bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical Use of Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery Test
Authors: D'Angelo John , Dongré Raj
Published: January 2010

The rheological properties of asphalt binders modified by styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) depend on formulation variables. The most sensitive of them may be listed as polymer amount, cross-linking agent amount (percentage), and other additives such as polyphosphoric acid (PPA). The dispersion of SBS in an asphalt binder depends on the time and temperature of blending and the base asphalt binder compatibility. In this study an incompatible binder and a compatible base asphalt binder were selected and modified with various amounts of SBS. Elemental sulfur was used as a cross-linking agent in different proportions. Other additives, such as PPA at 0.5% concentration, were also used. High shear blends of SBS-modified asphalt binders were made in the laboratory by varying blending time until an optimum dispersion of polymer was obtained. The dispersion of the polymer was studied with a fluorescence microscope. A multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test was used to study creep and recovery behavior of these modified binders. MSCR test results ( Jnr and percentage recovery) were able to characterize the extent of dispersion of SBS in these polymer-modified asphalts (PMA). This implies that a fundamental test method is now available to discriminate between the dump-and-stir types of PMAs and those that have been optimally dispersed. This presentation discusses the effect of SBS dispersion and other additives on the MSCR test results.
Brief Historical Ecology of Northern Portugal during the Holocene
Authors: Pinto Bruno , Aguar Carlos , Partidário Maria
Published: January 2010

This study reviews the main changes of the vegetation and fauna in northern Portugal during the Holocene, using literature from palaeoecology, archaeology, history, writings from travellers and naturalists, maps of agriculture and forestry and expert consultation. The ecological history of this area shows a trend of forestry decline, with periods of recovery of the vegetation related to the decrease of human pressure on natural resources. The deforestation began on the high plateaus of this region, extending later to the heavier and more productive soils of the valleys. In the beginning of the Holocene, the climate seems to have been the most important trigger of change in this area, but human impact probably became preponderant in the last 5000 years. The natural herbivorous fauna was probably reduced, with the extinction of species such as wild horse, aurochs and European beaver, and partially replaced by human action. Nevertheless, the high resilience of ecosystems has enabled their sustainability for eight millennia and has also allowed the recovery of the vegetation and fauna in the recent decades.
Motives for Introducing Species: Palestine's Carp as a Case Study
Authors: Tamir Dan
Published: January 2010

Species introductions might lead to biological invasions, which in turn pose a serious threat to global biodiversity. There is a good deal of research about the ecological and physiological aspects of introductions and invasions, but there has been relatively little research into the socio-cultural and economic motives which initiate such species' introduction. One common assumption relates introductions to ethnic cultural traditions, while another assumption connects them to economic reasons. Taking the introduction of the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) to Palestine's freshwaters in the 1930s, this article examines the contribution of such socio-cultural and economic motives to the process while suggesting a third motive, an ideological one. The article concludes by assessing the ways these three motives may still be intertwined in introduction processes in the modern era.
Book Reviews
Authors: Carruthers Jane , Jacobs Nancy , Satya Laxman D. , Brennan Claire
Published: January 2010

John Kricher, The Balance of Nature: Ecology's Enduring Myth (JANE CARRUTHERS)
Patrick Harries, Butterflies and Barbarians: Swiss Missionaries and Systems of Knowledge in South-East Africa (NANCY JACOBS)
S. Abdul Thaha, Forest Policy and Ecological Change: Hyderabad State in Colonial India (LAXMAN D. SATYA)
Kirstie Ross, Going Bush: New Zealanders and Nature in the Twentieth Century, and Melissa Harper, The Ways of the Bushwalker: On Foot in Australia (CLAIRE BRENNAN)
Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology—From Its Origins to Today’s State of the Art
Authors: Kuhn Melanie , Napporn Teko
Published: January 2010

In single-chamber solid oxide fuel cells (SC-SOFCs), both anode and cathode are situated in a common gas chamber and are exposed to a mixture of fuel and oxidant. The working principle is based on the difference in catalytic activity of the electrodes for the respective anodic and cathodic reactions. The resulting difference in oxygen partial pressure between the electrodes leads to the generation of an open circuit voltage. Progress in SC-SOFC technology has enabled the generation of power outputs comparable to those of conventional SOFCs. This paper provides a detailed review of the development of SC-SOFC technology.
Inhibitory Activity of Marine Sponge-Derived Natural Products against Parasitic Protozoa
Authors: Orhan Ilkay , Şener Bilge , Kaiser Marcel , Brun Reto , Tasdemir Deniz
Published: January 2010

