bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) inhibits milk production efficiency in mammals
Authors: Shao Haili , Huang Jipeng , Wang Hui , Wang Guolei , Yang Xu , Cheng Mei , Sun Changjie , Zou Li , Yang Qin , Zhang Dandan , Liu Zhen , Jiang Xuelong , Shi Lei , Shi Peng , Han Baowei , Jiao Baowei
Published: May 2024

Efficient milk production in mammals confers evolutionary advantages by facilitating the transmission of energy from mother to offspring. However, the regulatory mechanism responsible for the gradual establishment of milk production efficiency in mammals, from marsupials to eutherians, remains elusive. Here, we find that mammary gland of the marsupial sugar glider contained milk components during adolescence, and that mammary gland development is less dynamically cyclic compared to that in placental mammals. Furthermore, fused in sarcoma (FUS) is found to be partially responsible for this establishment of low efficiency. In mouse model, FUS inhibit mammary epithelial cell differentiation through the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57Kip2, leading to lactation failure and pup starvation. Clinically, FUS levels are negatively correlated with milk production in lactating women. Overall, our results shed light on FUS as a negative regulator of milk production, providing a potential mechanism for the establishment of milk production from marsupial to eutherian mammals.
Overcoming strength-ductility tradeoff with high pressure thermal treatment
Authors: Tang Yao , Wang Haikuo , Ouyang Xiaoping , Wang Chao , Huang Qishan , Zhao Qingkun , Liu Xiaochun , Zhu Qi , Hou Zhiqiang , Wu Jiakun , Zhang Zhicai , Li Hao , Yang Yikan , Yang Wei , Gao Huajian , Zhou Haofei
Published: May 2024

Conventional material processing approaches often achieve strengthening of materials at the cost of reduced ductility. Here, we show that high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) treatment can help overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in structural materials. We report an initially strong-yet-brittle eutectic high entropy alloy simultaneously doubling its strength to 1150 MPa and its tensile ductility to 36% after the HPHT treatment. Such strength-ductility synergy is attributed to the HPHT-induced formation of a hierarchically patterned microstructure with coherent interfaces, which promotes multiple deformation mechanisms, including dislocations, stacking faults, microbands and deformation twins, at multiple length scales. More importantly, the HPHT-induced microstructure helps relieve stress concentration at the interfaces, thereby arresting interfacial cracking commonly observed in traditional eutectic high entropy alloys. These findings suggest a new direction of research in employing HPHT techniques to help develop next generation structural materials.
Pharmaceutical treatment status of patients with COPD in the community based on medical Internet of Things: a real-world study
Authors: Wu Peng , Jiang Yi-qun , Si Feng-li , Wang Huan-ying , Song Xiao-bo , Sheng Chun-feng , Xu Xun , Li Fan , Zhang Jing
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate the real-world standardisation and adherence of medical treatment regimens in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the community for making future management strategy. The follow-up data and treatment information of patients with COPD, which were collected through the Management Information Center of COPD (MICCOPD) in 21 community health service centres in Songjiang District, a countryside region of Shanghai. Concordance between the pharmaceutical treatment plan and recommendation of 2017 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) report during the follow-up management period, as well as the medication adherence by patients,were analysed. Out of the 2044 patients diagnosed with COPD, 814 patients (39.8%) who had an initial record of medication use were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The most common medication regimens were long-acting beta-agonist plus inhaled corticosteroids (35.9%) and oral bronchodilators (41.9%). Among these 814 patients, 45.7%, 38.0%, 31.6% and 14.6% adhered to the treatment after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of follow-up, respectively. The concordance rate with the regimens recommended by the 2017 GOLD guidelines was 35.5% at baseline, 35.5% at 6 months, 32.7% at 12 months, 35.4% at 18 months and 37% at 24 months. The compliance and guideline consistency rates of patients with COPD in the community under the management of general practitioners need to be improved. Enhancing general practitioner proficiency in the prevention and management of COPD and increasing patient awareness of the condition, are crucial standardising and improving adherence to initial and follow-up COPD treatments.
How accurate are existing land cover maps for agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Kerner Hannah , Nakalembe Catherine , Yang Adam , Zvonkov Ivan , McWeeny Ryan , Tseng Gabriel , Becker-Reshef Inbal
Published: May 2024

Satellite Earth observations (EO) can provide affordable and timely information for assessing crop conditions and food production. Such monitoring systems are essential in Africa, where food insecurity is high and agricultural statistics are sparse. EO-based monitoring systems require accurate cropland maps to provide information about croplands, but there is a lack of data to determine which of the many available land cover maps most accurately identify cropland in African countries. This study provides a quantitative evaluation and intercomparison of 11 publicly available land cover maps to assess their suitability for cropland classification and EO-based agriculture monitoring in Africa using statistically rigorous reference datasets from 8 countries. We hope the results of this study will help users determine the most suitable map for their needs and encourage future work to focus on resolving inconsistencies between maps and improving accuracy in low-accuracy regions.
ROSPaCe: Intrusion Detection Dataset for a ROS2-Based Cyber-Physical System and IoT Networks
Authors: Puccetti Tommaso , Nardi Simone , Cinquilli Cosimo , Zoppi Tommaso , Ceccarelli Andrea
Published: May 2024

