bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH BERBASIS GOOGLE FORMULIR DI SMA N 1 PRAMBANAN
Authors: Purwati Dwi , Nugroho Alifi Nur Prasetia
Published: January 2019

The research aimed to find out: (1) to produce history evaluation media based on google form; (2) know the level the effectiveness of google form as a evaluation teaching history in SMA N 1 Prambanan. This research use research and development method which adapted with the design development ADDIE; (1) analysis model; (2) design model; (3) development; (4) implementation; and (5) evaluation. The study population was high school in SMA N 1 Prambanan. The instruments that used to collect the data were observation sheets, interview and test achievement. The research result showed that History media evaluation based on Google Form in History with feasibility level according to the assessment by material experts was obtained by 79,8% which was category of feasible, assessment by media experts was obtained by 78,5% which was category of feasible, and assessment by learning experts was obtained by 86,3% which was category of very feasible. The limited trial result obtained percentage by 86,3% which was category of very feasible. The result of extensive trial obtained percentage by 83,6% which was category of very feasible. Keyword: Google form, media evaluation, history
SAKRALISASI PEMBUKAAN UUD 1945
Authors: Pambudi Wahyu
Published: January 2019

Pembukaan Undang-undang Dasar 1945 telah lama di anggap sebagai staatsidee, dan oleh karenanya tidak boleh dirubah, merubahnya berarti merubah dasar negara. Namun kejanggalan-kejanggalan yang terdapat dalam Pembukaan Undang-undang Dasar itu menimbulkan beberapa pertanyaan dalam artikel ini, antara lain: (1) Bagaimanakah Staatsidee Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia? (2) Bagaimanakah kejanggalan-kejanggalan Pembukaan UUD Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia? (3) Bagaimanakah kemungkinan amandemen terhadap Pembukaan UUD Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia? Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah studi literatur, yaitu mencari sumber-sumber dari buku-buku yang relevan dengan topik yang dibahas. Selain itu, digunakan juga sumber internet sebagai referensi penunjang yang melengkapi sumber-sumber kepustakaan. Kesimpulan yang didapat antara lain: Pertama, Staatsidee Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia tidak terdapat dalam Proklamasi, melainkan dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945. Namun demikian itu tidak serta merta menjadi alasan bahwa Pembukaan itu sakral karena mengandung staatsidee, karena perubahan atau amandemen terhadapnya telah dijamin dalam Undang-Undan Dasar. Kedua, Kejanggalan-kejanggalan Pembukaan UUD Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia antara lain terdapat ambigu tentang pernyataan kemerdekaan antara pada Proklamasi atau Pembukaan UUD 1945. Kejanggalan yang lain adalah inkonsistensi penggunaan kata Allah dan Tuhan. Kejanggalan selanjutnya adalah panggantian terhadap naskah pembukaan UUD sehingga berarti pula penggantian terhadap staatsidee yaitu Pancasila. Ketiga, Amandemen terhadap Pembukaan UUD Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia adalah kemungkinan yang rasional dan berlandaskan hukum. Sebaliknya pengsakralan terhadapnya adalah sebuah mitos yang tidak berdasar hukum. Kejanggalan pembukaan UUD 1945 dan kemungkinan tuntutan zaman yang berbeda seharusnya memungkinkan untuk tetap memberikan peluang terhadap Amandemen UUD, termasuk didalamnya adalah Pembukaan. Kata kunci: Staatsidee, Amandemen UUD
THE REINFORCEMENT OF THE CHARACTER VALUES IN THE HISTORY SUBJECT AT SMA NEGERI 1 KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hardhi Titan Rohkmutiana , Sudrajat Ajat
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis research aimed to identify and describe the way reinforce of the character values were being taught in the history subject at SMA Negeri 1 Kota Yogyakarta. This research was a naturalistic qualitative research. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data trustworthinnes was enhanced by source triangulation. The techniques used to analyse the data were the Miles and Hubberman model which consisted of data reduction, data display, and data verification. The result of the research showed that were three methods were used in the reinforcement of the character values i.e. leading by examples, habituation, and mechanism of the appreciation and sanctions. (a) Leading by examples were earned on teachers and advice of history itself;  (b) habituation was done by conditioning the students while doing tasks and  discussions; and (c) the mechanism of appreciation and sanction is contained in the learning contract, aiming for students to be motivated and maximize reinforcement. Meanwhile reinforcement that done in learning should be positive reinforcement. Keyword: history subject, character values, reinforcement of the character values.
DEVELOPING ANDROID-BASED HISTORYTOON MEDIA FOR HISTORY LEARNING
Authors: Rahandinasari Septia
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn the present era, advances in technology and communication are growing rapidly, especially in the field of education, it is necessary to develop learning media based on information and communication technology. The development of instructional media must be in accordance with the purpose of learning, but it is also the learning media that can make the students are educated to be independent in accordance with the teacher's direction. This study aims to develop historical learning media as an online comic reading service. Currently researchers are using Historytoon to create a formative involving high school students in Yogyakarta. Based on the testing of the learning media, it can produce a decent historical learning media and can improve the understanding of the material of the National Movement of Indonesia class XI SMA. Keywords: Historytoon media, Android, History Learning
THE HISTORY OF THOUGHT: PHILOSOPHY IN THE VIEW OF MUSLIM PHILOSOPHERS OF THE MIDDLE AGES
Authors: Pratama Febta
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACK           This research tries to see how the development of Muslim scholarship and travel, especially in the field of philosophy. Describes how the philosophers studied then develop and spread the knowledge gained. The method used is the method of history that consists of four phases i.e. heuristics, critique, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that there was already a Muslim scholarly tradition since the time of the prophetic. The entry of Muslim civilization to the philosophy starts when the emergence of scientific groups such as the Al Khawarijh, Muta'zillah, and Ahl Sunnah Wal Jammaah. The tradition of science especially philosophy started by a civilization of Islam since the fall of Byzantium and rebuilding of Bait Al Hikmah as a place to translate books from Greece. Then the Muslim tradition of scientific philosophy continued by Muslim figures and also philosophers such as Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, Al Farabi. It is these philosophers who developed a philosophy of science especially become  the reference of Western philosophers in afterwards.Keyword. Philosophy, Philosophers, Muslim
Weight Loss Following Use of a Smartphone Food Photo Feature: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ben Neriah Daniela , Geliebter Allan
Published: January 2019

