bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ashanti Region, Ghana: a retrospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Panford Victoria , Kumah Emmanuel , Kokuro Collins , Adoma Prince Owusu , Baidoo Michael Afari , Fusheini Adam , Ankomah Samuel Egyakwa , Agyei Samuel Kofi , Agyei-Baffour Peter
Published: July 2022

Objective

Although several studies have assessed treatment outcomes of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) in Ghana, very little has been done in the area of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). The aim of this study was to determine treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients treated for MDR-TB in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.

Design

A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis.

Setting

The study was conducted in the Ashanti Region, the second most populous region in Ghana. The regional MDR-TB register, which contains information on all patients with MDR-TB being treated at the various TB centres in the region, was analysed between February and May 2021.

Participants

The participants consisted of all registered patients with MDR-TB who were placed on treatment between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020. Patients were included in the analysis if their treatment outcome had been assigned. Patients with no record of treatment outcome were excluded from the study.

Outcome measures

The main outcome variable for the study was MDR-TB treatment outcome, standardised as ‘cured’, ‘treatment completed’, ‘treatment failure’, ‘died’ and ‘lost to follow-up’. A logistic regression model was fitted for factors associated with the outcome measure.

Results

Out of 159 patients included in the analysis, 86 (54.1%) were declared cured, 28 (17.6%) completed their treatment successfully, 6 (3.8%) were declared treatment failure, 12 (7.5%) were lost to follow-up and 27 (17.0%) died. The overall treatment success rate was 71.7%. Patients who were female (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.27, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.39, p=0.023), younger (AOR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.19 to 2.11, p=0.012), had a higher level of education (AOR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.90, p=0.034), had a baseline body mass index of 18.5 kg/m2 or above (AOR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.47, p=0.011) and those who did not have a history of TB (AOR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.75, p=0.028) were more likely to have successful MDR-TB treatment outcomes.

Conclusions

Favourable treatment outcomes for patients with MDR-TB can be achieved in a resource-limited country. Although the recommended WHO target of ≥75% was not met, the current result (71.7% treatment success rate) is still commendable considering all the challenges associated with TB treatment in Ghana.
Lesson from the continuing 21st century motor vehicle success
Authors: Hemenway David , Lee Lois K.
Published: July 2022

In 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention proclaimed the reduction in motor vehicle fatalities to be one of the great public health achievements of the 20th century. That motor vehicle success story has had enormous intellectual impact on the injury prevention field, providing many guiding lessons. Can we learn any lessons from what has happened to motor vehicle safety in the 21st century? A key lesson may come from the fact that the great injury achievement of reducing the motor vehicle death rate did not stop in 2000—it continued. We believe that is largely due to the 20th century creation of the conditions that promote continuous declines in injury. By contrast, in the firearms area, these conditions do not exist, and rates of death have not fallen, but have increased. As the idea of continuous quality improvement has become a staple in medicine, we should similarly have a focus on how to continuously reduce injuries. An important lesson from the 21st century motor vehicle success story for the injury prevention field is that we should put more strategic emphasis on creating the conditions that will lead to continuous reductions in injuries. But first we need a much better understanding of what those conditions are.
Role of artificial intelligence in defibrillators: a narrative review
Authors: Brown Grace , Conway Samuel , Ahmad Mahmood , Adegbie Divine , Patel Nishil , Myneni Vidushi , Alradhawi Mohammad , Kumar Niraj , Obaid Daniel R , Pimenta Dominic , Bray Jonathan J H
Published: July 2022

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias. AEDs and ICDs use shock advice algorithms to classify ECG tracings as shockable or non-shockable rhythms in clinical practice. Machine learning algorithms have recently been assessed for shock decision classification with increasing accuracy. Outside of rhythm classification alone, they have been evaluated in diagnosis of causes of cardiac arrest, prediction of success of defibrillation and rhythm classification without the need to interrupt cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This review explores the many applications of machine learning in AEDs and ICDs. While these technologies are exciting areas of research, there remain limitations to their widespread use including high processing power, cost and the ‘black-box’ phenomenon.
Water and salt transport characteristics in a soil column in the presence of a low-permeable body
Authors: Guo Yi , Wang Quanjiu , Liu Yang , Zhang Jihong , Wei Kai
Published: July 2022

