bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A gene signature related to programmed cell death to predict immunotherapy response and prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zheng Lei , Lu Jia , Kong Dalu , Zhan Yang
Published: February 2025

Background

Tumor development involves the critical role of programmed cell death (PCD), but the correlation between colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and PCD-related genes is not clear.

Methods

Subtyping analysis of COAD was performed by consensus clustering based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), with the AC-ICAM queue from the cBioportal database as a validation set. Immune infiltration of the samples was evaluated using CIBERSORT and Microenvironment Cell Populations (MCP)-counter algorithms. Patients’ immunotherapy response was predicted by the TIDE and aneuploidy scores. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted with gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). A RiskScore model was established with independent prognostic PCD-related genes filtered by Cox regression analysis. The mafCompare function was used to compare the differences in mutation rates of somatic genes. Wound healing, transwell assays and Flow cytometer were applied to measure the cell migration, invasion and apoptosis.

Results

The patients were grouped into S1 and S2 subtypes based on a total of 21 PCD genes associated with the prognostic outcomes of COAD. Specifically, patients of S1 subtype were mainly related to the pathway activation in tumor invasion and deterioration and had a worse prognosis. A RiskScore model was established based on six prognostic genes, including two protective genes (ATOH1, ZG16) and four risk genes (HSPA1A, SEMA4C, CDKN2A, ARHGAP4). Notably, silencing of CDKN2A inhibited the activity of migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis of tumor cells. Based on the RiskScore model, the patients were grouped into high- and low-risk groups. Independent prognostic factors, namely, Age, pathologic_M, pathologic_stage, and RiskScore, were integrated to develop a nomogram with strong good prediction performance. High-risk group had high-expressed immune checkpoint genes and higher TIDE scores, showing a strong immune escape ability and less active immunotherapy response. Compared to the low-risk group, TP53 exhibited a higher rate of somatic mutation in the high-risk group.

Conclusion

We constructed a RiskScore model with six PCD-related genes for the prognostic assessment of COAD, providing a valuable insight into the exploration of new targets for the prognostic improvement in COAD.
Enhancing active ingredient biosynthesis in Chinese herbal medicine: biotechnological strategies and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Guo Ziyi , Yang Ning , Xu Delin
Published: February 2025

Background

Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a fundamental component of traditional Chinese medical practice, offering a rich source of natural remedies with significant therapeutic potential. However, the scarcity of active ingredients and complex extraction procedures present substantial challenges to their widespread clinical application. This review aims to address this gap by exploring the potential of modern biotechnological advancements in enhancing the biosynthesis of these valuable compounds.

Methodology

The study takes a comprehensive approach, delving into the chemical composition of CHM’s active ingredients and elucidating their biosynthetic pathways and molecular regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, it surveys recent progress in extraction methodologies and evaluates engineering strategies aimed at synthetic production. This multifaceted analysis forms the foundation for examining the role of synthetic biology in augmenting CHM’s active ingredient synthesis.

Results

Our examination provides insights into the intricate biosynthetic pathways governing the formation of CHM’s active ingredients, as well as the complex molecular regulatory networks that underlie these processes. Furthermore, the review highlights advancements in extraction techniques, demonstrating their ability to streamline and enhance the isolation of these compounds. Engineering approaches for synthetic production, including metabolic engineering and synthetic biology tools, are assessed for their potential to overcome natural limitations and scale up production.

Conclusions

By integrating insights from biosynthesis, molecular regulation, extraction methodologies, and synthetic biology, this review establishes a robust theoretical framework for enhancing the production of CHM’s active ingredients. The proposed strategies and practical guidance aim to facilitate their broader utilization in modern medicine while promoting sustainability and accessibility within this invaluable medicinal heritage.
Comparison of Retinal Thickness in Diabetic Patients with Healthy Controls: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chaudhary Saroj , Kaur Manjinder , Monhanty Lipa , Kurmi Naren
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia, leading to systemic complications such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). The impact of DM on retinal thickness is of particular interest, as it can serve as an early indicator of DR progression.

Aim: To assess variations in retinal thickness among diabetic patients without systemic involvement and also to correlate retinal thickness with the duration of diabetes and Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care centre, from January 2023 to April 2024. A total of 120 participants were included, with 60 individuals in the diabetic group (group D) and 60 in the healthy control group (group N). Group D consisted of participants with a diabetes duration of 1.5-10 years and HbA1c levels above 6.5%, while those with systemic or ocular complications of diabetes were excluded. Retinal thickness was measured using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and HbA1c levels were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0, employing independent samples t-tests and correlation analysis.

Results: The study included 60 participants in each group, with group N (Control) and group D (Diabetic) having a mean age of 38.67±5.38 years and 48.17±8.76 years, respectively, with the latter being significantly older. The gender distribution varied, with group N having a higher male-to-female ratio (51 males and 9 females) compared to group D (39 males and 21 females). The diabetic group exhibited significantly reduced retinal thickness compared to the controls, with mean values of 190.88±22.33 μm in the right eye and 188.02±19.58 μm in the left eye. In contrast, the control group had mean values of 206.02±21.29 μm in the right eye and 210.33±18.14 μm in the left eye (p-value<0.001). Correlation analysis showed no significant associations between HbA1c levels, duration of diabetes and retinal thickness.

