bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverted Slider-Crank Mechanism Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder: Transfer Functions and Approximations
Authors: Ganchev Krasimir
Published: November 2024

Inverted slider-crank mechanisms driven by hydraulic cylinder have highly non-linear transfer functions, which in this form complicate kinematic and dynamic researches. A central slider-crank mechanism scheme is used with the specific small parameter equal to the ratio of the lengths of both links of the revolute pair of the mechanism (λ=R/L<1). The present study considers the two main transfer functions of the mechanism. In the first case the angle of the revolute pair as an independent parameter is accepted and in the second case the linear motion of the hydraulic cylinder as an independent parameter is accepted. The exact transfer functions of the mechanism are described and approximate representations of the transfer functions are found. In the first case we use a binomial order of the degrees of the small parameter calculated up to 4-th degree and very high accuracy of approximate function has been achieved (maximal error less than 1.6%). In the second case we use a trigonometric function, which corresponds to the exact transfer function up to second derivative, and the accuracy is also high (error less than 2%) in the main operating range. The power characteristics of the inverted slider-crank mechanism driven by hydraulic cylinder are determined using the transfer functions. All main conclusions are interpreted by geometrical representations.
Identification of Physical Dynamical Processes Via Linear Structure Models (Part 2)
Authors: Kopysov Oleg
Published: November 2024

Well-known methods of joint estimation of the state and parameters (quasilinearization, invariant imbedding, extended Kalman filter and others like them) expand the vector of the state of the system by including equations for parameters in the model. Such a task of joint estimation of the state and parameter is nonlinear even for linear systems. For Linear Structure Models (LSModels), an analytical method is proposed for the transition to an auxiliary model in which the parameter vector is expanded by initial states and the task of identifying parameter and initial states becomes linear. With the help of an auxiliary state vector, the initial dynamic model is reduced to an auxiliary model with residual. In this case, the auxiliary model does not contain derivatives of the measured elements of the initial dynamic model, but contains filtered measured elements. The proof of the identity of solutions according to the initial and auxiliary models is given. An Iterative algorithm of identification of order, parameters and state estimation is proposed. An analytical example of solving the problem of joint estimation of parameters and state for the heat equation is given and its software implementation in the MATLAB is discussed in detail. Next, another auxiliary model is proposed. If the first implies that the order of the differential equation is unknown but only limited by a certain value, then the second model has a given order. Now there can be two types of auxiliary models to it. An example of a nonlinear initial model is given.
Zonal Effect on the Essential Oil Profile from Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) Leaves and Citrus sinensis (Orange) Peels harvesting in Mali
Authors: Coulibaly Brahima , Daou Cheickna , Konaré Mamadou , Samaké Fassé , Sanogo Rokia
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Staph (Poaceae), (Lemongrass) and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae), (orange) are very coveted for aromatic, food and medicinal purposes. Lemongrass leaves and orange zests are reputed to be rich in essential oils, which are highly prized by the food industry. The aim of this study was to determine the essential oil (EOs) extraction yields and their profile of these species collected in three agro-ecological zones of Mali. EOs were extracted by steam distillation and their profile was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All registered data revealed zonal variation of extraction yields as well as in EO components (p-value < 0.05). Extraction yields varied from 0.32±0.02 to 0.44±0.03% for lemongrass and 0.32±0.01 to 0.50±0.03 for orange. These yields were higher in Sahelian zones for both species. Moreover, chromatography technique highlighted an important diversity of lemongrass and orange peel in individual EO components. Thus, Retention factors values recorded from TLC allowed to detect a maximum of different EO individuals: 15 for lemongrass and 13 for orange, mainly in Sahelian. Similarly with GC technique, more EO elements were found: a total of 23 for orange zests samples and 17 for lemongrass. Samples collected in Sudano-guinean sites presented the highest number of total individual EO constituents, 16 for orange and 12 for lemongrass. The major individual EO components were Limonene (43.14±0.20%), Neral (36.00±0.14%), and M-Camphorene (19.88±0.17%) for leaves of lemongrass, and carvone (19.59±0.58%), Citral (17.99±0.01%), and Neral (17.48±0.10%) for orange zests. This richness and diversity could be useful to better valorization of lemongrass leaves and orange peel in Mali.
Risk Assessment for Environmental Monitoring of the Injectable Cephalosporins and Carbapenems Production Plant
Authors: Sagre Xenia , Martínez Susana , Aldama Nancy
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Operations with medicines require compliance with the requirements established in Good Practices with the objective of guaranteeing their quality, safety and effectiveness. The Quality Management System incorporates quality risk management as an integral part. In the injectable plant, the aseptic processing of Cephalosporins and Carbapenems is carried out in the form of sterile powders for injection. Production is subject to special requirements to minimize the risks of microbial, particulate and pyrogen contamination. The environmental microbiological monitoring program is one of the critical elements in the production process; it must be applied routinely and periodically. The objective of this work is to carry out risk assessment in the environmental monitoring process of controlled areas of the plant by identifying the risk points and the causes that originate them and establishing preventive and/or corrective measures to minimize their frequency and impact on processes. Materials and Methods: Failure Modal Analysis and Process Effects are used for risk assessment; it is a prevention method aimed at achieving Quality assurance. Supporting techniques such as Brainstorming and Cause-Effect Diagram were also used. Results: Through the application of this technique, reference criteria are obtained for monitoring viable and non-viable particles in the environment, monitoring frequencies, sampling frequency and number of sampling points according to m2 of the area to be monitored and determination of points by priority level. Discussion: A flow chart of the process is built to analyze the inputs of raw materials and the most critical points where contamination can be generated for different causes. The identification of risks was carried out by applying the brainstorming technique and as a result, 4 critical areas with a high probability of contamination occurrence were determined. By building the Ishikawa diagram of the process to be improved, the environmental monitoring program becomes a powerful tool to avoid the undesired effect, which is product rejection. The risk priority number was calculated for each failure mode and corrective measures were established to mitigate the effect level. Conclusions: As a result of the risk assessment in the environmental monitoring process of controlled areas, risks were identified and evaluated in order of criticality. Preventive and/or corrective measures were established for each stage in order to reduce the possibility of risks of product contamination.
Status Quo and Influencing Factors of Exercise Compliance in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Sun Aiping , Ma Nini , Wang Rui , Cui Ning , Ding Wen
Published: November 2024

