bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Digital Storytelling in Language Education: A Systematic Review Study
Authors: ATEŞ Murat
Published: November 2022

Teknolojide yaşanan gelişmeler multimedya araçlarının eğitim sürecinde kullanılmasını sağlamıştır. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri araçlarının eğitim sürecine dâhil edilmesiyle geleneksel bir eğitim aracı olan öykülerin formatı değişmiş ve yeni bir tür olan dijital öyküler ortaya çıkmıştır. Alanyazın incelendiğinde dijital öykülerin birçok müfredat alanında kullanıldığı ancak araştırmaların bu öykülerin dil eğitiminde kullanımı üzerinde yoğunlaştığı görülmüştür. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, dil eğitiminde dijital öyküleme yöntemini kullanan araştırmaların sistematik bir derlemesini sunmaktır. Alanyazında 2004-2021 yılları arasında yapılmış tez, makale ve proje çalışmaları incelendiğinde, dil eğitiminde dijital öyküleme yönteminin kullanıldığı 96 araştırmaya ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar arasından, deneysel yöntemle yapılmış, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapmanın verildiği 35 araştırma meta analiz ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda dil eğitiminde dijital öykü yönteminin dört temel dil becerisi için kullanıldığı ancak araştırmaların %51’inin anlatma becerisine yönelik olduğu; dil eğitiminde dijital öykü kullanan araştırmaların büyük bir kısmının nicel (%41) ve nitel araştırma (%34) deseninde hazırlandığı; dijital öykü yönteminin bütün dil becerilerinin kazandırılması ve geliştirilmesi süreçlerine olumlu etki sağladığı görülmüştür.
Premiums and Out-of-Pocket Spending for Long-acting Insulins Under the Medicare Part D Senior Savings Model
Authors: Baig Khrysta , Dusetzina Stacie B.
Published: November 2022

This study uses data from January/Q1 2022 Medicare Prescription Drug Plan Formulary files to compare premiums and total spending for users of long-acting insulin who selected prescription drug plans in 2022 and to estimate potential savings for beneficiaries who selected Senior Savings model-participating plans.
Exploration of Residual Confounding in Analyses of Associations of Metformin Use and Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Powell Mike , Clark Callahan , Alyakin Anton , Vogelstein Joshua T. , Hart Brian
Published: November 2022

Importance

Metformin is often used as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes; however, frequent discontinuation with reduced kidney function and increased disease severity indicates that a comparison with any other group (eg, nonusers or insulin users) must address significant residual confounding concerns.

Objectives

To examine the potential for residual confounding in a commonly used observational study design applied to metformin and to propose a more robust study design for future observational studies of metformin.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study with a prevalent user design was conducted using an administrative claims database for Medicare Advantage beneficiaries in the US. Participants were categorized into 2 distinct cohorts: 404 458 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 81 791 individuals with prediabetes. Clinical history was observed in 2018, and end points were observed in 2019. Statistical analyses were conducted between May and December 2021.

Exposures

Prevalent use (recent prescription and history of use on at least 90 of the preceding 365 days) of metformin or insulin but not both at the start of the observation period.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Total inpatient admission days in 2019 and total medical spending (excluding prescription drugs) in 2019. Each of these measures was treated as a binary outcome (0 vs >0 inpatient days and top 10% vs bottom 90% of medical spending).

Results

The study included 404 458 adults with type 2 diabetes (mean [SD] age, 74.5 [7.5] years; 52.7% female). A strong metformin effect estimate was associated with reduced inpatient admissions (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.58-0.62) and reduced medical expenditures (odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.55-0.60). However, implementation of additional robust design features (negative control outcomes and a complementary cohort) revealed that the estimated beneficial effect was attributable to residual confounding associated with individuals’ overall health, not metformin itself.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that common observational study designs for studies of metformin in a type 2 diabetes population are at risk for consequential residual confounding. By performing 2 additional validation checks, the study design proposed here exposes residual confounding that nullifies the initially favorable claim derived from a common study design.
Inherited Cancer Susceptibility Gene Sequence Variations Among Patients With Appendix Cancer
Authors: Holowatyj Andreana N. , Washington Mary K. , Tavtigian Sean V. , Eng Cathy , Horton Carolyn
Published: November 2022

Importance

Germline sequence variations in APC, BMPR1A, CDH1, CHEK2, EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, PMS2, PTEN, SMAD4, STK11, and TP53 genes are associated with susceptibility to gastrointestinal cancers. As a rare cancer, the evaluation of appendiceal cancer (AC) predisposition has been limited.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and spectrum of inherited cancer susceptibility gene sequence variations in patients with AC and the utility of germline genetic testing for this population.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included patients with AC who underwent germline genetic testing of 14 cancer susceptibility genes performed by a clinical testing laboratory between March 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016. Data were analyzed from March to August 2022. Clinical, individual, and family histories were obtained from clinician-completed test requisition forms. Multigene panel testing was performed by targeted custom capture and sequencing and chromosome rearrangement analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were germline sequence variation prevalence and spectrum in patients with AC.

