bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Obesity Among Young US Children Living in Low-Income Families, 2008–2011
Authors: Pan Liping , May Ashleigh L. , Wethington Holly , Dalenius Karen , Grummer-Strawn Laurence M.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the incidence and reverse of obesity among young low-income children and variations across population subgroups.

METHODS:

We included 1.2 million participants in federally funded child health and nutrition programs who were 0 to 23 months old in 2008 and were followed up 24 to 35 months later in 2010–2011. Weight and height were measured. Obesity at baseline was defined as gender-specific weight-for-length ≥95th percentile on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Obesity at follow-up was defined as gender-specific BMI-for-age ≥95th percentile. We used a multivariable log-binomial model to estimate relative risk of obesity adjusting for gender, baseline age, race/ethnicity, duration of follow-up, and baseline weight-for-length percentile.

RESULTS:

The incidence of obesity was 11.0% after the follow-up period. The incidence was significantly higher among boys versus girls and higher among children aged 0 to 11 months at baseline versus those older. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, the risk of obesity was 35% higher among Hispanics and 49% higher among American Indians (AIs)/Alaska Natives (ANs), but 8% lower among non-Hispanic African Americans. Among children who were obese at baseline, 36.5% remained obese and 63.5% were nonobese at follow-up. The proportion of reversing of obesity was significantly lower among Hispanics and AIs/ANs than that among other racial/ethnic groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The high incidence underscores the importance of early-life obesity prevention in multiple settings for low-income children and their families. The variations within population subgroups suggest that culturally appropriate intervention efforts should be focused on Hispanics and AIs/ANs.
The use of medications by elderly men with polypharmacy: representations and practices
Authors: Arruda Guilherme Oliveira de , Lima Silvia Cristina da Silva , Renovato Rogério Dias
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVES: this study aimed to investigate and understand the use of medications by elderly men, their representations and the subsequent practices. METHODS: this is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, in which there participated 17 elderly men, with polypharmacy, and assisted under the Family Health Strategy in the Municipality of Dourados in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). RESULTS: the results show that most of the medications are used for treating cardiovascular disorders. The elderly men develop strategies considering the prescription of these, adapting in line with their own perceptions and meanings. From these tactics emerge representations on youth and old age, in which old age is associated with illness. In addition, practices were observed which sought to associate the use of medications with medicinal plants, re-signifying the process of being ill. Different perspectives of masculinity permeate the use of medications, sometimes reinforcing hegemonic conceptions, and sometimes revealing alternate models of masculinity. The woman is present in the care with the use of the medications. CONCLUSIONS: in this context, the health team, above all that of nursing, must assist the elderly man in his practices of medication, taking into account his representations, his protagonism, and the role of the woman as a support in the care.
Bathing birds bias β‐diversity: Frequent dispersal by gulls homogenizes fauna in a rock‐pool metacommunity
Authors: Simonis Juniper L. , Ellis Julie C.
Published: November 2013

Metacommunity theory generally predicts that regional dispersal of organisms among local habitat patches should influence spatial patterns of species diversity. In particular, increased dispersal rates are generally expected to increase local (α) diversity, yet homogenize local communities across the region (decreasing β‐diversity), resulting in no change in regional (γ) diversity. Although the effect of dispersal on α‐diversity has garnered much experimental attention, the influence of dispersal rates on diversity at larger spatial scales (β and γ) is poorly understood. Furthermore, these theoretical predictions are not well tested in the field, where other environmental factors (e.g., habitat size, resource density) likely also influence species diversity. Here, we used a system of freshwater rock pools on Appledore Island, Maine, USA, to test the effects of dispersal rate on species diversity in metacommunities. The pools exist in clusters (metacommunities) that experience different levels of dispersal imposed by gulls (Larusspp.), which we show to be frequent passive dispersers of rock‐pool invertebrates. Although previous research has suggested that waterbirds may disperse aquatic invertebrates, our study is the first to quantify the rate at which such dispersal occurs and determine its effects on species diversity. In accordance with theory, we found that metacommunities experiencing higher dispersal rates had significantly more homogeneous local communities (reduced β‐diversity) and that γ‐diversity was not influenced by dispersal rate. Contrary to theoretical predictions, however, α‐diversity in the rock pools was not significantly influenced by dispersal. Rather, local diversity was significantly positively related to local habitat size, and both α‐ and γ‐diversity were influenced by the physicochemical environment of the pools. These results provide an important field test of metacommunity theory, highlighting how local and regional factors interact to drive patterns of species diversity in metacommunities, and demonstrate that waterbirds are indeed important dispersal vectors for aquatic invertebrates.
Gas Migration Prevention Using Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as a Multifunctional Additive in Oil Well Cement Slurry
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Irawan Sonny , Kumar Sandeep , Khan Muhammad Nisar , Memon Shuaib
Published: November 2013

