bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue depletion of tylosin after multiple intramuscular administration in calves and piglets
Authors: BEATA ŁEBKOWSKA-WIERUSZEWSKA , ARTUR BURMAŃCZUK , JACEK KOWALSKI CEZARY , MONIKA OSYPIUK , BOŻENA POLSKA
Published: August 2024

Tylosin (TYL) is widely used to treat different bacterial infections in calves and piglets; however, there is no information available about the withdrawal period necessary for growing calves and piglets to be safe for human consumption. A high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet-visible light detection was adapted and validated for the determination of TYL in calf and piglet tissues. The procedure is based on the isolation of the TYL compound from edible calf and piglet tissues (muscle, liver, kidneys, and fat with skin) with satisfactory recovery (81.55 ± 10.49) and specificity. The residue depletion of TYL in calves and piglets was assessed after a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight/day administered orally for 5 consecutive days. After the treatment was discontinued, residue concentrations were detected in tissues till the 11th and 19th day in calves and piglets, respectively. The highest TYL concentrations were measured in the liver, in both species. Based on the results presented in this study, it could be assumed that a withdrawal period of 12 days for calves and 20 days for piglets before slaughter would be sufficient to ensure consumer safety.
Common Backgrounds of Students in the Field of Visual Arts at Science and Art Centers (SAC)
Authors: Daşdemir Asuman
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Gifted and talented students in visual arts are known for their abilities such as keen observation, imagination, and fine motor skills. There are numerous studies highlighting the drawing characteristics, behavioral patterns in visual arts, and differences from typical children exhibited by these students. However, research on the factors influencing their artistic development and the underlying elements remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the common backgrounds of artistically gifted and talented students in their immediate surroundings, including family and social environments.
Method: This research, utilizing qualitative research methodology, is designed as an embedded single-case study. The study involved 10 students, eight girls and two boys, who qualified for art education in the field of painting at the Science and Art Center (SAC) in İzmit., a support center for gifted and talented students, during the 2022-2023 academic year. Both students and their parents participated in the study. Data obtained through semi-structured interview questions were descriptively analyzed in alignment with the research questions.
Findings: Four main themes emerged from the research, namely “Roles,” “Approval,” “Firsts,” and “Differences.” The study indicates that family plays a crucial role as the most critical component in the talent development and success of artistically gifted and talented students. The demographic structure of families and their attitudes toward art are considered significant factors in the artistic development of their gifted children.
Discussion: Discovering the talents of gifted and talented students, supporting them accurately, and utilizing their skills in appropriate fields would contribute to the national interest. Therefore, closely monitoring and discovering the interests of gifted children, along with providing support in those areas, are crucial factors in developing their talents.
Radiological and Functional Consequences of Open Reduction Internal Fixation with Locking Plate Versus Dynamic Condylar Screw in Type C1 Complete Articular Fracture of Distal Femur
Authors: Raza Ali , Shujauddin  , Kazi Usman Khalid , Shahid Ali  , Chaudhry Maryam , Muhammad Akram
Published: August 2024

Background: One of the body's main joints for bearing weight is the knee. Its issues are likewise difficult to resolve. Damage to this joint can cause abnormalities in the alignment, stability, and motion of the knee, which impairs function.
Objective: To compare the functional and radiological outcome in AO type C1 distal femur fractures fixed with locking plate versus dynamic condylar screw.
Methods: The study comprised 94 patients aged 18 to 60 years who had an isolated distal femur fracture and an Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) type C1 closed fracture. Patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, chronic liver disease, ischemic heart disease, pathological fractures, head injuries with a Glasgow coma scale of less than 14, and malignancy were excluded from the sample. The patients were assigned by lottery to groups A and B. In groups A and B, they were treated with dynamic condylar screws (DCS) and locking plate fixation, respectively..
Results: Among 94 patients, 30 (63.8%) were men and 17 (36.2%) were women in Group A; similarly, 33 (70.2%) were men and 14 (29.8%) were women in Group B. Patients in group A had an average age of 38.8±6.19 years, whereas those in group B had an average age of 39.5±7.36 years. 02 patients (4.2%) in Group-A and 05 patients (10.6%) in Group-B experienced infection. The union rate was 45 (95.7%) in group A (locking plate fixation technique) and 40 (85.10%) in group B (dynamic condylar screw technique). 35 (74.46%) in group A, 08 (17.1%) in good, 03 (6.38%) in average, and 01 (2.1%) in poor; in group B, 25 (53.2%) in excellent, 09 (19.2%) in decent, and 10 (21.3%)  had average and 03(6.3%) had poor functional outcome.
Conclusion: In terms of clinical and radiological evaluation, the type C1 distal shaft femur fixation with locking plate performs better than the dynamic condylar screw, which has a lower infection rate and better union and functional success
“A nossa parada é a palavra!”
Authors: Fonte Mariana Oliveira da
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo analisa as partilhas, prática performativa e informativa, desenvolvidas nos grupos de Alcoólicos Anônimos (AA) e sua contribuição para a manutenção da sobriedade. No decorrer do texto, é traçada uma discussão acerca dos impactos que a medida de isolamento social, no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, acarretou na recuperação dos membros de AA que dependem fundamentalmente dos encontros presenciais dos grupos para o prosseguimento da recuperação. A reflexão é fruto de uma pesquisa qualitativa com base na observação participante, empreendida entre 2017 e 2018, em três grupos situados na zona sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Ademais, foram realizadas oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com integrantes dos grupos pesquisados; destas, duas mais recentes ao episódio da pandemia da Covid-19. As entrevistas demonstraram que os grupos não só se adaptaram ao modelo de reuniões online como perceberam novas funcionalidades e potencialidades neste tipo de interação.
Vivendo com uma professora na pandemia
Authors: Paula Rafaela Rodrigues de
Published: August 2024

