bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of constitutive heterochromatin and NOR banding in three species of Indian major carps from the State of Haryana, India
Authors: Neeru Neeru , Bhatnagar Anita , Yadav Abhay Singh
Published: May 2018

Cytogenetic survey of fishes becomes increasingly important to establish chromosomal relation between the teleosts, to have a glimpse of the relation between chromosomal evolution and differentiation of vertebrate species. In the present study, Chromosome banding studies was done in three species of carps i.e. Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822), Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822). Diploid chromosome number 50 was observed in all 3 species of carps. The chromosomes of C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala showed constitutive heterochromatin at telomeric and centromeric regions of chromosomes. The Ag-NOR (Argyrophilic-Nucleolus Organizer Region) bands were observed on homologous chromosome pair number 11 in C. catla, 15th chromosome pair in L. rohita. In C. mrigala, the Ag- NOR staining elucidated the presence of darkly stained NORs on the terminal region of the long arms of one of the chromosome. Another homologue of this chromosome pair could not be localized due to scattering of chromosomes. The results depict that variation in ecological conditions with time due to human activities can not only affect the chromosomal number but also chromosomal morphology.
Neuroprotective effects of Zingerone against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced brain mitochondrial toxicity in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Alam Mohammad Firoz
Published: May 2018

The present study targeted the brain mitochondria dysfunction in Swiss albino mice through carbon tetrachloride intoxication and its treatment with Zingerone. It is proposed that brain mitochondria is the main organelle responsible for oxidative stress by producing  reactive oxygen species (ROS). Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups; Group-1 was control; Group-2 was carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxic (1.5mg kg-1 bm i.p two days in a week.); Group-3 was pretreated with Zingerone (100 mg kg-1 b.m)  a day before  the administration of CCl4 and Group-4 was only Zingerone (100 mg kg-1 bm) given orally for 15days once in a day. At the end of the experiment mice were sacrificed and mitochondria were isolated from brain. Isolated brain mitochondria were further analyzed for oxidative stress marker. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content was increased significantly by CCl4 administration in Group-II as compared to the control Group-I, while the antioxidant (GSH) and other antioxidant enzyme GPx , GR, and CAT was depleted significantly in CCl4 treated Group-II as compare to control Group-I. Zingerone protected the  toxicity of brain mitochondria by reducing the lipid peroxidation and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme in Group-III and there was no significant changes were noticed in Group-IV as  compared to Group-I. Overall results showed the potential effects of Zingerone in protecting the neuronal cell loss by oxidative stress. Thus, the  present study indicated that the Zingerone may be used as the potential therapeutic tools for the prevention of CCl4 induced brain mitochondrial toxicity.
Effect of cadmium chloride on general body colouration and chromatophores of stinging cat fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)
Authors: Ahmad Shareef , Shukla Sandeep , Mishra Anand , Kasherwani Deepak , Swami Veena P. , Shukla Sanjive
Published: May 2018

Chromatophores, specialized pigment cells in poikilothermic animals, have shown great potential in their use as a cell-based biosensor in the detection of a broad range of environmental toxicants, as structure and number of chromatophores alters significantly under toxicant exposure. Skin coloration of Heteropneustes fossilis is due to melanin containing melanophores. Cadmium, the black listed and non essential heavy metal, is widely used that adversely affects vital activities of aquatic biota. H. fossilis, freshwater Indian stinging catfish, were subjected to exposure of 96 hour LC50 dose (392.92 mg/l) and 25% of 96 hour LC50 dose (98.23mg/l) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) to evaluate toxic impact of cadmium on colouration and chromatophores. A significant decrease was observed in number of chromatophores after acute (highly significant (F = 70.50; P<0.001) and sub acute (significant (F = 0.29; P<0.05) exposure along with heavy nacrotic, lytic and degenerative changes. Chromatophore gradually changed from reticulate to punctate-stellate and punctuate type as they lost their dendritic processes and aggregation of melanin towards centre. Most of the chromatophores lost their cellular entity due to degenerative changes and melanin was found dispersed in surrounding matrix. Peeling and fading of skin was the common feature in all exposure durations. Fish chromatophores may serve as better biomarkers in reference to metallic pollution and will also be helpful in accessing the health status of economically important fishes as well as worsening status of aquatic bodies.
A study on the toxicity of 4-nonylphenol on the histopathology of testes of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Zade Suresh , Nagwanshi Aashikkumar , Shinkhede Milind , Agase Durgesh
Published: May 2018

In the present study, the effects of long term exposure (5 and 10 days) of 100 µg/lit 4-NP (nonyphenol) on the testis were investigated in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Histological examination of the testis of fish treated with 100 µg/lit 4-NP for 5 days showed the disintegration of cysts, separation of cells within the cysts, hypertrophy of sertoli cells and vaccuolation in testis. Histological examination of the testis of fish exposed to 100 µg/lit for 10 days showed alteration in structure of the primary spermatocytes. The structure of the spermatocytes changed from spherical to sickle shaped. Hypertrophy of sertoli cell, severe destruction of germ cells (spermatogonia), and vacuole formation was also seen. The study indicated that 4-nonylphenol had marked effects on the histology of testis of C. gariepinus. The severity of effects of fish increased with the time of exposure and it was noticed that there were marked structural changes in the testis exposed to 4-Nonylphenol for long term exposure.
Understanding the chapatti making attributes of the Indian wheats – II: The rheological basis
Authors: Kumar Satish , Sohu Virinder Singh , Gupta Satish Kumar , Singh Rajinder Pal , Bains Navtej Singh
Published: May 2018

