bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of Ti-Al and Ti-Cu Laminated Composite Electrode Materials
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhu Pei Xian , Ma Hui Yu , Zhou Sheng Gang
Published: February 2011

We proposed using Ti-Al and Ti-Cu laminated composites instead of single Ti electrode metals, as well as studied the difference in performance between laminated composite electrode materials and pure-Ti electrode. The analysis of the conductivity and electrochemical performance of electrode matrix material indicates the result that the improvement of matrix material by using Ti-Al and Ti-Cu laminated composites, better performance for conductivity of electrode, and be beneficial to homogenize the electrode surface potential and current distribution and promote electrocatalytic activity between polar plates. Whereas comparison between Ti-Al and Ti-Cu laminated composites, Ti-Cu laminated composites is better in performance.
Thermal Properties of the Aluminum Particle Reinforced Silicone Rubber Composites
Authors: Zhou Wen Ying , Cai Jiang Tao , Zhou An Ning
Published: February 2011

Micro-sized aluminum (Al) reinforced silicone rubber composites were prepared, and the thermal properties of the composites were investigated in term of composition, shape, and surface modification of Al particles. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of Al particles into the composites improved the peak vulcanization temperature, and decreased the thermal stability behavior of the rubber; furthermore, the shape, concentration, surface treatment of Al particles and temperature had an effect on the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity increased obviously with a rise of Al particles concentration, as well as with a surface modification of filler. The flaky Al particles reinforced rubber showed a distinct higher thermal conductivity as compared to the spherical Al particles.
Preparation and Performance Study of Carbon Fiber Reinforced ABS Modified Nylon Resin Base Composite Material
Authors: Zhao Hong Kai
Published: February 2011

Molten caprolactam momomers (<1pa•s) mixed with ABS resin and rubber-compatible agent, which is impregnated with carbon fibers (50% by volume), are adopted to prepare ABS modified nylon composite material through die formation at the 160°C polymerization temperature of anions. The analysis shows that with the addition of ABS resin and rubber-compatible agent, the mechanical properties of the material is reduced, but the amplitude of reduction is very small, and its elongation is improved by up to 1.78%; with the addition of ABS, the water absorption is reduced below 0.8%, remarkably improved compared to the like nylon base composite material; and the microscopic analysis shows that the fibers have good bonding performance with resin interface, and the addition of ABS resin does not influence the bonding performance of the interface.
The Dependence of the Corrosion Resistance of Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu Alloy to H2SO4 Solution on the 4Cr/ (2Mo+Cu)
Authors: Pan Li Hua , Yang Rui Cheng
Published: February 2011

The kinetics of corrosion process on Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloys designed by formula APF=4Cr/(2Mo+Cu) in H2SO4 solution have been investigated from the concentration of 0.002mol/cm3 to 0.012mol/cm3 at 20 . Analytical expressions for cathodic reaction were developed for the reduction of H+ and the reduction of oxygen. It is discussed that the corrosion resistance to H2SO4 solution depend on the APF in regular way.
Modal Comparison and Bridge-Type Optimization of Light-Rail Box Girder Bridges
Authors: Zhao Jia Jian , Wei De Min , Huang Zhe Hua
Published: February 2011

Top 10 natural frequencies and mode shape characteristics of four types of light-rail box girder bridges were summarized by FE modeling. And the mode analysis results were horizontal, vertical contrasted. Furthermore, the relationships between the natural frequency and structural stiffness were studied. Finally, the bridge-types of four types of light-rail box girder bridges were optimized. The results show that the torsional stiffness of the box girder with side walls and diaphragms is much greater than that of the box girder without side walls and diaphragms, the torsional stiffness of the single-box-double-cell box girder with eccentric-hole diaphragms is greater than that of the single-box-double-cell box girder with center-hole diaphragms, and the single-box –double-cell box girder with side walls and eccentric-hole diaphragms is the optimal bridge type of all light-rail box girders.
The Seismic Behaviour of the Materials Used in the Steel-Plate Shear Walls with Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Wang Yao Hong , Cao Wan Lin , Li Gang
Published: February 2011

Based on the experiment, the author has made the finite element analysis of three steel-plate shear walls with concrete filled steel tube columns. The calculation results are very close to test results. It proof that the means of making models in this paper is reasonable and the results of the calculation are faithful. All of the study show that the materials used in the three walls have good seismic behavior.
The Micro-Mechanism Analysis on Rock Creep Damage
Authors: Sun Qiang , Duan Hong Fei , Xue Lei , Qin Li
Published: February 2011

Rock creep is a hot topic and key point in engineering geology. Based on renormalization group theory, the rock creep instability of micro-mechanism can be described as follow: with the expanding and interaction of micro-cracks and the main fault forms, which leads to failure. Comparing with the similarity of rock creep and rock compression process, and combining results of rock creep process, it is shown that there a distinct pertinence between different stages of rock creep. The relationship characteristics of different evolutionary stages can be used to provide scientific foundation for rock creep.
Effect of Salt in Aqueous Solution on the Swelling and Water-Retention Capacity of Bentonite
Authors: Sun Zhi Ming , Yu Jian , Zheng Shui Lin , Bai Chun Hua
Published: February 2011

