bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Fluorinated Vinylstannanes with Organic Halides.
Authors: Zine Khalid , Petrignet Julien , Delaye Pierre‐Olivier , Carcenac Yvan , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Abarbri Mohamed
Published: June 2016

The Cu‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of β‐stannylated alkenoate (I) having a trifluoromethyl group with a variety of organyl bromides and iodides is presented to give 3‐substituted‐3‐trifluoromethylacrylates with a clean olefinic configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Michael Addition/Retro‐Claisen Condensation of Aromatic β‐Diketones with α,β‐Unsaturated Esters: An Approach to Obtain 1,5‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Cai Gui‐Xin , Wen Jing , Lai Ting‐Ting , Xie Dan , Zhou Cheng‐He
Published: June 2016

This cascade process involves C—C bond cleavage of aromatic β‐diketones as phenacyl donors under alcoholic alkalescent conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide‐Catalyzed Oxyfunctionalization of 1,3‐Diketones, Acetoacetic Esters, and Malonates by Oxidative C—O Coupling with Malonyl Peroxides.
Authors: Terent'ev Alexander O. , Vil' Vera A. , Gorlov Evgenii S. , Nikishin Gennady I. , Pivnitsky Kasimir K. , Adam Waldemar
Published: June 2016

The used peroxides act both as oxidant and reagent for the C—O coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—PdCl2—(Iso)quinoline Complexes and Their Application in Arylamination at Low Catalyst Loadings.
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhu Yi‐Ran , Song Lu‐Gan , Lu Jian‐Mei
Published: June 2016

Four new palladium(II) complexes of N‐heterocyclic carbenes and (iso)quinoline, e.g. PDQ, are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Cobalt Catalyst for Secondary and Tertiary Amide Synthesis from Various Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Kim Se Eun , Hahm Hyungwoo , Kim Suyeon , Jang Wonseok , Jeon Byunghoon , Kim Youngjo , Kim Min
Published: June 2016

Aromatic aldehydes (I), aldoximes (VI), nitriles (VII), amides (VIII), and esters (IX) are converted into benzamides by reaction with primary or secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Insertion of Aldehydes into Dihalonitroacetophenones via Sequential Bond Scission‐Aldol Reaction‐Acyl Transfer.
Authors: Ding Ransheng , Wolf Christian
Published: June 2016

In situ cleavage of dihalonitroacetophenones affords nitronates, which undergo Lewis acid‐catalyzed addition to aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Modular Synthesis of N‐Benzotriazole Ureas Using Alkylation of 5‐Nitrobenzotriazole.
Authors: Machara Ales , Konvalinka Jan , Kotora Martin
Published: June 2016

Various alkyl‐amino‐benzotriazoles obtained by reduction of the corresponding nitro compounds are used as starting materials for the synthesis of urea derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Fluorenones via Decarboxylative Cyclization.
Authors: Cai Zhiqiang , Hou Xu , Hou Ling , Hu Zhiquan , Zhang Bo , Jin Zhengsheng
Published: June 2016

The reaction works with 1,1′‐biphenyl‐2‐carboxylic acids only.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hydrazinoheterocycles from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts of Nitroalkenes with Azodicarboxylates.
Authors: Mane Vaijinath , Pandey Jyoti , Ayyagari Narasihmam , Dey Chandan , Kale Raju , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: June 2016

A [3 + 2] annulation of hydrazinonitroalkenes, formed under Morita—Baylis—Hillman conditions, with naphthols involving Michael addition and cyclization as the key steps leads to arenodihydrofurans bearing a hydrazinodicarboxylate moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Bromocyclization of Allylic Amides with a P/P=O Double‐Site Lewis Base Catalyst.
Authors: Kawato Yuji , Ono Hiromi , Kubota Akino , Nagao Yoshihiro , Morita Naoki , Egami Hiromichi , Hamashima Yoshitaka
Published: June 2016

The role of the BINAP monoxide catalyst in the enantioselective bromocyclization of allylic amides affording enantioenriched oxazolines is examined in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: H‐Bond‐Directing Organocatalyst for Enantioselective [4 + 2] Cycloadditions via Dienamine Catalysis.
Authors: Wang Shoulei , Rodriguez‐Escrich Carles , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: June 2016

An efficient, highly regio‐ and stereoselective approach for the synthesis of tetrahydropyranopyrazole frameworks with three contiguous stereocenters utilizing an organocatalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of alkylidenepyrazolones (I) with enals is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium Chloride Catalyzed One‐Pot Three Component Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Piperdines under Solvent Free Using Ultrasound Condition and Grinding Condition.
Authors: Kulkarni Pramod
Published: June 2016

CaCl2 is found to mediate the synthesis of the title piperidines in the one‐pot multicomponent reaction of various benzaldehydes, aniline, and ethyl acetoacetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Access to 2‐(Hetero)arylated Pyridines from 6‐Substituted 2‐Bromopyridines via Phosphine‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Arylations: The Importance of the C6 Substituent.
Authors: Hagui Wided , Besbes Neji , Srasra Ezzeddine , Soule Jean‐Francois , Doucet Henri
Published: June 2016

An environmentally benign C—H bond activation/arylation of 5‐membered heterocycles or electron‐deficient arenes with 6‐substituted 2‐bromopyridines provides 2‐(hetero)arylpyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihydrodibenzo[b,h][1,6]naphthyridines via Copper Bromide Catalyzed Intramolecular [4 + 2] Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Muthukrishnan Isravel , Vinoth Perumal , Vivekanand Thavaraj , Nagarajan Subbiah , Maheswari C. Uma , Menendez J. Carlos , Sridharan Vellaisamy
Published: June 2016

