bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress and the Military
Authors: Rohall David E.
Published: February 2014

The military organization represents a microcosm of its host society with its own set of stressors and resources with which to manage those stresses. Military stressors include an array of life demands such as risk of injury or death, geographic mobility, separations, residence in foreign countries, among other things. Outcomes of these demands can include PTSD (post‐traumatic stress disorder) and other disorders. Families help service members cope with the stresses of military life but they too may exhibit mental health problems associated with the stress of military life. In addition, military families may also be a source of worry among service members, exacerbating life problems. Many military organizations provide access to services like counseling or recreational facilities for service members and their families to help them cope with military life.
Employing music exposure to reduce prejudice and discrimination
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias , Schwab Anne
Published: February 2014

Whereas previous research has mainly focused on negative effects of listening to music on intergroup attitudes and behavior, the present three experiments examined whether music exposure could reduce prejudice and discrimination. In fact, those participants who had listened to songs with pro‐integration (relative to neutral) lyrics expressed less prejudice (Studies 1 and 3) and were less aggressive against (Study 2) and more helpful toward an outgroup member (Study 3). These effects were unaffected by song liking as well as mood and arousal properties of the songs employed, suggesting that it is indeed the pro‐integration content of the lyrics that drives the effects. It is discussed to what extent music exposure could be employed to effectively reduce prejudice and discrimination in the real world. Aggr. Behav. 40:542–551, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural and Biochemical Modification of a Collagen Scaffold to Selectively Enhance MSC Tenogenic, Chondrogenic, and Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Caliari Steven R. , Harley Brendan A. C.
Published: February 2014

Biomaterial approaches for engineering orthopedic interfaces such as the tendon‐bone junction (TBJ) are limited by a lack of understanding of how insoluble (microstructure, composition) and soluble regulators of stem cell fate work in concert to promote bioactivity and differentiation. One strategy for regenerating the interface is to design biomaterials containing spatially graded structural properties sufficient to induce divergent mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation into multiple interface‐specific phenotypes. This work explores the hypothesis that selective structural modification to a 3D collagen–glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffold combined with biochemical supplementation can drive human bone‐marrow‐derived MSC differentiation down tenogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Tenogenic differentiation is enhanced in geometrically anisotropic scaffolds versus a standard isotropic control. Notably, blebbistatin treatment abrogates this microstructurally driven effect. Further, enhanced osteogenic differentiation and new mineral synthesis are achieved by incorporation of a calcium phosphate mineral phase within the CG scaffold along with the use of osteogenic induction media. Finally, chondrogenic differentiation is optimally driven by combining chondrogenic induction media with a reduced density scaffold that promotes increased cellular condensation, significantly higher expression of chondrogenic genes, and increased GAG deposition. Together these data provide critical insight regarding design rules for elements of an integrated biomaterial platform for orthopedic interface regeneration.
Film Structure of Epitaxial Graphene Oxide on SiC: Insight on the Relationship Between Interlayer Spacing, Water Content, and Intralayer Structure
Authors: Zhou S. , Kim S. , Di Gennaro E. , Hu Y. , Gong C. , Lu X. , Berger C. , de Heer W. , Riedo E. , Chabal Y. J. , Aruta C. , Bongiorno A.
Published: February 2014

Chemical oxidation of multilayer graphene grown on silicon carbide yields films exhibiting reproducible characteristics, lateral uniformity, smoothness over large areas, and manageable chemical complexity, thereby opening opportunities to accelerate both fundamental understanding and technological applications of this form of graphene oxide films. Here, we investigate the vertical inter‐layer structure of these ultra‐thin oxide films. X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and IR experiments show that the multilayer films exhibit excellent inter‐layer registry, little amount (<10%) of intercalated water, and unexpectedly large interlayer separations of about 9.35 Å. Density functional theory calculations show that the apparent contradiction of “little water but large interlayer spacing in the graphene oxide films” can be explained by considering a multilayer film formed by carbon layers presenting, at the nanoscale, a non‐homogenous oxidation, where non‐oxidized and highly oxidized nano‐domains coexist and where a few water molecules trapped between oxidized regions of the stacked layers are sufficient to account for the observed large inter‐layer separations. This work sheds light on both the vertical and intra‐layer structure of graphene oxide films grown on silicon carbide, and more in general, it provides novel insight on the relationship between inter‐layer spacing, water content, and structure of graphene/graphite oxide materials.
Palladium‐Catalyzed CS Activation/Aryne Insertion/Coupling Sequence: Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Quinolinones
Authors: Dong Ying , Liu Bangyu , Chen Peng , Liu Qun , Wang Mang
Published: February 2014

The insertion of an aryne into a CS bond can suppress the addition of an S nucleophile to the aryne in the presence of palladium. Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2, a wide range of α‐carbamoyl ketene dithioacetals readily react with arynes to selectively afford functionalized 2‐quinolinones in high yields under neutral reaction conditions by a CS activation/aryne insertion/intramolecular coupling sequence. The attractive feature of the new strategy also lies in the versatile transformations of the alkythio‐substituted quinolinone products.
Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Oxime Acetates with Sodium Sulfinates: An Efficient Synthesis of Sulfone Derivatives
Authors: Tang Xiaodong , Huang Liangbin , Xu Yanli , Yang Jidan , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: February 2014

