bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Effects of Dual‐Doping with Ni and Ru in Monolayer VS2 Nanosheet: Unleashing Enhanced Performance for Acidic HER through Defects and Strain
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Chen Qian , Liu Xinzheng , Hu Yubin , Cao Lixin , Dong Bohua
Published: February 2024

Amidst the escalating quest for clean energy, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic conditions has taken center stage, catalyzing the search for advanced electrocatalysts. The efficacy of these materials is predominantly dictated by the active site density on their surfaces. The propensity is leveraged for monolayer architectures to introduce defects, enhancing surface area, and increasing active sites. Doping enhances defects and fine‐tunes catalyst activity. In this vein, defect‐enriched monolayer nanosheets doped with nickel and a trace amount of ruthenium in VS2 (SL‐Ni‐Ru‐VS2) are engineered and characterized. Evaluation in 0.5 m H2SO4 solution unveils that the catalyst achieves overpotentials as low as 20 and 41 mV at current densities of ‐10 and ‐100 mA cm⁻2. Impressively, the catalyst maintains a mass activity of 13.08 A mg⁻¹Ru, even with minimal Ru incorporation, indicating exceptional catalytic efficiency. This monolayer catalyst sustains its high activity at lower overpotentials, demonstrating its practical applicability. The comprehensive analysis, which combines experimental data and computational simulations, indicates that the co‐doping of Ni and Ru enhances the electrocatalytic properties of VS2. This research offers a strategic framework for crafting cutting‐edge electrocatalysts specifically designed for enhanced performance in the HER.
Carbon Dots: A Bright Future as Anticounterfeiting Encoding Agents
Authors: Simões Raul , Rodrigues Joana , Neto Victor , Monteiro Teresa , Gonçalves Gil
Published: February 2024

Counterfeit products and data vulnerability present significant challenges in contemporary society. Hence, various methods and technologies are explored for anticounterfeiting encoding, with luminescent tracers, particularly luminescent carbon dots (CDs), emerging as a notable solution. CDs offer promising contributions to product security, environmental sustainability, and the circular economy. This critical review aims to highlight the luminescence responsiveness of CDs to physical and chemical stimuli, achieved through nanoengineering their chemical structure. The discussion will delve into the various tunable luminescence mechanisms and decay times of CDs, investigating preferential excitations such as up‐conversion, delayed fluorescence, fluorescence, room temperature phosphorescence, persistent luminescence, energy and charge transfer, as well as photo‐chemical interactions. These insights are crucial for advancing anticounterfeiting solutions. Following this exploration, a systematic review will focus on the research of luminescent CDs' smart encoding applications, encompassing anticounterfeiting, product tracing, quality certification, and information encryption. Finally, the review will address key challenges in implementing CDs‐based technology, providing specific insights into strategies aimed at maximizing their stability and efficacy in anticounterfeiting encoding applications.
Non‐Covalent Interaction Enhancement on Active/Interfacial Layers via Two‐Dimensional Vermiculite Doping for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ding Xu , Ding Yu‐Feng , Huang Chenhui , Li Yuehao , Zhang Meng , Zhu Chunguang , Li Zhenye
Published: February 2024

Interface modification plays an important role in improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the low non‐covalent interaction between the cathode interface layer (CIL) and nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) directly affects the charge collection of OSCs. Here, the non‐covalent interaction between the CIL and NFA is enhanced by introducing the 2D vermiculite (VML) in the poly(9,9‐bis(3′‐(N,N‐dimethyl)‐Nethylammonium‐propyl‐2,7‐fluorene)‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)) dibromide (PFN‐Br) interface layer to form an efficient electron transport channel. As a result, the electron extraction efficiency from the active layer to the CIL is increased, and the PCE of OSCs based on PBDB‐T:ITIC is boosted from 10.87% to 12.89%. In addition, the strategy of CIL doping VML is proven to be universal in different CIL materials, for which the PCE is boosted from 10.21% to 11.57% for OSCs based on PDINN and from 9.82% to 11.27% for OSCs based on PNDIT‐F3N. The results provide a viable option for designing efficient CIL for high‐performance non‐fullerene OSCs, which may promote the commercialization of OSCs.
A Novel Non‐Fullerene D‐A Interface with Two Asymmetrical Electron Acceptors Facilitates Charge and Energy Transfer for Effective Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Zhang Shiming , Hou Yanping , Zhang Libin , Zhu Hongxiang , Xiong Jianhua , Wang Shuangfei , Liu Tao
Published: February 2024

Converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into high‐value chemicals using solar energy remains a formidable challenge. In this study, the CSC@PM6:IDT6CN‐M:IDT8CN‐M non‐fullerene small‐molecule organic semiconductor is designed with highly efficient electron donor‐acceptor (D‐A) interface for photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Atomic Force Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope images confirmed the formation of an interpenetrating fibrillar network after combination of donor and acceptor. The CO yield from the CSC@PM6:IDT6CN‐M:IDT8CN‐M reached 1346 µmol g−1 h−1, surpassing those of numerous reported inorganic photocatalysts. The D‐A structure effectively facilitated charge separation to enable electrons transfer from the PM6 to IDT6CN‐M:IDT8CN‐M. Meanwhile, attributing to the dipole moments of the strong intermolecular interactions between IDT6CN‐M and IDT8CN‐M, the intermolecular forces are enhanced, and laminar stacking and π‐π stacking are strengthened, thereby reinforcing energy transfer between acceptor molecules and significantly enhanced charge separation. Moreover, the strong internal electric field in the D‐A interface enhanced the excited state lifetime of PM6:IDT6CN‐M:IDT8CN‐M. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis demonstrated that carboxylate (COOH*) is the predominant intermediate during CO2 reduction, and possible pathways of CO2 reduction to CO are deduced. This study presents a novel approach for designing materials with D‐A interface to achieve high photocatalytic activity.
Revealing the Dynamic Lithiation Process of Copper Disulfide by in Situ TEM
Authors: Hu Yubing , Hu Sibo , Ren Qingye , Qiu Yuxin , Zhang Lifeng , Luo Langli
Published: February 2024

Transition metal oxides, fluorides, and sulfides are extensively studied as candidate electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries driven by the urgency of developing next‐generation higher energy density lithium batteries. These conversion‐type electrode materials often require nanosized active materials to enable a “smooth” lithiation and de‐lithiation process during charge/discharge cycles, determined by their size, structure, and phase. Herein, the structural and chemical changes of Copper Disulfide (CuS2) hollow nanoparticles during the lithiation process through an in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method are investigated. The study finds the hollow structure of CuS2 facilitates the quick formation of fluidic Li2S “drops,” accompanied by a de‐sulfurization to the Cu7S4 phase. Meanwhile, the metallic Cu phase emerges as fine nanoparticles and grows into nano‐strips, which are embedded in the Li2S/Cu7S4 matrix. These complex nanostructured phases and their spatial distribution can lead to a low de‐lithiation barrier, enabling fast reaction kinetics.
Unlatching the Additional Zinc Storage Ability of Vanadium Nitride Nanocrystallites
Authors: Yao Xincheng , Khanam Zeba , Li Chenglin , Koroma Malcolm , Ouyang Ting , Hu Yu‐wen , Shen Ke , Balogun M.‐Sadeeq
Published: February 2024

Vanadium‐based materials, due to their diverse valence states and open‐framework lattice, are promising cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), but encounters the major challenges of in situ electrochemical activation process, potent polarity of the aqueous electrolyte and periodic expansion/contraction for efficient Zn2+ storage. Herein, architecting vanadium nitride (VN) nanosheets over titanium‐based hollow nanoarrays skeletal host (denoted VNTONC) can simultaneously modulate address those challenges by creating multiple interfaces and maintaining the (1 1 1) phase of VN, which optimizes the Zn2+ storage and the stability of VN. Benefiting from the modulated crystalline thermodynamics during the electrochemical activation of VN, two outcomes are achieved; I) the cathode transforms into a nanocrystalline structure with increased active sites and higher conductivity and; II) a significant portion of the (1 1 1) crystal facets is retained in the process leading to the additional Zn2+ storage capacity. As a result, the as‐prepared VNTONC electrode demonstrates remarkable discharge capacities of 802.5 and 331.8 mAh g−1 @ 0.5 and 6.0 A g−1, respectively, due to the enhanced kinetics as validated by theoretical calculations. The assembled VNTONC||Zn flexible ZIB demonstrates excellent Zn storage properties up to 405.6 mAh g−1, and remarkable robustness against extreme operating conditions.
An assessment of heterogenous ensemble classifiers for analyzing change‐proneness in open‐source software systems
Authors: Khanna Megha , Bansal Ankita
Published: February 2024

Software managers constantly look out for methods that ensure cost effective development of good quality software products. An important means of accomplishing this is by allocating more resources to weak classes of a software product, which are prone to changes. Therefore, correct prediction of these change‐prone classes is critical. Though various researchers have investigated the performance of several algorithms for identifying them, the search for an optimum classifier still persists. To this end, this study critically investigates the use of six Heterogenous Ensemble Classifiers (HEC) for Software Change Prediction (SCP) by empirically validating datasets obtained from 12 open‐source software systems. The results of the study are statistically assessed using three robust performance indicators (AUC, F‐measure and Mathew Correlation Coefficient) in two different validation scenarios (within project and cross‐project). They indicate the superiority of Average Probability Voting Ensemble, a heterogenous classifier for determining change‐proneness in the investigated systems. The average AUC values of software change prediction models developed using this ensemble classifier exhibited an improvement of 3%‐9% and 3%‐11% respectively when compared with its base learners and homogeneous counter parts. Similar observations were inferred using other investigated performance measures. Furthermore, the evidence obtained from the results suggests that the change in number of base learners or type of meta‐learner does not exhibit significant change in the performance of corresponding heterogenous ensemble classifiers.
Stability Challenges for a Highly Efficient Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cell: A Review
Authors: Hasan Syed Azkar Ul , Zahid Muhammad Aleem , Park Sangheon , Yi Junsin
Published: February 2024