Most of the intrusion detection datasets to research machine learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are devoted to cyber-only systems, and they typically collect data from one architectural layer. Often the attacks are generated in dedicated attack sessions, without reproducing the realistic alternation and overlap of normal and attack actions. We present a dataset for intrusion detection by performing penetration testing on an embedded cyber-physical system built over Robot Operating System 2 (ROS2). Features are monitored from three architectural layers: the Linux operating system, the network, and the ROS2 services. The dataset is structured as a time series and describes the expected behavior of the system and its response to ROS2-specific attacks: it repeatedly alternates periods of attack-free operation with periods when a specific attack is being performed. This allows measuring the time to detect an attacker and the number of malicious activities performed before detection. Also, it allows training an intrusion detector to minimize both, by taking advantage of the numerous alternating periods of normal and attack operations.
Prototyping an Ontological Framework for Cellular Senescence Mechanisms: A Homeostasis Imbalance Perspective
Authors: Yamagata Yuki , Fukuyama Tsubasa , Onami Shuichi , Masuya Hiroshi
Published: May 2024

Although cellular senescence is a key factor in organismal aging, with both positive and negative effects on individuals, its mechanisms remain largely unknown. Thus, integrating knowledge is essential to explain how cellular senescence manifests in tissue damage and age-related diseases. Here, we propose an ontological model that organizes knowledge of cellular senescence in a computer-readable form. We manually annotated and defined cellular senescence processes, molecules, anatomical structures, phenotypes, and other entities based on the Homeostasis Imbalance Process ontology (HOIP). We described the mechanisms as causal relationships of processes and modelled a homeostatic imbalance between stress and stress response in cellular senescence for a unified framework. HOIP was assessed formally, and the relationships between cellular senescence and diseases were inferred for higher-order knowledge processing. We visualized cellular senescence processes to support knowledge utilization. Our study provides a knowledge base to help elucidate mechanisms linking cellular and organismal aging.
Development of correlations between various engineering rockmass classification systems using railway tunnel data in Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Azad Md. Alquamar , Najeh Taoufik , Raina Autar K. , Singh Neelratan , Ansari Abdullah , Ali Mujahid , Fissha Yewuhalashet , Gamil Yaser , Singh S. K.
Published: May 2024

Engineering rockmass classifications are an integral part of design, support and excavation procedures of tunnels, mines, and other underground structures. These classifications are directly linked to ground reaction and support requirements. Various classification systems are in practice and are still evolving. As different classifications serve different purposes, it is imperative to establish inter-correlatability between them. The rating systems and engineering judgements influence the assignment of ratings owing to cognition. To understand the existing correlation between different classification systems, the existing correlations were evaluated with the help of data of 34 locations along a 618-m-long railway tunnel in the Garhwal Himalaya of India and new correlations were developed between different rock classifications. The analysis indicates that certain correlations, such as RMR-Q, RMR-RMi, RMi-Q, and RSR-Q, are comparable to the previously established relationships, while others, such as RSR-RMR, RCR-Qn, and GSI-RMR, show weak correlations. These deviations in published correlations may be due to individual parameters of estimation or measurement errors. Further, incompatible classification systems exhibited low correlations. Thus, the study highlights a need to revisit existing correlations, particularly for rockmass conditions that are extremely complex, and the predictability of existing correlations exhibit high variations. In addition to augmenting the existing database, new correlations for metamorphic rocks in the Himalayan region have been developed and presented that can serve as a guide for future rock engineering projects in such formations and aid in developing appropriate excavation and rock support methodologies.
Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evaluation of hyperplastic soft tissues surrounding dental implants in fibular jaws
Authors: Mustakim Kezia Rachellea , Eo Mi Young , Seo Mi Hyun , Yang Hyeong-Cheol , Kim Min-Keun , Myoung Hoon , Kim Soung Min
Published: May 2024

In reconstructive surgery, complications post-fibula free flap (FFF) reconstruction, notably peri-implant hyperplasia, are significant yet understudied. This study analyzed peri-implant hyperplastic tissue surrounding FFF, alongside peri-implantitis and foreign body granulation (FBG) tissues from patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Using light microscopy, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, anucleate and pyknotic prickle cells, and excessive collagen deposition were observed in FFF hyperplastic tissue. Ultrastructural analyses revealed abnormal structures, including hemidesmosome dilation, bacterial invasion, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling. In immunohistochemical analysis, unfolded protein-response markers ATF6, PERK, XBP1, inflammatory marker NFκB, necroptosis marker MLKL, apoptosis marker GADD153, autophagy marker LC3, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis markers were expressed variably in hyperplastic tissue surrounding FFF implants, peri-implantitis, and FBG tissues. NFκB expression was higher in peri-implantitis and FBG tissues compared to hyperplastic tissue surrounding FFF implants. PERK expression exceeded XBP1 significantly in FFF hyperplastic tissue, while expression levels of PERK, XBP1, and ATF6 were not significantly different in peri-implantitis and FBG tissues. These findings provide valuable insights into the interconnected roles of ER stress, necroptosis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of oral pathologies, offering a foundation for innovative strategies in dental implant rehabilitation management and prevention.
A comprehensive analysis of spermatozoal RNA elements in idiopathic infertile males undergoing fertility treatment
Authors: Hamilton Matthew , Russell Stewart , Swanson Grace M. , Krawetz Stephen A. , Menezes Karen , Moskovtsev Sergey I. , Librach Clifford
Published: May 2024

