bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mixed Constitution of Demetrius Phalereus
Authors: Saldutti Vittorio
Published: June 2022

The politeia established in Athens in 317 after a covenant between Cassander and Demetrius of Phalerum was variously described by ancient authors as a tyranny, an oligarchy, and a democracy. Even among modern scholars there is no agreement about its definition. A close study of the architecture of the so-called regime of Demetrius and a comparison with the almost contemporary constitution of Cyrene, imposed on the African town by Ptolemaeus I, lead us to characterize it as a mixed constitution, which balanced elements from the three principal types of political organisation. This experiment had a strong impact on the Hellenistic and Roman political traditions, as testified by Cicero, who recalled Demetrius as the last great Athenian lawgiver and inventor of the blended constitution.
Berenike Phernophoros and Other Virgin Queens in Early-Ptolemaic Egypt
Authors: Coşkun Altay
Published: June 2022

The main function of Hellenistic queenship is increasingly understood as contributing to the definition of thebasileus. The early Ptolemies produced the most peculiar version of the ‘sister queen’, known throughout the Near East as an ideological construct, but taken literally in Egypt from the time of Ptolemy II Philadelphos (285/282–246) and Arsinoe II Philadelphos (278/275–270), the ‘Sibling-Lovers’. The most famous example of a ‘virgin queen’ is Berenike, the daughter of Ptolemy III Euergetes and Berenike II, best known from the Kanopos Decree, which regulated her posthumous cult (238). Often understood as a merely honorary title for some or potentially all princesses in Alexandria, thebasilissatitle of unmarried girls has found little scholarly attention so far. Altogether, there are surprisingly few royal daughters for whom we have clear evidence: besides the aforesaid Berenike, her sister Arsinoe III (died 204) and previously Berenike (later known as Phernophoros, died 246), the daughter of the Philadelphoi. Claims that Arsinoe II or her sister Philotera had enjoyed the same status at the court of Ptolemy I Soter (323–282) cannot be substantiated, so that theirbasilissatitles should be explained by marriage with a king. The phenomenon of virgin queenship was thus of limited duration. It is best interpreted as a ramification of an emphatically endogamous royal dynasty: Ptolemy II and Ptolemy III pledged their most distinguished daughter to the future successor even before he had been chosen from among his brothers.
Wear resistance and microstructural evaluation of a hardfacing welded S355J2 steel pipe piles
Authors: Özen Fatih , Onar Volkan , Çil Gökhan , Gel Mahmut
Published: June 2022

Steel pipe piles are used to reinforce the grounds. Due to high hardness of the rocky materials, in some cases, the tip surface should be developed with new designs in terms of geometry, material and heat treatment. In this study, a hardfacing welding, which reinforces the application point of the tip surface, was applied on the steel pipe pile shoe tip which was manufactured from S355J2 steel. Wear tests were applied and hardness measurements were made to explain wear behavior. According to the results, the hardened surface of the 3rd layer which was welded with FCH-360 flux cored wire showed higher hardness than other layers. Similarly, the highest wear resistance was obtained in this layer. Martensitic and bainitic structures with ferrite islets were observed from the first layer to the second layer. The bainite and ferrite isles were gradually transformed to martensite and maintained itself from first to third layer. The martensitic structure mainly controlled the hardness and wear resistance. The sizes of the martensite highly affected the hardness and wear resistance of the layer itself.
Effect of tempering temperature on mechanical properties and microstructure of AISI 4140 and AISI 4340 tempered steels
Authors: Saraç Erdem , Özbek Nursel Altan
Published: June 2022

The AISI 4140 and AISI 4340 tempered steels are widely used in industry. This study investigated the effects of the tempering temperature on the mechanical properties of these steels. The steels were kept at 850 °C for 30 min, left in an oil environment, and then subjected to hardening. The samples were then tempered for 1 h at four different temperatures (300, 450, 550, and 650 °C). Hardness measurements were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the materials. In addition, the samples were subjected to tensile, notch impact, and wear tests. The samples were also examined microstructurally. The results revealed that the hardness, impact energy, and wear rates of samples of both steels decreased when tempering was applied after quenching. As the tempering temperature was increased, these values tended to decrease. However, the impact value increased in parallel with the tempering heat treatment and tempering temperature.
Study on the effects of the tension and torsion loading sequence on the mechanical properties of a 20 carbon steel
Authors: Hou Pengliang , Jing Huantao , He Yujie , Zhao Hongwei , Xiao Haining , Zhang Chunwei
Published: June 2022

In engineering applications, cylindrical bars of 20 carbon steel are often subjected to a combination of tensile loading and torsional loading during the service, thereby causing premature failure or an accident. In order to explore the influence of loading sequence of tension and torsion on the mechanical properties of 20 carbon steel, tests of combined tension-torsion loading and combined torsion-tension loading are employed in this work. During experiments, a microscope is used for the in situ characterization of micro-damage evolution on the surface of specimens. At the same time, to analyze the influence of loading sequence on the stress distribution, ABAQUS software is utilized to conduct the relevant finite element simulation, where the results of finite element analysis are consistent with the experiments. Evidently, the torsional strength of 20 carbon steel is decreased with an increase in the pre-tensile stress, under the combined tension-torsion. However, the tensile strength of 20 carbon steel is enhanced with the increasing pre-torsional angles, under the combined torsion-tension. Moreover, the in situ images characterized the micro-damage evolution of 20 carbon steel under pure tension, pure torsion, combined tension-torsion and combined torsion-tension. It is concluded that the deference in loading sequence changes the failure mechanism of 20 carbon steel is different.
The Anxiety of Tradition: Unrealized Weddings in Berdichevsky’s Yiddish Stories
Authors: Redfield James Adam , Gutfeld Tamar
Published: June 2022

