bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection With Kernel Preserving Embedding
Authors: Liu Huawen , Li Enhui , Liu Xinwang , Su Kaile , Zhang Shichao
Published: May 2021

Similarity representation plays a central role in increasingly popular anomaly detection techniques, which have been successfully applied in various realistic scenes. Until now, many low-rank representation techniques have been introduced to measure the similarity relations of data; yet, they only concern to minimize reconstruction errors, without involving the structural information of data. Besides, the traditional low-rank representation methods often take nuclear norm as their low-rank constraints, easily yielding a suboptimal solution. To address the problems above, in this article, we propose a novel anomaly detection method, which exploits kernel preserving embedding, as well as the double nuclear norm, to explore the similarity relations of data. Based on the similarity relations, a kind of probability transition matrix is derived, and a tailored random walk is further adopted to reveal anomalies. The proposed method can not only preserve the manifold structural properties of the data, but also alleviate the suboptimal problem. To validate the superiority of our method, extensive experiments with eight popular anomaly detection algorithms were conducted on 12 widely used datasets. The experimental results show that our detection method outperformed the state-of-the-art anomaly detection algorithms in most cases.
Violence, Place, and Strengthened Space: A Review of Immigration Stress, Violence Exposure, and Intervention for Immigrant Latinx Youth and Families
Authors: Jolie Sarah A. , Onyeka Ogechi Cynthia , Torres Stephanie , DiClemente Cara , Richards Maryse , Santiago Catherine DeCarlo
Published: May 2021

Latinx immigrant families are greatly impacted by US policies and practices that limit immigrant families’ and children's rights. This article reviews the effects of such policies and the growing literature examining migration experiences. Latinx immigrant youth and parents may encounter multiple stressors across the stages of migration, including physical and structural violence, fear, poverty, and discrimination, which contribute to higher rates of mental health problems in this population. Despite significant trauma exposure, immigrants demonstrate incredible resilience within themselves, their families, and their communities and through movements and policies aimed at protecting their rights. Numerous culturally relevant universal, targeted, and intensive interventions were developed to magnify these protective factors to promote healing, advance immigration reform, and provide trauma-informed training and psychoeducation. Psychologistsplay a crucial role in implementing, evaluating, and advocating for accessible and collaborative approaches to care so that Latinx immigrant families have the resources to combat the harmful sequelae of immigration stress.
Theory of Faradaically Modulated Redox Active Electrodes for Electrochemically Mediated Selective Adsorption Processes
Authors: He Fan , Bazant Martin Z. , Hatton T. Alan
Published: May 2021

Electrochemically mediated selective adsorption is an emerging electrosorption technique that utilizes Faradaically enhanced redox active electrodes, which can adsorb ions not only electrostatically, but also electrochemically. The superb selectivity (>100) of this technique enables selective removal of toxic or high-value target ions under low energy consumption. Here, we develop a general theoretical framework to describe the competitive electrosorption phenomena involving multiple ions and surface-bound redox species. The model couples diffusion, convection and electromigration with competitive surface adsorption reaction kinetics, consistently derived from non-equilibrium thermodynamics. To optimize the selective removal of the target ions, design criteria were derived analytically from physically relevant dimensionless groups and time scales, where the propagation of the target anion’s concentration front is the limiting step. Detailed computational studies are reported for three case studies that cover a wide range of inlet concentration ratios between the competing ions. And in all three cases, target anions in the electrosorption cell forms a self-sharpening reaction-diffusion wave front. Based on the model, a three-step stop-flow operation scheme with a pure stripping solution of target anions is proposed that optimizes the ion adsorption performance and increases the purity of the regeneration stream to almost 100%, which is beneficial for downstream processing.
Influence of Organic Additives for Zinc-Air Batteries on Cathode Stability and Performance
Authors: Kube Alexander , Wagner Norbert , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas
Published: May 2021

In this work, a theoretically predicted electrolyte composition comprising 6 M potassium hydroxide (KOH), 2 M citric acid, 1 M glycine, and 0.5 M zinc oxide is tested in terms of electrochemical performance, cathode stability, and electrolyte stability. It is shown that dissolved metal ions from the cathode reacted with the introduced organic additives, reduced the cathode stability, and blocked metal oxidation reactions. This was due to a Kolbe-like decomposition reaction that occurred because of the presence of potassium citrate, which formed because of the reaction of KOH and citric acid. Furthermore, intermediate products of this decomposition reaction appeared to block the cathode’s surface, hindering oxygen (O2) evolution and reducing the overall cell performance. The decomposition of potassium citrate starts above 1.7 V Zn. Additionally, it is shown that tribase citric acid behaves similarly to a dibase carbonic acid. Both decrease the onset potential for the O2reduction reaction from 0.9 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for pure 6 M KOH to 0.6 V vs RHE for KOH with these organic acids.
Electrodeposition of Ru onto Ru and Au Seed Layers from Solutions of Ruthenium Nitrosyl Sulfate and Ruthenium Chloride
Authors: Gusley Ryan , Cumston Quintin , Coffey Kevin R. , West Alan C. , Barmak Katayun
Published: May 2021

