bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inelastic Processes of Electron Interaction with Chalcogens in the Gaseous Phase (a Review)
Authors: Shpenik O. , Zavilopulo A. , Remeta E. , Demes S. , Erdevdy M.
Published: July 2020

Complex research of elementary pair collision processes occurring when low-energy (0–70 eV) electrons pass through chalcogen (S, Se, Te) vapor has been carried out in the evaporation temperature intervals of those elements (T = 320÷700 K for sulfur, 420÷490 K for selenium, and 400÷600 K for tellurium). The vapor compositions of indicated elements are studied using the mass spectroscopy method. The radiation spectra are analyzed in the wavelength interval from 200 to 600 nm with the help of optical spectroscopy. Using highly monoenergetic electron beams, the total (integral) formation cross-sections for positive and negative S, Se, and Te ions are measured. It is found that, under the experimental conditions, the main components of chalcogen vapor are molecules containing 2 to 8 atoms. At the energies of bombarding electrons below 10 eV, the emission spectra mainly consist of bands of diatomic molecules, and, at higher energies (E > 15 eV), there appear separate atomic and ionic lines. At E = 50 eV, the lines of singly charged ions are the most intense ones. It is shown that the most effective reaction channel is the interaction of electrons with diatomic molecules of indicated elements, whereas other processes are mainly associated with the decay of polyatomic molecules. The excitation and ionization thresholds for interaction products are found by analyzing the energy dependences of process characteristics. Specific features are also observed in the energy dependences of the excitation and ionization functions. Doubly charged ions of diatomic sulfur molecules, as well as selenium and tellurium atoms, are revealed for the first time. The appearance of triply charged ions of diatomic sulfur molecules is also detected. The main contribution to the total (integral) effective ionization cross-section of both positive and negative ions is proved to be made by the interaction processes of electrons with diatomic molecules S2, Se2, and Te2. Besides the experimental research, a detailed theoretical study is carried out. Calculations with a theoretical analysis of their results are performed for the structural characteristics of homoatomic sulfur, Sn, selenium, Sen, and tellurium, Ten, molecules with n = 2÷8; namely, interatomic distances, ionization potentials, electron affinity energies, and dissociation energies. The energy characteristics are applied to calculate the appearance energies for singly and doubly charged ionic fragments of those molecules at the dissociative ionization. The obtained results are carefully compared with the available experimental and theoretical data.
Concentration Dependences of Macromolecular Sizes in Aqueous Solutions of Albumins
Authors: Bulavin L. A. , Khorolskyi O. V.
Published: July 2020

On the basis of experimental data for the shear viscosity in the aqueous solutions of ovine serum albumin and using the cellular model describing the viscosity in aqueous solutions, the concentration dependences of the effective radius of ovine serum albumin macromolecules in the aqueous solutions within a concentration interval of 3.65–25.8 wt% and a temperature interval of 278–318 K at the constant pH = 7.05 are calculated. The concentration and temperature dependences of the effective radii of ovine, bovine, and human serum albumin macromolecules are compared. It is shown that they are partially similar for the solutions of ovine and human serum albumins within concentration intervals of 0.12–0.49 vol% and 0.18–0.48 vol%, respectively, provided an identical acid-base balance (pH) in those solutions. The following conclusions are drawn: (i) the concentration dependences of the effective radii of structurally similar macromolecules of various albumins are similar, but provided an identical pH, and (ii) the dependence of the volume concentration of aqueous albumin solutions on the temperature at the constant radius of a macromolecule confirms the hypothesis about the existence of a dynamic phase transition in aqueous solutions at a temperature of 42 ∘C, at which the thermal motion of water molecules significantly changes.
Fine Spin-Dependent Splitting of Electronic Excitations and Their Dispersion in Single-Layer Graphene and Graphite
Authors: Gubanov V. O. , Naumenko A. P. , Dotsenko I. S. , Sabov M. M. , Gryn D. V. , Bulavin L. A.
Published: July 2020

The dispersion dependences of electronic excitations in single-layer graphene and crystalline graphite have been studied taking the electron spin into consideration. Compatibility conditions for two-valued irreducible projective representations characterizing the symmetry of spinor excitations in the above structures and the distributions of spinor quantum states over projective classes and irreducible projective representations at all high-symmetry points in the corresponding Brillouin zones are determined for the first time. The principal existence of the spin-dependent splitting (or merging) of the electronic energy states, in particular, the electronic п-bands at the Dirac points, is established. The magnitude of spin-dependent splitting can be significant, e.g., for the transition-metal chalcogenides belonging to the same spatial symmetry group as crystalline graphite. However, because of the weak spin-orbit interaction for carbon atoms, it turns out small for all carbon structures including single-layer graphene and crystalline graphite.
Evaluation of a Dextran-Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Copolymer as a Potential Temperature-Dependent Nanocarrier for Photosensitizers with Different Properties
Authors: Kutsevol N. , Kuziv Yu. , Zorin V. , Kravchenko I. , Zorina T. , Marynin A. , Bulavin L.
Published: July 2020

