bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Survival of Patients With Left Ventricular Noncompaction
Authors: Vaidya Vaibhav R. , Lyle Melissa , Miranda William R. , Farwati Medhat , Isath Ameesh , Patlolla Sri Harsha , Hodge David O. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Kapa Suraj , Deshmukh Abhishek J. , Foley Thomas A. , Michelena Hector I. , Connolly Heidi M. , Melduni Rowlens M.
Published: January 2021

Background

The prognosis of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) remains elusive despite its recognition as a clinical entity for >30 years. We sought to identify clinical and imaging characteristics and risk factors for mortality in patients with LVNC.

Methods and Results

339 adults with LVNC seen between 2000 and 2016 were identified. LVNC was defined as end‐systolic noncompacted to compacted myocardial ratio >2 (Jenni criteria) and end‐diastolic trough of trabeculation‐to‐epicardium (X):peak of trabeculation‐to‐epicardium (Y) ratio <0.5 (Chin criteria) by echocardiography; and end‐diastolic noncompacted:compacted ratio >2.3 (Petersen criteria) by magnetic resonance imaging. Median age was 47.4 years, and 46% of patients were female. Left ventricular ejection fraction <50% was present in 57% of patients and isolated apical noncompaction in 48%. During a median follow‐up of 6.3 years, 59 patients died. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.06), left ventricular ejection fraction <50% (HR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.17–4.80), and noncompaction extending from the apex to the mid or basal segments (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.21–3.68) were associated with all‐cause mortality. Compared with the expected survival for age‐ and sex‐matched US population, patients with LVNC had reduced overall survival (
P
<0.001). However, patients with LVNC with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and patients with isolated apical noncompaction had similar survival to the general population.

Conclusions

Overall survival is reduced in patients with LVNC compared with the expected survival of age‐ and sex‐matched US population. However, survival rate in those with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and isolated apical noncompaction was comparable with that of the general population.
Coxsackievirus B3 Infection Early in Pregnancy Induces Congenital Heart Defects Through Suppression of Fetal Cardiomyocyte Proliferation
Authors: Sharma Vipul , Goessling Lisa S. , Brar Anoop K. , Joshi Chetanchandra S. , Mysorekar Indira U. , Eghtesady Pirooz
Published: January 2021

Background

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is the most common cause of viral myocarditis. It targets cardiomyocytes through coxsackie and adenovirus receptor, which is highly expressed in the fetal heart. We hypothesized CVB3 can precipitate congenital heart defects when fetal infection occurs during critical window of gestation.

Methods and Results

We infected C57Bl/6 pregnant mice with CVB3 during time points in early gestation (embryonic day [E] 5, E7, E9, and E11). We used different viral titers to examine possible dose‐response relationship and assessed viral loads in various fetal organs. Provided viral exposure occurred between E7 and E9, we observed characteristic features of ventricular septal defect (33.6%), abnormal myocardial architecture resembling noncompaction (23.5%), and double‐outlet right ventricle (4.4%) among 209 viable fetuses examined. We observed a direct relationship between viral titers and severity of congenital heart defects, with apparent predominance among female fetuses. Infected dams remained healthy; we did not observe any maternal heart or placental injury suggestive of direct viral effects on developing heart as likely cause of congenital heart defects. We examined signaling pathways in CVB3‐exposed hearts using RNA sequencing, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Signaling proteins of the Hippo, tight junction, transforming growth factor‐β1, and extracellular matrix proteins were the most highly enriched in CVB3‐infected fetuses with ventricular septal defects. Moreover, cardiomyocyte proliferation was 50% lower in fetuses with ventricular septal defects compared with uninfected controls.

Conclusions

We conclude prenatal CVB3 infection induces congenital heart defects. Alterations in myocardial proliferate capacity and consequent changes in cardiac architecture and trabeculation appear to account for most of observed phenotypes.
Arrhythmic Risk Profile and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation for Recurrent Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia After Ablation
Authors: Dusi Veronica , Gornbein Jeffrey , Do Duc H. , Sorg Julie M. , Khakpour Houman , Krokhaleva Yuliya , Ajijola Olujimi A. , Macias Carlos , Bradfield Jason S. , Buch Eric , Fujimura Osamu A. , Boyle Noel G. , Yanagawa Jane , Lee Jay M. , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Vaseghi Marmar
Published: January 2021

Background

Cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) has been used as a bailout strategy for refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). Risk of VT recurrence in patients with scar‐related monomorphic VT referred for CSD and the extent to which CSD can modify this risk is unknown. We aimed to quantify arrhythmia recurrence risk and impact of CSD in this population.

