bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap between the Technical Communication Classroom and the Internship: Teaching Social Consciousness and Real-World Writing
Authors: Bourelle Tiffany
Published: May 2012

Service-learning projects and traditional internships both prepare the student of technical communication for the workforce in many ways. What is lacking in the scholarship is a discussion of how to successfully link these two ideas. To help teachers implement courses that bridge the gap between service-learning projects and internships, I discuss how to design a course in technical communication that actively prepares students for subsequent internships with nonprofit agencies. In specific, I outline social development and social learning theories, service-learning pedagogies, and lesson plans and assignments that integrate these theories into practice. This project serves as a model that insists that the teacher first instructs students regarding not only rhetorical aspects of document design, including audience awareness and style, but also in placing the students in internships and designing assignments to be fulfilled in internship roles. The combination of classroom practices with an internship supports the idea that students learn the value of the process of writing, including the social embeddedness that can often influence their writing.
Investigation of some pretreatments on energy and specific energy consumption drying of black mulberry
Authors: Adabi Esmaeili , Motevali Ali , Nikbakht Ali , Khoshtaghaza Hadi
Published: May 2012

Massive consumption of energy in drying industry makes it a matter of
challenge regarding economical aspects and limited recourses. Several methods
for drying including hot air convection, vacuum, infrared and hot air
convection-infrared technologies were applied in order to estimate the
consumed energy during the drying of mulberry fruit. Moreover, microwave
heating, chemical (ethyl oleate and potassium), mechanical (ultrasonic) and
blanching (hot water) pretreatments were compared. According to the Results,
maximum energy consumption was recorded when no pretreatment was performed.
Microwave heating in the hot air convection-infrared dryer resulted in the
lowest consumption of energy. Total energy requirement decreased with the
temperature in the convection dryer res. Conversely, energy increased with
air velocity. The vacuum dryer consumed the highest amount of energy which
was measured to be 46.95 kWh while the lowest energy was recorded with using
infrared-convective dryers. Also Experimental results showed that minimum and
maximum specific energy consumption in the drying of black mulberry were
associated with microwave pretreatment in IR-hot air dryer and control
treatment in vacuum dryer, respectively. The minimum color change (?E) for
drying of black mulberry was found in microwave pretreated samples dried with
the vacuum dryer, yet maximum ?E was observed in hot air dryer when no
pretreatment was applied.
Ancient Greek mythology mediated by Latin culture: On Vlastimir Trajkovic’s arion and Zephyrus returns
Authors: Milin Melita
Published: May 2012

Vlastimir Trajkovic (b. 1947) is a prominent Serbian composer with a strong
inclination towards subjects from ancient Greek mythology. Among his most
important achievements may be counted Arion - le nuove musiche per chitarra
ed archi (1979) and Zephyrus returns for flute, viola and piano (2003). Two
important aspects of those works are discussed in the present article: 1. the
line that connects them to ancient Greek culture via French Modernism
(Debussy, Ravel, Messiaen) and Renaissance poetry and music (Petrarch,
Caccini, Monteverdi); 2. modality, which has proved its vitality through long
periods of the history of European music, beginning with ancient Greek modes,
reaching its high point in the 16th century, and re-emerging at the beginning
of the 20th century in different hybrid forms. Trajkovic is seen as a
composer who has shaped his creative identity by exploring the rich musical
heritage of the Latin European nations, especially the contributions of
Debussy and Ravel.
Applied ethnomusicology in Serbia: Politics and policies of Serbian ethnomusicological Society
Authors: Dumnic Marija
Published: May 2012

This paper deals with ethnomusicological research methodologies, the
application of ethnomusicological knowledge outside academic institutions and
ideologies which have contributed to ethnomusicological discourses in Serbia.
Furthermore, state policy on ethnomusicology and folk music is analyzed. The
recent institutionalisation of applied ethnomusicology, i.e. direct
ethnomusicological engagement in society, which represents a turning point in
the development of ethnomusicology, is particularly emphasized. The
difference between contemporary applied ethnomusicology and ethnomusicology
is in direct engagement: goals are changed, new strategies of (field-) work
are introduced, folk music as a political tool is adopted, neutrality of
research positions is destabilized, resulting in the emergence of the
greatest problem of the discipline - ethics. Applied ethnomusicology in
Serbia is especially interesting not only because of local cultural
characteristics, but also because of the specific position of Serbian
ethnomusicology in the scientific world map. The activities of the Serbian
Ethnomusiclogical Society are analyzed as a representative example of
successful public engagement. The projects of the Society are classified
according to the type of animation (cultural and scientific). The promotion
of Serbian folk music, folk music of national minorities and bagpipe-playing
revitalization fall into the first category, whereas the second one comprises
scientific round tables and the projects dealing with the preservation of
Serbian folk music heritage.
Baroque references in works of Vlastimir Trajkovic
Authors: Stefanovic Аna
Published: May 2012

