bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Oxidative Stress Nano‐Amplifier for Improved Tumor Elimination and Combined Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ran Yijun , Yang Mi , Hu Yaqin , Wang Zhigang , Cao Yang , Ran Haitao
Published: September 2024

Amplifying oxidative stress to disrupt intracellular redox homeostasis can accelerate tumor cell death. In this work, an oxidative stress amplifier (PP@T) is prepared for enhanced tumor oxidation therapy to reduce tumor growth and metastases. The nano‐amplifier has been successfully constructed by embedding MTH1 inhibitor (TH588) in the PDA‐coated porphyrin metal–organic framework PCN‐224. The controllable‐released TH588 is demonstrated from pores can hinder MTH1‐mediated damage‐repairing process by preventing the hydrolysis of 8‐oxo‐dG, thereby amplifying oxidative stress and exacerbating the oxidative DNA damage induced by the sonodynamic therapy of PP@T under ultrasound irradiation. Furthermore, PP@T can effectively induce immunogenic cell death to trigger systemic anti‐tumor immune response. When administered in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, PP@T not only impedes the progression of the primary tumor but also achieves obvious antimetastasis in breast cancer murine models, including orthotopic and artificial whole‐body metastasis models. Furthermore, the nanoplatform also provides photoacoustic imaging for in vivo treatment guidance. In conclusion, by amplifying oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species sensitized immunotherapy, this image‐guided nanosystem shows potential for highly specific, effective combined therapy against tumor cells with negligible side‐effects to normal cells which will provide a new insight for precise tumor treatment.
On the Topotactic Phase Transition Achieving Superconducting Infinite‐Layer Nickelates
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Changjiang , Zheng Hong , Jiang Jidong Samuel , Zhu Zihua , Yan Xi , Cao Hui , Narayanachari K.V.L.V. , Paudel Binod , Koirala Krishna Prasad , Zhang Zhan , Fisher Brandon , Wang Huanhua , Karapetrova Evguenia , Sun Chengjun , Kelly Shelly , Phelan Daniel , Du Yingge , Buchholz Bruce , Mitchell J. F. , Bhattacharya Anand , Fong Dillon D. , Zhou Hua
Published: September 2024

Topotactic reduction is critical to a wealth of phase transitions of current interest, including synthesis of the superconducting nickelate Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2, reduced from the initial Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure. Due to the highly sensitive and often damaging nature of the topotactic reduction, however, only a handful of research groups have been able to reproduce the superconductivity results. A series of in situ synchrotron‐based investigations reveal that this is due to the necessary formation of an initial, ultrathin layer at the Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 surface that helps to mediate the introduction of hydrogen into the film such that apical oxygens are first removed from the Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 / SrTiO3 (001) interface and delivered into the reducing environment. This allows the square‐planar / perovskite interface to stabilize and propagate from the bottom to the top of the film without the formation of interphase defects. Importantly, neither geometric rotations in the square planar structure nor significant incorporation of hydrogen within the films is detected, obviating its need for superconductivity. These findings unveil the structural basis underlying the transformation pathway and provide important guidance on achieving the superconducting phase in reduced nickelate systems.
Stabilization of Cuδ+ Sites Within MnO2 for Superior Urea Electro‐Synthesis
Authors: Yang Yidong , Wu Guanzheng , Jiang Jiadi , Zhang Wuyong , Liu Sijia , Yu Rui , Liu Fukang , Du Aijun , Dai Lei , Mao Xin , Qin Qing
Published: September 2024

Electrocatalytic C‐N coupling between NO3‐ and CO2 has emerged as a sustainable route for urea production. However, identifying catalytic active sites and designing efficient electrocatalysts remain significant challenges. Herein, the synthesis of Cu‐doped MnO2 nanotube (denoted as Cu‐MnO2) with stable Cuδ+‐oxygen vacancies (Ovs)‐Mn3+ dual sites is reported. Compared with pure MnO2, Cuδ+ doping can effectively enhance urea production performance in the co‐reduction of CO2 and NO3‐. Thus, Cu‐MnO2 catalyst exhibits a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 54.7% and the highest yield rate of 116.7 mmol h−1 gcat.−1 in a flow cell. Remarkably, the urea yield rate remains over 78 mmol h−1 gcat.−1 across a wide potential range. Further experimental and theoretical results elucidate the unique role of Cu‐MnO2 solid‐solution for stabilizing Cuδ+ sites in Cuδ+‐Ovs‐Mn3+, endowing the catalyst with superior structural and electrochemical stabilities. This thermodynamically promotes urea formation and kinetically lowers the energy barrier of C‐N coupling.
Life Cycle Assessment of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Trains
Authors: Tran Dana , Weidhaas Jennifer
Published: September 2024

