bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connotation and Realization Path of Labour Education in Universities - Based on the Perspective of Chinese Universities
Authors: Zhang Jun Li , Long Kimberley Lau Yih , Yuan Ma Xiao
Published: September 2021

Labour education has been weakened and alienated in higher education. Repositioning labour education is an important part of the deepening reform of colleges and universities as well as the focus of improving the higher education system. Practicing labour education can enhance college students’ labour awareness, improve labour skills and enable college students to obtain a rational understanding of ‘knowledge’ from the practice of ‘action’. This is an important way to realize holistic education. This article puts forward the connotation of ‘labour’ under the background of the new era and updates the traditional cognition of ‘labour’. It proposes effective ways for colleges and universities to realize labour education according to the background of the era and the labour demand of employers; so as to break the shortcomings of labour education in colleges and universities as well as improve the quality of whole-person education to better meet the needs of the job market.
Gender and Ethnic Diversity, and Economic Value Added: Evidence from Government-Linked Companies
Authors: Merara Michele , Janang Jennifer Tunga , Bujang Imbarine
Published: September 2021

Board diversity was further emphasized in the revised Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) 2017, as this can allow for more board effectiveness in constructive debates and better decisions. With this recommended deliverable, the code believes that companies should perform and will be more equipped to face the ever-changing business environment and challenges. This study examines the influence of boardroom diversity on corporate performance using Government-Linked Companies (GLCs) in Malaysia as units of analysis. The study used secondary data of publicly listed GLCs in Malaysia for seven years (2012 to 2018). We used gender and ethnicity to proxy for boardroom diversity while economic value added (EVA) represents the company’s performance. We also used panel data multiple regression to analyze the data. After controlling for firm size and firm age, the empirical results revealed that board ethnicity is negatively and significantly related to firms’ economic performance. Board gender, however, provides insignificant results. We also find the firm size to be significant and positively related to EVA. This preliminary result on board composition requires further research on how Malaysian GLCs can address the MCCG’s recommended governance compliance, particularly on the monitoring roles of the board on firm performance.
Usability and Users’ Satisfaction on Online Electronic Voting System
Authors: Sarkawi Adib , Johari Aiza , Bujang Azlina , Bibi Zainon Haji
Published: September 2021

This paper identifies the respondents’ views towards e-Voting (electronic technology voting) such as the process, users’ satisfaction, and relevancy, and to determine the usability criteria of e- voting’s interface, in which it employs a quantitative method, using self-administered adapted questionnaires. The survey involves 250 respondents (voters), who immediately completed five Likert scales survey after they had voted for the committee members in two general elections: a social club for the university’s staff (using Internet) and an organization for the female staff of the university (using the Intranet). The respondents were of different demographic backgrounds and they casted their online votes at two different periods (two years difference). The data were analysed using the SPSS software. The study found positive responses from most of the voters in which they expressed their satisfaction that e-Voting was convenient and easy to be used in the voting process, where the system illustrated relevant content and generated adequate procedures. Notably, the usability criteria of the interface of e-Voting as indicated by most respondents are between good to very good scales (navigation, graphic, user-friendliness andconsistency, content, and transparency).
Transparency and Accountability of a Village Fund Management During COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Aisyaturrahmi Aisyaturrahmi , Nuswantara Dian Anita , Prastiwi Dewi , Bhilawa Loggar , Md Daud Seri Ayu Masuri
Published: September 2021

In the face of the super contagious and deadly COVID-19 pandemic, the government has to accelerate planning and make quick decisions to contain the virus and provide necessary assistance to the affected people. Therefore, amid this global health crisis, public fund management procedures may undergo significant modifications. This study considers how urgency is implicated in the village fund management during COVID-19 in Indonesia. A case study of an East Javanese village was conducted between May and August 2020. In-depth interviews with four key managers and eight beneficiaries of the fund yielded interesting findings. Particularly, two key elements formerly practised by the village fund managers, namely transparency and accountability, were largely omitted. Consequently, some of the locals being interviewed claimed that a portion of the funds was misappropriated. Arguably, urgency warrants some adaptation, and hence transparency and accountability may have to be forfeited (to some extent) to expedite the fund allotment. However, our findings imply that opportunistic behaviour may occur among the fund managers. Consistent with the notion of strategic responses to institutional pressure, the urgency of dealing with the crisis fund may prompt the higher authorities to adopt an adaptive regulating style, hence relaxing their coercive pressure, and allowing fund managers to pursue their self-interest.
Group graded Morita equivalences for wreath products
Authors: Minuta Virgilius-Aurelian
Published: September 2021

"Starting with group graded Morita equivalences, we obtain Morita
equivalences for tensor products and wreath products."
Different type parameterized inequalities via generalized integral operators with applications
Authors: Kashuri Artion , Liko Rozana
Published: September 2021

