bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensor gauge boson dark matter extension of the electroweak sector
Authors: Koorambas Elias
Published: July 2023

The existence of dark matter is explained by a new, massive, neutral, non-symmetric, rank-2 tensor gauge boson ($$\hbox {Z}_{{\upmu \upnu }}$$Zμν-boson). The$$\hbox {Z}_{{\upmu \upnu }}$$Zμν-boson can be predicted by the tensor gauge boson extension of the Electro Weak (EW) theory, proposed by Savvidy (Phys Lett B 625:341, 2005). The non-symmetric rank-2 tensor$$\hbox {Z}_{{\upmu \upnu }}$$Zμνcan be decomposed into a symmetric ($$\hbox {Z}_{{(\upmu \upnu )}})$$Z(μν))and anti-symmetric ($$\hbox {Z}_{{[\upmu \upnu ]}})$$Z[μν])part. Based on the non-Lagrangian formulation for the free sector of the$$\hbox {R}_{\textrm{2}}$$R2-theory proposed recently by Criado et al. (Phys Rev D 102:125031,arXiv:2010.02224, 2020), our massive anti-symmetric tensor field$$\hbox {Z}_{{[\upmu \upnu ]}}$$Z[μν]corresponds to the massive symmetric spinor field$$\hbox {Z}_{{\upalpha \upbeta \upgamma \updelta }}$$Zαβγδin the (2,0) irrep. For the massive$$\hbox {Z}_{{\upalpha \upbeta \upgamma \updelta }}$$Zαβγδwith the$$\hbox {Z}_{\textrm{2}}$$Z2-symmetric Higgs portal couplings to a Standard Model (SM) particle, we compute the self-annihilation cross-section of the$$\hbox {Z}_{{\upalpha \upbeta \upgamma \updelta }}$$Zαβγδdark matter and calculate its relic abundance. We also study the SM-SM particle scattering due to the exchange of the massive-$$\hbox {Z}_{{(\upmu \upnu )}}$$Z(μν)symmetric field at a high energy scale. This proposition may have far reaching applications in astrophysics and cosmology.
Hysteresis in a One-Dimensional 3-state Clock Model at Zero Temperature with Absorbing State
Authors: Syiem Elisheba , Kharwanlang R. S.
Published: July 2023

We employ probabilistic method to obtain exact solutions of the zero temperature hysteresis loops of a 3-state clock model with quenched random fields in the presence of an absorbing state and in the limit of zero frequency of the applied external field. We consider discrete random fields drawn from a uniform distribution and present exact solutions of the model in one dimension. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with the simulation data of the model.
Hydrogen Energy: Development Prospects, Current Obstacles and Policy Suggestions under China’s “Dual Carbon” Goals
Authors: SUN Zuoyu
Published: July 2023

Hydrogen energy has an advantage over conventional fossil energy because of its clean and low-carbon features, while its stability gives it an advantage over renewable energy sources such as hydropower, photovoltaic (PV) power, and wind power. Using hydrogen as a fuel can achieve zero carbon emissions or even net zero emissions at the end of energy conversion. Moreover, with hydrogen as the carrier, an energy system of multi-energy complementarity will be established by coupling multiple energy systems such as power grids, gas grids and heat networks, which can realize the comprehensive utilization of renewable energy sources in an efficient, stable, and flexible manner. Based on the “dual carbon” goals, this paper targets sectors with high carbon emissions represented by electric power, steel and transportation, analyzes the feasible path of using hydrogen energy to promote deep carbon reduction, and points out the obstacles faced by hydrogen energy development in various sectors. On account of the current development and expected prospects, this paper proposes that the current focus of hydrogen energy industry is to coordinate the development of industrial sectors and regions, build a pattern that can facilitate the industry’s systematic and concerted development, address key technical challenges (such as green hydrogen production or hydrogen storage and transportation via pipeline), improve industrial standards, and promote the industry’s development in a balanced, coordinated and orderly way.
HPTLC method development and quantification of marker compound eugenol in ayurvedic polyherbal formulations:Avipattikar churna
Authors: Jain Vishal , Sahu Umakant , Chauhan Nagendra Singh , Singh Parihar Arun K. , Karbhal K. S. , Inchulkar S. R.
Published: July 2023

The popularity and acceptance of ayurveda drugs are increasing day by day worldwide due to their low cost and no side effects. Due to high demand of herbal raw materials for the manufacturing of different classical as well as phytoformulation there is scope for adulteration of original drugs with chemically or physically resemble raw drugs. Standardization process conforms the identity, quality and purity of herbal drugs, which can be done by different procedures and by using sophisticated techniques. HPTLC method has advantages over other techniques due to its suitability for herbal drugs, low cost, reproducibility and it is easy to operate as well. An HPTLC method has been developed for the quality testing of Avipattikar churna (AVC) and to discriminate any kind of alteration in drugs composition.
Editorial: Games May Host the First Rightful AI Citizens
Authors: Mitchell Kenny
Published: July 2023

