bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mouse liver injury induces hepatic macrophage FGF23 production
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Liu Yunshan , Shen Yang , Maher Jacquelyn J. , Cingolani Francesca , Czaja Mark J.
Published: March 2022

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone marrow cell produced hormone that functions in the intestine and kidney to regulate phosphate homeostasis. Increased serum FGF23 is a well-established predictor of mortality in renal disease, but recent findings linking increased levels to hepatic and cardiac diseases have suggested that other organs are sources of FGF23 or targets of its effects. The potential ability of the liver to produce FGF23 in response to hepatocellular injury was therefore examined. Very low levels of Fgf23 mRNA and FGF23 protein were detected in normal mouse liver, but the amounts increased markedly during acute liver injury from the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride. Serum levels of intact FGF23 were elevated during liver injury from carbon tetrachloride. Chronic liver injury induced by a high fat diet or elevated bile acids also increased hepatic FGF23 levels. Stimulation of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-driven inflammation by gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) underlies many forms of liver injury, and LPS induced Fgf23 in the liver as well as in other organs. The LPS-inducible cytokines IL-1β and TNF increased hepatic Fgf23 expression as did a TLR2 agonist Pam2CSK3. Analysis of Fgf23 expression and FGF23 secretion in different hepatic cell types involved in liver injury identified the resident liver macrophage or Kupffer cell as a source of hepatic FGF23. LPS and cytokines selectively induced the hormone in these cells but not in hepatocytes or hepatic stellate cells. FGF23 failed to exert any autocrine effect on the inflammatory state of Kupffer cells but did trigger proinflammatory activation of hepatocytes. During liver injury inflammatory factors induce Kupffer cell production of FGF23 that may have a paracrine proinflammatory effect on hepatocytes. Liver-produced FGF23 may have systemic hormonal effects as well that influence diseases in in other organs.
Prophylactic effects of probiotics or synbiotics on postoperative ileus after gastrointestinal cancer surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tang Gang , Huang Wang , Tao Jie , Wei Zhengqiang
Published: March 2022

Background

Postoperative ileus is a major problem following gastrointestinal cancers surgery, several randomized controlled trials have been conducted investigating the use of probiotics or synbiotics to reduce postoperative ileus, but their findings are controversial.

Objective

We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effect of probiotics or synbiotics on early postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods

The Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of probiotics or synbiotics on postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function as of April 27, 2021. Outcomes included the time to first flatus, time to first defecation, days to first solid diet, days to first fluid diet, length of postoperative hospital stay, incidence of abdominal distension and incidence of postoperative ileus. The results were reported as the mean difference (MD) and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

A total of 21 RCTs, involving 1776 participants, were included. Compared with the control group, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation resulted in a shorter first flatus (MD, -0.53 days), first defecation (MD, -0.78 days), first solid diet (MD, -0.25 days), first fluid diet (MD, -0.29 days) and postoperative hospital stay (MD, -1.43 days). Furthermore, Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation reduced the incidence of abdominal distension (RR, 0.62) and incidence of postoperative ileus (RR, 0.47).

Conclusion

Perioperative supplementation of probiotics or synbiotics can effectively promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after gastrointestinal cancer surgery.
Cistanche promotes the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
Authors: Zhang Ping , Su Le , Ji Xiuyu , Ma Feifan , Yue Qiulin , Zhao Chen , Zhang Song , Sun Xin , Li Kunlun , Zhao Lin
Published: March 2022

Cistanche deserticola Ma (cistanche) is a traditional herb with a wide range of therapeutic properties. However, no evidence of cistanche’s effect on adipogenesis has been found. The effect of cistanche that promotes the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was proved by using MTT spectrophotometry, Nile Red staining, Oil Red O staining and transcriptome sequencing technology. The mRNA level of key transcription factors for adipogenesis such as PPAR, AP2 and LPL were examined by RT-PCR. The results showed that the intracellular lipid content in cistanche treated cells were notably increased when compared with the non-treated cells. Between the differentiation and cistanche treated groups, the expression of adipogenesis related genes such as grow hormone releasing hormone (Ghrp), BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3 (Bnip3) and Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (Gipr) were significantly increased. Our findings also verified that cistanche promoted adipogenesis, which was accompanied by up-regulated level of Bnip3 and PPAR. This study could uncover new signaling pathways involved in adipogenesis regulation.
Maximising sustainable nutrient production from coupled fisheries-aquaculture systems
Authors: Willer David F. , Robinson James P. W. , Patterson Grace T. , Luyckx Karen
Published: March 2022

Aquaculture expansion is expected to meet growing demand for sustainable animal-source foods. Yet marine-fed species already require millions of tonnes of wild-caught fish for feed, over 90% of which are nutritious food-grade species. Allocating feed fish for human consumption could reduce pressure on marine resources while increasing seafood production. We examine micronutrient flows (the transfer of micronutrients from feed to fish) in Scotland’s farmed salmon industry, which is particularly reliant on marine feeds, to show that 1–49% of essential dietary minerals and fatty acids available in wild fish are retained in farmed salmon. Using three alternative production scenarios we show that reducing marine feeds in salmon production and allocating wild-caught feed fish for human consumption could produce more nutritious seafood and leave 66–82% of feed fish in the sea. Using global data on marine-fed aquaculture production, we show that removing wild-caught fish from salmonid production could leave 3.7 Mt fish in the sea while increasing global seafood production by 6.1 Mt.
Development of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in some Egyptian veterinary farms
Authors: Samy A. A. , Mansour Asmaa S. , Khalaf Doaa D. , Khairy Eman A.
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Food of animal origin is considered a major source of foodborne diseases. In this context, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli pose a serious hazard to public health due to the consumption of food contaminated with antibiotics that are used for the treatment of various bacterial infections in farm animals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of the excessive use of antibiotics on the development of MDR E. coli strains in Egyptian poultry, dairy, and meat farms.

