bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telaah Kritis Pasal 7 Undang-Undang No.16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan
Authors: Putri Elfirda Ade
Published: December 2021

Perkawinan juga diatur dalam Pasal 28B Ayat 1 UUD 1945  menyatakan “Setiap orang berhak membentuk keluarga dan melanjutkan keturunan melalui perkawinan sah”. Dalam Pasal 26 KUHPerdata,  memandang soal perkawinan hanya dalam hubungan-hubungan perdata saja. Hal ini berarti bahwa Undang-undangnya mengakui perkawinan perdata ialah perkawinan yang sah, yaitu perkawinan yang memenuhi syarat-syarat atau ketentuan agama tidak terlalu diperhatikan ataupun disampingkan. Sedangkan, menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam Pasal 2 menyatakan perkawinan ialah sebuah pernikahan, akad yang sangat kuat atau Miitsaaqan Gholiidhzan yang bertujuan untuk menaati perintah Allah dan menjalankan suatu ibadah. Berdasarkan data statistik dan kajian yang pernah dilakukan, pernikahan dini masih menjadi persoalan sosial di Indonesia. Data BAPPENAS menunjukkan 34.5% anak Indonesia menikah dini. Data ini dikuatkan dengan penelitian PLAN International yang menunjukkan 33,5% anak usia 13 ± 18 tahun menikah pada usia 15-16 tahun. Pernikahan dini menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, baik secara biologis maupun psikologis. Pernikahan dini berdampak pada tercerabutnya hak anak-anak karena ia dipaksa memasuki dunia dewasa secara instan. Perkawinan usia dini di Indonesia dilatarbelakangi oleh banyak faktor, seperti rendahnya tingkat ekonomi keluarga, rendahnya pendidikan, kurangnya pengetahuan dan edukasi serta yang paling marak yaitu kehamilan di luar nikah.
Akibat Hukum Penetapan Hak Waris Dan Hak Asuh Anak Oleh Hakim Pengadilan Negeri: Studi Putusan Nomor 282/Pdt.G/2014/Pn.Tng
Authors: Heru Siswanto  , Putri Elfirda Ade
Published: December 2021

Perceraian menimbulkan berbagai masalah salah satunya adalah mengenai permasalahan penetapan hak asuh anak. Dalam hal mengenai penetapan hak asuh anak tidak adanya aturan yang pasti mengenai kemana anak akan berlabuh setelah terjadinya perceraian tersebut, karena di dalam Undang-Undang No 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan Undang-Undang No 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak tidak mengatur kepada siapa anak nantinya akan di asuh baik itu kepada pihak ayah maupun ibu. Pada perkara hak asuh anak biasanya majelis hakim mengacu kepada Yurisprudensi dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam tetapi dalam salah satu perkara ada suatu hal yang unik dalam putusan majelis hakim yang lebih mengarah ke arah hukum adat sehingga mengesampingkan dua hal tersebut yang biasanya menjadi acuan dalam penetapan hak asuh anak. Sehingga hal ini sangatlah penting mengingat bahwa dalam suatu masalah penetapan hak asuh anak tidak berakhir setelah adanya putusan pengadilan tetapi bagaimana orang tua yang mendapatkan penetapan hak asuh anak tersebut dapat memenuhi khususnya masalah pemenuhan hak dan kewajiban terhadap anak itu sendiri. Karena dapat dilihat bahwa anak adalah sebagai korban dari suatu perceraian.
Social policy development based on a combination of agent-oriented and inter-industrial approaches
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS, Novikova T.S. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Tsyplakov A.A. ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: December 2021

The article proposes methodological approach for assessing the consequences of state social policy based on an extended agent-based spatial model with a detailed representation of the reaction of agents to changes in social transfers and taxation as the instruments of government policy. Optimization of territorial social policy is ensured by maximizing the iso-elastic function of social welfare (FSW), based on the individual utility functions of households and taking into account the degree of rejection of social inequality. Structural changes resulting from public policy are analyzed by aggregating the decisions of microeconomic agents and calculating the inputoutput balance table, including through a visual representation in the fourth quadrant of redistribution processes when transfers and taxes change. The results of experimental calculations show that at each level of the coefficient of rejection of inequality for both transfers and taxes, local maxima arise that correspond to the optimal levels of transfers and taxes and form monotonically decreasing iso-optimal curves depending on an increase in either the share of transfers or the level of taxation. The proposed approach to the formalization of ideas about the ratio of efficiency and fairness in the construction of FSW provides an opportunity to choose optimal solutions to justify an agent-based social policy.
Macroeconomic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Centre of Development Institute, NRU HSE, Moscow, Russia, Akindinova N.V. , Avdeyeva D.A. ,   Centre of Development Institute, NRU HSE, Moscow, Russia, Kondrashov N.V. ,   Centre of Development Institute, NRU HSE, Moscow, Russia, Misikhina S.G ,   Centre of Development Institute, NRU HSE, Moscow, Russia, Smirnov S.V. ,   Centre of Development Institute, NRU HSE, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2021

