bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of twice‐daily budesonide foam administration on early clinical response and endoscopic remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a post hoc analysis
Authors: Watanabe Kenji , Hirai Fumihito , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Takeuchi Ken , Kurosu Shinsuke , Inagaki Katsutoshi , Iwayama Ken‐ichi , Naganuma Makoto
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim

Early treatment response of ulcerative colitis (UC) symptom resolution is desirable. This post hoc analysis evaluated efficacy outcomes, including endoscopic remission, by responder status and the influence of once‐daily (QD) versus twice‐daily (BID) budesonide foam dosing in patients with UC.

Methods

Data were pooled from phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials of budesonide rectal foam QD or BID or placebo for up to 12 weeks. Outcomes were evaluated by treatment and budesonide administration regimen and by responder group: early (rectal bleeding subscore [RBS] 0 from Week 2 through Week 6), delayed (RBS 0 at Week 6), and nonresponder (RBS > 0 at Week 6).

Results

The main analysis set included 55 (QD) and 120 (BID) budesonide‐treated patients and 116 placebo‐treated patients. At Week 6, the trend in early response rate was significant among treatment groups (BID, 45.3%; QD, 32.1%; placebo, 12.8%; P < 0.0001). Among BID recipients, trends for complete endoscopic remission rate (Mayo endoscopic score [MES] = 0) and endoscopic remission rate (MES = 0 or 1) were significant among responder status groups (early responder, 67.4% and 95.4%, respectively; delayed responder, 48.1% and 85.2%; nonresponder, 24.0% and 64.0%; P < 0.001 for both). Regardless of the administration regimen, most early responders achieved endoscopic remission at Week 6. Among responder status groups, early responders' cumulative non‐relapse period was greatest (P = 0.07).

Conclusion

A BID budesonide administration regimen is preferred to increase the probability of early response and, following endoscopic remission, a better prognosis after stopping treatment.
Serological evidence of exposition to Toxoplasma gondii in Saimiri spp. kept in a research institution as biomodels in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: de Oliveira Carolina Andrade , Arruda Igor Falco , da Silva Barbosa Alynne , de Abreu Pissinatti Thalita , Langoni Helio , Amendoeira Maria Regina Reis
Published: August 2024

Anti‐Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were investigated in 125 Saimiri spp. kept at a research institute. A total of 12% of primates tested positive, all of which were Saimiri sciureus. These results highlight the need to minimize the possibility of this protozoan's circulation, which can lead to fulminant infection in these animals.
Generic and disease‐specific self‐care instruments in older patients affected by multiple chronic conditions: A descriptive study
Authors: Maria Maddalena De , Saurini Manuela , Erba Ilaria , Vellone Ercole , Riegel Barbara , Ausili Davide , Matarese Maria
Published: August 2024

Aims

To describe and compare generic and disease‐specific self‐care measures in patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) in the three dimensions of self‐care maintenance, monitoring, and management.

Design

Multicentre cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Patients aged 65 and over with MCCs. We used Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory to measure generic self‐care, Self‐care of Diabetes Inventory to measure self‐care in diabetes mellitus, Self‐Care of Heart Failure (HF) Index to measure self‐care in HF, and Self‐Care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory to measure self‐care in chronic lung diseases.

Results

We recruited 896 patients. Multimorbid patients with diabetes had lower scores on the self‐care maintenance scale, and diabetic patients in insulin treatment on the generic management scale than on the disease‐specific instrument. Multimorbid patients with HF or chronic lung diseases scored higher on generic self‐care maintenance and monitoring scales than disease‐specific ones. There was a partial consistency between the generic and disease‐specific self‐care maintenance and management. Inadequate behaviours were recorded in disease‐specific self‐care monitoring rather than generic ones.

Conclusions

Older patients affected by MCCs scored differently in the generic and disease‐specific instruments, showing inadequate self‐care in some of the three self‐care dimensions.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The choice between generic and disease‐specific instruments to use in clinical practice and research should be made considering the specific aims, settings, patients characteristics, and knowledge of the different performance of the instruments by users.

Impact

No study has described and compared generic and specific self‐care measures in patients affected by MCCs. Knowing these differences can help nurses choose the most suitable measure for their aims, context, and patients and plan generic and disease‐specific self‐care educational interventions for those behaviours in which MCCs patients perform poorly.

Patient Contribution

Patients were informed about the study, provided informed consent, and answered questionnaires through interviews.
Alterations in functional brain connectivity following treatment for restless legs syndrome: The role of symptom improvement in restoring functional connectivity
Authors: Park Kang Min , Kim Keun Tae , Lee Dong Ah , Cho Yong Won
Published: August 2024

The pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS) remains incompletely understood. Although several studies have investigated the alterations of brain connectivity as one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of RLS, there are only few reports on functional connectivity changes after RLS treatment. Forty‐nine patients with newly diagnosed RLS and 50 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. The patients underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) at baseline, and 39 patients underwent follow‐up rs‐fMRI, 3 months after treatment with pramipexole or pregabalin. Patients were divided into good or poor medication response groups. Functional brain connectivity was analysed using rs‐fMRI and graph theoretical analysis. Significant differences in functional connectivity were observed between the RLS patients and healthy controls. The average path length, clustering coefficient, transitivity, and local efficiency were lower (2.02 vs. 2.30, p < 0.001; 0.45 vs. 0.56, p < 0.001; 3.08 vs. 4.21, p < 0.001; and 0.71 vs. 0.76, p < 0.001, respectively) and the global efficiency was higher (0.53 vs. 0.50, p < 0.001) in patients with RLS than in healthy controls. Differences in functional connectivity at the global level were also observed between post‐ and pre‐treatment RLS patients who showed a good medication response. Transitivity in the post‐treatment group was higher than that in the pre‐treatment group (3.22 vs. 3.04, p = 0.007). Global efficiency was positively correlated with RLS severity (r = 0.377, p = 0.007). This study demonstrates that RLS is associated with distinct alterations in brain connectivity, which can be partially normalised following symptom management. These findings suggest that therapeutic interventions for RLS modulate brain function, emphasising the importance of symptom‐focussed treatment in managing RLS.
TRIPS and the right to human health: A case study on Brazil's health policies and its implications
Authors: dos Reis Marcella Rocha
Published: August 2024

The incorporation of intellectual property laws in Brazil, by drafting or amending laws, as a result of the Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, has been a subject of political and social debate. The ambiguity of the Agreement's effects explains the Brazilian government's reluctance to address the issue, particularly concerning public health policies, as it presents a conflict between healthcare rights and intellectual property protection. The country had utilized compulsory licensing of an antiretroviral drug for AIDS treatment under Decree No. 6,108/2007. This precedent has sparked discussions about future cases of selective incorporation of compulsory licensing as a national prerogative, aiming to ensure that the patent system upholds the country's right to protect public health and promote access to medicines, in accordance with The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement. Nevertheless, such a pattern could undermine innovation and discourage private‐sector investment and research, which is predominantly conducted by developed countries.
A manual synchronous low energy shock impedance as a predictor of successful defibrillation testing during subcutaneous ICD implantation
Authors: Calvo Naiara , López‐Perales Carlos Rubén , Olóriz Teresa , Díaz‐Cortegana Francisco , Jáuregui Beatriz , Soto Nina , Rodríguez Pilar , Santamaría Eva , Ortas M. Rosario , Asso Antonio
Published: August 2024

Background

Guidelines recommend defibrillation testing (DFT) during subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) implantation. Implant position, patient characteristics and device factors, such as shock impedance, influence defibrillation success. To evaluate the shock impedance, a manual synchronous 10J shock (low energy synchronous shock [LESS]) can be delivered, without the need to induce ventricular fibrillation (VF).

Objective

To compare LESS and DFT impedance values and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LESS impedance for predicting a successful DFT during S‐ICD implantation.

Methods

Consecutive S‐ICD implantations were included. Shock impedances were compared by paired t‐tests. Univariate analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with successful DFT. A prediction model of successful DFT based on LESS impedance was assessed by logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve and the Hosmer–Lemeshow tests were used to evaluate the accuracy of LESS impedance.

Results

Sixty patients were included (52 ± 14 years; 69% male). LESS and DFT impedance values were highly correlated (r2 = 0.97, p < .01). Patients with a failed first shock had higher body mass index (BMI) (30 ± 3 vs. 25.7 ± 4.3, p = .014), higher mean LESS (120 ± 35Ω vs. 86. ± 23Ω, p = .0013) and DFT impedance (122 ± 33Ω vs. 87 ± 24Ω, p = .0013). ROC analysis showed that LESS impedance had a good diagnostic performance in predicting a successful conversion test (AUC 84% [95% CI: 0.72–0.92]) with a cutoff value of <94Ω to identify a successful DFT (sensitivity 71%, specificity 73%).

Conclusion

LESS impedance values without the need to induce VF can intraoperatively predict a successful DFT.
Light reduction and watering enhance flora memory awakening after forest topsoil translocation
Authors: Yuan Chuang , Zhao Gaojuan , Shen Youxin , Chen Fajun , Xu Xiaoying , Fu Xun , Lan Ya , Hou Zhengjun , Guo Yibo , Zhu Xiai
Published: August 2024

Plant propagules are crucial flora memory materials in restoration practice. Awakening flora memory from plant propagules (i.e. seeds, root fragments, rhizomes, corms, and tubers) in the translocated topsoil from a donor site is a rapid method for forest restoration on degraded sites globally. However, it remains unclear to what extent manageable measures, such as light reduction and watering, affect flora memory awakening. We employed a quadratic saturation D‐optimal design in a forest topsoil translocation experiment to quantify the effects of light reduction and watering on flora memory awakening. We used the cumulative number and richness of plantlets emerging from plant propagules to represent the extent of flora memory awakening. Our results show that any combinations of light reduction and watering significantly increased both the cumulative number and richness of plantlets across different life forms. Light reduction had a significantly more positive effect on flora memory awakening than watering. Different life forms exhibited different parabolic or positive linear relationships in responses to light reduction and watering. Light reduction of about 60% of the degraded site and watering of about 80% of the donor site resulted in the highest number and richness of plantlets. We concluded that light reduction and watering combinations were effective in kick‐starting the flora memory awakening in a semiarid subtropical forest after topsoil translocation.
How restoration engineering measures can enhance the ecological value of intertidal flats
Authors: Wiesebron Lauren E. , Cheng Chui H. , de Vet P. Lodewijk M. , Walles Brenda , van Donk Susanne , van Dalen Jeroen , van de Lageweg Wietse , Ysebaert Tom , Bouma Tjeerd J.
Published: August 2024

