bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Central Nervous System Manifestations of COVID-19: A Critical Review and Proposed Research Agenda
Authors: Hewitt Kelsey C. , Marra David E. , Block Cady , Cysique Lucette A. , Drane Daniel L. , Haddad Michelle M. , Łojek Emilia , McDonald Carrie R. , Reyes Anny , Eversole Kara , Bowers Dawn
Published: April 2021

Objective:

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new viral entity, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), to be a worldwide pandemic. The characteristics of this virus, as well as its short- and long-term implications, are not yet well understood. The objective of the current paper was to provide a critical review of the emerging literature on COVID-19 and its implications for neurological, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive functioning.

Method:

A critical review of recently published empirical research, case studies, and reviews pertaining to central nervous system (CNS) complications of COVID-19 was conducted by searching PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and bioRxiv.

Results:

After considering the available literature, areas thought to be most pertinent to clinical and research neuropsychologists, including CNS manifestations, neurologic symptoms/syndromes, neuroimaging, and potential long-term implications of COVID-19 infection, were reviewed.

Conclusion:

Once thought to be merely a respiratory virus, the scientific and medical communities have realized COVID-19 to have broader effects on renal, vascular, and neurological body systems. The question of cognitive deficits is not yet well studied, but neuropsychologists will undoubtedly play an important role in the years to come.
Adolescent vegetable consumption: the role of socioemotional family characteristics
Authors: Melbye Elisabeth L , Hausken-Sutter Solveig E , Lien Nanna , Bjelland Mona
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To describe associations between adolescents’ frequency of vegetable consumption, food parenting practices and socioemotional family characteristics, and to explore potential mediated relationships that may contribute to an understanding of the family processes involved.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey among adolescents aged 13–15 years.

Setting:

A survey questionnaire including self-report measures on adolescents’ frequency of vegetable consumption, perceived food parenting practices (i.e. family dinner frequency, maternal/paternal healthy eating guidance (HEG), maternal/paternal social support for vegetable consumption) and socioemotional family characteristics (i.e. general family functioning and level of cohesion and conflict within the family) was distributed in a convenience sample of secondary school students.

Participants:

Four hundred forty students from five secondary schools in eastern Norway completed the questionnaire.

Results:

Results from multiple linear regression analysis revealed positive and statistically significant associations between adolescents’ frequency of vegetable consumption, maternal HEG and family cohesion. A partial indirect (mediated) association between family cohesion and adolescents’ frequency of vegetable consumption, working through maternal HEG, was also found.

Conclusions:

Results from the present study suggest that perceived family cohesion may influence adolescents’ frequency of vegetable consumption both directly and indirectly. However, there is a need for continued investigation of family-related factors influencing adolescent eating. In particular, the role of socioemotional family characteristics should be further scrutinised in future studies.
ERRATUM/CORRIGENDUM, OCTOBER 2020, FOR ’A BOGOMOLOV UNOBSTRUCTEDNESS THEOREM FOR LOG-SYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS IN GENERAL POSITION’ (J. INST. MATH. JUSSIEU 19 (2018), 1509–1519)
Authors: Ran Ziv
Published: April 2021

The general position hypothesis needs strengthening.
HUME AND THE ‘SECRET CONNEXION’: WHY CAUSATION IS A SINGULAR AFFAIR
Authors: Le Poidevin Robin
Published: April 2021

The great Scottish Enlightenment man of letters David Hume (1711–76) offered an account of causation in terms of regularities: repeated pairings of certain kinds of events. Anything more than this, a supposed ‘secret connexion’ binding individual causes and effects, is not something we could ever experience. This, at least, is the view traditionally ascribed to him. Here the account, and its empiricist motivation, is outlined, and a fundamental problem identified: his account of causation is in tension with his account of the way in which we acquire the concept of a distinctive connection between causes and effects. To explain both our experience of causation, and causation's intimate connection with time, we need to appeal to singular causation: the connection between individual events which Hume found so elusive.
CRITIQUE OF BRIAN EARP'S WRITING TIPS FOR PHILOSOPHERS
Authors: Frederick Danny
Published: April 2021

I criticize Brian Earp's ‘Some Writing Tips for Philosophy’. Earp's article is useful for someone who wishes to do well in analytic philosophy as currently practised but it also casts doubt on why such analytic philosophy would be of interest to someone who wants to learn something new. In addition to its good tips, Earp's article contains two bad tips which, if followed, will tend to produce a paper that says next to nothing. I list the two faulty tips, show how the practices of great philosophers and scientists contradict them, then set out some contrary good tips for philosophers who aim to write a paper that makes a contribution to our knowledge.
Who Do You Trust? The Consequences of Partisanship and Trust for Public Responsiveness to COVID-19 Orders
Authors: Goldstein Daniel A.N. , Wiedemann Johannes
Published: April 2021

