bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earnings Transparency, Cost of Debt and Cost of Equity: A Cross-Country Examination
Authors: Flores Eduardo , Sampaio Joelson Oliveira , Beiruth Aziz Xavier , da Silva Aldy Fernandes
Published: September 2020

This study evaluates the effect of earnings transparency on the cost of debt (Ki) and cost of equity (Ke). Previous literature has demonstrated that earnings transparency can reduce the Ke, especially in very well-developed stock markets. However, our main hypothesis is that this finding does not necessarily remain the same when considering the Ki. More specifically, this is because investors and creditors have different interests, concerns, and views about financial statements and accounting procedures. Using two proxies of earnings transparency, our findings support this conjecture, indicating that while an increase in earnings transparency reduces the Ke, this relationship does not keep that same impact on Ki. This study has implications for standard setters, debt holders and companies regarding the changes stemming from IFRS convergence, contributing to the prior literature which indicate that creditors and investors need different kind of information due to the distinct decision-making process.
UBO-registers in Nederland. It giet oan!
Authors: Snijder-Kuipers B.
Published: September 2020

UBO-registers in Nederland. It giet oan!

Op 27 september 2020 wordt het UBO-register in Nederland ingevoerd. Een UBO-register voor trusts en fondsen voor gemene rekening (FGR’s) volgt later in 2020. In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op het toepassingsbereik, het UBO-begrip en de openbaarheid van beide UBO-registers.
De Mobiliteitsrichtlijn en implementatie van deze richtlijn voor grensoverschrijdende verrichtingen
Authors: Baldee M.H. , Nijland J.
Published: September 2020

De Mobiliteitsrichtlijn en implementatie van deze richtlijn voor grensoverschrijdende verrichtingen

Dit artikel beschrijft de voorgeschiedenis, totstandkoming en inhoud van Richtlijn (EU) 2019/2121. Auteurs bespreken relevante jurisprudentie en de volgens de Mobiliteitsrichtlijn te volgen procedure om een grensoverschrijdende verrichting tot stand te brengen. Daarnaast bezien zij aan welke instantie het toezicht op de rechtmatigheid van de grensoverschrijdende verrichting kan worden opgedragen.
Darowizna środków pieniężnych na rzecz nabywcy lokalu mieszkalnego, dokonana bezpośrednio na rachunek płatniczy dewelopera — zwolnienie od podatku od spadków i darowizn
Authors: Smalej Adrian
Published: September 2020

W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie przysługujące na podstawie art. 4a ust. 1 pkt 1 i 2 ustawy o podatku od spadków i darowizn zwolnienie z podatku dla osób obdarowanych, które otrzymały darowiznę środków pieniężnych bezpośrednio na rachunek płatniczy dewelopera, w celu wykonania umowy deweloperskiej. W szczególności dokonano przeglądu orzecznictwa, wydanych w tym przedmiocie interpretacji indywidualnych oraz uwzględniono wskazany w interpretacji ogólnej Ministra Finansów model stosowania omawianego przepisu. W rezultacie stwierdzono możliwość uzyskania zwolnienia od podatku od spadków i darowizn przez obdarowanego, pomimo nie spełnienia wszystkich wymogów formalnych wskazanych w powołanym przepisie, zgodnie z jego literalnym brzmieniem.
Zwischen sozialem Zusammenhalt und politischer Praxis : Die vielen Gesichter der Solidarität
Authors: Lessenich Stephan , Reder Michael , Süẞ Dietmar
Published: September 2020

Gegenläufig zu vielfachen Tendenzen der Entsolidarisierung im Zuge neoliberaler Umbrüche entstehen gegenwärtig neue Formen der Solidarität, die (teils) traditionelle Grenzen überschreiten. Diese lassen sich angemessen verstehen, wenn man erstens in historischer Perspektive Unterschiede und Überschneidungen zu Begriffen wie Hilfe, Utopie oder Solidarismus analysiert. Zur Rekonstruktion der Rede über Solidarität helfen zweitens fünf Begriffskontinuen, innerhalb derer sich die Diskussion aktuell bewegt. Diese Kontinuen schärfen den Blick auf Annahmen und Begrenzungen des Diskurses. Der Beitrag argumentiert vor diesem Hintergrund für ein praxeologisches Verständnis von Solidarität. Gerade politische Praktiken der Solidarität haben das Potenzial, bestehende Strukturen und Diskurse zu kritisieren und Wege für eine Transformation der Gesellschaft aufzuzeigen, ohne in bloße Sozialromantik zu verfallen.
Helfen und Kritik. Das Verhältnis von Solidarität und Wohltätigkeit in der Hilfe für Geflüchtete
Authors: Wagner Greta
Published: September 2020