The article puts forward the thesis that the COVID-19 recession has already passed, which makes it possible to make some other conclusions . It is emphasized that the recession was triggered mainly by temporary restrictions on social contacts and mobility that were “external” to the economy. For Russia, it was aggravated by discords among the OPEC+ members. It is established that the 2020 drop of economic activity turned out to be unprecedentedly deep and unprecedentedly short, in some cases even less than one quarter. Compared to other countries, Russia passed the crisis quite successfully, although the size of the Russian stimulus package was much smaller than in the most developed countries. It is noticed that around the world quite fast recovery began immediately after the mitigation of lockdowns. Relatively recent data allowed us to conclude that by mid–2021, most emerging economies, including Russia, had reached pre-pandemic levels. It is shown that most forecasts agree that in 2021 (and partly in 2022) there will be an accelerated recovery and then the main macroeconomic indicators will return to pre-recession trajectories. At the same time, the changes in consumer preferences and business models triggered by the pandemic can lead to sustainable shifts in the sectoral structure of economies.
Russian exporters in the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   New Economic School, Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Moscow, Russia, Volchkova N.A.
Published: December 2021

We report results of the analysis of the survey data collected from Russian non-raw material exporters in 2020. Survey data allows defining the main channels through which pandemic crisis affected firms’ performance and identifying measures the firms applied to adjust to the new shocks. About three quarters of the surveyed exporters reported negative effects of the crisis on their operations. At the same time, firms’ international exposure on input side did not increase the degree of companies’ vulnerability to the crisis: supply delays were equally likely to occur on the part of domestic and foreign partners. However, there was a statistically significant difference on output side: exporting companies faced growth opportunities in domestic market more often than in foreign destinations, while significant losses happened more often in the foreign markets. These results allow us to conclude that the international exposure of exporting companies in special circumstances of economic crisis, caused by COVID-19 pandemic, created additional risks on the sales side, but not on the input side. This is consistent with the increase in foreign market access costs due to the ban on international travels.
Why do voters vote? Theoretical concepts and experimental results
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, St. Petersburg, Russia, Zaostrovtsev A.P. , Matveev V.V. ,   Udmurtiya’s Subsidiary of the Institute of Economics of the Ural’s Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Izhevsk, Russia
Published: December 2021

The article examines the evolution of the analysis of voters’ behavior when searching for an answer to the question: Why does the a voter vote? It is shown how the approach to the voter as a rational egoistic investor gave rise to what is commonly called the “voter’s paradox” in political and economic theory. Further search was aimed at explaining this paradox. On the one hand, the concept of an expressive voter appears, who expresses himself through participation in elections, on the other hand, we are talking about an altruistic voter who overcomes egoism. The latest theoretical finding was the explanation of participation in voting by attracting “relational goods” that differ in their qualities from both public and private goods. With this approach, the “voter’s paradox” finds the most consistent solution. And it is in this approach the shift from methodological individualism to institutional individualism is most clearly manifested. The authors of the article highlight this shift as a new trend in explaining the reasons for voting. At the same time, it is argued that the considered conceptual diversity is a reflection of the multidimensional features of human nature, and it is this fact that gives rise to the ambiguity and contradiction of experimental results.
The formation of an effective system of economic management is the main goal of modern reforms in Uzbekistan
Authors: Rassulev А.
Published: December 2021

Structural transformations in the economy of Uzbekistan require new methods of economic management, therefore the article examines the main directions of the country's actual economic development and suggests the ways of forming a new system of economic management. The author emphasizes the need to create a flexible system of economic management, providing for the reduction of state interference in the activities of economic entities. It is substantiated that another important direction of economic development is poverty reduction and employment growth. It is proposed to use institutional factors as a key element of  economic development;  with that, clear boundaries should be set when using administrative tools. Particular attention is paid to the country's main resource - accumulated human capital. A number of measures are proposed to create an up-to-date system favouring the reproduction of human capital.
Egypt: Family planning providers should encourage clients to discuss sexual problems
Authors:   Frontiers in Reproductive Health
Published: December 2021

