bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithms and Software for Recognition of Address Structures
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, 430005, Russian Federation, Kulyashova N. M.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of recognizing mail addresses from an arbitrary format string. The purpose of the research is a developing software for automatic mail address recognition in two forms: as a library and as a web server. As an approach to development, object-oriented programming paradigm was used. Preference is given to the C# programming language version 8.0 and ASP.NET Core 3.1 and Entity Framework Core 3.1. Address recognition software has been developed. It can be used as a programming library and as a separate web server with open HTTP REST API. The paper substantiates the need to create software for automating the recognition of address structures from a string of arbitrary format. According to the rules for the contruction of addresses, their basic patterns and nuances are analyzed. During development, fundamentally new mail address recognition algorithms were invented in the C# programming language.
Matematik Öğretiminde Mobil Teknoloji Kullanımına Yönelik Veli Görüşleri
Authors: POÇAN Serdal , ALTAY Bilal , YAŞAROĞLU Cihat
Published: May 2021

Mobil teknolojik araçlar yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte hayatımızın her alanında olduğu gibi eğitimde de kendine yer bulmuş, bu alanda yapılacak olan çalışmalar önemli hale gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla okul içinde gerçekleşen öğrenmenin okul dışı öğrenme ortamları ile desteklenmesinde bir araç olarak görülen mobil cihazların velilerinin gözünden incelenmesinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada ortaokul 7. sınıf matematik dersi cebir öğrenme alanında artırılmış gerçeklik ve WhatsApp uygulamalarının yer aldığı mobil teknoloji kullanımına yönelik öğrenci velilerinin görüşlerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseninde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre öğrenci velileri uygulama öncesindeki mobil teknolojiye yönelik olumsuz görüşlerinin uygulama süreci ile birlikte değiştiğini, mobil cihazların kullanımını öğrenciler için faydalı, eğlenceli olduğunu ve öğrencilerin derse yönelik ilgilerinin arttığını ifade etmişlerdir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular neticesinde akademik alana ve matematik öğretimi alanına ilişkin birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Experiences of Turkish University Students with Visual Impairments
Authors: CİHAN Mehmet Akif
Published: May 2021

This study examined experiences of Turkish university students with visual impairments. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with eight students with visual impairments from six different universities across the country about their experiences in higher education. The qualitative data analysis techniques including classical content analysis and constant comparison were utilized. As the result, it was understood that university students with visual impairments face academic and social challenges. Academic challenges included a lack of course materials available in alternative formats, reliance on audio-recorder in following instructions, and instructors’ lack of knowledge. Social challenges that the students face was identified as dependency to parents and others’ rude attitudes toward them. Lastly, accommodations and support services provided to these students were explored. It was observed that a very few universities offer necessary technical equipment to these students. In addition, student disability services at universities do not work sufficiently to meet the needs of students with visual impairments. The findings of this study are parallel to what was found in the previous studies on the same topic conducted in Turkey. Therefore, as the developing country, there is an urgent need for improvement in several areas to provide equal educational opportunities to students with visual impairments at universities. Some of the suggestions for the improvement in practice are organizing professional developments for university personnel and preparing students with visual impairment starting in kindergarten for universities by teaching all the skills they would need in the future.
İLKÖĞRETİM ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÖZGÜRLÜK DEĞERİNE İLİŞKİN TUTUMLARI
Authors: KAYA Fatih , AKPINAR Erdal
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim öğrencilerinin özgürlük değerine ilişkin tutumlarını belirlemektir. Araştırmada karma yöntem tasarımlarından, açıklayıcı sıralı desen kullanılmıştır. Bu desende araştırma nicel ile başlayıp, nitel ile devam eder. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, nicel ve nitel süreçler için ayrı ayrı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma evreni, 2019-2020 öğretim yılında Malatya il merkezindeki ilkokul ve ortaokullarda sosyal bilgiler dersinin okutulduğu sınıflardır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise, bu evrenden basit seçkisiz örnekleme yolu ile belirlenen 1249 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın nitel verileri, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden olan maksimum çeşitlilik örneklem türü ile elde edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda toplam 24 öğrenci araştırmaya katılmıştır.

Araştırmanın nicel verileri Sosyal Bilgiler ile İnsan Hakları, Yurttaşlık ve Demokrasi Dersi Değerlerine İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği, nitel verileri ise yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Görüşme formunda öğrencilere; “Özgürlük sizin için neyi ifade ediyor?” sorusu yöneltilmiştir. Nicel veriler betimsel ve çıkarımsal istatistiki yöntemler, nitel veriler ise içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir.

Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, ilköğretim öğrencilerinin özgürlük değerine ilişkin tutumları yüksek derecede olumlu olup; sınıf, başarı durumu, kardeş sayısı, kitap okuma alışkanlığı ve okulun bulunduğu muhitin sosyoekonomik düzeyi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir.
Özel Eğitim Öğretmenlerinin Koronavirüs Pandemisi Döneminde Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Deneyim ve Görüşleri
Authors: AKBAYRAK Kübra , VURAL Gürsen , AGAR Murat
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’de koronavirüs (covid-19) pandemisi döneminde özel gereksinimli öğrencilere yönelik sağlanan uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerinin özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin görüşlerine ve deneyimlerine dayalı olarak incelenmesidir. Durum çalışması olarak desenlenen bu nitel araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Türkiye’nin yedi bölgesinde özel eğitim ve genel eğitim okullarında farklı yaş gruplarındaki özel gereksinimli öğrencilerle çalışan on beş özel eğitim öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri amaçlı örneklem yöntemine göre belirlenen katılımcılarla yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniğiyle elde edilmiştir. Yapılan görüşmelerden toplanan veriler tematik analiz tekniği kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular; öğretime destek olarak uzaktan eğitim, özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin kendilerine özgü ihtiyaçlarına göre uyarlanabilirlik, ailelerin uzaktan eğitime dâhil olması ve öğrenci-öğretmen etkileşimi olmak üzere dört ana tema üzerinden sunulmuştur. Türkiye’de koronavirüs (covid-19) pandemisi döneminde sağlanan uzaktan eğitim hizmetlerinin özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin günlük yaşam becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik katkısı olduğu vurgulanırken, bu dönemde sağlanan uzaktan eğitim hizmetlerinde özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin birbirlerinden farklı eğitsel ihtiyaçlarına uyarlanabilirlik konusunda güçlük yaşandığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın bulguları özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin eğitime erişimlerinde birbirlerinden farklı destek ve uyarlamalara ihtiyaç duyabileceği ve uzaktan eğitim hizmetleri sağlanırken özel gereksinimli bireylerin bireysel ihtiyaçlarının göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Bulgular ayrıca özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin eğitiminde öğrenci, öğretmen ve aileler arasında etkileşimin önemli olduğunu ve bu etkileşimin sağlandığı bir uzaktan eğitim modelinin gerekliliğine vurgu yapmaktadır.
Okul Müdürlerinin Liderlik Stilleri İle Okulların Örgütsel Çekicilikleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: SEVER Necla , ATİK Servet
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmada okul müdürlerinin benimsediği liderlik stilleri ile okulların örgütsel çekicilik düzeylerini incelemek, okul müdürlerinin kullanmış olduğu liderlik stilleri ile okulların örgütsel çekicilik düzeylerini bağımsız değişkenler açısından incelemek ve okul müdürlerinin benimsemiş olduğu liderlik stillerinin okulların örgütsel çekiciliğinin anlamlı yordayıcıları olup olmadığını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Malatya ilinde yer alan kamu okullarında görev yapan Battalgazi ilçesinde 4600 ve Yeşilyurt ilçesinde 6024 olmak üzere 10624 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise Malatya iline bağlı Battalgazi ve Yeşilyurt merkez ilçelerinde 2019-2020 Eğitim-Öğretim yılında, MEB’e bağlı kamu okullarında (ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise düzeyinde) görev yapan, evrende yer alan okullardan araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 452 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır.

Araştırmanın verileri; Kişisel bilgiler formu, Örgütsel Çekicilik Ölçeği ve Liderlik Stilleri Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; dönüşümcü liderlik, öğretimsel liderlik, kültürel liderlik, vizyoner liderlik boyutları ve okulların örgütsel çekiciliklerinin “katılıyorum” düzeyinde olduğu; etik liderliğin ise “tamamen katılıyorum” düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Okulların örgütsel çekiciliklerinde, öğretmenlerin müdürle çalışma süresine göre anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmıştır. Dönüşümcü liderlik, öğretimsel liderlik ve etik liderlik boyutlarında okuldaki öğrenci sayısına göre anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmıştır. Etik liderlik boyutunda mesleki kıdem değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmıştır. Dönüşümcü liderlik ve kültürel liderlik değişkenlerinin ise okulların örgütsel çekiciliğinin anlamlı yordayıcıları olduğu belirlenmiştir.
THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPORT TOURISM MOVEMENT IN WESTERN UKRAINE (THE MIDDLE OF THE XIX – THE MIDDLE OF THE XX CENTURY)
Authors: Opria Bohdana , Opria Ihor
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the article is to clarify the process of emergence of sports tourism in Western Ukraine and to study the factors that positively influenced on this process.

Methods. The investigation based on the use of general scientific and special research methods. General scientific methods include descriptive method, method of analysis and synthesis, generalization and abstraction, comparison and analogy.

