bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESPONSE TO METHIONINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF BROILER CHICKS FED PRACTICAL CORN-GROUNDNUT MEAL DIETS IN THE TROPICS
Authors: Njike M. C. , Ndife L. I.
Published: March 2021

Two floor feeding trials, involving 1000 broiler chicks fed two different practical-type diets, were conducted in order to determine the methionine and total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) requirements of broiler chicks 0-6 weeks). Two protein levels (20 and 23%) each with an energy concentration of 2800 Kcal ME (kg diet and four supplemental methionine levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) were tested. At the end of 6 - week feeding period, a common finisher ration was fed to 10 weeks of age. Under our experimental circumstances with dietshaving 23% protein and metabolizable energy of 2800 Kcal ME/kg diet and based on assumed methionine and cystine content of feeding stuff, the quantitative requirement for methionine of broiler chicks up to six weeks of age were about 0.53% diet which is equivalent to 2.3% of the dietary protein (or TSSA of 0.85 per cent diet, that is 3.7 per cent protein). Higher supplemental methionine at this protein and energy levels resulted in deterioration in liveweight gain and slight but non-significant improvement in feed/gain ratio. The rations containing 20% protein performed poorly relative to those containing 23%. Feeding of high quality common finisher rations neutralized the initial gains due to supplemental methionine within each protein levelbut did not offset the gains due to different dietary proteins.
DETEKSI Escherichia coli PATOGEN PADA PANGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE KONVENSIONAL DAN METODE MULTIPLEX PCR
Authors: Ekawati Evy Ratnasari , Husnul Yusmiati Siti Nur , Hamidi Fakhmi Rooslan
Published: March 2021

Foodstuffs are a source of nutrition for humans and as well as a source of food for microorganisms. Microbes can contaminate food through water, dust, air, soil, processing tools (during production or preparation processes, as well as secretions from human and animal guts). Food can be toxic because it has been contaminated by pathogenic bacteria which can then grow and multiply during storage, so the bacteria are able to produce toxins that are harmful to humans. The aimed of this study was to detect the presence of Escherichia coli pathogen in food. This type of research is experimental laboratory using conventional method and multiplex PCR method. 8 positive samples of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by conventional method, consisting of 5 samples of tofu; 2 samples of ice syrup and 1 sample iced tea. All positive samples in EMB agar continued Escherichia coli pathogen detection using PCR multiplex method. From the PCR multiplex test, no samples were detected Escherichia coli pathogen
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOFERTILIZER ON PLANT GROWTH SOYB EA N â€œEDAM AM Eâ€ (Glycin max)
Authors: Sudiarti Diah
Published: March 2021

This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of biofertilizer with different concentrations on plant growth of soybean â€œedamameâ€ (glycin max). Biofertilizer in this study consists of microbial consortia (lactobacillus, pseudomonas, bacillus, saccharomyces, rhizobium, azotobacter, azospirillum, and cellulomonas). The treatment consists of 3 biofertilizer concentrations (25%, 50%, dan 75%), as well as the negative control and positive control (100% chemical fertilizer equivalent 5g/plant). The result showed that treatment b3 (biofertilizer 75%) gave better results on plant growth compared with other treatments.
IDENTIFIKASI KUMAN PADA PUS DARI LUKA INFEKSI KULIT
Authors: Ekawati Evy Ratnasari , Husnul Y. Siti Nur , Herawati Dheasy
Published: March 2021

Infectious lesions on the skin surface are easily colonized by various organisms. Pyogenic infections are still common, especially in developing countries and for therapeutic treatment is a big challenge. Ensure appropriate and efficient therapy, inflammation-focused identification and treatment is needed. The aim of this research was to identify germs isolated from pus sample in patients suffering from wound infentions on the skin surface. The type of this research is descriptive explorative. Pus sample were taken from two people who had an infection wound on the skin surface. In this research was found Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a similarity percentage of 90.7% and Staphylococcus aureus with a percentage similarity of 91.5 % in the pus sample.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (CMA) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KEDELAI EDAMAME (Glycin max)
Authors: Sudiarti Diah
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pemberian Cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai edamame (Glycin max (L) Merrill). Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan 3 ulangan, setiap pengulangan terdiri atas 5 tanaman. Aplikasi cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (M) terdiri atas dua perlakuan, yaitu tanpa aplikasi CMA (M0) dan dengan aplikasi CMA (M1). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis deskriptif. Data pertumbuhan terdiri atas tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah cabang produktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dari CMA (Cendawan mikoriza arbuskula) menunjukkan hasil pertumbuhan yang paling baik dibandingkan dengan tanpa pemberian CMA (Cendawan mikoriza arbuskula).
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica Val) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Muadifah Afidatul , Amini Helda Wika , Amini Helda Wika , Putri Amalia Eka , Putri Amalia Eka , Latifah Nur , Latifah Nur
Published: March 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki berbagai macam tanaman herbal berkhasiat obat. Salah satu jenis tanaman obat yang sering digunakan untuk pengobatan adalah rimpang kunyit. Rimpang kunyit mengandung senyawa alkaloid, tanin dan flavonoid yang telah terbukti sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in vitro untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dan aktivitas ekstrak rimpang kunyit yang dilanjutkan dengan pengujian menggunakan metode Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penyarian ekstrak rimpang kunyit dilakukan dengan cara sokhletasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi dengan variasi konsentrasi 45%, 55%, 65% dan 75%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang kunyit 45% merupakan konsentrasi minimum yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S.aureus sebesar 12,5 mm
ANALISIS FAKTOR KEJADIAN PHLEBITIS DENGAN SIMULASI MODEL FISIS ALAT TERAPI INTRAVENA
Authors: Kurniatie Menik Dwi
Published: March 2021