The article examines Baroque references in three Trajkovic?s compositions:
Arion, Le nuove musiche per Chitarra ed Archi op. 8 (1979), Le retour des
z?phyres ou ?Zefiro torna? op. 25 (2001) and solo song Renoveau from the
cycle Cinq po?mes de St?phane Mallarm? op. 29, in its version for voice,
flute and piano (2003), all these compositions being unified by the idea of
modernity and novelty, metaphorically contained also in the idea of renewal
of nature, which connects music of the moderns from the beginning of the 17th
century and Trajkovic?s search for new paths in music, opposite to ?gothic?
tangles of the Avant-garde. Complex and multi-layered, the references to the
Baroque era in Trajkovic?s works reflect fundamentally generic, arche-textual
relations. Compositions Arion and Zefiro torna are set upon explicit
references to Italian origins of the Baroque epoch, in theoretical, as well
as in the creative domain (to Caccini?s collection of madrigals - Le nuove
musiche, 1601, and Monteverdi?s madrigal Zefiro torna, 1614, after Petrarch?s
sonnet). Zefiro torna, with a primarily French title and subtitles of the
?scenes? given after antique mythological sources, indicates, again, a
twofold generic relation: to the Italian madrigal tradition (including
another Monteverdi?s madrigal with the same title composed after Rinuccini?s
sonnet, from 1632) and the French tradition of opera/ballet, additionally
mediated by references to the opuses of Debussy and Ravel. Multiple literary
and musical trans-historical relations can be observed in the solo song
Renouveau. However, from these compositions, implicit generic relations, far
more than explicit para-textual references, with the whole corpus of themes,
forms, texts, discourses as well as crucial poetic concepts of the 17th
century music can be inferred.
Radiation hardness of indium oxide films in the Cooper-pair insulator state
Authors: Lazarevic Djordje , Vujisic Milos , Stankovic Koviljka , Dolicanin Edin , Osmokrovic Predrag
Published: May 2012

This paper investigates possible radiation effects in the Cooper-pair
insulator state of indium oxide films. Radiation effects are predicted on the
basis of Monte Carlo simulations. Results of a combined theoretical and
numerical analysis suggest that radiation-induced changes in the investigated
films could significantly affect their current-voltage characteristics, and
that a transition to a metallic state is possible, due to radiation-induced
disruption of the fine-tuned granular structure. Dissociation of Cooper
pairs, caused by both the incident radiation and the ions displaced within
InOx films, can also destroy the conditions for this specific insulating
state to subsist.
Radioactivity and measurements of sediment deposition rate of the Drenova reservoir (B&H)
Authors: Tosic Radislav , Todorovic Dragana , Dragicevic Slavoljub , Bikit Istvan , Forkapic Sofija , Blagojevic Branislav
Published: May 2012

This work presents the first estimate of the radioactivity and sediment
deposition rate of the Drenova reservoir. The radioactivity and sedimentation
rate were computed applying the 210Pb and 137Cs methods. Samples of 210Pb and
137Cs were taken from four boreholes drilled in the Drenova reservoir in June
2010. Vertical distribution of the natural and artificial radionuclides in
four boreholes was examined using a gamma spectrometry measurement with HpGe
detectors, Gamma X type (10 keV-3 MeV). Activities ranging from 122-8 Bq/kg
were found for 210Pb, and from 140-0.8 Bq/kg for 137Cs. The sedimentation
rate in the Drenova reservoir varied from 1.96 to 2.90 cm per year for
unsupported 210Pb and 0.47 to 5.33 cm per year for 137Cs.
Radioactivity in soil from Mojkovac, Montenegro, and assessment of radiological and cancer risk
Authors: Antovic Nevenka , Boskovic Danilo , Svrkota Nikola , Antovic Ivanka
Published: May 2012

Soil samples from Mojkovac, Montenegro, were analyzed by standard
gamma-spectrometry for radioactivity due to 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs.
Average activity concentrations have been found to be 28.6, 43.1, 620.8, and
55 Bq/kg, respectively. In order to evaluate the radiation hazard, radium
equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, external and
internal hazard indexes, and the annual gonadal dose equivalent were
determined and found to be at an average of 133.79 Bq/kg, 65.18 nGy/h, 79.93
mSv/y, 0.37, 0.45, and 0.46 mSv/y, respectively. With life expectancy taken
to be 70 years, a mean lifetime outdoor gamma radiation was calculated as 5.6
mSv, yielding a lifetime cancer risk of 2.8?10-4.
University and E-learning Classes in Italy
Authors: Capogna Stefania
Published: May 2012

The article explores the use of e-learning in Italian universities. The aim is to understand how the university system has faced this problem or opportunity to date and what weaknesses or developing perspectives may result from multimedia technologies applied to academic teaching management. After a brief review of the current position of Italian universities in the field of e-learning, some of the organizational changes are taken into consideration. The focus then shifts to the systems of relationships that characterize such learning environments (distance learning, blended, online); the article concludes with the outcome of a case study carried out through participant observation in a university Master's course.
The Use of Virtual Classrooms in E-learning: A Case Study in King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Nuaim Hana Abdullah
Published: May 2012

