bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiscale characterization of the mineral phase at skeletal sites of breast cancer metastasis
Authors: He Frank , Chiou Aaron E. , Loh Hyun Chae , Lynch Maureen , Seo Bo Ri , Song Young Hye , Lee Min Joon , Hoerth Rebecca , Bortel Emely L. , Willie Bettina M. , Duda Georg N. , Estroff Lara A. , Masic Admir , Wagermaier Wolfgang , Fratzl Peter , Fischbach Claudia
Published: September 2017

Significance

Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals are key constituents of the bone extracellular matrix and thus likely to influence the pathogenesis of breast cancer skeletal metastasis. However, there is currently an insufficient understanding of HA nanocrystal properties at sites prone to bone metastasis formation. Here we report a novel application of X-ray scattering and Raman imaging to characterize HA nanostructure in mouse models of breast cancer. Our results suggest that bone regions linked with the initiation of metastasis contain less-mature HA nanocrystals and that mammary tumors enhance HA nanocrystal immaturity in these regions even prior to secondary tumor formation. Insights from this work will significantly advance the development of mineralized culture models to investigate how the bone microenvironment regulates breast cancer metastasis.
Intermittent photocatalytic activity of single CdS nanoparticles
Authors: Fang Yimin , Li Zhimin , Jiang Yingyan , Wang Xian , Chen Hong-Yuan , Tao Nongjian , Wang Wei
Published: September 2017

Significance

Semiconductor photocatalysis holds promising keys to address various energy and environmental challenges. While conventional wisdom suggests a continuous photocatalytic reaction under constant light illumination, in the present article we report the discovery of intermittent photocatalytic activity at single CdS nanoparticle level. The observed intermittent photocatalysis is a photochemical consequence of its intrinsic photoexcitation processes. The latter is also responsible for the well-known fluorescence photoblinking of single-semiconductor quantum dots, a photophysical phenomenon that was discovered in the 1990s. The intermittent photocatalysis (a photochemical process) reported here could be an exciting complement of the beautiful picture of semiconductor photophysics and photochemistry, with significant implications in many application fields from clean energy to pollution treatment.
Endothelial insulin receptors differentially control insulin signaling kinetics in peripheral tissues and brain of mice
Authors: Konishi Masahiro , Sakaguchi Masaji , Lockhart Samuel M. , Cai Weikang , Li Mengyao Ella , Homan Erica P. , Rask-Madsen Christian , Kahn C. Ronald
Published: September 2017

Significance

Circulating hormones must cross the vascular endothelium to elicit their actions in target tissues via either transcytosis or paracellular diffusion. Insulin receptors on endothelial cells are believed to mediate transcytosis of circulating insulin, but how this affects insulin action in vivo is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that knockout of insulin receptors on endothelial cells delays the kinetics of activation of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, fat, and several regions of the brain but not in liver or olfactory bulb. This alters the kinetics of insulin action in vivo and induces tissue-specific insulin resistance leading to dysregulated glucose and body weight homeostasis.
Exceptionally tight membrane-binding may explain the key role of the synaptotagmin-7 C
2
A domain in asynchronous neurotransmitter release
Authors: Voleti Rashmi , Tomchick Diana R. , Südhof Thomas C. , Rizo Josep
Published: September 2017

Significance

Synaptotagmins-1 and -7, act as Ca
2+
sensors for the fast and slow components of neurotransmitter release, respectively, through the two C
2
domains that form their cytoplasmic region. Surprisingly, Ca
2+
-binding to the synaptotagmin-7 C
2
A domain is more critical for slow release than Ca
2+
-binding to the C
2
B domain, whereas the opposite was found for the synaptotagmin-1 C
2
domains and fast release. This paper suggests an explanation for this apparent contradiction, showing that the C
2
A domain dominates binding of synaptotagmin-7 to membranes, whereas such binding is dominated by the C
2
B domain in the case of synaptotagmin-1. Thus, membrane affinity may be a key determinant of the relative functional importance of synaptotagmin C
2
domains.
Flow-induced gelation of microfiber suspensions
Authors: Perazzo Antonio , Nunes Janine K. , Guido Stefano , Stone Howard A.
Published: September 2017

