bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and Affective Matching Effects in Persuasion
Authors: Clarkson Joshua J. , Tormala Zakary L. , Rucker Derek D.
Published: July 2011

Past research suggests that cognitive and affective attitudes are more open to change toward cognitive and affective (i.e., matched) persuasive attacks, respectively. The present research investigates how attitude certainty influences this openness. Although an extensive literature suggests that certainty generally reduces an attitude’s openness to change, the authors explore the possibility that certainty might increase an attitude’s openness to change in the context of affective or cognitive appeals. Based on the recently proposed amplification hypothesis, the authors posit that high (vs. low) attitude certainty will boost the resistance of attitudes to mismatched attacks (e.g., affective attitudes attacked by cognitive messages) but boost the openness of attitudes to matched attacks (e.g., affective attitudes attacked by affective messages). Two experiments provide support for this hypothesis. Implications for increasing the openness of attitudes to both matched and mismatched attacks are discussed.
An Analysis of Written Conductive Energy Device Policies
Authors: Thomas Kyle J. , Collins Peter A. , Lovrich Nicholas P.
Published: July 2011

Although scholars have recognized the utility of conductive energy devices as less-than-lethal force tools, there have been concerns over the misuse of the device and the adverse health effects associated with its use in the field. In an attempt to improve policy, scholars and policing organizations, such as the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF), have developed “model” written CED policies as guidelines. It is expected that adherence to these policies can improve the overall effectiveness of the device as well as reduce many negative outcomes. This study reviews and compares the written CED policies of 124 municipal policing agencies to the model policies set forth by PERF. The findings indicate that municipal police agencies have done a rather poor job meeting these recommendations. Implications and recommendations for making broad improvements to CED policies are discussed.
Shear Morphing Skins - Simulation and Testing of Optimized Design
Authors: Asheghian Laila , Reich Greg , Enke Andrew , Kudva Jay
Published: July 2011

Previous work designed and tested novel morphing wing designs that were enabled by ‘shear-morphing’ skins capable of withstanding 400 psf (19.15 kPa) airloads while simultaneously undergoing shear strains over 100%. These ad hoc skin designs consisted of high-strain silicone facesheets supported by thin, closely spaced aluminum strands glued to the facesheets and bounded by pin-jointed frames. While these performed well in wind tunnel and flight tests, two areas for improvement were identified: reduction in manufacturing complexity and reduction in actuation force requirements. In this research, with the use of high-fidelity modeling (ANSYS) and in-house testing, a new design was obtained that met both of the desired objectives using novel materials and single-piece support structure fabrication. Using an optimized design from analysis, the ANSYS code was validated through manufacture and testing of panels. This article details the results of testing and compares them to predictions of both the ANSYS code and N-MAS baseline designs values by various test setups. Results presented include shear morphing forces/energy, out-of-plane displacement under air loading, and 3D photometric analysis of shearing panels for identification of stresses/strains and wrinkling initialization in the skin. Testing provided substantiation of the ANSYS code, matching the general predicted trends despite a wide variability in material properties.
University Students’ Perceptions of an Inclusive Music Production
Authors: Cassidy Jane W. , Colwell Cynthia M.
Published: July 2011

A total of 130 undergraduate and graduate music education and music therapy students watched a videotape of elementary children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typical peers preparing and performing in a musical production. The focus of the video was on preparation for inclusion, inclusive interactions, and the performance. Four questions addressing inclusion that required written responses from participants were posed. Responses were categorized for comparisons. Results indicated no significant difference due to training (music therapy majors, music education majors with and without class discussions on inclusion; p > .05). All groups focused on social more than academic benefits for all children. Participants noted the following: benefit of being in a musical play for the children with CP, that children without CP benefited from exposure to information about the disability, that children with CP gained from interacting with typical peers and from making a new friend, and many of the techniques teachers used to prepare students for successful inclusion. More than a third were concerned that their future students would not accept children with disabilities in the classroom or that children with disabilities would be incapable. There is an apparent inability to make the transfer of using the identified teaching techniques to enable their own future efforts at inclusion to be successful.
Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Field Thalia S. , Hill Michael D.
Published: July 2011

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a potentially fatal but preventable complication of stroke. Reported rates of VTE after stroke have decreased over the last four decades, possibly due to the implementation of stroke units, early mobilization and hydration, and increased early use of antiplatelets. Additional means of thromboprophylaxis in stroke include mechanical methods (ie, compression stockings) to prevent venous stasis and medical therapy including antiplatelets, heparins, and heparinoids. Risk of VTE must be balanced by potential risk of hemorrhagic complications from pharmacotherapy. Unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and danaparoid are acceptable options for chemoprophylaxis though none have shown superior efficacy for VTE prevention without an associated increase in major hemorrhage. The efficacy and timing of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in hemorrhagic stroke are not well defined. Graduated compression stockings are associated with an increased rate of adverse events and are not recommended and intermittent pneumatic compression stockings require further investigation.
Multiple sclerosis relapses are not associated with exercise
Authors: Tallner A , Waschbisch A , Wenny I , Schwab S , Hentschke C , Pfeifer K , Mäurer M
Published: July 2011