The phenomenal growth and subsequent increasing use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) innovations has led to an increase in their use in higher education over the past decade. Past research has criticised e-learning (compared to traditional face-to-face lecturing) for its failure to engage students in their learning. However, King Abdulaziz University (KAU) has only limited seats available for its traditional face-to-face programmes and therefore was determined to provide a viable alternative in the form of an e-learning programme, the first in Saudi Arabia. One of the requirements of this programme was that it should fit current sociocultural customs, enabling students from the K-12 Saudi educational system who are not skilled in independent learning or discovery to construct their own knowledge. The university created a programme that underwent rigorous course development and quality control to engage students more actively through asynchronous technologies — virtual classrooms for every face-to-face hour of every course — with synchronous components, using a learning management system developed in-house to integrate with all other university systems. The virtual classrooms enable students and instructors to communicate synchronously using audio, video, interactive whiteboard, application sharing, instant polling, text chat, and other features as though they were standing face to face in a regular classroom. All instructor activities and interactions with students are monitored within the LMS and virtual classroom. Instructors and departments are provided with detailed reports on instructor performance and continuous assessments of their interactions with students. Due to their distinct methods of delivery, it is difficult to make exact comparisons between face-to-face and e-learning models of learning; to allow for the most accurate comparisons, the performance of students in face-to-face courses was compared to that of students in scheduled virtual classrooms who were taught by the same instructors. The overall results show that for most courses, there were no significant differences in the performance of online and face-to-face students assigned to the same course and taught by the same instructor.
Challenging the Notions of Partnership and Collaboration in Early Education: A Critical Perspective from a Whānau Class in New Zealand
Authors: Harris Fleur , Kaur Baljit
Published: May 2012

In the 1970s, New Zealand's Māori leaders and academics successfully sought the revitalisation of culture and language through education. A Māori immersion education system emerged exemplifying school–community partnership and collaboration, and in the milieu of expansion, the whānau class emerged as an education option for children. In this context, families of children aged between 5 and 12 years are placed together in one class and the language of instruction is usually bilingual – Māori and English. A case study of such a class is presented in this article and illustrates how education measurement, underpinned by Western ideologies, can construct Māori children as deficient learners, and undermine the partnership and collaboration foundation of the whānau class. However, this study also demonstrates how alternative measurement systems that take account of Māori children's bilingual and bicultural learning can construct them as capable learners, with the implication that this must inform educators and Māori for successful partnership in the education of Māori children.
Teachers' Perceptions of Collaboration and Partnership regarding Children with Special Educational Needs in a Mexican Bilingual Elementary School
Authors: Fabela-Cárdenas Martha Armida , Robles-Treviño Laura
Published: May 2012

Mexico, like many other countries in the world, has subscribed to a UNESCO policy for the inclusion of children with special educational needs in mainstream education. Thus, at least since 1994, public and private mainstream schools have included children with special educational needs. In this study, the authors intend to explore the issues in the Mexican context in order to identify teachers' attitudes, perceptions and concerns about their practice, their preparation and their skills to help children with special educational needs in their classrooms. Among the dimensions the authors are trying to investigate are those opinions and experiences expressed by classroom teachers in relation to the collaboration and support they receive from all the stakeholders in the process of educating children with special needs. The study uses the techniques and procedures of Q methodology since it is seen as a method that is particularly compatible with a social-constructionist research paradigm which allows the participants to express their own opinions and to produce an individual configuration of their own beliefs and attitudes.
Prevention of Autoimmune Diabetes and Induction of β-Cell Proliferation in NOD Mice by Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Faleo Gaetano , Fotino Carmen , Bocca Nicola , Molano R. Damaris , Zahr-Akrawi Elsie , Molina Judith , Villate Susana , Umland Oliver , Skyler Jay S. , Bayer Allison L. , Ricordi Camillo , Pileggi Antonello
Published: May 2012

We evaluated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT) on autoimmune diabetes development in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Animals received no treatment or daily 60-min HOT 100% oxygen (HOT-100%) at 2.0 atmospheres absolute and were monitored for diabetes onset, insulitis, infiltrating cells, immune cell function, and β-cell apoptosis and proliferation. Cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes onset was reduced from 85.3% in controls to 48% after HOT-100% (P < 0.005) and paralleled by lower insulitis. Spontaneous diabetes incidence reduced from 85% in controls to 65% in HOT-100% (P = 0.01). Prediabetic mice receiving HOT-100% showed lower insulitis scores, reduced T-cell proliferation upon stimulation in vitro (P < 0.03), increased CD62L expression in T cells (P < 0.04), reduced costimulation markers (CD40, DC80, and CD86), and reduced major histocompatibility complex class II expression in dendritic cells (DCs) (P < 0.025), compared with controls. After autoimmunity was established, HOT was less effective. HOT-100% yielded reduced apoptosis (transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive insulin-positive cells; P < 0.01) and increased proliferation (bromodeoxyuridine incorporation; P < 0.001) of insulin-positive cells compared with controls. HOT reduces autoimmune diabetes incidence in NOD mice via increased resting T cells and reduced activation of DCs with preservation of β-cell mass resulting from decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation. The safety profile and noninvasiveness makes HOT an appealing adjuvant therapy for diabetes prevention and intervention trials.
Igniting Imaginations with Actor-manipulated Design
Authors: Keiley Jillian
Published: May 2012

A proposal for a theatre set and environment that is multipurpose and limited, inviting actors to create with the set as opposed to creating solely ON the set.
Tangible Archives of the Intangible, or Archiving the Ineluctable Modality of the Theatrical
Authors: Harvey Kathryn
Published: May 2012

Guelph-based archivist Kathryn Harvey conveys the challenges facing archivists in preserving and promoting Canada's rich culture of performing arts and the importance of remembering our theatrical past even as we celebrate the theatrical present.
A Manifesto of Living Self-portraiture (Identity, Transformation, and Performance)
Authors: Arsenault Nina
Published: May 2012

