bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal Park, Bottisham: The Construction Materials of a Roman Villa Complex – A Cambridgeshire Case Study
Authors: Hayward Kevin , Meckseper Christiane
Published: September 2022

The retention of 2.6 metric tonnes of building material from three rural masonry buildings from Bottisham, south-east Cambridgeshire, provided a rare opportunity for a thorough investigation into their fabric, form, construction style and function. A double-apsidal building may have been a bath-house and another building had evidence for an extensive box-flue tile heating system. Both buildings showed signs of either being unfinished or the heating element having never been used. A third building was a later construction that used rare red-slipped tegulae and imbrices. This article goes beyond suggesting the existence of a villa or villa-type complex at Bottisham to offer a detailed case study of the use of ceramic building materials
Renewables in Antarctica: an assessment of progress to decarbonize the energy matrix of research facilities
Authors: Lucci Juan José , Alegre María , Vigna Leandro
Published: September 2022

This paper tracks the progress of renewable energy deployment at Antarctic facilities, introducing an interactive database and map specifically created for this purpose. Goals, challenges and lessons learnt from these operations are also reported. The data and assessments presented are based on a literature review of government reports, academic articles, online resources, news outlets and interviews conducted with personnel of Antarctic stations. As of 2021, 29 facilities have incorporated renewables in their energy systems, but only one permanent and four summer stations use renewables to meet more than 50% of their energy needs. Four main goals behind the development of renewable energy systems have been identified: fuel cost savings; reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions footprint in alignment with national decarbonization targets; electricity supply for scientific equipment during the winter months; and the development and/or testing of new technologies. The extreme weather conditions and complex logistics of Antarctica put both solar and wind systems under huge stress, which generates operational, technological and budgetary challenges that are also explored in this work.
Layers of privacy in the blockchain: from technological solutionism to human-centred privacy-compliance technologies
Authors: Baquero Pablo Marcello
Published: September 2022

Different organisations recently published reports identifying the challenges and potential solutions to ensure privacy in blockchain platforms. The proposed solutions frequently emphasise the role of privacy-compliance technologies to be incorporated into the blockchain design. Often, these solutions imply a techno-regulatory approach, ignoring that the level of privacy implemented in a blockchain involves legal and policy choices, disregarding the need to implement human participation and contestability in these platforms. Against this backdrop, this paper proposes to examine how privacy-compliance technologies can incorporate human participation and contestability: first, resorting to the interdisciplinary literature to examine how technological design could balance privacy with human oversight; second, discussing the challenges to ensureex postcontestability for aggrieved data subjects; third, examining the difficulties in identifying liable parties in a blockchain platform. The current disregard of the social and human element risks undermining the role of privacy-compliance technologies in the blockchain.
Jenseits der Schulreife?
Authors: Reicher-Pirchegger Lisa
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Seit den 1950er Jahren widmen sich Forschungsarbeiten der Überwindung des traditionellen Konzepts von Schulreife durch eine bessere Organisation der Schuleingangsphase. Die damit einhergehenden Bildungsreformen verlangen den pädagogischen Fachpersonen eine fachliche Neuorientierung ab. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass es hierfür einer Reflexion bestehender Überzeugungen und methodisch-didaktischer Herangehensweisen bedarf. Offen bleibt jedoch, ob das pädagogische Fachpersonal in Kindergarten und Grundschule solche reformorientierten Vorschläge akzeptiert oder eher strukturkonservative Schuleingangskonzeptionen vertritt. Datengrundlage der vorliegend präsentierten Studie ist eine Querschnittserhebung, in der pädagogische Fachpersonen von jeweils 280 Kindergarten- und Schulstandorten in Österreich befragt wurden. Die Analyse der Daten zeigt, dass die epistemologischen Überzeugungen der pädagogischen Fachpersonen und ihre Einschätzung der methodisch-didaktischen Herangehensweise mit den Schuleingangskonzeptionen in Zusammenhang stehen. Dieser Zusammenhang wird abschließend diskutiert und erscheint vor allem für künftige Aus- und Weiterbildungsstrategien bedeutsam.
Entwicklung eines förderorientierten Schuleingangsscreenings
Authors: Jöbstl Viktoria , Steiner Anna F. , Kastner-Koller Ursula , Deimann Pia , Kaltenberger Anna , Wagner Victoria , Landerl Karin
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Diese Arbeit berichtet erste Befunde zur prädiktiven Validität eines förderorientierten Screenings kognitiver Vorläuferfertigkeiten für die Schuleingangsphase in Österreich. Das Screening wurde von 171 Kindern etwa acht Monate vor Schuleintritt (Schuleinschreibung) sowie unmittelbar nach Schuleintritt durchgeführt. Am Beginn der 2. Klasse wurden die Lese-, Schreib- und Rechenleistung erhoben. Die Schulleistungen wurden durch domänenspezifische Prädiktoren vorhergesagt (Lesen: schnelles Benennen; Schreiben: phonologische Bewusstheit; Rechnen: Zahlenvergleich, basale Rechenleistung). Einige als domänenspezifisch konzipierte Aufgaben erklärten aber auch Varianz in anderen Schulleistungen (z.B. basale Rechenleistung für Schreiben). Domänenübergreifende Faktoren (Arbeitsgedächtnis, Arbeitshaltung/Aufmerksamkeit, Grafomotorik) spielten für die Vorhersage der Schulleistungen eine geringere Rolle als domänenspezifische Prädiktoren. Mit 19–44% Varianzaufklärung ist das Screening mit anderen Verfahren zur Vorhersage der Schulleistungen vergleichbar.
Eine explorative Studie zur Arbeitsgedächtnisbeteiligung bei der Bearbeitung feinmotorischer Aufgaben im Vorschulalter
Authors: Michel Eva , Bimmüller Antonia
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Mittels Doppelaufgabenparadigma wurde die Arbeitsgedächtnisbeanspruchung bei gleichzeitiger Ausführung feinmotorischer Aufgaben explorativ untersucht. Erwartet wurden motorische und/oder kognitive Leistungseinbußen unter Doppelaufgabenbedingungen, die für jüngere Vorschulkinder stärker als für ältere ausfallen sollten. N = 67 Vorschulkinder ( M = 67.1 Monate, SD = 5.51, Min = 59, Max = 83) bearbeiteten gleichzeitig (Experimentalgruppe) oder nacheinander (Kontrollgruppe) feinmotorische und Arbeitsgedächtnisaufgaben. Die feinmotorische Leistung wurde mit fünf Untertests aus dem MOVE 4–8 ( Wyschkon et al., 2018 ) erfasst. Zur Erfassung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses wurde eine Aufgabe zum Zahlennachsprechen rückwärts verwendet. Die Hypothesen konnten nur teilweise bestätigt werden: Nur die älteren Kinder zeigten in der Doppelaufgabenbedingung niedrigere Arbeitsgedächtnisleistungen. Die Befunde liefern erste Hinweise auf kognitive Leistungseinbußen bei motorisch-kognitiven Doppelaufgaben bei älteren Vorschulkindern und deuten auf eine Arbeitsgedächtnisbeteiligung bei feinmotorischen Aufgaben hin. Mögliche Implikationen für den Schulunterricht und für die frühpädagogische Praxis werden diskutiert.
Can These Rocks Help Rein in Climate Change?
Authors: Hornyak Tim
Published: September 2022

