bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fortuitously compatible protein surfaces primed allosteric control in cyanobacterial photoprotection
Authors: Steube Niklas , Moldenhauer Marcus , Weiland Paul , Saman Dominik , Kilb Alexandra , Ramírez Rojas Adán A. , Garg Sriram G. , Schindler Daniel , Graumann Peter L. , Benesch Justin L. P. , Bange Gert , Friedrich Thomas , Hochberg Georg K. A.
Published: April 2023

Highly specific interactions between proteins are a fundamental prerequisite for life, but how they evolve remains an unsolved problem. In particular, interactions between initially unrelated proteins require that they evolve matching surfaces. It is unclear whether such surface compatibilities can only be built by selection in small incremental steps, or whether they can also emerge fortuitously. Here, we used molecular phylogenetics, ancestral sequence reconstruction and biophysical characterization of resurrected proteins to retrace the evolution of an allosteric interaction between two proteins that act in the cyanobacterial photoprotection system. We show that this interaction between the orange carotenoid protein (OCP) and its unrelated regulator, the fluorescence recovery protein (FRP), evolved when a precursor of FRP was horizontally acquired by cyanobacteria. FRP’s precursors could already interact with and regulate OCP even before these proteins first encountered each other in an ancestral cyanobacterium. The OCP–FRP interaction exploits an ancient dimer interface in OCP, which also predates the recruitment of FRP into the photoprotection system. Together, our work shows how evolution can fashion complex regulatory systems easily out of pre-existing components.
Multi-proxy constraints on Atlantic circulation dynamics since the last ice age
Authors: Pöppelmeier Frerk , Jeltsch-Thömmes Aurich , Lippold Jörg , Joos Fortunat , Stocker Thomas F.
Published: April 2023

Uncertainties persist in the understanding of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and its response to external perturbations such as freshwater or radiative forcing. Abrupt reduction of the Atlantic circulation is considered a climate tipping point that may have been crossed when Earth’s climate was propelled out of the last ice age. However, the evolution of the circulation since the Last Glacial Maximum (22–18 thousand years ago) remains insufficiently constrained due to model and proxy limitations. Here we leverage information from both a compilation of proxy records that track various aspects of the circulation and climate model simulations to constrain the Atlantic circulation over the past 20,000 years. We find a coherent picture of a shallow and weak Atlantic overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum that reconciles apparently conflicting proxy evidence. Model–data comparison of the last deglaciation—starting from this new, multiple constrained glacial state—indicates a muted response during Heinrich Stadial 1 and that water mass geometry did not fully adjust to the strong reduction in overturning circulation during the comparably short Younger Dryas period. This demonstrates that the relationship between freshwater forcing and Atlantic overturning strength is strongly dependent on the climatic and oceanic background state.
Ectopic expression of a mechanosensitive channel confers spatiotemporal resolution to ultrasound stimulations of neurons for visual restoration
Authors: Cadoni Sara , Demené Charlie , Alcala Ignacio , Provansal Matthieu , Nguyen Diep , Nelidova Dasha , Labernède Guillaume , Lubetzki Jules , Goulet Ruben , Burban Emma , Dégardin Julie , Simonutti Manuel , Gauvain Gregory , Arcizet Fabrice , Marre Olivier , Dalkara Deniz , Roska Botond , Sahel José Alain , Tanter Mickael , Picaud Serge
Published: April 2023

Remote and precisely controlled activation of the brain is a fundamental challenge in the development of brain–machine interfaces for neurological treatments. Low-frequency ultrasound stimulation can be used to modulate neuronal activity deep in the brain, especially after expressing ultrasound-sensitive proteins. But so far, no study has described an ultrasound-mediated activation strategy whose spatiotemporal resolution and acoustic intensity are compatible with the mandatory needs of brain–machine interfaces, particularly for visual restoration. Here we combined the expression of large-conductance mechanosensitive ion channels with uncustomary high-frequency ultrasonic stimulation to activate retinal or cortical neurons over millisecond durations at a spatiotemporal resolution and acoustic energy deposit compatible with vision restoration. The in vivo sonogenetic activation of the visual cortex generated a behaviour associated with light perception. Our findings demonstrate that sonogenetics can deliver millisecond pattern presentations via an approach less invasive than current brain–machine interfaces for visual restoration.
Prioritized mass spectrometry increases the depth, sensitivity and data completeness of single-cell proteomics
Authors: Huffman R. Gray , Leduc Andrew , Wichmann Christoph , Di Gioia Marco , Borriello Francesco , Specht Harrison , Derks Jason , Khan Saad , Khoury Luke , Emmott Edward , Petelski Aleksandra A. , Perlman David H. , Cox Jürgen , Zanoni Ivan , Slavov Nikolai
Published: April 2023

