bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Coworking Is About Community”: But What Is “Community” in Coworking?
Authors: Spinuzzi Clay , Bodrožić Zlatko , Scaratti Giuseppe , Ivaldi Silvia
Published: December 2018

Coworking spaces are shared working environments in which independent knowledge workers gather. Coworking is consistently described in terms of community and collaboration—yet these terms are defined inconsistently in the coworking literature. This study reviews the literature on coworking to better examine how community relates to collaboration. To anchor a more systematic analysis of community in coworking, the authors introduce Adler and Heckscher’s typology of communities; apply it to a study of six coworking spaces in the United States, Italy, and Serbia; and develop the typology to better understand coworking.
Comparing Cephalic Index and Midsagittal Vector Analysis in Assessing Morphology in Sagittal Synostosis: A CT-Based Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Hong Brian Y. , Ho Emily S. , Zellner Elizabeth , Phillips John H. , Forrest Christopher R.
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Assessment of cranial dysmorphism in sagittal synostosis is often subjective but objective measures can be applied. These include cephalic index (CI) and midsagittal vector analysis (MSVA).

Objective:

To assess discriminant validity, construct validity, and responsiveness of CI and MSVA measured from computed tomography (CT) in patients with sagittal synostosis.

Methods:

Patients with nonsyndromic isolated sagittal synostosis with complete preoperative (n = 30) and postoperative (n = 13) CT data were included. Age-matched control group (n = 24) comprised of normocephalic patients who underwent CT for reasons related to trauma.

Outcome Measures:

Retrospective CT evaluation of CI and MSVA was conducted and correlated with a dysmorphism numeric rating scale (D-NRS) that measured surgeon-rated severity of sagittal synostosis. Responsiveness of CI and MSVA was evaluated using dysmorphism global rating of change (D-GRC).

Results:

Thirty patients with sagittal synostosis were demographically similar to 24 normocephalic patients. The difference in CI and MSVA was statistically significant between normocephalic and scaphocephalic patients. Cephalic index had a good correlation with D-NRS ( r = −0.665, ρ = −0.667), but not with MSVA ( r = 0.250, ρ = 0.203). Change in CI ( r = 0.738, ρ = 0.657) was well correlated with D-GRC, but not with MSVA ( r = −0.409, ρ = −0.301).

Conclusion:

Cephalic index appears to quantify the severity of sagittal synostosis better than MSVA. Cephalic index also has better responsiveness than MSVA to measure a reduction in severity of disease; however, MSVA is a better descriptive craniometric measurement. Midsagittal vector analysis was able to quantify the shift in morphology in sagittal synostosis following surgical treatment.
Systematic Review of School Telehealth Evaluations
Authors: Sanchez Denisse , Reiner Jennifer F. , Sadlon Rachel , Price Olga Acosta , Long Michael W.
Published: December 2018

School telehealth is an alternative delivery model to increase student health-care access with minimal evaluation to aid decision makers in the adoption or expansion of programs. This systematic review assesses school-based telehealth programs using a dissemination and implementation (D&I) framework to inform practitioners and decision makers of the value of school telehealth. We assessed findings from 20 studies on telehealth published between January 2006 and June 2018 and summarized program evaluation on a range of D&I constructs. The sample population included children in school- or center-based early childhood education under age 22 and included parents, providers, and school personnel across urban and suburban locations. There is some evidence that school telehealth can reduce emergency department visits and improve health status for children with chronic and acute illnesses. Future research should report on barriers and facilitators of implementation of programs, including costs related to application of telehealth services and utilization rates.
Recent Stressful Life Events (SLE) and Adolescent Mental Health: Initial Validation of the LEIA, a New Checklist for SLE Assessment According to Their Severity, Interpersonal, and Dependent Nature
Authors: Moya-Higueras Jorge , Cuevas Andrea , Marques-Feixa Laia , Mezquita Laura , Mayoral María , Fañanás Lourdes , Ortet Generós , Ibáñez Manuel I.
Published: December 2018

The main aim of the present study was to develop and validate a checklist for adolescents, the Life Events Inventory for Adolescents (LEIA), for screening stressful life events (SLEs) of different nature (major–minor, dependent–independent, and personal–interpersonal). The LEIA was administered together with another SLE checklist (Escala de Acontecimientos Vitales [Life Events Scale], EAV), and with measures of life satisfaction and externalizing and internalizing symptoms. The results showed that the kappa and the percentage agreement reliability indices were adequate. Regarding validity evidences, the correlations found between the LEIA and the EAV ranged from .65 to .69, and between the LEIA and the psychopathological symptoms ranged from .26 to .38. Specifically, major dependent noninterpersonal SLEs were the best predictors of externalizing psychopathology; while major independent noninterpersonal SLEs were the best predictors of internalizing symptoms and low life satisfaction. To conclude, the LEIA could be considered an adequate checklist to screen for SLEs in adolescents.
Vinblastine-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Authors: Ayesh (Haj Yousef) Mahmoud H , Eyadeh Ahmed , Rawashdeh Rand AL , Khasawneh Ruba , Saleh Judy A , Jibreel Malak J
Published: December 2018