Spreading olivine on beaches could accelerate ocean uptake of carbon dioxide and potentially limit climate change. The concept and execution still face some scrutiny from scientists.
Remotely Sensing River Greenhouse Gas Exchange Velocity Using the SWOT Satellite
Authors: Brinkerhoff Craig B. , Gleason Colin J. , Zappa Christopher J. , Raymond Peter A. , Harlan Merritt E.
Published: September 2022

Two decades of research has shown that the global river network emits significant amounts of greenhouse gas. Despite much progress, there is still large uncertainty in the temporal dynamics of gas exchange and thus carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Much of this uncertainty stems from a lack of existing tools for studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of gas exchange velocity (the rate of this diffusive transport). We propose that the NASA/CNES/UKSA/CSA Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite can provide new insights to fluvial gas exchange modeling upon launch and subsequent data collection in 2022. Here, we exploit the distinct geomorphology of SWOT‐observable rivers (>50 m wide) to develop a physical model of gas exchange that is remotely sensible and explains 50% of log‐transformed variation across 166 field measurements of . We then couple this model with established inversion techniques to develop BIKER, the “Bayesian Inference of the Exchange Rate” algorithm. We validate BIKER on 47 SWOT‐simulated rivers without an in‐situ calibration, yielding an algorithm that predicts the timeseries solely from SWOT observations with a by‐river median Kling‐Gupta Efficiency of 0.21. BIKER is better at inferring the temporal variation of gas exchange (median correlation coefficient of 0.91), than reproducing the absolute rates of exchange (median normalized RMSE of 51%). Finally, BIKER is robust to measurement errors implicit in the SWOT data. We suggest that BIKER will be useful in mapping global‐scale fluvial gas exchange and improving emissions estimates when coupled with river models.
Ocean Variability Beneath the Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf Inferred From Basal Melt Rate Time Series
Authors: Vaňková Irena , Nicholls Keith W.
Published: September 2022

Fourteen phase‐sensitive radars (ApRES) were deployed on the Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS) to measure variability in its basal melt rate. Melt rates from sites along the Ronne Depression vary seasonally, consistent with the dynamics of the propagation of seasonal dense water from the western ice front into the cavity. Several sites at the back of the FRIS cavity feature a signal with two seasonal maxima. Sub‐ice shelf oceanographic data available from one of the sites indicate that this signal is caused by two different pathways followed by the same source water. Inter‐annual variability is strongest along a direct flow pathway between western Ronne Ice Front and western Berkner Island. Highest melting occurred in 1999 and 2018, following anomalously low summer sea‐ice concentrations in front of the ice shelf. Inter‐annual melt rate variability at the back of the FRIS cavity is limited. If present, it is expressed as a suppression or delay in the arrival of the seasonal melt rate minimum, which can be understood in terms of inter‐annual stratification changes and variable inflow pathways toward the sites. Long term mean ApRES melt rates agree with estimates from satellite data over eastern FRIS. However, the satellite estimates overstate the area of active basal freezing in the western part of the ice shelf. Furthermore, the temporal melt rate variability from the satellite estimates exaggerates the range of variability at both seasonal and inter‐annual time scales with any correspondence between the in‐situ and remotely derived inter‐annual variability being limited to a single site.
Automatic Detection of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections in Solar Wind In Situ Data
Authors: Rüdisser H. T. , Windisch A. , Amerstorfer U. V. , Möstl C. , Amerstorfer T. , Bailey R. L. , Reiss M. A.
Published: September 2022