The concept of good chapati varies from individual to individual and depends mainly on the rheological properties of the dough used to prepare the chapaties. The research project was largely built around two type of plant meterials, the tall traditional cultivars of the pre-dwarfing era, and three backcross recombinant populations (BC1F5 generation) C 273/PBW 343//PBW 343 (70 lines), C 306/PBW 534//PBW 534 (70 lines) and C 518/PBW 343//PBW 343 (80 lines). Association of traits studied with chapati score in set of cultivars and genetic stocks Starch pasting characteristics showed mild negative correlation with chapati quality, which is again contrasting, to the requirements of bread making. The correlations were not consistent over years possibly due to environmental factor (temperature, rainfall, fertilizer and irrigations etc.) and due to change in the constitution of the set. Similarly mixographic traits showed negative association chapati making quality. The correlations which prevail in the populations carry much greater weight as these have persisted over several rounds of recombination and are likely to reflect under lying causes of superior chapati quality. As various components of chapati quality would be disassembled, the relative levels of correlations for individual traits would be uncovered. Among the starch pasting characteristics, final viscosity and setback were consistently negatively associated with the chapati making quality. In case of the mixographic traits, mixing tolerance index is negatively associated whereas rate of dough development has consistent positive correlation with chapati quality.
Genetic variability study in F2 population of tetraploid dicoccum wheat crosses
Authors: Patil Channappagouda , Koujalagi Deepak
Published: May 2018

The aim of the present investigation was to estimate the genetic variability parameters in Wheat (Triticum dicoccum) F2 population of the cross DDK1025 X ML-1. The traits involved in study were grain yield, threshability, rachis percent and other yield contributing traits such as tiller number, number of grains per spike, number of spikelet’s per spike, etc. and the genetic variability parameters estimated are mean, range, Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability and genetic advance over mean. The results obtained from the study reveals higher mean and wider range for all the traits especially for plant height, tiller number, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spikelet, spike length, grain yield per plant, threshability and rachis. High degree of PCV with moderate GCV was observed for the traits like number of tiller per plant (20.96 PCV and 15.96 GCV), number of grains per spike (21.92 PCV and 18.79 GCV), rachis % (22.5 PCV and 19.10 GCV) and grain yield per plant (20.07 PCV and 18.10) . Heritability and genetic advance was recorded to high for all the traits in both the populations. On the basis of an overall consideration of the genetic variability parameters it may be concluded that F2 population of the cross, DDK-1025 x ML-1 have the potential source for improving the yield and its associated traits and also offering some scope in altering the plant height.
Experimental Study on Tribological Characteristics of AA 6061 Alloy Reinforced with Al2O3 and B4C Particles
Authors: AlShamari Khansa Daood , AlNaimi Ihsan Kadhom , Majid Raad Hameed
Published: June 2018

Two different composite materials were prepared by stir casting method of AA 6061 alloy as a matrix reinforced with two addition different ceramic materials Al2O3 and B4C of grain size   20 µm by 2.5, 5, 7.5 and10% in weight. The composite material with aluminum alloy as a matrix possesses a unique mechanical properties such as: high specific strength and hardness, low density, and high resistance to corrosion and friction wear. This composite is widely used in automotive parts space and marine applications.

Pin-on-disc technique was used to calculate the wear rate for each addition of Al2O3 and B4C particles. Rockwell hardness test and optical micrographs examinations were carried out to analyze, compare, and evaluate the addition of reinforced particles. The results of this investigation appeared that the 7.5% of ceramic particles addition give highest values of the hardness and wear resistance.
Numerical Modeling of Water Movement from Buried Vertical Ceramic Pipes through Soils
Authors: Rasheed Zena Kamil , Abid Maysoon Basheer
Published: June 2018

The problem of water scarcity is becoming common in many parts of the world, to overcome part of this problem proper management of water and an efficient irrigation system are needed.  Irrigation with a buried vertical ceramic pipe is known as a very effective in the management of irrigation water.  The two- dimensional transient flow of water from a buried vertical ceramic pipe through homogenous porous media is simulated numerically using the HYDRUS/2D software.  Different values of pipe lengths and hydraulic conductivity were selected.  In addition, different values of initial volumetric soil water content were assumed in this simulation as initial conditions.  Different values of the applied head were assumed in this simulation as boundary conditions.  The results of this research showed that greater spreading occurs in the horizontal direction.  Increasing applied heads, initial soil water contents and pipe hydraulic conductivities, cause increasing the size of wetting patterns but in a few increases.  Also, the results showed that the empirical formulas which can be used for expressing the wetted width and depth in terms of applied head, initial soil water content, application time, pipe hydraulic conductivity, and pipe length, are good and can be used as design equations.
“Reading” ability of students in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Kumar Narayan
Published: May 2018

