bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of cellulose structure and properties using solid-state low-field H-NMR and photoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Csóka Levente , Csoka Worakan , Tirronen Ella , Nikolskaya Ekaterina , Hiltunen Yrjö , Ohtani Bunsho
Published: January 2025

In this study, we explore the structural intricacies of cellulose, a polymer composed of glucose monomers arranged in a linear chain, primarily investigated through solid-state NMR techniques. Specifically, we employ low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) to delve into the diverse hydrogen atom types within the cellulose molecule. The low-field H-NMR technique allows us to discern these hydrogen atoms based on their distinct chemical shifts, providing valuable insights into the various functional groups present in cellulose. Our focus extends to the examination of anomeric protons of glucose units and protons linked to carbon atoms engaged in glycosidic linkages within cellulose chains, which exist in diverse crystalline and amorphous forms. Solid-state low-field H-NMR spectroscopy aids in characterizing the crystallinity degrees and amorphous regions within cellulose, revealing time-dependent changes in free induction decay (FID) signals. Complementing this, we investigate the photo-absorption properties of cellulose fibers under both continuous and modulated irradiation using reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy (RDB-PAS). This photoacoustic approach allows us to observe ultraviolet- and visible light-induced processes, including electron trap filling and reductive changes on the fiber surface. Our findings suggest that RDB-PAS is a feasible method for estimating the electron trap distribution, serving as a potential measure of the density of crystalline cellulose defects. This integrated approach of combining solid-state low-field H-NMR and RDB-PAS techniques offers a comprehensive understanding of cellulose structure and properties, enhancing our ability to characterize its diverse features.
Evaluating energy consumption patterns in novel foamed ternary alkali-activated masonry blocks
Authors: Nandipati Sunil , Degloorkar Nikhil Kumar , Pullagura Gandhi , Barik Debabrata , Paramasivam Prabhu , Althaqafi Essam , Islam Saiful , Al-sareji Osamah J.
Published: January 2025

This study endeavors to tackle the energy requirements of the building sector by employing passive design strategies. However, there exists a dearth of comprehension regarding the energy efficiency performance of foamed alkali-activated materials. To bridge this research gap, the study proposes a solution in the form of a thermally proficient wall material crafted from ceramic tile dust (CTD), class C fly ash (FA), and Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS), all of which are industrial by-products. The foamed ternary alkali-activated (FTAA) blocks, developed as a result of this research, exhibited commendable performance in terms of mechanical strength of 18.6 MPa, lower density of 1200 kg/m3, porosity of 15.95%, lower specific heat capacity (SHC) of 831 J/(Kg·K), and thermal conductivity (TC) of 0.38 W/(m·K). The thermal efficiency of FTAA blocks curtails the transfer of heat from the external environment to the interior, thereby engendering a more agreeable indoor milieu for occupants. A simulation study utilizing the eQuest tool was executed to evaluate the thermal attributes of the developed blocks and their consequential impact on energy requirements. The findings revealed that in comparison to clay bricks, employing FTAA blocks could yield potential annual energy savings of approximately 4%. Furthermore, notable cost savings of about 4.94% during peak summer months and 5.51% annually were observed. The significance of utilizing these ternary blocks, derived from industrial waste, resides in their affirmative contribution to environmental preservation, augmented indoor thermal comfort, and diminished energy consumption for end users. Consequently, this research makes a meaningful stride towards diminishing operational energy in buildings, harmonizing with sustainability objectives.
Response of negative ion beamlet width and axis deflection to RF field in beam extraction region
Authors: Nagaoka Kenichi , Nakano Haruhisa , Hamajima Taiga , Nakamoto Ryoya , Tsumori Katsuyoshi , Osakabe Masaki , Kisaki Masashi , Miyamoto Kenji , Takahashi Kazunori , Fantz Ursel
Published: January 2025

Beam-divergence characteristics of single negative ion beamlet have been experimentally investigated with a superimposition of a controlled perturbation of a radio frequency wave (RF) field in a filament-arc discharge negative ion source. Oscillations of a negative-ion beamlet width and axis responding to the RF perturbation were observed, which may be a cause of the larger beam divergence angle of the RF negative ion source for ITER. It is pointed out that the oscillation of the beamlet width depends on the perveance and on an RF frequency such that the oscillation is suppressed at perveance-matched conditions and at low RF frequency.
Contribution of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha to pathogenesis of sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Raj Murthi Sarala , Petry Andreas , Shashikadze Bachuki , Stöckl Jan B. , Schmid Manuel , Santamaria Gianluca , Klingel Karin , Kračun Damir , Chen Xinpei , Bauer Sabine , Schmitt Joachim P. , Flenkenthaler Florian , Gorham Josh , Toepfer Christopher N. , Potěšil David , Hruška Pavel , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Mayer Zsuzsanna , Klop Mathieu , Lehmann Luisa , Qin Yishi , Papanakli Laura , Spielmann Nadine , Moretti Alessandra , Fröhlich Thomas , Ewert Peter , Holdenrieder Stefan , Seidman Jonathan G. , Seidman Christine E. , Görlach Agnes , Wolf Cordula M.
Published: January 2025

