bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GnRH Agonist Ovulation Trigger in Patients Undergoing Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation for IVF with Stop GnRH-agonist Combined With Multidose GnRH-antagonist Protocol.
Authors: Orvieto Raoul , Nahum Ravit , Frei Judith , Zandman Orit , Frenkel Yulia , Haas Jigal
Published: January 2021

Backround: Recently, the Stop GnRH agonist protocol has been used successfully in poor responder patients , those with poor embryos quality and those with elevated peak serum progesterone levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, whether GnRH-agonist trigger in patients undergoing the Stop protocol combined , will result in an optimal response/trigger, as reflected by post trigger LH >15 mIU/mL Methods: A retrospective cohort study. All consecutive women admitted to our IVF unit from February 2020 through November 2020 who reached the ovum pick-up stage. Patients triggered with GnRH-ag alone, or combined with hCG for final oocyte maturation were included in the study. LH levels were measured 12 hours post trigger.Results: Five out of the 32 patients (15.6%) demonstrated suboptimal response as reflected by LH levels <15 IU/L 12 hrs post GnRH-agonist trigger. Moreover, while no differences were observed in oocytes recovery rate, maturity or embryos quality between the different study groups, those achieving a suboptimal response to the GnRH-agonist trigger (post trigger LH <15 mIU/mL) demonstrated significantly higher number of follicles and peak estradiol levels at the day of trigger.Conclusions: The Stop GnRH-agonist combined with GnRH-antagonist protocol, enables the substitution of HCG with GnRH-ag for final oocyte maturation. However, caution should be taken in high responders, where the dual trigger with small doses of hCG (1000-1500IU) should be considered, aiming to avoid suboptimal response (post trigger LH levels <15IU/L).
Exploring the Linkage Between Financial Development and Economic Growth: the ARDL Bounds Testing approach
Authors: Kashem Mohammad Abul , Rahman Mohammad Mafizur
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the cointegration, short and long run dynamics and causal links between financial development and economic growth in Bangladesh for the period 1973 to 2015. We applied the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing approach and the Granger causality test. The ARDL bounds tests and other cross-checking test confirmed the long run cointegration between economic growth and financial development indicators in Bangladesh. The two financial development indicators, growth in broad money to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio and growth in total deposit liabilities to GDP ratio appeared to have time variant impact on economic growth: the former having significant positive impact in the short- run but negative impact in the long- run, while the latter has significant negative impact in the short- run but positive impact in the long- run. The Granger causality analysis indicated a bidirectional, co-evolutionary process between financial development and economic growth.
A mixed-methods evaluation of the uptake of novel differentiated ART delivery models in a national sample of health facilities in Uganda
Authors: Zakumumpa Henry , Makobu Kimani , Wilbrod Ntawiha , Maniple Everd
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTIONSince 2017, Uganda has been implementing differentiated antiretroviral therapy services (DARTS) to improve the quality of HIV care and health-system efficiencies. The Ministry of Health endorsed five models. The community-based models include Community Client-Led Drug Delivery (CCLAD) and Community Drug Distribution Points (CDDPs), with facility-based models being either Fast Track Drug Refill (FTDR), Facility Based Group (FBG) or Facility-Based Individual Management (FBIM). It is unclear what the uptake of DARTS is since roll-out in 2017. We set out to assess the extent of uptake of DARTS models and to describe barriers to uptake of either facility-based or community-based models.METHODSBetween August and December 2019, we conducted a mixed-methods study entailing a cross-sectional health facility survey (n=116) and in-depth interviews (n=18) with ART clinic managers in ten case-study facilities as well as six focus group discussions (56 participants) with patients enrolled in DARTS models. Facilities were selected based on the 10 geographic sub-regions of Uganda. Statistical analyses were performed in STATA (v13) while qualitative data were analyzed by thematic approach. The qualitative arm of our study was dominant.RESULTSMost facilities 63 (57%) commenced implementation of DARTS in 2018. The most implemented facility-based model was Fast Track Drug Refill (FTDR) implemented in 100 (86%) of health facilities. Community Client-Led ART Delivery (CCLAD) was the most popular community model implemented in more than a half of facilities (63/116 or 54%). Community Drug Distribution Points (CDDP) model had the lowest uptake and was implemented in only 33 (24.88%) facilities. Overall, there has been a higher uptake of facility-based models. Barriers to enrollment in community-based models include; HIV-related stigma and a fear of breach of confidentiality of HIV status, low enrollment of adult males in community models. Health-system constraints include insufficient training of health workers in DARTS and inadequate funding to facilities for implementing community-based models.CONCLUSIONTo the best of our knowledge this is the first study reporting national DARTS coverage in Uganda. There is need to devise stigma-reduction interventions to enhance uptake of community models and increased donor and government funding for community models to maximize DARTS potential for achieving health-system efficiencies.
Sacral incidence to pubis: a novel and alternative morphologic radiological parameter to pelvic incidence in assessing spinopelvic sagittal alignment
Authors: Takahashi Yasuhito , Watanabe Kei , Okamoto Masashi , Hatsushikano Shun , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Endo Naoto
Published: January 2021