Results

Among the 131 patients with AC in the cohort (90 female [68.7%]), a total of 16 deleterious sequence variations were identified in 15 patients (11.5%). Similarly, when limited to the 74 patients with AC as the first and only primary tumor, a total of 8 patients (10.8%) had at least 1 deleterious sequence variation in a cancer susceptibility gene. Overall, 6 patients (4.6%) had a deleterious sequence variation observed in MUTYH (5 with monoallelic MUTYH and 1 with biallelic MUTYH). All 4 patients with Lynch syndrome (3.1%) had a sequence variation in the MLH1 gene, of whom 3 were aged 50 years or older at AC diagnosis. Five patients (3.8%) had deleterious sequence variations in other cancer predisposition genes (1 with APC [c.3920T>A, p.I1307K], 2 with CHEK2 [c.470T>C, p.I157T], 1 with SMAD4 [c.263 287dup, p.L98IFS*14], and 1 with TP53 [c.524G>A, p.R175H]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, 1 in every 10 patients with AC who underwent testing for hereditary cancer predisposition carried an inherited gene sequence variation associated with cancer susceptibility. Given the high frequency and broad spectrum of germline gene sequence variations, these data suggest that genetic evaluation might be warranted for all patients diagnosed with this rare malignant tumor. A systemic sequencing effort for all patients with AC may also identify cancer vulnerabilities to exploit for therapeutic development in a cancer type for which clinical trials are limited.
Neural adaptive dynamic event‐triggered practical fixed‐time dynamic surface control for non‐strict feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Li Heng , Zhang Tianping
Published: November 2022

In this article, a dynamic surface practical fixed‐time control scheme is proposed based on dynamic event‐triggered mechanism for a class of non‐strict feedback systems. Dynamic surface control (DSC) technology was introduced to solve computational complexity problems. Dynamic triggering technology is implemented to solve the problem of transmitting data burden. Dynamic triggers have fewer triggers than static triggers. Nonlinear filters are introduced to combine DSC technology with fixed‐time adaptive control technology. Theoretical analysis shows that all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded at a fixed time. Finally, two numerical simulation examples are given to prove the feasibility of the proposed method.
Stereolithography Assisted Controllable Random Lasing Device for Tunable Threshold, Linewidth, and Wavelength
Authors: Gummaluri Venkata Siva , Vadakke Matham Murukeshan
Published: November 2022

Additive manufacturing provides flexibility in making structures according to specific geometry requirements. Advances in this technology, including sophisticated laser‐based stereolithography (SLA) technique, have paved the way to fabricate structures with layer resolutions up to 25 μm. Although the feasibility of random lasing is shown in 3D‐printed structures, a study on varying lasing properties using SLA printing technique with continuous wave laser pumping is not studied yet in depth. Herein, SLA is used to fabricate structures conducive for random lasing. Randomly distributed vertical cylindrical microchannels are fabricated on a 1 cm × 1 cm photoresin chip of thickness 2 mm. The geometry of structures makes it viable for liquid optical gain media to be injected into the cylindrical channels. The random lasing characteristics are demonstrated including threshold and linewidths. Tunability in peak lasing wavelength, required threshold, and minimum achievable linewidth are demonstrated by changing the diameter of the microchannels. Further, it is shown that by changing the hole diameter from 260 to 470 μm, a wavelength tunability of approximately 22 nm is achieved. This structure expects to significantly contribute for its use as an on‐chip photonic sensor, wherein liquid analytes achieved can be injected and sensed using optical parameters, and for on‐chip spectroscopy applications.
In situ Alloyed Medium Entropy Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Microstructure and Cryogenic Performance
Authors: Ma Jun , Jia Liang , Jia Wenpeng , Jin Feng
Published: November 2022

An investigation is conducted into the feasibility to produce in situ alloyed medium entropy alloy containing four principal elements by laser powder bed fusion of the blended elemental powders. The effect of scan strategy, layer thickness, and laser power on in situ alloying is examined. It is revealed that the melting of Cr particles could be enhanced by increasing the remelting times of each building layer through the re‐scan strategy or reducing the powder layer thickness and by increasing the melting pool depth via large laser power. Besides, the combination of elemental uniformity and the low porosity in the printed alloy can be achieved. The accuracy of the nominal composition in the as‐printed sample could be ensured by the large remelting times combined with middle laser power, while an excessively large laser power could cause the loss of Cr element. Based on the high repetitive remelting process, the mechanism of pores elimination during in situ alloying is discussed. After the optimization, the as‐printed Fe60Co15Ni15Cr10 alloy fabricates with the re‐scan strategy or high laser power shows a tensile strength of ≈1140 MPa and an elongation of ≈0.39 under cryogenic loading. The as‐printed alloy overcomes the strength–ductility trade‐off at cryogenic temperature through the transformation‐induced plasticity.
Additive Manufacturing of Electrically Conductive Nanocomposites Filled with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Iervolino Filippo , Bonessa Aurora , Foti Gaia , Levi Marinella , Suriano Raffaella
Published: November 2022