Intravenous therapy through long-term infusion is at risk for complications such as phlebitis. The influence of medical factors with a history of hypertension and mechanical factors based on the location of the position of infusion is the main study of the causes of phlebitis.One of the causes of phlebitis is the flow of intravenous fluids which is not proportional to the volume of infusion fluid. Intravenous Therapy Devices with the aim of assessing the physical phenomena modeling experiments intravenous therapy with the theory of fluid mechanics and prove the existence of linkage patient's blood pressure and height of intravenous fluid drop rate. The research method is experimental with the physical modeling of intravenous therapeutic devices.             Physical model of intravenous therapy devices using a manometer to measure the pressure tube as diastolic pressure and variation on fluid infusion used was NaCl 0.9% and Glucose 5%. The results of this research was obtained diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg produced a drop rate of fluid infusion is almost constant with a maximum height of a standard intravena pole 1meter, while at an altitude above the altitude variation of normal use by 90 mmHg diastolic pressure with height variations of 1.1 to 1.3 meters yield  drop rate a linear of infusion liquid to height variations. So to prevent turbulence of intravenous fluids (the cause of phlebitis) by increasing the location standard for infusion
PERANAN MINUMAN DARI EKSTRAK JAHECANG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Supriani Anik
Published: March 2021

Minuman ekstrak jahecang merupakan minuman penghangat yang bahannya berasal dari rempah-rempah tanaman obat jahe, secang, kapulaga, daun sereh ditambah peerasanya kayu manis dan daun mint. Terdapatnya bahan-bahan berkhasiat tersebut dalam ekstrak jahecang telah terbukti bermanfaat bagi kesehatan, saat ini mulai banyak dicari orang untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan kesehatan terutama dalam pencegahan penyakit. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan minuman dari ekstrak jahecang. Metodelogi penulisan  ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan metode studi referensi. Data yang diambil ada dua jenis yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari survey terhadap responden yang telah mengkonsumsi ekstrak jahecang yang ditentukan secara sengaja. Data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai sumber diantaranya jurnal, prosiding seminar, laporan penelitian, dan tesis.Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa beberapa bahan dalam minuman ekstrak jahecang dapat mencegah dan meminimalkan terjadinya penyakit degeneratif yaitu antioksidan, menurunkan kolesterol, mencegah osteoporososis anti diare, anti kanker, sehigga masyarakat yang minum ekstrak jahecang dapat meningkat kesehatannya. Diperlukan semangat, kemauan, kemampuan, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan untuk melestarikan, dan mengembangkan minuman ekstrak jahecang sehingga masyarakat bukan hanya tahu akan tetapi memahami manfaatnya yang banyak selain untuk apek-capek dan masuk angin.
ANALISIS JUMLAH DAN MORFOLOGI Penicillium spp PADA MEDIA AMPAS TAHU
Authors: Prayekti Endah , Sumarsono Thomas
Published: March 2021

