bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-infection of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Viruses among the Acute Viral Hepatitis Cases in Tertiary Care Hospital –A Four Years Retrospective Study
Authors: Shinde Ravindra V. , Shinde Anjali R. , Patil Anjali D. , Pawar S.K. , Mohite S.T. , Patil S.R.
Published: September 2020

Acute viral hepatitis(AVH) is caused by Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis E(HEV). It is major health burden in India. Both the viruses HAV and HEV are primarily transmitted via the faeco-oral course. Study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HAV, HEV and rate of co-infection in AVH patients attending rural tertiary care centre. A retrospective laboratory record based study was carried out in rural tertiary health care center located in Western Maharashtra. Laboratory and Medical records of suspected acute viral infection patients were analyzed during study. Study period was June 2014 to July 2018. Commercially available ELISA kits of IgM anti-HAV and IgM anti-HEV were used to analyze serum samples of suspected study participants. Tests were carried out as per the manufacturer’s instructions. A total of 778 acute viral hepatitis cases were included in the study from July 2014 to July 2018 among which 85/778 (10.9 %) detected positive for HAV and 121/778 (15.6%) detected positive for HEV. Co-infection was identified in 6/778(0.8 %). Jaundice, fever fatigue and hepatomegaly were common clinical presentation in HAV, HEV and confection with both viruses in acute viral hepatitis patients. Study indicated low exposure to HAV in childhood bellow 16 years. Co-infection rate was detected high in 16-25 years age group. Vaccination policy against HAV in adolescent age group needed as there is change epidemiological shift of HAV which has been observed in the current study. These data will helps for planning future vaccination strategies, better implementation sanitation program, and safe water supply in this geographic area.
Optimization and Molecular Characterization of Lipase Producing Bacillus subtilis Strain Rcps3 and Bacillus fumarioli Strain Rcps4 from Oil-contaminated Soils of Warangal
Authors: Chouhan Ramya , Lapaka Suresh , Alpula Nagaraju , Podeti Srinivas
Published: September 2020

Microbial sources are regularly used as reliable biocatalysts sources which are often used in the process and production industry. Demands for such organisms with greater capacity of intended enzyme production are on the rise. Lipase is important enzyme used in the biotechnological process of hydrolysis of fats in almost all the relevant industries We have utilized the local oil-contaminated soil resources to search for efficacious bacterial strains that have excellent lipase activity. We were successful in identifying two such bacterial sources, namely, Bacillus subtilis strain RCPS3 and Bacillus fumarioli strain RCPS4, responsible for lipase production from oil effluent contaminated soil of Telangana. This is the first report of these two strains from this part of India that are involved in lipase production. The strains were isolated, optimized, and purified using standard microbiology protocols and were characterized at the molecular level using the biomarker 16s ribosomal RNA genes of the strains. The identified and isolated bacterial strains were confirmed as Bacillus subtilis strain RCPS3, and Bacillus fumarioli strain RCPS4 through molecular and computational characterization.
THE QUESTION OF FURTHER IMPROVEMENT OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF SURGICAL PATIENTS ON NAVY SHIPS DURING LONG CRUISES
Authors: Mosyagin I. G. , Popov V. A. , Pleskach V. V. , Soroka A. K.
Published: October 2020

Aim:substantiation of the need to create a system that allows the ship’s doctor to receive timely consultation assistance.

Materials and methods:When developing the technique, the method of diagnosing diseases of the abdominal organs on ships at sea using a computer, proposed by V. F. Ozerov (1984), was used.

Results and discussion:a method of collecting and transferring the patient data to the medical service of the fleet, Clinical Navy Hospital (CNH) of the fleet is proposed. The method allows the consultant to formulate proposals on further treatment strategy by the time of direct communication via videoconference. At the same time, the patient’s personal data remain effectively protected.
MODELING OF DYNAMICS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF THE PERSONNEL OF DISABLED SUBMARINE IN DIFFERENT ACCIDENT PERIODS
Authors: Andrijchenko A. M. , Yemushintsev P. A. , Mikulich V. V.
Published: October 2020

Aim: theoretical study and modelling of dynamics of psychological state of the personnel of disabled submarine in different accident periods.

Materials and methods: theoretical analysis of literature sources in the context of psychological states of a person in emergency cases, including in seafarers divers, and materials describing chronology of accident progression at submarines.

Results and discussion: from the results of analysis of studies of psychological states and available information about accidents at submarines, systematization of theoretical data was carried out and factors affecting the change of psychological states of submarine personnel in different accident periods were described.
CURRENT TRENDS IN THE HEALTH STATUS OF EMPLOYEES OF RIVER, SEA AND MIXED VESSELS (RIVER-SEA) SWIMMINGS
Authors: Romanov S. V. , Doronina M. N. , Abaeva O. P. , Shilova N. G. , Sokolovskaya E. K.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the study. To study the health status of employees of the sea, river fleet and mixed river — sea navigation on the basis of the results of mandatory periodic and preliminary medical examinations.