Alternative technologies to granular activated carbon (GAC) are of interest to improve the sustainability and reduce the cost of munitions wastewater treatment. Research efforts have highlighted GAC alternatives, yet few reports of environmental and economic impacts associated with these technologies are available. Herein, a life cycle assessment (LCA) aids in assessment of environmental impacts associated with six munitions wastewater treatment configurations—specifically GAC, compared to five configurations that include combinations of ion exchange (IX), reverse osmosis (RO), aerobic granular reactors (AGR), UV/H2O2, and ozone technologies. The LCA compares environmental impacts generated by treating 1 m3 of munitions wastewater, impacts by life cycle stage, and effects of IX, RO, and GAC replacement frequency. Results show that IX resin pairs with AGR (for flow‐through treatment) and ozone (for IX regenerant treatment) generated 22 ± 18% less impact than GAC in nine of ten environmental impact categories during production, transportation, and disposal. Treatment trains with ozone or AGR produce 35% less environmental impact than those with UV/H2O2. Production and use stages generate more environmental impacts than transportation and disposal stages for most treatment technologies. This LCA provides insights into the sustainability of six munition wastewater treatment technologies and identifies areas where treatment sustainability can be improved.
MOF‐Derived FeCoO/N‐Doped C Bifunctional Electrode for H2 Production Through Water and Glucose Electrolysis
Authors: Tayebi Meysam , Masoumi Zohreh , Lee Hyungwoo , Hong Daehyeon , Seo Bongkuk , Lim Choong‐Sun , Kyung Daeseung , Kim Hyeon‐Gook
Published: September 2024

The glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) is a potential alternative to water oxidation because of its relatively low thermodynamic potential and the high availability of glucose. Herein, a FeCoO/N‐doped C electrode derived from metal–organic framework (MOF) materials is applied, which is synthesized in several steps through the controlled deposition of Fe–Co oxide nanocatalysts onto Co –N‐doped C nanofibers on a Ni foam substrate and demonstrate exceptional electrocatalytic activity for both the GOR and overall water splitting. Here, a bifunctional electrocatalyst derived from MOF, FeCoO/N‐doped C is reported, for glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The MOF‐derived FeCoO/N‐doped C (+/‐) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst exhibits a cell voltage of 1.4 V for the GOR&HER, to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is 280 mV lower than that for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER)&HER (1.68 V). This study reveals that GOR is an energy‐efficient and affordable source of H2 and value‐added chemicals.
Sustainable Hydrothermal Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Wrapped on α‐MnO2 Nanorod Cathode for Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pradhan Sayli , Ahirrao Dinesh J. , Jha Neetu
Published: September 2024

Manganese oxide (α‐MnO2) with 1D tunneled cathode material is an attractive option for zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) as it offers high energy efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, natural abundance, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, it possesses inferior conductivity, which compromises its electrochemical performance in practical applications. To address this challenge, the integration of reduced graphene oxide is explored, renowned for its excellent conductivity, with α‐MnO2. This integration enhances the stability and conductivity of the composite structure. The reduction of graphene oxide is achieved through a hydrothermal method, facilitating the wrapping of reduced graphene oxide around α‐MnO2 nanorods. This synthesis approach not only saves energy but also aligns with the intended green approach. In this study, the impact of varying the hydrothermal reaction time on the properties of hydrothermally wrapped reduced graphene oxide on 1D α‐MnO2 (HWGOM) is investigated as a cathode material for ZIBs. A series of samples are prepared with hydrothermal reaction times of 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively. Specifically, HWGOM_6 demonstrates a highest specific capacity of 333 mAh g−1 at the current density of 200 mA g−1, along with remarkable cycling stability, retaining 94.3% of its capacity and achieving a coulombic efficiency of 97% over 500 cycles at a constant current density of 500 mA g−1.
Utility of cerebrovascular imaging biomarkers to detect cerebral amyloidosis
Authors: Howe Matthew D. , Caruso Megan R. , Manoochehri Masood , Kunicki Zachary J. , Emrani Sheina , Rudolph James L. , Huey Edward D. , Salloway Stephen P. , Oh Hwamee ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

The relationship between cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and amyloid beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is understudied. We hypothesized that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based CVD biomarkers—including cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), lacunar infarction, and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs)—would correlate with Aβ positivity on positron emission tomography (Aβ‐PET).

METHODS

We cross‐sectionally analyzed data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, N = 1352). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs), with Aβ‐PET positivity as the standard‐of‐truth.

RESULTS

Following adjustment, WMHs (OR = 1.25) and superficial CMBs (OR = 1.45) remained positively associated with Aβ‐PET positivity (p < 0.001). Deep CMBs and lacunes exhibited a varied relationship with Aβ‐PET in cognitive subgroups. The combined diagnostic model, which included CVD biomarkers and other accessible measures, significantly predicted Aβ‐PET (pseudo‐R2 = 0.41).

DISCUSSION

The study highlights the translational value of CVD biomarkers in diagnosing AD, and underscores the need for more research on their inclusion in diagnostic criteria. ClinicalTrials.gov: ADNI‐2 (NCT01231971), ADNI‐3 (NCT02854033).

Highlights

Cerebrovascular biomarkers linked to amyloid beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

White matter hyperintensities and cerebral microbleeds reliably predict Aβ‐PET positivity.

Relationships with Aβ‐PET vary by cognitive stage.

Novel accessible model predicts Aβ‐PET status.

