bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borderline personality disorder symptoms and stressful life events: An evaluation of gene-environment interplay
Authors: Arneberg Vilde Sofie , Sundsvold Vilde , Bjørndal Ludvig Daae , Ystrom Eivind
Published: March 2023

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with high levels of stressful life experiences (SLEs). However, it is unclear if persons experiencing SLEs have more BPD symptoms after accounting for familial risk factors. The present study had two primary aims. First, create an optimal predictive model of BPD using a measure of stressors across age and contexts. Second, examine if SLEs result in higher levels of BPD symptoms over and beyond shared genetic and environmental risk. The sample comprised 2801 twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel. Negative binomial Poisson regression was used to explore which SLEs predicted BPD symptoms. Elastic net penalized regression was conducted to develop an optimal predictive model for SLEs and BPD symptoms. Co-twin control analyses were performed to differentiate between environmental and genetic factors. Multiple SLEs, in childhood and adulthood, were associated with BPD symptoms. A weighted poly-event risk score explained 22% of the total variation in BPD symptoms. Shared environmental and heritable factors explained 31% and 47% of individual differences in BPD symptomatology, respectively. Measured SLEs explained 42% of shared environmental risk for BPD. The predictive risk for BPD by SLEs was reduced when accounting for shared environmental and genetic factors. Higher BPD symptomatology following SLE exposure cannot fully be explained by genetic and social background factors. Attenuation of the SLE-BPD symptoms associations was primarily due to selection by family environments. Thus, it is of importance to identify social background factors leading to both SLEs and BPD symptoms.
The mind’s “aye”? Investigating overlap in findings produced by reverse correlation versus self-report.
Authors: Axt Jordan , Siemers Nellie , Discepola Marie-Nicole , Martinez Paola , Xiao Zhenai , Wehrli Emery
Published: March 2023

Reverse correlation is an influential method for assessing mental representations. One benefit of reverse correlation is that the method may capture psychological content that individuals are unwilling to self-report due to social desirability concerns, particularly in domains like person perception or intergroup processes. To investigate the degree to which reverse correlation and self-report findings are aligned, 32 prior reverse correlation studies (totaling 148 analyses) were converted into comparable measures of self-report (total N = 3441). Despite only 13% of original studies containing a parallel self-report measure, 55% of research conclusions could be replicated using self-report, though effect sizes from the two methods were unrelated (r = -.06). The two methods were more likely to reach the same conclusion for findings that were rated as more intuitive. Future uses of reverse correlation will benefit from greater consideration to when the method is most necessary and informative.
Gene-environment interplay in the development of overweight
Authors: de Roo Marthe , Hartman Catharina , Veenstra René , Nolte Ilja Maria , Meier Karien , Vrijen Charlotte , Kretschmer Tina
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Overweight in youth is influenced by genes and environment. Gene-environment interaction (G×E) has been demonstrated in twin studies and recent developments in genetics allow for studying G×E using individual genetic predispositions for overweight. We examine genetic influence on trajectories of overweight during adolescence and early adulthood and determine whether genetic predisposition is attenuated by higher socioeconomic status and having physically active parents.Methods: Latent class growth models of overweight were fitted using data from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS, n = 1676). A polygenic score for BMI was derived using summary statistics from a genome-wide association study of adult BMI (N = ~700,000) and tested as predictor of developmental pathways of overweight. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine effects of interactions of genetic predisposition with socioeconomic status and parental physical activity.Results: A three-class model of developmental pathways of overweight fitted the data best (“non-overweight”, “adolescent-onset overweight”, and “persistent overweight”). The polygenic score for BMI and socioeconomic status distinguished the persistent overweight and adolescent-onset overweight trajectories from the non-overweight trajectory. Only genetic predisposition differentiated the adolescent-onset from the persistent overweight trajectory. There was no evidence for G×E.Conclusions: Higher genetic predisposition increased the risk of developing overweight during adolescence and young adulthood and was associated with an earlier age at onset. We did not find that genetic predisposition was offset by higher socioeconomic status or having physically active parents. Instead, lower socioeconomic status and higher genetic predisposition acted as additive risk factors for developing overweight.
Did You Skip Leg Day? The Neural Mechanisms of Muscle Perception for Body Parts
Authors: Brooks Kevin R. , Stephen Ian D , Ip Keefe , Kusyk Nicole
Published: March 2023

