bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computing 𝜋(𝑁): An elementary approach in 𝑂̃(√𝑁) time
Authors: Hirsch Dean , Kessler Ido , Mendlovic Uri
Published: October 2024

We present an efficient and elementary algorithm for computing the number of primes up to

N
N

in

O
~

(

N

)

\tilde {O}(\sqrt N)

time, improving upon the existing combinatorial methods that require

O
~

(

N

2

/

3

)

\tilde {O}(N ^{2/3})

time. Our method has a similar time complexity to the analytic approach to prime counting, while avoiding complex analysis and the use of arbitrary precision complex numbers. We apply our techniques to improve the state-of-the-art complexity of elementary algorithms for computing other number-theoretic functions, such as the Mertens function (in

O
~

(

N

)

\tilde {O}(\sqrt N)

time compared to the known

O
~

(

N

3

/

5

)

\tilde {O}(N^{3/5})

), summing Euler’s totient function, counting square-free numbers and summing primes. Implementation code is provided.
Long time dynamics of electroconvection in bounded domains
Authors: Abdo Elie , Ignatova Mihaela
Published: October 2024

We discuss nonlinear nonlocal equations with fractional diffusion describing electroconvection phenomena in incompressible viscous fluids. We prove the global well-posedness, global regularity and long time dynamics of the model in bounded smooth domains with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove the existence and uniqueness of exponentially decaying in time solutions for

H
1

H^1

initial data regardless of the fractional dissipative regularity. In the presence of time independent body forces in the fluid, we prove the existence of a compact finite dimensional global attractor. In the case of periodic boundary conditions, we prove that the unique smooth solution is globally analytic in time, and belongs to a Gevrey class of functions that depends on the dissipative regularity of the model.
Teaching Music to Students with Differences and Disabilities
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Yee Roberta L
Published: October 2024

Accompanying the third edition of Teaching Music to Students with Differences and Disabilities, this Practical Resource brings together theory, policy, and planning for instruction in K–12 music classrooms. Equipping music educators with an understanding necessary to implement teaching ideas into the domains of cognition, communication, behavioral, emotional, and physical needs, this book provides classroom-tested lesson plans that include procedure outlines and assessments, as well as guides for adaptation, accommodations, and modification needed for successful implementation in K–12 classrooms. As such, this eminently useful guide provides teachers with practical ideas to allow them to begin to create and adapt their own lesson plans for use with students of differing needs and abilities.
Introduction
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Yee Roberta L
Published: October 2024

Chapter 1 describes the philosophy for the book, why it was written, and whom it is for. The chapter also discusses ways to work as a team with one’s colleagues. It also includes information about learning domains and the four principles for adaptation.
The Cognitive Domain
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Yee Roberta L
Published: October 2024

Cognition is essential for all learning. The way in which the brain processes information is unique to each person. Each person has their own set of pathways in the brain that find, make sense of, and store information. Some people process at a very fast rate. Those persons are often given a label of intellectual giftedness. Some people process at a very slow rate. There are several labels that can be applied to students who process slowly. In the end, the cognition one has is what one works with all one’s life.
The Behavioral Domain
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Yee Roberta L
Published: October 2024

If you were casually thumbing through this resource and found yourself choosing to read this chapter first, you are not alone. The behaviors of students can be frustrating and perplexing and can quickly detail a lesson plan. Behavior is also frequently cited as a reason some teachers choose to leave the profession. While many can understand the needs of a student who struggles with communication or cognition, behavioral differences are sometimes misunderstood and can lead to teachers labeling a child as a behavior issue, as a troublemaker, or as a “bad student.” In the experience of the authors, there are no bad students. There are, however, students who have been told they were “bad” many times and who believe that is who they are. We are charged with reaching every student we possibly can. Sometimes, we consider the needs of one student at a time so that the process seems less daunting. None of us can ever be satiated on specific, positive praise.
The Emotional Domain
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Yee Roberta L
Published: October 2024

The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) has some very specific language used to categorize students who are challenged by their emotions. This definition can be found in the Label-Free text itself. The most important thing to remember about this domain is that, as with the behavioral domain, it is an invisible disability. One cannot readily see the challenge and can make some of the incorrect assumptions that are often made about the behavioral domain. Emotional challenges are very real and can have a debilitating effect on students. Unfortunately, this debilitating effect can be exacerbated by teachers who do not, or will not, understand the challenges faced by their students.
The Sensory Domain
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Yee Roberta L
Published: October 2024

The human sensory systems are more complicated than is sometimes assumed. When one thinks of sensory differences, one often focuses on vision and hearing. However, those are only two senses that some students struggle with on a daily basis. Taste, touch, and smell are also affected. Two whole body systems are also to be considered: proprioceptive and vestibular. Proprioception is the concept of “body in space” and knowing where your limbs, toes, and fingers are. The vestibular system aids with balance and resetting the body as it rotates and moves. Students can struggle with any one, or more, of these seven sensory systems.
The Physical Domain
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Yee Roberta L
Published: October 2024