Soil water infiltration is an important factor affecting surface runoff, soil erosion, and soil solute transmission. Increasing soil infiltration reduces runoff and erosion. The presence of low-permeable body in soil can enhance soil infiltration capacity. However, different depths of low-permeable body have unknown effects on water infiltration and salt transfer. In this work, we evaluated the effects of low-permeable body with varied depths (control (CK), 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm) on silty loam soil water and salt movement using 15 soil columns (23 cm internal diameter, 50 cm length). Experimental results showed that low-permeable body increased infiltration rate and wetting front migration rate. Infiltration rate and wetting front propulsion rate decreased with the increase of the burial depth. Compared with the CK, when the depth of wetting front reached 20 cm, the infiltration time of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm burial depth treatment was shortened by 72.24%, 56.29%, 44.61%, and 31.01%, respectively. Simultaneously, the existence of low-permeable body led to the increase of soil water content and salt content in the same soil layer, which indicated that the low-permeable body enhanced the soil holding capacity and reduced the salt leakage to the deep soil. Furthermore, the Philip’s model and the algebraic model were used to describe the infiltration process. Fitting results showed that the sorptivity in the Philip’s model increased with burial depth, while the comprehensive shape coefficient in the algebraic model decreased. Therefore, this study provides a reference for the application of low-permeable body in the improving soil infiltration capacity and controlling salt transport.
All analytic solutions for geodesic motion in axially symmetric space-times
Authors: Ospino J. , Hernández-Pastora J. L. , Núñez L. A.
Published: July 2022

Recent observations of the orbits of star clusters around Sgr $$A^\star $$

A
⋆

, imaging of black holes and gravitational waveforms of merging compact objects require a detailed understanding of the general relativistic geodesic motion. We came up with a method to provide all the possible geodesics in an axially symmetric space-time. The Kerr metric is explicitly worked out, recovering the Schwarzschild geodesics in the static limit. We also found the most general Killing tensor and its associated constant of motion for an axisymmetric space-time. The relevance of these results is crucial to understanding the different scenarios and the fundamental nature of the compact object at the galactic center.
Fractional-order control for nano-positioning of piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhang Yi , Zhao Zhongyang , Li Dongjie
Published: July 2022

Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in the field of high-precision positioning control. However, due to the inherent hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuators, it can seriously affect their accuracy in tracking and positioning systems, and even cause system instability. In order to suppress the hysteresis characteristics of piezoelectric, based on the analysis of piezoelectric characteristics and the characteristics of classical Bouc–Wen model, a Bouc–Wen model is adopted to describe the hysteresis characteristics of piezoelectric actuators, an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is used to identify Bouc–Wen. The maximum error of the model is 2.49%. According to the established hysteresis model, its inverse model is obtained as the feedforward controller, and the inverse model compensation method is used to realize the open-loop control of the system. Since the feedforward controller based on the inverse model cannot eliminate the modeling errors and external disturbances of the inverse model, a fractional-order controller is designed on the basis of inverse compensation, and a compound control method combining feedforward control and feedback control is adopted. Experiments show that the fractional-order control system has fast response speed, small steady-state error and simple structure compared with other nonlinear controllers, positioning error is about 3%.
EXTINCTION AND PERSISTENCE OF A HARVESTED PREY–PREDATOR MODEL INCORPORATING GROUP DEFENCE AND DISEASE IN PREY: SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: DAS SUBHASHIS , CHATTOPADHYAY JOYDEV , MAHATO SANAT KUMAR , MAHATO PRASENJIT
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a nonlinear stochastic eco-epidemic model is presented to study the dynamics of harvested prey–predator model with group defence. One of the key roles of forming a group is to defend themselves from the attack of the predators. Since prey population spreads infection through direct contact; we consider two groups of prey population. Using some certain assumptions, a stochastic model is formulated by considering noisy intrinsic growth rate of susceptible pest population, death rate of infected pest and predator populations, respectively. Next, the existence and uniqueness of positive solution are performed using comparison theorem of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The boundedness and uniform continuity of the system are analyzed. Then, the bionomic equilibrium and optimal harvesting policy are obtained by using stochastic maximum principle. We verify the conditions of extinction and persistence in mean with the numerical results. To verify our consideration with the reality, the effects of harvesting effort and catchability coefficient are observed. In addition, infected and uninfected regions are reported to specify the infection free system.
Metallic Yielding Dampers and Fluid Viscous Dampers for Vibration Control in Civil Engineering: A Review
Authors: Hu Renkang , Hu Shangtao , Yang Menggang , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2022

Structural vibration is a widespread issue occurred in the field of civil engineering. The passive energy dissipation devices are being increasingly popular for protecting structures from external excitations due to their high performance and no need for external energy. They can be divided into displacement-dependent dampers and velocity-dependent dampers, among which the metallic yielding dampers (MYDs) and fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) are the most representative. This paper presents an overview of the MYD and FVD, aiming to reveal their defects and provide suggestions for future development. The basic concept, the mechanical models, the design approaches, and the applications in civil engineering of the two dampers are reviewed. In particular, the obstacles in application and preference in research of these two dampers are summarized, and their merits and drawbacks are further discussed. Emphatically, the strategies for improvement and future development trends are explored.
Dynamic Performance of Medium Speed Maglev Train Running Over Girders: Field Test and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Feng Yang , Zhao Chunfa , Zhai Wanming , Tong Laisheng , Liang Xiao , Shu Yao
Published: July 2022