Non-uniform compliance with public policy by citizens can undermine the effectiveness of government, particularly during crises. Mitigation policies intended to combat the novel coronavirus offer a real-world measure of citizen compliance, allowing us to examine the determinants of asymmetrical responsiveness. Analyzing county-level cellphone data, we leverage staggered roll-out to estimate the causal effect of stay-at-home orders on mobility using a difference-in-differences strategy. We find movement is significantly curtailed, and examination of descriptive heterogeneous effects suggests the key roles that partisanship and trust play in producing irregular compliance. We find that Republican-leaning counties comply less than Democratic-leaning ones, which we argue underlines the importance of trust in science and acceptance of large-scale government policies for compliance. However, this partisan compliance gap shrinks when directives are given by Republican leaders, suggesting citizens are more trusting of co-partisan leaders. Furthermore, we find that higher levels of social trust increase compliance; yet these gains attenuate or intensify depending upon community-level partisan sentiments. Our study provides a real-world, behavioral measure that demonstrates the influence of partisanship, social trust, and their interaction on citizen welfare. Finally, we argue that our results speak to how trust in government may impact successful containment of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Upper Limit of Proton Anisotropy and Its Relation to Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Noh Sung‐Jun , Lee Dae‐Young , Kim Hyomin , Lanzerotti Louis J. , Gerrard Andrew , Skoug Ruth M.
Published: April 2021

Proton anisotropy in velocity space has been generally accepted as a major parameter for exciting electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. In this study, we estimate the proton anisotropy parameter as defined by the linear resonance theory using data from the Van Allen Probes mission. Our investigation uses the measurements of the inner magnetosphere (L < 6) from January 2013 to February 2018. We find that the proton anisotropy is always clearly limited by an upper bound and it well follows an inverse relationship with the parallel proton β (the ratio of the plasma pressure to the magnetic pressure) within a certain range. This upper bound exists over wide spatial regions, AE conditions, and resonance energies regardless of the presence of EMIC waves. EMIC waves occur when the anisotropy lies below but close to this upper bound within a narrow plasma β range: The lower cutoff β is due to an excessively high anisotropy threshold and the upper cutoff β is possibly due to the predominant role of a faster‐growing mirror mode instability. We also find that the anisotropy during the observed EMIC waves is unstable, leading to the linear ion cyclotron instability. This result implies that the upper bound of the anisotropy is due to nonlinear processes.
GRACE Follow‐On Accelerometer Data Recovery
Authors: Behzadpour Saniya , Mayer‐Gürr Torsten , Krauss Sandro
Published: April 2021

In Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow‐on (GRACE‐FO) mission, similar to its predecessor GRACE, the twin satellites are equipped with three‐axis accelerometers, measuring the non‐gravitational forces. After 1 month in orbit, during the in‐orbit‐checkout phase, the noise on GRACE‐D accelerometer measurements elevated and resulted in systematical degradation of the data. For this reason, the GRACE‐D data need to be replaced by synthetic data, the so‐called transplant data, officially generated by the GRACE‐FO Science Data System (SDS). The SDS transplant data are derived from the GRACE‐C accelerometer measurements, by applying time and attitude corrections. Furthermore, model‐based residual accelerations due to thruster firings on GRACE‐D were added, proven to improve the data quality in gravity field recovery. However, preliminary studies of GRACE‐FO data during the single accelerometer months show that the low degree zonal harmonics, in particular C20 and C30, are sensitive to the current transplant approach. In this work, we present a novel approach to recover the GRACE‐D ACT1B data by incorporating non‐gravitational force models and analyze its impact on monthly gravity field solutions. The results show the improved ACT1B data not only contributed to a noise reduction but also improved the estimates of the C20 and C30 coefficients. The application of this new approach demonstrates that the offset between Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and GRACE‐FO derived C30 time series can be reduced by the use of the alternative accelerometer product.
Aftershocks and Background Seismicity in Tangshan and the Rest of North China
Authors: Chen Yuxuan , Liu Mian , Wang Hui
Published: April 2021

The 1976 Great Tangshan earthquake (Ms 7.8) in North China was the deadliest earthquake in the past century. Understandably, a sequence of moderate (M ≥ 4.5) earthquakes in recent years in the Tangshan region, including the Ms 5.1 earthquake on July 12, 2020, raised much social concern and scientific debate about the seismic risk near Tangshan and in North China, a region of active intraplate seismicity. Are these recent events aftershocks of the 1976 Great Tangshan earthquake or are they background earthquakes? Here, we separated clustered events (i.e., aftershocks) from background earthquakes in Tangshan and the entire North China using the nearest‐neighbor (NN) method, and estimated the duration of the 1976 Tangshan aftershock sequence by fitting the decay of seismicity with respect to the background seismicity. Our results suggest that the recent moderate earthquakes are likely aftershocks. This is consistent with their occurrences in places of increased Coulomb failure stress due to the 1976 Great Tangshan earthquake. The estimated aftershock duration is around 65–100 years for the 1976 Great Tangshan earthquake. The background seismicity in North China, obtained by removing aftershocks identified by the NN method, is relatively stationary in space but varies in time, decreasing slightly in recent years. Major active tectonic zones, including the Shanxi Rift and the Zhangjiakou‐Penglai fault system, show correlation between relatively high background seismicity, high geodetic strain rates, and large historic earthquakes. Such correlation, however, is poor within the North China Plain, highlighting the complexity of intraplate earthquakes.
Extreme Aerosol Events Over Eastern North America: 1. Characterizing and Simulating Historical Events
Authors: Guo Yafang , Crippa Paola , Thota Abhinav , Pryor Sara C.
Published: April 2021

