bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of hepatic lipid composition in obesity‐related metabolic disease
Authors: Willis Scott A. , Bawden Stephen J. , Malaikah Sundus , Sargeant Jack A. , Stensel David J. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , King James A.
Published: September 2021

Obesity is a primary antecedent to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease whose cardinal feature is excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Although total hepatic lipid content closely associates with hepatic and systemic metabolic dysfunction, accumulating evidence suggests that the composition of hepatic lipids may be more discriminatory. This review summarises cross‐sectional human studies using liver biopsy/lipidomics and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterise hepatic lipid composition in people with obesity and related metabolic disease. A comprehensive literature search identified 26 relevant studies published up to 31st March 2021 which were included in the review. The available evidence provides a consistent picture showing that people with hepatic steatosis possess elevated saturated and/or monounsaturated hepatic lipids and a reduced proportion of polyunsaturated hepatic lipids. This altered hepatic lipid profile associates more directly with metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance, and may be exacerbated in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Further evidence from lipidomic studies suggests that these deleterious changes may be related to defects in lipid desaturation and elongation, and an augmentation of the de novo lipogenic pathway. These observations are consistent with mechanistic studies implicating saturated fatty acids and associated bioactive lipid intermediates (ceramides, lysophosphatidylcholines and diacylglycerol) in the development of hepatic lipotoxicity and wider metabolic dysfunction, whilst monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids may exhibit a protective role. Future studies are needed to prospectively determine the relevance of hepatic lipid composition for hepatic and non‐hepatic morbidity and mortality; and to further evaluate the impact of therapeutic interventions such as pharmacotherapy and lifestyle interventions.
Traumatic myiasis by Wohlfahrtia magnifica in sheep flocks from southeastern Spain: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Remesar S. , Otero J. L. , Panadero R. , Díez‐Baños P. , Díaz P. , García‐Díos D. , Martínez‐Calabuig N. , Morrondo M. P. , Alonso F. , López C.
Published: September 2021

Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is an obligate myiasis‐causing fly of livestock that is widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin. A total of 73 683 sheep from 122 flocks in Albacete Province (southeastern [SE] Spain) were examined to detect active traumatic myiasis. The influence of several individual and flock factors on the prevalence was also assessed. The overall flock prevalence of traumatic myiasis was 95.9%, with an individual prevalence of 7.1%. Wohlfahrtia magnifica was identified in all of the positive animals except one that was infested by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Adults of both genders showed a higher risk of infestation than juveniles, whereas males of all ages displayed an increased risk of infestation than females of all ages; the existence of a lambing building on the farm, poor husbandry facilities and the location area were also identified as risk factors. Prevalence was highest in the summer, and the fly season lasted from March to November. Genitalia were the main location of infestation in males (94.4%) and females (76.3%). Our results reveal that traumatic myiasis by W. magnifica is widespread in southeastern Spain, hence preventive measures minimizing the attractiveness of sheep to gravid flies are necessary to avoid health and welfare problems and significant production losses in sheep flocks.
A nationwide survey of episodic ataxia in Japan
Authors: Kubota Tomoya , Hama Manami , Sugiura Yoshihiro , Takahashi Yuji , Ishikawa Kinya , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Takahashi Masanori P.
Published: September 2021

Background

Episodic ataxia (EA) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by recurrent cerebellar ataxic attacks. Given the limited number of EA case reports in Japan, the current status of EA medical conditions has become obscure, including the number of patients genetically confirmed to have EA and the clinical care these patients received.

Aim

We aimed to address the current status of EA medical conditions in Japan by investigating the total number of patients genetically confirmed to have the disease and their clinical characteristics.

Methods

We conducted a two‐step survey, primarily a nationwide survey using a round‐trip postcard for medical institutions expected to care for EA patients. As a secondary investigation, more detailed clinical information for each case was obtained using a written questionnaire. Furthermore, we explored the literature, including EA case reports in Japan.

Results

Our survey showed the clinical information of 20 EA type 2 (EA2) cases from 14 pedigrees, as confirmed by genetic analysis. In addition to cerebellar ataxic symptoms, clinical manifestations of the included patients were broad, including dizziness, balance disturbance, headache, epilepsy, and psychomotor developmental delay.