One may often think of the physical domain as something that may apply to a student who uses a wheelchair or needs a walker to be mobile at school. The physical domain applies to more than just arms and legs that may be temporarily or permanently in need of accommodations or modifications. It can also apply to any student who has a medical or other physical condition. Some of these differences are apparent, while others can be considered invisible. In particular, students with autoimmune disorders, cancer, or leukemia, or who have had complications from other illnesses, can be in need of accommodations or modifications either temporarily or permanently. Many of these students will have 504 Plans rather than Individual Education Programs (IEPs).
Unit Plans
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Yee Roberta L
Published: October 2024

It can be helpful to see how a set of plans with adaptations, accommodations, and modifications can look over a period of time. This chapter includes several sets of ideas from new to experienced teachers. Each teacher uses size, color, pacing, and modality in their teaching, as well as modifications when needed. The plans range from early childhood through high school students.
Mediation analysis in longitudinal study with high-dimensional methylation mediators
Authors: Cui Yidan , Lin Qingmin , Yuan Xin , Jiang Fan , Ma Shiyang , Yu Zhangsheng
Published: October 2024

Mediation analysis has been widely utilized to identify potential pathways connecting exposures and outcomes. However, there remains a lack of analytical methods for high-dimensional mediation analysis in longitudinal data. To tackle this concern, we proposed an effective and novel approach with variable selection and the indirect effect (IE) assessment based on both linear mixed-effect model and generalized estimating equation. Initially, we employ sure independence screening to reduce the dimension of candidate mediators. Subsequently, we implement the Sobel test with the Bonferroni correction for IE hypothesis testing. Through extensive simulation studies, we demonstrate the performance of our proposed procedure with a higher F$_{1}$ score (0.8056 and 0.9983 at sample sizes of 150 and 500, respectively) compared with the linear method (0.7779 and 0.9642 at the same sample sizes), along with more accurate parameter estimation and a significantly lower false discovery rate. Moreover, we apply our methodology to explore the mediation mechanisms involving over 730 000 DNA methylation sites with potential effects between the paternal body mass index (BMI) and offspring growing BMI in the Shanghai sleeping birth cohort data, leading to the identification of two previously undiscovered mediating CpG sites.
TRAITER: transformer-guided diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure using cell nuclear morphology and DNA damage marker
Authors: Hayashi Hiromu , Ko Toshiyuki , Dai Zhehao , Fujita Kanna , Nomura Seitaro , Kiyoshima Hiroki , Ishihara Shinya , Hamano Momoko , Komuro Issei , Yamanishi Yoshihiro
Published: October 2024

Motivation

Heart failure (HF), a major cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitates precise diagnostic and prognostic methods.

Results

This study presents a novel deep learning approach, Transformer-based Analysis of Images of Tissue for Effective Remedy (TRAITER), for HF diagnosis and prognosis. Using image segmentation techniques and a Vision Transformer, TRAITER predicts HF likelihood from cardiac tissue cell nuclear morphology images and the potential for left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) from dual-stained images with cell nuclei and DNA damage markers. In HF prediction using 31 158 images from 9 patients, TRAITER achieved 83.1% accuracy. For LVRR prediction with 231 840 images from 46 patients, TRAITER attained 84.2% accuracy for individual images and 92.9% for individual patients. TRAITER outperformed other neural network models in terms of receiver operating characteristics, and precision–recall curves. Our method promises to advance personalized HF medicine decision-making.

Availability and implementation

The source code and data are available at the following link: https://github.com/HamanoLaboratory/predict-of-HF-and-LVRR.
The cingulum: a central hotspot for the battle against chronic intractable pain?
Authors: Kollenburg Linda , Arnts Hisse , Green Alexander , Strauss Ido , Vissers Kris , Vinke Saman , Kurt Erkan
Published: October 2024