With the ongoing development and deployment of medium-low speed maglev vehicles in China, it has become common to increase operational speeds from 100[Formula: see text]km/h up to 140[Formula: see text]km/h or even 160[Formula: see text]km/h, necessitating further studies and simulation models to understand the implications of these changes. This paper analyzes medium-speed maglev vehicle-track-girder coupling dynamic performance at a speed of 160[Formula: see text]km/h. First, a field dynamics experiment is carried out on the Changsha Maglev Express with a running speed of 80–140[Formula: see text]km/h. Then we introduce the distributed coupling simulation platform for maglev transportation system (MTS-DCSP) and the vehicle-track-girder coupling model, taking into account the complex vehicle structure, the guideway structure, and the Proportion Integral Differential (PID) levitation control system. Together, this platform and model can conduct a simulation of the complete process at scale and at all degrees of freedom to obtain accurate results. Our analysis of the results gives an accurate portrayal of the coupling dynamics properties and validates the coupling model. The results from the field experiments together with the coupling simulation demonstrate that the medium-speed maglev train can operate safely and stably within the range of 140–160[Formula: see text]km/h. While at 140[Formula: see text]km/h, however, the Sperling ride quality index (RQI) is about 2.5, which is within the Excellent grade range, at a speed of 160[Formula: see text]km/h, the Sperling ride quality index can increase to as high as 2.74, which is a grade of Good. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the parameters of the secondary suspension system to improve the ride comfort of the maglev vehicle at 160[Formula: see text]km/h.
Geometrically Nonlinear Study of Functionally Graded Saturated Porous Plates Based on Refined Shear Deformation Plate Theory and Biot’s Theory
Authors: Naveen Kumar H. S. , Kattimani Subhaschandra , Marques Flavio D. , Nguyen-Thoi T. , Shariati Mehdi
Published: July 2022

This research presents the geometrically nonlinear investigation of functionally graded saturated porous material (FGSPM) plate under undrained conditions. In conjunction with von Karman’s nonlinearity, the refined shear deformation plate theory (RSDPT) is implemented to model the FGSPM plate. The effective material characteristics of the saturated porous plate change constantly in the thickness direction. The pores of the saturated porous plate are examined in fluid-filled conditions. Thus, the constitutive equations are established using Biot’s linear poroelasticity theory. The governing equations are developed by combining a nonlinear finite element technique with Hamilton’s principle. Then, the direct iterative approach is utilized to extract the geometrically nonlinear numerical results. The emphasis is placed on exploring the effects of numerous parameters such as Skempton coefficient, volume fraction grading index, porosity volume index, porosity distributions, and boundary conditions during the extensive numerical analyses on the linear frequency, large amplitude frequencies, and nonlinear central deflections of the FGSPM plate. It is evident from the investigation that saturated fluid in the pores substantially impacts the nonlinear deflection and vibration behavior of the FGSPM plate.
Analytical Solution for the Three-Dimensional Vibration of a Rectangular Functionally Graded Material Plate with Two Simply Supported Opposite Faces
Authors: Huang C. S. , Chung W. C.
Published: July 2022

Analytical solutions based on three-dimensional (3D) elasticity for the vibrations of functionally graded material (FGM) plates are valuable for assessing the validity and accuracy of various plate theories and numerical approaches. Few benchmark 3D analytical solutions for the vibrations of FGM plates are available in the literature. In this study, analytical solutions based on Fourier series and 3D elasticity were developed for the first time for the vibrations of FGM rectangular plates with two simply supported opposite edge faces. The distributions of the properties of FGMs through the thickness follow a simple power law. The proposed solutions were validated by conducting comprehensive convergence studies on the vibration frequencies of square plates with different thickness-to-side ratios and boundary conditions as well as comparisons with published results. The benchmark nondimensional frequencies were tabulated for plates with free boundary conditions on the top and bottom faces and six combinations of boundary conditions on the other two faces. Moreover, the effects of aspect ratio and gradient index on the vibration frequencies of FGM plates were investigated. The influence of the thickness ratio of the FGM layer to the homogenous layer on the vibration frequencies of sandwich plates with FGM face sheets and a homogeneous core was also studied.
A Review on Deep Learning Classifier for Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Dahiya Neelam , Singh Sartajvir , Gupta Sheifali
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) attracts the interest of many researchers in solving the remote sensing problems especially in various specific domains such as agriculture, snow/ice, object detection and environmental monitoring. In the previous literature, various attempts have been made to extract the critical information through hyperspectral imaging which is not possible through multispectral imaging (MSI). The classification in image processing is one of the important steps to categorize and label the pixels based on some specific rules. There are various supervised and unsupervised approaches which can be used for classification. Since the past decades, various classifiers have been developed and improved to meet the requirement of remote sensing researchers. However, each method has its own merits and demerits and is not applicable in all scenarios. Past literature also concluded that deep learning classifiers are more preferable as compared to machine learning classifiers due to various advantages such as lesser training time for model generation, handle complex data and lesser user intervention requirements. This paper aims to perform the review on various machine learning and deep learning-based classifiers for HSI classification along with challenges and remedial solution of deep learning with hyperspectral imaging. This work also highlights the various limitations of the classifiers which can be resolved with developments and incorporation of well-defined techniques.
A Systematic Survey on Photorealistic Computer Graphic and Photographic Image Discrimination
Authors: Birajdar Gajanan K. , Patil Mukesh D.
Published: July 2022