Conclusion

The number of patients with genetically confirmed EAs is currently limited in Japan, and a significant number of them may remain undiagnosed. We believe that the development of diagnostic strategies for EA has clinical benefits.
Intragenic NF1 deletions in sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma
Authors: Riobello Cristina , Casanueva Muruais Rodrigo , Suárez‐Fernández Laura , García‐Marín Rocío , Cabal Virginia N. , Blanco‐Lorenzo Verónica , Franchi Alessandro , Laco Jan , López Fernando , Llorente José Luis , Hermsen Mario A.
Published: September 2021

Mucosal malignant melanoma (MMM) is a rare and aggressive tumor. Despite effective local therapies, tumor recurrence and metastasis remain frequent. The genetics of MMM remain incompletely understood. This study is aimed to identify actionable genetic alterations by next‐generation sequencing. Fifteen MMM samples were analyzed by next‐generation and Sanger sequencing. Gene copy number alterations were analyzed by MLPA. Mutation status was correlated with pERK, pAKT, and Ki‐67 expression and follow‐up data. Inactivating mutations and intragenic deletions in neurofibromatosis type‐1 (NF1) were identified in 3 and 2 cases, respectively, (in total 5/15, 33%) and activating mutations in NRAS and KRAS (3/15, 20%) cases. Other mutated genes included CDKN2A, APC, ATM, MITF, FGFR1, and FGFR2. BRAF and KIT mutations were not observed. Cases with NF1 alterations tended to have worse overall survival. The mutational status was not associated with pERK, pAKT, or Ki‐67 immunostaining. MMM carries frequent gene mutations activating the MAPK pathway, similar to cutaneous melanoma. In contrast, NF1 is the most frequently affected gene. Intragenic NF1 deletions have not been described before and may go undetected by sequencing studies. This finding is clinically relevant as NF1‐mutated melanomas have worse survival and could benefit from therapy with immune checkpoint and MEK inhibitors.
Identifying community needs of the Hispanic faith community to develop a research agenda
Authors: Bryant Keneshia , Pro George , Rojo Martha , Patel Jenil , Haynes Tiffany , McElfish Pearl , Sepulveda Manny , Hart Camille
Published: September 2021

Objective

To conduct a community health needs assessment among the Hispanic faith community population to develop a community‐partnered research agenda.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was used to conduct a community needs assessment using a community‐based participatory research approach

Sample

Hispanic faith community members in Central Arkansas.

Measurement

Data collection was led by Hispanic faith leaders using an audience response system at places of worship. An 88‐item Community Health Needs Assessment survey was used that included demographic questions and questions related to five domains including community concerns, community resources, healthcare access, health concerns, and hunger and nutrition.

Results

There were a total of 100 participants in the community needs assessment. Hunger and nutrition was the highest ranking community concern followed by healthcare access.

Conclusion

Based upon the results of the study, the university researchers and Hispanic faith community members have begun the initial steps to developing a research agenda to address the major concerns of the community.
Differential Effects of Received Trade Credit and Provided Trade Credit on Firm Value
Authors: Astvansh Vivek , Jindal Niket
Published: September 2021

With over half a trillion dollars in trade credit flowing between firms in the United States, it is critically important for managers to understand how the trade credit that their firm receives and provides affect its value. Trade credit is a strategic investment in supply chain relationships that allows the recipient to make payment later rather than at the time of the sale. A firm provides trade credit to its downstream business customers and also receives trade credit from its upstream suppliers. Although research has shown that provided trade credit builds a firm's shareholder value, it has not examined what effect, if any, received trade credit has on the firm's value. As a result, one might assume that received trade credit affects firm value in the same manner as provided trade credit. We argue otherwise and show that received trade credit and provided trade credit have differential effects on firm value. Received trade credit has a negative direct effect and a positive indirect effect (through profit), whereas provided trade credit has a positive direct effect and a negative indirect effect. The difference in direct effects hinges on the disparate nature of dependence in the supply chain. Provided trade credit increases customers' dependence on the firm, building the firm's value. In contrast, received trade credit increases the firm's dependence on its suppliers, destroying the firm's value. Empirical results using a sample of 2804 firms from 1986 to 2017 provide robust support for the hypotheses. They show that managers risk overestimating the value of a 1 SD increase in received (provided) trade credit by $284.74 ($74.95) million, on average, if they do not consider both the direct and indirect effects it has on their firm's value.
Canker and wood rot pathogens present in young lemon orchards in south‐west Arizona
Authors: Hu Jiahuai , Wright Glenn C.
Published: September 2021

