bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Efficacy, Embolism Rate and Safety of Thrombectomy with Stent Retrievers in an Anterior Circulation Stroke Model
Authors: Larsen Naomi , Oberbeck Katharina , Lima de Miranda Rodrigo , Trentmann Jens , Madjidyar Jawid , Quandt Eckhard , Jansen Olav
Published: June 2018

Purpose Various stent retrievers differing in stent design and mechanical properties are currently available for the treatment of ischemic stroke. We conducted this in vitro study to compare the efficacy, embolism rate, and safety of commercially available stent retrievers and prototypes.

Materials and Methods Whole blood thrombi were produced in a Chandler loop. The thrombi were inserted into the curved M1 segment of a silicone model of the anterior cerebral circulation. Thrombectomy maneuvers were performed with six commercially available stent retrievers and 2 prototypes with different strut thickness. Wall-stent apposition, first pass recanalization rate, retraction force, and embolism rate were compared.

Results Devices with complete wall-stent apposition had the highest first pass recanalization rate and lowest embolism rate, but showed the highest retraction force. The prototype with thinner struts had a comparable recanalization and embolism rate, while a lower retraction force had to be applied compared to the prototype with thicker struts.

Conclusion Complete wall-stent apposition facilitates a higher recanalization rate and lower embolism rate but also correlates to a higher necessary retraction force and thus possibly higher risk of endothelium damage. Stent modifications leading to a reduced retraction force do not compromise efficacy and embolism rate.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Uterine Artery Doppler in Screening for Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Pedroso Marianna Amaral , Palmer Kirsten Rebecca , Hodges Ryan James , Costa Fabricio da Silva , Rolnik Daniel Lorber
Published: June 2018

Objective To perform a comprehensive review of the current evidence on the role of uterine artery Doppler, isolated or in combination with other markers, in screening for preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) in the general population. The review included recently published large cohort studies and randomized trials.

Methods A search of the literature was conducted using Medline, PubMed, MeSH and ScienceDirect. Combinations of the search terms “preeclampsia,” “screening,” “prediction,” “Doppler,” “Doppler velocimetry,” “fetal growth restriction,” “small for gestational age” and “uterine artery” were used. Articles in English (excluding reviews) reporting the use of uterine artery Doppler in screening for PE and FGR were included.

Results Thirty articles were included. As a single predictor, uterine artery Doppler detects less than 50% of the cases of PE and no more than 40% of the pregnancies affected by FGR. Logistic regression-based models that allow calculation of individual risk based on the combination of multiple markers, in turn, is able to detect ∼ 75% of the cases of preterm PE and 55% of the pregnancies resulting in small for gestational age infants.

Conclusion The use of uterine artery Doppler as a single predictive test for PE and FGR has poor accuracy. However, its combined use in predictive models is promising, being more accurate in detecting preterm PE than FGR.
A Pilot Study Evaluating Cerebral Vasculitis in Kawasaki's Disease
Authors: Yeom Jung Sook , Cho Young Hye , Koo Chung Mo , Jun Jin Su , Park Ji Sook , Park Eun Sil , Seo Ji-Hyun , Lim Jae-Young , Youn Hee-Shang , Woo Hyang-Ok
Published: June 2018

Cerebral vasculitis is thought to be a possible underlying mechanism of severe neurological complications of Kawasaki's disease (KD), such as cerebral infarct or aneurysm rupture. To evaluate the intracranial inflammatory response in patients with acute-stage KD, we measured the levels of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with KD (n = 7) and compared the levels to those of the age- and sex-matched febrile control patients (bacterial meningitis [n = 5], enteroviral meningitis [n = 10], nonspecific viral illness without central nervous system involvement [n = 10]). PTX3 and TNF-α were rarely detected and only in trace concentration in KD, and the levels of IL-6 were not different from those of nonspecific viral illnesses. These mediators are not established biomarkers for cerebral vasculitis but might reflect vascular inflammation in various diseases including KD. Therefore, intracranial inflammation including vasculitis seems to be insignificant in our patients with KD. However, our results might be attributed to the fact that these patients lacked any clinical signs of cerebral or coronary vessel involvement. None of them underwent brain imaging. To clarify this issue, further studies involving patients with neurologic symptoms and proven involvement of cerebral vessels are needed.
Flow-induced oscillation of a rigid rectangular plate hinged at its leading edge
Authors: Kumar Dhiraj , Poddar Kamal , Kumar Sanjay
Published: June 2018

