bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sodium leak channel NALCN is regulated by neuronal SNARE complex proteins
Authors: Usher Samuel , Toulmé Estelle , Florea Roberta , Yatskevich Stanislau , Jao Christine C. , Colding Janne M. , Joshi Prajakta , Zilberleyb Inna , Trimbuch Thorsten , Brokowski Bettina , Hauser Alexander S. , Leitner Alexander , Rosenmund Christian , Kschonsak Marc , Pless Stephan A.
Published: September 2024

The sodium leak channel NALCN is vital for the regulation of electrical activity in neurons and other excitable cells, and mutations in the channel or its auxiliary proteins lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we show that the neuronal SNARE complex proteins syntaxin and SNAP25, which enable synaptic transmission in the nervous system, inhibit the activity of the NALCN channel complex in both heterologous systems and primary neurons. The existence of this interaction suggests that the neurotransmitter release machinery can regulate electrical signalling directly, and therefore modulate the threshold for its own activity. We further find that reduction of NALCN currents is sufficient to promote cell survival in syntaxin-depleted cells. This suggests that disinhibited NALCN may cause the puzzling phenomenon of rapid neuronal cell death in the absence of syntaxin. This interaction may offer opportunities for future drug development against genetic diseases linked to both NALCN- and SNARE protein-containing complexes.
Thermal feedback in coaxial superconducting radio frequency cavities
Authors: McMullin Mattias , Kolb Philipp , Yao Zhongyuan , Laxdal Robert , Junginger Tobias
Published: September 2024

The surface resistance of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities depends on the strength of the applied rf field. This field dependence is caused by a combination of intrinsic losses and the extrinsic thermal feedback (TFB) effect. To test theories of intrinsic field dependence, the extrinsic part must be compensated for when analyzing experimental data from SRF cavity tests. Performing this compensation requires knowing thermal parameters that describe heat flow in the cavity walls. The relevant thermal parameters have been measured in the case of superfluid helium, below 2.177 K, but no detailed measurements have yet been reported for cooling of niobium surfaces in normal fluid helium baths. Because of this, the impact of TFB on the field dependence at temperatures near 4.2 K is unknown. In the present study, we report measurements of normal fluid helium boiling from niobium surfaces and its dependence on the orientation of the boiling surface and bath temperature. These measurements are used to create a finite-element model of heat transfer in cavities from TRIUMF’s coaxial test program. This tool is then used to compensate for TFB when analyzing a range of datasets from this program. Results are presented showing that TFB has a weak impact for the temperatures of 2.0 and 4.2 K, where SRF cavities are usually operated, but it is an important effect at intermediate temperatures.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Institutional, macroeconomic and firm-specific determinants of financial leverage: the case of Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Vu Hiep
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the institutional, macroeconomic and firm-specific determinants of financial leverage in Vietnam and provides new evidence from the dynamic panel fractional estimator.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a panel dataset of 859 Vietnamese firms from 2008 to 2022 and employs three estimators: Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), System Generalized Method of Moments (SysGMM) and Dynamic Panel Fractional (DPF), with DPF being particularly suitable for handling fractional dependent variables and the dynamic nature of financial leverage.

Findings

The results confirm the dynamic nature of the financial leverage model, with firm-specific factors, institutional factors and macroeconomic factors playing significant roles in shaping firms' financing decisions. The DPF estimator highlights the positive impact of stock market development on leverage. This study contributes to the literature by providing new evidence on the determinants of leverage in Vietnam, using the DPF estimator for more accurate estimation and revealing the significant impact of the size of the banking sector, the size of the stock market, the stock market development index, the financial development index and the corruption perception index on leverage.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by providing new evidence on the dynamic nature of the financial leverage model and the impact of institutional, macroeconomic and firm-specific factors on financial leverage in the context of Vietnam. The use of the DPF estimator allows for a more accurate and reliable estimation of the determinants of leverage, considering the fractional nature of the dependent variable and the persistence of capital structure decisions over time.
The emulsifying capacity and stability of potato proteins and peptides: A comprehensive review
Authors: Bashash Moein , Wang‐Pruski Gefu , He Quan Sophia , Sun Xiaohong
Published: September 2024

The potato has recently attracted more attention as a promising protein source. Potato proteins are commonly extracted from potato fruit juice, a byproduct of starch production. Potato proteins are characterized by superior techno‐functional properties, such as water solubility, gel‐forming, emulsifying, and foaming properties. However, commercially isolated potato proteins are often denatured, leading to a loss of these functionalities. Extensive research has explored the influence of different conditions and techniques on the emulsifying capacity and stability of potato proteins. However, there has been no comprehensive review of this topic yet. This paper aims to provide an in‐depth overview of current research progress on the emulsifying capacity and stability of potato proteins and peptides, discussing research challenges and future perspectives. This paper discusses genetic diversity in potato proteins and various methods for extracting proteins from potatoes, including thermal and acid precipitation, salt precipitation, organic solvent precipitation, carboxymethyl cellulose complexation, chromatography, and membrane technology. It also covers enzymatic hydrolysis for producing potato‐derived peptides and methods for identifying potato protein–derived emulsifying peptides. Furthermore, it reviews the influence of factors, such as physicochemical properties, environmental conditions, and food‐processing techniques on the emulsifying capacity and stability of potato proteins and their derived peptides. Finally, it highlights chemical modifications, such as acylation, succinylation, phosphorylation, and glycation to enhance emulsifying capacity and stability. This review provides insight into future research directions for utilizing potato proteins as sustainable protein sources and high‐value food emulsifiers, thereby contributing to adding value to the potato processing industry.
Acute myocardial infarction as presenting symptom of thymoma with compression on a coronary stent
Authors: Leonardi Beatrice , Natale Giovanni , Laperuta Paolo , Scaramuzzi Roberto , Apostolico Gianfranco , Leone Francesco , Bergaminelli Carlo , Fiorelli Alfonso
Published: September 2024