Methods and Results

Adjusted competing risk time to event models were developed to adjust for risk of VT recurrence and sustained VT/implantable cardioverter–defibrillator shocks after VT ablation based on patient comorbidities at the time of VT ablation. Adjusted VT and implantable cardioverter–defibrillator shock recurrence rates were estimated for the subgroup who subsequently required CSD after ablation. The expected adjusted recurrence rates were then compared with the observed rates after CSD. Data from 381 patients with scar‐mediated monomorphic VT who underwent VT ablation were analyzed, excluding patients with polymorphic VT. Sixty eight patients underwent CSD for recurrent VT. CSD reduced the expected adjusted VT recurrence rate by 36% (expected rate of 5.61 versus observed rate of 3.58 per 100 person‐months,
P
=0.01) and the sustained VT/implantable cardioverter–defibrillator shock rates by 34% (expected rate of 4.34 versus observed 2.85 per 100 person‐months,
P
=0.03). The median number of sustained VT/implantable cardioverter–defibrillator shocks in the year before versus the year after CSD was reduced by 90% (10 versus 1,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

Patients referred for CSD for refractory scar‐mediated monomorphic VT are at a higher risk of VT recurrence after ablation as compared with those not requiring CSD, mostly because of their cardiac comorbidities. CSD significantly reduced both the expected risk of recurrences and VT burden.
The Investigation of Left Atrial Structure and Stroke Etiology: The I‐LASER Study
Authors: Johansen Michelle C. , Doria de Vasconcellos Henrique , Nazarian Saman , Lima Joao A. C. , Gottesman Rebecca F.
Published: January 2021

Background

Left atrial (LA) function is important in stroke, but often poorly characterized. We evaluated the association of 2‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography LA variables with stroke subtype (cardioembolic stroke [CS]
or
cryptogenic stroke versus other). The hypothesis is worse LA active function is associated with CS, but not cryptogenic strokes.

Methods and Results

In this prospective cohort (2017–2019), left ventricular/LA structure and function were quantified by 2‐dimensional and speckle tracking echocardiography in 151 patients with stroke. Strain/strain rate curves for the 3 components of the LA cycle, ie, (1) Reservoir (global longitudinal strain [Srmax]), (2) Conductive (early LA Sr [Sre]), and (3) Active (late LA strain [Sra]) were evaluated, masked to stroke subtype. Associations of cardiac features with stroke subtype were tested using multivariable logistic regressions. Odds of CS were increased in patients with a larger LA systolic diameter (odds ratio [OR], 2.96, 95% CI, 1.14–7.69) but reduced in patients with a higher Srmax (better reservoir) (OR, 0.80, 95% CI, 0.67–0.97). Lower Sra (worse function) was associated with an increased odds of CS (OR, 1.72, 95% CI, 1.07–2.76) but not independent of atrial fibrillation. Higher active LA emptying fraction (better active phase) was associated with reduced odds of CS (OR, 0.74, 95% CI, 0.57–0.95) or cryptogenic stroke (OR, 0.82, 95% CI, 0.68–0.98) versus other subtypes; other associations between cryptogenic stroke and speckle tracking echocardiography were not found.

Conclusions

Markers of LA structure and function were associated with CS. Similar associations were not found for cryptogenic stroke, which might suggest different underlying mechanisms, given study limitations. Further understanding could aid stroke diagnosis and secondary stroke prevention research.
Politics and Open Science: How the European Open Science Cloud Became Reality (the Untold Story)
Authors: Burgelman Jean-Claude
Published: January 2021

This article will document how the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) emerged as one of the key policy intentions to foster Open Science (OS) in Europe. It will describe some of the typical, non-rational roadblocks on the way to implement EOSC. The article will also argue that the only way Europe can take care of its research data in a way that fits the European specificities fully, is by supporting EOSC.
Building Momentum to Realign Incentives to Support Open Science
Authors: Joseph Heather
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgent need to strengthen global scientific collaboration, and to ensure the fundamental right to universal access to scientific progress and its applications. Open Science (OS) is central to achieving these goals. It aims to make science accessible, transparent, and effective by providing barrier-free access to scientific publications, data, and infrastructures, along with open software, Open Educational Resources, and open technologies. OS also promotes public trust in science at a time when it has never been more important to do so. Over the past decade, momentum towards the widespread adoption of OS practices has been primarily driven by declarations (e.g., DORA, the Leiden Manifesto). These serve an important role, but for OS to truly take root, researchers also must be fully incentivized and rewarded for its practice. This requires research funders and academic leaders to take the lead in collaborating, with researchers in designing, and implementing new incentive structures, and to actively work to socialize these throughout the research ecosystem. The US National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) Roundtable on Aligning Research Incentives for OS is one such effort. This paper examines the strategy behind convening the Roundtable, its current participant makeup, focus, and outputs. It also explores how this approach might be expanded and adapted throughout the global OS community.
Not Ready for Convergence in Data Infrastructures
Authors: Jeffery Keith , Wittenburg Peter , Lannom Larry , Strawn George , Biniossek Claudia , Betz Dirk , Blanchi Christophe
Published: January 2021

Much research is dependent on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Researchers in different research domains have set up their own ICT systems (data labs) to support their research, from data collection (observation, experiment, simulation) through analysis (analytics, visualisation) to publication. However, too frequently the Digital Objects (DOs) upon which the research results are based are not curated and thus neither available for reproduction of the research nor utilization for other (e.g., multidisciplinary) research purposes. The key to curation is rich metadata recording not only a description of the DO and the conditions of its use but also the provenance – the trail of actions performed on the DO along the research workflow. There are increasing real-world requirements for multidisciplinary research. With DOs in domain-specific ICT systems (silos), commonly with inadequate metadata, such research is hindered. Despite wide agreement on principles for achieving FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) utilization of research data, current practices fall short. FAIR DOs offer a way forward. The paradoxes, barriers and possible solutions are examined. The key is persuading the researcher to adopt best practices which implies decreasing the cost (easy to use autonomic tools) and increasing the benefit (incentives such as acknowledgement and citation) while maintaining researcher independence and flexibility.
Research Data Management Implementation at Peking University Library: Foster and Promote Open Science and Open Data
Authors: Nie Hua , Luo Pengcheng , Fu Ping
Published: January 2021