Chronic pain causes a major burden on patient’s lives, in part due to its profound socioeconomic impact. Despite the development of various pharmacological approaches and (minor) invasive treatments, a subset of patients remain refractory, hence why alternative targeted neurosurgical interventions like cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex should be considered in the last resort. Despite clinical evidence supporting the potential of these treatments in the management of chronic intractable pain, physicians remain reluctant on its clinical implementation. This can be partially attributed to the lack of clear overviews summarizing existent data. Hence, this article aims to evaluate the current status of cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex in the treatment of chronic intractable pain, to provide insight in whether these neurosurgical approaches and its target should be reconsidered in the current era. In the current study, a literature searches was performed using the PubMed database. Additional articles were searched manually through reviews or references cited within the articles. After exclusion, 24 and 5 articles remained included in the analysis of cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex, respectively. Results indicate that various surgical techniques have been described for cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex. Cingulotomy is shown to be effective 51–53% and 43–64% of patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic pain at ≤6 months follow-up, and 82% (9/11) and 76% (90/118) at ≥ 12months follow-up, respectively. With regard to deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex, no data on neoplastic pain was reported, however, 59% (10/17) and 57% (8/14) of patients with non-neoplastic pain were considered responders at ≤ 6 months and ≥ 12months follow-up, respectively. The most reported adverse events include change in affect (>6.9%, >29/420) and confusion (>4.8%, >20/420) for cingulotomy, and infection (12.8%, 6/47), seizures (8.5%, 4/47) and decline in semantic fluency (6.4%, 3/47) for deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex. It can be concluded that cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex are effective last resort strategies for patients with refractory non-neoplastic and neoplastic pain, especially in case of an affective emotional component. Future research should be performed on the cingulum as a neurosurgical target as it allows for further exploration of promising treatment options for chronic intractable pain.
RettDb: the Rett syndrome omics database to navigate the Rett syndrome genomic landscape
Authors: Cillari Nico , Neri Giuseppe , Pisanti Nadia , Milazzo Paolo , Borello Ugo
Published: October 2024

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder occurring almost exclusively in females and leading to a variety of impairments and disabilities from mild to severe. In >95% cases, RTT is due to mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2, but the molecular mechanisms determining RTT are unknown at present, and the complexity of the system is challenging. To facilitate and provide guidance to the unraveling of those mechanisms, we developed a database resource for the visualization and analysis of the genomic landscape in the context of wild-type or mutated Mecp2 gene in the mouse model. Our resource allows for the exploration of differential dynamics of gene expression and the prediction of new potential MECP2 target genes to decipher the RTT disorder molecular mechanisms.

Database URL: https://biomedinfo.di.unipi.it/rett-database/
Role of PCSK9 inhibitors in venous thromboembolism: current evidence and unmet clinical needs
Authors: Zuin Marco , Corsini Alberto , Dalla Valle Chiara , De Rosa Catia , Maloberti Alessandro , Mojoli Marco , Rizzo Massimiliano , Ciccirillo Francesco , Madrid Alfredo , Riccio Carmine , Grimaldi Massimo , Colivicchi Furio , Oliva Fabrizio , Temporelli Pier Luigi ,   Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri (ANMCO) Working Group on Cardiological Chronicity
Published: October 2024

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) have recently emerged as promising therapeutic agents for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Moreover, preliminary evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests that PCSK9i may also offer beneficial effects for patients following venous thromboembolism (VTE), with the most significant reductions in risk appearing over time, particularly beyond the first year of treatment. However, there is a lack of randomized controlled data supporting their efficacy and safety in conjunction with standard anticoagulation therapy. This article aims to critically evaluate the existing evidence for the use of PCSK9i as a complementary therapy for VTE risk reduction, while also identifying unmet clinical and research needs and proposing potential strategies to address these knowledge gaps.
Prediction and classification of solar photovoltaic power generation using extreme gradient boosting regression model
Authors: Rinesh S , Deepa S , Nandan R T , Sachin R S , Thamil S V , Akash R , Arun M , Prajitha C , Kumar A P Senthil
Published: October 2024

Solar energy is well-positioned for adoption due to the aggregate demand for renewable energy sources and the reduced price of solar panels. Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity has many benefits over wind power, including lower noise levels, quicker installation, and more location versatility. However, there are difficulties, including the possibility of unpredictability between accessible power supply and load demand that comes with the rapid use of intermittent renewable energy sources. Hence, this study proposes the Extreme Gradient Boosting regression-based Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Prediction (XGB-SPPGP) model to predict and classify the usage of solar power successfully with minimal error. Extreme gradient boosting regression is an effective and reliable method for solar PV power generation predictions, particularly in cases where the target-input feature relationship is complex and non-linear. Relative humidity, temperature, clear-sky index, and time of day are the most critical input features to improve the model’s accuracy. A comprehensive and reliable evaluation is provided by validating the proposed model using data from various climatic locations. The model’s performance is then further investigated by conducting a seasonal study. Solar energy has the potential to be a reliable and long-term part of the electrical power system’s growth, and these findings have significant consequences for grid management, energy planning, and governance. With generation estimation capability, an IoT-based datalogger for a stand-alone PV panel is established. The outcomes and features acquired validate the suggested methods’ superiority in forecasting electricity production. The experimental outcomes of the XGB-SPPGP model increase the power generation forecasting ratio of 99.3%, accuracy ratio of 98.7%, overall performance ratio of 97.2%, and weather prediction ratio of 95.5% and reduce mean absolute error by 8.4% compared to other popular models.
Evaluating Riyadh's smart city initiatives: insights from the IMD Smart City Index framework
Authors: Hegazy Ibrahim Rizk , Mahboob Abdullah
Published: October 2024