O presente relato etnográfico foi escrito com base em uma pesquisa feita durante a pandemia da Covid-19, mais especificamente em 2020. O trabalho de campo foi construído junto a uma professora da rede estadual de ensino, o que possibilitou problematizar a ideia da realização de uma pesquisa etnográfica entre familiares e/ou em casa durante um contexto de isolamento social. O intuito do texto é discutir as experiências educacionais marcadas pela educação remota ou on-line durante a pandemia e os impactos na vida dos educadores no Brasil que tiveram que lidar com as mudanças que esse modelo de ensino trouxe. Dessa forma, pretende-se demonstrar a potencialidade de direcionar o olhar e as pesquisas para o cotidiano de educadoras brasileiras, o que pode abrir discussões importantes sobre contextos educacionais, seja em situações pandêmicas ou não.
Apresentação
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Marcelino da , Moura Fernanda Gabriele
Published: August 2024

A constante reinvenção da antropologia ao longo da sua história está apoiada nas reflexões epistemológicas advindas de contextos históricos que acabam por apresentar novas formas de engendramentos metodológicos e temáticos. As reflexões de campo que culminaram em trabalhos antropológicos na área da política, cultura e sociedade, estão sempre em revisão, em um movimento de examinar e repensar o processo metodológico de acordo com as condições atuais. Para tanto, é necessário um processo de autoavaliação da disciplina que evidencie seus pontos fortes e fracos ao longo da sua trajetória com o intuito de recalcular a rota, sem deixar de lado todos os avanços e progressos feitos até o determinado momento. Essa premissa de se autoavaliar e tecer críticas sobre sua atuação é um diferencial da antropologia na produção científica.
“Hiva nimphela ovirela elapo”
Authors: Chambe Zacarias Milisse
Published: August 2024

Este artigo é resultado de trabalho de campo realizado desde 2012 na comunidade de Namanhumbir, distrito de Montepuez, província de Cabo Delgado, norte de Moçambique. Atravessando uma multiplicidade de tensões e conflitos fundiários entre comunidades nativas, um megaprojeto mineração de rubis e os vientes, referente àqueles que vem de fora da aldeia, Namanhumbir foi como o resto do mundo, impactada pelas repercussões da descoberta do coronavírus em finais de 2019, que impôs a restrição de mobilidade de seus aldeãos, cujo aprovisionamento é dependente de atividades informais (comércio e agricultura familiar). A partir dos discursos e narrativas sobre questões relativas aos estranhamentos do “do viente” e recurso de práticas de medicinas “tradicionais”, este texto examina as representações locais sobre a doença e morte diante do receio de colapso de um sistema nacional de saúde considerado frágil e incapaz de responder às demandas impostas pela letalidade de um vírus compreendido entre as comunidades locais, como “literal e metaforicamente estrangeiro”.
Global arms exports : the formation of a new paradigm
Authors: Repnikov D. A.
Published: August 2024

The modern world market for arms and military equipment (WME) is experiencing a whole range of structural and dynamic changes caused by numerous global problems in the development of the world economy, the nature of competition in this market, as well as the formation of a multipolar world order. The purpose of the study was to assess possible changes in the long-term program of research on international trade in arms and military equipment, taking into account the specified triggers. As the research has shown, the political economy of global arms and military equipment exports is undergoing a significant transformation when, with the emergence of new players in the global arms and military equipment market, its qualitative characteristics and development parameters change, unconventionally affecting global demand and supply for weapons. In turn, the dynamics of defense spending have an ambiguous impact on the market under study, which can both crowd out investments in other sectors and affect the economic growth of the country and its position in global arms and military equipment exports. Finally, the global arms and military equipment market is witnessing serious and previously unknown changes in the global architecture of multilateral regulation, which determine the formation of global value chains within the framework of military-political blocs. These transformations lead to a new understanding of international cooperation between countries exporting and importing weapons and military equipment and form a new set of research problems.
Global trends in tourism development in the era of globalization
Authors: Vetkina A. V. , Saidova L. I. , Mudarisov R. G.
Published: August 2024