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are one of the main drivers for space weather disturbances. In the past, different approaches have been used to automatically detect events in existing time series resulting from solar wind in situ observations. However, accurate and fast detection still remains a challenge when facing the large amount of data from different instruments. For the automatic detection of ICMEs we propose a pipeline using a method that has recently proven successful in medical image segmentation. Comparing it to an existing method, we find that while achieving similar results, our model outperforms the baseline regarding training time by a factor of approximately 20, thus making it more applicable for other datasets. The method has been tested on in situ data from the Wind spacecraft between 1997 and 2015 with a True Skill Statistic of 0.64. Out of the 640 ICMEs, 466 were detected correctly by our algorithm, producing a total of 254 false positives. Additionally, it produced reasonable results on datasets with fewer features and smaller training sets from Wind, STEREO‐A, and STEREO‐B with TSSs of 0.56, 0.57, and 0.53, respectively. Our pipeline manages to find the start of an ICME with a mean absolute error (MAE) of around 2 hr and 56 min, and the end time with a MAE of 3 hr and 20 min. The relatively fast training allows straightforward tuning of hyperparameters and could therefore easily be used to detect other structures and phenomena in solar wind data, such as corotating interaction regions.
Hyporheic Exchange in a Straight Stream With Alternate Bars
Authors: Huang Peng , Chui Ting Fong May
Published: September 2022

Hyporheic exchange (HE) is essential to riverine ecosystem, water quality, and energy cycling in a stream due to its governing role in physicochemical and biological processes in hyporheic zone (HZ). Alternate bars, characterized by a repetitive sequence of diagonal bars with a pool‐riffle bedform, are common geomorphic features that generally form in straight streams. Following similar laboratory and numerical methodology as Huang and Chui (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr029182) who investigated the HE induced by pool‐riffle sequences, this study focused on the HE induced by alternate bars (i.e., geomorphic features on stream banks instead of streambed) where the influences of key factors were systematically examined. The results show that alternate bars strongly influence surface flow and induce significant hyporheic flows in both stream banks and streambed, whose patterns, magnitudes, and influential patterns of key factors could be similar to the HE induced by pool‐riffle sequences. The HE flowrate increases linearly with discharge, bed slope, and bar spacing. However, influential patterns of bar width on HE vary, and the bar width changes the influential patterns of discharge and bed slope on HZ scale, highlighting the influence of bar width in the complex interactions among discharge, bed slope, and bar width. All indicators of HE characteristics generally increase with bar spacing and follow exponential relationships with groundwater flow. Findings in this study lay the foundation in research on riparian ecosystems and water quality in the streams with alternate bars and help guide the design of bars during river restorations.
Backward Particle Tracking of Anomalous Transport in Multi‐Dimensional Aquifers
Authors: Zhang Yong
Published: September 2022

Backward particle tracking (BPT) remains a subject of research and applications in hydrology for decades, and most BPT models and software suits assume Fickian diffusion even though pollutant transport in natural aquifers is usually non‐Fickian. To fill this knowledge gap, BPT models were presented in this study for pollutants undergoing sub/super‐diffusion in multi‐dimensional geological media. The resultant BPT governing equations were adjoint models derived for four equally possible, vector fractional diffusion equations. BPT solvers followed a two‐step backward Lagrangian scheme, which differed from its forward Lagrangian scheme in super‐dispersive jumps and boundary conditions. BPT parameter estimability depended on the type of parameters and aquifers according to Monte Carlo analyses: (a) most parameters could be estimated using medium properties or tracer snapshots, while the mean velocity and the space‐dependent dispersion coefficient had poor estimability, and (b) fractured aquifers had a lower estimability for BPT parameters than alluvial aquifers. Mathematical evaluation and field applications showed that the adjoint of the vector fractional‐divergence advection‐dispersion equation (FD‐ADE) identified the source location of pollutants undergoing multiscaling super‐diffusion better than the other BPT models. The adjoint of the vector FD‐ADE and its Lagrangian solver, therefore, were recommended to backtrack pollutants undergoing anomalous transport in aquifers with various degrees of heterogeneity and any dimension and boundary conditions.
Comparison of outcomes for HLA-matched sibling and haplo-identical donors in Myelodysplastic syndromes: report from the chronic malignancies working party of EBMT
Authors: Raj Kavita , Eikema Dirk-Jan , Sheth Vipul , Koster Linda , de Wreede Liesbeth C. , Blaise Didier , Di Grazia Carmela , Koc Yener , Potter Victoria , Chevallier Patrice , Lopez- Corral Lucia , Wu Depei , Mielke Stephan , Maertens Johan , Meijer Ellen , Huynh Anne , Passweg Jakob , Luft Thomas , Pérez-Simón Jose Antonio , Ciceri Fabio , Piekarska Agnieszka , Hayri Ozsan G. , Kröger Nicolaus , Robin Marie , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are the second common indication for an Allo-HCT. We compared the outcomes of 1414 matched sibling (MSD) with 415 haplo-identical donors (HD) transplanted with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as GVHD prophylaxis between 2014 and 2017. The median age at transplant with MSD was 58 and 61 years for HD. The median time to neutrophil engraftment was longer for HD being 20 vs 16 days for MSD (p < 0.001). Two-year overall survival (OS) and PFS (progression free survival) with MSD were significantly better at 58% compared with 50%, p ≤ 0.001, and 51% vs 47%, p = 0.029, with a HD. Relapse at 2 years was lower with a HD 23% than with MSD 29% (p = 0.016). Non relapse mortality (NRM) was higher with HD in the first 6 months post-transplant [HR 2.59 (1.5–4.48) p < 0.001] and was also higher at 2 years being 30% for HD and 20% for MSD, p ≤ 0.001. The incidence of acute GVHD grade II-IV and III–IV at 100 days was comparable for MSD and HD, however, chronic GVHD at 2 years was significantly higher with MSD being 44% vs 32% for HD (p < 0.001). After multivariable analysis, OS and primary graft failure were significantly worse for HD particularly before 6 months [HR 1.93(1.24–3.0)], and HR [3.5(1.5–8.1)]. The median age of HD 37 (IQR 30–47) years was significantly lower than sibling donors 56 (IQR 49–62 years) p < 0.001. However, there was no effect on NRM, relapse or PFS. This data set suggests that a MSD donor remains the preferred choice in MDS over a haplo donor. Transplants with haploidentical donors result in satisfactory long-term outcome, justifying it’s use when no better donor is available.
Complementary task representations in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex for generalizing the structure of problems
Authors: Samborska Veronika , Butler James L. , Walton Mark E. , Behrens Timothy E. J. , Akam Thomas
Published: September 2022