Tofu waste is generally used for animal feed, potential for biogas production, and as a traditional food. Opportunities for the use of tofu waste are very wide because of the high nutrient content of tofu waste. Tofu waste nutrient content has the potential to be utilized as an alternative medium for mold growth. One type of mold that is often analyse in the laboratory is from the genusPenicillium. This study aims to determine the composition of an alternative growth media from tofu waste for Penicillium spp. This study is an experimental laboratory with the independent variable of tofu waste mass (0,1,2,3,4,5 gr) and sucrose mass (0,2,4,6 gr), while the dependent variable observed from this study includes the amount Penicillium spp colonies and their growth characteristics in tofu waste media. Both dependent variable observed then compared with Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) as commercial media Tofu waste composition used in this study were (gr/100mL) : tofu waste (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 gr), sucrose (0, 2, 4, 6 gr), aquadest (100mL), and agar powder (1,5gr). Statistical results using the Kruskal-Wallis Test showed the difference of the use of sucrose 2 and 6 gr in the media on thePenicillium spp colonies number. Colony morphology showed better performance at 5 gr of tofu waste mass. Morphological analysis shows the differences in morphological characters which are quite far from commercial media as a control using PDA. As conclusion, tofu waste media can be used to growPenicillium spp, but it is necessary to add some components both in the form of elements and compounds to tofu waste media to be able to display results that can approach commercial media.
Daily Terra–Aqua MODIS cloud-free snow and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (M*D10A1GL06) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2019
Authors: Muhammad Sher , Thapa Amrit
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Snow is a dominant water resource in high-mountain Asia (HMA) and
crucial for mountain communities and downstream populations. Snow cover
monitoring is significant to understand regional climate change, managing
meltwater, and associated hazards/disasters. The uncertainties in passive
optical remote-sensing snow products, mainly underestimation caused by
cloud cover and overestimation associated with sensors' limitations, hamper the understanding of snow dynamics. We reduced the biases in Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua daily snow data and
generated a combined daily snow product for high-mountain Asia between 2002
and 2019. An improved MODIS 8 d composite MOYDGL06* product was used as a
training data for reducing the underestimation and overestimation of snow in
daily products. The daily MODIS Terra and Aqua images were improved by
implementing cloud removal algorithms followed by gap filling and reduction
in overestimated snow beyond the respective 8 d composite snow extent of
the MOYDGL06* product. The daily Terra and Aqua snow products were combined and
merged with the Randolph Glacier Inventory version 6.0 (RGI 6.0) described as
M*D10A1GL06 to make a more complete cryosphere product with 500 m spatial
resolution. The pixel values in the daily combined product are preserved and
reversible to the individual Terra and Aqua improved products. We suggest a
weight of 0.5 and 1 to snow pixels in either or both Terra and Aqua
products, respectively, for deriving snow cover statistics from our final
snow product. The values 200, 242, and 252 indicate snow pixels in both
Terra and Aqua and have a weight of 1, whereas pixels with snow in one of the
Terra or Aqua products have a weight of 0.5. On average, the M*D10A1GL06
product reduces 39.1 % of uncertainty compared to the MOYDGL06* product. The
uncertainties due to cloud cover (underestimation) and sensor limitations,
mainly larger solar zenith angle (SZA) (overestimation) reduced in this
product, are approximately 32.9 % and 6.2 %, respectively. The data in
this paper are mainly useful for observation and simulation of climate,
hydro-glaciological forcings, calibration, validation, and other
water-related studies. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918198 (Muhammad, 2020) and the algorithm
source code at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3862058 (Thapa,
2020).
Características bucais e manejo com comportamental de pacientes com Síndrome de Down
Authors: Usui Asuka , Campos Dayane de Moura , Shitsuka Caleb , Pedron Irineu Gregnanin , Shitsuka Ricardo
Published: March 2021

A Síndrome de Down é uma das alterações cromossômicas e a anomalia genética mais frequente.Os indivíduos portadores desta síndrome possuem inúmeras alterações bucais e funcionais que poderão ter consequências nos cuidados de saúde e higiene oral. Existem várias doenças sistêmicas associadas à essa síndrome, tornando-se importante perceber quais as repercussões destas na cavidade oral e no tratamento odontológico. Pela precária higiene oral, por uma restrição motora, falta de motivação e até mesmo falta de orientação profissional, ocorre uma alta incidência de cárie e doença periodontal. Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura, com o objetivo de aprofundar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões dentistas (CD) com relação as características sistêmicas, físicas e em particular das alterações bucais destes pacientes, e com isso facilitar o tratamento desses pacientes no consultório odontológico.
Gestalttheorie, Mário Pedrosa y el arte concreto argentino: un capítulo de la historia de la psicologización del estudio de la forma y el color en el arte
Authors: Grassi María Cecilia
Published: March 2021

Mário Pedrosa constituye una figura clave en la historia cultural de Brasil. En este artículo analizamos en clave histórico-crítica su faceta de crítico de arte y su propuesta teórica de articulación de la Gestalttheorie y el arte y su circulación en el arte concreto argentino en las décadas de 1940 y 1950. Para ello, se analizan dos trabajos fundamentales sobre el tema teniendo en cuenta la centralidad del primero y la función de apéndice del segundo. Se trata de su tesis de 1949 Da natureza afetiva da obra na arte y Forma e personalidade de 1951. Mostramos cómo a partir de los intercambios surgidos entre Brasil y Argentina, sus ideas formaron parte del acervo de los artistas del último país aunque con diferencias en el enfoque del tópico de la forma: mientras Pedrosa reforzaba sus aspectos expresivos, los argentinos justificaban la universalidad en relación a los aspectos objetivos o racionales de la misma. Por último, se sugiere la importancia de analizar la circulación del ideario Pedrosa para situar sus aportes y originalidad en el campo de una historia de la psicología que canoniza la figura de Arnheim y olvida las propuestas surgidas en las periferias.
As relações entre Arte e Política na Ditadura Militar Brasileira
Authors: Carvalho Luis Claudio Reginato
Published: March 2021