While the neural mechanisms underpinning the perception of muscularity are poorly understood, recent progress has been made using the psychophysical technique of visual adaptation. Prolonged visual exposure to high (low) muscularity bodies causes subsequently viewed bodies to appear less (more) muscular, revealing a recalibration of the neural populations encoding muscularity. Here, we use visual adaptation to further elucidate the tuning properties of the neural processes underpinning muscle perception for the upper and lower halves of the body. Participants manipulated the apparent muscularity of upper and lower bodies until they appeared ‘normal’, prior to and following exposure to a series of top/bottom halves of bodies that were either high or low in muscularity. In Experiment 1, participants were adapted to isolated own-gender body halves from one of four conditions; increased (muscularity) upper (body half), increased lower, decreased upper, or decreased lower. Despite the presence of muscle aftereffects when the body halves the participants viewed and manipulated were congruent, there was only weak evidence of muscle aftereffect transfer between the upper and lower halves of the body. Aftereffects were significantly weaker when body halves were incongruent, implying minimal overlap in the neural mechanisms encoding muscularity for body half. Experiment 2 examined the generalisability of Experiment 1’s findings in a more ecologically valid context using whole-body stimuli, producing a similar pattern of results as Experiment 1, but with no evidence of cross-adaptation. Taken together, the findings are most consistent with muscle-encoding neural populations that are body-half selective. As visual adaptation has been implicated in cases of body size and shape misperception, the present study furthers our current understanding of how these perceptual inaccuracies, particularly those involving muscularity, are developed, maintained, and may potentially be treated.
Variability in Complex Constructs: Inferring Risk Preference and Temporal Discounting
Authors: Banavar Nidhi V , Bornstein Aaron
Published: March 2023

We examine the prevalence and extent of variability across measurements of supposedly stable behavioral economic traits. We begin by reviewing how these traits are conceptualized in behavioral economics, and how different instruments for eliciting them lead to variability in their measurements. We then consider factors such as experiment structure, affect, and context, known to influence or correlate in some way with the inferred values of these constructs: from domain or “subject-level” influences to local influences. We introduce the idea that an important – and cognitively meaningful – source of potential variation in experimentally-inferred measures may come from temporal sequence or the influence of trial order. Finally, we discuss how some of these sources of variation may not be ultimately all be brought under experimental or analytical control, and propose that they should instead be exposed and considered for their predictive value in different settings.
Vegetation Assemblage and Carbon Stock in the Sacred Groves of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Hari , Dhital Narayan Babu , Manandhar Roshani , Sapkota Ramesh Prasad
Published: March 2023

Sacred groves (SG) play crucial roles in maintaining vegetation diversity and storing carbon. In Nepal, there is relatively little information about the carbon sequestration potential of SGs compared to other forest types. To address this research gap, this study analyzed the vegetation assemblage and carbon stock in three SGs, namely Bajrabarahi, Mhepi, and Swayambhu forests, located in the Kathmandu Valley. Systematically distributed square plots (15 m × 15 m) were used as sampling units. Above-ground tree biomass and below-ground tree biomass were estimated by using the allometric equation of trees, considering the diameter, height, and specific gravity of wood. A total of 479 individuals of woody species belonging to 37 species were recorded from the three SGs. Species diversity and species richness were relatively higher in Swayambhu SG. Based on the importance value index, Celtis australis, Schimawallichii, and Neolitseacuipala were dominant in Mhepi, Swayambhu, and Bajrabarahi SGs, respectively. Total biomass and carbon stock were highest in the Bajrabarahi Forest and lowest in the Swayambhu Forest. The average biomass and carbon stock in the three urban SGs were approximately 405 ton/ha and 191 ton/ha, respectively. The findings of the present study suggested that maintaining vegetation assemblage, biomass, and carbon stock in SGs might have important contributions to sequestering carbon, conserving biodiversity, and enhancing the aesthetic values of the religious areas.
Extract of Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude as a Potent Rodenticide
Authors: Shakya Sabin , Upadhayay Sushma , Devkota Bhupendra
Published: March 2023

Phytochemicals are naturally synthesized in all parts of the plant body. Lyonia ovaliafolia (Wallich) has been used in a traditional medicine for the treatment of skin diseases such as scabies and itching by different local communities of Nepal. The study was done to analyze the active phytochemicals present in alcoholic extract of its leaves. The sample was random collection along the road, from Namobuddha. A range of chemical tests were adopted for analyzing the types of phytochemical compounds and toxicity test based on OECD guideline.

The results showed that the active phytochemicals present were saponin, flavonoids, tannin, steroids and cardiac glycosides in adequate amount. The toxicity present in the leaves finds scope to be experimented as botanical pesticides in agriculture farm as an alternative of chemical rodenticides.
Od welfaryzmu do sentiokracji. [Recenzja książki Alasdaira Cochrane’a Should Animals Have Political Rights? Cambridge: Polity Press, 2020]
Authors: Gzyra Dariusz
Published: March 2023