Background

Tracking of dietary intake is key to enhancing weight loss. Mobile apps may be useful for tracking food intake and can provide feedback about calories and nutritional value. Recent technological developments have enabled image recognition to identify foods and track food intake.

Objective

We aimed to determine the effectiveness of using photography as a feature of a smartphone weight loss app to track food intake in adults who were overweight or obese.

Methods

We analyzed data from individuals (age, 18-65 years; body mass index≥25 kg/m2; ≥4 days of logged food intake; and ≥2 weigh-ins) who used a mobile-based weight loss app. In a retrospective study, we compared those who used the photo feature (n=9871) and those who did not use the feature (n=113,916). Linear regression analyses were used to assess use of the photo feature in relation to percent weight loss.

Results

Weight loss was greater in the group using the photo feature (Δ=0.14%; 95% CI 0.06-0.22; P<.001). The photo feature group used the weight loss app for a longer duration (+3.5 days; 95% CI 2.61-4.37; P<.001) and logged their food intake on more days (+6.1 days; 95% CI 5.40-6.77; P<.001) than the nonusers. Mediation analysis showed that the weight loss effect was absent when controlling for either duration or number of logged days in the program.

Conclusions

This study was the first to examine the effect of a food photo feature to track food intake on weight loss in a free-living setting. Use of photo recognition was associated with greater weight loss, which was mediated by the duration of app use and number of logged days in the program.
Understanding Social Media Use and Engagement Among Dermatology Patients to Inform Dermatological Prevention and Care in Vietnam: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Nguyen Sau Huu , Vu Giang Thu , Nguyen Long Hoang , Nguyen Cuong Tat , Le Thu Hoai Thi , Tran Tung Hoang , Tran Bach Xuan , Latkin Carl A , Tam Wilson W S , Ho Cyrus S H , Ho Roger C M
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Social media has emerged as a common source of dermatological information. Monitoring the patterns of social media use and engagement is important to counteract the limitations of social media. However, evidence in Vietnamese dermatology patients is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore social media use and engagement by dermatology patients and to identify factors associated with social media use and engagement.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 519 participants at the Vietnam National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology during September to November 2018. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, social media use, and social media engagement were collected. Multivariate logistic and tobit regression models were used to identify factors associated with social media use and engagement.

RESULTS

Interest in information about “cosmetic, beauty, and skincare techniques” was the greatest (184/519, 46.2%). The mean engagement score was 8.4 points (SD 2.4 points). Female patients were more likely to use social media (odds ratio [OR] 2.23, 95% CI 1.23-4.06) and be interested dermatological information on social media (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.35-7.09). Women also had higher social media engagement scores (coefficient=0.68, 95% CI 0.17-1.18). Higher social media engagement scores were related with Instagram use (coefficient=0.58, 95% CI 0.00-1.15) and higher credibility scores for “family members” (coefficient=0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.26) and “dermatology companies” (coefficient=0.22, 95% CI 0.04-0.39).

CONCLUSIONS

This study discovered high social media usage among dermatology patients. However, only moderate utilization and credibility levels were reported regarding the use of social media as a source of dermatological information. More efforts should focus on involving dermatologists in the development of individualized information on social media targeting specific groups of dermatology patients.
Dynamics of Management of Cross Border University Education in East Africa
Authors: Maxel Okoche John Michael
Published: January 2019