Since multiple sclerosis (MS) often affects physically active young individuals, it is important to know if exercise can result in increased disease activity. Therefore we used a self-report questionnaire to examine the relationship of different levels of sports activity and relapses in 632 patients with MS. In order to analyse whether subjective recall might have biased the results, we performed, in a subgroup of our sample, an objective assessment of clinical data and physical fitness parameters. We were unable to find any association between sports activity and clinical relapses in either of the two analyses. The group with highest activity even shows the lowermost mean values, standard deviations and range concerning the number of relapses. Our data suggest that physical activity has no significant influence on clinical disease activity.
A human promyelocytic-like population is responsible for the immune suppression mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Solito Samantha , Falisi Erika , Diaz-Montero Claudia Marcela , Doni Andrea , Pinton Laura , Rosato Antonio , Francescato Samuela , Basso Giuseppe , Zanovello Paola , Onicescu Georgiana , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Montero Alberto J. , Bronte Vincenzo , Mandruzzato Susanna
Published: July 2011

We recently demonstrated that human BM cells can be treated in vitro with defined growth factors to induce the rapid generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), hereafter defined as BM-MDSCs. Indeed, combination of G-CSF + GM-CSF led to the development of a heterogeneous mixture of immature myeloid cells ranging from myeloblasts to band cells that were able to suppress alloantigen- and mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes. Here, we further investigate the mechanism of suppression and define the cell subset that is fully responsible for BM-MDSC–mediated immune suppression. This population, which displays the structure and markers of promyelocytes, is however distinct from physiologic promyelocytes that, instead, are devoid of immuosuppressive function. In addition, we demonstrate that promyelocyte-like cells proliferate in the presence of activated lymphocytes and that, when these cells exert suppressive activity, they do not differentiate but rather maintain their immature phenotype. Finally, we show that promyelocyte-like BM-MDSCs are equivalent to MDSCs present in the blood of patients with breast cancer and patients with colorectal cancer and that increased circulating levels of these immunosuppressive myeloid cells correlate with worse prognosis and radiographic progression.
Postprandial hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk: focus on incretins
Authors: Ansar Sameer , Koska Juraj , Reaven Peter D
Published: July 2011

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is only partially reduced by intensive glycemic control. Diabetic dyslipidemia is suggested to be an additional important contributor to CVD risk in T2DM. Multiple lipid lowering medications effectively reduce fasting LDL cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations and several of them routinely reduce CVD risk. However, in contemporary Western societies the vasculature is commonly exposed to prolonged postprandial hyperlipidemia. Metabolism of these postprandial carbohydrates and lipids yields multiple proatherogenic products. Even a transient increase in these factors may worsen vascular function and induces impaired endothelial dependent vasodilatation, a predictor of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events. There is a recent increased appreciation for the role of gut-derived incretin hormones in controlling the postprandial metabolic milieu. Incretin-based medications have been developed and are now used to control postprandial hyperglycemia in T2DM. Recent data indicate that these medications may also have profound effects on postprandial lipid metabolism and may favorably influence several cardiovascular functions. This review discusses (1) the postprandial state with special emphasis on postprandial lipid metabolism and its role in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk, (2) the ability of incretins to modulate postprandial hyperlipidemia and (3) the potential of incretin-based therapeutic strategies to improve vascular function and reduce CVD risk.
Molecular and cellular correlates of the CIITA-mediated inhibition of HTLV-2 Tax-2 transactivator function resulting in loss of viral replication
Authors: Orlandi Chiara , Forlani Greta , Tosi Giovanna , Accolla Roberto S
Published: July 2011

Background

MHC class II transactivator CIITA inhibits the function of HTLV-2 Tax-2 viral transactivator and, consequently, the replication of the virus in infected cells. Moreover overexpression of the nuclear factor NF-YB, that cooperates with CIITA for the expression of MHC class II genes, results also in inhibition of Tax-2 transactivation. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the cellular and molecular basis of the CIITA-mediated inhibition on Tax-2, and the relative role of NF-YB in this phenomenon.

Methods

By co-immunoprecipitation of lysates from 293T cells cotransfected with CIITA or fragments of it, and Tax-2 it was assessed whether the two factors interactin vivo. A similar approach was used to assess Tax-2-NF-YB interaction. In parallel, deletion fragments of CIITA were tested for the inhibition of Tax-2-dependent HTLV-2 LTR-luciferase transactivation. Subcellular localization of CIITA and Tax-2 was investigated by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.

Results

CIITA and Tax-2 interactin vivothrough at least two independent regions, at the 1-252 N-term and at the 410-1130 C-term, respectively. Interestingly only the 1-252 N-term region mediates Tax-2 functional inhibition. CIITA and Tax-2 are localized both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, when separately expressed. Instead, when coexpressed, most of Tax-2 colocalize with CIITA in cytoplasm and around the nuclear membrane. The Tax-2 minor remaining nuclear portion also co-localizes with CIITA. Interestingly, when CIITA nucleus-cytoplasm shuttling is blocked by leptomycin B treatment, most of the Tax-2 molecules are also blocked and co-localize with CIITA in the nucleus, suggesting that CIITA-Tax-2 binding does not preclude Tax-2 entry into the nucleus.

Finally, the nuclear factor NF-YB, also strongly binds to Tax-2. Notably, although endogenous NF-YB does not inhibit Tax-2-dependent HTLV-2 LTR transactivation, it still binds to Tax-2, and in presence of CIITA, this binding seems to increase.

