bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of transmitted and non-transmitted parental BMI-associated alleles on the risk of overweight in childhood
Authors: Schnurr Theresia M. , Morgen Camilla S. , Borisevich Dmitrii , Beaumont Robin N. , Engelbrechtsen Line , Ängquist Lars , Have Christian T. , Freathy Rachel M. , Smith George Davey , Nohr Ellen A. , Hansen Torben , Sørensen Thorkild I. A.
Published: March 2020

Overweight in children is strongly associated with parental body mass index (BMI) and overweight. We assessed parental transmitted and non-transmitted genetic contributions to overweight in children from the Danish National Birth Cohort by constructing genetic risk scores (GRSs) from 941 common genetic variants associated with adult BMI and estimating associations of transmitted maternal/paternal and non-transmitted maternal GRS with child overweight. Maternal and paternal BMI (standard deviation (SD) units) had a strong association with childhood overweight [Odds ratio (OR): 2.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74; 2.34) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.43; 1.89)]. Maternal and paternal transmitted GRSs (SD-units) increased odds for child overweight equally [OR: 1.30 (95% CI 1.16; 1.46) and 1.30 (95% CI 1.16; 1.47)]. However, both the parental phenotypic and the GRS associations may depend on maternal BMI, being weaker among mothers with overweight. Maternal non-transmitted GRS was not associated with child overweight [OR 0.98 (95% CI 0.88; 1.10)] suggesting no specific influence of maternal adiposity as such. In conclusion, parental transmitted GRSs, based on adult BMI, contribute to child overweight, but in overweight mothers other genetic and environmental factors may play a greater role.
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 leads to erlotinib resistance, initiating crosstalk of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways, in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Lin Ying , Higashisaka Kazuma , Shintani Takuya , Maki Ayaka , Hanamuro Sachiyo , Haga Yuya , Maeda Shinichiro , Tsujino Hirofumi , Nagano Kazuya , Fujio Yasushi , Tsutsumi Yasuo
Published: March 2020

In non-small-cell lung cancer, mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stimulates cell proliferation and survival. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) such as erlotinib are used as first-line therapy with drastic and immediate effectiveness. However, the disease eventually progresses in most cases within a few years due to the development of drug resistance. Here, we explored the role of progesterone membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) in acquired resistance to erlotinib and addressed the molecular mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance induced by PGRMC1. The erlotinib-sensitive cell line PC9 (derived from non-small-cell lung cancer) and the erlotinib-resistant cell line PC9/ER were used. In proteomic and immunoblotting analyses, the PGRMC1 level was higher in PC9/ER cells than in PC9 cells. WST-8 assay revealed that inhibition of PGRMC1 by siRNA or AG-205, which alters the spectroscopic properties of the PGRMC1-heme complex, in PC9/ER cells increased the sensitivity to erlotinib, and overexpression of PGRMC1 in PC9 cells reduced their susceptibility to erlotinib. In the presence of erlotinib, immunoprecipitation assay showed that AG-205 suppressed the interaction between EGFR and PGRMC1 in PC9/ER cells. AG-205 decreased the expression of β-catenin, accompanied by up-regulation of IκBα (also known as NFKBIA). Furthermore, AG-205 reduced the expression of β-TrCP (also known as BTRC), suggesting that PGRMC1 enhanced the crosstalk between NF-κB (also known as NFKB) signaling and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in an erlotinib-dependent manner. Finally, treatment with the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 enhanced the sensitivity of PC9/ER cells to erlotinib. These results suggest that PGRMC1 conferred resistance to erlotinib through binding with EGFR in PC9/ER cells, initiating crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways.
Efficacy of antiseptics in a novel 3-dimensional human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM)
Authors: Besser M. , Dietrich M. , Weber L. , Rembe J. D. , Stuermer E. K.
Published: March 2020

The increasing incidence of non-healing wounds constitutes a pivotal socio-economic burden. 60–80% of chronic wounds are colonized by pathogenic microorganisms within a protective extracellular polymeric substance, bearing a great challenge in wound management. Human plasma was used to prepare the biofilm model (hpBIOM), adding pathogens to the plasma and forming Coagula-like discs with integrated pathogens were produced. The antiseptics Octenisept and Lavasorb were tested regarding their antibacterial properties on clinically relevant biofilm-growing bacteria (MRSA,P. aeruginosa) in the hpBIOM. Biofilm-typical glycocalyx-formation was confirmed using immunohistochemical staining. Treatment of a 12 h-maturated biofilm with Octenisept resulted in complete eradication ofP. aeruginosaand MRSA after 48 h. Lavasorb proved less effective than Octenisept in this setting. In more mature biofilms (24 h), both antiseptics showed a delayed, partially decreased efficacy. Summarized, the hpBIOM provides essential factors for a translational research approach to be used for detailed human biofilm analyses and evaluation of antimicrobial/-biofilm properties of established and novel therapeutic strategies and products. Octenisept and Lavasorb showed an attenuated efficacy in the hpBIOM compared to planktonic conditions and previously published biofilm-studies, prompting the question for the necessity of introducing new international standards and pre-admission requirements on a translational base.
A conserved motif in three viral movement proteins from different genera is required for host factor recruitment and cell-to-cell movement
Authors: Navarro José A. , Serra-Soriano Marta , Corachán-Valencia Lorena , Pallás Vicente
Published: March 2020