Globalization, characterized by the growing mobility of capital, people, ideas and information on a global scale, has become an urgent topic in the modern world. It is obvious that tourism and related economic activities are not protected from such a broad context of the global economy. Over the past decade or two, there has been a steady increase in international tourist flows, interregional and inter-organizational alliances, as well as foreign direct investment. These trends are especially prevalent in developing countries, mainly due to their pristine nature, diverse culture, inexpensive goods and services, cheap labor and other resources. However, some scientists warn that tourism is an industry run by richer, more powerful countries and their respective multinational corporations. The article presents a detailed study of the essential nature of the category "tourism" from the point of view of economic and social activities. It is proved that the basis of tourism as a multidimensional economic and social category is determined by two groups of principles: fundamental and desirable. It is concluded that tourism, as an important component of the modern world economy, inevitably becomes involved in the process of globalization. New opportunities for exotic travel are opening up for tourists, offering authenticity and uniqueness, and this in turn forces the tourism industry to look for new alternatives to classic tourism.
Implementation of the policy of technological sovereignty in China
Authors: Chernikov A. V.
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes the current policy of ensuring technological sovereignty in China in the context of growing global turbulence. For half a century, China has traditionally paid significant attention both to the country's innovative technological development and national independence at the state and public levels in this area. For that the state provides financing for leading breakthrough innovative and technological areas, contributes to the growth of demand for innovations in the national economy among legal entities and individuals, forms a self- developing institutional structure of the innovation ecosystem, creates conditions for personnel growth. Due to international cooperation and China's desire to enter the global innovation system for effective interaction at the global level, the country has significantly advanced in the world innovation rankings and achieved substantial results in a number of key technologies. At the same time, the Chinese leadership sets new long-term goals and forms appropriate plans for the development of the innovation sector in order to achieve new results implying the challenges that China faces in the technological sphere against the background of the trade war unleashed against the PRC by the United States and a number of other Western countries. The purpose of the article is to analyze the stages of China's innovative and technological development, as well as the results that the country has managed to achieve over a number of decades. The article shows that China has sufficient potential to ensure technological sovereignty in key technological areas based on a common high and dynamically developing economic situation, a capacious domestic market, significant financial opportunities – national and attracted – and international cooperation.
The political economy of import substitution and Russian practice
Authors: Melanyina M. V.
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes the processes of import substitution in the high–tech segment of the economy of the Russian Federation - in the IT sphere. The purpose of the article is to explore the modern features of the Russian IT market of new trends. It is shown that import substitution can play an important role in stabilizing and balancing the market, which is confirmed by research by serious authors, including domestic ones, and the existing practice in the world – both developed and developing countries. The article shows that one of the directions of sanctions imposed by Western "partners" against the Russian Federation was the desire to undermine the domestic IT sector. For this purpose, in 2014–2023, almost all significant foreign actors left our country. However, the domestic IT market has shown growth 2 times higher than the global figure. This was facilitated by the general economic growth in the Russian Federation, the growth of state support for the industry, significant investments by domestic enterprises in the IT sector, as well as the need to ensure national technological sovereignty and general economic security. The author comes to the conclusion that the IT market in Russia has not only been preserved, but has also been further developed both in quantitative and qualitative parameters, which confirms, firstly, its resilience, and secondly, the presence in our country of technical, financial, qualification, scientific, innovative as well as infrastructural opportunities for its development. The policy and practice of import substitution played a crucial role in this.
Contribuições Marxistas para a práxis bibliotecária
Authors: Gomes Laís Lupim Santos , Pereira Gleice
Published: August 2024