In an era when blogging, Facebook, and Twitter are more and more becoming the ubiquitous means of expression for an entire generation, The Manifesto of Living Self-portraiture illuminates the potential and power of self-representation through the highly personal art practice of queer transsexual Nina Arsenault. Arsenault's unfolding creative work begins with the documentation of her sixty cosmetic procedures which transformed her body into a 36D-28-42 self-portrait of hyperfemininity. Her subsequent numerous nightlife appearances, photo shoots, videos, and theatrical performances chart the trajectory of her constant and perpetual transformations and by inference illuminate cultural values of beauty, sexuality, and the power of spirituality. Furthermore, Arsenault's discipline incorporates voice/breath/body training, contemporary self-help manuals, and ongoing research into art and mythology to vivify herself as living Goddess archetypes. Arsenault's life as self-portraiture, created at the nexus point of fantasy and reality, becomes a sacred drama of transfiguration in a society which seeks to minimize her passion and pathologize her identity.
Synthesis!
Authors: Wheeler Michael , Jain Ravi
Published: May 2012

Ravi Jain and Michael Wheeler consider the opposing forces that define Canadian theatre in the hope that the synthesis of these arguments and conversations will contribute to a new performance era with new contradictions.
Victory Garden: Ruth Page's Danced Poems in the Time of World War II
Authors: Meglin Joellen A.
Published: May 2012

During the years 1943–1946, the Chicago choreographer and ballet director Ruth Page created a compact, innovative vehicle for touring, a concert she called Dances with Words and Music. The programme consisted of solo dances accompanied by the poems of Dorothy Parker, Ogden Nash, e. e. cummings, Federico García Lorca, Langston Hughes, Hilaire Belloc, Edna St. Vincent Millay, and others. Page performed her danced poems, speaking the words herself and dialoguing with them in dance, in New York and Chicago, and at Jacob's Pillow. She also toured extensively to smaller cities scattered throughout the Midwest and South, sponsored by colleges and universities, as well as civic associations, independent producers, women's clubs, and USOs. I argue that Page's marriage of poetry and dance was not just a stopgap measure designed to keep her choreographic footing during the lean years when male dancers were enlisted. It was a deliberate strategy to position herself as a front-runner on the American scene – an architect of the American ballet with a sensitive ‘vernacular ear,’ a worldview, and, crucially, a perspective sympathetic to the psyches of young women and children.
New Light on Kellom Tomlinson: Two Articles by Jennifer Thorp IntroductionKellom Tomlinson's Notebook: A New DiscoveryPicturing a Gentleman Dancing-Master: A Lost Portrait of Kellom Tomlinson
Authors: Thorp Jennifer
Published: May 2012

This article describes the manuscript notes and exercises relating to dance which were written into a copy of Mathew Simons' map book, A Direction for the English Traviller, once owned by the dancing-master Kellom Tomlinson and now in the care of the Lilly Library at Indiana University. The nature, contents and handwriting of the dance notes, which perhaps date from the second decade of the eighteenth century, suggest that the notes, some of which are annotated or corrected by Tomlinson himself, may have been the work of one of his pupils or apprentices.

This article, which derives from a paper given at the British Society for Eighteenth Century Studies at St Hugh's College, Oxford, in January 2012, describes the recent identification of the portrait of the dancing-master Kellom Tomlinson painted by Richard Van Bleeck in 1716, and discusses its significance in comparison with the later mezzotint by François Morellon La Cave and the light each throws on Tomlinson's relations with the subscribers and dedicatees of his dance manual, The Art of Dancing (1735).
Hot and Dry Cleaning of Biomass-Gasified Gas Using Activated Carbons with Simultaneous Removal of Tar, Particles, and Sulfur Compounds
Authors: Hanaoka Toshiaki , Matsunaga Kotetsu , Miyazawa Tomohisa , Hirata Satoshi , Sakanishi Kinya
Published: May 2012

This study proposes a gas-cleaning process for the simultaneous removal of sulfur compounds, tar, and particles from biomass-gasified gas using Fe-supported activated carbon and a water-gas shift reaction. On a laboratory scale, the simultaneous removal of H2S and COS was performed under a mixture of gases (H2/CO/CO2/CH4/C2H4/N2/H2S/COS/steam). The reactions such as COS + H2 → H2S + CO and COS + H2O → H2S + CO2 and the water-gas shift reaction were promoted on the Fe-supported activated carbon. The adsorption capacity with steam was higher than that without steam. On a bench scale, the removal of impurities from a gas derived from biomass gasification was investigated using two activated filters packed with Fe-supported activated carbon. H2S and COS, three- and four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and particles were removed and a water-gas shift reaction was promoted through the first filter at 320–350 °C. The concentrations of H2S and COS decreased to less than 0.1 ppmv. Particles and the one- and two-ring PAHs, except for benzene, were then removed through the second filter at 60–170 °C. The concentration of tar and particles decreased from 2428 to 102 mg Nm−3 and from 2244 to 181 mg Nm−3, respectively.
Mott-Anderson Transition in Molecular Conductors: Influence of Randomness on Strongly Correlated Electrons in the κ-(BEDT-TTF)2X System
Authors: Sasaki Takahiko
Published: May 2012