Improved characterization of the spatiotemporal extent, intensity, and causes of extreme aerosol optical depth events is critical to quantifying their regional climate forcing and the link to near‐surface air quality. An analysis of regional‐scale extreme aerosol events over the eastern United States is undertaken using output from the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA‐2) reanalysis and observations from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS). Six extreme aerosol optical depth (AOD) events during 2003–2007, dominated by anthropogenic emissions and characterized by a regional scale extent, are identified and simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) applied at 12 km resolution. Statistical analyses show output from WRF‐Chem during these events is generally negatively biased in terms of the mean AOD and PM2.5, but WRF‐Chem exhibits skill in capturing the peak AOD. WRF‐Chem also exhibits fidelity in reproducing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the extreme AOD events in intensity, location of centroid, propagation, duration, and their spatial extension. Considerable event‐to‐event variability in model skill in simulating spatial patterns of extreme events is observed, with the highest spatial correlation with MERRA‐2 AOD noted for events centered in the Midwest. Mean fractional bias in modeled peak AOD is minimized for the most intense events and for events centered over the southeastern USA. WRF‐Chem output is also negatively biased in downwelling shortwave radiation at the ground and specific humidity consistent with a positive bias in simulated precipitation relative to MERRA‐2.
The Strengthening Association Between Siberian Snow and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Authors: Singh Randhir , Kishtawal Chandra M. , Singh Charu
Published: April 2021

ERA5 reanalysis data shows significant correlation between Siberian snow depth in March and following Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). Whilst the Siberian snow depth is negatively correlated with seasonal monsoon rainfall over most of India, it is positively correlated with the monsoon rain over north‐east Indian regions. This relationship has significantly strengthened during the past 2 decades. We show that the strengthening relationship is more likely related to recent atmospheric circulation changes owing to persistent global warming, particularly the changes in the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic. There are indications that during 1999–2018, the extratropical climatic variability (e.g., Arctic Oscillation [AO] and North Atlantic Oscillation [NAO]) significantly influenced Siberian snow in the month of March. In contrast, during the period 1979–1998, the influence of NAO and AO on Siberian snow was negligible. Analysis indicates that Siberian High, a dominant atmospheric circulation system that exerts strong influence on Eurasian weather and climate, has also significantly weakened during the past 2 decades. We hypothesize that the March Siberian snow influences the ISMR through a delayed hydrological response, in which the increased (reduced) accumulated snow during springtime provides wetter (drier) soil during the following summer. This leads to the alternation of the meridional tropospheric temperature gradient. The heavy (less) spring snowfall in north (south) Siberia led to changes in summertime meridional tropospheric temperature gradient, which resulted in the weakening of subtropical westerly jet and Tibetan anticyclone. The reduced intensity of tropical easterly jet connected to Tibetan anticyclone resulted in the weakening of summer monsoon Hadley cell, leading to subsequent suppression of rainfall. This association between Siberian snow and ISMR provides seasonal prediction potential.
Simultaneous Observations of EIP, TGF, Elve, and Optical Lightning
Authors: Østgaard N. , Cummer S. A. , Mezentsev A. , Luque A. , Dwyer J. , Neubert T. , Reglero V. , Marisaldi M. , Kochkin P. , Sarria D. , Lehtinen N. , Ullaland K. , Yang S. , Genov G. , Chanrion O. , Christiansen F. , Pu Y.
Published: April 2021

On February 8, 2019, the Atmosphere‐Space Interaction Monitor observed a terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF) and an Elve from a positive intracloud (+IC) lightning during the initial breakdown stage of a lightning flash north east of Puerto Rico. A second Elve produced by the return stroke (RS) of a negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) lightning was observed 456 ms later about 300 km south of the first one. Radio measurements show that a short (30 μs) and large (280 kA km) energetic in‐cloud pulse (EIP) produced the electromagnetic (EM) wave for the first Elve while the RS of the −CG was the EM source for the second Elve. Assuming that the EIP and the RS were the sources of the 777 nm emissions, both the delay relative to the ultra‐violet pulse and the shape and duration of the 777 nm emissions can be explained by scattering and absorption inside the clouds. The TGF produced by the +IC lightning had the same duration as the EIP (∼30 μs). Due to the ±80 μs timing uncertainty of the TGF, we can only state that TGF was produced just before or most likely simultaneously with the EIP. The large 777 nm pulse indicates that a large part of the EIP was produced by a current flowing in a hot channel, but it is likely that the TGF current also contributed significantly to the EIP.
Top‐of‐Atmosphere Radiation Budget and Cloud Radiative Effects Over the Tibetan Plateau and Adjacent Monsoon Regions From CMIP6 Simulations
Authors: Li Jiandong , Sun Zhian , Liu Yimin , You Qinglong , Chen Guoxing , Bao Qing
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget (RT) and cloud radiative effects (CREs) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and adjacent Asian monsoon regions including Eastern China (EC) and South Asia (SA) using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulations. Considerable simulation biases occur but specific causes differ in these regions. Most models underestimate the intensity of annual mean RT and cloud radiative cooling effect over the TP, and the RT during the cold‐warm transition period is hard to capture. The biases in surface temperature and cloud fractions substantially contribute to cloud‐radiation biases over the western and eastern TP, respectively. Over EC, the intensity of RT and cloud radiative cooling effect is seriously underestimated especially in the springtime when the model spread is large, and their biases are closely related to less low‐middle cloud fractions and weaker ascending motion. Over SA, simulation biases mainly arise from longwave radiative components associated with less high cloud fraction and weaker convection, with the large model spread in the summertime. The annual cycles of RT and CREs over EC and SA can be well reproduced by most models, while the summertime peak of the net CRE over the TP occurs later than the observation. The RT and its simulation bias strongly depend on the cloud radiative cooling effect over EC and SA. Our results demonstrate that contemporary climate models still have obvious difficulties in representing various complex cloud‐radiation processes in Asian monsoon regions.
Ground‐Based Multiangle Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Observation and Angular Normalization for Assessing Crop Productivity
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Jing M. , Ju Weimin , Zhang Yongguang , Li Zhaohui , He Liming , Pacheco‐Labrador Javier , Li Ji , Qiu Bo , Zhang Xiaokang , Qiu Feng , Chen Bin , Chou Shuren , Zhang Zhaoying , Shan Nan
Published: April 2021

Solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides remotely sensible signals for monitoring gross primary production (GPP). Ground‐based multiangle observations of both red and far‐red SIF above wheat and maize canopies were conducted to examine angular effects on SIF. With these new measurements, we were able for the first time to refine and apply an algorithm developed for angular normalization of both red and far‐red SIF measurements. The angular normalization improved the correlation of SIF with GPP derived from eddy covariance measurements at the instantaneous scale (1 min), with increases of the diurnal coefficients of determination (of sunlit SIF with GPP) up to 0.21 for far‐red SIF and 0.3 for red SIF based on analysis on 6 sunny days. The improvement was slightly smaller for far‐red SIF than for red SIF, attributing to that the observed angular variation of SIF in the red band was greater than that in the far‐red band due to weaker multiple scattering in the red band in the canopy. In addition, at the hourly time scale, far‐red sunlit SIF shows its advantage to track GPP for heterogonous canopies, while angular normalization of red SIF is effective for homogeneous canopies. In comparison with another angular normalization method based on the escape ratio using datasets over both wheat and maize canopies, the two kinds of method show similar ability to improve the correlation between SIF and GPP, while the results suggest a limitation of SIF in estimating GPP for dense canopies where the fraction of shaded leaves are large.
Clinical effect and antiviral mechanism of T-705 in treating severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Li Hao , Jiang Xia-Ming , Cui Ning , Yuan Chun , Zhang Shao-Fei , Lu Qing-Bin , Yang Zhen-Dong , Xin Qin-Lin , Song Ya-Bin , Zhang Xiao-Ai , Liu Hai-Zhou , Du Juan , Fan Xue-Juan , Yuan Lan , Yuan Yi-Mei , Wang Zhen , Wang Juan , Zhang Lan , Zhang Dong-Na , Wang Zhi-Bo , Dai Ke , Bai Jie-Ying , Hao Zhao-Nian , Fan Hang , Fang Li-Qun , Xiao Gengfu , Yang Yang , Peng Ke , Wang Hong-Quan , Li Jian-Xiong , Zhang Lei-Ke , Liu Wei
Published: April 2021

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus with high fatality and an expanding endemic. Currently, effective anti-SFTSV intervention remains unavailable. Favipiravir (T-705) was recently reported to show in vitro and in animal model antiviral efficacy against SFTSV. Here, we conducted a single-blind, randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of T-705 in treating SFTS (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry website, number ChiCTR1900023350). From May to August 2018, laboratory-confirmed SFTS patients were recruited from a designated hospital and randomly assigned to receive oral T-705 in combination with supportive care or supportive care only. Fatal outcome occurred in 9.5% (7/74) of T-705 treated patients and 18.3% (13/71) of controls (odds ratio, 0.466, 95% CI, 0.174–1.247). Cox regression showed a significant reduction in case fatality rate (CFR) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.366 (95% CI, 0.142–0.944). Among the low-viral load subgroup (RT-PCR cycle threshold ≥26), T-705 treatment significantly reduced CFR from 11.5 to 1.6% (P = 0.029), while no between-arm difference was observed in the high-viral load subgroup (RT-PCR cycle threshold <26). The T-705-treated group showed shorter viral clearance, lower incidence of hemorrhagic signs, and faster recovery of laboratory abnormities compared with the controls. The in vitro and animal experiments demonstrated that the antiviral efficacies of T-705 were proportionally induced by SFTSV mutation rates, particularly from two transition mutation types. The mutation analyses on T-705-treated serum samples disclosed a partially consistent mutagenesis pattern as those of the in vitro or animal experiments in reducing the SFTSV viral loads, further supporting the anti-SFTSV effect of T-705, especially for the low-viral loads.
Cytochrome bd promotes Escherichia coli biofilm antibiotic tolerance by regulating accumulation of noxious chemicals
Authors: Beebout Connor J. , Sominsky Levy A. , Eberly Allison R. , Van Horn Gerald T. , Hadjifrangiskou Maria
Published: April 2021