Herein, two photopolymers containing multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are newly developed to 3D print electrically conductive structures via near‐visible light (405 nm) stereolithography (SL) process. A free‐radical resin and a hybrid cationic/free‐radical photopolymer are used as a matrix and loaded with MWCNTs. A solution mixing method is selected to obtain an optimal MWCNTs dispersion. Rheological and photo‐calorimetric analyses are performed by varying filler concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75 wt%) as well as electrical properties of the cured nanocomposites are measured. Rheological characterization indicates the free‐radical resin loaded with the 0.25 wt% of MWCNTs as the most suitable material for the 3D printing of electro‐active systems because it guarantees a rapid and homogenous resin recoating in the vat during the printing of two different layers due to its fluidity. The optimal printing parameters for this photocurable MWCNTs‐loaded resin are found through photosensitivity and photo‐calorimetric analyses. Electrically conductive structures with a conductivity value of 0.0006 S cm−1 are successfully printed, showing the immense potential of these conductive polymeric materials in replacing other standard silicon‐based materials manufactured by conventional 2D lithographic processes for the development of electronic devices and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Hofmeister Effect‐Enhanced Hydration Chemistry of Hydrogel for High‐Efficiency Solar‐Driven Interfacial Desalination
Authors: Zou Hongqi , Meng Xiangtong , Zhao Xin , Qiu Jieshan
Published: November 2022

Solar‐driven water evaporation technology holds great potential for mitigating the global water scarcity due to its high energy conversion efficiency. Lowering the vaporization enthalpy of water is key to boost the performance of solar‐driven desalination. Herein, a highly hydratable hydrogel (PMH) network, consisting of modified needle coke as photothermal material and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as hydratable matrix, is crafted via simple physical cross‐linking method. When capitalizing on the PMH as evaporator for 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, a high evaporation rate of 3.18 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun illumination is deliver ed, unexpectedly outperforming that in pure water (2.53 kg m−2 h−1). More importantly, the PMH shows a robust desalination durability, thus enabling a self‐cleaning system. Further investigations reveal that the outstanding evaporation performance of PMH in brine roots in its hydrability tuned by chaotropic Cl−, wherein the Cl− can mediate the hydration chemistry of PVA in PMH and suppress related crystallinity, thus contributing to the increased content of intermediate water and the lowered vaporization enthalpy of brine. This work first scrutinizes the Hofmeister effect on the evaporation behavior of PMH evaporator in brine and provides insights for high‐efficiency solar‐driven interfacial desalination.
Smart Contact Lenses for the New Era of IoT: Integrated Biosensors, Circuits, and Human–Machine Interface Systems
Authors: Xiang Shengxin , Wang Yuanwei , Zhang Chi , Zhao Zhiwei , Wang Baoping , Zou Wenjun , Wu Jun
Published: November 2022

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology endows some traditional devices with intelligent functions. Compared with traditional contact lenses used for correcting vision or beautifying the eyes, smart contact lenses (SCLs) are developed to monitor some physiological information of the eye. Sculls can be used to continuously monitor eye diseases non‐invasively in real‐time. As a personal electronic device, SCs can aid people in understanding their physical condition better without affecting their personal life. This review mainly discusses the development direction and problems associated with sculls from the perspective of the IoT. SCs consist of three main parts: biosensors, circuits, and human–machine interface (HMI) systems. These three parts correspond to the sensing, connection, and application layer of the IoT. Finally, the problems that may be encountered in the development of SCLs are discussed and potential solutions are proposed.
Underwater Adhesion and Anti‐Swelling Hydrogels
Authors: Wang Siying , Liu Jingying , Wang Leichen , Cai Hao , Wang Qian , Wang Wenjun , Shao Jinjun , Dong Xiaochen
Published: November 2022

Wearable devices, biomaterials, and tissue engineering have all gained from the development of flexible materials. Hydrogels are made up of the polymer matrix in an amount of water and are now being explored extensively. Ascribed to their high hydrophilicity, conventional hydrogels are difficult to deal with high humidity, being easily swell and even decompose. The utilization of hydrogel underwater is influenced by two key factors: the hydrogel absorbs water and swells easily to depress the mechanical characteristics, and the hydration layer at the contact interface also prevents the hydrogel from making close contact with the target surface, preventing conformal and accurate smart perception. So far, many researchers have proposed satisfying improvements for underwater applications from these two perspectives. This review first summarizes the general mechanisms of underwater adhesion hydrogels. Then, various anti‐swelling strategies of the reported hydrogel are described. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects of underwater adhesion and anti‐swelling hydrogels are provided.
Optimum Combination of Radiopharmaceuticals‐Based Targeting‐Triggering‐Therapy Effect and PD‐L1 Blockade Immunotherapy
Authors: Wen Xuejun , Zeng Xinying , Shi Changrong , Liu Jia , Zhang Yiren , Shi Mengqi , Li Jingchao , Chen Haojun , Zhuang Rongqiang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhang Xianzhong , Guo Zhide
Published: November 2022

