bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid systems in the nuclear fuel cycle. Principles of operation and applications
Authors: Lezhnin S.I. , Brednikhin S.A. , Yurov D.V.
Published: April 2019

The problem of utilization of nuclear fuel cycle waste is one of the main problems of modern nuclear energetics. In the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in cooperation with the Nuclear Safety Institute of the RAS, a model of a subcritical hybrid system with a plasma neutron driver based on an open gas-dynamic trap is being developed to solve this problem. Modeling of the plasma behavior in the source was carried out using the zero-dimensional GENESYS code, which takes into account the processes of capturing of injected atoms by ions and the processes of Coulombic interactions with warm plasma. This code also contains a module for calculating the linear power of neutron emission along the axis of the trap using the Monte Carlo method. As a template for the fuel blanket, a homogenized blanket of the EFIT system was used. The calculation of neutron-physical characteristics was carried out using a static NMC code which uses a method of direct modeling of neutron trajectories. The article presents the results of optimization of parameters of this system. In particular, the optimal length of the source emission zone was determined and the dependence of the multiplication factor on the thickness of the buffer zone of the subcritical blanket was determined.
About of the mechanism of formation of gas hydrate as method of elimination of accidents on underwater wells
Authors: Rusinov A.A. , Chiglintseva A.S.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a technological scheme is proposed and a corresponding mathematical model is constructed, which describes the physicochemical processes of hydrate formation in a vertical well. Received the results that can be used to create technologies for the elimination of leaks and emissions gas from underwater sources formed as a result of accidents at oil and gas wells.
3D simulation of emulsion flow using the boundary element method on the heterogeneous computational systems
Authors: Solnyshkina O.A.
Published: April 2019

In this work the 3D dynamics of two immiscible liquids in unbounded domain at low Reynolds numbers is considered. The numerical method is based on the boundary element method, which is very efficient for simulation of the three-dimensional problems in infinite domains. To accelerate calculations and increase the problem size, a heterogeneous approach to parallelization of the computations on the central (CPU) and graphics (GPU) processors is applied. To accelerate the iterative solver (GMRES) and overcome the limitations associated with the size of the memory of the computation system, the software component of the matrix-vector product
On the theory of decomposition of a metastable gas hydrate at a positive temperature
Authors: Tazetdinov B.I.
Published: April 2019

The process of decomposition of methane gas hydrate at atmospheric pressure, which is in a superheated state with respect to the equilibrium temperature T_s = 193 K is considered. positive temperature values (T > 273 K). In the region of positive temperatures, that the rate of decomposition is determined by the intensity of the heat flux through the flowing layer of water a film formed by the decomposition of a hydrate. Calculations were carried out for various initial and boundary temperatures, the results of which were analyzed and compared with the available experimental data
Molar transfer in a biphasic medium
Authors: Khusanov I.N. , Khodzhayev Ya.D. , Mirzoev A.A.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, rheological models of the state of two-phase media and equations stress-strain states, taking into account the volume content of the rheological properties of the phases. By the decision of the retardation model of a liquid in the form of a two-phase medium, objectively existing processes of viscous prediction and aftereffects
About of the theory of decomposition of gas hydrate in the vertical reactor
Authors: Chiglintseva A.S. , Kunsbaeva G.A.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the theoretical model for the process of elution of gas from hydrate with warm water in a countercurrent vertical continuous tube reactor
The study of sclerotic phenomena in a horizontal pipeline during the flow of hydrocarbon gas
Authors: Shagapov V.Sh. , Musakaev N.G. , Urazov R.R.
Published: April 2019

Based on the proposed mathematical model, a numerical study of sclerotic phenomena in a horizontal pipeline associated with sediments and gas hydrates on channel walls during the transportation of moist natural gas was carried out. Different conditions of gas transportation are considered: the pressure has a constant value at the inlet or outlet of the pipeline, or the pressure is constantly at both ends of the pipeline. The process of dissociation of gas hydrate deposits was studied when methanol was fed into the gas stream.
Investigation of wave propagation and attenuation in porous medium containing oil-water emulsion
Authors: Gubaidullin A.A. , Boldyreva O.Yu. , Dudko D.N.
Published: April 2019

The processes of acoustic wave propagation and attenuation in porous medium saturated with oil-water emulsion are investigate. Oil-water emulsion is modeled by a fluid with an effective viscosity. It is shown that the porous medium containing oil-water emulsion, is characterized by high wave attenuation compared to water or oil-saturated porous medium
Comparative analysis of intelligent planning methods
Authors: Darintsev O.V. , Migranov A.B.
Published: April 2019

The main stages of solving the problem of planning movements by mobile robots in a non-stationary working environment based on neural networks, genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic are considered. The features common to the considered intellectual algorithms are singled out and their comparative analysis is carried out. Recommendations are given on the use of this or that method depending on the type of problem being solved and the requirements for the speed of the algorithm, the quality of the trajectory, the availability (volume) of sensory information, etc.
The influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the adsorption processes in porous media
Authors: Kovaleva L.A. , Stepanova Z.Yu. , Kamaltdinov I.M. , Zamula Yu.S.
Published: April 2019

