bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Biomedical Waste on Cuttack City
Authors: Pal Puspalata , Kumar Sarangi Dhirendra
Published: August 2018

Waste generated from health care centres and its management are emerging issues in India. The improper management of such wastes has adverse impact on health and environment. Though these wastes constitute a small portion of the total waste but very special handling , treatment and disposal are needed to manage such wastes because of their highly toxic and infectious nature. There are seven major specialized government hospitals in Cuttack City. According to the Chief District Medical Officer, Cuttack there are 131 registered and more than 300 unregistered nursing homes, clinics, pathology and diagnostics centres also which generate huge quantity of biomedical wastes. Most of the health care centres of the City are either dumping the wastes in the municipal bins or Mahanadi river and Taladanda canal side or hand over the waste to the unauthorised private parties. This is ultimately collected by rag pickers for reuse.Unlawful disposal of these wastes by healthcare cenres can contribute to the spread of serious diseases such as hepatitis, AIDS (HIV) and other deadly diseases. The present study focuses upon the management practice followed in Cuttack City by the Hospitals and and large number of other health care centres and the impact of biomedical waste on environment. According to the study ,the unethical open dumping and unsegregaed mixed biomedical waste were found in municipal bins is a serious health hazards for rag pickers and also to the hospital staff and the public. The study also found that wastes generated from the radio diagonostics centres, and the laboratory units disposed off directly into the municipal sewer without proper disinfection of pathogens, ultimately flowing to the river Mahanadi and Kathajodi and also to the Taladanda canal through various drains of the city. The results of the study showed that there is an adverse impact of the biomedical wastes on Cuttack city due to mismanagement which needs strict enforcement of laws and other legal provisions for better environmental management system for the disposal of biomedical waste in order to bring back congenial and healthy environment for city dwellers.
Deficits in preference-based health-related quality of life after complications associated with tibial fracture
Authors: Gitajn I. L. , Titus A. J. , Tosteson A. N. , Sprague S. , Jeray K. , Petrisor B. , Swiontkowski M. , Bhandari M. , Slobogean G.
Published: August 2018

Aims

The aims of this study were to quantify health state utility values (HSUVs) after a tibial fracture, investigate the effect of complications, to determine the trajectory in HSUVs that result in these differences and to quantify the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) experienced by patients.

Patients and Methods

This is an analysis of 2138 tibial fractures enrolled in the Fluid Lavage of Open Wounds (FLOW) and Study to Prospectively Evaluate Reamed Intramedullary Nails in Patients with Tibial Fractures (SPRINT) trials. Patients returned for follow-up at two and six weeks and three, six, nine and 12 months. Short-Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D) values were calculated and used to calculate QALYs.

Results

Compared with those who did not have a complication, those with a complication treated either nonoperatively or operatively had lower HSUVs at all times after two weeks. The HSUVs improved in all patients with the passage of time. However, they did not return to the remembered baseline preinjury values nor to US age-adjusted normal values by 12 months after the injury.

Conclusion

While the acute fracture and complications may have resolved clinically, the detrimental effect on a patient’s quality of life persists up to 12 months after the injury. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1227–33.
The effect of haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation on fracture healing in a rabbit model
Authors: Brady J. , Hardy B. M. , Yoshino O. , Buxton A. , Quail A. , Balogh Z. J.
Published: August 2018

Aims

Little is known about the effect of haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation on fracture healing. This study used a rabbit model with a femoral osteotomy and fixation to examine this relationship.

Materials and Methods

A total of 18 male New Zealand white rabbits underwent femoral osteotomy with intramedullary fixation with ‘shock’ (n = 9) and control (n = 9) groups. Shock was induced in the study group by removal of 35% of the total blood volume 45 minutes before resuscitation with blood and crystalloid. Fracture healing was monitored for eight weeks using serum markers of healing and radiographs.

Results

Four animals were excluded due to postoperative complications. The serum concentration of osteocalcin was significantly elevated in the shock group postoperatively (p < 0.0001). There were otherwise no differences with regard to serum markers of bone healing. The callus index was consistently increased in the shock group on anteroposterior (p = 0.0069) and lateral (p = 0.0165) radiographs from three weeks postoperatively. The control group showed an earlier decrease of callus index. Radiographic scores were significantly greater in the control group (p = 0.0025).

Conclusion

In a rabbit femoral osteotomy model with intramedullary fixation, haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation produced larger callus but with evidence of delayed remodelling. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1234–40.
FLUXOS DE CARBONO E EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE FEIJÃO COMUM SOB CONDIÇÕES DE SEQUEIRO
Authors: Ribeiro Apolo Alves , Lima José Romualdo De Sousa , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas , Souza Rodolfo Marcondes Silva , Souza Eduardo Soares de
Published: August 2018