As the balance of system cost of photovoltaic (PV) installations governs the competitiveness of PV device market, next‐generation solar cells desire substantially enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The single‐junction perovskite and Si solar cells have demonstrated PCEs beyond 26% and 25%, respectively. The tandem configuration has crossed the threshold posed by the shockley queisser limit by demonstrating the 33.9% PCE. However, the unresolved issues in the perovskite community from a stability perspective pose challenges for realizing highly efficient and stable perovskite–Si tandem solar cells (TSCs). This review highlights the current status of perovskite–Si TSC from a stability perspective besides elucidating the degradation mechanisms at the perovskite–Si at the cell and module level. A highly efficient perovskite–Si TSC needs optimization keeping view the specific requirements for tandem configuration like strain, current matching, and bandgap optimization between the top perovskite and bottom Si subcell. Various stressors affecting the efficiency of the perovskite–Si module, namely, reverse bias and hot spot formation, and delamination, highlight valuable insight to develop future strategies for the perovskite–Si TSC. Stability regimes for the single‐junction perovskite solar cell can provide the essential stepping stone but, modified stability regimes are inevitable.
Manipulating the Intrinsic Defect of MnS by Surface Sulfidation for Inverted Sb2(S,Se)3 Planar‐Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Junjie , Wang Haolin , Che Bo , Huang Lei , Gao Jinxiang , Cai Zhiyuan , Zhu Changfei , Tang Rongfeng , Chen Tao
Published: February 2024

For the emerging Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells, most high‐efficiency devices employ a standard structure based on the heterojunction of weak n‐type Sb2(S,Se)3 and heavily n‐doped cadmium sulfide (CdS), and the sunlight is incident from the n‐type CdS side in either superstrate or substrate structure. The weak carrier extraction ability of the n–n heterojunction as well as the parasitic absorption and toxicity from CdS further limit the efficiency improvement and practical applications. Herein, for the first time, a strategy of treating manganese sulfide (MnS) with thioacetamide to enhance its p‐type conductivity is demonstrated, and a solar cell with inverted structure is constructed by forming a heterojunction with n‐type Sb2(S,Se)3. This inverted structure well overcomes the light absorption loss and toxicity elements in the standard structure. This post‐treatment effectively passivates the sulfur vacancy defects of MnS and in turn enables greater band bending in the heterojunctions for suppressed nonradiative recombination. Ultimately, the hole extraction ability of MnS shows essential improvement and enables a power conversion efficiency of 5.22% for the inverted Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cell. This study provides a proof‐of‐concept device structure for the preparation of high‐efficiency Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells and offers new perspectives to achieve effective intrinsic doping of metal chalcogenides.
Effect of Cooling Conditions on the Size and Morphology Evolution of MgAl2O4 Inclusions in Al‐Deoxidized Steel Coupling with Mg Treatment
Authors: Xiao Yuanyou , Cao Lei , Wang Guocheng , Zang Ximin , Lei Hong , Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Daxian
Published: February 2024

The experiment of Al‐deoxidized steel coupling with Mg treatment is conducted under three cooling methods to observe the size and morphology of MgAl2O4. Most of MgAl2O4 in the water‐cooled steel are sphere or ellipsoid‐like shape, in the furnace‐cooled steel are cubic or octahedral‐like shape, and in the air‐cooled steel are irregular shape. The quantity of inclusions in the size of 1–3 μm increases with the increasing cooling rate, whereas the quantity of the other size decreases with the increasing cooling rate. The result shows that the changing of cooling methods has little effect on the critical size and the nucleation rate of MgAl2O4. The growth of MgAl2O4 is effected by diffusion, Ostwald, and collision growth, and the increasing cooling rate leads to the decreasing growth time. The size of MgAl2O4 is decided by the diffusion of Mg and the growth time of MgAl2O4. Four possible morphological transformation paths of MgAl2O4 in steel are found, and the shape of MgAl2O4 can evolve from sphere or ellipsoid to octahedron via truncated octahedron or cubic‐like shape. The final morphology of MgAl2O4 is controlled by the transformation path which has a close relationship with the cooling rate.
Numerical analysis on flat slabs with openings and SHEAR reinforcement
Authors: Costa Sara R. , Pereira Tainá F. , Ruas Simone R. C. , Liberati Elyson A. P. , Marques Marília G.
Published: February 2024

The present study aims to parameterize the numerical models of flat slabs based on five experimental prototypes developed previously. The analyzed slabs had dimensions of 1800 mm × 1800 mm and a thickness of 130 mm. Two slabs did not have openings, and three slabs had stud‐type shear reinforcement. Subsequently, five new slab models were selected with position variations and several openings, with a fixed diameter of 75 mm and without shear reinforcement. After calibration of the models, the following results were obtained: the numerical rupture load approached at least 90% of the experimental rupture load, and the rupture modes and cracking patterns were similar to those observed in the experimental models. When it is impossible to move the column openings vertically, it is more beneficial to position them at the corners of the column rather than close to the same face of the column. Thus, it was possible to numerically analyze the effects of the position and number of openings in flat slabs.
Seismic performance of a frame‐supported shear wall over‐track building through shaking table test
Authors: Zhou Ying , Chen Qidong , Wu Hao , Wen Hongchang , Nong Xingzhong , Wu Yongsheng , Xiao Peng
Published: February 2024

