bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The modulation of endothelial glycocalyx by sulodexide on the porcine model of enzymatic endothelial glycocalyx damage – a pilot study
Authors: Astapenko David , Gorskaja Diana , Zrzavecky Marek , Kawashima Hanako , Ssali Edward , Navratil Pavel , Hana Ludek , Motesicky Jan , Radochova Vera , Hyspler Radomir , Ticha Alena , Lehmann Christian , Malbrain Manu LNG , Zadak Zdenek , Cerny Vladimir
Published: February 2025

Background:

Sulodexide is a glycosaminoglycan-based drug prescribed to patients with angiopathy. We performed a pilot study to investigate whether sulodexide positively modulates the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) layer and the microcirculation in a porcine model of EG enzymatic damage. The EG is a sugar-based endothelial lining that is involved in the physiology of the capillary wall and the pathogenesis of many diseases.

Methods:

EG damage was induced in eight piglets by hyaluronidase III and heparanase I given intravenously. Four animals received sulodexide 600 IU intravenously before the enzymes and four animals after the enzymes were administered. Four animals constituted a control group. Sublingual microcirculation by side-stream dark field imaging and plasmatic concentration of syndecan-1 by ELISA were measured at baseline, 20 min after intervention, and at the 40th, and 60th minute onwards. The statistics were performed with a one-way ANOVA test with Turkey's correction for multiple comparisons testing. Timepoint comparison was performed by Student t-test or Mann-Whitney test.

Results:

At baseline, there were no statistically significant differences between the animal groups. After the intervention, the levels of syndecan-1 were significantly lower in the control group. While there were no differences between the two intervention groups. The sublingual microcirculation analysis showed that the DeBacker score was significantly higher in the control group. At 60 min, there was also a statistically significant difference in DeBacker score between the groups (8.1 ± 1.6 mm−1 in the group with enzymes given first and 11 ± 0.92 mm−1 in the group with sulodexide given first, p = 0.03). The analysis of the proportion of perused vessels did not show any statistically significant differences.

Conclusion:

The results of the study demonstrated a working model of EG damage but no specific action of sulodexide on EG modulation. In the sublingual microcirculation analysis, the sulodexide reduced the fall in absolute tissue perfusion in 60 min.
Prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury on the porcine model of supra-renal aortic clamp by sulodexide
Authors: Hana Ludek , Tlapakova Katerina , Cizkova Dana , Ticha Alena , Lehmann Christian , Cerny Vladimir , Hahn Robert G , Koci Jaromir , Astapenko David
Published: February 2025

Background

The ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is unavoidable in vascular surgery. Damage to the microcirculation and endothelial glycocalyx might set up a shock with loss of circulatory coherence and organ failure. Sulodexide may help to protect endothelial glycocalyx and alleviate the ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods

Twenty female piglets underwent surgery with a 30-min-long suprarenal aortic clamp, followed by two hours of reperfusion. Ten piglets received sulodexide before the clamp, and 10 received normal saline. Blood and urine samples were taken at baseline and in 20-min intervals until the 120th minute to analyze the serum syndecan-1, E-selectin, and thrombomodulin. Albumin and glycosaminoglycans were examined in the urine. The kidney biopsies before and after the protocol were examined by light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The sublingual microcirculation was recorded by side-stream dark field imaging at the time as blood and urine.

Results

Based on the 2-way ANOVA testing, there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters of sublingual microcirculation. Serum markers of endothelial cell activation and damage (E-selectin and thrombomodulin) did not show any statistically significant difference either. Syndecan-1, a marker of glycocalyx damage, showed statistically significantly higher values based on the 2-way ANOVA testing (p < 0.0001) with the highest difference in the 80th minute: 7.8 (3.9–44) ng/mL in the control group and 1.8 (0.67–2.8) ng/mL in the sulodexide group. In the urine, the albuminuria was higher in the control group, although not statistically significant. Glycosaminoglycans were statistically significantly higher in the sulodexide group based on the mixed-effect analysis due to the intervention itself. Histological analysis of the renal biopsies showed necrosis in both groups after reperfusion.