The advent in graphic rendering software and technological progress in hardware can generate or modify photorealistic computer graphic (CG) images that are difficult to identify by human observers. Computer-generated images are used in magazines, film and advertisement industry, medical and insurance agencies, social media, and law agencies as an information carrier. The forged computer-generated image created by the malicious user may distort social stability and impacts on public opinion. Hence, the precise identification of computer graphic and photographic image (PG) is a significant and challenging task. In the last two decades, several researchers have proposed different algorithms with impressive accuracy rate, including a recent addition of deep learning methods. This comprehensive survey presents techniques dealing with CG and PG image classification using machine learning and deep learning. In the beginning, broad classification of all the methods in to five categories is discussed in addition to generalized framework of CG detection. Subsequently, all the significant works are surveyed and are grouped into five types: image statistics methods, acquisition device properties-based techniques, color, texture, and geometry-based methods, hybrid methods, and deep learning methods. The advantages and limitations of CG detection methods are also presented. Finally, major challenges and future trends in the CG and PG image identification field are discussed.
Magnetically driven pH-responsive composite hydrogel for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Zhang Zhiqin , Wang Ruofei , Yuan Miaofa , Huang Xuanze , Ding Chen , Wu Huaping , Wang Shunli , Liu Aiping
Published: July 2022

A multi-footed composite hydrogel with double responsiveness was prepared by the combination of sodium alginate (SA), gelatin and ferroferric oxide nanomaterials. Under magnetic field control, the multi-footed composite hydrogel could walk and move to the designated locations and release some drugs under the specific environment (pH 7.4) due to the pH sensitivity of SA. The gelatin addition effectively improved the mechanical properties of composite hydrogel, adjusting the drug release behavior of composite hydrogel by the decreased porous structure. Our results demonstrated that the proposed dual stimulus-responsive composite hydrogel could offer a promising choice for medical fixed-point drug release and disease treatment.
A Study on the Capacity Degradation in Na3.2V1.8Zn0.2(PO4)3 Cathode and Hard Carbon Anode Based Sodium-Ion Cells
Authors: Subasinghe Lihil Uthpala , Gajjela Satyanarayana Reddy , Wang Chen , Law Markas , Balaya Palani
Published: July 2022

In this manuscript, the impact of operating conditions such as voltage window, and operating temperature on electrochemical performance and cycle life of Zn-substituted Na3.2V1.8Zn0.2(PO4)3 (NVZP) vs hard carbon (HC) coin cells filled with 1 mol dm−3 NaBF4 in tetraglyme is presented. Initially, the cells are cycled for 500 times at C/2 charge and 1 C discharge in three different voltage windows (4.20–1.00 V, 4.05–1.00 V and 4.05–1.50 V) and at two temperatures (28 °C and 40 °C) and are subjected to periodic internal resistance and impedance measurements. The elemental composition of the electrodes harvested after cycling reveals that vanadium dissolution with accompanying deposition on the HC electrode and irreversible loss of sodium causes increased cell impedance. The identified degradation mechanisms, which causes severe capacity fade, are found to be accelerated in the cells cycled over wider voltage windows, particularly at elevated temperature. The best cycling performance and lowest impedance are recorded for the cells cycled within 4.05–1.50 V at 28 °C owing to negligible vanadium dissolution. Under these optimized testing conditions, a prototype 18650 cell, shows impressive capacity retention of 77% after 1000 cycles.
Measuring the Nucleation Overpotential in Lithium Metal Batteries: Never Forget the Counter Electrode!
Authors: Mohammadi Abdolkhaled , Monconduit Laure , Stievano Lorenzo , Younesi Reza
Published: July 2022