Książka brytyjskiego filozofa polityki i etyka Alasdaira Cochrane’a zatytułowana Should Animals Have Political Rights? została wydana w roku 2019 w serii Political Theory Today przez wydawnictwo Polity Press. Jest to pozycja wpisująca się we współczesny nurt teoretyzowania na temat normatywnych aspektów relacji człowieka z innymi zwierzętami, który bywa określany mianem tak zwanego zwrotu politycznego. W recenzji omówiono strukturę książki i prześledzono Cochrane’owską myśl, która ewaluuje – w kontekście postulatu ochrony zwierząt i międzygatunkowej sprawiedliwości – istniejące instytucje, struktury i procesy polityczne, proponując interesujące ich modyfikacje i uzupełnienia.
„Praca we krwi”. O języku podmiotu kobiecego i podmiotu zwierzęcego w Mateczniku Małgorzaty Lebdy
Authors: Herman Anouk
Published: March 2023

Celem niniejszej pracy jest przybliżenie ekofeministycznej teorii zwierzęcego podmiotu i jego nieobecnego przedmiotu odniesienia w tomiku Matecznik Małgorzaty Lebdy. Ekofeminizm dostarcza narzędzi do rozbudowanej analizy konceptualnych związków pomiędzy kobietami (a także osobami niebinarnymi) i zwierzętami, może być również stanowić teoretyczne zaplecze ekokrytycznego badania literatury. Ekofeministyczne myślicielki, Carol J. Adams i Marti Kheel, rozwinęły teorie dotyczące relacji ludzkich i nieludzkich fenomenów, zbadały także zagadnienia seksualności i cielesności w kontekście zabijania i polowania na zwierzęta. Wszystkie te problemy są ważnymi motywami w twórczości Małgorzaty Lebdy.
İşletmelerin Sermaye ve Ar-Ge Harcamalarının Kârlılık Oranları Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: ATASEL Oğuz Yusuf
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, BİST Tüm Endeksi’nde yer alan finans dışı işletmelerin sermaye ve araştırma-geliştirme (Ar-Ge) harcamalarının satış, aktif ve özkaynak kârlılığına etkisini tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilgili işletmelerin 2005-2019 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanılarak regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda kısa vadede sermaye harcaması ile satış kârlılığı arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmesine rağmen aktif ve özkaynak kârlılığı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Uzun vadede sermaye harcaması ile satış kârlılığı arasında negatif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ancak uzun vadede sermaye harcaması ile aktif ve özkaynak kârlılığı arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Diğer bir taraftan kısa vadede Ar-Ge harcaması ile satış kârlılığı arasında pozitif; aktif ve özkaynak kârlılığı arasında ise negatif bir ilişki ortaya konmuştur. Son olarak uzun vadede Ar-Ge harcaması ile özkaynak kârlılığı arasında pozitif ilişki bulunmasına karşın satış ve aktif kârlığı arasında istatiksel olarak ilişki tespit edilememiştir.
Additional polgD257A mutation (mutator) does not influence dopaminergic neurodegeneration in aged parkin-deficient mice
Authors:   Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany., Mrohs David , Rybarski Max ,   Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany, Andriske Michael ,   Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany., Bohne Pauline , Mark Melanie D. , Lübbert Hermann , Zhu Xin-Ran
Published: March 2023

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Among the first identified causes of autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease were mutations in the parkin gene. Independently, we and other groups have developed various parkin knockout mice, and none displayed dopaminergic degeneration in the substantia nigra. Interestingly, dopaminergic degeneration in the substantia nigra has been reported in a parkin knockout line (exon 3 deletion) carrying an additional mutation (D257A) in the mitochondrial DNA polymerase (polg) gene (mutator). The mutator mice show accelerated mutation rates in mitochondrial DNA resulting in a premature-aging phenotype. Methods: To verify this finding, we crossed our parkin-deficient mice with the mutator mice, and characterized phenotypic changes of the parkin/mutator double mutant mice up to one year of age. We examined their locomotion and motor coordination behaviors by using the open field, the rotarod, and the pole test, subsequently investigating their nigrostriatal axis by counting TH-positive cells in every tenth section throughout the entire substantia nigra pas compacta and their termini in the striatum. Results: The double mutants did not display additional deficiencies in locomotion in our behavior tests. We could also not detect dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta of aged double mutants measured by levels of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta as well as in striatal terminals. Conclusion: Our results do not support the hypothesis that the polgD257A mutation contributes to the age-related vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in parkin-deficient mice. Keywords: Parkin, neurodegeneration, polgD257A, mutator, substantia nigra
Substantiation of the choice of optimal machine complexes in terms of technical, technological, economic and environmental efficiency
Authors: Борисенко В.
Published: March 2023

The article presents the results of research to substantiate the choice of optimal machine complexes in terms of technical, technological, economic and environmental efficiency. The optimization of machine complexes in crop production is carried out for each technological operation according to the performance of machines in accordance with the technical characteristics of the machines, taking into account the natural and technological conditions of work. The article discusses the rationale for choosing a sowing unit based on simulation modeling of the unit's operation during a work shift. As a result of the modeling, the values of technical and operational indicators of seeders are obtained: productivity and fuel consumption, on the basis of which indicators of economic and environmental efficiency are determined.
An analytical model of a dynamic boundary layer on a surface in a laminar flow regime
Authors: Дмитрів В. , Микийчук М. , Дмитрів Т.
Published: March 2023

To solve the problems of designing systems operating in Newtonian media in the mode of surface flow, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the motion of media on the flow surfaces. This will make it possible to calculate the energy losses for the transportation of media and the force characteristics of the movement of objects in such media.