Compounds (VII) and (IX) are also successfully obtained by using this strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO Prompted Tandem and Multicomponent Synthetic Protocol of Pyrano[2,3‐a]acridines.
Authors: Satheeshkumar Rajendran , Kaminsky Werner , Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra
Published: June 2016

Title compounds (IV) are conveniently and efficiently synthesized via three‐component reaction under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Imidazo[1,2‐α]pyridines.
Authors: Li Ke , Zhu Xinju , Lu Shuai , Zhou Xin‐Xue , Xu Yan , Hao Xin‐Qi , Song Mao‐Ping
Published: June 2016

This environmentally benign approach to 3‐(2‐nitro‐1‐arylethyl)‐2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines has a wide functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylboration of Bicyclic Alkenes.
Authors: Yang Kai , Song Qiuling
Published: June 2016

The arylboration of norbornene and norbornadiene is readily achieved with aryl halides and (Bpin)2 in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Salaterpene E, a Eudesmane‐Type Sesquiterpene from Salacia longipes var. camerunensis.
Authors: Mba'ning Brice Mitt�rant , Ndjakou Bruno Lenta , Talontsi Ferdinand Mouafo , Lannang Alain Meli , Dittrich Birger , Ngouela Silv�re Augustin , Tsamo Etienne , Sewald Norbert , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: June 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of salaterpene E (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaloids from Oxytropis ochrocephala and Antiproliferative Activity of Sophoridine Derivatives Against Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Tan Cheng‐jian , Zhao Yu , Goto Masuo , Hsieh Kan‐Yen , Yang Xiao‐ming , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Liu Li‐na , Zhao Bao‐yu , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung
Published: June 2016

Ten known alkaloids are isolated from Oxytropis ochrocephala with sophoridine (I) as the most abundant component.
ChemInform Abstract: Intercalation in Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Jung Yeonwoong , Zhou Yu , Cha Judy J.
Published: June 2016

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Assembly: A Dive into the Pecking Order and Applied Aspects of Multitalented Metallomacrocycles
Authors: Chaudhary Ashu , Rawat Ekta
Published: June 2016

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Switchable Copper‐Nitroxide‐Based Molecular Magnets: An Indispensable Tool for Intriguing Systems
Authors: Fedin Matvey V. , Veber Sergey L. , Bagryanskaya Elena G. , Ovcharenko Victor I.
Published: June 2016

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review: Graphene‐Supported Coordination Complexes and Organometallics: Properties and Applications
Authors: Kharisov Boris I. , Kharissova Oxana V. , Vazquez Dimas Alejandro , Gomez De La Fuente Idalia , Pena Mendez Yolanda
Published: June 2016

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Organic Frameworks: Engineering Periodicity in Water Through Host—Guest Chemistry
Authors: Tian Jia , Chen Lan , Zhang Dan‐Wei , Liu Yi , Li Zhan‐Ting
Published: June 2016

Review: [56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymethine Dyes in Hybrid Photovoltaics: Structure—Properties Relationships
Authors: Saccone Davide , Galliano Simone , Barbero Nadia , Quagliotto Pierluigi , Viscardi Guido , Barolo Claudia
Published: June 2016

Review: summary of design strategies, the main synthetic routes, and the optical and photovoltaic properties of cyanine and squaraine sensitizers applied in photovoltaics; 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Ligand‐Containing Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Demir Selvan , Jeon Ie‐Rang , Long Jeffrey R. , Harris T. David
Published: June 2016

Review: 372 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene and Its Electrochemistry — An Update
Authors: Ambrosi Adriano , Chua Chun Kiang , Latiff Naziah Mohamad , Loo Adeline Huiling , Wong Colin Hong An , Eng Alex Yong Sheng , Bonanni Alessandra , Pumera Martin
Published: June 2016

Review: 248 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Developments in Spin Labels for Pulsed Dipolar EPR
Authors: Fielding Alistair J. , Concilio Maria Grazia , Heaven Graham , Hollas Michael A.
Published: June 2016

Review: 152 refs.
A Comparative Study on the Luminescence of the Cd2+ and Mn2+ Coordination Polymers Based on the Same Mixed Ligands
Authors: Wu Zhaofeng , Huang Xiaoying
Published: June 2016

Presented here is the solvothermal preparation of two luminescent coordination polymers (L‐CPs) based on the same mixed ligands, namely [Cd2(1,4‐NDC)2(dppe)] (1) and [Mn3(OH)2(1,4‐NDC)2(dppe)(H2O)] (2) (1,4‐NDCH2=1,4‐naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, dppe=1,3‐di(4‐pyridyl)propane). Both the title compounds feature a neutral three‐dimensional (3D) network. Photoluminescence (PL) studies indicated that the compound 1 based on d10 Cd2+ exhibited dual emissions with tunable intensities that could result in direct white‐light emission based on the intraligand charge transfer (LLCT); while the compound 2 showed a single band of yellow emission based on the charge transfer between the ligands and the metal ion (LMCT), due to the partially filled d‐orbital of Mn2+ ion. The temperature‐dependent powder X‐ray diffraction patterns (PXRD) and PL spectra were further measured to identify their thermal stabilities. This work may provide a certain guiding significance for exploiting L‐CPs based on different metal ions.
Preparation of 3D MnO2/Polyaniline/Graphene Hybrid Material via Interfacial Polymerization as High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Liu Zheng , Chen Weiliang , Fan Xin , Yu Jianyang , Zhao Yu
Published: June 2016

