bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Got Volunteers? The Selection, Training, Roles, and Impact of Hospice Palliative Care Volunteers in Canada’s Community-Based Volunteer Programs
Authors: Claxton-Oldfield Stephen
Published: May 2014

This article provides a brief overview of the selection, training, roles, and impact on family caregivers of community-based hospice palliative care volunteers in Canada. In many Canadian communities, carefully selected and well-trained volunteers are available to provide emotional support, companionship, practical assistance, and other kinds of help and comfort to dying persons and their families, mostly at home. Unfortunately, these services are often underutilized. Anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that lack of awareness and/or understanding of this beneficial community resource is a major reason for the underutilization of volunteers. Education is the key to promoting awareness. Hopefully, this article will serve to inform both the general public and health care professionals about the volunteers’ background, preparation, roles, and impact on patients and family caregivers.
Acute limb ischemia in cancer patients: Aggressive treatment is justified
Authors: Silverberg Daniel , Yalon Tal , Reinitz Emanuel R , Yakubovitch Dmitry , Segev Tal , Halak Moshe
Published: May 2014

Background

The outcome of cancer patients with acute limb ischemia (ALI) is not well defined. The purpose of this study is to report our experience treating patients with active malignancy who developed ALI and compare their outcome with non-cancer patients.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients treated for ALI between 2009 and 2012 with ALI. We identified those patients who suffered from ALI and compared the outcome of those with active malignancy to those without malignancy.

Results

Of 147 patients treated for ALI (122 lower extremity, 25 upper extremity), 24 (16%) were cancer patients. Mean follow-up was 9.8 months for the malignancy group and 13.4 months for the control. Perioperative mortality rates were similar among cancer and non-cancer patients (20% vs. 16%, respectively, NS). Freedom from major amputation at 30 months was similar (95% vs. 89%, NS). Long-term survival rates of cancer patients were significantly lower compared to non-cancer patients (45% vs. 77% respectively, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Treatment of ALI among cancer patients can be achieved with perioperative mortality and limb salvage rates comparable to non-cancer patients. Aggressive treatment is justified when treating cancer patients with ALI.
Effect of temperature on water vapor transport properties
Authors: Fořt Jan , Pavlík Zbyšek , Žumár Jaromír , Pavlíková Milena , Černý Robert
Published: May 2014

The temperature effect on water vapor transport properties of calcium silicate is studied, together with the influence of sample thickness. For material characterization purposes, the bulk density, matrix density, and total open porosity are measured at first. Sorption and desorption isotherms are measured using dynamic vapor sorption device in order to characterize the water vapor storage in researched material. The sorption process is analyzed for original material samples as well as for finely ground samples in order to evaluate the effect of inner porous space on water vapor storage. The steady state cup method is used for determination of water vapor transport properties, whereas the measurements are performed at several temperatures and for three different sample thicknesses. The obtained data show an important effect of temperature on water vapor transport and storage in studied material. The results also indicate a substantial influence of sample thickness on the calculated water vapor transmission properties.
Approaching dynamic reliability with predictive and diagnostic purposes by exploiting dynamic Bayesian networks
Authors: Codetta-Raiteri Daniele , Portinale Luigi
Published: May 2014

We talk about dynamic reliability when the reliability parameters of the system, such as the failure rates, vary according to the current state of the system. In this article, several versions of a benchmark on dynamic reliability taken from the literature are examined. Each version deals with particular aspects such as state-dependent failure rates, failure on demand, and repair. In dynamic reliability evaluation, the complete behavior of the system has to be taken into account, instead of the only failure propagation as in fault tree analysis. To this aim, we exploit dynamic Bayesian networks and the software tool RADYBAN ( Reliability Analysis with DYnamic BAyesian Networks), with the goal of computing the system unreliability. Because of the coherence between the results returned by dynamic Bayesian network analysis and those obtained by means of other methods, together with the possibility to compute diagnostic indices, we propose dynamic Bayesian network and RADYBAN to be a valid approach to dynamic reliability evaluation.
High temperature corrosion behaviour of wire arc sprayed Fe based coatings
Authors: Li R. , He D. Y. , Zhou Z. , Zhao L. D. , Song X. Y.
Published: May 2014

Fe–Cr–Al and Fe–Cr–Al–B cored wires were designed and produced to deposit protective coatings for components used in high temperature environments by wire arc spraying technique. The microstructure, microhardness and high temperature corrosion behaviour of the new coatings were investigated in comparison with Fe–Cr coating and with commercial Fe–Cr–Al coating. All coatings presented lamellar microstructures with oxide inclusions. The new Fe–Cr–Al–B coating showed the fewest oxide inclusions among all the coatings. The microhardness of Fe–Cr–Al coating was quite low, while the microhardness of Fe–Cr–Al–B was found to be higher. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the high temperature corrosion behaviour of the coatings in a molten salt (Na2SO4–25%K2SO4) environment at 650°C under cyclic conditions. The results showed that the new Fe–Cr–Al–B coating exhibited the best high temperature corrosion behaviour.
CLL-cells induce IDOhi CD14+HLA-DRlo myeloid-derived suppressor cells that inhibit T-cell responses and promote TRegs
Authors: Jitschin Regina , Braun Martina , Büttner Maike , Dettmer-Wilde Katja , Bricks Juliane , Berger Jana , Eckart Michael J. , Krause Stefan W. , Oefner Peter J. , Le Blanc Katarina , Mackensen Andreas , Mougiakakos Dimitrios
Published: May 2014

