bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New taeniogyrinid species of sea cucumber from the Weddell Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Synaptida)
Authors: O’LOUGHLIN P. MARK , MACKENZIE MELANIE , VANDENSPIEGEL DIDIER , GRIFFITHS HUW
Published: August 2015

The case put by Alexei Smirnov in 2012 is accepted and the order name Synaptida Cuénot is adopted in place of Apodida Brandt. Two new Synaptida species are described for the Weddell Sea in Antarctica with single author O’Loughlin: Sigmodota magdarogera sp. nov. and Taeniogyrus bamberi sp. nov.. A specimen of Sigmodota magnibacula (Massin & Hétérier) is described. A key is provided for the genera and species of Taeniogyrinae that occur south of the Antarctic Convergence.
Foreword
Authors: HORTON TAMMY , BŁAŻEWICZ-PASZKOWYCZ MAGDALENA , STAPLES DAVID A. , BIRD GRAHAM J.
Published: August 2015

This special issue honours the life and work of Roger Bamber, who made an outstanding contribution to the field of marine biology and taxonomy.  Roger died in February 2015 at the age of 65, from complications arising from severe motor neuron disease (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This was a tragic loss for his former wife Jane, family and all who knew him.      The editors chose Zootaxa for this special issue since Roger had considerable involvement with the journal over many years as subject editor for the Pycnogonida, Tanaidacea and Cumacea. We are grateful to Zhi-Qiang Zhang, Editor-in-Chief of Zootaxa, for making this possible.
A reassessment of the pycnogonid genus Cheilopallene (Arthropoda, Callipallenidae) with description of a new species from Papua New Guinea
Authors: STAPLES DAVID A.
Published: August 2015

The genus Cheilopallene is reviewed. Three species are assigned to species incertae sedis pending further analysis. Specimens from Lizard Island, Queensland, previously identified as C. nodulosa are reassigned to C. brevichela. Suspected sexual dimorphism represented by the presence of a chelifore scape node in female C. nodulosa is supported by the finding of the same dimorphism in C. brevichela and in a new species from Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea. It is likely that the presence of a chelifore scape node is a diagnostic character of all females in the genus Cheilopallene. An amended diagnosis is provided.
El Niño–Southern Oscillation Sea Level Pressure Anomalies in the Western Pacific: Why Are They There?*
Authors: Ji Xuan , Neelin J. David , Mechoso C. Roberto
Published: August 2015

Although sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies in the western Pacific have long been recognized as an integral part of the classic Southern Oscillation pattern associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), there is an unresolved question regarding the dynamics that maintain these anomalies. Traditional studies of the ENSO response in the tropics assume a single deep baroclinic mode associated with the tropospheric temperature anomalies. However, the SLP anomalies in the western Pacific are spatially separated from the baroclinic signal in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, CMIP5 models, and an intermediate complexity model [a quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model (QTCM)]. Separation of ENSO SLP anomalies in the tropical Pacific into baroclinic and barotropic components indicates that the barotropic component contributes throughout the tropics and constitutes the primary contribution in the western Pacific. To demonstrate the roles of baroclinic and barotropic modes in ENSO teleconnections within the tropics, a series of QTCM experiments is performed, where anomalies in the interactions between baroclinic and barotropic modes are suppressed over increasingly wider latitudinal bands in the tropical Pacific. If this suppression is done in the 15°N–15°S band, the pressure signals in the western Pacific are only partly removed, whereas if it is done in the 30°N–30°S band, the anomalies in the western Pacific are almost entirely removed. This suggests the following pathway: interactions with SST anomalies create the baroclinic response in the central and eastern Pacific, but baroclinic–barotropic interactions, arising substantially in the subtropical Pacific, generate a barotropic response that yields the SLP anomalies in the western Pacific.
Paleoclimate Sampling as a Sensor Placement Problem
Authors: Comboul Maud , Emile-Geay Julien , Hakim Gregory J. , Evans Michael N.
Published: August 2015

This study formulates the design of optimal observing networks for past surface climate conditions as the solution to a data assimilation problem, given a realistic proxy system model (PSM), paleoclimate observational uncertainties, and a network of current and proposed observing sites. The method is illustrated with the design of optimal networks of coral δ18O records, chosen among candidate sites, and used to jointly infer sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) fields from the Community Climate System Model, version 4, last millennium simulation over the 1850–2005 period. It is shown that an existing paleo-observing network accounts for approximately 20% of the SST variance, and that adding 25 to 100 optimal pseudocoral sites would boost this fraction to 35%–52%. Characterizing the SST variance alone, or jointly with the SSS, leads to similar optimal networks, which justifies using coral δ18O records for SST reconstructions. In contrast, the network design for reconstructing SSS alone is fundamentally different, emphasizing the hydroclimatic centers of action of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. In all cases, network design depends strongly on the amplitude of the observational error, so replicates may be more beneficial than the exploration of new sites; these replicates tend to be chosen where proxies are already informative of the large-scale climate field(s). Finally, extensions to other types of paleoclimatic observations are discussed, and a path to operationalization is outlined.
Early markers of language delay in children with and without family risk for dyslexia
Authors: Unhjem Astrid , Eklund Kenneth , Nergård-Nilssen Trude
Published: August 2015

