bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tempos e movimentos para capacidade operacional e perdas na colheita de soja
Authors: Ferreira Francielle Morelli , Litter Felipe Adolfo , Carneiro Marcia de Almeida , Almeida Samira Luns Hatum de , Kazama Elizabeth Haruna , Silva Rouverson Pereira da , Seben Junior Getulio de Freitas
Published: July 2022

Na colheita mecanizada da soja podem ocorrer perdas as quais acarretam a redução de produtividade e o modo de operação pode influenciar negativamente a capacidade operacional da atividade agrícola. Objetivou-se avaliar a capacidade de campo em três dias de operação de colheita, bem como a influência da velocidade nas perdas quantitativas de soja em campo comercial de propriedade agrícola em Novo Mundo – MT. O experimento foi realizado no ano agrícola de 2016/17 e foram realizadas avaliações da capacidade de campo das operações em três dias de colheita mecanizada em campo comercial, sendo coletados a velocidade real de trabalho, bem como os tempos gastos na operação, denominado tempo máquina, composto pelo tempo de preparo da máquina, tempo de interrupção e tempo produtivo. Para as avaliações das perdas na colheita realizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, compostos de três velocidades de colheita (3,0; 6,0 e 8,0 km h-1) e seis repetições. Para a análise de desempenho calculou-se a capacidade de campo teórica, efetiva, operacional e a eficiência de campo. Esses dados foram tabelados apenas com somatórias, médias e apresentados na forma de gráficos. Os resultados das perdas na colheita foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey (5% de probabilidade). As capacidades de campo na colheita de soja do presente estudo se mostraram satisfatórios nos dias em que não houve interrupções com embuchamentos e manutenções corretivas na colhedora. A eficiência de campo na colheita está abaixo do preconizado pela literatura. O aumento da velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora influencia negativamente as perdas quantitativas de soja. As perdas totais de grãos, em todas as velocidades testadas, encontram-se acima das perdas aceitáveis (60 kg ha-1), mostrando a necessidade de melhoria no processo, a fim de diminuir as perdas.
Lixiviação do saflufenacil e tebuthiuron em solos de texturas contrastantes submetidos a diferentes precipitações pluviométricas
Authors: Possamai Ana Cássia Silva , Lobo Francisco de Almeida , Batistti Mariana , Inoue Miriam Hiroko , Mendes Kassio Ferreira , Nunes Ana Karine de Aquino
Published: July 2022

Objetivou–se avaliar o potencial de lixiviação do saflufenacil e tebuthiuron em solos de textura contrastante, Latossolo Vermelho - LV e Neossolo Quartzarênico-NQ, submetidos a diferentes precipitações pluviométricas, pelo método de bioensaio. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, constituídos das aplicações de saflufenacil (LV - 0,140 kg ha-1 e NQ - 0,105 kg ha-1) e tebuthiuron (LV - 1,5 kg ha-1 e NQ - 1,0 kg ha-1), no topo das colunas de solo. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos, sendo que em cada experimento foi utilizado um herbicida (saflufenacil ou tebuthiuron) e um solo (LV - textura argilosa ou NQ - textura arenosa) em esquema fatorial 6 x 6 + 1, com três repetições, dispostos em blocos casualizados. Os fatores estudados foram às precipitações simuladas (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 mm) e as profundidades das colunas (0-5; 5-10; 10-15; 15-20; 20-25 e 25-30 cm), além da testemunha (0 mm e 0 g ha-1). Após a simulação das precipitações, as colunas foram cortadas longitudinalmente e ao longo das colunas foram semeadas as plantas bioindicadoras (Cucumis sativus), e 21 dias após a semeadura foi avaliado o controle. O saflufenacil evidenciou lixiviação até a camada de 25-30 cm de profundidade, com as aplicações das lâminas d’água de 40, 60, 80 e 100 mm, independente da textura do solo. O tebuthiuron lixiviou até a camada de 25-30 cm de profundidade em LV para as precipitações pluviométricas de 60, 80 e 100 mm, enquanto que em solo NQ, o tebuthiuron apresentou lixiviação em todas as camadas das colunas de solo (0-30 cm) com as precipitações de 0 a 100 mm. Conclui-se que o saflufenacil apresentou maior lixiviação com elevadas precipitação pluviométrica, independente da textura do solo, e a lixiviação do tebuthiuron sofreu influência da textura do solo e da precipitação pluviométrica, onde este atingiu maiores profundidades do solo com textura arenosa (NQ).
Controle cultural de nematoides em alface, utilizando cobertura de solo e consórcio com cravo-de-defunto
Authors: Lopes Danilo Calixto , Ponce Franciely da Silva , Casagrande Jéssica Gawski , Ferreira Tainara Romani , Toledo Claudia Aparecida de Lima , Dallacort Rivanildo , Seabra Júnior Santino
Published: July 2022

