bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of linear low‐density polyethylene nanocomposite films for storage of sugarcane juice
Authors: Manikantan M.R. , Pandiselvam R. , Arumuganathan T. , Varadharaju N. , Sruthi N. U. , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: February 2022

Sugarcane juice is a cheap and popular product in the beverage industry, with colors varying from light gray to dark green containing abundant amounts of polyphenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, minerals, and pigments. With ample sucrose content, sugarcane juice has evolved as the primary raw material for manufacturing 70% of the world's sugar content. Despite having high nutritional value, the shelf life of juice is a severe concern owing to the onset of microbial activities, which speeds up the fermentation process immediately after the extraction, which calls for appropriate packaging for delaying the qualitative degradation. For this purpose, the physicochemical properties, microbial stability, and color properties of “Mandya” variety sugarcane juice was ascertained upon storage in developed nanocomposite films made of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) by varying the levels of compatibilizer, nanoclay, and thickness. Upon evaluating the results, it was observed that the critical physicochemical attributes, namely, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, total sugars, and overall acceptability, were found to decrease with an increase in the level of nanoclay and compatibilizer and decrease in film thickness. Zero plate counts were observed till day 15 of storage, and a gradual increase was noticed in the further days. Correspondingly, an increase in the overall color difference with the progression of storage also occurred. It was concluded from the analysis that film of 100 μm thickness prepared from a combination of 93% LLDPE, 5% compatibilizer, and 2% nanoclay gave superior shelf life, minimum change in quality parameters, and least microbial population in sugarcane juice.

Practical Application

Fruit juice industries are interested in using packaging films with high tensile strength and low permeability instead of expensive glass bottles. Nanocomposite technology could be an effective tool for developing high‐barrier packaging material. LLDPE has many applications for developing both rigid form and flexible films. Most research studies on sugarcane juice preservation are confined to bottling, and there is a scarcity of information on the storage of sugarcane juice in pouches. In this context, the goal of the present study is to develop a cost‐effective packaging technology for the storage of sugarcane juice.
Surgical techniques used in the management of intra‐arachnoid diverticula in dogs across four referral centres and their immediate outcome
Authors: Jones B. , Behr S. , Shaw T. , Cappello R. , Jeffery N. , Liebel F. X. , Harcourt‐Brown T.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To report the surgical techniques being used to treat single focal spinal intra‐arachnoid diverticula in dogs, their complications and immediate postoperative outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective multi‐centre case series across four referral centres.

Results

Fifty‐seven dogs were included in the study. The most common type of surgery was durectomy (28 dogs) followed by marsupialisation (11 dogs), durotomy alone (seven dogs), shunt placement (six dogs) and stabilisation (five dogs).

A higher proportion of intra‐arachnoid shunt dogs became unable to walk in the immediate postoperative period (24 hours postsurgery) (4/6, 66%) compared to all dogs five of 57, 9% (2/7 durotomy alone, 3/28 durectomy alone). Of the nine dogs with immediate postoperative deterioration, seven had improved, walking without assistance, by 3 to 5 weeks postoperatively.

Clinical Significance

This study does not identify an influence of surgical technique on short‐term outcome. Dogs with a thoracolumbar intra‐arachnoid diverticulum that undergo a shunt placement are likely to deteriorate neurologically in the immediate 24‐hour postoperative period but appear to improve by 3 to 5 weeks after surgery. Further work is required to evaluate whether one surgical technique is superior for preventing or reducing long‐term relapse.
Broadening perspectives about incorporating international medical graduates
Authors: Wu Hongbin , Xu Xiaoming
Published: February 2022

The authors seek to help international medical graduates thrive by offering reflections on the perspectives of key stakeholders and discussions of IMGs' personal and professional experiences.
Gene mining of 100‐grain weight and the number of four‐seed pods in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Wang Nan Nan , Jiang Hong Wei , Zhang Zhan Guo , Li Ying Ying , Li Can Dong , Song Ying Bo , Li Yu , Yu Yan , Liu Chun Yan , Hu Zhen Bang , Qi Zhao Ming , Zhu Rong Sheng , Shan Da Peng , Jin Zhen Guo , Xin Da Wei , Wu Xiao Xia , Chen Qing Shan
Published: February 2022

