bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spiritualisme Tasawuf dan Alternatif atas Problematik Modern: Sebuah Penjajakan Awal
Authors: Syarif Edwin
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the relationship between Sufi spirituality and modern problem-solving through an initial examination of Sufism's contributions in a contemporary context. Sufism, as the mystical dimension of Islam, offers a profound spiritual approach to addressing various life challenges. In the modern context, where complex issues such as alienation, identity crises, and materialism often disrupt mental and spiritual well-being, Sufi spirituality can provide significant alternatives. The paper investigates the core principles of Sufism, such as the emphasis on closeness to God, purification of the soul, and achieving inner balance, and how these principles can be applied to address various modern problems. Sufism teaches methods for attaining inner peace through spiritual practices such as dhikr (remembrance of God), contemplation, and self-discipline, which can help individuals cope with stress, anxiety, and dissatisfaction commonly experienced in modern life. The paper also highlights practical examples of how Sufi communities around the world have integrated their teachings with contemporary challenges and how they contribute to individual and social well-being. Through an analytical approach and case studies, this paper aims to provide insights into the potential of Sufi spirituality as an effective alternative for addressing modern issues and offers a foundation for further exploration of Sufism’s relevance and application in contemporary contexts.
Imam Khameini: Filsafat Politik Islam, Vilayat-e Faqih, dan Demokrasi Sejati
Authors: Thaha Idris
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the political thought of Imam Khamenei, focusing on Islamic political philosophy, the concept of Vilayat-e Faqih, and its relationship to true democracy. Imam Khamenei, as the leader of the Iranian Islamic Revolution and a staunch proponent of Vilayat-e Faqih, offers profound insights into political governance based on Islamic teachings. The paper will first explain Imam Khamenei’s Islamic political philosophy, emphasizing principles of justice, Sharia-based leadership, and the central role of scholars in governance. It will then discuss the concept of Vilayat-e Faqih, the principle of clerical leadership with authority to govern society based on Islamic law. Vilayat-e Faqih is a crucial foundation of the Iranian political system and central to Imam Khamenei’s thought. Next, the paper will explore the relationship between Vilayat-e Faqih and true democracy from Imam Khamenei’s perspective. Although it appears different from Western democratic concepts, Imam Khamenei argues that the Islamic political system implemented through Vilayat-e Faqih can embody the principles of true democracy by emphasizing popular participation and the enforcement of justice. Through a thorough analysis of Imam Khamenei’s political thought, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Islamic political philosophy, the concept of Vilayat-e Faqih, and the principles of true democracy interact and influence one another within the framework of contemporary politics.
Reintegrasi Ilmu
Authors: Kartanegara Rd. Mulyadhi
Published: August 2024

Tuhan telah memberi kita pilihan, bahkan pilihan untuk beriman atau ingkar kepada-Nya. Apapun pilihan akhirnya, kita harus bertanggungjawab terhadapnya, dalam arti menanggung segala konsekuensi, termasuk implikasinya terhadap pandangan dunia dan keilmuan kita.
Pemikiran Ontologi dalam Filsafat Mulla Shadra
Authors: Fakhruddin Fakhruddin
Published: August 2024

Tulisan ini ingin mencoba untuk menyingkap sekelumit pemikiran filsafat Mulla Shadra, khususnya tentang wahdat al-wujud, ashālat al-wujūd, taskīk al-wujūd dan al-harakah al-jawhariyyah.
Tafsir Al-Bayān Karya Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy (Sebuah Telaah Awal Corak Tafsir di Indonesia)
Authors: Zaimudin Zaimudin
Published: August 2024

Tulisan ini mengupas secara sistematis dan metodologis beberapa segi dari salah satu karya tafsir di Indonesia, yakni Tafsir al-Bayān karya Hasbi Ash-Shiddiqie.
Menilik Wacana Cendekiawan tentang Cendekiawan
Authors: Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman
Published: August 2024

Barangkali kesan pertama yang diperoleh ketika membaca buku Cendekiawan dan Kekuasaan dalam Negara Orde Baru karya Daniel Dhakidae ini adalah keseriuasan. Betama tidak, buku ini tergolong telah lebih dari 800 halaman.
Melacak Akar Teori Martabat Tujuh
Authors: Sajaroh Wiwi Siti
Published: August 2024

This writing analyzes the roots of the Seven Degrees. Linguistically, “martabat tujuh” translates to seven levels or stages. In terms of terminology, the Seven Degrees is a theory used to explain the occurrence of the universe within the framework of an emanation system. Despite being presented in various forms and versions, the theory is inherently monistic and is based on the same worldview, namely that the visible world flows from the Ultimate Singular. Upon examination, the systematic nature of the Seven Degrees can be traced back to Muhammad Ibnu Fadlillah al-Burhanpuri (d. 1620).
Fenomena al-Qur’an: Tafsir Integral Malik Bennabi
Authors: Husnan Usman Syihab
Published: August 2024

This article delves into the pattern of interpretation or approach taken by Malik Bennabi in understanding the Qur'an. Malik Bennabi's approach to revelation is integral in nature. By examining Malik's work, "The Phenomenon of the Qur'an," Usman draws the conclusion that Malik Bennabi successfully provided a mature response to the challenges posed by Western philosophy and thought in viewing the Qur'an. By positioning the Qur'anic revelation as an objective phenomenon that transcends all historical contexts and various forms of socio-cultural backgrounds, Malik Bennabi was able to address Orientalists who denied and sought to sow doubts about the truth of the Qur'an as the revelation of God. Malik Bennabi responded to Margelyouth (an English Orientalist) and his colleagues who regarded the Qur'an as a product of Prophet Muhammad or a copy of the Torah and the Gospel, or who claimed that the Qur'an was influenced by both of these covenant books. Through his work, Malik Bennabi also indirectly rejected the philology of Christoph Luxenberg (a German Orientalist) who came much later, accusing the Qur'an of being originally written in Aramaic rather than Arabic.
Teologi Pembebasan Masyarakat Sekuler: Refleksi Pemikiran Harvey Cox
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Nuh
Published: August 2024