The experimental results of the polar hydrocarbon adsorption in saturated porous media after radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) influence and the thermal heating for comparison are presented. Temperature dependences of the extracted volume of hydrocarbons from models are shown. Comparing the obtained data an additional influence of RF EM field on the desorption of asphaltenes from the porous media surface has been found, that leads to an increase of the extraction of hydrocarbons from the models. The thermodynamic substantiation and mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer in a saturated porous media under RF EM influence are used as the basis of theoretical study. The equation of sorption kinetics based on the Henry’s Law includes a summand that represents the contribution of thermal and EM fields is to be considered. Researches have discovered that the adsorption process slows down under RF EM field influence, which has a positive effect on the filtration ability of the saturated rock. Investigation of the field influence on the asphaltene adsorption process using atomic force microscopy (AFM) was conducted to identify the mechanism of adsorption and desorption of polar components on the surface of the porous medium under the RF EM field influence.
Modeling of process of copying of a ledge form on an electrode-tool at electrochemical machining
Authors: Muksimova R.R.
Published: April 2019

Problems of modeling of a non-stationary electrochemical shaping are reduced to the solution of two boundary problems for definition of analytical functions of the complex variable: conformal mapping of the parametrical plane on physical and partial derivatives on time of interelectrode space points coordinates. Each of functions is obtained in the form of the sum of known function with singularities and two unknown functions defined by Schwartz or Keldysh – Sedov's formulas. One of unknown functions is intended for the description of a form of an electrode-tool, the second – the processed surface. Results of the numerical solution of problems with an electrode in the form of a circle and a plate are presented.
Emulsion flow which preparation excludes a presence of mechanical impurities
Authors: Rakhimov A.A.
Published: April 2019

Experiments were carried out with waterhydrocarbon emulsions with various emulsifiers in capillaries with a length of 2 cm, diameters of 40 and 100 µm. To eliminate the influence of mechanical impurities comparable in size with the diameter of the capillary in first case emulsion components were filtered through fine-meshed filters. In second case obtained that way emulsion was additionally filtered through a system consisting of 3 filters with a cell size of 30-40 microns. In a capillary of 100 µm such emulsion came in a blocked state. Additional filtration of the emulsion through the mesh filters have led to an increase in viscosity but in 100 µm capillaries the time until the blocking 2-3 times more than the original. Rheology of used emulsions is well described by the model of Ostwald-de Waale. It was determined that emulsion blocking mechanism is due to the presence of inclusions not emulsion viscosity.
Comparative Study on the Use of Widal Test to Stool Culture in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever in Holy Family Hospital Akum, North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Wam Elvis C. , Arrey Christabel N. , Sama Leonard F. , Agyingi Lucy A. , Wam Abel N.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Typhoid fever has several diagnostic tests. However, misdiagnosis is common since most health care facilities use only the Widal test without confirmation of results with a second test method.

Objective:

This study aimed at evaluating the performance of Widal test to stool culture in the Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever.

Methods:

Recruited in this study were 112 consented patients ≥1 year presenting with symptoms clinically suspected of typhoid fever visiting the Hospital in April, 2018. Blood and stool samples collected from all participants were subjected to Widal and stool culture, respectively. Serotyping was done using Salmonella O, and H antisera. Widal agglutination titre values ≥1:80 were considered as positive for the Salmonella antigen. Isolation of S. typhi from stool culture indicated an infection. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Sensitivity, specificity, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of Widal test were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of the stool culture were 100% since it was the ideal to which the Widal test was compared.

Results:

Prevalence of typhoid fever using stool culture was 39.3%, sensitivity and specificity of Widal were 40.9% and 32.4%, respectively. NPV and PPV were 6.44% and 28.13%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Widal test is not reliable for diagnosis of typhoid fever. Health care personnel should develop a rapid, highly sensitive and cheap diagnostic method that is also capable of differentiating Salmonella infection from other infections.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Food Handlers on Food Safety and Personal Hygiene During Arbaeenia Mass Gathering, Baghdad, Iraq, 2014: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lami Faris , Radhi Firas , Al Dahhan Safauldeen , Hashim Rana Adel , Mahmood Hussein , Araj Rawan , Arbaji Ali
Published: April 2019

Background

Millions of pilgrims attend Arbaeenia mass gathering (MG) in Iraq each year. Thousands of individuals work voluntarily at temporary rest areas (locally called Mawakib), distributed in most of Iraq governorates, to provide food and other services to the MG attendees. The potential for improper handling of food at Mawakib increases the risk of waterborne and foodborne diseases.

Objective

This study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of food handlers in Mawakibs in Baghdad city during Arbaeenia MG.

Methods

A random sample of 100 Mawakibs was selected in Baghdad, 50 from the eastern side (Rusafa) and 50 from the western side (Kerkh), and five food handlers were randomly selected from each Mawakib. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and KAP for food safety and personal hygiene. The questionnaire included 25 questions addressing knowledge, 10 addressing attitudes, and 14 addressing practices of the food handlers with respect to food safety and personal hygiene. Questions on knowledge and attitudes were answered through direct interview with the food handlers, whereas the questions on practices were answered through direct observation while handling or serving the food. SPSS version 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics 20) was used for data analysis and describing proportions.