The success of any organization is intricately tied to its ability to positively respond to environmental dynamics. Universities are no exception to environmental changes; due to global politics, economic and technological changes, fragmentation of consumer and business markets due to changing tastes and craving by consumers for specialized services. This has increased the velocity of change, critical issue of time, and shaping of the organization as universities need to compete and yet innovate simultaneously. Worldwide various universities have responded to the changing trends by the organization of education across borders but the East African Universities have not fully embraced organizing of education across borders. Whereas the integration of East Africa was viewed as a catalyst but this has not been the case. Universities in E. Africa needs to quickly adapt to environmental changes, match global trends, become competitive and enhance effectiveness. This paper historical trend of cross border education in East Africa, arguments for and against cross border education, strategies for organizing cross border education, approaches for organizing cross border education and recommendations for the most effective means of organizing across borders. The proposed recommendations are mindful of the current and future environmental dynamics in the provision of education in East Africa.
Multi-gene assays: effect on chemotherapy use, toxicity and cost in estrogen receptor-positive early stage breast cancer
Authors: Hochheiser Lou , Hornberger John , Turner Michelle , Lyman Gary H
Published: January 2019

Aim:
To assess multi-gene assay (MGA) effects on chemotherapy use, toxicities, recurrences, and costs in estrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer.
Methods:
Meta-analysis performed using data from public databases. 
Results:
Studies included 12,202 women. Relative to no testing, chemotherapy use was higher with 12-gene and 70-gene and lower with PAM50 (commercial) and 21-gene MGAs. Overall, 1643 distant recurrences occurred with no testing, declining by 231 (21-gene), 121 (70-gene), 54 (12-gene) and 94 (PAM50); only the 21-gene assay resulted in no risk of increasing the number of distant recurrences. Relative to ‘no testing’, total cost of care declined only with 21-gene MGA.
Conclusion:
MGAs differ in chemotherapy use and related outcomes for women with estrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer.
Calidad de los problemas de ABP. Evidencia de validez de un instrumento
Authors: García Rivera Rocío Carolina , Martínez González Adrián
Published: January 2019

Introducción: En el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) la calidad de estos es crucial para la adquisición e integración de conocimientos. Sin embargo, existen pocos instrumentos con evidencias de validez para medirla.

Objetivo: Desarrollar un instrumento para evaluar la calidad de los problemas de ABP, obteniendo las fuentes de evidencia de validez del uso del mismo.

Método: El instrumento fue desarrollado sobre la base de la revisión de la literatura. Se obtuvieron evidencias de validez de acuerdo con los Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, específicamente fuentes de evidencia de validez de contenido, proceso de respuesta, estructura interna y consecuencias de la prueba. El instrumento se sometió a evaluación por jueces y se calculó el nivel de acuerdo con la prueba Kappa de Fleiss. Para conocer las características psicométricas del instrumento, se realizó análisis de discriminación de los reactivos empleado la prueba t de Student; para identificar la estructura interna de la prueba se empleó un análisis factorial exploratorio y se calculó el alfa de Cronbach como estadístico de consistencia interna.

Resultados: El índice Kappa obtenido para los 24 reactivos fue de 0.45 hasta 1. La t de Student obtuvo valores de significación bilateral de 0.000. El análisis de factorial exploratorio con rotación Varimax extrajo 6 factores que aportan una varianza explicada de 83.08%. La versión final del instrumento quedó constituida por 20 reactivos con alfa de Cronbach total de la escala de 0.97.

Conclusión: Este instrumento cuenta con suficientes evidencias de validez para ser aplicado para evaluar la calidad de los problemas de ABP. Además, los 6 factores descritos amplían el alcance de la medición de los instrumentos existentes. Y permite detectar las fortalezas, debilidades y aportar sugerencias desde la perspectiva de los alumnos y profesores.
La rúbrica en la evaluación de presentaciones de casos clínicos: valoraciones de estudiantes de odontología
Authors: Urias Barreras Cynthia Marina , Rodríguez Carlota Leticia , Zárate Depraect Nikell Esmeralda
Published: January 2019

Introducción: Evaluar el desempeño en un modelo educativo basado en competencias requiere la clarificación de los criterios de evaluación, como orientación a la mejora del proceso formativo. En este sentido, en el estado del arte se identifica a la rúbrica como un instrumento de evaluación que permite un proceso más objetivo y transparente, facilita la evaluación de competencias y, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes, mejora su desempeño.

Objetivo: Analizar el impacto en las valoraciones que los estudiantes dan al uso de una rúbrica para evaluar presentaciones de casos clínicos.

Método: Se realizó un estudio de enfoque mixto a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas y abiertas, dirigido a estudiantes del segundo semestre de odontología, con comparaciones por turno y género.

Resultados: Los estudiantes valoraron positivamente el uso de la rúbrica en su aprendizaje (en su mayoría del turno matutino [62.5%] y del género femenino [62%]); en su evaluación (principalmente del turno matutino [63.8%] y sin diferencia significativa entre el género femenino [56.3%] y masculino [55.3%]); y en la realización de la tarea (mayormente del turno matutino [63.8%] y del género femenino [62%]). Asimismo, la mayoría de los estudiantes de ambos turnos destacó como benéfico que la rúbrica otorgó transparencia en la evaluación, ya que permitió que fuera más objetiva y ayudó a comprender las cualidades que el trabajo debía poseer.

