bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Ascorbic Acid and Gallic Acid in Amla Juice Preparation
Authors: Singh Mela , Kumar Dharmender , Naman Subh , Madhavi Nupur , Singh Preet Amol , Bajwa Neha , Bajwa Neha , Baldi Ashish
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to asses a simple, selective, precise, and reproducible high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous estimation analysis of ascorbic acid (AA) and gallic acid (GA) in amla juice preparation. The aluminium-based pre-coated TLC plates (Silica gel G 60F 254) were used for the HPTLC fingerprinting analysis. The chromatograms of samples were developed in twin trough glass chamber pre-saturated with mobile phase (toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: formic acid; 3:3:2:1, v/v/v/v) at room temperature (25 ± 2°C). The densitometric analysis was carried out in absorbance mode at 254 nm. The optimized mobile phase showed compact spots of AA and GA at 0.59 and 0.86 Rf respectively. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots of AA and GA showed good linearity (r2= 0.992 and 0.996 respectively) with respect to peak area in the range of 200-1400 ng/spot. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The limits of detection and quantification (40 and 140 ng/spot, respectively) were also established. The proposed method has shown the excellent recovery (98.97–99.89%), which supports the suitability of the method for the analysis of AA and GA in the amla juice and other preparations containing these ingredients.
Keywords: Amla juice, Ascorbic acid, Gallic acid, HPTLC, ICH guidelines, Validation.
In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Phlorizin Derived Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor
Authors: De A , Chattopadhyay P , Singh M
Published: September 2024

Objectives- In vitro antioxidant activity assay is the preliminary step to determine a drug’s efficacy in combating oxidative stress when used in a clinical condition. The current study was aimed to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of antidiabetic drug-SGLT-2 inhibitor (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) in combating the oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Methods- A total of five methods were adopted for determining the antioxidant potential of the drugs. The methods were DPPH radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdenum assay, assessment of inhibition of lipid peroxidation and FRAP. Results- The results indicated canagliflozin as best DPPH radical scavenger and empagliflozin as the best scavenger of nitric oxide radicals. Also, empagliflozin showed best reducing power and canagliflozin showed promising results in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Conclusion- These findings suggest that use of canagliflozin and empagliflozin in diabetic patient will control the hyperglycemic conditions well as other complications that are caused by hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress.
Keywords- DPPH radicals, Lipid peroxidation, Oxidative stress, Phosphomolybdenum assay, SGLT-2 inhibitor
Analytical Method Development of Saxagliptin HCl by RP-HPLC
Authors: Zinjad Sanchay S , Patel S G , Gaikwad D D , Jadhav S L
Published: September 2024

Reversed-phase chromatography is the mainly used in chromatographic mode, it is used to separate neutral molecules in solution based on their hydrophobicity. This technique is the reverse of normal-phase chromatography in the intelligence that it involves the employ of a polar mobile phase and a non-polar stationary phase. A sensitive, accurate, rapid, cost effective and robust HPLC method was developed for the quantification of Saxagliptin Hydrochloride (SGH) with UV detector. In this method, a reversed-phase Grace C18 (250mm x 4.6ID, Particle size: 5 micron) column with a mobile phase of methanol: water (80:20; v/v) at 0.8ml/min flow rate was used to separate SGH with a detection of 212nm.The volume injected was 20 µL. The retention time of SGH was obtained as 4.196 min. Hence it can be applied for routine analysis of Saxagliptin Hydrochloride (SGH) in bulk drug.
Keywords: Saxagliptin Hydrochloride (SGH), RP-HPLC, Assay, Method validation.
HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Esomeprazole in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Jain Vivek , Shah Vikesh Kumar , Jain Prabhat Kumar
Published: September 2024

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of esomeprazole in bulk and tablet dosage forms. The separation was achieved on Thermo C18 analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5.0 μm) using acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio 50:50 v/v as mobile phase and at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection was carried out using a UV detector at 300nm. The total chromatographic analysis time per sample was about 8.0min with esomeprazole eluting at retention time of about 6.863±0.3 min. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity and sensitivity. Validation studies demonstrated that this HPLC method is simple, specific, rapid, reliable and reproducible. The standard curve was linear over the concentration range of 5-25μg/ml with r2 close to one (0.999). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) obtained for esomeprazole were 0.100μg/ml and 0.314μg/ml respectively. The developed and validated method was successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of ESOMZ 20 Tablet. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirm the suitability of the proposed method for the determination of esomeprazole in tablets dosage form.
Keywords: Analytical method development, Reversed phase HPLC method, ICH guidelines, Tablet dosage forms, Accuracy and precision
Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanol Fruit Pulp Extract of (Green Kiwi Fruit) Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson
Authors: Sivaraj C , Amshaja Menon , Saraswathi K , Arumugam P
Published: September 2024