MnO2/polyaniline/graphene composite as a supercapacitor electrode material was synthesized through an interfacial polymerization approach in the interface of oil/water phase. The as‐synthesized MPG is characterized by infrared spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, SEM and TEM, and its electrochemical performance is measured by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The 3D nanostructure of MPG and loose nanorod structure of polyaniline (PANI) coated with round MnO2 pellets could be clearly observed. The maximum energy density of MPG is 45.4 Wh/kg (at a power density of 67.8 kW/kg) and the highest power density is 229.2 kW/kg (at an energy density of 25.7 Wh/kg). The capacitance retentions after 500 cycles at the scan rate of 5 mV/s for MGP composite and PANI/graphene are 70.4% and 59.1%, respectively, and the capacitance values after 500 cycles are 158.4 F/g and 114.8 F/g, respectively. The improved performance of MPG is due to the 3D nanostructure, loose nanorod structure of PANI and stable support of graphene, which prevent the mechanical deformation effectively during the fast charge/discharge process and facilitate the diffusion of the electrolyte ions into the inner region of active materials. The composite material is very promising for the next generation of high‐performance supercapacitors electrode.
Structural Insights into Solid‐to‐Solid Phase Transition and Modulated Crystal Formation in Octyl‐β‐d‐Galactoside Crystals
Authors: Ogawa Shigesaburo , Ozaki Yukihiro , Takahashi Isao
Published: June 2016

Despite the significance of synthetic monotailed β‐linked galactolipids, for a detailed understanding of natural galactolipids, many aspects of these β‐linked galactolipids’ crystal structures such as temperature‐dependence and hydration characteristics remain inadequately understood. In this manuscript, we demonstrated detailed insight of crystal characteristics of one of the simplest monotailed galactolipids, octyl‐β‐d‐galactoside (MOβ‐Gal), using thermal analyses, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (GI‐WAXD) analysis. As a result, it was revealed that the MOβ‐Gal anhydrous crystal showed a continuous structural change from the high‐symmetry structure to low‐symmetry crystal lattice via the strengthened hydrogen bonding interaction as the temperature decreased. In addition, the hemihydrate crystal was found to be in the modulated “ribbon phase”. These insights strongly suggest that β‐linked galactolipids possess intrinsic characteristics necessary to form a modulated structure even in the crystal state and demonstrate the importance of the presence of tiny amounts of water as cushioning media for preventing order parameter evolution.
Playing three color light's out with Langton's turmite
Authors: Arangala Crista , Brien Michael O'
Published: June 2016

Light switching games are both popular and well studied. This article introduces a cellular automaton called Langton's turmite to several different light switching scenarios and discusses when Langton's turmite can solve these games. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 243–248, 2016
Serum responsiveness to recombinant bovine somatotropin in buffalo: a three‐month lactation study using an acid‐stripping ELISA for screening
Authors: Castigliego Lorenzo , Tinacci Lara , Armani Andrea , Boselli Carlo , Grifoni Goffredo , Mazzi Marco , Guidi Alessandra
Published: June 2016

The misuse of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) to increase milk yield involves buffalo not just cows. Screening methods to identify rbST‐treated cattle have already been proposed. However, there have been no studies on prolonged periods with a high number of animals. In this study, we developed a new enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the serum responsiveness towards rbST, based on an acid‐stripping procedure and relatively simple integral calculation dilution curves. We also applied the analysis to 640 serum and 96 milk samples collected from 16 buffalo treated with rbST and 16 controls, over a period of approximately three months. Its suitability as a screening method, in compliance with EU law, was also assessed. A bi‐factorial approach was also evaluated, including the measurement of insulin‐like growth factor 1 concentration in serum. Results showed that our ELISA could be used on its own for screening purposes, without the need to assess other biomarkers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field‐Induced Single‐Ion Magnetism Based on Spin‐Phonon Relaxation in a Distorted Octahedral High‐Spin Cobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Ishikawa Ryuta , Horii Yoji , Nakanishi Ryo , Ueno Shunya , Breedlove Brian K. , Yamashita Masahiro , Kawata Satoshi
Published: June 2016

The six‐coordinate mononuclear high‐spin cobalt(II) complex [Co(bpy)2(ClAn)]·EtOH (1; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, ClAn2– = chloranilate) and its magnetically diluted analogue [Co0.1Zn0.9(bpy)2(ClAn)]·EtOH (3), in which the CoII centres of 1 are partially diluted with the magnetically inactive ZnII centres of [Zn(bpy)2(ClAn)]·EtOH (2) as a diamagnetic matrix, exhibited slow magnetic relaxation in applied direct‐current (DC) magnetic fields. Fits of the DC magnetic data indicate that this new field‐induced single‐ion magnet possesses large positive axial and significant rhombic zero‐field splittings. The results of temperature‐dependent and DC‐magnetic‐field‐dependent alternating‐current magnetic measurements on 1 and 3, which is a field‐induced single‐ion magnet, agree with those from theoretical studies, and spin relaxation occurs through two‐phonon Raman and direct spin‐phonon bottleneck processes of Kramers ions.
A One‐Pot Access to Benzo[b][1,4]selenazines from 2‐Aminoaryl Diselenides
Authors: Menichetti Stefano , Capperucci Antonella , Tanini Damiano , Braga Antonio L. , Botteselle Giancarlo V. , Viglianisi Caterina
Published: June 2016