This paper introduces Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) polymer, first time ever as a multifunctional additive for oil well cementing applications. This work is demonstrated by laboratory experiments. In which, API properties of HPMC based cement slurries were determined. From these experimental results, HPMC polymer effectively controlled fluid loss of cement slurry up to the temperature of 190 °F. HPMC completely prevented free water and it has excellent rheology at ambient and high temperatures. In addition, HPMC was found to develop an impervious barrier for prevention of gas migration. Further it was quantified by cement hydration analyzer. It was confirmed that HPMC based cement slurry was gas-tight formation. Such as pore pressure was remained constant at 16 psi with continues injection of gas at 150 psi for 08 hours. In addition, thickening time was increased 3:23 to 5:54 hours by the addition of HPMC polymer in cement slurry. The gas migration prevention was also confirmed through transition time of cement slurry. That was obtained as less than 30 minutes, which is excellent for gas migration prevention according to API criteria. Meanwhile, compressive strength was improved at 0.20 to 0.40 gallon per sack of HPMC polymer in cement slurries at 190 °F. This study showed that HPMC performed as an effective multifunctional additive and overall decreasing the quantity of additives in cement slurry. HPMC polymer comprehensively improved the properties of cement slurry. Thus, it can be effectively used as gas migration preventer at high temperature in field applications.
Legislating for sustainable basin management: the story of Australia's Water Act (2007)
Authors: Skinner Dominic , Langford John
Published: November 2013

Australia's Millennium drought, a 13-year dry period unprecedented in the instrumental record, inspired a change in the extant water management principles. The Water Act of 2007 was introduced and required the preparation of a Basin Plan to set environmentally sustainable levels of water extraction and to reduce the over-allocation of water entitlements that threatened water security. The Act was unusual in that environmental considerations were initially interpreted as a non-negotiable constraint on other water uses because of the legislative context in which it was written. This framing shaped subsequent negotiations during development of the Basin Plan. The recent passing of this Plan into law provides a conclusion to this complex, messy and, at times, irrational reform process. The path taken, from genesis of the Act to its eventual culmination in the Basin Plan, provides internationally important lessons in legislating for sustainable water management in inter-jurisdictional river basins. However, the reforms have also created new opportunities for ongoing improvement, including the mutual benefits derived from managing environmental water and irrigation water cooperatively.
An untold story of policy failure: the Total Sanitation Campaign in India
Authors: Hueso Andrés , Bell Brian
Published: November 2013

The Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) was a community-led, people-centred, demand-driven and incentive-based programme ideal to address India's rural sanitation crisis, or so it seemed. But policy failed to translate into practice and outcomes were remarkably poor. In the 2011 census data showed 31% sanitation coverage in 2011 (up from 22% in 2001), far from the 68% reported by the Government. The decade has witnessed progress slowing down and the number of rural households without latrines increasing by 8.3 million. This article draws on evidence from two coordinated studies in four Indian states. It aims to explore the dichotomy of TSC policy and practice, its causes, and the potential of the new sanitation campaign, the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA). The study found that TSC implementation was unaligned with the programme's guiding principles. In reality the TSC was government-led, infrastructure-centred, subsidy-based and supply-led, leading to poor outcomes. The reasons behind the theory–practice gap include low political priority; flawed monitoring; distorting accountability and career incentives; technocratic and paternalistic inertia; and corruption. In the new NBA, despite promising changes such as a stronger demand creation focus, key issues hampering implementation remain ignored. It is thus doomed to fail, burdened by known past hurdles.
Water, sanitation, hygiene and rural poverty: issues of sector monitoring and the role of aggregated indicators
Authors: Giné Garriga R. , Pérez Foguet A.
Published: November 2013

Water and sanitation improvements together with hygiene (WASH) are central to health. However, progress in ensuring access to these basic services remains inadequate, particularly in the rural developing world. To remedy this appalling situation, decision-makers need reliable data on which to base planning, targeting and prioritization. However, the challenges of collecting such data and producing consistent evidence are diverse. To influence policy, data have to be easily and meaningfully interpreted. In addition, the evaluation framework needs to capture the complexity inherent in the delivery of rural services. And with limited resources, the neediest must be prioritized. In this paper we compare three different monitoring and evaluation approaches: health impact indicators, standard indicators of the World Health Organization (WHO)/United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), and one multidimensional, WASH-focused indicator. From a policy-making perspective, the likely utility of the outcomes produced by each approach is discussed. The epidemiological study produces misleading results, which do not help draw relevant conclusions. JMP indicators provide reasonable quality basic estimates of coverage across different contexts, but are inappropriate to build up a complete picture of such context. The index approach takes into account a broader view of service level, and proves useful as a policy tool to guide action towards improved service delivery.
Mainstreaming adaptation in integrated water resources management in China: from challenge to change
Authors: He Xiangbai
Published: November 2013