A pesquisa examina o impacto da práxis marxista na Biblioteconomia e na Ciência da Informação através de uma abordagem metodológica que combina pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de conteúdo. A metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica envolveu a consulta sistemática e crítica de fontes como periódicos especializados, obras de referência e estudos relevantes disponíveis em bases de dados acadêmicas como Brapci, Scielo e Capes, além de publicações de renomados autores das áreas de Filosofia e Ciências Sociais. Os resultados da pesquisa destacam a importância da práxis marxista na transformação dos serviços de informação e na gestão de unidades de informação, especialmente no contexto biblioteconômico, enfatizando a democratização do conhecimento e a promoção da igualdade de acesso a informação. Além disso, evidenciam o papel dos profissionais da informação na promoção da democracia cultural e na mitigação das disparidades sociais, reforçando a necessidade de uma abordagem crítica que não apenas facilite o acesso à informação, mas também reconheça e aborde as dinâmicas de poder subjacentes. Conclui-se que a práxis marxista oferece um arcabouço teórico robusto para a compreensão crítica e a transformação das práticas profissionais na Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, potencializando o papel dos profissionais da informação como agentes de mudança social. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa contribui não apenas para o desenvolvimento teórico dessas áreas, mas também para a prática profissional voltada para objetivos sociais mais amplos, alinhados com os princípios da justiça e da equidade na disseminação e acesso à informação na sociedade contemporânea.
Introduction to Computational Tools in Biomedical Research
Authors: Ng Chong Lee , Choong Yee Siew
Published: August 2024

The digital revolution has significantly impacted worldwide technologies
over the past few decades. Biomedical research is one of the most impacted fields with
the advancement of computational power and data processing. The human genome
sequencing project has generated an enormous amount of information, which is
challenging to be stored and interpreted without the aid of computer programs. The
development of computational algorithms has, therefore, greatly eased and reduced the
time to study and analyze the human genome information. This has directly improved
our understanding of the complex genome structure such as the presence of different
regulatory regions and non-coding regions that code RNA like microRNA or long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). In addition, many computational tools have been developed to
improve our understanding of the biomedical field. This covers the areas from the
study of biomolecule structures and interactions, dynamicity of biomolecules, cellular
activity, to system biology. This chapter thus provides a brief introduction to various
computational tools in these areas and their importance.
Computational Analysis of Biological Data: Where Are We?
Authors: Soreq Lilach , Mohamed Wael
Published: August 2024

There has been a great development in the field of computational modeling
and simulation in biomedical research during the last ten years, in particular, in brain
stimulation of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and, recently, even in that of
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Computer modeling allows such electrical
stimulations using statistics, bioinformatics and advanced machine-learning algorithms.
The current book chapter discusses the advantages of computational modeling in
studying biomedical research. Using computational modeling, classification algorithms
can be applied to microarray and RNA sequencing data (such as hierarchical clustering
- HCL, t-SNE and principal component analysis - PCA), and high-resolution images
can be generated based on the analyzed data and patient samples. Additionally,
genomic data can be analyzed from cancer patient samples carrying mutations or
exhibiting aneuploidy chromosomal changes (such as lung cancer, breast cancer,
cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma and colon cancer). Also, microRNAs
(miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be analyzed. We can identify
cellular vulnerabilities associated with aneuploid, and assigned aneuploidy scores can
generate mushroom plots on the data. Functional network analyses can highlight
altered pathways (such as inflammation and alternative splicing) in patient samples,
and cellular composition and lineage-specific analyses can highlight the role of specific
cell types (e.g., neurons, microglia – MG oligodendrocytes- OLGs, astrocytes, etc.).
Computational platforms/tools, such as Matlab, R, Python, SPSS and MySQL, can be
used for analysis. The data can be deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).
CRISPR/Cas genomic targets can be identified for therapeutic intervention using
computer simulations, and patient survival curves can be computed. Further
comparison to mice models can be made. Additionally, human and mouse stem cells
can be analyzed, and non-parametric gene ontology (GO) analyses using KolmogorovSmirnov (KS) statistical tests can be applied to microarray or RNA sequencing data.
A Critical Review of Microbial Potential for Biodegradation Mechanism of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Mitra Amrit K.
Published: August 2024

The rise in environmental pollution is a major issue of concern in the current
times. Due to globalization and the Industrial Revolution in the 20th century, pollution
has become a problem for the world's population. Numerous factors, including
unchecked human activity, careless use of petroleum products, industrial waste
emissions, poor waste management, release of toxic organic by-products, and increased
use of pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers have contributed to increased pollution and
its detrimental effects on the planet Earth. For all forms of life, organic molecules are
known to have the potential to be carcinogenic and poisonous. To reduce organic
pollutants and dispose of industrial waste properly, several techniques have been put
forth and put into action, but some of them are either not relevant or have not produced
the expected outcomes. For the past few decades, research has been focused on finding
biological methods of degradation of complex organic contaminants. Numerous
microbial species obtained from polluted native environments have been shown to
digest hazardous, complex organic chemicals and can be used to effectively biodegrade
contaminated areas. The development of recombinant DNA technologies has
revitalized the area of bioremediation by enabling the emergence of microorganisms
and entire microbial communities that contain novel genes and enzymes with improved
efficiencies. This chapter discusses the significance of isolating efficient indigenous
microbial species, different factors that affect the distribution of pollutants in the soil
matrix, biodegradation pathways, and physiological factors that affect the efficiency of
biodegradation for complete mineralization. In addition to these, efforts to enhance the
biodegradation potential of microbes through multiple pathways have also been
highlighted.
Application of Green Synthesized Nanomaterials for Environmental Waste Remediation: A NanoBioremediation Strategy
Authors: Nanda M. , Agrawal S. , Shahi S. K.
Published: August 2024