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome has recently been recognized as an entity characterized by central neurological and radiological manifestations. There are increasing reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with the use of chemotherapeutic agents. We herein present a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome occurring in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma after taking two courses of adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine chemotherapy. A prompt recognition of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with vinblastine and discontinuation of this drug is paramount to prevent severe neurological damage.
Case report of neurotoxicity with blinatumomab and concurrent intrathecal chemotherapy in second relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with central nervous system disease
Authors: Chen Jason , Ngo Dat , Rosenthal Joseph
Published: December 2018

A 26-year-old male with a history of pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and seizures presented with second relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and central nervous system involvement, 19 years after the initial diagnosis. Over the next two months, the patient received six doses of triple intrathecal chemotherapy (cytarabine, methotrexate, and hydrocortisone), three concurrently with continuous blinatumomab in the second month. Approximately 12 days after blinatumomab initiation, he developed central nervous system toxicity manifesting as speech impairment, altered mental status, incontinence, and diffuse weakness. Blinatumomab was discontinued, and he was started on dexamethasone. Within the next couple of months, his neurologic status recovered, and he was able to perform all of his baseline activities without limitation. Unfortunately, the patient eventually expired after further relapse approximately one year later. To our knowledge, this is the first published case report of severe neurotoxicity in a patient who was given blinatumomab concurrently with intrathecal chemotherapy.
Dose-related periorbital edema following sorafenib in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Freyer Craig W , Mangan James K
Published: December 2018

We describe a case of dose-related periorbital edema in a patient with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia taking sorafenib and voriconazole that resolved following sorafenib dose reduction. We hypothesize that the mechanism of this adverse event may be related to the inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) by sorafenib. Clinicians should be aware of this possible dose-related adverse event and the potential role of sorafenib dose reduction when on concurrent voriconazole.
ADHD Comorbid With Major Depression on Parents and Teachers Perceptions
Authors: Coutinho Daniele , Farias Antonio Carlos , Felden Erico Pereira Gomes , Cordeiro Mara L
Published: December 2018

Objective: Examine the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) responses of parents and teachers for children with ADHD comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD), with an emphasis on determining how well the respondent groups’ responses correlate, and how well the results obtained perform as predictors of clinical diagnosis. Method: The SDQ was completed by parents and teachers of ( n = 215 participants, 7-12 years old) in ADHD, MDD, ADHD + MDD, and healthy control groups. Agreement between parent and teacher SDQs and their concordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) diagnoses were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kappa concordance analyses were used to compare the groups with the health control group. Results: The comorbid group presented greater impairments than the ADHD, MDD, and control groups ( p < .001). Conclusion: The presence of psychiatric comorbidity causes greater impairment for school children with ADHD. The SDQ has good sensitivity for detecting these children and correlates well with DSM diagnosis.
Sequence effect in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with intravitreal ranibizumab and panretinal photocoagulation
Authors: Cao Guofan , Xu Xiangzhong , Wang Chenghu , Zhang Shu
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

To compare the outcome of the sequence in the two treatments (intravitreal ranibizumab and panretinal photocoagulation) in high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 35 patients with newly diagnosed high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 43 eyes; 18 (22 eyes) received intravitreal ranibizumab before panretinal photocoagulation (intravitreal ranibizumab+ group), while the other 17 (21 eyes) received panretinal photocoagulation before intravitreal ranibizumab (panretinal photocoagulation+ group). Each subject received three intravitreal ranibizumabs that were interleaved with three panretinal photocoagulations. The first treatment (either intravitreal ranibizumab or panretinal photocoagulation) was done 1 week before the second one. The interval between intravitreal ranibizumabs was 4 weeks, panretinal photocoagulation was 2 weeks. The power and pulse duration were determined based upon the status of each retinal spot before each panretinal photocoagulation. The retinal non-perfusion region was measured with fundus fluorescein angiography before and 1 month after the final treatment. The central macular thickness was measured with optical coherence tomography within 1 week before the first treatment, before each panretinal photocoagulation, and 1 month after the final intravitreal ranibizumab.

Results:

The panretinal photocoagulation energy required for effective treatment was lower in intravitreal ranibizumab+ group in the first and second sessions and in total energy (p < 0.05). Central macular thickness reduction before the second panretinal photocoagulation session was significant in the intravitreal ranibizumab+ group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The sequence used in intravitreal ranibizumab+ group showed clear advantages over that in panretinal photocoagulation+ group in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, not only in the use of lower energy for panretinal photocoagulation but also in the more rapid regression of neovascularization and less need of additional treatment.
Usefulness of telemedicine for home ventilator-dependent children
Authors: Muñoz-Bonet Juan I , López-Prats José L , Flor-Macián Eva M , Cantavella Teresa , Bonet Laura , Domínguez Amparo , Brines Juan
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Medical care for ventilator-dependent children must avoid hospital confinement, which is detrimental to the patient, their family and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Our objective was to assess the role of telemedicine in facilitating early and permanent discharge of such patients to home care.