Study supports multimodal diagnostic approaches.
Supramolecular Modulation for Selective Mechanochemical Iron‐Catalyzed Olefin Oxidation
Authors: Jiang Chuan , Wu Ye , Zhang Yongjin , Zong Jiawei , Wang Ning , Liu Guohua , Liu Rui , Yu Han
Published: September 2024

The development of a mechanochemical Fe‐catalyzed Wacker oxidation of olefins with a sustainable and benign procedure holds significant promise for industrial applications. However, navigating the intricate interactions inherent in ball‐milling conditions to fine‐tune reaction selectivity remains a formidable challenge. Herein, leveraging the dispersive and/or trapping properties of cyclodextrins, an innovative mechanochemical approach is developed through the integration of cyclodextrins into a Fe‐catalyzed system, enabling a streamlined Wacker oxidation process from simple and/or commercially available alkenes. Our efforts have yielded optimized mechanochemical conditions demonstrating exceptional reactivity and selectivity in generating a diverse array of ketone products, markedly enhancing catalytic efficiency compared to conventional batch methods. Mechanistic investigations have revealed a predominantly Markovnikov‐selective catalytic cycle, effectively minimizing undesired alcohol formation, hydrogenation, and the other competing pathways, boosting both reaction yield and selectivity.
A Strategy for the Formal C−N Cross‐Coupling of Tertiary Amines
Authors: Ledwith Peter R. , Cooney Madelene L. , Bahou Karim A. , García‐Cárceles Javier , Thomson Joshua , Bower John F.
Published: September 2024

We report a strategy for the formal C−N cross‐coupling of tertiary amines via the in situ generation and displacement of N‐acyl ammonium species. Specifically, treatment of diverse tertiary amines with TFAA or chloroformates in the presence of NaI leads to the efficient generation of alkyl iodides, which can be engaged directly in Ni‐catalyzed cross‐couplings. The protocol is applicable to acyclic and cyclic systems, including highly hindered variants. Applications to the late‐stage modification of complex heterocycles are presented.
Radical‐Based Enantioconvergent Reductive Couplings of Racemic Allenes and Aldehydes
Authors: Shen Haigen , Yang Ling , Xu Mingrui , Shi Zhaoxin , Gao Ke , Xia Xiaowen , Wang Zhaobin
Published: September 2024

Transition metal‐catalyzed radical‐based enantioconvergent reactions have become a powerful strategy to synthesize enantiopure compounds from racemic starting materials. However, existing methods primarily address precursors with central chirality, neglecting those with axial chirality. Herein, we describe the enantioconvergent reductive coupling of racemic allenes with aldehydes, facilitated by a photoredox, chromium, and cobalt triple catalysis system. This method selectively affords one product from sixteen possible regio‐ and stereoisomers. The protocol leverages CoIII−H mediated hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) and Cr‐catalyzed radical‐polar crossover for efficient stereoablation of axial chirality and asymmetric addition, respectively. Supported by mechanistic insights from control experiments, deuterium labeling, and DFT calculations, our approach offers synthetic chemists a valuable tool for creating enantioenriched chiral homoallylic alcohols, promising to advance radical‐based strategies for synthesizing complex chiral molecules.
Investigating the impact of water capillary forces on polymer‐substrate adhesion using force spectroscopy
Authors: McClements Jake , Koutsos Vasileios
Published: September 2024

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize how water capillary forces impact polymer‐substrate adhesion in ambient conditions. We analyzed hydrophobic poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene) interacting with mica, silicon, and graphite substrates, each with distinct surface properties. Using polymer‐coated AFM tips/blank substrates, and vice versa, we explored the roles of water capillary forces and polymer‐substrate interactions on adhesion. When force spectroscopy experiments were conducted using polymer‐coated tips, adhesion was the largest on mica due to substantial water capillary forces between the tip and hydrophilic substrate. However, when using a blank tip and polymer‐coated substrates, the adhesion was largest on graphite and smallest on mica. This is because the blank tip interacted with the same hydrophobic polymer film for each experiment; therefore, water capillary forces had an equal magnitude on each substrate, allowing polymer‐substrate interactions to be compared even within ambient conditions. Moreover, single‐chain desorption events were consistently observed in these force‐distance curves since water capillary forces were significantly reduced. This study elucidated several aspects of how water capillary forces impact polymer‐substrate adhesion, which benefits applications reliant on polymer adhesion in ambient conditions and contributes to the fundamental understanding of polymer interface interactions.
A molecular design strategy to develop all‐organic crosslinked polyetherimide film with high discharged energy density at 150°C
Authors: Li Chenyang , Yuan Li , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan
Published: September 2024

Miniaturization and lightweight of power systems urgently ask for polymer dielectrics with high discharged energy density at 150°C. Herein, a molecular design strategy is built to prepare new crosslinkable polyetherimide films (PEIDx, x is the molar ratio of dianhydride to amines) through simultaneously improving the polarization degree and reducing the residual polarization. Thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of PEIDx improve as x increases. PEID0.92 shows the best integrated performances, especially its discharged energy density (5.46 J cm−3, at 10 Hz and 454 MV m−1) is higher than those of reported polymer dielectrics with discharged energy storage at 150°C, and its charge–discharge efficiency is 80.14%. The outstanding energy storage performance of PEID0.92 is attributed to its unique molecular structure. Specifically, the use of nonplanar and low‐alkaline aliphatic cyclic diamine effectively improves the polarization degree of macromolecules; while the crosslinking of alkynyl groups limits the macromolecular movement, thus ensuring high heat resistance and low residual polarization.
Toward the design of highly waterproof‐breathable electrospun nanofiber membrane based on π–π interactions
Authors: Ren Gaihuan , Zhang Yunhe , Nie Gaowei , Li Yiming , Hu Shenpeng , Sun Wen , Li Dongxiang , Cui Zhenhua , Lu Dongxu , Shi Xiaohan , Li Longwei , Yu Hongqin , He Jianxin
Published: September 2024