This research deals with a frame‐supported shear wall for urban over‐track building of vehicle depot in Chisha, Guangzhou, China, which is characterized by its remarkable height of 160.8 m. Technical issues are commonly encountered in these kinds of buildings due to discontinuous vertical structural rigidity, large podium, and structural transition. These challenges significantly impact the engineering process, especially when the rigidity difference between transfer story exceeding the threefold, as well as the building height exceeds limit as in code. In this paper, a shaking table test was developed based on a 1:10 scaled model of the structure. Using similarity theory, the dynamic similarity relationship was established for the design of the model. Subsequently, the experimental model was constructed with the configuration of critical parameters such as mass design, sensor placement, and seismic test conditions. This was followed by in‐depth analysis, recording component failures and investigating key aspects such as dynamic characteristics, that is, acceleration and displacement responses and shear force distribution under different earthquake intensities. A theoretical seismic response of the prototype structure was derived from the test results. The shaking table tests confirmed that the structure met the stringent seismic design requirements as prescribed in the Chinese standards, with no damage under minor earthquakes, repairability under moderate earthquakes, and collapse prevention under rare earthquakes. The results of the study provide valuable insights along with improvement measures for the design and development of similar urban over‐track buildings, potentially contributing to more efficient land use in urban China.
Modal identification with uncertainty quantification of large‐scale civil structures via a hybrid operation modal analysis framework
Authors: Sun Mengmeng , Li Qiusheng
Published: February 2024

In operational modal analysis (OMA), only structural responses are typically available. In this context, bias and variance (uncertainty) errors may exist in modal estimates (especially damping estimates), resulting in inaccurate determination of the modal properties of large‐scale structures under harsh excitations. To this end, a hybrid OMA framework based on the modal decoupling, the natural excitation technique, the random decrement technique (RDT), and improved eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) with the automated stabilization diagram is presented to perform high‐accuracy modal estimates with uncertainty quantification for large‐scale structures under normal and severe ambient excitations. The accuracy and effectiveness of the hybrid framework for identifying the modal parameters are validated by numerical simulation study of a framework structural model. Furthermore, the hybrid framework is applied to analyze recorded acceleration responses of a supertall building with 600‐m height under normal excitations and typhoon condition to verify its applicability in field measurements. The numerical simulation and field measurement studies demonstrate that the hybrid framework can not only perform precise modal estimations with uncertainty quantification through a single ambient vibration measurement but also effectively reveal the variations of modal properties of supertall structures under harsh excitations from multiple perspectives. This paper aims to enhance the reliability and accuracy of modal estimation for engineering structures and further provide insight into the variations of dynamic properties of large‐scale civil structures under severe excitations.
The risk of developing splanchnic vein thrombosis in acute pancreatitis increases 3 days after symptom onset: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Borbély Ruben Zsolt , Szalai Eszter Ágnes , Philip Bryan Mangalath , Dobszai Dalma , Teutsch Brigitta , Zolcsák Ádám , Veres Dániel Sándor , Erőss Bálint , Gellért Bálint , Hegyi Péter Jenő , Hegyi Péter , Faluhelyi Nándor
Published: February 2024

Background

Splanchnic vein thrombosis is a complication of acute pancreatitis (AP) and is likely often underdiagnosed.

Objectives

We aimed to understand the time course and risk factors of splanchnic vein thrombosis in the early phase of AP.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration CRD42022367578). Inclusion criteria were appropriate imaging techniques in adult AP patients, studies that reported splanchnic vein thrombosis data from the early phase, and reliable information on the timing of imaging in relation to the onset of pancreatitis symptoms or hospital admission. The proportion of patients with thrombosis with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated using random‐effects meta‐analyses, and multiple subgroup analyses were performed.

Results

Data from 1951 patients from 14 studies were analyzed. The proportion of patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis within 12 days after symptom onset was 0.13 (CI 0.07–0.23). The occurrence was lowest at 0.06 (CI 0.03–0.1) between 0 and 3 days after symptom onset, and increased fourfold to 0.23 (CI 0.16–0.31) between 3 and 11 days. On hospital admission, the proportion of patients affected was 0.12 (CI 0.02–0.49); it was 0.17 (CI 0.03–0.58) 1–5 days after admission. The prevalence in mild, moderate, and severe AP was 0.15 (CI 0.05–0.36), 0.26 (CI 0.15–0.43), and 0.27 (CI 0.17–0.4), respectively. Alcoholic etiology (0.31, CI 0.13–0.58) and pancreatic necrosis (0.55, CI 0.29–0.78, necrosis above 30%) correlated with increased SVT prevalence.

