bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real world effectiveness of Hawthorn special extract WS 1442 in a retrospective cohort study from Germany
Authors: Wyss Christophe , Gündling Peter W. , Kostev Karel
Published: October 2024

Hawthorn special extract WS 1442 has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Experimental studies have shown an antiarrhythmic effect of the substance. In the present study, we investigated antiarrhythmic effects of WS 1442 compared with magnesium/potassium in a large collective of outpatients. Using the IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database, we included 4550 patients with a prescription of WS 1442 and 4550 matched patients with Tromcardin prescriptions (all registered products under the trademark Tromcardin that are magnesium and potassium supplementing foods for special medical purposes) who were followed for 5 years after the index date. The incidence of various cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF), tachycardia, and other cardiac arrhythmias) was recorded. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the potential association between both drugs and arrhythmias. The cumulative incidence of atrial fibrillation and flutter was significantly lower among patients with a prescription of WS 1442 compared to patients with magnesium/potassium prescriptions (10.8% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.001). WS 1442 prescription was significantly associated with a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation and flutter compared to magnesium/potassium (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.64–0.80; p < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of tachycardia was significantly lower in the WS 1442 group compared to the magnesium/potassium group (8.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001), similarly, the cumulative incidence of other cardiac arrhythmias was significantly lower among patients with WS 1442 compared to patients with magnesium/potassium (10.2% vs. 14.8%, p < 0.001). This study showed that in a large collective of outpatients, intake of hawthorn special extract WS 1442 was associated with a significantly lower incidence of atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, and other cardiac arrhythmias compared to magnesium/potassium, indicating its potential in treating and preventing such conditions.
Myopic shift in female mice after ovariectomy
Authors: Zhang Yan , Mori Kiwako , Jeong Heonuk , Chen Junhan , Liang Yifan , Negishi Kazuno , Tsubota Kazuo , Kurihara Toshihide
Published: October 2024

Myopia is a global public health concern, with a higher prevalence in women than that in male. As the relationship between sex hormone and myopia remains unclear, we aimed to reveal the relationship between sex hormone and myopia by removing the ovaries of mice and measuring changes in ocular parameters related to myopia. Lens-induced myopia (LIM) surgeries were performed on 3-week-old male mice and age-matched female mice to evaluate the effects of sex on myopia development, which indicated a high degree of myopia and rapid progression of axial elongation in male mice. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) performed on 4-week-old female mice induced myopic refraction status in ovariectomized mice. Although axial length elongation was larger in ovariectomized mice than that in sham control mice, the result was insignificant. To further reveal the relationship between female sex hormones and myopia, LIM combined with OVX was performed, which revealed a magnified myopic refraction status in ovariectomized mice. Nevertheless, elongation of the anterior chamber depth in the − 30 D lens-treated eyes significantly increased in LIM + OVX mice compared with the frame-treated eyes in LIM + OVX mice and − 30 D lens-treated eyes in LIM + Sham surgery mice. Sex hormones play a role in regulating myopia development in female mice.
Spin-wave mode coupling in the presence of the demagnetizing field in cobalt-permalloy magnonic crystals
Authors: Mamica S.
Published: October 2024

We present the results of studies on the non-uniform frequency shift of spin wave spectrum in a two-dimensional magnonic crystal of cobalt/permalloy under the influence of external magnetic field changes. We investigate the phenomenon of coupling of modes and, as a consequence, their hybridization. By taking advantage of the fact that compressing the crystal structure along the direction of the external magnetic field leads to an enhancement of the demagnetizing field, we analyse its effect on the frequency shift of individual modes depending on their concentration in Co. We show that the consequence of this enhancement is a shift in the coupling of modes towards higher magnetic fields. This provides a potential opportunity to design which pairs of modes and in what range of fields hybridization will occur.
Targeting IGF-IR improves neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancers with low IGFBP7 expression
Authors: Godina Christopher , Pollak Michael N. , Jernström Helena
Published: October 2024

There has been a long-standing interest in targeting the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling system in breast cancer due to its key role in neoplastic proliferation and survival. However, no IGF-1R targeting agent has shown substantial clinical benefit in controlled phase 3 trials, and no biomarker has been shown to have clinical utility in the prediction of benefit from an IGF-1R targeting agent. IGFBP7 is an atypical insulin-like growth factor binding protein as it has a higher affinity for the IGF-1R than IGF ligands. We report that low IGFBP7 gene expression identifies a subset of breast cancers for which the addition of ganitumab, an anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, substantially improved the pathological complete response rate compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone. The pCR rate in the chemotherapy plus ganitumab arm was 46.9% in patients in the lowest quartile of IGFBP7 expression, in contrast to only 5.6% in the highest quartile. Furthermore, high IGFBP7 expression predicted increased distant metastasis risk. If our findings are confirmed, decisions to halt the development of IGF-1R targeting drugs, which were based on disappointing results of prior trials that did not use predictive biomarkers, should be reviewed.
Identification of DNA methylation markers for age and Bovine Respiratory Disease in dairy cattle: A pilot study based on Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing
Authors: Attree E. , Griffiths B. , Panchal K. , Xia D. , Werling D. , Banos G. , Oikonomou G. , Psifidi A.
Published: October 2024