As relações entre Arte e Política na Ditadura Militar BrasileEscrever sobre este assunto é extremamente cativante, já que se trata do Mário Pedrosa que transitou como militante político e grande crítico de arte. Nesse ano de 2020, relembro que se comemora não só os cento e vinte anos de seu nascimento mas também de seus estudos, artigos em jornais, mostras de artes e de lutas e resistência ao establishment brasileiro, cuja sociedade persistiu desde sempre em não tolerar que as mesmas chances e oportunidades de trabalho, cultura, entre outros direitos do cidadão fossem dadas para a camada mais popular da população em todo o país. Contudo, este artigo irá percorrer um caminho complexo daquele momento, vivido por Mário Pedrosa na década de sessenta, e da indissociabilidade da arte com a política, precisamente representada nesse contexto.ira
O incêndio do MAM-RJ e as respostas de Mário Pedrosa às crises artísticas, museológicas e políticas da época
Authors: Leal André
Published: March 2021

O incêndio do MAM-RJ, em 1978, foi o maior desastre patrimonial brasileiro até aquele momento, destruindo praticamente todo seu acervo. Ao acompanharmos os escritos e a atuação do crítico de arte Mário Pedrosa antes e depois do incêndio, muitas de suas ideias sobre arte e curadoria vêm à tona. Iremos aqui apresentar três momentos do pensamento “museal” de Pedrosa em torno desse evento: a proposta de exposição de arte indígena “Alegria de viver, Alegria de criar”, prevista para o MAM-RJ antes do incêndio, sua proposta de reconstrução do museu depois do incêndio como “Museu das Origens” e sua atuação junto ao Museu da Solidariedade Salvador Allende, no Chile. Esses três eventos não apenas demonstram o pensamento museológico de Pedrosa, mas também expressam o potencial de atuação do crítico frente a diferentes momentos de esgotamentos e crises de modelos: da arte moderna e ocidental, da tragédia patrimonial e da política internacional, respectivamente.
Modernidade e Racionalização: Entre a Tragédia do Esclarecimento e a Esperança no Agir Comunicativo
Authors: De Carvalho Renan Oliveira
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a perspectiva de autores que construíram suas teorias da Modernidade a partir do paradigma da racionalização. Para isso, pretende-se lançar um olhar para as teorias de sociólogos como Weber, Adorno, Horkheimer e Habermas, e suas diferentes perspectivas acerca do tema. O que se pretende nas páginas que seguem é apresentar as diferentes teorias da Modernidade dos autores em questão e refletir sobre suas perspectivas, diagnósticos e projeções em torno da percepção de que a Modernidade é fruto de um processo de racionalização da vida e do mundo pelo qual passou a sociedade ocidental.
A dinâmica da recepção: a intelectualidade brasileira e o ingresso do pensamento europeu do século XIX
Authors: Pinheiro Maxmiliano Martins
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão teórica sobre a sociologia pós-colonial e sua crítica ao pensamento eurocêntrico que procura obliterar a potencialidade científica dos países latino-americanos. Tendo como base a teoria social de Boaventura de Sousa Santos que se desdobra na defesa das “Epistemologias do Sul”, o texto almeja dialogar com a tese defendida por Angela Alonso, posteriormente transformada em livro, que sustenta a dinamicidade da intelectualidade brasileira, no século XIX, durante a transição do período monárquico ao republicano, que concebeu nas matrizes do pensamento europeu, personificadas no liberalismo político e no positivismo, chaves para uma reconstrução sócio-política do Brasil. A partir disso, essa abordagem tem como pressupostos analisar a interação da sociologia pós-colonial de Sousa Santos com as de outros autores que ressaltam a problemática da condição pós-colonial em diferentes países e etnias, e em seguida, apresentar a análise histórica de Alonso, mediante o papel das elites intelectuais brasileiras, no processo de recepção das ideias européias, dialogando com a teoria de Sousa Santos.
E quando as bichas, sapatão, travas e trans caminham pelas ruas? Os emblemas sociais da caminhabilidade no Brasil
Authors: Gomes Filho Antoniel Dos Santos , Lima Antônio Ailton de Sousa , Da Silva Antônio Micael Pontes da Silva Micael Pontes , Nunes Larissa Ferreira , De Lavor Filho Tadeu Lucas
Published: March 2021

As práticas de violência contra as populações dissidentes de gênero e sexualidade são uma realidade cotidiana em todo o território brasileiro, marcada pela apreensão, sofrimento, insegurança e medo. Tal realidade social se expressa por estatísticas através dos relatórios que dizem respeito a práticas de violência voltadas ao público LGBTs. A questão da violência suscita uma interlocução com outros temas, tais como da mobilidade urbana que envolve o caminhar, explorando territórios, experiências e vivências. Nesse percurso, o estudo objetiva realizar uma reflexão sobre a caminhabilidade de pessoas dissidentes de gênero e sexualidade, com foco no público LGBTs, em seu entrelaçamento com a violência. Metodologicamente busca-se uma ampliação e maiores discussões a partir do campo socioantropológico da Teoria da Caminhabilidade, e assim, caracteriza-se por uma revisão de literatura em torno de uma hermenêutica problematizadora na qual faremos a confluência em teorias e conceitos. Com isso esperamos estabelecer maiores compreensões sobre os/as dissidentes sexuais e de gênero e as situações de vulnerabilidades em suas caminhadas nas cidades.
O etnólogo pela pena: meditações póstumas sobre escolhas monográficas
Authors: Ellendersen Andras Jucksch
Published: March 2021