The genus name Actinidia refers the Greek word aktinos (rays), which refers to the styles of the female flower, which radiate from the center and resemble the spokes of a wheel. China is the native origin of Kiwi fruit, therefore, it is national fruit of China. It is indigenous to the mountainous regions of southwestern and central china. It is mainly cultivated in Central Europe (New Zealand, Chile, Turkey, Portugal, Italy, Greece, France and Japan), United States and China. The fruits, stems and roots are used as diuretic, febrifuge and sedative. They are used in the treatment of stones in the urinary tract, rheumatoid arthralgia, cancers of the liver and oesophagus. The study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activities and GC-MS analysis of aqueous and ethanol fruit pulp extracts of Actinidia deliciosa. The antioxidant assays such as DPPH˙ radical, Superoxide (O2.‑) radical, ABTS●+ radical cation scavenging activities, phoshomolybdenum reduction and Fe3+ reduction activities were carried out for aqueous and ethanol fruit pulp extracts. The maximum ABTS●+ radical cation scavenging activity for aqueous extract was 84.79±0.46% and ethanol extract was 79.51±0.45% at 30 µg/mL concentration and the IC50 for aqueous extract and ethanol extract was 10.62 and 15.20 μg/mL concentration respectively. The maximum phosphomolybdenum reduction was 92.09±0.28% for aqueous extract and 82.07±0.16% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the RC50 for aqueous extract and ethanol extract was 13.09 and 20.02 μg/mL concentration respectively. GC-MS analysis of aqueous fruit pulp extract showed different active compounds such as Nonanal, Flavone, Phytol with retention time 16.82, 19.92 and 26.73. Also, the GC-MS analysis of ethanol fruit pulp extract possessed various phytocompounds such as Lithic acid, Oleic acid and Vitamin D with retention time 16.15, 18.9 and 20.28. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, hypocholestrolemic, antimicrobial and anticancer activities.
Keywords: Actinidiaceae, DPPH˙ radical, Superoxide (O2.‑) radical, ABTS•+ radical cation, Lithic acid, Oleic acid, Phenols.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Dalk (Massage) with Roghan Labub-E-Saba in the Control of Insomnia Disorder
Authors: Fatma Saba , Anjum Rubi , Anjum Atiya , Wani Paras
Published: September 2024

Background: This pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of Dalk (massage) with Roghan Labub-e-Saba (a local Unani formulation) in the control of Insomnia Disorder.
Methods: This Pilot study was done in the months of March and April of the year 2019. A before and after interventional study was done in which total 6 patients of Insomnia Disorder were selected, 3 patients were selected from the OPD of Majeedia Unani Hospital, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India and 3 patients were selected from the community of South Delhi, India. Patients were selected on the basis of subjective parameters and objective parameters of Insomnia Disorder as mentioned in DSM- V. The Patients were provided Dalk (Massage) with Roghan Labub- e- Saba on forehead and temporal region for 15 minutes daily for two weeks. The assessment was done before and after the intervention on the basis of standard methods of scoring specified for insomnia scales i.e. Athens Insomnia Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Results: Out of total 6 participants, 4 were male and 2 were female. The mean age of the participants was 30.67 years. All the participants showed significant improvement. . Massage with Roghan Labub-e-Saba was found effective in reducing insomnia and it was found statistically significant (0.0040* and 0.0003*).
Conclusions: Dalk (massage) therapy is the safe and good alternative modality of conventional sedative hypnotic medications in the control of Insomnia Disorder. It has also not been noted any adverse and addictive effects, therefore it can be used in long-term therapeutics.
Keywords: Insomnia Disorder, Sehar, Dalk, Massage, Ilaj Bil Tadbeer & DSM-V.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Sun Protection Factor of Herbal Sunscreen Cream Containing Butea monosperma, Neolamarckia cadama and Punica granatum Extracts
Authors: Sutar Manisha , Chaudhari Sanjay R , Chavan Macchindra J
Published: September 2024

Sun radiations are the primary source of light & energy and the main causative factor in various skin conditions such as sunburn, photoaging, skin cancer development.These harmful effects may be due to the production of free radicals(Reactive oxygen species). Physical sun protection is not sufficient to get rid of such unwanted changes skin appearance and physiology. Now a day’s cosmetics and pharmaceuticals are added with natural sunscreens protecting reagents to provide health benefit apart from beautification. The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate natural sun protective topical formulation comprising methanolic extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.) flower, Neolamarckia cadama (Roxb.) leaves and Punica granatum (Linn) peel. The formulated cream was evaluated for its Total flavonoid and phenolic content, In vitro sun protecting activity and physicochemical parameters. The Total flavonoid and Phenolic content were found to be 42.07  mg QE/g and 57.03 ± 3.06 mg GAE/g respectively. While the SPF values were found to be 1.75,2.94,3.87 for the concentration 20 µg/ml, 30 µ g/ml and 40 µ g/ml respectively. From the study we can conclude that cream containing herbal extracts will enhance the sun protection property and it will significantly contribute to UV absorbing property of conventional herbal sunscreen formulations. It will provide the great advantage of avoiding the adverse and undesirable effects pf synthetic compounds.
Keywords: Butea monosperma (Lam.),Neolamarckia cadama (Roxb.), Punica granatum (Linn), sun protection factor and antioxidant .
Niosomes: A Promising Approach in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Kumar Lakhvinder , Kumar Prevesh , Prasad Neelkant , Rastogi Vaibhav
Published: September 2024