"The authors have proved an identity for a generalized integral operator
via di erentiable function with parameters. By applying the established identity,
the generalized trapezium, midpoint and Simpson type integral inequalities have
been discovered. It is pointed out that the results of this research provide integral
inequalities for almost all fractional integrals discovered in recent past decades.
Various special cases have been identi ed. Some applications of presented results
to special means and new error estimates for the trapezium and midpoint quadrature
formula have been analyzed. The ideas and techniques of this paper may
stimulate further research in the eld of integral inequalities."
Sirenomelia (Mermaid Syndrome)
Authors:   Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang/FK UNAND, Defrin Defrin , Leenesa Calvindra , Marcella Marcella
Published: September 2021

Abstract Objective: To report a rare fetal abnormalities case Method: Case report Case: Reported case of a 37-year-old patient came to the emergency room at RSIA Siti Hawa Padang with complaints of inpartu signs in the last 8 hours before entering the hospital. After the examination, the diagnosis was G3P2A0L3 35-36 weeks of preterm parturient active phase of first stage + twice previous CS + breech presentation. Then, the patient was planned for an emergency CS at 07.50 am. Born babies with genitalia form was not identified, BW: 2030 grams, BH: 30 cm, Scoring Apgar: 3/5, there are congenital abnormalities in the lower extremity of the baby like mermaid form. After observing the baby’s room, the baby was declared dead at 09.50 am. Conclusion: Sirenomelia is a rare congenital defect that has a fatal impact, characterized by varying degrees of fusion in the lower limbs, thoracolumbar spinal anomalies, sacrococcygeal agenesis, genitourinary and anorectal atresia. Because of the poor prognosis, management of sirenomelia will be very difficult with unexpected results. Key words : Fetal abnormalities, Sirenomelia, Mermaid syndrome.
Why God Thinks what He is Thinking? An Argument against Samuel Newlands’ Brute–Fact–Theory of Divine Ideas in Leibniz’s Metaphysics
Authors: Propach Jan Levin
Published: September 2021

According to the most prominent principle of early modern rationalists, the Principle of Sufficient Reason [PSR], there are no brute facts, hence, there are no facts without any explanation. Contrary to the PSR, some philosophers have argued that divine ideas are brute facts within Leibniz’s metaphysics. In this paper, I argue against brute-fact-theories of divine ideas, especially represented by Samuel Newlands in Leibniz and the Ground of Possibility, and elaborate an alternative Leibnizian theory of divine ideas.
Reflexiones en el tránsito hacia la pospandemia desde experiencias estudiantiles y docentes en una universidad pública argentina
Authors: Pierella María Paula , Borgobello Ana
Published: September 2021

En este artículo compartimos algunas reflexiones surgidas en la confluencia de investigaciones sobre el ingreso a la universidad en tiempos de pandemia y procesos de formación docente universitaria desarrollados en ese marco. Dentro de las vastas dimensiones abiertas en este contexto de transformaciones, nos centramos en las condiciones a partir de las cuales se acercaron estudiantes ingresantes y docentes a la virtualización forzosa, advirtiendo sobre las problemáticas en cuanto a las desigualdades en torno al acceso y la formación pedagógica y tecnológica. Nos detenemos luego en las experiencias educativas virtualizadas, enfatizando en la dimensión del conocimiento. Seguidamente, introducimos la problemática del reconocimiento, que consideramos nodal para pensar los vínculos entre estudiantes y docentes, especialmente en los primeros años. A modo de cierre, nos preguntamos acerca del tránsito desde la crisis al después en términos de las posibilidades de apropiación de espacios en tiempos de pospandemia.
La interferencia de la Iglesia Católica en la ampliación de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en Chile. El caso de la despenalización parcial del aborto en 2017
Authors: Puraye Alix
Published: September 2021