Due to their minimal genomes, plant viruses are forced to hijack specific cellular pathways to ensure host colonization, a condition that most frequently involves physical interaction between viral and host proteins. Among putative viral interactors are the movement proteins, responsible for plasmodesma gating and genome binding during viral transport. Two of them, DGBp1 and DGBp2, are required for alpha-, beta- and gammacarmovirus cell-to-cell movement, but the number of DGBp-host interactors identified at present is limited. By using two different approaches, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we found three Arabidopsis factors, eIF3g1, RPP3A and WRKY36, interacting with DGBp1s from each genus mentioned above. eIF3g1 and RPP3A are mainly involved in protein translation initiation and elongation phases, respectively, while WRKY36 belongs to WRKY transcription factor family, important regulators of many defence responses. These host proteins are not expected to be associated with viral movement, but knocking out WRKY36 or silencing either RPP3A or eIF3g1 negatively affected Arabidopsis infection by Turnip crinkle virus. A highly conserved FNF motif at DGBp1 C-terminus was required for protein-protein interaction and cell-to-cell movement, suggesting an important biological role.
Ecophysiological traits of highly mobile large marine predators inferred from nucleic acid derived indices
Authors: Alves F. , Dromby M. , Baptista V. , Ferreira R. , Correia A. M. , Weyn M. , Valente R. , Froufe E. , Rosso M. , Sousa-Pinto I. , Dinis A. , Dias E. , Teodósio M. A.
Published: March 2020

Nucleic acid-derived indices such as RNA/DNA ratios have been successfully applied as ecophysiological indicators to assess growth, nutritional condition and health status in marine organisms given that they provide a measure of tissue protein reserves, which is known to vary depending on changes in the environment. Yet, the use of these biochemical indices on highly mobile large predators is scarce. In this study, we tested the applicability of using nucleic acids to provide insights on the ecophysiological traits of two marine mammal species (common bottlenose dolphins and short-finned pilot whales) and explored potential related factors (species, sex, season, and residency pattern), using skin tissue (obtained from biopsy darts) of apparently healthy and adult free-ranging animals. Significantly higher RNA/DNA ratios were obtained for bottlenose dolphins (p < 0.001), and for visitor pilot whales when compared with resident pilot whales (p = 0.001). No significant changes were found between the sexes. Based on the percentile approach, the samples contain individuals in a general good condition (as the 10thpercentile is not closer to the mean than the 75thpercentile), suggesting that the studied region of Macaronesia may be considered an adequate habitat. The combination of this effective tool with genetic sexing and photographic-identification provided an overall picture of ecosystem health, and although with some limitations and still being a first approach, it has the applicability to be used in other top predators and ecosystems.
Early silica crust formation in planetesimals by metastable silica-rich liquid immiscibility or cristobalite crystallisation: the possible origin of silica-rich chondrules
Authors: Faure François
Published: March 2020

The formation and differentiation processes of planetesimals—small bodies in the solar system—remain actively debated. Planetesimal differentiation is known to have occurred early (<1.5 Myr after the formation of Ca-Al-rich inclusions), as attested by the ages of iron meteorites. Metal-silicate segregation implies global-scale melting, induced by heat released from short-lived radiogenic isotopes, and the consequent generation of a silicate magma ocean. Thermodynamic calculations show that silicate magma crystallisation would have induced silicate-silicate differentiation, leading to the formation of a thick olivine-dominated “mantle” and a thin basaltic “crust”. However, thermodynamic modelling of magma ocean crystallisation does not produce any silica phases. Here I experimentally show that crystallisation of a chondritic liquid does not follow the thermodynamically predicted path. Silica phases are generated early (before 55% differentiation) as a function of initial magma ocean temperature. As cristobalite or liquid silica phases are less dense than residual liquids or olivine, silica phases could have formed proto-crusts that would have acted as buoyant lids at the surfaces of planetesimals, allowing the eventual accretion and preservation of debris (chondrites). Moreover, the destruction of such a crust by impacts could provide an explanation for the origin of the silica reservoir that condensed around some chondrules.
Enhancement of corrosion resistance of the cooling systems in desalination plants by green inhibitor
Authors: Deyab M. A. , Guibal Eric
Published: March 2020

Taraxacum officinaleextract (TOE) has been tested for preventing the corrosion of cooling systems in desalination plants. The inhibition of corrosion effects has been characterized by chemical and electrochemical methods (Mass loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and surface observations. Tests on cooling systems were carried out in seawater environment. The presence of TOE in the re-circulation loop decreases the corrosion of carbon steel by adsorption of TOE compounds on the surface of metal pipes. The optimum TOE concentration was reached at 400 mg L−1and the inhibition efficiency was higher than 94%. TOE allowed increasing the energy barrier of the corrosion process. SEM, FT-IR and UV spectra observations confirmed that TOE prevents corrosion attacks at the surface of the pipes. HPLC analyses identified the presence of saccharides, organic acids, phenol antioxidant and caffeic acid derivatives in TOE, which may be the active promoters of corrosion inhibition.
The development and validation of a GC-MS method for the quantification of glycolaldehyde formed from carbohydrate fragmentation processes
Authors: Fathalinejad Samin , Taarning Esben , Christensen Peter , Christensen Jan H.
Published: March 2020

Glycolaldehyde is a small sugar-like molecule that is readily formed by the thermochemical fragmentation of carbohydrates and it has similar physico-chemical properties to sugars.
Pasteur made simple – mechanochemical transformation of racemic amino acid crystals into racemic conglomerate crystals
Authors: Viedma Cristóbal , Lennox Cameron , Cuccia Louis A. , Cintas Pedro , Ortiz José E.
Published: March 2020