Thermosensitive polymer poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) having a conformational transition in the interval of physiological temperatures was discussed last years as a novel drug delivery system. Chlorin e6 (Ce6) is a photosensitizer used in the photodynamic anticancer therapy. The comparative study of the encapsulation of Ce6 and its derivative, dimethylether of chlorine e6 (DME Ce6), into a water-soluble star-like PNIPAM-based copolymer to prevent the aggregation of a photosensitizer in the water medium is carried out. The photophysical properties of the copolymer/photosensitizer complexes as functions of the temperature in the region of the conformational transition of the polymer matrix have been studied and discussed. It is shown that Ce6 at low temperatures interacts weakly with the polymer phase. As a result, the absorption and fluorescence properties of Ce6 in aqueous and polymer solutions are practically identical. Fluorescence characteristics of Ce6 in a copolymer solution remain unchanged, when it is heated, which indicates the lack of a possibility for this sensitizer to bind in the bulk of the polymer phase. Following fluorescence data, all DME Ce6 molecules are bound with the polymer matrix, when a temperature is higher than the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) of the polymer. The formed complexes are quite stable. In the presence of serum proteins, the molecules of the photosensitizer remain associated for a long time with the polymer. At temperatures below LCST, DME Ce6 is not bound by the polymer. Moreover, the cooling of a solution of DME Ce6/polymer complexes leads to the rapid dissociation of photosensitizer molecules with subsequent aggregation or binding to biological structures in an aqueous medium. The obtained results show that the possibility of using the polymer PNIPAM as a temperature-dependent nanocarrier strongly depends on the properties of the loaded drug.
Abono orgánico, microorganismos de montaña (MM) y fertibiol para el control biológico de la hernia de las crucíferas (Plasmodiophora brassicae wor.) en el cultivo de mostaza china (Brassica rapa sp. pekinensis var. Taranko F1)
Authors: Castro Barquero Leida , Martínez Vargas Verónica , Castro Zúñiga Óscar , Blanco Meneses Mónica
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La producción de mostaza(Brassica rapa sp. pekinensis) se ve afectadapor la enfermedad causada por Plasmodiophorabrassicae. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto deAbono Orgánico, Microorganismos de Montaña
y Fertibiol, para el control biológico de P. brassicae. Materiales y métodos. Los tratamientos
diseñados se evaluaron de manera individual yen combinación, las variables evaluadas fueronpeso fresco y seco de la parte aérea y la radical,relación raíz-tallo, índice de severidad radical ypersistencia de esporas en el suelo (rtPCR). Serealizaron 2 ciclos de cultivo y 2 evaluaciones.Se utilizaron las pruebas de Kruscal-Wallis,Shapiro-Wilks y Levene, ANDEVA y la pruebaDGC (Di Rienzo, Guzmán y Casanoves) para
la separación de medias. Resultados. Los tratamientos que contenían abono orgánico (solo o 
en mezcla) obtuvieron los mayores valores paralas variables de peso fresco y seco, tanto parala parte aérea (más de 300% respecto al testigo)como la radical. La relación raíz-tallo (R/T) fue
menor y, por ende, más favorable en el tratamiento con abono orgánico, con un valor de 0,22. Para
el índice de severidad, el tratamiento con MMpresentó el menor valor en las 2 evaluaciones,
mientras que los tratamientos con abono orgánico mostraron el mayor valor, pero esto no afectó
negativamente el rendimiento. Para la variablepersistencia, fue posible determinar que en eltestigo hubo una disminución en la cantidad deesporas germinativas con el avance del tiempoy que los tratamientos aplicados ocasionaron
respuestas variables en cuanto a este comportamiento, mostrando ecuaciones con diferente
pendiente y muy diversos coeficientes de variación. El tratamiento con MM presentó para la
segunda evaluación la menor cantidad promedio
de esporas y el menor índice de severidad radical. Conclusión. El abono orgánico mejoró el
rendimiento de las plantas y la utilización deMM redujo la severidad y mostró potencial paradisminuir la presencia de esporas en el suelo.
Efectividad a nivel in vitro de Trichoderma spp. nativos e importados contra Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Rodríguez García Daniela , Wang Wong Amy
Published: July 2020

Introducción. Los hongos fitopatógenoscausan pérdidas en la producción de tomate ypor ello es importante y necesaria la búsquedade alternativas orientadas al manejo de agentesantagonistas que sean eficientes y compatibles
con el ambiente. Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad de cepas nativas e importadas de Trichoderma spp. en el combate de Fusarium spp. a
nivel de laboratorio. Materiales y métodos. Se
emplearon productos comerciales de Trichoderma spp. con cepas nativas (THM-03 y THM-04)
e importadas (THU-01 de Estados Unidos yTHC-02 de Colombia). El patógeno fue aisladode plantas enfermas de tomate, para los cualesse empleó análisis molecular y morfológico para
su identificación. Se utilizó la técnica de cultivo dual para evaluar los radios de crecimiento
del antagonista (RCA) y del patógeno (RCP),
el micoparasitismo y el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento radial (PICR). Resultados.
Se identificaron las especies T. asperellum, T. 
asperelloides y T. guizhouense; el patógenose identificó como F. oxysporum. Los valorespromedios de los RCA fueron 26,5; 39,3; 41,2y 32,1 mm para THU-01, THC-02, THM-03 yTHM-04, respectivamente, y 42,75 mm para lostestigos. En cuanto al micoparasitismo, se obtuvoque THC-02, THM-03 y THM-04 presentaroninvasión completa de la colonia del patógeno conesporulación y THU-01 solo logró invadir un
cuarto de la superficie del patógeno. Se determinó el PICR, en el que se encontraron diferencias entre cepas donde las más efectivas fueron
THM-3 y THC-2 con 67% y 63% de inhibición,respectivamente. Conclusión. En este estudio
in vitro se encontraron diferencias en la capacidad antagónica de las especies de Trichoderma
frente al patógeno F. oxysporum. Las cepas T.asperellum, T. asperelloides y la cepa nativa deT. guizhouense mostraron ser más agresivas enel combate del patógeno, independientemente desu procedencia, por lo que se podría ampliar elestudio con el uso de más aislamientos.
Desarrollo de métodos de análisis de espectroscopia y algoritmos de aprendizaje automático para la evaluación de algunas propiedades del suelo en Costa Rica
Authors: Perret Johan , Villalobos Leandro José Eduardo , Abdalla Bolaños Karim , Fuentes Fallas Carol Lucía , Cuarezma Espinoza Katherine Michelle , Macas Amaya Esteban Nicolás , López Maietta María Teresa , Drewry Darren
Published: July 2020