This 1999 study examined the feasibility and impact of introducing the discussion of sexuality during family planning (FP) consultations. Conducted by the Population Council in collaboration with the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), the study took place in four MOHP clinics and two affiliated private clinics. Nurses and physicians at all six clinics attended a two-day training session on contraceptives with an emphasis on barrier methods. Providers in the three clinics that had been randomly chosen as intervention sites also received three days of training on sexuality, gender, and counseling skills. To assess the acceptability of sexuality counseling as well as the impact of training, researchers interviewed 25 providers and 503 clients, held five focus group discussions, and debriefed seven women who posed as clients. As detailed in this brief, both clients and providers welcomed the inclusion of discussions on sexuality during FP counseling, providers who were trained in sexuality counseling were more likely to discuss sexual matters with clients, and clients preferred to have the provider initiate the discussion.
Appendix B: Chapter 14 Belovode: technology of pottery production
Authors: Amicone Silvia
Published: December 2021

Appendices to Chapter 14, Belovode: technology of pottery production.
Appendix B: Chapter 29 Pločnik: technology of pottery production
Authors: Amicone Silvia
Published: December 2021

Appendices to chapter 29, Pločnik: technology of pottery production
Appendix B: Chapter 5 Introduction to Belovode and results of archaeometallurgical research 1993–2012
Authors: Radivojević Miljana
Published: December 2021