The electrodeposition of Ru was investigated from solutions of ruthenium(III) nitrosyl sulfate and ruthenium(III) chloride onto seed layers of epitaxial and polycrystalline Ru and epitaxial Au. Using both galvanostatic and potentiostatic deposition modes, metallic Ru was found to electrodeposit as a porous layer comprised of (0001) oriented Ru crystallites, the presence of which was discovered and confirmed by X-ray and scanning transmission and transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) analyses. This finding was independent of the Ru salt and seed layer used. Using X-ray reflectivity (XRR), the average film density

ρ

e
f
f

of the porous electrodeposited Ru layer was measured as less than the density of bulk Ru

ρ

R
u
,
b
u
l
k

(14.414 g cm−3). Increasing the magnitude of the applied current density from −100 μA cm−2 to −10 mA cm−2 in solutions of Ru nitrosyl sulfate increased the

ρ

e
f
f

from 7.4 g cm−3 to 9.7 g cm−2 while the current efficiency decreased from 9.4% to 4.3%.
[Retracted] Swimming Training Evaluation Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Wei
Published: May 2021

By investigating the status quo of the swimming training market in a certain area, we can obtain information on the current development of the swimming training market in a certain area and study the laws of the development of the market so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the market. This paper designs an evaluation algorithm suitable for swimming training based on the improved AlexNet network. The algorithm model uses a 3 × 3 size convolution kernel to extract features, and the pooling layer uses a nonoverlapping pooling strategy. In order to accelerate the network convergence, the model introduces batch normalization technology. The algorithm uses data augmentation technology to expand the data set, including rotation and random erasure, to a certain extent alleviating the problem of overfitting. The results of the study showed that there were no significant differences in fat, minerals, protein, body mass index, basal metabolic rate, and total energy expenditure in the body composition ratios of children in the convolutional neural network assessment group and the control group, while muscle and total body water were not significantly different. However, there are significant differences in fat‐free body weight and muscle strength of various segments of the body, among which there are very significant differences in muscle strength of lower limbs in each segment of the body. There were no significant differences in minerals, body mass index, basal metabolic rate, total energy expenditure, and lower limb muscle strength in the body composition ratios of men and women in the convolutional neural network assessment group. There are significant differences in body weight, upper limb muscle strength, and trunk muscle strength. There were no significant differences in the proportions of body composition between men and women in the control group, except for fat and protein.
[Retracted] Optimization of Water Microbial Concentration Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Zheng Miaomiao , Zhang Shanshan , Zhang Yidan , Hu Baozhong
Published: May 2021

The Internet of Things is an emerging information industry. Applying the information collection, transmission, and processing technologies in the Internet of Things technology to environmental monitoring, environmental emergency, and other environmental protection supervision fields will greatly improve the speed and accuracy of environmental supervision and facilitate the scientific development of environmental protection. Through the Internet of Things, people can obtain a large amount of reliable real‐time information, and it is not easy to be affected by time, place, and environment, while the wireless sensor network has the advantages of easy installation and low cost, so environmental monitoring through the Internet of Things is the future development trend. In this paper, in view of the current situation of water scarcity and serious water pollution in China, combined with the development trend and advantages of the Internet of Things (IoT), and based on the inadequacy of the existing microbial sensor data collection equipment, we propose a design scheme of microbial concentration monitoring system for waters based on IoT. The system is based on Zig Bee wireless sensor network to build a common data acquisition platform and design special hardware to carry out high‐precision microbial sensor data acquisition in water and through the PC to complete the real‐time measurement data storage, waveform display, and data processing. In this paper, the schematic diagram and PCB board design of the system hardware module NUC120 main control board, CC2530 RF board, Wi‐Fi wireless communication module, and high‐precision ADC acquisition module are completed and fabricated. Then, the four modules are combined to realize the development of the data aggregation node and data acquisition node of the dedicated Zig Bee wireless network hardware device.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty Performed with Midvastus and Medial Parapatellar Approaches in Obese Patients
Authors: Guler Olcay , Gümüşsuyu Gürkan , Sofu Hakan , Gökçen Hüseyin Bahadır
Published: May 2021

Background. The use of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for primary osteoarthritis of the knee has remarkably increased recently. We aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of TKA in obese patients (>30 kg/m2) operated with midvastus (MV) or medial parapatellar (MPP) approaches. Methods. This retrospective study was performed using data derived from 80 patients (70 women; 10 men) with an average age of 66.17 ± 5.42 (range: 54 to 77). Patients were allocated into 2 groups as for the type of approach conducted during TKA: group I (n = 41) underwent TKA by MV approach, while the MMP technique was used in group II (n = 39). Results. Demographic, clinical, and radiological parameters included age, side of involvement, sex, BMI, diameters of thigh and calf, length of incision, duration of operation, amount of bleeding and transfusion, duration of hospitalization and follow-up, complications, and range of motion, as well as Knee Society Score (KSS) and Knee Society Function Score (KSFS). Patients with a higher BMI (≥35 kg/m2) experienced more profound bleeding and needed more transfusion of erythrocyte suspension. The range of motion was more favorable in groups with BMI <35 kg/m2. The functional outcomes as reflected in KSS and KSFS were much better in patients with BMI <35 kg/m2. Conclusions. Our data indicated that obesity can adversely influence the clinical and radiological outcomes after TKA performed by both MV and MPP approaches. A careful analysis of patient characteristics and selection of appropriate operative procedures is critical. Further randomized, controlled trials on larger series must be designed to elucidate the relationship between obesity and therapeutic outcomes after TKA with different approaches.
A Study of 1-Benzyl-3-phenyl-2-thiourea as an Effective Steel Corrosion Inhibitor in 1.0 M HCl Solution
Authors: Dinh Quy Huong , Duong Tran , Pham Cam Nam
Published: May 2021