The trilingual author Mikhah Yosef Berdichevsky (1865–1921) is widely known as a literary modernist and a rebel against Jewish socio-religious conventions. Yet he also developed an original dialectical way of thinking about Jewish tradition. Berdichevsky’s theory of tradition is partly elaborated in his undeservedly obscure Yiddish stories. In order to reconstruct this theory, we undertake a typology and thematic analysis of their signature literary trope: the unrealized wedding.
On Truth and Lie in the Object-Oriented Sense
Authors: Harman Graham
Published: June 2022

This article begins with a treatment of Friedrich Nietzsche’s early essay “On Truth and Lie in the Extra-Moral Sense.” The essay is often read, in the deconstructive tradition, as a showcase example of the impossibility of making a literal philosophical claim: is Nietzsche’s claim that all truth is merely metaphorical itself a true statement, or merely a metaphorical one? The present article claims that this supposed paradox relies on the groundless assumption that all philosophy must ultimately be grounded in some unshakeable literal truth. From here, we turn to Edmund Gettier’s famous critique of the widespread notion of knowledge as “justified true belief.” Expanding on Gettier’s point, it is argued that there can only be “justified untrue belief” or “unjustified true belief,” never a belief that is both justified and true at once.
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) in multimodal therapy for patients with oligometastatic peritoneal gastric cancer: a randomized multicenter phase III trial PIPAC VEROne
Authors: Casella Francesco , Bencivenga Maria , Rosati Riccardo , Fumagalli Uberto Romario , Marrelli Daniele , Pacelli Fabio , Macrì Antonio , Donini Annibale , Torroni Lorena , Pavarana Michele , De Manzoni Giovanni
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is the most frequent site of metastases in patients with gastric cancer. Current standard treatment is palliative systemic chemotherapy with very poor prognosis. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) resulted in long-term benefits in selected patients. Among patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, a distinctive subset is oligometastatic disease which is characterized by low metastatic burden. Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a recent technique of intraperitoneal chemotherapy used in combination with systemic chemotherapy with promising results.

Methods

PIPAC VER-One is a prospective, randomized, multicenter phase III clinical trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of PIPAC in combination with systemic chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer and synchronous positive peritoneal cytology and/or limited peritoneal metastases (peritoneal cancer index [PCI] ≤6). Patients will be randomized into two arms: arm A (control) treated with standard systemic chemotherapy and arm B (experimental) treated with a bidirectional scheme including PIPAC and systemic chemotherapy.

Results

Primary endpoint is the secondary resectability rate. Secondary endpoints are: overall survival (OS), pregression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), histological response assessed both on primary tumor and peritoneal lesions, quality of life (QoL), complication rate (CTCAE v5), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER).

Conclusions

The role of PIPAC in multimodal treatment for oligometastatic gastric cancer will be investigated in this trial.
A patient with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis involving multiple cranial nerves due to a rare p.(Phe84Ser) variant
Authors: Yan Xian-rang , Hong Ming-fan , Zhou Zhi-hua , Liu Ai-qun , Peng Zhong-xing , Wu Wei-feng , Jing Cheng , Lin Jia-xiu , Long Ying , Yu Qing-yun
Published: June 2022

We report a 30-year-old man involving gastrointestinal symptoms, vitreous opacity, and multiple cranial neuropathies. Transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis genetic testing revealed a rare c.251T > C variant p.(Phe84Ser). Only four cases with this variant have been reported before.
Optimierte Antriebs- und Sensorauslegung für intelligente Vorschubachssysteme
Authors: Herfs Werner , Kehne Sebastian , Neus Stephan
Published: June 2022

Moderne Vorschubachssysteme benötigen eine gute Beobacht- und Steuerbarkeit des Tool-Center-Punktes (TCP), um auch bei größeren Prozesskräften passgenau fertigen und den Prozess monitoren zu können. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, dies schon bei der Auslegung des Antriebsstranges und bei der Wahl der Sensorik zu berücksichtigen. Klassische Kriterien für Beobacht- und Steuerbarkeit haben sich in der Praxis als weniger geeignet herausgestellt, weswegen neue Kriterien im Rahmen eines DFG-Forschungsprojekt in dieser Veröffentlichung entwickelt werden.
Machine-Learning-Ansatz zur Produktionsauftragsplanung
Authors: Mielke Jonas , Winkler Herwig
Published: June 2022