The swelling and water-retention capacity of bentonite in saline water are the important application properties of bentonite as the raw material of GCLs. In this paper, the swelling volumes and the filter loss of six kinds of Na-bentonite samples hydrated with different concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 solutions were investigated. In addition, the ion-exchange properties of raw materials, the morphology and structure analysis of the samples soaked in the salt solution were discussed. The results show that the water-retention capacity of bentonite decreases with the increase of salt concentration in aqueous solution; And at the same mass concentration, the water-retention capacity in MgCl2 solution decreases most, followed by CaCl2 and the least is NaCl. The water-retention capacity of bentonite in saline water is related with ENa+. The larger the ENa+ is, the better the chemical resistance of bentonite is.
The Photocatalytic Characteristics of TiO2 Films: an Expeditious Evaluation
Authors: Kao Kuo Sheng , Shih Wei Che , Cheng Da Long , Kuo Po Hsiang , Hung Pei Shan , Chan Chih Yuan , Wang Chin Ming , Hsieh Po Tsung
Published: February 2011

An expeditious evaluation for photocatalyst is set up (or established) in this study. The optical transmittance of the methyl blue solution is measured, and a relationship between the transmittance of solution and its concentration is established. The performance of a photocatalyst can be evaluated via the distinct change of methyl blue solution. The TiO2 films performed as a photocatalyst were prepared using sol-gel method and then annealed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The samples were illuminated with a high-pressure mercury lamp for exciting photocatalytic reaction. The result shows that TiO2 photocatalyst degraded the methyl blue solution up to 97.8%.
Treatment and Disposal of Municipal Sewage Sludge and it’s Resources Utilization as Construction Material
Authors: Jiang Deng Ling , Ni Guo Wei
Published: February 2011

During the process of sewage treatment, some by-products are generated and among them, the sludge stands out, because of the largest volume and mass generated, and for containing heavy metals in its composition. Sludge is generally disposed of through land filling and spreading on reclaimed land. It has resulted in seriously contamination. It is necessary to improve the method of the disposal of sludge. Balanced with the environmental and economic benefit, the disposal of sludge, the economy and the environment can be optimized so as to realize the sludge stabilization, sludge reduction and sludge reutilization.
A Review on the Treatments and Minimization Techniques of Stainless Steel Pickling Sludge
Authors: Li Xiao Ming , Wang Shang Jie , Zhao Jun Xue , Cui Ya Ru , Hou Su Bo
Published: February 2011

Pickling sludge is the deposits that generated from the neutralization of pickling waste water with calcium hydroxide in stainless steel pickling process. The main composition of pickling sludge is CaF2, CaSO4, Me(OH)n (M:Fe,Cr,Ni). Solidification /stabilization method is believed to a most economical way to dispose these wastes at present. But the process caused serious compatibilization, it not only took up the scarce land resource, but also wasted nickel, chromium and other resources, in addition, the potential harm of Cr6+ to the environment still existed. A new thought to recycle the sludge was as following. After drying the sludge, it contained mainly calcium fluoride and metal oxides. The calcium fluoride could replace fluorspar, so the sludge could be used as a raw material for AOD process, where the metal oxides were reduced into the bulk of the metal. This would not only save fluorite, but also could reduce metal oxide of sludge. With more stringent environmental demands and increasingly output of the sludge, the most effective way to reduce the sludge from source is recycling the valuable elements from waste water directly. Solvent extraction combined with vacuum evaporation, spray evaporation and resin absorption coordination were all the effective methods. The resin adsorption process would be another promising method as ion exchange resin was continuously successfully developed. It had been found that treating the waste water with positive resin can remove the metal ions, but how to completely resolve the metal from the resin was still a problem.
Recycling and Characterisation of Amorphous Silica from Zr-Containing Silica Residue
Authors: Zhang Xiao Jing , Ding Hao , Wang Bai Kun
Published: February 2011

Preparation of amorphous silica using Zr-containing silica residue and the properties of the product have been studied. The results show that the separation of amorphous silica from Zr component can be realized using a process flow that pulping, grinding, washing and solid-liquid separation. The main constituent of the product is amorphous state, the content of SiO2 in the product comes up to 94.3%, the content of ZrO2 comes up to 7.48%, the grain size is 2-3 μm, the surface area is 494.3 m2/g. The quality of the recovery can meet the requirement of white carbon black standards ISO 5794-1 and HG/T 3061.
The Preparation of High-Strength and Micropore Lightweight Bauxite Aggregate by In Situ Polymerization and Decomposition
Authors: Fang Yi Neng , Gu Hua Zhi , Fen Yun Sheng , Wang Lin Jun , Li Yan Jing
Published: February 2011

High-strength and micropore lightweight bauxite aggregate was fabricated by low grade raw bauxite powder, aluminium hydroxide powder and organic polymer (OP). OP was used as consolidator, binder and pore former and aluminium hydroxide was used as pore former. The influence of OP and aluminium hydroxide content on the property of the samples was studied. The phase composition and the microstructure of the sintered samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and the pore size distribution was measured by mercury porosimety. The results demonstrate that the bulk density of the samples decreases linearly and the apparent porosity of the samples increases gradually with the addition of OP. The lowest density reached 1.13g/cm3 when adding 35% OP and 10% Al(OH)3. The average pore size is around 5μm, and increases with the addition of OP increased. The XRD showed the main phase of the sample is mullite and some little amount of corundum.
Thermodynamic Analysis on Separation Process of Iron and Niobium for Iron Tailings Containing Niobium
Authors: Zhang Bo , Qi Jie , Liu Cheng Jun , Jiang Mao Fa
Published: February 2011

