bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technological aspects of the production of lactose-free dairy products
Authors: Grachchenkov Dmitry , Werner Alexey , Chugunova Olga , Zavorokhina Natalia
Published: June 2024

The dietary orientation of the consumer depends on public policy in this area and on the consumer’s knowledge and ability to make choices. The diet includes gluten-free, lactose-free foods and a number of others. This problem is relevant not only for the organization of nutrition for adults, but for children of all ages. The problem of producing an appropriate range of dietary products should be divided into food and catering products. The manufacture of such products should be carried out with the use of modern scientific advances that allow to take into account all the main factors that affect the quality of the products received and determine the functional features. The market analysis showed that lactose-free products are the least represented in terms of quantity. The study solved the problem of expanding the range of lactose-free products, for which two types of serum were used. The serum-containing lactose was enzymatic hydrolysed to create a new product, lactose-free albumin. The liquid enzyme ß-galactosidase of Mayalact® 5000 was used for lactose hydrolysis. The organoleptic characteristic of the raw material, as well as model samples and technological parameters (including the sequence of technological operations) for the production of a new product is presented. The main physico-chemical indicators (dry matter, protein, fat and acidity content) investigated the lactose-free albumin obtained and microbiological safety indicators were determined. Organoleptic indicators of the finished product quality were presented, which were evaluated positively. The resulting product can be widely used in the public catering industry as a lactose-free substitute for curd, which is determined by its properties.
Food processing with an expiring shelf life in Russian retail chains as a popular tool in the global green agenda
Authors: Kovalev Viktor , Antineskul Ekaterina
Published: June 2024

Reducing and recycling expiring food in retail is not only a matter of resource management, but also of creating environmental awareness among consumers. The main task of modern retail trade is to work ahead and maximize the use of goods in the production, without bringing them to the disposal process. Domestic retailers, in their development programs, implement solutions to minimize food waste through discounts, food sharing and other measures. In this article, we focus on the process of processing vegetables and fruit in retail until their expiration dates, as the category of goods leading in terms of the share of waste generation in retail trade. The purpose of the study is to determine the economic efficiency of processing vegetables and fruits in retail depending on the product subcategory and testing hypotheses based on the results obtained. The authors summarized data from foreign studies on the processing of food waste in retail. An analysis of the measures used by federal food retailers in Russia to reduce and recycle products with expiring dates was carried out. The results of an experiment are presented in which the processing of goods in the «fruit and vegetables» category is considered according to data from 55 stores of a regional retail chain for 2019-2022. The structure of processing by product subcategories was studied in terms of turnover and margins. The result of the study made it possible to test hypotheses about the economic efficiency of processing vegetables and fruit in retail, which had not been considered previously in other studies. Measures for processing vegetables and fruit have been tested, aimed at reducing the share of write-offs in the turnover of food retailers. The study made it possible to identify priority subcategories of vegetables and fruit for processing based on economic efficiency.
Honeybees, bumblebees in the processes of competition and migration of pollinators in biocenoses
Authors: Mishin I.N.
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of the study and comparative analysis of changes in biodiversity, the processes of competition and migration of pollinating insects of two closely located biocenoses (Plot 1 and 2) over a long period of observations. Competition processes depended on the initial and current number of pollinators, the availability of biodiversity, entomophilous plants with high and low honey productivity.There were periods of high competition and unstable equilibrium between pollinators (May-July) and stable equilibrium without competition (August).Others replaced some pollinators, in particular solitary bees, on entomophilous plants with lower honey productivity. Thus, there was the division or intersection of ecological niches and the migration of pollinators to worse living conditions with a lower level of competition or its absence. There was a constant division or crossing of ecological niches and the migration of pollinators to worse conditions vital activity, with less or no competition. In the management of agroecosystems, we should take into account the competition between pollinators and their migration. In order to reduce the level of competition, stress conditions of pollinators, and preserve their biodiversity, it is necessary to take measures to provide bumblebees and solitary bees with food resources.
Pro familia Berlin goes TikTok – ein Beispiel für zeitgemäße Sexuelle
Bildung
Authors: Ritter Andreas , Stephan Ringo
Published: June 2024

Seit Winter 2021 betreibt pro familia Berlin einen eigenen TikTok-Kanal (https://www.tiktok.com/@profamilia_berlin). Der
Kanal weist mehr als 60 Videos zu sexualpädagogischen Themen auf. Er hat rund 35 000 Follower*innen sowie
knapp 400 000 Likes gesammelt. Videos über Penislügen und zum Kondomgebrauch sind mit mehreren Millionen
Views viral gegangen. Der vorliegende Praxisbeitrag beschreibt, wie der Kanal entstanden ist. Er
schildert zudem, welche Erfahrungen mit der Content-Produktion und den Publikumsreaktionen gesammelt
werden. Empfehlungen für sexualpädagogische Fachkräfte, die selbst auf TikTok aktiv werden möchten,
werden abgeleitet.
Sexuelle Gesundheit fördern durch eine dialogorientierte Kommunikation auf Social
Media – LIEBESLEBEN als ein Beispiel guter Praxis
Authors: Breuer Johannes , Lulei Verena
Published: June 2024

Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im Bereich der sexuellen Gesundheit profitieren von einer
Kommunikation auf Social Media. Der vorliegende Praxisbeitrag beschreibt daher, wie die Bundeszentrale
für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) ihre komplexe Intervention LIEBESLEBEN (www.liebesleben.de) in Sozialen Medien umsetzt. Dabei wird
konkret die Arbeit mit Instagram anhand der Prävention von Chlamydien sowie dem Schutz vor
Konversionsbehandlungen erläutert. LIEBESLEBEN dient der Förderung sexueller Gesundheit sowie der
Prävention von HIV und anderen sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen und soll zur Sprachfähigkeit über
Sexualität befähigen sowie die (Selbst-)Akzeptanz geschlechtlicher und sexueller Vielfalt fördern.
Perspectives on policing education and careers: insights from undergraduate students of China’s police academies
Authors: Wang Jianxin , Jiang Feng , Fang Xin
Published: June 2024

This study delves into the perspectives of Chinese police academy undergraduate students concerning their education and career paths within police academies. Employing a qualitative research design, in-depth interviews were conducted with undergraduate students from a leading police academy in China. The focus of the interviews centered on unraveling the cognitive transitions experienced by undergraduate students during their academy tenure, encompassing their perceptions of the police community and adherence to rigorous police discipline. The analysis revealed a profound transformation in undergraduate students, evolving from high-school graduates into aspiring law enforcement officers, manifesting in both behavioral and psychological dimensions. Undergraduate students developed a strong sense of identity with the police community and embraced the principles of police discipline, aligning themselves closely with these foundational concepts. Notably, robust collectivism was observed among undergraduate students. While showcasing a high level of enthusiasm for academic pursuits, concerns regarding potential challenges in their future policing roles were also articulated. This exploration establishes connections with the Social Cognitive Career Theory, shedding light on the dynamic cognitive processes and identity development experienced by police academy undergraduate students as they navigate their educational and career trajectories.
Droplet microlasers: From fundamentals to multifunctional applications
Authors: Qiao Zhen , Sun Handong , Chen Yu-Cheng
Published: June 2024

Droplet microlasers are micro-scale lasers that utilize liquid droplets to construct optical resonators. Due to their notable attributes of flexibility, tunability, and reconfigurability, droplet microlasers exhibit great potential for developing integrated laser devices and applications in multi-dimensional sensing. In the past decade, substantial advancements have been made in both fundamental research and forefront applications of droplet microlasers. These advancements encompass novel lasing mechanisms, the development of full-color laser displays, applications in biological sensing, and the integration into detection systems. Motivated by the remarkable capabilities and pivotal strides, this review article aims to provide a lucid and comprehensive overview of the field of droplet microlasers. First, fundamental mechanisms inherent in droplet microlasers are illustrated, including the oscillation and wavelength-tuning mechanisms. Subsequently, the primary materials utilized for the fabrication of droplet microlasers are introduced. The review then encapsulates a summary of the diverse and multifunctional applications that droplet microlasers can undertake. Finally, the article concludes by deliberating on the future perspectives of droplet microlasers.
A high-efficiency room-temperature surface wave plasma jet based on a rectangular waveguide
Authors: Huang Yuantao , Yang Yong , Peng Renyu , Han Dongxue , Luo Wenqin , Zhu Huacheng , Wu Li , Tian Wenyan , Zhang Wencong
Published: June 2024

Microwave plasma jets have garnered significant attention due to their unique advantages and wide applications in numerous fields. However, the frequent collisions between electrons and neutral particles at atmospheric pressure make it challenging to generate a room-temperature plasma jet and maintain a high energy efficiency at the same time. This paper introduces a new microwave plasma jet based on a rectangular waveguide, which utilizes the surface wave propagating along the plasma jet to sustain the gas discharge. It features a simple structure, low power consumption, high energy efficiency, and strong controllability without the need for any external tuning measures. The minimum power required to ignite and stably maintain the plasma jet at atmospheric pressure is as low as 25 W and the measured lowest gas temperature at the plasma jet tail is approximately 295 K. Meanwhile, experiments show the microwave energy efficiency can be higher than 90% in a large range of input powers and gas inflow rates, while the gas temperature is maintained close to room temperature. These characteristics of our proposed surface wave plasma jet demonstrate tremendous potential in fields such as hemostasis, sterilization, wastewater treatment, semiconductor cleaning, and material processing.
Enhanced microwave and far IR absorption of nanometer thin conductive films in the case of total internal reflection
Authors: Orlenson V. B. , Volvach A. E.
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a numerical analysis, using the rigorous-coupled-wave-analysis method, of microwave and far-IR radiation scattering on thin conductive films of nanometer thickness under the condition of total internal reflection. Transmittance, reflection, and absorption studies have shown the possibility of overcoming the 50% absorption limit with frequency-independent behavior; the absorption above the critical angle reaches values greater than 90%. In addition, the influence of such thin metal-dielectric structure on the Goos–Hänchen shift is considered. At maximum absorption, calculations showed its absence in both TE and TM polarizations. The numerical analysis was carried out for a plane wave and for a 500 cm diameter beam.
Exploring palliative care practice and learning needs of allied health professionals in the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rodda Lucy , Barrett Stephen
Published: June 2024

Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine the roles and needs of allied health professionals (AHPs) working in public healthcare settings in rural and regional Victoria, Australia in providing components of palliative care in their routine practice. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2023. Surveys were collected from AHPs working in public healthcare settings in the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria, Australia. Clinicians reported on the frequency of provision of care to patients with terminal illness, and their self-reported skill and confidence in providing interventions to patients with palliative care needs. Results In total, 121 clinicians completed the survey. Almost every respondent reported they had provided care to patients with a terminal illness, with 41% of clinicians providing this care daily or weekly. The respondents were confident carrying out generalist interventions such as maintaining physical function but reported lower confidence in managing common symptoms of terminal illness such as loss of appetite, swallowing difficulties and changing communication needs. Two-thirds of respondents had not undertaken any training specific to palliative care, with many unaware of how to access palliative care-specific training. Conclusion AHPs in rural and remote areas regularly provide care to patients with terminal illness. As the number of patients seen in non-specialist palliative care settings is likely to increase in rural and regional areas, the low self-reported confidence in providing common components of care, and the low uptake of palliative care-specific training must be addressed to ensure AHPs can provide high-quality care to people with terminal illness.
N,N-Dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMFDMA): from derivatisation to C1 synthon
Authors: Araujo Natalie Ferreira , Ferreira Sabrina Baptista
Published: June 2024

N,N-Dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMFDMA), also called 1,1-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethanamine, is a colorless liquid with rancid odour. The chemical structure of DMFDMA presents two important sites, a partially positive carbon that acts as an electrophile in condensation reactions and a partially negative nitrogen that acts as a nucleophile. Because of its structure, DMFDMA reacts with many different organic groups and can be a versatile reagent used in gas chromatography, as a protecting group and as a C1 synthon, especially in the construction of heterocycles.
Different levels of co-construction in dialogue
Authors: Létourneau Alain
Published: June 2024

A completed research-action project on Climate change adaptation at the regional level (Memphremagog, Québec,
Canada) is revisited here, which requires first to briefly recall what is the CCA program, and the project’s context, goals, and
characteristics. The aim of the paper is to clarify issues of co-construction in dialogue, implementing a way to analytically
distinguish phases of co-construction at the level of the research team’s effort along the project, by following important
dialogue episodes. Stemming out of this dialogue analysis, another contribution of this work is to propose a better picture of the
internal relationship between three important components of the normative dimension of such projects: pursued values, processual
values, and the prescriptions that were required to actualize these values.
Traffic on the TLR expressway
Authors: Taft Justin , Bogunovic Dusan
Published: June 2024

Genetic variation in UNC93B1, a key component in TLR trafficking, can lead to autoinflammation caused by increased TLR activity. Analysis of seven patient variants combined with a comprehensive alanine screen revealed that different regions of UNC93B1 selectively regulate different TLRs (Rael et al. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20232005; David et al. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20232066).
Nonlinear Multimodal Interference as Ultrafast Photonic Device for Dual-Wavelength Domain-Wall Dark Pulse Generation
Authors: Wang 王 Shan 珊 , Song 宋 Bo-Le 博乐 , Dou 窦 Xin-He 鑫河 , Qiao 乔 Fei-Hong 飞鸿 , Li 李 Xiang 响 , Wang 王 Jin-Bo 锦波 , Lv 吕 Zhi-Guo 志国
Published: June 2024

In comparison to bright pulses, better stability that is not susceptible to loss makes dark pulses accessible for applications in such fields as signal processing, optics sensing, and quantum communication. Here we investigate the dual-wavelength domain-wall dark pulse generation in a graded-index multimode fiber (GIMF) based anomalous dispersion single-mode fiber (SMF) laser. By optimizing intra-cavity nonlinearity and pulse polarization, the mode-locked states can evolve each other between bright pulses, dark pulses, and bright-dark pulse pairs. The evolution mechanism among them may be relevant to the coherent mode superposition, spectral filtering, and mode selection in SMF-GIMF-SMF hybrid-fiber modulation devices that affect the pulse formation and evolution in temporal, frequency, and space domains. These results provide a valuable reference for promoting further development of nonlinear optics and ultrafast optics, in which ultrafast photonic devices, with low cost, simple manufacture as well as wide adaptability, as novel pulsed generation technique, play a vital role.
Enhancing traditional grading in introductory physics courses
Authors: Kanchanapusakit Wittaya , Tanalikhit Pattarapon
Published: June 2024