Reading is the main means of exposure for English as a second or foreign language learner. The present study aimed at finding out the reading comprehension ability (RCA) of the master level students, majoring in English at Tribhuvan University (TU), Nepal in relation to IELTS academic reading test. Administering a sample testand analyzing its data, it was found that the RCA of the master level students is not adequate in terms of IELTS standard since their RCA is 41% and the IELTS score is 3.70 band. This shows that they are at ‘Extremely Limited User’ level for the admission policies in IELTS recognised countries and not eligible to get the admission in the IELTS recognised Universities. The implication of the study is that there is a need for reading skills development programme incorporating the enhancement of inferential, predictive and interpretive skills. Journal of NELTA, Vol 20 No. 1-2, December 2015, Page: 41-50
Changing Scenario of Language Classrooms in the Present Day World
Authors: Nepal Arun
Published: May 2018

The success or failure of language learning and teaching primarily depends upon the activities largely done by teachers and students in classrooms. Moreover, modern educational experts and scholars indicate the need for creating new kind of classroom scenario considering the various factors that differ from one context to another or from one classroom to another. The difference can be in the field of linguistic and cultural background of the students, their needs and interests, and other explicit or implicit areas. This article highlights eight different factors that contribute to creating successful and enjoyable language learning environment addressing the demand of changing scenario of language classrooms in the present day world. Finally, the article justifies the need for new kind of language classrooms providing some crucial evidences. Journal of NELTA, Vol 20 No. 1-2, December 2015, Page:63-70
Secondary EL Teachers’ CPD: Present Practices and Perceived Needs
Authors: Rouf Abdul , Mohamed Abdul Rashid
Published: May 2018

The present paper reports a study that aimed to explore secondary school (SS) English language (EL) teachers’ present practices of and perceived needs for continuing professional development (CPD) in Bangladesh. In 21st century worldwide educational settings, ‘change’ is the only constant trend. Consequently, EL teachers need to be continuously updated in their professional knowledge base and skills. They must be engaged in effective CPDs to keep abreast of innovations in language learning and teaching for their own career development and better learning outcomes for learners. Using a semi-structured questionnaire qualitative data was collected from 10 secondary EL teachers. The findings show that overall scenario of SS EL teachers’ CPD is not encouraging. The paper also discusses some implications for teachers’ professional learning.Journal of NELTA, Vol 22 No. 1-2, December 2017, Page: 1-12
Use of Journal Articles in English Language Classroom
Authors: Poudel Sagar
Published: May 2018

Teaching English without any instructional materials may be difficult or even impossible. There are lots of materials which facilitate both the teachers and students in language teaching and learning. As with other teaching materials and resources, journal articles are also an important source for language teaching. Taking this into account, this article tries to explore how EFL teachers perceive the value of journal articles and how they use them in their classrooms. More specifically, the article tries to explore whether and to what extent journal articles can be used as instructional materials, and what strategies teachers employ to use journals articles to enhance language proficiency of their students.Journal of NELTA ,  Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, Page: 110-116
Practical Pedagogic Ideas Teaching Communication Skill: Socializing (Making small talk)
Authors: Sapkota Sangita
Published: May 2018

English in a real-life situation has become a milestone for the Nepali learners at different levels of their study. Making English contextual and communicative is an essential area to be worked on. This lesson focuses on socializing, where students work on making small talk in English in a new setting.Journal of NELTA ,  Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, Page: 127-129
Paragraph Writing: A Process Based Model
Authors: Tamang Batuk Lal
Published: May 2018

Paragraph writing generally refers to developing a single idea on a given topic. I think teaching writing a paragraph is not a difficult task at basic and secondary levels (6-10 grades), as the students in Nepali context consider it as such. The skill used to write a paragraph could also be helpful even when one delivers speech on any of a number of topics. Writing a paragraph can be a joyful task if it follows a process-based model. This lesson focuses on teaching writing the paragraph while preparing teachers (pre-service) in post-secondary and bachelor’s level in the university to teach primarily at secondary level.Journal of NELTA ,  Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, Page: 130-134
A Learner-Engaging Reading Lesson
Authors: Gnawali Laxman
Published: May 2018

Teaching reading skill in the EFL classroom in Nepal and other countries with similar contexts is often a teacher-dominant phenomenon. Allowing and facilitating learners to take charge of the interactions with the text cannot only make lessons more interesting but prepare the learners to be in a position to develop independent reading skills for real life situations. This lesson illustrates the teaching of reading in which learners are actively engaged in the whole process while the teacher facilitates the process.Journal of NELTA, Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, Page: 143-146
Myths and Facts about Successful Learning
Authors: Neupane Madhu
Published: May 2018

Not available.Journal of NELTA ,  Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, Page: 151-154
Prosperity and Poverty in Times of Crisis
Authors: Shardlow Steven
Published: May 2018