Materials and Methods: A total of 1225 samples were randomly collected from poultry, dairy, and meat products intended for human consumption in different governorates. E. coli were isolated from the collected samples and subjected to biochemical identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests with antibiotics commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. Then, amoxicillin (AML)- and oxytetracycline (OT)-resistant E. coli isolates were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction test to detect the blaTEM and tetA genes, respectively.

Results: E. coli were isolated from 132 out of 350, 148 out of 350, 177 out of 350, and 35 out of 175 poultry, milk, meat, and human samples, respectively. Most of the isolates expressed multidrug resistance, and resistance genes (blaTEM and tetA) were detected in all the tested AML- and OT-resistant E. coli isolates.

Conclusion: Foods of animal origin may represent a source of MDR E. coli, which can be a major threat to public health.
An investigation of heavy metals in edible bird's nest from Indonesia using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Wahyuni Dede Sri , Latif Hadri , Sudarwanto Mirnawati B. , Basri Chaerul , Thong Daniel
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: In 2020, Indonesia, which has the highest global production of edible bird's nest (EBNs), exported up to 1312.5 tons of this product at a value of USD 540.4 million. Recently, food safety aspects related to EBNs, including contamination with heavy metals, have become a serious concern. However, data on the presence and concentration of heavy metals in EBNs in Indonesia are not yet available. This study aimed to determine and compare the presence and concentrations of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and tin (Sn) in EBNs originating from several primary Indonesian islands. The study also analyzed the effect of washing on the heavy metal content in EBNs.

Materials and Methods: A study on 44 swiftlet farmhouses (SFHs) was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in EBNs. The number of samples from the SFHs was allocated proportionally to the main EBN-producing islands in Indonesia, that is, Kalimantan, Sumatera, Sulawesi, and Java (22, 13, 7, and 2, respectively). The concentrations of the above five elements in the samples before washing (raw–unclean EBNs) and after washing (raw–clean EBNs) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Washing was conducted according to the general procedures at an EBN processing plant.

Results: The raw–unclean EBNs from the four islands contained As, Pb, Cd, and Sn at varying concentrations. However, Hg was not detected in the raw–unclean EBN samples from Sulawesi. The raw–unclean EBNs from Kalimantan had lower concentrations of Pb and Cd compared with the other islands. The concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, and Sn in the EBNs decreased significantly after washing with clean water.

Conclusion: Heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Sn) were detected at a low level in most of the raw–unclean EBNs originating from the main Indonesian island where they were produced. The concentrations of all the heavy metals reviewed in the raw–unclean EBNs samples decreased significantly after washing.
Subconcepts «Father» and «Mother» in the Traditional Linguistic Culture of the North Angara River Basin
Authors: Smirnov Evgeny
Published: February 2022

The article is about the structure of subconcepts «father» and «mother», as well as the linguistic means of representing their conceptual, figurative and value layers. Subconcepts under research are included in the structure of the linguistic cultural concept «family», which is one of the basic concepts in the traditional linguistic culture of the North Angara river basin. The sources of the study are cultural oral texts recorded from residents of the North Angara river basin (Kezhemsky, Bogychansky and Motyginsky districts of Krasnoyarsk region). The topically of the study is determined by some facts: it is conducted within communicative-discursive paradigm of modern linguistics; insufficient knowledge of the content and structure of the linguistic cultural concept «family» in the regional linguistic culture; sociocultural significance of the traditional linguistic culture research of the North Angara river basin. In the course of the study, it was found that the conceptual and value layers are most clearly explicated in the analyzed texts. A positive assessment prevails in the value layers of the subconcepts «father» and «mother». Results of the research broaden the empirical basis of psycholinguoculturological, linguoculturology and communicative dialectology and other related sciences.
Model of a Linguistic Personality as a Native Speaker of Dialogical Linguistic Ability
Authors: Skubiev Elena , Shpilnaya Nadezhda
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of modeling a dialogical linguistic personality. Modeling is conducted with the help of hypothetical-deductive method. The authors make an attempt to solve the contradiction that has developed in modern linguistics, which consists in the fact that, on the one hand, traditional models of a linguistic personality reconstruct that personality as a creator of a monologue statement, and on the other hand, a dialogue unity is recognized as a real unit of communication, since communication is carried out in the form of a dialogue. The article describes a four-level model of a dialogic linguistic personality, consisting of the following levels: superficial understanding of a speech work in order to create a response text, interpretive, modus and intertextual levels. The units of description of the mentioned above structural levels are illustrated by the Internet comments of one linguistic personality to news articles published on the website of the Bankfax news agency.
Emotional Constituent of the Category of Tense and the Category of Aspect (Based on the Lyrics of English Songs)
Authors: Irina Shirokikh
Published: February 2022