A ocorrência de nematoides em áreas de cultivo de alface tem se tornado um problema, uma vez que estes fitopatógenos provocam danos às raízes levando a perdas na produtividade. O uso de extratos vegetais e plantas antagonistas têm sido testados no intuito de reduzir a população de nematoides em áreas de cultivo. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do uso de cravo-de-defunto no controle de nematoides em duas cultivares de alface. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x4 sendo duas cultivares (Lucy Brow e Amanda) e quatro arranjos de cultivos: alface em monocultivo, consórcio em linha central, consórcio em linhas alternadas e cobertura morta de cravo. Os parâmetros agronômicos avaliados foram: produtividade total, produtividade comercial, número de folhas, altura e diâmetro de planta, comprimento do caule e massa seca. Quanto a quantificação da população de nematoides foram realizadas extrações em solo e raízes a 20 cm de profundidade. As cultivares de alface Amanda e Lucy Brown apresentaram desempenho agronômico semelhante, porém a cultivar Amanda apresentou menor suscetibilidade a nematoides. A cobertura morta de cravo de defunto proporcionou menor população de nematoides tanto no solo como na raiz. Além disso, o uso de cobertura morta apresentou melhor produtividade nas cultivares analisadas, isso devido ao maior aproveitamento da luz, água e nutrientes ao comparar os cultivos com cravo em linha central e consorciada.
Produção e qualidade de melão amarelo submetido a diferentes sistemas de plantio
Authors: Lourenção Willian Augusto Peres , Neves Jucimar Ferreira , Dias Leonardo Diogo Ehle , Ferreira Fernanda da Silva , Toledo Claudia Aparecida de Lima , Ponce Franciely da Silva , Seabra Júnior Santino
Published: July 2022

A produção de meloeiro em Mato Grosso é inexpressiva, mas características climáticas favorecem o desempenho produtivo da cultura. Além disso, o cultivo no estado é janela de produção com a entressafra do nordeste, possibilitando aos agricultores a inserção de produtos de qualidade no mercado nacional. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a produção e qualidade de híbridos de meloeiro amarelo submetidos a diferentes tipos de cobertura vegetal e sistemas de plantio em Cáceres- MT. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 com quatro repetições, sendo avaliados dois híbridos de meloeiro amarelo (Primax® e Gold Mine®) e cinco sistemas de cultivo (convencional, plantio direto sobre cobertura viva de amendoim forrageiro e plantio direto sobre cobertura morta de capim-sudão, milheto e brachiária). Foram avaliadas a biomassa das espécies utilizadas para cobertura de solo e no meloeiro a produtividade, número de frutos por planta, produção por planta, massa fresca do fruto, comprimento, diâmetro equatorial e espessura da polpa, além do teor de sólidos solúveis totais dos frutos. A maior produção de biomassa seca das espécies de cobertura foi obtida pelo capim-sudão, milheto e brachiária, com 83, 81 e 70% quando comparado ao amendoim-forrageiro. Em relação aos sistemas de plantio recomenda-se o plantio sobre palhada de brachiária, capim-sudão e milheto, por proporcionar maior produtividade e qualidade dos frutos.
Efeito de herbicidas aplicados em jato dirigido à entrelinha e área total na cultura do abacaxi
Authors: Fernandes Thaiany , Inoue Miriam Hiroko , Possamai Ana Cássia Silva , Guimarães Ana Carolina Dias , Maciel Cleber Daniel de Goes , Mendes Kassio Ferreira , Novais Júlia Rodrigues , Wirgues Larissa Marques
Published: July 2022

Na cultura do abacaxi, a competição com plantas daninhas é agravada pelo fato da cultura apresentar porte pequeno e ter o desenvolvimento vegetativo muito lento. Nesse sentido, a utilização de herbicidas para controle de plantas daninhas torna-se uma estratégia eficiente, mas há grande carência de dados referentes ao efeito destes produtos para o controle de plantas daninhas e seletividade quando aplicados na cultura do abacaxi. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos das aplicações em jato dirigido (com chapéu-de-napoleão) e em área total de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas em área cultivada com abacaxi. A cultivar Pérola foi plantada no espaçamento de 1,20 x 0,40 x 0,40 m e o delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com tratamentos em esquema fatorial 10 x 2, com quatro repetições, em que o primeiro fator representou os herbicidas sulfentrazone (700 g i.a. ha-1), diuron (3.200 g i.a. ha-1), clethodim (144 g i.a. ha-1), atrazine (3.000 g i.a ha-1), hexazinone + diuron (396 + 1.404 g i.a. ha-1), S-metolachlor (1.920 g i.a. ha-1), trifluralin (1.335 g i.a. ha-1), pendimethalin (1.400 g i.a. ha-1) e as duas testemunhas, uma capinada e outra sem aplicação e sem capina. O segundo fator foi representado pelos modos de aplicação em jato dirigido (com proteção das mudas com chapéu de napoleão) e em área total (sem proteção das plantas). A aplicação dos herbicidas foi feita 20 dias após o plantio da cultura, utilizando pulverizador costal pressurizado a CO2. O controle das plantas daninhas e a fitointoxicação dos tratamentos foram avaliados aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 56 e 71 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Além do controle, foram avaliados o número de folhas, altura de planta, comprimento e largura da folha “D”, ambos aos 360 dias após o plantio. Foi determinada ainda a produtividade. Os tratamentos aplicados em jato dirigido proporcionaram controle de plantas daninhas iguais ou superiores aos tratamentos aplicados em área total nos cultivos de abacaxi. Até aos 71 DAA, os tratamentos que proporcionaram maior controle das plantas daninhas foram: diuron em jato dirigido, pendimethalin e sulfentrazone tanto em jato dirigido como em área total. As plantas de abacaxi que receberam os tratamentos químicos com S-metolachlor, trifluralin, pendimethalin, clethodim e hexazinone + diuron apresentaram as maiores médias para as variáveis número de folhas, altura das plantas, comprimento e largura da folha “D”, nos dois modos de aplicação. Todos os tratamentos químicos foram seletivos para a cultura do abacaxi e não afetaram a produtividade de frutos avaliada.
Inteligência artificial: o uso de chatbots no atendimento ao cliente
Authors: Moreira Diorginis Ormond , Mignoni Maria Eloisa
Published: July 2022