Conclusion

Administering sulodexide significantly reduced the level of endothelial markers of IRI. The study results support further research into using preemptive administration of sulodexide to modulate IRI in clinical medicine.
Schizophrenia: Proportionality and erasure in Canadian news media
Authors: Adamson Gavin , Donaldson Liam
Published: February 2025

This mixed-method study analyzes reports related to schizophrenia in Canadian news media during the calendar year 2022 ( N = 237). The corpus was coded for tone, journalism sources and themes. Correlations between those elements were measured, and also compared against a baseline of random articles from the same database and time period. A variety of Welch’s t-tests suggest that news about this severe mental illness is negative in tone 63% of the time, and linked to themes of violence and criminality at twice the rate of the baseline corpus. Sources such as police, lawyers and others from the legal system dominate the articles by a wide margin in absolute and relative terms compared to the baseline. Organizational sources, such as advocacy groups, correlate to the minority of reports with a positive tone. Those living with schizophrenia or their families are quoted more frequently compared to the same kinds of voices in the baseline, but they do not result in positive tone. Political sources are under-represented in the corpus; reports related to the themes of resources and health care funding are coded at the lowest frequency. The data is considered in the context of journalism practice related to sourcing, its style guides and ethics guidance such as truth-seeking and proportionality, but also the post-structural theory of erasure as an explanatory gesture.
Sustained cooling comfort achieved through weft-knit spacer composite fabrics
Authors: Das Anik , Xu Lei , Shuofei Jia , Mia Rony , Assiri Mohammed A.
Published: February 2025

This research introduces a groundbreaking weft-knitted spacer composite fabric designed for a continuous cool feeling effect. Fabrication involved a double-sided circular weft machine, incorporating ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cool feeling fiber as the surface layer and carbon-coated nylon monofilament as the spacer layer. Quantitative assessments demonstrate a remarkable thermal conductivity of 0.329 W·m⁻1·K⁻1 for the developed fabric, significantly higher than the polyester spacer fabric used for comparison. The UHMWPE cool feeling fiber exhibited exceptional moisture conductivity and wettability, with a wicking height approaching 6 cm within the initial 3 minutes and a water contact angle of 44.47° after 40 seconds. This enables the capillary transport, diffusion, and evaporation of water molecules along the fiber surface. This process efficiently dissipates heat, resulting in a distinct tactile cool sensation. To further enhance the continuous cool feeling effect, the weft-knitted spacer fabric was integrated with needle-punched nonwoven fabrics containing phase change microcapsules (PCM) embedded viscose fiber. The PCM viscose fiber demonstrated a melting phase transition within 25–35°C, with an endothermic enthalpy of 6.48 J/g. This strategic incorporation not only amplifies the fabric’s cooling capabilities but also introduces an advanced dimension of temperature regulation, maintaining a temperature difference of approximately 1.2°C between the upper and lower surfaces of the composite fabric. The findings underscore the fabric’s multifaceted advantages, positioning it as a promising solution for diverse applications. Infrared thermal imaging revealed the composite fabric’s ability to maintain a lower surface temperature over time compared to polyester spacer fabric, while compression recovery tests showed its capacity to provide good mechanical support with a distinctive three-stage compression process. The innovative integration of materials yields a fabric with superior thermal and moisture management properties, making it ideal for applications ranging from advanced apparel to innovative seating materials. The quantitative thermal conductivity result, coupled with the synergistic effects of UHMWPE cool feeling fiber and PCM microcapsules, underscores the fabric’s potential to redefine comfort and functionality in textiles. This research serves as a foundation for future advancements in textile technologies, setting the stage for the creation of fabrics that offer sustained cooling, improved comfort, and enhanced user experiences.
Disparities in Aortic Aneurysm Mortality Trends: Revealing Sex and Racial Inequalities
Authors: Azuma Masashi , Ramirez Andrew , Moser G. William , Oh Kenny J. , Kashem Mohammed Abul , Toyoda Yoshiya , Mokashi Suyog
Published: February 2025

Background

Abdominal aortic dissection or aneurysm (AAA) is a significant health concern in developed nations often underdiagnosed with poor outcomes. Despite a decline in aortic dissection and aneurysm mortality rates in the US from 1999 to 2020, reported by the CDC, this improvement disproportionately favors males and Caucasians. This study aims to elucidate these disparities.

Methods

Data from the CDC Wonder database from 1999 to 2020 on aortic aneurysm, including abdominal, thoracic, and thoracoabdominal aneurysms and rupture related deaths in the US were analyzed. Mortality rates were compared across sex, race, and geographic location separated by state. Mortality was normalized based on population and analyzed with linear regression models with all plots showing goodness of fit.

Results

Overall, the mortality gap between male and female cohorts with aortic aneurysm-related deaths widened by 0.57 per 100,000 deaths per year ( P < 0.001). Mortality between Caucasians with African American and Asian American cohorts showed reductions of 0.41 per 100,000 per year ( P < 0.001). Caucasian and male cohorts started at higher mortality rates when compared to their competitive cohorts.

