bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing a Cost-Effectiveness Dataset: A Speech and Language Example for Clinicians
Authors: Hoch Jeffrey S. , Haynes Sarah C. , Hearney Shannon M. , Dewa Carolyn S.
Published: July 2022

Cost-effectiveness analysis, the most common type of economic evaluation, estimates a new option's additional outcome in relation to its extra costs. This is crucial to study within the clinical setting because funding for new treatments and interventions is often linked to whether there is evidence showing they are a good use of resources. This article describes how to analyze a cost-effectiveness dataset using the framework of a net benefit regression. The process of creating estimates and characterizing uncertainty is demonstrated using a hypothetical dataset. The results are explained and illustrated using graphs commonly employed in cost-effectiveness analyses. We conclude with a call to action for researchers to do more person-level cost-effectiveness analysis to produce evidence of the value of new treatments and interventions. Researchers can utilize cost-effectiveness analysis to compare new and existing treatment mechanisms.
Kraft der Inneren Haltung: Wohlstand ist nicht selbstverständlich
Authors: Napp Barbara
Published: July 2022

Wie haben Sie eigentlich Ihren Beruf gewählt? Sicherlich nach Interessen in der Schule, guten Noten, eventuell nach Vorbildern. Vielleicht sind Sie durch einen Zufall ins Gesundheitswesen gerutscht: zur Überbrückung, als „Sidestep“ und dann geblieben.
Versorgungsstufenkonzept des VUD: Spitzenversorgung für alle
Authors: Hesser Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Der Verband der Universitätsklinika Deutschlands e.V. (VUD) hat Ende Juni seine „Finanzierungsidee“ für eine Krankenhausreform vorgestellt. Grundlage ist dabei ein vom Sachverständigenrat 2018 vorgeschlagener Multiplikator auf den Basisfallwert je Versorgungsstufe.
Klinikunternehmen: Auf-/ Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: July 2022

Borsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert fur kma die Jahresabschlusse ausgewahlter Kliniken.
Club der Gesundheitswirtschaft: SKBS gewinnt cdgw Zukunftspreis
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: July 2022

Der Zukunftspreis des Clubs der Gesundheitswirtschaft (cdgw) geht in diesem Jahr an das Städtische Klinikum Braunschweig (SKBS) für die Einführung eines ganzheitlichen, digitalen Patientenportals.
Ökologische Medizin: Für eine neue Nachhaltigkeitskultur in der Medizin
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Am Rande Berlins hat sich das Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe vor 25 Jahren auf den Weg zum klimafreundlichen Krankenhaus gemacht. Bis 2020 konnten dort auch schon 70 Prozent der CO2-Emissionen vermindert werden. Aber das reicht weder den Angestellten noch den Trägern. Daher sind sie in 2020 mit einem Leuchtturmprojekt an den Start gegangen: Zero Emission bis 2030.
Ökonomie der Nachhaltigkeit: Green Hospitals sind auch Smart Hospitals
Authors: Roring Sabine
Published: July 2022

In wirtschaftlich schwierigen Zeiten tritt der ökologische Umbau in Konkurrenz zu wirtschaftlichen Zielen. Besser wäre es, die Themen zu verbinden.
Aus Liebe zum Klima: Recycling und Abfallvermeidung im Klinikalltag
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Ein Krankenhaus produziert durchschnittlich 400 Gramm Plastikabfälle pro Patient am Tag. Kliniken sind damit der fünftgrößte Abfallproduzent Deutschlands. Doch langsam setzt ein Umdenken ein: Nachhaltigkeit und Schonung von Ressourcen gewinnen beim Betrieb von Kliniken immer mehr an Bedeutung – nicht nur ökologisch, sondern auch ökonomisch.
Trägervielfalt in Berlin: Kabale und Liebe
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Der Konflikt schwelt schon etwas länger zwischen dem rot-grün-roten Senat und den privaten und freigemeinnützigen Krankenhäusern in der Hauptstadt. Der Grund: Charité und Vivantes werden bei der Vergabe der Finanzmittel bevorzugt.
Wissenstransfer im Akutkrankenhaus: Schulbank war gestern, heute ist Blended Learning
Authors: Henke Martina , Look Susanne , Pech Christina
Published: July 2022

Um neue Erkenntnisse aus der Pflege- und Versorgungsforschung in den pflegerischen Alltag zu integrieren, werden Pflegende in den meisten Kliniken regelmäßig geschult. Neben der klassischen Präsenzschulung entwickeln sich zunehmend neue digitale Lernformate, die eine Flexibilisierung des Lernens ermöglichen. Wie das gehen kann, zeigt ein Schulungskonzept des Vivantes Klinikums im Friedrichshain.
Heilwesen-Haftpflichtversicherung: Klinisches Risikomanagement
Authors: Gausmann Peter , Kentrup Ansgar
Published: July 2022

Die Haftpflichtversicherung ist ein nennenswerter Kostenfaktor für Krankenhäuser. Da die Finanzierung der Prämien zunehmend eine Herausforderung darstellt, prüfen immer mehr Kliniken Eigentragungsmodelle. Dem klinischen Risikomanagement zur Schadenvermeidung kommt dabei eine wachsende Bedeutung zu.
Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften: Europäische Union bereitet soziale Taxonomie vor
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: July 2022