Design of vesicles as a tool to enhance drug delivery has created a lot of interest among humans operating within drug delivery systems space over the past decade. Niosomes are formations of vesicles by a hydrating mixture of cholesterol and nonionic surfactants. Completely different novel approaches used to deliver these medicines include liposomes, microspheres, engineering science, small emulsions, antibody-loaded drug delivery, magnetic microcapsules, implantable pumps and niosomes. Design and development of novel drug delivery system (NDDS) has two prerequisites. First, it should distribute the drug in accordance with a predetermined rate and second it should release therapeutically effective amount of drug at the site of action. Conventional dosage forms are unable to meet these requisites. Niosomes are basically non-ionic surfactant based vesicles in which an aqueous solution of solute is completely sealed off by a membrane resulting from the group of surfactant macromolecules as bilayer. Niosomes remain in the bloodstream for a reasonable time, which is useful for targeted drug delivery. This review additionally presents an overview of the strategies of preparation of niosome, types of niosomes, characterization and their applications.
Keywords: Niosomes, Vesicles, NDDS, Conventional, Micromolecules.
Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Diclofenac Sodium and Serratiopeptidase in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Parmar Kinjal , Patel Pinkal , Parate Pandurang , Patel Janki
Published: September 2024

Second order derivative spectroscopy method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Diclofenac sodium (DFS) and Serratiopeptidase (SPD) in bulk and tablet dosage form. Accurate and Précised UV Spectrophotometric method with good sensitivity has been developed for simultaneous estimation of DFS and SPD. The method employs Second order derivative based on the measurement of absorbance of DFS at ZCP 264.20 nm and SPD at ZCP 295.20 nm. The calibration curve was linear in a concentration range of 5-30 μg/ml for DFS and 25-150 μg/ml for SPD. The developed method was validated as per ICH guideline, for its accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and the results were found to be satisfactory, thus the method is specific, rapid and simple with good sensitivity for estimation of DFS and SPD in marketed dosage form.
Keywords: Diclofenac sodium, Serratiopeptidase, Second order derivative method, Validation
A Review on Study of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Some Herbal Plants in Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Gurjar Vikram Singh , Sharma Yogesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Glucose metabolism involves small intestine, pancreas, muscle cell and liver. If there are, some problem with any of this diabetes organ leads to defect in glucose metabolism and can develop diabetes. Western medicine now prevails over “traditional” forms of medicine including herbal medicine systems. The use of a medicinal herb, alone or in combination with other herbs, can be thought of as a type of combination therapy because of the complexity of the phytochemicals and bioactivities in the plant. Diabetes will be induced by intra-peritoneal injection of Alloxan monohydrate and many experimental models were available for anti-diabetic screening on animal studies.
The Characterization and Analysis of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Nosocomial Infection
Authors: Maheswari P , Arjun Kumar K , Ramya S. , Venkatesh M. , Vigneshwaran B.
Published: September 2024

The plant extracts are effective for the various aspects in the field of biology. There has been an increasing interest world-wide on therapeutic values of natural products. The extracts of Trigonella and Phyllanthus are observed to have anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity. The clinical pathogens showed growth inhibition to the both extracts. The extracts showed inhibition of zone in Staphylococci and E coli. The combined effect was observed to have anti-fungal effect. The extracts were analysed for the anti-oxidant assays which showed fine amount of scavenging of the free radicals in total anti-oxidant capacity and DPPH assay. Thus, the concept will be useful for the treatment of some of the nosocomial infections.
Keywords: Trigonella, Phyllanthus, anti-microbial activity, anti-oxidant activity, nosocomial infection.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Metformin Hydrochloride Sustained Release Tablets
Authors: Maram Chinna Eswaraiah , Sollu Jaya
Published: September 2024

The objective of the present study was to study the effect of hydrophilic polymers on sustained release of metformin hydrochloride from tablets. Compatibility was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique using Xanthan gum alone and in combination with HPMC as release retardant. Di calcium phosphate was used as diluent. The prepared matrix tablets were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters such as weight variation, hardness, friability, content uniformity and in-vitro dissolution. Pre and post compression parameters were evaluated and all the parameters were found within the limit. The drug release data were subjected to different models in order to evaluate release kinetics and mechanism of drug release. Formulation F5 was selected as best formulation. The dissolution of formulation F5 can be described by first order kinetics with fickian diffusion as the release mechanism.
Keywords: Matrix tablets, Metformin hydrochloride, Xanthan gum, HPMCK4M and HPMCK15M.
HPLC Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Chlorthalidone in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Gandhi Santosh Vilaschand , Sanklecha Akshay Pramod
Published: September 2024