Restoration engineering measures, such as managed realignments or building groins, modify the environmental characteristics of coastal intertidal ecosystems. Creating physical modifications that are beneficial to an intertidal system's ecology necessitates an in‐depth understanding of the relationships between the abiotic and biotic components of a given intertidal habitat. In this study, we evaluate how hydrodynamics and sediment characteristics drive the development of the benthic macrofauna community during the first 5 years following engineering measures to enhance benthic macrofauna diversity at three locations. The creation of low‐energy habitats through groins (Knuitershoek and Baalhoek) and a managed realignment dike breach (Perkpolder) led to the accumulation of fine sediments in all three impact sites. Biomass of benthic macrofauna quickly increased between 2016 and 2020, with successional processes being more important in Perkpolder, where the habitat was started completely from scratch due to a managed realignment, than at Knuitershoek or Baalhoek, where habitat conditions were improved by adding groins. In addition, the density of benthos‐eating birds, especially oystercatchers, increased at some of the modified sites. While a low‐energy habitat may harbor more diverse assemblages of benthic macrofauna than a highly dynamic one, the extremely high silt content, which is typical for low‐energy habitats, may slow benthic community development. The observed increase of biomass at our impact sites highlights the value of the interventions, while the delays in the response of the benthic macrofauna community emphasizes the need for extensive monitoring both in time and space and the identification of underlying abiotic–biotic mechanisms.
Seed mass affects emergence but not germination in native grassland forage species
Authors: Milano Clara , Pérez Daniel Roberto , Scarfó María Cecilia , Rodríguez Dana Aylen , Cuppari Selva Yanet , Loydi Alejandro
Published: August 2024

For ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, species selection and knowledge of the species biology are essential. Seed germination and seedling establishment, as well as seed regenerative traits, can partially determine direct seeding success in this context. The objectives of this study are (1) to characterize the seeds of 29 native forage species of the Pampa Austral grasslands, (2) to evaluate their germination and emergence, and (3) to evaluate the relationship between germination and emergence and seed traits (mass, length, width, and length/width ratio), to test the usefulness of these traits for rapid species selection. We studied the germination percentage of untreated (UG) and treated (TG) seeds under laboratory conditions of 29 native forage species (four legumes, nine cool season, and 16 warm‐season grasses) and the percentage of field emergence (FE) for 17 of those species, selected based on their UG. Additionally, all species were characterized, including thousand‐seed mass, length, width, and length/width ratio. Average UG was 53.30 ± 3.17% for Poaceae and 25.63 ± 5.73% for Fabaceae. Four cool season and eight warm‐season grasses had UG greater than 60%. Mean FE was 35.18 ± 0.66% 2 months after sowing. FE has a direct relationship with seed mass (r2 = 0.69; p < 0.001), while this relationship was not observed for UG under laboratory conditions (r2 = 0.15; p = 0.7174). In Pampa Austral grasslands, seed mass proved to be a relevant trait for species selection given its strong relationship with FE.
Characterisation of the novel HLA‐C*07:02:151 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Elsermans Vincent , Cargou Marine , Pajot Thibault , Top Isabelle , Labalette Myriam
Published: August 2024

HLA‐C*07:02:151 differs from HLA‐C*07:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 166 in exon 3.
Identification of the novel allele HLA‐DQB1*06:02:61 by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Bianculli Antonio Giuseppe , Besi Francesca , Troiano Maria , Giustiniani Paola , Andreani Marco
Published: August 2024

HLA‐DQB1*06:02:61 differs from HLA‐DQB1*06:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in exon 4–5512 G>A.
Incorporation of Biologic Variables Into the Staging for Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumours: Proposal of the UBo pTNM System
Authors: Marconato Laura , Faroni Eugenio , Battisti Emiliano , Zaccone Riccardo , Stefanello Damiano , Sabattini Silvia
Published: August 2024