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) caused by autosomal-dominant mutations in genes coding for structural sarcomeric proteins, is the most common inherited heart disease. HCM is associated with myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and ventricular dysfunction. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (Hif-1α) is the central master regulators of cellular hypoxia response and associated with HCM. Yet its exact role remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the effect of a cardiomyocyte-specific Hif-1a knockout (cHif1aKO) was studied in an established α-MHC719/+ HCM mouse model that exhibits the classical features of human HCM. The results show that Hif-1α protein and HIF targets were upregulated in left ventricular tissue of α-MHC719/+ mice. Cardiomyocyte-specific abolishment of Hif-1a blunted the disease phenotype, as evidenced by decreased left ventricular wall thickness, reduced myocardial fibrosis, disordered SRX/DRX state and ROS production. cHif1aKO induced normalization of pro-hypertrophic and pro-fibrotic left ventricular remodeling signaling evidenced on whole transcriptome and proteomics analysis in α-MHC719/+ mice. Proteomics of serum samples from patients with early onset HCM revealed significant modulation of HIF. These results demonstrate that HIF signaling is involved in mouse and human HCM pathogenesis. Cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of Hif-1a attenuates disease phenotype in the mouse model. Targeting Hif-1α might serve as a therapeutic option to mitigate HCM disease progression.
Investigation of the optimum calcination temperature for water treatment plant sludge to develop a sustainable alkali activated concrete
Authors: Abdelhalim Jasmin Osama , Amer Ismail , Abdel Latif Ibrahim , Fawzy Ihab , Ismail Sayed , Khalaf Mohamed A.
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, Egypt is treating the Nile River Water to produce drinking water, and this process generates large amounts of waste, around 635 million m3 annually, which is called water treatment plant sludge (WTPS). This WTPS cost the government around 30 million US dollars to return it back to the Nile River in addition to negatively affecting the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find environmentally friendly alternatives that reduce the impact of such an issue. This paper focuses on treating WTPS by drying, grinding and calcining to develop it as an alternative binder for use in alkali-activated concrete. This approach would not only provide green construction material but also reveal an environmental disposal route for the sludge produced in Egypt or in any country has the same issue. The treatment methodology used in this study was based on finding the optimum calcination temperature regime for WTPS after drying and grinding. Fifteen specimens of WTPS powder were used to investigate the optimum calcination temperature and duration by applying different temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 800 °C for various exposure durations of 30, 60 and 90 min. XRD and Chapelle tests were employed to chemically investigate the efficiency of the obtained calcined WTPS specimens, while strength activity index and compressive strength tests were used to mechanically verify the findings of the chemical tests. The results indicated that the calcination regime, which involved applying a maximum temperature of 650 °C for 90 min, achieved the best chemical characteristics and a strength activity index of 145%. Moreover, this regime resulted in a compressive strength of 21 MPa when WTPS powder was used as a precursor in alkali-activated concrete. Additionally, this paper presented a brief comparison of the production cost and energy consumption between cement and WTPS. The comparison demonstrated the efficiency of using WTPS as a replacement for cement, showing that the production of WTPS costs 50% less and consumes 92% less energy than cement.
Discovery of a potential open ocean nursery for the endangered shortfin mako shark in a global fishing hotspot
Authors: Mucientes Gonzalo , Alonso-Fernández Alexandre , Vedor Marisa , Sims David W. , Queiroz Nuno
Published: January 2025

Populations of large pelagic sharks are declining worldwide due to overfishing. Determining the overlap between shark populations and fishing activities is important to inform conservation measures. However, for many threatened sharks the whereabouts of particularly vulnerable life-history stages – such as pregnant females and juveniles – are poorly known. Here, we investigated the spatial distribution of size classes, energy transfer and reproductive states of pregnant females of the endangered shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, using spatially resolved catch data from a Spanish surface longline vessel (1996 − 2009) in the South-east Pacific Ocean. Our results suggest a general eastward gradient of occurrence of pregnant females of thousands of kilometers from western oceanic feeding grounds towards the eastern Pacific, where we observed an aggregation area of small juveniles. Moreover, the potential nursery likely overlapped a longline fishing hotspot, increasing the vulnerability of juveniles from fisheries. Our results suggest that limiting fishing pressure in this area could reduce mortality of early life stages and contribute to the conservation of this endangered shark species.
Cortical changes associated with an anterior cruciate ligament injury may retrograde skilled kicking in football: preliminary EEG findings
Authors: Piskin Daghan , Cobani Gjergji , Lehmann Tim , Büchel Daniel , Baumeister Jochen
Published: January 2025

