bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗАПОЗИЧЕНОЇ ПРАЦІ В ЕПОХУ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Ліпич Любов
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to identify the essence of borrowed labor, the tools for its implementation, and the possibilities for its introduction in domestic enterprises. It has been established that for a successfully functioning society, it is important for labor markets to remain inclusive, provide those seeking employment with quality jobs, and offer adequate social protection. This requires the development and implementation of new technologies that lead to the rapid development of atypical forms of employment. HR managers need to modernize management tools so that, on one hand, the staff meets the expectations and needs of employees as much as possible, and on the other hand, aligns with the goals, settings, opportunities, and realities of the company's new business environment. However, HR specialists do not always possess the necessary competencies. It has been proven that since in many companies HR functions belong to those that serve the main process, it is advisable to use alternative forms of employment through the mediation of Professional Employer Organizations (PEOs). PEO is a company that offers outsourcing, leasing, or other staffing solutions, usually for small and medium-sized businesses. They handle services such as payroll processing, employee benefits, personnel management, tax administration, and regulatory compliance. The article identifies the advantages and disadvantages of working with PEOs. Delegating operational HR functions to PEOs does not replace the internal HR team. It is substantiated that in Ukraine, borrowed labor is a developing service. Borrowed labor is understood as a form of atypical employment in which an employee is transferred to the disposal of another employer. The application of borrowed labor occurs within the following schemes: 1) staff leasing; 2) outstaffing; 3) outsourcing; 4) temporary staffing. Borrowed labor is currently an emergency and the only option for quickly filling vacancies. Speed and quality of results are the most significant arguments in favor of using borrowed labor. The functions of Ukrainian organizations are limited only to the employment of workers. A list of additional functions that the Ukrainian market expects from staffing agencies has been identified.
АНАЛІЗ ЦІНОВИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ ТА СПОЖИВЧА ПОВЕДІНКА В КОНТЕКСТІ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Authors: Букало Надія , Ковальчук Олег
Published: November 2024

Abstract introduction. The article examines the views of scientists regarding the formation of price strategies. The main approaches to pricing are considered, with the help of which companies set optimal prices for their services and goods. Factors affecting the company's choice of pricing strategy and affecting consumer behavior are considered. It is conducted research in relation to behavior of consumers and built model of satisfaction of consumer necessities.
The purpose of the article. Consideration of pricing strategies of companies and their impact on consumer behavior. Researching consumer behavior and building a model for satisfying consumer needs in goods or services.
Methods.  Carrying out research the methods of abstraction, analysis, logical, theoretical and historical generalization and comparison are used. For basis of research a dialectical method is taken.
Results.  The article examines the main approaches to pricing, with the help of which companies set optimal prices for their services and goods. The factors affecting the company's choice of price strategy are considered, and the factors influencing consumer behavior are highlighted. Conducted research on consumer behavior. The proposed model of meeting the needs of consumers in goods or services, which contains 8 sections: the consumer's awareness of the need for the need for a product or service; collection of information; selection of goods or services; decision-making; purchase (payment) of goods or services; evaluation of the choice made and enrichment of experience; the degree of satisfaction of the need for a product or service and consumption of the results.
Conclusiоns.  After researching and analyzing the available types of marketing price strategies, business entities choose their own price strategy, taking into account certain existing tools, taking into account: characteristics of the service or product, market segment, market competition, competitor analysis, level of market demand, marketing strategies, etc. .. The use of the correct price strategy and the concept of pricing contributes to the achievement of goals: ensuring the stable financial condition of the business entity, meeting the needs of consumers.
The offered model in relation to satisfaction of necessities of consumers in commodities or services gives understanding to the process of making decision by consumers in relation to a purchase that is the basic factor of success of company in a competition environment. Companies, that is able to adapt oneself to the necessities of consumers and, to their requirements, that understand the customers, have more chances to retain and attract clients, promote a competitiveness and score a success at the market.
The question of the method of determining prices for certain types of services and the behavioral reaction of consumers requires further research.
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ НИЗЬКОВУГЛЕЦЕВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: МІСЦЕ В СИСТЕМІ СУЧАСНИХ ЕКОЛОГООРІЄНТОВАНИХ СУСПІЛЬНИХ КОНЦЕПЦІЙ
Authors: Горбач Вікторія
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The concept of a low-carbon economy is designed to solve the problem of climate change by transforming the socio-ecological-economic system based on the principles of zero greenhouse gas emissions. However, this issue is also addressed in most other environmentally oriented social concepts.
The purpose of the article. The purpose of this article is to determine the place of the low-carbon economy within the system of modern environmentally oriented concepts of social development.
Methods. The research was conducted by using general scientific and general economic methods. In particular, the most common methods were abstraction, generalization, comparison, induction, deduction, monographic method, axiomatic method, methods of retrospective and systematic analysis.
Results. To achieve this goal, the author analyzed the most popular of environmentally oriented social concepts: the concept of sustainable development, the green economy concept, the blue economy concept, the concept of the blue (ocean) economy, and the circular economy concept. Additionally, a schematic model was constructed to illustrate the position of the low-carbon economy within the system of environmentally oriented concepts of social development. The study provides a retrospective analysis of the inception and evolutionary development of each of the researched concepts. Their guiding ideas, main principles, goals, and tasks were identified. Furthermore, the article differentiates between complementary and interchangeable concepts and shows the horizontal and vertical connections among the reviewed concepts. It was established that the issue of global warming is considered in each of the analyzed concepts. Moreover, the relationship between the analyzed concepts and the low-carbon economy concept was examined.
Conclusions. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the low-carbon economy concept consolidates measures and mechanisms to address the important and urgent problem of climate change. Within the system of environmentally-oriented social concepts, the investigated concept occupies the place of a specialized concept focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change to achieve green growth and sustainable development. It is closely related to several other concepts through the common goal of finding ways to combat climate change. Consequently, the ideas of a low-carbon economy have become widespread in the concepts of sustainable development, the green economy, the blue economy, the blue (ocean) economy, and the circular economy.
НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ОБЛІКУ ТА КОНТРОЛЮ РОЗРАХУНКІВ З ПОСТАЧАЛЬНИКАМИ ТА ПІДРЯДНИКАМИ
Authors: Кулинич Мирослава , Мельник Катерина , Садовська Ірина , Мельник Дарина
Published: November 2024