Results

There was a varied knowledge of food safety practices among the individuals interviewed. On a scale of 3, the overall average score for both the attitude and practices for food safety and personal hygiene was 2, which corresponds to fair attitude and practices. The attitudes varied significantly by location, age group, and education, whereas the practices varied by location, age groups, employment, and previous experiences.

Conclusions

The food handlers had unsatisfactory attitudes and practices toward food handling and personal hygiene. Their participation in food handling at Mawakib carries a potential risk of spreading foodborne and waterborne diseases. All individuals intending to serve in Mawakib as food handlers should be licensed from the Ministry of Health after completing a formal training in food safety and personal hygiene.
Correlation between Level of Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) with Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) of Left Ventricle in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kusumastuti Dyah Adhi , Taufiq Nahar , Mumpuni Hasanah
Published: April 2019

Background: Epidemiological data show that the incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction is about 20%. The incidence of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction is also known to increase post-infarct mortality. The incidence of heart failure is related to the remodelling process after acute myocardial infarction. The acute remodelling process after acute myocardial infarction involves a mechanical mechanism in which there is a change in left ventricular geometry as an adaptive response to the incidence of infarction and then results in increased left ventricular wall stress. Increased left ventricular wall stress can be assessed by measuring global longitudinal strain (GLS) using echocardiography. On the other hand, mechanical overload in the myocardium is known to increase sST2 levels. The relationship between increased levels of sST2 and left ventricular GLS in patients with acute myocardial infarction has never been studied before.Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted from July to September 2018 at Dr Sardjito Hospital. Patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Measurement of sST2 levels and echocardiographic examination was performed on the first day after admission. Correlation test analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between sST2 levels and left ventricular GLS.Results: There were 72 subjects, with 62 STEMI subjects and 10 NSTEMI subjects. The mean level of sST2 in this study was 4,252 ± 198 pg / mL. Measurement of the left ventricular function obtained a mean ejection fraction of 47 ± 9%, LVIDd 45.79 ± 6.2 mm and GLS values of -9.3 ± 3.3%. Correlation test using Spearman test showed that there was no correlation between increased sST2 levels and decreased GLS values in patients with acute myocardial infarction (r = -0.133; p = 0.344).Conclusion: Increased sST2 levels were not correlated with decreased GLS values in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Functional Capacity Improvement on Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rakhmawati Annis , Arso Irsad Andi , Hartopo Anggoro Budi , Dinarti Lucia Kris
Published: April 2019

Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a pathophysiological disorder involving a wide range of clinical conditions. This can be a condition of complications from heart disease and respiratory system. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mmHg at rest assessed by right heart catheterization. The cardiovascular rehabilitation program is a set of efforts to improve the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease such that it can maintain or restore the best conditions and secondary prevention. Cardiac rehabilitation and physical exercise programs have the benefit of improving pulmonary vascular endothelial function, physical activity capacity and quality of life parameters for PAH patients. A 6-minute walk test can be used to assess the functional capacity of PAH patients.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Aplikasi Teknologi Inseminasi Buatan, Pengolahan Pakan , Biofarmaka Dan Limbah Dalam Upaya Pengembangan Sentra Kambing Di Kecamatan Kerek Dan Merakurak Kabupaten Tuban
Authors: Maslachah Lilik , Suprayogi Tri Wahyu , Lokapirnasari Widya Paramita
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Community empowerment of the goat farming group in Kerek and Merakurak, Tuban aims to improve the knowledge of artificial insemination technology of goats, processing agricultural and plantation waste products for goat feed,processing and using medicinal plants and processing goat’s faeces waste to become environmentally-friendly fertilizer. Methods: observing the location, interviewing and discussing with the leader of the group to clarify the problems faced by goat farmers. Education given by seminar and training by demos of artificial insemination, complete feed processing, bio-pharmaceutical preparation and waste processing. Evaluation and monitoring the success of the sustainability program cooperating with local animal husbandry department for assistance by field operators serving on the area. The output of TTG is transformation of artificial insemination technology of goats. Knowledge and understanding of farmers about how to process complete feed for goats. Making bio pharmaceutical preparation independently. Production of environmentally-friendly fertilizer. Keywords: artificial insemination; bio-pharmaceutical; complete feed; waste product
Education for Sustainable Develoment (ESD) – Pancasila di Desa Towangsan: Paradigma Pembangunan yang Berkelanjutan
Authors: Hastangka Hastangka , Tjahyadi Sindung , Djalu Sembada Andhika , Sinaga Yesika Theresia
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT The village of Towangsan, Gantiwarno, Klaten district, Central Java has the potential of social, cultural and local economic capital that can serve as a model and application to continually maintain the values of locality, sustainable development values based on the identity and personality of the Indonesian nation namely Pancasila. Pancasila became the basic moral and basic values in formulating village development policy in Towangsan Gantiwarno village, Klaten regency, Central Java. Community service activities with ESD implementation framework in society implemented by UGM Pancasila Study Center is to design and formulate Indonesia-based Center for Innovation and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) based on Pancasila values. The Center for Innovation and Development of Education for Sustainable Development is to provide the foundation and commitment of the village community in order to work consciously and continuously actualize the values of sustainable development in accordance with the areas that are involved such as Lare mentes community based culture community, and Karang Taruna based sustainable development. The results achieved in this activity are the establishment of a community-based ESD Innovation and Development Center in Towangsan Gantiwarno Village, community awareness of the importance of sustainable development, and the documentation of Towangsan village profiles based on Pancasila values. Implementation of ESD-Pancasila Implementation also has a positive impact in Towangsan because it has changed the mindset and way of thinking of the exclusive from the exclusive. Keywords: ESD; Pancasila; sustainable development.
Pengembangan Desa Jomboran sebagai Desa Agrowisata Mandiri Melalui Model Pembanguna Karakter, Model Tetrapreneur, dan Pemetaan Potensi Desa Berbasis Pertanian
Authors: Ajri Miftahul , Indarti Siwi , Indarto R. Edwin , PL Rika Fatimah
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Jomboran, one of the villages located in Klaten Tengah, Klaten, Central Java. Jomboran Village is an economical strategic area as it is close to the administrative center of Klaten. Jomboran Village with its potentials can be developed as a tourist village based on agriculture combined with the uniqueness of environmental conditions and cultural wealth of the community.The Jomboran village development method is carried out through three stages: identification of potential and mapping of areas, especially agricultural land; institutional programs and village financial institutions; and village tourism branding program.The programs that have been implemented are the improvement of community motivation through workshop with the theme "Building Powerful Character Towards Jomboran Tourist Village"; training the basics of business to potential community groups to improve the village economy; agricultural extension and technical guidance to farmer group members; Exhibition of the Creative Economy of Featured Products Jomboran, and the initiation of tropical fruit garden as an educational park.Through the UGM Guided Village Program, the potentials of Jomboran village can be synergized into attractive village tour package and have market opportunities.  Keywords: agrotourism; community quality; institutional; tetrapreneur; village.
TRABAJO COLABORATIVO PARA EL DIÁLOGO ÉTICO CON VÍCTIMAS DE LA ESTRATEGIA DE SEGURIDAD EN MÉXICO
Authors: Querales Mendoza May-ek
Published: April 2019

Los científicos sociales en México estamos hoy ante el reto de comprender los efectos de la violencia producida por la guerra contra el narcotráfico. Realizar investigación sobre violaciones a derechos humanos –o temas relacionados– exige que nos planteemos el asunto de la responsabilidad social que podemos adquirir como científicos sociales y requiere que, estudiantes e investigadores consolidados, revisemos nuestras rutas metodológicas y éticas a fin de respetar la dignidad de las personas que participan de la investigación. Con base en esta lógica, en este texto se retoman experiencias de investigación empírica, realizadas entre 2012 y 2015 en El Paso, Texas, con Mexicanos en Exilio, una organización que congrega a 250 mexicanos solicitantes de asilo político en Estados Unidos tras haber sido victimizados en el contexto de la guerra contra el narcotráfico. La intención es compartir algunas  reflexiones sobre el trabajo de investigación colaborativo y la potencia que tiene en la construcción de testimonios sobre las prácticas de crueldad que se han desarrollado durante la última década en México.
The methodological challenges of investigating violence: a perspective from Latin America
Authors: Rojido Emiliano , Cano Ignacio
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo se reflexiona sobre las dificultades de estudiar la violencia en contextos de alta incidencia, en específico desde una perspectiva de América Latina. En primer lugar, se discurre sobre cómo la violencia afecta la calidad de los datos primarios generados en contextos violentos, tanto para investigaciones cualitativas como cuantitativas. En segundo lugar se analizan las limitaciones metodológicas de los propios datos oficiales sobre violencia producida en estos contextos, discutiendo algunas alternativas. Además del impacto metodológico, el artículo incluye  consideraciones sobre aspectos éticos y de seguridad, tanto para los investigadores como para las poblaciones estudiadas.
Bienestar público o financiarización: contratos, consultorías, asociaciones público privadas y compras públicas. (Colonización del gobierno)
Authors: Vicher Diana
Published: April 2019

 

En el escenario mundial configurado como resultado de la retracción del Estado y escasez de recursos, grupos económicos nacionales e internacionales, sobre todo empresas trasnacionales y capital financiero, han encontrado (tal vez ayudados a generar o incidido para hacerlo posible), nuevas oportunidades de negocio (ganancias) que se han abierto gracias a la desregulación de varios sectores del gobierno que incluyen servicios públicos y la creciente inclusión de compras gubernamentales en los tratados de libre comercio. Por ello de manera creciente, desde la década de 1980, esos sectores empresariales (consultorías trasnacionales, calificadoras de riesgo, certificadoras como ISO) y financieros (deuda pública y asociaciones público privadas) se han posicionado en importantes espacios de toma de decisiones, al tiempo que han tenido acceso a explotar actividades que estaban a cargo de gobiernos y administraciones públicas.