Conclusions

Despite a reduction in mortality rates among individuals with aortic aneurysm in the US from 1999 to 2020, this decline disproportionately benefits males and Caucasians over African American and Asian populations. Although Caucasians and males had higher mortality in 1999, their decline is significantly greater. Following current trends, Caucasian and male mortalities will be lower than minority groups by 2026. Targeted interventions are needed to address these disparities effectively.
Curcumin relieves CFA-induced inflammatory pain by inhibiting the AP-1/c-Jun-CCL2-CCR2 pathway in the spinal dorsal horn
Authors: Zhu Yi , Jiang Yinhong , Lu Xinyu , Li Siyu , Liu Fujiaying , Xu Yidan , Tian Yue , Gao Liangliang , Wei Lei
Published: February 2025

Inflammatory pain is a pervasive clinical issue that severely diminishes individuals’ quality of life. AP-1 (Activating protein-1) is a transcription factor composed of Jun and Fos proteins. Upregulation of AP-1/c-Jun activity is observed in a variety of diseases, particularly in inflammatory conditions. The CCL2 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2)/CCR2 (C-C Chemokine Receptor 2) axis plays a crucial role in regulating both peripheral and central inflammation. Curcumin, a natural compound derived from the roots of turmeric, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties, making it effective for treating various disorders. However, the effects of curcumin on inflammatory pain and its potential mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we utilized a CFA (Complete Freund’s Adjuvant)-induced inflammatory pain model to investigate the effects of curcumin. We found that curcumin effectively reduced CFA-induced mechanical allodynia when administered via intrathecal injection. Behavioral assessments were performed using the Von Frey test. Western blot analysis was performed to detect variations in molecular expression, while immunofluorescence was employed to ascertain cellular localization. Intrathecal injection of the AP-1/c-Jun inhibitor T-5224, along with curcumin, resulted in a reduction in the levels of c-Jun, p-c-Jun, CCL2, and CCR2. Additionally, intrathecal injection of the CCR2 antagonist RS504393 also reduced the expression of CCL2 and CCR2. In summary, curcumin plays a significant role in analgesia within the CFA-induced inflammatory pain model. CCL2/CCR2 acts as a downstream mediator of AP-1/c-Jun. Curcumin can suppress the expression of AP-1/c-Jun, thereby inhibiting the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 in the spinal dorsal horn and contributing to the treatment of inflammatory pain.
Person-centered maternity care and satisfaction with post-abortion care: A facility-based cross-sectional survey in Northern Uganda
Authors: Udho Samson , Ekung Emmanuel , Namutebi Deborah Andrinar , Aryek-kwe Josephine , Rubaihayo Abraham , Musinguzi Marvin , Kigongo Eustes , Penduka Annaloice , Nsaba Uwera Yvonne Delphine , Opio Bosco , Ogwal-Okeng Jasper
Published: February 2025

Background:

The experience of post-abortion care (PAC) is crucial to the quality of PAC services. However, there is limited literature on women’s experience with PAC, particularly the aspects of person-centered maternity care (PCMC) and satisfaction with PAC services.

Objective:

To examine the relationship between PCMC and satisfaction with PAC services.

Design:

A facility-based analytical cross-sectional study.

Methods:

A survey was conducted among 370 women aged 15–49 who sought PAC services at public health facilities in Lira city, Northern Uganda. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Spearman correlation test, and multiple linear regression.

Results:

The mean age of study participants was 26.1 (±6.3) years. The overall PCMC median score was 21.5 (interquartile range (IQR): 11) out of 36. The median scores for the sub-scales were as follows: 6 (IQR: 6–6) for dignity and respect out of 9; 9 (IQR: 5–13) for communication and autonomy out of 18; and 8 (IQR: 6–9) for supportive care out of 9. Satisfaction with PAC services’ score ranged from 6 to 42, and the median satisfaction score was 30 (IQR range: 28–32). Bivariate analysis revealed a weak but significant correlation between the overall PCMC scale and satisfaction with PAC services ( r = 0.21, p < 0.001). Sub-scales of dignity and respect and communication and autonomy also had a weak but significant correlation with satisfaction with PAC services ( r = 0.16, p = 0.002, and r = 0.21, p < 0.001 respectively). In a linear regression model, communication and autonomy score was significantly associated with higher satisfaction with PAC score ( β = 0.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.19; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

PCMC, particularly the aspects of communication between clients and providers and the promotion of clients’ autonomy, is associated with higher satisfaction with PAC services. Efforts to increase clients’ satisfaction with PAC should focus on strengthening communication between clients and providers and promoting clients’ autonomy during care.
An investigation into the use of wooden kitchen utensils in the Artvin region of Türkiye
Authors: Oğan Yener , Çakiroğlu Evren Osman , Taşdemir Taner
Published: February 2025