Anterior cruciate ligament injuries (ACLi) impact football players substantially leading to performance declines and premature career endings. Emerging evidence suggests that ACLi should be viewed not merely as peripheral injuries but as complex conditions with neurophysiological aspects. The objective of the present study was to compare kicking performance and associated cortical activity between injured and healthy players. Ten reconstructed and 15 healthy players performed a kicking task. Kicking biomechanics were recorded using wearable inertial measurement unit sensors. Cortical activity was captured with a 64-electrode mobile electroencephalography. Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis of biomechanics revealed increased variability in foot external rotation among injured players. Source-derived event-related spectral perturbations indicated significant differences in posterior alpha and frontal theta oscillations between the two groups. Furthermore, kick-related complexity of these regions as indexed by MSE was reduced in injured players at medium and coarse scales. Our findings suggest sensorimotor changes during kicking in injured players, which may necessitate compensatory strategies involving augmented attention at the cost of processing visuospatial information. This conflict may hinder the integration of task-relevant information across distributed networks. Our study provides preliminary insights into the neurophysiological implications of ACLi within football context and underscores the potential for prospective research.
Association of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s pathology and neurodegeneration with gait performance in older adults
Authors: Ali Farwa , Syrjanen Jeremy A. , Figdore Dan J. , Kremers Walter K. , Mielke Michelle M. , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Windham B. Gwen , Barnard Leland R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Algeciras-Schimnich Alicia
Published: January 2025

Background

Declining gait performance is seen in aging individuals, due to neural and systemic factors. Plasma biomarkers provide an accessible way to assess evolving brain changes; non-specific neurodegeneration (NfL, GFAP) or evolving Alzheimer’s disease (Aβ 42/40 ratio, P-Tau181).

Methods

In a population-based cohort of older adults, we evaluate the hypothesis that plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s Disease pathology are associated with worse gait performance. A sample of 2641 Mayo Clinic Study of Aging participants with measurements of plasma biomarkers and gait parameters was analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Linear regression models using plasma biomarkers as predictors of gait parameters and adjusted for age, sex, BMI, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and cognitive diagnosis were evaluated.

Results

In this study multiple statistically significant relationships are observed for GFAP, NfL, and P-Tau181 with gait parameters. Each standard deviation increase in GFAP, NfL, and P-Tau181 is associated with a reduction in velocity of 2.100 (95% CI: −3.004, −1.196; p = 5.4 × 10−6), 4.400 (−5.292, -3.507; p = 9.5 × 10−22), and 2.617 (−3.414, −1.819; p = 1.5 × 10−10) cm/sec, respectively. Overall, NfL has the strongest associations with poor gait performance. Models with age interactions show that the strength of associations between the plasma biomarkers and the gait parameters became stronger with increasing age. There are no specific gait parameters that associate with individual plasma biomarkers.

Conclusion

Plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s Disease pathology are not only markers of cognitive decline but also indicate motor decline in the aging population.
Epigenetic modifications and metabolic gene mutations drive resistance evolution in response to stimulatory antibiotics
Authors: Lin Hui , Wang Donglin , Wang Qiaojuan , Mao Jie , Yang Lutong , Bai Yaohui , Qu Jiuhui
Published: January 2025

The antibiotic resistance crisis, fueled by misuse and bacterial evolution, is a major global health threat. Traditional perspectives tie resistance to drug target mechanisms, viewing antibiotics as mere growth inhibitors. New insights revealed that low-dose antibiotics may also serve as signals, unexpectedly promoting bacterial growth. Yet, the development of resistance under these conditions remains unknown. Our study investigated resistance evolution under stimulatory antibiotics and uncovered new genetic mechanisms of resistance linked to metabolic remodeling. We documented a shift from a fast, reversible mechanism driven by methylation in central metabolic pathways to a slower, stable mechanism involving mutations in key metabolic genes. Both mechanisms contribute to a metabolic profile transition from glycolysis to rapid gluconeogenesis. In addition, our findings demonstrated that rising environmental temperatures associated with metabolic evolution accelerated this process, increasing the prevalence of metabolic gene mutations, albeit with a trade-off in interspecific fitness. These findings expand beyond the conventional understanding of resistance mechanisms, proposing a broader metabolic mechanism within the selective window of stimulatory sub-MIC antibiotics, particularly in the context of climate change.
Gut microbiota interact with breast cancer therapeutics to modulate efficacy
Authors: Arnone Alana A , Ansley Katherine , Heeke Arielle L , Howard-McNatt Marissa , Cook Katherine L
Published: January 2025

The gut microbiome, or the community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as an important factor in breast cancer etiology and treatment. Specifically, the impact of gut bacterial populations on breast cancer therapeutic outcomes is an emerging area of research. The microbiota’s role in modifying the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy and endocrine-targeting therapies can alter drug efficacy and toxicity profiles. In addition, the gut microbiome’s capacity to regulate systemic inflammation and immune responses may influence the effectiveness of both conventional and immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of breast cancer. Overall, while the bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiome and breast cancer therapies are still being studied, its impact is increasingly recognized. Future research may provide more definitive insights and help develop personalized therapeutic strategies to harness the microbiome to improve breast cancer treatment outcomes.
Characterization by LC-MS/MS analysis of KLH vaccine conjugated with a tick antigen peptide
Authors: Pousa Satomy , Ramos-Bermúdez Pablo E. , Besada Vladimir , Cabrales-Rico Ania , Guirola Cruz Osmany , Garay Hilda Elisa , Rodríguez-Mallón Alina , Zettl Katharina , Wiśniewski Jacek R. , González Luis Javier
Published: January 2025