Este artigo oferece uma reavaliação crítica do processo de elaboração de O fantasista e o flagelo: sentidos de si e de África para Günther Theodor Tessmann (1884-1969), uma monografia de graduação que se debruça sobre a trajetória de vida de um etnólogo alemão. Por uma perspectiva de bastidores, a abordagem da análise se dará em primeira pessoa, tratando a fundo as vias sinuosas que originam certas escolhas metodológicas, interrogando seus fundamentos subjetivos e suas consequências objetivas para a artesania de um texto que se apresenta como uma contribuição para o campo das ciências sociais.
Colonização e descolonização: fundamentos da dominação Ocidental e perspectivas de transformação
Authors: De Godoy Guilherme Lassabia
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo busca-se apresentar, discutir e definir os principais termos de alguns dos debates clássicos e contemporâneos sobre colonização e perspectivas de descolonização. Esse é um tema fundamental para compreensão dos diversos impasses, conflitos e contradições do atual mundo globalizado existentes especialmente nos países que foram vítimas desse processo de dominação, mas que também são parte importante das relações sociais no chamado centro do mundo capitalista. O debate que será apresentado reflete e aponta para questões profundas da realidade social, possibilitando entender a colonialidade como uma dimensão da dominação no presente. O texto será dividido em dois grandes blocos que estão intrinsecamente relacionados: o primeiro discutirá mais profundamente a dominação colonial, os seus instrumentos, a sua infraestrutura e as suas consequências; o segundo apresentará diferentes perspectivas teóricas de descolonização. Os principais autores cujas reflexões guiarão o debate são: Frantz Fanon, Achille Mbembe, Edward Said, Aníbal Quijano e Lélia Gonzalez.
“Mild violence” – diffi cult situations in the nursery – prevention
Authors: Telka Lucyna
Published: March 2021

The subject of interest in the article are situations of "mild violence" that occur between the educator and the child up to the age of three in the nursery. This term describes the unnoticed, unconscious "cracks" in the relationship between an adult and a child, which is initially difficult to accept by educators in the facility. In order to characterize it, causes, symptoms and, above all, prevention have been indicated, understood as a thorough analysis of the field of practice carried out by the pedagogical team in the nursery in order to discover and understand these events in view of the young child.
Effects of Air Temperature on COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate
Authors: Sączewska-Piotrowska Anna , Piotrowski Damian
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 by performing a meta-analysis according to the air temperature and to determine if the temperature modifies the pandemic duration to the peak day for CFR of the COVID-19. A novel coronavirus spread began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and half a year after, more than 9 million total cases were confirmed worldwide. Therefore, knowing the conditions favorable for the spread of the virus (including weather conditions) is crucial from the perspective of the entire population. Using information from the World Health Organization, subgroup meta-analysis by temperature was performed. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier estimates and the Cox proportional hazards models was conducted. Based on the conducted analysis we can conclude that in countries with temperature equal or lower than 14.8°C the pooled CFR of COVID-19 is higher than in countries with tempera ture greater than 14.8°C. Besides, in countries with lower temperature the peak of the CFR appears after a longer time from the first case of the novel coronavirus than in countries with higher temperature.
The Economic Impact of COVID-19 from a Global Perspective
Authors: Khan Alam , Khan Nadeem , Shafiq Muhammad
Published: March 2021

The world has been waging a fight against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) since December 2019. The current coronavirus crisis is a catastrophe affecting billions of families worldwide. So far, COVID-19 has wreaked havoc across the globe: by slowing down economic growth; decreasing global trade; hurting health sector; increasing unemployment and underemployment; reducing FDI and hurting the tourism sector. This study investigates the economic costs of COVID-19. By using descriptive analysis, this study shows that the major economic variables, such as economic growth, global trade, health sector, unemployment and underemployment, foreign direct investment and travel and tourism sector have significantly affected by COVID-19.
How have COVID-19 Confirmed Cases and Deaths Affected Stock Markets? Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Abu Nurudeen , Gamal Awadh Ahmed Mohammed , Sakanko Musa Abdullahi , Mateen Ana , Joseph David , Amaechi Ben-Obi Onyewuchi
Published: March 2021