Annotation. The organization of accounting for accounts payable at any enterprise is quite important, because it contributes to the reliability, correctness and transparency of the display of data from settlement transactions with suppliers and contractors. The article discusses the peculiarities of accounting for payments with suppliers and contractors. The purpose of the article is to clarify the economic meaning of the terms "supplier", "contractor", "creditor debt" and to reveal their role in the country's economy. It was determined that accounts payable is the organization's debt to other legal entities and individuals, which appears as a result of a time gap between the provision of goods and materials, the receipt of goods and services, the provision of services, the receipt of a preliminary cash advance and the date of their actual payment and fulfillment of obligations to third parties. The current legal acts regulating the accounting of settlements with suppliers and contractors were analyzed; the theoretical aspects of their accounting and analytical support are systematized, as well as the documentation of transactions with these counterparties is displayed. Ways and directions for further improvement of accounts payable management are proposed. It was revealed that with the help of keeping analytical documentation, accounts payable will be improved, namely, control of the timeliness of payments with each supplier or contractor for the delivered values ​​will be improved, and as a result, this will have a positive impact on the company's financial condition. It was identified that the main methods of managing payables are: control over the ratio of payables; assessment of accounts payable; analysis of settlements with creditors, their registration.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО БАНКІВСЬКОГО СЕКТОРУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Тур Олександр
Published: November 2024

