bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse effects of medicinal herbs on the human kidney
Authors: Figueredo Matheus Santana , Schroeder Fernanda Moraes , Soares Rodrigo Vieira , Helou Claudia Maria de Barros
Published: March 2018

More than half of world’s population rely on medicinal herbs (MH) as a source of self care, which is often associated with traditions or misconceptions regarding natural products. However, MH contain many active principles that can induce adverse effects on the kidney, most of which underestimated. This manuscript, part of a Medicine graduate school subject, aims to study the adverse effects of MH on the human kidneys. Using the keywords “medicinal herbs”, “kidney” and “adverse effects” on PubMed, LILACS and Scopus, 11 scientific publications were selected in order to provide a better understanding of this matter. Most of these publications consisted of case-report, whereas only one consisted of a more scientifically strict study, a randomized controlled trial in this case, corroborating with the scientific literature regarding it. There was also no scientific paper that reflected more the subject’s reality in Brazil. Hence, health public policies should be directed to provide health professionals with scientific knowledge about the subject’s relevance, thus allowing them to guide the population on how to take MH in a safer and more efficient way.
Mammals’ antimicrobial peptides: potential and limitations for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections
Authors: Baron Gabriel Bernardes , Tejada Nathália Franchon Marques , Silva Fabiano Pinheiro da
Published: March 2018

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules produced by virtually all living organisms as a part of the innate immune system. They present a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against a myriad of microorganisms, but also anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antitumor effects, among others. Therefore, it was our objective to compile and analyze the current information about natural and synthetic AMPs, regarding their general mechanisms of action, potentials, and limitations for clinical use, especially for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Furthermore, we intended to briefly discuss new routes of administration and the emergence of bacterial resistance to AMPs. To do so, two databases, PubMed and Scopus, and the keywords “Staphylococcus aureus”, “antimicrobial peptide” and “novel antibiotics” were used, and the articles were filtered by the English language for the period between 2011 and 2016. We found that AMPs possess different properties, with characteristic antimicrobial activities and secondary effects. Moreover, we also pointed some modifications that could be used to design new AMPs and different routes of administration that could be used to improve AMP capacity or to adapt it to a specific purpose, such as preventing biofilm formation in catheters or treating a specific disease. On the other hand, they also present limitations that include: development of bacterial resistance, cytotoxicity, and reduced stability, sometimes lower efficacy when compared to the actual treatment, high costs of production and also some inconsistent results between articles, which we believe that may be related to differences in methods and/or strains of S. aureus investigated.
Learning methodology in surgical training
Authors: Camargo Cristina P. , Gemperli Rolf , Auler Junior José Otavio Costa
Published: March 2018

This manuscript aimed to review the literature data related to the surgical training program. This review showed some of the requirements to perform effective surgical training were direct supervision, predetermined repetitions according to surgical skill complexity, valid simulator models, number of students per model. This manuscript discussed how the surgical program could achieve competence using a critical thinking framework, integrated curriculum based on the rationale behind simulation training program.
Is late-onset Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a valid diagnosis in adults?
Authors: Xavier Neto Mauro , Medeiros Sofia Amaral , Soares Arthur de Campos , Fráguas Junior Renério
Published: March 2018

INTRODUCTION: The current Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) paradigm understands it as a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that can persist into adult life. However, it has been raised the possibility of a late-onset ADHD syndrome. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the current state of knowledge regarding late-onset (i.e. age-of-onset > 12 years) ADHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic literature review using PubMed (MEDLINE) and SCOPUS databases. RESULTS: We found six studies reporting data offering some support for the existence of late-onset ADHD: five from the PubMed search and one from the non-overlapping articles in the SCOPUS search. DISCUSSION: Despite the small number of studies, the differences in methodology among them and the presence of limitations in all of them, data regarding clinical aspects offer some support for the content validity of late-onset ADHD diagnosis in adults. CONCLUSIONS: Although many controversies still exist and studies supporting its construct validity are needed, late-onset ADHD may be a valid diagnosis in adults. Thus, clinicians should consider diagnosing and treating late-onset ADHD in adults, instead of just neglecting this possibility because of the age-of-onset criterion.
HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer: risky sexual behavior
Authors: Oliveira Denise Costa , Dos Santos Rafael Prado , Hojaij Flávio Carneiro
Published: March 2018

O carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe é tradicionamente associado com uso de tabaco e álcool. Apesar da prevalência de tabagistas ter diminuído, a prevalência de carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe vem aumentando. Esse aumento do carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe pode ser notado em um tipo específico, o associado com infecção pelo papilomavirus humano (HPV), principalmente o HPV 16, um subtipo de HPV de alto risco. A transmissão do HPV é conhecidamente por contato sexual, mas muitas pesquisas diferem quanto ao tipo de contato responsável pela infecção pelo HPV. Objetivo: O objetivo dessa revisão é verificar se existe na literatura um padrão de comportamento sexual que está mais relacionado com o câncer de orofaringe HPV positivo. Os hábitos mais associados com carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe são realização de sexo oral e múltiplos parceiros sexuais. A ocorrência desses hábitos na população variam conforme a cultura local, nível social e grupos étnicos. Nesse contexto, profissionais de saúde têm grande responsabilidade na orientação sobre aspectos da doença, fatores de risco, vacinação e prognósticos. Outras pesquisas ainda são necessárias para determinar qual é o papel da vacinação contra HPV em futuras mudanças na prevalência do carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe.
A natureza das crises nos sistemas socioeconómicos capitalistas
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos
Published: March 2018