Conclusion: This study highlights significant reductions in retinal thickness among diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. The lack of correlation with HbA1c levels and diabetes duration suggests the need for further investigation into additional factors influencing retinal changes in DM.
Review on the Status and Geographical Distribution of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Nythri , Rinchen Namgay
Published: February 2025

Invasive Alien Plant Species (IAPS) are non-native, naturalized plants with high potential to spread over large areas at considerable distances. Considering its driving factor and adverse effect on global biodiversity loss and species extinction, the current study aimed to document the IAPS of Bhutan and its geographical distribution in the country. A total of 136 plant species were enumerated, including 22 major IAPS and 25 IAPS through a literature review. There are 9 IAPS in the country from the list of worlds 100 worst IAS. The families Fabaceae (24) constitute the maximum IAPS followed by Poaceae (20) and Asteraceae (19) respectively. IAPS in Bhutan are mostly herbs (73), followed by grass (23) and tree (15). Currently, IAPS was commonly found distributed on disturbed sites, roadsides, fallows, cultivated areas, and margins of wetlands and forest. Still, there is a need for further IAPS documentation, determination of invasive plant species status, and its impact assessment in the country along with its geographical distribution within the country.
Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Leucaena leucocephala Leaves Collected in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Casimir Kekou , Magloire Yapi Yapo , Parfait Koutouan Faustin , Tagouèlbé Tiho , Moussa Kimse
Published: February 2025

Aims: In a context of increasing valorization of tropical plant resources as potential sources of bioactive compounds, Leucaena leucocephala, a pantropical legume widely distributed in Côte d'Ivoire, represents a model of interest still insufficiently explored for its phytochemical and antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to determine the contents of condensed tannins, total tannins and total polyphenols, as well as the antioxidant activity of Leucaena leucocephala leaf extracts, in order to valorizing its nutraceutical potential.
Study Design: Leucaena leucocephala leaves were collected at the vegetative stage in the locality of Yamoussoukro, dried under shelter at room temperature and then crushed. The powder obtained was used for the various analyses at the Chemistry laboratory of the Institut National Polytechnique Félix HOUPHOUËT-B0IGNY in Yamoussoukro.
Place and Duration of Studies: After the harvest, the analyses were carried out from March to June 2023.
Methodology: Maceration and decoction were used to extract the phenolic compounds. Maceration extraction was done using a mixture of distilled water/ethanol (30/70, v/v) and distilled water/methanol (30/70, v/v) as solvent while decoction was done using distilled water only.
Results: The condensed tannin contents obtained in Leucaena leucocephala leaves were 137.52 ± 92.74, 140.22 ± 92.74, and 32.63 ± 7.13 mg Cat E/g extract, for methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous solutions, respectively. The total polyphenols contents were 5.74 ± 0.22, 4.01 ± 0.22, and 1.32 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The total tannin contents were 209.05 ± 7.49, 207.92 ± 7.49, and 55.85 ± 7.49 mg TAE/g extract, respectively. The antioxidant activities were 30.99±1.95, 19.75±0.740, and 12.21±2.63 mg TE/g extract, respectively.
Conclusion: It was concluded that Leucaena leucocephala leaves collected in Côte d’Ivoire contain bioactive compounds and has antioxidant activity with variations depending on the extraction solvent.
Food and Feeding Habit of Some Selected Fish Species from Lower River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: T Gbaaondo, , S Agba, , T. M Igbana, , C. A Tsevenda
Published: February 2025

Studies on food and feeding habit of chrysitchthys nigrodidgitatus, Bagrus bayad and Synodontis clarias was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019 using frequency of occurrence, numerical and gravimetric methods the result of this investigation revealed that Bagrus bayad had 40%, full stomach,31.6% empty stomach 10% quarter full stomach,16.80% half full stomach and 1.6% three quarter full stomach. Chrysitcthy nigrodigitatus had 26.03%, full stomach ,47.65% empty stomach 1.14 quarter full stomach,14.43% half full stomach and 2.42% three quarter full stomach. Synodontis clarias had 31.62%, full stomach ,30.88% empty stomach, 10.29% quarter full stomach,19.85% half full stomach and 7.35% three quarter full stomach. Chrysitchthys had the lowest number of full stomachs (26.03) and highest number of empty stomachs (47.65) Stomach content in B. bayad for frequency of occurrence method ranged from 1.93-17.76,C. nigrodigitatus 3.06-15.24  and S. clarias 7.17-27.91 .Numerical method B. bayad ranged from 5.48-17.81,C.nigrodigitatus 8.22-17.81,S.clarias 6.85-26.03. Gravimetric method B. bayad ranged from19.13-95.88, C. nigrodigitatus 25.00-93.48 and S.clarias 8.70-30.43. The result of the index of relative importance showed that the food content from B. bayad ranged from 0.05-1.87,C.nigrodigitatus 0.3-1.47,S.clarias 0.13-1.3 respectively with animal parts been the highest and the lowest been plant parts this showed that these fish species are omnivores and a top predator.
Effect of Cattle Urine Application and Spray Frequencies on Okra Productivity and Soil Chemical Properties
Authors: Thapa Bikram B. , Niraula Samanwaya , Khanal Rasik , Khatri Keshar B.
Published: February 2025