Current approaches to diagnosing male infertility inadequately assess the complexity of the male gamete. Beyond the paternal haploid genome, spermatozoa also deliver coding and non-coding RNAs to the oocyte. While sperm-borne RNAs have demonstrated potential involvement in embryo development, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 47 sperm samples from normozoospermic males undergoing fertility treatment using donor oocytes were sequenced and analyzed to evaluate associations between sperm RNA elements (exon-sized sequences) and blastocyst progression. A total of 366 RNA elements (REs) were significantly associated with blastocyst rate (padj < 0.05), some of which were linked to genes related to critical developmental processes, including mitotic spindle formation and both ectoderm and mesoderm specification. Of note, 27 RE-associated RNAs are predicted targets of our previously reported list of developmentally significant miRNAs. Inverse RE-miRNA expression patterns were consistent with miRNA-mediated down-regulation. This study provides a comprehensive set of REs which differ by the patient’s ability to produce blastocysts. This knowledge can be leveraged to improve clinical screening of male infertility and ultimately reduce time to pregnancy.
An automated multi-layer perceptron discriminative neural network based on Bayesian optimization achieves high-precision one-source single-snapshot direction-of-arrival estimation
Authors: Zhang Bin , He Jiawen , Liu Peishun , Wang Liang , Tang Ruichun
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes an innovative global solution which is a pioneering work applying automated machine learning algorithms to remarkable precision sparse underwater direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation that views the subaquatic sparse-sampling DOA estimation problem as a classification prediction task. The proposed solution, termed automated multi-layer perceptron discriminative neural network (AutoMPDNN), is built upon a Bayesian optimization framework. AutoMPDNN transforms sparsely sampled time-domain signals into the complex domain, preserving essential components in a one-source single-snapshot scenario. Leveraging Bayesian optimization principles, the algorithm embeds necessary hyperparameters into the loss function, effectively defining it as a maximum likelihood problem using the upper confidence bound function and incorporating sparse signal features. We also explore the model space architecture and introduce variants of AutoMPDNN, denoted as AutoMPDNNs_ln (n = 2,3,4). Through a series of plane wave simulation experiments, it is demonstrated that AutoMPDNN achieves the highest prediction performance for one-source single-snapshot scenarios compared to classical DOA estimation algorithms that incorporate sparse representation approaches, as well as contemporary deep learning DOA methods under varying conditions.
Genetic variability of hepatitis B virus in acute and in different phases of chronic infection in Brazil
Authors: Lago Barbara Vieira , Portilho Moyra Machado , Mello Vinicius Motta , De Sousa Paulo Sergio Fonseca , Angelice Giovana Paula , Marques Bianca Cristina Leires , da Silva Andrade Larissa Tropiano , Marques Vanessa Alves , Lewis-Ximenez Lia Laura , Mello Francisco Campello do Amaral , Villar Livia Melo
Published: May 2024

The selection pressure imposed by the host immune system impacts on hepatitis B virus (HBV) variability. This study evaluates HBV genetic diversity, nucleos(t)ide analogs resistance and HBsAg escape mutations in HBV patients under distinct selective pressures. One hundred and thirteen individuals in different phases of HBV infection were included: 13 HBeAg-positive chronic infection, 9 HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis, 47 HBeAg-negative chronic infection (ENI), 29 HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis (ENH) and 15 acute infected individuals. Samples were PCR amplified, sequenced and genetically analyzed for the overlapping POL/S genes. Most HBV carriers presented genotype A (84/113; 74.3%), subgenotype A1 (67/84; 79.7%), irrespective of group, followed by genotypes D (20/113; 17.7%), F (8/113; 7.1%) and E (1/113; 0.9%). Clinically relevant mutations in polymerase (tL180M/M204V) and in the Major Hydrophilic Region of HBsAg (sY100C, T118A/M, sM133T, sD144A and sG145R) were observed. Our findings, however, indicated that most polymorphic sites were located in the cytosolic loops (CYL1-2) and transmembrane domain 4 (TMD4) of HBsAg. Lower viral loads and higher HBV genetic diversity were observed in ENI and ENH groups (p < 0.001), suggesting that these groups are subjected to a higher selective pressure. Our results provide information on the molecular characteristics of HBV in a diverse clinical setting, and may guide future studies on the balance of HBV quasispecies at different stages of infection.
Baicalin enhances the chemotherapy sensitivity of oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells by activating p53-mediated ferroptosis
Authors: Shao Lihua , Zhu Li , Su Rong , Yang Chunting , Gao Xiaqing , Xu Yan , Wang Hongwei , Guo Chenglong , Li Hailong
Published: May 2024