Racemic compounds of proteinogenic amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine were transformed to their corresponding conglomeratesviaa metal-mediated mechanochemical process.
Large-sized graphene oxide synergistically enhances parenchymal hepatocyte IL-6 expression monitored by dynamic imaging
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Ma Cong , Wang Zhengjun , Zhou Qianqian , Sun Sujing , Ma Ping , Lv Liping , Jiang Xinquan , Wang Xiaohui , Zhan Linsheng
Published: March 2020

Graphene Oxide synergized with pro-inflammation cytokines secreted by M1 polarized Kupffer cells and initiated hepatocyte IL-6 expression through individual NF-κB signal pathway.
The Laplace approach in microrheology
Authors: Li Qi , Peng Xiaoguang , Chen Dongjie , McKenna Gregory B.
Published: March 2020

Use of the Fourier transform in the generalized Stokes–Einstein relation for micro-rheological analysis can give different results from the direct inverse Laplace approach. The latter gives better agreement with bulk rheology and should be preferred.
Fabrication of a waterborne, superhydrophobic, self-cleaning, highly transparent and stable surface
Authors: Yang Tinghan , Wang Meng , Wang Xin , Di Xin , Wang Chengyu , Li Yudong
Published: March 2020

Superhydrophobic surfaces have received tremendous attention worldwide.
Disposable paper strips for carboxylate discrimination
Authors: Xu Yifei , Bonizzoni Marco
Published: March 2020

A fluorescent macromolecular chemosensor, built from readily available components, performs chemical fingerprinting of carboxylate anions on low-cost, disposable paper supports.
Unprecedented tin iodide perovskite-like structures featuring ordering of organic moieties
Authors: McNulty Jason A. , Lightfoot Philip
Published: March 2020

Two new hybrid tin iodide perovskites displaying unusual structural features mediated by ordering of organic moieties are presented.
para-Selective arylation and alkenylation of monosubstituted arenes using thianthrene S-oxide as a transient mediator
Authors: Chen Xiao-Yue , Nie Xiao-Xue , Wu Yichen , Wang Peng
Published: March 2020

Using thianthrene S-oxide (TTSO) as a transient mediator, para-arylation and alkenylation of mono-substituted arenes have been demonstrated via a para-selective thianthrenation/Pd-catalyzed thio-Suzuki–Miyaura coupling sequence under mild conditions.
Aqueous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using metal complexes dispersed in polymer ion gels
Authors: Sato Shunsuke , McNicholas Brendon J. , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: March 2020

The polymer ion gel support can improve electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using metal complex catalysts in water.
Hydrogen order at the surface of ice Ih revealed by vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Nojima Yuki , Shioya Yuki , Torii Hajime , Yamaguchi Shoichi
Published: March 2020

A combination of heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation spectroscopy and theoretical modeling elucidates that the surface of ice Ih at 100 K has hydrogen order with the OH group pointing upward to the air (“H-up” orientation).
CH4 conversion over Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of oxygen: decomposition or dehydroaromatization?
Authors: Xu Yuebing , Chen Mengyao , Liu Bing , Jiang Feng , Liu Xiaohao
Published: March 2020

Complete CH4 decomposition occurs over Ni clusters supported on HZSM-5 zeolite, while CH4 forms aromatics over Ni-exchanged sites on HZSM-5 with high selectivity, in the absence of O2.
Effects of fixed charge group physicochemistry on anion exchange membrane permselectivity and ion transport
Authors: Ji Yuanyuan , Luo Hongxi , Geise Geoffrey M.
Published: March 2020

Understanding the effects of polymer chemistry on membrane ion transport properties is critical for enabling efforts to design advanced highly permselective ion exchange membranes for water purification and energy applications.
Counting cations involved in cationic clusters of hydroxy-functionalized ionic liquids by means of infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Strate Anne , Neumann Jan , Niemann Thomas , Stange Peter , Khudozhitkov Alexander E. , Stepanov Alexander G. , Paschek Dietmar , Kolokolov Daniil I. , Ludwig Ralf
Published: March 2020

Sensitive probe of like-charge attraction: analyzing infrared spectra allows counting the number of cations involved in clusters of opposite (c–a) and like-charged (c–c) ions in ionic liquids. This approach is also applicable to molecular liquids.
Solar-driven plasmonic heterostructure Ti/TiO2−xwith gradient doping for sustainable plasmon-enhanced catalysis
Authors: Cheng Chaoqun , Akram Muhammad Nadeem , Nilsen Ola , Pryds Nini , Wang Kaiying
Published: March 2020

Plasmonic heterostructure Ti/TiO2−xwith gradient doping exhibits strong surface plasmon resonances in the visible light spectrum for sustainable plasmon-enhanced catalysis.
Stereospecific interactions between chiral inorganic nanomaterials and biological systems
Authors: Zhao Xueli , Zang Shuang-Quan , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2020

Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and plays mysterious and essential roles in maintaining key biological and physiological processes.
Novel La(OH)3-integrated sGO-Ag3VO4/Ag nanocomposite as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for fast degradation of agricultural and industrial pollutants
Authors: Priyanka Ragam N. , Joseph Subi , Abraham Thomas , Plathanam Neena J. , Mathew Beena
Published: March 2020

The composite described couples the benefits of hydroxyl radical formation from sunlight-inactive La(OH)3and strong sunlight absorption by Ag3VO4.
Zn- and Cd-based coordination polymers with a novel anthracene dicarboxylate ligand for highly selective detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Aleksovska Angela , Lönnecke Peter , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: March 2020

