bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marine Protected Areas: At the Crossroads of Nature Conservation and Fisheries Management
Authors: Kriegl Michael , Elías Ilosvay Xochitl E. , von Dorrien Christian , Oesterwind Daniel
Published: June 2021

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are designated parts of the ocean that restrict human activities to a certain degree. MPAs are established around the world using a wide range of legislative instruments and thus come in a variety of forms and shapes. Despite being regarded as the “cornerstone” of global marine conservation efforts, they currently cover less than 10% of the ocean surface. Individual MPAs aim to achieve goals ranging from the protection of specific habitats or species to sustaining certain commercial activities, such as fishing. By default, the establishment of MPAs intertwines social, ecological and economic considerations. Yet, the emphasis put on each of these domains can vary substantially when setting on-the-ground objectives, frequently creating conflict among stakeholders. In this manuscript, we first discuss current international conservation targets as well as potential future goals and delve into the question of how to assess the effectiveness of MPAs. Subsequently, we discuss the ambivalent role of this widely applied management tool at the crossroads between biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. Placing MPAs in a social-ecological framework, we call for clear and measurable goals to evaluate MPAs from an interdisciplinary perspective. Finally, we present the Baltic Sea, with its high degree of anthropogenic impact, long fishing history and comparatively extensive MPA coverage, as an interesting case study to investigate the role of MPAs in promoting a sustainable management of the ocean.
Red Propolis as a Source of Antimicrobial Phytochemicals: Extraction Using High-Performance Alternative Solvents
Authors: dos Santos Cíntia M. , de Souza Mesquita Leonardo M. , Braga Anna Rafaela C. , de Rosso Veridiana V.
Published: June 2021

Propolis is a resinous material rich in flavonoids and involved in several biological activities such as antimicrobial, fungicide, and antiparasitic functions. Conventionally, ethanolic solutions are used to obtain propolis phytochemicals, which restrict their use in some cultures. Given this, we developed an alcohol-free high-performance extractive approach to recover antibacterial and antioxidants phytochemicals from red propolis. Thus, aqueous-solutions of ionic liquids (IL) and eutectic solvents were used and then tested for their total flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The surface-responsive technique was applied regarding some variables, namely, the time of extraction, the number of extractions, and cavitation power (W), to optimize the process (in terms of higher yields of flavonoids and better antioxidant activity). After that, four extractions with the same biomass (repetitions) using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C6mim]Cl, under the operational conditions fixed at 3.3 min and 300 W, were able to recover 394.39 ± 36.30 mg RuE. g−1 of total flavonoids, with total antioxidant capacity evaluated up to 7595.77 ± 5.48 μmol TE. g−1dried biomass, besides inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis bacteria (inhibition halo of 23.0 ± 1.0 and 15.7 ± 2.1, respectively). Aiming at the development of new technologies, the antimicrobial effect also presented by [C6mim]Cl may be appealing, and future studies are required to understand possible synergistic actions with propolis phytochemicals. Thereby, we successfully applied a completely alcohol-free method to obtain antimicrobials phytochemicals and highly antioxidants from red propolis, representing an optimized process to replace the conventional extracts produced until now.
Strategies for Interfering With Bacterial Early Stage Biofilms
Authors: Fu Jingyuan , Zhang Yuning , Lin Shiyu , Zhang Wei , Shu Gang , Lin Juchun , Li Haohuan , Xu Funeng , Tang Huaqiao , Peng Guangneng , Zhao Ling , Chen Shiqi , Fu Hualin
Published: June 2021

Biofilm-related bacteria show high resistance to antimicrobial treatments, posing a remarkable challenge to human health. Given bacterial dormancy and high expression of efflux pumps, persistent infections caused by mature biofilms are not easy to treat, thereby driving researchers toward the discovery of many anti-biofilm molecules that can intervene in early stage biofilms formation to inhibit further development and maturity. Compared with mature biofilms, early stage biofilms have fragile structures, vigorous metabolisms, and early attached bacteria are higher susceptibility to antimicrobials. Thus, removing biofilms at the early stage has evident advantages. Many reviews on anti-biofilm compounds that prevent biofilms formation have already been done, but most of them are based on compound classifications to introduce anti-biofilm effects. This review discusses the inhibitory effects of anti-biofilm compounds on early stage biofilms formation from the perspective of the mechanisms of action, including hindering reversible adhesion, reducing extracellular polymeric substances production, interfering in the quorum sensing, and modifying cyclic di-GMP. This information can be exploited further to help researchers in designing new molecules with anti-biofilm activity.
Six-Month Outcomes of Post-ARDS Pulmonary Fibrosis in Patients With H1N1 Pneumonia
Authors: Gao Jing , Chu Weili , Duan Jiali , Li Junlu , Ma Wentao , Hu Chunling , Yao Mengying , Xing Lihua , Yang Yuejie
Published: June 2021

Background: Influenza virus is a common pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia. After H1N1 infection, some patients present with rapid disease progression and various respiratory complications, especially immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. However, most patients have a favorable prognosis. Influenza viruses infect respiratory epithelial cells, leading to diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), which could induce secondary bacterial or fungal infections that could lead to serious complications, such as acute respiratory failure, severe pneumonia, pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and post-ARDS fibrosis.