This paper presents an analytical model of tangential stresses generated on the flow surfaces in a dynamic laminar boundary layer. The flow medium is assumed to be Newtonian. For the universality of the results, the velocity modeling in terms of the thickness of the laminar boundary layer and tangential stresses on the flow surface is carried out in relative parameters. The ratio of the boundary layer thickness y/δ is taken in the range of ≈0...1, the ratio of velocities at the boundary and in the boundary layer is vx /vo = 0...1, and the Mach number is 0.0001...0.1 for a laminar boundary layer.

The velocity distribution over the boundary layer thickness and tangential stresses were obtained. The nature of the change in tangential stresses along the boundary layer thickness from ≈0 to 20-10-21 is linear and depends on the Mach number. The tangential stresses directly on the flow surface vary from 704.4 EPa to 704.4 PPa at Mach numbers from 0.1 to 0.0001.

The developed analytical dependences of the velocity and tangential stresses allow us to model the dynamic characteristics of the laminar boundary layer on the flow surface for Newtonian media.
On some aspects of implementation of boundary elements method in plate theory
Authors: Kutsenko A. , Kutsenko O. , Yaremenko V.
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the problem arising in the construction of a numerical scheme of the first-order boundary element method for plate theory. During construction of such a scheme, the initially smooth boundary of the plate is replaced by a polygonal chain. Due to this replacement the deviation of the numerical results from the actual distribution of deflections and other characteristics is arisen. The reason for this deviation lies in the so-called Sapondzyan's paradox. According to it, the deflection of a plate bounded by a regular polygon does not converge to the deflection of a circular plate with increasing of the polygon sides number. In the paper, on the basis of an analytical consideration of Sapondzyan's problem, the components of the numerical scheme of the boundary element method, which are responsible for the mentioned deviation, are pointed out. The modification of the boundary element method scheme that allows to eliminate given problem is presented. This approach is tested on the example of solving two pairs of problems for elliptical and rectangular plates. The results of numerical solution of those problems confirmed the adequacy of the proposed modification.
Giải pháp phát triển công trình cân bằng năng lượng ở một số quốc gia trên thế giới và khuyến nghị cho Việt Nam
Authors: Thịnh Nguyễn Công , Lượng Nguyễn Đức
Published: March 2023

Phát triển công trình cân bằng năng lượng là một trong những giải pháp tiềm năng có thể góp phần tăng cường việc sử dụng tiết kiệm và hiệu quả năng lượng, giảm thiểu phát thải khí nhà kính từ các công trình xây dựng ở Việt Nam. Mục tiêu chính của bài báo này là nghiên cứu tổng quan kinh nghiệm thực tiễn liên quan đến các chính sách, giải pháp phát triển công trình cân bằng năng lượng ở các quốc gia trên thế giới và từ đó đưa ra một số đề xuất cho Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy để đạt được công trình cân bằng năng lượng, cần kết hợp thực hiện đồng thời 03 nhóm giải pháp kỹ thuật bao gồm: (i). Thiết kế thụ động; (ii). Thiết kế chủ động; (iii). Lựa chọn các loại vật liệu xây dựng, thiết bị, hệ thống. Trên cơ sở này, một số đề xuất nhằm phát triển công trình cân bằng năng lượng ở Việt Nam đã được đưa ra, trong đó tập trung vào đẩy mạnh thực hiện việc áp dụng QCVN 09:2017/BXD - Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về các công trình xây dựng sử dụng năng lượng hiệu quả. Đồng thời, cần đẩy mạnh phát triển và ứng dụng điện mặt trời áp mái như là một giải pháp sử dụng năng lượng tái tạo tại chỗ nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu năng lượng cho các công trình xây dựng.
Implementasi Kebijakan Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian ke Non-Pertanian di Sleman berdasarkan Perspektif Institusionalis
Authors: Rizqi Wahidatul
Published: March 2023

The increasing population in urban areas results in higher land demand but reduced land capacity. Sleman is an area that experienced a decrease in land quality due to the conversion of agricultural land to settlements. The high rate of land use change which is increasingly spreading has resulted in the government having to intervene in dealing with the problem with the policy of land conversion. However, the reality of the policy is that it has not been able to resolve public problems which are considered to be just formalities. This paper tries to discuss what context and content are capable of influencing land use change policies in sleman with institutionalist perspectives in accordance with Regional Regulation No. 12/2012 on Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW). The results of this paper that the implementation of policies for the conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture in Sleman in the Institutionalist perspective there are two things that affect the content and policy context. The content is the party whose interests are affected, the types of benefits that can be obtained, the range of changes that can be expected, the position of decision makers, program implementers, and the resources that can be provided. While the context is the power, interests and strategies of the actors involved
Empire, Nature and Agrarian World: A History of Rhino Preservation in the Kaziranga Game Reserve, India (1902–1938)
Authors: SARMAH BISWAJIT
Published: March 2023