Background: Although pelvic incidence (PI) is a key morphologic parameter in assessing spinopelvic sagittal alignment, accurate measurements of PI become difficult in patients with severe hip dislocation or femoral head deformities. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of our novel morphologic parameters and the correlations with established sagittal spinopelvic parameters. Methods: One hundred healthy volunteers (25 male and 75 female), with an average age of 38.9 years, were analysed. Whole-body alignment in the standing position was measured using a slot-scanning X-ray imager. We measured the established spinopelvic sagittal parameters and a novel parameter: the sacral incidence to pubis (SIP). The correlation coefficient of each parameter, regression equation of PI using SIP, and regression equation of lumbar lordosis (LL) using PI or SIP were obtained. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated as an evaluation of the measurement reliability. Results: Reliability analysis showed high intra- and inter-rater agreements in all the spinopelvic parameters, with ICCs > 0.9. The SIP and pelvic inclination angle (PIA) demonstrated strong correlation with PI ( R = 0.96) and pelvic tilt (PT) ( R = 0.92). PI could be predicted according to the regression equation: PI = –9.92 + 0.905 * SIP ( R = 0.9596, p < 0.0001). The ideal LL could be predicted using the following equation using PI and age: ideal LL = 32.33 + 0.623 * PI – 0.280 * age ( R = 0.6033, p < 0.001) and using SIP and age: ideal LL = 24.29 + 0.609 * SIP – 0.309 * age ( R = 0.6177, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both SIP and PIA were reliable parameters for determining the morphology and orientation of the pelvis, respectively. Ideal LL was accurately predicted using the SIP with equal accuracy as the PI. Our findings will assist clinicians in the assessment of spinopelvic sagittal alignment.
Intervention fidelity and its determinants of focused antenatal care package implementation, in South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia.
Authors: Tessema Asressie Molla , Gebeyehu Abebaw , Mekonnen Solomon , Alemu Kassahun , Tigabu Zemene
Published: January 2021

Background: Focused antenatal care is directed at sustaining maternal health and improving fetal wellbeing to ensure birth of a healthy neonate. Failure to implement focused antenatal care can result in inability to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in low income countries. Due to evidence-practice gaps, however, thousands of maternal, fetal and neonatal lives are still lost every day, mostly from preventable causes. This study aimed to assess focused antenatal care package’s intervention fidelity and its determinant factors in South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed and a total of 898 women who gave birth in the last six months prior to data collection were included. Also 16 health extension workers, working in ten selected health posts, were included. Interviews and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from mothers and health extension workers. Ten (10) health posts were audited to assess availability and functionality of drugs and supplies to provide focused antenatal care. Mothers were asked whether or not the required level of care was provided. Health extension workers were provided with self-administered questionnaires to assess socio-demographic characteristics, reception of training, facilitation strategies for the implementation of focused antenatal care and ability to classify danger signs. Multilevel linear regression analysis was performed to identify individual and organizational level’s factors influencing focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity. Results: Overall weighted average focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity (implemented as intended/planned) was 49.8% (95% CI: 47.7 – 51.8), which means the average number of focused antenatal care package interventions women received is 49.8%. Health extension workers implemented 55.1% and skilled providers (nurses, midwives, health officers or medical doctors) 44.9% of focused antenatal care package interventions. Overall antenatal care coverage, irrespective of frequency (at least one visit), was 752/898 women (83.7%; 95% CI: 81.3–86.1); 263/752 women (35.0%; 95% CI: 31.6 – 38.4) received at least four antenatal visits and only 46/752 women (6.1%; 95% CI: 4.4 - 7.8) received all recommended components of focused antenatal care. Previous pregnancy-related problems, paternal education and implementation of facilitation strategies were found to be significant factors enhancing focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity.Conclusion: Focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity in the study area was low; this may imply that the current level of maternal, perinatal and neonatal mortality might be partly due to the low level of focused antenatal care intervention fidelity. Improving implementation of facilitation strategies is highly required to contribute to the reduction of those mortalities.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Reduction in Patients’ Waiting Time for Outpatient Procedures: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Tian Dan , Li Weihua , Dong Bin , Wang Hansong , Yuan Jiajun , Li Biru , Shi Lei , Lin Xulin , Zhao Liebin , Liu Shijian
Published: January 2021