Materials and methods. The results of inspections of 2048 employees became the materials of the investigation.

Results. There is a high incidence of respirator, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases, which is formed against the background of exposure to a number of risk factors, primarily smoking and high blood pressure.

Conclusion. The most important component of health protection for this contingent of employees is the quality of preliminary and periodic medical examinations, the results of which will allow timely identification of chronic noncommunicable diseases and form a set of necessary rehabilitation measures.
Consumer preferences for wild game cured meat label: do attitudes towards animal welfare matter?
Authors: Marescotti Maria Elena , Caputo Vincenzina , Demartini Eugenio , Gaviglio Anna
Published: October 2020

Even though the European Union has imposed a mandatory labeling system for conventional meats, there is no mandatory labelling scheme for the so called ‘minor meats’ – such as hunted wild game meat (HWGM). Thus, some European countries have implemented voluntary labelling programs certificating the origin of wild game meat. This study uses a discrete choice experiment to: (1) assess consumer preferences for processed meat products (including wild game meat bearing a HWGM label); and (2) investigate whether consumers’ attitudes towards animal welfare affects their food choice behavior for alternative meat products. Data was collected through an online survey conducted in Italy and consumer preferences for HWGM was estimated through a latent class logit model. Overall, results suggest that, even though HWGM label does not exist yet on the Italian market, it is appealing to Italian consumers and it will likely be accepted by the majority of them. However, consumers who are particularly concerned about animal welfare issues and animal rights showed the lowest level of the interest in the hunted game meat product and thus the presence of the HWGM label does not provide any benefit to them. Our findings have important implications for the development of successful marketing strategies and policy intervention in the HWGM sector at a national and European level.
Promotion of Clinical Educators: A Critical Need in Academic Family Medicine
Authors: Jacobs Christine K. , Everard Kelly  M. , Cronholm Peter F.
Published: October 2020

Background and Objectives: Academic family medicine departments have traditionally promoted faculty using research and scholarship criteria augmented by teaching, clinical care, and service. Clinic-focused faculty who spend significant time in direct patient care may not have enough time to meet promotion criteria, although they are critical for training future family physicians and for rebalancing the system of academic promotion. Methods: We surveyed family medicine department chairs on the effects of protected time for scholarship, presence of promotion and tenure (P and T) committees, salary increase, and special promotion tracks on promotion of physician faculty. Results: Promotion rates to both associate and full professor were higher for faculty with 25% time for scholarship than for clinic-focused faculty. For clinic-focused faculty, promotion rates to associate professor were higher than they were to full professor. No differences were found for promotion to associate professor and full professor for faculty with 25% protected time for scholarship. No differences were found in promotion rates for either rank between departments that had P and T committees and those that didn’t, whether promotion came with a salary increase, or if departments had a special track for physician faculty whose job is patient care. Conclusions: Promotion rates are higher for faculty with protected time for scholarship than for clinic-focused faculty for promotion to both associate and full professor. Clinic demands on faculty may reduce the likelihood of engaging in scholarship or research that in many academic family medicine departments is necessary for promotion.
A OPINIÃO DE ATLETAS E TREINADORES DE VOLEIBOL SOBRE A PARTICIPAÇÃO DE MULHERES TRANS
Authors: Garcia Rafael Marques , Pereira Erik Giuseppe Barbosa
Published: October 2020

Objetivamos averiguar a opinião de atletas e treinadores de voleibol sobre a participação de mulheres trans no voleibol feminino a partir do caso da atleta Tifanny Abreu. Para nortear esse objetivo, indagamos: qual o posicionamento dos(as) envolvidos(as) acerca dessa atuação e como estruturam e apresentam seu ponto de vista? Coletamos 38 reportagens do site esportivo globoesporte.com que tratavam sobre a participação trans no voleibol a partir do caso de Tifanny. Desse total, apenas 11 coberturas traziam o depoimento de 9 atletas e 4 treinadores, que foram analisados pela técnica de análise de discurso. Como resultados, percebemos que o grupo estudado foi, em maioria, contrário a essa inserção e atuação com base em normas biomédicas e fisiológicas cis-heteronormativas. Entretanto, registraramse manifestações mais cautelosas sobre o assunto, legitimando a participação de acordo com as recomendações das confederações e federações que regem as modalidades esportivas.
EXPLORING EFFICIENT KERNEL FUNCTIONS FOR SUPPORT VECTOR CLUSTERING
Authors: BAĞCI Furkan Burak , KARAL Ömer
Published: October 2020