Methylation profiles of animals are known to differ by age and disease status. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), a complex infectious disease, primarily affects calves and has significant impact on animal welfare and the cattle industry, due to production losses, increased veterinary costs as well as animal losses. BRD susceptibility is multifactorial, influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. We have performed a pilot study to investigate the epigenetic profile of BRD susceptibility in six calves (three healthy versus three diagnosed with BRD) and age-related methylation differences between healthy calves and adult dairy cows (three calves versus four adult cows) using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS). We identified 2537 genes within differentially methylated regions between calves and adults. Functional analysis revealed enrichment of developmental pathways including cell fate commitment and tissue morphogenesis. Between healthy and BRD affected calves, 964 genes were identified within differentially methylated regions. Immune and vasculature regulatory pathways were enriched and key candidates in BRD susceptibility involved in complement cascade regulation, vasoconstriction and respiratory cilia structure and function were identified. Further studies with a greater sample size are needed to validate these findings and formulate integration into breeding programmes aiming to increase animal longevity and disease resistance.
3D anatomy of the Cretaceous–Paleogene age Nadir Crater
Authors: Nicholson Uisdean , Powell William , Gulick Sean , Kenkmann Thomas , Bray Veronica J. , Duarte Debora , Collins Gareth S.
Published: October 2024

The Nadir Crater offshore West Africa is a recently proposed near K-Pg impact structure identified on 2D seismic. Here we present 3D seismic data that image this crater in exceptional detail, unique for any such structure, which demonstrates beyond reasonable doubt that the crater-forming mechanism was a hypervelocity impact. Seismic mapping reveals a near-circular crater rim of 9.2 km and an outer brim of ~23 km diameter defined by concentric normal faults. An extended damage zone is evident across the region, well beyond the perceived limit of subsurface deformation for impact craters, except in a ‘sheltered zone’ to the east. The paleo-seabed shows evidence for widespread liquefaction because of seismic shaking, and scars and gullies formed by tsunami wave propagation and resurge. Deformation within the ~425 m high stratigraphic uplift and annular moat allows us to reconstruct the evolution of the crater, with radial thrusts at the periphery of the uplift suggesting a low-angle impact from the east. Structural relationships are used to reconstruct the deformation processes during the crater modification stage, with the central uplift forming first, followed by centripetal flow of surrounding sediments into the evacuated crater floor in the seconds to minutes after impact.
The quercetin metabolite 4-methylcatechol causes vasodilation via voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels
Authors: Dias Patrícia , Salam Rudy , Pourová Jana , Vopršalová Marie , Konečný Lukáš , Jirkovský Eduard , Duintjer Tebbens Jurjen , Mladěnka Přemysl
Published: October 2024

One of important metabolites of dietary polyphenols is 4-methylcatechol (4-MC). This compounds causes vasodilation likely due to an effect on voltage-dependent potassium channels (KV) as suggested by our ex vivo and in silico docking study.
DNAzyme-mediated fluorescence signal variation of DNA-Ag nanoclusters and construction of an aptasensor for ATP
Authors: Cai Shixin , Li Mingrui , Hu Xinqi , Gui Shuhua , Li Menglu , Zhang Yuting , Wang Xiaoli , Zhou Nandi
Published: October 2024

ATP can be quantified based on the variation of the fluorescence intensity of DNA-AgNCs, caused by the structural change upon cleavage by DNAzyme.
Reversible uncompetitive inhibition of metal–organic framework nanozymes: specific colorimetric assay of methidathion without enzymes
Authors: Chen Haiying , Zhang Xin , Gao Weimin , Huang Baojian , Han Lei
Published: October 2024

The discovery of the methidathion-specific recognition element (Fe-MOF nanozyme) realizes the highly selective and enzyme-free colorimetric assay of an organophosphorus pesticide.
Fundamental data for modeling electron-induced processes in plasma remediation of perfluoroalkyl substances
Authors: Sapunar Marin , Meyer Mackenzie , Ambalampitiya Harindranath B. , Kushner Mark J. , Mašín Zdeněk
Published: October 2024

PFAS degradation in a plasma is modeled by combining calculations of electron impact excitation cross sections and molecular decomposition pathways in a 0-dimensional plasma chemistry model.
A new homologous series of semi-conducting liquid crystals based on phenyl-anthracene: synthesis and effect of the alkyloxy terminal chain on charge transport and photoconductive properties
Authors: Moghnieh A. , Danjou P.-E. , Boussoualem Y. , Ferchichi K. , Daoudi A.
Published: October 2024

Liquid crystal field-effect transistor (LC-FET) based n-OPIA materials showed efficient electrical parameters and interesting photoconductive properties.
Uncovering the reduction mechanism of Np(vi) with N,N-diethyl hydroxylamine: a scalar-relativistic DFT investigation
Authors: Huang Xin , Li Xiaobo , Wu Qunyan , Wang Congzhi , Lan Jianhui , Wang Hongqing , Shi Weiqun
Published: October 2024

We investigated the reduction mechanism of Np(vi) by DEHA using scalar-relativistic density functional theory and elucidated the reduction nature via outer-sphere electron transfer or hydrogen atom transfer in the four stages.
From cyclotrons to chromatography and beyond: a guide to the production and purification of theranostic radiometals
Authors: McNeil Brooke L. , Ramogida Caterina F.
Published: October 2024