En Chile, la cuestión de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos -impensable durante mucho tiempo en una dictadura caracterizada por un machismo estructural- empieza a plantearse en los años 90, en una democracia todavía marcada por los enclaves del antiguo régimen autoritario. Su ampliación se ve aún hoy fuertemente obstaculizada por un actor históricamente decisivo en la vida política del país: la Iglesia Católica. Apoyándose en un conjunto heterogéneo de actores, esta ha puesto en marcha una estrategia retórica y activista muy eficaz para retrasar la agenda feminista, restringiendo al máximo la promulgación de leyes reñidas con su concepción esencialista de la mujer y de la familia. A través de un recorrido histórico de la relación entre Iglesia Católica y luchas feministas, y del análisis del caso de la despenalización parcial del aborto en 2017, este estado del arte nos permitirá entender a la vez cuándo y cómo se produce la escisión político-ideológica entre estos dos actores o, más bien, cuándo dejan de ser aliados. Asimismo, a través del ejemplo del aborto, se verá cuáles son las estrategias diseñadas por la jerarquía para luchar contra la amenaza que representa la ampliación de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, esta es, la encarnación de la “ideología de género” y la “cultura de la muerte”.
“¡Acá no hay maricones!” Experiencia de lectura y escritura en el Centro Cerrado Almafuerte de la ciudad de La Plata
Authors: Morini Luciana Daniela
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo analiza una situación de enseñanza-aprendizaje en una clase de Literatura, en un curso que aúna estudiantes de quinto y sexto año de la Escuela Secundaria Nro. 40, que articula dentro del Centro Cerrado Almafuerte en la localidad de La Plata, el cual aloja a varones jóvenes en conflicto con la ley penal.
A partir del análisis de un registro de una clase en la cual se leyó el cuento “El marica” de Abelardo Castillo, se desprenden múltiples interrogantes en torno a las categorías sexo-genéricas y a los roles masculinos y femeninos históricamente construidos. A su vez, desde un enfoque etnográfico con perspectiva de género, se busca reflexionar sobre el espacio institucional, las corporalidades, el uso del lenguaje, las formas de la resistencia a través de la parodia, las normas de control corporal y subjetivo, y el vínculo entre la docente y los estudiantes protagonistas de la experiencia. Por último, se señala el potencial de la literatura para desarrollar debates en torno a estas temáticas.
La división sexual del trabajo. Reflexiones desde el Feminismo Materialista Francés
Authors: Estermann Victoria
Published: September 2021

Este artículo se propone reponer las teorizaciones en torno a la división sexual del trabajo desde el feminismo materialista francés, en particular, la propuesta de Danièle Kergoat acerca de las relaciones sociales estructurales. El objetivo es evaluar sus aportes a algunos debates actuales en el interior de los estudios del trabajo, entre los cuales la conciliación entre trabajo doméstico y trabajo asalariado es la más relevante. Una de las principales conclusiones es que dicha perspectiva puede ser útil para analizar las características del mundo del trabajo desde una perspectiva imbricacional, donde los distintos ejes de opresión sean tenidos en cuenta en sus configuraciones específicas.
Debates feministas en la Cuba de hoy. Entrevista a Lirians Gordillo Piña y Zaida Capote Cruz de Asamblea Feminista
Authors: Maidana Clara , Smaldone Mariana , Soza Rossi Paula
Published: September 2021

En esta entrevista, Lirians y Zaida nos hablan de su compromiso en Cuba como integrantes de Asamblea Feminista, junto a Helen Hernández Hormilla (Kazán, URSS, 1985). Se refieren a las estrategias que vienen pensando en red y a la presentación de una “Solicitud de Ley integral contra la violencia de género en Cuba” a la Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular, el parlamento cubano, del 22 de noviembre de 2019
“Scottish Question” and Its New Cultural Meanings in “Culture Capitalism” by Alasdair Gray
Authors: Martynenko E. A.
Published: September 2021

An interpretation of the story “Culture Capitalism”, placed in the authoritative anthology “Every Short Story: from 1951 to 2012” of the classic of Scottish literature Alasdair Gray, in the context of the original interpretation by the patriotic writer of the “Scottish question «is offered in the article. It is noted that the problems of the story, written in 1990, are closely related to the establishment in the same year of the status of Glasgow as a cultural capital. Gray’s doubt about the declared cultural messages is analyzed through the prism of the concepts of P. Bourdieu and S. Žižek. It is proved that certain plots and images indicate the development in Gray’s work of ideas close to researchers of postcolonial literature, and in particular the idea of “internal colonization" of Scotland. An interpretation of a number of images that have an allegorical meaning in the light of criticism of English cultural, political and economic hegemony is offered in the article. In addition, based on the ideas of J. Homberg-Schramm about the nature of the nation’s ideas about its gender, class and linguistic identity, the author considers the representation of national auto-stereotypes and their consistent revision. The author concludes that Alasdair Gray sees the possible peaceful coexistence of England and Scotland beyond the boundaries of the model of exploitative colonialism.
Image of Giant in Mythology of Ob Ugrians and Zabolotny Tatars
Authors: Prokopova M. V. , Faizullina G. Ch. , Ermakova E. N.
Published: September 2021

The results of a comparative analysis of the images of giants in the mythological traditions of geographically close unrelated peoples — the Ob Ugrians (Khanty and Mansi) and the Zabolotny Tatars are presented in the article. It is noted that the assimilation and leveling of the features of the giants images in original cultures did not occur, despite the fact that the myths of the West Siberian peoples were subjected to processes of mutual influence. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the external features and the origin of mythological characters (giants) with the specifics of the geoclimatic landscapes inhabited by the peoples that form the epic. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that for the first time the genesis, attributes and functions of the mythological heroes of unrelated peoples living in adjacent territories — the Ob Ugrians and the Zabolotny Tatars — are compared. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the image of a giant has significant prospects in the reconstruction of an ethnic cultural space, since, being one of the most archaic characters in myths, at the same time it remains a part of modern cultural consciousness. The author’s vision of the common and unique features of giants as distinctive characters of the Ob-Ugric and Siberian Tatar mythological systems is presented in the article. The research materials were myths and legends of the peoples of Western Siberia, records of oral stories of the indigenous inhabitants of the region, collected by the authors during field expeditions.
Seasonal Dynamics of Marriage and Fertility of Population of Tambov Province in 1915—1916: Experience of Modernization
Authors: Samokhin K. V.
Published: September 2021