Selective Reduction of Cold Bound Pellet – Smelting Separation – Ferroniobium Smelting Technology’ is an effective enrichment and extraction process of Nb from iron tailings of Bayan Obo deposit. Theoretical basis for the thermodynamic feasibility of smelting separation process was provided aiming at the thermodynamic problems in the process by analyzing and calculating through thermodynamic diagram, isothermal equation, and the calculation model of activity for slag system of CaO–SiO2–FeO–CaF2–TiO2–La2O3–Nb2O5. The results show that the separation of iron and Nb in arc furnace by smelting separation is feasible. In smelting separation process the valence state of Nb in slag is mainly pentavalent and the activity coefficient of Nb2O5 is 0.4×10-5~5.8×10-5. The distribution ratio of Nb between slag and molten iron decreases with increasing temperature or [%C], whereas increases with increasing basicity (CaO/SiO2). The temperature should be controlled under 1450°C, the basicity (CaO/SiO2) should be elevated appropriately, and [%C] should be controlled under 3.6% at the final stage of smelting separation process.
Study on Desulfurization and Denitration of with Industry Solid Waste by Microwave
Authors: He Zhi Jun , Jin Yong Long , Liu Jin Xin
Published: February 2011

This paper aims to study the feasibility of two solid waste which are steelmaking slag and fly ash as desulfurization and denitration absorbents by microwave. Under the optimal operating conditions, the removal efficiencies of 70.9% and 69.6% are achieved for SO2 and NOX respectively. The microstructure of before and after the adsorbent reaction are analyzed by SEM. Base on the experiment research, he mechanisms of simultaneous desulfurization and denitration are investigated in this paper. The research provides a new approach to resource recycling of steelmaking slag and fly ash. And the result has great significance to recycle solid waste and preserve the sustainable development of industrial economy and environment.
In Situ Synthesis of β-Sialon Powder from Fly Ash
Authors: Ma Bei Yue , Li Ying , Xu Li Bing , Zhai Yu Chun
Published: February 2011

β-Sialon powder was synthesized by in-situ carbothermal reduction-nitridation process, with fly ash and carbon black as raw materials. The influence of raw materials composition on synthesis process was investigated, and the phase composition and microstructure of the synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscope. The carbothermal reduction-nitridation reaction process was also discussed. It was found that increasing carbon content in a sample could promote the decomposition of mullite in fly ash and the formation of β-Sialon. The β-Sialon could be synthesized at 1550°C for 6h by heating the sample with the mass ratio of fly ash to carbon black of 100:56. The β-Sialon as-received in this study existed as granular with an average particle size of about 2μm. The carbothermal reduction-nitridation reaction process consisted of the nitridation processes of mullite, SiO2 and Al2O3 in fly ash as well as the conversion process of X-Sialon to β-Sialon.
Reverse Engineering Application in Automobile Parts Design
Authors: Yang Xiao Ling , Zhou Tian Rui , Wang Li Min
Published: February 2011

Along with the development of the measuring technique and computer technology, market competition is aggravating, the modern product of the design cycle demands shorter especially in automobile field. In order to meet the development requirements of automobile, we must reduce the design cycle and cost, so the Reverse Engineering (RE) technique has applications widely. This paper describes some concepts about reverse engineering. It points out the key technologies in reverse engineering like cloud data processing technology and surface reconstruction technology. Finally this paper uses the reverse engineering software CATIA to recover one inner automobile panel and describes the process of reverse engineering in details to build 3D model.
Analysis of Characteristic of Microstrip Signal Loss in Course of Signal Transmission
Authors: Xiong Qing Song , Wu Zhao Hua , Chen Pin , Zhang Sheng
Published: February 2011

The effect of loss of transmission line on the transmission signal can’t be ignored in microwave circuits. Based on the theory of loss and microwave network principle, the effect of the width, parallel length and space of transmission lines on the scattering parameters’ insertion loss is analyzed in perspective of scattering parameters of the odd mode and even mode. The simulation results show that: when the other parameters are fixed, both the characteristic impedance and the conductor loss decrease non-linearly with the line width broadening; due to the coupling effect between micro-strip lines, the first trough frequency of the scattering parameter S21 curved line, that is the point the signal energy attenuate most seriously, decreases linearly with line width broadening and increases non- linearly with line spaces broadening.
Comparative Study of GaN—Based LED Grown on Different Substrates
Authors: Peng Dong Sheng , Jin Ke , Zheng Rui Sheng , Liu Lei , Feng Zhe Chuan
Published: February 2011

The InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) light emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on silicon and sapphire substrates, respectively. The Optical and crystal properties of InGaN/GaN MQWs LEDs were investigated by room temperature photoluminescence (PL), temperature dependent PL measurements, Raman spectra and high-resolution double crystal X-ray diffraction(DCXRD). These results indicate that the crystal quality of InGaN/GaN MQWs growth on sapphire substrate are more preferable than that of InGaN/GaN MQWs growth on silicon substrate, and the interface of MQWs growth on substrate or silicon substrate is level. The peak positions of InGaN/GaN MQWs are 2.78 eV (446nm) and 2.64 eV (468.8nm) growth on sapphire substrate and silicon substrate, respectively.
Fabrication of Ti-Doped ZnO Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Hsu Cheng Hsing , Chen Wen Shiush , Lai Chun Hung , Yan Shu Fong
Published: February 2011