Waterproof and breathable nanofiber membranes are highly desirable for protective textiles; however, the practical application of nanofiber membranes is limited by fluorine‐containing material addition or complicated post‐treatment. Herein, we reported unique fluorine‐free polyurethane (PU)/poly(styrene‐b‐s‐b‐styrene) (SBS) nanofiber membranes by a facile direct electrospinning. Owing to the addition of SBS, the hydrophobicity, waterproofness, and mechanical properties of PU nanofiber membranes were dramatically enhanced. Furthermore, the highly interconnective channels were constructed after the introduction of SBS into the PU nanofiber membrane, which resulted in enhanced breathability. The enhancement in the comprehensive performance of the PU/SBS composite nanofiber membrane might be attributed to the π–π interactions between SBS and PU. By adjusting the concentration of the PU/SBS, fluorine‐free PU/SBS nanofiber membranes were optimized systematically, exhibiting satisfactory waterproofness (hydrostatic pressure, 47.4 kPa), acceptable breathability (water vapor transition rate, 5.6 kg m−2 d−1), and outstanding mechanical properties (breaking strength, 5.7 MPa; breaking elongation, 387.9%). The PU/SBS‐14 nanofiber membrane is ideal for wearable textiles, especially for outdoor protective clothing, wound dressings, and medical gowns.
What triggers people to buy green products?: Empirical evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Yadav Shivani , Mishra Suyash
Published: September 2024

Escalating awareness of consumers on environmental issues have not translated into demand for green products in emerging economies, resulting in a rising need for further research on green purchasing behaviour. Considering this gap, the current study investigates the association of eco‐label and environmental knowledge with green purchase behaviour, and explores the mediating impact of environmental attitude and green trust. In addition, this study examines the moderating role of perceived price in influencing such behaviour. The proposed research model is empirically tested with data collected from 600 customers in India. The results indicate that eco‐label, environmental knowledge, green trust, and environmental attitude are significantly associated with green purchase behaviour. Further, environmental attitude does not mediate the association between eco‐label and green purchasing behaviour, while this link is partially mediated by green trust. In comparison, environmental attitude plays a partial mediating role between green trust and green purchasing behaviour. Moreover, perceived price moderates the relationship between environmental attitude and green purchase behaviour positively, while negatively moderates the relationship of green purchase behaviour with green trust. The findings help to draw significant implications for environmental and green marketers, along with a better knowledge of the complicated consumer behaviour associated with the purchase of green products, which will ultimately help them to develop more viable green marketing strategies in India. Overall, this research will enhance the green marketing literature by providing insights into how marketers and businesses can trigger the green purchasing by consumers in emerging market.
Perioperative toripalimab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy might improve outcomes in resectable esophageal cancer: an interim analysis of a phase III randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zheng Yan , Liang Guanghui , Yuan Dongfeng , Liu Xianben , Ba Yufeng , Qin Zimin , Shen Sining , Li Zhenxuan , Sun Haibo , Liu Baoxing , Gao Quanli , Li Peng , Wang Zongfei , Liu Shilei , Zhu Jianping , Wang Haoran , Ma Haibo , Liu Zhenzhen , Zhao Fei , Zhang Jun , Zhang He , Wu Daoyuan , Qu Jinrong , Ma Jie , Zhang Peng , Ma Wenjie , Yan Ming , Yu Yongkui , Li Qing , Zhang Jiangong , Xing Wenqun
Published: September 2024

Background

In the era of immunotherapy, neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAIC) for the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is used clinically but lacks of high‐level clinical evidence. This study aimed to compare the safety and long‐term efficacy of NAIC followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) with those of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by MIE.

Methods

A prospective, single‐center, open‐label, randomized phase III clinical trial was conducted at Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either neoadjuvant toripalimab (240 mg) plus paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) + cisplatin (75 mg/m2) (toripalimab group) or paclitaxel + cisplatin alone (chemotherapy group) every 3 weeks for 2 cycles. After surgery, the toripalimab group received toripalimab (240 mg every 3 weeks for up to 6 months). The primary endpoint was event‐free survival (EFS). The pathological complete response (pCR) and overall survival (OS) were key secondary endpoints. Adverse events (AEs) and quality of life were also assessed.

Results

Between May 15, 2020 and August 13, 2021, 252 ESCC patients ranging from T1N1‐3M0 to T2‐3N0‐3M0 were enrolled for interim analysis, with 127 in the toripalimab group and 125 in the chemotherapy group. The 1‐year EFS rate was 77.9% in the toripalimab group compared to 64.3% in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39 to 1.00; P = 0.05). The 1‐year OS rates were 94.1% and 83.0% in the toripalimab and chemotherapy groups, respectively (HR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.97; P = 0.037). The patients in the toripalimab group had a higher pCR rate (18.6% vs. 4.6%; P = 0.001). The rates of postoperative Clavien‐Dindo grade IIIb or higher morbidity were 9.8% in the toripalimab group and 6.8% in the chemotherapy group, with no significant difference observed (P = 0.460). The rates of grade 3 or 4 treatment‐related AEs did not differ between the two groups (12.5% versus 12.4%).

