bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculation Model of Human Exposure to Radiation Exposure
Authors:   Academy of state fire service, Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Zavorotny A.G.
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The aim of the work is to assess the output of stochastic and deterministic effects depending on the effective dose. Material and methods: To construct a model for estimating the probability the output of stochastic and deterministic effects depending on the effective dose of radiation, the literature experimental data were used and the probabilistic-statistical method and the least squares method were used. Results: A mathematical model is developed for estimating the yield of stochastic and deterministic effects depending on the effective radiation dose. A probabilistic mathematical model allows you to convert the risks of deterministic effects due to acute exposure of a person at a high dose and with a small exposure, measured in minutes, to the risks of stochastic effects due to exposure to a small dose during a long exposure (traced or fractionated exposure). The excellent convergence of the predicted (calculated) value EAR1 = 0,000607 and statistical EAR0 = 0.000724 is due to the fact that the reference points LD10 = 2 Gy, LD50/60 = 4 Gy, LD90 = 6 Gy are based on repeatedly verified statistical data on radiation accidents and deaths of more than 1000 people in radiation accidents. This indicates that the mathematical model adequately reflects the output of stochastic and deterministic effects observed in the operation of nuclear facilities both in normal mode and in radiation accidents. Conclusion: The probability of the yield of stochastic and deterministic effects depending on the dose of radiation received by a person is presented. The threshold of the stochastic effect for humans is in the vicinity of the equivalent dose of 10 mSv at a dose rate of 10 mSv / year for radiation with low linear energy transfer. Moreover, the probability of a stochastic effect coming out is 3×10–6 on average after 15 years.
Influence of Drinking Water Quality in the Course of Radiation Damage Following Fractionated Irradiation
Authors:   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Nikitenko O.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Andrianova I.E. ,   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Bychkova T.M. ,   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia,   Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Stavrakova N.M. ,   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Parfenova I.M. ,   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Karaulova T.A. ,   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Gordeev A.V. ,   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Ivanov A.A. ,   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia,   Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Assessment of the role of various factors in the formation of radioresistance is an important section of radiobiology, radiation medicine, including radiation therapy for hematological oncological diseases. The quality of drinking water, as it turned out, can significantly affect the radio resistance. Against the background of studying the antiradiation properties of various types of water, differing in mineral and isotopic composition, the problem of the influence of tap water on the course of radiation injury remained underestimated. This circumstance determined the purpose of the work: to compare the effectiveness of the effect of fractionated total X-ray irradiation in lethal doses, simulating total therapeutic irradiation of oncohematological patients, when consuming tap water and highly purified artificially mineralized tap water in an experiment on mice. Materials and Methods: Female ICR (CD-1) mice were irradiated with moderately lethal doses of fractionated (daily 4 × 2.2 Gy and 4 × 2.3 Gy) X-ray irradiation. After exposure, half of the mice received tap water as drinking water, and the other half received artificially mineralized drinking water. Results: Keeping animals on tap water statistically significantly reduced the survival rate of mice under fractionated irradiation (χ2 = 3.88, p <0.05, log-rank test p = 0.049) compared with animals receiving artificially mineralized distilled water. In addition, in the group of mice that received tap water, an increase in the rate of death of mice and a lower safety of the group weight of animals during the development of acute radiation injury were noted. Conclusion: Tap water, used as drinking water, increases the damaging effect of radiation with fractionated X-ray irradiation of mice.
Reirradiation of High-Grade Brain Gliomas: Availability and Risks. Literature Review
Authors:   A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia, Medvedeva K.E. , Gulidov I.A. ,   A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia, Gogolin D.V. ,   A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia
Published: April 2022