This article examines the background of the emergence of liberation theology within secular society. The rapid advancement of Western civilization, particularly its profound impact on value systems and religion, has become a topic of discussion in Christian theology, as Christianity is the religion most closely associated with the development of modern Western society. Conservative theologians view such phenomena as inherently negative and continue to uphold orthodoxy. Meanwhile, some taking a liberal approach see it as a positive reality. The process of secularization is not viewed as inherently antagonistic to the existence of religion, but rather as a sign of progress in human consciousness that is fundamentally rooted in the Bible. Figures such as Friedrich Gogarten, Rudolf Bultmann, John A.T. Robinson, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer, including Harvey Cox, belong to the latter group. Among these figures, Harvey Cox is the most outspoken proponent of secularization theology, particularly in his monumental work: “The Secular City: Secularization and Urbanization in Theological Perspective” (1965).
Manusia Sempurna: Studi atas Konsep Manusia Multi Dimensi Menurut Murtadha Muthahhari
Authors: Syamsuri Syamsuri
Published: August 2024

This article discusses Murtadha Muthahhari’s ideas about the perfect or multidimensional human and the methods to develop these dimensions to attain the status of a perfect human. Murtadha Muthahhari argues that humans consist of two main elements, namely the individual and personality (body and soul, or physical and mental). These two elements have very different qualities and characteristics. The soul element is eternal and always drives humans to do good, maintain purity and honor, and always desire closeness to God. Meanwhile, the bodily or physical element, in contrast to the soul element, drives humans to fulfill material needs and tends towards lowliness, degradation, and even distance from God.
The Qur’an and The Big Bang Theory: Regarding How Science Converges Divine Revelation on the Creation, Persistence, and Destruction of The Universe
Authors: D’Fahmi Mu’adz
Published: August 2024

This article seeks to find a synthesis between scientific discoveries (astronomical study) and the exposition of the Qur’an (Qur’anic study) by presenting theories of the Big Bang.
Takwil Tradition in Malay Literary Works: Islamic Spiritual Insights in Danarto’s Nostalgia
Authors: Ubaedillah Achmad
Published: August 2024

This article addresses the notion of the practice of allegory accomplished by Danarto, one of Indonesian writers whose literary works express much Islamic spirituality through non-Islamic characters. Like Malay Sufi writers, allegorically Danarto uses Hindu Javanese characters in his short story, Nostalgia, to express his spiritual notion. Such practice of using symbolic expression has been well known among Koran interpreters (Mufasir) and Sufi masters (Saalik) as Takwil. In this regard, Danarto expresses his spiritual account through symbolic figures used in Hindu-Javanese tradition of the Mahabharata, such as Arjuna, Kresna, Bisma, Abimanyu, and Sembadra. Different from Malay Muslim writers who used Malay Islam spiritual terms and analogies, Danarto uses those Hindu symbolic figures to express his spiritual journey rooted in Javanese culture where syncretism of various values, especially Islam, is obvious over time. His literary endeavor is part of that long tradition of Takwil practices in Malay religious works, which are substantially identified as Islamic pantheism.
Perilaku Politik Jawara Banten: Cermin Buram Civil Society
Authors: Abrori Ahmad
Published: August 2024

For a long time, Indonesia has been an interesting locus of study regarding the relationship between tradition and modernity. By taking the case study of the Banten champions, this paper reveals the dominance of the Banten champions (rooted in local tradition) over modern devices such as bureaucracy, mass organizations, political parties, and business-oriented institutions. As a sociopolitical study, this research examines the role of champions in attempting to obtain and maintain their dominance in the Banten region. They spread the slogan "Defend Yourself, Defend the Nation, Defend the State" to the community. This slogan is nothing but a reflection of the knowledge, beliefs, and value systems they adhere to, which serve as a reference for their behavior in society, which is actually counterproductive to the establishment of civil society.
Masyarakat Madani: Sebuah Keniscayaan
Authors: Nawiruddin Nawiruddin
Published: August 2024

Civil society, or civil society, is an autonomous society capable of balancing the arbitrariness of elites who dominate state power. Therefore, the existence of civil society is a necessity for a democratic country. Democracy and civil society are two correlated entities. Democracy can only be upheld in civil society, and civil society cannot exist in a non-democratic society. In civil society, there are values that uphold equality, justice, and protect and respect the rights of citizens, both political, social, economic, and cultural rights.
Paradigma Pemilihan Kepala Negara di Zaman Khulafa Al-Rasyidin
Authors: Aly Sirojuddin
Published: August 2024

In the realm of Political Science, there are various models for selecting leaders of a government. Some involve direct elections, while others rely on representation. Similarly, within Islam, there is diversity in the models of leadership selection. This diversity emerged after the passing of Prophet Muhammad, particularly during the era of the Rashidun Caliphs. This occurred because neither the Quran nor the Hadith provide explicit and detailed instructions regarding the process of selecting a head of state. This article examines the paradigm of leadership selection during the era of the Rashidun Caliphs. It delves into the selection systems for the four caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali, each of whom, according to the author, had distinct differences. Furthermore, the article provides a comparative analysis between several modern political systems and the concepts espoused by Islam.
Understanding Muslim Plurality: Problems of Categorizing Muslims in Postcolonial Indonesia
Authors: Ali Muhamad
Published: August 2024