The greater one-horned rhinoceros or Indian rhinoceros (
Rhinoceros unicornis
) faced extinction in British India at the end of the nineteenth century. In 1908, the Government of Assam established the Kaziranga Game Reserve (KGR, now Kaziranga National Park) to preserve the vanishing rhino. As the twentieth century progressed, creating wilderness – by demonising the presence of the peasants and graziers – became a global panacea for protecting wildlife. Contrary to that belief, this article will show how the rhino population revived amidst human existence dictated by agro-ecological interactions and bureaucratic expediencies. The rhino’s ethology and its place in the imagination of rural people minimised its enemies. Moreover, in fluvial geography that constantly transformed the KGR’s boundaries, peasants and graziers creatively negotiated their usufruct rights and supported rhino preservation. Locating the KGR in the historical analysis of fluvial agro-ecology, this study illuminates how a critical interaction between different actors, i.e. human and non-human and coloniser and colonised, accentuated the cultural and material contestations amidst which the rhino eventually survived.
Effective connectivity analysis of brain networks of mathematically gifted adolescents using transfer entropy
Authors: Zhu Yakun , Gong Weiqiang , Lu Xuesong , Wang Haixian
Published: March 2023

Using functional neuroimaging, electrophysiological techniques and neural data processing techniques, neuroscientists have found that mathematically gifted adolescents exhibit unusual neurocognitive features in the activation of task-related brain regions. Hemispheric information interaction, functional reorganization of networks, and utilization of task-related brain regions are beneficial to rapid and efficient task processing. Based on Granger causality channel selection, the transfer entropy (TE) value between effective channels was computed, and the information flow patterns in the directed functional brain networks derived from electroencephalography (EEG) data during deductive reasoning tasks were explored. We evaluated the workspace configuration patterns of the brain network and the global integration characteristics of separated brain regions using node strength, motif, directed clustering coefficient and characteristic path length in the brain networks of mathematically gifted adolescents with effective connectivity. The empirical results demonstrated that a more integrated functional network at the global level and a more efficient clique at the local level support a pattern of workspace configuration in the mathematically gifted brain that is more conducive to task-related information processing.
Prediction of biomedical signals using deep learning techniques
Authors: Kalaivani K. , Kshirsagarr Pravin R. , Sirisha Devi J. , Bandela Surekha Reddy , Colak Ilhami , Nageswara Rao J. , Rajaram A.
Published: March 2023

The electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and electromyogram (EMG) are all very useful diagnostic techniques. The widespread availability of mobile devices plus the declining cost of ECG, EEG, and EMG sensors provide a unique opportunity for making this kind of study widely available. The fundamental need for enhancing a country’s healthcare industry is the ability to foresee the plethora of ailments with which people are now being diagnosed. It’s no exaggeration to say that heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in the world today. Diagnosing heart disease is a difficult process that calls for much training and expertise. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is an electrical signal produced by the human heart and used to detect the human heartbeat. Emotions are not simple phenomena, yet they do have a major impact on the standard of living. All of these mental processes including drive, perception, cognition, creativity, focus, attention, learning, and decision making are greatly influenced by emotional states. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals react instantly and are more responsive to changes in emotional states than peripheral neurophysiological signals. As a result, EEG readings may disclose crucial aspects of a person’s emotional states. The signals generated by electromyography (EMG) are gaining prominence in both clinical and biological settings. Differentiating between neuromuscular illnesses requires a reliable method of detection, processing, and classification of EMG data. This study investigates potential deep learning applications by constructing a framework to improve the prediction of cardiac-related diseases using electrocardiogram (ECG) data, furnishing an algorithmic model for sentiment classification utilizing EEG data, and forecasting neuromuscular disease classification utilizing EMG signals.
Stability of the Gross Motor Function Classification System in children with cerebral palsy in the two to four year age band
Authors: Wizinsky Amanda M. , Donawerth Molly , Badgley Megan , Hemphill-Morytko Brooke , Laughlin Emily , Rogan Marie
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the stability of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the two to four year age band, the frequency at which children were reclassified, and trends of reclassification to higher or lower ability. METHODS: This retrospective study included 164 children with CP between 24 to 48 months old with two or more GMFCS ratings at least 12 months apart between their second and fourth birthdays. GMFCS ratings were captured closest to 24, 36, and 48 months. Stability and reclassification trends were analyzed using inferential statistics. Frequency of reclassification, age at ratings, duration between ratings, and corresponding change rate were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: When comparing ratings closest to second and fourth birthdays, a linear weighted kappa of 0.726 was found. Of the total population, 46.95% changed GMFCS levels at any time between two to four years of age, the majority of which were reclassified to a higher level of ability. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest the GMFCS is less stable in the two to four year age band compared to older age bands. Due to the importance of providing accurate guidance for caregivers and high rate of reclassification, it is recommended GMFCS levels be reassessed every six months during this period of time.
EtherCAT slave controller for AC servo motor
Authors:   Department of Control Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM, Viet Nam, Nguyen Giap Hoang , Vu Duc Ngoc ,   Department of Control Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM, Viet Nam, Le Dat Thanh Ba ,   Department of Control Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM, Viet Nam
Published: March 2023