Aims: This research aimed to assess the impact of different doses of cattle urine and spraying frequencies on the growth, yield, and soil properties of okra, focusing on identifying optimal application practices.
Study Design: The experiment was conducted using a two-factor factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments comprising three ratios of cattle urine to water (1:5, 1:10, 1:15) and three spraying frequencies (one spray, two sprays, and three sprays). Each treatment was replicated three times.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out from April to July 2024 in Lamjung District, Nepal.
Methodology: Growth parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, pod diameter, pod length, and yield were recorded at 30, 45, and 60 days after sowing (DAS). Soil properties including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), pH, and organic matter content were analysed post-harvest. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate treatment effects.
Results: The 1:5 urine-to-water ratio with three sprays significantly enhanced plant height (10.59 cm, 40.15 cm, 71.54 cm at 30, 45, and 60 DAS, respectively), stem diameter (1.4 cm, 1.71 cm, 2.61 cm), and the number of leaves (9.85, 20, 19.5). Pod diameter (1.76 cm), pod length (17.29 cm), and yield (0.98 kg/m²) were also highest in this treatment. Soil analysis revealed the 1:5 ratio with three sprays had the highest N, P, K, and organic matter content.
Conclusion: The application of cattle urine at a 1:5 ratio with three sprays significantly improved okra growth, yield, and soil properties, making it a sustainable practice for enhancing agricultural productivity.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing Early Public Health Intervention in Wuhan, China
Authors: Ojo Olusola Bamidele , Okoror Lawrence
Published: February 2025

The world continues to suffer from mortalities due to infectious diseases in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. As of 12 January 2025, COVID -19 has killed over 2,800 people in the past 28 days globally. From 2021 to 2024, the Marburg virus disease has claimed 59 lives in sub-Saharan Africa. Against this backdrop, this article intends to critically assess the early public health intervention against COVID-19 during its emergence in Wuhan, China enabling us to learn valuable lessons on the significance of epidemic management to avert future pandemics. Therefore, this review article explores and critiques the early public health response to COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.  By deploying WHO-China reports on the coronavirus and other relevant secondary sources, this review article revealed the unrestricted movement of over half of Wuhan’s population for the New Year celebration between 11 and 23 January 2020. Hence, we maintained that this uncontrolled emigration and delayed disease response contributed substantially to the rapid dispersal of COVID-19 outside Wuhan.  Other studies have focused on the mutagenic properties of the virus and its clinical manifestation. Nevertheless, this review article highlights the implication of timely public health response to prevent escalation of outbreaks. An emphasis on Wuhan, China illuminates our understanding regarding the importance of prompt epidemic control in mitigating future pandemics.
Soil Fertility Status of Selected Panchayats in Deeh Block of Raebareli District in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: M. Patil, Lalit , I. Valvi, Vinod , Sachin Singh, , Santosh Dixit,
Published: February 2025

The present investigation aimed to assess soil fertility across twenty-five villages within group gram panchayats in the Deeh block of Raebareli district, Uttar Pradesh. The study focused on analyzing nutrients status using the nutrient index approach, while also identifying correlations among various soil parameters.
The soil fertility assessment in Deeh block, Raebareli, revealed significant variability in pH (5.47–8.46), organic carbon (0.02–1.12%) and available nitrogen (70.25–716.26 kgha-1), indicating moderate soil health. Phosphorus availability was high (mean 77.31 kgha-1), whereas potassium was low (mean 103.48 kgha-1), suggesting nutrient imbalances. Micronutrient deficiencies were noted, particularly for zinc (0.016-2.17 ppm), while copper was sufficient (0.14-2.98) in majority of soils in the study villages. The nutrient index classified nitrogen as medium (1.79), phosphorus as high (2.73), and organic carbon (1.67), potassium (1.19) and Zn (1.46) as low, highlighting the need for targeted soil management. Soil pH showed a significant positive correlation with EC but a strong negative correlation with Fe, indicating reduced iron availability in alkaline soils. Organic carbon had a strong positive correlation with N and P, supporting nutrient retention. Fe had significant negative correlations with pH, EC and K, emphasizing its reduced availability in alkaline, saline, and potassium-rich soils. The study concludes that site-specific soil fertility management and regular soil testing are essential for maintaining soil health and enhancing crop productivity.
Raya Hisar 1706: An Indian Mustard Variety with Low Erucic Acid
Authors: Kumari Nisha , Avtar Ram , Kumar Neeraj , Goyal Vinod , Punia Rakesh , Kumar Dalip , Shweta  , Bishnoi Mahavir , Singh Rajbir
Published: February 2025