A atualidade é pautada por discursos contraditórios em torno da(s) crise(s). Este artigo faz uma incursão pelo quadro de conceitos que permitem compreender a crise, atendendo aos diferentes graus de intensidade e aos modos como se manifestam nos sistemas socioeconômicos. Cria-se assim substrato para refletir sobre as relações entre crise, capitalismo e neoliberalismo. Mantendo os paradigmas vigentes e ignorando a complexidade própria dos sistemas socioeconômicos, ampliam-se as condições para gerar e/ou fazer perpetuar, quadros de crise.
Rosa Luxemburg e a expansão imanente do capitalismo: destruição, resistência e recriação dos territórios e das relações não capitalistas
Authors: Prieto Gustavo Francisco Teixeira
Published: March 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os escritos econômicos luxemburguianos, sobretudo o manuscrito Introdução à economia política, a partir da hipótese de que Rosa Luxemburg constrói uma tríade da formação das classes sociais capitalistas formulando uma interpretação não etapista e não evolucionista da história: destruição, resistência e recriação dos modos comunitários de produção e do campesinato são possibilidades abertas no processo de expansão do capitalismo sobre seus territórios. A análise da múltipla convivência de modos de produção e a noção de recriação de relações não capitalistas de produção a partir da reflexão de Luxemburg sobre os camponeses e o chamado comunismo primitivo explicitam a crítica ao progresso linear do espaço e da história e à barbárie moderna do capitalismo. A geografia agrária brasileira é tributária das interpretações luxemburguianas, e objetivamos também contribuir com a compreensão desse vínculo teórico e metodológico.
Predictors of Zero X-Ray Ablation for Supraventricular Tachycardias in a Nationwide Multicenter Experience
Authors: Pani Antonio , Giuseppina Belotti , Bonanno Carlo , Grazia Bongiorni Maria , Bottoni Nicola , Brambilla Roberta , Ceglia Sergio de , Della Bella Paolo , Vito Giovanni de , Malaspina Daniele , Menardi Endrj , Napoli Velia , Negroni Maria Silvia , Ocello Salvatore , Orsida Daniela , Pandozi Claudio , Pedretti Stefano , Penela Diego , Pepi Patrizia , Rossi Luca , Rovaris Giovanni , Scopinaro Alice , Vincenti Antonello , Viola Graziana , Zacà Valerio , Zoppo Franco , Vergara Pasquale , Badolati Sandra , Baiocchi Claudia , Belletti Sebastiano , Cori Andrea Di , Galeazzi Marco , Gandolfi Edoardo , Iori Matteo , Isola Francesco , Massa Riccardo , Motta Giovanni , Pala Massimo , Piazzi Elena , Quartieri Fabio , Segreti Luca , Vado Antonello , Vignati Gabriele
Published: March 2018

Background:

This multicenter, prospective study evaluated the determinants of zero-fluoroscopy (ZFL) ablation of supraventricular tachycardias.

Methods and Results:

Four hundred thirty patients (215 male, 55.4±22.1 years) with indication to electrophysiological study or ablation of supraventricular tachycardias were enrolled. All participating physicians agreed to follow the as low as reasonably achievable policy. A procedure was defined as ZFL when no fluoroscopy was used. The total fluoroscopy time inversely correlated to the number of procedures previously performed by each operator since study start (
r
=−0.112;
P
=0.02). Two hundred eighty-nine procedures (67.2%) were ZFL; multivariable analysis identified as predictors of ZFL: procedure after the 30th for each operator, compared with procedures up to the ninth (
P
=0.011; hazard ratio, 3.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79–6.80); the type of arrhythmia (
P
=0.031; electrophysiological study and atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia ablation having the highest probability of ZFL; hazard ratio, 6.87; 95% CI, 2.08–22.7 and hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.04–3.91, respectively); the operator’s (
P
=0.002) and patient’s age (
P
=0.009). Among operators, achievement of ZFL varied from 0% to 100%; 8 (22.8%) operators achieved ZFL in <25% of their procedures; 17 (48.6%) operators achieved ZFL in >75% of their procedures. The probability of ZFL increased by 2.8% (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99) as patient’s age decreased by 1 year. Acute procedural success was obtained in all cases.

Conclusions:

The use of 3-dimensional mapping system completely avoided the use of fluoroscopy in most cases, with very low fluoroscopy time in the remaining and high safety and effectiveness profiles. Achievement of ZFL was predicted by the type of arrhythmia, operator’s experience, and patient’s age.
Can We Use the Intrinsic Left Ventricular Delay (QLV) to Optimize the Pacing Configuration for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With a Quadripolar Left Ventricular Lead?
Authors: van Everdingen Wouter M. , Zweerink Alwin , Cramer Maarten J. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Nguyên Uyên Châu , van Rossum Albert C. , Prinzen Frits W. , Vernooy Kevin , Allaart Cornelis P. , Meine Mathias
Published: March 2018

Background:

Previous studies indicated the importance of the intrinsic left ventricular (LV) electric delay (QLV) for optimal benefit to cardiac resynchronization therapy. We investigated the use of QLV for achieving optimal acute hemodynamic response to cardiac resynchronization therapy with a quadripolar LV lead.