1-Benzyl-3-phenyl-2-thiourea (BPTU) was studied as a steel corrosion inhibitor in 1.0 M HCl solution. Experimental methods were conducted including potentiodynamic polarization measurement (PPM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Quantum calculations were performed at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). Hexamethylenetetramine (URO) was selected for comparison with BPTU. The results showed that BPTU with the concentration of 2 × 10−4 M and at the temperature of 30°C could protect the steel surface with the highest inhibition efficiency of 94.99% and 94.30% according to EIS and PPM, respectively. High temperature decreased BPTU’s ability to inhibit the steel corrosion. The adsorption of BPTU on the steel surface is followed by the modified Langmuir isotherm. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the thiourea functional group is the main adsorption center of BPTU. The experimental results are completely consistent with theoretical calculations.
Tomographic Evaluation of the Internal Adaptation for Recent Calcium Silicate‐Based Pulp Capping Materials in Primary Teeth
Authors: Al Tuwirqi A. A. , El Ashiry E. A. , Alzahrani A. Y. , Bamashmous N. , Bakhsh T. A.
Published: May 2021

Objectives. To evaluate the internal adaptation of recent pulp capping materials (TheraCal and Biodentine) relative to MTA when used as indirect pulp capping for primary teeth. Materials and Methods. Thirty primary molars were randomly allocated into three groups, group (A) was TheraCal, group (B) was Biodentine, and MTA was the control group (C). A standardized round class‐V cavity (1.5 mm diameter and 2 mm depth) was prepared using a milling machine on the buccal surface of each tooth with the pulpal floor located on the dentin. Then, pulp‐capping materials were applied. Finally, all teeth were restored by composite restoration. The internal adaptation of the pulp‐capping materials to the dentinal surface was investigated by microcomputed tomography (Micro‐CT) to determine the internal gap volume, and by optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine the high‐intensity reflection of light from the floor. Results. Based on Micro‐CT findings, TheraCal showed significantly higher internal gap volume than both MTA and Biodentine (p < 0.001), while MTA and Biodentine did not show a significant difference in the gap volume. Based on the OCT findings, TheraCal showed a significantly higher intensity of light reflection than both MTA and Biodentine (p < 0.001); however, there was no significant difference between MTA and Biodentine. Pearson’s correlation test showed that there was a strong positive correlation between Micro‐CT and OCT (r = 0.686, N = 30, p < 0.001). Conclusions. Biodentine and MTA showed a comparable result in terms of their internal adaptation on the dentinal surface of the primary teeth, and both were better than TheraCal. There is a moderate to a strong positive correlation between Micro‐CT and OCT in the measurement of internal adaptation of the tested pulp capping materials. OCT can be helpful and beneficial for the clinical setting and allow dentists to screen and evaluate restorations during follow‐up.
miR-183-5p Is a Potential Molecular Marker of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Zhou Shaolan , Zhang Jing , Luan Pengfei , Ma Zhanbing , Dang Jie , Zhu Hong , Ma Qian , Wang Yanfeng , Huo Zhenghao
Published: May 2021

Objective. To investigate microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and identify the valuable miRNA biomarkers in diagnosing and monitoring SLE. Methods. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to assess miRNA amounts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from four SLE cases and four healthy controls. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was carried out for validating candidate miRNAs in 32 SLE cases and 32 healthy controls. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was completed to evaluate diagnostic performance. Finally, the associations of candidate miRNAs with various characteristics of SLE were analyzed. Results. A total of 157 miRNAs were upregulated, and 110 miRNAs were downregulated in PBMCs from SLE cases in comparison to healthy controls, of which the increase of miR-183-5p and decrease of miR-374b-3p were validated by qPCR and both showed good diagnostic performance for SLE diagnosis. Besides, miR-183-5p expression levels displayed a positive association with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and anti-dsDNA antibody amounts. Conclusion. Our data indicated that miR-183-5p is a promising biomarker of SLE.
Exact Analytical Solutions of Generalized Fifth-Order KdV Equation by the Extended Complex Method
Authors: Rehman Mehvish Fazal Ur , Gu Yongyi , Yuan Wenjun
Published: May 2021