Die Europäische Union hat eine Taxonomieverordnung für nachhaltiges Wirtschaften eingeführt, die um eine soziale Taxonomie erweitert werden soll. Dr. Astrid Herrmann, Head of CSR & Sustainable Finance bei der Evangelischen Bank, erläutert die Bedeutung der Taxonomie für die Krankenhäuser.
The analysis of inhomogeneous Yang–Mills connections on closed Riemannian manifold
Authors: Huang Teng
Published: July 2022

In this article, we study a class of connections on a closed Riemannian manifold X of dimensional n > 4, which we call inhomogeneous Yang–Mills connections. Some special cases included Ω-Yang–Mills connections, where Ω is a smooth (may be not closed) (n − 4)-form on X. We extend the known analytic results of pure Yang–Mills connections, which included the monotonicity formula and the ɛ-regularity theorem to the class of inhomogeneous Yang–Mills connections. Using those analytic results, we obtain the energy quantization and Uhlenbeck compactness for the moduli space of inhomogeneous Yang–Mills connections that have a uniformly Ln2-bounded curvature. A removable singularity theorem for singular inhomogeneous Yang–Mills connections on a bundle over the punctured ball is also proved. Finally, we also prove an energy gap result for inhomogeneous Yang–Mills connections under some mild conditions.
The growth and nanothermite reaction of 2Al/3NiO multilayer thin films
Authors: Abere Michael J. , Beason Matthew T. , Reeves Robert V. , Rodriguez Mark A. , Kotula Paul G. , Sobczak Catherine E. , Son Steven F. , Yarrington Cole D. , Adams David P.
Published: July 2022

Nanothermite NiO–Al is a promising material system for low gas emission heat sources; yet, its reactive properties are highly dependent on material processing conditions. In the current study, sputter deposition is used to fabricate highly controlled nanolaminates comprised of alternating NiO and Al layers. Films having an overall stoichiometry of 2Al to 3NiO were produced with different bilayer thicknesses to investigate how ignition and self-sustained, high temperature reactions vary with changes to nanometer-scale periodicity and preheat conditions. Ignition studies were carried out with both hot plate and laser irradiation and compared to slow heating studies in hot-stage x-ray diffraction. Ignition behavior has bilayer thickness and heating rate dependencies. The 2Al/3NiO with λ ≤ 300 nm ignited via solid/solid diffusion mixing (activation energy, Ea = 49 ± 3 kJ/mole). Multilayers having λ ≥ 500 nm required a more favorable mixing kinetics of solid/liquid dissolution into molten Al (Ea = 30 ± 4 kJ/mole). This solid/liquid dissolution Ea is a factor of 5 lower than that of the previously reported powder compacts due to the elimination of a passivating Al oxide layer present on the powder. The reactant mixing mechanism between 300 and 500 nm bilayer thicknesses was dependent on the ignition source's heating rate. The self-propagating reaction velocities of 2Al/3NiO multilayers varied from 0.4 to 2.5 m/s. Pre-heating nanolaminates to temperatures below the onset reaction temperatures associated with forming intermediate nickel aluminides at multilayer interfaces led to increased propagation velocities, whereas pre-heating samples above the onset temperatures inhibited subsequent attempts at laser ignition.
Broadband ultrafast-laser-absorption imaging in the ultraviolet for spatiotemporally resolved measurements of temperature and CN
Authors: Radhakrishna Vishnu , Tancin Ryan J. , Goldenstein Christopher S.
Published: July 2022

This Letter describes the development and implementation of an ultraviolet and broadband ultrafast-laser-absorption-imaging (UV-ULAI) diagnostic for one dimensional (1D) imaging of temperature and CN via its B2Σ+←X2Σ+ absorption bands near 385 nm. The diagnostic was demonstrated by acquiring single-shot measurements of 1D temperature and CN profiles in HMX flames at a repetition rate of 25 Hz. Ultrashort pulses (55 fs) at 800 nm were generated using a Ti:Sapphire oscillator and then amplification and wavelength conversion to the ultraviolet were carried out using an optical parametric amplifier and frequency doubling crystals. The broadband pulses were spectrally resolved using a 1200 l/mm grating and imaged on an EMCCD camera to obtain CN absorbance spectra with a resolution of ≈0.065 nm and a bandwidth of ≈4 nm (i.e., 260 cm–1). Simulated absorbance spectra of CN were fit to the measured absorbance spectra using non-linear curve fitting to determine the gas properties. The spatial evolution of gas temperature and CN concentration near the burning surface of an HMX flame was measured with a spatial resolution of ≈10 μm. 1D profiles of temperature and CN concentration were obtained with a 1-σ spatial precision of 49.3 K and 4 ppm. This work demonstrates the ability of UV-ULAI to acquire high-precision, spatially resolved absorption measurements with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. Furthermore, this work lays the foundation for ultraviolet imaging of numerous atomic and molecular species with ultrafast time resolution.
Superimposing neuromuscular electrical stimulation onto voluntary contractions to improve muscle strength and mass: A systematic review
Authors: Borzuola Riccardo , Laudani Luca , Labanca Luciana , Macaluso Andrea
Published: July 2022

