bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of abnormal spermatozoa in Pannon White, New Zealand White and Angora rabbit semen (short communication)
Authors: Bodnár K. , Szendró Z. , Németh E. , Eiben C. , Radnai I.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The connection between sperm cell abnormalities and the breeds and seasons was studied. Semen was obtained from 20 Pannon White (PW), 20 New Zealand White (NZW) and 20 Angora (A) males monthly throughout a year. 697 ejaculates were evaluated. The average abnormal spermatozoa content of the ejaculates was 16.07 ± 1.77, 16.50 ± 0.2I and 27.34 ± 0.30 % respectively. The incidence of head and tail abnormalities was higher than that of other abnormalities in every group, but in A rabbits acrosome abnormalities were also at a significantly high level. The ratio of deformations was higher (P < 0.05) in all seasons in the A breed than in PW or NZW. Under Hungarian climate conditions the summer heat causes both primary and secondary degradation in semen quality. The effect of heat stress on spermatogenesis can be observed in the decreased semen quality in autumn.
Interrelationships between breed, growth hormone genotype, plasma IGF-I level and meat Performance in bulls of different ages (short communication)
Authors: Sirotkin A. V. , Chrenek P. , Makarevich A. V. , Huba J. , Bulla J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of our studies was to determine, whether difference in GH alleles affect growth Performance in cows and whether these effects may be mediated by IGF-I. The presence of L (leucine-rich) and V (valine-rich) alleles of GH, plasma IGF-I level and changes in body mass were analyzed in 84 bulls of Simmental (meat) and Holstein (milk) breeds at 90 d and 180 d of age using PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis and IRMA The agedependent increase in body mass, daily gain and plasma IGF-I concentration was observed in Simmental bulls. In Holstein bulls the age-dependent rise in plasma IGF-I was also found, whilst Holstein bulls had significantly lover IGF-I level, than Simmental bulls. The proportion of LL, VV and LV genotypes of GH in the randomly selected herd of Simmental bulls was 0.25:0.20:0.55. Animals of VV genotype had lower body mass, daily gain and plasma IGF-I level, than bulls of LL and LV genotypes, whilst no differences in these indexes between LL and LV genotypes were found. The observed association of growth rate, GH genotype and IGF-I level, suggest that GH genotype may affect meat Performance via IGF-I secretion.
Rumen fermentation and retention time ofthe digesta in growing cattle ofthe breeds Black-White Dairy Cattle, Galloway, and Highland
Authors: Voigt J. , Jentsch W. , Kuhla S. , Matthes H.-D. , Derno M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The objectives of this study were to describe ruminal fermentation, mean retention time (MRT) ofthe particulate digesta in the whole gastrointestinal tract and the apparent digestibility of nutrients in growing cattle of the genotypes Black-White Dairy Cattle (B), Galloway (G), and Highland (H). Two experiments were carried out in bulls aged 11–12 months (mean weight 260 kg) or 9–10 months (mean weight 210 kg) at the beginning and fed diets varying in the nutrient composition and nutrition level. B bulls had a higher rumenoreticular volume, a higher MRT when fed a low nutrition level, a higher ruminal pH and a lower acetate/propionate ratio in the rumen than G bulls (P<0.05). In comparison with H bulls, rumen pH and MRT were higher (P<0.05) and the acetate/propionate proportion, NH,sub>3 level, and the protozoa number in the rumen were smaller in B bulls. The differences between genotypes in apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM) and crude cellulose were small. In some cases digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) higher in B bulls as compared to G and H bulls. In B bulls, the digestibility of OM at 30 °C environmental temperature was 2 units lower than at 3 °C or 18 °C (P<0.05). The results show that B bulls implement a more efficient ruminal digestive process than do G or H bulls.
Effects of dietary protein quality on energy metabolism and thyroid hormone Status in growing pigs
Authors: Saggau E. , Beyer M. , Klein M. , Schadereit R. , Derno M. , Jentsch W. , Scholze H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. To estimate long-term effects of dietary protein quality on energy metabolism and thyroid hormone Status in growing pigs two experiments were carried out, each using 6 growing German Landrace barrows (40 to 90 kg body weight (BW)) per treatment group, which were fed semisynthetic isoenergetic diets based on either casein or soy protein isolate at 1875 kJ ME/(kg BW0,62 x d). Casein was tested with (CAS+) amino acid (AA) supplementation (methionine + cystine, threonine, tryptophane) and soy protein isolate was tested without (SPI-) AA supplementation at the recommended protein supply of 100% (normal protein level (NP)) and at a protein supply of 50% of NP. During experiments pigs were housed individually in metabolic cages at 23 ± 1 °C. At both protein supply levels, SP1- in comparison to CAS+ caused a lower protein energy retention (PER), which was compensated mainly by an increased fat energy retention (FER). The reduction of the protein supply to 50% caused a lower PER by 30 to 50% in both dietary qualities, which was compensated by a significantly higher FER. However, the heat production (HP) was neither affected by the protein quality nor by the quantity, and resulted in nearly similar values of 60% of ME intake. The thyroid hormone concentrations were dependent primarily on the amount of protein supply, and after decrease of supply to 50% secondly on the dietary protein quality. The increased thyroid hormone concentrations at the 50% protein level were in euthyroid range of pigs and obviously not associated with HP.