Wooden products are commonly used in rural areas to reflect traditional kitchen culture. Artvin is a region where rural populations are widespread, and forestry activities are heavily practiced. In this context, the study conducted specifically in the Artvin province aims to identify the use of wooden utensils in the local kitchen and reveal their place in culinary culture. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview form with 28 participants who had knowledge of Artvin's culinary culture and lived there for at least three generations. The collected data were analysed using ethnographic content analysis. Wooden products were examined under five themes related to storage, preparation, cooking, serving and other uses. The use of wooden products in kitchens is considered important for health reasons and its role as a cultural element. The durability, aesthetics and traditional, natural, authentic, long-lasting and environmentally friendly qualities of wooden products are reasons for their preference. Items such as bread, breakfast foods, spices, cheese, sugar and yogurt are stored in the kitchen for preservation purposes. Wood products, often made from walnut and oak trees, are commonly preferred. Cutting boards, mixing spoons, spatulas, plates, trays, bowls, eating spoons and tongs are prominent wooden items while serving plates, utensils, dough rollers, storage containers, strainers, cabinets, snack bowls, fruit holders, baskets, pestles, potholders, spoon holders, knife blocks and breadboxes are used for various other purposes.
“Religion” in a time of qualitative change
Authors: Boer Roland
Published: February 2025

This is the text of a keynote speech, delivered at the Critical Research on Religion Conference, June 7-10, 2024, in Hong Kong, China.
Intention to use digital-based psychosocial counseling and its predictors among students in University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023: Using modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model
Authors: Sendek Anteneh Deje , Kelkay Jenberu Mekurianew , Wubneh Henok Dessie , Beshir Miftah Abdella , Gashu Kassahun Dessie
Published: February 2025

Background:

Psychosocial problems are widely affecting the population around the world and worsening in university students. Timely access to psychosocial counseling and support remained challenging. Hence, implementing a digital-based approach to psychosocial counseling services could potentially improve access and efficiency for students in need. However, limited evidence on the intention to use digital-based psychosocial counseling and its predictors among university students in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the intention to use digital-based psychosocial counseling and its predictors among students at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 759 students from 28 March until 28 April 2023 at the University of Gondar, Northwest, Ethiopia. Proportional allocation was done, and the participants were selected using stratified random sampling. The median score was used as a cutoff point. The student who scores median and above on intention to use construct was considered as intended to use digital-based psychosocial counseling otherwise unintended. The interviewer-administered questionnaire, adapted from the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model and kobo collect app, was employed to collect the data. Data were exported to SPSS 20 for descriptive analysis and Analysis of Moment and Structure version 23 for structural equation modeling analysis to assess the significance of relationships between variables using a path coefficient and a p-value of <0.05.

Results:

A total of 750 (98.8%) responded to complete all the questionnaires. The proportion of intention to use digital-based psychosocial counseling was 54.9%, (95% CI: 51.3%–58.5%). A structural equation modeling shows that performance expectancy (β = 0.510, p-value < 0.001), effort expectancy (β = 0.082, p-value = 0.003), and social influence (β = 0.307, p-value < 0.001) had a direct relationship with intention to use digital-based psychosocial counseling. Gender (β = 0.545, p-value < 0.001) was moderate performance expectancy.

Conclusion and recommendation:

The study has shown a promising intention to use digital-based psychosocial counseling among university students. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence had a positive effect on the intention to use digital-based psychosocial counseling. Thus, the implementers need to give priority to enhancing and creating awareness for students related to how to use digital-based counseling.
Mapping the Literature Trends of Internal Auditing in the United States: A Systematic Review and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Hazaea Saddam A. , Cai Chun , Al-Matari Ebrahim Mohammed , Al-Bukhrani Mohammed A. , Chong H. Gin
Published: February 2025

This review study examines the existing literature on internal audit (IA) in the United States to identify how internal audit functions (IAFs) have evolved in response to global shifts in business practices. Despite growing attention to IA, the literature remains fragmented, limiting a comprehensive understanding of how IA has evolved in response to business practices. Through a systematic review, this study analyzes 171 studies published between 1984 and 2023 retrieved from the Scopus database. This study investigates the characteristics of the literature and topics discussed, focusing on six key aspects: the practice of IA, the role of IA, the quality of IA, information technology (IT) auditing, risk management, and the relationship between IA and other parties. The results reveal a paradigm shift in the activities undertaken by internal auditors and a significant transition in the literature from discussing traditional topics to new topics related to environmental changes, the climate crisis, geopolitical challenges, and technological developments. The results also emphasize the need for more theory-based, empirical, and comparative studies on IA in different contexts and sectors. This paper identifies substantial gaps in IA literature and proposes directions for future research agendas, particularly concerning the influence of politics, culture, and the effects of COVID-19 on IA practices. These insights provide valuable guidance for IA practitioners, researchers, standard setters, and the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) in refining frameworks and understanding global IA trends.
Implementation of a National Telephone Consultation Service for Clinicians in Mozambique
Authors: Ruano Maria , Maiela Adelina , Khapesse Margarida , Cumbi Célia , Bene Rosa , Uamir Restano , Branigan Erin , Lane Jeff , Nacarapa Edy , Vio Ferruccio , Mudender Florindo
Published: February 2025