The number of four‐seed pods and 100‐grain weight are important yield components in soybean. Typically, they are negatively correlated traits. Generally, soybean varieties with a high 100‐grain weight and a higher number of three‐ or four‐seed pods are more likely to obtain a high yield. It is difficult to select for double‐excellent traits that meet the needs of farmers and the market using conventional breeding methods. The purpose of this study was to mine genes associated with the number of four‐seed pods and 100‐grain weight in soybean. Whole‐transcriptome sequencing was performed on four specific chromosome segment substitution lines (HWMN, HWFN, LWMN and LWFN) combined with the distribution of blocks imported from wild soybean DNA fragments and gene annotation. The material was sampled in each of the eight development stages. Among them, globular embryo formation, heart embryo formation, and cotyledon primordium formation were used to mine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 3792 DEGs were identified, and 25 expression patterns were obtained by the K‐means rapid clustering method. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed by Agrigo, and a total of 43 GO terms were enriched. Through annotation analysis, 126 DEGs associated with seed size and number were obtained. Combined with analysis of the introduced DNA fragments of wild soybean ZYD00006, 19 genes that eventually aligned on those blocks were obtained. Six representative genes were selected as candidate genes, namely,Glyma.07G218200,Glyma.05G162100,Glyma.19G240800,Glyma.04G180300,Glyma.05G214400andGlyma.12G146700. They may regulate the formation of 100‐grain weight and the number of four‐seed pods, which will provide reference information for the genetic improvement of agronomic traits, such as seed number per pod and 100‐grain weight of soybean, in the future and will enrich the theoretical basis of high yield in soybean.
Characterization of alternatively spliced transcript variants of glycophorin A and glycophorin B genes in Chinese blood donors
Authors: Liang Yanlian , Ren Jianwei , Zhong Fuling , Hong Wenxu , Su Yuqing , Wu Fan , Liang Shuang , Liu Jun , Fang Shuanghua , Liang Yanwen , Fan Xiuchu , Lin Jiansuo , Liu Yi , Feng Bo , Xu Yunping
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives

The molecular basis of MNS blood group variants is not fully clear yet. In this study, we have characterized mRNA variants of GYPA and GYPB genes to reveal whether alternative RNA splicing may cause antigenic diversity of the MNS system.

Materials and Methods

Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood of Chinese blood donors and full‐length cDNA products were generated. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method was established for fragment amplification and Sanger sequencing. Resulted full‐length mRNA sequences were aligned with GYPA or GYPB genomic sequences respectively for exon identification. Amino acid (AA) sequences of GPA and GPB proteins were extrapolated and GYPA‐EGFP, GYPB‐EGFP fusion genes were generated to monitor subcellular distribution of the encoded glycophorin (GP) proteins.

Results

Totally 10 blood samples were analysed. GYPB mRNAs of all the subjects demonstrated frequent exon insertion or deletion whereas this kind of variation was only observed in 3 of 10 GYPA mRNA samples. None of the reported Miltenberger hybrids was detected in any of the mRNA samples. The alternative splicing resulted in changes of AA sequences in N‐terminal domains where the MNS antigenic motifs resided; however, subcellular localizations of GP‐EGFP fusion proteins showed that the above‐mentioned AA changes did not affect cell surface distribution of the encoded GP proteins.

Conclusions

Alternative RNA splicing may influence the antigenic features of GP proteins but not their cell surface distribution. Therefore, GYPA and GYPB mRNA characterization might be an invaluable supplement to serological phenotyping and DNA‐based genotyping in MNS blood grouping.
Antonia da silva Santos
Authors: da silva Santos Antonia
Published: February 2022

Trata-se de textos multimodais – notícias e charges relacionadas às manifestações orais ou escritas, emitidas pelos chefes de estado brasileiro, enfatizando, atualmente, o presidente da República. Neste sentido, objetiva a promoção de experiências que englobam variadas expressões ou relatos individuais nos quais seja descrita a capacidade de revelação dos sentimentos que apresentem cunho preconceituoso e apreendidos em histórias de vida, apresentando sentimentos, emoções, ações ou reações diante da leitura das questões, ou, ainda, alguma provável especificidade de reações conforme as linguagens caracterizadoras e representadas nas charges, levando em conta, as perspectivas do mundo no que se refere ao encontro ou desencontro das diferentes paixões, salientando os sentimentos de ira, raiva, indignação, ressentimentos, ódio, revolta e resistência, refletidos no desejo de liberdade e libertação sobretudo, no período de janeiro de 2019 até janeiro de 2021. Serão abordados os papéis significativos e distintivos que o ser humano apresenta em seu conjunto representativo, bem como, diverso, sobretudo, em relação aos sentimentos negativos que são propagados nas redes sociais - paixões, o que apresenta tamanha consistência temporal, reconhecida no Brasil e no mundo, no contexto atual.
Development of a didactic demonstrator for flow-induced noise mechanisms and mitigation technologies
Authors: Tamaro S. , Zamponi R. , Schram C.
Published: February 2022

A small didactic wind tunnel demonstrator has been designed and manufactured at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics to illustrate the physical principles at stake in flow-induced noise generation, offer an audible perception of the effectiveness of noise-mitigation strategies, and serve as a practical test bench for aeroacoustic education and research. Seven mitigation technologies are embedded in a single facility, which addresses the noise generation by an airfoil, noise propagation in a duct, and noise transmission through a flexible panel. A challenging objective of this facility was to offer a perceptible impression of various aeroacoustic noise mechanisms at low flow speeds and a live assessment of the effectiveness of noise-reduction technologies. Different approaches combining multiple microphones, advanced signal-processing techniques, and real-time audio feedback have been implemented to this end. A digital twin has been developed to assist the design of the facility and test the concepts implemented in it. The results establish that the demonstrator enables a clear perception of the effectiveness of the noise-mitigation technologies. The facility is also suitable for fast and inexpensive preliminary investigations of future noise-reduction concepts, taking advantage of rapid prototyping techniques.
A Meta-Analysis Approach to Defining the Culturable Core of Plant Endophytic Bacterial Communities
Authors: Riva Valentina , Mapelli Francesca , Bagnasco Agnese , Mengoni Alessio , Borin Sara
Published: February 2022