Methods

This was a prospective clinical study (2007–2017) in tracheotomised ventilator-dependent children. We used a Big Data Telemedicine home system (Medlinecare 2.1) from the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Specialised home-nursing services were available. Clinical events were analysed using the Chi-square test (significance p < 0.05). Families subsequently completed a satisfaction survey. The Paediatric Intensive Care Unit management indicators were analysed.

Results

All of our ventilator-dependent children were included ( n=12). At time of discharge from the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, they all required continuous mechanical ventilation and met the criteria of groups I–III of the OTA classification. In the first two years there were 141 events; the main cause was respiratory (69.5%, p < 0.001) and telemedicine was the main care approach (86.5%, p < 0.001). Eleven events required hospitalisation (7.8%) but 38 (27.0%) hospitalisations were avoided. The emergency readmission time accounted for 0.99% of the total time. Six patients were decannulated, and one patient died due to primary cardiac arrest. All the families considered that the telemedicine had helped to avoid hospital visits, was not an intrusion into their privacy, and improved the child’s safety and quality of life. An improvement in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit indicators was achieved.

Discussion

Telemedicine facilitated early and permanent discharge of our ventilator-dependent children to home care without affecting their quality of care.
Contribution of alcohol and drug co-use to substance use problems: Data from a nationally-representative sample of US adults who have never been to treatment
Authors: Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J. , Subbaraman Meenakshi S. , Greenfield Thomas K. , Kerr William C.
Published: December 2018

Aims:

Combined use of alcohol with drugs elevates risk for problems including injury and driving while intoxicated. We assessed contributions of heavy drinking (5+ drinks for men/4+ for women), drug use (cannabis and other drugs) and simultaneous co-use to DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug abuse (DA). We expected co-use to increase risk for AUD and DA.

Methods:

Using population-weighted data from adults in the 2014–2015 National Alcohol Survey who had never been to treatment ( N = 3386 drinkers, 50% male, 13% Hispanic, 11% Black, mean age 45 years; N = 439 drug users, 56% male, 20% Hispanic, 15% Black, mean age 36), we tested hypotheses using logistic regression adjusting for demographics, family history of alcohol problems and impulsivity.

Results:

Ten percent of drinkers and 26% of drug users met criteria for mild AUD; <1% of drinkers and 4% of drug users met criteria for DA. Heavy drinking significantly increased risk for AUD, as did monthly or weekly use of cannabis. When simultaneous co-use was added, increased risk associated with cannabis use was reduced to non-significance. Weekly cannabis use, weekly use of other drugs and simultaneous drug and alcohol co-use were associated with significantly elevated risk of DA. In bivariate analyses, simultaneous co-use was associated with significantly greater endorsement of each of the separate AUD and DA symptom domains, including alcohol craving, tolerance and withdrawal, as well as drug and alcohol social and physical health problems.

Conclusion:

Healthcare providers should screen for simultaneous co-use of alcohol and drugs to help identify patients who may benefit from substance abuse treatment.
Numerical studies of transmission loss performances of asymmetric Helmholtz resonators in the presence of a grazing flow
Authors: Lu Zhengli , Pan Weichen , Guan Yiheng
Published: December 2018

As a typical noise-attenuating device, Helmholtz resonators are widely implemented in aero-engines and gas turbines to decrease the transmission of acoustic noise. However, an asymmetric Helmholtz resonator could be designed and implemented due to the limited space available in the engines. To examine and optimize the noise-attenuating performances of the asymmetric resonator, comparison studies are performed. For this, a two-dimensional frequency-domain model of a cylindrical duct with a grazing flow is developed. An asymmetric Helmholtz resonator is attached as a side branch. The model containing the linearized Navier–Stokes equations is validated first by comparing the predicted results with the experimental ones available in the literature. Further validation is conducted by comparing the results of an asymmetric resonator with the analytical ones available in the literature. The effects of (1) neck offset distance from the center of the resonator cavity denoted by [Formula: see text] and (2) the grazing flow Mach number [Formula: see text] are evaluated. It is shown that as the grazing flow Mach number is increased, the resonant frequencies and the maximum transmission losses are dramatically varied for a given [Formula: see text]. As [Formula: see text] is increased from 0 to 0.5 and [Formula: see text], the resonant frequencies and the maximum transmission losses are increased. However, when [Formula: see text] is lower than 0.07, i.e. [Formula: see text], the transmission loss performances are almost unchanged with [Formula: see text] increased. The optimum design of the asymmetric resonator is shown to give rise to the resonant frequency being shifted by 10% and 2–5 dB more transmission loss at higher Mach number. Finally, visualization of vortex shedding formed at the neck of the asymmetric resonator confirms that acoustical energy is transformed into kinetic energy and absorbed by the surrounding air. This study opens up a numerical design approach to optimize an asymmetric resonator.
Identifying risky Internet use: Associating negative online experience with specific online behaviours
Authors: Gainsbury Sally M , Browne Matthew , Rockloff Matthew
Published: December 2018