Major aims of single-cell proteomics include increasing the consistency, sensitivity and depth of protein quantification, especially for proteins and modifications of biological interest. Here, to simultaneously advance all these aims, we developed prioritized Single-Cell ProtEomics (pSCoPE). pSCoPE consistently analyzes thousands of prioritized peptides across all single cells (thus increasing data completeness) while maximizing instrument time spent analyzing identifiable peptides, thus increasing proteome depth. These strategies increased the sensitivity, data completeness and proteome coverage over twofold. The gains enabled quantifying protein variation in untreated and lipopolysaccharide-treated primary macrophages. Within each condition, proteins covaried within functional sets, including phagosome maturation and proton transport, similarly across both treatment conditions. This covariation is coupled to phenotypic variability in endocytic activity. pSCoPE also enabled quantifying proteolytic products, suggesting a gradient of cathepsin activities within a treatment condition. pSCoPE is freely available and widely applicable, especially for analyzing proteins of interest without sacrificing proteome coverage. Support for pSCoPE is available at http://scp.slavovlab.net/pSCoPE.
Hippocampal spatio-predictive cognitive maps adaptively guide reward generalization
Authors: Garvert Mona M. , Saanum Tankred , Schulz Eric , Schuck Nicolas W. , Doeller Christian F.
Published: April 2023

The brain forms cognitive maps of relational knowledge—an organizing principle thought to underlie our ability to generalize and make inferences. However, how can a relevant map be selected in situations where a stimulus is embedded in multiple relational structures? Here, we find that both spatial and predictive cognitive maps influence generalization in a choice task, where spatial location determines reward magnitude. Mirroring behavior, the hippocampus not only builds a map of spatial relationships but also encodes the experienced transition structure. As the task progresses, participants’ choices become more influenced by spatial relationships, reflected in a strengthening of the spatial map and a weakening of the predictive map. This change is driven by orbitofrontal cortex, which represents the degree to which an outcome is consistent with the spatial rather than the predictive map and updates hippocampal representations accordingly. Taken together, this demonstrates how hippocampal cognitive maps are used and updated flexibly for inference.
Reconstruction of incomplete X-ray diffraction pole figures of oligocrystalline materials using deep learning
Authors: Meier David , Ragunathan Rishan , Degener Sebastian , Liehr Alexander , Vollmer Malte , Niendorf Thomas , Sick Bernhard
Published: April 2023

X-ray diffraction crystallography allows non-destructive examination of crystal structures. Furthermore, it has low requirements regarding surface preparation, especially compared to electron backscatter diffraction. However, up to now, X-ray diffraction has been highly time-consuming in standard laboratory conditions since intensities on multiple lattice planes have to be recorded by rotating and tilting. Furthermore, examining oligocrystalline materials is challenging due to the limited number of diffraction spots. Moreover, commonly used evaluation methods for crystallographic orientation analysis need multiple lattice planes for a reliable pole figure reconstruction. In this article, we propose a deep-learning-based method for oligocrystalline specimens, i.e., specimens with up to three grains of arbitrary crystal orientations. Our approach allows faster experimentation due to accurate reconstructions of pole figure regions, which we did not probe experimentally. In contrast to other methods, the pole figure is reconstructed based on only a single incomplete pole figure. To speed up the development of our proposed method and for usage in other machine learning algorithms, we introduce a GPU-based simulation for data generation. Furthermore, we present a pole widths standardization technique using a custom deep learning architecture that makes algorithms more robust against influences from the experiment setup and material.
Energy transfer in Carreau Yasuda liquid influenced by engine oil with Magnetic dipole using tri-hybrid nanoparticles
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Ullah Ikram , Alam Mohammad Mahtab , Shah Syed Irfan , Eldin Sayed M.
Published: April 2023

The aim of the current analysis is to evaluate the significances of magnetic dipole and heat transmission through ternary hybrid Carreau Yasuda nanoliquid flow across a vertical stretching sheet. The ternary compositions of Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 nanoparticles (nps) in the Carreau Yasuda fluid are used to prepare the ternary hybrid nanofluid (Thnf). The heat transfer and velocity are observed in context of heat source/sink and Darcy Forchhemier effect. Mathematically, the flow scenario has been expressed in form of the nonlinear system of PDEs for fluid velocity and energy propagation. The obtained set of PDEs are transform into ODEs through suitable replacements. The obtained dimensionless equations are computationally solved with the help of the parametric continuation method. It has been observed that the accumulation of Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2-nps to the engine oil, improves the energy and momentum profiles. Furthermore, as compared to nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid, ternary hybrid nanofluid have a greater tendency to boost the thermal energy transfer. The fluid velocity lowers with the outcome of the ferrohydrodynamic interaction term, while enhances with the inclusion of nano particulates (Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2).
The immune cell landscape and response of Marek’s disease resistant and susceptible chickens infected with Marek’s disease virus
Authors: Warren Wesley C. , Rice Edward S. , Meyer Ashley , Hearn Cari J. , Steep Alec , Hunt Henry D. , Monson Melissa S. , Lamont Susan J. , Cheng Hans H.
Published: April 2023