Endophytic bacteria are key members of the plant microbiome, which phylogenetic diversity has been widely described through next-generation sequencing technologies in the last decades. On the other side, a synopsis of culturable plant endophytic bacteria is still lacking in the literature.
Bacillus cereus Invasive Infections in Preterm Neonates: an Up-to-Date Review of the Literature
Authors: Lotte Romain , Chevalier Alicia , Boyer Laurent , Ruimy Raymond
Published: February 2022

Bacillus cereusgroup species are widespread, Gram-positive, spore-forming environmental bacteria.B. cereus sensu strictois one of the major causes of food poisoning worldwide. In high-risk individuals, such as preterm neonates,B. cereusinfections can cause fatal infections. It is important to note that the phenotypic identification methods commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories make no distinction betweenB. cereus sensu strictoand the other members of the group (Bacillus anthracisexcluded).
The Interferon-Inducible Human PLSCR1 Protein Is a Restriction Factor of Human Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Sadanari Hidetaka , Takemoto Masaya , Ishida Tomoki , Otagiri Hikaru , Daikoku Tohru , Murayama Tsugiya , Kusano Shuichi
Published: February 2022

Because several IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) have been reported to suppress HCMV replication, HCMV replication is thought to be regulated by an IFN-mediated host defense mechanism, but the mechanism remains unclear. PLSCR1 expression is induced in response to viral infection and IFN treatment, and PLSCR1 has been reported to play an important role in IFN-dependent antiviral responses.
A possible Guillain-Barré syndrome/transverse myelitis overlap syndrome after recent COVID-19
Authors: Alrubaye Riyadh , Bondugula Vijayamala , Baleguli Vidya , Chofor Rosemary
Published: February 2022

Neurological manifestations are common in SARS-CoV-2 infection, including life-threatening acute muscle weakness, due to neuromuscular disorders such as acute transverse myelitis (TM) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). These syndromes can rarely coexist and present as an overlap syndrome. Here, we report a patient who developed acute symmetrical proximal lower limb weakness 5 days after diagnosis of COVID-19. GBS was diagnosed due to the presence of motor signs, albumin-cytological dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid examination and axonal damage according to nerve condition tests. However, abnormal areas on MRI of the thoracic spine and lack of improvement with intravenous immunoglobulin supported a diagnosis of TM. Therefore, a possible overlap between GBS and TM was established. To our knowledge, this is the third case report of GBS/TM overlap syndrome after COVID-19. The patient’s full and rapid recovery with intravenous corticosteroids and plasmapheresis supports our diagnosis.
Developing a protocol based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines for individual dietary advice in the primary healthcare: theoretical and methodological bases
Authors: Louzada Maria Laura da Costa , Tramontt Cláudia Raulino , de Jesus Juliana Giaj Levra , Rauber Fernanda , Hochberg Jacqueline Resende Berriel , Santos Thanise Sabrina Souza , Jaime Patricia Constante
Published: February 2022

To describe the methodology of development of a protocol for application of the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines by primary healthcare professionals in individual dietary advice. A five-step approach was followed: (1) format definition; (2) definition of the instrument for assessment of individuals’ food consumption; (3) Dietary Guidelines’ content extraction; (4) protocol content development; (5) content and face validity. An example from Brazil was displayed with the development of a protocol to guide healthcare professional decision-making when providing nutrition advice based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines. The instrument of the Brazilian Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) was chosen to the food consumption assessment, which contains questions about the consumption of seven healthy or unhealthy food groups and one question about eating modes. The Guidelines’ content extraction process led to the identification of recommendations related to the food consumption markers assessed by the SISVAN questionnaire. Then, a protocol was developed in a flowchart format, in which the professional’s conduct is guided by the answer given to each question of the SISVAN instrument. For each ‘non-compliant’ answer (unhealthy eating practice), the professional is instructed how to provide recommendations and identify obstacles. Lastly, experts and healthcare professionals highlighted pertinence, clarity and usability of the protocol. This study provides the blueprint for the phase-wise development of protocols of application of the Dietary Guidelines and may contribute to promote healthier eating and ending malnutrition in all its forms.
The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Trigger Digits in a Random Sampling of a Japanese Population Registry between 50 and 89 Years of Age
Authors: OKITA Genki , HAYASHI Masanori , IKEGAMI Shota , IWAKAWA Hiroko , HARO Hirotaka , KATO Hiroyuki
Published: February 2022

Background: Trigger digit(s) (TD) is one of the most common disorders of the hand in the elderly population. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors for TD in an elderly Japanese population.

