bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choroidal Vascularity Index and Treatment Outcomes in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Patients with Macular Edema
Authors: Choi Ju Won , Kim Kyoung Lae , Park Sung Pyo , Kim Yong-Kyu
Published: October 2023

Purpose: To explore the association between the visual and anatomical outcomes and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) post-intravitreal injection in patients with macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of 50 patients (27 eyes treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and 23 eyes treated with a dexamethasone implant) with BRVO and macular edema who underwent intravitreal injections from January 2017 to October 2020. We measured the central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness, and CVI of the BRVO eyes and the fellow eyes using optical coherence tomography and then analyzed the correlation between these measurements and visual and anatomical outcomes.Results: After six months of treatment, the best corrected visual acuity improved, and CMT decreased. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that factors associated with best corrected visual acuity improvement at six months were fellow eye CVI (standardized β = 0.346, p = 0.008), ellipsoid zone integrity (standardized β = 0.398, p = 0.001), and initial best corrected visual acuity (standardized β = 0.590, p < 0.001). Initial CMT (standardized β = 0.563, p < 0.001) was the only factor associated with the decrease in CMT at six months.Conclusions: In cases of severe macular edema, accurate evaluation of choroidal vessels can be challenging due to shadowing. We discovered that a larger CVI in the fellow eye was associated with greater visual improvement in patients with BRVO and macular edema. CVI could be a prognostic factor for predicting treatment outcomes in BRVO patients, suggesting that the choroidal vascular status may play a role in the pathophysiology of BRVO.
Functional Movement Analysis in 11-13 Age Group Football Players: Total Score, Asymmetries, and Technical Skill Tests
Authors: GÜNGÖR Enes , BAYDEMİR Barış
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between Functional Movement Scores (FMS) and technical skills in 11-13-year-old football players undergoing basic training in football schools and various youth academies, as well as identifying any asymmetries. A total of 180 football players aged between 11 and 13 participated in the research. The participants were subjected to measurements including height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), FMS, Yeagley Soccer Test, and Short Dribbling Test. The data obtained were analyzed using a statistical software package. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the football players. Spearman Rank Differences correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between functional movement analysis results and technical skills according to age groups. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was conducted to identify asymmetries in football players. The significance level was set at 0.05. The results of the study indicate that athletes with higher FMS scores also performed better in football skills tests. Furthermore, it was found that there were asymmetries in the movement patterns of 11 and 13-year-old football players, except for Rotatory Stability scores, with left asymmetry scores being lower than right asymmetry scores.
Exploring Attitudes Towards Healthy Nutrition Among Athletes In Diverse Disciplines
Authors: MURATHAN Gamze
Published: October 2023

Nutritional awareness and healthy eating are vital aspects for the well-being of society, quality of life, and disease prevention. This study assessed the attitudes of athletes towards healthy nutrition and explored the impact of various factors, such as age, gender, and sports discipline, on such attitudes. A quantitative research approach and descriptive survey method were used. A total of 492 athletes participated in the study, including 287 males and 203 females. The athletes were licensed to participate in different sports disciplines in the Adıyaman province during the 2022-2023 season. The Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) was used to collect data. The scale's validity and reliability were established by Tekkurşun-Demir et al. (2019). It was complemented by a personal information questionnaire detailing the athletes' sociodemographic characteristics. The results showed that the athletes had a moderate level of attitude towards healthy nutrition, with an average score of 62.95. A positive correlation was detected between the athletes' age and their healthy nutrition attitude scores, with a moderate correlation coefficient of r = 0.533, p=0,221. The study underscores the significance of regular physical activity in enhancing athletes' healthy nutrition attitudes. The research also highlights that skipping meals has a detrimental effect on healthy nutrition attitudes among athletes, emphasizing the importance of regular and balanced meal consumption to maintain a positive attitude towards healthy nutrition.
An Analytical Study on the Trend of Webtoon Research Using Text Mining and Network Analysis
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, NA YunBin
Published: October 2023

This study conducted text mining and network analysis for the purpose of analyzing webtoon research trends. Analysis data were collected from articles and research assignments in RISS and NTIS. As a result of the analysis, keywords such as storytelling, cultural contents, OSMU, and transmedia appeared with high frequency in articles. And it was classified into a total of 6 topics, including IP development. This was interpreted as subdividing the scope and methodology within the mainstream research for the purpose of creating added value, but there is a bias in the research topic. In the task, keywords such as artificial intelligence, content, platform, and data appeared with high frequency. And it was classified into a total of 4 topics including image computing. Application technology development using generative artificial intelligence occupied the main project, and policy supplementation, such as copyright protection, should be established together.
A Study on the Operation of Art Convergence Education in Higher Education Institutions in Korea
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Hwang Eunji
Published: October 2023