The evaluation in introductory physics courses follows a traditional approach where a letter grade, determined by the total score, is assigned to represent the student’s overall performance. To enhance the meaningfulness of these grades, we supplement them with individual thinking proficiency profiles for each student. These profiles are derived from subscores attributed to particular exam questions, organized by the corresponding thinking skills. We report the average thinking proficiency profiles of all students and compare the average profiles among students from different grade groups. The objective is to aid instructors in identifying areas that may require improvement in the learning process.
Designing edge states from fractional polarization insulators
Authors: Chan Wei Jie , Fu Pei-Hao , Ang L K , Ang Yee Sin
Published: June 2024

We theoretically investigated disconnected dispersive edge states in an anisotropic honeycomb lattice without chiral symmetry. When both mirror and chiral symmetries are present, this system is defined by a topological quantity known as fractional polarization (FP) term and exhibits a bulk band gap, classifying it as an FP insulator. While the FP insulator accommodates robust, flat topological edge states (TES), it also offers the potential to engineer these edge states by deliberately disrupting a critical symmetry that safeguards the underlying topology. These symmetry-breaking terms allow the edge states to become dispersive and generate differing configurations along the open boundaries. Furthermore, disconnected helical-like and chiral-like edge states analogous to TES seen in quantum spin and anomalous hall effect are achieved by the finite size effect, not possible from the symmetry-breaking terms alone. The demonstration of manipulating these edge states from a FP insulator can open up new avenues in constructing devices that utilize topological domain walls.
Insights into the compositional and temperature-mediated magnetic characteristics of chromium-doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Rizwana Begum S , Anitha A G , Thirumurugan Arun , Chidhambaram N
Published: June 2024

This study explores the influence of chromium content and temperature on the magnetic characteristics of ZnO synthesized via the cost-effective coprecipitation approach. The host ZnO structure is not significantly changed by chromium doping, even at 5 wt.% of chromium concentration, according to x-ray diffraction studies. The Zn–O characteristic stretching vibration band at 480 cm−1 and the other functional group attached to the Cr-doped ZnO nanoparticles are confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis shows the interaction between chromium ions and ZnO causes bandgap narrowing, and the observed optical bandgap values fall as chromium content increases in the host ZnO matrix. Point defects such as zinc interstitial, zinc vacancy, and oxygen vacancy that exist in the Cr-doped ZnO nanoparticles are inveterate through photoluminescence spectroscopy. Vibrating sample magnetometry investigations reveal weak ferromagnetic behavior at low applied fields and diamagnetic signatures dominating at high applied fields in the Cr-doped ZnO nanoparticles at 300 K. The magnetic characteristics are also tunable in terms of temperatures, which opens new avenues for fabricating dilute magnetic semiconductors with various applications.
Predicting long-term trends in physical properties from short-term molecular dynamics simulations using long short-term memory
Authors: Noda Kota , Shibuta Yasushi
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a novel long short-term memory (LSTM)-based model for predicting future physical properties based on partial data of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. It extracts latent vectors from atomic coordinates of MD simulations using graph convolutional network, utilizes LSTM to learn temporal trends in latent vectors and make one-step-ahead predictions of physical properties through fully connected layers. Validating with MD simulations of Ni solid-liquid systems, the model achieved accurate one-step-ahead prediction for time variation of the potential energy during solidification and melting processes using residual connections. Recursive use of predicted values enabled long-term prediction from just the first 20 snapshots of the MD simulation. The prediction has captured the feature of potential energy bending at low temperatures, which represents completion of solidification, despite that the MD data in short time do not have such a bending characteristic. Remarkably, for long-time prediction over 900 ps, the computation time was reduced to 1/700th of a full MD simulation of the same duration. This approach has shown the potential to significantly reduce computational cost for prediction of physical properties by efficiently utilizing the data of MD simulation.
Accurately identifying the defects of bubbles and foreign objects under the protective films of electric vehicle batteries by using 3D point clouds
Authors: Wu Bingjie , Bai Yi , Lv Kun , Zhang Geyou , Liu Kai
Published: June 2024

For the defects of bubbles and foreign objects under the protective film of electric vehicle batteries, it is difficult to accurately identify them over traditional 2D optical images. In this paper, we first propose a supervoxel-based region growing algorithm for pre-segmentation of point clouds. Secondly, we utilize radial basis function interpolation and threshold segmentation methods to accurately segment defect point clouds from the entire point cloud. Finally, we develop a feature descriptor and combine it with support vector machine to classify bubbles and foreign objects under the film. This paper achieves the identification of bubbles and foreign objects under the film through two steps: point cloud segmentation and point cloud classification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed point cloud segmentation method exhibits high robustness to noise and the intrinsic curvature of the workpiece. Additionally, in the classification scenario presented in this paper, the proposed feature descriptor outperforms classical feature descriptors. Compared to image-based deep learning methods, the defect recognition algorithm proposed in this paper has clear principles and superior performance, with precision and recall of 95.63% and 96.95%, and an intersection over union metric of 0.926.
Size-dependent mechanical analysis of porous functionally graded piezoelectric micro/nanoscale structures: a literature review
Authors: Zheng Shijie , Zhang Nan , Zhao Xie , Chen Dejin , Wang Hongtao
Published: June 2024