Background: Many studies suggest that patient satisfaction is significantly negatively correlated with waiting time. A well-designed healthcare system should not keep patients waiting too long for appointment and consultation. However, in China, patients spend notable time waiting, and the actual time spent on diagnosis and treatment in the consulting room is comparatively less.Methods: We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted module and name it XIAO YI. It could help outpatients automatically order imaging examinations or laboratory tests based on their chief complaints. Thus, outpatients could get examined or tested before they went to see the doctor. People who saw a doctor in the traditional way were assigned to the conventional group, and those who used XIAO YI were assigned to the AI-assisted group. We conducted a retrospective cohort study that used data from HIS of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center for the period of August 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020. Propensity score matching was used to balance the confounding factor between the two groups. And waiting time was defined as the time from registration to preparation for laboratory tests or imaging examinations. The total cost included the registration fee, test fee, examination fee, and drug fee. We used Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare the differences in time and cost between the AI-assisted group and the conventional group. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05 for two sides.Results: 12,342 visits were recruited, consisting of 6,171 visits in the conventional group and 6,171 visits in the AI-assisted group. The median waiting time was 0.38 (interquartile range: 0.20, 1.33) hours for the AI-assisted group compared with 1.97 (0.76, 3.48) hours for the conventional group (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Using XIAO YI can significantly reduce the waiting time of patients, and thus, improve the outpatient service process of hospitals.
Partnership Among Hospitals To Reduce Healthcare Associated Infections: A Quasi-Experimental Study In Brazilian ICUs
Authors: de Melo Ladjane Santos Wolmer , de Abreu Maria Verônica Monteiro , Santos Bernuarda Roberta de Oliveira , Carreteiro Maria das Graças Washington Casimiro , de Souza Maria Fernanda Aparecida Moura , de Albuquerque Maria Carolina Andrade Lins , Vidal Claudia Fernanda de Lacerda , Lacerda Heloisa Ramos
Published: January 2021

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are relevant in developing countries where frequencies can be at least 3 times higher than in developed countries. The purpose of this research was to describe the intervention implemented in intensive care units (ICUs) to reduce HAIs through collaborative project and analyze the variation over 18 months in the incidence density (ID) of the three main HAIs: ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and catheter-related urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and also the length of stay and mortality in these ICUs. Methods: A quasi-experimental study in five public adult clinical-surgical ICUs, to reduce HAIs, through interventions using the BTS-IHI “Improvement Model”, during 18 months. In the project, promoted by the Ministry of Health, Brazilian philanthropic hospitals of excellence (HE), those mostly private, certified as excellence and exempt from security contributions, regularly trained and monitored public hospitals in diagnostics, data collection and in developing cycles to improve quality and to prevent HAIs (bundles). In the analysis regarding the length of stay, mortality, the IDs of VAP, CLABSIs and CAUTIs over time, a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was applied for continuous variables, using the constant correlation (exchangeable) between assessments over time. The model estimated the average difference (β coefficient of the model) of the measures analyzed during two periods: a period in the year 2017 (prior to implementing the project) and in the years 2018 and 2019 (during the project).Result: A mean monthly reduction of 0.427 in VAP ID (p = 0.002) with 33.8% decrease at the end of the period and 0.351 in CAUTI ID (p = 0.009) with 45% final decrease. The mean monthly reduction of 0.252 for CLABSIs was not significant (p = 0.068). Length of stay and mortality rates had no significant variation. Conclusions: Given the success in reducing VAP and CAUTIs in a few months of interventions, the achievement of the collaborative project is evident. This partnership among public hospitals/HE may be applied to other ICUs including countries with fewer resources.
Fine tuning the glycolytic flux ratio of EP-bifido pathway for mevalonate production by enhancing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Zwf) and CRISPRi suppressing 6-phosphofructose kinase (PfkA) in Escherichia coli
Authors: Li Ying , Xian He , Xu Ya , Zhu Yuan , Sun Zhijie , Wang Qian , Qi Qingsheng
Published: January 2021

Background Natural glycolysis encounters the decarboxylation of glucose partial oxidation product pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, where one-third of the carbon is lost at CO2. We previously constructed a carbon saving pathway, EP-bifido pathway by combining Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway, Pentose Phosphate Pathway and “bifid shunt”, to generate high yield acetyl-CoA from glucose. However, the carbon conversion rate and reducing power of this pathway was not optimal, the flux ratio of EMP pathway and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) needs to be precisely and dynamically adjusted to improve the production of mevalonate (MVA). Result Here, we finely tuned the glycolytic flux ratio in two ways. First, we enhanced PPP flux for NADPH supply by replacing the promoter of zwf on the genome with a set of different strength promoters. Compared with the previous EP-bifido strains, the zwf-modified strains showed obvious differences in NADPH, NADH, and ATP synthesis levels. Among them, strain BP10BF accumulated 11.2 g/L of MVA after 72 h of fermentation and the molar conversion rate from glucose reached 62.2%. Second, pfkA was finely down-regulated by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) system. The MVA yield of the regulated strain BiB1F was 8.53 g/L, and the conversion rate from glucose reached 68.7%. Conclusion This is the highest MVA conversion rate reported in shaken flask fermentation. The CRISPRi and promoter fine-tuning provided an effective strategy for metabolic flux redistribution in many metabolic pathways and promotes the chemicals production.
Latency Optimization for D2D-Enabled Parallel Mobile Edge Computing in Cellular Networks
Authors: Cai Yan , Ran Liang , Zhang Jun , Zhu Hongbo
Published: January 2021