The nucleation overpotential has been used by many researchers as an indicator of the energy required to form the Li nuclei during plating. Typically, a two-electrode system is used to measure the nucleation overpotential; this method, however, fails to show the contribution of working and counter electrodes separately. In this study, we have used a three-electrode configuration (three-dimensional nickel foam as working electrode, lithium foil as both reference and counter electrode) to deconvolute the potential associated with each electrode during the galvanostatic Li electrodeposition to obtain a clear picture of nucleation overpotential. The results indicate that, in such a system, the main source of overpotential is the sudden drop in the potential of the counter electrode, which can be attributed to the extraction of Li from the surface of lithium metal. Moreover, unlike the first half-cycle, the nuclear overpotential is dominated by the working electrode in the second half-discharge cycle, which should account for a true nucleation overpotential of the system. This finding may aid in clarifying the origins of the experimental polarization and preventing researchers from misinterpreting it in terms of nucleation overpotential.
Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 in therapeutic antifibrotic effects of pirfenidone
Authors: Kuronuma Koji , Otsuka Mitsuo , Wakabayashi Masato , Yoshioka Takeshi , Kobayashi Tomofumi , Kameda Masami , Morioka Yasuhide , Chiba Hirofumi , Takahashi Hiroki
Published: July 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fatal lung disorder characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix deposition in the interstitium. Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic agent used to treat patients with IPF. Pirfenidone shows a pleiotropic mode of action, but its underlying antifibrotic mechanism is unclear. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), which is a mechanosensitive calcium channel, was recently shown to be related to pulmonary fibrosis. To clarify the antifibrotic mechanisms of pirfenidone, we investigated whether TRPV4 blockade has a pharmacological effect in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis and whether pirfenidone contributes to suppression of TRPV4. Our synthetic TRPV4 antagonist and pirfenidone treatment attenuated lung injury in the bleomycin mouse model. TRPV4-mediated increases in intracellular calcium were inhibited by pirfenidone. In addition, TRPV4-stimulated interleukin-8 release from cells was reduced and a delay in cell migration was abolished by pirfenidone. Furthermore, pirfenidone decreased TRPV4 endogenous ligands in bleomycin-administered mouse lungs and their production by microsomes of human lungs. We found TRPV4 expression in the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium and activated fibroblasts of the lungs in patients with IPF. Finally, we showed that changes in forced vital capacity of patients with IPF treated with pirfenidone were significantly correlated with metabolite levels of TRPV4 endogenous ligands in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results suggest that the antifibrotic action of pirfenidone is partly mediated by TRPV4 and that TRPV4 endogenous ligands in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may be biomarkers for distinguishing responders to pirfenidone.
Construction of Endometrial Carcinoma ceRNA Network and Screening of Key Genes Based on TCGA Database
Authors: Song Yuchun , Chu Ping , Li Pan , Li Fengling
Published: July 2022

Objective. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has received more and more attention in human tumor research. This study is aimed at clarifying the regulatory network of lncRNAs-microRNAs- (miRNAs-) mRNAs and at determining the relevant targets in the development of endometrial cancers. Methods. Download the miRNA, mRNA, and lncRNA expression profile data of endometrial cancer patients from TCGA; use the “DESeq2” package of R software to identify the differential expression of miRNAs, mRNAs, and lncRNAs; construct a network of ceRNA; and perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment assessment on mRNAs in the network of ceRNA; string and Cytoscape 3.7.2 perform PPI assessment on target genes and TOP 10 hub gene screening; Cytoscape 3.7.2 computer program was employed for constructing the lncRNA-miRNA-TOP10 hub mRNA network diagram to determine the signal axis; StarBase database to verify the Top10 hub mRNA expression; the “survival” package in R computer program was implemented to analyze the survival rate of all genes on the lncRNA-miRNA-Top10 hub mRNA network diagram; RT-qPCR to verify the expression level of genes on the signal axis. Results. 1119 differential mRNAs, 14 differential lncRNAs, and 65 differential miRNAs were screened in TCGA; we constructed a ceRNA regulatory network composed of 5 DELs, 7 DEMs, and 90 DEGs; String combined with Cytoscape to screen out Top10 hub genes, namely: LEFTY1, LIN28A, LHX3, ST8SIA3, CEP55, FBXO32, DCN, ANGPTL1, ADRA1A, and KCNMA1; the StarBase database verification results show that ADRA1A, ANGPTL1, FBXO32, KCNMA1, and DCN are downregulated in endometrial cancer tissues; LEFTY1, LIN28A, LHX3, ST8SIA3, and CEP55 are upregulated in endometrial cancer; the constructed lncRNA-miRNA-hub Top10 mRNA network map identified CTD-2314B22, RP11-89 K21/hsa-miR-143, hsa-miR-424/LEFTY1, LIN28A, LHX3, ST8SIA3, and CEP55 signal axis; survival analysis results show that CTD-2314B22, RP11-89 K21, hsa-miR-96, hsa-miR-211, LHX3, ST8SIA3, and DCN are all related to survival; RT-qPCR results indicate CTD-2314B22, RP11-89 K21, LEFTY1, LIN28A, LHX3, ST8SIA3, and CEP55 are upregulated in endometrial cancer cells, and hsa-miR-143 and hsa-miR-424 are downregulated in endometrial cancer cells. Conclusion. From the perspective of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, our study identified CTD-2314B22, RP11-89 K21/hsa-miR-143, hsa-miR-424/LEFTY1, LIN28A, LHX3, ST8SIA3, and CEP55 signal axis, which can present considerably potent biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treating endometrial cancer.
SURF Algorithm-Based Data Aggregation Method and Digital Sharing Economy
Authors: Chen Yeqing , Zhang Mengze , Hyng Baeki , Wang Rui
Published: July 2022