Training and rehabilitation programmes involving neuromuscular electrical stimulation superimposed onto voluntary contractions (NMES+) have gained popularity in the last decades. Yet, there is no clear consensus on the effectiveness of such intervention. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to NMES+ on muscle strength and mass compared to conventional volitional training or passive electrical stimulation alone. Two authors conducted an electronic search to identify randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of NMES+ training, involved healthy participants or orthopaedic patients, detailed a well‐defined NMES training protocol, and provided outcomes related to muscle strength and/or mass. The authors extracted data on participants, intervention characteristics, muscle‐related outcomes, and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. A total of twenty‐four studies were included in the review. The majority of these reported an increase in muscle strength following NMES+ training compared to an equivalent voluntary or passive NMES training. The highest improvements were found when NMES was superimposed on sub‐maximal exercises involving both concentric and eccentric contractions. Two studies reported an increase in muscle mass after NMES+, while two other studies exhibited no differences. This review indicated that chronic exposure to NMES+ determines muscle strength improvements greater or equal compared to volitional training alone. However, differences in the methodological characteristics of the stimulation and the type of exercise associated with NMES+ revealed significant discrepancies in the results. A deeper understanding of the neurophysiological adaptations to NMES+ is crucial to fully explain the muscle‐related enhancement resulting from such intervention.
Interaction of graphene with Au
n
clusters: a first-principles study
Authors: Murugesan Ramasamy , Meng Ruishen , de Volder Alexander , Keijers Wout , Janssens Ewald , van de Vondel Joris , Afanasiev Valeri , Houssa Michel
Published: July 2022

The interaction between Au
n
(n = 1–6) clusters and graphene is studied using first-principles simulations, based on density functional theory. The computed binding energy between Au
n
and graphene depends on the number of atoms in the cluster and lies between −0.6 eV and −1.7 eV, suggesting (weak) chemisorption of the clusters on graphene, rather than physisorption. Overall, the electronic properties, spin–orbit interaction and spin texture, as well as the transport properties of graphene strongly depend on the precise size of the Au
n
clusters. Doping of graphene is predicted for clusters with an odd number of Au atoms, due to overlap between Au s and carbon pz
states close to the Fermi level. On the other hand, there is no charge transfer between even size Au clusters and graphene, but a gap is formed at the Dirac cone, due to the breaking of the pseudo spin inversion symmetry of graphene’s lattice. The adsorbed Au
n
clusters induce spin–orbit interactions as well as spin and pseudo spin interactions in graphene, as indicated by the splitting of the electronic band structure. A hedgehog spin texture is also predicted for adsorbed clusters with an even number of Au atoms. Ballistic transport simulations are performed to study the influence of the adsorbed clusters on graphene’s electronic transport properties. The influence of the cluster on the electron transmission across the structure depends on the mixing of the valence orbitals in the transport energy window. In the specific case of the Au3/graphene system, the adsorbed clusters reduce the transmission and the conductance of graphene. The Au3 clusters act as ‘scattering centers’ for charge carriers, in agreement with recent experimental studies.
Investigation of the temperature phase diagram of the 2D semi-classical ferrimagnetic

J1−J2

model
Authors: Wieser R
Published: July 2022

The temperature phase diagram (T over J
2) of the 2D semiclassical

J
1

−

J
2

Heisenberg model is discussed. The investigation was carried out using the self-consistent Bloch equation and a quantum statistical description of the magnetization. In addition to the three states of the zero-temperature phase diagram, the

J
2

−
T

phase diagram shows two new phases, the paramagnetic phase and the semi-paramagnetic

S
1

-Néel state. The five occurring ground states, as well as the transitions between these states, are discussed. In particular, attention is paid to the interplay between temperature and frustration.
Strong paramagnetic response in the superconducting state of Y-containing V0.6Ti0.4 alloys
Authors: Ramjan SK , Sharath Chandra L S , Singh Rashmi , Chattopadhyay M K
Published: July 2022

We report systematic field-cooled (FC) magnetisation of superconducting (V0.6Ti0.4)–Y alloys in the presence of applied magnetic fields up to 7 T. A paramagnetic response is clearly observed just below the superconducting transition temperature (

T

c

) in low fields (

⩽
0.2

 T). The lower

T

c

of the Y-rich precipitates, when compared to the bulk, is the origin of flux compression that leads to this paramagnetic response in low fields. It is also observed that the magnetisation obtained during the FC cooling cycle is lower than that of FC warming for the (V0.6Ti0.4)–Y alloys in fields higher than 0.02 T. Moreover, paramagnetic relaxation of the FC moment is also observed in this system. We infer that these features of the Y-containing alloys are related to the high-field paramagnetic Meissner effect (HFPME). Our analysis shows that the large difference in pinning strength of the different pinning centres, generated due to Y addition in the V0.6Ti0.4 alloys, is responsible for the HFPME. We find additional evidence of our claim in the form of an extension of the range of the temperature and magnetic fields over which the HFPME is observed, when the samples are subjected to cold work. The observation of the HFPME up to 7 T has not been reported until now in any low

T

c

superconductor, and only a very few high

T

c

superconductors show the HFPME upto such high fields.
A combined regional Geopotential Model using optimized global Gravity Field Solutions
Authors: Nyoka C J , Din A H M , Pa’suya M F , Omar A H
Published: July 2022

