bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the thickness-dependent mechanical properties of graphene papers by in situ SEM tension
Authors: Cao Tianci , Liu Xianqiang , Cheng Xiaopeng , Li Yonghe , Sang Lijun , Ma Jinyao , Wang Jin , He Jiachuo , Wang Mingming , Zhang Yuefei
Published: February 2019

We prepared graphene paper (GP) using graphene sheets of different thickness. The fracture strength of the GP was assessed by uniaxial in-plane tensile tests using an in situ scanning electron microscope.
Praseodymium promotes B–Z transition in self-assembled DNA nanostructures
Authors: Bhanjadeo Madhabi M. , Subudhi Umakanta
Published: February 2019

Millimolar concentrations of PrCl3 can induce sequence-specific B–Z transition in various-self-assembled branched DNA (bDNA) nanostructures.
Connective synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted hydantoins by tandem α-amination and α-arylation of silyl ketene acetals
Authors: Saunthwal Rakesh K. , Cornall Matthew T. , Abrams Roman , Ward John W. , Clayden Jonathan
Published: February 2019

Amination of a silylated ester generates an intermediate urea that transfers an aryl ring to the aminated centre and cyclises to a hydantoin.
Supramolecular cages as differential sensors for dicarboxylate anions: guest length sensing using principal component analysis of ESI-MS and 1H-NMR raw data
Authors: Bravin Carlo , Guidetti Andrea , Licini Giulia , Zonta Cristiano
Published: February 2019

A differential sensor based on cages discriminate guests according to their length.
Site-selective nitrenoid insertions utilizing postfunctionalized bifunctional rhodium(ii) catalysts
Authors: Berndt Jan-Philipp , Radchenko Yevhenii , Becker Jonathan , Logemann Christian , Bhandari Dhaka R. , Hrdina Radim , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: February 2019

Site-selective nitrenoid insertions are made possible with a postfunctionalized dirhodium(ii)-catalyst equipped with a remote hydrogen bonding site.
The importance of morphology on the activity of lead cathodes for the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate
Authors: Pander James E. , Lum Jeremy Wei Jian , Yeo Boon Siang
Published: February 2019

We provide compelling evidence showing that the morphology of a lead cathode is very important in determining its selectivity and activity towards CO2 reduction to formate.
Applied potential-dependent performance of the nickel cobalt oxysulfide nanotube/nickel molybdenum oxide nanosheet core–shell structure in energy storage and oxygen evolution
Authors: Chiu Kuan-Lin , Lin Lu-Yin
Published: February 2019

This study proves the importance of trade-off for the electrochemically active surface area and the electrical conductivity for designing efficient nanomaterials applied on different electrochemical fields like energy storage and electrocatalysis.
Insight into the reaction mechanism of water, oxygen and nitrogen molecules on a tin iodine perovskite surface
Authors: Xie Guo , Xu Ling , Sun Lin , Xiong Yan , Wu Ping , Hu Bin
Published: February 2019

In this article, in order to study the lead-free perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 (MASnI3) reaction mechanism between perovskite surface molecules and gas molecules, we fabricated models for three different gas molecules adsorbing on an MASnI3 surface.
ZIF-8/ZIF-67-derived 3D amorphous carbon-encapsulated CoS/NCNTs supported on CoS-coated carbon nanofibers as an advanced potassium-ion battery anode
Authors: Miao Wenfang , Zhang Yu , Li Haotian , Zhang Zihao , Li Ling , Yu Ze , Zhang Wenming
Published: February 2019

A novel three-dimensional AC@CoS/NCNTs/CoS@CNFs composite was synthesized and used as an anode material for KIBs, which exhibited excellent performance.
Multifunctional gene delivery systems with targeting ligand CAGW and charge reversal function for enhanced angiogenesis
Authors: Zhang Qiaoping , Gao Bin , Muhammad Khan , Zhang Xubin , Ren Xiang-kui , Guo Jintang , Xia Shihai , Zhang Wencheng , Feng Yakai
Published: February 2019

A charge reversible polyanion with a targeting peptide was assembled onto binary gene complexes to enhance their endosomal escape and transfection efficiency.
Plasmonic MoO3−x nanoparticles incorporated in Prussian blue frameworks exhibit highly efficient dual photothermal/photodynamic therapy
Authors: Odda Atheer Hameid , Xu Youcui , Lin Jun , Wang Gang , Ullah Naseeb , Zeb Akif , Liang Kuang , Wen Long-ping , Xu An-Wu
Published: February 2019

A novel PB-MoO3−x NC has been developed by fabrication of molybdenum oxide within the framework of PB, to perform highly efficient synergistic PTT/PDT treatment under a single continuous NIR wave laser.
Piezoelectric nylon-11 nanoparticles with ultrasound assistance for high-efficiency promotion of stem cell osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Ma Baojin , Liu Feng , Li Zhao , Duan Jiazhi , Kong Ying , Hao Min , Ge Shaohua , Jiang Huaidong , Liu Hong
Published: February 2019

With the assistance of ultrasound, piezoelectric nylon-11 nanoparticle-mediated electric stimulation can promote the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs efficiently in a noninvasive way.
High hole mobility and light-harvesting in discotic nematic dendrimers prepared via ‘click’ chemistry
Authors: Concellón Alberto , Termine Roberto , Golemme Attilio , Romero Pilar , Marcos Mercedes , Serrano José Luis
Published: February 2019