Effects of dietary organic selenium and vitamin E supplementation on post mortem oxidative deterioration in muscles of pigs
Authors: Krska P. , Lahucky R. , Küchenmeister U. , Nürnberg K. , Palanska O. , Bahelka I. , Kuhn G. , Ender K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The effect of feeding high levels of α-tocopherol and organic selenium (Se) to pigs on colour stability and on the susceptibility to oxidative deterioration was investigated. Treatments consisted of supplementation of vitamin E (200 mg/kg diet), organic Se (0.3 mg/kg diet) and both vitamin E and organic Se for the last 60 days to finishing pigs before slaughtering. Longissimus dorsi (LD) and psoas major (PM) muscles were examined after 2 and 7 days of storage on colour stability and on lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde equivalents). Rate of oxidation by Stimulation with Fe2+/ascorbate was also estimated in LD samples obtained post mortem. In PM 7 days post mortem we found differences between control and groups of pigs supplemented with vitamin E and Se on reflectance, but significant differences (P < 0.05) were found only in the vitamin E + Se group. Positive effects (P < 0.05) of vitamin E and Se on colour in psoas major muscle refrigerated for 7 days are supported with significant (P < 0.05) lower levels of TBARS values in pigs supplemented with vitamin E and organic Se as well. Supplementation with organic Se does not affect the oxidative stability of muscle tissue (longissimus dorsi) when the rate of iron-induced lipid oxidation was examined. Dietary Se had limited potential for enhancing the quality of pork carcasses (psoas major) and accentuating the effect of vitamin E on the oxidative stability of longissimus dorsi muscle was not found.
Untersuchungen zum Futteraufnahmeverhalten ad libitum gefütterter tragender Sauen in Gruppenhaltung an Rohrautomaten
Authors: Hoy S. , Ziron M. , Leonhard P. , Oppong Sefa K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Investigations on feed intake behaviour of ad libitum fed group housed pregnant sows at tube feeders Investigations took place in 3 farms with group sizes of 8 to 32 sows and ad libitum feeding at tube feeders with energy reduced feed (9.3 to 9.6 MJ ME/kg) using unmolassed sugar beet chips (10 %), straw meal (25 %) resp in ration. Behavioural observations have been made with infrared video technique and time lapse video recording always during 24 hours. Individual duration of staying at trough in 24 hours and percentage of time feeding places were used by different number of sows per hour during 24 hours were analysed by QBSERVER/Video-Tape-Anatysis-System. Large individual differences in duration of staying at trough in 24 hours occurred between sows of a group with means from 1.8 to 18.0 % although all sows had free access to always available food. Behavioural investigations have shown that several sows did not come to trough over 24 hours without showing clinical signs of a disease At the same time this is a hint at the problem of disease control of ad lib fed sows especially in large groups Analysing the percentage of time feeding places were used by different number of sows a biphasic dynamics of feed intake behaviour of ad lib fed sows was found with a peak in the morning (7 to 10 a.m.) and a more distinct peak in the afternoon (3 to 7 p.m.).
Selection to improve birth and weaning weight of Javanese Fat Tailed Sheep
Authors: Rachmann Noor R. , Djajaneegara A. , Schüler L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In Indonesia, the Javanese Fat Tailed Sheep is a very popular domestic animal for its meat production However selection to increase body weight has never been done by local farmers. As a result the variability of body weight is high, and expected that application of a selection program can improve this trait Two Steps of selection were done in order to improve birth and body weight. In the first selection, the elite group was established by selecting the best 40 females and 3 males from 12500 sheep reared by local farmers based on their mature body weight and tail length. The control group was established by randomly selecting 40 females and 4 males In the second step of selection, the best 50 % females and 5 % males of the progeny of the elite group was selected based on their weaning weight and tail size. The first selection results indicate that there was a positive genetic progress in both birth and weaning weight. Selection had increased 7.17 % and 5.48 % of male and female birth weight respectively and 9.48 % and 9.78 % of male and female weaning weight, respectively. Positive genetic progresses of birth and body weight were also found after the second selection. Birth weights of males and females were 6.75 % and 7.20 % higher than those in the control group. Male and female weaning weights were 5.60 % and 8.19 % higher than those in the control group, however, selection for weaning weight did not affect reproductive traits.
Systematic effects on activity, milk yield, milk flow rate and electrical conductivity
Authors: Firk R. , Stamer E. , Junge W. , Krieter J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The traits activity, milk yield, milk flow rate and electrical conductivity were analysed in preparation for automatic oestrus detection. Collection of data was performed on a commercial dairy farm and milking took place in a rotary milking parlour. Between February and December 1998 1,090,031 observations from 2,422 Holstein Friesian cows were accumulated. Around 30% of cows were milked thrice daily. For each trait and each cow a daily value was calculated. The fixed effects test day, parity, calving season, milking frequency, week of lactation and the random effect cow were considered in statistical analyses. With increasing number of parity, activity decreased and milk yield, milk flow rate and electrical conductivity increased. The milking frequency had significant influence on all analysed traits and for the effect calving season no consistent trend was found. All traits showed characteristic patterns during lactation. Between test days high variations were found for the trait activity. The remaining traits showed a steady level except for small fluctuations. Repeatability was 27.4% for activity and between 70 and 78.7% for the milk parameters. The repeatabilities verified the collected field data having a satisfying structure for application in automatic oestrus detection. The repeatability of the trait activity indicated high differences between and within cows. The right skewed distribution indicated the activity as a promising trait for further analyses.
