bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial properties and regenerative potential of Sr2+ and Ce3+ doped fluorapatites; a potential solution for peri-implantitis
Authors: Anastasiou A. D. , Nerantzaki M. , Gounari E. , Duggal M. S. , Giannoudis P. V. , Jha A. , Bikiaris D.
Published: October 2019

Scaffolds and implants in orthopaedics and regenerative dentistry usually fail because of bacterial infections. A promising solution would be the development of biomaterials with both significant regenerative potential and enhanced antibacterial activity. Working towards this direction, fluorapatite was synthesised and doped with Sr2+ and Ce3+ ions in order to tailor its properties. After experiments with four common bacteria (i.e. E. Coli, S. Aureus, B. Subtilis, B. Cereus), it was found that the undoped and the Ce3+ doped fluorapatites present better antibacterial response than the Sr2+ doped material. The synthesised minerals were incorporated into chitosan scaffolds and tested with Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) to check their regenerative potential. As was expected, the scaffolds containing Sr2+-doped fluorapatite, presented high osteoconductivity leading to the differentiation of the DPSCs into osteoblasts. Similar results were obtained for the Ce3+-doped material, since both the concentration of osteocalcin and the RUNX2 gene expression were considerably higher than that for the un-doped mineral. Overall, it was shown that doping with Ce3+ retains the good antibacterial profile of fluorapatite and enhances its regenerative potential, which makes it a promising option for dealing with conditions where healing of hard tissues is compromised by bacterial contamination.
Development of a novel LED color-switching type biosensor system for the visualization of fish stress responses
Authors: Wu Haiyun , Shinoda Ryosuke , Murata Masataka , Matsumoto Haruto , Ohnuki Hitoshi , Endo Hideaki
Published: October 2019

A stress visualization system was developed that can make a natural judgment of fish stress responses by visual observation on three different levels (green, yellow, red) depends on the concentration of glucose (stress indicator).
A PANI supported lipid bilayer that contains NhaA transporter proteins provides a basis for a biomimetic biocapacitor
Authors: Ben Tahar Awatef , Zebda Abdelkader , Alcaraz Jean-Pierre , Gayet Landry , Boualam Abderrahim , Cinquin Philippe , Martin Donald K.
Published: October 2019

This biomimetic membrane system of Na+/H+transport proteins in a lipid bilayer supported by polyanaline has controllable electrogenic ion transport to function as a high-speed rechargeable biocapacitor for use in bioinspired biological engineering.
Self-assembled naphthalimide derivatives as an efficient and low-cost electron extraction layer for n-i-p perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Lingchang , Wu Yongzhen , Li Erpeng , Shen Chao , Zhang Hao , Xu Xiaojia , Wu Gao , Cai Molang , Zhu Wei-Hong
Published: October 2019

We demonstrate self-assembled naphthalimide derivatives as an efficient electron extraction contact for n-i-p structured perovskite solar cells.
Target-triggered, self-powered DNAzyme–MnO2 nanosystem: towards imaging microRNAs in living cells
Authors: Cui Mei-Rong , Li Xiang-Ling , Xu Jing-Juan , Chen Hong-Yuan
Published: October 2019

We constructed a versatile self-powered DNAzyme–MnO2 nanosystem for intracellular signal amplification and sensitive imaging of miRNAs in living cells.
Assembly of branched ubiquitin oligomers by click chemistry
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas
Published: October 2019

Ubiquitin monomers functionalized with an azide or multiple alkynes were utilized for the assembly of branched ubiquitin oligomers that exhibit stability in eukaryotic cell lysates.
A biocomputing platform with electrochemical and fluorescent signal outputs based on multi-sensitive copolymer film electrodes with entrapped Au nanoclusters and tetraphenylethene and electrocatalysis of NADH
Authors: Liang Jiying , Wei Wenting , Yao Huiqin , Shi Keren , Liu Hongyun
Published: October 2019

A compatible biocomputing platform was established by using pH, Na2SO4, ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (FDA) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as inputs and the signals of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and fluorescence (FL) as outputs.
The 12-ethynylmonocarba-closo-dodecaborate anion as a versatile ligand for Cu(i) alkyne and heterobimetallic Cu(i)/M(ii) (M = Pd, Pt) alkynide complexes
Authors: Jiang Tao , Zhang Kang , Shen Yunjun , Hamdaoui Mustapha , Dontha Rakesh , Liu Jiyong , Spingler Bernhard , Duttwyler Simon
Published: October 2019

The anionic 12-ethynyl-monocarba-closo-dodecaborate cluster is employed as a ligand for the preparation of Cu(i) and heterobimetallic Cu(i)/Pd(ii) or Cu(i)/Pt(ii) complexes.
Exploring and predicting intermolecular binding preferences in crystalline Cu(ii) coordination complexes
Authors: Kodrin Ivan , Borovina Mladen , Šmital Luka , Valdés-Martínez Jesús , Aakeröy Christer B. , Đaković Marijana
Published: October 2019

Molecular electrostatic potential values (MEP) at competing hydrogen-bond acceptor sites provided guidelines for predicting supramolecular connectivity in a set of Cu(ii) acac-based complexes.
Constrained geometry scandium permethylindenyl complexes for the ring-opening polymerisation of l- and rac-lactide
Authors: Diteepeng Nichabhat , Buffet Jean-Charles , Turner Zoë R. , O'Hare Dermot
Published: October 2019