In the current scenario, dangerous refractory organic and inorganic
pollutants are continuously released into the environment as a result of industrialization
that poses a significant threat on a global scale. One of the greatest challenges that
needs to be solved is the effective management of various pollutants and waste. Despite
their effectiveness, traditional treatment methods have several drawbacks, such as the
fact that they are time-consuming and target-specific. As a result, it directs the search
for a suitable replacement. Researchers are paying close attention to the novel
technique of nano-bioremediation to remove pollutants from various contaminated
locations. This approach combines the benefits of bioremediation and nanotechnology
to develop a remediation process that is quicker, more productive, and less harmful to
the environment than either approach individually. This chapter summarizes the green
synthesis methods of various nanomaterials (NMs) along with an explanation of the
remediation methodology, its mechanism, and prospective applications in
environmental remediation. Additionally, the removal and valorzsation of waste
materials using green nanotechnology supported by microbes and enzymes are
highlighted. This chapter also discusses the multiple constraints of nanobioremediation as well as the factors responsible for the efficiency of NMs.
A Comprehensive Review on Applications of Different Domains of Nanotechnology in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yadav Annu , Jangid Nirmala Kumari , Sharma Rekha , Khan Azhar Ullah
Published: August 2024

In the process of purification of water, nanotechnology provides the
possibility of an effective removal of pollutants and germs. In recent times,
nanoparticles (NPs), nanopowder and nanomembranes have been used for the detection
and removal of chemical and biological substances that contain metals like cadmium,
copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, etc., nutrients like phosphate, ammonia, nitrate and
nitrite, algae, cyanobacterial toxins, viruses, bacteria, parasites, and antibiotics.
Commonly, four classes of nanoscale materials that are being evaluated as functional
materials for water purification are metal-containing nanoparticles, carbonaceous
nanomaterials, dendrimers and zeolites. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers are also used
in the techniques of water purification. Nanomaterials (NMs) give the best results in
water treatment in comparison to other techniques because NMs have a high surface
area (surface/volume ratio). Silver NPs affect the activated sludge of microorganisms
and play an important role in wastewater treatment since they restrain their activity and
significantly reduce their number. Carbon nanostructures are widely used as
nanoadsorbents for wastewater treatment owing to their abundant availability, costeffectiveness, high chemical and thermal stabilities, high active surface areas, excellent
adsorption capacities, and environmentally friendly nature. Due to the high utility of
nanotechnology in the treatment of pollutants, this chapter further highlights various
fundamental aspects of nanotechnology, such as types, synthesis, applications and
future directions for a green and sustainable environment.
Application of Nanomaterials in the Degradation of Micro and Nano Plastics
Authors: Maodiswari V. J. , Rajalakshmi E. , Ambika S. , Princymerlin J. , Manojkumar Y.
Published: August 2024

In recent years, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become
significant environmental concerns due to their persistent nature and potentially
harmful effects on ecosystems and human health. Most of the reported materials and
methods for the degradation of such toxic pollutants show limitations such as low
recovery, high energy consumption and environmental impacts. As a result, more
efficient green materials and methods are the need of the hour. Recently, researchers
have reported efficient materials for the degradation of MPs and NPs. Hence, in this
chapter, a comprehensive overview of eco-friendly initiatives and preventive measures
is highlighted. It covers detailed information about the sources of MPs and NPs and
their toxic impact on the environment and human health. It also highlights the existing
techniques for processing and degradation of MPs and NPs and the potential of green
nanomaterials in the degradation of plastics. The authors believe that this information
will pave the way for the design and development of new alternate methods for further
implementation.
Delimitación de especies del complejo Cercocarpus fothergilloides (Rosaceae)
Authors: Trujillo Juárez Diana Isabel , Terrazas Teresa , Sánchez Daniel , Munguía Lino Guadalupe , Rodríguez Aarón
Published: August 2024