Introduction. During the period of independence, several state-owned banks operated in Ukraine – from two in the 2000s to seven in 2013-2014 and 2024. Until 2008, the state’s share in the banking sector's assets was insignificant and amounted to approximately 6%. Since then, the share of state-owned banks has increased almost 10 times. Banks of the public sector are included in the list of critical infrastructure objects in the banking system and the list of authorized banks of Ukraine involved in work in the conditions of a special period.
The purpose of the article is to determine the main trends in the development of the state banking sector in Ukraine during the period of independence.
Methods. In the research process the following general scientific methods of knowledge were used, such as historical method (when studying the emergence and development of state banks in chronological order), generalization and comparison (when studying the essence of state banks, to compare the state banking sector of Ukraine and foreign countries), analysis (for assessment of the role of individual state-owned banks) and synthesis (for a generalized assessment of the share of the state-owned banking sector and the economic problems arising from it), a statistical method (in the study of quantitative indicators of the functioning of state-owned banks of Ukraine).
The results. The main stages of the development of the state banking sector of Ukraine were studied: the reasons for the creation of state banks and the nationalization of private ones, the results of these decisions for the economy and the financial system, and the change state banking sector’s share in the banking system were analyzed. The place of individual state banks in the banking system by size and share of assets is highlighted.
Conclusions. The main negative consequences of a high share of the state in the banking sector are summarized and the need to reform the state banking sector of Ukraine is formulated. The impracticality of privatizing the largest state-owned banks during the war has been substantiated.
ЛЮДСЬКИЙ КАПІТАЛ В КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ВІДКРИТОЇ НАУКИ
Authors: Павлова Олена
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Any economic system's development is only possible with capital participation. Over several centuries, a stable concept has emerged that considers human capital as an essential source of investment for innovation, scientific and technological progress, and the stable development of the state.
At the same time, the practical realization of this concept is associated with such categories as education, science, healthcare, competencies, skills, professional abilities of employees, intellectual output, etc.
The purpose of the article: The aim is to comprehensively investigate the innovative potential of human capital from the perspective of a driving force for progress in the knowledge age.
Methods: Modern science is based on openness and accessibility as tools of scientific search and research. Human capital is an essential element of this search, expressed in intellectual abilities, self-development, and theoretical and practical generalizations. The basis for more profound research and generalizations is the study of internal and external influences on the formation of human capital and the definition of its role in the scientific sense.
Results: Analyzing human capital through the prism of its structural formation, it is worth noting that its meaning has changed in different periods. In the twentieth century, when the economy was formed in the context of industrial development, human capital was focused on technological excellence and ingenuity.
In the 21st century, economic development is dominated by the intellectual and scientific component, which is the basis for the functioning of the national system.
Therefore, human capital in this period is gaining new meaning as a knowledge economy. In forming the country's national economy, the intangible form of capital is becoming increasingly important, where human resource is the basis of socio-economic development.
Conclusions. As a result of the theoretical analysis of existing approaches and new proposals, the innovative economic development model is developing dynamically. Human (intellectual) capital is prioritized in this model, stimulating informatization and introducing modern scientific and technological innovations.
Human capital is a complex phenomenon that adapts to modern innovative and technological changes and acts as an organizational motivator for achieving a high level of industrialization and a civilized environment.
ПОДАТКОВА СИСТЕМА УКРАЇНИ ТА КРАЇН ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Стащук Олена , Маслов Роман
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The tax system is one of the main tools of economic policy, which allows to regulate financial flows, stimulate economic development and ensure the stability of public finances. Comparing the tax systems of Ukraine and the European Union countries is important for understanding the ways of integration and adaptation of the Ukrainian economy to European standards, especially considering Ukraine's intentions to join the EU.
The purpose of the article. The goal of the research is to identify the peculiarities of the functioning of the tax system of Ukraine and the tax systems of the European Union and, on the basis of a comparative analysis, to identify their positive and negative characteristics.
Methods. The research methodology involves the use of a comprehensive approach, which includes the analysis and systematization of sources of scientific and practical literature, regulatory and legal framework and analytical data. The research uses methods of comparative analysis to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the analyzed tax systems, a system approach to determine the conceptual basis of the functioning of the tax system of Ukraine and the EU countries, as well as a method of logical generalization to formulate conclusions. At the same time, the article uses a tabular method to visually present the research results.
Results. The article defines the necessity of researching the tax systems of the countries of the European Union and the tax system of Ukraine. It was found that the level of taxation in Ukraine corresponds to the average European indicators. An analysis of rates for value added tax, personal income tax, and income tax in Ukraine and in such countries of the European Union as Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Poland and others was carried out. The analysis showed that Ukraine currently has one of the lowest tax rates for the three main taxes among the European countries under review. It has been proven that there is no ideal taxation system. The main advantages and disadvantages of the investigated tax systems are determined.
Conclusions. The importance of forming an optimal taxation system in Ukraine as a key element of the socio-economic development of the country in the conditions of military aggression is proven. The main imperatives for the development of the tax system of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration processes are proposed.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СІМЕЙНОГО БЮДЖЕТУ В УМОВАХ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ НЕСТАБІЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Проць Наталія , Козак Віта
Published: November 2024

Introduction. In the conditions of financial and economic instability, approaches to the formation and distribution of financial resources of the state, business and households have changed radically. Therefore, the study of the structure and features of forming the family budget is an objective requirement of the time.
The purpose of the article.. Study of the essence, analysis of the structure and problems of formation of family budgets of citizens in Ukraine.
Results. The authors of the article suggest that the family budget should be considered as a plan for the formation and use of cash income to ensure the well-being and appropriate standard of family living over a certain period of time. The analysis of the income structure of family budgets shows that the largest share is wages 57%, social benefits and transfers – 21%, profit and mixed income – 15%, income from property – 7%. During the studied period, the average monthly pension increased by 86.2%, the stipend by 53%, the minimum pension by 33.4%, the subsistence minimum by 38.33%, but in dollar equivalent it is 23%, 1.8%, -11.8% respectively. Important factors affecting the incomes of Ukrainian citizens are: the level of development of the country’s economy; the size of state social guarantees, the level of labor productivity; unemployment rate; the level of purchasing power of citizens; inflation; the structure of citizens’ expenses. It has been studied that in the conditions of war, the number of Ukrainians living on the edge of poverty has increased by 1.8 million since 2020, one of the indicators indicating a decrease in the level of income is an increase in the share of expenditure on food products in the general budget. According to the structure of family budgets, Ukrainians spend almost 66% on food and mandatory payments, which is twice the world average. During the war, the situation has changed, charity and donations occupy a larger part of family budget expenses compared to education or loan payments.
Conclusions. It is suggested that in order to ensure the stability of the financial condition of Ukrainian citizens, it is necessary to develop and implement effective measures for socio-economic support of the population’s standard of living and the creation conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses at the state and regional levels.
СУЧАСНІ КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО КАТЕГОРІЇ «АГРОСФЕРА»
Authors: Караїм Володимир
Published: November 2024