Objective: The short-term mortality rate of ARDS is decreasing, and understanding survivors’ posthospitalization outcomes is very important. Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of 69 patients who survived H1N1 pneumonia with severe respiratory complications and abnormal CT findings and developed post-ARDS pulmonary fibrosis.

Materials and methods: The 280 inpatients included in this trial had been diagnosed with H1N1 infection that was confirmed by pharyngeal sputum or swab tests. The data were collected from January 2018 to January 2020 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou. Of these patients, 232 had CT findings indicating pulmonary fibrosis after H1N1 infection, and 69 survived and consented to participate in this study. 6°months after diagnosis, the 69 surviving patients were interviewed and underwent physical examinations, CT scans, 6°min walk tests, and quality-of-life evaluations (SF-36). We analyzed the baseline variables and six-month outcomes of post-ARDS pulmonary fibrosis in patients with H1N1 pneumonia.

Results: Of the 69 surviving patients with post-ARDS pulmonary fibrosis, there were 24 females and 45 males, with a mean age of 53.7 ± 16.8°years; 18 patients (26%) had no underlying disease, and 14 (20%) patients had more than one underlying disease. The distance walked in 6°min increased from an average of 451.9°m at 3°months to 575.4°m at 6°months; the mean 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) physical function score increased from an average of 75.3 at 3°months to 77.5 at 6°months; and the average CT score decreased from 31.3 at 3°months to 14.8 at 6°months. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids and the presence of an underlying disease were related to the CT score and the distance walked in 6°min.

Conclusion: Among the survivors with pulmonary fibrosis after H1N1 influenza, the 6°min walk test and CT scores continued to be affected after 6°months. The 6°min walk distance and imaging findings improved during the first 6°months. The health-related QoL (HRQoL) scores of H1N1 pneumonia survivors were lower than those of sex- and age-matched controls.
Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics of Pancreatic Cancer to Determine Prognosis and Immune-Related Gene Signatures
Authors: Zhang Congjun , Ding Jun , Xu Xiao , Liu Yangyang , Huang Wei , Da Liangshan , Ma Qiang , Chen Shengyang
Published: June 2021

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer with extremely poor diagnosis and prognosis, and the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role during PC progression. Poor prognosis is closely associated with the unsatisfactory results of currently available treatments, which are largely due to the unique pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME).

Methods: In this study, a total of 177 patients with PC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and 65 patients with PC from the GSE62452 cohort in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were included. Based on the proportions of 22 types of infiltrated immune cell subpopulations calculated by cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT), the TME was classified by K-means clustering and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined. A combination of the elbow method and the gap statistic was used to explore the likely number of distinct clusters in the data. The ConsensusClusterPlus package was utilized to identify radiomics clusters, and the samples were divided into two subtypes.

Result: Survival analysis showed that the patients with TMEscore-high phenotype had better prognosis. In addition, the TMEscore-high had better inhibitory effect on the immune checkpoint. A total of 10 miRNAs, 311 DEGs, and 68 methylation sites related to survival were obtained, which could be biomarkers to evaluate the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Conclusions: Therefore, a comprehensive description of TME characteristics of pancreatic cancer can help explain the response of pancreatic cancer to immunotherapy and provide a new strategy for cancer treatment.
A Case Series of Metastatic Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma Treated With Anti-PD-1 Therapy
Authors: Kim Isaac , Rajamanickam Venkatesh , Bernard Brady , Chun Brie , Wu Yaping , Martel Maritza , Sun Zhaoyu , Redmond William L. , Sanchez Katherine , Basho Reva , McArthur Heather , Page David B.
Published: June 2021

Metaplastic breast cancer is a rare and often chemo-refractory subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent studies have reported overexpression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in metaplastic breast cancers, and there are several reports of anti-PD-1/L1 being potentially active in this disease. In this case series, we present 5 patients with metastatic metaplastic breast cancer treated with anti-PD-1-based therapy at a single center, with 3 of 5 cases demonstrating a response to therapy, and one of the responding cases being a metaplastic lobular carcinoma with low-level hormone receptor expression. Cases were evaluated for PD-L1 expression, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), DNA mutations, RNA sequencing, and T-cell receptor sequencing. Duration of the response in these cases was limited, in contrast to the more durable responses noted in other recently published reports.
CT Radiomics Model for Discriminating the Risk Stratification of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Multi-Class Classification and Multi-Center Study
Authors: Chen Zhonghua , Xu Linyi , Zhang Chuanmin , Huang Chencui , Wang Minhong , Feng Zhan , Xiong Yue
Published: June 2021

Objective

To establish and verify a computed tomography (CT)-based multi-class prediction model for discriminating the risk stratification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

Materials and Methods

A total of 381 patients with GISTs were confirmed by surgery and pathology. Information on 213 patients were obtained from one hospital and used as training cohort, whereas the details of 168 patients were collected from two other hospitals and used as independent validation cohort. Regions of interest on CT images of arterial and venous phases were drawn, radiomics features were extracted, and dimensionality reduction processing was performed. Using a one-vs-rest method, a Random Forest-based GISTs risk three-class prediction model was established, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the performance of the multi-class classification model, and the generalization ability was verified using external data.

