bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrospray mass spectrometry and molecular modeling study of formation and stability of silver complexes with diazaperylene and bisisoquinoline
Authors: Starke Ines , Koch Andreas , Kammer Stefan , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen , Möller Heiko Michael
Published: February 2018

The complex formation of the following diazaperylene ligands (L) 1,12‐diazaperylene 1, 1,1′‐bisisoquinoline 2, 2,11‐disubstituted 1,12‐diazaperylenes (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, 3, 5, 7), 3,3′‐disubstituted 1,1′‐bisisoquinoline (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, 4, 6, 8 and with R = phenyl, 11 and with pyridine 12), and the 5,8‐dimethoxy‐substituted diazaperylene 9, 6,6′‐dimethoxy‐substituted bisisoquinoline 10 with AgBF4 was investigated. Collision‐induced dissociation measurements were used to evaluate the relative stabilities of the ligands themselves and for the [1:1]+ complexes as well as for the homoleptic and heteroleptic silver [1:2]+ complexes in the gas phase. This method is very useful in rapid screening of the stabilities of new complexes in the gas phase. The influence of the spatial arrangement of the ligands and the type of substituents employed for the complexation were examined. The effect of the preorganization of the diazaperylene on the threshold activation voltages and thus of the relative binding energies of the different complexes are discussed. Density functional theory calculations were used to calculate the optimized structures of the silver complexes and compared with the stabilities of the complexes in the gas phase for the first time.
Electrospray ionization source with a rear extractor
Authors: Chen Lee Chuin , Tsutsui Satoru , Naito Tsubasa , Ninomiya Satoshi , Hiraoka Kenzo
Published: February 2018

A new electrospray source design is introduced by having an extractor electrode placed at 1 to 2 mm behind the emitter tip. The extractor was integrated into the sprayer body as a single device. An insulating tube was used to isolate the emitter from the extractor and to deliver the sheath gas for the electrospray. The electric field strength at the emitter was primarily determined by the relative position and the potential between the needle and the extractor; therefore, the spraying condition was insusceptible to the change of sprayer position or orientation with respect to the ion sampling inlet. Such design allowed the use of much lower operating voltage and facilitated the optimization of sprayer position by keeping the electric field parameter constant. Using an emitter capillary of 150 and 310 μm in inner and outer diameters, strong ion signal could still be acquired with 2‐kV emitter potential even if the distance between the emitter and ion inlet was extended to >70 mm. Charge reduction of protein ions using 2 extractor‐based electrosprays of opposite emitter polarities was also demonstrated.
In search of appropriate measures of periodontal status: The Periodontal Profile Phenotype (P3) system
Authors: Beck James D. , Moss Kevin L. , Morelli Thiago , Offenbacher Steven
Published: February 2018

Background

This paper focuses on Periodontal Profile Class (PPC), a component of the Periodontal Profile Phenotype (P3) System that may be more representative of the periodontitis phenotype than current case definitions of periodontitis. Data illustrate the unique aspects of the PPC compared with other commonly used periodontal classification indices.

Methods

Latent Class Analysis (LCA) identified discrete classes of individuals grouped by tooth‐level clinical parameters. The analysis defined seven distinct periodontal profile classes (PPC A through G) and seven distinct tooth profile classes (TPC A through G). This LCA classification was an entirely data‐derived agnostic process without any preconceived presumptions of what constituted disease.

Results

Comparing the PPC with the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) and European indices, the PPC is unique in that it contains four disease classes not traditionally used. Less than half of individuals classified as Healthy by both the CDC/AAP and European indices were Healthy using the PPC. About 25% of those classified as Severe by CDC/AAP and European indices were PPC‐Severe. The remainder spread out over the High Gingival Index, Posterior Disease, Tooth Loss, and Severe Tooth Loss phenotypes.

Conclusions

The PPC classification provides a significant departure from the traditional clinical case status indices that have been used, but has resulted in clinical phenotypes that are quite familiar to most clinicians who take notice of the distribution of missing teeth, areas of recession, diminished periodontal support, and other aspects of the dentition while conducting a periodontal examination. The mutually exclusive categories provided by the PPC system provide periodontal clinical summaries that can be an important component of precision dentistry.
Simulation of the upper airways in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and nasal obstruction: A novel finite element method
Authors: Henrik Strand Moxness Mads , Wülker Franziska , Helge Skallerud Bjørn , Nordgård Ståle
Published: February 2018

Objective

To evaluate the biomechanical properties of the soft palate and velopharynx in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nasal obstruction.

Study design

Prospective experimental study.

Materials and methods

Two finite element (FE) models of the soft palate were created in six patients undergoing nasal surgery, one homogeneous model based on CT images, and one layered model based on soft tissue composition. The influence of anatomy on displacement caused by a gravitational load and closing pressure were evaluated in both models. The strains in the transverse and longitudinal direction were obtained for each patient.

Results

The individual anatomy influences both its structural stiffness and its gravitational displacement. The soft palate width was the sole anatomical parameter correlated to the critical closing pressure, but the maximal displacement due to gravity may have a relationship to closing pressure of possibly an exponential order. The airway occlusion occurred mainly at the lateral attachments of the soft palate. The total transverse strain showed a strong correlation with maximal closing pressure. There was no relationship between the critical closing pressure and the preoperative AHI levels, or the change in AHI after surgery.