An analysis of contemporary scientific approaches to defining the category of «agrosphere» has been conducted. The features of its content, components, and main aspects of sustainable development have been examined. The importance of the agrosphere for ensuring food security, economic growth, social well-being, and environmental preservation has been substantiated.
Based on the aforementioned approaches, an author's definition of the researched category has been formulated, according to which the agrosphere is a complex system that integrates land use and agro-production, their economic, social, and environmental aspects, functioning based on sustainable land management, aimed at ensuring food security, sustainable development, and societal well-being. The agrosphere should include: all elements of agricultural production; the economic component; the social component; the environmental direction; and the institutional aspect. It is important to understand that the agrosphere is not static but continuously evolves under the influence of various factors.
For the sustainable development of the agrosphere, it is necessary to implement innovative technologies and practices, invest in infrastructure and human capital, create favorable conditions for the development of the agro-industrial complex, and ensure compliance with environmental norms and standards. Only through the combined efforts of the state, business, and the public can a stable and promising agrosphere be created. Being a life-supporting system, it ideally corresponds to the principles of the sustainable development concept. And it is precisely on the foundations of sustainability that its progress should occur.
DEMOCRATIC APPROACH IN ASSESSMENT: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN EXAMINATION REFORM
Authors: Bharty Samaresh , Hassan Md. Mozammil , Zaidi Zafar Iqbal
Published: November 2024

The assessment system is one of the most important as well as debatable components of our education system. In higher education of India, teaching-learning process is guided by the assessment rather than assessment for teaching-learning. The age old assessment system is also criticized for its rigid and non-democratic nature. This is appropriate for defining our traditional examination system. But the 21st century is very significant in context of examination reforms at all the levels of education. The revolutionary changes in assessment of students introduced many innovative practices. This article analyses the trend of recent examination reforms and conceptualized it as a paradigm shift in assessment ˗ ‘a democratic approach in assessment of students’ progress’. It is democratic in approach, because it ensures the spirit of democracy in assessment based on core democratic values. According National Education Policy-2020, Higher education Institutes (HEIs) shall also move away from high-stakes examinations towards more continuous and comprehensive evaluation. The article redefines the term ‘assessment’ under the democratic approach and explores the democratic values of assessment. This article provides argument in support of democratic approach in assessment for academic excellence.
SURMA NODIR CHOKHE JAL': SOCIO-CULTURE OF SURMA BARAK
Authors: Sharma Bubul
Published: November 2024

The village life of the region depicted in the Novel is Jagdishpur village of undivided Cachar district. This district has a special importance in terms of regional folk culture, the society of this region is formed based on the geographic environment, economy, education etc. of the region.The life-centered Novel 'Surma Nodir Chokhe Jal' depicts the fruits of real experience. The characters of this novel represent the village of Jagdishpur described in the novel. While describing the nature of Jagdishpur village and the life practices of the people, the novelist has presented various aspects of the folk culture of the region very well. We have noticed that being a major agricultural region, it is really surprising to think about the various stages of rice cultivation. Again through the songs, we noticed that the wedding songs that have been playing for a long time on various occasions are the bearers and bearers of their own traditional traditions. There is a variety of subject matter in the songs as well as a variety of style. There is a distinct language and expression of thought.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SMART AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
Authors: Chaudhary Kajal , Mishra Vivek Kumar
Published: November 2024