Experiencing negative outcomes online is increasingly common, with more people active online and the continued presence of aggressive online behaviours. This study sought to uncover the underlying factor structure of negative online consequences. It investigated how experiencing negative outcomes is associated with engaging in specific online activities. Australian adult Internet users ( N = 1773, mean age = 42.5 years, 54.8% female) completed an online survey. An underlying factor structure was identified with subgroups of negative outcomes identified relating to hacking/identity theft, abuse/harassment, non-targeted scams and targeted scams. Victimisation was associated with engagement with online pornography and forums; use of multiple discussion forums, dating, and gaming sites; and expenditure on gaming, dating and pornography sites. Results suggest that overall Internet involvement does not predict victimisation, but specific activities are linked to certain harms. This research creates a framework to inform policy and practice to minimise online victimisation and guide ongoing research.
Comparing survey ranking question formats in mail surveys
Authors: Smyth Jolene D. , Olson Kristen , Burke Allison
Published: December 2018

Although questions that ask respondents to rank-order a list of items can be analytically valuable, responding to ranking questions typically requires a good deal of cognitive effort. This is especially true in mail questionnaires where the advantages of electronic response formats available in web surveys are inaccessible. In this article, we examine two alternative formats for ranking questions in mail surveys. Using a nationally representative mail survey of U.S. adults, this article experimentally compares ranking formats in which respondents write numbers in boxes versus selecting items for the most and second most important issues using a grid layout. Respondents to the numbering format were more likely to provide usable data, although one-third of respondents in this format still did not follow instructions correctly. Substantive responses differed somewhat across formats. Less educated respondents had difficulty with both formats, resulting in substantively different conclusions about preferences across formats for this group. A numbering format is more effective than a most–second most grid format for collecting ranking data in mail surveys.
How open data may be leveraged to help develop a new “research paradigm”
Authors: Florès Laurent
Published: December 2018

As market researchers get largely criticized in their ability to properly measure the world we live in, the author argues that they should reconsider “survey methods” less as “traditional research” and more as a “paradigm” in the Khunian sense. He therefore invites them to reconsider the methods they use to remain true to their core original mission: “evidence based decision-making”. To this end, the author shows how “open data” may help in doing so.
Hello marketing, what can artificial intelligence help you with?
Authors: Wirth Norbert
Published: December 2018

Artificial intelligence based applications are emerging in a broad range of expert domains. News about AI based solutions in medicine, industrial production processes, logistics, mobility and digital marketing trigger discussions and a lot of speculation. The market research industry seems hesitant and at the same time eager to embrace this new technology. In this article the author provides a definition of artificial intelligence and its different forms: narrow AI, hybrid AI and strong AI. He concludes his reflection on the question whether it’s feasible to develop AI based marketing insights solutions with the recommendation: it’s time to embrace AI.
Open Guided Waves: online platform for ultrasonic guided wave measurements
Authors: Moll Jochen , Kathol Jens , Fritzen Claus-Peter , Moix-Bonet Maria , Rennoch Marcel , Koerdt Michael , Herrmann Axel S , Sause Markus GR , Bach Martin
Published: December 2018

Ultrasonic guided waves have been used successfully in structural health monitoring systems to detect damage in isotropic and composite materials with simple and complex geometry. A limitation of current research is given by a lack of freely available benchmark measurements to comparatively evaluate existing methods. This article introduces the extendable online platform Open Guided Waves ( http://www.open-guided-waves.de ) where high-quality and well-documented datasets for guided wave-based inspections are provided. In this article, we describe quasi-isotropic carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer plates with embedded piezoelectric transducers as a first benchmark structure. Intentionally, this is a structure of medium complexity to enable many researchers to apply their methods. In a first step, ultrasound and X-ray measurements were acquired to verify pristine conditions. Next, mechanical testing was done to determine the stiffness tensor and sample density based on standard test procedures. Guided wave measurements were divided into two parts: first, acoustic wave fields were acquired for a broad range of frequencies by three-dimensional scanning laser Doppler vibrometry. Second, structural health monitoring measurements in the carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer plate were collected at constant temperature using a distributed transducer network and a surface-mounted reversible defect model. Initial results serving as validation are presented and discussed.
A sustainable molding process for new rubber products from tire recycling
Authors: Quadrini Fabrizio , Santo Loredana , Musacchi Ettore
Published: December 2018

A new technology has been developed to produce large-size rubber products by molding ground tire rubber (GTR) without using any binder or other substance. GTR is compression molded at high pressure and temperature to achieve an optimal particle adhesion. Large-size tiles (1 m2) with thickness up to 50 mm have been molded without cracks or other damages. In this study, for the first time, energy consumption has been precisely estimated in different phases of the process cycle and discussed together with mechanical performances of molded products. Mechanical tests show that tiles have similar or higher performances than tiles produced by means of conventional processes (i.e. using polyurethane binders). Moreover, the new technology is able to save up to 50% of production costs related to electric energy and raw materials. Further developments are necessary to improve productivity by adding automation and reducing hand working.
Histopathology and Long-Term Outcome of Kidneys Transplanted From Donors With Severe Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Cima Luca , Nacchia Francesco , Ghimenton Claudio , Valotto Giovanni , Boschiero Luigino , Gobbo Stefano , Zaza Gianluigi , Neil Desley , Mescoli Claudia , Vanzo Francesca , D’Errico Antonietta , Ghimenton Caterina , Rugge Massimo , Casartelli-Liviero Marilena , Brunelli Matteo , Novelli Luca , Eccher Albino
Published: December 2018