Estas "nuevas formas de financiamiento" y opciones de prestación de servicios públicos, presentan diferentes contradicciones que se deben analizar para valorar los efectivos beneficios que pueden aportar, o bien para revelar sus consecuencias reales. Este trabajo revisa la directriz general de la contratación y concesión gubernamental que incluye carteras de servicios de las consultorías trasnacionales al gobierno nacional, la expansión del mercado de compras gubernamentales y formas de financiamiento de asociaciones público privadas.

 
Geopolítica de los medios de comunicación no presencial y el sistema-mundo
Authors: Barrón Pastor Juan Carlos
Published: April 2019

 

Esta colaboración hace una lectura de algunos aspectos relacionados con una posible crisis sistémica que se esté desarrollando en la actualidad, y sobre el papel que el funcionamiento del sistema de medios de comunicación no presencial podría tener en esta transformación que calificaremos como telúrica y planetaria. Para ello, se hará una distinción sobre el uso de la palabra sistema, y cómo se aplica diferenciadamente en los conceptos de sistema-mundo y de sistema de medios de comunicación no presencial. En segundo lugar, se reflexionará sobre algunas posibles implicaciones geopolíticas que podría tener la ampliación de la esfera de influencia del sistema de medios de comunicación no presencial en el sistema-mundo. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis sobre el ascenso de los personajes mediáticos a través del uso de campos programáticos dentro del sistema mediático que conocemos.

 
La gran crisis del inicio del siglo XXI: concentración de las redes financieras mundiales
Authors: Camarena Luhrs Margarita
Published: April 2019

 

A diez años del estallido de la gran crisis financiera internacional de 2008, se mantiene la tendencia de expansión-y-crisis. Esta experiencia no sólo muestra que el sistema financiero es propenso a la crisis sino que cada vez lo moldean más. En este contexto, se discute a continuación el hecho de que con herramientas más débiles para abordar las fallas financieras surgen consecuencias críticas, entre las que se destacan la intensa concentración del capital y la mayor conexión de las redes financieras mundiales.

 

 
Empiema subdural devido a sinusopatias
Authors: Pereira Carlos Umberto , Abud Olegária Maria do Nascimento , Abud Lauro Do Nascimento , Abud Fábio Do Nascimento , Lima Fábio Nunes
Published: April 2019

O empiema subdural pode resultar de disseminação de uma infecção localizada nos seios paranasais, otite média, e ocasionalmente, foco séptico a distância. A causa mais comum de empiema subdural é a sinusite. Os autores apresentam 11 casos de empiema subdural decorrente de sinusopatias, discutem sua via de disseminação, quadro clínico, microorganismos mais freqüentes, meios diagnósticos, tratamento e prognóstico. Chamam ainda a atenção para a importância do tratamento adequado das sinusopatias, visto poderem ocasionar complicações intracranianas potencialmente fatais.
Ganglioglioma desmoplásico infantil
Authors: Bizzi Jorge W. J. , Da Silva Carlos Eduardo , Coutinho Mario Ferreira , Coutinho Lígia M. B.
Published: April 2019

O ganglioglioma desmoplásico infantil (GDI) é um tumor raro, que pertence ao grupo dos tumores mistos neurogliais, descrito pela primeira vez por VandenBerg, em l98716: São tumores supratentoriais, volumosos, apresentando freqüentemente envolvimento leptomeníngeo. O exame anatomopatológico evidencia intensa desmoplasia, com diferenciação astrocítica e ganglionar, bem como o teste imunoistoquímico apresenta resultado positivo para “glial fibrillary acidic protein” (GFAP). São relatados dois casos de GDI e discutidos os aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos dos referidos casos.
Hematomas encefálicos não-traumáticos
Authors: Guimarães Otacilio Moreira , Toledo Domingos E. R. , Venturelli Italo Denelle , Neves Marcos Vinicius , Guimarães Matheus Donnard
Published: April 2019

O hematoma encefálico não-traumático (HENT) é uma doença conhecida há muito, mas somente a partir do advento da tomografia computadorizada, na década de 1970, passou a ser melhor estudada, considerando sua topografia, volume, evolução e efeitos sobre as estruturas vizinhas. Neste trabalho, foram revistos, retrospectivamente, 114 pacientes da clínica neurológica e cirúrgica do Hospital Regional do Sul de Minas, em Varginha, no período de 1991 a 2000, analisando-se as condutas tomadas, o resultado do tratamento conservador ou cirúrgico e sua evolução. Consideraram-se os elementos do quadro clínico e os achados nos exames de tomografia computadorizada, sendo excluídos pacientes portadores de hemorragia subaracnóide primária, hemorragias encefálicas traumáticas ou tumores anteriormente diagnosticados
Análise técnica do artigo “Uma avaliação sobre a problemática dos clipes de aneurismas no Brasil”
Authors: Cademartori Victor G. , Vielmo Horácio A.
Published: April 2019