Results. It was found that the development of tourism was associated with the natural interest of society, which intensified ethnographic and cultural research. In the process of their implementation, new routes were laid, knowledge about the geography of the region was deepened, and the tourist infrastructure was formed. Physical preparation for the hikes took the form of scouting, which included the formation of skills of survival in natural conditions, the ability to navigate the terrain, set up a tent, light a fire, cook, and so on. The form of such training proposed by the British officer quickly gained popularity throughout the world and in particular in Western Ukraine. Gradually, sport tourism is becoming widespread. Overcoming financial, material and political difficulties, sports, local history and tourist societies during their existence have worked out numerous forms and methods of popularization and propaganda of Ukrainian history, sports, nature and culture using means of tourist and local history activities. Their work experience convincingly indicates the need for coordination of the activities of individual fans of tourism and travel, the concentration of efforts aimed at studying the recreational and cognitive potential of the native land. The activity of tourist and local lore societies and clubs has practically proved that one of the main factors of youth education is knowledge of one's own history and preservation of the nature of the native land, combination of physical development with patriotic and ecological education.

The scientific novelty is that the factors of sports tourism development in the western region of Ukraine were clarified. The relationship between local history movement and sports tourism was determined. The some facts from the history of the local lore movement were indicated. The events testifying to the development of scouting in the western Ukrainian lands were revealed. The pan-European context of the process of sports tourism development and local lore movement was determined.

The practical significance lies in the promotion of sports tourism as a form of relaxation and recreation, exposing the potential of scouting for sports training and patriotic education of youth, updating old and developing new tourist routes based on the experience of past tourist clubs.
STRATEGIC TASKS OF MONODEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION TERRITORIES AND APPROACHES TO THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Smochko Nataliia
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research work is to specify the tasks of managing the mono-development of the Carpathian region and developing approaches to their implementation in the context of the State Strategy for Regional Development for 2021-2027.

Method. Analytical methods (analysis of strategic tasks in the context of their program goals), comparative-geographical methods (comparison of strategic tasks given in different legal documents), as well as methods of generalization and systematization (theoretical generalization of the obtained material) abstract-logical (generalization and formulation of conclusions) methods were used during the research.

Scientific novelty. The article formulates two groups of strategic tasks in forecasting the future development of spatial monosystems of the Carpathian region, namely: strategic tasks that will prevent the approach of the bifurcation boundary in the mono system and strategic objectives that will accelerate the emergence of new systems the studied spatial system in the previous state. To substantiate the strategic objectives of managing the mono-development of the Carpathian region and determine approaches to their implementation, examples of strategic objectives for long-term mono-development of monosystems in which there is no human activity as a component of the system, or in which any human activity is minimized in the context of State Strategy regional development for 2021-2027. Examples of strategic tasks to ensure the promising mono-development of individual spatial protected monosystems of the Carpathian region have been given. Strategic tasks for socio-economic growth of socio-geographical agrarian monosystems of the Carpathian region have been outlined in accordance with our three groups of strategic tasks of a systemic nature, namely: monosystem-preserving, conditionally monosystem-preserving, diversification-innovation strategic tasks. It had been determined that the strategic objectives of long-term development of specific monosystems of a hierarchical level, selected by a specific monosystem attribute, should be defined and outlined taking into account the focus on strategic goals of their socio-geographical development, i.e to achieve desired results in socio-geographical relief spatial functioning of these systems.

Practical meaning. The results of this study contribute to a deeper socio-geographical understanding of the strategic objectives of the management of mono-development of the Carpathian region and approaches to their implementation. They can be used by public administration and local government to improve existing and in the formation of new regional targeted and comprehensive development programs of the Carpathian region in the near future.
USE OF ORGANIZATION AND ENGINEERING IN EVENT TOURISM
Authors: Tyshchenko Svitlana , Chernyshova Taisiіa , Mutasova Snizhana
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the main problems of the implementation of event tourism in certain territories, which primarily include: short-term event; the scale of the event; placement in a natural area; lack of sufficient means of accommodation and services for tourists; style of events and the like.

Goal. Development of an effective system of organizational and technical support for event tourism events.

Methodology. The main research methods, in order to achieve the goal, are the analysis of engineering support, the classification of mobile homes for event tourism and the modeling of requirements for them based on the system analysis of event tourism technologies.

Results. The organizational and technical support of event tourism activities proposed in the article will reduce the technogenic load on the local natural landscapes of natural areas in the places where event events are held. This will contribute to the formation of a higher culture, the style of their conduct, which will make it possible to undertake events of event tourism in regions that are even more attractive to a wide audience of tourists not only in our country, but also abroad.

This method of organizational and technical support can also be used for holding rallies, forums, conferences and other events. Important for the success of the development of event tourism and the correct organization of organizational and engineering support is the formation of a calendar of events, which makes it possible to approach all future events in a planned manner, from the point of view of engineering and technical support, later will give its positive results.

Scientific novelty. The current state of the use of mobile houses in event tourism on the territory of Ukraine is analyzed for the first time. For the first time, the calendar of the territory of the Stanishovskaya OTG of the Zhytomyr region was compiled for 2020-2021.

Practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the compiled calendar of event tourism will be used by OTG "Stanishovskaya" in full and taking into account our recommendations regarding the holding of mass events.
Study of Anonymity and Supervision Based on Negotiable Securities Information System
Authors: Chieh-Wen Hsu, Chenglian Liu, Sonia C-I Chen
Published: May 2021

The ﬁnancial services industry continues to innovate, every day the face of complex trading environment, risk-based supervision has become a serious and important work, how to use technology to enhance the efﬁciency of supervision and ﬁnancial regulation capacity, reduce fraud and regulatory costs, effectively guard against ﬁnancial risk management mechanism. This study takes this concept as the starting point and uses the framework and process of securities industry transactions to be divided into 8 stages: registration stage, account issuance stage, order placement stage, order conﬁrmation stage, transaction return stage, report business stage, data query and supervision and inspection stage, combined with ElGamal play algorithm to meet the requirements of the securities regulatory process, propose a set can have stealth, can not be tampered with, security mechanism and double-blind and other securities regulatory system.
A jurisdição universal do Tribunal Penal Internacional e o deslocamento forçado do Povo Rohingya: o caso Myanmar v. Bangladesh do TPI
Authors: De Oliveira Magalhães da Silva Loureiro Claudia Regina
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O artigo analisa a jurisdição universal do Tribunal Penal Internacional de acordo com o previsto no Estatuto de Roma de 1998, bem como em consonância com os princípios da territorialidade, complementaridade e cooperação. O objetivo principal do artigo é estudar a incidência da jurisdição do Tribunal e o objetivo específico é analisar como a jurisdição universal do Tribunal pode ser aplicada aos crimes praticados no território de um Estado que não é parte do Estatuto de Roma, utilizando-se como fonte principal o caso do Povo Rohingya, que tem uma relação intrínseca com a tese da jurisdição universal do Tribunal Penal Internacional, aspecto que representa a originalidade do trabalho. O critério dedutivo foi o método adotado para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, com o estudo do aspecto normativo, doutrinário e jurisprudencial. O trabalho concluirá que a jurisdição universal do TPI deve ser reavaliada para ser aplicada de acordo com a releitura do princípio da soberania estatal e da adequada interpretação dos crimes internacionais de interesse da humanidade, sob a perspectiva interseccional para a consideração dos atos anti-imigração como crimes contra a humanidade.Palavras-chave: Tribunal Penal Internacional; Jurisdição universal; Estatuto de Roma; Deportação; Princípio da territorialidade; Estado que não é parte do Estatuto do Tribunal; Atos anti-imigração. Abstract: The article analyzes the universal jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in accordance with the 1998 Rome Statute, as well as in line with the principles of territoriality, complementarity and cooperation. The main objective of the article is therefore to study the jurisdiction of the Court and the specific objective is to examine how the universal jurisdiction of the Court can be applied to crimes occurring in the territory of States that are not part of the Rome Statute, using as a source the case of the Rohingya People, which is intrinsically linked to the universal jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, what is the original aspect of the paper. The deductive method was the methodology adopted for the development of the work, with the study of the normative, doctrinal and jurisprudential aspect. The work will conclude that the universal jurisdiction of the ICC should be re-evaluated to be applied in accordance with the re-reading of the principle of state sovereignty and the proper interpretation of international crimes of interest to humanity, from the intersectional perspective for the consideration of anti-immigration acts as crimes against humanity.Keywords: International Criminal Court; Universal Jurisdiction; Rome Statute; Deportation; Principle of territoriality; State did not accept the jurisdiction of the Court; Anti-immigration acts.
Dispersion of energy without dispersion of frequencies in transverse elastic waves in the earth
Authors: Byerly Perry
Published: May 2021

The writer wishes to express his thanks to Professors Elmer E. Hall and James B. Macelwane. Their advice has made this investigation possible.
Preliminary report on the Long Beach earthquake
Authors: Wood Harry O.
Published: May 2021

The “Long Beach Earthquake” occurred on March 10, 1933, at 5:54:08 p.m., P.S.T., very nearly. Its origin was very near to 33° 34′.5 north latitude, 117° 59′ west longitude, at a depth of about ten kilometers (6 miles).

Previous shocks, emanating from sources not far distant, were not definitely recognizable as “fore-shocks” in advance, notwithstanding discovery in recent years of small changes in level in the neighboring region.

Many aftershocks followed. The sources of some were very near the chief epicenter; others originated at some distance. The distribution, and its significance, must await thorough study.

Hard shaking probably continued for ten to fifteen seconds. The duration of perceptible vibration varied from place to place, and with local conditions.

Doubtfully, on account of ground conditions, “apparent” intensity of grade IX, 1931 scale, may have been developed in a few small places. Grade VIII was manifested in numerous places, and is the characteristic maximum intensity of this shock. Serious damage to bad construction resulted in many places inside an area of about 1,200 square kilometers (say 450 square miles), with the greatest concentration in and near Compton, and in and near Long Beach.