Sulfone derivatives are important synthetic intermediates. However, the general method for their preparation is through traditional coupling reaction: the alkylation of sodium sulfinates with phenacyl halides. Based on our previous work on sodium sulfinates and oxime acetates, we herein report a novel method for sulfone derivatives by oxidative coupling with sodium sulfinates and oxime acetates using copper as catalyst. The sulfonylvinylamine products could be formed in excellent yields. Upon hydrolysis by silica gel in CH2Cl2, β‐ketosulfones could also be efficiently constructed. Various sulfonylvinylamines and β‐ketosulfones were obtained in good to excellent yields under the optimized reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that this transformation involved copper‐catalyzed NO bond cleavage, activation of a vinyl sp2 CH bond, and CS bond formation. The oxime acetates act as both a substrate and an oxidant, thus the reaction needs no additional oxidants or additives.
All Organic Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Na4C8H2O6
Authors: Wang Shiwen , Wang Lijiang , Zhu Zhiqiang , Hu Zhe , Zhao Qing , Chen Jun
Published: February 2014

Developing organic compounds with multifunctional groups to be used as electrode materials for rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries is very important. The organic tetrasodium salt of 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid (Na4DHTPA; Na4C8H2O6), which was prepared through a green one‐pot method, was investigated at potential windows of 1.6–2.8 V as the positive electrode or 0.1–1.8 V as the negative electrode (vs. Na+/Na), each delivering compatible and stable capacities of ca. 180 mAh g−1 with excellent cycling. A combination of electrochemical, spectroscopic and computational studies revealed that reversible uptake/removal of two Na+ ions is associated with the enolate groups at 1.6–2.8 V (Na2C8H2O6/Na4C8H2O6) and the carboxylate groups at 0.1–1.8 V (Na4C8H2O6/Na6C8H2O6). The use of Na4C8H2O6 as the initial active materials for both electrodes provided the first example of all‐organic rocking‐chair SIBs with an average operation voltage of 1.8 V and a practical energy density of about 65 Wh kg−1.
Cationic Ir/Me‐BIPAM‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Direct Hydroarylation of α‐Ketoamides
Authors: Shirai Tomohiko , Ito Hajime , Yamamoto Yasunori
Published: February 2014

Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α‐ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84–98 % ee). This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)2](BArF4) and the chiral O‐linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)‐Me‐BIPAM.
Where your photo is taken: Geolocation prediction for social images
Authors: Liu Bo , Yuan Quan , Cong Gao , Xu Dong
Published: February 2014

Social image‐sharing websites have attracted a large number of users. These systems allow users to associate geolocation information with their images, which is essential for many interesting applications. However, only a small fraction of social images have geolocation information. Thus, an automated tool for suggesting geolocation is essential to help users geotag their images. In this article, we use a large data set consisting of 221 million Flickr images uploaded by 2.2 million users. For the first time, we analyze user uploading patterns, user geotagging behaviors, and the relationship between the taken‐time gap and the geographical distance between two images from the same user. Based on the findings, we represent a user profile by historical tags for the user and build a multinomial model on the user profile for geotagging. We further propose a unified framework to suggest geolocations for images, which combines the information from both image tags and the user profile. Experimental results show that for images uploaded by users who have never done geotagging, our method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art method by 10.6 to 34.2%, depending on the granularity of the prediction. For images from users who have done geotagging, a simple method is able to achieve very high accuracy.
Application of the 3′‐noncoding region of poliovirus RNA for cell‐based regulation of mRNA stability: Implication for biotechnological applications
Authors: Rasekhian Mahsa , Roohvand Farzin , Teimoori‐Toolabi Ladan , Amini Safieh , Azadmanesh Kayhan
Published: February 2014

Enrichment of production yield of therapeutic proteins in mammalian cell cultures by modulation of the mRNA stability of the target protein to increase its in vivo half‐life is a new strategy in biotechnological applications. The present article describes one of the most novel approaches to modulate mRNA stability by application of 3′‐noncoding region (3′NCR) from RNA viral genome in the expression constructs. Our data indicated that although utilizing the 3′NCR sequence form poliovirus (PV‐3′NCR) downstream of the target gene might generally stabilize the secondary structure of RNA, it influenced the mRNA stability (and thereby the amount of protein production) in a cell type and time‐dependent manner, thus indicating a central role of mRNA‐stabilizing binding sites/cellular factors in this process. Our data might be of interest to the biotechnology community to improve recombinant protein production in mammalian cell cultures and RNA‐based therapy/vaccination approaches.
Variable selection in large margin classifier‐based probability estimation with high‐dimensional predictors
Authors: Shin Seung Jun , Wu Yichao
Published: February 2014

