bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO NO PROCESSO DE ENVELHECIMENTO: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Braz Pinheiro Cássia Kaiane , Pereira da Silva Zenaide Castelo Branco , de Macêdo Tâmyack Alves
Published: April 2021

Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos do exercício físico na saúde do idoso Métodos: Este trabalho tratou-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa, onde a seleção dos estudos foi relizada na base de dados on-line: PubMed, entre os anos de 2010 a 2020 em português. Após o processo de filtragem dos estudos, obteve-se um total de 10 artigos. Resultados: Estudos mostraram que o exercício físico é capaz de aumentar os escores no domínio cognitivo do idoso, melhora a flexibilidade, a capacidade funcional como por exemplo a marcha, além de reduzir a pressão arterial, glicemia e os fatores de risco cardiovascular, em consequência disto, uma melhor qualidade de vida para o idoso. Conclusão: Foi possível constatar que o exercício físico trouxe diversos efeitos positivos para os idosos, envolvendo a melhora da capacidade funcional para realizar as tarefas do dia-a-dia, diminuição de dores, como também, benefícios psicológicos e sociais.
RESPOSTA CRÔNICA DA CARGA INTERNA DE TREINAMENTO: treinamento continuo versus treinamento intermitente
Authors: Oliveira Sousa Vitória Carolina , Rodrigues Pessoa Diego
Published: April 2021

Objetivos: Verificar as diferentes modulações nos marcadores da carga de treino em exercício contínuo e intermitentes. Métodos: Para presente revisão foram pesquisados artigos nas bases de dados eletrônicas da MedLine/PubMed e Scielo , entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2020. Para confronto nas bases de dados, utilizou-se os termos em inglês: (((((aerobic continuous) OR (aerobic intermittent)) OR (internal load monitoring)) OR (exercises)) AND (heart rate)) OR (exercise response). Os artigos encontrados foram submetidos a leitura dos resumos e confrontados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão dessa revisão. Resultados: Apenas 550 estudos foram considerados elegíveis para os estudos, e então foram submetidos a avaliação da qualidade metodológica e aos critérios de inclusão, os quais 541 estudos foram excluídos e, por fim, 9 estudos foram incluídos na presente revisão. Conclusão: Treinamento intermitente e contínuos de acordo com os estudos apresentados, ambos serão eficazes de acordo com o público que será aplicado esses protocolos. O profissional de educação física que tem que abdicar dessas informações para um melhor monitoramento de carga interna e externa de treinamento.
A RELAÇÃO DO FUTSAL COM AS LESÕES NOS MEMBROS INFERIORES
Authors: Almeida Sousa Felipe , Paiva Dias Mário Sérgio de
Published: April 2021

Objetivos: Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica a relação das lesões nos membros inferiores do futsal. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de pesquisa de caráter descritivo com análise quantitativa e qualitativa, realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, através de revisão de literatura, por meio de livros, periódicos de bases de pesquisa – Scielo, Efdeportes, entre outros – monografias e teses e web sites; com literatura datada desde o ano de 1987 até os dias atuais. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa, que visa destacar os principais motivos que ocasionam as lesões na prática do futsal. Resultados: Estudos mostraram que vários fatores podem ser decisivos para o grande número de ocorrências de lesões nos membros inferiores e que atitudes corretas e imediatas podem favorecer a recuperação do atleta de forma mais rápida. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que, um treinamento correto, bem planejado e estruturado, entre o profissional e o atleta garante um trabalho eficiente, minimizando o número de lesões, principalmente na fase inicial de aprendizagem.
EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO COMO FATOR DA SAÚDE: a importância do exercício para uma vida saudável na infância
Authors: Nascimento Sousa Ana Kelly , Rosendo Da Silva Dayane Nayara , Matos Pinheiro Rômulo
Published: April 2021

Objetivos: Este artigo objetiva analisar como os exercícios físicos são fundamentais para o amadurecimento saudável das crianças e reduzem as chances de diversas doenças. Métodos: A pesquisa constituiu-se em um estudo de revisão de literatura, reunindo ideias de fontes diversas, buscando apresentar novos ângulos desses assuntos já tão conhecido, buscando entender o exercício físico como fator da saúde e a importância do exercício para uma vida saudável na infância. A pesquisa constituiu-se em uma busca nas bases de pesquisas eletrônicas, sendo avaliados todos os artigos publicados que correspondem os temas, as bases de dados: Periódicos do Capes, Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Resultados: a falta de exercícios físicos acarreta inúmeros prejuízos, e já na infância, influencia o desempenho motor, como em corridas, saltos e brincadeiras que precisam de agilidade. O bullying, resultado principal dentre prejuízos psicológicos da inatividade física, marca profundamente as vivências das pessoas. Conclusão: Em conclusão, observou-se que o mundo está enfrentando uma epidemia de inatividade física e, portanto, de doenças crônicas e obesidade.
EFEITOS FISIOLÓGICOS DO TREINAMENTO RESISTIDO NO CONTROLE HEMODINÂMICO
Authors: Mesquita da Silva Cícero Eduardo Mota , de Macêdo Tâmyack Alves
Published: April 2021