Edge offloading, including offloading to edge base stations (BS) via cellular links and to idle mobile users (MUs) via device-to-device (D2D) links, has played a vital role in achieving ultra-low latency characteristics in 5G wireless networks. This paper studies an offloading method of parallel communication and computation to minimize the delay in multi-user systems. Three different scenarios are explored, i.e., full offloading, partial offloading, and D2D-enabled partial offloading. In the full offloading scenario, we find a serving order for the MUs. Then, we jointly optimize the serving order and task segment in the partial offloading scenario. For the D2D-enabled partial offloading scenario, we decompose the problem into two subproblems and then find the optimal solution based on the results of the two subproblems. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the offloading method of parallel communication and computing can significantly reduce the system delay, and the D2D-enabled partial offloading can further reduce the latency.
The CYP19A1 (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism, but not Arg264Cys polymorphism, may affect the risk of prostate cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Lei , Liu Yanan , Liu Lijun , Shao Shixiu , Cao Yanwei , Guo Jiaming , Haitao Niu
Published: January 2021

Background: Abnormal aromatase (CYP19A1) expression may participate in prostate cancer (PCa) carcinogenesis. However, results of studies on the CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms and PCa are conflicting.This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the association between the CYP19A1 Arg264Cys polymorphism and (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism and PCa.Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, EmBase, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library) were comprehensively searched to identify eligible studies. The strength of association between the Arg264Cys polymorphism and PCa was assessed by pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in allelic, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous genetic models. To analyze the impact of the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism, we took sequentially the N-repeat allele (where N equals 7,8,10,11,12, and 13) as the minor allele and the sum of all the other alleles as the major allele. The ORs and 95%CIs were calculated in the allelic model; this analysis was performed individually for each repeat number. Results: Pooled estimates of nine studies addressing the Arg264Cys polymorphism indicated that this polymorphism was not associated with PCa risk in the overall population and in the Caucasian and Asian subgroups. The 8-repeat allele in the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism increased PCa risk in the overall population (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.14–1.58, P=0.001) and in the subgroup with population-based (PB) controls (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.13–1.74, P=0.002) as well as in the subgroup of studies using capillary electrophoresis to identify this polymorphism (OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.09-1.65, P=0.006). Conclusions: The meta-analysis indicated that the CYP19A1 (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism, but not Arg264Cys polymorphism may affect PCa risk.
Patients Age is a critical Factor in determining the Severity of Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder
Authors: Märtens Nicole , Maerz Vincent , Bertrand Jessica , Lohmann Christoph H , Berth Alexander
Published: January 2021

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the aging population. The correlation of radiographic OA severity, disability and pain is variable and inconsistent for the different joints. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between histological and radiological signs of shoulder OA with pain sensation and functional impairment to potentially adapt the recommendation for surgical treatment for primary total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Methods: Forty-four patients with shoulder OA undergoing TSA using an anatomic stemless implant were included in this study. The radiological OA severity was scored preoperatively on true ap X-rays according to the Kellgren-Lawrence-Score (KL-Score). Acromial types according to Bigliani were defined by preoperative radiological images. The histological OA severity was determined according to the OARSI-Score using bone-cartilage sections from loaded areas of the humeral head. Pain was quantified using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The functional status was assessed by the items “mobility” and “strength” out of the Constant-Murley-Score (CS-Score). Demographic data including BMI, age, gender, diabetes mellitus and smoking were recorded. Results: There was no correlation between radiographic and histological severity in shoulder OA. However, a correlation of age and the severity of radiological changes was observed. Further, pain did not correlate with histological or radiological scores, whereas it correlated with age and the presence of diabetes mellitus. The functional shoulder status (mobility, strength) correlated with the severity of radiological changes, but not with the histologic scoring, which correlated with nicotine abuse. Conclusion: This study shows that increased age is the main determinant of radiological changes in shoulder OA, as well as pain. Therefore, age and pain sensation should be considered as important parameters for the recommendation for TSA.
Can a complex vocational rehabilitation intervention be delivered with fidelity? Fidelity assessment in the FRESH feasibility trial
Authors: Holmes Jain Anne , Fletcher-Smith Joanna Clare , Merchán-Baeza Jose Antionio , Phillips Julie , Radford Kathryn
Published: January 2021

Background:Determining whether complex rehabilitation interventions are delivered with fidelity is important as differences can occur between sites, therapists delivering the intervention and over time; threatening trial outcomes and increasing the risk of Type II and Type III errors. Aims: to (1) evaluate implementation fidelity of vocational rehabilitation delivered in Facilitating Return to work through Early Specialist Health-based interventions (FRESH), a multi-centre feasibility randomised controlled trial; and (2) understand factors affecting delivery. Methods:Mixed methods evaluation. Fidelity was measured quantitatively using intervention case report forms, fidelity checklists and clinical records. Qualitative data from mentoring records, interviews with the intervention therapists, participants and their employers and National Health Service (NHS) staff at each site explored moderators of implementation fidelity. The quantitative and qualitative data informed data collection tools and analysis. Data were examined against a logic model and benchmarked against an earlier cohort study. Results:Analysis of 38 clinical records (one per participant), 699 content clinical report form (CRF) (42-248 per therapist) and 12 fidelity checklists suggest intervention was delivered as intended. The core intervention process was followed in each case despite therapist variation. Qualitative data from clinical records, fidelity checklists, 183 mentoring records and 38 interviews (4 therapists, 15 trial participants, 6 employers and 13 NHS staff) explained factors affecting intervention fidelity. Fidelity moderators were similar across sites. Facilitators included therapists’ community rehabilitation experience, expert mentoring, and ability to individually tailor intervention. Barriers involved a lack of access to NHS systems no backfill and limited line-manager support. Factors that both helped or hindered intervention delivery were effective communication with participants, intervention acceptability, participants’ changing needs and interagency working. Different fidelity measures answered different questions. Fidelity checklists determined whether intervention processes were followed and explained moderators. Interviews provided insights into acceptability. Adherence was determined by content forms. Mentoring records described implementation barriers and how they were overcome.Conclusions:Mixed methods fidelity assessments enable trialists to identify factors likely to affect intervention fidelity in a definitive trial and longer-term clinical implementation. Mentoring provided insight into engagement and fidelity deviations that could be addressed in real-time, facilitating fidelity and offering a window on trial processes
Application of Ultrasound-guided Intranodal Lymphangiography and Embolization in Cancer Patients with Postoperative Lymphatic Leakage
Authors: Sun Xingwei , Zhou Feng , Bai Xuming , Yuan Qiang , Zhang Mingqing , Ma Liang , Jin Yong
Published: January 2021