This paper is based on the recent changes and trends in convergence education trends that focus on art. The goal is to closely investigate and analyze the current status of art convergence education for all higher education institutions in Korea and provide basic data on determining how to operate it. As a research method, the process of conducting a typification process, determining the subject of the investigation according to the third level of screening criteria, and collecting data using online and offline were conducted. In particular. I focused on materials in four fields literature, art, music, and movies. As a result, contents such as ‘the trend of expanding the opening of convergence departments and convergence departments’, ‘the existence of many curricula for the operation of culture and arts educators’, and ‘the dominance of literature-led art convergence education cases’ were confirmed. It is time to listen to the voices of the art community demanding a change in the approach of convergence education, and reflect on and enhance the behavior of opening competitive convergence education in a simple way.
A Study on Conversational Context Sensitivity Development Education
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Baik Jeongyi , Goo Youngsan
Published: October 2023

This study focused on the context as the cause of communicators’ misunderstandings or insufficient grasps of events in conversations. We suggested that learners should actively and elaborately utilize the conversation context through classroom experiences dealing with conversational context. Contextualizing activity was highlighted as a constructive expressive and understanding act of learners, context sensitivity was presented as an object of the activity, and oral communication context for education was explored and displayed as a model. Continually, through conversation analysis in drama, we described characters who are and are not contextually sensitive: objective information about the interlocutor, information based on the relationship, background knowledge related to the conversation, and clues of conversation situation. Learners' doing contextualizing and cultivating context sensitivity with texts including authentic context, can help deepen their understanding of you and me, beyond understanding language and its mechanism.
A Study on the Description and Education of Connective Endings in the “Korean Language and Korean Culture” Textbook
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Wang Xiaotong , Lee Raeho
Published: October 2023

This study examined the presentation and description of the connective endings of the textbook “Korean Language and Korean Culture” for the purpose of social integration, and proposed the selection, description, and method of education of the connective endings. Chapter 2 revealed that a total of 45 connective endings were presented in “Korean Language and Korean Culture”, analyzed the characteristics and descriptive aspects of the form presentation of these connective endings, and examined the lack of syntactic and pragmatic descriptions in this textbook. In Chapter 3, based on the results discussed in Chapter 2, the selection and the description of connective endings were proposed to supplement the “Korean Language and Korean Culture” textbook in the future. Chapter 4 introduced Gagné's nine class situations in terms of the education of the connective endings and then presented educational procedures in line with the purpose of social integration.
Research on the Development of a Culture: Based Early Childhood Teacher Education Program
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Choi Euna , koh Heeseon
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a culture-based teacher education program to enhance the aesthetic sensitivity of early childhood teachers. First, literature reviews and previous studies were analyzed to derive basic data Second, we collected basic data for program development through big data analysis and expert and teacher needs analysis. Third, we conducted an expert appropriateness review of the program development draft. The program presented goals, organization strategies, and teaching strategies. A total of nine sessions were developed with three themes of 'I, you, and we' and detailed operational plans were presented. The significance of this study is that it presented the direction, content, and implementation of a program to cultivate the aesthetic and emotional competence of early childhood teachers.
Comparative Aanalysis of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Tug of War: Focusing on Cambodia, the Philippines, and Vietnam
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Nam Kyongho
Published: October 2023

In this study, the historical background, meaning, performance process, and characteristics of the three kingdoms tug-of-war developed in rice farming were compared by exploring tug-of-war in Cambodia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. First, Cambodia, the Philippines, and Vietnam have valued rice farming since BC, and each of the three countries has been steadily passing down tug-of-war based on different historical backgrounds and meanings. Second, all three countries valued rice farming, so they performed tug-of-war after the Lunar New Year and Lunar New Year, or divided the village into two, and all the villagers participated in their own line to pray for a good harvest. Third, although the country and culture are different, there is a common long-standing tradition of tug-of-war in regions that value rice farming.
A Case Study on Writing a Self-introduction Letter in University Liberal Education Using ChatGPT
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Lee JiYoung
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a case analysis of writing self-introductions using ChatGPT was conducted to examine the new writing experience and its effects. Learners conducted self-inquiry through the following question strategies: ① Understanding and gathering information about the job ② Exploring personal tendencies and experiential factors ③ Checking alignment and expression ④ Identifying problem situations and seeking advice and evaluation for resolution. In terms of learning responses, learners evaluated ChatGPT's functionality positively, citing that it: ① Offers not only directed solutions but also extended knowledge and information; ② Assists in reflecting individual unique traits and capabilities; ③ Effectively aids in exploring one's social identity.
Based on this, the researchers concluded that the utilization of interactive artificial intelligence is meaningful in expanding self-directed learning experiences through collaboration to solve problems, rather than passively assimilating conventional structured knowledge or information. Collaborating with conversational artificial intelligence can facilitate a novel self-understanding and introduce a new writing experience that demands critical and analytical thinking towards the generated texts.
A Study on the Analysis of Banksy’s Artworks through the Peirce’s Semiotic Methodology: Focused on the Graffiti Works
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Sa Hwangyu , Chun Hyejung
Published: October 2023