Methods: We randomly sampled 1,297 subjects between the ages of 50 and 89 years from the population registry of a town in Japan. About 413 subjects agreed to participate in the study, and all were examined for the presence of TD. Subjects were divided into three groups namely history of treatment for TD in the past (PTD), current evidence of TD (CTD) or both (BTD). The prevalence of TD was weighted by age according to the composition of the Japanese population. Age, female gender, obesity, hard manual work, exposure to vibration tools, sports activity, smoking, alcohol, wrist fracture, hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome were assessed as risk factors for TD using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: Forty subjects had TD. This included 18, 19 and 3 subjects with PTD, CTD and BTD, respectively. The weighted prevalence of TD was 9.7% (female, 14.3%; male, 4.4%) in the Japanese population aged 50–89 years. Age 70–79 and female gender were identified as risk factors for TD.

Conclusions: The random sampling of a Japanese population registry between the ages of 50 and 89 years revealed the prevalence of TD as 9.7% and identified age between 70 and 79 and female gender as risk factors for developing TD.

Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
Engineering Apomixis: Clonal Seeds Approaching the Fields
Authors: Underwood Charles J. , Mercier Raphael
Published: February 2022

Apomixis is a form of reproduction leading to clonal seeds and offspring that are genetically identical to the maternal plant. While apomixis naturally occurs in hundreds of plant species distributed across diverse plant families, it is absent in major crop species. Apomixis has a revolutionary potential in plant breeding, as it could allow the instant fixation and propagation though seeds of any plant genotype, most notably F1 hybrids. Mastering and implementing apomixis would reduce the cost of hybrid seed production, facilitate new types of hybrid breeding, and make it possible to harness hybrid vigor in crops that are not presently cultivated as hybrids. Synthetic apomixis can be engineered by combining modifications of meiosis and fertilization. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent major achievements toward the development of efficient apomictic systems usable in agriculture.
Phase Field Modeling of Crystallographic Corrosion Pits
Authors: Sahu Sarita , Frankel Gerald S.
Published: February 2022

The modeling of corrosion to understand and predict corrosion behavior is a topical issue. Here, a 3D phase field model is developed to simulate the pit morphology, primarily focusing on crystallographic pits. A crystallographic function is employed to incorporate different corrosion rates for different crystallographic planes. The model is benchmarked and validated against an analytical solution for a simple case. 3D crystallographic pits in a single crystal are simulated and the effect of substrate orientation on the pit morphology is studied. The crystallographic pit morphology changes significantly with the substrate orientation and these morphologies have a symmetry consistent with the substrate orientation. This first 3D phase field model of crystallographic pits will help in predicting the intricate shapes of pits, thereby, pushing the frontiers of pitting corrosion modeling.
Electrode Kinetic Study of Cu Electrodeposition with Supercritical CO2 by High Pressure Rotating Disk Electrode Method
Authors: Higuchi Kazuhito , Chang Tso-Fu Mark , Sone Masato
Published: February 2022

The electrochemical reaction mechanism on the electrode surface for the activation of Cu electrodeposition in a sulfate-based Cu plating solution containing poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) was studied by hydrodynamic voltammetry experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy performed using a rotating disk electrode system specially designed for high pressure environment. The experimental results demonstrated that the mixed Sc-CO2 had a significant inhibitory effect on Cu electrodeposition. In addition, a kinetics model was attempted to be constructed for the Sc-CO2 mixed system based on the conventional model for the system with suppressor. As a result, the same mechanism as in the conventional model can be used to explain the Sc-CO2 mixed system, Sc-CO2 micelles in the solution were suggested to adsorb on the electrode surface in the same manner as the PEG molecules, which affected the reaction mechanism and was expected to inhibit the reduction reaction of Cu ions. Furthermore, the mixed Sc-CO2 was presumed to reduce the transition coefficient by suppressing the reduction reaction of Cu2+ ions to the Cu+ complex by adsorption on the electrode surface.
Inversion for Constitutive Model Parameters of Bird in Case of Bird Striking
Authors: Yu Peng , Yu Siliu , He Sheng , Huang Xinheng , Yun Weijing
Published: February 2022

The strike between flying birds and airplanes results in the unacceptable losses of aircraft structures. The normal approach to evaluate the bird impact resistance is the combined full-scale experimental-numerical study. However, the simulation results from the current available bird constitutive models are usually not in good agreement with the experimental data. Establishing a reasonable bird constitutive model is difficult and significant to the simulation of the bird striking process. In this paper, based on the displacement measurements of an aluminum plate subjected to soft body impact, an inversion of the bird constitutive model is conducted by using backpropagation (BP) neural network. A comparative evaluation of this inversion model and other constitutive models is carried out, indicating that the proposed inversion model is more reasonable.
Improved Variable Step Size Least Mean Square Algorithm for Pipeline Noise
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Yang Songnan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao Wei
Published: February 2022