We report the clinical case of a patient with acute myocardial infarction due to coronary stent compression as first manifestation of a large thymoma. The patient underwent a coronarography and thrombus aspiration + plain old balloon angioplasty restoring the stent patency. The mass resection was performed through left robotic‐assisted thoracic surgery (RATS), resulting in a type A thymoma pT1a, IIb Masaoka‐Koga. An uncommon presentation led to early diagnosis and treatment of a thymoma with both oncological and functional significance.
Increased preload and echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function
Authors: Taraldsen Ida Arentz , Mogelvang Rasmus , Grund Frederik Fasth , Hassager Christian , Søgaard Peter , Kristensen Charlotte Burup
Published: September 2024

Aims

Echocardiographic diastolic parameters are used to diagnose and monitor increased left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) and we hypothesized that increased loading conditions cause increased E/e′. Our aim was to assess the effect of preload augmentation on diastolic parameters among both healthy subjects and subjects with known cardiac disease.

Methods and results

We included 129 subjects merged from two cohorts; one dialysis cohort (n = 47) and one infusion cohort (n = 82). Echocardiography was performed immediately before and after hemodialysis (HD) or saline infusion, under low and high loading conditions. Elevated LVFP was defined as septal E/e′ ≥ 15 and/or lateral E/e′ ≥ 13 at high‐loading conditions. The population was divided according to elevated LVFP (n = 31) and normal LVFP (n = 98). The load difference for the population was 972 ± 460 mL, with no differences in load difference between elevated and normal LVFP (p NS). The subjects with elevated LVFP were older (63 ± 11 vs. 46 ± 16 years, p < .001), and had lower LV ejection fraction (50 ± 14 vs. 59 ± 8.1%, p < .01). After augmented preload, EDV increased in the normal LVFP group (p < .01) but remained unchanged in the elevated LVFP group (p NS). Both E and e′ increased among the subjects with normal LVFP, whereas E/e′ remained unchanged (∆E/e′ +.1 [‐.5–1.2]), p NS). Among the subjects with elevated, LVFP we observed increased E but not e′, resulting in significantly increased E/e′ (∆ average E/e′ +2.4 [0–4.0], p < .01).

Conclusion

Augmented preload does not seem to affect E/e′ among subjects with normal LVFP, whereas E/e′ seems to increase significantly among subjects with elevated LVFP.
An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire in Ethiopia
Authors: Yared Mahlet , Kim Hannah H. , Ametaj Amantia , Alemayehu Melkam , Stevenson Anne , Milkias Barkot , Girma Engida , Gelaye Bizu , Teferra Solomon
Published: September 2024

Aim

Few psychosis screening instruments have been tested for use in Africa, yet appropriate tools can increase the detection of self‐reported psychotic symptoms, improve the detection of psychosis and impact its prognosis.

Method

The construct validity and factor structure of Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) were tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) in a sample of 1928 Ethiopian adults without any history of psychosis. We tested a unidimensional model with and without an item on mania. For IRT, unidimensional latent structure one‐parameter logistic (1PL) and two‐parameter (2PL) logistic models were tested and compared for relative fit using a likelihood‐ratio test.

Result and Discussion

The prevalence of lifetime positive screens was 2.8% in an Ethiopian sample of adults from a general medical setting. A unidimensional model demonstrated good fit for the PSQ, (CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.986 and RMSEA = 0.025). For IRT, a 2PL model was the best fitting one. IRT tests of item difficulty and discrimination parameters showed that paranoia had the highest discrimination and lowest difficulty (), likely to be endorsed at low levels of psychotic features. Thought insertion had the highest item difficulty (). Overall, the measure captures the psychosis construct at higher levels of the latent trait and may be suited for detecting moderate to severe levels of psychosis.

Conclusion

The PSQ is found to have good construct validity in screening for psychosis among Ethiopian adults. Future studies may focus on the diagnostic validity of the PSQ comparing it with a structured clinical interview.
Vineyard cover crop management strategies and their effect on soil properties across Europe
Authors: Liebhard Gunther , Guzmán Gema , Gómez José A. , Winter Silvia , Zaller Johann G. , Bauer Thomas , Nicolai Annegret , Cluzeau Daniel , Popescu Daniela , Bunea Claudiu‐Ioan , Strauss Peter
Published: September 2024

