bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protozoan and myxozoan infections in wild gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) from North Lake of Tunis, Tunisia
Authors: Bahri Sihem
Published: May 2012

A total of 150 gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L., from North Lake of Tunis, Tunisia, were studied for protozoan and myxozoan parasites. The parasitological survey revealed the presence of ectoparasites (Amyloodinium ocellatum Brown, 1931, Trichodina lepsii Lom, 1962 on the gills) and endoparasites (Ceratomyxa sparusaurati Sitjà-Bobadilla, Palenzuela et Alvarez-Pellitero, 1995 infecting the gallbladder, and Eimeria sparis Sitjà-Bobadilla, Palenzuela et Alvarez-Pellitero, 1996 parasitizing the intestine). This is the first record of Amyloodinium ocellatum, Trichodina lepsii, Ceratomyxa sparusaurati, and Eimeria sparis in S. aurata from Tunisian waters. Data on prevalence and intensity of infection are provided. A comparison of the present species with previously described species in cultured gilthead seabream from other Mediterranean countries is also presented. In this study Trichodina lepsii is identified for the first time in Sparus aurata. A taxonomic description of this species based on silver nitrate method is provided.
Levels of oxidative stress markers: correlation with hepatic function and worm burden patients with schistosomiasis
Authors: Cunha G. , Silva V. , Bessa K. , Bitencourt M. , Macêdo U. , Freire-Neto F. , Martins R. , Assis C. , Lemos T. , Almeida M. , Freire A.
Published: May 2012

Schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma mansoni and is a public health problem in Brazil. The typical granulomatous lesion is associated with the increase in the oxidative damage by generation of free radicals. The aim of this work was to correlate some oxidative stress markers with the worm burden on carriers of schistosomiasis (n = 30) in the acute phase in comparison to healthy subjects (n = 30). The pro-oxidant parameter used was the colorimetric quantification of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid, while the antioxidant markers used were blood content of reduced glutathione and determination of the activity of catalase. The worm burden was assessed by Kato-Katz method. The results pointed out that initially there was no difference in the catalase activity. However, there was a positive correlation between the increase in parasitic load and intensity of lipid peroxidation, and decrease in the content of reduced glutathione. Additionally, only the aspartate aminotransferase levels presented to be high, while there was a decrease in bilirubin level. Therefore, a possible association between the establishment of the oxidative stress in tissue and the parasitic load of Schistosoma mansoni is suggested.
Effects of Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Fields on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Cultured Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Zhang Xin , Xu Zhengjian , He Rongxin
Published: May 2012

Background

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) used in stem-cell tissue engineering can help elucidate their biological principles.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity EMFs on cell proliferation, differentiation, and cycle in mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the in vivo effects of EMFs on BMSC.

Methods

Harvested BMSCs were cultured for 3 generations and divided into 4 groups. The methylthiotetrazole (MTT) assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured via a colorimetric assay on the 3rd, 7th, and 10th days. Changes in cell cycle also were analyzed on the 7th day, and bone nodule formation was analyzed on the 12th day. Additionally, the expression of the collagen I gene was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on the 10th day. The BMSCs of the irradiated group and the control group were transplanted into cortical bone of different mice femurs separately, with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) serving as a scaffold. After 4 and 8 weeks, bone the bone specimens of mice were sliced and stained by hematoxylin and eosin separately.

Results

The results showed that EMFs (0.5 mT, 50 Hz) accelerated cellular proliferation, enhanced cellular differentiation, and increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M+S (postsynthetic gap 2 period/mitotic phase + S phase) of the stimulation. The EMF-exposed groups had significantly higher collagen I messenger RNA levels than the control group. The EMF + osteogenic medium–treated group readily formed bone nodules. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed a clear flaking of bone tissue in the irradiated group.

Conclusion

Irradiation of BMSCs with low-intensity EMFs (0.5 mT, 50 Hz) increased cell proliferation and induced cell differentiation. The results of this study did not establish a stricter animal model for studying osteogenesis, and only short-term results were investigated. Further study of the mechanism of EMF is needed.
Repeatability of the Six-Minute Walk Test and Relation to Physical Function in Survivors of a Critical Illness
Authors: Alison Jennifer A. , Kenny Patricia , King Madeleine T. , McKinley Sharon , Aitken Leanne M. , Leslie Gavin D. , Elliott Doug
Published: May 2012

Background

The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is widely used as an outcome measure in exercise rehabilitation. However, the repeatability of the 6MWT performed at home in survivors of a critical illness has not been evaluated.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in survivors of a critical illness: (1) the repeatability of the 6MWT performed at home, (2) the effect on estimates of change in functional exercise capacity if only one 6MWT was performed at follow-up assessments, and (3) the relationship between the physical functioning (PF) score of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) and the 6MWT.

Design

Repeated measures of the 6MWT and SF-36 were obtained.

Methods

Eligible participants had an intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay of ≥48 hours and were mechanically ventilated for ≥24 hours. Two 6MWTs and the SF-36 were conducted in participants' homes at weeks 1, 8, and 26 after hospital discharge.