The therapeutic alliance of 177Lu radioligand therapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has gained increasing attention. This study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory effect (targeting‐triggering‐therapy) of 177Lu‐DOTA‐EB‐cRGDfK (177Lu‐DER) and to optimize the therapeutic efficacy by combining targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and ICB. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence analysis, and RT‐qPCR are conducted to confirm the change of PD‐L1 expression. Tumor uptakes of 177Lu‐DER in CT26 and MC38 colorectal tumor models are verified through single photon emission computed tomography imaging. Further, the radionuclide dose and the treatment schedule to optimize the therapeutic scheme are carefully titrated and the mechanism of the synergy between TRT and ICB is explored. The results demonstrate that PD‐L1 expression is upregulated after irradiation of 177Lu. The combination of 9.25 MBq 177Lu‐DER TRT with 200 µg αPD‐L1 immunotherapy significantly inhibits tumor growth and protects against tumor recurrence. It is also found that 4‐h interval is an effective time window between radioligand administration and ICB therapy. In conclusion, a promising scheme for tumor immunotherapy is realized based on the sequential administration of integrin αvβ3‐targeted radioligand and PD‐L1 immune checkpoint blocker, emphasizing the potential of combining radiotheranostics with ICB for precision cancer therapy.
Sphere Last‐Passage Algorithm for Charge Density on a Smooth (Convex) Conducting Surface
Authors: Son Jinseong , Im Junhyeok , Hwang Chi‐Ok
Published: November 2022

In a series of papers, the authors have been developing last‐passage algorithms such as last‐passage algorithm and off‐centered last‐passage algorithm on a flat conducting surface, quadrupole last‐passage algorithm on an L‐shaped conducting surface, and last‐passage algorithm on a spherical conducting surface, held at (non)constant potentials. All the previous last‐passage algorithms can compute charge density at a specific point on a flat or spherical conducting surface only. In this paper, the last‐passage algorithms on any smooth (convex) surface for charge density at a specific point are further developed where a tangent plane can be constructed and a sphere can be put. The algorithm for charge density on a sphere, on a circular plate, and on the unit cube held at unit potential is demonstrated. The results show excellent agreements with theoretical or other simulation ones.
Degradation Mechanism and Enhancing Strategies of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Carbon‐Based Metal Free Catalysts in Acidic Solution
Authors: Li Yan , Nong Wei , Zeng Zhihao , Wang Chengxin
Published: November 2022

Carbon‐based metal free catalysts (CMFCs) are far away from commercial availability mainly attributed to their poor oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance in acidic environment with the causes remaining obscure. By investigating the heteroatoms (N, B, P, S, Se, and Te)‐doped reduced graphene oxides, the degradation mechanism of acidic ORR performance of CMFCs is found to be correlated with the oxygen‐baring defects in the carbon sp2 lattice, which exhibit overpotentials as low as 0.44 V but weak trapping capabilities for oxygen molecules. These findings not only revise the previously reported strategy of modeling the active sites in the basal plane of CMFCs but also highlight the connections between those active sites and the triple‐coordinated VIA group elements (XC3). Further calculations demonstrate that the XC3 dimer can efficiently enhance the acidic ORR performance and the 2D trigonal carbon‐chalcogenides C6X (X = S, Se, and Te) are accordingly designed toward acidic ORR, which contain homogeneously distributed basal plane active sites and exhibit low overpotentials but strong trapping capabilities for oxygen molecules. This work will help to cease the debates on the active sites in CMFCs for ORR in both acidic and alkaline solutions and to open a new avenue to design CMFCs independent on doping strategy.
Nanoporöse Filme mit regelmäßig angeordneten molekularen Motoren für lichtgesteuerte Adsorption und Diffusion
Authors: Jiang Yunzhe , Danowski Wojciech , Feringa Ben L. , Heinke Lars
Published: November 2022

Molekulare Motoren sind faszinierende Nanomaschinen. Die Herstellung intelligenter Materialien aus solchen funktionalen Molekülen stellt jedoch eine große Herausforderung für die Materialwissenschaften dar. Hier stellen wir einen schichtweisen Aufbau von orientierten, regelmäßig angeordneten molekularen Motoren vor, die einen kristallinen nanoporösen metallorganischen Dünnfilm bilden. Während alle Stator‐Teile der synthetischen molekularen Motoren senkrecht zum Substrat ausgerichtet sind, zeigen die Rotor‐Teile in die Poren, welche groß genug sind, um die lichtinduzierte Molekülrotation zu ermöglichen. Auf Grund der Transparenz der dünnen Filme kann die Rotation des Motors und seine Aktivierungsenergie mittels UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie bestimmt werden. Zum ersten Mal werden molekulare Motoren in kristallinen porösen Materialien genutzt, um die Adsorptions‐ und Diffusionseigenschaften von Gastmolekülen in den Poren zu kontrollieren, hier, indem sie mit Licht zwischen den (meta‐)stabilen Zuständen geschaltet werden. Die Arbeit demonstriert das Potenzial von Materialien mit synthetischen molekularen Motoren und zeigt einen Weg für die zukünftige Entwicklung intelligenter Materialien.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Hasubanan Alkaloids: Periglaucines A–C, N,O‐Dimethyloxostephine and Oxostephabenine
Authors: Ding Shaolei , Shi Yingbo , Yang Baochao , Hou Min , He Haibing , Gao Shuanhu
Published: November 2022

We report herein the asymmetric total synthesis of periglaucines A–C, N,O‐dimethyloxostephine and oxostephabenine. The key strategies used include: 1) a RhI‐catalyzed regio‐ and diastereoselective Hayashi‐Miyaura reaction to connect two necessary fragments; 2) an intramolecular photoenolization/Diels–Alder (PEDA) reaction to construct the highly functionalized tricyclic core skeleton bearing a quaternary center; 3) a bio‐inspired intramolecular Michael addition and transannular acetalization to generate the aza[4.4.3]propellane and the tetrahydrofuran ring.
Assessing the Progression of Early Atherosclerosis Mice Using a Fluorescence Nanosensor for the Simultaneous Detection and Imaging of pH and Phosphorylation
Authors: Li Jin , Zhao Na , Zhang Wei , Li Ping , Yin Xia , Zhang Wen , Wang Hui , Tang Bo
Published: November 2022