In this study, thirteen sponge-derived terpenoids, including five linear furanoterpenes: furospinulosin-1 (1), furospinulosin-2 (2), furospongin-1 (3), furospongin-4 (4), and demethylfurospongin-4 (5); four linear meroterpenes: 2-(hexaprenylmethyl)-2-methylchromenol (6), 4-hydroxy-3-octaprenylbenzoic acid (7), 4-hydroxy-3-tetraprenyl-phenylacetic acid (8), and heptaprenyl-p-quinol (9); a linear triterpene, squalene (10); two spongian-type diterpenes dorisenone D (11) and 11β-acetoxyspongi-12-en-16-one (12); a scalarane-type sesterterpene; 12-epi-deoxoscalarin (13), as well as an indole alkaloid, tryptophol (14) were screened for their in vitro activity against four parasitic protozoa; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani and Plasmodium falciparum. Cytotoxic potential of the compounds on mammalian cells was also assessed. All compounds were active against T. brucei rhodesiense, with compound 8 being the most potent (IC50 0.60 μg/mL), whereas 9 and 12 were the most active compounds against T. cruzi, with IC50 values around 4 μg/mL. Compound 12 showed the strongest leishmanicidal activity (IC50 0.75 µg/mL), which was comparable to that of miltefosine (IC50 0.20 µg/mL). The best antiplasmodial effect was exerted by compound 11 (IC50 0.43 µg/mL), followed by compounds 7, 10, and 12 with IC50 values around 1 µg/mL. Compounds 9, 11 and 12 exhibited, besides their antiprotozoal activity, also some cytotoxicity, whereas all other compounds had low or no cytotoxicity towards the mammalian cell line. This is the first report of antiprotozoal activity of marine metabolites 1–14, and points out the potential of marine sponges in discovery of new antiprotozoal lead compounds.
Identification and Comparative Quantification of Bio-Active Phthalides in Essential Oils from Si-Wu-Tang, Fo-Shou-San, Radix Angelica and Rhizoma Chuanxiong
Authors: Tang Yuping , Zhu Min , Yu Sheng , Hua Yongqing , Duan Jin-Ao , Su Shulan , Zhang Xu , Lu Yin , Ding Anwei
Published: January 2010

Phthalides are important bio-active constituents in Si-Wu-Tang and Fo-Shou-San, two commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) combined prescriptions mainly derived from Radix Angelica and Rhizoma Chuanxiong. In this paper, the contents of eight phthalides, including Z-ligustilide, E-ligustilide, Z-butylenephthalide, E-butylene-phthalide, 3-butylphthalide, neocnidilide and senkyunolide A were determined or estimated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed GC-MS was a simple, rapid, and high sensitive method for analyzing phthalides in Si-Wu-Tang, Fo-Shou-San, Radix Angelica and Rhizoma Chuanxiong, and the extractable contents of each phthalides including Z-ligustilide, E-ligustilide, Z-butylenephthalide, etc. varied after Radix Angelica, Rhizoma Chuanxiong were combined into a formulation, such as Si-Wu-Tang and Fo-Shou-San. Furthermore, inhibition activity of essential oils from Si-Wu-Tang, Fo-Shou-San, Radix Angelica and Rhizoma Chuanxiong on uterine contraction was tested in an in vitro assay, and the results showed that the activity of the essential oil is higher as the content of the phthalides increase, which demonstrated that phthalides are possibly main active components inhibiting mice uterine contraction in vitro. All of the results suggested that comparative analysis of chemical components and pharmacological activities of each herb and formula is possibly helpful to elucidate the active components in traditional Chinese medicine, and to reveal the compatibility mechanism of TCM formulae.
VALUATION OF PROPERTIES IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO WASTE DUMPS SITES: THE NIGERIA EXPERIENCE
Authors: Bello Victoria Amietsenwu , Bello Mustapha Oyewole
Published: January 2010

The paper identified and evaluated the techniques used by Nigerian Estate Surveyors and Valuers in valuing properties close to waste dump sites. A random sample of 107 Estate Surveyors and Valuers were taken from a sampling frame of 228 for the administration of questionnaire out of which 99 were returned. The data was analysed using the percentile, mean score and One Sample t‐test. The results show that majority of the Estate Surveyors and Valuers were not aware of the existence of methodologies used for the valuation of environmentally contaminated properties. The result further showed that the Estate Surveyors and Valuers over value properties in close proximity to the waste dump sites using inappropriate methods. In view of these findings, the undergraduate and post‐graduate curricula in Estate Management in the tertiary institutions should be reviewed to incorporate the appropriate methods of valuation in use for environmentally contaminated properties and the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programme for the practitioners should be tailored to addresses this area of deficiency. Santruka Šiame darbe nustatyti ir ivertinti metodai, kuriuos taiko Nigerijos matininkai ir turto vertintojai, vertindami netoli savartynu esanti turta. Iš emimo sarašo su 228 galimais respondentais atsitiktine tvarka atrinkta 107 matininku ir turto vertintoju imtis, jiems iteiktos anketos, iš kuriu gražintos 99. Duomenys nagrineti taikant procentili, vidutini bala ir vienos imties t testa (angl. One Sample t‐test). Rezultatai rodo, kad daugelis matininku ir nekilnojamojo turto vertintoju nežino apie metodikas, taikomas vertinant nuosavybe užterštoje aplinkoje. Be to, rezultatai rodo, kad matininkai ir turto vertintojai pervertina netoli savartynu esanti turta, taikydami netinkamus metodus. Atsižvelgiant i šias išvadas, reiketu pakoreguoti nekilnojamojo turto valdymo studiju programas, skirtas pirmojo ir antrojo ciklo studentams aukštesniosiose ir aukštosiose mokyklose, itraukiant atitinkamus vertinimo metodus, taikomus vertinant nuosavybe užterštoje aplinkoje, o praktikams reiketu paruošti Nuolatinio profesinio ugdymo (CPD) programa, kuri padetu užpildyti šia spraga.
THE SOULS OF EUROPE
Authors: Buijs Govert J.
Published: January 2010