Humans and other animals effortlessly generalize prior knowledge to solve novel problems, by abstracting common structure and mapping it onto new sensorimotor specifics. To investigate how the brain achieves this, in this study, we trained mice on a series of reversal learning problems that shared the same structure but had different physical implementations. Performance improved across problems, indicating transfer of knowledge. Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) maintained similar representations across problems despite their different sensorimotor correlates, whereas hippocampal (dCA1) representations were more strongly influenced by the specifics of each problem. This was true for both representations of the events that comprised each trial and those that integrated choices and outcomes over multiple trials to guide an animal’s decisions. These data suggest that prefrontal cortex and hippocampus play complementary roles in generalization of knowledge: PFC abstracts the common structure among related problems, and hippocampus maps this structure onto the specifics of the current situation.
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells engulf synapses during circuit remodeling in mice
Authors: Auguste Yohan S. S. , Ferro Austin , Kahng Jessica A. , Xavier Andre M. , Dixon Jessica R. , Vrudhula Uma , Nichitiu Anne-Sarah , Rosado Daniele , Wee Tse-Luen , Pedmale Ullas V. , Cheadle Lucas
Published: September 2022

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes throughout life, but the functions of OPCs are not limited to oligodendrogenesis. Here we show that OPCs contribute to thalamocortical presynapse elimination in the developing and adult mouse visual cortex. OPC-mediated synapse engulfment increases in response to sensory experience during neural circuit refinement. Our data suggest that OPCs may regulate synaptic connectivity in the brain independently of oligodendrogenesis.
Sustainable and green manufacturing of gravure printing cylinder for flexible packaging printing application
Authors: Sharma Bhavna , Singh Sauraj , Pandey Arun , Dutt Dharm , Kulshreshtha Anurag
Published: September 2022

Rotogravure printing cylinders are engraved by electro-mechanical engraving (EME) process in India used for printing purpose. But this process has drawbacks of the emissions of hazardous gases, solid and water pollution. EME cylinders are better in cell size, depth and needed higher copper and chrome plating thickness. By laser engraving (LE) copper and chromium thickness were reduced by 75 µm and 5 µm in a cylinder by laser engraving with also a reduction in power consumption and plating time. The carbon footprints were also reduced by 227 g per cylinder with a cost-effective solution for rotogravure printing process.
Multi-scopic neuro-cognitive adaptation for legged locomotion robots
Authors: Saputra Azhar Aulia , Wada Kazuyoshi , Masuda Shiro , Kubota Naoyuki
Published: September 2022