GAMES creatively take place in imaginative worlds informed by, but often not limited by, real-world challenges, and this advantageously provides an accelerated environment for innovation, where concepts and ideas can be explored unencumbered by physical or conventional restrictions. This editorial considers the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in GAMES in the context of emerging systems seemingly beginning to exhibit artificial general intelligence (AGI) and where there is much fertile ground to be found in synthetic constrained worlds to explore, understand, and prepare for its increasing presence in our lives.
Bias in Reinforcement Learning: A Review in Healthcare Applications
Authors: Smith Benjamin , Khojandi Anahita , Vasudevan Rama
Published: July 2023

Reinforcement learning (RL) can assist in medical decision making using patient data collected in electronic health record (EHR) systems. RL, a type of machine learning, can use these data to develop treatment policies. However, RL models are typically trained using imperfect retrospective EHR data. Therefore, if care is not taken in training, RL policies can propagate existing bias in healthcare. Literature that considers and addresses the issues of bias and fairness in sequential decision making are reviewed. The major themes to mitigate bias that emerge relate to (1) data management; (2) algorithmic design; and (3) clinical understanding of the resulting policies.
The pth Moment Exponential Synchronization of Drive-Response Memristor Neural Networks Subject to Stochastic Perturbations
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Wu Xuefei , Nie Zhe , Yan Zengxian
Published: July 2023

In this paper, thepthmoment exponential synchronization problems of drive-response stochastic memristor neural networks are studied via a state feedback controller. The dynamics of the memristor neural network are nonidentical, consisting of both asymmetrically nondelayed and delayed coupled, state-dependent, and subject to exogenous stochastic perturbations. The pth moment exponential synchronization of these drive-response stochastic memristor neural networks is guaranteed under some testable and computable sufficient conditions utilizing differential inclusion theory and Filippov regularization. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of our theoretical results are demonstrated through a numerical example.
Longitudinal Associations of Stressful Life Events with Non-suicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Wan Li-Peng , Yang Xiao-Fan , Liu Zhen-Zhen , Liu Bao-Peng , Zhang Ying-Ying , Liu Cai-Rui , Liu Xianchen , Jia Cun-Xian , Wang Xin-Ting
Published: July 2023

Objective. Little is known about the mechanism between stressful life events and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in Chinese adolescents. This study was to investigate the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the association between stressful life events and NSSI among Chinese adolescents. Methods. This study included a total of 7072 adolescents who participated in the one-year follow-up of Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to evaluate stressful life events, depressive symptoms, NSSI, and other variables in November-December 2015. One year later, a follow-up investigation was performed to evaluate participants’ depressive symptoms and NSSI. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to examine the relationship between stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and NSSI. Results. Of the sample, half were females and mean age was

14.58
±
1.46

. At baseline and one-year follow-up, the rate of NSSI was 19.4% and 8.8%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that stressful life events and depressive symptoms were positively associated with NSSI. Mediation analysis showed that depressive symptoms accounted for 17.70% of the relation between high stressful life events and NSSI at one-year follow-up after controlling for covariates. Limitation. All variables were collected based on self-report. Conclusions. The relationship between stressful life events and NSSI appears to be partially mediated by depressive symptoms. It is necessary to evaluate and intervene against depressive symptoms related to life stress for the prevention of NSSI.
Advanced Glycation End Products’ Receptor DNA Methylation Associated with Immune Infiltration and Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jun , Lin Mingqiang , Zhang Mengyan , Wang Zhiping , Lin Hancui , Yu Yilin , Zheng Qunhao , Chen Xiaohui , Wu Yahua , Yao Qiwei , Li Jiancheng
Published: July 2023

Background. Advanced glycation end products’ receptor (AGER) is a multiligand receptor that interacts with a wide range of ligands. Previous studies have shown that abnormal AGER expression is closely related to immune infiltration and tumorigenesis. However, the AGER DNA methylation relationship between prognosis and infiltrating immune cells in LUAD and LUSC is still unclear. Methods. AGER expression in pan-cancer was obtained by using the UALCAN databases. Kaplan–Meier plotter showed the correlation of AGER mRNA expression levels and clinicopathological parameters. The protein expression levels for AGER were derived from Human Protein Atlas Database Analysis. The copy number, somatic mutation, and DNA methylation of AGER were presented with UCSC Xena database. TIMER platform and TISIDB website were used to show the correlation between AGER expression and tumor immune cell infiltration level. Results. The expression level of AGER was significantly reduced in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Low expression of AGER was significantly correlated with histology, stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation and could be used as a potential indicator of poor prognosis of LUAD and LUSC. Moreover, AGER expression was positively correlated with the infiltrating immune cells. Further analysis showed that copy number variation (CNV), mutation, and DNA methylation were involved in AGER downregulation. In addition, we also found that hypermethylated AGER was significantly correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusion. AGER may be a candidate for the prognostic biomarker of LUAD and LUSC related to tumor immune microenvironment.
Knowledge and Attitudes regarding Temporomandibular Disorders among Postgraduate Dental Students and Practicing Dentists in Western China: A Questionnaire-Based Observational Investigation
Authors: Xiong Xin , Xiao Chuqiao , Zhou Xueman , Li Xiaojing , Wang Jun , Yi Yating
Published: July 2023