Maschinelle Lernalgorithmen sind leistungsstarke Werkzeuge, um Muster und Wechselwirkungen in Datenstrukturen zu erkennen. Diese Fähigkeiten werden im Rahmen dieses Beitrags zur Optimierung der Auftragsplanung eines Produktionssystems genutzt. Dabei wird ein praxisnahes Vorgehen zur schnellen Evaluierung neuer Auftragssituationen vorgestellt. Die Datengrundlage bildet dabei ein Simulationsmodell eines realen Produktionssystems.
Produktion der Zukunft – Reifegradmodell als Analyseinstrument
Authors: Wessing Simon , Müller Eckehard
Published: June 2022

Zur Gestaltung von Wertschöpfungsprozessen oder Fabrikplanungen ist für Unternehmen der aktuelle Umsetzungsgrad im Hinblick auf Industrie 4.0, Digitalisierung oder Nachhaltigkeit von großer Bedeutung. In diesem Beitrag werden schwerpunktmäßig Produktionsprozesse bzw. -systeme analysiert und die Ergebnisse in einem Säulenmodell mit dem Titel „Produktion der Zukunft“ definiert. Dieses besteht aus neun Bereichen und wird durch den Zusatz „LAND“ (lean, automatisiert, nachhaltig und digital) beschrieben. Zur Messung der aktuellen Implementierung wird ein Reifegradmodell mit fünf Stufen entwickelt. Für Unternehmen gibt das Ergebnis des Modells die Möglichkeit, ihre Stärken und Schwächen hinsichtlich Themen der Produktion der Zukunft festzustellen.
Sex Differences in Performance and Depth of Field in the United States Olympic Trials
Authors: Jobe Tyler K. , Shaffer Hali N. , Doci Colleen L. , Gries Kevin J.
Published: June 2022

Jobe, TK, Shaffer, HN, Doci, CL, and Gries, KJ. Sex differences in performance and depth of field in the United States Olympic trials. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3122–3129, 2022—Recently, there has been an increased discussion on the role of sex as a variable in human performance. Although there likely remains sociological factors, we can estimate biological sex differences in human performance by comparing finishing times in elite men and women. We sought to determine the effect of sex on running and swimming velocity and depth of field in events of varying lengths in the previous 25 years. Finishing times from United States Olympic trials in running events (100 m to marathon) and freestyle swimming (50–1,500 m) from 1996 to 2021 were collected. Sex differences in velocity were calculated for each year (trends), place (first through seventh), and depth of field (nth place/first place). Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Men were 9–13% faster than women in all running events (p ≤ 0.05). The 100-m dash (9%) had the lowest sex difference compared with races of longer distance (p ≤ 0.05). In swimming, men were faster in all events (6–12%, p ≤ 0.05), in which sex differences generally decreased with longer distances. Depth of field was similar between men and women in all running and swimming events. No differences in the analyzed variables were observed from 1996 to 2021. These data suggest that elite men are 9% faster in the 100 m compared with running races of longer distances (~12%). Sex differences in swimmers tended to get smaller as duration increased. Although participation and other sociological factors in these events may play a role, these sex differences warrant further discussion on the role of sex in athletic competition.
Why Wait? Neuroscience Is for Everyone!
Authors: Myslinski Norbert
Published: June 2022

Neuroscience is not just for neuroscientists. It is for everyone, but it is absent from our high schools. High schools have a huge investment in STEM but do not include neuroscience, although neuroscience is more interesting and relevant to a person’s daily life than most other sciences. However, neuroscience opportunities are increasing for teenagers outside the standard curriculum.
Bone metastases from neuroendocrine tumors: clinical and biological considerations
Authors: Scopel Matteo , De Carlo Eugenio , Bergamo Francesca , Murgioni Sabina , Carandina Riccardo , Cervino Anna Rita , Burei Marta , Vianello Federica , Zagonel Vittorina , Fassan Matteo , Vettor Roberto
Published: June 2022

We considered 351 patients affected by neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), followed at the University Hospital of Padua and at the Veneto Oncological Institute. Of these, 72 (20.5%) suffered from bone metastases. The sample was divided according to the timing of presentation of bone metastases into synchronous (within 6 months of diagnosis of primary tumor) and metachronous (after 6 months). We collected data on the type and grading of the primary tumor and on the features of bone metastases. Our analysis shows that the group of synchronous metastases generally presents primary tumors with a higher degree of malignancy rather than the ones of the metachronous group. This is supported by the finding of a Ki-67 level in GEP-NETs, at the diagnosis of bone metastases, significantly higher in the synchronous group. Moreover, in low-grade NETs, chromogranin A values are higher in the patients with synchronous metastases, indicating a more burden of disease. The parameters of phospho-calcium metabolism are within the normal range, and we do not find significant differences between the groups. Serious bone complications are not frequent and are not correlated with the site of origin of the primary tumor. From the analysis of the survival curves of the total sample, a cumulative survival rate of 33% at 10 years emerges. The average survival is 80 months, higher than what is reported in the literature, while the median is 84 months. In our observation period, synchronous patients tend to have a worse prognosis than metachronous ones with 52-months survival rates of 58 and 86%.
Association of plasma free triiodothyronine levels with contrast-induced acute kidney injury and short-term survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Sun Ling , Zhu Wenwu , Ji Yuan , Zou Ailin , Mao Lipeng , Chi Boyu , Jiang Jianguang , Zhou Xuejun , Wang Qingjie , Zhang Fengxiang
Published: June 2022

Objective

Post-treatment contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A lower free triiodothyronine (FT3) level predicts a poor prognosis of AMI patients. This study evaluated the effect of plasma FT3 level in predicting CI-AKI and short-term survival among AMI patients.