Methods and Results:

Forty-eight heart failure patients with a left bundle branch block were prospectively enrolled (31 men; age, 66±10 years; LV ejection fraction, 28±8%; QRS duration, 176±14 ms). Immediately after cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation, invasive LV pressure–volume loops were recorded during biventricular pacing with each separate electrode at 4 atrioventricular delays. Acute cardiac resynchronization therapy response, measured as change in stroke work (Δ%SW) compared with intrinsic conduction, was related to intrinsic interval between Q on the ECG and LV sensing delay (QLV), normalized for QRS duration (QLV/QRSd), and electrode position. QLV/QRSd was 84±9% and variation between the 4 electrodes 9±5%. Δ%SW was 89±64% and varied by 39±36% between the electrodes. In univariate analysis, an anterolateral or lateral electrode position and a high QLV/QRSd had a significant association with a large Δ%SW (all
P
<0.01). In a combined model, only QLV/QRSd remained significantly associated with Δ%SW (
P
<0.05). However, a direct relation between QLV/QRSd and Δ%SW was only seen in 24 patients, whereas 24 patients showed an inverse relation.

Conclusions:

The large variation in acute hemodynamic response indicates that the choice of the stimulated electrode on a quadripolar lead is important. Although QLV/QRSd was associated with acute hemodynamic response at group level, it cannot be used to select the optimal electrode in the individual patient.
Outcomes in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Awaiting Heart Transplantation
Authors: Zuñiga Cisneros Julio , Stehlik Josef , Selzman Craig H. , Drakos Stavros G. , McKellar Stephen H. , Wever-Pinzon Omar
Published: March 2018

Background:

Current organ allocation policy and the rapid growth of mechanical support favor heart transplant (HT) candidates on left ventricular assist devices. HT candidates with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are usually not left ventricular assist device candidates and may have a disadvantage compared with dilated forms of cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results:

Adult HT candidates registered in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database between 1999 and 2016 were included. HCM candidates were compared with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and non-ICM patients. Two eras were defined on the basis of the approval date of the first continuous-flow left ventricular assist device for bridge-to-transplant in the United States (2008). Patients outcomes were evaluated while on the waitlist and after HT. The proportion of patients with HCM listed for HT increased by 44% in era 2 compared with era 1. Waitlist mortality in patients with ICM (15.5%–8.7%) and non-ICM (14.2%–8.2%) declined across eras, but minimal decline was observed in HCM patients (11.7%–9.6%;
P
=0.06). In era 2, the 12-month rate of HT in HCM (64.8%) was comparable to that of ICM (60.9%) and non-ICM (62.7%) patients (
P
=0.06). Post-transplant survival in HCM patients was the most favorable in the most recent era (1 year: 91.6% and 5 years: 82.5%;
P
<0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusions:

The number of patients with HCM in need of HT is increasing. Although post-transplant survival in HCM is excellent, waitlist mortality is substantial and with minimal decline in the most recent era, despite the frequent use of listing status upgrade by exception in this patient cohort. Different strategies to improve the performance of the organ allocation system in patients with HCM are needed.
Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Utilization and Heart Transplant Waitlist Outcomes in Patients With Restrictive and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sridharan Lakshmi , Wayda Brian , Truby Lauren K. , Latif Farhana , Restaino Susan , Takeda Koji , Takayama Hiroo , Naka Yoshifumi , Colombo Paolo C. , Maurer Mathew , Farr Maryjane A. , Topkara Veli K.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) generally are considered poor candidates for mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) and often not able to be bridged mechanically to heart transplantation. This study characterized MCSD utilization and transplant waitlist outcomes in patients with RCM/HCM under the current allocation system and discusses changes in the era of the new donor allocation system.

Methods and Results:

Patients waitlisted from 2006 to 2016 in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry were stratified by RCM/HCM versus other diagnoses. MCSD utilization and waitlist duration were analyzed by propensity score models. Waitlist outcomes were assessed by cumulative incidence functions with competing events. Predictors of waitlist mortality or delisting for worsening status in patients with RCM/HCM were identified by proportional hazards model. Of 30 608 patients on the waitlist, 5.1% had RCM/HCM. Patients with RCM/HCM had 31 fewer waitlist days (
P
<0.01) and were ≈26% less likely to receive MCSD (
P
<0.01). Cumulative incidence of waitlist mortality was similar between cohorts; however, patients with RCM/HCM had higher incidence of heart transplantation. Predictors of waitlist mortality or delisting for worsening status in patients with RCM/HCM without MCSD support included estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure >20 mm Hg, inotrope use, and subjective frailty.