Focusing on the triadic structural model of Peirce’s semiotics, this paper analyzes the characteristics of visual signs in Banksy's graffiti works and how the signs are signified and accepted by viewers to reveal that Peirce’s semiotics is one of the suitable methodologies for analyzing contemporary art. Banksy's four works were selected as research subjects, and an analysis model that applied the triadic structure of Peirce’s semiotics - Representamen, Object, and Interpretant - was applied as a research method. As a result of analyzing Banksy's works, , ,  and , various interpretations were derived, including the wishes of the world for anti-war and peace, criticism of racism and capitalism etc. As a result of this research, this paper analyzes the sign system and signification of Banksy's works by applying Peirce's triadic structural model, and reveals that Peirce's semiotics is suitable for the interpretation of artworks based on the image symbols of graffiti.
Effects of Mindset on Resilience: Mediating Effect of Grit and Controlling Effect of Academic Efficacy
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Park SongIe , Jeong Dukhyun
Published: October 2023

In This study was designed to verify whether grit mediates the effect of mindset on resilience in writing liberal arts classes for college students and to verify the moderating effect of academic efficacy on the mediating model. In order to achieve this purpose, a research model was derived by considering previous studies. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, it has been verified that grit mediates the effect of the growth mindset on resilience. Second, it was found that some pathways were controlled by academic efficacy. This shows that in order to increase the satisfaction of writing liberal arts classes, efforts should be made to support learners' mindsets and grits together with academic efficacy. The implications of this study are meaningful in that they consider the theoretical basis for teaching and learning support in writing classes.
Qualitative Study on ‘IA Image’ Discourse: Focusing on Critical Discourse Analysis of YouTube Video Comments
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Park Byeungab
Published: October 2023

This study analyzed Internet comment discourse on ‘AI images’ using generative artificial intelligence to find out what subjective perceptions and meanings actual recipients share and how they form discourse. We also sought to gain understanding for the development of convergent knowledge in the design field. To this end, text analysis, discourse performance analysis, and sociocultural practice analysis were conducted according to Fairclough's critical discourse analysis method. As a result, the 'AI image discourse' in our society competes with the 'discourse of fear' created by the media and the 'discourse of expectations' created by recipients, and at the base of it, the 'discourse of artistry' centered on criticism of modern art coexists. was able to find out, and based on this, implications and implications were revealed.
A Study on the Phenomenon in Development of Digital Art Therapy Program Using Roblox: Focusing on the Development Site to Prevent Burnout of New Nurses
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Lee Hyunjung
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore various elements and characteristics inherent in the phenomenon that occurred in the process of developing digital art therapy program through participatory observation. To this end, this researcher, an art therapist, participated in the development of art therapy program using Roblox for the purpose of preventing the burnout of new nurses. The research data were collected around interview data, minutes, researcher's observation diary, video data, and image data had derived from the development process for a total of four months from October 2021 to January 2022, and the facts were described and interpreted through transcription. The phenomenon of program development was analyzed in aspects of objective, content, subjective, methodological, political, and design. It is expected that this study will be used as premilary data for development of digital art therapy programs that require multidisciplinary collaboration and convergence.
A Study on Writing Experience with ChatGPT of College Students
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kiy Heasun
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study is to investigate college students' experiences with using ChatGPT for writing assignments and explore the possibilities of AI-based writing education. To achieve it, students were guided to utilize ChatGPT while performing their writing assignments, and their experiences with the usage were investigated. Among the 59 participating students, 76% utilized ChatGPT during their writing assignments. The majority of them find that it is most beneficial during the ideation phase of the writing process. While ChatGPT proved advantageous for exploring information relevant to their topics. But the assistance in composing longer texts, such as paragraphs, received less responses. The integration of ChatGPT in writing assignments led students to gain insights into new technologies and societal changes. Students collaborated with it to identify errors and make corrections, which prompted them to contemplate their roles as authors and underscored the significance of background knowledge, critical reading, and questioning strategies in the writing process.
A Study of Convergence in-between Genres of Contemporary Fine Arts: Focused on the Comparison Ki-Woong Park and My Recent Practices
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Lee Dongsuk
Published: October 2023