We have developed a new strategy involving ‘click’ chemistry to prepare porphyrin-core dendrimers with peripheral coumarin moieties. They exhibit nematic discotic phases with hole mobilities among the highest values described in liquid crystals. Moreover, excitation of the coumarin moieties leads to energy transfer (antenna effect) to the porphyrin core.
Enantiopure versus racemic naphthalene diimide-based n-type organic semiconductors: effect on charge transport
Authors: Chen Ming , Li Jing , Jiao Xuechen , Yang Xiaochun , Wu Wenting , McNeill Christopher R. , Gao Xike
Published: February 2019

Enantiopure naphthalene diimide-based n-type organic semiconductors showed much higher electron mobility than that of racemic counterpart.
Label-free and sensitive detection of coralyne and heparin based on target-induced G-quadruplex formation
Authors: Chen Mingjian , Ma Changbei , Zhao Han , Wang Kemin
Published: February 2019

Herein we propose a label-free and sensitive detection method for coralyne and heparin, based on utilizing the complex of adenosine16 (A16) and coralyne to induce the formation of a G-quadruplex scaffold.
Facile fabrication of highly efficient ETL-free perovskite solar cells with 20% efficiency by defect passivation and interface engineering
Authors: Huang Chun , Lin Peng , Fu Nianqing , Liu Chang , Xu Baomin , Sun Kaiwen , Wang Danyang , Zeng Xierong , Ke Shanming
Published: February 2019

Modification of an FTO surface using tetramethylammonium hydroxide achieves 20.1% efficiency for ETL-free perovskite solar cells with a reduced hysteresis.
UV absorber co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as efficient hybrid UV-shielding materials for polypropylene
Authors: Ma Ruoyu , Tang Pinggui , Feng Yongjun , Li Dianqing
Published: February 2019

UV absorber co-intercalated layered double hydroxides can efficiently shield UV light and greatly enhance the anti-photoaging performance of polypropylene.
Recyclable magnetic NiFe2O4/C yolk–shell nanospheres with excellent visible-light-Fenton degradation performance of tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Chen Zhe , Gao Yuting , Mu Dongzhao , Shi Hongfei , Lou Dawei , Liu Shu-yuan
Published: February 2019

A NiFe2O4/C yolk–shell nanostructure was prepared via one-step calcination using polyacrylic acid sodium salt (PAAS) NPs as a template, which exhibited a highly efficient visible-light photocatalytic performance for the removal of TC in the presence of H2O2.
Preface
Authors: Valov Ilia , Bartlett Philip N.
Published: February 2019

Ilia Valov and Philip Bartlett introduce the Faraday Discussion volume on New memory paradigms: memristive phenomena and neuromorphic applications.
Correction: Protective role of air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) of yam family in myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury
Authors: Vasanthi Hannah Rachel , Mukherjee Subhendu , Ray Diptarka , Jayachandran Karuppiah Shanmugasundara Pandian , Lekli Istvan , Das Dipak Kumar
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Protective role of air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) of yam family in myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury’ by Hannah Rachel Vasanthi et al., Food Funct., 2010, 1, 278–283.
In-flow photooxygenation of aminothienopyridinones generates iminopyridinedione PTP4A3 phosphatase inhibitors
Authors: Tasker Nikhil R. , Rastelli Ettore J. , Blanco Isabella K. , Burnett James C. , Sharlow Elizabeth R. , Lazo John S. , Wipf Peter
Published: February 2019

A continuous flow photooxygenation of 7-aminothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-ones produces potent in vitro inhibitors of the cancer-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP4A3.
Promotion of the collagen triple helix in a hydrophobic environment
Authors: Kubyshkin Vladimir , Budisa Nediljko
Published: February 2019

The collagen triple helix is better suited for octanol than for water.
A smart molecular probe for selective recognition of nitric oxide in 100% aqueous solution with cell imaging application and DFT studies
Authors: Dutta Ananya , Islam Abu Saleh Musha , Maiti Debjani , Sasmal Mihir , Pradhan Chandradoy , Ali Mahammad
Published: February 2019

A simple, least-cytotoxic as well as an efficient fluorescent sensor HqEN480 recognizes NO in 100% aqueous solution with cell imaging application.
Ferrocene-based (photo)redox polymerization under long wavelengths
Authors: Garra Patxi , Brunel Damien , Noirbent Guillaume , Graff Bernadette , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Dietlin Céline , Sidorkin Valery F. , Dumur Frédéric , Duché David , Gigmes Didier , Fouassier Jean-Pierre , Lalevée Jacques
Published: February 2019

Ferrocene-based photoredox catalysis is proposed here for the first time.
Reductive annulations of arylidene malonates with unsaturated electrophiles using photoredox/Lewis acid cooperative catalysis
Authors: Betori Rick C. , McDonald Benjamin R. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: February 2019

A cooperative Lewis acid/photocatalytic reduction of salicylaldehyde-derived arylidene malonates provides access to a versatile, stabilized radical anion enolate. Using these unusual umpolung operators, we have developed a novel route to access densely functionalized carbo- and heterocycles through a radical annulation addition pathway.
Ni–Co hydroxide nanosheets on plasma-reduced Co-based metal–organic nanocages for electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Chen Wenxia , Zhang Yiwei , Huang Rong , Zhou Yuming , Wu Yangjin , Hu Yingjie , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: February 2019