Keyhole limpet haemocyanins (KLH1 and KLH2) from Megathura crenulata, are multi-subunit oxygen-carrying metalloproteins of approximately 3900 amino acids, that are widely used as carrier proteins in conjugate vaccines and in immunotherapy.
Thiadiazole-functionalized Pb(ii)-MOF for “turn-on” fluorescence selective sensing of Al3+
Authors: Zhang Hangchuan , Guo Jingpeng , Liu Lin , Yu Zhan , Wei Na
Published: January 2025

A novel 2D thiadiazole-functionalized Pb(ii)-MOF demonstrates high sensitivity, anti-interference and recyclable fluorescence “turn-on” sensing behaviors toward Al3+.
The promoting effect of Nb on Ni/SiO2 in the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derivatives to cycloalkanes
Authors: Lu Xiyue , Wang Hui , Liu Wei , Rehman Mooeez ur , Wang Lu , Xu Yan , Wang Shengnian , Zhao Yujun
Published: January 2025

The doping of niobium and the synergistic effect of Ni and acid sites promote the HDO of guaiacol. Ni0–NiNbOx/SiO2 is a potential catalyst for producing cycloalkanes from lignin-derived phenolic compounds.
Identification of dissipation pathways for pharmaceuticals in soils – a modelling approach
Authors: Boeckmann Matthias , Siemens Jan , Heyde Benjamin Justus , Zarfl Christiane
Published: January 2025

A model-based analysis of extraction data for pharmaceuticals in soils disentangles different dissipation pathways and quantifies the extraction bias.
Degradation of sulfur hexafluoride and its application in the synthesis of esters and amides
Authors: Chen Yifeng , Gu Shiyu , Zhao Yue , You Yi , Ma Fengxiang , Zhu Feng , Zhu Shan , Xie Lan-Gui
Published: January 2025

The reaction utilizing sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4) and thionyl fluoride (SOF2) generated from the photoredox catalytic reduction of the greenhouse gas SF6 to facilitate esterification and amidation of carboxylic acids is presented.
Construction of metal–organic framework ZIF-8-derived heterostructured ZnO/BiVO4 for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine
Authors: Tan Wei , Hu Guijuan , Tuo Limei , Zuo Weiyuan , Liu Qi , Tong Haijuan , Zhu Zhengjie , Shi Bingfang
Published: January 2025

A novel ZnO/BiVO4 heterojunction with a tight contact interface has been prepared to efficiently remove carbamazepine under simulated solar light irradiation. This work provides a new insight into optimizing Bi-based photocatalysts.
Easy quantitative sensing of herbicide glyphosate using portable smartphone integrated PVA/chitosan composite films
Authors: Nandini  , Sharma Onkar , Mittal Ashwani , Jose D. Amilan
Published: January 2025

The use of a very cheap sensing assay for the on-site monitoring of herbicide Glyphosate (Glyp) in aqueous media using a fluorescent off-the-shelf dye 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin is reported.
Template-free synthesis of a multilayer manganese oxide/graphene oxide nanoflake-modified carbon felt as an anode material for microbial fuel cells
Authors: Zeng Lizhen , Zhang Lixia
Published: January 2025

A novel multilayer nanoflake structure of γ-MnO2/GO, synthesized via a simple template-free chemical precipitation method, was employed to modify a carbon felt electrode as an anode material for achieving a high-performance microbial fuel cell.
Zirconium-mediated carbon–fluorine bond functionalisation through cyclohexyne “umpolung”
Authors: Bonfante Sara , Tanner Theo F. N. , Lorber Christian , Lynam Jason M. , Simonneau Antoine , Slattery John M.
Published: January 2025

Polarity reversal of cyclohexyne through its coordination to a metal center makes it capable of C–F bond activation.
Molecular mechanism of the effect of ZnCl2 and MgCl2 solution on the conformation of Tau267-312 monomer
Authors: Chen Yipeng , Yin Jiantao , Liu Yanhui , Huang Yue , Zong Wenjun , Tan Rongri
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease is generally believed to be caused by abnormal aggregation of tau protein, however, it remains scarce that people’s understanding of the aggregation process of tau protein in solvent...
Geometrically constrained cytoskeletal reorganisation modulates DNA nanostructures uptake
Authors: Elblová Petra , Andělová Hana , Lunova Mariia , Anthi Judita , Henry Skylar J.W. , Tu Xinyi , Dejneka Alexandr , Jirsa Milan , Stephanopoulos Nicholas , Lunov Oleg
Published: January 2025