Results

One hundred seventy-three participants completed the study. The participants had a mean age of 57 years (SD=16), a mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score on admission of 19 (SD=10), a mean ICU length of stay of 9 days (SD=8), and a mean mechanical ventilation time of 140 hours (SD=137). Of the 173 participants, 110 performed two 6MWTs at weeks 1, 8, and 26. There were significant mean increases in 6-minute walk distance in the second test of 15 m (P<.0001) at week 1, 13 m (P<.0001) at week 8, and 9 m (P=.04) at week 26. If only one 6MWT was performed at weeks 8 and 26, the estimate of change in 6-minute walk distance from week 1 was 19 m less (P<.001) at both weeks 8 and 26. There was a moderate to strong correlation between SF-36 PF score and 6-minute walk distance at each assessment (week 1: r=.62, P<.001; week 8: r=.55, P<.001; and week 26: r=.47, P<.001).

Limitations

Some study participants were unable to perform a second 6MWT, and these participants may have differed in important aspects of function compared with those individuals who completed two 6MWTs.

Conclusions

In survivors of a critical illness, the 6MWT in the home environment should be performed twice at each assessment to give an accurate reflection of change in exercise capacity over time. The SF-36 PF score was a strong indicator of 6-minute walk distance in early recovery from a critical illness.
Cost-effectiveness of carotid artery stent placement versus endarterectomy in patients with carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Khan Asif A. , Chaudhry Saqib A. , Sivagnanam Kamesh , Hassan Ameer E. , Suri M. Fareed K. , Qureshi Adnan I.
Published: May 2012

Object

The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) demonstrated that the risk of the primary composite outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), or death did not differ significantly in patients with an average surgical risk undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS) and those undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). However, the cost associated with CAS may limit its broad applicability. The authors' goal in this paper was to determine the cost-effectiveness of CAS with an embolic-protection device versus CEA in patients with moderate to severe carotid artery stenosis who are at average surgical risk.

Methods

The probability of the primary outcome was obtained from the results of the CREST trial. The quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with each treatment modality were estimated by adjusting for the incidence of each quality-adjusted outcome (QALY weights of ipsilateral stroke, MI, death, and postprocedure QALYs). The total cost associated with each intervention was derived from hospitalization cost and cost associated with primary outcomes including stroke, MI, and death in each group. Costs are expressed in US dollars accounting for inflation up to October 2010. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were estimated for the 4-year period after the procedure. All values are expressed as means and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

The estimated net costs for patients after treatment with CAS and CEA after consideration of the primary outcome were $18,335 and $13,276, respectively, from the definitive presimulation analysis. Postsimulation values were $19,210 (range $18,264–$20,156) and $14,080 (range $13,076–$15,084), respectively. Overall, QALYs for the CAS and CEA groups were 0.712 and 0.702, respectively (ranging from 0.0 [death] to 0.815 [no adverse events]). The estimated ICER for CAS versus CEA treatment was $229,429.

Conclusions

Although the CREST demonstrated equivalent results with CAS (compared with CEA) in patients at average surgical risk with severe carotid artery stenosis, broad applicability of CAS might be limited by the higher cost associated with this procedure.
Why does endoscopic aqueductoplasty fail so frequently? Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow after endoscopic third ventriculostomy and aqueductoplasty using cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Schroeder Christiane , Fleck Steffen , Gaab Michael R. , Schweim Klaus H. , Schroeder Henry W. S.
Published: May 2012

Object

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare CSF flow after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and endoscopic aqueductoplasty (EAP) in patients presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal stenosis.

Methods

In patients harboring aqueductal stenosis who underwent EAP (n = 8), ETV (n = 8), and both ETV and EAP (n = 6), CSF flow through the restored aqueduct and through the ventriculostomy was investigated using cine cardiac-gated phase-contrast MRI. For qualitative evaluation of CSF flow, an in-plane phase-contrast sequence in the midsagittal plane was used. The MR images were displayed in a closed-loop cine format. Quantitative through-plane measurements were performed in the axial plane perpendicular to the aqueduct and/or floor of the third ventricle.

Results

Evaluation revealed significantly higher CSF flow through the ventriculostomies compared with flow through the aqueducts. This was true both when comparing the ETV group with the EAP group and when comparing the flow of the ventriculostomy and aqueduct within the ETV and EAP group. There was no difference in aqueductal CSF flow between patients who underwent EAP alone and patients who underwent ETV and EAP. There was also no difference in ventriculostomy CSF flow between patients who underwent ETV alone and patients who underwent ETV and EAP. Fifty percent of the restored aqueducts became occluded at a mean of 46 months after surgery (range 18–126 months). In contrast, all ETVs remained patent in the mean follow-up period of 110 months after surgery, although 1 patient required shunt placement after 66 months.

Conclusions

Cerebrospinal fluid flow through ventriculostomies is significantly higher than aqueductal CSF flow after EAP. This could be one factor to explain why the reclosure rate of aqueducts after EAP is higher than the reclosure rate of the ventriculostoma after ETV.
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in a patient with vasospasm due to staphylococcal meningitis
Authors: Buechner David , Gelfand Michael S. , Cleveland Kerry O.
Published: May 2012

Arterial large vessel vasculopathy is an unusual complication of bacterial meningitis in adults that may result in cerebral ischemia and severe neurological sequelae. Previous therapy has included antimicrobials with no specific vascular interventions. The authors report their experience with a patient with bacterial meningitis who developed a vasculopathy with neurological deficits. Percutaneous intracranial intervention was used successfully with anatomical and functional improvement.
Ginsenoside Rg3 Reduces Lipid Accumulation with AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Lee Seohyun , Lee Mak-Soon , Kim Chong-Tai , Kim In-Hwan , Kim Yangha
Published: May 2012

