bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACESSO AOS CUIDADOS DE SAÚDE BUCAL PELAS PESSOAS CEGAS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Silva Viviane Silvestre , Silvestre Edilene Gomes , de Sousa Tatiana Bento , Negri Lucas de Moraes , Da Silva Carolina Peres , Christina Simões Tânia
Published: June 2022

Introdução: No Brasil, existe dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal pelas pessoas com deficiência visual. Além de sofrer com a escassez de equidade, enfrentam barreiras de acessibilidade relacionadas a locomoção, infraestrutura física e comunicação em busca de um atendimento odontológico satisfatório. Objetivo: Este estudo revisou a literatura brasileira dos últimos 10 anos, em busca de artigos que apontem as barreiras de acesso ao serviço odontológico, enfrentadas pelos cegos. Metodologia: O método usado foi a revisão integrativa da literatura, com análise quantitativa, exploratória e descritiva dos dados. O modelo de busca aplicado foi “acesso aos serviços de saúde” e “deficiência visual” e “saúde bucal” com consultas feitas em maio de 2021, nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, Literatura latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), da Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SciELO). Resultados: Vinte e dois (22) registros foram encontrados. Quatorze (14) foram excluídos e oito (8) seguiram para análise descritiva. Nesta etapa, sete (7) artigos foram excluídos, cinco (5) por não tratarem de deficientes visuais e dois (2) de saúde bucal. Na síntese qualitativa um (1) artigo foi analisado. A revisão evidenciou a escassez de artigos científicos publicados na literatura brasileira sobre o tema abordado. Conclusões: O acesso dos deficientes visuais é limitado pelas barreiras urbanísticas, arquitetônicas e atitudinais e sentem-se acolhidos e aceitos nos estabelecimentos odontológicos, mas pela necessidade de rotina preferem o serviço privado, com o mesmo profissional; ao invés do público, com oferta de vagas pelos plantões.
Anomaly Diagnosis Using Autoencoder in Edge Computing Systems
Authors: KIŞLAKÇI Mert , DURGUN Mahmut
Published: June 2022

IoT sistemleri geleneksel buluta bağlı bir mimaride çalışır. IoT cihazlarında oluşturulan veriler buluta aktarılır, orada depolanır ve daha sonra anlamlı bilgiler çıkarmaya çalışarak işlenir. Ancak tercih edilen bu yapıda sürekli buluta bağımlı olmanın dezavantajları oldukça yüksektir. Her bir bilgi parçasının ham olarak buluta aktarılması ağ trafiğini artırırken, verileri yalnızca bulut katmanında işlemek için yüksek donanım gücü gerektirir. UBISOKKAT (Edge Computing Systems Kullanarak Otomatik Kodlayıcı Kullanarak Anomali Teşhisi) sistemi yukarıda belirtilen sorunlara çözüm olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. UBISOKKAT sistemi, IoT sistemleri ve bulut sistemleri arasında bir ara katman görevi görür. IoT noktalarında üretilen her veri önce orta katmandaki UBISOKKAT sistemine gönderilir ve burada bulut katmanına iletilir. Makine öğrenimi modeli daha sonra bulut katmanına yerleştirilir ve ara katman yazılımından aldığı verileri kullanarak kendini eğitmeye başlar. Eğitim süreci tamamlanan modelin çıktıları UBISOKKAT sistemine gönderilir ve otomatik kodlayıcı bulutta değil ara katman yazılımı yazılımında çalıştırılır. Bunun en büyük avantajı, gerçek zamanlı sistemlerde verilerin buluta gönderilmemesi, yerel noktalarda analiz edilmesi, ağ trafiğinin azaltılması ve gecikmenin azaltılmasıdır. Aynı zamanda her veri bulutta analiz edilmediği için yerel noktalarda analiz edilerek bulut ihtiyacı azaltılmakta, yüksek maliyetler düşürülmekte ve sistemin canlılığı arttırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada son katmanda otomatik kodlayıcı modeli çalıştırılmış ve tek fazlı elektrik motorundan elde edilen verilere dayanarak UBISOKKAT sisteminin uç noktalardaki anomalileri teşhis edebildiği görülmüştür.
New Expansions In The Economic Production Quantity Model Containing Defective Products
Authors: EROĞLU Abdullah , ARSLAN Pınar
Published: June 2022