DNA nanostructures (DNs) are promising for biomedical applications due to their programmability, easy synthesis, functionalization, and low toxicity. This study reveals how constrained cytoskeletal remodelling influences cellular uptake of DNs.
Introduction to the Forum: With Liberty and Social Justice for All: Part 1
Authors: Scott R. Danielle
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

The introduction provides background information about the
Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups
(SIG 1: Language Learning and Education) Forum: With Liberty and Social Justice for All: Part 1, and a preview of the articles published.
A new cryptosystem based on an enhanced Vigenere cipher incorporating large SBoxes
Authors: Chemlal Abdelhakim , Tabti Hassan , El Bourakkadi Hamid , Abid Abdellah , Jarjar Abdellatif , Benazzi Abdelhamid
Published: January 2025

The present paper explains the development of an innovative cryptographic system designed to encrypt color images at the pixel level. This technique relies on a significant enhancement of the conventional Vigenere method, incorporating the implementation of two large substitution tables generated from the widely used chaotic maps in cryptography. The system integrates new confusion/diffusion functions, governed by binary decision vectors of pseudorandom values. Simulations conducted on an arbitrary selection of images from a database demonstrate that our system can withstand all known attacks.
Comparative study of the performance of photovoltaic and photovoltaic thermal solar systems: Case study in El Jadida
Authors: El Alami Yassine , Ouerradi Fatima , Bounouar Said , Benhmida Mohammadi , Rhiat Mohammed , Benhala Bachir , Hirech Kamal , Baghaz Elhadi
Published: January 2025

The productivity of photovoltaic (PV) and photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems depends on environmental conditions and can vary considerably depending on the geographical area. In this study, we evaluated and compared the actual performance of a commercial water-based PVT system (PVT Dualsun Spring) with that of a PV system (PV Dualsun Flash) under the specific conditions of the city of El Jadida. The results show that the PVT system offers better performance than the PV system, mainly thanks to the cooling that reduces the temperature of the cells. When irradiance reaches a maximum of 1055.6 W/m2, the PVT system generates 3.92% more electrical power than the PV system. In addition, its electrical efficiency is 4.11% higher than that of the PV system.
Electronic and Optical Properties of Cl-doped CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskite: A DFT Study
Authors: Laassouli Abdelmounaim , Moulaoui Lhouceine , Najim Abdelhafid , Archi Marouane , Karouchi Mohamed , Rahmani Khalid , Lachtioui Youssef , Bajjou Omar
Published: January 2025

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged as promising materials for photovoltaic applications. This study investigates the impact of chlorine (Cl) doping on the electronic and optical properties of the perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 (MA-SnI3) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We explore Cl doping concentrations of 8.33%, 16.66%, and 25%, analyzing the resulting changes in bandgap, density of states, and absorption coefficient. DFT calculations reveal a significant reduction in the bandgap with increasing Cl concentration, shifting from 1.055 eV for the methylammonium tin iodide structure to 0.727 eV, 0.731 eV, and 0.792 eV for the doped structures, respectively. Analysis of the density of states highlights the influence of Cl on the electronic structure. Furthermore, the absorption coefficient increases within the visible range, suggesting enhanced light absorption capabilities. Our results are consistent with experimental observations, validating the accuracy of DFT as a tool for studying Cl-doped MA-SnI3 perovskites and providing insights into their potential for solar cell applications.
Comparative study of thermal performance indicators of five hollow bricks configurations
Authors: Alaoui Ahlam , Kadic Muamer , Guenneau Sébastien , Lahsaini Mohammed , Achaoui Younes
Published: January 2025

In every country on the globe, there are still actions to perform in order to improve buildings' energy efficiency, particularly in regions with severe weather conditions. Since walls are heat-dissipating elements in the building, designing them effectively can help reduce the energy consumption of the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems, which are notorious for using excessive amounts of energy. The use of self-insulating construction materials with relatively high thermal resistance and low transmittance is the most effective approach to achieve universal thermal insulation in all buildings. In order to enhance the thermal performance of red clay bricks, the present study evaluates several design approaches. Five configurations are assessed, namely the case of conventional bricks, the use of aluminum shields, low thermal emissivity coating, extruded polystyrene and air cavity partitioning. Finite element method based analysis in steady-state and transient conditions enabled the assessment of the effects of each technique and their classification according to thermal performance level.
A Model Predictive Control Strategy for improvement Performance in PV-Battery-Hydrogen DC Islanded Microgrid
Authors: Errakkas Khalid , Kissaoui Mohammed , Lajouad Rachid , El Magri Abdelmounime , Atifi Youness , Khayat Ahmed
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a new method for controlling Direct Current (DC) freestanding microgrids using Model Predictive Control (MPC). It focuses on integrating photovoltaic systems, battery storage, and hydrogen energy storage. The framework is designed to enhance operational efficiency and stability, especially in isolated or non-grid connected regions. The research uses simulation techniques and empirical data analysis to simulate various scenarios, revealing significant improvements in microgrid performance. The results show greater energy efficiency, and enhanced storage durability. The study suggests expanding the model to larger grid systems and adapting to different hybrid energy situations. This contributes to the development of more environmentally friendly and robust energy systems.
Numerical study of enhanced nanofluid heat transfer in an open cavity with heated obstacles using LBM
Authors: Makaoui Abdelilah , Lahmer El Bachir , Benhamou Jaouad , Moussaoui Mohammed Amine , Mezrhab Ahmed
Published: January 2025