The monthly marriage and birth rate of the population of the Tambov province in 1915—1916 is considered in the article. The methodological basis of the work was the theory of modernization, which is considered by the author in the context of the history of Russia in the 19th — first half of the 20th centuries in the classical interpretation of the transition from traditional society to modern. The novelty of the article lies in the introduction into the scientific circulation of data on the seasonal dynamics of marriage and fertility of the Tambovites during the First World War. A comparative analysis of the corresponding numerical indicators among the townspeople and villagers in 1915—1916 with the pre-war period is carried out. The author comes to the conclusion that the seasonal dynamics of marriage and fertility can be used as a quantitative substantiation of such directions of spiritual modernization as the level of secularization and the propensity to innovate. The analysis shows that the general model of the demographic behavior of Tambov residents is generally correlated with the previous periods. The author comes to the conclusion that the revealed differences between the townspeople and villagers of the Tambov province in the studied plan indicate a greater inclination of the former to innovations and their higher level of secularization, and this confirms the position that the Tambov society was only at the initial stage of spiritual modernization.
Mystical Sects on Territory of Tobolsk Province of 18th — Early 20th Centuries: Distribution and Number of Followers
Authors: Suslova L. N. , Yarkova I. V.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the mystical sectarianism spread on the territory of the Tobolsk province in the 18th — early 20th centuries. The main groups of mystical sects in the Tobolsk province are revealed. The features of the sects’ doctrine are characterized. The socially dangerous nature of the activities of Eunuchs, causing physical and moral harm to persons involved in the sect, is characterized on specific historical material. The authors come to the conclusion about the relativity of government statistics on the number of sectarians in the region. The nature of the interaction of sectarian communities with the state, as well as the implementation of confessional policy on the territory of the province is presented in the work. Analysis of forensic sources allows us to conclude that the use of severe punishment, including imprisonment, deprivation of all rights of the state and exile to remote areas of the country, largely contributed to the departure of Eunuchs from the practice of castrating their followers, the use of less cruel methods of achieving “bodily purity”. The dynamics of the degree of distribution and the nature of the settlement of sectarians are considered.  The research was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the complex of legislative, statistical and record keeping sources of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow) and the State Archive in Tobolsk.
GINA 2021 – przełom czy kontynuacja?
Authors: Sybilski Adam J.
Published: September 2021

Światowa Inicjatywa na Rzecz Zwalczania Astmy to organizacja, której działalność opiera się na zwiększaniu świadomości personelu medycznego, pacjentów i społeczeństwa na temat astmy, jej przyczyn, przebiegu, leczenia oraz wpływu na funkcjonowanie. Swoje rekomendacje opiera na badaniach naukowych, ich sukcesywna aktualizacja dała podstawy do wydania w 2021 r. nowych wytycznych. Jest to kontynuacja największych zmian od 30 lat, które zaszły w 2019 r. Do najważniejszych z nich należy zmiana podejścia terapeutycznego w pierwszym i drugim stadium zaawansowania choroby. Główne zmiany dotyczą ograniczenia stosowania szybko działających β2-mimetyków w monoterapii oraz przyjmowania doraźnie leków złożonych – wziewnych glikokortykosteroidów łącznie z lekami rozszerzającymi oskrzela (długo działającymi β2-mimetykami, krótko działającymi β2-mimetykami).
Dlaczego wybieram inhalator Spiromax®?
Authors: Emeryk Andrzej
Published: September 2021

Przedstawiono najważniejsze cechy inhalatora suchego proszku typu Spiromax®. Spiromax® jest najnowocześniejszym urządzeniem, zaliczanym do inhalatorów suchego proszku trzeciej generacji. Cechują go niski minimalny przepływ wdechowy, emitowanie stałej dawki leku niezależnie od wielkości przepływów wdechowych generowanych przez chorego. Produkuje chmurę aerozolową o wysokiej jakości z niską wartością MMAD i wysoką FPF. Preparat DuoResp Spiromax® można zastosować w nowoczesnej terapii astmy metodą MART.
Lead Concentration in Dust Fall in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran
Authors: Abdollahi Sara , Karimi Akram , Madadi Meysam , Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh , Eslamian Saeid , P. Singh Vijay
Published: September 2021