The EtherCAT network was developed by Beckhoff Automation and it is considered the fastest technology among industrial Ethernet networks. Thanks to high data transmission rates, flexible connectivity and nanosecond synchronization, EtherCAT networks are becoming more and more popular in industrial applications. AC Servo motors are becoming more and more popular in industrial applications due to their high efficiency, fast dynamic response, low noise and high precision. Servo motor control technology is constantly being developed, one of the trends is integrating real-time network into the motor controller to improve efficiency and reduce hardware costs. This paper presents the design of an AC Servo motor controller with integrated EtherCAT network. The system architecture of the EtherCAT Slave as well as the communication method between the application microcontroller and the EtherCAT Slave device are presented. Peripheral components, processing tasks of EtherCAT network-integrated motor controllers for industrial applications are analyzed in detail. Then, we propose the optimal EtherCAT controller hardware architecture both in terms of motor control and EtherCAT. The controller architecture is a combination of EtherCAT chip, high performance microcontroller and FPGA, optimized for motor control application. In addition, a prototype controller has been designed based on the proposed structure with compact size, integrated Sigma Delta ADC, USB interface, Digital I/O and support for a variety of position feedback sensors. Some important points of the CIA-402 Driver profile standard such as operating structure, state machine management, Cyclic synchronous position control mode are analyzed and applied to closed-loop control of AC servo motor. The controller is connected to the EtherCAT master and operates in a real-time environment. Test results and measurements have been checked to demonstrate the controller's operability in the EtherCAT network as well as AC Servo motor controller responsiveness.
Shaping the tooth profile of elliptical gear with the involute ellipse curve
Authors:   School of Mechanical, Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), Vietnam, Nguyen Thai Hong
Published: March 2023

Non-circular gears (NCGs) with the advantage of compactness and simple mechanical structure in creating transmitters with variable gear ratios in the industry, so this is a topic that is being studied by many scientists. However, up to now the research usually focuses on NCGs with tooth profile that is an involute circle called involute tooth profile, while other curves have not been applied in the design of the non-circular gears. In this paper, the author proposes to apply the involute ellipse curve in shaping the tooth profile of the pair of elliptical gears with a rack cutter. A rack cutter with tooth profiles is trapezoidal weight is determined from the involute ellipse curve selected as the NCGs teeth. In order not to undercut and tip sharpening when shaping the gear, two algorithms for correcting the base ellipse according to the even distribution of teeth on the gear and undercutting avoidance condition are performed. A numerical computational software module is written according to the theory and the algorithm is implemented to explore the different cases in the design process. The results of this study show that the teeth are evenly distributed over the entire circumference of the ring elliptical gear, overcoming the phenomenon of uneven teeth in geometry and size when using the involute of a circle as other studies have shown. Also, with the tooth profile that is involute ellipse curve, the pressure angle is increased to improve efficiency the transmission capacity of a pair of gears. Therefore, this is the advantage of the new profile in creating variable automatic transmission for different script applications in industries such as the automotive industry or modern medical equipment.
Evaluation and optimization of BOG Re–condenser in the LNG reservoir process
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – VNU-HCM, Vietnam, Tạ Khoa Đăng , Nguyễn Như Ngọc Thị ,   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – VNU-HCM, Vietnam, Nguyễn Xuân Ân Sĩ ,   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – VNU-HCM, Vietnam, Phạm Phước Lợi Hoàng Huy ,   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – VNU-HCM, Vietnam, Trần Tấn Đạt ,   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – VNU-HCM, Vietnam
Published: March 2023