Electrodes modified with inorganic Zn- and Cd-based coordination polymers with a conjugated anthracene dicarboxylate ligand can serve as electrocatalytic materials for highly selective detection of H2O2.
Synthesis and study of Fe → Pd interactions in unsymmetric Pd(ii) complexes with phosphinoferrocene guanidine ligands
Authors: Bárta Ondřej , Gyepes Róbert , Císařová Ivana , Alemayehu Adam , Štěpnička Petr
Published: March 2020

Newly prepared phosphinoferrocene guanidines coordinate Pd(ii) as donor-unsymmetric, P,N-chelating ligands or in κ3P,N,Fe-mode with Fe–Pd dative interactions.
In situ construction of a self-assembled AIE probe for tumor hypoxia imaging
Authors: Xue Tianhao , Shao Kuanchun , Xiang Jingyuan , Pan Xinyi , Zhu Zixuan , He Yaning
Published: March 2020

A novel hypoxia-responsive fluorescent probe of a hydrophilic azobenzene containing copolymer combined with a carbamate linkage and anionic water-soluble tetraphenylethene by using the in situ self-assembly concept for tumor hypoxia imaging is reported.
Ammonium acetate passivated CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals for efficient red light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhu Yongsheng , Zhao Jun , Yang Gang , Xu Xiumei , Pan Gencai
Published: March 2020

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have very recently emerged as promising emitters for their superior optoelectronic properties.
Access to chiral α-substituted-β-hydroxy arylphosphonates enabled by biocatalytic dynamic reductive kinetic resolution
Authors: Wang Zexu , Zeng Yiping , Wu Xiaofan , Li Zihan , Tao Yuan , Yu Xiaomin , Huang Zedu , Chen Fener
Published: March 2020

A ketoreductase (KRED)-catalyzed dynamic reductive kinetic resolution process was developed for highly stereoselective and step-economic synthesis of chiral α-substituted-β-hydroxy arylphosphonates.
Unraveling the complexation mechanism of actinide(iii) and lanthanide(iii) with a new tetradentate phenanthroline-derived phosphonate ligand
Authors: Xu Lei , Pu Ning , Ye Gaoyang , Xu Chao , Chen Jing , Zhang Xingwang , Lei Lecheng , Xiao Chengliang
Published: March 2020

The separation and complexation mechanisms of actinide(iii) and lanthanide(iii) with a new phenanthroline-derived phosphonate ligand were studied experimentally and theoretically.
Trace tungsten and iron-doped nickel hydroxide nanosheets for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Chun , Tian Peng , Pang Hongchang , Gong Weitao , Ye Junwei , Ning Guiling
Published: March 2020

Trace Fe, W-co-doped Ni(OH)2 nanosheet arrays on carbon cloths showed excellent oxygen evolution catalytic activity.
Rod–coil block copolymer aggregates via polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: Lv Yisheng , Wang Liquan , Liu Fan , Feng Weisheng , Wei Jie , Lin Shaoliang
Published: March 2020

This work presents a systematic dissipative particle dynamics simulation study on the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of rod–coil block copolymers.
A leaf-like Al2O3-based quasi-solid electrolyte with a fast Li+ conductive interface for stable lithium metal anodes
Authors: Wen Ziyue , Li Yuejiao , Zhao Zhikun , Qu Wenjie , Chen Nan , Xing Yi , Ma Yue , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: March 2020

We fabricate a leaf-like solid-state electrolyte with a fast Li+ conductive interface for Li metal anodes.
Mechano-electric coupling in P(VDF–TrFE)/spin crossover composites
Authors: Piedrahita-Bello Mario , Martin Baptiste , Salmon Lionel , Molnár Gábor , Demont Philippe , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: March 2020

Spin crossover particles dispersed in a piezo/ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoro-ethylene), P(VDF–TrFE), matrix give rise to inspiring mechano-electric phenomena, with possible applications for energy harvesting and sensing.
Retinoid X receptor agonists attenuates cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes through LKB1-dependent anti-fibrosis effects
Authors: Chai Dajun , Lin Xiaoyan , Zheng Qiaowen , Xu Changsheng , Xie Hong , Ruan Qinyun , Lin Jinxiu , Liu Jie , Zeng Jinzhang
Published: March 2020

Diabetic cardiac fibrosis increases ventricular stiffness and facilitates the occurrence of diastolic dysfunction. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) plays an important role in cardiac development and has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of RXR agonist treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and the underlying mechanism. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats induced by STZ injection were treated with either RXR agonist bexarotene (Bex) or vehicle alone. Echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with high glucose (HG) with or without the indicated concentration of Bex or the RXR ligand 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA). The protein abundance levels were measured along with collagen, body weight (BW), blood biochemical indexes and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels. The effects of RXRα down-regulation by RXRα small interfering RNA (siRNA) were examined. The results showed that bexarotene treatment resulted in amelioration of left ventricular dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Immunoblot with heart tissue homogenates from diabetic rats revealed that bexarotene activated liver kinase B1 (LKB1) signaling and inhibited p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K). The increased collagen levels in the heart tissues of DCM rats were reduced by bexarotene treatment. Treatment of CFs with HG resulted in significantly reduced LKB1 activity and increased p70S6K activity. RXRα mediated the antagonism of 9-cis-RA on HG-induced LKB1/p70S6K activation changes in vitro. Our findings suggest that RXR agonist ameliorates STZ-induced DCM by inhibiting myocardial fibrosis via modulation of the LKB1/p70S6K signaling pathway. RXR agonists may serve as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of DCM.
Calcul électromagnétique de micro et nanostructures photoniques périodiques
Authors: Besbes Mondher , Hugonin Jean-Paul , Sauvan Christophe
Published: March 2020