Objective To investigate the status quo of exercise compliance in patients with chronic heart failure and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Using convenient sampling method, 425 patients with chronic heart failure in a 3A hospital from August 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the study subjects. General data questionnaire, exercise compliance Scale, exercise self-efficacy scale, heart-activity Fear Tampa scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, perceptive Social Support Scale and Psychological experience Scale were used to investigate the patients with chronic heart failure. Results A total of 415 questionnaires were collected, and the average compliance rate was 53.01%. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI, educational level, occupational status, hospitalization frequency, exercise self-efficacy, fear of cardiac activity and perceived social support were the main influencing factors of exercise compliance in patients with chronic heart failure (P< 0.05). Conclusion The overall level of exercise compliance of patients with chronic heart failure is poor. Clinical healthcare personnel should evaluate the exercise compliance of patients with chronic heart failure and take timely targeted intervention measures according to the actual situation of patients and related influencing factors, so as to promote the improvement of exercise compliance of patients with chronic heart failure.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Marine Heatwaves Globally
Authors: Scannell H. A. , Cai C. , Thompson L. , Whitt D. B. , Gagne D. J. , Abernathey R. P.
Published: November 2024

The spatiotemporal evolution of marine heatwaves (MHWs) is explored using a tracking algorithm called Ocetrac that provides the objective characterization of MHW spatiotemporal evolution. Candidate MHW grid points are defined in detrended gridded sea temperature data using a seasonally varying temperature threshold. Identified MHW points are collected into spatially distinct objects using edge detection with weak sensitivity to edge detection and size percentile threshold criteria at each time step. Ocetrac then uses 3D connectivity to determine if these objects are part of the same event, but Ocetrac only defines the full MHW event after all time steps have been processed, limiting its use in predictability studies. Here, Ocetrac is applied to monthly satellite sea surface temperature data from September 1981 through January 2021. The resulting MHWs are characterized by their intensity, duration, and total area covered. The global analysis shows that MHWs in the Gulf of Maine and Mediterranean Sea are spatially isolated, while major MHWs in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are connected in space and time. The largest and most long-lasting MHW using this method lasts for 60 months from November 2013 to October 2018, encompassing previously identified MHW events including those in the northeast Pacific (2014–15), the Tasman Sea (2015–16, 2017–18), and the Great Barrier Reef (2016).

Significance Statement

This study introduces Ocetrac, a method to track the spatiotemporal evolution of marine heatwaves (MHWs). It is applied to satellite sea surface temperature data from 1981 to 2021. The method objectively identifies and tracks MHWs in space and time while allowing for splitting and merging. The resulting MHWs are characterized by intensity, duration, and total area covered. Marine heatwaves can have significant ecological consequences, including biodiversity loss and mortality, geographical shifts, and range reductions in marine species and community structure changes when physiological thresholds are exceeded. This results in both ecological and economic impacts. Ocetrac provides a method of tracking the space and time evolution of MHWs that can provide a visualization that demonstrates the global impact of these events.
Book review: Janet Y. Chen, The Sounds of Mandarin: Learning to Speak a National Language in China and Taiwan, 1913–1960
Authors: Pandey Aditya Kumar
Published: November 2024

Janet Y. Chen, The Sounds of Mandarin: Learning to Speak a National Language in China and Taiwan, 1913–1960 (Columbia University Press, 2023), pp. 424, $35.00, ISBN: 9780231209038 (paperback).
Optimal Number of Replications for Obtaining Stable Dynamic Fit Index Cutoffs
Authors: Liu Xinran , McNeish Daniel
Published: November 2024