Key Points

Monocytic IDOhi MDSCs are increased in CLL patients, suppress T cells, and promote TReg induction. CLL cells induce conversion of monocytes into MDSCs suggesting bidirectional crosstalk between CLL cells, MDSCs, and TRegs.
Erythropoietin therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a prospective, randomized trial
Authors: Jaspers Aurélie , Baron Frédéric , Willems Évelyne , Seidel Laurence , Hafraoui Kaoutar , Vanstraelen Gaetan , Bonnet Christophe , Beguin Yves
Published: May 2014

Key Points

Erythropoietin therapy can be effective to hasten erythroid recovery and reduce transfusion requirements after allogeneic HCT.
The HMI™ module: a new tool to study the Host-Microbiota Interaction in the human gastrointestinal tract in vitro
Authors: Marzorati Massimo , Vanhoecke Barbara , De Ryck Tine , Sadaghian Sadabad Mehdi , Pinheiro Iris , Possemiers Sam , Van den Abbeele Pieter , Derycke Lara , Bracke Marc , Pieters Jan , Hennebel Tom , Harmsen Hermie J , Verstraete Willy , Van de Wiele Tom
Published: May 2014

Background

Recent scientific developments have shed more light on the importance of the host-microbe interaction, particularly in the gut. However, the mechanistic study of the host-microbe interplay is complicated by the intrinsic limitations in reaching the different areas of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in vivo. In this paper, we present the technical validation of a new device - the Host-Microbiota Interaction (HMI) module - and the evidence that it can be used in combination with a gut dynamic simulator to evaluate the effect of a specific treatment at the level of the luminal microbial community and of the host surface colonization and signaling.

Results

The HMI module recreates conditions that are physiologically relevant for the GIT: i) a mucosal area to which bacteria can adhere under relevant shear stress (3 dynes cm−2); ii) the bilateral transport of low molecular weight metabolites (4 to 150 kDa) with permeation coefficients ranging from 2.4 × 10−6 to 7.1 × 10−9 cm sec−1; and iii) microaerophilic conditions at the bottom of the growing biofilm (PmO2 = 2.5 × 10−4 cm sec−1). In a long-term study, the host’s cells in the HMI module were still viable after a 48-hour exposure to a complex microbial community. The dominant mucus-associated microbiota differed from the luminal one and its composition was influenced by the treatment with a dried product derived from yeast fermentation. The latter - with known anti-inflammatory properties - induced a decrease of pro-inflammatory IL-8 production between 24 and 48 h.

Conclusions

The study of the in vivo functionality of adhering bacterial communities in the human GIT and of the localized effect on the host is frequently hindered by the complexity of reaching particular areas of the GIT. The HMI module offers the possibility of co-culturing a gut representative microbial community with enterocyte-like cells up to 48 h and may therefore contribute to the mechanistic understanding of host-microbiome interactions.
Artemin Growth Factor Increases Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor Subunit Expression and Activity in Nociceptive Sensory Neurons
Authors: Albers Kathryn M , Zhang Xiu Lin , Diges Charlotte M , Schwartz Erica S , Yang Charles I , Davis Brian M , Gold Michael S
Published: May 2014

Background:

Artemin (Artn), a member of the glial cell line-derived growth factor (GDNF) family, supports the development and function of a subpopulation of peptidergic, TRPV1-positive sensory neurons. Artn (enovin, neublastin) is elevated in inflamed tissue and its injection in skin causes transient thermal hyperalgesia. A genome wide expression analysis of trigeminal ganglia of mice that overexpress Artn in the skin (ART-OE mice) showed elevation in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, suggesting these ion channels contribute to Artn-induced sensitivity. Here we have used gene expression, immunolabeling, patch clamp electrophysiology and behavioral testing assays to investigate the link between Artn, nicotinic subunit expression and thermal hypersensitivity.

Results:

Reverse transcriptase-PCR validation showed increased levels of mRNAs encoding the nAChR subunits α3 (13.3-fold), β3 (4-fold) and β4 (7.7-fold) in trigeminal ganglia and α3 (4-fold) and β4 (2.8-fold) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of ART-OE mice. Sensory ganglia of ART-OE mice had increased immunoreactivity for nAChRα3 and exhibited increased overlap in labeling with GFRα3-positive neurons. Patch clamp analysis of back-labeled cutaneous afferents showed that while the majority of nicotine-evoked currents in DRG neurons had biophysical and pharmacological properties of α7-subunit containing nAChRs, the Artn-induced increase in α3 and β4 subunits resulted in functional channels. Behavioral analysis of ART-OE and wildtype mice showed that Artn-induced thermal hyperalgesia can be blocked by mecamylamine or hexamethonium. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) inflammation of paw skin, which causes an increase in Artn in the skin, also increased the level of nAChR mRNAs in DRG. Finally, the increase in nAChRs transcription was not dependent on the Artn-induced increase in TRPV1 or TRPA1 in ART-OE mice since nAChRs were elevated in ganglia of TRPV1/TRPA1 double knockout mice.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that Artn regulates the expression and composition of nAChRs in GFRα3 nociceptors and that these changes contribute to the thermal hypersensitivity that develops in response to Artn injection and perhaps to inflammation.
The effect of insurance status and parental education on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease risk profile in youth with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Majidi Shideh , Wadwa R Paul , Bishop Franziska K , Klingensmith Georgeanna J , Rewers Marian , McFann Kim , Maahs David M
Published: May 2014