In the present study, the flow-induced oscillation of an elongated rectangular cylinder (a rigid plate with flat leading and trailing edges), hinged at its leading edge, is studied experimentally. Effects of various parameters such as the Reynolds number, chord, thickness, and moment of inertia on oscillation characteristics of the plate were investigated. Flow visualization and hotwire measurements were carried out to study the nature of the flow field around the plate. The angular deflection and angular velocity of the oscillating plate were obtained using a high-speed camera. There exists a critical chord to thickness ratio, below which the rectangular plate hinged at the leading edge starts oscillating beyond a critical wind speed. The flow-induced oscillation of the plate begins with a small amplitude oscillation which increases with time, and the plate finally attains a limit cycle oscillation. Impinging shear layer vortices, originating at the leading edge, play a key role in the initiation of flow-induced oscillation of the plate. The frequency of the limit cycle oscillation increases almost linearly with the wind speed and decreases with an increase in the chord to thickness ratio of the plate. A dimensional analysis is carried out to identify the important dimensionless parameters, and the same has been used for extracting the scaling for oscillation frequency. Good agreement between the present experimental results and the derived analytical expressions is obtained.
Effect of breed and castration on production and carcass traits of male lambs following an intensive finishing period
Authors: Claffey Noel A , Fahey Alan G , Gkarane Vasiliki , Moloney Aidan P , Monahan Frank J , Diskin Michael G
Published: June 2018

The practice of crossbreeding using a terminal sire and the use of intact rather than castrated animals has the potential to increase the productivity of lambs produced from the hill sheep sector. The objective of this study was to compare the production and carcass characteristics of purebred Scottish Blackface (SB) and Texel cross Scottish Blackface (TXSB) ram and wether lambs fed on a concentrate diet and slaughtered at different ages. Two hundred spring born male lambs (average birth age ± SD 9.53 d) were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two breeds SB (n = 100) and TXSB (n = 100) and two sexes (wether: n = 100 and ram: n = 100). Lambs were harvested following a 36 d ad libitum concentrate indoor finishing period. The study was carried out over five harvest batches between October and April. The mean ages of the lambs at harvest (n = 40; 20 TXSB and 20 SB lambs) in October, November, January, March, and April were 196, 242, 293, 344, and 385 days, respectively The TXSB lambs were heavier at slaughter than SB lambs (P < 0.001), and ram lambs were heavier at slaughter than wether lambs (P < 0.01). Improved ADG (P < 0.001), lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (which was calculated by dividing total feed intake by total weight gain; P < 0.001), and higher feed intake (P < 0.05) were recorded in TXSB lambs with consistency across the five harvest time points. Rams had greater ADG (P < 0.001) and FCR (P < 0.05) compared with wether lambs, and no differences were observed between sexes for feed intake. The TXSB (P < 0.001) lambs had higher (P < 0.001) dressing percentages compared with SB, while wether lambs had greater dressing percentages compared with rams. The TXSB lambs had heavier carcass weights (P < 0.001) with higher conformation grades (P < 0.001) and less fat cover (P < 0.001) than SB lambs, while ram lambs had heavier (P < 0.001) carcasses than wether lambs. There was greater fat cover on the loin muscles of SB (P < 0.001) and wether (P < 0.001) lambs compared with TXSB and ram lambs, respectively. The results from this study suggest that TXSB lamb’s offer hill sheep farmers a potential strategy for improved lamb production efficiency, while ram lambs offer lamb finishers increased growth rates, higher FCR, and produce a more desirable carcass than do wether lambs.
RAB-5 regulates regenerative axonal fusion by controlling EFF-1 endocytosis
Authors: Linton Casey , Neumann Brent , Giordano-Santini Rosina , Hilliard Massimo A.
Published: June 2018

Following a transection injury to the axon, neurons from a number of species have the ability to undergo spontaneous repair via fusion of the two separated axonal fragments. In the nematode C. elegans, this highly efficient regenerative axonal fusion is mediated by Epithelial Fusion Failure-1 (EFF-1), a fusogenic protein that functions at the membrane to merge the two axonal fragments. Identifying modulators of axonal fusion and EFF-1 is the next step towards harnessing this process for clinical applications. Here, we present evidence that the small GTPase RAB-5 acts to inhibit axonal fusion, a function achieved via endocytosis of EFF-1 within the injured neuron. Consequently, we find that perturbing RAB-5 activity increases the capacity of the neuron to undergo axonal fusion, through enhanced membranous localization of EFF-1 and the production of extracellular EFF-1-containing vesicles. These findings identify RAB-5 as a novel regulator of axonal fusion and the first regulator of EFF-1 in neurons.
CFTR misfolds during native-centric simulations due to entropic penalties of native state formation
Authors: Shi J. , Cleveland T. , Powe A. C. , McGaughey G. , Pande V. S.
Published: June 2018