Canker and wood rots are economically important preharvest diseases of lemons in south‐western Arizona, where commercial lemon production is concentrated. However, the aetiology and epidemiology of canker and wood rots are not well understood. This study comprised a large survey of canker and wood rot incidence and severity in Arizona and the characterization of fungal species associated with the disease. A total of 5431 trees with ages ranging from 1 to 20 years old in 10 lemon orchards were surveyed from 2018 to 2020. Our survey results revealed that canker and wood rot occurred in all 10 lemon orchards studied. Canker and brown rots of twigs, branches, and trunks were the most prevalent symptoms of affected trees ranging from 1 to 20 years old. In contrast, canker and white rots of twigs and branches were observed mostly on 1‐ to 5‐year‐old trees. Disease incidence for both diseases was less than 2% on 1‐ and 2‐year‐old trees. Brown rot increased significantly in older trees, ranging from 62.9% to 100%. Fungi were isolated from canker and wood rot samples and identified based on morphological characters and DNA sequences. Fomitopsis meliae and Hypoxylon macrocarpum were the primary canker and wood rot pathogens isolated from the surveyed orchards, at frequencies of 89% and 11%, respectively. In pathogenicity tests, both fungi were capable of causing canker and wood rots on lemon cv. Lisbon branches and the necrotic length caused by F. meliae was twofold greater than that caused by H. macrocarpum.
Winners and losers: Conflict management through strategic policy engagement
Authors: Olofsson Kristin L.
Published: September 2021

In high‐conflict policy debates, individuals often make strategic decisions about the ways in which they engage in efforts to influence the direction of the debate. Some individuals act to expand the scope of the conflict, whereas others would prefer to contain the scope of the conflict and maintain status quo. This study empirically examines the relationship between activities of political engagement and goals of conflict expansion or containment in a particular setting in which there are clear “winners” and “losers.” This research first explores the tactics an individual undertakes as either conflict expansion or containment. The patterns uncovered are then tested against sectoral affiliation, to draw conclusions about key factors that explain some variation in policy engagement. Findings confirm that there are predictable patterns to engagement decisions, paving the way for future testing in different policy arrangements.
Long‐term follow‐up of SARS‐CoV‐2 recovered renal transplant recipients: A single‐center experience from India
Authors: Chauhan Sanshriti , Meshram Hari Shankar , Kute Vivek , Patel Himanshu , Desai Sudeep , Dave Ruchir
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Follow‐up studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are scarcely reported.

Methods

We studied 142 hospitalized KTR for a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 9 (8–11) months who recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 during May 2020 to Dec 2020. The outcomes were to assess persistent symptoms post‐discharge; EuroQoL visual analogue score (EQ‐VAS); EuroQoL 5‐dimension score (E5‐QD‐5L) score and modified medical research dyspnea score (mMRC) at 1 month, 3‐month, and beyond 6 months. Graft outcome was also analyzed.

Results

The age of the cohort was 43 (34–69) years and COVID‐19 severity ranged from asymptomatic (4%), mild (50%), moderate (35%) to severe (12%).

The most common persistent symptom was fatigue which significantly decreased in the follow‐up (n = 45 [32.3] vs. 10 [7.4] vs. 4 [2.9]; p‐value = 0.001) at 1‐month, 3‐month, and beyond 6 months respectively. Decrement in the mean (standard deviation) EQ‐VAS score from baseline was also improved (28.6 [13] vs. 10.4 [12.5] vs. 7.5 [12.0]; p‐value = 0.012). There was significant improvement in all EQ‐5D‐5L scores in follow‐up. There was no deterioration in mMRC scores during the follow‐up (n = 4, 3% vs. 7, 5% vs. 3, 2%; p‐value = 0.86). Cases requiring oxygen had significantly poorer overall scores initially, but there was no difference at 6 months. All 10 graft losses had oxygen requirement and chronic graft dysfunction at baseline.

Conclusion

Our initial assessment reports significant improvement in the quality of life in follow‐up. The majority recovered from allograft dysfunction. Further research is warranted to study the full spectrum of follow‐up.
Determination of amikacin stability at 1% and 3% concentrations in four topical solutions over a 56‐day period
Authors: Klinczar Arden M. , Griffies Joel D. , Bateman Fiona L. , Arnold Robert D. , Jasper Shanese L. , Brown Austin R.
Published: September 2021

Background

Anecdotally, amikacin has been added to compounded topical preparations for the management of canine bacterial otitis externa. However, the stability of amikacin within these solutions is unknown.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of amikacin at 10 and 30 mg/mL concentrations in four topical solutions over a 56 day period. We hypothesised that amikacin would maintain chemical stability within the various solutions.

Methods and materials

Amikacin was formulated to 10 and 30 mg/mL (1% and 3%) concentrations within four topical solutions: tris‐EDTA (TrizEDTA Aqueous Flush) (TE); 0.15% chlorhexidine gluconate and tris‐EDTA (TrizCHLOR Flush) (TC); 0.9% NaCl (NA); and 0.9% NaCl + 2 mg/mL dexamethasone (ND). Samples were made in duplicate and stored at room temperature (25°C) for 0, 7,14, 21, 28 and 56 days. Amikacin content was quantified, in triplicate, by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