Vineyard soils are often of inherently poor quality with low organic carbon content. Management can improve soil properties and thus soil fertility. In European wine‐growing regions, a broad range of inter‐row management strategies evolved based on specific local site conditions and the varying effects of management intensities on soil, water balance, yield and grape quality. Accordingly, there is a need to investigate the effects of locally common cover crop management strategies and tillage intensity on soil organic carbon content and soil physical parameters. In this study, we investigated the impact of the most common inter‐row management practices in Austria, France, Romania and Spain. In all countries, we compared paired sites. Each site with cover crops and inter‐row management of low intensity was compared with one site with (temporarily) bare soil and high management intensity. All studied sites with cover crops and low management intensity, except those in Spain, had higher organic carbon contents than the paired more intensively managed vineyards. However, the highly water‐limited Spanish vineyards with temporary cover crops had lower organic carbon contents than the paired sites with bare soil. Sites with more organic carbon had better results for bulk density, percolation stability (PS), hydraulic conductivity and available soil water, with soil hydraulic parameters being less pronounced than others. Country comparison of inter‐row weed control systems showed that PS was particularly low in sampled vineyards in Romania and Spain, where weed control is based on intensive mechanical tillage. Alternating management systems with tillage every second inter‐row showed a decrease in soil structure compared with permanent green cover. Thus, inter‐row management with cover crops and reduced tillage increases soil organic carbon content and improves soil structure compared with bare soil management. If local constraints, such as water scarcity, do not allow year‐round planting, alternating inter‐row management with several years of alternating periods may be an option to mitigate those adverse effects. However, negative impact on the soil structure occurs with the very first tillage operation, whereas negative effects on the carbon balance only appear after long‐term use of tillage.
Respiratory Viral Testing Rate Patterns in Young Children Attending Tertiary Care Across Western Australia: A Population‐Based Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Taye Belaynew W. , Sarna Mohinder , Le Huong , Levy Avram , Minney‐Smith Cara , Richmond Peter , Menzies Robert , Blyth Christopher C. , Moore Hannah C.
Published: September 2024

Background

An understanding of viral testing rates is crucial to accurately estimate the pathogen‐specific hospitalisation burden. We aimed to estimate the patterns of testing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, parainfluenza virus (PIV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) by geographical location, age and time in children <5 years old in Western Australia.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based cohort study of children born between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2021, utilising linked administrative data incorporating birth and death records, hospitalisations and respiratory viral surveillance testing records from state‐wide public pathology data. We examined within‐hospital testing rates using survival analysis techniques and identified independent predictors of testing using binary logistic regression.

Results

Our dataset included 46,553 laboratory tests for RSV, influenza, PIV, or hMPV from 355,021 children (52.5% male). Testing rates declined in the metropolitan region over the study period (RSV testing in infants: from 242.11/1000 child‐years in 2012 to 155.47/1000 child‐years in 2018) and increased thereafter. Conversely, rates increased in non‐metropolitan areas (e.g., RSV in Goldfields: from 364.92 in 2012 to 504.37/1000 child‐years in 2021). The strongest predictors of testing were age <12 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.25, 95% CI 2.20–2.31), preterm birth (<32 weeks: aOR = 2.90, 95% CI 2.76–3.05) and remote residence (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.73–0.81).

Conclusion

These current testing rates highlight the potential underestimation of respiratory virus hospitalisations by routine surveillance and the need for estimation of the true burden of respiratory virus admissions.
Perfusion imaging predicts short‐term clinical outcome in isolated posterior cerebral artery occlusion stroke
Authors: Salim Hamza Adel , Huang Shenwen , Lakhani Dhairya A. , Mei Janet , Balar Aneri , Musmar Basel , Adeeb Nimer , Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Luna Licia , Deng Francis , Hyson Nathan Z. , Bahouth Mona , Dmytriw Adam A. , Guenego Adrien , Albers's Gregory W. , Lu Hanzhang , Urrutia Victor C. , Nael Kambiz , Marsh Elisabeth B , Hillis Argye E. , Llinas Raf , Wintermark Max , Heit Jeremy J. , Faizy Tobias D. , Yedavalli Vivek
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

Ischemic strokes due to isolated posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusions represent 5% of all strokes but have significant impacts on patients’ quality of life, primarily due to visual deficits and thalamic involvement. Current guidelines for acute PCA occlusion management are sparse, and the prognostic value of perfusion imaging parameters remains underexplored.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 32 patients with isolated PCA occlusions treated at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions between January 2017 and March 2023. Patients underwent pretreatment perfusion imaging, with perfusion parameters analyzed using RAPID software. The primary outcome was short‐term clinical outcome as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at discharge.

Results

The median age of the cohort was 70 years, with 34% female and 66% male. Significant correlations were found between NIHSS at discharge and various perfusion parameters, including time‐to‐maximum (Tmax) >6 seconds (ρ = .55, p = .004), Tmax >8 seconds (ρ = .59, p = .002), Tmax >10 seconds (ρ = .6, p = .001), mismatch volume (ρ = .51, p = .008), and cerebral blood volume (CBV) < 34% (ρ = .59, p = .002).