This research article evaluates Riyadh's smart city initiatives using the IMD Smart City Index framework, identifying key strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. The findings indicate that Riyadh excels in public safety, medical services, and digital connectivity, reflecting significant investments in these areas. However, the city faces challenges related to traffic congestion, air quality, and inclusiveness, highlighting the need for improved transportation solutions, stricter environmental regulations, and enhanced integration programs. To address these challenges, the study provides policy recommendations, including expanding digital infrastructure, improving public transportation, enhancing safety measures, promoting inclusivity, and increasing green spaces. Comparative analysis with leading smart cities, such as Singapore and Amsterdam, offers best practices that Riyadh can adopt. The study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring and evaluation to ensure the effective implementation of smart city strategies, guiding policymakers and urban planners toward sustainable and inclusive urban development.
Constructing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals for linear positive continuous time difference systems
Authors: Aleksandrov Alexander
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a linear positive functional difference system with discrete and distributed delays is studied. It is proved that if the considered system is exponentially stable, then it admits both linear and diagonal quadratic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals. In addition, new exponential stability conditions for switched linear positive functional difference systems are obtained on the basis of a constructive approach to the design of common Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals for the associated families of subsystems.
An L-Moment Approach for Portfolio Choice under Non-Expected Utility
Authors: Fallahgoul Hasan , Mancini Loriano , Stoyanov Stoyan
Published: October 2024

We develop and apply a novel semi-parametric estimation method based on L-moments. Unlike conventional moments, L-moments are linear in the data and therefore robust to outliers. The estimation method provides a series expansion that quickly converges to the underlying return distribution and can be used when conventional moments do not exist. An extensive empirical analysis of portfolio choice under non-expected utility demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach. Empirical results show that our method copes well with estimation risk, yields stable portfolio returns, and reaps the information content of moment returns beyond order four.
A Security Conundrum: Kin-State Engagement, Identity Recognition, and the 2012 Dispute between Romania and Serbia
Authors: Udrea Andreea
Published: October 2024

This article examines the relationship between national identity and foreign policy in the context of kin-state engagement in Europe. While the engagement of many European states with their ethnic kin abroad has been long defended as a form of minority protection in so far as it protects and promotes their particular identity and culture, de facto considerations of state security that define its scope have received little attention in the international relations (IR) scholarship. I show here that already in 2012 the dispute between Romania and Serbia over the identity and accommodation of the Vlach minority in Serbia is a conspicuous case in which considerations of (kin-)state security rather than minority protection have overtly justified the engagement of the kin-state. In fact, I argue that this case study calls attention to the multiplying significance of national identity for a kin-state: as a source of obligations, as well as one of (kin-)state ontological security. Yet, in this article, the contextual exploration highlights a tension between the two that originates in a lack of congruity between kin-state identity politics and home-state multiculturalism. While it appears to be unappeasable, in agreement with some constructivist IR scholarship, I contend that it could be reconciled. To this end, this article examines the scope of kin-state engagement at the intersection between justice and security and endorses the necessity to reconceptualize a state’s ontological security as a capability to adapt to a changing normative environment in Europe.
Secure in Diversity? Transborder Ethnicity, Transnational Minority Activism, and Ontological (In)Security in the European Union
Authors: Smith David J
Published: October 2024

The liberal vision of the early 1990s envisaged the eastward extension of the Western European security community formed during the Cold War, based on intergovernmental cooperation and integration around the shared norms embodied by the European Union (EU), Council of Europe, and Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). Yet, transborder ethnic ties have remained a security concern within the “New Europe.” As well as the external challenges posed by Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, growing transborder nationalism exhibited by Hungary and other states has also become a focus of tensions within the EU. These intra-EU concerns, I argue, should be understood primarily as an issue of ontological security and as part of a multilevel security dilemma implicating states, EU institutions, and national minorities as security-seeking non-state actors. The article focuses on the Federal Union of European Nationalities—a transnational umbrella NGO that in 2013–2021 led an unsuccessful European Citizens’ Initiative named “Minority SafePack” (MSPI) calling upon the European Commission to legislate on firmer guarantees of minority rights within EU member states. Applying the ontological security lens to the study of MSPI, I illustrate how it reflects specific claims voiced by transborder kin-minority activists consistently over the past century, before analyzing the counter-securitizing arguments deployed against it by states. Although MSPI was approved with a large majority within the European Parliament, the Commission ultimately rejected it. I consider why this was the case, as well as the implications of the rejection for the in varietate concordia concept that supposedly undergirds the European project.
Normative and Security Challenges of Transborder Ethnic Kinship in Africa: The Case of Ethiopia
Authors: Dessalegn Beza
Published: October 2024