Introducción. Los métodos convencionales de laboratorio para analizar el contenido
de nutrientes del suelo, generalmente requierenmucho tiempo y son costosos. En contraparte,la espectroradioscopia visible e infrarroja ofreceuna técnica rápida para caracterizar el suelo enlaboratorio. Las firmas espectrales codificaninformación sobre las características inherentes
del suelo, como la composición mineral, el contenido de nutrientes, los compuestos orgánicos y 
el agua. Objetivo. El objetivo principal de esteproyecto fue construir bibliotecas espectrales
para los suelos tropicales de Costa Rica y determinar las bandas hiperespectrales óptimas en
el rango espectral visible infrarrojo cercano e
infrarrojo de onda corta para caracterizar propiedades de suelo. Materiales y métodos. Las
mediciones hiperespectrales se llevaron a cabocon un espectroradiómetro ASD FieldSpec 4para generar las firmas de reflectancia espectralde más de 1300 muestras de suelo de Costa Rica,pre-procesadas en el Laboratorio de Suelo de laUniversidad EARTH. Se determinó el contenidode nutrientes de cada muestra de suelo, medianteplasma acoplado inductivamente. Además, seevaluaron el pH, la acidez extraíble, la saturaciónde bases, la saturación de acidez, la capacidadefectiva de intercambio catiónico, el carbono,la materia orgánica y la textura del suelo. Sedesarrollaron modelos de regresión de mínimoscuadrados parciales (PLSR) en MATLAB para
predecir esas propiedades de suelo a partir de firmas hiperespectrales. Resultados. Este enfoque
espectroradioscópico, combinado con modelosde aprendizaje automático, permitió identificarbandas de ondas óptimas específicas en zonasespectrales en las que se puede predecir cadanutriente. Se logró una estimación precisa delcontenido de diferentes componentes (Ca, Mg,Fe, C, N y CICE) con un R2 superior a 0,8 y unerror cuadrático medio (RMSE) inferior a 10%.
Conclusión. Los análisis espectroscópicos combinados con el método Mínimo Cuadrático Parcial (PLS), pueden proporcionar una herramienta
muy útil para la agricultura de precisión en lossuelos tropicales de Costa Rica.
Costos de producción de teca (Tectona grandis) y melina (Gmelina arborea) en sistemas silvopastoriles de la zona norte de Costa Rica
Authors: Ospino Araya Mónica , Badilla Valverde Yorleny , Paniagua Madrigal Wilfrido , Campos Granados Carlos , Murillo Gamboa Olman
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La ausencia de información económica constituye una barrera para elfomento de sistemas silvopastoriles. El componente forestal representa una contribución marginal en la economía de la ganadería, que mantiene una huella de carbono alta y ocupa un 43%del territorio. Se requiere un nuevo modelo silvopastoril de mayor impacto económico-socialy ambiental. Objetivo. Generar información decostos del cultivo de árboles, en un diseño silvopastoril que logra integrar el negocio pecuariocon el de madera. Materiales y métodos. Sereporta la estructura completa de costos delcomponente forestal, basado en clones de melinay teca. Se adaptó la información de plantacionescompactas ordinarias, a un sistema de cultivode árboles en franjas dentro de una finca ganadera, utilizado en la zona norte de Costa Rica. 
La información se diferenció en dos escenarios,el modelo de alta y baja inversión, según elpaquete tecnológico utilizado. Resultados. Losárboles se plantaron dentro de franjas cercadasde seis metros de ancho.ha-1 en los linderos de losapartos, en distribución tresbolillo a 2,5 m entrehileras y 4,0 m entre árboles, que permiten cultivar 150 árboles en dos franjas.ha-1, en un ciclo de8 años para melina y de 16 años para teca. Conclusiones. El costo total de cultivar melina endos franjas.ha-1, en el modelo de alta inversión,fue de ₡751 759 (US $1307) y de ₡966 818 (US$1681) con teca. En el modelo de baja inversiónel costo total para melina fue de ₡545 739 (US$949) y para teca ₡714 548 (US $1242). La manode obra representó 41% de los costos totales enmelina y 44% en teca. Este diseño silvopastorilrequiere plantar 4,17 ha con melina y 5,5 ha conteca para obtener la misma cantidad de maderaque en una plantación convencional.
Development and validation of method for determination of organophosphorus pesticides traces in liver sample by GC-MS/MS-ion trap
Authors: Boneva Iskra , Yaneva Spaska , Danalev Dancho
Published: July 2020