Conclusions

The interim results of this ongoing trial showed that in resectable ESCC, the addition of perioperative toripalimab to NAC is safe, may improve OS and might change the standard treatment in the future.
Tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase‐positive matrix fibroblasts fuel breast cancer lung metastasis via kynurenine‐mediated ferroptosis resistance of metastatic cells and T cell dysfunction
Authors: Liu Yongcan , Chen Shanchun , Wan Xueying , Wang Rui , Luo Haojun , Chang Chao , Dai Peijin , Gan Yubi , Guo Yuetong , Hou Yixuan , Sun Yan , Teng Yong , Cui Xiaojiang , Liu Manran
Published: September 2024

Background

Tumor metastasis is a major threat to cancer patient survival. The organ‐specific niche plays a pivotal role in tumor organotropic metastasis. Fibroblasts serve as a vital component of the metastatic microenvironment, but how heterogeneous metastasis‐associated fibroblasts (MAFs) promote organotropic metastasis is poorly characterized. Here, we aimed to decipher the heterogeneity of MAFs and elucidate the distinct roles of these fibroblasts in pulmonary metastasis formation in breast cancer.

Methods

Mouse models of breast cancer pulmonary metastasis were established using an in vivo selection method of repeated injections of metastatic cells purified from the mouse lung. Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was employed to investigate the heterogeneity of MAFs. Transgenic mice were used to examine the contribution of tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase‐positive matrix fibroblasts (TDO2+ MFs) in lung metastasis.

Results

We uncovered 3 subtypes of MAFs in the lung metastatic microenvironment, and their transcriptome profiles changed dynamically as lung metastasis evolved. As the predominant subtype, MFs were exclusively marked by platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) and mainly located on the edge of the metastasis, and T cells were enriched around MFs. Notably, high MF signatures were significantly associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients. Lung metastases were markedly diminished, and the suppression of T cells was dramatically attenuated in MF‐depleted experimental metastatic mouse models. We found that TDO2+ MFs controlled pulmonary metastasis by producing kynurenine (KYN), which upregulated ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) level in disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), enabling DTCs to resist ferroptosis. Moreover, TDO2+ MF‐secreted chemokines C‐C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8) and C‐C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) recruited T cells. TDO2+ MF‐derived KYN induced T cell dysfunction. Conditional knockout of Tdo2 in MFs diminished lung metastasis and enhanced immune activation.

Conclusions

Our study reveals crucial roles of TDO2+ MFs in promoting lung metastasis and DTCs’ immune evasion in the metastatic niche. It suggests that targeting the metabolism of lung‐specific stromal cells may be an effective treatment strategy for breast cancer patients with lung metastasis.
Fortunefuroic Acid J from Keteleeria Hainanensis and its Dual Inhibitory Effects on ATP‐Citrate Lyase and Acetyl‐CoA Carboxylase.
Authors: Zhao Ze‐Yu , Zang Yi , Li Jia , Choo Yeun‐Mun , Xiong Juan , Hu Jin‐Feng
Published: September 2024

A previously undescribed triterpenoid (fortunefuroic acid J, 1) was isolated from the endangered conifer Keteleeria hainanensis, along with 20 other known terpenoids. Compound 1 is characterized by an unusual 3,4‐seco‐9βH‐lanost‐3‐oic acid motif, featuring a rare furoic acid moiety in its lateral chain. The structure elucidation of this compound was achieved through a combination of spectroscopic and computational methods. The C‐15 epimers of 15‐methoxypinusolidic acid (15R‐8 and 15S‐9) were successfully separated and identified for the first time. Compound 1 demonstrated dual inhibitory effects against ATP‐citrate lyase (ACL, IC50: 0.92 μM) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1, IC50: 10.76 μM). Compounds 2 and 11 exclusively inhibited ACL, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.64 and 6.35 μM, respectively. Compound 1 is classified among the fortunefuroic acid‐type compounds, previously isolated from K. fortunei, distinguished by the presence of a rare furoic acid moiety in their lateral chain. The chemotaxonomic significance of the 9βH‐lanost‐26‐oic acids in Keteleeria was briefly discussed. These findings highlight the importance of conserving plant species diversity, thereby enhancing the exploration of structurally diverse compounds and potential avenues for developing new therapeutics targeting ACL/ACC1‐associated diseases.
Essential Oils from the Leaves and Stem Barks of Pluchea Indica (L.) Less.: Chemical Analysis, Cytotoxicity, Anti‐inflammation, Antimicrobial Activity, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Profiling
Authors: Trang Vu Minh , Son Ninh The , Pham Ty Viet , Giang Phan Minh
Published: September 2024

Pluchea indica (L.) Less. is a medicinal plant native to Asia. Traditionally, it is known for numerous traditional uses, such as treatments for fever, cough, and digestive issues. The present investigation aims to determine the chemical compositions of essential oils from its fresh leaves and stem barks. By using hydro‐distillation and the GC‐FID/MS (gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry) analysis, the studied samples were dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (76.8–82.2 %) and their oxygenated derivatives (8.4–19.0 %). β‐Selinene (42.0–43.5 %) and silphinene (21.1–22.9 %) were the main compounds. Significantly, the stem bark essential oil strongly monitored the growth of four cancer cell lines K562, HeLa, HepG2, and MCF‐7 with IC50 values of 2.89–7.34 μg/mL. Both studied samples showed strong anti‐inflammatory activity against NO (nitric oxide) production with IC50 values of 21.81–23.18 μg/mL. The studied sample also exhibited antimicrobial activity at different levels. The molecular docking study revealed that β‐selinene exhibited the strongest binding affinity for all four cancer‐related protein targets: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Abelson tyrosine–protein kinase 1 (ABL1), and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3 K‐α). The ADMET profiles of the major compounds were also predicted to provide insights for further research considerations.
Check the Facts Step by Step
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

