bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Temperature Gradient Validation along a Greenhouse Temperature Gradient
Authors: Kim Sung Kyeom , Lee Hee Ju , Wi Seung Hwan , Lee Seong-Won , Seo ILHWAN
Published: July 2020

Background: Climate change is increasing the vulnerability of horticultural crop cultivation and production. It is urgent to study such extreme weather phenomena (heatwave, drought, etc.), and in particular, to evaluate crop productivity according to temperature change. For this purpose, the crop physiological response to temperature change in simulated weather conditions was studied. However, there is a limitation in artificial light wavelength, which requires experiments to be carried out in protected facilities or open fields. In this study, we simulated temperature differences with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in tunnel-type greenhouses. They can create temperature gradients and improve the accuracy of CFD with vertically and horizontally measured temperature profiles. The growth and physiological response of Kimchi cabbage were examined and validated using a temperature gradient within a semi-closed plastic tunnel.Results: Correlation coefficients of measured heights were: 1.120, 0.597, and 0.459. Root mean square error was below 0.1025, which means the CFD simulation values were highly accurate. The error analysis showed that it was possible to accurately predict temperature gradients change within a semi-closed tunnel-type greenhouse using CFD techniques. CFD results showed an average error of 0.597°C compared to field monitoring results. The maximum temperature difference of GTG was 5.7°C, suggesting a well-controlled set point (6°C difference between outside conditions and inside conditions of GTG). In a cloudy day, the gradient temperature of GTG was well maintained by the set differential temperature (dT), which suggests that the set dT was not precisely and accurately performed in GTG of a sunny day. There was a significant difference in the growth, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and Ci concentration along with temperature differences in GTG. Conclusions: CFD can simulate temperature gradient distribution in a tunnel-type greenhouse and predict the temperature difference for equipment with different specifications. These facilities can be used in climate change-related studies, such as assessment of crop production area optimization, crop physiological response to temperature, vulnerability assessment of crop production under increasing temperatures, or extreme weather.
Improved Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of Cucumber via Modified use of Antibiotics and Acetosyringone
Authors: Chai Li'ang , Du Changxia , Fan Huaifu , Liu Chen , Si Yuyang
Published: July 2020

Background: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. As conventional breeding of cucumber is very challenging, genetic engineering is an alternative option to introduce important traits such as enhanced stress resistance and nutritional value. However, the efficiency of the transformation system depends on genotypes, transformation conditions, selection agents, etc. This study aims to speed up the process of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cucumber. ‘Xintaimici’, a very popular and typical north China-type cucumber variety, was transformed with Agrobacterium GV3101. The strain carried the pCAMBIA2300s plasmid, a double vector with the marker gene neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II). Results: The research results indicated that cefotaxime sodium was suitable for inhibiting Agrobacterium in the screening and bud elongation stages. Timentin was best used during the rooting stage. Furthermore, 25 mg/L kanamycin was used in the early stage of screening and increased to 50 mg/L for further screening. At the bud elongation and rooting stages, 75 and 100 mg/L kanamycin was used, respectively, to improve the screening efficiency. To obtain the highest regeneration frequency of resistant buds, 50, 150, and 100 μM acetosyringone was added in the pre-culture medium, infection solution, and co-culture medium, respectively. To confirm the presence of the transgenes, DNA from npt II transgenic cucumber plants was analysed by polymerase chain reaction after transplanting resistant regenerated plants. Conclusions: We finally achieved an 8.1% conversion, which is among the highest values reported to date using the cucumber ‘Xintaimici’. Thus, an effective protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of cucumber was optimized.
Determinants of Overall HIV/AIDS Knowledge Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 15–24 Years in Malawi
Authors: Mandiwa Chrispin , Namondwe Bernadetta , Munthali Mtondera
Published: July 2020

Background HIV epidemic remains a major public health issue in Malawi especially among adolescent girls and young women. Having accurate knowledge about HIV/AIDS is a key component of preventing the spread of HIV among adolescent girls and young women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of overall HIV/AIDS knowledge among adolescent girls and young women in Malawi.Methods The study was based on cross-sectional data from the 2015-2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. It involved 10132 adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 years who reported to have ever heard of HIV/AIDS. The outcome variable was overall HIV/AIDS knowledge. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation and multivariable logistic regression models. All the analyses were performed using complex sample analysis procedure of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) to account for complex survey design.Results Of the total 10132 participants included in the study, 82.2% (n=8326) had high overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Around 25% of the participants did not know that using condoms consistently can reduce the risk of HIV and 23% of the participants believed that mosquitoes could transmit HIV. Several factors were significantly associated with women’s overall HIV/AIDS knowledge. Women who were aged 20–24 years (AOR=1.16; 95% CI=1.04–1.29), women from rich households (AOR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.08–1.39),women who were working (AOR=1.29; 95% CI=1.16–1.44),women who were listening to radio at least once a week (AOR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.05–1.35) and women who had secondary or higher education (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI = 2.67–4.42) were more likely to have high overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that some adolescent girls and young women in Malawi are lacking comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. Lack of knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention methods among young women might pose a challenge to efforts to stop the spread of the HIV epidemic. To reduce the incidence of HIV, it is essential to design effective interventions that can increase HIV/AIDS knowledge among adolescent girls and young women in Malawi.
The Survival Rate and Its Predictors in HIV-Infected Patients of Kurdistan Province, Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Darvishi Sonia , Rahmani Khaled , Seyfi Shirzad , Khazaei Salman , Homayonnezhad Sara , hamidi Omid
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study aimed to understand the prognostic factors that influence the progress and death in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in developing countries. This study conducted in the Kurdistan Province, Iran from September 1988 to April 2020. Interest outcomes were time-estimated: (1) from HIV to AIDS and (2) from AIDS to death. The Cox proportional-hazard model also was used in order to consider the effects of different factors on survival rate.Results: A total number of 591 HIV-infected patients were assessed and the results showed that 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year probability of disease progression from HIV diagnosis to AIDS was 96%, 92%, and 88%, and that of death was 69%, 47%, and 27%, respectively. Cox’s multivariate analysis result's showed the following factors were significantly related to AIDS progression: the first CD4 count under 500, using ART, and history of drug use with hazard ratio of 1.93, 4.53, and 0.76, respectively. The mortality was significantly associated with unemployment, using ART with HR of 3.4, and 0.07, respectively. Unemployed AIDS-patients are also more likely to die; this, which need more attention in Iran.
Evaluating Treatment Patterns of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the Elderly and Predicting Outcomes by a Validated Model: A Population-based Study
Authors: Zhao Si , Zhu Hanlong , Zhang Xiuhua
Published: July 2020