Conclusions:

Patients with RCM/HCM are less likely to receive MCSD but have similar waitlist mortality and slightly higher incidence of transplantation compared with other patients. The United Network for Organ Sharing RCM/HCM risk model can help identify patients who are at high risk for clinical deterioration and in need of expedited heart transplantation.
The Case for Selective Patent Foramen Ovale Closure After Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Wiktor Dominik M. , Carroll John D.
Published: March 2018

Controversy has persisted for over a decade whether transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure reduces the rate of recurrent ischemic stroke for patients who have had a cryptogenic ischemic stroke and have a PFO. In September 2017, 3 positive randomized trials: RESPECT long-term (Recurrent Stroke Comparing PFO Closure to Established Current Standard of Care Treatment trial), REDUCE (GORE® HELEX® Septal Occluder / GORE® CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder and Antiplatelet Medical Management for Reduction of Recurrent Stroke or Imaging-Confirmed TIA in Patients With Patent Foramen Ovale [PFO]), and CLOSE (Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulants Versus Antiplatelet Therapy to Prevent Stroke Recurrence) were published. All 3 trials studied young to middle age patients with cryptogenic ischemic strokes found to have a PFO, and compared recurrent stroke rates after PFO closure versus medical therapy alone. All trials had primary end points of recurrent ischemic strokes, a superiority design, and reported results in the intention to treat population. The long-term results of the RESPECT trial led to the Food and Drug Administration approval of the AMPLATZER PFO Occluder for a secondary prevention indication. There was a 45% risk reduction in the device arm for recurrent ischemic stroke with an event rate of 0.58 versus 1.07 per 100 patient-years (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.305–0.999; log-rank
P
=0.046). The primary efficacy result of the REDUCE trial utilizing the HELEX and CARDIOFORM devices demonstrated a risk reduction of 77% (hazard ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.62; log-rank
P
=0.001). In the CLOSE trial, device closure plus long-term antiplatelet therapy versus antiplatelet therapy alone demonstrated a risk reduction of 97% (hazard ratio, 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0–0.25; log-rank
P
<0.001). Each trial demonstrated a low frequency of device- and procedure-related complications, including a slight increase in the rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the device arm. This review focuses on summarizing the trial results and translating the results and methods from investigative trials into clinical practice.
Arterial Wall Imaging in Pediatric Stroke
Authors: Dlamini Nomazulu , Yau Ivanna , Muthusami Prakash , Mikulis David J. , Elbers Jorina , Slim Mahmoud , Askalan Rand , MacGregor Daune , deVeber Gabrielle , Shroff Manohar , Moharir Mahendranath
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—

Arteriopathy is common in childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and predicts stroke recurrence. Currently available vascular imaging techniques mainly image the arterial lumen rather than the vessel wall and have a limited ability to differentiate among common arteriopathies. We aimed to investigate the value of a magnetic resonance imaging-based technique, namely noninvasive arterial wall imaging (AWI), for distinguishing among arteriopathy subtypes in a consecutive cohort of children presenting with AIS.

Methods—

Children with confirmed AIS and magnetic resonance angiography underwent 3-Tesla AWI including T1-weighted 2-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery fast spin echo sequences pre- and post-gadolinium contrast. AWI characteristics, including wall enhancement, wall thickening, and luminal stenosis, were documented for all.

Results—

Twenty-six children with AIS had AWI. Of these, 9 (35%) had AWI enhancement. AWI enhancement was associated with anterior circulation magnetic resonance angiography abnormality and cortical infarction in 8 of 9 (89%) children and normal magnetic resonance angiography with posterior circulation subcortical infarction in 1 (1 of 9; 11%) child. AWI enhancement was not seen in 17 (65%), 10 (59%) of whom had an abnormal magnetic resonance angiography. Distinct patterns of pre- and postcontrast signal abnormality were demonstrated in the vessel wall in the region of interest in children with transient cerebral arteriopathy, arterial dissection, primary central nervous system angiitis, dissecting aneurysm, and cardioembolic stroke.

Conclusions—

AWI is a noninvasive, high-resolution magnetic resonance AWI technique, which can be successfully used in children presenting with AIS. Patterns of AWI enhancement are recognizable and associated with specific AIS pathogeneses. Further studies are required to assess the additional diagnostic utility of AWI over routine vascular imaging techniques, in childhood AIS.
Eligibility for Endovascular Trial Enrollment in the 6- to 24-Hour Time Window
Authors: Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Desai Shashvat M. , Kenmuir Cynthia L. , Rocha Marcelo , Starr Matthew T. , Molyneaux Bradley J. , Gross Bradley A. , Jankowitz Brian T. , Jovin Tudor G.
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—

The results of the DAWN trial (Diffusion-Weighted Imaging or Computerized Tomography Perfusion Assessment With Clinical Mismatch in the Triage of Wake Up and Late Presenting Strokes Undergoing Neurointervention With Trevo) support the benefit of endovascular therapy in patients presenting beyond the 6-hour time window with anterior circulation large vessel occlusions. The impact of these results with respect to additional number of eligible patients in clinical practice remains unknown.

Methods—

A retrospective review of ischemic stroke admissions to a single DAWN trial-participating comprehensive stroke center was performed during the DAWN enrollment period (November 2014 to February 2017) to identify patients meeting criteria for DAWN and DEFUSE-3 (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke-3) eligibility. Patients presenting beyond 6 hours were further investigated to clarify reasons for trial exclusion.