Appendices to chapter 5, Introduction to Belovode and results of archaeometallurgical research 1993–2012.
Ensuring food security amid the spread of COVID-19
Authors: Pugachov Mykola , Khodakivska Olha , Shpykuliak Oleksandr , Patyka Nataliia , Hryschenko Olena
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to carry out an analytical assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of food security in Ukraine. Research methods. The research was based on general scientific and economic methods, the creative heritage of the founders of economic science, publications of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of food security of the country, regulatory legal acts, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, electronic resources and other sources. The monographic approach is used to analyze the dynamics of the actual consumption of agri-food products and the level of food independence for individual agri-food products. Normative and positive approaches are used to highlight real risks and threats to food security. A number of techniques of abstract-logical tools made it possible to make a scientific and applied generalization of the material presented, to formulate intermediate and final conclusions and proposals. Research results. An analytical assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of agri-food products and the level of food independence for individual agri-food products has been carried out. It has been proven that Ukraine produces enough food to ensure healthy nutrition for citizens. It has been determined that due to the low purchasing power of the population, groups of citizens with low incomes have limited access to essential agricultural and food products. In the medium and long term, there will be a shortage of food resources and global food inflation, the situation in agricultural markets will remain unstable, and trade will continue to develop under the influence of not only competition, but also political factors. Scientific novelty. The theoretical and methodological provisions, scientific, methodological and practical approaches to determining the factors of influence of quarantine measures and the spread of COVID-19 to the level of food security of the state have been substantiated. Assessing the impact of quarantine measures and the spread of COVID-19 on food security made it possible to identify the main risks of ensuring the country's food security. Practical significance. The applied aspects of the study can be taken into account in the formation of programs for the socio-economic development of the agri-food sector of Ukraine, which will increase the effectiveness of state initiatives aimed at ensuring food security of the state and increase the country's readiness for force majeure threats. Tabl.: 7. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 17.
Public interests and human rights under the agricultural land market turnover: an experience for Ukraine
Authors: Borodina Olena , Prokopa Ihor
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to reveal the basic incentives and strategic directions of land reforms in the world, the character of domestic transformations in the field of land tenure and land use and the possibility of implementing world experience in Ukraine. Research methods. Methods used: abstract-logical (in covering land relations in terms of basic human rights and goals of land reforms, finalizing findings), logical-historical and comparative analysis (in assessing the consequences of different approaches to land reforms), strategic analysis (in assessing the intentions and results of land reform in Ukraine). Research results. The purpose of land as a public wealth in the implementation of UN directions on human rights in general and the rights of peasants and other people in rural areas is highlighted. Fundamentally different approaches (egalitarian and market) to land reforms, their social and economic essence, and the role for the development of national economies are revealed. The nature of transformations in land relations in Ukraine, the impact of state agricultural policy, tendencies of further development of the agricultural land market and the directions of the egalitarian principles implementation in the improving its’ mechanisms are assessed. Scientific novelty. The directions of strengthening state regulation of agricultural land market turnover in Ukraine under the basic human rights, rights of peasants and realizing public interests with elements of the egalitarian approach to land reforms are substantiated and their necessity is actualized. Practical significance. The research results implementation in improving the mechanisms of agricultural land market turnover in Ukraine will facilitate overcoming structural distortions in the agriculture, diversifying agricultural and rural development, reducing segregation in society in terms of quality of life. Refs.: 34.
Conceptual principles of a bio-oriented economy in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Koshkalda Iryna , Riasnianska Alona
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to substantiate and highlight theoretical provisions and methodological approaches to the formation of conceptual principles of the bio-oriented economy and establish its role in the context of sustainable development. Research methods. The methods used: abstract-logical - in the study of the essence of the concept of "bio-oriented economy and in substantiation of theoretical provisions for the formation of the concept of bio-oriented economy; analysis and synthesis - in establishing the place of bio-oriented economy in the context of sustainable development; monographic - the study of scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on bio-oriented economy; graphic - for visual display of research results. Research results. The theoretical provisions and methodological approaches to the formation of the concept of a bio-oriented economy, as well as its place in the context of sustainable development, are generalized. Scientific novelty. The concept of bio-oriented economics has become further developed, the purpose of the implementation of which in the context of sustainable development is recognized to satisfy the demand and needs of society in the process of realization in the biomass market produced on the basis of a bio oriented economy. Under the conditions of effective development of the bio-oriented economy, global goals will be achieved, namely: the issue of food security has been resolved, the rational use of natural resources, promoting the ecologization of production processes, that is, achieved goals of sustainable development. Practical significance. The conceptual scheme, which provides the possibility of implementing and effective development of a bio-oriented economy in the context of sustainable development, is proposed. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 21.
Development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy under European integration
Authors: Hadzalo Yaroslav , Luzan Yurii
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to identify current problems and justify priority measures for the effective development of integration processes in relation to the agricultural sector of Ukraine with the European Union. Research methods. We used the dialectical method of scientific knowledge of processes and phenomena, a comparative analysis of the institutional environment in the European Union and Ukraine, the analytical method - for objective assessments of socio-economic processes in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Research results. The measures for the effective development of the integration processes of the agricultural sector of Ukraine to the conditions of the European Union are substantiated, the expediency of preparing and consolidating the updated state agrarian policy of Ukraine in the relevant legislative act in order to converge with the relevant law and regulatory mechanisms of the European Union, as well as improving the system of public administration of the agricultural sector of the economy Ukraine and the interrelated development of rural areas. Scientific novelty. The ways of improving the state agrarian policy, taking into account the European integration processes of Ukraine, have been determined. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of government bodies in organizing foreign economic activity, taking into account the protection of national interests, improving legislation on agrarian policy and state management of the agrarian sector of Ukraine, in the educational process. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 17.
Financial risks of budget security and their state regulation
Authors: Marko Ivan , Radchenko Oksana , Melnychuk Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the features of financial risks of the budget component of financial security of Ukraine on the example of the analysis of expenditures for individual security-forming sectors. Research methods. A monographic method was used to review scientific publications of researchers and the regulatory framework on budget security, empirical, systemic and comparative analyzes and synthesis for monitoring indicators and sub-indices of financial and budget security, a graphical method to reflect the dynamics of the studied indicators, a statistical method to identify the integration of risks, abstract logical for theoretical generalizations and conclusions. Research results. Financial risks for the sphere of budget security are classified. The dynamics of the integrated index of economic security and subindex of financial security, and in its structure, budgetary security is analyzed; operational budget expenditures and expenditures on the food and national security sectors. The directions based on which the types of budget security are regulated are determined: focus on achieving the strategic goal; the need to guarantee the priority of budget expenditures for specific industries in the context of political, economic, artificial and global crises; for economic sectors - compliance with the balance of the industry's contribution to GDP and the share of its funding from the State Budget. Scientific novelty. The definition of financial risks of budget security as threats to organizational, regulatory, and administrative measures for the formation of state budget revenues and expenditures has been further developed. The analysis of financial security sub-indices for the current period is in-depth. The connection between financial and budgetary security has been established. The dependences of the dynamics and efficiency of budget expenditures on individual security-forming industries are studied. Methodological support of budget security analysis processes and approaches to the effectiveness of state regulation has been improved. Practical significance. Improvement of the grouping of financial risks, methodical approaches to the definition of directions of the state regulation of decrease in the level of financial risks in the field of budgetary safety is offered. Some conclusions of the study can be used to form the Strategy for the development of security-forming industries. Tabl.: 7. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 31.
Drought Analysis and Resilient Strategies: The Case of Lake Van Basin
Authors: ÖZER Buse , YALÇINER ERCOŞKUN Özge
Published: December 2021