This thesis compares and analysis the methodical difference between the artist Ki-Woong Park and I, who are commonly exercising convergence skills. The consilience theory is to unite the governing power of Universe, surrounding every culture, and social aspects. The meaning is to be one from the meanings of ‘jumping together of knowledge’, ‘meaning communication’ or ‘consilience’ of the philosophy, ethics and comparative religion and the arts. Ki-Woong Park installs interesting instructive message through ‘Shakespeare’ series combined by painting, sculpture, metal craft and stage arts. Broadly, my arts are to be combined by the painting and installation with various materials and objects. To remember the original location place; ‘Trace’ series, drawing and tracing skills are commonly used; illusion plus objects ‘Time’ series; nature artificial and human combined ‘Life’ series are created. If the method of consilience of Park’s is to describe directly the story from the play, mine is to hide it with symbolic objects as the development from painting genre.
Qualitative Meta-Analysis of Transitions in Early Childhood Special Education to Elementary School for Children with Disabilities: Focusing on Experiences of a Preschool Special Education Teacher and Daycare Teacher for Children with Disability
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Park Byoung Sook
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze the experiences and support requirements of teachers during the transition process of children with disabilities to elementary school and to provide practical support strategies for future elementary school transition support. To achieve this, a qualitative meta-analysis was conducted using Nobit & Hare's (1988) sevenstep qualitative meta-analysis method on five qualitative research articles involving special education teachers who have experienced the transition of children with disabilities to elementary school and daycare teachers for children with disabilities published in South Korea. As a result, two overarching categories, namely “Experiences of Elementary School Transition Support” and “Support Requirements for Elementary School Transition Support”, were identified, consisting of five subcategories and 13 main content areas under these categories. Each main content area is presented with relevant citations. Finally, based on the results, practical support strategies for elementary school transition support are proposed through discussion, along with recommendations for future research.
ON THE DARK SIDE OF REDUCING TRANSACTION COSTS: DEVELOPMENT, EFFICIENCY, COMMUNICATION
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, KUSHNIR A.M. ,   A. N. Kosygin Russian State University (Technology. Design. Art),   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT)
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the modern features of transaction costs and their impact on the efficiency of the economy. Based on the analysis of different approaches to the phenomenon of transaction costs the following conclusions were argued in the article. 1. The transition from the Gutenberg galaxy to the Zuckerberg galaxy has led to a decrease in some transaction costs and an increase in other transaction costs. 2. Algorithms of digital platforms significantly predetermine consumer choice. 3. The labor market will be in constant flux. This will lead to a significant increase in switching costs for many professionals. 4. Reduced trust and loyalty to digital technologies is in some measure related to the loss of face-to-face contact. 5. Reduced transaction costs are perceived not only as a boon, but also as: A threat to sustainable everyday practices, a prerequisite for reduced market competition, increased risks and crisis shocks in business and cybersecurity, increased bureaucracy in state institutions and corporations, increased property and information inequalities.
An Intracranial Hemorrhage Complication: Terson Syndrome
Authors: Işık Muhammet İkbal , Cuce Ferhat , Taşar Mustafa
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Vitreous hemorrhage associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage is known as Terson's Syndrome (TS). However, it is also seen in the literature in cases of traumatic brain injury or intracranial hemorrhage. Management of visual manifestations is necessary in patients with intracranial hemorrhage.
A vitreous hemorrhage was found in the evaluation made due to visual symptoms in a patient who presented to the emergency department with intracranial hemorrhage. In addition to clinical findings, imaging techniques have an important place in the diagnosis of TS. Vitreous hemorrhage findings can be detected with imaging studies such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
In this case, the diagnostic findings and the importance of diagnosis in CT and MRI examinations in a patient with TS will be discussed. The purpose of this case report is to share the imaging findings of TS.

