bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of agricultural geography
Authors: Bičík Ivan
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with the position of agricultural geography in the system of geographical sciences and with the changes in orientation of main themes treated by new research and publication activities of this geographical sub-discipline. In the initial stages, description of reality prevailed in agricultural geography, then it went through the period of "business (commercial) geography", then the main interest of agricultural geographers was concentrated at world agriculture typology issues and still later at land use. Since the end of the 1970's, a shift from agricultural geography to rural geography has been evident. It corresponds with the trend of the shift of geography to a broadly conceived cultural or human geography. Since the 1990's critical voices refusing an exaggerated sociologization of geographical themes in rural research have been growing. In that period, research has concentrated at globalization as topical process of the world economy. Recently, studies paying attention to environmental issues are more frequent.
Comments from the Chalkface Margins: Teachers’ Experiences with a Language Standard, Canadian Language Benchmarks
Authors: Desyatova Yuliya
Published: November 2020

While the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) document has been a milestone in supporting the teaching of English as an additional language to adults in Canada, few studies examined practitioners’ experiences with the language standard. The expectation of ongoing use of the CLB by teachers in the Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) program became a rigid requirement with the implementation of portfolio-based language assessment (PBLA). However, the CLB-related literature has been mostly conceptual and aspirational, while practitioners’ voices have been on the margins of research and policy making. This article examines teacher comments on the CLB, as collected during a large mixed-methods exploratory project on PBLA implementation (Desyatova, 2018, 2020). While some practitioners appreciated the standard and its impact, the majority of comments reflected comprehensibility and interpretation challenges, experienced by both teachers and learners. These challenges were further aggravated by the pressures of PBLA as a mandatory assessment protocol.
Identification of Blast Resistant Genotypes among Drought Tolerant Finger Millet in Uganda
Authors: Aru John Charles , Wanyera Nelson , Okori Patrick , Gibson Paul
Published: November 2020

Finger millet is an important food security crop among many subsistence farmers living in marginal and especially semi-arid regions of Eastern Africa. However, crop production is affected mainly by terminal drought and blast disease caused by fungus Pyricularia grisea. Both collectively lead to over 90% grain yield loss depending on environmental conditions, cropping systems and varietal differences. Therefore, resistance breakdown remains high owing to variability in the blast pathogen and weather conditions. Stable varieties should possess both blast resistance and drought. In order to initiate breeding for multiple resistance to blast on drought-tolerant background, a study was conducted to identify variability for blast resistance from adapted germplasm as an initial step in developing a breeding strategy for incorporating resistance. Thirty genotypes from drought-prone agro-ecologies and including mini core germplasm from NARO-NaSARRI national Finger Millet improvement programme were assessed. They were screened using a local virulent pathogen isolate (NGR1) from Ngora, representing Teso major farming system and is a hot spot for the blast. The screening was under controlled conditions from in Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute (MUARIK) in 2012b. The results showed significance (p<0.01) for Area Under Disease Progressive Curve (AUDPC). Subsequently, the study identified IE927, Seremi1, Seremi3, Sec220 and Kabale as highly resistant to foliar blast infection comparable to Gulu-E a standard broad-spectrum resistant check and they could be used to improve finger millet for blast resistance. Meanwhile DR33, IE9 and IE2576 as most susceptible compared to non-race -specific susceptible check E11 from Uganda.
Effect of Red Lentil Flour Addition on Total Polyphenols Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Frozen Dough Bread
Authors: Boeriu Adriana Elena , Badarau Carmen Liliana , Canja Cristina Maria , Calefariu Gavrila
Published: November 2020

The fortification of frozen dough improved with addition of pulse flour - red lentil flour in various proportions (15% and 30%) was analyzed in order to raise the protein content, total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (expressed using DPPH and CUPRAC methods) of wheat bread obtained from frozen dough. The high-protein, phenolic and flavonoid compounds potential of red lentil was considered for expanding the range of products obtained from frozen dough and physicochemical attributes (acidity, moisture porosity and ash content) were analyzed. Results showed that the bread formulated with 30% red lentil flour had the highest antioxidant capacity. The protein content showed higher values for samples with fortification, freezing treatment not affecting the content. The results denoted that enrichment of wheat dough with red lentil flour significantly increases the levels of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of the final products. A strong increasement of phenolic compounds content was observed for the frozen samples, differences between fermented and unfermented samples and frozen and unfrozen samples varying significantly.
Tertiary Treatment of Livestock Wastewater in the Context of Alternative Water Resources for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Tociu Carmen , Maria Cristina , Deak Gyorgy , Ciobotaru Irina-Elena , Ivanov Alexandru-Anton , Marcu Ecaterina , Marinescu Florica
Published: November 2020