Nutrient gradients in biofilms cause bacteria to organize into metabolically versatile communities capable of withstanding threats from external agents including bacteriophages, phagocytes, and antibiotics. We previously determined that oxygen availability spatially organizes respiration in uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilms, and that the high-affinity respiratory quinol oxidase cytochrome bd is necessary for extracellular matrix production and biofilm development. In this study we investigate the physiologic consequences of cytochrome bd deficiency in biofilms and determine that loss of cytochrome bd induces a biofilm-specific increase in expression of general diffusion porins, leading to elevated outer membrane permeability. In addition, loss of cytochrome bd impedes the proton mediated efflux of noxious chemicals by diminishing respiratory flux. As a result, loss of cytochrome bd enhances cellular accumulation of noxious chemicals and increases biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics. These results identify an undescribed link between E. coli biofilm respiration and stress tolerance, while suggesting the possibility of inhibiting cytochrome bd as an antibiofilm therapeutic approach.
Selective AKT kinase inhibitor capivasertib in combination with fulvestrant in PTEN-mutant ER-positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Smyth Lillian M. , Batist Gerald , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Kabos Peter , Spanggaard Iben , Lluch Ana , Jhaveri Komal , Varga Andrea , Wong Andrea , Schram Alison M. , Ambrose Helen , Carr T. Hedley , de Bruin Elza C. , Salinas-Souza Carolina , Foxley Andrew , Hauser Joana , Lindemann Justin P. O. , Maudsley Rhiannon , McEwen Robert , Moschetta Michele , Nikolaou Myria , Schiavon Gaia , Razavi Pedram , Banerji Udai , Baselga José , Hyman David M. , Chandarlapaty Sarat
Published: April 2021

Five to ten percent of ER+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) tumors harbor somatic PTEN mutations. Loss of function of this tumor-suppressor gene defines a highly aggressive, treatment-refractory disease for which new therapies are urgently needed. This Phase I multipart expansion study assessed oral capivasertib with fulvestrant in patients with PTEN-mutant ER+ MBC. Safety and tolerability were assessed by standard methods. Plasma and tumor were collected for NGS and immunohistochemistry analyses of PTEN protein expression. In 31 eligible patients (12 fulvestrant naive; 19 fulvestrant pretreated), the 24-week clinical benefit rate was 17% in fulvestrant-naive and 42% in fulvestrant-pretreated patients, with objective response rate of 8% and 21%, respectively. Non-functional PTEN was centrally confirmed in all cases by NGS or immunohistochemistry. Co­mutations occurred in PIK3CA (32%), with less ESR1 (10% vs 72%) and more TP53 (40% vs 28%) alterations in fulvestrant-naive versus fulvestrant-pretreated patients, respectively. PTEN was clonally dominant in most patients. Treatment-related grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 32% of patients, most frequently diarrhea and maculopapular rash (both n = 2). In this clinical study, which selectively targeted the aggressive PTEN-mutant ER+ MBC, capivasertib plus fulvestrant was tolerable and clinically active. Phenotypic and genomic differences were apparent between fulvestrant-naive and -pretreated patients.

Trial registration number for the study is NCT01226316.
Phenotypic discordance between primary and metastatic breast cancer in the large-scale real-life multicenter French ESME cohort
Authors: Grinda Thomas , Joyon Natacha , Lusque Amélie , Lefèvre Sarah , Arnould Laurent , Penault-Llorca Frédérique , Macgrogan Gaëtan , Treilleux Isabelle , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Haudebourg Juliette , Maran-Gonzalez Aurélie , Charafe-Jauffret Emmanuelle , Courtinard Coralie , Franchet Camille , Verriele Véronique , Brain Etienne , Tas Patrick , Blanc-Fournier Cécile , Leroux Agnès , Loussouarn Delphine , Berghian Anca , Brabencova Eva , Ghnassia Jean Pierre , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Delaloge Suzette , Filleron Thomas , Lacroix-Triki Magali
Published: April 2021

Expression of hormone receptor (HR) for estrogens (ER) and progesterone (PR) and HER2 remains the cornerstone to define the therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients. We aimed to compare phenotypic profiles between matched primary and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the ESME database, a National real-life multicenter cohort of MBC patients. Patients with results available on both primary tumour and metastatic disease within 6 months of MBC diagnosis and before any tumour progression were eligible for the main analysis. Among the 16,703 patients included in the database, 1677 (10.0%) had available biopsy results at MBC diagnosis and on matched primary tumour. The change rate of either HR or HER2 was 27.0%. Global HR status changed (from positive = either ER or PR positive, to negative = both negative; and reverse) in 14.2% of the cases (expression loss in 72.5% and gain in 27.5%). HER2 status changed in 7.8% (amplification loss in 45.2%). The discordance rate appeared similar across different biopsy sites. Metastasis to bone, HER2+ and RH+/HER2- subtypes and previous adjuvant endocrine therapy, but not relapse interval were associated with an HR discordance in multivariable analysis. Loss of HR status was significantly associated with a risk of death (HR adjusted = 1.51, p = 0.002) while gain of HR and HER2 discordance was not. In conclusion, discordance of HR and HER2 expression between primary and metastatic breast cancer cannot be neglected. In addition, HR loss is associated with worse survival. Sampling metastatic sites is essential for treatment adjustment.
Adsorption space for microporous polymers with diverse adsorbate species
Authors: Anstine Dylan M. , Tang Dai , Sholl David S. , Colina Coray M.
Published: April 2021