Recent advancements in fabrication techniques, such as the development of powder metallurgy, have made it possible to tailor the mechanical properties of functionally gradient piezoelectric (FGP) micro/nanostructures. This class of structures can be used to improve the performance of many micro/nanoelectromechanical systems because of their spatially varying mechanical and electrical properties. The importance of FGP micro/nanoscale structures has been demonstrated by the growing number of published works on their size-dependent mechanical characteristics, including their static bending, buckling, vibration, energy harvesters and wave propagation using scale-dependent continuum-based models. Reviewing recent developments in the field of non-classical continuum mechanics, this paper examines the size-dependent mechanical analysis of porous FGP micro/ nanostructures. Five sophisticated theories of piezoelectricity—modified couple stress, strain gradient, surface effect, as well as nonlocal and nonlocal strain gradient theory, for example—are given special consideration in light of their potential to forecast unusual mechanical performance and wave characteristics in porous FGP micro/nanostructures and devices. In the future, porous FGP micro/nanostructures with multi-field couplings may be studied or designed, and this article may be a helpful resource.
Flux pinning dynamics in optimally proton irradiated REBCO coated conductors
Authors: A Soman Arya , Wimbush Stuart C , Long Nicholas J , Rupich Martin W , Leveneur Jerome , Kennedy John , Strickland Nicholas M
Published: June 2024

Particle irradiation offers a route to incorporating additional flux pinning centres in high-temperature superconducting wires with minimal disruption to the pre-existing defect landscape, thereby further enhancing the critical current in a controllable fashion. This work is a comprehensive study of the fluence-dependence of proton irradiation using protons of two energies, 2.5 and 1.2 MeV, in enhancing the critical current performance in commercially available (Y,Dy)Ba2Cu3O7−δ coated conductors. A sequence of fluences covering the range from 1 × 1015 to 5 × 1016 protons cm−2 was used in the irradiation process to study the flux pinning in this material. The resulting samples were characterized using field angle-dependent transport critical current measurements over a range of temperatures from 20 K to 77.5 K and magnetic fields up to 8 T, thus covering the wide range of operating conditions. Optimisation of fluence for highest performance at each energy resulted in a similar level of isotropic critical current enhancement, a factor 2.6 improvement at 20 K and 8 T, but with a significant difference in the optimised fluence in each case. The lower energy 1.2 MeV protons produce this enhancement at a three-fold lower fluence compared to 2.5 MeV protons, a result of their higher electronic energy loss. The different samples are analysed within the framework of the maximum entropy model, helping to understand the vortex dynamics before and after irradiation.
Non-iterative 3D computer-generated hologram based on single full-support optimized random phase and phase compensation
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Han Peng , Shi Jisen , Zhou Hao , Zhang Quanbing , Cheng Hong , Shen Chuan , Zhang Fen , Han Chao , Wei Sui
Published: June 2024

The main problem faced by traditional three-dimensional (3D) holographic displays is the time-consuming and poor flexibility of the hologram generation process. To address this issue, this paper proposes a non-iterative 3D computer-generated hologram (SFS-ORAP-PC-3D) method based on single full-support optimized random phase and phase compensation. Combining the full-support optimized random phase (FS-ORAP) method and the 3D layer-based idea to efficiently and non-iteratively generate the phase-only hologram of a 3D object with arbitrary positions and sizes using single FS-ORAP, thus overcoming the limitations of the original ORAP method in target position and size. Meanwhile, using a Fresnel lens for phase compensation allows for free selection of reconstruction planes. Numerical and optical experiments validate the feasibility of our proposed method.
On a refined local converse theorem for 𝑆𝑂(4)
Authors: Yan Pan , Zhang Qing
Published: June 2024

Recently, Hazeltine-Liu, and independently Haan-Kim-Kwon, proved a local converse theorem for

SO

2
n

⁡
(
F
)

\operatorname {SO}_{2n}(F)

over a

p
p

-adic field

F
F

, which says that, up to an outer automorphism of

SO

2
n

⁡
(
F
)

\operatorname {SO}_{2n}(F)

, an irreducible generic representation of

SO

2
n

⁡
(
F
)

\operatorname {SO}_{2n}(F)

is uniquely determined by its twisted gamma factors by generic representations of

GL
k

⁡
(
F
)