Conclusion

The risk of developing splanchnic vein thrombosis is significant in the early stages of AP and may affect up to a quarter of patients. Alcoholic etiology, pancreatic necrosis, and severity may increase the prevalence of splanchnic vein thrombosis.
Strain/pressure sensors utilizing advanced nanomaterials
Authors: Nhiem Ly Tan , Oanh Doan Thi Yen , Hieu Nguyen Huu
Published: February 2024

In this study, the fabrication techniques employed for strain/pressure sensors are covered, highlighting advancements in materials and manufacturing processes. It discusses the use of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and graphene to enhance the sensitivity and durability of strain/pressure sensors. Various fabrication methods, including printing, thin‐film deposition, and microelectromechanical systems technologies, are discussed, emphasizing their superiority for strain/pressure sensing applications.
The use of decorated titanium oxide nanoparticles for the development of handmade textile heritage in Egyptian villages: Design, mechanical, flammability, and antibacterial properties
Authors: Moustafa Hesham , Fawzy Ibrahim Saher , Ahmed Emad M. , Atef Heba
Published: February 2024

Improving eco‐friendly coating‐based materials for wool artifacts, such as kilim fabric can inspire new‐fashion design avenues for conserving ancient cultural heritage. Thus, this research addresses an efficient treatment agent from natural rosin acids (R) and dapsone (D) with variable sublethal proportions of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) (i.e., 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.6%) for modifying kilim fabric (KF) using a dip‐coating method. The nanostructure of prepared TiO2 nanoparticles and their particle size were examined by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Zetasizer analyzer. The data showed that the majority of prepared TiO2 oriented to a rutile‐type structure with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 48.30–49.65 nm. The KF‐R/D‐0.3% TiO2 NPs specimen provided the best tensile properties reached ~3192 N compared with the untreated KF (i.e., 1125 N). This finding confirmed by SEM observations. Whereas, the specimen containing decorated TiO2 NPs (i.e., 0.6%) possessed higher flammability resistance property compared with other specimens. Moreover, XRD and FTIR results for treated KF specimens demonstrated the significant role of TiO2 NPs, which react with KF keratin either by new linkages or through chelating geometry to form a compact KF matrix. This contributed to enhance the tensile and flammability properties. Additionally, a great achievement in antibacterial properties occurred when TiO2 NPs used and their inhibitory zones were 18–36 mm, depending on the bacteria and specimen type.

Highlights

Novel treatment of KF fabric‐based bioagents with sublethal contents of TiO2 NPs was successfully prepared by dip‐coating route.

The tensile force and flammability of treated KF fabric were greatly enhanced.

A great achievement in antibacterial activity was noticed when TiO2 added.

These treated fabrics have excellent possibility for use in conserving cultural heritage.
Exploring women's strong preference for women surgeons in breast healthcare
Authors: Kahalon Rotem , Adar Roy
Published: February 2024

Background

This study challenges the prevalent belief that surgical roles demand masculine traits, potentially limiting women's suitability for such positions. Contrary to this stereotype, we explored the hypothesis that in sensitive surgical procedures, where communal traits are valued, women patients might favor women surgeons. Two experimental studies investigated women's preferences for a man versus a woman surgeon in a breast exam and breast surgery.

Methods

In two studies we experimentally tested women's preferences for a man versus a woman surgeon for a breast exam (a noninvasive and non‐complicated procedure), and breast surgery (an invasive and more complicated procedure). Study 2 delved into factors influencing these preferences, including patients' age, stereotypical perceptions of women surgeons as communal/warm, past negative experiences with men and women doctors, and previous body‐related trauma.

Results

Women consistently preferred a woman surgeon for both procedures and expressed increased willingness to wait for an appointment with a woman surgeon. However, this preference was less pronounced for surgery than for an exam. Study 2 identified the stereotypical perception of women surgeons as communal/warm as the strongest predictor for this preference, along with previous negative experiences with men doctors and age.

Conclusions

While some gender bias persists, this study underscores a notable preference for women surgeons in intimate medical services like breast exams or surgery. This preference holds practical implications for healthcare providers encouraging women's preventive checkups and offers insights for women medical students making residency choices.
Towards a Gendered, Decentred History of Cultural Mediation in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Bolufer Mónica , Guinot-Ferri Laura
Published: February 2024

How can transnational and global perspectives on the Enlightenment and approaches that take gender as a standpoint fertilise each other? This volume aims at doing so by exploring women’s contributions to cultural mediation and the ways in which notions of gender circulated and were transformed, hybridised and creatively appropriated in contextualised and material forms. The introduction considers previous scholarship on eighteenth-century travel, translation and cultural circulation, and on women’s participation in intellectual and cultural life, to propose new avenues for research that expand the geography of Enlightenment to cover Southern Europe and the Hispanic world. It also highlights how examining debates about women’s “nature” from Madrid and Paris to Mexico and Peru (and the other way round), and looking at the roles of women of letters, travellers, translators, readers, owners of books and agents in multilingual epistolary networks provide fresh knowledge on the workings of transnational and transoceanic exchanges, and the obstacles and limits to circulation and mobility.
Trans-Adriatic Enlightenments: Maria Petrettini’s Italian Translation of the Turkish Embassy Letters
Authors: Papalexopoulou Elisavet
Published: February 2024