A Inteligência Artificial (IA) tem sido estudada desde 1943, e apenas 19 anos depois foi criado o primeiro chatbot, um robô que provê atendimento as pessoas. A IA é aplicada nas mais diferentes áreas da sociedade, trazendo inúmeros benefícios em todos os seguimentos. Buscou-se identificar se as pessoas já foram atendidas por IA, via um robô (chatbot), se o serviço está respondendo às dúvidas de acordo com as necessidades e se após o atendimento está sendo satisfatório para as pessoas. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionário na plataforma Survey Monkey, destinada ao público em geral no estado de Mato Grosso. Foram obtidas 287 respostas, das quais utilizou se 223 respostas, as demais foram descartadas por serem de outros estados ou por nunca terem utilizado o serviço on-line de atendimento. Demonstrou-se que 89,56% dos respondentes já utilizaram algum tipo de atendimento on-line, 45,74% das pessoas atendidas, tiveram suas dúvidas sanadas, 43,05% tiveram suas dúvidas parcialmente sanadas e 11,21% não tiveram suas dúvidas sanadas. Ainda de acordo com a pesquisa, observou-se que 51,12% dos entrevistados se consideravam satisfeitos com o serviço e 9,87% se consideravam muito satisfeitos. Esses percentuais demonstram que há um quadro de aceitação e evolução desse serviço, porém ainda com resistência por parte das pessoas.
Sulh: A Shariah-Compliant Dispute Avoidance Practice for the Construction Industry
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Arifin, M.A.  , Hashim, S.  ,   Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Abdul Rashid, K.  ,   Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: July 2022

Shariah is not just an Islamic law but also a moral code to guide man in enjoining good and abstaining from evil, which includes the actions of mitigating and resolving conflicts in society. Sulh is a form of peacekeeping mechanism laid down by the shariah, and in the Quran, Sulh is regarded as a form of conciliation and “the best form of settlement”. Traditionally, Sulh has been employed as a dispute resolution method in societies, from marital dispute to contractual disagreement. While many confined the spectrum on Sulh only in the area of dispute resolution, research on how Sulh could be employed as a dispute avoidance procedure is yet to be found, although, essentially it has been practiced as such by the Prophet and his companions. With regard to the construction industry, the dispute has caused multi-billion Ringgit of losses. While there are acceptable methods to avoid dispute from conventional perspective in the industry, dispute avoidance from the perspective of shariah has not been addressed. This paper aims to examine how Sulh could be employed as a procedure to avoid dispute. This study adopts qualitative methods where the secondary data are collected from books, journals, reports and statutes to review the practices of dispute avoidance in the construction industry, as well as in shariah. Moving on, the content analysis is adopted to analyse on how Sulh fits in the construction industry as a dispute avoidance practice by comparing the key criteria with the conventional dispute avoidance mechanisms. The finding shows that Sulh shares many similarities with the conventional dispute avoidance; thus, supporting the notion that dispute avoidance is not absolutely absent in shariah, which provides for a possibility to be applied in the construction industry.
Approaches to the study of deformations in permafrost soils
Authors: Khimenkov Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Gagarin Vladimir Evgen'evich
Published: July 2022

The object of the study is the processes of metamorphism of frozen rocks, including structural restructuring, as well as plastic and brittle deformations of underground ice. In geocryology, many experts note the importance of considering the processes of deformation of frozen rocks. At the same time, the deformed rocks themselves do not stand out in a separate category, which makes it difficult to study the development of cryogenic geosystems after their formation. The main method used in this article is the analysis of the results of previous studies by various authors on the topic under consideration. The theoretical basis of the proposed approach is the provisions developed within the framework of the mechanics of frozen soils and structural ice science. The synthesis of the analyzed materials was carried out on the basis of a geosystem approach. In the proposed work, for the first time, a comparative analysis of structural deformations of various kinds of cryogenic formations was carried out. The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the need to study the patterns of deformation of frozen rocks in natural conditions. Theoretically, this is important for a deeper understanding of the processes occurring in the cryolithozone. For practical purposes, work in this direction will allow us to more accurately assess the possibility of the development of dangerous engineering-geological processes with man-made impacts on frozen rocks. Changes in the structure of frozen rocks continue after the formation of the primary structure. Deformations, that is, violations of the primary addition, are an integral part of the structure of frozen rocks. Data on deformations of the primary cryogenic structure provide information about the history of the development of cryogenic geosystems that have already been formed. It is necessary to develop a classification of textural and structural deformations of the cryogenic structure of frozen rocks, in which a special type should be distinguished - metamorphosed ice formations. It is necessary to develop methods of structural and deformation analysis that allow establishing links between the observed deformations of the cryogenic structure and the processes occurring in frozen rocks.
Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in late Pleistocene ice wedges and in modern soils in the Batagay megaslump, north of Yakutia
Authors: Vasil'chuk Alla Constantinovna , Vasil'chuk Yurij Kirillovich , Budantseva Nadine Arkad'evna , Vasil'chuk Jessica Yur'evna , Ginzburg Alexander Pavlovich , Bludushkina Lyubov' Bakhtiyarovna , Slyshkina Elena Sergeevna
Published: July 2022