\operatorname {GL}_k(F)

for

k
=
1
,
…
,
n

k=1,\dots ,n

. It is desirable to remove the “up to an outer automorphism” part in the above theorem using more twisted gamma factors, but this seems a hard problem. In this paper, we provide a solution to this problem for the group

SO
4

⁡
(
F
)

\operatorname {SO}_4(F)

, namely, we show that a generic supercuspidal representation

π
\pi

of

SO
4

⁡
(
F
)

\operatorname {SO}_4(F)

is uniquely determined by its

GL
1

\operatorname {GL}_1

,

GL
2

\operatorname {GL}_2

twisted local gamma factors and a twisted exterior square local gamma factor of

π
\pi

.
Chivalry Without Women
Authors: Thal Sarah
Published: June 2024

An American world history text—read, interpreted, and used in entirely unintended contexts—shaped what we now see as a quintessentially Japanese concept: the way of the samurai (bushidō). William Swinton’s 1874 textbook, Outlines of the World’s History, was widely read in Japan both in the original and in translation. Proponents of the new and evolving idea of bushidō in the 1890s found Swinton’s chapter on European chivalry particularly useful, adopting his logic to assert the existence of a way of the samurai, akin to European chivalry, as the basis of Japan’s civilized national character, while defining that way as fundamentally opposed to the immoral “woman worship” of the West. In sum, Swinton’s textbook fueled a backlash in 1890s Japan that would give rise to a conception of chivalry without women: a purportedly native way of the samurai, inherently male supremacist, thought to constitute Japan’s national spirit, with a mission to civilize Japan and, for some proponents, the world.
Lower Eyelid Position Changes Following Müller’s Muscle-Conjunctival Resection Blepharoptosis Surgery
Authors: Ghahvehchian Hossein , Rafizadeh Seyed Mohsen , Aghajani Amirhossein , Karami Khamaan Hosna , Zare Hosseinabadi Vahid , Rajabi Mohammad Taher
Published: June 2024

Background

Asymmetry of the lower eyelids and a lower position of the lower eyelid on the ptotic side are common issues in patients with upper lid ptosis. Understanding the relationship between upper lid ptosis correction and lower eyelid position will facilitate better treatment strategies for ptosis.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the lower eyelid position before and after Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) in unilateral myogenic ptosis (MP) and aponeurotic ptosis (AP).

Methods

This prospective interventional before-and-after study included adults with blepharoptosis. Measurements were taken before and 6 months after the surgery.

Results

A total of 47 patients were included, with 29 having MP and 18 having AP. The mean [standard deviation] ages were 31.55 [5.30] years and 50.11 [6.45] years, respectively. In the MP group, there was a significant association between baseline margin reflex distance 2 (MRD2) and the severity of ptosis (MRD1) (β = −0.739, P = .004, multivariate regression analysis). After MMCR, significant decreases were observed in MRD2 for both the MP (−0.38 [0.48] mm, P < .001) and AP (−0.39 [0.47] mm, P = .003) groups. The symmetry of MRD2 remained stable at 41.4% in the MP group, while it decreased from 44.4% to 16.7% in the AP group. The baseline MRD2 was the only factor associated with postoperative MRD2 in the MP group.

Conclusions

Patients with MP and AP often exhibit a lower position of the lower eyelid, which typically elevates after posterior upper lid ptosis surgery. In myogenic cases, the severity of preoperative lower eyelid position correlates with the severity of upper lid ptosis and predicts postoperative elevation of the lower lid.

Level of Evidence: 3
The microgeo: an R package rapidly displays the biogeography of soil microbial community traits on maps
Authors: Li Chaonan , Liu Chi , Li Hankang , Liao Haijun , Xu Lin , Yao Minjie , Li Xiangzhen
Published: June 2024

Many R packages provide statistical approaches for elucidating the diversity of soil microbes, yet they still struggle to visualize microbial traits on a geographical map. This creates challenges in interpreting microbial biogeography on a regional scale, especially when the spatial scale is large or the distribution of sampling sites is uneven. Here, we developed a lightweight, flexible, and user-friendly R package called microgeo. This package integrates many functions involved in reading, manipulating, and visualizing geographical boundary data; downloading spatial datasets; and calculating microbial traits and rendering them onto a geographical map using grid-based visualization, spatial interpolation, or machine learning. Using this R package, users can visualize any trait calculated by microgeo or other tools on a map and can analyze microbiome data in conjunction with metadata derived from a geographical map. In contrast to other R packages that statistically analyze microbiome data, microgeo provides more-intuitive approaches in illustrating the biogeography of soil microbes on a large geographical scale, serving as an important supplement to statistically driven comparisons and facilitating the biogeographic analysis of publicly accessible microbiome data at a large spatial scale in a more convenient and efficient manner. The microgeo R package can be installed from the Gitee (https://gitee.com/bioape/microgeo) and GitHub (https://github.com/ChaonanLi/microgeo) repositories. Detailed tutorials for the microgeo R package are available at https://chaonanli.github.io/microgeo.
Effects of sample storage temperature and duration on the detection of foliar endophytes of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) in summer and winter
Authors: Win Phyu Mar , Matsushita Norihisa , Fukuda Kenji
Published: June 2024