Conclusions

Tmax and CBV volumes significantly correlated with discharge NIHSS with marginal superiority of Tmax >10 seconds and CBV <42% volumes. These findings suggest that CT and MR perfusion imaging can play a crucial role in the acute management of PCA strokes, though larger, standardized studies are needed to validate these results and refine imaging thresholds specific to posterior circulation infarcts.
Counselling for patients with a temporomandibular disorder: A scoping review and concept analysis
Authors: van der Meer Hedwig A. , van der Wal Annemarie C. , van Hinte Gerben , Speksnijder Caroline M.
Published: September 2024

Background

An integral component of comprehensive temporomandibular disorder (TMD) treatment involves what is commonly referred to in literature as patient counselling or patient education. Despite its importance, a clear definition of the concept is lacking.

Objectives

To describe the concept of counselling (i.e. what is it, what should it consist of, and when should it be given) through a concept analysis of the literature.

Eligibility Criteria

All papers that include a description of counselling or education for TMD are included.

Sources of Evidence

Literature searches were performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Cinahl, and PsycInfo.

Charting Methods

A qualitative analysis was done using the principle‐based concept analysis approach, where descriptions of counselling from the included papers were analysed by the researchers.

Results

A total of 71 articles were included. Based on the qualitative analysis of the included articles and descriptions of counselling, the following content themes were identified: (1) general information on TMD; (2) overuse of the masticatory system; (3) posture education; (4) lifestyle and psychosocial factors; (5) exercise‐ and thermotherapy; and (6) additional information and therapies.

Conclusions

A definition and framework of counselling for TMD has been provided, which can be used in the clinic, research, and educational programs.
Role of sodium‐dependent vitamin C transporter 2 in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Kanda Tomoko , Iwasaki Kengo , Taguchi Yoichiro , Umeda Makoto
Published: September 2024

Aim

Ascorbic acid (AA) is a water‐soluble vitamin that has antioxidant properties and regulates homeostasis of connective tissue through controlling various enzymatic activities. Two cell surface glycoproteins, sodium‐dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) 1 and SVCT2, are known as ascorbate transporters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and functions of SVCTs in periodontal ligament (PDL) and PDL fibroblast (PDLF).

Methods

Gene expression was examined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription PCR. SVCT2 expression was determined by immunofluorescence staining, western blot and flow cytometry. ALP activity and collagen production were examined using ALP staining and collagen staining. Short interfering RNA was used to knock down the gene level of SVCT2. Change of comprehensive gene expression under SVCT2 knockdown condition was examined by RNA‐sequencing analysis.

Results

Real‐time PCR, fluorescent immunostaining, western blot and flowy cytometry showed that SVCT2 was expressed in PDLF and PDL. ALP activity, collagen production, and SVCT2 expression were enhanced upon AA stimulation in PDLF. The enhancement of ALP activity, collagen production, and SVCT2 expression by AA was abolished under SVCT2 knockdown condition. RNA‐sequencing revealed that gene expression of CLDN4, Cyclin E2, CAMK4, MSH5, DMC1, and Nidgen2 were changed by SVCT2 knockdown. Among them, the expression of MSH5 and DMC1, which are related to DNA damage sensor activity, was enhanced by AA, suggesting the new molecular target of AA in PDLF.

Conclusion

Our study reveals the SVCT2 expression in PDL and the pivotal role of SVCT2 in mediating AA‐induced enhancements of ALP activity and collagen production in PDLF. Additionally, we identify alterations in gene expression profiles, highlighting potential molecular targets influenced by AA through SVCT2. These findings deepen our understanding of periodontal tissue homeostasis mechanisms and suggest promising intervention targeting AA metabolism.
Modified minimally invasive surgical technique with clindamycin‐augmented or non‐augmented platelet‐rich fibrin in periodontal regeneration: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yusri Sarah , Elbattawy Weam , Zaaya Salma , Mokhtar Maha , Ramzy Asmaa , Fawzy El‐Sayed Karim M.
Published: September 2024

Aim

Injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (I‐PRF), a second‐generation platelet concentrate, is widely used to enhance soft and hard tissue healing alone or in combination with biomaterials, relying on its harboring of various pivotal growth/differentiation factors. This randomized trial assessed the effect of clindamycin (CLN) augmented injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (I‐PRF) with modified minimally invasive surgical technique (M‐MIST) versus I‐PRF alone with M‐MIST on the clinical and radiographic parameters in the management of periodontal intra‐bony defects in patients with stage‐III grade B periodontitis.

Methods

This is a 9‐month parallel‐grouped, two arm, double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) that included 28 patients (n = 28) with stage‐III grade B periodontitis, who were allocated randomly to test‐ (CLN/I‐PRF + M‐MIST, 50 μL of CLN per 1 mL of I‐PRF; n = 14) or control‐group (I‐PRF + M‐MIST; n = 14). Clinical attachment level (CAL; primary outcome), probing depth (PD), gingival margin level (GML), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months, whereas radiographic parameters radiographic linear defect depth (RLDD), and radiographic defect area (RDA) were recorded at baseline, 6, and 9 months. The CLN release kinetics from the I‐PRF were further characterized.