Anderen zu helfen kann aus einer gesellschaftskritischen Perspektive umstritten sein. Ist die Hilfe nicht verbunden mit politischer Kritik – so der Vorwurf –, stabilisiert sie oft eher den Status quo, als dass sie zu gesellschaftlicher Transformation beiträgt. Einseitige Hilfsbeziehungen reproduzieren symbolische Ungleichheiten und bergen die Gefahr des Paternalismus. Deshalb versuchen Aktivist*innen, nicht wohltätig zu helfen, sondern solidarisch. Solidarität aber basiert idealtypisch auf Reziprozität, die gerade in ungleichen Verhältnissen voraussetzungsreich ist. In diesem Beitrag werden solidarisches und wohltätiges Helfen konzeptionell unterschieden. Die Autorin diskutiert drei Kontrastfälle, in denen Freiwillige Geflüchteten helfen: aktivistisches Helfen auf Lesbos, zivile Seenotrettung im Mittelmeer und ehrenamtliche Hilfe für Geflüchtete in rheinhessischen Dörfern. Die Hilfe in den drei Fällen basiert auf unterschiedlich langen Interaktionsphasen, was ebenso Auswirkungen auf die Bedeutung der Wechselseitigkeit zwischen Helfer*innen und Hilfsempfänger*innen hat wie auf den Gebrauch des Solidaritätsbegriffs.
Von der Schwierigkeit, solidarisch zu sein. Ein Bericht aus der forschung
Authors: Dafinger Sophia , Fleischmann Eva , Stüber Karolin-Sophie
Published: September 2020

Eine Gesellschaft braucht Solidarität, darin sind sich fast alle einig. Weniger Einigkeit besteht darüber, was das bedeutet. Wie genau manifestiert sich Solidarität, wie wandelt sie sich und wie kann man sie von anderen Formen kollektiven Handelns abgrenzen? Die Autorinnen befassen sich mit einigen kontroversen Fragen, die sich für die sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung aus dem Solidaritätsbegriff ergeben. Diese Fragen stellen sich auch für das interdisziplinäre Forschungsprojekt, über das in diesem Beitrag berichtet wird. In seinem Zentrum steht das Konzept einer politischen Solidarität zwischen Hilfe und Aktivismus, dessen Ambivalenzen ausgelotet und sozialphilosophisch reflektiert werden. Der Ansatz wird an Beispielen der Hilfe für Geflüchtete im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert illustriert.
Demokratie für Deutschland, Austerität für Europa? Grenzen der Solidarität in der rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts
Authors: Farahat Anuscheh , Hildebrand Marius
Published: September 2020

Anhand des Urteils des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zum Europäischen Stabilitätsmechanismus (ESM) wird untersucht, wie die verfassungsgerichtliche Bearbeitung von Konflikten im Kontext der Eurozonenkrise die Ausgestaltung transnationaler Solidarität in Europa beeinflusst. Hierzu wird argumentiert, dass sich die kriseninduzierte Politisierung europäischen Regierens als Vervielfältigung und Vertiefung von transnationalen Solidaritätskonflikten verstehen lässt. Auf dieser Grundlage wird deutlich, dass das ESM-Urteil die supranationale Konditionalisierung von finanzpolitischer Solidarität gegenüber den Schuldnerstaaten als notwendige Ergänzung eines auf den Nationalstaat verengten Demokratieprinzips geltend macht. Das Gericht nobilitiert damit nicht nur die krisenpolitische Position der Bundesregierung. Das Urteil läuft auf ein Dilemma demokratischen Regierens in Europa hinaus und setzt der Ausgestaltung transnationaler Solidarität in Europa enge Grenzen.
Besteuerung digitaler Unternehmen – die schwierige Suche nach einem europäischen Ansatz
Authors: Klein Daniel , Ludwig Christopher , Spengel Christoph
Published: September 2020

In March 2018, the European Commission introduced two Directive proposals to target tax challenges in the era of digitalization. The first Directive proposal suggests to introduce a digital services tax of 3 percent on gross revenues from digital services as an interim measure. The second one proposes as a long-term solution to extend the permanent establishment concept to create a virtual permanent establishment if a corporation has a “significant digital presence” in a country. So far, a lack of consensus among the member states of the European Union has made successful legislation on the European level unlikely. Despite the absence of an intra-community agreement, several member states have implemented the Directive proposal of a digital services tax with various adaptions unilaterally. These actions contradict the efforts to develop agreeable tax reforms on a multilateral level. The article at hand critically evaluates the current European reform proposals.
Rechtliche, organisatorische und politische Rahmenbedingungen der psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Versorgung von Geflüchteten in Deutschland: Identifikation von Problembereichen und Lösungsansätzen
Authors: Töller Annette Elisabeth ,   al.
Published: September 2020

Aufgrund von Gewalt- und Verfolgungserfahrungen haben Geflüchtete eine erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit, psychische Krankheiten zu entwickeln. Umso wichtiger ist ihr Zugang zu psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischer Versorgung, der allerdings im deutschen Gesundheitswesen prekär ist. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der gesundheitlichen und speziell der psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Versorgung von Geflüchteten in Deutschland. Dabei werden drei Versorgungsregime, die von Aufenthaltsstatus und -dauer abhängen, identifiziert und sodann fünf Problembereiche erörtert, in denen Hürden für eine effektive psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Versorgung bestehen. Für deren Überwindung wurden unter anderem im Zuge der sogenannten ›Flüchtlingskrise‹ seit 2015 punktuelle Lösungsansätze, jedoch keine systematischen Lösungen gefunden. Aus institutionentheoretischer Perspektive schlussfolgert der Beitrag, dass in diesen Bereichen bislang nur von einer unvollständigen Institutionalisierung neuer Problemlösungen gesprochen werden kann.
Psychological Determinants of Seatbelt Use Among Front-Seat Passengers on Urban Roads in Iran: An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Soltani Nahid , Tahmasebi Rahim , Haghighatjoo Sahar , Noroozi Azita
Published: September 2020