To develop a gravimetric geoid, a Global Geopotential Model (GGM) is required to minimise the truncation error arising from using the Stokes integral with a limited number of gravity data points. The choice of a best-fitting GGM determines the accuracy of a gravimetric geoid solution. Selecting a suitable GGM is a rigorous process, requiring both internal and external evaluation of all GGMs available at the International Center for Globa Earth Models (ICGEM). Moreover, GGMs perform differently depending on the wavelength, and it is difficult to obtain a GGM that performs best across the full harmonic spectrum. In this study, a combined GGM is developed from a selection of the most recent and high-resolution GGMs covering Peninsular Malaysia. The selected models are first synthesized harmonically to obtain geoid undulations at collocated GNSS-levelled points, and free air anomalies at randomly sampled points across the study area. These quantities are compared with the observed geoid undulations and point gravity anomalies interpolated from a grid of free air anomalies. The best performing GGMs are then used to produce a combined GGM, by selecting the spherical harmonic coefficients with the best characteristics for every degree. The signal and error spectra of the new GGM are compared with the selected geopotential models. The combined GGM produced a higher cumulative signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 4402.669 compared to all the selected GGMs, with XGM2016 and Eigen-6C following suit with SNR of 4139.561 and 4092.462, respectively. Besides, the new combined GGM performed better across the whole harmonic spectrum than all selected GGMs. The use of combined GGMs in geoid modelling, instead of a single GGM may be more desirable because they can improve the quality of results.
3D Topography Modeling from Integrating Bathymetric and Aerial Imagery for Sermo Reservoir Monitoring
Authors: Purwanto H , Suhari K T , Tjahjadi M E , Setyawan D A
Published: July 2022

Reservoir monitoring is important in maintaining water retention and controlling volume changes as well as sedimentation rates. Reservoir monitoring usually uses conventional means such as recording the pole leveling height at a certain time, using large ships with the sounding method and determining the position and depth by utilizing total stations with intersection method measurements. However, such conventional methods require a lot of manpower, a significant period of time, a lot of equipment, and, more often than not, yielding in results that cannot be used to depict the real condition of the corresponding reservoir. This paper uses bathymetric and aerial photographic data to construct land and water topography, the state of the reservoir, and a 3D model of the reservoir, which later can be used as the basis for volume and sedimentation analyses. An effective way of merging the aforementioned data is by utilizing point cloud data generated from bathymetric surveys and UAVs. The point cloud data was then used as the basic material for creating DEM, land, and water contours. The bathymetric data quality test results meet the SNI 7647:2010 standard tolerance with a 1.96*standard deviation of 0.191. It passes the SNI 8202:2015 photo quality test with CE90/LE90 values of 0.325 and 0.285, respectively. Merging bathymetric and aerial photographic data in the regular reservoir monitoring or shallow waters is proven to be a more efficient, effective, and optimum method compared to the existing conventional means.
Bridge Structural Deformation Monitoring Using Digital Camera
Authors: Tjahjadi M E , Parsamardhani L A , Suhari K T
Published: July 2022

Burgeoning off-the-selves Digital Single Lens Reflector (DSLR) cameras have been gaining attentions as a fast and affordable tool for conducting deformation monitoring of man-made engineering structures. When a sub millimetre of accuracy is sought, deliberate concerns of their usage must be considered since lingering systematic errors in the imaging process plaque such non metric cameras. This paper discusses a close range photogrammetric method to conduct structure deformation monitoring of the bridge using the digital DSLR camera. The bridge is located in Malang Municipality, East Java province, Indonesia. There are more than 100 images of the bridge’s concrete pillars were photographed using convergent photogrammetric network at distance variations between 5m to 30m long on each epoch. Then, the coordinates of around 550 captured retro-reflective markers attached on the pillars facade are calculated using self-calibrating bundle adjustment method. The coordinate differences of the markers from the two consecutive epochs are detected with a magnitude between 0.03 mm to 6 mm with a sub-millimetre precision measurement level. However, by using global congruency testing and a localization of deformation testing, it is confirmed that the bridge pillar’s structures are remain stable between those epochs.
Suitability of Open Street Map (OSM) for 1:50,000 Topographic Map
Authors: Fitri M S N , Marena O , Hisam O A , Hafiz M Y M , Izzati A K N
Published: July 2022

Open-source data is open for anyone and everyone for access, modification, reuse, and sharing for particular application. Open-source data is compiled from various sources using public user collaboration. Open street map is one of open-source vector provider. The suitability study of the use of open-source data for the production of topographic maps of various scales is important as a new approach. The importance of the feasibility study of the use of open-source data can help improve the efficiency of the production of mapping products. Many methods of producing topographic maps of various scales use various state -of -the -art technologies for fast and efficient map production. The objective of the study is to check the planimetric accuracy and feature geometry of open-source vector datasets. Conventional methodologies for the production of multi -scale topographic maps are time consuming and involve high costs. Therefore, open-source data is an alternative source for the production of topographic maps of various scales. This data source shows the potential use for generation of multiple data layers such as roads, points, places, waterways, railways, natural, buildings and land use. The planimetric accuracy of open-source vector data is ranging from 2-5 m. The overlay analysis between reference dataset and open-source data show the similarity geometry for 1:50,000 map scale. This method shows a high level of suitability for the efficient updating of topographic data and the production of topographic maps for 1:50,000 map scale.
Spatio-Temporal Wave Pattern using Multi-dimensional Clustering Method for Exploring Ocean Energy Potential
Authors: Rohana N A , Yusof N
Published: July 2022