Different 2‐sulfonylaminoaryl diselenides substituted with electron‐withdrawing or ‐donating groups are transformed in one pot into benzo[b][1,4]selenazines. The reaction uses a substoichiometric amount of Cu(OTf)2, and the mechanism involves a base‐mediated 1,4‐elimination at selenium with the generation of an o‐iminoselenoquinone and a 2‐sulfonylaminoselenolate anion. The former is a dienic species that can react with electron‐rich dienophiles to give the target cycloadducts. The latter is oxidised by air back to the starting diselenide, allowing its complete consumption. A preliminary investigation of the GPx‐like activity of a selected selenazine is also described.
Establishment of cutpoints to categorize the severity of chronic pain using composite ratings with Rasch analysis
Authors: Chien C.‐W. , Bagraith K.S. , Khan A. , Deen M. , Syu J.‐J. , Strong J.
Published: June 2016

Background

Establishment of cutpoints for classifying mild, moderate and severe pain is commonly based on single rating of worst or average pain. However, single pain measure may serve as a brief and partial surrogate for composite pain ratings. This study aimed to base composite pain ratings to establish optimal cutpoint that maximized the difference of pain interference on daily function and compare its utility with those based on single worst and average pain.

Methods

Data were from a cohort study of 322 patients with chronic pain. Brief pain inventory (including four items measuring the least, worst, average and current pain) was administered. Rasch analysis and Serlin et al.'s (Pain, 61, 1995, 277) method were used to derive optimal cutpoint.

Results

Rasch analysis calibrated the least, worst, average and current pain items into a unidimensional hierarchy and produced composite pain measurement. The optimal cutpoint for composite pain (mild, ≤4; moderate, >4−6; severe, >6−10 on the 0−10 numeric rating scale) differed from those cutpoints for worst (≤6; >6−8; >8−10) and average pain (≤5; >5−7; >7−10). The optimal cutpoint for composite pain was better able than those for worst and average pain to distinguish among groups on patient‐rated pain quality and quality of life. The optimal cutpoint for average pain had better discriminant ability than that for worst pain.

Conclusion

The results suggest that using optimal cutpoint for composite pain may be useful to classify clinically important groups in patients with chronic pain and that average pain may be an alternative choice if a single item is used.

What does this study add?

Using composite pain, optimal classification for mild, moderate and severe pain exhibited better discriminant ability than using single worst/average pain. The difficulty hierarchy of the least, worst, average and current pain helps to screen people with irregular responses.
Label‐free, PCR‐free DNA Hybridization Detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 Based on Electrochemical Nanobiosensor
Authors: Minaei Mohammad Ebrahim , Saadati Mojtaba , Najafi Mostafa , Honari Hossein
Published: June 2016

A simple and sensitive nanobiosensor was developed for diagnosing label‐free, PCR‐free of rfbE gene in Escherichia coli O157 : H7 real sample. The Au nanoparticles modified electrode (AunanoME) was prepared by electrodeposition technique. The single‐stranded DNA probes were immobilized through the chemisorptions process on AunanoME (ssDNA/AunanoME). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique has been used to investigate the hybridization and sensing properties. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique, the charge‐transfer resistance (Rct) values were raised by immobilization of the DNA probe and after the hybridization with the complementary oligonucleotide for ssDNA/Au electrode from 2.81±0.1 to 7.62±0.2 kΩ and for ssDNA/AunanoME from 2.58±0.1 to 9.95±0.2 kΩ. The results showed that the immobilization and hybridization of DNA on the AunanoME increases effectively the nanobiosensor response compared with the Au bare electrode. In addition, the electrochemical DNA biosensor showed a good selectivity toward the detection of the complementary oligonucleotides of the rfbE gene of E. coli O157. The nanobiosensor response showed a linear dynamic range 1.0×10−13 to 1.0×10−6 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 9.1×10−14 mol L−1 and was able to detect E. coli O157 : H7 real sample corresponding to 102 cells per ml. Our results suggest that, the nanobiosensor is promising for environmental and clinical applications.
Stable Perovskite Solar Cells based on Hydrophobic Triphenylamine Hole‐Transport Materials
Authors: Liu Xicheng , Zhu Lifeng , Zhang Fei , You Jing , Xiao Yin , Li Dongmei , Wang Shirong , Meng Qingbo , Li Xianggao
Published: June 2016

Two hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) based on N,N,N′,N′‐ tetraphenylbenzidine (TPB) and MeO‐triphenylamine (MOTPA) are synthesized. The HTMs offer outstanding thermal stability, film‐forming properties, and hole mobilities. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are prepared using either pristine HTM layers or layers doped with cobalt salts. The nondoped PSCs with as‐synthesized HTMs show better performance compared to spiro‐OMeTAD, especially for long‐time stability in ambient air. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cells decreases by only 3 % after 600 h of storage. The nondoped hole‐transport layer (HTL) are hydrophobic, with a contact angle of 94.3° to water. The moisture‐repelling ability of these HTMs are demonstrated by exposing the nondoped PSCs to an atmosphere saturated with water vapor. The PCE of doped PSCs with spiro‐OMeTAD as HTL decreased 53 %, while that of nondoped PSCs with the as‐synthesized HTMs as HTL only decreased 27 % after 15 min. These result thus show a new method to improve the operational stability of PSCs, especially at high humidity levels.
Reproductive effects on freshwater fish exposed to 17α-trenbolone and 17α-estradiol
Authors: Robinson Joseph A. , Staveley Jane P. , Constantine Lisa
Published: June 2016