The synthesis, characterisation and polymerisation behaviour of constrained geometry scandium permethylindenyl chloride, aryloxide and borohydride complexes are reported.
Efflorescence on calcareous objects in museums: crystallisation, phase characterisation and crystal structures of calcium acetate formate phases
Authors: Bette Sebastian , Müller Michael X. , Eggert Gerhard , Schleid Thomas , Dinnebier Robert E.
Published: October 2019

By congruent crystallisation from aqueous solution the efflorescence phase Ca(CH3COO)(HCOO)·H2O found on calcareous heritage objects and the hitherto unknown Ca3(CH3COO)4(HCOO)2·4H2O were obtained, characterised and their crystal structures solved.
Proposition of electronic waste as a reference material – part 1: sample preparation, characterization and chemometric evaluation
Authors: Andrade Daniel Fernandes , Machado Raquel Cardoso , Bacchi Márcio Arruda , Pereira-Filho Edenir Rodrigues
Published: October 2019

In this study, a reference material (RM) for inorganic constituents in PCB samples was prepared and leaching procedure for its characterization was developed.
Automated microchannel alignment using innate opto-signature for microchip electrophoresis
Authors: Scott Anchi , Mills Daniel , Birch Christopher , Panesar Satvinder , Li Jingyi , Nelson Daniel , Starteva Margarita , Khim Albert , Root Brian , Landers James P.
Published: October 2019

An automated alignment method was optimized for maximizing laser-induced fluorescence detection in a total DNA analysis system, using innate opto-signatures from microchannel features.
Paper-based passive pumps to generate controllable whole blood flow through microfluidic devices
Authors: Sotoudegan Mohamad S. , Mohd Omar , Ligler Frances S. , Walker Glenn M.
Published: October 2019

Grooved paper pumps provide controllable flow of complex biofluids within microfluidic devices.
Hypothesis: entaticversusecstatic states in metalloproteins
Authors: Hagen Wilfred R.
Published: October 2019

Biological metal sites are optimized for function by conformational properties of the protein macroligand.
In situ scattering of single gold nanorod coupling with monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Hu Aiqin , Zhang Weidong , Liu Shuai , Wen Te , Zhao Jingyi , Gong Qihuang , Ye Yu , Lu Guowei
Published: October 2019

The plasmonic resonance mode of a gold nanorod redshifts, narrows, and amplifies after coupling with monolayer 2D materials.
In-plane optical anisotropy in ReS2 flakes determined by angle-resolved polarized optical contrast spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Ying Ying , Zhou Jia Dong , Jiang Jie , Yin Ting Ting , Yin Zhi Xiong , Liu Zheng , Shen Ze Xiang
Published: October 2019

The quantitative understanding of birefringence and dichroism in ReS2 flakes can be obtained from angle-resolved polarized optical contrast spectroscopy.
Enzymatic syntheses of novel carbocyclic scaffolds with a 6,5 + 5,5 ring system by squalene-hopene cyclase
Authors: Nakano Chiaki , Watanabe Takumi , Minamino Mai , Hoshino Tsutomu
Published: October 2019

A novel scaffold with a 6,5 + 5, 5 ring system (allodammarane) was synthesized from 27-norsqualene (13a), 3R-(18) and 3S-27-noroxidosqualenes (19).
Effect of the molecular weight distribution of the hydrophobic block on the formation of inverse cubic mesophases of block copolymers with a discrete branched hydrophilic block
Authors: Ha Sungmin , Kim Kyoung Taek
Published: October 2019

The molecular weight distribution of the hydrophobic block of block copolymers directly influences their self-assembled structures in solution.
Correction: Controllable synthesis and enhanced gas sensing properties of a single-crystalline WO3–rGO porous nanocomposite
Authors: Qin Hao , Liu Tie , Liu Jingyuan , Liu Qi , Jing Xiaoyan , Zhang Hongquan , Huang Guoqing , Wang Jun
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘Controllable synthesis and enhanced gas sensing properties of a single-crystalline WO3–rGO porous nanocomposite’ by Qin Hao et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 14192–14199.
Automatic detection of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia based on extending the multifractal features
Authors: Abbasi Mohamadreza , Kermani Saeed , Tajebib Ardeshir , Moradi Amin Morteza , Abbasi Manije
Published: October 2019

The main purpose of this study is to introduce a new species of features to improve the diagnosis efficiency of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia from microscopic images. First, the authors segmented nuclei by the k‐means and watershed algorithms. They extracted three sets of geometrical, statistical, and chaotic features from nuclei images. Six chaotic features were extracted by calculating the fractal dimension from five sub‐images driven from the nuclei images, with their grey levels being modified. The authors classified the images into binary and multiclass types via the support vector machine algorithm. They conducted principal component analysis for dimensional reduction of feature space and then evaluated the proposed algorithm for the overfitting problem. The obtained overall results represent 99% accuracy, 99% specificity, and 97% sensitivity values in the classification of six‐cell groups. The difference between the train and test errors was <3%, which proves that the classification performance had improved by using the multifractal features.
Integrated system for automatic detection of representative video frames in wireless capsule endoscopy using adaptive sliding window singular value decomposition
Authors: Biniaz Abbas , Abdolali Fatemeh , Zoroofi Reza Aghaeizadeh
Published: October 2019