The basic assumption in classical production quantity models is that all of the products produced are free of defect. But in real life, this assumption is not always valid. EPQ models were examined for the situation where the proportion of defective products is a random variable and fits a certain probability distribution. When the literature reviewed, it is seen that the scanning speed of defective products is accepted as equal to the production rate. In this study, a model was developed under the condition that the scanning speed is smaller than the production rate. In addition, a sample problem solution was made with the assumption that the defective product ratio is random variable and corresponds to the normal distribution and uniform distribution.
An Optimized Energy Harvesting Circuit for Low-Power IoT Applications
Authors: Barua Arnob , Rasel Md. Salauddin
Published: June 2022

The concept and development of an independent energy harvesting mechanism functioning intermittently are described in this paper. A power management circuit (PMC) that is self-regulating, an energy scavenging module, a circuit for charging batteries, as well as an electronic load are all a component of the system that has been proposed. This proposed circuit is designed to attain a fixed output power with a diverse input range. In the unavailability of an additional voltage supply, the PMC can react, maintain, and smartly control the electronic load's power supply. The self-powered energy accumulating technique is expected to be used in situations when supplied power is inadequate to drive the load properly, such as Internet of Things (IoT) applications. IoT is a dispersed architecture of reduced-power, limited-storage, lightweight, and nodes that are adaptive. The majority of embedded IoT devices and low-power IoT sensors are driven by short-life batteries that must be replaced every few years. This procedure is expensive and efficient energy regulation could be critical in enabling energy savings for connecting IoT devices. Experiments with the proposed PMC show that the voltage stored in the capacitor remained mostly fixed at 3.3V at widely diverse inputs that vary from 850mV to 4V. At 3.5V input voltage, a peak efficiency of 88.67% is achieved while the load resistance considered is 230Ω.
Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Concrete Recycled Ceramic and Glass Powder Exposed to Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Mustafy Tanvir , Hasan Md. Maruf , Shuvo Nayeem Ahmed , Mujib Joarder Md Sarwar
Published: June 2022

Systematic reuse of industrial debris is a crucial component that helps shape the sustainable construction system and green technology. The effective optimization of waste ceramic and glass fines into concrete mixes, as partial replacements of natural sand by volume, has been used in this study to explore the mechanical properties of ceramic recycled aggregate (CRA) and glass recycled aggregate (GRA) concrete at higher temperatures. The study comprises 17 types of concrete mixtures comprised of normal concrete (NC) along with 8 different mixes from both GRA and CRA concrete. In both types of GRA and CRA concrete, the sand replacement (by volume) ratios are similar. This paper highlights NC along with the volumetric replacements of sand as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% in other mixes. A total of 306 cylinders were made whereas 18 cylinders for NC and each group (GRA and CRA) included n=18 cylinders. Selected temperatures were 25°C, 100°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C to determine the overall mechanical and chemical alterations in NC and recycled concrete. The study reveals that increasing the addition of recycled glass and ceramic fines improves the overall compressive strength, and tensile strength compared to normal concrete. Higher replacement of ceramic and glass fines reduces the cracks and enhances the durability of concrete. In addition, more strength reduction was noticed in NC with increasing temperatures, while the reduction rate was slower in both GRA and CRA concrete. Furthermore, the study expounds that, by exploiting the ceramic and glass wastes (as fines) into concrete would result in two-way environmental advantages. One is, it would reduce the hazardous ceramic and glass landfills while the other is, it would minimize the frequency of sand mining.
0-12 Aylık Bebeği Olan Annelerin Ek Gıdalara Erken Başlama Nedenleri ve Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: DEMİR Rukiye , TAŞPINAR Ayten
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 0-12 aylık bebeği olan annelerin ek gıdalara erken başlama nedenlerini ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Araştırma kesitsel olarak, Mart-Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında, Aydın İlinin Çine ilçesine bağlı bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’nde yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, bu tarihler arasında bu Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’ne başvuran ve 0-12 aylık bebeği olan anneler, örneklemini 170 anne oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri "Anket Formu" ile yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Veriler sayı ve yüzde olarak ifade edilmiş, gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar Pearson ki-kare testi ile incelenmiştir. Veriler Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (24,0) programı ile değerlendirilmiş, tüm analizler için p
Hybrid Maximum Power Tracking Technique for Partially Shaded PV Arrays
Authors: Sumit Gavhale  , Vaishali Malekar
Published: June 2022