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a product of condensation of natural gas in very low temperature and stored at ambient pressure in the cryogenic tanks. For using, the LNG is re-gasified and supplied to power and chemical plants as fuel and material. Recently, the demand of using LNG has increased significantly because it is abundant, low price and CO2 emission. Therefore, the LNG plays an important role in the global energy system as an input to power generation, heating and material in industry. Many projects of LNG receiving terminal are being constructed in Vietnam and operated in the next few years. However, during storage in the cryogenic tank, a considerable amount of LNG evaporates by solar absorption and generates boil–off gas (BOG) which causes of loss increasing and unsafety. As a result, the BOG generation problem is highlighted for operation optimization in the future. In this study, a retrofit BOG re–condensation process was proposed based on the existing plant at LNG Dapeng receiving terminal, China. The previous study evaluated the process only on energy analysis, hence the irreversibility was not realized. As a result, the total lost, 1130.9 (kW), in term of exergy loss is really high. Therefore, the exergy analysis method was considered to optimize the operating parameters of the process. The results indicated that the exergy loss was decreased by 2.6 times compares to the previous process, it reduces to only 434.9 (kW). In addition, BOG was completely condensed and optimum operating pressure of the condenser is determined in the range of 8–9 bars. Thus, the results give the engineers more options to select the optimum conditions for reduction of energy consumption and environment savings.
Unpacking Corporate Due Diligence in Transnational Climate Litigation: A Planetary Perspective
Authors: Colombo Esmeralda
Published: March 2023

Straddling national and transnational law, corporate due diligence presents a legal quandary. How should business entities address climate change matters? Due diligence generally implies the duty to assess and disclose potential risks and uncertainties in addition to the duty to prevent and manage risks and uncertainties based upon global standards of expected conduct. In this context, has a duty of climate due diligence emerged to protect both society and shareholders? Further, what legal sources are currently shaping climate due diligence? This article explores the implications of due diligence derived from transnational climate change litigation against business entities. The research field is still nascent — with only one decision clearly addressing the benchmark against which business entities shall conduct climate due diligence. In this landmark case, Milieudefensie v Shell (2021), the District Court of The Hague mandated climate due diligence obligations upon Royal Dutch Shell, as aligned with Dutch tort law, international law, the European Convention on Human Rights case law, and transnational soft law instruments, notably the United Nations’ Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) and the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Focusing on the underexplored topic of due diligence in transnational law, this article sheds light on the ground-breaking, albeit methodologically problematic, treatment of legal sources in the due diligence benchmark elucidated in Milieudefensie v Shell. Moreover, the paper explores how the planetary boundaries theory can provide courts with a toolbox to operationalise IPCC reports and the UNGPs and anchor them in the doctrine of legal sources for corporate accountability over climate issues. Because no general principle of due diligence exists, transnational climate litigation proves key to articulating science-based business duties in mandatory due diligence over climate matters. Focusing on the underexplored topic of due diligence in transnational law, this article sheds light on the ground-breaking, albeit methodologically problematic, treatment of legal sources in the due diligence benchmark elucidated in Milieudefensie v Shell. Moreover, the paper explores how the planetary boundaries theory can provide courts with a toolbox to operationalise IPCC reports and the UNGPs and anchor them in the doctrine of legal sources for corporate accountability over climate issues. Because no general principle of due diligence exists, transnational climate litigation proves key to articulating sciencebased business duties in mandatory due diligence over climate matters.
Clinical use of plasmafiltration coupled with adsorption
Authors: Pedreros-Rosales Cristian , Müller-Ortiz Hans , Colomina-Climent Francisco
Published: March 2023

Coupled plasma filtration adsorption is an extracorporeal therapy that combines plasma separation and adsorption of inflammatory mediators and toxins, followed by hemofiltration to control volume overload and removal of small and medium-sized water-soluble mediators. Although it is not new, there are still doubts about its clinical role. Evidence indicates that the coupled plasma filtration adsorption is highly efficient in removing inflammatory molecules in sepsis. So far it has not been shown to reduce mortality, but it is possible to achieve a better hemodynamic benefit over convective therapies. On the other hand, the absorptive component makes it possible to purify larger mediators associated with causes of non-septic acute kidney injury, such as myoglobin, toxins associated with liver failure and others, allowing that coupled plasma filtration adsorption indications to be expanded to various clinical settings with a high inflammatory component, particularly when it is required to manage several organ dysfunctions simultaneously.
Ficha Catalográfica
Authors:   Carla Viana Dendasck,   Anísio Francisco Soares,   Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos Dias,   Patrick Rodrigues Fleury Cabral
Published: March 2023

Ciências Agrárias: Atualização de Área - janeiro e fevereiro de 2023 - Ficha Catalográfica - Livros Acadêmicos - Núcleo do Conhecimento
Apresentação
Authors: Cabral Patrick Rodrigues Fleury
Published: March 2023

É com muita alegria que apresentamos a você leitor este e-book, que traz consigo atualizações na área das Ciências Agrárias. Com avanço constante no cenário global, é imprescindível estarmos atualizado na área pretendida. Pensando nisso, essa atualização de área tem como objetivo aproximar a sociedade e o universo acadêmico. Desse modo, sendo você um profissional, docente, discente ou um leitor, convido a adentrar a esse mundo tão fascinante que é a pesquisa. A equipe da Revista Núcleo do Conhecimento tem trabalhado incansavelmente para que o conhecimento científico possa ser acessível a todos, e que isso possa se tornar uma cultura.
ВПЛИВ АГРОПРОМИСЛОВОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ НА ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТА ПЕРЕРОБКИ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ
Authors: Томашук Інна
Published: March 2023