Nicki, an adolescent with OCD and chronic emotion dysregulation, was eating pizza with her mother and her mother's friend, Alex. Alex, who was unaware of Nicki's OCD, made a comment during dinner about the pizza's ingredients, a topic that triggers Nicki's OCD obsessions involving unjustified fears of contamination leading to illness/death. In response, Nicki's mother asked Alex to “please stop talking about the ingredients because it is going to upset Nicki.”
The evolution of our understanding of mitral regurgitation
Authors: Carabello Blase
Published: September 2024

Key points

Not all mitral regurgitation (MR) is created equal.

There is wide variability of MR practice across the country.

A new system is proposed the combines abnormal leaflet motion with the mitral segments involved.
Left atrial septal pouch thrombus: An unusual cause of an embolic stroke
Authors: Bhave Aditya , Patel Aditya , Patel Raag , Barmore Walker , Siddu Mithilesh , Switzer Jeffrey , Yirerong Juliet , Sharma Gyanendra
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Left‐atrial septal pouch (LASP) is a newly described anatomical variant caused by incomplete fusion of the septa primum and secundum. This case visualizes LASP as a potential nidus for blood stasis and cardiac embolism and highlights the need for consideration of TEE in the work up of cryptogenic stroke.
Tuning Electrode and Separator Sizes For Enhanced Performance of Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors
Authors: Paolini Daniele , Antony Lintymol , Seeta Rama Raju Ganji , Kuzmak Andrij , Verkholyak Taras , Kondrat Svyatoslav
Published: September 2024

An electrical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) comprises two porous electrodes sandwiching an electrolyte‐permeable separator, which prevents the electrodes from short‐circuiting. While previous studies have mainly focused on electrolyte and electrode properties of EDLCs, the device configuration in terms of electrode and separator sizes received less attention, with separators often simplistically modelled as infinitely large reservoirs of ions. Herein, we investigate how the relationship between electrode and separator thicknesses impacts EDLC charging. We find that the assumption of bulk reservoir holds only under specific conditions. Moreover, we identify a tradeoff between stored energy density and pressure variations within the separator, potentially jeopardizing the EDLC durability. We also explore the influence of ionic liquid additives on EDLC charging. While prior research has shown that trace amounts of uncharged additives with strong electrode affinity can significantly enhance energy storage, we observe this effect as negligible for electrodes and separators of comparable sizes. Instead, we show how to optimize EDLC performance by fine‐tuning the concentration of additives and separator‐to‐electrode size ratio to maximize stored energy density.
Sterically Hindered Derivatives of Pentacene and Octafluoropentacene
Authors: Schroeder Zachary W. , Rezghi Rami Parisa , Adam Matthias , Ferguson Michael J. , Hampel Frank , Tykwinski Rik R.
Published: September 2024

6,13‐Diethynylpentacene derivatives with sterically bulky substituents (Tr*, tris(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)methyl groups) appended to the ethynyl moieties at the 6‐ and 13‐positions have been synthesized, as well as derivatives with electron‐withdrawing fluorine groups on the 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11‐positions. These molecules are designed to investigate relationships between steric and electronic effects on the stability of pentacene toward endoperoxide formation via reaction with photosensitized oxygen in solution under ambient light (i. e., ‘laboratory’ conditions). It is evident from the study that stabilization through changes to the electronic characteristics of pentacene are more effective than the incorporation of sterically bulky groups at the acetylenic termini. Selected pentacene derivatives have been made into binary, amorphous films with the fullerene derivative PCBM to investigate the stability imparted by substituents against cycloaddition reactions. Overall, the introduction of steric protection through the incorporation of Tr* groups is not an efficient strategy for enhancing the persistence of pentacenes. Stabilization through fluorination proves successful for extending the lifetime of the pentacene derivatives by an order of magnitude in solution. Notably, the persistence of pentacene derivatives in solution can also be enhanced through the use of ethereal solvents stabilized with butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and/or an increased number of trialkylsilyl groups as substituents.
Adjusting the Number of Functional Groups in Vicinal Bis(trichlorosilylated) Benzenes
Authors: Schmidt Moritz , Gilmer Jannik , Virovets Alexander , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias
Published: September 2024