High-grade gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults. A distinctive feature of malignant gliomas is their high aggressiveness, resistance to various types of treatment, and high recurrence rate. Depending on the grade of malignancy, a relapse can occur in months or years, however, it is inevitable for almost all patients with this type of tumor. Despite the improvement of treatment methods, the problem of recurrence of malignant brain gliomas remains relevant: reoperation is associated with the risk of developing severe neurological deficits, and previous chemotherapy often leads to severe hematological toxicity. Thus, re-irradiation is seen as an effective treatment option for tumor recurrence. This review of the scientific literature examines various aspects of re-irradiation of high-grade gliomas, provides data on the features of diagnosis and treatment results in patients, as well as the frequency of complications.
Pengaruh model latihan bermain tolak sasaran terhadap kemampuan tolak peluru gaya menyamping siswa smp negeri 17 kota bengkulu
Authors: Putra Fitra Ramadhansyah , Sugihartono Tono , Nopiyanto Yahya Eko
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model latihan bermain tolak sasaran terhadapa kemampuan tolak peluru gaya menyamping siswa SMP Negeri 17 kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas VIII (8) SMP Negeri 17 kota Bengkulu yang berjumlah 187 siswa. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik sample random sampling dengan berjumlah 30 siswa SMP Negeri 17 kota Bengkulu. Instrumen dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbentuk tes tolak peluru gaya menyamping. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat diketahui bahwa data berdistribusi dengan normal dan homogen, untuk uji t diperoleh t hitung 3.885 > t tabel 1.699. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan hipotesis Ha diterima terdapat pengaruh model latihan bermain tolak sasaran terhadap kemampuan tolak peluru gaya menyamping siswa SMP Negeri 17 kota Bengkulu.
Survey Minat Masyarakat untuk Melakukan Aktifitas Olahraga Di Desa Tungkal 1 Kecamatan Pino Raya Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Corona)
Authors: Setiawan Ahmad Tedy , Sugihartono Tono , Arwin Arwin
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui minat masyarakat untuk melakukan aktivitas olahraga di desa Tungkal 1 Kecamatan Pino Raya pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey yang bersifat kuantitatif, Subyek penelitian yaiu masyarakat desa Tungkal 1 Kecamatan Pino Raya, kemudian pengambilan data penelitian dengan teknik kuesioner/angket. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriftif persentase (DP). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari 100 responden dengan 3 indikator minat yaitu faktor dorongan dari dalam individu, faktor motif sosial, dan faktor emosional menunjukkan persentase sangat tinggi dengan rincian sangat setuju sebesar 81,03%, setuju sebesar 16,34%, dan tidak setuju sebesar 2,63%. Dengan demikian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa minat masyarakat desa Tungkal 1 Kecamatan Pino Raya untuk melakukan Aktivitas Olahraga pada masa pandemi Cocid-19 (corona) tergolong sangat tinggi.
Perbandingan latihan multiple hop jump dan naik turun tangga terhadap kemampuan blocking atlet voli putra pada klub PST Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Putri Evrida Srinurdiani , Syafrial Syafrial , Arwin Arwin
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan latihan naik turun tangga dan multiple hop jump terhadap kemampuan blocking atlet voli putra pada klub PST Kota Bengkulu. Teknik dan Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah menggunakan jumping for height. Sample penelitian ini berjumlah 20 atlet yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen satu dan kelompok eksperimen dua. Hasil uji t untuk kelompok eksperimen satu maka penghitungan menunjukan thitung  sebesar 12.69 > 1.833 ttabel. Sedangkan hasil data kelompok eksperimen dua thitung  sebear 15 > ttabel 1.833. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengujian hipotesis terhadap kelompok eksperimen satu (Multiple Hop Jump) dan kelompok eksperimen dua (naik turun tangga)  terhadap kemampuan blocking atlet voli putra PST Kota Bengkulu didapat hasil  thitung> ttabel Signifikan.
Penerapan model pembelajaran pjok pada masa pandemik covid 19 di smpn 09 kecamatan lebong tengah kabupaten lebong
Authors: Paloves Agnes , Yarmani Yarmani , Defliyanto Defliyanto
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran pjok pada masa pandemic covid 19 di smpn 09 kecamatan lebong tengah kabupaten lebong tahun ajaran 2021. Sesuai dengan permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian maka penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif kualitatif,yaitu penelitian untuk mendeskrifsikan dan menganalisa fenomena,peristiwa,aktivitas social,sikap kepercayaan persepsi,pemikiran secara individual maupun kelompok.Sujekl penelitian ini adalah 42 orang. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian dilapangan dan hasil analisa 73,9 % melakukan penerapan model pembelajaran secara online dengan sistem penerapan model whatshapp group .
Gestão de negócios com foco em finanças
Authors: Moura Francisca Larice Costa
Published: April 2022

A ênfase do estudo aqui apresentado é a gestão de negócios com foco em finanças, onde se apresenta conteúdos relacionados em questão, embasados na grade curricular apresentada pelo curso de MBA em Finanças e Controladoria. Além dos conhecimentos relevantes adquiridos por meio de uma pesquisa do tema, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e complementado com as opiniões apresentadas ao longo do estudo, por meio de um texto dissertativo-expositivo, considerando autores como (Cavalcanti, Dewey, Hora, Longenecker, Luck e, Rodrigues) entre outros de igual relevância. Considera-se o estudo apresentado de grande importância, pois o conhecimento adquirido irá auxiliar o autor do artigo e o leitor a acelerar e otimizar o desempenho (nos negócios, com ênfase na parte financeira dos mesmos, habilidades essenciais para a realização de um diagnóstico assertivo e para tomadas de decisões, ponto rotineiro para o profissional. Por meio de uma contextualização e da pesquisa bibliográfica, o trabalho busca apresentar a gestão de diferentes negócios e o ambiente em que estão inseridos no Brasil, de acordo com o manual apresentado e as normas exigidas.
CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN BURDENS AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN CAREGIVERS OF DEPENDENT ELDERLY IN PRAWIRODIRJAN VILLAGE
Authors:   Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta Indonesia, Angelika Putu Veby , Widagdo The Maria Meiwati ,   Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta Indonesia, Manus Widya Christine ,   Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta Indonesia, Haripurnomo Silvester ,   Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta Indonesia
Published: April 2022