This tutorial review explores the fundamentals and applications behind the production and purification of radiometals in the burgeoning field of radio-theranostics.
Techno-economic assessment of different small-scale electrochemical NH3 production plants
Authors: Izelaar Boaz , Ramdin Mahinder , Vlierboom Alexander , Pérez-Fortes Mar , van der Slikke Deanne , Sajeev Kumar Asvin , de Jong Wiebren , Mulder Fokko M. , Kortlever Ruud
Published: October 2024

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis holds promise for sustainable ammonia production. Here, we compare process models and techno-economic assessments for small scale electrochemical NH3 production plants to electrified and SMR Haber–Bosch processes.
The resilience of constructed wetlands treating greywater: the effect of operating conditions and seasonal temperature decline
Authors: Perdana Mayang Christy , Sochacki Adam , Çömez Fatma Öykü , Silva Adrián M. T. , Tiritan Maria E. , Berchová Kateřina , Chval Zdeněk , Lexa Martin , Ren Tongxin , Beesley Luke , Ribeiro Ana R. L. , Vymazal Jan
Published: October 2024

Implications: unaerated biofilters with sand and plants offer the highest performance and resilience.
Mg separation from samples with very high Ca/Mg ratios for Mg isotope analysis
Authors: Keller Niklas , Tatzel Michael
Published: October 2024

We present an efficient method to separate Mg from samples with high Ca/Mg matrices for the analysis of Mg isotope ratios. By utilising the automated sample purification system prepFAST, the labour is substantially minimised.
Integrated electro- and chemical characterization of sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes
Authors: Li Yuanshun , Lehmann Michelle , Cheng Lei , Zawodzinski Thomas A , Nanda Jagjit , Yang Guang
Published: October 2024

This review elaborates on the electrochemical characterization methods essential for the advancement sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes for lithium metal batteries, with a focus on the integration of spectroscopic tools like Raman spectroscopy.
Enhancing thermometric precision: modulating the temperature of maximum sensitivity via erbium dopant addition in Ba2GdV3O11:Tm3+/Yb3+ nano phosphors
Authors: Kachou Ikhlas , Saidi Kamel , Hernández-Álvarez Christian , Dammak Mohamed , Martín Inocencio R.
Published: October 2024

Enhancing thermometric precision: modulating the temperature of maximum sensitivity via erbium dopant addition in Ba2GdV3O11 nano phosphors: Tm3+/Yb3+.
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic strategies involving traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Li Shutang , Yang Jinfei
Published: October 2024

As research on AD has progressed, TCM and its active ingredients have increasingly played a crucial role in clinical treatment. This article summarizes extracts from TCM and briefly elucidates their pharmacological mechanisms against AD.
Ultrahigh-throughput cross-flow filtration of solution-processed 2D materials enabled by porous ceramic membranes
Authors: Diaz-Arauzo Santiago , Downing Julia R. , Tsai Daphne , Trost Jenna , Hui Janan , Donahue Kevin , Antonopoulos Nick , Chaney Lindsay E. , Dunn Jennifer B. , Hersam Mark C.
Published: October 2024

Cross-flow filtration using porous ceramic membranes enables high-throughput and energy-efficient production of printable graphene inks for high-performance flexible electronic applications.
Photoinduced charge separation at heterojunctions between two-dimensional layered materials and small organic molecules
Authors: Imahori Hiroshi , Akiyama Midori
Published: October 2024

p–n heterojunctions between 2D layered materials and organic molecules have been developed for better understanding of photoinduced charge separation mechanism and optoelectronics applications (e.g., solar cells).
Heck reaction between free base 2-Br-porphyrin and vinyl-ferrocene derivatives. Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterisation of β-functionalised alpha and trans-vinyl-ferrocene porphyrin derivatives. A comparative study
Authors: Demingo Miriam , Lembo Angelo , Petrella Greta , Gontrani Lorenzo , Limosani Francesca , Arrigoni Giorgio , Carbone Marilena , Cicero Daniel O. , Tagliatesta Pietro
Published: October 2024

Ferrocene–porphyrin dyads, obtained under new Heck cross-coupling reaction conditions, showed photophysical properties useful for fluorescence redox switches or combined chemodynamic and photodynamic agents.
ZnO2–SnO2: a new, efficient heterojunction composite for the rapid and enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye and moxifloxacin under UV irradiation and sunlight
Authors: Manzoor Ishtiaq , R. Vijayaraghavan
Published: October 2024

A new heterojunction of ZnO2–SnO2 is reported for the first time. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared composite-catalyst is superior to its individual components. The ˙OH radical plays a major role in the degradation of contaminants.
Efficient peroxymonosulfate activation by microscale CuO coated melamine–cyanuric acid supramolecular assembly toward tetracycline degradation
Authors: Shao Ziru , Zhang Shuangfei , Shi Yonghong , Wu Deyong
Published: October 2024