Conclusiones: La evaluación a través de la rúbrica clarifica los criterios de evaluación, y según la opinión de los estudiantes, orienta la calidad en su desempeño. Dado que la formación profesional del odontólogo exige en gran medida la demostración de habilidades prácticas, es importante el uso de la rúbrica en la evaluación ya que promueve el perfeccionamiento de la ejecución y fomenta la autoevaluación y autorregulación.
La nueva Licenciatura en Neurociencias de la UNAM: lecciones aprendidas
Authors: García David , Álvarez Eva , González Elvira , Guzmán Daniel
Published: January 2019

La Licenciatura en Neurociencias se aprobó en 2016 en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, después de ocho años de crecimiento y maduración de programas académicos y administrativos. Esta carrera brinda a los estudiantes una formación académica integral en las disciplinas del cerebro con un enfoque innovador, multientidad y multisede. De esta forma, la Licenciatura en Neurociencias ha creado una nueva visión para aprender e investigar el cerebro a múltiples niveles, desde el molecular hasta el cognitivo, con una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, con dos caminos amplios: la formación hacia proyectos de investigación científica en preparación para los posgrados y el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias que se aplican a sus áreas terminales, incluyendo salud, desarrollo tecnológico para la salud, programas de neurohabilitación y rehabilitación neurológica, neurociencia conductual y cognitiva, realidad virtual, educación y difusión de las neurociencias. Para alcanzar esta meta, el programa ha sorteado diversos retos que han resultado en una variedad de experiencias valiosas tanto académicas como administrativas. Ejemplo de éstas en sus inicios, las preocupaciones principales emergieron del comportamiento adaptativo y emocional de los estudiantes a un nuevo ambiente y a un programa alta exigencia académica. Sin embargo, con agrado hemos aprendido que una planta académica sólida puede combinarse con el compromiso y el entusiasmo a fin de asegurar la formación del futuro neurocientífico. En la actualidad la Licenciatura en Neurociencias se alimenta de la evaluación continua de los instrumentos que son cruciales en todo proceso educativo.
Los docentes de ciencias de la salud: ¿necesitamos reconocimiento?
Authors: Mendiola Melchor Sánchez
Published: January 2019

Resumen: La revista Investigación en Educación Médica cumple un año más de vida. Esta publicación nació como idea en el año 2008, como proyecto formal en el 2010, y finalmente apareció como publicación en el 2012, después de un largo proceso de planeación, diseño, aprobación, autorización legal, reclutamiento de cuerpo editorial, autores y árbitros, con el decidido compromiso académico, económico y político de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ha sido una travesía fascinante, llena de satisfacciones y retos, que en balance ha contribuido a la visibilidad y diseminación de resultados de trabajos de cientos de docentes de ciencias de la salud de varias universidades mexicanas y extranjeras.
Influencia de la planeación estratégica y habilidades gerenciales como factores internos de la competitividad empresarial de las Pymes
Authors: Leyva Carreras Alma Brenda , Cavazos Arroyo Judith , Espejel Blanco Joel Enrique
Published: January 2019

Las organizaciones del siglo XXI afrontan un entorno dinámico y complejo caracterizado por la in­certidumbre, por lo que deben estar preparadas para dar respuestas a los cambios para el logro de sus objetivos organizacionales que les ayude a lograr competitividad empresarial; en este contexto también se encuentran las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (Pymes), que por sus características estructurales sue­len encontrarse en desventaja respecto de la gran empresa que tiene a su disposición mayores recursos y capacidades. El objetivo de la investigación fue medir la influencia de la Planeación Estratégica y las Habilidades Gerenciales como factores internos en la Competitividad Empresarial que perciben los em­presarios de las Pymes de Hermosillo, Sonora. Se realizó una investigación mixta, donde la primera fase consistió en un análisis basado en un panel de expertos (método Delphi), con el propósito de validar el instrumento de medida (validez aparente) a través de las opiniones de los expertos y, la segunda fase fue un análisis estadístico con técnica de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales PLS. Los resultados muestran que la planeación estratégica y las habilidades gerenciales como factores internos de las Pymes influyen en la competitividad empresarial.
Estabilidad presupuestaria, financiamiento y responsabilidad social en los municipios españoles
Authors: Gutierrez Ponce Herenia , Cano Montero Elisa Isabel , Chamizo González Julián
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo analizamos las relaciones más relevantes entre la estabilidad presupuestaria, el Siste­ma de Financiación de los Municipios (SFM) y las políticas de gasto social, como piezas fundamentales para definir el nivel de Responsabilidad-Social-Corporativa (RSC) asignable a los municipios españoles. Para ello, hemos partido de las liquidaciones presupuestarias de los 9.500 municipios y otros entes locales españoles presentadas ante el Tribunal de Cuentas en 2014, y disponibles en la web del Ministerio de Hacienda. A partir de la información, elaboramos una base de datos (más de 1.500.000 registros, tratados mediante técnicas de data mining) para realizar un análisis de los factores más significativos que explican las relaciones entre estabilidad presupuestaria, suficiencia financiera y sostenibilidad de las políticas de bienestar. Partiendo de lo anterior y del nivel de gastos presupuestarios en el área de gasto (AG1) de Ser­vicios Públicos Básicos y en el área de gasto (AG2) de Actuaciones de Protección de Promoción Social proponemos dos indicadores para medir el nivel de la RSC atribuible a cada municipio. Los principales hallazgos se concretan en tres conclusiones: que los ayuntamientos con déficit presupuestario priorizan la reducción de su deuda con las entidades financieras a la vez que dilatan el pago a los proveedores; que las relaciones entre las políticas de ingresos y gastos de cada municipio repercuten directamente en su nivel de RSC; y que, mediante un modelo de probabilidad logit, se confirma la hipótesis según la cual la RSC de los municipios puede ser explicada a partir del tamaño de su población y de la forma en que se financian.
The relationship between the effective tax rate and the nominal rate
Authors: Lopes Dias Paulo Jorge Varela , Gomes Reis Pedro Miguel
Published: January 2019