Results—

Of the 2667 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted within the study period, 30% (n=792) presented within the 6- to 24-hour time window, and 47% (n=1242) had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥6. Further clinical trial-specific selection criteria were applied based on the presence of large vessel occlusion, baseline modified Rankin Scale score, core infarct, and perfusion imaging (when available). There were 45 patients who met all DAWN trial criteria and 47 to 58 patients who would meet DEFUSE-3 trial criteria. Thirty-three percent of DAWN-eligible patients are DEFUSE-3 ineligible.

Conclusions—

Of all patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting to a single comprehensive stroke center, 1.7% of patients qualified for DAWN clinical trial enrollment with an additional 0.6% to 1% qualifying for the DEFUSE-3 trial. These data predict an increase in thrombectomy utilization with important implications for comprehensive stroke center resource optimization and stroke systems of care.
Nenabozho Goes Fishing: A Sovereignty Story
Authors: Stark Heidi Kiiwetinepinesiik , Stark Kekek Jason
Published: March 2018

In this essay, we present a brief genealogy of sovereignty, outlining debates about the term itself as well as the challenging legal terrain facing Indigenous nations' assertions of sovereignty today. We draw on the experiences of the Lake Superior and Mississippi Bands of Ojibwe for examples of how sovereignty has been debated and defined, from treaty-making practices establishing a political relationship with the United States to subsequent struggles for recognition of Ojibwe sovereign authority accorded in those same treaties. We find that the courts and Congress have oscillated between protecting and diminishing Indigenous nations' ability to exercise sovereignty. We argue for a return to the relational paradigm used by the Ojibwe in their treaty-making as a remedy for the damage done by the courts and by Congress. Rather than a rights-based approach to sovereignty, a relational paradigm foregrounds responsibilities to one another and to creation, which sustains us all.
Alaska's Conflicting Objectives
Authors: Worl Rosita Kaaháni , Kendall-Miller Heather
Published: March 2018

The formal treaty-making period between the U.S. government and Native peoples ended in 1871, only four years after the United States purchased Alaska from Russia. As a result, Alaska Natives did not enter into treaties that recognized their political authority or land rights. Nor, following the end of the treaty-making period, were Alaska Natives granted the same land rights as federally recognized tribes in the lower forty-eight states. Rather, Congress created the Alaska Native Corporations as the management vehicle for conveyed lands in 1971. The unique legal status of these corporations has raised many questions about tribal land ownership and governance for future generations of Alaska Natives. Although Congress created the Native Corporations in its eagerness to settle land claims and assimilate Alaska Natives, Alaska Native cultures and governance structures persisted and evolved, and today many are reasserting the inherent authority of sovereign governments.
Why Don't More Indians Do Better in School? The Battle between U.S. Schooling & American Indian/Alaska Native Education
Authors: Brayboy Bryan McKinley Jones , Lomawaima K. Tsianina
Published: March 2018

American Indian/Alaska Native education – the training for life of children, adolescents, and adults – has been locked in battle for centuries with colonial schooling, which continues to the present day. Settler societies have used schools to “civilize” Indigenous peoples and to train Native peoples in subservience while dispossessing them of land. Schools are the battlegrounds of American Indian education in which epistemologies, ontologies, axiologies, pedagogies, and curricula clash. In the last century, Native nations, communities, parents, and students have fought tenaciously to maintain heritage languages and cultures – their ways of being in the world – through Indigenous education and have demanded radical changes in schools. Contemporary models of how educators are braiding together Indigenous education and Indigenous schooling to better serve Native peoples provide dynamic, productive possibilities for the future.
How to Think the Infinite: A New Reading and Interpretation of Aristotle, Metaphysics 2.2, 994b21-27
Authors: Kotwick Mirjam E. , Pfeiffer Christian
Published: March 2018

InMetaphysics2.2, 994b21-27 Aristotle comments on how it is possible to think something that is infinitely divisible. Given that Aristotle denies elsewhere that it is possible to think an infinite number of items the passage offers important evidence for Aristotle’s positive account of how one can think something that is infinite. However, Aristotle’s statement inMetaphysics2.2 has puzzled interpreters since antiquity. This puzzlement has been partly due to a textual problem in the passage. In this paper we first restore the original reading ofMetaph. 2.2, 994b25-26 by making use of the evidence in Alexander of Aphrodisias’s commentary and second make sense of the restored passage by interpreting it in light of Aristotle’s thoughts on the infinite inPhysics3 and 8.
Callimachus’ Taxonomy of Men (Iamb 2.10-13)
Authors: Greene Robin J.
Published: March 2018

This study argues that Callimachus’ treatment of his ‘animal-voiced’ contemporaries at the conclusion of the fable inIamb2 reflects zoological and physiognomic practices so as to represent the poetic narrator as a taxonomist of men. Elsewhere the classification of men as if they were flora or fauna appears, like fable itself, in distinctly moral and ethical contexts, as, for example, in Theophrastus’Characters. Callimachus’ formulation of his narrator as a taxonomist who classifies ‘species’ of men based upon their literary ‘voices’ thus plays with modes of invective new toiamboswhile uniting moral criticism with literary polemic.
The Poetological Principles of the Early-Modern Bible Epic in Historical Contrast (Poetologische Prinzipien des frühneuzeitlichen Bibelepos im historischen Kontrast)
Authors: Bremer Kai
Published: March 2018