Islam in Indonesia has received significant academic attention. One important finding is the categorization of beliefs and behaviors of Muslims, which proves the plurality of Islam. However, these categorizations—such as santri-abangan-priayi, traditionalist-modernist, political-cultural, fundamentalist-liberal, great tradition-little tradition, and global-local—must be critically approached. The most appropriate categorization is one that is closer to reality. The santri-abangan-priayi categorization developed in the 1960s demonstrates Javanese centrism in the study of Indonesian Islam and shows a static, closed system that should be carefully used to refer to Muslims outside of Java and in the present era. The traditionalist-modernist category actually carries modernization assumptions and therefore should not be viewed statically. The differentiation of political-cultural is also difficult to apply in many cases, such as when an Islamic group is involved in both political and cultural activities simultaneously. Similarly, the terms great tradition-little tradition to refer to Sharia Islam and Sufi Islam are less relevant in cases where specific Islamic groups practice both Sharia and Sufism simultaneously, besides the fact that the terms big and small assume one pattern is more valuable than others religious patterns. The global and local perspectives in understanding the diversity of Islam can avoid overly general labeling, but it is still difficult to determine which aspects are global and which are local and challenging to measure religious change accurately. Even more challenging in understanding the plurality of Islam is how to determine a religious act and what is not religious (secular).
Korupsi Berbasis Tradisi: Akar Kultural Penyimpangan Kekuasaan di Indonesia
Authors: Zainuri Achmad
Published: August 2024

Corruption in this country has spread to all sectors like an octopus. This deviation not only infiltrates areas that have been perceived by the public as nests of corruption but also delves into corridors of institutions that were previously unimaginable to have corruption. One by one, financial scandals in various state institutions have been uncovered. Even the General Election Commission (KPU), filled with democracy activists, academics, and professors, is not immune to the corruption epidemic. In the Department of Religion (Depag), corruption cases have even implicated its former top official as a suspect. This article attempts to uncover the roots of tradition and culture behind these deviations.
Islam dan Tata Masyarakat Dunia
Authors: Mansoer Masri
Published: August 2024

The structure of world life is colored by various ideologies. Each ideology offers a perfect future. Socialism glorifies collectivism and disregards individuality, aiming ultimately to fulfill material needs collectively. Conversely, capitalism (liberalism) places humans as free individuals with the right to determine their own lives and do whatever is deemed good and right to achieve profit for themselves. From these two major ideologies in the world, Islam does not deny or position itself on either pole. Islam places itself in synthesis and becomes an alternative among the various extremist tendencies of ideologies in a balanced and fair manner. Therefore, the relationship Islam seeks to build is one of partnership and cooperation that mutually benefits the well-being of all human beings. This paper discusses the universal aspect of Islam as a perfect foundation for constructing a global societal order.
Merambah Jalan Baru Studi Hadis: Tawaran Pendekatan Hermeneutika
Authors: Ahmad Arifuddin
Published: August 2024

The presence of hadith in every human civilization demands a thorough ability to address every issue faced by the community. This is a dialectical consequence between the development of time and the demand to adhere to religious principles. However, striving towards this goal is not without obstacles, considering that the process of compiling hadith occurred thousands of years ago with multi-complex stages. Even though nowadays, the Prophet's Hadith can be easily traced in various authenticated books like the Kutub al-Sittah, this endeavor is not conclusive; many other important dimensions need to be understood. Hence, hermeneutical studies of hadith serve as a pathway to unravel the intricacies of the documented sayings, preserved over time.
Tafsir Konsep Futuwwah: Kebajikan yang Mengagumkan
Authors: Bahri Media Zainul
Published: August 2024

In the Qur’an, the term “futuwwah” refers to “an ideal, noble, and perfect person, one whose hospitality and generosity are endless until they have nothing left for themselves, someone who selflessly gives everything they own, including their own life, for the sake of their companions.” In the perspective of Sufi mystics, futuwwah signifies heroic generosity, praiseworthy conduct following the example of the prophets, saints, sages, companions, and lovers of God. This ideal is perfectly exemplified by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Several examples of the tradition of generosity are seen in the character of Prophet Ibrahim, who obediently followed Allah’s command to sacrifice his son for the sake of Allah.
Konsep Keberagamaan Orang Cina
Authors: Tanggok M. Ikhsan
Published: August 2024

The concept of religiosity among the Chinese refers to the traditional Chinese religions that have existed since 600 BC. These religions are still practiced by Chinese people wherever they are, including in Indonesia. By referring to the theory of great tradition and little tradition proposed by Robert Redfield and further developed by Jochim, this article aims to demonstrate that, although Chinese people have embraced religions outside of their traditional beliefs, the teachings of traditional religions and ancestors are still preserved. However, all of this remains within the boundaries they believe do not contradict the official religion they also adhere to.
Konsolidasi Militan Islam dan Reproduksi Makna Jihad
Authors: Bamualim Chaider S.
Published: August 2024

