bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Expanding Significance Of One Acre
Authors: Gilbert Daniel R.
Published: April 2003

One acre, 4,840 square yards, 43,560 square feet, seems like such an insignificant marker of human presence on planet Earth. Yet, one acre, taken both literally and as metaphor, holds significant potential as a teaching device. This article is about an assignment through which undergraduate students learn to make connections between the natural environment and the privileged human act known as management. The assignment requires students to examine layers of history and complexity on one acre of land.
Sustaining Inner And Outer Worlds: A Whole-Systems Approach To Developing Sustainable Business Practices In Management
Authors: Bradbury Hilary
Published: April 2003

Sustainability issues are not just “out there” in the external environment. In approaching the issue of sustainability, students benefit from questioning what is it that sustains their own lives, the lives of those they care about, and the organizations in which they work. If encouraged to do this, students become better systems thinkers as they link their external and internal worlds. This article presents some clarification of the concept and practices associated with sustainable development and describes numerous class exercises to help management students move sustainable development into their own sphere of attention and practice.
The Ecollaborative: Teaching Sustainability Through Critical Pedagogy
Authors: Welsh M. Ann , Murray Dale L.
Published: April 2003

The Ecollaborative is an interdisciplinary course where teams of students from business, industrial design, and environmental studies create or redesign a product for a corporate client using principles of sustainable design and development. Three aspects of this course make it valuable to students: the use of critical pedagogy, a collaborative approach to innovation management (across disciplines and organizations), and a real-world context. The resulting learning experience empowers students to move beyond discipline-specific models of new product development and to use principles of sustainability to drive innovation.
Natural Capitalists: Increasing Business Students’ Environmental Sensitivity
Authors: Cordano Mark , Ellis Kimberly M. , Scherer Robert F.
Published: April 2003

Recently, management educators have proposed that colleges of business should enrich their curricula with environmental topics. However, there has been little research assessing how environmental materials affect business students. In this study, the authors examine the effect of a required course using six different measures of environmental concern. They found that business students expressed greater levels of environmental concern on each of the six measures at the end of this course. The authors discuss these results given the proposals to include environmental topics in business courses and suggest how to incorporate environmental materials into these courses.
Reconstructing the Language of Death and Grief
Authors: Hedtke Lorraine
Published: April 2003

While death is a biological event, the ways in which we make sense of it are shaped by the social discourses of the worlds in which we live. A narrative and social constructionist therapeutic approach opens new practices of conversation with those who are dying or bereaved. These practices emphasize the ongoing story of relationship. Stories are encouraged to bring forth and develop positive connections following death to support a position of agency, hopefulness, and legacy. From this perspective, grief too becomes an evolving and creative opportunity for story development rather than an unpleasant task to be worked through as quickly as possible.
The Widowers' Bereavement Process and Death Rituals: Hong Kong Experiences
Authors: Pang Tim H. C. , Lam C. W.
Published: April 2003

This study explores the function of death rituals in the widowers' bereavement process. Four widowers holding different beliefs were interviewed. It was found that the respondents benefited from the performance of death rituals and the participants' support. They also had self-evolved postfuneral rituals for creating a continuing bond with their deceased wives, and this is a crucial step toward the goal of accommodation in bereavement for the respondents. The authors postulate that to help the widowers, it is necessary for bereavement counselors to be familiar with the messages contained in the death rituals of different religions. The humanist funeral also needs to be developed for nonreligious communities. Furthermore, bereavement counselors need to develop their empathy toward clients who come from non-Christian communities (e.g., Chinese communities) because negative attitudes toward death may be deeply rooted in their cultures.
Suicidal Ideation and Depression among Institutionalized Elderly: The Influence of Residency Duration
Authors: Ron Pnina
Published: April 2003

An exploratory study of eighty-three randomly selected elderly persons relocated to a nursing home was conducted in the north of Israel. The aim was to examine the relationship between duration of residency and suicidal ideation. Elderly people in four different periods of residency were compared on three scales: the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Scale for Suicide Ideation. Participants at all four stages of relocation expressed high levels of suicidality, particularly those in their first seven months of residency. In addition, residents at different stages of adaptation to relocation at the nursing home expressed different levels of depression, suicidality, and hopelessness. It is suggested that special attention be paid to residents' subjective mental and emotional states, especially during the first period of relocation.
The Intergenerational Effects of Grief and Trauma
Authors: Gajdos Kathleen Curzie
Published: April 2003

This article discusses the multigenerational effects of grief and trauma. When grief and trauma are not attended to with awareness and compassion in one generation, the deleterious effects of that trauma and grief cascade through the family tree, creating a domino effect of dysfunction. How this cascade manifests within individuals and families is explored.
Medical Crisis and Loss Clinic: Novel Approach to Family Transitions
Authors: Williams Jane , Hackworth Samuel R. , Cradock Mary M.
Published: April 2003