No último número do periódico Jornal Brasileiro de Neurocirurgia(Volume 15, No 2, 41-52, Maio/Agosto 2004) foipublicado o artigo “Uma avaliação sobre a problemática dosclipes de aneurismas no Brasil”, Maset A, Veiga JC e Saade N.Entende-se que o artigo contém erros metodológicos impor tantese conclusões incorretas, o que atinge a Vicca Equipa mentosBiomédicos, fabricante nacional de clipes para aneurismas,além de toda a comunidade médica brasileira. Por esse motivo,solicita-se ao Editor do JBN, Dr. Ápio Antunes, em resposta, apublicação da presente análise técnica.
Callosal mutism after AVM embolization in territoy of distal anterior cerebral artery branches
Authors: Mattei Tobias Alecio , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , Caldas José Guilherme , Di Pace Aline Bortolotto , Presotto Samanta Saeko Momoi , Mandarino Daniel Pereira , Mattei Josias Alecio
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Callosum mutism (CM) is a rare complication of neurosurgical procedures. There is no previous report of its ocurrence after interventional endovascular procedures for intracranial lesions. Material and method: We present a case of CM after embolization of anterior cerebral artery branches for treatment of a left frontal arterio-venous malformation (AVM). After reporting the particularities of clinical and radiological presentation of such case, we preform a critical literature review and discusses the clinical and ethiological aspects of CM as well as its differences in relation to other genders of speech disturbances (like aphasias). Finally we provide a brief overview about present available methods of cortical function monitoring emphasizing their utility in therapeutic endovascular procedures in eloquent areas. Result and conclusion: In literature, there are no previous report of CM as a complication of therapeutic angiographic procedures. Its exact pathophysiology is unknown. It is usually believed that this syndrome may appear after lesion of any of the components of the dentate-thalamic-cortical pathway, as well as supplementary motor area and mesolimbic regions involved in speech production. The diagnosis of CM must be considered after a clinical picture of speech deficit after therapeutic endovascualr procedures in territory of distal branches of anterior cerebral artery, specially of frontopolar (FpA branch) and anterior internal frontal (AIFA) branches.
Tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas da circulação anterior
Authors: Aguiar Paulo Henrique , Flores Juan Antonio Castro , Caldas José Guilherme , De Santana Júnior Pedro Augusto , Fontes Ricardo , Simm Renata Faria , Panagopuolos Alexandros Theodoros
Published: April 2019

Objetivos: Os autores fazem uma análise crítica dos métodos de tratamento dos aneurismas da circulação anterior, além de salientarem os aspectos anatômicos e acessos cirúrgicos. Métodos: Os aspectos evolutivos da técnica cirúrgica e endovascular de tratamento de aneurismas são discutidos, bem como as indicações e principais complicações. Resultados: Uma análise dos aneurismas da circulação anterior é feita e discutida quanto aos aspectos de sua localização, classificação e formas de tratamento. Os aneurismas paraclinóideos são os mais difíceis de serem abordados e tratados. Conclusão: A via pterional é a mais adequada e em aneurismas gigantes a ponte com exerto venoso da carótida externa para cerebral média pode ser muito útil.
Reconstrução da base do crânio – Enxertos e retalhos regionais
Authors: Isolan Gustavo Rassier , Chem Carlos Correa , Webster Ronaldo , Stefani Marco Antônio , Oppitz Paulo Petry , Franciscato André Ceruti , Antunes Apio Cláudio Martins
Published: April 2019

Um dos maiores problemas após os procedimentos que envolvem a base do crânio é quando o espaço intracraniano não pode ser isolado das áreas adjacentes. Visando resolver este problema, juntamente com a evolução da cirurgia da base do crânio, tem havido uma grande evolução nas técnicas de reconstrução da base do crânio. A anatomia da base do crânio pode ser dividida em anterior, média e posterior. O objetivo dos autores é descrever as técnicas de reconstrução da base do crânio em uma série de pacientes neurocirúrgicos, realizadas por uma equipe de neurocirurgia, e em uma série de pacientes com carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço realizadas por uma equipe de cirurgia plástica, bem como fazer uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre anatomia da vascularização da base do crânio, tipos de enxertos mais utilizados e retalhos miocutâneos. Os vários métodos de reconstrução são descritos seqüencialmente, iniciando com sintéticos e enxertos livres, estendendo-se aos retalhos miocutâneos.
Edema peritumoral em meningiomas
Authors: Simis André , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , Santana Junior Pedro Augustto , Da Silva Clemar Corrêa
Published: April 2019