Seasonal changes in the diversity of tea plant endophytic fungi and the effects of sample storage conditions on detection were analyzed. Tea leaves were collected from the Saitama Tea Research Institute in Japan during winter (January 2020) and summer (August 2020). The effects of storage temperature (5, 10, 20, 25, and 30°C) and durations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days) on endophytic fungal diversity and community structure were investigated. In summer, storage period and temperature did not affect the fungal colonization rate, frequency, and composition. In winter, storage temperature and period significantly affected the endophytic community structure. Fungal diversity was higher in winter than in summer. Positive relationships between diversity index and storage temperature and period were observed in winter, whereas the opposite trend was observed in summer. Our findings provide insight into the ecology of foliar endophytes of tea plants and the importance of proper sample collection and storage for microbiome studies.
Impacts of sample handling and storage conditions on archiving physiologically active soil microbial communities
Authors: Brock Marcus T , Morrison Hilary G , Maignien Loïs , Weinig Cynthia
Published: June 2024

Soil microbial communities are fundamental to ecosystem processes and plant growth, yet community composition is seasonally and successionally dynamic, which interferes with long-term iterative experimentation of plant–microbe interactions. We explore how soil sample handling (e.g. filtering) and sample storage conditions impact the ability to revive the original, physiologically active, soil microbial community. We obtained soil from agricultural fields in Montana and Oklahoma, USA and samples were sieved to 2 mm or filtered to 45 µm. Sieved and filtered soil samples were archived at −20°C or −80°C for 50 days and revived for 2 or 7 days. We extracted DNA and the more transient RNA pools from control and treatment samples and characterized microbial communities using 16S amplicon sequencing. Filtration and storage treatments significantly altered soil microbial communities, impacting both species richness and community composition. Storing sieved soil at −20°C did not alter species richness and resulted in the least disruption to the microbial community composition in comparison to nonarchived controls as characterized by RNA pools from soils of both sites. Filtration significantly altered composition but not species richness. Archiving sieved soil at −20°C could allow for long-term and repeated experimentation on preserved physiologically active microbial communities.
LRTK: a platform agnostic toolkit for linked-read analysis of both human genome and metagenome
Authors: Yang Chao , Zhang Zhenmiao , Huang Yufen , Xie Xuefeng , Liao Herui , Xiao Jin , Veldsman Werner Pieter , Yin Kejing , Fang Xiaodong , Zhang Lu
Published: June 2024

Background

Linked-read sequencing technologies generate high-base quality short reads that contain extrapolative information on long-range DNA connectedness. These advantages of linked-read technologies are well known and have been demonstrated in many human genomic and metagenomic studies. However, existing linked-read analysis pipelines (e.g., Long Ranger) were primarily developed to process sequencing data from the human genome and are not suited for analyzing metagenomic sequencing data. Moreover, linked-read analysis pipelines are typically limited to 1 specific sequencing platform.

Findings

To address these limitations, we present the Linked-Read ToolKit (LRTK), a unified and versatile toolkit for platform agnostic processing of linked-read sequencing data from both human genome and metagenome. LRTK provides functions to perform linked-read simulation, barcode sequencing error correction, barcode-aware read alignment and metagenome assembly, reconstruction of long DNA fragments, taxonomic classification and quantification, and barcode-assisted genomic variant calling and phasing. LRTK has the ability to process multiple samples automatically and provides users with the option to generate reproducible reports during processing of raw sequencing data and at multiple checkpoints throughout downstream analysis. We applied LRTK on linked reads from simulation, mock community, and real datasets for both human genome and metagenome. We showcased LRTK’s ability to generate comparative performance results from preceding benchmark studies and to report these results in publication-ready HTML document plots.

Conclusions

LRTK provides comprehensive and flexible modules along with an easy-to-use Python-based workflow for processing linked-read sequencing datasets, thereby filling the current gap in the field caused by platform-centric genome-specific linked-read data analysis tools.
Exploring the role of polymorphic interspecies structural variants in reproductive isolation and adaptive divergence in Eucalyptus
Authors: Ferguson Scott , Jones Ashley , Murray Kevin , Andrew Rose L , Schwessinger Benjamin , Bothwell Helen , Borevitz Justin
Published: June 2024