In 1838, Maria Petrettini, a Greco-Venetian aristocrat, published a translation of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s Turkish Embassy Letters from English into Italian. In this paper, taking as a focal point Petrettini’s translation of the Letters, I aim to unravel the story of two parallel texts that challenged religious and political presuppositions. In the work of Petrettini and Montagu, the view of the Turk as a savage is deconstructed through a gendered perspective. The writer and the translator propose that a traveller can know a foreign land only if they are able to penetrate all aspects of public and private life; a feat that only a female scholar can accomplish. Apart from the importance of the Letters and their translation, focusing on a scholar like Maria Petrettini allows us to broaden our gaze to the intellectual possibilities available to high class women in the North-Eastern Mediterranean; the multiple strategies for women’s political representation within an era of Revolutions; the mosaic of religious, political and ethnic affiliations and the ways in which Enlightenment and Romantic ideas merged into each other within the framework of the Greco-Italian intellectual milieu providing us with a transcultural, trans-Adriatic Enlightenment.
Women’s Libraries and “Women’s Books”, 1729–1830
Authors: Montoya Alicia C.
Published: February 2024

During the eighteenth century, as the practice of selling books at auction spread throughout Europe, moving beyond its original Dutch origins to the rest of the continent, an increasing number of female-owned libraries were also sold at auction. These sales were accompanied by printed catalogues that, together with widespread discourses about women’s reading, helped construct new images of the female reader. During the same period, a new ideal type of female-gendered library was conceptualized, the bibliothèque choisie, that foregrounded personal reading taste and belles-lettres, and was sometimes associated with historical, real female readers. This essay explores the historical reality of the discursively imagined woman reader, using bibliometric tools to examine a corpus of auction catalogues of smaller and medium-sized female-owned libraries or bibliothèques choisies sold in France, the Dutch Republic and British Isles between 1729 and 1830. Adopting a geographically comparative perspective, I study the historical evolution of these female-owned libraries, focusing particularly on women as readers of devotional literature and of novels. I demonstrate that while women’s libraries did differ perceptibly from men’s libraries, these differences were sometimes subtler than inherited narratives might suggest, and require rich contextualization taking into account multiple geographic, social, and material factors.
The Production and Circulation of Literature for Women Between Europe and America: A Perspective from the Hispanic-American World
Authors: Guinot-Ferri Laura
Published: February 2024

This essay aims to analyse how literature “for women” and the image of the ideal female reader were shaped in the eighteenth century by focusing on relations between Spain and colonial Latin America and comparing them with the situation elsewhere in Europe. The tendency has been to adopt a “national approach” to the study of women as potential readers and moral subjects with little regard for the similarities and differences between disparate geographical spaces. To overcome these limitations, this essay will apply a comparative and transnational perspective. I shall set out a general overview of works addressed to women in Spain and New Spain that were published or translated in the second half of the eighteenth century, paying particular attention to the transatlantic circulation of this kind of literature. By drawing on a variety of sources, such as newspaper advertisements and bibliographic catalogues relating to book production in America and Spain, I shall present a dynamic vision of the complex relationship between gender and reading, one that belies any simplistic and increasingly outdated assertions of Hispanic and Iberian backwardness in comparison with the rest of Europe during the Enlightenment.
Women and Novels: Educating the Female Public in the Age of Enlightenment
Authors: Delpiano Patrizia
Published: February 2024

This chapter addresses efforts to govern the female public in the Age of Enlightenment, bringing to light the difficult relationship between Catholicism and women’s reading in the Italian context. The aim is to study the strategies Catholic moralists adopted in Italy to regulate the emerging female audience in a century characterised by important changes, particularly in terms of secularisation. The first part analyses the reasons that led ecclesiastical hierarchies, censors and moralists to condemn novels. The novel, deemed capable of reaching a vast public—especially women and so-called “incautious” readers—was increasingly viewed as one of the instruments of the Enlightenment and, as such, a vehicle for spreading irreligion. The second part examines the origins and use of the antiphilosophical novel as a way of educating women. I take as a case study Emirena by Benvenuto Robbio di san Raffaele (1735–1794) and place it in the wider European context to show the international breadth of the pedagogy of “good books” and reading that dated back to the age of Enlightenment and continued in the nineteenth century.
Discussing Gender, Discussing Modernities in the Global Enlightenment: The Many Lives of a Spanish Defence of Women in Europe and America
Authors: Bolufer Mónica
Published: February 2024

This chapter discusses the ways in which the essay entitled Defensa de las mujeres (Defence of women, 1726), by Benito Jerónimo Feijoo (1676–1764), travelled around Europe and the Americas throughout the eighteenth century and into the early nineteenth century. It examines translations in four different languages and the contexts in which they appeared and were disseminated, asking how, when, by whom and for what readership the essay was adapted, reviewed, reused or contested. The far-reaching and lasting impact of the Defensa de las mujeres raises significant theoretical and methodological questions. It endorses a multicentred understanding of Enlightenment discussions of gender. It also makes us wonder, as the text did in its own time, how modernity was framed (by the author, a cleric, and by his readers and critics) in relation to Catholicism and to national stereotypes. It stimulates reflection about what might be called “transtemporal translation”: the process by which texts written long ago are redefined and turned into symbolic contemporaries. Finally, the way in which Feijoo’s arguments were used in colonial Spanish and Portuguese America allows us to interpret cultural relations between peninsular and transatlantic territories of those empires in terms not of unilateral dissemination, but of active, critical discussion.
Female Faces in the Fraternity. Printed Portraits Galleries and the Construction and Circulation of Images of Learned Women in the Republic of Letters
Authors: van Deinsen Lieke
Published: February 2024