Clustering is an effective tool that divides data into different classes to reveal internal and previously unknown data schemes. However, in conventional clustering algorithms such as the k-means, k-NN, fuzzy c tool, the selection of the appropriate number of clusters for each data set is uncertain and varies with the data sets. Furthermore, the data sets to which the clustering algorithm is applied generally have nonlinear boundaries between clusters. Determining these nonlinear boundaries in the input space causes a complex problem. To overcome these problems, kernel-based clustering methods have been developed in recent years, which automatically determine the number and boundaries of clusters. In particular, the Support Vector Clustering (SVC) algorithm has received great attention in data analysis because of its features such as automatically determining the number of clusters and recognizing nonlinear boundaries based on the Gaussian kernel parameter. The number of clusters and region boundaries produced by SVC may show variation depending on the choice of the kernel function and its parameters. Therefore, the choice of kernel function plays a significant role. In this study, for the first time, the implementation of two different kernel (Cauchy and Laplacian) functions and evaluation of their performances have been realized within the framework of SVC. It was observed that the Laplacian kernel function performed better than Gauss and Cauchy kernel functions.
Efecto de una intervención Act sobre la resistencia aeróbica y evitación experiencial en marchistas / Effect of an ACT Intervention on Aerobic Endurance and Experiential Avoidance in Walkers
Authors: Rodríguez-Salazar María Clara , Valero-Ballesteros Ángela Patricia
Published: September 2020

Resumen:El presente estudio tuvo como propósito identificar el efecto de la intervención en Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) sobre la resistencia aeróbica y conducta de evitación experiencial en un grupo de marchistas de Bogotá. Se utilizó un diseño pretest-postest con grupo control. La muestra estuvo compuesta por diez marchistas de ambos sexos, con un promedio de edad de 16.70 y un rango entre los 15 y 20 años de edad, pertenecientes a la Liga de Atletismo de Bogotá. Se eligieron por conveniencia. Se emplearon como instrumentos de medición el test de los 3000 m y el Cuestionario de Aceptación Acción (AAQ). La intervención en ACT se realizó en cuatro sesiones en las que se desarrollaron los contenidos definidos por los autores de la intervención (Wilson y Luciano, 2002). Para el análisis de los datos, se empleó estadística no paramétrica a través de la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados señalan una mayor resistencia aeróbica en la prueba de los 3000 m en el postest del grupo experimental con respecto al grupo control, así como una mayor aceptación de los eventos internos negativos. Abstract:The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of an Acceptance and Commitment intervention Therapy (ACT) on aerobic endurance and experiential avoidance behavior of a group of walkers in Bogota. This study used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample consisted of ten walkers of either sex, with an average age of 16.70 years, and a range between 15 and 20 years old, belonging to the Bogotá Athletics League. The participants were chosen as a convenience sample. The instruments used were the 3000-meter test and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ). The ACT intervention was conducted in four sessions, where they developed the contents defined by the authors of this intervention (Wilson and Luciano, 2002). Non-parametric statistics were used for data analysis, by means of the Mann-Whitney U. The posttest results indicate a greater aerobic resistance in the 3000-meter test for the test group in comparison to the control group. Likewise the experimental group shows a greater acceptance for negative internal events.
Trauma, possible cause of localized unilateral hyperhidrosis of the face?
Authors: Levakov Olivera , Jovanovic Aleksandar , Gajic Zoran , Ros Tatjana , Kopitovic Aleksandar , Gajic Branislava , Levakov Ivan
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Localized unilateral hyperhidrosis (LUH) is a rare disorder of unknown origin, with multiple possible triggering factors and unknown pathogenesis. Although there are cases of LUH of the face reported, this is the first to report isolated ipsilateral hyperhidrosis of the face after blunt force trauma. Case outline. A 54-year old Caucasian woman presented with facial LUH of five years? duration. Ipsilateral blunt trauma of the temple that preceded the condition for three months was identified as the most probable cause. For sharp demarcation, the Minor?s or starch?iodine test was performed, which revealed the presence and extent of the facial sweating on the left side of the face. Treatment with 20% aluminium chloride hexahydrate sol. (Retrargin sol.) was conducted with partial response. Conclusion. After ruling out underlying diseases as a cause of LUH, a prior trauma should be considered as a potential cause. The possible mechanism could be the lesion of sympathetic chain as a result of cervical traction due to a facial blunt force trauma, although it cannot be positively proven.
Muscular G9a Regulates Muscle-Liver-Fat Axis by Musclin Under Overnutrition in Female Mice
Authors: Zhang Wenquan , Yang Dong , Yuan Yangmian , Liu Chong , Chen Hong , Zhang Yu , Wang Qing , Petersen Robert B. , Huang Kun , Zheng Ling
Published: September 2020