The enormous number of combinations of adsorbing molecules and porous materials that exist is known as adsorption space. The adsorption space for microporous polymers has not yet been systematically explored, especially when compared with efforts for crystalline adsorbents. We report molecular simulation data for the adsorptive and structural properties of polymers of intrinsic microporosity with a diverse set of adsorbate species with 345 distinct adsorption isotherms and over 240,000 fresh and swollen structures. These structures and isotherms were obtained using a sorption-relaxation technique that accounts for the critical role of flexibility of the polymeric adsorbents. This enables us to introduce a set of correlations that can estimate adsorbent swelling and fractional free volume dilation as a function of adsorbate uptake based on readily characterized properties. The separation selectivity of the 276 distinct binary molecular pairs in our data is reported and high-performing adsorbent systems are identified.
Boston College daily sleep and well-being survey data during early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cunningham Tony J. , Fields Eric C. , Kensinger Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2021

While there was a necessary initial focus on physical health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is becoming increasingly clear that many have experienced significant social and mental health repercussions as well. It is important to understand the effects of the pandemic on well-being, both as the world continues to recover from the lasting impact of COVID-19 and in the eventual case of future pandemics. On March 20, 2020, we launched an online daily survey study tracking participants’ sleep and mental well-being. Repeated reports of sleep and mental health metrics were collected from participants ages 18–90 during the initial wave of the pandemic (March 20 – June 23, 2020). Given both the comprehensive nature and early start of this assessment, open access to this dataset will allow researchers to answer a range of questions regarding the psychiatric impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fallout left in its wake.
A global occurrence database of the Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus
Authors: Mancinelli Giorgio , Bardelli Roberta , Zenetos Argyro
Published: April 2021

The Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus is a portunid native to the western Atlantic, from New England to Uruguay. The species was introduced in Europe in 1901 where it has become invasive; additionally, a significant northward expansion has been emphasized in its native range. Here we present a harmonized global compilation of C. sapidus occurrences from native and non-native distribution ranges derived from online databases (GBIF, BISON, OBIS, and iNaturalist) as well as from unpublished and published sources. The dataset consists of 40,388 geo-referenced occurrences, 39,824 from native and 564 from non-native ranges, recorded in 53 countries. The implementation of quality controls imposed a severe reduction, in particular from online databases, of the records selected for inclusion in the dataset. In addition, a technical validation procedure was used to flag entries showing identical coordinates but different year of record, in-land occurrences and those located close to the coast. Similarly, a flagging system identified entries outside the known distribution of the species, or associated with unsuccessful introductions.
LoDoPaB-CT, a benchmark dataset for low-dose computed tomography reconstruction
Authors: Leuschner Johannes , Schmidt Maximilian , Baguer Daniel Otero , Maass Peter
Published: April 2021

Deep learning approaches for tomographic image reconstruction have become very effective and have been demonstrated to be competitive in the field. Comparing these approaches is a challenging task as they rely to a great extent on the data and setup used for training. With the Low-Dose Parallel Beam (LoDoPaB)-CT dataset, we provide a comprehensive, open-access database of computed tomography images and simulated low photon count measurements. It is suitable for training and comparing deep learning methods as well as classical reconstruction approaches. The dataset contains over 40000 scan slices from around 800 patients selected from the LIDC/IDRI database. The data selection and simulation setup are described in detail, and the generating script is publicly accessible. In addition, we provide a Python library for simplified access to the dataset and an online reconstruction challenge. Furthermore, the dataset can also be used for transfer learning as well as sparse and limited-angle reconstruction scenarios.
Dramatic nucleolar dispersion in the salivary gland of Schwenkfeldina sp. (Diptera: Sciaridae)
Authors: Amabis José Mariano , Gorab Eduardo
Published: April 2021

Micronucleoli are among the structures composing the peculiar scenario of the nucleolus in salivary gland nuclei of dipterans representative of Sciaridae. Micronucleolar bodies contain ribosomal DNA and RNA, are transcriptionally active and may appear free in the nucleoplasm or associated with specific chromosome regions in salivary gland nuclei. This report deals with an extreme case of nucleolar fragmentation/dispersion detected in the salivary gland ofSchwenkfeldinasp. Such a phenomenon in this species was found to be restricted to cell types undergoing polyteny and seems to be differentially controlled according to the cell type. Furthermore, transcriptional activity was detected in virtually all the micronucleolar bodies generated in the salivary gland. The relative proportion of the rDNA in polytene and diploid tissues showed that rDNA under-replication did not occur in polytene nuclei suggesting that the nucleolar and concomitant rDNA dispersion inSchwenkfeldinasp. may reflect a previously hypothesised process in order to counterbalance the rDNA loss due to the under-replication. The chromosomal distribution of epigenetic markers for the heterochromatin agreed with early cytological observations in this species suggesting that heterochromatin is spread throughout the chromosome length ofSchwenkfeldinasp. A comparison made with results from another sciarid species argues for a role played by the heterochromatin in the establishment of the rDNA topology in polytene nuclei of Sciaridae.
Altered gut microbiome and autism like behavior are associated with parental high salt diet in male mice
Authors: Afroz Kazi Farhana , Reyes Noah , Young Kobe , Parikh Kajal , Misra Varsha , Alviña Karina
Published: April 2021