Photovoltaic panels are the most important green energy source because of their inexhaustible moreover its clean. It is important to connect the PV panels to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller to optimize its output power. The PV panels output power efficiency is related to the rapidly variation of the incident irradiance moreover the partial shading pattern. The variation of the incident irradiance and the partial shading pattern makes the tracking of the global maximum peak (GMP) through the local ones too difficult, which extremely decrease the efficiency of the PV panels. The problem is the GMP value varies as the sun irradiance varies so; the detection of the GMP needs an efficient and fast algorithm which cannot be done by the traditional MPPT. In order to solve the problem, proposed system a hybrid new algorithm can combine a traditional MPPT algorithm, such as perturb and observe, or incremental conductance, with the ANN (artificial neural network) This new algorithm can combine a traditional MPPT algorithm, The proposed hybrid MPPT algorithm is based on the ANN and used to predict the global MPP region by estimating its voltage boundaries. Consequently, the conventional MPPT algorithm searches for the MPP in the predicted region. The proposed technique is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink.
Token Management System
Authors: Smruthi R Paladhi  , R P Pavitra  , Ranjitha M  , Rakshitha N R
Published: June 2022

Token Management System is used to manage crowds / queues efficiently by issuing tokens in customer-facing businesses and departments. Since time plays a significant role in human life, the main objective of this project is to reduce the wait time for customers and make their service smooth. Token Management system is a public initiative to help every enterprise publish their calendar of resources (people, counters, meeting rooms, interviews rooms, queues etc) along with their available capacity and time slots for the public to take a token. They can book their own appointment by their name and receive a token online (no OTP, email or mobile number is mandatory).This will help avoid unwanted queues and waiting time for the public. It also brings significant discipline and saves a lot of time which when put together saves billions of hours every day. Key features for an organization: Organization registration, publishing services, token prefix and suffix, time-zone, working hours, slot timing, number of slots and seats for each slot, tracking the appointment list for each queue by date/time and option to update status as completed, cancelled or now show up. It will also include making announcements that will appear to the public, options to support bulk mailing and options to enable email and mobile as mandatory.
Constructing Teacher Identities
Authors: Mockler Nicole
Published: June 2022

This book is grounded in the idea that words matter. It holds that how we discuss teachers and teaching in the public space shapes the way we come to regard teachers as a society; the beliefs we hold about who they are, what they do, and why they do it. Over time it also comes to shape the conditions and contexts in which teachers do their work. This matters because schooling provides one of the very few common experiences that most of us share. Teaching, in particular, provides a convenient rallying point for discussions of public policy, and beyond citizens’ own school experiences, the print media makes the most significant contribution to broad social understandings of schooling and teachers’ work.

This book provides a comprehensive and systematic exploration of print media discourses around teachers and their work, using over 65,000 articles published in Australian print media from 1996 to 2020 as a case study. It also takes a comparative look, drawing on print media texts from other countries, namely the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Canada. It employs an innovative combination of large-scale corpus-assisted analysis and close qualitative analysis to identify and explore representations of teachers in the print media, how they are constructed and how these constructions have changed and shifted over the past twenty five years.
Factors associated with the low birth weight of children under five years in North Center of Burkina Faso
Authors: BOUGMA Sibiri , GARANET Franck , HAMA-BA Fatoumata , CISSE Hama , TARNAGDA Bakary , ZIO Souleymane , TRAORE Yves , SAVADOGO Aly
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem, in both developed and developing countries, due to its magnitude and strong association with infant morbidity and mortality. Aim. To estimate the prevalence of low birth weight and identify associated factors in children under five years old. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in 8 villages in the commune of Pissila in north-central Burkina Faso, involving 262 mother-child pairs. The factors associated with low birth weight were identified according to the odds ratio (OR) raw and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in the bivariate analysis and according to the adjusted OR in the multivariate analysis. Sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, previous morbidity and factors related to prenatal care were studied. Results. A total of 262 children with birth weights based on official documents were involved in this study. The proportion of low birth weight children was estimated at 10.7%. For maternal factors, we observed that the low level of education (adjusted OR=2.6), the fact of carrying out an itinerant activity (adjusted OR=3.4) and rural socialization (adjusted OR=0.3) were significantly associated with low birth weight. Additionally, maternal parity (adjusted OR=5.5) and large household size (adjusted OR=15.0) were also associated with low birth weight. Conclusion. These results confirm the conclusions of previous studies. Family planning, pre-conception intervention, financial empowerment of women and maternal education should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of low birth weight.
Prediction of Neurodevelopmental Outcome of High-Risk Neonates: A study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Bangladesh
Authors: Man Banu Laila Areju , Akhter Shaheen , Fatema Kanij , Alam Syeda Tabassum , Haque F.M. Anamul
Published: June 2022