Genetically resistant or susceptible chickens to Marek’s disease (MD) have been widely used models to identify the molecular determinants of these phenotypes. However, these prior studies lacked the basic identification and understanding of immune cell types that could be translated toward improved MD control. To gain insights into specific immune cell types and their responses to Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infection, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on splenic cells from MD resistant and susceptible birds. In total, 14,378 cells formed clusters that identified various immune cell types. Lymphocytes, specifically T cell subtypes, were the most abundant with significant proportional changes in some subtypes upon infection. The largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) response was seen in granulocytes, while macrophage DEGs differed in directionality by subtype and line. Among the most DEG in almost all immune cell types were granzyme and granulysin, both associated with cell-perforating processes. Protein interactive network analyses revealed multiple overlapping canonical pathways within both lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages. This initial estimation of the chicken immune cell type landscape and its accompanying response will greatly aid efforts in identifying specific cell types and improving our knowledge of host response to viral infection.
Photosynthetic efficiency of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seedlings in response to Ni and Cd stress
Authors: Dąbrowski Piotr , Keutgen Anna Jadwiga , Keutgen Norbert , Sierka Edyta , Baczewska-Dąbrowska Aneta Helena , Mojski Jacek , Pawluśkiewicz Bogumiła , Sieczko Leszek , Kalaji Hazem M.
Published: April 2023

Perennial ryegrass is a grass species used to establish lawns in urban areas where pollution is a major environmental problems. Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) contribute significantly to these pollutants and may cause photosynthetic limitation. The main objective of this work was to perform a comprehensive analysis of photosynthetic efficiency of perennial ryegrass seedlings under Cd and Ni stress. Some of the main indices of photosynthetic efficiency (prompt and delayed chlorophyll-a fluorescence signals and modulated reflectance at 820 nm) were compared with growth parameters. Two cultivars were tested: 'Niga' and 'Nira'. A decrease in photosystem (PS) II and PSI activity was observed. This was due to an increase in nonradiative dissipation of the PSII antenna, a decrease in PSII antenna size, or a decrease in the number of photosynthetic complexes with fully closed PSII RCs. Efficiency of electron transport was decreased. The effect on the modulated reflectance signal could indicate a restriction in electron flow from PSII to PSI. The correlation between photosynthetic efficiency parameters, such as Area, Fo, Fm, and Fv, and growth parameters, confirmed that some photosynthetic efficiency parameters can be used as indicators for early detection of heavy metal effects.
A novel method for ZnO@NiO core–shell nanoparticle synthesis using pulse laser ablation in liquid and plasma jet techniques
Authors: Imran Hadeel J. , Hubeatir Kadhim A. , Aadim Kadhim A.
Published: April 2023

Given their versatile nature and wide range of possible applications, core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention. This paper proposes a novel method for synthesizing ZnO@NiO core–shell nanoparticles using a hybrid technique. The characterization demonstrates the successful formation of ZnO@NiO core–shell nanoparticles, which have an average crystal size of 13.059 nm. The results indicate that the prepared NPs have excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This behavior is primarily caused by the accumulation of ZnO@NiO NPs on the bacteria's surface, which results in cytotoxic bacteria and a relatively increased ZnO, resulting in cell death. Moreover, the use of a ZnO@NiO core–shell material will prevent the bacteria from nourishing themselves in the culture medium, among many other reasons. Finally, the PLAL is an easily scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of NPs, and the prepared core–shell NPs could be used in other biological applications such as drug delivery, cancer treatment, and further biomedical functionalization.
Computational framework of cobalt ferrite and silver-based hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk and cone: a comparative study
Authors: Farooq Umar , Waqas Hassan , Fatima Nahid , Imran Muhammad , Noreen Sobia , Bariq Abdul , Akgül Ali , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: April 2023

The dominant characteristics of hybrid nanofluids, including rapid heat transfer rates, superior electrical and thermal conductivity, and low cost, have effectively piqued the interest of global researchers. The current study will look at the impacts of a silver and cobalt ferrite-based hybrid nanofluid with MHD between a revolving disk and cone. The collection of partial differentiable equations is converted into a set of ODEs via similarity transformations. We used the Homotopy analysis approach from the BVPh 2.0 package to solve the ordinary differential equations. The volume proportion of nanoparticles increases and the temperature distribution profile also increased. It is more efficient for metallurgical, medicinal, and electrical applications. Furthermore, the antibacterial capabilities of silver nanoparticles might be used to restrict the growth of bacteria. A circulating disc with a stationary cone has been identified to provide the optimal cooling of the cone disc device while maintaining the outer edge temperature constant. This study's findings might be useful in materials science and engineering. The usage of hybrid nanofluid in heat transfer and heat pumps, coolants in manufacturing and production, producing cooling, refrigerators, solar thermal collectors, and heating, air conditioning, and climate control applications are only a few examples.
Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies SLC35C1 as an immunological and prognostic biomarker
Authors: Xie Mingchen , Wang Fuxu , Chen Bing , Wu Zeyu , Chen Ci , Xu Jian
Published: April 2023