A method for simultaneous determination of trace of four organophosphorus pesticides residues in animal liver samples has been developed and validated. This method is based on the preliminary sample preparation using extraction of target compound with a mixture of toluene-cyclohexane by means of up-to-date accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), liquid-liquid partitioning with acetonitrile and hexane, additional clean up step using QuEChERS method. Further the obtained analytes are determined by gas chromatography with ion-trap detector. The validation of the method is performed in accordance with the recommendations in Document SANTE/11945/2015 and it meets the acceptability criteria for precision, mean recovery and limits of quantification. The samples were investigated by analysing blank liver samples and samples spiked with the target analytes chlorpyrifos-methyl, parathion and pirimiphos-methyl at levels of 25, 50, and 75 ng/g and with diazinon at levels of 15, 30, and 45 ng/g. The recovery for all compounds were in the range from 73 to 104% which perfectly fit with requirements of documents and European legislations. The repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility also reveal acceptable in documents coefficient of variation and uncertainty less than 20 and 18%, respectively. The limits of quantification were less than 3 ng/g for all compounds and allowed determination of residues below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) set in Regulation (EC) Nº 396/2005.
Physiotherapist involvement in concussion services in New Zealand: A national survey
Authors: Maxtone Sophie , Bishop Megan , Chapple Cathy , Tumilty Steve , Quinn Dusty , Kennedy Ewan
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe physiotherapist involvement in concussion services in New Zealand. This would enable a comparison with international recommendations for concussion care, and evaluation of physiotherapy concussion care in New Zealand to help determine what is successful and what could be improved. The study involved a national online survey of physiotherapists distributed via Physiotherapy New Zealand (PNZ) branches and special interest groups. The responses of 175 participants were analysed, representing approximately 5% of PNZ members. Respondents were commonly involved in the recognition (107; 61%), assessment (133; 76%), and management (154; 88%) of concussion in a wide range of primary care concussion services in various settings/contexts and under different funding schemes. Respondents reported frequently assessing and managing disorders in the physiological brain, vestibulo-ocular, and cervicogenic sub-systems. Overall, physiotherapists currently provide a wide range of primary care services for people with concussion that aligns with international recommendations, especially in active rehabilitation and screening for concurrent injuries. Key challenges highlighted by this research include people presenting late to physiotherapy, continuity of care, and the frequency of persistent or recurrent symptoms.
University student satisfaction, resource management and metacognitive learning strategies
Authors: Kasalak Gamze , Dağyar Miray
Published: July 2020

The study aims to determine the relationship between university students’ satisfaction with the university and the use of resource management and metacognitive self-regulatory learning strategies through structural equation modelling. This study was designed in the relational screening model, which is among the descriptive research methods and defines the relationships between variables. The data were collected from 364 undergraduate students at a university in Turkey. Structural equation modelling was used to test the model that showed the relationships between student satisfaction, resource management and metacognitive self-regulatory learning strategies, and the descriptive statistics of the variables and correlations were also calculated. Research results show that metacognitive and resource management self-regulatory learning strategies affect student satisfaction. significantly at a low level. Students’ use of self-regulatory learning strategies positively affects their satisfaction from the institution they are studying. In addition, the mediating effect of resource management self-regulatory learning strategy between metacognitive learning and student satisfaction was examined, and the indirect impact of resource management on student satisfaction was also found to be significant.
What do we mean by social in relation to learning and the role of teachers?
Authors: Earl Rinehart Kerry
Published: July 2020

N/A
Lactancia materna y feminismo: recorrido social y cultural en España
Authors: Dios-Aguado Mercedes de , Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario , Rodríguez-López Cristina Rocío , Queirós Paulo Joaquim Pina , Romera-Álvarez Laura , Espina-Jerez Blanca
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Analizar la influencia de cambios socio-políticos, educativos y feministas de España en el mantenimiento de lactancia materna. MÉTODO Revisión histórico-descriptiva de documentación en bases de datos, Boletines Oficiales del Estado, del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo y Bienestar Social. RESULTADOS La lactancia materna es un fenómeno complejo influenciado por factores demográficos, biológicos, sociales y psicológicos. Ha cambiado a lo largo de la historia y, evolucionado con los movimientos feministas. La incorporación de la mujer al mercado laboral (s.XIX), produjo una modificación en el rol familiar y pareja. La sociedad del siglo XXI reclama a los poderes públicos la conciliación personal y laboral para la crianza de sus hijos. CONCLUSIONES E IMPLICACIÓN PARA LA PRÁCTICA Han sido múltiples los factores y procesos evolutivos para la situación socio-cultural de la mujer en la lactancia materna. Actualmente sigue siendo complicado compaginar gestación y crianza con el empleo, las redes formales e informales permiten avances en políticas sanitarias.
EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, RENDIMENTO ACADÊMICO E SINTOMAS DE OVERTRAINING EM ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA
Authors: Guimarães Thiago Teixeira , Baroni Domênica , Silva Monique das Neves , Marsillac Paula de , Tomé Octavio
Published: July 2020