Difficult transitions are often required for children and families following trauma, loss, or diagnosis of a chronic or life-threatening illness. In response to a perceived unmet community need, a medical crisis and loss clinic was established to address problems resulting from adaptation to change. This article describes the clinic, provides statistics concerning community use, and reflects qualitative findings from therapeutic experiences. Referral patterns suggest that most cases involve complicated grief due to developmental factors, family characteristics, or circumstances of the trauma, illness, or death. Flexibility of the clinic structure appears to increase the effectiveness of interventions and shortens the number of sessions required. From the therapists' perspectives, greater openness in communication is felt to be a critical element for the process of change. Recommendations for future research are provided.
Living with Spirit: The Rights of Cancer Survivors
Authors: Spingarn Natalie Davis
Published: April 2003

A new population lives among us today—a new minority of … people with a history of cancer. You see these modern survivors in offices and in factories, on bicycles and cruise ships, on tennis courts, beaches and bowling alleys. You see them in all ages, shapes, sizes and colors. Usually they are unremarkable in appearance; sometime they are remarkable for the way they have learned to live with disabilities resulting from cancer or its treatment.
Identity and the Illness Experience: Issues Faced by Mothers with Cancer
Authors: Kayser Karen , Sormanti Mary
Published: April 2003

Facing a life-threatening illness such as cancer can lead a woman to reevaluate her identity and the meaning of her existence. Utilizing a relational perspective, this study examined changes in identity experienced by a sample of mothers with cancer. Qualitative data on forty-one women were collected utilizing a semistructured interview schedule. While the theme of relationships was interwoven throughout their self-descriptions, the women's responses varied regarding how they managed their relational activities during their illness. Most respondents reported having positive feelings about who they were despite the often difficult impact that the illness and treatment had on their family roles. Many also reported that their experience with cancer had changed their sense of identity by causing them to reprioritize what was important and by revealing their personal strengths. Suggestions for health care professionals to assist women with cancer in coping with identity-related issues are offered.
Care beyond Cancer: The Culture of Creativity
Authors: Ferris Beth , Stein Youpa
Published: April 2003

The expressive arts can provide cancer survivors with tools to navigate the unknown and to find meaning in their illness. This article examines the key concepts developed by Living Art, a nonprofit organization, in its “Cancer, Courage, and Creativity” ten-week expressive arts therapy groups for cancer survivors. Using art, drama, poetry, movement, ritual, myth, and mask making, Living Art has developed a program of creative action. Cancer can be viewed as a demand for inner personal change. Based on metaphor and symbol, myth and enduring stories widen the field of one's perception. Drawing on the etymology of metaphor, meaning to transfer or cross over, the expressive arts build bridges between past and present, between one's own story and the heroic journey it represents. Thus, the development of a culture of creativity is shared among participants as a way of cultivating an expanded self-identity and moving into a new life beyond cancer.
Managing Cancer Pain: Where We've Come from, Where We Are, and What is Left to Do
Authors: Haylock Pamela J.
Published: April 2003

An exploding number of resources—Internet sites, scientific papers, ponderous treatises from an expanding pool of experts, and self-help trade publications—address the management of chronic cancer-related and nonmalignant pain. Local, state, national, and international organizations promote optimal management of pain. The U.S. Veteran's Administration and the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations have recently issued standards targeting appropriate assessment and management of pain. Despite the apparent interest and attention, the needless suffering from pain remains and is especially devastating at the end of life, when nearly half of all Americans die in pain. This article explores the evolution and current status of efforts to relieve pain and emphasizes broad-based interdisciplinary approaches to the management of pain.
The Needs and Resources for Hospice Care in the Connecticut Prison System: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Zimmermann Nealy , Wald Florence S. , Thompson A. Siobhan
Published: April 2003

Higher morbidity rates and aging populations are trends in our nation's prisons. In 1997 and 1998, correctional staff members and inmates were interviewed to assess their understanding of end-of-life care and the need for hospice in Connecticut state prisons. Community resources were identified for future partnerships in developing such services.
End-of-Life Care behind Bars
Authors: Taylor Phyllis B.
Published: April 2003

More people than ever before are being incarcerated in the United States. Many inmates are infected with HIV and hepatitis C. Sentences are increasing in length. Prison health care is now having to cope with the many chronic illnesses associated with an ill and aging population. The growth of end-of-life care programs in corrections in the United States is a direct result of the changing demographics of inmates. This article examines the need for end-of-life care behind bars and discusses selected hospice programs.
Israeli Hospital Social Workers' Attitudes toward and Experiences with AIDS: A National Study
Authors: Rimmerman Arie , Sheffi Batia
Published: April 2003