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a non‐invasive diagnosis method that allows recording a video as the capsule travels through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The practical drawback is producing a long clinical video in which the review process by an experienced specialist is tedious. Automated summarisation methods can reduce the evaluation time by experts as well as errors in manual interpretation. The proposed approach consists of three main steps as follows: First, an adaptive sliding window singular value decomposition is employed to extract representative video frames. Then, adaptive contrast diffusion is utilised to increase the visibility of WCE frames. At the end stage, a novel knowledge‐based method is developed to segment video frames into four topographic zones of GI tract, which are oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The authors have evaluated the proposed framework in the presence of 30 local datasets as well as publicly available KID database. The average recall and precision were estimated by 0.86 and 0.83, and by 0.82 and 0.83 for KID database, respectively. Their results reveal that significant reduction in the review time is feasible using the proposed technique. Quantitative results of summarisation show that the proposed method is more effective than three methods in the literature.
Accretion disc by Roche lobe overflow in the supergiant fast X-ray transient IGR J08408−4503
Authors: Ducci L. , Romano P. , Ji L. , Santangelo A.
Published: October 2019

Supergiant fast X-ray transients (SFXTs) are X-ray binary systems with a supergiant companion and likely a neutron star, which show a fast (∼103 s) and high variability with a dynamic range up to 105−6. Given their extreme properties, they are considered among the most valuable laboratories to test accretion models. Recently, the orbital parameters of a member of this class, IGR J08408−4503, were obtained from optical observations. We used this information, together with X-ray observations from previous publications and new results from X-ray and optical data collected by INTEGRAL and presented in this work, to study the accretion mechanisms at work in IGR J08408−4503. We found that the high eccentricity of the compact object orbit and the large size of the donor star imply Roche lobe overflow (RLO) around the periastron. It is also likely that a fraction of the outer layers of the photosphere of the donor star are lost from the Lagrangian point L2 during the periastron passages. On the basis of these findings, we discuss the flaring variability of IGR J08408−4503 assuming the presence of an accretion disc. We point out that IGR J08408−4503 may not be the only SFXT with an accretion disc fueled by RLO. These findings open a new scenario for accretion mechanisms in SFXTs, since most of them have so far been based on the assumption of spherically symmetric accretion.
Scholtens Idee
Authors: Lang Eva
Published: October 2019

Arzneiprüfungen haben in der Homöopathie einer begrenzten Anzahl von Mitteln zu großer Popularität verholfen, während der größere Teil eher marginal geprüft und verwendet wird. Der Mediziner und Chemiker Jan Scholten entwickelte auf der Grundlage des Periodensystems Gruppen von Mineralien und Salzen mit ähnlichen Eigenschaften, durch die sich die Wirkungen einzelner Mittel ohne Prüfung vorhersagen lassen. In der Praxis sind die Gruppenanalysen Scholtens sehr gut anwendbar und mit der klassischen Repertorisation kompatibel, wie zwei Fallbeispiele zeigen.
Heiß und kalt unterscheiden
Authors: Dunkenberger Thomas
Published: October 2019

Die traditionelle Tibetische Medizin mit ihrer 2500-jährigen Geschichte basiert auf dem Prinzip der fünf Elemente Raum, Luft, Feuer, Wasser und Erde sowie der drei Körperenergien Lung (Wind), Tripa (Galle) und Peken (Schleim). Mithilfe von Techniken wie Puls-, Harn- und Zungendiagnostik werden unter anderem Kälte- und Hitzezustände sowie Ungleichgewichte der Grundenergien ermittelt und mit Ernährungstherapie, Kräuterrezepturen, Moxibustion, weiteren äußeren Anwendungen etc. behandelt. Im Fall Frau A. gehen chronische Schmerzen in oberem Lendenwirbelbereich, Hüfte und Knie durch zielgenaue Ernährungsveränderungen und Therapien nach den Prinzipien der Tibetischen Medizin bis auf ein Minimum zurück.
Translation of the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) into German (MEPS-G)
Authors: Schneider Marco M. , Nietschke Rainer , Burkhart Klaus J. , Hollinger Boris , Marquardt Jonas , Schöttker-Königer Thomas , Morrison Fiona , Zimmerer Alexander , Papen Anna
Published: October 2019

Background The Mayo Elbow Performance Score is a clinical assessment to rate the performance of the elbow from a medical and/or therapeutic perspective. It is simple and efficient to operate and therefore frequently used in research as well as in clinics. However, an adequate translation of the MEPS into the German language and a verification of the quality criteria for the use in the German health system are currently lacking.

Goal of the Study The aim of this study is to translate the MEPS and to review the applicability of the German version (MEPS-G) in Germany.

Materials and Methods The translation was undertaken on the basis of a guideline for cultural adaptation. Two independent translations were created, combined and translated back into English by two native speakers. The back translations were reviewed and the German version was amended accordingly. The suitability of the final questionnaire was verified in a pretest with 73 participants.

Results The MEPS was converted into the German version MEPS-G and was tested. Apart from minor adjustments, the questionnaire was translated into German without difficulty. The time to complete the assessment was on average 2.5 min (± 1.6).

Conclusion First analyses of the psychometric properties of the German MEPS showed identical values as the English version. The detailed quality criteria will be reviewed in a subsequent study.
Wenn die Lebensfreude austrocknet
Authors: Tsokhim Sasha-Tsering
Published: October 2019

Humoralmedizinisch betrachtet wird Melancholia durch ein Übermaß der kalten und trockenen schwarzen Galle verursacht. Schwarze Galle ist dem Element Erde zugeordnet. Liegt ein pathologischer Melancholera-Überschuss vor, kommt es zu psychischen und physischen Beschwerden, so auch im vorliegenden Fall. In der - meist langwierigen - Therapie von Melancholia sind die Pfeiler: Wärme und Feuchte für den Organismus, Reizreduktion und ausreichend Bewegung.
Structured Reporting in Cross-Sectional Imaging of the Heart: Reporting Templates for CMR Imaging of Cardiomyopathies (Myocarditis, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Siderosis)
Authors: Bunck Alexander Christian , Baeßler Bettina , Ritter Christian , Kröger Jan Robert , Persigehl Thorsten , Pinto Santos Daniel , Steinmetz Michael , Niehaus Adelheid , Bamberg Fabian , Beer Meinrad , Ley Sebastian , Tiemann Klaus , Beerbaum Philipp , Maintz David , Lotz Joachim
Published: October 2019