Results

The training cohort included 96 very low-risk and low-risk, 60 intermediate-risk and 57 high-risk patients. External validation cohort included 82 very low-risk and low-risk, 48 intermediate-risk and 38 high-risk patients. The GISTs risk three-class radiomics model had a macro/micro average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 and an accuracy of 0.78 in the training cohort. It had a stable performance in the external validation cohort, with a macro/micro average AUC of 0.83 and an accuracy of 0.80.

Conclusion

CT radiomics can discriminate GISTs risk stratification. The performance of the three-class radiomics prediction model is good, and its generalization ability has also been verified in the external validation cohort, indicating its potential to assist stratified and accurate treatment of GISTs in the clinic.
NEK2 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Glycolysis by Regulating PKM2 Abundance via Phosphorylation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Zhou Lingna , Ding Liya , Gong Yuqi , Zhao Jing , Zhang Jing , Mao Zhengrong , Wang Zhe , Zhang Wei , Zhou Ren
Published: June 2021

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent and commonly diagnosed subtype of NHL, which is characterized by high heterogeneity and malignancy, and most DLBCL patients are at advanced stages. The serine/threonine kinase NEK2 (NIMA-related kinase 2), a member of NIMA-related kinase (NEK) family that regulates cell cycle, is upregulated in a variety of malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of NEK2 in DLBCL have seldom been discussed. In this study, we identified that NEK2 is upregulated in DLBCL compared to normal lymphoid tissues, and overexpression of NEK2 predicted a worse prognosis of DLBCL patients. Gene set enrichment analysis indicates that NEK2 might participate in regulating glycolysis. Knockdown of NEK2 inhibited growth and glycolysis of DLBCL cells. The interaction between NEK2 and PKM2 was discovered by tandem affinity purification and then was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining, coimmunoprecipitation, and immunoprecipitation. NEK2 bounds to PKM2 and regulates PKM2 abundance via phosphorylation, which increases PKM2 stability. The xenograft tumor model checks the influence of NEK2 on tumor growth in vivo. Thus, NEK2 could be the novel biomarker and target of DLBCL, which remarkably ameliorates the diagnosis and treatment of DLBCL.
Prediction and Verification of the Major Ingredients and Molecular Targets of Tripterygii Radix Against Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ling Yi , Xu Hui , Ren Nina , Chen Changming , Zeng Ping , Lu Daomin , Yao Xueming , Ma Wukai
Published: June 2021

Tripterygii Radix exhibits good clinical efficacy and safety in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but its effective components and mechanism of action are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore and verify the major ingredients and molecular targets of Tripterygii Radix in RA using drug-compounds-biotargets-diseases network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. The processes and pathways were derived from Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The most important compounds and biotargets were determined based on the degree values. RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were separated from RA patients and identified by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry. The purity of RA-FLS was acquired by flow cytometry marked with CD90 or VCAM-1. RA-FLS were subjected to control, dimethyl sulfoxide (control), kaempferol, or lenalidomide treatment. Cell migration was evaluated by the transwell assay. The relative expression of biotarget proteins and cytokines was analyzed by western blotting and flow cytometry. In total, 144 chemical components were identified from Tripterygii Radix; kaempferol was the most active ingredient among 33 other components. Fourteen proteins were found to be affected in RA from 285 common biotargets. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway was predicted to be one of the most latent treatment pathways. Migration of RA-FLS was inhibited and the expression of protein kinase B (AKT1), JUN, caspase 3 (CASP3), TNF receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF-α was significantly affected by kaempferol. Thus, this study confirmed kaempferol as the effective component of Tripterygii Radix against RA-FLS and TNF signaling pathway and its involvement in the regulation of AKT1, JUN, CASP3, TNFR1, TNFR2, IL-6, and TNF-α expression.
Autophagic Inhibition of Caveolin-1 by Compound Phyllanthus urinaria L. Activates Ubiquitination and Proteasome Degradation of β-catenin to Suppress Metastasis of Hepatitis B-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Danping , Yang Bowen , Yao Yaoyao , Liao Mianmian , Zhang Yu , Zeng Yihao , Zhang Fengxue , Wang Neng , Tong Guangdong
Published: June 2021