Os fluxos de carbono (CO2) e a evapotranspiração (ET) são processos fundamentais relacionados ao sequestro de carbono e vêm sendo medidos em diversos ecossistemas mundiais. Apesar da cultura do feijão ter grande importância econômica e social, nenhuma pesquisa medindo esses fluxos foi realizada nas condições semiáridas do agreste pernambucano. Assim, no presente trabalho, objetivou-se determinar os fluxos de CO2 e a ET do feijão em condições de sequeiro. O estudo foi realizado no município de São João‑PE (8º 51’ 17,9’’ S, 36º 22’ 48’’ O e altitude de 694 m), durante o período de 31/05 (13 dias após o plantio) a 20/08/2013 (12 dias após a colheita), sendo os fluxos de carbono, água e energia determinados pelo método da correlação dos turbilhões. Também foram medidos o índice de área foliar (IAF) e a biomassa aérea do feijão. Verificou-se que a maior parte (69%) do saldo de radiação foi usada como fluxo de calor latente. Em relação à ET, observou-se que o valor total durante todo período experimental foi de 179,3 mm, com média de 2,2 mm d‑1. Os fluxos de CO2 variaram de -0,75 a -11,21 mmol m-2 s-1, indicando a ocorrência de sequestro de carbono pela cultura. A cultura sequestrou 49 kg de C ha-1 d-1, o equivalente a 4,0 t de C ha-1 durante o período experimental.
APLICAÇÃO DE ÍNDICES ECONÔMICOS EM TOUROS GIR LEITEIRO E A SUAS CORRELAÇÕES COM OS PARÂMETROS GENÉTICOS
Authors: Paulinelli Vieira Wanderson Bahia , Mota Katiuscia Cristina das Neves
Published: August 2018

As características de adaptação conferem às raças zebuínas condições positivas para produção em sistemas tropicais, por essa razão podem ser encontradas em quase todo rebanho nacional, a de maior destaque é o Gir Leiteiro. Nas últimas três décadas, avanços genéticos foram realizados para a melhoria da raça, em que o teste de progênie é uma das ferramentas utilizadas para identificar animais de alta produção. Os resultados destes testes são divulgados através da publicação anual do sumário da raça. Pesquisadores desenvolveram índices econômicos para mensurar o diferencial econômico promovido pelos reprodutores. Objetivou-se aplicar índices econômicos nas avaliações genéticas de touros Gir Leiteiro e estudar as correlações entre os valores econômicos e as características avaliadas. As características avaliadas foram a produção de leite, gordura, proteína, idade ao primeiro parto e o grupo a qual os animais pertenciam. Verificou-se elevada correlação entre os índices econômicos e produção de leite, ao passo que a correlação entre os índices e a idade ao primeiro parto foi baixa. Para as demais características, os índices apresentaram correlação moderada.
CRESCIMENTO, PRODUÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE BIOMASSA DE ACÁCIA (Acacia mangium Willd) EM RESPOSTA AO MÉTODO DE CULTIVO
Authors: Galdino da Silva Mileny , Guenther Costa da Silva Gualter , Maria Mota Oliveira Ermelinda , Cavalcante dos Santos Rosimeire , Vinícius Oliveira Castro Renato
Published: August 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento, produção e distribuição de biomassa da acácia (Acacia mangium Willd) de 1 a 4 anos de idade, em resposta aos dois métodos de cultivo (menos A0 e mais intensivo A1). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (4 anos x 2 métodos de cultivo), com dois tratamentos (métodos de cultivo) e quatro repetições, totalizando oito parcelas. No tratamento A1 teve um preparo inicial do solo, onde utilizou-se esterco bovino (4,0 t ha-1), superfosfato triplo (146,0 kg ha-1) distribuídos em sulcos e calcário (2,0 t/ha) e NPK (6-30-6: 100 g/planta) em covas laterais. No tratamento A0 foi aplicado apenas NPK (6-30-6: 100 g/planta) em covas laterais. O crescimento de cada árvore foi quantificado através das variáveis: diâmetro da altura do peito (DAP), mensurado em centímetros, e altura, mensurada em metros. A partir destes dados, foram calculados a área basal (m2 ha-1), volume (m3 ha-1) e incremento médio anual (m3 ha-1 ano-1). O método de cultivo mais intensivo teve maior influência nas variáveis estudadas (crescimento, produção e quantidade de biomassa), ressaltando assim a importância do manejo do solo adequado para o crescimento inicial da espécie. O preparo de solo, na linha de plantio, juntamente com a adubação de fundação, com adição de esterco, NPK, Superfosfato triplo e calcário influenciaram positivamente o crescimento e a produção de biomassa da acácia.
QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE MILHO TRATADAS COM DIFERENTES INSETICIDAS
Authors: Espindola Fernando , Lima Paulo Ricardo , Borsoi Augustinho , Ecco Martios , Rampim Leandro
Published: August 2018

O tratamento de sementes é um método eficiente para prevenir danos iniciais de pragas às sementes e plântulas. Entretanto, ainda é necessário avaliar a influência dos inseticidas e seus efeitos na qualidade fisiológicas das sementes. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho tratadas com diferentes inseticidas. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições de 50 sementes para cada tratamento. As sementes foram submetidas a quatro tratamentos com os inseticidas: imidacloprid + tiodicarbe; thiamethoxam; fipronil e um controle sem tratamento. As variáveis analisadas foram: porcentagem de plântulas normais (PN); plântulas anormais (PA); plântulas mortas (PM); comprimento da parte aérea (CPA); comprimento da raiz (CR) e biomassa seca de plântulas (MS). O tratamento com o inseticida thiamethoxam não interferiu na qualidade fisiológica das sementes, portanto não houve prejuízos no desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas, enquanto os inseticidas fipronil e imidacloprid + tiodicarbe afetaram negativamente a qualidade fisiológica das sementes
Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy and Logistics of Administration of Three Types of Therapeutic Feeds to Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)
Authors: Sujata Saunik , Mrudula Phadke , Raji Nair , Jatin Khosla , Tarun Patel , Aparna Ganesh
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To analyse safety, tolerability, efficacy and logistic issues related to administration of 3 types of therapeutic feeds to children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) from tribal district of Nandurbar, Maharashtra.