The limited availability and quality of water resources are key issues of water management, and the protection and preservation of water resources are a requirement in the context of accelerated economic growth and principles of sustainable development. The experimental research presented in this paper is based on the need to identify alternative water sources and support unconventional wastewater treatment methods which would enable their reuse in areas affected by water scarcity and drought. Livestock wastewater contain significant levels of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and may represent an attractive water source for crop irrigation. This paper evaluates the efficacy of a proposed technological process for tertiary wastewater treatment consisting of two steps: electrochemical treatment for the removal of suspended and colloidal impurities and ozone disinfection. The experimental results showed higher efficiencies for the removal of chemical pollutants (92.5% COD, 79.3% BOD, 98.6% TSS, 41% residue saline) and significant inactivation of microorganisms (over 99.9% for total coliform bacteria and in some cases 100% for faecal coliform bacteria and faecal streptococci). The quality of the effluent complies with the regulations for wastewater use in agriculture and allows its reuse for different categories of use considering the required conditions for soil/crops. The successful application of treated wastewater to agricultural crops depends in a high extent on the good practices aimed on the improvement of crop yield and quality, optimisation of soil productivity and protection of the environment undertaken by the economic entities.
Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of Some Coating Obtained by Thermal Spray in Plasma Jet, on the Surface of Some Crankshafts Made of C45 Steel
Authors: Mahu George , Munteanu Corneliu , Istrate Bogdan , Blanari Igor , Paleu Cornelia , Cotrut Cosmin Mihai
Published: November 2020

For modern engines the oil change interval can reach up to 30,000 km. If the oils lose their properties and are contaminated, they can adversely affect the corrosion resistance, the surface of the main bearing journals and the main journals of the crankshafts. In this study, the results obtained from the corrosion process were analyzed, in a solution of 3.5% NaCl of the layers obtained after spraying the surface of a C45 steel, used in the construction of crankshafts, with three powders: Cr3C2-(Ni20Cr), Al2O3-13TiO2, Cr2O3-SiO2-TiO2. The corrosion process was determined by the potentiodynamic polarization technique. The variations in time of the open-circuit potential and the Tafel curves were analyzed, for the samples with deposited layers and the basic material. Morphology and characterization of the structure of the layers after corrosion were performed by means of SEM microscopy and EDAX analysis. The results confirm that the powders sprayed by the atmospheric plasma spray method protect the surface of C45 steel from corrosion.
CYCLIC PARTIAL WORDS
Authors: Kumari R.K. , Arulprakasam R. , Perumal R. , Dare V.R.
Published: November 2020

Partial words are linear words with holes. Cyclic words are derived from linear words by linking its first letter after the last one. Both partial words and cyclic words have wide applications in DNA sequencing. In this paper we introduce cyclic partial words and discuss their periodicity and certain properties. We also establish representation of a cyclic partial word using trees.
ON STRUCTURES OF RIGHT DUO SEMINEARRING
Authors: Senthil S. , Perumal R. , Arulprakasam R. B.
Published: November 2020

A right ideal of a seminearring $S$ need not be two-sided ideal in general. We concentrate on those seminearrings which exhibit this property. It is quite natural for us to investigate the distinct properties of such seminearrings. In this paper we introduce the concept of right duo seminearring and prove some of the salient features of a right duo seminearrings when $S$ is a regular seminearring. We also characterise such a seminearring.
WEAKLY (1,2)$^{\ast}$-$\widetilde{g}$-CLOSED SETS IN BIOTOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Authors: Prabhavathi K. , Nirmala K. , Kumar R.S.
Published: November 2020

The concept of bitopological spaces was first introduced by J.C. Kelly [2] in 1963. Regular open sets have been introduced and investigated by Stone [5]. In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized closed sets called weakly (1,2)$^{\ast}$-$\widetilde{g}$-closed sets which contains the above mentioned class. Also, we investigate the relationships among the related generalized closed sets.
ON NANO $\mathcal{M}_ r$-SET AND NANO $\mathcal{M}_{r^\star}$-SET IN NANOTOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Authors: Rajasekaran I. , Selvi G. , Revathi B.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we introduce the notions of nano $\mathcal{M}_r$-sets and nano $\mathcal{M}_{r^\star}$-sets in nanotopological spaces and their properties are discussed with suitable examples.
Evaluation of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor Road Network: Shortest Route, Regional Distribution, and Robustness
Authors: Liaqait Raja Awais , Agha Mujtaba Hassan , Becker Till
Published: November 2020

Purpose - The transport road network plays a significant role in the economic development of any country. An appropriate road network not only reduces transportation cost but it also serves as an infrastructural enabler for further economic development. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is part of the Chinese “Belt and Road Initiative”, seeking better connectivity between Asia, Europe, and Africa. The major part of the CPEC project is the development of a road network linking the port city of Gwadar (Pakistan) with Kashgar (China). This paper focuses on the quantitative evaluation of alternate routes within the CPEC road network inside Pakistan with regard to travel times, road development in provinces, a balanced distribution of road network among provinces, and robustness against road closures. Methodology - The network is developed as an undirected graph with nodes as cities and edges as interlinking roads. Based on publicly available data, the paper identifies the shortest path from Gwadar to Khunjerab pass (Pakistan-China Border) and measures the distribution of the travelled distance among Pakistan’s provinces for each alternate route. Moreover, the robustness of road network is evaluated by a knock-out analysis. Results - The results showed that an unconsidered route by the planners promises the shortest travel time and that some proposed routes have significantly unbalanced share amongst provinces. There is a variation in robustness between the alternate routes, but with any route selected, the road network is able to remain functional even after closure of multiple connections.