Background. It is necessary for dental students and dentists to apply their temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)-related knowledge to clinical practice. The current study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of postgraduate dental students and practicing dentists regarding etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of TMD in western China and thus provide suggestions on TMD curricula design to get postgraduate students and dentists better prepared for TMD diagnosis and treatment. Methods. This observational and descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among postgraduate students and practicing dentists in western China. Twenty-five reorganized knowledge questions in four domains were selected from the published literature and were evaluated with answer options from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree,” and “I don’t know.” “Consensus” is defined as more than 50% of respondents in a group agree or disagree with a statement. Chi-square tests were performed for comparisons between the two groups. Results. A total of 132 postgraduate dental students and 123 dentists completed the questionnaire. Around 75% of postgraduate students and 85% of dentists claimed that they have never participated in systematic training in TMD. Nine statements in etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of TMD had different consensus between the two groups. And the dentist group tended to agree more with 12 statements in the questionnaire. Conclusions. The majority of Chinese dentists and dental students have not taken any TMD courses and possess limited knowledge of TMD. Curriculum reform for predoctoral education, postgraduate education, and continuing education is needed to augment knowledge and skills for TMD diagnosis and treatment.
Lexical-Semantic Content, Not Syntactic Structure, Is the Main Contributor to ANN-Brain Similarity of fMRI Responses in the Language Network
Authors: Kauf Carina , Tuckute Greta , Levy Roger , Andreas Jacob , Fedorenko Evelina
Published: July 2023

Representations from artificial neural network (ANN) language models have been shown to predict human brain activity in the language network. To understand what aspects of linguistic stimuli contribute to ANN-to-brain similarity, we used an fMRI data set of responses to n = 627 naturalistic English sentences (Pereira et al., 2018) and systematically manipulated the stimuli for which ANN representations were extracted. In particular, we (i) perturbed sentences’ word order, (ii) removed different subsets of words, or (iii) replaced sentences with other sentences of varying semantic similarity. We found that the lexical-semantic content of the sentence (largely carried by content words) rather than the sentence’s syntactic form (conveyed via word order or function words) is primarily responsible for the ANN-to-brain similarity. In follow-up analyses, we found that perturbation manipulations that adversely affect brain predictivity also lead to more divergent representations in the ANN’s embedding space and decrease the ANN’s ability to predict upcoming tokens in those stimuli. Further, results are robust as to whether the mapping model is trained on intact or perturbed stimuli and whether the ANN sentence representations are conditioned on the same linguistic context that humans saw. The critical result—that lexical-semantic content is the main contributor to the similarity between ANN representations and neural ones—aligns with the idea that the goal of the human language system is to extract meaning from linguistic strings. Finally, this work highlights the strength of systematic experimental manipulations for evaluating how close we are to accurate and generalizable models of the human language network.
Asking the Obvious: Other-Repeats as Requests for Reconfirmation
Authors: Aldrup Marit
Published: July 2023

Co-participants may reproduce (part of) a prior speaker’s turn to various interactional ends. The focus here is on a specific subclass of sequence-initiating other-repeats, namely second sayings asking the original speaker to reconfirm what they just said. Such reconfirmation-seeking other-repeats have hardly been studied in their own right but typically either been treated in studies on repair initiations or ‘newsmarks’. In approaching these ostensibly different types of reconfirmation-seeking other-repeats collectively, this interactional-linguistic study reveals that the distinction between problem-indicating – and thus, in a broad sense, repair-implicated – and newsmarking other-repeats is gradual rather than binary. Drawing on video recordings of informal German and English face-to-face conversations as data, it further shows that co-occurring multimodal marking may contribute to enhancing action recognisability and displaying (dis)affiliation and that the study’s findings may be relevant across languages.
The influence of culture conditions on the growth and biochemical composition of an algal feed for juvenile greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata)
Authors:   The University of Western Australia, M090 Botany, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, W.A. 6009 Australia, WATSON D. , DAUME S. ,   Department of Fisheries, Research Division, PO Box 20 North Beach, W.A. 6920 Australia, PRINCE J. ,   The University of Western Australia, M092 Zoology, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, W.A. 6009 Australia, BEAZLEY L. ,   The University of Western Australia, M092 Zoology, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, W.A. 6009 Australia, KNOTT B. ,   The University of Western Australia, M092 Zoology, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, W.A. 6009 Australia
Published: July 2023