Backround Structured reports have numerous benefits through standardizing the way imaging findings are reported and communicated. Nevertheless, the adoption of structured reports in everyday radiological practice is still limited. In view of the irrefutable benefits, various national and international radiological societies have started initiatives which aim at promoting a broader use of structured reports. Up to now, no consented templates in German language existed for the reporting of cross-sectional imaging studies of the heart.

Method Upon invitation of the working group for Cardiovascular Imaging of the German Society of Radiology a panel of radiologists, cardiologists, pediatric cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons, experts on the field of cardiovascular imaging and structured reporting, met for two interdisciplinary consensus meetings at the University Hospital Cologne in 2018. The aim of these meetings was to develop and agree on templates for the reporting of MR and CT studies of various cardiovascular disease entities.

Results During the meetings the panel of experts developed and reached consensus on 11 different templates for the structured reporting of the following: myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic (obstructive) cardiomyopathy, arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, siderosis, ischemia and vitality imaging, tetralogy of Fallot, aortic coarctation, coronary CT and CT for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) planning. The first five templates are presented in this publication and are currently being transferred to a HTML 5/IHR MRRT compatible format. Subsequently, the templates will be made available for free use on the website www.befundung.drg.de.

Conclusion For the first time, consented templates in German language for the structured reporting of cross-sectional imaging studies of the heart are presented. These templates are aimed at providing a constant level of high reporting quality and increasing the efficiency of the generation and communication of imaging reports.

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Citation Format
Grund und Boden des Lebens
Authors: Elvira Bierbach
Published: October 2019

Der Boden, das belebte Erdreich, ist nicht nur der Grund auf dem wir stehen - sondern die Basis unseres irdischen Lebens.
Zur Situation der angestellten Ärztinnen und Ärzte im ambulanten Sektor in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie
Authors: Dräger Sebastian , Gibis Bernhard , Jacob Rüdiger , Kopp Johannes , Trebar Branko
Published: October 2019

Zielsetzung Über die aktuell immer größer werdende Gruppe angestellter Ärztinnen und Ärzte im ambulanten Sektor liegen derzeit nur wenige gesicherte Befunde vor. Daher sollen hier einige Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten quantitativen Befragung von Personen dieser Berufsgruppe dargestellt und diskutiert werden.

Methode Bei der Studie handelt es sich um eine standardisierte quantitative Befragung von angestellten Ärztinnen und Ärzten im ambulanten Sektor. Da die angestrebte Grundgesamtheit eine disproportional geschichtete Stichprobe aus den Datenbanken der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen der Bundesländer darstellte und insgesamt 10 580 Ärztinnen und Ärzte angeschrieben wurden, beträgt die Responsequote 21,8%. Das Stichprobendesign erlaubt es nicht nur deskriptive Analysen für kleine Subpopulationen durchzuführen, sondern auch regionale Disparitäten in den Blick zu nehmen.

Ergebnisse Es lässt sich zeigen, dass es sich v. a. um junge Ärztinnen handelt, die eine Anstellung im ambulanten Sektor aufnehmen. 59% der angestellten Ärztinnen und Ärzte arbeiten in Teilzeit, die durchschnittliche Wochenarbeitszeit beträgt 28,9 Stunden. Eine durchschnittliche Praxis beschäftigt insgesamt 4 Ärzte oder Ärztinnen und es werden im Mittel (Median) circa 30 Personen am Tag behandelt.

Schlussfolgerung Ein wichtiger Grund für das stetige Wachstum dieser Berufsgruppe ist womöglich die Flexibilität der Arbeitszeitgestaltung und die Möglichkeit zur Teilzeitarbeit, welche sich wiederum positiv auf die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf auswirken. Nicht zuletzt scheint diese Berufsgruppe auch deshalb überwiegend aus jungen Ärztinnen zu bestehen. Oftmals stellt die Angestelltentätigkeit aber auch ein Übergangsmodell hin zu einer Niederlassung oder – für ehemalige Praxisinhaber – in den Ruhestand dar. Generell scheint die Angestelltentätigkeit in der Ambulanten Versorgung allerdings für viele das angestrebte „Normalarbeitsmodell“ zu sein.
Vielleicht nicht retten, aber helfen!
Authors: Cicekten Alphan
Published: October 2019

Ein Verein von Heilpraktikern setzt sich für die kostenfreie naturheilkundliche Behandlung von Menschen in Armut und Not ein.
Validation of Semantic Analyses of Unstructured Medical Data for Research Purposes
Authors: Pokora Roman Michael , Le Cornet Lucian , Daumke Philipp , Mildenberger Peter , Zeeb Hajo , Blettner Maria
Published: October 2019

Background In secondary data there are often unstructured free texts. The aim of this study was to validate a text mining system to extract unstructured medical data for research purposes.

Methods From a radiological department, 1,000 out of 7,102 CT findings were randomly selected. These were manually divided into defined groups by 2 physicians. For automated tagging and reporting, the text analysis software Averbis Extraction Platform (AEP) was used. Special features of the system are a morphological analysis for the decomposition of compound words as well as the recognition of noun phrases, abbreviations and negated statements. Based on the extracted standardized keywords, findings reports were assigned to the given findings groups using machine learning methods. To assess the reliability and validity of the automated process, the automated and two independent manual mappings were compared for matches in multiple runs.