The present work relates to development and validation of simple, precise and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the analysis of Chlorthalidone in tablet dosage form. Method was developed for qualitative and quantitative estimation of Chlorthalidone in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using mobile phase 20 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer pH 4.0: methanol (30:70 %v/v) on HiQ Sil C8 (4.6 mm*250 mm* 5μm) column. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and the eluent was monitored at 230 nm. Retention time was 3.334±0.042 min. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5-30 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9915. All the parameters were validated as per ICH guidelines and found to be suitable for routine analysis of drug in pharmaceutical dosage form.
Keywords: Chlorthalidone, Quantitative and Qualitative estimation, HPLC.
BURDEN OF MIGRAINE
Authors: PANIGRAHI SAPTARSHI , Sengupta Riyanka
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder with several trigger factors including dietary, hormonal and environmental factors. Migraine is a Primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe. Typically, the headaches affect one-half of the head, are pulsating in nature, and last from two to 72 hours. Nitrates, such as cardiac therapeutics and food additives, are common headache triggers, with nitric oxide playing an important role. Trigger factors are frequent in migraine patients, it avoidance may decrease headache frequency and also improve patients quality of life. Facultative anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity may contribute migraine-triggering levels of nitric oxide through the salivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway.
GC-MS Analysis of Acetone Extract of Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk.) Web. V. Bosse collected from Kanyakumari in the South East Coast of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: John Peter Paul J
Published: September 2024

The present study was carried out to analyse the acetone extract of marine green macro alga Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk.) Web. V. Bosse using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal the presence of various secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds. The analysis revealed eleven bioactive compounds such as trans-Z-.alpha-bisabolene epoxide (2.041%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (10.528%), n-hexadecanoic acid (4.562%), octadecanoic acid (16.371%) pentadecane (44.589%),  didodecyl phthalate (2.323%), palmitaldehyde (5.316%), α-D-ribofuranoside phenyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-1-thio- (2.247%), tetracosanal (2.589%), vitamin-E (3.976%) and 1,3-dioxolane, 4-ethyl-5-octyl-2, 2-bis (trifluoromethyl)- (5.458%). The bioactive compounds from acetone extract of Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk.) Web. V. Bosse may have the potential effect against bacteria, fungi, free radical scavenging, etc and can used in the drug discovery and development sector.
Keywords: Caulerpa racemosa, Seaweed, Bioactive, GC-MS, Secondary metabolites.
Applied Anatomical Consideration of Eye, Ear and Nose as per Ayurveda
Authors: Aanand Deepika
Published: September 2024

The knowledge about anatomical perspective of human body and its correlation with physiological functioning was established anciently by various traditional medical practitioners.  The oldest Vedic systems also encompass some information related to human body and its functioning. The traditional ayurveda Samhitas described significant anatomical information about human body around 6th century BCE. The knowledge about anatomical aspect of various organs is very essential to treat ailments related to them. The sense organs Netra (eye), Karna (ear) and Nasa (nose) are very delicate therefore their anatomical consideration is very important while performing surgical intervention related to them. Considering these all aspects present article describes applied anatomical view on Netra, Nasa and Karna. 
Keywords: Ayurveda, Anatomy, Netra, Nasa, Karna.
Sense and response in the cell
Authors: Taxak Shashank
Published: September 2024

Almost a century ago, Paul Ehlrich proposed the concept of the ‘receptors’ as sensing components of cellular signaling pathways for the mediation of downstream response in context of toxin action. Since then, we have come a long way in describing the signal transduction through dynamic sense & response in various domains of cell physiology studies, beyond the static ‘receptor-ligand’ mechanism. A multi-nodal characteristic of such signaling modules generates an enriched version of temporal signals responsible for a fine-tuned cellular response based on the identity and severity of stimulus. Here, we review diverse modes of dynamic signal transduction mechanism for efficient cellular response.
Development and Evaluation of Clopidogrel Bisulphate Multi-Unit Floating Mini-Tablets
Authors: Kotharapu Rama Koteswararao , Lankalapalli Srinivas
Published: September 2024

The objective of the present work was to formulate and characterize multi-unit floating drug delivery system of Clopidogrel bisulphate to increase the bioavailability and sustain the drug release properties up to 8 h with more predictable drug release kinetics that avoids all or nothing emptying effect wherefore to improve patient compliance. Clopidogrel bisulphate floating mini-tablets were prepared  by effervescent approach with melt granulation and direct compression techniques alone and in combination using Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M and Compritol 888 ATO at different concentrations (20%, 30% and 40% w/w) alone and in combination. Sodium bicarbonate at concentration 10% w/w was optimized as gas generating floating agent. Evaluations were carried out on physical parameters, floating behavior and influence of type of polymer on drug release rate of prepared mini tablet formulations. All the formulations were subjected to various quality control and in-vitro dissolution studies and corresponding dissolution data were fitted to popular release kinetic equations in order to evaluate release mechanisms and kinetics. All the Clopidogrel bisulphate floating mini tablet formulations followed zero order kinetics. As per Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, the release exponent “n” ranged 0.561-0.758 indicating that drug release from all the formulations was by non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Based on the results, Clopidogrel bisulphate floating mini tablets prepared by employing combination of 20% w/w HPMC K100M and 20% w/w Compritol 888 ATO offered desired in-vitro floating time and drug dissolution profile.
Keywords: Bioavailability, Clopidogrel bisulphate, floating mini-tablets, release kinetics, sustained release.
ACUTE TOXICITY AND IN-VIVO LAXATIVE STUDIES OF THE TRIPHALA EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: Revathi Sundaramoorthy , Gopal V , Jeyabalan G
Published: September 2024