China is facing many challenges in the water sector while implementing integrated water resources management (IWRM). Another daunting task – adapting to water-related impacts of climate change, is also challenging China's water managers. These challenges have been posing threats to China's economic, social and environmental development. While separate efforts in promoting IWRM and climate change adaptation have been made, the approach of mainstreaming climate change adaptation strategy within IWRM is seldom studied. Attempting to fill the gap, this paper argues that there is great potential in synergizing them after analysing their distinctions and common points. By developing climate-proofing strategies within IWRM, mainstreaming is able to minimize adverse water-related climate change risks and maximize the benefits of policies and plans. In this study, entry points of mainstreaming climate change adaptation in the sustaining environment of IWRM and its process will be identified and analysed.
The perception of the public participation approach applied to water management in Jordan
Authors: Al-Najar Faten O. , Ushijima Ken , Funamizu Naoyuki
Published: November 2013

This paper aims to explore the perception of applying public participation practices in Jordan in the water management context. It uses grounded theory methodology to understand how the concept of public participation is perceived by different stakeholders and how it is affecting the currently applied participation practices. The data used in this study were collected through face-to-face interviews with key water experts and specialists working in the water sector in Jordan, including experts working for governmental and non-governmental institutions. The findings of this study showed that there is a distinct difference in the perception of public participation between two groups; the ‘officials’ and ‘non-officials’, which in turn has influenced other aspects of participation, mainly the objectives and preferred type of participation, justification for implementing the participation and the characterization of currently applied participation practices.
Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of the Socket Version Marker in Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Jain Kowshik , Badge Ravindra , Bansal Rajeev , Gambhir Anil , Hemmady Mukesh
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver variability in determining the socket version using the wire marker. 100 anteroposterior pelvis radiographs of cemented primary total hip replacements were reviewed by two orthopaedic consultants and registrars, twice. Intrarater and interrater reliability were assessed using Cohen’s kappa. Intrarater kappas for junior doctors were 0.78 and 0.80, 0.73 and 0.62 for Consultants. Interrater kappas were 0.60 between the two Consultants and 0.63 between the two Junior Doctors. The kappas between Consultant A and Junior Doctor A was 0.61, between Consultant A and Junior Doctor B was 0.59, between Consultant B and Junior Doctor A was 0.53 and between Consultant B and Junior Doctor B was 0.46. Intrarater reliability was substantial for the two junior doctors and the two consultants. Interrater reliability was moderate-to-substantial between the two consultants, between the two junior doctors and between each pair of junior doctors/consultants.
Determination of iron by Z-GFAAS and the influence of short-term precision and long-term precision
Authors: Andersen Jens
Published: November 2013

A detailed method validation of graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) with Zeeman background correction was performed. The aim is to perform a detailed investigation of short-term precision as opposed to long-term precision. It was suggested that release of graphite flakes into the light path during measurement significantly influenced the performance of the method. It was found that significant deviations with respect to the certified values were frequent and an estimate of reliable uncertainties was obtained only after a high number of repetitions. Uncertainty of Interlaboratory testing was evaluated as a method to estimate uncertainties that are comparable to uncertainties that were obtained by Interlaboratory testing and to uncertainties predicted by the Horwitz curve. To a large extent, the uncertainty in measurement that was predicted by pooled calibrations corresponded to the uncertainties that were obtained from multiple determinations of unknowns. It was thus proposed that a large proportion of the difference in uncertainty in measurement between laboratories could be explained by properties of the different detectors. In order to support accuracy, it is suggested that a higher level of uncertainty should be accepted in analytical investigations.
Copper-cobalt ferrites as catalysts for methanol decomposition
Authors: Velinov Nikolay , Koleva Kremena , Tsoncheva Tanya , Paneva Daniela , Manova Elina , Tenchev Krassimir , Kunev Boris , Genova Izabela , Mitov Ivan
Published: November 2013

Copper-cobalt ferrites with composition Cu1−xCoxFe2O4, where x= 0.2 and 0.8 were prepared by thermal treatment of co-precipitated precursor. The obtained materials were characterized by TG-DSC, XRD, Transmission and Conversion Electron Mössbauer spectroscopy and temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen. The catalytic properties of ferrites were tested in methanol decomposition to CO and hydrogen.
Influence of temperature on the reduction kinetics of Bi(III) ion in the presence of cystine in chlorate (VII) solutions of decreased water activity
Authors: Nosal-Wiercińska Agnieszka
Published: November 2013

The results of the kinetic measurements of Bi(III) electroreduction on a mercury electrode in 1–8 mol dm−3 chlorate (VII) solutions and in the presence of cystine demonstrate a dependence of the process on the temperature. The applied electrochemical techniques (DC polarography, cyclic and SWV voltammetry) allowed for the determination of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and their correlation with water activity. The catalytic activity of cystine was confirmed by the decrease in overall enthalpies of activation. The changes in the values of ΔH
≠ and ΔS
0 for Bi(III) electroreduction in the presence of cystine with the increase of chlorate (VII) concentration showed that the mechanism is different in solutions with low water activity as compared to those with high water activity. Probably it is connected with a different structure of the activated complexes (Bi-Hg(SR)2), mediating electron transfer.
The Meaning of Children's Poetry: A Cognitive Approach
Authors: Coats Karen
Published: November 2013