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) are currently staged based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, which has remained unchanged since its initial formulation. Our study aimed to assess the reliability of a novel pTNM staging system, which incorporates tumour extent (T), lymph node involvement (N), presence of distant metastases (M) and the two‐tier histologic grade. We analysed medical records of dogs with one or more cutaneous/subcutaneous completely staged MCT, undergoing tumour excision with lymphadenectomy, unless distant metastases were present, in which cases, medical therapy was administered. Dogs were categorized into three stages: I (T1‐2N0M0), II (T1‐2N1M0) and III (distant metastases). Stages I and II were further divided based on histologic grade into ‘low’ and ‘high’. Substage b was defined as the presence of tumour diameter of ≥3 cm and/or ulceration. Of 226 dogs, 87 (38.5%) were in Stage I (I‐low, n = 75; I‐high, n = 12), 107 (47.3%) in Stage II (II‐low, n = 59; II‐high, n = 48), and 32 (14.2%) in Stage III. The newly proposed staging system was able to significantly stratify the population for both time to progression and tumour‐specific survival. Compared to Stage I‐low, the risk of progression increased significantly for Stage I‐high (18.3 times), Stage II‐low (8.5 times), Stage II‐high (41.5 times) and Stage III (110.3 times). The staging system was highly prognostic for both cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs. Prospective validation studies are essential to compare this new system with the current WHO staging and further validate its accuracy and clinical utility.
Anatomical classification of canine congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts based on CT angiography: A SVSTS and VIRIES multi‐institutional study in 1082 dogs
Authors: Weisse Chick , Fox‐Alvarez William Alexander , Grosso Federico R Vilaplana , Asano Kazushi , Ishigaki Kumiko , Zwingenberger Allison L , Carroll Kenneth A , Scharf Valery F , Lipscomb Victoria , Wallace Mandy L , Aly Ali , Biscoe Beth , Davidson Jacqueline R , Arai Shiori , Amato Nicole S , Ryan Stewart D , Woods Sarah , An Anjile
Published: August 2024

Canine congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) morphologies have not been fully elucidated. The goal of this retrospective, multi‐institutional study was to use CT angiography to create an anatomical‐based nomenclature system for canine congenital EHPSS. These shunt morphologies were then evaluated to identify any significant association with patient age, sex, breed, weight, or subjective portal perfusion score. Data collected respectively from the SVSTS and VIRIES list‐serves included patient DOB, sex, breed, weight, CT date, and reported diagnosis. A single author (C.W.) viewed all CT scans and classified shunts based on the shunt portal vessel(s) of origin, the shunt systemic vessel(s) of insertion, and any substantial portal vessels contributing to the shunt. Additionally, hepatic portal perfusion was subjectively scored between one (poor/none) and five (good/normal) based on the caliber of the intrahepatic portal veins. A total of 1182 CT scans were submitted from 13 different institutions. Due to exclusion criteria, 100 (8.5%) were removed, leaving 1082 CT scans to be included. Forty‐five different EHPSS anatomies were identified with five classifications accounting for 85% of all shunts (left gastric‐phrenic [27%], left gastric‐azygos [19%], left gastric‐caval [15%], aberrant left gastric‐caval with right gastric vein [12%], and aberrant left gastric‐caval with right gastric vein and short gastric vein [11%]). Shunt origin involved the left gastric vein in 95% of the described classifications. Significant differences were identified among the five most common shunt types with respect to age at the time of the CT scan (P < .001), sex (P = .009), breed (P < .001), weight (P < .001), and subjective portal perfusion score (P < .001). An anatomical classification system for canine EHPSS may enable improved understanding, treatment comparisons, and outcome prediction for these patients.
Feasibility of superimposed supine cycling and lower body negative pressure as an effective means of prolonging exercise tolerance in individuals experiencing persisting post‐concussive symptoms: Preliminary results
Authors: Javra Raelyn , Burma Joel S. , Johnson Nathan E. , Smirl Jonathan D.
Published: August 2024

To examine the feasibility, utility and safety of superimposed lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and tilt during supine cycling in individuals suffering from persisting post‐concussive symptoms (PPCS). Eleven individuals aged 17–31 (6 females/5 males) participated in two randomized separate visits, 1 week apart. A ramp‐incremental test was performed during both visits until volitional failure. Visits included no pressure (control) or LBNP at −40 Torr (experimental) with head‐up tilt at 15 degrees (females) or 30 degrees (males). Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was utilized to quantify middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv), while symptom reports were filled out before and 0, 10, and 60 min post‐exertion. Ratings of exertion and overall condition followed similar trends for participants across both tests. The relative increase in MCAv was blunted during the experimental condition (8%) compared to control (24%), while a greater heart rate (17 beats/min) was achieved during the LBNP condition (P = 0.047). Symptom severity at the 0 and 10 min post‐exertion time points displayed negligible‐to‐small effect sizes between conditions (Wilcoxon's r < 0.11). Symptom reporting was lower at the 60 min post‐exertion time point with these displaying a moderate effect size (Wilcoxon's r = 0.31). The combination of LBNP and tilt during supine cycling did not change the participants’ subjective interpretation of the exertional test but attenuated the hyperpnia‐induced vasodilatory MCAv response, while also enabling participants to achieve a higher heart rate during exercise and reduced symptoms 1 h later. As this protocol is safe and feasible, further research is warranted in this area for developing PPCS treatment options.
Transmembrane Domains of Bitopic Proteins as a Key to Understand the Cellular Signaling (A Review)
Authors: Polyansky A. A. , Efremov R. G.
Published: August 2024