How should Europe deal politically with its legacy as a so‐called “Christian civilization"? Should this imply an overt reference to God or to the Christian or Judeo‐Christian tradition in European constitutional documents (as was debated when the so‐called “Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe” was tabled)? This debate raised the old “politico‐theological problem”: does a political order need some kind of metaphysical or religious grounding, a “soul”, or can it present itself as a purely rational order, the result of a utilitarian calculus? In this article it is argued that the secular idea of the state as an inherent element in the “Judeo‐Christian tradition”, for a “divine state” usurps a place that is only God's. So, this religious tradition itself calls for a secular state, and this inherent relationship between religion and secularity has become a key element for the interpretation of European civilization, most notably in the idea of a separation of the church and the state. But the very fact that this is a religious idea does imply that the European political order cannot be seen as a purely rational political order without a soul. The idea of a “plural soul” is proposed as a way out of the dilemma.
LIFE WORLD AND GLOBAL CIVILIZATION
Authors: Mickūnas Algis
Published: January 2010

The article is designed to demonstrate that the Western modern life world is constituted by the reconstruction of the natural environment in accordance with formal logical rules that are not derivable from contingent facts. Logical rules are selected as techniques in terms of their value to fulfill “needs” and hence to shape the environment into a “technical life world” that becomes globalized as “scientific” demanding that the life worlds of the others develop to become modern and technical. This means that the globalized technical life world is not a set of facts but signitive systems of logical, non‐temporal and non‐spacial vectors of “communication” taking precedence over the material‐productive levels of any society.
The Minimally Important Difference in Clinical Practice for Patient-centered Outcomes Including Health Assessment Questionnaire, Fatigue, Pain, Sleep, Global Visual Analog Scale, and SF-36 in Scleroderma
Authors: SEKHON SUNEET , POPE JANET ,   Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, BARON MURRAY
Published: January 2010

Objective.

We studied a large clinical practice and multicenter database to estimate the minimally important difference (MID) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) using global rating of change anchors for the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and visual analog scale (VAS) in pain, fatigue, sleep, global status, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) in clinical practice.

Methods.

Longitudinal data were collected from a scleroderma clinic on patients with scleroderma (n = 109) who had completed the HAQ-DI and pain/fatigue/sleep/global status VAS (0 to 100 mm) questionnaires at 2 consecutive visits, and rated their change in overall status since the last visit as much better, better, same, worse, or much worse. Data were extracted from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group (CSRG) database (n = 341) for 2 consecutive annual visits where the patients had completed HAQ-DI and SF-36, and the SF-36 “change in health” item.

Results.

For the single site, the mean baseline HAQ-DI was 0.895 and 0.911 at followup, with a mean change of 0.016. The MID estimates for improvement and worsening respectively were –0.0125 (0.125, 75th percentile)/0.042 (0.217, 75th percentile) for HAQ-DI, –8.00/3.61 for pain, –10.00/3.79 (25.32) for fatigue, –18.50/5.92 for sleep, and –6.70/4.05 for global VAS. In the CSRG, baseline scores were 0.787 for HAQ-DI, 37.20 for the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of SF-36, and 48.57 for the Mental Component Summary (MCS). The MID estimates for improvement and worsening were –0.037 (0.250, 75th percentile)/0.140 (0.375, 75th percentile) for HAQ-DI, 2.18/–1.74 for PCS, and 1.33/–2.61 for MCS.

Conclusion.

This study provides MID estimates in SSc from 2 large databases for commonly used patient-reported outcomes in a clinical practice setting, which could differ from MID in trials.
Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Parotid Scintigraphy in 405 Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: RAMOS-CASALS MANUEL , BRITO-ZERÓN PILAR , PEREZ-DE-LIS MARTA , DIAZ-LAGARES CANDIDO , BOVE ALBERT , SOTO MARIA-JOSE , JIMENEZ IRATXE , BELENGUER RAFAEL , SISO ANTONI , MUXÍ AFRICA , PONS FRANCESCA
Published: January 2010

Objective.

To evaluate the association between the degree of involvement shown by parotid scintigraphy at diagnosis and the disease expression, outcomes, and prognosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS).

Methods.

All patients consecutively diagnosed with primary SS in our department between 1984 and 2008 were evaluated. The scintigraphic stages were classified into class 4 (severe involvement), class 2–3 (mild to moderate involvement), and class 1 (normal results).

Results.

A total of 405 patients with primary SS underwent parotid scintigraphy at diagnosis (47 had class 1 involvement, 314 had class 2–3, and 44 had class 4). Patients with class 4 had a higher frequency of parotid enlargement (p < 0.001), systemic involvement (p = 0.007), high titers of antinuclear antibody (p = 0.016), positive rheumatoid factor (p = 0.002), anti-Ro/SSA (p = 0.001), anti-La/SSB (p = 0.001), low C4 levels (p = 0.001), and low CH50 (p = 0.001) in comparison with the other 2 groups. A higher rate of lymphoma development was observed in patients with class 4 involvement. Adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 10.51 (p = 0.002) and Kaplan–Meier analysis a log-rank of 0.0005. Mortality was 5-fold higher in patients with class 4 involvement. Adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis showed an HR of 5.33 (p = 0.001) and Kaplan-Meier analysis a log-rank of 0.033.