Modern farming is being transformed by smart agricultural systems, which use creative innovation for long-term sustainability. Examining the approaches of smart agriculture, this paper mostly focuses on precision farming, IoT integration, and data-driven decision-making procedures. Precision farming's toolkit consists of drones, sensors, and global positioning systems (GPS), meant to enhance crop management, efficiency, and quality of harvest. By means of IoT, agricultural processes may be automated and real-time monitored, thus improving water and energy efficiency, lowering environmental effect, and raising productivity. Using predictive insights made available by merging big data analytics with machine learning algorithms helps one better forecast and address issues like global warming, pest control, and soil health. This research examines case studies and pilot projects all over to better grasp what factors influence the scalability and acceptability of an implementation as well as what makes it successful. The paper contends that infrastructural development, farmer education, and supportive laws are vital if smart agriculture is to fully realize itself. It addresses the social and financial consequences as well as how it may improve food security, provide employment, and increase farmers' pay. Emphasizing the need of research and development expenditure, stakeholder involvement, and continuous innovation, the paper closes with a conversation about what the future holds. By the use of smart agriculture systems, which mix contemporary technology with time-honoured farming practices, sustainable agricultural development—including the protection of the environment and future generations' food supply—may be much strengthened.
CREATIVE CONVERGENCE AND FUSION OF FORMS: CROSS POLLINATION OF ART AND LITERATURE IN WESTERN AND INDIAN PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Pratibha
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the dynamic intersection between art and literature, focusing on the process of cross-pollination, where the two forms influence, enrich, and inspire one another. By examining key movements such as Romanticism, Surrealism, and Modernism, the study highlights how visual art and literary narratives have historically interacted to create new expressions of thought, emotion, and culture. Drawing on examples from Indian and Western traditions, the paper delves into the ways artists and writers borrow techniques, themes, and metaphors from each other, creating hybrid forms that challenge conventional boundaries. Special attention is given to the use of ekphrasis in literature, where art is translated into narrative, and the visual storytelling seen in artistic works that reflect literary themes. This interdisciplinary approach reveals how both art and literature serve as mirrors of societal values and human experiences, transcending medium-specific constraints. The paper argues that this cross-pollination not only diversifies creative expression but also fosters deeper connections between cultures and periods, expanding the scope of interpretation and aesthetic appreciation.
CLIMATE CHANGES AND AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN INDIA: ISSUE AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Deo Mangal
Published: November 2024

Global climate change refers to the long-term shifts in weather patterns that affect different regions of the world. In contrast, "weather" describes the short-term variations in wind, temperature, and precipitation in a specific area. Agriculture is the sector most vulnerable to climate change within the Indian economy. Long-term climate shifts can impact agricultural productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis, transpiration, moisture availability, and both the quantity and quality of crops. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), India's temperatures are expected to rise by 3-5°C by the end of the twenty-first century, which could lead to a reduction of 3-26% in net agricultural revenues. This poses a significant threat to global food security as it alters seasonal temperature patterns. A decline in agricultural output could result in increased prices and make food unaffordable for many. Without effective mitigation and adaptation strategies, agricultural revenues may drop by 12-40% in the coming years. This situation is particularly critical for an agrarian country like India, affecting livelihoods, economic development, and food and employment security. It is essential to identify and address the factors contributing to the rise in greenhouse gases and the degradation of soil and water resources. Urgent mitigation and adaptation measures are necessary to tackle the challenges posed by global climate change. Stakeholders must focus on how quickly Indian farmers can adjust their practices to cope with these changes and what policies or technological innovations could facilitate this adaptation. However, in a developing country like India, where many farmers lack financial resources and expertise, rapid adaptation may be challenging.
IMPATTING LIFE SKILLS THROUGH ACTIVITIES AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: A STUDY
Authors: Dheeraj Dhananjay , Rima Kumari
Published: November 2024

In the context of secondary school pupils, the purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness of life skills training that is being delivered via activities. Communication, problem-solving, decision-making, and greater self-awareness were some of the essential life skills that were emphasized throughout the training program. There was a total of ninety students that took part in this research. Using an approach that included both a pre-test and a post-test, the data was evaluated in order to discover fluctuations in the students' capabilities. Activity-based learning has been shown to be an effective method for enhancing students' life skills, as seen by the results, which demonstrate a considerable increase in a number of different life skill areas.
समुदाय आधारित आपदा जोखिम प्रबंधन: सेंदई रूपरेखा (2015-2030) के अंतर्गत आपदा जोखिम न्यूनीकरण को प्राप्त करने का एक प्रयास।
Authors: Suman Das  , Nain Gaurav , Suraj Prasad
Published: November 2024

वर्तमान समय में बढ़ती वैज्ञानिक और तकनीकी जानकारी के उपरांत भी, प्राकृतिक आपदा के प्रभाव को कम करना एक कठिन कार्य है। समुदाय आधारित आपदा जोखिम प्रबंधन (सी बी डी आर एम) सतत विकास का एक अभिन्न अंग है, जो समुदायों को स्थानीय स्तर पर आपदा जोखिमों की पहचान, मूल्यांकन और प्रबंधन के संबंध में निर्णय लेने के केंद्र में रखता है। हालाँकि आपदाएँ बड़े क्षेत्रों को प्रभावित करती हैं किंतु स्थानीय स्तर पर भी इसके प्रभाव गंभीर हैं। प्रस्तुत पेपर उत्तराखंड के चमोली जिले के एक क्षेत्र में कार्यक्रम को लागू करने के बाद समुदाय आधारित आपदा जोखिम प्रबंधन प्रक्रिया की अवधारणा से संबंधित है। कार्यप्रणाली को मूल रूप से दो चरणों में प्रस्तावित किया गया है: प्रथम सामुदायिक कमजोरियों का आकलन, सामुदायिक भागीदारी द्वारा चयनित गांव में कई खतरों की क्षमता और द्वितीय बहु खतरों और आपदा जोखिम शमन के लिए प्रशिक्षण और कौशल विकास द्वारा विशेषता सामुदायिक भागीदार।
CHINA’S CONTROL OVER THE CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR: THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE NATIVE PEOPLES OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Pradeep  , Mishra Vivek Kumar
Published: November 2024