Effect of thermal treatments on the structural and electrical properties of the chemical bath deposition derived Ti-doped ZnO thin films are studied. XRD results show that the annealed Ti-doped ZnO films with wurtzite structure are randomly oriented. Crystallite structure, carrier concentration, resistivity and mobility are found to be dependent on the treatment temperature. At a treatment temperature of 100°C, the Ti-doped ZnO film possesses a carrier concentration of 2.5×1020 cm-3, a resistivity of 2.8×10-3 Ω-cm, and a mobility of 12 cm2/Vs.
Surface Characteristics of Ni-Mn-Fe-Ga Sputtered Thin Films
Authors: Wang Hai Bo , Xu Jin Yong , Cai Wei
Published: February 2011

The Ni-Mn-Fe-Ga shape memory alloy thin film was deposited onto silicon substrates by using radio-frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering technique. Chemical composition, surface morphology and crystallographic structure were systematically investigated by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results show that the magnetron sputtering process has remarkable influence on the chemical compositions and surface characteristics of Ni-Mn-Fe-Ga alloy thin films. As the sputtering power ranging between 245W and 405W, Ni content of the thin films decreases with the sputtering power increasing, whereas Mn and Fe contents increase with increasing the sputtering power and Ga content almost keep a constant. The surface roughness and the average particle size of thin films increase with the increase of Ar working pressure and sputtering power. The film deposited at room temperature has a cubic L21 structure.
Preparation and Characterization of Ce-Implanted TiO2 Thin Films
Authors: Zheng Shu Kai
Published: February 2011

TiO2 thin films were successfully deposited on microscope glass slides by means of d.c. sputtering method using Ar and O2 as the working gases. Then Ce ions at nominal doses of 2×10 16ions/cm2 and 2×1017ions/cm2 were implanted into the TiO2 thin films to observe the effects of implantation on the photocatalytic activities of the TiO2 thin films. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by the photodegradation of Rhodamine B solution. It was found that Ce ions implantation decreased the photocatalytic activities of the TiO2 thin films and the results were discussed.
Research on Reflectivity per Wavelength by Foaming Ratio of Plastics and Optical Characteristics
Authors: Han Earl , Cha Sung Woon , Kim Young Ho
Published: February 2011

This study has been initiated from observation of changes in color from samples in foaming process using batch process. The brightly whitened color of foamed plastic sample in batch process has been artfully reproduced by adjusting foaming ratio. And we measured reflectivity per wavelength using spectrophotometer in the range of visible ray at an interval of 10nm. We also measured hue (color), chroma (color purity or saturation), and value (lightness or brightness) in accordance with Musell HV/C standard, through which the relation between foaming ratio and charactics in changes in color has been analyzed. Then we further discussed regarding the cause, focus area and application of our research.
Effect of RF Sputtering Power on the Structural, Optical and Hydrophobic Properties of SiNx Thin Film
Authors: Liang Hong Yu , Zhao Qing Nan , Gao Feng , Yuan Wen Hui , Dong Yu Hong
Published: February 2011

With a mixture gas of N2 and Ar, silicon nitride thin films were deposited on glass substrates by different radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering power without intentional substrate heating. The chemical composition, phase structure, surface morphology, optical properties, refractive index, hydrophobic properties of the films were characterized by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis), nkd-system spectrophotometer and CA-XP150 contact angle analyzer, respectively. The results showed that silicon nitride thin films were amorphous and rich in Si; the transmittance reduced but refractive index and surface roughness increased; and the hydrophobic properties of SiNx became better with the increase of RF power.
Influence of Sputtering Power of Te and Annealing on Sb-Te Thin Films Fabricated by RF and DC Co-Sputtering
Authors: Chen Tian Bao , Fan Ping , Zheng Zhuang Hao , Zhang Dong Ping , Cai Xing Min , Liang Guang Xing , Chi Jing Rong
Published: February 2011

Antimony and tellurium were deposited on K9 glass via direct current and radio frequency magnetron co-sputtering. Antimony telluride thermoelectric thin films were simultaneously synthesized without post treatment. The influence of the sputtering power of Te and annealing of Sb-Te fabricated by magnetron sputtering were investigated. The maximum Seebeck coefficient of Sb-Te film was 212 μV/K which was obtained at the sputtering power of Sb 4W and Te 60W separately. When annealed at 300 °C, the electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient of the film are 6.67x104 S/m and 119 μV/K. The power factor increased to the highest value of 9.4×10-4 W/mK2 from 4×10-5 W/mK2 after post treatment of the as-deposited film.
The Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Verification of Modal Parameters for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites with Sandwich Structure
Authors: Zhang Guo Li , Wang Ya Nan , Li Jia Lu , Chen Guang Wei , Chen Li , Wang Fu You
Published: February 2011