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide, and dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for CVD. Ginseng has been widely used in the clinic to treat CVD. Ginsenoside Rg3, one of the major active components of ginseng, has been reported to exhibit antiobesity, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective effects. However, the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on hepatic lipid metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether ginsenoside Rg3 would regulate hepatic lipid metabolism with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 significantly reduced hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). Ginsenoside Rg3 increased activity of AMPK, a major regulator of energy metabolism. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 reduces hepatic lipid accumulation with inhibition of SREBP-2 and HMGCR expression and stimulation of AMPK activity in HepG2 cells. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg3 may be beneficial as a food ingredient to lower the risk of CVD by regulating dyslipidemia.
Streptozotocin-Induced Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells
Authors: Raza Haider , John Annie
Published: May 2012

Streptozotocin (STZ) is an antibiotic often used in the treatment of different types of cancers. It is also highly cytotoxic to the pancreatic beta-cells and therefore is commonly used to induce experimental type 1 diabetes in rodents. Resistance towards STZ-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells has also been reported. Our previous studies have reported organ-specific toxicity and metabolic alterations in STZ-induced diabetic rats. STZ induces oxidative stress and metabolic complications. The precise molecular mechanism of STZ-induced toxicity in different tissues and carcinomas is, however, unclear. We have, therefore, investigated the mechanism of cytotoxicity of STZ in HepG2 hepatoma cells in culture. Cells were treated with different doses of STZ for various time intervals and the cytotoxicity was studied by observing the alterations in oxidative stress, mitochondrial redox and metabolic functions. STZ induced ROS and RNS formation and oxidative stress as measured by an increase in the lipid peroxidation as well as alterations in the GSH-dependent antioxidant metabolism. The mitochondria appear to be a highly sensitive target for STZ toxicity. The mitochondrial membrane potential and enzyme activities were altered in STZ treated cells resulting in the inhibition of ATP synthesis. ROS-sensitive mitochondrial aconitase activity was markedly inhibited suggesting increased oxidative stress in STZ-induced mitochondrial toxicity. These results suggest that STZ-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells is mediated, at least in part, by the increase in ROS/RNS production, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our study may be significant for better understanding the mechanisms of STZ action in chemotherapy and drug induced toxicity.
Information and Physics
Authors: Vedral Vlatko
Published: May 2012

In this paper I discuss the question: what comes first, physics or information? The two have had a long-standing, symbiotic relationship for almost a hundred years out of which we have learnt a great deal. Information theory has enriched our interpretations of quantum physics, and, at the same time, offered us deep insights into general relativity through the study of black hole thermodynamics. Whatever the outcome of this debate, I argue that physicists will be able to benefit from continuing to explore connections between the two.
Chiral Aminophosphines as Catalysts for Enantioselective Double-Michael Indoline Syntheses
Authors: Khong San N. , Kwon Ohyun
Published: May 2012

The bisphosphine-catalyzed double-Michael addition of dinucleophiles to electron-deficient acetylenes is an efficient process for the synthesis of many nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Because the resulting heterocycles contain at least one stereogenic center, this double-Michael reaction would be even more useful if an asymmetric variant of the reaction were to be developed. Aminophosphines can also facilitate the double-Michael reaction and chiral amines are more readily available in Nature and synthetically; therefore, in this study we prepared several new chiral aminophosphines. When employed in the asymmetric double-Michael reaction between ortho-tosylamidophenyl malonate and 3-butyn-2-one, the chiral aminophosphines produced indolines in excellent yields with moderate asymmetric induction.
QSAR Modeling on Benzo[c]phenanthridine Analogues as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors and Anti-cancer Agents
Authors: Thai Khac-Minh , Bui Quang-Huynh , Tran Thanh-Dao , Huynh Thi-Ngoc-Phuong
Published: May 2012

Benzo[c]phenanthridine (BCP) derivatives were identified as topoisomerase I (TOP-I) targeting agents with pronounced antitumor activity. In this study, hologram-QSAR, 2D-QSAR and 3D-QSAR models were developed for BCPs on topoisomerase I inbibitory activity and cytotoxicity against seven tumor cell lines including RPMI8402, CPT-K5, P388, CPT45, KB3-1, KBV-1and KBH5.0. The hologram, 2D, and 3D-QSAR models were obtained with the square of correlation coefficient R2 = 0.58 − 0.77, the square of the crossvalidation coefficient q2 = 0.41 − 0.60 as well as the external set’s square of predictive correlation coefficient r2 = 0.51 − 0.80. Moreover, the assessment method based on reliability test with confidence level of 95% was used to validate the predictive power of QSAR models and to prevent over-fitting phenomenon of classical QSAR models. Our QSAR model could be applied to design new analogues of BCPs with higher antitumor and topoisomerase I inhibitory activity.
Bali et les peintres « indonésiens » ou l'invention d'un mythe national
Authors: Couteau Jean
Published: May 2012

Jean Couteau, I.S.I., Denpasar

Bali et les peintres «indonésiens » ou l'invention d'un mythe national

This article analyses the discourse on painting by the Indonesian center concerning its Balinese periphery. It shows that during the post-independence period, when the Soekarnists viewed the island as a contemporary ersatz for Majapahit, the «Indonesian» painters of Bali kept the « exoticization » of representation to a minimum, while emphasizing the pan- Indonesian features of « race » and society. Balinese identity was subsumed within that of the nation. During the New Order, the opposite view was taken. Painters «exoticized» a Bali now for sale on the international market. This emphasis on « difference » went along with an upsurge in the expression of ethno-religious identity.
L'identité de Surabaya dans la peinture moderne
Authors: Ngasiran Riadi
Published: May 2012