This is a discussion of the papers: “Probability estimation with machine learning methods for dichotomous and multicategory outcome: Theory” by Jochen Kruppa, Yufeng Liu, Gérard Biau, Michael Kohler, Inke R. König, James D. Malley, and Andreas Ziegler; and “Probability estimation with machine learning methods for dichotomous and multicategory outcome: Applications” by Jochen Kruppa, Yufeng Liu, Hans‐Christian Diener, Theresa Holste, Christian Weimar, Inke R. König, and Andreas Ziegler.
Validation of a fully integrated platform and disposable microfluidic chips enabling parallel purification of genome segments for assembly
Authors: Kersaudy‐Kerhoas M. , Amalou F. , Che A. , Kelly J. , Liu Y. , Desmulliez M.P.Y. , Shu W.
Published: February 2014

Recent progress in the field of genetic engineering has opened up the door to novel synthetic biology applications. Microfluidic technology has been emphasized as a key technology to support the development of these applications. While several important synthetic biology protocols have been developed in microfluidic format, no study has yet demonstrated on‐chip error control. In synthetic biology protocols, the purification phase is a critical error control process which enhances the reliability of the genome segment assembly by removing undesired oligos. In this context, we report the design and characterization of a fully integrated platform, demonstrating the purification of up to 4 genome segments in parallel, prior to their off‐chip assembly. The key innovation of this platform is the decoupling control strategy which eliminates the need to integrate expensive components onto the microfluidic device, enabling lower cost, disposability and rapid operation. Unlike most microfluidic chips where fluid connector plugs are needed to connect external pumps, this approach is plug‐less and the chips are simply connected to the control breadboard by clamping. Furthermore the passive chip is isolated from the active control layer thereby eliminating the risk of sample‐to‐sample contamination in the reusable parts. As a validation of this fully‐integrated system, the parallel on‐chip purification of genome segments was demonstrated with ratio of correct phenotypes after final assembly up to 20% superior to the bench controls, proving thereby the suitability of the platform for synthetic biology applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1627–1637. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized clinical trial of selective versus routine preoperative duplex ultrasound imaging before arteriovenous fistula surgery
Authors: Smith G E , Barnes R , Chetter I C
Published: February 2014

Background

Anatomical suitability for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation was formerly determined by clinical examination alone. There are potential benefits from imaging to assess anatomical suitability. Existing studies examined the role of routine preoperative ultrasonography versus clinical examination alone. The role of a selective duplex ultrasound imaging policy is unknown. This study aimed to compare a policy of selective versus routine ultrasound assessment before AVF formation.

Methods

All patients referred for fistula formation were assessed for inclusion. Suitable patients were randomized to either routine or selective preoperative ultrasound imaging; selective imaging was performed only when clinical criteria were not met. The primary outcome measures were site of AVF formation and 30-day primary failure rate, and secondary outcome measures included the rate of complications.

Results

A total of 106 patients were assessed, and 94 were randomized: 47 to selective and 47 to routine duplex ultrasonography. The groups were well matched for age, co-morbidities and medications. The primary failure rate (29 per cent overall) was not significantly different between the selective and routine imaging groups: 36 per cent (14 of 39) and 21 per cent (8 of 38) respectively (P = 0·144). There were no significant differences in the sites of AVF formation or complication rates.

Conclusion

Routine preoperative ultrasound vessel imaging did not significantly reduce early failure rates, influence the site of AVF formation or reduce complications. If clinical evaluation detects anatomy suitable for AVF formation, duplex imaging may not be needed. Registration number: NCT01004627 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Discrepancies between medical oncologists and surgeons in assessment of resectability and indication for chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Homayounfar K , Bleckmann A , Helms H-J , Lordick F , Rüschoff J , Conradi L-C , Sprenger T , Ghadimi M , Liersch T
Published: February 2014

Background

Multidisciplinary discussion of the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is advocated currently. The aim of this study was to investigate medical oncologists' and surgeons' assessment of resectability and indication for chemotherapy, and the effect of an educational intervention on such assessment.

Methods

Medical histories of 30 patients with CRLM were presented to ten experienced medical oncologists and 11 surgeons at an initial virtual tumour board meeting (TB1). Treatment recommendations were obtained from each participant by voting for standardized answers. Following lectures on the potential of chemotherapy and surgery, assessment was repeated at a second virtual tumour board meeting (TB2), using the same patients and participants.

Results

Overall, 630 answers (21 × 30) were obtained per tumour board meeting. At TB1, resectability was expected more frequently by surgeons. Participants changed 56·8 per cent of their individual answers at TB2. Assessment shifted from potentially resectable to resectable CRLM in 81 of 161 and from unresectable to (potentially) resectable CRLM in 29 of 36 answers. Preoperative chemotherapy was indicated more often by medical oncologists, and overall was included in 260 answers (41·3 per cent) at TB1, compared with only 171 answers (27·1 per cent) at TB2. Medical oncologists more often changed their decision to primary resection in resectable patients (P = 0·006). Postoperative chemotherapy was included in 51·9 and 52·4 per cent of all answers at TB1 and TB2 respectively, with no difference in changes between medical oncologists and surgeons (P = 0·980).