Background: Given the significance of using seatbelts in preventing fatalities in accidents, more studies are required to detect the predictors of seatbelt use. Objectives: This study aimed to specify the constructs of the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict seatbelt use in front-seat passengers in urban trips. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 328 front passengers of urban roads, who were residing in Bushehr during March-May 2018, were selected using multistage, stratified cluster random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire addressing demographic variables, TPB constructs and intention, and seatbelt use questions was used to collect data. Chi-squared test, ANOVA, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 22. Results: In this study, 28.7% (n = 94) of the participants did not use seatbelts as front-seat passenger, 27.7% (n = 91), and 43.6% (n = 143) used seatbelt for the sake of law enforcement and personal safety, respectively. The predictors of using seatbelts for law enforcement were experiential attitude (P < 0.001, Exp (B) = 1.25), self-efficacy (P = 0.001, Exp (B) =1.21), and instrumental attitude (P = 0.006, Exp (B) =0.89). The predictors of using seatbelts for personal safety were intention (P = 0.001, Exp (B) = 1.26), experiential attitude (P < 0.001, Exp (B) =1.25), self-efficacy (P < 0.001, Exp (B) =1.24), and instrumental attitude (P < 0.001, Exp (B) =0.84). The only predictor of wearing seatbelts for personal safety versus wearing seatbelts for law enforcement was descriptive norm (P < 0.001, Exp (B) = 1.16). Conclusions: The seatbelt comfort is an important factor in wearing seatbelts. Moreover, since the intention was not the predictor of seatbelt wearing in seatbelt users for law enforcement; therefore, these users are less likely to continue such a behavior.
Building Moral Brains
Authors: Bishop Jeffrey P. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2020

Technology is evolving at a rate faster than human evolution, especially human moral evolution. There are those who claim that we must morally bioenhance the human due to existential threats (such as climate change and the looming possibility of cognitive enhancement) and due to the fact that the human animal has a weak moral will. To address these existential threats, we must design human morality into human beings technologically. By moral bioenhancement, these authors mean that we must intervene technologically in the biology of the human animal in order to get it to behave morally to address these existential threats. I will bring the idea of moral bioenhancement into conversation with two philosophers of technology. Bernard Stiegler has argued that technology and culture, and thus technology and human beings, have always evolved hand in hand. Peter-Paul Verbeek notes that we have always designed morality into technology, and thus he sees technology as mediating human morality. When we offload human intentionality onto technology, Verbeek argues, technological objects and systems participate in shaping the moral subjectivity of the human actor. I will show that modern technological bioenhancement obliterates human being. Whereas in the past, human culture was handed from generation to generation through the mediation of technology, in the modern era, the human becomes the raw material upon which a technological will (imperative) rides.
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia in Contemporary Surgical Pathology Practice: Impact of International Consensus Guidelines for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis on Pathologists
Authors: Eldersveld Jordan M. , Yi Eunhee S. , Kunze Katie L. , Smith Maxwell L. , Tazelaar Henry D. , Larsen Brandon T.
Published: September 2020

Context.—

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) radiologically and pathologically. Per consensus criteria adopted in 2011, diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis no longer requires a biopsy in an appropriate context if UIP is seen on imaging. As a result, lung biopsies are now typically reserved for patients having indeterminate clinical or imaging findings or suspicion for alternative diagnoses, but the impact of updated guidelines on pathology practice remains unclear.

Objective.—

To determine the frequency of histologic UIP before and after 2011.

Design.—

Surgical lung biopsies from adults were studied within two 4-year periods: July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2010 and January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2015. Pathology slides were reviewed in a fashion blinded to clinical information and were classified using current guidelines.

Results.—

Biopsies from 177 and 86 patients (mean [SD] age, 62 [12] and 59 [14] years; 50.3% [89 of 177] and 48.8% [42 of 86] men) before and after 2011, respectively, were reviewed. Probable UIP or UIP was less-frequently encountered after 2011 in all patients with fibrosis (9 of 54 [16.7%] versus 41 of 119 [34.5%] before 2011, P = .02) and also in patients 50 years old and older (8 of 46 [17.4%] versus 39 of 109 [35.8%] before 2011, P = .02), with a concomitant rise in cases indeterminate for UIP or showing alternative diagnoses.

Conclusions.—

Histology for UIP is less frequently encountered in our contemporary practice compared with the historic era. The pretest probability of a non-UIP diagnosis is now high, even in elderly patients, underscoring the need for pathologists to be familiar with the histologic features of alternative diagnoses.
Highlighted Prospects of an IgM/IgG Antibodies Test in Identifying Individuals With Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection
Authors: Li Yaqing , He Qiang , Yu Rizhen , Jiang Hui , Wang Weizhong , Feng Dujin , Hou Guanghua , Zhou Hongbin , Jiang Yaona , Xiang Zhun
Published: September 2020

Context.—

Covert severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections could be seeding new outbreaks. How to identify asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections early has become a global focus.