The diatom Navicula jeffreyi was cultured in seawater media of low, standard or high nitrate content (2.47, 12.35 and 24.71 mg NO3-N L-1, respectively) in high (22 ± 3 mol photons/m2/s) and low (4.7 ± 0.8 mol photons/m2/s) light conditions. The growth, survival and grazing rates of juvenile Haliotis laevigata Donovan, 1808 were monitored in response to the density and biochemical composition of N. jeffreyi cultured in each of the six treatments. Navicula jeffreyi Hallegraeff et Burford grown in high light had a proportionally lower protein content and a higher carbohydrate and fat content (22 ± 0.6%; 17.6 ± 1.5%; 7.5 ± 0.7%, respectively) compared to the content of diatoms grown in low light (30 ± 0.6%; 14.3 ± 2.5%; 4.7 ± 1%, respectively). Under low light, the carbohydrate content of N. jeffreyi was marginally higher in low nitrate treatments (17%) compared to standard (14%) and high (12%) nitrate. Juveniles grazed a larger number of diatoms when the protein content of the diatoms was low, possibly compensating for the lower protein levels. In high light, dense N. jeffreyi biofilms produced elevated pH levels which most likely resulted in the mortality of a large number of juvenile H. laevigata. This study indicates that changes in light intensity and nitrate concentration under which the diatom N. jeffreyi were cultured, affected the growth, survival and grazing rates of juvenile H. laevigata.
A new species of Parablechnum (Blechnaceae) with prostrate leaves
Authors: MURILLO-A. JOSÉ , TRIANA-MORENO LUZ A.
Published: July 2023

Parablechnum prostratum, a new species with dimorphic leaves from southern Colombia, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by featuring prostrate sterile leaves, a unique character within the genus. Morphological similarities and resemblances to other species of Parablechnum are discussed.
Surveillance Methods Used to Detect, Characterize, and Monitor the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rocky Mountain Tribal Communities
Authors: Dobrinen Erin , Moser Lea , White David , Alquwayfili Sulaiman , Bingham Dyani , Tesfai Helen
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Data were essential to public health decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet no single data source was adequate for Tribes in Montana and Wyoming. We outlined data access, availability, and limitations for COVID-19 pandemic surveillance response to improve future data exchange.

Materials and Methods:

The Rocky Mountain Tribal Epidemiology Center (RMTEC) used various data sources to deliver data on the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and vaccinations at local, state, and regional levels to inform Tribes in Montana and Wyoming. RMTEC reviewed state, federal, and public datasets and then attached a score to each dataset for completeness of demographic information, including race, geographic level, and refresh rate.

Results:

The RMTEC COVID-19 response team shared data weekly on the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and vaccinations distributed and the percentage of the population vaccinated with Tribal health departments in Montana and Wyoming. The Indian Health Service Epidemiology Data Mart dataset scored the highest (24 of 30), followed by datasets from Montana (18 of 30) and Wyoming (22 of 30). Publicly available datasets scored low largely due to data aggregation across larger geographic areas and lack of demographic variables.

Practice Implications:

The absence of data on race and ethnicity from publicly available data and lack of access to real-time data limited RMTEC’s ability to provide Tribal-specific updates on COVID-19 cases, deaths, and vaccinations to Tribal health departments. RMTEC should be fully funded to provide the necessary resources for data management and the capacity to respond to data requests from Tribal health departments and their programs to address current and future pandemics. Federal and state agencies should also be educated on Tribal Epidemiology Centers’ public health authority status to improve access to infectious disease data among those agencies.
Fostering Employee Customer-Oriented Boundary Spanning Behaviors: The Role of Inclusive Leadership
Authors: Wang Zhao , Ye Yijiao , Huang Qixing , Liu Xinyu , Fan Yurong
Published: July 2023

Frontline service employees (FSEs)’ customer-oriented boundary spanning behaviors (COBSBs) are prosocial behaviors adapted to the job requirements and work environment of customer service personnel. It is a significant strategic imperative for achieving excellent performance in the tourism organizations. Building on social exchange theory, this study uncovered that inclusive leadership motivates FSEs’ COBSBs. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis with time-lagged data, we find that inclusive leadership promotes FSEs’ COBSBs by enhancing their felt obligations. Moreover, the need for affiliation enhances the direct effect that inclusive leadership has on felt obligations and its indirect effect on FSEs’ COBSBs via felt obligations.
Application of nanoparticles in modified polybenzimidazole-based high temperature proton exchange membranes
Authors: Rony Farzana , Lou Jianzhong , Ilias Shamsuddin
Published: July 2023

Polymeric proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are vital components of fuel cells, as they enable the transport of protons while preventing the crossover of fuel and oxidant gases. However, conventional PEMs have limitations such as low use temperature, low proton conductivity, and poor mechanical and thermal stability. Various types of nanoparticles have been investigated to modify PEMs to overcome these limitations, as they can increase proton conductivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Metal oxides such as SiO2 and TiO2 have been shown to improve the proton conductivity and mechanical properties of PEMs. Carbon-based materials such as graphene oxide have been found to enhance both the proton conductivity and thermal stability of PEMs. The use of nanoparticles in modified polymeric PEMs for fuel cells shows excellent potential for improving the performance and durability of fuel cells. Future research should focus on developing cost-effective and scalable methods for nanoparticle synthesis and incorporation into PEMs. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is the most widely studied high-temperature polymer for preparing composite PEMs. This review provides the recent development of PBI composite PEMs modified with different types of nanoparticles.
State of health confidence estimation for lithium-ion battery based on probabilistic ensemble learning
Authors: Wang Rui , Song Chunyue , Chen Sikai , Zhao Jun
Published: July 2023