The recovered amikacin concentrations for the 10 mg/mL solutions ranged from 10 to 13.5 mg/mL (mean 11.5 mg/mL) with the exception of NA sample 2 at Day (D)0 (9.4 mg/mL) and D7 (9.2 mg/mL). The recovered amikacin concentrations for the 30 mg/mL solutions ranged from 30 to 40.2 mg/mL (mean 35.7 mg/mL). No significant difference was seen between the amikacin concentrations at D0 compared to D56 for all solutions except 10 mg/mL TE (P < 0.001).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Amikacin maintained stability within TE, TC, NA and ND over 56 days except when formulated at 10 mg/mL within TE.
High-Purity Piping
Authors: Becht Charles
Published: September 2021

The rules in Chapter X of ASME B31.3 are used when the owner designates a piping system to be in High-Purity Fluid Service. The owner is guided in the classification for the piping system by the definition of High-Purity Fluid Service in Chapter I of ASME B31.3. This definition is the Code rule relative to classification. A guide to the application of these rules is provided in ASME B31.3, Appendix M, which contains a flow chart to assist the owner in classifying fluid services.
Limitations on Components and Joints
Authors: Becht Charles
Published: September 2021

ASME B31.3 includes limitations on components and joints in the design chapter, Chapter II. These are contained in Part 3, Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components, and Part 4, Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints. Many of these are restrictions for severe cyclic conditions. The present chapter combines the limitations with pressure design and other considerations on a component-by-component basis.
Large-aperture experimental characterization of the acoustic field generated by a hovering unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Callanan Jesse , Iqbal Rayhaan , Adlakha Revant , Behjat Amir , Chowdhury Souma , Nouh Mostafa
Published: September 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicles, specifically quadrotor drones, are increasingly commonplace in community and workplace settings and are often used for photography, cinematography, and small parcel transport. The presence of these flying robotic systems has a substantial impact on the surrounding environment. To better understand the ergonomic impacts of quadrotor drones, a quantitative description of their acoustic signature is needed. While previous efforts have presented detailed acoustic characterizations, there is a distinct lack of high spatial-fidelity investigations of the acoustic field of a quadrotor hovering under its own power. This work presents an experimental quantification of the spatial acoustic pressure distribution in the near-field of a live hovering unmanned aerial vehicle. A large-aperture scanning microphone array was constructed to measure sound pressure level at a total of 1728 points over a 2 m × 3 m × 1.5 m volume. A physics-infused machine learning model was fit to the data to better visualize and understand the experimental results. The experimental data and modeling presented in this work are intended to inform future design of experiments for quadrotor drone acoustics, provide quantitative information on the acoustic near-field signature, and demonstrate the utility of optical motion tracking coupled with a custom microphone array for characterization of live acoustic sources.
Practical Considerations for Coaching Athletes With Learning Disabilities and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Thurston Rhys J. , Alexander Danielle M. , Michaud Mathieu
Published: September 2021

Learning disabilities and neurodevelopmental disorders are the most prevalent disabilities that affect learning. This paper will provide practical recommendations and observations for coaching athletes with three common learning disabilities (dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia) and two neurodevelopmental disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder). Adapted from the literature and in conjunction with previous experiences, the authors provided a range of recommendations for coaches to consider implementing within their practices. The recommendations place an emphasis on the knowledge, strategies, and behaviors of the coach and their role in providing an inclusive, safe, and accessible space for athletes—with or without disabilities—rather than problematizing the disability or the person. Coaches are encouraged to consider their coaching environment (i.e., structure, physical elements, equipment), communication styles (i.e., language, delivery, feedback), and behaviors (e.g., frequent check-ins, review of material). Furthermore, coaches are encouraged to critically reflect on their preconceived biases, assumptions, and experiences with disability and how these play a role in influencing their coaching practices.Considering the prevalence of people with learning disabilities or neurodevelopmental disorders, it is essential for coaches to have access to disability-specific information while remaining cognizant of the needs of the individual when providing an inclusive environment for all.
Perfectionism and Attitudes Toward Sport Psychology Support and Mental Health Support in Athletes
Authors: Watson Dean R. , Hill Andrew P. , Madigan Daniel J.
Published: September 2021

Attitudes toward help-seeking will contribute to whether athletes ask for support for performance and mental health issues when needed. While research outside of sport has found perfectionism is related to negative attitudes toward help-seeking, no studies have examined the relationship in sport. The authors provided the first test of whether perfectionism predicted attitudes toward both sport psychology support and mental health support. One hundred and sixty-six collegiate athletes completed measures of perfectionism and attitudes toward sport psychology support and mental health support. Multiple regression analyses revealed that perfectionistic concerns positively predicted closedness and stigma toward sport psychology support and mental health support, and negatively predicted help-seeking toward mental health support. However, perfectionistic strivings negatively predicted stigma toward sport psychology support and mental health support, and positively predicted confidence in sport psychology support and help-seeking toward mental health support. Athletes higher in perfectionistic concerns are less likely to seek support when required.
Developmental Differences in Burnout Among High School Athletes in the United States: A Gendered Perspective
Authors: Chu Tsz Lun (Alan) , Sommerfeld Bailey , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2021