This study presents in a systematic manner the key modeling results corroborated by experimental biophysical data and obtained by the authors during long-term research on bitopic (single-pass) membrane proteins (BMPs), which are the crucial elements of cell signaling. The manuscript does not claim to be a comprehensive review of the subject of interest, whereby the authors did not aim to describe accurately the current state of the art, given the numerous reliable publications. Rather, this is an essay illustrating the authors’ understanding of the basic principles of organization of protein transmembrane domains (TMDs) and of their contribution to the cell functioning. Among the key topics highlighted in the present study are the fine-tuned processes of TMD oligomerization and the direct contribution from the dynamic membrane environment to this process, as well as the key role of TMD in the functioning of cell receptors and mutual relations between all the components of proteinmembrane complexes during the signal transduction in normal and pathological conditions.
Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in prosthetic vision and simulated visual reduction
Authors: He Yingchen , Toft-Nielsen Jonathon , Legge Gordon , Montezuma Sandra R
Published: August 2024

Objective

To quantitatively evaluate visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in prosthetic vision and simulated visual reduction.

Methods and analysis

Four blind patients implanted with the Argus II retinal prosthesis and seven sighted controls participated. VEPs were recorded with pattern-reversal stimuli (2 cycles of a horizontal square wave grating, 0.1 cycle/degree) at 1.07 reversals per second (rps) for Argus II subjects and 3.37 rps for controls. Argus II patients had both eyes patched, viewing the pattern solely through their implant. Controls viewed the pattern monocularly, either with their best-corrected vision or with simulated visual reduction (field restriction, added blur or reduced display contrast).

Results

VEPs recorded in Argus II patients displayed a similar shape to normal VEPs when controls viewed the pattern without simulated visual reduction. In sighted controls, adding blur significantly delayed the P100 peak time by 8.7 ms, 95% CI (0.9, 16.6). Reducing stimulus contrast to 32% and 6% of full display contrast significantly decreased P100 amplitude to 55% (37%, 82%) and 20% (13%, 31%), respectively. Restriction on the field of view had no impact on either the amplitude or the peak latency of P100.

Conclusion

The early visual cortex in retinal prosthesis users remains responsive to retinal input, showing a similar response profile to that of sighted controls. Pattern-reversal VEP offers valuable insights for objectively evaluating artificial vision therapy systems (AVTSs) when selecting, fitting and training implant users, but the uncertainties in the exact timing and location of electrode stimulation must be considered when interpreting the results.
Higher-dimensional MOG dark compact object: shadow behaviour in the light of EHT observations
Authors: Nozari Kourosh , Saghafi Sara , Mohammadpour Ali
Published: August 2024

Consideration of extra spatial dimensions is motivated by the unification of gravity with other interactions, the achievement of the ultimate framework of quantum gravity, and fundamental problems in particle physics and cosmology. Much attention has been focused on the effect of these extra dimensions on the modified theories of gravity. Analytically examining astrophysical phenomena like black hole shadows is one approach to understand how extra dimensions would affect the modified gravitational theories. The purpose of this study is to derive a higher-dimensional metric for a dark compact object in STVG theory and then examine the behaviour of the shadow shapes for this solution in STVG theory in higher dimensions. We apply the Carter method to formulate the geodesic equations and the Hamilton–Jacobi method to find photon orbits around this higher-dimensional MOG dark compact object. We investigate the effects of extra dimensions and the STVG parameter $$\alpha $$
α
on the black hole’s shadow size. Next, we compare the shadow radius of this higher-dimensional MOG dark compact object to the shadow size of the supermassive black hole M87*, which has been realized by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaborations, in order to restrict these parameters. We find that extra dimensions in the STVG theory typically lead to a reduction in the shadow size of the higher-dimensional MOG dark compact object, whereas the effect of parameter $$\alpha $$
α
on this black hole’s shadow is suppressible. Remarkably, given the constraints from EHT observations, we find that the shadow size of the four-dimensional MOG dark compact object lies in the confidence levels of the EHT data. Finally, we investigate the issue of acceleration bounds in higher-dimensional MOG dark compact object in confrontation with EHT data of M87*.
Analysis of Mechanical Damage in Dance Training Under Artificial Intelligence Behavior Constraints
Authors: Wang Jing , Hao Jianfeng
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on the application of artificial intelligence behavior constraints in the analysis of mechanical injuries in dance training, aiming to accurately analyze and effectively prevent mechanical injuries during dance training through the introduction of artificial intelligence technology. Dance, as a highly dependent art form on physical skills, often comes with a certain risk of mechanical injury during its training process. In this study, we first reviewed the relevant theories of mechanical injuries in dance training and analyzed the inherent relationship between dance movements and mechanical injuries. Subsequently, we utilized artificial intelligence technology to conduct behavior constraint analysis on the dance training process. By constructing a dance action recognition model, we achieved real-time monitoring and evaluation of dance training actions. On this basis, we further utilize the principles of mechanics to quantitatively analyze dance movements and extract key factors that affect mechanical damage. Through in-depth analysis and comparison, this study found that mechanical injuries in dance training are mainly influenced by various factors such as movement standardization, training intensity, and individual differences. We applied the theory of sports biomechanics to study sports dance injuries and analyzed the causes of athlete injuries. By exploring more scientific training methods and means, the correlation coefficients between main joint muscle strength, proprioception, tibialis anterior muscle imbalance response time, and rotational stability were measured to study proprioception training suitable for sports dance, adhering to the principle of gradual progression. In future sports dance rotation training, corresponding training should be carried out according to the characteristics of different rotation steps, providing reference for strengthening leg training and ankle training.
Characterization of rare-earth-doped photocells based on p-GaSe/n-InSe heterojunctions
Authors: Abdinov A. Sh. , Babayeva R. F. , Aliyev Y. I.
Published: August 2024