Factor analysis is commonly used in behavioral sciences to measure latent constructs, and researchers routinely consider approximate fit indices to ensure adequate model fit and to provide important validity evidence. Due to a lack of generalizable fit index cutoffs, methodologists suggest simulation-based methods to create customized cutoffs that allow researchers to assess model fit more accurately. However, simulation-based methods are computationally intensive. An open question is: How many simulation replications are needed for these custom cutoffs to stabilize? This Monte Carlo simulation study focuses on one such simulation-based method—dynamic fit index (DFI) cutoffs—to determine the optimal number of replications for obtaining stable cutoffs. Results indicated that the DFI approach generates stable cutoffs with 500 replications (the currently recommended number), but the process can be more efficient with fewer replications, especially in simulations with categorical data. Using fewer replications significantly reduces the computational time for determining cutoff values with minimal impact on the results. For one-factor or three-factor models, results suggested that in most conditions 200 DFI replications were optimal for balancing fit index cutoff stability and computational efficiency.
Biagio Marin, Mario Novaro e La Riviera Ligure
Authors: Giordanelli Stefano
Published: November 2024

L'articolo mette in luce la collaborazione di Biagio Marin (Grado 1891 – Trieste 1985) alla rivista La Riviera Ligure diretta da Mario Novaro (Diano Marina, Imperia 1868 – Forti di Nava, Imperia 1944), cercando di ricostruire il contesto da cui nacque questo breve rapporto. Il poeta gradese si avvicinò alla rivista nella sua ultima fase, poco prima che cessasse le pubblicazioni, e riuscì a dare alle stampe “Notturno”, ma non la poesia “Amo vagabondare.”, che viene qui proposta per la prima volta. Oltre all'inedito appena citato sono trascritte due lettere del poeta al direttore de La Riviera Ligure, anche queste mai pubblicate.
The Effects of Cognitive Self-Consciousness, Cultural Values, and Socioeconomic Context on Anxiety in Youth: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shi Wei
Published: November 2024

Youth mental health is a global health priority due to its increasing prevalence and adverse outcomes. Although the relationship between metacognitions and anxiety is well-documented in adults, further research is needed for the younger populations. This research examines two questions: (a) What is the correlation between cognitive self-consciousness and anxiety in children and adolescents? (b) Is this correlation moderated by cultural and socioeconomic differences? Based on 22 effect sizes from 8,459 participants in 11 countries, a meta-analysis was performed to find the overall effect size, heterogeneity, publication bias, and the moderating effect of Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions and United Nation Development Programme’s (UNDP) Human Development Index (HDI). Using the random-effects model, the results revealed that cognitive self-consciousness ( r = .312, p < .0001, 95% confidence interval: [.257, .365]) showing moderate effect size in association with anxiety in children and adolescents. Meta-regressions indicated that power distance, masculinity, and HDI were important moderators. The findings show a significant correlation between cognitive self-consciousness and mental wellness in youth. The results have important implications for understanding the influence of cultural beliefs and national-level context on the associations between cognition and psychopathology. This article provides consistent evidence that there is a lack of mental health research resources in the Global South.
Indigeneity in Context—Evolving Maya Ch’orti’ Notions of Cultural Identity: A Qualitative Study From 1993 to 2019
Authors: Bagheri Sarvestani Daniel , Duden Gesa Solveig
Published: November 2024

The Maya Ch’orti’ people are Indigenous to the border regions of Honduras and Guatemala. For a great number of years, they have faced structural racism and discrimination combined with continued land dispossession. In the contexts of colonization and the creation of the modern Honduran state, any identification with Indigenous groups has generally had negative connotations. Since the advent of the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Discourses (IPRD), however, more communities have actively aligned with the Maya Ch’orti’ people. In our investigation of the ways in which cultural identity and belonging to a Maya Ch’orti’ community have shifted and evolved over time, we analyzed a total of 45 interview transcripts across three time points (1990s: n = 15, 2003–2004: n = 15, and 2018–2019: n = 15) using thematic analysis and a cross–data set analysis. Five major themes were developed: “Our land,” “In the past, we were oppressed and ashamed,” “Difficult present life: We are still oppressed,” “Maya Ch’orti’ revitalization and empowerment,” and “Being Indigenous.” As we compared these themes across our time points, it became apparent that notions of cultural identity have evolved in the Maya Ch’orti’ community from a negative appraisal to a positive, empowered, and confident notion. Our findings are being discussed in connection to the context of the IPRD and Indigenous peoples in other countries.
Compromise and Consensus: Toward a Two-Track Model of Deliberation
Authors: Bech-Pedersen Palle , Carl Christian
Published: November 2024