Background: Traumatic lymphatic leakage is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. The purpose of this study was to introduce ultrasound-guided intranodal lymphangiography and embolisation techniques for postoperative lymphatic leakage in patients with cancer.Methods: From January 2018 through June 2020, seven cancer patients (three males, four females, aged 59-75 years [mean 67.57 ± 6.11 years]) developed lymphatic leakage after abdominal or pelvic surgery, with drainage volumes ranging from 550 to 1200 mL per day. The procedure and follow-up of ultrasound-guided intranodal lymphangiography and embolisation were recorded. This study retrospectively analysed the technical success rate, operative time, length of hospital stay, clinical efficacy, and complications.Results: The operation was technically successful in all patients. Angiography revealed leakage and embolisation was performed in all seven patients (7/7, 100%). The operative time of angiography and embolisation was 41 to 68 minutes, with an average time of 53.29 ± 10.27 minutes. The mean length of stay was 3.51±1.13 days. Lymph node embolisation was clinically successful in five patients (5/7, 71.43%), who had a significant reduction in or disappearance of chylous ascites. The other two patients received surgical treatment two weeks later due to poor results after embolisation. All patients were followed for two weeks. No serious complications or only minor complications were found in all the patients.Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided intranodal lymphangiography and embolisation were well tolerated by the patients, who experienced a low incidence of complications. Early intervention is recommended for cancer patients with postoperative lymphatic leakage.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL MECHANISM OF PREVENTING THE SUICIDE IN UKRAINE
Authors: Filonenko S.S.
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on the study of suicide worldwide and Ukraine in particular. The phenomenon of suicide is relevant in all corners of the world, it affects people of all nations, cultures, religions, articles, and classes. The scientific community in many countries around the world demonstrates indifference to the problem of suicide; Accordingly, suicide is gradually becoming one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, suicide ranks 15th among the leading causes of death. WHO statistics show that suicide is committed twice as often as murder, and emphasizes that this phenomenon is global and reaches critical levels every year. We have analyzed the regulatory framework for suicide at the global level. For example, over the last decades, since 2000, due to the incredible efforts of WHO, this problem has begun to receive national attention. In the developed world, many regulations on suicide prevention have been developed and adopted. In the course of scientific research, we found out that suicide and Ukraine is the seventh cause of death, which confirms the criticality of the problem and the need for its fastest solution. We believe that there is a need today to support such categories of persons as children and young people, servicemen, convicts, and the elderly.
The article examines the experience of such foreign countries as the USA, Azerbaijan, Israel, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, and other European countries of the world. Finding out what prevention and prevention measures they have implemented in national suicide prevention programs, we see the possibility of their implementation in Ukraine and are convinced of their effectiveness. According to the results of scientific research, we will develop an administrative and legal mechanism for suicide prevention in Ukraine, which can work if all the steps of the algorithm for reducing suicide rates are fulfilled.
Keywords: suicide, administrative and legal mechanism, the algorithm of actions, statistics, suicide rate.
Morphological and Cytological Characterization of Five Porterweed (Stachytarpheta) Selections
Authors: Qian Renjuan , Parrish S. Brooks , Wilson Sandra B. , Knox Gary W. , Deng Zhanao
Published: January 2021

Porterweed (Stachytarpheta spp.), a member of the verbena family, is frequently used in pollinator gardens to attract butterflies. This study was conducted to assess the morphological features, pollen stainability and morphology, nuclear DNA content, and chromosome number of five porterweed selections. Coral porterweed (S. mutabilis), ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed (S. cayennensis × S. mutabilis ‘Violacea’), and nettleleaf porterweed (S. cayennensis) had the largest plant heights. Flower number was significantly higher in nettleleaf porterweed, jamaican porterweed (S. jamaicensis), and U*J3-2 porterweed (S. cayennensis × S. jamaicensis), with an average of 65–72 flowers per inflorescence. Internode length and flower width of jamaican porterweed had much lower values than the other selections. Coral porterweed recorded the lowest pollen stainability with only 10.6% stainability, but it had the largest relative pollen production. ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed had the highest DNA content with an average of 3.79 pg/2C, like jamaican porterweed with 3.73 pg/2C. Ploidy levels varied between selections, and the basic chromosome number was x = 28. Coral, jamaican, and ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed had 2n = 6x = 168 chromosomes, first reported in this genus. These results provide a guide and a new tool to distinguish native and non-native porterweed and may aid future breeding toward the production of noninvasive cultivars.
Hereditary Congenital and Infantile Nephrotic Syndrome in Children: Strategy of Management with New Possibilities for Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Savenkova N. D.
Published: January 2021