Triphala has been extensively used in traditional medicine for laxative, antidiabetic, expectorant, astringent, anti-aging etc.  The acute toxicity of methanolic extracts of Triphala in 300 mg, 600 mg, and 1000 mg/kg has not yet been studied.  The current studies were done by employing Swiss Albino mice as experimental animal. The methanolic extracts of Triphala were considered safe up to a dose of 1000 mg/kg when evaluated for acute oral toxicity in accordance with the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. The results of acute toxicity showed no signs of toxicity such as general behaviour changes, mortality, changes on gross appearance or histopathological changes of the internal organs of rats. The examinations of signs of acute toxicity showed no abnormalities in the test groups as compared to the controls. Haematological and blood chemical values in treated groups were normal in comparison with the control group.  Therefore, the extract of Triphala given orally to mice did not produce acute toxicities.  The laxative activity on Albino Wistar rats shows that the Triphala extract has significant positive effect on constipated animals.
Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals: An Overview on Synthesis and Regulatory Aspects
Authors: Akki Rajesh , Ramya Munagala Gayatri , Krishna K. Chinni
Published: September 2024

Co-Crystals are crystalline materials formed by bonding between a drug and co-former. This alternative approach help to overcome many issues arise during preformulation like solubility, dissolution characteristics, compressibility, and product stability. The co-crystal engineering is done by following hydrogen bonding rules and molecular structure by using Cambridge structural database. co-crystals can be synthesized by solution mediated and solvo thermal methods. The formation of the crystals was analyzed by some analytical techniques like FTIR, DSC etc. The regulation of pharmaceutical co-crystals and their formulations shows considerable effect on development and quality control strategies and also to the value of intellectual properties.
Keywords: co-crystals, crystallization, Heterosynthons, stoichiometry
QSAR Studies of Flavonoids Derivatives for Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Ahuja Dharmendra
Published: September 2024

The biological activity and the molecular structures are the two main aspects for the QSAR study of a specific compound, which leads to generate a new chemical moiety. The Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) paradigm is based on the assumption that there is an underlying relationship between the molecular structure and biological activity. Physico-chemical properties were calculated employing the modeling software Win CAChe 6.1. The calculated descriptors were conformational minimum energies (CME) , HOMO energy, LUMO energy, heat of formation (HF), ionization potential (IP), molar refractivity(MR), Shape Index (basic kappa, order 1) (SI1), log P, electron affinity (EA), solvent accessible surface area (SAS). In random selection, 18 compounds were in training set and 10 in test set. Subsequently with the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to achieve the best models. The equation generated was validated. The selected QSAR model showed correlation coefficient R2 0.7609, and cross-validated squared correlation coefficient Q2   of 0.5041 for antioxidant activity  ANOVA of predicted value for  Variance were found as 0.063638, 201.73 and 0.112396 for group -1.51851, 86.27 and -8.151 respectively. Source of Variation for between and within group i.e. SS value 40522.91 df value 2, MS value 20261.45 F value 301.0527 and p-value 1.01E-17. The HOMO-LUMO range were 73.149 to 84.775, Molar refractivity range was observed -7.409 to -8.84, Predicted value range was -2.52559 to -2.98191 for compound V1 to V5 and R1, R2. The result of study indicated that C5 [1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one]; is only inactive against Streptococcus mutans. All 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives exhibited their MIC to be in range of 250-125 µg/ml., 2,3-dihydroflavan-3-ol derivatives exhibited their MIC to be in  range of  1000- 500 µg/ml. The chalcone derivatives exhibited their MIC to be at 250µg/ml.
Keywords: QSAR, Streptococcus mutans, Win CAChe 6.1 and antioxidant activity
Lantana camara: Secondary Metabolite Isolation by Analytical Techniques
Authors: Usman Mohammed Rageeb Mohammed
Published: September 2024

The Plant Lantana camara belongs to the family Verbenaceae, have always been an important source of phytomedicinal agents since ancient times, Until today, it continue to provide modern medicine with novel treatments and to support to identify and isolate compounds from Indian flora with potential biological activity and medicinal value. It has been reported to be used in folk remedies For instance, used for antibacterial, antiulcer, antioxidant, and also treatment for malaria, rheumatisms, asthma, tumors. Many Literature review and phytochemical investigations have been done on this plant, reported to contain various compounds like triterpenoids, proteins, carbohydrates, lactones, furfural, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, steroids.
The ethanolic extract  were subjected for column chromatography for the isolation of secondary metabolites by using stationary phase as silica gel with mesh number of 230-400 and the mobile phase was 20% & 30% ethyl acetate/hexane. The Functional groups, structural analysis of the isolated metabolites identified from IR spectrum resembled functional groups of flavonoid chemical structure, Yellow color is characteristic of flavonoids.
Keywords: Lantana camara, secondary metabolites, Column chromatography, TLC, IR spectroscopy.
Semiotics in Qur'anic Interpretation: The Application of Semiotic Theory in the Tafsir of Jalalain, Ibn Kathir, and Al-Tabari on QS. An-Nur Verse 35
Authors: Suhemi Emi
Published: September 2024