Background: Data on the management and outcome of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in elderlypatients are scant due to their poor representation in clinical trials. Methods:In total, 1379 elderly patients (≥65 years) histologically confirmed GIST between2010 and 2016 were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Results: As a result,surgery alone was the predominant treatment used in both age groups. Patients aged ≥75 years who underwent surgery alone had a median survival of 69 months, chemotherapy alone 51 months, surgery plus chemotherapy 60 months, and no therapy 51 months. While among patients aged 65-74 years, the median OS was not reached (NR), 49, 83, and NR, separately. Besides, C-indexes for the OS nomogram in the training set and validation set were0.771 and 0.761, respectively. Of importance, the predictive model displayed a comparable result to the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system (p＜0.05), demonstrating improved model discrimination. Conclusions: For elderly patients with GISTs, surgery alone or surgery plus chemotherapy seemed feasible and effective, conferring potential survival benefits even in very elderly patients. Moreover, this simple-to-use nomogram may assist clinicians in treatment decision-making and effectively predict 3- and 5-year survival.
Proposing a new strategy of combining machine learning with controlling cross-transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms of ICU
Authors: zou qian , Kaihong Fei , Mei Kang , Xianchen Li , Mengyuan Ding , Miaomiao Geng , Yanhong Zhu
Published: July 2020

Background

Multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) has become a global threat to public health. MDROs are normally transmitted from patients to patients via the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs). The key management of MDROs is control dissemination as sooner as possible.
Method:

We established a predictive rule based simply on experiences, and according to the result of this predictive rule we take a series of precautions of a general intensive care unit (ICU) from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, only in one ward experimentally. In this study, we aim to assess the efficiency of the routine care practice which include pre-discrimination by the predictive rule and sequent precautions by doing difference comparisons.
Results

After comparing two wards in the hospital expenses and length of ICU stay, there are no statistical differences. Precautions contribute to the association between room number and status of MDROs infection/ colonization(p = 0.033), and infection/colonization rate of MDROs is different statistically between two wards(p = 0.006).
Conclusion

the routine care practice had controlled the cross-transmission of MDROs in some extent. Future, studies can engage in updating the predictive model based on big data and referred to experts’ experiences and adopt more efficient precautions for strengthening the transmission efficiency.
Virtualios mokymo(si) aplinkos įtaka pradinių klasių mokinių matematikos mokymosi pasiekimams
Authors: Taujanskienė Gražina , Klizienė Irina , Skripkienė Asta
Published: July 2020

Atsižvelgiant į pasaulyje vykstančius globalius pokyčius visose gyvenimo srityse atkreipiamas dėmesys, kad nūdienos mokinys turi išmokti mąstyti, kelti klausimus ir ieškoti atsakymų, susirasti reikiamą informaciją, ją atsirinkti ir pritaikyti. Atsirandant galimybei mokytis lanksčiau, naudojantis mobiliosiomis ir kompiuterinėmis technologijomis, virtualiomis mokymo(si) aplinkomis, būtina taikyti mokiniams patrauklias, pažangias mokymosi priemones, kurios padėtų plėtoti jų žinias, motyvuotų juos nuolat augti ir tobulėti, leistų ugdyti savivaldžio mokymosi visą gyvenimą principus.Siekiant ištirti virtualios mokymosi aplinkos „EDUKA klasė“ poveikį pradinių klasių mokinių matematikos pasiekimams, buvo vykdomas kvazieksperimentas. Tyrime dalyvavo 100 pirmos klasės mokinių. Mokiniai matematikos pamokose dirbo su „Taip!“ vadovėliu ir „EDUKA klasė“. Tyrimas vykdytas trimis etapais, kurių metu vyko pirmų klasių mokinių matematikos diagnostinis pažangos testavimas. Respondentai buvo testuojami tris kartus per visus einamuosius mokslo metus. Kvazieksperimentas, vertinant mokinių matematikos pažangą, vykdytas natūraliomis vaikams sąlygomis: tiriamieji tyrimo metu dirbo su savo klasės mokytoja, savo klasėje, kaip ir per kitas pamokas. Nustatyta, kad intensyviai integruojama virtuali mokymosi aplinka „EDUKA klasė“ į formalųjį ugdymą, matematikos dalyką, padarė reikšmingą poveikį mokinių matematiniams pasiekimams. Po kvazieksperimento statistiškai patikimai sumažėjo (p<0,05) skirtumas tarp pradinių ir galutinių rezultatų mokinių, turinčių patenkinamą pasiekimų lygmenį. Po tyrimo statistiškai reikšmingas skirtumas nustatytas (p<0,05) ir mokinių, turinčių aukštesnįjį pasiekimų lygmenį.
The Development of Socially Inclusive Libraries in Šiauliai Region Providing Services for Children and Youth with Special Needs
Authors: Kulikauskienė Kristina
Published: July 2020