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common genetic disorder that affects approximately 70,000 people worldwide. It is caused by mutation-induced defects in synthesis, folding, processing, or function of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator protein (CFTR), a chloride-selective ion channel required for the proper functioning of secretory epithelia in tissues such as the lung, pancreas, and skin. The most common cause of CF is the single-residue deletion of F508 (F508del), a mutation present in one or both alleles in 90% of patients that induces severe folding defects and results in greatly reduced expression of the protein. Despite its medical importance, high-resolution mechanistic information about CFTR folding is lacking. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulation with a native-centric force field to examine the folding and assembly of both full-length CFTR and the isolated first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1). We observed that the protein was capable of substantial misfolding on both the intradomain and interdomain scale due to entropically favorable kinetic traps that exist on CFTR’s folding free energy surface. These results suggest that even wild type CFTR, in the absence of any disease-related mutations, has suboptimal folding efficiency. We speculate that such entropically-driven misfolding also occurs in disease-prone mutants such as F508del and contributes to the protein’s poor in vivo activity.
Privacy protection laws and public perception of data privacy
Authors: Sarabdeen Jawahitha , Moonesar Immanuel Azaad
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The move toward e-health care in various countries is envisaged to reduce the cost of provision of health care, improve the quality of care and reduce medical errors. The most significant problem is the protection of patients’ data privacy. If the patients are reluctant or refuse to participate in health care system due to lack of privacy laws and regulations, the benefit of the full-fledged e-health care system cannot be materialized. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the available e-health data privacy protection laws and the perception of the people using the e-health care facilities.

Design/methodology/approach

The researchers used content analysis to analyze the availability and comprehensive nature of the laws and regulations. The researchers also used survey method. Participants in the study comprised of health care professionals (n=46) and health care users (n=187) who are based in the Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The researchers applied descriptive statistics mechanisms and correlational analysis to analyze the data in the survey.

Findings

The content analysis revealed that the available health data protection laws are limited in scope. The survey results, however, showed that the respondents felt that they could trust the e-health services systems offered in the UAE as the data collected is protected, the rights are not violated. The research also revealed that there was no significance difference between the nationality and the privacy data statements. All the nationality agreed that there is protection in place for the protection of e-health data. There was no significance difference between the demographic data sets and the many data protection principles.

Originality/value

The findings on the users’ perception could help to evaluate the success in realizing current strategies and an action plan of benchmarking could be introduced.
Continuous improvement: challenges for the project-based organization
Authors: Backlund Fredrik , Sundqvist Erik
Published: June 2018

Purpose

There are limited studies of continuous improvement (CI) from the perspective of a project-based organization (PBO). Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore challenges that PBOs may encounter when applying CI.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory and qualitative approach has been used, involving six management teams in six different PBOs, using focus groups interviews as data collecting method.

Findings

A high degree of autonomy among project managers seems to limit a collective approach to project management in PBOs. As a consequence the overall PBO performance becomes subordinate to the individual project performance—an approach opposite to that of CI. Further, the management teams themselves seem to uphold a project focus, also complicating improvement initiatives from a PBO-perspective.

Research limitations/implications

The management teams have been the unit of analysis, where the PBOs mainly conduct projects in an engineering and construction context, and are located in the same country and region. This approach enables the thorough study of a phenomenon, while preconditions for generalization are limited. However, the findings could be used by researchers as a basis for more in-depth studies of specific challenges, and for making surveys to obtain generalization of results.

Practical implications

The results can induce awareness and understanding of different challenges if applying CI in a PBO, hence a starting point for finding ways to overcome these challenges.

Originality/value

The article contributes to an increased understanding of challenges that PBOs may encounter when applying CI, confirming and presenting additional findings compared to previous studies.
Pursuing the adoption pathway: the lived experiences of people living with HIV
Authors: Cane Tam , Vydellingum Vasso , Knibb Wendy
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the experiences that people with HIV faced as they navigated through the intricate processes of trying to access adoption services in the south of England. It proposes the need to pay more attention to people living with HIV (PLWHIV) able to adopt children. The study aims to develop an increased focus on PLWHIV able to adopt.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is an exploratory study using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. Open-ended interviews were conducted with seven participants including individuals and couples. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using IPA’s cross-case and ideographic analysis.

Findings

The paper provides empirical insights about the challenges that PLWHIV experienced with social workers. Positive experiences were in the minority. Lack of information, inadequate support, stigma and discrimination, cultural insensitivity and disempowerment were frequently reported. The paper suggests that greater understanding and better education for social workers would improve access to adoption by people with HIV.

Research limitations/implications

Given the chosen approach and small sample size, results may not be generalisable.

Practical implications

This study increases knowledge, promotes positive attitudes and improved support for PLWHIV who are stable and able to offer permanency to adoptive children.