This study assesses the effect of COVID-19 proxied by the number of confirmed cases of the infection and deaths on Nigeria’s stock market over the 23rd March to 11th September 2020 period using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), canonical cointegrating regression (CCR), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) techniques. The bounds test to cointegration result reveals that a long-run relationship exists between COVID-19 and Nigeria’s stock market (along with oil prices and exchange rate). The results of the various estimations demonstrate that COVID-19 (proxied by the number of confirmed cases of infection) has a negative and significant impact on stock market performance, while the number deaths has a positive and significant impact on the market in the long-run. In addition, oil prices and exchange rate have a significant and positive effect on stock market performance in the long-run. Similar results were found for sub-sectors including consumer goods and healthcare sub-sectors of the stock market. The study recommends policies to curb the spread of the virus
Review of "Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology: Bonified Skeletons
Authors: Klales Alexandra
Published: March 2021

REFERENCE: Heather M. Garvin, Natalie R. Langley, eds. Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology: Bonified Skeletons. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2020. 312 pp.
Review of "Forensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice," 2nd ed.
Authors: Devlin Joanne
Published: March 2021

REFERENCE: Angi M. Christensen, Nicholas V. Passalacqua, Eric J. Bartelink. Forensic Anthropology, Current Methods and Practice. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press; 2019. 520 pp.
Influence of Surface Characteristics of Different Implant Abutment Materials on Growth of Porphyromonas Gingivalis
Authors: MAMINSKAS Julius , ZALECKYTE Monika , PILIPAVICIUS Jurgis , VENSKUTONIS Tadas , CICCIU Marco , JUODZBALYS Gintaras
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the present study was to determine the surface physicochemical properties of polished implant abutment materials and to investigate their relationship with the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Four groups of the most popular prosthetic materials were used in this study: titanium alloy (Ti), yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide (3Y-TZP), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composite, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The plate shape specimens (10 × 10 × 0.5 mm) were polished by applying sequential mechanical polishing. Measurements of water contact angle (WCA), surface free energy (SFE) and roughness were performed. Also, the growth of P.gingivalis was measured via counting colony-forming units to milliliter (CFUs/mL). The WCA means were significantly different among all groups, and the highest hydrophilicity was observed on the PEEK, whereas the lowest on PMMA surface. All measured surfaces had similarly low SFE values, but Ti, 3Y-TZP, and PEEK demonstrated more expressed polar parts. All means of roughness were beyond the micro-level and were lower than 0.2 µm. The highest CFUs/mL was assessed on the PMMA and it was significantly different from others, whereas the lowest was on 3Y-TZP. The surface roughness had a significant impact on CFUs/mL growth.
Three-Fold Gap: Researching Constitutional Conventions in the Czech Republic. A review article
Authors: Brunclík Miloš
Published: March 2021

This review article provides an overview of research on constitutional conventions in the Czech Republic against the backdrop of the Anglo-Saxon scholarship on this theme. The article identifies three important gaps directly related to the study of constitutional conventions in the Czech Republic. All of them are closely linked as they pertain to the very understanding of constitutional conventions. First, there are varying definitions, including different terms used to denote constitutional conventions. Second, scholars often disagree on how constitutional conventions are established. Moreover, often they are not concerned with this question at all. Third, there is a great gap in research on sanctions for the breaching of constitutional conventions and rules enforcement. The Anglo-Saxon scholarship is instrumental in showing possible ways to fill the gaps.
Equal Respect, Liberty, and Civic Friendship. Why Liberal Public Justification Needs a Dual Understanding of Reciprocity
Authors: Bláhová Sylvie , Dufek Pavel
Published: March 2021

This paper critically discusses the generally recognized dualism in the interpretation of the moral basis of public reason. We argue that in order to maintain the complementarity of both liberal and democratic values within the debate on public reason, the arguments from liberty and from civic friendship cannot be considered in isolation. With regard to the argument from liberty, we contend that because the idea of natural liberty is an indispensable starting point of liberal theory, no explanation of the justification of political power can do without it. In particular, we focus on the requirement of reasonableness and show that we should retain the epistemic aspect of the reasonableness of persons. Perhaps the main reason for this is to be found in the criterion of reciprocity which provides the deepest justification of the respect for people’s liberty – that is, the liberal aspect of liberal democracy. At the same time, however, we argue that reciprocity also provides the grounds for responding to the criticism that the essentially liberal approach fails to adequately take into consideration the role of political community. Because reciprocity may also be interpreted as being based on civic friendship, it provides the resources to respond to such criticism. It thus supplies the normative background also for the second, democratic pillar of public reason. We then critically examine the newly emerging approach built predominantly on the argument from civic friendship, arguing that by prioritising the civic friendship interpretation and, at times, tending to completely abandon the liberty-based one, it overlooks the indispensability of liberty-based considerations for the criterion of reciprocity. We conclude that in order to adequately capture the common liberal-democratic basis of public reason, both interpretations of reciprocity must be linked within a comprehensive account.
‘Slovak, not Brussels Social Democracy’. Europeanization/De-Europeanization and the Ideological Development of Smer-SD Before 2020 Parliamentary Elections in Slovakia
Authors: Marušiak Juraj
Published: March 2021