Due to the worldwide genetic research, the fundamental information was obtained regarding the pathogenesis of the hormone-resistant congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome in children. The mutations in the genes encoding the main components of the basement membrane of the kidney glomeruli, structural and functional podocyte proteins are responsible for the development of the congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome with the typical histologic pattern of the diffuse mesangial sclerosis or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In accordance with the evidence-based international strategy, the clinical phenotyping combined with the targeted genetic analysis is the diagnosis standard for the hereditary nephrotic syndrome in children that are recommended to perform the genetic analysis prior to start of the steroid therapy and prior to the kidney biopsy. The early genetic diagnosis assures the personalized approach to the choice of the therapies considering the genotype and phenotype specifics of the congenital or infantile nephrotic syndrome in the particular child. The up-to-date strategy for the management of such children provides the carrying out of the conservative therapy and early transplantation of the related kidney when reaching 10-15 kg body weight (in this case, the kidneys are removed and transplanted during the same surgery), or the bilateral nephrectomy simultaneously or one stepped, then the second kidney and peritoneal dialysis, then kidney transplantation for the children reached 10-15 kg body weight. According to ESPN / ERA-EDTA register (2016), the 5-year survival rate of the children with the congenital nephrotic syndrome caused by NPHS1 gene mutation is 91% after kidney transplantation, 89% after allograft. The solutions for the pressing challenge of the domestic pediatrics are as the following: introduce the international strategy into the practice of the children management with the congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome with the new possibilities of the genetic diagnosis and therapy replacing the kidney function; enhance the kidney transplantation and its availability; carry out the epidemiological studies of the hereditary nephrotic syndrome.
Functional Disorders of Digestive System in Children. Guidelines of Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Part 3
Authors: Belmer S. V. , Volynets G. V. , Gorelov A. V. , Gurova M. M. , Zvyagin A. A. , Kornienko E. A. , Novikova V. P. , Pechkurov D. V. , Privorotskiy V. F. , Tyazheva A. A. , Faizullina R. A. , Khavkin A. I. , Erdes S. I.
Published: January 2021

The clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the3 functional disorders of the digestive system in children were preparedby a Group of Experts, domestic leading specialists in the field of the pediatric gastroenterology, who generalized the foreign guidelines and domestic experience, suggesting the tactics for the pediatrician actions in the everyday practice. Part 3 of the Guidelinesdiscusses the billiard tract dysfunctions and functional constipations. There are no biliary tract dysfunctions in the Pediatric Sectionsof Rome Consensus IV; however, the Russian pediatric school of thought has always considered them as important in terms of oneof the causes for abdominal pain in children. This attitude was supported by the experts, and it is maintained in these Guidelines.The functional constipations are common in the children of different ages, and they present not only a medical problem, but alsoa serious social one for both children and their parents. That is why the considerable attention has been paid to this pathology considering the psychosocial aspects of the correction.
Nutritional Support for Child with Werdnig–Hoffmann Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Balakireva E. A. , Slepukhina A. V. , Serikov P. V. , Puchenkova O. A. , Mikhareva V. M. , Bagreeva Yu. A.
Published: January 2021

Some of the severe manifestations of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease are the pseudobulbar and bulbar syndromes complicated by the hypotrophy of the various degrees of severity. The clinical case of the nutritional support for the child with grade II hypotrophy that complicated the course of Werdnig–Hoffmann disease in one-year-old child is presented. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of Clinutren Junior high-calorie formula for children from 1 to 10 years of age on the growth and development of the child diagnosed with type I spinal muscular atrophy. The results were analyzed according to the degree of change in the following anthropometric data: mid-arm circumference, mid-hip circumference, the size of the skin fold in the periumbilical region, as well as laboratory data, as follows: albumin, total protein, lymphocytes.
Bardet–Biedl Syndrome
Authors: Potrokhova E. A. , Babayan M. L. , Baleva L. S. , Safonova M. P. , Sipyagina A. E.
Published: January 2021