Development of highly efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with high electrical conductivity and chemical stability is critical for various energy conversion devices and systems, yet still remains a formidable challenge.
An intricately designed poly(vinylene carbonate-acrylonitrile) copolymer electrolyte enables 5 V lithium batteries
Authors: Wang Peng , Chai Jingchao , Zhang Zhonghua , Zhang Huanrui , Ma Yue , Xu Gaojie , Du Huiping , Liu Tianmeng , Li Guicun , Cui Guanglei
Published: February 2019

A novel high-voltage polymer electrolyte based on poly(vinylene carbonate-acrylonitrile) is successfully prepared for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 lithium batteries, which endows the high voltage batteries with significant improved performance.
Lithiophilicity conversion of the Cu surface through facile thermal oxidation: boosting a stable Li–Cu composite anode through melt infusion
Authors: Wu Shuilin , Jiao Tianpeng , Yang Shaoran , Liu Bin , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Kaili
Published: February 2019

Through a facile thermal oxidation approach, the surface of Cu mesh was modified from lithiophobic into lithiophilic. Then, following with a melting infusion process, metallic Li was homogeneously pre-loaded into the Cu mesh to form a stable Li–Cu composite anode which could simultaneously restrain the growth of Li dendrites and accommodate the volume fluctuation of metallic Li during cycling.
PEDOT-engineered Bi2O3 nanosheet arrays for flexible asymmetric supercapacitors with boosted energy density
Authors: Zheng Shizheng , Fu Yang , Zheng Lijun , Zhu Zhengyou , Chen Jian , Niu Zhiqiang , Yang Dachi
Published: February 2019

Bi2O3 is a promising negative material but the capacitance is limited by poor intrinsic conductivity and ionic diffusion. PEDOT engineered Bi2O3 presents boosted capacitance, originating from increased surface conductivity and improved chemical states.
N-, B-, P-, Al-, As-, and Ga-graphdiyne/graphyne lattices: first-principles investigation of mechanical, optical and electronic properties
Authors: Mortazavi Bohayra , Shahrokhi Masoud , Madjet Mohamed E. , Hussain Tanveer , Zhuang Xiaoying , Rabczuk Timon
Published: February 2019

We predicted novel N-, B-, P-, Al-, As-, Ga-graphdiyne/graphyne 2D lattices and explored their mechanical, thermal stability, electronic and optical characteristics.
Critical role of nanoinclusions in silver selenide nanocomposites as a promising room temperature thermoelectric material
Authors: Lim Khak Ho , Wong Ka Wai , Liu Yu , Zhang Yu , Cadavid Doris , Cabot Andreu , Ng Ka Ming
Published: February 2019

The introduction of nonmetal nanoinclusions within Ag2Se results in an interphase band bending that promotes electron filtering and increase Seebeck coefficient. Similar loading of metal nanoinclusions provided an opposite effect-modulating free carrier concentration, as characterized by superior electrical conductivities and lower Seebeck coefficients.
AIE-active difluoroboronated acylhydrozone dyes (BOAHY) emitting across the entire visible region and their photo-switching properties
Authors: Yu Changjiang , Hao Erhong , Fang Xingbao , Wu Qinghua , Wang Long , Li Jiahua , Xu Linli , Jiao Lijuan , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: February 2019

A family of AIE-active BF2-anchored acylhydrozones, named BOAHY, are developed, emitting bright solid fluorescence across the entire visible region. The photoisomerization study paves a new way for creating fluorescent photoswitches.
Enabling New Articulatory Gestures in Children With Persistent Speech Sound Disorders Using Ultrasound Visual Biofeedback
Authors: Cleland Joanne , Scobbie James M. , Roxburgh Zoe , Heyde Cornelia , Wrench Alan
Published: February 2019

Purpose

This study evaluated ultrasound visual biofeedback treatment for teaching new articulations to children with a wide variety of speech sound disorders. It was hypothesized that motor-based intervention incorporating ultrasound would lead to rapid acquisition of a range of target lingual gestures with generalization to untreated words.

Method

Twenty children aged 6–15 years with a range of mild to severe speech disorders affecting a variety of lingual targets enrolled in a case series with replication. Of these, 15 children completed the intervention. All of the children presented with a variety of errors. We therefore employed a target selection strategy to treat the most frequent lingual error. These individual speech targets were treated using ultrasound visual biofeedback as part of ten to twelve 1-hr intervention sessions. The primary outcome measure was percentage of target segments correct in untreated wordlists.

Results

Six children were treated for velar fronting; 3 children, for postalveolar fronting; 2 children, for backing alveolars to pharyngeal or glottal place; 1 child, for debuccalization (production of all onsets as [h]); 1 child, for vowel merger; and 2 children, for lateralized sibilants. Ten achieved the new articulation in the 1st or 2nd session of intervention, despite no children being readily stimulable for their target articulation before intervention. In terms of generalization, effect sizes for percentage of target segments correct ranged from no effect (5 children), small effect (1 child), medium effect (4 children), and large effect (5 children).