Background: Aging is synonymous with decreased body function due to natural factors (aging process) and diseases. The elderly who are unable to do their activities can cause dependence on the caregiver. In carrying out its role, the caregiver has burdens that can affect their life quality. Objective: To measure the correlation between the burden and the quality of life in caregivers of dependent elderly in Prawirodirjan Sub-district, Gondomanan District, Yogyakarta Municipality. Materials and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method with a total sample of 33 participants. Caregiver burden was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) questionnaires. Measurements of quality of life were conducted using the WHO QoL BREF questionnaire. Spearman rank correlation analysis was administered to conduct statistical analysis. Results: There were very significant negative correlations between the caregiver’s burden (ZBI) and WHO QoL BREF physical health domain, psychological domain, social relations domain, and environment domain. There were very significant positive correlations between the caregiver’s burden self-esteem caregiver’s domain (CRA) and WHO QoL BREF psychological domain. There was a significant negative correlation between the caregiver's burden of the family support domain (CRA) and WHO QoL BREF physical health domain, psychological domain, social relations domain, and environment domain. There was a significant negative correlation between the caregiver’s burden impacts on the financial domain (CRA) and WHO QoL BREF environment domain. There was a very significant negative correlation between the caregiver’s burden of daily schedule impact domain (CRA) and WHO QoL BREF environment domain as well as there was a very significant negative correlation between the caregiver’s burden of health impact domain (CRA) and WHO QoL BREF physical health domain. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between burden and the quality of life of dependent elderly caregivers in Prawirodirjan Village, Gondomanan District, Yogyakarta Municipality. The higher the burden of a caregiver, the lower the caregiver's quality of life, and conversely.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH STUNTING BABIES 6-24 MONTHS OLD IN THE WORKING AREA OF PASREPAN HEALTH CENTER
Authors:   Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala, Surabaya Indonesia, Buon Jonathan Overian , Budipramana Edwin ,   Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala, Surabaya Indonesia, Rihadi Lukas Slamet ,   Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala, Surabaya Indonesia
Published: April 2022

Background: Stunting is a condition of impaired growth that children experience because of prolonged poor nutrition. Factors that cause stunting are the nutrition status of pre-pregnancy mothers, nutrition status during pregnancy, early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, environment sanitation, and infection in children. Stunting has an impact on suboptimal intelligence in children and also can result in a poor immune system. Objective: To know the correlation between pregnant mothers' nutrition status with stunting babies 6-24 months old in the working area of Puskesmas Pasrepan. Method: This study was an observational analytical study with a case-control retrospective design, participated by 80 babies which 40 were stunted and the other 40 were normal height and was taken from Pasrepan Health Center secondary data using consecutive technique sampling. Data was taken from Puskesmas Pasrepan consisted of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of pregnant women, the height of children 6-24 months, age of children, number of ANC visits, and sex of children. Variables were analyzed using Chi-Square to know the correlation between the nutritional status of pregnant women with stunting. Results: 5 out of 6 stunted 6-24 months old babies (83,3%) were from malnourished pregnant women or maternal chronic energy deficiency (CED), and 35 out of 40 stunted 6-24 months old babies (47,3%) were from maternal with normal nutrition. The correlation between the nutritional status of pregnant women with stunting results was (p=0,09). Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between the nutritional status of pregnant women with stunting babies 6-24 months old.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES TEST OF RED GINGER (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) ETHANOL EXTRACT ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine , Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya Indonesia, Budianto Andrea , Dinata Mulya ,   Departement of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya Indonesia, Isbandiati Endang ,   Departement of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya Indonesia
Published: April 2022

Background: Antibiotic is a drug often used against infections caused by bacteria; however, irrational use of antibiotics can cause multidrug resistance (MDR). Staphylococcus epidermidis is a bacteria that has developed an MDR characteristic against antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal opportunistic flora. Said bacteria can produce a biofilm that enables the bacteria to adhere to prosthetic devices and enter the bloodstream. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) is a medicinal plant considered antibacterial for its secondary metabolites. Purpose: This study aims to determine the antibacterial effect of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) ethanol extract against Streptococcus epidermidis using a non-equivalent control group design study. Method: Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) ethanol extract was made with the maceration method. This study uses a microdilution test on 96 well plates. The absorbance value was read using a spectrophotometer to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value, and streaking agar was used to find the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value. Result: The result shows that the red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) ethanol extract at a concentration of 62,5 μg/mL inhibits 75% of bacteria growth, at 125 μg/mL inhibits 60% of bacteria growth, at 250 μg/mL inhibits 45% of bacteria growth, at 500μg/mL inhibits 65% of bacteria growth and at 1.000μg/mL inhibits 50% of bacteria growth. The streaking agar test result shows bacteria growth on every concentration. Conclusion: Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) ethanol extract in the concentration range of 62,5-1.000 μg/mL have no MIC and MBC value against Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Failure of bivalve foundation species recruitment related to trophic changes during an extreme heatwave event
Authors: Correia-Martins A , Tremblay R , Bec B , Roques C , Atteia A , Gobet A , Richard M , Hamaguchi M , Miyajima T , Hori M , Miron G , Pouvreau S , Lagarde F
Published: April 2022