Originality/value

This paper provides new ideas in an area that is scarcely researched. It identifies the need to undertake further studies to understand how social workers assess PLWHIV and what can be done to provide adequate support.
Perturbatively renormalizable quantum gravity
Authors: Morris Tim R.
Published: June 2018

The Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) requires Euclidean signature. The conformal factor of the metric then has a wrong-sign kinetic term, which has a profound effect on its RG properties. In particular, around the Gaussian fixed point, it supports a Hilbert space of renormalizable interactions involving arbitrarily high powers of the gravitational fluctuations. These interactions are characterized by being exponentially suppressed for large field amplitude, perturbative in Newton’s constant but nonperturbative in Planck’s constant. By taking a limit to the boundary of the Hilbert space, diffeomorphism invariance is recovered whilst retaining renormalizability. Thus the so-called conformal factor instability points the way to constructing a perturbatively renormalizable theory of quantum gravity.
Synthesis structural and spectroscopic properties of quinoxaline-bridged bisBODIPYs
Authors: Yu Changjiang , Li Tingting , Wu Qinghua , Hu Wenbo , Hao Erhong , Jiao Lijuan
Published: June 2018

Two novel quinoxaline-bridged bisBODIPYs have been synthesized by the condensation of 2,3-bis(5-formylpyrrol-2-yl)quinoxaline with 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpyrrole followed by a modification using a Knoevenagel reaction. They were well characterized by X-ray diffraction, NMR, HRMS UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. These two quinoxaline-bridged bisBODIPYs have unusual broad absorption bands, which are different from those of typical BODIPYs They exhibit broad red-shifted emission bands centered at around 610 nm and 730 nm respectively with larger Stokes shifts at the range of 1421–2136 cm[Formula: see text] Both bisBODIPYs show different extent solvent-dependent fluorescence and exhibit fluorescence quenching in polar solvents due to the existence of possible intramolecular charge transfer.
17p12
Influences Hematoma Volume and Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Marini Sandro , Devan William J. , Radmanesh Farid , Miyares Laura , Poterba Timothy , Hansen Björn M. , Norrving Bo , Jimenez-Conde Jordi , Giralt-Steinhauer Eva , Elosua Roberto , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Soriano Carolina , Roquer Jaume , Kourkoulis Christina E. , Ayres Alison M. , Schwab Kristin , Tirschwell David L. , Selim Magdy , Brown Devin L. , Silliman Scott L. , Worrall Bradford B. , Meschia James F. , Kidwell Chelsea S. , Montaner Joan , Fernandez-Cadenas Israel , Delgado Pilar , Greenberg Steven M. , Lindgren Arne , Matouk Charles , Sheth Kevin N. , Woo Daniel , Anderson Christopher D. , Rosand Jonathan , Falcone Guido J. ,   on behalf of the International Stroke Genetics Consortium
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose—

Hematoma volume is an important determinant of clinical outcome in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of hematoma volume with the aim of identifying novel biological pathways involved in the pathophysiology of primary brain injury in ICH.

Methods—

We conducted a 2-stage (discovery and replication) case-only genome-wide association study in patients with ICH of European ancestry. We utilized the admission head computed tomography to calculate hematoma volume via semiautomated computer-assisted technique. After quality control and imputation, 7 million genetic variants were available for association testing with ICH volume, which was performed separately in lobar and nonlobar ICH cases using linear regression. Signals with
P
<5×10
−
8
were pursued in replication and tested for association with admission Glasgow coma scale and 3-month post-ICH dichotomized (0–2 versus 3–6) modified Rankin Scale using ordinal and logistic regression, respectively.

Results—

The discovery phase included 394 ICH cases (228 lobar and 166 nonlobar) and identified 2 susceptibility loci: a genomic region on 22q13 encompassing
PARVB
(top single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9614326: β, 1.84; SE, 0.32;
P
=4.4×10
−8
) for lobar ICH volume and an intergenic region overlying numerous copy number variants on
17p12
(top single-nucleotide polymorphism rs11655160: β, 0.95; SE, 0.17;
P
=4.3×10
−8
) for nonlobar ICH volume. The replication included 240 ICH cases (71 lobar and 169 nonlobar) and corroborated the association for
17p12
(
P
=0.04; meta-analysis
P
=2.5×10
−9
; heterogeneity,
P
=0.16) but not for 22q13 (
P
=0.49). In multivariable analysis, rs11655160 was also associated with lower admission Glasgow coma scale (odds ratio, 0.17;
P
=0.004) and increased risk of poor 3-month modified Rankin Scale (odds ratio, 1.94;
P
=0.045).