Systematische Gebrauchskreuzung als Möglichkeit der Erhaltung vom Aussterben bedrohter Landschweinrassen
Authors: Chainetr W. , Glodek P. , Brandt H. , Möllers B. , Henning M. , Kallweit E. , Fischer K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Systematic crossbreeding as a tool to conserve endangered pig breeds Live conservation of purebred populations of old endangered pig breeds requires high financial subsidies because they are very inferior to actual commercial hybrids in overall economy. But subsidies may be considerably reduced if the endangered breeds can be integrated into regional crossbreeding schemes adapted to ecological production niches or designed for specific quality products. The aim of this study at the experimental station Relliehausen of Göttingen University was to compare the performance of two crossbred sows with the endangered breeds Saddleback (DS) and Bentheimer (BB) as dams sire (and LW/LR as dams dam) with commercial LW/LR-crossbred sows in their litter performance as well as meat production and quality traits of their progeny from the same PI(NN)- and (PI*HA)-terminal sires. 478 litters with 1,384 fattened and 1,037 carcass graded progeny of which about 600 underwent detailed carcass value and meat quality evaluations at a loin cross section and 48 with an additional sensoric test. Results show that in litter performance DS crossbred sows were comparable to LW/LR commercial sows but BB crossbred sows weaned 0.66 pigs less per litter. In FOM grading no significant differences were found between the three sow groups as well as between the two different terminal sires. This also applied for most meat quality traits but in intramuscular fat content unexpectedly the control pigs were the best and significantly superior to the BB-progeny. The typical highly significant quality differences due to the "Hampshire effect" were found between progeny of the (PI*HA)-boar as compared to PI-progeny. In a calculated overall economic value DS-progeny were 4–5 DM and BB-progeny about 8 DM per pig inferior to the commercial controls. These differences are only 1/5 to 1/10 of the purebred inferiority of the endangered breeds. These results should be confirmed by a field trial under more extensive conditions (e.g. outdoor sow- and ecological fattener management).
Teat number, hairiness and set of ears in a Piétrain cross: variation and effects on performance traits
Authors: Borchers N. , Reinsch N. , Kalm E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A F2-resource population has been constructed by mating five Piétrain boars to one Landrace, one Large White and twelve Landrace × Large White crossbred sows in the parent generation. From 116 animals of the F1 and from 2706 animals of the F2 teat number was recorded with reference to side. The average number of teats in the F1-generation was 7.1 ± 0.5 on the left body side and 7.0 ± 0.6 on the right body side. The F2-offspring had an average teat number of 6.9 ± 0.6 on both sides. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between left and right side teat number were 0.56 and 0.96, respectively. A Bayesian heritability estimate of 0.23 ± 0.05 was obtained for total teat number. The density of hairiness was scored into the categories little, normal and very hairy and the set of ears into the categories prick-eared, intermediate and lop-eared. Data of 113 F1-animals and 2770 F2-animals were available. Bayesian analyses provided heritabilities of 0.27 ± 0.07 for the density of hairiness and of 0.37 ± 0.08 for the set of ears. In further analyses the traits teat number, hairiness and set of ears were taken as phenotypic markers. The effect of teat number on growth development during pregnancy and on several fatness traits of the carcass was significant. The set of ears showed a significant influence on growth traits only. Significant effects on birth weight and different carcass traits could be found for the density of hairiness. From the phenotypic effects it can be concluded that "lop ear" is linked to Landrace alleles and "little hairy" is linked to Piétrain alleles.
Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte aspiration for production of embryos in vitro
Authors: Carter J. A. , Bellow S. , Meintjes M. , Perez O. , Ferguson E. , Godke R. A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. reproductive potential in genetically valuable animals (BEAL et al., 1992). Now that repeatable oocyte retrieval methods are being fine-tuned, it is likely these procedures will become routinely used to obtain oocytes for further gamete and embryo research and also by seedstock producers for in vitro embryo production from farm animals in the commercial sector. The use of transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte aspiration and IVF procedure does offer an alternative to cattle producers who have genetically valuable cows that for some reason are unable to produce viable embryos through standard embryo collection procedures. This technology can be used on oocytes harvested from older ovulating or nonovulating cows, females with physical injuries (e.g., fractured leg) and problem cows having an abnormal cervix. Good success has been reported using IVF procedures on oocytes obtained from supplemental follicles of cows with cystic ovarian disease. With IVF the potential exists for more embryos to be produced in a shorter period of time, since the procedure can be repeated on the same cow 3 to 4 times or more a month. At this station, we are harvesting oocytes from early postpartum (< 40 days) beef and dairy cattle, before the female begins cyclic activity. The approach allows the opportunity to produce one or more extra calves from the cow before she is mated for a natural pregnancy. Currently, transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte aspiration is now being used to harvest valuable oocytes from minor farm animal breeds, from domestic females representing rare bloodlines, clinically infertile females and reproductively senescent cows. Research continues to find applications for this technology, including harvesting oocytes from young prepubertal heifers and early postpartum beef cows for in vitro embryo production. The use of ultrasound-guided oocyte aspiration should not be overlooked to obtain oocytes for in vitro embryo production and to aid in germplasm preservation of endangered exotic species.