Cross talk among different tissues and organs is a hotspot in metabolic research. Recent studies have revealed the regulatory roles of a number of myokines in metabolism. Here, we report that female mice lacking muscle-specific histone methylase G9a (Ehmt2Ckmm knockout [KO] or Ehmt2HSA KO) are resistant to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, we identified a significantly upregulated circulating level of musclin, a myokine, in HFD-fed Ehmt2Ckmm KO or Ehmt2HSA KO female mice. Similarly, upregulated musclin was observed in mice injected with two structurally different inhibitors for G9a methylase activity: BIX01294 and A366. Moreover, injection of recombinant full-length musclin or its functional core domain inhibited the HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in wild-type female and male mice. Mechanistically, G9a methylase activity-dependently regulated muscular musclin level by binding to its promoter, also by regulating phosphorylated-FOXO1/FOXO1 levels in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, these data suggest a critical role for G9a in the muscle-liver-fat metabolic axis, at least for female mice. Musclin may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for obesity and associated diseases.
Transmutation Investigation of a Typical VVER-1000 Reactor Burnup Products to less Toxicity Isotopes in a Fusion-Fission Hybrid Reactor
Authors: TEYMOORİ SENDESİ Seyyed Mahdi , GHASEMİZAD Abbas
Published: October 2020

Transmutation of burnup products for a typical VVER-1000 reactor in a fusion-fission hybrid reactor has been investigated using MCNPX 2.6.0 calculation code. Burnup calculation of a fission reactor was performed for a 1000 MW practical power of a VVER reactor core using UO2 fuel and light water as its coolant and moderator, as well. The burnup products have been classified and separated according to their half-lives and their usages, and the remaining wastes were used as fuels for a fusion-fission hybrid reactor. The burnup calculation was also implemented for the fission wastes of the mentioned hybrid reactor, and the remaining products were separated and classified. The results showed that fission products can be transmuted into useful elements or to elements with less toxicity (with the decrement of activity) and less mass, and according to the IAEA toxicity limit of nuclear wastes, the levels of radioactivity and toxicity decreased. The results confirmed appropriately “the waste transmutation capability” of a fusion-fission hybrid reactor.
Effect of Physics Education Technology (PhET) Simulations: Evidence from STEM Students’ Performance
Authors: Yunzal, Jr. Ananias N , Casinillo Leomarich F
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to find out if Physics Education Technology (PhET) simulations can improve the performance of the Baybay City Senior High School STEM students on the selected topic in physics, that is, electrodynamics. This study utilized a quasi-experimental type where pre-test and post-test are multiple choice type of test and involved 72 STEM students. The grouping of the students was identified based on their sections, one section served as the control group and other is the experimental group. Experimental group is allowed to play the PhET simulation for an hour utilizing their vacant period every day, while the control is not exposed to any activity that intervene leading to the creation of formal construct of ideas in electrodynamics. Result showed that mean scores of the control and experimental groups does not imply a significant difference, despite of the interest shown by the students in playing the said simulation. Perhaps, students are more attracted to simulation in which they have gone through during their lectures. Furthermore, study shows that the performance of students before and after exposure to PhET simulation does not necessarily pose a big difference but indicates a slight improvement to their performances.
THE COMMERCIAL AND DISCARD CATCH RATES OF THE TRAWL FISHERY IN THE İSKENDERUN BAY (NORTHEASTERN LEVANTINE SEA)
Authors: DALYAN Cem
Published: October 2020

The management of fishery is significant due to the sustainability of marine resources. Therefore, the fishing areas should be constantly monitored. In this study, the fishery data were collected from the Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Levantine Sea) with a rented commercial trawl vessel. The fishery-dependent data was recorded during the 2012-2013 fishing season with the help of the crew. 33 tows were achieved using a trawl net (codend diamond mesh size of 44 mm) for 26 hours. Each tow was limited with 70 min and the towing speed varied between 2.5 to 3.0 knots. The depth contour ranged from 39 to 69 m. While 32 species were evaluated as discard, 35 species were included in the landed catch. The total catch consisted of 67.2% the landed and 32.8% of the discarded fish in terms of CPUEW (catch per unit effort by weight).
Combining Usability Testing with In-Depth Interview for Online Credit Hour Website Evaluation
Authors: Sukmasetya Pristi , Arumi Endah Ratna , Setiawan Agus
Published: October 2020

The Online Credits Hour (KRS) application is one of the existing systems at the University of Muhammadiyah Magelang where the academic community, including lecturers, students, and education staff, produces a large amount of student academic data. Evaluation is necessary to find out whether the system runs well. This study is an effort to evaluate the system employing a usability test consisting of five indicators, namely learning ability, memory, efficiency, errors, and satisfaction. The five indicators materialized in the form of questionnaires to online KRS users. The survey involved 118 respondents. The method of study includes validity and reliability tests. The validity test employs a correlation test. The reliability test uses a simple linear regression analysis test and the comparison uses the significance value Alpha equals 0.05. The validity test for all five indicators results in value above 0.05. The reliability test of all the answers in the questionnaire has a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.93, which suggests that the whole has correspondence. The evaluation results show that the KRS Online application has the highest value in the memorability indicator at 3.97, indicating that the KRS Online application is easily accessible with easy procedures to obtain data. The lowest value is on the error indicator at a level of 3, which means that the KRS Online website shows many errors, such as a broken link or poor navigation.
Effects of mixed pulp mill sludges on crop yields and quality
Authors: Kinnula Sari , Toivonen Marjaana , Soinne Helena , Joona Juuso , Kivelä Jukka
Published: October 2020