In this article, we discuss the relationship between deliberative democracy, compromise, and consensus. According to one view, deliberation should aim exclusively at compromise (compromise-only view). According to another view, compromise processes are incompatible with with the epistemic logic of deliberation (no-compromise view). Against the compromise-only view, we argue that it relies on a misunderstanding of the role of consensus and fails to capture how consensus-oriented deliberations are conducive to important learning processes. Against the no-compromise view, we argue that it mistakenly envisages deliberation in purely epistemic terms and that this misunderstands the point and purpose of deliberative democracy as a practical political ideal. By adopting a distinct second-order perspective, we demonstrate how compromise processes can be rendered compatible with a deliberative orientation to finding the best political outcomes. Based on these discussions, we articulate a two-track model of deliberation that shows how deliberative democracy can be dually committed to compromise and consensus.
Moderated Mediating Effects of Earthquake Experiences of Adolescents in the Relationship between Hope, Meaning in Life and Gratitude
Authors: Polat Meyrem Ayça , Aliyev Ramin
Published: November 2024

The research examines the mediating role of the presence of the meaning of life in the relationship between gratitude and hope and whether this relationship differs because of moving to another city after the earthquake and loss. In the study in which the correlational research model was used, the study group consisted of 443 high school students from different school types who experienced the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake. The findings indicate that the presence of meaning plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between gratitude and hope. Also, loss due to the earthquake causes significant differences in the relationship between gratitude and hope mediated by the presence of the meaning of life. Additionally, the presence of meaning scores of the participants who lost their nuclear family members or loved ones are lower than those who didn’t. The results show that grateful individuals will feel more hopeful with meaning in their lives.
Book review: Mitul Baruah. 2023. Slow Disaster: Political Ecology of Hazards and Everyday Life in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam
Authors: Bora Simashree
Published: November 2024

Mitul Baruah. 2023. Slow Disaster: Political Ecology of Hazards and Everyday Life in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam. Oxon and New York: Routledge. xvi + 154 pp. Figures, tables, index. £104.00 (hardback—ISBN: 9780367509774)
Entertainment for Cosmopolitism: Science Fiction Fosters Identification With All Humanity via Awe
Authors: Wu Fuzhong , Zhang Zheng
Published: November 2024

Research suggests that identification with all humanity (IWAH), a socio-psychological basis underpinning global solidarity, may be fostered by science fiction (sci-fi). However, the causality remains undetermined, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully explored. To address this, we propose a genre-specific pathway of self-transcendent media effects and test it from both the immediate and longitudinal perspectives. We conducted three studies with participants recruited from China. The preliminary study ( N = 1,060) revealed that sci-fi was distinctive in its capacity to elicit awe, a nuanced self-transcendent emotion in response to vast and novel stimuli. Using two controlled experiments, Study 1 ( N = 713) found that sci-fi narratives (vs. realistic narratives or no-message) boosted state IWAH by inducing awe. Through a three-wave panel design, Study 2 ( N = 543) documented that cumulative sci-fi engagement elevated IWAH over time by facilitating awe experiences in everyday life.
Sibling relationship qualities and prosocial behaviors in Asian Indian college students: Intervening roles of family respect values and empathy
Authors: Maiya Sahitya , Streit Cara , Kline Gabrielle C.
Published: November 2024

Despite rising interest in understanding siblings as socialization agents of young adults’ well-being in diverse cultural contexts, strengths-based research on the sibling socialization of youth prosocial behaviors in non-Western, majority world settings (i.e., India) is lacking. The present study investigated the associations between siblings’ relationship qualities (i.e., support and conflict) and prosocial behaviors towards different recipients (i.e., family, friends, and strangers), and considered the intervening roles of family respect values and empathy among Asian Indian young adults. Cross-sectional data were drawn from 197 college students ( M = 21.6 years, SD = 2.3, range = 18–25; 61.6% women) with at least one sibling from urban liberal arts colleges in India. Using online surveys, participants self-reported on their perceived levels of support and conflict with siblings, empathy, family respect, and prosocial behaviors. Path analyses yielded evidence for both family respect and empathy as intervening mechanisms between sibling support (but not sibling conflict) and prosocial behaviors. Sibling support was related to higher family respect, which was subsequently associated with greater empathy. In turn, empathy was linked to more prosocial behaviors towards family, friends, and strangers. Sibling conflict was only directly associated with lower family respect. Findings have key implications for traditional and culturally-integrated theoretical models of prosocial development by emphasizing the interplay of sibling relationship qualities, cultural values, and moral developmental mechanisms for Asian Indian young adults’ prosocial behaviors.
Responses to clinical treatment of bipolar versus unipolar depressive episodes in women versus men
Authors: Baldessarini Ross John , Miola Alessandro , Vázquez Gustavo , Tondo Leonardo
Published: November 2024

Background:

Whether responses to treatment of major depressive episodes differ between women and men or with bipolar (BD) and major depressive disorders (MDD) remains unresolved.

Aims:

To test for diagnostic and sex differences in responses to treatment of depression.