Design:
A three arm open label, block randomized trial using 3 therapeutic feeds i.e. commercially available ready to use therapeutic feed (C-RUTF), locally prepared ready to use therapeutic feed ( L-RUTF) & amylase rich food(ARF) was given to 1092 tribal children of SAM in Nandurbar District, Maharashtra, India during 2014-2015.

Setting:
Tribal district of Nandurbar, Maharashtra.

Participants:
1092 children of SAM, 766 on C-RUTF, 184 on L-RUTF & 143 on ARF followed on treatment for 8 weeks.

Outcomes:
The recovery rates in the three groups, any untoward effects during treatment and logistic aspects of procurement, delivery, storage & administration of therapeutic feeds.

Results:
Total number of children with SAM were 1092.

Gr 1 – Out of 765 children of SAM,

404 (52.8%) recovered on C-RUTF.

Gr 2 – 80 (43.5%) recovered out of 184 on L-RUTF.

Gr 3 – 64 (44.8%) recovered on ARF at the end of 8 weeks of treatment, the difference being statistically significant between C-RUTF & others.

Out of 38 children on C-RUTF, it was observed that 1 had diarrhoea, 1 had vomiting, 1 had fever, 4 children reported more activity in terms of playfulness, more speaking & smiling. 31 children had nothing specific to report.

Out of 34 children on L-RUTF, 6 children reported diarrhoea, 1 had vomiting & 4 children reported fever. 3 children reported more activity. 23 children had nothing specific to report.

Out of 19 children on ARF, 1 had diarrhoea, 1 had vomiting, 1 had fever, 3 reported more activity. 13 had nothing specific to report.

Untoward effects were noted in 3 out of 38 (7.89%) in C-RUTF group, 11 out of 34 (32.35%) in L-RUTF group and 3 out of 19 (15.7%) in ARF group.

Conclusion:
C-RUTF was found to be more efficacious, with least untoward effects, easy to administer and was more palatable when compared to L-RUTF & ARF.
Advising for Sustainability: A Challenge
Authors: Wanko Cheryl
Published: August 2018

Our society needs sustainable solutions to unprecedented and interconnected environmental, social, and economic problems. Advisors must join campus colleagues who are incorporating sustainability into institutional operations and curricula by engaging in “advising for sustainability.” This article first provides practical ways to take advantage of the unique opportunities offered to advisors by recommending and discussing academic options related to sustainability. It also interrogates advising’s teaching function and suggests that, by adapting critical pedagogy to our advising practices, we can engage in reflective advising conversations that probe our institutional complicity in global environmental crisis and urge our students to interrogate their behaviors and goals to embrace more sustainable ones.
From the Editors-in-Chief
Authors: Bumbalough Matthew , Sewell Adrienne
Published: August 2018

We want to thank our editorial team for making this issue a possibility, and for all of the submissions we received from our authors. Without them, this inaugural issue would not be possible.
CORPORATION CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY MODEL BASED ON RESTORATIVE JUSTICE APPROACH IN INDONESIA
Authors: Pujiyono Pujiyono
Published: August 2018

Based on delinquiry non-potes doctrine, perpetrator and criminal responsibility are done by human (natuurlijk persoonen). Modernity can not be avoided by the development of corporation function. A research is needed to be conducted to answer questions whether criminal law is effective to overcome corporate crime and which corporation criminal responsibility model that can keep the balance of the protection of society and corporation interests through restorative justice approach. This study focuses on finding a win-win solution model of corporation criminal responsibility policy to keep the balance of the protection of society and corporation interests. This study used normative juridical method based on the secondary data,. The result of this research shows that criminal law with its retributive approach and its action which focus on the perpetrator is ineffective to handle corporate crime, because it ignores the victim To overcome those problems, corporation criminal responsibility model based on restorative justice approach in the form of “dual track system selective” is introduced.  Keywords: Criminal Responsibility, Corporation and Restorative Justice
AIR SOVEREIGNTY AND NO-FLY ZONES
Authors: Pramono Agus
Published: August 2018

Sovereignty of a state in essence is an embedded, basic element of a state as a supreme power. However, the sovereignty of a state can only be applied within its own borders, where outside of its own territory the sovereignty of another country takes over. This research was carried out based on the approach of current legal regulations and review of literature. The study showed that airspace sovereignty is, in principle, embedded to a state of which ownership is exclusive in nature. No-fly zones are airspace in which a sovereign state determines to be restricted for flight traffic based on the existing international and national regulations. Keywords: State sovereignty, No-fly zone, International law
MANAGEMENT, DISTRIBUTION, AND REDEMPTION OF VILLAGE FUND
Authors: Diamantina Amalia
Published: August 2018