17α-Trenbolone and 17α-estradiol are principal metabolites in cattle excreta following the administration of Synovex® ONE, which contains trenbolone acetate and estradiol benzoate. As part of the environmental assessment of the use of Synovex® ONE, data were generated to characterize the effects of 17α-trenbolone and 17α-estradiol on the reproduction of freshwater fish. These substances are known endocrine disruptors, so the purpose of testing was not to clarify these properties but to identify concentrations representing population-relevant effects for use in risk characterization. The short-term reproduction assay was conducted with 17α-trenbolone using the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the medaka (Oryzias latipes) and with 17α-estradiol using the fathead minnow. Adverse effects on the population-relevant endpoints of survival and fecundity were used to establish the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) for each study. For 17α-trenbolone, adverse effects on fecundity of the fathead minnow occurred at 120 ng/L; this was the LOEC, and the NOEC was 35 ng/L. 17β-Trenbolone did not adversely affect survival and fecundity of medaka at the concentrations tested, resulting in a NOEC of 110 ng/L and a LOEC of >110 ng/L. 17α-Estradiol did not adversely impact survival and fecundity of the fathead minnow at the concentrations tested, resulting in a NOEC and LOEC of 250 ng/L and >250 ng/L, respectively. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:636–644. © 2016 SETAC
Reduced‐order modeling for nonlocal diffusion problems
Authors: Witman David R. , Gunzburger Max , Peterson Janet
Published: June 2016

In several settings, diffusive behavior is observed to not follow the rate of spread predicted by parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) such as the heat equation. Such behaviors, often referred to as anomalous diffusion, can be modeled using nonlocal equations for which points at a finite distance apart can interact. An example of such models is provided by fractional derivative equations. Because of the nonlocal interactions, discretized nonlocal systems have less sparsity, often significantly less, compared with corresponding discretized PDE systems. As such, the need for reduced‐order surrogates that can be used to cheaply determine approximate solutions is much more acute for nonlocal models compared with that for PDEs. In this paper, we consider the construction, application, and testing of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) reduced models for an integral equation model for nonlocal diffusion. For certain modeling parameters, the model we consider allows for discontinuous solutions and includes fractional Laplacian kernels as a special case. Preliminary computational results illustrate the potential of using POD to obtain accurate approximations of solutions of nonlocal diffusion equations at much lower costs compared with, for example, standard finite element methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of mold contamination and physicochemical properties of crude palm oil sold in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Odoh Chuks K. , Amapu Tarfen Y. , Orjiakor Ikechukwu P. , Martins Paul E. , Seibai Benedict T. , Akpi Uche K. , Ugwu Chinyere S. , Lerum Nathaniel I. , Nwankwegu Amechi S.
Published: June 2016

Due to increasing reports on poor‐quality palm oil in the market, there has been a continual decrease in demand and revenue cum product rejection of palm oil sold in Jos, Nigeria. Hence, the significance of this work aims to moderate the microbial and physical qualities of crude palm oil sold in different major markets in order to increase revenue through quality control and quality assurance protocols. The intent is to create awareness among government monitoring agencies, buyers (exporters and importers), and to promote standard processing procedures among manufacturers. The study was carried out to ascertain the levels of mold contamination and physicochemical properties of crude palm oil sold in Jos and its environ. A total of 90 samples were collected in sterile containers. Molds were isolated and identified using standard identification procedures. The physicochemical properties: free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), moisture content (MC), and impurity level were determined. The assessment of mold isolated from the study sites recognized some life‐threatening genera capable of producing carcinogenic toxins. Candida sp. (51%) had the highest percentage of occurrence followed by Aspergillus sp. (45%) while Fusarium sp. (3%) was the least occurring mold. The mean mold count for all the palm oil samples ranges from 3.18 × 104 (cfu/mL)–4.56 × 104 (cfu/mL). Physicochemical findings showed that the average FFA (3.43–6.88%), PV (6.96–13.63 mEq/kg), IV (39.7–67.5 wijs), and MC (0.44–0.72%) values were within the SON acceptable limit, except the impurity level (0.28–0.44%) which was higher than the acceptable SON range in all the sites. There was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in the mold and physicochemical properties of crude palm oil in almost all the samples analyzed when compared to both local and international permissible limits of the tested parameters recommended for edible palm oil. There was compliance between the permissible limits (local and international) of the physicochemical values of the parameters we tested for in the edible palm oil except the impurity level, while the mold count did not meet (was higher) with the required permissible limit of the SON mold count.
Parameter Estimation for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model Using GRG Technique
Authors: Geem Z. W. , Noh J.‐S.
Published: June 2016

The parameter estimation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model is important to accurately present the relationship between voltage versus current. Regarding this problem, the difference between observed voltage and model‐calibrated voltage, which composed of cell reversible voltage, activation voltage drop, ohmic loss, and concentration voltage drop, should be minimized. So far, various optimization algorithms have tackled this problem. However, there is still a way to improve the solution quality using another technique, and in order to fairly compare the solution qualities among the techniques, more information is required which has been so far missed. Thus, this study proposed generalized reduced gradient (GRG) technique which obtained good results. When compared with two variants of harmony search and two variants of particle swarm optimization, GRG could find much better results in terms of mean square error (MSE). Also, this study provided full problem formulation and numerical dataset, which was scattered in literature and not clearly provided in previous literature. Hopefully, this study invites more researchers to replicate this bench‐mark problem of the PEMFC parameter estimation and to tackle it using their own techniques in the future.
Adenosine A1 receptor inhibits postnatal neurogenesis and sustains astrogliogenesis from the subventricular zone
Authors: Benito‐Muñoz Monica , Matute Carlos , Cavaliere Fabio
Published: June 2016