Practical Implications - This study provides a decision-making toolbox for analysis and policy-making related to economic corridors e.g. CPEC – which is at its inception phase, and still tied to limited availability of data. Originality - The present study is novel because no prior study has covered the road network analysis of CPEC. Also, robustness and topographical analyses with respect to CPEC have not previously been undertaken.
ПРО РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВІДДІЛОМ СУСПІЛЬСТВОЗНАВЧОЇ ОСВІТИ ІНСТИТУТУ ПЕДАГОГІКИ НАПН УКРАЇНИ ПРОБЛЕМ МЕТОДИКИ НАВЧАННЯ ІСТОРІЇ І ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ В ГІМНАЗІЇ ТА ЛІЦЕЇ (2015-2020 рр.)
Authors: ПОМЕТУН Олена Іванівна , РЕМЕХ Тетяна Олексіївна
Published: November 2020

Представлено результати діяльності відділу суспільствознавчої освіти за 2015-2020 рр. Подано інформацію про роботу вчених відділу суспільствознавчої освіти Інституту педагогіки НАПН України над двома прикладними дослідженнями проблем навчання учнів історичної та громадянської освіти в гімназії і ліцеї, описано основні результати цих досліджень, навчальну та методичну продукцію учених відділу.
Vairuotojų patikros dėl obstrukcinės miego apnėjos tvarka Lietuvoje
Authors: Pilkauskaitė Guoda , Ambultienė Renata
Published: November 2020

2014 m. liepos 1 d. Europos komisija išleido direktyvą 2014/85/ES, kuria iš dalies keičiama Europos parlamento ir Tarybos direktyva 2006/126/EB dėl vairuotojo pažymėjimų. Paskelbta daug tyrimų, kuriais patvirtinta, kad obstrukcinės miego apnėjos sidromas yra vienas didžiausių su motorinėmis transporto priemonėmis susijusių eismo įvykių rizikos veiksnių, todėl su vairuotojų pažymėjimo išdavimu susijusiuose teisės aktuose negalima nepaisyti šio sutrikimo. Valstybės narės ne vėliau kaip 2015 m. gruodžio 31 d. turėjo priimti ir paskelbti teisės aktus, būtinus šiai direktyvai įgyvendinti, tai čia apžvelgiama vairuotojų patikros dėl obstrukcinės miego apnėjos tvarka Lietuvoje.
Ūminis vaikų kvėpavimo nepakankamumas
Authors: Pečiulytė Jurgita , Gurskis Vaidotas
Published: November 2020

Ūminis kvėpavimo nepakankamumas yra dažniausia priežastis, dėl kurios vaikai patenka į gydymo įstaigą. Svarbu suprasti fiziologinius, anatominius ypatumus, patofiziologinius mechanizmus, kurie paaiškina dažnesnį vaikų mirštamumą nuo kvėpavimo nepakankamumo. Svarbu laiku atkreipti dėmesį į klinikinius simptomus, teisingai interpretuoti fizinę apžiūrą diagnozuojant ūminį kvėpavimo nepakankamumą. Tinkamas fizinis ištyrimas ir bendrosios būklės vertinimas padeda tiksliai nustatyti priežastį, sukėlusią ūminį kvėpavimo nepakankamumą ir padaryti reikiamus sprendimus pradedant gydymą.
Hullo kosulio hiperjautrumo klausimynas lėtinio kosulio diagnostikoje
Authors: Blažytė Laima , Biekšienė Kristina , Sakalauskas Raimundas , Morice Alyn H
Published: November 2020

Kosulys - vienas dažniausių simptomų, dėl kurio kreipiamasi į gydytojus. Daugeliu atvejų kosulį sukelia kelios grupės priežasčių. Klinikinėje praktikoje pasiūlytas terminas "kosulio hiperjautrumo sindromas", kuris apibrėžia nepaaiškinamo kosulio priežastis ir apima akivaizdžiai skirtingas lėtiniu kosuliu besiskundžiančių pacientų grupes. Kadangi kosulio hiperjautrumo sindromą objektyviai įvertinti kol kas nėra priemonių, buvo sumanytas Hullo kosulio hiperjautrumo sindromo klausimynas.
Saugus inhaliatoriaus pakeitimas gydant LOPL
Authors: Nutautienė Rūta
Published: November 2020

Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos (PSO) duomenimis, LOPL nusineša maždaug 2 750 tūkst. gyvybių (4,8 proc. mirčių) per metus [1]. Prognozuojama, jog iki 2020 metų LOPL taps trečia dažniausia mirties priežastimi pasaulyje [2]. LOPL susirgusius asmenis labai svarbu tinkamai gydyti. Pagal GOLD (angl. The Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) 2011, 2013 rekomendacijas, LOPL gydymas skiriamas įvertinus ne tik bronchų obstrukcijos spirometrinį FEV1 (forsuoto iškvėpimo tūris per pirmą sekundę) rodiklį, bet ir simptomų sunkumą, paūmėjimų anamnezę. Atnaujintose GOLD rekomendacijose (GOLD 2016) [3] bronchus plečiantys vaistai išliko pagrindiniai LOPL simptomus gydantys vaistai (tiek esant lengvai, tiek labai sunkiai LOPL). Teigiamas bronchodilatatoriu poveikis pasireiškia dėl sumažejusio kvėpavimo takų pasipriešinimo, pagerėjusio iškvėpimo ir sumažejusios plaučių hiperinfliacijos tiek ramybės, tiek fizinio krūvio metu, todėl sumažeja dusulys ir pagerėja fizinio krūvio toleravimas. Bronchodilatatorius padeda pasiekti keletą LOPL gydymo tikslų: palengvina simptomus ir apsaugo nuo jų atsiradimo, sumažina paūmėjimų dažnumą ir sunkumą, pagerina bendrąją sveikatos būklę ir fizinio krūvio toleravimą. Tačiau, kad ir kaip gaila, LOPL gydymo sėkmę lemia ne vien geras inhaliuojamojo vaisto klinikinis efektyvumas, sėkmė pirmiausia priklauso ir nuo paciento pastangų laikytis vaistų ikvėpimo režimo, gebėjimo tinkamai įkvėpti vaistus ir naudotis inhaliatoriumi. LOPL gydyti skirtų vaistų, inhaliatorių pasirinkimas suteikia plačias galimybes rinktis – pradedant nuo veikliosios medžiagos iki inhaliatoriaus tipo. Tiesa, norint pakeisti inhaliatorių, dažniausiai tenka keisti ir veikliąją medžiagą, arba atvirkščiai. Todėl šiuo metu LOPL gydyti skiriamo vaisto pranašumas, kai ta pati veiklioji medžiaga gali būti įkvepiama skirtingo veikimo principo inhaliatoriais (pvz., tiotropis Respimat, tiotropis HandiHaler), o jų vieno keitimas kitu nesukelia vaisto saugumo ir veiksmingumo pokyčių.
The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule
Authors: Brülke Christine , Bauer Oliver , Sokolowski Moritz M
Published: November 2020

We investigated the ability of a single layer of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to decouple the excited state of the organic molecule 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) from the supporting Cu(111) surface by Raman and fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy. The Raman fingerprint-type spectrum of PTCDA served as a monitor for the presence of molecules on the surface. Several broad and weak FL lines between 18,150 and 18,450 cm−1 can be detected, already from the first monolayer onward. In contrast, FL from PTCDA on a bare Cu(111) surface is present only from the second PTCDA layer onward. Hence, a single layer of hBN decouples PTCDA from the metal substrate to an extent that a weak radiative FL decay of the optical excitation can occur. The different FL lines can be ascribed to different environments of the adsorption sites, namely molecules adsorbed at surface defects, in large ordered domains, and located in the second layer.
Quinoline Derivatives as Growth Regulators for Ornamental Plants
Authors: Vostrikova Tatiana , Kalaev Vladislav , Medvedeva Svetlana , Ledeneva Irina , Shikhaliev Khidmet
Published: November 2020

It is investigated the effect of synthesized organic compounds of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2- dihydroquinoline, its derivatives, and hydrogenated analogs. These compounds affected the height of seedlings when they were used for pre-sowing seed treatment of the following ornamental plants: annual ornamental grass – scarlet sage (Salvia splendens) and woody plant – yellow rhododendron (Rhododendron luteum). Prior to the sprouting process, the seeds of Rh. luteum and S. splendens were soaked in water solutions of compounds with concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% for 18 hours. Dihydro- and tetrahydroquinolines with a concentration of 0.05% proved to be the most effective for both plants. For Rhododendron luteum, the compounds of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, its derivatives, and hydrogenated analogs with a concentration of 0.1% proved to be the most effective. Dihydroquinolines at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1% proved to have the strongest effect when applied to the studied perennial woody plant (Rhododendron luteum). Dihydroquinoline at the concentration of 0.05% also proved to be effective when applied to the annual grass (Salvia splendens). For annual S. splendens, tetrahydroquinoline at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05% appeared to be the most effective. The pre-sowing seed treatment of grass Salvia splendens and woody plant Rhododendron luteum with the studied compounds demonstrated that their effect on the height of the seedlings is species-specific. The pre-sowing seed treatment of Rh. luteum and S. splendens allows increasing the height of the seedlings by 3-61 % and 17-25 %, respectively. It is suggested using the compounds of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4- trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, its derivatives, and hydrogenated analogs as effective growth stimulators for ornamental grasses and woody plants
Using Synthesised Organic Compounds as Environmentally Friendly Retardants for Ornamental Plants
Authors: Vostrikova Tatiana , Kalaev Vladislav , Potapov Andrey , Vandyshev Dmitry , Shikhaliev Khidmet
Published: November 2020