У статті досліджено вплив агропромислової інтеграції на підвищення ефективності виробництва та переробки сільськогосподарської продукції, виявлені її переваги та недоліки. Визначено складові інтеграційного потенціалу аграрно-промислового комплексу України, та встановлено фактори, які гальмують процес агропромислової інтеграції в Україні. Мета статті полягає в теоретичному обґрунтуванні та розробці методичних положень, а також практичних рекомендацій щодо підвищення ефективності виробництва та переробки сільськогосподарської продукції в умовах інтеграційних процесів. У статті було вирішено наступні завдання: досліджено теоретичні основи сутності ефективності виробництва та переробки сільськогосподарської продукції; розкрито зміст, принципи та ідентифіковано інструменти економічного регулювання комплексного розвитку переробної ланки аграрного сектору; обґрунтовано концептуальні напрями удосконалення ефективності виробництва та переробки сільськогосподарської продукції в умовах інтеграційних процесів. Методи дослідження, які використанні у статті базуються на загальнонаукових засадах і фундаментальних положеннях економічної теорії, теорій глобалізації, міжнародної інтеграції та регіоналізації. Фундаментальну основу дослідження становлять категорійний апарат, історико-логічний і системний підходи до аналізу економічних явищ і процесів у контексті глобальної інтеграції. Для реалізації спланованих завдань застосовано: діалектичний метод наукового пізнання, методи наукової абстракції, аналізу та синтезу; системного узагальнення; порівняльного аналізу, статистичного аналізу. Запропоновано систему показників оцінки економічної ефективності управління. Представлено характеристику зовнішнього та внутрішнього середовища сільськогосподарських підприємств. Наведено результати PEST-аналізу тенденцій, що мають істотне значення для стратегії сільськогосподарських підприємств. Охарактеризовано функціональну структуру глобалізації, яка характеризується зростаючою взаємозалежністю економік різних країн, більшою цілісністю і єдністю світового господарства, в основі яких - посилення відкритості національних ринків, поглиблення міжнародного поділу і кооперації праці. Наведено класифікацію об’єднань світу за використанням моделей інтеграційних процесів. Запропоновано шляхи підвищення економічної ефективності діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств, де ключовою основою є розвиток кооперації і агропромислової інтеграції.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL IN POLAND: SELECTED ISSUES
Authors: Kierasiński Mariusz
Published: March 2023

This article deals with selected problems related to the implementation of the European Green Deal (EGD) strategy in Poland. The first part of the article presents the place and importance of the EGD in the ecological and agricultural policy of the EU. The second part of the article is an elaboration of selected challenges related to the implementation of EGD in Poland. The goal of the EGD is for the European Union (EU) to become climate neutral by 2050. Poland began to notice many obstacles to the implementation of the EGD: the high cost of energy transformation, inflation, low share of renewable energy sources in the economy and the Russian-Ukrainian war. These are only the first conclusions since the announcement of the EGD idea in the EU. Future research may focus on solving current and future problems related to the introduction of climate neutrality in Poland.
HOTEL CHAINS IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF OPERATION
Authors: Ільницька-Гикавчук Галина
Published: March 2023

Hotel chains are of great importance for the high-quality functioning of the hotel services market, as they have established service standards, sufficient financial resources, and are widely distributed on the world market. In turn, measures are needed to increase the efficiency of their activities. The article examines the essence of hotel chains, their advantages in the market of hotel services. Methods of organizing hotel chains are revealed. Franchise relations are the most common, which cover approximately 80% of all hotels, and their advantages and disadvantages are defined. The ranking of the largest hotel chains in the world is submitted. It is established that the Indian operator OYO is the leader in terms of the number of hotels in the world, and Marriott International is the leader in terms of the number of rooms sold. The main strengths of hotel chains are the appropriate quality of services, a joint advertising policy, uniform service standards, the availability of financial resources, the possibility of obtaining consultations in the network, the implementation of innovations, support for social projects, uniform staff training systems, a wide range of services, and the availability of consumer loyalty programs. The main problems of the development of hotel chains in Ukraine are highlighted: decline in activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic and military operations, damage to hotels, loss of customers, disruption of supply chains, problems with power outages, uneven territorial distribution of hotel chains, insufficient number of chains and hotels, low level of development of associated infrastructure, low interest of investors and lack of guarantees of protection of investments in the development of the infrastructure of hospitality enterprises, insufficient number and inadequate level of training of personnel for the hotel industry. The prospects for the development of hotel chains in Ukraine have been determined: the introduction of innovations (greening of activities, digital technologies, marketing innovations, crowdsourcing, etc.), diversification and personalization of services, increasing the safety of guests.