Objetivos: Edema peritumoral (EP) está presente em 60% dos meningiomas intracranianos. Ao contrário dos tumores intra-axiais, cuja fisiopatologia do edema é creditada a uma desordem da barreira hêmato-encefálica, o real mecanismo de formação do edema perilesional nos meningiomas aindaé desconhecido. Revisar as teorias de formação do EP, assim como suas diversas características são os objetivos deste artigo. Métodos: Os autores discutem, através de revisão de literatura, a associação do EP em meningiomas com fatores clínicos, radiológicos, cirúrgicos, histopatológicos e com recorrência tumoral. Resultados: Vários fatores causais têm sido discutidos nosdiversos artigos, como a quebra da barreira hêmato-encefálica, compressão mecânica e vascular, a secreção de fatores produtores de edema, relacionado a hipoplasia de veias de drenagem e ao padrão de vascularização pial.Conclusão: A causa da formação de edema peritumoral em meningiomas é provavelmente multifatorial e pode estar associada a um maior potencial invasivo do tumor. O seu estudo aprofundado poderá trazer dados adicionais para o esclarecimento dos mecanismos de formação dos meningiomas e deseu comportamento biológico levando ao melhor manejo clínico dos pacientes.
Evolução neuropsicológica de pacientes com metástases cerebrais submetidos à radioterapia paliativa
Authors: Miotto Eliane Correa , Maluf Fernando , Teixeira Catarina Andréa Santana , Nadalin Wladimir , Souza de Lucia Mara Cristina , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires
Published: April 2019

Introdução: O tratamento radioterápico como modalidade terapêutica das metástases cerebrais está associado a um melhor controle local e diminuição da probabilidade de morte neurológica. Entretanto, há um número escasso de estudos na literatura investigando os efeitos deste tratamento, especialmentede radioterapia total de cérebro paliativa, no funcionamento cognitivo e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes que a ele se submetem. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o funcionamento cognitivo de pacientes com metástases cerebrais antes e após o tratamento de radioterapia total de cérebro paliativa. Método: Os 13 pacientes incluídos foram submetidos a 30 Gyem 10 frações, totalizando 3000 cGy. Os testes neuropsicológicos selecionados avaliaram as funções mnésticas, atencionais, executivas, intelectuais e motoras.Resultados: Os principais resultados demonstraram prejuízo das funções executivas, atencionais e de memória episódica, após o tratamento de radioterapia total de cérebro, especialmente, em pacientes com 3 ou 4 metástases cerebrais. Conclusão: Estes achados foram discutidos levando-se em consideração os déficits cognitivos e localização das lesões.
Neural stem cells as novel therapeutic vehicles for genetic therapy in gliomas
Authors: Mattei Tobias Alécio , Dal-Prá Ducci Renata , Ramina Ricardo , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a small fraction of glioma cells (specially in high-grade tumors) endowed with features of primitive neural progenitor cells and tumor-initiating function. As such neural stem cells have tremendous migratory potential for pathological areas in the central nervous system, they, theoretically, could be used to produce a desired gene product against glioma tumor cells. Matherial and Methods: The authors perform a critical literature review in order to highlight recent studies about the role of neural stem cells in the origin of malignant gliomas as well as its possible role as novel vehicles for delivery of targeted genetic therapy approaches. Results: Several recent studies have adressed the possible role of stem cells in the origin of gliomas. Furthermore, recent evidence has also suggested that engraftment of such cells would be followed by integration into the “local neural milieu” and accompanied by stable gene expression, acting, this way, as ideal genetic “vectors”. In addition, the pluripotency of such stem cells would endow them with the capability to replace diseased tissues in an appropriate manner (such as demonstrated in animal models of ischemic stroke). Conclusions: A better understanding of the mechanisms by which neural stem cells migrate to specific sources of injury may allow us to harness these cells as vehicles for delivery of molecular therapies and impact survival in patients with high-grade gliomas. It is important to emphasize, however, that the promising use of neural stem cells for genetic therapy in gliomas, is adjunctive and not a replacement of current standart therapies such as surgery (with maximal possible resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (with Temozolamide), which are expected to continue being part of the therapeutic armamentary against gliomas, at least in the near future.
Meningiomas múltiples
Authors: Barboza Miguel , Rojas Diana , Escoe Katherine
Published: April 2019