Critical attention to children's poetry has been hampered by the lack of a clear sense of what a children's poem is and how children's poetry should be valued. Often, it is seen as a lesser genre in comparison to poetry written for adults. This essay explores the premises and contradictions that inform existing critical discourse on children's poetry and asserts that a more effective way of viewing children's poetry can be achieved through cognitive poetics rather than through comparisons with adult poetry. Arguing that children's poetry preserves the rhythms and pleasures of the body in language and facilitates emotional and physical attunement with others, the essay examines the crucial role children's poetry plays in creating a holding environment in language to help children manage their sensory environments, map and regulate their neurological functions, contain their existential anxieties, and participate in communal life.
Ex Lex
Authors: Bennington Geoffrey
Published: November 2013

Following Derrida's identification of the death-penalty as the (quasi-) transcendental of penal law in general, this essay traces the logic of its justification by the talionic principle in Kant (whose arguments in favour of the death penalty Derrida repeatedly describes as the most rigorous) and Hegel (who in a certain sense is even more rigorous than Kant in this respect). Showing how the death penalty (inflicted for murder) is in fact the only case in which the talionic principle operates without mediations or a calculus of equivalents, it is argued that this im-mediacy locates the death penalty (for murder) contradictorily at both the height of the rational and the depth of the barbaric. This allows the further suggestion that the concept of sovereignty functions as a non-dialectical attempt to resolve that contradiction, but one that leaves the Kantian attempt to defend the principles of sovereignty paradoxically outside the law it was concerned to defend, ex lex, treasonable, thus opening onto deconstructive possibilities beyond Kant's explicit claims.
The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty
Authors: Burt E. S.
Published: November 2013

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.
Time of Death: Herzog/Derrida
Authors: Norman Barnaby
Published: November 2013

This article proposes to explore questions of testimony, truth and fiction in Werner Herzog's 2011 documentary film Into the Abyss: A Tale of Death, a Tale of Life through Derrida's writings on Maurice Blanchot.
Invention of the Death Penalty: Abolitionism at its Limits
Authors: Jesús Ronald Mendoza-de
Published: November 2013

This essay seeks to account for Derrida's striking claims towards the end of The Death Penalty, Volume I concerning the survivability of the death penalty. Why will the death penalty live on, even beyond its end? How should we understand this claim? And what are the implications of the death penalty's survival for any attempt to continue Derrida's on-going efforts to deconstruct sovereignty in the name of what he often calls ‘the unconditional’? I suggest that the survivability of the death penalty is a crucial element in Derrida's attempt to articulate a different abolitionism, an abolitionism that has parted ways with all certainty concerning the death penalty's ‘end’.
Les trajectoires de passage à l’âge adulte en Europe
Authors: Ferreira Vitor Sérgio , Nunes Cátia
Published: November 2013

Becoming an adult across Europe : portraying different pathways of youth transitions.

The de-standardization of life course transitions seems to be a convergent and relatively widespread phenomenon across the European space. Longer and more extended timings to reach traditional markers of passage -such as residential and financial autonomy, marriage or having children -have been characterizing the process of becoming an adult. However, there has been cross-national evidence that suggests the existence of different transitional experiences. This article aims to identify different pathways regarding transition to adulthood across Europe and to what extent these pathways reflect the different regimes of youth

transition nationally institutionalized. Moreover, it intends to discuss to what extent the de-standardization trend also reflects patterns of de-ritualization

of the traditional social markers of passage to become an adult, by evaluating their ritualistic value. Using data from the European Social Survey -Round 3 (2006) and specifically focusing on the rotating module on the timing of life : the organization of the life course, it will present and discuss results regarding the experiences and the symbolic value of events traditionally perceived as being important in becoming an adult, namely : first fulltime job, leaving the parents’ house, first conjugal experience and first child. Differences between and within countries were found, presenting a diverse patterning of pathways and attitudes on becoming an adult across European societies.
La politique de jeunesse en Suède : caractéristiques et fondements
Authors: Stellinger Anna
Published: November 2013

Même si les jeunes suédois font face aux mêmes incertitudes que les autres jeunes en Europe – à savoir les difficultés d’entrer sur le marché du travail, l’allongement de la dépendance sociale, la réversibilité des parcours –, plusieurs études montrent qu’ils sont plus optimistes au sujet de leur avenir et de leur rôle dans la société. Après avoir rendu compte des résultats d’une vaste enquête internationale sur l’opinion des jeunes concernant la société, la famille et le travail, cet article met en avant plusieurs caractéristiques et fondements de la politique de la jeunesse suédoise qui contribuent à expliquer ce relatif optimisme. Une attention est particulièrement donnée à l’approche intersectorielle qui donne à la politique de jeunesse suédoise une portée relativement large, au rôle central joué par les indicateurs et les évaluations au niveau national et local et à la forte décentralisation. Plusieurs points de convergence sont également soulignés entre les politiques de jeunesse suédoise et européenne.
L’accueil des enfants : enjeux des réformes et appel aux entreprises dans quatre pays européens.
Authors: Daune-Richard Anne-Marie , Letablier Marie-Thérèse
Published: November 2013