This study examined the extent to which receptive and productive vocabulary between ages 12 and 18 months predicted language skills at age 24 months in children born with family risk for dyslexia (FR) and a control group born without that risk. The aim was to identify possible markers of early language delay. The authors monitored vocabulary growth in 32 FR children and 21 control children longitudinally by using the Norwegian adaption of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories. The results show different patterns in the two groups: the study found a stronger interdependence of early receptive and productive vocabulary and a stronger stability in vocabulary growth in the second year of life in FR children than in controls. The combination of poor receptive vocabulary at 12 months and poor productive vocabulary at 18 months appeared to be important markers of later language delay in the FR group.
Congenital Ichthyosis in 14 Great Dane Puppies With a New Presentation
Authors: Hoffmann A. , Metzger J. , Wöhlke A. , Peters M. , Junginger J. , Mischke R. , Distl O. , Hewicker-Trautwein M.
Published: August 2015

The present study describes a generalized congenital skin condition in 14 Great Dane puppies. Macroscopically, all dogs showed generalized gray to yellow scaling and skin wrinkles on the head and all 4 extremities. Skin sections were histologically examined using hematoxylin and eosin, Heidenhain’s Azan, and Sudan red III staining methods and by conducting the alcian blue/periodic acid Schiff (AB/PAS) reaction technique on sections. Furthermore, incubation with hyaluronidase was performed. Skin samples were ultrastructurally analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. All affected Great Dane puppies had epidermal and follicular orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, enlarged keratohyaline granules, vacuolated keratinocytes, and accumulations of an eosinophilic and alcianophilic, lipid-rich material within dilated hair follicular lumina and the cytoplasm of sebocytes. The macroscopic, histopathologic, and ultrastructural skin changes in all 14 Great Dane puppies indicate a new variant of a primary disorder of cornification with congenital, non-epidermolytic, lamellar ichthyosiform appearance.
The Heart of the Matter? The Callousness of Just War
Authors: O’Driscoll Cian
Published: August 2015

Nigel Biggar’s In Defence of War delivers a stout defence of just war thinking. It refuses to shy away from the tough questions raised by modern warfare. Instead, it submits that thinking clearly about these questions may require just war scholars to demonstrate a toughness to match, by callousing themselves to the human suffering their vocation forces them to confront. This article seeks to tease out Biggar’s understanding of callousness, challenging the reader to consider what is lost and enabled by it. It concludes that Biggar offers a revealing account of callousness in war, but leaves us with many searching questions. Is callousness a vice or virtue, and is it an Achilles heel or a basic prerequisite of just war thinking?
First human case of avian influenza A (H5N6) in Yunnan province, China
Authors: He Jibo , Duan Jing
Published: August 2015

Objective:

To report clinical, virological, and epidemiological features of the first death caused by a H5N6 avian influenza virus in Yunnan Province, China.

Method:

The case was described in clinical expression, chest radiography, blood test and treatment. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect H5N6 virus RNA in clinical and environment samples. Epidemiological investigation was performed including case exposure history determinant, close contacts follow up, and environment sample collection.

Results:

The patient initially developed sore throat and coughs on 27 January 2015. The disease progressed to severe pneumonia, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. And the patient died on 6 February. A highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N6 virus was isolated from the tracheal aspirate specimen of the patient. The viral genome analyses revealed that the H5 hemmagglutinin gene belongs to 2.3.4.4 clade. Epidemiological investigation showed that the patient had exposure to wild bird. All close contacts of the patient did not present the same disease in seven consecutive days. A high H5 positive rate was detected in environmental samples from local live poultry markets.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that studies on the source of the virus, transmission models, serologic investigations, vaccines, and enhancing surveillance in both humans and birds are necessary.
Phone Consultation for Behavioral Health–Related Referrals in Integrated Primary Care
Authors: Valleley Rachel J. , Hine Jeffrey F. , Clare Ann , Evans Joseph H.
Published: August 2015

Behavioral health (BH) providers add value to primary care teams. This descriptive study illustrates one such role that the BH provider can serve. The on-site BH provider responded to patient phone inquiries regarding BH topics for pediatricians over the course of 15 months. The majority of these calls were for children 10 years and younger and related to externalizing problems. Phone calls were relatively brief (ie, 11-15 minutes). More than half of these phone calls resulted in families scheduling an appointment with nearly 75% showing up for the initial session. Providing this type of adjunctive service may result in earlier access to care and efficiently assigning responsibilities to the appropriate team member.
Hyperdynamic left ventricular ejection fraction in the intensive care unit
Authors: Paonessa Joseph R. , Brennan Thomas , Pimentel Marco , Steinhaus Daniel , Feng Mengling , Celi Leo Anthony
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Limited information exists on the etiology, prevalence, and significance of hyperdynamic left ventricular ejection fraction (HDLVEF) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Our aim in the present study was to compare characteristics and outcomes of patients with HDLVEF with those of patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction in the ICU using a large, public, deidentified critical care database.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal, single-center, retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent echocardiography during a medical or surgical ICU admission at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center using the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II database. The final cohort had 2867 patients, of whom 324 had HDLVEF, defined as an ejection fraction >70 %. Patients with an ejection fraction <55 % were excluded.