Riadi Ngasiran, Journaliste à Surabaya L'identité de Surabaya dans la peinture moderne

The history of painting in Surabaya shows some lasting patterns that are more related to the city's role as a cosmopolitan market since before WWII, rather than to its function as a creative centre. However, Surabaya's social and political history is such that an urban conscience developed, which translated into strong feelings of identity among the city's inhabitants : this identity was both real through their involvement with the city's debates and idealized by way of reconstructing a past of fighting the Allies, starting from November 1945. Artists have contributed to upholding this image by glorifying great deeds that have been renewed by the recent commitment to Reformasi. Meanwhile, painting integrates proletarian conditions through an empathetic participation in the suffering of the people, or more serenely, through a longing for the atmosphere of the city's old district.
The Manufacture of Chinese Gravestones in Indonesia - A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Salmon Claudine , Sidharta Myra
Published: May 2012

Claudine Salmon, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris & Myra Sidharta,

Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta

The Manufacture of Chinese Gravestones in Indonesia — A Preliminary Survey

Cet article se veut être une réflexion sur l'histoire de la fabrication des tombes chinoises d'Indonésie. Une première partie pose le problème de l'exportation, dans le temps long, de pierres funéraires de la région de Quanzhou, au Fujian, en direction de l'Insulinde ; les premières retracées remontant aux XIIIe et XIVe s. Une deuxième partie envisage l'implantation de tailleurs de pierre venus du Fujian dans plusieurs villes d'Indonésie et le transfert du savoir-faire chinois aux artisans locaux qui, à leur tour, ouvrent des ateliers - ceux de Salatiga (Java Central) étant les plus nombreux. La dernière partie traite des caractéristiques de ces tombes de style de Chine du sud et de leur évolution en rapport avec les conversions au christianisme, ainsi que de la continuité des liens commerciaux entre les tailleries de pierre de la région de Quanzhou et divers ateliers d'Indonésie.
La fonte de canons à Java, vers 1525
Authors: Dos Santos Alves Jorge
Published: May 2012

Jorge Manuel Dos Santos Alves, Instituto de Investigação Cientifica Tropical/ Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Lisbonne

La fonte de canons à Java, vers 1525

A document, recently rediscovered in the Portuguese archives of Torre do Tombo, bears witness that bronze cannons were cast in Panarukan (Java) as early as 1525.
Chronique de l’année des tigres : Raden Saleh entre Paris et Dresde
Authors: Scalliet Marie-Odette
Published: May 2012

Marie-Odette Scalliet, Leiden University Library

Chronique de l’année des tigres: Raden Saleh entre Paris et Dresde

In this short note, the author, a specialist of the Indonesian painter Raden Saleh, endeavours to track the history of several paintings made by the artist during the years of his stay in France. She comes to the conclusion that the large painting entitled “Boschbrand” had been a part of the collections of the king of Holland and therefore that this painting, of which nothing is presently known, might be looked for there. On the other hand, basing herself on detailed archived documents, she can assert that another canvas “Javanische Gegend, wo Tiger eine Gruppe Reisende belauschen”, which appeared in a Hong Kong auction in 2005, must be the one given by the painter to the Grand Duke Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
18F-FLT and 125I-IdUrd uptake increase in human tumour cell lines induced by the thymidylate synthase inhibitor FdUrd
Authors: Viertl D. , Perillo-Adamer F. , André P.-A. , Ametamey S. M. , Ross T. L. , Kosinski M. , Dupertuis Y. M. , Bischof Delaloye A. , Buchegger F.
Published: May 2012

Aim: 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) depletes the endogenous 5′-deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) pool. We hypothesized whether uptake of exogenous dThd analogues could be favoured through a feedback enhanced salvage pathway and studied the FdUrd effect on cellular uptake of 3′-deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) and 5-125I-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (125I-IdUrd) in different cancer cell lines in parallel. Methods: Cell uptake of 18F-FLT and 125I-IdUrd was studied in 2 human breast, 2 colon cancer and 2 glioblastoma lines. Cells were incubated with/without 1 μmol/l FdUrd for 1 h and, after washing, with 1.2 MBq 18F-FLT or 125I-IdUrd for 0.3 to 2 h. Cell bound 18F-FLT and 125I-IdUrd was counted and expressed in % incubated activity (%IA). Kinetics of 18F-FLT cell uptake and release were studied with/without FdUrd modulation. 2′-3H-methyl-fluorothymidine (2′-3H-FLT) uptake with/without FdUrd pretreatment was tested on U87 spheroids and monolayer cells. Results: Basal uptake at 2 h of 18F-FLT and 125I-IdUrd was in the range of 0.8–1.0 and 0.4–0.6 Bq/cell, respectively. FdUrd pretreatment enhanced 18F-FLT and 125I-IdUrd uptake 1.2–2.1 and 1.7–4.4 fold, respectively, while co-incubation with excess thymidine abrogated all 18F-FLT uptake. FdUrd enhanced 18F-FLT cellular inflow in 2 breast cancer lines by factors of 1.8 and 1.6, respectively, while outflow persisted at a slightly lower rate. 2′-3H-FLT basal uptake was very low while uptake increase after FdUrd was similar in U87 monolayer cells and spheroids. Conclusions: Basal uptake of 18F-FLT was frequently higher than that of 125I-IdUrd but FdUrd induced uptake enhancement was stronger for 125I-IdUrd in five of six cell lines. 18F-FLT outflow from cells might be an explanation for the observed difference with 125I-IdUrd.
Patient specific implants for amputation prostheses: Design, manufacture and analysis
Authors: DeVasConCellos P. , Balla V. K. , Bose S. , Fugazzi R. , Dernell W. S. , Bandyopadhyay A.
Published: May 2012

Objectives: To design, manufacture and analyze custom implants with functional gradation in macrostructure for attachment of amputation prostheses.