Prediction of 305-day first lactation milk yield in cows with selected regression models
Authors: Grzesiak W. , Wojcik J. , Binerowska B.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In the present study, the prognostic values of multiple and spline regression models were tested for 305-day lactation milk yield of cows. The predictors were: HF genes proportion in cow's genotype; average milk yield for 305-day lactation from 4 first milkings of all cows in a barn, in which a cow was used in a given year; month of calving; and average daily milk yield from first four test-day milkings. Models were developed basing on 628 first lactations of BW cows with average 71% HF genes proportion. Subsequently, the predictive values of the models examined were verified on the grounds of next 105 first lactations. Prognostic differences of the models examined were determined, finding the prognosis obtained with the spline regression more accurate (smaller prediction error, higher coefficient of correlation for prognosis and real values in the model containing information from first three test-day milkings). These models are easy to construct and may be useful in practical estimation of cow lactation yields. They may be used for predicting the actual lactation yield in order to minimise production costs and achieve better production results.
Values of plasma lipid hydroperoxides and total antioxidant status in healthy dairy cows: preliminary observations
Authors: Castillo C. , Hernández J. , López-Alonso M. , Miranda M. , Luís J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Metabolic parameters have been used in an attempt to monitor the health, reproductive and nutritional status of dairy cows. Nevertheless, in the last few years the detection of free radical damage, and the protection against it has become very important in the practice of clinical medicine. This report aims to establish values for plasma lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in healthy cows and its relationship with milk yield. The study was carried out with 22 healthy dairy cows divided into two groups: animals with a low production rate and animals with a high milk yield. Results showed that the animals with a high milk yield present higher LOOH levels than the other group. This increase in oxidant compounds is not accompanied by higher levels in protective antioxidant substances. LOOH and TAS measurements give complementary information about the metabolic status of the animal than metabolic parameters alone.
Factors affecting actual weaning weight, preweaning average daily gain and relative growth rate in Asturiana de los Valles beef cattle breed
Authors: Goyache F. , Fernández I. , Royo L. J. , Álvarez I. , Gutiérrez J. P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this paper we analyse the major environmental and genetic factors affecting actual weaning weight (WW), preweaning average daily gain (ADG) and relative growth rate (RGR) in a representative sample of field data of Asturiana de los Valles beef cattle breed. Major environmental factors affect preweaning growth performance of Asturiana de los Valles calves in the direction usually found in the literature. However RGR seems to be self-corrected for sex of calf and calving number. Heritabilities for the direct and maternal genetic effects were 0.67 and 0.29, 0.51 and 0.31 and 0.18 and 0.12 respectively for WW, ADG and RGR. The estimates of genetic parameters affecting RGR are more realistic than those estimated for the WW and ADG. Selection for RGR would lead to obtain higher growth rates and lower birth weights. RGR could be an interesting selection criterion in beef cattle improvement programs.
Fibre-optic spectrophotometry of beef relative to sarcomere length (short communication)
Authors: Swatland H. J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Fibre-optic spectrophotometry of beef longissimus thoracis showed reflectance was correlated negatively with sarcomere length, reaching a maximum at 470 nm (r = −0.46, P < 0.025, n = 20) with mean sarcomere length 1.75 ± 0.15 mm. The beef had never been frozen and was extensively aged (30.5 ± 5.0 days). This conflicts with other relationships in attempts to predict tenderness from light scattering.
Auswirkungen der Puerperalerkrankungen bei Sauen auf die Fruchtbarkeitsleistung
Authors: Hoy S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Investigations on the effects of puerperal diseases in sows on the fertility Investigations with a total number of 1403 farrowings in one farm during 8 years have shown a frequency of puerperal diseases (MMA = mastitits, metritis, agalactiae) of 31.6 % with significant differences between gilts (41.2 %) and sows (27.9 %; p < .05). Gilts and sows without MMA after farrowing had a lower frequency of animals without estrus after weaning of the piglets (.2 % vs 1.1 %), a lower rate of late onset of estrus (3.4 % vs 6.2 %), a lower frequency of non-pregnant sows (16.0 % vs 22.2 %), less sows with abortion (.9 % vs 2.2 %) and a lower rate of mortality (1.1 % vs 4.0 %) compared with gilts and sows with MMA. The same effects have been demonstrated both in gilts and sows.