This article extends the study of securitization of cross-border ethnicity beyond its conventional European focus, by analyzing ongoing security challenges surrounding ethnic Somalis in Ethiopia and their relationship to neighboring Somalia. In methodological terms, it looks beyond the irredentist prism through which this case is usually considered, applying newer conceptual and normative frameworks on cross-border ethnicity developed in a European context and assessing their applicability to Africa. Applying Brubaker's “triadic nexus' concept to the Ethiopian case, I discuss how the conclusion of the Ethiopia-Somalia war and Somalia's collapse as an external kin state did not end the securitization of cross-border Somali kinship, but merely repackaged it in new forms. In this regard, the article highlights a continued need to ensure the human security of Somalis in Ethiopia by recognizing and accommodating them as a cross-border ethnic group. From the standpoint of contemporary norms on the regulation of minority issues in interstate relations, the federalization model adopted by Ethiopia after 1991 seems to provide a promising foundation. Thus far, however, the hegemonic nature of the federal project has failed to grant Somalis an appropriate measure of internal self-determination.
Integrating Universal Hepatitis C Screening Into Adolescent Well Visits Is a “Win-Win” Scenario: Rationale and Demonstration of Real-world Feasibility and Implementation
Authors: Mangarelli Caren , Raghupatruni Preethi , Latimer Tomitra , Jhaveri Ravi
Published: October 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing is recommended for all adults 18 years and older to increase identification of those with infection and facilitate prompt referral for curative antiviral therapy. While critical to promote elimination, this strategy excludes a key demographic group who are clearly at risk of undetected HCV infection and who could benefit from early treatment: adolescents. In this paper, we review the available data on the burden of HCV and the close association with injection drug use, discuss the rationale of universal testing in adolescents and, finally, present data from a quality improvement project implementing HCV testing into routine adolescent health visits.
miRNASNP-v4: a comprehensive database for miRNA-related SNPs across 17 species
Authors: Cao Wen , He Jiaxin , Feng Jing , Wu Xiaohong , Wu Tian , Wang Dongyang , Min Congcong , Niu Xiaohui , Gao Zexia , Guo An-Yuan , Gong Jing
Published: October 2024

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target binding sites can influence miRNA biogenesis and target regulation, thereby participating in a variety of diseases and biological processes. Current miRNA-related SNP databases are often species-limited or based on outdated data. Therefore, we updated our miRNASNP database to version 4 by updating data, expanding the species from Homo sapiens to 17 species, and introducing several new features. In miRNASNP-v4, 82 580 SNPs in miRNAs and 24 836 179 SNPs in 3′UTRs of genes across 17 species were identified and their potential effects on miRNA secondary structure and target binding were characterized. In addition, compared to the last release, miRNASNP-v4 includes the following improvements: (i) gene enrichment analysis for gained or lost miRNA target genes; (ii) identification of miRNA-related SNPs associated with drug response and immune infiltration in human cancers; (iii) inclusion of experimentally supported immune-related miRNAs and (iv) online prediction tools for 17 animal species. With the extensive data and user-friendly web interface, miRNASNP-v4 will serve as an invaluable resource for functional studies of SNPs and miRNAs in multiple species. The database is freely accessible at http://gong_lab.hzau.edu.cn/miRNASNP/.
The breakthrough of oxide pathway mechanism in stability and scaling relationship for water oxidation
Authors: Yin Zhao-Hua , Liu Hong , Hu Jin-Song , Wang Jian-Jun
Published: October 2024

An in-depth understanding of electrocatalytic mechanisms is essential for advancing electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The emerging oxide pathway mechanism (OPM) streamlines direct O–O radical coupling, circumventing the formation of oxygen vacancy defects featured in the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) and bypassing additional reaction intermediates (*OOH) inherent to the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM). With only *O and *OH as intermediates, OPM-driven electrocatalysts stand out for their ability to disrupt traditional scaling relationships while ensuring stability. This review compiles the latest significant advances in OPM-based electrocatalysis, detailing design principles, synthetic methods, and sophisticated techniques to identify active sites and pathways. We conclude with prospective challenges and opportunities for OPM-driven electrocatalysts, aiming to advance the field into a new era by overcoming traditional constraints.
Altered reactive oxygen species scavenging and hormonal signaling in tetraploid rice are associated with blast resistance
Authors: Wang Ningning , Wang Chenxi , Liu Keyan , Leng Zitian , Wang Yingkai , Meng Weilong , Li Dayong , Zhang Chunying , Ma Jian
Published: October 2024

Autotetraploid rice shows distinct morphological, physiological, hormonal, and gene expression changes that enhance its resistance to rice blast.
Rethinking economic socialization: the intersection of culture, gender and economic life in a religious enclave
Authors: Hayes Adam S , Miletzky Yehudit
Published: October 2024