Results

Compared with critically ill patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction, the finding of HDLVEF in critically ill patients was associated with female sex, increased age, and the diagnoses of hypertension and cancer. Patients with HDLVEF had increased 28-day mortality compared with those with normal ejection fraction in multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Elixhauser score for comorbidities, vasopressor use, and mechanical ventilation use (odds ratio 1.38, 95 % confidence interval 1.039–1.842, p =0.02).

Conclusions

The presence of HDLVEF portended increased 28-day mortality, and may be helpful as a gravity marker for prognosis in patients admitted to the ICU. Further research is warranted to gain a better understanding of how these patients respond to common interventions in the ICU and to determine if pharmacologic modulation of HDLVEF improves outcomes.
Comparison of variations detection between whole-genome amplification methods used in single-cell resequencing
Authors: Hou Yong , Wu Kui , Shi Xulian , Li Fuqiang , Song Luting , Wu Hanjie , Dean Michael , Li Guibo , Tsang Shirley , Jiang Runze , Zhang Xiaolong , Li Bo , Liu Geng , Bedekar Niharika , Lu Na , Xie Guoyun , Liang Han , Chang Liao , Wang Ting , Chen Jianghao , Li Yingrui , Zhang Xiuqing , Yang Huanming , Xu Xun , Wang Ling , Wang Jun
Published: August 2015

Background

Single-cell resequencing (SCRS) provides many biomedical advances in variations detection at the single-cell level, but it currently relies on whole genome amplification (WGA). Three methods are commonly used for WGA: multiple displacement amplification (MDA), degenerate-oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR) and multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC). However, a comprehensive comparison of variations detection performance between these WGA methods has not yet been performed.

Results

We systematically compared the advantages and disadvantages of different WGA methods, focusing particularly on variations detection. Low-coverage whole-genome sequencing revealed that DOP-PCR had the highest duplication ratio, but an even read distribution and the best reproducibility and accuracy for detection of copy-number variations (CNVs). However, MDA had significantly higher genome recovery sensitivity (~84 %) than DOP-PCR (~6 %) and MALBAC (~52 %) at high sequencing depth. MALBAC and MDA had comparable single-nucleotide variations detection efficiency, false-positive ratio, and allele drop-out ratio. We further demonstrated that SCRS data amplified by either MDA or MALBAC from a gastric cancer cell line could accurately detect gastric cancer CNVs with comparable sensitivity and specificity, including amplifications of 12p11.22 (KRAS) and 9p24.1 (JAK2, CD274, and PDCD1LG2).

Conclusions

Our findings provide a comprehensive comparison of variations detection performance using SCRS amplified by different WGA methods. It will guide researchers to determine which WGA method is best suited to individual experimental needs at single-cell level.
Convento di San Francesco a Folloni: the function of a Medieval Franciscan Friary seen through the burials
Authors: Torino Marielva , Boldsen Jesper L , Tarp Peter , Rasmussen Kaare Lund , Skytte Lilian , Nielsen Lisbeth , Schiavone Simone , Terrasi Filippo , Passariello Isabella , Ricci Paola , Lubritto Carmine
Published: August 2015

Background

The Franciscan Friary in Montella near Avellino in Southern Italy is of special interest because according to historical sources it was founded by St. Francis himself in AD 1221–1222. Human remains of several hundred individuals interred in the cloister walk have been unearthed during two excavation campaigns conducted in 2007–2008 and 2010. The environs of the friary have remained rural since the foundation preventing much modern contamination. The state of preservation of the skeletons is fair to good making a suite of analyses worthwhile.

Results

The skeletons have been examined anthropologically and tissue samples have been subjected to radiocarbon dating, stable isotope measurements and trace element analyses by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.

Conclusions

The radiocarbon dates are consistent with the historical sources and show that the cemetery in the cloister walk has been in uninterrupted use from the foundation of the friary in AD 1221–1222 and until the cemetery went out of use in AD 1524. The anthropological investigations show that the individuals interred at the friary would have been shorter than other Italians from the same time, and it seems that tuberculosis was more prevalent than leprosy. Isotopic measurements show a mixed agricultural and pastoral diet and none of the individuals were consuming marine protein. Based on the trace element analysis it seems that the people resided mainly at two distinct geographical areas, one of which was Montella. One individual stands out from the rest, because he was born and raised at some third geographical location distinct from Montella and because he sports the second oldest radiocarbon date of AD 1050–1249 (two sigma calibrated range). This date is consistent with the first generation of the founders of the friary—perhaps one of St. Francis’ fellow travellers from Assisi.
Genome-Wide Mapping and Interrogation of the Nmp4 Antianabolic Bone Axis
Authors: Childress Paul , Stayrook Keith R. , Alvarez Marta B. , Wang Zhiping , Shao Yu , Hernandez-Buquer Selene , Mack Justin K. , Grese Zachary R. , He Yongzheng , Horan Daniel , Pavalko Fredrick M. , Warden Stuart J. , Robling Alexander G. , Yang Feng-Chun , Allen Matthew R. , Krishnan Venkatesh , Liu Yunlong , Bidwell Joseph P.
Published: August 2015