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Cercocarpus (Dryadoideae, Rosaceae) es un género endémico del centro-oeste de Estados Unidos de América y México. Tres revisiones taxonómicas reconocen de seis a 21 especies, las cuales han sido delimitadas principalmente con base en caracteres morfológicos foliares, y están agrupadas en los complejos C. ledifolius, C. betuloides, C. montanus y C. fothergilloides. El complejo Cercocarpus fothergilloides incluye cuatro taxones endémicos de México, que presentan variación morfológica y podrían reconocerse más especies. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron identificar y delimitar las especies del complejo C. fothergilloides, determinar si hay correlación de los caracteres con respecto a la latitud y longitud, además de describir la anatomía y arquitectura foliar.Métodos: Cuantificamos 13 caracteres morfológicos foliares y florales, y ocho anatómicos de la hoja. Utilizamos dos Análisis Discriminantes Canónicos (ADCs) para examinar los datos morfo-anatómicos cuantitativos. Con los caracteres cuantitativos más importantes del ADC y diez caracteres cualitativos morfo-anatómicos y de arquitectura foliar, realizamos un análisis de agrupamiento para reconocer grupos. Efectuamos un análisis de correlación entre los caracteres con latitud y longitud.Resultados clave: El número de venas secundarias, la longitud de la lámina, de los pedicelos en fruto, del estilo y del fruto fueron los caracteres morfológicos que permitieron diferenciar a las especies. Las características anatómicas del grosor de la hoja y la cutícula, el alto del parénquima en empalizada y de la epidermis, así como la profundidad de la cripta distinguieron a los taxones. El análisis de agrupamiento diferenció siete grupos. No hubo correlación entre la mayoría de los caracteres con latitud y longitud.Conclusiones: El complejo Cercocarpus fothergilloides comprende siete entidades, y tres de ellas son nuevas. Todas se distinguen por combinaciones de caracteres morfológicos, anatómicos y de arquitectura foliar.
Triggers in the environment promoting food consumption
Authors: Dodson Michael , Jiwa Moyez
Published: August 2024

Most literature suggests that people can be influenced when choosing what to purchase or eat. Product availability, labelling and marketing, pricing, and portion size may all influence food choices. Environmental cues and the position of products on shelves, near checkouts, and in vending machines can also affect food choices and eating behaviours. Understanding the effects of these factors on human behaviour, and how they are affected by personal factors such as knowledge, values, motivations, and health goals, may provide avenues to nudge consumers towards healthy choices, and reinforce theoretical primers that support consumers to set appropriate goals for their well-being even when nudges promote consumption of less healthy foods
Use of Homeopathy in Patients Suffering from Long COVID-19 (LONGCOVIHOM): A Case Series
Authors: Takacs Michael , Frass Michael , Pohl-Schickinger Anja , Fibert Philippa , Lechleitner Peter , Oberbaum Menachem , Leisser Ilse , Panhofer Peter , Chandak Kavita , Weiermayer Petra
Published: August 2024

In some patients, coronavirus (COVID-19) can cause symptoms that last weeks or even months after the infection has gone. Long COVID-19 was defined as a confirmed initial COVID-19 infection, the presence of signs and symptoms more than four weeks after initial infection, and the persistence or appearance of signs and symptoms that another condition cannot explain and did not exist before infection. This study aimed to describe the effect of adjunctive individualized homeopathic treatment delivered to Long COVID-19 patients with previously confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fifteen female consecutive patients with Long COVID-19 were documented. The mean age was 48.5 ± 13.5 (SD) years. The symptoms of Long COVID-19 were diverse. None of the patients showed identical symptoms. All but one patient, hence 93.3%, experienced a timely improvement to complete healing after individualized homeopathic treatment, characterized by modified Naranjo criteria of at least 8 points. The average time until improvement/remission was 47.6 ± 34.6 days, and the median was 37 days. Our observations suggest that adjunctive individualized homeopathic treatment might be considered for patients suffering from Long COVID-19 even with severe long-term sequelae of COVID-19.
Use of Generative AI for Improving Health Literacy in Reproductive Health: Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Burns Christina , Bakaj Angela , Berishaj Amonda , Hristidis Vagelis , Deak Pamela , Equils Ozlem
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Patients find technology tools to be more approachable for seeking sensitive health-related information, such as reproductive health information. The inventive conversational ability of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT (OpenAI Inc), offers a potential means for patients to effectively locate answers to their health-related questions digitally.

OBJECTIVE

A pilot study was conducted to compare the novel ChatGPT with the existing Google Search technology for their ability to offer accurate, effective, and current information regarding proceeding action after missing a dose of oral contraceptive pill.