The Mott-Anderson transition has been known as a metal-insulator (MI) transition due to both strong electron-electron interaction and randomness of the electrons. For example, the MI transition in doped semiconductors and transition metal oxides has been investigated up to now as a typical example of the Mott-Anderson transition for changing electron correlations by carrier number control in concurrence with inevitable randomness. On the other hand, molecular conductors have been known as typical strongly correlated electron systems with bandwidth controlled Mott transition. In this paper, we demonstrate our recent studies on the randomness effect of the strongly correlated electrons of the BEDT-TTF molecule based organic conductors. X-ray irradiation on the crystals introduces molecular defects in the insulating anion layer, which cause random potential modulation of the correlated electrons in the conductive BEDT-TTF layer. In combination with hydrostatic pressure, we are able to control the parameters for randomness and correlations for electrons approaching the Mott-Anderson transition.
Parallel Synthesis of Peptide-Like Macrocycles Containing Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Xu Zhigang , Wheeler Kraig A. , Baures Paul W.
Published: May 2012

We prepared a series of peptide-like 14-membered macrocycles containing an imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid scaffold by using known coupling reagents and protecting group strategies. Yields of the purified macrocycles were poor on average, yet seemingly independent of amino acid substitution or stereochemistry. The macrocycles retain some level of conformational variability as observed by both molecular modeling and X-ray crystallography. These macrocycles represent a new class of structures for further development and for future application in high-throughput screening against a variety of biological targets.
Parallel Synthesis of 2-Substituted 6-(5-Oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamides
Authors: Črček Bojana , Baškovč Jernej , Grošelj Uroš , Kočar Drago , Dahmann Georg , Stanovnik Branko , Svete Jurij
Published: May 2012

A library of 24 6-(5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamides 10{1,2; 1–12} was prepared by a parallel solution-phase approach. The synthesis comprises a five-step transformation of itaconic acid (11) into 1-methyl and 1-phenyl substituted 6-(5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids 17{1,2} followed by parallel amidation of 17{1,2} with a series of 12 aliphatic amines 18{1–12} to afford the corresponding carboxamides 10 in good overall yields and in 80–100% purity.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Immunity Function of Tetramethylpyrazine Phosphate Tablets in Vivo
Authors: Guo Ling , Wang Aihong , Sun Yongle , Xu Chongen
Published: May 2012

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate tablets (TPT), a Chinese medicine used for cardiovascular disease, on immunity activity and oxidative injury in rats. Heart failure (HF) was induced by isoproterenol (ISO). After the animal model was established, the rats were administered the TPT by gavage (once a day). The results indicated that TPT improved left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), ±dP/dt, heart weight/body weight. TPT could decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Furthermore, it also could raise the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), but reduce malonyldialdehyde (MDA) level. The results indicated that TPT improved cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis from myocardial injury, and this cardioprotection might be attributed to a reduction of oxidative stress and regulation of inflammation mediators.
Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase/Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway in Liver and Kidney: Protective Effect of Cyanidin 3-O-β-D-Glucoside on Ochratoxin-A Toxicity
Authors: Sorrenti Valeria , Di Giacomo Claudia , Acquaviva Rosaria , Bognanno Matteo , Grilli Ester , D’Orazio Nicolantonio , Galvano Fabio
Published: May 2012

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of long-term cyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside (C3G) and/or Ochratoxin A (OTA)-exposure on dimethylarginine dimethylamino hydrolase/nitric oxide synthase (DDAH/NOS) pathway in rats. The experiments were performed in rats supplemented with C3G (1 g/kg feed), OTA (200 ppb), and OTA + C3G. After 4 weeks of daily treatment, liver and kidneys were processed for eNOS, iNOS and DDAH-1 Western blotting, nitrite levels evaluation and DDAH activity determination. Results show that OTA is able to induce iNOS both in kidney and liver, whereas OTA is able to induce eNOS and DDAH-1 overexpression and DDAH activation only in kidney, resulting in increased nitrite levels. In kidney of OTA + C3G fed rats, iNOS, eNOS and DDAH-1 expression were less pronounced compared with those observed in the OTA-treated group. Coherent with the decreased iNOS, eNOS and DDAH-1 expression a decrease in nitrite levels and DDAH activity was observed in the OTA + C3G group. Results demonstrate that C3G is able to counteract the deleterious effects of chronic consumption of OTA and also suggest a possible involvement of iNOS-eNOS-DDAH impairment in OTA nephrocarcinogenity.
Synthesis and antiviral activities of spacer-linked 1-thioglucuronide analogues of glycyrrhizin
Authors: Stanetty Christian , Wolkerstorfer Andrea , Amer Hassan , Hofinger Andreas , Jordis Ulrich , Claßen-Houben Dirk , Kosma Paul
Published: May 2012

The influenza virus infection remains a significant threat to public health and the increase of antiviral resistance to available drugs generates an urgent need for new antiviral compounds. Starting from the natural, antivirally active compound glycyrrhizin, spacer-bridged derivatives were generated with improved antiviral activity against the influenza A virus infection. Simplified analogues of the triterpene saponin glycyrrhizin containing 1-thio-β-D-glucuronic acid residues have been prepared in good yields by alkylation of 3-amino and 3-thio derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid with a 2-iodoethyl 1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosiduronate derivative. The spacer-connected 3-amino derivatives were further transformed into N-acetylated and N-succinylated derivatives. The deprotected compounds containing these carboxylic acid appendices mimic the glycon part of glycyrrhizin as well as the hemisuccinate derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid, carbenoxolone. Antiviral activities of the compounds were determined in a biological test based on influenza A virus-infected cells, wherein the 3-(2-thioethyl)-N-acetylamino- and 3-(2-thioethyl)-thio-linked glucuronide derivatives were effective inhibitors with IC50 values as low as 54 µM.
Devoir et pouvoir , des marqueurs modaux ou évidentiels ?
Authors: Barbet Cécile
Published: May 2012