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and chemotherapy is the main treatment for advanced gastric cancer. However, chemotherapy resistance leads to treatment failure and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge that needs to be overcome in chemotherapy. According to recent research, ferroptosis activation is crucial for tumor therapeutic strategies. In this work, we explored the solution to chemoresistance in gastric cancer by investigating the effects of the Chinese medicine monomer baicalin on ferroptosis. Baicalin with different concentrations was used to treat the parent HGC27 and drug-resistant HGC27/L cells of gastric cancer. Cell viability was measured by CCK8, and synergistic effects of baicalin combined with oxaliplatin were evaluated using Synergy Finder software. The effects of baicalin on organelles and cell morphology were investigated using projective electron microscopy. Iron concentration, MDA production and GSH inhibition rate were measured by colorimetry. ROS accumulation was detected by flow cytometry. The ferroptosis-related genes (IREB2, TfR, GPX4, FTH1), P53, and SLC7A11 were analysed by Western blot, and the expression differences of the above proteins between pretreatment and pretreatment of different concentrations of baicalin, were assayed in both parental HGC27 cells and Oxaliplatin-resistant HGC27/L cells. Mechanically, Baicalin disrupted iron homeostasis and inhibits antioxidant defense, resulting in iron accumulation, lipid peroxide aggregation, and specifically targeted and activated ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of tumor suppressor gene p53, thereby activating the SLC7A11/GPX4/ROS pathway mediated by it. Baicalin activates ferroptosis through multiple pathways and targets, thereby inhibiting the viability of oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer HGC27/L cells and enhancing the sensitivity to oxaliplatin chemotherapy.
PermDroid a framework developed using proposed feature selection approach and machine learning techniques for Android malware detection
Authors: Mahindru Arvind , Arora Himani , Kumar Abhinav , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Mahajan Shubham , Kadry Seifedine , Kim Jungeun
Published: May 2024

The challenge of developing an Android malware detection framework that can identify malware in real-world apps is difficult for academicians and researchers. The vulnerability lies in the permission model of Android. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of various researchers to develop an Android malware detection model using permission or a set of permissions. Academicians and researchers have used all extracted features in previous studies, resulting in overburdening while creating malware detection models. But, the effectiveness of the machine learning model depends on the relevant features, which help in reducing the value of misclassification errors and have excellent discriminative power. A feature selection framework is proposed in this research paper that helps in selecting the relevant features. In the first stage of the proposed framework, t-test, and univariate logistic regression are implemented on our collected feature data set to classify their capacity for detecting malware. Multivariate linear regression stepwise forward selection and correlation analysis are implemented in the second stage to evaluate the correctness of the features selected in the first stage. Furthermore, the resulting features are used as input in the development of malware detection models using three ensemble methods and a neural network with six different machine-learning algorithms. The developed models’ performance is compared using two performance parameters: F-measure and Accuracy. The experiment is performed by using half a million different Android apps. The empirical findings reveal that malware detection model developed using features selected by implementing proposed feature selection framework achieved higher detection rate as compared to the model developed using all extracted features data set. Further, when compared to previously developed frameworks or methodologies, the experimental results indicates that model developed in this study achieved an accuracy of 98.8%.
Permanent areas and changes in forests, grasslands, and wetlands in the North European Plain since the eighteenth century—a case study of the Kościan Plain in Poland
Authors: Medyńska-Gulij Beata , Szoszkiewicz Krzysztof , Cybulski Paweł , Wielebski Łukasz
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the intricate and enduring interplay of historical events, human activities, and natural processes shaping the landscape of North European Plain in western Poland over 230 years. Topographic maps serve as reliable historical data sources to quantify changes in forest, grassland, and wetland areas, scrutinizing their fragmentation and persistence. The primary objectives are to identify the permanent areas of the landscape and propose a universal cartographic visualization method for effectively mapping these changes. Using topographic maps and historical data, this research quantifies land cover changes, especially in forest, grassland, and wetland areas. With the help of retrogressive method we process raster historical data into vector-based information. Over time, wetlands experienced a substantial reduction, particularly in 1960–1982, attributed to both land reclamation and environmental factors. Grassland areas fluctuated, influenced by wetland and drier habitat dynamics. Fragmentation in grassland areas poses biodiversity and ecosystem health concerns, whereas forested areas showed limited fluctuations, with wetland forests nearly disappearing. These findings highlight wetland ecosystems’ sensitivity to human impacts and emphasize the need to balance conservation and sustainable development to preserve ecological integrity. This study advances landscape dynamics understanding, providing insights into historical, demographic, economic, and environmental transformations. It underscores the imperative for sustainable land management and conservation efforts to mitigate human impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity in the North European Plain.
Emerging opportunities of using large language models for translation between drug molecules and indications
Authors: Oniani David , Hilsman Jordan , Zang Chengxi , Wang Junmei , Cai Lianjin , Zawala Jan , Wang Yanshan
Published: May 2024