One of socially vulnerable groups in society, which often faces social exclusion problems, is children and youth with special needs. In Lithuania, children with special needs comprise about 12.5 percent from the total number of children and youth up to 18 years (Statistics Department of Lithuania, 2020). It is a significant part of society and a group of library stakeholders, which needs to have access to library services since the earliest possible participation in educational, social and cultural activities can promote the development of these children. For this reason, it is important to study how library services meet the needs of and to assess how they are prepared to provide services for this group. In order to do this, the aim of this paper was to analyze the possibilities of Šiauliai region libraries social inclusion in the area of services for children and youth with special needs. To achieve this goal scientific literature was analyzed and a structured interview with 25 respondents was carried out by e-mail in empirical research, Research data was analyzed using a categorization method. Scientific literature analysis allowed the author to identify the main areas of library activities and services for children and youth with special needs. Empirical research provided an opportunity to assess how Šiauliai region libraries services meet the needs of children and youth with special needs and to examine their possibilities to maximise libraries social inclusion. Empirical research showed that Šiauliai region libraries social inclusion regarding their services for children and youth with special needs is insufficient in the context of library management, environment adaptation, cooperation development, information on cultural events, on library service dissemination. Regarding library management, there is a need for more detailed research into the needs of this target group, which could help to assess the needs of children and their representatives. Regarding environment and service adaptation, Šiauliai region libraries social inclusion can be raised by improving their infrastructure, technological equipment, expanding the variety of information sources and access to cultural services. It is also important to intensify libraries cooperation with organizations that represent children and youth with special needs and to more actively disseminate information that focuses on this target group.
Mokinio autentiškos patirties įprasminimo būdai pradinio ugdymo procese
Authors: Povilaitytė Jovita , Lenkauskaite Jurgita
Published: July 2020

Pastaruoju metu vis plačiau kalbant apie į vaiką orientuotą ugdymą(si), ieškoma strategijų, leidžiančių ugdymo procese įprasminti autentišką vaiko patirtį. Viena iš ugdymo(si) strategijų, geriausiai išryškinančių vaiko patirties reikšmę, yra patirtinis mokymasis. Patirtinio ugdymo strategijoje pabrėžiamas mokymasis, kuris pasitelkia veiklą, siekiant kiekvieną vaiką ugdyti akademiškai, fiziškai, kultūriškai ir dvasiškai jį palaikančioje ugdymo įstaigoje, bendruomenėje, sudarant vaikui galimybę pasinaudoti jo turima patirtimi (Luckner, Nadler, 1997; Braslauskienė, Norvilienė, Šmitienė, Vismantienė, 2018). Užsienio ir Lietuvos autoriai vis dažniau teoriškai pagrindžia mokinių autentiškos patirties svarbą ugdymo procese. Vis dėlto trūksta tyrimų, atskleidžiančių, kokiais būdais mokinio turimą autentišką patirtį galima įprasminti jau pradinio ugdymo procese, kai dedami mokymosi pagrindai, išliekantys svarbūs visą gyvenimą. Dėl to šiame tyrime yra keliamas tikslas atskleisti, kokiais būdais galima įprasminti mokinio autentišką patirtį pradinio ugdymo procese. Tyrimo tikslui pasiekti atlikta apklausa raštu, kurioje dalyvavoįstaigos, aktyviai taikančios patirtinio mokymosi principus pradinio ugdymo procese, pedagogai ir vadovė (iš viso 6 informantai). Tyrimo duomenims analizuoti pasirinkta kokybinė turinio analizė. Empirinio tyrimo metu gautų duomenų analizė atskleidė, kad ugdymo įstaigoje, kurioje buvo atliktas tyrimas, mokinio autentiškai patirčiai yra skiriama daug dėmesio. Siekiant įprasminti mokinių turimą patirtį pradinio ugdymo procese naudojami įvairūs mokymosi būdai, padedantys identifikuoti jau turimą mokinių patirtį ir ją plėtoti. Pedagogų nuomone, mokinių patirties įprasminimas ypač pasireiškia dienos, skirtos stimuliacijai ir patirčiai, veiklose. Šią dieną mokiniai tyrinėja, eksperimentuoja, pritaiko turimas ir įgytas žinias praktiškai, vyksta į išvykas, kurių metu įtvirtina įgytas žinias. Atskleista, kad siekiant įprasminti mokinio turimą patirtį yra svarbus mokinio aktyvus veikimas tiek pedagogų inicijuotose veiklose, tiek ir vaikams prisidedant prie paties ugdymo(si) proceso organizavimo.
The Redox Boundaries of Earth’s Interior
Authors: Stagno Vincenzo , Fei Yingwei
Published: July 2020