The investigation of the biblical epic is usually focused on the literary reception of the ancient epic. This is expedient. Nevertheless, in this paper additional perspectives on the biblical epic are discussed. It takes into account the early-modern, literary-theoretical reception of the Bible and it compares the reception of the Bible in epic with that in early modern tragedy. In conclusion, it critically discusses the considerations on the biblical epic in Ernst Robert Curtius’ Europäische Literatur und lateinisches Mittelalter (first 1948).
Victorious Virgin: Early Modern Mary Epics between Theological-Didactical and Epic Poetry (Virgo Victrix: Frühneuzeitliche Marienepik zwischen theologischem Lehrgedicht und Epos)
Authors: Roling Bernd
Published: March 2018

This paper deals with a neglected subgenre of biblical poetry, namely with epic poems on the life of the Blessed Virgin. After an introduction into the poetic treatment of Mary in early modern latin poetry in general, one single epic poem is discussed in detail, the Mariados libri tres of the Italian-German scholar Giulio Cesare Delfini. As it will be demonstrated, Delfini’s poem included long explanations of medico-theological problems, like the digestion of the Divine Virgin or her intellectual skills, which the poet treated in addition in separate glosses. As result the poem presents itself as hybrid between didactic and epic poetry. In addition the study contains as an Appendix a list of (approximately) all accessible Latin poems, written between 1550 and 1650, on the incarnation and birth of Christ.
Poetic Physics (Poetische Naturwissenschaft)
Authors: Robert Jörg
Published: March 2018

This article deals with Martin Opitz’s didactic poem Vesuvius (1633) and tries to elucidate its fundamental poetical and epistemological issues. In his Buch von der Deutschen Poeterey (1624), Opitz establishes a set of rules for the genre of carmen heroicum that comprises both didactic poetry and narrative epics. Especially didactic resp. scientific poetry plays a decisive role in Opitz’s overall concept of poetry as it denies being fiction (‘Erdichtung’) and claims strict factuality. Thus it is not surprising that Vesuvius becomes the opening piece of the posthumous collection of Opitz’s Teutsche Poemata (1644). Vesuvius reveals itself not only as an imitation / translation of De Aetna (a didactic poem included in the Appendix Vergiliana), but also as an attempt to connect literary tradition, natural philosophy and religious knowledge: The purely scientific parts of the poem (on earthquakes and volcanism) are functioning to reveal the natural order of creation (the aspect of theodicy avant la lettre). The Vesuv-catastrophe is interpreted as God’s clear hint for mankind towards the ending of moral deprivation and civil war. The poet’s role as poeta vates resp. poeta theologus is thus to be the mediator / translator / interpreter between god and mankind, a mediation which actually takes the form of philological interpretation and commentary. The text of the 1633 print reflects this constellation by interweaving text and paratext (commentary) to a unique ensemble. With its particular textual arrangement and discoursive complexity, Vesuvius is symptomatic for premodern negotiations between natural sciences, religious knowledge, and literature.
Ovid and Homer in ‘German Rhymes’ (Ovid und Homer in ‘teutschen Reymen’)
Authors: Toepfer Regina
Published: March 2018

This contribution examines the relationship between vernacular translations of the sixteenth century and the history of the epic poetry genre in the seventeenth. To this end, it systematically analyses the Early Modern High German translations of Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey and identifies the various reasons why translators decided in favour of prose or verse. Of all the protagonists of the German reception of antiquity – including such figures as Jörg Wickram, Simon Schaidenreisser, and Johannes Baptista Rexius – it is the Meistersinger Johannes Spreng of Augsburg who most consistently chose rhyme for his translations of the classical epics into German.
Reynard the Fox and the Art of Printing (Reineke Fuchs und die Buchdruckerkunst)
Authors: Speth Sebastian
Published: March 2018

Johann Christoph Gottsched glorifies the benefits of printing for the acquisition, conservation, and distribution of knowledge. Praising the Low German Reynke de vos he expects furthermore the inspiration from the art of printing for the emergence of a contemporary German epic. This article compares different versions of Reineke-stories relating to their variable peritextual presentation. This includes titles, covers, and other paratextual dimensions of the works. But as a product of collective retelling, the fox epic joins completely different literary genres.

Johann Christoph Gottsched preist die Leistungen des Buchdrucks bei der Aneignung, Bewahrung und Verbreitung von Wissen. Ausgehend von einem Lob des niederdeutschen Reynke de vos hofft er darüber hinaus, die Druckkunst werde zur Inspirationsquelle für ein zeitgenössisches ‘Heldengedicht’ in deutscher Sprache. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Vergleich verschiedener Reineke-Fassungen nicht auf die bloße Vershandlung reduziert. Im Zentrum steht die Inszenierung durch textgeschichtlich variable Titelbilder, -formulierungen sowie weitere peritextuelle Werkdimensionen. Als Produkt eines gemeinsamen Wiedererzählens von Verfassern und Überlieferungsbeteiligten gerät die Fuchsgeschichte jedoch in ganz andere Gattungskontexte.
Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis
Authors: BERGH NICOLA G. , BENTLEY JOANNE , VERBOOM GEORGE ANTHONY
Published: March 2018