Background:

Acute kidney injury is a treatable entity although difficult to recognize without diagnostic biopsy. We investigated the potential association between clinically defined deceased donors and acute kidney injury with preimplantation histological findings and recipient outcomes.

Methods:

Kidney biopsies from donors were classified using the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria and assessed for percentage glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and vascular narrowing with the Remuzzi score and for acute tubular necrosis. Differences in incidence rates of delayed graft function (DGF) and cumulative rejection episodes were compared between recipients transplanted with normal and 3 levels of acute kidney injury using the analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction ( P = .0012).

Results:

Sixteen out of 335 donors showed a severe acute kidney injury level 3 with a median serum creatinine of 458 µmol/L. Fourteen (88%) had 0-3 Remuzzi score and were used for single kidney transplantation and 2 (12%) were used for dual kidney transplantation (score: 4-6). Recipients who received a kidney from a donor with level 3 acute kidney injury had a higher percentage of DGF (47%) without statistical significance ( P = .008). The rate of cumulative rejection (45%) at 2 years was not significantly increased ( P = .09).

Conclusions:

Recipients receiving level 3 acute kidney injury kidneys, selected with Remuzzi histopathological score and acute tubular necrosis assessment, had a greater incidence of DGF but a similar long-term cumulative rejection compared to no injury and level 1 and level 2 acute kidney injury donors. The application of the histopathological examination allowed expansion of the kidney donor pool.
Living and Co-constructing Liminal Pathways for Latinx Preservice Teachers
Authors: Huerta Mary Esther Soto
Published: December 2018

Teacher preparation curriculums must consider the increasing multilingual student representation in our schooling systems. In Latin America, the publication of libros cartoneros reveals agentic movements toward democratizing uses of literacy through self-representation and social representation, disrupting power-laden assumptions about literacy. The process of creating libros cartoneros enabled preservice teachers to engage critical literacy practices in previously unthought ways as they flexibly and freely drew from their deep conceptual, cultural, and linguistic knowledge to create books constructed of recycled cardboard. The process constructed liminal, hybrid positions, and understandings within/for/by preservice teachers about what counts as literacy and holds social value.
Association of renal artery stenosis with left ventricular remodeling in patients coexisting with renovascular and coronary artery disease
Authors: Dong Haojian , Ou Yanqiu , Nie Zhiqiang , Huang Wenhui , Liu Yuan , Zhou Yingling , Luo Jianfang , Li Guang
Published: December 2018

Objective

Data about renal artery stenosis association with left ventricular remodeling in patients coexisting with coronary artery disease are scanty.

Methods

Patients with suspected both coronary artery disease and renal artery stenosis undergoing coronary and renal arteriography between October 2013 and December 2015 were prospectively enrolled. Left ventricular remodeling patterns were compared among different severity of renal artery stenosis group. Logistic regression was done to investigate the determinants of the left ventricular morphology.

Results

The overall prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was 40.5%, the highest in bilateral renal artery stenosis group compared to unilateral or normal ones (65.4% versus 41.8% versus 34.8%, p = 0.012). Significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher cystatin C level were found in bilateral renal artery stenosis group than that in other two groups. Multivariate regression analysis showed that bilateral renal artery stenosis was associated with increased left ventricular hypertrophy and concentric hypertrophy with statistical significance (adjusted odds ratio = 2.909 (95%CI: 1.063–7.961), and 3.021 (95%CI: 1.136–8.033)). In addition, estimated glomerular filtration rate level was also related to left ventricular hypertrophy, while there was no significant interaction between renal artery stenosis and coronary artery disease on left ventricular hypertrophy/concentric hypertrophy occurrence.

Conclusions

Bilateral renal artery stenosis is significantly associated with increased left ventricular hypertrophy/concentric hypertrophy in patients with suspected concomitant coronary and renal artery disease, while no synergic effect could be found in coronary artery disease.
Synesthetes perseverate in implicit learning: Evidence from a non-stationary statistical learning task
Authors: Bankieris Kaitlyn R , Qian Ting , Aslin Richard N
Published: December 2018