I.A. Shirokikh. Emotional Constituent of the Category of Tense and the Category of Aspect (Based on the Lyrics of English Songs). The article deals with two most important grammatical categories of the English language: the category of Tense and the category of Aspect. The author of the article offers theories about these grammatical categories, provided by foreign linguists. The theoretical aspects are proved with the examples from English songs, performed by the band The 1975. While writing lyrics, the author of the songs uses this or that Tense, Simple or Continuous Aspect, having a definite idea in his mind. It is the emotions he wants to present to the audience that determine the author’s choice. Any deviation from grammar norms / realization of syntagmatic meanings of a grammatical category creates some emotional effect, realization of emotional constituent of a definite grammatical category. Matty Healy, the author of the lyrics, implements this device and the examples given in the article prove that. Thus, the research combines theoretical background of the category of Tense and the category of Aspect, still debated by Russian and foreign linguists, as well as presentation of the two categories realization in the English song lyrics.
Emotional Dominance as a Structural Factor of the Translation
Authors: Dyachenko Irina , Malinovskaya Tatiana
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the role of some factors that regulate the perception and understanding of the text. Extralinguistic factors are considered less-studied which makes the analysis presented in the article quite relevant. Modern science actualizes the interconnection of affective and cognitive processes of a person. Emotions play an important role in all types of man’s activity. Translation is one of the types of speech activity and is influenced by the general rules of psychic activity. Besides, translation is regulated by emotions. The level of a foreign text perception depends on the nearness of the emotional and the conceptual systems of the original and the translation text authors.  Emotions are presented in the text by language units. They also actualize its meanings. The emotions of the fiction text author are of the paramount importance. The leading emotion builds its emotional dominance while the dependent emotions represent the emotional dominance modification.
The Concept of "Altai-Kizhi/Altaian" as a Reflection of National Identity in the Altaian Literature
Authors: Tozyyakova Ekaterina , Grebennikova Natalia
Published: February 2022

Modern Altaian literature has a wide range of possibilities for representing ethnic and national mentality due to the fact that ethno-cultural elements are its organic part. The article examines the ethno-concept "Altai-Kizhi / Altaian", through the prism of which the specifics of the national identity of the indigenous people of the Altai Mountains are described. Based on the creative work of the Altai poets and writers (B. Bedyurov, B. Ukachin, P. Samyk, G. Kondakov), the authors have traced from which elements the ethnoconcept is formed and what meanings it represents in the Altai literature. The content of the ethnoconcept is a complex set of meanings, connected, on the one hand, with the universal semantics of the concept of "man", on the other hand, with the constant of the national character and mentality. In general, in the texts of the Altaian literature, "Altai-Kizhi / Altaian" represents the universal meaning of a person in general and at the same time acts as a constant of the national character and mentality.
Simple Rheoscopic Flows Used in Teaching Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Duda Daniel , Yanovych V. , Uruba V.
Published: March 2022

Four simple demonstration experiments are presented. They are used as a support in the teaching of Fluid Mechanics I (a compulsory lecture at the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen). All mentioned experiments use the rheoscopic fluid obtained as a water solution of mica powder to visualize the flow in a esthetic way, which, as we hope, has a potential to attract students attention. The experiments are: demonstration of Bernoulli equation in a widening and narrowing channel, Taylor-Couette flow, the effect of viscosity to the scales and decay of turbulence, and the Galilean transformation inside an axial compressor.
Experimental Validation of Granular Flow Kinetic Theory Under Turbulent Flow Conditions
Authors: Haidl J. , Chára Z. , Matoušek V.
Published: March 2022

The mixed classical and extended kinetic theory of granular flows is used for modeling the characteristics of particles-water turbulent sheet flow. The open-source solver sedFoam v3.1 is used for the 1-D and 2-D flow simulations. The simulation results are compared to the experimental data measured in the open channel. After that, the simulation parameters are optimized to achieve the best possible agreement between the simulation and the experimental results. The unsatisfactory performance of the KT models and the observed simulation instabilities are discussed.
Assessment of Various Converging Inlet Nozzles for Wind Tunnel Using CFD
Authors: Kosiak P. , Radnic T. , Mamula M. , Hála J. , Šimurda D. , Luxa M.
Published: March 2022

A new calibration tunnel intended for pressure probe calibration is being designed at the Aerodynamic Laboratory of the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IT CAS). A critical part of the design is the converging nozzle since it can substantially affect the resulting flow field in the test section. Three types of nozzles were chosen for the CFD investigation: two-sine, Vitoshinski, and Vagt. For each type of nozzle, two configurations were considered: long (645 mm) and short (353mm). Flow of the viscous, compressible fluid through all the variants was simulated using Ansys CFX commercial software. Results proved the Vagt nozzle to have the most uniform velocity profile and zero curvature at its end making it the most suitable for the intended use.
On Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems by Discontinuous Galerkin and Finite Volume Techniques
Authors: Winter O. , Sváček P.
Published: March 2022