Drought progresses more slowly than other natural disasters and is noticed late. It starts with decreasing precipitation and affects all human activities. Considering the effects of increasing climate change and past droughts, it is certain that drought will be inevitable in the future. Until now, many countries have experienced drought, including Turkey. Several publications have appeared in recent years documenting drought in different regions and basins in our country; however, there is no study presenting drought analysis and subsequent strategies in Lake Van Basin, which has large agricultural areas. The aim of this study is to reveal the meteorological droughts experienced in the past years in Lake Van Basin and to determine the resilience strategies for these droughts, considering the characteristics of the basin. To that end, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was employed in this study to detect past meteorological droughts and calculate drought values. Spatial analyses were mapped using ArcGIS software with Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method. Then, the maps were evaluated for each year between 2010 and 2019. Online interview is used with relevant expert who worked as project expert in the Lake Van Basin Drought Management Plan. In this interview, the current situation and potentials of the basin were discussed. After the analyses and literature study, expert opinion was used to determine the most appropriate strategies for the basin. Results indicated that the suitability of the strategies for the basin and ecosystem was taken into consideration. The basin experienced severe dry level drought in 2012, 2013, 2016, and 2019. It was determined that droughts in the basin was not only because of climate change, but also because of improper irrigation techniques, lack of technological systems and public awareness in the basin. In order to reduce the effects of these causes on the drought, practicable resilience strategies have been determined. Strategies determined after the method applied in the selected area in this study are believed make important contributions to the development of the framework of studies in the field of drought. For this reason, the results of the study have the potential to contribute theoretically in terms of drought analysis and practically in terms of the applicability of resilience strategies. If strategies are implemented in accordance with these contributions, it is expected that Lake Van Basin will be less vulnerable to drought risks and more resilient to drought.
Effects of Advertising Through Different Digital Marketing Channels on Consumer Buying Behavior in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Research Project
Authors: Sljivo Dzenita , Poturak Mersid
Published: December 2021

Advertising today is different from what is used to be before the revelation of digital marketing channels. The ultimate switch from traditional advertising channels to digital marketing channels has seen a vast expansion, expansion that has been observed in the amount of time users spend on digital devices. We can easily say that advertising is everywhere around us today, with the help of increased usage of technology, smartphones and other electronic devices that are constant during the day-to-day basis of people’s lives. Therefore, it becomes very interesting to research and conclude whether this constant exposure of advertisements on different digital marketing channels have an effect on consumer’s buying behavior towards advertisements of products or services. The main aim of this study is to identify and explain whether through different digital marketing channels advertisements can change the attitude of people regarding products or services and there purchasing behavior from a stand point view of consumers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To achieve this goal, the analysis of data is based on qualitative data derived from a survey as a primary form of data collection. A research model with three independent variables (social media marketing, email marketing, and mobile phone marketing) and one dependent variable (consumer buying behavior) was developed based on the literature review. The outcomes of this research are going to provide insights of what effects through online advertisement can make changes on the consumer buying behavior.
Structural transformation trajectories: Evidence from successful exporting countries
Authors: Gnidchenko A. A.
Published: December 2021

This paper identifies and examines several success criteria for the structural transformation of exports. Some detailed facts for the leading countries in structural transformation are presented, and the paper is the first in social sciences literature to calculate the Fréchet distances between the structural transformation trajectories according to various criteria. The paper introduces the concept of structural transformation trajectory that is defined as the path in the two coordinates — per capita income and one of the success criteria for the structural transformation of exports. Based on the brief review of the literature, four criteria for the empirical research are selected: (i) an increase in the ratio of exports of capital to consumer products, (ii) an enhancement of the export share of high-tech products, (iii) a decrease in export concentration, and (iv) an expansion of export complexity. In most cases, countries leading structural transformation succeed due to a limited number of specific factors, such as foreign direct investment in a limited number of sectors, participation in the assembly of telecom products, automobiles or similar consumer products, and re-export of products from other countries. However, high per capita income growth rates are typically observed in countries with high coherence of the success criteria for the structural transformation of exports, that is, in countries that made progress on a whole range of criteria.
What should we do about the employment of women with children in Russia? The role of preschool educational institutions
Authors: Kolesnik D. P. , Pestova A. A. , Donina A. G.
Published: December 2021