Organo(chloro)silanes are essential chemicals, but the synthesis of compounds of the formula RnSiCl4−n with defined values of n is usually laborious. Herein, we first disclose that a [4+2]‐cycloaddition between readily available Cl3SiC≡CSiCl3 and selected dienes provides facile access to vicinal bis(trichlorosilylated) benzenes and bicyclo[2.2.2]octa‐2,5‐dienes. Second, we show how the number of six Si−Cl bonds in 1,2‐(Cl3Si)2C6H2Me2 (1) can be selectively reduced to four or two by reaction with pinacol (H2pin) or catechol (H2cat), which act as Si⋅⋅⋅Si’‐bridging and/or Si‐chelating ligands. Third, we demonstrate that the thermolysis of compound 6, which contains a benzannulated eight‐membered C2(SiCl2)2(μ‐pin) ring with Si⋅⋅⋅Si’‐bridging pin moiety, furnishes 13 with a benzannulated five‐membered C2(SiCl2)2O ring via the release of pinacolone. Such cyclic disiloxanes are valuable building blocks for specialty silicones; an alternative assembly of the Si−O−Si unit by controlled hydrolysis of 1 is not feasible if the four valuable Si−Cl functionalities are to be retained for further derivatization. Substitution of one Cl atom per Si site of 13 gives the rac‐1,3‐disila‐2‐oxaindane rac‐15 with high selectivity.
Effect of mixed metal oxide‐based catalysts for the removal of hydrophobic phthalates from water
Authors: Farissi Salman , Aswin Peringai , Muthukumar Anbazhagi , Sakthivel Ayyamperumal , Muthuchamy Muthukumar
Published: September 2024

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous, toxic and persistent in aquatic environments. Current study explored mixed metal oxide catalysts derived from magnesium aluminium (MAH), magnesium aluminium ruthenium (MAR‐H), magnesium aluminium nickel (MANH) hydroxides and copper aluminium hydroxides of ammonium (CAM‐Am) and sodium molybdate (CAM‐Na) to remove dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di‐2‐ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) from water. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies of the catalysts before and after the treatment showed that their structures were stable and robust. During Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies, vibrational bands or peaks of ester and alkane functional groups of DBP and DEHP were observed at all the catalysts after treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed phthalate adsorption at the five catalysts. Hydrolysis of DBP and DEHP was observed during treatment using CAM‐Am and CAM‐Na that was analysed and quantified using total organic carbon (TOC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). From TOC analyses, optimal conditions of 500 mg L−1 catalyst dosage and 30 h treatment time were deduced for catalytic hydrolysis of DBP and DEHP. Present study illustrated that the catalysts MAH and MANH can adsorb PAEs while CAM‐Na can adsorb and hydrolyse them.
Collective effect of Vigna sp. (mung) tubulin GTP hydrolysis rate divergence on microtubule filament assembly
Authors: Basu Jashaswi , Athale Chaitanya A.
Published: September 2024

Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic cytoskeletal filaments with highly conserved sequences across evolution, polymerizing by the GTP‐dependent assembly of tubulin subunits. Despite the sequence conservation, MT polymerization kinetics diverge quantitatively between vertebrate brain, the model plant Arabidopsis and the protozoan Plasmodium. Previously, tubulin purified from seedlings of the plant Vigna sp. (mung) by temperature cycling was found to have a very low critical concentration. However, the lengths of MTs were sub‐micron, much shorter than brain tubulin filaments. This was explained in simulations to be the result of the collective effect of high nucleation and GTP hydrolysis rates. Here, we test the effect of GTPase rates of affinity‐purified Vigna sp. tubulin on microtubule polymerization and elongation. Affinity‐purified mung tubulin is active and has a critical concentration of .37 μM. The GTP‐dependent polymerization kinetics are transient, consistent with previous results. Polymerization is stabilized in the presence of either GTP analog GMPPNP (non‐hydrolyzable) or GMPCPP (slow‐hydrolyzable). Using interference reflection microscopy (IRM) we find polymerization with the non‐hydrolysable analog significantly increases filament numbers, while lengths are unaffected for both GTP analogs. However, prolonged incubation with slow‐hydrolyzable GMPCPP results in long filaments, pointing to GTP hydrolysis as a key factor determining MT length. We find the average GTPase turnover number of mung tubulin is 22.8 min−1, compared to 2.04 min−1 for goat brain tubulin. Thus modulating GTPase rates affects both nucleation and elongation. This quantitative divergence in kinetics despite high sequence conservation in the GTPase domains of α‐ and β‐tubulin could help better understand the roles of selective pressure and function in the diverse organisms.
Textile color formulation methods: A literature review
Authors: Chaouch Sabrine , Moussa Ali , Ladhari Neji
Published: September 2024

Color has become an essential element in our communication and our judgment on products. In textile, the formulation of any color is an essential process to ensure color continuity from the master standard to all subsequent production batches. Indeed, the objective is to normalize its reproduction all along the color reproduction procedure. In the literature, researches concerning textile color formulation are important, so this review focuses on these different techniques and methods of color matching for dye mixtures and precolored fiber blends. This step involves determining the dyes or fibers to use (alone or in mixtures) and their appropriate proportions to reproduce the wanted colors. The main techniques used for dye mixtures are based on colorimetric, spectrophotometric, and artificial intelligence techniques. While for precolored fiber mixtures the used techniques are dived into theoretical and experimental models. In addition to the review of these different techniques, a quantitative analysis was carried out.
Na3Zr2Si2PO12‐Polymer Composite Electrolyte for Solid State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Tiwari Anurag , Kumar Singh Rajendra
Published: September 2024