The pre-sowing treatment of scarlet sage (Salvia splendens Ker Gawl.) seeds with 4-methyl-2-piperidin1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% proved to have an obvious inhibiting effect. Prior to sowing, the seeds of Salvia splendens were soaked in a water suspension of 4-methyl-2- piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid and 4-methyl-2-morpholin-4-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid with concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% for 18 hours. On the 42nd day of the experiment, the seedlings, having been preliminarily hardened for 12 days, were removed from the greenhouse and planted on the field. The pre-sowing treatment of Salvia splendens seeds with 4-methyl-2-morpholin-4-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid proved to have the inhibiting effect at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05%. The height of the seedlings decreased by 13.3-43.7%. It was revealed that 4-methyl-2-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% decreased the growth of the seedlings by 30.4-43.7%, and 4-methyl-2-morpholin-4- pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05% decreased the growth of the seedlings by 13.3-22.2%. By contrast, the effect of pyrimidinecarboxylic acids on seed germination and plant height of another annual flower – spreading marigold (Tagetes patula L.) was stimulating. It was investigated some different concentrations from 0.01 to 0.05 %. The same concentrations of identical compounds were tested, but effects from them were opposite for Tagetes patula, and Salvia splendens seedlings. Сonsequently, the species-specific effect of pyrimidinecarboxylic acids on seed germination and plant height for ornamental grasses takes place. Therefore,4-methyl-2-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid and 4-methyl-2-morpholin4-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid are recommended as growth retardants for Salvia splendens
Clinical and Laboratory Testing of a New Modification of Two-Layer "Silep" Dentures Used in Prosthetic Dentistry
Authors: Timoshin Anton , Mitin Nikolay , Oleynikov Alexander , Timoshina Maria , Mitina Evgeniya
Published: November 2020

Dentistry is a part of medicine, where various polymer materials were used for the first time. Many factors forced researchers to find more stable, versatile, and hygienic materials for the manufacture of dental products. It is important to note that the search for the ideal polymer dental material is still ongoing. This is because modern polymers, in some cases, do not meet the specified requirements for chemical, physical, strength, and elastic properties. Based on the data on the method of creating and using silicone material for the base of the removable prosthesis "Gossil", an improved silicone material for two-layer dentures "Silep" was developed, as well as a special primer for better connection of the lining with the rigid acrylic base of the prosthesis. To evaluate the most suitable compound, materials were tested for several parameters, such as tensile strength, elongation, and shore hardness. In addition to selecting a suitable material for modification, the selection and testing of an adhesive that allows the chemical bonding of the acrylate surface to the siloxane surface were carried out
Noncognitive Skills in the Classroom: New Perspectives on Educational Research
Authors: Rosen Jeffrey A. , Glennie Elizabeth J. , Dalton Ben W. , Lennon Jean M. , Bozick Robert N.
Published: November 2020

This book provides an overview of recent research on the relationship between noncognitive attributes (motivation, self efficacy, resilience) and academic outcomes (such as grades or test scores). We focus primarily on how these sets of attributes are measured and how they relate to important academic outcomes. Noncognitive attributes are those academically and occupationally relevant skills and traits that are not “cognitive”—that is, not specifically intellectual or analytical in nature. We examine seven attributes in depth and critique the measurement approaches used by researchers and talk about how they can be improved.
Theoretical and Methodological Feasibility of Research Aimed at the Investigation of the Development of Interpersonal Trust in Police Officers
Authors: Лопатин Е.А.
Published: November 2020

В статье дается теоретико-методологическое обоснование исследований установок на межличностное доверие у сотрудников органов внутренних дел. Доверие сотрудников полиции к другим людям, в отличие от доверия общества полиции, редко является предметом научного интереса. Недостаток исследований привел к необходимости обратиться к анализу работ, связанных с доверием представителей других правоохранительных органов (прежде всего, сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы), а также представителей гражданских профессий типа «человек — человек». Анализ показал значимость обучения в вузе как периода формирования профессионально значимых установок на межличностное доверие и недоверие. Выявлено, что средний уровень межличностного доверия является оптимальным и способствует повышению эффективности оперативно-служебной деятельности. Показано, что уровень межличностного доверия коррелирует с положительно оцениваемыми характеристиками коммуникативной компетенции: демократическим стилем управления, коммуникативной толерантностью и эмпатией. Изучены факторы формирования установок на доверие у сотрудников органов внутренних дел: объективные закономерности межличностного восприятия, особенности личности, внешности и поведения воспринимаемого субъекта, личностные особенности самого сотрудника. Описана методологическая база исследования межличностного доверия сотрудников органов внутренних дел.

The article accounts for the theoretical and methodological feasibility of the research aimed at the investigation of the development of interpersonal trust in police officers. Unlike people’s trust in police, police officers’ trust in other people is highly underinvestigated. We therefore deem it necessary to analyze works investigating other law enforcement officials’ credibility (especially corrections officers’ credibility) and civilians’ credibility. The analysis shows that interpersonal trust as a foundation of professional relationships is largely shaped in the process of acquiring higher education. The article maintains that interpersonal trust is an essential prerequisite for efficient operational service. It shows that the level of interpersonal trust correlates with socially valid communication skills, democratic management style, communicative tolerance, empathy. The article investigates the factors that facilitate the development of trust in police officers: principles of interpersonal perception, police officers’ individual character traits, other people’s character traits, outer looks and behavioral patterns. It describes the methodological foundation of research of interpersonal trust in police officers.
Hightech as a platform for economic growth
Authors: Popova Natalia V.
Published: November 2020