Conclusion

Resectability and indication for preoperative chemotherapy were assessed differently by medical oncologists and surgeons. The educational intervention resulted in more patients deemed resectable by both oncologists and surgeons, and less frequent indication for chemotherapy.
The prevalence of the sesamoid bones of the hand: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yammine Kaissar
Published: February 2014

The literature contains various estimates of the prevalence and distribution of the sesamoid bones in the hands. The aims of this systematic review are to provide a better estimate of the frequency of hand sesamoids and its association with variables such as ancestry, gender, and side. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled rates of the sensitive meta‐analyses from large‐sample studies in adults showed: (a) true overall rates of 99.9% for the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb (MCP‐I), 53% for the interphalangeal joint (IP‐I), 43.4% for the MCP of the index (MCP‐II), 1.47% for the MCP of the medius finger (MCP‐III), 0.6% for the MCP of the ring finger (MCP‐IV), and 67.7% for the MCP of the auricular finger (MCP‐V); (b) true radiological rates of 99.9% for the radial thumb sesamoid, 99.6% for the ulnar thumb sesamoid, 47.8% for IP‐I, 40% for MCP‐II, 1.3% for MCP‐III, 0.8% for MCP‐VI, and 62.8% for MCP‐V. Black, Middle Eastern, and European ancestries conferred significantly higher sesamoid frequencies at IP‐I, MCP‐II, and MCP‐V, respectively. There was a significant association with female gender at MCP‐II, MCP‐IV, and MCP‐V, with ORs of 1.53, 4, and 1.3, respectively, and a nonsignificant “female” trend for the other locations. There was no significant association with hand side. The pooled rates of hand sesamoids in children aged 10–17 years were 92.7, 42.2, 33.8, 0.5, 0.3, and 36.5% for MCP‐I, IP‐I, MCP‐II, MCP‐III, MCP‐IV, and MCP‐V, respectively. The findings of this evidence‐based anatomical review provide quantitative evidence that the incidence of sesamoid bones in human hands depends on genetic rather than functional factors. Clin. Anat. 27:1291–1303, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Image‐based method to measure and characterize shim‐induced eddy current fields
Authors: Bhogal Alex , Versluis Maarten , Koonen Jos , Siero Jeroen C.W. , Boer Vincent O. , Klomp Dennis , Luijten Peter R. , Hoogduin Hans
Published: February 2014

Dynamic magnetic field shimming is gaining interest for field sensitive MRI acquisitions. Using slice based or real‐time shim updating, significant improvements in static field (B0) uniformity can be obtained. While the ability to rapidly switch shim fields can improve overall B0 homogeneity, it induces eddy current fields that must be characterized and compensated for. Methods used to achieve this have thus far been based on linear projection spin echo sequences or field probe assemblies. Here, a novel image‐based method is presented to measure and characterize eddy current fields without the need for field probes or projection based measurements. This technique can be extended to characterize very high order spherical harmonic fields, making it a useful tool to calibrate next‐generation shim systems implementing dynamic field steering with greater than third order shim terms. Results are used to calibrate a Dynamic Shim Updating unit for pre‐emphasis and eddy current compensation. Three‐dimensional datasets are acquired at multiple MR facilities containing complete spatiotemporal field information to compensate eddy current field self‐ and cross‐terms for up to third order. Furthermore, simulation studies are performed to investigate the effect of scan resolution and phantom size with respect to accurate eddy current field characterization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 42A: 245–260, 2013.
Structures of Medium‐Sized Ruthenium Clusters: The Octahedral Motif
Authors: Waldt Eugen , Ahlrichs Reinhart , Kappes Manfred M. , Schooss Detlef
Published: February 2014

We describe the first direct structural characterization of medium‐sized ruthenium clusters (Ru19−, Ru28−, Ru38−, and Ru44−) by using a combination of trapped ion electron diffraction and density functional theory. We find close‐packed structures based on octahedral geometries: Ru19− and Ru44− are closed‐shell octahedra whereas Ru28− is a double octahedron. In the case of Ru38−, instead of a truncated octahedron we obtain evidence for lower symmetry structures containing a reentrant surface.
Hydrolysis of Oligosaccharides Over Solid Acid Catalysts: A Review
Authors: Vilcocq Léa , Castilho Paula C. , Carvalheiro Florbela , Duarte Luís C.
Published: February 2014

Mild fractionation/pretreatment processes are becoming the most preferred choices for biomass processing within the biorefinery framework. To further explore their advantages, new developments are needed, especially to increase the extent of the hydrolysis of poly‐ and oligosaccharides. A possible way forward is the use of solid acid catalysts that may overcome many current drawbacks of other common methods. In this Review, the advantages and limitations of the use of heterogeneous catalysis for the main groups of solid acid catalysts (zeolites, resins, carbon materials, clays, silicas, and other oxides) and their relation to the hydrolysis of model soluble disaccharides and soluble poly‐ and oligosaccharides are presented and discussed. Special attention is given to the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and hemicellulose‐derived saccharides into monosaccharides, the impact on process performance of potential catalyst poisons originating from biomass and biomass hydrolysates (e.g., proteins, mineral ions, etc.). The data clearly point out the need for studying hemicelluloses in natura rather than in model compound solutions that do not retain the relevant factors influencing process performance. Furthermore, the desirable traits that solid acid catalysts must possess for the efficient hemicellulose hydrolysis are also presented and discussed with regard to the design of new catalysts.
Role of Ultrathin Metal Fluoride Layer in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Mechanism of Efficiency and Lifetime Enhancement
Authors: Lim Kyung‐Geun , Choi Mi‐Ri , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Kim Dong Hun , Jung Gwan Ho , Park Yongsup , Lee Jong‐Lam , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: February 2014