Synesthetes automatically and consistently experience additional sensory or cognitive perceptions in response to particular environmental stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that the propensity to develop synesthesia is genetic while the particular associations experienced by a given synesthete are influenced by learning. Despite the potential role of implicit learning in the formation of synesthetic associations, there has been minimal investigation of synesthetes’ implicit learning abilities. In this study, we examine linguistic-colour synesthetes’ ability to implicitly learn from and adjust to non-stationary statistics in a domain unrelated to their particular form of synesthesia. Engaging participants in a computer game Whack-the-mole, we utilise the online measure of reaction time to assess the time course of learning. Participants are exposed to “worlds” of probabilities that, unbeknownst to them, undergo unannounced changes, creating unpredictable statistical shifts devoid of accompanying cues. The same small set of probability worlds are repeated throughout the experiment to investigate participants’ ability to retain and learn from this repetitive probabilistic information. The reaction time data provide evidence that synesthetes require more information than nonsynesthetes to benefit from the non-stationary probability distributions. These findings demonstrate that linguistic-colour synesthetes’ implicit learning abilities—in a domain far from their synesthetic experiences—differ from those of nonsynesthetes.
Olfactomedin 4 marks a subset of neutrophils in mice
Authors: Alder Matthew N , Mallela Jaya , Opoka Amy M , Lahni Patrick , Hildeman David A , Wong Hector R
Published: December 2018

Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell of the innate immune system and participate in essential immune functions. Heterogeneity within neutrophils has been documented, but it is difficult to distinguish if these are altered activation states of a single population or separate subpopulations of neutrophils determined at the time of differentiation. Several groups have identified a subset of human neutrophils that express olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) and increased OLFM4+ neutrophils during sepsis is correlated with worse outcome, suggesting these neutrophils or the OLFM4 they secrete may be pathogenic. We tested if mice could be used as a model to study OLFM4+ neutrophils. We found the OLFM4 expressing subset of neutrophils is conserved in mice. Depending on the strain, 7–35% of murine neutrophils express OLFM4 and expression is determined early in neutrophil differentiation. OLFM4+ neutrophils phagocytose and transmigrate with similar efficiency as OLFM4− neutrophils. Here we show that within neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) OLFM4+ and OLFM4− neutrophils undergo NETosis and OLFM4 colocalizes. Finally, we generated an OLFM4 null mouse and show that these mice are protected from death when challenged with sepsis, providing further evidence that the OLFM4 expressing subpopulation of neutrophils, or the OLFM4 they secrete, may be pathogenic during overwhelming infection.
Development of a step counting algorithm using the ambulatory tibia load analysis system for tibia fracture patients
Authors: Lajevardi-Khosh Arad , Tresco Ben , Stuart Ami , Sinclair Sarina , Ackerman Matt , Kubiak Erik , Petelenz Tomasz , Hitchcock Robert
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Ambulation can be used to monitor the healing of lower extremity fractures. However, the ambulatory behavior of tibia fracture patients remains unknown due to an inability to continuously quantify ambulation outside of the clinic. The goal of this study was to design and validate an algorithm to assess ambulation in tibia fracture patients using the ambulatory tibial load analysis system during recovery, outside of the clinic.

Methods

Data were collected from a cyclic tester, 14 healthy volunteers performing a 2-min walk test on the treadmill, and 10 tibia fracture patients who wore the ambulatory tibial load analysis system during recovery.

Results

The algorithm accurately detected 2000/2000 steps from simulated ambulatory data. During the 2-min walk test, step counts derived from the algorithm and treadmill showed a strong correlation (r 2 >0.98) to the visual (“actual”) step count. Applying the algorithm to continuous data from tibia fracture patients revealed qualitative differences in gait between the initial and later stages of recovery. Additionally, a relatively large standard deviation (≤3000 steps) in the daily average step count indicated a variety of patient ambulatory behaviors.

Conclusion

The algorithm reported in this study can assess the ambulatory activity of tibia fracture patients during the recovery period.
Measuring the association between marginalization and multimorbidity in Ontario, Canada: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Moin John Sina , Moineddin Rahim , Upshur Ross Edward Grant
Published: December 2018

There is growing evidence to suggest that multimorbidity is not only a consequence of aging but also other environmental risk factors such as socio-economic status and social marginalization. In this study, the prevalence of multimorbidity was examined (defined as the simultaneous occurrence of two or more chronic morbidities) by age, gender and the Ontario Marginalization index (material deprivation, residential instability, dependency and ethnic concentration). With a cross-sectional design, 2015 data on 18 morbidities from 12,516,587 residents of the province of Ontario, Canada, were analysed. About 82.1% of the population had one or no chronic conditions, 10.3% were multimorbid with two chronic conditions and 7.6% had three or more chronic conditions. The results showed that the prevalence of multimorbidity is noticeably higher in the most deprived areas compared to least deprived for all age groups. Our findings challenge the notion that multimorbidity is primarily driven by aging. Of the 18% of the total population which were multimorbid, 43% of them were under the age of 65. We noted a substantial excess of multimorbidity in younger and middle-aged adults who were most deprived. In some cases, those in the most deprived areas were showing increased cases of multimorbidity nearly 10 years sooner than those who were least deprived. This study shows that environmental factors such as material deprivation and residential instability are correlated with higher prevalence of multimorbidity.
Nonfocal transient neurological attacks in patients with carotid artery occlusion
Authors: Oudeman Eline A , Volkers Eline J , Greving Jacoba P , Klijn Catharina JM , Algra Ale , Kappelle L.Jaap
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Nonfocal transient neurological attacks (TNAs) are episodes with atypical, nonlocalizing cerebral symptoms. We examined the prevalence of nonfocal TNAs, in patients with and without carotid artery occlusion (CAO).