Background

Adult studies have shown a correlation between low socioeconomic status and Type 1 Diabetes complications, but studies have not been done in children to examine the effect of socioeconomic status on risk for future complications. This study investigates the relationship between insurance status and parental education and both glycemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 295 youth with established type 1 diabetes who underwent examination with fasting blood draw and reported insurance status and parental education.

Results

Youth with type 1 diabetes and public insurance had higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index, hs-CRP, and blood pressure (p < 0.05) than those with private insurance. Insulin regimen varied between insurance groups, and differences in HbA1c and CVD risk factors, except for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), were no longer evident after controlling for insulin regimen. Parental education was not associated with HbA1c or CVD risk factors.

Conclusions

Youth with type 1 diabetes and public insurance have worse glycemic control and elevated CVD risk factors compared to those with private insurance, but this was no longer seen when insulin regimen was controlled for. Further research is needed to look at differences between those with public insurance and private insurance that contribute to differences in type 1 diabetes outcomes, and to identify modifiable risk factors in pediatric patients in order to focus earlier interventions to decrease and prevent future diabetes complications.
β-lactam antibiotic concentrations during continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Beumier Marjorie , Casu Giuseppe Stefano , Hites Maya , Seyler Lucie , Cotton Frederic , Vincent Jean-Louis , Jacobs Frédérique , Taccone Fabio Silvio
Published: May 2014

Introduction

The use of standard doses of β-lactam antibiotics during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may result in inadequate serum concentrations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of unadjusted drug regimens (i.e., similar to those used in patients with normal renal function) in patients treated with CRRT and the influence of CRRT intensity on drug clearance.

Methods

We reviewed data from 50 consecutive adult patients admitted to our Department of Intensive Care in whom routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics (ceftazidime or cefepime, CEF; piperacillin/tazobactam; TZP; meropenem, MEM) was performed using unadjusted β-lactam antibiotics regimens (CEF = 2 g q8h; TZP = 4 g q6h; MEM = 1 g q8h). Serum drug concentrations were measured twice during the elimination phase by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). We considered therapy was adequate when serum drug concentrations were between 4 and 8 times the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during optimal periods of time for each drug (≥70% for CEF; ≥ 50% for TZP; ≥ 40% for MEM). Therapy was considered as early (ET) or late (LT) phase if TDM was performed within 48 hours of antibiotic initiation or later on, respectively.

Results

We collected 73 serum samples from 50 patients (age 58 ± 13 years; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score on admission 21 (17–25)), 35 during ET and 38 during LT. Drug concentrations were above 4 times the MIC in 63 (90%), but above 8 times the MIC in 39 (53%) samples. The proportions of patients with adequate drug concentrations during ET and LT were quite similar. We found a weak but significant correlation between β-lactam antibiotics clearance and CRRT intensity.

Conclusions

In septic patients undergoing CRRT, doses of β-lactam antibiotics similar to those given to patients with normal renal function achieved drug levels above the target threshold in 90% of samples. Nevertheless, 53% of samples were associated with very high drug levels and daily drug regimens may need to be adapted accordingly.
Copy number variants are a common cause of non-syndromic hearing loss
Authors: Shearer A Eliot , Kolbe Diana L , Azaiez Hela , Sloan Christina M , Frees Kathy L , Weaver Amy E , Clark Erika T , Nishimura Carla J , Black-Ziegelbein E Ann , Smith Richard J H
Published: May 2014

Background

Copy number variants (CNVs) are a well-recognized cause of genetic disease; however, methods for their identification are often gene-specific, excluded as ‘routine’ in screens of genetically heterogeneous disorders, and not implemented in most next-generation sequencing pipelines. For this reason, the contribution of CNVs to non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is most likely under-recognized. We aimed to incorporate a method for CNV identification as part of our standard analysis pipeline and to determine the contribution of CNVs to genetic hearing loss.

Methods

We used targeted genomic enrichment and massively parallel sequencing to isolate and sequence all exons of all genes known to cause NSHL. We completed testing on 686 patients with hearing loss with no exclusions based on type of hearing loss or any other clinical features. For analysis we used an integrated method for detection of single nucleotide changes, indels and CNVs. CNVs were identified using a previously published method that utilizes median read-depth ratios and a sliding-window approach.