Plusieurs positions sont représentées dans la littérature concernant le lien entre la modalité telle qu’exprimée par devoir ou pouvoir et l’évidentialité (inférentielle notamment) : traditionnellement, ces verbes sont considérés comme modaux ; on les a également décrits comme « mixtes », i.e. évidentio-modaux ; ou encore évidentiels en ce qui concerne leurs emplois épistémiques ; et, récemment, on a défendu que devoir était un marqueur fondamentalement évidentiel, sans distinction de ses différents emplois. Nous défendons, dans cet article, que devoir et pouvoir sont sémantiquement modaux, une analyse exclusivement en termes d’évidentialité menant à une impasse. Cependant, nous tirons profit des analyses « évidentialisantes » en montrant que la récupération contextuelle par le destinataire des “evidences” est déterminante notamment en ce qui concerne leurs interprétations épistémiques subjectives vs objectives.
Le conditionnel épistémique : propriétés et fonctions discursives
Authors: Kronning Hans
Published: May 2012

Dans cet article, nous étudions le conditionnel épistémique, analysé comme un marqueur épistémique mixte exprimant la médiation par emprunt et la modalisation zéro (le refus de prendre en charge le contenu cognitif de l’énoncé), à travers ses propriétés et fonctions discursives manifestées à l’extérieur de son domaine de médiation (séquence qui transmet le contenu cognitif emprunté), ainsi qu’à l’extérieur et à l’intérieur des cadres de discours ouverts par des syntagmes prépositionnels du type Selon N . Nous montrons, d’une part, que l’attitude épistémique du locuteur est variable (dubitative et non dubitative), alors que l’orientation modale de l’énoncé au conditionnel épistémique est invariablement positive (vers le « vrai ») et, d’autre part, que cette forme verbale est exploitée, d’un point de vue rhétorique, textuel et pragmatique, pour établir des gradations ascendantes, servir d’indice d’ouverture de certaines unités textuelles et pour dissimuler l’implication du locuteur dans le procès médiatisé ou dans la description qu’il en donne.
Un sens épistémique pour l'imparfait et le passé simple ?
Authors: De Mulder Walter
Published: May 2012

Dans cet article, nous proposons une définition épistémique du sens schématique de l’imparfait et du passé simple, qui est basée sur les définitions épistémiques avancées par R. Langacker et F. Brisard pour les temps du présent et du passé en anglais. Nous montrons ensuite que ces définitions ne permettent pas d’expliquer tous les emplois de l’imparfait et du passé simple, et qu’il faut accepter que leur sens propre comporte aussi des indications sur leurs valeurs temporelles, aspectuelles et discursives. Cependant, quoique ces temps n’expriment donc pas un sens schématique exclusivement épistémique, leur emploi peut refléter une attitude épistémique particulière du locuteur. Il est montré enfin que l’imparfait connaît au moins un emploi évidentiel.
Relations entre temps, aspect, modalité et évidentialité dans le système du français
Authors: Caudal Patrick
Published: May 2012

Le présent article exposera d’abord comment le sens aspectuo-temporel influe sur la construction des jugements modaux avec diverses sortes d’expressions du français (structures conditionnelles, verbes modaux, tiroirs verbaux). Il se penchera ensuite sur les usages dits conjecturaux du futur, de façon à mesurer si et comment il est possible d’étendre à l’évidentialité les observations faites sur les relations temps/aspect – modalité en français.
Les présupposés ethnodidactiques de la coupure disciplinaire FLE/FLS/FLM
Authors: Muni Toke Valelia
Published: May 2012

L’objectif de l’article est de tenter de répondre à la question suivante : sur quelles hypothèses la coupure didactique FLE/FLM repose-t-elle ? La notion de locuteur natif, si contestée – et contestable – en sciences du langage, est au cœur du problème, dans la mesure où elle cristallise la relation entre identité et savoir linguistique légitime et que, de ce fait, elle est un levier puissant pour démêler les aprioris qui catégorisent les apprenants en natifs (à eux le FLM) et non-natifs (pour eux le FLE). Le modèle en continuum des « degrés de xénité » est-il suffisant pour permettre de sortir de ces découpages ? Rien n’est moins sûr, mais il est à comparer avec les modèles à l’œuvre dans les domaines de l’intercompréhension – on se référe ainsi aux nombreux travaux théoriques et pratiques menés dans le domaine des langues romanes. La réflexion est illustrée à partir d’une étude de cas concret, menée sur le terrain dans le Pacifique Sud, à Wallis. L’observation permet de montrer que ces catégorisations sont peu efficaces au plan de la description et de l’analyse des interactions, et que le problème épistémologique posé par la coupure FLE/FLM est directement lié à la conceptualisation première que l’on se fait des pratiques langagières : pour valider la coupure, il faut également valider l’hypothèse de langues-entités distinctes, qui déterminent des locuteurs-identités aux contours finis. Cette modélisation semble mise en échec par l’observation des pratiques langagières en contexte plurilingue complexe.
Le français de scolarisation au carrefour des didactiques du français et des disciplines
Authors: Le Ferrec Laurence
Published: May 2012