GDP-amylose transporter protein 1 (SLC35C1) plays an important role in many types of cancer. Therefore, it is clinically important to further investigate the expression profile of SLC35C1 in human tumors to provide new molecular clues for the pathogenesis of glioma. In this study, we performed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of SLC35C1 using a series of bioinformatics approaches and validated its differential tissue expression and biological function. The results showed that SLC35C1 was aberrantly expressed in different types of tumors and significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free interval (PFI). More importantly, the expression level of SLC35C1 was closely correlated with Tumor Microenvironment (TME), immune infiltration and immune-related genes. In addition, we found that SLC35C1 expression was also closely related to Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB), Microsatellite Instability (MSI) and antitumor drug sensitivity in various cancer types. Functional bioinformatics analysis indicated that SLC35C1 may be involved in multiple signaling pathways and biological processes in glioma. Based on SLC35C1 expression, a risk factor model was found to predict OS of glioma. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that SLC35C1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasive ability of glioma cells, while SLC35C1 overexpression promoted proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation of glioma cells. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that SLC35C1 was highly expressed in gliomas.
Characteristics and response of subretinal hyperreflective material to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in myopic choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Huang Chien-Jung , Hsia Yun , Wang Shih-Wen , Ma I.-Hsin , Tsui Mei-Chi , Hung Kuo-Chi , Ho Tzyy-Chang
Published: April 2023

This retrospective study evaluated the characteristics and response of subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The visual acuity (VA) was assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months after initiating anti-VEGF treatment in 116 patients (119 eyes) with SHRM and myopic CNV. Multimodal imaging, including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), were performed. We compared type 2 neovascularization (NV) (n = 64), subretinal hyperreflective exudation (SHE) (n = 37), NV with hemorrhage (n = 15), and fibrosis (n = 3). The type 2 NV group, and NV with hemorrhage groups showed significant VA improvement after 12 months of treatment (p < 0.05 in both groups); the SHE group failed to show improvement (p = 0.366). All groups showed a significant reduction in central foveal thickness after 12 months of treatment (all p < 0.05). The SHE group had a significantly higher incidence of interrupted ellipsoid zone than the other groups (p < 0.05). Myopic CNV can present as SHRM on OCT-A. Visual prognoses vary in different SHRM types. OCT-A and FA may help predict the outcomes of different subtypes of myopic CNV. SHE is predictive of outer retinal layer atrophy in patients with various SHRM types.
Seismic performance of a new precast concrete frame joint with a built-in disc spring
Authors: Chen Qi , Qin Yongjun , Xie Yi , Yang Chen
Published: April 2023

A new, precast concrete frame beam-column connection is designed in this research. The connection adopts the assembly mode of the precast column and seam area jointly to maintain the integrity of the joint area and increase the assembly efficiency. Based on the conventional grouting sleeve connection, a disc spring device is constructed on the beam end to improve the ductility of the joint. Ten connecting specimens were tested under low cyclic loads, including two monolithic connections, four ordinary precast connections, and four new precast connections. The test parameters included the joint type and axial pressure ratio, and the difference in the seismic performance was determined by evaluating the failure mode, hysteresis characteristics, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation, and shear deformation of the joint area. Compared to monolithic connections, conventional precast connections display similar hysteresis characteristics. Although their ductility is slightly lower, their bearing capacity is higher. Compared with the previous two connections, the new connection with the built-in disc spring device has superior seismic performance. The axial pressure ratio is a significant aspect in determining the failure mode of the precast connection, and the specimen exhibits less shear damage at a larger axial pressure ratio.
Squid Game Optimizer (SGO): a novel metaheuristic algorithm
Authors: Azizi Mahdi , Baghalzadeh Shishehgarkhaneh Milad , Basiri Mahla , Moehler Robert C.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, Squid Game Optimizer (SGO) is proposed as a novel metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the primary rules of a traditional Korean game. Squid game is a multiplayer game with two primary objectives: attackers aim to complete their goal while teams try to eliminate each other, and it is usually played on large, open fields with no set guidelines for size and dimensions. The playfield for this game is often shaped like a squid and, according to historical context, appears to be around half the size of a standard basketball court. The mathematical model of this algorithm is developed based on a population of solution candidates with a random initialization process in the first stage. The solution candidates are divided into two groups of offensive and defensive players while the offensive player goes among the defensive players to start a fight which is modeled through a random movement toward the defensive players. By considering the winning states of the players of both sides which is calculated based on the objective function, the position updating process is conducted and the new position vectors are produced. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed SGO algorithm, 25 unconstrained mathematical test functions with 100 dimensions are used, alongside six other commonly used metaheuristics for comparison. 100 independent optimization runs are conducted for both SGO and the other algorithms with a pre-determined stopping condition to ensure statistical significance of the results. Statistical metrics such as mean, standard deviation, and mean of required objective function evaluations are calculated. To provide a more comprehensive analysis, four prominent statistical tests including the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests are used. Meanwhile, the ability of the suggested SGOA is assessed through the cutting-edge real-world problems on the newest CEC like CEC 2020, while the SGO demonstrate outstanding performance in dealing with these complex optimization problems. The overall assessment of the SGO indicates that the proposed algorithm can provide competitive and remarkable outcomes in both benchmark and real-world problems.
Prevalence and types of anemia among people with tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abaynew Yeshewas , Ali Ahmed , Taye Girma , Shenkut Melese
Published: April 2023