METHODS

A sequence of 11 questions, mimicking a patient inquiring about the action to take after missing a dose of an oral contraceptive pill, were input into ChatGPT as a cascade, given the conversational ability of ChatGPT. The questions were input into 4 different ChatGPT accounts, with the account holders being of various demographics, to evaluate potential differences and biases in the responses given to different account holders. The leading question, “what should I do if I missed a day of my oral contraception birth control?” alone was then input into Google Search, given its nonconversational nature. The results from the ChatGPT questions and the Google Search results for the leading question were evaluated on their readability, accuracy, and effective delivery of information.

RESULTS

The ChatGPT results were determined to be at an overall higher-grade reading level, with a longer reading duration, less accurate, less current, and with a less effective delivery of information. In contrast, the Google Search resulting answer box and snippets were at a lower-grade reading level, shorter reading duration, more current, able to reference the origin of the information (transparent), and provided the information in various formats in addition to text.

CONCLUSIONS

ChatGPT has room for improvement in accuracy, transparency, recency, and reliability before it can equitably be implemented into health care information delivery and provide the potential benefits it poses. However, AI may be used as a tool for providers to educate their patients in preferred, creative, and efficient ways, such as using AI to generate accessible short educational videos from health care provider-vetted information. Larger studies representing a diverse group of users are needed.
ChatGPT and The Suspicion of Skin Cancer, a Diagnostic Accuracy Study (Preprint)
Authors: Abou Shahla William , Haddad Firas , El Hawa Mariana , Saade Dana
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

While ChatGPT is user-friendly and widely accessible, concerns arise regarding potential delays in diagnosis and false reassurances for patients with suspected skin malignancies.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aims to assess the accuracy of AI, specifically ChatGPT, in diagnosing skin malignancies and expressing the urgency to seek medical advice.

METHODS

This diagnostic accuracy study assesses the agreement between dermatologists' final diagnoses and those provided by ChatGPT when patients describe their lesions. Thirty-five patients, suspected of skin cancer (SCC/BCC), provided demographic details and lesion descriptions. Diagnoses were recorded in ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4.0 for analysis.

RESULTS

Out of 35 lesions suspected by the dermatologist, all were malignant, indicating 100% accuracy. ChatGPT3.5 flagged malignancy in 7 cases (20%), while ChatGPT4.0 did so in 6 cases (17.14%). Consistency was lacking, as only 7 lesions received the same diagnosis from both models. However, both ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4.0 referred patients to dermatologists in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Both GPT models performed comparably to each other but were significantly inferior to dermatologists. However, both did not cause delays in referral to a dermatologist.
The limitations of these two models include poor accuracy, lack of concordance among each other’s, and reproducibility issues with their answers.
Exploring the Nexus of Inflammation, Depression and Pancreatic Cancer Through Machine Learning (Preprint)
Authors: Shen Yang-Chen , Wu Po I , Chen Po See , Lee I Hui , Lin Cheng-Feng , Yen Chia-Jui , Shan Yan-Shen
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Depression is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with pancreatic cancer, negatively impacting their quality of life, treatment adherence, and survival. Inflammation is a key biological process that may link pancreatic cancer and depression, with inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) playing significant roles. Machine learning (ML) provides a novel approach to predicting depression based on these biomarkers, potentially enabling early intervention and improved patient outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the clinical associations between depression, inflammation, and pancreatic cancer, and to utilize machine learning to predict depression using biomarker levels and clinical data.

METHODS

A prospective cohort study was conducted between May 2021 and November 2023, including 328 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to explore relationships between depression and inflammatory markers, with significant variables from univariate analyses included in multivariate models. Various ML algorithms, including Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were employed to predict depression, evaluated using classification metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.

RESULTS

The cohort had a mean age of 65 years, with most patients diagnosed at stage IV. Clinically significant depression (PHQ-9 ≥10) was observed in 35% of patients at baseline, decreasing over time. Univariate analyses indicated associations between depression and factors such as lack of surgical resection and metastatic disease; however, these were not significant in multivariate models. Only log-transformed CRP and NLR remained significant inflammatory markers in multivariate analyses. Among the ML models, XGBoost achieved the highest performance, with an accuracy of 81%, precision of 84%, recall of 91%, and an F1-score of 86%. CRP, NLR, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) emerged as the strongest predictors of depression.