C’est à travers la préoccupation pour le rôle du langage dans les apprentissages disciplinaires (qu’il s’agisse de disciplines dites linguistiques ou « non linguistiques ») que l’étude propose de saisir quelques articulations possibles entre les didactiques du français (FLM/FLE/FLS) et les didactiques des disciplines scolaires, qui constituent une question vive pour la recherche en didactique du français, enseigné tant comme langue seconde que comme langue maternelle. Elle s’intéresse ainsi à l’émergence et à la constitution d’une problématique commune à plusieurs contextes d’enseignement, problématique qui interroge les relations entre les apprentissages disciplinaires et les compétences langagières en se détachant d’approches plus sociologiques de la difficulté scolaire. Ce questionnement se trouve au cœur des évolutions récentes de la réflexion didactique menée en FLS en situation scolaire, où la L2 est pour les élèves langue d’enseignement. On s’intéresse dès lors, tout particulièrement, au contexte immersif de la classe d’accueil du collège, considérée comme un observatoire privilégié pour la réflexion sur les apprentissages langagiers non seulement en français mais dans toutes les disciplines. On montre, à travers la notion fédératrice de « langue de scolarisation », que les réalisations langagières concernées par cette désignation demeurent en partie floues et insuffisamment explicitées, constituant ainsi un véritable « curriculum caché ». Ce constat amène alors à cerner les freins actuels à la mise en œuvre d’une didactique intégrée de la langue et des savoirs disciplinaires. La réflexion est étayée par des extraits d’un corpus d’interactions de classe (CLA) et/ou d’extraits d’un corpus de manuels scolaires.
Entrer dans l'écrit en FLM par le biais des approches FLE : témoignage
Authors: Pamart-Ait Briim Sadia
Published: May 2012

Professeure de lettres modernes, l’auteure a longtemps enseigné en collège puis en lycée et en classe de BTS, ce qui l’a amené à s’intéresser au FLE, pour la recherche de nouvelles pratiques d’enseignement de la langue française ; l’objectif étant de remédier aux difficultés des lycéens et des étudiants de BTS à entrer dans l’écrit. Cette recherche visant à mieux servir l’apprenant français, scolarisé en France, de langue maternelle ou de langue première, l’a amenée à se former en FLE, à enseigner le FLE, FLS/FLSco, tant à l’université qu’au lycée, dans un dispositif spécifique destiné à des apprenants nouvellement arrivés en France, âgés de plus de 16 ans. Dans la formation de formateurs, à l’IUFM et dans le cadre de la formation continue des enseignants de lettres et de langue, des questions de plus en plus nombreuses ont été posées sur les moyens possibles d’aider les élèves à entrer dans l’écrit et à surmonter leurs difficultés. Elle montre ainsi qu’il est possible de croiser les pratiques entre le FLE/FLS/FLM pour parvenir à faire progresser les élèves. Il ne s’agit pas, bien évidemment, d’utiliser des méthodes FLE pour enseigner le français à des franco-français mais de s’inspirer de la manière de faire du FLE, par exemple pour donner du plaisir aux apprenants français et pour leur permettre d’entrer autrement dans l’écrit, de se réconcilier avec cette pratique.
Modéliser des séquences en FLE et FLM : analyse comparée de l'unité didactique et de la séquence didactique
Authors: Laurens Véronique
Published: May 2012

Les notions d’ unité didactique en français langue étrangère (FLE) ou de séquence didactique en français langue maternelle ou première (FLM-FL1) s’inscrivent dans des histoires disciplinaires différentes mais parallèles sur le plan didactique : elles concernent toutes deux l’objet « langue française » et traitent de l’organisation des activités d’enseignement-apprentissage. Dans le domaine du FLE, la notion d’unité didactique vise à donner un cadre à l’organisation des activités de découverte et d’appropriation de la langue pour des non-francophones afin de développer leur capacité à communiquer et à agir dans cette langue. Dans le domaine du FLM-FL1, la notion de séquence didactique a émergé à partir des recherches linguistiques et didactiques sur les types textuels et les genres discursifs et sur leur enseignabilité, notamment sur celle des genres discursifs propres à l’oral. L’organisation des activités d’enseignement-apprentissage en cours de français (FLE ou FLM-FL1) se trouvant au cœur du métier d’enseignant, cela entraine des questions comme : quel enchainement d’activités est potentiellement propice à l’apprentissage de la langue ou d’un genre discursif ? Dans quelle cohérence doit se construire une suite d’exercices proposés aux apprenants ? Comment un cadre d’organisation des activités peut-il être adaptable dans différents contextes éducatifs ? À partir des travaux didactiques qui présentent des schémas repères pour l’organisation des unités ou des séquences, nous comparons les fonctions de ces deux notions modélisées afin d’en déterminer les convergences et les variations en termes de planification de l’action enseignante et des contours des objets enseignés. Nous illustrons notre propos d’exemples d’unités ou de séquences, ce qui nous permet d’analyser en quoi ces modélisations proposent un cadre à la fois cohérent et adaptable en situation.
Les langues à l'école ou l'importance de négocier pour apprendre
Authors: Feunteun Anne
Published: May 2012