Conclusions

These results strongly suggest that CIITA inhibit Tax-2 by binding the viral transactivator both directly or through a tripartite interaction with NF-YB in. CIITA is therefore a viral restriction factor for HTLV-2 and this open the possibility to control HTLV-2 viral replication and spreading by the controlled induction of CIITA in infected cells
Meta-analysis of multiple microarray datasets reveals a common gene signature of metastasis in solid tumors
Authors: Daves Marla H , Hilsenbeck Susan G , Lau Ching C , Man Tsz-Kwong
Published: July 2011

Background

Metastasis is the number one cause of cancer deaths. Expression microarrays have been widely used to study metastasis in various types of cancer. We hypothesize that a meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets in various tumor types can identify a signature of metastasis that is common to multiple tumor types. This common signature of metastasis may help us to understand the shared steps in the metastatic process and identify useful biomarkers that could predict metastatic risk.

Methods

We identified 18 publicly available gene expression datasets in the Oncomine database comparing distant metastases to primary tumors in various solid tumors which met our eligibility criteria. We performed a meta-analysis using a modified permutation counting method in order to obtain a common gene signature of metastasis. We then validated this signature in independent datasets using gene set expression comparison analysis with the LS-statistic.

Results

A common metastatic signature of 79 genes was identified in the metastatic lesions compared with primaries with a False Discovery Proportion of less than 0.1. Interestingly, all the genes in the signature, except one, were significantly down-regulated, suggesting that overcoming metastatic suppression may be a key feature common to all metastatic tumors. Pathway analysis of the significant genes showed that the genes were involved in known metastasis-associated pathways, such as integrin signaling, calcium signaling, and VEGF signaling. To validate the signature, we used an additional six expression datasets that were not used in the discovery study. Our results showed that the signature was significantly enriched in four validation sets with p-values less than 0.05.

Conclusions

We have modified a previously published meta-analysis method and identified a common metastatic signature by comparing primary tumors versus metastases in various tumor types. This approach, as well as the gene signature identified, provides important insights to the common metastatic process and a foundation for future discoveries that could have broad application, such as drug discovery, metastasis prediction, and mechanistic studies.
Fetal alcohol exposure leads to abnormal olfactory bulb development and impaired odor discrimination in adult mice
Authors: Akers Katherine G , Kushner Steven A , Leslie Ana T , Clarke Laura , van der Kooy Derek , Lerch Jason P , Frankland Paul W
Published: July 2011

Background

Children whose mothers consumed alcohol during pregnancy exhibit widespread brain abnormalities and a complex array of behavioral disturbances. Here, we used a mouse model of fetal alcohol exposure to investigate relationships between brain abnormalities and specific behavioral alterations during adulthood.

Results

Mice drank a 10% ethanol solution throughout pregnancy. When fetal alcohol-exposed offspring reached adulthood, we used high resolution MRI to conduct a brain-wide screen for structural changes and found that the largest reduction in volume occurred in the olfactory bulbs. Next, we tested adult mice in an associative olfactory task and found that fetal alcohol exposure impaired discrimination between similar odors but left odor memory intact. Finally, we investigated olfactory bulb neurogenesis as a potential mechanism by performing anin vitroneurosphere assay,in vivolabeling of new cells using BrdU, andin vivolabeling of new cells using a transgenic reporter system. We found that fetal alcohol exposure decreased the number of neural precursor cells in the subependymal zone and the number of new cells in the olfactory bulbs during the first few postnatal weeks.

Conclusions

Using a combination of techniques, including structural brain imaging,in vitroandin vivocell detection methods, and behavioral testing, we found that fetal alcohol exposure results in smaller olfactory bulbs and impairments in odor discrimination that persist into adulthood. Furthermore, we found that these abnormalities in olfactory bulb structure and function may arise from deficits in the generation of new olfactory bulb neurons during early postnatal development.
The Protein Kinase A Pathway Regulates CYP17 Expression and Androgen Production in the Human Placenta
Authors: Escobar Julian C. , Carr Bruce R.
Published: July 2011

Background:

Our previous work demonstrated that the human placenta expresses CYP17 and is capable of de novo production of C-19 steroids; thus, it has intrinsic capacity to generate estrogens without fetal or maternal steroid precursors.

Objective:

Our objective was to elucidate the regulation of CYP17 expression and androgen production in the human trophoblasts.

Methods:

Fresh placentas and JEG-3 cells were used for all experiments. CYP17 mRNA analysis was performed via RT-PCR, and steroid products were quantified using RIA. To assess protein kinase A (PKA) pathway involvement, a pharmacological approach was used with forskolin (FSK) (10 μm), an activator, and H89 (10 μm), an inhibitor of the PKA pathway.

Results:

FSK treatment amplified CYP17 mRNA levels in both cell types when compared with basal, with levels increasing over time, peaking at 72 h, and appearing more robust in primary cells; this difference ranged from 2- to 10-fold and was statistically significant at all time points. Meanwhile, H89 reduced CYP17 levels and blunted the effect of FSK when the treatments were combined. Similarly, FSK treatment significantly increased 17α-hydroxyprogesterone concentration in both cell cultures, and H89 blunted that effect as well.