Dynamic locomotion is realized through a simultaneous integration of adaptability and optimality. This article proposes a neuro-cognitive model for a multi-legged locomotion robot that can seamlessly integrate multi-modal sensing, ecological perception, and cognition through the coordination of interoceptive and exteroceptive sensory information. Importantly, cognitive models can be discussed as micro-, meso-, and macro-scopic; these concepts correspond to sensing, perception, and cognition; and short-, medium-, and long-term adaptation (in terms of ecological psychology). The proposed neuro-cognitive model integrates these intelligent functions from a multi-scopic point of view. Macroscopic-level presents an attention mechanism with short-term adaptive locomotion control conducted by a lower-level sensorimotor coordination-based model. Macrosopic-level serves environmental cognitive map featuring higher-level behavior planning. Mesoscopic level shows integration between the microscopic and macroscopic approaches, enabling the model to reconstruct a map and conduct localization using bottom-up facial environmental information and top-down map information, generating intention towards the ultimate goal at the macroscopic level. The experiments demonstrated that adaptability and optimality of multi-legged locomotion could be achieved using the proposed multi-scale neuro-cognitive model, from short to long-term adaptation, with efficient computational usage. Future research directions can be implemented not only in robotics contexts but also in the context of interdisciplinary studies incorporating cognitive science and ecological psychology.
Choice of antibody is critical for specific and sensitive detection of androgen receptor splice variant-7 in circulating tumor cells
Authors: Khan Tanzila , Lock John G. , Ma Yafeng , Harman David G. , de Souza Paul , Chua Wei , Balakrishnar Bavanthi , Scott Kieran F. , Becker Therese M.
Published: September 2022

Androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) is an important biomarker to guide treatment options for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Its detectability in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) opens non-invasive diagnostic avenues. While detectable at the transcript level, AR-V7 protein detection in CTCs may add additional information and clinical relevance. The aim of this study was to compare commercially available anti-AR-V7 antibodies and establish reliable AR-V7 immunocytostaining applicable to CTCs from prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We compared seven AR-V7 antibodies by western blotting and immmunocytostaining using a set of PCa cell lines with known AR/AR-V7 status. The emerging best antibody was validated for detection of CRPC patient CTCs enriched by negative depletion of leucocytes. The anti-AR-V7 antibody, clone E308L emerged as the best antibody in regard to signal to noise ratio with a specific nuclear signal. Moreover, this antibody detects CRPC CTCs more efficiently compared to an antibody previously shown to detect AR-V7 CTCs. We have determined the best antibody for AR-V7 detection of CTCs, which will open future studies to correlate AR-V7 subcellular localization and potential co-localization with other proteins and cellular structures to patient outcomes.
A data completion method for identifying pollution intrusion in aquifers
Authors: Guellouz Lamia , Khayat Faten
Published: September 2022

The data completion method combined with the modeling of water flow and solute transport in saturated porous media is used twice to identify the extent of polluted water intrusion from the downstream boundary of an aquifer. The aim of this work is to solve the problem even though data are missing on some of the boundaries, by exploiting the fact that there are over specified data on the other boundaries. Indeed, it is assumed that the flow and the water head are known on the upstream boundary while the pollutant concentrations are known on the downstream boundary. The method developed in this work allows to determine the flows, water heads and pollutant concentrations in the whole domain. The method is applied in different aquifer configurations with pumping wells, the results are satisfactory. The model developed has shown its effectiveness in detecting the intrusion of polluted water and can be used in real cases.
Shift work, clinically significant sleep disorders and mental health in a representative, cross-sectional sample of young working adults
Authors: Reynolds Amy C. , Lechat Bastien , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Sansom Kelly , Brown Brandon W. J. , Crowther Meagan E. , Wanstall Sian , Maddison Kathleen J. , Walsh Jennifer H. , Straker Leon , Adams Robert J. T. , McArdle Nigel , Eastwood Peter R.
Published: September 2022

Mental health conditions confer considerable global disease burden in young adults, who are also the highest demographic to work shifts, and of whom 20% meet criteria for a sleep disorder. We aimed to establish the relationship between the combined effect of shift work and sleep disorders, and mental health. The Raine Study is the only longitudinal, population-based birth cohort in the world with gold-standard, Level 1 measurement of sleep (polysomnography, PSG) collected in early adulthood. Participants (aged 22y) underwent in-laboratory PSG and completed detailed sleep questionnaires. Multivariable adjusted robust linear regression models were conducted to explore associations with anxiety (GAD7) and depression (PHQ9), adjusted for sex, health comorbidities, and work hours/week. Data were from 660 employed young adults (27.3% shift workers). At least one clinically significant sleep disorder was present in 18% of shift workers (day, evening and night shifts) and 21% of non-shift workers (p = 0.51); 80% were undiagnosed. Scores for anxiety and depression were not different between shift and non-shift workers (p = 0.29 and p = 0.82); but were higher in those with a sleep disorder than those without (Md(IQR) anxiety: 7.0(4.0–10.0) vs 4.0(1.0–6.0)), and depression: (9.0(5.0–13.0) vs 4.0(2.0–6.0)). Considering evening and night shift workers only (i.e. excluding day shift workers) revealed an interaction between shift work and sleep disorder status for anxiety (p = 0.021), but not depression (p = 0.96), with anxiety scores being highest in those shift workers with a sleep disorder (Md(IQR) 8.5(4.0–12.2). We have shown that clinical sleep disorders are common in young workers and are largely undiagnosed. Measures of mental health do not appear be different between shift and non-shift workers. These findings indicate that the identification and treatment of clinical sleep disorders should be prioritised for young workers as these sleep disorders, rather than shift work per se, are associated with poorer mental health. These negative mental health effects appear to be greatest in those who work evening and/or night shift and have a sleep disorder.
Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles mediated Annona muricata as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducer factor in breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Mahmood Rana I. , Kadhim Afraa Ali , Ibraheem Sumayah , Albukhaty Salim , Mohammed-Salih Harraa S. , Abbas Ruaa H. , Jabir Majid S. , Mohammed Mustafa K. A. , Nayef Uday M. , AlMalki Faizah A. , Sulaiman Ghassan M. , Al-Karagoly Hassan
Published: September 2022