Phylogenetic relationships within the Relhania generic group, a southern African lineage of 45 yellow-flowered daisy species, are examined using parsimony and Bayesian analysis of plastid DNA, nuclear DNA, and morphological characters. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the species fall into two clades, one comprising the genera containing short-lived (annual / biennial) species, and the other exclusively perennial. Within the perennial clade, containing six genera, several well-supported and morphologically coherent clades are recovered. However, there is substantial generic non-monophyly and many relationships lack resolution, with several species being unplaced. Subdivision into multiple genera would require the recognition of up to twelve small or monospecific genera, and lack of resolution would render this solution potentially unstable. Instead, the six currently-recognised perennial genera Antithrixia, Comborhiza, Oreoleysera, Relhania and Rosenia are here synonymized under the oldest name, Oedera Linnaeus. An infrageneric taxonomy comprising eight sections is proposed for Oedera sensu amplo. This new, enlarged concept of Oedera is defined by the perennial life-history, by leaves with involute or flat margins, by pappus bristles (if present) that are never plumose, and by a base chromosome number of x = 7. Keys to the genera, an updated description of Oedera sensu amplo, and keys to the sections and species are provided. A total of 25 new combinations is made.
Puccinia on Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in Neotropics
Authors: DE CARVALHO-JUNIOR ANIBAL A. , HENNEN JOE F.
Published: March 2018

Previously, few studies have focusad on the Pucciniales on Convolvulaceae. In our examination of various materials from studies investigating Pucciniales from Neotropics and Brazil, some forms seem worthy of description as new species. Most reports of Puccinia on Ipomoea are from neotropic regions, but some occur in Africa, Asia, China, India, Oceania and United States of America. Four of the thirteen Puccinia species on Ipomoea are proposed to be new species: P. cuasoensis, P. hyalostrata, P. iporangae and P. opulentissima. A key to aid in the identification of the thirteen species of Puccinia on the host Ipomoea is provided. Nomenclature, descriptions, illustrations and notes are presented for each species.
Phylogenetic position, taxonomy, distribution, and conservation status of the rare and poorly-known Noccaea rosularis, the generic type of Masmenia (Brassicaceae)
Authors: ÖZÜDOĞRU BARIŞ
Published: March 2018

The taxonomical status of the poorly known Anatolian endemic Noccaea rosularis (generic type of Masmenia) is revised. Inadequate description and distribution of this species are also updated and a new IUCN treat category is suggested based on comprehensive field collections and observations. Additionally in the light of the nuclear ITS based phylogeny, the phylogenetic position and generic affinities of this species with Callothlaspi and Pseudosempervivum is discussed combining morphological data.
Emended description and neotypification of Peperomia bernhardiana C. DC. (Piperaceae)
Authors: MARCUSSO GABRIEL MENDES , BIRAL LEONARDO , RIBEIRO HENRIQUE LAUAND , PEIXOTO THARSO RODRIGUES , MELO PABLO HENDRIGO ALVES DE , MATHIEU GUIDO , LOMBARDI JULIO ANTONIO
Published: March 2018

During a floristic study, carried out in the Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), in São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil, Peperomia bernhardiana, a poorly known species of Atlantic Forest, has been collected. We present an emended description of the species based on the recently collected specimens and provide color photographs of fresh specimens. We verified the need to designate a neotype for this name and propose one to substitute the destroyed holotype.
Rediscovery of Rhipsalis ewaldiana Barthlott & N.P. Taylor (Cactaceae): notes of morphology and conservation of an endemic and threatened species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: GONZAGA DIEGO RAFAEL , MORAES LUCAS , VASCONCELOS LUCAS VERONEZI FEITOSA DE , REIS RICARDO CARNEIRO DA CUNHA
Published: March 2018

Cactaceae Juss. is a family which comprises 124 genera and about 1438 species distributed from Canada to Patagonia, with the largest diversity in tropical and subtropical regions of Americas (see e.g., Hunt et al. 2006). The flora of Brazil includes 39 Cactaceae genera and 261 species, of which 14 genera and 54 species can be found the Rio de Janeiro state, highlighting the importance of this state to the biodiversity of Brazilian cacti (see BFG 2015). These species are highly affected by anthropic disturbances, which cause rapid habitat destruction, especially affecting the narrowly distributed endemic taxa, with 31% of the family being threatened, demonstrating the high anthropogenic pressures on the biodiversity in arid lands (Goettsch et al. 2015).
Griffinia meerowiana, a remarkable new species of Amaryllidaceae from Espírito Santo state, Brazil
Authors: CAMPOS-ROCHA ANTONIO , SEMIR JOÃO , PEIXOTO MAURO , DUTILH JULIE HENRIETTE ANTOINETTE
Published: March 2018