Research Data Management (RDM) has become increasingly important for more and more academic institutions. Using the Peking University Open Research Data Repository (PKU-ORDR) project as an example, this paper will review a library-based university-wide open research data repository project and related RDM services implementation process including project kickoff, needs assessment, partnerships establishment, software investigation and selection, software customization, as well as data curation services and training. Through the review, some issues revealed during the stages of the implementation process are also discussed and addressed in the paper such as awareness of research data, demands from data providers and users, data policies and requirements from home institution, requirements from funding agencies and publishers, the collaboration between administrative units and libraries, and concerns from data providers and users. The significance of the study is that the paper shows an example of creating an Open Data repository and RDM services for other Chinese academic libraries planning to implement their RDM services for their home institutions. The authors of the paper have also observed since the PKU-ORDR and RDM services implemented in 2015, the Peking University Library (PKUL) has helped numerous researchers to support the entire research life cycle and enhanced Open Science (OS) practices on campus, as well as impacted the national OS movement in China through various national events and activities hosted by the PKUL.
“Asian Values” in Different Forms: A Comparative Examination of How Singapore, Indonesia and Myanmar Address Insults to Religion
Authors: Ng Yan Chao Ivan
Published: January 2021

Insults to religion have the potential to stoke tensions and result in physical violence. To protect religious sensitivities, speech which insults religion may be criminalised, even in countries where freedom of speech is enshrined as a constitutional right. The purpose of this article is to look at the role played by the state in dealing with speech which insults religion, through an examination of three Southeast Asian case studies. This article attempts to provide a comparison of the constitutional provisions and specific legislation relating to the insulting of religion in the three countries, as well as consider how the laws have worked in practice. It finds that while the ‘law on the books’ across the three countries may have broad similarities in the way they are drafted, they differ vastly in the ways they are applied and enforced, due to differences in the state-religion relationship, religious demographics and the influence of religious nationalism. At the same time, despite the social, political and cultural heterogeneity of the three countries, the prioritisation of communitarian interests in the three countries over the freedom of speech suggests the continued salience of “Asian values” in Southeast Asia.
Rights of Man, Rights of God: An Unavoidable Tension?
Authors: Ferrari Silvio
Published: January 2021

The conflicts between rights of God and rights of man are on the rise. On the one hand, there are some rights that are qualified as human rights in the most important international conventions and in many national constitutions. As such, they are to be respected always and everywhere. On the other hand, there are rights that are directly or indirectly attributed to the will of God. Their respect is regarded as a religious obligation to be upheld even when it implies the violation of human rights. These are the terms of the conflict and the fact that they sink their roots in non-negotiable beliefs—rights related to the very nature of man versus rights dependent on the will of God—makes this conflict particularly serious and complex. This article discusses the structural and historical causes of this conflict and proposes a few strategies to reduce the tensions between these two sets of rights.
Discovery of the braconid subfamily Dirrhopinae van Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from the Indian subcontinent with the description of a new species from south India
Authors: RANJITH A.P. , SAMARTSEV K.G. , NASSER M.
Published: January 2021

The subfamily Dirrhopinae van Achterberg, 1984 is reported from the Indian subcontinent for the first time. A new species, Dirrhope indica Ranjith sp. nov. is hereby described and illustrated. An updated key to the extant species of Dirrhope is provided along with illustrations of the following species; D. eoa Belokobylskij, D. minor Belokobylskij, and D. rufa Foerster.
Notes on the genus Diochus Erichson, with descriptions of two new species from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
Authors: SHUAI QI , NOZAKI TSUBASA , TANG LIANG
Published: January 2021

Two new species of the genus Diochus from China are described and illustrated: D. caudapiscis Shuai, Nozaki & Tang, sp. n. from Yunnan, and D. guizhouensis Shuai, Nozaki & Tang, sp. n. from Guizhou. Diochus bicornutus Zhou & Zhou, 2016 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of D. japonicus Cameron, 1930, which is reported as new to Anhui. Diagnostic characters for the new species and D. japonicus are illustrated. A modified key to Diochus species of China is provided.
Mnemotope of Zion and Theopolitical Chronotopes in Ottoman Macedonia
Authors: Grandakovska Sofija
Published: January 2021

Mnemotope of Zion and Theopolitical Chronotopes in Ottoman MacedoniaThe discussion in the text, through the intersection of the disciplines of literature and history, oral poetry and ethical sermons from the period of the Enlightenment process in Ottoman Macedonia, aims to affirm the comparative relation between two questions. The first one is: How does one reach Zion (understood as a mnemotope) in the absence of a political identity of the Sephardim of Monastir (Bitola) within the framework of the Ottoman millet system? The second question is: How is the theo-messianic desire for Zion (understood as a vertical history) possible and accomplishable in the linearity of history, in the context of existing political chronotopes, or so-called Christian-Orthodox nationalisms in Ottoman Macedonia? In this complex historical period, the image of Zion does not have a real political place, but it still remains to emanate significant meaning about the homeland as a spiritual space. Mnemotyp Syjonu i teopolityczne chronotopy w osmańskiej MacedoniiZaprezentowana w niniejszej pracy dyskusja ma na celu potwierdzenie związków pokrewieństwa między dwoma pytaniami: jak dotrzeć do Syjonu (rozumianego jako mnemotyp) przy braku politycznej tożsamości Sefardyjczyków z Monastyru/ Bitoli, w ramach systemu osmańskiego milletu? Drugie pytanie postawione w tekście brzmi: w jaki sposób teomesjanistyczne pragnienie Syjonu (rozumiane jako historia wertykalna) jest możliwe i osiągalne w historii linearnej, w kontekście istniejących politycznych chronotypów lub tak zwanych chrześcijańsko-prawosławnych nacjonalizmów w Macedonii osmańskiej? W artykule posługuję się analizą komparatystyczną w kluczu interdyscyplinarnym, który stwarza podstawy do połączenia literatury i historii, poezji ustnej i etycznych kazań z okresu oświecenia w Macedonii osmańskiej.
"Instead of Tombstones - a Tree, a Garden, a Grove": Early Israeli Forests as Environmental Memorials
Authors: Piekarska Maria
Published: January 2021