This work focuses on application of a high-order accurate scheme for coupled fluid-structure interaction problems. A simpli ed mathematical model is considered consisting of the Navier-Stokes equations describing the compressible fluid flow and the equation of motion describing the movement of a structure. The fluid flow is discretized using a discontinuous Galerkin method on unstructured triangular meshes, and the structure uses high-order explicit Runge-Kutta method. Results obtained by presented scheme and OpenFOAM's implementation of a finite volume scheme are compared.
(In)visible Acts of Resistance in the Twilight of the Franco Regime
Authors: Morcillo Aurora G.
Published: March 2022

Which everyday practices allowed women to sustain and fulfill individuality and agency under dictatorial rule? This book adds to a rich scholarship on the history of late Francoism and the transition to democracy in Modern Spain through the lens of oral history and life writing. Aurora Morcillo tells the stories of anonymous individuals from both student and working class backgrounds - crucial sites of active resistance against the dictatorship at the time - and provides an interdisciplinary feminist analysis of the inevitable modernization of Spain in the 1960s and 1970s. This study uncovers a Deleuzian rendition of historical unfolding/becoming rather than simply being a collection of oral histories: a historical narration which proposes to be a creative historical ontology.
Wissenstheorie
Authors: Fiedler Marina
Published: March 2022

Marina Fiedler widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage nach den Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden menschlicher und KI-basierter Entscheidungsfindung. Gemeinsam ist sowohl dem menschlichen als auch dem KI-basierten Entscheidungsprozess, dass die getroffenen Entscheidungen nicht unbedingt erklärbar sind. Beim menschlichen Entscheidungsprozess ist das in der Veränderung der Natur des Wissens begründet. So kann der Mensch zwar versuchen, seine proximalen Terme offenzulegen, nur ist dann seine Fähigkeit zur Entscheidung in diesem Moment ausgesetzt, da die implizite Triade zerstört ist. Bei KI-Systemen ist die Erklärbarkeit oft aufgrund der gewählten Machine Learning Komponenten beeinträchtigt. Hinzu kommt, dass in einer Welt, in der zunehmend mehr Aufgaben durch KI-Systeme übernommen werden, die Gefahr besteht, dass das notwendige Verständnis für diese Aufgaben beim Menschen verloren geht.
Regulationstheorie
Authors: Musitz Lia
Published: March 2022

Lia Musitz widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie Chinas Einführung eines Sozialkreditsystems mit der Entwicklung einer Plattformökonomie zusammenhängt. Diesem Zusammenhang geht dieser Artikel angeleitet durch die Regulationstheorie nach, die das Aufkommen von neuen Regulationsweisen auf wirtschaftliche Veränderungen bezieht. Ein Vergleich der Regierungsstrategie des Sozialkreditsystems mit den Geschäftsstrategien des Plattformunternehmens Alibaba lässt drei Faktoren identifizieren, durch die Chinas Sozialkreditsystem Policy sowohl darauf abzielt, die Entwicklung der Plattformökonomie zu fördern als sie auch im Interesse sozialen Zusammenhalts zu regulieren.
Zwischen Küche und Stadt
Authors: von Mende Julia
Published: March 2022

Kochen und Essen sind medial omnipräsent und es gibt kaum noch einen Ort, an dem nichts gegessen oder getrunken wird - dabei bleibt die Küche im Zuhause zunehmend kalt. Dieses Paradox wirft Fragen an die räumlichen Zusammenhänge gegenwärtiger Essenspraktiken auf, denen Julia von Mende auf den Grund geht. Befragungen und zeichnerische Analysen führen die Leser*innen von Berliner Küchen an Orte außer Haus und in die Vergangenheit. Dabei werden das Verhältnis von Privathaushalt und städtischem Umfeld thematisiert, Einblicke in die urbane Lebensrealität im beschleunigten (Ess-)Alltag eröffnet und gesellschaftliche Wirkmechanismen freigelegt.
Emotional Mapping und partizipatives Kartieren - ungehörte Stimmen sichtbar machen
Authors: Klaus Luise , Germes Mélina , Guarascio Francesca
Published: March 2022

Marginalisierte Personengruppen sind bisher oftmals nur Objekt von Wissenschaft und Politik. Kritisches Kartieren in Form von Emotional Mapping und partizipativem Kartieren ermächtigt die Betroffenen, ihren gelebten Raum und ihre ideale Stadtimagination darzustellen und somit für urbane politische Diskussionen sichtbar zu machen.
Kritisches Kartieren als künstlerischer Forschungsmodus
Authors: Bauer Lea , Nöthen Eva
Published: March 2022

Anliegen dieses Textes ist es, einen methodischen Ansatz künstlerisch-kartographischer Erkenntnisgewinnung zu entwickeln und an Beispielen zu illustrieren. Aus konzeptioneller Perspektive eines künstlerischen Forschungsmodus werden drei Aspekte von Praktiken des kritischen Kartierens herausgearbeitet, womit Kartieren als Mittel (1) zur Sammlung vielfältiger Wahrnehmungen von Dingen, (2) für spielerisch-experimentelles In-Beziehung-Setzen dieser und (3) zur Herstellung visueller Re-Imaginationen verstanden werden kann. Diese Perspektive ermöglicht eine Anerkennung der Systematik, Ergebnisoffenheit und re-imaginativen Kraft künstlerisch-kartographischer Erkenntnisprozesse. Eine Neuausrichtung von Projekten des kritischen Kartierens entlang dieser drei Aspekte könnte deren gesellschaftliche Möglichkeiten bzw. sozialräumliche Implikationen stärken. Insofern wird mit der vorgestellten Perspektive dazu aufgerufen, raumbezogene Forschung durch künstlerisch-kartographisches Engagement transdisziplinärer, prozesshafter und politischer zu machen.
Comics und Relief Maps als feministische Kartographien der Positionalität
Authors: Schmidt Katharina , Singer Katrin , Neuburger Martina
Published: March 2022