Objective.—

To explore the roles of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies detection, nucleic acid tests, and computed tomography (CT) scanning to identify asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Design.—

The clinical data of 389 individuals with close contacts, including in general characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 etiology, serum-specific IgM and IgG antibody detection and CT imaging results, were systematically analyzed.

Results.—

The present study showed that only 89 of 389 individuals with close contacts were positive after the first nucleic acid test, while 300 individuals were still negative after 2 nucleic acid tests. Among the 300 individuals, 75 did not have pneumonia, and the other 225 individuals had pulmonary imaging changes. A total of 143 individuals were eventually diagnosed as having asymptomatic infection through IgM antibody and IgG antibody detection. The sensitivity, specificity, and false-negative rate of IgM and IgG antibody detection were approximately 97.1% (347 of 357), 95.3% (204 of 214), and 4.67% (10 of 214), respectively. It also indicated that during approximately 2 weeks, most individuals were both IgM positive and IgG positive, accounting for 68.57% (72 of 105). During approximately 3 weeks, the proportion of IgM-positive and IgG-positive individuals decreased to 8.57% (9 of 105), and the proportion of IgM-negative and IgG-positive individuals increased to 76.19% (80 of 105).

Conclusions.—

There are highlighted prospects of IgM/IgG antibody detection as a preferred method in identifying the individuals with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially combined with nucleic acid tests and pulmonary CT scanning.
Marketing em Academias no Brasil: o abandono da Academia
Authors: Bastos Flávia da Cunha , Castro Cleiton , Amaral Cacilda Mendes dos Santos
Published: September 2020

As academias de ginástica são responsáveis pelo crescimento da Indústria do Esporte no Brasil. Não há conhecimento sistematizado sobre a produção acadêmica no que tange ao Marketing e às Academias no país. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura nacional em bases eletrônicas de busca. Para isso, foram identificados cinco estudos, em diferentes áreas do conhecimento, com predominância dos temas Produto/Consumidor. As técnicas metodológicas são diferenciadas e reconhecidas como métodos de pesquisa em Gestão do Esporte.  Considerando-se a pesquisa realizada, possibilidades de aplicação são evidenciadas e não há recomendações para pesquisas futuras nesses estudos. Sugerem-se novos levantamentos em outras fontes e replicação desse estudo no futuro.
Aspectos socioculturais no Design de superfícies têxteis
Authors: Maria Holanda Maciel Dulce , Novelli Daniela , Babinski Júnior Valdecir
Published: September 2020

Este artigo relata a experiência de uma prática pedagógica com foco no Design de superfícies têxteis. A prática compreendeu a criação de padronagens têxteis e teve como base a transposição de aspectos socioculturais de determinados países para a materialização de amostras têxteis. Realizada no primeiro semestre do ano letivo de 2019, a prática envolveu estudantes da disciplina de Padronagens têxteis, ministrada pela Professora Doutora Dulce Maria Holanda Maciel. Metodologicamente, este relato enquadra-se como pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, bibliográfica e de campo, uma vez que sua coleta de dados envolveu levantamento bibliográfico e recortes dos trabalhos produzidos pelos estudantes, seguida de análise narrativa e interpretativa. Infere-se que a hipótese traçada pela professora sobre os futuros designers poderem articular aspectos socioculturais como fonte de pesquisa e de inspiração para a criação de novas padronagens têxteis foi corroborada mediante a literatura investigada e a experiência relatada.
Difficult temperament and social maladjustment in childhood: The mediating role of family environment
Authors: Ato Lozano Ester , Galián Conesa María Dolores , Fernández-Vilar María Angeles
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel mediador del ambiente familiar en la relación entre temperamento difícil y problemas externalizantes/internalizantes en una muestra de 474 niños españoles de entre 6 y 8 años. Un segundo objetivo fue analizar el efecto del género en el patrón de mediación encontrado. Para la medida de los problemas externalizantes/internalizantes, el ajuste marital, las prácticas parentales y el temperamento del niño los padres cumplimentaron la Batería de Socialización (BAS-1), el Test de Ajuste Marital (MAT) y la versión española del Cuestionario de Temperamento en la niñez intermedia (TMCQ). El análisis de mediación probado confirmó el efecto de mediación del ajuste marital y las prácticas parentales de implicación y disciplina en la relación entre temperamento difícil y problemas externalizantes, y el efecto de mediación del ajuste marital y la implicación parental en la relación entre temperamento y difícil y problemas internalizantes. Por otro lado, los resultados apuntaron un patrón de mediación diferente cuando comparamos a niños y niñas. En concreto, encontramos que el efecto de mediación del ajuste marital y la implicación parental fue más fuerte en niños que en niñas.