Compound Phyllanthus urinaria L. (CP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for cancer treatment in the clinic, particularly during progression of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-associated HCC). Nevertheless, its anti-metastatic action and mechanisms are not well elucidated. In this study, CP was found to exert remarkable inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HBV-associated HCC cells. The following network and biological analyses predicted that CP mainly targeted Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) to induce anti-metastatic effects, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway was one of the core mechanisms of CP action against HBV-associated HCC. Further experimental validation implied that Cav-1 overexpression promoted metastasis of HBV-associated HCC by stabilizing β-catenin, while CP administration induced autophagic degradation of Cav-1, activated the Akt/GSK3β-mediated proteasome degradation of β-catenin via ubiquitination activation, and subsequently attenuated the metastasis-promoting effect of Cav-1. In addition, the anti-cancer and anti-metastatic action of CP was further confirmed by in vivo and ex vivo experiments. It was found that CP inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis of HBV-associated HCC in both mice liver cancer xenograft and zebrafish xenotransplantation models. Taken together, our study not only highlights the novel function of CP formula in suppressing metastasis of HBV-associated HCC, but it also addresses the critical role of Cav-1 in mediating Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin axis to control the late-phase of cancer progression.
Case Report: The Association Between Chromosomal Anomalies and Cluster A Personality Disorders: The Case of Two Siblings With 16p11.2 Deletion and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Esposito Cecilia Maria , Enrico Paolo , Sciortino Domenico , Caletti Elisabetta , Marchetti Giulia Bruna , Cesaretti Claudia , Oldani Lucio , Fiorentini Alessio , Brambilla Paolo
Published: June 2021

Although several studies have shown the correlation between chromosomal rearrangements and the risk of developing psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, little attention has been given to identifying the genetic basis of pre-disposing personality so far. In this regard, a limited but significant number of studies seem to indicate an association between chromosomal anomalies and cluster A personality disorders (CAPD). Starting from the clinical description of two brothers affected by familial 16p11 deletion syndrome (OMIM #611913), both sharing cluster A and C personality traits, the aim of the present study is to critically review the literature regarding the correlation between chromosomal rearrangements and CAPD. A bibliographic search on PubMed has been conducted, and eight studies were finally included in our review. Most of the studies highlight the presence of schizotypal personality disorder in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, whose evolutionary course toward psychotic pictures is well-known. One study also identified a paranoid personality disorder in a patient with a deletion on chromosome 7q21.3. No studies have so far identified the presence of paranoid personality disorder in 16p11 deletion, as in the case of the two siblings we report, while its association with psychosis and autism is already known. Although further epidemiologic studies on broader populations are indicated, our observations might pave the way for the definition of new diagnostic subgroups of CAPD and psychotic disorders, in order to implement the clinical management of such complex conditions.
Workforce Readiness Training: A Comprehensive Training Model That Equips Community Health Workers to Work at the Top of Their Practice and Profession
Authors: Lee Lily K. , Ruano Elizabeth , Fernández Pamela , Ortega Silvia , Lucas Carlos , Joachim-Célestin Maud
Published: June 2021

Background: Recent reports have recognized that only 20 percent of health outcomes are attributed to clinical care. Environmental conditions, behaviors, and social determinants of health account for 80 percent of overall health outcomes. With shortages of clinical providers stressing an already burdened healthcare system, Community Health Workers (CHWs) can bridge healthcare gaps by addressing these nonmedical factors influencing health. This paper details how a comprehensive training model equips CHWs for workforce readiness so they can perform at the top of their practice and profession and deliver well-coordinated client/patient-centered care.

Methods: Literature reviews and studies revealed that training CHWs alone is not sufficient for successful workforce readiness, rather CHW integration within the workforce is needed. Consequently, this comprehensive training model is developed for CHWs with varying skill levels and work settings, and supervisors to support organizational readiness and CHW integration efforts. A systematic training program development approach along with detailed implementation methods are presented. Continuing education sessions to support CHW practice and Organizational Readiness Training for supervisors, leadership and team members directly engaged with CHWs in the workplace are also discussed. CHWs were involved in all phases of the research, development, implementation, and actively serve in evaluations and curriculum review committees.

Results: Components of the comprehensive training model are presented with an emphasis on the core CHW training. Two CHW training tracks are offered using three delivery modalities. Process measures with student learning objectives, outcome measures developed using the Kirkpatrick model to capture attitude, perceptions, knowledge acquisition, confidence, behavior, and overall experience, and impact stories by two CHWs are presented. Lessons learned from the implementation of the training program are discussed in three categories: Practice-driven curricula, student-centered training implementation, and adaptations in response to COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion: This comprehensive training model recognizes that training CHWs in a robust training program is key as the demand for well-rounded CHWs increases. Furthermore, a comprehensive training program must include training for supervisors, leadership, and team members working directly with CHWs. Such efforts strengthen the CHW practice and profession to support the delivery of well-coordinated and holistic client/patient-centered care.
First Sequencing of Caprine Mdr1 (Abcb1) mRNA Due to Suspected Neurological Adverse Drug Reaction in a Thuringian Goat Following Extra-Label Use of Doramectin
Authors: Nürnberger Daniela , Müller Simon F. , Hamann Melanie , Geyer Joachim
Published: June 2021