Uncertainties in a battery would result in unreliable state of health (SOH) estimation. Considering the greater risk after reaching the end of life (EOL), designing a suitable ensemble learning to provide early warning before reaching EOL with uncertainty measurement is desirable for confidence estimation. In this paper, a novel probabilistic ensemble learning method-Gaussian process-based neural networks is proposed for the SOH confidence estimation by describing the uncertainties in probabilistic form. First, different neural networks are built based on health features. Second, battery data are classified under the recovery of capacity and normal operation conditions to characterize the uncertainties of the data under different operation conditions. Besides, the Gaussian process-based neural networks method is constructed based on the data from different conditions for neural networks weighted ensemble with the probabilistic form of Gaussian distribution. Therefore, the uncertainties are measured in the probabilistic form considering different operation conditions which is different from other methods. With the probabilistic form, the confidence interval could be determined to ensure the real SOH within the confidence interval, which improves the estimation performance of the proposed method because of the early warning near the EOL. Finally, the effectiveness is validated by NASA data sets and our experiment with the commercial 18650 lithium-ion battery. From the results, the mean error is less than 1% and real SOH is within the confidence interval.
A retrospective study of pathologic findings in cephalopods (extant subclasses: Coleoidea and Nautiloidea) under laboratory and aquarium management
Authors: Rich Andrew F. , Denk Daniela , Sangster Cheryl R. , Stidworthy Mark F.
Published: July 2023

This retrospective study examines pathologic findings in 593 captive cephalopods (340 octopuses, 130 cuttlefish, 33 squid, and 90 nautiluses; 22 species in total) submitted to International Zoo Veterinary Group Pathology between May 2003 and August 2022. Common octopus, European common cuttlefish, hummingbird bobtail squid, and chambered nautilus were the most numerous species from the included orders of Octopoda, Sepiida, Sepiolida, and Nautilida, respectively. Commonly identified conditions included coccidiosis and renal dicyemid mesozoan infection in octopuses, amebiasis in squid, bacterial infections in cuttlefish, and idiopathic multisystemic inflammatory disease in nautiluses. Coccidiosis was most frequent in common octopuses, giant Pacific octopuses, and California 2-spot octopuses (present in 68.4%, 46.3%, and 23.8% of these species, respectively) and was the attributed cause of death in 32.3%, 36.0%, and 60.0% of such cases, respectively. Ulcerative dermatitis (UD) was common, affecting squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, while many nautiluses exhibited black shell disease and/or UD. Notable differences in the prevalence of UD were detected between laboratory and aquaria-housed decapodiforms; 52.2% for laboratory squid versus 20.0% in aquaria; 51.3% in laboratory cuttlefish versus 11.0% in aquaria. All octopuses and nautiluses in the study were derived from aquaria. Semelparity-associated death in Coleoidea species was identified in 22.4% of octopuses, 11.5% of cuttlefish, and 6.1% of squid. This report aims to provide an overview and reassessment of species-specific disease patterns under aquarium and laboratory management as a starting point for future developments in husbandry and disease investigation.
Explainable Algorithm to Predict Passenger Flow at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
Authors: Viaña Javier , Cohen Kelly , Saunders Stephen , Marx Naashom , Cobb Brian
Published: July 2023

We present an algorithm for the prediction of the incoming passengers at the airport’s security checkpoint with a resolution of 15 min for 2 weeks following the day of the prediction. This is characterized not only for its performance but also from its explainability in the outcomes. The algorithm has been integrated successfully at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG) for daily passenger predictions, which ultimately equipped the airport managers with information to perform a data-driven deployment of the necessary airport resources. These range from tailored Transportation Security Administration (TSA) officer schedules and staff allocation to surveillance and supervision tasks. Some of the indirect consequences of this technology are congestion avoidance, the improvement of overall security at the airport facilities, the reduction of the waiting times, and the enhancement of the passenger experience.
Gross Motor Function in Pediatric Onset TUBB4A-Related Leukodystrophy: GMFM-88 Performance and Validation of GMFC-MLD in TUBB4A
Authors: Gavazzi Francesco , Patel Virali , Charsar Brittany , Glanzman Allan , Erler Jacqueline , Sevagamoorthy Anjana , McKenzie Emma , Kornafel Tracy , Ballance Elizabeth , Pierce Samuel R. , Teng Michelle , Formanowski Brielle , Woidill Sarah , Shults Justine , Wassmer Evangeline , Tonduti Davide , Magrinelli Francesca , Bernard Geneviève , Van Der Knaap Marjo , Wolf Nicole , Adang Laura , Vanderver Adeline
Published: July 2023