The aim of this work was to analyze the mediating role of family environment in the relationship between difficult temperament and externalizing/internalizing problems in a sample of 474 Spanish children aged between 6 and 8 years. A secondary objective of this work was to analyze the effect of gender in the mediation pattern found. To measure externalizing/internalizing problems, marital adjustment, parenting practices and children’s temperament, the parents were given a Socialization Battery (BAS-1), the Marital Adjustment Test (MAT), the Spanish version of the PCRI (Parent-Child Relationship Inventory), and the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ). We tested a statistical mediation model that revealed the mediating role of marital adjustment, and the parenting practices of involvement and limit setting, in the relationship between difficult temperament and externalizing problems. We found that marital adjustment and parental involvement mediated the relationship between internalizing problems and difficult temperament. On the other hand, the results pointed to a different mediation pattern when we compared boys and girls. Specifically, we found that the mediating role of marital adjustment and parental involvement in the relationship between difficult temperament and externalizing problems was stronger in boys than in girls.
Les animaux et nous chez Marie Darrieussecq : une coexistence indispensable
Authors: Trout Colette
Published: September 2020

Cet article analyse la place des animaux dans les écrits de Marie Darrieussecq. S’appuyant sur les dernières recherches sur la question animale en littérature, il montre comment l’écrivaine donne une voix aux animaux, sans tomber dans un anthropomorphisme naïf. Ses romans, de plus, suscitent une interrogation métaphysique sur ce qui nous constitue comme humain. À travers l’utilisation de structures narratives qui brouillent la différence entre les humains et les animaux, Darrieussecq révèle la continuité qui nous unit. Ainsi elle déconstruit l’idée cartésienne d’une « exception humaine ». La littérature est pour Darrieussecq le moyen d’essayer de voir le monde à travers les yeux des animaux, car elle est le lieu de la rencontre avec l’Autre, là où on ne parle pas à la place des autres mais où on parle « pour eux. Vers eux » (Rapport de Police 255). La romancière exerce pleinement ce qu’elle considère être son travail d’écrivaine, écrire là où il n’y a pas encore de mots.
Le bébé : un personnage expérimental
Authors: Galichon Isabelle
Published: September 2020

Cet article vise à mettre en évidence, au coeur de l’écriture de soi du Bébé, l’approche expérimentale de l’écriture de Marie Darrieussecq. La maternité devient une expérience scientifique et l’écrivain se transforme en observateur attentif d’un phénomène à la fois naturel et saugrenu : la naissance d’un bébé. Cependant, se pose un certain nombre de problèmes, et plus particulièrement, comment appréhender d’un point de vue scientifique le couple mère-bébé. Il s’agira alors de s’intéresser aux caractères scientifiques de l’expérience – la temporalité, la méthode employée et la place de l’observateur – afin de tirer du dispositif d’écriture les composantes poétiques du récit de soi de Marie Darrieussecq.
Matière physique et matière mentale dans White de Marie Darrieussecq
Authors: Dangy Isabelle
Published: September 2020

White, de Marie Darrieussecq, roman situé sur le continent antarctique, constitue une exploration de la matière physique et de la matière biologique telles que les conditions climatiques extrêmes du pôle la déterminent. Les personnages sont des scientifiques ou des techniciens, en mission dans une base de recherche, aux prises avec une perception de l’espace et du temps modifiée que vient compliquer encore la présence d’une matière spectrale énigmatique répandue entre les objets et les êtres. Il s’agira d’observer ici de quelle manière le recours à des données issues de la science contribue à l’évocation concrète des corps ainsi qu’à celle des courants de conscience, au point de former le cadre d’une histoire d’amour susceptible de libérer les personnages des contraintes et des angoisses qui les ont entravés jusqu’alors, et d’affirmer l’effraction de la vie dans le monde du gel permanent.
His Master's Voice: avons-nous écouté Damas?
Authors: Gyssels Kathleen
Published: September 2020

Comme l’ont bien vu de nombreux critiques, la musicalité de la poésie damassienne serait l’expression du rythme « nègre » et de ceux de sa génération, il aurait été le plus jazzy. La poésie de Damas mérite mieux : il suffit de l’écouter mise en musiques par Pigments & The Clarinet Choir, pour comprendre combien elle transcende l’Afrique noire et la Caraïbe car à travers la valeur ajoutée d’une interprétation instrumentale en plus d’une récitation poétique rare, ce sont les drames de l’individu déraciné et démotivé par un corps social et un entourage inamical. Drame de la solitude et drame de l’incompréhension, espérance de réconciliation et rage contre l’impasse de la question raciale dans une France prétendument multiculturelle se relaient. Dans trois extraits de leur projet décapant, Pigments & The Clarinet Choir offrent une partition époustouflante du « Master’s Voice ».
Eléments biographiques concernant Léon-Gontran Damas
Authors: Achille Dominique
Published: September 2020

L.-G. Damas épouse la chanteuse martiniquaise Yanilou (Isabelle Achille) en 1948, au début de son mandat de député de la Guyane. Cette union, éprouvée par les exigences de la vie d’artiste et de l’activité politique, ne dure que deux ans, la mésentente entraînant le divorce dès 1951. Cette expérience au sein de la famille Achille, elle aussi membre du cercle d’amis Senghor-Césaire-Nardal-Présence Africaine, n’aura pas de suite après la séparation.
A Biographical Novel of the Spanish Civil War: Lydie Salvayre's Pas pleurer (2014)
Authors: Gaudet Jeannette
Published: September 2020