This study investigated for the first time a simple bio-synthesis approach for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Annona muricata L (A. muricata) plant extract to test their anti-cancer effects. The presence of CuONPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antiproliferative properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated against (AMJ-13), (MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines, and the human breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100) as healthy cells. This study indicates that CuONPs reduced cell proliferation for AMJ-13 and MCF-7. HBL-100 cells were not significantly inhibited for several concentration levels or test periods. The outcomes suggest that the prepared copper oxide nanoparticles acted against the growth of specific cell lines observed in breast cancer. It was observed that cancer cells had minor colony creation after 24 h sustained CuONPs exposure using (IC50) concentration for AMJ-13 was (17.04 µg mL−1). While for MCF-7 cells was (18.92 µg mL−1). It indicates the uptake of CuONPs by cancer cells, triggering apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with CuONPs enhanced Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production, probably caused by cell membrane damage, creating leaks comprising cellular substances like lactate dehydrogenase. Hence, research results suggested that the synthesized CuONPs precipitated anti-proliferative effects by triggering cell death through apoptosis.
Evaluation of outcome from endovascular therapy for Budd-Chiari syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mukhiya Gauri , Zhou Xueliang , Han Xinwei , Jiao Dechao , Pokhrel Gaurab , Li Yahua , Pokhrel Sita
Published: September 2022

This study was performed to evaluate the outcome of endovascular intervention therapy for Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and compare recanalization, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)/direct intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (DIPS), and combined procedure treatment. For the meta-analysis, 71 studies were identified by searching four databases. The individual studies’ samples were used to calculate a confidence interval (CI 95%), and data were pooled using a fixed-effect model and random effect model. The pooled measure and an equal-weighted average rate were calculated in all participant studies. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed with I2, and T2 tests, and publication bias was estimated using Egger’s regression test. A total of 4,407 BCS patients had undergone an endovascular intervention procedure. The pooled results were 98.9% (95% CI 97.8‒98.9%) for a technical success operation, and 96.9% (95% CI 94.9‒98.9%) for a clinical success operation. The re-intervention rate after the initial intervention procedure was 18.9% (95% CI 14.7‒22.9%), and the survival rates at 1 and 5 years after the initial intervention procedure were 98.9% (95% CI 96.8‒98.9%) and 94.9% (95% CI 92.9‒96.9%), respectively. Patients receiving recanalization treatment (98%) had a better prognosis than those with a combined procedure (95.6%) and TIPS/DIPS treatment (94.5%). The systematic review and meta-analysis further solidify the role of endovascular intervention treatment in BCS as safe and effective. It maintains high technical and clinical success and long-term survival rates. The recanalization treatment had a better prognosis and outcome than the combined procedures and TIPS/DIPS treatment.
New insights in the probability distributions of wave-by-wave overtopping volumes at vertical breakwaters
Authors: Salauddin M. , O’Sullivan J. J. , Abolfathi S. , Peng Z. , Dong S. , Pearson J. M.
Published: September 2022

Advances in the development of prediction tools for wave overtopping allow now for overtopping volumes to be estimated with good accuracy, with the combined use of mean overtopping rates and maximum wave by wave overtopping volumes in a sequence of wave overtopping events. While previous literature has tended to focus on mean overtopping rates at coastal structures, limited studies have investigated the wave by wave overtopping volumes at coastal sea defences; in particular, a paucity of studies have focussed on the prediction of the shape parameter in the Weibull distribution (i.e., Weibullb) of overtopping volumes. This study provides new insights on the probability distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes at plain vertical seawalls by analysing the measured Weibullbvalues derived from a series of laboratory experiments on seawalls performed on a wide range of wave conditions and crest freeboards. The influence of wave conditions (wave steepness, significant wave height), structural parameters (crest freeboard, toe water depth), impulsiveness, probability of overtopping waves, and overtopping discharge on Weibullbparameter were examined, and then compared with the well-established empirical formulae. For the conditions covered within this study, it was found that the probability distribution of wave-by-wave overtopping volumes follow a 2-parameter Weibull distribution. No apparent differences in Weibullbvalues were reported with the variation of incident wave steepness and impulsiveness parameter. Results of this study revealed that Weibullbvalues at vertical walls, subjected to non-impulsive wave conditions, can be predicted reasonably well using relative freeboard and relative overtopping rates. A new unified formula is proposed for the estimation of Weibullbvalues at vertical walls under impulsive and non-impulsive wave attack.
Vaginal microbial shifts are unaffected by oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in South African women
Authors: Mazibuko-Motau Noluthando , Sobia Parveen , Xu Jiawu , Elsherbini Joseph Ahmed , San James E. , Lewis Lara , Mtshali Andile , Mzobe Gugulethu , Ntuli Lungelo , Abdool Karim Salim S. , Mansoor Leila E. , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , Kwon Douglas S. , Archary Derseree , Ngcapu Sinaye
Published: September 2022