The recently introduced technique, namely, the extended complex method, is used to explore exact solutions for the generalized fifth-order KdV equation. Appropriately, the rational, periodic, and elliptic function solutions are obtained by this technique. The 3D graphs explain the different physical phenomena to the exact solutions of this equation. This idea specifies that the extended complex method can acquire exact solutions of several differential equations in engineering. These results reveal that the extended complex method can be directly and easily used to solve further higher-order nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). All computer simulations are constructed by maple packages.
Research on the Time‐Domain Measurement Method of Low‐Frequency Splitting for Hemispherical Resonator
Authors: Li Shaoliang , Yang Hao , Zhao Wanliang , Qu Rui , Duan Jie , Rong Yijie , Jin Xin , Li Chaojiang
Published: May 2021

The measurement of resonator’s frequency splitting is a critical issue in vibratory gyroscopes, which would be elaborately treated in practical applications. The high‐precision measurement of frequency splitting plays a significant role in frequency tuning control. A novel time‐domain method of frequency splitting measurement for hemispherical resonator based on the standing wave swing effect was proposed. The frequency splitting value of the resonator can be directly obtained by taking the reciprocal of the one cycle time of standing wave swings, rather than through the frequency difference between two resonant modes. To begin with, the method was analyzed theoretically, and the measurement resolution and accuracy of the method were researched in detail. Simulation and experimental results showed that the frequency splitting value can be effectively obtained by measuring the period of the standing wave swings, improving the fine measurement resolution and high accuracy. The frequency splitting of lower than 0.007 Hz has to be effectively obtained in the experiment. It is found that the measurement error is a small proportional part of frequency splitting value, so the measurement accuracy is very high when the frequency splitting is very low. Therefore, this time‐domain method would contribute to the measurement of ultralow‐frequency splitting for high‐Q resonators.
Phosphate Ion Release and Alkalizing Potential of Three Bioactive Dental Materials in Comparison with Composite Resin
Authors: Kasraei Shahin , Haghi Sahebeh , Valizadeh Sara , Panahandeh Narges , Nejadkarimi Sogol
Published: May 2021

Aim. Several new bioactive compounds were recently introduced to the market with favorable ion release, tooth remineralization, and alkalizing potential. This study sought to compare the phosphate ion release and alkalizing potential of three bioactive materials in comparison with composite resin. Methods. Thirty-six discs (2 × 6 mm) were fabricated from Fuji II LC resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI), Activa BioActive, Cention N, and Z250 composite in plastic molds. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 and 48 h and 6 months. Half of the specimens were used to assess the phosphate ion release while the other half were used to assess the alkalizing potential 1 h after pH drop from 6.8 to 4. Phosphate ion release was quantified by a spectrophotometer while the pH value was measured by a pH meter. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s HSD test (for pairwise comparisons) at 0.05 level of significance. Results. At 24 h, the maximum phosphate ion release in distilled water occurred in the Fuji II LC group followed by Cention N, Activa BioActive, and Z250. At 6 months, Cention N followed by Activa BioActive showed higher phosphate ion release than Fuji II LC and Z250. No significant difference was noted between Activa BioActive and Cention N at any time point. All materials, except for Z250, increased the pH of the environment. Fuji II LC had maximum alkalizing effect at all time points followed by Cention N and Activa BioActive. Conclusion. Use of bioactive compounds is a promising method to ensure phosphate ion release, and can have a positive effect on tooth remineralization over time. Also, bioactive compounds can alkalize an acidic environment.
Pedicled Cervical Lymphoadipose Tissue for Volume Reconstruction after Superficial Parotidectomy
Authors: Davis Kyle P. , Fraser Amy L. , Shay Elizabeth O. , Sim Michael W.
Published: May 2021

Volume restoration is often required after parotidectomy due to the resultant facial contour deformity. Common procedures include local pedicled flaps, such as the sternocleidomastoid muscle flap, fat grafting, and even autologous free flaps, for more extensive defects. Local pedicled flaps have the advantage of a single surgical site, which spares the patient the added morbidity of a separate fat graft donor site, while simultaneously reducing the operative time. We report two cases of a novel reconstructive option using pedicled level I and II cervical lymphoadipose tissue for volume restoration after superficial parotidectomy. This reconstruction would be useful for patients with benign parotid lesions and inferior parotid defects. In addition, with maintained blood supply to this tissue, it would likely provide sustained bulk over time.
Prospective, Multicenter Evaluation of a Polyherbal Supplement alongside Standard-of-Care Treatment for Mild Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Żęgota Zbigniew , Goździk Joanna , Głogowska-Szeląg Joanna
Published: May 2021

Background. This study aimed to provide clinical information on general and joint performance from individuals taking Tregocel® (containing curcuminoid and extracts of the herbs Harpagophytum procumbens, Boswellia serrata, Apium graveolens, and Zingiber officinale) alongside a standard therapy of symptomatic mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. This was a multicenter, open-label, prospective, single-arm study, in which Tregocel® was supplemented for 36 weeks. Participants with symptomatic mild knee OA requiring pharmacologic treatment for pain were enrolled. Physical performance (6-minute walk test, WOMAC-pain and functional domain, and heel-thigh distance flexion test), general performance (WOMAC questionnaire), and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) assessment of knee pain, as well as anti-inflammatory and analgesic medication consumption, were assessed. Results. Between January and April 2019, 107 participants were enrolled and analysed in per protocol population. Mean age was 59.7 (SD 10.8) years, and there were 68.2% women. Mean observation time was 291.1 (SD 7.7) days. Mean increase in 6MWT result observed at the end of the study was 26.0 (SD 30.4) m (