Dust is one of the atmospheric pollutants that has adverse environmental effects and consequences. Dust fall contains particles of 100 microns and smaller which fall from the atmosphere onto the earth surface. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of lead in dust fall samples in order to study the pollution level of this element in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran. Therefore, sampling was carried out using 30 marble dust collectors (MDCO) for 3 months in the spring of 2015 to investigate the quantitative variation and spatial analysis of lead content in dust fall. These dust collectors were placed at 30 stations on the buildings' roofs with a height of approximately 1.5 meters across the city. According to the results, the mean lead concentration in the spring was 90.16 mg/kg. In addition, the zoning map of lead content shows that the lowest level of lead was measured at Imam Khomeini station, while Mostafa Khomeini station had the highest amount of lead.
Order, scale structure and coupling types of coastal port city system from the perspective of multi-function
Authors: Guo Jianke , Wu Lulu , Li Bo , Qin Yafeng
Published: September 2021

Using the rank scale rule, taking 47 major port cities in China from 2001 to 2015 as research samples, this paper discusses the rank scale characteristics and hierarchical structure of coastal port city system from a multi-functional perspective, and divides the coupling type of multi-functional development based on shipping logistics. The research shows that: 1) from 2001 to 2015, the scale-free area of manufacturing function order scale distribution in the coastal port city system appeared bifractal structure, the hierarchical segmentation characteristics appeared, and the other functions were single fractal; From the perspective of long-term evolution, only the order and scale distribution of shipping logistics function has developed from centralization to equilibrium, while the business function, manufacturing function (scale-free region I), modern service function and population distribution function are in a centralized situation. 2) The hierarchical structure of coastal port city system has gradually changed from pyramid structure to spindle structure, and generally formed five levels: national hub, regional hub, regional sub center, regional node and local node. 3) From the perspective of multi-functional coupling types, the traditional functions of port cities are generally ahead, while the high-end service functions lag behind, and the improvement speed of urban functions is slow and tends to be flat, indicating that the multi-functional development of China’s coastal port cities is still at a low level, and the industrial system structure needs to be further optimized. 4) From the perspective of port cities at different levels, the functions of regional hub cities and regional sub central cities are in the stage of rapid growth; regional and local node cities are still in the growth stage of traditional functions such as industry and commerce.
Study on the distribution pattern and influencing factors of shrinking cities in Northeast China based on the random forest model
Authors: Yan Guanghua , Chen Xi , Zhang Yun
Published: September 2021

Based on the population change data of 2005-2009, 2010-2014, 2015-2019 and 2005-2019, the shrinking cities in Northeast China are determined to analyze their spatial distribution pattern. And the influencing factors and effects of Shrinking Cities in Northeast China are explored by using multiple linear regression method and random forest regression method. The results show that: 1) In space, the shrinking cities in Northeast China are mainly distributed in the “land edge” areas represented by Changbai Mountain, Sanjiang Plain, Xiaoxing’an Mountain and Daxing’an Mountain. In terms of time, the contraction center shows an obvious trend of moving northward, while the opposite expansion center shows a trend of moving southward, and the Shrinking Cities gather further; 2) in the study of influencing factors, the results of multiple linear regression and random forest regression show that socio-economic factors play a major role in the formation of shrinking cities; 3) the precision of random forest regression is higher than that of multiple linear regression. The results show that per capita GDP has the greatest impact on the contraction intensity, followed by the unemployment rate, science and education expenses and the average wage of on-the-job workers. Among the four influencing factors, only the unemployment rate promotes the contraction, and the other three influencing factors inhibit the formation of shrinking cities to various degrees.
Evaluating Models and Effective Factors Obtained from Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in the Prediction of Forest Fire Risk, Structured Review
Authors: Karimi Akram , Abdollahi Sara , Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh , P. Singh Vijay , Eslamian Saeid , Heidarian Ali , Nekooei Mohsen , Gholami Hossein , Pazdar Sona
Published: September 2021

Fire is a phenomenon occurs in most parts of the world and causes severe financial losses and sometimes, irreparable damages. Many parameters are involved in the occurrence of a fire; some of which are constant over time (at least in a fire cycle), but the others are dynamic and vary over time. Unlike the earthquake, the disturbance of fire depends on a set of physical, chemical, and biological relations. Monitoring the changes to predict the occurrence of fire is efficient in forest management.Method: In this research, the Persian and English databases were structurally searched using the keywords of fire risk modeling, fire risk, fire risk prediction, and remote sensing and the reviewed papers that reviewed predicted the fire risk in the field of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System were retrieved. Then, the modeling and zoning data of fire risk prediction were extracted and analyzed in a descriptive manner. Accordingly, the study was conducted in 1995-2017. Findings: Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) zoning method was more practical among the applied methods and the plant moisture stress measurement was the most efficient among the remote sensing indices.Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that RS and GIS are an effective tool in the study of fire risk prediction.
Genesis of langrial iron ore of hazara area, khyber pakhtunkhaw, parkistan
Authors: Haider Naghmah , Khan Sajjad , Siddiqui Rehanul Haq , Iqbal Shahid , -Haq Nazar-Ul
Published: September 2021