There is a great need for sustainable fertilisers and soil amendments, as current fertilisation practices negativelyaffect the environment. Pulp mill sludges (PMS) could provide a means to replace fertilisers made using non-renewable resources while adding slowly decomposing organic material to the soil and utilising nutrients from the forest industry. This study tested the effects of composted and lime-stabilised mixed PMS (CPMS and LPMS) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields and residual effect on oat (Avena sativa) yields in the boreal region. A two-year field experiment included two CPMS and two LPMS treatments all with additional mineral fertilisation, a mineral fertiliser treatment, and a zero-control treatment. All the fertilisers increased yields. There were no differences in crop yields between CPMS, LPMS and mineral fertiliser treatments. However, some quality characteristics and nitrogen (N) uptake were lower with all or some PMS compared with mineral fertilisation. This result suggests that part of the mineral fertilisation for cereals could be replaced by using PMS, but more information on N mineralisation from sludges is needed.
Implementasi Kode Etik Pustakawan di Perpustakaan Umum Daerah Kabupaten Tanah Datar
Authors: Antika Dini , Nelisa Malta
Published: October 2020

Abstract The purpose of writing this paper is (1) Describe how the librarian's code of ethics is implemented in the Tanah Datar District Public Library; (2) Knowing the relationship between librarians and visitors in the Tanah Datar District Public Library; (3) Describe the relationship between librarians and fellow librarians in the Tanah Datar District Public Library; (4) Knowing the relationship between librarians and their service to libraries in the Tanah Datar District Public Library; (5) Knowing the relationship between librarians working in the Tanah Datar District Public Library and professional organizations; (6) Describe the relationship of librarians working in the Tanah Datar District Public Library with the community in the library. Writing this paper uses descriptive research methods. Data is collected based on interviews with librarians and visitors. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded as follows. First in achieving excellence librarians participate in activities in the library field. Librarians consider decisions professionally by choosing activities about library science. The advantage gained by librarians in serving users is inner satisfaction, lots of acquaintances and motivation to read. Second, librarians serve visitors who come to the library fairly. Scientific works can only be read in the library. Third, librarians achieve excellence in the profession by attending library science training. In establishing relationships with colleagues in the library, a small number of librarians have not been able to establish good relationships with colleagues in the library and question the differences that occur. Fourth, librarians attend training whose knowledge can be utilized for library development. Librarians collaborate with reading parks, and all types of libraries. Fifth, librarians never pay any fees in the library because the activities to be carried out at the library are funded by the local government. Most librarians can distinguish between personal life views and professional needs. Sixth, librarians work with communities in library fields such as literacy tree houses and reading parks established by students. Librarians contribute to the development of culture in the community in the form of a mobile library that can be utilized by the community.Keywords: implementation; librarians; code of ethics.
Dietary supplement use and iron, zinc and folate intake in pregnant women in London, Ontario
Authors: Roy A. , Evers S.E. , Campbell M.K.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

We examined the dietary intake of iron, zinc and folate, estimated from both food and supplement sources, in 2019 pregnant women who participated in the Prenatal Health Project (PHP). The PHP recruited pregnant women from ultrasound clinics in London, Ontario, in the years 2002–2005.

Methods

Participants completed a telephone survey, which included a food frequency questionnaire and questions on dietary supplement use. Frequencies of use of dietary supplements were generated. Nutrient intake values were estimated from food and supplement sources, and summed to calculate total daily intake values.

Results

Most women took a multivitamin supplement, and many women took folic acid and iron supplements; however, one-fifth of the sample did not take any supplements providing any of the three micronutrients. Despite being of a higher socio-economic status overall, significant proportions of the cohort ranked below the recommended dietary allowance values for iron, zinc, and folate. This suggests there may be other barriers that impact dietary practices.

Conclusion

Further research is required on how to better promote supplement use and a healthy diet during pregnancy.
Unhealthy behaviours among Canadian adolescents: prevalence, trends and correlates
Authors: Gadalla T.M.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

This study examines (1) time trends in the prevalence of selected unhealthy behaviours among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, (2) the most commonly adopted combinations of unhealthy behaviours, and (3) socio-economic and sociodemographic correlates of unhealthy behaviours among adolescents.

Methods

A secondary analysis used data collected from 13 198 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) respondents in 2000/2001 and 11 050 CCHS respondents in 2007/2008.