p
<
0.001

). Median VAS score decreased from 60.0 (IQR 50–72) mm at the beginning of the study to 21.0 (IQR 14–30) mm after 36 weeks of product administration (

p
<
0.001

). Regular knee OA medications were taken in 99.1% of subjects at baseline decreasing to 55.1% at the end of the Tregocel® supplementation. Conclusions. During Tregocel® supplementation, participants observed improved functional capacity confirmed in the distance in 6MWT and in the heel-thigh distance flexion test, decreased level of pain, and improved WOMAC scores for all domains.
Ablation Therapy Combined with EGFR TKIs in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Lu-Zhen , Wu Jia-Ming , Chen Ting , Zhao Liang-Chen , Zhuang Juan-Na , Hong Hui-Si , Zhang Ao , Zhang Hua-Tang , Fang Can-Tu
Published: May 2021

Objective. Systematically evaluate the efficacy of physical ablation combined with TKI in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. We performed a comprehensive search of databases including OVID, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Chongqing Weipu Database). The aim was to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating physical ablation as the treatment for advanced NSCLC. We also evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies and summarized the data extracted for meta-analysis with Review Manager 5.3. Results. A total of 9 studies, including 752 patients, were evaluable. The meta-analysis results show that the complete response rate (CRR) (RR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1. 46 to 3.40,

P

0.01), partial response rate (PRR) (RR: −2.25, 95% CI: 1.41 to 3.59,

P

0.01), and disease control rate (DCR) (RR: −2.80, 95% CI: 1.64 to 4.80,

P
<

0.01) of patients with advanced NSCLC who received physical ablation combined with TKI therapy were higher than those who did not receive physical ablation therapy. The control groups from seven of the studies had a total of 606 patients with targeted therapies and chemotherapy. The complete response rate was (CRR) (RR: 2.48, 2.4895% CI: 1.55 to 2.47,

P

0.01), partial response rate (PRR) (RR: −1.66, 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.31,

P
<

0.01), and disease control rate (DCR) (RR: −2.68, 95% CI: 1.41 to 5.06,

P
<

0.01) for patients with advanced NSCLC who had received physical ablation combined with targeted therapies and chemotherapy, compared to patients who had not received physical ablation therapy. This difference was statistically significant. Above all, these results showed that the clinical efficacy of physical ablation combined EGFR-TKIs therapy (regardless of whether it was combined with chemotherapy) was better than that of EGFR-TKIs therapy alone. Conclusion. Physical ablation combined with TKI treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC can improve efficacy.
Eye of the Tiger Sign in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration
Authors: Choayb S. , Adil H. , Ali Mohamed Daoud , Allali N. , Chat L. , El Haddad S.
Published: May 2021

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare disorder associated with brain iron accumulation caused by a recessive mutation in pantothenate kinase 2 gene (PANK2). We present a case of an 11 year-old boy presenting extrapyramidal signs and developmental regression. T2-weighted images showed the classic eye of the tiger sign seen in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.
Comparison of Chemical Constituents in Pseudostellariae Radix with Different Dosage Forms Based on HPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Hua Yujiao , Liu Xiaoyuan , Xie Fen
Published: May 2021

Background. Pseudostellariae Radix (PR) is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine with vast clinical consumptions, which has two different dosage forms, PR decoction pieces and PR formula granules. However, these two forms are bound to have an impact on the accumulation of the effective components in PR, so the effectiveness of clinical use cannot be guaranteed. Objective. To determine the effective composition of PR. Methods. In this research, PR decoction pieces and formula granules were collected, and their composition was detected by HPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS; multivariate statistical analysis was used to distinguish differential metabolites between PR decoction pieces and formula granules. Results. A clear cut difference in the composition of the two groups was observed. 98 differential chemical constituents could be identified in the positive mode, while 52 differential chemical compositions could be identified in the negative mode. The differential chemical compositions were mainly concentrated in flavonoids, organic acids, fatty acids, and amino acids and present different change rules, mainly involved in the isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis metabolic pathways. Conclusions. This study provides basic information to reveal the influence law of different dosage forms on the metabolite synthesis and quality formation mechanism of PR.
Study on Numerical Simulation Test of Mining Surface Subsidence Law under Ultrathick Loose Layer
Authors: Shi Weiping , Qu Xiaocheng , Jiang Chuntao , Li Kaixin
Published: May 2021