How women tried to secure a place in the early modern male-dominated intellectual field has been the subject of numerous studies over the last decade. The most visible sign of their growing presence in the intellectual field—their printed portraits—has, however, received surprisingly little critical attention. This chapter discusses printed portraits of learned women as vehicles of public image in the male-dominated Republic of Letters. It unravels how the inclusion of the likenesses of four prominent contemporary learned women—Luise Gottsched, Emilie Du Châtelet, Laura Bassi and Magdalena Sibylla Rieger—in one of the most ambitious printed portrait galleries of the eighteenth century, the Bilder-Sal, contributed to their representation as intellectual authority in the Republic of Letters. Especially due to their visual nature their portraits proved ideal vehicles to readily disseminated representations of female intellectual authority across regional, national and linguistic borders, finding their ways to the study rooms of prominent scholars. As such, they contributed to a more inclusive image of the intellectual across Europe. It remained, however, a fine line between embodying intellectual authority and maintaining female modesty. Besides reflections on their intellectual capacities, these women’s portraits continued to spark discussions on their physical—and evidently female—appearances.
Elsewhere. Women Translators and Travellers in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin in the Age of Enlightenment
Authors: Simonutti Luisa
Published: February 2024

Travel as sentimental education, travel as cultural transfer and translation of texts, ideas, and emotions. Travel literature is an amalgam and hybridisation that can be analysed from different disciplinary perspective. Between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, this area became a sphere of expression not only for women philosophers, scientists and religious figures, but also for translators. Translation was mostly considered a non- creative activity, subordinate to the primacy of the author and hence devoid of the risk that the translator could independently promote ideas or foster controversies. However, there were women translators who consciously used translation and descriptive narrative as a tool for spreading new and sometimes provocative ideas. This chapter focuses on the analogy between two worlds, both involving strategies of cultural mediation and mutual diachronic and geographical bonds: the world of translation that interprets works to offer them to new contexts of reception, and the world of travelling, of journeys lived, narrated, and translated, that make distant and unknown places intelligible. I will concentrate on the figures of women travellers, translators, and writers, especially in the Levant and the Mediterranean, with a particular emphasis on the cases of Anne-Marie Fiquet du Boccage and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.
Translating Genre and Gender for Madrid Audiences: The Case of María Rosa de Gálvez
Authors: Lewis Elizabeth Franklin
Published: February 2024

This essay highlights the importance of translation for eighteenth-century women writers, giving special focus to the life and work of María Rosa Gálvez (1768–1806), the most successful Spanish woman writer of her day and a member of a family with important positions in the Bourbon administration in both Spain and colonial America. We will consider Gálvez’s comments on translation, theatre, and lyric, as well as the international texts that she adapted, translated, or imitated to understand better her attempts to make a place for herself in literary history. A focus on two translations—Catalina o la bella labradora (1801) and the opera Bion (1804)—along with one original sentimental drama—El egoísta (1804) will reveal the importance of genre and gender in the aesthetic and thematic choices that Gálvez made in her translations, adaptations, and original texts. Ultimately, we will go beyond the dichotomy of previous approaches to Gálvez’s work, seeing her translated and original work as separate and unequal endeavours, to see how her choices of genre and emphasis on gender run throughout her career.
Kultur von allen für alle mit allen? Eine Einleitung
Authors: Hanke Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Spitzenklöppeln, Poetry Slam und Chorgesang. Das alles ist Kultur. Und zwar nicht nur im anthropologischen Sinne. Alle drei Formen sind konkrete Kultur in Form von kreativen Tätigkeiten. Kann man auf die Idee kommen, diese drei sehr unterschiedlichen Kulturformen in ein und dieselbe Kategorie einzuordnen? Durchaus! Die staatlichen und nichtstaatlichen Akteure, die die Umsetzung der UNESCO-Konvention zur Erhaltung des immateriellen Kulturerbes in Deutschland verantworten, haben alle drei als Immaterielles Kulturerbe in Deutschland anerkannt. Kann mit der Konventionsumsetzung in Deutschland (endlich) das Ziel „Kultur von allen für alle“ verwirklicht werden?
Konzepte und Methoden einer empirischen Untersuchung von kulturpolitischen Instrumenten zur Umsetzung der UNESCO-Konvention von 2003
Authors: Hanke Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Die Arbeit bewegt sich an der Schnittstelle zwischen den Disziplinen der Politikwissenschaft und den Kulturwissenschaften. Methodisch werden v. a. sozial-, verwaltungs- und politikwissenschaftliche Ansätze verfolgt, da es um die Untersuchung des Politikfelds Kulturpolitik geht und über die Thematik des Immateriellen Kulturerbes hinaus allgemeingültige Aussagen getroffen werden sollen. Während vier von fünf Forschungsfragen dieser Arbeit vorrangig politikwissenschaftlicher Natur sind, lässt sich auch jene, die den Untersuchungsgegenstand kulturwissenschaftlich in den Blick nimmt, mit den entsprechenden gewählten sozialwissenschaftlichen Methoden gut untersuchen.
Evaluierung der kulturpolitischen Maßnahmen: Ergebnisse aus der bisherigen Praxis und Erkenntnisse für eine künftige Politik zum Immateriellen Kulturerbe
Authors: Hanke Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Welche Ergebnisse hatte die Politik zum Immateriellen Kulturerbe in Deutschland darüber hinaus und welche Erkenntnisse ergeben sich daraus für eine künftige Politik? Welche Modifikationen wären, auch unter Betrachtung der Erfahrungen in anderen Staaten, zu empfehlen? Welche Bereiche bedürfen einer weiteren politik- und/oder kulturwissenschaftlichen Erforschung?
Afterthought: Vulnerability and Tenacity
Authors: Budianta Melani
Published: February 2024