Data aggregation technique removes redundant message in original data, reduces the amount of data transmission, reduces network communication overhead, improves message acquisition accuracy and collection efficiency, and prolongs the effective working time of the network. It is an energy-saving technique widely used in wireless sensor networks, one of the techniques. However, with the continuous operation in the wireless sensor network, the data aggregation technique saves the energy cost of the network, but also brings new security risks to the network. Therefore, how to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data in the process of aggregation, calculation, storage, and forwarding is the core link of wireless sensor network security research. This paper uses SURF algorithm to study this question. The algorithm in this paper not only has good robustness to the data, but also introduces data aggregation and box filter in the calculation, so that the registration time can be better improved. After the research in this paper, the accuracy of the algorithm in this paper is 19% better than the traditional algorithm. At the same time, the accuracy of the aggregated data increases over time as the channel congestion decreases in the traditional process.
Green Extraction Methods for Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from Epicarp, Seed, and Seed Tegument of Avocado var. Hass (Persea americana Mill.)
Authors: Grisales-Mejía Juan F. , Torres-Castañeda Harlen , Andrade-Mahecha Margarita M. , Martínez-Correa Hugo A.
Published: July 2022

The present study compared the extracts obtained from the epicarp, seed, and seed tegument of avocado var. Hass with pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The extracts were quantified in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC). The PLE extracts had a global yield (

X

0

) like that obtained with UAE using ethanol (Et) as the solvent. For the TPC, the extracts obtained with both techniques showed no significant differences (

p
>
0.05

). On the other hand, the epicarp extracts obtained with PLE had higher values for AC: 829.8 μmol TE/gDe (ABTS) and 3,215.1 μmol Fe2+/g De (FRAP), recorded for UAE/Et. The AC in the avocado residue extracted with PLE suggested a high potential for applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetology products.
Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in Organic Matter Amended Soil
Authors: Parvin Afsana , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Hossain Md Kamal , Saha Badhan , Parvin Afroza , Suchi Priyanka Dey , Hoque Sirajul
Published: July 2022

Organic matter (OM) degradation from amendments used in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils leads to modifications in soil chemical properties immediately after addition, which can also affect the soil metal distribution. Therefore, the speciation and potential mobility of heavy metals e.g., lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were evaluated in three soils amended with OM. Soils, both spiked (with lead nitrate and cadmium nitrate solution) and unspiked, were treated with OM at a rate of 5 tons/ha in a moist condition. The samples were in incubation for 30 days in 30% moist condition. A chemical fractionation procedure was applied to determine the distribution of Pb and Cd in soils. The potential mobility of metals was also determined. Metals transformed from mobile to immobile fractions in both spiked and unspiked soils (not treated with organic matter), but OM increased the mobile fraction of Pb in unspiked soil and decreased it in spiked soil. In contrast, the mobile fraction of Cd decreased in soils (not treated with OM), but the OM increased the mobile fractions in spiked and unspiked soils. The mobile fraction (as a percentage of total) of Cd was higher than the mobile fraction of Pb indicating the greater mobility of Cd compared to Pb. However, the three soils showed a more or less similar pattern in transforming Pb and Cd in soils since their characteristics were almost the same.
Gender and Age-Specific Differences in the Association of Thyroid Function and Hyperuricemia in Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yang Ming , Cao Suyan
Published: July 2022

Objective. We aimed to explore gender and age-specific influences on the association between thyroid function and hyperuricemia (HUA) in a large Chinese population. Methods. A total of 19,013 individuals (10,563 males and 8,450 females) were recruited. The association between HUA and thyroid function was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, and the analyses were stratified by gender and age. Thyroid function subgroups were determined in 2 methods including thyroid status and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) quartiles. Results. Overall prevalence of serum uric acid (SUA) and HUA was significantly higher in males, while TSH value and thyroid dysfunction were higher in females. Increasing trends of the TSH level in both genders as well as HUA prevalence in females were found positively along with aging. However, males showed a reduced trend in HUA risk negatively with aging. Our population showed that the risk of developing HUA in hyperthyroidism, normal euthyroidism, mild hypothyroidism, and overt hypothyroidism subgroups had adjusted ORs of 0.634, 1.229, 1.370, and 1.408, respectively, in males. Subjects in females showed a similar increased risk of HUA with ORs of 0.770, 1.198, 1.256, and 1.458, respectively. Similar tendency was observed in TSH quartiles; the above two models showed significantly higher risk of HUA in the high TSH group of males, but not of females. Aging was a significant risk factor for HUA, particularly in older females after adjusting for TSH. Conclusion. The risk of HUA was positively associated with an elevation in TSH levels in both genders irrespective of age, indicating the protective effects of low TSH on HUA. Males with high TSH value were more vulnerable to suffer significant risk of HUA.
Deep Learning Target Detection System for Sewage Treatment
Authors: Su Bingqin , Lin Yuting , Wang Jian , Quan Xiaohui , Chang Zhankun , Rui Chuangxue
Published: July 2022