In the process of coal mining, the surface subsidence under ultrathick loose layer is abnormal (subsidence coefficient greater than 1.0), which will cause great damage to the surface ecological environment. The fracture propagation and stress evolution of bedrock are of great significance to the prevention of surface subsidence. Taking the 1305 working face of a mine as the background, this paper study the process of crack propagation and stress evolution of bedrock under the influence of ultrathick loose layer by methods of on-site measurement, similar simulation, and numerical simulation. During the research process, the physical model was verified by the measured data. Then, the numerical model was verified by the crack propagation angle and subsidence of bedrock, which were obtained in a similar simulation. Based on the verified numerical model, it was obtained that after the coal seam was mined out, the bedrock above the mined-out area was mainly damaged by tension, while the strata on both sides of the crack expansion angle were mainly damaged by shear and tension. During coal seam mining, for bedrock the process of fracture expansion, subsidence, and stress evolution all could be divided into four stages. This research provides a basis for the control of surface subsidence.
Study of the Influence of Plaque Growth and Hydrostatic Properties in an Atherosclerotic Artery, for the Prevention of Arterial Wall Damage: Application to Vascular Diseases
Authors: Tsafack Nzifack J. R. , Mabekou Takam J. S. , Moutou Pitti R. , Fogue M. , Talla P. K.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this work is to prevent damage of the arterial wall, using a theoretical model of hyperelastic, anisotropic, and dynamic behavior of the human arterial. This work is mainly focused on the properties of the hydrostatic stress and the evolution of stenosis. This work is mainly focused on the properties of the hydrostatic stress and the evolution of stenosis in order to understand the effect of the size of the plaque deposit, the loss of elasticity of the wall, and the increase in the density of the blood on the mechanical behavior of the human arterial wall. The great contribution of this work shows us that increasing the size of the plaque also increases arterial stress, and the radial growth of the plaque is very dangerous compared to the longitudinal growth. Furthermore, atherosclerosis promotes the loss of elasticity of the arterial wall and increases the density of blood mass. Indeed, all these subsequent phenomena increase arterial stress. All the results are in good agreement with the expected result of the literature and could play an important role in the diagnosis of the patient with an arterial injury. It will also help the doctor and the surgeon to make a good clinical decision and good treatment planning.
Single Immunoglobulin IL‐1‐Related Receptor (SIGIRR) Gene rs7396562 Polymorphism and Expression Level in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yang Xiaoke , Zhang Mingyue , Xu Shengqian , Pan Haifeng , Leng Ruixue , Shuai Zongwen
Published: May 2021

Objectives. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and mRNA expression profile of single immunoglobulin IL-1-related receptor (SIGIRR) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Chinese population. Methods. SIGIRR rs7396562 polymorphism was genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay in 517 RA patients and 601 healthy controls. Simultaneously, the SIGIRR mRNA expression levels of 79 RA patients and 76 healthy controls were examined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Results. The frequency of SIGIRR rs7396562 T allele was significantly higher in RA patients compared with healthy controls (T versus G: OR = 1.277, 95%CI = 1.079 − 1.511, P = 0.004). The TT genotype of SIGIRR rs7396562 was more frequent in RA patients than in healthy controls (OR = 1.547, 95%CI = 1.107 − 2.163, P = 0.011). Moreover, we also found a significant difference in the recessive model (TT versus TG+GG: OR = 1.439, 95%CI = 1.122 − 1.847, P = 0.004). However, no significant evidence was observed for the association of the SIGIRR rs7396562 with RA in dominant model (TT+TG versus GG: OR = 1.275, 95%CI = 0.947 − 1.717, P = 0.109). Further analysis showed no association between SIGIRR rs7396562 polymorphism and laboratory parameters of RA patients (all P > 0.05). The mRNA expression of SIGIRR was decreased in PBMCs of patients with RA when compared to healthy controls (Z = −2.459, P = 0.014). No significant differences in SIGIRR mRNA expression levels were observed in patients with RA with different genotypes (P = 0.280). Conclusions. Our findings demonstrated that the dysregulation of SIGIRR might be associated with the pathogenesis of RA, and SIGIRR rs7396562 polymorphism might contribute to RA susceptibility in the Chinese population.
Posttraumatic Pancreatitis Four Days after Renal Injury with Massive Retroperitoneal Hematoma
Authors: Kiriyama Masamichi , Jitsuiki Kei , Muramatsu Ken-ichi , Furusawa Hoshiko , Moriya Soshi , Yanagawa Youichi
Published: May 2021

A 25-year-old man accidentally fell from a cliff and hit his right flank on the ground while camping. Initially, he was able to barely walk, but he ultimately became unable to walk at all due to severe flank pain. He had no remarkable personal or family history and was a social drinker. Upon arrival, he showed clear consciousness but was in a hemorrhagic shock state. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed extravasation of contrast medium from the injured right kidney with massive retroperitoneal hematoma. He underwent massive blood transfusion and tracheal intubation followed by renal embolization. His vital signs stabilized on hospital day 2, and he was extubated on day 3. On days 4 and 5, a blood examination revealed increased levels of amylase (360 and 904 IU/L, respectively). Enhanced CT on day 5 did not show signs of severe acute pancreatitis. The maximum amylase level was 1041 IU/L on day 6 and decreased day by day without deterioration of the severity of his acute pancreatitis. He was discharged on day 14. The subacute phase of posttraumatic acute pancreatitis in the present case may have been induced not by direct injury to the pancreas but by several causative factors, such as shock, increased pressure of the retroperitoneal space, or the release of inflammatory mediators from injured tissues or hematoma.
Manufacturing of Ecofriendly Bricks Using Microdust Cotton Waste
Authors: Teklehaimanot Mebrahtom , Hailay Haregeweyni , Tesfaye Tamrat
Published: May 2021