Bivalves are regulators of coastal lagoons and provide a wide range of ecosystem services. However, coastal lagoons are sensitive to climate change. Our objective was to describe the drivers of the cascade of ecological events that occurred during a summer heatwave and which resulted in recruitment failure of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Results show that elevated temperatures and salinity caused a shift in planktonic food availability toward smaller taxa. These trophic changes did not affect food accumulation by oyster larvae or their fatty acid composition but did affect post-metamorphosis success, with up to 24% fewer young metamorphosed postlarvae at some sites and no development of juveniles at all sites. This resulted in the failure of oyster recruitment and in the development of tubeworms, a trophic and spatial competitor that can better ingest small particles. This knowledge suggests that, in the context of marine heatwaves, the ecological limits of oyster larvae are narrower than their physiological limits.
PROTOTIPE SISTEM PENGATURAN KECEPATAN PUTARAN POMPA BERDASARKAN VOLUME RESERVOAR BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR ULTRASONIK
Authors: Kamil Mahyessie , Azmi MUhammad , Hariyadi Hariyadi
Published: April 2022

Dalam pengoperasiannya, WTP. Belakang Balok Kap. 40 l/dt sering mengalami kendala dalam suplai air bakunya. Seperti yang diketahui, suplai air baku WTP. Belakang Balok Kap. 40 l/dt adalah dari Embung Tabek Gadang yang memiliki tingkat kekeruhan air baku yang tinggi serta banyaknya endapan dan sedimen yang terkandung sehingga Backwash dan Flushing pada pipa harus dilakukan secara berkala. Dengan banyaknya endapan dan sedimen yang ada pada air baku tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan debit, sehingga persediaan air bersih yang ada didalam resevoar sering tekendala dan operasional pendistribusian air bersih harus dihentikan selama ± 4 jam untuk setiap harinya. Solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan sensor Ultra Sonik pada reservoar yang nantinya akan di kombinasikan dengan Variable Speed Driver untuk mengatur kecepatan putaran pompa, sehingga pendistribusian air di imbangi dengan air yang masuk ke reservoar. Dengan demikian pendistribusian air dapat dilakukan selama 24 jam setiap harinya. Kata Kunci : Inverter, Sensor Ultrasonik, Pengaturan Frekuensi
ANALISIS YURIDIS PENGARUH USIA TERHADAP TINGGINYA TINGKAT PERCERAIAN DI KOTA BATAM (STUDI PENELITIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KELAS IA BATAM)
Authors: Wasliati Wardah , Washiati Laily , Wasliati Balqis
Published: April 2022

This journal is entitled Juridical Analysis of the Effect of Age on the High Level of Divorce in Batam City (Research Study at the Religious Court Class Ia Batam) on Jalan RE. Martadinata Number 5, Sekupang, Batam City, Riau Islands 29425, with the construction problems: What are the legal arrangements regarding filing for divorce at the Batam Class IA Religious Court?; and what are the factors behind the high divorce rate in Batam and what are the solutions to reduce the high divorce rate? The qualification/type of writing for this journal uses a normative legal writing type, which is supported by sociological/empirical legal research. To analyze some of the problems in this journal, a big theory (The Pure Theory of Law) is used. Legal positivism (positive law school) which sees the need to clearly separate law and morals (between applicable law and the law that should be), and theory (Law is Command of a Lawgiver) John Austin, namely the law is considered as a logical system, fixed and closed (closed logical system), the law is strictly separated from justice and is not based on good and bad values. Legal arrangements regarding filing for divorce in the Religious Courts refer to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 9 of 1975 concerning the Implementation of Law Number of 1974 concerning Marriage, Law Number 32 of 1954 concerning Enforcement of Laws - Law of the Republic of Indonesia dated November 21, 1946 Number 22 of 1946 concerning Registration of Marriage, Divorce, Reconciliation in All Regions Outside Java and Madura, Instruction of the President of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1991 concerning the Dissemination of Compilation of Islamic Law, Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law Number 7 of 1989 concerning Religious Courts.Keywords: Marriage, Divorce, Age Effect.
Ubiquitous Nature of the Reduced Higher Order SVD in Tensor-Based Scientific Computing
Authors: Khoromskaia Venera , Khoromskij Boris N.
Published: April 2022