Today, the majority of developed jurisdictions vigorously provide instruments for the focused support of the economic sectors and companies, which are able to give a significant positive effect for the whole economy in the nearest perspective. It is particularly true for the fastest-growing companies, which operate in the tech sectors i.e. technology-based gazelle companies. Such companies manufacture unique products, creates new job places for highly qualified staff and intensively export their tech solutions worldwide. Despite overall reduction of the earnings, some technology-based companies demonstrate outstanding flexibility in searching for the new opportunities and markets in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. However, the majority of technologybased gazelle companies rapidly grow out of the thresholds for the small and medium enterprises. In turn, these companies get into the “death valley” in the absence of the focused instruments of the governmental support. At the same time, complex governmental support in the spheres of tax, financing and procurement is able to promote achievement by the certain technology-based gazelle companies of their potential and make them “unicorn” companies with market value over USD 1 billion and even world leaders in their technology sectors. That, in turn, will give a chance for the growth of the Russian economy even in the context of the fall of the prices on energy resources. This article proposes complex and the most relevant measures of the state support for the technology-based gazelle companies, taking into account the foreign experience and Russian peculiarities.
African Christian View on Morality of Abortion
Authors: Macaulay Ron
Published: November 2020

There are several medical, ethical, theological, and personal sensitive questions on abortion – a developing phenomenon across all racial groups. Admittedly, the debates over its morality and verdicts are complex. Notwithstanding the complexity and the numerous sensitive questions surrounding its morality, it has been observed that some women practice abortion regardless of their religious and cultural affiliations. Perhaps, there must have been a gap which may have been serving as grounds for the practice of abortion among women without considering the rights of the foetus. This study seeks to find out the rightness or wrongness of the phenomenon, viewed from African Christian perspective. The study blends ethical and theological methods and a qualitative technique in the analysis. The findings are that even though women have the rights to commit abortion, regardless of the rights of the foetus, they should exercise those rights and make the choice before conception, and not after. This is because once they conceive, the child has independent rights both before and after birth. The study recommends that pregnant women should not take it upon themselves to end the lives of the unborn. Those who are seeking abortion are to be encouraged to consider other options such as giving birth and giving out the babies for adoption. This work fills the gap between African Christian and secular views on the morality of abortion.

Keywords: foetus, abortion, morality, murder.
A DESGW Search for the Electromagnetic Counterpart to the LIGO/Virgo Gravitational-wave Binary Neutron Star Merger Candidate S190510g
Authors: Garcia A. , Morgan R. , Herner K. , Palmese A. , Soares-Santos M. , Annis J. , Brout D. , Vivas A. K. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Santana-Silva L. , Tucker D. L. , Allam S. , Wiesner M. , García-Bellido J. , Gill M. S. S. , Sako M. , Kessler R. , Davis T. M. , Scolnic D. , Casares J. , Chen H. , Conselice C. , Cooke J. , Doctor Z. , Foley R. J. , Horvath J. , Howell D. A. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Lidman C. , E. F. Olivares , Paz-Chinchón F. , Pineda-G. J. , Quirola-Vásquez J. , Rest A. , Sherman N. , Abbott T. M. C. , Aguena M. , Avila S. , Bertin E. , Bhargava S. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Costanzi M. , da Costa L. N. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Dietrich J. P. , Doel P. , Everett S. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Friedel D. , Frieman J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Marshall J. L. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Ogando R. L. C. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Roodman A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Serrano S. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , Varga T. N. , Walker A. R. , Weller J. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: November 2020

We present the results from a search for the electromagnetic counterpart of the LIGO/Virgo event S190510g using the Dark Energy Camera (DECam). S190510g is a binary neutron star (BNS) merger candidate of moderate significance detected at a distance of 227 ± 92 Mpc and localized within an area of 31 (1166) square degrees at 50% (90%) confidence. While this event was later classified as likely nonastrophysical in nature within 30 hours of the event, our short latency search and discovery pipeline identified 11 counterpart candidates, all of which appear consistent with supernovae following offline analysis and spectroscopy by other instruments. Later reprocessing of the images enabled the recovery of six more candidates. Additionally, we implement our candidate selection procedure on simulated kilonovae and supernovae under DECam observing conditions (e.g., seeing and exposure time) with the intent of quantifying our search efficiency and making informed decisions on observing strategy for future similar events. This is the first BNS counterpart search to employ a comprehensive simulation-based efficiency study. We find that using the current follow-up strategy, there would need to be 19 events similar to S190510g for us to have a 99% chance of detecting an optical counterpart, assuming a GW170817-like kilonova. We further conclude that optimization of observing plans, which should include preference for deeper images over multiple color information, could result in up to a factor of 1.5 reduction in the total number of follow-ups needed for discovery.
DAMPE Proton Spectrum Indicates a Slow-diffusion Zone in the nearby ISM
Authors: Fang Kun , Bi Xiao-Jun , Yin Peng-Fei
Published: November 2020

