the exploration with a discussion of the implications for moving forward in bringing the value offered by CSG to the governance of assets.
Teachers’ Beliefs and Dispositions Toward Change in a Social and Emotional Skills Development Program
Authors: Pennington Shannon A. , Graber Kim C. , Gaudreault Karen Lux , Richards Kevin Andrew
Published: May 2024

Noncore subject teachers often experience marginalization due to perceptions that their work is undervalued. Social and emotional skill-focused continuous professional development can help teachers address the stress associated with marginalization. Purpose: Grounded in the integrative model for teacher change, this study examined the ways in which elementary-level noncore subject teachers’ dispositions toward change influenced their experiences with a social and emotional skills development intervention. Method: This study included two iterations of the program with a total of 21 elementary-level noncore subject teachers (e.g., physical education, art, and music) from three districts in the Midwestern United States. Data included a survey, semistructured interviews, document analysis, discussion board posts, observations, and field notes. Collaborative qualitative analysis was used to analyze multiple data sources line by line. Results: Marginalization and low perceived mattering were prevalent among participants. A positive disposition toward change enhanced the influence of the professional learning, and participants found the experience validating. Conclusions: Teachers of marginalized subjects need to feel seen and heard. A positive disposition toward change drew teachers to participate, and the camaraderie formed was a motivator for teachers who felt undervalued.
Physical Educators’ Attitudes Toward Teaching Students With Disabilities After a Paralympic School Day Professional Development Program
Authors: Leake Marie , Block Martin E. , Fines Abby , McKay Cathy
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to examine physical educators’ attitudes toward teaching students with disabilities in general physical education after participating in a Paralympic School Day professional development program. Methods: Elementary through high school physical education teachers participated in a Paralympic School Day professional development program. Data from focus groups and written reflections were analyzed deductively and inductively using a three-step approach. Results: The analysis revealed five interrelated themes: (a) “you’re trying to accommodate everyone, and so it’s hard”; (b) “putting yourself in other people’s shoes”; (c) “I definitely want to use these ideas”; (d) “It made me think about all of my students”; and (e) “not talking is the hurtful action.” Discussion: Following the Paralympic School Day professional development program, physical educators described a shift in attitudes characterized by a desire to implement inclusive teaching practices and an enhanced focus on promoting conversations with individuals with disabilities.
Teaching Physical Education Post-COVID-19: Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment
Authors: Fan Xiaoping , Treadwell Sheri M. , Ha Taemin , Cardina Catherine
Published: May 2024

Purpose: While numerous studies have explored the challenges of teaching physical education during COVID-19, there is a gap in research on physical education post-COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to examine physical education practices post-COVID-19, focusing on the changes in curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Method: A mixed method with a concurrent triangulation design was utilized in this study. The participants included 94 physical education teachers. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data, while open and axial coding techniques were employed for qualitative data analysis. Results: The results underscore the shifts in the emphasis on the three learning domains in curriculum, instruction, and assessment across various time periods, with a focus on the affective learning domain in postpandemic physical education. Discussion/Conclusions: This study provides insights into teaching physical education post-COVID-19, including adaptation to physical education practice, enhancement of student affective learning, continuity in physical activity promotion, and integration of technology.
Wearable robots for the real world need vision
Authors: Gionfrida Letizia , Kim Daekyum , Scaramuzza Davide , Farina Dario , Howe Robert D.
Published: May 2024

To enhance wearable robots, understanding user intent and environmental perception with novel vision approaches is needed.
A guiding light for stimulating paralyzed muscles
Authors: Williams Jordan
Published: May 2024

Improving the performance of closed-loop optogenetic nerve stimulation can reproduce desired muscle activation patterns.
NPP-669, a prodrug of cidofovir, is highly efficacious against human adenovirus infection in the permissive Syrian hamster model
Authors: Tollefson Ann E. , Cline-Smith Anna B. , Spencer Jacqueline F. , Reyna Dawn M. , Lipka Elke , Toth Karoly
Published: May 2024

Human adenoviruses can cause serious, disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. For pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplant patients, the case fatality rate can reach 80%. Still, there is no available antiviral drug that is specifically approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adenovirus infections. To fill this pressing medical need, we have developed NPP-669, a prodrug of cidofovir with broad activity against double-stranded DNA viruses, including adenoviruses. Here, we report on the
in vivo
anti-adenoviral efficacy of NPP-669. Using the immunosuppressed Syrian hamster as the model, we show that NPP-669 is highly efficacious when dosed orally at 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg. In a delayed administration experiment, NPP-669 was more effective than brincidofovir, a similar compound that reached Phase III clinical trials. Furthermore, parenteral administration of NPP-669 increased its efficacy approximately 10-fold compared to oral dosing without apparent toxicity, suggesting that this route may be preferable in a hospital setting. Based on these findings, we believe that NPP-669 is a promising new compound that needs to be further investigated.