"Instead of Tombstones - a Tree, a Garden, a Grove": Early Israeli Forests as Environmental MemorialsThe article adds a material-semiotic memory studies perspective to the discussion on the two largest afforestation projects of early Israeli statehood: Ya’ar HaMeginim (Defenders’ Forest) and Ya’ar HaKedoshim (Martyrs’ Forest). Considering the multiplicity of contexts related to mass tree planting practices conducted by the Jewish National Fund in Israel, the article analyses the two arboreal complexes as environmental memorials. As such, they are attributed with narrative  agency that strongly associates the object of commemoration with socially constructed pastoral features of nature. Moreover, due to their organic substance, they hold affective and material capacities that significantly influence the commemorative after-effects. The two Israeli mnemonic assemblages are examined, and conclusions are drawn on the possible outcomes of environmental memorials for collective memory processes. „Zamiast nagrobków – drzewo, ogród, gaj”. Wczesne izraelskie lasy jako środowiskowe upamiętnieniaPoniższy artykuł dodaje perspektywę materialno-semiotycznych badań nad pamięcią zbiorową do dyskusji na temat dwóch największych leśnych kompleksów wczesnego państwa Izrael – Ya’ar HaMeginim (Las Obrońców) i Ya’ar HaKedoshim (Las Męczenników). Biorąc pod uwagę wielość kontekstów związanych z praktykami masowego zalesiania w Izraelu prowadzonymi przez Żydowski Fundusz Narodowy, artykuł rozważa te lasy jako środowiskowe upamiętnienia. Jako takie posiadają one sprawczość narracyjną, silnie wiążącą obiekt upamiętnienia ze znaczeniami przypisywanymi naturze w ramach jej społecznej konstrukcji. Co więcej, ze względu na swój organiczny budulec, wykazują możliwości afektywne i materialne, które aktywnie wpływają na pamięciowy przekaz tych kompleksów. Na podstawie analizy obu izraelskich lasów pamięci wyciągane są wnioski na temat możliwego udziału upamiętnień środowiskowych w procesach pamięci zbiorowej.
The Longing to Belong: Santo Semo the Language Convert
Authors: Studemund-Halévy Michael
Published: January 2021

The Longing to Belong: Santo Semo the Language ConvertThe paper focuses on Santo Semo’s journey of linguistic migration, from his native language (Judezmo) to his adopted language (French), and his desire for another linguistic identity. He focused his energies on saving the world, bringing peace to the planet, and he was convinced of his mission until the dark end of his life, and subordinated everything to it. Dążenie do przynależności. Santo Semo – językowy konwertytaArtykuł opisuje językową migrację Santy Semo – od jego języka ojczystego (judezmo) do adoptowanego języka francuskiego, oraz jego dążenie ku nowej językowej tożsamości. Całe życie poświęcił misji, w którą wierzył; poświęcił wiele energii na ratowanie świata, walki o pokój dla świata i planety.
The Feminine Sphere of Yiddish Heritage: Review of the Book: Joanna Lisek, Kol isze – głos kobiet w poezji jidysz (od XVI w. do 1939 r.), Wydawnictwo Pogranicze, Sejny 2018
Authors: Taczyńska Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

The Feminine Sphere of Yiddish Heritage: Review of the book: Joanna Lisek (2018), Kol isze – głos kobiet w poezji jidysz (od XVI w. do 1939 r.). Sejny: Wydawnictwo Pogranicze.The review presents the monograph Kol isze – głos kobiet w poezji jidysz (od XVI w. do 1939 r.) [Kol ishe: The Voice of Women in Yiddish Poetry (from the 16th Century to 1939)], published in 2018 by Joanna Lisek. The article focuses on the main topic of the monograph – the literary voices of women within Yiddish culture – and its historical, social and literary framework. Kobieca sfera dziedzictwa jidysz. Recenzja książki: Joanna Lisek (2018), Kol isze – głos kobiet w poezji jidysz (od XVI w. do 1939 r.). Sejny: Wydawnictwo Pogranicze.Celem recenzji jest prezentacja wydanej w 2018 r. monografii Joanny Lisek, Kol isze – głos kobiet w poezji jidysz (od XVI w. do 1939 r.). Omówienie koncentruje się na głównym temacie publikacji – literackich głosach kobiet z kręgu kultury jidysz – oraz jego historycznych, społecznych i literackich ramach.
Съвременниците на борбата за независима българска църква – за какво всъщност говорят те (Никола Сапунов и Иван Найденов)
Authors: Аретов [Aretov] Николай [Nikolaĭ]
Published: January 2021