Raya Hisar 1706 (RH 1706), the first zero erucic acid (erucic acid <2%) Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] variety in public sector developed by Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. It was released for commercial cultivation in 2023. It is black seeded with 38.0% oil content. In Indian mustard varieties erucic acid (C:22) is a major (40-50%) fatty acid.  The mustard oil is considered as antinutritional due to the presence of erucic acid as main component, as it has been concern with heart health. T variety RH 1706 has been developed with the objectives to get higher seed and oil yield with low erucic acid content under irrigated conditions by crossing NOID X EC-597324 and subsequently hybridization followed by pedigree method of selection. The NOID (RC-187) is a low erucic acid germplasm being maintained at Hisar and EC-597324 is an exotic line and a good combiner parent having desired component traits like siliqua density, number of seeds/siliqua etc. Single plants of medium duration, profuse branching with low erucic acid in oil was selected using pedigree selection method in the segregating generations during generation advancement. After F6 generation, uniform advance lines having low erucic acid characteristics, more than 38% oil content, numerically at par or better for seed yield with the best checks were retained for further evaluation in replicated trials. The superior bulks were evaluated in a station trial, initial variety trial (IVT), advance variety trial-I (AVT-I), advance variety trial-II (AVT-II), and the RH 1706 was found better in seed yield than the checks viz PM-29, RH 0749 and Kranti.
Sensory Evaluation of Rasmalai Blended with Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Pulp
Authors: Patil V. N. , Dandekar V.S. , Terde S.H. , Mayekar A. J. , Kasture M.C. , Khandekar R.G. , V.B.Kadav  , N.N.Prasade  , Ramod S. S.
Published: February 2025

Aims: Nutritional benefits of sweet potato blended into Rasmalai was explored in this study by developing a value-added Rasmalai. This work aimed to facilitate utilization of sweet potato pulp not only increases nutritive value of product but also improved sensory quality. This study finds out optimum level of sweet potato pulp in Rasogolla part of Rasmalai with two sugar level in concentrated milk.
Study Design: This research was experimental and performed in a laboratory.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture, Dr.BSKKV, Dapoli  Maharashtra , India, during 2022-23.
Methodology: The Rasmalai was prepared from cow and buffalo milk by incorporating sweet potato pulp @ 0%(T0),5% (T1), 10% (T2), and 15 % (T3) in Rasogolla part and two sugar level i.e. 7% (S1) and 8% (S2) in concentrated milk based on weight of Chhana and initial milk respectively. All treatments were analyzed for sensory attributes i.e colour and appearance, body and texture, flavour and overall acceptability by using 9-point Hedonic scale. Research Conducted with Five Replication.
Results: Most optimum level of sweet potato pulp @10 % found in Rasmalai with 7 and 8 percent sugar level had obtaining maximum score for colour and appearance (8.18 and 8.18) and, body and texture (8.34 and 8.28), flavour (8.34 and 8.50)  and overall acceptability (8.54 and 8.58) respectively.The statistical analysis of the data shows that the impact of sweet potato pulp  was significant at the 1% level of probability, but the effect of sugar and the interaction effect of sugar X SPP were non-significant.
Conclusion: The study concludes that incorporating up to 15% sweet potato pulp in Rasmalai can improve its sensory characteristics without compromising its traditional appeal, offering a nutritious twist to the dessert. The most acceptable quality Rasmalai can be prepared by using 10% SPP with both sugar level.
Membrane Fouling Dynamics in the Clarification of Pineapple Juice after Egg Albumin Pretreatment: A Study on Hermia’s Empirical Models
Authors: Samreen  , Satyanarayana Ch V V , Edukondalu L , Beera Vimala , Rao V Srinivasa
Published: February 2025

The present study investigated membrane fouling during the clarification of pineapple juice after pretreatment with egg albumin. Pineapple (Ananascomosus L., Merril) is the most popular tropical non-citrus fruits, mainly because of their attractive aroma, refreshing flavour and Brix/acid ratio. The research was carried out on the membrane clarification of pineapple juice after pretreatment. Pretreatment of pineapple juice was performed using egg albumin with different concentrations and observed that 2 g/L concentration gave effective removal of colloidal substances of pineapple juice. The membrane processing of pineapple juice was performed with all different pore size, pressures, flowrates and the coefficient of determination (R2) values were analysed.
Hermia’s empirical models were applied to evaluate the fouling phenomena in microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) of pineapple juice. The flux data was fitted into existing fouling models to elucidate the fouling mechanisms during membrane processing. The coefficient of determination (R²) values for the gel layer model ranged from 0.829 to 0.957 for the 0.2 µm pore size membrane when filtering pineapple juice. In Microfiltration (MF) membrane, the data revealed that IPB was predominant, as the pore size of membrane is larger than Ultrafiltration (UF).
Survey of Major Insect Pests, Natural Enemies and Diseases of Brinjal in Tribal Belt of Surat District in Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel R. K. , Chawda S. K. , Patel H. V. , Patel A. T. , Rathod J. H. , Pastagia J. J.
Published: February 2025