Results Manual classification was too time-consuming. In the case of automated keywording, the classification according to ICD-10 turned out to be unsuitable for our data. It also showed that the keyword search does not deliver reliable results. Computer-aided text mining and machine learning resulted in reliable results. The inter-rater reliability of the two manual classifications, as well as the machine and manual classification was very high. Both manual classifications were consistent in 93% of all findings. The kappa coefficient is 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–0.92]. The automatic classification agreed with the independent, second manual classification in 86% of all findings (Kappa coefficient 0.79 [95% CI 0.75–0.81]).

Discussion The classification of the software AEP was very good. In our study, however, it followed a systematic pattern. Most misclassifications were found in findings that indicate an increased risk of cancer. The free-text structure of the findings raises concerns about the feasibility of a purely automated analysis. The combination of human intellect and intelligent, adaptive software appears most suitable for mining unstructured but important textual information for research.
Nucleophilic Addition of 1,1′-Bis(hydroxymethyl)ferrocene to Alkynes: Synthesis of Ferrocene Diethenyl Ethers
Authors: Oparina Ludmila A. , Kolyvanov Nikita A. , Tarasova Olga A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Tantsyrev Anatolii P. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: October 2019

Chemoselective and atom-economical methods for the synthesis of ferrocene diethenyl ethers have been developed via direct base-catalyzed addition of 1,1′-bis(hydroxymethyl)ferrocene to various acetylenes. This ferrocene diol has been shown to be capable of adding to acetylene (KOH/DMSO, 70–80 °C, 1–3 h), propyne (KOH/DMSO, 70 °C, 12 h), phenylethyne (KOH/DMSO, 20–25 °C, 48 h), alkylpropiolates (DABCO, 10 mol%/CH2Cl2, 20–25 °C, 0.5 h), and acylacetylenes (DABCO, 1 mol%/CH2Cl2, 20–25 °C, 0.5 h) to afford the corresponding diethenyl ethers in 73–98% yields.
Synthesis of (Z)-Cinnamate Derivatives via Visible-Light-Driven E-to-Z Isomerization
Authors: Shu Penghua , Xu Haichang , Zhang Lingxiang , Li Junping , Liu Hao , Luo Yuehui , Yang Xue , Ju Zhiyu , Xu Zhihong
Published: October 2019

(Z)-Cinnamate derivatives are prevalent in natural bioactive products and in organic synthesis. Herein, we report a practical approach toward the efficient synthesis of (Z)-cinnamate derivatives via visible-light-driven isomerization. When E-isomers of cinnamate derivatives were irradiated with blue light in the presence of 1 mol% Ir2(ppy)4Cl2 (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine), Z-isomers were readily obtained in good yields. This strategy allows the large-scale synthesis of (Z)-cinnamate derivatives with simple purification. This convenient, mild, and green synthetic methodology was subsequently applied to the synthesis of coumarins.
Diethyl Phosphite Promoted Electrochemical Oxidation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines to 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones
Authors: Xie Wenxia , Gong Bowen , Ning Shulin , Liu Nian , Zhang Zhuoqi , Che Xin , Zheng Lianyou , Xiang Jinbao
Published: October 2019

A diethyl phosphite mediated electrochemical oxidation strategy for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones from tetrahydroisoquinolines under mild conditions has been developed. This protocol provides an environmentally friendly and simple way for the construction of C=O bonds in an undivided cell unit.
Diabetes and Auditory-Vestibular Pathology
Authors: Elangovan Saravanan , Spankovich Christopher
Published: October 2019

The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the auditory/vestibular system has been investigated for more than a century. Most population-based investigations of hearing loss in persons with diabetes (PWD) have revealed a slow progressive, bilateral, high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Despite the growing research literature on the pathophysiology of DM-related hearing loss using various animal models and other human studies, knowledge of specific mechanism of the degenerative changes of the inner ear and/or auditory nerve is far from full elucidation. Recent investigations of the mechanisms underlying the association between hearing loss and DM suggest complex combined contributions of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress resulting in cochlear microangiopathy, and auditory neuropathy. An even lesser understood complication of DM is the effect on the vestibular system. Here we provide an overview of animal and human evidence of pathophysiological changes created by DM and its effects on auditory-vestibular anatomy and function.
Evaluation and Management of Patients with Diabetes and Hearing Loss
Authors: Spankovich Christopher , Yerraguntla Krishna
Published: October 2019

Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for acquired hearing loss and tinnitus. Persons with diabetes (PWD) may present with hearing loss symptoms earlier in life than those without diabetes. Furthermore, diabetes may exacerbate risk for hearing loss related to noise exposure and ototoxic drugs. The purpose of this article is to provide recommendations for the prevention, screening, evaluation, and management of hearing loss in PWD.
Auditory and Vestibular Side Effects of FDA-Approved Drugs for Diabetes
Authors: DiSogra Robert M. , Meece Jerry
Published: October 2019