The main goal of this investigation is to understand the relationship between the nominal rate and the effective tax rate and to evaluate if the differences between them depend on the value of the nominal rate. Based on a sample of 1,530 companies from 5 countries members of the European Union (Denmark, Slovenia, Finland, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom) there’s evidence that the effective tax rate is positively related to the nominal rate. The effective tax rate was calculated through the ratio between the value of the tax paid over the result before tax. When the nominal tax rate increases, the effective rate increases equally but with a slower growth. This relationship is softened if we take into account the value of the nominal tax rate, which shows that companies have the ability to manage the results in order to increase savings in tax.
GROWTH THEORY AS AN UNWANTED CHILD OF MACRO-DYNAMICS
Authors: Punzo Lionello F.
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

The story this paper tells, attempts to explain 1) how Neo-Classical growth theory happened to be simultaneously born by the hands of Solow (1956) and Swan (1956); and 2) how it carried its signature characteristics, i.e. the exogeneity of the long run growth driver. Both issues are ascribed to the heritage of unsolved problems from Macroeconomics, in its most mature version a non-linear theory of fluctuations.

 

LA TEORÍA DEL CRECIMIENTO COMO UN VÁSTAGO NO DESEADO DE LA MACRODINÁMICA

RESUMEN

Este artículo narra e intenta explicar: 1) cómo la teoría neoclásica del crecimiento surgió de forma simultánea de las manos de Solow (1956) y de Swan (1956) y 2) cómo llevó consigo sus características distintivas, i.e., la exogeneidad de su fuerza motriz de largo plazo. Ambas cuestiones se atribuyen a la herencia de problemas no resueltos de la macroeconomía en su versión más madura, una teoría no lineal de las fluctuaciones cíclicas.
ARISTÓTELES Y NIETZSCHE: LA ÉTICA EN EL TRABAJO ACADÉMICO Y CIENTÍFICO
Authors: Loría Eduardo
Published: January 2019

Por lo menos desde hace veinte años viene creciendo de manera alarmante la exigencia por parte de instituciones y revistas académicas de alta reputación (reconocidas en listas blancas) para garantizar prácticas éticas en la publicación científica. Esto se acompaña de la exigencia de gobiernos, universidades e instituciones de todo el mundo por aumentar la producción del conocimiento en todas las áreas del saber. Lo anterior parece responder al hecho de que los académicos deben justificar ante la sociedad —en forma de productos finales de investigación— su trabajo cotidiano y, más aún, los ingresos y financiamientos que reciben de los contribuyentes.  Es decir, la sociedad, representada por esos organismos, les exige a los académicos que demuestren de manera concreta la utilidad científica y social de su trabajo. De este modo se han creado índices de productividad y de competitividad y recompensas económicas a instituciones y académicos...
INDUSTRY, COMPETITIVENESS, EXTERNAL TRADE AND GROWTH ACCELERATION
Authors: Costa da Silva Guilherme Jonas , Do Carmo Hermida Camila
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a pioneering theoretical model for the acceleration of economic growth, from the junction of elements of the post-Keynesian theory of long run growth with Neo-Schumpeterian aspects. Some new findings were pointed, since it shows that the growth acceleration of a given country depends primarily on its international competitiveness, which is given for the capacity for imitation and technological innovation, beyond growth of physical production capacity of the economy and growth acceleration of world income.

 

INDUSTRIA, COMPETITIVIDAD, COMERCIO EXTERIOR Y ACELERACIÓN DEL CRECIMIENTO

RESUMEN
Este artículo presenta un modelo teórico pionero para la aceleración del crecimiento económico mediante la unión de elementos de la teoría poskeynesiana del crecimiento a largo plazo con aspectos neoeschumpeterianos. Se señalaron algunos hallazgos nuevos, ya que muestra que la aceleración del crecimiento de un país depende principalmente de su competitividad internacional, que se expresa por la capacidad de imitación e innovación tecnológica, más allá del crecimiento de la capacidad de producción física de la economía y de la aceleración del crecimiento del ingreso mundial.
Development and In-vitro characterization of floating drug delivery system of ketoconazole
Authors: Rathi Jagdish , Bhowmick Mithun , Sharma Rahul , Panse Sagar , Pandit Rupal , Gupta Sachin
Published: January 2019

The oral route is increasingly being used for the delivery of therapeutic agents because the low cost of the therapy and ease of administration lead to high level of patient compliances.  Floating drug delivery system (FDDS) float in the gastric fluid and prolong GRT to obtain sufficient drug bioavailability, because of their lower bulk density compared to that of the aqueous medium. The aim of the present study is to prepare floating tablets as a delivery system for controlled release of Ketoconazole. Ketoconazole is a drug of choice in antifungal category and gives significant result. Floating tablets containing Ketoconazole were prepared by direct compression technique using varying concentrations of different grades of polymers of Hydrxy Propyl Cellulose & Xanthan gum. To evaluate the prepared floating tablets for various parameters like hardness, friability, uniformity of drug content, in-vitro floating studies, in-vitro dissolution studies.