Building on recent research examining athlete burnout trajectories, this study implemented the developmental model of sport participation to compare emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation between age groups (specializing [aged 13–15 years] vs. investment [aged 16–18 years]) and gender (boys vs. girls) among U.S. high school athletes. Participants were 367 high school athletes (M = 15.53; 212 males; 186 specializing) across various individual and team sports who completed a survey assessing their demographic information, sport backgrounds, and burnout perceptions. A 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for training hours, showed greater emotional and physical exhaustion and sport devaluation in the investment than the specializing group, but no developmental differences in reduced sense of accomplishment. Contrary to our hypothesis, no gender or interaction effects were found. Findings inform interventions and future research that address the role of developmental stages and gender in athlete burnout.
Predisease Physical Activity Level and Current Functional Capacity in Patients With COVID-19: Relationship With Pneumonia and Oxygen Requirement
Authors: Uz Cuma , Umay Ebru , Gundogdu Ibrahim , Amini Hamid , Uz Fatma B. , Erol Ozlem , Unalan Dilek , Korkmaz Fatma Y. , Akbarpour Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictive measures can reduce physical activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate predisease physical activity and current functional capacity in patients with and without the presence of pneumonia and oxygen requirement in Turkish survivors of COVID-19. Methods: Among the COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital, 100 patients were selected. Data about predisease physical activity (by short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire), oxygen requirement and presence of pneumonia, and current functional capacity (by the 6-min walking test) were collected. Continuous and categorical variables were compared with the Mann–Whitney U and χ2 test, respectively (P < .05). Results: The predisease physical activity levels and current functional capacity of patients with pneumonia and oxygen requirement were significantly lower than patients without pneumonia and oxygen requirement (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference between males and females (P > 0.05). Pneumonia and oxygen requirement was more common in the older adults (P < .05). Also, a significant correlation was found between age with predisease physical activity (r = .530, P = .000) and current functional capacity (r = −.346, P = .000) and predisease physical activity level with current functional capacity (r = .523, P = .001). Conclusion: The physical activity level may be related to the severity of COVID-19 disease.
“Invisible Sportswomen”: The Sex Data Gap in Sport and Exercise Science Research
Authors: Cowley Emma S. , Olenick Alyssa A. , McNulty Kelly L. , Ross Emma Z.
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to conduct an updated exploration of the ratio of male and female participants in sport and exercise science research. Publications involving humans were examined from The European Journal of Sports Science, Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, The Journal of Sport Science & Medicine, The Journal of Physiology, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, and The British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014–2020. The total number of participants, the number of male and female participants, the title, and the topic, were recorded for each publication. Data were expressed in frequencies and percentages. Chi-square analyses were used to assess the differences in frequencies in each of the journals. About 5,261 publications and 12,511,386 participants were included in the analyses. Sixty-three percentage of publications included both males and females, 31% included males only, and 6% included females only (p < .0001). When analyzing participants included in all journals, a total of 8,253,236 (66%) were male and 4,254,445 (34%) were female (p < .0001). Females remain significantly underrepresented within sport and exercise science research. Therefore, at present most conclusions made from sport and exercise science research might only be applicable to one sex. As such, researchers and practitioners should be aware of the ongoing sex data gap within the current literature, and future research should address this.
Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 partially protects rhesus macaques against reinfection with B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants
Authors: Chandrashekar Abishek , Liu Jinyan , Yu Jingyou , McMahan Katherine , Tostanoski Lisa H. , Jacob-Dolan Catherine , Mercado Noe B. , Anioke Tochi , Chang Aiquan , Gardner Sarah , Giffin Victoria M. , Hope David L. , Nampanya Felix , Patel Shivani , Sanborn Owen , Sellers Daniel , Wan Huahua , Martinot Amanda J. , Baczenas John J. , O’Connor Shelby L. , Pessaint Laurent , Valentin Daniel , Espina Benjamin , Wattay Lauren , Ferrari Maria G. , Brown Renita , Cook Anthony , Bueno-Wilkerson Deandre , Teow Elyse , Andersen Hanne , Lewis Mark G. , Barouch Dan H.
Published: September 2021

SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 infection of rhesus macaques partially protects against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Neodymium as Metal Cofactor for Biological Methanol Oxidation: Structure and Kinetics of an XoxF1-Type Methanol Dehydrogenase
Authors: Schmitz Rob A. , Picone Nunzia , Singer Helena , Dietl Andreas , Seifert Kerstin-Anikó , Pol Arjan , Jetten Mike S. M. , Barends Thomas R. M. , Daumann Lena J. , Op den Camp Huub J. M.
Published: September 2021