No fault displacement was found at the surface anywhere.

To a small extent minor disturbances to ground water, secondary cracks in the ground, and similar minor geological effects were observed in the meizoseismal area.

As usual miscellaneous effects—sounds, movement of liquids, visible surface waves (?), luminous phenomena (?), etc.—were reported from the area of vigorous shaking.

All the evidence indicates a fairly strong, moderately large shock in the local earthquake class, manifesting about the same intensity over an area of about the same size as the shock in Santa Barbara in 1925.

The disastrous consequences of the shock were due chiefly to poor construction on bad natural ground in a rather densely populated district.
A second study of blasting recorded in Southern California
Authors: Wood Harry O. , Richter Charles F.
Published: May 2021

Investigation of several blasts subsequent to those considered in our previous study, and in particular a major blast set off near Victorville, California, on September 12, 1931, has yielded results as follows.

1. In two cases the time of detonation was determined (a) very accurately in the case of the blast near Victorville by a precise method, and (b) probably with substantially equal accuracy in the case of the blast in the Arroyo Seco, though the method employed was inherently less precise.

2. Phases, or definite changes in registered motion, have been recognized and measured which appear to correspond to successive arrivals of waves traveling, apparently, along direct paths with different apparent velocities, as follows: 6.0− 5.9+, 5.55, 5.4−, 5.0+, 4.1, 3.5−, 3.4−, 3.25, 3.15, 3.0−, 2.7± kilometers per second.

3. In the present study no positive evidence has been found to indicate reflected waves, or waves refracted along deeper layers. Phases considered in the previous study to indicate such waves are now found to be susceptible of alternative explanations.

Difficulties have been encountered, as discussed in the body of the paper, in the interpretation and satisfactory explanation of certain of the very numerous apparent phases, particularly those which appear to indicate waves with apparent velocities of 6.0− to 5.9+, and 4.1 kilometers per second.

From this it is again clear that further opportunities for similar investigations are of great importance. For this reason, and also in order that blasts of moderate, or larger, magnitude may not be included in lists of small local earthquakes, it is suggested that all such blasts set off in the region of Southern California should be reported to the Seismological Laboratory at Pasadena—and, whenever practicable, sufficiently in advance to permit preparations for thorough study.
Surface-reflected waves of shallow-focus earthquakes*
Authors: Hodgson Ernest A.
Published: May 2021

Abstract.—

In the case of the seismological tables developed by seismologists during the first decade of the present century, it was always assumed that the focus lay in the surface. Under such circumstances, the so-called PR1-wave, the wave once reflected at the surface at a point midway between the focus and the point of observation, would be expected to have a travel-time double that for the compressional or P-wave to the mid-point. Observation failed to support the earlier PR1-tables, which were constructed from the P-tables on this assumption. It was later found that earthquake foci do not always, nor even generally, lie in the surface. Furthermore, the P-curves for earthquakes known to have shallow foci are now found to differ considerably from the earlier curves based on group data. It became desirable to study the travel-times for the reflected waves from the data of a single well-defined earthquake. The seismometric study of the Tango earthquake, Japan, March 7, 1927, recently completed by the writer, furnished the opportunity for such a study, the results of which are presented in this paper.
Motion of the surface of the earth in the compressional phase of a deep-focus earthquake, and the effects of a layered crust
Authors: Sharpe J. A.
Published: May 2021

Summary and Conclusions

In this paper the difficulties which attend any attempt to obtain the ground displacement which occurs during the passage of an earthquake wave have been illustrated. Reliable curves of ground displacement are difficult to obtain because the majority of seismographs, as operated, are poorly adapted for any purpose but the indication of the time of arrival of earthquake phases. This study has demonstrated, however, the practicability of an attempt to obtain ground displacement from seismograms, and has illustrated some of the uses which may be made of curves of ground displacement, when obtained.

The use of the dynamic magnification to obtain the amplitude of ground displacement corresponding to an impulse on a seismogram was shown to give highly erroneous results. For long-period seismographs, calculation of displacement by methods in which the effect of transients was retained appeared to give fairly accurate results.

The results of the study of the effects of a layered crust on the surface motion are to be considered only as preliminary, and indicative of the usefulness of a technique which hitherto has seldom been applied to seismic problems. Displacements were indicated in the horizontal components of ground displacement that were absent in the vertical, suggesting effects of crustal discontinuities. If the use of composite curves of surface displacement is valid, and the agreement between the observed and predicted curves of horizontal component of displacement is significant, the following are possible conclusions: oscillation in seismograms is a result of reflections and transformations of primary waves within the crust; the average thickness of the crust beneath the stations whose records were studied is 32 km.; the velocity change at the base of the crust takes place in a distance which is small compared to the wave length.

An appropriate research for individual stations possessing good seismographs in three components would be a study of the thickness of the crust underlying each station. For this purpose the wave velocities as determined from local earthquakes or explosions, and the arrival time of P[S*S¯] for a few deep-focus earthquakes of simple initial form, would suffice.