The Bardet–Biedl syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease of the group of ciliopathies with polymorphic clinical symptomsincluding the retinal degeneration, obesity, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism, and renal dysfunction. The Pleiotropic effects are caused by the defects in genes encoding the proteins responsible for the functioning of cilia. The Article addressesthe issues of the clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The clinical case demonstratesthe patient with Bardet–Biedl syndrome, manifested by the retinal degeneration, obesity, brachydactylia, syndactyly and clinodactyly, hypogenitalism, mental retardation and concomitant hypothyroidism. As per results of the molecular genetic testing, the childwas found having the mutations in exon 2 of BBS10 gene c.271dupT and c.583G> A (p.G180E) in the compound heterozygous condition, inherited from the father and mother, respectively, that are the healthy carriers.
Does capital structure affect firm value in Vietnam?
Authors: Dat Dang Tien , Van Trang Do Thi
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine whether the capital structure and several factors have significant influences on firm value in Vietnam. To achieve this objective, 435 non-financial listed companies have been selected from 2012 to 2019 on Vietnamese stock exchanges. Four groups of firms continue to be chosen from the total to investigate the differences in the outcomes among industries. The results altogether using the GMM method show that the impact of capital structure and other control variables on firm value is significant, yet different across industries: capital structure has a significant positive impact on firm value in the food and beverage industry, but has a significant negative effect on the value of the firm in wholesale trade and construction, as well as real estate industry, while has an insignificant influence on enterprise value considering all industries. Apart from the firm size, the impact of other control factors on firm value also indicates mixed results.
Forecasting stock market prices using mixed ARIMA model: a case study of Indian pharmaceutical companies
Authors: Kumar Meher Bharat , Thonse Hawaldar Iqbal , Spulbar Cristi , Birau Ramona
Published: January 2021

Many investors in order to predict stock prices use various techniques like fundamental analysis and technical analysis and sometimes rely on the discussions provided by various stock market analysts. ARIMA is a part of time-series analysis under prediction algorithms, and this paper attempts to predict the share prices of selected pharmaceutical companies in India, listed under NIFTY100, using the ARIMA model. A sample size of 782 time-series observations from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 for each selected pharmaceutical firm has been considered to frame the ARIMA model. ADF test is used to verify whether the data are stationary or not. For ARIMA model estimation, significant spikes in the correlogram of ACF and PACF have been observed, and many models have been framed taking different AR and MA terms for each selected company. After that, 5 best models have been selected, and necessary inculcation of various AR and MA terms has been made to adjust the models and choose the best adjusted ARIMA model for each firm based on Volatility, adjusted R-squared, and Akaike Information Criterion. The results could be used to analyze the stock prices and their prediction in-depth in future research efforts.
A Kárpát-medencei magyarság népesség-előreszámítása, 2011-2051
Authors: Péti Márton , Pakot Levente , Megyesi Zoltán , Szabó Balázs
Published: January 2021

Jelen tanulmány helyzetfeltárást nyújt a Kárpát-medencei magyarság szinte egészének demográfiai viszonyairól, ehhez kapcsolódóan bemutatja a térségben élő magyarság lélekszámának előreszámítását, továbbá vizsgálja a korösszetétel változásának főbb jellemzőit. A kutatás kiterjed Magyarország népességére, valamint a környező országok közül a legnagyobb lélekszámú magyar közösségeknek otthont adó országok és magyarlakta térségeik magyarságára, azaza következő külhoni magyar nemzetrészekre: Felvidék (Szlovákia), Kárpátalja (Ukrajna), Erdély (Románia) és Vajdaság (Szerbia). A népesség-előreszámítás során kohorsz-komponens módszerrel négy forgatókönyv mentén történtek számítások (alapváltozat, pesszimista, optimista, kiegyenlített migrációs) az egyes magyar közösségek 2051-es népességszámára és az említett szomszédos országokon belül várható etnikai arányára vonatkozóan. Az eredmények alapján a Kárpát-medencei magyarság száma a következő harminc évben a legvalószínűbb forgatókönyv szerint – e nagytérség teljes népességéhez hasonlóan – csökkenni fog a jelenlegi 12 millióról körülbelül 9 millió főre. Az anyaországi magyarság száma 6,6 és 8,5 millió, a felvidéki magyarság 320 és 370 ezer, az erdélyi magyarság 640 és 900, a kárpátaljai magyarság71 és 94, míg a vajdasági magyarság 110 és 157 ezer fő között várható, annak függvényében, hogy melyik népesedési forgatókönyv valósul meg. A külhoni magyar népesség arányában – a vizsgált országok össznépességén belül – szintén kismértékű csökkenés várható, de az egyes forgatókönyvek e tekintetben is jelentősen eltérnek. A jelenleg tapasztalható öregedési folyamatokból kiindulva az előreszámítás 2051-re 25-33%-os időskorú népességgel számol, míg az eltartási ráta romlik (a jelenlegi kétszeresére is növekedhet, 1,6-ra). A negatív tendenciákat egyébként érdemben mérsékelheti a természetes szaporodás emelkedése vagy, ha a negatív migrációs trendek legalább kiegyenlítettre (zéróösszegűre) módosulnának.
NADEJDA TEFFİ’NİN ÖYKÜLERİNDE OLUMSUZ ANNE TİPİ
Authors: GÜRSOY Yasemin
Published: January 2021