Results

Compared to baseline, both groups independently demonstrated significant improvements in CAL, PD, GML, GI, PI, RLDD and BDA at 3, 6 and 9 months (p < .05). A significant reduction in CAL measurements was noticeable in the CLN/I‐PRF + M‐MIST and I‐PRF + M‐MIST group independently over time (p < .05). CLN/I‐PRF + M‐MIST showed significantly lower CAL than PRF + M‐MIST group at baseline, after three as well as 9 months (p < .05). Intergroup comparisons at 9 months demonstrated that CAL‐gain was non‐significant between groups (p > .05), GI significantly lower in CLN/I‐PRF + M‐MIST, whereas PD‐reduction significantly higher I‐PRF + M‐MIST group (p < .05). CLN was steadily released for the I‐PRF for up to 48 h, with a peak concentration at 24 h, which then gradually declined till the seventh day.

Conclusions

I‐PRF with M‐MIST provided significant clinical and radiographic improvement up to 9 months postoperatively in stage‐III grade B periodontitis. CLN, at the applied concentration and release duration, does not appear to further positively impact these observed I‐PRF effects.
Prevalence of respiratory signs in dogs with chronic gastroenteropathy in a referral population in the United Kingdom: 42 cases (2020)
Authors: Salas García A. , Atkinson L. , McCann T. , Bazelle J.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of respiratory signs in a referral population of dogs with chronic gastroenteropathy in the United Kingdom, and to describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of the affected dogs.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective review of canine patients diagnosed with chronic gastroenteropathy in a referral centre in the United Kingdom. Data included signalment, gastrointestinal and respiratory signs, blood analysis results and, where present, diagnostic imaging techniques, endoscopy, videofluoroscopic swallow study, bronchoalveolar lavage results and treatment response. To be included, a follow‐up of a minimum of 3 months was required. Cases were excluded if there was no minimum diagnostic dataset, the aetiology of the respiratory signs was other than gastrointestinal disease or a non‐gastrointestinal systemic disease was the cause of the gastrointestinal signs.

Results

One hundred and forty‐eight dogs were included and 42 (28.4%) had concurrent respiratory signs. Gagging (69%) and vomiting (52.4%) were the most common gastrointestinal signs, while coughing (50%), tachypnoea (33.3%) and reverse sneezing (30.9%) were the most common respiratory signs. Abdominal ultrasound was performed in 31 (73.8%) while CT scan was the most common modality for thoracic (62.5%) and head (21.9%) imaging. Endoscopic procedures included gastrointestinal (54.8%), bronchoscopy (19%) and rhinoscopy (23.8%). Dietary modification was the most common treatment (66.67%). Eleven dogs (26.2%) had a relapse of the respiratory signs during the follow‐up period, of which, nine (81.8%) had a concurrent relapse of the gastrointestinal signs.

Clinical Significance

Concurrent respiratory signs in dogs with chronic gastroenteropathy are frequent. A clinical improvement of these respiratory signs might be achieved during the therapeutic management of gastrointestinal disorders.
Role of CRISPR‐Cas systems in periodontal disease pathogenesis and potential for periodontal therapy: A review
Authors: Chopra Aditi , Bhuvanagiri Geeta , Natu Kshitija , Chopra Avneesh
Published: September 2024

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) are DNA sequences capable of editing a host genome sequence. CRISPR and its specific CRISPR‐associated (Cas) protein complexes have been adapted for various applications. These include activating or inhibiting specific genetic sequences or acting as molecular scissors to cut and modify the host DNA precisely. CRISPR‐Cas systems are also naturally present in many oral bacteria, where they aid in nutrition, biofilm formation, inter‐ and intraspecies communication (quorum sensing), horizontal gene transfer, virulence, inflammation modulation, coinfection, and immune response evasion. It even functions as an adaptive immune system, defending microbes against invading viruses and foreign genetic elements from other bacteria by targeting and degrading their DNA. Recently, CRISPR‐Cas systems have been tested as molecular editing tools to manipulate specific genes linked with periodontal disease (such as periodontitis) and as novel methods of delivering antimicrobial agents to overcome antimicrobial resistance. With the rapidly increasing role of CRISPR in treating inflammatory diseases, its application in periodontal disease is also becoming popular. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of CRISPR‐Cas in oral microbes and their role in periodontal disease pathogenesis and precision periodontal therapy.
Unusual case of prurigo pigmentosa on the upper extremities in an adolescent female: A rare presentation
Authors: Kurmuş Gökçe Işıl , Elkıran Laden , Menteşoğlu Dilek , Ayva Ebru Şebnem , Kartal Selda Pelin
Published: September 2024

A 16‐year‐old girl developed prurigo pigmentosa (PP) following initiation of a ketogenic diet, presenting with pruritic, erythematous, and brownish papules exclusively on her upper extremities. Histopathological examination revealed mild spongiosis with perivascular neutrophilic and mononuclear cell infiltrate, confirming the diagnosis of PP. Treatment with oral doxycycline and discontinuation of the ketogenic diet led to lesion resolution within one month, with subsequent postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. This case highlights the rarity of PP presenting solely on the upper extremities in pediatric patients, expanding our understanding of this dermatological disease.
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria: A Case of Hepatic Failure and Angioedema Following Ferrous Sulfate Supplementation
Authors: Jorgaqi Etleva , Ezenne Karen , Brown Madeline , Zhou Albert E. , Khachemoune Amor
Published: September 2024