Tensor numerical methods, based on the rank-structured tensor representation of d-variate functions and operators discretized on large n⊗d grids, are designed to provide O(dn) complexity of numerical calculations contrary to O(nd) scaling by conventional grid-based methods. However, multiple tensor operations may lead to enormous increase in the tensor ranks (curse of ranks) of the target data, making calculation intractable. Therefore, one of the most important steps in tensor calculations is the robust and efficient rank reduction procedure which should be performed many times in the course of various tensor transforms in multi-dimensional operator and function calculus. The rank reduction scheme based on the Reduced Higher Order SVD (RHOSVD) introduced by the authors, played a significant role in the development of tensor numerical methods. Here, we briefly survey the essentials of RHOSVD method and then focus on some new theoretical and computational aspects of the RHOSVD and demonstrate that this rank reduction technique constitutes the basic ingredient in tensor computations for real-life problems. In particular, the stability analysis of RHOSVD is presented. We introduce the multi-linear algebra of tensors represented in the range-separated (RS) tensor format. This allows to apply the RHOSVD rank-reduction techniques to non-regular functional data with many singularities, for example, to the rank-structured computation of the collective multi-particle interaction potentials in bio-molecular modeling, as well as to complicated composite radial functions. The new theoretical and numerical results on application of the RHOSVD in scattered data modeling are presented. We underline that RHOSVD proved to be the efficient rank reduction technique in numerous applications ranging from numerical treatment of multi-particle systems in material sciences up to a numerical solution of PDE constrained control problems in ℝd.
Inclusion Characteristics of the Fracture-Cave Calcite of Ordovician Yingshan Formation and Its Indication to the Formation of Paleokarst Reservoir in the Northern Slope of Tarim Basin Center Area, China
Authors: Dan Yong , Ba Junjie , Liang Bin , Zhang Qingyu , Li Jingrui , Nie Guoquan
Published: April 2022

A karst fracture-cavity was developed in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of the Tarim Basin center area (Tazhong area); however, the area experienced multistage karst and diagenesis in the later period, and the reservoir was heavily reformed, characterized by complex distribution. Based on the testing of the inclusions in the karst fractures and fracture-cave calcite, this study summarizes the physical and chemical characteristics of the inclusions in the northern slope of Tazhong. The major inclusions were liquid and gas–liquid phases, while the minor ones were hydrocarbon phases. Based on the salinity–homogenization temperature diagram, the gas–liquid inclusions could be divided into seven types: low-temperature low-salinity inclusions (the lowest salinity was 0.88%, which is lower than that of present sea water; the lowest temperature of the inclusions was 49°C); low-temperature high-salinity inclusions; medium-temperature low-salinity inclusions; medium-temperature medium-salinity inclusions; medium-temperature high-salinity inclusions; high-temperature medium-salinity inclusions; and high-temperature high-salinity inclusions. The development of inclusions was characterized by high temperature and high salinity or low temperature and low salinity. In addition, the low-temperature and low-salinity inclusions near the unconformity surface were well-developed. The high-temperature and higher-salinity inclusions far from the unconformity surface were also well-developed. A burial history analysis showed three stages of karstification or filling in the area: exposed karstification in the Middle Caledonian, shallow burial filling in the Middle Hercynian, and burial filling in the Late Hercynian. By determining the inclusions in calcite associated with mud in the karst caves and combined with previous studies, the Middle Caledonian was found to be the period associated with the eogenetic karstification of meteoric water and seawater. This is the key factor in the formation of karst reservoirs in the Tazhong area. The large-scale calcite growth in the Middle Hercynian and Late Hercynian burial periods led to further filling of the early karst reservoir, reduced reservoir space, and enhanced reservoir heterogeneity.
Exploring the Integration Between Colour Theory and Biodiversity Values in the Design of Living Walls
Authors: Thorpert Petra , Rayner John , Haaland Christine , Englund Jan-Eric , Fransson Ann-Mari
Published: April 2022

Designing green infrastructure in cities requires vegetation that has multiple outcomes and functions, particularly using plants that have both attractive visual or aesthetic features and high biodiversity values. Plantings that have high visual appeal are more highly valued by people and increase their feeling of wellbeing. Increasing biodiversity in cities is one of the major challenges facing urban planning and design. However, balancing biodiversity and aesthetic outcomes in urban planting design is complex, and to date there are few methods that can be used to guide plant selection. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the use of a colour theory framework for planting arrangements to see if we could design vegetation that is highly aesthetic and has high biodiversity. We did this by configuring planting combinations for living walls in Malmö, Sweden, using principles based on Johannes Itten’s colour theories. The plant combinations on each wall were graphically arranged using (1) colour analysis of each plant and (2) design of the plant species into two colour schemes: light-dark colour concept and a complementary colour concept. For each species used in the compositions we created a biodiversity classification, based on its pollination value, “nativeness” and conservation value as a cultivar; and a plant visual quality classification, based on the performance from living walls studies. The graphical colour composition and interlinked biodiversity value were then compared to designs created with randomly selected plant species. The results showed that it is possible to design a living wall based on colour theory without compromising with biodiversity outcomes, namely species richness, pollination and the nativeness of the species. The results also indicate the potential application of this design approach to deliver greater aesthetic appreciation and enjoyment from plantings. While more work is needed, this study has shown that a theoretical colour framework can be a useful tool in designing green infrastructure to improve delivery of both cultural and regulatory ecosystem services.
Diversity of Cultivable Bacteria in A Saline Desert of Little Rann of Kutch, India: A Phylogenetic Perspective
Authors: Bhatt Hitarth B. , Singh Satya P.
Published: April 2022