Conclusion

Hyperelastic FE models both in the homogeneous and layered model represent a novel method of evaluating soft tissue biomechanics of the upper airway. The obstruction occurs mainly at the level of the lateral attachments to the pharyngeal wall, and the width of the soft palate is an indicator of the degree of critical closing pressure. A less negative closing pressure corresponds to small total transverse strain. The effect of nasal surgery on OSA is most likely not explained by change in soft palate biomechanics.

Level of Evidence

NA.
CBCT‐guided evolutive library for cervical adaptive IMRT
Authors: Rigaud Bastien , Simon Antoine , Gobeli Maxime , Lafond Caroline , Leseur Julie , Barateau Anais , Jaksic Nicolas , Castelli Joël , Williaume Danièle , Haigron Pascal , De Crevoisier Renaud
Published: February 2018

Purpose

In the context of adaptive radiation therapy (ART) for locally advanced cervical carcinoma (LACC), this study proposed an original cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐guided “Evolutive library” and evaluated it against four other known radiotherapy (RT) strategies.

Material and methods

For 20 patients who underwent intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for LACC, three planning CTs [with empty (EB), intermediate (IB), and full (FB) bladder volumes], a CT scan at 20 Gy and bi‐weekly CBCTs for 5 weeks were performed. Five RT strategies were simulated for each patient: “Standard RT” was based on one IB planning CT; “internal target volume (ITV)‐based RT” was an ITV built from the three planning CTs; “RT with one mid‐treatment replanning (MidTtReplan)” corresponded to the standard RT with a replanning at 20 Gy; “Pretreatment library ART” using a planning library based on the three planning CTs; and the “Evolutive library ART”, which was the “Pretreatment library ART” strategy enriched by including some CBCT anatomies into the library when the daily clinical target volume (CTV) shape differed from the ones in the library. Two planning target volume (PTV) margins of 7 and 10 mm were evaluated. All the strategies were geometrically compared in terms of the percentage of coverage by the PTV, for the CTV and the organs at risk (OAR) delineated on the CBCT. Inadequate coverage of the CTV and OARs by the PTV was also assessed using deformable image registration. The cumulated dose distributions of each strategy were likewise estimated and compared for one patient.

Results

The “Evolutive library ART” strategy involved a number of added CBCTs: 0 for 55%; 1 for 30%; 2 for 5%; and 3 for 10% of patients. Compared with the other four, this strategy provided the highest CTV geometric coverage by the PTV, with a mean (min–max) coverage of 98.5% (96.4–100) for 10 mm margins and 96.2% (93.0–99.7) for 7 mm margins (P < 0.05). Moreover, this strategy significantly decreased the geometric coverage of the bowel. CTV undercoverage by PTV occurred in the anterior and superior uterine regions for all strategies. The dosimetric analysis at 7 mm similarly demonstrated that the “Evolutive library ART” increased the V42.75Gy of the CTV by 27%, 20%, 13%, and 28% compared with “Standard RT”, “ITV‐based RT”, “MidTtReplan”, and “Pretreatment library ART”, respectively. The dose to the bowel was also decreased by the “Evolutive library ART” compared with that by the other strategies.

Conclusion

The “Evolutive library ART” is a personalized ART strategy that comprises a pretreatment planning library of three CT scans, enriched for half of the patients by one to three per‐treatment CBCTs. This original strategy increased both the CTV coverage and bowel sparing compared with all the other tested strategies and enables us to consider a PTV margin reduction.
Predicted and Observed Responses of a Nonnative Channel Catfish Population Following Managed Removal to Aid the Recovery of Endangered Fishes
Authors: Pennock Casey A. , Durst Scott L. , Duran Bobby R. , Hines Brian A. , Cathcart C. Nathan , Davis Jason E. , Schleicher Benjamin J. , Franssen Nathan R.
Published: February 2018

Human transformation of aquatic systems and the introduction of nonnative species increasingly threaten the persistence of imperiled freshwater fishes. In response, large-scale mechanical removal of nonnative fishes has been implemented throughout parts of the Colorado River basin to aid recovery of endangered fishes, but the effects of these efforts can be difficult to quantify. Fisheries population models for predicting outcomes of harvest regulations have been widely used to prevent overfishing of commercial and game stocks. Here, we used population models to investigate size-specific removal efforts needed to overfish a nonnative population of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and thereby aid recovery of endangered fishes in the San Juan River, New Mexico and Utah. The minimum size of fish that were efficiently captured with electrofishing gear was 280 mm TL, and annual removal rates increased with fish size, ranging from 0.10 for 200-mm fish to 0.44 for 600-mm fish. Model results suggested that removal rates should be increased from 0.14 to a range of 0.21–0.34 to cause growth overfishing and should be increased to a range of 0.26–0.29 to cause recruitment overfishing at a minimum electrofishing size limit of 280 mm TL. However, model results indicated that overall population abundance and biomass are being substantially reduced compared to an unmanaged population. In concordance, long-term monitoring data from 1991 to 2015 demonstrated a decrease in Channel Catfish TL and mass as well as an increase in catch rate variability since removal efforts intensified in 2006. Overall, current rates of removal will probably not achieve collapse of the nonnative Channel Catfish population in the San Juan River, but the reduction in size structure indicates that the population has responded to these efforts.
Exploring the Psychological Dimensions of Stewardship in Recreational Fisheries
Authors: Landon Adam C. , Kyle Gerard T. , Riper Carena J. , Schuett Michael A. , Park Jihee
Published: February 2018