The interior of the Earth is an important reservoir for elements that are chemically bound in minerals, melts, and gases. Analyses of the proportions of redox-sensitive elements in ancient and contemporary natural rocks provide information on the temporal redox evolution of our planet. Natural inclusions trapped in diamonds, xenoliths, and erupted magmas provide unique windows into the redox conditions of the deep Earth, and reveal evidence for heterogeneities in the mantle’s oxidation state. By examining the natural rock record, we assess how redox boundaries in the deep Earth have controlled elemental cycling and what effects these boundaries have had on the temporal and chemical evolution of oxygen fugacity in the Earth’s interior and atmosphere.
Magmas are the Largest Repositories and Carriers of Earth’s Redox Processes
Authors: Cicconi Maria Rita , Le Losq Charles , Moretti Roberto , Neuville Daniel R.
Published: July 2020

Magma is the most important chemical transport agent throughout our planet. This paper provides an overview of the interplay between magma redox, major element chemistry, and crystal and volatile content, and of the influence of redox on the factors that drive igneous system dynamics. Given the almost infinite combinations of temperature, pressure, and chemical compositions relevant to igneous petrology, we focus on the concepts and methods that redox geochemistry provides to understand magma formation, ascent, evolution and crystallization. Particular attention is paid to the strong and complex interplay between melt structure and chemistry, and to the influence that redox conditions have on melt properties, crystallization mechanisms and the solubility of volatile components.
Volcanic and Geothermal Redox Engines
Authors: Moretti Roberto , Stefánsson Andri
Published: July 2020

The redox (reduction–oxidation) potential is an essential variable that controls the chemical reactions of fluids in magmatic and associated geothermal systems. However, the evolution of the redox potential is difficult to trace from a magma’s source at depth to the surface. The key is knowing that electron transfer is the twin face of the acid–base exchanges that drive charge transfer in the many reactions that occur in multiphase and chemically complex systems. The deduced redox reactivity can reveal many features about the evolution of a system’s composition and the external factors that control it. As such, redox potential analysis is an important geochemical tool by which to monitor volcanoes and to explore geothermal systems.
„Kívánsággondolkodás” a hómani gimnáziumi történelemtankönyvekben
Authors: Albert B. Gábor
Published: July 2020

Az alábbiakban a hómani történelemtankönyv-sorozatok jelenkortörténeti fejezeteinek szemléleti vonásait veszem górcső alá, azokat, amelyek a Horthy-korszak hatalmi elitjének valóságtól elrugaszkodott, ún. „kívánsággondolkodására” utalnak. Az 1942-es kiadványok születéstörténetének bemutatását követően tartalmi elemzést végzek. Tanulmányom elsősorban a tankönyvtörténet-írás kutatási eredményeit kívánja gyarapítani, ugyanakkor elemzés tárgyává tettem néhány történelemtudományos szakmunkát is, amelyek a hatalmi elit külpolitikai közgondolkodására és a nagyhatalmak – különösen a Német Birodalom – Magyarországgal kapcsolatos elképzeléseinek felvázolására irányulnak.
THE TREASURE ARTS AND ISLAMIC CULTURES: MOSQUES’ ARCHITECTURES AND CALLIGRAPHIES IN ARCHIPELAGO
Authors: Toipah Toipah
Published: July 2020

This article discusses about architectures and ornaments in the mosques, calligraphy, and others. One of the mosques that have been built since the time of Walisongo is the Great Mosque of Sang Cipta Rasa, Cirebon. Therefore, the author formulates some problems. First, how is the architectural construction of art? Second, how is its philosophy in terms of the architecture and ornamentation in a mosque? Third, how are types of calligraphy which belong to mosques in the archipelago? To answer these questions, the author uses historical and semiotic approach. The research is a literature study. The method used in this article is analysis-descriptive. The results of this article explained that ornamentation is the development of a sense of beauty that develops abstract patterns taken from processing natural motifs. While calligraphy expresses an abstract understanding of God, so calligraphy is expressed to pour out the power of the revelation of the Qur'an.
FRIENDLY ISLAMIC PREACHING THROUGH LITERARY WORKS: STUDY OF LUKISAN KALIGRAFI SHORT STORY COLLECTION BY A. MUSTOFA BISRI
Authors: Wirawan Abdul Karim , Abdillah Khumaidi
Published: July 2020

This paper dedicated to examine and explore the model of dakwah found in the collection of short stories Lukisan Kaligrafi by A. Mustofa Bisri. The dakwah model examined in this paper is a friendly Islamic dakwah model. Friendly Islam is the face of Islam that is full of politeness and tolerance, not the face of Islam which is hard and full of anger. The collection of short stories Lukisan Kaligrafi is suitable as a medium to preach this friendly Islam because the short stories in this collection of short stories tell the twists and turns of the Islamic religious life experienced by the characters in each of the short stories. Therefore, this paper will try to identify (1) the proselytizing politeness in a collection of short stories Lukisan Kaligrafi and (2) the portrait of religious tolerance in a collection of short stories Lukisan Kaligrafi. Accentuating the friendly face of Islam is important because today the face of Islam is heavily tarnished by the actions of some groups acting in the name of Islam by acting outside the meaning of Islam which is rahmatan lil ‘ālamīn
A robust two-dimensional model for highly sediment-laden unsteady flows of variable density over movable beds
Authors: Martínez-Aranda S. , Murillo J. , García-Navarro P.
Published: July 2020