Methods: The external shape of the implant was designed by extracting geometrical data of canine cadavers from computed tomography (CT) scans to suit the bone cavity. Three generations of implant designs were developed and were optimized with the help of fit/fill and mechanical performance of implant-cadaver bone assembly using CT analysis and compression testing, respectively. A final optimized, custom Ti6Al4V alloy amputation implant, with approximately 25% porosity in the proximal region and approximaltely zero percent porosity in the distal region, was fabricated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™) – a laser based additive manufacturing technology.

Results: The proposed design changes in the second generation designs, in terms of refining thresholds, increased the average fill of the bone cavity from 58% to 83%. Addition of a flange between the stem and the head in the second generation designs resulted in more than a seven-fold increase in the compressive load carrying capacity of the assembly. Application of LENS™ in the fabrication of present custom fit Ti6Al4V alloy implants enabled incorporation of 20 to 30% porosity in the proximal region and one to two percent residual porosity in the distal portion of the implant.

Clinical significance: Patient specific prostheses having direct connection to the skeletal structure can potentially aid in problems related to load transfer and proprioception in amputees. Furthermore, application of LENS™ in the fabrication of custom implants can be faster to incorporate site specific porosity and gradients for improving long-term stability.
Stifle arthrodesis in two cats
Authors: Fitzpatrick N. , Farrell M. , Belch A.
Published: May 2012

Two Domestic Shorthaired cats were admitted after sustaining multiligamentous injuries of the stifle joint. In one cat, prosthetic ligamentous reconstruction was unsuccessful at maintaining normal stifle stability. Both cats were treated with stifle arthrodesis using internal fixation with a plate and screws without external coaptation. In one case, arthrodesis was achieved using a 2.7 mm 16-hole dynamic compression plate placed medially. In the second case, a 2.7 mm 14-hole dynamic compression plate was placed cranially. No major complications were noted, and both cats were able to return to good levels of activity in the medium term.
Late-onset fracture-associated osteosarcoma in a cat
Authors: Sonnenschein B. , Dickomeit M. J. , Bali M. S.
Published: May 2012

An 18-year-old male, castrated Domestic Shorthaired cat was presented with the complaint of acute severe lameness of the left pelvic limb. There was no history of trauma, apart from a distal physeal left femoral fracture that had been repaired 17 years previously. Radiology revealed a displaced distal metaphyseal femoral fracture with marked areas of bone lysis and periosteal proliferations. A pathological fracture due to a bone neoplasia was suspected. An amputation with coxofemoral disarticulation was performed. Histopathology confirmed the tentative diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma. No postoperative complications were encountered and the cat made a full recovery. This case shows an unusual presentation of a late-onset fracture-associated feline osteosarcoma.
Comparative anatomy, morphology, and molecular phylogenetics of the African genus Satanocrater (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Tripp Erin A. , Fatimah Siti
Published: May 2012

• Premise of the study: Anatomical and morphological features of Satanocrater were studied to test hypotheses of xeric adaptations in the genus, which is endemic to arid tropical Africa. These features, together with molecular data, were used to test the phylogenetic placement of Satanocrater within the large plant family Acanthaceae.

• Methods: We undertook a comparative study of four species of Satanocrater. Carbon isotope ratios were generated to test a hypothesis of C4 photosynthesis. Molecular data from chloroplast (trnG‐trnS, trnG‐trnR, psbA‐trnH) and nuclear (Eif3E) loci were used to test the placement of Satanocrater within Acanthaceae.

• Key results: Anatomical features reflecting xeric adaptations of species of Satanocrater included a thick‐walled epidermis, thick cuticle, abundant trichomes and glandular scales, stomata overarched by subsidiary cells, tightly packed mesophyll cells, and well‐developed palisade parenchyma on both leaf surfaces. Although two species had enlarged bundle sheath cells, a feature often implicated in C4 photosynthesis, isotope ratios indicated all species of Satanocrater use the C3 pathway. Molecular data resolved Satanocrater within tribe Ruellieae with strong support. Within Ruellieae, our data suggest that pollen morphology of Satanocrater may represent an intermediate stage in a transition series.

• Conclusions: Anatomical and morphological features of Satanocrater reflect adaptation to xeric environments and add new information about the biology of xerophytes. Morphological and molecular data place Satanocrater in the tribe Ruellieae with confidence. This study adds to our capacity to test hypotheses of broad evolutionary and ecological interest in a diverse and important family of flowering plants.
Development of microsatellite primers for Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) and transferability to congeners
Authors: Bressan Eduardo de A. , Scotton Danielle C. , Ferreira Renato R. , Jorge Erika C. , Sebbenn Alexandre M. , Gerald Lee T. S. , Figueira Antonio
Published: May 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae), a tree species with large potential for biofuel production, to investigate its natural genetic diversity and mating system to facilitate the establishment of tree improvement and conservation programs.