Conclusions—

We identified
17p12
as a novel susceptibility risk locus for hematoma volume, clinical severity, and functional outcome in nonlobar ICH. Replication in other ethnicities and follow-up translational studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism mediating the observed association.
Scribal Correction Dots on an Unpublished Elephantine Aramaic Papyrus Fragment
Authors: Moore James D.
Published: June 2018

In a box of unpublished Aramaic papyri from the 1906–1907 German excavations of Elephantine there is a small fragment (p. 23141) that uses scribal marks in a margin or vacat to identify a textual edit. This is the first example of Aramaic editorial marks of this type from the Persian period, and demonstrates a previously unidentified scribal practice.
The mark of success: Part 6
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: June 2018

In part six of his seven-part series on effective feedback techniques and practices, Matt Bromley focuses on how to engage pupils with their assessment feedback
The Use of Semiquantitative Histology for Reporting Periprosthetic Tissue Features: A Review
Authors: Campbell Patricia A. , Nguyen Michelle , Yuan Nathaniel
Published: June 2018

A semiquantitative histology grading system is recommended in the ASTM International standard for the practice of implant retrieval studies. Histological descriptions of periprosthetic tissues abound in the orthopedic literature, with a plethora of terms applied to the interpretation of adverse tissue reactions (e.g., adverse local tissue reaction, adverse reaction to metal debris, and aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis associated lesions) and particularly related to metal wear or corrosion products. The degree to which semiquantitative histological rating tools are used in these evaluations of periprosthetic tissues or how they help distinguish types of adverse reactions is unclear. A review of the orthopedic hip arthroplasty literature was performed to survey the features of scoring systems as applied to periprosthetic tissue reactions around hip replacements. A secondary question was the inclusion of immunohistological techniques in orthopedic tissue characterization. The aim of this study was to identify ways to improve the reporting of features and examine the possibility of adding new recommendations for standardized methods and terminology to ASTM retrieval standards. PubMed, EmBase, and Google Scholar were searched using: [relating to “hip prosthesis”] AND [relating to “adverse local tissue reaction”] AND [relating to “immunohistochemistry”]. Inclusion of relevant articles was determined by a two-investigator appraisal for use of a semiquantitative histology scoring, key terms within the title/abstract, English language, and not a case report/review. Two hundred and ninety nine articles were identified and 34 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. There were eight identified scoring systems. Most ranked macrophages and lymphocytes, four graded the extent of metal particles in tissues, four included a grading for the degree of necrosis, and two evaluated the synovial lining and tissue organization. Immunohistochemistry was used in eleven articles for cell identification. None of the studies gave clear definitions of the cellular components or gradings that were considered to represent an absence of observed adverse effects, but in the future it may be useful to do so.
Using Coordinate Measuring Machine Validated with White Light Interferometry to Identify Contributors to Material Loss Due to Corrosion of Total Hip Replacement Modular Junctions
Authors: Martin Audrey J. , McGrory Brian J. , Edidin Avram A. , Van Citters Douglas W.
Published: June 2018

Clinical sequelae have been associated with corrosion of modular junctions in total hip arthroplasty. These sequelae, including local adverse reactions to corrosion by-products, have been observed with metal-on-metal and conventional metal-on-polyethylene systems. Retrieval analysis can quantify material loss at modular interfaces, permitting correlation with prosthetic and patient factors. The purpose of this study was to quantify and characterize material loss at the head-stem junction of retrieved metal-on-polyethylene systems exhibiting imprint corrosion to identify parameters associated with corrosion in vivo and to establish a model of error for ex vivo material loss measurements. A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was used to measure volume loss, maximum linear depth (MLD), and taper angle of 18 head bores and four stem tapers of the same manufacturer. The CMM used a 3-mm diameter ruby stylus to trace 72 axial lines across the taper surfaces. Five heads were bivalved for white light profilometry to validate MLD measured by the CMM. An error budget model, comparing interferometry with CMM measurements, was mathematically calculated and experimentally measured, providing error bounds for interpreting CMM-based material loss data. Median volume loss and MLD on the head bores were 1.63 (−2.56,12.49) mm3 and 27.94 (1.85,74.93) µm, respectively. Median head taper angle was statistically smaller than stem tapers angles, indicating distal engagement (p = 0.009). Maximum material loss was found to be on the portion of the head bore closest to the lesser trochanter, in an area of high stress and greatest contact with stem taper. This suggests continuous disturbance of the protective oxide in this region, promoting corrosive action. Stress may play a role in promoting corrosion, but further experimentation is necessary to fully characterize imprinting processes. A model of error was created for the interpretation of CMM measurements. The magnitude of material loss closely matched the interferometry results.
The Biomechanics and Retrieval Analysis of Orthopaedic Trauma Devices
Authors: Perkins Meredith , Lowell Julie , Assaf Dema , Weinlein John , Mihalko William M.
Published: June 2018