Methods:

We compared changes in the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS21) ratings of depression ( n = 3243) between women (64.7%) and men, and between DSM-5-TR BD ([ n = 253] and subtypes I [BD1] vs II [BD2]) and MDD ( n = 2990), using bivariate comparisons and multivariate modeling.

Results:

Treatments included clinically individualized use of antidepressants (by 92.4%, in doses averaging 90.0 mg/day imipramine-equivalent), sometimes with mood-stabilizing agents (32.1%), second-generation antipsychotics (18.8%), or psychotherapy (38.6%). Depression ratings decreased by 60.6% to a final mean HDRS score of 7.44; response rate (⩾50% reduction in HDRS) averaged 63.7%. Outcomes were very similar in women and men as well as with BD versus MDD, and between BD subtypes. Moreover, age, duration of illness, initial HDRS score, dose of antidepressant, and weeks of treatment, as well as sex and diagnosis were not associated with improvement of HDRS with treatment. Only 6/42 comparisons involving 21 individual HDRS items differed significantly in improvement between sexes or diagnoses. Results were very similar to the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale depression ratings. Only 2.0% of the subjects experienced mood-switching into clinical (hypo)mania and the final Young Mania Rating Scale ratings averaged 0.63.

Conclusions:

Responses to clinical treatment (as % reduction of HDRS score, response rate, or final HDRS score) of depressed women versus men, and BD (including BD1 vs BD2) versus MDD were substantial and very similar.
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia causing bilateral galactomastia with short-term recurrence after surgery: a case report
Authors: Lian Zhouyang , Chen Xianzan , Liu Chunling
Published: November 2024

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a rare, benign breast lesion characterized by collagen proliferation, often identified as an incidental microscopic finding. Clinically, it may present as a palpable, well-defined breast mass or, in rare instances, as a diffuse, bilateral process leading to significant breast enlargement. We herein report a case of extensive diffuse PASH with short-term recurrence following lesion resection at another hospital. Because of the severity of symptoms, the patient underwent bilateral mastectomy at our facility. This article reviews the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of PASH and emphasizes the importance of an accurate preoperative imaging diagnosis for guiding appropriate treatment.
Head tilt in 6 Ankole-Watusi cattle (Bos taurus ankole) with chronic exudative cornual sinusitis
Authors: Ludwig Latasha , Rätsep Emily , Fontenot Deidre , Conley Kenneth J. , Rodriguez Carlos E. , Larouche Cédric B.
Published: November 2024

Ankole-Watusi cattle, Bos taurus ankole, have a unique wide-based horn structure with a large communication to the frontal sinus compared to other cattle breeds. A total of 6 cases of cornual sinusitis presented at the Toronto Zoo and Disney’s Animal Kingdom Lodge® and Disney’s Animal Kingdom® Theme Park with a head tilt. Clinically, 4 of the 6 cases had concurrent otitis at the time of initial clinical observation. Medical management was the standard across all cases with limited surgical success in 2 cases. Due to intractable and progressive clinical signs despite treatment attempts, euthanasia and postmortem examinations were performed. All animals had gross and histologic evidence of cornual sinusitis with massive mucoid exudate in either 1 or both horns. Fluid accumulation and sinusitis within the cornual sinus should be considered a differential diagnosis in Ankole-Watusi cattle with a head tilt.
Children’s geographies II: Adults
Authors: Blazek Matej
Published: November 2024

In this second report on children’s geographies, I ask what geographical research on children and childhood can tell us about adults and adulthood. Discussing three figurative relationalities – childhood as a projection, project and provenance of adulthood – the report addresses the asymmetrical dynamics between adults and children as they manifest distinctively in spatial contexts ranging from family and education to climate politics and war. This relational framing offers a critical lens for examining adulthood not as an implicitly normative model of subjectivity but in relation to its contingent positioning vis-à-vis childhood.
Two-Fluid Approach to the Emergency Movement of Pedestrians Through a Passage
Authors: Vikram Durgesh , Mahapatra Tanmaya
Published: November 2024

Egress times of pedestrians from the narrow and the wide passages are modeled analytically in this study. The pedestrians in this study constitute both faster (like the ones who are healthy) and slower (like the ones who are older, disabled, etc.) pedestrians. The narrow and the wide passages can accommodate single-file and double-file movement of pedestrians, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, we have developed analytical models of egress time considering the characteristics of the passage and the pedestrians mentioned above for the first time. The models developed in this study can be used to plan evacuation through a bottleneck of pedestrians from hospitals and places of mass gathering, among others, during an emergency. A set of evacuation strategy guidelines has been discussed based on the results of the models developed in this study.
Protective Factors for Mental Disorders Among Survivors of Military Sexual Trauma: A Canadian Population-Based Study: Facteurs de protection relatifs à l’apparition de troubles mentaux chez les survivantes et survivants de traumatismes sexuels liés au service militaire : une étude basée sur la population canadienne
Authors: Sommer Jordana L. , Bolton Shay-Lee , El-Gabalawy Renée , Afifi Tracie O. , Sareen Jitender , Mota Natalie
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Military sexual trauma (MST) is a prevalent issue among actively serving members and Veterans, and is associated with adverse health outcomes including mental disorders. This study sought to identify correlates and protective factors for the development of mental disorders among Canadian MST survivors.