Methods

We included 67 patients with CAO and 62 patients without CAO. In both groups, patients had a history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or nondisabling ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation that had occurred >6 months before inclusion. Patients without CAO did not have ipsilateral or contralateral carotid artery stenosis of ≥50%. All patients were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire on the occurrence of nonfocal TNA symptoms during the preceding six months. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the occurrence of ≥1 and ≥2 different nonfocal TNAs after adjustments for age, sex, systolic blood pressure and time interval between most recent TIA or ischemic stroke and administration of the questionnaire.

Results

Forty-three of all patients (33%) had had one or more nonfocal TNAs in the preceding six months. Nonrotatory dizziness (24%) was reported most often. The prevalence of ≥1 nonfocal TNAs was not significantly different between patients with and without CAO (39% vs. 27%; adjusted RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.83–2.61), but the prevalence of ≥2 or more different nonfocal TNAs was higher in patients with CAO (16% vs. 3%; adjusted RR 4.77, 95% CI 1.20–18.98). In patients with CAO who also had a contralateral carotid or vertebral artery steno-occlusion, nonfocal TNAs occurred more often than in patients without any carotid or vertebral artery steno-occlusion (46% vs. 27%; adjusted RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.08–4.60 for ≥1 and 21% vs. 3%; adjusted RR 8.27, 95% CI 1.83–37.32 for ≥2 nonfocal TNAs).

Conclusions

Patients with CAO more often experienced multiple nonfocal TNAs than patients without CAO.
Opening the bunker: Function, materiality, temporality
Authors: Garrett Bradley , Klinke Ian
Published: December 2018

Recent scholarship has drawn attention to a ubiquitous 20th-century political space that was long overlooked – the bunker. This body of work draws on a variety of theoretical influences and explores multiple historical contexts, yet most remains wedded to the late Paul Virilio’s influential 1970s study of the Nazi Atlantic Wall. Enlightening as his ‘Bunker Archeology’ is, Virilio’s theorization has constrained contemporary debates around the function, materiality and temporality of the bunker. Here, we seek to counter this set of limitations in three ways. First, we contest the idea of the bunker as a simple space of human protection and argue for a more expansive conceptualization that is attentive to the bunker as a site of extermination. Second, we challenge the assumed concrete materiality of the bunker and suggest an expanded typology, utilizing a range of materials and milieux. Finally, we take to task readings of the bunker as an obsolete relic by highlighting the continued construction, re-appropriation and reimagination of this architectural form.
High-risk medications identified from the Danish Patient Safety Database and the challenge of dissemination
Authors: Knudsen Pia , Graversen Lena , Larsen Torsten
Published: December 2018

Since 2004, patient safety incidents in Denmark have been reported to a national patient safety reporting system – the Danish Patient Safety Database. The goal of the system is to improve patient safety. In 2011, a decision was made to develop a national list of high-risk medications based on the medication incidents reported to the Danish Patient Safety Database. The high-risk medications are defined as medications that have been involved in medication errors and have caused harm to patients. The purpose is to identify medications that posed a particular and preventable risk for patients. It became clear through updates that there was a group of medications that caused severe harm to the patients more frequently than others. Based on the list, the Danish Patient Safety Authority in 2015 identified seven groups of medications that require special attention from healthcare staff: antidiabetic medications, anticoagulants, low-dose methotrexate, concentrated potassium, opioids, gentamicin and digoxin. Better handling of these seven types of medication could improve patient safety significantly. For many years, Danish Patient Safety Authority has distributed tables and booklets about these high-risk medications. In addition, ‘patient safety warnings’ are issued when it is considered necessary. In spite of this, many patient safety incidents involving these medications still occur. This points to the fact that disseminating knowledge from a government level all the way to frontline healthcare staff poses a challenge. On that background, Danish Patient Safety Authority is exploring new ways to disseminate knowledge to frontline healthcare staff about patient safety incidents.
Obinutuzumab pretreatment abrogates tumor lysis risk while maintaining undetectable MRD for venetoclax + obinutuzumab in CLL
Authors: Kater Arnon P. , Kersting Sabina , van Norden Yvette , Dubois Julie , Dobber Johan A. , Mellink Clemens H. , Evers Ludo M. , Croon-de Boer Fransien , Schreurs John , van der Spek Ellen , Visser Hein , Idink Cecile , Wittebol Shulamiet , Hoogendoorn Mels , Tonino Sanne H. , Mobasher Mehrdad , Levin Mark-David
Published: December 2018