Objetivos: Descrever os benefícios da utilização do treinamento resistido para a realização do controle hemodinâmico, identificando quais efeitos fisiológicos são gerados pelo treinamento resistido no controle da hipertensão e da hipotensão arterial. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo sobre como o treinamento resistido contribui para a existência de reações fisiológicas que corroborem com o tratamento da hipertensão e da hipotensão arterial, o mesmo foi realizado através de buscas em artigos de revistas especializadas e nacionais, disponíveis nas bases de dados referentes ao período entre 2010 a 2020. Portanto, trata-se de uma revisão integrativa através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, ou seja, uma revisão da literatura sobre as principais teorias que norteiam o trabalho científico. Resultados: Percebe-se que os autores convergem ao afirmarem que o treino resistido (TR) pode promover melhorias às pessoas com acometimento cardiovasculares. Porém, o que mais observou-se foi o bom resultado perante o trabalho com pré-hipertensos e com hipertensos. Para realizar a redução da Pressão Arterial Sistólica o mais adequado seria a utilização de sessões de 3 circuitos. Já para a Pressão Arterial Diastólica o mais adequado seria ou sessões de 1 circuito, ou sessões de 3 circuitos ou 3 séries convencionais. Portanto, percebe-se que uma série de 3 circuitos se adequa aos dois tipos de comorbidade.
OS EFEITOS DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA NA DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER
Authors: Silva do Prado Robson , Pinheiro Rômulo Matos , da Silva Wenderson Costa , Oliveira Cristina Soares , da Silva Eduardo Brito , Da Silva Rafael Andrade , Matos Sousa Brunna , Costa Santos Edilene Ferreira da , Soares Bianca Santos , Filho Cesar Augusto Pereira Souza
Published: April 2021

Objetivos: Avaliar os feitos da atividade física em indivíduos com Alzheimer. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. Este procedimento foi escolhido por possibilitar a síntese e análise do conhecimento científico já produzido sobre o tema “os efeitos da atividade física na doença de alzheimer”. Consultou-se por meio de descritores as bases de dados PubMed da National Library of Medicine; EMBASE (Biomedical answers) da ScienceDirect; e CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature). Resultados: Nível de evidência foi considerado alto, sendo composto principalmente por ensaios clínicos randomizados (36,4%%), em que todos os estudos abordaram de forma quantitativa a análise dos dados (100,0%). O grau de recomendação obteve-se maiores índices no A (72,7%) para mudança na prática clínica. Os estudos tiveram como foco principal o impacto dos exercícios físicos na doença de Alzheimer, especialmente na função cognitiva; o perfil sociodemográfico das pessoas com Alzheimer que obtiveram mais benefícios na prática de atividade física; os exercícios físicos mais utilizados como forma de intervenção terapêutica; e a intensidade que esses exercícios devem ser realizados para trazerem um maior benefício. Conclusão: A atividade física é uma importante intervenção complementar para indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer, pois os exercícios físicos tem demonstrado um potencial efeito na função cognitiva, linguagem, e nos movimentos corporais, reduzindo a progressão da doença, e proporcionando certa autonomia para os indivíduos com a doença de Alzheimer, bem como uma melhor qualidade de vida.
ANÁLISE DOS BENEFÍCIOS DA MUSCULAÇÃO NA PREVENÇÃO DE LESÕES NO FUTEBOL - uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Barros Carvalho Luziane Maria , Paiva Dias Mário Sérgio de
Published: April 2021

Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os benefícios da musculação na prevenção de lesões no futebol e como objetivos específicos visa justificar a importância da musculação na prevenção de lesões no futebol, apontar as lesões mais comuns na prática do futebol e indicar os principais exercícios na musculação para prevenção de lesões no futebol. Métodos: Como metodologia adotada tem- se a pesquisa bibliográfica, elaborada com base em material já publicado, que inclui material impresso, como livros, revistas, jornais, teses, dissertações e eventos científicos. Resultados: Os estudos mostraram que na maioria das pessoas que praticam musculação as lesões esportivas são decorrentes da relação entre o atleta e o esporte praticado, e ocorrem quando as atividades físicas sobrecarregam o corpo em algum ponto, causando problemas patológicos aos atletas. Nesse contexto, atletas melhor condicionados tendem a sofrer menos lesões durante sua jornada esportiva. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a musculação quando praticada de forma correta previne lesões e trabalha o bem estar físico e emocional do ser humano.
Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Techniques for DOS Detection in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Alsulaiman Lama , Al-Ahmadi Saad
Published: April 2021

The nature of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the widespread of using WSN introduce many security threats and attacks. An effective Intrusion Detection System (IDS) should be used to detect attacks. Detecting such an attack is challenging, especially the detection of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Machine learning classification techniques have been used as an approach for DoS detection. This paper conducted an experiment using Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA)to evaluate the efficiency of five machine learning algorithms for detecting flooding, grayhole, blackhole, and scheduling at DoS attacks in WSNs. The evaluation is based on a dataset, called WSN-DS. The results showed that the random forest classifier outperforms the other classifiers with an accuracy of 99.72%.
Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of adaptation of the outsourcing business model in organizations of the real sector of the Russian economy
Authors: Obolonsky Yury
Published: April 2021

The article presents an analysis of the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of adaptation of outsourcing business models and their application in the conflict management system at enterprises of the real sector of the Russian economy.
Stressful situations and their overcoming.
Authors: Pavlova Anastasia , Redina Ekaterina
Published: April 2021

The aim of the work was: To determine the methods of protection and behavior of the subject in stressful situations, for their effective overcoming.