Conclusion.

Patients with SS presenting with severe scintigraphic involvement at diagnosis had a more pronounced autoimmune expression, a higher risk of developing systemic features and lymphoma, and a lower survival rate. Study of the degree of salivary gland dysfunction at diagnosis by parotid scintigraphy offers valuable clinical information on the prognosis and outcome of primary SS.
Third-party certification, food standards and quality assurance in supply chains
Authors: Monteiro Diogo Souza , Anders Sven
Published: January 2010

This paper develops a theoretical framework to address and discuss issues of certifier effort, firm size and cost differences in the provision of credible third-party certification services in vertical food supply chains. The emergence of private and voluntary food standards have opened a fast growing market for the provision of independent third-party certification services for a range of credence attributes from origin, through food quality and safety to social and environmental attributes. This study argues that the quality of certification may be affected by the number of heterogeneous standards a certifier is accredited to verify. Moreover, results suggest that the quality of more complex and costly testing protocols and standards resulting in overall higher certification cost may be better served by smaller certification bodies that on average exert higher effort levels. This finding seems of particular relevance to food chain management given the growing proliferation of highly specialized private standards and contractual arrangements in international food supply.
Make-or-buy decisions and levels of logistics outsourcing: an empirical analysis in the food manufacturing industry
Authors: Hsiao H. , Kemp R. , van der Vorst J.G. , (Onno) Omta S.
Published: January 2010

The objective of this paper is to study the determinants of outsourcing of different levels of logistics activities in the food manufacturing industry. In our research, four different levels of logistics activities were examined: (1st level) transportation, (2nd level) packaging, (3rd level) transportation and inventory management, and (4th level) distribution network design. Questionnaires were mailed to logistics managers in the Netherlands and Taiwan of which an effective sample size of 114 were used in this study. Our results reveal that three theoretical perspectives (transaction cost theory, resource-based view, supply chain management) contribute to the explanation of an outsourcing decision, i.e. the determinant factors for logistics outsourcing in the food industry are: asset specificity, core closeness and supply chain complexity. Furthermore, the results show that each level of logistics activity has its own key outsourcing determinants.
Transformational supply chains and the 'wicked problem' of sustainability: aligning knowledge, innovation, entrepreneurship, and leadership
Authors: Peterson H.
Published: January 2010

Supply chains are increasingly asked by consumers, policy makers, and other stakeholders to deliver product attributes that range far beyond the experience and search attributes of classical consumer demand. One name given these attributes is credence attributes (e.g. place-of-origin, organic, locally-grown). Sustainability as an attribute is an interesting emerging case. Sustainability is an example of a 'wicked problem': complex, ill-defined, messy and unsolvable in any traditional sense. Sustainability's lack of tractability raises the interesting question as to how a supply chain or network produces a thing that is beyond conventional notions of definition and structure. The paper develops a general framework for linking supply chain performance to types of knowledge and supply chain governance. The framework draws from knowledge management theory, the resource based theory of the firm, and transactions cost economics. Various types of knowledge are argued to have different levels of strategic value – explicit knowledge has limited strategic value, tacit knowledge has moderate strategic value, and new knowledge has high strategic value. Managing wicked problems requires a type of supply chain governance that creates new knowledge in the context of a broad stakeholder network. This type of governance is called transformational and is contrasted with exchange governance and learning governance. Once developed, the framework is applied to the wicked problem of sustainability, including a case study on one empirical structure being used to manage it. For supply chains and networks, future economic value is likely to demand delivery of more and more complex attributes that will take businesses increasingly into the realm of wicked problems.
A Trial of a Comprehensive Nursing Rehabilitation Program for Nursing Home Residents Post-Hospitalization
Authors: Grando Victoria T. , Buckwalter Kathleen C. , Maas Meridean L. , Brown Marybeth , Rantz Marilyn J. , Conn Vicki S.
Published: January 2010

This pilot study examined the feasibility of implementing a comprehensive nursing rehabilitation program (CNRP) designed to promote the physical functioning of moderately frail nursing home residents post-hospitalization. The 4-week to 8-week CNRP incorporated three interventions: the Capacity Intervention (improving strength and balance), Performance Intervention (fostering daily mobility and activity), and Facilitating Intervention (providing education, support, and stress management). A longitudinal design was used with a convenience sample of 24 moderately frail residents. The CNRP was found to be not practical as designed because the intervention occurred too close to hospital discharge, and many prospective participants did not “feel up” to participating in a voluntary nursing rehabilitation program in addition to other prescribed rehabilitation. Regardless, participants were found to be able to perform the exercises safely and the CNRP was easily implemented in nursing homes. Testing the efficacy of the CNRP with nursing home residents is recommended after the initial post-hospitalization period.
Comparison of Body Composition, Handgrip Strength, Functional Capacity, and Physical Activity in Elderly Koreans and Korean Immigrants
Authors: Sin Mo-Kyung , Choe Myoung-Ae , Kim Jeungim , Chae Young-Ran , Jeon Mi-Yang , Vezeau Toni
Published: January 2010