Conclusions

Ultrasound visual biofeedback can be used to treat a wide range of lingual errors in children with various speech sound disorders, from mild to severe. Visual feedback may be useful for establishing new articulations; however, generalization is more variable.
Chromatic dispersion tolerance of high‐speed and spectral‐efficient optical signal converted from terahertz‐wave signal
Authors: Takiguchi K.
Published: February 2019

Transmission characteristics of an optical signal, which is converted from a high‐speed terahertz‐wave signal with high spectral efficiency, are investigated and reported. A Nyquist time division multiplexing 40 Gbit/s on–off keying signal in the terahertz band is generated with high‐speed photo‐mixing. The generated terahertz‐wave signal is again converted into an optical signal with heterodyne detection, optical intensity modulation, and optical filtering. Then the chromatic dispersion tolerance of the converted optical signal is investigated in order to obtain knowledge for realising the connection between the fibre‐optic and the wireless links. After briefly explaining the conversion method, some related experimental results are reported. The results include evaluation of chromatic dispersion tolerance with regard to the optical signal at the final stage. As a sequel to bit error rate measurement, the optical signal can be transmitted to a 9 km‐long single‐mode fibre without chromatic dispersion compensation.
Real‐time cyber−physical system co‐simulation testbed for microgrids control
Authors: Cao Ge , Gu Wei , Gu Chenxiao , Sheng Wanxing , Pan Jing , Li Rui , Sun Lijing
Published: February 2019

This study presents a real‐time cyber−physical system co‐simulation testbed for microgrids. The proposed testbed consists of two parts, a power simulator and a communication simulator, which has the capacity to emulate a physical micro‐grid with large numbers of power electronic devices and its cyber system at real time. Furthermore, an interaction interface approach based on Ethernet is presented to synchronise data between two distinct simulation systems, as well as establishing the mapping relationship between corresponding nodes of power systems and communication systems. Through the detailed models of microgrids and accurate emulation of the cyber system, the developed testbed provides a simulation environment for the verification of the microgrids control algorithm and the influence of cyber events on microgrids performance. A case study is provided to explain the complete simulation process and demonstrate the ability of the testbed.
Improved hybrid modular multilevel converter with enhanced fault ride‐through capability and fast pre‐charging strategies
Authors: Li Dongye , Ji Zhendong , Sun Yichao , Zhao Jianfeng , Lei Jiaxing , Yue Yue
Published: February 2019

This study proposes an improved hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology with enhanced fault ride‐through capability and fast pre‐charging strategies. This improved MMC topology mainly consists of the half‐bridge sub‐modules (HBSMs), the modified series connected double sub‐modules (MSDSMs), and the adjustable damping sub‐module (ADSM). In the improved topology, in addition to being configured on the MMC AC‐side, resistors are also configured in MSDSMs and ADSM, respectively, in the MMC. This type of resistance configuration based on the improved MMC topology benefits adjusting the value of the total equivalent current limiting resistance during the pre‐charging process, leading to a higher pre‐charging speed and a lower SM voltage drop risk. Three different pre‐charging strategies can cope with changes in resistance configuration caused by the increasing number of SMs. Furthermore, the resistances in MSDSM and ADSM also help dissipate the energy caused by the DC short‐circuit fault so that the fault ride‐through capacity is enhanced. The simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed topology and the corresponding pre‐charging strategies.
Big data analytics in smart grids: state‐of‐the‐art, challenges, opportunities, and future directions
Authors: Bhattarai Bishnu P. , Paudyal Sumit , Luo Yusheng , Mohanpurkar Manish , Cheung Kwok , Tonkoski Reinaldo , Hovsapian Rob , Myers Kurt S. , Zhang Rui , Zhao Power , Manic Milos , Zhang Song , Zhang Xiaping
Published: February 2019

Big data has potential to unlock novel groundbreaking opportunities in power grid that enhances a multitude of technical, social, and economic gains. As power grid technologies evolve in conjunction with measurement and communication technologies, this results in unprecedented amount of heterogeneous big data. In particular, computational complexity, data security, and operational integration of big data into power system planning and operational frameworks are the key challenges to transform the heterogeneous large dataset into actionable outcomes. In this context, suitable big data analytics combined with visualization can lead to better situational awareness and predictive decisions. This paper presents a comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art review of big data analytics and its applications in power grids, and also identifies challenges and opportunities from utility, industry, and research perspectives. The paper analyzes research gaps and presents insights on future research directions to integrate big data analytics into power system planning and operational frameworks. Detailed information for utilities looking to apply big data analytics and insights on how utilities can enhance revenue streams and bring disruptive innovation are discussed. General guidelines for utilities to make the right investment in the adoption of big data analytics by unveiling interdependencies among critical infrastructures and operations are also provided.
Research on the dual‐terminal ring topology‐based dc microgrid system
Authors: Fei Yijun , Zhuang Jun , Li Guanjun , Yao Liangzhong , Yang Bo
Published: February 2019

A dual‐terminal ring topology dc microgrid is studied and discussed in this study, the topology includes photovoltaic power generation, supercapacitor system, energy storage system, vehicle‐to‐grid charger and dc loads, this typical dc microgrid is fully filled with all essential elements. The key equipment is summarised with relative topology and corresponding control strategies. Four operational modes are outlined in grid‐connected and stand‐alone mode. A relative simulation is undertaken by Matlab/Simulink software packet and three key scenarios are analysed on both steady state and dynamic state, the research results show that the dual‐terminal ring topology‐based dc grid has advantages on reliability and flexibility.
Evolution of superclusters in the cosmic web
Authors: Einasto J. , Suhhonenko I. , Liivamägi L. J. , Einasto M.
Published: February 2019

Aims. We investigate how properties of the ensemble of superclusters in the cosmic web evolve with time.