The survey was carried out to find seasonal abundance and impact of abiotic factors on major insect pests, their natural enemies and diseases in brinjal. The survey of brinjal fields were carried out at fortnight interval for the period of June to December during 2016 to 2022 in different villages of tribal belt of Surat district, Gujarat. The highest population of sucking pests viz., whitefly, aphid and leafhopper in brinjal was found during first fortnight of October, first fortnight of December and second fortnight of September, respectively. The highest fruit damage in brinjal by shoot and fruit borer was found during second fortnight of December. The highest population of natural enemies viz., lady bird beetle and Chrysoperla spp. in brinjal was found during second fortnight of September and November, respectively. Maximum incidence Fusarium wilt and little leaf diseases of brinjal were observed during mid-October to mid-December and December, respectively. The correlation of weather parameters with sucking pests viz., whitefly and aphid; Fusarium wilt and little leaf diseases of brinjal showed significant negative correlation with minimum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity and wind speed while significant positive correlation with sunshine hours. The population of whitefly and aphid; little leaf disease showed significant negative correlation with maximum temperature. The population of aphid; Fusarium wilt and little leaf diseases showed significant negative correlation with rainfall and rainy days. The little leaf disease of brinjal showed highly significant positive correlation with its vector i.e. leafhopper population. The population of lady bird beetle showed significant negative correlation with maximum temperature and wind speed.
Diversity of Bioluminescent Insects and their Threats: Status and Struggles
Authors: J Jeyashree , V Selvanarayanan , S Arivudainambi
Published: February 2025

Bioluminescence, a mesmerizing natural phenomenon, bridges the gap between the living and the luminous. In class Insecta, various species of insects show bioluminescence to attract their partners, to defend themselves and to snare their prey. Among the bioluminescent insect orders (Collembola, Diptera and Coleoptera), Coleoptera has the most diverse bioluminescent terrestrial insects. However, their unique abilities have led to innovations in lighting technology. Bioluminescent insects face significant threats from habitat destruction, light pollution, and pesticide use and these anthropogenic factors jeopardize their populations and disrupt their ecological roles. Conservation efforts are urgently needed to mitigate these threats and ensure the survival of these remarkable organisms, which are essential for maintaining ecosystem’s health and biodiversity.
Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on Neglected Tropical Diseases in Nigeria Using Data from Dimensions Database
Authors: Nwokedi Vivian Ukamaka , Christopher Aham , Orobator Enibokun Theresa , Elechi Kelechi Wisdom , Babatunde Adesola Qazeem , Awosan Wuraola Ruth , Ojewumi Titus Kolawole , Olowookere Adepeju Kafayat , Asare Millicent Esi , Sunday Agbanigo Bolade
Published: February 2025

Background: Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are global public health problem and pose a significant burden on public health in Nigeria, necessitating research efforts to combat these diseases. This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications on NTDs in Nigeria.
Methods: Data was collected from Dimensions database on January 14, 2025, using the search term: (("Neglected Tropical Diseases" OR "Neglected Tropical Disease" OR NTDs) AND (Nigeria OR Nigerian OR Nigerians)). The search yielded 299 Publications (comprising data from January 1st, 2008 till the search date) and after manual cleaning and removal of duplicates, 242 publications remained. Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software were used in data analysis for descriptive analysis and bibliometric mapping respectively.
Results: The majority of publications (91.3%) were articles. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases emerged as the most productive source, with SNIP of 1.670 and SJR of 1.260. The year 2023 witnessed the highest productivity, with 42 publications. Racheal Thomson and Dean Laura were the most productive authors, each contributing 10 publications. At the institutional level, the Federal Ministry of Health, a Nigerian federal research institution, topped the list with 21 publications. Nigeria dominated the country-wise distribution, accounting for 61.57% of the total publications. Bibliometric mapping revealed co-authorship and co-citation patterns, highlighting clusters, links, and total link strength. Notably, Dean Laura and Racheal Thomson were the most collaborative authors, while the Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria, and the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute were the most collaborative institutions. Furthermore, Nigeria, the United Kingdom, the United States, Switzerland, and China emerged as the most collaborating countries.
Conclusions: This study revealed the trends, patterns, and collaborations in research on Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Nigeria, answering the question of how NTD research has evolved in the country. The findings highlight the growing research output, international collaborations, and institutional commitments, which can inform research priorities, funding decisions, and capacity-building initiatives. By understanding the research landscape of NTDs in Nigeria, policymakers, researchers, and healthcare professionals can develop targeted strategies to address the burden of NTDs in the country.
Antibiogram of Bacteria and Fungi Isolated from Medical and Non-medical Dumpsites in Rivers State
Authors: V. K. Robinson, , C. C. Enweluzo, , F. N. Anyekere, , A. O. Nengi-Benwari, , B Graham-Douglas,
Published: February 2025