CuO/MCSA with less than 3.0 wt% CuO can fully utilize the active sites of CuO to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for water decontamination.
Tunable hybridized plasmons–phonons in a graphene/mica-nanofilm heterostructure
Authors: Qin Yaling , Liu Min , Teng Hanchao , Chen Na , Wu Chenchen , Jiang Chengyu , Xue Zhuoxin , Zhu Hualong , Gui Jiayi , Liu Xiang , Xiao Yuchuan , Hu Hai
Published: October 2024

A van der Waals heterostructure of graphene nanoribbons and mica nano-films enabled the hybridization of graphene plasmons and mica phonons, creating a new hybrid polariton mode with high-efficiency electrical tunability and a long lifetime.
Exploring nitrogen-mediated effects on Fe and Cu cluster development in graphene: a DFT study
Authors: Alvarado-Leal L. A. , Paez-Ornelas J. I. , Ruiz-Robles M. A. , Guerrero-Sánchez J. , Romo-Herrera J. M. , Fernández-Escamilla H. N. , Takeuchi Noboru , Perez-Tijerina E. G.
Published: October 2024

The controlled growth and stability of transition metal clusters on N-doped materials have become the subject of intense investigation for unveiling comprehension on the cluster growth evolution.
Graphene oxide-based materials as proton-conducting membranes for electrochemical applications
Authors: Moonnee Itthipon , Ahmad Muhammad Sohail , Inomata Yusuke , Kiatkittipong Worapon , Kida Tetsuya
Published: October 2024

The functionalization and proton transfer characteristics of graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes have been investigated, highlighting their potential and advancements in numerous electrochemical applications.
Fine-tuning of core–shell 1D nanoparticles for thermally conductive, yet electrically insulating, 3D-printable polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Bodin Antoine , Pietri Thomas , Celle Caroline , Simonato Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2024

Core–shell nanostructures are particularly interesting for the development of dual-property nanofillers for nanocomposites.
Elementary processes in ternary solar cells
Authors: Pizza Teodoro , Landi Alessandro , Ambrosio Francesco , Capobianco Amedeo , Peluso Andrea
Published: October 2024

We analyze photophysical processes in ternary organic solar cells, integrating molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics. Our results highlight the need for accurate modeling to predict how even small changes in the materials affect the performances.
Correlation between the horizontal transition dipole moment and luminescence properties of dopants in organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Hai , Tang Yingqi , Lim Jong Hyeon , Li Nannan , Lee Hyo Sug , Lee Jin Yong
Published: October 2024

MD simulations provide molecular horizontal transition dipole moments and intermolecular van der Waals interactions, while TD-DFT provides emitters’ luminescence properties, which can be used to screen for promising OLED materials.
Exploring N-centered umpolung reactivity in photoredox-catalyzed amidation with an α-iminoester
Authors: Mistry Parag , Das Subhankar , Patra Rik , Chatterjee Indranil
Published: October 2024

Visible light photoredox catalysis facilitates the synthesis of amide derivatives from α-ketoacids and α-iminoesters, unveiling the N-centered umpolung reactivity of the imine functionality in a redox-neutral and atom-economical fashion.
Development of eco-friendly pretreatment processes for high-purity silicon recovery from end-of-life photovoltaic modules
Authors: Kim Suhwan , Kim Junkee , Cho Seyeon , Seo Kwangmin , Park Byoung-Uk , Lee Hae-Seok , Park Jongsung
Published: October 2024

In this research, we establish efficient PV recycling processes, and explore the development of advanced recycling technologies to reclaim high-purity silicon powder from solar cell waste modules using thermal and wet gravity separation processes.
Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopic determination of trace rare earth elements in highly refractory gadolinium zirconate (Gd2Zr2O7)
Authors: Saha Abhijit , Kumari Khushboo , Deb Sadhan Bijoy , Saxena Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2024

Microwave assisted digestion of gadolinium zirconate for determination of trace rare earth impurities by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.
Visualization of membrane localization and the functional state of CB2R pools using matched agonist and inverse agonist probe pairs
Authors: Wąsińska-Kałwa M. , Omran A. , Mach L. , Scipioni L. , Bouma J. , Li X. , Radetzki S. , Mostinski Y. , Schippers M. , Gazzi T. , van der Horst C. , Brennecke B. , Hanske A. , Kolomeets Y. , Guba W. , Sykes D. , von Kries J. P. , Broichhagen J. , Hua T. , Veprintsev D. , Heitman L. H. , Oddi S. , Maccarrone M. , Grether U. , Nazare M.
Published: October 2024

Selective visualization of the active and inactive states of CB2R by a matched fluorescent agonist and inverse agonist probe pair.
Growth of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks on substrates: insight from microsecond atomistic simulations
Authors: Wang Zilin , Du Hong , Evans Austin M. , Ni Xiaojuan , Bredas Jean-Luc , Li Haoyuan
Published: October 2024

Microsecond atomistic simulations reveal the complex interplay among monomer mobility and coordination, monomer-substrate anchoring, framework rigidity, and bonding rates in polymerization on metal surfaces.
Lead-free hybrid halide perovskite-based piezo/triboelectric self-powered wearable dual-functional sensors
Authors: Tiwari Abinash , Mridha Niloy , Sharma Sumit Kumar , Salesh Monika , Nannapaneni Chandra Mouli , Mural Prasanna Kumar , Yella Aswani
Published: October 2024