This study investigates methods of Qur'anic interpretation through a linguistic approach, with a focus on semantics and semiotics—both of which are essential for mufassirs (Qur'anic interpreters) in understanding Arabic. The primary objective is to explore how semiotic concepts are applied in interpreting the word نُور (Nuur, meaning "light") in verse 35 of Surah an-Nur. This research adopts a library-based content analysis with a qualitative descriptive approach. Semiotic theory is employed to examine the tafsir works of Jalalain, Ibn Kathir, Quraish Shihab, and al-Tabari. Semiotics, the study of signs and their meanings, reveals that these mufassirs have applied semiotic principles in their interpretations. In Tafsir Jalalain, Saussure’s semiotic theory is evident in the treatment of نُور, where the signifier represents meanings such as light, guidance, and Islam. In Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Roland Barthes’ semiotics is utilized, highlighting both the denotative and connotative meanings of the word. In Tafsir al-Tabari, Roman Jakobson’s communication model is applied, incorporating elements like sender, receiver, and message. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that semiotic concepts are widely integrated into the interpretative practices of mufassirs in their analysis of Qur'anic verses.
O PAPEL DO PROFESSOR SUPERVISOR NO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO E OS IMPACTOS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL EM ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Santos Cristhian Isaac Amaral , DIas Viviane Borges
Published: September 2024

A pesquisa objetivou investigar as atribuições do Professor Supervisor (PS) de estágio no Ensino de Ciências. Realizamos uma revisão sistemática de literatura em quatro bases de dados, a saber: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Google Scholar, Portal de Periódicos da Capes e Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). Recorremos à categorização a partir da Análise de Conteúdo, orientada por Bardin. Os resultados indicaram que a participação do PS é essencial para a formação inicial de professores, pois auxilia na construção da identidade docente e permite a desconstrução de paradigmas, como a relação entre teoria e prática. Constatamos ainda a falta de consenso quanto à denominação, ao passo que se faz importante o uso do termo "Professor Supervisor", a fim de propor uma sistematização das funções a partir das pesquisas, de modo a facilitar possíveis políticas de supervisão. Não obstante, evidenciamos a importância da aproximação entre a universidade e a escola por meio do estágio. Assim, constatamos que o PS é uma figura essencial para a formação inicial de professores de Ciências.
Efecto del enriquecimiento ambiental sobre la ganancia de peso y la relación humano-animal en bovinos en pastoreo
Authors: Vargas Angel Gino Odair , Jaramillo-Hernández Dumar Alexander , Mainau Brunsó Eva
Published: September 2024

Los bovinos en pastoreo extensivo del trópico bajo sobreviven a limitantes nutricionales, de salud y de bienestar, las cuales desafían constantemente la capacidad humana para brindarles planes de mejoramiento capaces de generar adaptabilidad al contexto productivo, disminuyendo las adversidades de un entorno ambiental y social. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los tiempos de interacción y preferencia de los elementos de enriquecimiento ambiental, la relación humano-animal y ganancia de peso de bovinos en pastoreo del trópico bajo. Para ello, se utilizaron 26 bovinos que pastan en sistemas extensivos naturales, divididos al azar y aleatoriamente en dos grupos: el primero denominado G1C control, en el cual fue inexistente el uso de elementos de enriquecimiento ambiental en las áreas de pastoreo. Por otro lado, el grupo dos denominado G2EA, al cual se integraba durante una hora (9:00 am a 10:00 am) un ambiente modificado enriquecido con llantas, cepillos comerciales y cepillos artesanales. Los animales fueron evaluados por veinte horas durante cuatro semanas. En estas observaciones se valoraron los tiempos de contacto físico e interacción con los elementos enriquecidos, la relación humano-animal a través de 5 test Welfare Quality de miedo aproximación-evasión y la ganancia de peso durante el ensayo. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SAS® versión 9.4. Se identificó que el enriquecimiento ambiental tuvo efectos comportamentales significativos en algunas de las variables analizadas como la relación humano-animal, siendo el grupo G2EA el que presentó mayores porcentajes de animales que permitieron un afianzamiento positivo. La interacción con los elementos de enriquecimiento que captó mayor porcentaje de uso fue el cepillo comercial estático. El enriquecimiento ambiental otorga a los bovinos de este experimento efectos beneficiosos de la relación humano-animal y efectos positivos para la ganancia de peso. Es necesario llevar a cabo más estudios, con un mayor número de animales de diferentes grupos etarios y técnicas productivas, probando diferentes ambientes modificados.
Mast Cells, Magnesium Chloride and Seborrheic Dermatitis as an Allergic Skin Disease
Authors: Sudan Bernard Jean Louis
Published: September 2024

Seborrheic dermatitis is a dermatological syndrome which was first described in 1887 at about the time that tobacco smoking was becoming widespread in public places. Since 1978 the study of a familial seborrheic dermatitis revealed an immune reaction to the hapten nicotine of tobacco smoke. At that time, the efficacy of a sodium cromoglycate ointment showed a potential involvement of tissue mast cells. Later the use of a soap and ointment based on Dead Sea salts proved to be effective. At the same time, several laboratories detected histamine locally in patients afflicted with seborrheic dermatitis. Dead Sea and Zechstein salts contain about 30% of magnesium chloride. Recently, the use of a magnesium chloride ointment showed a significant efficacy. Future research should investigate the exact role of magnesium chloride on tissue mast cells and especially their ion channels. The stabilization of tissue mast cells appears as a new and promising research to help patients with seborrheic dermatitis and probably other dermatological syndromes as atopic dermatitis.
Portable Device for Measuring Heart Rate of Pregnant Women Based on Ip Address With BPM Graph Display
Authors: Wahyuni Yuli
Published: September 2024