The paper examines the opportunities and obstacles to increasing the employment of women with children in Russia. There is a tight correlation between Russia’s lagging behind in the share of working women with children under the age of three and a lack of supply of preschool and childcare institutions. Using quantitative analysis of the Russian regions, we show that the expansion of the supply of preschool education services is associated with an increase in the employment of women, and the cost of introducing additional places in preschool organizations is recouped by additional tax revenues from working women with children in two years. Our cross-country analysis shows that the transition from traditional gender and social roles to more equal ones, the reduction of gender inequality, the encouragement of fathers to take parental leave, and the increased availability of part-time or flexible-schedule employment for women with children could further facilitate the employment of women with children. Our estimates show that an increase of preschool enrollment in Russia to the level of European countries would materialize a sizable economic growth potential: an increase in income per capita would be 3.5%.
Summary report on deliberative workshop with stakeholders on mesocosm research in the Canary Islands
Authors: Lezaun Javier
Published: December 2021

This report summarizes OceanNETs stakeholder engagement activities in the Canary Islands, prior and during the mesocosm study in ocean alkalinity enhancement carried out on the island of Gran Canaria in September-October 2021. It also presents ideas for future stakeholder engagement in the islands.
Literature Analysis of the Theory of Liberative Democracy
Authors: Zamharir Hari , Lubis Sahruddin
Published: December 2021

During the political liberalization of the reform era (1998 – present), various groups have complained about the evil practices of democratic politics. One of the shooting targets is that we have made the wrong choice, namely adopting a majoritarian or liberal democracy model. In the literature on democracy theory, one of the theories relevant to improving democratic practice is TDD (Theory of Deliberative Democracy). Although still using the principle of representation, TDD, in general, makes corrections or improvements to the procedures and substance of democracy that have been poorly practised in Indonesia today. This research is based on qualitative research using the descriptive-analytical method to provide a clear picture of the object of the problem. The conclusion of this study shows evidence that there is a model of democracy—both in substance and in procedures. They are different from the mechanism of representation initially derived from the theory of representative democracy.
Financial Performance and Human Development with Control of Regional Characteristics
Authors: Fauzi Hafidzhafauzi , Widarjo Wahyu
Published: December 2021

Regional autonomy is a policy given by the central government to local governments. The granting of this right to autonomy will encourage the acceleration of economic development in the community. Local governments begin to regulate all affairs in their regions independently so that they will be faster in overcoming all existing problems, including problems of community welfare. The implementation of regional autonomy also gives full rights to regional governments, including in financial management in the regions. Effective, efficient, transparent and responsible financial management is an important basis for improving the community's welfare. Of course, increasing the financial performance of local governments will also increase the human development index. The performance of the local government needs to be assessed as a form of our supervision to the government. This government performance assessment can be measured through the ratio of regional independence, effectiveness and efficiency. In addition, proper management of existing resources in the area will be able to improve the welfare of the community. The purpose of this study is to empirically test the ratio of independence, effectiveness, efficiency to the human development index by controlling regional characteristics in the form of capital expenditures, operational expenditures, government size, regional original income, and population. The amount of data in this study were 29 districts and 6 cities in Central Java during 2015-2019. The results of this study state that the independence ratio, effectiveness ratio, and efficiency ratio can have a significant effect on the human development index. In addition, the control variables for regional characteristics in the form of capital expenditures, operational expenditures, government size, and population are able to influence the human development index. Meanwhile, local revenue has no effect on the human development index.
Hubungan Antara Tekanan Darah Sistolik Dengan Kadar Hdl Kolesterol Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Klinik Arafah Lampung Tengah
Authors: Prasetia Toni , Esfandiari Firhat , Pratama Sandhy Arya , Ridwan Ikbal Zaenur
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AND HDL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN ARAFAH CLINIC, CENTRAL LAMPUNG Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension can make cells insensitive to insulin, so blood sugar levels can also be disrupted. Dyslipidemia causes constriction in blood vessels or atherosclerosis which can aggravate hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Meanwhile, the function of HDL in transporting bad cholesterol also causes blood vessels to dilate due to increased NO production. Objective: To find out the relationship between systolic blood pressure and HDL cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the Arafah Clinic, Central Lampung, 2020. Method: This type of research used in this research is descriptive-analytic with cross-sectional design. The sampling technique was total sampling. Respondents in this study were patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Arafah Clinic in Central Lampung in 2020 Results: Based on the results of the chi-square statistical test, it was found that there was no relationship with the results of p = 0.898 (p> 0.05). Conclusion: There is no correlation between systolic blood pressure and HDL cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the Arafah Clinic, Central Lampung in 2020. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus type 2, Systolic Blood Pressure, HDL   INTISARI: HUBUNGAN TEKANAN DARAH SISTOLIK DENGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL HDL PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DI KLINIK ARAFAH LAMPUNG TENGAH Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama untuk terjadinya Diabetes Melitus tipe 2, hipertensi dapat membuat sel tidak sensitif terhadap insulin, maka kadar gula di dalam darah juga dapat mengalami gangguan. Dislipidimia menyebabkan terjadinya penyempitan dalam pembuluh darah atau aterosklerosis yang dapat memperberat kondisi hipertensi ataupun diabetes mellitus. Sedangkan fungsi HDL mengangkut kolesterol jahat juga menyebabkan pembuluh darah bisa berdilatasi karena produksi NO yang meningkat.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui Hubungan Antara Tekanan Darah Sistolik dengan Kadar HDL Kolesterol pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Klinik Arafah Lampung Tengah Tahun 2020.Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel berupa total sampling. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Klinik Arafah Lampung Tengah.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil uji statistic chi-square didapatkan tidak terdapat hubungan dengan hasil p=0,898 (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat Hubungan Antara Tekanan Darah Sistolik dengan Kadar HDL Kolesterol pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Klinik Arafah Lampung Tengah tahun 2020. Kata Kunci     : Diabetes Melitus tipe 2, Tekanan Darah Sistolik, HDL
Real-time Screening of Foods Using Repetitive Element PCR Reveals a DNA Marker Characteristic for Enterotoxigenic Bacillus Species
Authors: Brenneman Breanna R. , Adamson Kyla L. , Beer Matthew R. , Ho Yenling , Gracias Kiev S. , Priest Chelsea M. , Biernbaum Erika N. , McKillip John L.
Published: December 2021