The hardening and softening features in the DAMPE proton spectrum are very likely to have originated from a nearby supernova remnant (SNR). The proton spectrum from the nearby SNR is required to be very hard below ≈10 TeV. To reproduce this feature, we illustrate that an anomalously slow-diffusion zone for cosmic rays (CRs) must exist in the local interstellar medium (ISM) after also taking the dipole anisotropy of CRs into account. Assuming that the diffusion coefficient is homogeneous in the nearby ISM, we show that the diffusion coefficient is constrained to the magnitude of 1026 cm2 s−1 when normalized to 1 GeV, which is about 100 times smaller than the average value in the Galaxy. We further discuss the spatial distribution of the slow diffusion and find two distinct possibilities. In one case, the SNR is several hundred parsecs away from the solar system, and both the SNR and the solar system must be included in a large slow-diffusion zone. In the other case, the SNR is very close with a distance of ∼50 pc and the slow-diffusion zone is only limited around the SNR, while the current multiwavelength observations do not indicate such a close source. This work provides a new way of studying the CR diffusion in the local ISM.
IRIS Observations of the Low-atmosphere Counterparts of Active Region Outflows
Authors: Polito Vanessa , Pontieu Bart De , Testa Paola , Brooks David H. , Hansteen Viggo
Published: November 2020

Active region (AR) outflows have been studied in detail since the launch of Hinode/EIS and are believed to provide a possible source of mass and energy to the slow solar wind. In this work, we investigate the lower atmospheric counterpart of AR outflows using observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). We find that the IRIS Si iv, C ii, and Mg ii transition region (TR) and chromospheric lines exhibit different spectral features in the outflows as compared to neighboring regions at the footpoints (“moss”) of hot AR loops. The average redshift of Si iv in the outflow region (≈5.5 km s−1) is smaller than typical moss (≈12–13 km s−1) and quiet Sun (≈7.5 km s−1) values, while the C ii line is blueshifted (≈-1.1–1.5 km s−1), in contrast to the moss where it is observed to be redshifted by about ≈2.5 km s−1. Further, we observe that the low atmosphere underneath the coronal outflows is highly structured, with the presence of blueshifts in Si iv and positive Mg ii k2 asymmetries (which can be interpreted as signatures of chromospheric upflows) which are mostly not observed in the moss. These observations show a clear correlation between the coronal outflows and the chromosphere and TR underneath, which has not been shown before. Our work strongly suggests that these regions are not separate environments and should be treated together, and that current leading theories of AR outflows, such as the interchange reconnection model, need to take into account the dynamics of the low atmosphere.
New records of Celoporthe guangdongensis and Cytospora rhizophorae on mangrove apple in China
Authors: Tian Long , Xu Jin , Zhao Dan , Qiu Hua , Yang Hua , Qin Chang
Published: November 2020

Sonneratia apetala Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (Sonneratiaceae, Myrtales), is a woody species with high adaptability and seed production capacity. S. apetala is widely cultivated worldwide as the main species for mangrove construction. However, the study of diseases affecting S. apetala is limitted, with only a few fungal pathogens being recorded. Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales) species are the main pathogens of plants. They can cause canker diseases to several trees and thereby seriously threaten the health of the hosts. These pathogens include Cryphonectria parasitica (Cryphonectriaceae) causing chestnut blight on Castanea (Rigling and Prospero 2017) and Cytospora chrysosperma (Cytosporaceae) causing polar and willow canker to Populus and Salix (Wang et al. 2015) . Therefore, the timely detection of of Cryphonectriaceae canker pathogens on S. apetala is extremely important for protecting the mangrove forests.

Two diaporthalean fungi, Celoporthe guangdongensis and Cytospora rhizophorae have been reported for the first time to cause canker on the branches of S. apetala. C. guangdongensis is significantly pathogenic and C. rhizophorae is saprophytic on S. apetala.
Understorey to canopy vertebrate fauna of a lowland evergreen forest in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines
Authors: Gonzalez Juan Carlos , de Guia Anna Pauline , Dimalibot Judeline , Pantua Khryss , Gustilo Whizvir , Bantayan Nathaniel
Published: November 2020

We examined the vertical stratification of forest wildlife, from the ground up to the canopy layer, within a 2-hectare permanent plot of lowland evergreen rainforest on the Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve. Our aim was to determine the species richness of the different forest layers and evaluate their ecosystem services. Understorey, sub-canopy and canopy sampling were conducted during July 2016, March to April 2017 and February to March 2018, respectively. We were able to record a total of 68 species, consisting of 11 amphibians, 15 reptiles, 25 birds and 17 mammals. Increasing species richness with increasing vertical stratification was observed for both reptiles and mammals. For birds, the peak richness was observed in the sub-canopy and then decreased in the canopy. A decreasing trend was observed with amphibians wherein the peak species richness was observed in the understorey. Increasing vertical stratification influenced vertical habitat use and species richness. For the similarity index, the same pattern was observed for all species groups. Highest similarity was observed between the sub-canopy and the canopy and the least similarity was observed between the understorey and canopy. These results indicate that the understorey and the canopy host different species groups, thus, sampling of the understorey alone, often done in biodiversity surveys, may lead to the underestimation of species richness in an area.
Return to Play After Biceps Tenodesis and Transfer in a Young, Athletic Population
Authors: Lin Brian J. , Ling Daphne I. , Calcei Jacob G. , Altchek David W. , O'Brien Stephen J. , Dines Joshua S.
Published: November 2020