The following techniques were used in the work:

1) Methodology for diagnosing psychological typologies.

2) Research of individual coping strategies. E. Heim.

3) Methodology "Coping - behavior in stressful situations".

Results:

According to the results of the first method, the defense mechanism - denial, prevails, and according to the third method, coping oriented towards avoidance prevails. Also, for all methods, the results about a low level of prevalence of emotions coincided. The subject does not resort to emotional defenses and behavior on rare occasions. He tries to rationally think about the situation and find a way out of it.

Conclusions:

The subject is expected to have a stronger understanding of his psychological defenses and self-control.

Recommendations for skillfully managing your own emotions and behavior both in stressful situations and in more emotionally calm situations.

You need to treat yourself, your body and soul with great respect and unconditional respect. And most importantly, love yourself. It is important to master the basics of self-regulation with the help of voluntary control of well-being and controlled harmonization of mood. Continue in the direction of comprehending the miracle of transformative creativity of conscious development. The choice in the systematic replenishment of energy always has a person who knows himself, his needs and ways to satisfy them.
Opinion on the practice of cremation funeral for patients who died of COVID-19
Authors: Heo Yun Jung
Published: April 2021

During the early phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, South Korea was among the countries affected by the novel infectious disease soon after China. A year later, South Korea is considered one of the countries to have successfully responded to COVID-19. Even though South Korea has struggled to learn how to live wisely with COVID-19, much less effort has been put into learning how to die gracefully during the COVID-19 pandemic. From the beginning of the pandemic, the Korean government has recommended (or mandated) cremation for those who die from COVID-19 to prevent further spread of the disease. However, the World Health Organization has announced that corpses are generally not contagious and cremation should be a matter of culture choice and available resources. In South Korea, the government pays compensation to the families of the deceased because they follow the national guidelines for the cremation and disinfection of bodies. However, it is now time to discuss how to support the families of the deceased, helping them to safely grieve and honor their loved one in their own ways, rather than forcing them to wrap the deceased with a plastic bag and proceed with a hasty cremation.
Current and future treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Choi Won-Il
Published: April 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and fibrosing interstitial lung disease, which is associated with a short survival rate. The decline in forced vital capacity in patients with IPF appears to be almost the same rate regardless of baseline lung function status. This suggests that early treatment would be necessary to prevent further deterioration even lung function is maintained within normal limits. Both pirfenidone and nintedanib significantly slow the decline in lung function, reduce the risk of acute exacerbation, and improve survival rate. However, many individuals with IPF remain untreated. Most IPF patients can tolerate antifibrotic drug therapy, and the dose adjustment has been shown to effectively reduce side effects without modifying efficacy. Although the recent introduction of pirfenidone and nintedanib has led to the slowing of lung function decline, there is no evidence of fibrosis reversal. In the near future, several new drugs are expected to be prescribed to patients with IPF. We are anticipating that some drugs may reverse fibrosis. Fibrosis inhibiting drugs have different pharmacological actions and there are various mechanisms causing fibrosis in the lesion. Therefore, it is imperative to launch efforts to optimize antifibrotic effects through a combination therapy of several drugs. These efforts will hold out hope for patients with IPF.
Iraq EFL Learners’ Perceptions of Intercultural Communicative Education Through Online Platform
Authors: Al-Mofti Khaldoon Waleed Husam
Published: April 2021

Intercultural communicative competence or intercultural competence (hence ICC or IC) refers to the essential competency or the awareness that EFL learners should have to act effectively and successfully in intercultural situations. However, ICC or IC’s integration in EFL classrooms is often a challenge and remains limited in EFL teaching. This is because language instructors usually tend to focus on knowledge especially the linguistic items of target language rather than its cultural aspects. Hence, the current research reports on a triangulated study aim to explore the Iraqi EFL learners’ perceptions before and after the integration of the ICC in the online course. The study also attempts to show the learners’ attitudes towards the intercultural communicative competence teaching (hence ICCT) model used to improve the learners’ ICC competency. The participants were 40 Iraqi EFL students studying English language at the department of English, College of Arts, University of Anbar. Data were collected via two research instruments, namely a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with the learners. The questionnaire was used for quantitative data collection, while the interviews questions were used for collecting qualitative data. The findings obtained revealed that there was an interesting significant difference in the perceptions of the EFL learners after the ICC’s integration course. This is attributed to the increased knowledge and awareness of the learners about ICC's important role in the English culture. Similarly, learners had positive attitudes towards the ICCT model and its steps. Thus, with the obtained results, the study encourages the integration of ICCT in EFL teaching.
Rational Inference Objection Due to The Invalidity of Its Grammatical Reasoning
Authors: AL-Heete Enad Mukhlef Muhabbash
Published: April 2021