One on the policies following the change of politics of law in village management is the allocation of Village Fund in the state budget. The management, distribution, and redemption of Village Fund, as well as the obstacles and how to overcome the problems were studied. The research method used was normative. The distribution and redemption arrangements of Village Fund were related to the coordination and communication of three Ministries, Regency / City and Village, village assistants, the requirements of administration and finance, and human resource capacity. The obstacles in the management, distribution, and redemption of Village Fund were that the requirements in the management and the coordination of distribution and redemption of Village Fund have not been met by villages and the villages lacked of preparation. It was overcome by the harmonization of legislation, improved coordination, acceleration of compliance, and increase in the capacity of village officials
SHARIA GOVERNANCE ON ISLAMIC BANKING: SPIRITUAL RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE ON CONSUMER PROTECTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Setyowati Ro’fah , Abubakar Lastuti , Rodliah Nunung
Published: August 2018

Governance is a trait that should be attached to the institutions that perform public services. In Islamic banking, known as sharia governance, so that the principles of sharia could be optimized. But in reality, the Islamic banking practices do not meet the basic principles of the sharia governance. Based on these problems, this paper aims to examine in depth about the urgency of sharia governance; further it also explore the intersection between the sharia governance with the concept of spiritual rights for consumers. This paper using a philosophical approach, juridical, and practical. The result of this study, as a right, that right of spiritual need to get the guaranteed protection of the implementation of sharia governance. Attention to these spiritual rights protections needed to build the Islamic banking industry has high credibility, in order to gain public confidence. Credibility is meant is that if customers have confidence that Islamic banking upholds Islamic principles in operation
THE ROLE OF JUSTICE COLLABORATOR IN UNCOVERING CRIMINAL CASES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Thalib Hambali , Rahman Sufirman , Semendawai Abdul Haris
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this research is to study the role of justice collaborator in uncovering who is the mastermind behind a major crime in the act of criminal law, and also not only end on a minor defendant (field defendant). The empirical law research methods is conducted on the Commission Eradication Commission (KPK) and the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK). The results shows that the role of justice collaborator facilitates the verification in the criminal judicial process in order to totally reveal the well-organized transnational crime. In this context, corruption in Indonesia is committed collectively, the existence of regulations on justice collaborator is a legal instrument that is expected to strengthen the collection of Form of Evidence dan Real Evidence at the trial
DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGES OF INDONESIA IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA ERA
Authors: Nurhayati Nunik , Suryadi Rohmad
Published: August 2018

The era of social media today bring significant change to democracy in Indonesia. Social media can to bring the expansion of the public space in cyberspace, citizens can directly deliver aspirations regarding the state policy. However, on the other side, social media vulnerable to abuse because of many the anonymous account, which acts as the buzzer political influence public perceptions and to get political support but is not elegant way. This shows, social media provides a challenge to democracy, including Indonesia as a third largest country that has access to the social media in the world's. Based on it’s the problems, this research aims to identify the impact of the social media on democratic life, and how the challenges of democracy in Indonesia ahead in the social media today.This Research using qualitative methods. Data collection through the study of literature. Then analyzed with a critical discourse analysis. The results of the study showed that the impact of social media in Indonesia has brought problems such as hoax, which is currently a serious concern of the government. Attempts were made through the campaign against hoax and make regulation, Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law), which aims to regulate the use of social media and to prevent hoaxes. The life of democracy in Indonesia receive significant challenges,but of the repressive laws against users of social media may actually weaken the democratic life in Indonesia.
Contractual Liability of Online Platform Operators: European Proposals and established Principles
Authors: Maultzsch Felix
Published: August 2018

The contractual responsibility of online platform operators has been subject to an intensive debate in the recent past. While the operators of transaction platforms usually seek the role of mere intermediaries without considerable liability for the proper performance of the main contracts, there is increasing support for extending their responsibility. The ‘Discussion Draft of a Directive on Online Intermediary Platforms’, published by a group of European scholars in 2016, can be seen as an important landmark in this debate. The following article will analyse the provisions of this draft on the platform operators’ liability towards the users of the platform. It shall be argued that strict transparency requirements on the role of the platform operators are to be welcomed but that other proposals for a tightened liability based on the idea of economic influence do not accord with established contractual principles which should hold true for the platform economy as well.
Explaining Trump’s Support: What We Saw and Heard At His Campaign Rallies
Authors: Dickinson Matthew J.
Published: August 2018

More than a year after his surprise victory, scholars continue to debate why Donald Trump won the 2016 presidential election. Two explanations – economic anxiety and racial resentment – are commonly cited. Drawing on open-ended interviews with Trump supporters and observations at multiple Trump campaign rallies, we find that both explanations, as commonly presented, do not fully capture the dynamics underlying Trump’s support. Rather than racial animosity or concern over their personal economic status, we believe that Trump’s supporters were primarily focused on what they saw as an increasingly biased political and economic system that no longer rewarded hard work and playing by the rules.
Following Fenno: Learning from Senate Candidates in the Age of Social Media and Party Polarization
Authors: Parker David C.W.
Published: August 2018