A knowledge of the curves of ground displacement would facilitate the solution of the following problems, among others: the effects of crustal discontinuities on the ground motion in the S phase; and the azimuthal variation of the form of the P wave, in relation to the process at the focus.

The writer wishes to thank Professor L. B. Slichter, who suggested the problem, and the directors of the many seismological stations whose coöperation in providing seismograms made the investigation possible.
Earthquakes off the coast of northern California*
Authors: Byerly Perry
Published: May 2021

The epicenters as located for the earthquakes of July 6, 1934, January 2, 1935, and June 3, 1936, indicate that earthquakes centering off the coast of Humboldt County do not originate on a linear extension of the San Andreas fault in Mendocino County. Figure 1 shows the epicenters of these shocks as located by two methods, and also the epicenter of the earthquake of January 31, 1922, as located by Professor Macelwane.

On the basis of least square residuals alone, the epicenters located by assuming a straight-line travel-time curve for Pn to Δ=18° are better than those located by the Jeffreys-Bullen curves. But for the shock of June 3, 1935, the epicenter located by the first method is inconsistent with the S-P interval at Ferndale, whereas that obtained by the second method is consistent. For the other two shocks the epicenters located by the two methods are little different in position.

Whereas the July 6 shock shows a definite Sn travel-time curve with an intercept approximately equal to that of the Pn curve, the other two earthquakes show a marked wave preceding Sn and almost masking it at the coastal stations south of the epicenter. The travel-time curve of this wave has an intercept about 15 seconds below that of Pn. This wave is longitudinal and has a period of 4.35 km/sec. It is suggested that it is P in the sedimentary layer, although objections to such an interpretation are cited.

The travel-time curve of P for the July 6 shock between 26° and 40° indicates that it is composed of two nearly straight branches rather than the more smooth curve of Jeffreys and Bullen.
On supposed regional variations in travel times*
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

An investigation of the Tango earthquake of March 7, 1927, shows that travel times for P observed in that shock agree within the limits of error of one or two seconds with the travel times found for other earthquakes and that thus far there is no indication of differences beyond the limits of observational errors between the travel-time curves of earthquakes in different regions. This statement, however, does not include the travel times to short epicentral distances of a few degrees found in various regions which are influenced by the local structures in those regions, and especially not to the travel times found from waves which have traversed only the uppermost parts under the Pacific Ocean.
The earthquake of July 6, 1934: Amplitudes and First Motion.*
Authors: Byerly Perry
Published: May 2021

The distribution of the first motion of the P waves for the earthquake of July 6, 1934, combined with knowledge of the general faulting trends of the region, leads to the conclusion that the earthquake was caused by movement on a Fig. 6.Berkeley Wood-Anderson seismograms of the earthquake of July 6, 1934. fault bearing about N 40° W, and dipping about 84° northeasterly. The displacement vectors dipped about 26° northwesterly. The displacement consisted of a motion of the Pacific side northerly and of the continental side southerly, as in 1906. This suggests an extension of the fault which broke in 1906 in Humboldt County. A second interpolation would give a fault bearing N 46° W.
Travel times for shear waves in a granitic layer*
Authors: Birch Francis
Published: May 2021

Travel times for shear waves in a layer of granite have been computed on the basis of recent laboratory work which permits an approximate evaluation of the variation of velocity with depth. The results are found to agree very closely with those of Leet, found by the method of timed blasts, for New England. The mean surface velocity of shear waves in granite having their focus at the surface is computed to be 3.52 km/sec. at 568 km., decreasing to 3.26 at 25 km.; the curvature is shown to be too small to be easily recognized from records of near earthquakes. A depth of 15 km. for the granitic layer is shown to be consistent with Leet's observations of pulses through a second layer.
The determination of the extent of faulting with application to the Long Beach earthquake*
Authors: Benioff Hugo
Published: May 2021

An instrumental method is described for the determination of the extent of faulting in a given earthquake which depends upon the early arrival of S. If the faulting velocity is known, the exact extent is determined; otherwise, only upper and lower limits are given. Conversely, if the extent of faulting is known from field or other evidence, the faulting velocity is determined.

The development given refers to a vertical fault exhibiting horizontal displacement, or, more generally, to a fault in which the displacement is parallel to the direction of extension. When the displacement is perpendicular to the direction of extension, as in a simple vertical fault, the faulting impulse is propagated by shear waves. For this condition the shear waves from the end point can never arrive earlier than the wave from the focus. On the basis of these considerations an observed early arrival of S indicates that the source is a fault movement in which the displacement is parallel to the direction of extension. In general this would refer to a horizontal extension of fault slip, although for observers in the vicinity of the epicenter it could refer to a vertical fault movement originating in the depths and propagating upward.