We previously demonstrated that activation of ATP P2X receptors during oxygen and glucose deprivation inhibits neuroblast migration and in vitro neurogenesis from the subventricular zone (SVZ). Here, we have studied the effects of adenosine, the natural end‐product of ATP hydrolysis, in modulating neurogenesis and gliogenesis from the SVZ. We provide immunochemical, molecular and pharmacological evidence that adenosine via A1 receptors reduces neuronal differentiation of neurosphere cultures generated from postnatal SVZ. Furthermore, activation of A1 receptors induces downregulation of genes related to neurogenesis as demonstrated by gene expression analysis. Specifically, we found that A1 receptors trigger a signaling cascade that, through the release of IL10, turns on the Bmp2/SMAD pathway. Furthermore, activating A1 receptors in SVZ‐neural progenitor cells inhibits neurogenesis and stimulates astrogliogenesis as assayed in vitro in neurosphere cultures and in vivo in the olfactory bulb. Together, these data indicate that adenosine acting at A1 receptors negatively regulates adult neurogenesis while promoting astrogliogenesis, and that this feature may be relevant to pathological conditions whereby purines are profusely released. GLIA 2016;64:1465–1478
Anti‐inflammatory effects of ADAMTS‐4 in a mouse model of ischemic stroke
Authors: Lemarchant Sighild , Dunghana Hiramani , Pomeshchik Yuriy , Leinonen Henri , Kolosowska Natalia , Korhonen Paula , Kanninen Katja M. , García‐Berrocoso Teresa , Montaner Joan , Malm Tarja , Koistinaho Jari
Published: June 2016

ADAMTS‐4 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs type 4) is a metalloprotease capable to degrade chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans leading to cartilage destruction during arthritis or to neuroplasticity during spinal cord injury (SCI). Although ADAMTS‐4 is an inflammatory‐regulated enzyme, its role during inflammation has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ADAMTS‐4 in neuroinflammation. First, we evidenced an increase of ADAMTS‐4 expression in the ischemic brain hemisphere of mouse and human patients suffering from ischemic stroke. Then, we described that ADAMTS‐4 has predominantly an anti‐inflammatory effect in the CNS. Treatment of primary microglia or astrocyte cultures with low doses of a human recombinant ADAMTS‐4 prior to LPS exposure decreased NO production and the synthesis/release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines including NOS2, CCL2, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and MMP‐9. Accordingly, when cell cultures were transfected with silencing siRNA targeting ADAMTS‐4 prior to LPS exposure, the production of NO and the synthesis/release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were increased. Finally, the feasibility of ADAMTS‐4 to modulate neuroinflammation was investigated in vivo after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Although ADAMTS‐4 treatment did not influence the lesion volume, it decreased astrogliosis and macrophage infiltration, and increased the number of microglia expressing arginase‐1, a marker of alternatively activated cells with inflammation inhibiting functions. Additionally, ADAMTS‐4 increased the production of IL‐10 and IL‐6 in the peri‐ischemic area. By having anti‐inflammatory and neuroregenerative roles, ADAMTS‐4 may represent an interesting target to treat acute CNS injuries, such as ischemic stroke, SCI or traumatic brain injury. GLIA 2016;64:1492–1507
Microglia engulf viable newborn cells in the epileptic dentate gyrus
Authors: Luo Cong , Koyama Ryuta , Ikegaya Yuji
Published: June 2016

Microglia, which are the brain's resident immune cells, engulf dead neural progenitor cells during adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG). The number of newborn cells in the SGZ increases significantly after status epilepticus (SE), but whether and how microglia regulate the number of newborn cells after SE remain unclear. Here, we show that microglia rapidly eliminate newborn cells after SE by primary phagocytosis, a process by which viable cells are engulfed, thereby regulating the number of newborn cells that are incorporated into the DG. The number of newborn cells in the DG was increased at 5 days after SE in the adult mouse brain but rapidly decreased to the control levels within a week. During this period, microglia in the DG were highly active and engulfed newborn cells. We found that the majority of engulfed newborn cells were caspase‐negative viable cells. Finally, inactivation of microglia with minocycline maintained the increase in the number of newborn cells after SE. Furthermore, minocycline treatment after SE induced the emergence of hilar ectopic granule cells. Thus, our findings suggest that microglia may contribute to homeostasis of the dentate neurogenic niche by eliminating excess newborn cells after SE via primary phagocytosis. GLIA 2016;64:1508–1517
The P2X4 purinergic receptor impacts liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice through the regulation of biliary homeostasis
Authors: Besnard Aurore , Gautherot Julien , Julien Boris , Tebbi Ali , Garcin Isabelle , Doignon Isabelle , Péan Noémie , Gonzales Emmanuel , Cassio Doris , Grosse Brigitte , Liu Bingkaï , Safya Hanaa , Cauchois Florent , Humbert Lydie , Rainteau Dominique , Tordjmann Thierry
Published: June 2016