Although rapid progress has been made recently in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, systematic studies on an ultrathin interfacial layer at the electron extraction contact have not been conducted in detail, which is important to improve both the device efficiency and the lifetime. We find that an ultrathin BaF2 layer at the electron extraction contact strongly influences the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) as the nanomorphology evolves with increasing BaF2 thickness. A vacuum‐deposited ultrathin BaF2 layer grows by island growth, so BaF2 layers with a nominal thickness less than that of single‐coverage layer (≈3 nm) partially cover the polymeric photoactive layer. As the nominal thickness of the BaF2 layer increased to that of a single‐coverage layer, the Voc and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) increased but the short‐circuit current remained almost constant. The fill factor and the PCE decreased abruptly as the thickness of the BaF2 layer exceeded that of a single‐coverage layer, which was ascribed to the insulating nature of BaF2. We find the major cause of the increased Voc observed in these devices is the lowered work function of the cathode caused by the reaction and release of Ba from thin BaF2 films upon deposition of Al. The OPV device with the BaF2 layer showed a slightly improved maximum PCE (4.0 %) and a greatly (approximately nine times) increased device half‐life under continuous simulated solar irradiation at 100 mW cm−2 as compared with the OPV without an interfacial layer (PCE=2.1 %). We found that the photodegradation of the photoactive layer was not a major cause of the OPV degradation. The hugely improved lifetime with cathode interface modification suggests a significant role of the cathode interfacial layer that can help to prolong device lifetimes.
DSM‐5 eating disorders and other specified eating and feeding disorders: Is there a meaningful differentiation?
Authors: Fairweather‐Schmidt A. Kate , Wade Tracey D.
Published: February 2014

Objective

In the DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria for eating disorders, two main groups appear, threshold eating disorders (TED; anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder), and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED). In addition to calculating prevalence of these two groups, we examined the degree to which they could be differentiated in terms of impairment and risk factors.

Method

Adolescent female twins (N = 699) were interviewed with the Eating Disorder Examination on three occasions spanning 12.70–19.84 years of age. Assessments also included self‐report measures related to impairment and risk.

Results

Prevalence of DSM‐5 ED in this adolescent population was 10.4%; 5.4% for TED and 5% for OSFED. Impairment levels did not distinguish TED and OSFED groups at any wave. Examination of latent risk factors showed TED and OSFED groups to share a common genetic basis; however, largely nonoverlapping unique environmental influences contributed to the two groups. Specific risk factors commonly differentiated the no ED and TED groups, but not OSFED.

Discussion

The findings suggest that TED and OSFED groups cannot be discriminated by prevalence or impairment or genetic risk factors. It is anticipated that OSFED will possess limited clinical utility for adolescents. Future research should examine clinical cases of these two groups in terms of meaningful differences, and a research focus should be maintained on both groups. Further examination of specific environmental risk factors that may attenuate the level of symptoms between the two groups may provide useful information for prevention efforts. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:524–533)
Commercial Screen‐Printed Gold Electrodes for the Detection and Quantification of Aminothiols in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Cavanillas Santiago , Serrano Núria , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Ariño Cristina , Esteban Miquel
Published: February 2014

In order to show the possibilities of screen‐printed electrodes in HPLC detection, a method is presented for routine quantification of aminothiols in human plasma. It uses commercial gold screen‐printed electrodes and provides a rapid, simple and economical procedure with a disposable detector and without any additional electrode. By working at 98 : 2 (0.05 % trifluoroacetic acid: methanol) and 0.9 V, it allows us to determine cysteine (Cys), cysteinyl‐glycine (Cys‐Gly), and homocysteine (HCys) at μmol/L levels. The method was validated, and linearity range, detection and quantification limits, precision and accuracy were evaluated by external calibration and by using N‐acetylcysteine as internal standard, which exhibited better precision.
Highly sensitive detection of cancer cells based on the DNA barcode assay and microcapillary electrophoretic analysis
Authors: Chung Soyi , Cho Minkyung , Hwan Jung Jae , Seok Seo Tae
Published: February 2014

Considering rarity of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in human blood, the development of highly sensitive detection techniques for cancer cells is crucial for prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of cancers. In this study, we propose an advanced cellular detection method by combining a biobarcode assay and microcapillary electrophoresis (μCE) technology. While the DNA biobarcode assay can provide ultrasensitive and multiplex detection platforms, the μCE chip can analyze barcode DNAs with high speed and accuracy according to the DNA size. We designed the barcode DNA size as 20 bp for indicating the expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) biomarkers and 30 bp for assigning CDX2 expression which is specific for colorectal cancer cells with addition to two bracket ladders (15 and 45 bp). Using MCF‐7 (breast cancer) and SW620 (colorectal cancer) as models, we conducted a biobarcode assay and analyzed the resultant biobarcode DNA on the μCE chip. We could detect the 20 bp CE peak in the electropherogram even with ten MCF‐7 and SW620 cells in a volume of 200 μL, thereby demonstrating the highly sensitive detection of cancer cells. We furthermore identified the type of colorectal cancer by observing two positive peaks (20 bp for EpCAM and 30 bp for CDX2) in the μCE analysis.
Quantification and modeling of foot trail surface erosion in a dry sub‐tropical setting
Authors: Ramos‐Scharrón Carlos E. , Reale‐Munroe Kynoch , Atkinson Scott C.
Published: February 2014