This article explores how economic socialization serves as a bridge between individual economic behaviors and the broader social and cultural contexts that shape them. Drawing on a post-functionalist approach to socialization, the study examines the ultra-Orthodox Jewish (Haredi) community in Israel, where distinct gender roles, cultural norms and patterns of economic participation create a unique context for investigating divergent economic socialization pathways. Comparing four groups within the Haredi community—average/below-average and high-income women, men with work experience, and men who study at religious seminaries (Yeshiva/Kollel)—analysis of an original survey study reveals how differential exposure to economic life leads to significant variations in financial risk-taking, loss-aversion, financial literacy and competitiveness. The findings problematize explanations attributing economic gender gaps to innate differences, instead highlighting the profound impact of the cultural framing of gender roles vis-à-vis economic integration. By foregrounding economic socialization as a sociological phenomenon, the study contributes to discourses on culture’s role in economic behavior and opens new avenues for examining how individuals acquire economic dispositions through socialization pathways shaped by structural constraints and power relations.
Biocontrol Efficacy of Pseudomonas Consortia Against Botrytis Blight in Petunias
Authors: Naik Sachin , Chapin Laura J. , South Kaylee A. , Jones Michelle Lyn
Published: October 2024

Botrytis cinerea, a fungal pathogen causing Botrytis blight, significantly impacts greenhouse crop management due to its broad host range and infection capabilities at various growth stages. Traditional control methods, primarily reliant on fungicides, are challenged by environmental concerns and the rise of fungicide-resistant strains. This study investigates the use of beneficial Pseudomonas bacteria as a sustainable alternative. We hypothesized that specific Pseudomonas consortia could provide more effective biocontrol of B. cinerea than individual strains. Our research investigated five Pseudomonas strains (14B11, AP54, 15H3, 94G2, and 89F1) known to reduce Botrytis blight in Petunia × hybrida. Compatibility for bacterial consortia was assessed through biofilm formation and direct bacterial inhibition assays. The biocontrol effects of the bacteria against B. cinerea were investigated in vitro using shared-air space dual culture assays and in planta by inoculating detached petunia flowers. We found strain 14B11 exhibited the highest biofilm formation, with consortia of 14B11 and 89F1 showing significant enhancement compared to individual cultures, while a slight, non-significant increase was observed in 14B11 and AP54 consortia. However, strain 14B11 efficacy was inhibited by strain 15H3. Genomic analyses identified antifungal compound-related gene clusters in 14B11 and AP54, contributing to their biocontrol potential. Trials with detached flowers of Petunia × hybrida ‘Carpet Red Bright’ confirmed significant disease severity reduction with 14B11, AP54, and their consortia. This research highlights strategic Pseudomonas consortia as promising, eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fungicides, promoting sustainable agriculture by enhancing our understanding of how microbial interactions can be used to manage Botrytis blight.
Novel gene therapies for sickle cell disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia A
Authors: Solano Laura
Published: October 2024

This article discusses novel genetic therapies for sickle cell disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia A. Gene therapies have the potential to deliver more targeted and effective approaches to treatment, especially for rare diseases for which the availability of approved therapies is limited. This article describes the first FDA-approved CRISPR/Cas9 treatment and the treatment protocols, indications, warnings, precautions, cost, and contraindications of four novel genetic therapies.
T-cell Clonality in Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma in Male Veterans: A Report of 2 Cases and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Oh Kei Shing , Mahalingam Meera
Published: October 2024

The standard treatment of choice for pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), a relatively uncommon soft tissue sarcoma and 1 morphologically similar to atypical fibroxanthoma, is wide local excision with close clinical follow-up. Studies regarding management of advanced/metastatic PDS with immune checkpoint inhibitors are limited as most STSs have historically been viewed as being immunologically inert. Contradicting this belief, in this report, we describe 2 cases of PDS with a robust host response. Histopathology of both cases revealed a dermal neoplasm comprising mitotically active, pleomorphic, spindled-to-ovoid cells, which were immunohistochemically negative for keratinocytic, melanocytic, and smooth muscle markers. An unusual feature in both cases was the presence of a brisk host response. Additional workup of the infiltrating lymphocyte population revealed an abnormal CD4:CD8 ratio in both cases, with the proportion of CD8+ lymphocytes surpassing (case 1) and equaling (case 2) that of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte population. The increased proportion of CD8+ lymphocytes prompted the additional workup of TCR gene rearrangement, which revealed a clonal population of T lymphocytes in both cases. The robust and clonal T-lymphocyte host response in both of our cases suggests that PDS appears to fit the classic model of an inflammatory-type tumor and may be a candidate for checkpoint inhibition. Future work includes additional reports of cases of PDS with an infiltrating clonal T-lymphocyte population and detailing the function and specificity of the infiltrating T lymphocytes to ascertain whether they have the potential to recognize and lyse the tumors they colonize.
Vulvar Skin Metastasis From Cervical Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Deng Zhongyun , Li Wenjie , Tang Xiaomin , Zhao Bei , Li Juan , Rang Zhen , Yang Ge , Liu Wei , Cui Fan
Published: October 2024