The multidrug resistance gene MDR1 encodes for an efflux transporter called P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In the canine Mdr1 gene, a nonsense mutation was identified in certain dog breeds causing increased drug sensitivity to various P-gp substrates such as antiparasitic macrocyclic lactones. Symptoms of neurologic toxicity include ataxia, depression, salivation, tremor, apparent blindness, and mydriasis. In the current report, a Thuringian goat developed similar neurological signs after treatment with doramectin, a compound from the macrocyclic lactone class. Therefore, Mdr1 might be defective in this individual goat. For diagnostic purposes, sequencing of the complete mRNA transcript coding for caprine Mdr1 was performed to investigate a potential missense mutation. The Mdr1 transcripts of two related goats without drug sensitivity were also sequenced to allow differential diagnosis and were compared to the suspected drug-sensitive goat. The only position where the Mdr1 sequence from the suspected drug-sensitive goat differed was in the 3′-untranslated region, being a heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphism c.3875C>A. It can be suspected that this variant affects the expression level, stability, or translation efficiency of the Mdr1 mRNA transcript and therefore might be associated with the suspected drug sensitivity. To clarify this, further studies are needed, particularly investigating the Mdr1 mRNA and protein expression levels from brain material of affected goats. In conclusion, Mdr1 variants may exist not only in dogs, but also in individual goats. The current report provides the first Mdr1 mRNA transcript sequence of a goat and therefore represents the basis for more detailed Mdr1 sequence and expression analyses.
Friends in Sports: Social Networks in Leisure, School and Social Media
Authors: Dalen Håvard Bergesen , Seippel Ørnulf
Published: June 2021

Young athletes value their social relations in sports, and these social relations can have consequences when it comes to joining, continuing, and quitting sports. Yet the important question of how social relations in sports develop has not yet been adequately answered. Hence, we investigated how athletes’ social relations in sports depend on social relations outside of sports: in leisure, school, and social media. A total of 387 athletes (aged 16–19) from 30 Norwegian sports groups completed a survey on electronic tablets. We asked how social relations in leisure, school, and social media—through the social mechanisms of contact, homophily, and contagion—influenced social relations in sports. We also controlled for the effect of exercise frequency and duration (years) of contact in sports. Exponential random graph modelling (ERGM) analyses showed that first and foremost, relations from social media and leisure, but also school networks and exercise frequency, influence sports networks. This study shows that social relations in sports are diverse and depend on social relations outside sports. We discuss how this has ‘counterintuitive’ consequences for sports participation, particularly the importance of supporting athletes’ social relations outside of sports for the strengthening of social relations within sports when addressing challenges concerning recruitment, continuation, and dropout from sports.
Solvency Regulation—An Assessment of Basel III for Banks and of Planned Solvency III for Insurers
Authors: Zweifel Peter
Published: June 2021

Basel III, regulating the solvency of banks, is to be fully implemented by 2027 while Solvency III directed at insurers is being prepared. In view of past experience, it will be closely modelled after Basel III. This raises two questions. (i) Will Basel III and Solvency III be more successful than their predecessors? (ii) Is it appropriate to continue regulating the solvency of banks and insurers in the same way? The first question is motivated by an earlier finding that Basel I and II risked inducing more rather than less risk-taking by banks, which also holds for Solvency I and II w.r.t. insurers. The methodology applied was to determine the slope of an endogenous perceived efficiency frontier (EPEF) in (μ^,σ^)-space derived from banks’ and insurers’ optimal adjustment to exogenous changes, in expected returns dμ¯ and volatility dσ¯ on the capital market. Both Basel I and II and Solvency I and II neglected the impact of these developments on banks’ and insurers’ EPEF. This neglect had the effect of steepening the EPEF, causing senior management to opt for an increased rather than reduced value of σ^, and hence a lower solvency level. This issue is resolved by Basel III (Principle 5), which requires banks to take developments in the capital market into account in the formulation of their business strategies designed to ensure solvency. In combination with increased capital requirements, this is shown to result in a reduced slope of their EPEF and hence a reduced risk exposure. However, planned Solvency III may cause the EPEF of highly capitalized insurance companies to become steeper, with a concomitant decrease in their risk-taking and an increase of their solvency level. The second question, concerning the appropriateness of the uniformity of solvency regulation directed at banks and insurers, arises because the parameters determining the slope of the respective EPEF are found to crucially differ. Therefore, the uniformity of Basel and Solvency norms creates the risk of a mistaken regulatory focus.
The new Central bank three-year plan in the context of the main problems of the Russian economy (on the draft «Main directions of the unified state monetary policy for 2021 and the period 2022–2023» of the Bank of Russia)
Authors: Ershov Mikhail , Tanasova Anna
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analysis of the draft «Main directions of the unified state monetary policy for 2021 and for the period 2022–2023» of the Bank of Russia, aimed at finding out whether the designed monetary policy will contribute to solving the main problems of the Russian economy. Leaning towards a generally negative answer to this question, the authors of the article, firstly, establish that some of these problems, including problems whose solution falls within the direct competence of the Bank of Russia, and which, accordingly, fall within the subject area of the regulatory instruments available to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, are clearly insufficiently worked out in the document or, worse, only simply indicated. Unfortunately, this also applies to the key reproduction tasks associated with ensuring rapid, sustainable and high-quality economic growth. Secondly, they fix the year that began in March 2021 new round of increase in the key rate of the Bank of Russia. Third, they emphasize the fact of the negative synergy of the Bank of Russia’s tight monetary policy and the Russian Ministry of Finance’s tight budget policy, designed for the period up to 2023. The article substantiates the need for a coordinated approach of financial regulators and agencies to solve the problems of overcoming the crisis and stimulating economic growth.
Qadzaf Dalam Perspektif Hadits
Authors: Gunawan Heru
Published: June 2021