Object detection is to identify objects and then find some objects of interest. With the development of computers, target detection has evolved from traditional detection methods to artificial intelligence methods, and the latter are mainly based on some algorithms of deep learning. This paper mainly tests the treated sewage. First, the neural network and convolutional neural network algorithms in deep learning are studied, and then a target detection system is built based on these two algorithms. Finally, the treated sewage is detected and then compared with that of the traditional target detection system. The experimental results show that the target detection system of the convolutional neural network algorithm has a very stable recognition rate for the treated sewage, swinging around 70%, and the amplitude is not large. However, the target detection system of the neural network algorithm is not very stable in the recognition rate of the treated sewage, and the recognition rate is about 60%.
A New Nonparametric Multivariate Control Scheme for Simultaneous Monitoring Changes in Location and Scale
Authors: Yue Jin , Liu Liu
Published: July 2022

Real-time monitoring of the breast cancer index is becoming increasingly important. It can help create advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. In today’s modern medical processes, simultaneously monitoring changes in observations in terms of location and scale are convenient for the implementation of control schemes but can be challenging. In this paper, we consider a new nonparametric control scheme for monitoring location and scale parameters in multivariate processes. The proposed method is easy to implement, and the performance of the proposed control procedure is discussed. Then, we compare the proposed scheme with some competing methods. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can efficiently detect a range of shifts. The proposed chart can trigger an alert and timely discover the change of the breast cancer index.
Stability and Hopf Bifurcation Analysis of an Oncolytic Virus Infection Model with Two Time Delays and Saturation Incidence
Authors: Liu Xia , Hu Zhixing
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study a model of oncolytic virus infection with two time delays, one of which is the time from the entry of viruses into tumor cells to start gene replication, and the other is the time from the entry of viruses into tumor cells to release new virus particles by infected tumor cells. In previous studies on oncolytic virus infection models, the infection rate was linear. Combined with the virus infection models, the saturated infection rate,

β
T
V

/

1
+
q
V

is further considered to describe the dynamic evolution between viruses and tumor cells more objectively so as to further study the therapeutic effect of oncolytic viruses. This paper discusses the dynamics of the system under three conditions: (1)

τ

1

=

τ

2

=
0

, (2)

τ

1

=
0

and

τ

2

>
0

, and (3)

τ

1

>
0

and

τ

2

>
0

, and proves the global stability and local stability of the virusfree equilibrium, the stability of the infection equilibrium, and the existence of Hopf bifurcation. Finally, the conclusions of the paper are verified by MATLAB numerical simulations.
Construction of Cognitive Model of Family Education Decision-Making Based on Neural Network
Authors: Yao Wenwen , Zhen Ying , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2022

Family’s academic cognition influences the family’s academic concept, rearing fashion, and academic participation. It is no longer solely associated to kid’s bodily and intellectual development; however, additionally associated to household concord and social progress. With the development of the times, the complicated traits of training proceed to pose new challenges to parents. Exploring the composition and operation mechanism of family training decision-making cognition is envisioned to stop up the key to promote parents’ orderly coaching participation and home university cooperation. However, the associated lookup of usual cognitive mannequin has terrible steadiness and prediction charge in focus results. This paper constructs a cognitive model of family training decision-making principally based totally on neural network. Through the assessment of relevant data, they have an effect of the cognitive model of family coaching decision-making mainly based totally on neural neighborhood evaluated from the accuracy, root suggest rectangular error RMSE, and AUC curve. The experimental effects exhibit that the prediction accuracy of the cognitive mannequin of household training decision-making primarily based on neural community is 15% greater than that of the standard model, and the cognitive balance of the mannequin is 8.2%. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness, feasibility, and practicability of the mannequin in realistic teaching.
Designing, Installing, and Commissioning an Electronic Continuing Medical Education System at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Integrated with National CME System
Authors: Salehi Amir Mohammad , Khatiban Mahnaz , Sangestani Gita , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Kahaie Ramin , Ghaleiha Ali , Biglarkhani Amin , Ashtari Koosha
Published: July 2022