In this study, we employ the active noise control (ANC) method to eliminate the low-frequency part of the noise generated by the rotation of the axial fan in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) pipelines. Because the traditional variable step size least mean square (VSS-LMS) algorithm has poor tracking performance, we propose a variable step size filtered-X least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm based on the arctangent function to improve the adaptive filtering method of the convergence speed and noise cancellation effect. The step size of the proposed algorithm can be adjusted according to the error. When the error signal is significant, a larger step can be obtained, and when the error is small, the step size smoothness of the algorithm can be optimized. Compared with the traditional VSS-LMS algorithm, the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm is increased by 29%, the noise reduction effect is enhanced by 19%, and the mean square error (MSE) is reduced by 23% (0.0084). In addition, we developed a hardware experimental platform based on noise characteristics. In the noise reduction test using a GB/T 5836.2-06 standard PVC pipeline, the system reduced the noise by 12–17 dB.
Research and Implementation of Chinese Automatic Word Segmentation System Based on Complex Network Features
Authors: Si Huihui
Published: February 2022

In the field of Chinese information processing, automatic word segmentation is a fundamental concept. Complex networks are widely used in modeling and analysis of complex systems across a wide range of disciplines, prompting an increase in interest in the structure of complex networks and the relationship between structure and function among academics. In contrast to Western countries, while there is a syllabic change in spoken Chinese that has formed a degree of boundary, it appears in writing as continuous Chinese character strings with no obvious word segmentation marks and no morphological segmentation marks. In summary, an in-depth study of network news information processing through complex networks can provide effective means to purify the network environment and reduce massive waste of communication resources and users’ time, which is of significant research importance. The characteristics of complex networks are used to study the Chinese automatic word segmentation system in this paper. A new interdisciplinary subject, complex networks and complex systems, has emerged. Researchers from various disciplines are attempting to study complex systems through the lens of system complexity theory and complex network theory in order to better understand the mechanism of network fault diffusion.
Prolonged P Wave Peak Time May Be a Sign of LV Diastolic Dysfunction in the Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon
Authors: Aslan Burhan , Işık Ferhat , Akyüz Abdurrahman , İnci Ümit , Karadeniz Muhammed
Published: February 2022

Background. The coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is an atherosclerotic process that causes ischemia at the microvascular level. The CSFP may affect P wave durations, especially P wave peak time (PWPT), by microvascular ischemia, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and changes in the left atrial dimension. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to assess PWPT in the CSFP. Method. One hundred and ninety-five patients were included in this single-center, retrospective study. Ninety patients were enrolled in the CSFP group and 105 patients in the control group. PWPT was defined as the duration between the beginning and peak of the

p

wave and obtained from the leads Dıı and Vı. Results. The mean age of the study population was 48.5 ± 9.5, and 108 (55.3%) of the patients were female. We found PWPT was longer in the CSFP group than in the control group. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between PWPT in both leads (DII, Vı) and left atrial anterior-posterior diameter, mean TIMI frame count (TFC), and E/e. A significant relationship was observed between mean TFC, E/e, EF, heart rate, and PWPT in lead Dıı (β coefficient = 0.33, 95% CI 0.44–1.33,

p
<
0.001

, β coefficient = 0.23, 95% CI 0.25–1.85,

p
=
0.01

, β coefficient = -0.140, 95% CI −1.04–−0.53,

p
=
0.03

, and β coefficient = −0.13, 95% CI −0.29–−0.014,

p
=
0.03

, respectively) in multivariable linear analysis. Conclusion. In the present study, we found prolonged PWPT in patients with the CSFP and found a relationship between PWPT and mean TFC.
Analysis of Single-Diode PV Model and Optimized MPPT Model for Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Senthilkumar S. , Mohan V. , Mangaiyarkarasi S. P. , Karthikeyan M.
Published: February 2022

The performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems must be predicted through accurate simulation designs before proceeding to a real-time application to avoid errors. However, predicting the cohesive relationship between current and voltage and estimating the parameters of a single diode model become a perplexing task due to insufficient data in the datasheet of PV panels. This research work presents single-diode solar PV system simulation analysis under different conditions, and the performance is improved by introducing an optimization-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy. Before simulation, a mathematical model for a single diode and optimization approaches are presented in this research work. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), BAT optimization, and grey wolf optimization (GWO) model-based MPPT circuits are designed, and the performances are comparatively analyzed. The simulation results identify the nonlinear relationship between current and voltage and between power and voltage as characteristic curves for different temperature and irradiance values. For maximum power (Pmax), the maximum peak point tracking power and efficiency are analyzed to verify the optimization-based MPPT system. The simulation results demonstrate that the GWO model obtains a maximum tracking efficiency (TE) of 98%, which is much better than that of other optimization techniques.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Colonic Mucosa of Ulcerative Colitis Patients Is Mediated by PERK and IRE1 Pathway Activation
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno Lima , Dotti Isabella , Pascoal Lívia Bitencourt , Morari Joseane , Esteller Miriam , Coope Andressa , Ayrizono Maria de Lourdes Setsuko , Salas Azucena , Leal Raquel Franco
Published: February 2022