The Atlantic Forest, known for its high biodiversity and endemism levels, now reduced to about 7% of its original area (Myers et al. 2000, Oliveira-Filho & Fontes 2000, Ribeiro et al. 2009), is the main center of diversity for Griffinia Ker Gawler (1820: t. 444). The genus is represented by about sixteen species (Preuss 1999, Campos-Rocha 2015, Campos-Rocha et al. 2017), the majority considered threatened with extinction (MMA 2014). Griffinia is morphologically characterized by having usually pseudopetiolate leaves with reticulate venation, bluish or sometimes white zygomorphic flowers with a hypanthium of variable length, and whitish globose seeds lacking phytomelanin in the testa and with an elaiosome. Currently, it is divided into two subgenera, Griffinia, and Hyline (Herbert 1840: t. 3779) Ravenna (1969: 63), with several ecological and morphological differences (Preuss 1999, Campos-Rocha 2015), though they may not constitute monophyletic groups (Meerow et al. 2000). Subgenus Griffinia, with about fourteen small to large-sized species, are generally understory plants of the Atlantic Forest, with pseudopetiolate leaves and bluish or occasionally white flowers. Subgenus Hyline has two recognized species of the understory of Cerrado and Caatinga primarily, with fragrant and ephemeral large white flowers, rarely pink (Preuss 1999, Campos-Rocha 2015). Griffinia, together with the monotypic genus Worsleya Traub (1944: 89), constitute a strongly supported clade (Meerow et al. 2000), tribe Griffinieae Ravenna (1974: 65), the only Amaryllidaceae tribe endemic to Brazil.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXIX. Aspleniaceae
Authors: KESSLER MICHAEL , Smith ALAN R.
Published: March 2018

We provide a synopsis of the family Aspleniaceae in Bolivia, including 88 species in four genera: Asplenium with 81 species, Desmophlebium with one, Hemidictyum with one, and Hymenasplenium with five. Desmophlebium and Hemidictyum have also been treated in distinct families, Desmophlebiaceae and Hemidictyaceae, respectively. Five species of Asplenium and one of Hymenasplenium are endemic to Bolivia.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXXIX. Oleandraceae
Authors: KESSLER MICHAEL , SMITH ALAN R.
Published: March 2018

We provide a synopsis to the family Oleandraceae in Bolivia, including three species in the single genus Oleandra. Despite the low number of species, the taxonomy of these is not fully resolved and calls for further study.
Three new species, Elathous zagrosensis sp. n., Zorochros dilatatus sp. n., and Dicronychus iranicus sp. n., and noteworthy records of click beetles from western Iran (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: NASSERZADEH HIVA , PLATIA GIUSEPPE , PARSI FARZANEH , SERRI SAYEH
Published: March 2018

Thirty-two species of Elateridae are listed from the central region of the Zagros Mountains in western Iran. Three new species, Elathous zagrosensis sp. n., Zorochros dilatatus sp. n., and Dicronychus iranicus sp. n. are described. Cardiophorus bellus Platia & Gudenzi, is recorded for the first time from Iran. Distribution maps and climate data are presented for all species.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Hirotophora Brown et al. (Diptera: Phoridae) with the description of a new species from Chile
Authors: AMENT DANILO CÉSAR
Published: March 2018

The monotypic genus Hirotophora Brown et al. is revised, with a new species from Chile, Hirotophora chilensis sp. nov., described, and Chaetopleurophora dividua and Chaetopleurophora flavimarginata transferred to this genus. The addition of these species is based on the genus diagnosis, which is amended here, and on the synapomorphies recognized for Hirotophora. All species of the genus are extensively illustrated and new diagnostic characters are described. Females of Hirotophora are more structurally divergent than males, which show almost no conspicuous differences in the male terminalia among the species. This is an uncommon scenario for the subfamily Phorinae, and may relate to still-unknown life history particularities of the species of this genus.
Clarification of the systematic position of Patula spatiosa Lindholm, 1922 from eastern Turkey (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Authors: WALTHER FRANK , NEIBER MARCO T.
Published: March 2018

One of the most mysterious taxa of the terrestrial snail fauna of Turkey is Patula spatiosa Lindholm, 1922. This large species has been described from a single specimen collected in 1914 allegedly in the Kars region (nowadays easternmost Turkey). Up to date, no further specimens have been reported. Its taxonomical position is unclear, even on the family level.
Reply to “Comments on ‘A CloudSat–CALIPSO View of Cloud and Precipitation Properties across Cold Fronts over the Global Oceans’”
Authors: Naud Catherine M. , Posselt Derek J. , van den Heever Susan C.
Published: March 2018

In Naud et al., a compositing method was utilized with CloudSat– CALIPSO observations to obtain mean transects of cloud vertical distribution and surface precipitation across cold fronts, and to examine their sensitivity to the large-scale properties of the parent extratropical cyclone. This reply demonstrates the value of compositing for evaluating numerical models, and presents additional results that address the issue of the sensitivity of the initial results to the frontal detection methodology and the potential misclassification of occlusions as cold fronts. Here a sensitivity study of the cold front composite transects of cloud cover to the input datasets or the method utilized to locate the cold fronts demonstrates that these composite transects are robust and only marginally sensitive to cold front location methods. The same conclusion is reached for the robustness of the contrast between Northern and Southern Hemisphere cloud transects. While occlusions cannot directly be flagged within the database at this point, comparisons of transects obtained for subsets of cyclones of different age indicate that the misclassification of occluded fronts as cold fronts does not explain the predominance of cloud and precipitation on the warm side of the cold fronts. The strong signal on the warm side might be better explained by a predominance of forward sloping cold fronts, or the presence of the warm conveyor belt.