Kartographische Methoden sind tief verwurzelt in einen ,geographischen Blick' auf das sogenannte Andere. Karten, egal ob klassisch oder kritisch, erzählen meist Geschichten über woanders, über hier und da und reproduzieren dabei häufig koloniale Kontinuitäten, indem angeblich ,leere' Räume, wie Körper oder Land, mit Zuschreibungen versehen werden. Das oftmals privilegierte, kartierende wissenschaftliche ,Forscher*innen-Ich', bleibt dabei meist unsichtbar. Methoden reflexiver und kritischer feministischer K/Artographien, die die Verwobenheit von Kartographie, Visualität und künstlerischer Kreativität betonen, eröffnen in diesem Spannungsverhältnis das Potential, die eigene Positionierung im ,Mappen' von Wissen und Sein nicht nur gesellschaftlich sichtbar zu machen, sondern auch zu analysieren und zu dekonstruieren.
Kritisches Kartieren in Bildungskontexten - zwischen Erkenntnismittel und politischer Kommunikation
Authors: Gryl Inga , Lehner Michael , Pokraka Jana
Published: March 2022

Inga Gryl, Michael Lehner und Jana Pokraka widmen sich in diesem Beitrag den Chancen und Herausforderungen, Kartierung als Gegenstand und Methode in Bildungskontexten anzubringen. Neokartographie ist dabei eine wesentliche Bedingung, um Kartieren in der Schule als Kulturtechnik, die gesellschaftliche Partizipation in digitalen Kulturen eröffnet, zu definieren und dafür zu befähigen. Zugleich bedarf dieses Vorhaben der Ergänzung um kritische/reflexive Ansätze, wie Dekonstruktion und immanente Kritik, um Machtbeziehungen in der Gesellschaft und paternalistische Einflüsse in der Vermittlung zu identifizieren und zu reduzieren.
Kognitives Kartieren urbanen Radfahrens als Place-basierte Methode
Authors: Boos Philip
Published: March 2022

Philip Boos widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage in welcher Weise die Integration place-basierter Raumkonzepte für praktische Anwendungen von Methoden kognitiven Kartierens relevant ist. Hierfür werden zwei Mental-Mapping-Beispiele zur Kartierung von Fahrradmobilität als place-basierte Methode beschrieben, denn im Verkehrsalltag von Radfahrenden spielt die subjektive Wahrnehmung von Räumen als unsicher oder gefährlich eine besondere Rolle.
Delignys andere Kartografie
Authors: Beiler Frank
Published: March 2022

Aktivist*innen aus dem Umfeld der 68er-Bewegung haben gemeinsam mit Fernand Deligny über Jahre hinweg die Wahrnehmungs- und Bewegungsräume von Autist*innen ohne sprachliche Entwicklung mittels einer experimentellen kartografischen Praxis untersucht. Die Karten dienen der Erkundung unbekannter Lebenswelten. Frank Beiler untersucht den ästhetischen und politischen Impetus der kartografischen Praxis und zeigt deren Wirkmacht auf. Dabei legt er dar, wie sich rhizomatische Netze aus Interaktionen und Interferenzen unterschiedlicher Lebensweisen konstituieren und wie ein kollaboratives Miteinander möglich wird.
Vjera Biller und das Kindliche
Authors: Wilhelm Mirjam E.
Published: March 2022

Vjera Biller gehört zu einer ganzen Generation heute unbekannter Künstlerinnen der Avantgarde, die im Berlin, Belgrad und Budapest der 1920er Jahre gemeinsam mit Künstlerkollegen wie Marc Chagall und Paul Klee große Erfolge über Ländergrenzen hinweg feierten. Nach dem »Anschluss« Österreichs an Nazi-Deutschland als Jüdin verfolgt und bis zu ihrer Ermordung als »Geisteskranke« in Psychiatrien interniert, ist Billers Leben und OEuvre wichtiges Zeugnis der Zeitgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Mirjam E. Wilhelm sammelte Quellenmaterial aus mehreren Ländern und erschließt - erstmals in deutscher Sprache - Billers Schaffen anhand ihres zentralen Motivs: dem Kindlichen.
Tips for finding magnetic resonance imaging-detected suspicious breast lesions using second-look ultrasonography: a pictorial essay
Authors: Jeon Taejun , Kim Young Seon , Son Hye Min , Lee Seung Eun
Published: February 2022

Second-look ultrasonography (US) is a targeted breast US examination that evaluates suspicious lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is a useful tool for determining the probability of malignancy and facilitating US-guided biopsy. Lesions detected on MRI and US should be correlated accurately, which is challenging in some cases. This article documents second-look US and MRI findings that are correlated with the pathology, and suggests helpful approaches for correlating between the two modalities.
Multiple cranial neuropathies as a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome in thymoma
Authors: Ramazanov G. R. , Shevchenko E. V. , Idilova L. I. , Stepanov V. N. , Izmailova A. M. , Petrikov S. S.
Published: February 2022