Depuis plus de vingt ans, la photonique bénéficie à la fois des techniques de micro et nanofabrication développées par l’industrie de la microélectronique, et des progrès des processus de synthèse chimique et biochimique. C’est ainsi que les composants optiques et optoélectroniques incluent des micro et nanostructures à la géométrie de plus en plus complexe et de mieux en mieux contrôlée. Cet essor de la nanophotonique s’est accompagné d’un accroissement des besoins en calcul électromagnétique des propriétés optiques de micro et nanostructures.
Welche Qualität macht den Unterschied?
Authors: Dacho Andreas
Published: March 2020

In kaum einem anderen Bereich ist das Ergebnis so offensichtlich, wie bei der
plastisch-ästhetischen Nasenchirurgie. Umsomehr spielen sowohl die Qualität des
Eingriffs und im Bereich der Ästhetik die Qualität des Ergebnisses eine
herausragende Rolle. Hierbei sind die Erwartungen und der Anspruch des Operateurs nicht immer
deckungsgleich mit der des Patienten. Des Weiteren haben Kostenträger, im Falle von
Kombinationsoperationen, einen eigenen Fokus zum Thema Qualität, der häufig mit
Wirtschaftlichkeit verwechselt wird. Objektive Kriterien spielen für den Arzt eine
wesentliche Rolle, wobei für die Patienten sehr häufig weiche Kriterien von
wesentlicher Bedeutung sind. Dies ist umso diffiziler, da Schönheit im Auge des
Betrachters liegt und mit funktionellen Kriterien, wie Atmung und Riechen vereinbar sein
müssen. In der Vielzahl von Qualitätskriterien fällt es dem Laien
schwer die richtige Arztwahl zu treffen, insbesondere angesichts unzähliger Siegel,
Zertifkate und des Einflusses des Internets bzw. von Social Media. Aber auch der Chirurg muss
aus einer Vielzahl von Kongressen, Kursen und Symposien herausfinden, welche dieser
Veranstaltungen eine bestimmte Mindestqualität garantiert. Trotz einer enormen
Veränderung und Verfeinerung der rhinochirurgischen OP-Techniken im Rahmen der letzten
Jahrzehnte, wird die Ergebnisqualität seitens der Patienten konstant vor die
Prozedurqualität gestellt. Dieses Referat versucht eine Standortbestimmung
möglichst objektivierbarer Qualitätsindikatoren in Kombination mit
unterschiedlichen Anforderungen und Standpunkten zum Thema Qualität – aus Sicht
des Arztes, des Patienten und des Kostenträgers – zu beleuchten und diese im
Spiegel sich verändernder OP-Techniken der plastisch-ästhetischen
Nasenchirurgie zu betrachten.
Antithrombotische Therapie des chronischen Koronarsyndroms
Authors: Leschke Matthias
Published: March 2020

In den neuen ESC-Leitlinien zum chronischen Koronarsyndrom werden aktuelle, evidenzbasierte antithrombotische Therapiekonzepte angeführt. Auf der Basis der aktuellen Studienlage wird bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern und Koronarstenting bevorzugt eine duale antithrombotische Therapie aus einem NOAK und einem P2Y12-Inhibitor empfohlen. In der Phase des chronischen Koronarsyndroms wird bei Patienten mit zuvor erfolgtem Koronarstenting oder nachgewiesener chronischer Koronarer Herzkrankheit eine Monotherapie mit einem NOAK oder einem Vitamin-K-Antagonisten empfohlen. Für Patienten mit einem erhöhten ischämischen Ereignisrisiko, aber geringem Blutungsrisiko wird eine verlängerte intensivierte antithrombotische Therapie mit einer zweiten antithrombotischen Substanz diskutiert. Im direkten Vergleich einer verlängerten dualen Plättchenhemmung bei Post-Myokardinfarkt-Patienten (PEGASUS-Prinzip) erscheint eine antithrombotische Therapie aus niedrigdosiertem Rivaroxaban kombiniert mit ASS aufgrund des Mortalitätsbenefits mit möglicherweise geringerer Blutungsneigung vorteilhafter (COMPASS-Strategie).
Thrombozytenhemmung bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
Authors: Said Samer Al , Bode Christoph , Dürschmied Daniel
Published: March 2020

Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 weisen eine hohe Thrombozytenreaktivität auf und haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für ischämische Ereignisse. Es wurde vermutet, dass ein vermindertes Ansprechen auf Thrombozytenhemmer zu mehr ischämischen Ereignissen führen könnte. Hieraus könnte sich wiederum die Notwendigkeit für eine individuelle Thrombozytenhemmung bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 ergeben. Tatsächlich verhindert eine intensive Thrombozytenhemmung ischämische Ereignisse bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus effektiver als bei Patienten ohne Diabetes mellitus. Während wirksamere Thrombozytenhemmer und eine Verlängerung der dualen Thrombozytenhemmung ischämische Ereignisse verhindern, ist die Zunahme der Blutungskomplikationen weiterhin ein relevantes Problem. Daher stehen Strategien zur Reduzierung ischämischer Ereignisse bei gleichzeitiger Minimierung des Risikos für Blutungskomplikationen im Zentrum aktueller Studien. Zu den neuen Strategien gehören das Absetzen von Aspirin und die Aufrechterhaltung der Therapie mit einem wirksamen P2Y12-Rezeptorinhibitor sowie die Anwendung einer niedrig dosierten oralen Antikoagulanzientherapie zusätzlich zu Aspirin. Mit diesem Artikel wollen wir aktuelle Studienergebnisse zusammenfassen, die die Thrombozytenhemmung bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 untersuchten.
Tractography in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review of Current Applications
Authors: Wende Tim , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Meixensberger Jürgen
Published: March 2020