Introdução: O exercício físico regular parece apresentar benefícios até o desenvolvimento do overtraining, que compromete o desempenho e a saúde. Objetivo: Verificar se o rendimento acadêmico de graduandos em medicina está correlacionado com o estado de overtraining, além de comparar seus sinais entre praticantes de diferentes quantidades de exercício. Métodos: A amostra consistiu de 107 estudantes assintomáticos do curso de medicina da UERJ. Foi utilizada uma anamnese para coletar informações que caracterizassem a amostra, além das horas de sono e status de atividade física. Três grupos foram estabelecidos: insuficientemente ativos (n=35), moderadamente ativos (n=57) e superativos (n=15). Foi aplicado o Questionário de Sintomas Clínicos do Overtraining para a comparação entre grupos, onde quanto maior a pontuação, mais evidentes seus sintomas. O rendimento acadêmico foi obtido através do resultado da avaliação curricular nas disciplinas com maior carga horária em seus respectivos períodos (Anatomia, Micro Imuno e Clínica Médica), com pontuação variando entre zero a 10. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística significativa, através da correlação não paramétrica de Spearman, entre os escores de overtraining e o rendimento acadêmico (rs=-0,058; p=0,554). A ANOVA de uma entrada indicou diferença estatística significativa nos escores de overtraining entre insuficientemente ativos (36,31 ± 17,3) e moderadamente ativos (28,15±14,17) (p<0,01), entre insuficientemente ativos e superativos (14,66±8,86) (p<0,001) e entre moderadamente ativos e superativos (p<0,01). Conclusão: O rendimento acadêmico não foi afetado pelo estado de fadiga acumulada, porém, pessoas insuficientemente ativas podem ser acometidas por sintomas característicos do excesso de estresse provocado pelo exercício. Existem questões relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da exaustão física e emocional que não são justificadas exclusivamente por parâmetros clássicos de sua prática, como por exemplo, o tipo, frequência, intensidade, duração e intervalo do exercício.
EXCESS MORTALITY IN BRAZIL IN TIMES OF COVID-19
Authors: Silva Gulnar Azevedo e , Jardim Beatriz , Santos Cleber Vinicius Brito dos
Published: July 2020

Given the growing number of deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, this study presents an initial and exploratory descriptive analysis of the excess mortality observed from March to May 2020 in capitals and other municipalities. The data source was the death registers from the Civil Registry Offices. The data were disaggregated by gender and capitals and other municipalities of the 26 federative units and the Federal District. The standardized mortality ratio for 2020 was calculated with the 2019 mortality coefficients as standards. The results showed 39,146 excess deaths for the period studied and is higher among men. This increase was more significant among the capitals of the North, Northeast, and Southeast regions. In the other municipalities in these regions, the increase was observed in May, indicating a possible inland-bound COVID-19 transmission. The need to improve the detection and registration of cases is highlighted to enable the efficient monitoring of the pandemic.
Aplicación de la Investigación de Operaciones a la Distribución de Recursos Relacionados con la COVID-19 en Cuba
Authors: Martínez-López Yoan , Oquendo Hilda , Caballero Yaile , Guerra-Rodríguez Luis Eduardo , Junco-Villegas Raudel , Benítez Isnel , Rodríguez Ansel , Madera Julio
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es la aplicación del modelo de enrutamiento de vehículos y su solución con algoritmos de optimización para la distribución de insumos relacionados con el servicio asistencial a pacientes aquejados de la COVID-19 en Camagüey - Cuba, en función del perfeccionamiento en la toma de decisiones por los directivos.
Métodos: Se utilizaron los problemas de enrutamiento de vehículos heterogéneos con ventanas de tiempos, combinado con algoritmos de optimización para obtener la solución a la distribución de estos recursos.
Principales resultados: Se experimentaron con un total de 15 modelos para el estudio del comportamiento de los algoritmos aplicados al problema, donde se utilizó la biblioteca CVRP, implementada en Matlab. Se implementaron tres de metaheurísticas: EDA, SA, VNS. A partir de la información modelada se procedió a la solución del problema FSMVRPTW a través de algoritmos EDA y VNS, utilizándose este último por contar con una implementación de código abierto en Excel.
Conclusiones: Los estudios acerca del problema de enrutamiento de vehículos han demostrado su utilidad en diferentes situaciones complejas como las pandemias para optimizar la distribución de recursos. En tiempos de COVID-19, contar con una organización del transporte óptima para distribuir los recursos médicos, es una herramienta vital para la toma de decisiones en la provincia Camagüey, extensible a toda Cuba.
Türkçe ve İngilizce Ders Kitapları Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz: 7. Sınıf Örneği
Authors: MADEN Sedat , ÖNAL Aydın
Published: July 2020