Keywords: Ketoconazole, Floating drug delivery system, Hydrxy Propyl Cellulose, Xanthan gum
Design, formulation and evaluation of sustained release bilayer tablets of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
Authors: Kar Ayan Kumar , Majumder Tandrima , Majumdar Subhabrota , Mahanti Beduin , Kar Banhishikha , Chakraborty Satyam , Parya Hiranmoy , Saha Surajit
Published: January 2019

The present research work involve the development of a bilayer tablet of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride using a superdisintegranting agent (sodium starch glycolate) for the fast releasing layer and hydrophobic polymers like ethyl cellulose, acrycoat L100 and acrycoat S100 for the delayed releasing layer. Ciprofloxacin was used as a model drug. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. The prepared bilayer tablets were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio at the precompression stage and thickness variation, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time,  in vitro drug release study at the post compression stage.. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out in a USP 24 apparatus I. In vitro dissolution kinetics followed the Higuchi model via a non-Fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism after the initial burst release. FT-IR studies revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed no significant difference in the cumulative amount of drug release after 15 min, but significant difference (p < 0.05) in the amount of drug released after 12 h from optimized formulations was observed. Present research work involves the development of a bilayer tablet of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride using a superdisintegrant for the fast releasing layer and hydrophobic polymers for the delayed releasing layer. There was the initial burst effect from the formulations to provide the loading dose of the drug, followed by sustained release to provide maintenance dose of the drug.

Keywords: Superdisintegrants, Burst release, Wet granulation, non-Fickian, Sustained release
Transdermal patches fabricated from hyaluronic acid for the enhanced skin penetration of therapeutic entities
Authors: Nair Syam S.
Published: January 2019

Skin is an attractive route for drug delivery. However poor permeation of drugs across the skin due to the presence of extremely ordered architecture of outermost layer of skin, led to several investigation to improve the permeability of drugs. Polysaccharides remain widely studied biomaterial for the sustained delivery of drug molecules across the skin. The advance of hyaluronic acid (HA) chemistry with multiple benefits has improved the attention of research groups for its application in the skin transportation of drug molecules. Beginning from the advantages of transdermal route, the present review details the application of HA in transdermal drug delivery. In the last few decades, substantial investigation in the domain has improved the requirement for an outline of all the developments, which is depicted in the review. The review also presented different types of HA based transdermal devices such as transferosomes, nanoemulsions, microneedle etc and their potential to improve the transdermal drug delivery. Furthermore the application of HA through chemical modification as a potential transdermal device is also presented.

Keywords: Hyaluronic acid, transdermal drug delivery, microneedles, nanoemulsion, hydrogel
Phytochemical screening and GC–MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in ethanolic leaves extract of Silybum marianum (L).
Authors: Padma M , Ganesan S , Jayaseelan T , Azhagumadhavan S , Sasikala P , Senthilkumar S , Mani P
Published: January 2019

Objective: To investigate the phytochemicals and GC-MS analysis of ethanol extracts of Silybum marianum.

Methods: The air-dried leaves were powdered and subjected to selective sequential extraction using solvents of increasing polarity through percolation, ethanol to obtain an ethanolic extract. Then, each of the extracts was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results: Qualitative determination of the different biologically active compounds from crude extracts of Silybum marianum using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed different types of high and low molecular weight chemical entities with varying amounts present in each of the extracts. These chemical compounds are considered biologically and pharmacologically important.

Conclusions: The study established the chemical composition and anticancer activity of the plant.

Keywords: Silybum marianum, Phytochemicals screening, GC–MS analysis, Bioactive compounds.
Designing fabrication and evaluation of Oral fast Disintegrating tablet of Ranitidine HCL
Authors: Patel Afroza Akbar , Shaikh Siraj N , Patel Huzaifa , Band Afzal , Shaoor Ahmed
Published: January 2019

The aim of this research work was to design develop & evaluate oral fast disintegrating tablets of Ranitidine HCL. The Orodispersible tablets of Ranitidine HCl were prepared by using direct Compression technique with a Synthetic Superdisintegrant such as Crosspovidone and a natural Superdisintegrant Fenugreek gum in different concentration. 32 factorial designs was applied to study the effect of independent variables,  concentration of Crosspovidone & Fenugreek gum on dependent variables like Cumulative % Drug release and Disintegration time by using design expert software. Prepared oral fast disintegrating tablets evaluated for Pre and Post-compression parameters. The prepared tablets exhibited satisfactory physico-chemical characterise especially fast disintegration & dissolution property. Full factorial design and optimization technique successfully used in the development oral fast disintegrating tablets. Comparing the all the formulations, formulation F9 was considered as optimized formulation which shows excellent fast disintegration, in vitro dissolution, and faster drug release within 6 min in comparison to other batches also stable in stability study.