Anthropogenic disturbance often increases surface erosion and this may have potential detrimental effects on downstream aquatic resources. Foot trails are often overlooked as they represent only a small fragment of the landscape, yet they can be important sources of sediment, particularly in pristine areas. The trail network above East End Bay on the island of St Croix in the US Virgin Islands is the sole anthropogenic source of terrestrial sediment in the area. Concern over the potential for trail erosion to stress nearshore coral reefs of the East End Marine Park led to trail reconstruction and restoration efforts. The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify trail erosion rates; (2) identify key factors controlling erosion rates; (3) develop an empirical trail erosion model. Sediment production was measured from 12 trail segments with sediment traps from November 2009 to October 2011.

Annual trail erosion rates ranged from 0.6 to 81 Mg ha−1 yr−1. The lower values were from abandoned trails with a dense vegetation cover, while the highest rates were associated with devegetated trails immediately following construction or restoration. Trail erosion was a function of rainfall, slope, and vegetation cover density raised to the negative 1.7th power. Annual trail erosion rates were one‐ to three‐orders of magnitude higher than measured surface erosion rates on undisturbed hillslopes. The absence of rills or gullies suggests that traditional parametric or repeated transect monitoring commonly used to assess trail erosion may greatly underestimate actual sediment production rates. The new empirical trail erosion model serves as a tool to assess the effects of trail construction and restoration activities in the generation of sediment from small catchments in East End Bay and in other similar settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Currency Overlay for Global Equity Portfolios: Cross‐Hedging and Base Currency
Authors: Opie Wei , Dark Jonathan
Published: February 2014

The effectiveness of a currency overlay hedge for a global equity portfolio can be significantly affected by changes in the base currency. Base currency changes have no significant effect on the hedged portfolio risk; however, they may substantially increase or decrease risk relative to the unhedged position. Australian (AUD) and Canadian (CAD) forwards provide effective cross‐hedging, particularly in combination with one or two other currency hedges. Hedge effectiveness is significantly improved by allowing for natural hedges via a dynamic approach that captures structural change and permits under‐hedging of currency exposures. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:186–200, 2015
HCV Genotype 3 Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Cancer in a National Sample of U.S. Veterans With HCV
Authors: Kanwal Fasiha , Kramer Jennifer R. , Ilyas Jawad , Duan Zhigang , El-Serag Hashem B.
Published: February 2014

Data show that viral genotype 1 may increase the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to genotype 2 in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the effect of HCV genotype 3 on cirrhosis and HCC risk is uncertain. We identified patients with active HCV infection, confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a known HCV genotype, from the VA HCV Clinical Case Registry between 2000 and 2009. We examined the effect of HCV genotype on the risk of cirrhosis and HCC in a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for patients' age, period of service (World War I/II, Vietnam era, post-Vietnam era), race, gender, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, alcohol use, diabetes, body mass index, and antiviral treatment receipt. Of the 110,484 patients with active HCV viremia, 88,348 (79.9%) had genotype 1, 13,077 (11.8%) genotype 2, 8,337 (7.5%) genotype 3, and 1,082 (0.9%) patients had genotype 4 infection. Despite being younger, patients with genotype 3 had a higher risk of developing cirrhosis (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-1.50) and HCC (unadjusted HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.48-1.85) than HCV genotype 1 patients. After adjustment for prespecified demographic, clinical, and antiviral treatment factors, the risk of cirrhosis and HCC was 31% (adjusted HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.22-1.39) and 80% (adjusted HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.61-2.03) higher in patients with genotype 3 compared to genotype 1 infected patients.

Conclusion :

HCV genotype 3 is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing cirrhosis and HCC compared to HCV genotype 1. This association is independent of patients' age, diabetes, body mass index, or antiviral treatment. (Hepatology 2014;60:98–105)
Categorisation salience and ingroup bias: The buffering role of a multicultural ideology
Authors: Costa‐Lopes Rui , Pereira Cícero Roberto , Judd Charles M.
Published: February 2014

The current work sought to test the moderating role of a multicultural ideology on the relationship between categorisation salience and ingroup bias. Accordingly, in one experimental study, we manipulated categorisation salience and the accessibility of a multicultural ideology, and measured intergroup attitudes. Results show that categorisation salience only leads to ingroup bias when a multiculturalism (MC) ideology is not made salient. Thus, MC ideology attenuates the negative effects of categorisation salience on ingroup bias. These results pertain to social psychology in general showing that the cognitive processes should be construed within the framework of ideological contexts.
SUMOylation Attenuates the Transcriptional Activity of the NF‐κB Subunit RelB
Authors: Leidner Julia , Voogdt Cornelia , Niedenthal Rainer , Möller Peter , Marienfeld Uta , Marienfeld Ralf B.
Published: February 2014