Metode ijmali merupakan metode menjelaskan hadits dengan sistematika tersusun sesuai urutan yang terdapat pada kitab yang dijelaskan secara ringkas, dan secara global. Pada intinya, ijmali merupakan suatu metode menjelaskan secara global tidak bertele-tele namun terkadang ada juga pembahasan yang detail agar makna dalam hadits bisa tersampaikan dengan baik. Hadits yang penulis jelaskan merupakan hadits yang membahas mengenai 7 dosa besar di sisi Allah. Dosa-dosa itu antara lain, menyekutukan Allah, sihir, membunuh jiwa yang diharamkan oleh Allah kecuali yang mempunyai hak, memakan harta riba, memakan harta anak yatim, lari dari medan perang, dan menuduh berzina terhadap seorang perempuan mukmin yang menjaga kehormatannya. Fokus pembahasan kelompok penulis adalah pada menuduh perempuan yang beriman berzina atau qadzaf, dalam hadits ini sudah jelas bahwa tuduhan zina kepada perempuan yang beriman dan menjaga kehormatannya merupakan suatu dosa besar dan diharamkan, hukuman bagi pelaku qadzf ini adalah dera 80 kali.
Ekonomi Dalam Kajian Al-Qur'an
Authors: Muhazir Muhazir
Published: June 2021

Economics in general is knowledge and investigation of the principles of property in Islam, distribution, and the use of goods and wealth in the context of the Quran. The study of assets in the Economy is a human desire in an effort to fulfill their needs. In this paper, we will discuss the analysis of Quran in chapter Al-Furqan verse 67 which intersects directly with the verse on economics, especially economically in the distribution of assets and the method used in this paper is the Maudu'i. This research is a literature review (library research) with primary data in the form of QS. Al-Furqan Verse 67, the approach used is the hermeneutic approach by examining the words contained in the verse. The results showed that there was a correlation between extravagant and vicious characteristics, because extravagant nature tends not to be able to control the property acquired proportionally which is able to lead to extravagant.
Reseña de: Iñigo Carrera, Nicolás, Estrategias de la clase obrera en los orígenes del peronismo. Buenos Aires: EUDEM y Grupo Editor Universitario, 2019, 138 páginas.
Authors: Basualdo Victoria
Published: June 2021

Este libro, publicado en 2019 en el marco de la Colección “La Argentina Peronista: política, sindicalismo, cultura”, está escrito en diálogo explícito con dos obras previas del autor: La estrategia de la clase obrera, 1936, publicada en el año 2000, y La otra estrategia. La voluntad revolucionaria (1930-1935), publicada en 2016, libros elaborados en el marco de la pertenencia de Iñigo Carrera al Programa de Investigación sobre el Movimiento de la Sociedad Argentina (PIMSA). Estrategias de la clase obrera en los orígenes del peronismo concentra su análisis en el período desde 1943 a 1946, etapa en la que considera que “se gestó en la Argentina un profundo cambio en las relaciones de fuerza políticas, con el surgimiento del peronismo.” Enfatizando la importancia de marcar tanto rupturas como continuidades, se propone analizar el surgimiento del peronismo como un “momento de la historia de la clase obrera argentina, un momento en el proceso de su constitución como clase social.”
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI TEORI APOS PADA SISWA KELAS VIIC MTs HUSNUL KHATIMAH
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah , Tampani Yolinika , Pindi Muh Izabi Alis
Published: June 2021

This research is a classroom action research (CAR) which aims to find out the improvement of mathematics learning outcomes through the theory of apos learning in class VIIc students of MTs Husnul Khatimah. The subjects of this study were the students of class VIIc MTs husnul khatimah, totaling 21 students. This research was conducted in two cycles. The work procedure of each research cycle takes four stages, namely (1) planning, (2) implementing actions, (3) observation, (4)reflection. Data collection is done by providing test results of learning and observation trough observation sheets. Data collected were analyzed by quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the study concluded that mathematics learning outcomes have increased trough the theory of apos learning class VIIc students MTs Husnul Khatimah. This is shown by : (1) the increase in the average score of students mathematics learning outcomes is 76,35 in cycle 1 to 86,06 in cycle II; (2) the increase in the percentage of students who complete learning is 71,42% in cycle 1 to 95,23% in cycle 2: and (3) the increase in student activities that are in accordance with learning from cycle 1 to cycle 2 while student activities that are not in line with learning are decreasing.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPATUHAN PENGOBATAN PENDERITA HIPERTENSI USIA PRODUKTIF DI DESA KARANGSONO KECAMATAN BARAT KABUPATEN MAGETAN
Authors: Mawanti Dara Aprilia Aurilita , Marsanti Avicena Sakufa , Ardiani Hanifah
Published: June 2021