The Iron Ore of Hazara area has been studied at seven locations for detail mineralogical and genesis investigations. Thick bedded iron ore have been observed between Kawagarh Formation and Hangu Formation i.e Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary. At the base of Hangu Formation variable thickness of these lateritic beds spread throughout the Hazara and Kohat-Potwar plateau. This hematite ore exists in the form of unconformity. X-Ray Diffraction technique (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), detailed petroghraphic study and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques indicated that iron bearing minerals  are hematite,  chamosite and  quartz, albite, clinochlore, illite-montmorillonite, kaolinite, calcite, dolomite and ankerite are the impurities present in these beds. The X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) results show that the total Fe2O3 ranges from 39 to 56% and it has high silica and alumina ratio is less than one. Beneficiation requires for significant increase in ore grade. The petroghraphic study revealed the presence of ooids fragments as nuclei of other ooids with limited clastic supply which indicate high energy shallow marine depositional setting under warm and humid climate. The overall results show that Langrial Iron ore is a low-grade iron ore and can be upgraded up to 62% by applying modern mining techniques to fulfill steel requirements of the country.
Predicting fire hazard areas using vegetation indexes, Case Study: Forests of Golestan province, Iran
Authors: Karimi Akram , Abdollahi Sara , Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh , Eslamian Saeid , P. Singh Vijay
Published: September 2021

Every year, hundreds of fires occur in the forests and rangelands across the world and damage thousands hectare of trees, shrubs, and plants which cause environmental and economic damages. This study aims to establish a real time forest fire alert system for better forest management and monitoring in Golestan province. In this study, in order to prepare fire hazard maps, the required layers were produced based on fire data in Golestan forests and MODIS sensor data. At first, the natural fire data was divided into two categories of training and test samples randomly. Then, the vegetation moisture stresses and greenness were considered using six indexes of NDVI, MSI, WDVI, OSAVI, GVMI and NDWI in natural fire area of training category on the day before fire occurrence and a long period of 15 years, and the risk threshold of the parameters was considered in addition to selecting the best spectral index of vegetation. Finally, the model output was validated for fire occurrences of the test category. The results showed the possibility of prediction of fire site before occurrence of fire with more than 80 percent accuracy.
Advances in flash flood research based on dendrogeomorpholog
Authors: Qie Jiazhi , Qie Yong
Published: September 2021

Flash flood is one of the major natural hazards in China. It seriously threatens the lives of people and property in mountainous areas. Various methods have been developed for flash flood study, but most of them focused on the past few decades. As one of the effective methods of historical flash flood events reconstruction, dendrogeomorphology has been used worldwide. It can provide hazard information with long temporal scale and high temporal resolution, sometimes at the seasonal level. By comparing tree ring width and other growth characteristics between disturbed and undisturbed trees, growth disturbance signals can be found in the disturbed trees. Using the growth disturbance in tree rings, flash flood events can be dated, and then the frequency, size, and spatial distribution characteristics of flash floods that have no or little documentary records can be reconstructed. The discharge of flash flood can be reconstructed quantitatively according to the height of scars or by using hydraulic models. With the development of dendrogeomorphology, research tends to probe into the meteorological driving mechanism of flash floods and the pattern of flash floods on a larger spatial scale. In the practical application of dendrogeomorphology, more instrumental data and historical records are applied in the studies. This makes the method increasingly more widely used around the world. But work based on dendrogeomorphology has not been reported in China. In this article, we reviewed the development of the study on flash floods based on tree ring, briefly summarized the research progress, and discussed the advantages, limitations, and potential of this approach, so as to provide some reference information for relevant work in China.
Research progress and prospect of coastal flood disaster risk assessment against global climate change
Authors: Fang Jiayi , Shi Peijun
Published: September 2021

The sea level rise under global climate change and coastal floods caused by extreme sea levels due to the high tide levels and storm surges have huge impacts on coastal society, economy, and natural environment. It has drawn great attention from global scientific researchers. This study examines the definitions and elements of coastal flooding in the general and narrow senses, and mainly focuses on the components of coastal flooding in the narrow sense. Based on the natural disaster system theory, the review systematically summarizes the progress of coastal flood research in China, and then discusses existing problems in present studies and provide future research directions with regard to this issue. It is proposed that future studies need to strengthen research on adapting to climate change in coastal areas, including studies on the risk of multi- hazards and uncertainties of hazard impacts under climate change, risk assessment of key exposure (critical infrastructure) in coastal hotspots, and cost-benefit analysis of adaptation and mitigation measures in coastal areas. Efforts to improve the resilience of coastal areas under climate change should be given more attention. The research community also should establish the mechanism of data sharing among disciplines to meet the needs of future risk assessments, so that coastal issues can be more comprehensively, systematically, and dynamically studied.
Analysis of shoreline changes along the coast of Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Jayakumar K.
Published: September 2021