Deserts in general, and Indian deserts in particular, are less attended for microbial diversity. The Little Rann of Kutch (LRK), a coastal saline desert, is characterized by a unique combination of both dry and wet features. This study represents the first report on the extensive isolation, spatial distribution, 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny, and identification of novel taxa. A total of 87 isolates were obtained from three different study sites in LRK. Based on the full 16S rRNA gene sequences, the isolates were grouped into 44 different phylotypes of four phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Euryarchaeota. These in turn were represented by 19 different genera. Halomonas, Gracilibacillus, Thalassobacillus, Piscibacillus, Salimicrobium, Alkalibacillus, Bhargavaea, Proteus, Marinobacter, Pseudomonas, Kocuria, Corynebacterium, Planococcus, Micrococcus and Natronococcus identified in this study had never before been reported from this habitat. A majority of the isolates displayed broad salt and pH tolerance. The bacterial diversity of Venasar and Jogad closely resembled with each other. While Bacillus, Virgibacillus, Gracillibacillus, and Bhargavaea were common genera in all sites, six putative novel taxa of different phylogenetic groups were identified. Available nitrogen, pH, Organic carbon, TDS, and EC were the main environmental variables affecting the microbial diversity. Analysis of the geographical distribution revealed that a majority of the phylotypes had cosmopolitan distribution, followed by the saline and marine distribution, while ∼13% were affiliated with only LRK. The phylotypes associated with marine distribution decreased with increasing distance from the Gulf of Kutch, suggesting their endemism to marine environments. The study established the taxonomic novelty and prospects for the discovery of unique products and metabolites.
The Miseno Lake (Central-Western Mediterranean Sea): An Overlooked Reservoir of Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Ascidians in a Marine Reserve
Authors: Virgili Riccardo , Tanduo Valentina , Katsanevakis Stelios , Terlizzi Francesco , Villani Guido , Fontana Angelo , Crocetta Fabio
Published: April 2022

Ascidians are the largest and most diverse class of the subphylum Tunicata, and are important components of marine benthic communities. They are also renowned worldwide invaders, of growing concern due to ease of spread and impacts on native biota. We hereby combined bathymetric and habitat mapping, extensive transect and photo-quadrat sampling, and a morphological and molecular study on selected specimens to evaluate taxonomic composition, cover, and distribution pattern of ascidians in a marine reserve of the central-western Mediterranean Sea, the Miseno Lake (Bacoli, Naples, Italy). Twenty-four taxa were found, of which 9 were non-indigenous species (NIS), 5 cryptogenic, and 10 native, delineating the Miseno Lake as a major hotspot of NIS and cryptogenic ascidians. DNA barcoding yielded 114 sequences, confirming identification for 22 taxa but also revealing single to few mismatches per species. Taxonomic insights were offered in the text and the Supplementary Material for several taxa, including the understudied Ascidia colleta and Ascidia malaca. The presence of a new clade was discovered in the Distaplia bermudensis species complex. Didemnum pseudovexillum and Polyclinum constellatum were respectively first recorded in Italy and western Mediterranean, and the same holds true for other taxa whose accurate identification was only possible through molecular evidence. The analysis of photographic archives allowed backdating and georeferencing to the Miseno Lake of the first records of Aplidium accarense and Botrylloides niger in Italy and of P. constellatum in the Mediterranean. Generalized Additive Models revealed that the abundance of NIS increased with availability of hard substrates (rocks or litter), decreased with depth, and was the highest in the channels connecting to other water bodies, followed by the peripheral areas of the lake. No certain evidence of competitive restriction of native ascidians was found. Finally, introduction pathways, potential impacts, and additional insights were discussed for NIS. The present study provides a baseline to evaluate shifts in the ascidian communities in the future, suggests that constant monitoring programs constitute crucial steps to achieve solid NIS management, and confirms marine reserves as widely vulnerable to biological invasions, especially when they coincide with potential hotspots of arrival or spreading such as semi-enclosed basins.
Resource Assessment of Larimichthys crocea in the East China Sea Based on eDNA Analysis
Authors: Wu Lisheng , Li Jianlong , Tong Feng , Zhang Jiajun , Li Miaomiao , Ding Shaoxiong
Published: April 2022