Grammatical controversy is one of the topics that still need serious study and pause from researchers and scholars who study Arabic grammar in order to complete its image, and it is based on a strong leg, and a pillar that runs alongside grammatical applications, especially if it is linked to mental evidence, because it enriches the grammatical lesson with discussion The analysis and evidence and evaluation of evidence, and then assessed, and the statement of strong evidence from the weak, and the student helps to understand the particles that may be overlooked, and what is most evident in the grammatical reason that is the most important part in the measurement, and what is going on around it, and the grammarians were aware of all that the grammatical cause could add to the grammatical lesson and the understanding of grammatical rulings, whether the reason is a party to the measurement, or that the grammatical rule is interpreted (the explanation), and it is not surprising that there is a lot of objection to it in the place of dispute Grammar, and it is known that its response means the issue hesitates between nullity and weakness or anomalies.
INNOVATION FACTS TOWARDS LIFE
Authors: Sinha Ripu Ranjan
Published: April 2021

Innovation is the course of translating an idea or invention into a goods or services that creates value for which customers will pay or for which societies can benefited. To be called an innovation, an idea must be replicable at an economical cost and must satisfy a specific need. Innovation involves deliberate application of information, imagination and initiative in deriving greater or different values from resources, and includes all processes by which new ideas are generated and converted into useful products. In business, innovation often results when ideas are applied by the company in course or further meeting the needs and expectations of the customers. Innovation is not a one-man thing it can happen at every stage of an organization. The new intern may have million dollar business idea instead of those employers working for past 10 years. In our society we have great people and associate who are desirous to help us innovate. We need to listen to them and look for what they put forward. Ideas are everywhere. Without realizing their action some people do not Praise new ideas, do not let everybody contribute, not be open minded. This is how we kill innovation by our action. For Global Sustainability, Innovation is a Life blood we need to silhouette, nourish, retain and promote innovative culture in and around. We need to reframe our brain and actions or else it will kill or bring to an end us to upgrade further. This chapter is dedicated to all who like to grow one step further. Contents are divided with Historical Example of Kodak then the process to build innovative culture in the organization, Common Inhibitors, Inhibits Innovation, and activities to generate innovation.
Engage, Dis-Engage and Re-Engage: Analysing Beijing-Delhi Relations since the Post-Cold War Period
Authors: Mahesar Pervaiz Ali , Ghumro Ali Khan , Mahesar Abdul Hameed
Published: April 2021

China and India are interlinked through their civilization, culture, economy, trade, and technology. Their interactions are increasing yet constrained by certain political and territorial disputes. The current state of their relations appears to be disengaged by the events, such as Chinese blockage of Indian entry into NSG (Nuclear Suppliers Group) in 2016, and their military confrontation at Doklam plateau in the year 2017, re-engaged at Wuhan on April 28, 2018, but again dis-engaged due to conflict at Ladakh (Galwan Valley) 2020, shows how their relations have engaged and disengaged. This paper examines how both states have engaged, disengaged, and re-engaged since the Post-Cold War period. The study finds that both countries have huge potential and opportunities to expand and deepen their economic and trade ties not only for their mutual interest but also for the region at large. It concludes that the nature of their relations would remain highly competitive in terms of trade and economy, oil, and energy, gaining status, and influence at the regional and global levels.
Gendered Discourse of Pakistani Parents Regarding Professional Choices for their Children
Authors: Channa Abdul Razaque , Channa Khalid Hussain , Tahir Tayyaba Batool
Published: April 2021