This paper employs the lattice Boltzmann method to investigate the heat transfer properties of a nanofluid circulating within an open square cavity that contains three heated obstacles. The nanofluid is introduced into the system via a lower inlet and exits the system via an outlet located at the top of the opposite wall, flowing along the cavity walls. The study examines the effects of Reynolds number, nanoparticle size fraction and the orientation of the obstacles on both temperature distribution and the Nusselt number. The results indicate that the horizontal configuration of the barriers markedly enhances heat transfer in comparison to the vertical configuration. Furthermore, an increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles results in enhanced heat transfer, with improvements of 16.5% for the vertical configuration and 17.5% for the horizontal configuration at a nanoparticle concentration of 5%. It is noteworthy that there is a considerable increase of approximately 152.4% in the Nusselt number when the Reynolds number is increased from 100 to 500. This study highlights the pivotal role of nanoparticle concentration and obstacle orientation in optimising the thermal management of microfluidic devices and electronic cooling systems.
Indoor air quality in buildings: Assessment of exposure to enhanced natural radioactivity
Authors: Taoufiq Laila , Arrakhiz Fatimaezzahra , Guendouli El Mehdi , Chourak Mimoun
Published: January 2025

Our study aimed to assess air quality within buildings constructed with coal ash concrete, with a specific focus on radon measurement. Coal ash, a by-product of the TAQA Morocco thermal power plant. In this investigation, two concrete mixtures were prepared. It is possible that concrete produced from coal ash may contain elevated levels of radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas that could prove detrimental to human health, given that coal ash contains considerable quantities of radioactive elements. To this regard, two nuclear techniques were employed for analysis: high-resolution gamma spectrometry and alpha dosimetry based on the use of LR115 on the two concrete mixes. The equivalent radium activity (Raeq), internal (Hin) and external (Hex) risk indices, absorbed dose rate (Ḋ), annual effective dose (Ė) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were also calculated. The surface (ES) and mass (EM) radon exhalation rates were calculated for the analysed samples in order to assess the radiological risks resulting from the use of coal ash concrete.The results has revealed no evidence of any health risks to the general public, and therefore coal ash concrete can be used in construction projects.
Modelling and optimization of a machine production process: Buffer stock supply implementation and replenishment control
Authors: Elbaraka Saad , Mokhlis Salah-eddine , Barra Adil , Fouraiji Hicham
Published: January 2025

In the industry and logistic the production process is the sequence that aims to convert raw materials into finished or semi-finished products. It is identified as one of the most complex phases of the supply chain due to its close interdependence with other processes such as replenishment. In this perspective, the efficiency of the manufacturing process essentially relies on the decisions of the responsible operators for supplying machines with raw materials. These decisions do not ensure optimal operation efficiency. This document proposes a scientific study based on the modelling and control of the production process in a smart industry perspective. Initially, one will present a modelling of the manufacturing system conceptualized as an industrial machine, as well as the replenishment policy, that will be conceived as a control loop tuning the raw material supplies quantities into the production machine following a proposed architecture.

We will then proceed to simulate this scenario using the Simulink interface to identify the most influential parameters and improve them.
Efficiency and Precision of Welding Process for the Automotive Parts
Authors: Dumitrascu Dorin-Ion , Rusu Alexandru-Nicolae , Dumitrascu Adela-Eliza
Published: January 2025

In this article it is detailed the welding techniques applied in the automotive industry, highlighting how these methods contribute to improved efficiency and precision in manufacturing processes. By utilizing advanced technologies and high-performance materials, hot element welding ensures durable and high-quality connections essential for the production of modern vehicles. However, the specific innovation of this study lies in the detailed analysis of process parameters and their optimization for automotive applications, particularly airbag component manufacturing, providing quantified improvements in joint strength and quality. This approach ensures both efficiency and precision are maximized in high-stress automotive environments. By the statistically point of view, the aim of the study is to analyze the results of compression test. Specific results of compression tests show that the welding process described delivers significant improvements in mechanical properties. The results test for specific hot element welding highlight the processing automotive products and providing superior solutions to industry challenges. The test results also demonstrate enhanced durability and reliability when compared to conventional welding techniques. In conclusion, hot element welding is revolutionizing alternative of the automotive industry, offering efficient and precise methods for modern components of vehicle production. By adopting these advanced techniques, it was achieved new standards of quality and durability.
Analysis and Optimization of Hydraulic Calibration for Maximum Performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Qabbou Nour-eddine , Khomsi Driss , Hassani Naoual Semlali Aouragh
Published: January 2025