This report describes an unusual case of a young anemic female who experienced acute hepatic insufficiency and angioedema after ferrous sulfate consumption. Her primary diagnosis of congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) was revealed after a detailed dermatologic examination and laboratory data. The patient was treated with IV methylprednisolone along with red blood cell transfusion, vitamin supplementation, and wound care. Our case report emphasizes the importance of physician awareness of CEP since it is a rare disease that tends to mimic other chronic porphyrias, various drug reactions, and collagenopathies.
Temporal comparisons shape system justification processes
Authors: García Ferrés Eva A. , Van Berkel Laura , Baldwin Matthew , Lammers Joris
Published: September 2024

A central aspect of political conservatism is the notion that the system is fair. Political conservatives tend to defend the system more than do liberals. Here we test whether the link between political orientation and this system justification tendency depends on the comparisons people make across time. Across five studies, we found that the typically observed link between conservative (vs. liberal) political orientation and system justification is only observed when no temporal comparisons are made, or when the status quo is compared to a future alternative. However, this association is not observed when the status quo is compared to the past. Instead, when comparing the present to the past, the link between political orientation and system justification was blocked (Studies 1, 2, and 4) or even reversed (Study 3). Theoretically, these results connect the system justification literature to literature on temporal comparison and suggest that system justification is meaningfully influenced by comparisons processes.
To sandbox or not to sandbox? Diverging strategies of regulatory responses to FinTech
Authors: Raudla Ringa , Juuse Egert , Kuokštis Vytautas , Cepilovs Aleksandrs , Cipinys Vytenis , Ylönen Matti
Published: September 2024

A regulatory sandbox is an emerging tool for addressing the challenges posed by the FinTech industry, but countries have embraced it to varying degrees. There is a need to systematically examine the question: Which factors explain the diverging trajectories in countries' decision to use (or not use) this instrument? This paper examines the adoption of regulatory sandboxes for FinTech in the Baltic states, where we can observe markedly divergent trajectories. Estonia has not exploited the possibilities of this instrument, while Lithuania and Latvia adopted a regulatory sandbox in 2018 and 2021, respectively. We analyze the political, legal, administrative, and economic factors affecting the adoption (or non‐adoption) of regulatory sandboxes for FinTech. We find that the decision to adopt a regulatory sandbox for FinTech is primarily influenced by the efforts of policy entrepreneurs, mechanisms of policy diffusion, and the policy actors' perceptions of legal constraints and available regulatory capacities.
Combating foodborne disease through household food handling behavior improvement: A comparison between education and price interventions
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wang H. Holly , Bai Junfei
Published: September 2024

Foodborne disease cases are increasingly occurring in home kitchens because of improper food handling behavior. Human factors are considered major determinants of such behavior, although economic factors, which have attracted little attention, may also be important influencers. Taking the service time of kitchen towels as an example, we construct a theoretical model to analyze food handling behavior under an economic framework and empirically explore its economic determinants. Empirically, we use a randomized controlled trial (RCT) coupled with pre‐ and postsurveys in rural China. The RCT intervention includes information with tips for proper kitchen towel use and in‐kind subsidies of one, two, or three packs of kitchen towels, which is regarded as a price intervention. We find that information alone and information plus one pack of towels are not enough to stimulate behavior improvement, whereas information plus two or three packs is sufficient. This implies that the quantity of kitchen towels used increases only as the towel price drops below a certain threshold. As an early attempt, we indicate that food handling behavior is economically driven, suggesting that a well‐designed policy should combine educational campaigns and appropriate economic incentives to improve such behavior to reduce the risk of foodborne disease.
Multiple borders in one war: Constructing mental maps of Syrian refugees as threats
Authors: Skulte‐Ouaiss Jennifer , Diab Jasmin Lilian
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the intricate mechanisms by which states employ a complex network of competing and intersecting borders—both real and imagined—to delineate and perpetuate the image of Syrian refugees as security risks. Drawing upon insights from border studies, securitization theory, and framing analysis, we explore the nuanced processes of mental mapping and bordering within the context of the Syrian crisis. By scrutinizing the construction of these borders and mental maps, we highlight the deliberate state‐driven narrative that portrays Syrians as threats, emphasizing that such perceptions are not inherent but rather intentionally crafted. Our investigation sheds light on the state's agency in framing Syrians as threats, a narrative rarely challenged despite the multifaceted nature of the refugee crisis. Through an expanded discussion on historical, geopolitical, and socio‐cultural dimensions, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics underlying the portrayal of Syrian refugees as perennial security concerns.
Developing an instrument to measure Korean pre‐service teachers' understanding of language as an epistemic tool in mathematics education
Authors: Hwang Jihyun
Published: September 2024

This study adapted and validated an instrument to measure pre‐service teachers' understanding of language as an epistemic tool in mathematics education in South Korea. Initially validated for science education, the instrument was tailored for mathematics education and translated into Korean. The validation process included tests for content validity, substance validity through translation, and structural validity, affirming the instrument's efficacy in this new context. The rating scale model was employed to analyze raw response data and confirm a unidimensional model fit. To ensure the functional equivalence of translated items, rigorous domain reanalysis, translation, and back‐translation processes were implemented. A pilot study involving 215 Korean pre‐service teachers was conducted, yielding results that support the instrument's reliability and validity in measuring their understanding of language as an epistemic tool in mathematics. This adaptation provides a quantitative measure for this understanding and an example to revise the instrument for new contexts.
Is it useful to wash stored red blood cells in cardiopulmonary bypass priming fluid for neonatal cardiac surgery? A single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Wang He , Jin Yu , Gao Peng , Liu Jia , Wang Wenting , Zhang Peiyao , Liu Jinping
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives

Neonatal cardiac surgery requires careful consideration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) priming fluid composition due to small blood volume and immature physiology. This study investigated the impact of allogeneic stored red blood cells (RBCs) processed using an autotransfusion system in CPB priming fluid for neonates.