Pakistan and China's relationship has always been characterized by political collaboration, economic connections, and as well as military collaboration. These connections have taken on new heights since 2015 when both have concentrated on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a group of initiatives that are part of Beijing's Belt and Road Initiative announced in 2013. Pakistan's political leadership refers to the CPEC as a "game changer" that will bring prosperity by revitalizing the fragile economy of the nation. CPEC has been praised as a project that will revolutionize Pakistan's economy and serve as a showcase of China's aspirations for the global economy. However, worries about political influence, economic reliance, and sovereignty have also caused debate within Pakistan. Although the Pakistani government presents the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a mutually beneficial development effort, the people of Pakistan are becoming more concerned about China's rising influence over the country's political and economic spheres and started opposition in Balochistan and other provinces. This article looks at how China's influence over the Pakistani government is reflected in the dynamics of the CPEC and analyses the subsequent disagreement and discontent among the Pakistani populace. It also explores how China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) ties into the larger geopolitical and economic consequences of CPEC and also concern for India.
INTRODUCE SOME CONCEPTS OF THE FRAMES IN HILBERT AND BANACH SPACES IN RANDOM VARIABLES
Authors: Kamal Kumar  , Virender  , Nikita Dalal
Published: November 2024

In this work, we establish various functional-analytical features of these decompositions and demonstrate their applicability to wavelet and gabor systems. First, we demonstrate the stability of atomic decompositions and frames under minor perturbations. This is motivated by analogous classical perturbation outcomes for bases, such as the Kato perturbation theorem and the Paley-Wiener basis stability requirements. The methodological contributions are concentrated on creating confidence bands, change-point tests, and two-sample tests because these procedures seem appropriate for the suggested situation. The reason for its selection and analysis in the thesis is its connection to operators. Frame sequences are created, and an investigation is conducted into a class of operators connected to a specific Bessel sequence, which turns it into a frame for every operator in the class.
STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF ANCIENT INDIAN MARITIME POWER
Authors: Mishra Vivek Kumar
Published: November 2024

India is a peninsular country bounded by the lofty Himalayas in the north, is surrounded by oceans and seas on three sides and has a 7,517 km long coastline. The Indian Ocean engulfs the country in its South. It has recently re-emerged as a sphere of power politics in International Relations. The following slok of Vishnu Purana illustrates the Geo-Strategic importance of Bharat.उत्तरं यत् समुद्रस्य हिमाद्रेश्चैव दक्षिणम् |वर्षं तद् भारतं नाम भारती यत्र सन्ततिः || विष्णु पुराण २.३.१The country that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam, there dwells the descendants of Bharat.China is in India’s backyard, an expansionist and imperialist power challenging the aspects of maritime security in the region, and Pakistan is a hostile neighbour, it is high time that a comprehensive framework of India’s maritime security is developed. As an ancient civilisation, the country has a rich legacy of its naval prowess. The civilisational culture from the ancient land of Bharat spread worldwide, especially in Southeast Asian, African, Central Asian, and East Asian countries through the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean, therefore, is not merely a waterbody. Instead, it captures the essence of India’s religion and cultural wave, transcending even to the neighbouring countries. India's history, art, mythology and literature are replete with numerous instances of the importance of the Indian Ocean in the lives of the Indian people. The cultural depth of the Indian civilisation is as deep as the Indian Ocean. Therefore, this article argues about the strategic relevance of ancient India’s maritime diplomacy.
Characteristics of Buffalo Milk Curd on Variations in Fermentation Time
Authors: HANANI IZZAH , Dewi Kurnia Harlina , Anggraini Tuty
Published: November 2024

Curd is a processed product from buffalo milk through a fermentation process. The clumping of fresh buffalo milk into curd occurs due to the presence of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in buffalo milk. Curd contains lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are beneficial for health. These bacteria not only extend the shelf life of food by inhibiting the growth of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria but also produce bioactive compounds that are good for the body.  LAB contained in curd even has probiotic properties. This research used a starter of 10% buffalo milk curd. In one production, 4500 ml of fresh buffalo milk and 500 ml of starter are used, yielding 3.8 kg of buffalo milk curd. The results of observations during 7 days of fermentation were water content (81.25-72.53%), ash content (0.93-0.89%), protein content (8.97-7.94%), fat content (7 .72-7.10%), carbohydrate content (1.13-11.54%), pH value (5.72-4.27), temperature (26.87-28.43oC), Total Lactic Acid Bacteria (1.6x109- 8.1x109 cfu/ml).
DETERMINATION OF NURSES 'ATTITUDES ABOUT OLD AGING AND AGING
Authors: GÜNER EMÜL Tuba , DÖNMEZ Çiler ÇOKAN
Published: November 2024