Immigration to a foreign country has a significant impact on a person's health status and health management behavior. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine body composition (body mass index and muscle area of the mid-upper arm and mid-calf), handgrip strength, functional capacity, and physical activity in elderly Koreans and Korean immigrants. In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 87 elderly Korean immigrants and 294 elderly Koreans were recruited from senior centers and senior apartments in the United States and Korea. Compared with elderly Koreans, elderly Korean immigrants had higher mid-calf muscle area (
p
= 0.06), handgrip strength (
p
= 0.01), and functional capacity (
p
= 0.01) and less physical activity (
p
< 0.01). Older men were more physically active and had more muscle areas, greater handgrip strength, and better functional capacity than older women, whereas older women had higher BMI scores than older men. This study provides motives for the development of health promotion intervention studies (e.g., culturally relevant exercise programs incorporating strength training). Future studies could identify culturally relevant strategies to promote physical activity in elderly Korean immigrants and especially elderly Korean women in both groups.
Notes on Northern Species of Aedes, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Vockeroth J. R.
Published: January 2010

Examination of the types of some species of Aedes has shown that a number of them have been misidentified by later workers. Certain changes of names are unfortunately necessary; these are indicated below. Notes on a few types not involved in this synonymy are included. Descriptions of two new species are also given–one of these has been frequently recorded and described in the literature under the name Aedes impiger (walk.); the other has not previously been described.
Effects of the Weather of the Coldest Month on Winter Mortality of the Lodgepole Needle Miner, Recurvaria sp., in Banff National Park
Authors: Henson W. R. , Stark R. W. , Wellington W. G.
Published: January 2010

In the Canadian Rocky Mountain National Parks, the lodgepole needle miner has a two-year life cycle, so that larvae of each generation are exposed to two successive winters. Although there is no doubt that mortality of these over-wintering larvae is directly attributable to a period of low temperature, there has been some doubt as to whether the bulk of the mortality occurs during the coldest part of the winter, or whether it occurs during periods of low temperature during the late autumn or early spring. Although spring and autumn mortality undoubtedly take place, estimation of the relative importance of mortality during the various seasons must await successive sampling throughout the three seasons. Nevertheless, in the absence of such data, we wish to present evidence that points to the major importance of the weather of the coldest month of the winter to not only the amount but also the vertical distribution of larval mortality.
Trybliographa rapae (Westw.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), A Parasite of Hylemya spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Wishart Geo. , Monteith Elizabeth
Published: January 2010

Observations on the biology of Trybliographa rapae (Westw.) were made as part of a general study, in Canada and Europe, of the biotic factors acting against the maggots of Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), H. floralis (Fall.) [H. crucifera Huck.], and H. cilicrura (Rond.) that attack cruciferous crops. During the study many thousands of host insects from both Canada and Europe were examined and large numbers of both hosts and parasites were reared in the laboratory.
Notes on the Parasites of Neodiprion nanulus Schedl (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Coppel H. C.
Published: January 2010

In collecting sawfly eggs, larvae, and cocoons for propagating beneficial insects at the Belleville laboratory, a heavy infestation of a pine sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus Schedl, was discovered in 1942 nine miles north of Belleville, on a 25-year-old plantation of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait.; Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.; and jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb.

From samples of the eggs collected in the spring of 1943, no parasites emerged.
Damage to Sweet Clover Seed by the Sweetclover Weevil, Sitona cylindricollis Fahr. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Kelleher J. S.
Published: January 2010

Numerous reports have been received from growers in Manitoba and Saskatchewan that the sweetclover weevil, Sitona cylindricollis Fahr., greatly reduces sweet clover seed yields by feeding on the seed or by causing it to drop. It is known that weevil populations are often very high in clover fields
that are left for seed. To determine the amount of damage that might be caused to seed by the weevil, a number of tests were conducted in 1951 and 1952.
Larval Description of Acmaeops proteus (Kby.) (Coleopt., Ceramb.)
Authors: Gardiner L. M.
Published: January 2010

In studying populations of wood-boring beetles in dead trees or logs, it is usually the larval form with which the worker must deal. The various species have different habits and although they may be present in very large numbers, some may do no direct damage to the wood. For any estimate of the existing damage-potential, larval identification is therefore an obvious prerequisite. During recent studies of wood-boring beetles in fire-killed pine in northern Ontario, the larva of Acmaeops proteus was by far the most common encountered, but its identity remained uncertain until a programme of rearing larvae from known adults was carried out. The apparent absence of a published larval description of this, one of the most common cerambycids in our eastern coniferous forests, has prompted the preparation of this brief description.
Spalangia rugosicollis Ashm. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae), a New Parasite of the Onion Maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Mg.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Perron J. P.
Published: January 2010

Early in September, 1953, an examination of 370 first-generation pupae of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Mg.), collected from large field rearing cages at St. Jean, Que., revealed that 41, or 11.1 per cent, were parasitized. The parasite was identified as Spalangia rugosicollis Ashm. Dr. O. Peck, Systematic Entomology Unit, Entomology Division, Ottaiva. Dr. Peck (in litt.) stated that this is the first record of this parasite attacking the onion maggot and thatthe Nearctic species in this genus have been greatly confused.
Studies on Dispersal of Grasshoppers (Acrididae) Tagged with Phosphorus-32
Authors: Riegert P. W. , Fuller R. A. , Putnam L. G.
Published: January 2010