Editorial
Can they be compared?
Authors: Tevlina Victoria
Published: May 2018

This essay concentrates on the social modernization that took place in Russia and Norway during the period from the late 19th to the early 21st century by examining the origins and the subsequent development of their welfare systems, including the social legislation passed. The focus is on the professional assistance provided and the specialized workers engaged in social care for the underprivileged sections of the population.
A cultural approach to social work studies
Authors: Jenssen Toril
Published: May 2018

More than ever social workers have to face people from cultures other than their own. How can this professional group best meet the multicultural reality of today’s society? It is in the social work study programs that the basis is laid for good cultural understanding in social work practice. It is also there that the basis is laid for social workers to orientate their work towards cultural processes that are relevant to the welfare situation of people.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TERPADU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENYIMAK DAN BERBICARA SISWA KELAS IX-2 SMPN 17 KENDARI
Authors: Arianto Arianto
Published: May 2018

This study aims to improve: (1) the teaching effectiveness of teachers, (2) students’ learning activities, and (3) listening and speaking skills of grade IX-2 students of SMP Negeri 17 Kendari through the application of integrated learning model. This research was conducted at class IX-2 of SMP Negeri 17 Kendari which consists of 32 students. This research is designed as descriptive study with classroom action research. The data collected in this study were analyzed descriptively, quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that the activities of teachers and students are increase; and the students’ learning outcomes of class IX-2 of SMP Negeri 17 Kendari through the application of integrated learning model are enhanced as well. The action took two cycles, in listening aspect with the speech messages as the lesson and speaking aspect with commenting on the content of the speech as the material. The improvement of learning outcomes for listening aspect is increased to 93.75%, and the speaking aspect to 87.5%.The results of this research are useful to increase the knowledge, give positive impact to improve learning result of Indonesian language at school, and increase knowledge about learning models and its application in learning process. Furthermore, the result can be a platform for further research development.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA GURU TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH
Authors: Fauzi Anis , Duriyat Duriyat
Published: May 2018

The aim of this research is to investigate the teachers’ competence and work motivation, as well as the students' achievement. It is specific for Islam education teachers (PAI); PAI teachers’ competence and work motivation, and to determine the students’ learning outcomes at Madrasah Tsanawiyah according to KKM of MTs Negeri 1 Serang. The research instrument used are questionnaire, test and documentation. The collected data was analyzed  by using quantitative data with descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis. After the researcher conducted the hypothesis testing, the following conclusions were obtained: First, the teachers’ competence, teachers’ work motivation, and the students’ achievement are classified as medium category. Second, there is a significant influence of PAI teachers’ competence towards the students’ achievement at Madrasah Tsanawiyah based on  KKM of  MTs Negeri 1 Kabupatten Serang taking up to 5.3%. Third, there is a significant influence of  PAI teachers’ work motivation towards students’ achievement at Madrasah Tsanawiyah based on KKM of MTs Negeri 1 Serang  as much as 15,5%. Fourth, there is a significant influence of PAI teachers’ competence and work motivation toward students' achievement at Madrasah Tsanawiyah based on KKM of MTs Negeri 1 Serang at 5.5%. Finally, it can be concluded that the influence of PAI teachers’ competence and work motivation toward students' achievement at Madrasah Tsanawiyah based on KKM of MTs Negeri 1 Serang is only 5.5%.
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Болатханова З. А.  , Сыздыков Е. К.
Published: May 2018

One of the priority directions of the economic reform, currently being carried out in Kazakhstan, is the formation and development of small business. The society is increasingly aware that small business is one of the key conditions for the formation of market mechanisms and is an integral part of the modern market system. Small business is not only a necessary link in the creation of a market system of management, but also the most essential element in the social transformation of society.The state policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding business is aimed at the formation of the middle class, through the development of small entrepreneurship, focused on the creation of new high-tech industries with the greatest added value.
ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ В СИСТЕМІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ
Authors: Сохнич А. Я.  , Смолярчук М. В.  , Сохнич О. А.
Published: May 2018

Today one of the problems is the fact that a significant part of the management team of different levels of government management is not well acquainted with the real state of the economy of the country and the necessity of its urgent reforming, which objectively impedes the transition to a new, more progressive, model of management of the country. Thus, a well- grounded judgment those radical changes in human resources policy have long been on time.The scientific and theoretical aspects of the infrastructure restructuring of Ukraine’s economy, its structural elements and institutional ways of state management of land resources are researched in the article. General tendencies of decreasing of economic indicators in the most significant spheres of economy of the country, including the land one, are investigated on the basis of the continuation of the destructive influence of crisis phenomena due to the global financial crisis.It is pointed out the importance of a radical change of the vector of the investment policy of the state from the passive and expectation one to the dynamically active one, which will give the opportunity to obtain modern technologies that are extremely necessary today, taking into account the miserable state of science in the state
ШЛЯХИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФІНАНСОВИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ДЛЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КЛІМАТИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ НА РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ ТА МІСЦЕВОМУ РІВНЯХ
Authors: Карлін М. І.
Published: May 2018