PTH is an osteoanabolic for treating osteoporosis but its potency wanes. Disabling the transcription factor nuclear matrix protein 4 (Nmp4) in healthy, ovary-intact mice enhances bone response to PTH and bone morphogenetic protein 2 and protects from unloading-induced osteopenia. These Nmp4−/− mice exhibit expanded bone marrow populations of osteoprogenitors and supporting CD8+ T cells. To determine whether the Nmp4−/− phenotype persists in an osteoporosis model we compared PTH response in ovariectomized (ovx) wild-type (WT) and Nmp4−/− mice. To identify potential Nmp4 target genes, we performed bioinformatic/pathway profiling on Nmp4 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data. Mice (12 w) were ovx or sham operated 4 weeks before the initiation of PTH therapy. Skeletal phenotype analysis included microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, serum profiles, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and the growth/mineralization of cultured WT and Nmp4−/− bone marrow mesenchymal stem progenitor cells (MSPCs). ChIP-seq data were derived using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts, murine embryonic stem cells, and 2 blood cell lines. Ovx Nmp4−/− mice exhibited an improved response to PTH coupled with elevated numbers of osteoprogenitors and CD8+ T cells, but were not protected from ovx-induced bone loss. Cultured Nmp4−/− MSPCs displayed enhanced proliferation and accelerated mineralization. ChIP-seq/gene ontology analyses identified target genes likely under Nmp4 control as enriched for negative regulators of biosynthetic processes. Interrogation of mRNA transcripts in nondifferentiating and osteogenic differentiating WT and Nmp4−/− MSPCs was performed on 90 Nmp4 target genes and differentiation markers. These data suggest that Nmp4 suppresses bone anabolism, in part, by regulating IGF-binding protein expression. Changes in Nmp4 status may lead to improvements in osteoprogenitor response to therapeutic cues.
Host manipulation by an ichneumonid spider ectoparasitoid that takes advantage of preprogrammed web-building behaviour for its cocoon protection
Authors: Takasuka Keizo , Yasui Tomoki , Ishigami Toru , Nakata Kensuke , Matsumoto Rikio , Ikeda Kenichi , Maeto Kaoru
Published: August 2015

Host manipulation by parasites and parasitoids is a fascinating phenomenon within evolutionary ecology, representing an example of extended phenotypes. To elucidate the mechanism of host manipulation, revealing the origin and function of the invoked actions is essential. Our study focused on the ichneumonid spider ectoparasitoid Reclinervellus nielseni, which turns its host spider (Cyclosa argenteoalba) into a drugged navvy, to modify the web structure into a more persistent cocoon web so that the wasp can pupate safely on this web after the spider's death. We focused on whether the cocoon web originated from the resting web that an unparasitized spider builds before moulting, by comparing web structures, building behaviour and silk spectral/tensile properties. We found that both resting and cocoon webs have reduced numbers of radii decorated by numerous fibrous threads and specific decorating behaviour was identical, suggesting that the cocoon web in this system has roots in the innate resting web and ecdysteroid-related components may be responsible for the manipulation. We also show that these decorations reflect UV light, possibly to prevent damage by flying web-destroyers such as birds or large insects. Furthermore, the tensile test revealed that the spider is induced to repeat certain behavioural steps in addition to resting web construction so that many more threads are laid down for web reinforcement.
Towards reproducible research: From data analysis (in R) to a typeset laboratory notebook (as .pdf) using the text editor Emacs with the 'mp' package
Authors: Dardis Christopher , Woolf Eric C , Scheck Adrienne C
Published: August 2015

Much scientific research makes use of commonly available ’office’ software. While numerous more fully-featured open-source alternatives exist, the integration of diverse tools and platforms which their use often entails can be challenging. The mp package for Emacs aims to bring together a number of these elements with the goal of simplifying the process of converting an .R file, as used for data analysis, to a nicely formatted .pdf which includes the complete description of an experiment. We discuss the rationale for development of the package and illustrate its applications and options with a series of experiments from our laboratory.
Choosing the Company You Keep: Racial Relational Demography Outside and Inside of Work
Authors: Wilk Steffanie L. , Makarius Erin E.
Published: August 2015

Individuals can differ on demographic characteristics, such as race, from those with whom they interact. This relational demography can lead to poor affiliative outcomes at work when individuals are assigned to work together. However, relationships between dissimilar individuals that occur by choice and develop naturally over time may be of higher quality than those that occur due to structural causes, such as being put together in a work group. In this study, we focus on racial dissimilarity in choice relationships both outside and inside of work and find that greater racial heterogeneity in choice relationships outside of work is related to positive affiliative outcomes at work, such as trust in supervisor and extra-role behaviors, through its effects on relationships inside of the workplace. This has implications for the research on choice and relational demography in organizations, suggesting that relational demography that is a function of choice has benefits for affiliative outcomes at work and that relational demography that is a function of assignment or structure does not. This also contributes to the literature on boundary spanning suggesting that one’s pattern of relational demography of relationships outside of the workplace can spillover and relate to the relationships one develops inside the workplace.
Small AnimalReview
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: August 2015