The effect of doping with holmium (Ho) and erbium (Er) rare-earth elements (REE) on the main parameters and characteristics of photocells based on p-GaSe/n-InSe heterostructures has been experimentally studied. Photo-electromotive force measurements were performed for undoped and rare-earth doped samples and obtained results comparatively analyzed. The light characteristic of the samples shows that significant improvement are observed in the rare-earth doped crystals. The possibility of targeted control, as well as increasing their reproducibility and stability by changing the content of the introduced impurity ([Formula: see text]), is shown. The optimal situation is provided by alloying Er with [Formula: see text] at.%.
Exploring the unmapped cysteine redox proteoform landscape
Authors: Cobley James N.
Published: August 2024

Cysteine redox proteoforms define the diverse molecular states that proteins with cysteine residues can adopt. A protein with one cysteine residue must adopt one of two binary proteoforms: reduced or oxidized. Their numbers scale: a protein with 10 cysteine residues must assume one of 1,024 proteoforms. Although they play pivotal biological roles, the vast cysteine redox proteoform landscape comprising vast numbers of theoretical proteoforms remains largely uncharted. Progress is hampered by a general underappreciation of cysteine redox proteoforms, their intricate complexity, and the formidable challenges that they pose to existing methods. The present review advances cysteine redox proteoform theory, scrutinizes methodological barriers, and elaborates innovative technologies for detecting unique residue-defined cysteine redox proteoforms. For example, chemistry-enabled hybrid approaches combining the strengths of top-down mass spectrometry (TD-MS) and bottom-up mass spectrometry (BU-MS) for systematically cataloguing cysteine redox proteoforms are delineated. These methods provide the technological means to map uncharted redox terrain. To unravel hidden redox regulatory mechanisms, discover new biomarkers, and pinpoint therapeutic targets by mining the theoretical cysteine redox proteoform space, a community-wide initiative termed the “Human Cysteine Redox Proteoform Project” is proposed. Exploring the cysteine redox proteoform landscape could transform current understanding of redox biology.
Multiclass Classification by Various Machine Learning Algorithms and Interpretation of the Risk Factors of Pedestrian Accidents Using Explainable AI
Authors: Lee Sanghun , Kim Sangyeop , Kim Jaehoon , Kim Doyun , Lee Dohyun , Im Gwangmuk , Yuk Hyeonseop , Heo Tae-Young
Published: August 2024

Pedestrian injuries and fatalities due to traffic accidents remain at a high level. Therefore, the need for efforts to reduce this ratio is on the rise. Machine learning models can facilitate the exploration of the various factors that influence the occurrence of pedestrian accidents. In this study, we used data on pedestrian traffic accidents classified into three categories of injury severity: minor, severe, and fatal. To compare the performance of various types of models, logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, XGBoost, CatBoost, and LightGBM were used for analysis. Five machine learning methods were applied to the analysis, and hyperparameter tuning was performed to improve the performance of the model. The performances of the five models were 0.688, 0.577, 0.705, 0.708, and 0.707, respectively, and LightGBM showed the best classification accuracy at 0.708 in this study. Based on SHAP (Shapley additive explanation), one of the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques, we were able to obtain the variable importance of the LightGBM model, through which we identified the main factors affecting each level of injury severity. In addition, by using LIME (local interpretable model‐agnostic explanation), another XAI technique, it was found that the age of the driver and pedestrian was the factor that had the most significant influence on the model’s classification prediction. Specifically, as the size of the vehicle increases, the severity of the accident increases. When the driver is older, the severity of the accident is small, and when the driver is young, the severity of the accident is high.
A Bounded Lifetime Distribution Specified by a Trigonometric Function: Properties, Regression Model, and Applications
Authors: Ogumeyo Simon A. , Opone Festus C. , Abubakari Abdul Ghaniyyu , Ehiwario Jacob C.
Published: August 2024