Students of American politics are indebted to Richard Fenno’s path-breaking work,Home Style, published four decades ago. But, given the book’s widespread acclaim, few have taken Fenno’s prescription to go back home with members of Congress to heart. In this essay, I echo Fenno’s call for scholars to become participant-observers of the political process while offering the modern “soaker and poker” a guide to the pitfalls and opportunities of pursuing such a research project. I respond to Fenno’s methodological treatise, written as the appendix toHome Style, focusing in particular on gaining access and how to remain publicly engaged while observing a competitive Senate campaign. I discuss how changes in American political culture create additional wrinkles for participant observation that must be considered, especially if scholars chose to remain engaged in public outreach. I conclude by addressing the need to consider carefully the ethics of engaging the political world we study, particularly in the light of the Stanford-Dartmouth experiment scandal rocking Montana in the weeks preceding the state’s 2014 judicial elections. We may not all do participant observation, but we should follow Fenno when considering the implications of interfering in the political world as we study it.
Regional Development Discrepancies in the Eastern European Union Analysed through the Prism of Growth Determinants
Authors: Ignatov Augustin
Published: August 2018

The twenty-first century is characterised by major shifts in the global economic paradigms. Europe constantly diminishes its importance in the world slowly drifting towards the secondary roles in determining the progress of human civilisation. The European Union as the main integrational structure on the continent is set to offer Europe a global perspective and consolidate the member countries’ common influence in international relations. Several enlargement waves were undertaken comprising countries of different economic development level. The main mechanism of the European Union in enhancing the economic cohesion among the member states is the Regional policy. The largest portion of financing is allocated towards enhancing the economic potential of least developed EU regions. Considering this fact, the present research is set to analyse the inter-regional development discrepancies in the Eastern European countries i.  e. Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria in the context of raising global competition and to identify the key economic growth determinants of the nations. The results underline that there is a strong necessity to empower the prerogatives of the EU to increase its ability to decide the issues related to discrepancies reduction, infrastructure investments and improvement of the regional business opportunities.
Laughter and humour in high-stakes academic ELF interactions: an analysis of laughter episodes in PhD defences/vivas
Authors: Mežek Špela
Published: August 2018

This study investigates the uses and functions of laughter and humour in a corpus of nine PhD defences/vivas. The data include the PhD defences in their entirety, including monologic and dialogic talk by participants from a variety of research cultures. The defences were video-recorded and transcribed, and laughter episodes analysed according to who laughed, who the source of “the laughable” was, what the reason for laughing was and at what point laughter occurred. The analysis reveals that a majority of laughter was non-humorous, produced by one person, and had the function of mitigating face threats to speakers and others. Humorous laughter was usually produced by more than one person and had the function of relieving tension, creating a non-adversarial atmosphere and building a community. These results are connected to the communicative purposes of the participants; the participants’ mutual aim is to examine an academic work and confirm the candidate’s membership in their chosen specialisation, which requires cooperation from all parties. Furthermore, although the participants come from different research cultures where humour can have a different presence and function, this study shows that laughter and humour are frequent and fill an important function in ELF interactions in high-stakes academic situations.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Changing Perspectives of Mexican Immigration following an Online Multicultural Literature Experience
Authors: Howrey Shannon Tovey
Published: August 2018

Misconceptions, stereotypes, and deficit views of Mexican immigrants are pervasive in the current U.S. media. Such views are inconsistent with culturally responsive pedagogy, and teachers who hold them will be impeded in their abilities to teach Mexican immigrant children effectively (Nathenson-Mejia & Escamilla, 2003). Research supports the notion that many teachers become more culturally responsive as a result of reading multicultural children’s literature (Nieto, 2013). Few studies, however, have looked specifically at literature with Mexican immigration themes, and fewer still have been done specifically with undergraduate pre-service teachers or utilizing critical discourse methodology. In this study, four pre-service teachers read and discussed the children’s novel Return to Sender in an online discussion board over four weeks. Critical discourse analysis of changes in participants ways of representing, ways of interacting, and ways of being (Fairclough, 2003) over the four weeks indicated that some participants developed more empathetic views toward Mexican immigrants, while others did not. These differences seemed related to the stance (Rosenblatt, 1978) they adopted when approaching the text. These findings may inform teacher educators as they plan multicultural literature experiences that promote culturally responsive understandings of the experiences of Mexican immigrant and other children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
Crystal structure of 4,4′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1H-imidazol-3-ium)bis(2-carboxybenzoate), C30H26N4O8
Authors: Sheng Liang-Quan
Published: August 2018

C30H26N4O8, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.6363(7) Å, b = 9.0231(9) Å, c = 22.082(2) Å, β = 92.765(2)°, V =1320.7(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0455, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1234, T = 296(2) K.
Exploiting TLS Client Authentication for Widespread User Tracking
Authors: Foppe Lucas , Martin Jeremy , Mayberry Travis , Rye Erik C. , Brown Lamont
Published: August 2018