Results

Of 686 patients tested, 15.2% (104) carried at least one CNV within a known deafness gene. Of the 38.9% (267) of individuals for whom we were able to determine a genetic cause of hearing loss, a CNV was implicated in 18.7% (50). We identified CNVs in 16 different genes including 7 genes for which no CNVs have been previously reported. CNVs of STRC were most common (73% of CNVs identified) followed by CNVs of OTOA (13% of CNVs identified).

Conclusion

CNVs are an important cause of NSHL and their detection must be included in comprehensive genetic testing for hearing loss.
Under a nonadherent state, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be efficiently induced into functional islet-like cell clusters to normalize hyperglycemia in mice: a control study
Authors: Zhang Yihua , Dou Zhongying
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) possess low immunogenicity and immunosuppression as an allograft, can differentiate into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) by in vitro induction, and may be a valuable cell source to regenerate pancreatic islets. However, the very low differentiation efficiency of BMSCs towards IPCs under adherent induction has thus far hindered the clinical exploitation of these cells. The aim of this study is to explore a new way to efficiently induce BMSCs into IPCs and lay the groundwork for their clinical exploitation.

Methods

In comparison with adherent induction, BMSCs of human first-trimester abortus (hfBMSCs) under a nonadherent state were induced towards IPCs in noncoated plastic dishes using a three-stage induction procedure developed by the authors. Induction effects were evaluated by statistics of the cell clustering rate of induced cells, and ultrastructural observation, dithizone staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence assay, insulin and c-peptide release under glucose stimulus of cell clusters, as well as transplantation test of the cell clusters in diabetic model mice.

Results

With (6.175 ± 0.263) × 105 cells in 508.5 ± 24.5 cell clusters, (3.303 ± 0.331) × 105 single cells and (9.478 ± 0.208) × 105 total cell count on average, 65.08 ± 2.98% hfBMSCs differentiated into pancreatic islet-like cell clusters after nonadherent induction. With (3.993 ± 0.344) × 105 cells in 332.3 ± 41.6 cell clusters, (5.437 ± 0.434) × 105 single cells and (9.430 ± 0.340) × 105 total cell count on average, 42.37 ± 3.70% hfBMSCs differentiated into pancreatic islet-like cell clusters after adherent induction (P < 0.01, n = 10). The former is significantly higher than the latter. Calculated according to the cell clustering rate and IPC percentage in the cell clusters, 29.80 ± 3.95% hfBMSCs differentiated into IPCs after nonadherent induction and 18.40 ± 2.08% hfBMSCs differentiated into IPCs after adherent induction (P < 0.01, n = 10), the former significantly higher than the latter. The cell clusters expressed a broad gene profile related to pancreatic islet cells, released insulin and c-peptide in a glucose concentration-dependent manner, and normalized hyperglycemia of streptozocin-induced mice for at least 80 days following xenograft. Blood glucose of grafted mice rose again after their graft removed. A series of examination of the grafts showed that transplanted cells produced human insulin in recipients.

Conclusions

Our studies demonstrate that nonadherent induction can greatly promote BMSCs to form pancreatic islet-like cell clusters, thereby improving the differentiation efficiency of BMSCs towards IPCs.
Simultaneous inversion of full data bandwidth by tomographic full-waveform inversion
Authors: Biondi Biondo , Almomin Ali
Published: May 2014

The convergence of full-waveform inversion can be improved by extending the velocity model along either the subsurface-offset axis or the time-lag axis. The extension of the velocity model along the time-lag axis enables us to linearly model large time shifts caused by velocity perturbations. This linear modeling was based on a new linearization of the scalar wave equation in which perturbation of the extended slowness squared was convolved in time with the second time derivative of the background wavefield. The linearization was accurate for reflected events and transmitted events. We determined that it can effectively model conventional reflection data as well as modern long-offset data containing diving waves. It also enabled the simultaneous inversion of reflections and diving waves, even when the starting velocity model was far from being accurate. We solved the optimization problem related to the inversion with a nested algorithm. The inner iterations were based on the proposed linearization and on a mixing of scales between the short- and long-wavelength components of the velocity model. Numerical tests performed on synthetic data modeled on the Marmousi model and on the “Caspian Sea” portion of the well-known BP model demonstrated the global-convergence properties as well as the high-resolution potential of the proposed method.
A dynamic regulatory network explains ParaHox gene control of gut patterning in the sea urchin
Authors: Annunziata Rossella , Arnone Maria Ina
Published: May 2014

The anteroposterior patterning of the embryonic gut represents one of the most intriguing biological processes in development. A dynamic control of gene transcription regulation and cell movement is perfectly orchestrated to shape a functional gut in distinct specialized parts. Two ParaHox genes, Xlox and Cdx, play key roles in vertebrate and sea urchin gut patterning through molecular mechanisms that are still mostly unclear. Here, we have combined functional analysis methodologies with high-resolution imaging and RNA-seq to investigate Xlox and Cdx regulation and function. We reveal part of the regulatory machinery responsible for the onset of Xlox and Cdx transcription, uncover a Wnt10 signal that mediates Xlox repression in the intestinal cells, and provide evidence of Xlox- and Cdx-mediated control of stomach and intestine differentiation, respectively. Our findings offer a novel mechanistic explanation of how the control of transcription is linked to cell differentiation and morphogenesis for the development of a perfectly organized biological system such as the sea urchin larval gut.
LiMnBO3/Carbon Composite Material Synthesized by Ball-milling and Postannealing
Authors: Zheng Jun-chao , Qin Shan-e , Zhang Bao , Ou Xing , Ming Lei , Shen Chao , Han Ya-dong , Wang Jian-long , Zhang Jia-feng
Published: May 2014