This Israeli national study examined 248 hospital social workers' attitudes and experiences with HIV/AIDS. Major findings showed differential attitudes related to different categories for people living with HIV/AIDS. Social workers' knowledge about, and experience with persons with AIDS, age, and religiosity were associated with these differential attitudes. Findings are discussed in comparison to studies and social work practice.
Suicide and Brain Death: A Study of Contemporary Japanese Spirituality and Identity
Authors: Hamamoto Mari
Published: April 2003

In this article, the author discusses the spiritual crisis facing contemporary Japanese people. First, the author deals with how modernization has pervaded Japanese people and how it has affected their attitude toward religion, as well as their identity in the context of history. Starting from the characterization of the coexistence of Buddhism and Shintoism, the author explores Japanese spirituality and the sense of self. Then, the problems of suicide and brain death are dealt with, with reference to the discussion of identity. These problems will be discussed because each one throws some doubt on the values of highly modernized contemporary society. By shedding light on these issues, the author describes how the spirituality of Japanese people is at stake.
Therapeutic Strategies for Coping with a Life-Threatening Illness: A Personal Testament
Authors: Laungani Pittu
Published: April 2003

This article is a personal account of the author's experiences with a chronic, life-threatening illness, of which he has been a victim for the past fourteen years. In the article, the author argues that a serious life-threatening illness need not be seen as the end of the world for the sufferer. Such an attitude is self-defeating. It has serious negative consequences for the sufferer, with a high probability of the sufferer experiencing depression, loss of any goal and purpose in life, followed by a ten-dency to give up fighting. These are negative, pessimistic, and self-defeating attitudes. The author outlines definite, practical ways by which one can overcome such feelings and attitudes and transform one's life, making it positive, enjoyable, and happy. The author suggests how, despite one's chronic condition, one can work within one's limited capacity, create a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life, and extract as much fun and pleasure out of it as possible.
Changes in Attitudes and Practice toward Dying People after Completion of a U.K.-Based Distance Learning Death and Dying Course
Authors: Silverdale Natalie , Katz Jeanne
Published: April 2003

K260 is an Open University distance learning course in death and dying that incorporates historical, anthropological, sociological, and psychological approaches to death and dying. The course deals with principles and practices of palliative care, communication with dying people and their families, bereavement and grief, and moral, ethical, and legal issues involved in death and dying. Through a qualitative analysis of respondent written comments regarding how they would respond to a dying person, this study sought to determine how students felt their attitudes and practice had changed as a result of studying this course in terms of how they would respond to a dying person. Six themes emerged that individually and in combination highlight important ways in which respondents perceived their response toward a dying person had altered as a result of completing K260. These themes are awareness, understanding, and insight; individualized care and patient autonomy; self-awareness; ability to communicate emotionally; ability to communicate practically; and practical knowledge and resources developed.
Psychometric Assessment and Clinical Application of the Correa-Barrick Depression Rating Scale
Authors: Barrick Christina B. , Taylor Dianne E. , Correa Elsa I.
Published: April 2003

This article reports on the psychometric results of a new self-report depression rating scale from three separate methodological research studies (pilot, main, and replication). Based on classical test theory, psychometric findings supported preliminary validity and reliability in the original study (N = 503), which consisted of a pilot study of 116 participants and a main study of 337 faculty and staff at a mid-Atlantic metropolitan university and 50 outpatients being treated for depression in a private psychiatric practice. The validity and reliability of the new scale was further supported in the replication study (N = 121), which consisted of 96 outpatients and 25 inpatients under treatment for depression. In all three studies, results revealed that severe depression is associated with altered perception, particularly impairment in color sensitivity. Implications for clinical application are discussed.
Nurse Practitioners and Preventive Screening in the Hospital
Authors: Kelley Carol Genet , Daly Barbara J. , Anthony Mary K. , Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Stange Kurt C.
Published: April 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate a reminder to discuss cervical cancer screening with hospitalized females. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the association of a reminder intervention for nurse practitioners with two outcomes: prevalence of cervical cancer screening as documented in patients’ charts and patients’ self-report of cervical cancer screening 4 months after discharge. Data were collected by chart review and phone survey. The sample consisted of nurse practitioners caring for eligible female patients at a university teaching hospital. Chi-square was used to test all research questions. The rate of documentation of cervical cancer screening increased from 2% to 69% after implementation of the reminder intervention. The reminder intervention did not impact patients actually receiving Pap smears after discharge. The significant increase in documentation of screening associated with the use of the single reminder in the patients’ charts support the use of this low-cost intervention.
Computer-Assisted Self-Interview and Nutrition Education in Pregnant Teens
Authors: Bechtel-Blackwell Deborah A.
Published: April 2003