Neurodevelopmental disorders are conditions caused by the abnormal development of the central nervous system. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is currently the most common form of such disorders, affecting 1% of the population worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms underlying ASD are not fully known. Recent studies have suggested that the maternal gut microbiome can have profound effects on neurodevelopment. Considering that the gut microbial composition is modulated by diet, we tested the hypothesis that ASD-like behavior could be linked to maternal diet and its associated gut dysbiosis. Therefore, we used a mouse model of parental high salt diet (HSD), and specifically evaluated social and exploratory behaviors in their control-fed offspring. Using 16S genome sequencing of fecal samples, we first show that (1) as expected, HSD changed the maternal gut microbiome, and (2) this altered gut microbiome was shared with the offspring. More importantly, behavioral analysis of the offspring showed hyperactivity, increased repetitive behaviors, and impaired sociability in adult male mice from HSD-fed parents. Taken together, our data suggests that parental HSD consumption is strongly associated with offspring ASD-like behavioral abnormalities via changes in gut microbiome.
Antimicrobial laser-activated sealants for combating surgical site infections
Authors: Urie Russell , McBride Michelle , Ghosh Deepanjan , Fattahi Ali , Nitiyanandan Rajeshwar , Popovich John , Heys Jeffrey J. , Kilbourne Jacquelyn , Haydel Shelley E. , Rege Kaushal
Published: April 2021

Antibiotic-loaded laser-activated sealants (LASEs) combat surgical site infections (SSIs) by facilitating the rapid closure of tissues, formation of a physical barrier, and antibacterial activity at the wound site.
Patterning microporous paper with highly conductive silver nanoparticles via PVP-modified silver–organic complex ink for development of electric valves
Authors: Sharipov Mirkomil , Lee Youngil , Han Jinsol , Lee Yong-Ill
Published: April 2021

The stabilization of silver cations generated from silver-reactive ink by PVP on HEC-modified Whatman No. 1 paper and enhanced electrowetting properties for developing a paper-based microfluidic device equipped with an electrical valve.
Reasoning, granularity, and comparisons in students’ arguments on two organic chemistry items
Authors: Deng Jacky M. , Flynn Alison B.
Published: April 2021

In a world facing complex global challenges, citizens around the world need to be able to engage in scientific reasoning and argumentation supported by evidence. Chemistry educators can support students in developing these skills by providing opportunities to justify how and why phenomena occur, including on assessments. However, little is known about how students’ arguments vary in different content areas and how their arguments might change between tasks. In this work, we investigated the reasoning, granularity, and comparisons demonstrated in students’ arguments in organic chemistry exam questions. The first question asked them to decide and justify which of three bases could drive an acid–base equilibrium to products (Q1, n = 170). The majority of arguments exhibited relational reasoning, relied on phenomenological concepts, and explicitly compared between possible claims. We then compared the arguments from Q1 with arguments from a second question on the same final exam: deciding and justifying which of two reaction mechanisms was more plausible (Q2, n = 159). The arguments in the two questions differed in terms of their reasoning, granularity, and comparisons. We discuss how course expectations related to the two questions may have contributed to these differences, as well as how educators might use these findings to further support students’ argumentation skill development in their courses.
Rebound and scattering of motile Chlamydomonas algae in confined chambers
Authors: Théry Albane , Wang Yuxuan , Dvoriashyna Mariia , Eloy Christophe , Elias Florence , Lauga Eric
Published: April 2021

A mathematical model explains the experimental accumulation in corners of Chlamydomonas algae swimming in 2D models of foam channels. Combining experiments with theory shows that motility leads generically to trapping in complex geometries.
Glycan–protein interactions determine kinetics of N-glycan remodeling
Authors: Mathew Corina , Weiß R. Gregor , Giese Christoph , Lin Chia-wei , Losfeld Marie-Estelle , Glockshuber Rudi , Riniker Sereina , Aebi Markus
Published: April 2021

Atomistic glycoprotein simulations reveal a site-specific availability of glycan substrates in time-resolved mass spectrometry of maturating enzyme kinetics.
Complex crystal structure and photoluminescence of Bi3+-doped and Bi3+/Eu3+ co-doped Ca7Mg2Ga6O18
Authors: Li Ju , Huang Jinmei , Jiang Pengfei , Gao Wenliang , Cong Rihong , Yang Tao
Published: April 2021

The multiple and site-selective occupancies of Bi3+ activators in Ca7Mg2Ga6O18:xBi3+ lead to a continuous red-shift of the broad emission band upon increasing the Bi3+-content.
Area-based speciation kinetic analysis of multipollutant removal in constructed wetlands to enhance the treatment efficiency
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Singh Rajesh
Published: April 2021