The content of carbon and nitrogen, as well as the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in the genetic horizons of the soil cover, yedoma deposits and in organic residues in syngenetic ice wedges (IW) of the upper IW complex of the Batagay megaslump were studied. The studied soils belong to the silty-loam Spodic Cryosol (Dystric,Humic) and post-pyrogenic Spodic Cryosol (Dystric,Humic). To study the carbon and nitrogen content, ice wedges of the first and second tiers of the upper IW complex were tested. The highest values of the C/N ratio were obtained in the upper horizon of the silty- loam Spodic Cryosol (Dystric, Humic) near the Batagay megaslump. The average value of the carbon content in the ice wedges of the Batagay yedoma is of 0.13 mol, the maximum is 0.36 mol, the minimum carbon content is 0.06 mol, the average nitrogen content is of 0.04 mol, maximum 0.12 mol, minimum 0.02 mol. For the entire data array of ice wedges, the value of C/N is of average 3.90, maximum 6.96, minimum 1.05.
Quality of care and prescription patterns among patients with diabetic kidney disease—a large-scale cohort study from Taiwanese clinics
Authors: Tsai Kun-Yuan , Chen Samuel , Chou Chien-Wen , Tzeng Thing-Fong , Lee Yau-Jiunn , Chen Min-ling
Published: July 2022

Aims

To investigate the quality of care and prescription patterns of patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) receiving primary care at local clinics in Taiwan.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted in 43 primary care clinics in Taiwan. The patients’ baseline characteristics, laboratory tests, presence of complications and antidiabetic agents prescribed were analyzed.

Results

7,200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled. Percentage of HbA1c, blood pressure (BP), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals reached were 52.5% in HbA1c < 7%, 40.9% in BP < 130/80 mmHg and 79.7% in LDL-C < 2.59 mmol/L. 18.3% achieved all three ABC goals. However, patients with DKD had a lower rate of ABC goal attainment and higher rate of complications. Among DKD patients with eGFR ≥ 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 and on monotherapy, metformin was most frequently prescribed. As for dual therapy, the most common combinations were metformin with sulfonylurea and metformin with DPP-4 inhibitors.

Conclusions

Diabetes patients in Taiwan receiving primary diabetes care at local clinics had generally satisfactory management performance. However, more aggressive HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C management among DKD patients should be emphasized. Contrary to current recommendations, SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists as frontline therapy were under-prescribed.
Spatial variation in diatom abundance and composition in Biwase Bay and Hamanaka Bay (Eastern Hokkaido, Japan), with reference to environmental features
Authors: Ahn Hyojin , Ito Miho , Kouchi Naoko , Watanabe Kentaro , Abe Hiroya , Isada Tomonori , Nakaoka Masahiro
Published: July 2022

This study aims to examine the spatial variation of diatom abundance and composition along the nearshore areas of Biwase Bay and Hamanaka Bay, eastern Hokkaido. Terrestrial input via Kiritappu Wetland is expected to affect variation and composition differently depending on the position of the two bays. We conducted an oceanographic survey in June 2014 to measure seawater temperature, salinity, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption, nutrient concentrations, and total and size-fractionated chlorophyll (Chl) a concentration at 11 stations of the shallowest (<5 m) parts of the bays. These were grouped into four areas (Areas 1 and 2 in Biwase Bay, and Areas 3 and 4 in Hamanaka Bay) based on the distance of the location from the wetland outlet (nearest in Area 1 to the farthest in Area 4). Diatoms are the major primary producers in the water column. Therefore, we also determined genus level cell abundance and diversity of diatoms to compare similarity among areas. Sea surface temperature was the lowest at Area 4, whereas sea surface salinity was the lowest at Area 1. The contribution of CDOM absorption, an indicator of wetland-influenced river discharge, and silica concentration was highest at Area 1. Total amount of nitrite and nitrate concentrations was the highest at Area 4. Total amount of Chl a concentration was also lowest in Area 1. Our size-fractionated Chl a results revealed that while the size composition of phytoplankton varied among areas, micro-sized (>10 µm) phytoplankton were predominant in Area 4. Finally, diatom composition at the genus level differed greatly among areas. Pennate diatoms were predominant in Areas 1 and 2, but centric diatoms dominated in Areas 3 and 4. Our results suggested great spatial variability in oceanographic conditions among areas, with less influence of wetland and more influence of Coastal Oyashio Water based on distance from the wetland outlet. Diatom composition showed geographical division between Biwase and Hamanaka Bays.
Effects of bone morphogenetic protein 4 on TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, apoptosis, activation and differentiation in mouse lung fibroblasts via ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Cai Zhou , Guo Hua , Qian Jing , Liu Wei , Li Yuanyuan , Yuan Liang , Zhou You , Lin Ran , Xie Xiaohui , Yang Qiong , Wu Guoying , Li Qiongqiong , Zhao Li , Liu Fei , Wang Jian , Lu Wenju
Published: July 2022

Fibroblasts, in particular myofibroblasts, are the critical effector cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a deadly lung disease characterized by abnormal lung remodeling and the formation of “fibroblastic foci”. Aberrant activation of TGF-β1 is frequently encountered and promotes fibroblast proliferation, activation, and differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis. Hence, the inhibition of TGF-β1-induced lung fibroblast activation holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for IPF. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effect and underlying mechanisms of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) on TGF-β1-induced proliferation, apoptosis, activation and myofibroblast differentiation of adult lung fibroblasts. Here, we demonstrated that BMP4 expression was significantly decreased in TGF-β1-stimulated mouse primary lung fibroblasts (PLFs). BMP4 inhibited proliferation and apoptosis resistance of TGF-β1-stimulated mouse PLFs. BMP4 suppressed TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation and differentiation in mouse PLFs. We also found that BMP4 inhibited TGF-β1-induced ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Our findings indicate that BMP4 exerts its anti-fibrotic effects by regulating fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis, activation and differentiation via the inhibition of the ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and thus has a potential for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Caracterización de Conductas Asociadas a VIH en Jóvenes y Adultos del Norte de Chile
Authors:   Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile), Ferrer-Urbina Rodrigo , Sepúlveda-Páez Geraldy ,   Universidad de Tarapacá, Mena-Chamorro Patricio ,   Universidad de Tarapacá
Published: July 2022