Materials and Methods

We compared perioperative parameters, inflammatory mediators, coagulation indicators, vasoactive‐inotropic score (VIS) and clinical outcomes between neonates receiving unwashed (n = 56) and washed (n = 45) RBCs in CPB priming fluid. Regression models were used to assess the independent association between RBC washing and patient outcomes.

Results

The autotransfusion system improved stored RBC quality. The washed group showed higher peak haematocrit (p < 0.01) and haemoglobin levels (p = 0.04) during CPB, an increased oxygen delivery index during rewarming (p < 0.05) and lower postoperative lactate levels and VIS (p < 0.05). Inflammatory (IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10) and coagulation parameters (D‐dimer, fibrinogen and fibrin degradation product) fluctuated compared with baseline but did not significantly differ between groups. The washed group had a lower incidence of hyperlactacidaemia and delayed sternal closure at CPB weaning.

Conclusions

Adding washed allogeneic stored RBCs to neonatal CPB priming fluid reduced postoperative lactate elevation and VIS without early improvement in the inflammatory and coagulation systems.
Repensar la misericordia: una lectura fenomenológica de la communio sanctorum en orígenes de Alejandría
Authors: Díaz González Wilson Alberto
Published: September 2024

Este texto surge de la intención de repensar la misericordia. Usualmente, concebida como atributo o don divino cuyos donatarios son los seres humanos, esta compresión del fenómeno, aunque llena de valor, parece entrañar ciertas dificultades. Cuando se trata de vivenciarla con las personas hostiles, o incluso quienes infligen el mal, la misericordia quedaría imbricada en la “obligatoriedad” de realización: el deber ser misericordiosos. No obstante, limitación abre el camino para considerar si la misericordia pudiera ser comprendida, ante todo, como experiencia del hombre sin más. La respuesta es afirmativa. La apuesta parte y pasa por la finitud humana, para después develar, bajo la figura del Hombre-Dios, modos inusitados de la misericordia que se viven en la tierra y en el cielo, entendidas estas categorías como formas de habitar el cuerpo crístico. Tanto la reflexión fenomenológica de Emmanuel Falque (1963-) como ciertos textos de la tradición teológica (Orígenes de Alejandría como precursor de la communio sanctorum) has permitido desarrollar dicha empresa, que refleja un intento de hacer teología al modo fenomenológico. Sean, pues, los lectores, hermanos en la carne y en la fe, quienes juzguen la pertinencia de dicha intención.
Shaking Up Activity Counts: Assessing the Comparability of Accelerometers and Activity Count Computation
Authors: Coyle-Asbil Hannah J. , Murphy Bernadette , Vallis Lori Ann
Published: September 2024

Accelerometers have been at the forefront of free-living activity capture for decades, and accordingly ActiGraph the largest distributor. Historically, limitations in data storage and battery power led to the use of summary metrics, which have been termed activity counts. Recently, ActiGraph publicly released their count-based algorithm, marking a notable development in the field. This study aimed to assess and compare activity counts generated through different processing techniques (ActiLife and open-source), filters that are available through ActiGraph count generation (normal- and low-frequency extension), and data from various ActiGraph models and GENEActiv devices. We evaluated ActiGraph GT3X+ (n = 8), ActiGraph wGT3X-BT (n = 10), ActiGraph GT9X (n = 8; primary and secondary sensors), OPAL (n = 6), and GENEActiv (n = 5), subjected to oscillations across their full dynamic range (0.005–8 G) using a multiaxis shaker table. Results indicated that the low-frequency extension produced significantly higher counts compared to the normal frequency across the devices and processing techniques. Notably, open-source counts (R and Python) were statistically equivalent to ActiLife-generated counts (p < .05) for the GT9X, wGT3X-BT, and the GT3X+. Overall, many of the counts generated by different ActiGraph models were statistically equivalent or had mean differences <5.03 counts. Conversely, the GENEActiv, OPAL, and GT9X secondary monitor exhibited significantly higher responses than the other ActiGraph models at higher frequencies with mean differences ranging from 55.50 to 104.91 counts. This study provides insights into accelerometer data processing methods and highlights the comparability of counts across different devices and techniques.
Genome sequences of 70 multidrug-resistant Gram-negative isolates in high-risk neonates in the Northeast of Mexico
Authors: Rodriguez-Orduña Lorena , Lara-Diaz Victor Javier , Alcorta-Garcia Mario René , Lopez-Villaseñor Claudia Nohemi , Licona-Cassani Cuauhtemoc
Published: September 2024