Araştırmada, Türkiye’de ve Amerika’da ana dili öğretiminde kullanılan Türkçe ve İngilizce ders kitaplarının öğrenme alanlarına göre karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma, nitel araştırma yaklaşımına göre yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama aşamasında doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler dil becerilerine / öğrenme alanlarına göre tasnif edilmiş ve her iki ders kitabı bu doğrultuda karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri kaynağını Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından yayınlanmış olan 7. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabı ile Amerika’da 7. sınıf düzeyinde kullanılan Prentice Hall Literature Bronze Level adlı kitap oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonunda, İngilizce ders kitabının okuma öğrenme alanı hazırlık çalışmalarında ön bilgi ve deneyimleri harekete geçirme, yaşamla ilişkilendirme ve düşünme becerilerini kullandırma yönleri ile Türkçe ders kitabından farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında okuma, dinleme-konuşma ve yazma becerilerinin eğitimine dair Türkçe ve İngilizce ders kitapları arasında önemli farkların olduğu da ortaya konulmuştur.
Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi’nde Yayınlanan Makalelerin Anahtar Kelimeleri Üzerine Betimsel Bir Analiz
Authors: CİN ŞEKER Zeynep
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada Türkçe eğitimi alanında yayımlanan ilk bilimsel dergi olma özelliği gösteren Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi’nde yayınlanan 335 makalenin anahtar kelimeleri betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma deseni tercih edilmiştir. Veriler doküman incelemesi ile toplamış ve betimsel analizle incelenmiştir. İlk olarak makalelerde kullanılan anahtar keklimeler tespit edilmiş ve bu kelimeler belirlenen temalar altında frekans değerleri ile birlikte sunulmuştur. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre en çok kullanılan anahtar kelimelerin Türkçe eğitimi/yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi/dil öğretimi konu alanları ile ilgili olduğu görülmüştür. Temel dil becerileri ile ilgili anahtar kelimelerin okuma ve yazma becerilerinde yoğunlaştığı, dinleme ve konuşma becerisine yönelik kelimelerin ise az olduğu belirlenmiştir. Makalelerde, metin/metin çözümleme ve dil bilgisi/dilbilim ile ilgili anahtar kelimelerin de sık kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Söz varlığı, öğretmen/öğretmen adayı/öğrenci/ebeveyn, drama/tiyatro, değer, çocuk edebiyatı alanlarına yönelik anahtar kelimelerin ise diğer temalara oranla daha az olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
Intellectuele toe-eigening en discursief geweld in Focquenbrochs Afrikaense Thalia (1678)
Authors: Laureys Tom
Published: July 2020

In 1668, the Dutch medic and poet Willem Godschalck van Focquenbroch left Amsterdam for the African Gold Coast to become “fiscaal” (a kind of public prosecutor) on behalf of the Dutch West India Company (WIC) at Elmina Castle in Guinea, which was a bulwark of the Dutch transatlantic slave trade. In his posthumously published Afrikaense Thalia (African Thalia, 1678), a collection of poems and letters containing the well-known Afrikaense Brieven (African Letters), Focquenbroch testifies to his life and work in Elmina Castle through his alter ego “Focq”. In this article, I use Stephen Greenblatt’s notions of “wonder” and “possession” to demonstrate that Focq’s descriptions in the Afrikaense Brieven can be read as an expression of his initial wonder for, and subsequent appropriation of Guinea and its inhabitants. I argue that Focq’s literary-intellectual appropriation of the African Other, which at first sight seems rather innocent compared to the brutal physical appropriation of African people by the Dutch colonists, can nevertheless be considered violent at a discursive level. Focq’s conviction that he is superior to the Guineans because he possesses written language enables him to frame his writing in a discourse which stresses the superiority of the own culture and the culturelessness of the African Other. As such, Focq degrades and instrumentalizes the African Other in order to glorify and preserve the Self.
Поляризация и сжатие освоенных пространств в центре России: тренды, проблемы, возможные решения
Authors: Нефёдова Татьяна Григорьевна , Трейвиш Андрей Ильич
Published: July 2020

Поляризация и сжатие обжитых и освоенных территорий как следствие их крайне неравномерного развития стали одной из ключевых проблем не только всей России и её макрорайонов, но и отдельных регионов или их групп. Анализ одной из них, расположенной в историческом ядре страны вокруг Москвы, выявил резкие и нарастающие контрасты типа центр-периферия, вообще наиболее характерные для России. Их факторами стали специфика урбанизации, подверженной кризисным колебаниям, центростремительные миграции населения, депопуляция внутренней периферии, особенно сельской, в условиях постсоветской пространственной перестройки экономики и расселения. Эти процессы болезненны для обоих полюсов, центрального и периферийного, но на втором вызванные ими проблемы стоят и ощущаются острее. Отношение к ним у населения, экспертов и чиновников различно. Выделены четыре основных возможных подхода к этим проблемам и варианта соответствующей политики и решений: 1) невмешательство в духе laissez-faire с надеждой на естественную смену (разворот) тренда сжатия; 2) ускорение сжатия в целях экономии бюджетных средств путём укрупнения поселений и социальных объектов; 3) его сдерживание, смягчение негативных социальных последствий доступными мерами; 4) поиск и всемерная поддержка новых, возвратных волн освоения (своего рода реконкисты) пустеющей периферии, среди которых в качестве одной из самых реальных, массовых и притом наименее затратных для государства выделяется дачная волна. У каждого варианта есть свои позитивные и негативные, сильные и слабые стороны, беглый обзор которых содержится в статье. Но выбор того или иного пути остаётся, как обычно, за политиками и управленцами.
Влияние родственного ухода на занятость, здоровье и материальное положение ухаживающих
Authors: Гришина Елена Евгеньевна , Цацура Елена Алексеевна
Published: July 2020