Lanthanides comprise a group of 15 elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 that are essential in a variety of high-tech devices, such as mobile phones, but were considered biologically inert for a long time. The biological relevance of lanthanides became evident when the acidophilic methanotroph
Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum
SolV, isolated from a volcanic mud pot, could only grow when lanthanides were supplied to the growth medium.
Synergism versus Additivity: Defining the Interactions between Common Disinfectants
Authors: Noel Daniel J. , Keevil C. William , Wilks Sandra A.
Published: September 2021

The scarcity of observed synergistic interactions suggests that in the case of many disinfectant-based products, combined mechanisms of interaction may be being misinterpreted. We emphasize the need to correctly differentiate between additivity and synergism in antimicrobial formulations, as inappropriate classification may lead to unnecessary issues in the event of regulatory changes.
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp5 Demonstrates Two Distinct Mechanisms Targeting RIG-I and MAVS To Evade the Innate Immune Response
Authors: Liu Yongzhen , Qin Chao , Rao Youliang , Ngo Chau , Feng Joshua J. , Zhao Jun , Zhang Shu , Wang Ting-Yu , Carriere Jessica , Savas Ali Can , Zarinfar Mehrnaz , Rice Stephanie , Yang Hanging , Yuan Weiming , Camarero Julio A. , Yu Jianhua , Chen Xiaojiang S. , Zhang Chao , Feng Pinghui
Published: September 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is rapidly evolving with better transmissibility. Understanding the molecular basis of the SARS-CoV-2 interaction with host cells is of paramount significance, and development of antiviral agents provides new avenues to prevent and treat COVID-19 diseases. This study describes a molecular characterization of innate immune evasion mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp5 main protease and subsequent development of a small-molecule inhibitor.
Inactivation of Nitrite-Dependent Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis Is Responsible for Overlapped Antibiotic Resistance between Naturally and Artificially Evolved Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kuang Su-fang , Feng Ding-yun , Chen Zhuang-gui , Liang Zhuo-zheng , Xiang Juan-juan , Li Hui , Peng Xuan-xian , Zhang Tiantuo
Published: September 2021

Infections with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
have become a real concern among hospital-acquired infections, especially in cystic fibrosis patients and immunocompromised individuals. Control of the pathogen is challenging due to antibiotic resistance.
New Method for Synthesis of Substituted N-Borylated Dipeptides Based on Acetonitrile Derivative of the closo-Dodecaborate Anion
Authors: Nelyubin A. V. , Selivanov N. A. , Klyukin I. N. , Bykov A. Yu. , Zhdanov A. P. , Zhizhin K. Yu. , Kuznetsov N. T.
Published: September 2021

A new multistage synthesis of the N-borylated dipeptide B12-PheGlyOH has been proposed. The approach is based on the reaction of nucleophilic addition of amino acid derivatives to the [B12H11NCCH3]– anion. The products of each stage have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR absorption spectroscopy, and ESI mass spectrometry.
Inconsistencies in fertility preservation for young people with cancer in the UK
Authors: Newton Hannah L , Picton Helen M , Friend Amanda Jane , Hayden Catherine M , Brougham Mark , Cox Rachel , Grandage Victoria , Kwok-Williams Michelle , Lane Sheila , Mitchell Rod Thomas , Skinner Roderick , Wallace W Hamish , Yeomanson Daniel , Glaser Adam W
Published: September 2021

Objective

To assess the utilisation of and funding structure for fertility preservation for children diagnosed with cancer in the UK.

Design

Survey of paediatric oncologists/haematologists. Questionnaires were sent electronically with reminder notifications to non-responders.

Setting

UK Paediatric Oncology Principal Treatment Centres (PTCs).

Participants

Paediatric oncologists/haematologists with an interest in the effects of treatment on fertility representing the 20 PTCs across the UK.

Main outcome measures

Referral practices, sources and length of funding for storage of gametes or gonadal tissue for children diagnosed with cancer in the preceding 12 months.

Results

Responses were received from 18 PTCs (90%) with responses to 98.3% of questions. All centres had referred patients for fertility preservation: ovarian tissue collection/storage 100% (n=18 centres), sperm banking 100% (n=17; one centre was excluded due to the age range of their patients), testicular tissue storage 83% (n=15), mature oocyte collection 35% (n=6; one centre was excluded due to the age range of their patients). All centres with knowledge of their funding source reported sperm cryopreservation was NHS funded. Only 60% (n=9) centres reported the same for mature oocyte storage. Of the centres aware of their funding source, half reported that ovarian and testicular tissue storage was funded by charitable sources; this increased in England compared with the rest of the UK.