Shore line change is considered as one of the most dynamic processes, which were mapped along the coast of Tiruvallur district by using topographic maps of 1976 and multi-temporal satellite images. The satellite images pertaining to 1988, 1991, 2006, 2010, 2013 and 2016 were used to extract the shorelines. It is important to map and monitor the HTL (High Tide Line) at frequent time intervals as the shoreline was demarcated by using visual interpretation technique from satellite images and topographic maps. Followed by this, an overlay analysis was performed to calculate areas of erosion and accretion in the study area. The results revealed that the coast of Tiruvallur district lost 603 ha and gained 630 ha due to erosion and accretion respectively. It was confirmed after the ground truth survey carried out in the study area. The high accretion of 178 ha was found nearby Pulicat Lake and low accretion of 19 ha was seen between Pulicat Lake and Kattupali Port. The high erosion area was found along the Pulicat Lake, Kattupali and Ennore ports, and Ennore creek mouth and southern Ennore such as Periya Kuppam, Chinna Kuppam, Kasi Koil Kuppam, and Thyagarajapuram. It may be concluded that the coastal erosion and accretion in the study area were mainly caused by anthropogenic and natural factors, which altered the coastal environment.
Crosstalks Among Cancer Stem Cells and Histopathologic Features in Determining Prognosis in Canine Mammary Gland Carcinomas
Authors: Marzban Havva , Chamani Gelareh , Khaki Fariba , Amini Parnian , Pedram Nastaran , Asghari Zeinab , Boroomand Mohammadreza , Moradi Samira , Yahyaei Artimes , Hossein Boroujerdi Mersedeh Sadat , Valinezhad Kamyab
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the present work was the evaluation of the prognostic potential of histopathologic features, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and epthelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in relation to lymph node status and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in canine mammary gland carcinomas (CMGCs). CSCs are proposed as the main cause of tumorigenesis, therapy failure, and recurrence which form a small fraction of tumor bulk. We evaluated presence of micropapillary growth pattern (MGP), infiltration into surrounding tissues (IST), and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in H&E stained slides of 26 paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Lymph nodes of all cases were assessed. Additionally, they were examined immunohistochemically in terms of vimentin expression as an indicator of EMT which is a well-known mechanism for metastasis, and CD44, CD24, and ALDH1 for CSCs detection. Data analyses showed significant relationships between MGP and CSCs (P = 0.037), VM and CSCs (P = 0.013), lymph node status and CSCs (P = 0.0001), lymph node status and EMT (P = 0.003), IST and LVI (P = 0.05), VM and LVI (P = 0.01), VM and lymph node status (P = 0.007), and LVI and lymph node status (P = 0.04). Results indicated the prognostic value of MGP, VM, and CSCs with respect to confirmed prognostic markers, including LVI and lymph node involvement, in CMGCs.
Intussusception Associated with Sand Accumulation in a Greater Rhea (Rhea americana)
Authors: Batista Jael Soares , de Oliveira Moacir Franco , Teófilo Tiago Da Silva , De Sousa Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano , Santos Wanderson Lucas Alves Dos , Lopes Igor Renno Guimarães , Gadelha Ana Indira Bezerra Barros , Tertulino Moisés Dantas , de Oliveira Gurgel João Vitor , de Oliveira Radan Elvis Matias
Published: September 2021

Pathoanatomical studies of diseases that affect wild animals are extremely important as appropriate measures can then be taken for the prevention and control of such diseases. We report here the case of death of a greater rhea (Rhea americana) by intestinal intussusception secondary to the ingestion of a large amount of sand. The animal was bred at the Center for Multiplication of Wild Animals of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid. The animal died after presenting clinical signs of apathy, weakness, prostration, and inability to move, drink water, or eat. After death, the carcass was immediately sent for necropsy. During necropsy, intussusception was found involving the jejunum, ileum, and colon. The duodenum contained large amounts of coarse sand. The invaginated intestinal segments were reddish in color, with necrotic spots, and covered by a fibrinous exudate. Histopathological examination of the invaginated segments showed necrosis of the enterocytes, detachment of the intestinal epithelium, and the presence of inflammatory cells. The ingestion of a large amount of sand may have resulted in altered intestinal transit, contributing to the occurrence of intussusception, which resulted in ischemic alterations, intestinal necrosis, and consequent death of the animal.
Class term as a part of the proper name or as an appellative identification of the onymic object and the consequences of its understanding on capitalization
Authors: Valentová Iveta
Published: September 2021

According to the principles of standardization of anoikonyms (minor place-names) and following the rules of Slovak orthography, the appellative expressing the type of a certain object is written with a small initial letter if it is not part of the name and stands before the name. This rule generally applies to all proper names. However, in some cases this appellative is understood as part of the name and it therefore tends to be written also with a capital initial letter. The paper deals with explanation of differences between the appellative member, the appellative component of a proper name, which is part of a proper name, and the information about a proper name in the form of an appellative, which is part of the onymic content of a proper name, but which is not part of a proper name. The author explains this problem on the basis of V. Blanár’s theory, which is based on the content understanding (designation) of proper names and on the interrelatedness of linguistic and onomastic status of the proper name and on the using of proper names in communication. In Czech onomastics, R. Šrámek holds similar theoretical bases.
Dynamics of coexistence of Slavic, Hungarian and German oikonyms of the Žitný ostrov area
Authors: Hladký Juraj
Published: September 2021