A drug molecule is a substance that changes an organism’s mental or physical state. Every approved drug has an indication, which refers to the therapeutic use of that drug for treating a particular medical condition. While the Large Language Model (LLM), a generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique, has recently demonstrated effectiveness in translating between molecules and their textual descriptions, there remains a gap in research regarding their application in facilitating the translation between drug molecules and indications (which describes the disease, condition or symptoms for which the drug is used), or vice versa. Addressing this challenge could greatly benefit the drug discovery process. The capability of generating a drug from a given indication would allow for the discovery of drugs targeting specific diseases or targets and ultimately provide patients with better treatments. In this paper, we first propose a new task, the translation between drug molecules and corresponding indications, and then test existing LLMs on this new task. Specifically, we consider nine variations of the T5 LLM and evaluate them on two public datasets obtained from ChEMBL and DrugBank. Our experiments show the early results of using LLMs for this task and provide a perspective on the state-of-the-art. We also emphasize the current limitations and discuss future work that has the potential to improve the performance on this task. The creation of molecules from indications, or vice versa, will allow for more efficient targeting of diseases and significantly reduce the cost of drug discovery, with the potential to revolutionize the field of drug discovery in the era of generative AI.
Quantification of attenuation and speckle features from endoscopic OCT images for the diagnosis of human brain glioma
Authors: Aleksandrova P. V. , Zaytsev K. I. , Nikitin P. V. , Alekseeva A. I. , Zaitsev V. Y. , Dolganov K. B. , Reshetov I. V. , Karalkin P. A. , Kurlov V. N. , Tuchin V. V. , Dolganova I. N.
Published: May 2024

Application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neurosurgery mostly includes the discrimination between intact and malignant tissues aimed at the detection of brain tumor margins. For particular tissue types, the existing approaches demonstrate low performance, which stimulates the further research for their improvement. The analysis of speckle patterns of brain OCT images is proposed to be taken into account for the discrimination between human brain glioma tissue and intact cortex and white matter. The speckle properties provide additional information of tissue structure, which could help to increase the efficiency of tissue differentiation. The wavelet analysis of OCT speckle patterns was applied to extract the power of local brightness fluctuations in speckle and its standard deviation. The speckle properties are analysed together with attenuation ones using a set of ex vivo brain tissue samples, including glioma of different grades. Various combinations of these features are considered to perform linear discriminant analysis for tissue differentiation. The results reveal that it is reasonable to include the local brightness fluctuations at first two wavelet decomposition levels in the analysis of OCT brain images aimed at neurosurgical diagnosis.
Wind energy resource assessment and wind turbine selection analysis for sustainable energy production
Authors: Spiru Paraschiv , Simona Paraschiv Lizica
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to perform an analysis to determine the most suitable type of wind turbine that can be installed at a specific location for electricity generation, using annual measurements of wind characteristics and meteorological parameters. Wind potential analysis has shown that the analyzed location is suitable for the development of a wind farm. The analysis was carried out for six different types of wind turbines, with a power ranging from 1.5 to 3.0 MW and a hub height set at 80 m. Wind power potential was assessed using the Weibull analysis. The values of the scale coefficient c were determined, and a large monthly variation was observed, with values ranging from 1.92 to 8.36 m/s and an annual value of 4.95 m/s. Monthly values for the shape coefficient k varied between 0.86 and 1.53, with an annual value of 1.07. Additionally, the capacity factor of the turbines was determined, ranging from 17.75 to 22.22%. The Vestas turbine, with a nominal power of 2 MW and a capacity factor of 22.22%, proved to be the most efficient wind turbine for the specific conditions of the location. The quantity of greenhouse gas emissions that will be reduced if this type of turbine is implemented was also calculated, considering the average CO2 emission intensity factor (kg CO2/kWh) of the national electricity system.
The central executive network moderates the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptom severity and gastrointestinal related issues
Authors: Howard Kia A. , Ahmad Salman S. , Chavez Jennifer V. , Hoogerwoerd Hannah , McIntosh Roger C.
Published: May 2024

Although most adults experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, a smaller proportion will go on to be clinically diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Persons diagnosed with PTSD have a greater likelihood of developing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. However, the extent to which subclinical levels of post-traumatic stress (PTS) correspond with the incidence of GI issues in a normative sample is unclear. Resting state fMRI, medical history, psychological survey, and anthropometric data were acquired from the Enhanced Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (n = 378; age range 18–85.6 years). The primary aim of this study was to test the main effect of subclinical PTS symptom severity on the number of endorsed GI issues. The secondary aim was to test the moderating effect of high versus low resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the central executive network (CEN) on the relationship between PTS symptom severity and GI issues. Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40) scores were positively associated with the number of endorsed GI issues (b = −0.038, SE = .009, p < .001). The interaction between TSC-40 scores and rsFC within the CEN was significant on GI issues after controlling for sociodemographic and cardiometabolic variables (b = −0.031, SE = .016, p < .05), such that above average rsFC within the CEN buffered the effect of TSC-40 scores on GI issues. Our findings of higher rsFC within the CEN moderating the magnitude of coincidence in PTS and GI symptom severity may reflect the mitigating role of executive control processes in the putative stress signaling mechanisms that contribute to gut dysbiosis.
The analysis of ecological security and tourist satisfaction of ice-and-snow tourism under deep learning and the Internet of Things
Authors: Zhang Baiju
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to propose a prediction method based on Deep Learning (DL) and Internet of Things (IoT) technology, focusing on the ecological security and tourist satisfaction of Ice-and-Snow Tourism (IST) to solve practical problems in this field. Accurate predictions of ecological security and tourist satisfaction in IST have been achieved by collecting and analyzing environment and tourist behavior data and combining with DL models, such as convolutional and recurrent neural networks. The experimental results show that the proposed method has significant advantages in performance indicators, such as accuracy, F1 score, Mean Squared Error (MSE), and correlation coefficient. Compared to other similar methods, the method proposed improves accuracy by 3.2%, F1 score by 0.03, MSE by 0.006, and correlation coefficient by 0.06. These results emphasize the important role of combining DL with IoT technology in predicting ecological security and tourist satisfaction in IST.
Delineating organizational principles of the endogenous L-A virus by cryo-EM and computational analysis of native cell extracts
Authors: Schmidt Lisa , Tüting Christian , Kyrilis Fotis L. , Hamdi Farzad , Semchonok Dmitry A. , Hause Gerd , Meister Annette , Ihling Christian , Stubbs Milton T. , Sinz Andrea , Kastritis Panagiotis L.
Published: May 2024