Large amounts of cotton microwastes are accumulated in textile industries. The cotton microdust is less to ignite and causes serious environmental problems and health hazards. This paper presents an experimental study, which investigates the potential use of cotton microdust to produce new and lightweight brick for construction industries. The physical and mechanical properties of brick mixes having different levels of cotton microdust ratio were investigated. The test results recorded for compressive strength, unit weight, and water absorption values satisfy the relevant required standards for normal construction bricks. The results show that the replacement of clay soil and cement by cotton microdust does not exhibit a sudden brittle fracture even beyond the failure loads, indicates high energy absorption capacity, reduces the unit weight dramatically, and introduces smother surface compared to the current concrete bricks in the market. The results also show that usage of cotton microdust with different mixing ratios for bricks will give light-weight composite, and brick could be an economical alternative to be used for partition of board concrete blocks and sound barrier panels.
Face Antispoofing Method Using Color Texture Segmentation on FPGA
Authors: Moon Youngjun , Ryoo Intae , Kim Seokhoon
Published: May 2021

User authentication for accurate biometric systems is becoming necessary in modern real-world applications. Authentication systems based on biometric identifiers such as faces and fingerprints are being applied in a variety of fields in preference over existing password input methods. Face imaging is the most widely used biometric identifier because the registration and authentication process is noncontact and concise. However, it is comparatively easy to acquire face images using SNS, etc., and there is a problem of forgery via photos and videos. To solve this problem, much research on face spoofing detection has been conducted. In this paper, we propose a method for face spoofing detection based on convolution neural networks using the color and texture information of face images. The color-texture information combined with luminance and color difference channels is analyzed using a local binary pattern descriptor. Color-texture information is analyzed using the Cb, S, and V bands in the color spaces. The CASIA-FASD dataset was used to verify the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme showed better performance than state-of-the-art methods developed in previous studies. Considering the AI FPGA board, the performance of existing methods was evaluated and compared with the method proposed herein. Based on these results, it was confirmed that the proposed method can be effectively implemented in edge environments.
Support Vector Machine-Based Backprojection Algorithm for Detection of Gastric Cancer Lesions with Abdominal Endoscope Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Images
Authors: Dai Huajia , Bian Yuhao , Wang Libin , Yang Junfeng
Published: May 2021

This study was to analyze the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for gastric cancer (GC) lesions and the treatment effect of complete laparoscopic radical resection (CLSRR). A malignant tumor recognition algorithm was constructed in this study based on the backprojection (BP) and support vector machine (SVM), which was named BPS. 78 GC patients were divided into an experimental group (received CLSRR) and a control group (received assisted laparoscopic radical resection (ALSRR)), with 39 cases in each group. It was found that the BPS algorithm showed lower relative mean square error (MSE) in axle x (OMSE, x) and axle y (OMSE, x), but the classification accuracy (CA) was the opposite (

P
<
0.05

). The postoperative hospital stay, analgesia duration, first exhaust time (FET), and first off-bed activity time (FOBA) for patients in the experimental group were less (

P
<
0.05

). The operation time of the experimental group (270.56 ± 90.55 min) was significantly longer than that of the control group (228.07 ± 75.26 min) (

P
<
0.05

). There were 3 cases of anastomotic fistula, 1 case of acute peritonitis, and 2 cases of lung infections in the experimental group, which were greatly less than those in the control group (7 cases, 4 cases, and 3 cases) (

P
<
0.05

). In short, the BPS algorithm was superior in processing MRI images and could improve the diagnostic effect of MRI images. The CLSRR could reduce the length of hospital stay and the probability of complications in GC patients, so it could be used as a surgical plan for the clinical treatment of advanced GC.
Optimization and Performance Analysis of Rail‐Train Coupling System with Inerters
Authors: Han Shichang , Wang Xian , Yang Chunxi , Xie Guowei , Qiu Zhongcheng , Wang Chen
Published: May 2021

Optimization for vertical vibration performance of a rail‐train coupling system is investigated in this paper with the introduction of inerters for both primary and secondary suspensions. A model of a typical Chinese passenger train that travels on a traditional rail with track, sleepers, and ballast is simulated. The goal is to improve the ride quality for the train and vibration attenuation for the rail system in response to track irregularities. Optimizations for only inertance and all suspension parameters are carried out by the particle swarm algorithm (PSO). Performance benefits for both the train and the rail system are demonstrated and suspension layouts with inerters connected in parallel and series are compared with the traditional one in both time domain and frequency domain.
Resolving the Spatial and Cellular Architecture of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Multiregion Single-Cell Sequencing
Authors: Sinjab Ansam , Han Guangchun , Treekitkarnmongkol Warapen , Hara Kieko , Brennan Patrick M. , Dang Minghao , Hao Dapeng , Wang Ruiping , Dai Enyu , Dejima Hitoshi , Zhang Jiexin , Bogatenkova Elena , Sanchez-Espiridion Beatriz , Chang Kyle , Little Danielle R. , Bazzi Samer , Tran Linh M. , Krysan Kostyantyn , Behrens Carmen , Duose Dzifa Y. , Parra Edwin R. , Raso Maria Gabriela , Solis Luisa M. , Fukuoka Junya , Zhang Jianjun , Sepesi Boris , Cascone Tina , Byers Lauren Averett , Gibbons Don L. , Chen Jichao , Moghaddam Seyed Javad , Ostrin Edwin J. , Rosen Daniel , Heymach John V. , Scheet Paul , Dubinett Steven M. , Fujimoto Junya , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Stevenson Christopher S. , Spira Avrum , Wang Linghua , Kadara Humam
Published: May 2021