Los casos confirmados de VIH/SIDA aumentan año a año. La principal vía de transmisión son las conductas sexuales de riesgo y otros factores comportamentales asociados, como percepción de riesgo de VIH, autoconcepto sexual, actitud hacia el preservativo, entre otros. Dado que en Chile los nuevos casos de VIH se concentran en el norte, el propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar las conductas asociadas con la exposición al VIH en una muestra de jóvenes y adultos jóvenes del Norte Grande de Chile, a través de un diseño transversal, de alcance descriptivo, con un muestreo no probabilístico accidental por cuotas (sexo, nivel educacional y ciudad de residencia). Participaron 1037 jóvenes y adultos pertenecientes a las 5 principales ciudades del Norte Grande de Chile (Arica, Iquique, Alto Hospicio, Antofagasta y Calama). Los datos fueron recolectados utilizando 6 escalas relativas a comportamientos asociados con exposición al VIH. Las descripciones detalladas a nivel de ítem evidenciaron que el uso inadecuado del preservativo, principalmente con contactos genitales no penetrativos, la multiplicidad de parejas sexuales y el uso de alcohol y drogas como agente activo en los encuentros sexuales, son prácticas comunes. La mayoría se percibe susceptible a contraer VIH, considera que el uso del preservativo reduce el placer sexual, manifiestan tendencias conservadoras, en lo que refiere a la motivación sexual, y declaran sentirse satisfechos con prácticas sexuales típicamente monógamas. Finalmente, se discuten limitaciones y se recomienda utilizar estos resultados en diseños de programas de salud sexual e identificación de poblaciones objetivo.
Eisenmenger Syndrome with Unilateral Renal Agenesis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ananthathandavan Priyadharshini , Velmanian ijaymahendran , Asvitha G , Satchilingam Sabesan , Ahalya SP
Published: July 2022

The most advanced form of Pulmonary Atrial Hypertension (PAH), linked with Congenital Heart Abnormalities (CHD), is Eisenmenger Syndrome (ES). This report is about a 26-year-old female who presented with ES treated with Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, cardiac glycosides, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, loop diuretics, antipyretics, iron and vitamin supplements. Investigations revealed unilateral renal agenesis of left kidney, pulmonary hypertension, ES with large ventricular septal defect and bidirectional shunt. Loop diuretics and PDE5 inhibitors remained the mainstay of the treatment which induced hearing loss and the patient self reported hearing improvement after ceasing furosemide administration. Additional treatment strategy is to be used to improve the symptoms and quality of life of patients.
Role of Mycobacterial Culture and Drug Sensitivity Testing Laboratory under National Tuberculosis Elimination Program for the Abolition of Tuberculosis in India by 2025
Authors: Singh Nandini , Singh Amresh Kumar , Kumar Sushil , Narendra Pratap Singh Narendra Pratap Singh , Gaur Vivek
Published: July 2022

India has made a bold promise to eradicate Tuberculosis (TB) by 2025 five years ahead of the global target. Although, one-fourth of the global burden with highest new cases of TB is shown by the country. So yet, no comprehensive analysis has been published on India’s National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) (2017-2025). The current review details the advanced diagnostic methods like Fluorescence Microscopy (FM), culture, nucleic acid amplification test (Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) and True Nucleic Acid amplification Test (TrueNAT)) and line probe assay as well as the role and network of Mycobacterial culture and Drug Sensitivity Testing (C and DST) laboratories in national scaling-up of evidence-based policies and facilities, which is a critical component in India's fight against TB. The material of this study was mostly obtained from policy and program making documents of World Health Organisation (WHO) and annual TB reports of India. India’s TB annual report 2021 says that only half of the patients were successfully treated in the period of conventional longer care regimens. The interventions to achieve the factors related patient’s care have been implemented through universal drug sensitivity testing through C and DST laboratories, which has driven therapy with a shorter regimen, newer medications, and social protection. In one hand, the comprehensive monitoring scheme through C and DST laboratories for TB including all possible drug-resistance cases and other hand, patient’s systemic treatment through shorter, more reliable, and safer first- or second-line drug regimens are all necessary milestones to achieve the goal of our government for abolition of TB in India by 2025.
Histopathological Evaluation of Right and Left Sided Colorectal Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Assam, India
Authors: Kalita Nizam Priya , Khakhlari Sandeep , Das Sarat , Boro Gautam
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can develop in any part of the colon including rectum, with significant differences in clinical features and survival of patient in right sided and left sided colorectal carcinoma. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the pathological characteristics of these tumour. Aim: To analyse the pathological features of patients with right and left sided colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Pathology at Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, from July 2019 to June 2020. The study included 35 cases of all endoscopic biopsy specimens and surgically excised large specimens of carcinomatous growths of colon and rectum, whereas carcinoma of appendix was excluded from this study. Special stain like Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian Blue, and immunohistochemistry (CK7 and CK20) was done in selected cases. The data is shown in tables and results are expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: Left colon (74.28%) was more commonly involved than right colon (25.72%) and rectum was the most common site (31.43%). The most common gross morphology in right colon was ulcerative growth (16%) and in left colon it was polypoidal growth (28%). On histopathological examination, 27 cases were adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) (six were well differentiated, 20 were moderately differentiated and one was poorly differentiated) and eight cases were mucinous adenocarcinoma. The mean age was 51.54 years with age distribution from 14 years to as old as 80 years. In immunohistochemistry, 9 (90%) cases show CK20 positive/CK7 negative and 1 (10%) case show CK20 positive/CK7 focally positive. Conclusion: Routine microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained slide was still the commonly performed and vital modality of investigation in majority of the cases. The right and left sided colorectal carcinoma varies according to clinical and pathological features. However, it is still necessary to find other biological dissimilarities of adenocarcinoma located on different sides of colon.
Clinicophotobiological Characterization of Photoaggravated Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Rutter Kirsty J. , Farrar Mark D. , Marjanovic Elizabeth J. , Rhodes Lesley E.
Published: July 2022