Methods. We performed numerical simulations of the evolution of the cosmic web using the Λ cold dark matter model in box sizes L0 = 1024, 512, 256 h−1 Mpc. We found supercluster ensembles of models for four evolutionary stages, corresponding to the present epoch z = 0, and to redshifts z = 1, z = 3, and z = 10. We calculated fitness diameters of superclusters defined from volumes of superclusters divided by filling factors of over-density regions. Geometrical and fitness diameters of largest superclusters, and the number of superclusters as functions of the threshold density were used as percolation functions to describe geometrical properties of the ensemble of superclusters in the cosmic web. We calculated the distributions of geometrical and fitness diameters and luminosities of superclusters, and followed the time evolution of percolation functions and supercluster distributions. We compared percolation functions and supercluster distributions of models and samples of galaxies of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS).

Results. Our analysis shows that fitness diameters of superclusters have a minimum at a certain threshold density. Fitness diameters around minima almost do not change with time in co-moving coordinates. Numbers of superclusters have maxima which are approximately constant for all evolutionary epochs. The geometrical diameters of superclusters decrease during the evolution of the cosmic web, and the luminosities of superclusters increase during this evolution.

Conclusions. Our study suggests that evolutionary changes occur inside supercluster cells of dynamical influence. The stability of fitness diameters and numbers of superclusters during the evolution is an important property of the cosmic web.
Spot evolution in the eclipsing binary CoRoT 105895502
Authors: Czesla S. , Terzenbach S. , Wichmann R. , Schmitt J. H. M. M.
Published: February 2019

Stellar activity is ubiquitous in late-type stars. The special geometry of eclipsing binary systems is particularly advantageous to study the stellar surfaces and activity. We present a detailed study of the 145 d CoRoT light curve of the short-period (2.17 d) eclipsing binary CoRoT 105895502. By means of light-curve modeling with Nightfall, we determine the orbital period, effective temperature, Roche-lobe filling factors, mass ratio, and orbital inclination of CoRoT 105895502 and analyze the temporal behavior of starspots in the system. Our analysis shows one comparably short-lived (≈40 d) starspot, remaining quasi-stationary in the binary frame, and one starspot showing prograde motion at a rate of 2.3° day−1, whose lifetime exceeds the duration of the observation. In the CoRoT band, starspots account for as much as 0.6% of the quadrature flux of CoRoT 105895502, however we cannot attribute the spots to individual binary components with certainty. Our findings can be explained by differential rotation, asynchronous stellar rotation, or systematic spot evolution.
Sectoral r modes and periodic radial velocity variations of Sun-like stars
Authors: Lanza A. F. , Gizon L. , Zaqarashvili T. V. , Liang Z.-C. , Rodenbeck K.
Published: February 2019

Context. Radial velocity (RV) measurements are used to search for planets orbiting late-type main-sequence stars and to confirm the transiting planets.

Aims. The most advanced spectrometers are now approaching a precision of ~10 cm s−1, which implies the need to identify and correct for all possible sources of RV oscillations intrinsic to the star down to this level and possibly beyond. The recent discovery of global-scale equatorial Rossby waves in the Sun, also called r modes, prompted us to investigate their possible signature in stellar RV measurements. These r modes are toroidal modes of oscillation whose restoring force is the Coriolis force; they propagate in the retrograde direction in a frame that co-rotates with the star. The solar r modes with azimuthal orders 3 ≤ m ≲ 15 were identified unambiguously because of their dispersion relation and their long e-folding lifetimes of hundreds of days.

Methods. In this paper, we simulate the RV oscillations produced by sectoral r modes with 2 ≤ m ≤ 5 by assuming a stellar rotation period of 25.54 days and a maximum amplitude of the surface velocity of each mode of 2 m s−1. This amplitude is representative of the solar measurements except for the m = 2 mode, which has not yet been observed on the Sun.

Results. Sectoral r modes with azimuthal orders m = 2 and 3 would produce RV oscillations with amplitudes of 76.4 and 19.6 cm s−1 and periods of 19.16 and 10.22 days, respectively, for a star with an inclination of the rotation axis to the line of sight i = 60°. Therefore, they may produce rather sharp peaks in the Fourier spectrum of the radial velocity time series that could lead to spurious planetary detections.

Conclusions. Sectoral r modes may represent a source of confusion in the case of slowly rotating inactive stars that are preferential targets for RV planet search. The main limitation of the present investigation is the lack of observational constraints on the amplitude of the m = 2 mode on the Sun.
Plasma parameters of RF capacitively coupled discharge: comparative study between a plane cathode and a large hole dimensions multi-hollow cathode
Authors: Djerourou Samira , Djebli Mourad , Ouchabane Mohamed
Published: February 2019