A self-powered dual-functional humidity and pressure sensor based on piezo/triboelectric nanogeneration using tin-based halide perovskites embedded with copper halides is reported here. The device can be used as a colorimetric humidity sensor along with the piezo/triboelectric nanogeneration.
Understanding the air sensitivity and deterioration mechanism of the Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 cathode for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Li Xinyu , Dai Sheng , Chen Qinlong , Mao Hongyan , Pan Huilin
Published: October 2024

The Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 cathode material deteriorates upon exposure to air, leading to Na, P, and Fe ion extraction and crystalline structure degradation. Re-sintering process can effectively restores the material.
Enhanced electrocatalytic overall alkaline water splitting induced by interfacial electron coupling of Mn3O4 nano-cube@CeO2/γ-FeOOH nanosheet hetero-structure
Authors: Ghosh Debasish , Bora Dimple K. , Panda Asit Baran
Published: October 2024

Mn3O4@CeO2/γ-FeOOH hetero-structure showed interfacial electron coupling induced superior bifunctional electrocatalytic activity suitable for AEM electrolyser.
Correction: Selenium nanoparticle-functionalized injectable chitosan/collagen hydrogels as a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance stem cell osteoblastic differentiation for bone regeneration
Authors: Alajmi Khaled , Hartford Matthew , Roy Nakka Sharmila , Bhattacharya Anamitra , Kaity Santanu , Cavanagh Brenton L. , Roy Subhadeep , Murphy Ciara M. , Kaur Kulwinder
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Selenium nanoparticle-functionalized injectable chitosan/collagen hydrogels as a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance stem cell osteoblastic differentiation for bone regeneration’ by Khaled Alajmi et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 9268–9282, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TB00984C.
Monitoring plastic pollution using bioindicators: a global review and recommendations for marine environments
Authors: Savoca Matthew S. , Abreo Neil Angelo , Arias Andres H. , Baes Laura , Baini Matteo , Bergami Elisa , Brander Susanne , Canals Miquel , Choy C. Anela , Corsi Ilaria , De Witte Bavo , Domit Camila , Dudas Sarah , Duncan Emily M. , Fernández Claudia E. , Fossi Maria Cristina , Garcés-Ordóñez Ostin , Godley Brendan J. , González-Paredes Daniel , Carman Victoria González , Hamilton Bonnie M. , Hardesty Britta Denise , Hong Sang Hee , Kahane-Rapport Shirel , Kashiwabara Lauren M. , Lacerda Mariana Baptista , Luna-Jorquera Guillermo , Manno Clara , Nelms Sarah E. , Panti Cristina , Pérez-Venegas Diego J. , Pham Christopher K. , Provencher Jennifer F. , Purca Sara , Rashid Harunur , Rodríguez Yasmina , Sparks Conrad , Sun ChengJun , Thiel Martin , Tsangaris Catherine , Santos Robson G.
Published: October 2024

Monitoring the movement of plastic into marine food webs is central to understanding and mitigating the plastic pollution crisis.
Extracellular bimolecular fluorescence complementation for investigating membrane protein dimerization: a proof of concept using class B GPCRs
Authors: Garelja Michael L. , Alexander Tyla I. , Walker Christopher S. , Hay Debbie L.
Published: October 2024

Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) methodology uses split fluorescent proteins to detect interactions between proteins in living cells. To date, BiFC has been used to investigate receptor dimerization by splitting the fluorescent protein between the intracellular portions of different receptor components. We reasoned that attaching these split proteins to the extracellular N-terminus instead may improve the flexibility of this methodology and reduce the likelihood of impaired intracellular signal transduction. As a proof-of-concept, we used receptors for calcitonin gene-related peptide, which comprise heterodimers of either the calcitonin or calcitonin receptor-like receptor in complex with an accessory protein (receptor activity-modifying protein 1). We created fusion constructs in which split mVenus fragments were attached to either the C-termini or N-termini of receptor subunits. The resulting constructs were transfected into Cos7 and HEK293S cells, where we measured cAMP production in response to ligand stimulation, cell surface expression of receptor complexes, and BiFC fluorescence. Additionally, we investigated ligand-dependent internalization in HEK293S cells. We found N-terminal fusions were better tolerated with regards to cAMP signaling and receptor internalization. N-terminal fusions also allowed reconstitution of functional fluorescent mVenus proteins; however, fluorescence yields were lower than with C-terminal fusion. Our results suggest that BiFC methodologies can be applied to the receptor N-terminus, thereby increasing the flexibility of this approach, and enabling further insights into receptor dimerization.
Uncovering malate dehydrogenase: structure, function and role in disease
Authors: Peterson Celeste N. , Cornely Kathleen , Parente Amy D. , Springer Amy L. , Provost Joseph J.
Published: October 2024