Importance

Photoaggravated atopic dermatitis (PAD) is estimated to affect 1.4% to 16% of patients with AD but remains poorly characterized with limited published data.

Objective

To provide detailed clinical and photobiological characterization of PAD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case series study used cross-sectional data collected from 120 consecutive patients diagnosed with PAD from January 2015 to October 2019 at a tertiary center referral unit for photobiology.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Routinely collected standardized clinical and photobiological data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and regression analysis explored associations between demographic and clinical data.

Results

Of 869 patients who underwent photoinvestigation, 120 (14%) were diagnosed with PAD (69 female [58%]; median age, 45 [IQR, 31-61] years; range, 5-83 years; skin phototypes [SPTs] I-VI). Of these patients, 104 (87%) were adults. All patients had a history of AD, and most (62 of 104 [60%]) presented with sunlight-provoked or photodistributed eczema; median age at photosensitivity onset was 37 years (range, 1-72 years). Past-year Dermatology Life Quality Index score was greater than 10 for 80 of 103 adults (78%), and 82 of 119 (69%) had vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) level insufficiency or deficiency (<20 ng/mL; to convert ng/mL to nmol/L, multiply by 2.496). Broadband UV radiation provocation test results were positive for 112 patients (93%). In 28 patients (23%) with abnormal monochromator phototest findings, sensitivity occurred to UV-A, UV-B, and/or visible light, and UV-A of 350 ± 10 nm was the most prevalent wavelength. Photopatch test reactions were positive for 18 patients (15%). Patients with SPTs V to VI (31 [26%]) vs SPTs I to IV (89 [74%]) were younger at photosensitivity onset (median age, 24 years [IQR, 15-37 years] vs 40 years [IQR, 25-55 years]; P = .003), were more likely to be female (23 [74%] vs 46 [52%]; P = .03), and had a lower vitamin D status and a higher frequency of abnormal monochromator phototest findings.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case series study, PAD affected patients with different ages and SPTs and was associated with substantially impaired quality of life. The findings suggest that confirming PAD through phototesting may provide better personalized care for patients through identification of provoking wavelengths, relevant photocontact allergies, and appropriate photoprotection advice.
All‐Inorganic Perovskite Single‐Crystal Photoelectric Anisotropy
Authors: Dong Shunhong , Hu Zhi‐Yi , Wei Ping , Han Jingru , Wang Zhao , Liu Jing , Su Bao‐Lian , Zhao Dongyuan , Liu Yong
Published: July 2022

Engineering surface structure can precisely and effectively tune the optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites, but are incredibly challenging. Herein, the design and fabrication of uniform all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 cubic/tetrahedral single‐crystals are reported with precise control of the (100) and (111) surface anisotropy, respectively. By combining with theoretical calculations, it is demonstrated that the preferred (100) surface engineering of the CsPbBr3 single‐crystals enables a lowest surface bandgap energy (2.33 eV) and high‐rate carrier mobility up to 241 μm2 V‐1 s‐1, inherently boosting their light‐harvesting and carrier‐transport capability. Meanwhile, the polar (111) surface induces ≈0.16 eV upward surface‐band bending and ultrahigh surface defect density of 1.49 × 1015 cm‐3, which is beneficial for enhancing surface‐defects‐catalyzed reactions. The work highlights the anisotropic surface engineering for boosting perovskite optoelectronic devices and beyond.
A Low‐Surface‐Tension Strategy to Construct Ultrathin Reduced Graphene Oxide as Lithiophilic Matrix for Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Zhang Ying , Sun Jing , Liu Wen , Niu Zanyao , Yan Yang , Qiao Lizhen , Wu Na
Published: July 2022

Lithium metal is regarded as “holy grail” in the secondary rechargeable batteries. However, irregular Li deposition and dead lithium during the plating/striping process lead to serious safety issues and rapid capacity decay. The low conductivity of matrix and inhomogeneous ion transfer result in the growth of lithium dendrite and thus the low coulombic efficiency. Here, the authors propose to solve this issue by constructing highly conductive matrix with regulated charge transfer. A low surface tension (LST) strategy is adopted to construct ultrathin reduced graphene oxide (UrGO) to storage Li. The ultrathin and loose structure promise UrGO with high conductivity and the uniformly distributed residue oxygen‐containing groups helps to induce the uniform deposition of lithium due to the improved affinity to Li. The obtained UrGO with high conductivity shows a low lithium nucleation overpotential. The UrGO@Li electrode reveals an outstanding electrochemical stability with a high coulombic efficiency of 98.5% for over 300 cycles. The good performances of full cell also indicate the successful design of the UrGO matrix and the LST strategy provides a new vision for designing highly conductive graphene‐based porous materials.
Bandgap Engineering of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite CsPbBr3 through Cu Doping
Authors: Wu Qiaoqian , Li Jinping , Xue Shaoming , Zhao Yiting , Liu Fangchao , Huo Qiuhong , Mi Jun , Guan ChengBo , Cong Wei‐Yan , Lu Ying‐Bo , Ren Junfeng
Published: July 2022