References
1. Fahmy JA. Vitreous haemorrhage in subarachnoid haemorrhage - Terson’s syndrome: report of a case with macular degeneration as a complication. Acta Ophthalmologica 2009; 50:137–143.
2. Issiaka M, Mchachi A, Rachid R, Belhadji MEL, Mahazou I, Banao M. Terson syndrome: two case reports. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2022; 90:106700.
3. Czorlich P, Skevas C, Knospe V et al. Terson syndrome in subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. Neurosurg Rev 2015; 38:129–136.
4. Fountas KN, Kapsalaki EZ, Lee GP et al. Terson hemorrhage in patients suffering aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: predisposing factors and prognostic significance. JNS 2008; 109:439–444.
5. Frizzell RT, Morris R. Screening for ocular hemorrhages in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms: a prospective study of 99 patients. 1997; 41:6.
6. Manschot WA. Subarachnoid hemorrhage. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1954; 38:501–505.
7. Iuliano L, Fogliato G, Codenotti M. Intrasurgical imaging of subinternal limiting membrane blood diffusion in Terson syndrome. Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2014; 2014:1–3.
8. Czorlich P, Burkhardt T, Knospe V et al. Ocular ultrasound as an easy applicable tool for detection of Terson’s syndrome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. PLoS ONE 2014; 9:e114907.
9. Kapoor S. Terson syndrome: an often overlooked complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage. World Neurosurgery 2014; 81:e4.
An Algebraic Methodology for Generalizing the Lorentz Transformation Through Quartic Equation Solutions and f(z) gravitational theory
Authors: CHEN WEN-XIANG
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to construct the Lagrangian function using the radical solutions of a quartic equation. By examining the generalized coordinates $q$ and velocities $\dot{q}$ expressed through the radical solutions of the quartic equation, we delve into the relationship between the roots of the quartic equation and the Lorentz transformation. Our findings suggest a potential algebraic generalization of the Lorentz transformation, shedding light on the mathematical structures underpinning relativistic physics. This paper presents the construction of an action that resembles an algebraic structure in f(z) gravity. We were able to reconstruct the algebraic structure of the f(z) gravitational theory.
Application of resistance trainer for dynamic mechanical properties of conjugated polymer materials in daily physical strength tensile training
Authors: Hu Wei
Published: October 2023

Resistance training is an important means to improve human function and health level, and tensile training, as an important form, has significant effects on enhancing muscle strength, improving body flexibility, and promoting body coordination. Tensile training can provide external resistance through the use of resistance trainers, allowing muscle groups to work under load. This load stimulation can gradually promote muscle adaptation and enhancement. This article took conjugated polymer materials as the research object. By analyzing and testing their dynamic mechanical properties, the mechanical response characteristics of polyacetylene materials were analyzed using strain rate functions. The mechanical properties and deformation behavior of polyacetylene materials under different conditions were evaluated. It was found that conjugated polymer materials had good strength, elasticity, and wear resistance, making them suitable for making resistance trainers. The experimental results indicated that this study used a conjugated polymer material resistance trainer to train the testing personnel for a period of 3 months. During this training period, the tester’s endurance increased by 21%–29%, flexibility increased by 17%–25%, and explosive power increased by 24%–31%. The research results indicated that conjugated polymer materials had good plasticity and adjustability in the preparation of resistance training devices. Resistance devices of different shapes, sizes, and intensities can be prepared according to the needs and purposes of trainers, providing diverse and personalized choices for daily physical tensile training. The conjugated polymer material resistance trainer has significant effects and can effectively improve the physical fitness of testers. In addition, conjugated polymer materials exhibit excellent tensile performance and durability in resistance training, which can effectively meet the needs and requirements of trainers.
Risk factors and outcome associated with coinfection with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumanii: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Sophonsri Anthony , Kelsom Corey , Lou Mimi , Nieberg Paul , Wong-Beringer Annie
Published: October 2023

Background

Nearly 30% of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) were previously shown to be coinfected with carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) or Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). Infections caused by multiple carbapenem-resistant pathogens present significant challenge to infection control and therapeutic management. The study objective was to identify risk factors for acquisition of multiple carbapenem-resistant pathogens and associated outcomes.

Methods

A descriptive analysis of adults infected with either CRKP alone or coinfected with CRPA or CRAB was performed. Patient groups were compared on demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome.

Results

86 patients with CRKP monoinfection and 60 patients with coinfections were evaluated. Respiratory tract was the predominant infection site for coinfected patients involving mostly CRPA whereas urinary tract was the primary site for CRKP-only group. More coinfected patients were severely debilitated, had prior carbapenem exposure (37% vs 13%, p<0.001) and history of pneumonia in the past year (67% vs 41%, p<0.01). More coinfected patients required direct ICU admission (45% vs 27%, p=0.02) and had prolonged length of stay (median 15 vs 10 days, p<0.01) than the CRKP-only group but mortality rates (18% vs 16%) were similar.

Conclusions

CRKP coinfection with another carbapenem-resistant pathogen adds significant morbidity and healthcare burden overall. Empiric therapy with reliable activity against both CRKP and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be prudent for at risk patients with pneumonia.
Proteomic analyses of smear-positive/negative tuberculosis patients uncover differential antigen-presenting cell activation and lipid metabolism
Authors: Ju Yingjiao , Jin Chengji , Chen Shan , Wang Jie , Li Cuidan , Wang Xiaotong , Wang Peihan , Yue Liya , Jiang Xiaoyuan , Tuohetaerbaike Bahetibieke , Li Ying , Sheng Yongjie , Qimanguli Wushou’er , Wang Jing , Chen Fei
Published: October 2023

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, ranking as the second most lethal infectious disease following COVID-19. Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis (SNPT) and Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (SPPT) are two common types of pulmonary tuberculosis characterized by distinct bacterial loads. To date, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the differences between SNPT and SPPT patients remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to utilize proteomics analysis for identifying specific protein signatures in the plasma of SPPT and SNPT patients and further elucidate the molecular mechanisms contributing to different disease pathogenesis.