This work deals with a comparative study of plasma discharge generated by two geometrical configurations of cathodes through an investigation of their plasma parameters. A large hole diameter and depth (D = 40 mm, W = 50 mm) multi-hollow (MH) cathode compared with a plane (PL) cathode are presented for argon capacitively coupled radiofrequency discharge. The electrical characteristics of MH and PL cathodes have been measured in terms of the self-bias voltage (Vdc) while the Langmuir probe was used to measure electron density (ne) and electron temperature (Te) for a wide range of gas pressure (60–400 mTorr) and incident power (50–300 W). It is found that the hollow cathode effect (HCE) is optimum at 60 mTorr with 220 mTorr as a critical gas pressure for which a transition from HCE to insufficient HCE is seen. The electron temperature varies from 3 to 5 eV in the case of MH and PL cathodes with respect to incident power and gas pressure.
Energy Policies at Crossroads − Will Europe's 2030 targets and framework be in line with the Paris Climate Agreement?
Authors: Hinrichs-Rahlwes Rainer
Published: February 2019

In November 2016, the European Commission presented the Clean-Energy-for-all-Europeans Package. It consists of eight legislative proposals which should define targets and policy and regulatory frameworks for the EU's climate and energy policies up to 2030 and beyond. Recasts of the existing Renewable Energies Directive and the Energy Efficiency Directive, as well as proposals for a new energy market design, which should be fit for renewables, are among the key elements of the package, which aims at replacing the existing 2020-framework. The package includes 2030-targets for Greenhouse Gas Reduction (at least 40%), Energy Efficiency (at least 27/30%), and the share of Renewables in Gross Final Energy Consumption (at least 27%). In contrast to the 2020-framework, the EU-wide renewables-target would no longer be underpinned by binding national targets but should be reached in a joint effort with a new governance system. Since the proposal was submitted to the European Parliament and the European Council for the legislative procedures which must end in an agreement before the next elections for the European Parliament in 2019, controversial debates are taking place. The intention is to finalise the legal procedures before the end of 2018. Parliament and Council had planned to decide about their respective opinions about the various pieces by February 2018. Afterwards, probably not finished before the end of 2018, compromise negations will take place, before the whole package will eventually be accepted by both bodies. Among the most controversially discussed topics is the ambition level of the proposals and whether or not it is in line with the commitments signed by the EU and all its Member States in the context of the Paris Agreement. Industry stakeholders not only from the renewable energy sector and environmental NGOs have proposed significantly higher targets in order to stay “well below 2 °C” of global warming before the end of the century. They also suggested continuing binding national targets or − as a compromise − enacting a very strict governance system. I shall present and evaluate the state of play of the 2030-framework decision process. And I shall end with some policy recommendation still to be considered in the ongoing debate.
Future Aspects of Clinical Osteoarthritis Therapies in the Continuum of Translational Research
Authors: Schrenker Steffen , Gao Liang , Cucchiarini Magali , Madry Henning
Published: February 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects a significant number of the worldʼs adult population. In recent years different causal approaches to treat OA based on new translational knowledge have been developed. This review article provides, a brief overview of new findings on the pathophysiology and genetics and the interplay between biomechanics, pain and body weight. Current pharmacological and reconstructive surgical treatment options as well as studies on novel regenerative and molecular therapies of OA, such as applying NGF, FGF-18, TNF-α, Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors, and TGF-β1 gene therapy are discussed. The basis of this work is a selective literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Selected new findings are discussed in the clinical perspective of OA.
Effect of the Extract and Constituents From Hancornia speciosa Fruits in Osteoclasts
Authors: Alves e Silva Micena , Pacheco Cinthia , Madeira Mila , Saraiva Adriana , de Freitas Elisângela , Valverde Thalita , Gomes José , de Pádua Rodrigo , Kitten Gregory , Alves Sandra , Braga Fernão , da Silva Tarcília
Published: February 2019

Hancornia speciosa is a medicinal species traditionally used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat a variety of conditions. Compounds isolated from the leaves, bark, and trunk of this plant have shown therapeutic properties, but only recently have the fruits of H. speciosa been explored for potential pharmacological applications. The present study investigated the effects of an ethanolic extract from the fruits, fractions, and compounds thereof in bone resorbing cells. Primary osteoclast cultures from bone marrow cells and osteoclasts derived from a monocyte/macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, were incubated with different concentrations of the ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction, quinic acid, and L-(+)-bornesitol. In RAW 264.7 cell cultures, quinic acid significantly reduced osteoclast formation. In bone marrow cell-derived osteoclasts, the ethyl acetate fraction induced a decrease in the number of osteoclasts, promoting a remarkable reduction in the mean area of those cells and in their resorption activity. The compounds quinic acid and bornesitol also affected bone marrow cell-derived osteoclasts. In both cell cultures, the substances tested did not affect cell viability/proliferation. In conclusion, components extracted from H. speciosa fruit affected the cells responsible for bone resorption, making them promising tools for interference in osteoclastogenesis.
Risk Factors for Tibial Component Oversizing in Total Knee Arthroplasty among African Americans
Authors: Padmanabha Anand , Li Michael T. , Tybor David J. , Smith Eric L.
Published: February 2019