The purpose of this study was to conduct computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) nutrition assessment in a pregnant, adolescent African American population to compare the effect of a nutrition education intervention with the standard dietitian consult on gestational weight gain patterns and postpartum weight retention. Control group (n = 24) and experimental group (n = 22) data obtained from the nutritional assessment and measurement of gestational weight gain/postpartum weight retention patterns were compared during the second trimester, third trimester, and 6 weeks postpartum to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The experimental group gained significantly less weight during the first and second trimesters than the control group. During the third trimester, gestational weight gain was significantly higher for the experimental group. Postpartum weight retention was significantly higher for the control group. There were no significant differences between maternal characteristics of the two groups. Fat content and daily caloric content of participants in the control group were significantly higher than the experimental group.
Breathing Life Into Organizational Studies
Authors: Dutton Jane E.
Published: April 2003

As the title suggestions, this article asks two basic questions of organizational scholars: How do we come alive in how we do our research? What do we look for in organizational contexts to see life? Drawing on personal experience and an extraordinary example of a life-filled unit in a billing department of a community hospital, this essay engages these two questions.
Using Assessment Center Methods for Measuring Undergraduate Business Student Outcomes
Authors: Riggio Ronald E. , Mayes Bronston T. , Schleicher Deidra J.
Published: April 2003

This article reports on the use of assessment center (AC) methods for student outcome assessment for undergraduate business school students at a large state university. Using the model of a traditional managerial AC, our student assessment center (SAC) project sought to use this technology for measuring business student outcomes. The SAC consisted of a 5-hour combination of performance-based exercises and a battery of pencil-and-paper tests and relevant personality inventories to assess students' work readiness. A total of 754 junior and senior students completed the AC. Reliability coefficients of ratings of SAC exercises were consistent with those found in professional managerial ACs. There was some evidence for the content and construct validity of our SAC, and cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses demonstrated the SAC's concurrent and predictive validity. Strengths, weaknesses, and costs of using AC methods for student outcome assessment are discussed and suggestions are made for using ACs in higher education.
Crosscurrents at Sea
Authors: Komaki Judith L. , Minnich Michelle Reynard
Published: April 2003

As a precursor to making effective prescriptions for leaders of teams, a descriptive study was conducted. Leaders were videotaped while their teams physically executed the task of racing a sailboat. The videotaping enabled skippers to be observed every 15 seconds during practice races ( N = 28) using the Operant Supervisory Taxonomy and Index—by Sequence. The Operant Supervisory Taxonomy and Index—by Sequence highlights the two supervisory behaviors of monitoring and providing consequences shown to be related to effectiveness in a variety of work settings. Time-series analyses indicated both level and slope changes in the leaders’ supervisory behaviors in response to the changing requirements of the task. The findings suggest the need to take into account the temporal patterns of leaders’ behaviors and the dynamics of the task when conceptualizing effective leadership.
The Workplace Social Exchange Network
Authors: Cole Michael S. , Schaninger William S. , Harris Stanley G.
Published: April 2003

In this article, the authors present a framework (the Workplace Social Exchange Network) that draws from multiple streams of social exchange research. The authors attempt to provide an integrative, cross-level theory for understanding the diverse social exchanges that occur in the work-place. Within the workplace, there are a number of social exchanges that may take place between an individual and (a) the organization, (b) their supervisor, and (c) their work group. Surprisingly, researchers have overlooked the influence of social exchanges between employees and their work groups. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first article that collectively discusses the influences and interactions between the three predominate social exchange domains. In addition, the authors provide testable propositions that specify relationships between domains of exchange relationships, moderating organizational factors, and employee outcomes.
Using Social Exchange Theory to Distinguish Procedural from Interactional Justice
Authors: Cropanzano Russell , Prehar Cynthia A. , Chen Peter Y.
Published: April 2003

Organizational justice researchers have long debated the distinction between procedural and interactional justice. Recently, several researchers have proposed that procedural and interactional justice can be distinguished from one another using social exchange theory. In particular, procedural justice applies more to the exchange between the individual and employing organization, whereas interactional justice generally refers to the exchange between the individual and his or her supervisor. If this theory is correct, procedural justice should be more closely associated with reactions toward upper management and organizational policies, whereas interactional justice should be more closely associated with reactions toward one’s supervisor and job performance. These predictions were tested in a field study involving approximately 107 employees and their supervisors. Predictions were generally confirmed, though there were some unexpected findings.
Explaining the Gender Effects on Faculty Pay Increases
Authors: Balkin David B. , Gomez-Mejia Luis R.
Published: April 2003