This closing chapter reflects on the global-local context for the conservative rise in Indonesia, examining artists’ and women activists’ creative strategies in dealing with the return of patriarchies in public and private spheres. The chapter argues that the interface between gender, sexuality, and Islam occurs in a terrain mediated by digital transformation, affected by complicated legal battles and global markets, which can both enlarge and limit women’s space for expression. The battleground is filled with ambiguities and complexities, with no linear direction. Referencing, among others, the activism of KUPI (Congress of Indonesian Female Ulama), the chapter captures the core theme of this edited volume: the tenacity of the collectives and individuals in continuously transcending women’s vulnerabilityin Indonesia.
Fraught Relations: Indonesian Modest Fashion, New York Catwalks, and the Spectacle of Travel
Authors: Saraswati Asri
Published: February 2024

This chapter examines the rise of Indonesian Muslim fashion, or “modest fashion,” and its connection to the New Yorkcatwalks. It seeks to uncover the interplay between the narratives of freedom and travel in creating the global capitalist pullfor modest fashionin Indonesia. Thus, it contributes to one of the aims of this volume to “explore the different ways in which modestyand commodification interact” (see Arnez 2023, this volume, Chap.1). Contributing to studies examining political statements of designers of Islamic clothing for women, this chapter discusses the popularity of Indonesian modest fashion on the New York catwalks in the context of the Western world’s feelings of guilt towards Muslims, prompted by anti-Muslim sentiment. Displays of fashion by Indonesian designers on catwalks and the designers trotting New YorkCity were used as political statements and marketing tools. Particular attention will be paid to Indonesian designers’ engagement with the New York Fashion Week and the Couture Fashion Week, and the images of travel displayed. This article sheds light on the problematic relationship between Indonesian Muslim fashion and narratives of travel, specifically considering the highly politically contentious moment when refugees from Islamic countries were denied entry into the U.S. This created a platform for Indonesians to promote equality and stand against the racist travel ban posed upon Muslims, yet it also produced the myth that the freedom to travel is guaranteed.
On Certification and Beauty: Representations of Halal Cosmetics on YouTube in Indonesia
Authors: Manzo Annalisa
Published: February 2024

With the world’s largest Muslim population, Indonesia is one of the world’s most prospering Islamic economies, with a leading role in manyhalal marketsectors. Since 2018, food and cosmetics have been certified by the Indonesia Ulama Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia; MUI), which is the body for issuingfatwas(religious edicts) in Indonesia. This has opened more opportunities for the sales market ofhalal-certified (permitted, legal) cosmetics. The potential ofhalalproducts has prompted Incumbent Indonesian Vice President K.H. Ma’ruf Amin to announce in June 2021 that Indonesia aims to become the largest producer and exporter ofhalalgoods globally. This paper examines the interplay between certificationand beauty, using the example ofhalal-labelledcosmeticson YouTube. The first objective of this chapter is to analyze how commercialsonhalal cosmeticscombine notions of Islamic identity and beauty, and thus set new standards for a gendered Indonesianhalallifestyle. The second objective is to strengthen an understanding of how Islamic male preachers discusshalal cosmeticson YouTube. The analysis reveals howhalalcommercials, on the one hand, and Islamic male preachers, on the other, pursue the same objective to funnel thehalallabel into concrete instructions.
Online Halal Dating: AyoPoligami and the Contestations of Polygamy as the “New Normal” in Indonesia
Authors: Kurnia Lilawati , Nurbaity
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores how the online datingapp AyoPoligami expresses ahalallifestyle that has become increasingly popular in Indonesia in recent years. While it is desirable for many middle-class Muslims, both women and men, to live a Sharia-compliant life and to document this in public, it is questionable to what extent corresponding online services want to be associated with thehalallabel that delivers on this promise. It compares AyoPoligami with other dating apps, particularly Salams(previously Minder), a popular dating app for Muslims whose slogan is to “find love or friends thehalalway.” While scholars have explored Islamic branding andhalalproducts as well as online datingin Indonesia, an analysis of online dating in the context of polygamy in Indonesia is under explored. We break new ground with this research by using interviews with users and an analysis of app features to explore how the online app AyoPoligami uses thehalallabel to make polygamy socially acceptable, to make it the “new normal,” the more visible popular polygamous marriage.