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) and anemia are public health problems related with high morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, anemia is frequently manifested among people with TB in Africa, prevalence ranging from 25 to 99%. The presence of anemia is associated with an increase in individuals’ susceptibility to TB and poor treatment outcomes. Studies have reported heterogeneous estimate of prevalence of anemia among people with TB in Africa. This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia among newly diagnosed people with TB n Africa. We searched studies in Medline/PubMed, Cochrane library, ScienceDirect, JBI database, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, WorldCat, Open Grey, Scopus, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, ProQuest, and African Journals Online that reported the prevalence of anemia at TB diagnosis. Two reviewers performed data extraction with pre-defined inclusion criteria. A random-effects logistic regression model was used to pool the prevalence of anemia and levels of anemia with a 95% confidence interval (CI) in STATA version 14. Heterogeneity and publication biases were explored. A total of 1408 studies were initially identified, and seventeen studies with 4555 people with TB were included in the analysis. The prevalence of anemia among people with TB in Africa was 69% (95% CI 60.57–77.51). The pooled prevalence of anemia of chronic disease was 48% (95% CI 13.31–82.75) and normocytic normochromic anemia was 32% (95% CI 13.74–50.94) while mild anemia was 34% (95% CI 20.44–46.86). Females were more anemic than males at TB diagnosis in Africa (74% vs. 66%). The finding indicates that anemia is a common co-morbidity present among people with TB, especially among females. Mild anemia and normocytic normochromic anemia were more common at TB diagnosis. The finding indicates that anemia is a common co-morbidity present among people with TB in Africa region. Hence, it is recommended to instigate a routine anemia screening at TB diagnosis to improve treatment outcomes.
Morphologies and composition changes in nonculprit subclinical atherosclerosis in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent long-term statin therapy
Authors: Meng Pei-na , Nong Jia-cong , Xu Yi , You Wei , Xu Tian , Wu Xiang-qi , Wu Zhi-ming , Tao Bi-lin , Guo Ya-jie , Yin De-lu , Jia Hai-bo , Yang Song , Ye Fei
Published: April 2023

Although patients are undergoing similar lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) with statins, the outcomes of coronary plaque in diabetic mellitus (DM) and non-DM patients are different. Clinical data of 239 patients in this observational study with acute coronary syndrome was from our previous randomized trial were analyzed at 3 years, and 114 of them underwent OCT detection at baseline and the 1-year follow-up were re-anlayzed by a novel artificial intelligence imaging software for nonculprit subclinical atherosclerosis (nCSA). Normalized total atheroma volume changes (ΔTAVn) of nCSA were the primary endpoint. Plaque progression (PP) was defined as any increase in ΔTAVn. DM patients showed more PP in nCSA (ΔTAVn; 7.41 (− 2.82, 11.85) mm3 vs. − 1.12 (− 10.67, 9.15) mm3, p = 0.009) with similar reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline to 1-year. The main reason is that the lipid component in nCSA increases in DM patients and non-significantly decreases in non-DM patients, which leads to a significantly higher lipid TAVn (24.26 (15.05, 40.12) mm3 vs. 16.03 (6.98, 26.54) mm3, p = 0.004) in the DM group than in the non-DM group at the 1-year follow-up. DM was an independent predictor of PP in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.731, 95% CI 1.160–6.428, p = 0.021). Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) related to nCSA at 3 years were higher in the DM group than in the non-DM group (9.5% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.027). Despite a comparable reduction in LDL-C levels after LLT, more PP with an increase in the lipid component of nCSA and a higher incidence of MACEs at the 3-year follow-up was observed in DM patients.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. identifier: NCT02140801.
Effects of sugammadex versus neostigmine on postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia in adult patients:a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Ju Jae-Woo , Hwang In Eob , Cho Hye-Yeon , Yang Seong Mi , Kim Won Ho , Lee Ho-Jin
Published: April 2023

We aimed to compare the effect of sugammadex to that of neostigmine with respect to the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during the first 24 h following general anesthesia. This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia in 2020 at an academic medical center in Seoul, South Korea. The exposure groups were determined according to whether the patient received sugammadex or neostigmine as a reversal agent. The primary outcome was PONV occurrence during the first 24 h postoperatively (overall). The association between the type of reversal agent and primary outcome was investigated using logistic regression while adjusting for confounding variables using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW). Of the 10,912 patients included in this study, 5,918 (54.2%) received sugammadex. Sugammadex was associated with a significantly lower incidence of overall PONV (15.8% vs. 17.7%; odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–0.97; P = 0.010) after sIPTW. In conclusion, compared with neostigmine/glycopyrrolate, sugammadex use has a lower risk of PONV during the first 24 h following general anesthesia.
Mechanism of a rabbit monoclonal antibody broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Guo Hangtian , Yang Yixuan , Zhao Tiantian , Lu Yuchi , Gao Yan , Li Tinghan , Xiao Hang , Chu Xiaoyu , Zheng Le , Li Wanting , Cheng Hao , Huang Haibin , Liu Yang , Lou Yang , Nguyen Henry C. , Wu Chao , Chen Yuxin , Yang Haitao , Ji Xiaoyun
Published: April 2023