A innovative structure of sandwich composite rectangular plate with dimensions of 350 ×83.5×9.5mm was designed, it was made of unidirectional prepreg of carbon fibre and woven fabric prepreg of carbon fiber as face materials and paulownia as core material by hand lay-up performing and press molding technology for investigating the dynamic performance such as natural frequency and modal shapes. Based on testing the in-plane and out-plane mechanical properties of composite samples reinforced by unidirectional carbon fibre and carbon fiber woven fabric, a ANSYS FEA dynamic modeling was developed. According to the impulse response modal test method, a modal test system was established. The natural frequency test results showed that the minimum natural frequency of sandwich composite rectangular plate is about 616.45Hz which is higher about 27.5% than that of aluminum rectangular plate reinforced by carbon. The modal experiment indicated that the 1st modal shape, 2nd modal shape, 3rd modal shape and 4th modal shape of the sandwich composite rectangular plate were torsional vibration, flexural vibration shape, torsional flexural vibration and double-flexural vibration separately. It was found the calculating precision of FEA dynamic predication was very high, the dynamic predicating results by FEA could provide fundamental data to the optimal design high speed reciprocating sandwich composite rectangular parts.
Synthesis of Waterborne Polyurethane for Coating on HNIW
Authors: Liao Su Ran , Luo Yun Jun , Sun Jie , Tan Hui Min
Published: February 2011

The waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polypropylene glycol (PPG), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) under acetone reflux. The cast films obtained from it were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The curve of DSC presented a bimodal profile. It showed that the waterborne polyurethane resin degraded obviously at about 305°C and 381°C, which was an endothermic course. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was coated with waterborne polyurethane by means of water volatilization. The impact sensitivity experimental results indicated that the characteristic height H50 of HNIW coated with waterborne polyurethane increased from 25.1cm to 34.2cm. That is, the waterborne polyurethane can decrease the impact sensitivity of HNIW.
Fabrication and Characterization of Transparent P-Type ZnO Films Obtained by In Situ Oxidation of Sputtering Zn3N2 :Al
Authors: Zhang Jun , Shao Le Xi , Xie Wei , Zou Chang Wei
Published: February 2011

Nitrogen and Aluminum co-doped ZnO thin films were prepared by In Situ thermal oxidation of RF magnetron sputtered Zn3N2:Al films on quartz glasses. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical transmittance, photoluminescence (PL) and Hall effect measurements. XRD analyses revealed that Zn3N2:Al films entirely transformed into ZnO films after annealing in oxygen at 500 °C for one hour. Hall effect measurements confirmed p-type conduction in ZnO films with a low resistivity of 34.8Ω cm, a high hole concentration of 3.26×1017 cm-3 and a Hall mobility of 2.3 cm2/Vs. Optical transmission spectra shows that the films are highly transparent in the visible region . Our results demonstrate a promising approach to fabricate low resistivity p-type ZnO.
Synthesis and Characterization of one Component Heat Cured Polyurethane-Acrylate Sealants
Authors: Zhu Feng , Wang Gui You , Xu Qiang
Published: February 2011

Stable one component heat cured polyurethane-acrylate (PUA) sealants were synthesized using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator with high decomposition temperature. The PUA sealants were synthesized through the reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) with poly(ethylene buthlene glycol adipate) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and the PUA sealants were stably stored under accelerated aging test at 60°C . The structure of polyurethane prepolymer, PUA prepolymer, PUA sealant and its cured film were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and Raman spectra.
Research on the Impact Toughness of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Guo Zong Fu , Zhong Zhi Li
Published: February 2011

In this paper the impact toughness of the basalt fabric reinforced epoxy resin composites was discussed. In the test, the basalt fabricwas used to reinforce the TDE-86epoxy resin, and 70#anhydride was used as curing agent. The mode of [45°/-45°] was chosen to layering and prepare the unit-cells. Resin Transfer Molding instrument was used to cure and make the basalt fabricreinforced epoxy resin composites, and the instron-based Dynatup9250HV material impact testing machine was used to test the impact resistance. Conclusion: in the low-velocity impact test, the maximum load the sample can bear was about 9.6538kN，and the total energy the sample absorbed was 19.3030J; Observing the impact morphology of the sample, the basalt fabricreinforced epoxy resin composite was not perforated, then its failure mode was matrix cracking, drawing and fracture of the fiber. The results provided a scientific basis for basalt fabricreinforced composites, and increase the development of the production related to the basalt fabriccomposites.
Study on the Cooling Process of Low Yield Ratio 590-780MPa Grade Steel Plates for High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Kang Jian , Wang Zhao Dong , Wang Guo Dong
Published: February 2011

To develop 590/780MPa grade low yield ratio structural steel, the effects of ultra fast cooling (UFC) new process on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that the low yield ratio and high strength can be obtained by proper phase compositions including relative soft phase and hard phase. For the process of UFC + air cooling, when UFC final cooling temperature was 521°C, 22.5% M-A second hard phases were distributed on bainite ferrite matrix in steel No.A2. The mechanical properties can meet requirement of 590MPa grade low yield ratio structural steel. For the process of air cooling + UFC, when UFC initial cooling temperature was 781°C, the multiphase composed of 28.3% ferrite and other bainite / martensite lath structure can ensure the high strength and low yield ratio of steel No.B1. And performance indexes can meet the requirement of 780MPa grade low yield ratio structural steel.
Simulation Research on the Penetration Phenomenon of Long Rod Armour-Piercing Projectile with Different Materials
Authors: Li Wei Bing , Fan Fei , Wang Xiao Ming , Li Wen Bin , Chen Chuang
Published: February 2011