The ability to visualize the brain's fiber connections noninvasively in vivo is relatively young compared with other possibilities of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although many studies showed tractography to be of promising value for neurosurgical care, the implications remain inconclusive. An overview of current applications is presented in this systematic review. A search was conducted for ((“tractography” or “fiber tracking” or “fibre tracking”) and “neurosurgery”) that produced 751 results. We identified 260 relevant articles and added 20 more from other sources. Most publications concerned surgical planning for resection of tumors (n = 193) and vascular lesions (n = 15). Preoperative use of transcranial magnetic stimulation was discussed in 22 of these articles. Tractography in skull base surgery presents a special challenge (n = 29). Fewer publications evaluated traumatic brain injury (TBI) (n = 25) and spontaneous intracranial bleeding (n = 22). Twenty-three articles focused on tractography in pediatric neurosurgery. Most authors found tractography to be a valuable addition in neurosurgical care. The accuracy of the technique has increased over time. There are articles suggesting that tractography improves patient outcome after tumor resection. However, no reliable biomarkers have yet been described. The better rehabilitation potential after TBI and spontaneous intracranial bleeding compared with brain tumors offers an insight into the process of neurorehabilitation. Tractography and diffusion measurements in some studies showed a correlation with patient outcome that might help uncover the neuroanatomical principles of rehabilitation itself. Alternative corticofugal and cortico-cortical networks have been implicated in motor recovery after ischemic stroke, suggesting more complex mechanisms in neurorehabilitation that go beyond current models. Hence tractography may potentially be able to predict clinical deficits and rehabilitation potential, as well as finding possible explanations for neurologic disorders in retrospect. However, large variations of the results indicate a lack of data to establish robust diagnostical concepts at this point. Therefore, in vivo tractography should still be interpreted with caution and by experienced surgeons.
Endoscopic Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Yadav Yad Ram , Ratre Shailendra , Parihar Vijay , Bajaj Jitin , Sinha Mallika , Kumar Ambuj
Published: March 2020

Background Twist drill evacuation, burr hole aspiration, mini-craniotomy, and craniotomy are some of the surgical methods to remove chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Endoscopic treatment was also recently found to be useful.

Methods We conducted a prospective study of 72 hematomas in 68 patients. Computed tomography was performed in all cases. Endoscopic surgery was performed in all CSDH patients.

Surgical procedure A 4-cm skin incision was performed at the most curved part of skull with the CSDH. A mini-craniotomy or enlarged burr hole was made. The inner and outer table of the burr hole margin was drilled to provide a straight trajectory to the hematoma cavity. An endoscope supported by a telescope holder was used. A modified silicone brain retractor was used in five patients. A subgaleal drain was left in all patients for 3 to 5 days.

Results There were 42 male and 26 female patients. The age ranged from 45 to 79 years (average: 69 years). All patients had a history of head trauma. Preoperative average Glasgow Coma Scale Score was 14. The procedure was effective in hematoma evacuation and a good visualization of the whole cavity in all patients. The endoscopic technique helped in complete hematoma removal in organized/solid clot, septations, and bridging vessels in 17, 2, and 2 cases, respectively. Duration of surgery ranged from 35 to 80 minutes. One death occurred. There was no recurrence, infection, fresh bleed, or injury to the brain or membrane.

Conclusion The endoscopic technique is an effective alternative technique for treating CSDH. Although the study has limitations because of the small number of patients with a short follow-up, the study indicated that thick and vascular membranes, septations, and organized and solid clots can be removed effectively using this technique.
Method for optimizing the magnetic circuit of a linear generator using FEM simulations
Authors: Sjölund J. , Leijon M. , Eriksson S.
Published: March 2020

Within the area of permanent magnet electrical machines, there is an ongoing focus on replacing the rare earth permanent magnets with alternatives. An option is hard ferrites, commonly used in other applications. The relatively low coercive field strength of the ferrite magnets makes irreversible demagnetization an area that should not be neglected. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for the optimization of a slow-moving linear generator simulated in a finite element environment. The no-load phase voltage is maximized while accounting for iron saturation and permanent magnet irreversible demagnetization. This demagnetization is considered when the translator is alongside either the stator or air. The inclination angle between magnetization and magnetic field strength is accounted for by adjusting the intrinsic coercivity for each element of the permanent magnets. Characteristics for the magnet grades Y30 and Y40 are used in the optimization process. The velocity of the translator is set to resemble a speed common to wave power applications. Commercial finite element software is used together with two optimization algorithms: the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization. The results of these optimization algorithms reach similar optimal solutions for the considered objective function, assuring a result close to a global maximum. The results also show a great difference in the optimal geometry for the two magnet grades and highlight the need to account for irreversible demagnetization when designing generators with ferrite magnets.
Pulsed magnetic flux penetration dynamics inside a thin-walled superconducting tube
Authors: Vertelis Vilius , Balevicius Saulius , Stankevic Voitech , Zurauskiene Nerija , Schneider Markus
Published: March 2020