Early data on venetoclax-containing regimens for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) show promising results with deep remissions, but are hampered by potential risk for tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). Whether optimal duration of venetoclax treatment can be guided by minimal residual disease (MRD) is currently unknown. To study whether TLS risk can be mitigated in an unfit population by introducing preinduction, and whether MRD-guided duration of venetoclax treatment is a feasible and efficacious approach, we performed the Dutch-Belgian Cooperative Trial Group for Hemato-oncology (HOVON) 139/GIVE trial. The study treatment consists of 4 treatment phases: preinduction (2 cycles obinutuzumab), induction I (6 cycles obinutuzumab and venetoclax), induction II (6 cycles venetoclax), and a randomization phase (group A: maintenance with 12 additional cycles of venetoclax irrespective of MRD; group B: MRD guided venetoclax maintenance with a maximum of 12 cycles). Here we report on a planned interim safety analysis as well as preliminary efficacy and MRD data of the first 30 patients enrolled. Downgrading of TLS risk after preinduction occurred in 25 patients: 3 from high to medium, 3 from high to low, and 19 from medium to low risk. No patient remained high risk. From these 30 patients, peripheral blood MRD data were obtained for 28 patients at the end of induction II (6 months after the last obinutuzumab dose), of whom 26 had undetectable MRD levels, and for 18 patients who reached the 3-month after-randomization point, of whom 16 had undetectable MRD levels. Obinutuzumab preinduction is tolerated well in these unfit patients and results in abrogating high TLS risk in all patients. Preliminary data indicate that efficacy is maintained with a high proportion of patients with undetectable MRD levels after combination treatment.
Unraveling inter-species differences in hagfish slime skein deployment
Authors: Bernards Mark A. , Schorno Sarah , McKenzie Evan , Winegard Timothy M. , Oke Isdin , Plachetzki David , Fudge Douglas S.
Published: December 2018

Hagfishes defend themselves from fish predators by producing defensive slime consisting of mucous and thread components that interact synergistically with seawater to pose a suffocation risk to their attackers. Deployment of the slime occurs in a fraction of a second and involves hydration of mucous vesicles as well as unraveling of the coiled threads to their full length of ∼150 mm. Previous work showed that unraveling of coiled threads (or ‘skeins’) in Atlantic hagfish requires vigorous mixing with seawater as well as the presence of mucus, whereas skeins from Pacific hagfish tend to unravel spontaneously in seawater. Here, we explored the mechanisms that underlie these different unraveling modes, and focused on the molecules that make up the skein glue, a material that must be disrupted for unraveling to proceed. We found that Atlantic hagfish skeins are also held together with a protein glue, but compared with Pacific hagfish glue, it is less soluble in seawater. Using SDS-PAGE, we identified several soluble proteins and glycoproteins that are liberated from skeins under conditions that drive unraveling in vitro. Peptides generated by mass spectrometry of five of these proteins and glycoproteins mapped strongly to 14 sequences assembled from Pacific hagfish slime gland transcriptomes, with all but one of these sequences possessing homologs in the Atlantic hagfish. Two of these sequences encode unusual acidic proteins that we propose are the structural glycoproteins that make up the skein glue. These sequences have no known homologs in other species and are likely to be unique to hagfishes. Although the ecological significance of the two modes of skein unraveling described here are unknown, they may reflect differences in predation pressure, with selection for faster skein unraveling in the Eptatretus lineage leading to the evolution of a glue that is more soluble.
Borocarbonitrides, BxCyNz, 2D Nanocomposites with Novel Properties
Authors: Rao C N R , Pramoda K
Published: December 2018

Chemical doping of graphene is necessary to generate a band gap that is valuable for a range of applications. Chemical doping of graphene with elements like nitrogen and boron gives rise to useful properties. In this context, recent studies of borocarbonitrides, BxCyNz, comprising carbon, and the two elements on either side of it, are of significance. While uniformly homogeneous compositions of borocarbonitrides may be hard to generate, there have been efforts to synthesize them by solid state as well as gas phase routes. The products obtained show evidence for the presence of B-C and C-N bonds besides B-N and C-C bonds (but no N-N bonds), and possible occurrence of random BCN networks in addition to graphene and BN domains. Properties of borocarbonitrides depend on the composition, and the method of synthesis, enabling one to traverse from the insulating BN to the conducting graphene. In this account, we present important features of borocarbonitrides including synthesis, characterization, properties and potential applications. Surface oxygen functionalities and amine-groups of borocarbonitrides have been quantitatively determined by the fluorescence labeling of surface species (FLOSS) technique. Typical applications are in gas adsorption and energy devices such as supercapacitors and fuel cells as well as electrochemical sensors. Performance of borocarbonitrides as a HER catalysts is impressive, showing electrochemical activity close to that of Pt. It is possible to covalently link a BCN layer to other 2D nanosheets and the materials obtained by such cross-linking with layers of C3N4, MoS2 and MoSe2 show outstanding HER performance and other useful characteristics. Interestingly, heterostructures of BCN with nanosheets of MoS2 and other 2D materials can be formed reversibly by supramolecular means, which show good visible-light driven photochemical hydrogen evolution activity.