Methods

Coronary arteriography or percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in patients with AMI. A 1:3 propensity score (PS) was used to match patients in the CI-AKI group and the non-CI-AKI group.

Results

Of 1480 patients enrolled in the study, 224 (15.1%) patients developed CI-AKI. The FT3 level was lower in CI-AKI patients than in non-CI-AKI patients (3.72 ± 0.88 pmol/L vs 4.01 ± 0.80 pmol/L, P < 0.001). Compared with those at the lowest quartile of FT3, the patients at quartiles 2–4 had a higher risk of CI-AKI respectively (P for trend = 0.005). The risk of CI-AKI increased by 17.7% as FT3 level decreased by one unit after PS-matching analysis (odds ratio: 0.823; 95% CI: 0.685–0.988, P = 0.036). After a median of 31 days of follow-up (interquartile range: 30–35 days), 78 patients died, including 72 cardiogenic deaths and 6 non-cardiogenic deaths, with more deaths in the CI-AKI group than in the non-CI-AKI group (53 vs 25, P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients at a lower FT3 quartile achieved a worse survival before and after matching.

Conclusion

Lower FT3 may increase the risk of CI-AKI and 1-month mortality in AMI patients.
Risk of cardiovascular events associated with pathophysiological phenotypes of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Stidsen Jacob Volmer , Christensen Diana Hedevang , Henriksen Jan Erik , Højlund Kurt , Olsen Michael Hecht , Thomsen Reimar Wernick , Christensen Lotte Brix , Nielsen Jens Steen , Olesen Thomas Bastholm , Beck-Nielsen Henning
Published: June 2022

Objective

Hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes is caused by varying degrees of two defects: low insulin sensitivity and beta-cell dysfunction. We assessed if subgrouping of patients into three pathophysiological phenotypes according to these defects could identify individuals with high or low risk of future cardiovascular events.

Design

This is a prospective cohort study.

Methods

We assessed estimates of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function from the homeostasis model assessment-2 in 4209 individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes enrolled from general practitioners and outpatient clinics in Denmark. Individuals were followed for a composite cardiovascular endpoint (either atherosclerotic outcomes (myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, stroke, coronary or peripheral revascularization), heart failure, or cardiovascular death) and all-cause mortality.

Results

Totally 417 individuals with the insulinopenic phenotype (high insulin sensitivity and low beta-cell function) had substantially lower risk of cardiovascular events (5-year cumulative incidence: 4.6% vs 10.1%; age-/sex-adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30–0.82) compared with 2685 individuals with the classical phenotype (low insulin sensitivity and low beta-cell function), driven by atherosclerotic events. Conversely, 1107 individuals with the hyperinsulinaemic phenotype (low insulin sensitivity and high beta-cell function) had more cardiovascular events (5-year cumulative incidence: 12.6%; aHR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.05–1.69), primarily driven by increased heart failure and cardiovascular death and increased all-cause mortality.

Conclusions

Simple phenotyping based on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function predicts distinct future risks of cardiovascular events and death in patients with type 2 diabetes. These results suggest that precision medicine according to underlying type 2 pathophysiology potentially can reduce diabetes complications.
Regulatory genes in the androgen production, uptake and conversion (APUC) pathway in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: McSweeney Sean , Bergom Hannah E , Prizment Anna , Halabi Susan , Sharifi Nima , Ryan Charles , Hwang Justin
Published: June 2022

The androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway regulates the progression of prostate cancer (PC). Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients generally receive AR-targeted therapies (ART) or androgen-deprivation therapies (ADT) with the initial response; however, resistance is inevitably observed. Prior studies have shown activity and upregulation of a family of androgen production, uptake, and conversion – APUC genes – based on genomic analyses of patient germlines. Genetic variants of some APUC genes, such as the conversion gene, HSD3B1, predict response to second-generation androgen-targeted therapies. Studies have begun to elucidate the overall role of APUC genes, each with unique actionable enzymatic activity, in mCRPC patient outcomes. The current role and knowledge of the genetic and genomic features of APUC genes in advanced prostate cancer and beyond are discussed in this review. These studies inform of how interpreting behavior of APUC genes through genomic tools will impact the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Cellular and molecular basis for the action of retinoic acid in spermatogenesis
Authors: Griswold Michael D
Published: June 2022

Spermatogenesis is a highly organized and regulated process that requires the constant production of millions of gametes over the reproductive lifetime of the mammalian male. This is possible because of an active stem cell pool and an ordered entry into the germ cell developmental sequence. The ordered entry is a result of the synthesis and action of retinoic acid allowing for the onset of spermatogonial differentiation and an irreversible commitment to spermatogenesis. The periodic appearance and actions of retinoic acid along the seminiferous tubules is a result of the interactions between germ cells and Sertoli cells that result in the generation and maintenance of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and is the subject of this review.
Long-term role of neonatal microglia and monocytes in ovarian health
Authors: Younesi Simin , Soch Alita , Sominsky Luba , Spencer Sarah J
Published: June 2022