Two Activists in the Struggle for an Independent Bulgarian Church: What Are They Actually Saying? (Nikola Sapunov and Ivan Naydenov) This paper uncovers a slightly different picture of the struggle for an independent Bulgarian Church and deals with the texts of two of its participants: the memoir and diary of Nikola Sapunov (1815–1861) and the correspondence of and some other texts by Ivan Naydenov (1834–1910). Apart from patriotism, martyrdom and political plans, which are also often problematized, there are also personal partialities, hostilities, ambitions, and financial motives. For many activists, the authority of the Ottoman Sultan (who was also a Caliph, the religious leader of all Muslims) and keeping his firman in force were very important. The confessional mobility within Christianity characterized the life of Sapunov and some other activists generated tensions and polemics, but not clashes on a great scale. The relations with foreign factors, primarily Russia, were also important. They were complicated and included not only different forms of interferences, but also deliberate demands for such an intervention and efforts to provoke it and follow foreign models, mostly the Greek one. Keywords: Nikola Sapunov, Ivan Naydenov, Bulgarian Church, confessional mobility, financial motives Dwaj uczestnicy walki o niezależny Kościół bułgarski. O czym właściwie mówią? (Nikoła Sapunow i Iwan Najdenow) Artykuł jest poświęcony tekstom dwóch uczestników walki o niezależny Kościół bułgarski – wspomnieniom i pamiętnikowi Nikoły Sapunowa (1815–1861) oraz korespondencji i innym pismom Iwana Najdenowa (1834–1910) – i kreśli nieco odmienny obraz dobrze znanych wydarzeń. Oprócz patriotyzmu, męczeństwa i planów politycznych, często kontrowersyjnych, ujawniają się w nich także osobiste namiętności, wzajemne animozje, ambicje i motywacje finansowe. Dla znacznej części działaczy bardzo ważny był autorytet sułtana osmańskiego (który był kalifem, przywódcą religijnym wszystkich muzułmanów), a także – zachowanie w mocy jego firmanu. Mobilność wyznaniowa w ramach religii chrześcijańskiej, jaka charakteryzowała życie Sapunowa i niektórych innych działaczy, wywoływała napięcia i polemiki, lecz nie wielkie starcia ideologiczne. Relacje z zagranicą, przede wszystkim z Rosją, były złożone i nie wynikało to tylko z faktu podejmowania przez siły z zewnątrz konkretnych interwencji, lecz również ze świadomego ich poszukiwania czy wręcz prowokowania ze strony bułgarskiej, a także z chęci naśladowania obcych wzorów, zwłaszcza greckich.
Religion-Based Cultural Communities in the Pre-Modern Balkans
Authors: Detrez Raymond
Published: January 2021

Religion-Based Cultural Communities in the Pre-Modern BalkansIntellectual life in the pre-modern Balkans was fragmented along religious lines. In the multi-ethnic religious communities (the Orthodox Christian, the Muslim and the Catholic), one particular “high code” language was used by the intellectual elites of the various ethnic groups as a shared means of communication in the field of worship, scholarship and literature. In addition, on behalf of the unschooled, who were ignorant of the high code, there existed within each community vernacular literature that was intended to instruct common people about the doctrine of their faith and keep them on the straight path. The use of a shared literary language strengthened the solidarity with each community but also increased the cultural divisiveness of the Balkans as a whole. The lack or scarcity of a high literature in a particular language is no indication of the “culturelessness” of its speakers. In fact, with their coreligionists they shared a rich high culture in one of the literary languages. Wspólnoty kulturowe oparte na religii na Bałkanach w czasach przednowoczesnychŻycie intelektualne na Bałkanach w czasach przednowoczesnych uległo rozdrobnieniu ze względu na podziały religijne. W wieloetnicznych wspólnotach wyznaniowych – prawosławnej, muzułmańskiej i katolickiej – jeden szczególny „wysoki” język był używany przez elity intelektualne różnych grup etnicznych jako wspólny środek komunikacji w dziedzinie kultu, edukacji i literatury. Obok niego, dla warstw niewykształconych, nieświadomych takiego kodu, w każdej społeczności istniała literatura w językach narodowych, mająca na celu pouczyć zwykłych ludzi o doktrynie ich wiary i właściwej drodze postępowania. Posługiwanie się wspólnym językiem literackim nie tylko wzmocniło solidarność międzywspólnotową, ale także zwiększyło kulturową różnorodność Bałkanów jako całości. Brak lub niedobór wysokiej literatury w danym języku nie świadczy o „braku kultury” u jej użytkowników. W rzeczywistości dzielili oni bowiem bogatą kulturę wysoką ze swoimi współwyznawcami za pośrednictwem innego języka literackiego.
“Per me reges regnant...” (Prov. 8:15): Wisdom in the First Vita of St. Simeon of Serbia
Authors: Gagova Nina
Published: January 2021