Wave is formed from the movement of air caused by pressure variations that make airflow move from high pressure toward places of low pressure. Understanding the wave patterns is challenging since it is highly changeable in space as they travel in variety of directions and heights. Wave are also changing over time especially during the monsoon seasons. Hence, to extract significant information from this highly changeable behaviour of wave this study has utilized a multi-dimensional clustering technique called co-clustering. This technique is able to cluster spatio-temporal data with similar behavior into spatial and temporal components simultaneously. To reveal the spatial and temporal patterns, an algorithm called Bregman Block Average co-clustering with I-divergence (BBAC_I) has been implemented for extracting wave patterns. In order to discover the wave behaviour, the extracted wave patterns were visualized in the form of heatmap that contain information of co-clusters; spatial clusters and temporal clusters dimensions. Then, both spatial and temporal clusters from the heatmap were transformed into geographical maps to depict the variation of wave patterns based on their individual dimension. From these maps, we could observe the distribution of 8 different group of clusters that representing the spatial wave patterns. Furthermore, 5 individual maps have been produced to depict the temporal wave patterns across the study area. Finally, the obtained maps were interpreted in the form of wave height which were found to be within 0.4 to 1.4 m heights. The wave height information can be used for identifying their potential for ocean energy harvesting along the coastal area. In generally, the generated spatio-temporal wave patterns from this study could aid Malaysian marine agencies to provide strategic planning for proposing future ocean energy in Malaysian coastal area.
Assessment of urban growth changes in Klang District using Support Vector Machine by different kernel
Authors: Saraf Noraain Mohamed , Lokman Mohamad Fahim , Abdul Rasam Abdul Rauf , Hashim Nurhanisah
Published: July 2022

The growth of urbanization in Klang District was considered to be fast and has increased the concern of policy makers and town planners. This paper assess the changes of urban development in Klang District using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification by different kernel for the purpose of studying the built up area changes within the year 2017 to 2021. At the initial stage of image processing, Land Use Land Cover (LULC) has been classified based on the use of SVM by different kernel (RBF, Polynomial, Linear, and Sigmoid) which was then reclassify into the built up and non built up after the most accurate kernel has been identified, thus the study was focused on the growth of urbanization. As results, the highest accuracy is RBF Kernel which the LULC that has been classified were 88% in 2017 and 90% in 2021. The RBF Kernel was then used for the classification of built up area and also for the analysis of urban growth. It can be seen that there have been changes for every land use, particularly urban growth by 9.39% (5451.77 Ha). Hence, the pattern of urban sprawl would assist planners and policymakers in planning and managing a better city.
Soliton resolution for energy-critical wave maps in the equivariant case
Authors: Jendrej Jacek , Lawrie Andrew
Published: July 2022

We consider the equivariant wave maps equation

R

1
+
2

→

S

2

\mathbb {R}^{1+2} \to \mathbb {S}^2

, in all equivariance classes

k
∈

N

k \in \mathbb {N}

. We prove that every finite energy solution resolves, continuously in time, into a superposition of asymptotically decoupling harmonic maps and free radiation.
Semiexplicit symplectic integrators for non-separable Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Jayawardana Buddhika , Ohsawa Tomoki
Published: July 2022

We construct a symplectic integrator for non-separable Hamiltonian systems combining an extended phase space approach of Pihajoki and the symmetric projection method. The resulting method is semiexplicit in the sense that the main time evolution step is explicit whereas the symmetric projection step is implicit. The symmetric projection binds potentially diverging copies of solutions, thereby remedying the main drawback of the extended phase space approach. Moreover, our semiexplicit method is symplectic in the original phase space. This is in contrast to existing extended phase space integrators, which are symplectic only in the extended phase space. We demonstrate that our method exhibits an excellent long-time preservation of invariants, and also that it tends to be as fast as and can be faster than Tao’s explicit modified extended phase space integrator particularly for small enough time steps and with higher-order implementations and for higher-dimensional problems.
A categorical 𝔰𝔩₂ action on some moduli spaces of sheaves
Authors: Addington Nicolas , Takahashi Ryan
Published: July 2022

We study certain sequences of moduli spaces of sheaves on K3 surfaces, building on work of Markman [J. Algebraic Geom. 10 (2001), pp. 623–694], Yoshioka [J. Reine Angew.Math. 515 (1999), pp. 97–123], and Nakajima [Convolution on homology groups of moduli spaces of sheaves on K3 surfaces, Contemp. Math., vol. 322, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2003, pp. 75–87]. We show that these sequences can be given the structure of a geometric categorical

s
l

2

\mathfrak {sl}_2

action in the sense of Cautis, Kamnitzer, and Licata. As a corollary, we get an equivalence between derived categories of some moduli spaces that are birational via stratified Mukai flops.
ANISE: an application to design mechanobiology simulations of planar epithelia
Authors: Rodríguez Cerro Ángel , Sancho Sergio , Rodríguez Míriam , Gamón Miguel A , Guitou Léna , Martínez Rafael J , Buceta Javier
Published: July 2022

TiFoSi (Tissues Forces & Signaling) is an efficient computational tool for performing mechanobiology simulations of planar epithelia. A drawback of this tool is that it relies on an XML configuration file (input data) that can be cumbersome to set up and/or decode due to the endless possibilities of the software. Moreover, some modeling know-how is needed in order to provide equations that describe gene regulatory interactions. These factors limit the usability of this tool for users with a weak computational and/or mathematical background. Here, we introduce ANISE (grAphical coNfigurator of TiFoSi In Silico Experiments), a web-app that allows to easily setup the configuration of mechanobiology simulations using TiFoSi. The application covers all the configuration modules in TiFoSi comprehensively (from basic to advanced editing options) and uses a graphical approach (e.g. to build the modeling equations of gene regulatory networks).