The Islamization that has swept the Islamic world in recent decades has successfully consolidated Islamic movements and reproduced the meaning of jihad, activating it as a controversial ideological instrument. This phenomenon inevitably often leads to misunderstandings, both among Muslims themselves and among non-Muslims in the West and the East. For some Western scholars, jihad, an Islamic teaching, is synonymous with religious war (holy war). Therefore, Islam is labeled as a brutal religion, applying militaristic patterns and declaring war not only permissible but also sacred. Islam—because of the doctrine of jihad—is also seen as promoting the use of violence to proselytize non-Muslims into Islam. Such misunderstandings have had fatal consequences and have unjustly portrayed Islam as a religion of violence and terrorism, as well as a threat to Western civilization. This portrayal has then perpetuated long-standing suspicions against the Muslim community.
Transformasi Peran Ulama dalam Pergerakan Politik
Authors: Hanafie Haniah
Published: August 2024

Ulama or kiai is often understood as a religious authority. However, in its development, ulama is not only seen as a guide in practicing religious teachings but also in all aspects of life, so that all behaviors and actions of ulama will be imitated without reserve. Even their followers (jamaah) tend to justify or protect them when the ulama face challenges from other parties. The role of ulama known so far only as preachers, lecturers, caretakers of Islamic boarding schools, and religious leaders, turns out to be not like that, because history proves that ulama also play a role in practical politics. This article attempts to revisit the role played by ulama in the political arena, both during the Dutch Colonial, Japanese, and Independence periods, especially during the New Order era, where the role of ulama underwent changes. Ulama were returned to their purely religious role.
Gerakan Anti Korupsi dan Restrukturisasi Gaji Pegawai Negeri
Authors: Zainuri Achmad
Published: August 2024

The momentum and fervor in combating corruption currently underway cannot be separated from the green light and political will provided by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY). In the previous period, anti-corruption efforts were half-hearted and sluggish because some high-profile corruption suspects received protection from powerful individuals, resulting in their cases stagnating. For example, the case of Abdullah Puteh was only expedited after President SBY allowed the Governor of NAD to be questioned. Similarly, cases involving several regents, mayors, and members of regional councils in various areas could only be seriously investigated after President SBY granted permission, as the examination of state officials must be authorized by the president. However, the determination in the legal process of combating corruption must be carried out by professional human resources, supported by adequate salaries and welfare. Therefore, the fight against corruption cannot be separated from the restructuring of employee salaries, resulting in more effective anti-corruption measures.
Kesatuan dan Harmoni dalam Masyarakat Jawa
Authors: Widjajanti Rosmaria Syafariyah
Published: August 2024

In societal life, problems arising from interaction processes are inevitable. Various interests flowing through diverse cultures within society do not always end in conflict and violence. There is harmony and unity that can emerge from social interactions. This is evident in Javanese society, which emphasizes the principles of harmony in its social relations. In Javanese society, the relationship between humans and God is seen as a unity and harmony. This harmonious relationship serves as a model for the relationship between humans and society. Efforts to achieve harmony are made by maintaining order within society. Thus, the unity of the individual and society implies the existence of order. Threats to this harmony include personal ambition and desires. Someone in society who is too ambitious and prioritizes personal desires is considered a threat to social order.
Peranan Ibnu Mujāhid dalam Ilmu Qira’at
Authors: Muhammad Ahsin Sakho
Published: August 2024

In the history of the development of the Science of Qiraat, it is known that the writing of this science began as early as the first century. Then, in the following centuries, the writing became more prolific, especially in the fourth and fifth centuries of the Hijrah. This was the golden age of the Science of Qiraat. After that, from the sixth to the eighth centuries, the science of Qiraat experienced stagnation. Amidst the numerous differences in the field of Qiraat, many people were perplexed by this phenomenon. This can be seen from the abundance of books that no longer distinguish between mutawatir and non-mutawatir Qiraat. It was Dūrīng this time that Ibn Mujāhid emerged to calm the community by gathering Qiraat that were truly mutawatir and believed to be valid. The development of the Science of Qiraat in the past cannot be separated from the role of Ibn Mujāhid (245-324 H). He was the first initiator of crystallizing the Qiraat into seven, which eventually became known as the Seven Qiraat. This paper will discuss the role of Ibn Mujāhid in the Science of Qiraat.
Model Baru Penyusunan Kitab Hadis Ṣaḥīḥ (Kajian Manhaj Ibn Ḥibbān dalam Ṣaḥīḥnya)
Authors: Fatkhi Rifqi Muhammad
Published: August 2024

In the treasury of Hadith literature from the time of the Companions until today, there are only a few Hadith collections explicitly and clearly stating that they are compilations of authentic Hadiths. Some of them include Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ ibn Khuzaymah, Ṣaḥīḥ ibn Ḥibbān, Ṣaḥīḥ ibn Sakan, and Ṣaḥīḥ ibn al-Syarqī. This article will provide information about Ṣaḥīḥ ibn Ḥibbān. This book is considered to have a different model of writing compared to other authentic books. Besides the systematic arrangement, the compiler also sets different criteria for the authenticity of Hadiths, unlike most Hadith scholars.
Hermeneutika Modern: Sebuah Pengenalan Awal (II)
Authors: Kusmana Kusmana
Published: August 2024

The development of knowledge represents the dialectic of social dynamics and knowledge itself, even theology. From there arises various knowledge that later crystallizes into science. One of them is hermeneutics. It is a science that can be simply interpreted as the science of interpretation. This science initially served as a prerequisite for unraveling religious texts that were considered final and sacred. That is why hermeneutics as a science is closely related to the world of theology, specifically the sub-discipline of theology that deals with the methodology and authentication in interpreting the Scriptures in the Christian and Jewish traditions. This paper describes modern hermeneutics from the perspective of understanding, history, and its divisions into methodological, philosophical, and critical hermeneutics.
Politik Islam Indonesia dan Demokrasi Pancasila di Era Reformasi
Authors: Suhaimi Suhaimi
Published: August 2024