Introduction:

Vinorelbine is a cytotoxic drug with efficacy against various tumours including pulmonary carcinoma, histiocytic sarcoma and lymphoma.
CPD article: Anaemia of renal disease: pathophysiology and treatment updates
Authors: Chalhoub Serge , Langston Cathy
Published: August 2015

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often leads to renal anaemia, due to gradual reduction of erythropoietin-producing renal cells. About 15–30% of geriatric cats develop CKD, with renal disease being the primary cause of death of older cats. Of those cats with CKD, up to 65% in later-stage CKD will develop renal anaemia. Recognising and treating anaemia of renal disease is an important part of CKD therapy in both dogs and cats. The use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) is standard-of-care in humans and becoming more used in veterinary medicine. Darbepoetin alfa (DA) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of renal anaemia.
Allergic canine otitis externa
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: August 2015

Otitis externa is one of the most common problems presented to veterinary surgeons in primary care practice. Although atopic dermatitis is the most common underlying cause of canine otitis externa, both cutaneous adverse food reactions and contact allergy can also affect the ear canal. Investigation and therapy of acute otitis is essential to prevent the problem progressing to chronic disease, which can be more difficult to manage and in severe cases can require surgical intervention.
Nutrition in team sports
Takım sporlarında beslenme
Authors: Eskici Günay
Published: August 2015

Adequate and balanced nutrition is critical for success in sports.  Besides questions such as how much food needs to be consumed at what intervals and what kind of nutrients should be available for an adequate and balanced nutrition, it is also important to know what sport branch the individuals are involved in. Sport branches can be categorized into three groups as endurance sports, strength/power sports and team sports. Basic nutrition rules which are significant for sports nutrition among sport branches can, in spite of being comparable, differ to some extent in terms of the significance of utilized energy systems and nutrients. Team sport is a branch which requires intermittent high intensity activity, and where anaerobic energy systems are rather dominant, and dehydration and hydration are important issues. Most team sports involve seasonal competitions, and they are played as weekly league games or tournaments held daily or once in a few days. Players’ observing their nutrition during the busy competition seasons and other times has critical bearing in terms of their recovery and performance.

Özet:

Sporda başarı için yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin önemi büyüktür. Yeterli ve dengeli beslenmek için ne zaman ne kadar besin tüketilmeli ve hangi besin öğelerine yer verilmeli gibi konuların yanı sıra, hangi spor dalı ile uğraşıldığının bilinmesi de önem taşımaktadır. Spor dalları dayanıklılık sporları, kuvvet/güç sporları ve takım sporları olmak üzere üç grup altında toplanabilir. Spor dalları arasında spor beslenmesi için önemli olan temel beslenme kuralları birbirine benzer olmakla birlikte, kullanılan enerji sistemleri ve besin öğelerinin önemi açısından bazı farklılıklar söz konusu olabilmektedir. Takım sporları, spor dalları arasında aralıklı yüksek şiddetli aktivite gerektiren, daha çok anaerobik enerji sisteminin baskın olduğu, sıvı kaybı ve hidrasyonun önem taşıdığı spor dallarıdır. Çoğu takım sporu sezonluk yarışmaları içermekte, yarışmalar haftalık lig oyunları veya her gün ya da birkaç günde bir düzenlenen turnuvalar şeklinde oynanmaktadır. Oyuncuların bu yoğun maç dönemlerinde ve sezon dışında beslenmelerine dikkat etmeleri toparlanma ve performansları açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.
The prevalence of melanocortin-4 receptor gene mutations in Slovak obese children and adolescents
Authors: Polák Emil , Vitáriušová Eva , Celec Peter , Pribilincová Zuzana , Košťálová Ľudmila , Hlavatá Anna , Kovács László , Kádaši Ľudevít
Published: August 2015

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency is the most frequent monogenic form of obesity. The contribution of
Effect of 6-months’ vitamin D supplementation on residual beta cell function in children with type 1 diabetes: a case control interventional study
Authors: Mishra Atindra , Dayal Devi , Sachdeva Naresh , Attri Savita Verma
Published: August 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term vitamin D supplementation on the decline of residual beta cell function (RBCF) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: The study involved an intervention group (cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day and calcium 25 mg/kg/day for 6 months) comprising 15 children aged 6–12 years and within 1–2 years of diagnosis of T1D. Fifteen age-matched T1D patients were followed up as controls. Stimulated C-peptide levels were estimated at baseline and 6 months.