Structural variations (SVs) play a significant role in speciation and adaptation in many species, yet few studies have explored the prevalence and impact of different categories of SVs. We conducted a comparative analysis of long-read assembled reference genomes of closely related Eucalyptus species to identify candidate SVs potentially influencing speciation and adaptation. Interspecies SVs can be either fixed differences or polymorphic in one or both species. To describe SV patterns, we employed short-read whole-genome sequencing on over 600 individuals of Eucalyptus melliodora and Eucalyptus sideroxylon, along with recent high-quality genome assemblies. We aligned reads and genotyped interspecies SVs predicted between species reference genomes. Our results revealed that 49,756 of 58,025 and 39,536 of 47,064 interspecies SVs could be typed with short reads in E. melliodora and E. sideroxylon, respectively. Focusing on inversions and translocations, symmetric SVs that are readily genotyped within both populations, 24 were found to be structural divergences, 2,623 structural polymorphisms, and 928 shared structural polymorphisms. We assessed the functional significance of fixed interspecies SVs by examining differences in estimated recombination rates and genetic differentiation between species, revealing a complex history of natural selection. Shared structural polymorphisms displayed enrichment of potentially adaptive genes. Understanding how different classes of genetic mutations contribute to genetic diversity and reproductive barriers is essential for understanding how organisms enhance fitness, adapt to changing environments, and diversify. Our findings reveal the prevalence of interspecies SVs and elucidate their role in genetic differentiation, adaptive evolution, and species divergence within and between populations.
Computation and analysis of surface wave dispersion and attenuation in layered viscoelastic-vertical transversely isotropic media by the generalized R/T coefficient method
Authors: Yuan Shichuan , Pan Lei , Shi Caiwang , Song Xianhai , Chen Xiaofei
Published: June 2024

In this study, we propose a systematic and effective method, that is, an extended version of the generalized reflection/transmission (R/T) coefficient method, for computing the phase-velocity (${c}_r$) dispersion curves, attenuation coefficient ($\alpha $) curves, and eigenfunctions of both Rayleigh and Love waves as well as the ellipticity of Rayleigh waves in layered viscoelastic-vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media. The numerical scheme of combining the root-searching method with the local optimization method is designed for determining the complex-valued modal solutions (i.e. complex wavenumber $k = {\omega {/ {\vphantom {\omega {{c}_r - i\alpha }}}} {{c}_r - i\alpha }}$) of surface waves. The near-surface sedimentary geological environment is taken as the model example because it is typical viscoelastic-VTI media. Besides the anisotropic-viscoelastic (AV) media, our algorithm can also compute surface waves in isotropic-elastic (IE), isotropic-viscoelastic (IV) and anisotropic-elastic (AE) media by resetting the corresponding parameters. Using the six-layer half-space models and in these four media, we verify the correctness of our algorithm by benchmarking the modal solutions against those from other methods. In the four-layer half-space model, by comparing the results of IE, IV, AE and AV media, we analyse the effects of velocity anisotropy, viscoelasticity and attenuation anisotropy on the dispersion and attenuation characteristics of both Rayleigh and Love waves in detail. Our study can provide a theoretical basis and useful tool for surface wave imaging considering the anisotropy and/or viscoelasticity of the medium, which has the potential to better investigate the solid Earth's internal structure.
Morphisms of Character Varieties
Authors: Cotner Sean
Published: June 2024

Let $k$ be a field, let $H \subset G$ be (possibly disconnected) reductive groups over $k$, and let $\Gamma $ be a finitely generated group. Vinberg and Martin have shown that the induced morphism $\underline{\operatorname{Hom}}_{k\textrm{-gp}}(\Gamma , H)//H \to \underline{\operatorname{Hom}}_{k\textrm{-gp}}(\Gamma , G)//G$ is finite. In this note, we generalize this result (with a significantly different proof) by replacing $k$ with an arbitrary locally Noetherian scheme, answering a question of Dat. Along the way, we use Bruhat–Tits theory to establish a few apparently new results about integral models of reductive groups over discrete valuation rings.
Modelling suggests Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in oak gall wasps with cyclical parthenogenesis
Authors: Taprogge Melanie , Grath Sonja
Published: June 2024

Oak gall wasps typically exhibit a life cycle with one sexual and one asexual generation each year. These wasps can carry various endosymbionts, one of which is the maternally inherited bacterium Wolbachia that can induce several reproductive manipulations on its host. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) has been described as the most prominent of these manipulations. CI leads to embryonic mortality in the hosts’ offspring when infected males mate with either uninfected females or with females that harbour different Wolbachia strains. It has been hypothesized that Wolbachia can induce CI in oak gall wasps. To address this hypothesis, we derived a mathematical model to investigate the spread of a bacterial infection in naive populations and to determine the plausibility of CI occurrence. To validate our model, we used published data from Wolbachia-infected Belonocnema kinseyi populations in two approaches. Our first approach uses measurements of infection frequencies and maternal transmission in the sexual generation. For the second approach, we extended the model to compare predictions to estimates of mtDNA-haplotypes, which, like Wolbachia, are maternally inherited, and can therefore be associated with the infection. Both approaches indicate that CI is present in these populations. Our model can be generalized to investigate the occurrence of CI not only for oak gall wasps but also for other species.