Language plays a vital role in a person's identity construction. This research paper discusses how gender affects language and how responses vary from person to person while addressing the same issues. By drawing upon Cameron's Dominance Model, this research is aimed to present an analysis of variations in responses between male and female participants. It analyses how discourse differs when a group of female participants and a group of male participants talk on similar topics. This study is based on focused group interviews with a group of each gender on parental perceptions about the career of their children. Each group consists of 6-8 participants. Thematic analysis is used as an analytic technique to discover differences between male and female groups while sharing their perceptions. The paper found that gender discourse is shaped by socially dominated gendered norms which consequentially affect children’s careers choice. This research implies that females’ career options are based on the traditional conceptualization of career opportunities which don’t empower them. They also face unequal opportunities to express their opinions or use their voice in daily life decisions and conversations freely.
Assessing Print Media Coverage on Environmental Issues in Pakistan: A Study of Major Newspapers in Pakistan
Authors: Chhachhar Abdul Razaque , Arain Ghulam Shabir , Chandio Dastar Ali
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, Pakistan faces sever environmental problems in spite of existing laws willing to defend the sustainable environment. In today’s environmental crisis, print media has a unique role to play among various stakeholders which consists of policy makers, Government, NGO’s and the public at large level. No one can deny from the role of print media as a source of information about education for millions of readers. There are many newspapers such as national Urdu, English and regional published daily in Pakistan. In Pakistan, media is also divided language with series of media in vernacular languages including Sindhi, Punjabi and Pashto. In this research, the content analysis of three newspapers Daily Dawn, Daily Jang and Daily Kawish was done of 2016, year to check the Length and Frequency of five major environmental issues Water Crisis, Agriculture Crisis, Pollution, Climate change and Deforestation. The data of following issues were analyzed by using tabulations month wise and finally year wise. English newspaper Dawn has given more coverage to these concerned issues, while secondly Urdu Jang newspaper has given coverage and Kawish has covered less number of stories regarding five major environmental issues.
A Critical Evaluation of Female Students’ Inclination towards Higher Studies: A Case Study in the District of Loralai Balochistan
Authors: Khan Muhabat , Kanwal Nosheen , Buriro Ghulam Ali
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to examine the inclination of female students towards higher studies in the Loralai District, Balochistan. The sample of the study was comprised of teachers (N=100) and parents (N=80) from the Loralai, District. The sample was selected through the purposive sampling technique. On behalf of the female students; a questionnaire was designed to make an elicit data from the sample. The collected data was analyzed through t-test. Consistent indicators for low inclination towards higher education were found to be cultural issues, opposition to co-education; low socio-economic status; size of the family, early marriages, distantly situated educational institutions and low parental educational background. Moreover, lack of parental involvement and their differential attitude towards sending their daughters to co-education institutions for higher studies was inversely correlated with female students’ inclination towards higher studies. The implications for solutions were discussed.
Pakistan’s Counter-Terrorism Strategy with Viable Recommendations
Authors: Islam Zahid , Adnan Mubeen , Talpur Musharaf Ali
Published: April 2021

Pakistan has been a victim of terrorist activities for the past two decades. No place has been left out as not only military installations, training centers of law enforcing agencies were targeted but soft belly targets like schools, hospitals, mosques, public parks, courts, hotels and restaurants were also chosen by the terrorists. Pakistan Army is a team of professionals having a mastery at their work have been fighting the menace of terrorism effectively but Army alone cannot control it to the fullest without the will and support of the general public and without a ‘hand & glove’ relation with other facets of the society. The objective of this article is to analyze those factors which gave birth to terrorism in Pakistan. Keeping in mind theoretical nature of the study, secondary data analysis method has been used to argue the issue. This study determines that the military operations are not the only solution to counter terrorism in the Pakistan but public opinion, political will and a close and friendly cooperation and coordination is a must to address the issue. Need of the hour is to take all the political, social and economic stakeholders onboard to tackle the issue, of terrorism bluntly.
Social Axioms: A Traditional Literature Review
Authors: Rasool Aafia , Syeda Shahida Batool
Published: April 2021

The study was conducted to perform a comprehensive overview of the available documented studies on social axioms to identify the relevant literature and research gaps in the field of social axioms. The empirical studies carried out in the different countries that have been classified by publication years, research designs, and methods of studies. The paper presents a review of 72 published articles in journals of the different countries during 2002 to date, thus, an exploration reveals that social axioms play a considerable role in social behaviors and health of individuals, and they function differently in different cultures. This review would be helpful for the future researchers to direct their work towards the significance of social axioms in the different domains of life. Implications of this review have been discussed.
Interconexão entre ciência e política internacional no discurso federal norte-americano na Feira Mundial de Nova-Iorque (1939-1940)
Authors: Almeida Mendes Gabriel , Galluzzi Maria Letícia
Published: April 2021

O trabalho busca evidenciar o forte esforço, e sucesso, no protagonismo do governo federal norte-americano, via ações e discursos no âmbito da Feira Mundial de Nova Iorque 1939-1940, na enfatização de uma nova tradição diplomática de fundas raízes na ciência e em uma nova idéia de solidarismo entre as nações. Os resultados foram obtidos mediante análise de documentos históricos oficiais originais e evidenciam aspectos fundamentais dessa construção, o papel aditivo da conjugação entre esferas governamentais e privadas nessa construção e o uso da americanização científica como elemento de promessas ao mundo gerada para catapultar o processo econômico, político e social de difusão da agenda norte-americana para organismos multilaterais e para configuração de desejos e ações de Estados nacionais.
Jogos poéticos: outras epistemologias
Authors: Ramos de Souza Lucia Helena , Mello de Malta Maria , Nogueira Ferreira Borja Bruno
Published: April 2021