Little is known of the geospatial architecture of individual cell populations in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) evolution. Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing of 186,916 cells from five early-stage LUADs and 14 multiregion normal lung tissues of defined spatial proximities from the tumors. We show that cellular lineages, states, and transcriptomic features geospatially evolve across normal regions to LUADs. LUADs also exhibit pronounced intratumor cell heterogeneity within single sites and transcriptional lineage-plasticity programs. T regulatory cell phenotypes are increased in normal tissues with proximity to LUAD, in contrast to diminished signatures and fractions of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, antigen-presenting macrophages, and inflammatory dendritic cells. We further find that the LUAD ligand–receptor interactome harbors increased expression of epithelial CD24, which mediates protumor phenotypes. These data provide a spatial atlas of LUAD evolution, and a resource for identification of targets for its treatment.

Significance:

The geospatial ecosystem of the peripheral lung and early-stage LUAD is not known. Our multiregion single-cell sequencing analyses unravel cell populations, states, and phenotypes in the spatial and ecologic evolution of LUAD from the lung that comprise high-potential targets for early interception.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355
Can Myogenic Tone Protect Endothelial Function? Integrating Myogenic Activation and Dilator Reactivity for Cerebral Resistance Arteries in Metabolic Disease
Authors: Halvorson Brayden D. , McGuire John J. , Singh Krishna K. , Butcher Joshua T. , Lombard Julian H. , Chantler Paul D. , Frisbee Jefferson C.
Published: May 2021

The obese Zucker rat (OZR) manifests multiple risk factors for impaired cerebrovascular function, including hypertension and insulin resistance although how they combine to produce integrated vascular function is unclear. As studies have suggested that myogenic activation (MA) severity for middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) may be proportional to hypertension severity, we hypothesized that MA will negatively correlate with dilator reactivity in OZR. MA of MCA from OZR was divided into low, medium, and high based on the slope of MA, while MCA reactivity and vascular metabolite bioavailability were assessed in all groups. Endothelium-dependent dilation of MCA in OZR was attenuated and correlated with the MA slope. Treatment of OZR MCA with TEMPOL (antioxidant) improved dilation in low or medium MA groups, but had less impact on high MA. Alternatively, treatment with gadolinium to normalize MA in OZR had reduced impact on dilator reactivity in MCA from low and medium MA groups, but improved responses in the high group. Treatment with both agents resulted in dilator responses that were comparable across all groups. These results suggest that, under conditions with stronger MA, endothelial function may receive some protection despite the environment, potentially from the ability of MCA to reduce wall tension despite increased pressure.
Risk of Vaccine-Preventable Infections in Swiss Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Pittet Laure F. , Verolet Charlotte M. , Michetti Pierre , Gaillard Elsa , Girardin Marc , Juillerat Pascal , Mottet Christian , Maillard Michel H. , Siegrist Claire-Anne , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. ,   The Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study Group
Published: May 2021

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of infection and are frequently not up to date with their immunizations. Objectives: This study aims to review vaccination status and evaluate whether age, disease type, or treatment regimen could predict the absence of seroprotection against selected vaccine-preventable infection in adults with IBD. Methods: Cross-sectional study using questionnaire, immunization records review, and assessment of tetanus-specific, varicella-specific, and measles-specific immunoglobulin G concentrations. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01908283. Results: Among the 306 adults assessed (median age 42.7 years old, 70% with Crohn’s disease, 78% receiving immunosuppressive treatment), only 33% had an immunization record available. Absence of seroprotection against tetanus (6%) was associated with increasing age and absence of booster dose; absence of seroprotection against varicella (1%) or measles (3%) was exclusively observed in younger patients with Crohn’s disease. There was no statistically significant difference in immunoglobulin concentrations among treatment groups. Although vaccinations are strongly recommended in IBD patients, the frequencies of participants with at least 1 dose of vaccine recorded were low for nearly all antigens: tetanus 94%, diphtheria 87%, pertussis 54%, poliovirus 22%, measles-mumps-rubella 47%, varicella-zoster 0%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 5%, Neisseria meningitidis 12%, hepatitis A 41%, hepatitis B 48%, human papillomavirus 5%, and tick-borne encephalitis 6%. Conclusions: Although many guidelines recommend the vaccination of IBD patients, disease prevention through immunization is still often overlooked, including in Switzerland, increasing their risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. Serological testing should be standardized to monitor patients’ protection during follow-up as immunity may wane faster in this population.