The main objective of the present work was to investigate the ability of grasshopper nymphs to escape an environment devoid of food plants and to reach a suitable food supply, either as a result of random dispersal or by marching. The immediate interest was in movement over recently tilled surfaces. It was also desired to investigate the external factors that might influence such movement.
Chlorotic Spotting of Black Raspberry Induced by the Feeding of Amphorophora rubitoxica Knowlton
Authors: Stace-Smith R.
Published: January 2010

A chlorotic spotting of the foliage of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) is widespread in the coastal regions of British Columbia. The spotting first appears in June and new spots continue to develop during July and August. By mid-July, spotting occurs on virtually all plants, although its incidence varies considerably and, on some plants, only a few leaflets are affected.
A New Black Raspberry Aphid
Authors: Knowlton George F.
Published: January 2010

An apparently undescribed Amphorophora was received from Richard Stace-Smith of the Canada Agriculture Plant Pathology Laboratory, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. This species produced leaf symptoms on Munger black raspberry, Rubus occidentalis, which differed from anything associated with the feeding of Amphorophora rubi (Kaltenbach). An examination was made of the material by Professor M. A. Palmer, Dr. F. C. Hottes and the writer. This failed to place this blackberry aphid as a described species. Therefore, it is here described as new.
A Species of Cephalosporium (Moniliaceae) Causing a Fungous Disease in Larvae of the European Corn Borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.) (Lepidoptera: Pyraustidae)
Authors: Baird R. B.
Published: January 2010

During the summer of 1951, a number of full-grown larvae of the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.), that died while being held in cold storage lor experimental use at the Entomology Laboratory, Chatham, Ontario, were forwarded to the Kingston laboratory for diagnosis. Microscopic examination showed that the dead larvae cnntaincd a hard core of fungous mycelium.
The Eastern North American Subspecies of the Barberry Geometrid (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

Until 1951 the Canadian National Collection of Insects lacked specimens of the barberry geometrid, Coryphista meadi (Packard), from Eastern Canada. In that year Mr. W. E. Whitehead, Macdonald College, Que., forwarded for identification two specimens taken in Kings County, N.S., and on learning of the interest of the record he kindly presented them to the National Collection. In 1952 an outbreak of the species in the Ottawa region caused minor damage to ornamental barberry bushes. Several enquiries about the insect were received, and MacKay (in preparation) studied its life-history.
The Egg and Larva of Coryphista meadi atlantica Munroe (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: MacKay Margaret Rae
Published: January 2010

Eight larvae of the new subspecies Coryphista meadi atlantica Munroe, the barberry geometrid, were reared from eggs. Hatched eggs, first-instar larvae, head capsules of the various instars, one last-instar skin, and seven last-instar larvae were preserved for the present study. The head capsules indicated only four instars. The female adults were identified by Dr. E. G. Munroe, Systematic Entomology Unit, Entomology Division.
A New Genus and Species of Aphidae (Homoptera) on Philadelphus sp.
Authors: MacGillivray M. E.
Published: January 2010

An aphid collected on Philadelphus gordonianus Lindl. at Agassiz, British Columbia, by R. Glendenning was sent to the writer for identification. The specimens could not be determined and extensive examination indicated that a new genus and species of aphid were involved.
Note on the Blow Fly Phaenicia sericata (Mg.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Newfoundland
Authors: Morris Ray F.
Published: January 2010

In October, 1953, an estimated 20 per cent of the sheep in “The Green” section of Bell Island, Conception Bay, Newfoundland, were infested with blowfly larvae. In some instances the infestation was so severe that the sheep died from the attack.

Larvae collected from an infested sheep were reared on Pard (Swift Canadian Company, Toronto) dog food. The flies were considered by Mr. J. F. McAlpine, Systematic Entomology Unit, Entomology Division, Ottawa, to be of Phaenicia sericata (Mg.). Mr. McAlpine (in litt.) hoted that the Newfonndland specimens differed slightly from Hall's concept of P. sericata in colour, degree of pollinosity, and width of from in the male; however, a small series of reared adults was all that was available from Newfoundland and these differences may fall within the limits of variation for such a common, widespread species.
Carabid Beetles from Eastern and Southern Labrador
Authors: Lindroth Carl H.
Published: January 2010

The beetle fauna of Labrador, like the literature dealing with it, is very poor. Besides old records of singlc species and incomplete lists, the only papers of importance are those by Sherman (1910), Brown (1930, 1932), and Eidmann (1935), and only Sherman lists all of the Labrador species known at the time. The fauna of northernmost Labrador is touched upon by Blair (1933) and Brown (1937).
Occurrence of Adults of the Carrot Rust Fly, Psila rosae (Fab.) (Diptera: Psilidae), on Corn Foliage at Bradford, Ontario
Authors: Williams Jane B.
Published: January 2010