Early life microglia are essential for brain development, and developmental disruption in microglial activity may have long-term implications for the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. We and others have previously shown that early life immune activation compromises the long-term potential for reproductive function in females. However, the supportive role of microglia in female reproductive development is still unknown. Here, we examined the long-term programming effects of transient neonatal microglial and monocyte ablation on hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis function in female rats. We employed a Cx3cr1-Dtr transgenic Wistar rat model to acutely ablate microglia and monocytes, commencing on either postnatal day (P) 7 or 14, since the development of the HPG axis in female rodents primarily occurs during the first two to three postnatal weeks. After an acutely diminished expression of microglia and monocyte genes in the brain and ovaries, respectively, microglia had repopulated the brain by P21, albeit that cellular complexity was still reduced in both groups at this time. Removal of microglia and monocytes on P7, but not P14 reduced circulating luteinising hormone levels in adulthood and ovarian gonadotropin receptors mRNA. These changes were notably associated with fewer primary and antral follicles in these rats. These data suggest that transient ablation of microglia and monocytes at the start of the second but not the third postnatal week has long-term effects on ovarian health. The findings highlight the important developmental role of a healthy immune system for female potential reproductive capacity and the importance of critical developmental periods to adult ovarian health.
The reduction of oocytes and disruption of the meiotic prophase I in Fanconi anemia E-deficient mice
Authors: Yin Huan , Suye Suye , Zhou Zhixian , Cai Haiyi , Fu Chun
Published: June 2022

In brief

Fanconi anemia results in subfertility and primary ovarian deficiency in females. This study reveals that disrupted meiosis in oocytes is one of the mechanisms involved.

Fance is an important factor participating in the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links and its defect causes severe follicle depletion in female mice. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of Fance on ovarian development in embryonic and newborn mice. We found that the number of oocytes was significantly decreased in Fance−/− mice as early as 13.5 days post coitum (dpc). The continuous decrease of oocytes in Fance−/− mice compared with the Fance+/+ mice led to the primordial follicles being almost exhausted at 2 days postpartum (dpp). The mitotic–meiotic transition occurred normally, but the meiotic progression was arrested in pachytene in Fance−/− oocytes. We detected the expressions of RAD51 (homologous recombination repair factor), 53BP1 (non-homologous end-joining repair factor), and γH2AX by immunostaining analysis and chromosome spreads. The expressions of 53BP1 were increased and RAD51 decreased significantly in Fance−/− oocytes compared with Fance+/+ oocytes. Also, the meiotic crossover indicated by MLH1 foci was significantly increased in Fance−/− oocytes. Oocyte proliferation and apoptosis were comparable between Fance−/− and Fance+/+ mice (P > 0.05). The aberrant high expression at 17.5 dpc and low expressions at 1 and 2 dpp indicated that the expression pattern of pluripotent marker OCT4 (POU5F1) was disordered in Fance−/− oocytes. These findings elucidate that Fance mutation leads to a progressive reduction of oocytes and disrupts the progression of meiotic prophase I but not the initiation. And, our study reveals that the potential mechanisms involve DNA damage repair, meiotic crossover, and pluripotency of oocytes.
Lingüista, acuérdate del vocativo. Los vocativos y su proyección funcional
Authors: González López Laura
Published: June 2022

Determinar el tipo de sintagma que proyectan las construcciones vocativas es una cuestión que ha dado lugar a división de opiniones entre los expertos, si bien en los estudios en español esta discusión ha quedado en el olvido. Las propuestas sobre el comportamiento de estas estructuras en otras lenguas se articulan, principalmente, en torno a tres hipótesis: (1) los vocativos son ssnn (Longobardi 1994, Stavrou 2014); (2) los vocativos proyectan por defecto ssnn y, en ciertos casos, ssdd (Hill 2013b), y (3) los vocativos son siempre ssdd (Moro 2003, D’hulst et al. 2007, Bernstein 2008, Slocum 2016, Espinal 2013). El objetivo de esta investigación es poderle dar respuesta a esta cuestión y, a la vez, profundizar en el estudio sintáctico de estas construcciones tan poco tenidas en cuenta hasta el momento en los estudios gramaticales. Se defenderá que los vocativos proyectan siempre ssdd sean de la naturaleza que sean, lo que implicaría una revisión de la hipótesis de Longobardi (1994, 2001) y sus seguidores, quienes asumen que los ssdd son argumentos, mientras que los predicados no pueden serlo.
Functional and Semantic Extension of the Sentence of the Modern Ukrainian Literary Language
Authors: Vorobets Oleksii
Published: June 2022

The latest linguistic research has witnessed a strengthening of the analytical consideration of syntactic semantics, the introduction of functional-semantic approach to determining the specifics of the sentence, its nucleus and potentially nucleus components in the inter-categorical section. It is obvious that the analysis of the sentence semantic organization takes into consideration the functions of individual syntaxemes, their system relations network, as well as syntactic properties of grammatical classes of words. At the same time, there arises a problem of complex analysis and interpretation of the mechanisms of semantics and functioning of a syntactic organization in general, as well as each of its units in particular. Typology of the syntactic system of the Ukrainian language, introduction of changes into the "from semantics to function", "from function to semantics", "complex, semantic and functional potential" ideas, all these contribute to the study of syntactic constructions on both the superficial and deep meaning levels. It is noteworthy that linguistic semantics relies on the idea of ​​"non-alternative picture of the world" that is a generalized picture of a one-dimensional type, which excludes the option of complementary and mutually contradictory procedures in its interpretation. 