The NF‐κB subunit RelB is known to act either as an activator or repressor of NF‐κB‐dependent gene expression. The RelB–p52 heterodimer, for instance, is the key element of the alternative NF‐κB signaling pathway supporting the expression of a subset of NF‐κB target genes. By contrast, RelB is crucial for the repression of important pro‐inflammatory cytokines like TNFα or interleukin 1β. Despite accumulating reports describing the functional variability of RelB, the molecular mechanisms underlying these divergent functions are still unknown. One potential explanation could be a functional reprogramming of RelB by different post‐translational modifications. Here, we demonstrate that SUMOylation of RelB might be one of these post‐translational modifications rendering the function of the NF‐κB transcription factor RelB. In vivo SUMOylation analyses using either the UBC9‐fusion‐directed SUMOylation method or endogenous proteins from Namalwa B cells revealed that RelB is modified by either SUMO1 or SUMO2 attachment at various sites. Functional studies suggest that SUMOylation converts RelB into a transcriptional repressor. For instance, a SUMO1‐RelB fusion protein mimicking RelB‐SUMOylation displayed a reduced transcriptional activity in comparison to wild type RelB. Consistently, inactivation of specific SUMOylation sites in the central part of RelB augmented the transcription activity of the corresponding RelB mutant. Taken together, our data suggest that SUMOylation might be a potential molecular mechanism involved in reprogramming RelB, thus contributing to its functional diversity. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1430–1440, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of anacetrapib, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, do not prolong the QTcF interval in healthy volunteers
Authors: Lauring Brett , Liu Yang , Li Xiujiang (Susie) , Larson Patrick , Moreau Allison , Farmer H. Frank , Johnson‐Levonas Amy O. , Wagner John A. , Lai Eseng
Published: February 2014

Anacetrapib is a cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor in Phase III development. This double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized, placebo‐ and active‐comparator‐controlled, 4‐period, balanced crossover study evaluated the effects of anacetrapib (100 mg and 800 mg) on QTcF interval in healthy subjects. QTcF measurements were made up to 24 h following administration of single doses of anacetrapib 100 or 800 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg, or placebo in the fed state. The primary hypothesis was supported if the 90% CI for the least squares (LS) mean differences between anacetrapib 800 mg and placebo in QTcF interval change from baseline were entirely <10 msec at every post‐dose time point (1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h). The upper bounds of the 90% CIs for LS mean differences from placebo in changes from baseline in QTcF intervals for anacetrapib 100 and 800 mg were <5 msec at every time point. In conclusion, single doses of anacetrapib 100 and 800 mg do not prolong the QTcF interval to a clinically meaningful degree relative to placebo and are generally well tolerated in healthy subjects.
Postendoscopic duodenal hematoma in children: Ultrasound diagnosis and follow‐up
Authors: Dumitriu Dana , Menten Renaud , Smets Françoise , Clapuyt Philippe
Published: February 2014

Intramural duodenal hematomas have most frequently been reported in children in a traumatic setting. We present two cases of duodenal hematoma that occurred after upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy with biopsy in children without significant prior medical history. The diagnosis was made by ultrasound, in correlation with the clinical presentation. Because the patients were hemodynamically stable, they were treated conservatively and the regression of the hematoma was followed up with ultrasound until its complete resolution. These cases demonstrate the risks of endoscopy, which are not to be neglected even in children without impaired coagulation, and the manner in which ultrasound can provide the correct diagnosis and follow‐up. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:550–553, 2014
Establishing advanced practice for medical imaging in New Zealand
Authors: Yielder Jill , Young Adrienne , Park Shelley , Coleman Karen
Published: February 2014

Introduction

This article presents the outcome and recommendations following the second stage of a role development project conducted on behalf of the New Zealand Institute of Medical Radiation Technology (NZIMRT). The study sought to support the development of profiles and criteria that may be used to formulate Advanced Scopes of Practice for the profession. It commenced in 2011, following on from initial research that occurred between 2005 and 2008 investigating role development and a possible career structure for medical radiation technologists (MRTs) in New Zealand (NZ).

Methods

The study sought to support the development of profiles and criteria that could be used to develop Advanced Scopes of Practice for the profession through inviting 12 specialist medical imaging groups in NZ to participate in a survey.

Results

Findings showed strong agreement on potential profiles and on generic criteria within them; however, there was less agreement on specific skills criteria within specialist areas.