The hydraulic calibration of treatment units in wastewater treatment plants is a crucial task. It involves demonstrating the relative placement of these various units in relation to the water line that traverses the plant, and helps indicate the ground surface for establishing the optimal elevations of the plant's structures and hydraulic controls. This process is meticulous, complex, and prone to errors. Special attention must be given to the issue of varying hydraulic loads that the plant will receive, particularly at the inlet. Such variations can disrupt hydraulic operation and negatively impact the plant's performance. For these reasons, the hydraulic calibration of treatment units must always be verified and analyzed for most of the common hydraulic constraints encountered in practice. This article focuses on the different types of flow and their regimes commonly found in wastewater treatment plants, and aims to guide users on how to optimize the hydraulic profile. It highlights the impact of head losses and integrates a range of potential alternatives for achieving hydraulic efficiency in a wastewater treatment plant.
Comparative Study of Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization for Flexible Power Point Tracking in Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading
Authors: Ouatman Hamid , Boutammachte Nour-Eddine
Published: January 2025

This study conducts a comparative analysis of Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for Flexible Power Point Tracking (FPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The GA-based FPPT algorithm exhibits superior performance in power output, tracking accuracy, and convergence speed compared to conventional methods. In contrast, the PSO-based FPPT algorithm is designed to mitigate oscillations around steady-state operating points under partial shading conditions (PSC) by incorporating power limitation control. This allows the FPPT-PSO algorithm to effectively track the global maximum power point (GMPP) without fluctuating around steady-state points. The findings of this comparative analysis highlight the significance of adaptive FPPT algorithms in enhancing system reliability and maximizing power extraction under dynamic environmental conditions. The GA-based approach excels in optimizing power generation metrics, while the PSO-based approach specializes in maintaining stability and precision under challenging operational scenarios such as partial shading. By exploring the strengths and limitations of each algorithm, this study provides valuable in-sights into the selection and implementation of FPPT strategies in PV systems.
Performance Enhancement of a Solar Photovoltaic System with Differential Evolution-Optimized Quasi Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Rizki Habiba , Boufounas El-Mahjoub , El Amrani Aumeur , El Amraoui Mohamed , Bejjit Lahcen
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a novel approach to enhancing the performance of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system by integrating a Differential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm into the design of a Quasi Sliding Mode Controller (QSMC). The proposed method aims to address the challenges associated with Conventional Sliding Mode Control (CSMC), such as chattering and suboptimal tracking accuracy, which can significantly impact the stability and efficiency of PV systems. Simulation results show that the DE-optimized QSMC reduces tracking error to 0.05 V, while conventional SMC results in a tracking error of 0.15 V. Chattering amplitude is also significantly reduced, from 0.12 A to 0.03 A and the response time is improved from 0.8 seconds to 0.5 seconds. By leveraging the robustness of QSMC and the flexibility of DE, the DE-QSMC is fine-tuned to minimize tracking errors, reduce chattering, and maintain optimal performance under varying environmental conditions. The stability of the proposed technique is rigorously analyzed using the Lyapunov function theorem, ensuring robust system behavior. The effectiveness of the DE-optimized QSMC is validated through simulations conducted on the Matlab platform, demonstrating superior performance compared to conventional control techniques.
Advancements and Challenges in Electric Vehicle Battery Charging: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dhanadhya Trupti , Kadam Swaraj , Prasad Shashikant , Vaidya Harshal
Published: January 2025

Electric vehicles (EVs) stand out as more efficient in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and safeguarding the environment compared to their fuel-powered counterparts. Consequently, as they find broader applications in the transportation industry, their significance continues to grow. The impending reality of widespread EV adoption is evident as their usage increases daily. In the shift towards the electronic revolution within the automotive sector, the manner in which EVs are charged becomes a pivotal concern. This comprehensive review examines recent advancements and persistent challenges in EV battery charging technologies. The paper analyzes various charging methodologies, including conductive, inductive, and battery swapping systems, evaluating their technical characteristics, implementation challenges, and impact on charging infrastructure. Key developments in fast-charging protocols, wireless power transfer efficiency, and smart grid integration are discussed. Critical challenges addressed include charging time optimization, infrastructure scalability, standardization issues, and grid stability concerns. The review also explores emerging technologies such as dynamic wireless charging and along with their potential impact on future EV adoption. Finally, the paper identifies research gaps and suggests future directions for improving EV charging technologies. This systematic review provides valuable insights for researchers, industry practitioners, and policymakers working towards advancing sustainable transportation solutions.
Mobile Application Utilizing YOLOv8 for Real-Time Urban Traffic Data Collection
Authors: Charef Ayoub , Jarir Zahi , Quafafou Mohamed
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a pioneering mobile application specifically designed to revolutionize the collection of urban traffic data. The application is engineered on the robust YOLOv8 platform for mobile devices, leveraging smartphone cameras to provide real-time observations of traffic conditions and vehicle counts with a notable accuracy of 93%. The development environment includes Java Android, enhancing the app with cutting-edge functionalities such as YOLOv8 for precise vehicle type detection and Deep Sort for effective vehicle counting. Despite achieving high accuracy, the application encounters difficulties in accurately detecting motorcycles, which are often hidden behind larger vehicles. This research not only demonstrates the effectiveness of a sophisticated tool for traffic data analysis but also emphasizes the essential need for continuous improvements to tackle practical challenges encountered in urban settings. The findings signify a major progression in urban mobility research and advocate for advanced traffic management and planning strategies.
Towards Fault Detection in Industrial Equipment through Energy Consumption Analysis: Integrating Machine Learning and Statistical Methods
Authors: Baddou Nada , Dadda Afaf , Rzine Bouchra , Hmamed Hala
Published: January 2025