Waste dumpsites could serve as reservoir for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant pathogenic microorganisms. The antibiogram of bacteria and fungi isolated from medical and non-medical dumpsites was investigated. Soil samples from the dumpsite of University of Port Harcourt teachings hospital, Rivers State University teachings hospital, NDDC hostel and faculty of Law were collected aseptically into sterile containers and analysed using standard microbiological techniques. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 1.1±0.4 to 1.9±0.9×107 CFU/g, the total coliform counts ranged from 4.1±0.3 to 6.8±0.2×104 CFU/g, the staphylococci count ranged from 3.9±0.8×103 to 1.9±0.1×104 CFU/g while the fungal count ranged from 6.5±0.21×104 to 1.25±0.71×105 CFU/g. The percentage occurrence of the bacterial isolates was E. coli (16.7%), Pseudomonas sp (8.3%), Staphylococcus sp (20.8%), Streptococcus sp (4.2%), Bacillus sp (20.8%), Enterobacter sp (12.5%), Klebsiella sp (8.3%), Flavobacterium sp (4.2%) and Micrococcus sp (4.2%). While the percentage occurrence of the fungal isolates was A. niger (14.3%), A. terreus (10.7%), Mucor sp (14.3%), Geotrichum sp (10.7%), Trichoderma sp (7.1%), A. nidulans (3.6%), A. flavus (7.1%), Rhizopus sp (10.7%), Blastomyces sp (10.7%) and Candida albicans (10.7%). The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative bacterial isolates showed that E. coli was 100% resistant to Ampiclox and Augmentin, and 75% resistant to Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime, Imipenem, Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid, Cefuroxime and Cefixime. Klebsiella was 100% resistant to all the antibiotics except levofloxacin, cefuroxime and Imipenem. Enterobacter sp showed 66.7% resistance to cefotaxime, imipenem and cefixime. Pseudomonas sp was 100% resistant to all the antibiotics except gentamycin. Staphylococcus sp was 100% susceptible to erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Streptococcus sp was 100% susceptible to co-trimazole and vancomycin but completely resistant to Ampicillin, Meropenem, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Ceftriaxone and Chloramphenicol. The multi-antibiotic-resistant index ranged from 0.2 to 1.0. The dumpsites contained drug-resistant microorganisms that could be a public health significance.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes and Hypertension among Adults (Age Above 50) in Ameke Ngwo, Enugu: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Uchechukwu Ofodile Francis , Chidi Enemuo Vincent , Ugwuanyi Mathew Chidera , Uyor Miracle Osonwa , U Ikechukwu Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