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a promising tool for rapid and noninvasive biomonitoring and resource assessment. Broadly, two main PCR-based strategies of biodiversity monitoring can be deployed for eDNA analysis. The first one consists of targeting single species using standard PCR, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), or droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). The second strategy aims to simultaneously detect multiple species relying on High-Throughput Sequencing (i.e. eDNA metabarcoding). The aim of this study was to further explore a convenient and feasible method to correctly assess fishery resources using eDNA technology for large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Two eDNA methods (metabarcoding and qPCR) were used to investigate the biomass and distribution of large yellow croaker in the autumn and spring seasons in the central and southern regions of the East China Sea, and these results were compared with the results of a bottom trawling fishery survey. The results suggested that the designed NADH2-specific primers and developed real-time qPCR method were more applicable and reliable. The variation in the eDNA concentration of large yellow croakers coincided well with that of a real capture survey in the East China Sea. The difference in eDNA concentration between the surface and bottom water samples reflected the distribution characteristics in the water layer related to the life history of L. crocea in the two seasons. The developed methods based on eDNA technology and real-time qPCR could not only be used to evaluate the resource distribution but could also contribute to estimating the life history and migration route of large yellow croaker.
N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Dehydrogenase Fat-1 Regulates Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism by Altering DNA Methylation in Isolated Cells of Transgenic Cattle
Authors: Wang Xueqiao , Zhu Lin , Wei Zhuying , Gu Mingjuan , Yang Miaomiao , Zhou Xinyu , Bai Chunling , Su Guanghua , Liu Xuefei , Yang Lei , Li Guangpeng
Published: April 2022

The fatty acid dehydrogenase fat-1 gene, derived from Caenorhabditis elegans, encodes n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid dehydrogenase (Δ15 desaturase) and catalyzes the 18–20-carbon n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) to generate corresponding n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). Subsequently, fat-1 can influence the n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio in fat-1 transgenic cells. This study aimed to explore which processes of energy metabolism are affected exogenous fat-1 transgene and the relationship between these effects and DNA methylation. Compared with the wild-type group, the n-3 PUFA content in fat-1 transgenic bovine fetal fibroblasts was significantly increased, and the n-6 PUFA content and the n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio decreased. In the context of energy metabolism, the increase of exogenous fat-1 transgene decreased ATP synthesis by 39% and reduced the activity and expression of key rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, thus weakening the cells’ capacity for ATP production. DNA methylation sequencing indicated that this inhibition of gene expression may be due to altered DNA methylation that regulates cell energy metabolism. Exogenous fat-1 transgenic cells showed changes in the degree of methylation in the promoter region of genes related to energy metabolism rate-limiting enzymes. We suggest that alters the balance of n-6/n-3 PUFA could regulate altered DNA methylation that affect mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Where Does It Belong? Autonomous Object Mapping in Open-World Settings
Authors: Langer Edith , Patten Timothy , Vincze Markus
Published: April 2022

Detecting changes such as moved, removed, or new objects is the essence for numerous indoor applications in robotics such as tidying-up, patrolling, and fetch/carry tasks. The problem is particularly challenging in open-world scenarios where novel objects may appear at any time. The main idea of this paper is to detect objects from partial 3D reconstructions of interesting areas in the environment. In our pipeline we first identify planes, consider clusters on top as objects, and compute their point-pair-features. They are used to match potential objects and categorize them robustly into static, moved, removed, and novel objects even in the presence of partial object reconstructions and clutter. Our approach dissolves heaps of objects without specific object knowledge, but only with the knowledge acquired from change detection. The evaluation is performed on real-world data that includes challenges affecting the quality of the reconstruction as a result of noisy input data. We present the novel dataset ObChange for quantitative evaluation, and we compare our method against a baseline using learning-based object detection. The results show that, even with a targeted training set, our approach outperforms the baseline for most test cases. Lastly, we also demonstrate our method’s effectiveness in real robot experiments.
Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motors with Imbalanced Data Using Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Chang Hong-Chan , Wang Yi-Che , Shih Yu-Yang , Kuo Cheng-Chien
Published: April 2022