In this work, we present an investigation of transient magnetic field behavior in thin-walled superconducting tubes. It has been determined that if the thickness of the tube wall is significantly less than Bean’s penetration length, the non-linear magnetic field diffusion equation describing the field propagation process inside the tube can be replaced by a simplified lumped-parameter equation. This makes it possible to quickly calculate the current induced in the tube wall and the magnetic field penetrated in the tube cavity. In order to validate this theory, an experimental study of transient magnetic field penetration into a Pb-doped B-2223 (Bi1.8Pb0.26Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x) tube was conducted. This was done at the temperature of liquid nitrogen using a search coil (B-dot) and a miniature colossal magnetoresistance (CMR)-B-scalar magnetic field sensor made from manganite films, which exhibit a CMR phenomenon. The experimental results were then compared with the datasheet of the superconducting tube manufacturer and the 2D axisymmetric finite element model. It was demonstrated that combining the measurements of the magnetic field outside and inside the tube with the lumped-parameter description allows one to obtain the following information: the screened and trapped magnetic field, the critical current density vs the magnetic field dependence, and the power law index of the superconducting tube material. This enables the development of a fast, non-destructive method for testing the quality of superconducting tubular current leads.
Theoretical study on direction of vibrational transition dipole moment of XH stretching vibration in HXD
Authors: Takahashi Kaito
Published: March 2020

Experimental vibrational spectra of heavy light XH stretching vibrations of simple molecules have been analyzed using the local mode model. In addition, the bond dipole approach, which assumes that the transition dipole moment (TDM) of the XH stretching mode is aligned along the XH bond, has helped analyze experimental spectra. We performed theoretical calculations of the XH stretching vibrations of HOD, HND−, HCD, HSD, HPD−, and HSiD using local mode model and multi-dimensional normal modes. We found that consistent with previous notions, a localized 1D picture to treat the XH stretching vibration is valid even for analyzing the TDM tilt angle. In addition, while the TDM of the OH stretching fundamental transition tilted away from the OH bond in the direction away from the OD bond, that for the XH stretching fundamental of HSD, HND−, HPD−, HCD, and HSiD tilted away from the OH bond but toward the OD bond. This shows that bond dipole approximation may not be a good approximation for the present systems and that the heavy atom X can affect the transition dipole moment direction. The variation of the dipole moment was analyzed using the atoms-in-molecule method.
Effect of optical depth on study of chemical properties of massive star forming clumps
Authors: Zhou Jian-jun , Li Run-xia , Quan Donghui , Esimbek Jarken , He Yu-xin , Li Da-lei , Tang Xin-di , Wu Gang , Ji Wei-guang , Chang Zheng-xue , Zhang Xia
Published: March 2020

Here we present the study on chemical properties of massive star forming clumps using N2H+(1-0), H13CO+(1-0), HCN(1-0) and HN13C(1-0) data from the literature [Astron. Astrophys. 563, A97 (2014)]. We found that abundances of H13CO+ and HN13C are affected by H2 column densities. As the median values of these two abundances increase by nearly 10 times from stages A to B, H13CO+ and HN13C are suitable for tracing the evolution of massive star forming clumps. The order of rapidity in growth of abundances of all the four studied molecules from stages A to B, is H13CO+, HCN, HN13C, and N2H+, from the highest to the lowest. Our results suggest that the observing optically thin molecular lines with high angular resolution are necessary to study the chemical evolution of massive star forming clumps.
Rotational spectra and molecular structures of ethylanilines
Authors: Wang Juan , Herbers Sven , Buschmann Philipp , Lengsfeld Kevin , Grabow Jens-Uwe , Feng Gang , Gou Qian
Published: March 2020

The molecular structures of three ethylanilines, ortho-, meta- and para-ethylaniline, have been obtained by means of Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy. Rotational spectra of all three molecules display the nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structures arising from the 14N nucleus. Comparison of the determined structures allows a direct study of the influence of the position of the ethyl substituent on the structure of the amino group communicated through the phenyl ring.
Inclusion of a blend of copaiba, cashew nut shell and castor oil in the protein-energy supplement for grazing beef cattle improves rumen fermentation, nutrient intake and fibre digestibility
Authors: Teobaldo R. W. , De Paula N. F. , Zervoudakis J. T. , Fonseca M. A. , Cabral L. S. , Martello H. F. , Rocha J. K. L. , Ribeiro I. J. , Mundim A. T.
Published: March 2020

Context
Essential oils are secondary plant compounds extracted from plants, with potential for the modulation of rumen fermentation.

Aims
Two experiments, namely one in vivo and another in vitro, were conducted to analyse the effects of a commercial blend of essential oils (EO; copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii), cashew nut shell (Anacardium occidentale) and castor oil (Ricinus communis) and monensin as dietary feed additives in protein–energy supplements (PES) provided to grazing beef cattle, on ruminal fermentation, intake, total nutrient digestibility and protein dietary efficiency.

Methods
In the in vivo experiment, four entire Nellore bulls cannulated in the rumen (374 ± 15.66 kg; mean ± s.d.) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design to evaluate the effects of EO concentration and monensin on voluntary intake, digestibility, and rumen and metabolic characteristics of grazing beef cattle provided with supplementation during the rainy season. Treatments were as follows: control (CON; PES without additives); monensin (MON; PES with inclusion of monensin at 20 mg/kg DM consumed); EO150 (PES with inclusion of EO at 150 mg/kg DM consumed); EO300 (PES with inclusion of EO at 300 mg/kg DM consumed). In the in vitro experiment, the effects EO150, EO300 and EO450, MON and CON on DM and neutral detergent-fibre (NDF) digestibility, and total gas production, were evaluated in four consecutive runs using a gas-production (GP) system.