Neurological symptoms could be a manifestation of cancer both with direct involvement of the nervous system (tumor invasion, metastasis, compression of nerve tissue by neoplasm) and its mediated damage in patients with paraneoplastic syndromes. Neurological manifestations in this syndrome are more likely to cause neoplasms that produce neuroendocrine proteins (small-cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma) or involve immune system organs (thymomas, lymphomas, plasmacytomas). The paraneoplastic syndrome can be observed ahead of tumor detection and verification in some cases, so cancer screening can be a successful evaluation tactic in patients with neurological symptoms of undetermined etiology.

To illustrate this diagnostic approach, we present the clinical case of a patient with multiple cranial neuropathies as a malignant thymoma manifestation. Symptoms of multiple neuropathies developed in the 20-year-old woman within two months prior to hospitalization. The differential diagnosis included infectious, autoimmune, vascular diseases, diseases manifested by hyperostosis of the skull bones, and oncological diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with contrast revealed a pathological accumulation of contrast in the oculomotor, trigeminal, vestibulocochlear, and vagus nerves. Computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen showed signs of neoplasms of the mediastinum, right lung, liver, right adrenal gland, and left kidney. Antemortem pathology study of the material obtained by Video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy from a mediastinal neoplasm revealed a malignant thymoma.

Patients with multiple cranial neuropathies are often encountered in neurological practice. However, establishing the cause of this condition is a complex medical task due to many diseases with which it will be necessary to conduct a differential diagnosis.
Functional writer's cramp as psychogenic focal dystonia
Authors: Tolmacheva V. A. , Yuzbashyan P. G. , Shishorin R. M. , Volel B. A. , Romanov D. V.
Published: February 2022

We present a description of a functional writer's cramp case. The disease manifested as pain and tension in the right hand when writing; thus, we suspected kinesigenic dystonia in the form of writer's cramp. However, the motor pattern and the presence of additional manifestations made it possible to assume the neurotic nature of hyperkinesis. A psychiatrist diagnosed a combined conversion motor and undifferentiated somatoform disorder as a part of personality dynamics of the dramatic cluster at the involutionary age. Treatment included cognitive-behavioral therapy and periciazine administration with a positive effect. We discuss the aspects of hyperkinesis and mental status, which help differentiate the kinesigenic form of dystonia (writer's cramp) and functional movement disorder.
Drug-induced liver injury with cholestasis in the neurologist and psychiatric practice
Authors: Ostroumova O. D. , Shikh E. V. , Shikh N. V. , Ostroumova T. M. , Isaakyan Y. A.
Published: February 2022

Among drug-induced liver injuries (DILI), the cholestatic type is second in frequency (from 20 to 40%), the most common is the hepatocellular variant (up to 78%). For this reason, practitioners of various specialties, including neurologists and psychiatrists, do not monitor cholestasis parameters, and drug-induced liver injury with cholestasis (DILIС) remains unrecognized. The urgency of this problem is great, because the frequency of deaths in DILIС is only slightly lower than t in the hepatocellular type; in addition, it DILIС is much more likely to become persistent increasing the risk of chronic liver injury.

Among the drugs used in neurology and psychiatry, the “leaders” in terms of the number of DILIС are antidepressants, both tricyclic (amitriptyline, imipramine) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs: paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram), antidepressants), antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, fluphenazine), anticonvulsants (mainly carbamazepine).

If the patient has a history of DILI caused by any of the forementioned medications, the agent should be switched to another drug from the same group with a minimal risk of DILI. If there is a history of DILI associated with antidepressants, it is recommended to choose SSRIs. It is necessary to monitor not only the activity of transaminases and bilirubin, but also the cholestasis parameters (alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase) during treatment.
Experience with cladribine tablets for highly active multiple sclerosis in real clinical practice
Authors: Petrov S. V. , Boyko O. V. , Boyko A. N.
Published: February 2022

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cladribine tablets as a treatment for immune reconstitution of highly active multiple sclerosis (HAMS) in general clinical practice.

Patients and methods. 34 patients with HAMS who were followed up at the Moscow Multiple Sclerosis Center in 2018–2021 received two full treatment courses. HAMS diagnosis was established in the presence of two or more exacerbations per year without treatment or one exacerbation in patients receiving pathogenetic treatment in the presence of concomitant manifestations of the activity of the pathological process on MRI. Before initiation of cladribine therapy, the median exacerbation rate was 2.3 per year, i.e., 34 patients per year had a total of 78 exacerbations.

Results and discussion. Only two clinical exacerbations were registered (one each in the first and second year) during two years of treatment among all 34 patients, the average frequency of exacerbations was 0.05 per year; in three cases, a subclinical exacerbation was noted - new Gd+ lesions on T2-weighted images on MRI, the total number of events was 0.15 per year. No significant adverse events were reported.