• Methods and Results: Using a protocol for genomic library enrichment, 104 clones containing 195 repeat motifs were identified. Primer pairs were developed for 40 microsatellite loci and validated in 41 accessions of J. curcas from six provenances. Nine loci were polymorphic revealing from two to eight alleles per locus, and six primers were able to amplify alleles in the congeners J. podagrica, J. pohliana, and J. gossypifolia, but not in other Euphorbiaceae species, such as Hevea brasiliensis, Manihot esculenta, or Ricinus communis.

• Conclusions: The primers developed here revealed polymorphic loci that are suitable for genetic diversity and structure, mating system, and gene flow studies in J. curcas, and some congeners.
Synthesis of axially chiral oxazoline–carbene ligands with an N-naphthyl framework and a study of their coordination with AuCl·SMe2
Authors: Wang Feijun , Li Shengke , Qu Mingliang , Zhao Mei-Xin , Liu Lian-Jun , Shi Min
Published: May 2012

Axially chiral oxazoline–carbene ligands with an N-naphthyl framework were successfully prepared, and their coordination behavior with AuCl·SMe2 was also investigated, affording the corresponding Au(I) complexes in moderate to high yields.
Le pulaaku, ultime recours contre les coupeurs de route
Authors: Seignobos Christian
Published: May 2012

Résumé Dans le numéro 239 d’ Afrique contemporaine , Christian Seignobos abordait les insécurités transfrontalières (Cameroun, Tchad, RCA) associées à la grave crise des sociétés pastorales, et les réponses apportées à ces insécurités par les pouvoirs traditionnels et la puissance publique. À cette forme de banditisme s’est ajoutée une forme de guerre civile ( fitna ) chez les Mbororo, entre ceux nantis en bétail et ceux qui n’en ont plus. Alors qu’en République centrafricaine les communautés mbororo ont privilégié de combattre les coupeurs de route ( zargina ) par des brigades, celles de la Bénoué recherchent une solution qui passe par un repliement psychique sur le passé et l’expiation.
Flux mondiaux, médias et démocraties en développement
Authors: Avle Seyram
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cet article examine la façon dont la mondialisation et les médias influent sur les démocraties en développement dans les pays du Sud. Il se focalise sur l’interaction entre des technologies en évolution, la réglementation et les entrepreneurs locaux disposant d’un savoir-faire international, et cerne leurs effets combinés sur l’écologie des médias. Sur la base d’une analyse historique et d’entretiens, l’article avance que, au Ghana, la libéralisation de l’industrie de la radiodiffusion, l’expertise des entrepreneurs « glocaux » et l’explosion des technologies des médias comme Internet et les téléphones portables ont conduit à une reconstitution de la sphère publique et à la création d’une nouvelle élite culturelle.
Autorité et pouvoir
Authors: Herfray Charlotte
Published: May 2012

Résumé C’est notre référentiel épistémologique qui commande le discours à travers lequel nous allons parler de l’être humain. Dans la « maison de Freud », il est un sujet divisé, habité de souvenirs inconscients qui sont les témoins d’affects dont les traces sont inscrites en nous depuis notre préhistoire psychique. La référence à Héraclite qui inclut le temps (« on ne se baigne jamais dans la même eau ») s’impose dans le discours freudien. Erasme le souligne quand il nous dit : « On ne naît pas humain, on le devient. » Et Goethe, pour sa part, n’est pas en reste quand il nous recommande : « Deviens ce que tu es. » L’être humain est un être en devenir et les liens les plus archaïques font effet chez le sujet freudien, dans ses rêves certes, mais surtout au cours de nos fins de vie. Ils se révèlent à notre insu, dans les effets de transfert où l’autre représente un autre, voire un grand Autre.
Comment dire l'actuel « malaise dans la civilisation » ?
Authors: Demailly Lise
Published: May 2012

Résumé Depuis plusieurs années, une thématique convergente et pluridisciplinaire évoque de « nouveaux symptômes », voire « une nouvelle économie psychique » et des « nouveaux sujets ». Si ces thèses ont l’intérêt de poser de façon concrète l’existence d’un rapport entre le lien social et l’appareil psychique, elles présentent des inconvénients théoriques et pratiques. L’article, après en avoir proposé une critique, dessine d’autres pistes pour penser l’actuel malaise dans la civilisation, du côté théorique, d’une historicisation du Symbolique et d’une historicisation du Réel, et, dans la clinique, d’une conduite inventive de la cure propre à aider les symptômes en mal d’élaboration à se construire.
Pouvoir (faire) autorité
Authors: Guy Claude
Published: May 2012

Résumé En s’interrogeant sur le constat selon lequel « l’autorité aujourd’hui ne tiendrait plus », l’auteur fait travailler la notion d’autorité. À partir de l’étymologie et de ses liens avec la notion de pouvoir, dont il déploie les implications sémantiques, l’auteur propose que l’enjeu du pouvoir, comme « du faire autorité », est de transmettre une loi symbolique qui limite la toute-puissance. « Être puissant », c’est conduire l’autre à une mise en œuvre de son désir. À défaut d’une pensée de la transmission qui soutienne l’exercice de l’autorité et du pouvoir, le rapport de force se déchaîne entre autoritarisme, arbitraire et répression. Les effets sur le champ social se traduisent par des violences et par une forme de tristesse nostalgique des jeunes générations, leur potentiel créatif n’étant plus accompagné et encore moins permis. L’institution psychanalytique n’est pas en reste des abus de pouvoir, surtout quand l’enjeu consiste à se faire reconnaître d’un pouvoir politique en quête de toujours plus d’ordre et de sécurité.
Le dysfonctionnement de la perception
Authors: Torkghashghaei Esmat
Published: May 2012