This study examines the gender effects on faculty pay raises. The authors propose that other factors being equal, for a given pay increase, male faculty would experience lower levels of pay satisfaction and be more likely to quit their institution than females. The sample consisted of 194 professors of management. As expected, for a given pay increase, male faculty experienced lower levels of pay satisfaction and were more likely to leave the institution. Implications of the study for making gender-neutral decisions are discussed.
Information Cuesand Decision Making
Authors: Lant Theresa K. , Hewlin Patricia F.
Published: April 2003

The question of how managers make decisions, such as formulating competitive strategies, continues to be a major theme in management literature. Cognitive models of organizational decision making have benefited from research on individual-level information processing. This study explores the applicability of individual-level models of information processing to teams of decision makers making decisions in simulated organizations. The article proposes that cognitive schemas and team decision-making structure will focus decision-maker attention on different types of information for different categories of decisions. The findings suggest that there are both similarities and differences in the cues that influence tactical and strategic decisions.
Group Membership Salience and the Movement of Conflict
Authors: Proudford Karen L. , Smith Kenwyn K.
Published: April 2003

Conflict in and among groups often erupts in surprising and unexpected ways. Building upon extant theory regarding the movement of conflict, the authors posit that conflict gets enacted in distinct ways when individuals and groups are heterogeneous. The relative impermeability of identity group boundaries fundamentally changes the patterns of interaction required to achieve a state of balance in three-party interactions. The authors present two cases that explore the movement and transformation of conflict among employees in a large financial institution. The intricate dynamics suggest that organization and identity group memberships spawn layers of interaction that generate, escalate, resolve, and/or conceal conflict among organizational participants.
Heterosexism in the Workplace
Authors: Ragins Belle Rose , Cornwell John M. , Miller Janice S.
Published: April 2003

This article examined the effects of multiple group memberships and relational demography on the workplace experiences of 534 gay employees, 162 of whom were gay employees of color. Two competing models of multiple group membership were tested by assessing the effects of race and gender on sexual orientation discrimination and the decision to disclose a gay identity at work. Race and gender were unrelated to heterosexism. Lesbians were as likely to disclose as gay men, but gay employees of color were less likely to disclose at work. Relational demography predictions were supported for race and sexual orientation but not for gender, suggesting that gender similarity predictions may not apply to gay employees. More heterosexism was reported with male supervisors or work teams, and these effects were stronger for lesbians than gay men. Irrespective of race, employees in racially balanced teams reported less heterosexism than those in primarily White or non-White teams.
Employing an Innovation Strategy in Racially Diverse Workforces
Authors: Richard Orlando , McMillan Amy , Chadwick Ken , Dwyer Sean
Published: April 2003

This study explored racial diversity’s influence on firm performance. A national sample of 177 banks was used to first test competing hypotheses supported by the resource-based view of the firm and social identity theory that posited positive and negative direct effects, respectively, of racial diversity on organizational performance. No support was found for either prediction. However, a contingency theory-based hypothesis was supported. A moderation effect indicated that racial diversity’s association with performance was contingent on firms’ level of innovation. Specifically, racial diversity enhanced performance for banks pursuing an innovation strategy, whereas for banks low in innovation, performance declined. The results suggest that a racially diverse workforce in conjunction with an innovation-focused business strategy may provide firms a competitive advantage. This study thus supports a contingency/resource-based perspective that states that racial diversity, as a knowledge-based resource, needs to be set in an appropriate context to fully realize its potential benefits.
Gender Demography and Organization Performance
Authors: Frink Dwight D. , Robinson Robert K. , Reithel Brian , Arthur Michelle M. , Ammeter Anthony P. , Ferris Gerald R. , Kaplan David M. , Morrisette Hubert S.
Published: April 2003

Considerable theoretical work has been published to date concerning the relationship between demographic composition of organizations and the performance of those firms. Indeed, under the topics of organization demography, substantial thought has been given to how demographic composition influences organization performance. Unfortunately, little empirical research has been conducted. The present research reports the results of two organization-level studies that investigated the relationship between gender diversity of organizations and their performance and hypothesized a nonlinear association. Study 1 results demonstrated support for an inverted U-shaped relationship between gender composition and organization performance, as hypothesized, and these results were constructively replicated in Study 2, thus increasing confidence in the validity of the findings. The results of Study 2 suggest that some industries might not be able to take advantage of this gender composition–firm performance relationship. Implications of these results for theory and research are discussed.
"Collecting an Anecdote": The Role of Narrative in School Consultation
Authors: Mortola Peter , Carlson Jon
Published: April 2003