This chapter begins with providing an overview of the history and development of various orthopedic trauma devices, including dynamic compression plates, limited contact dynamic compression plates, and intramedullary nails. It then transitions into a discussion of the specific biomechanical properties of each design and how this allows each device to perform its necessary task effectively, as well has how these properties could potentially lead to failure. Understanding the biomechanics of each device may be helpful when choosing which devices best address the fracture being dealt with. Although all orthopedic trauma devices have a finite lifespan, this chapter documents the advantages and shortcomings of each device in order to help understand which devices may be most useful in specific types of fractures. Finally, retrieval studies for various devices are summarized to better understand the modes of failure for each type of device. Learning from failures and studying these retrievals may help to better understand these devices and could lead to development of better devices in the future.
Retrieval Analysis Experience at a Single Center since 1970 and Recommendations for Future Directions
Authors: Lemons Jack E. , Eberhardt Alan
Published: June 2018

Beginning in the 1970s, device retrieval analysis was conducted at our institution, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, to better understand surgical implant device biocompatibilities through studies of element (biomaterial) and force (biomechanical) transfers at host-device interfaces. Multidisciplinary investigations were initiated from analyses of clinical outcomes and examination of explants. Analyses included physical, mechanical, chemical, electrical, and combinations thereof for orthopedic and dental implants fabricated from synthetic origin biomaterials, with more than 8,000 specimens received. Hypotheses were tested concerning cause-effect relationships using a tiered classification approach, which resulted in peer-reviewed presentations and publications (STP1560, Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Replacement, and STP1591, Modularity and Tapers in Total Joint Replacement Devices). In the 1990s, the focus evolved to include the analysis of function of implants obtained through postmortem retrieval, with more than 1,000 “en bloc” specimens collected. Opportunities included longer-term evaluations of human outcomes for devices that were in place and functional at the time of donation. Direct comparisons of devices and tissues with laboratory and in vivo studies tested theories about cause-effect relationships. Selected studies are presented as examples that include the application of calcium phosphate coatings, particulates and porous blocks for bone grafting with dental implants, and surface stability of a contemporary total knee replacement intended to reduce the generation of wear debris. We conclude with recommendations for expanded analysis of postmortem specimens by qualified investigators as input to new consensus standards.
The Need for Standardization, Terminology, and Interfacing Retrieval Analysis with Registries
Authors: Ong Kevin L. , Chang Ellen T.
Published: June 2018

Many studies of implants that are removed at surgery concentrate on the physical findings obtained from the device itself, neglecting the patient and circumstances of treatment. On the other hand, clinical reviews, case reports, and implant registries tend to focus on the patient and may neglect an engineering description of the device. The recommended analytic approach to the study of retrieved devices is that of the traditional medical case history study, marrying both medical and engineering approaches. A careful accumulation of clinical findings, the development of a working hypothesis involving both the modes and mechanisms for implant behavior, and the use of clinical and engineering test methods to substantiate preliminary impressions will result in a cohesive view of device performance. Standardization of the type and terminology of information collected can help bridge retrieval analyses with clinical registries. This will facilitate the engineering analysis of retrievals, while incorporating patient-level data, so as to better understand patient and clinical factors that may be associated with clinical performance.
Current Status of Standards and Unmet Needs in Retrieval Analysis
Authors: Heim Christine S. , Greenwald A. Seth
Published: June 2018

No matter the discipline, detailed analyses of components that functionally or mechanically fail (or both) are invaluable for improving future design iterations. However, for these evaluations to provide useful information to the parties involved, methodologies need to be clearly defined that are standardized and support interlaboratory implementation. In these regards, and with particular focus on implantable medical devices, ASTM F561-13, Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids, does offer guidelines for these analyses; however, the level of detail provided for evaluation of the associated tissues and fluids far exceeds that provided for the retrieved medical device(s). To address the latter, this paper proposes the creation of an “Industry Reference Guide” to clearly define the specific damage modes for metals, polymers, and ceramics/glass utilized in medical devices in conjunction with a visual reference for damage scoring, which has been determined as an unmet need. Further, established qualitative and quantitative methodologies that should be considered for inclusion in the next revision of ASTM F561 are presented to address shortcomings of the existing standard. Although the proposals outlined in the following paragraphs may appear onerous, their intent is to promote interlaboratory comparison within the medical device industry through both education and the development of consensus-based grading/scoring scales.
Access and affordability of "healthy" foods in northern Manitoba? The need for Indigenous food sovereignty
Authors: Wendimu Mengistu Assefa , Desmarais Annette Aurélie , Martens Tabitha Robin
Published: June 2018