Résumé Le totalitarisme a une configuration pathologique du fonctionnement psychique chez les mouvements sectaires. Une pensée totalitaire est le fruit de la projection d’un narcissisme destructeur et mortifère qui figure un Moi idéal collectif tout-puissant. La haine de l’autre et les enjeux narcissiques par cette projection permettent et renforcent les dérives perverses et les violences paranoïaques.
Esth/éthique de l'amour (Supplément au Théorème du Surmâle)
Authors: Audi Paul
Published: May 2012

L’homme considéré comme « sujet désirant » a donné lieu à des analyses célèbres où la différence sexuelle a pu retrouver une part d’énigme. Et peut-être connaît-on mieux maintenant les liens qui unissent désir et répétition. Mais qu’en est-il plus précisément de la mécanique du désir quand elle fait basculer le désir du côté de l’amour ? Et à quel type d’amour avons-nous alors affaire ? Ici, il ne s’agira pas seulement de montrer que ce sont là quelques-unes des questions que suggère de soulever la lecture du roman d’Alfred Jarry, Le Surmâle, il s’agira aussi d’approcher les réponses à ces questions que l’on est en droit d’en attendre si l’on se tient résolument au croisement de la philosophie et de la psychanalyse.
Quelle construction de la virilité aujourd'hui ?
Authors: Landman Patrick
Published: May 2012

À l’heure de la fin de la domination masculine et du patriarcat en Occident, les garçons restent dans un piège « phallique ». Ils sont le sexe faible pour les pathologies mentales, surreprésentés dans l’échec scolaire. La virilité se construit sans modèle mais non sans identifications, elle se réduit à un semblant à construire au un par un. Est-ce le début de la libération de la condition masculine ?
L'illusion du masculin
Authors: Aguerre Jean-Claude
Published: May 2012

Dans cet article, l’illusion du masculin se décline à travers les personnages de Timothée illusionniste en guenilles du film de Benoît Jacquot Au fond des bois , à travers le toréador et son habit de lumière et le mythe de Don Juan. La force du désir, en nous faisant prendre des vessies pour des lanternes, peut donner corps, matérialiser les rêves les plus fous. L’ombre de Φ peut aider à rapprocher (a) de S̸ séparés par le poinçon. La brillance d’un éclat de phallus peut donner l’illusion au sujet que (a) est devenu accessible.
Le séducteur, entre tragédie et névrose
Authors: Lippi Silvia
Published: May 2012

À travers l’analyse de la figure tragique du séducteur, sous son versant obsessionnel et hystérique, je voudrais montrer comment ses agissements dévoilent sa difficulté à s’assumer dans son désir, et en particulier, dans son désir vis-à-vis d’une femme. Selon notre hypothèse, le donjuanisme n’est pas de structure pour l’homme, mais il peut se présenter comme un symptôme, ancré à la question paternelle, non résolue.
L'obscur objet du désir masculin
Authors: De Neuter Patrick
Published: May 2012

Après un survol des écrits de Freud, de Lacan et de quelques femmes analystes sous cet angle de la réponse aux questions : qu’est-ce qu’un homme ? Qu’est-ce qui caractérise son désir ? L’auteur conclut à la relative perplexité de Freud et de Lacan, à la variété des réponses apportées et, finalement, à la nécessité d’une réponse non réductrice. Deux facettes plus essentielles de ce désir masculin se dégagent de ce périple théorico-clinique : les effets souvent méconnus d’une identification féminine-maternelle archaïque et l’influence du rapport le plus souvent inconscient et très complexe à l’Imago maternelle originaire. Ces dimensions du désir inconscient infiltrent inévitablement ses amours et désirs d’adultes avec pour conséquence le clivage fréquent entre l’amour et le désir, les compulsions à la séduction, les agressivités et les haines conjugales et familiales ainsi que diverses angoisses de castration.
Associations masculines
Authors: Campi Édith
Published: May 2012

L’article traite de l’aspect universel des associations masculines et tente de poursuivre l’analyse de Freud sur les phénomènes de masse portés non pas par un meneur mais par un idéal collectif qui se substitue entièrement ou partiellement à un idéal du moi individuel et qui porterait toujours en lui la « première configuration d’amour », à savoir la « désirance du père ». Il traite également des associations masculines à une période historique précise, l’Allemagne du XIX e siècle, où celles-ci sont devenues l’objet de projections idéologiques. La recherche des origines et la volonté d’établir un lien entre passé et présent ont contribué à la formation de l’idéologie allemande de cette période, une idéologie qui a érigé le Männerbund en idéal identificatoire.
Mensch !
Authors: Moscovitz Jean-Jacques
Published: May 2012

Mensch en allemand signifie « humain » certes, mais ce terme est devenu dans la culture yiddish judéo-allemande un acte de nomination s’exprimant par une interjection, un compliment. Son abord nous fait parcourir plusieurs discours ; littéraire : Mensch ! , une fois passé dans la culture yiddish, veut dire « un type bien ». Il prend une valeur poétique avec Bashevis Singer, ce prince de la littérature ashkénaze, au point d’être traduit tel quel dans de nombreuses langues, comme le français, l’anglais, le russe ; historique : depuis l’attaque de l’humain / Mensch ! dans la rupture de l’histoire en Europe nazifiée ; psychanalytique enfin, avec cet étayage sous le terme de Nebenmensch de Freud, l’homme « à-côté », qui serait lieu, index, prémisse de la sexuation au sens de Lacan. Et ouvrant au registre du politique, voire « civilisationnel »...
Une subjectivité sans sujet
Authors: Hoffmann Christian
Published: May 2012