The manuscript outlines the establishment of a remote consultation service for clinicians in Mozambique, highlighting best practices and lessons learned. It discusses the transition to full management by the Ministry of Health and the challenges of sustaining the service post-transition within the MoH Telehealth Program. The program evaluation results focus on the national telephone consultation service for HIV/AIDS care and treatment, which, between 2013 and 2019, received calls from a wide range of health facilities and cadres, including nonmedical prescribers, doctors, clinical assistants, and nurses. A 2017 clinician satisfaction survey indicated high satisfaction rates. Key implementation lessons emphasized the necessity of staffing the consultation line with highly trained clinicians, leveraging training to enhance service awareness and trust, supporting the public health system, maintaining operational flexibility, and strengthening pre-service clinical training.
Telemonitoring in Chronic Heart Failure Among the Elderly: A Rapid Review of Literature
Authors: Roaquin Lucky , Apsay Khandy Lorraine , Pangan Cauline Ruth , Hangdaan Loida , Lin Yunzhao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Chronic heart failure (HF) is a global health issue, with telemonitoring emerging as a key strategy for elderly patient management, aligning with the Universal Health Care Law.

Objective

To assess the impact of telemonitoring on the quality of life, hospitalization rate, and mortality rate among elderly patients with chronic HF.

Methods

A rapid review of 11 studies, including randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, prospective, and retrospective studies from 2013 to 2023, was performed using CINAHL. The studies encompassed 14,993 elderly patients with chronic HF from hospital and homecare settings.

Results

The impact of telemonitoring on quality of life, hospitalization, readmission, and mortality among elderly patients with chronic HF varies widely across studies. Three studies reported quality of life improvements in the intervention group, one showed no significant change, and most studies revealed no difference in all-cause hospitalizations and readmissions between intervention and control groups. Mortality rate comparisons also showed no significant differences.

Discussion

The studies, conducted between 2013 and 2020 primarily in high-income regions, highlight telemonitoring's growing role in managing chronic heart failure (CHF) among elderly patients, yet its global applicability remains limited by a lack of research from Asia and Africa. While telemonitoring systems showed promise in improving patient adherence, engagement, and potentially reducing mortality, their effectiveness on quality of life, hospitalization, and readmission rates is inconsistent, likely influenced by variability in system design and patient characteristics. Limitations such as reliance on a single database, a small number of studies, and underrepresentation of mortality data further constrain the generalizability and conclusiveness of the findings.

Conclusion

Telemonitoring is a complex, yet promising tool for elderly CHF patient management. To enhance care quality and fulfill universal healthcare goals, policymakers and healthcare practitioners should consider these insights to create precise, effective telemonitoring strategies.
Type 2 diabetes in stroke patients: Impact on outcomes, recurrence, resource use, and costs in France
Authors: Sibon Igor , Mohammedi Kamel , Quignot Nadia , Read Stephanie , Kapnang Raissa , Khachatryan Artak , Kikuchi Kazue , Ren Hongye , Massien Christine , Vigié Lucile , Larsen Sara , Fauchier Laurent
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Contemporary estimates of the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on stroke outcomes are important for care planning and resource allocation. This retrospective cohort study compared the incidence of stroke and subsequent clinical and economic outcomes following stroke among people with and without T2D.

Patients and methods:

Data were extracted from a subset of the French Système National des Données de Santé database. Stroke incidence as well as post-stroke clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), use of stroke preventative treatments, and costs were compared among people with and without T2D.

Results:

The study included 10,906 patients hospitalized for stroke including 2141 (19.6%) people with T2D. Age-standardized stroke incidence rates were 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1; 3.6) per 1000 person-years and 2.2 (2.1; 2.3) in people with and without T2D, respectively. Patients with T2D had significantly higher risk of stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01; 1.30) and mortality (HR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08; 1.25) than patients without T2D. The proportion of patients with T2D treated with statins decreased from 27.3% pre-stroke to 20.6% post-stroke but remained relatively stable among patients without T2D (from 13.4% to 13.1%). The mean healthcare costs in the 12 months following stroke were higher among patients with T2D than those without (€22,635 vs €18,629).