Conclusions:

We confirm again that the human trophoblast expresses CYP17 and is able to generate estrogen precursors. We demonstrate that this process is regulated, at least in part, by the cAMP/PKA pathway.
Differential Nongenetic Impact of Birth Weight Versus Third-Trimester Growth Velocity on Glucose Metabolism and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abdominal Obesity in Young Healthy Twins
Authors: Pilgaard Kasper , Hammershaimb Mosbech Thomas , Grunnet Louise , Eiberg Hans , Van Hall Gerrit , Fallentin Eva , Larsen Torben , Larsen Rasmus , Poulsen Pernille , Vaag Allan
Published: July 2011

Context:

Low birth weight is associated with type 2 diabetes, which to some extent may be mediated via abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance. Fetal growth velocity is high during the third trimester, constituting a potential critical window for organ programming. Intra-pair differences among monozygotic twins are instrumental in determining nongenetic associations between early environment and adult metabolic phenotype.

Objective:

Our objective was to investigate the relationship between size at birth and third-trimester growth velocity on adult body composition and glucose metabolism using intra-pair differences in young healthy twins.

Methods:

Fifty-eight healthy twins (42 monozygotic/16 dizygotic) aged 18–24 yr participated. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. Whole-body fat was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, whereas abdominal visceral and sc fat (L1–L4) were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Third-trimester growth velocity was determined by repeated ultrasound examinations.

Results:

Size at birth was nongenetically inversely associated with adult visceral and sc fat accumulation but unrelated to adult insulin action. In contrast, fetal growth velocity during third trimester was not associated with adult visceral or sc fat accumulation. Interestingly, third-trimester growth was associated with insulin action in a paradoxical inverse manner.

Conclusions:

Abdominal adiposity including accumulation of both sc and visceral fat may constitute primary nongenetic factors associated with low birth weight and reduced fetal growth before the third trimester. Reduced fetal growth during vs. before the third trimester may define distinct adult trajectories of metabolic and anthropometric characteristics influencing risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Reprogrammable magnonic crystals formed by interacting ferromagnetic nanowires
Authors: Topp Jesco , Duerr Georg , Thurner Klaus , Grundler Dirk
Published: July 2011

Spin-wave (SW) modes are addressed which are confined in thin individual Ni80Fe20 nanowires with widths ranging from 220 to 360 nm. In periodic arrays with an edge-to-edge separation of down to 100 nm, confined modes of neighboring nanowires are found to couple coherently and form allowed minibands and forbidden frequency gaps. This gives rise to a one-dimensional magnonic crystal. We present all-electrical SW spectroscopy data and micromagnetic simulations. We find that the nanowire arrays allow us to reprogram the relevant magnonic band structure via the magnetic history. A forbidden frequency gap of up to about 1 GHz is controlled by an in-plane magnetic field being as small as a few mT.
Changes in cerebral blood flow velocity in patients with hypothyroidism
Authors: Utku Uygar , Gokce Mustafa , Özkaya Mesut
Published: July 2011

Background

At present, hypothyroidism is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of hypothyroidism on cerebral blood flow velocity with transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography.

Design and methods

In this study, 30 subjects were enrolled for clinical, subclinical, and healthy control groups. Bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) peak-systolic, end-diastolic, and mean blood flow velocities; Gosling's pulsatility index values; and Pourcelot's resistance index values were recorded and compared with each other. TCD was performed in clinical hypothyroid patients after they became euthyroid with thyroid hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The initial and post-HRT results for the clinical hypothyroid group were then compared and evaluated.

Results

There were 30 subjects in each group. Men/women ratio and mean age in clinical hypothyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, and control groups were 3/27, 4/26, and 5/25, and 37.4, 34.4, and 36.7 respectively. Peak-systolic, end-diastolic, and mean blood flow velocities of bilateral MCA were similar in clinical and subclinical hypothyroid groups but significantly higher when compared with the control group. After adequate thyroid HRT in clinical hypothyroid group, the peak-systolic, end-diastolic, and mean blood flow velocities were significantly decreased.

Conclusions

Increased cerebral blood flow velocities were observed in clinical and subclinical patients with hypothyroidism. The normalization of increased blood flow velocity with thyroid HRT suggests a reversible condition.
Changes in breast cancer biomarkers in the IGF1R/PI3K pathway in recurrent breast cancer after tamoxifen treatment
Authors: Drury S C , Detre S , Leary A , Salter J , Reis-Filho J , Barbashina V , Marchio C , Lopez-Knowles E , Ghazoui Z , Habben K , Arbogast S , Johnston S , Dowsett M
Published: July 2011