As of September 10, 2019, there were 75 medications (oral/injectable/inhalants) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for diabetes management: 1 inhalant, 21 oral combinations, 22 injectable, and 31 oral medications (not in combination with any other diabetes drug). This article isolates the auditory and vestibular side effects of those drugs as reported by the drug's manufacturer as well as those side effects that could interfere with a balance assessment. Twenty of the 75 approved medications (26%) could have an auditory-related side effect. Hearing loss and tinnitus are not on the list. Only two, or just 3%, have vertigo and spinning as reported side effects (one each). More than 50% of the drugs will have some effect on a balance assessment. Audiologists who evaluate a patient with diabetes (PWD) are presented with symptoms that could be related to their diabetes medication. Although the manufacturer might report a side effect as rare or as a percentage from their clinical trials subjects, not all PWD will experience these adverse events. Auditory and vestibular side effects do not dominate the diabetes drug side effect list, but, rather, the most reported side effects could impact a balance assessment. The lists that appear in Appendices A and B should serve as a guide for all professionals involved in managing the PWD (i.e., audiologists, otolaryngologists, diabetes educators, pharmacists, optometrists, dentists, etc.). The list also serves as a counseling tool if a communication problem emerges during the progression of the diabetes.
Eating Epilepsy: Pathophysiologic Models, Electroclinical Phenotypes, and Outcome
Authors: Iodice Alessandro
Published: October 2019

Eating epilepsy (EE) is a rare form of reflex epilepsy precipitated by food. Ictal semiology may vary depending on the etiology, age at onset, and cerebral areas involved in the epileptogenic network. In childhood, EE could manifest as tonic head drop seizures, generalized seizures, or late-onset epileptic spasms. However, in teenagers or adults, seizures are often preceded by aura and commonly manifest as focal seizures with or without impaired awareness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities are seen in less than half of the reported cases. Posterior or multifocal interictal discharges can be seen in patients with EE. No randomized data about treatment are available. Structural epilepsies or coexistent unprovoked seizures other than eating seizures are poor prognostic factors for pharmacological outcome.
Effect of Pregabalin on Perioperative Headache in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Lionel Karen Ruby , Sethuraman Manikandan , Abraham Mathew , Vimala Smita , Prathapadas Unnikrishnan , Hrishi Ajay Prasad
Published: October 2019

Background Patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) experience excruciating headache that is difficult to manage in resource-constrained settings. Pregabalin’s (β-isobutyl-GABA) analgesic, antiepileptic, and antiemetic properties make it an attractive adjuvant in pain management for these patients.

Methods We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial on 40 aSAH patients undergoing aneurysmal clipping to assess the effect of perioperative pregabalin in decreasing perioperative headache, anesthetic, and opioid requirement. Patients received either pregabalin (75 mg) or placebo twice daily soon after admission till 24-hour postoperative, in addition to paracetamol 650 mg thrice daily. Headache assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) at five time points was compared using a mixed effects regression model.

Results Pain assessed by VAS declined significantly more from the baseline in pregabalin recipients compared with placebo at preinduction (–3.6 vs.–1.8; p = 0.004), 12-hour (4.3 vs. 2.8; p = 0.014), and 24-hour postsurgery (4.7 vs. 2.9; p = 0.007), but not at the 6-hour postoperation (4.9 vs. 3.8; p = 0.065). Pregabalin recipients required a lower minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane to maintain a prespecified bispectral index of 40 and 60 (0.8 vs. 0.9; p = 0.014) and required fewer rescue analgesic doses in the 24  hours following surgery (1.8 vs. 3.3; p = 0.005). The intraoperative fentanyl requirement was not significantly different between the groups (10 μg/kg vs. 11.4 μg/kg; p = 0.065). There was no significant difference in the sedation scores.

Conclusions Pregabalin 75 mg administered twice daily, during the perioperative period, was an effective adjunct in the management of the severe headache experienced by patients with aSAH and decreased the opioid and anesthetic requirement without significantly increasing sedation.
Encondromas da mão: Uma experiência de 20 anos
Authors: Sollaci Claudio , Araújo Gabriel Costa Serrão de
Published: October 2019

Objetivo Os encondromas são os tumores mais comuns dos ossos da mão, com uma grande variedade de abordagens terapêuticas. O presente artigo apresenta as características dos tumores, métodos diagnósticos e tratamentos.

Métodos Discutimos a abordagem da nossa instituição, onde tratamos 48 pacientes com encondromas da mão, entre 1996 e 2016. Nossa técnica de tratamento, que permanece a mesma ao longo de duas décadas, compreende o uso de curetagem, esmeril de velocidade e enxerto ósseo autólogo (retirado com uma técnica minimamente invasiva, usando uma agulha de Craig).

Resultados A dor e as fraturas foram os sintomas mais comuns, levando os pacientes à consulta, nas frequências de 33,3% e 31,3%, respectivamente. Um total de 27,1% dos casos era assintomático, e suas lesões foram descobertas incidentalmente. A média de idade foi de 34,4 anos (desvio padrão [DP] = 12,9 anos). Os tumores foram mais frequentemente encontrados no lado ulnar da mão, no quinto raio (41,5%), e nos ossos proximais (nas falanges proximais [43,8%] e no metacarpo [33,3%]). O tamanho do tumor variou de 0,2 cm2 a 5,7 cm2, com média de 1,7 cm2 (DP = 1,0 cm2) e não foi associado à fratura (p = 0,291). A fratura também não foi associada a nenhum dos sintomas, e nem à idade dos pacientes (p = 0,964). Após o tratamento, a maioria dos pacientes alcançou amplitude completa de movimento (91,7%), com boa integração do enxerto ósseo. Três pacientes apresentaram déficit no arco de movimento (6,3%) e a incidência de complicações também foi de 6,3% (3 pacientes). No final, após as revisões cirúrgicas necessárias, esses três pacientes também recuperaram a função completa. Eles tiveram a integração total do enxerto ósseo, recuperaram toda a amplitude de movimento e retornaram ao trabalho. Não houve nenhum caso de recorrência do tumor durante o período de acompanhamento avaliado. Em nenhum dos casos ocorreram complicações no local doador.