Cervical cancer stands as one of the most common gynecologic malignancies in developing countries; however, cutaneous metastasis from cervical cancer is a rare occurrence. In this study, we present a case involving a 44-year-old woman diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIA gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma. Two years later, after undergoing radical hysterectomy and chemoradiation therapy, she exhibited cutaneous metastasis in the vulvar region.
LMNA::NTRK1 and PRDX1::NTRK1 Atypical Spitz Tumor: A Report of Two Additional Cases With Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Insights
Authors: Cazzato Gerardo , Colagrande Anna , Resta Leonardo , Trilli Irma , Lupo Carmelo , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Caporusso Concetta , Giovannoni Isabella , Barresi Sabina
Published: October 2024

Over the past decade, advancements in molecular biology have contributed to changes in the diagnostic classification of Spitz neoplasms, including Spitz nevi, atypical Spitz tumors, and Spitz melanomas. The recent World Health Organization classification of skin tumors identifies fusion kinases, including NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3, as critical drivers of these lesions. New fusion genes have continued to expand the spectrum of known molecular alterations, particularly within the category of Spitz NTRK-rearranged lesions. We present 2 new cases of NTRK-rearranged Spitz lesions: an atypical Spitz tumor with common LMNA::NTRK1 fusion and an atypical Spitz tumor with a rare PRDX1::NTRK1 fusion. Clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses were performed to diagnose these patients. This report adds to the growing body of knowledge on NTRK-rearranged Spitz lesions and underscores the importance of integrating molecular findings with morphological and immunohistochemical data for the accurate classification and understanding of these neoplasms.
Comparison of intraocular lens power formulas for negative diopter intraocular lens implantation for high myopia
Authors: Whang Woong-Joo , Koh Kyungmin , Hoffer Kenneth J. , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Lupardi Enrico , Taroni Leonardo , Tchah Hungwon , Savini Giacomo
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas for myopic eyes requiring negative diopter-powered IOLs.

Design:

Retrospective case series.

Setting:

Kim's Eye Hospital, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Seoul, South Korea and Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.

Methods:

61 eyes that underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of a negative power IOL were investigated. The trueness, precision, and accuracy of IOL power calculation were assessed for the Barrett Universal II (BUII), EVO 2.0, Haigis, Hoffer QST, Holladay 1, and SRK/T formulas using the Eyetemis online tool. The analysis was performed using (1) the ULIB IOL constants and (2) after constant optimization.

Results:

With ULIB constants, the Haigis, Holladay 1, and SRK/T resulted in a hyperopic mean prediction error (PE) >1.00 diopter (D), which was significantly different from zero (adjusted P < .05). The mean PE of the remaining formulas was closer to zero. The absolute PE was significantly higher with the Holladay 1 and SRK/T (adjusted P < .05) with respect to the remaining formulas. After constant optimization, the outcomes of traditional formulas improved and no statistically significant differences were found among any of the formulas in trueness, precision, and accuracy. The percentage of eyes with an absolute PE within 0.50 D was low (<50%) even after constant optimization.

Conclusions:

With ULIB constants, the BUII, EVO 2.0, and Hoffer QST were more accurate than traditional formulas in eyes with negative diopter IOLs. The results of IOL power calculation in these eyes remain poor even after constant optimization.
Whole blood viscosity and its association with the presence and severity of hearing loss and other microangiopathies in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mendonca Jane , Boloor Archith , Manoj Matthew A. , Singh Tanya , Correa Tulio L.
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims:

Although studies correlating idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) to whole blood viscosity (WBV) have been conducted, no such study has been done in diabetic patients in whom WBV is said to be altered. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential association between calculated WBV and the presence and severity of SNHL and other microangiopathies in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Kasturba Medical College (KMC) group of hospitals among individuals who were older than 18 years and had T2DM. The included patients underwent pure-tone audiometry, ophthalmoscopy, monofilament test, and routine blood investigations for diabetes. WBV was derived using hematocrit and total protein with a validated formula.

Results:

Of the total 60 participants, 73.3% had SNHL, which was predominantly bilateral and moderate. There was a statistically significant association between glycemic control and the degree of SNHL. The associations between SNHL and HbA1C levels and random plasma glucose were both statistically significant (P = .001). The statistical association between WBV and the degree of SNHL was not significant (P = .056). Although higher mean blood viscosity was noted in individuals with diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy than those without, the associations between blood viscosity and the presence of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy were not statistically significant (P = .238, P = .621, and P = .656; respectively). Finally, the associations between WBV and glycemic control were also not significant (P = .652 for random plasma glucose and P = .928 for HbA1C).