Afin de répondre à l’urgente nécessité d’augmenter l’offre d’accueil des enfants, les entreprises sont conviées à participer à cet objectif et à s’engager dans un soutien plus actif à l’égard de leurs salariés ayant des enfants. Cet article examine comment les entreprises sont mobilisées autour de la question de l’accueil des enfants dans quatre pays de l’Union européenne, l’Allemagne, la France, l’Italie et le Royaume-Uni. Au préalable, cet appel aux entreprises est situé dans le contexte plus large des réformes des politiques d’accueil, soulignant les convergences entre les objectifs assignés à ces réformes en lien avec les injonctions de l’Union européenne, et les diverses formes de mise en oeuvre. Sont ainsi mises en évidence différentes logiques d’implication des entreprises, articulées à divers modèles d’intervention de l’État et de partenariats public-privé.
Nouveaux pauvres, nouvelles politiques
Authors: Duvoux Nicolas
Published: November 2013

New poor, new politics.

Over the past three decades, poverty has again become a structural reality in French society. The «wage society » of the 30 boom years after World War II might have eradicated poverty, but mass unemployment and the flexibility of employment have led to a decided lack of security in modern society. This article studies objective developments of poverty and focuses particularly on their impact on the job market. It also covers institutional responses to the lack of security among wage-earners.
La garde des enfants par leurs grands-parents, créatrice de liens intergénérationnels. [L'exemple de la Suisse romande]
Authors: Le Goff Jean-Marie , Barbeiro Ana , Gossweiler Elise
Published: November 2013

Les questions abordées dans cet article portent sur les modalités et les conditions par lesquelles de jeunes parents sollicitent leurs propres parents ou beaux-parents pour leur confier la garde de leurs enfants en bas âge. Comment jouent les critères de disponibilité des grands-parents (proximité géographique, retraite des grands-parents, etc.) ? De quelle manière s’établissent les liens de réciprocité entre les différentes générations ? Comment la durée de garde est envisagée par les parents ? Quelles raisons évoquent les parents en ce qui concerne la décision de confier la garde de leurs enfants aux grands-parents ? Pour répondre à ces questions, les données de l’enquête Devenir parent ont été mobilisées – enquête mixte quantitative et qualitative – dans laquelle des couples ont été interrogés à trois reprises : quelques mois avant la naissance de leur premier enfant, quelques mois après, et plus d’un an après.
Les enfants exposés à des « violences et conflits conjugaux ». [Parcours en protection de l'enfance et environnement social et familial]
Authors: Frechon  Isabelle , Marquet Lucy , Séverac Nadège
Published: November 2013

Children exposed to violence and marital conflict.

Childhoud trajectories between child care services and family.

This article aims to better understand the family and personal situations of children in the care of child services who were exposed to violence or parental conflict. It is based on a study of the life causes of a group of 809 children born in the mid-1980s who were placed at least once in the care of social services after the age of 10. One in five of these children were identified by childhood social services as having been exposed to violence or parental conflict when they were transferred to the care of child services or shortly thereafter. Compared to other children in the care of child services, children exposed to violence or marital conflict are younger when social services first intervene. In addition, they come from very large families with a great number of parental problems (alcoholism, psychological problems, difficult childhoods, prison). Many of these children have been mistreated, and, though attempts to return them to their environment are made in the first few years, these efforts are soon abandoned, and a long and chaotic trajectory ensues.
Les effets de la politique familiale en faveur des familles monoparentales
Authors: Bonaïti Camille
Published: November 2013

FRE: Familles monoparentales, Politiques familiales, Prestations familiales.
Relations conjugales et configurations parentales à la Martinique
Authors: Lefaucheur Nadine , Brown Elisabeth
Published: November 2013

Data collected in the survey Gender and Interpersonal Violence in Martinique can be used to compare relationships described by respondents while making a distinction between co-resident couples (often married) and couples who do not share a residence (new couples or “ visiting partners”). Multi-partner behaviour among men, which is frequent, often simultaneous and ongoing, appears to be closely linked to conflict and violence in couples, but the probability of being a victim to such violence is partly rooted in childhood difficulties and violence suffered in a family context. The latter is characterised by significant residential proximity, complex family configurations, and the composite sibling configurations that result therefrom. Female single-parent households show particular characteristics depending on whether the mother has visitingpartner relationships, is separated from the father or fathers of her children, or has never had sustained love or sexual relationships.
Vers la Grèce antique. De la nostalgie au deuil
Authors: Ricœur Paul
Published: November 2013

Reprenant les catégories nietzschéennes d’histoire monumentale, antiquaire et critique, Paul Ricœur analyse la manière dont l’histoire répond à une « demande du présent », demande qui peut se traduire par la nostalgie ou l’oubli. Deux options que Ricœur refuse, plaidant pour un travail de deuil qui ravive les questions contemporaines sur le passé.
Le retour du capital et la dynamique des inégalités
Authors: Piketty Thomas , Béja Alice , Padis Marc-Olivier
Published: November 2013