In this work, a novel 2D depth-integrated numerical model for highly sediment-laden shallow flows over non-uniform erodible beds is presented, including variable density and exchange between the bed layer and the water–sediment mixture flow. The system of equations is formed by the 2D conservation equations for the mass and momentum of the mixture, the mass conservation equation for the different sediment size-classes transported in the flow and the bed evolution equation. The depth-averaged mixture density varies according to the volumetric concentration of the different sediment size-classes that can be incorporated from the bed to the flow and transported as suspended materials. The rheological behaviour of the flow is directly controlled by the properties of the mixture. A new x-split augmented Roe (xA-Roe) scheme is derived to solve the coupled flow and suspended solid-phase equations in both structured and unstructured meshes. The numerical scheme is defined to properly include density variations and momentum source terms, retaining a well-balanced flux formulation in steady states and the correct treatment of the wet–dry fronts. The numerical scheme is assessed with steady and transient cases involving highly sediment-laden flows, demonstrating its accuracy, stability and robustness in the presence of complex bed topography, wetting–drying fronts and rapid morphological changes.
Effect on water quality and control of chemically enhanced backwash by-products (CEBBPs) in the adsorption-ultrafiltration process
Authors: Zhang Yue , Sun Yongli , Huang Peng , Zhang Xinbo
Published: July 2020

The overall purpose of this research was to investigate the typical types of chemically enhanced backwash by-products (CEBBPs) produced in the chemically enhanced backwash (CEB) process and the influence of variability of CEB factors on typical CEBBPs in the adsorption-ultrafiltration process. Moreover, health risk assessment was utilized to assess the potential adverse health effects from exposure to effluent after the optimal online CEB. The results of the study found the NaClO backwash reagent could react with organic matter to produce CEBBPs, including 9 kinds of volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs) and 9 kinds of haloacetic acids (HAAs) during the CEB process. After a comprehensive consideration of the influence of a single factor on the CEBBPs formation and membrane cleaning effect, the optimal CEB parameters were 6 min of BD, 120 min of BI, 30 L/(m2·h) of BF and 50 mg/L of RC. Under the optimum CEB cleaning parameters, the effluent does not pose a non-carcinogenic risk and posed potential carcinogenic risk to local residents. The lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) value for HAAs (6.68E-06) is very close to the LCR value of CEBBPs (6.78E-06), indicating that the HAAs are the main substances in the effluent after CEB.
A NEW SPECIES OF GALUMNA (ACARI, ORIBATIDA, GALUMNIDAE) FROM ETHIOPIA
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Rybalov Leonid B.
Published: July 2020

A new oribatid mite species of the genus Galumna (Oribatida, Galumnidae) is described from Ethiopia, based on the material collected from litter and fallen leaves on the Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mountains. Galumna (Galumna) paracapensis Ermilov sp. n. differs from Galumna (Galumna) capensis Engelbrecht, 1969 in larger body size, strongly elongate postanal porose area, long longitudinal parts of porose areas Aa and the presence of sculpturing on prodorsum and pteromorphs.
Święty Józef -
Authors: Brzeziński Mirosław
Published: July 2020

Wskazując świętego Józefa jako wzór ojca adopcyjnego niech podsumowaniem będzie świadectwo adopcyjnego współczesnego ojca – Gérarda, który mówi: „Podobnie jak święty Józef , kiedy Maryja prosiła go o przyjęcie syna poczętego z Ducha świętego, a więc prosiła o zrezygnowanie z pragnienia bycia biologicznym ojcem, ja także przeżyłem ten trudny do zaakceptowania dla mężczyzny wybór, kiedy wraz z Irène zdaliśmy sobie sprawę, że nasze małżeństwo nie może mieć dzieci. Głęboko wierzę, że Pan wybrał nas, Irène i mnie do adopcji dzieci i że to on, Stwórca wybrał nam dzieci dla nas, z ufnością, że będziemy mogli uzdrowić je poprzez miłość z cierpienia związanego z porzuceniem. Ufność w Panu jest cnotą, jaką odkrywam u świętego Józefa, adopcyjnego ojca, który zawierzył Bogu oddając swoje życie i mówiąc «tak» Bogu, który poprosił go o uznanie syna nie z jego ciała i o przyjęcie Maryi jako małżonki i matki Mesjasza. Dla mnie, bycie adopcyjnym ojcem na obraz świętego Józefa jest mocą kochania dzieci, jakie zostały nam powierzone, patrzenia na nie poza sposobem patrzenia na dziecko, które jest «inne», tak, aby je kochać sercem jako dar od Boga, nie żałując braku naturalnego ojcostwa. W szkole świętego Józefa nauczyłem się akceptowania roszczeń dziecka, które poszukuje swego pochodzenia, swych korzeni i które nie rozumie dlaczego jego matka i ojciec je opuścili, oraz nauczyłem się umiejętności uznawania tego za słuszne i naturalne bez odczuwania jakiegokolwiek żalu. święty Józef reprezentuje dla mnie bezinteresowną miłość rodzicielską, dawaną w pełny sposób dla dobra dziecka poprzez świadectwo życia prostego, trudnego i prawego. Jest on także przykładem ojca, który przygotowuje dziecko do odnalezienia przez nie swojej autonomii, co pomoże mu później w opuszczeniu ogniska domowego i który wie, że nasze dzieci do nas nie należą. Nie oddzielam nigdy Józefa od Rodziny świętej, która jest nieocenionym darem naszego Boga”
A vision of history in the teachings of Primate Stefan Wyszyński
Authors: Czaczkowska Ewa
Published: July 2020