TUBB4A pathogenic variants are associated with a spectrum of neurologic impairments including movement disorders and leukodystrophy. With the development of targeted therapies, there is an urgent unmet need for validated tools to measure mobility impairment. Our aim is to explore gross motor function in a pediatric-onset TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy cohort with existing gross motor outcome tools. Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS-ER), and Gross Motor Function Classification-Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (GMFC-MLD) were selected through face validity. Subjects with a confirmed clinical and molecular diagnosis of TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy were enrolled. Participants’ sex, age, genotype, and age at disease onset were collected, together with GMFM-88 and concurrent GMFCS-ER and GMFC-MLD. Performances on each measure were compared. GMFM-88 floor effect was defined as total score below 20%. A total of 35 subjects participated. Median performance by GMFM-88 was 16.24% (range 0-97.31), with 42.9% (n = 15) of individuals performing above the floor. GMFM-88 Dimension A (Lying and Rolling) was the best-performing dimension in the GMFM-88 (n = 29 above the floor). All levels of the Classification Scales were represented, with the exception of the GMFC-MLD level 0. Evaluation by GMFM-88 was strongly correlated with the Classification Scales (Spearman correlations: GMFCS-ER:GMFM-88 r = 0.90; GMFC-MLD:GMFM-88 r = 0.88; GMFCS-ER:GMFC-MLD: r = 0.92). Despite overall observation of a floor effect, the GMFM-88 is able to accurately capture the performance of individuals with attenuated phenotypes. GMFM-88 Dimension A shows no floor effect. GMFC-MLD shows a strong correlation with GMFCS-ER and GMFM-88, supporting its use as an age-independent functional score in TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy.
On the Domestication of Queer Within Social Work: Reflections from One Queer Social Work Instructor/Student
Authors: Fonseca Erica
Published: July 2023

Queer has existed in academia since the late twentieth century and has developed into a prominent theoretical orientation and subject of academic inquiry. Although queer theory originates within critical spheres of the humanities, social work has tepidly adopted it and subsequently domesticated it. This paper considers what might be dangerous about a tamed, academic queerness. Equally, what might be exciting for social work about a combative and wholly unknowable version of queer.
The Role of Sexting on the Perception of Image-Based Sexual Abuse
Authors: Rollero Chiara , Teresi Manuel , Pagliaro Stefano
Published: July 2023

Gender-based violence is a widespread phenomenon that significantly impacts many women around the world. Among the different forms that it might take, image-based sexual abuse represents one of the most common forms nowadays. According to the literature, sexting—the sharing of sexually explicit messages or images—is one of the most important risk factors for image-based sexual abuse because sexts can be forwarded or published without the authorization of the originator. Nevertheless, sexting can play a role in sexual and relational development and serve as a first step in experimenting with sexual contact in real life. In this study ( N = 603 from the general population), we examined the relations between people’s beliefs about sexting, attitudes toward it, and sexting behavior on the one hand, and reactions to a situation of nonconsensual dissemination of sexts on the other hand. Results showed that social pressure exerted by peers and partners to sext was associated with both positive attitudes toward sexting and sexting behaviors. Attitudes toward sexting, then, have a spillover effect on the reactions toward a victim of nonconsensual dissemination of sexts, in terms of empathy, victim blaming, and affective reactions. Implications for both research and policymaking regarding this form of gender-based violence are discussed.
Electronic Monitoring of Mom’s Schedule (eMOMSTM): A Qualitative Study of Experiences in a Lifestyle Change Program with Lactation Support
Authors: Jacobson Lisette T. , Bakhache Nathalie , Dowling Jolynn , Okut Hayrettin , Zackula Rosey , Robbins David C. , Stern Judy E. , Grainger David A. , Befort Christie
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To elicit feedback from participants who completed the eMOMSTM study, a feasibility randomized controlled trial (NCT04021602), on their perceptions of program strengths and weaknesses.

Study Design

Qualitative - Semi-structured, telephone interview guide using open-ended questions.

Setting

Rural Great Plains state, United States.

Participants

Of 26 individuals who completed the eMOMSTM study, 24 consented to an interview.

Method

Interviews were completed between October 2020 and May 2021. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and organized in Microsoft 365. Data were analyzed using an exploratory, inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Participants’ mean age was 27.5 (± 5.4) years and mean pre-pregnancy BMI was 29.5 kg/m2 (± 2.7). The majority (71%) were non-Hispanic White and 54% had a high school education/some college. Based on specific areas of inquiry, the following themes emerged: convenience of online program access using Facebook, importance of health coach’s support and online interaction, positivity toward improving one’s health, increased consciousness of health behaviors, diverse lactation educational needs, importance of educational materials on depression, and grief over the loss of birth expectations during COVID-19.

Conclusion

Findings suggest participants’ perceived value of a lifestyle change program coupled with lactation education and support delivered using social media. Findings inform future studies to further adapt lifestyle change programs.
Lessons learned from U.S. rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation programs
Authors: Doshi Rupali K. , Hull Shawnika , Broun Aaron , Boyani Saanjh , Moch Darryl! , Visconti Adam J. , Castel Amanda D. , Baral Stefan , Colasanti Jonathan , Rodriguez Allan E. , Jones Joyce , Coffey Susa , Monroe Anne K.
Published: July 2023

Background

Rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation (R-ART) for treatment of HIV has been recommended since 2017, however it has not been adopted widely across the US.

Purpose

The study purpose was to understand facilitators and barriers to R-ART implementation in the U.S.

Research Design

This was a qualitative design involving semi-structured interviews.