Singling out of the extenders in the syntactic plane is connected to the extending way of thinking of the individual, which provides a defining conceptual background of scientific developments, acting as a tool for understanding reality in general and the extending basis of sentence construction in particular. It is the extended view of the surrounding reality allows interpreting the branched system of semantic components and meanings in various structural syntactic units.

Given that the sentence, its structure, responsible for the unity of both the superficial and deep meaning, is the sphere of functioning of syntactically tuned elements, and, therefore, a multifaceted unit allowing interaction of formal, semantic and syntactic features of sentence entities, it is the multifaceted nature of a sentence that provides the context for extenders study.

Functional-semantic extension of the sentence consists of a four-component hierarchy of extender models: elementary extender; extender complex; extender system; mega- extender, and that indicates the semantic potential of the studied syntactic units both from the standpoint of potentially main / main predication, and in terms of functioning in a framework of simple and complex sentences. The study of the problem is complemented by transformational intentions of the extending components, and it allows reaching to the deep meaning of the sentence through functional-semantic features.
International Security and Challenges Along “One Belt, One Road” in Central Asia
Authors: Burtsev Dmytro
Published: June 2022

The concept of international security has numerous dimensions and interpretations, because of a wide scope of threats and challenges, which have various roots and reasons and depend on the region of the development of a particular security issue. This accounts for the choice of the form: the best way to discuss international security is to use particular cases while conducting the research. This method allows us to perceive the issue as a complex notion in particular circumstances while avoiding unnecessary generalization of the researched object. Current research is devoted to the issue of security assets in Central Asian republics (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kirgizstan). Moreover, the research does not only take into consideration security threats purely as a notion but also brings in another variable to the discussion: a factor of the Chinese "One Belt, One Road" initiative. This fact allows the research to obtain geopolitical meaning and depth. For China realization of the OBOR initiative means far more than the creation of a mechanism of international logistics, investments, and cooperation. Using the OBOR China tries to promote a scale of values, which is different from the Western one. Moreover, building the OBOR grants China the role of an international superpower as well as a new pole of gravity in international relations. The research also addresses the question of the importance of Central Asia as a geopolitical bridge. The control over it has been a debatable issue among international players since the early 19th century, and it still has not lost its importance because the region has its borders close to the borders of the Russian Federation from the south and China from the west. Central Asia is also a region with numerous internal problems: on one hand, they are very similar for all the five republics of the region, but, on the other hand, they have their peculiarities differing from country to country. First of all, these concerns are related to the newly emerged unconventional security threat like religious radicalism and extremism: particular features of this phenomenon are different from country to country, and it does not have a unified solution. The last fact endangers not only national states of the region, but also countries of the neighboring region of Central Asia. In general, the research discusses the correlation of the OBOR as an international phenomenon with possible security risks for this project in the region of Central Asia.
Ethnopolitical Processes in the Hutsul and Boykos Regions in the 1920s (On the Documents of Local Authorities of Stanislaviv Voivodeship)
Authors: Zhernokleiev Oleh
Published: June 2022

The events of recent years have shown the need for regional studies. The problems of regionalism have a deep historical retrospective. The Second Polish Republic attempted to change the map of regionalism, in particular in the Ukrainian Carpathians, inhibited by the Ukrainian ethnographic groups of Hutsuls, Boykos, Lemkos. This attempt was unsuccessful and the local population didn’t support it. How did the regional Polish government see these processes? Despite the significant amount of work on the given subject, the period of the 1920s is not sufficiently researched. This article focuses on the political sources of identification, namely the activities of parties and public organizations in the Hutsul and Boykiv regions of 1924–1929 within the Stanisłav Voivodeship, it studies them through the perception of local Polish authorities. The unpublished documents of the State Archives of the Ivano-Frankivsk region make up the source base of the study. The analysed documents prove that the Ukrainian national identity of the Galician Hutsuls and Boykos in the 1920s was real and functional. It was the active position of political parties as well as cultural-educational, cooperative and other organizations, the position with a distinct Ukrainian ethno-national character that played an important role in its "formation" and manifestation. The most popular parties were the Ukrainian National Democratic Union and the Ukrainian Socialist Radical Party, both of them clearly stated their disagreement concerning the issue of the Ukrainian lands being a part of Poland and they strived for an independent Ukraine.  Pro-Polish parties were far from very popular. Compared to Hutsulshchyna, Galician Boykivshchyna was characterized by an obviously higher degree of ethnical politicization. The ethno-political processes of the 1920s in the Hutsul and Boykiv regions resulted in the establishment of the Ukrainian national self-consciousness. In practice, on the local level even Polish officials did not question the national roots of Hutsuls and Boykos and them being Ukrainian; this fact only adds to the artificial character of the following Polish policy of local "regionalisms" of the 1930s. In general, the imaginary picture of the ethnical-political process in the region, provided by the local authority documents, was objective. The question whether it influenced the political decision-making process is open and still to be studied.
University: Steps of Growth
Authors: Tsependa Ihor
Published: June 2022