Discussion and Conclusion:

The incidence and clinical and economic burden of stroke is considerably higher among people with T2D. Further efforts are needed to reduce this disparity.
Effect of Weave Parameters on Air Resistance of Fabric Made From Doubled Yarns and With Different Weave Structures
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Rajalakshmi M , Vimal J Thanikai , Hayavadana J , Christy P Benitta , Prakash C
Published: February 2025

The effect weave parameters such as CFF (crossing over firmness factor), FYF (floating yarn factor), FFF (fabric firmness factor) and fabric geometrical properties, namely, areal density, thickness and porosity on air resistance, is examined. A series of woven fabrics differing only in weave structures and having the common count and fabric sett was produced from three types of doubled yarns, namely, compact/compact, conventional/conventional and compact/conventional. The hybrid combination was produced principally to reduce the cost of manufacturing doubled yarns. Essential data for the fabrics such as CFF, FYF, FFF, mass per unit area, thickness and porosity were determined. Air resistance was determined by performing the standard test KES-F8 API. Analysis of the results with respect to fabrics produced from the compact/compact, conventional/conventional and conventional/compact yarns shows a strong correlation between the air resistance, porosity, CFF, FYF, FFF, mass per unit area and thickness ( R = conventional/conventional 0.97, compact/compact 0.861, conventional/compact 0.974). Thus, in addition to the CFF, FYF and FFF, the thickness should also be taken into consideration for predicting the air resistance of fabrics. It is concluded that in order to predict air resistance, a number of parameters are needed and any conclusion which has been drawn using only CFF and FYF should be treated with caution.
Machine learning uncovers novel sex-specific dementia biomarkers linked to autism and eye diseases
Authors: Khan Ayub , Ghasemi Ali R , Ingram Krista K , Ay Ahmet
Published: February 2025

Background

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted significant interest as predictive biomarkers for various types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Machine learning (ML) methods enable the integration of miRNAs into highly accurate predictive models of dementia.

Objective

To investigate the differential expression of miRNAs across dementia subtypes compared to normal controls (NC) and analyze their enriched biological and disease pathways. Additionally, to evaluate the use of these miRNAs in binary and multiclass ML models for dementia prediction in both overall and sex-specific datasets.

Methods

Using data comprising 1685 Japanese individuals (GSE120584 and GSE167559), we performed differential expression analysis to identify miRNAs associated with five dementia groups in both overall and sex-specific datasets. Pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to further analyze these miRNAs. ML classifiers were used to create predictive models of dementia.

Results

We identified novel differentially expressed miRNA biomarkers distinguishing NC from five dementia subtypes. Incorporating these miRNAs into ML classifiers resulted in up to a 27% improvement in dementia risk prediction. Pathway analysis highlighted neuronal and eye disease pathways associated with dementia risk. Sex-specific analyses revealed unique biomarkers for males and females, with miR-128-1-5 as a protective factor for males in AD, VaD, and DLB, and miR-4488 as a risk factor for female AD, highlighting distinct pathways and potential therapeutic targets for each sex.

Conclusions

Our findings support existing dementia etiology research and introduce new potential and sex-specific miRNA biomarkers.
Culture & personality: Five expert visions
Authors: Choi Hyewon , Gelfand Michele J. , Hong Ying-yi , Oishi Shigehiro , Rentfrow Jason , Saucier Gerard , Benet-Martinez Veronica
Published: February 2025

Research on culture and personality has greatly enhanced personality science by bringing attention to the bidirectional processes by which socio-cultural factors shape personality and individuals in turn shape their social environments to fit and express their personalities. This review showcases the unique perspectives and topical contributions of five different sets of experts, who examine these issues from different standpoints and answer different questions. Specifically, these contributions focus on (1) the usefulness of anthropology-based distributive models of culture, (2) how culture and personality make-up each other, (3) the cultural and ecological basis of wellbeing, (4) how individual personality expressions relate to culture, and (5) the multicultural mind and self. These advances put personality psychology at the center of important current social science debates about the dynamic interplay between macro-level factors and individual variables, and how individuals can best manage cultural diversity and globalization.
An accelerated state
Authors: Pollio Andrea , Odeo Jack O
Published: February 2025

Writing about the digitalisation of subnational administrations in Kenya, Datta and Hoefsloot make the case for engaging the temporality of the state as a locus of power and its expression. As a cinematic auteur, they argue, the state times and sequences the asynchronous moments of its action. Building on this insight, the following commentary adds a vectoral dimension to the relationship between time and statecraft: acceleration, or, as physicists would define it, a directional rate of change in speed. Yet acceleration is more than an analytical metaphor: as we argue, it has been a collective grammar through which the Kenyan state itself has been given effect and sense through hastened infrastructural projects in the transition from autocracy and immobility to democracy and (digital) development.
Supporting Rural Special Educators Working Toward Licensure: Creation of Virtual Professional Development
Authors: Wilkerson Kimber L. , Olsen Rebekka , Leko Melinda M. , Ruppar Andrea , Dai Rui
Published: February 2025