The inflammatory microenvironment involves changes in pH and protein phosphorylation state and is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Herein, we constructed a dual‐detection fluorescence nanosensor PCN‐NP‐HPZ based on post modification of MOFs, which realized the simultaneous detection and imaging of pH and phosphorylation through the pH‐sensitive group piperazine and the ZrIV node of the MOFs. The sensors were used to monitor changes in blood pH and phosphate levels at different time stages during atherosclerotic plaque formation. Two‐photon fluorescence imaging was also performed in the vascular endothelium. Blood tests combined with two‐photon fluorescence images indicated that in the early stage of AS, blood and tissue pH levels were lower than that of the normal mice, while phosphate and tissue phosphorylation levels were higher than that of the normal mice. The present study provides a new analysis method for the assessment of early atherosclerotic disease.
Synthesis and ex‐situ evaluation of quaternized polysulfone as an anion exchange ionomer for AEM technologies
Authors: Salazar‐Gastélum Luis J. , Beltrán‐Gastélum Mara , Calva‐Yañez Julio C. , Lin Shui Wai , Chávez‐Velasco Daniel , Salazar‐Gastélum Moisés I. , Pérez‐Sicairos Sergio
Published: November 2022

Anion exchange ionomer (AEI) is a critical component used on anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) and alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE). In this work, quaternized polysulfone with different functionalization degree were used as an ionomer to evaluate the performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), both implied in the operation of AEMFC and AWE. The synthesized ionomer exhibited a better performance in both reactions in comparison to the commercial AEI Aemion®. PSf‐130 exhibited better performance, since IEC and surface area increases twice regarding the same parameters in the PSf‐60. The PSf‐130 conductivity increases three times regarding the value exhibited by PSf‐60. Finally, the Jlim and Jk increases 67% and 100% for ORR. On the other hand, the same catalytic parameter increased 44% and 35% for HOR comparing both polysulfone‐based ionomers. The Tafel slope values do not showed drastically changes for different ionomers indicating the same rate determining step (RDS) and the same mechanism in both reactions for all the ionomers.
Redox Flow Batteries: Electrolyte Chemistries Unlock the Thermodynamic Limits
Authors: Chen Ruiyong
Published: November 2022

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) represent a promising approach to enabling the widespread integration of intermittent renewable energy. Rapid developments in RFB materials and electrolyte chemistries are needed to meet the cost and performance targets. In this review, special emphasis is given to the recent advances how electrolyte design could circumvent the main thermodynamic restrictions of aqueous electrolytes. The recent success of aqueous electrolyte chemistries has been demonstrated by extending the electrochemical stability window of water beyond the thermodynamic limit, the operating temperature window beyond the thermodynamic freezing temperature of water and crystallization of redox‐active materials, and the aqueous solubility beyond the thermodynamic solubility limit. They would open new avenues towards enhanced energy storage and all‐climate adaptability. Depending on the constituent, concentration and condition of electrolytes, the performance gain has been correlated to the specific solvation environment, interactions among species and ion association at a molecular level.
PI velocity control of brushless DC motors using the extended dq transformation
Authors: Orrante‐Sakanassi Jorge , Hernández‐Guzmán Victor M. , Silva‐Ortigoza Ramón
Published: November 2022

This paper is concerned with velocity control in brushless direct current (BLDC) motors. Our control scheme is composed of a classical proportional–integral velocity controller and a proportional electric current controller computed in the extended dq coordinate system. We employ a finite time estimator that has been previously proposed in the literature intended to estimate the unknown back electromotive forces. This estimator has been proven previously to converge locally to the true values. This control strategy is proposed to eliminate torque ripple produced by the fact that back electromotive forces in BLDC motors are nonsinusoidal. We present, for the first time, a formal stability result for this control scheme: (a) the state has an ultimate bound provided that the estimate of the back electromotive forces is close to the true values, and (b) this ultimate bound can be rendered arbitrarily small when the estimate of the back electromotive forces converges to the true values. This result stands when starting from any initial condition such that the finite time estimator is ensured to converge to the true values. We verify our findings through simulations.
Metacognition vulnerabilities in time of crisis: Who to protect from suicidal risk?
Authors: Martin Sylvia , Oltra Anna , del Monte Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

During stressful events, we are all trying to cope. We may not be equal depending on our emotional, psychological, and mental states. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, we could try to avoid negative information processing and anxiogenics content to prevent unhealthy thinking processes. One of the processes we can observe regarding our way of thinking and its impact on our psychological well‐being is Metacognition.

Methods

We recruited 104 outpatients in 2018. In 2020, during the pandemic, we recruited 216 outpatients and 176 healthy controls. We assessed their level of metacognition with the MCQ30 scale together with Suicidal risk and Hopelessness.

Results

All three groups showed significant differences, with the nonclinical sample having higher scores in MCQ30. Regression revealed the different profiles where Hopelessness was the only predictor for the clinical sample, whereas metacognition was an adjunctive predictor of suicidal risk for the nonclinical sample.