The origins of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University trace back to the Pedagogical Institute established in 1941 in Stanislav, which was the regional centre at that time. During the eighty years of its existence, the educational institution developed gradually: first it functioned as the Pedagogical Institute and its long-term existence was marked by numerous significant events, then it became a classical university, and, finally, it received the title and status of a national university. In recent years, the university has undergone radical changes in all areas of its life and work. There has come to the forefront the need of focusing on the experience of European universities while preserving national and state positions. Cooperation with leading European universities has made it possible to provide students with an opportunity to obtain a diploma not only from Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, but also from one of the Polish ones. On the part of the staff the ongoing process of supporting the Ukrainian language as the state language goes hand in hand with general and persistent efforts teachers and students to master the English language.

There have taken place significant changes in the organization of the educational process, introduction of new curricula, as well as modern teaching methods. Information technologies and the Internet have become an integral part of the educational process, while a powerful information center has been established to provide technical support for the training session organization and the online access to scientific sources. New ways of teaching presupposes the activation of the factor of students’ individual work, which accounts for independent acquisition of a significant part of the necessary information.  The scientific library now has better possibilities to make scientific and educational literature essential for the training of highly qualified specialists available through the university website.

The scientific activity of teachers has risen to a new level; new scientific centers have been created, new laboratories have been equipped; there is an ongoing international project aimed at restoration of the observatory on Mount Pip Ivan in the Carpathians. There has been a significant rise in scientific output measured by the Scopus scientific metric base; in recent years the number of doctors of science has increased by a third, and new promising scientific schools have been opened.  Several multivolume fundamental scientific works have seen the world. Student self-government has also intensified, cultural life is booming, there are significant achievements in sports. In the future, the university seeks to enter the top 100 best universities in the world.
Feasibility Testing of Tubes@HOME: A Mobile Application to Support Family-Delivered Enteral Care
Authors: Werner Nicole E. , Fleischman Alyssa , Warner Gemma , Barton Hanna J. , Kelly Michelle M. , Ehlenbach Mary L. , Wagner Teresa , Finesilver Sara , Katz Barbara J. , Howell Kristina D. , Nacht Carrie L. , Scheer Nora , Coller Ryan J.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Assistance from medical devices is common for children with medical complexity (CMC) but introduces caregiving challenges. We tested the feasibility of “Tubes@HOME,” a mobile application supporting CMC family-delivered care using enteral care as a model.

METHODS

Caregivers of CMC with enteral tubes participated in a 30-day feasibility study of Tubes@HOME November 2020 through January 2021. Tubes@HOME was available on mobile devices and designed to support collaborative care and tracking over time. Key features include child profile, caregiving network management, care routines, feedback loop, and action plans. Care routines delineated nutrition, medication, and procedural tasks needed for the child: frequencies, completions, and reminders. Metadata summarized feature use among users. Feasibility was evaluated with postuse questionnaires and interviews. Measures of Tubes@HOME’s usability and usefulness included the NASA Task Load Index (TLX), System Usability Scale (SUS), and Acceptability and Use of Technology Questionnaire (AUTQ).

RESULTS

Among n = 30 children, there were 30 primary (eg, parent) and n = 22 nonprimary caregivers using Tubes@HOME. Children had a median (IQR) 10 (5.5–13) care routines created. For care routines created, 93% were marked complete at least once during the study period, with participants engaging with routines throughout study weeks 2 to 4. Results (mean [SD]) indicated low mental workload (TLX) 30.9 (12.2), good usability (SUS) 75.4 (14.7), and above-average usefulness (AUTQ) 4.0 (0.7) associated with Tubes@HOME, respectively. Interviews contextualized usefulness and suggested improvements.

CONCLUSIONS

Longitudinal use of Tubes@HOME among caregiving networks appeared feasible. Efficacy testing is needed, and outcomes could include reliability of care delivered in home and community.
Stability of Balance Performance From Childhood to Midlife
Authors: Blodgett Joanna M. , Cooper Rachel , Pinto Pereira Snehal M. , Hamer Mark
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Balance ability underlies most physical movement across life, with particular importance for older adults. No study has investigated if balance ability is established in childhood nor if associations are independent of adult factors. We investigated associations between balance performance in early (age 10) and midlife (age 46), and whether associations were independent of contributors to adult balance.

METHODS

Up to 6024 individuals from the 1970 British Cohort Study were included. At age 10, static (1-legged stand) and dynamic (backward toe-to-heel walk) balance were categorized as poor, medium, or high. Eyes open and closed 1-legged balance performance (max: 30 seconds) was assessed at age 46 with 5 categories.

RESULTS

Poor static balance at age 10 was strongly associated with worse balance ability at age 46. Relative to the highest balance group at age 46 (ie, eyes open and closed for 30 seconds), those with poor static balance had a 7.07 (4.92–10.16) greater risk of being in the poorest balance group (ie, eyes open <15 seconds). Associations were robust to adjustment for childhood illness, cognition, and socioeconomic position and adult measures of height, BMI, education, exercise, word recall, and grip strength (adjusted relative risk: 5.04 [95% confidence interval: 3.46–7.37]). Associations between dynamic balance at age 10 and balance at age 46 were weaker (adjusted relative risk) of the poorest balance group: 1.84 [1.30–2.62]).