Aims: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and hypertension among adults Aged 50+ in Ameke Ngwo, Enugu, and identify significant demographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with these conditions.
Study Design: The study employed a cross-sectional design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Ameke Ngwo, Enugu State, Nigeria, between January and March 2024.
Methodology: A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 90 participants aged 50 years and above, achieving a response rate of 93.3% (84 participants). Data collection included structured interviews and clinical measurements of blood pressure and blood glucose levels. Sociodemographic information, anthropometric indices, and lifestyle factors. Participants were asked how many cigarettes they smoked a day and how long they had been smoking, and their smoking status was assessed. The number of standard drinks consumed per week was evaluated on alcohol consumption. This was further verified by asking participants to report their average daily hours spent in low-energy activities, i.e. (sitting or lying down), which was defined as < 150 minutes of moderate activity per week. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 55.7%, while diabetes affected 15% of the participants. Additionally, 6.7% of participants were diagnosed with both conditions. Obesity (31.7%), sedentary lifestyles, and smoking were significantly associated with both conditions. Specifically, hypertension was linked to an elevated BMI (p = 0.004) and sedentary habits (p = 0.001), whereas diabetes was significantly associated with smoking (p = 0.033) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.008).
Conclusion: The study highlights a high burden of hypertension (55.7%) and a moderate prevalence of diabetes (15%) among elderly populations in Ameke Ngwo. Key risk factors include obesity, sedentary behavior, smoking, and alcohol consumption. These findings underscore the need for targeted health interventions, including lifestyle modifications and routine screenings, to mitigate the impact of these non-communicable diseases in rural settings.
Evaluation of Physico-chemical Parameters of Selected Clotrimazole Pessaries from Pharmaceutical Importers and Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Brashi Benedict , Mlugu Eulambius M. , Kaale Eliangiringa A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Quality assured medicines make an important contribution to a global reduction in morbidity and mortality. Tanzania imports approximately 70% of its medicines, some of which are manufactured in countries with different climatic conditions that may affect their stability. The prevalence of vaginal candidiasis amongst women seeking primary health care for genital infections in Dar es Salaam is 45%. Clotrimazole pessaries is the first-line drug for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis (VC). However, there are reports showing the existence of poor quality clotrimazole in the market as well as microbial resistance.
Study Objectives: This study aimed to assess the quality of clotrimazole pessaries among pharmaceutical importers and Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDOs) outlets in Dar es Salaam.
Methods: The experimental study laboratory-based was conducted between October 2021 to July 2022. A total of 72 samples, 5 from pharmaceutical importers and 67 from ADDO outlets, were collected by mystery clients through the convenient method. Assay for the content of active ingredients and disintegration time were performed as described in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP).
Results:  All samples passed the physical inspection and disintegration test. Among the collected samples, two of 72(2.78%) failed the assay test. The assay for an active pharmaceutical ingredient for samples from importers was significantly greater than that from ADDO outlets.
Conclusion: Storage conditions may affect the drug content of clotrimazole pessaries. A few samples from ADDO without fan failed to meet the assay test as per British Pharmacopeia specification.
Recommendations: The Pharmacy Regulation 2019, for Accredited Drugs, Dispensing Outlets, Standards, and Ethics for Dispensation of Medicines to be revitalized to include specification on ADDO outlets regarding the storage conditions to align with the pharmaceutical manufacturer’s recommendations. Also, regulatory inspections should be emphasized by the Regulatory Authority including Pharmacy Council and TMDA so as to ensure the registered pharmaceutical outlets continue complying with standards required like the presence of air conditions so that the medicines continue to be of desired quality throughout their shelf life.
Supplement Use among Hypertensive Patients in Two Rural and Two Urban Health Centers in Guyana, South America
Authors: Pitt Kissa , Blasse Jaidi , Yusuf Zahir , Edmondson-Carter Jewel , Boston Cecil , Hutson Andrew
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to comparatively assess the knowledge and practices related to the use of dietary supplements as adjunctive treatment and management for hypertension among patients attending two rural and two urban health centers in Guyana.
Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed-methods design was employed to evaluate the prevalence, patterns, and motivations for dietary supplement use among 144 hypertensive adults (71 urban, 73 rural) in Guyana, with a focus on the influence of cultural practices on healthcare approaches. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which was pretested in a pilot study to ensure validity and reliability.
Results: The study sample consisted of 64% female and 36% male participants, with the majority (57%) being over 60 years of age. Urban participants predominantly used vitamin and mineral supplements, demonstrating a statistically significant association between supplement use and blood pressure classification (χ² = 7.16, p = .007). Conversely, rural participants more frequently relied on herbal remedies, particularly for preventive purposes.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for larger-scale, longitudinal studies to comprehensively explore the interplay between cultural influences, dietary supplement use, and hypertension management in Guyana. Such research is essential for informing the development of culturally sensitive public health interventions to enhance hypertension care in diverse populations.
Identity Management in Global Compliance: Innovative Implementation Strategies in Cybersecurity Landscape
Authors: Vitla Surendra
Published: February 2025

As the digital transformation of global enterprises accelerates, the need for robust cybersecurity frameworks that ensure compliance with evolving regulations has never been more critical. Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems play a foundational role in safeguarding sensitive data, protecting user identities, and ensuring secure access across complex IT infrastructures. This paper explores innovative approaches to IAM designed to enhance cybersecurity compliance within global enterprises. By addressing the challenges of managing user access, securing sensitive information, and meeting the requirements of diverse regulatory frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, NIST, ISO 27001, and FEDRAMP, this research provides a comprehensive view of how IAM can be optimized for both security and compliance. We delve into advanced IAM technologies such as Single Sign-On (SSO), Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), and automated user lifecycle management, demonstrating how these tools can be integrated into hybrid and cloud environments to streamline access control and reduce compliance risks. Additionally, this paper examines how IAM solutions can automate critical processes such as role-based access, user provisioning, and periodic access reviews, enabling organizations to meet compliance mandates efficiently and effectively. Through case studies and real-world applications, we illustrate the tangible benefits of these innovations in minimizing risks, improving audit readiness, and ensuring real-time compliance across diverse global enterprises. Finally, we explore the future of IAM in the context of emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and blockchain, predicting how these advancements will further revolutionize cybersecurity compliance by enhancing access control, predictive threat detection, and decentralized security frameworks. This paper aims to provide organizations with actionable insights on designing and implementing IAM solutions that not only meet compliance requirements but also proactively safeguard against evolving cybersecurity threats in an increasingly interconnected world.
Transitions of care: Assessment of adherence to long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatment following discharge from inpatient psychiatry
Authors: Ross Charnae , Adams Katie S. , Crouse Ericka L.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI-APs) are used in patients with chronic psychiatric disorders as a strategy to manage oral medication nonadherence. Inpatient LAI-AP administration may assist with transition to the outpatient setting. The study objective was to characterize receipt of the next LAI-AP injection as planned in the outpatient setting following administration during inpatient psychiatric hospitalization.