LiMnBO3/carbon composite cathode material has been synthesized by using a ball-milling and postannealing method. The LiMnBO3/C sample was characterized by using XRD, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical tests. The XRD results reveal the formation of a phase with the hexagonal structure. The SEM and TEM images indicate that the LiMnBO3 particles are approximately 100 nm in diameter and are embedded in a porous carbon matrix. The electrochemical measurement results indicate that the LiMnBO3/C cathode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, deliver a high discharge capacity of 209.3 mA h g−1 at 0.025 C, and possess favorable capacity at the rates of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 1 C in the voltage range 1.0–4.8 V.
Facile Synthesis of Small MgO Nanoparticle/Metal–Organic Framework Hybrid Material
Authors: Huang Bo , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: May 2014

We report a one-step facile synthesis of a novel MgO nanoparticle/metal–organic framework (MOF) composite. Mg-MOF-74 was thermally decomposed under a hydrogen atmosphere to produce MgO nanoparticle/MOF. This product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The mean diameter of MgO nanoparticles in the composite was 2.5 ± 0.7 nm.
Hydrogen Evolution Using the Visible-light-induced Metal-to-polyoxometalate Multiple Electron Transfer
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Tang Fei , Kikukawa Yuji , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: May 2014

A tetranuclear cerium-containing polyoxometalate, TBA6[{Ce(H2O)}2{Ce(CH3CN)}2(µ4-O)(γ-SiW10O36)2] (I, TBA: tetra-n-butylammonium), showed a unique intramolecular multiple electron transfer (Ce3+-to-POM(W6+)) on irradiation of visible light (λ > 400 nm). This could induce hydrogen (H2) evolution using alcohols as the electron donors, and a high turnover number (TON) of 1960 was achieved. Moreover, I could be reused without an appreciable loss in its catalytic performance.
The RIDL hypothesis: transposable elements as functional domains of long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Johnson Rory , Guigó Roderic
Published: May 2014

Our genome contains tens of thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), many of which are likely to have genetic regulatory functions. It has been proposed that lncRNA are organized into combinations of discrete functional domains, but the nature of these and their identification remain elusive. One class of sequence elements that is enriched in lncRNA is represented by transposable elements (TEs), repetitive mobile genetic sequences that have contributed widely to genome evolution through a process termed exaptation. Here, we link these two concepts by proposing that exonic TEs act as RNA domains that are essential for lncRNA function. We term such elements Repeat Insertion Domains of LncRNAs (RIDLs). A growing number of RIDLs have been experimentally defined, where TE-derived fragments of lncRNA act as RNA-, DNA-, and protein-binding domains. We propose that these reflect a more general phenomenon of exaptation during lncRNA evolution, where inserted TE sequences are repurposed as recognition sites for both protein and nucleic acids. We discuss a series of genomic screens that may be used in the future to systematically discover RIDLs. The RIDL hypothesis has the potential to explain how functional evolution can keep pace with the rapid gene evolution observed in lncRNA. More practically, TE maps may in the future be used to predict lncRNA function.
Management of Sodium Hypochlorite Extrusion beyond the Root Apex during Root Canal Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Kandian S , Chander S , Bishop K
Published: May 2014

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is most commonly used as an irrigating solution in endodontic practice. This paper describes an incident of sodium hypochlorite extrusion past the apex (SHEPA) of the UR3. Management of the condition resulted in hospitalisation of the patient, and intravenous antibiotic and steroid therapy. This case report details the measures that can be employed to reduce the risk of SHEPA and management of its potentially serious complications.

The reader should understand the various measures that can be adopted to reduce extrusion of endodontic irrigants beyond the root apex and management following SHEPA.
Compliance with and Attitudes towards the Management of Medical Emergencies in General Dental Practice
Authors: Johnson T M , Kurt-Gabel C
Published: May 2014

Patient safety and risk management are increasing priorities in dental practice today. Ensuring that members of the dental team are prepared and equipped to adequately manage the common medical emergencies that might occur is an expectation of the public and increasingly demanded by the inspecting and regulatory bodies in healthcare.
Sickle Cell Disease and Pulpal Necrosis: A Review of the Literature for the Primary Care Dentist
Authors: Basati M S
Published: May 2014

A case of difficult diagnosis of a patient with sickle cell disease and tooth pain fuelled a literature review by a primary care general dental practitioner. A literature search was conducted to review the relationship between sickle cell disease and pulpal necrosis. The results indicated statistically significant associations of sickle cell disease and tooth pain without any carious or traumatic pathology. It is important for the primary care dentist to be aware of the relationship between sickle cell disease and pulpal necrosis to prevent misdiagnosis and consequently mistreatment.