Adults of the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Fab.), are difficult to find in the field. Frequently they can be found in light to moderate numbers in some situations, occasionally in large numbers, rarely in moderate to large numbers over a period of several days. Fabricius (1794, p. 356) reported that they were found commonly on flowers in Kiel, Germany. Curtis (1860, p. 405) wrote, “The fly…was named rosae by Fabricius, being found probably sunning itself upon the leaves of rose bushes”. Several British writers observed that the flies were most numerous in the parts of carrot fields sheltered by hedges. Baker et al. (1942) wrote: “Flies were present in small numbers on certain weeds, but in considerable numbers in the hawthorn hedges”. Roebuck (1945), Wilson (1945), Petherbridge et al. (1945), and Wright et al. (1945) made similar observations. Some British writers reported flies on various plants, as follows: Whitehead (1890), on low shrubs near streams and in meadows; Smith (1921), on sallow, oak, and hazel; Petherbridge et al. (1942, 1943, 1945), on wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris) , hemlock (Conium maculatum), nettles, and potatoes; Wilson (1945), on coarse herbage, growing crops (especially potato), weeds (especially nettles); and Wright et al. (1946), on trees, hedges, and ditches with a thick herb covering.
A Larval Population Technique for the Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata (Linn.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae))
Authors: Morris R. F. , Reeks W. A.
Published: January 2010

The winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Linn.), was not known to occur in North America until 1949, when it was first reported from the south shore of Nova Scotia by Hawholdt and Cuming (2) and Smith (4). By that time this introduced species was well established. It is suspected that the winter moth in association with the fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harr.), has been causing considerable defoliation of deciduous tree species in the region since the early 1930's (2). The habits and stages of the winter moth have been described briefly by Smith (S), who also has indicated the important differences between the winter moth and the fall cankerworm (4).
Two New Species of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: Watson W. Y.
Published: January 2010

During the summer of 1948, the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology and Palaeontology sent an expedition to the region of Cape Henrietta Maria on the north-west corner of James Bay, Ontario. Among the insects collected were specimens of two new species of Coccinellidae. Descriptions of these are given here.
North American Species of Streptanus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Beirne Bryan P.
Published: January 2010

There has been much confusion between the North American species of leafhoppers of the genus Streptanus Ribaut, partly because the species are so closely related and partly because the extent of the variation in markings and wing length was not fully appreciated. Four species have been found in North America, of which three hwe been recorded previously. The four are conspecific with species described from Europe, and the specific names that have been applied to North American species must be reduced to synonymy.
An Apparatus for Mounting and Holding Insects
Authors: Heimpel A. M.
Published: January 2010

Occasions frequently arise in entomological work when it is necessary to hold an insect absolutely still in order to operate upon it. A year ago an apparatus was devised for holding sawfly larvae for injection. It has now been improved and is being currently used to hold sawfly larvae quiet while substances are introduced into the midgut, The apparatus, shown in the accompanying figure, consists of a grooved plastic platform with small holes in the base. These holes are connected to a vacuum line. A water pump may be substituted very nicely. The larva can be placed in any position on the platform by lifting it on a stick and pressing it lightly over the holes on the platform. The larva can be freed immediately by releasing the vacuum. As long as the vacuum is regulated carefully, there are no harmful effects upon the larva.
An Outbreak of the Larch Sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)) in the Maritime Provinces (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and the Role of Parasites in its Control
Authors: Reeks W. A.
Published: January 2010

At least four outbreaks of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), have occurred in the Maritime Provinces within the past 70 years. The first (1) occurred from about 1883 to 1885, the second from about 1906 to 1909 (1), and the third from 1919 to 1927. The last outbreak started in 1933 and ended in 1942. Despite extensive sampling by the Forest Insect Survey from 1943 to 1953, only six samples have been taken during this period in the three Maritime Provinces, and each was an isolated colony. Although an ecological study of the insect was not attempted during the latest outbreak, general observations were made by the
writer and other staff members of the Survey. These observations are summarized in the present paper to record the outbreak and some of the factors that contributed to its termination. Another outbreak has persisted in Newfoundland from 1942 and perhaps earlier, but the present discussion is largely confined to events in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island.
A New Genus and New Species of Deltocephaline Leafhoppers from Canada and Alaska (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Beirne Bryan P.
Published: January 2010

The following are descriptions of a new genus and two new species of leafhoppers allied to Streptanus Rib. and Macustus Rib. that have been found in the Subarctic of Alaska and northwest Canada, of a new species of Hardya Edw. from the same region, and of the two new species of Hebecephalus DeL. from the mountains of Western Canada.
New Records of Insects in Canada in 1952: a Review
Authors: MacNay C. G.
Published: January 2010

The number of new records noted in the Canadian Insect Pest Survey in 1952 was somewhat larger than usual and these and others are brought totether for convenient reference in this paper. Canadian sources of information include Survey reports submitted by officers of the Entomology and Forest Biology divisions, provincial entomologists, and other co-operators;The Canadian Insect Pest Review;Annual Report of the Entomological Sociery of Ontario;The Canadian Entomologist;Annales de l'Acfas; andProceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia. A reference to the collection of the leafhopperErythroneura flammigera(Geoffr.) on cherry in British Columbia was noted inScience News Letter, a United States publication, and details of the occurrence were obtained from H. H. Ross of the Illinois Natural History Survey.
A Strain of Bacillus cereus Fr. and Fr. Pathogenic for the Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)
Authors: Heimpel A. M.
Published: January 2010

A strain of Bacillus cereus (Pr-1017) was isolated from dead and dying larvae of the larch sawfly. Laboratory and field feeding tests resulted in mortalities as high as 60 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively.