Development of resistance to the antioestrogen tamoxifen occurs in a large proportion of patients with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer and is an important clinical challenge. While loss of ER occurs in c.20% of tamoxifen-resistant tumours, this cannot be the sole explanation for tamoxifen treatment failure. PI3K pathway activation, including by insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R), has been implicated in some resistance models. The primary aim was to determine whether evidence exists in clinical breast cancer for a role of IGF1R and/or the PI3K pathway, in acquisition of resistance to tamoxifen. Invasive primary and recurrent tamoxifen-resistant tumours from the same patient (n=77) were assessed for changes in ER, progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), IGF1R, stathmin, PTEN expression andPIK3CAmutations where possible. ER and PgR levels were significantly reduced at recurrence with 22 and 45%, respectively, showing negative status at this time. Acquisition of HER2 overexpression occurred in 6% of cases. IGF1R expression was significantly reduced in both ER+ and ER− recurrences and stathmin levels increased. A positive association between stathmin and IGF1R emerged in recurrent samples, despite their opposing relationships with ER, suggesting some coalescence of their activities may be acquired. The data confirm loss of ER and PgR and gain of HER2 in some tamoxifen-resistant tumours. There is no evidence for IGF1R gain in tamoxifen resistance; increases in stathmin levels suggest that activation of the PI3K pathway may have contributed, but PTEN loss andPIK3CAhotspot mutations were relatively rare.
Cerebrovascular diseases in Uberlandia: I. mortality
Authors: Castro Samuel Caputo de , Guimarães Mauro , Castro Neuza M. D. de
Published: July 2011

We have analyzed 1361 death certificates, during the year of 1982 in Uberlandia (Brazil), all deaths of residents and not deathbirths. In 47% the deaths were assisted by a physician and the cause of death proved. The first basic cause of death found was cardiovascular diseases (23.3%). The second, infectious diseases particularly Chagas' disease (14.9%) and the third traumatic lesions and poisonings (14.4%). Cerebrovascular diseases were the seventh basic cause of death (6.5%) but the third most related disease at the death certificates (12.7%). It is important to stress that the mortality index change considerably if we consider the disease as a basic cause of death or in more than one position in the death certificate. For instance in Uberlandia the index for CVD was 30 and 63/100.000 inab/year, respectively. The carriers of arterial hypertension presented CVD related at death certificate 10 times more than in the not carriers of hypertension.
Exame citológico do líquido céfalo-raquidiano no diagnóstico de neoplasias primitivas ou metastáticas do sistema nervoso: a propósito de seis casos
Authors: Moraes-Rêgo Sydney F. de , Moraes-Rêgo Kátia G. de
Published: July 2011

Os autores reportam o encontro de células neoplásicas em 6 casos de exames de LCR realizados na rotina do laboratório. Em 5 casos o encontro dessas células foi acidental: meduloblastoma (caso 1); melanoma (caso 2); adenocarcinoma (caso 3); meningite carcinomatosa (caso 4) e neuroleucemia (caso 5). Em um caso havia suspeita clínica de neuroleucemia (caso 6). A ocorrência imprevisível de células neoplásicas no LCR exige que o liquorologista domine a citologia oncótica, para que não sejam perdidas informações essenciais para o diagnóstico, prognóstico e terapêutica do caso em estudo. A técnica para a obtenção de preparados destinados ao estudo da citologia do LCR foi desenvolvida no laboratório dos autores e mostrou-se adequada, por permitir o reconhecimento de celular inflamatórias e de células neoplásicas com igual segurança. O fundamento da técnica descrita consiste na preparação de esfregaços de pequena extensão, muito finos que secam quase instantaneamente ao ar, permitindo assim que a estrutura das células seja conservada. Para tanto o sedimento resultante da centrifugação de 5-8ml de LCR é suspenso no pouco de LCR que sobra no tubo após o sobrenadante ter sido transferido para o outro tubo. O tubo que contém o sedimento é mantido invertido com a mão esquerda do operador, que, com a direita, toca o fundo do tubo com micropipeta de Pasteur, feita pela distenção de um tubo de microhematócrito, previamente colado ao cabo de uma alça de platina com 2mm de diâmetro. Uma gota da suspensão de células é soprada com pipetador hematológico sobre uma lâmina e distendida com alça, à moda de "pente" numa área máxima de 1cm². Após secagem por agitação ao ar, o preparado é corado pelo Giemsa ou Leishman.
Achados eletrencefalográficos na encefalopatia mioclônica pós anóxica
Authors: Moreira Filho Pedro F. , Sarmento Maria Rosa S.
Published: July 2011

Foram submetidos a exame eletrencefalográfico (EEG) 9 pacientes, 7 do sexo feminino e dois do masculino, os quais após terem sofrido períodos variáveis de hipoxia cerebral provocada ou por parada cárdio-respiratória (8 casos) ou por ferida da artéria carótida primitiva esquerda e choque séptico (um caso) desenvolveram abalos mioclônicos. As características do EEG de nossos enfermos, foram compatíveis às referidas por Gastaut e Rémond em 1952. Em dois pacientes (casos 6 e 9) o componente onda do complexo ponta onda foi mais rápido que os registrados nos traçados dos demais pacientes.
Síndrome da medula presa: registro de dois casos
Authors: Machado Marco Antonio de Oliveira , Lemos Sérgio , Morais Josaphat Vilela de
Published: July 2011

Registro de dois casos da síndrome de medula presa nos quais o estabelecimento correto do diagnóstico permitiu adotar conduta terapêutica adequada. Esta consiste na ressecção cirúrgica do filum terminale. São comentados aspectos embriológicos e fisiopatogênicos de interesse à síndrome, bem como são analisadas suas manifestações clínicas principais, os exames complementares que possibilitam o diagnóstico, particularmente a mielografia, e aspectos da terapêutica cirúrgica.
Retinoblastoma de extensão supra-selar: registro de um caso
Authors: Martino Maria Lucia de , Amantea Sérgio Luis , Ulbrich Jane Maria da Silva , Barbosa-Coutinho Ligia Maria
Published: July 2011