Availability and implementation

http://github.com/lsym-uveg/anise (server: http://lsymserver.uv.es/lsym/ANISE).
Left frontal eye field encodes sound locations during passive listening
Authors: Sun Liwei , Li Chunlin , Wang Songjian , Si Qian , Lin Meng , Wang Ningyu , Sun Jun , Li Hongjun , Liang Ying , Wei Jing , Zhang Xu , Zhang Juan
Published: July 2022

Previous studies reported that auditory cortices (AC) were mostly activated by sounds coming from the contralateral hemifield. As a result, sound locations could be encoded by integrating opposite activations from both sides of AC (“opponent hemifield coding”). However, human auditory “where” pathway also includes a series of parietal and prefrontal regions. It was unknown how sound locations were represented in those high-level regions during passive listening. Here, we investigated the neural representation of sound locations in high-level regions by voxel-level tuning analysis, regions-of-interest-level (ROI-level) laterality analysis, and ROI-level multivariate pattern analysis. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected while participants listened passively to sounds from various horizontal locations. We found that opponent hemifield coding of sound locations not only existed in AC, but also spanned over intraparietal sulcus, superior parietal lobule, and frontal eye field (FEF). Furthermore, multivariate pattern representation of sound locations in both hemifields could be observed in left AC, right AC, and left FEF. Overall, our results demonstrate that left FEF, a high-level region along the auditory “where” pathway, encodes sound locations during passive listening in two ways: a univariate opponent hemifield activation representation and a multivariate full-field activation pattern representation.
Impact of Preanalytical Factors on Calprotectin Concentration in Stool: A Multiassay Comparison
Authors: Hamer Henrike M , Mulder A H Leontine , de Boer Nanne K , Crouwel Femke , van Rheenen Patrick F , Spekle Marlies , Vermeer Marloes , Wagenmakers-Huizinga Lucie , Muller Kobold Anneke C
Published: July 2022

Background

Measuring calprotectin concentration in stool is increasingly important in monitoring disease activity and treatment response in inflammatory bowel disease. This study evaluates the impact of preanalytical storage conditions on reliability of calprotectin testing using 5 different calprotectin immunoassays.

Methods

Aliquots of homogenized fresh fecal samples in untreated or extracted form were stored at room temperature or 4°C. Calprotectin concentration was measured day 0 to 4 and 8. Five different immunoassays and accompanying extraction buffers were used (CALiaGold, Phadia EliA, Bühlmann fCal turbo, ELISA Bühlmann, Inova Quanta Flash). Repeated measurements of change from baseline calprotectin levels over time were analyzed using a mixed model analysis.

Results

Calprotectin concentrations declined over time under all preanalytical conditions with all assays, except for extracted feces stored at 4°C. The rate of decline was greatest in untreated stool kept at room temperature, reaching significant difference from baseline already after 1 day (P < 0.001). In extracted feces kept at room temperature, significant difference from baseline was reached after 2 days, and in untreated feces at 4°C, after 4 days. However, the results differed significantly between assays. After 4 days of storage at room temperature, the mean calprotectin decline from baseline differed between 30% and 60%, dependent on the assay used.

Conclusions

Fecal calprotectin concentration in stool samples declines over time, and the rate of decline is greater at higher temperatures. In extracted feces stored at 4°C, calprotectin is most stable. It is assay-dependent how long extracted feces stored at 4°C give reliable test results.
Operationalizing Obligations to Prevent Mass Atrocities: Proposing Atrocity Impact Assessments as Due Diligence Best Practice
Authors: D’Alessandra Federica , Raj Singh Shannon
Published: July 2022

Although there is wide agreement that there are jus cogens prohibitions against the commission of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, there is significantly less clarity regarding obligations to prevent such atrocities. This paper explores the existing prevention framework and is intended to speak to those States that seek to take preventive steps, understand their legal obligations and, most importantly, to operationalize those obligations by taking concrete action. It outlines what is known regarding the duty to prevent each international crime under both treaty and customary international law, while elucidating the gaps that make these obligations so difficult to enforce. This paper argues that States’ existing obligations require them to examine their capacity to prevent, and that one form of examination, which should be adopted as a matter of best practice, is to undertake an Atrocity Impact Assessment, evaluating both a State’s current impact in a country or region, and the potential measures it could take to assist in averting mass atrocities.
No reliance on the Paris Convention or TRIPS Agreement for well-known trade marks in Nigeria
Authors: Schneider Marius , Ho Tu Nam Nora
Published: July 2022

Further to these decisions, it is doubtful whether owners of well-known trade marks may rely on the provisions of the Paris Convention or the TRIPS Agreement in Nigeria.
Systemic or Vaginal Hormone Therapy After Early Breast Cancer: A Danish Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Cold Søren , Cold Frederik , Jensen Maj-Britt , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre , Christiansen Peer , Ejlertsen Bent
Published: July 2022

Background

Women treated for breast cancer (BC) often suffer genitourinary syndrome of menopause. These symptoms may be alleviated by vaginal estrogen therapy (VET) or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). However, there are concerns of risks of recurrence of BC and death following treatment.