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a chronic overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. During an acute phase, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is overloaded and the protein folding process is impaired, a condition named ER stress. This state induces a response (unfolded protein response (UPR)), initiated by the activation of IRE1/Xbp-1, PERK/eIF2α, and ATF6 pathways, which has previously been linked to intestinal inflammation in experimental models. ER stress and UPR activation trigger the activation of proinflammatory, autophagy, and apoptosis genes, in addition to promoting protein degradation. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the activation of ER stress and UPR in colonic mucosa of UC patients. Patient and Methods. Transcriptional analysis of ER stress- and UPR-related genes was performed by qPCR from intestinal mucosa of patients with UC. We also performed in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHQ) of PERK/eIF2α and IRE1/Xbp-1 pathways and UPR-related chaperones. Results. We first evaluated inflammatory genes via qPCR, and we observed that all analyzed proinflammatory transcripts were upregulated in UC patients. ISH and IHQ images showed that ER stress is activated via PERK/eIF2α and IRE1/Xbp-1 pathways not only in intestinal epithelial cells but also in cells of the lamina propria of UC colonic mucosa. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that EIF2AK3 was upregulated in UC patients. UPR-related genes, such as ATF3, STC2, and DDIT3, along with the chaperones and cochaperones DNAJC3, CALR, HSP90B1, and HSPA5, were also upregulated in UC patients. In addition, we observed that proapoptotic and autophagy genes (Bax and ATG6L1, respectively) were also upregulated. Conclusion. Our results suggest that ER stress and UPR are indeed activated in UC patients and this may contribute to the chronic inflammatory process seen in UC. The increased apoptosis and autophagy markers further support the activation of these findings once they are activated to counterbalance tissue damage. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that maintain UC activity and open new possibilities to attenuate intestinal inflammation.
Numerical and Experimental Study on Crushing Properties of Hard Coal Using Impacting-Cutting Technique
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Cong , Tian Ying
Published: February 2022

The reserves of high-quality coal seams have been greatly reduced in recent years, and the low efficiency of traditional cutting methods in hard coal seams has become a problem for the coal production industry. In order to improve the mining efficiency, an impacting-cutting technique was proposed in this study. A drum modification model with picks impact function was established, and crushing properties of the impacting-cutting drum at f4, f5, and f6 coal hardness were simulated using the discrete element method. The simulation results show that the impacting-cutting drum has higher coal crushing efficiency, lower drum force, and more stable cutting processes than the traditional drum. It shows that hard coal might be effectively reduced by the impacting-cutting technique to reduce the difficulty of mining, and reflected the applicability in hard coal seams. Meanwhile, a simplified test device for the impacting-cutting technique was designed. And the actual coal crushing performance was tested. The test results show that the force of the cutting mechanism in the impact mode is lower than that of the nonimpact mode, and the force is more stable. It proves that the impacting-cutting technique has a higher applicability of hard coal seams than the traditional technique.
Research on Children’s Education App Network Transmission Based on 5G Mobile Computing Technology
Authors: Tangjuan Mou , Il-Tae Kim
Published: February 2022

With the continuous improvement of China’s scientific and technological level, the popularity of mobile network technology is becoming more and more widespread. Many big data technologies and wireless sensor technologies have brought new changes to people’s lives. At present, the functions of communication technology and network transmission have moved from perfection to new innovation and development. 5G mobile network technology has played an important role in various fields. When China’s economy and science and technology develop better and better, people pay more and more attention to children’s education. The research on children’s education has become a hot topic. From the above background, this paper studies the network transmission function and network transmission path of children’s education app in 5G era mobile computing technology. First, starting from the development trend and main functions of 5G, this paper briefly describes the functional requirements of children’s education app. The efficient data transmission in the 5G mobile wireless sensor network is applied to children’s education app. Starting from the distance of network transmission nodes, the data transmission optimization algorithm is adopted, and the network transmission module is composed of the best transmission path of nodes. Combined with the energy-saving effect of mobile computing technology, the problem of excessive consumption of network transmission resources is optimized. Finally, the data transmission path is studied in the 5G mobile network. The results show that 5G mobile computing technology can optimize the network transmission performance, improve the operation efficiency of the server, and has a good effect in solving the problems of delay and low coverage. In the process of children’s education app network transmission under 5G mobile computing technology, it can ensure the user’s personal information and improve the security of system feedback.
Shenlian (SL) Decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound, May Ameliorate Blood Glucose via Mediating the Gut Microbiota in db/db Mice
Authors: Sun Rui-xi , Huang Wei-jun , Xiao Yao , Wang Dou-dou , Mu Guo-hua , Nan He , Ni Bo-ran , Huang Xiao-qiang , Wang Hsuan-chuan , Liu Yi-fan , Fu Qiang , Zhao Jin-xi
Published: February 2022