Methods

We analyzed data from participants of the longitudinal 2018 Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey (CAFVMHS) who experienced MST (rounded n = 455; 9.6%). A semi-structured diagnostic interview assessed MST and mental disorders in accordance with DSM-IV criteria. Multivariable logistic regressions examined associations between sample characteristics (2002 and 2018) and psychosocial factors (at baseline [i.e., 2002] and 2018) and any mental disorder since 2002. Analyses were run among the full subsample of MST survivors and additionally stratified by sex, when possible.

Results

Among MST survivors, 66.5% had a mental disorder since 2002. Among the total sample, those who were officers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58) or on active duty (OR = 0.52) had reduced odds of any mental disorder since 2002. In addition, less frequent use of avoidance coping in 2002 and 2018 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.86, 0.64), more frequent use of active coping in 2018 (AOR = 0.64), less frequent use of self-medication coping in 2018 (AOR = 0.79), greater perceived social support in 2018 (AOR = 0.94), and reduced work stress across various domains in 2018 (AOR: 0.67–0.87) were associated with reduced odds of any mental disorder since 2002. Some variability emerged according to sex (e.g., types of work stress or coping emerging as protective).

Conclusions

Results highlight certain sample characteristics and psychosocial factors that illustrated a protective relationship with mental disorders among MST survivors. Findings may inform targeted intervention strategies that could help mitigate adverse mental health impacts of MST.
Forever is a Long Time: Charitable Perpetuity Maintaining the Nonprofit Industrial Complex
Authors: Heckler Nuri , Eikenberry Angela M. , Love Kenya
Published: November 2024

This paper uses critical legal studies (CLS) and critical nonprofit studies (CNS) to examine the charitable exception to the Rule Against Perpetuities (RAP). In the middle-ages, RAP sought to lessen the worry that the so-called “dead-hand” of landholders would exert outsized influence over subsequent generations. RAP forbids people from putting conditions on property transfers unless those conditions expire no later than 21 years after a life in being, but an exception is made for charities. The exception exists because charities are assumed to be almost always beneficial to society; an assumption CLS and CNS question. By questioning such assumptions about the charitable exception to RAP, we reveal the extent to which the nonprofit sector is deliberately constructed to benefit the powerful, and the extent to which it can be deliberately remade.
Surgical Extraction of the Mandibular First Molar Tooth in the Dog
Authors: Marretta Sandra Manfra
Published: November 2024

Common indications for tooth extraction include crown fracture and periodontal disease. Extractions performed for crown fracture are challenging since the periodontium is usually unaffected. Even in cases of extraction for severe periodontal disease, roots may be more firmly attached than anticipated. Large, multi-rooted teeth such as the mandibular first molar (M1) are candidates for surgical extraction which is described step-by-step (Figs. 1-9).

Extraction of multi-rooted teeth may be particularly challenging since the roots are usually divergent providing resistance to delivery of the intact tooth (Fig. 10). Another anatomical consideration is the proximity of the mandibular canal and the neurovascular structures within the canal. Slippage of the periodontal elevator should be avoided and displaced root tips should be handled carefully to avoid trauma to the mandibular artery, vein, and nerve. The oral surgical methods described here including development of a mucoperiosteal flap, buccal alveolar bone removal, and crown sectioning facilitate uncomplicated extraction of the mandibular Ml tooth.

The primary complication associated with surgical extraction of this tooth is iatrogenic fracture of the mandible, especially in cases of alveolar bone loss associated with endodontic and/or periodontal disease. Preoperative radiographs aid the clinician in documenting the degree of pathologic bone destruction before the extraction procedure in order to properly advise the client and develop an appropriate treatment plan. In cases of moderate to severe alveolar bone loss, additional bone removal should be judicious in order to avoid iatrogenic fracture and maintain mandibular integrity postoperatively. Repair of mandibular fracture associated with M1 extraction may be challenging since loss of bone and tooth structure limit surgical techniques to provide fracture stabilization (see the Veterinary Dentist at Work feature on page 22). Osseoconductive materials applied in the alveoli may be indicated to augment and expedite bony healing at the extraction site.
Jewish Belonging in Medieval Europe: Challenges and Possibilities
Authors: Baumgarten Elisheva
Published: November 2024