Incidences and risk factors for tibial component oversizing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been well described, predominantly in Caucasian samples. Component oversizing has been linked to variations in proximal tibial shape and morphology, which has been found to be objectively different in African Americans compared with Caucasians. These anthropometric differences may affect the conformity of modern TKA systems to the anatomy of African Americans undergoing TKA. We sought to investigate the incidence and risk factors for tibial baseplate oversizing in an exclusively African American population undergoing TKA with a symmetric tibial baseplate. We reviewed the records of self-reported African American patients who had undergone a primary TKA at a single academic institution between 2005 and 2016. The primary outcome was incidence of tibial baseplate oversizing in the coronal and sagittal planes as determined by a single set of appropriately rotated postoperative orthogonal radiographs. Logistic regression models identified trends in oversizing within the population based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and TKA model. Among all 525 knees being evaluated, the occurrences of medial and lateral overhang were 14.2 and 15.2%, respectively. Increase in age was associated with lower risk of medial tibial overhang (odds ratio = 0.97 for each 1-year increase in age). Simple linear regression models described a linear relationship between BMI and overhang, with every one-unit increase in BMI, medial tibial overhang is 0.031 mm higher and posterior tibial overhang is 0.062 mm higher. Mediolateral oversizing was approximately twice more likely in females than males. Among TKA models used, the Stryker Triathlon had the least risk for mediolateral oversizing and the P.F.C. SIGMA demonstrated the least propensity for anteroposterior oversizing. To conclude, incidence of mediolateral tibial oversizing in this population was common. Previously identified variables affecting proximal tibial morphology, including age, body morphotype, and gender, may be equally applicable to the conformity of tibial baseplates in this population. Surgeons must pay particular attention to avoid mediolateral tibial oversizing in this population, especially in obese and older patients.
Fibrin Modulates Shear-Induced NETosis in Sterile Occlusive Thrombi Formed under Haemodynamic Flow
Authors: Yu Xinren , Diamond Scott
Published: February 2019

Neutrophils can release extracellular traps (NETs) in infectious, inflammatory and thrombotic diseases. NETs have been detected in deep vein thrombosis, atherothrombosis, stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation and trauma. We have previously shown that haemodynamic forces trigger rapid NETosis within sterile occlusive thrombi in vitro. Here, we tested the effects of thrombin, fibrin and fibrinolysis on shear-induced NETosis by imaging NETs with Sytox Green during microfluidic perfusion of factor XIIa-inhibited or thrombin-inhibited human whole blood over fibrillar collagen (±tissue factor). For perfusions under venous pressure drops (19 mm Hg/mm-clot), thrombin generation did not alter the near-zero level of NET generation. In contrast, production of thrombin/fibrin led to a twofold reduction in neutrophil accumulation and a sixfold reduction in NET generation after 30 minutes of arterial perfusion (163 mm Hg/mm-clot). Exogenously added tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) drove robust fibrinolysis; however, tPA did not trigger NETosis under venous flow. In contrast, tPA did enhance NET generation in clots subjected to arterial pressure drops. After 45 minutes of arterial perfusion, clots treated with 30 nM tPA had a threefold increase in total NET production and a twofold increase in normalized NET generation (measured as deoxyribonucleic acid:neutrophil) compared with fibrin-rich clots. Blocking fibrin polymerization resulted in similar level of NET release seen in tPA-treated clots, whereas ε-aminocaproic acid abolished the NET-enhancing effect of tPA. Therefore, fibrin suppresses NET generation and the absence of fibrin promotes NETs. We demonstrated that shear-induced NETosis was strongly inversely correlated with fibrin in sterile occlusive clots.
4.3.15 Bismuth Compounds (Update 2018)
Authors: Gagnon A. , Benoit E. , Le Roch A.
Published: February 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the synthesis of organobismuth compounds and their use in organic synthesis. Organobismuth compounds are organometallic species that contain a carbon-bismuth bond. These species have been used as catalysts and reagents in various reactions that lead to the formation of carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-oxygen, carbon-sulfur, and carbon-selenium bonds.
33.1.4.2 Alk-1-enesulfinic Acids and Derivatives (Update 2018)
Authors: Kawęcki R.
Published: February 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the preparation of alk-1-enesulfinates and alk-1-enesulfinamides and their applications in organic synthesis. This update focuses on methods published since 2004.
37.3 Oxetanes and Oxetan-3-ones
Authors: Croft R. A. , Bull J. A.
Published: February 2019

This is a completely revised chapter on the synthesis of oxetanes and oxetan-3-ones, covering the literature up to early 2018. The last 10 years has seen many new approaches to the synthesis of oxetanes, prompted by increased interest in the use of oxetane derivatives in medicinal chemistry. Developments include cyclization methods for ring formation, as well as functionalization of oxetane-containing building blocks.
Faster ground state preparation and high-precision ground energy estimation with fewer qubits
Authors: Ge Yimin , Tura Jordi , Cirac J. Ignacio
Published: February 2019

We propose a general-purpose quantum algorithm for preparing ground states of quantum Hamiltonians from a given trial state. The algorithm is based on techniques recently developed in the context of solving the quantum linear system problem. We show that, compared to algorithms based on phase estimation, the runtime of our algorithm is exponentially better as a function of the allowed error, and at least quadratically better as a function of the overlap with the trial state. We also show that our algorithm requires fewer ancilla qubits than existing algorithms, making it attractive for early applications of small quantum computers. Additionally, it can be used to determine an unknown ground energy faster than with phase estimation if a very high precision is required.
On the study of mixing and drying on electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn2O4 cathodes
Authors: Ram Pura , Patel Harish , Singhal Rahul , Choudhary Ganpat , Sharma Rakesh K.
Published: February 2019