The sustainability of recreational fisheries is in part dependent on anglers acting as stewards of the resource. However, the psychological attributes that underpin anglers' adoption of voluntarily stewardship behaviors remain largely unknown. In this study, we tested a model of the factors that influence stewardship in the recreational fisheries sector. Specifically, we drew on identity theory to explore the role of one's identification as an angler in shaping moral norms and stewardship behaviors among anglers in Texas. Stewardship behavior was conceptualized along three dimensions related to private-sphere, public-sphere, and social stewardship activities. Data were taken from a statewide, mixed-mode survey of Texas licensed anglers' attitudes, behaviors, and management preferences (n = 948). We hypothesized that one's identity as an angler and moral beliefs about acting as a steward of fisheries resources would predict three dimensions of stewardship behavior. Results indicated that one's identity as an angler is associated with normative beliefs and that these two factors have differential effects on engagement in multiple dimensions of stewardship behaviors.
Influence of Lode angle‐dependent failure criteria on shear localization analysis in sand
Authors: Sisodiya Mitul , Das Arghya
Published: February 2018

Geotechnical experiments show that Lode angle‐dependent constitutive formulations are appropriate to describe the failure of geomaterials. In the present study, we have adopted one such class of failure criteria along with a versatile constitutive relationship to theoretically analyze the effects of Lode angle on localized shear deformation or shear band formation in loose sand for both drained and undrained conditions. We determine the variation in the possible stress states for shear localization due to the introduction of Lode angle by considering the localized deformation as a bifurcation problem. Further, similar bifurcation analysis is performed for the stress states along a specific loading path, namely, plane strain compression at the constitutive level. In addition, the plane strain compression tests have been simulated as a boundary value finite element problem to see how Lode angle affects the post‐localization response. Results show that the inclusion of a Lode angle parameter within the failure criterion has considerable effects on the onset, plastic strain, and propagation of shear localization in loose sand specimens. For drained condition, we notice early inception of shear localization and multiple band formation when the Lode angle‐dependent failure criterion is used. Undrained localization characteristics, however, found to be independent of Lode angle consideration.
Quality of partner support moderates positive affect in patients with cancer
Authors: Kaliampos Apostolos , Roussi Pagona
Published: February 2018

Objective

In the present study, we examined whether 4 support quality‐related characteristics moderate the impact of received partner support on positive affect of patients with cancer. The support quality‐related characteristics were patients' perception regarding the willingness of their partners to offer support, patients' perception that partner support is certain, patients' satisfaction with partner relationship, and overall patients' satisfaction with partner support.

Methods

Seventy‐seven recently diagnosed patients with cancer were assessed at 2 time points, during chemotherapy treatment (baseline) and 7 months later (follow‐up). Two types of received support were examined, emotional support and advice‐guidance from partner. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the moderating effect of the quality‐related variables on the relationship between received support at baseline and patient's positive affect at 7‐month follow‐up.

Results

Results showed that all 4 quality‐related characteristics had a moderating role (f2 ranged between .06 and .16, P < .05). Emotional support predicted positive affect only when patients reported high partner willingness to offer support, considered the partner support certain, were satisfied with the partner relationship (a trend), and were satisfied with the received support. In contrast, when patients perceived their partners as unwilling to provide support and were dissatisfied with the relationship, support (both emotional and advice‐guidance and advice‐guidance, respectively) exhibited a negative impact on positive affect.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that only when the quality of support is high does social support have a positive impact on patients' positive affect.
Metabolomic responses to lumacaftor/ivacaftor in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kopp Benjamin T. , McCulloch Scott , Shrestha Chandra L. , Zhang Shuzhong , Sarzynski Lisa , Woodley Frederick W. , Hayes Don
Published: February 2018

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life‐limiting disease caused by a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor is a novel CFTR modulator approved for patients that are homozygous for Phe508del CFTR, but its clinical effectiveness varies amongst patients, making it difficult to determine clinical responders. Therefore, identifying biochemical biomarkers associated with drug response are clinically important for follow‐up studies.

Methods

Serum metabolomics was performed on twenty patients with CF pre‐ and 6‐month post‐Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor response via Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (UPLC‐MS/MS). Correlation with clinical variables was performed.

Results

Metabolomics analysis demonstrated 188 differentially regulated metabolites between patients pre‐ and post‐Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor initiation, with a predominance of lipid and amino acid alterations. The top 30 metabolites were able to differentiate pre‐ and post‐Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor status in greater than 90% of patients via a random‐forest confusion matrix. Alterations in bile acids, phospholipids, and bacteria‐associated metabolites were the predominant changes associated with drug response. Importantly, changes in metabolic patterns were associated with clinical responders.