Methods

Plasma samples from 27 SPPT, 37 SNPT patients and 36 controls were collected and subjected to TMT-labeled quantitative proteomic analyses and targeted GC-MS-based lipidomic analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was then performed to uncover enriched pathways and functionals of differentially expressed proteins.

Results

Proteomic analysis uncovered differential protein expression profiles among the SPPT, SNPT, and Ctrl groups, demonstrating dysfunctional immune response and metabolism in both SPPT and SNPT patients. Both groups exhibited activated innate immune responses and inhibited fatty acid metabolism, but SPPT patients displayed stronger innate immune activation and lipid metabolic inhibition compared to SNPT patients. Notably, our analysis uncovered activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in SNPT patients but inhibited APCs in SPPT patients, suggesting their critical role in determining different bacterial loads/phenotypes in SNPT and SPPT. Furthermore, some specific proteins were detected to be involved in the APC activation/acquired immune response, providing some promising therapeutic targets for TB.

Conclusion

Our study provides valuable insights into the differential molecular mechanisms underlying SNPT and SPPT, reveals the critical role of antigen-presenting cell activation in SNPT for effectively clearing the majority of Mtb in bodies, and shows the possibility of APC activation as a novel TB treatment strategy.
Impact of gut microbiome on serum IgG4 levels in the general population: Shika-machi super preventive health examination results
Authors: Koshida Aoi , Karashima Shigehiro , Ogura Kohei , Miyajima Yuna , Ogai Kazuhiro , Mizoguchi Ren , Ikagawa Yasuo , Hara Satoshi , Mizushima Ichiro , Fujii Hiroshi , Kawano Mitsuhiro , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Hara Akinori , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Okamoto Shigefumi
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) is a member of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass, a protein involved in immunity to pathogens and the body’s resistance system. IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) are intractable diseases in which IgG4 levels in the blood are elevated, causing inflammation in organs such as the liver, pancreas, and salivary glands. IgG4-RD are known to be more prevalent in males than in females, but the etiology remains to be elucidated. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and serum IgG4 levels in the general population.

Methods

In this study, the relationship between IgG4 levels and GM evaluated in male and female groups of the general population using causal inference. The study included 191 men and 207 women aged 40 years or older from Shika-machi, Ishikawa. GM DNA was analyzed for the 16S rRNA gene sequence using next-generation sequencing. Participants were bifurcated into high and low IgG4 groups, depending on median serum IgG4 levels.

Results

ANCOVA, Tukey’s HSD, linear discriminant analysis effect size, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model, and correlation analysis revealed that Anaerostipes, Lachnospiraceae, Megasphaera, and [Eubacterium] hallii group were associated with IgG4 levels in women, while Megasphaera, [Eubacterium] hallii group, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus.1, and Romboutsia were associated with IgG4 levels in men. Linear non-Gaussian acyclic model indicated three genera, Megasphaera, [Eubacterium] hallii group, and Anaerostipes, and showed a presumed causal association with IgG4 levels in women.

Discussion

This differential impact of the GM on IgG4 levels based on sex is a novel and intriguing finding.
Incidence and predictors of recurrent acute coronary syndrome among adult patients with acute coronary syndrome in West Amhara, Ethiopia: a multicenter retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Alamaw Addis Wondmagegn , Asefa Tseganesh , Abebe Gebremeskel Kibret , Zemariam Alemu Birara , Liyew Bikis
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Furthermore, the recurrence of this problem has significant adverse outcomes. However, there is insufficient information pertaining to this problem in Ethiopia; hence, this study aims to assess the incidence rate and identify the predictors of ACS recurrence in the West Amhara region.

Methods

A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 469 patients diagnosed with primary ACS. Data from the patient chart were collected using a pre-tested structured data extraction tool. The study employed the Weibull regression analysis model, and the effect size was measured using an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical significance of the findings was established based on a p-value <0.05.