Due to the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the Omicron variant has emerged and exhibits severe immune evasion. The high number of mutations at key antigenic sites on the spike protein has made a large number of existing antibodies and vaccines ineffective against this variant. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient broad-spectrum neutralizing therapeutic drugs. Here we characterize a rabbit monoclonal antibody (RmAb) 1H1 with broad-spectrum neutralizing potency against Omicron sublineages including BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.2.75, BA.3 and BA.4/5. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure determination of the BA.1 spike-1H1 Fab complexes shows that 1H1 targets a highly conserved region of RBD and avoids most of the circulating Omicron mutations, explaining its broad-spectrum neutralization potency. Our findings indicate 1H1 as a promising RmAb model for designing broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies and shed light on the development of therapeutic agents as well as effective vaccines against newly emerging variants in the future.
In situpost-synthesis of luminescent Lewis acid–base adducts
Authors: Ji Sichao , Xue Qin , Xie Guohua
Published: April 2023

In situpost-synthesis of luminescent Lewis acid–base adductsviainkjet printing is elaborately featured. The applications of this technology were exemplified and compared.
Spontaneous symmetry-breaking of the active cluster drives the directed movement and self-sustained oscillation of symmetric rod-like passive particles
Authors: Lan Ying , Xu Man , Xie Jinjiang , Yang Yuehua , Jiang Hongyuan
Published: April 2023

Active particles without detailed balance can rectify their random motions to drive the directed movement or rotation of asymmetric passive obstacles.
Data augmentation method based on the Gaussian kernel density for glioma diagnosis with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Li Qingbo , Wang Jianwen , Zhou Yan
Published: April 2023

In this study, a data augmentation algorithm GKIM based on the Gaussian kernel density is proposed for the data augmentation of normal tissue spectra. It can effectively solve the class imbalance problem.
Semi-automated and efficient parallel SELEX of aptamers for multiple targets
Authors: Jiang Meng , Fang Xiaona , Diao Han , Lv Shaokang , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Xiang , Chen Zhiwei , Luo Zhaofeng
Published: April 2023

In this study, we constructed and optimized a semi-automatic instrument to perform aptamer SELEX targeting multiple proteins simultaneously.
Organic room-temperature phosphorescence materials for bioimaging
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Li Hairong , Yang Mengdie , Dai Wenbo , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Cai Zhengxu , Wang Zhouyu , Dong Yuping , Yu Xiaoqi
Published: April 2023

Organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are currently the focus of research in the field of bioimaging. High performance of RTP materials and optimization in the preparation process of RTP nanoparticles are both important.
Quantifying methyl tunneling induced (de)coherence of nitroxides in glassy ortho-terphenyl at low temperatures
Authors: Eggeling Andrea , Soetbeer Janne , Fábregas-Ibáñez Luis , Klose Daniel , Jeschke Gunnar
Published: April 2023

Methyl tunneling induces echo modulations which include information on the local environment by a rotation barrier distribution.
In situconstruction of WNiM–WNi LDH (M = Se, S, or P) with heterostructure as highly efficient electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and urea oxidation reaction
Authors: Zhang Chenyi , Du Xiaoqiang , Zhang Xiaoshuang , Wang Yanhong , Hu Tuoping
Published: April 2023

The structural engineering of complex WNiM–WNi LDH (M = Se, S, or P) was firstly developed byin situgrowth on Ni foam and subsequent selenization, sulfation and phosphorization for use in overall water splitting and the urea oxidation reaction.
Post-synthetic modification (PSM) of MOFs with an ionic polymer for efficient adsorptive removal of methylene blue from water
Authors: Fan Hao , Zhang Zhufeng , Chen Yingjie , Wang Ziquan , Wen Huimin , Tian Shilin , Chen Siyu , Zhao Huaixia , He Yiyan , Wang Yangxin
Published: April 2023

UiO-66-NH2is functionalized with an ionic polymer through a post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategy for efficient adsorptive removal of methylene blue from water.
Protective effect and mechanism ofLycium ruthenicumpolyphenols against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Pang Yufei , Chen Jingxin , Yang Jianjun , Xue Yanzhong , Gao Hua , Gao Qinghan
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects ofLycium ruthenicumpolyphenols (LRP) against acrylamide (ACR)-induced neurotoxicity and the mechanism of actionin vitroandin vivo.
Droplet-based microfluidic platform for viscosity measurement over extended concentration range
Authors: Cochard-Marchewka Paul , Bremond Nicolas , Baudry Jean
Published: April 2023

Droplet-based microfluidic platform for viscosity measurement over extended concentration range.
Thermal transport in metal-NbOx-metal cross-point devices and its effect on threshold switching characteristics
Authors: Nath Shimul Kanti , Nandi Sanjoy Kumar , Das Sujan Kumar , Liang Yan , Elliman Robert G.
Published: April 2023

The thickness and thermal conductivity of electrodes are shown to have a direct impact on the volatile threshold switching characteristics of NbOx-based memristors due to their effect on the temperature of the active volume.
Optimal shapes of disk assembly in saturated random packings
Authors: Huang Zhaohui , Deng Wei , Zhang Shixuan , Li Shuixiang
Published: April 2023