Test-day model of daily milk yield prediction across stages of lactation in Egyptian buffaloes
Authors: Amin A. A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. farms in Ismailia region, which exist east of Cairo. Two data sets were considered for analysis of variance according to lactation length. The first data set is TDY of the short lactation (5–10 months: LPS). The 2nd data set is the TDY of the long lactation (LPL > 305 days). Daily milk yield prediction equations were investigated using multiple lactations, separate lactations, and three groups of age at first calving. Polynomial regression functions were fitted to study the effect of stage of lactation on variation in test-day milk yield observations (TDY). Results of the present study showed that the effect of herd (farm, season and year of calving) on variation of TDY were significant and accounted for 35.22% of the total variance for the data set of LPL. Variations in TDY due to the effect of either order of lactation or age at first calving groups were significant and accounted for 8.25% and 13.50%, respectively of the total variance. The overall least-square means of TDY were 5.5 and 7.8 Kg for LPS and LPL, respectively. The highest frequencies of similar TDY observations appeared in the early months across stage of lactation. The peak of the measured TDY obtained among the 4th and the 6th month of lactation of the pooled parity data set. Prediction equation of TDY across days of lactation (Days in Milk:DIM) using pooled parities was as the following: Y = 3.4103 +.0466X − .0004X2 + .00001X3 − 1.03E-8X4 Prediction equation of TDY across months of lactation (Months in Milk:MIM) using pooled parity data set was as the following: Y = 1.9634 + 2.7927X − .8931X2 + .1602X3 − .0138X4. Prediction equations for TDY per parity and for each age at first calving group were computed.
Rabbits behaviour under modern commercial production conditions – a review
Authors: Marai F. M. , Rashwan A. A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Recently, much work has been done to record the diurnal peak of does receptivity. It was found that the highest was in the morning and before allowing suckling. Such studies suggested that mating should be achieved in the morning or before suckling to avoid the negative effect of the circadian peak of prolactin on receptivity that occur around 15.00 to 19.00 h and after each suckling. Some cases of pseudo-pregnancy might be prevented by double mating; the second mating should be within at most five hours after the first, since mating later than this would have no effect. Total parturition time would be 10–14 minutes for a large litter and 5–7 minutes for an average litter, although parturition could be induced to allow prompt attention to does with poor maternal instinct and to those kindle for the first time kindling and to avoid situations such as: kindling at night or in cold weather and/or to avoid the variability in gestation periods (29 to 34 days). Mother-litter separation during night can influence species specific nursing behaviour and may lead to lower weaning weights of pups. Applying good management programs, as well as, change of place, gentle handling of the stressed dams, correcting nutritional deficiencies and inadequate drinking water and provision of adequate amount of straw, may well eliminate stress, correct behavioural disorders and certain types of maternal anomalies which appear to be not under the control of hormonal or genetic factors. Welfare for caged rabbits can be improved by feeding the animals in the afternoon rather than in the morning. Aggressive behaviour was greater in rabbits on nipple drinkers than in those on troughs. In conclusion, better understanding of rabbits natural behaviour under the different conditions, maintains optimal production compatible with welfare demands. Below, description of rabbits behaviour and its relation with modern commercial production conditions, were discussed.
Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and meat quality in pigs
Authors: Küchenmeister U. , Kuhn G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The meat quality of pigs is essentially dependent on the rate and intensity of energy metabolism after slaughter. The major cellular processes in muscle cells are regulated by the Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm, stimulating different energy consuming ATPases. The most essential regulator of the Ca2+ concentration is the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) with its membranes, the SR Ca2+ ATPase (Ca2+ pump), and the calcium release channel (CRC). Defects of one or more of these elements will be of influence on the metabolism and ultimately on the meat quality. This is widely investigated in pigs with a mutated CRC. However, pigs without a mutation in the CRC also show a wide variability in their meat quality, dependent on other factors e.g. stress or season of the year. The variability in meat quality in these "normal" pigs is at least partly a result of differences in SR Ca2+ transport and the resulting metabolism.
Growth, carcass traits and meat quality of Bronze and White turkeys in Isparta province of Turkey
Authors: Işgüzar E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this study; the growth, carcass traits and meat quality were determined in Bronze and White turkeys, in comparison one another in Isparta province of Turkey. Average of body weights of bronze and white turkeys were 7495–4843g and 15844–11797g; average percentages of carcass were 74.0–71.2% and 82.7–81.9%; average percentages of crude protein content of muscle meat of breast, legs were 23.0–26.1%, 19.0–21.2% and 16.5–17.4%, 13.3–14.8% at the age of 18-weeks, respectively. Significant differences were determined (P < 0.05) between genotypes of body weights, carcass traits, meat qualities, and also between males and females of genotypes.
Growth, carcass composition and nutrient content of meat of different local geese in Isparta region of Turkey (short communication)
Authors: Isguzar E. , Pingel H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The local goose breeds Kara, Beyaz, Şam, Ala and Tülü of the Isparta province in Turkey are relatively small with body weight at the age of 12 weeks for males-females of 2864.1–2593.1, 2588.5–2296.8, 3004.3–2504.3, 2601.9–2264.0 and 2754.7–2352.0 g. The average percentages of slaughter yield of Kara, Beyaz and Şam geese at the age of 104 weeks for males-females were 71.4–69.8, 71.6–69.9 and 71.0–69.3%. The percentages of breast and leg to the carcass were 46.6–48.4, 48.7–50.2 and 47.1–48.3%, respectively. Average percentages of crude protein content for breast and leg muscle were 19.7–20.1, 22.0–20.3, 18.2–18.0% and 15.8–18.0, 21.7–16.2, 17.7-19.8%, respectively. The content of crude fat for breast and leg muscle were 0.23–0.49, 0.39–0.40, 0.44–0.40% and 0.92–1.41, 0.39–1.31, 0.46–0.33%, respectively. Because of the lower fat percentage, the local goose breeds could be important for a commercial crossbred program.