Results: The mean decrease in stimulated C-peptide levels in the intervention group was lower (–0.048±0.15 ng/mL) as compared with the controls (–0.107±0.23 ng/mL) but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.472). The percent decrease in stimulated C-peptide from baseline to endpoint (8.3% vs. 20.3%, p=0.357) and the monthly decrease (0.008 ng/mL vs. 0.017 ng/mL, p=0.22) were non-significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group. Three (20%) patients progressed to undetectable stimulated C-peptide (≤0.01 ng/mL) over the study period in the control group as compared with one (6%) in the intervention group (p-value 0.260).

Conclusions: There was a trend towards lesser decline of RBCF with short term cholecalciferol supplementation in children with T1D. Further larger studies are urgently needed to explore the beneficial effects of the relatively inexpensive vitamin D supplementation on RBCF.
Toward an Elaboration of a More Pluralistic Legal Landscape for Developing West African Countries: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) and Law and Development
Authors: Hiez David , Menétrey Séverine
Published: August 2015

In Europe and especially in France, the African business law landscape, as well as the legal discourse, for developing West African countries is almost exclusively dedicated to OHADA, the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa, created in 1993. While economic development in the Member States is the obvious underlying reason for the modernization and unification of African business law, the exact nature of such development remains uncertain, as does the manner in which a such result can or will be achieved. OHADA’s Uniform Acts are, with some minor exceptions, a carbon copy of French business law. The only goal is to increase international investment, which, in turn, is expected to generate economic development, but all without taking any notice of equality or social justice issues. That, without a doubt, is the reason why OHADA is constantly criticized as a law that benefits foreign investors, while remaining ineffective, even illusory, for local traders. To go beyond the criticism, the authors have decided to focus on the relationship between law and the informal sector and to draw lines between formal and informal rules in the business sector.
IUPAC Glossary of terms used in neurotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2015)
Authors: Templeton Douglas M. , Schwenk Michael , Duffus John H.
Published: August 2015

The primary objective of this Glossary of Terms Used in Neurotoxicology is to give clear definitions for those who contribute to studies relevant to neurotoxicology, or must interpret them, but are not themselves neurotoxicologists, neuroscientists or physicians. This applies especially to chemists who need to understand the literature of neurotoxic effects of substances without recourse to a multiplicity of other glossaries or dictionaries. The Glossary includes terms related to basic and clinical neurology insofar as they are necessary for a self-contained document, and particularly terms related to diagnosing, measuring, and understanding effects of substances on the central and peripheral nervous systems. The glossary consists of about 800 terms as primary alphabetical entries, and includes Annexes of common abbreviations, and examples of chemicals with known effects on the nervous system. The authors hope that among the groups who will find this glossary helpful, in addition to chemists, are toxicologists, pharmacologists, medical practitioners, risk assessors, and regulatory authorities. In particular, it should facilitate the worldwide use of chemistry in relation to occupational and environmental risk assessment.
Being Brave
Authors: Weber Christina D.
Published: August 2015

In this article, I explore how individuals access agency within a large institution. Relying on Dorothy Smith's work with institutional ethnography, I integrate interview data with my experience as part of the institutional change process. What is revealed in the data is that agency is constantly being negotiated with disengagement. In the article, I set up a series of vignettes to establish an interwoven dialogue that enables me to tell the collective story of faculty experiences at a university and their stories of working on institutional change. Through these dialogues, I explore the complex and contradictory ways in which faculty make sense of their roles on campus and within the institutional change process. Ultimately, what I trace in my conversations with faculty is a negotiation of agency and disengagement as they seek out strategies to be brave and work to make lasting and meaningful change at the university.
Endothelial glucocorticoid receptor promoter methylation according to dexamethasone sensitivity
Authors: Mata-Greenwood Eugenia , Jackson P Naomi , Pearce William J , Zhang Lubo
Published: August 2015

We have previously shown that in vitro sensitivity to dexamethasone (DEX) stimulation in human endothelial cells is positively regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1, GR). The present study determined the role of differential GR transcriptional regulation in glucocorticoid sensitivity. We studied 25 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that had been previously characterized as DEX-sensitive (n=15), or resistant (n=10). Real-time PCR analysis of GR 5′UTR mRNA isoforms showed that all HUVECs expressed isoforms 1B, 1C, 1D, 1F, and 1H, and isoforms 1B and 1C were predominantly expressed. DEX-resistant cells expressed higher basal levels of the 5′UTR mRNA isoforms 1C and 1D, but lower levels of the 5′UTR mRNA isoform 1F than DEX-sensitive cells. DEX treatment significantly decreased GRα and GR-1C mRNA isoform expression in DEX-resistant cells only. Reporter luciferase assays indicated that differential GR mRNA isoform expression was not due to differential promoter usage between DEX-sensitive and DEX-resistant cells. Analysis of promoter methylation, however, showed that DEX-sensitive cells have higher methylation levels of promoter 1D and lower methylation levels of promoter 1F than DEX-resistant cells. Treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine abolished the differential 5′UTR mRNA isoform expression between DEX-sensitive and DEX-resistant cells. Finally, both GRα overexpression and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment eliminated the differences between sensitivity groups to DEX-mediated downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3), and upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1). In sum, human endothelial GR 5′UTR mRNA expression is regulated by promoter methylation with DEX-sensitive and DEX-resistant cells having different GR promoter methylation patterns.
EEWES: an energy-efficient wireless sensor network embed-ded system to be applied on industrial environments
Authors: Mendonça de Oliveira Felipe Denis , Semente Rodrigo Soares , Fernandes Jefferson Doolan , Correia de Melo Tálison Augusto , Júnior Serafim Do Nascimento , Salazar Andrés Ortiz
Published: August 2015