In recent years, an increasing number of studies regarding narrative have appeared in the literature of diverse fields including anthropology, gender studies, history, and developmental psychology. The role of narrative in the practice of consultation, however, has not yet been explored. In this article, the authors make visible how narrative is already at work in their practice as consultants. Through analysis of a case example and a brief exploration of narrative theory, the authors also offer recommendations as to how narrative can be effectively and helpfully used in the practice of consultation.
Racial Identity and Relationship Satisfaction in African American Gay Men
Authors: McLean Ron , Marini Irmo , Pope Mark
Published: April 2003

Little is known about the experiences of African American gay men. This study concentrated on one aspect of African American gay men's experience by examining the association between racial identity and relationship satisfaction. The Racial Identity Attitude Scale was used to measure racial identity, and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale was used to assess relationship satisfaction. Statistical analyses suggest that in this sample, there was no significant correlation between racial identity and relationship satisfaction. A discussion of the study's findings and family counselor implications are presented.
Mothers and Sons: A Look at the Relationship Between Child Behavior Problems, Marital Satisfaction, Maternal Depression, and Family Cohesion
Authors: Henderson A. Davis , Sayger Thomas V. , Horne Arthur M.
Published: April 2003

This retrospective study assessed the interacting relationships between child behavior problems, marital satisfaction, maternal depression, and family cohesion in 43 mothers and school-aged boys from a clinical sample. Mothers rated their child's behavior, marital satisfaction, level of depression, and perceived family cohesion. Results suggest that mothers with depressive symptoms report lower levels of marital satisfaction and higher levels of child behavior problems. Findings also suggest that maternal depression acts as a mediating mechanism for child behavior. In addition, marital dissatisfaction is related to lower levels of family cohesion. A discussion of the findings is presented, followed by implications for future research and clinical practice from a family systems perspective.
Adaptations of the Multifaceted Genogram in Counseling, Training, and Supervision
Authors: Magnuson Sandy , Shaw Holly E.
Published: April 2003

This article provides a review of representative literature offering modifications of traditional genogram formats, procedures, and emphases. Topics include counseling techniques and interventions for couples' issues related to sexuality, intimacy, and gender roles. Families and stepfamilies are addressed in areas such as grief and loss, alcoholism, and identification of family resources. The authors also include adaptations of genogram techniques for career counseling, counselor training, and counselor supervision.
Conversion Therapy: Ethical Considerations in Family Counseling
Authors: Steigerwald Fran , Janson Gregory R.
Published: April 2003

This article is the third and final part of a series of articles considering ethical issues in counseling with families and individuals within families with gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transsexual (GLBT) concerns. Conversion therapy and the ethical and practical considerations are explored in this third part. Emphasis is placed on the need for counselors to assess personal biases in the area of working with sexual minorities. A reflective exercise and case study are presented for personal exploration of awareness of biases and prejudice in working these populations.
Cancer, Families, and Family Counselors
Authors: Duffy Maureen , Gillig Scott
Published: April 2003

In this article, the authors examine the role of the family counselor in working with cancer patients and their families. Lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity, obesity, nutrition, and coping styles are increasingly linked causally to the development of cancer. The authors suggest ways in which the family counselor can work proactively with families in the area of cancer prevention. Because new cancer treatment protocols are reducing treatment side effects and increasing length of life after diagnosis, family counselors can also be effective in helping families to view cancer as a chronic disease and to cope more effectively with its impact on their lives. A clinical case example is used to illustrate intervention with cancer patients and their families.
Reflecting "As If": An Integrative Process in Couples Counseling
Authors: Watts Richard E.
Published: April 2003

An integration of Adlerian and social constructionist ideas, the reflecting "as if" technique asks clients to take a reflective step backward to consider perceptual and behavioral alternatives as a prelude to their acting as if they were the couple they desire to be. This article describes the reflecting as if technique and provides a brief case study demonstrating its use.
An Examination of Family-Involved Approaches to Alcoholism Treatment
Authors: Chan James G.
Published: April 2003

This article introduces the development and theoretical underpinnings of family-involved treatment for alcoholism against a backdrop of major theories of addiction. It describes several interventions from the family therapy literature in relation to Prochaska, DiClemente, and Norcross’s model of change, with an emphasis on behavioral techniques. It also outlines efficacy research and considers some problems with the family approach. Although the lack of agreement regarding theory and practice may be the most salient difficulty for the field, the discussion further reveals an inconsistency between the tenets of the family systems paradigm and behaviorally-based family interventions. It suggests that the family approach should expand its scope of analysis and challenges researchers to incorporate additional techniques from diverse perspectives.
Parenthood After Primary Infertility
Authors: Frances-Fischer Jana E. , Lightsey Owen Richard
Published: April 2003