O jogo e a poesia são formas de conhecimento e estão presentes em vários aspectos da vida do ser humano. O jogo é brinquedo sério, e a poesia permeia a vida, como forma de ser e estar no mundo. As experimentações em oficinas do projeto Jogos Poéticos têm confirmado, desde 2012, a possibilidade de acessar esses conhecimentos a partir da experiência da aplicação de um método baseado em ler, jogar e criar. Ler: para ler o mundo e sua poesia, apropriar-se dos poetas e seus tempos históricos para a construir seu próprio corpoético; jogar: o jogo, o brinquedo lúdico, a brincadeira e o desafio; e criar: poemas, artes visuais, performances, ou seja, arte poética. Todas as etapas realizadas de forma individual e coletiva. Uma práxis. Os jogos poéticos confirmam, com a sua trajetória, que se a vida é jogo, só é possível reinventá-la, poeticamente.
O pensamento funcional em Reich: uma contribuição ao método interdisciplinar
Authors: Da Silva Brites Adriana , Kubrusly Ricardo
Published: April 2021

O mundo contemporâneo tem apresentado novos desafios ao saber científico, que não comportam mais um modelo de ciência hegemonica disciplinar. Apesar da interdisciplinaridade já se apresentar como um modelo inovador, e que ajuda a romper as fronteiras entre os saberes, ainda são muitos os desafios encontrados. Este trabalho traz o pensamento funcional reichiano como um aporte para que possamos vislumbrar novos caminhos e soluções para as questões complexas da atualidade/humanidade/ciência. É necessária a reintegração das partes sedimentadas pela visão cartesiana do ser e do mundo, posto que a realidade é total, e um recorte da mesma possui uma função perante o todo, mas não é o todo em si mesmo.
Fake news na ciência: contribuição teórica para o universo conceitual da informação, desinformação e hiperinformação
Authors: Sousa Amanda Moura de , Rosa Luiz Pinguelli
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a natureza conceitual dos termos informação, desinformação e hiperinformação. A discussão se insere no contexto atual de disseminação de informação científica falsa ou inconsistente nas mídias sociais. Para chegar ao objetivo proposto, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica acerca das diferentes abordagens do termo informação, além de algumas abordagens de desinformação, hiperinformação e fake news na ciência. O que se espera é compreender este universo conceitual de modo a delimitar o escopo conceitual envolvido na dinâmica de divulgação de fake news na atualidade.