Results

Although the proportion of adolescents consuming a healthy diet increased over the study period, about 50% are still consuming insufficient amounts of fruit and vegetables. In both cycles over one-third of adolescents aged 15 to 17 years reported drinking alcohol regularly. Income level, education level, sex, and language spoken at home were significantly associated with the odds of engaging in unhealthy behaviours among those aged 12 to 14 years, while income level was no longer associated with the odds of engaging in unhealthy behaviours among those aged 15 to 17 years. For both age groups, a language other than French or English spoken in the home was associated with a low risk of unhealthy behaviours.

Conclusion

There was a general decrease in unhealthy behaviours among younger adolescents aged 12 to 14 years.
Longitudinal trends in mental health among ethnic groups in Canada
Authors: Pahwa P. , Karunanayake C.P. , McCrosky J. , Thorpe L.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Immigration continues to transform the ethnic composition of the Canadian population. We investigated whether longitudinal trends in mental distress vary between seven cultural and ethnic groups and whether mental distress within the same ethnic group varies by demographic (immigrant status, sex, age, marital status, place and length of residence), socio-economic (education, income), social support and lifestyle factors.

Methods

The study population consisted of 14 713 respondents 15 years and older from the first six cycles of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS); 20% reported themselves to be immigrant at Cycle 1, in 1994/1995. The logistic regression model was fitted by modifying a multivariate quasi-likelihood approach, and robust variance estimates were obtained by using balanced repeated replication techniques.

Results

Based on the multivariable model and self-reported data, we observed that female respondents were more likely to report moderate/high mental distress than male respondents; younger respondents more than older respondents; single respondents more than those in a relationship; urban-dwellers more than rural-dwellers; less educated respondents more than more educated respondents; current and former smokers more than non-smokers; and those living in a smoking household more than those living in non-smoking households. The relationship between ethnicity and mental distress was modified by immigrant status, sex, social involvementscore and education. Confirming other research, we found an inverted U-shaped relationship between length of stay and mental distress: those who had lived in Canada for less than 2 years were less likely to report moderate/high mental distress, while those who had lived in Canada for 2 to 20 years were significantly more likely to report moderate/high mental distress than those who had lived in Canada for more than 20 years.

Conclusion

There is a need to develop ethnicity-specific mental health programs targeting those with low education attainment and low social involvement. Policies and programs should also target women, the younger age group (15-24 years) and low-income adequacy groups.
Prevalence of meeting physical activity guidelines for cancer prevention in Alberta
Authors: Aparicio-Ting F.E. , Friedenreich C.M. , Kopciuk K.A. , Plotnikoff R.C. , Bryant H.E.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Guidelines for recommended physical activity (PA) levels have been developed by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) for health benefits and by the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) for cancer prevention benefits.

Methods

We examined if these guidelines were met using a sample of 14 294 Albertan participants of the Tomorrow Project, aged 35 to 64 years, enrolled from 2001 to 2005. We used logistic regression to examine correlates of leisure PA behaviour.

Results

An estimated 55%, 42%, 26% and 23% of participants met CSEP, ACS, USDHHS, and WCRF/AICR guidelines, respectively. Women were less likely than men to meet ACS (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.93), USDHHS (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50–0.89) and WCRF/AICR (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.47–0.85) guidelines, and being obese was correlated with not meeting USDHHS (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32–0.65) and WCRF/AICR guidelines (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63–0.98).

Conclusion

Albertans, particularly women and obese individuals, are not sufficiently active for cancer prevention benefits.
Child care: implications for overweight / obesity in Canadian children?
Authors: McLaren L , Zarrabi M , Dutton DJ , Auld MC , Emery JCH
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Over recent decades, two prominent trends have been observed in Canada and elsewhere: increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and increasing participation of women (including mothers) in the paid labour force and resulting demand for child care options. While an association between child care and children's body mass index (BMI) is plausible and would have policy relevance, its existence and nature in Canada is not known.

Methods

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, we examined exposure to three types of care at age 2/3 years (care by non-relative, care by relative, care in a daycare centre) in relation to change in BMI percentile (continuous and categorical) between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years, adjusting for health and sociodemographic correlates.

Results

Care by a non-relative was associated with an increase in BMI percentile between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years for boys, and for girls from households of low income adequacy.

Conclusion

Considering the potential benefits of high-quality formal child care for an array of health and social outcomes and the potentially adverse effects of certain informal care options demonstrated in this study and others, our findings support calls for ongoing research on the implications of diverse child care experiences for an array of outcomes including those related to weight.
Deprivation and food access and balance in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Authors: Cushon J , Creighton T , Kershaw T , Marko J , Markham T
Published: October 2020

Introduction

We explored food access and balance in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada in relation to material and social deprivation.

Methods

We mapped the location of all large supermarkets and fast food retailers in Saskatoon. Supermarket accessibility index scores and food balance scores were compared to material and social deprivation indexes to determine significant associations.