Many regulatory pathways are involved in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH), to initiate growth, protect liver cells, and sustain remnant liver functions. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate rises in blood and bile after PH and contributes to liver regeneration, although purinergic receptors and mechanisms remain to be precisely explored. In this work we analyzed during regeneration after PH the involvement of P2X4 purinergic receptors, highly expressed in the liver. P2X4 receptor expression in the liver, liver histology, hepatocyte proliferation, plasma bile acid concentration, bile flow and composition, and lysosome distribution in hepatocytes were studied in wild‐type and P2X4 knockout (KO) mice, before and after PH. P2X4 receptors were expressed in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells; in hepatocytes, P2X4 was concentrated in subcanalicular areas closely costained with lysosomal markers. After PH, delayed regeneration, hepatocyte necrosis, and cholestasis were observed in P2X4‐KO mice. In P2X4‐KO mice, post‐PH biliary adaptation was impaired with a smaller increase in bile flow and HCO3
− biliary output, as well as altered biliary composition with reduced adenosine triphosphate and lysosomal enzyme release. In line with these data, lysosome distribution and biogenesis were altered in P2X4‐KO compared with wild‐type mice. Conclusion: During liver regeneration after PH, P2X4 contributes to the complex control of biliary homeostasis through mechanisms involving pericanalicular lysosomes, with a resulting impact on hepatocyte protection and proliferation. (Hepatology 2016;64:941‐953)
Prevalence of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis by underlying cause in understudied ethnic groups: The multiethnic cohort
Authors: Setiawan Veronica Wendy , Stram Daniel O. , Porcel Jacqueline , Lu Shelly C. , Le Marchand Loïc , Noureddin Mazen
Published: June 2016

Chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis are major sources of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Little is known about the epidemiology of these two diseases in ethnic minority populations in the United States. We examined the prevalence of CLD and cirrhosis by underlying etiologies among African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites in the Multiethnic Cohort. CLD and cirrhosis cases were identified using Medicare claims between 1999 and 2012 among the fee‐for‐service participants (n = 106,458). We used International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision codes, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, and alcohol consumption from questionnaires to identify underlying etiologies. A total of 5,783 CLD (3,575 CLD without cirrhosis and 2,208 cirrhosis) cases were identified. The prevalence of CLD ranged from 3.9% in African Americans and Native Hawaiians to 4.1% in whites, 6.7% in Latinos, and 6.9% in Japanese. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was the most common cause of CLD in all ethnic groups combined (52%), followed by alcoholic liver disease (21%). NAFLD was the most common cause of cirrhosis in the entire cohort. By ethnicity, NAFLD was the most common cause of cirrhosis in Japanese Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Latinos, accounting for 32% of cases. Alcoholic liver disease was the most common cause of cirrhosis in whites (38.2%), while hepatitis C virus was the most common cause in African Americans (29.8%). Conclusions: We showed racial/ethnic variations in the prevalence of CLD and cirrhosis by underlying etiology; NAFLD was the most common cause of CLD and cirrhosis in the entire cohort, and the high prevalence of NAFLD among Japanese Americans and Native Hawaiians is a novel finding, warranting further studies to elucidate the causes. (Hepatology 2016;64:1969‐1977)
The liver‐specific microRNA‐122*, the complementary strand of microRNA‐122, acts as a tumor suppressor by modulating the p53/mouse double minute 2 homolog circuitry
Authors: Simerzin Alina , Zorde‐Khvalevsky Elina , Rivkin Mila , Adar Revital , Zucman‐Rossi Jessica , Couchy Gabrielle , Roskams Tania , Govaere Olivier , Oren Moshe , Giladi Hilla , Galun Eithan
Published: June 2016

The tumor suppressor p53 is a central regulator of signaling pathways that controls the cell cycle and maintains the integrity of the human genome. p53 level is regulated by mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2), which marks p53 for proteasomal degradation. The p53‐Mdm2 circuitry is subjected to complex regulation by a variety of mechanisms, including microRNAs (miRNAs). We found a novel effector of this regulatory circuit, namely, miR‐122*, the passenger strand of the abundantly expressed liver‐specific miR‐122. Here, we demonstrate that miR‐122* levels are reduced in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that miR‐122* targets Mdm2, thus participating as an important player in the p53‐Mdm2 circuitry. Moreover, we observed significant negative correlation between levels of miR‐122* and Mdm2 in a large set of human HCC samples. In vivo tumorigenicity assays demonstrate that miR‐122* is capable of inhibiting tumor growth, emphasizing the tumor‐suppressor characteristics of this miRNA. Furthermore, we show that blocking miR‐122 in murine livers with an antagomiR‐122 (miRNA inhibitor) results in miR‐122* accumulation, leading to Mdm2 repression followed by elevated p53 protein levels. Conclusion: miR‐122*, the passenger strand of miR‐122, regulates the activity of p53 by targeting Mdm2. Importantly, similarly to miR‐122, miR‐122* is significantly down‐regulated in human HCC. We therefore propose that miR‐122* is an important contributor to the tumor suppression activity previously attributed solely to miR‐122. (Hepatology 2016;64:1623‐1636)
Five‐year histological and serological follow‐up of operationally tolerant pediatric liver transplant recipients enrolled in WISP‐R
Authors: Feng Sandy , Demetris Anthony J. , Spain Katharine M. , Kanaparthi Sai , Burrell Bryna E. , Ekong Udeme D. , Alonso Estella M. , Rosenthal Philip , Turka Laurence A. , Ikle David , Tchao Nadia K.
Published: June 2016