The paper discusses financial instruments that can be used to ensure climate security at the regional and local levels. The emphasis is on the application of the carbon tax, the "green" tariff, and the need to use, in addition to positive and negative financial instruments of the climate plan. The basic forms of climatic financial instruments at the regional and local levels are determined. The main measures to be taken to stop the ecological disaster in the Polissya regions of amber extraction are proposed, as well as the need to strengthen control and stimulate the financial interest of the regional communities in forest harvesting in their territory.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ТЕОРИИ НЕЧЕТКИХ МНОЖЕСТВ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ АНАЛИЗЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ
Authors: Файзиев Р. А.  , Хаитматов У. Т.  , Азаматов О. Х.  , Джуманиязов Ш. Р.  , Хасанова Х. Х.
Published: May 2018

The article outlines the main features of the use of the theory of indefinite bundles in the evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of investment projects.He analysis of methods for quantifying the effectiveness of the IP under uncertainty suggests that the existing methods either eliminate the uncertainty from the IP model, which is inappropriate, since uncertainty is an integral characteristic of any forecast, or are unable to formally describe, and take into account all possible varieties of types of uncertainty.Methods based on the theory of fuzzy sets refer to the methods of evaluation and decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. Their use implies the formalization of the initial parameters and performance targets of the IP in the form of a vector of interval values (fuzzy interval), the hit in each interval of which is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty.Also, the fuzzy-interval approach has advantages in solving the problems of forming an optimal portfolio of investment projects. To solve the problem of forming an optimal IP portfolio, a large number of models for the formation of an optimal IP portfolio have been developed, differing from each other in the form of objective functions, variable properties, used by mathematical methods, and uncertainty.
ABOUT THE NEED FOR PERFORMING TRAINING AND INCREASING THE QUALIFICATION OF DISPATCHERS AND MOVEMENT MANAGERS IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Authors: Dimitar Dimitrov  , Zlatin Trendafilov
Published: May 2018

The modern movement of trains in railway transport is a high-tech process related to the management of their movement through modern technical and information systems. The construction and modernization of these systems is cyclical and usually coincides with the rehabilitation and modernization of railway transport. These systems mainly employ mid and high management staff, namely traffic managers and train dispatchers of the respective railway sections. This publication discusses the contemporary aspects and perspectives for carrying out professional training and enhancing the qualifications of traffic managers and train dispatchers in railway transport. In fulfilling this objective, the functional characteristics, parameters and capabilities of the implemented concrete systems are taken into account, namely the company "TALES", which has implemented several projects in Bulgaria in recent years.
ANALYSIS OF THE MORTALITY STRUCTURE IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Shifris I. M. , Dudar I. O. , Gonchar I. I. , Krot V. F. , Krasyuk E. K. , Aleksieva N. G. , Khil M.
Published: June 2018

Studies of the mortality structure in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) remain relevant and are the basis for developing measures and recommendations directed to increase the lifetime of patients.

Aim. The aim was to study the assessment of death causes in patients who received programmed hemodialysis, based on the demographic and gender characteristics, the duration of dialysis treatment.

Methods. Mortality causes in 137 patients who received programmed hemodialysis from 2007 to 2011 years in Kyiv City Scientific and Practical Center of Nephrology an Dialysis were analyzed.

Results. The leading cause of death was cardiovascular complications, but their decreasing has been observed since 2008. Fatality rate in young and middle- aged women with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was almost two times higher than that of men. At the same time CVD is a predominant cause of men’s death at the age older than 44. Cerebrovascular complications were permanently in the second place of the mortality structure. About 30% of deaths occurred during the first 90 days of HD treatment, 72,5% of them were among males.

Conclusion. Gender characteristics influence the structure of death causes in patients received programmed hemodialysis depending on age.
DAILY BLOOD PRESSURE RHYTM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND NORMAL RENAL FUNCTION
Authors: Kraydashenko O.V. , Dolinnaya M.A.
Published: June 2018

To investigate indexes ofdaily blood pressure (BP) in patients with chronic glomerulonephri­tis (CGN) and normal renal function.
THE STATE OF MUCOSAL IMMUNITY AND MICROBIOCENOSIS OF THE GENITOURINARY TRACT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RECURRENT PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Romanenko O. , Stepanova N. , Rudenko A. , Kruglikov V. , Kornilina O. , Lebid L. , Kolesnyk M.
Published: June 2018

The aim - to examine the state of mucosal immunity and microbiocenosis of the genitourinary tract in patients with chronic pyelonephritis (PN) and determine their significance as risk factors of recurrences. Material and methods. In this research some 36 women mucosal immunity with recurrent PN had been investigated. Its peculiarities with the patients with recurrent PN (n=22) in comparison with relatively-healthy donors (n=12) as well as in comparison with sporadic disease (n=14). Some 16 females were investigated of biocenosis of vagina by the PLR real-time method. The material of the research was urine as well as scrapes of urethra and the cervical channel. The results of the research. The analysis of the quantity of microflora of vagina has indicated decreasing of Lactobacillus spp. In majority – 12 (75%) of the patients. During the investigations of hypostatis liquid of vagina the patients with PN, decreasing of intensity of phagocytosis of neutrophiles and macrophagus was indicated (р<0.001 and р=0.004, respectively), as well as increasing of phagocytosis activity of monocytes/macrofagus (р=0.01). The indicator of activation of neutrophiles as well as concentration Ig M surely high in the patients with S. faecalis in vagina (U=9.0; р=0,03 and ρ=0.64; р=0.007 respectively). The levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin in the urine of patients with pyelonephritis were significantly higher than those of conventionally healthy women (11.5 (1.7-27.1) vs 0.9 (0-1.2) ng/ml; р<0.001 and 5 (0-43) vs 0 (0-0)