This paper is focused on the evolution of the ideology of Smer - Social Democracy (Smer-SD) party and its positions on European integration before the political elections in Slovakia in February 2020. As the ‘social-democratization’ of Smer-SD was the result of party’s Europeanization, the article explores the dimensions of de-Europeanization in the politics of this party in 2017–2020. Since 2006, Smer-SD has occupied a dominant position among political parties in Slovakia. However, a substantive decline in the electoral support of the party took place after 2016. Smer-SD faced a significant political challenge during the political crisis after the assassination of the journalist Ján Kuciak and his fiancée Martina Kušnírová in February 2018. The result was the resignation of Prime Minister Robert Fico. The appointment of party vice chairman Peter Pellegrini as Prime Minister created a new situation within the party, as for the first time the positions of Prime Minister and head of the party were separated. The political crisis in 2018 revealed the presence of internal conflicts within the party and the weakening of the authority of its chairman, Robert Fico. The establishment of two centres of power within the party resulted in competition between Fico and Pellegrini and, finally, in June 2020, a split, as Pellegrini announced the founding of a new political party.
Bill and the Tooth Fairy
Authors: Tait Carl ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: March 2021

How do you define a rational, versus an irrational act of faith? Why is a faith in God socially acceptable, but not a faith in the Tooth Fairy? Do we have a duty to inform others when we believe their faith is not grounded in our reality? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Bill believes in the Tooth Fairy. Bill is 28 years old. His girlfriend finds this odd, and sometimes socially awkward, but otherwise harmless. This changes, however, when Bill has his wisdom teeth removed and places them under his pillow with the expectation that the Tooth Fairy will accept his offering and provide him her payment as her showing of appreciation. To appease his belief system, Bill’s girlfriend decides to take the teeth and leave Bill some money, but unknowingly does not leave him payment in the “right” amount. Bill interprets this to mean the Tooth Fairy is unhappy with his offering of teeth. His girlfriend comes home to find that Bill has knocked out his own teeth so as to make a second, and what he sees as proper, offering.
Give the Robot the Impossible Job!
Authors: Rook Michael ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: March 2021

Are there some lessons teachers should not teach, even if they are the thing that the student most needs? Can an “education” go too far? In this work of philosophical fiction, the main character is Quinn, an AI teacher set in the distant future. It, along with other AI teachers, are tasked with educating the most difficult students with the promise of “free study.” Quinn accepts a particularly difficult student, in fact, an “impossible student” named Leticia, a young girl who is showing early, but clear, signs of growing up to be a murderer. Quinn accepts this “impossible job” because the newer AI models are being released and she is at risk of being retired as they replace her model. Quinn decides the only way to jar Leticia out of her current direction is to shame her by supporting, encouraging, and showing her the results of her murderous impulses. At first Leticia appreciates the acceptance of her anti-social behavior, even after seeing the results of death and war. In the end, Leticia changes her mind when a serial killer she admires escapes the training exercise Quinn has put him in and puts her family in real danger. Quinn will be admitted to free study.
Benacerraf and Set-Theoretic Reductionist Realism
Authors: Lamberov Lev D. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The paper is devoted to analysis of P. Benacerraf’s argument against set-theoretic reductionist realism which is a fragment of a broader argument, know as the “identification problem”. The analyzed fragment of P. Benacerraf’s argument concerns the possibility of reducing of mathematical notions to set-theoretic notions. The paper presents a reconstruction of P. Benacerraf’s original argumentation, its analysis and also several possible objections proposed by P. Benacerraf himself about 30 years later after the original publication. Namely, he claimed (1) that a set-theoretic definition of natural numbers in G. Frege’s fashion can serve as a proper and unique set-theoretic definition, (2) that his argument doesn’t undermine eliminative reductionsts’ position, (3) that even if there are no argument possible in favor of some particular set-theoretic definition of natural numbers one may take set-theoretic realism for granted. An analysis of the mentioned possible objections shows their dependence on a number of additional premises. The paper demonstrates that P. Benacerraf’s objections on his own argument against set-theoretic realism either have a pragmatic character themselves or essentially rely on additional arguments that are justified pragmatically or require additional argumentation. For example, his possible objections require that set theory is considered as the only true foundational theory in mathematics, and that it has several important pragmatic virtues, like convenience of use to formalize other mathematical theories. In some cases, P. Benacerraf’s objections on their own, or the indicated additional principles may well be called into question, which demonstrates the insufficiency of P. Benacerraf’s objections against his original argument. Without the mentioned pragmatic arguments P. Benacerraf’s objections become a kind of belief in mysticism. Accordingly, his doubts about his own argument against set-theoretical realism seem insufficient to reject the problem of identification and save the position of set-theoretical realism from collapse.
Ethics of Uncertainty As an Extension of Virtue Epistemology
Authors: Shevchenko Sergei Yu. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