Os autores discutem os achados de autópsia de uma criança de dois anos de idade, feminina, portadora de retinoblastoma unilateral, com enucleação prévia, que apresentou propagação para a região supra-selar, além de metástases à distância.
Neurinoma maligno infratentorial: relato de um caso
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Guerreiro Marilisa M. , Piovesana Ana Maria S. G.
Published: July 2011

Os autores relatam a presença de neurinoma maligno do forame jugular em uma menina de 2 anos e 9 meses de idade, não associado à doença de von Recklinghausen. Foi realizada cirurgia parcial da lesão tumoral. É salientada a baixa incidência desta entidade, sobremaneira nas crianças, frente à literatura revista.
Correlative scanning and transmission electron microscopic study on the ependymal surface of Cebus apella
Authors: Carvalho Cáudio A. Ferraz de , Watanabe II-Sei , Souza Romeu Rodrigues de
Published: July 2011

Topographical variations of the ependymal surface of the whole brain ventricular system of Cebus apella, a wild Brazilian species, were studied at the scanning electron microscope after C02 critical point drying and carbon-gold coating. Certain selected areas were also studied at the transmission electron microscope, following standard technical procedures. We observed distinct patterns in the distribution of cilia, microvilli, other cell projections, and the so called supraependymal structures. Based on the morphological findings, functional considerations are made.
Carcinoma originado em cisto epidermoide intracraniano: registro de caso
Authors: Maffazzoni Deise Regina , Barbosa-Coutinho Lígia Maria , Chemalle Ivan de Mello , Maciel Edison
Published: July 2011

Os autores descrevem um caso de paciente masculino, de 45 anos de idade, que foi hospitalizado por crises convulsivas. O exame neurológico revelou exoftalmia com ptose palpebral e ausência de reflexo fotomotor no olho esquerdo. O exame de fundo de olho demonstrou a presença de edema de papila bilateral. A radiografia de crânio e a angiografia carotídea esquerda revelaram processo expansivo localizado junto à pequena asa do esfenóide. O paciente foi submetido à cirurgia com ressecção do tumor, cujo diagnóstico histopatológico foi de cistos epidermóides múltiplos intracerebrais, com desenvolvimento de carcinoma epidermóide em um deles, com infiltração de meninges.
Clinical and genetic analysis of 29 Brazilian patients with Huntington's disease-like phenotype
Authors: Rodrigues Guilherme Riccioppo , Walker Ruth H. , Bader Benedikt , Danek Adrian , Brice Alexis , Cazeneuve Cécile , Russaouen Odile , Lopes-Cendes Iscia , Marques Jr. Wilson , Tumas Vitor
Published: July 2011

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea, behavioral disturbances and dementia, caused by a pathological expansion of the CAG trinucleotide in the HTT gene. Several patients have been recognized with the typical HD phenotype without the expected mutation. The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of diseases such as Huntington's disease-like 2 (HDL2), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA7, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) among 29 Brazilian patients with a HD-like phenotype. In the group analyzed, we found 3 patients with HDL2 and 2 patients with ChAc. The diagnosis was not reached in 79.3% of the patients. HDL2 was the main cause of the HD-like phenotype in the group analyzed, and is attributable to the African ancestry of this population. However, the etiology of the disease remains undetermined in the majority of the HD negative patients with HD-like phenotype.
Curitiba acute ischemic stroke protocol: a university hospital and EMS initiative in a large Brazilian city
Authors: Lange Marcos Christiano , Zétola Viviane Flumignan , Parolin Monica F. , Zamproni Laura N. , Fernandes Artur F. , Piovesan Élcio Juliato , Nóvak Edison Matos , Werneck Lineu César
Published: July 2011

Few healthcare centers in Brazil perform thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe an interinstitutional protocol for the rapid identification and thrombolytic treatment of AIS patients at a public health hospital in a large Brazilian city. METHOD: Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel evaluated 433 patients with possible stroke during a six-month period. After a standard checklist, patients with suspected AIS and symptoms onset of less than two hours were evaluated at our University Hospital (UH). RESULTS: Sixty-five (15%) patients met the checklist criteria and had a symptom onset of less than two hours, but only 50 (11%) patients were evaluated at the UH. Among them, 35 (70%) patients had ischemic stroke, 10 (20%) had hemorrhagic stroke, and 5 (10%) had other diagnoses. Of the 35 ischemic stroke patients, 15 (43%) underwent IV thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that trained EMS workers could help to improve the rate of thrombolytic treatment in large Brazilian cities. Permanent training programs for EMS and hospital staff, with quality control and correct identification of AIS patients, should be implemented to increase appropriate thrombolytic therapy rates in Brazil.
Pattern of P50 suppression deficit in patients with epilepsy and individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Becker Jefferson , Filho Irenio Gomes da Silva , Filho Hélio Fernandes da Silva , Schuch Alice , Ramos Fernanda Lia de Paula , Ghisolfi Eduardo Sörensen , Lara Diogo Rizzato , Costa Jaderson Costa da
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE: To identify P50 suppression in patients with epilepsy, to investigate the effect of seizure control on P50 suppression, and to compare epilepsy patients with individuals with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers. METHOD: P50 evoked potential parameters and P50 suppression were studied crossectionally in patients with uncontrolled or controlled epilepsy, in individuals with schizophrenia and in healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Individuals with schizophrenia had significantly smaller conditioning stimulus (S1) amplitude, and patients with epilepsy had larger test stimulus (S2) amplitude. Mean S2/S1 ratio was 0.71±0.33 for patients with uncontrolled epilepsy; 0.68±0.36 for patients with controlled epilepsy; 0.96±0.47 for individuals with schizophrenia, and 0.42±0.24 for healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION: The sensory filter of patients with epilepsy is altered, and this alteration is not associated with seizure control. Also, it works differently from the sensory filter of individuals with schizophrenia.
Neuroimmunological findings of Angiostrongylus cantonensis meningitis in ecuadorian patients
Authors: Dorta-Contreras Alberto J. , Padilla-Docal Barbara , Moreira Juan M. , Robles Luiggi Martini , Aroca Jenny Muzzio , Alarcón Fernando , Bu-Coifiu- Fanego Raisa
Published: July 2011

Meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis has recently been reported in patients resulting from the first outbreaks in subtropical regions of Ecuador. METHOD: Eight young adult patients from the two outbreaks were studied. IgA, IgM, IgG and albumin in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were quantified and plotted in cerebrospinal fluid/serum quotient diagrams (Reibergrams). The anamnesis on the patients included asking about any consumption of raw snails, symptoms and harm caused. RESULTS: Mean eosinophilia of 7.5% and 26% in serum and cerebrospinal fluid respectively was observed, as well as a moderate increase in total proteins. The most frequent pattern of intrathecal synthesis was observed in three classes of immunoglobulins. Intrathecal synthesis of IgM was observed in all cases two weeks after the first symptoms appeared. CONCLUSION: The intrathecal synthesis patterns of eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis, facilitated by cerebrospinal fluid analysis, were similar to those of previous cases from abroad.
Enterovirus and herpesviridae family as etiologic agents of lymphomonocytary meningitis, Southern Brazil
Authors: Vidal Luine Rosele Renaud , Almeida Sérgio Monteiro de , Messias-Reason Iara José de , Nogueira Meri Bordignon , Debur Maria do Carmo , Pessa Luís Felipe Cavalli , Pereira Luciane Aparecida , Rotta Indianara , Takahashi Gislene Reche de Almeida , Silveira Clyete Santos da , Araújo Josianne Maria Reimann , Raboni Sonia Mara
Published: July 2011

Viral meningitis is a common infectious disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that occurs worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the etiologic agent of lymphomonocytary meningitis in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. During the period of July 2005 to December 2006, 460 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples with lymphomonocytary meningitis were analyzed by PCR methodologies. Fifty nine (12.8%) samples were positive. Enteroviruses was present in 49 (83%) samples and herpes virus family in 10 (17%), of these 6 (10%) herpes simplex virus, 1 (2%) Epstein Barr virus, 2 (3%) human herpes virus type 6 and 1 (2%) mixed infection of enterovirus and Epstein Barr virus. As conclusion enterovirus was the most frequent virus, with circulation during summer and was observed with higher frequency between 4 to 17 years of age. PCR methodology is an important method for rapid detection of RNA enterovirus and DNA herpesvirus in CSF.
Eventos adversos relacionados a medicamentos: percepção de técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem
Authors: Corbellini Valéria Lamb , Schilling Maria Cristina Lore , Frantz Solange Fassbinder , Godinho Tatiana Gonçalves , Urbanetto Janete de Souza
Published: July 2011

O processo de administração de medicamentos está relacionado a um índice elevado de eventos adversos e têm sido foco de investimento das instituições. Este estudo prepôs-se a conhecer a percepção de técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem sobre eventos adversos relacionados a medicamentos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com dez profissionais técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem de uma unidade de internação clínico-cirúrgica, em um hospital universitário da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Os resultados evidenciaram que os fatores mais comumente envolvidos em erros de medicação são a sobrecarga de trabalho, a identificação incorreta do paciente, além de outros fatores associados. Conclui-se que há necessidade de se desenvolverem ações para favorecer uma mudança de cultura que garanta a segurança do paciente nas instituições hospitalares.
Importância da relação interpessoal do enfermeiro com a família de crianças hospitalizadas
Authors: Murakami Rose , Campos Claudinei José Gomes
Published: July 2011

Objetivou-se analisar a repercussão do relacionamento interpessoal enfermeiro e familiar da criança hospitalizada, sobre sua enfermidade, a realização de procedimentos e recuperação da mesma. A amostra constou de oito enfermeiros da assistência direta a criança em unidade pediátrica. Utilizou-se o método clínico-qualitativo e entrevistas com perguntas semi-estruturadas. A análise foi feita mediante análise de conteúdo sendo encontrado que o estado emocional da criança influencia na evolução do seu quadro clínico e a presença do acompanhante causa impacto positivo, oferecendo sensação de segurança e familiaridade. Um ambiente de acolhimento ao acompanhante e a parceria com o enfermeiro proporciona um pilar de sustentação, clima emocional positivo na realização do cuidado de enfermagem. O oferecimento de educação em saúde ao acompanhante é relevante no cuidado domiciliar pós-alta.
Enfrentamento do adolescente em condição crônica: importância da rede social
Authors: Araújo Yana Balduíno de , Neusa Collet , Gomes Isabelle Pimentel , Nóbrega Rosenmylde Duarte da
Published: July 2011