Trigonometric functions have gained considerable attention in recent studies for developing new lifetime distributions. This is due to their parsimonious framework, mathematical tractability, and flexibility of the newly developed distributions. In this paper, the Sine‐generated family is used to create a new bounded lifetime distribution, known as Sine‐Marshall–Olkin Topp–Leone distribution, for modeling data defined on the unit interval. Some statistical properties of the new bounded distribution, including quantile function, ordinary moments, incomplete moments, moment‐generating functions, inequality measures, Rényi entropy, and probability weighted moments are derived. Seven methods of parameter estimation, including maximum likelihood, ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, moment product spacing, Anderson–Darling, and Cramér–von Mises estimators are used to estimate the parameters of the new distribution. The behavior of the estimators obtained from the estimation methods are investigated using Monte Carlo simulation studies. The results show that the estimation methods are asymptotically efficient and consistent. The flexibility of the new bounded distribution is examined via data fitting using two proportional datasets. The results of the fittings show that the new bounded distribution performs significantly better than the competing bounded lifetime distributions. Finally, Sine‐Marshall–Olkin Topp–Leone regression model is presented as an alternative to the beta and Kumaraswamy regression models.
Characterization of Synthetic Brushite Material Precipitated at Room Temperature Developed for Kidney Stone Treatment
Authors: Ozkan Erhan
Published: August 2024

Studies on Brushite, which was initially considered as a mineral found in caves, started when it was seen in kidney stones, and finally its applications continued. These studies were focused on synthetically obtaining Brushite. The biggest difficulty in obtaining Brushite synthetically is the execution of complex chemical and sequential processes at high temperatures. Obtaining a stable crystal structure at high temperatures brings another challenge. In this study, for the first time in the literature, the synthesis of Brushite at room temperature by using simple electrolyte, characterization of the precipitates with different methods, and the details of their electrochemical and mechanical behaviour were shared with the readers. Brushite was precipitated on the X2CrNiMo17‐12‐2 materials by using electrolytic method. In the characterization of Brushite deposits, energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and optical microscope with image analyser were used. Dynamic ultramicro hardness, scratch, and friction‐wear testing equipment were used in mechanical analyses. It has been determined that the electrochemical decomposition of the Brushite material, which was successfully synthesized at room temperature, is quite difficult, and a mechanical load of 10 mN has been defined to be the critical value.
Effect of Matrix Characteristic and the Pore‐Throat Limit for Water Imbibition in Early Jurassic Tight Sandstone Reservoir of the Tuha Basin
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xuan Chen , Gou Hongguang , Hao Bin , Yang Zhanlong , Wu Qingpeng , Li Zhiyong , Liu Zongbao , Zhao Rongsheng
Published: August 2024

Spontaneous imbibition (SI) is a fundamental mechanism for improving the production efficiency of tight sandstone reservoirs. Matrix characteristic plays important roles in the SI process, but how these factors affect SI and the limit pore‐throat size of effective driving force in the tight sandstone of the Tuha Basin has not been firmly established. Thus, a series of experiments (FE‐SEM, QEMSCAN, XRD, CT, and SI) of four tight sandstone core samples were conducted under laboratory conditions in the Tuha Basin. The results show that quartz and plagioclase feldspar are the main detrital minerals, while illite and illite/smectite (I/S) are the predominant clay minerals of those sandstone samples, and they have a micro‐nano (<2 μm) to meso‐macro (>10 μm) pores, but the micro‐nano pore performance disconnected, and during SI process, fluid enters small and meso‐macro‐size pores simultaneously. However, small pores play a dominant role in the initial stage (with steep imbibition slopes), while meso‐macro pores predominate in the second stage (with shallow imbibition slopes), and the limit pore‐throat value of the tight sandstone is around 9.1 μm in the Tuha Basin, beyond which the SI will be weakened. Though the mineral composition and its wettability will be changed with fluid environment (especially for clay minerals), the small pores (formed by clay minerals) always play a dominant role than meso‐macro‐size pores (mainly formed by quartz and plagioclase feldspar) in SI process. These observations can improve our understanding of fluid–reservoir interaction in the Tuha Basin’s tight sandstone reservoir and provide guidance for improving oil and gas recovery.
First Description of the Clinical Activity of Avapritinib in Sporadic Mesenteric Desmoid Tumor
Authors: Ganzon Rebecca , Chen Wei , Tinoco Gabriel
Published: August 2024

Desmoid tumors (DTs) are rare and locally aggressive with a high rate of local recurrence even with optimal surgical resection. Systemic treatments are often utilized for desmoid cases with high risk of surgical morbidity or for local and symptomatic control of recurrent disease. However, the systemic treatment options for DTs are limited with limited responses. Avapritinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved in 2020 for adults with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal (GI) stromal tumors (GISTs) harboring a platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) Exon 18 mutation, including D842V mutations. In this case report, we describe a 55‐year‐old man with a history of D842V‐mutant gastric GIST who presented several years after complete resection of the GIST with an enlarging soft tissue mass in the small intestine. After a nondiagnostic biopsy, the patient was started on avapritinib due to concerns for recurrent D842V‐mutant GIST. The tumor had a partial response to treatment by RECIST 1.1 criteria, and the patient underwent surgical resection. The final pathology report revealed a sporadic DT. To our knowledge, this is the first known description of the activity of avapritinib in the treatment of a sporadic mesenteric DT, which is relevant given the limited treatment options for patients with this diagnosis. This clinical finding may be worth exploring in a dedicated clinical trial.
Acute Peritoneal Dialysis in a Patient with Severe Uremic Syndrome and Multiple Hemodialysis Access Failure
Authors: Duarsa Made Dyah Vismita Indramila , Mahadita Gede Wira , Kandarini Yenny
Published: August 2024