Keywords:  Fast disintegrating, Ranitidine, Crosspovidone, Gum, Optimizations, Water absorption ratio
Phytopharmacology of Chloroxylon swietenia: a review
Authors: Charanraj Nallagiri , Venkateswararao Pragada , Vasudha Bakshi , Narender Boggula
Published: January 2019

The nature has provided a complete store house of remedies to use for all ailments for mankind. The knowledge on drugs has accumulated over thousands of years as a result of mans inquisitive nature. Phytomedicines or natural prescriptions, have assumed a basic part in World wellbeing for a large number of years. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), "natural medications incorporate herbs, home grown materials, home grown arrangements and completed home grown items, that contain as dynamic fixings parts of plants, or other plant materials, or blends. Chloroxylon swietenia DC. (Family: Rutaceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments like fungal infection of skin, rheumatism, common cold, cough, ophthalmic infection and cataract, wounds and as an astringent. It is a tropical aromatic tree of dry deciduous forests popularly known as East Indian Satin Wood. The findings of this study will facilitate pharmacognostic standardization of the plant material and aid in the preparation of an herbal monograph for the species. Further studies on this plant must be carried out to explore some other important, necessary and unknown benefits. As the plant has multifunctional properties, this review is worthwhile and therefore it presents comprehensive analysed information on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of the botanical.

Keywords: Chloroxylon swietenia, phytomedicines, pharmacological aspects, anti-feedant, anti-bacterial activity, IUCN, vulnerable species.
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity of bark of Gardenia latifolia
Authors: Ansari Farheen , Khare Salaj , Dubey B. K. , Joshi Amit , Jain Amit , Dhakad Suresh
Published: January 2019

Gardenia latifolia (Rubiaceae) is commonly known as Indian boxwood or Ceylon boxwood, is a densely foliaceous small tree that occurs throughout the greater parts of Indian common in deciduous forests along the streams. The stem bark and fruits are reported to be used in the treatment of various ailments such as snake bite, skin diseases, stomach pains, caries in humans and ephemeral fever in live stocks. Many beneficial medicinal products are used to treat various serious diseases and disorders like diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases without side effects. Hence our study focused to investigate the phytochemical analysis, quantification of bioactive compounds, in vitro free radical scavenging activity (DPPH radical method), anti-inflammatory activity (Carrageenan induced hind paw oedema ), in vitro anti-diabetic activity by enzyme inhibition activity of bark of Gardenia latifolia (hydroalcoholic extract) which has boundless medicinal properties. The results of this study showed the evidence that the extracts when tested for their phytochemicals and free radical scavenging activity were found to have considerable antioxidant potential. This plant also exhibit better in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory activity. The results of this study indicate that the hydroalcoholic extract of Gardenia latifolia bark has significant pharmacological properties.

Keywords: Gardenia latifolia, Phytochemical analysis, DPPH radical method, Anti-inflammatory activity, Anti-diabetic activity
Bioactive potential analysis of brown seaweed Sargassum wightii using UV-VIS and FT-IR
Authors: Rajeswari R. , Jeyaprakash K.
Published: January 2019

The current study was investigated to explore the biogenic molecules of Sargassum wightii collected from the south east of Tamil Nadu, India. The biogenic molecules extracted from Sargassum wightii by using methanol as a solvent and the analysis was carried out by using UV-Visible spectroscopy and FT-IR. The UV-Visible spectrum of the methanolic extract of Sargassum wightii exposed the existence of the biogenic molecules separated from 200 - 1100 nm among the absorption. The incidence of peaks from 234-676 nm discovered the presence of flavonoids and its derivatives. The unprocessed methanolic extract of Sargassum wightii was travelled in to FT-IR and it indicated the being of phenols and flavonoids their functional groups such as alcohol, alkane, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, alkynes and aromatics. From the results, the future aim of this study is necessary to develop the target site to treat dreadful diseases.

Keywords: Sargassum Wightii, FT-IR, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Phytochemical analysis.
Permanganatic oxidation of neomycine sulphate salt in basic media: a kinetic study
Authors: Lawale Narayan V. , Dobhal Bhagwan Singh , Gaur Sandip Singh , Pardeshi Rajendra
Published: January 2019

Permanganatic oxidation of Neomycine sulphate salt has been studied at different temperatures using spectrophotometer under alkaline conditions. The effect of variation of substrate Neomycine sulphate salt (NS), oxidant (KMnO4) and NaOH was studied under pseudo first order reaction conditions. The effect of different salts and solvents on oxidation of NS was also studied. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to oxidant, substrate and NaOH..