In 2018, Karangsono Village is village with the highest number of medication incompliance by hypertension patients at productive age reaching 70,7% compared to other 8 villages in Tebon Health Center working area. This research for to analyze factors affecting the medication compliance of hypertension patients at productive age and factor which affects the medication compliance the most. This research was done through case control design with the research samples included 58 chosen using simple random sampling. The data was then analyzed using chi-square statistical test and logistic regression statistic.Results : Through the analysis using logistic regression test, it shows that the factors affecting the medication compliance by the hypertension patients at productive age in Karangsono Village, Barat Sub-District were working status (p=0.000), family support (p=0.001), and the length of time of the hypertension suffering (p=0.016).Conclusion : Among those factors, working status is the factor which affects the medication compliance the most (p=0.000; Exp(B)=9.9; 95%CI=2.379-36.505). The hypertension medication compliance therapy needs to be improved by providing drug hypertension card independently, while for the patients who can visit the public health center, they were suggested to join the posbindu.
DESAIN KELEMBAGAAN DALAM KOLABORASI PENCEGAHAN KEMATIAN IBU SAAT PERSALINAN
Authors: Andriani Rininta , Islamy La Ode Syaiful
Published: June 2021

Efforts to prevent maternal death during childbirth have become a serious concern of the government and society. Many factors cause maternal death; one of the factors is the lack of access to good services for maternal health, especially the punctuality of emergencies caused by being late in making decisions to get treatment, the second is late arriving at health facilities, and the third is late in getting adequate and appropriate treatment. The efforts to prevent maternal death during childbirth can be made by collaborating to design institution collaborative of maternal death prevention at first. The purpose of this research was to describe the collaborative institution design of maternal death prevention during childbirth in South Buton Regency using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, data collected through observation, interviews, and document study and analyzed with the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The result showed that in designing the institution, this could be seen from society's large participation based on equality and sharing of understanding from the collaborative actors. The establishment of a limited forum resulted from discussions carried out, which was legitimated in terms of basic rules of collaboration supporter that combined between customary regulations and customs of ancestors and applicable statutory regulations.
Efficient use of electric energy in homes through multi-agent systems, case study Monterrey N.L., Mexico
Authors: Ramos-Nolzaco Jesús Alejandro , Silva-Avila Alicia Elena , Castorena-Peña Jesús Abraham , Brenda-Pinero Ramón Felipe
Published: June 2021

This article presents an experimental research whose objective is to verify through experimentation if the systems for air conditioning and lighting homes based on the use of Multi- Agent Systems (MAS) are more efficient than traditional systems in terms of perceived environmental comfort. by people and the electricity cost generated. The proposed methodology involved the development of a housing simulator, the definition of the “environmental comfort” variable, the description of the evaluated lighting and air conditioning systems, and the definition of the proposed experiments based on independent variables that could impact on the performance of the aforementioned systems. Based on the data obtained when conducting the experiments and taking the homes in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area as a case study, it could be observed that the use of MAS is a very good alternative to reduce the consumption of electrical energy in homes taking care of not sacrificing people's comfort, thus helping to reduce the ecological impact generated by electricity generation.
PENGARUH DIGITAL MARKETING DAN BRAND AWARENESS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA TOKOPEDIA DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Naruliza Esty , Suseno Rico
Published: June 2021

Along with the development of the era, which is supported by the development of increasingly sophisticated technology, it has an impact on increasingly fierce business competition. Various efforts have been made by the company in order to have a strong traction stuck in the minds of consumers. The strategy used to introduce a brand is to use digital marketing. The higher the level of brand awareness (brand awareness), the more inherent a brand will be in the minds of consumers, so the more likely the brand will be chosen by consumers. In this study, the object is Tokopedia's consumers in the city of Palembang.  The sampling method uses accidental sampling.  The data used are primary data by distributing questionnaires directly to Tokopedia application users in the city of Palembang.  The number of samples used was 272 respondents.  The test was carried out in three stages, namely validity, reliability, classical assumption and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that digital marketing and brand awareness together have a positive effect on purchasing decisions of Tokopedia consumers in Palembang, this can be seen from the results of the multiple regression test Y = 18,950 + 0.556 X1 + 0.28 X2 + e.  When viewed from the coefficient of determination (R2) of 34.9%, purchasing decisions can be explained by digital marketing and brand awareness. Meanwhile, 65.1% was influenced by other variables not examined in this study, such as discounts, hsrgs, availability of goods and others.
El dispositivo de poder/saber prácticas del lenguaje en las voces de los formadores de docentes para la educación primaria
Authors:   , Oviedo María Inés
Published: June 2021