Nowadays, the vast majority of information monitoring in industrial plants is still carried out by wired technologies, in which the installation and maintenance cost is high. However, in outdoor applications, such as those used in the oil and gas industry, the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is increasing due to mobility, reliability, and low cost of the sensor nodes that make up the network. Moreover, this solution reduces the risks of workers in classified areas (regions with high probability of accidents occurrence) to the extent that the equipment maintenance is optimized.  This paper proposes the development of the EEWES, an energy efficient wireless sensor network embedded system, which can be applied on industrial environments. This development approach significantly reduces the energy consumption of the sensor nodes by using a method that alternates sleep periods of the transceiver/sensor set with data transmission/reception periods, which reduces the duty cycle while keeping the desirable parameters of the service quality (QoS). The results presented in this paper will be confirmed by field tests.
A novel finite element method for designing floor slabs on grade and pavements with loads at edges
Authors: Camero Sanabria Hugo Ernesto
Published: August 2015

In the present paper a methodology to design slabs on grade for industrial floors and pavements using bi-dimensional finite elements and integrating the subgrade in the design is presented. The suggested method to design slabs on grade for industrial floors and pavements has been called the Camero Finite Element Method.  An example of an industrial floor designed to be capable of sustaining an infinite number of load applications (or a 50 years lifespan period) is here presented in order to be compared with the results of the Camero Finite Element Method, the PCA (Portland Cement Association), and the WRI’s (Wire Reinforcement Institute) simplified methods. In this example, an industrial floor is designed to be capable of sustaining an infinite number of load applications comparing the results of the Camero Finite Element Method and the simplified methods of the PCA and WRI. The industrial floor or pavement will be able to resist an infinite number of load applications if it is designed with the Camero Finite Element Method. On the other hand, if it is designed using the PCA and the WRI methods, it will last a few years (in this example, in one year period, the number of axle load applications is equal to the number of allowable repetitions). To conclude, if an industrial floor o pavement is designed with the Camero Finite Element Method, it will be able to sustain an infinite number of load applications (up to 50 years lifespan period).
Conceptual analysis of single-feed heterogeneous distillation columns
Authors: Martinez Riascos Carlos Arturo , Estupiñan Perez Libardo
Published: August 2015

Separation in heterogeneous distillation columns is attained by interaction of two liquid and one vapor phases, interaction of three phases involves complexities due to the determination of vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium and hence, in the design of separation units. Nevertheless, the liquid-liquid equilibrium allows developing separations that may be unfeasible by vapor-liquid equilibrium. In this way, heterogeneous azeotropic distillation is a useful operation for the separation of azeotropic and close-boiling mixtures. In this work, a new methodology for evaluating the feasibility of this process is developed. This methodology is an extension of that proposed by Castillo et al. (1998) for homogeneous systems. Operation leaves for heterogeneous systems are calculated using the concept of pinch point curves in order to establish the process feasibility. Heterogeneous columns with external decanter are considered as the only heterogeneous stage (OHED: only heterogeneous external decanter). The initialization process for the column calculation requires the selection of the distillate composition using thermodynamic criteria in order to guarantee homogeneous phases within the column. A system with industrial and academic relevance was considered as case study: water-acetic acid-amyl acetate. Results show that the developed shortcut method allows evaluating process feasibility and estimating design parameters, without the use of trial and error procedures implemented, with the aid of simulation tools.

 
Glucose obtained from rice bran by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Kuhn Raquel Cristine , Mazutti Marcio Antonio , Foletto Edson Luiz , Dal Prá Valéria , Zimmermann Eduardo , Souza Matheus , Foletto Vitória Segabinazzi , Silveira Maleski Tanisa Paula , Cavalheiro Lunelli Felipe , Sfalcin Pâmela
Published: August 2015

In this work ultrasound-assisted solid-state enzymatic hydrolysis of rice bran to obtain fermentable sugars was investigated. For this purpose, process variables such as temperature, enzyme concentration and moisture content were evaluated during the enzymatic hydrolysis with and without ultrasound irradiation. The enzyme used is a blend of amylases derived from genetically modified strains of Trichoderma reesei. Kinetic of the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice bran at the constant-reaction rate period were measured. The best results for the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis was obtained using 3 wt% of enzyme, 60 oC and moisture content of 65 wt%, yielding 0.38 g sugar/g rice bran, whereas for the hydrolysis in the absence of ultrasound the highest yield was 0.20 g sugar/g rice bran using 3 wt% of enzyme, 60 oC and moisture content of 50 wt%. The use of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of rice bran was intensified, obtaining around 74% more fermentable sugar than in the absence, showing that the use of ultrasound is a promising technology to be used in enzymatic reaction as an alternative of process intensification. 
HDO del guaiacol mediante el uso de catalizadores NiMo soportados sobre carbón activado obtenido a partir de la torta de higuerilla
Authors: Ospina Viviana , Buitrago Robison , Lopez Diana Patricia
Published: August 2015