Electronic learning has changed the continuing medical education (CME) methods. For the first time, we aim to design, install, and launch an electronic CME (e-CME) system at our university, to integrate it with our National Continuing Medical Education Center of the Ministry of Health, to determine its effects on the midwives’ knowledge and problem-solving skills in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and their satisfaction with the electronic content and attitude toward the e-CME method. First, we designed and installed the learning management system (LMS) and integrated it with the national system. In the second phase, by the census, we applied it to 32 midwives through a quasiexperimental with a single-group pretest-posttest design. So, midwives used the electronic system in all five sessions and completed the research tools such as PPH knowledge, skills in solving problems, satisfaction with the content, and attitude toward e-CME before and after these sessions. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-16 software by the paired t-test, Wilcoxon, Friedman’s, and Pearson’s tests with a 95% confidence level. The levels of midwives’ PPH knowledge and problem-solving skills were both significantly improved (p<0.05). The total attitudes toward using e-learning CME for most participants were positive both before and after the intervention. After the intervention, there was a high satisfaction level (4.04 ± 0.16) with the electronic content among participating midwives. The positive results and successful use of e-learning by midwives lead to the achievement of the university’s mission of continuing medical education.
Experimental Investigation on Flow Characteristics of a Reverse-Flow Combustor
Authors: Hu Ge , Li Jianzhong , Jin Wu , Zhang Jingzhou , Yuan Li , Zhai Weikuo
Published: July 2022

Reverse-flow combustor is widely used for small engines to overcome high speed shaft whirling problem and to provide a low frontal area. An experimental investigation was carried out to research the flow field characteristics of a reverse-flow combustor in this paper. Different aerodynamic conditions were studied using PIV to reveal the characteristics of both the nonreacting and reacting flow fields. The structure of the nonreacting flow field in the central section shows similarity as the total pressure loss coefficient increases. The penetrating depth, jet angle, recirculation zone position, and the flow streamlines are similar, while the velocity value of the flow field increases. The structure of the reacting flow field on the central section is different from that of nonreacting flow field, but the variation trend of the reacting flow field under different pressure loss coefficient is similar to that of the nonreacting flow field. By examining the nonreacting and reacting flow fields under the same total pressure loss conditions, marked differences were observed in the primary zone close to the swirler outlet. The relative motion between fuel injection, airflow, and combustion affects the flow field in this zone. The velocity with combustion is faster than that of the nonreacting flow because of the increased temperature and heat release.
Effect of Aeolian Sand Powder Addition on Frost Resistance of Concrete Pavement
Authors: Zhao Ou , Deng Xuefeng
Published: July 2022

In order to solve the problem of exploring the freeze-thaw characteristics of modified aeolian sand mixed with cement and silt, the authors propose a freeze-thaw cycle test of modified aeolian sand under the condition of mixing 5% cement and silt with different contents. In this experiment, under freeze-thaw conditions, its intensity decay and mass volume change law and the changes of freeze-thaw characteristics were comprehensively characterized by multiple indicators. The result shows that, after two freeze-thaw cycles, the compressive strength and peak strain of the improved aeolian sand were positively correlated with the silt content. With the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the compressive and antidestruction capacity of the improved aeolian sand with high silt content and low silt content decreased significantly. 15% silt content improves the structural stability of aeolian sand. It is proved that the authors’ experiment can intuitively and effectively reflect the change law of soil strength after freezing and thawing of such improved aeolian sandy soil, which has displayed significance.
Hub Gene Screening and Prognostic Modeling of Lung Cancer: An Integrated Bioinformatics Study
Authors: Bai Henan , Huang Xiangdong
Published: July 2022

Background. One of the most frequent malignancies is lung carcinoma which poses heavy burden on the global health. The link among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lung cancer patients’ clinical outcomes was still missing. In this study, we integrated transcriptome data with clinical data to investigate the relationship between them in lung carcinoma patients. Methods. To begin, DEGs were identified using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) gene expression pattern (GSE180347). Then, these DEGs are being searched in the TCGA database using the DEGs collected in the preceding phase. The Kaplan-Meier plotter was then used to assess the predictive value of these DEGs in patients with lung cancer. Results. Our study revealed a total of 45 DEGs, 15 of which were up-regulated and 30 of which were down-regulated. These DEGs were mostly enriched in cytokine receptor binding and cytokine activity, according to GO enrichment analysis. These DEGs were mostly enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, according to KEGG enrichment analysis. Based on the PPI network, which comprises of 12 DEGs, a major module was discovered. They are mostly interested in cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells. Among all 45 DEGs, the mutations of NCAM1 account for the most cases in TCGA database with a percentage above 15%. Among the 12 DEGs in the significant module, higher expression of FAS, GPR29, HAVCR2, and NCAM1 exhibits longer survival time with hazard ratio and 95% confident interval of 0.79 (0.69-0.89), 0.80 (0.70-0.90), 0.71 (0.60-0.84), and 0.73 (0.62-0.86), respectively. However, higher expression of FCGR3A and IFNG exhibits shorter survival time with hazard ratio and 95% confident interval of 1.50 (1.32-1.71) and 1.15 (1.02-1.31), respectively. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate significant correlation between some DEGs and the survival outcome in lung adenocarcinomas patients, providing a comprehensive bioinformatics study in anticipation of future molecular mechanisms and biomarker studies.