Malate dehydrogenases (MDHs) have been extensively studied since the 1960s due to their key roles in carbon metabolism and pathways such as redox balance and lipid synthesis. Recently, there has been renewed interest in these enzymes with the discovery of their role in the metabolic changes that occur during cancer and a widespread community of undergraduate teaching laboratories addressing MDH research questions, the Malate Dehydrogenase CUREs Community (MCC). This special issue describes different facets of MDH, including its physiological role, its structure–function relationships, its regulation through post-translational modifications, and perspectives on its evolutionary history. There are two human isoforms: a cytoplasmic isoform that carries out formation of NAD+ for glycolysis, and a mitochondrial isoform that plays a major role in the citric acid cycle. Although the sequences of these two isoforms vary, the structures of the enzymes are similar, and studies suggest that each isoform may form complexes with other enzymes in common pathways. Experimental and theoretical advances have helped to characterize the post-translational modifications of MDH, allowing us to ask more complex questions involving the regulation of the enzyme and substrate promiscuity in the context of cancer. Additionally, there are many unresolved questions on the role of malate dehydrogenase in other organisms, especially in parasites. The review articles in this issue seek to shed light on the latest advances in our understanding of MDH and highlight areas for future studies.
Pairing Optimizations for Isogeny‐Based Cryptosystems
Authors: Cai Shiping , Lin Kaizhan , Zhao Chang-An
Published: October 2024

In isogeny‐based cryptography, bilinear pairings are regarded as a powerful tool in various applications, including key compression, public key validation, and torsion basis generation. However, in most isogeny‐based protocols, the performance of pairing computations is unsatisfactory due to the high computational cost of the Miller function. Reducing the computational expense of the Miller function is crucial for enhancing the overall performance of pairing computations in isogeny‐based cryptography. This paper addresses this efficiency bottleneck. To achieve this, we propose several techniques for a better implementation of pairings in isogeny‐based cryptosystems. We use (modified) Jacobian coordinates and present new algorithms for Miller function computations to compute pairings of order 2∙ and 3∙. For pairings of arbitrary order, which are crucial for key compression in some SIDH‐based schemes (such as M‐SIDH and binSIDH), we combine Miller doublings with Miller additions/subtractions, leading to a considerable speedup. Moreover, the optimizations for pairing applications in CSIDH‐based protocols are also considered in this paper. In particular, our approach for supersingularity verification in CSIDH is 15.3% faster than Doliskani’s test, which is the state‐of‐the‐art.
Precise orientation control of gimbals with parametric variations using model reference adaptive controller
Authors: Çakmak Ömer , Altuğ Erdinç
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on a model reference adaptive control method that ensures identical orientation outputs for different prototypes of a two‐axis gimbal produced in mass production. In this method, unlike traditional MRAC structures, an MRAC structure is used in conjunction with state feedback control. First, the reasons for the need for an adaptation mechanism in gimbals and why Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) alone won't be sufficient have been discussed. In the first section, various applications of MRAC have also been mentioned. Then, the mathematical foundation of the model reference adaptive controller used in this study is elaborately explained, followed by stability analyses. In the next step, an ideal reference model exhibiting desired behavior and a real system model with different dynamics are created in a simulation environment. This allows a comparison of the adaptation capabilities of only MRAC and MRAC+State Feedback controllers. Based on the information gathered in this section, the recommended approach in the article is tested on a real gimbal system, and the results are shared. The obtained results demonstrate that the MRAC+State Feedback control structure significantly reduces the error in the gimbal's orientation response compared to the reference model.
Population of excited levels of Fe+, Ni+, and Cr+ in exocomets’ gaseous tails
Authors: Vrignaud T. , Lecavelier des Etangs A.
Published: October 2024

The star β Pictoris is widely known for harbouring a large population of exocomets, which create variable absorption signatures in the stellar spectrum as they transit the star. Although the physical and chemical properties of these objects have long been elusive, the recently developed exocomet curve of growth technique has, for the first time, enabled estimates of exocometary column densities and excitation temperatures, based on absorption measurements in mutliple spectral lines. Using this new tool, we present a refined study of a β Pic exocomet observed on December 6, 1997 with the Hubble Space Telescope. We first show that the comet’s signature in Fe II lines is well explained by the transit of two gaseous components, with different covering factors and opacities. Then, we show that the studied comet is detected in the lines of other species, such as Ni II and Cr II. These species are shown to experience similar physical conditions as Fe II (same radial velocity profiles and same excitation temperatures), hinting that they are well mixed. Finally, using almost 100 Fe II lines rising from energy levels between 0 and 33 000 cm–1, we derive the complete excitation diagram of Fe+ in the comet. The transiting gas is found to be populated at an excitation temperature of 8190 ± 160 K, very close to the stellar effective temperature (8052 K). Using a model of radiative and collisional excitation, we show that the observed excitation diagram is compatible with a radiative regime, associated with a close transit distance (≤60 R⋆ ∼ 0.43 au) and a low electronic density (≤107 cm–3). In this regime, the excitation of Fe+ is controlled by the stellar flux, and does not depend on the local electronic temperature or density. These results allow us to derive the Ni+/Fe+ and Cr+/Fe+ ratios in the December 6, 1997 comet, at 8.5 ± 0.8 ⋅ 10–2 and 1.04 ± 0.15 ⋅10–2, respectively, close to solar abundances.
Investigation of Propeller Performance KM. Dharma Kartika After The Installation of PBCF and Pre-Swirl Stator
Authors: Trimulyono Andi , Ariamukti Assad Aditya , Mulyatno Imam Pujo , Adietya Berlian Arswendo , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: October 2024