Conclusions

Inequality exists in provision of fertility preservation for children with cancer across the UK. There is lack of formalised government funding to support international guidelines, with resultant geographical variation in care. Centralised funding of fertility preservation for children and young adults is needed alongside establishment of a national advisory panel to support all PTCs.
Hypertensive emergency and seizures during haemodialysis
Authors: Murali Shraddha , Shenoy Srinivas Vinayak , Prabhu Ravindra Attur , Nagaraju Shankar Prasad
Published: September 2021

Intracranial abscesses are uncommon, serious and life-threatening infections. A brain abscess is caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local or remote infectious sources. Patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis are prone to invasive bacterial infections like methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) especially in the presence of central venous catheters or arteriovenous grafts. However, intracranial abscess formation due to MRSA is rare. Here, we present a case of MRSA brain abscess with an atypical clinical presentation in the absence of traditional risk factors.

Intracranial abscesses are uncommon, serious, and life-threatening infections. A Brain abscess is caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local or remote infectious sources. Patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis are prone to invasive bacterial infections like methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) especially in the presence of central venous catheters or arterio-venous grafts. However intracranial abscess formation due to MRSA is rare. Here we present a case of MRSA brain abscess with an atypical clinical presentation in the absence of traditional risk factors. A 46-year-old male with chronic kidney disease (CKD) secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis, on haemodialysis for 4 years through a left brachio-cephalic AVF developed an episode of generalised tonic-clonic seizures lasting 2 min during his scheduled dialysis session. He reported no complaints before entry to the dialysis. On clinical examination, he was drowsy with the absence of any focal motor deficits. His blood pressure was recorded to be 200/120 mm Hg. He was managed in the intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation, intravenous nitroglycerine for blood pressure control, levetiracetam for seizures and empirical vancomycin. Radiological evaluation showed a brain abscess in the midline involving bosth basi-frontal lobes. After medical optimization, the abscess was drained surgically, and the pus cultured. As culture grew Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, he was treated with intravenous vancomycin for 6 weeks. On follow up, the abscess had resolved and the patient recovered without any neurological deficits.
Supernumerary tooth in nasopalatine canal: a rare cause of septal cartilage collapse
Authors: Misirovs Rasads , Kanodia Avinash Kumar , McDonald Christopher , Green Richard
Published: September 2021

Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth, located between the maxillary central incisors in close relation to the nasopalatine canal. A 20-year-old man presented with right-sided nasal blockage, nasal discharge and collapsed nose without history of trauma. Imaging revealed a calcified mass in the inferior meatus extending into dilated nasopalatine canal. Endoscopic removal of the mass revealed tuberculate appearance of an incompletely developed tooth, consistent with mesiodens. Based on the history of septal cartilage collapse with right-sided mucopurulent discharge, endoscopic findings of the right inferior turbinate being adherent to the septal cartilage and the underlying mesiodens, we believe that the patient developed a septal abscess secondary to infection in nasal mucosa surrounding the mesiodens causing collapse of septal cartilage. While a tooth or tooth-like mass causing nasal passage air-flow obstruction is uncommon, we believe that this is the first reported case of mesiodens presenting with septal cartilage collapse.
Purulent pericarditis, an unusual cause of cardiac arrest
Authors: Green Kevin , Rothweiler Stephanie , Attarha Barrett , Seeram Vandana Kavita
Published: September 2021

Purulent pericarditis is a rare infection of the pericardial space defined by the presence of gross pus or microscopic purulence. Here, we present a case ofStreptococcus anginosuspurulent pericarditis, leading to obstructive and septic shock. After prompt pericardial drainage, the patient experienced rapid improvement in symptoms. However, due to the presence of a loculated effusion and concern for development of constrictive pericarditis, a pericardial window was performed. Although purulent pericarditis is often fatal, this case illustrates the reduced morbidity following prompt recognition and drainage.
Studies on the prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia: a protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Markos Merkineh , Kefyalew Biruktawit , Tesfaye Hana Belay
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Blindness refers to a lack of vision and/or defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60 in the better eye. Its highest proportion has been conforming to the developing countries such as Ethiopia. So, timely information is crucial to design strategies. However, the study on the magnitude of blindness in Ethiopia was outdated, that means it was conducted in 2005–2006. Therefore, this protocol has been proposed to estimate the pooled prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia to provide up-to-date, comprehensive evidence on this theme.