Significance

Suspensions of flexible fibers usually behave as shear thinning fluids; that is, their effective viscosity, or resistance to flow, decreases as they are exposed to higher shear stresses. Here we demonstrate that for suspensions created with very-high-aspect-ratio fibers, which are highly flexible, shear thickening behavior of a fiber suspension is obtained. Such a property can be exploited to produce a biocompatible hydrogel by injecting the suspension from a standard needle and syringe without any chemical reactions (unlike a chemically cross-linked hydrogel) or chemical interactions (unlike a traditional physical hydrogel). Once extruded, the hydrogel is a yield-stress material with potentially useful mechanical properties for bioengineering and biomedical applications.
Repeat E anchors Xist RNA to the inactive X chromosomal compartment through CDKN1A-interacting protein (CIZ1)
Authors: Sunwoo Hongjae , Colognori David , Froberg John E. , Jeon Yesu , Lee Jeannie T.
Published: September 2017

Significance

The long noncoding Xist RNA coats and silences one X chromosome in female cells. How Xist localizes in cis to the inactive X compartment is not clear. Here, we reveal a required interaction between CIZ1 protein and Xist Repeat E motifs. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) shows a tight association of CIZ1 with Xist RNA at the single-molecule level. Deletion of either CIZ1 or Repeat E causes dispersal of Xist RNA throughout the nucleoplasm, as well as loss of the heterochromatin mark H3K27me3 from the inactive X chromosome. We have thus identified a critical factor for stable association of Xist RNA with the inactive X chromosome.
Cytosine deamination and base excision repair cause R-loop–induced CAG repeat fragility and instability in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Su Xiaofeng A. , Freudenreich Catherine H.
Published: September 2017

Significance

R-loops form when transcribed RNA remains bound to its DNA template to form a stable RNA:DNA hybrid. Stable R-loops at a CAG/CTG repeat tract, a sequence that can expand to cause human disease, cause DNA breaks as well as repeat instability. We found that R-loop–induced deamination of cytosines followed by base excision repair is responsible for causing CAG repeat breaks and contractions. Intriguingly, R-loop–dependent double-strand breaks were caused by the MutL gamma endonuclease, which is known to recognize structured DNA and cause nicks, defining a new mechanism for how R-loops can generate DNA breaks. Our results have implications for human repeat expansion diseases and provide a paradigm for how RNA:DNA hybrids can cause genome instability at structure-forming DNA sequences.
Single-molecule visualization of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
leading-strand synthesis reveals dynamic interaction between MTC and the replisome
Authors: Lewis Jacob S. , Spenkelink Lisanne M. , Schauer Grant D. , Hill Flynn R. , Georgescu Roxanna E. , O’Donnell Michael E. , van Oijen Antoine M.
Published: September 2017

Significance

Replication of genomic DNA is essential to all cells. The replisome, the multiprotein machine that performs DNA replication, contains many moving parts, the actions of which are poorly understood. Unraveling the dynamic behavior of these proteins requires novel application of single-molecule imaging techniques to eliminate averaging inherent in ensemble methods and to directly observe short-lived events. Here, we present single-molecule observations of an active
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
replisome using purified proteins. We find that a checkpoint complex (Mrc1–Tof1–Csm3), known to bind and to speed up the replisome, interacts only transiently with the replisome. This work represents a major step toward establishing the tools needed to understand the detailed kinetics of proteins within the complex eukaryotic replisome.
Mistiming of thought and perception predicts delusionality
Authors: Bear Adam , Fortgang Rebecca G. , Bronstein Michael V. , Cannon Tyrone D.
Published: September 2017

Significance

The nature and origin of delusional belief in illnesses like schizophrenia has been an active topic of research for decades. Yet relatively less work has been devoted to relating this high-level phenomenon to lower-level perceptual mechanisms. We consider whether an illusory reversal in the perception of when a prediction and observation occur in time predicts the presence of delusion-like ideation. We find evidence for such a relationship, suggesting that specific perceptual deficits in how people experience the timing of their thoughts might be a contributor to delusionality. Detecting these perceptual abnormalities early on may therefore prove fruitful for understanding, diagnosing, and treating certain forms of mental illness.