Concerns about the decline of civic culture and the threat of national disintegration have arisen due to the emergence of local and religious sentiments among certain groups with ideologies based on religion in the post-reform era. The author assumes that historically, Pancasila is the result of ijtihad (independent reasoning) by some Muslims together with other groups in society, and the implementation of Islamic Sharia in some regional regulations does not contradict Pancasila democracy. The main issue in this writing is the relationship between Islam and the Pancasila ideology, as well as the implementation of Islamic law.
Gandhi’s Ideas of Women in Hinduism
Authors: Rosyidah Ida
Published: August 2024

Similar to Eastern philosophers, Gandhi also perceived differences between men and women. According to Gandhi, women are often marginalized while men play significant and dominant roles over women. In a patrilineal society, men are always prioritized, not only within the family but also in religious rituals. The same is found in Hinduism, where men hold more prominent roles in religious ceremonies. However, Gandhi’s thoughts are not detached from the Hindu teachings they use as guidance in daily life.
Metodologi Penelitian Keagamaan: Dekonstruksi Hermeneutik I
Authors: Pari Fariz
Published: August 2024

The main issue of this writing is the methodology for religious research, meaning this study is a methodological research. Methodological studies fall within the realm of the philosophy of science. In the context of scientific research, there are several key terms that are interrelated and have similarities, namely methodology, method, and theory. Therefore, in the context of this research, it is necessary to first explain the differences in meaning and the relationship between methodology, method, and theory.
Islam dalam Dinamika Sosial Sunda
Authors: Kamil Sukron
Published: August 2024

Unlike the pattern of Islamic society in Java, which has long been the focus of study, the pattern of Islam in Sunda seems to receive less serious attention. Writing motivated by this reason, among others, found that the Sundanese community in general can be divided into two parts: Priangan and Pakulonan. In terms of Islam, they can be divided into three parts, as Geertz categorizes Javanese society: Santri, Abangan, and Priayi. The Santri segment of Sundanese society is divided into two parts: traditional Muslims and Orthodox or modernist. Generally, syncretism is one of the characteristics of the majority of Sundanese Islam. Even in Sundanese society, there are pre-Islamic religions that have survived to this day, although some are influenced by Islam in certain aspects, such as "Javanese Sunda Religion" and "Sunda Wiwitan" Religion. In addition, Sundanese society also serves as the base for Shia Islam, the basis for modern Islamic thought and movements such as Salman Mosque, and one of the bases for Islamic fundamentalism.
Manusia dan Sunnah Kemanusiaan
Authors: Muchtar Ahmad Rifqi
Published: August 2024

This writing reexamines the position of humans in contemporary life. Humans, from ancient times until now, remain a significant enigma and a profound mystery. They are earthly beings, yet distinct from other earthly creatures in various aspects. They possess sacred values, yet cannot be equated with creatures that have been sanctified. This is because humans are a combination of both, filled with various potentials. The language of the Qur'an refers to them as 'Ahsan Taqwim' – the best of creation.
Kehidupan Akhirat Perspektif al-Ghazali
Authors: Hanafi Hanafi
Published: August 2024

The belief in an afterlife has been held by nearly all followers of religions and belief systems since ancient times, long before the advent of Islam, up to the present day. Within the Islamic community, differences in understanding the hereafter arise due to variations in interpreting the Qur’anic verses that are somewhat ambiguous (mujmal). Al-Ghazali, in elucidating the teachings about the afterlife, consistently refers to his opinions based on Qur’anic verses and the sayings of the Prophet. In his elaboration, it can be observed that he follows the flow of information from the Qur’an and the Prophet’s sayings. This means that in his explanations, he often clarifies the meanings contained in the Qur’anic verses and relevant sayings of the Prophet, either literally or figuratively.
Isytiqāq Kabīr
Authors: Suryadinata M.
Published: August 2024

Language is a portrait of a culture. Through language, one can discern the civilization, social forms, community, and richness of a society. Among the crucial discussions in language is Isytiqaq, as it directly or indirectly influences culture and language. For example, Arabic, which is part of the Semitic languages, becomes unique with the presence of Isytiqaq. Understanding Isytiqaq allows one to comprehend the characteristic similarities in meanings for specific letters. It is one of the studies in language that can broaden the understanding of the meaning of a language. Studying Isytiqaq is a part of the language's own development.
Kontribusi Pemikiran Hadis Rashīd Ridhā
Authors: Ilyas Abustani
Published: August 2024

This writing discusses the contribution of the laissez-faire of Rashīd Ridā’s ḥadīth, which includes the historicity of ḥadīth. According to him, the first ḥadīth writer was Khālid bin Mi’dān al-Himsī, a tabi’in in the 1st century A.H., not al-Zuhrī. The authority of ḥadīth, as a general rule in religion, is considered to be the Qur’an and mutawatir amaliyyah ḥadīth. The emphasized authenticity aspect of the ḥadīth in terms of sanad is to avoid excessive fanaticism in a madhhab. From the aspect of matan, he rejects ḥadīth containing strange elements, such as ḥadīth about signs of the Day of Judgment, Dajjal, the Mahdi of the end times, the descent of the Prophet Isa (Jesus), and others. He also uses contextual and interstitial interpretation, believing in understanding the ḥadīth along with its relevance to the social conditions of the Prophet Muhammad, returning its meaning to the Qur’an.
Teoria, política e história : diálogos com Marcelo Jasmin
Authors: DOBRORUKA VICENTE
Published: August 2024