In the present study, area-based pollutant removal kinetic analysis was considered using the zero-order, first-order decay and efficiency loss (EL) models in the constructed wetlands (CWs) for municipal wastewater treatment.
Well-defined organic fluorescent nanomaterials with AIE characteristics for colorimetric/UV-vis/fluorescent multi-channel recognition of Zn2+ with multiple applications in plant cells and zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Zhao Yanliang , Wu Yingnan , Zhou Aying , Qu Qingli , Zhang Xiaoli , Song Bo , Liu Kunming , Xiong Ranhua , Huang Chaobo
Published: April 2021

A probe was synthesized that could detect Zn2+ using AIE in plants and zebrafish.
Synergistic photoredox and tertiary amine catalysis: generation of allylic sulfones from Morita–Baylis–Hillman acetates and sulfur dioxide
Authors: Wang Xinhua , Liu Ruixiu , Ding Qiuping , Xiao Wei , Wu Jie
Published: April 2021

The first example of the synthesis of allylic sulfones through synergistic photoredox and tertiary amine catalysis, starting from MBH acetates, DABCO·(SO2)2 and 4-substituted Hantzsch esters or potassium alkyltrifluoroborates via a radical pathway, is reported.
In situ sensors for flow reactors – a review
Authors: Li Jun , Šimek Helena , Ilioae David , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan , Zappe Hans , Dittmeyer Roland , Ladewig Bradley P.
Published: April 2021

A comprehensive review on integrating microfluidic reactors with in situ sensors for reaction probing of chemical transformation.
Operando constructing vanadium tetrasulfide-based heterostructures enabled by extrinsic adsorbed oxygen for enhanced zinc ion storage
Authors: Ding Junwei , Gao Hongge , Liu Wenqing , Wang Shiwen , Wu Shide , Fang Shaoming , Cheng Fangyi
Published: April 2021

A strategy for operando constructing VS4/V2O3 heterostructures with the enhanced zinc storage capacity enabled by the extrinsic adsorbed oxygen is proposed.
SHG-active NIR-emissive molecular nanomagnets generated in layered neodymium(iii)–octacyanidometallate(iv) frameworks
Authors: Jankowski Robert , Zakrzewski Jakub J. , Zychowicz Mikolaj , Wang Junhao , Oki Yurie , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi , Chorazy Szymon , Sieklucka Barbara
Published: April 2021

Nd3+ions incorporated into hybrid layers built of [M(CN)8]4−(M = MoIVor WIV) and pyrazineN,N′-dioxide linkers form enantiomorphic materials exhibiting tunable NIR luminescence, SHG activity, and slow magnetic relaxation.
Robust hybrid mode-locking operation with bulk-like transition metal pentatellurides
Authors: Feng Yi , Du Lin , He Yuan , Yi Qian , Li Jie , Duan Qinwen , Chen Shiwen , Miao Lili , Zhao Chujun
Published: April 2021

Robust hybrid mode-locking operation has been demonstrated based on bulk-like transition metal pentatellurides.
Formation of planetary systems by pebble accretion and migration
Authors: Izidoro André , Bitsch Bertram , Raymond Sean N. , Johansen Anders , Morbidelli Alessandro , Lambrechts Michiel , Jacobson Seth A.
Published: April 2021

At least 30% of main sequence stars host planets with sizes of between 1 and 4 Earth radii and orbital periods of less than 100 days. We useN-body simulations including a model for gas-assisted pebble accretion and disk–planet tidal interaction to study the formation of super-Earth systems. We show that the integrated pebble mass reservoir creates a bifurcation between hot super-Earths or hot-Neptunes (≲15M⊕) and super-massive planetary cores potentially able to become gas giant planets (≳15M⊕). Simulations with moderate pebble fluxes grow multiple super-Earth-mass planets that migrate inwards and pile up at the inner edge of the disk forming long resonant chains. We follow the long-term dynamical evolution of these systems and use the period ratio distribution of observed planet-pairs to constrain our model. Up to ~95% of resonant chains become dynamically unstable after the gas disk dispersal, leading to a phase of late collisions that breaks the original resonant configurations. Our simulations naturally match observations when they produce a dominant fraction (≳95%) of unstable systems with a sprinkling (≲5%) of stable resonant chains (the Trappist-1 system represents one such example). Our results demonstrate that super-Earth systems are inherently multiple (N≥ 2) and that the observed excess of single-planet transits is a consequence of the mutual inclinations excited by the planet–planet instability. In simulations in which planetary seeds are initially distributed in the inner and outer disk, close-in super-Earths are systematically ice rich. This contrasts with the interpretation that most super-Earths are rocky based on bulk-density measurements of super-Earths and photo-evaporation modeling of their bimodal radius distribution. We investigate the conditions needed to form rocky super-Earths. The formation of rocky super-Earths requires special circumstances, such as far more efficient planetesimal formation well inside the snow line, or much faster planetary growth by pebble accretion in the inner disk. Intriguingly, the necessary conditions to match the bulk of hot super-Earths are at odds with the conditions needed to match the Solar System.