Result

A total of 429 patients were included in the final analysis [average age, 60 ± 13.9 years; and 245 (57.1%) men]. A total of 53 patients (12.35%; 95% CI: 9.55%–15.83%) experienced recurrent ACS. The overall risk time was found to be 93,914 days (3,130.47 months), and the recurrence rate was 17/1,000 patients/month. The identified predictors were the typical symptoms of ACS such as syncope (HR: 3.54, p = 0.013), fatigue (HR: 5.23, p < 0.001), history of chronic kidney disease (HR: 8.22, p < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction of <40% (HR: 2.34, p = 0.009), not taking in-hospital treatments [aspirin (HR: 9.22, p < 0.001), clopidogrel (HR: 4.11, p = 0.001), statins (HR: 2.74, p = 0.012)], and medication at discharge [statins (HR: 4.56, p < 0.001)].

Conclusion

This study found a higher incidence rate of recurrent ACS. Hence, the implementation of guideline-recommended anti-ischemic treatment should be strengthened.
Machine-learning models to predict P- and S-wave velocity profiles for Japan as an example
Authors: Kim Jisong , Kang Jae-Do , Kim Byungmin
Published: October 2023

Wave velocity profiles are significant for various fields, including rock engineering, petroleum engineering, and earthquake engineering. However, direct measurements of wave velocities are often constrained by time, cost, and site conditions. If wave velocity measurements are unavailable, they need to be estimated based on other known proxies. This paper proposes machine learning (ML) approaches to predict the compression and shear wave velocities (VP and VS, respectively) in Japan. We utilize borehole databases from two seismograph networks of Japan: Kyoshin Network (K-NET) and Kiban Kyoshin Network (KiK-net). We consider various factors such as depth, N-value, density, slope angle, elevation, geology, soil/rock type, and site coordinates. We use three ML techniques: Gradient Boosting (GB), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to develop predictive models for both VP and VS and evaluate the performances of the models based on root mean squared errors and the five-fold cross-validation method. The GB-based model provides the best estimation of VP and VS for both seismograph networks. Among the considered factors, the depth, standard penetration test (SPT) N-value, and density have the strongest influence on the wave velocity estimation for K-NET. For KiK-net, the depth and site longitude have the strongest influence. The study confirms the applicability of commonly used machine-learning techniques in predicting wave velocities, and implies that exploring additional factors will enhance the performance.
Sandy aquifer collapse mechanism and accident treatment of the Qingdao metro tunnel
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Wang Zaiquan , Zhang Weiguo , Liu Sijia
Published: October 2023

The tunnel collapse occurred during the construction of the Qingdao Metro Line Ⅰ, resulting in a pit measuring approximately 10 m in diameter and 7 m in depth on the ground surface. The collapse inflicted substantial economic losses, casualties, and subsequent disruptions to ongoing construction activities. To clarify the causes of this collapse and investigate the underlying factors, a comprehensive approach combining field surveys and numerical simulations was undertaken. The results show that the collapse was primarily attributed to inadequate support when facing the challenging geological conditions, poor surrounding rocks (Grade VI) and a high volume of groundwater. The combination of abundant water and sand seeped into the tunnel, culminating in a catastrophic ground collapse. Notably, the arch roof experienced extensive deformation and damage due to the significant seepage pressure, which was exacerbated by the absence of timely support. Then, ground grouting was promptly conducted to repair the affected area and reinforce the tunnel structure. Subsequent monitoring of surface deformations following the resumption of tunneling operations indicated the effectiveness of the disaster treatment approach. These achievements constitute a reliable theoretical foundation for similar projects, particularly in terms of environmental protection and ensuring safe construction practices.
Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zeng Qingyue , Xu Jiao , Mu Xingyu , Shi Yi , Fan Hong , Li Shuangqing
Published: October 2023

Purpose

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the available data from clinical trials and assess the safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in three electronic databases, namely Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, up until March 1, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tirzepatide to either placebo or active hypoglycemic drugs in individuals with T2D and obesity. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value and Cochran’s Q test, and a fixed effects model was employed to estimate the safety profile of tirzepatide. The safety outcomes of interest, including pancreatitis, the composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases, cholecystitis, and cholelithiasis and biliary diseases, were evaluated. (The composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases incorporated cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, other gallbladder disorders, and biliary diseases.)

Results

A total of nine trials with 9871 participants (6828 in the tirzepatide group and 3043 in the control group) that met the pre-specified criteria were included. When compared to all control groups consisting of basal insulin (glargine or degludec), selective GLP1-RA (dulaglutide or semaglutide once weekly), and placebo, an increased risk of pancreatitis was not found to be significantly associated with tirzepatide (RR 1.46, [95% CI] 0.59 to 3.61; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.436). For gallbladder or biliary disease, the composite of gallbladder or biliary disease was significantly associated with tirzepatide compared with placebo or basal insulin (RR 1.97, [95% CI] 1.14 to 3.42; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.558), but not with the risk of cholelithiasis, cholecystitis or biliary diseases.