Methods and analysis

The following databases will be used to search articles: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and retrieving references. Standard data extraction approach will be employed and presented using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool will be used to evaluate the quality of studies. Analysis will be held using STATA V.11. Funnel plot and Egger’s regression test will be applied to check for the potential sources of bias. Heterogeneity among the studies will be tested using Higgins method in which I² statistics will be calculated and compared with the standard. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis will be done to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. Cross-sectional and survey studies conducted in Ethiopia and published in English language will be included.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval and consent are not required. On completion, the result will be submitted to a reputable peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

CRD42021268448.
Mobile applications for prematurity: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sadeghi Malihe , Kahouei Mehdi , Pahlevanynejad Shahrbanoo , Valinejadi Ali , Momeni Marjan , Kermani Farzaneh , Seddighi Hamed
Published: September 2021

Background

Premature birth is a global epidemic of significant public health concern. Counselling and education of pregnant women at risk of preterm birth or mothers with premature infants are essential to improve mother and infant health. Mobile applications are an increasingly popular tool among parents to receive health information and education. This study aims to evaluate the usages and the effects of a mobile application designed for premature births in order to improve health outcomes.

Methods

This review will include all studies of different designs which evaluated the use and impact of interventions provided via mobile applications on pregnant women at risk of preterm birth or mothers with premature infants in order to address all health outcomes. A combination of keywords and MeSH(Medical Subject Headings) terms is used in the search strategy. Literature databases including Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, CINAHL and Cochrane Library will be searched to May 2021. Furthermore, eligible studies will be chosen from the reference list of retrieved papers. Two researchers will independently review the retrieved citations to decide whether they meet the inclusion criteria. Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) V.2018 will be used to assess the quality of studies. Relevant data are collected in a data extraction form and analysed. Results are reported under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Discussion

This systematic review will recognize and combine evidence about the usages and impact of mobile application interventions on the health improvement of pregnant women at risk of preterm birth or mothers with premature infants.
Physical activity and the progression of coronary artery calcification
Authors: Sung Ki-Chul , Hong Yun Soo , Lee Jong-Young , Lee Seung-Jae , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Zhao Di , Cho Juhee , Guallar Eliseo , Lima Joao A C
Published: September 2021

Background

The association of physical activity with the development and progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores has not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the prospective association between physical activity and CAC scores in apparently healthy adults.

Methods

Prospective cohort study of men and women free of overt cardiovascular disease who underwent comprehensive health screening examinations between 1 March 2011 and 31 December 2017. Baseline physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and categorised into three groups (inactive, moderately active and health-enhancing physically active (HEPA)). The primary outcome was the difference in the 5-year change in CAC scores by physical activity category at baseline.

Results

We analysed 25 485 participants with at least two CAC score measurements. The proportions of participants who were inactive, moderately active and HEPA were 46.8%, 38.0% and 15.2%, respectively. The estimated adjusted average baseline CAC scores (95% confidence intervals) in participants who were inactive, moderately active and HEPA were 9.45 (8.76, 10.14), 10.20 (9.40, 11.00) and 12.04 (10.81, 13.26). Compared with participants who were inactive, the estimated adjusted 5-year average increases in CAC in moderately active and HEPA participants were 3.20 (0.72, 5.69) and 8.16 (4.80, 11.53). Higher physical activity was association with faster progression of CAC scores both in participants with CAC=0 at baseline and in those with prevalent CAC.

Conclusion

We found a positive, graded association between physical activity and the prevalence and the progression of CAC, regardless of baseline CAC scores.
Achieving remission or low disease activity is associated with better outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ugarte-Gil Manuel Francisco , Mendoza-Pinto Claudia , Reátegui-Sokolova Cristina , Pons-Estel Guillermo J. , van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Bertsias George , Alarcon Graciela S. , Pons-Estel Bernardo A
Published: September 2021

Background

Remission and low disease activity (LDA) have been proposed as the treatment goals for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several definitions for each have been proposed in the literature.

Objective

To assess the impact of remission/LDA according to various definitions on relevant outcomes in patients with SLE.

Methods

This systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses using PubMed (1946–week 2, April 2021), Cochrane library (1985–week 2, week 2, April 2021) and EMBASE (1974–week 2, April 2021). We included longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in patients with SLE reporting the impact of remission and LDA (regardless their definition) on mortality, damage accrual, flares, health-related quality of life and other outcomes (cardiovascular risk, hospitalisation and direct costs). The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results

We identified 7497 articles; of them, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. Some articles reported a positive association with survival, although this was not confirmed in all of them. Organ damage accrual was the most frequently reported outcome, and remission and LDA were reported as protective of this outcome (risk measures varying from 0.04 to 0.95 depending on the definition). Similarly, both states were associated with a lower probability of SLE flares, hospitalisations and a better health-related quality of life, in particular the physical domain.

Conclusion

Remission and LDA are associated with improvement in multiple outcomes in patients with SLE, thus reinforcing their relevance in clinical practice.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020162724.