For Primate Stefan Wyszyński, the past of the nation was an important element creating the identity of the nation, on whose behaviour its future depended. Maintaining the memory of the history of the nation, which, in the primate’s thought, was constituted when Mieszko I was baptised in 966, was one of the priorities of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s teaching. For this reason, it was also a part of the world-view dispute between the Primate and the communist authorities of postwar Poland, whose aim was to erase many pages of history from national memory or to give them a different meaning as a condition for creating a „new” society based on the Soviet model. In the evaluation of the past, falsified in the People’s Republic of Poland, the Primate used „his own domestic and national sense” and „proper evaluation of the spirit”. The theological perspective allowed the Primate to look at the painful and tragic pages of history, including the lost national uprisings, as a sacrifice modelled on the sacrifice of Christ, necessary for the resurrection of Poland. According to Primate Wyszyński, the history of the nation was a reservoir of values, co-shaped by faith and the Church, from which future generations could draw in the struggle to regain independence in 1918 and regain sovereignty.
NMR Spectroscopy in the Conformational Analysis of Peptides: An Overview
Authors: Vincenzi Marian , Mercurio Flavia Anna , Leone Marilisa
Published: July 2020

Background:

NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools to study the
structure and interaction properties of peptides and proteins from a dynamic perspective.
Knowing the bioactive conformations of peptides is crucial in the drug discovery field to design
more efficient analogue ligands and inhibitors of protein-protein interactions targeting
therapeutically relevant systems.

Objective:

This review provides a toolkit to investigate peptide conformational properties by
NMR.

Methods:

Articles cited herein, related to NMR studies of peptides and proteins were mainly
searched through PubMed and the web. More recent and old books on NMR spectroscopy
written by eminent scientists in the field were consulted as well.

Results:

The review is mainly focused on NMR tools to gain the 3D structure of small unlabeled
peptides. It is more application-oriented as it is beyond its goal to deliver a profound
theoretical background. However, the basic principles of 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear
experiments are briefly described. Protocols to obtain isotopically labeled peptides and principal
triple resonance experiments needed to study them, are discussed as well.

Conclusion:

NMR is a leading technique in the study of conformational preferences of small
flexible peptides whose structure can be often only described by an ensemble of conformations.
Although NMR studies of peptides can be easily and fast performed by canonical protocols
established a few decades ago, more recently we have assisted to tremendous improvements
of NMR spectroscopy to investigate instead large systems and overcome its molecular
weight limit.
Gold Nanoparticles- Boon in Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Jindal Mehak , Nagpal Manju , Singh Manjinder , Aggarwal Geeta , Dhingra Gitika Arora
Published: July 2020

Background:

Cancer is the world’s second-largest cause of death, with an estimated 9.6 million fatalities
in 2018. Malignant tumour (cancer) is caused by a mixture of genetic modifications due to the environmental
variables that tend to activate or inactivate different genes, ultimately resulting in neoplastic transformations.
Cancer is a multi-stage process that results from the conversion of the ordinary cells to tumour cells and progresses
from a pre-cancer lesion to abnormal growth.

Methods:

Chemotherapy inhibits the ability of the cells to divide rapidly in an abnormal manner, but this treatment
simultaneously affects the entire cellular network in the human body leading to cytotoxic effects. In this
review article, the same issue has been addressed by discussing various aspects of the newer class of drugs in
cancer therapeutics, i.e., Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) from metal nanoparticle (NP) class.

Results:

Metal NPs are advantageous over conventional chemotherapy as the adverse drug reactions are lesser.
Additionally, ease of drug delivery, targeting and gene silencing are salient features of this treatment. Functionalized
ligand-targeting metal NPs provide better energy deposition control in tumour. AuNPs are promising agents
in the field of cancer treatment and are comprehensively studied as contrast agents, carriers of medicinal products,
radiosensitizers and photothermal agents. For the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, AuNPs are used
and also tend to enhance tumour imaging in vivo for a variety of cancer types and diseased organs.

Conclusion:

The first part of the review focuses on various nano-carriers that are used for cancer therapy and
deals with the progression of metal NPs in cancer therapy. The second part emphasizes the use of nanotechnology
by considering the latest studies for diagnostic and therapeutic properties of AuNPs. AuNPs present the latest
studies in the field of nanotechnology, which leads to the development of early-stage clinical trials. The next part
of the review discusses the major features of five principal types of AuNPs: gold nanorods, gold nanoshells, gold
nanospheres, gold nanocages, and gold nanostars that have their application in photothermal therapy (PTT).
Role of Dietary Polyphenols in Adipose Tissue Browning: A Narrative Review
Authors: Salazar Juan , Cano Clímaco , Pérez José L. , Castro Ana , Díaz María P. , Garrido Bermary , Carrasquero Rubén , Chacín Maricarmen , Velasco Manuel , D´Marco Luis , Rojas-Quintero Joselyn , Bermúdez Valmore
Published: July 2020