Vaginal microbiota have been shown to be a modifier of protection offered by topical tenofovir in preventing HIV infection in women, an effect not observed with oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). It remains unclear whether PrEP can influence the vaginal microbiota composition. This study investigated the impact of daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in combination with emtricitabine for PrEP on the vaginal microbiota in South African women. At baseline, Lactobacillus iners or Gardnerella vaginalis dominant vaginal communities were observed in the majority of participants. In cross sectional analysis, vaginal microbiota were not affected by the initiation and use of PrEP. Longitudinal analysis revealed that Lactobacillus crispatus-dominant “cervicotypes 1 (CT1)” communities had high probability of remaining stable in PrEP group, but had a higher probability of transitioning to L. iners-dominant CT2 communities in non-PrEP group. L. iners-dominant communities were more likely to transition to communities associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), irrespective of PrEP or antibiotic use. As expected, BV-linked CTs had a higher probability of transitioning to L. iners than L. crispatus dominant CTs and this shift was not associated with PrEP use.
A message passing framework with multiple data integration for miRNA-disease association prediction
Authors: Dong Thi Ngan , Schrader Johanna , Mücke Stefanie , Khosla Megha
Published: September 2022

Micro RNA or miRNA is a highly conserved class of non-coding RNA that plays an important role in many diseases. Identifying miRNA-disease associations can pave the way for better clinical diagnosis and finding potential drug targets. We propose a biologically-motivated data-driven approach for the miRNA-disease association prediction, which overcomes the data scarcity problem by exploiting information from multiple data sources. The key idea is to enrich the existing miRNA/disease-protein-coding gene (PCG) associations via a message passing framework, followed by the use of disease ontology information for further feature filtering. The enriched and filtered PCG associations are then used to construct the inter-connected miRNA-PCG-disease network to train a structural deep network embedding (SDNE) model. Finally, the pre-trained embeddings and the biologically relevant features from the miRNA family and disease semantic similarity are concatenated to form the pair input representations to a Random Forest classifier whose task is to predict the miRNA-disease association probabilities. We present large-scale comparative experiments, ablation, and case studies to showcase our approach’s superiority. Besides, we make the model prediction results for 1618 miRNAs and 3679 diseases, along with all related information, publicly available at http://software.mpm.leibniz-ai-lab.de/to foster assessments and future adoption.
Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to a natural disaster and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in Indian children
Authors: Hanć Tomasz , Gomula Aleksandra , Nowak-Szczepanska Natalia , Chakraborty Raja , Kozieł Sławomir
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the relation between early exposure to stressful events and symptoms of the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, based on the outcomes from a natural experiment. It was hypothesized that children pre- and postnatally exposed to cyclone Aila have increased ADHD symptoms compared to the control group, and the effect depends on the timing of the exposure. Indian children (8–11 years) prenatally (N = 336) and early postnatally (N = 216) exposed to cyclone Aila were compared to a non-exposed control peer group (N = 285). ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Conner’s Teacher Rating Scale Revised. The main effect of exposure to the cyclone on the total ADHD symptoms’ score, ADHD index, Hyperactivity and Oppositional symptoms was significant and independent to covariates: age and sex of children, gestational age and birth weight, maternal stress during the year before the study and the socioeconomic status of a family. The timing of exposure and sex of the children were found to be a significant moderator of the relation between early exposure to the natural disaster and ADHD symptoms. The prenatal, but also early postnatal exposure to stressful experiences such as a natural disaster, may disturb the development of cognitive functions and behavioural control, thus increasing the risk of ADHD in children.
Honey bees save energy in honey processing by dehydrating nectar before returning to the nest
Authors: Nicolson Susan W. , Human Hannelie , Pirk Christian W. W.
Published: September 2022

Honey bees process nectar into honey by active evaporation on the tongue and passive evaporation involving nest ventilation and fanning behaviour, as well as enzymatic action. The elimination of excess water from nectar carries considerable energetic costs. The concentration of the nectar load is assumed to remain constant during transport. However, some of this water elimination may occur before foragers return to the nest and pass their nectar loads to receiver bees. In honey bees captured while foraging in Macadamia orchards, we show that the nectar in their crops has approximately twice the sugar concentration of the fresh nectar in flowers. This was true for four Macadamia cultivars, with up to 75% of the initial water content being removed. There is a further concentration increase in the crops of returning bees captured at the hive entrance. The only possible route of water elimination from the crop is via evaporation from the mouthparts. We calculate the savings in honey processing costs to be on average 35 times more than the reduction in flight costs due to reduced body mass. Pre-concentration of nectar in foraging honey bees may be widespread, and of crucial importance for honey storage.
Role of metal (Pt)–support (MgO) interactions in base-free glucose dehydrogenation
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Li Chuang , Niu Hongyu , Liang Changhai
Published: September 2022

The solid base support MgO instead of a homogeneous base increases the efficiency of Pt-catalysed glucose dehydrogenation and avoids catalyst poisoning due to alkali metal ions.
Indium(iii)/2-benzoylpyridine chemistry: interesting indium(iii) bromide-assisted transformations of the ligand
Authors: Stamou Christina , Lada Zoi G. , Chasapis Christos T. , Papaioannou Dionissios , Dechambenoit Pierre , Perlepes Spyros P.
Published: September 2022