Cu‐doped CsPbBr3 with strong blue emissions is a potentially ideal material for high‐quality light‐emitting diode (LED) devices. This study thoroughly analyzes the influence of a Cu dopant on CsPbBr3 materials through a series of theoretical investigations. Two artificial CsPbBr3 supercells are constructed, and their electronic properties are analyzed. Additionally, the antibonding nature of the conduction band minimum (CBM) and valance band maximum (VBM) of CsPbBr3 is elucidated. The results indicate that a Cu dopant can only alter the local lattice around it, not the entire lattice. Moreover, the CBM and VBM deformation potentials of CsPbBr3 behave differently. Therefore, the energetic shift of VBM is more sensitive to the shrinkage of lattice due to the smaller energy difference between the constituent orbitals, leading to a bandgap reduction with the lattice contraction. This study reveals that the two critical reasons for the increase of bandgap are the contribution of Cu‐3d orbitals to the VBM and the localized lattice distortion caused by Cu impurity. Therefore, this work clarifies how Cu impurities improve the blue light emitting performance of CsPbBr3 systems.
NFAT1 Orchestrates Spinal Microglial Transcription and Promotes Microglial Proliferation via c‐MYC Contributing to Nerve Injury‐Induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Jiang Bao‐Chun , Ding Ting‐Yu , Guo Chang‐Yun , Bai Xue‐Hui , Cao De‐Li , Wu Xiao‐Bo , Sha Wei‐Lin , Jiang Ming , Wu Long‐Jun , Gao Yong‐Jing
Published: July 2022

Peripheral nerve injury‐induced spinal microglial proliferation plays a pivotal role in neuropathic pain. So far, key intracellular druggable molecules involved in this process are not identified. The nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFAT1) is a master regulator of immune cell proliferation. Whether and how NFAT1 modulates spinal microglial proliferation during neuropathic pain remain unknown. Here it is reported that NFAT1 is persistently upregulated in microglia after spinal nerve ligation (SNL), which is regulated by TET2‐mediated DNA demethylation. Global or microglia‐specific deletion of Nfat1 attenuates SNL‐induced pain and decreases excitatory synaptic transmission of lamina II neurons. Furthermore, deletion of Nfat1 decreases microglial proliferation and the expression of multiple microglia‐related genes, such as cytokines, transmembrane signaling receptors, and transcription factors. Particularly, SNL increases the binding of NFAT1 with the promoter of Itgam, Tnf, Il‐1b, and c‐Myc in the spinal cord. Microglia‐specific overexpression of c‐MYC induces pain hypersensitivity and microglial proliferation. Finally, inhibiting NFAT1 and c‐MYC by intrathecal injection of inhibitor or siRNA alleviates SNL‐induced neuropathic pain. Collectively, NFAT1 is a hub transcription factor that regulates microglial proliferation via c‐MYC and guides the expression of the activated microglia genome. Thus, NFAT1 may be an effective target for treating neuropathic pain.
Wireless Multiferroic Memristor with Coupled Giant Impedance and Artificial Synapse Application
Authors: Wang Yao , Xiao Rui , Xiao Ning , Wang Zhongfeng , Chen Lei , Wen Yumei , Li Ping
Published: July 2022

Internet of things (IoT) becomes part of everyday life across the globe, whose nodes are able to sense, store, and transmit information wirelessly. However, the IoT nodes based on von Neumann architectures realize the memory, computing and communication functions with physical separated devices, which result in severe power consumption and computation latency. In this study, a wireless multiferroic memristor consisting of Metglas/Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3‐1 mol% Mn/Metglas laminate is proposed, which integrates the storage, processing, and wireless communication of information in a single device at the first time. First, a power efficient impedance modulation mechanism is explored for the multiferroic memristor, which couples electric field modulated giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) of magnetostrictive Metglas with varied impedance of ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3‐1 mol% Mn due to the gradual polarization switching. Meanwhile a pair of multiferroic memristors are used to transmit and receive stored information wirelessly, which facilitate the application of memristor in the IoT. Furthermore, the experimental study demonstrates that the memristor can mimic the synaptic plasticity, such as long‐term potentiation, depression, and spiking‐timing‐dependent plasticity, and it also reveals the capability of pattern learning with a memristor network. This work paves a way toward the IoT nodes integrating both brain inspired computing and wireless communication functions.
Polymer/dye blends: Preparation and optical performance: A short review
Authors: Plouzeau Maud , Piogé Sandie , Peilleron Frédéric , Fontaine Laurent , Pascual Sagrario
Published: July 2022

This review focuses on the optimization of the optical performance of polymer/dye blends in which dyes are physically dispersed in polymer matrices. The optimization of the optical performance of polymer/dye blends is discussed in terms of: (i) the preparation procedure of polymer/dye blends (melt processing is considered particularly effective for producing polymer/dye blends with optimal dye distribution); (ii) mechanical and thermal solicitations after polymer/dye blend preparation; (iii) the polymer matrix, whose affinity for the dye and crystallinity affects the optical performance the polymer/dye blend; and (iv) the dye, whose chemical structure and concentration are significant determinants of the optical properties of polymer/dye blends.
A quality improvement apprenticeship: Gross anatomy in the time of Covid‐19
Authors: Hatcher April R. , Pearson A. Scott , Platt Kristen M.
Published: July 2022