This article focuses on the biographical novel, Pas pleurer (2014) and the author Lydie Salvayre’s development of two diametrically opposed experiences of the Spanish civil war. Pas pleurer deploys the author’s parallel engagement with Montse, Salvayre’s mother, and with Georges Bernanos through a reading and commentary of the polemical essay, Les Grands Cimetières sous la lune. Biographical material provides the ground for intersecting narratives: on the one hand, the Bernanos intertext with its keen analysis of the complicity of secular and religious institutions to maintain control of Spain through terrorism and violence reverberates throughout and finds its echo in the tragic story of Montse’s older brother José. Set against this is the adolescent Montse’s encounter with the dramatic social revolution underway in the Catalan city and her life-altering experience of passionate love, the memory of which remains intact and luminous despite age and disease. Examining both n arratives highlights the act of resistance at the heart of the novel and captured by its title.
Les espaces hétéroglossiques comme stratégie littéraire de résistance dans Harraga de Boualem Sansal
Authors: Defert Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2020

Un certain nombre de monographies et d’ouvrages collectifs se sont penchés dans un passé récent sur les nombreuses fictions romanesques et cinématographiques qui ont été consacrées aux harragas (les brûleurs de frontières et de papiers) et à la harga (la brûlure). Le geste sacrificiel posé par ces candidats à l’émigration clandestine qui tentent dans l’exil de se réapproprier leur destin a provoqué, par sa radicalité, un mouvement de contestation des discours de représentation officiels et traditionnels à travers l’écriture. Harraga de Boualem Sansal (2005) porte cette double particularité de décentrer et d’élargir la portée de ce phénomène en mettant en scène un personnage principal féminin, Lamia, en observatrice d’un pays « en guerre contre lui-même » (Sansal, Harraga : 285). À la suite d’Alfonso de Toro, nous voulons proposer ici une lecture critique de ce roman qui vise à mettre en évidence la « dialogicité déconstructionniste » (Alfonso de Toro, 2009) de sa structure et ouvre la possibilité d’une ré-énonciation de soi par l’émancipation des discours logocentriques et l’actualisation d’une histoire qui se concrétise dans l’acte même de l’écriture de ce récit témoignage.
To Minimize the Bill That They Must Pay
Authors: Joyce Justin A.
Published: September 2020

Recounting the failures of the United States to adequately address the COVID-19
pandemic, reflecting on the parade of mendacity that has encapsulated the 45th
presidency, and interpreting Baldwin’s call to be responsible to our
children, Justin A. Joyce introduces the sixth volume of James Baldwin
Review.
Baldwin’s Transatlantic Reverberations
Authors: Pinto Jovita dos Santos , Michel Noémi , Purtschert Patricia , Bacchetta Paola , Naef Vanessa
Published: September 2020

James Baldwin’s writing, his persona, as well as his public speeches,
interviews, and discussions are undergoing a renewed reception in the arts, in
queer and critical race studies, and in queer of color movements. Directed by
Raoul Peck, the film I Am Not Your Negro decisively contributed
to the rekindled circulation of Baldwin across the Atlantic. Since 2017,
screenings and commentaries on the highly acclaimed film have prompted
discussions about the persistent yet variously racialized temporospatial
formations of Europe and the U.S. Stemming from a roundtable that followed a
screening in Zurich in February 2018, this collective essay wanders between the
audio-visual and textual matter of the film and Baldwin’s essay
“Stranger in the Village,” which was also adapted into a
film-essay directed by Pierre Koralnik, staging Baldwin in the Swiss village of
Leukerbad. Privileging Black feminist, postcolonial, and queer of color
perspectives, we identify three sites of Baldwin’s transatlantic
reverberations: situated knowledge, controlling images, and everyday sexual
racism. In conclusion, we reflect on the implications of racialized, sexualized
politics for today’s Black feminist, queer, and trans of color movements
located in continental Europe—especially in Switzerland and France.
Baldwin’s Kitchen
Authors: Na Emily
Published: September 2020

This article traces how the queer Black writer James Baldwin’s
transnational palate and experiences influenced the ways he wrote about Black
domestic spaces in the late twentieth century. In the 1960s and 1970s, while
Black feminist cooks and writers like Edna Lewis, Jessica B. Harris, and
Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor developed new theories of soul food in relation to the
Black American community and broader American cuisine, Baldwin incorporated
these philosophies and transnational tastes into his lifestyle and works. He
traveled and worked around Europe, settling in places like Paris, Istanbul, and
Saint-Paul de Vence for years at a time. In Saint-Paul de Vence, where he spent
his last years, he set up his own welcome table, at which he hosted
internationally renowned guests and shared his love of cuisine. Inevitably,
Baldwin’s passion for cooking and hosting meals became a large, though
scholarly neglected, component of his novels and essays. In his novels
Another Country, which he finished in Istanbul and
published in 1962, and Just Above My Head, which he finished in
Saint-Paul de Vence and published in 1979, Baldwin’s depictions of food
and Black kitchens take a queer turn. Instead of lingering on traditional Black
family structures, these texts specifically present new formulations of intimate
home life and reimagine relationships between food, kitchens, race, and sex in
the late twentieth century.
Meteorology as Citizen Science
Authors: Samuelsen Eirik , Aspaas Per Pippin
Published: September 2020

Eirik Samuelsen, senior meteorologist at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (Met) and UiT The Arctic University of Norway, discusses the importance of citizen science to current meteorology in Norway. Amateurs contribute to the improvement of weather forecasts in various ways, from anecdotic but valuable feedback on errors in the forecast to a large network of private weather stations providing precious data for the free-to-use weather service www.yr.no. Besides yr.no as such, which is maintained by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK), there is mention of Eiriks værblogg (Eirik's weather blog) on Facebook, the network of Netatmo Weather Stations, the open database of meteorological models and weather data thredds.met.no, and the project Smart Senja.