Checking the pregnant woman's womb during pregnancy is very important and should be done regularly. In the examination, the calculation of the number of heartbeats in a certain time interval is called beats per minute. The matrix of a person's heart condition is BPM (beats per Minute). This research is related to making a prototype of a pregnant woman's heart rate device using a fingerprint sensor. The tool can be used for health experts, namely midwives. The test results of abnormal heart rate of pregnant women are 1 person. This tool is very easy to use because it is portable (easy to carry everywhere) and its use by attaching the fingerprints of pregnant women to the max30100 sensor for 10-15 seconds using the index finger, the sensor will process the data read by the NodeMCU receiving data and the data transmission process is displayed on the IP Addres in the form of BPM. NodeMCU must be connected via wifi / hotspot with one Ip address and must have an account to be able to access on the internet platform, namely google chrome or mozila firefox so that it can be accessed via smartphone or personal computer.
Internet of Things (IoT) Based Temperature and Humidity Detector Prototype in the UHAMKA Data Center Room
Authors: Rizkiawan M. Asep , Ramza Harry , Sofwan Agus
Published: September 2024

Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept where an object or entity is imbued with technology such as sensors and software, aiming to communicate, control, connect, and exchange data with other devices as long as they remain connected to the internet. In this research, the developed IoT is employed to monitor and control the conditions of a data center space. The research methodology follows the system development life cycle, utilizing the Blynk application and a modified Arduino Uno with the esp8266 microcontroller, relay, and DHT-22 sensor for real-time temperature and humidity detection. The IoT development's outcomes were tested through black box and white box approaches. The research results demonstrate that the IoT network prototype functions effectively, enhancing the performance of the data center space. Temperature measurements were acquired from the DHT22 sensor, and alternative temperature measurements were taken without utilizing the DHT22 sensor, instead using a tool known as a thermometer, revealing measurement errors. Based on the calculation of the average percentage of temperature error on the DHT22 sensor, it can be concluded that the temperature error rate reaches 0.051%, while for humidity it reaches 0.064%, with an average delay time of 6.542 ms. Additionally, users have convenient access through both a website and mobile platform for seamless monitoring.
Comparative Analysis of Support Vector Regression and Linear Regression Models to Predict Apple Inc. Share Prices
Authors: Pangestu Resza Adistya , Vitianingsih Anik Vega , Kacung Slamet , Maukar Anastasia Lidya , Noertjahyana Agustinus
Published: September 2024

Stock price prediction is a complex and important challenge for stock market participants. The difficulty of predicting stock prices is a major problem that requires an approach method in obtaining stock price predictions. This research proposes using machine learning with the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model and linear regression for stock price prediction—the dataset used in the daily Apple Inc historical data from 2018 to 2023. The hyperparameter tuning technique uses the Grid Search method with a value of k = 5, which will be tested on the SVR and Linear Regression methods to get the best prediction model based on the number of cost, epsilon, kernel, and intercept fit parameters. The test results show that the linear regression model with all hyperparameters k = 5 with the average taken performs best with a True intercept fit value. The resulting model can get an excellent error value, namely the RMSE value of 0.931231 and MSE of 0.879372. This finding confirms that the linear regression model in this configuration is a good choice for predicting stock prices.
Human and Non-Human Beings: Ecological Discourses in European Fairy Tales
Authors: Chang Wen-Hui
Published: September 2024

From childhood, we heard a lot of fairy tales fascinating and imaginative to attract children. The impact of fairy tales on kids’ lives includes making their life colorful, expanding their horizons to the world and even having the meaning of moral education. Behind almost every European fairy tales, there seems to have a deep connection between nature and human being, in which has not only played a substantial role of our perception towards the environmental writing but also transferred to the modern movies, novels and children literature as well. Forest, the origin of enigma and mystery, plays a significant role in the European fairy tales. Throughout the folktales, mythology and Medieval Romance literature, the enchanted forests represent the places of unknown, cradle of uncertainty and danger. Another essential role of the natural writing in the European fairy tales is the ocean and the lake. As in many cultures, ocean is the beginning of life, the place where it brings the prosperity. As for in the literatures, ocean is often represented as human emotions, love, pity, calm, greedy, etc. Therefore, are the ecological representations related to fairy tales real or imaginary? Do the characters in these tales can be reflected from the text or images and be compared to typical figures related to ecology? This paper intends to analyze the European fairy tales from the ecological perspective. By comparing the natural elements and non-human beings plots of the tales, an attempt is made to summarize the ecological prototypes of European fairy tales.
The impact of green logistics on the trade balance between Vietnam and ASEAN countries
Authors: Le Thi Anh Tuyet
Published: September 2024