Conclusion. Cladribine tablets are a highly effective and safe treatment option for HAMS.
Treatment of spasticity in patients with the consequences of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kovalenko A. P. , Vozniuk I. A. , Naumov K. M. , Lobzin V. Yu. , Kirtaev S. Yu.
Published: February 2022

Up to 16–20% of patients with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), regardless of its severity, suffer from pronounced spasticity, cognitive, vestibular and motor disorders. At the same time, data on the effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the treatment of post-traumatic spasticity is lacking.

Objective: to assess the effectiveness of peripheral myorelaxants (botulinum neurotoxin type A) in the treatment of past-traumatic spasticity.

Patients and methods. 21 male patients aged 25 to 48 years with post-traumatic spastic hemiparesis (at least 6 months after the injury) were examined. 450 to 850 U (mean – 650 U) of BoNT (incobotulinumtoxin) was injected into the spastic muscles of the upper and lower extremities. The follow-up assessment of spasticity and paresis was performed 24±3 days after BoNT injection. Patterns of spasticity were studied: shoulder adduction, elbow joint flexion, forearm pronation, hand and finger flexion, hip adduction, shin flexion, foot flexion, toe flexion. The following methods were used: original methods of manual testing (MMT) of spasticity, Tardieu scale (TS), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Medical Research Council Scale (MRCS) to assess paresis.

Results and discussion. 24±3 days after incobotulotoxin administration, we observed a significant 1.5–2-fold decrease in spasticity angle (xS) and a reduction in the angle of neuromuscular reactivity (xV3) by 15–30° in all the studied patterns. Changes of xV1 (muscle extensibility) and xA (muscle strength) were not significant. No adverse reactions were observed. The use of MMT and TS has shown its effectiveness and specificity in the evaluation of spasticity and effectiveness of BoNT, and in the dynamics of muscle condition.

Conclusion. The study showed the feasibility of using MMT and TS in the evaluation and assessment of spasticity, as well as the effectiveness and safety of incobotulinumtoxin (Xeomin) in dosages from 450 to 850 U in the treatment of spasticity of the upper and lower extremities in patients with the consequences of TBI.
Effect of vitamin D and other indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism on cognitive functions and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Novotnyy D. A. , Zhukova N. G. , Shperling L. P. , Stolyarova V. A. , Zhukova I. A. , Agasheva A. E. , Shtaimets S. V. , Druzhinina O. A. , Shirokikh I. V.
Published: February 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Consequently, there has been growing interest in identifying early preclinical disease symptoms and searching for their laboratory markers in recent decades.

Objective: to studythe relationship between vitamin D levels, phosphorus-calcium metabolism and clinical manifestations of PD.

Patients and methods. Serum levels of total vitamin D (VD), as well as total calcium, ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), inorganic phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed in 138 patients with PD. The severity of the disease was verified according to the Hoehn-Yar criteria, the clinical symptoms of the disease were verified using the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), the evaluation also included the quality of life (QoL) scales for patients with PD (PDQ-39), anxiety and depression (HADS), and Beck depression inventory, assessment of cognitive functions (CF) according to MoCA. Then, we analyzed the effect of vitamin D levels and other indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism on the severity of PD clinical symptoms.

Results and discussion. Patients with PD had a significant impact of phosphorus-calcium metabolism on CF, assessed by MoCA scale and the PDQ-39 subscale “Cognitive functions”. A joint direct impact of vitamin D levels (β=0.111; p=0.002), PTH (β=0.02; p=0.037) and the indirect effect of AP (β=-0.028; p=0.027) on CF was revealed. A direct effect of the level of inorganic phosphorus (β=5.932; p=0.001) and AP (β=0.055; p=0.025) on the QoL of patients with PD was observed.

Conclusion. Cognitive decline in PD patients is directly related to vitamin D and PTH levels. At the same time, the lower the QoL of patients with PD, the lower the serum vitamin D level was, serving as an early predictor of cognitive decline in patients with PD.
Evaluation and treatment of medication-overuse headache: Russian experts’ guidelines
Authors: Tabeeva G. R. , Osipova V. V. , Filatova E. G. , Azimova Yu. E. , Amelin A. V. , Artyomenko A. R. , Vorobyeva Yu. D. , Ekusheva E. V. , Koreshkina M. I. , Lebedeva E. R. , Latysheva N. V. , Naprienko M. V. , Sergeev A. V. , Skorobogatykh K. V. , Golovacheva V. A. , Rachin A. P. , Parfenov V. A.
Published: February 2022

The Russian experts’ guidelines on evaluation and treatment of medication-overuse headache are based on evidence-based medicine, the latest revision of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Basic information about epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, evaluation, and the most effective pharmacological drug and non-pharmacological approaches to managing patients with medication-overuse headache are presented.
Validation of the Russian version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics – 9 items (SAVE-9) among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mosolova E. S. , Chung S. , Sosin D. N. , Mosolov S. N.
Published: February 2022

Over the past two years, healthcare workers have been daily saving patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in life-threatening conditions. These circumstances contribute to an increase in the psychopathological disorders in this social group. However, today there is no validated questionnaire that allows to quickly and effectively identify the group of healthcare workers with high levels of stress and anxiety during the pandemic in Russia.

Objective: to validate the Russian version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic scale (SAVE-9).

Patients and methods. The study was a cross-sectional online survey of 1090 frontline healthcare workers. Stress and anxiety symptoms were assessed using SAVE-9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales, respectively. Factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed to determine the internal structure of SAVE-9 scale. ROC-analysis was used to identify the validity of the SAVE-9 compared with GAD-7 and its cut-off score.