Today, Žitný ostrov is a bilingual Slovak-Hungarian territory along the river Danube and the Little Danube, and since the 10th century it has been formed as a multi-ethnic space. The recently completed diachronic research on hydronymy in this area has created the conditions for a more comprehensive study of the dynamics of ethnic relations in the oikonymy of the region. The article presents an analysis of medieval oikonyms, documented from the beginning of the 12th century. It brings a linguistic reconstruction of originally Slavic names, adopted and adapted by the Hungarian and occasionally also by the German ethnic population, and an analysis of original Hungarian and German oikonyms. The presented results specify i) the knowledge of the development of demographics of the area, ii) the extent of foreign ethnic interventions in the onymic system, iii) ethnic and interlingual relations, iv) the mode of interlingual adaptation of older oikonyms (Slovak – Hungarian, Slovak – German, Hungarian – German, German – Slovak, and finally Hungarian – Slovak), and v) the extent and forms of coexistence of Slovak, Hungarian and German oikonyms in the Middle Ages with an overlap to the present.
A Darwinian view of Behçet's disease
Authors: Smith Rhodri , Moots Robert J. , Murad Mariam , Wallace Graham R.
Published: September 2021

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by oral and genital ulceration, with other complications including eye, skin, joint, and central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, which may differ between patients. There is a strong genetic basis for BD; however, only a few genes have been associated with the disease across the geographical spread of BD. In this article, we discuss the history and combination of genes involved in this complex disease in relation to the geographical range and present our view that the disease has developed from a Darwinian perspective, with different gene polymorphisms that affect the same biological pathway. Moreover, these mutations individually are protective mechanisms against the disease relevant to each region, which affected both archaic and modern humans.
Relapsing polychondritis presenting 2 years after systemic sclerosis with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Su Li , Zhang Na , Wang Hui , Yang Zhenwen , Wei Wei
Published: September 2021

Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is a systemic immune-mediated disease characterized by recurrent and progressive inflammation of cartilaginous tissues. 64% of RPC patients concurrent with other autoimmune disorders, there are very few reports about the concomitant RPC patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Herein we report a case of RPC in a 50-year-old female following SSc with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) 2 years ago. She was treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, oral endothelin-A receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Her ocular and auricular symptoms disappeared quickly. The hemodynamic parameters were also significantly improved after treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first RPC complicated with SSc-PAH reported.
National and cultural identity crisis of Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbs within Austro-Hungarian Empire (1878–1908)
Authors: Šarac Z. , Voevoda E. V.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to reveal the causes of national and cultural identity crisis of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the period of Austro-Hungarian occupation and annexation, which led to modifications of their self-identity. The paper meets this research aim through an extensive study of the relevant literature presenting the views of Serbian and Russian scholars. On the basis of comparative-historical and socio-cultural approaches, the authors collate the existing definitions of ethnic, national and cultural identity and define the crucial factors that make the cornerstone of cultural identity: mother tongue, ethnicity, territory, religion, habitat, food, mode of life, customs and traditions, folklore and literature, artwork and historical past. They go on to chronologically identify the developments and changes of society on the territory of the present-day Bosnian state. The article further analyzes the position of the peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina within Austria-Hungary comparing their status in society and explains the choice of Bosnian Muslims and Croats as the pillar of the new government. The research produced a number of key findings. The key determinants that formed and helped to preserve Serbian cultural identity through ages are Orthodox Christianity based on St. Sava sacred tradition and the Kosovo myth, a half-historical, halflegendary event that formed the heroic and spiritual code of values and serves as a gospel in preserving Serbian cultural identity. Another feature that produced a significant impact on transforming cultural identity of Bosnian Serbs was conversion to Islam on part of some Bosnians who came to be known as Bošnjaks. Along with Islam and Orthodox Christianity, part of the Serbian population of Bosnia and Herzegovina belonged to the Roman Catholic Church, identified themselves as Croats who spoke Croatian and used Latin script. Thus the indigenous south Slavonic ethnic group of Serbs who had the same historical background and spoke the same language was divided by religion and, partially, the language — the pivotal determinants of identity. The paper demonstrates the joint efforts of the peoples inhabiting the present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina in their struggle against the occupants which were manifested in the activities of Young Bosnia, an organization that aimed at preserving national identity and creating a united Serbian state. The authors conclude that the problem of national and cultural identity crisis of Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbs finds its roots in the historical clash of three civilizations and cultures — south Slavonic, oriental and western. The article identifies the markers of national and cultural identity of Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbs, the disintegration of which led to a crisis.