Conclusion

Our results showed that the COVID‐19 crisis influenced metacognitive levels for the nonclinical sample but not for the clinical population. Moreover, Hopelessness predicted suicide risk for both populations, but Metacognition was also a predictive factor for the nonclinical sample. We conclude with the possible impact of preventive measures based on Metacognitive work that can be created out of these results.
Asymmetric Ruthenium Catalysis Enables Fluorophores with Point Chirality Displaying CPL Properties**
Authors: Sun Yang , Dhbaibi Kais , Lauwick Hortense , Lalli Claudia , Taupier Gregory , Molard Yann , Gramage‐Doria Rafael , Dérien Sylvie , Crassous Jeanne , Achard Mathieu
Published: November 2022

A novel enantiopure π‐allylruthenium(IV) precatalyst allowed the enantioselective and stereospecific allylations of indoles and gave access to indolin‐3‐ones, containing vicinal stereogenic centers. Facile separation of diastereoisomers exhibiting opposite circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activities in diverse solvents, including water, demonstrated the potential of these sustainable transformations and of the newly prepared molecules.
Oxidation of an Internal‐Edge‐Substituted [5]Helicene‐Derived Phosphine Synchronously Enhances Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Usui Kazuteru , Narita Nozomi , Eto Ryosuke , Suzuki Seika , Yokoo Atsushi , Yamamoto Kosuke , Igawa Kazunobu , Iizuka Naoko , Mimura Yuki , Umeno Tomohiro , Matsumoto Shota , Hasegawa Masashi , Tomooka Katsuhiko , Imai Yoshitane , Karasawa Satoru
Published: November 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Kazuteru Usui and Satoru Karasawa at Showa Pharmaceutical University, and Yoshitane Imai at Kindai University. The image depicts how a phosphine‐oxide‐bearing helicene exhibits markedly enhanced CPL response in the excited state compared with that of one with a corresponding phosphine. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202202922.
Single‐Use Technology in Biopharmaceutical Manufacture and Beyond
Authors: Langer Eric S.
Published: November 2022

COVID‐19 has accelerated the steadily growing demand for single‐use devices in bioprocessing. A recently published study shows single‐use equipment dominates small‐ and mid‐scale bioprocessing and starting to graduate to adoption for larger scale commercial manufacturing. With advancing technology, knowledge, adoption and experience, future progress and market expansion are expected. The demand for rapid production due to COVID‐19 has virtually mandated the use of single‐use system devices.
Data‐driven analysis and predictive modeling on COVID‐19
Authors: Sharma Sonam , Alsmadi Izzat , Alkhawaldeh Rami S. , Al‐Ahmad Bilal
Published: November 2022

The coronavirus (COVID‐19) started in China in 2019, has spread rapidly in every single country and has spread in millions of cases worldwide. This paper presents a proposed approach that involves identifying the relative impact of COVID‐19 on a specific gender, the mortality rate in specific age, investigating different safety measures adopted by each country and their impact on the virus growth rate. Our study proposes data‐driven analysis and prediction modeling by investigating three aspects of the pandemic (gender of patients, global growth rate, and social distancing). Several machine learning and ensemble models have been used and compared to obtain the best accuracy. Experiments have been demonstrated on three large public datasets. The motivation of this study is to propose an analytical machine learning based model to explore three significant aspects of COVID‐19 pandemic as gender, global growth rate, and social distancing. The proposed analytical model includes classic classifiers, distinctive ensemble methods such as bagging, feature based ensemble, voting and stacking. The results show a superior prediction performance comparing with the related approaches.
Poor and rich dolphin optimization algorithm with modified deep fuzzy clustering for COVID‐19 patient analysis
Authors: Dhandapani Sudhagar , Jerald Rodriguez Arokia Renjit
Published: November 2022

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is considered as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), which has spread worldwide. Over millions of peoples are infected across the globe and several people are died. However, the most worrying group of patients suffered from lung severity with respiratory failure. Hence, cluster analysis is utilized for examining the heterogeneity of diseases for determining various clinical phenotypes having the same traits. This article devises an optimization‐driven technique for COVID‐19 patient analysis using the spark framework. Here, the input data is partitioned and fed to different slave nodes. In slave node, the selection of imperative features is done using the proposed poor and rich dolphin optimization algorithm (PRDOA). The proposed PRDOA is obtained by combining poor and rich (PRO) and dolphin echolation (DE) algorithm. The fitness is newly devised considering Minkowski distance measure. The clustering is performed on the master node using the proposed Tanimoto‐based deep fuzzy clustering (TDFC) for effective COVID‐19 patient analysis. Thus, the proposed TDFC is obtained by incorporating Tanimoto concept and deep fuzzy clustering. The proposed PRDOA with TDFC offered enhanced performance with the highest clustering accuracy of 89.8%, dice coefficient of 90%, Jaccard coefficient of 85.7%, and rand coefficient of 85.7%.
Tutorial: Using Community Engagement Studios to Enhance Pharmacogenetic Study Design for Maximizing Enrollment of Diverse Children and Pregnant People
Authors: Jasper Elizabeth A. , Holley Sabrina E. , Jones Sarah H. , Liu Michelle , Israel Tiffany , Van Driest Sara L. , Velez Edwards Digna R.
Published: November 2022