The chemistry of the InX3/2-benzoylpyridine reaction systems (X = Cl, Br) is interesting, including InBr3-assisted reactivity patterns of the coordinated ligand.
Two novel lactic acid bacteria,Limosilactobacillus fermentumMN-LF23 andLactobacillus gasseriMN-LG80, inhibitedHelicobacter pyloriinfection in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Zhao Yuyang , Li Zhipeng , Zhao Liang , Wang Jian , Wang Fan , Zhang Qi , Wang Xiaoyu , Sang Yue , Zhan Jing , He Jingjing , Li Ning , Kang Xiaohong , Chen Jianguo , Wang Ran
Published: September 2022

We identified two novel lactic acid bacteriaLactobacillus fermentumMN-LF23 andLactobacillus gasseriMN-LG80 that can remarkably inhibitHelicobacter pyloriinfection.
Enhanced antibacterial activity with increasing P doping ratio in CQDs
Authors: Chai Shuiqin , Zhou Lijia , Chi Yuting , Chen Linshuo , Pei Shuchen , Chen Bin
Published: September 2022

The preparation of CQDs and their antibacterial effects.
Copper-catalyzed [3+3] annulation of ketones with oxime acetates for the synthesis of pyridines
Authors: Li Yilin , Yang Kai , Cao Liang
Published: September 2022

We have successfully developed a practical Cu-catalyzed formal [3+3] annulation of ketones with oxime acetates, providing an efficient approach to valuable polysubstituted pyridines in moderate to good yields.
One-pot synthesis of chromenes in the presence of nano-cellulose/Ti(IV)/Fe3O4 as natural-based magnetic nano-catalysts under solvent free conditions
Authors: Gholami Raziyeh , Bamoniri Abdolhamid , Fatemeh Mirjalili Bi Bi
Published: September 2022

In this study, the preparation of magnetic catalysts of titanium tetrachloride stabilized on nano-cellulose named cellulose/Ti(IV)/Fe3O4 was investigated.
Deep learning potential of mean force between polymer grafted nanoparticles
Authors: Gautham Sachin M. B. , Patra Tarak K.
Published: September 2022

A deep neural network learns the effective interaction between a pair of polymer grafted nanoparticles and predicts their large-scale self-assembly.
Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status Representation in U.S.-Based Randomized Controlled Trials of Tinnitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Deshpande Shruti Balvalli , Deshpande Aniruddha K.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate if peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the management/treatment of tinnitus conducted in the United States include diverse participants in terms of gender, race/ethnicity, education, occupation, and income.

Method:

We performed a comprehensive and systematic literature search via PubMed, Web of Science, Clinical-Trials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Our goal was to identify prospective RCTs of tinnitus intervention conducted in the United States from January 1994 to September 2021 and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Results:

A total of 2,584 studies were retrieved. Thirty-two peer-reviewed articles met all inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, approximately 96% reported participants' gender. Approximately 15% studies reported race/ethnicity information in alignment with the U.S. Census Bureau. However, an underrepresentation of both females and people of color was evident across studies. Reporting of socioeconomic status information of participants was also scarce, with only 25% studies reporting education and/or occupation of participants and 0% reporting income levels.

Conclusions:

This study indicates underrepresentation and underreporting of diverse participant pools in tinnitus research. Reasons for such underrepresentation are explored. Additionally, this systematic review indicates that recent research in tinnitus portrays an optimistic trend in terms of reporting and recruitment of diverse participant groups. Sustainable strategies for including diverse research participants are essential for hearing health care equity. Research and strategies to promote this goal are discussed.
Social-Pragmatic Skills and Length of Bilingualism Predict Inhibitory Control in Children
Authors: Slawny Caitlyn , Crespo Kimberly , Weismer Susan Ellis , Kaushanskaya Margarita
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

There is conflicting evidence regarding effects of bilingualism on inhibition, and the mechanisms that might underlie the effects remain unclear. A prominent account views additional demands on structural language use in bilinguals as being at the root of bilingual effects on inhibition. In this study, we tested the novel hypothesis that social-pragmatic skills (alone or together with structural language skills) are associated with inhibition in bilingual children.

Method:

Parents of 114 typically developing 8- to 11-year-old Spanish–English bilingual children completed the Children's Communication Checklist–Second Edition to index social pragmatics and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function to index executive functioning skills. The Inhibit clinical scale score reflected children's inhibition. Children's language ability was indexed by the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition in English and Spanish. Length of bilingualism was operationalized continuously as the length of time children had been exposed to both languages in their lifetime. Moderation analyses tested the effects of structural language, social-pragmatic skills, and length of bilingual experience, and their interactions on inhibition.

Results:

While structural language skills were not associated with inhibition, they moderated the relation between social-pragmatic skills and inhibition, such that children with better social-pragmatic skills demonstrated better inhibition, and this effect was stronger for children with better structural language skills. Furthermore, longer length of bilingual experience was associated with better inhibition, and this effect was not moderated by any other predictor.

Conclusion:

These results confirm a graded relationship between bilingualism and inhibition, and indicate that this association is not qualified by structural language or social-pragmatic skills.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21183916