В России, как и в большинстве других стран, основная нагрузка по уходу за пожилыми и инвалидами ложится на родственников. В статье на основе данных обследования «Комплексное наблюдение условий жизни населения» Росстата за 2018 г. проанализировано влияние родственного ухода на положение ухаживающих лиц. В частности, показано, что люди трудоспособного возраста, ухаживающие за родственниками, реже имеют работу; чаще работают неполный рабочий день или неполную рабочую неделю; чаще имеют хронические заболевания и более низкую самооценку здоровья. Интенсивный уход (более 20 часов в неделю) усиливает негативное влияние на занятость и самооценку здоровья. Среди лиц трудоспособного возраста, осуществляющих интенсивный родственный уход, выше доля бедных и крайне бедных и ниже доля лиц со среднедушевым доходом выше двукратной величины прожиточного минимума. Это свидетельствует о необходимости создания комплексной системы мер, направленных на поддержку родственников, осуществляющих уход, включая меры по сохранению занятости и развитию гибких форм занятости на рынке труда, расширению охвата лиц, имеющих родственников и нуждающихся в уходе, программами временного и дневного ухода, по оказанию консультационной поддержки родственников и организации очного и дистанционного обучения родственников навыкам ухода. Усиление поддержки родственников, осуществляющих уход, позволит людям пожилого возраста и инвалидам, нуждающимся в уходе, как можно дольше оставаться дома в привычных условиях и получать при этом качественный уход.
Quick-Hot-Gram-Cromotropo QHGC lugol solution (Agudelo-Lopez SP and Montoya-Palacio MN, 2004) v1
Authors: Antonio Benavides Javier
Published: July 2020

Lugol's solution is an aqueous solution which contains iodine (I2) and potassium iodide (KI) in a ratio of 1:2 Lugol's iodine solution is used for Gram staining and can be used as an antiseptic and disinfectant for emergency disinfection of drinking water, and as a reagent for starch detection in routine laboratory and other medical tests. In the standard Gram procedure the aniline dyes in the cell tissue of microorganisms form a red dye-iodine complex when exposed to iodine. In Gram-positive microorganisms the dye-iodine complex cannot subsequently be dissolved from the cells by decolorizing agents such as alcohol or acetone. The cells remain dark blue in color. In Gram-negative microorganisms the dye-iodine complex is dissolved and the cell turns red as a result of counterstaining. Lugol's solution is required to form the dye - iodine complex of Gram-positive bacteria. Stock solutions of I2- KI in water are unstable. Iodine can be lost by evaporation and that can influence the result of the staining as well as affecting the working conditions in that area. Stainless steel parts of staining instruments can also be affected by the iodine in the Lugol's solution. If the concentration of iodine in the Lugol's solution decreases the bacterial smears may become more susceptible to decolourization. Therefore, I2- KI solutions should always be stored in completely closed bottles. The problem of iodine loss can be overcome by using polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP) in the I2- KI solution. PVP forms a complex with iodine. This complex is more stable and has a longer shelf life. The results of the material treated with Lugol's solution stabilized with PVP will give identical results with regard to differentiation of Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria compared to the standard Lugol's solution. Both Lugol's solutions are available - the standard type and the stabilized type. Suitable protocols are available on the internet or on demand. ProductPresentationCat. No.Lugol's solution
The Implementation of Street Vendors Regulation Policy in Developing their Social Order in Majalaya Area of Bandung Regency
Authors: Desti Indria
Published: July 2020

This study was motivated by the problems caused by the presence of Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) or street vendors in public space. Their selling activity on the sidewalks and pavements around Majalaya area was considered less organized and as an inconvenience to social orderliness such as the traffic. This study aims to describe the implementation of street vendors regulation policy in developing their social order in Majalaya Area of Bandung Regency. This study applied a qualitative approach with descriptive method. The data was collected through observation, interview, and documentation study. This study found that: 1) before the regulation was implemented, there were many street vendors booths which were illegal, and the condition was actually less ordered and inappropriate thus it impaired the convenience to streetwalkers and road traffic; 2) the deliberate action by Satpol PP or the civil service police unit concerning the regulation of street vendors are to organize, foster, and discipline them according to the Local Regulation Number 5/2015 with persuasive approach to give a good comprehension and motivation. Moreover, the study also discovered that the country authority allowed them to have selling activities and build a temporary booth near the Majalaya bus station and shop grounds, and dismantled the illegal booths which besides disturbing the public orderliness but also the public concerns loyalty; and 3) the implementation of the regulation was still unmaximized since there were no feasible locations to accommodate all the street vendors, the crowds and accessibility of Alun-alun or the city square caused the street vendors tend to ignore the rules, and there was some economic factors caused street vendors find the sustenance to meet their daily needs.
The Application of Group Investigation (GI) Method to Improve the Students’ Interpersonal Intelligence in Social Sciences Learning
Authors: Umami Fauzia
Published: July 2020

This background of this research was the lack of the students’ interpersonal intelligence of Class VIII-A at SMP Negeri 14 Bandung during the learning of social sciences, marked by several students experiencing difficulties to socialize with their peers and tend to homogenicly choose their groupmates in order to form a group consisting of only their close friends. The Social Sciences’ course teachers then applied Group Investigation (GI) method to improve the students’ interpersonal intelligence during the teaching of Social Sciences. Interpersonal intelligence is gravely needed by students in Social Sciences learning, because individuals with excellent interpersonal intelligence level area able to communicate well and not having any trouble in establishing relationships with others.  Based on the observation’s result, this research was conducted to further acknowledge how was the students of VIIIA’s interpersonal intelligence during Social Sciences learning process through application of Group Investigation method (GI). The research method used was descriptive qualitative with a data processing system which was suitable with the observation’s results during the application of Group Investigation (GI) method in Social Sciences in class VIII-A. The research results obtained showed that the application of Group Investigation (GI) method conducted by the teachers through topics selection by groups, planning, plan execution or action, analysis and evaluation, group presentations and evaluations in Social Sciences learning indicated changes in the students’ interpersonal intelligence in terms of communication and cooperation. That being said, a conclusion that the application of Group Investigation (GI) method in Social Sciences learning can inprove the students’ interpersonal intelligence.
The Role Paskibra Extracurricular in Developing Students` Social Skills
Authors: Astuti Rizky Dwi
Published: July 2020