Conclusions

The authors recommend that one Advanced Scope of Practice be developed for Medical Imaging, with the establishment of generic and specialist criteria. Systems for approval of the overall criteria package for any individual Advanced Practitioner (AP) profile, audit and continuing professional development requirements need to be established by the Medical Radiation Technologists Board (MRTB) to meet the local needs of clinical departments. It is further recommended that the NZIMRT and MRTB promote and support the need for an AP pathway for medical imaging in NZ.
Susceptibility‐based analysis of dynamic gadolinium bolus perfusion MRI
Authors: Bonekamp David , Barker Peter B. , Leigh Richard , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Li Xu
Published: February 2014

Purpose

An algorithm is developed for the reconstruction of dynamic, gadolinium (Gd) bolus MR perfusion images of the human brain, based on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods

The method is evaluated in five perfusion scans obtained from four different patients scanned at 3 Tesla, and compared with the conventional analysis based on changes in the transverse relaxation rate ΔR2* and to theoretical predictions. QSM images were referenced to ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for each dynamic of the perfusion sequence.

Results

Images of cerebral blood flow and blood volume were successfully reconstructed from the QSM‐analysis, and were comparable to those reconstructed using ΔR2*. The magnitudes of the Gd‐associated susceptibility effects in gray and white matter were consistent with theoretical predictions.

Conclusion

QSM‐based analysis may have some theoretical advantages compared with ΔR2*, including a simpler relationship between signal change and Gd concentration. However, disadvantages are its much lower contrast‐to‐noise ratio, artifacts due to respiration and other effects, and more complicated reconstruction methods. More work is required to optimize data acquisition protocols for QSM‐based perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 73:544–554, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of multiple‐breath washout equipment for infants and young children
Authors: Schmidt Anne , Yammine Sophie , Proietti Elena , Frey Urs , Latzin Philipp , Riedel Thomas , Singer Florian
Published: February 2014

Introduction

The new ATS/ERS consensus report recommends in vitro validation of multiple‐breath inert gas washout (MBW) equipment based on a lung model with simulated physiologic conditions. We aimed to assess accuracy of two MBW setups for infants and young children using this model, and to compare functional residual capacity (FRC) from helium MBW (FRCMBW) with FRC from plethysmography (FRCpleth) in vivo.

Methods

The MBW setups were based on ultrasonic flow meter technology. Sulfur hexafluoride and helium were used as tracer gases. We measured FRC in vitro for specific model settings with and without carbon dioxide and calculated differences of measured to generated FRC. For in vivo evaluation, difference between FRCMBW and FRCpleth was calculated in 20 healthy children, median age 6.1 years. Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated per FRC.

Results

In the infant model (51 runs, FRC 80–300 ml), mean (SD) relative difference between generated and measured FRCs was 0.7 (4.7) %, median CV was 4.4% for measured FRCs. In the young child model, one setting (8 runs, FRC 400 ml) showed a relative difference of up to 13%. For the remaining FRCs (42 runs, FRC 600–1,400 ml), mean (SD) relative difference was −2.0 (3.4) %; median CV was 1.4% for measured FRCs. In vivo FRCpleth exceeded FRCMBW values by 37% on average.

Conclusions

Both setups measure lung volumes in the intended age group reliably and reproducibly. Characteristics of different techniques should be considered when measuring lung volumes in vivo. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:607–614. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The chemical physics of unconventional superconductivity
Authors: Mazumdar Sumitendra , Clay Rudolf Torsten
Published: February 2014

Attempts to explain correlated‐electron superconductivity (SC) have largely focused on the proximity of the superconducting state to antiferromagnetism. Yet, there exist many correlated‐electron systems that exhibit insulator‐superconducting transitions where the insulating state exhibits spatial broken symmetry different from antiferromagnetism. Here, we focus on a subset of such compounds which are seemingly very different in which specific chemical stoichiometries play a distinct role, and small deviations from stoichiometry can destroy SC. These superconducting materials share a unique carrier concentration, at which we show there is a stronger than usual tendency to form local spin‐singlets. We posit that SC is a consequence of these pseudomolecules becoming mobile as was suggested by Schafroth a few years prior to the advent of the Bardeen‐Cooper‐Schrieffer (BCS) theory. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probing the relationship between spin contamination and first hyperpolarizability: Open‐shell Möbius anion
Authors: Gao Ying , Xu Hong‐Liang , Zhong Rong‐Lin , Sun Shi‐Ling , Su Zhong‐Min
Published: February 2014

Möbius strip has attracted extensive interest due to its one‐side structure, special physical and chemical properties. A new extended porphyrin with Möbius structure has been synthesized (Stępień et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 7869). In this work, an electron is injected into Möbius to form Möbius anion. For Möbius, four methods (B3LYP, BHandHLYP, CAM‐B3LYP, and LC‐BLYP) obtain the similar first hyperpolarizability (β0). However, for Möbius anion, four methods obtain very different β0 values (ranging from 9.85 × 103 to 8.33 × 105 au). Moreover, the β0 values of Möbius anion are larger than those of Möbius. Why? The considerable variation (ranging from 0.8162 to 1.7630) of spin contamination (S2) of open‐shell Möbius anion captures our attention. To probe the relationship between S2 and β0, the β0 values of Möbius anion were calculated using 23 methods. Interestingly, the Hartree‐Fock (HF) composition increases from 0 to 50, the S2 value ranges from 0.7522 to 1.3372, and the β0 value increases from 4.3 × 103 to 7.36 × 104 au. Further, methods are “dissected” to investigate the effect of HF composition on the S2. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.