The study of anatomy is a team‐driven field in which anatomy instruction occurs in small groups in the laboratory with one faculty member guiding students through each anatomical region. One laboratory experience may include several small group instructors in one simultaneous learning session. In comparison, the education of future gross anatomists often happens in an apprenticeship model, where the optimal learning outcomes are met through training with an experienced mentor. It was the vision of the authors to further their education through initiating an inter‐institutional exchange to apprentice with innovative mentors in order to bring new ideas back to their own gross anatomy courses. The Southeastern Conference, a consortium of the Universities in the Southern region of the United States often associated with intercollegiate sports, has a host of academic initiatives in addition to the athletic emphasis. The Southeastern Conference Faculty Travel Program is one mechanism by which the organization promotes scholarly excellence. In this case, the Faculty Travel Program provided a way for authors from the University of Kentucky to visit a nearby institution, Vanderbilt University, and learn from like‐minded anatomy educators, with the goal of incorporating changes in their courses geared toward quality improvement. After this implementation, positive themes emerged in the student feedback on course evaluations. However, the collaboration was interrupted by the onset of the Covid‐19 pandemic. This article examines the strengths of interinstitutional apprenticeship and the benefits of such practices in a time of accelerated change in anatomical instruction.
Toward carbon‐neutral ethylene production: assessment of the application potential of bio‐ethylene production pathways in China
Authors: Li Haoran , Zhang Shuyuan , Zhou Jian , Wang Zhiyin , Zhao Xuebing , Qiu Tong
Published: July 2022

The production of bio‐ethylene is a promising way to replace fossil‐based ethylene production, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and working towards China's carbon neutrality goals. This study elaborates on five bio‐ethylene technological pathways: first‐ and second‐generation bioethanol dehydration, direct and indirect thermochemical synthesis, and methanol‐to‐olefins (MTO). It retrieves information about them from commercial patents and the scientific literature, and comprehensively assesses their potential for application in large‐scale ethylene production in China. The techno‐economic feasibility of these five technological pathways is discussed in terms of feedstock availability, investment level, technological development level, and political issues such as the carbon neutrality goal to which China's government is committed. Overall, two pathways (indirect thermochemical synthesis and MTO) exhibited competitive minimum ethylene selling prices at 5243 yuan/t (822 USD t–1) and 6767 yuan/t (1061 USD t–1), respectively, of which both are lower than the average ethylene market price of 7000 yuan/t (1098 USD t–1). In comparison with the conventional fossil‐derived ethylene, bio‐ethylene could decrease carbon emission by 3.2%–15.1% under a scenario of 20% bio‐ethylene substitution in 2019, showing promising potential for decarbonizing the ethylene industry and contributing to the achievement of China's carbon neutrality goals. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and effects of co‐dopants (La3+, Sm3+, Mn2+, Nd3+, V5+, Y3+) on photoluminescence of SrAl2O4:Dy3+ phosphor
Authors: Karacaoglu Erkul
Published: July 2022

In this research, the co‐dopant effects on photoluminescence (PL) properties of SrAl2O4:Dy3+ phosphors were studied. The phosphor powders were prepared with solid state reaction, which is the method that is frequently preferred in SrAl2O4 phosphors and efficient results are obtained in terms of PL properties. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all co‐doped samples were fitted with pdf card#01‐034‐0379. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis supports the phase evolution determined in the XRD results. PL examinations started with the SrAl2O4 that was synthesized with the addition of boron, and then continued with the doped/and co‐doped samples. Except for the Sm3+ co‐doped phosphor, PL data of characteristic Dy3+ transitions were obtained for other lanthanide and metal ion co‐dopants. The strongest PL intensity was demonstrated in the SrAl2O4:Dy3+,V5+. SrAl2O4:Dy3+,Sm3+ phosphor shows both the Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions transition related peaks appeared in the same spectrum. In the continuation of the studies, SrAl2O4:Dy3+,Sm3+ and SrAl2O4:Dy3+,V5+ powders were immersed in water for 2 h. Regardless of the presence of Dy3+ luminescent centers and other co‐dopants, broadband and intense blue emission peak at 445 nm was recorded which is directly related to newly formed phases by the decomposition of SrAl2O4.
Synthesis and study on aggregation behaviours in liquid phase of three prepared cyanine dyes
Authors: Xu Mengcui , Li Xipeng , Zeng Qin , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2022

Here we investigate the aggregation behaviours of three prepared dyes in the liquid phase to pick out one possessing J‐aggregation characteristic that is of significant interest for organic materials used in multiple bio‐applications. The self‐assembly of dyes usually leads to various forms of aggregates, for example, H‐aggregates or J‐aggregates and it is easy to distinguish bathochromic J‐aggregation from hypsochromic H‐aggregation using UV/vis light spectroscopy. Enlightened by the cyanine dyes that have shown a great tendency to self‐associate, we designed and synthesized three cyanine dyes: Cy7‐Ph, DCy7‐Ph, and SN‐Cy7‐Ph, followed by the study of the influence of multiple factors on their aggregation behaviours, including solvent polarity, ionic strength, and temperature. Finally, we found that of the three molecules only SN‐Cy7‐Ph could self‐assemble into J‐aggregates conveniently and stably in the aqueous phase under normal conditions.