р=0.004). sIg A concentration was significantly (p=0.008) reduced in the vagina of women with recurrent PN, whereas the level of lysozyme was significantly (p = 0.003) increased. In scrapings from the cervical canal was determined limits the intensity of spontaneous NBT reaction of neutrophils (p = 0.04).

The recurrence rate of PN was significantly correlated with number of Lactobacillus spp. in the vagina (r=-0.6244; p=0.0074), and with the intensity of the metabolic monocytes potential that were isolated from the vagina (ρ=0.53; p=0.01), and with the urinary lysozyme concentration (r=0.378; p=0.03), and with Ig G concentration of in the vaginal washings (ρ=-0,46; p=0.001).

Conclusions. Vaginal dysbiosis in patients with recurrent PN is a major cause of reducing the barrier properties of the mucosa of the urogenital tract. Imbalance of local immunity is determined a violation of functional reserve oxygen dependent metabolism of phagocytic cells and the lack of local produce sIg A and Ig G against a background of increased secretion of lysozyme in the urine and the vagina.
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND HLA-PHENOTYPE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Kolesnyk М. , Driyanska V. , Velychko М. , Drannik G. , Nepomnyaschiy V. , Savchenko V. , Gaiseniuk F.
Published: June 2018

It was to determine associations the serum levels ofVEGF and with HLA inpatients with chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome (CGN, NS).

Materials and methods. There was studied the serum levels of VEGF (80 patients) by ELIZA and HLA-antigens distribution in the CGN, NS patients (534) by typing the lymphocytes with the aid of standard microlymphocytotoxic test (Terasaki’s test). The diagnosis was confirmed morphologically using by nephrobiopsy.

Results. The distribution of HLA-A, В antigens of the 2 group patients having the CGN, NS with various serum levels of VEGF is shown. Associations of some HLA-antigens and high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in blood were noted.

Conclusion. High serum level VEGF and HLA-A9, A10 (25+26) and B8 in CGN, NS patients associated with steroidoresistence.
THE LEVEL OF ANTIVIRAL ANTIBODIES AND INDEXES OF LOCAL IMMUNITY INTHE DYNAMICS OF THE TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN THE PRESENCE OF HERPESVIRAL INFECTION
Authors: Kruglikov V. , Bagdasarova І. , Kruglikova І. , Kornilina Е.
Published: June 2018

The aim of the work was to study of indicators characterizing the state of local immunity, tension of specific immunity in children with variousforms of glomerulonephritis (GN) by presence of herpesviral infection (HVI) in the dynamics oftreatment using antiviral therapy.

Materials and methods. A quantitative assessment of the content of slgA, SLPI, MCP-1 and IL-8 in the urine of 37 patients with glomerulonephritis and 10 apparently healthy individuals was conducted. In serum of blood were determined specific IgGand IgMantibodies to HSV, CMVand EBV.

Results. The most common HVI was caused by EBV (78,4%) in children with GN. The use of antiviral therapy helped to reduce the level ofspecific IgGin the blood ofchildren with GN in 86.1%of the active (reactivated) HVIand in 38,9% - below the diagnostically significant parameters. Inclusion of antiviral agents to standard therapy of GNpatients in the presence of HVI can reduce the level of MCP-1 and IL-8 in the urine, which indicates the reduction of inflammatory processes in the kidney. There was noted an increase in urine the slgA and SLPI concentrations due to antiviral treatment, but these changes were within the physiological norm, in contrast to patients who had received only standard therapy, which were determined by considerably exceeding the norm value.

Conclusion. Appointment of antiviral therapy leads to a transitionfrom active infection to the latent stage of theflow, which improves the clinical condition.
TRACE ELEMENTS CONTENTS DYNAMICS IN WHOLE BLOOD IN CHILDREN WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE RECEIVING DIALYSIS
Authors: Prodanchuk M. G. , Makarov O. O. , Sheiman B. S. , Vasileva O. G. , Bodnar G. B.
Published: June 2018

Homeostasis disorders in kidneys damage is accompanied by the accumulation or reduction of trace elements as a component of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progression. The degree of trace elements misbalanced depends on the stage of CKD. The deep disorders are most common during renal replacement therapy (RRT), especially in children due to anatomic and physiological immaturity.

Materials and methods: We investigated the 20 trace elements blood concentrations in 42 children with CKD V D depending on RRT duration used the technique of inductive coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICPMS).