Despite widespread concerns about household food insecurity experienced by Indigenous peoples, there is limited empirical evidence about the availability and prices of healthy foods in First Nations rural communities located in northern Manitoba, Canada. To fill this research gap, this study examines the availability and affordability of fresh milk, fruits, vegetables, and several other selected food items; investigates the determinants of food prices; and examines the implications of paying higher food prices for individuals and communities in northern Manitoba. The research findings are based on a survey of fifty-two food items conducted in twenty-two communities and six focus group discussions with mothers, service providers, and community leaders. Our research indicates that in addition to limited availability of healthy foods, food prices in First Nations communities were significantly higher than in Winnipeg or non-First Nations urban centers. We conclude by pointing to some policy implications emerging from this research while also signaling the need for a more substantial and profound transformation that includes decolonizing food systems and building Indigenous food sovereignty.
Special issue on Indigenous Food
Authors: Desjardins Ellen
Published: June 2018

In the spring of 2016, I had a conversation with Dr. Kelly Skinner at the University of Waterloo that led to the mutual decision that we work towards a special issue of Canadian Food Studies on Indigenous Food. She was well connected with Canadian researchers, writers, activists, and artists on this topic, and felt that there was a plethora of potentially publishable material for such an issue. From the journal’s perspective, an Indigenous focus would embody important and relevant aspects of food culture, politics, knowledge, history, world views, and practices that should be featured and honoured in a special issue.
Šiuolaikinė Azerbaidžano pensijų sistema: reformos ir iššūkiai
Authors: Bitinas Audrius
Published: June 2018

The aim of this article is to define the legislationAzerbaijan state social security pension system and latest reforms, influenced by the recent economic crisis and demographic – social challenges, and to provide with the conclusionsin the state social guarantees context. In this paper author analyses challenges and presents conclusions and recommendations for further pension system reforms in Azerbaijan.
The Virtual Trojan Horse in Modern Conflicts
Authors: Al-Aridi Alaa
Published: June 2018

The article will examine the applicability of international laws to cyber affairs by focusing on cyber-attacks that fall under the jus ad bellum the law relating resort to the use of force in the cyber field; and analyzing the applicability of article 2/4 of the UN charter as well the right to self-defense articulated in article 51 of the UN charter; on the other hand will analyze how the legal parameters of IHL (jus in bello) apply to cyber operations in armed conflicts.
Praktiniai asmens sveikatos duomenų tvarkymo aspektai pagal Bendrąjį asmens duomenų apsaugos reglamentą
Authors: Januševičienė Justina
Published: June 2018

The aim of the Member States of the European Union to find a balance among main freedoms, granted bythe European Union, technological progress, the interests of public security and the rights of individuals wasaccomplished with the adoption of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the council onthe protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of suchdata, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). It is believed that besides importantdata protection novelties, with are being introduced by General Data Protection Regulation, it’s provisions willhelp to achieve significant progress in international cooperation in the field of lifesciences and healthcare, whichwere restricted due to disparities among countries concerning personal health data for a while. The article focuseson questions whether General Data Protection Regulation brings in enough legal clarity and legal certainty intohealthcare, which is bound by the principle of subsidiarity. The article also deals with practical aspects of applicationof personal health data processing provisions of General data protection regulation.
Analysis of functional profile and mobility in Parkinson’s disease: a cross sectional study
Authors: Gomes Wildja de Lima , Miranda Larissa Melo de Souza , Silva Neildja Maria da , Davi Gisele Kariny Souza , Costa Robison Carlos Silva , Regalado Isabelly Cristina , Cacho Roberta de Oliveira , Cacho Enio Walker Azevedo , Lima Núbia Maria Freire Vieira
Published: June 2018

Background: Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that has a prevalence of 18–328 per 100,000 in habitants in developing countries, with an estimated 3.3% of the Brazilian elderly population affected by PD throughout life. The classic symptoms include a resting tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability, which are all motor symptoms. The mobility of the subjects is compromised early, thus impairing their balance and limiting their ability to perform simple tasks. The restricted movement prevents dissociation between the head and trunk during walking, and freezing occurs as advanced disease reduces the progression of movements during walking. Objective: To analyze mobility and functionality profiles in subjects with Parkinson’s disease and compare them with healthy subjects. Method: A sample was consisted of 10 subjects with PD and 10 healthy elderly subjects. Assessment tools were used to quantify the severity of PD the scale Hoehn and Yah (HY), for mobility were used the Dynamic Parkinson’s Gait Scale (DYPAGS) and Modified Parkinson Activity Scale (PAS modified), for functionality were used the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and dual task (DT) performance. Results: The subjects with PD showed worse performance in mobility and DT as determined by the modified PAS (p=0.0001) and DYPAGS (p=0.0001). Correlations were found between the UPDRS, the Gait Freezing Questionnaire (FOG), the PAS modified score, left-hand grip strength and the HY values (p<0.05). There were no differences in prehensile muscle strength between PD and healthy subjects. Conclusions: Subjects with PD showed decreased mobility and functionality for activities related to ADLs, gait and DT compared to healthy elderly subjects. Disease severity, muscle strength and freezing were correlated with the mobility and DT performance in subjects with PD.
Proximate composition and fatty acid profile in different tissues of juvenile Siganus guttatus fed with Enteromorpha prolifera
Authors: Song C. , Zhao F. , Liu J. Y. , Wang Y. , Huang X. R. , Zhuang P.
Published: June 2018