Study Sample

The study sample was comprised of the medical leadership of nine US HIV clinics that were early implementers of R-ART.

Data Collection and Analysis

In-depth, semi-structured interviews were performed. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to guide thematic analysis.

Results

We identified three main content areas: strong scientific rationale for R-ART, buy-in from multiple key stakeholders, and the condensed timeline of R-ART. The CFIR construct of Evidence Strength and Quality was cited as an important factor in R-ART implementation. Buy-in from key stakeholders and immediate access to medications ensured the success of R-ART implementation. Patient acceptance of the condensed timeline for ART initiation was facilitated when presented in a patient-centered manner, including empathetic communication and addressing other patient needs concurrently. The condensed timeline of R-ART presented logistical challenges and opportunities for the development of intense patient-provider relationships.

Conclusions

Results from the analysis showed that R-ART implementation should address the following: 1) logistical planning to implement HIV treatment with a condensed timeline 2) patients’ mixed reactions to a new HIV diagnosis and 3) the high cost of HIV medications.
Painful Granulomatous Hashimoto Thyroiditis Uncovered Systemic Histoplasmosis
Authors: Polster Nicholas , Yocum Bianca Puello , Lavik John-Paul , Mesa Hector
Published: July 2023

Background. Granulomatous thyroiditis is usually viral and very rarely due to fungal infection. Fungal thyroiditis affects the severely immunocompromised and only rarely immunocompetent individuals. Case report. A 32-year-old man with known Hashimoto thyroiditis was consulted for a 1-week history of neck pain, dysphagia, cough, asthenia, loss of appetite, and night sweats. Imaging showed an enlarged right thyroid lobe. Laboratory studies confirmed hypothyroidism. He underwent a thyroid lobectomy. Microscopic examination showed granulomas in a background of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Silver stain revealed numerous yeasts consistent with Histoplasma. Subsequent serology was also positive. Further evaluations were negative for acquired or constitutional immunodeficiencies. He was started on oral itraconazole with resolution of all constitutional symptoms. Conclusions. We report a second case of concurrent Hashimoto and Histoplasma thyroiditis in an immunocompetent patient. Systemic manifestations of fungal infection are confounded by systemic symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. Fungal thyroiditis is a manifestation of systemic fungal infection requiring prolonged systemic therapy to prevent complications or fatal outcomes.
Lack of FOS/FOSB Gene Rearrangements in Ischemic Fasciitis Indicates Distinct Pathogenesis from Proliferative Fasciitis and Proliferative Myositis
Authors: Zilla Megan L. , Naous Rana , John Ivy
Published: July 2023

Ischemic fasciitis is a pseudosarcomatous fibroblastic/myofibroblastic proliferation that shares several overlapping morphological features with proliferative fasciitis and proliferative myositis. Prompted by a recent study that demonstrated FOS gene rearrangements in proliferative fasciitis and proliferative myositis, suggesting that these lesions likely represent examples of “transient neoplasia,” we examined a cohort of ischemic fasciitis for similar events. Nine cases of ischemic fasciitis were retrieved from our institutional archives for diagnosis verification, immunostaining for FOSB, and fluorescence in situ hybridization using validated FOS and FOSB break-apart probes. Additionally, RNAseq was performed on a subset of cases. In our cohort, eight out of nine cases of ischemic fasciitis were positive for FOSB IHC, but FISH studies were consistently negative for FOSB and FOS gene rearrangements in all cases. Additionally, RNA sequencing did not detect any gene fusions. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of ischemic fasciitis is distinct from that of proliferative fasciitis and proliferative myositis.
Primary Adrenal Epithelioid Angiosarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Parisi Xenia , Peric Masa , Bennett Andrew E. , Al-Ibraheemi Alyaa , Sun Yue
Published: July 2023

Primary adrenal angiosarcomas are exceedingly rare with a rapidly progressive clinical course and a poor outcome. Establishing the diagnosis can be challenging, and it is complicated by the fact that there are no characteristic clinical or imaging features that are pathognomonic for angiosarcoma. Histologically, they can overlap with other more commonly encountered adrenal tumors. Herein, we present an otherwise healthy 41-year-old woman diagnosed with a primary adrenal epithelioid angiosarcoma. We aim to expand the knowledge of the sparse literature existing on primary adrenal angiosarcomas to help better understand the diagnostic features, clinical behavior, and management of these rare tumors.
Synovial Lipomatosis: Histopathologic Features in a Series of Five Cases
Authors: AbdullGaffar Badr , Keloth Tasnim , Abdulrahim Manal
Published: July 2023