Isosceles circulo-triangle and unclosed ring shapes are foundviaa genetic algorithm for the maximal and minimal density of saturated random packings, respectively.
Quasi‐fixed frequency controlled phase modulation LCC resonant converter with a wide power range
Authors: Feng Ying , Kong Dejun
Published: April 2023

The research on LCC resonant converters has become increasingly popular since the application of the zero‐voltage switching can improve the transmission ability and ensure the high efficiency of the power supplies. In this article, a novel quasi‐definite frequency‐based modulation control method to extend the excellent properties of LCC resonators to a wide range of powers is introduced. By adjusting the frequency and phase in a bidirectional manner in accordance with the design law, excellent output performance can be maintained over a wide power range, which is overcome by adjusting the switching frequency and phase separately in conventional modulation methods. In order to justify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation control method, a simulation and experimental platform of LCC resonators using the proposed modulation method was performed. Simulation and experimental results can effectively demonstrate the performance of the proposed modulation control method for a variety of input voltage and output power cases, and the efficiency of the LCC converters will be improved in higher power systems.
Improving fault ride‐through capability for doubly‐fed induction generator based on improved system structure and corresponding control scheme
Authors: Xian Long , Wu Lizhen , Zhang Xiaoying , Pei TingTing
Published: April 2023

Although there are many methods to improve the fault ride‐through (FRT) capability of doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) systems at present, each method has its shortcomings, especially the applicability under different voltage dips (VDs), so an improved system structure with a dynamic switching topology and a corresponding control scheme is proposed. Based on the mechanism analysis that the series impedance of the stator can effectively reduce the overcurrent on the rotor side, and considering the feasibility of the FRT scheme in engineering, the dynamic switching topology is designed. The selection of theoretical parameters in different cases is also analysed and designed. Simultaneously, to cooperate with the hardware measures, the control scheme of the rotor side converter (RSC) under different conditions is also improved. The RSC can use the control scheme of active flux attenuation to effectively and quickly reduce the overcurrent on the rotor side, and use reactive power support to accelerate the voltage recovery. The novelty of the FRT scheme is that the scheme can dynamically adjust the topology structure and control scheme under different voltage dips. Thus, its ride‐through performance during fault is better under different conditions. A simulation model of the improved system structure and control scheme is built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Through the comparison of simulation data, the validity and correctness of the proposed FRT scheme are verified.
Meet‐in‐the‐middle attacks on round‐reduced CRAFT based on automatic search
Authors: Ma Zhangjun , Li Manman , Chen Shaozhen
Published: April 2023

CRAFT is a lightweight block cipher designed by Beierle et al. to effectively resist differential fault attacks at fast software encryption 2019. In this article, Demirci‐Selçuk meet‐in‐the‐middle (DS‐MITM) attacks on round‐reduced CRAFT based on automatic search are proposed. A DS‐MITM automatic search model for CRAFT was constructed, and then, the automatic search model was used to detect a 9‐round DS‐MITM distinguisher. The strong relations between the round‐subtweakeys were observed and the key‐dependent sieve technique was adopted to reduce the memory complexity of the attack. Based on the 9‐round distinguisher, a 19‐round DS‐MITM attack can be presented. Due to the strong key relations, the time complexity can be reduced by the key‐bridging technique and the equivalent round‐subtweakey. The time complexity of the 19‐round DS‐MITM attack is 2114.68 19‐round CRAFT encryption, the data complexity is 256 chosen plaintexts, and the memory complexity is 2109 64‐bit blocks. Adding one round to the end of the 19‐round DS‐MITM attack, a 20‐round DS‐MITM attack can be proposed. The time complexity of the 20‐round attack is 2126.94 20‐round CRAFT encryption, the data complexity is 256 chosen plaintexts, and the memory complexity is 2109 64‐bit blocks.
The cosmic web of X-ray active galactic nuclei seen through the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Comparat Johan , Luo Wentao , Merloni Andrea , More Surhud , Salvato Mara , Krumpe Mirko , Miyaji Takamitsu , Brandt William , Georgakakis Antonis , Akiyama Masayuki , Buchner Johannes , Dwelly Tom , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Liu Teng , Nagao Tohru , Nandra Kirpal , Silverman John , Toba Yoshiki , Anderson Scott F. , Kollmeier Juna
Published: April 2023