The high abundance of most viruses in infected host cells benefits their structural characterization. However, endogenous viruses are present in low copy numbers and are therefore challenging to investigate. Here, we retrieve cell extracts enriched with an endogenous virus, the yeast L-A virus. The determined cryo-EM structure discloses capsid-stabilizing cation-π stacking, widespread across viruses and within the Totiviridae, and an interplay of non-covalent interactions from ten distinct capsomere interfaces. The capsid-embedded mRNA decapping active site trench is supported by a constricting movement of two flexible opposite-facing loops. tRNA-loaded polysomes and other biomacromolecules, presumably mRNA, are found in virus proximity within the cell extract. Mature viruses participate in larger viral communities resembling their rare in-cell equivalents in terms of size, composition, and inter-virus distances. Our results collectively describe a 3D-architecture of a viral milieu, opening the door to cell-extract-based high-resolution structural virology.
Overcoming thermostability challenges in mRNA–lipid nanoparticle systems with piperidine-based ionizable lipids
Authors: Hashiba Kazuki , Taguchi Masamitsu , Sakamoto Sachiko , Otsu Ayaka , Maeda Yoshiki , Ebe Hirofumi , Okazaki Arimichi , Harashima Hideyoshi , Sato Yusuke
Published: May 2024

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as promising platforms for efficient in vivo mRNA delivery owing to advancements in ionizable lipids. However, maintaining the thermostability of mRNA/LNP systems remains challenging. While the importance of only a small amount of lipid impurities on mRNA inactivation is clear, a fundamental solution has not yet been proposed. In this study, we investigate an approach to limit the generation of aldehyde impurities that react with mRNA nucleosides through the chemical engineering of lipids. We demonstrated that piperidine-based lipids improve the long-term storage stability of mRNA/LNPs at refrigeration temperature as a liquid formulation. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis and additional lipid synthesis revealed that amine moieties of ionizable lipids play a vital role in limiting reactive aldehyde generation, mRNA–lipid adduct formation, and loss of mRNA function during mRNA/LNP storage. These findings highlight the importance of lipid design and help enhance the shelf-life of mRNA/LNP systems.
Alternative climate metrics to the Global Warming Potential are more suitable for assessing aviation non-CO2 effects
Authors: Megill Liam , Deck Kathrin , Grewe Volker
Published: May 2024

A growing body of research has highlighted the major contribution of aviation non-CO2 emissions and effects to anthropogenic climate change. Regulation of these emissions, for example in the EU Emissions Trading System, requires the use of a climate metric. However, choosing a suitable climate metric is challenging due to the high uncertainties of aviation non-CO2 climate impacts, their variability in atmospheric lifetimes and their dependence on emission location and altitude. Here we use AirClim to explore alternatives to the conventional Global Warming Potential (GWP) by analysing the neutrality, temporal stability, compatibility and simplicity of existing climate metrics and perform a trade-off. We find that using the temperature-based Average Temperature Response (ATR) or using an Efficacy-weighted GWP (EGWP) would enable a more accurate assessment of existing as well as future aircraft powered by novel aviation fuels.
Terrestrial records of two hyperthermal events in the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary suggest different control mechanisms
Authors: Ma Mingming , Wang Mengdi , Huang Huixin , Liu Xiuming
Published: May 2024

Two hyperthermal events with different carbon cycle perturbations occurred across the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary, i.e., the late Maastrichtian Warming Event and the Early Danian Dan-C2 event. However, the roles played by Deccan volcanism and orbital forcing in these two hyperthermal events are still debated. Here we obtain a terrestrial δ13Ccarb record in the Nanxiong Basin (southeastern China) and compare it with marine records. The results show that both hyperthermal events can be well distinguished and that the Dan-C2 event is characterized by a typical hyperthermal event. In addition, the δ13C excursion during the late Maastrichtian Warming Event was more muted and prolonged than that during the Dan-C2 event, and the short-eccentricity cycle disappeared in the marine record during the late Maastrichtian Warming Event, indicating that Deccan volcanism perturbed the carbon cycle during the late Maastrichtian Warming Event, while the Dan-C2 event was less influenced by volcanic perturbation.
A chlorogenic acid-conjugated nanomicelle attenuates disease severity in experimental arthritis
Authors: Vyawahare Akshay , Jori Chandrashekhar , Kumar Jattin , Kanika  , Fareed Mohammad , Ali Nemat , Parida Kaushik , Khan Rehan
Published: May 2024

Chlorogenic acid-conjugated PLGA-based nanomicelles reduce disease severity in an experimental rheumatoid arthritis model.
All-perovskite tandem solar cells: from fundamentals to technological progress
Authors: Lim Jaekeun , Park Nam-Gyu , Il Seok Sang , Saliba Michael
Published: May 2024