Background

A female patient, 49, of African-Carribean descent with sickle cell disease presented to the dental clinic with chronic pain. The tooth involved was an upper right first premolar free of caries and trauma. On a periapical radiograph the surrounding alveolar bone had large areas of ‘black banding’. The patient reported that large ‘black bands’ had also been seen on radiographs of her hip and shoulder and eventually the orthopaedic physician had come to the diagnosis of bone necrosis secondary to the patient's sickle cell disease. With this information, a provisional diagnosis of pulpal necrosis secondary to avascular necrosis was made, once all other possible diagnoses had been excluded. The premolar was extirpated and at a review appointment there was complete resolution of symptoms. The author performed a literature review because as a primary care dentist he had never come across this diagnosis before and noted that other primary care practitioners might be interested to learn about it.
Preparing for Emergencies: Resuscitation Guidelines for General Dental Practice
Authors: Clark A
Published: May 2014

Maintaining the knowledge and competence to deal with medical emergencies is an important part of all dental professionals’ continuing professional development. This article aims to assist dental professionals in keeping up to date with the latest guidance.
Escorts’ Knowledge of Their Duty of Care to Patients who have Undergone Intravenous Sedation
Authors: Thompson W , Wilson K E , Girdler N M
Published: May 2014

Aim

To assess escorts’ understanding of their responsibilities to the patient 24 hours following dental treatment under intravenous sedation.

Standards

One hundred per cent of escorts: have been informed of their duties, have read the information sheet, expect at least a one hour appointment, identify the hazardous activities patients should avoid following sedation, travel by private transport, are aware that medications are taken as normal, should have care in place 24 hours following sedation.

Method

This was a prospective questionnaire-based audit. Questionnaires were handed to escorts of patients receiving treatment under intravenous sedation in Newcastle Dental Hospital sedation department.

Results

Of 104 responses, 91.3% of escorts were informed about their duties and 79.8% had read the information sheet prior to the appointment. Boiling a kettle and Internet use were the most selected hazardous activities that escorts deemed safe for patients to carry out postoperatively (19.2%, 23.0%.) Private transport home was mainly used (car 73.1%, taxi 24.9%.) Following sedation, 93.3% of patients had an escort for 24 hours.

Conclusion

Escorts’ basic knowledge fell short of the standard. Improvements are needed to ensure patient safety.

Recommendations

At the pre-assessment, the patient might be given an information sheet solely for the escort and encouraged to explain this to the escort. More comprehensive information listing activities hazardous to the patient 24 hours following sedation and emphasising that taking medications as normal preoperatively could be available on the treatment day. Transport information in the appointment letter might improve access. A Trust website link, a DVD and posters in the waiting room could further inform.
A Chemical Burn from a Garlic Poultice Applied to the Face to Treat Toothache: A Case Report
Authors: Sisson D , Balmer C
Published: May 2014

This case report is of a significant chemical burn to the face resulting from the use of an external garlic poultice for toothache. The patient used internet search engines to seek a toothache remedy and did not identify any reports of this complication. This report aims to inform all dentists of the risks of raw garlic application to the skin and also to ensure that in the future any patient using the internet for a toothache remedy will be made aware of the potential risk and how to avoid it.
Phenomenal dress! A personal phenomenology of clothing
Authors: Franklin Alex
Published: May 2014

The principle aim of this article is to contribute to the development of a phenomenology of fashion through an analysis of my relationship with clothing using Heidegger’s phenomenology of Being as outlined in Being and Time (1997) to provide the study’s methodological foundations.

I say ‘a’ phenomenology; however, I will argue that it is only through engagement with the ‘partial perspectives’ and ‘situated knowledges’ (Haraway 1988: 583) offered by individual Beings-in-their-worlds that small but significant intersubjective truths can be identified.
Peacocks in the sands: Flamboyant men’s beachwear 1920–30
Authors: Maglio Diane
Published: May 2014

Palm Beach, Florida in winter was ideal for luxury pastimes of the social elite and, equally important, an opportunity to see and be seen in the latest leisurewear. Journalists documented the habits and styles of millionaires and movie stars. This information was both society news and fashion direction to the menswear industry. The newest ideas in men’s beachwear from luxury resorts in Florida and Europe ultimately influenced beachwear in retail stores throughout America. Photographs and descriptions in menswear publications of resort wear were compared to the textiles and garments I examined at the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology (MFIT), New York and the Hampshire Museum Collections, United Kingdom. Men who dressed for business in constrained clothes transformed into peacocks in the sands with no concern for appearing less than masculine. Flamboyant dress in this period reflected an exceptional use of colourful robes, pyjamas and bathing suits often with extravagant patterns.
Marc in skirts
Authors: Carreño Alexis
Published: May 2014

This article postulates that although skirts for men are more acceptable today, they still cut a controversial figure. For the Metropolitan Museum’s Costume Institute Gala in 2011, American designer Marc Jacobs wore a transparent button-down tunic that problematized the discourses on gender and clothing. In this article, Jacobs’s ensemble, created by Rei Kawakubo for Comme des Garçons, is analyzed through the following concepts: the western dress code that requires men to wear tuxedos at ceremonial functions; the lace as a feminine textile; the unisex looks that appeared in the 1960s; and the gender-bending styles of cross-dressers, drag performers and gender-fuck practitioners.
Embodying the military: Uniforms
Authors: Peoples Sharon
Published: May 2014