Uncertainty can’t be understood without taking into account both properties of the problem situation and agent’s knowledge about it. The correspondence of knowledge and situation of decision-making is crucial for understanding the onto-epistemological nature of uncertainty. At the same time, this correspondence is the key topic in virtue epistemology, especially in its ‘non-classical’, regulatory, branch, related to works of R. Roberts and W.J. Wood. In this article, genetic consultation is chosen as an example of such a problematic situation since a doctor and a patient explicitly deal with the uncertainty of genetic risks. The problems of communication and joint decision-making in the context of medical-genetic consultation are comprehensively described in bioethics. At the same time, its social dimension is limited to the direct interaction of two individual agents, that allows us to use it as a model for constructing the ethics of uncertainty. In this article, four forms of uncertainty are identified: descriptive, normative and radical uncertainties, and translation uncertainty. Referring to the approaches of virtue epistemology, the author brings each of these forms into conformity with the proposed regulatory principle. The regulations assume that generating or disseminating knowledge under conditions of uncertainty require taking into account the incompleteness of the presented model of reality in its four aspects. A modelled fragment of reality could change in a predictable (descriptive uncertainty) or unexpected (radical uncertainty) way. The goals and values of a model’s user can not be hierarchically ordered, and may also change in the future (normative uncertainty). User’s interpretations of the model may be diverse, and can never be strictly defined by the intentions of the model’s author (indeterminancy of translation, or uncertainty whether success of co-reference is achieved).
The Inherent Logic in the Idea of the Multiverse
Authors: Overduin Nick ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The idea of the multiverse, likely difficult to prove in traditional scientific ways, may be bolstered by two arguments from the field of logic. This article, contextualized by the metaphorical, non-logical approaches to the multiverse and situating itself within the history of astronomy, explicates these two arguments from logic. The first argument relates to the implicit illogical vanity in the assumption that our presently-known universe is special. In other words, it may be somewhat logical to embrace the history of deanthropomorphism more fully in the light of the Big Bang and the theory of cosmic inflation. The second argument suggests resolution to the long-standing philosophical and logical mysteries associated with the anthropic principle, as well as the attendant use of Ockham’s razor as a logical tool. The problem of evidence and falsifiability is briefly implicated, as well as some consequences for apologetics.
What Is Formal Philosophy?
Authors: Dolgorukov Vitaly V. , Shumilina Vera A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The paper focuses on the review of current literature on formal philosophy. Special attention is paid to the review of the book «Introduction to Formal Philosophy» [Hansson, Hendricks, 2018]. The book is a consistent introduction to the problems of formal philosophy, a research tradition that relies on the precise mathematical tools in order to study traditional philosophical problems. The methods of formal philosophy are successfully applied not only to the problems of ontology, epistemology and philosophy of language but also relevant for the problems of ethics, axiology and social philosophy. The book demonstrates that it is not correct to identify formal philosophy with another area of study – philosophical logic, since formal philosophy uses not only logical methods of analysis, but also uses the tools of game theory, decision theory, probability theory, Bayesian statistics, and other theories. Although the book has a propaedeutic character, it also contains some open problems. These problems include the aggregation of the opinions of the group under the condition of a conflicting base of premises in the theory of public choice, there are still open problems in the interpretation of Arrow’s impossibility theorem and others. Certainly, formalization in itself is not a general solution to the particular philosophical problem, but only a tool that allows to formulate a problem in a more rigorous and precise way, which sometimes allows to reveal some unexpected consequences, some implicit contradictions and new solutions. Despite the importance of the concept of coherence in ethics, decision theory, philosophy of law, Bayesian epistemology, philosophy of science, the existing formalizations of the concept of coherence are highly specialized for epistemology, researchers recognize the lack of the relevant explanatory models. Overall, the book is an excellent introduction in to the field of formal philosophy, which provides a general overview of different aspects of formal philosophy and the opportunity to study particular research topics by means of an extensive bibliography accompanying each of the chapters.
Logical Positivism, Values, and Norms
Authors: Ogleznev Vitaly V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

During its hundred-year history, Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus has undergone a variety of interpretations and explanations. But the significance of this work cannot be limited to an assessment of whether it had an impact on the development of logical positivism or not. Similarly, the reading of Tractatus cannot be reduced to just an ethical or some other readings. This article proposes to study a possible reading of “Tractatus” in terms of legal philosophy, which is based on the relation between facts, values and norms, as well as on how interesting it could be (or would be) for legal philosophy.
Russell and Wittgenstein’s Tractatus
Authors: Tselishchev Vitaly V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The author argues that Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus owes much to Russell’s early philosophy. This point of view is demonstrated in the article by referring to G. Landini’s recent research on Russell’s Substitution Theory, as well as by the evaluations of the Tractatus of the prominent researchers: L. Goldstein, J. Hintikka, and J. Hacking. A skeptical view on the influence of the Tractatus and Wittgenstein personally on the doctrines of the Vienna Circle is presented by A. Koffa. The author proposes to reject extreme judgments about the Tractatus outside the context of Principia Mathematica.
I Semana Española de Fenomenología. Ortega y Gasset y la Fenomenologia
Authors: De Mingo Rodríguez Alicia
Published: March 2021

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