Cet article s’appuie sur une recherche longitudinale en didactique des langues qui donne à voir qu’un travail guidé, mené par les maitres avec leurs élèves de cycle 2, sur l’expression partagée et négociée de leurs attentes et de leurs perceptions, au contact de langues variées (français langue de l’école, langues familiales, langues du monde et langue nouvelle – l’anglais) contribue à une évolution potentielle de leurs représentations quant à l’ensemble des apprentissages linguistiques et culturels vécus à l’école et hors de l’école. On observe que ce choix de démarche réflexive partagée affine l’écoute, encourage et valorise la parole et favorise chez chaque acteur une prise de « pouvoir » progressive sur sa façon de percevoir et de s’approprier toute langue et culture en contexte scolaire. Cette recherche qualitative questionne ainsi les pratiques des enseignants à l’école, en France et propose une analyse de l’évolution des représentations de ces derniers sur ce que peut être l’enseignement et l’apprentissage des langues, au quotidien, dans la classe.
La variation dans l'enseignement-apprentissage d'une langue 2
Authors: Tyne Henry
Published: May 2012

Partant du constat de la présence inévitable de la variation en langue, l’article se donne pour objectif d’étudier la manière dont celle-ci a été décrite, modélisée, expliquée en L2 par les acquisitionnistes avant de se pencher sur la question de son apprentissage. Outre les différences qui existent en termes de prise en compte de la variation dans les productions en L1 et en L2, les méthodes d’enseignement actuellement en vigueur privilégient un regard fonctionnel de la variation en L2, où la maitrise de la variation peut être vue comme une compétence pour pouvoir communiquer dans différentes situations. Mais la question de la « sélection des formes » pour aborder l’apprentissage-enseignement de la variation en L2 se pose, soit en termes d’acquisition soit en termes de prise en compte de l’apprenant comme « utilisateur » de la langue en tant que véritable instrument de communication.
Imams, prêtres et commissaires : le facteur religieux dans l'administration d'une région musulmane soviétique (Tatarstan, 1922-1938)
Authors: Cadiot Juliette
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cet article examine les retournements de la politique religieuse en URSS dans les années 1920 et 1930 en s’intéressant aux positionnements des différentes communautés religieuse de la république à majorité musulmane du Tatarstan. Il montre la forte différenciation de la politique religieuse soviétique, au début des années 1920, en fonction des différents cultes, puis la généralisation des politiques de répression ou de mise sous tutelle des pratiques religieuses dans le cadre de la collectivisation des campagnes au cours des années 1930. En s’intéressant à l’activité de la Commission des cultes, chargée de recueillir les plaintes du clergé, il souligne surtout l’ancrage des sociabilités religieuses dans les campagnes tatares et la confiance marquée, jusqu’à une date tardive, des milieux musulmans à l’égard du pouvoir révolutionnaire, en dépit des campagnes antireligieuses.
Peuplement du centre-ville et mobilité des locataires. Lyon, 1891-1968
Authors: Bonneval Loïc , Robert François
Published: May 2012

Résumé À partir de la mise en commun de deux sources, les registres de comptabilité d’un administrateur de biens et les recensements de population, cet article vise à caractériser l’évolution des modes d’occupation dans les immeubles du centre-ville de Lyon entre 1891 et 1968. Cet intervalle permet de comparer une période de marché non réglementé et une période de contrôle des loyers à partir de 1914. En parvenant à mesurer l’importance du phénomène de la sous-location, on met en évidence le maintien d’un flux de mobilité résidentielle qui nuance l’image couramment répandue d’un blocage de la chaîne du logement consécutive au gel des loyers et qui explique la recomposition des hiérarchies sociales au sein des immeubles haussmanniens.
Les agents de probation face au développement des approches criminologiques : contraintes et ressources
Authors: de Larminat Xavier
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’exécution des peines est actuellement concernée par le développement des approches criminologiques, censées favoriser la gestion des flux et celle des risques de récidive. Pour les agents de probation qui prennent en charge les condamnés, elles constituent une contrainte, menaçant leur autonomie sous couvert de rationalisation, mais aussi une ressource technique, que certains tentent de mettre à profit dans une perspective de valorisation professionnelle.
Savoirs distribués et pouvoir d'institution : le cas des commissions d'appel à l'orientation scolaire
Authors: Buisson-Fenet Hélène
Published: May 2012

Résumé À partir de la démarche d’appel à l’orientation scolaire, cet article examine le jeu des compétences à l’œuvre dans la relation entre les acteurs de l’institution scolaire et leurs ressortissants. L’appel révèle d’abord la mise en concurrence d’expertises dans la définition du « métier d’élève ». La transformation de ces savoirs concurrentiels en une évaluation synthétique illustre à la fois l’autorité légitime du chef d’établissement qui préside la commission d’appel, et son rôle central dans l’activité de maintenance institutionnelle.
Huelgas e intercambio político en España
Authors: Luque David
Published: May 2012

A pesar de ser España uno de los países europeos con mayor actividad huelguística durante los últimos treinta años, la investigación empírica en este campo es inusualmente escasa y adolece de la falta de un análisis de largo recorrido. en este trabajo se aborda el estudio de la actividad huelguística en España durante las tres últimas décadas con el principal objetivo de desarrollar una explicación teóricamente fundada de su evolución y de sus principales mecanismos causales. del análisis desarrollado se desprende que el acusado descenso de los niveles de conflictividad registrados durante los últimos quince años es atribuible al desplazamiento de la lucha por la distribución de la renta del mercado, donde la huelga es el principal mecanismo de presión, al ámbito político, donde las modalidades de actuación no se limitan a la huelga.