The article describes a promising new, fully virtual, multicomponent professional development intervention to support special education teachers in rural schools who enter the profession without full state licensure. The intervention seeks to strengthen special educators’ self-efficacy in relation to classroom and behavior management, and their desire to stay in the profession, by focusing on three specific special education high-leverage practices. The iterative design and development process was completed over three school years with diverse stakeholders, culminating in a feasibility trial and demonstration of the intervention’s promise of effectiveness. The 6-month intervention, which includes virtual coaching and an online community of practice, and is accompanied by a website for resources, is designed to reduce attrition among rural special educators who are not fully licensed, increase their skills, and ultimately result in higher engagement for the students with disabilities who they serve.
Targeting NINJ1-mediated cell rupture to treat inflammatory diseases
Authors: Hur Claire Ju-Eun , Steinberg Benjamin Ethan
Published: February 2025

Cell death can terminate in plasma membrane rupture to release potent pro-inflammatory intracellular contents thereby contributing to inflammatory diseases. Cell rupture is an active process, mediated by the membrane protein ninjurin-1 (NINJ1) in pyroptosis, post-apoptosis lysis, ferroptosis, and forms of necrosis. Once activated, NINJ1 clusters into large oligomers within the membrane to initiate cellular lysis. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that inhibiting NINJ1 is a new strategy for treating immune-mediated diseases. Indeed, both small molecule inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies can target NINJ1 clustering to preserve plasma membrane integrity and mitigate disease pathogenesis. In this Perspective, we provide a summary of the current state of knowledge and recent developments in targeting cellular integrity during cell death through NINJ1 inhibition to treat inflammatory disease, with a focus on liver injury. As these NINJ1-mediated cell death pathways are pivotal in maintaining health and contribute to disease pathogenesis when dysregulated, the studies discussed within have broad implications across the immunologic basis of molecular medicine.
Commentary: Tolvaptan for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - an update
Authors: Gittus Matt , Haley Helen , Harris Tess , Borrows Sarah , Padmanabhan Neal , Gale Danny , Simms Roslyn , Williams Terri , Acquaye Aaron , Wong Alisa , Chan Melanie , Lee Eduardo , Ong Albert CM
Published: February 2025

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) affects up to 70 000 people in the UK and the most common inherited cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). It is generally a late-onset multisystem disorder characterised by bilateral kidney cysts, liver cysts and an increased risk of intracranial aneurysms. Approximately 50% of people with ADPKD reach ESKD by age 60. Disease-associated pain, discomfort, fatigue, emotional distress and, impaired mobility can impact health-related quality of life. The approval of tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, has greatly advanced the care for people with ADPKD, shifting the focus from general chronic kidney disease management to targeted therapeutic approaches. While guidance from NICE and SMC provides a foundational framework, this is not clear or comprehensive enough to offer practical guidance for healthcare professionals in real-world settings. This commentary expands on the previous United Kingdom Kidney Association (UKKA) commentary in 2016 with an updated evidence base, the incorporation of real-world data and expert opinion to provide practical guidance to healthcare professionals. Through co-development with people affected by ADPKD, it now incorporates valuable patient perspectives and offers practical recommendations for the UK kidney community seeking to harmonise the quality of care of all people with ADPKD.
Comprehensive predictors of drug-resistant epilepsy in MELAS: clinical, EEG, imaging, and biochemical factors
Authors: Gao Rui , Gu Lihua , Zuo Wenchao , Wang Pan
Published: February 2025

Background

Seizures are a common but often overlooked manifestation of MELAS. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of seizures in MELAS and to analyze the clinical, electroencephalographic, imaging, and biochemical factors associated with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods

A single-center retrospective study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics of seizures in MELAS patients. The study collected data on clinical features, muscle biopsy results, genetic testing, seizure symptoms, electroencephalography (EEG), neuroimaging findings, cerebrospinal fluid and blood biochemistry, and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). We also investigated the correlation between seizure frequency and mRS scores. In addition, we analyzed the risk factors for drug-resistant epilepsy in MELAS.

Results

A total of 37 patients with confirmed MELAS (24 males and 13 females) were included in the study. All patients experienced seizures, with an onset age ranging from 14 to 53 years and a mean of 32 years. These MELAS patients experienced a variety of seizure types, with generalized seizures being the most common. EEG findings revealed background rhythm abnormalities in all patients, and epileptiform discharges were observed in 37.8% of patients during the interictal phase. Status epilepticus (OR 16.499; 95% CI, 1.615–168.557; P = 0.018) and elevated resting serum lactate levels (OR 8.594; 95% CI, 1.342–59.733; P = 0.024) were identified as independent risk factors for drug-resistant epilepsy. In addition, changes in the seizure frequency at the last follow-up compared to baseline were positively correlated with the mRS score. (r = 0.533, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Status epilepticus and elevated resting serum lactate levels were predictive of the development of drug-resistant epilepsy in MELAS. Poor seizure control was significantly associated with increased clinical disability. Early identification of high-risk patients for drug-resistant epilepsy could facilitate the development of more effective treatment plans.
Thriving at work as a mediator between nurses’ structural empowerment and job performance, work-personal life benefits, stress symptoms and turnover intentions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Engström Maria , Björkman Annica , Silén Marit , Wahlberg Anna Carin , Skytt Bernice
Published: February 2025