Bu araştırma, hemşirelerin yaşlılık ve yaşlanmaya ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapıldı. Yöntem: Araştırma örneklemini, Ocak-Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında xxxx ilinde bulunan bir kamu hastanesinin dahiliye
poliklinik ve servislerinde çalışan 164 hemşire oluşturdu. Elde edilen veriler yüzde değerler, student, tukey testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Araştırma dahilinde olan hemşirelerin yaş ortalamaları 35,59±9,1'dir. %89,3'ünün
kadın, %70,7'sinin evli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya dahil olan hemşirelerin yarıdan fazlasının (%67,7) lisans mezunu olduğu, %82,9'u nun çekirdek aile yapısına sahip olduğu, %56,7'sinin yaşlı ile birlikte yaşamak istediği
saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte hemşirelerin sadece %26,2'sinin geriatriye yönelik kurs aldığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada hemşirelerin Yaşlanma ve Yaşlılığa İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamalarının “120,73 ±37,42” olduğu
saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin klinikte yaşlı hasta bakma durumlarına göre Yaşlanma ve Yaşlılığa İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, hemşirelerin yaşlılık ve
yaşlanmaya ilişkin tutumlarının kısmen olumsuz olduğu saptanmıştır.
THE EVALUATION OF LEARNED HELPLESSNESS THESIS
Authors: YİĞİT Burcu
Published: November 2024