Synovial lipomatosis is a controversial entity of uncommon intraarticular joint lesions. Most studies focused on radiological findings and surgical resection modalities. Pathologic findings were limited to case reports. Detailed descriptions of the histopathologic features are lacking. We aim to highlight the salient histopathologic features of synovial lipomatosis. We performed a retrospective review study over 15 years retrieving cases of synovial lipomatosis. We found 5 patients (age range: 8-78, average age: 50 years, male to female ratio: 4:1) demonstrating unilateral synovial lipomatosis out of 241 (2.0%) patients with knee joint lesions. Four patients had osteoarthritis. One patient was obese. The resected specimens showed synovial hyperplasia, surface fibrin, hemosiderin pigment, microcalcifications, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, lymphoid aggregates, stromal fibrotic, degenerative, and metaplastic alterations shared by other synovitis related changes. Consistent features included abundant adipocytic components, surface adipocytes, prominent large vessel vasculatures, plasma cells, and dense perivascular lymphocytic cuff-like infiltrates. One patient demonstrated superimposed sarcoid-type epithelioid granulomas. A distinct fibrous band separated the lesional tissue from the underlying normal fatty tissue. Synovial lipomatosis predominates in older males with degenerative joint conditions with a second peak in children and adolescents. Obesity is not a risk factor. Some histopathologic features help distinguish synovial lipomatosis from look-alike joint lesions. The findings may suggest an angiolipomatous hamartomatous growth or an exaggerated synovial reaction inducing florid subsynovial stromal proliferative, metaplastic, and degenerative changes. Regardless of its etiopathogenesis, pathologists have a role in confirming the diagnosis and ensuring a complete arthroscopic synovectomy by assessing the presence of the fibrous septa.
How the Invisible Becomes Visible: The Lived Experience of Economic Abuse in Heterosexual Relationships
Authors: Wilson Brianna , Zawitkowski Sonia , Weiss Sophie , Docherty Lieran , Barata Paula C.
Published: July 2023

The invisible nature of economic abuse contributes to its pervasiveness. Through interviews with 14 women survivors in Canada, this study identifies the ways in which economic abuse is (in)visible to survivors. There were three major themes: “Constructing and maintaining the fairy-tale” describes how gender roles and ideas of love concealed abuse. “The normalization of financial problems in heterosexual relationships” examines how disagreements about money were normalized in ways that masked abuse. “Recognizing economic abuse” describes how breaking away from expectations was critical to recognition. These findings can aid in improving support to help survivors identify, avoid, and escape economic abuse.
Some models for initially stressed and initially strained structurally anisotropic incompressible materials
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we determine the constitutive relations for structurally anisotropic materials from a reference with initial strain or initial stress. Using reference independence of strain energy density, we first deduce the relationship of various initial strain measures with material symmetry and determine the resulting structural tensors. We use these structural tensors to derive the necessary invariants for initially strained materials. We also Examine the polyconvexity of the derived invariants and determine constitutive relations for the initially strained Ogden model. Next, we determine the constitutive relation for a combination of initial stress-texture symmetry which may be a more popular approach of recent interest. We deduce four reference-independent constitutive relations for initially stressed transversely isotropic incompressible materials. The first two strain energy functions are linear in the left Cauchy stretch and its cofactor, respectively, in the stress-free state. In the absence of initial stress, the third strain energy function involves all standard invariants for transversely isotropy. To deduce this strain energy in the presence of initial stress, we invert a fourth-order tensor and perform several involved tensor calculations. Finally, we obtain the constitutive relation for an initially stressed transversely isotropic limited chain extensible (LCE) model. To determine the initial stretch in the preferred texture direction in terms of initial stress, we utilize the geometrical interpretation of the Almansi strain measure.
Brolucizumab for recalcitrant macular neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with pigment epithelial detachment
Authors: Chronopoulos Argyrios , Huynh Elisa , Ashurov Agharza , Schutz James S , Jonas Jost B , Hattenbach Lars-Olof
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To analyze anatomic and functional response to intravitreal brolucizumab in age-related macular degeneration recalcitrant to previous intravitreal anti-VEGF therapies.

Methods

In this monocentric, one arm, retrospective study, eyes affected by neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) resistant to other intravitreally injected anti-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors were switched to intravitreal brolucizumab. All patients underwent ophthalmological examinations at baseline and in regular follow-up intervals. Best registered visual acuity (BRVA), Goldmann tonometry, intraocular pressure (IOP), central retinal thickness (CRT) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) characteristics were analyzed at initiation of anti-VEGF treatment, at treatment switch, and at the end of brolucizumab loading phase.

Results

The study included 20 eyes of 18 consecutively treated patients (age: 77 ± 6 years). All eyes had macular neovascularization with PED. Previous treatments included intravitreal aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab and had not resulted in a significant improvement in BRVA (0.5 ± 0.5 logMAR vs 0.5 ± 0.6 logMAR) or mean CRT (320 ± 60 µm vs 313 ± 83 µm) up to treatment switch to brolucizumab. At the end of the brolucizumab loading phase, there was significant improvement for both BRVA (0.3 ± 0.2 logMAR, P < 0.05) and CRT (264 ± 55 µm, P < 0.05). Under previous anti-VEGF therapy, there was a significant increase/deterioration in both PED area (2.68 mm2 to 5.18 mm2, P < 0.05) and PED volume (0.39 mm3 to 1.07 mm3, P < 0.05); however, both parameters improved after switching to brolucizumab (3.81 mm2 and 0.37 mm3, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our results suggest a favourable anatomical and visual response after treatment switch to brolucizumab in patients with nAMD refractory to previous anti-VEGF agents.