Methods

Our study included longitudinal data from a national cohort of postmenopausal women, diagnosed 1997-2004 with early-stage invasive estrogen receptor–positive nonmetastatic BC, who received no treatment or 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy. We ascertained prescription data on hormone therapy, VET or MHT, from a national prescription registry. We evaluated mortality and risk of recurrence associated with use of VET and MHT vs non-use using multivariable models adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

Among 8461 women who had not received VET or MHT before BC diagnosis, 1957 and 133 used VET and MHT, respectively, after diagnosis. Median follow-up was 9.8 years for recurrence and 15.2 years for mortality. The adjusted relative risk of recurrence was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89 to 1.32) for VET (1.39 [95% CI = 1.04 to 1.85 in the subgroup receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors]) and 1.05 (95% CI = 0.62 to 1.78) for MHT. The adjusted hazard ratios for overall mortality were 0.78 (95% CI = 0.71 to 0.87) and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.70 to 1.26) for VET and MHT, respectively.

Conclusions

In postmenopausal women treated for early-stage estrogen receptor–positive BC, neither VET nor MHT was associated with increased risk of recurrence or mortality. A subgroup analysis revealed an increased risk of recurrence, but not mortality, in patients receiving VET with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors.
What should I believe? A conjoint analysis of the influence of message characteristics on belief in, perceived credibility of, and intent to share political posts
Authors: Carnahan Dustin , Ulusoy Ezgi , Barry Rachel , McGraw Johnny , Virtue Isabel , Bergan Daniel E
Published: July 2022

Research on misinformation and misperceptions often investigates claims that have already reached a critical mass, resulting in little understanding of why certain claims gain widespread belief while others fall into obscurity. Here we consider how various message features factor into why certain claims are more likely to be believed, perceived as credible, and shared with others. Using a conjoint experiment, we randomly assigned participants (N = 1,489) to receive an experimentally manipulated message describing an allegation of political misconduct. Results suggest that partisan cues play a significant role in influencing both belief and perceived credibility. Furthermore, message specificity, language intensity, and whether other users’ comments on the post refute or endorse the post also influenced belief judgment and credibility assessments. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical importance of these findings for understanding and combating the threat of misinformation.
Indirect ballistic injury to the liver resulting in retained bullet complicated with hepatic abscess: a case report
Authors: Bsat Ayman , Ataya Karim , Osman Bassam , Hafez Basel , Kanafani Dana , Hallak Razan , Khalife Mohamad Jawad
Published: July 2022

Indirect and extraperitoneal penetrating liver injury is an extremely uncommon phenomenon. In this report, we highlight the case of an 18-year-old male patient that sustained a gunshot wound with an entry site through the right buttock and landed in the liver. He presented to us in sepsis due to developing a hepatic abscess at the site of the dislodged bullet that was confirmed with computed tomography. Interestingly, the ballistic missile did not cause any visceral injury due to its indirect and extraperitoneal trajectory. The patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, where the hepatic abscess was unroofed and evacuated. A free-floating bullet was found and extracted, and a small bile duct leak was repaired. The patient had an uneventful post-operative course and was duly discharged on an empiric course of antibiotics.
Genetic and multi-omics analyses reveal BnaA07.PAP2
In-184-317 as the key gene conferring anthocyanin-based color in Brassica napus flowers
Authors: Ye Shenhua , Hua Shuijin , Ma Tiantian , Ma Xiaowei , Chen Yanping , Wu Lumei , Zhao Lun , Yi Bin , Ma Chaozhi , Tu Jinxing , Shen Jinxiong , Fu Tingdong , Wen Jing
Published: July 2022

The molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin-based flower coloration remain unknown in Brassica napus. To identify the key genes and metabolites associated with apricot and pink flower colors, metabolome, BSA-seq, and RNA-seq analyses were conducted on apricot-, pink-, yellow-, and white-flowered F2B. napus. Yellow carotenoids and red anthocyanins were abundant in apricot petals, while colorless carotenoids and red anthocyanins accumulated in pink petals. Most carotenoid genes were not differentially regulated between apricot and yellow or between pink and white petals. Three regulator genes, BnaMYBL2, BnaA07.PAP2, and BnaTT8, and structural genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis were dramatically enhanced in apricot and pink petals in comparison with yellow and white petals. Map-based cloning revealed that BnaA07.PAP2 is responsible for anthocyanin-based flower color and encodes a nucleus-localized protein predominantly expressed in apricot and pink flowers. Two insertions in the promoter region are responsible for the transcriptional activation of BnaA07.PAP2 in flowers. Introducing the BnaA07.PAP2In-184-317 allele broadly activated the expression of anthocyanin-related genes and promoted anthocyanin accumulation in flowers, yielding color change from yellow to apricot. These findings illustrate the genetic basis of anthocyanin-based flower coloration and provide a valuable genetic resource for breeding varieties with novel flower colors in B. napus.
X-ray line diagnostics of ion temperature at cosmic ray accelerating collisionless shocks
Authors: Shimoda Jiro , Ohira Yutaka , Bamba Aya , Terada Yukikatsu , Yamazaki Ryo , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Shuta J
Published: July 2022