Results: There is detected significant increase of cobalt (in 3,80 times), cadmium (2,66), lead (2,44) and nickel (7,19) in patients with statistically weighty decrease in vanadium (1,49), chromium (1,62), arsenic (9,45), strontium (2,02), barium (5,29), rubidium (2,69 and zinc (1,46). It was found the increasing levels of aluminum, chromium and zinc in RRT duration enlargement (p<0,05).

Conclusions: The course of CKD V D in children is accompanied with substantial and multidirectional changes in trace elements blood levels that characterized by a predominance of accumulation processes versus elimination depending the RRT duration.
COMORBIDITY AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEAS STAGE 5 D
Authors: Shifris I. M. , Dudar I.O.
Published: June 2018

Annual expansion of dialysis population, high mortality, considerable expenses on specialized medical care are evoked the medical community to research comorbidities, that undoubtedly has an influence on course of chronic kidney disease VD stage (CKD VD st.) and prognosis.

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and structure of comorbid conditions in patients with CKDVD stage, and determinate the relation between comorbidities and survival rate in dialysis population.

Materials and methods. It was studied the prevalence and structure of comorbidities among 204 patients with CKD VD st. (125 on hemodialysis [HD], 51 on peritoneal dialysis [PD], and 28 on hemodiafiltration [HDF]). All recorded concomitant diseases with its incidence data and coand polymorbidity indices were analyzed in consideration of renal replacement therapy (RRT). The survival rates were assessed in according with indices of comorbidity by Kaplan - Mayer methodology.

Results. The performed analysis was demonstrated that in almost single patient had no mononosologicalpathology. The numbers of concomitant diseases were 3,55, 3,3 и 3,4 3,3per patient on HD, HDF and PD, respectively, without significant relation with RRT modality. In according with the study results the most common comorbid conditions, irrespective from RRT modality, were anaemia (88%), arterial hypertension (86%), and secondary hyperparathyroidism (40%). The proposed modified index of polymorbidities was revealed as the universal marker of survival rate in patients with CKD VD st.

Conclusion. Thus the considerable prevalence of comorbid conditions in population ofpatients with CKD VD st. irrespective of RRT modality has significant negative effect on prognosis.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND VISCERAL CANDIDIASIS
Authors: Moyseyenko V. , Nykula T. , Burzhynskaya I.
Published: June 2018

Kidneys play a significant role in metabolism, detoxification, biotransformation of dietary, medicinal and other substances. The mainstay of treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease, including pyelonephritis is antibiotic therapy; of glomerulonephritis - glucocorticoids, cytostatics. The presence of comorbidities, diabetes increases the total number of drugs used. Frequent prolonged use of drugs causes secondary immunodeficiency, gastrointestinal tract dysbiosis, clinical manifestations of which are oral mucosa candidiasis; the progression of kidney damage, kidney transplant may cause visceral candidiasis. Control of immunosuppressive therapy, parenteral infusion ofantifungal agents and timely diagnosis prevent candidiasis in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Implikasi Pendidikan Islam Dalam Pendidikan Anak Menurut Irwan Prayitno
Authors: Candra Kirana Zuyyina
Published: May 2018

Education for children is a principle of human happiness must begin from childhood and is the best time to learn the correct method of life. Ability to capture and follow (lessons), and the sensitivity of receiving knowledge is still very strong in children.

According to. Irwan Prayitno child is a very special figure, which in its development requires guidance and guidance from parents in order to realize the figure of a virtuous child. Educating children requires detailed description and precise data collection of the child's behavior. Data collection is needed to direct the potential in children.According to Irwan Prayitno in realizing the figure of a virtuous child, the child requires proper upbringing. According to him the proper education is education based on Islamic values. Because Islam is a perfect religion. It covers all aspects of human life. Including the issue of children's education who get a place in it, Islam is very concerned about families and children who are the basic foundation. on Islamic values as a reference in formulating the applied education.

Based on the analysis, there are many similarities between educational concepts. Irwan Prayitno with the concept of Islamic education. So indirectly education. Irwan Prayitno has a close relationship with Islamic education.
Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah dalam Perspektif Said Aqil Siradj
Authors: Fadlullah Muhammad Endy
Published: May 2018

The discourse about Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah is still very interesting among academics. This term becomes an idol for every stream and is raised within the scope affirming its status as a surviving stream of the world and the hereafter (firqah al-Najiah). Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah became fertile because it is supported by the hadith of the Prophet who indeed came from 73 groups of Islam only one who survived the Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah group. Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah by Said Aqil as People who have a method of religious thinking that covers all aspects of life based on the foundations of moderation, maintaining balance and tolerance. Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah is a school that will become a Manhaj al-Fikr, as it is only an attempt to find a middle ground between the various streams. Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah there is no limitations and provisions that should be the same as Imam Abu Hasan al-Asy'ari or al-Maturidi but the pillars of Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah understand this must-have differences and opinions in interpreting the source of religion not become the gulf as long as still holding pillars (rukn) Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah namely the divinity (uluhiyah), apostles (Nubuwah) and the end (al-Ma'd).
Pengaruh Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Profitabilitas dan Rasio Pasar terhadap Kebijakan Dividen pada Perusahaan Rokok
Authors: Wijaya Evelyn
Published: June 2018