Conclusion

Based on the currently available data, tirzepatide appears to be safe regarding the risk of pancreatitis. However, the increased risk of the composite outcome of gallbladder or biliary diseases observed in RCTs warrants further attention from physicians in clinical practice.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023412400.
Towards effective conservation planning: integrating landscape modelling to safeguard the future of the endangered Kashmir musk deer in the face of land use change
Authors: Sharief Amira , Kumar Vineet , Joshi Bheem Dutt , Singh Hemant , Bhattacharjee Saurav , Dutta Ritam , Dar Shahid Ahmad , Ramesh Chinnasamy , Graham Catherine H. , Thakur Mukesh , Sharma Lalit Kumar
Published: October 2023

Human expansion and anthropogenic activities are causing the conversion of forests to other land uses in the Himalayas, which is threatening species with extinction. To address this issue, we used an ensemble model to simulate the future landscape and assess its impact on the Kashmir Musk Deer (KMD) distribution in the context of land use change. Our simulation suggests a decline in croplands and shrublands and increase of mixed forests in the future scenario. Evergreen broad-leaf and needle-leaf forests are likely to convert to mixed forests, while croplands and barren areas transform into savannas. Precipitation, elevation, and mixed forests were found to be the most significant factors influencing KMD distribution. Only 20,690 km2 out of the total area of 324,666 km2 is currently suitable for KMD, but this is projected to increase to 22,701.47 km2 in the future. We predict a habitat gain of about 2,722 km2 in new areas and a loss of 711 km2 in existing habitats for KMD by 2030, with Uttarakhand state losing much of the suitable habitat. However, new habitats in future will become available for the species in Jammu and Kashmir. Our landscape configuration investigation indicates a decline in the number of patches and aggregation index in the future scenario. Most of the suitable KMD habitats are outside the current protected areas (PA), making the current PA network insufficient for long-term conservation. Therefore, we suggest forest managers to rationalize the boundary of the PAs to include suitable habitats that are currently not protected for the long-term survival of the KMD.
Seven dam challenges for migratory fish: insights from the Penobscot River
Authors: Zydlewski Joseph , Coghlan Stephen , Dillingham Cody , Figueroa-Muñoz Guillermo , Merriam Carolyn , Smith Sean , Smith Rylee , Stich Daniel , Vogel Sarah , Wilson Karen , Zydlewski Gayle
Published: October 2023

More than a century of impoundments in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA, has contributed to population declines in migratory fish in the system. A decade of change, research, and monitoring has revealed direct and indirect ways that dams have influenced the river habitat, connectivity for migratory fish, and the food web. The removal of two main-stem dams (in 2012 and 2013) and bolstering of fish passage have been part of coordinated restoration efforts in the watershed. Integral to this undertaking was support for short- and long-term monitoring and research that included physical habitat, fish passage, and broad scale ecological assessments. Herein we discuss the seven interconnected and complex ways that dams have affected the Penobscot River ecosystem, particularly for migratory fish. These include familiar influences ascribed to dams: i) impaired access to habitat, ii) injury and mortality, and iii) delays of migration. Other ecological influences are less studied and more subtle: iv) facilitation of predation, v) community shifts, and vi) demographic shifts. Lastly, dams result in vii) a loss of ecosystem services that would otherwise be intact in an unimpounded system. We draw on both direct examples from the Penobscot River and broader information to characterize how impoundments have transformed this ecosystem for more than a century. Recent dam removals and mitigation efforts have reestablished some of these ecological functions.
Oral exposure to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B could promote the Ovalbumin-induced food allergy by enhancing the activation of DCs and T cells
Authors: Yuan Jin , Tong Ping , Meng Xuanyi , Wu Yong , Li Xin , Gao Jinyan , Chen Hongbing
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Recent work highlighted the importance of environmental contaminants in the development of allergic diseases.

Methods

The intestinal mucosal barrier, Th (helper T) cells, DCs (dendritic cells), and intestinal flora were analyzed with flow cytometry, RNA-seq, and 16s sequencing in the present study to demonstrate whether the exposure of enterotoxins like Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) in allergens could promote the development of food allergy.

Results and discussion

We found that co-exposure to SEB and Ovalbumin (OVA) could impair the intestinal barrier, imbalance the intestinal Th immune, and cause the decline of intestinal flora diversity in OVA-sensitized mice. Moreover, with the co-stimulation of SEB, the transport of OVA was enhanced in the Caco-2 cell monolayer, the uptake and presentation of OVA were promoted in the bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs), and Th cell differentiation was also enhanced. In summary, co-exposure to SEB in allergens should be considered a food allergy risk factor.