TLS, and SSL before it, has long supported the option for clients to authenticate to servers using their own certificates, but this capability has not been widely used. However, with the development of its Push Notification Service, Apple has deployed this technology on millions of devices for the first time. Wachs et al. [42] determined iOS client certificates could be used by passive network adversaries to track individual devices across the internet. Subsequently, Apple has patched their software to fix this vulnerability. We show these countermeasures are not effective by demonstrating three novel active attacks against TLS Client Certificate Authentication that are successful despite the defenses. Additionally, we show these attacks work against all known instances of TLS Client Certificate Authentication, including smart cards like those widely deployed by the Estonian government as part of their Digital ID program. Our attacks include in-path man-in-the-middle versions as well as a more powerful on-path attack that can be carried out without full network control.
Artificial neural network for predicting the flexural bond strength of FRP bars in concrete
Authors: Köroğlu Mehmet Alpaslan
Published: August 2018

The bond strength between fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars and concrete is one of the most significant aspects of composite behaviour for rebars and concrete. In this study, a database of 408 beam type specimens consisting of beam end specimens, beam anchorage specimens and splice beam specimens was compiled from the current literature and used to develop a simple prediction using the artificial neural network (ANN). The data used for modelling were organised in a format of eight input parameters that include FRP type, cover bar surface, confinement, bar diameter (db
), concrete compressive strength

(

f
c

)

$(\sqrt {{f_c}} )$

, minimum cover-to-bar-diameter ratio (c/db
), bar-development-length-to-bar-diameter ratio (l/db
), and the ratio of the area of transverse reinforcement to the product of transverse reinforcement spacing, the number of developed bars and bar diameters (Atr
/snd
b
). Additionally, a simple prediction formula by regression analysis was developed. The root mean square error and R
2 values of the testing data were found in order to compare the results of both ANN and the proposed model with existing regulations. The new ANN model predicts the bond strength of FRP bars in reinforced concrete with 0.8989 R
2, thus yielding better results when compared with existing regulations.
Enttäuschung als Politikressource
Authors: Gotto Bernhard
Published: August 2018

Vorspann

Die westdeutsche Friedensbewegung erzielte anfangs beeindruckende Mobilisierungserfolge, musste dann aber zahlreiche Rückschläge einstecken. Enttäuschung machte sich breit, ihr Sturz in die Bedeutungslosigkeit ließ aber auf sich warten. Bernhard Gotto, Mitarbeiter des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte und Koordinator der Leibniz Graduate School „Enttäuschung im 20. Jahrhundert. Utopieverlust - Verweigerung - Neuverhandlung“, analysiert die Ursachen dieser erstaunlichen Selbstbehauptung und verweist dabei vor allem auf das raffinierte Gefühlsmanagement, das die Friedensbewegung im Umgang mit Rückschlägen und Misserfolgen entwickelt hatte. Es immunisierte gegen Frustration und Resignation, ihm war es sogar zu verdanken, dass aus Enttäuschungen Lerneffekte resultierten, die zur Vitalisierung der Demokratie als Lebensform führten.
Comparison of Linear and Reverse Linear Periodized Programs With Equated Volume and Intensity for Endurance Running Performance
Authors: Bradbury Duncan G. , Landers Grant J. , Benjanuvatra Nat , Goods Paul S.R.
Published: August 2018

Bradbury, DG, Landers, GJ, Benjanuvatra, N, and Goods, PS. Comparison of linear and reverse linear periodized programs with equated volume and intensity for endurance running performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1345–1353, 2020—This investigation examined the effectiveness of 2 periodization methods on endurance running performance. Thirty recreational runners (25.2 ± 7.4 years; 175.4 ± 8.1 cm; 69.0 ± 9.8 kg) were assigned to 3 groups based on preintervention test results: linear periodization group (LPG, n = 10), reverse linear periodization group (RPG, n = 10), and control group (CG, n = 10). The LPG and RPG completed 3 training sessions (2 supervised and 1 unsupervised) per week in two 6-week blocks. The LPG went through a high-volume training program while the RPG performed higher intensity, lower volume training in the initial block. Training volume and intensity was reversed in the second 6-week training block. All subjects completed pre-training (week 0), midpoint (week 7), and post-training (week 14) testing, which included anthropometric measurements (body mass and sum of 8 skinfolds), treadmill tests for running economy (RE) and V̇O2max, and a 5,000-m time trial (TT) on a 400-m grass track. Greater improvements in the 5,000-m TT were observed in the LPG (76.8 ± 55.8 seconds, p = 0.009, d = 1.27) and the RPG (112.8 ± 83.4 seconds, p = 0.002, d = 1.51) than the CG (3.6 ± 59 seconds). No significant differences were found between the LPG and RPG (p = 0.321, d = 0.51). No group differences were found for V̇O2peak (p = 0.955) or RE at 9 km·h−1 (p = 0.329) or 11 km·h−1 (p = 0.558), respectively. However, significant improvements were seen in these variables after training: V̇O2peak (p = 0.010), RE 9 km·h−1 (p < 0.001), and RE 11 km·h−1 (p = 0.004). These results do not support linear periodization or reverse linear periodization as a superior method; however, periodized training elicited greater improvements in endurance performance than nonperiodized training, highlighting the importance of planned training structure.
Influence of Menthol on Recovery From Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Authors: Gillis D. Jason , Vellante Aurora , Gallo Joseph A. , D'Amico Anthony P.
Published: August 2018