Accurately forecasting the energy consumption of industrial equipment and linking these forecasts to equipment health has become essential in modern manufacturing. This capability is crucial for advancing predictive maintenance strategies to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we propose a hybrid model that combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for energy consumption prediction with a statistical change-point detection algorithm to identify significant shifts in consumption patterns. These shifts are then correlated with the equipment’s health status, providing a comprehensive overview of energy usage and potential failure points. In our case study, we began by evaluating the prediction model to confirm the performance of LSTM, comparing it with several machine learning models commonly used in the literature, such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and GRU. After assessing different loss functions, the LSTM model achieved the strongest prediction accuracy, with an RMSE of 0.07, an MAE of 0.0188, and an R2 of 92.7%. The second part of the model, which focuses on detecting change points in consumption patterns, was evaluated by testing several cost functions combined with binary segmentation and dynamic programming. Applied to a real-world case, it successfully detected a change point two months before equipment failure, offering the potential to reduce energy consumption by 27,052 kWh. This framework not only clarifies the relationship between equipment health and CO2 emissions but also provides actionable insights into emission reduction, contributing to both economic and environmental sustainability.
Energy management in autonomous hybrid electric vehicles: A review
Authors: Abid H. , Kissaoui M. , Raihani A. , Zaggaf M.H.
Published: January 2025

Hybrid electric vehicles represent a critical step toward sustainable automotive technology. The integration of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems introduces complex challenges in energy demand and management, making Energy Management Systems crucial for optimizing this integration and ensuring overall vehicle efficiency. This review aims to explore the variety of EMS approaches used in HEVs, focusing on their role in managing the heightened energy requirements introduced by ADAS components. The paper examines EMS configurations and their effectiveness in allocating and controlling energy from diverse sources such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. The review also highlights the importance of innovative management techniques that adapt to variable power requirements and driving conditions influenced by ADAS. EMS are shown to be instrumental in enhancing the operational efficiency of HEVs. They are essential for accommodating the fluctuating energy demands of ADAS, which can significantly elevate the vehicle’s overall energy consumption. EMS are vital for advancing HEVs, ensuring that these vehicles not only meet the complex energy demands of ADAS but also achieve environmental sustainability goals.
Unveiling the Multifaceted Nature of Sr2FeMoO6 Double Perovskites: Insights into Electronic and Optical Properties
Authors: Hajjami Manal , Oublkacem Ali , Benhouria Younes
Published: January 2025

In this study, an investigation of the intricate electronic and optical properties of the double perovskite compound Sr2FeMoO6 is conducted. In order to gain insight into its electronic structure, calculations are performed using the density functional theory (DFT) approach integrated into the Quantum Espresso software package. The results of these calculations reveal that the compound exhibits distinct behaviour as a direct bandgap semiconductor for both spin directions. An in-depth analysis of the dielectric function provides crucial insights into the optical absorption characteristics. At zero energy, the anticipated static dielectric constant for Sr2FeMoO6 is 6:16. The imaginary component, representing the energy absorbed by the compound as it is passed through by light, has a calculated maximum value of ε2(ω) at 1:81eV. These findings enhance our comprehension of Sr2FeMoO6 and facilitate the exploration of novel applications in advanced optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices. This research significantly contributes to the broader field of materials science and solid-state physics, providing valuable insights for future research endeavours.
A Comparative Study on State of Charge Estimation using EKF and IEKF
Authors: Derouech Yassine , Mesbahi Abdelouahed
Published: January 2025

The nature of the “Portable Intelligent Micro Device for Hemodialysis” system requires a mobile electrical energy source capable of providing the essential power for efficient system operation. A battery with a management system can ensure this operation, the first target is to model the battery with a simple model capable of combining the various internal and external parameters that can affect battery behavior, then we develop the equations required to compose the two filters “Extended Kalman Filter” and “Invariant Extended Kalman Filter” in order to guarantee the estimation of the state of charge, which is a key element for the desired operation, and finally a MATLAB/Simulink simulation to compare the two filters, which reveals the IEKF filter’s performance in terms of stability and precision.