An algorithm for genetic variance estimation of reproductive traits under a threshold model
Authors: Molinski K. , Szydlowski M. , Szwaczkowski T. , Dobek A. , Skotarczak E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Some binary traits are determined by a large number of loci. The standard approach, in this case, is to model an unobservable variable (liability) with a fixed threshold. We present a method for the estimation of the genetic additive variance component under a threshold animal model with fixed effects included. The method can be applied to data with repeated measurement per animal. The unknown parameters of the model have been estimated by Gibbs sampling. The numerical properties of the method are investigated on simulated data for a large real pedigree of breeding stock of laying hens. The algorithm shows good mixing properties, producing consistent estimates from many distinct runs. The application of the method is exemplified on fertility data recorded for the same pedigree.
Vergleichsuntersuchungen zur Ultraschall-Speckdickenmessung beim Schwein im Rahmen der Eigenleistungsprüfung
Authors: Müller S. , Polten S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Comparative investigations for ultrasonic fat thickness measurements of pigs at the performance testing In two series (serie 1: N = 62 animals; serie 2: N = 26 animals, 22 persons) we have done investigations to specific differences for tools and persons during measurements of fat thickness of living pigs by ultrasonic. Our aim was to explain the causes and the effect of specific differences and to deduce consequences for the performance testing of boars and sows in our breeding companies. In serie 1 there were measured with four ultrasonic tools with different specifications. We find significant differences, which can be up to 4 mm in order of the ultrasonic tool. Especially, measurements with the Lean-Meater, Level 2 suggest a fat thickness, which leads to a clear underestimation of the fat thickness of slaughtered animals. Between the A-Scan-Ultrasonic-tools we can find the following range in the middle fat thickness: Lean-Meater-Level 2 (13.1 mm) < Lean-Meater-Level 3 (13.9 mm) < USN-Tools (15.2 mm) < Piglog105 (Level "Normal") (16.8 mm). All proved tools reflects the degree of fatty degeneration, measured by fat thickness from classification, with a high precision (R > 0.8–0.9).
Einfluss systematischer Umwelteffekte auf die Milchleistungsmerkmale bei Bunten Deutschen Edelziegen
Authors: Bömkes D. , Hamann H. , Distl O.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Influence of systematic environmental effects on milk performance traits in German Improved Fawn The objectives of this study were to analyse the influence of fixed effects on milk traits of German Improved Fawn. The analysis was based on 27,778 test day records of 1,848 German Improved Fawn with 3,574 lactation records. The milk records were sampled between 1988 and 2002 from 229 flocks in Lower Saxony, Saxony and Baden-Wuerttemberg. The average daily milk yield was 2.87 ± 1.20 kg with a fat content of 3.08 ± 0.54% and a protein content of 3.38 ± 0.95%. Somatic cell count (SCC) was transformed into somatic cell score (SCS). Mean SCS was 5.49 ± 1.93. The average lactation length was 234.1 ± 76.4 days. The analysis of variance showed a significant influence of lactation number, stage of lactation, year of lambing and month of lambing on all analysed milk production traits. Milk yield was highest in the fourth lactation number and fat as well as protein content in the 7th to 13th lactation number. Litter size had a significant influence on milk and fat yield and on fat and protein content. The region significantly influenced protein yield and fat and protein content of German Improved Fawn but had no effect on milk and protein yield and SCS. Animals from Baden-Wuerttemberg reached the highest milk protein content but the lowest milk fat content.
The influence of calf rearing methods and milking methods on performance traits of crossbred dairy cattle in Thailand – 3. Calf performance
Authors: Boonbrahm N. , Peters K. J. , Kijora C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The experiment to investigate the effect of restricted suckling (RS) and bucket rearing (BR) involved 40 calves from crossbred dairy cows with 75 % or 87.5 % Holstein-Friesian (HF) genes from 4 days after birth to weaning at 84 days of age. From days 4 to 84 of age restricted suckling calves were allowed to suckle their dams up to 15 minutes post milking. Bucket reared calves were fed a total of 236 kg whole milk and received concentrate supplementation after day 56. All calves were kept indoor, received Brachiaria ruziziensis grass ad libitum from day 56 and had free access to water. RS calves exhibited no losses and only 3 illnesses, whereas three BR calves died and nine developed illnesses. Up to 84 days of age RS calves had a highly significant faster average daily gain (ADG) than BR calves (620 g vrs. 390 g) and a significant larger heart-girth. RS and BR calves had an estimated adjusted daily metabolisable energy (ME) intake from milk of 18.9 ME and 12.6 ME and from the whole ration of 18.9 ME and 14.3 ME, respectively. Intake of milk fat, milk protein, Ca and P were highly significant higher in RS calves. Total protein intake from the whole ration was higher in BR calves. The daily intake of 18.9 MJ and 14.3 MJ ME for RS and BR calves exceeded the need for the realised ADG of 620 g and 390 g (average demand: 16.3 and 11.8 MJ ME) which suggest an oversupply of energy. Demand calculation for protein of 115 g and 103 g crude protein for RS and BR calves corresponded to an intake of 107.7 g and 118.9 g crude protein, respectively. This indicates that the efficiency in utilisation of crude protein seems to be grossly underestimated in suckling calves. Restricted suckling has been demonstrated to be an efficient method for calf rearing.