It is difficult to disentangle masculinity from military uniforms. Amid the shifting notions of gender in the late eighteenth century, this article argues that ‘techniques of the body’ were employed by the military, contributing to what became the hegemonic shape of the modern male body. Framing the work within the theories of Marcel Mauss this article uses the case study of Beau Brummell to argue that this dandy based his dress on something more than the vestmentary surface. Brummell’s story is rare for a male in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century: his life was described through his dress practices. Traditionally, when fashion is discussed, it is through women’s fashion, although this is rapidly shifting. Very little writing on military uniforms is about embodied practice. Dressing is an embodied activity located in specified temporal, spatial and hierarchical relations. This article addresses this gap.
The underside of the undershirt: Australian masculine identity and representations of the undershirt in the ‘Chesty Bond’ comic-strip advertisements
Authors: Berry Jess
Published: May 2014

This article considers the male undershirt within discourses of distinctive Australian national dress styles, bush wear and swimwear. Through the case study of Chesty Bonds advertisements, this article will argue that the undershirt became a symbol of strength, virility, heroicism and mateship during the 1940s and 1950s. In aligning the Chesty Bond character with iconic Australian heroic types the surf lifesaver and the bushman advertisers were able to draw on mythologies of masculine cultural identity to promote the undershirt as a staple of the hegemonic male wardrobe. Through an analysis of the Chesty Bond comic-strip advertisements, I will argue that the athletic undershirt contributed to discourses of national identity in which the white male was dominant, and women and non-Anglo-Celtic men were marginalized, seen as being outside the Australian archetype.
Jocks in Jocks: Sportsmen and underwear advertising
Authors: Cole Shaun
Published: May 2014

In 2012, British Football player David Beckham launched a range of self-branded underwear. He had previously modelled underwear for Emporio Armani. In both of these instances, Beckham followed in the footsteps of many other sportsmen throughout the twentieth century who were utilized by underwear brands to promote their products. Predating Beckham by 80 years American Baseball player Babe Ruth had featured in advertisements for Coopers and Sons Jockey underwear and launched his own brand of undergarments in the 1930s. This article will examine the changing use of sportsmen in underwear advertising over the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, examining the way in which the sportsman’s body has been presented as a hard muscular ‘rock’ or passive ‘languid leaner’ and been increasingly objectified and commodified.
Reviews
Authors: Hamilton Smith Lorraine , Vázquez-López Raúl J. , Potvin John
Published: May 2014

La Mécanique Des Dessous, Une Histoire Indiscréte De La Silhouette, 5 July–24 November 2013 Les Arts Decoratifs, Paris

The Story of Men’s Underwear, Shaun Cole (2010) New York: Parkstone Press International, 256 pp., ISBN: 9781859956229, h/bk, £46.90

A Queer History of Fashion: From the Closet to the Catwalk, 13 September 2013–4 January 2014 Fashion Institute of Technology, New York
Underwear for New York ‘swells’ in the age of Victoria
Authors: Maglio Diane
Published: May 2014

This research was inspired by an article in a menswear trade journal that examined one day in the sartorial life of the fictional Montgomery Montmorency, a ‘howling New York swell by environment and inclination’. At the start of day, his butler chose a suit of medium weight silk underwear in a shade of electric-blue that complemented the slate-blue mixed business suit he would wear to Wall Street. While the article documented nine complete wardrobe changes in one day, many with silk accessories, it was the detail of colour-coordinated electric-blue silk underwear that was most intriguing. Well-dressed men, like Mr Montmorency, were expected to be devoid of ‘peculiarity, pretension, […or] violent colors’ in public, which left the private world of underwear and bed clothing to express any flavour or personality. Under sensible outerwear, ‘swells’ wore carefully selected underwear in soft, sensuous and expensive silks, even following seasonal colour palettes. Using Mr Montmorency as the prototype for an upper-class consumer of fashion, this article will continue to ‘lift the veil’ from the separate spheres ideology in which women consume and men earn. Building on the work of Christopher Breward, Brett Shannon and Shaun Cole, I focused on the urban environment of NYC as a central place where clothing and accoutrements were readily available. Making, marketing, displaying and purchasing the array of silk underwear attainable, revealed men to be consumers with ‘tastes more costly than those of women’. This article will include the styles, manufacturers and retailers of silk underwear worn by New York ‘swells’ in contrast to their woolen and worsted tailored clothing. Trade journals, fashion consumer publications and ephemera from the Bella C. Landauer collection of the New York Historical Society were studied. Textile samples from the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology, etiquette books and dyers sample books were also examined.
Dancer – Dance – Spirituality: A phenomenological exploration of Bharatha Natyam and Contact Improvisation
Authors: Ramaswamy Aparna , Deslauriers Daniel
Published: May 2014