Conclusions

Selected key lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways were significantly affected by Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor initiation and similar pathways were affected in clinical responders. Targeted metabolomics may provide useful and relevant biomarkers of CFTR modulator responses.
Face Centered Cubic Co81.8Si9.1B9.1 With High Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy
Authors: Zhang Jiliang , Shan Guangcun , Zhang Yuefei , Ding Fazhu , Shek Chan Hung
Published: February 2018

By using the atomic cluster model, face centered cubic (FCC) Co81.8Si9.1B9.1 compound is designed and synthesized as ductile single‐phase ribbons successfully. These ribbons show strong orientation along (111) and high magnetocrystalline anisotropy with a coercivity of 430 Oe and squareness of 0.82 at room temperature. The large spin–orbit coupling also contributes to the delocalization of Co 3d band and increased character of itinerant electrons which account for the structural stability and magnetic behaviors. The experimental electronic structure indicates that the magnetic performance can be improved further. This work not only develops a low‐cost Co‐based material for hard magnetic applications, but also extends the atomic cluster model into the design of new crystalline materials.
Influence of Chain Structures of Starch on Water Absorption and Copper Binding of Starch‐Graft‐Itaconic Acid Hydrogels
Authors: Duquette Daniel , Dumont Marie‐Josée
Published: February 2018

Bio‐based hydrogels destined for use as low cost renewable biosorbents are synthesized. The impact of the two components of starch, amylose, and amylopectin, on the properties of the hydrogels is assessed. Hydrogels are synthesized by solution based graft copolymerization of itaconic acid monomers on a corn starch backbone in the presence of an acrylamide crosslinker and the potassium persulfate/sodium bisulfite redox initiator pair. Three types of corn starch are used: normal corn starch, waxy starch, and high amylose starch. The amylose:amylopectin ratios are: 27:73 for normal starch (NS), 70:30 for high amylose starch (HAS), and 0:100 for waxy starch (WS). Swelling tests performed in a variety of solutions show no significant differences in swelling capacity among the hydrogels. The hydrogels also perform similarly in copper adsorption tests. Overall, these results indicate that native corn starch is as effective as amylopectin and amylose‐rich starch.
Complex HuR function in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Brody Jonathan R. , Dixon Dan A.
Published: February 2018

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with dismal patient outcomes. The underlying core genetic drivers of disease have been identified in human tumor specimens and described in genetically engineered mouse models. These genetic drivers of PDAC include KRAS signaling, TP53 mutations, and genetic loss of the SMAD4 tumor suppressor protein. Beyond the known mutational landscape of PDAC genomes, alternative disrupted targets that extend beyond conventional genetic mutations have been elusive and understudied in the context of PDAC cell therapeutic resistance and survival. This last point is important because PDAC tumors have a unique and complex tumor microenvironment that includes hypoxic and nutrient‐deprived niches that could select for cell populations that garner therapeutic resistance, explaining tumor heterogeneity in regards to response to different therapies. We and others have embarked in a line of investigation focused on the key molecular mechanism of posttranscriptional gene regulation that is altered in PDAC cells and supports this pro‐survival phenotype intrinsic to PDAC cells. Specifically, the key regulator of this mechanism is a RNA‐binding protein, HuR (ELAVL1), first described in cancer nearly two decades ago. Herein, we will provide a brief overview of the work demonstrating the importance of this RNA‐binding protein in PDAC biology and then provide insight into ongoing work developing therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting this molecule in PDAC cells.

This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Cover Image, Volume 9, Issue 2
Authors: Nutter Curtis A. , Kuyumcu‐Martinez Muge N.
Published: February 2018

The cover image, by Curtis A. Nutter and Muge N. Kuyumcu‐Martinez, is based on the Advanced Review Emerging roles of RNA‐binding proteins in diabetes and their therapeutic potential in diabetic complications, DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1459.

image
Safety, tolerability, and preliminary activity of IMGN529, a CD37-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a dose-escalation, phase I study
Authors: Stathis Anastasios , Flinn Ian W. , Madan Sumit , Maddocks Kami , Freedman Arnold , Weitman Steven , Zucca Emanuele , Munteanu Mihaela C. , Lia Palomba M.
Published: February 2018

Background CD37 is expressed on B-cell lymphoid malignancies, thus making it an attractive candidate for targeted therapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). IMGN529 is an antibody-drug conjugate comprising a CD37-binding antibody linked to the maytansinoid DM1, a potent anti-mitotic agent. Methods This first-in-human, phase 1 trial recruited adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell NHL. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase 2 dose. Secondary objectives were to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical activity. IMGN529 was administered intravenously once every 3 weeks, and dosed using a conventional 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. Results Forty-nine patients were treated at doses escalating from 0.1 to 1.8 mg/kg. Dose limiting toxicities occurred in eight patients and included peripheral neuropathy, febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events were fatigue (39%), neutropenia, pyrexia, and thrombocytopenia (each 37%). Adverse events led to treatment discontinuation in 10 patients (20%). Eight patients (16%) had treatment-related serious adverse events, the most common being grade 3 febrile neutropenia. The MTD (with growth factor support) was 1.4 mg/kg every 3 weeks. IMGN529 plasma exposure increased monotonically with dose and was consistent with target-mediated drug disposition. Five (13%) of 39 response-evaluable patients achieved an objective response (one complete response and four partial responses), four of which occurred in the subgroup of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Conclusions The manageable safety profile of IMGN529 and preliminary evidence of activity, particularly in DLBCL patients, support the continued development of this novel CD37-targeting agent.
Clinical and genetic aspects of Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome
Authors: Ledig Susanne , Wieacker Peter
Published: February 2018

The Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome [MIM 277000] is characterised by the absence of a uterus and vagina in otherwise phenotypically normal women with karyotype 46,XX. Clinically, the MRKH can be subdivided into two subtypes: an isolated or type I form can be delineated from a type II form, which is characterised by extragenital malformations. The so-called Müllerian hypoplasia, renal agenesis, cervicothoracic somite dysplasia (MURCS) association can be seen as the most severe phenotypic outcome.

The MRKH syndrome affects at least 1 in 4000 to 5000 female new-borns. Although most of the cases are sporadic, familial clustering has also been described, indicating a genetic cause of the disease. However, the mode of inheritance is autosomal-dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance. High-resolution array-CGH and MLPA analysis revealed recurrent aberrations in different chromosomal regions such as TAR susceptibility locus in 1q21.1, chromosomal regions 16p11.2, and 17q12 and 22q11.21 microduplication and -deletion regions in patients with MRKH. Sequential analysis of the genesLHX1, TBX6andRBM8A, which are located in chromosomal regions 17q12, 16p11.2 and 1q21.1, yielded in the detection of MRKH-associated mutations. In a subgroup of patients with signs of hyperandrogenaemia mutations ofWNT4have been found to be causative. Analysis of another member of the WNT family,WNT9B, resulted in the detection of some causative mutations in MRKH patients.
Preliminary Validation of a German Version of the Sexual Complaints Screener for Women in a Female Population Sample
Authors: Burri Andrea , Porst Hartmut
Published: February 2018

Background

To date, neither the original English nor any of the translated versions of the Sexual Complaints Screener for Women (SCS-W) have been tested for their psychometric properties.

Aim

To evaluate the validity and utility of the German version of the SCS-W by assessing content, convergent, and discriminant validity.

Methods

A population sample of 309 women (mean age = 26.9 years) completed the online survey and had matching data available on the SCS-W and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Spearman bivariate correlations between the SCS-W and FSFI domain scores and exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis were conducted.

Outcomes

Convergent validity was excellent for the domain of orgasm, good for satisfaction, dyspareunia, and the total questionnaire score, and acceptable for desire, lubrication, arousal, and vaginismus. Discriminant validity was present for all domains apart from arousal, lubrication, and vaginismus. Varimax rotation suggested an 8-factor model was the most robust.

Clinical Implications

This brief screener seems suitable to provide a brief overview of female patients' sexual problems in a clinical setting.

Strengths and Limitations

This is the 1st study to assess the psychometric properties of the German version of the SCS-W. However, available information on the psychometric properties of the German SCS-W was limited because the validity of the screener could not be counterchecked against a clinical diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction.

Conclusion

Our results provide preliminary evidence of good validity of the German version of the SCS-W. Overall, the SCS-W can offer support for clinicians who are less familiar with sexual medicine and who might not routinely discuss sexual issues with their patients.
Plasma amyloid levels within the Alzheimer's process and correlations with central biomarkers
Authors: Hanon Olivier , Vidal Jean‐Sébastien , Lehmann Sylvain , Bombois Stéphanie , Allinquant Bernadette , Tréluyer Jean‐Marc , Gelé Patrick , Delmaire Christine , Blanc Fredéric , Mangin Jean‐François , Buée Luc , Touchon Jacques , Hugon Jacques , Vellas Bruno , Galbrun Evelyne , Benetos Athanase , Berrut Gilles , Paillaud Elèna , Wallon David , Castelnovo Giovanni , Volpe‐Gillot Lisette , Paccalin Marc , Robert Philippe‐Henri , Godefroy Olivier , Dantoine Thierry , Camus Vincent , Belmin Joël , Vandel Pierre , Novella Jean‐Luc , Duron Emmanuelle , Rigaud Anne‐Sophie , Schraen‐Maschke Suzanna , Gabelle Audrey ,   on behalf of the BALTAZAR study group
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Diagnostic relevance of plasma amyloid β (Aβ) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) process yields conflicting results. The objective of the study was to assess plasma levels of Aβ42and Aβ40in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), nonamnestic MCI, and AD patients and to investigate relationships between peripheral and central biomarkers.

Methods

One thousand forty participants (417 amnestic MCI, 122 nonamnestic MCI, and 501 AD) from the Biomarker of AmyLoïd pepTide and AlZheimer's diseAse Risk multicenter prospective study with cognition, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and magnetic resonance imaging assessments were included.

Results

Plasma Aβ1–42and Aβ1–40were lower in AD (36.9 [11.7] and 263 [80] pg/mL) than in amnestic MCI (38.2 [11.9] and 269 [68] pg/mL) than in nonamnestic MCI (39.7 [10.5] and 272 [52] pg/mL), respectively (P = .01 for overall difference between groups for Aβ1–42andP = .04 for Aβ1–40). Globally, plasma Aβ1–42correlated with age, Mini–Mental State Examination, andAPOE ε4 allele. Plasma Aβ1–42correlated with all CSF biomarkers in MCI but only with CSF Aβ42in AD.