Using the LS-DYNA software, this paper studied the penetration phenomenon that the long rod armour-piercing projectile with the material of Wf/Zr metallic glass composites and tungsten-alloy penetrating into target. It found that the 93W alloy projectile has a clear mushroom head, and the Wf/Zr metallic glass composite projectile has an acute head and appears “self-sharping” effect obviously. It studied the variation law of the penetration results parameters of the two materials at different penetration initial velocity, and found that the “self-sharping” effect of the Wf/Zr metallic glass composite projectile change to more obvious with the increasing of penetration velocity. It also obtained the change law of the projectile head shape with the penetration velocity.
Investigation on Friction and Wear Property of Al2O3-Sio2(Sf) / AZ91D Composite
Authors: Liu Guan Jun , Mao Xin Hua , Tian Feng , Zhang Hui Rong
Published: February 2011

AZ91D Magnesium alloy matrix composites (MMC) were fabricated by squeezing-infiltration casting with the preform made of crystallined aluminum silicate short fibers as reinforcement and aluminum phosphate as binder at high temperature. Drying sliding friction and wear resistance of the MMC were examined by means of MM200 wear tester ( block-on-ring configuration) against a hardened alloy steel counterface with 53HRC under loadings of 10 N,30 N and 50 N at 0.47 m/s and 0.92 m/s, and the wear morphology of the tested specimens was observed by scanning electronic microscope ( SEM ). The results indicate that wear mechanism of the MMC is characterized by abrasive wear with loadings 10 N and 30 N at 0.47m/s; while it is characterized by abrasive wear with slight flaking wear under loadings of 50 N at 0.47m/s, and it exhibits combined wear of abrasive wear with slight adhesive wear under loadings of 50 N at 0.94 m/s, increasing the wear resistance of the MMC.
Physicochemical, Gel Structure and Morphology Properties of Nano Rice Starch Prepared by Ultrasound
Authors: Hu Ai Jun , Wu Cong , Zheng Jie , Zhang Zhi Hua , Chen Qiong Xi , Liu Rong , Liu Xue , Wang Yi Ming
Published: February 2011

Nano rice starch prepared by ultrasonic-assisted inverse suspension polymerization was investigated on its physicochemical, gel structure and morphology properties. Water solubility index (WSI) under different temperatures and water absorption index (WAI) of nano rice starch and native starch were studied in this paper. WAI of native starch was 8.67%, and that of nano starch increased 38.45%, compared with native starch. WSI of native starch was respectively 0.024%, 0.057%, 0.111%, 0.211% under 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, however, that of nano starch respectively increased to 1.32%, 1.430%, 1.527%, 1.513%. Gel strength of nano starch was 3.20g, and native starch increased to 62.87g. The structure of native rice starch granules was polyhedron with pronounced edges, however, granule size of nano starch became small, and nano starch appeared significant agglomeration.
Fabrication of Ti2AlN by Mechanical Alloying and Hot Press Sintering
Authors: Zhu Jian Feng , Han Na , Wang Kun , Wang Fen
Published: February 2011

The dense layered ternary Ti2AlN ceramics were successfully synthesized by a combination of mechanical alloying and hot press sintering from the mixture of Ti and Al in nitrogen milling atmosphere. The phase transformation and morphology characteristics in mechanical alloying and subsequently hot press sintering were studied by using XRD and SEM as well as EDS. The results show that Ti(Al,N) amorphous powders were synthesized successfully by mechanical alloying. When the as milled powders were hot pressed at 1200 °C for 1 h, full dense and highly pure layered ternary Ti2AlN ceramic was synthesized.
Researching on the Adsorption of Protein on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Yuan Juan , Guo Qing Quan , He Xiang Zhu , Liu Yan Ping
Published: February 2011

Because of their unique properties, gold nanoparticles(NPs) show a wide range of applications such as surface-enhanced raman characteristics, biological sensing, biomedical and other fields. Different initial concentrations of Bull Serum Albumin(BSA) and egg white lysozyme respectively react with different size of gold nanoparticles. The condition of adsorption is determined by spectrometry method, then the area of protein with different molecular mass on the surface of a gold nanoparticle is calculated. The results show that the larger particle size of a gold nanoparticle is, the more protein the surface a gold nanoparticle adsorbs; the smaller the molecular mass of protein is, the more protein is adsorbed by gold nanoparticles surface.
The Acoustic Insulation Property of a New Non-Woven Material
Authors: Chen Jin Jing , Guo Zheng
Published: February 2011

The acoustic insulation and hydrophobic properties of a new non-woven material were analyzed and discussed in this paper. The new non-woven material absorbs sound energy to transfer into heat energy by friction between viscosity of air near fiber and fiber. The acoustic insulation properties of the new non-woven material, polyurethane foam and felt were measured. With the same thickness and half weight of felt, the sound absorption coefficient of non-woven was 20~30% higher than felt. Further more, with the same weight of felt, the sound absorption coefficient of non-woven was50~60% higher than felt. However, the sound absorption coefficients of non-woven materials with different thickness and weight were also discussed. The amount of the sound absorption coefficient gradient increased with the increase of thickness and frequency. Comparing the existing sound absorption materials, the new non-woven material has high sound absorption, light weight, hydrophobic property, workability, and flame resistance property. The non-woven material can improved thermal insulation and sound absorption by combining conventional non-woven with aluminum evaporated film.So the new nonwoven material has been widely applied in industries to reduce noises, especially in the car.
Rapid Fabrication of Cu-Al2O3 Nanocomposition Coatings
Authors: Chen Jin Song
Published: February 2011