Conclusão O nosso método de tratamento forneceu consistentemente bons resultados, com apenas algumas complicações menores. Nível terapêutico de evidência: IV.
Notfallversorgung: Rettung für die Retter
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: October 2019

Jens Spahn will die Notfallversorgung neu regeln und dabei die Bereiche Krankenhaus-Notaufnahme, vertragsärztliche Versorgung und Rettungsdienst zentral koordinieren. Sein Entwurf hat eine hitzige Debatte ausgelöst – nicht nur über die Frage, wer in den geplanten Notfallzentren das Sagen haben soll.
Demenzsensibles krankenhaus: Unverzichtbar und machbar
Authors: Horneber Markus
Published: October 2019

Rund 1,7 Millionen demenziell veränderte Menschen und circa 300 000 Demenz-Neuerkrankungen – kein fernes Zukunftsszenario, sondern die aktuellen Zahlen der Deutschen Alzheimer Gesellschaft. Grund genug für Krankenhausmanager, ihre Häuser diesen Herausforderungen anzupassen.
IT-Sicherheit IM Krankenhaus: Ohne Cybersicherheit gelingt keine nachhaltige Digitalisierung
Authors: Pohlmann Norbert
Published: October 2019

Krankenhäuser werden auch in der Zukunft eine wichtige Rolle im Gesundheitswesen spielen. Durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung verändern sich die Prozesse und Möglichkeiten für alle Beteiligten in den Krankenhäusern. Dadurch werden immer mehr IT-Sicherheits- und Vertrauensmaßnahmen notwendig, um einen stabilen Betrieb garantieren zu können.
Measuring nanoscale thermal gradients in suspended MoS2 with STEM-EELS
Authors: Shen Lang , Mecklenburg Matthew , Dhall Rohan , Regan B. C. , Cronin Stephen B.
Published: October 2019

Transition metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) may see service in the heart of next-generation nanoelectronic devices, where highly localized power dissipation can produce nontrivial temperature gradients over nanometer-scale distances. Here, we demonstrate that MoS2 is a promising target for plasmon energy expansion thermometry (PEET), a high-spatial resolution temperature mapping technique employed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) equipped with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). We first use a calibrated, commercial MEMS-style TEM sample heater chip to measure the temperature dependence of the MoS2 bulk plasmon. We corroborate the chip's temperature calibration with Raman thermometry and determine the bulk thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of MoS2 in the temperature range of 300–1100 K. Applying this TEC value to PEET measurements on a suspended MoS2 flake, we map 70–90 K/μm temperature gradients with a submicrometer spatial resolution.
Relaxation-based color magnetic particle imaging for viscosity mapping
Authors: Utkur M. , Muslu Y. , Saritas E. U.
Published: October 2019

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) uses superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles as biomedical imaging tracers. The potential applications of MPI have recently been broadened by the introduction of “color” MPI techniques that can distinguish different nanoparticles and/or environments, e.g., by exploiting the relaxation behavior of SPIOs. One of the important applications of color MPI techniques is viscosity mapping. In this work, we show relaxation-based color MPI experiments that can distinguish the biologically relevant viscosity range of up to 5 mPa s. To find the optimal drive field parameters for viscosity, we compare color MPI results at three different frequencies. We show that frequencies around 10 kHz are well-suited for viscosity mapping using the multicore cluster Nanomag-MIP nanoparticles, providing a one-to-one mapping between the estimated relaxation time constant and viscosity.
A relocking scheme for optical phase locking using a digital circuit with an electrical delay line
Authors: Kobayashi Takumi , Akamatsu Daisuke , Hosaska Kazumoto , Yasuda Masami
Published: October 2019

We present a simple scheme that enables us to automatically relock optical phase locking. Our servo system consists of an analog loop filter for the fast feedback control of a high-speed controllable actuator and a digital circuit for the slow control of another actuator with a broad dynamic range. The digital circuit detects an out-of-lock status and relocks the phase locking using a signal generated by an electrical delay line. We demonstrate to relock the phase locking of a fiber-based frequency comb to a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm and that of an external cavity diode laser at 1156 nm to the fiber comb. The relocking scheme is attractive for various applications that employ phase locking and is especially useful for the unattended operation of optical clocks.
Generation of series of electron acoustic solitary wave pulses in plasma
Authors: Kakad Amar , Kakad Bharati
Published: October 2019

One-dimensional fluid simulation is used to investigate the generation of electron-acoustic solitary waves (EASWs) in three-species plasma. We consider an unmagnetized collisionless plasma consisting of cold electrons, hot electrons, and ions. The Gaussian perturbations in the equilibrium electron and ion densities are used to excite the waves in the plasma. This simulation demonstrates the generation of a series of EASW pulses in this three-species plasma through the process of wave breaking. We investigate the behavior of the ponderomotive potential, frequency, and force associated with electrons and ions during the process of the wave breaking. We observed that the ponderomotive potential of the hot electron, which is the driving species for the electron acoustic waves, peaks at the time of wave breaking. The variation of the maximum ponderomotive force acting spatially on the leading and trailing edges of the hump in the cold and hot electron and ion fluid densities shows the maximum imbalance in the magnitude of the ponderomotive force acting on both sides of the hot electron density hump at the time of wave breaking. This reveals that the imbalanced ponderomotive force acting on the hot electron fluid is responsible for the breaking of the electron acoustic wave in plasma. Furthermore, it is observed that the wave breaking process occurs at an earlier time if the hot electron temperature is increased.
Alignment of morphology during high spatial frequency periodic structure formation in GaAs
Authors: Abere Michael J. , Yalisove Steven M. , Torralva Ben
Published: October 2019