This article investigates how green logistics influences Vietnam’s trade balance with Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. By using the gravity model, the article applies fixed effects (FEM) and random effects (REM) to analyze panel data on trade balance, GDP, population, trade openness, and the green logistics index of Vietnam with ASEAN countries from 2012 to 2018. The research findings indicate that green logistics has not significantly affected Vietnam’s export trade balance with ASEAN countries. The article suggests solutions for the Vietnamese government and export businesses to enhance Vietnam’s trade balance with ASEAN countries by integrating green logistics activities. By following these recommendations, Vietnam can ensure that international trade aligns with environmental conservation, laying the groundwork for sustainable and inclusive economic development in Vietnam.
Climate resilience in aquaculture: A cluster analysis of Chinese coastal regional production and farming practices in the face of climatic shifts 2017–2021
Authors: Wang Peiwen , Mendes Isabel
Published: September 2024

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the aquaculture industry across 11 coastal regions in eastern China from 2017 to 2021 to assess their adaptability and resilience in the face of climate change. Cluster analysis was employed to examine regional variations in aquaculture adaptation by analyzing data on annual average temperatures, annual extreme high/low temperatures, annual average relative humidity, annual sunshine duration, and total yearly precipitation alongside various aquaculture practices. The findings reveal that southern regions, such as Fujian and Guangdong, demonstrate higher adaptability and resilience due to their stable subtropical climates and advanced aquaculture technologies. In contrast, northern regions like Liaoning and Shandong, characterized by more significant climatic fluctuations, exhibit varying degrees of cluster changes, indicating a continuous need to adjust aquaculture strategies to cope with climatic challenges. Additionally, the study explores the specific impacts of climate change on species selection, disease management, and water resource utilization in aquaculture, emphasizing the importance of developing region-specific strategies. Based on these insights, several strategic recommendations are proposed, including promoting species diversification, enhancing disease monitoring and control, improving water quality management techniques, and urging governmental support for policies and technical guidance to enhance the climate resilience and sustainability of the aquaculture sector. These strategies and recommendations aim to assist the aquaculture industry in addressing future climate challenges and fostering long-term sustainable development.
Sítio Arqueológico Rua do Papagaio: Uma ocupação diferenciada e muito antiga no litoral sul do Brasil
Authors: Lessa Andrea , Silveira dos Santos Cassiano , Paulino da Silva Osvaldo
Published: September 2024

As ocupações litorâneas pré-coloniais denominadas sítios rasos ainda são pouco conhecidas pela arqueologia brasileira. A pesquisa sistemática realizada no sítio Rua do Papagaio, localizado no litoral norte de Santa Catarina e com datação de mais de 8000 anos, permitiu a identificação de uma configuração estratigráfica diferenciada, representando uma contribuição relevante para o tema. Foram apresentados os principais aspectos da formação desse assentamento e discutiu-se brevemente sua presença no âmbito das primeiras ocupações do litoral sul brasileiro.
A gestão do Patrimônio Cultural Subaquático no Atlântico Afro-ibero-americano: Uma perspetiva comparada entre Brasil, Cabo Verde, Portugal e Uruguai
Authors: Garcia Ana Catarina , Bettencourt José Antonio , Bava de Camargo Paulo Fernando , Monteiro Jaylson , De Oliveira Torres Rodrigo
Published: September 2024

Ao longo dos últimos 20 anos, a arqueologia subaquática tem sofrido, enquanto disciplina científica, uma grande evolução, refletindo o despertar das diferentes sociedades para a necessidade de salvaguardar o seu Patrimônio Cultural Subaquático (PCS). Contudo, as conjunturas políticas dos diferentes estados têm levado à definição de políticas de gestão e salvaguarda que nem sempre refletem as necessidades ideais do PCS. Refletindo sumariamente sobre algumas dessas conjunturas, este trabalho visa apresentar, em linhas gerais, a evolução e a afirmação da arqueologia subaquática em Portugal, no Brasil, em Cabo Verde e no Uruguai. Incidindo sobre as questões mais prementes, serão analisados os processos relacionados com a implementação de normas legais de salvaguarda conformes à Convenção da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco) de 2001, bem como o seu cumprimento. As diferentes perspectivas serão assim analisadas comparativamente, considerando as distintas sensibilidades dos contextos em questão, que envolvem tanto a defesa como a proteção patrimonial em meio aquático nos diferentes países.
O Sítio Arqueológico Chimarrão 1: A presença Umbu tardia na encosta do planalto meridional
Authors: Bagio Perin Edenir , DeBlasis Paulo , Bitencourt Campos Juliano , Lino de Araújo Adolfo , Germano Fonseca Rodrigo , Pereira Dagostim Silvia Aline
Published: September 2024

Este artigo traz a descrição de um sítio arqueológico inédito situado na borda meridional da Serra Geral, Rio Grande do Sul. São dados novos para a arqueologia dos grupos portadores de tecnologia Umbu em um trecho ainda pouco conhecido na região nordeste desse estado. Argumenta-se acerca da possível permanência desses grupos até a época colonial, refugiados em áreas periféricas encravadas entre amplos territórios de domínio de sociedades com maior densidade populacional.