The integration of the flexibility of organic polymer electrolyte and high ionic conductivity of the ceramic electrolyte is attempted in search of efficient and safer battery. Composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) provides high ionic conductivity with a sustainable thin film of electrolyte having the synergistic effect of ionic liquid and active inorganic filler. The CSPE is synthesized by the solution cast technique using Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) as ceramic and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) with Salt‐Ionic liquid as polymer electrolyte. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of CSPE includes amorphous nature due to the polymer part as well as crystalline peaks of ceramic NZSP, simultaneously. The prepared CSPE sample shows homogeneous and interconnected surface morphology is observed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows electrolyte is thermally stable up to 200 °C and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals decrease in degree of crystallinity due to NZSP addition in the CSPE. By complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS), room temperature ionic conductivity of the prepared CSPE is found ~1.03 mS/cm. The dielectric behaviour of the prepared electrolyte is also studied to investigate the ion dynamics within the sample. The cationic transference number is 0.53 and the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of the CSPE is 4.9 V which is suitable for sodium solid‐state batteries applications.
Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging
Authors: Phoon Colin K.L. , Aristizábal Orlando , Farhoud Mohammed , Turnbull Daniel H. , Wadghiri Youssef Z.
Published: September 2024

The mouse is the mammalian model of choice for investigating cardiovascular biology, given our ability to manipulate it by genetic, pharmacologic, mechanical, and environmental means. Imaging is an important approach to phenotyping both function and structure of cardiac and vascular components. This review details commonly used imaging approaches, with a focus on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, with brief overviews of other imaging modalities. In this update, we also emphasize the importance of rigor and reproducibility in imaging approaches, experimental design, and documentation. Finally, we briefly outline emerging imaging approaches but caution that reliability and validity data may be lacking. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
13C‐Labelled Glucose Reveals Shifts in Fermentation Pathway During Cathodic Electro‐Fermentation with Mixed Microbial Culture
Authors: Salvatori Gaia , Giampaoli Ottavia , Marchetti Angela , Miccheli Alfredo , Virdis Bernardino , Sciubba Fabio , Villano Marianna
Published: September 2024

Cathodic Electro‐Fermentation (CEF) is an innovative approach to manage the spectrum of products deriving from anaerobic fermentation. Herein, mixed microbial culture fermentation using a ternary mixture containing labelled 13C glucose and non‐labelled acetate and ethanol was studied to identify the role of polarization on the metabolic pathways of glucose fermentation. CEF at an applied potential of −700 mV (vs. SHE, Standard Hydrogen Electrode) enhanced the production yield of acetate, propionate, and butyrate (0.90±0.10, 0.22±0.03, and 0.34±0.05 mol/mol; respectively) compared to control tests performed at open circuit potential (OCP) (0.54±0.09, 0.15±0.04, and 0.20±0.001 mol/mol, respectively). Results indicate that CEF affected the 13C labelled fermented product levels and their fractional 13C enrichments, allowing to establish metabolic pathway models. This work demonstrates that, under cathodic polarization, the abundance of both fully 13C labelled propionate and butyrate isotopomers increased compared to control tests. The effect of CEF is mainly due to intermediates initially produced from the glucose metabolic transformation in the presence of non‐labelled acetate and ethanol as external substrates. These findings represent a significant advancement in current knowledge of CEF, which offers a promising tool to control mixed cultures bioprocesses.
Studying the Effect of Operating Conditions and NO2 Cathode Contamination on PEM Fuel Cells Using Distribution Function of Relaxation Times Analysis
Authors: Khalaily W. , Bhowmick S. , Tsur Y.
Published: September 2024

The effect of NO2, an air pollutant, on the durability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and the affected electrochemical processes in the PEMFC following the contamination were investigated. In‐situ Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted on PEMFCs under different operating conditions of temperature and relative humidity (RH). NO2 was introduced to the cathode inlet flow. Analyses of the EIS measurements were performed using a genetic algorithm called ISGP (Impedance Spectroscopy by Genetic Programming) to obtain the distribution function of relaxation times (DFRT, a.k.a. DRT) models. Utilizing ISGP enabled us to differentiate the various phenomena in PEMFC and study how they are affected by NO2 contamination. Moreover, the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the mitigation method to flush the PEMFC and regenerate its performance after being contaminated, particularly at low operating temperatures. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) technique is performed on the contaminated PEMFC to detect the presence of any nitrogen components in the FC′s gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer post the mitigation step. Cyclic Voltammetry is also performed on the contaminated cell to determine the effect of the contamination on the electrochemically active surface area of the cathode by evaluating the double‐layer capacitance.
The influence of the disturbing effect of roadways through faults on the faults' stability and slip characteristics
Authors: Lu Shuaifeng , Chan Andrew , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Shanyong , Wan Zhijun , Cheng Jingyi
Published: September 2024

In order to mitigate the risk of geological disasters induced by fault activation when roadways intersect reverse faults in coal mining, this paper uses a combination of mechanical models with PFC2D software. A mechanical model is introduced to represent various fault angles, followed by a series of PFC2D loading and unloading tests to validate the model and investigate fault instability and crack propagation under different excavation rates and angles. The results show that (1) the theoretical fault model, impacted by roadway advancing, shows a linear reduction in horizontal stress at a rate of −2.01 MPa/m, while vertical stress increases linearly at 4.02 MPa/m. (2) At field excavation speeds of 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, and 9.6 m/day, the vertical loading rates for the model are 2.23, 4.47, 6.70, and 8.93 Pa/s, respectively. (3) Roadway advancement primarily causes tensile‐compressive failures in front of the roadway, with a decrease in tensile cracks as the stress rate increases. (4) An increase in the fault angle leads to denser cracking on the fault plane, with negligible cracking near the fault itself. The dominant crack orientation is approximately 90°, aligned with the vertical stress.