Conclusion:

This study concludes that SNHL is highly prevalent in diabetes, and poor glycemic control is associated with its worsening. Elevations in WBV, if present, are not affected by poor glycemic control and do not appear to significantly contribute to the development of complications of the microvasculature in T2DM.
A New Model to Advance a Collaborative Clinical Education Placement Process: A Consortium Core Network
Authors: Bayliss Jamie , Berg-Carramusa Cara A. , Both Amy , Knettle Mari , Reynolds Emily
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose.

The 2014 Clinical Education (CE) Summit and subsequent scholarly work prompted development of collaborative, mutually beneficial, innovative processes to mitigate CE challenges and inefficiencies. Contemporary practice advocates for collaboration among physical therapist (PT) academic programs (Programs) and clinical partners (Partners) to create a sustainable placement process with mutual benefits for stakeholders. The purpose of this article is to describe the design and implementation of the Ohio Kentucky Consortium of Physical Therapy Educators (Consortium) Consortium Core Network's (CCN) centralized PT CE Placement Process (PT-CEPP) model and share participants' experience perspectives.

Methods/Model Description and Evaluation.

The Consortium established the CCN and a Steering Committee, representing stakeholders, and designed a novel 5-phase centralized PT-CEPP model, in Exxat, an educational management platform. The phases included Request, Offer, Placement, Reallocation, and Confirmation and Release. A postimplementation Qualtrics survey was disseminated to obtain participant perspectives. Open-text survey responses were compiled, reviewed, thematically analyzed, and presented in this article (part 1). The resulting quantitative CCN PT-CEPP analyses were deferred to a companion article (part 2).

Outcomes.

The CCN participation included invited Partners (n = 101/364; 28%) and Programs (n = 14/14; 100%). During initial PT-CEPP implementation, 1,005 offers resulted in 549 CE placements. Participant perspectives from 20 of 101 SCCEs (20%) and eight of 14 DCEs (57%) were dichotomized into “Benefits and What Worked Well” and “Challenges and What Did Not Work Well.” Perspectives were unique to participant roles, with partners valuing “centralization” and Programs “process.”

Discussion and Conclusions.

Lessons gleaned from the PT-CEPP paradigm shift to a CCN-centralized model may optimize processes and improve sustainability with future iterations.
Icodec ONWARDS: A review of the first once-weekly diabetes treatment for nurse practitioners and physician assistants
Authors: Kruger Davida , Magwire Melissa , Urquhart Scott
Published: October 2024

Background:

Diabetes management is challenged by the complexity of treatment regimens and the need for frequent injections, affecting patient adherence and quality of life. Insulin icodec, a once-weekly basal insulin analog, represents a significant innovation, potentially simplifying diabetes care and improving outcomes.

Objectives:

This review aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and clinical implications of insulin icodec for individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, highlighting its potential to affect current treatment paradigms.

Data Sources:

A review was conducted comparing once-weekly insulin icodec with daily basal insulin analogs using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to ensure transparent reporting of systematic reviews. A search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov, focusing on efficacy and safety outcomes.

Conclusions:

Insulin icodec has demonstrated effective glycemic management and a safety profile comparable to daily basal insulins. Its extended half-life and steady-state glucose-lowering effect have the potential to reduce the burden of daily injections and improve patient adherence.

Implications for Practice:

The introduction of once-weekly insulin icodec represents an advancement in diabetes care. For front-line clinicians, this innovation aligns with the need for more straightforward medication regimens. Coupled with continuous glucose monitoring systems, it enables a more personalized and efficient approach to diabetes management, with the potential to improve patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. This underscores the impact of integrating such advancements into practice, highlighting the role of nurse practitioners and physician assistants in adopting these innovations to optimize patient care.
Bedside to bench and back again-translational research in interventional pulmonology
Authors: Iqbal Beenish , Choi Hee Jae , Kanellakis Nikolaos I. , Akulian Jason , Rahman Najib M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review

Translational research in Interventional Pulmonology has made significant advances in recent years, ranging from novel biomarkers and imaging to practice-changing clinical trials in lung cancer and pleural disease. This review article aims to summarize key research studies in the field to understand the latest published evidence and to highlight areas of growing academic interest.

Recent findings

In lung cancer, the role of novel imaging and biomarkers and their potential utility in early lung cancer diagnosis will be highlighted. In pleural disease, less invasive/conservative treatment in pneumothorax, early aggressive treatment in pleural infection along with novel biomarkers, and the shift beyond drainage strategies in malignant pleural effusion and mesothelioma will be discussed.

This overview of translational research in the field of interventional pulmonology will ultimately help to highlight the gaps in current evidence to promote research in areas of clinical significance.