Lifestyle modifications such as energy restriction and increased physical activity are highly effective in
the management of obesity. However, adherence to these therapeutic approaches is poor. On the other hand, synthetic
drugs used for obesity control are plagued by adverse effects. Despite these failures, adipose tissue is still
an attractive therapeutic target for novel molecules, and thus, the characterisation of new and safer anti-obesity
drugs is of significant interest. For this reason, in recent years, phenolic constituents of diverse plants have drawn
much attention due to their health-promoting properties, opening new research lines related to brown adipose
tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. The goal is to increase energy expenditure levels
through thermogenic activity activation by multiple factors, like polyphenols. The suggested mechanisms by
which polyphenols can modulate thermogenesis include Nor-epinephrine/Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase
(NE/COMT) inhibition, PPARγ co-activator alpha (PGC-1α)-dependent pathways activation, and mitochondrial
biogenesis, among others. Although polyphenols such as quercetin, catechins, chrysin, luteolin, curcumin, resveratrol,
gallic acid, and lignans have shown a positive effect on Non-Shivering Thermogenesis and WAT browning,
most of them have only been active in murine models or in vitro systems, and their reproducibility in humans
has to be proved. Probably in the future, an approach that includes these compounds as part of the nutritional
regimen in conjunction with physical exercise, pharmacological and surgical therapy, would allow modulating a
pathophysiological mechanism that is still elusive.
Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Genes in Stroke Pathogenesis
Authors: Jiang Mengmeng , Yin Penglin , Bai Xiaodan , Yang Liji , Zhang Junping , Xu Shixin
Published: July 2020

The brain's response to ischemic injury is an acute and long-term inflammatory process. This process
involves activation of resident cells (mainly microglia, hematogenous macrophages), production of proinflammatory
mediators and infiltration of various proinflammatory cells (mainly neutrophils and lymphocytes). These
cells play an essential role in ischemic brain tissue by releasing either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory
mediators at different time points. However, the exact pathogenesis of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory
genes in this process has not yet been elucidated. This review aims to investigate the inflammatory process of
stroke, especially the role of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes in the pathogenesis of stroke. We also
summarize the current clinical trials of drugs that target the inflammatory mechanism for intervention.
Decarboxylative Propargylation/Hydroamination/Aromatization Enabled by Copper/ Amine Cooperative Catalysis: Construction of Cyclopenta[b]indole Derivatives
Authors: Xiong Jiale , Zhao Xiaoyun , Feng Xing , Xianxing Jiang
Published: July 2020

An efficient decarboxylative cycloaddition of 2,3-dioxopyrrolidines and ethynyl
benzoxazinanones has been established by cooperative copper/amine catalysis. A copper–
allenylidene complex and enolate intermediate, each catalytically generated from distinct
substrates, underwent a cascade propargylation/hydroamination/aromatization process to
construct a big library of cyclopenta[b]indole derivatives with good to excellent yields and
excellent diastereoselectivity.
Synthesis, In-Vitro and In-Silico Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles with Root Extract of Withania somnifera for Antibacterial Activity via Binding of Penicillin-Binding Protein-4
Authors: Gaurav Isha , Singh Tanuja , Thakur Abhimanyu , Kumar Gaurav , Rathee Parth , Kumari Puja , Sweta Kumari
Published: July 2020

Background:

Metal Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used for various applications in
biomedical sciences, including in drug delivery, and as therapeutic agents, but limited owing to their toxicity
towards the healthy tissue. This warrants an alternative method, which can achieve the desired activity
with much reduced or no toxicity. Being a biological product, Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) is
environment friendly, besides being less toxic as compared to metal-based NPs. However, the exact
mechanism of action of W. somnifera for its antibacterial activities has not been studied so far.

Objective:

To develop “silver nanoparticles with root extract of W. somnifera (AgNPs-REWS)” for antimicrobial
and anticancer activities. Furthermore, the analysis of their mechanism of action will be
studied.

Methods:

Using the in-silico approach, the molecular docking study was performed to evaluate the
possible antibacterial mechanism of W. somnifera phytochemicals such as Anaferine, Somniferine,
Stigmasterol, Withaferin A, Withanolide- A, G, M, and Withanone by the inhibition of Penicillin-
Binding Protein 4 (PBP4). Next, we utilized a bottom-up approach for the green synthesis of AgNPs-
REWS, performed an in-detail phytochemical analysis, confirmed the AgNPs-REWS by SEM, UVvisible
spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, and HPLC. Eventually, we examined their antibacterial activity.

Results:

The result of molecular docking suggests that WS phytochemicals (Somniferine, Withaferin
A, Withanolide A, Withanolide G, Withanolide M, and Withanone) possess the higher binding affinity
toward the active site of PBP4 as compared to the Ampicillin (-6.39 kcal/mol) reference molecule.
These phytochemicals predicted as potent inhibitors of PBP4. Next, as a proof-of-concept, AgNPs-
REWS showed significant antibacterial effect as compared to crude, and control; against Xanthomonas
and Ralstonia species.