The current work presents the effect of stirring hours and drying temperature on the quality of slurry, its surface morphology, and electrochemical performances of electrodes. Physical characterization studies, such as XRD, SEM, and SEM of slurry, and electrochemical characterization studies, namely, the investigation of charge-discharge capacities, rate performances, cyclability, and AC-impedance, were carried out. The cathode slurry was prepared at four different stirring intervals of 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, and 6 h and six different drying temperatures of 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, and 130 °C. The results showed that slurry obtained at a stirring time of 5 h and at a drying temperature of 120 °C exhibited best physical and electrochemical performances. SEM images showed that slurry obtained at a stirring time of 5 h has better surface uniformity and homogeneity compared to others. The electrodes prepared from this slurry also showed improved charge-discharge capacity and rate performance and low impedance. The initial discharge capacities of the electrodes, made from slurry with stirring times of 4 h, 5 h, and 6 h, were 54, 73, and 58 mA hg−1, respectively at a current rate of C/10. The current study also provides clear-cut outline steps to prepare good quality cathode slurry. This study may provide guidelines for new researchers in the field of Li-ion battery technology to overcome these issues and get first hand good quality slurry for better results.
Band-alignment dominated retention behaviors in high-k composite charge-trapping memory devices
Authors: Ding Ping , Yang Youbin , Wang Yiru , Liu Chang , Yin Jiang , Xia Yidong , Li Aidong , Liu Zhiguo
Published: February 2019

A nonvolatile memory structure with a high-k composite of ZnO-TiO2 as a charge-trapping dielectric was fabricated by using rf-sputtering and atomic layer deposition techniques, in which the potential of the conduction-band minimum of the composite was designed to be lower than that of Si by the use of the special energy-band offsets among Si, ZnO, and TiO2. Compared to the conduction-band minimum of Si, a relatively negative potential of the high-k composite leads to a continuous rise in the shift of the flat-band potential of the memory device except a drop at the beginning part of the time-dependent retention curve after a programming operation. The drop was attributed to the escape of trapped charges at the Si/Al2O3 interface. After extracting the contribution to the deterioration of the retention curve from the traps at the Si/Al2O3 interface, it was identified that the band alignment in a charge-trapping memory device dominated its retention behaviors.
Combined direct numerical simulation and long-wave simulation of a liquid film sheared by a turbulent gas flow in a channel
Authors: Bender Achim , Stroh Alexander , Frohnapfel Bettina , Stephan Peter , Gambaryan-Roisman Tatiana
Published: February 2019

In this work, the dynamics of a thin liquid film sheared by a turbulent gas flow are investigated numerically. It is known that even a constant interfacial shear stress affects film stability and dynamics. We are interested in the effect of turbulent fluctuations on the film development. A combination of a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the turbulent gas flow and a long-wave theory for the liquid film evolution is used to study the effect of the turbulent shear stress fluctuations on the liquid film. The simulation is carried out in two steps. First, a DNS of a single-phase turbulent channel flow is conducted. The time-dependent turbulent shear stress at the lower wall is stored. In the second step, the time- and location-dependent turbulent shear stress serves as a boundary condition in a one-sided long-wave simulation of the liquid film to identify the effect of the turbulent gas flow on the film stability and dynamics. The resulting film deformation is simulated for different Reynolds numbers, and an analysis of the film deformation and stability as a function of the turbulent shear stress fluctuations is given. The numerical simulations are accompanied by a simplified linear analysis. The results show that the dynamics of the liquid film sheared by a turbulent gas flow depend not only on the average shear stress at the liquid-gas interface but also on the amplitude as well as the temporal and spatial scales of the shear stress fluctuations.
Research of shaped pulse driven hohlraum asymmetry by 2D X-ray radiography
Authors: Jiang Wei , Yan Ji , Ge Fengjun , Chen Tao , Jing Longfei , Chen Zhongjing , Chen Bolun , Pu Yudong , Yu Bo , Duan Xiaoxi , Huang Tianxuan , Zheng Jian , Ding Yongkun
Published: February 2019

The first implosion tuning experiment with a shaped pulse driven was performed on the SGIII laser facility by using 2D X-ray radiography. Under the careful design, we obtained the driven symmetry both in the picket and peak. The experimental results show that the P2/P0 asymmetry can be tuned by varying the fraction energy in the inner cone both in the picket and peak. The radiation symmetry at the peak is consistent with our simulation. However, the radiation symmetry in first 0.5 ns (picket) had an unexpected negative P2/P0, which is different from the simulation; it may be caused by inner cone absorption in the tent which supported the capsule.
A necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of linear Hamiltonian systems with periodic coefficients
Authors: Qin Hong
Published: February 2019

Linear Hamiltonian systems with time-dependent coefficients are of importance to nonlinear Hamiltonian systems, accelerator physics, plasma physics, and quantum physics. It is shown that the solution map of a linear Hamiltonian system with time-dependent coefficients can be parameterized by an envelope matrix w(t), which has a clear physical meaning and satisfies a nonlinear envelope matrix equation. It is proved that a linear Hamiltonian system with periodic coefficients is stable if and only if the envelope matrix equation admits a solution with periodic w†w and a suitable initial condition. The mathematical devices utilized in this theoretical development with significant physical implications are time-dependent canonical transformations, normal forms for stable symplectic matrices, and horizontal polar decomposition of symplectic matrices. These tools systematically decompose the dynamics of linear Hamiltonian systems with time-dependent coefficients and are expected to be effective in other studies as well, such as those on quantum algorithms for classical Hamiltonian systems.