This review provides fundamental knowledge and development directions towards the commercialising of advantageous all-perovskite tandem solar cells.
From cup to clock: exploring coffee's role in slowing down biological aging
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Yin Xin , Gao Yajie , Chen Xin , Ye Nan , He Xingkang
Published: May 2024

Background: Previous research has proposed that coffee consumption may have potential health benefits, yet the effect of coffee on one's biological age has not been determined to date.
Effects of partial isovalent substitution of V with (Ti,Fe) on redox reactivity in Li2VO2F battery cathodes
Authors: Hirsbrunner Moritz , Källquist Ida , Kullgren Jolla , Rensmo Håkan , Hahlin Maria , Duda Laurent C.
Published: May 2024

The influence of substitution of V with Fe or Ti in the Li-rich battery cathode material Li2VO2F was investigated utilizing XAS and RIXS to obtain bulk sensitive information about electronic structure changes.
Platelet membrane encapsulated curcumin nanomaterial-mediated specific thrombolysis and anti-thrombotic treatment among pregnant women
Authors: Xu Lin , Zhou Yijie , Li Na , Yang Anyu , Qi Hongbo
Published: May 2024

The current treatment of venous thrombus during pregnancy is ineffective, primarily due to the unique physiology of pregnant women.
Synthesis of benzooxepane-fused cyclobutene derivatives via Pd-catalyzed cascade reactions of haloarenes and diynylic ethers
Authors: Zhu Shugao , Huang Wenliang , Liu Shihan , Yu Rongjing , Ma Yufeng , Wang Hong , Zhang Rui , Liu Bin , Lan Yu , Shen Ruwei
Published: May 2024

A tandem palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling, propargyl–allenyl isomerization, and [2+2] cycloaddition sequence between electron-deficient haloarenes and 1,8-diynylic ethers is developed.
Urchin-like hierarchical spheres of FeSe2 embedded in a TiN/C composite covered by CNTs as anodes for sodium-ion storage
Authors: Wang Ling , Hu Miaoling , Lin Changzheng , Yan Wei
Published: May 2024

Urchin-like hierarchical spheres of FeSe2 embedded in TiN/C composite covered by in situ grown CNTs are design and fabricated. The composites exhibit excellent cycling stability and ultrafast pseudocapacitive sodium-ion storage capability.
Reaction rate constant: a theoretical description from local temperature
Authors: Valatoon Saba , Alipour Mojtaba
Published: May 2024

Local temperature, as a measure of the kinetic energy of an electron moving in the Kohn–Sham potential of an atom or a molecule, is proposed to describe the reaction rate constant.
Low-temperature redox activity and alcohol ammoxidation performance on Cu- and Ru-incorporated ceria catalysts
Authors: Chen Chaoqi , Ikemoto Satoru , Yokota Gen-ichi , Higuchi Kimitaka , Muratsugu Satoshi , Tada Mizuki
Published: May 2024

Cu and Ru-incorporated ceria catalysts showed low-temperature redox performances in which all three metal species were involved and showed high ammoxidation activity of benzyl alcohol.
Protective effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661 against heavy metal mixture-induced liver and kidney injury in mice
Authors: Ma Weiwei , Lin Xinyue , Zhao Yiyang , Zhang Ziwei , Huang Lili
Published: May 2024

Human health and the ecological balance are both gravely threatened by heavy metal pollution brought on by global industrialization.
Elongated Fe–N–C containing trace atomic Co dopants for high power density PEMFCs
Authors: Cui Jiayao , Min Junyong , Wang Hao , Shui Jianglan , Peng Lishan , Kang Zhenye , Liu Jieyuan , Chen Qingjun , Bai Shuo , Liu Yanrong
Published: May 2024

A superior Fe(tCo)–N–C ORR catalyst with elongated Fe2N8 active sites is developed, showing significant ORR performance in half-cells and a high power density in PEMFCs.
Air pressure prediction model based on the fusion of laser-induced plasma images and spectra
Authors: Ke W. , Luo H. C. , Lv S. M. , Yuan H. , Wang X. H. , Yang A. J. , Chu J. F. , Liu D. X. , Rong M. Z.
Published: May 2024

The feature fusion of laser-induced plasma images and spectra is used for air pressure prediction.
Molecular understanding of the therapeutic potential of melanin inhibiting natural products
Authors: Pang Meijun , Xu Ruitian , Xi Rongjiao , Yao Hong , Bao Kechen , Peng Rui , Zhi Hui , Zhang Kuo , He Runnan , Su Yanfang , Liu Xiuyun , Ming Dong
Published: May 2024

A number of natural products have been found to have melanin inhibitory activity with diverse mechanisms of action. These natural products may have significant potential for development in biomedical and other fields.
A triphenylamine-based fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for wash-free imaging of lipid droplets and diagnosis of fatty liver
Authors: Deng Yi , Wang Zhiyu , Wang Jie , Zhang Sichen , Li Jiale , Sun Aobo , Zhang Xue , Hu Lei , Wang Hui
Published: May 2024