Este estudo objetivou investigar a influência da rede social no enfrentamento do adolescente em condição crônica. Pesquisa qualitativa cujos sujeitos foram adolescentes hospitalizados com diagnósticos de doença crônica há pelo menos um ano. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada e os depoimentos submetidos à análise temática. Resultados demonstraram que o adolescente em condição crônica tem repercussões importantes em sua vida. Amigos, professores e profissionais de saúde fazem parte da rede social. Para promover autonomização ele precisa ser incluído no planejamento do seu cuidado e de uma rede social que lhe dê suporte em suas diversas demandas nas diferentes fases da doença.
Representações sociais sobre humanização do cuidado: implicações éticas e morais
Authors: Araújo Flávia Pacheco de , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção
Published: July 2011

Estudo que objetivou identificar os aspectos éticos implicados nas representações sociais de pacientes sobre a humanização e discutir as implicações destas para o cuidado de enfermagem. Tratou-se de estudo com método qualitativo cuja coleta de dados deu-se por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada e observação participante com 24 pacientes hospitalizados em instituição pública. As representações sociais sobre a humanização no cuidado ganham contornos da ética e da moral, no estabelecimento de gradientes de merecimento do bom trato, e em ações resolutivas, avaliação clínica e respeito ao direito do cliente. O direito ao bom trato não é igual para todos, o que indica possíveis diferenciações nas representações sociais sobre a cidadania.
Formação em enfermagem: interface entre as diretrizes curriculares e os conteúdos de atenção básica
Authors: Silva Maria Josefina , Sousa Eliane Miranda de , Freitas Cibelly Lima
Published: July 2011

Este trabalho objetivou analisar Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos (PPP) dos três Cursos de Enfermagem mais antigos do Ceará, demonstrando como as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Enfermagem se expressam neles, e as transformações ocorridas na Enfermagem como profissão no Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, na qual se observou a influência das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Enfermagem na formação de profissionais para atuar na Atenção Básica. Do estudo concluiu-se que os PPP analisados se preocupam com a formação voltada às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Enfermagem, mas que duas das Universidades em questão possuem um currículo mais voltado aos princípios da Atenção Básica e apenas uma delas traz a proposta da integralidade curricular, aspecto que contribui para discussões na área da educação ao considerar a formação do profissional para o Sistema Único de Saúde.
Validação de um vídeo educativo para promoção do apego entre mãe soropositiva para HIV e seu filho
Authors: Barbosa Régia Moura , Bezerra Ana Karina
Published: July 2011

O objetivo da pesquisa foi construir um vídeo educativo para promoção do apego entre mãe HIV positiva e seu filho. Tratou-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado. As fases do estudo foram constituídas por desenvolvimento de um roteiro, avaliação, gravação e edição do vídeo, coleta de dados, filmagem do binômio e validação. O roteiro foi avaliado por especialistas técnicos e de conteúdo. Participaram 24 gestantes HIV positivas atendidas no período (Grupo Controle=12 e Grupo Experimental=12). O vídeo foi validado com um protocolo de observação da interação mãe-bebê. As mães do grupo intervenção obtiveram resultados mais favoráveis do que o controle, mostrando a eficácia do vídeo.
Sentimentos do estudante de enfermagem em seu primeiro contato com pacientes
Authors: Perbone Janaína Gomes , Carvalho Emília Campos de
Published: July 2011

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os sentimentos dos estudantes do Curso de Enfermagem nos primeiros contatos com o paciente. A Técnica do Incidente Crítico foi utilizada para coletar dados. Quarenta e um estudantes participaram do estudo e responderam a um questionário de três perguntas abertas. Foram identificados sentimentos relacionados ao próprio estudante, sentimentos relacionados ao paciente e ao curso; apenas 36,8% dos relatos apresentaram sentimentos positivos. Este estudo contribui para refletir sobre os planos de ensino propostos, as consequências negativas e a importância de reforço das experiências positivas, favorecendo ao aluno ser mais confiante, sentir-se útil, e compromissado com a futura profissão.
Papel social e paradigmas da pesquisa qualitativa de enfermagem
Authors: Lacerda Maria Ribeiro , Labronici Liliana Maria
Published: July 2011

Pesquisa bibliográfica realizada na Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem com delimitação temporal de 2005 a 2008, que compreendeu 24 fascículos presentes na base de dados SciELO. O objetivo foi identificar temas emergentes nas pesquisas qualitativas publicadas em periódico de enfermagem; correlacionar os temas com a produção do conhecimento da enfermagem e refletir sobre o papel social das pesquisas qualitativas analisadas. Identificaram-se 173 estudos qualitativos que após análise resultaram nas categorias: formação em enfermagem, áreas de atuação, base/fundamentos/concepções de cuidado de enfermagem e assuntos profissionais. Na relação entre as categorias, padrões de conhecimento e papel social destacam o conhecimento sóciopolítico, apontando um amadurecimento da profissão em relação às questões sociais intrínsecas, parte do seu corpo social, e extrínsecas que são as demandas da sociedade.