A 67‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease stage V, severe uremia syndrome, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, suspected pulmonary oedema, and multiple hemodialysis access failure. The patient is in a condition that requires emergency hemodialysis, but the patient does not have any access to undergo hemodialysis. The patient then underwent acute peritoneal dialysis and received an adequate response. The patient continued continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and responded well.
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis in China: Epidemiology, Management, Prognosis, and Outlook
Authors: Chen Su-Fang , Li Zhi-Ying , Zhao Ming-Hui , Chen Min
Published: August 2024

Background: Increasing evidence indicates that clinicopathologic phenotypes and ANCA serotypes may differ ethnically and geographically. This review highlights the progress in the prevalence, pathogenesis, management, and outcomes of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) in China. Summary: AAV is not rare in China. Cumulative evidence has demonstrated a significant preponderance of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA AAV in China. Even in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), there is a predominance of MPO-ANCA over proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA, presenting a unique subset. The pathogenesis of AAV is multifactorial, with the role of complement activation being highlighted during recent years. Treatment strategies for AAV in China have also been refined recently. A rapid tapering of glucocorticoids to minimize exposure has been recommended by the Chinese guidelines. Along with a better understanding of the disease, B cell-targeted therapy and complement-targeted therapy are developing. A considerable number of patients in China received rituximab treatment and achieved remission. However, infection risk and associated mortality still remain concerns. Therefore, less rituximab exposure should be considered and evaluated in Chinese AAV patients. Prognostic factors have been reviewed. Of note, along with improved outcomes, there is an increase of cardiovascular and malignant-related death, warranting specific care. Recently, a modified renal risk score model has been validated for early risk prediction in Chinese AAV patients. Moreover, emerging biomarkers for AAV, including complement components, have been identified in Chinese patients. Key Messages: There is a preponderance of MPA and MPO-ANCA in China. Treatment strategies for Chinese AAV patients generally align with those in western countries, and to some extent, less aggressive. Prognostic factors and emerging biomarkers for AAV in China have been identified. Further challenges include optimizing interventions, minimizing treatment-related comorbidities, improving disease monitoring, and enhancing life qualities of AAV patients.
The Role of Early Hemoadsorption in Severe COVID-19 Treatment: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Surasit Karjbundid , Srisawat Nattachai
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Hemoadsorption, an extracorporeal apheresis technique, is reportedly used in severe COVID-19 patients. However, limited evidence from randomized clinical trials supports this practice. Methods: In this single-center study, severe COVID-19 patients requiring ICU admission were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive HA-330 hemoadsorption in combination with standard treatment or standard therapy alone. Both groups received tocilizumab intravenously if their clinical conditions worsened within 24–48 h. The primary outcome was mortality from any cause within 28 days after randomization. Secondary outcomes included mechanical ventilator-free days, daily C-reactive protein levels, oxygenation (defined by PaO2/FiO2 ratio), daily sequential organ failure assessment score, and severity score of lung infiltration on chest X-rays (CXR RALE score). Results: A total of 28 patients underwent randomization, with 14 (50%) receiving HA-330 hemoadsorption. Only 9 out of 14 patients (64.3%) in the control group experienced clinical worsening and were subsequently administered intravenous tocilizumab. At 28 days, the mortality rate was significantly lower in the intervention group (28.57% vs. 78.57%, p = 0.021), with a hazard ratio of death of 0.26 (95% CI = 0.08–0.81; p = 0.021). All of secondary outcomes were comparable in both groups. Conclusion: Based on our pilot randomized trial, the early application of HA-330 hemoadsorption in patients with severe COVID-19 may establish a favorable outcome in term of mortality. These data provide the initial proof of concept for conducting a large-scale study in the future.
Negative Association of GNRI with All-Cause Mortality in Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dong Xiaomin , Lan Yanxian , You Cuifang , Jiang Shuzheng , Chen Wei , Zhang Jinhua
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Malnutrition is common in older atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and results in poor clinical outcomes. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a straightforward method for evaluating nutritional health. However, its prognostic value in AF patients is unclear. This research focused on examining the correlation between GNRI and overall mortality in Chinese individuals with AF. Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective study at four Chinese hospitals involving patients diagnosed with AF between January 2019 and August 2023. Using GNRI, nutritional status was evaluated, classifying patients into three categories. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis assess the relationship between GNRI and mortality, with exploratory subgroup analyses investigating potential effect modifiers. Results: The study included 4,878 AF patients with a median follow-up of 19 months. The mean age was 71 (63–78), and the mean GNRI was 102 (95–108). Malnutrition was identified in 1,776 patients (36.41%). During the study, 419 (8.59%) deaths occurred. After controlling for confounders, moderate to severe malnutrition was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to no malnutrition (odds ratio 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.94). The relationship between GNRI and mortality risk was approximately linear, with consistent associations across subgroups. Conclusion: Malnutrition, as assessed by GNRI, is prevalent among Chinese AF patients and is independently linked to higher all-cause mortality risk.