The proximate composition and fatty acid profile of five tissues (head, skin, bones, muscle and liver) of juvenile Siganus guttatus fed with Enteromorpha prolifera were investigated. The results indicated that: (1) The content of protein and fat among these five tissues showed a significant differences (P Lass Than 0.05). The muscle has the highest content of protein and the lowest content of fat. (2) The highest content of fatty acid in SFA is 16:0 in all five tissues, the highest content of fatty acid in MUFA is18:1n-9c (cis) in skin, bones, muscle and liver, while the highest content of PUFA is DHA in muscle. Muscle contained the highest value of DHA and EPA, the total content was more than 100 times in bones. Muscle tissue is rich in many important polyunsaturated fatty acids such as EPA, DPA, DHA, ARA and ALA, which has better nutritional quality and immune and health function.
Influence of primed seed and varying seed rate on growth and productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) under different planting techniques
Authors: Jassal Rupinder Kaur , Singh Harmeet
Published: June 2018

An experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of priming, different seed rate on growth and seed yield of soybean planted under bed and flat method. The study was planned in factorial split plot design, keeping two planting techniques (flat sowing and bed sowing) and two seed priming treatments ( non primed seeds and 100 ppm GA3 primed seeds) in main plot and three seed levels ( 50, 62.5 and 75 kg ha-1) in sub plot. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming on growth and productivity under different planting techniques with the use of varying seed rates. The results revealed that growth attributes viz. emergence count, plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and photosynthetic active radiation interception (%) was significantly higher under bed planting technique as compared to flat sowing method. The pooled seed yield was increased by 15.6 % in bed planted soybean crop as compared to flat planted crop. Soybean seeds primed with 100 ppm GA3 recorded significant results in all the growth parameters. Primed seed recorded increase in yield 15.3 % than non primed seeds. Seed rate of 62.5 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher emergence count, plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and photosynthetic active radiation interception (%) which was statistically similar in results with 75 kg ha-1 seed rate in both the two years. Pooled seed yield of 62.5 kg ha-1seed rate was 4.61 % higher than 75 kg ha-1 and 12.6 % than 50 kg ha-1 seed rate.
Message from editor
Authors: Bozkurt Prof. Dr. Tulay
Published: June 2018

Message from Editor

Dear Readers,

It is a great honor for us to publish seventh volume, second issue of Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues (GJPR).

Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on psychological issues and related disciplines. The mission of the journal is to publish articles of professional interest for members of psychology. The scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to; the following major areas of psychology science including clinical psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, experimental psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, traffic psychology, forensic psychology, psychometric psychology, sports psychology, health psychology, educational psychology, media psychology and neuroscience psychology.

Articles focusing on loneliness levels of college students, trauma in cultural contexts, relationships between violent video games and cognition, Turkish adaptation and validation of Spielbergerâ€™s State Anger Subscale, writing skill difficulties for 'beginner' learners of the Arabic Language, valuing the educational changes in the Romanian educational system, relationship between gender and socio-economic level factors with psychological disorders in adolescents in Turkey and changing spatial belongings among migrantsâ€™ generations are included in this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2017 Volume.

A total number of twenty (20) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of eight (8) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.

We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.

 

Best regards,

 

Prof. Dr. Tulay Bozkurt

 

Editor â€“ in Chief
Depression as an outcome or cause of sexual dysfunctions: A review study
Authors: Baglama Basak
Published: June 2018

AbstractConsiderable research has indicated that there is a relationship between the occurrence of depression and sexualdysfunctions. This study aims to provide an overview of the issue of depression as an outcome or cause of sexualdysfunctions, by providing a review of results and inferences from various research works. In line with this aim, documentanalysis method as a qualitative research method was used in the study. Various published documents we re analysed after acomprehensive literature review on the research topic. The results of the present study suggest that there arecomplementary research results in the literature showing that depression may be regarded both as an outcome and a causeor precedent of sexual dysfunctions. Implications for further research and practices are also provided.Keywords: Depression, qualitative research, review, sexual dysfunctions.