The goal of this study was to investigate the level of play that can be expected in a young, athletic population after biceps tenodesis and transfer. The authors hypothesized that both return to play rates and clinical improvement would be high after biceps tenodesis and transfer among young athletes. They conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent biceps tenodesis and transfer procedures with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Eligible patients were contacted for consent and asked to complete a questionnaire on patient-reported, shoulder-specific outcome measure scores, level of postoperative play, and other relevant information. The study included 41 patients with a mean age of 21.3 years. Patients reported a mean Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) score of 71.7, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)-Sports score of 21.3, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score of 79.4, and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain score of 1.8. Scores for all patient-reported outcome measures were statistically better (
P
<.05) for patients who underwent biceps transfer (n=24) compared with biceps tenodesis (n=17). Of the participants, 26 (63%) played a primary overhead throwing sport. Most of the patients (95%) returned to play, and of those who returned to play, 67% returned to their preoperative level or higher. Although biceps tenodesis and transfer procedures have been designated primarily for older patients with biceps-labral complex injuries, the high return to play rates and outcome scores of patients in this case series show that biceps tenodesis and transfer can provide effective surgical treatment for a younger athletic population with biceps-labral complex injuries. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e13–e18.]
Characteristics of Osteoporotic Low Lumbar Vertebral Fracture and Related Lumbosacral Sagittal Imbalance
Authors: Niu Junjie , Feng Tao , Huang Cheng , Yan Qi , Song Dawei , Gan Minfeng , Yang Huilin , Zou Jun
Published: November 2020

Osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) usually occurs in the thoracolumbar region and rarely affects the low lumbar region. The characteristics of osteoporotic low lumbar fracture (OLLF) have not been reported. Lumbosacral sagittal balance plays an important role in preserving the normal physiologic function of the spine. However, it is unknown how lumbosacral parameters vary in patients with OLLF. The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiologic characteristics of patients with OLLF and osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTVF) who were treated at their institution. Vertebral height, local deformity angle, and visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively for both groups. The changes in lumbosacral parameters were measured for patients with OLLF. The results showed that OLLF was more likely to occur at L3 (53.66%) and that the prevalence of severe trauma (29.27%) was higher among patients with OLLF (
P
<.05). The most common morphologic type of the vertebrae affected by OLLF was biconcave (58.54%,
P
<.05). Patients who had OLLF showed an apparent increase in pelvic tilt and a decrease in local lordosis and sacral slope. Postoperatively, vertebral height, local deformity angle, and visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores were significantly improved compared with preoperative values (
P
<.05). Among patients with OLLF, local lordosis and sacral slope increased significantly, whereas pelvic tilt decreased significantly after percutaneous kyphoplasty. Restoration of local lordosis had a mean value of 6.29°±4.80°. These results indicate that OLLF has unique characteristics compared with OTVF and that it results in lumbosacral sagittal imbalance. Percutaneous kyphoplasty is effective and safe for the treatment of OLLF and plays an important role in postoperative improvement of sagittal imbalance. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e7–e12.]
Cocoa olein glycerolysis with lipase Candida antarctica in a solvent free system
Authors: Zamorano L. S. , Calero Magaña P. , García Cisneros E. , Martínez A. V. , Martín L. F.
Published: November 2020

In this paper we present the valorization of cocoa olein obtained from the acid fat-splitting of soapstocks. The aim is to develop a solvent free process (enzymatically catalyzed) to maximize the production of a final product with high content of monoglycerides (MAG) and diglycerides (DAG). The effect of the enzyme dose, glycerol content, reaction times as well as the modification of the raw material and pressure were studied. The yield of the reaction increased up to 90-95% when using a vacuum of 2-3 mbar at 65 °C, enough to evaporate the water which is generated as a by-product, an enzyme dose of 1% and molar ratio oil:glycerol of 1:2. The highest yield in terms of MAG and DAG production was obtained by starting from a raw material which was rich in free acidity (FFA), rendering oil with 33.4 and 44.2% MAG and DAG, respectively. Short reaction times (6-8 h) were observed compared to previously reported results (24 h).
Educational Entrepreneurship
Authors: Kachchhap Sandeep Lloyd
Published: November 2020

From its onset, education has had an integral role in transforming society to become what it is. In fact, developments in society, especially in terms of human capital, have resulted from the nature of education its members have received. In the past two decades, owing to several factors, society has seen a stark transformation in economics and commerce. A major part of this development has offset the sync between education and practice, such that the earlier has fallen behind the latter. The question of institutions producing employable graduates is on the rise as educational institutions fall back in their ability to do so. Harnessing developments and latest advances in technology to carve out efficient human capital could give education a surviving chance.
Data and Communication Infrastructure in Smart Grids
Authors: Recioui Abdelmadjid , Grainat Youcef
Published: November 2020

The communication infrastructure constitutes the key element in smart grids. There have been great advances to enhance the way data is communicated among the different smart grid applications. The aim of this chapter is to present the data communication part of the smart grid with some pioneering developments in this topic. A succinct review of the state of art projects to improve the communication link is presented. An illustrative simulation using LABVIEW is included with a proposed idea of introducing some newly technologies involved in the current and future generations of wireless communication systems.