“Per me reges regnant...” (Prov. 8:15): Wisdom in the First Vita of St. Simeon of SerbiaThis article aims to trace the interpretation of the theme of Wisdom in the Vita of St. Simeon by St. Sava, and its connections with other biblical themes and motifs, with references to various literary sources, models, and patterns employed by the earliest Slavic literary tradition. By analyzing the biblical quotations in the text, the study tries to show why Wisdom occupies such an important place in the first Vita of St. Simeon and what this reveals about the message of the text in its historical and cultural context. “Per me reges regnant...” (Prz 8, 15). Temat Mądrości w pierwszym Żywocie św. Symeona SerbskiegoArtykuł ma na celu prześledzenie interpretacji tematu Mądrości w Żywocie św. Symeona autorstwa św. Sawy, jego powiązań z innymi biblijnymi tematami i motywami, z odniesieniem do różnych źródeł literackich, modeli i wzorów wykorzystywanych przez najwcześniejszą słowiańską tradycję piśmienniczą. Analiza cytatów biblijnych w tekście służy odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego temat Mądrości zajmuje tak ważne miejsce w pierwszym Żywocie św. Symeona i jak ten fakt nawiązuje do przesłania tekstu w jego kontekście historycznym i kulturowym.
Pravoslavni „rastanci” u Mulihovu Zrcalu pravednom (1742.)
Authors: Šutalo Goranka
Published: January 2021

The Separated Orthodox (rastanci) in Juraj Mulih’s Zrcalo pravedno [Righteous Mirror] (1742) Zrcalo pravedno (Zagreb, 1742) is a small catechism dealing with a controversial issue in which the Jesuit Juraj Mulih focused on the Orthodox Slavs (mainly Orthodox Grenzers who were predominantly Serbs) who arrived in the Habsburg Monarchy after the Great Migra­tion (1690), led by Patriarch Arsenius III. Crnojević. Mulih calls the Monarchy’s Orthodox rastanci (the Separated) but does not attach any negative attributes to the term. Therefore, it is closer to more neutral terms like grčkog zakona ljudi (people of Greek law) or simply hrišćani (Christians), which Mulih used already in the title of Zrcalo. However, as early as in the first doctrine, in which he writes about the Great Schism, Mulih uses the pejorative term schismatic Vlachs when talking about Orthodox believers. Despite occasional harsh criticism, Mulih was predominantly friendly towards the newly arrived Orthodox Christians, although he wrote extremely negatively about the Orthodox Greeks. The paper uses an imagological analytical method to define more clearly the confessional (Orthodox) otherness and, on the basis of this analysis, discover how religious (Catholic) identity formed in this context. Oddzieleni prawosławni („rastanci”) w Zrcalo pravedno (1742) Juraja Muliha Zrcalo pravedno (Zagrzeb, 1742) to niewielki katechizm polemiczny, w którym jezuita Juraj Mulih skupił się na kwestiach spornych wobec Słowian prawosławnych (zwłaszcza grenzerów, a więc w większości Serbów), przybyłych do monarchii habsburskiej wskutek Wielkiej Migracji (1690) patriarchy Arseniusza III Crnojevića. Mulih nazywa prawosław­nych w monarchii określeniem „rastanci” (oddzieleni), ale bez żadnych cech negatywnych. Bliżej mu do bardziej neutralnych terminów, takich jak: „grčkog zakona ljudi” (ludzie zakonu greckiego) lub po prostu „hrišćani” (chrześcijanie), które występują zresztą już w tytule jego dzieła. Niemniej w pierwszej części, poświęconej Wielkiej Schizmie, mówiąc o wyznawcach prawosławia, Mulih używa pejoratywnego określenia „Vlasi šizmatici” (schizmatycy Wołosi). Choć sporadycznie dopuszcza się ostrej krytyki, generalnie jest on przyjazny wobec nowo przybyłych chrześcijan prawosławnych, zaś negatywnie odnosi się do Greków. Autorka przy pomocy metody imagologicznej podejmuje próbę uchwycenia istoty odmienności wyznaniowej (prawosławnej) i tym samym sformułowania odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób kształtuje się (katolicka) tożsamość religijna.
O historii absolutnej klęski – krytyka religii w eseistycznej twórczości Josefa Šafaříka
Authors: Van Wissem Paula
Published: January 2021