A positive correlation between the incidence of mortality and the mean daily temperatures was obtained in the field experiments.
Effects of Weather on the Forest Tent Caterpillar Malacosoma disstria Hbn., in Central Canada in the Spring of 1953
Authors: Blais J. R. , Prentice R. M. , Sippell W. L. , Wallace D. R.
Published: January 2010

Sweetman (1940) suggested that unfavourable spring weather is probably the most important natural check for the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosonza disstria Hbn. He observed that warm weather in April or early May that induces hatching, followed by a week or more of cool weather, frequently destroys the caterpillars. Blackman (1918), Tomlinson (1938), and Hodson (1941) have reported similar observations.
History of the Larch Sawfly, with Notes on Origin and Biology,
Authors: Coppel H. C. , Leius K.
Published: January 2010

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichronii (Htg.), is currently considered a major forest insect pest in Canada. At the present time within Canada, the sawfly reacts to parasitism by Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley in two ways. In Manitoba and Saslratchewan the sawfly encapsulates approximately 100 per cent of the parasite eggs deposited, whereas in British Columbia encapsulation rarely exceeds four per cent (Muldrew, 1953). The reasons for the difference in degree of encapsulation are apparently unknown; however, since the origin of the sawfly itself is obscure, the possibility exists that a native species, an introduced species, Or a combination of both may he present, or that geographical or ecological units may have arisen. Studies now under way by officers of the Forest Biology and Entomology divisions are attacking the problem of identity and origin following the pattern established for the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.). In this instance, as with the larch sawfly, parasites were introduced on the assumption that the pest had been introduced from Europe. Critical investigations by Reeks (1941) and Balch, Reeks, and Smith (1941), involving morphological, cytological, and other biological characters, showed that the species occurring in North America was one of two species common in Europe, and previously referred to there as Gilpinia polytoma (Htg.). Balch et al. (1941) showed that D. hercyniae had been introduced into North America.
A Vibration-Resistant Instrument Stand
Authors: Friend W. G.
Published: January 2010

Occasions frequently arise in laboratory work when it is necessary to insulate a delicate piece of apparatus, such as a sensitive balance, from vibration. Various tables designed to eliminate vibration have been described (anonymous). Most of these tables require the attachment of iron supports to a load-bearing wall or the sinking of a support into bed rock. Occasionally the building construction or the type of underlying strata, or both, make such methods of mounting ineffective. The instrument stand shown in Fig. 1 requires no attachments. It consists of rigid table 34 inches high, 30 inches wide, and 18 inches deep. The legs are made from 4 × 4 inch lumber sheathed with cluarter-inch plywood to form hollow sides; these sides are loaded with lead shot, steel stampings, or any other easily handled, heavy material. When loaded, the table weights can easily be rembved through openings at the tops of the hollow sides, under the cover.
Cheesecloth Flight Traps for Insects
Authors: Leech Hugh B.
Published: January 2010

The appearance of an article “Window flight traps for insects” by Chapman and Kinghorn (Can. Ent. 87 (1): 46-47. 1955) suggests that it may be well to describe another flight trap. Specimens taken by it have been labelled “caught in cheesecloth trap”, a statement which is true but perhaps enigmatic.

While on the late Ralph Hopping's staff, the writer built a number of cages for rearing forest insects in southern British Columbia. These cages were all 6 × 6 × 6 ft., each on a cloth covered wooden platform, with a minimum super-structure of 2 × 2 in. lumber to the inside of which cheesecloth was tacked to form an insect-tight enclosure. One entered by a door on the lower part of the north or east side.
On the Identity of the Gunthorp Types (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Geophilidae)
Authors: Crabill Ralph E.
Published: January 2010

In 1913 Horace Gunthorp published his master's thesis, an annotated roster of the virtually unknown myriapod fauna of Kansas. At that time he reported the presence in the state of fourteen millipede and fifteen centipede species and so endeavoured to augment the pioneer work previously undertaken by F. W. Cragin in 1885.

Among the fifteen chilopods recorded in the 1913 paper were three new species, Geophilus dolichocephalus, Arenophilus osborni, and Lithobius kansensis–all names which have gone nearlv unnoticed in subsequent publications dealing with the North American fauna.
Larvae of the Nearctic Species of Anoplonyx (Tenthredinidae, Hymenoptera)
Authors: Wong H. R.
Published: January 2010

Considerable confusion exists concerning the identification of larvae of the genus Anoplonyx in North America. Larvae of two species collected in Eastern Canada have been generally identified as one species, A. laricis (Martatt). A published larval description of the other species, A. canadensis Harrington, is not available. Keen's (1938) published descriptions of the western species (A. occidens Ross and A. laricivorus Rohwer and Middleton) apparently had the wrong association between larvae and adults. This study was undertaken to provide more detailed larval descriptions of nearctic species of Anoplonyx as listed by Ross (1951).