Results

Our results indicate that the poorest access to supermarkets occurred in areas west of the South Saskatchewan River and also in suburban areas around the perimeter of the city. Areas west of the river are some of the most deprived areas in the city. Saskatoon's mean food balance ratio of 2.3 indicates that access favours fast food. However, we did not find a clear pattern or clear socio-economic gradient for most measures.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of contextual studies of food access. This study also highlighted a number of other issues that should be explored in the Saskatoon context such as individual-level food consumption patterns, mobility, temporal dimensions of food access and economic access as well as interventions that could improve food access in the city.
Identifying cases of congestive heart failure from administrative data: a validation study using primary care patient records
Authors: Schultz SE , Rothwell DM , Chen Z , Tu K
Published: October 2020

Introduction

To determine if using a combination of hospital administrative data and ambulatory care physician billings can accurately identify patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), we tested 9 algorithms for identifying individuals with CHF from administrative data.

Methods

The validation cohort against which the 9 algorithms were tested combined data from a random sample of adult patients from EMRALD, an electronic medical record database of primary care physicians in Ontario, Canada, and data collected in 2004/05 from a random sample of primary care patients for a study of hypertension. Algorithms were evaluated on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, area under the curve on the ROC graph and the combination of likelihood ratio positive and negative.

Results

We found that that one hospital record or one physician billing followed by a second record from either source within one year had the best result, with a sensitivity of 84.8% and a specificity of 97.0%.

Conclusion

Population prevalence of CHF can be accurately measured using combined administrative data from hospitalization and ambulatory care.
Intentional injury hospitalizations in geographical areas with a high percentage of Aboriginal-identity residents, 2004/2005 to 2009/2010
Authors: Oliver LN , Finès P , Bougie E , Kohen D
Published: October 2020

Introduction

This study describes rates of self-inflicted and assault-related injury hospitalizations in areas with a relatively high percentage of residents identifying as First Nations, Métis and Inuit, by injury cause, age group and sex.

Methods

All separation records from acute in-patient hospitals for Canadian provinces and territories excluding Quebec were obtained from the Discharge Abstract Database. Dissemination areas with more than 33% of residents reporting an Aboriginal identity in the 2006 Census were categorized as high-percentage Aboriginal-identity areas.

Results

Overall, in high-percentage Aboriginal-identity areas, age-standardized hospitalization rates (ASHRs) for self-inflicted injuries were higher among females, while ASHRs for assault-related injuries were higher among males. Residents of high-percentage Aboriginal-identity areas were at least three times more likely to be hospitalized due to a self-inflicted injury and at least five times more likely to be hospitalized due to an assault-related injury compared with those living in low-percentage Aboriginal-identity areas.

Conclusion

Future research should examine co-morbidities, socio-economic conditions and individual risk behaviours as factors associated with intentional injury hospitalizations.
Are experimental smokers different from their never-smoking classmates? A multilevel analysis of Canadian youth in grades 9 to 12
Authors: Kaai SC , Manske SR , Leatherdale ST , Brown KS , Murnaghan D
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Understanding the characteristics of experimental smoking among youth is critical for designing prevention programs. This study examined which student- and school-level factors differentiated experimental smokers from never smokers in a nationally representative sample of Canadian students in grades 9 to 12.

Methods

School-level data from the 2006 Canadian Census and one built environment characteristic (tobacco retailer density) were linked with data from secondary school students from the 2008–2009 Canadian Youth Smoking Survey and examined using multilevel logistic regression analyses.

Results

Experimental smoking rates varied across schools (p $lt; .001). The location (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49–0.89) of the school (urban vs. rural) was associated with the odds of a student being an experimental smoker versus a never smoker when adjusting for student characteristics. Students were more likely to be experimental smokers if they were in a lower grade, reported low school connectedness, used alcohol or marijuana, believed that smoking can help people relax, received pocket money each week and had a family member or close friend who smoked cigarettes.

Conclusion

School-based tobacco prevention programs need to be grade-sensitive and comprehensive in scope; include strategies that can increase students' attachment to their school; and address multi-substance use, tobacco-related beliefs and the use of pocket money. These programs should also reach out to students who have smoking friends and family members. Schools located in rural settings may require additional resources.
Building knowledge development and exchange capacity in Canada: lessons from Youth Excel
Authors: Riley B , Wong K , Manske S
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Youth Excel was a 3-year pan-Canadian initiative to advance youth health through improving knowledge development and exchange (KDE) capacity. KDE capacity refers to an improvement cycle linking evidence and action. Capacities include local surveillance of youth behaviours; knowledge exchange; skills, resources and a supportive environment to use knowledge; and evaluation.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with Youth Excel members, including 7 provincial teams and 2 national organizations. Interviews explored participant experiences with building KDE capacity.