CONCLUSIONS

Early childhood may represent an important period for maturation of postural strategies involved in balance, indicating the potential for early intervention and policy changes alongside existing interventions that currently target older adults.
BATTERWOT’S CHARACTERISTIC AND INDICES OF A ROCKET STABILIZING SYSTEM
Authors: Avdejev V.V.
Published: June 2022

The connection between radius of a semicircle for placement of the characteristic polynomial’s roots, coefficients of a law of control, static error and reduced work during the transient process for compensation of a constant disturbing acceleration is estab-lished. The results can be used during system elaboration as an alternative option for engineering solution.
МЕТОД ПОСТАНОВКИ ГРАНИЧНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ ПРИ ЧИСЛЕННОМ РЕШЕНИИ ЗАДАЧ ГАЗОДИНАМИКИ В ОБЛАСТЯХ СЛОЖНОЙ ФОРМЫ
Authors: Дубровский И. Д. , Бучарский В. Л.
Published: June 2022

The question of setting boundary conditions for a two-dimensional supersonic gas flow in accessible forms is considered. An alternative method of setting boundary conditions on the body surface is proposed. The results of the calculation of double Mach reflection of a shock wave from a flat wall and the gas flow inside of liquid-propellant rocket engine using alternative method are presented and analyzed. The conclusion about the possibility of applying the new method in further calculations is made.
ПРИСТРІЙ ДЛЯ ЕКСПРЕС-КОНТРОЛЮ ГЕРМЕТИЧНОСТІ ПАЛИВНИХ БАКІВ РІДИННИХ РАКЕТНИХ ДВИГУНІВ
Authors: Забірний О.Г. , Кудрєватих О.Т. , Куінн Н.О.
Published: June 2022

The design of a leak detector for express control of the fuel tank for liquid propellent rocket engine based on correlation speckle interferometry has been developed. Computer simulation of the sensor membrane shows that the sensitivity of the device is comparable to that of mass spectrometric leak detectors.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ПРИСТРОЇВ З ПОСТІЙНИМИ МАГНІТАМИ ДЛЯ ВІДВЕДЕННЯ ОБ’ЄКТІВ КОСМІЧНОГО СМІТТЯ З НИЗЬКИХ НАВКОЛОЗЕМНИХ ОРБІТ
Authors: Лапханов Е. О.
Published: June 2022

The analysis of effectiveness of devices with permanent magnets implementation for the space debris objects deorbiting from Law Earth Orbits has been carried out. The deorbit time of space debris objects from Law Earth Orbits with using different mathematical models of interaction of space object own magnetic fields with dynamic flux of ionospheric plasma, has been calculated. The design features of devices with permanent magnets for deorbiting of space debris objects from Law Earth Orbit has been considered.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ШАГА ШНЕКА НА ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И АНТИКАВИТАЦИОННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ШНЕКОЦЕНТРОБЕЖНЫХ НАСОСОВ
Authors: Назаренко Г. В. , Филиппенко П. П. , Стрельченко А. Ю. , Дешевых С. А.
Published: June 2022

Application of the compound inducers and variable-pitch inducers in the pumps in the LPRE instead of the continuous-pitch inducers allows increasing the pump head and efficiency. The use of the composite inducers and inducers of the variable- pitch does not influence the cavitation characteristics of the centrifugal LPRE pumps in comparison with the constant-pitch inducers.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ВРЕМЕНИ ОСАЖДЕНИЯ ТОПЛИВА В СФЕРИЧЕСКОМ БАКЕ ПЕРЕД ПОВТОРНЫМ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЕМ МАРШЕВОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ
Authors: Седых И.В. , Назаренко Д.С. , Минай А.Н. , Бабийчук Я.О.
Published: June 2022

The paper deals with the case of fuel deposition in the oxidizer tank of the space stage of the rocket using two low-thrust engines before re-starting the main engine. In addition, confirmed a computational-experimental method for determining the required time for fuel deposition, which combines experimental testing and numerical simulation of fuel deposition, which allows carrying out the necessary research with the required accuracy and significantly reducing the amount of testing and the need for material and technical equipment of the experimental base.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ ШУМА ВИНТА БПЛА В ПРОГРАММНОЙ СРЕДЕ MATHCAD
Authors: Сокол Г.И. , Омелюшко И.С. , Кириченко С. Ю. , Колесник О.А.
Published: June 2022

Over time, more and more modern technologies in various fields of human activity appear in the world, which contributes to technological progress. The aviation industry was no exception, it is experiencing technological improvement every year, which, in turn, led to a significant technical breakthrough. One of these breakthroughs was the beginning of the transition to unmanned aircraft. The aim of this work is to calculate the acoustic field of the propellers of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in order to reduce noise. Mathematical calculations were performed using the MathCad 2015 package, which allowed us to calculate the sound pressure that occurs when the screws rotate in air and show the dependence of the sound pressure change with distance from the sound source.