La clinique de l’hallucination présente un phénomène psychotique où le sujet disparaît. La question se pose ainsi de l’existence de phénomène sans sujet qu’on qualifiera de subjectivité sans sujet. L’argumentation nécessite de revisiter cette notion philosophique et scientifique de « subjectivité sans sujet » de Wittgenstein jusqu’au mouvement éliminativiste en sciences. Le retour actuel de la subjectivité en science et en philosophie peut s’expliquer par une lecture de l’histoire de la subjectivité de Foucault. Wittgenstein et Foucault maintiennent l’existence d’un sujet éthique où le sujet de la psychanalyse lacanienne n’est pas en reste. La reconnaissance de nouvelles subjectivités s’articulant à la variabilité des normes par la construction identitaire de pratiques de soi peut contribuer à éclairer ce qu’on appelle aujourd’hui « les nouvelles pathologies » qui englobent les « pathologies de la limite ». L’hypothèse de l’auteur propose de reconnaître que certaines constructions subjectives appuyées sur des pratiques identitaires de soi sont des « solutions élégantes » à un potentiel psychotique. La diversité des normes et la variabilité des subjectivités permettent à bon escient de nouvelles formes cliniques qui restent déterminées par la notion de structure.
Failles identitaires et phénomènes d'emprise : l'apport du travail psychanalytique
Authors: Lemaire Jean-Georges
Published: May 2012

Résumé À partir des traces originaires du « Nous » archaïque de chaque partenaire, le « lien amoureux » construit un nouveau Nous, investi sur un mode surtout narcissique, et « re-présentant » cette préforme historico-biologique. Le « Tu », d’abord « Objet » objectalement désiré, devient un « alter Ego » dont l’emprise déborde parfois sur l’identité. Ainsi naissent parfois des conflits de nature identitaire longtemps inconscients entre le je individuel et le nous , reproduisant au cours de la passion la problématique des premiers temps de l’existence, lorsque les frontières psychiques de Soi-même étaient encore indécises. Au travail psychanalytique s’imposent alors une dimension groupale et un usage spécifique de ses concepts.
Un couple qui dure… un lien groupal ?
Authors: Robert Philippe
Published: May 2012

Résumé Beaucoup de travaux ont été publiés sur le couple depuis les premières recherches de Jean-Georges Lemaire. Sont travaillées les alliances inconscientes et les crises conduisant à des ruptures ou à des réaménagements ; il est plus rarement évoqué les raisons de la « longévité » d’un couple. La faim d’excitation, pour reprendre le terme de Freud, devrait conduire quasi systématiquement à des ruptures. C’est certainement dans la qualité du destin du « courant tendre » que l’on peut comprendre le maintien d’un lien au-delà des aléas et des chaos éventuels de la relation.
Violences entre conjoints et thérapie en couple
Authors: Dubost Michelle
Published: May 2012

Résumé À travers le récit d’une thérapie en couple, est évoqué l’abord de la violence apportée et rapportée par un couple en séance. Lieu de dépôt de la souffrance et parfois de la violence, le dispositif de la thérapie en couple permet au thérapeute d’appréhender la façon dont le lien de couple donne à ses membres la possibilité d’une économie partagée, coûteuse mais aussi précieuse dans l’alliance inconsciente qui organise le lien. Un patient cheminement donnant aux actes et à certaines expressions non verbales la valeur d’ébauches de symbolisation rend possible l’accès à un récit reliant autrement les fils dénoués du lien du couple.
Liens de couple et formes de la parentalité
Authors: Aubertel Françoise
Published: May 2012

Résumé En s’appuyant sur trois exemples cliniques de thérapie familiale psychanalytique, l’auteur formule l’hypothèse que la forme que peut prendre la parentalité, et, notamment, ses souffrances et dysfonctionnements, découle des modalités du lien de couple et de ce qui a présidé à sa constitution. D’où l’intérêt de travailler dans un dispositif de thérapie familiale qui, en offrant la possibilité d’une régression au niveau de l’indifférencié des liens, en permet une reconstruction symbolique et fonctionnelle, préalable à un éventuel travail de thérapie de couple.
La transmission psychique et la constitution du lien… conjugal
Authors: de Souza Campos Paiva Maria Lucia , Gomes Isabel Cristina
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cet article analyse la transmission psychique entre les générations et son intervention dans la constitution du lien conjugal. L’on y étudiera les influences exercées par les familles d’origine sur les couples et leur action en ce qui concerne le développement de leur identité conjugale. Pour ce faire, on observera les mécanismes de transmission psychique ainsi que le Négatif et le lien conjugal. À travers le récit de l’histoire de la vie d’un couple, on parlera des marques du legs familial dans la constitution de ce lien marital. Le déclin du rôle masculin sur plusieurs générations des familles d’origine et la transmission psychique de la fragilité masculine sont signalés. Les conclusions montrent surtout que les héritages psychiques ont été déterminants dans la constitution du lien conjugal et ont rendu difficile l’établissement de l’identité conjugale.