This article discusses aspects of the ways Jews belonged and were seen as belonging in the Middle Ages, alongside the ways they were set aside and portrayed as outsiders in medieval Europe. It details different social, cultural and religious means through which the affinity of Jews to their medieval homes were expressed together with expressions of difference and alienation. The introduction sets the stage for the articles in this volume that explore different facets of this topic.
Frailty and Its Associated Factors in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tsou Tsung-Tai , Chen Hui-Mei , Chang Shih-Lin , Lyu Jheng-Sian , Wu Shu-Fang
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of frailty and its predictors among Taiwanese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). A cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 188 AF patients aged over 20 years from a medical center in northern Taiwan. Participants were recruited from September 1 to December 30, 2022. Structured questionnaires were used to gather data on demographics, disease characteristics, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Index, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form, Chinese Version Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Among Taiwanese AF patients, over two-thirds were at risk of frailty, with susceptibility increasing with age. Key potential predictors included sex, cognitive function, nutritional status, sleep quality, and depression, jointly explaining 47.6% of the variation, with nutritional status being the most significant. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive assessment and management strategies to address frailty in AF patients and improve overall health outcomes.
To explore the protective effect and mechanism of KLF7 overexpression on retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush in mice
Authors: Hua Dihao , Gu Jingsai , Xie Feijia , Xu Yishuang , Li Zongyuan , Zheng Hongmei , Chen Zhen
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Krüppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after optic nerve crush (ONC).

Methods

Ninety 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to five groups. The blank control group (group A), IVT (intravitreal injection) of KLF7 (group B), IVT of phosphate-buffered saline after ONC (group C), IVT of KLF7 after ONC (group D), and IVT of green fluorescent protein after ONC (group E). Retinal electroretinography and immunofluorescence staining were performed to observe the function and survival rate of RGCs on days 3 and 7 after ONC. The Western Blot determined the expressions of JNK 1, ERK, P38, NF-κB, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α seven days after ONC.

Results

After ONC, KLF7 gradually increased from day 3 to day 14, with the peak noted a peak on day 7. On day 7 after ONC, the RGC survival rate in Group D was significantly higher than in groups C ( P = 0.028) and E ( P = 0.007). The negative PhNR wave amplitude significantly decreased in groups C ( P = 0.03) and E ( P = 0.04) compared to group D. Moreover, group D also showed significantly higher ERK levels among the groups (all P < 0.01); NF-κB, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α expression decreased significantly in group D compared with groups C and E (all P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Overexpression of KLF7 improved the survival rate and function of RGCs in mice ONC models by activating the ERK pathway and inhibiting relevant inflammatory factors. KLF7 may be a promising protective factor against optic nerve damage.
Intra-Parotid Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Following Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Bourial Abderrahim , Nourallah Laraqui Othmane , Abdillahi Mahamoud Chirwa , Elhani Hiba , Elmjabber Reyzane , Taali Loubna , Anajar Said , Essaadi Mustapha , Snoussi Khalid , Dahbi Zineb , Hajjij Amal
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Intra-parotid metastasis refers to the spread of cancerous cells from a primary tumor to the lymph nodes within the parotid gland. To our best knowledge, we report the first described case in the literature of a patient who received IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (UCNT) without sparing the parotid gland and still experienced a recurrence.

Case presentation:

A 57-year-old male patient of north African origin presented with a left parotid mass that had been evolving for 6 months. He was previously diagnosed with and treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma 2 years prior to admission, with Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) without sparing the parotid gland, as well as chemotherapy. Medical imaging was suggestive of recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and metastasis due to the patient’s medical history. The patient benefited from a total parotidectomy; The histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed the presence of a poorly differentiated carcinoma (UCNT) with nodal metastasis.

Conclusion:

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) holds great promise as an alternative treatment option. However, it should be reserved for specific cases with minimal lymph node involvement, and always preceded by a thorough clinical and radiological examination.
Strategic corporate social responsibility in the tourism and hospitality industry: Conceptual proposal
Authors: Lee Seoki , Hwang Da Hyun S , Shin Minjung , Kang Kyung Ho
Published: November 2024

Considering the growing significance of CSR in the corporate world, this study critically reflects the extant CSR literature and CSR practices, and proposes a conceptual CSR framework, called Strategic CSR, to highlight the importance of developing and implementing CSR practices that can create and optimize both social and business value. Strategic CSR incorporates four existing concepts and frameworks: creating shared value, enlightened stakeholder theory, resource-based theory, and CSR fit perspective. The essential argument for Strategic CSR is that businesses should develop and implement CSR practices that are directly related to the businesses’ core operations and competencies. This study also discusses several additional important issues to consider in developing and implementing Strategic CSR to enhance the understanding of the framework along with tourism and hospitality industry examples. This study conducted survey of which results generally support the proposed framework. Lastly, the study suggests several research directions for CSR scholars.
The gender congruency effect in sentence context depends on gender transparency and L2 proficiency: A self-paced reading study with Polish–German bilinguals
Authors: Długosz Kamil , Olszewska Anna
Published: November 2024

Aims and objectives:

The gender congruency effect, and so the facilitated retrieval of grammatical gender for translation equivalents of the same gender, has been documented in the recognition of isolated words in L2. Our study investigates whether this effect extends to word recognition in sentence context and whether it is modulated by gender transparency and L2 proficiency.