Background

Nurses work in a knowledge-intensive sector with high demands for lifelong learning. Thriving is a positive psychological state, including a sense of mutual learning and vitality at work. Research on thriving, its antecedents and outcomes is called for. The study aim was to examine thriving as a mediator in the relationships between telephone nurses’ structural empowerment and the outcomes work-personal life benefits, job performance, work-related stress symptoms and turnover intentions, as well as to psychometrically test the Thriving Scale (Swedish version).

Methods

Questionnaire data, a national sample of 409 Swedish telephone nurses, were collected, and relationships were examined using multiple regression analyses with PROCESS macro. Factorial validity of the Thriving Scale was tested using confirmative factor analyses.

Results

There were statistically significant relationships between structural empowerment and the outcomes (work-personal life benefits, job performance, stress symptoms, turnover intentions), and these relationships were mediated by thriving. The Thriving Scale showed good internal consistency, and an acceptable to borderline mediocre fit for factorial validity. Thirty-two percent reported turnover intentions.

Conclusions

Good access to structural empowerment increases nurses’ thriving, which in turn improves work-personal life benefits, job performance, and decreases stress symptoms and turnover intentions. Managers should strive to improve nurses’ thriving at work, emphasizing good access to empowering structures.
Factors influencing access to primary health care in Luanda, Angola
Authors: de Carvalho Maquengo Antónia Sónia , Bastos Alfredo Manuel , Santana Marli Stela
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The primary health care system is the first of the three hierarchical levels of care, and it is the first point of contact of the population with the health system. In Luanda, Angola, the primary care network presents challenges in its management, as well as in the perception of its purposes, which constitutes a serious problem for the demand for health services, being the reason for this study. The present research aimed to evaluate the level of adherence and satisfaction related to the health care system and their influence on usage of the public primary health care facilities in Luanda, from the perspective of health professionals and users.

Methods

A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out on 120 health professionals and 423 users.

Results

We found a statistically significant association between the level of education and the professionals' disbelief in health services (P = 0.001), as well as the users' family income (P = 0.0002).

Discussion

The users' perception is that there is a switch in test results (P = 0.01). Furthermore, they also believe that when attending health units, the user leaves sicker than he entered (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Thus, it was found that the level of user adherence to the services of the primary health care units in Luanda ranged between "good" and "acceptable". We identified elements capable of compromising the quality of services and, consequently, interfering with adherence to them, which suggests the need for the development of management strategies for health facilities, in order to overcome the challenges presented in the study.
An exploratory study of electronic medical record implementation and recordkeeping culture: the case of hospitals in Indonesia
Authors: Hossain Md. Khalid , Sutanto Juliana , Handayani Putu Wuri , Haryanto Anasthasia Agnes , Bhowmik Joy , Frings-Hessami Viviane
Published: February 2025

Background

The digitization of healthcare, through electronic medical records (EMRs), is recognized globally as a transformative initiative. Indonesia mandated all healthcare facilities to adopt EMRs by December 31, 2023. However, this transition is complicated by diverse technological, cultural, and infrastructural challenges, with little research addressing the recordkeeping culture's impact on EMR adoption. This study investigates the electronic recordkeeping culture in Indonesian hospitals following a government mandate to adopt Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). It aims to understand the readiness and challenges in implementing EMRs across hospitals on Java and Sulawesi islands, focusing on infrastructure, staff digital skills, and varied adoption approaches.

Methods

A qualitative case study approach was utilized, involving focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 150 staff from 12 hospitals. Conducted between November 2023 and June 2024, the study applied thematic analysis based on Oliver and Foscarini’s (2020) recordkeeping culture framework to explore organizational readiness, technological infrastructure, and healthcare professionals' skills in managing electronic records.

Results

The findings reveal significant differences in EMR adoption between the islands. Hospitals on Java exhibited proactive engagement, supported by better technological infrastructure and staff training programs, while Sulawesi hospitals adopted EMRs primarily to meet regulatory requirements. Challenges included inconsistent internet connectivity, low digital literacy among staff, and ongoing reliance on paper records during the transition. Some Java hospitals have begun fostering a culture conducive to electronic recordkeeping by focusing on developing staff skills in EMR management.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of EMR adoption in Indonesia relies on addressing technological infrastructure issues and enhancing staff digital literacy. While progress has been made, particularly in more developed regions, a cohesive national strategy emphasizing technological support and targeted training is essential to fully realize the benefits of EMRs in improving healthcare and recordkeeping standards across Indonesia.