Bacillus cereus is traditionally thought to be the only member of its genus accepted as a pathogen in foods like grains, fruits, vegetables, and milk due to the presence of the nonhemolytic (Nhe) operon. However, many other Bacillus spp. may also harbor the Nhe operon and be pathogenic, including not just food-associated gastrointestinal toxicoinfections, but human endophthalmitis as well. Real-time PCR targeted the nheA gene in 37 samples obtained from food, soil, and reference cultures by analyzing the standard deviations of melt peaks. Repetitive element PCR was used to compare the banding patterns of each sample against B. cereus ATCC 14579 and three B. thuringiensis strains to “fingerprint” each isolate. Of the original 43 isolated tested, 37 were Gram-positive rods. The remaining six samples were Gram-positive cocci. Twenty-five of the 37 Gram-positive Bacillus spp. were nheA positive, while twelve were negative. Many of the nheA positive strains were species not previously known to contain Nhe and were capable of causing gastroenteritis in consumers.
Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from Collegiate Runners
Authors: Kalnina Liga Astra , Guzelak Stephanie , Herman Maryann
Published: December 2021

Competitive runners experience various risk factors that render them more susceptible to superficial cutaneous fungal infections, including the use of occlusive footwear, shared locker rooms, submission of feet to constant maceration, trauma, sweating, and having depressed immune function. The goal of this work was to assess the prevalence of athlete’s foot fungi in cross country runners at St. John Fisher College. Toe webs of 16 collegiate runners were sampled and volunteers surveyed about their shoe habits, foot hygiene, and average miles run per week. Lack of tinea pedis-causing fungi in asymptomatic cross- country runners shifted the study to investigate the identities of fungi morphologically similar to athlete’s foot and look for correlations with volunteers’ running habits and hygiene. Thirty-five distinct fungal cultures were isolated and compared to a known Trichophyton rubrum strain both microscopically and macroscopically. Four samples were preliminarily identified as tinea pedis-causing fungi and sequenced to confirm molecular identification. Fungal DNA was isolated, purified, and PCR amplified using primers for the internal transcribed spacer region, D1/D2 region of the 28S subunit, and β-Tubulin gene. Three of the four isolates were identified as Fusarium equiseti, a soil-borne plant pathogen with rare human pathogenicity reported. The fourth isolate was Beauveria bassiana, a common soil-borne pathogen that can infect immunocompromised individuals. Correct dermatophytic identification and understanding of the interplay between species is important to provide correct treatment, prevent spread among athletes and within facilities, and determine how opportunistic pathogens might play a role in people with immune suppressed function, which includes runners.
Testing of a Radiant Wall Cooling System with Pipes Coupled to Aerated Blocks
Authors: Šimko Martin , Petráš Dušan , Krajčík Michal , Szabó Daniel
Published: December 2021