Einfluss der genetischen Herkunft auf die Mast- und Schlachtleistung, die Fleisch- und Fettqualität sowie das Fettsäurenmuster der Phospholipide von Mastschweinen
Authors: Volk B. , Biedermann G. , Kuhn M. , Jatsch C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Influence of different genetic origins on fattening and carcass performance, on quality of meet and fat as well as fatty acid pattern of phospholipids from pigs For the purpose of comparing the fattening and carcass performance as well as the meat and fat quality of pigs the different genetic origins German Landrace (DL), Piétrain (Pi) and Duroc (Du) as well as the crossbreeds DL×Du, Pi×(DL×Du) and (Pi×Ha)×(DL×Du) were fattened from 30 to 105 kg liveweight. The pigs of three-breed cross indicate a higher fattening performance. The Piétrains fall of at fattening performance, however they shows highest lean content (MFA). The meat condition marks Piétrains as PSE suspected connected with the lowest content of intramuscular fat (IMF). Duroc pigs are ahead in every meat quality criteria. A exceptional position hold the three-breed cross pigs with strong marbling, however a insufficient conductivity. Fatty acid composition turn out to be unfriendly in Piétrains and cross breeding pigs with high MFA in due to high contents of polyenoic. Contrary to it Durocs achieve with lowest MFA the clearest marbling and with highest content on saturated fatty acids the best fat quality over all. The straight breed shows at phospholipids the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. For economical valuation of the genetic origins three index models were shown. By restriction on feed consumption and MFA, the Piétrains and the crossbreeds are clear ahead. The rank changes after adding the parameters of meat quality (IMF, LF24) for the benefit of German Landrace and Duroc, bond up with considerable devaluation of Piétrains. The additional consideration of fat quality (polyenoic) indicates no further variation in the gradation of the genetic origins.
Rabbits behavioural response to climatic and managerial conditions – a review
Authors: Marai I. F. M. , Rashwan A. A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The domestic rabbit is deprived of the protection of burrows and of a social hierarchy and live in a limited space which is a fraction of a metre of a hard sanitized space, removed from odours, markers and social interaction. Hot climate was the main cause for abnormal maternal and sexual behaviour. Exposure to high ambient temperature induces rabbits to try to balance their excessive heat load by using different means. The doe that was capable to produce 10 litters a year may give only 4 to 5 litters in hot climate Noise in rabitries causes adverse effects including nervous and behavioural abnormalities and can cause a startled response and traumatic injuries to limbs and back. Particularly, most concern about noise effects has traditionally focused on impairment of reproductive and maternal behaviours, although few controlled studies have been done to support the observations of animal caretakers that noise inhibits production. Moon phases are one of the main causes of abnormal sexual behaviour in females. Crowdness causes that rabbits become aggressive and bite one another during the first few days of nest sharing, while successive litters live together. Keeping rabbits singly in cages is not compatible with the demand of housing with respect to animal welfare, since the singly caged rabbit is exposed to natural external stimulus, has no social contact and has no conditions for suitable locomotion. This may be the reason in that caged rabbits show nervous behaviour and altered forms of movement and low relaxed resting-behaviour, that may be due to the narrowness of the cage and the wire floor. Social deprivation in rabbits interferes with the development of normal adult behaviours. However, among group-housed rabbits, survival at weaning was estimated to be 39% instead of 87% in individual cages. The behaviour and welfare of caged rabbit can be positively affected with repeated handling by familiar people. Minimal handling reduces timidity, particularly when performed during the first week of post-natal life. Higher growth rate and higher activity levels were recorded in rabbits handled daily for 10 minutes from 10 days to 10 weeks of age. Abuse and pushing the animals hard because of the method of production are cases in which the animals do not get optimal facilities necessary to fulfill their behavioural (ethological) needs.
Development of genetic models for estimation of racing performances in German thoroughbreds
Authors: Bugislaus A.-E. , Roehe R. , Uphaus H. , Kalm E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The objective of this study was to develop new statistical models for genetic estimation of racing performances in German thoroughbreds. Analysed performance traits were "square root of rank at finish", "square root of distance to first placed horse in a race" and "log of earnings". These traits were found to be influenced by the carried weight, which was determined by the horse's earlier performance. Therefore, new traits were developed based on random regression models, which were independent from the carried weights. Heritabilities were first estimated for these created traits "new rank at finish" (h2 = 0.101) and "new distance to first placed horse in a race" (h2 = 0.142) by using two univariate animal models. When considering a linear regression of carried weights as fixed effect in the statistical model, heritabilities for "square root of rank at finish" (h2 = 0.086) and "square root of distance to first placed horse in a race" (h2 = 0.124) decreased. Breeding values of “new rank at finish” and "new distance to first placed horse in a race" were compared with breeding values of "square root of rank at finish" and "square root of distance to first placed horse in a race", in which carried weight was considered as fixed regression in the model. These two different models were compared by two criteria. Breeding values were overestimated for low performing thoroughbreds and underestimated for high performing horses when considering a linear regression of carried weights as fixed effect in the model. Statistical models considering new created traits ("new rank at finish" and "new distance to first placed horse in a race") which were independent of carried weights, showed better suitability for genetic estimation. Due to high genetic correlation with other traits and showing highest genetic variance a univariate animal model for the trait “new distance to first placed horse in a race” was recommended for genetic estimation.