Physical and chemical activation methods were used to prepare two different activated carbons (ACs) from castor de-oiled cake. H2O/CO2 mixture was used as the physical activating agent, and for chemical activation potassium carbonate (K2CO3) was used. For both materials, textural and chemical properties were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ACs were used as supports for NiMo sulfide catalysts, which were prepared by wetness impregnation and in-situ sulfided for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol (GUA) as a model compound of bio-oil. The HDO reaction was carried out in a typical batch reactor at 5 MPa of H2 and 350 °C. Under the same test conditions, commercial catalysts were also tested in the reaction. Although the commercial catalysts displayed higher GUA conversion, the prepared catalysts showed higher activity and non-oxygenated and saturated products yield. 
Material Development and Spiritual Empowerment?
Authors: Drønen Tomas Sundnes
Published: August 2015

This article seeks to shed light on the relationship between material development and spiritual empowerment among Pentecostal churches in Northern Cameroon. Field studies show that several Pentecostal churches recently have been established in the area, and that they are “negotiating space” in order to find places and areas where they can influence the local community. Due to the strong Muslim control over the economy in the region, the new churches have little focus on prosperity, but the material and developmental discourse focus on entrepreneurship through education and hard work. The article concludes that the relative success achieved by the churches is connected to their focus on global mobility, local flexibility, spiritual authority and human dignity.
Pentecostals and Development in Nigeria and Zambia
Authors: Burgess Richard H
Published: August 2015

Faith-based community organising is becoming increasingly recognized as an effective form of democratic engagement and community development, especially among low-to-middle income urban communities in the United States and Britain. This article focuses on two African Pentecostal initiatives with no formal links to Western community organising networks: the Young Ambassadors for Community Peace and Inter-Faith Foundation in Nigeria and the Jubilee Centre in Zambia. In both countries, neoliberal economics, associated with diminished public sectors and decreased government interventionism, has taken its toll, resulting in increased levels of unemployment, poverty and violent conflict. In response, these initiatives are engaged in citizen mobilization through training church and community leaders, and empowering ordinary people to improve the quality of life in their communities. While faith-based community organising is relatively rare in Nigeria and Zambia, the case studies discussed in this article show the potential of this form of intervention for generating social capital and addressing the dual crises of poverty and violence that assail the African continent. The article assesses the added value of Pentecostal beliefs and practices in relation to civic engagement and development.
Beef heifers grazing behavior and herbage intake in natural grassland under rotational grazing
Authors: Barbieri Cezar Wankura , Quadros Fernando Luiz Ferreira de , Jochims Felipe , Kuinchtner Bruno Castro , Carvalho Thiago Henrique Nicola de , Casanova Pedro Trindade , Fernandes Augusto Miranda , Pereira João Bento
Published: August 2015

It was evaluated the effect of two rest intervals between grazing occupations in rotational grazing; 375 and 750 DD (degree-days); based on the cumulative thermal sum necessary for leaf expansion of native grasses of two functional groups over the grazing behavior variables from beef heifers with 12 months old. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized block design, with two treatments, three replications and measures repeated over time. Grazing behavior was assessed in three occasions (Nov 2011, Jan and Mar 2012), with 24h each. The herbage intake was estimated using an external marker (Cr2O3). The leaf mass was similar among the rest intervals, with a mean of 1261kg DM ha-1. The average grazing time was 627.4min day-1 and bite rate was 37.1 bites min-1. The average number of daily meals was 5.9 with an average of 118.5 minutes. Number of feeding stations visited per minute was 6.1 and the feeding stations permanence time was of 12 seconds. There was a reduction only on grazing time and bite rate over the periods. The range of thermal sums evaluated to define the rest intervals in rotational grazing proved no effect on heifers' grazing behavior and herbage intake
COMPETENCIAS DEL DOCENTE PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS PRÁCTICAS DE CAMPO CASO DE LOS FUTUROS INGENIEROS AMBIENTALES
Authors: Valero Vargas Rafael Ernesto , Flórez González David Ernesto
Published: August 2015

Las prácticas de campo son espacios, situaciones didácticas y contextos académicos adecuados por el docente para el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de saberes y competencias por parte de los actores que se benefician de ellas: instituciones públicas y privadas, investigadores y comunidades locales, profesores y estudiantes, anfitriones y la sociedad en general. La primera parte del artículo consiste en una revisión bibliográfica general que presenta algunas de las competencias que debe desarrollar el docente para el diseño, la planeación y la evaluación de una práctica de campo. En la segunda, se presenta el diseño, la planeación y la evaluación de las prácticas de campo como el escenario adecuado para la puesta en juego de los aprendizajes significativos, desarrollados por los docentes en las mismas.
Editorial
Authors: Machek Ondřej
Published: August 2015

N/A
Egy mélytengeri hal szárazon
Authors: Bartha Ákos
Published: August 2015

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