Discussion

Plasma Aβ was associated with cognitive status and CSF biomarkers, suggesting the interest of plasma amyloid biomarkers for diagnosis purpose.
Defibulation: A Visual Reference and Learning Tool
Authors: Abdulcadir Jasmine , Marras Sandra , Catania Lucrezia , Abdulcadir Omar , Petignat Patrick
Published: February 2018

Female genital mutilation type III (infibulation) is achieved by narrowing the vaginal orifice by creating a covering seal, accomplished by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or labia majora, with or without clitoral excision. Infibulation is responsible for significant urogynecological, obstetrical, and psychosexual consequences that can be treated with defibulation (or de-infibulation), an operation that opens the infibulation scar, exposing the vulvar vestibule, vaginal orifice, external urethral meatus, and eventually the clitoris. This article provides a practical comprehensive, up-to-date visual learning tool on defibulation, with information on pre-operative, post-operative, and follow-up information.
The Amsterdam Cohort of Gender Dysphoria Study (1972–2015): Trends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Regrets
Authors: Wiepjes Chantal M. , Nota Nienke M. , de Blok Christel J.M. , Klaver Maartje , de Vries Annelou L.C. , Wensing-Kruger S. Annelijn , de Jongh Renate T. , Bouman Mark-Bram , Steensma Thomas D. , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy , Gooren Louis J.G. , Kreukels Baudewijntje P.C. , den Heijer Martin
Published: February 2018

Background

Over the past decade, the number of people referred to gender identity clinics has rapidly increased. This raises several questions, especially concerning the frequency of performing gender-affirming treatments with irreversible effects and regret from such interventions.

Aim

To study the current prevalence of gender dysphoria, how frequently gender-affirming treatments are performed, and the number of people experiencing regret of this treatment.

Methods

The medical files of all people who attended our gender identity clinic from 1972 to 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.

Outcomes

The number of (and change in) people who applied for transgender health care, the percentage of people starting with gender-affirming hormonal treatment (HT), the estimated prevalence of transgender people receiving gender-affirming treatment, the percentage of people who underwent gonadectomy, and the percentage of people who regretted gonadectomy, specified separately for each year.

Results

6,793 people (4,432 birth-assigned male, 2,361 birth-assigned female) visited our gender identity clinic from 1972 through 2015. The number of people assessed per year increased 20-fold from 34 in 1980 to 686 in 2015. The estimated prevalence in the Netherlands in 2015 was 1:3,800 for men (transwomen) and 1:5,200 for women (transmen). The percentage of people who started HT within 5 years after the 1st visit decreased over time, with almost 90% in 1980 to 65% in 2010. The percentage of people who underwent gonadectomy within 5 years after starting HT remained stable over time (74.7% of transwomen and 83.8% of transmen). Only 0.6% of transwomen and 0.3% of transmen who underwent gonadectomy were identified as experiencing regret.

Clinical Implications

Because the transgender population is growing, a larger availability of transgender health care is needed. Other health care providers should familiarize themselves with transgender health care, because HT can influence diseases and interact with medication. Because not all people apply for the classic treatment approach, special attention should be given to those who choose less common forms of treatment.

Strengths and Limitations

This study was performed in the largest Dutch gender identity clinic, which treats more than 95% of the transgender population in the Netherlands. Because of the retrospective design, some data could be missing.

Conclusion

The number of people with gender identity issues seeking professional help increased dramatically in recent decades. The percentage of people who regretted gonadectomy remained small and did not show a tendency to increase.
Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actimycetemcomitans leukotoxin and human periodontitis – A historic review with emphasis on JP2
Authors: Tsai Chi‐Cheng , Ho Ya‐Ping , Chou Yu‐Shian , Ho Kun‐Yen , Wu Yi‐Min , Lin Ying‐Chu
Published: February 2018

Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actimycetemcomitans (Aa) is a gram‐negative bacterium that colonizes the human oral cavity and is causative agent for localized aggressive (juvenile) periodontitis (AgP). In the middle of 1990s, a specific JP2 clone of belonging to the cluster of serotype b strains of Aa with highly leukotoxicity (leukotoxin, LtxA) able to kill human immune cells was isolated. JP2 clone of Aa was strongly associated with in particularly in rapidly progressing forms of aggressive periodontitis. The JP2 clone of Aa is transmitted through close contacts. Therefore, AgP patients need intense monitoring of their periodontal status as the risk for developing severely progressing periodontitis lesions are relatively high. Furthermore, timely periodontal treatment, including periodontal surgery supplemented by the use of antibiotics, is warranted. More importantly, periodontal attachment loss should be prevented by early detection of the JP2 clone of Aa by microbial diagnosis testing and/or preventive means.
Fibromixoma acral superficial: Revisão da Literatura
Authors: Crepaldi Bruno Eiras , Soares Ruan Dalbem , Silveira Fábio Duque , Taira Raul Itocazo , Hirakawa Celso Kiyoshi , Matsumoto Marcelo Hide
Published: February 2018

O fibromixoma acral superficial é um tumor raro de tecidos moles. Geralmente se manifesta por meio de uma massa indolor de crescimento lento que acomete principalmente adultos do sexo masculino na quinta década de vida. Ele normalmente afeta a região distal, com aparência polipoide. A aparência histológica é de uma massa dérmica sem cápsula, com fibroblastos fusiformes em estroma mixocolagenoso. A avaliação imuno-histoquímica do fibromixoma acral superficial normalmente é positiva para CD34 e CD99, com positividade variável para o antígeno epitelial de membrana. O tratamento consiste na exérese completa da massa tumoral.