The authors review the literature on the experience of parenting after primary infertility and describe construction and initial testing of an instrument for assessing characteristics of this understudied population. The Parenting After Infertility Survey (PAI) consists of eight theoretically and empirically derived subscales that measure important aspects of parenting after infertility. The method of survey development and results of initial testing are described. The 64-item PAI was administered to 181 volunteers who had become parents after experiences with primary infertility. Results indicated that four subscales—Being a Perfect Parent, Disclosure of Children’s Origins, Emotional Aspects of Infertility, and Overprotection of Children—had internal consistency of .60 or higher. Factor analysis largely substantiated these four scales, with one exception: Items on the Disclosure of Children’s Origins scale loaded on two factors.
The Illness Relationship Impact Inventory
Authors: Giroux Louise , Eckstein Daniel
Published: April 2003

The authors have created the Illness Relationship Impact Inventory (IRII) as one concrete way of examining each person’s personal relationship with illness during their formative years. These early experiences texture the impact on one’s experience of illness as an adult. Some suggestions based on the first author’s personal relationship to multiple sclerosis are combined with sample behavioral science theory relative to the impact of illness in couples and families. Discussion questions and “next steps” commitment for positive improvement in that aspect of the relationship conclude the article.
Adolescent Sexuality
Authors: Sharpe Thomasina H.
Published: April 2003

This article offers a medical and psychosocial perspective of adolescent sexual development. Sub-types of sexual development are discussed as well as treatment implications for allied health providers.
Adlerian Therapy as a Relational Constructivist Approach
Authors: Watts Richard E.
Published: April 2003

According to R.A. Neimeyer (2000) and Botella and Herrero (2000), an integrative bridge between cognitive constructivist and social constructionist approaches to therapy might be usefully labeled relational constructivism. This article affirms that Adlerian therapy—both explicitly and implicitly—is a relational constructivist approach, and consequently may serve as an integrative bridge between cognitive constructivist and social constructionist therapies. Both theory and practice issues are discussed.
Helping Families Work Well With Welfare Reform: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Wycoff Susan , Cameron Susan
Published: April 2003

This rejoinder is a follow-up to the recent Family Journal article “Have Families Fared Well From Welfare Reform? Educating Clinicians About Policy, Paradox, and Change.” In this rejoinder, the authors offer practical suggestions for family clinicians and related social service professionals working with families leaving welfare.
“Forgive and Forget”: A Case Example of Contextual Marital Therapy
Authors: Mauldin Gary R.
Published: April 2003

The following is a case example of contextual marital therapy in the treatment of a couple who presented for therapy because of an extramarital affair. It contains background information concerning presenting issues, a theoretical conceptualization, a narrative of the therapy process, discussion, and conclusions. The focus of this case centers on how the idea of forgiveness might be utilized to facilitate reconciliation in conflicted relationships.
The Moscow School of Quantitative Cross-Cultural Research
Authors: Khizrieva Galina A. , de Munck Victor C. , Bondarenko Dmitri M.
Published: April 2003

In this paper the authors review the tradition of quantitative cross-cultural research in Russia, starting with a review of the qualitative cross-cultural research tradition, both in the world in general and in Russia in particular. Afterwards, the authors discuss in more detail the origins of the Moscow School of quantitative cross-cultural research, as well as the main concrete results obtained by those belonging to it.
Factors of Sexual Freedom Among Foragers in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: Korotayev Andrey V. , Kazankov Alexander A.
Published: April 2003

Among the negative predictors of sexual freedom, cultural complexity always has been mentioned as most important. However, regression analysis revealed the existence of a reverse trend within the interval between 11 and 22 points of Murdock’s Cumulative Scale of Cultural Complexity. This suggests that it is senseless to try to find a general set of regularities regarding the correlation between cultural complexity and sexual freedom. One would expect to find different sets of regularities for simple, medium-complexity, complex, and supercomplex cultures. In this article we begin with a summary analysis of research conducted on simple societies, suggesting a model of relationships between cultural complexity and female premarital sexual freedom among foragers. We suggest that the underlying variable in this model is foraging intensification.
Monopolization of Knowledge, Social Inequality, and Female Status: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Artemova Olga
Published: April 2003

The author argues that various types or displays of social inequality may have been shaped by quite different phenomena. Different mechanisms of structuring or institutionalization of hierarchical systems could act in parallel in the same culture (or society) or could be specific to particular cultures in particular periods and circumstances. These mechanisms could have their foundations in the sphere of material production and property relations as well as outside this sphere. In the last case, monopolization of special knowledge and occupations (often closely connected with ideology) by certain social groups is a powerful force that often shaped and still shapes social inequality. To illustrate the idea, data on some hunter-gatherer societies where such mechanisms of social differentiation existed in the most pure and uncomplicated forms are used.
Status of Women, Female Contribution to Subsistence, and Monopolization of Information: Further Cross-Cultural Comparisons
Authors: Korotayev Andrey V. , Cardinale Joseph
Published: April 2003