Este livro é um volume de homenagem ao professor Marcelo Gantus Jasmin, pela sua inestimável contribuição, por meio de livros, artigos, palestras, aulas e orientações, aos campos da teoria da história e da teoria política. Com este propósito, reúne textos de um conjunto de seus ex-alunos, que discutem temas relacionados aos interesses da sua extensa trajetória intelectual e de cada um dos colaboradores do volume, tais como: história intelectual, hermenêutica, história do pensamento político, filosofia da história, história política, pensamento social brasileiro e Alexis de Tocqueville.
ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE, A DEMOCRACIA E A REPÚBLICA DOS MODERNOS
Authors: HENRIQUE PASCHOETO CASSIMIRO PAULO
Published: August 2024

"Tantas coisas e tantos homens passaram diante de mim; vi tantos esforços inúteis para interromper um mundo que se retira, que me pergunto se é realmente possível mudar os desígnios da providência. Esses tempos de fim da caminhada, nos quais os povos sem fôlego repousam, não podem ser tomados por retrocesso senão por espíritos superficiais, por desejos cegos e por posições consolidadas. Realeza e aristocracia são duas coisas que sobrevivem; elas não vivem mais: a ideia democrática se aprofunda, a igualdade cresce. Não nos defendemos da invasão dos anos com lembranças: Sabino colocou em vão as estátuas de seus ancestrais nas portas do Capitólio para impedir os bárbaros de entrar com tochas na mão. [...] É dito que uma cidade na qual os membros terão uma repartição igual dos bens e da educação apresentará à Divindade um espetáculo superior àquele apresentado pela cidade de nossos pais: é sobretudo M. Alexis de Tocqueville que diz isso com uma razão elevada e uma eloquência poderosa. Estou sempre pronto para me render à autoridade do talento quando a nobreza de caráter a sustenta; mas me será permitido apresentar algumas dúvidas ao jovem e já ilustre sobrinho de meu irmão? Ao admitir que há no céu um mestre que nos guia, não se está fazendo uma concessão que o espírito filosófico do tempo recusa? Não é precisar um pouco de nossas antigas fraquezas? E, tendo feito essa concessão, ouso me perguntar ainda se Deus realmente julga dessa forma os homens? Ele não admira mais a inteligência concentrada em alguns espíritos imensos do que os pedaços desta inteligência distribuída igualmente entre todos? Um tipo humano superior não oferece à vista um espetáculo permanente de orgulho e de emulação? A síntese da sociedade é tão maravilhosa quanto a análise desta sociedade. Não havendo mais grandes existências individuais, eu me alegro assim com a grandeza geral da espécie. Contudo, confesso minha confusão: eu preferiria passar a vida com Aristóteles e Alexandre do que com o cidadão mais satisfeito dos Estados Unidos François-René de Chateaubriand, Memórias do Além-túmulo"
A ARTE DO PROGNÓSTICO NA TEORIA POLÍTICA E O DESLOCAMENTO GEOPOLÍTICO DO CORAÇÃO AO “PULMÃO” DO MUNDO
Authors: H. VILLAS BÔAS CASTELO BRANCO PEDRO
Published: August 2024

"A arte do prognóstico é antiga. Embora se perceba uma retração, ela jamais foi abandonada pela teoria política. Sua longa história é marcada pelo empenho em lidar com as contingências e vicissitudes a que estão sujeitos os comportamentos humanos. A necessidade de conferir previsibilidade à vida política impulsionou a tentativa de antecipar resultados do emaranhado do curso de ações complexas de modo a reduzir desapontamentos e evitar frustrações decorrentes de expectativas sociais recíprocas, sobretudo nos médio e longo prazos. Nos séculos XVI e XVII, com a progressiva emancipação do agir e decidir humanos de amarras morais então vigentes, o prognóstico resulta da secularização das profecias cristãs apocalípticas e é alçado ao status de instrumento político voltado à longevidade de corpos políticos a fim de dar forma à vida social. Atualmente diante de um mundo cada vez mais imprevisível em que se busca progressivamente o seu controle por meio de métodos quantitativos, baseados em dados empíricos, a teoria política parece padecer de uma inibição em assumir o risco da realização de prognósticos. As imagens de um futuro incerto e o ritmo de vida cada vez mais acelerado, em que se multiplicam as possibilidades de ação, parecem tolher a ousadia da teoria política."
O FUTURO PASSADO DA ANTROPOFAGIA: TEMPO E HISTÓRIA NOS ENSAIOS FILOSÓFICOS DE OSWALD DE ANDRADE
Authors: ANTUNES CINTRA WENDEL
Published: August 2024

Entre 1930 e 1954, Oswald de Andrade escreveu um conjunto de textos na forma de ensaios, teses para concursos universitários, artigos para a imprensa, palestras, conferências e depoimentos nos quais retoma e reelabora insights de sua poética antropofágica dos anos 1920. Destacam-se entre esses trabalhos “Antropofagia como visão de mundo” (1930), “A arcádia e a inconfidência” (1945), “A crise da filosofia messiânica” (1950), “O antropófago: sua marcha para a técnica, revolução e progresso” (1952-1953), “Um aspecto antropofágico da cultura brasileira: o homem cordial” (1953), e uma série de artigos escritos para o jornal O Estado de São Paulo, na década de 1950, posteriormente reunidos sob o título A marcha das utopias, publicado postumamente em 1966.1
POSFÁCIO, OU MEMÓRIAS DE UMA CONVIVÊNCIA
Authors: GUIMARÃES CÉSAR , DOBRORUKA VICENTE , LYNCH CHRISTIAN , DE AZEVEDO E DIAS DUARTE JOÃO
Published: August 2024