A jet electrodeposition device was carried out to prepare Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings. The influence of the concentration of Al2O3 in the electrolyte and parameters on the content of the Al2O3 in the deposite were investigated. The coatings ingredient and microstructure was measured by the scanning electron microscope, the microhardness tests were conducted on an microhardness tester. The results show that the copper deposited layers have nanocrystalline microstructure with grain size of about 50nm . The amount of Al2O3 in composites first increased and then decreased with an increase in the concentration of Al2O3, current density, temperature and jet velocity. The composite with optimum atomic percent of Al2O3 (14.4 at%) can be obtained at the concentration of 30 g/l , cathodic current densities 300 A/dm2, temperature 30°С , and jet velocity 8 m/s . The addition of Al2O3 in copper increases the microhardness of the electrodeposited coatings.
Influences of Nd3+ Ions Substitution on the Structure and Electromagnetic Properties of the Nanocrystalline Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Ferrite
Authors: Ma Rui Ting , Chen San Kuan , Zhang Gang
Published: February 2011

The spinel nanocrystalline Co0.5Zn0.5Nd0.05Fe1.95O4 ferrite was prepared by polyacrylamide gel method. Influences of Nd3+ ions substitution on the microstructural and electromagnetic properties for the Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrites had been systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and wave-guide method. The results showed that the Nd3+ ions can replace Fe3+ ions and adjust lattice parameters. The average size of the Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and Co0.5Zn0.5Nd0.05Fe1.95O4 particles were identified to be about 50nm and 60nm by TEM, respectively. The complex permittivity (=ε′-jε″) and complex permeability (=μ′-jμ″) for the composites had been measured in the frequency range of 8.2-12.4GHz. The results showed that the Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and Co0.5Zn0.5Nd0.05Fe1.95O4 ferrites had both dielectric loss and magnetic loss. The dielectric loss tangent (tgδε) and magnetic loss tangent (tgδm) for the Co0.5Zn0.5Nd0.05Fe1.95O4 ferrite were obviously higher than those of the Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. The maximal value of tgδε and tgδm for the Co0.5Zn0.5Nd0.05Fe1.95O4 ferrite was around 0.30 at 12.4GHz and 0.16 at 10.8GHz, respectively.
Development of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery Using Electrohydrodynamic Spraying Techniques
Authors: Paecharoenchai Orapan , Suksamran Tittaya , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Rojanarata Theerasak , Opanasopit Praneet
Published: February 2011

Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by crosslinking chitosan (CS) with tripolyphosphate (TPP) solution using electrohydrodynamic spraying technique. The effects of CS and TPP concentration as well as electrical potential on particle size and shape were investigated. Appropriated formulations for preparing nanoparticles were chosen to encapsulate DNA. In vitro evaluation of the obtained nanoparticles as gene carrier such as entrapment efficiency and DNA release was performed. The results showed that 2 mg/ml TPP was dropped at 10 kV into 1 mg/ml CS (MW 20 kDa (F1) and 200 kDa (F2)) yielded the spherical shape and small particles of 227.67 and 240.33 nm, respectively. In DNA entrapment study, all formulations were tested by altering DNA loading to 10, 25 and 50 mg/g of CS. The results revealed that F1 with initial DNA 10 mg/g of CS showed the highest entrapment efficiency of 95.31%. While F2 with initial DNA of 25 mg/g of CS showed the highest entrapment efficiency of 89.16%. The DNA release study from CS nanoparticles indicated that the increasing of DNA amount slowed down the release rate. F1 and F2 with the initial DNA of 10 mg/g of CS had faster release rate than those with 25 and 50 mg/g of CS. It can be concluded that F1 yielded the nanoparticles with the smallest size, high DNA entrapment efficiency and enabled DNA sustained release.
PbSe Nanocrystals Synthesized by an Ultrasonic Electrochemical Method
Authors: Feng Wen Ran , Zhou Hai
Published: February 2011

Lead selenide (PbSe) is quite an important semiconductor material with several superior physical properties, e.g. optical and electrical ones. In this paper, PbSe nanocrystals (NCs) with different morphologies such as sphere, rod and hexagon were successfully prepared by an ultrasonic electrochemical method, using sodium citrate as the coordination agent, at room temperature. The crystal structure and the morphology of the as-prepared PbSe NCs were confirmed by means of the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer (UV) was performed to analyze the optical properties of the PbSe NCs. Results show that the nanospheres were about 60 nm in diameter, and the nanorods were 20 nm in diameter with a slenderness ratio of 25. The possible mechanism for the nanorods growth was discussed. The energy gap of the PbSe NCs deduced from the UV-visible spectra was much larger than their bulk counterparts, due to the quantum size effect.
Self-Supporting Honeycomb Films of Polyphenylene Oxide Fabrication and Characterization
Authors: Chen Hua Wei , Shang Xiao Peng , Zhang Wen Qiang , Zhang De Yuan
Published: February 2011