Pediatric liver transplant recipients arguably have the most to gain and the most to lose from discontinuing immunosuppression (IS). Whereas IS undoubtedly exerts a cumulative toll, there is concern that insufficient or no IS may contribute to allograft deterioration. Twelve pediatric recipients of parental living donor liver grafts, identified as operationally tolerant through complete IS withdrawal (WISP‐R; NCT00320606), were followed for a total of 5 years (1 year of IS withdrawal and 4 years off IS) with serial liver tests and autoantibody and alloantibody assessments. Liver biopsies were performed 2 and 4 years off IS, and, at these time points, immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and C1q binding activity for donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) were determined. There were no cases of chronic rejection, graft loss, or death. Allografts did not exhibit progressive increase in inflammation or fibrosis. Smooth‐muscle actin expression by stellate cells and CD34 expression by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells remained stable, consistent with the absence of progressive graft injury. Three subjects never exhibited DSA. However, 3 subjects showed intermittent de novo class I DSA, 4 subjects showed persistent de novo class II DSA, and 5 subjects showed persistent preexisting class II DSA. Class II DSA was predominantly against donor DQ antigens, often of high mean fluorescence intensity, rarely of the IgG3 subclass, and often capable of binding C1q. Conclusion: Operationally tolerant pediatric liver transplant recipients maintain generally stable allograft histology in spite of apparently active humoral allo‐immune responses. The absence of increased inflammation or progressive fibrosis suggests that a subset of liver allografts seem resistant to the chronic injury that is characteristic of antibody‐mediated damage. (Hepatology 2017;65:647‐660)
Chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 2–positive monocytes aggravate the early phase of acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury
Authors: Mossanen Jana C. , Krenkel Oliver , Ergen Can , Govaere Olivier , Liepelt Anke , Puengel Tobias , Heymann Felix , Kalthoff Sandra , Lefebvre Eric , Eulberg Dirk , Luedde Tom , Marx Gernot , Strassburg Christian P. , Roskams Tania , Trautwein Christian , Tacke Frank
Published: June 2016

Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol) poisoning is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in humans and induces hepatocyte necrosis, followed by activation of the innate immune system, further aggravating liver injury. The role of infiltrating monocytes during the early phase of ALF is still ambiguous. Upon experimental APAP overdose in mice, monocyte‐derived macrophages (MoMFs) massively accumulated in injured liver within 12‐24 hours, whereas the number of tissue‐resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) decreased. Influx of MoMFs is dependent on the chemokine receptor, chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2), given that Ccr2−/−
mice display reduced infiltration of monocytes and attenuated liver injury post‐APAP overdose at early time points. As evidenced by intravital multiphoton microscopy of Ccr2 reporter mice, CCR2+ monocytes infiltrate liver as early as 8‐12 hours post‐APAP overdose and form dense cellular clusters around necrotic areas. CCR2+ MoMFs express a distinct pattern of inflammatory, but also repair‐associated, genes in injured livers. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that MoMFs primarily exert proinflammatory functions early post‐APAP, thereby aggravating liver injury. Consequently, early pharmacological inhibition of either chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand (CCL2; by the inhibitor, mNOX‐E36) or CCR2 (by the orally available dual CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor, cenicriviroc) reduces monocyte infiltration and APAP‐induced liver injury (AILI) in mice. Importantly, neither the early nor continuous inhibition of CCR2 hinder repair processes during resolution from injury. In line with this, human livers of ALF patients requiring liver transplantation reveal increased CD68+ hepatic macrophage numbers with massive infiltrates of periportal CCR2+ macrophages that display a proinflammatory polarization. Conclusion: Infiltrating monocyte‐derived macrophages aggravate APAP hepatotoxicity, and the pharmacological inhibition of either CCL2 or CCR2 might bear therapeutic potential by reducing the inflammatory reaction during the early phase of AILI. (Hepatology 2016;64:1667‐1682)
Novel Azo‐Dyes‐Modified Isatin Derivatives: Synthesis, UV/VIS Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Study
Authors: Musin Lenar I. , Abdullin Ilnur T. , Vandyukov Alexander E. , Yakhvarov Dmitry G. , Zinnatullin Ruzal G. , Mironov Vladimir F. , Bogdanov Andrei V.
Published: June 2016

A high‐yield and simple synthesis of certain aminomethylisatins bearing dye fragments via the Mannich reaction of isatin with amino‐containing azobenzenes was reported. It was found that the absence of electron‐donating groups in azo‐dye molecule prevents aminomethylation of isatin. The effect of the incorporation of an isatin moiety with an azobenzene dye in one molecule on its absorption and electrochemical behavior was studied using UV spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
Trichosporon: another yeast‐like organism responsible for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with hematological malignancy
Authors: Alby‐Laurent Fanny , Dollfus Catherine , Ait‐Oufella Hafid , Rambaud Jerome , Legrand Ollivier , Tabone Marie‐Dominique , Hennequin Christophe
Published: June 2016

Trichosporon has recently emerged as a life‐threatening opportunistic fungal pathogen, notably in patients with hematological malignancy. Fungemia, sometimes associated with cutaneous lesions and/or pneumonitis, is the major clinical form. Here, we report two cases of patients suffering from acute leukaemia who developed hepatic and/or splenic lesions apart from Trichosporon positive blood cultures. The appearance of hepatic and splenic lesions following the recovery from neutropenia is highly suggestive of a chronic disseminated infection, now considered as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Treatment with corticosteroid therapy led to clinical improvement in both cases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tests of Predictive Ability for Vector Autoregressions Used for Conditional Forecasting
Authors: Clark Todd E. , McCracken Michael W.
Published: June 2016

Many forecasts are conditional in nature. For example, a number of central banks routinely report forecasts conditional on particular paths of policy instruments. Even though conditional forecasting is common, there has been little work on methods for evaluating conditional forecasts. This paper provides analytical, Monte Carlo and empirical evidence on tests of predictive ability for conditional forecasts from estimated models. In the empirical analysis, we examine conditional forecasts obtained with a VAR in the variables included in the DSGE model of Smets and Wouters (American Economic Review 2007; 97: 586–606). Throughout the analysis, we focus on tests of bias, efficiency and equal accuracy applied to conditional forecasts from VAR models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.