La presente tesis aborda las prácticas de enseñanza de los formadores de profesores de educación primaria en la provincia de Buenos Aires, en particular, en los Institutos Superiores de Formación Docente (ISFD). El interés se centra en comprender qué sentidos ponen en juego los profesores de Letras -y titulaciones afines- que se encuentran a cargo de espacios vinculados con la disciplina escolar lengua y literatura y sus reconfiguraciones actuales en lectura y escritura (Cuesta, 2011, 2019) en la formación inicial de profesores para la educación primaria, entendiendo que allí ponen en juego una serie de negociaciones entre la prescripción curricular y sus saberes docentes. A través de nuestro trabajo de campo. en el que cobra particular relevancia las entrevistas en profundidad a 18 formadores de la provincia de Buenos Aires, arribamos a la comprensión de la existencia del dispositivo de poder/saber prácticas del lenguaje. En ese sentido, resultan de nuestro interés las conceptualizaciones en torno al currículum, más allá de que nuestro objeto de estudio, de manera particular, recorta de la prescripción en el área históricamente destinada a la enseñanza de la lengua y la literatura. En ese sentido, recuperamos la formulación que del currículum realiza Alicia de Alba en el año 2012 como un dispositivo de poder/saber porque nos permite observar la articulación de prácticas sociales significativas que dan lugar a una construcción de hegemonía discursiva (Angenot, 2010) en la que algunos significados prevalecen sobre otros. Se trata de una hegemonía posible precisamente por la puesta en marcha del dispositivo con su propio régimen de verdad en términos de Foucault (1992; 1994). En ese sentido, resultan indispensables para el recorte operado las aportaciones teóricas del Análisis Político del Discurso (APD) ya que nos provee de una serie de categorías que permiten abordar la articulación que hace posible esa hegemonía discursiva, esto es, la presencia de elementos/momentos que resultan diferentes y equivalentes frente a un exterior constitutivo, la contingencia e inestabilidad de esa hegemonía y la interpelación que conlleva a la asunción de determinadas posiciones de sujeto por parte de los formadores (Laclau y Mouffe, 2004 [1985]; Laclau, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2015). De esta manera, concebimos también la agencialidad de los formadores que son considerados en esta tesis como sujetos del desarrollo curricular (de Alba, 1991).
The Position Of The Bank Indonesia As The Lender Of Last Resort After The Enactment Of Law No. 9 Of 2016 On Prevention And Mitigation Of Financial System Crisis
Authors: Christiani Theresia Anita
Published: June 2021

Objective - This paper explores the role of the Indonesian Central Bank as the Lender of the Last Resort.

Methodology/Technique - This research uses normative juridical research and secondary data.

Findings - The results indicate that the Bank of Indonesian, in coordination with the Financial Services Authority, still has the authority to grant short-term loans for banks with liquidity issues. Nevertheless, the Bank of Indonesia does not have authority to provide emergency finance facilities where the funding is granted at the government's expense.

Novelty - This paper uses normative juridical research and qualitative data analysis.

Type of Paper - Review.

Keywords: Authority, Bank, Crises, Position, Prevention, Indonesia.

JEL Classification: K10, K20.
Paraphrasing in English Academic Writing by Thai Graduate Students
Authors: Pinjaroenpan Buaboun , Danvivath Uthaivan
Published: June 2021

Objective - The primary objective of this study is to investigate the use of paraphrasing in writing, as practiced by graduate students who are majoring in English Language at a university in Thailand.

Methodology/Technique - The research data was collected from multiple sources including a questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews, and students' written assignments. The participants were graduate students majoring in English at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, at Khon Kaen University. Students' paraphrased texts were analysed using a coding scheme adapted from Campbell (1987), Keck (2006), and Shi (2004). The coding scheme focuses on textual transformation, which has been further analysed for retaining the original meaning of the paraphrased text.

Findings - The results reveal that, generally, students had a sound appreciation and understanding of paraphrasing and plagiarism at a conceptual level. However, the students made clear errors when required to paraphrase. In many cases, their lack of skill and knowledge led to instances of plagiarism in a significant number of respondents. In conclusion, greater attention should be given to educating graduate students how to paraphrase, to reduce plagiarism as well as to improve the standard of academic writing. The findings of this study provide beneficial knowledge concerning the practice of paraphrasing by graduate students' in Thailand; this understanding may foster improved paraphrasing standards among students.

Novelty – This study is specifically concerned with the examination of perception, knowledge, and paraphrasing typology of students' English within a foreign language context.

Type of Paper - Empirical

Keywords: Academic Writing; English as a Foreign Language; Graduate Students; Paraphrasing; Plagiarism.

JEL Classification: I20, I21.