Keywords: Neomycine sulphate salt (NS), KMnO4 , permanganatic  oxidation, alkaline permanganate
HPTLC fingerprinting of stem bark extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.)
Authors: Ananthi T. , Vijayalakshmi S.
Published: January 2019

Fingerprint profile of   bark extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis using High Performance Thin Layer chromatography (HPTLC) has been established. HPTLC is a valuable tool for the investigation of medicinal plants with reference to the qualitative analysis of the phytoconstituents. Separation of the active constituents from the extracts has been developed using solvent system of Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5:4:1). The HPTLC analysis showed the presence of the flavonoid quercetin in the standard as well  as in the sample  and the  Rf value was  0.73. These images of fingerprinting help in the proper identification and quantification of the   marker compounds. On the basis of the marker compounds, new drugs could be formulated to treat various diseases

Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor- tristis, HPTLC analysis, quercetin, bark extract
Simultaneous estimation of gabapentin and methylcobalamin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC
Authors: Bakshi Anjali , Monika K , Bhutada Shweta , Bhagvan Raju M.
Published: January 2019

A simple, selective, linear, precise, and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Gabapentin & Methylcobalamin from bulk and formulation. Chromatographic separation was achieved Isocratically on an Inertsil C18 column (150x4.6, 5µ particle size) using a mobile phase Buffer: Acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, effluents were detected at 264 nm and 10µl of sample was injected. Retention time of Gabapentin & Methylcobalamin was found to be 2.7 and 4.13 min respectively. Linearity of the method was in the concentration range of 25-150 µg for Gabapentin & 0.125-0.750 µg for Methylcobalamin. Percent recoveries obtained for both the drugs were 100.00%. The percentage RSD for precision of the method was found to be less than 2%. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. The method developed was successfully applied for the analysis of simultaneous estimation of Gabapentin & Methylcobalamin tablets and was fairly good in comparison with other methods.

Keywords: Gabapentin, Methylcobalamin, HPLC.
Muco-constriction: A ray of promise from medicinal plants
Authors: Aruna V , Soundharya R , Amruthavalli GV , Gayathri R
Published: January 2019

JRK’s Anti-coff was evaluated for blood purification benefit by phagocytosis.  and surprisingly we found that Aniscochilus carnosus showed muco-constriction benefit, while Ocimum sanctum and Adathoda vasica showed mucolytic property. The clinical implication of the above therapeutic benefits is discussed in detail in the article from the context of Siddha system of medicine. The findings are discussed in the article.

Keywords: Mucolytic, Anti-coff, Cough, N-acetyl cysteine, Xylometazoline
Pattern of analgesic use in hospitalized children at a pediatric general ward in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Puja Dr. , Dhasmana D.C. , Kohli Saurabh , Chander Vipin
Published: January 2019

Background: analgesic use is common in adults but their use in children has not been extensively studied. This observational study was envisaged to study prevalence and pattern of analgesic use in hospitalized children in pediatric general ward.

Methods: 120 patients were included in the study. Disease was classified as per ICD-10 and medicines used were classified according to ATC classification. WHO indicators for rationality was used. Descriptive statistics was used to present the data i.e. percentage; proportions, frequency, mean and standard deviation using Microsoft excel worksheet.

Result: A total of 791 drugs from different classes were prescribed to 120 patients with a mean of 6.6 + 2.68 drugs described per patient during their stay in the hospital. 81 analgesics were prescribed. 25 were prescribed as fixed dose combination. Paracetamol was the most commonly prescribed non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.

Keywords: analgesics, children, fixed dose combinations
A comprehensive review on ethnobotanical applications and pharmacological activities of Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. & McCann (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Vibha S , Hebbar Sushmitha S , Mahalakshmi S.N. , Prashith Kekuda T.R.
Published: January 2019

Orchidaceae is one of the two largest families in angiosperms. Orchids are popular owing to the most beautiful flowers they produce and due to their wide spread ethnobotanical importance. In this review, ethnobotanical uses and pharmacological activities of A. praemorsa is discussed by referring flora, journals, and search engines such as Google scholar, ScienceDirect and Pubmed. Ethnobotanical investigations have revealed the potential therapeutic roles of different parts of A. praemorsa. The orchid is used traditionally by for treating ailments such as stomachache, earache, backache, wounds, neuralgia, rheumatism, eye diseases, sciatica, cough and fracture. A. praemorsa is investigated for various pharmacological activities. Studies have revealed the potential of A. praemorsa to exhibit a range of bioactivities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In conclusion, A. praemorsa is an extensively used epiphytic orchid for medicinal purposes in several parts of the India and other countries. Major emphasis has to be given in order to conserve this medicinally important orchid species. A. praemorsa can be a promising candidate in terms of its pharmacological potential.

Keywords: Orchids, Orchidaceae, Acampe praemorsa, Ethnobotanical, Pharmacological
In-vitro Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Vernonia cinerea
Authors: Mehta Jaswinder , Joshi Peenu Mahendra , Kushwaha Priyanka , Parkhe Geeta
Published: January 2019

The aim of present study was to estimate the in vitro antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant. The extract was found to scavenge effectively the free radicals. The total flavonoid contents were determined by established methods and were found to be 0.547 mg/100mg in quercitin equivalents. Antimicrobial activity was performed against 2 stains of human pathogenic bacteria by well diffusion method. Hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea showed good antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria. The antioxidant activities may be attributed to the presence of significant amounts of flavonoid compounds. Results indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea possess significant antioxidant effect in dose dependent manner, followed by the hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea possessed good antimicrobial activity.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Radical scavenging activity, Free radicals, Antimicrobial activity.