Most pharmacogenetic research is conducted in adult, non‐pregnant populations of European ancestry. Study of more diverse and special populations is necessary to validate findings and improve health equity. However, there are significant barriers to recruitment of diverse populations for genetic studies, such as mistrust of researchers due to a history of unethical research and ongoing social inequities. Engaging communities and understanding community members' perspectives may help to overcome these barriers and improve research quality. Here, we highlight one method for engaging communities, the Community Engagement Studio (CES), a consultative session that allows researchers to obtain guidance and feedback based on community members' lived experiences. We also provide an example of its use in pharmacogenetic studies. In designing a survey study of knowledge and attitudes around pharmacogenetic testing among children with chronic conditions and pregnant individuals, we sought input from diverse community stakeholders through CESs at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. We participated in two CESs with community stakeholders representing study target populations. Our goals were to learn specific concerns about pharmacogenetic testing and preferred recruitment strategies for these communities. Concerns were expressed about how genetic information would be used beyond the immediate study. Participants emphasized the importance of clarity and transparency in communication to overcome participation hesitancy and mistrust of the study team. Recruitment strategy recommendations ranged from informal notices posted in healthcare settings to provider referrals. The CES enabled us to modify our recruitment methods and research materials to better communicate with populations currently under‐represented in pharmacogenetics research.
Energy and load balancing routing protocol for IoT
Authors: Kalantar Shahzad , Jafari Mehdi , Hashemipour Malihe
Published: November 2022

Due to the limitation of node energy resources, the management of energy consumption is one of the most important problems of the internet of things (IoT). Therefore, many studies have tried to optimize and manage energy consumption by focusing on different techniques. Although each of these studies has improved and optimized energy consumption, there are many important problems, including maintaining traffic balance and energy consumption of network nodes. Therefore, a new method is necessary to maintain the load and energy balancing of network nodes. Therefore, this paper introduces energy and load balancing routing protocol for IoT (ELBRP) based on the development of the RPL routing protocol and the efficiency of data distribution technique. The ELBRP performance has three steps. In the first step, along with the process of sending DODAG information object (DIO) messages, the status of network nodes is evaluated. In the second step, the DODAG communication graph is formed according to the ELBRP. In the third step, data transmission is done according to the distribution technique with the goal of balancing traffic and energy. The simulation results using cooja simulator showed the superiority of ELBRP in improving energy consumption and successful delivery ratio, reducing delay and increasing the network lifetime compared to the similar methods.
Heterozygous pathogenic variants in CWF19L1 in a Chinese family with spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 17
Authors: Ruan Miaohua , Wang Hongwei , Zhu Mianmian , Sun Rongyue , Shi Jiamin , Wang Qiu , Chen Yuan , Wang Yihong , Wang Dan
Published: November 2022

Background

CWF19L1 is responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 17, which presents with cerebellar ataxia, and atrophy. Here, we report novel compound heterozygous variants of CWF19L1 in a Chinese family with progressive ataxia and mental retardation of unknown etiology by analyzing clinical characteristics and genetic variations.

Methods

Clinical profiles and genomic DNA extracts of family members were collected. Whole‐exome and Sanger sequencing were performed to detect associated genetic variants. Pathogenicity prediction and conservation analysis of the identified variants were performed using bioinformatics tools.

Results

We identified heterozygous variants at the invariant +2 position (c.1555_c.1557delGAG in exon 14 and c.1070G > T in exon 11) of the CWF19L1 gene. Two novel heterozygous variants of the CWF19L1 gene were identified in the CWF19L1 gene associated with autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that CWF19L1 variants may be a novel cause of recessive ataxia with developmental delay. Whole‐exome sequencing is an efficient tool for screening variants associated with the disease. This case report may help diagnose and identify the causes of other ataxias, leading to novel therapies, especially in China. This finding enriches the variant spectrum of the CWF19L1 gene and lays the foundation for future studies on the correlation between genotype and phenotype.
Quantitative analysis capability of DIUTHAME mass spectrometry verified by acetylcholinesterase enzyme‐catalyzed reaction assays
Authors: Naito Yasuhide
Published: November 2022

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is advantageous for mass spectrometry applications where throughput is important. However, quantitative analysis is essentially problematic for MALDI‐MS whose results depend on the intrinsically stochastic microcrystalline state of the matrix. High‐throughput screening (HTS) of drug candidates is a typical example that requires high throughput. The application of MALDI‐MS to HTS, which is quantitative analysis, imposes restrictions on designing an experimental system. Surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) methods, which do not depend on matrix crystal formation, are expected to be applied to quantitative analyses such as HTS. A recently developed one type of SALDI methods, desorption ionization using through hole alumina membrane (DIUTHAME), possesses a distinct feature that the surface microstructure effective for ionization is formed by through holes. In this study, the quantitative analysis capability of DIUTHAME was verified by applying DIUTHAME to enzyme‐catalyzed reaction measurements, which are also used for HTS. Quantitative DIUTHAME‐MS was conducted on various conditions of acetylcholinesterase‐catalyzed reaction solutions containing cow milk as a substitute of biological media. Even for the enzyme‐catalyzed reaction solutions containing complex additives that make the quantitative analysis extremely difficult, DIUTHAME based on the through hole structure enables quantitative measurements of the analytes by applying the reaction solutions to the back side of the laser exposed surface. In comparison with those obtained by MALDI‐MS, the results obtained by DIUTHAME‐MS showed less variability of data and delivered a better linearity of the Lineweaver–Burk plots and a more reasonable value of the Michaelis constant. Accordingly, it was demonstrated that DIUTHAME‐MS possesses the quantitative analysis capability much better than that of MALDI‐MS.
Nonpharmaceutical interventions for COVID‐19 disrupt the dynamic balance between influenza A virus and human immunity
Authors: Ye Qing , Liu Huihui , Mao Jianhua , Shu Qiang
Published: November 2022