Key results
In the in vivo experiment, DM intake, forage DM intake, crude protein intake and NDF intake were similar (P > 0.05) between EO150 and MON, but both were greater than those in EO300 and CON (P < 0.05). A lower EO concentration (EO150) increased (P < 0.05) NDF digestibility and improved nitrogen utilisation efficiency. In the in vitro experiment, the addition of MON and EO150 did not modify (P > 0.05) GP, DM and NDF digestibility compared with the control, but EO300 and EO450 decreased GP at 12 and 24 h and decreased DM and NDF digestibility at 48 h compared with the control, MON and EO150.

Conclusions
In vivo and in vitro results suggested that EO (copaiba oil, cashew nut shell and castor) at low doses (150 mg/kg DM) has the potential to improve ruminal fermentation in grazing beef cattle receiving supplements, but medium and high doses of EO can have adverse effects.

Implications
EO blends could be an alternative to MON for grazing beef cattle with access to supplements.
RNA-seq differential gene expression analysis in mammary tissue from lactating dairy cows supplemented with sunflower oil
Authors: Grajales Sorany Milena Barrientos , Zuluaga José Julián Echeverri , Herrera Albeiro López , Osorio Nélida Rodríguez , Vergara Diana María Bolívar
Published: March 2020

Context
Nutrition is the main environmental factor that regulates the composition and secretion of milk fat. For this reason, supplementation of ruminant feed with lipid sources is proposed as a strategy to improve the milk fatty acid profile. However, incorporation of these compounds in milk depends not only on the structure of the diet but also on the efficient capture of nutrients by the mammary tissue and the coordination in the expression and regulation of multiple genes.

Aim
To evaluate the effect of supplementation with sunflower oil, on gene expression in the mammary gland of Holstein cows under grazing and in the first third of lactation, by using RNA sequencing technology.

Methods
Six Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a control group, and a group supplemented with 700 g/day of sunflower oil (unsaturated fatty acid) for 25 days. On the last day, a sample of mammary tissue was taken for RNA-seq analysis. Raw data were analysed by using the CLC Genomics Workbench software.

Key results
Milk protein genes CSN1S1, CSN2, PAEP (LGB), CSN3, CSN1S2 and LALBA were the most abundant in all samples. In the supplemented group, 13 genes were differentially expressed with a false discovery rate <0.15 of which six were upregulated (PRSS2, BEST3, LOC618633, ASB5, NTS and C2CD4B) and seven downregulated (BOLA, DEFB, CLIC6, ATP6V1B1, DCHS2, EYA4 and CYP4B1). These were related to immune-response processes, cell differentiation and membrane transport.

Conclusions
Supplementation with sunflower oil affects metabolism and other cellular functions in mammary tissue, influencing the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, and genes involved in cell–cell interactions, cell morphology, cell death and immune response.

Implications
These results help to highlight the mechanisms underlying in vivo responses to dietary factors such as supplementation with seed oil in lactating cows. This will serve as a basis for the future development of strategies that improve the fatty acid profile of milk.
The glottal stop in Guaraní and Paraguayan Spanish
Authors: Gynan Shaw N. , López Almada Ernesto Luís
Published: March 2020

This study documents the use of [ʔ] in Paraguay, analyzing its distribution among four phonetic contexts: word-internal (Guaraní), phrase-initial (Guaraní and Spanish), synalepha (Guaraní and Spanish), and linking (Spanish). In each context, [ʔ]’s distribution is analyzed by following stress and vowel. Stress favors retention of word-internal [ʔ] in Guaraní, phrase-initial [ʔ] in Spanish and epenthetic [ʔ] in Guaraní, while it disfavors use of [ʔ] in Spanish synalepha. The vowels [e] and [i] suppress word-internal and prothetic [ʔ] in Guaraní, and Spanish synalepha with [ʔ], whereas [o] and [u] suppress Spanish prothesis and epenthesis of [ʔ] for synalepha. The results suggest that, in this study of fluent bilinguals, [ʔ] in Spanish is the result of convergence rather than second language transfer.
A classification of receptive bilinguals
Authors: Sherkina-Lieber Marina
Published: March 2020

The term ‘receptive bilingualism/multilingualism’ is used for diverse populations, all of which understand a language without producing speech in it, but differ in the way this receptive ability was achieved and in the linguistic knowledge underlying it. In previous studies, not enough attention is given to the differences between types of receptive bilinguals (RBs); however, a thorough analysis of all types is necessary to understand the nature of receptive bilingualism and, consequently, language comprehension and production in general.

I propose a classification of RBs based on the presence and nature of an acquisition process that led to receptive abilities. In this classification, RBs who comprehend a language mutually intelligible with one they know are distinguished from RBs with acquired knowledge. Within the former, RBs with and without previous exposure are distinguished. Within acquired types, RBs who comprehend a heritage language are distinguished from RBs who comprehend a second/foreign language.
It’s all in the attitude
Authors: Hirsch Galia
Published: March 2020

Building on various theoretical approaches to translation (Hickey 1998;Bassnett 2001), this article demonstrates the intersection between translation and parody (Aoyama and Wakabayashi 1999) by comparing two musical texts: Rachid Taha’s “Douce France” and Seu Jorge’s Portuguese trans­lation of David Bowie’s “Life on Mars?”. According toLinda Hutcheon’s (1985)view of parody as a form of repetition maintaining a critical distance, both texts are parodic. Each parody presents a very different attitude, which influences their ethos. Rachid Taha’s cover involves irony, which often marks parody (Hutcheon 1985), and thus a negative ethos: criticizing his new country for grievances against immigrants. Seu Jorge, however, pays tribute to the Bowie song he translates. These observations illustrate the close relationship between parody and translation.