Conclusion:

The in-silico and molecular docking analysis showed that active constituents of W. somnifera
such as Somniferine, Withaferin A, Withanolide A, Withanolide G, Withanolide M, and Withanone
possess inhibition potential for PBP4 and are responsible for the anti-bacterial property of
W. somnifera extract. This study also establishes that AgNPs via the green synthesis with REWS
showed enhanced antibacterial activity towards pathogenic bacteria.
Survey of Network Embedding for Drug Analysis and Prediction
Authors: Liu Zhixian , Chen Qingfeng , Lan Wei , Liang Jiahai , Chen Yiping Pheobe , Chen Baoshan
Published: July 2020

Traditional network-based computational methods have shown good results in drug analysis and prediction. However, these methods are time-consuming and lack universality, and it is difficult to exploit the auxiliary information of nodes and edges. Network embedding provides a promising way for alleviating the above problems by transforming the network into a low-dimensional space while preserving network structure and auxiliary information. This thus facilitates the application of machine learning algorithms for subsequent processing. Network embedding has been introduced into drug analysis and prediction in the last few years, and has shown superior performance over traditional methods. However, there is no systematic review of this issue. This article offers a comprehensive survey of the primary network embedding methods and their applications in drug analysis and prediction. The network embedding technologies applied in homogeneous network and heterogeneous network are investigated and compared, including matrix decomposition, random walk, and deep learning. Especially, the Graph neural network (GNN) methods in deep learning are highlighted. Furthermore, the applications of network embedding in drug similarity estimation, drug-target interaction prediction, adverse drug reactions prediction, protein function and therapeutic peptides prediction are discussed. Several future potential research directions are also discussed.
EHAI: Enhanced Human Microbe-Disease Association Identification
Authors: Fan Ruizhi , Dong Chenhua , Song Hu , Xu Yixin , Shi Linsen , Xu Teng , Cao Meng , Jiang Tao , Song Jun
Published: July 2020

:

Recently, an increasing number of biological and clinical reports have demonstrated that
imbalance of microbial community has the ability to play important roles among several complex diseases
concerning human health. Having a good knowledge of discovering potential of microbe-disease
relationships, which provides the ability to having a better understanding of some issues, including
disease pathology, further boosts disease diagnostics and prognostics, has been taken into account.
Nevertheless, a few computational approaches can meet the need of huge scale of microbe-disease
association discovery. In this work, we proposed the EHAI model, which is Enhanced Human microbe-
disease Association Identification. EHAI employed the microbe-disease associations, and then
Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity has been utilized to enhance the basic microbe-disease
association. Actually, some known microbe-disease associations and a large amount of associations are
still unavailable among the datasets. The ‘super-microbe’ and ‘super-disease’ were employed to enhance
the model. Computational results demonstrated that such super-classes have the ability to be
helpful to the performance of EHAI. Therefore, it is anticipated that EHAI can be treated as an important
biological tool in this field.
The Comparison of Real-time-PCR-HRM and Microscopy Methods for Detection of Mixed Plasmodium spp. Infections in Laghman Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Dalimi Abdolhossein , Mosawi Sayed Hussain
Published: July 2020

Background:

Laghman province, in the east of the Afghanistan, is one of the most malaria endemic regions with
an eminence of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. So far, no study has been conducted to investigate the extent of mixed infections in this area.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of mixed infections of malaria in Laghman province by using
of a new and highly sensitive molecular method (real-time polymerase chain reaction high resolution melting analysis) and
compare its results with microscopically confirmed cases of malaria.

Methods:

In general, 347 infected individuals have been referred to Khalwati laboratory that is located
in the center of Laghman province from May to November of 2018. Microscopic analysis
was performed on prepared thick and thin blood films under ×100 lens with oil immersion. The real-
time-PCR-HRM assay was performed using an ABI 7500 Fast Real-time PCR system.

Results:

In microscopic examination, out of 347 patients referred to the Center, 267 (76.94%) cases were detected to be
Plasmodium vivax, 79 (22.76%) Plasmodium falciparum and 1 (0.28%) case of mixed of two species. However, by using
Real-time PCR-HRM technique, 249 (71.75%) were detected Plasmodium vivax, 79 (22.76%) were Plasmodium falciparum
and 19 (5.47%) were mixed of two species.

Conclusions:

Our result indicated that, the Real-time PCR-HRM method is more accurate and more reliable than microscopic method in the diagnosis of malaria mixed infections.
Numerical Analysis of Strength Capacity of High-Performance Reinforced Concrete Columns with Varied Parametric Study
Authors: Al-Maliki Hadi N. G.
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

This study includes the analysis of the strength capacity of high performance reinforced concrete columns subjected to concentric axial loading. The main variables are based on the compressive strength of concrete and steel reinforcing ratios. All the columns are fixed, supported by two ends.

Methods:

This study is based on a calculation done according to ACI Code-318M-2011 equations for columns analysis to evaluate the ultimate strength then applied these load on samples to compare between them by software program Prokon V.3. The comparison is based on reinforcement ratio and moment resistance capacity.

Results:

The analysis results show that when increasing the main reinforcement with high-performance concrete led, there will be an increased load capacity by about (40 to 215%) and moment resistance capacity by about (35 to 50%) with the same load conditions. According to the analysis of the results, the moment resistance capacity of constant sample value with different reinforcing ratio leads to these resist depending on the load applied, and the concrete compressive strength of columns.

Conclusion:

Reasonable correlation of the results is demonstrated, which ensured the adequacy of the analysis by test program, both hand calculation and software Prokon.V.3.