First published online September 23, 2020.
Adsorption, Kinetic, Equilibrium, Thermodynamic and Photocatalytic Investigations of the Removal of Nigrosin, Alizarin, Indigo and Acid Fuchsin Dyes on Modified CaO Surface
Authors: Hussein Mouayed A. , Radhi Ibtighaa K. , Kadhim Zaki N.
Published: September 2020

Calcium oxide was obtained from eggshell and modified with Sulfur, Nitrogen and, Oxygen. The adsorbents were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorbents were used for the removing of the dyes of Nigrosin, Alizarin red S, Indigo carmine, and Acid fuchsin from their aqueous solutions. The adsorption isotherm experiments were studied, and the equilibrium adsorption found either obeyed the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm depending on the Sips isotherm results. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption processes of the studied dyes were spontaneous, endothermic and randomness increases according to their ΔG, ΔH and ΔS values, respectively. The kinetic studies revealed that the pseudo second-order model best represented adsorption kinetics. Moreover, the photocatalytic ability of adsorbents was investigated under the sunlight, the results revealed the adsorbents have a strong photo-catalytic ability to absorb the dyes, particularly that observed for Acid fuchsin.
Exploring the Relationships among Exchange Rate, Foreign Investment and Economic Growth Using Time Series Econometric Approaches: The Case of China’s Guangdong Province
Authors: Wu Ming-Lu
Published: September 2020

As the Chinese government has been trying to promote the Belt and Road Initiatives and enhance the openness of its economic development, it is important to study and understand the depreciation/appreciation mechanism of Chinese yuan (CNY), especially how this affects or is affected by some key economic growth and openness measures like gross domestic product (GDP) and foreign direct investment (FDI). This paper is just to examine the short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships among the three important macroeconomic time series of CNY exchange rate, FDI and GDP. Twenty-year annual data from 1996 to 2015 for the top ten cities (in terms of GDP) in Guangdong, one of the economically influential provinces in China, are specifically collected for the study. The panel unit-root test, Johansen-Fisher cointegration test, Granger causality test, and vector autoregression (VAR) model are applied to analyze the data for exploring long-run relationships. Vector error correction (VEC) model and block exogeneity Wald test are also adopted to examine the short-run dynamics. Key research results include that, there is a long-run cointegration relationship among exchange rate, FDI and GDP, FDI and GDP are the long-run Granger causes of exchange rate such that FDI positively affects exchange rate whle GDP negatively influence exchange rate, and FDI is also the short-run Granger cause of exchange rate but the short-run relationship is negative. Discussions, and policy implications and future research directions are presented finally.
Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Nurses Working in a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India
Authors: Kishore D. Mohan , Manjunath N. K. , Metri Kashinath , Babu Natesh , Angadi Basavaraj
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Nursing professionals have to meet huge expectations on one side and cope with the demanding situations on the other side. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among nurses working at a tertiary care centre in South India.

Design: Cross-sectional survey design.

Methods: 387 female nursing professionals aged 20-50 years, working at a tertiary care centre for a minimum of two years, voluntarily participated in the study. Individuals with a history of psychiatric illness, major health problems, or those on sleep medication were excluded. Anxiety, depression, and stress levels were assessed by administering the DASS 21 questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and percentages were calculated using Microsoft Excel.

Findings: The results showed prevalence of: Anxiety (63.3%); depression (56.05%); and stress (36.17%) in those who participated in the survey. Anxiety was highest, followed by depression, and lastly, stress.

Conclusions: Work-related anxiety is the commonest mental health issue reported by professional nurses, followed by depression and stress. Yoga-based intervention would be efficacious if implemented within hospitals both to prevent and manage mental health problems associated with the nursing profession.
COVID-19: Parents’ Healthcare-Seeking Behaviour for their Sick Children in Nigeria - An Online Survey
Authors: Briggs Datonye Christopher , Kattey Kattey Amos
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The current COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the wellbeing of children, either directly or through the effects of the response. Measures are in place to curb the spread of the virus in Nigeria, but little is known of the effect these stringent measures have on the healthcare-seeking behaviour of parents for their sick children. 

Aim: This survey sought to describe parents’ healthcare-seeking behaviour for their sick children during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Nigerian parents with children less than 18 years of age, via an online Google doc questionnaire administered through WhatsApp instant messaging. Using snowball sampling technique, 260 respondents from affected Nigerian states were recruited over one month. Chi-square tested differences between variables in assessing if healthcare-seeking behaviour was affected; statistical significance level was set at p-value <0.05. 