The interaction between multiple intense ultrashort laser pulses and solids is known to produce a regular nanoscale surface corrugation. A coupled mechanism has been identified that operates in a specific range of fluences in GaAs that exhibits transient loss of the imaginary part of the dielectric function and Χ2, which produces a unique corrugation known as high spatial frequency laser induced periodic surface structures (HSFL). The final structures have 180 nm periods, and their alignment perpendicular to the laser polarization is first observed in an intermediate morphology with correlation distances of 150 ± 40 nm. Quantum molecular dynamics simulations suggest that HSFL self-assembly is initiated when the intense laser field softens the interatomic binding potential, which leads to an ultrafast generation of point defects. The morphological evolution begins as self-interstitial diffusion, driven by stress relaxation, to the surface producing 1–2 nm tall islands. An ab initio calculation of excited electron concentration combined with a Drude-Lorentz model of the excited GaAs dielectric function is used to determine that the conditions for SPP coupling at HSFL formation fluences are both satisfied and occur at wavelengths that are imprinted into the observed surface morphologies. The evolution of these morphologies is explained as the interplay between surface plasmon polaritons that localize defect generation within the structures present on the previous laser exposure and stress relaxation driven defect diffusion.
Study of exciton-polaron interaction in pentacene field effect transistors using high sensitive photocurrent measurements
Authors: Kesavan Haripriya , Sahoo Subhamoy , Jena Sanjoy , Manda Prashanth Kumar , Baranwal Amogh Kumar , Dutta Soumya , Bhattacharyya Jayeeta , Ray Debdutta
Published: October 2019

Luminescence quenching in the presence of polarons is one of the major challenges in organic light emitting devices. In this work, exciton quenching in the presence of polarons is studied using phase sensitive photocurrent measurements on pentacene field effect transistors. The enhancement of conduction in the organic field effect transistors on light illumination is studied using photocurrent spectral response measurements and corresponding optical simulations. The photocurrent is shown to be governed by the polaron mobility and the exciton quenching efficiency, both of which depend on the polaron density in the channel. Two models are proposed on the exciton dynamics in the presence of gate induced polarons in the transistor channel. The first model simulates the steady-state exciton concentration profile in the presence of exciton-polaron interaction. The second one is a three-dimensional steady state exciton-polaron interaction model, which supports the findings from the first model. It is shown that the excitons quench by transferring its energy to polarons, thereby promoting the latter to high energy states in the density of states manifold. The polarons move in the higher energy states with greater microscopic mobility before thermalizing, thereby leading to an enhancement of conduction. It is observed that for the present system, where charge carrier transport is by hopping, all polarons interact with excitons. This implies that for low mobility systems, the interaction is not limited to deep trapped polarons.
Identification of critical buffer traps in Si δ-doped β-Ga2O3 MESFETs
Authors: McGlone Joe F. , Xia Zhanbo , Joishi Chandan , Lodha Saurabh , Rajan Siddharth , Ringel Steven , Arehart Aaron R.
Published: October 2019

Two buffer traps at EC-0.7 eV and EC-0.8 eV have been individually identified as causing threshold voltage and on-resistance instabilities in β-Ga2O3 Si ∂-doped transistors grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) on semi-insulating Fe doped β-Ga2O3 substrates. The instabilities are characterized using double-pulsed current-voltage and isothermal constant drain current deep level transient spectroscopy. The defect spectra are compared between transistors grown using two different unintentionally doped buffer layer thicknesses of 100 nm and 600 nm. The EC-0.8 eV trap was not seen using the thicker buffer and is shown to correlate with the presence of residual Fe in thePAMBE buffer layer. The EC-0.7 eV trap was unchanged in concentration and is revealed as the dominating source of the threshold voltage instability. This trap is consistent with the characteristics of a previously reported intrinsic point defect [Ingebrigtsen et al., APL Mater. 7, 022510 (2019)]. The EC-0.7 eV trap is responsible for ∼70% of the total threshold voltage shift in the 100 nm thick buffer transistor and 100% in the 600 nm thick buffer transistor, which indicates growth optimization is needed to improve β-Ga2O3 transistor stability.
Experimental investigation of test particle induced micro-structural changes in a finite two-dimensional complex plasma crystal
Authors: Hariprasad M. G. , Bandyopadhyay P. , Arora Garima , Sen A.
Published: October 2019

The microstructural changes induced in a two dimensional complex plasma crystal by the movement of a single extra particle existing below it are investigated experimentally using a DC glow discharge device. The finite monolayer crystal consisting of monodispersive melamine formaldehyde particles is created in the background of an Argon plasma. The crystal formation is frequently found to be accompanied by the presence of one or more slightly heavier particles suspended a little below the monolayer. The interplay of one such test particle with the crystal is investigated for two distinct cases—(i) when the particle remains confined (trapped) in the space below the crystal and (ii) when it interacts for a short while with the crystal and then moves out of the vicinity. The trapped particle orbit induces permanent structural changes in the crystal in the form of microcracks, and these changes are identified using a variety of diagnostic analyses. The cracks can be enhanced by energizing the test particle with an incident laser. The passing particle, on the other hand, induces only transient changes in the crystal from which it is able to recover and return to its initial state in a clear demonstration of the viscoelastic property of a strongly coupled system.