This article explores the intersections between the dancer, forms of dance and emergent spiritual experience. It articulates different kinds of dancing experiences that are co-created while practicing two forms of dance: Bharatha Natyam (a classical Indian dance) and Contact Improvisation. Inquiry into the phenomenology of dancing reveals commonalities in the emerging spiritual experience, while also recognizing their distinctive techniques and artistic forms. The exploration suggests that the dance, dancer and emerging spiritual experience co-create each other within the process of dancing irrespective of its form. This exploration and inquiry also offers a descriptive language for what is spirituality in dance.
Love Poems to God: The contemplative artistry of Dianne McIntyre
Authors: Goler Veta
Published: May 2014

Modern dance choreographer Dianne McIntyre has been creating dance for film, and concert and theatre stages since the early 1970s. Much of her work brings together a modern dance vocabulary, and African American movement and music to convey universal messages. A major reason that diverse peoples respond so favourably to McIntyre’s choreography is the contemplative practices that undergird her artistry. This article explores McIntyre as an artist who draws on eastern and western spiritual and cultural traditions to create dances that offer transcendent experiences to both audience members and performers. Through her use of improvisation (which can been viewed as a contemplative practice), her incorporation of spiritual themes, and the energy she brings as an individual and as an artist, McIntyre – a long-time meditator – captures mystical elements that empower people to recognize their own greatness, and work to make the world a better place.
Face value: Subversive beauty ideals in contemporary fashion marketing
Authors: Mackinney-Valentin Maria
Published: May 2014

Through five cases from high-end fashion brands, this article explores the use of models in contemporary fashion marketing. The models represent subversive beauty ideals, and the aim of the analysis is to determine whether these ‘faces’ are intended to challenge stereotypes concerning age, gender, body and sexuality or whether they are examples of marketing absorbing consumer behaviour to appeal to contemporary consumers. The research is based on fashion campaigns and runway shows in mainly luxury fashion brands in the Euro-American market in the period 2009–2012. The article concludes that while greater diversity may be a positive side effect of the use of subversive beauty ideals the stereotypes are also the prerequisite for the social strategy at play. This strategy deals with the Logic of Wrong where social distinction is created through literally doing something that is considered socially or culturally wrong.
Cultural collision: The branded abaya
Authors: Lindholm Christina
Published: May 2014

Conservative Muslim women from the Arabian Gulf region typically wear an all-covering black robe and headscarf, the abaya and shayla. These garments adhere to the Qura-’nic directive to dress modestly and to avoid attracting attention from male strangers. With the enormous profits from oil and natural gas, many Muslim women have engaged in personal expressions of wealth and status through dress for decades, wearing haute couture beneath their abayas. As the region modernizes with education and careers for women, the desire for self-expression has spread to their outer garments and these opportunities have been seized by both regional designers and international couturiers. This article discusses the rise of the branded abaya.
The woman in the 360 Mirror: What Not To Wear and the feminist construction of reality
Authors: Moore Monica M. , Williams Gwyneth I.
Published: May 2014

In the last decade, ‘makeover’ reality television has become popular. Feminist scholars in particular have focused on this genre, analysing the ways in which makeover programmes reinforce specific definitions of femininity, class, and sexuality. Academics have been especially critical of the show What Not To Wear, arguing that female guests are demoralized by hosts who prescribe a rigid set of rules for dressing. Many feminist writers perceive the subjects of each week’s episode as unwilling, insecure women who yield their individuality to the dictates of the programme’s stylists. We contend these articles ignore one of the basic tenets of feminist research: the subject must be given agency and allowed to define her experience in her own words. We argue feminists should start from the presumption that these women know how they feel and mean what they say, and even allow them to participate in exploring the meaning of the makeover. To this end, we closely examined several episodes of What Not To Wear that focus on making over highly educated women (several of whom exhibit high levels of gender consciousness) in order to explore how these women understand and interpret their experiences. Also, we interviewed an actual participant in the programme and discussed these issues with her. What results is a more nuanced analysis of what women experience when they are told ‘what not to wear’, in which the subjects smoothly integrate the aspects of the makeover that resonate positively with their sense of self, and leave the rest behind.
Body image resilience and health in an era of ‘The Perfect Body’: Developing a personal sense of social responsibility
Authors: Rudd Nancy A.
Published: May 2014

Achieving a cultural standard of appearance that is thin, physically fit and muscular is advocated as a personal appearance goal for individuals to seek in American culture; benefits are thought to accrue for those who meet this arbitrary and socially constructed standard. Much time, effort and expense can be directed towards appearance management behaviours practiced to this end and both emotional anguish and physical harm can occur in its elusive search. This article describes a college freshman seminar course dedicated to building body image resilience and healthy decision-making regarding appearance behaviours; concurrently, the course helps to build a personal sense of social responsibility so that students are better prepared to advocate for social change and personal empowerment regarding cultural norms of appearance. Herein are described the learning objectives of the course, topics covered and related activities and the impact these experiences have on developing body image resilience and healthy behaviours among students. Through these strategies and teaching pedagogy, we see evidence that building a strong sense of body image resilience and personal goals of healthy living can mitigate the pressure felt to attain such a standard and the dangers of pursuing bodily perfection.