CONCLUSIONS

Depression is prevalent among pancreatic cancer patients and is likely linked to inflammation. Machine learning models, particularly XGBoost, effectively predicted depression using inflammatory markers. Integrating ML-based predictions into mental health care within cancer treatment protocols may improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on refining these predictive models and exploring their clinical implementation for early depression detection and intervention in pancreatic cancer care.
Terminology and Definitions of Racial Health Equity in Prominent Health Websites: A Systematic Review? (Preprint)
Authors: Dagne Mahederemariam B. , Terhune Elizabeth , Barsoum Miriam , Pizarro Ana Beatriz , Rizvi Anita , Francis Damian K. , Viswanathan Meera , Sathe Nila , Welch Vivian , Duque Tiffany , Turner II Robert W. , Baker Tamara A. , Heyn Patricia C.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The websites of prominent public health and healthcare organizations play pivotal roles in ensuring access to quality health information, including information guiding health equity. Several initiatives have been developed in the United States to promote equitable, fair, and inclusive health information and practices across prominent health websites. Currently, health disparities across racial groups are recognized as a critical public health problem. Simultaneously, the use of the term “racial health equity/equities” has been rising in academic literature. However, the definition and findability of “racial health equity/equities” information has not yet been evaluated in health websites. Thus, we utilized a systematic review approach to assess the findability and availability of racial health equity terminology and definitions across prominent health organization websites.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the definitions and findability of “racial health equity/equities and related terms” on prominent health organizations’ websites.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review of websites from government agencies, professional organizations, and selected health care organizations with relevance to the United States healthcare system. Google and the US Digital Analytics program were used for initial searches. Definitions, terms, and accompanying citations for racial health equity terms, including “racial health inequity” or “racial health disparities,” were extracted from all websites. A findability tool was developed to evaluate the ease of finding the terms and definitions, with ratings ranging from "very easy" to "very difficult." Additionally, we analyzed the themes and sentiments of the retrieved definitions.

RESULTS

We analyzed 69 websites from prominent health organizations. Approximately half (31) of the websites lacked any definitions for racial health equity and related terms, and of the 38 that included definitions, most did not include citations. The definitions varied across websites, and most were rated as “very difficult” to find.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the absence of a systematic, standardized, and accurate approach to organizing, defining, and presenting racial health equity information on prominent health websites. Specifically, there is a lack of consistent definitions for racial health equity and related terms across prominent health organization websites.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Educators’ Perspectives on Accepting Extended Reality in Healthcare Education: Influencing Factors (Preprint)
Authors: Khlaif Zuheir , Salameh Nisreen , Hamamra Bilal , Mousa Allam
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Traditional medical education in Palestinian higher education institutions faces challenges such as limited interactive practical training and the need for more immersive learning experiences. Emerging technologies like Extended Reality (XR), which includes Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), are being integrated into educational environments worldwide to address these issues.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore and understand the factors influencing the adoption and impact of using XR in healthcare education within Palestinian universities.

METHODS

A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative data from surveys and interviews with instructors and students across multiple Palestinian universities. The study also reviews global implementations of XR technologies in medical education to provide a comparative analysis.

RESULTS

The findings indicate that XR technologies significantly enhance the learning outcomes in healthcare settings. However, three main themes served as factors influencing educators’ usage of XR including external, internal, and design factors. Despite challenges, such as financial constraints and technical issues, the long-term benefits include better educational outcomes and cost-effectiveness. The study also highlights the initial success of XR implementations in Palestinian universities and their potential to transform medical education.

CONCLUSIONS

XR technologies hold promise for revolutionizing medical education by providing immersive learning experiences that enhance practical skills and knowledge retention. The study underscores the importance of strategic investments in technology and infrastructure to overcome initial barriers. The adoption of XR technologies aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of quality education and good health, suggesting a promising future for broader integration in medical and nursing programs in Palestine.
Assessing and improving study skills support in medical education: a student-staff partnership (Preprint)
Authors: Tay Nicole , Deere Anaïs , Ilangovan Dhivya , Phillips Carys , Kelley Emma
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The necessity for self-regulated, lifelong learners in the rapidly evolving field of medicine underscores the importance of effective study skills. Efforts to support students with these skills have had positive outcomes but are often limited in scope and accessibility, with a tendency to target groups facing immediate challenges.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the student perspective on study skills support at University College London Medical School (UCLMS) through a student-staff partnership, with the goal of guiding future improvements.

METHODS

A mixed methods approach was adopted using an anonymous questionnaire and focus groups. After analysing questionnaire responses using descriptive statistics to refine focus group questions, focus groups were conducted to delve deeper into identified issues. Transcripts were analysed thematically using inductive coding.

RESULTS

95 students completed the questionnaire in full and six students participated in two focus groups. The questionnaire revealed that 67.3% of respondents felt that they never received study skills support at UCLMS. Preferred methods of support included small group sessions (59.6%) and topics like exam preparation (88.3%) and study skills specific to medicine (76.6%). Focus group themes derived from thematic analysis were lack of current study skills support, delivery of study skills support and specific study skills for medical school.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the findings highlight the need for strategically incorporating study skills support at medical school, emphasising early and consistent promotion and tailored delivery methods.