Edebi eserleri oluşturan farklı unsurlar arasında tip önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Özellikle karakter ve tip kavramlarının edebi eserdeki kişileri tanımlarken kullanılması yani aynı ögeyi belirtmek amacıyla iki farklı terimin bulunması kimi zaman araştırmacıların tercih yapmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Tip, belirli bir topluluğun ortak özelliklerini bünyesinde bulundurur. Eserde olayı ya da durumu aktarmak için kullanılan araçtır. Karakter ise yazarın kurguladığı özel bir kişidir, eserde araç değil amaçtır. Olay, karakter etrafında şekillenir, merkezde karakter bulunmaktadır. Rus göçmen edebiyatının önemli isimlerinden Nadejda Teffi, şiirle başladığı yazın yaşamına öykü türüyle devam eder. Rusya’nın ilk kadın mizah yazarı Teffi, eserlerindeki komik unsurlara hayatın gerçeği olan trajediyi, melankoliyi ve acıyı da katar. Yarattığı tipler halkın ortak özelliklerini barındırmaktadır. Bir kadın olarak olumsuz anne tipine öykülerinde yer vermekte ve anneliğin iki karşıt özelliğini eserlerinde kullanarak tek bir tip yaratmaktadır. Bu makalede edebi bir unsur olarak “tip” tanımlanmaya ve Teffi’nin öykülerindeki anne tipi, tip çözümlemesi yöntemiyle incelenerek örneklendirilmeye çalışılmaktadır.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Apremilast: A Study Using Ketoreductases and Lipases
Authors: Vega Kimberly , Cruz Daniel , Oliveira Artur , da Silva Marcos , de Lemos Telma , Oliveira Maria , Bernardo Ricardo , de Sousa Jackson , Zanatta Geancarlo , Nasário Fábio , Marsaioli Anita , de Mattos Marcos
Published: January 2021

The key step in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of apremilast was to produce the chiral alcohol (R)-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethanol, (R)-3. Two enzymatic approaches were evaluated to obtain (R)-3, one using ketoreductases and the other lipases. Bioreduction of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethanone (2), using ketoreductase KRED‑P2-D12, led to (R)-3 with 48% conversion and 93% enantiomeric excess (ee). Kinetic resolution of rac-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl acetate (rac-4), via hydrolysis reaction, with 20% of n-butanol, catalyzed by lipase from Aspergillus niger yielded (R)-3 with > 99% ee, 50% conversion and E-value (enantiomeric ratio) > 200. The reaction between enantiomerically pure (R)-3 and 4-acetylamino-isoindol-1,3-dione (8) afforded apremilast in 65% yield and 67% ee.
Consideration of longitudinal vibration of automobiles in planar model with taking road deformation and loss of contact into account
Authors: Vu Cong Ham , Phung Manh Cuong , Tran Quang Dung
Published: January 2021

This article considers longitudinal planar vibration of a two-axle automobile moving linearly with a constant velocity and subjected to pre-deterministic kinematic excitation caused by the rough road surface. The automobile is modeled as a vibration system which has three masses and four degrees of freedom. The deformed road is modeled as an elastic beam which is simply supported at the two ends and lying on Kelvin’s visco-elastic ground. The change in dimensions of the contact areas is considered. The loss of contact between the wheels and the road surface is taken into account by producing the contact state parameters in the differential equations of motion of the vibration system. The partial differential equation which describes the motion of deformed road is then transformed into a set of all ordinary differential equations by applying the Bubnov-Galerkin’s method. Some typical results coming from numerical consideration are also presented in the article.
Laudacja - Profesor Witold Wołodkiewicz
Authors: Zabłocka Maria
Published: January 2021

.
Bibliografia prac Witolda Wołodkiewicza za lata 2000-2020
Authors: Zabłocka Maria
Published: January 2021

.
Kilka refleksji o stanie polskiej romanistyki na tle zmian ustaw o szkolnictwie wyższym
Authors: Zabłocka Maria
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, jak kolejne zmiany ustaw dotyczących stopni i tytułu naukowego oraz szkolnictwa wyższego powodowały nagłe „przyspieszenie” w staraniu się o uzyskanie stopnia i tytułu, co nie zawsze było związane z jakością publikacji potrzebnych do osiągnięcia awansu naukowego.
Resistant Tuberculosis: the Latest Advancements of Second-line Antibiotic Inhalation Products
Authors: Rossi Irene , Bettini Ruggero , Buttini Francesca
Published: January 2021

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) can be considered the man-made result of interrupted, erratic or inadequate
TB therapy. As reported in WHO data, resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains continue to
constitute a public health crisis. Mtb is naturally able to survive host defence mechanisms and to resist most antibiotics
currently available. Prolonged treatment regimens using the available first-line drugs give rise to poor
patient compliance and a rapid evolution of strains resistant to rifampicin only or to both rifampicin and isoniazid
(multi drug-resistant, MDR-TB). The accumulation of mutations may give rise to extensively drug-resistant
strains (XDR-TB), i.e. strains with resistance also to fluoroquinolones and to the injectable aminoglycoside,
which represent the second-line drugs. Direct lung delivery of anti-tubercular drugs, as an adjunct to conventional
routes, provides high concentrations within the lungs, which are the intended target site of drug delivery,
representing an interesting strategy to prevent or reduce the development of drug-resistant strains. The purpose
of this paper is to describe and critically analyse the most recent and advanced results in the formulation development
of WHO second-line drug inhalation products, with particular focus on dry powder formulation. Although
some of these formulations have been developed for other lung infectious diseases (Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
nontuberculous mycobacteria), they could be valuable to treat MDR-TB and XDR-TB.