Foi feita uma revisão da literatura atual sobre o fibromixoma acral superficial com ênfase na quantidade de casos relatados, na localização, nos métodos diagnósticos, nas características histológicas, nos diagnósticos diferenciais, e no tratamento.

Foram encontrados na literatura atual 314 casos descritos de fibromixoma acral superficial com localização variada, principalmente em pododáctilos (45,8%) e quirodáctilos (39,1%). Este tumor tem acometimento ligeiramente superior em homens (61%), e enorme variabilidade na faixa etária de acometimento.

O fibromixoma acral superficial é um tumor de tecido mole único que deve entrar no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões periungueais e subungueais acrais; o tratamento consiste da exérese simples. Mais estudos são necessários para que se conheça melhor essa patologia, descrita em 2001.
Eficácia do antibiótico profilático intraósseo versus endovenoso em cirurgias do joelho em porcos: Estudo experimental
Authors: Mattos Carlos Augusto de , Santos Nina Razzo Pereira dos , Cyrino Mariana de Oliveira , Credidio Laura , Virgilli Natália Silveira , Simões Neto Joaquim
Published: February 2018

Objetivo Demonstrar, em 36 porcos usados como modelos vivos, que o acesso intraósseo (IO) é mais eficaz em comparação com o acesso endovenoso (EV) na administração de antibiótico profilático em cirurgias na articulação do joelho.

Materiais e Métodos Foram coletadas, analisadas e comparadas amostras de pele, tecido subcutâneo, cartilagem e osso, após administração de antibiótico profilático EV e IO em grupos diferentes.

Resultado A comparação entre os grupos IO e EV indicou que no grupo IO houve maior concentração de antibiótico profilático na pele (p = 0,049), na cartilagem (p = 0,018) e no osso (p = 0,002), na análise das primeiras 24 horas após 30 minutos de infusão.

Conclusão Visto que as complicações dessa prática são raras, o uso dessa via pode ser uma opção para a diminuição do risco de infecção do sítio cirúrgico nas cirurgias ortopédicas, pois leva à diminuição da morbimortalidade e dos gastos hospitalares com reabordagens ou com tempo prolongado de internação. Contudo, são necessários mais pesquisas e novos estudos experimentais em seres humanos, dado que está comprovada a eficácia do método em porcos.
Ruptura atraumática bilateral do ligamento patelar—relato de caso
Authors: Juliato Raul , Boschi Luis , Juliato Raul , Freitas Americo , França Alexandre , Bottura Lourenço
Published: February 2018

A ruptura atraumática bilateral do ligamento patelar é uma lesão rara, geralmente associada a doenças sistêmicas e ao uso de medicamentos como corticoides e fluoroquinolonas. Este relato apresenta um caso de rotura atraumática bilateral do ligamento patelar em um homem de 43 anos, portador de obesidade, diabetes melitus tipo 2 e em uso de corticoide sistêmico para doença autoimune (granulomatose de Wegener). Esses fatores provocam alterações degenerativas e inflamatórias crônicas nos ligamentos, confirmadas pelo exame histológico. Devido à qualidade tecidual, foi feito reparo primário do ligamento associado a reforço com o tendão semitendíneo. Após um ano, o paciente apresentou evolução satisfatória, com ganho de amplitude de movimento completo e retorno às atividades habituais, sem sequelas.
Cross-level impact of team goal orientation and individual goal orientation on individual creativity
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ji Ming , Anwar Ch. Mahmood , Li Quanxi , Fu Guanghua
Published: February 2018

This study explored how individual and team-level goal orientation influence individual creativity in a work setting. By creating a cross-level theoretical framework, we tested 562 members of 81 teams currently working in various companies in China. The study analyzed the relationships between individual goal orientation, team goal orientation, and individual creativity from cross-level perspective linked by motivated information processing theory. Applying multilevel research method and hierarchical-level modeling, we found that team learning goal orientation and individual learning goal orientation influence individual creativity through different information activities at their own levels. Moreover, team learning goal orientation has a positive and team performance-avoidance goal orientation has a negative effect on individual creativity through team information exchange, while individual learning goal orientation poses a positive effect on individual creativity through individual information elaboration. In conclusion, it was indicated that team members tend to elaborate more work-related information when teams are more learning-orientated. Conversely, team members do not tend to elaborate information when their team has higher performance-avoidance goal orientation.
Great boast, small roast on effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: response to a critique of our systematic review
Authors: Katakam Kiran Kumar , Sethi Naqash Javaid , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Gluud Christian
Published: February 2018