Thermal output, surface temperatures, and supply and return water temperature were measured for a wall cooling system involving pipe attached to a wall section made of thermally insulating blocks. The experiment was performed for warm climatic conditions typical of, e.g., summer in Central and Northern Europe. The outdoor environment was simulated by a climatic chamber while the indoor climate was simulated by attaching a hotbox to the wall surface. The sensitivity of thermal output to several design parameters was investigated by 2D numerical simulations. The measurements showed a fast thermal response of the wall system. The cooling output was 38.3 W per m2 of the cooling area which equalled about 4.8 W/m2 per 1 K temperature difference between water and hotbox. The lowest surface temperature of 19.6 °C was measured at the pipe. Thus, the cooling output could be enhanced by reducing the surface temperature closer to the dew point temperature. The temperature of water in the pipe was very close to the surface temperature. It was illustrated how this characteristic of the wall cooling system tested positively affects the efficiency and cooling capacity of an air-to-water heat pump.
Socioeconomic and Environmental Conditions of Agricultural Migrants in Southwest Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Mosammat Rowshan
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to identify the socioeconomic and environmental challenges of the migrants who are migrated in Krishnonagar and Mohammadnagar areas of Khulna district. By using simple random sampling technique 348 (157 from Krishnanagar and 191 from Mohammadnagar) household heads were selected as the respondents. The length of living was considered to assess the effect of migration on the socioeconomic and environmental conditions of the respondents. Seven indicators (income, occupation, education, class, family status, poverty situation and health) were considered to assess the socioeconomic conditions of the respondents. The regression analysis supports that the length of migration has its effect on income (71%), poverty situation (66%) and class position (64%) of the respondents. That means the socioeconomic conditions of the people living in the study areas for long time is better than those of new migrants. In this study environmental issues include water and air quality, housing conditions, waste disposal systems and related hazards affected by the respondents as the migrants. The respondents were migrated from different areas of Bangladesh mainly due to natural disaster and crop cultivation related vulnerability. Among the total respondents 87.4 percent of the household heads are male and 12.6 percent are female. The present study shows that nearly half of the respondents (47.7%) in the study area were found to be involved in seasonal work. The average monthly household income in the study areas was 5892 BDT and 55.2 percent respondents were absolutely poor. About 17 percent respondents claimed for the ownership of the house but 57.87 percent were living in rented house. Among the environmental challenges waterlogging and problem of solid waste disposal were severe. In this regard some useful points of recommendations for effective urban management and rural development activities are suggested.

South Asian J. Agric., 7(1&2): 6-14
Effect of Seed Priming with Proline on Germination and Seedling Growth of Mungbean under Salt Stress
Authors: Sobahan Muhammad Abdus
Published: December 2021

Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment that enhances germination performance and stress tolerance of germinating seeds. The effect of seed priming with proline on germination and seedling growth of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under salt stress was investigated. The experiment carried out in completely randomized design with three replications in May 2018 at the Research Laboratory of the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Salt stress at 5 dSm-1 decreased seed germination percentage, plumule length, radicle length, plumule fresh weight, radicle fresh weight and seed vigour index compared to control. Seed priming with proline increased germination percentage (53.84%), plumule length, radicle length, plumule fresh weight, radicle fresh weight and seed vigour index under salt stress. The results suggested that seed priming with proline could effectively alleviate the inhibitory effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of mungbean.

South Asian J. Agric., 7(1&2): 15-18
Identification of Training Needs for Teachers of Khulna University of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Bashir , Mannan Md Abdul
Published: December 2021

The main purpose of the study was to identify the training needs of the teachers of Khulna University. Data were collected from randomly selected 54 teachers out of 280 through mailed questionnaire (Both hard and email copy) during June to July, 2010. To identify level of knowledge and training needs of the respondents 20 items/ issues under 5 broad areas (viz. teaching methodology, research methodology, computer skill, office management & administration and extension & outreach) were selected. To determine the level of knowledge a 5- points rating scale such as little knowledge, some knowledge, substantial knowledge, high knowledge and very high knowledge were used and a score of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were assigned against the scales respectively. To determine the training need a 5- points rating scale such as little need, some need, substantial need, urgent need and very urgent need were employed and a score of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were assigned against the scales respectively. To identify the issues and areas of knowledge and training, knowledge index and training need index were calculated respectively. The respondents had highest level of knowledge in teaching methodology, while it was least in case of extension and outreach among the five selected broad categories. The respondents expressed very urgent training needs in extension and outreach and least training needs in teaching methodology. The respondent teachers also identified top five issues on which they want to take training are conflict management (under extension and outreach), budget preparation (office management and administration) acquaintance with field problem (extension and outreach), research design and project preparation (research methodology), and data analysis and management (computer skill). Among age, professional experience, educational qualification training experience and level of knowledge, only level of knowledge showed a negative significant relationship with the training need of the respondents.

South Asian J. Agric., 7(1&2): 44-50