Shenlian (SL) decoction is a herbal formula composed of Coptis and ginseng, of which berberine and ginsenoside are the main constituents. Even though SL decoction is widely used in treating diabetes in China, the mechanism of its antidiabetes function still needs further study. Gut microbiota disorder is one of the important factors that cause diabetes. To explore the effect of SL decoction on intestinal microbiota, gut microbiota of mice was analyzed by sequencing the gut bacterial 16S rRNA V3+V4 region and metagenomics. In this study, results demonstrated that SL decoction had a better hypoglycemic effect and β cell protection effect than either ginseng or Coptis chinensis. Alpha diversity analysis showed that all interventions with ginseng, Coptis, and SL decoction could reverse the increased diversity and richness of gut microbiota in db/db mice. PCoA analysis showed oral SL decoction significantly alters gut microbiota composition in db/db mice. 395 OTUs showed significant differences after SL treatment, of which 37 OTUs enriched by SL decoction showed a significant negative correlation with FBG, and 204 OTUs decreased by SL decoction showed a significant positive correlation with FBG. Results of KEGG analysis and metagenomic sequencing showed that SL decoction could reduce the Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Helicobacteraceae, which were related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, and peroxisome, respectively. It could also upregulate the abundance of Bacteroidaceae, which contributed to the metabolism of starch and sucrose as well as pentose-glucuronate interconversions. In the species level, SL decoction significantly upregulates the relative abundance of Bacteroides_acidifaciens which showed a significant negative correlation with FBG and was reported to be a potential agent for modulating metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. In conclusion, SL decoction was effective in hypoglycemia and its mechanism may be related to regulating gut microbiota via upregulating Bacteroides_acidifaciens.
Endoscopic Therapy of Small Bowel Polyps by Single-Balloon Enteroscopy in Patients with Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome
Authors: Cao Zhongsheng , Jin Weili , Wu Xueping , Pan Wensheng
Published: February 2022

Background. Little is known about the efficacy and safety of single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) in patients with Peutz−Jeghers syndrome (PJS). The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of SBE for the treatment of small bowel polyps in patients with PJS. Methods. We conducted a single-center observational study, which included all patients diagnosed with PJS who underwent SBE for polypectomy between January 2018 and March 2021. Complete treatment was defined as the absence of polyps ≥10 mm after SBE resection. The clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results. 102 patients (including 40 men and 62 women) with a mean age of 28.7 years (range 13–55 y) were enrolled in our study. The intubation depth via the oral approach of patients with a history of laparotomy was significantly shorter than that of the patients without a history of laparotomy ([241.6 ± 64.2] cm vs [280.9 ± 40.2] cm,

P
=
0.008

). The maximum size of the resected polyps via anus during the second hospitalization was significantly smaller than that during the first hospitalization ([2.25 ± 1.29] cm vs [4.26 ± 3.51] cm,

P
=
0.032

). For patients with total enteroscopy, the complete treatment rate was 98% (49/50). For patients without total enteroscopy, all polyps larger than 10 mm in the examined segment of small bowel were resected successfully. Complications occurred in 10 of 129 hospitalizations (delayed bleeding in 4, perforation in 3, and acute pancreatitis in 3). Conclusions. SBE is effective and safe for resection of small bowel polyps in patients with PJS.
Smart City + IoT Standardization Application Practice Model and Realization of Key Technologies
Authors: Song Chunqiao , Wu Xutong
Published: February 2022

Smart city gathers heterogeneous information, which requires a unified data access and collection mechanism. In this paper, based on the computing framework of IoT put forward to satisfy urban sensing network data acquisition, transmission, and computing technology system, according to the function requirements of IoT gateway, we put forward the method of building software system and hardware system and the urban perception network middleware architecture that can meet the demand of M2M, which can realize dynamic management of cognitive resources. It also supports ubiquitous services over HTTP. This is of great significance for providing intelligent services with diversity of solvers, controllers, and computing terminals. This paper focuses on how to comprehensively apply intelligent sensing, wireless transmission, data mining, and other technologies of the Internet of Things to associate data with typical application examples such as vehicle sensing and positioning technology and urban security sensor application. These typical applications can effectively solve the practical problems in urban operation and management, meet the needs of the expansion of the concept of Internet of things in urban management and the continuous deepening of management, and improve the scientific and intelligent level of urban operation and management.
Maio de 68: a brecha & vinte anos depois
Authors: Da Silva Anderson Lima , Costa Martha Coletto
Published: February 2022

Resenha: MAIO DE 68: A BRECHA & VINTE ANOS DEPOIS
“Povo quer”. Mas que povo quer o quê? A propósito das “Revoluções Árabes”
Authors: Laacher Smaïn
Published: February 2022

A literatura sobre o que se chamou de “primaveras árabes” é atualmente abundante. Numerosas são as obras e os artigos que se propuseram a esclarecer e interpretar os protestos públicos que tangem  com alcance inédito um número muito grande de países árabes. Propomo-nos, nos desenvolvimentos que se seguem, pôr em relevo de maneira sintética algumas perspectivas analíticas que podem resumir ascaracterísticas principais destas revoluções atrasadas. É preciso render-se à evidência: subverter uma ditadura não significa modificar substancialmente os paradigmas que estão no fundamento da ordem social e das estruturas mentais.
Recuperação Fiscal da Receita do ISSQN da Cadeia Produtiva de Petróleo, Gás, Etanol, Energia e seus Derivados no Município de Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil.
Authors: Cesário Nilson Viana
Published: February 2022