On the History of Absolute Failure: Criticism of Religion in the Essays of Josef ŠafaříkThe article presents the thought of Czech dissident and essayist Josef Šafařík (1907–1992). A characteristic feature of Šafařík’s texts is deep criticism of culture. The sharpness of this criticism is directed against technocratic civilization, although it is not only a criticism of widely understood modernity. Šafařík sees the source of mankind’s existential crisis in religion, which legitimized technological progress and eventually led to the loss of the metaphysical aspect of humanity. Although this view is not isolated in (post)modern philosophy, Šafařík expressed it in a rather radical way: not so much to undermine the very foundations of European culture but to provoke in the reader a profound reinterpretation of established truths. In spite of the insightful criticism of religion, Šafařík’s texts are permeated by the metaphysical dimension, but the relation between human beings and transcendence is in this case reversed. According to Šafařík, the transcendental horizon is present only in the essence of man, not in the outer absolute, regardless of whether it is an absolute understood as an Idea, God, or Progress. The article presents analogies in the thought of Josef Šafařík, Jan Patočka and Jean-Francois Lyotard. O historii absolutnej klęski – krytyka religii w eseistycznej twórczości Josefa ŠafaříkaArtykuł przedstawia negatywną ocenę religii wyrażoną w eseistycznych tekstach czeskiego dysydenta i eseisty – Josefa Šafaříka (1907–1992). Charakterystyczną cechą tekstów Šafaříka jest głęboka krytyka kultury, która choć jest wycelowana przede wszystkim w technokratyczną cywilizację, nie jest wyłącznie oceną szeroko rozumianej nowoczesności. Josef Šafařík upatruje źródła egzystencjalnego kryzysu człowieka w ukształtowaniu kultury europejskiej poprzez religię, która legitymizując postęp techniczny, stała się przyczyną utraty przez człowieka zrozumienia dla tego, co metafizyczne. Według J. Šafaříka to właśnie religia wytworzyła dyktat finalizmu prowadzącego do dehumanizacji osoby ludzkiej. Choć pogląd ten nie jest w (po)nowoczesnej filozofii odosobniony, u autora dzieła Cestou k poslednímu zostaje wyrażony w prowokujący sposób – nie tyle po to, by podważyć same fundamenty kultury europejskiej, ile po to, by skłonić odbiorcę do dogłębnej reinterpretacji ustalonych prawd. Mimo surowej krytyki religii, jej kulturowej i społecznej roli, w tekstach Šafaříka cały czas obecny jest wymiar metafizyczny. Autor dokonuje jednak przeorientowania układu człowiek – metafizyka. Według niego horyzont transcendentalny obecny jest jedynie w istocie człowieka, nie w zewnętrznym absolucie, niezależnie od tego, czy jest to absolut rozumiany jako Idea, Bóg czy Postęp. W artykule ukazane są paralele pomiędzy myślą Josefa Šafaříka oraz Jana Patočki i Jeana-Francois Lyotarda.
Effect of Curcumin Coated with Polymethyl Methacrylate Nanoparticles on Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Ma Ximiao , Fu Fangyong
Published: January 2021

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with an extremely high incidence and mortality rate in clinical practice and its pathogenesis remains unclear at present. Currently, the methods for treating this disease have relatively high limitations. However, with the gradual maturity and application
of nanotechnology, a number of studies have pointed out that polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles (PMMA-NPs) encapsulated with curcumin (Cur) possibly becomes a new and effective scheme for treating lung cancer. First of all, Cur-PMMA-NPs were prepared. Their sizes were determined by characterization
techniques, and their effects on lung cancer cells A549 were detected by Cell proliferation experiment and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the cells was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that polyacrylic acid (PAA)-Cur-PMMA-NPs had a particle
size of (215.00±6.00) nm. The drug loading rate and the encapsulation rate of nanospheres were remarkably higher than those of free Cur (P < 0.05). After the intervention of PAA-Cur-PMMA-NPs in the cells, the cell proliferation and the Bcl-2 expression reduced, while the apoptotic
rate and the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 increased (P < 0.05). Accordingly, Cur-PMMA-NPs can inhibit lung cancer cells from growth and induce their apoptosis, so they are expected to become an effective intervention measure to improve the therapeutic effect on lung
cancer in the future.
Assessment of NWS County Warning Area Tornado Risk, Exposure, and Vulnerability
Authors: Strader Stephen M. , Haberlie Alex M. , Loitz Alexandra G.
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the interrelationships between National Weather Service (NWS) county warning area (CWA) tornado risk, exposure, and societal vulnerability. CWA climatological tornado risk is determined using historical tornado event data, and exposure and vulnerability are assessed by employing present-day population, housing, socioeconomic, and demographic metrics. In addition, tornado watches, warnings, warning lead times, false alarm warnings, and unwarned tornado reports are examined in relation to CWA risk, exposure, and vulnerability. Results indicate that southeastern U.S. CWAs are more susceptible to tornado impacts because of their greater tornado frequencies and larger damage footprints intersecting more vulnerable populations (e.g., poverty and manufactured homes). Midwest CWAs experience fewer tornadoes relative to Southeast and southern plains CWAs but encompass faster tornado translational speeds and greater population densities where higher concentrations of vulnerable individuals often reside. Northern plains CWAs contain longer-tracked tornadoes on average and larger percentages of vulnerable elderly and rural persons. Southern plains CWAs experience the highest tornado frequencies in general and contain larger percentages of minority Latinx populations. Many of the most socially vulnerable CWAs have shorter warning lead times and greater percentages of false alarm warnings and unwarned tornadoes. Study findings provide NWS forecasters with an improved understanding of the relationships between tornado risk, exposure, vulnerability, and warning outcomes within their respective CWAs. Findings may also assist NWS Weather Forecast Offices and the Warning Decision Training Division with developing training materials aimed at increasing NWS forecaster knowledge of how tornado risk, exposure, and vulnerability factors influence local tornado disaster potential.
Inter-pathologist Agreement on Structured Histopathology Reporting in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ganti Ashwin , Brown Hannah J. , Gattuso Paolo , Ghai Ritu , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Batra Pete S. , Tajudeen Bobby A.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Structured histopathology reporting is increasingly being utilized in rhinology to characterize endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis and guide management decisions after sinus surgery.

Objective:

The goal of this investigation is to evaluate inter-observer agreement in structured histopathology reporting.

Methods:

Two experienced head and neck pathologists independently compiled structured histopathology reports for tissue samples collected during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Cohen’s standard kappa (κ) coefficients were calculated for each histopathologic variable to assess inter-pathologist agreement.