Results: The median age was 38 years (IQR:9); 155 (59.7%) were females, 167 (64.2%) had tertiary education, while 83 (31.9%) had low income. Half (50%) of the respondents cited that the lockdown had affected their healthcare-seeking behaviour for their sick children; this did not significantly differ by geopolitical zone of residence (χ2=3.90, p-value=0.42), and other variables. Thirty-seven 37 (14.3%) agreed their children couldn’t get routine immunizations as scheduled. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown considerably affected parents’ healthcare-seeking behaviour for their sick children in Nigeria. Contextual strategies aimed at health system strengthening and improved accessibility are needed to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 on parental access and utilization of healthcare facilities.
Occurrence and Diversity of Soil Microflora in Potato Fields of Bangladesh
Authors: Nitu M. A. , Rahaman M. , Aminuzzaman F. M. , Sultana N.
Published: September 2020

Microflora from potato rhizosphere soil was isolated from different potato fields of Bangladesh. Seventeen soil samples were analyzed for the presence of microflora in selected potato field soils. Seven fungal species and one bacterium species were morphologically characterized using soil dilution and streak plate methods. The predominant fungi isolated including Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Bipolaris sp., Phytophthora sp., Fusarium sp. and one bacterium was identified as Ralstonia solanacearum. Individual colonies of fungi and bacteria were counted on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), V8 juice Agar and their presence in soil was compared in respect of different locations of potato fields. The occurrence of Phytophthora sp. was medium in Tongibari and lower in Singair Union, Sonargaon, Matlab Dakshin, Gobindaganj, Palashbari, Gopinathpur and Bagmara. The highest counts of R. solanacearum were found in Singair Union, Tongibari and Daudkandi and the lowest counts were made in Palashbari and Bagmara. This was the first reported examination of the microbial diversity of soil microflora in some selected potato fields of Bangladesh.
Methanol Extract of Chasmanthera dependens Stem Mitigates against Mechanisms Involved in Piroxicam-induced Liver Damage in Rat
Authors: Abiola Tijani Stephanie , David Olori Ogaraya , Olatunde Farombi Ebenezer
Published: September 2020

Chasmanthera dependens has been claimed by tradition healers as a therapeutic agent in many diseases including hepatotoxicity. This study sought to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective potential of tannin-rich extract of Chasmanthera dependens stem (TRECDS).

Thirty two male Wistar rats (100- 130 g) were divided into four groups of eight rats per group labelled as group 1,2,3  and 4. The rats were treated orally for ten days consecutively.  Group 1 served as control group and received normal saline, group 2 rats received 40 mg/kg piroxicam alone, groups 3-4 were treated with 40 mg/kg piroxicam and 200 and 400 mg/kg TREDS respectively concomitantly. All the experimental rats were fed with standard rat chows. Twenty four hours after, blood was collected to obtain serum; liver was excised to prepare homogenate and histology staining under pentobarbital sodium anaesthesia. Liver function test (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)) biomarkers were assessed. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) and apoptotic markers; caspase-3 (CASP-3) and caspase-9 (CAPS-9), cytochrome-c (CYT-c)) were also assessed.

The results showed that piroxicam administration caused hepatic damage as was evident in the histological assessment with increased serum activities of liver function markers, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers. TRECDS also showed significant attenuation of the oxidative stress by decreasing the LPO level and increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH level.

Oral administration of TRECDS also restores the morphological structure of the liver in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion: Oral administration of TRECDS exhibited protective potential against piroxicam-induced hepatotoxicity.
Full automation of spinal stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiation therapy treatment planning using Varian Eclipse scripting
Authors: Teruel Jose R. , Malin Martha , Liu Elisa K. , McCarthy Allison , Hu Kenneth , Cooper Bejamin T. , Sulman Erik P. , Silverman Joshua S. , Barbee David
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this feasibility study is to develop a fully automated procedure capable of generating treatment plans with multiple fractionation schemes to improve speed, robustness, and standardization of plan quality. A fully automated script was implemented for spinal stereotactic radiosurgery/stereotactic body radiation therapy (SRS/SBRT) plan generation using Eclipse v15.6 API. The script interface allows multiple dose/fractionation plan requests, planning target volume (PTV) expansions, as well as information regarding distance/overlap between spinal cord and targets to drive decision‐making. For each requested plan, the script creates the course, plans, field arrangements, and automatically optimizes and calculates dose. The script was retrospectively applied to ten computed tomography (CT) scans of previous cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine SBRT patients. Three plans were generated for each patient — simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) 1800/1600 cGy to gross tumor volume (GTV)/PTV in one fraction; SIB 2700/2100 cGy to GTV/PTV in three fractions; and 3000 cGy to PTV in five fractions. Plan complexity and deliverability patient‐specific quality assurance (QA) was performed using ArcCHECK with an Exradin A16 chamber inserted. Dose objectives were met for all organs at risk (OARs) for each treatment plan. Median target coverage was GTV V100% = 87.3%, clinical target volume (CTV) V100% = 95.7% and PTV V100% = 88.0% for single fraction plans; GTV V100% = 95.6, CTV V100% = 99.6% and PTV V100% = 97.2% for three fraction plans; and GTV V100% = 99.6%, CTV V100% = 99.1% and PTV V100% = 97.2% for five fraction plans. All plans (n = 30) passed patient‐specific QA (>90%) at 2%/2 mm global gamma. A16 chamber dose measured at isocenter agreed with planned dose within 3% for all cases. Automatic planning for spine SRS/SBRT through scripting increases efficiency, standardizes plan quality and approach, and provides a tool for target coverage comparison of different fractionation schemes without the need for additional resources.