During the COVID‐19 epidemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) blocked the transmission route of respiratory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the impact of NPIs on the influenza A virus (IAV) outbreak. The present study enrolled all children with respiratory tract infections who came to the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2019 and July 2022. A direct immunofluorescence assay kit detected IAV. Virus isolation and Sanger sequencing were performed. From June to July 2022, in Hangzhou, China, the positive rate of IAV infection in children has increased rapidly, reaching 30.41%, and children over 3 years old are the main infected population, accounting for 75% of the total number of infected children. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses are representative strains during this period. In this outbreak, H3N2 was isolated from a cluster of its own and is highly homologous with A/South_Dakota/22/2022 (2021–2022 Northern Hemisphere). Between isolated influenza A (H3N2) viruses and A/South_Dakota/22/2022, the nucleotide homology of the HA gene ranged from 97.3% to 97.5%; the amino acid homology was 97%–97.2%, and the genetic distance of nucleotides ranged from 0.05 to 0.052. Compared with A/South_Dakota/22/2022, the isolated H3N2 showed S156H, N159Y, I160T, D186S, S198P, I48T, S53D, and K171N mutations. There was no variation in 13 key amino acid sites associated with neuraminidase inhibitor resistance in NA protein. Long‐term NPIs have significantly affected the evolution and transmission of the influenza virus and human immunity, breaking the dynamic balance between the IAV and human immunity.
Prognostic roles of leptin‐signaling proteins, PD‐L1, and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in surgically‐resected biliary tract cancers
Authors: Byeon Sun‐ju , Chang Mee Soo , Cho Hwa Jin , Park Jeong Hwan , Kim Ki Hwan , Park Jin Hyun , Choi In Sil , Kim Won , Han Dong‐Seok , Ahn Hye Seong , Heo Seung Chul
Published: November 2022

Background

Biliary tract cancers are rare, with a poor patient prognosis. Leptin and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) influence CD8+ and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ lymphocytes, and thus, cancer cell growth. We aimed to define the prognostic implications of these variables and the clinicopathological features of biliary tract cancers.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry for leptin signaling‐related proteins (leptin, leptin receptor, pSTAT3, extracellular‐regulated kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin), PD‐L1, CD8, and FOXP3 and in situ hybridization for Epstein−Barr virus‐encoded small RNAs were performed in 147 cases of surgically‐resected biliary tract cancers.

Results

Immune cell PD‐L1‐positivity, tumor size < 3 cm, adjuvant chemotherapy, no recurrence, and early‐stage tumors were correlated with better 5‐year survival in the tumoral PD‐L1(–) and leptin(–) subgroups, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through multivariate analysis (all p < 0.05). Immune cell PD‐L1 and adjuvant chemotherapy lost its prognostic significance in the tumoral PD‐L1+ and leptin+ subgroups.

Conclusions

The prognostic implication of the variables may depend upon tumoral protein expression and the anatomical site. Immune cell PD‐L1‐positivity and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy may indicate the favorable survival of patients with surgically‐resected biliary tract cancers, specifically, in the tumoral PD‐L1(–) or tumor leptin(–) subgroups and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PD‐L1‐ or leptin‐targeted therapy combined with conventional chemotherapy may benefit the tumoral PD‐L1+ or leptin+ subgroups.
Miniaturized ternary deep eutectic solvent‐based matrix solid‐phase dispersion: A green sample preparation method for the determination of chlorophenols in river sediment
Authors: El‐Deen Asmaa Kamal , Shimizu Kuniyoshi
Published: November 2022

New ternary deep eutectic solvents were prepared and applied as efficient green dispersing solvents in miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion to extract chlorophenols from river sediments for the first time. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector was used to analyze the target analytes. The significant factors affecting the extraction were optimized as follows: dispersant (100 mg), sample (100 mg), ternary eutectic solvents (150 μl), grinding for 1 min, 450 μl of acetonitrile as the elution solvent, and vortex mixing for 20 s. Under the optimal conditions, the method exhibited excellent linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.9980), low limits of detection between 1.039–2.478 μg/g, and extraction recoveries between 93.9% and 99.2%. Furthermore, the method demonstrated excellent precision in the intra‐ and inter‐day analysis with a relative standard deviation below 6%. When compared to conventional extraction techniques, the miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion considerably reduced samples and solvent usag, offering important environmental benefits. The green profile of the method was assessed using the complementary green analytical procedure index tool confirming its eco‐friendship. The technique was finally employed to evaluate sediment samples from three distinct locations along the Zuibaiji River, indicating its applicability for monitoring environmental samples.