Palavras-chave: Informação. Desinformação. Fake news.
Chemical composition of PM2.5 in October 2017 Northern California wildfire plumes
Authors: Liang Yutong , Jen Coty N. , Weber Robert J. , Misztal Pawel K. , Goldstein Allen H.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Wildfires have become more common and intense in the
western US over recent decades due to a combination of historical land
management practices and warming climate. Emissions from large-scale fires
now frequently affect populated regions such as the San Francisco Bay Area
during the fall wildfire season, with documented impacts of the resulting
particulate matter on human health. Health impacts of exposure to wildfire
emissions depend on the chemical composition of particulate matter, but the
molecular composition of the real biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA)
that reaches large population centers remains insufficiently characterized.
We took PM2.5 (particles having aerodynamic diameters less than or
equal to 2.5 µm) samples at the University of California, Berkeley
campus (∼ 60 km downwind of the fires) during the October 2017
Northern California wildfires period and analyzed molecular composition of
OA using a two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution
time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC HR-ToF-MS). Sugar-like
compounds were the most abundant component of BBOA, followed by
mono-carboxylic acids, aromatic compounds, other oxygenated compounds, and
terpenoids. The vast majority of compounds detected in smoke have unknown
health impacts. Regression models were trained to predict the saturation vapor pressure and
averaged carbon oxidation state (OSc‾) of detected
compounds. The compounds speciated have a wide volatility distribution and
most of them are highly oxygenated. In addition, time series of primary BBOA
tracers observed in Berkeley were found to be indicative of the types of
plants in the ecosystems burned in Napa and Sonoma, and could be used to
differentiate the regions from which the smoke must have originated.
Commonly used secondary BBOA markers like 4-nitrocatechol were enhanced when
plumes aged, but their very fast formation caused them to have similar
temporal variation as primary BBOA tracers. Using hierarchical clustering
analysis, we classified compounds into seven factors indicative of their sources
and transformation processes, identifying a unique daytime secondary BBOA
factor. Chemicals associated with this factor include multifunctional acids
and oxygenated aromatic compounds. These compounds have high OSc‾, and they are also semi-volatile. We observed no net
particle-phase organic carbon formation, which indicates an approximate
balance between the mass of evaporated organic carbonaceous compounds and the
addition of secondary organic carbonaceous compounds.
A dedicated robust instrument for water vapor generation at low humidity for use with a laser water isotope analyzer in cold and dry polar regions
Authors: Leroy-Dos Santos Christophe , Casado Mathieu , Prié Frédéric , Jossoud Olivier , Kerstel Erik , Farradèche Morgane , Kassi Samir , Fourré Elise , Landais Amaëlle
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Obtaining precise continuous measurements of water vapor isotopic
composition in dry places (polar or high-altitude regions) is an important
challenge. The current limitation is the strong influence of humidity on the
measured water isotopic composition by laser spectroscopy instruments for
low humidity levels (below 3000 ppmv). This problem is addressed by
determining the relationships between humidity and measured
δ18O and δD of known water standards. Here, we present the
development of a robust field instrument able to generate water vapor, down
to 70 ppmv, at very stable humidity levels (average 1σ lower than 10 ppmv). This instrument, operated by a Raspberry interface, can be coupled to
a commercial laser spectroscopy instrument. We checked the stability of the
system as well as its accuracy when expressing the measured isotopic
composition of water vapor on the VSMOW–SLAP (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water – Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) scale. It proved to be highly
stable during autonomous operation over more than 1 year at the East
Antarctic Concordia and Dumont d'Urville stations.
ADHI: the African Database of Hydrometric Indices (1950–2018)
Authors: Tramblay Yves , Rouché Nathalie , Paturel Jean-Emmanuel , Mahé Gil , Boyer Jean-François , Amoussou Ernest , Bodian Ansoumana , Dacosta Honoré , Dakhlaoui Hamouda , Dezetter Alain , Hughes Denis , Hanich Lahoucine , Peugeot Christophe , Tshimanga Raphael , Lachassagne Patrick
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The African continent is probably the one with the lowest density of
hydrometric stations currently measuring river discharge despite the fact
that the number of operating stations was quite important until the 1970s.
This new African Database of Hydrometric Indices (ADHI) provides a wide
range of hydrometric indices and hydrological signatures computed from
different sources of data after a quality control. It includes 1466 stations
with at least 10 years of daily discharge data over the period 1950–2018.
The average record length is 33 years, and 131 stations have complete records
over 50 years. With this new dataset spanning most climatic regions of the
African continent, several hydrometric indices have been computed,
representing mean flow characteristics and extremes (low flows and floods),
and are accessible to the scientific community. The database will be
updated on a regular basis to include more hydrometric stations and longer
time series of river discharge. The ADHI is available for download
at: https://doi.org/10.23708/LXGXQ9 (Tramblay and Rouché,
2020).
A standardized database of Last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level indicators in Southeast Asia
Authors: Maxwell Kathrine , Westphal Hildegard , Rovere Alessio
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Marine Isotope Stage 5e (the Last Interglacial, LIG) represents a process analogue for a warmer world expected for the near future. Analysis of LIG relative sea level (RSL) proxies helps in constraining both regional and global drivers of sea-level change. In Southeast Asia, several studies have reported elevation and age information on LIG RSL proxies, such as fossil coral reef terraces or tidal notches, but a standardized database of such data was hitherto missing. In this paper, we produced such sea-level database using the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS, https://warmcoasts.eu/world-atlas.html). Overall, we screened and reviewed 14 studies on LIG sea-level indicators in Southeast Asia, from which we report 43 unique RSL proxies (42 coral reef terraces and one tidal notch), that were correlated to 134 dated samples. The database compiled in this study (Maxwell et al., 2021) is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681325.
Analytical solution for residual stress and strain preserved in anisotropic inclusion entrapped in an isotropic host
Authors: Zhong Xin , Dabrowski Marcin , Jamtveit Bjørn
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Raman elastic thermobarometry has recently been applied in many
petrological studies to recover the pressure and temperature (P–T) conditions of
mineral inclusion entrapment. Existing modelling methods in petrology either
adopt an assumption of a spherical, isotropic inclusion embedded in an
isotropic, infinite host or use numerical techniques such as the finite-element
method to simulate the residual stress and strain state preserved in the
non-spherical anisotropic inclusions. Here, we use the Eshelby solution to
develop an analytical framework for calculating the residual stress and
strain state of an elastically anisotropic, ellipsoidal inclusion in an
infinite, isotropic host. The analytical solution is applicable to any class
of inclusion symmetry and an arbitrary inclusion aspect ratio. Explicit
expressions are derived for some symmetry classes, including tetragonal,
hexagonal, and trigonal. The effect of changing the aspect ratio on residual stress is investigated,
including quartz, zircon, rutile, apatite, and diamond inclusions in garnet
host. Quartz is demonstrated to be the least affected, while rutile is the
most affected. For prolate quartz inclusion (c axis longer than a axis), the
effect of varying the aspect ratio on Raman shift is demonstrated to be
insignificant. When c/a=5, only ca. 0.3 cm−1 wavenumber variation is
induced as compared to the spherical inclusion shape. For oblate quartz
inclusions, the effect is more significant, when c/a=0.5, ca. 0.8 cm−1
wavenumber variation for the 464 cm−1 band is induced compared to the
reference spherical inclusion case. We also show that it is possible to fit
an effective ellipsoid to obtain a proxy for the averaged residual
stress or strain within a faceted inclusion. The difference between the
volumetrically averaged stress of a faceted inclusion and the analytically
calculated stress from the best-fitted effective ellipsoid is calculated to
obtain the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) for quartz, zircon, rutile,
apatite, and diamond inclusions in garnet host. Based on the results of 500 randomly generated (a wide range of aspect ratio and random
crystallographic orientation) faceted inclusions, we show that the
volumetrically averaged stress serves as an excellent stress measure and the
associated RMSD is less than 2 %, except for diamond, which has a systematically
higher RMSD (ca. 8 %). This expands the applicability of the analytical
solution for any arbitrary inclusion shape in practical Raman measurements.
Brief communication: Weak control of snow avalanche deposit volumes by paths morphological characteristics
Authors: Kern Hippolyte , Eckert Nicolas , Jomelli Vincent , Grancher Delphine , Deschatres Michael , Arnaud-Fassetta Gilles
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Snow avalanches are a major component of the mountain cryosphere, but little is known about the factors controlling the variability of their deposit volumes. This study investigates the influence of morphological characteristics on c. 1500 deposit volumes recorded between 2003 and 2018 in 77 snow avalanche paths of the French Alps. Different statistical techniques show a slight but significant link between deposit volumes and path mean elevation and orientation, with contrasted patterns between winter and spring seasons. The weakness, partially non-linear nature of this control may result from the combined influence on the genesis of deposit volumes of mean path activity, climate conditions and mechanical thresholds determining avalanche release.
Sosyolojik Kontekstte Moderniteye Dair İki Tez: Kopuş Mu Süreklilik Mi?
Authors: GÜNGÖRMEZ AKOSMAN Bengül
Published: April 2021