A homemade defective model of an induction motor was created by the laboratory team to acquire the vibration acceleration signals of five operating states of an induction motor under different loads. Two major learning models, namely a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) and a convolutional neural network, were applied for fault diagnosis of the induction motor to the problem of an imbalanced training dataset. Two datasets were studied and analyzed: a sufficient and balanced training dataset and insufficient and imbalanced training data. When the training datasets were adequate and balanced, time–frequency analysis was advantageous for fault diagnosis at different loads, with the diagnostic accuracy achieving 95.06% and 96.38%. For the insufficient and imbalanced training dataset, regardless of the signal preprocessing method, the more imbalanced the training dataset, the lower the diagnostic accuracy was for the testing dataset. Samples generated by DCGAN were found to exhibit 80% similarity with the actual data through comparison. By oversampling the imbalanced dataset, DCGAN achieved a 90% diagnostic accuracy, close to the accuracy achieved using a balanced dataset. Among all oversampling techniques, the pro-balanced method yielded the optimal result. The diagnostic accuracy reached 85% in the cross-load test, indicating that the generated data had successfully learned the different fault features that validate the DCGAN’s ability to learn parts of input signals.
Zircon Hf-Isotopic Mapping Applied to the Metal Exploration of the Sanjiang Tethyan Orogenic Belt, Southwestern China
Authors: Du Bin , Yang Zian , Yang Lifei , Chen Qi , Zhu Jiaxuan , Shi Kangxing , Li Gao , Wang Lei , Lu Jia
Published: April 2022

Zircon Hf-isotopic mapping can be regarded as a useful tool for evaluating the coupling relationship between lithospheric structure and metallic mineralization. Hence, this method shows important significance for mineral prediction. To explore this potential, the published granite zircon Hf isotope data from the Sanjiang Tethyan Orogen were systematically compiled. This study uses the Kriging weighted interpolation in the Mapgis software system to contour Hf isotopes, revealing a relation between the crustal structure and metallogenesis. The mapping results suggest that the Changning–Menglian suture zone is the boundary between ancient and juvenile crust, viz., the western terranes have ancient crust attributes, whereas the eastern terranes exhibit the properties of new juvenile crust. In addition, this study also found that the mineralization and element types in the Sanjiang Tethyan Orogen have a coupling relationship with the crustal structure. The distribution of porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits is mainly controlled by the new juvenile crust, whereas the magmatic-hydrothermal Sn-W and porphyry Mo-W(-Cu) deposits are closely related to the reworked ancient crust. The results of zircon Hf isotope mapping prove that the formation and spatial distribution of deposits are related to the composition and properties of the crust. Hf isotope mapping can reveal the regional metallogenic rules and explore metallogenic prediction and metallogenic potential evaluation.
Improving Semantic Dependency Parsing with Higher-Order Information Encoded by Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Li Bin , Fan Yunlong , Sataer Yikemaiti , Gao Zhiqiang , Gui Yaocheng
Published: April 2022

Higher-order information brings significant accuracy gains in semantic dependency parsing. However, modeling higher-order information is non-trivial. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been demonstrated to be an effective tool for encoding higher-order information in many graph learning tasks. Inspired by the success of GNNs, we investigate improving semantic dependency parsing with higher-order information encoded by multi-layer GNNs. Experiments are conducted on the SemEval 2015 Task 18 dataset in three languages (Chinese, English, and Czech). Compared to the previous state-of-the-art parser, our parser yields 0.3% and 2.2% improvement in average labeled F1-score on English in-domain (ID) and out-of-domain (OOD) test sets, 2.6% improvement on Chinese ID test set, and 2.0% and 1.8% improvement on Czech ID and OOD test sets. Experimental results show that our parser outperforms the previous best one on the SemEval 2015 Task 18 dataset in three languages. The outstanding performance of our parser demonstrates that the higher-order information encoded by GNNs is exceedingly beneficial for improving SDP.
Impact of Barrel Toasting on Ellagitannin Composition of Aged Cognac Eaux-de-Vie
Authors: Gadrat Mathilde , Emo Catherine , Lavergne Joël , Teissèdre Pierre-Louis , Chira Kléopatra
Published: April 2022

It is well established that C-glucosidic ellagitannins contribute to wine quality, and new forms of ellagitannins have been found recently in cognac eaux-de-vie. The contribution of some ellagitannin-derived spirit compounds to eaux-de-vie taste has been demonstrated recently. However, there is a gap in our knowledge of the content, composition, and evolution of C-glucosidic ellagitannins in this matrix. Indeed, the quantification of these compounds and their evolutionary compounds have never before been researched in cognac eaux-de-vie. Thus, the aim of this study was not only to quantify these compounds, but also to study their kinetics and to observe how they are impacted by barrel toasting. For this purpose, barrels representing eight different toasting levels were used to age the same eau-de-vie during the first 18 months. Ellagitannin quantification was carried out by HPLC-Triple quadrupole. The results showed that the evolutionary trend of the eight ellagitannins is the same for all eight types of barrel toasting. The maximum concentrations of C-glucosidic ellagitannins were found after 3 months of aging (up to 23 mg/L) before decreasing to 18 months (9.7 mg/L), whereas ellagitannin-derived spirit compound concentrations increased throughout aging (up to 130.9 mg/L). In addition, barrel toasting had such an impact on ellagitannin content that barrels could be differentiated according to their levels. Eaux-de-vie in barrels with high toasting were lower in ellagitannins concentrations.