The energy-saving device has been used to decrease fuel consumption on ships by increasing the efficiency of ship propulsion systems. Pre-swirl Stator (PSS) is an ESD that changes the axial and tangential speed component of the propeller’s inflow which produces an additional gain of thrust by 4.7%. By using a pre-swirl stator, there is still an indication of a hub vortex developed behind the propeller. Another type of ESD is Propeller boss-cap fins which can decrease the development of hub vortex. A combination of PSS and PBCF ESD could gain another 1-1.5% of propeller efficiency rather than only using a pre-swirl stator and decrease hub-vortex. The goal of this study is to increase KM. Dharma Kartika IX propeller’s performances by using PSS and PBCF. The computational fluid dynamics method was employed with variated angles of attack are 3° and 5° for PSS fin. The numerical approach is based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equation with k-ε as the turbulence model. The results showed a combination of PSS and PBCF gives an additional 5-30% of thrust, 5-30% of torque, and 0.8-5% of efficiency.
Integrating USLE with GIS in Erosion Hazard Analysis in the Katulampa Sub-Watershed for the Ciawi and Sukamahi Dry Dam
Authors: Fadli Arbal , Sriyana Ignatius , Sangkawati Sri , PG Alif Ramadhani Medisia , Nuramini Tika Morena
Published: October 2024

The analysis of erosion in the Katulampa Sub-Watershed is crucial for understanding the risks posed to the Ciawi and Sukamahi Dams. Using the USLE method integrated with GIS, this study reveals significant changes in erosion rates, particularly during 2014-2015. Despite this, from 2016 to 2022, the average erosion rate remained relatively stable. Over the past 15 years, the dominance of erosion hazard classes has consistently been classified as “Very Light” (Class I). However, this should not be underestimated because the potential for severe and very severe erosion hazards still exists. The output of this research, modeling erosion hazard classes and levels in GIS applications, provides essential insights for stakeholders to implement effective strategies and preserve the optimal conditions of the dam reservoirs, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of excessive erosion.
Effect of changes on land use and erosivity on erosion hazards and the reservoir lifespan of Tukul Dam, using USLE method
Authors: Gunawan Alif Ramadhani Medisia Putri , Suharyanto Suharyanto , Sriyana Ignatius , Nuramini Tika Morena
Published: October 2024

The benefits of the Tukul Reservoir include an irrigation supply for 600 hectares, a micro hydro power plant of 2x132 kWh, a domestic water supply of 300 liters per second, as well as conservation. The Tukul Dam began operation in 2020. The presence of the Tukul Dam has a significant impact on changes in land use both upstream and downstream. This study measured erosion rates and classified erosion hazard levels. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method were used to calculate erosion rates with ArcGIS Software The value of erosion rates will be used to calculate the lifespan of Tukul Reservoir. The data employed for land use analysis are based on maps issued by ESRI from 2017 to 2022. In 2022 classification of hazard erosion very heavy is about 18% about 8.5 km2 its increased from year 2021. Overall, the erosion hazard level is influenced by various land use changes and erosivity values. In this study, the erosion rate used for calculating sedimentation rate is based on the latest year’s data. Based on the SDR calculation, the sedimentation rate in 2022 is 3.55 mm/year. As a result, the calculated reservoir lifespan prediction is only 28 years.
Host-specific monogeneans parasitizing freshwater fish: The ecology and evolution of host-parasite associations
Authors: Šimková Andrea
Published: October 2024

Monogenea (Platyhelminthes), mainly gill and fin ectoparasites of fish, are often recognized as host specific and morphologically and ecologically diverse. These parasites exhibit high species diversity at the level of host species or individual fish specimens. Using case studies, especially those widely performed in Dactylogyrus parasitizing cyprinoid fish, this article presents current knowledge on the ecology and evolution of congeneric gill monogeneans. The important aspects of the ecology of congeneric monogeneans are highlighted, in particular: host specificity expressed at several host levels (from strict specificity to phylogenetic specificity), microhabitat specificity expressed by restricted positions on fish gills to facilitate intraspecific mating, and the link between microhabitat preference and morphological adaptation (i.e., sclerotized structures of the haptor) or reproductive isolation. From the evolutionary perspective, this study focused on the processes of the speciation and diversification of congeneric monogeneans, highlighting the role of host switch as the most prominent coevolutionary event, accompanied in some cases mostly by intrahost speciation or cospeciation, as revealed by cophylogenetic studies. Here, important knowledge on evolutionary patterns of host specificity, microhabitat specificity, and morphological adaptation is presented. Host-specific monogeneans may represent an important tool for studying the historical biogeography of their hosts. Specifically, in the case of freshwater fish hosts exhibiting disjunctive distribution, they reflect both historical and contemporary contacts. The role of host-specific congeneric monogeneans in revealing historical intercontinental and intracontinental contacts between freshwater fish is highlighted. Finally, the importance of the role of genetic coadaptation, limiting the presence of host-specific monogeneans in hybrid fish, is emphasized.
Electrophysiological Signal Validation of Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface at Nerve Ending: A Preliminary Rat Model Experiment
Authors: Cho Jeongmok , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Pak Changsik , Hong Joon Pio
Published: October 2024

Background As the number of extremity amputations continues to rise, so does the demand for prosthetics. Emphasizing the importance of a nerve interface that effectively amplifies and transmits physiological signals through peripheral nerve surgery is crucial for achieving intuitive control. The regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) is recognized for its potential to provide this technical support. Through animal experiment, we aimed to confirm the actual occurrence of signal amplification.