Which galaxies in the general population turn into active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is a keystone of galaxy formation and evolution. Thanks to SRG/eROSITA’s contiguous 140 square degree pilot survey field, we constructed a large, complete, and unbiased soft X-ray flux-limited (FX > 6.5 × 10−15erg s−1cm−2) AGN sample at low redshift, 0.05 < z < 0.55. Two summary statistics, the clustering using spectra from SDSS-V and galaxy-galaxy lensing with imaging from HSC, are measured and interpreted with halo occupation distribution and abundance matching models. Both models successfully account for the observations. We obtain an exceptionally complete view of the AGN halo occupation distribution. The population of AGNs is broadly distributed among halos with a mean mass of 3.9−2.4+2.0 × 1012 M⊙. This corresponds to a large-scale halo bias ofb(z = 0.34) = 0.99−0.10+0.08. The central occupation has a large transition parameter,σlog10(M) = 1.28 ± 0.2. The satellite occupation distribution is characterized by a shallow slope,αsat = 0.73 ± 0.38. We find that AGNs in satellites are rare, withfsat < 20%. Most soft X-ray-selected AGNs are hosted by central galaxies in their dark matter halo. A weak correlation between soft X-ray luminosity and large-scale halo bias is confirmed (3.3σ). We discuss the implications of environmental-dependent AGN triggering. This study paves the way toward fully charting, in the coming decade, the coevolution of X-ray AGNs, their host galaxies, and dark matter halos by combining eROSITA with SDSS-V, 4MOST, DESI, LSST, andEucliddata.
Black hole mergers as tracers of spinning massive black hole and galaxy populations in the OBELISK simulation
Authors: Dong-Páez Chi An , Volonteri Marta , Beckmann Ricarda S. , Dubois Yohan , Trebitsch Maxime , Mangiagli Alberto , Vergani Susanna D. , Webb Natalie A.
Published: April 2023

Massive black hole (BH) mergers will be key targets of future gravitational wave and electromagnetic observational facilities. In order to constrain BH evolution with the information extracted from BH mergers, one must take into account the complex relationship between the population of merging BHs and the global BH population. We analysed the high-resolution cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulation OBELISK, run to redshift z = 3.5, to study the properties of the merging BH population, and its differences with the underlying global BH population in terms of BH and galaxy properties. In post-processing, we calculated dynamical delays between the merger in the simulation at the resolution limit and the actual coalescence well below the resolution scale. We find that merging BHs are hosted in relatively massive galaxies with stellar mass M* ≳ 109 M⊙. Given that galaxy mass is correlated with other BH and galaxy properties, BH mergers tend to also have a higher total BH mass and higher BH accretion rates than the global population of main BHs. These differences generally disappear if the merger population is compared with a BH population sampled with the same galaxy mass distribution as merger hosts. Galaxy mergers can temporarily boost the BH accretion rate and the host’s star formation rate, which can remain active at the BH merger if sub-resolution delays are not taken into account. When dynamical delays are taken into account, the burst has generally faded by the time the BHs merge. BH spins are followed self-consistently in the simulation under the effect of accretion and BH mergers. We find that merging BHs have higher spins than the global population, but similar or somewhat lower spins compared to a mass-matched sample. For our sample, mergers tend to decrease the spin of the final BH remnant.
The formation history of our Galaxy’s nuclear stellar disc constrained from HST observations of the Quintuplet field
Authors: Schödel R. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Hosek M. , Do T. , Lu J. , Martínez Arranz A. , Ghez A. , Rich R. M. , Gardini A. , Gallego-Cano E. , Cano González M. , Gallego-Calvente A. T.
Published: April 2023

Context. Until recently it was thought that the nuclear stellar disc at the centre of our Galaxy was formed via quasi-continuous star formation over billions of years. However, an analysis of GALACTICNUCLEUS survey data indicates that > 80% of the mass of the stellar disc formed at least 8 Gyr ago and about 5% roughly 1 Gyr ago.

Aims. Our aim is to derive new constraints on the formation history of the nuclear stellar disc.

Methods. We analysed a catalogue of HST/WFC3-IR observations of the Quintuplet cluster field. From this catalogue, we selected about 24 000 field stars that probably belong to the nuclear stellar disc. We used red clump giants to deredden the sample and fit the resulting F153M luminosity function with a linear combination of theoretical luminosity functions created from different stellar evolutionary models.

Results. We find that ≳70% of the stellar population in the nuclear disc probably formed more than 10 Gyr ago, while ∼15% formed in an event (or series of events) ∼1 Gyr ago. Up to 10% of the stars appear to have formed in the past tens to hundreds of Myr. These results do not change significantly for reasonable variations in the assumed mean metallicity, sample selection, reddening correction, or stellar evolutionary models.

Conclusions. We confirm previous work that changed the formation paradigm for stars in the Galactic Centre. The nuclear stellar disc is indeed a very old structure. There seems to have been little star formation activity between its formation and about 1 Gyr ago.
Optimal borel measure-valued controls to the viscous Cahn–Hilliard–Oberbeck–Boussinesq phase-field system on two-dimensional bounded domains
Authors: Peralta Gilbert
Published: April 2023

We consider an optimal control problem for the two-dimensional viscous Cahn-Hilliard-Ober beck-Boussinesq system with controls that take values in the space of regular Borel measures. The state equation models the interaction between two incompressible non-isothermal viscous fluids. Local distributed controls with constraints are applied in either of the equations governing the dynamics for the concentration, mean velocity, and temperature. Necessary and sufficient conditions characterizing local optimality in terms of the Lagrangian will be demonstrated. These conditions will be obtained through regularity results for the associated adjoint system, a priori estimates for the solutions of the linearized system in a weaker norm compared to that of the state space, and the Lebesgue decomposition of Borel measures.