Infections by multidrug-resistant pathogens are steadily increasing worldwide. A considerable proportion of neonatal intensive care admissions have a bacterial infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria during their hospital stay. In this work, we report draft genome sequences of 70 selected isolates from high-risk neonates in the Northeast of Mexico.
eIF6
deficiency regulates gut microbiota, decreases systemic inflammation, and alleviates atherosclerosis
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Yang Shuai , Tong Linglin , Li Xin , Mao Weiyi , Yuan Honghua , Chen Yang , Zhang Shenyang , Zhang He , Chen Renjin
Published: September 2024

Altered composition of the gut microbiota affects immunity and metabolism. This study previously found that
eIF6
gene knockdown changes the composition of the intestinal flora in the
eIF6
gene knockdown mouse model.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
is significantly increased in the model. This study was designed to investigate the role of
L. acidophilus
in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Transcriptomic data from 117 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 79 healthy individuals were obtained.
ApoE
−/−
and
ApoE
−/−
/
eIF6
+/−
mice on normal chow diet or a high-fat diet were treated for 16 weeks;
eIF6
deficiency was evaluated atherosclerosis.
ApoE
−/−
mice on normal chow diet or a high-fat diet were treated with
L. acidophilus
by daily oral gavage for 16 weeks. Moreover, one group was treated with lipopolysaccharide at 12 weeks. The levels of
eIF6
,
RNASE3
, and
RSAD2
were notably higher in the patients with CAD than in the healthy individuals.
eIF6
deficiency altered the composition of gut microbiota.
eIF6
deficiency reduced the atherosclerotic lesion formation in
ApoE
−/−
/
eIF6
+/−
mice compared with the
ApoE
−/−
mice. The microbial sequencing and metabolomics analysis demonstrated some beneficial bacterial (
L. acidophilus
,
Ileibacterium
, and
Bifidobacterium
) and metabolic levels significantly had deference in
ApoE
−/−
/
eIF6
+/−
mice compared with the
ApoE
−/−
mice. Correlational studies indicated that
L. acidophilus
had close correlations with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lesion area, and necrotic area.
L. acidophilus
inhibited high-fat diet-induced inflammation and atherosclerotic lesion, increasing the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and claudin-1) and reducing the gut permeability. However, lipopolysaccharide reversed the protective effect of
L. acidophilus
against atherosclerosis.
eIF6
deficiency protected against atherosclerosis by regulating the composition of gut microbiota and metabolites.
L. acidophilus
attenuated atherosclerotic lesions by reducing inflammation and increasing gut permeability.

IMPORTANCE

eIF6
deficiency modulates the gut microbiota and multiple metabolites in atherosclerotic
ApoE

−/−

mice.
L. acidophilus
was reduced in the gut of atherosclerotic
ApoE

−/−

mice, but administration of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
reversed intestinal barrier dysfunction and vascular inflammation. Our findings suggest that targeting individual species is a beneficial therapeutic strategy to prevent inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Production of Positrons by Cosmic Rays
Authors: Dremin I. M. , Chernyshov D. O.
Published: September 2024

It is shown that electromagnetic interactions of cosmic ray protons provide a noticeable contribution to positrons production. This is due to a combination of low energy threshold of electron–positron pair creation compared to the thresholds of pion creation in strong interactions and rapid decrease of the cosmic rays energy spectrum. Moreover, the electromagnetically produced positrons are very soft, therefore their annihilation with background electrons directly produces the observed 511 keV gamma-line.
Role of medical regulators in physician wellness: leading or lagging? A brief report on physician wellness practices
Authors: Reijmerink Iris , van der Laan Maarten J , Dongelmans Dave , Cnossen Fokie , Leistikow Ian
Published: September 2024

Background

Physician wellness remains a growing concern, not only affecting the physicians’ quality of life but also the quality of care delivered. One of the core tasks of medical regulatory authorities (MRAs) is to supervise the quality and safety of care. This brief report aimed to evaluate the practices of MRAs regarding physician wellness and their views on residents as a high-risk group for decreased physician wellness.

Methods

A questionnaire was sent to MRAs worldwide, related to four topics: the identification of physician wellness as a risk factor for quality of care, data collection, interventions and the identification of residents as high risk for poor physician wellness. 26 responses were included.

Results

23 MRAs consider poor physician wellness a risk factor for quality of care, 10 collect data and 13 have instruments to improve physician wellness. Nine MRAs identify residents as a high-risk group for poor physician wellness. Seven MRAs feel no responsibility for physician wellness.

Conclusion

Although almost all MRAs see poor physician wellness as a risk factor, actively countering this risk does not yet appear to be common practice. Given their unique position within the healthcare regulatory framework, MRAs could help improve physician wellness.
Automated Interstitial Lung Abnormality Probability Prediction at CT: A Stepwise Machine Learning Approach in the Boston Lung Cancer Study
Authors: Hata Akinori , Aoyagi Kota , Hino Takuya , Kawagishi Masami , Wada Noriaki , Song Jiyeon , Wang Xinan , Valtchinov Vladimir I. , Nishino Mizuki , Muraguchi Yohei , Nakatsugawa Minoru , Koga Akihiro , Sugihara Naoki , Ozaki Masahiro , Hunninghake Gary M. , Tomiyama Noriyuki , Li Yi , Christiani David C. , Hatabu Hiroto
Published: September 2024

An automated interstitial lung abnormality identification model incorporating both a section inference model and a case inference model resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87.