In this study, some theses about modernity, which is the main research object of sociology, will be discussed. Not all theses on modernity will be discussed. Because within the bounds of such an article, it is not possible to express all the discussions about modernity in the literature. In this paper we will try to sum up two theses on modernity in sociological context. After evaluating the historical and etymologic origin of the concept of modernity, the first of the discussions we will approach is about the fact that modernity symbolizes a break from the past and that it is unique. For the first discussion in this study, the views of two thinkers, Jürgen Habermas and Hans Blumenberg, will be expressed. The second thesis on modernity argues modernity’s continuity with the past and its historicity. The views of some of the thinkers who defended the latter will also be discussed. These thinkers are Karl Löwith, Jacob Taubes, Carl Schmitt, Eric Voegelin and Michael Gillespie, respectively. As sociologist Giddens has said, “sociology is the science of modernity”. In this context, theses on modernity, and essence of modernity set a theoretical and intellectual framework for today's sociologist's research on society. Therefore, at the end of the study, the contribution of philosophical debates on modernity to sociology will be evaluated additionally.
Yol Ayrımında Bir Sosyalist: Kemal Tahir’de Marxizm ve Sosyalizm
Authors: ÇINAR Ali Can
Published: April 2021

In this study, Kemal Tahir's thoughts on Marxism and socialism are discussed in comparison with the left orthodoxy of the 1960s. The main motivating factor for the study is that Kemal Tahir's distinctive features from the orthodoxy of the period in terms of his thoughts on Marxism and socialism and the emphasis on his criticism will make an important contribution to the literature. Therefore, it focuses on the question “What are the features that differentiate Kemal Tahir's view of Marxism and socialism from his contemporary intellectuals?”. Due to the characteristics of his intellectual heritage, the study has been prepared through the literature review based on careful examination of primary sources and the comparative method that provides determining the context of the data. The main argument put forward by the study is that what makes Kemal Tahir original and different in terms of his thoughts and criticisms is his understanding of Marxism in particular, and of science or scientific way of thinking in general sense. From the point of the socialist thoughts and movements, this study that presents the left orthodoxy of the 1960s on issues such as Marxism, socialism, society, the issue of development, the strategy of power and the envisioned socialist order within a theoretical and conceptual framework consisting of “high modernism”, “scientism” and “political religions” contains the ideas of the party and opinion leaders of the three most representative and influential formations of the 1960s: Turkish Labour Party, National Democratic Revolution Movement and Yön (Destination) Movement. While Kemal Tahir's thoughts differ from these formations at some certain points, it should also be emphasized that despite all its differences, they have a paradigmatic similarity with the orthodoxy of the period in terms of her modernization strategy based on the distinction between culture and civilization.
Performance Evaluation of Tractor Operated Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Clove Planter
Authors: Shubham Zilpilwar  , Rajvir Yadav
Published: April 2021

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important foreign exchange earner for India. The farmers generally plant garlic by manual method, which is labour intensive and time consuming. A tractor-operated garlic clove planter was developed and evaluated for its performance in the field. The average wheel slip, draft and average depth of seed placement by the developed planter were 6.93 %, 289.83 kg, and 42.1 mm, respectively. The average seed spacing, miss index, multiple index, quality of feed index, seed rate and seed metering efficiency for GG-4 and GG-5 garlic varieties were 99.4 mm, 6.12 %, 7.91 %, 85.96 %, 377 kg.ha-1; and 96.35 % and 99.9 mm, 4.58 %, 6.07 %, 89.34 %, 443 kg.ha-1, and 96.75 %, respectively during field tests. The effective field capacity and field efficiency of the developed planter were 0.33 ha.h-1 and 80.33; 0.32 ha.h-1 and 79.02 %, respectively, for GG-4 and GG-5 garlic seeds. The cost of planting by the developed planter with operational cost of tractor was ` 553.63 per hour (` 1677.67 per ha), and was less as compared to available planting machineries for garlic.