O propósito deste artigo é problematizar  a necessidade da Estruturação Fiscal do Município de Duque de Caxias - RJ com fins de garantir a receita do Imposto Sobre Serviço de Qualquer Natureza - ISSQN, dos Contratos de Serviços da Cadeia Produtiva de Petróleo, Gás, Etanol, Energia e seus Derivados, tendo sido produzido mecanismo para impedir que ocorresse a evasão deste imposto para outros Municípios. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualiquanti, com metodologia de pesquisa documental de fonte direta e indireta, procedimento de revisão bibliográfica, além da observação empírica. Foram analisados os relatórios em que estavam registradas todas as ocorrências referentes à retenção e ao recolhimento do ISSQN nas empresas com atividades na Cadeia Produtiva e executados nos contratos de serviço dos últimos cinco anos (fevereiro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2017) da gestão da Secretaria Municipal de Fazenda e Planejamento de Duque de Caxias - RJ, e o acesso foi possível através da autorização do Governo Municipal. A partir desta análise, encontrou-se falhas na gestão fiscal tributária municipal, dentre elas, na legislação municipal, a qual não garantia a o recolhimento e nem a retenção do Imposto pelo município. Ocorrência identificada pela Diretoria de Petróleo, Gás e Energia, que observou-se a evasão fiscal para outros municípios do Imposto Sobre Serviço de Qualquer Natureza ISSQN. No decorrer do processo de pesquisa, este fato foi apresentado ao Prefeito da Cidade, que autorizou a elaboração a Lei 2887/2017, que estruturou a fiscalização tributária municipal, garantindo a retenção e o recolhimento do ISSQN no Município de Duque de Caxias a partir de 02 de Janeiro de 2018, sendo identificada e extinta a causa do desvio do ISSQN para outros Municípios.
Identifying Best Practices to Improve Evaluation and Management of In-Hospital Stroke: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Nouh Amre , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Furie Karen L. , Kernan Walter N. , Olson DaiWai M. , Testai Fernando D. , Alberts Mark J. , Hussain Mohammed A. , Cumbler Ethan U. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health
Published: February 2022

This scientific statement describes a path to optimizing care for patients who experience an in-hospital stroke. Although these patients are in a monitored environment, their evaluation and treatment are often delayed compared with patients presenting to the emergency department, contributing to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Reducing delays and optimizing treatment for patients with in-hospital stroke could improve outcomes. This scientific statement calls for the development of hospital systems of care and targeted quality improvement for in-hospital stroke. We propose 5 core elements to optimize in-hospital stroke care:

1. Deliver stroke training to all hospital staff, including how to activate in-hospital stroke alerts.

2. Create rapid response teams with dedicated stroke training and immediate access to neurological expertise.

3. Standardize the evaluation of patients with potential in-hospital stroke with physical assessment and imaging.

4. Address barriers to treatment potentially, including interfacility transfer to advanced stroke treatment.

5. Establish an in-hospital stroke quality oversight program delivering data-driven performance feedback and driving targeted quality improvement efforts. Additional research is needed to better understand how to reduce the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of in-hospital stroke.
Ockham and Chatton on Intellective Intuition
Authors: Amerini Fabrizio
Published: February 2022

Intellective intuitive cognition plays a key role in William of Ockham’s philosophy. On many occasions, Walter Chatton argues that this kind of cognition is unnecessary. Chatton has two main arguments for his point. First, he raises doubts about the possibility of distinguishing intellective intuitive cognition from sensory intuitive cognition. The former always arises with the latter, and whatever we can explain through the former, we can explain equally well through the latter. Second, he argues that we cannot separate the intellective intuitive cognition of a singular thing from the cognition of the species of that thing. We cannot intuitively and intellectively cognize a thing without recognizing that thing as a thing of a certain kind. Chatton’s conclusion is that since we can never experience an act of intellective intuitive cognition in itself, it is superfluous to posit this act of cognition. We can explain the singular cognition of an extramental singular simply by making the cognition of its species and the sensory intuitive cognition of it interact with each other.
A Husserlian Critique of Pannenberg’s Understanding of Subjectivity
Authors: Kim Kyung Phil
Published: February 2022

I argue that Wolfhart Pannenberg’s view of human subjectivity presupposes a metaphysics of eternity that both contracts and expands the human subject. For this purpose, Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology is a useful criterion. Pannenberg rejects substantialist theories of subjectivity that give priority to the agency of the ego over the passivity of the self. Following Friedrich Schleiermacher, Pannenberg thinks self-reflection must be grounded on a symbiotic totality of life, and he views essences, even of subjectivity, as determined by that totality. In contrast, Husserl provides both an essentialist theory of subjectivity and a viable model for self-reflection that does not suffer from infinite regress. Husserl does more justice to the mineness of consciousness and the agency of the ego, while not discarding the narrativity of the self.