Results

Local surveillance systems were considered the backbone to KDE capacity, strengthened by co-ordinating surveys within and across jurisdictions and using common indicators and measures. The most effective knowledge exchange included tailored products and opportunities for dialogue and action planning. Evaluation is the least developed KDE component. Building KDE capacity requires frequent dialogue, mutually beneficial partnerships and trust. It also requires attention to language, vision, strategic leadership and funding.

Conclusion

Youth Excel reinforces the need for a KDE system to improve youth health that will require new perspectives and sustained commitment from individual champions and relevant organizations.
Short Communication - The role of animal-sourced insulin in the treatment of type 1 diabetes and its availability
Authors: Klein AV , Taylor E , Legaré C , Vu D , Griffiths E
Published: October 2020

As a result of a number of factors, the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes has moved away from using insulin of beef or pork origin to using recombinant (biosynthetic) insulin preparations. However, some people with type 1 diabetes can manage their diabetes better using animal-sourced insulin. Despite dwindling options and decreased production, animal-sourced insulin—and pork insulin in particular—is still available on the Canadian market.
This communication describes the actions taken by Health Canada with respect to the availability of animal insulin.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Beyin Temelli Öğrenmeye Yönelik Görüşleri
Authors: ÖZAYDIN ÖZKARA Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Betül
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi eğitimde beyin temelli öğrenme yöntemi kullanan özel bir okulda öğretmenlerin beyin temelli öğrenme hakkındaki görüşlerini belirlemektir. Öncelikle belirlenen okulun haftalık programları incelenmiş, izlenen eğitim yönteminin beyin temelli öğrenme olduğundan emin olunmuştur. Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde şubesi bulunan okulun Akdeniz bölgesindeki kurumunda çalışan 10 okul öncesi öğretmen ile 2018-2019 Güz döneminde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Toplanan veriler kuram oluşturma yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler açık kodlama, eksenel kodlama ve seçici kodlama ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda ideal öğrenme çıktısını etkileyen üç ana faktör olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değişkenler dıştan içe doğru; iklim, eğitim programı ve davranışlar olarak sıralanmaktadır. Davranış öğrencilerin eğitim sürecinde yapması gerekenleri, eğitim programı öğretmelerin bu süreçte uygulayacağı davranışları, iklim ise ortam ile ilgili durumları içermektedir. Değişkenlerin her biri bir alt katmanı doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak etkilemektedir. Araştırma sonunda yapılan önerilerden bazıları şu şekildedir: öğrencilerin aktif katılımları teşvik edilmeli, öğrencilerin yaptıkları çalışmaları gerçek bağlamda deneyimleme fırsatı oluşturulmalıdır.
“The Comedy about David and Galiad” in Context of Western European Drama of the 16th–17th Centuries
Authors: Kaplun М. V.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to “The Comedy about David and Galiad,” staged at the court of Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich in 1676, in the context of Western European drama of the 16th–17th centuries. The material was a mounting sheet of the comedy of 1676, plays by French playwrights of the 16th century and texts of Russian court plays of the 1670s. The paper shows that the Russian comedy based on the story of David and Goliath fit well into the context of religious drama and could be correlated with the events of the Church reform in Russia. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the plays of the French Calvinist playwrights Joachim de Coignac and Louis De Masur in order to identify common typological features of the Russian play and Western drama. The play ‘Temir-Aksakov Action” by Yu. M. Givner was brought to consideration in order to put forward a hypothesis about the possible author of the play of German origin. The author presents the latest development of the reconstruction of “The Comedy about David and Galiad,” based on a comparative approach and typological analysis of the literary and historical context of the 16th–17th centuries. The analysis shows the content aspect of the Russian play about David and Goliath, which incorporated the characteristic features of the Moscow court drama of the last third of the 17th century.
Features of the Folk Ideas Reflection about Fate in the Signs and Superstitions of Social groups in Vladivostok
Authors: Kiseleva М. S.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the signs and superstitions collected in 2014-2019 in Vladivostok and stored in the archives of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Far Eastern Federal University. The respondents were representatives of a number of social and professional groups: schoolchildren, students, doctors, sailors, fishermen, divers, taxi drivers and drivers. The following are considered in the texts: signs of the other world, foreshadowing a favorable or unfavorable outcome of events; special words / phrases that must / must not be said so as not to scare or attract good luck; actions that must / must not be performed; cumulative realization of signs, words and actions. It is proved that the signs and superstitions recorded among the Russian-speaking residents of Vladivostok are directly related to the complex of traditional ideas about fate. It is noted that superstitions are also based on the idea that a person is the creator of his own destiny, capable of attracting and retaining good luck, and building a dialogue with the other world. The assumption is made that the identified and described signs and superstitions have regional specificity: the territory of their existence is an outpost of Russia in the Far East. The changes that occur in omens and superstitions under the influence of the peculiarities of life and the organization of life of native speakers in a situation of cultural borderland are commented on.