Methods: Patients 18 years and older were eligible for inclusion if they received an LAI-AP while inpatient and provided consent to monitor their 90-day follow-up. The primary outcome determined the percentage of patients who received the same LAI-AP administered during their inpatient psychiatric admission at their initial visit post discharge. The secondary outcomes compared appropriate documentation of the LAI-AP follow-up plan, oral overlap, and early psychiatric rehospitalization rates.

Results: Fifty-one patients were included. Twenty-nine patients (56.9%) followed up within the outpatient setting after discharge and received their next scheduled LAI-AP as planned. Twenty-two patients (43.1%) did not receive an LAI-AP injection following discharge, 15 of whom did not attend their initial follow-up appointment. Thirty-nine patients (76.5%) were newly initiated on LAI-AP therapy, 19 of whom received their next follow-up injection.

Discussion: More than 40% of patients who received an LAI-AP inpatient did not follow up in the outpatient setting despite appropriate discharge planning. Patients more likely to receive follow-up LAI-AP were older, received a maintenance injection while inpatient, and had a scheduled follow-up appointment. Prior to inpatient administration of LAI-AP, multiple factors should be considered, including outpatient adherence, access, feasibility of outpatient continuation, and transition of care plan.
Pharmacist administration of long-acting injectable medications for substance use disorders: A scoping review
Authors: Hernandez Bustamante Pamela , Charles Amanda , Snider Marissa , Catanzano Samantha
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Using long-acting injectable (LAI) medications increases treatment adherence and promotes positive outcomes for patients with substance use disorders (SUD). Despite documented benefits that LAI medications can have over their oral counterparts, they continue to be underused. With the expansion of pharmacists’ scope of practice for medication administration services, there is a need to document and evaluate the benefits of pharmacist engagement in LAI administration services for SUD and identify growth opportunities.

Methods: A PubMed database search for articles related to a pharmacist’s role in LAI administration services for buprenorphine and naltrexone was conducted. Articles published before December 15, 2023, and in English describing or reporting outcomes of pharmacists administering LAI buprenorphine or LAI naltrexone in the United States were included.

Results: A total of 56 articles were identified in the search process. After removing duplicate citations and exploring references and similar article recommendations, a total of 5 articles were included in the final analysis. All 5 articles discussed pharmacist administration of LAI naltrexone, and no articles discussed pharmacist administration of LAI buprenorphine. Outcomes for each article varied and included cost analyses, implementation procedures, and identified barriers.

Discussion: Current literature on pharmacist-administered LAI services is limited. With many states allowing pharmacist administration of LAI medications, there is a significant opportunity to expand patient access to LAI medications for SUD in the pharmacy setting. Standardized training on LAI administration, development of standard operating procedures, and clarity on reimbursement policies are needed to help accelerate the implementation of pharmacist-administered LAI services.
Provision of Medications for Self-Managed Abortion Before and After the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization Decision
Authors: Aiken Abigail R. A. , Wells Elisa S. , Gomperts Rebecca , Scott James G.
Published: March 2024

Importance

The Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization overturned the right to choose abortion in the US, with at least 16 states subsequently implementing abortion bans or 6-week gestational limits. Prior research indicates that in the 6 months following Dobbs, approximately 32 360 fewer abortions were provided within the US formal health care setting. However, trends in the provision of medications for self-managed abortion outside the formal health care setting have not been studied.

Objective

To determine whether the provision of medications for self-managed abortion outside the formal health care setting increased in the 6 months after Dobbs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Cross-sectional study using data from sources that provided abortion medications outside the formal health care setting to people in the US between March 1 and December 31, 2022, including online telemedicine organizations, community networks, and online vendors. Using a hierarchical bayesian model, we imputed missing values from sources not providing data. We estimated the change in provision of medications for self-managed abortion after the Dobbs decision. We then estimated actual use of these medications by accounting for the possibility that not all provided medications are used by recipients.

Exposure

Abortion restrictions following the Dobbs decision.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Provision and use of medications for a self-managed abortion.

Results

In the 6-month post-Dobbs period (July 1 to December 31, 2022), the total number of provisions of medications for self-managed abortion increased by 27 838 (95% credible interval [CrI], 26 374-29 175) vs what would have been expected based on pre-Dobbs levels. Excluding imputed data changes the results only slightly (27 145; 95% CrI, 25 747-28 246). Accounting for nonuse of medications, actual self-managed medication abortions increased by an estimated 26 055 (95% CrI, 24 739-27 245) vs what would have been expected had the Dobbs decision not occurred.

Conclusions and Relevance

Provision of medications for self-managed abortions increased in the 6 months following the Dobbs decision. Results suggest that a substantial number of abortion seekers accessed services despite the implementation of state-level bans and restrictions.
Addressing the Nursing Workforce Crisis Through Nurse-Physician Collaboration
Authors: Costa Deena Kelly , Valley Thomas S. , Friese Christopher R.
Published: March 2024

This Viewpoint explores root causes of the nurse staffing shortages in the US and proposes solutions that involve physicians.