The PPO films with ordered structures have many potential applications in electronics, optics, separation, etc. Its self-supporting film with regular pores is prepared by evaporating the polyphenylene oxide (PPO) solution in carbon bisulfide under humid ambience. It is demonstrated that the nucleation, growth and ordered packing of water droplets condensed on the PPO solution layer as templates in the process are crutial for high-quality honeycomb films. The humidity, concentration, spreading volume of the PPO solution and the direction of airflow have great impact on the pore size, regularity of the film and so on, which are clarified by experiments.
Sputtering Phenomena of ZnS Nanoparticles with Graphite Sheaths by Impacting of High-Energy Electron in a Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Zhang Ke Jie , Tong Yu Ping , Liu Xiao Heng , Wang Xin
Published: February 2011

This paper presents an interesting sputtering phenomenon when high-energy beams irradiated ZnS nanoparticles with graphite sheaths in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Sputtered nanoparticles were spherical and well dispersed on the copper grids. Results of high-resolution TEM and X-ray diffraction showed that sputtered particles were ZnS nanoparticles. The sizes of deposited ZnS nanoparticles appeared a good gradient distribution according to their distance away from the sputtering target. These nanoparticles had gradual changes in diameter from about 0.5 to 12 nm. We also discussed the mechanism of this sputtering phenomenon. This research may afford a simple and efficient method to prepare well-dispersed semiconductor nanocrystals in a small size range.
Synthesis and Field Emission of ZnO Bundles with High Aspect Ratio by Solution Method
Authors: Liu Jun , Wei Ai Xiang , Zhang Hai Yan
Published: February 2011

ZnO nanowires with the diameters ranging from 20 to 40 nm and lengths in the range 3-5 μm were synthesized on ITO coated glass substrate by a low temperature (80 °C) solution method. The average aspect ratio (h/r) reached 150. Owing to the van der waals force the neighborly nanowires close up to form tower-like ZnO bundles. The field emission of the ZnO bundles shows a turn-on field of 7.1 V/μm at a current density of 10 μA/cm2. The threshold field is 11.3 V/μm at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The good field emission performance is attributed to the high aspect ratio and tower-like shape.
Technological Properties of Poplar Particle/Waste Rubber Powder Composites
Authors: Xin Shu Ying , Cui Yong , Xu Min , Li Jian
Published: February 2011

The hot-pressing technology for the poplar particle /waste rubber powder composites was studied using the poplar particle and waste rubber powder as raw materials. Effects of waste rubber powder content, hot-pressing time, hot-pressing temperature, resin content and board density were analyzed. The hot-pressing technology was better than molding technology. The optimal technological parameters of hot-pressing technology were obtained as board density0.8g/cm³, resin content3%, hot-pressing temperature160°C, hot-pressing time 7min , waste rubber powder content 30%. The testing results showed that the mechanical performances of the poplar particle /waste rubber powder composites made by the hot-pressing technology could achieve the Chinese National Standard for particle board.
Preparation and Photoluminescence Properties of Tadpole-Like Amorphous Silica Nanowires
Authors: Ni Zi Feng , Wang Yong Guang
Published: February 2011

Tadpole-like microstructures which consisted of silica nanowires have been synthesized on Si wafers at 950°C by using tin droplets as catalyst. Each tin droplet can simultaneously catalyzes the growth of many silica nanowires of each tadpole-like microstructure and can simultaneously catalyzes the growth of even two tadpole-like microstructures, which is quite different from the conventional vapor-liquid-solid process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses show that the tadpole-like microstructures with diameters of 5 μm and lengths of up to 50-100 μm. The amorphous silica nanowires with a composition close to that of SiO2 have diameters of 100–200 nm. The PL spectra of the SiO2 nanowires shows a strong emission peak centered at 390 nm (3.18 eV), while two weak PL peaks at 323 nm (3.84 eV), and 455 nm (2.73 eV) can also be observed. The growth mechanism of the tadpole-like microstructures was also investigated.
Effects of Solution Parameters on Morphology and Diameter of Electrospun Polystyrene Nanofibers
Authors: Nitanan Todsapon , Opanasopit Praneet , Akkaramongkolporn Prasert , Rojanarata Theerasak , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait
Published: February 2011

This study focused on the preparation of electrospun polystyrene (PS) nanofibers. Polystyrene solutions were prepared in single (dimethylformamide; DMF, dimethylacetamide; DMAc or tetrahydrofuran; THF) and mixed solvent (DMF/THF and DMAc/THF) systems prior to electrospinning. The effects of solution parameters, including PS concentration and solvent system on solution properties (e.g. conductivity and viscosity), appearance and diameter of polystyrene fibers were examined. The morphology of the as-spun fibers were carefully investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the average diameter of the as-spun fibers increased upon increasing PS concentration. Moreover, the morphology of the fibers significantly depended on the properties of the solvents. The obtained fibers were smooth without any beads and their diameters depended on the amount of THF in the mixed solvent and PS concentration. In summary, the smallest diameter (927±81 nm) and the narrowest fiber diameter distribution of PS nanofibers were obtained from 15% PS solution in DMF/THF (75/25).