Gillis, DJ, Vellante, A, Gallo, JA, and D'Amico, AP. Influence of menthol on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 451–462, 2020—This study assessed the influence of menthol, a cold receptor agonist, on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Forty-seven healthy males were allocated to a Control (CON, n = 18), Placebo (P, n = 14), or 4.0% Menthol (M, n = 15) condition. Participants were familiarized with a testing battery (TB) including: perception of lower-body muscle soreness, hip flexion/abduction range of motion, vertical jump (VJ), and the agility T-test. Muscle damage was induced on day 1 using 40 × 15-m sprints with a 5-m deceleration zone. The TB immediately followed this and was repeated once-daily for 5 days. Over this time, participants in M and P applied gels to the lower body immediately after sprinting and twice-daily thereafter, whereas CON did nothing. Dependent variables were compared by condition using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05), and mean differences with 90% confidence intervals were calculated with small, moderate, and large effects. A significant difference by condition (p < 0.05) in muscle soreness was found, and moderate to large effects were observed in the reduction of muscle soreness with P, compared with M or CON, indicating a placebo effect. A reduction in VJ height across all conditions was observed, with a significant effect (p < 0.05) by condition, and moderate to large effects (1–5 cm) were observed in its preservation with menthol, compared with P or CON. No other differences were observed. These findings raise the possibility that menthol influences recovery of lower-body power after EIMD, and this may have practical implications for menthol's use when recovery of muscle power is important.
Derechos de los animales: la legislación nacional interna como barrera legal para el reconocimiento de la subjetividad jurídica animal
Authors: Herrera Silva Brayan
Published: August 2018

Siempre que se hace referencia a los sujetos de derechos normalmente se asimila este con el concepto de persona, entendiendo a este como la única concepción que existe dentro de la categoría de sujetos de derechos sin que se incluyan otras concepciones tales como la de sujeto de relevancia jurídica, sujeto de especial protección, etc. Así pues, el presente trabajo aborda las cuestiones que giran en torno al estatus jurídico que poseen los animales al interior del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, de forma tal que permita evidenciar si estos pueden ser reconocidos como sujetos de derechos y si en caso de ser procedente dicho reconocimiento, tal concepción es extensiva a todos los animales o esta se ve truncada a partir de la concepción antropocéntrica inmersa en el derecho colombiano, la cual se constituye como barrera legal para el reconocimiento de una subjetividad jurídica animal de todos los seres que históricamente se han visto sometidos a prácticas humanas.
El Hermano hombre de Fernando Soto Aparicio
Authors: Cadena Afanador Walter René
Published: August 2018

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo describir la obra Hermano hombre de Fernando Soto Aparicio tomando como base su estructura narrativa, la caracterización de sus personajes y algunas de sus reflexiones más representativas. El libro tiene 37 años de haber sido publicado y mantiene su vigencia por cuanto hace una atemporal evaluación de la realidad social del país tanto en regiones apartadas, como en sus principales centros urbanos, abordando temáticas de constante preocupación del ser humano contemporáneo. Como resultado, se identifican tres ejes de análisis como son Soledad Sombra y Marino Altamar, los dos personajes principales de la obra, así como el “Eclipse de Dios”, título del guion teatral que complementa la novela. La estrategia metodológica de este trabajo es descriptiva, sociojurídica, cualitativa y con consulta de las fuentes principales: la edición original del libro y realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a su autor.
Revisión de la implementación del SITP: la democratización y la provisionalidad
Authors: Fernández Prieto Mauricio Alejandro
Published: August 2018

Este artículo persigue realizar un estudio del proceso de implementación del Sistema Integrado de Transporte Público de Bogotá (SITP), visto como una política pública de movilidad, con la finalidad de encontrar la razón de sus múltiples inconvenientes a lo largo de su trayectoria. Se hará especial énfasis en los antecedentes del sistema, específicamente en dos momentos cruciales para entender el problema a fondo: uno es el proceso de democratización del sistema y el otro es la puesta en marcha del SITP Provisional, plan de emergencia creado para atender la demanda de transporte luego de los retrasos en la implementación inicial; todo bajo diferentes enfoques y modelos existentes para el análisis de las políticas públicas.
Galectin-3 as a potential marker of myocardial hypertrophy in essential hypertension in individuals with polymorphic AT1R genotypes
Authors: V.O. Ruzhanskaya , V.G. Sivak , O.O. Sakovych , J.P. Pashkova , V.M. Zhebel
Published: August 2018