Our systematic review inBMC Psychiatryconcluded that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) compared with placebo significantly increase the risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) in patients with major depression and the potential beneficial effects of SSRIs seem to be outweighed by the harms. Hieronymus et al. accused us of methodological inaccuracies and blatant errors. In theirpost-hocanalysis of our data, they reported that SSRIs only increase the risk of SAEs in elderly and seems safe for non-elderly patients. They also found our review misleading because our efficacy analyses were based on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; we included suboptimal SSRI doses; and we missed some ‘pivotal trials’. We do not agree with Hieronymus et al. regarding several of the ‘errors’ they claim that we have made. However, we acknowledge that they have identified minor errors and that we missed some trials. After rectifying the errors and inclusion of the missed trials by us and Hieronymus et al., we re-analysed the data. The updated analyses are even more robust and confirm our earlier conclusions. SSRIs significantly increase the risk of an SAE both in non-elderly (p=0.045) and elderly (p=0.01) patients [overall odds ratio 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13 to 1.73;p=0.002; I2=0%]. Moreover, SSRIs did not change noticeably the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the internationally accepted scale (mean difference −2.02 points; 95% CI −2.38 to −1.66;p<0.00001). We found no differential effect of dose (p=0.20).
Compensation for Palestinian Refugees: Law, Politics and Praxis
Authors: Brynen Rex
Published: February 2018

The question of Palestinian refugees has long been recognised as one of the core issues that would need to be addressed in any eventual Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement. This article examines compensation for property seizure and forced displacement, an aspect that has figured in every round of major peace talks on permanent status issues for the past quarter of a century. Drawing upon research, informal ‘track two’ discussions and official negotiations, it highlights the challenge of crafting arrangements that would be both politically and practically feasible.
Acoustic characteristics and learner profiles of low-, mid- and high-level second language fluency
Authors: SAITO KAZUYA , ILKAN MELTEM , MAGNE VIKTORIA , TRAN MAI NGOC , SUZUKI SHUNGO
Published: February 2018

In the context of 90 adult Japanese learners of English with diverse second language experience and 10 native speakers, this study examined the linguistic characteristics and learner profiles of low-, mid- and high-level fluency performance. The participants’ spontaneous speech samples were initially rated by 10 native listeners for global fluency on a 9-point scale (1 =dysfluent, 9 =very fluent), and then divided into four proficiency groups via cluster analyses: low (n= 29), mid (n= 30), high (n= 31), and native (n= 10). Next, the data set was analyzed for the number of pauses within/between clauses, articulation rate, and the frequency of repetitions/self-corrections. According to the results of a series of analyses of variance, the frequency of final-clause pauses differentiated low- and mid-level fluency performance; the number of mid-clause pauses differentiated mid- and high-level performance; and articulation rate differentiated high-level and nativelike performance. The analyses also found that the participants’ second language fluency was significantly associated with their length of residence profiles (0–18 years), but not with their age of arrival profiles (19–40 years).
FACING DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES: PENSION CUTS OR TAX HIKES?
Authors: Kudrna George , Tran Chung , Woodland Alan
Published: February 2018

A challenge that faces many advanced economies is how to finance age-related spending programs as the population ages. In this paper, we investigate two policy options–pension cuts and tax hikes–to mitigate fiscal pressure arising in the special context of Australia, whose population is ageing fast while growing substantially in size due to immigration. Using a computable overlapping generations model, we find that while both policy reforms can achieve a similar fiscal goal, they lead to different distributional and welfare effects across income groups over time. Future generations prefer pension cuts, whereas current generations prefer tax hikes to finance government spending commitments. Moreover, within the tax hike option, taxing income or consumption results in opposing macroeconomic and welfare effects. Indeed, our opposing intra- and inter-temporal welfare outcomes highlight some political complexity when devising a more sustainable tax-transfer system.
Characteristics associated with mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)–heart failure coexistence
Authors: Plachi Franciele , Balzan Fernanda M. , Sanseverino Renata A. , Palombini Dora V. , Marques Renata D. , Clausell Nadine O. , Knorst Marli M. , Neder J. Alberto , Berton Danilo C.
Published: February 2018

Aim

To investigate if cardiac/pulmonary functional tests and variables obtained from clinical practice (body mass index, dyspnea, functional class, clinical judgment of disability to perform an exercise test and previous hospitalization rate) are related to mortality in patients with overlap chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF).

Background

Although the coexistence of COPD and CHF has been growingly reported, description of survival predictors considering the presence of both conditions is still scarce.

Methods

Using a cohort design, outpatients with the previous diagnosis of COPD and/or CHF that performed both spirometry and echocardiography in the same year were followed-up during a mean of 20.9±8.5 months.

Findings

Of the 550 patients initially evaluated, 301 had both spirometry and echocardiography: 160 (53%) with COPD on isolation; 100 (33%) with CHF on isolation; and 41 (14%) with overlap. All groups presented similar mortality: COPD 17/160 (11%); CHF 12/100 (12%); and overlap 7/41 (17%) (P=0.73). In the overlap group (n=41), inability to exercise and hospitalization rate were the unique parameters associated with higher mortality (seven events) in univariate analyses. In conclusion, inability to exercise and hospitalization rate emerged as the unique parameters associated with mortality in our sample.