PIT1-HinfI gene polymorphism and its associations with milk production traits in polish Black-and-White cattle
Authors: Dybus A. , Szatkowska I. , Czerniawska-Piątkowska E. , Grzesiak W. , Wójcik J. , Rzewucka E. , Zych S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Associations between polymorphism localised in the six exon of PIT1 gene (PIT1-HinfI) and milk production traits of Black-and-White cattle were analysed. A total of 900 cows were included in the study. PCR-RFLP method was used. The frequencies of the genotypes and alleles were as follows: 0.054 for AA, 0.377 for AB and 0.569 for BB, and 0.243 for PIT1A and 0.757 – PIT1B. There were no associations between PIT1-HinfI polymorphism and milk production traits of the cows.
Organometric data of the reproductive tract in cycling and early pregnant Hungarian Mangalica pigs
Authors: Brüssow K.-P. , Egerszegi I. , Rátky J. , Soós F. , Garcia Casado P. , Tuchscherer A. , Toth P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Since the morphology of the reproductive organs could be a wherefore of reproductive performance of Mangalica, this study was conducted to get some more information about the number of corpora lutea and the size of reproductive tract both in cycling and pregnant Mangalica pigs. Two experiments were carried out to investigate the reproductive tract of Mangalica gilts. In Experiment 1, reproductive organs of 66 gilts (12–15 month of age) were recovered immediately after slaughter to determine the number of ovarian features, the weight and diameter of the ovaries, and the weight and length of oviducts and uteri, respectively. In Experiment 2, 22 puberal Mangalica (M) gilts and 34 German Landrace (L) gilts were used following estrus synchronization and artificial insemination. Genital tracts were recovered by ovario-hysterectomy on day 1 (n = 8 M; 10 L), day 12 (n = 8 M; 22 L) and day 24 (n = 6 M; 2 L) of pregnancy and the number of corpora lutea, ovarian weight and diameter, and the weight and length of oviducts and uteri evaluated. Oviducts and uterine horns (day 1 and 12, respectively) were flushed or uterine horns were opened (day 24) for embryo recovery. In Experiment 1, 58 gilts (88 %) were cycling ones with mean number of ovulation of 10.6 ± 3.1. In first estrous gilts (n = 8) it was 11.1± 2.5. No differences were observed both between left and right ovaries, and first estrous and cycling gilts. The number of corpora lutea were correlated with ovarian weight (r = 0.35, p<0.05). Oviduct length (24.4 ± 1.4 and 24.3 ± 0.5 cm) and weight (4.3 ± 0.4 and 3.2 ± 0.2 g), and uterine horn length (143 ± 13 and 143 ± 5 cm) were not different in first estrous and cycling gilts. Uterine weight was higher in first estrous compared to cycling gilts (358 ± 32 vs. 250 ± 12 g, p < 0.05). In pregnant Mangalica (M) and Landrace (L) gilts no breed*day of pregnancy interaction regarding the number of ovulation was found. Mean number of corpora lutea was 17.2 ± 1.2 (M) and 18.6 ± 1.3 (L). Length of uterine horns was reduced in pregnant M compared to L gilts (124 ± 5 vs. 188 ± 6 cm, p < 0.01). Uterus grows in length continuously between day 1 and 24 of pregnancy in Landrace but not in Mangalica sows (p < 0.01). Uterine weight as well increased earlier (day 1 to day 12) in Landrace in comparison to Mangalica (day 12 to day 24). Results of this study support the concept that in Mangalica besides diminished ovarian and oocyte development, uterine conditions, especially growth restricted uterine development, may influence the initial process of early pregnancy and can be another reason of lower fecundity.
Model simulations for genetic random drift in the outbred strain Fzt:DU
Authors: Dietl G. , Langhammer M. , Renne U.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The mouse outbred stock Fzt:DU has been bred in the Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals Dummerstorf, Germany for about 30 years. This paper describes the history and the development of some traits in this stock over 128 generations. It has been used as base population for several lines long-term selected for fertility, growth, fitness and behaviour and has been bred with an average number of 200 breeding pairs per generation using a rotational mating scheme. A simulation study was employed to investigate the effect of genetic random drift on the allele frequencies. The change of the drift variance, the probabilities for allele losses and the development of the effective population size over generations are represented. The effective population size was relatively high, compared to other mouse experiments worldwide, however the genetic variability of the Fzt:DU population is substantially reduced due the high number of generations of isolated reproduction. After 120 generations, the variance effective population size is reduced to approximately 3 animals.