In applying this method to the Long Beach earthquake, the available evidence indicates that faulting extended from the focus approximately to Signal Hill, a distance of 27 km., with a faulting speed of approximately 4.2 km/sec.
Note on the Eureka earthquake of June 6, 1932†
Authors: Stoneley Robert
Published: May 2021

A rediscussion of the observations of the Eureka earthquake of June 6, 1932, gives for the waves P7.0 and P7.4 the velocities 7.15±0.065 and 7.53±0.073 km/sec., respectively. The errors quoted are standard errors, not probable errors. On the assumptions of Sparks's paper the thicknesses of the upper (granitic) and second layers come out as 12.6±2.5 km. and 12.2±1.9 km., in fairly good agreement with the values 16 km. and 14 km. given in the paper. The uncertainties arise mainly from the uncertainties in the constant terms in the linear formulae for the travel times T7.8, T′7.8, T″7.8. In one respect the assumptions made in the previous discussion lead to an inconsistency among the data, and the need for and the value of further studies along the lines of Sparks's examination of the Eureka earthquake are stressed.
The Love waves of the South Atlantic earthquake of August 28, 1933*
Authors: Wilson James T.
Published: May 2021

The epicenter of the South Atlantic earthquake of August 28, 1933, was located at 58° 56′ S, 24° 54′ W, and the time of occurrence fixed as 22h 19m 38s U.T.

A study was made of the first motion of P. On the assumption that the earthquake was caused by a fault movement, the strike of the fault was determined as between N 33° W and N 1° E, and the dip as between 63° E and 76° E.

By integration of the seismograms the earth motion during the G phase was determined at 17 stations. This wave was found to agree with the theoretical surface wave of Love.

A study of the dispersion of G yielded the following conclusions. The crustal structure of the Atlantic Ocean region is very similar to that of the Indian and Pacific regions, and is characterized by having material with a high velocity for shear waves much nearer the surface than is observed in the continental regions. The thickness of the crustal structure in continental regions is about 30 to 40 km.
Velocity of elastic waves and structure of the crust in the vicinity of Ottawa, Canada*
Authors: Hodgson Ernest A.
Published: May 2021

Ten seismograms, due to rockbursts at Lake Shore Mines, Kirkland Lake, Ontario, were recorded on a Benioff seismograph at Ottawa at a distance of 450 km. (279 mi.). The center of each burst was located within a few feet; but, for the purpose of preparing travel-time tables, they may all be considered to have occurred at a single point at the surface. Two of the bursts were accurately timed on the seismograph at the mine.

Six phases were registered on each seismogram, being more sharply marked on some records than on others. Five of these are well defined on nearly all the records. It is thus possible to deduce a set of arrival times at a distance of 450 km. for a burst (or earthquake) occurring at the surface; and this set of times is known with fair precision, since all the readings may be combined. The distance is determined within one part in 7000, the depth within 2000 ft. and the travel times with an error of ±.5 sec.

These travel times have been compared with those obtained by Joliat in computing his Tables for Near Earthquakes, based on the velocities deduced by Jeffreys for northern Europe and arbitrarily assuming an earth structure with two layers above the Mohorovičić discontinuity. The differences are minor and are to be explained as chiefly owing to the fact that Joliat assumed the focus to lie at the bottom instead of the top of the upper layer.

On the strength of the comparisons afforded by the ten seismograms, the focal time of each burst may be considered as known within ±.5 sec. One of the bursts was so severe that it was registered also at Shawinigan Falls, Quebec (Δ = 576 km., 358 mi.) and at Weston, Massachusetts (Δ = 935 km., 581 mi.). These records will afford a means of deducing the earth structure and velocities in the vicinity of Ottawa, and will permit the construction of tables for rock-bursts and blasts in that area up to 10° (1110 km., 690 mi.). These will be prepared and issued, together with corrections permitting their being used for local earthquakes with finite focal depth.

Should other bursts occur later at Kirkland Lake, timed by the mine seismograph and registered at Ottawa or the other stations, the data so made available may be directly used to check and add precision to the deductions made from the seismograms already in hand. Such further data would be most valuable.
Generating Javanese Stopwords List using K-means Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Wibawa Aji Prasetya , Fithri Hidayah Kariima , Zaeni Ilham Ari Elbaith , Nafalski Andrew
Published: May 2021

Stopword removal necessary in Information Retrieval. It can remove frequently appeared and general words to reduce memory storage. The algorithm eliminates each word that is precisely the same as the word in the stopword list. However, generating the list could be time-consuming. The words in a specific language and domain must be collected and validated by specialists. This research aims to develop a new way to generate a stop word list using the K-means Clustering method. The proposed approach groups words based on their frequency. The confusion matrix calculates the difference between the findings with a valid stopword list created by a Javanese linguist. The accuracy of the proposed method is 78.28% (K=7). The result shows that the generation of Javanese stopword lists using a clustering method is reliable.
Efficient Scheduling of Plantation Company Workers using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Mahmudy Wayan Firdaus , Pardede Andreas , Widodo Agus Wahyu , Rahman Muh Arif
Published: May 2021