Background: The potential use of plasma galectin-3 level as a of myocardial changes in the development of hypertrophy in males with essential hypertension (EH), carriers of polymorphic variants of II type 1 receptor gene, was studied. The level of brain peptide (BNP), as well as the parameters of central and systemic, and structural and functional parameters of the heart in carriers of polymorphic variants of II type 1 receptor gene, were studied as reference.
Methods: The study included 79 individuals with no signs of cardiovascular disease, and 62 males with stage II EH, aged 40-60, who were residents of Ukraine. All patients were treated at the Military Medical Clinical Center of Central Region of Air Forces of Ukraine and Vinnytsia Regional Specialized Clinical Hospital of Radiation Protection of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, from December 2013 to June 2015. The patients were studied during their treatment at the in-patient department. Anesthetic, clinical and laboratory findings, and measures were entered into a special chart. Biochemical analyses were done upon admission of the patients to the hospital. Immunologic, and instrumental methods of examination were used as well. Statistical analyses of the results obtained were done on a personal computer using standard statistical package STATISTICA 10. Microsoft Excel was used for primary preparations of tables and intermediate calculations.
Results: In patients with EH and myocardial hypertrophy, the C allele of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene was found to be dominating. They had higher levels of both galectin-3 and BNP. The threshold levels of galectin-3 and BNP for screening diagnosis of EH with myocardial hypertrophy in males (who were residents of the Podillya region of Ukraine) were evaluated.
Variations in Neonatal Antibiotic Use
Authors: Schulman Joseph , Profit Jochen , Lee Henry C. , Dueñas Grace , Bennett Mihoko V. , Parucha Janella , Jocson Maria A.L. , Gould Jeffrey B.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:

We sought to identify whether and how the NICU antibiotic use rate (AUR), clinical correlates, and practice variation changed between 2013 and 2016 and attempted to identify AUR ranges that are consistent with objectively determined bacterial and/or fungal disease burdens.

METHODS:

In a retrospective cohort study of >54 000 neonates annually at >130 California NICUs from 2013 to 2016, we computed nonparametric linear correlation and compared AURs among years using a 2-sample test of proportions. We stratified by level of NICU care and participation in externally organized stewardship efforts.

RESULTS:

By 2016, the overall AUR declined 21.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.9%–22.0%), reflecting 42 960 fewer antibiotic days. Among NICUs in externally organized antibiotic stewardship efforts, the AUR declined 28.7% (95% CI 28.6%–28.8%) compared with 16.2% (95% CI 16.1%–16.2%) among others. The intermediate NICU AUR range narrowed, but the distribution of values did not shift toward lower values as it did for other levels of care. The 2016 AUR correlated neither with proven infection nor necrotizing enterocolitis. The 2016 regional NICU AUR correlated with surgical volume (ρ = 0.53; P = .01), mortality rate (ρ = 0.57; P = .004), and average length of stay (ρ = 0.62; P = .002) and was driven by 3 NICUs with the highest AUR values (30%–57%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Unexplained antibiotic use has declined but continues. Currently measured clinical correlates generally do not help explain AUR values that are above the lowest quartile cutpoint of 14.4%.
The Swedish Approach to Management of Extreme Prematurity at the Borderline of Viability: A Historical and Ethical Perspective
Authors: Domellöf Magnus , Jonsson Baldvin
Published: August 2018

Sweden has a long tradition of being at the forefront of the management of extremely preterm infants. In this article, we explore the historical background, ethical discussions, and evidence from national surveys combined with data from quality registers that form the background of the current Swedish guidelines for the care of extremely preterm infants. The current Swedish national guidelines suggest providing active care for preterm infants from 23 weeks’ gestation and considering active care from 22 weeks’ gestation. The survival of infants in gestational weeks 22 and 23 has increased and now exceed 50% and 60%, respectively; importantly, the Swedish proactive approach to care at the border of viability has not resulted in an increased proportion of functional impairment among survivors.
Don’t Rush It: Conservative Care in Denmark
Authors: Greisen Gorm , Henriksen Tine Brink
Published: August 2018

One of the first European NICUs was established at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen in 1965, and mechanical ventilation became the standard of care for preterm infants in 1971. After a failed attempt to extend this to the most immature infants in the early 1980s, a policy with minimally invasive support after birth with nasal continuous positive airway pressure was adopted from the neonatal unit in Odense. The conservative approach was consolidated by a national consensus conference; the lay panel concluded that a lower limit of gestation should be installed and priority should be given to parental counseling and support. This was confirmed some years later by the majority of the members of the Danish Council on Ethics, and questionnaire-based research revealed a significant proportion of the general population that would forego life support in extremely preterm infants. Since the year 2002, the treatment of infants <28 weeks’ gestation at birth has been centralized to 4 university-based NICUs, the treatment policies have been rather uniform, and the survival of infants at 23 weeks’ gestation or less has been unusual. Most recently, however, a professional initiative has been undertaken to centralize all births >22 weeks’ gestation to improve parental counseling and neonatal intervention.
Why Do Neonatologists in Scandinavian Countries and the Netherlands Make Life-and-death Decisions So Different?
Authors: Verhagen A.A. Eduard
Published: August 2018

An examination of the policies regarding the care of extremely premature newborns reveals unexpected differences between Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands. Three topics related to decision-making at the beginning and at the end of life are identified and discussed.
Justified by What? Three Ways to Provide an Ethical Basis for Neonatal Policies
Authors: Ursin Lars
Published: August 2018

In this article, I identify 3 ways of justifying neonatal policies of when to provide life-saving treatment to infants who were born extremely premature: by appealing to universal principles or rights, to considerations of the best interests of the children, or to considerations of the best interests of the families. I go on to show how each of these justifications can be used to characterize the discourse on neonatal policies in 1 of the Scandinavian countries.