On a pu croire, pendant les Trente Glorieuses, que l’évolution du capitalisme allait vers une réduction des inégalités. Or on constate aujourd’hui que la période de convergence des revenus au xx e siècle n’était qu’une parenthèse ; l’accumulation du patrimoine s’accentue depuis une trentaine d’années, et nous ramène à une situation plus proche de celle du xix e siècle. Comment donc combattre les inégalités avec une croissance structurellement faible ?
Est-ce bien normal d'être normal ?
Authors: Janody Patricia
Published: November 2013

Selon le discours bureaucratique qui prévaut aujourd’hui jusque dans les lieux psychiatriques, les termes même de « normal » et d’« anormal » sont considérés comme trop saillants, inquiétants, et donc à résorber dans les échelles diagnostiques et les nomenclatures des « dys- ». Il s’agirait que s’étende un règne euphémisé des normes sans plus recourir à des signifiants aussi différenciés. La valeur du symptôme se laisse-t-elle pour autant si facilement annuler ? Ou bien le procédé d’annulation n’infiltrerait-il pas plutôt la langue qui prétend s’en servir ? L’épreuve de la traduction est à cet égard utile. On se référera concrètement à un atelier de traduction, impliquant des cliniciens et des traducteurs entre le shimahoré et le français. On s’arrêtera sur la façon dont les voies de nomination des symptômes rencontrent une zone de non-traduction, dont on interrogera les effets en retour sur les usages « normaux », ou « anormaux », de la langue.
Vers un repérage des types de référentiels de compétences
Authors: Jarnias Sylvie , Oiry Ewan
Published: November 2013

Comme les autres instruments de gestion, les référentiels de compétences sont assez rarement analysés en tant que tels. Ils sont souvent considérés comme des « donnés » allant de soi. Pourtant, un observateur attentif des pratiques des entreprises dans ce domaine est très rapidement frappé par la diversité des contenus et des formes des référentiels. Ce texte propose des éléments d’explication de cette diversité. Tout en prenant en compte différents facteurs (comme le contexte, l’histoire de l’entreprise, etc.), ce texte souligne que la littérature considère, parfois implicitement, que les référentiels ont pour objectif d’évaluer le travail réalisé par les salariés. En s’appuyant sur des travaux récents, cet article montre que d’autres « philosophies gestionnaires » peuvent pourtant être envisagées pour les référentiels de compétences. En présentant deux études de cas comparatives, cet article montre que ces différences d’objectifs se traduisent concrètement dans la forme et le contenu de ces référentiels de compétences. Finalement, ce texte plaide pour une analyse fine des différences dans les contenus et les formes des référentiels car elles sont le signe de référentiels de compétences qui ont des philosophies gestionnaires, des objectifs et des modes d’utilisation fondamentalement différents.
The impact of work overload and coping mechanisms on different dimensions of stress among university teachers
Authors: Gohar Abbas Syed , Roger Alain
Published: November 2013

Le métier d’enseignant universitaire n’est plus considéré comme une profession peu stressante comme il l’a été souvent jusqu’à présent [Winelfield et al., 2003] dans les pays occidentaux, mais aussi dans des pays en voie de développement comme le Pakistan où cette étude a été réalisée. Au Pakistan, le secteur de l’enseignement supérieur s’est fortement développé depuis l’année 2000 et la concurrence s’est accrue du fait de l’arrivée de plusieurs universités privées, avec pour conséquences de lourdes responsabilités et des exigences difficiles à satisfaire. À la suite de ces défis récents rencontrés par les institutions d’enseignement supérieur, qui se sont traduits par des pressions en termes de performance et par une charge de travail accrue, la gestion du stress est devenue une question de recherche importante dans le contexte académique. Cette étude porte sur un échantillon de 80 personnes (61 hommes et 19 femmes) travaillant dans une université publique au Pakistan. Elle est centrée sur l’effet modérateur des capacités d’adaptation (coping) sur le stress. La première partie de notre recherche analyse l’impact de la surcharge sur le stress, y compris le niveau extrême que constitue l’épuisement professionnel (burnout). Les capacités d’adaptation sont alors considérées comme des modérateurs de cette relation. Deux échelles classiques ont été utilisées, l’une développée par Pareek [2002], l’ORS (Organizational Role Stressors), et l’autre par Maslach & Jackson [1986], le MBI-ES (Maslach Burnout Inventory - Educators Survey). Les autres échelles mesurant le stress (général ou lié à l’emploi) et les ressources d’adaptation (la planification anticipée, le soutien social, l’acceptation, l’évitement et l’appel à Dieu) ont été construites à partir d’échelles existantes et fondées sur les résultats d’une étude exploratoire préliminaire par entretiens. Les résultats montrent que le soutien social a un effet modérateur significatif sur la relation entre la surcharge et le stress. Les comportements d’évitement augmentent de façon significative le stress. Des interventions pour gérer le stress au premier, deuxième ou troisième niveau sont recommandées afin d’aider les universités à gérer au mieux les effets négatifs du stress.
Le vrai du faux
Authors: Bouilloud Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2013