A novel collisionless shock jump condition is suggested by modeling the entropy production at the shock transition region. We also calculate downstream developments of the atomic ionization balance and the ion temperature relaxation in supernova remnants (SNRs). The injection process and subsequent acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs) in the SNR shocks are closely related to the formation process of the collisionless shocks. The formation of the shock is caused by wave–particle interactions. Since the wave–particle interactions result in energy exchanges between electromagnetic fields and charged particles, the randomization of particles associated with the shock transition may occur at a rate given by the scalar product of the electric field and current. We find that order-of-magnitude estimates of the randomization with reasonable strength of the electromagnetic fields in the SNR constrain the amount of CR nuclei and the ion temperatures. The constrained amount of CR nuclei can be sufficient to explain the Galactic CRs. The ion temperature becomes significantly lower than that in the case without CRs. To distinguish the case without CRs, we perform synthetic observations of atomic line emissions from the downstream region of the SNR RCW 86. Future observations by XRISM and Athena can distinguish whether the SNR shock accelerates the CRs or not from the ion temperatures.
“Settlor-ing” their differences: protector or protagonist?
Authors: Leung Samuel Yee Ching , Au-Yeung Bennett
Published: July 2022

It is not common to see offshore jurisdictions adopting polarised jurisprudence. The conflict between The X Trusts [2021] SC (Bda) 72 Civ and In the matter of The Piedmont Trust and the Riviera Trust [2021] JRC 248 is such a rare occasion. The dispute concerning whether the scope of a protector’s powers should be wide or narrow had, apart from putting the jurisdictions at a crossroad, also aptly put the protagonist trustee in a contest for screen time with the tritagonist protector. In solving this challenge, we venture to take on a fresh perspective in suggesting that the scope of a protector’s power should be determined by ascertaining the intention of a settlor in light of all the relevant circumstances of a particular trust. Towards the end of this article, we also make some observations for settlors and practitioners from a practical point of view.
Identifying Student Mistreatment Through Peer-Facilitated Learning Environment Sessions
Authors: Erb Emily Cokorinos , Randolph Martine N. , Cohen-Osher Molly , Garg Priya S.
Published: July 2022

Problem

Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Medical School Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) show persistent high rates of medical student mistreatment, and multiple barriers to student reporting of mistreatment exist. The authors examined whether learning environment sessions (LESs) allow students opportunities to identify and describe patterns of mistreatment missed by other avenues of reporting.

Approach

Peer-facilitated LESs were instituted in 2018–2019 at Boston University School of Medicine. The LESs were scheduled once during every third-year core clerkship block. Third- and fourth-year students trained as peer-facilitators led discussions of topics relevant to the student clinical experience using a standardized facilitator guide. Minutes, including details of reported events, were completed during the session and visible to all students participating. These minutes were sent to clerkship leadership and the medical education office for action once student grades were submitted.

Outcomes

Summative content analysis was conducted on 44 LES minutes from sessions held in January–November 2019. Reported incidents were categorized into broad categories of negative treatment (NT), negative learning environment (NLE), and positive learning environment (PLE). Sixty-three instances of NT were identified. Of these, 37 fit within the scope of the AAMC GQ mistreatment categories. The remaining 26 instances of NT were classified into 7 novel categories of medical student mistreatment. Instances of NLE were most discussed by students and categorized into 5 subthemes. Examples of PLE were categorized into 4 subthemes, which encompassed 11 descriptors of core qualities of an ideal preceptor or educational environment.

Next Steps

LESs have aided in identifying and describing new patterns of mistreatment. They fulfill a unique role by allowing students to identify, analyze, and report mistreatment in a facilitated and protected space. Formal evaluations of institutional improvement in the learning environment, reduction in medical student mistreatment, and subsequent improvement in AAMC GQ data are needed.
Current status of phosphoinotiside-3 kinase inhibitors in blood cancers
Authors: Shouse Geoffrey , Danilova Olga V. , Danilov Alexey V.
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review

Treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) underwent paradigm shifts, with targeted agents rapidly displacing chemotherapy. Phosphoinotiside-3 kinase (PI3K) is essential for survival and proliferation of neoplastic B cells and has proven a tractable target in NHL, with four agents receiving FDA approval in the last decade. This review summarizes key data and challenges associated with use of PI3K inhibitors in routine practice.

Recent findings

Idelalisib and duvelisib are active in CLL and indolent NHL, including in patients with high-risk features. Despite differential targeting of PI3K isoforms, they exhibit comparable efficacy and adverse event profile including autoimmune events (transaminitis, colitis, pneumonitis), mediated by Treg/Th17 imbalance. Although copanlisib, a pan-PI3K inhibitor, is associated with a distinct safety profile (hyperglycemia, hypertension), preclinical studies indicate that umbralisib, a dual inhibitor of PI3Kδ and casein kinase 1ε, may have less effect on Tregs. However, both drugs may still cause immune-mediated toxicities.

With close monitoring and management of adverse events, PI3K inhibitors continue to have a role in therapy of R/R CLL and NHL. Strategies to mitigate adverse events and increase efficacy of PI3K inhibitors include time-limited combination approaches, intermittent dosing schedules.