À guisa de posfácio, apresentamos a seguir as memórias da convivência intelectual com o Marcelo Jasmin de quatro gerações de pesquisadores, começando por César Guimarães, seu orientador durante o mestrado e o doutorado, no antigo Iuperj. Na sequência, nós, os três organizadores deste volume, que correspondem, grosso modo, a três décadas de atividade acadêmica do Marcelo – Vicente Dobroruka, ao final dos anos 1980 e meados dos 1990; Christian Edward Cyril Lynch, ao final dos 1990 e início dos 2000; e João Duarte, de meados dos anos 2000 em diante –, dão também seus depoimentos. Em função dessa coincidência, o testemunho de cada um dos organizadores do volume acaba tendo um caráter cronológico, tanto na trajetória acadêmica quanto na pessoal do homenageado. Cada um de nós três optou por descrever separadamente aquilo que um deles denominou, com felicidade, “como o Marcelo salvou minha vida”.
QUENTIN SKINNER, A HERMENÊUTICA E A TEORIA DA HISTÓRIA: O PROBLEMA DA INTENÇÃO DO AUTOR NA INTERPRETAÇÃO DOS TEXTOS
Authors: VERTULLI GABRIEL
Published: August 2024

Nada mais justo em uma homenagem a Marcelo Jasmin do que tratar de um tema que lhe é caro e que ele contribuiu de maneira significativa. 1 Ora, sem dúvida diversos temas se enquadrariam nesse critério, afinal, Jasmin contribuiu (e continua a contribuir) para o refinamento dos debates em diferentes âmbitos – principalmente na teoria da história e na história do pensamento político. Pois bem, indo direto ao ponto, o tema que será aqui tratado diz respeito à grande área da reflexão teórica sobre a história, mas obviamente irá se limitar a um ponto circunscrito, a saber: o projeto teórico-metodológico do historiador inglês Quentin Skinner.
INDEPENDÊNCIA, REVOLUÇÃO LIBERAL E CONSTRUÇÃO DO ESTADO: O PROBLEMA DO SATTELZEIT NA AMÉRICA IBÉRICA
Authors: LYNCH CHRISTIAN
Published: August 2024

"Até a segunda metade do século XIX, prevaleceu no Ocidente uma ciência política de caráter ético-normativo que discutia a qualidade dos governantes. Indagava a forma de governo mais justa e tratava dos regimes constitucionais, a formação dos cidadãos pela educação e o papel da habilidade e do acaso nos destinos das nações. Articulado em torno do conceito de prudência, o conhecimento histórico constituía parte inseparável dessa velha “arte de governar os povos”. Conforme o célebre brocardo de Cícero, a história era “mestra da vida”. Sob o influxo do movimento ilustrado e da emergência do liberalismo, no século XVIII, a história se tornou o recurso obrigatório para saberes como a filosofia moral, o direito público e a economia política, sem a qual era impossível produzir e explicar as transformações sociais sofridas pela humanidade ao longo do tempo. Entretanto, como percebido por Marcelo Jasmin, o liberalismo não deslocara a centralidade da história na orientação do agir político. A formação humanística continuava valorizada, entre outros motivos, porque o liberalismo apresentava afinidades oligárquicas com o republicanismo greco-romano. A política permanecia uma ciência prática manuseada por uma elite de homens cultos, patrióticos e experimentados (Jasmin, 1997). Daí porque as mais populares histórias constitucionais saíam da pluma de políticos como Lorde Macaulay, na Grã-Bretanha; François Guizot e Adolphe Thiers, na França; Alexandre Herculano, em Portugal; Pereira da Silva e Joaquim Nabuco, no Brasil."
ILUMINISMO E RELIGIÃO: UM ENSAIO HISTORIOGRÁFICO
Authors: DE AZEVEDO E DIAS DUARTE JOÃO
Published: August 2024

"Levantada pela primeira vez no final do século XVIII, a questão “o que é Iluminismo?” jamais perdeu sua atualidade. 1 Em grande medida, o persistente interesse que lhe tem sido dispensado deve-se à centralidade que o Iluminismo, desde a Revolução Francesa, assumiu em uma narrativa de emergência da modernidade como ruptura radical com o passado. Nessa visão, o Iluminismo costuma ser concebido como um programa filosófico secular, racionalista, igualitário e democrático de emancipação humana. Hoje, quando o horizonte revolucionário dá lugar a expectativas mais sombrias, acompanhando o ceticismo crescente em relação ao progresso técnico e ao crescimento econômico, diante dos efeitos catastróficos da mudança climática e da ampliação da desigualdade social, a ressurgência da religião na vida pública e a ascensão, ensejada pelas novas mídias digitais, de uma direita extrema, xenófoba e antidemocrática, o Iluminismo e seu legado são mais uma vez objeto de atenção. Mas qual Iluminismo? Quando percorremos as publicações recentes sobre o tema, notamos uma discrepância entre o debate público e o historiográfico: conquanto a interpretação filosófica, secular e liberal do Iluminismo ainda domine o primeiro, dividindo defensores e detratores, sua hegemonia no segundo foi contestada por uma crítica vigorosa, desde, pelo menos, a década de 1970."
DRAMATURGIA DO PODER: PEQUENO ENSAIO SOBRE A POSSE DE LULA E A INVASÃO DA ESPLANADA
Authors: VILLAS BÔAS LUCIANA
Published: August 2024