Design/methodology/approach:

Sixty late unbalanced Polish–German bilinguals completed a self-paced reading task with noun phrases manipulated for lexical gender congruency with L1 (congruent, incongruent) and noun-internal gender transparency in L2 (transparent, non-transparent). L2 proficiency was assessed through the Dialang test.

Data and analysis:

Reading times on the noun were analysed by means of linear mixed-effects modelling.

Findings/conclusion:

Results showed a gender congruency effect that was limited to transparent nouns and which was greater at lower L2 proficiency levels.

Originality:

The study is the first to investigate the gender congruency effect in the recognition of nouns embedded in grammatical sentences.

Significance/implications:

The study shows that the presence of a contextualising sentence does not eliminate the cross-language effects of grammatical gender. Furthermore, it provides first evidence that individual noun-internal gender cues modulate the gender congruency effect. The findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between gender transparency at the micro-level and the degree of activation of gender values.
Trust it or not: Understanding users’ motivations and strategies for assessing the credibility of AI-generated information
Authors: Ou Mengxue , Zheng Han , Zeng Yueliang , Hansen Preben
Published: November 2024

The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) facilitates the creation of multimodal information of mixed quality, intensifying the challenges individuals face when assessing information credibility. Through in-depth interviews with users of generative AI platforms, this study investigates the underlying motivations and multidimensional approaches people use to assess the credibility of AI-generated information. Four major motivations driving users to authenticate information are identified: expectancy violation, task features, personal involvement, and pre-existing attitudes. Users evaluate AI-generated information’s credibility using both internal (e.g. relying on AI affordances, content integrity, and subjective expertise) and external approaches (e.g. iterative interaction, cross-validation, and practical testing). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the context of AI-generated content assessment.
Study of the effect of N, N-diethyl hydroxyl amine/multi-layered graphene oxide hybrid on reducing cathodic delamination and increasing corrosion resistance of epoxy coating on steel substrate
Authors: Ramzanpour Mardakheh Mohammad , Talebi Darestani Amirreza , Mohammadi Somayeh
Published: November 2024

In this study, a hybrid of multi-layered graphene oxide (MLGO) and oxygen absorbent corrosion inhibitor N, N-diethyl hydroxylamine (DEHA) was investigated. The nano hybrid was prepared in order to reduce the amount of cathodic delamination and increase the corrosion resistance of the epoxy coating. Epoxy coatings were prepared using the optimal percentage of 0.75 wt. % of the nano hybrid with different ratios between MLGO and DEHA like (1:2), (1:1) and (2:1). Mapping energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermo gravimetry analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis indicated the uniform distribution of the inhibitor throughout the MLGO structure and the hydrogen bond interactions between them. The results of FT-IR spectroscopy: attenuated total reflectance test after six months confirmed the presence and stability of the inhibitor in the coating. Also, the results of 800 h of salt spray test and the long-term electrochemical impedance test after 7 months showed that the epoxy coating, containing MLGO-DEHA (1:2) had the highest corrosion resistance (2.54 × 107 Ω cm2) and the lowest cathodic delamination (15.9%). The results were also confirmed by cathodic delamination and pull-off adhesion tests.
Geschierian magic: Belonging beyond autochthony. A special issue in honour of Peter Geschiere
Authors: Guadeloupe Francio , Bracke Sarah , McBrien Julie , Spronk Rachel
Published: November 2024

This article traces the intellectual trajectory of the anthropologist and Africanist Peter Geschiere, which is deeply informed by a commitment to meticulous and long-term ethnographic fieldwork that prioritizes local ways of being and subjectivities. The article highlights some of the significant contributions Geschiere made to the fields of Anthropology and African Studies, including his insights into the politics and perils of belonging which he studied in relation to the rise of politics of autochthony in both the Netherlands and in Cameroon as well as his sustained intellectual attention to what can be called the occult or the hidden dimensions of kinship and witchcraft. The article opens a special issue honouring of the work of Peter Geschiere.
Enhancing customer civility: Integrating civility climate behaviors and self-service technology
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Fatima Hina , Alamdar Ali Shah Syed
Published: November 2024

This study draws on social exchange theory and the technology acceptance model to examine how civility climate behaviors and self-service technology influence customer civility. Utilizing multilevel modeling with data from 379 employees and 304 customers over three time lags, the research identifies that civility climate behaviors significantly enhance customer civility. The findings reveal that a civility climate toward customers fully mediates this relationship, and self-service technology strongly moderates it, strengthening the positive effects. The study contributes by shifting focus from employee responses to proactive customer engagement strategies. It provides empirical support for the impact of consistent service delivery, solving problems, personalized interactions, and going the extra mile on customer civility. These insights highlight the importance of balancing technological investments with customized service to optimize customer outcomes. Service managers should train staff to deliver on promises, solve problems promptly, and use user-friendly self-service technologies to foster a positive civility climate. This approach enhances customer experiences, supports a respectful service environment, and contributes to employee well-being and organizational performance.