Kişiler zaman zaman inisiyatiflerinde olmayan, değiştiremeyecekleri durum, koşul ve olaylar ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Bunun sonucunda ise, hiçbir şeyin düzelmeyeceğine dair inançları ile tepkisiz kalmaktadırlar. Bu noktada,
öğrenilmiş çaresizlik kavramı karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öğrenilmiş çaresizlik alanında yazılmış tezlerin değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma amacına yönelik, Yükseköğretim Kurulu Tez Merkezi’ndeki erişime açık
olan tezler incelenmiştir. Tezler yayım yılları, üniversite isimleri, enstitüler, anabilim dalı, tez türü, tez dili, danışman unvanları, uygulama alanları ve araştırma yöntemine göre içerik analizi metodu ile incelenmiştir.Toplamda
48 adet erişime açık teze ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, en çok tezin 2009, 2011 ve 2019 yıllarında; en çok Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi’nde; Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’nde ve Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı’nda yazıldığı
tespit edilmiştir. Tezlerin en çok yüksek lisans tezi; Türkçe dilinde; Dr. Öğretim Üyesi danışmanlığında olduğu saptanmıştır. Uygulama alanı olarak en çok öğrenciler üzerinde ve araştırma yöntemi olarak ise en çok nicel araştırma
yönteminde çalışıldığı belirlenmiştir.
ANGIOGENIC FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH BONE SARCOMAS
Authors: Merkureva O.N. , Prishchep P.L. , Kuznetsov I.N. , Sokolov N.Yu. , Varfolomeeva S.R. , Kushlinskii N.E.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Primary bone sarcomas are relatively rare neoplasms. They occur predominantly in adolescents and young adults, are characterized by an aggressive clinical course and a high metastatic potential, have a poor prognosis. In this regard, the problem of stratifying the risk of metastasis and death in order to select the optimal treatment tactics always remains relevant. The study of such markers as endostatin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factors IGF-1, IGF-2 as potentially informative predictors of survival in patients with bone sarcomas is pathogenetically determined by their involvement in the processes of tumor growth and metastasis. Aim – to analyze the relationship between pre-treatment serum levels of endostatin, VEGF, IGF-1 and IGF-2 with overall survival rates in patients with bone sarcomas. Material and methods. An analysis of overall survival rates was carried out in 134 patients with malignant bone tumors aged from 1 to 73 years (Me=27.0 years; Q1–Q3: 18.0 – 43.0 years), among them 87 men (64.9%) and 47 women (35.1%). All patients comprised 4 groups: osteosarcoma (n=58), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (n=5), Ewing sarcoma (n=29), chondrosarcoma (n=42). In all of them, before the start of specific antitumor treatment, the levels of endostatin, VEGF, IGF-1, and IGF-2 in the blood serum were determined using enzyme immunoassay. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 229 months (Me=23.0 months; Q1–Q3: 10.0–121.0 months). To analyze overall survival, life tables and Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed. The effect of the studied serum markers on survival rates was assessed using the logrank test and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results. During observation, death occurred in 51 patients (38.1%). In the group of deceased patients, serum levels of endostatin and IGF-2 were statistically significantly increased compared to the group of surviving patients (p 0.001 and p=0.011, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the logrank test revealed statistically significant differences in overall survival between the four groups of patients with different serum levels of endostatin, IGF-1 and IGF-2. The Cox regression method established the prognostic significance of endostatin as a predictor of overall survival (HR=1.012; p=0.013). Conclusion. Endostatin, IGF-1, IGF-2 can serve as predictors of overall survival of patients with bone sarcomas.
PERMEABILITY OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER IN TOXIC PARKINSONISM
Authors: Gradinar M.M. , Chernykh I.V. , Abalenikhina Yu.V. , Shchulkin A.V. , Yakusheva E.N.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system with accumulation of alpha-synuclein and degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons. A number of studies have shown that one of the links in the pathogenesis of PD may also be microdamage of blood vessels. However, how these changes affect intercellular contacts of endothelial cells and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier has not yet been studied. The aim of the study. To study the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the level of proteins of intercellular contacts in experimental toxic par-kinsonism. Material and methods. The study was performed on male Wistar rats weighing 280-320 g. Toxic parkinsonism was modeled by subcutaneous ad-ministration of rotenone at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 1 time per day for 7 and 28 days. Dopamine levels were determined in the striatum and midbrain by the ELISA method, and the level of intercellular contact proteins occludin, E-cadherin and ZO-1 were analyzed in the cerebral cortex by the western blot. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier was assessed by penetration of Evans blue dye into brain tissue. Results. The administration of rotenone caused the development of experimental parkinsonism, which manifested itself in a typical clinical picture and a decrease in dopamine levels in the striatum and midbrain on days 7 and 28 of administration. At the same time, there was a decrease in the relative amounts of occludin, E-cadherin and ZO-1. These biochemical changes led to the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to the Evans blue dye on the 7th and 28th days of the experiment, which indicates an increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Conclusion. Thus, in rotenone-induced parkinsonism, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier increases, which is caused by a decrease in specific tight junction proteins that form the connection between endothelial cells and the perivascular microenvironment. The results obtained make a signifi-cant contribution to modern understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and allow to identify new approaches to its treatment.
INFLUENCE OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L. EXTRACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL HEPATITIS
Authors: Toropova A.A. , Sambueva Z.G. , Razuvaeva Ya.G. , Olennikov D.N. , Badmaev N.S. , Nikolaev S.M. , Khitricheyev V.E.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of dry extract of Calendula officinalis L. on the course of experimental hepatitis caused by the administration of carbon tetrachloride in male Wistar rats. Material and methods. The experimental hepatitis in Wistar rats was caused by four subcutaneous injections of a 50% oil solution of carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 4 ml/kg. The dry extract C. officinalis was administered intragastrically at a dose of 100 mg/kg to animals from the second day of the experiment for 20 days. The choleretic function of the liver was assessed in Wistar rats on 7th, 14th and 21th day. The intensity of oxidative stress, the state of the antioxidant system, the energy metabolism of hepatocytes and pathomorphological studies of the liver were held on 14th day. Results. It has been established that C. officinalis dry extract in an experimental therapeutic dose has a beneficial effect on the course of acute toxic hepatitis in rats, reduced the intensity of free radical oxidation, limited the inflammatory reaction, reduced the severity of the main manifestations of liver damage – cytolysis, cholestasis, and also corrected energy processes in hepatocytes. Pathomorphological studies confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of the extract C. officinalis. Conclusion. The dry extract C. officinalis at a dose of 100 mg/kg has a hepatoprotective effect in experimental toxic hepatitis.
Phylogenetic and Genetic Diversity of the Spiny Eel Mastacembelus unicolor (Mastacembelidae) from Kediri, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sufaichusan Ifa , Widodo Maheno Sri , Yuniarti Ating , Lestari Bela Fatma Hani Ayu , Kusuma Wahyu Endra
Published: November 2024

The spiny eel from the family Mastacembelidae are potential fish for aquaculture because it’s high economic value as an ornamental and as a consumption fish. Unfortunately, this fish have not been cultivated yet and up to present local people depend on wild-caught. This situation leads to severe population decline of this species in nature. Efforts to cultivate or protect this species in nature are therefore crucial. Species identification is the first and essential step performing domestication or conservation of a species. In this study, we conducted morphological identification as well as phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses using cytochrom c oxidase subunit I gene. The results revealed spiny eel from Kediri can be identified as Mastacembelus unicolor based on both morphological and molecular analyses. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that individuals from Kediri have the closest relationship to M. unicolor individuals from West Java. Individuals sequenced from Kediri exhibit identical haplotype which indicating no genetic polymorphism between individuals. The individuals of Mastacembelidae in the Kediri were morphologically and genetically identified as Mastacembelus unicolor. The genetic analysis result shows Kediri have 53.13% AT, 48.67% GC, and one haplotype with low hd and low π value.