"Construída entre 1956 e 1960 no centro do país, Brasília redefiniria o horizonte da política no Brasil. O eixo monumental que conduz à Esplanada dos Ministérios e à Praça dos Três Poderes não apenas deu uma nova forma ao centro administrativo do país; uniu a visibilidade do poder a uma estética modernista. Fundada no meio do nada como a cidade do futuro, a história de Brasília logo foi atravessada por crises. A experiência democrática foi interrompida ainda em 1964 e, desde 1989, com alguns abalos, restabelecida. Embora o plano piloto não tenha sido traçado para incutir práticas democráticas aos cidadãos, ele foi cuidadosamente concebido para abrigar e assegurar o estado de direito. Desde a inauguração da capital, é impossível abstrair a República brasileira das curvas e dos espaços livres e abertos da sua edificação. A cidade ideal erguida no Planalto Central, repleta de expectativas, foi capaz de corporificar o futuro da nação. Será que Brasília ainda é capaz de materializar o nosso futuro? Será que o futuro gravado no concreto armado das suas linhas utópicas ainda é capaz de manter aberto o nosso horizonte de expectativas?"
OS TEMPOS DA MASSA: FREUD, CANETTI, KRACAUER E ARENDT
Authors: FAMPA RODRIGO
Published: August 2024

Mais do que Hitler ou Stalin, o verdadeiro anti-herói da obra de Hannah Arendt, Origens do totalitarismo, são as massas, sem as quais o automatismo, elemento indispensável do regime totalitário, não estaria disponível na proporção necessária. Mas podem as massas ser reduzidas a uma assembleia de autômatos predisposta a ser preenchida por qualquer conteúdo e a seguir quaisquer ordens?
O ESTUDO DAS IDEIAS: HISTÓRIA E TEORIA POLÍTICA
Authors: COSER IVO
Published: August 2024

A pesquisa sobre ideias políticas situadas no passado deve partir do campo da história ou da teoria política? Por que pesquisar ideias políticas situadas no passado? Em cada um dos campos é possível formular uma primeira resposta que justifique a escolha. Cada uma dessas respostas pode ser desdobrada e cada um dos desdobramentos gera novas questões teóricas e novos problemas. Esse capítulo pretende percorrer duas das respostas encontradas em cada um dos campos. Entretanto, seu foco não está centrado na indagação de qual o método mais adequado para uma pesquisa sobre o passado, em outras palavras, seu objetivo não é uma análise dos meios. Seu problema é antes de natureza ética. A pergunta que guia essa reflexão é a seguinte: os fins da pesquisa devem ser históricos ou presentistas? Vejamos cada uma das respostas e vamos ao longo do capítulo ampliando seu escopo.
Determination of four dry cough medications in fixed dose form by developed stability indicating liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection
Authors: Saroja J. , Jagadeesh K. , Suresh Varma Dendukuri B. N. , Guttula Rama Swamy , Leela Kumari B. , Chandrashekar C.
Published: August 2024

This study deals with the development of HPLC assay method for the determination of guaifenesin (GUF), bromhexine (BRH), chlorpheniramine (CHP), and dextromethorphan (DEE) in bulk and Leekuf tablets. Column C18 Aligent eclipse was used to analyse GUF, BRH, CHP and DEE. The H3PO4 (0.01%) and methanol combined in 70:50 (vol/vol) parts was used as mobile phase. The HPLC assay method was validated in accordance with the ICH prerequisite and was capable of providing accurate (99.90% recovery for BRH, 99.40% recovery for CHP, 100.00% recovery for GUF and 99.50% for DEE) and precise (0.160–0.805% RSD range for GUF, BRH, CHP and DEE) quantitative results under slight variations in chromatographic circumstances in the range of quantities 25–150 μg mL−1 (GUF), 2–12 μg mL−1 (BRH), 0.5–3 μg mL−1 (CHP) and 2.5–15 μg mL−1 (DEE). These results concluded that HPLC assay method developed was beneficial for the evaluation of GUF, BRH, CHP and DEE simultaneously in commercial tablet dose. The degradants eluted are well resolved from the GUF, BRH, CHP, and DEE peaks, showing that the process is stability indicating.
Analisis Kesalahan I'rab dan Shigah pada Santri Miftahus-Sholihin Cimahi
Authors: Solehah Mirna , Farhan Muhammad
Published: August 2024

This study aims to identify syntactic and morphological errors in third-year students of Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah (MDT) Miftahus-sholihin and provide treatments to reduce these errors. Given the international popularity of Arabic, it is essential to conduct research focusing on improving students' understanding of all aspects necessary for mastering the Arabic language. This research focuses on errors in syntactic and morphological aspects, categorized into three subcategories in syntax: 1) final harakat determination, 2) i`rab characteristics, and 3) sentence structure; and two subcategories in morphology: 1) initial and final harakat determination, and 2) shigah determination, totaling five subcategories. The study introduces a new approach to addressing Arabic language errors in syntactic and morphological aspects through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) model. The findings highlight FGD's effectiveness in Arabic language education, particularly in reducing morphological shigah errors, with results showing a 5% reduction in error rates from 31% (170 errors) to 26% (141 errors). This research enhances Arabic teaching methods with FGD, promotes innovative strategies, and improves the curriculum. Further exploration of FGD and other innovative methods is recommended, along with longitudinal studies.