Results and discussion. The principal component analysis showed a two-factor structure of SAVE-9. Factor 1 was associated with anxiety and somatic symptoms, factor 2 – with social stress. Cronbach's alpha=0,787. The total score of SAVE-9 with a high degree of confidence predicted the GAD-7 value in ROC-analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.808; 95% confidence interval 0.768–0.847 (p=0.0001), which corresponded to the model's good quality. The appropriate cut-off score was determined as 18.

Conclusion. We demonstrated the validity of the new SAVE-9 scale, which can be used as a specific screening method to detect high levels of anxiety and stress in healthcare workers during a viral outbreak.
Comparative evaluation of psychopharmacotherapy of atypical depression in bipolar and recurrent affective disorder, psychogenic depression
Authors: Verbitskaya M. S. , Tyuvina N. A. , Tyulpin Yu. G. , Krenkel G. L.
Published: February 2022

Objective: to evaluate the treatment effectiveness for atypical depression (AtD) depending on its nosology: in bipolar affective disorder (BAD), recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) and psychogenic depression (PD).

Patients and methods. A total of 250 patients with depression were screened, of which 77 patients with symptoms of AtD were enrolled in the study, 35 of them with BAD, 18 with RDD, and 24 with PD. Patients in all three groups received an antidepressant (AD) or a mood stabilizer (MS) monotherapy, or a combination of AD and antipsychotic (A), AD and A, MS and A, as well as a combination of AD, A and MS. The patients' condition was assessed clinically using a specially designed questionnaire and MADRS and CGI scales at the baseline and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 12th weeks of treatment. Quality of life satisfaction was assessed with the Q-LES-Q-SF (Scoring the Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire) scale at the treatment onset and after the 12th week of treatment.

Results and discussion. Treatment regimens that included AD were the most eff in all groups of patients with AtD. The proportion of responders among those who received AD for bipolar disorder (75% or more) was significantly higher than among those who did not receive it (˂50%). In the RDD and PD groups, patients responded significantly better to AD monotherapy (RDD – 93.2%; PD – 91.5%) compared to other regimens. Agomelatine was the most frequently used (31.8%) and effective AD in all groups. Also, escitalopram, vortioxetine, and venlafaxine (p˂0.05) showed high efficacy, good tolerance, and absence of side effects that aggravate the main symptoms that characterize AtD. Among the antipsychotics in combination with AD, sulpiride was significantly more effective in patients with PD (p˂0.05). The highest rates of quality of life satisfaction were achieved in the BAD group, the lowest – in patients with PD (p˂0.05), which indirectly indicates the quality of remission, which is determined not only by the degree of reduction of depressive symptoms but also by the patients' subjective perception of their mental state.

Conclusion. The inclusion of AD in the AtD treatment regimen significantly increases its effectiveness in patients of all groups, including BAD. AtD treatment should be administered not only taking into account its clinical signs and severity, but also depending on the nosology of the disease, the characteristics of its course. During drug administration, it is necessary to consider the spectrum of side effects, especially those that increase the symptoms of AtD itself.
The efficacy and safety of ipidacrine in patients with idiopathic neuropathy of the facial nerve (PELICAN study)
Authors: Samartsev I. N. , Zhivolupov S. A. , Ponomarev V. V. , Markova M. N. , Magomedov K. R.
Published: February 2022

Idiopathic facial nerve neuropathy (FNN), or Bell's palsy, is characterized by a manifest neurological defect and a pronounced decrease in the quality of life of patients.

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ipidacrine in patients with FNN in an open-label observational study.

Patients and methods. The study included 35 patients with FNN, who were divided into two groups. Treatment in the main group (n=20) included the basic regimen (glucocorticoids, B vitamins, pentoxifylline, glycine, a complex of non-pharmacological therapies), as well as the anticholinesterase drug ipidacrine (Ipigrix). Treatment of patients in the control group (n=15) was limited to the basic regimen. The followup was six months. The treatment effectiveness was assessed with the House-Brackmann scale, FaCE (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation), SAQ (The Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire), electroneuromyography (ENMG), and determining the number of patients with indications for botulinum therapy.

Results and discussion. After six months of treatment, more significant restoration of facial nerve function was observed in the main group, according to the House-Brackmann scale (1.4±0.5), FaCE (90±9.8), and ENMG results, compared to the control group (HouseBrackmann – 1.9±0.7 points, FaCE – 78±11.8 points; p<0.05). There were no intergroup differences in the SAQ scores (main group – 42.1±16.1 points, control group – 48.6±12.9 points; p=0.203) and the number of patients with indications for botulinum therapy. Predictors of the synkinesis were pronounced damage to the branches of n. facialis at the disease onset according to the clinical examination (4 and 5 points on the House-Brackmann scale), I degree of severity according to ENMG, pain >75 mm on the visual analog scale, poor recovery of facial nerve function in the first month of treatment (3 and 4 points on the House–Brackmann scale).

Conclusion. The use of ipidacrine in the complex treatment of patients with FNN improves the efficiency of restoration of the function of the facial nerve after 6 months without increasing the risk of pathological synkinesis.