Los meningiomas son los tumores intracraneales extraaxiales más comunes, generalmente son benignos y de crecimiento lento. Se considera meningiomas múltiples (MM) cuando un paciente sin Neurofibromatosis tipo II (NF-II) presenta más de un meningioma dentro del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC); independientemente de que se presenten simultáneamente o separados en el tiempo. Presentamos un caso de una paciente con MM en quien el curso de la enfermedad no fue bueno, lo cual es inusual para los meningiomas.
Mini-open Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , Zicarelli Carlos Alexandre Martins , Sparapani Fabio V. C. , De Santana Jr Pedro Augusto , Panagoupolos Alexandros Theodoros , Maldaun Marcos Vinicius C.
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Median nerve compression is the most common nerve entrapment syndrome. After carpal tunnel release, patients often complain about the scar cosmetic appearance. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcome, surgical technique and complications of mini-open carpal release. Methods: We reviewed data from 48 surgical procedures for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in 32 patients at the Pinheiros Neurologicaland Neurosurgical Clinic in the period of 2000 and 2008. The mean age was 49 years-old. We used a 2 cm incision and microscopic technique to obtain meticulous access of the palmar hand anatomy with special attention to both the recurrent motor branch and palmar cutaneous nerve. Results: Twenty-two patients had total resolution of symptoms. Two patients had no change of neurological symptoms. During the follow up no infection or neurological deficits were observed. Conclusion: Mini-open is a safe and effective approach for carpal tunnel syndrome release. However detailed palmar hand anatomy is mandatory to prevent lesion of branching palmar nerve. The use of microscope is desirable to help identify important structures and avoid complications.
Meningiomas Petroclivais
Authors: Borba Luis A. B. , Da Cunha Marcelo L. Vieira , Filho Léo F. S. Ditzel , De Oliveira Jean G. , Filho Miguel Giudicissi , Neto Aziz Rassi
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: O tratamento cirúrgico dos tumores originários da região petroclival, ou com extensão para essa área, é um desafio para os neurocirurgiões. Aqui descrevemos duas abordagens de base de crânio a meningeomas petroclivais, definidos como tumores originários dos dois terços superiores do clivus, na junção petroclival, e medial ao nervo trigêmeo.Descrição: A abordagem cranio-orbito-zigomática (COZ) é descrita para lesões localizadas no clivus superior, com e sem extensão ao seio cavernoso, e a abordagem petrosa posterior, usada para alcançar lesões localizadas no clivus médio, com ou sem extensão ao clivus superior ou inferior. Na abordagemCOZ , o canal auditivo interno é sua extensão inferior. Conclusões: A remoção radical dos meningeomas (graus 1 e 2 da escala de Simpson) é bem estabelecida como o melhor tratamento. Abordagens à base do crânio são mais adequadas para a remoção radical de meningeomas petroclivais. Tumores moles como schwannomas trigeminais, cistos epidermóidesou meningeomas com extensão para a região petroclival, porém sem inserção, podem ser removidos pela abordagem retrosigmóidea.
Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH):
Authors: De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , De Araújo Júnior Antônio Santos , Fazzito Mirella Martins , Simms Renata , Melgar Miguel , Kleindienst Andrea
Published: April 2019

Cerebral vasospasm and the delayed cerebral ischemia remain a source of substantial morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Hemodynamic manipulation better known as ‘triple H’ therapy is routinely used in the management of patients with acute vasospasmfollowing SAH. The rationale of inducing hypertension, hypervolemia and hemodilution is to improve blood flow to the injured brain and to prevent secondary ischemia. While the Ca2+ antagonist Nimodipine is still the only drug with proven benefit on neurologic outcome following SAH, several alternatives are under research. Tirilazad is not effective, and studies of hemodynamic maneuvers, magnesium, statin medications, endothelin antagonists, steroid drugs, anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents, and intrathecal fibrinolytic drugs have yielded inconclusive and controversial results. Steroids drugs and anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents have been abandoned so far, because of the lack of efficacy. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a systematic review of the existing literature on the treatment of cerebral vasospasm.
Clipping Versus Coil
Authors: Flores Camila , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Currently, there are two available methods for aneurysms treatment, endovascular and microsurgery. The publication of ISAT has been producing a tendency towards coiling in spite of methodological mistakes and misinterpretation. The objective of this study is to discuss the current treatmentof the cerebral aneurysms , considering the conclusions of ISAT review and perhaps enhancing its influence in the contemporary treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Matherial and Methods: The authors carried out a review of theliterature.studying articles and discussing the results of ISAT aiming to perform a critical analysis of its methodology and practical interpretations of these results. Results: Due to the controversial methodology, incongruous criteria of selection, statistical faults, no quantification of the secondary outcome,ISAT review was not able to provide definitive answers about the ideal treatment to the intracranial aneurysms. Conclusions: No conclusions can be formulated confirming the superiority of coiling over clipping. Generalization and acceptance of ISAT conclusions are precocious and it is not in thebest interest of patients harboring intracranial aneurysms.
Tratamento Cirúrgico dos Meningiomas Espinhais
Authors: Filho Osvaldo Vilela
Published: April 2019

Introdução: Os meningiomas espinhais são os tumores intradurais e extramedulares mais freqüentes, representando na literatura entre 20 e 46% do total de tumores da coluna. Tipicamente se situam na região torácica apresentando crescimento lento com tendência a se extender lateralmente peloespaço subaracnóideo. Objetivo: Neste artigo os autores realizam uma revisão da literatura sobre meningiomas espinhais, descrevem as características epidemiológicas, achados histopatológicos, evolução clínica e as técnicas cirúrgicas descritas. Métodos: Artigos elaborados no formato de revisãocom levantamento de trabalhos citados na base MEDLINE/ Index Medicus e LILACS, compreendendo período de 1953 a 2008. Resultados: Neste período verificamos 476 trabalhos, 431 escritos em português ou inglês, destes selecionados os 51 de maior impacto. Conclusões: Meningiomas espinhais sãocaracteristicamente tumores benignos. O aperfeiçoamento dos exames de imagem, das técnicas microcirúrgicas e do desenvolvimento de dispositivos cirúrgicos com alta tecnologia permitem que estas lesões tendam a ter uma evolução favorável.