Results:

A total of 92 cases were analyzed. Substantial inter-pathologist agreement was reached on tissue eosinophil count (κ = 0.64, P < .001), the presence of eosinophil aggregates (κ = 0.62, P < .001), and the presence of fungal elements (κ = 0.74, P < .001). There was moderate agreement on the degree of inflammation (κ = 0.56, P < .001) and the presence of squamous metaplasia (κ = 0.46, P < .001). There was fair agreement on the presence of neutrophil infiltrates (κ = 0.33, P < .001), the presence of hyperplastic changes (κ = 0.40, P < .001), and the presence of fibrosis (κ = 0.24, P = .022). There was only slight agreement on the degree of subepithelial edema (κ = 0.20, P = .008). The κ coefficients for basement membrane thickening and mucosal ulceration were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

High inter-pathologist agreement was demonstrated for several salient histopathologic variables, including tissue eosinophil count and the presence of eosinophil aggregates. However, refining the definitions of certain histopathologic variables may improve the reproducibility of structured histopathology reporting.
Determination of a Beckman Coulter AU turbidometric method-specific caeruloplasmin reference interval
Authors: Kaye Olivia E , Cook Paul
Published: January 2021

Background

Method-dependent variation of caeruloplasmin measurement is significant and necessitates the requirement for assay-specific reference intervals. Local determination becomes necessary in the absence of suitable published or manufacturer-quoted reference intervals.

Methods

Applicability of the Beckman Coulter AU-quoted reference interval was determined by assay of 20 surplus serum samples from patients attending the medical renal stones clinic at University Hospital Southampton. Subsequently, 60 additional samples were collected for local reference interval determination. Samples were analysed for caeruloplasmin using the Beckman Coulter AU turbidometric kit on an AU680 analyser. Outliers were removed, and non-parametric rank analysis of the results was performed.

Results

The Beckman Coulter-quoted reference interval of 200–600 mg/L was unsuitable with 40% of the verification samples falling below 200 mg/L. A caeruloplasmin reference interval of 150–320 mg/L was established.

Conclusion

Users should be aware the quoted Beckman Coulter AU turbidometric reference interval may not be appropriate. We have established a method-specific adult reference interval for routine use.
Increasing Organ Donor Registrations with Behavioral Interventions: A Field Experiment
Authors: Robitaille Nicole , Mazar Nina , Tsai Claire I. , Haviv Avery M. , Hardy Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Although prior research has advanced our understanding of the drivers of organ donation attitudes and intentions, little is known about how to increase actual registrations within explicit consent systems. Some empirical evidence suggests that costly, labor-intensive educational programs and mass-media campaigns might increase registrations; however, they are neither scalable nor economical solutions. To address these limitations, the authors conducted a field experiment (N = 3,330) in Ontario, Canada, testing the effectiveness of behaviorally informed promotion interventions as well as process improvements. They find that intercepting customers with materials targeting information and altruistic motives at the right time, along with streamlining customer service, significantly increased registrations. Specifically, the best-performing intervention, prompting perspective taking through reciprocal altruism (“If you needed a transplant would you have one?”), significantly increased new registration rates from 4.1% in the control condition to 7.4%. The authors followed up with seven posttests (total N = 3,376) to find support for their theoretical predictions and to explore the mechanisms through which the interventions may have operated. This article provides evidence for low-cost, scalable marketing solutions that increase organ donor registrations in a prompted choice context and has important implications for public policy and societal welfare.
Tourist Intercultural Competence: A Multidimensional Measurement and Its Impact on Tourist Active Participation and Memorable Cultural Experiences
Authors: Fan Daisy X. F. , Tsaur Sheng-Hshiung , Lin Jo-Hui , Chang Te-Yi , Tsa Yun-Ru Tsai
Published: January 2021

Cultural tourism has received increasing attention. Tourists’ intercultural competence represents the abilities to appropriately and efficiently interact with people across different cultures, helping tourists attain developing positive cultural exchange experiences. By adopting both qualitative and quantitative approaches, a multidimensional measurement of tourists’ intercultural competence was developed and validated in this study. Four factors of tourists’ intercultural competence were identified: intercultural responsibility, understanding, appreciation, and action. Furthermore, this study examined the association between tourists’ intercultural competence and memorable cultural experience and determined the mediating effects of tourists’ active participation. This study contributes to the cultural tourism literature by proposing a measurement of tourists’ intercultural competences and by establishing a framework illustrating how cultural tourists interact with different cultures, thus attaining memorable cultural experiences. Managerial implications for destination marketing and tourist management are discussed herein.
African American Activism: The Predictive Role of Race Related Stress, Racial Identity, and Social Justice Beliefs
Authors: Krueger N. T. , Garba R. , Stone-Sabali S. , Cokley K. O. , Bailey M.
Published: January 2021

Historically, African American activism has played a pivotal role in advancing social change in the United States. As such, there is an interest in examining possible factors that may engender activism among African Americans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to extend research by Szymanski and Lewis (2015), which explored potential predictors of activism among African Americans. With a sample of 458 African American undergraduates, race-related stress, racial identity dimensions, and social justice variables were examined. A four-stage, multiple linear hierarchical regression model and two multiple mediation bootstrap analyses were employed. Race-related stress and racial identity attitudes significantly and uniquely predicted involvement in African American activism, complementing existing literature. Beyond that, social justice beliefs predicted African American activism over and above racial identity and race-related stress. More specifically, social justice subjective norms (i.e., social influence) was the most important predictor of activism for African American undergraduates. Implications for social justice development within institutions of higher education are discussed.