This study aims to describe the role of Paskibra extracurricular in an effort to develop students' social skills seen from indicators of social skills, namely the ability to help each other, the ability to lead and be led, the ability to cooperate, the ability to respect others, the ability to obey rules (discipline), the ability to handle responsibility, the ability to convey opinion, the ability to be a responsive listener, and the ability to confidently ask questions. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research methods implemented at SMPN 45 Bandung. The data in this study were obtained from observation, interviews, documentation studies and literacy studies. The results of the study indicate that Paskibra can play a role in developing students' social skills through various activities carried out by Paskibra extracurricular, namely routine training activities that are able to develop responsible and disciplined attitudes; the activity of providing Paskibra materials that can foster a sense of love for the homeland and nationalism; the participation of students in competitions that can foster students to help each other, cooperate, and be brave; joint training activities that can train communication skills, confidence and mutual respect; Diklatsar activities that can develop the spirit of leadership and cooperation, as well as social service activities that can instill social caring and empathy. Participants students who follow Paskibra extracurricular have good social skills. This can be seen from the change in the positive attitude of students towards the surrounding environment.
Deterioro socioeconómico sectorial derivado de un incremento impositivo: el caso del sector veterinario español de animales de compañía
Authors: Gutiérrez Aragón Óscar , Barahona Márquez Félix , Berbel Giménez Gaspar
Published: July 2020

El sector veterinario de animales de compañía en España se vio afectado en el año 2012 por una subida al tipo impositivo general de IVA de 13 puntos porcentuales (del 8% al 21%). Concretamente dicho aumento causó un notable deterioro en diversos indicadores económicos y laborales del sector en los ejercicios subsiguientes (p.e. salario medio, tasa de estabilidad en el empleo, productividad). Así mismo, en esos ejercicios provocó deterioros en la recaudación fiscal relacionada directamente con el sector. Ante este escenario, y en aplicación de las teorías de Laffer, el presente estudio propugna que un retorno al tipo de gravamen reducido de IVA, contemplado por el Gobierno en estos momentos, que debería contribuir a mejorar la viabilidad económica de las empresas y las condiciones sociolaborales de los trabajadores veterinarios.
Economía de la salud: identificación de los principales productores, la especialización relativa de los países y temas
Authors: Moral-Munoz Jose A. , Moral-Munoz Carmen M. , Pacheco-Serrano Ana I. , Lucena-Anton David , Santisteban-Espejo Antonio
Published: July 2020

El área de investigación en economía de la salud tuvo una gran evolución a partir de la década de 1960 y está en constante crecimiento. Actualmente, el gasto en salud es un tema clave en todo el mundo. La bibliometría proporciona varios métodos para explorar el impacto y la evolución de la investigación. Así pues, el principal objetivo del presente estudio es comprender la situación actual de la investigación en materia de economía de la salud para el período 2010-2019. Se analizaron tres aspectos diferentes: la producción de los países, el índice de prioridad relativa y los temas principales. El conjunto de datos se obtuvo a partir de los documentos indizados en la base de datos Web of Science de 2010 a 2019. Se utilizó el software SciMAT para obtener el análisis temático mediante el análisis de mapas de la ciencia. Las revistas Health economics, Value in Health, Journal of Health Economics y European Journal of Health Economics son los principales productoras. Estados Unidos, Inglaterra y Alemania son los que tienen una mayor producción; los Países Bajos, Inglaterra y Australia son los que tienen el índice de prioridad relativa más alto. Los años de vida ajustados en función de la calidad y la desigualdad en materia de salud son los temas con mayor número de documentos y medidas de impacto. Este estudio es un marco útil basado en ciencia que servirá de base para futuras acciones de investigación.
RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES: APPLICATION POTENTIAL AND EFFIENCY
Authors: Balashov M. M.
Published: July 2020

At the international level, the problem of the need to increase the contribution of renewable energy sources to domestic electricity demand is highly relevant. Since the production of renewable energy sources is quite expensive, many countries are developing various state and market incentives for investment in such energy sources. One such incentive is renewable energy certificates. The role of these certificates in the development of global renewable energy markets is invaluable. They not only help businesses achieve their goals in the field of renewable energy, but also reduce consumer payments for other renewable energy development programs. This article analyzes the current trends in the use of renewable energy certificates in the world and identifies the prospects for their use in the Russian Federation. In addition, the author of the article studied the issue of cost-effectiveness of renewable certificates. In order to assess the positive economic impact of the application of the certification system, calculations have been made to reduce the financial burden on participants in the Wholesale Electricity and Power Market by taking into account the funds received from the sale of these certificates to reduce payments by market participants to generators based on renewable sources under the program of agreements on the provision of capacity for generating objects operating on the basis of renewable energy sources, from the date of the start of supply of electric energy and of the last planned facility until the date of the last payment under the power capacity agreement. In addition, the author of the article studied the need for renewable energy certificates not only to obtain reliable data on the use of renewable energy sources, but also to create efficient electricity markets using renewable energy sources around the world.