Le problème de la vérité est souvent sous-jacent dans la question de la croyance, mais elle est centrale dans le cas des faussaires. À partir de l’histoire du faussaire Han Van Meegeren, nous montrons comment les modalités du « faire-croire » du faussaire et de son entourage rencontrent le « désir de croire » des experts et des acheteurs, dans un contexte spécifique. Ici s’élabore une « herméneutique du faussaire » qui rend compte à la fois des modalités du faire-croire (techniques picturales, stylistiques, contextualisation historique), mais aussi du vouloir-croire (œuvre manquante dans une configuration historique singulière, compétition entre les acteurs du marché de l’art) qui vient rencontrer ces techniques pour arriver à une entente sur cette illusion qu’est l’œuvre falsifiée.
Le doute et la croyance
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie
Published: November 2013

Face à la menace du vide de la perte du sens, diverses stratégies se présentent. La première consiste à continuer à croire en fabriquant des « prothèses de certitude », ce qui constitue, dans le domaine tant interpersonnel que social, l’origine de l’état d’aliénation décliné dans ses nombreuses figures. Investir le doute comme unique vérité procède d’un renversement dans le contraire de la position précédente. C’est une position inféconde, celle du nihilisme du désespoir telle qu’on la trouve volontiers à l’adolescence. Si une touche perverse s’y ajoute, on aura la position du cynique qui jouit de la certitude qu’il n’existe pas de certitude et surtout de la conscience de la toute-puissance qu’il éprouve à détruire les certitudes des autres. La fragilité qu’il dénonce, voire démontre, le consolide dans la force inexpugnable de sa position. On s’attache dans ce texte à montrer la fécondité de l’épreuve du doute, paradoxe selon lequel doute et croyance s’unissent par la coïncidence des opposés. Non pas en se complaisant dans une ambivalence obsessionnelle stérile qui ferait tomber tantôt d’un côté tantôt de l’autre mais en acceptant de soumettre la croyance à l’ordalie du doute, afin de pouvoir éventuellement retrouver la force de l’évidence des origines.
Entre efficacité et légitimité : l'audit « scienctifié » et la dimension du croire dans le système financier
Authors: Lherm François-René
Published: November 2013

Loin du discours officiel présentant l’audit financier comme une technique objective et neutre visant à établir la fiabilité des comptes des grandes entreprises, c’est un audit toujours en recherche de légitimité qui est présenté ici. Pour en reconstituer l’histoire et la pratique, il ne s’agit donc plus de chercher à décrire un effort de rationalisation technique, mais bien de comprendre en quoi la pratique de l’audit mobilise des éléments de croyance collective pour s’octroyer une place incontournable dans le système financier. Bouc émissaire lorsqu’un scandale financier éclate, il est investi de la fonction sacrée de passeur entre le monde profane et l’enceinte sacro-sainte des marchés financiers chargés de dire la vérité de la valeur fiduciaire. C’est à ce prix que l’audit permet à notre société de s’illusionner encore sur l’infaillibilité du système financier sur lequel elle repose, et que nous pouvons croire en l’audit, tout comme les Grecs autrefois ont pu croire à leurs mythes.
Affaire des faux espions de Renault : sous la croyance, l'imaginaire
Authors: Tuffa Elsa
Published: November 2013

Au premier trimestre 2011, une curieuse affaire éclate dans les médias. Le constructeur automobile français Renault aurait mis à pied, en secret, trois cadres pour cause d’espionnage à la solde d’entreprises chinoises. L’affaire prend rapidement une ampleur médiatique forte. Pourtant l’investigation judiciaire montrera en quelques semaines qu’en fait d’espionnage, il s’agit d’escroquerie et qu’en fait de coupables, les cadres mis à pied s’avèrent des victimes. Au travers de l’analyse de ce cas, l’auteur se propose d’explorer comment croyance et imaginaire viennent s’alimenter réciproquement au service de la permanence de ce qui structure l’organisation face à la crise. Chemin faisant, nous investiguerons le rôle du secret, du désaveu et de la honte dans l’histoire de l’entreprise et la construction de ses croyances.
La responsabilité de l'administration publique et la constitution polonaise
Authors: Wojtyczek Krzysztof
Published: November 2013