Methods Rats were divided into three experimental groups: control, common peroneal nerve transection, and RPNI. Nerve surgeries were performed for each group, and electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were conducted at the initial surgery, as well as at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively.

Results All implemented RPNIs exhibited viability and displayed adequate vascularity with the proper color. Clear differences in latency and amplitude were observed before and after 8 weeks of surgery in all groups (p < 0.05). Notably, the RPNI group demonstrated a significantly increased amplitude compared with the control group after 8 weeks (p = 0.031). Latency increased in all groups 8 weeks after surgery. The RPNI group exhibited relatively clear signs of denervation with abnormal spontaneous activities (ASAs) during EMG.

Conclusion This study is one of few preclinical studies that demonstrate the electrophysiological effects of RPNI and validate the neural signals. It serves as a foundational step for future research in human–machine interaction and nerve interfaces.
Intraoperative Complications as Predictors of Flap Failure in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Godbe Kerilyn N. , Rauber Erin , Nazir Niaman , Holding Julie , Butterworth James A. , Lai Eric C. , Egan Katie G.
Published: October 2024

Background Intraoperative microvascular complications in autologous breast reconstruction significantly increase the risk of postoperative complications. No study has identified which specific intraoperative complications contribute to partial or total flap loss.

Methods A retrospective chart review of microsurgical breast reconstructions by five surgeons between 2009 and 2020 analyzed operative variables and patient outcomes, with complications determined from the operative report. Flap loss rates were compared between cases with and without intraoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact and t-tests for discrete and continuous variables, respectively.

Results Intraoperative complications were analyzed for 1,465 autologous breast flaps performed in 916 patients. Early partial flap loss was predicted by arterial anastomosis revision (2.90 vs. 0.44%, p = 0.03) and alternate venous outflow (14.29 vs. 0.41%, p = 0.002), with no association with intraoperative thrombosis, venous revision, or difficult recipient or flap dissection. In comparison, early total flap loss was predicted by intraoperative arterial revision (5.80 vs. 0.51%, p = 0.001), venous revision (5.45 vs. 0.57%, p = 0.007), intraoperative thrombosis (12.12 vs. 0.49%, p < 0.001), and difficult flap dissection (2.91 vs. 0.59%, p = 0.04). Difficult flap dissection was the only intraoperative variable associated with late partial flap loss (6.80 vs. 1.69%, p = 0.004). Late total flap loss only occurred in 6/1,465 flaps, the sole association being difficult recipient vessel dissection (2.78 vs. 0.29%, p = 0.03). Postoperative arterial and venous compromise occurred in 1.10% (13/1,187) and 2.53% (30/1,187) of cases with no intraoperative complications, respectively, compared with 3.2% (9/278, p = 0.02) and 6.12% (17/278, p = 0.002) in cases with an intraoperative complication.

Conclusion Alternate venous outflow predicts early partial flap loss, while intraoperative thrombosis and arterial and venous revision predict early total loss. Difficult flap dissection was associated with early total and late partial flap loss, while difficult recipient vessel dissection was associated with late total flap loss.
Assessment of Add-On Therapy of N-Acetylcysteine in the Management of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Velusamy Sivakumar , Parthiban Dharshini , Jayakumar Jessica , Narayanan Aroshi
Published: October 2024

Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammation of the pancreas. The conservative therapeutic options include enteral nutrition, antibiotics, and/or surgery. Oxidative stress in AP has been pathologically linked with the systemic inflammatory response. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell injury and other potential pathological events in AP.

Objective This article evaluates the treatment outcome of NAC combined with conventional therapy in AP patients and assesses the difference in the duration of hospital stay between the NAC with conventional therapy group and the conventional therapy group.

Materials and Methods This observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital with 65 AP patients above 18 years of age. The effect of adding NAC with conventional therapy (intravenous hydration 0.9% normal saline, pancreatin, optional antibiotics) was assessed in patients by comparing serum amylase, lipase, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination (APACHE) II score, and Ranson's score, before and after therapy and the difference in duration of hospital stay was assessed using the independent t-test.

Results Of the 65 AP patients, 62% (n = 40) were on conventional therapy and 38% (n = 25) were on NAC along with conventional therapy. The difference in mean values of reduced serum amylase between the two treatment groups indicates a significant difference (p = 0.01). However, the variance in mean serum lipase values was statistically insignificant (p = 0.1). The mean scores of Ranson's criteria showed no significant difference between both groups (p = 0.4). There was a significant difference in APACHE II severity scores after 24 (p = 0.04) and 48 hours (p = 0.01), respectively. Similarly, the mean duration of hospital stay in both treatment groups was found to be statistically insignificant (p = 0.4).

Conclusion Both treatment options, conventional therapy and NAC combined with conventional therapy, resulted similar treatment outcomes for AP patients, with no additional benefits observed.