A D–π–A structural probe was synthesized, which has been validated for distinguishing between fatty liver and normal liver at the organ levels.
Anisotropic structural, vibrational, electronic, optical, and elastic properties of single-layer hafnium pentatelluride: an ab initio study
Authors: Dogan Kadir Can , Cetin Zebih , Yagmurcukardes Mehmet
Published: May 2024

STM-image identification of defect types and their oxidized structures.
Stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide catalyzed by the proton sponge bisphosphazene 1,8-bis(hexamethyltriaminophosphazenyl)naphthalene
Authors: Zhang Zhenqing , Guo Xiaoyu , Kou Xinhui , Zhao Na , Li Zhibo
Published: May 2024

Stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide was catalyzed by the proton sponge bisphosphazene HMPN, affording semicrystalline isotactic polylactide with Pm up to 0.93.
Near-infrared visualisation of single microparticle electrochemistry for batteries
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Wang Si-Cong , Ma Junjie , Xie Ruo-Chen , Wang Wei
Published: May 2024

Owing to the stronger penetration of near-infrared light than visible light, opaque battery (e.g. LiCoO2 and LiFePO4) microparticles turn transparent and thus their intraparticle electrochemical behaviour can be optically monitored quantitatively.
Kinetic models reveal the interplay of protein production and aggregation
Authors: Wei Jiapeng , Meisl Georg , Dear Alexander , Oosterhuis Matthijs , Melki Ronald , Emanuelsson Cecilia , Linse Sara , Knowles Tuomas P. J.
Published: May 2024

We develop a new mathematical model to describe the kinetics of protein aggregation under conditions when aggregation-prone protein is being produced during the aggregation.
A post-synthetic modification strategy for enhancing Pt adsorption efficiency in MOF/polymer composites
Authors: Schertenleib Till , Karve Vikram V. , Stoian Dragos , Asgari Mehrdad , Trukhina Olga , Oveisi Emad , Mensi Mounir , Queen Wendy L.
Published: May 2024

A post-synthetic modification strategy was developed to graft metal chelating thiols to polydopamine inside Fe-BTC. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed interesting redox properties of the composite that help extract and reduce Pt(iv) from liquid.
Aptamer-functionalized nanopipettes: a promising approach for viral fragment detection via ion current rectification
Authors: Denuga Shekemi , Duleba Dominik , Dutta Pallavi , Macori Guerrino , Corrigan Damion K. , Fanning Séamus , Johnson Robert P.
Published: May 2024

Ion current rectifying nanopipettes successfully differentiate viral fragments from SARS-COV-2 positive nasopharyngeal samples, demonstrating the sensing platform's potential as a sensitive and selective technology for infectious disease detection.
Binder-free MoSe/MMSe composite and onion-derived activated carbon electrode materials for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Nagaraju Manchi , Ramulu Bhimanaboina , Kiran Ampasala Surya , Yu Jae Su
Published: May 2024

MoSe/MMSe composite electrode materials were prepared on Ni foam via a facile hydrothermal technique. The composite electrode showed superior electrochemical performanc with ultra-long cycling stability.
Photocured Ti3C2Tx MXene/SiOC ceramic composite for electromagnetic interference shielding in the terahertz band
Authors: Su Ruyue , Chen Jingyi , Zhang Xueqin , Wang Wenqing , He Rujie , Li Ying
Published: May 2024

Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with superior performance are urgently needed with the development of THz electronic devices.
Enhanced Curie temperature near 300 K in highly crystalline GdO epitaxial thin films concomitant with an anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Fukasawa Takato , Kutsuzawa Dai , Oka Daichi , Kaminaga Kenichi , Saito Daichi , Shimizu Hirokazu , Naganuma Hiroshi , Fukumura Tomoteru
Published: May 2024

The Curie temperature of a ferromagnetic semiconductor GdO was enhanced to 303 K due to the improved crystallinity and electron mobility.
Coexistence of magnetic ordering and ferroelectricity in a Dy-nitronyl nitroxide chain
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Liu Meiying , Wang Yuxia , Jin Chaoyi , Song Hongwei , Liu Zhiliang , Tang Jinkui , Li Licun
Published: May 2024

A new nitronyl nitroxide Dy-radical chain displays the coexistence of magnetic ordering and ferroelectricity.
Semantically enhanced attention map‐driven occluded person re‐identification
Authors: Ge Yiyuan , Yu Mingxin , Chen Zhihao , Lu Wenshuai , Shi Huiyu
Published: May 2024

Occluded person re‐identification (Re‐ID) is to identify a particular person when the person's body parts are occluded. However, challenges remain in enhancing effective information representation and suppressing background clutter when considering occlusion scenes. This paper proposes a novel attention map‐driven network (AMD‐Net) for occluded person Re‐ID. In AMD‐Net, human parsing labels are introduced to supervise the generation of partial attention maps, while a spatial‐frequency interaction module is suggested to complement the higher‐order semantic information from the frequency domain. Furthermore, a Taylor‐inspired feature filter for mitigating background disturbance and extracting fine‐grained features is proposed. Moreover, a part‐soft triplet loss, which is robust to non‐discriminative body partial features is also designed. Experimental results on Occluded‐Duke, Occluded‐Reid, Market‐1501, and Duke‐MTMC datasets show that this method outperforms existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. The code is available at: https://github.com/ISCLab‐Bistu/SA‐ReID.