Although the statement that female status correlates negatively with cultural complexity is generally true, the real relation between these two groups of variables is much more complicated. Some important female status variables are characterized by significant positive correlation with cultural complexity within its certain ranges. There are some grounds for attributing this correlation to the rise of female status brought about by the transition to agriculture. On the other hand, contrary to the currently prevalent view, female contribution should be regarded as a significant positive predictor of some important dimensions of female status. The absence of significant correlation between cultural complexity and monopolization of information among societies of low midrange complexity (8-15 on Murdock’s scale) can be connected to the rise of female status with the transition to agriculture.
Unilineal Descent Organization and Deep Christianization: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Korotayev Andrey V.
Published: April 2003

The author studies variables that are usually regarded as the main causes of the decline of unilineal descent organization (statehood, class stratification and commercialization), along with a variable that has never been regarded as such a cause—deep Christianization. He finds that the traditionally accepted causes of the decline of unilineal descent organization are less significant (ρ = −.26 for the statehood; ρ= −.18 for class stratification, and ρ = −.23 for commercialization) than deep Christianization (φ = ρ = −.7). He also shows that the presence of unilineal descent groups correlates negatively with communal democracy and is especially strong for complex traditional societies (φ = −.49; = −.84). Because the communal democracy correlates positively with the supracommunal one, the Christianization of Europe might have contributed to the development of modern democracy by helping to destroy unilineal descent organization in this region.
What Motivates Municipal Governments? Uncovering the Institutional Incentives for Municipal Governance of Forest Resources in Bolivia
Authors: Andersson Krister
Published: April 2003

Several international treaties point to the advantages of a decentralized government structure for addressing environmental problems. Yet, little is known about the effects of decentralization reform on the conditions for local governance of natural resources. Even less is known about decentralization's effect on the condition of natural resources. This article raises concerns about the decentralization panacea and how it obscures a realistic assessment of municipal governments' role in decentralized natural resource management. The empirical analysis, based on field research in Bolivia's forestry sector, tests and discusses some of the conditions that are believed to be conducive to good decentralized governance of forest resources in developing countries. Specifically, the article examines what factors motivate Bolivian municipal governments to engage in forestry sector problem solving. Three institutional incentives appear to explain why municipalities in the Bolivian Lowlands would decide to invest in forestry, but these incentives are either weak or missing in most municipalities.
Psychometric Properties of the Hooper Visual Organization Test
Authors: Lopez Michael N. , Lazar Michael D. , Oh Sindy
Published: April 2003

The psychometric properties of the Hooper Visual Organization Test (VOT) have not been well investigated. Here the authors present internal consistency and interrater reliability coefficients, and an item analysis, using data from a sample ( N = 281) of "cognitively impaired" and "cognitively intact" patients, and patients with undetermined cognitive status. Coefficient alpha for the VOT total sample was .882. An item analysis found that 26 of the 30 items were good at discriminating among patients. Also, the interrater reliabilities for three raters (.992), two raters (.988), and one rater (.977) were excellent. Therefore, the judgmental scoring of the VOT does not interfere significantly with its clinical utility. The authors conclude that the VOT is a psychometrically sound test.
Neuropsychological Screening for Cognitive Impairment Using Computer-Assisted Tasks
Authors: White Roberta F. , James Kenneth E. , Vasterling Jennifer J. , Letz Richard , Marans Karen , Delaney Richard , Krengel Maxine , Rose Fredric , Kraemer Helena C.
Published: April 2003

The aim of this study was to validate a computer-assisted screening battery for classifying patients into two groups, those with and without cognitive impairment. Participants were all patients referred to the neuropsychology clinics at four VA medical centers during a 1-year period. Patients meeting the study inclusionary criteria (N = 252) were administered the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System-3 (NES3) computer-assisted battery. A detailed neuropsychological examination was carried out by an experienced neuropsychologist, who diagnosed the patient as cognitively impaired or not impaired. The neuropsychologist's diagnosis was the gold standard. Recursive partitioning analyses yielded several classification procedures using the NES3 data to predict the gold standard. These procedures produced a set of six NES3 tasks that provide good sensitivity and specificity in predicting diagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity for the least random classification procedure were 0.87 and 0.67, respectively. The results suggest that computer-assisted screening methods are a promising means of triaging patients.