Résumé L’analyse de la responsabilité administrative en Pologne doit inclure celle des règles constitutionnelles et, en particulier, de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle intéressant ce thème. De plus, au niveau des lois ordinaires, une distinction peut être opérée entre cinq situations : la responsabilité du fait des règlements illégaux, pour omission d’édicter un règlement, du fait d’une décision administrative individuelle, pour une action de fait ou encore pour abstention de prendre une décision individuelle. Pour chacune de ces situations sont présentés le droit matériel applicable, les organes compétents ainsi que les procédures à suivre et les formalités à accomplir. Le droit polonais révèle que la responsabilité de l’administration s’inscrit dans le cadre plus large et relativement homogène de la responsabilité des pouvoirs publics (y compris législatif et judiciaire). Cette étude aborde la responsabilité de l’administration avant 1997, les termes de la Constitution de 1997 à ce sujet et la mise en œuvre de ces dispositions.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF ANTIBIOTIC IMPREGNATED MICROPOROUS NANO-HYDROXYAPATITE FOR OSTEOMYELITIS TREATMENT
Authors: Suwanprateeb J. , Thammarakcharoen F. , Phanphiriya P. , Chokevivat W. , Suvannapruk W. , Chernchujit B.
Published: November 2013

In this study, preparation and characterization of antibiotic-impregnated microporous nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) aiming to function as both antibiotic carrier and bone graft for osteomyelitis treatment were carried out. Microporous nano-hydroxyapatite was prepared by low temperature phosphorization of three-dimensional printed calcium sulfate sample and was impregnated by three types of antibiotics including vancomycin, fosfomycin and gentamicin. Materials properties and antibacterial performance including phase composition, microstructure, degradability, total drug loading, antibacterial activity and shelf life were investigated and reported. Microporous nano-hydroxyapatite having porosity and mean pore size of 63.92% and 0.15 microns was prepared and showed greater resorbability than typical high-temperature sintering samples. Sustained release of antibiotic from the impregnated samples for longer than 29 days was observed, but the difference in the efficiency was related to the difference in the molecular weight, mechanism of action, spectrum of activity of each antibiotic. No deterioration in the antibacterial activity of the prepared antibiotic-impregnated hydroxyapatite was observed after storing for up to 12 months. No cytotoxic potential by MTT assay at all extraction periods was observed for vancomycin-impregnated hydroxyapatite. Gentamicin and fosfomycin impregnated hydroxyapatites showed cytotoxic potential only on day 1 extraction, but no cytotoxic potential was observed on day 2 extraction onward. This could be related to the concentration and characteristics of each released antibiotics.
Ambient Activity Recognition in Smart Environments for Cognitive Assistance
Authors: Roy Patrice C. , Bouchard Bruno , Bouzouane Abdenour , Giroux Sylvain
Published: November 2013

In this paper, the authors investigate the challenging key issues that emerge from research in the field of ambient intelligence in smart environments, under the context of activity recognition. The authors clearly describe the specific functional needs inherent in cognitive assistance for effective activity recognition, and then the authors present the fundamental research that addresses this problem in such a context. This paper is more of a survey and an analysis of existing works that have been studied for potential integration into our laboratories, rather than a focused evaluation report. The authors’ objective is to identify gaps in the capabilities of current techniques and to suggest the most productive lines of research to address this complex issue. As such, the contribution is of both theoretical and practical significance.
Core Methodologies in Data Warehouse Design and Development
Authors: Yao James , Wang John , Chen Qiyang , Xing Ruben
Published: November 2013

Data warehouse is a system which can integrate heterogeneous data sources to support the decision making process. Data warehouse design is a lengthy, time-consuming, and costly process. There has been a high failure in data warehouse development projects. Thus how to design and develop a data warehouse have become important issues for information systems designers and developers. This paper reviews and discusses some of the core data warehouse design and development methodologies in information system development. The paper presents in particular the most recent and much heated hybrid approach which is a combination of data-driven and requirement-driven approaches.
Multi-Purpose Simulation and Testing Model Of the (Electronic Gas Turbine Control Unit) (EGTCU)
Authors: Saad Mohammed Adel Elsayed , El Bardini Mohammad , Mahmoud Mohammad Ibrahim
Published: November 2013

This paper describes a modified modeling and simulation of the measurement and control system of the single shaft Gas Turbine (GT). This GT is used in electrical power generation in Khalda Petroleum Company. The main objective of this paper is to obtain a multi-purpose controller modeling and simulation that can be used in future testing. This controller controls the GT under heavy disturbance; considering the monitored variable is the mechanical torque. That is to obtain a general GT controller which can drive either a compressor or a generator. Then a testing procedure is done to test the Electronic Gas Turbine Control Unit (EGTCU). The system response and stability are considered to modify controller parameters and validate the controller before installation in real gas turbine system.
Effects of Discount Scenarios on Chaotic Behavior of Inventory Level Under Price-Dependent Demand
Authors: Nosoohi Iman , Parvizian Jamshid
Published: November 2013

In competitive conditions, demand depends on the price and retailers with lower prices sell more. In this paper a dynamic model is developed in which demand is price-dependent and the price is determined by the retailer based on its inventory level. The retailer can offer discounts to customers, regarding its inventory level, based on different scenarios such as linear, total or increasing scenarios. Simulations show that each scenario has different effects on the long-term chaotic behavior of the inventory level, and is able to control aperiodic behavior of inventory level under specific initial conditions. It is established that in order to secure inventory stability, the discount scenario should consider the incoming shipments to the retailer and the potentially maximum demand, instead of the inventory level.