The research on financial factors and its effect to dividend policy of Company which is listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange have been carried out by several researchers, but the results showed inconsistent. This research aims to test the influence of liquidity ratio, profitability ratio, market ratio, and its effect on dividend policy of Cigarette Company. The liquidity ratio proxied by Current Ratio, profitability ratio proxied by Net Profit Margin, market ratio proxied by Earning Per Share, and dividend policy proxied by Dividend Per Share. The sample used are 3 companies, listed in IDX period of 2001-2014. Data used in this study is secondary data by using financial statements. The Data analyzed using multiple linear regression. The result showed that net profit margin has a significant effect on dividend per share whereas current ratio and earnings per share has no significant effect on dividend per share of cigarette company which listed in IDX period of 2004-2014.

Keywords : Liquidity Ratio, Profitability Ratio, Market Ratio, Dividend Policy.
Synthesis of 4-aryl-1,3,4a-Triazaphenanthrene-2-Selones via Three-Component Condensation of Quinolin-2-Amine, Potassium Selenocyanate and an Acyl Chloride
Authors: Singh Sonia , Mosslemin Mohammad H. , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: May 2018

A three-component reaction between quinolin-2-amine, potassium selenocyanate and variously substituted benzoyl chlorides in acetone at room temperature provided a simple and efficient one-pot route for the synthesis of six 4-aryl-1,3,4a-triazaphenanthrene-2-selones in good yields.
Syntheses and Structures of a Class of Bridged Bis(Amidinate)s and Derivatives
Authors: Wang Fen-Hua , Wang Song , Huang Jiang-Sheng , Zhang Jun , Ding Chun-Mei
Published: May 2018

A series of different types of ‘bridge’ linked bis(amidinate)s have been prepared. Reactions of a variety of linked diamines with pivaloyl chloride yielded the corresponding diamides in very high yields. Conversion of the diamides to the diimine chloride is achieved with PCl5 in CH2Cl2. Reactions of the diimine chloride with aniline or t-butyl amine yielded the bis(amidinate)s in good yields, while reaction with pyrrolyl sodium or 2,5-dimethyl pyrrolyl potassium afforded the corresponding derivatives. Their structures were characterised by NMR and HRMS, and some products were further characterised by X-ray crystal structure analysis. It was found that the locations of the hydrogen atoms within the two amidine fragments vary. The structures showed that in the phenylene-linked bis(amidinate)s, the hydrogen atoms were attached to different nitrogen atoms in the amidine groups, and in the cyclohexylene-linked bis(amidinate)s or their derivatives, the C=N of the amidine groups were conjugated with the aromatic rings.
DBU-Promoted Cu(OAc)•H2O-Catalysed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Iodides and Sodium Azide
Authors: Jiang Yuqin , Suo Huajun , Zhao Yaru , Li Xiyong , Sun Yamin , Li Xingfeng , Dong Wenpei , Li Wei , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Guiqing
Published: May 2018

An efficient and simple protocol for the synthesis of aryl azides by the coupling of aryl iodides with sodium azide, in good to excellent yields in DMSO at 95 °C under catalysis by Cu(OAc)2-H2O and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), has been established. The optimised loadings of Cu(OAc)2-H2O and DBU were 10 mol% and 15 mol% respectively.
Problematiche socio-economiche dei processi produttivi e distributivi di beni contraffatti
Authors: Silvestrelli Paola
Published: May 2018

Negli ultimi trenta anni è stata rilevata una consistente espansione della produzione e della distribuzione di beni contraffatti a livello globale, in concomitanza allo sviluppo delle imprese industriali del Made in Italy e alla crescente attrattività dei prodotti "di marca". Sono numerosi i settori merceologici colpiti dalla contraffazione di prodotti e di marchi, la quale si configura come un fenomeno "strutturale" degli attuali sistemi economici, coinvolgendo imprese di produzione (regolari e illegali), differenti tipologie di intermediari commerciali (soprattutto quelli abusivi) e cittadini.Il presente lavoro è diretto ad analizzare i fattori-causa e le caratteristiche tecniche, economiche e sociali della contraffazione, collegando tali variabili alle trasformazioni verificatesi nelle strutture produttive, nei sistemi di distribuzione e nei modelli di consumo del nostro Paese. A tal fine, si evidenziano le interdipendenze tra questi fenomeni e i comportamenti dei soggetti economici, alla luce dell'evoluzione del modus operandi di fare affari, indotta dalla globalizzazione economica.Si delinea così uno "schema interpretativo" del fenomeno, che appare ormai come un insieme di attività illegali non del tutto avulse dalle filiere e dai distretti produttivi. Analizzando le ripercussioni socio-economiche della contraffazione e i danni da questa provocati ai vari soggetti (imprese, lavoratori, Stato e cittadini), vengono presentati alcuni strumenti per contrastare i comportamenti illeciti delle organizzazioni criminali; ciò al fine di tutelare i prodotti Made in Italy e le strategie di investimento delle imprese virtuose italiane.