Workers at large plantation companies have various activities. These activities include caring for plants, regularly applying fertilizers according to schedule, and crop harvesting activities. The density of worker activities must be balanced with efficient and fair work scheduling. A good schedule will minimize worker dissatisfaction while also maintaining their physical health. This study aims to optimize workers' schedules using a genetic algorithm. An efficient chromosome representation is designed to produce a good schedule in a reasonable amount of time. The mutation method is used in combination with reciprocal mutation and exchange mutation, while the type of crossover used is one cut point, and the selection method is elitism selection. A set of computational experiments is carried out to determine the best parameters’ value of the genetic algorithm. The final result is a better 30 days worker schedule compare to the previous schedule that was produced manually.
Segmentation Method for Face Modelling in Thermal Images
Authors: Albar Albar , Hendrick Hendrick , Hidayat Rahmad
Published: May 2021

Face detection is mostly applied in RGB images. The object detection usually applied the Deep Learning method for model creation. One method face spoofing is by using a thermal camera. The famous object detection methods are Yolo, Fast RCNN, Faster RCNN, SSD, and Mask RCNN. We proposed a segmentation Mask RCNN method to create a face model from thermal images. This model was able to locate the face area in images. The dataset was established using 1600 images. The images were created from direct capturing and collecting from the online dataset. The Mask RCNN was configured to train with 5 epochs and 131 iterations. The final model predicted and located the face correctly using the test image.
Cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum in a patient with aphasic status epilepticus
Authors: Castiglione Juan Ignacio , Ricciardi Mario Emiliano , Bensi Catalina
Published: May 2021

A 47-year-old man with a history of aphasic seizures presented to the emergency room with a 12-hour global aphasia. Upon admission, brain MRI did not reveal acute lesions, and EEG showed sharp waves in the left frontal-temporal region. An Aphasic Status Epilepticus was diagnosed and antiepileptic treatment was initiated with adequate response. A week after the episode, a new brain MRI showed a high-signal ovoid lesion on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences in the central part of the splenium of the corpus callosum. On diffusion-weighted images (DWI) the lesion was hyperintense with decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, indicating restricted diffusion consistent with a cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum (CLOCC). Follow-up MRI one month later showed complete image resolution. CLOCCs are secondary lesions associated with various entities in which high levels of cytokines and extracellular glutamate cause intracellular edema and reduced diffusion, a condition called cytotoxic edema, which affects vulnerable brain regions such as the splenium of the corpus callosum. In epileptic patients, CLOCCs may be due to the effect of seizures, especially prolonged ones, as well as antiepileptic treatment itself. CLOCCs are rare radiological findings and must be recognized to avoid misdiagnosis.
Neuropsychological evaluations associated with workplace accidents: a systematic review
Authors: Vargas-María Carlos Antonio
Published: May 2021

Most occupational accidents are evidenced by a loss of worker control over the procedures they carry out. Objective: To establish the neuropsychological tests used to assess the cognitive profile of workers as a measure to prevent workplace accidents. Method: An advanced and manual systematic search of databases (PubMed / MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library) was performed to evaluate the neuropsychological tests used in work settings. Results: The systematic review yielded 1777 articles, of which 150 were pre-selected according to what was reported in the abstract and 57 validated for complete reading. 21 articles were used for the narrative synthesis with a sample of two thousand eight hundred and fifty-four (2,854) subjects; and a range of 18 to 60 years. Conclusion: The limited number of investigations that establish the neuropsychological profiles associated with occupational accidents are evident.
Towards the Journal of Applied Cognitive Neuroscience
Authors: Allegri Ricardo  F. , Roman Fabian , Barceló Ernesto
Published: May 2021

In his book The Structure of Science Evolution, Thomas Khum defines a paradigmas “a set of beliefs, values and accepted techniques that define the exercise of a scientific discipline”. A new paradigm is a change of vision, a reconstruction of our knowledge in the light of discoveries; in the words of Socratics, “all cognition is a recognition”.
Interaction between domain-specific and domain-general abilities in math´s competence
Authors: Torresi Sandra
Published: May 2021

This article is an approach to some viewpoints about interactions between domain-specific and general cognitive tools involved in the development of mathematical competence. Many studies report positive correlations between the acuity of the numerical approximation system and formal mathematical performance, while another important group of investigations have found no evidence of a direct connection between non-symbolic and symbolic numerical representations. The challenge for future research will be to focus on correlations and possible causalities between non-symbolic and symbolic arithmetic skills and general domain cognitive skills in order to identify stable precursors of mathematical competence.
A look back into a typical patient with memory complains
Authors: Chrem Mendez Patricio Alexis , Vazquez Silvia
Published: May 2021

The purpose of these images is to extol the biological perspective from the clinical setting perspective of a typical AD case. This participant was profoundly studied and also followed-up for five years in the study ADNI- Argentina