Background: High-risk neonates are most vulnerable to develop neurodevelopmental impairment. Early identification and intervention can modify brain development and improve outcomes in neonates at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Objective: To predict the neurodevelopmental impairments (NDIs) in high-risk neonates. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Neonatology and Department of Paediatric Neurology, Institute of Paediatric Neurodisorder and Autism (IPNA), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from July 2019 to June 2020. A total of 85 high-risk term neonates were included in this study. A neurodevelopmental evaluation was completed using the rapid neurodevelopmental assessment instrument (RNDA) at neonatal (0 to 28 days) age and again at three months of age after a comprehensive history and clinical examination. Result: Among the enrolled 85 neonates at first assessment, NDI was found in 64.7% cases. Seizure was present in 49.4% cases and affected domains were cognition (48.2%), behavior (47.1%), hearing (45.9%), gross motor (41.2%), vision (42.3%), speech (42.3%), primitive reflexes (36.5 %) and fine motor (32.9%). At the age of 3 months, NDI was found in 47.1% and affected domains were gross motor (47.1%), speech (40.0%), fine motor (37.7%), vision (36.5%), cognition (36.5%), behavior (35.3%) and hearing (30.6%). The seizure was found in 29.4% of cases.  A significant difference was found between the first and second assessment. Conclusion: NDI are common sequelae of high-risk neonates. The most frequently affected domains were gross motor, fine motor and speech. Thus, RNDA can be used to predict early NDI in high-risk newborns.
Effectiveness of herbicides in the destruction of weeds and carrion of spring rapeseed in the link of the crop rotation of spring rapeseed - spring wheat in the conditions of the Tula region
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University-MSHA, Matyuk Nikolay , Polin Valery , Ananyev Anton
Published: June 2022

Studies conducted in the production conditions of the Tula region have shown that the cultivation of spring wheat after spring rapeseed using technologies without the use of dump plowing at the early stages of crop development leads to a problem with the fall of spring rapeseed. As a weed, it rises simultaneously or earlier than spring wheat, develops faster, competing with the crop for nutrients, soil moisture and light. The task of the research was to determine the optimal timing of the use of various herbicides and their tank mixtures in order to destroy weeds and, above all, rapeseed carrion. It has been found that their use is more effective in the middle of the tillering phase of spring wheat, as this avoids the negative effects of drugs on the culture, effectively destroying weeds and rapeseed carrion. The use of herbicides in the middle of the tillering phase of the crop led to an increase in the yield of spring wheat by 0.33 - 0.48 t/ha compared with the control variant. Keywords: SPRING WHEAT, RAPESEED CARRION, CROP ROTATION, WEEDS, HERBICIDES, YIELD
The Effect of Alpinia Galanga Extract to Seminiferous Tubular Epithelial Thickness and Seminiferous Tubular Diameter of Male Mice Induced to Lead Acetate
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Rizqi , Mulyati Sri , Madyawati Sri Pantja , Mele Dewa Ketut , Herupradoto Eduardus Bimo Aksono , Luqman Epy Muhammad
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Alpinia galanga extract for seminiferous tubular epithelial thickness, and seminiferous tubular diameter of mice induced to lead acetate. This study was experimental, 25 male mice (Mus musculus) strain Balb/C with average arround 30 gram were divided into 5 groups in a completely randomized design with different treatments for 24 days. The negative control group C (-) was given CMC-NA, the positive control group C(+) was given CMC-NA + lead acetate, groups P1, P2, and P3 were given galangal extract 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBB + CMC-NA + lead acetate. Mice were sacrificed at a predetermined time and then histopathological preparations of testicular organs were made for epithelial thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter. Data analysis used ANOVA test and continued with LSD test. The result of the research galangal extract administration showed an increase in epithelial thickness and diameter significantly by the three treatment groups against the control (+) (p<0.05). group P2 which given galangal extract 200 mg/kgBw/day is the most effective to prevent epithelial thickness (59.83 ± 0.48; p<0.05) and diameter of seminiferous tubules (180.89 ± 0.85; p<0.05) because the result not significantly different from the control group (-) where epithelial thickness (59.64 ± 1.83; p<0.05) and seminiferous tubule diameter (180.71 ± 1.37; p<0.05) were given CMC- NA 0.2 ml/day. It can be concluded that giving galangal extract to male mice exposed to lead acetate was proven to maintain thick epithelium and seminiferous tubule diameter.
Climate Change; Our Impact on the Climate and its Consequences; A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Samuelson Osifo E. , Endurance Evbayekha O. , Evidence Ohikhuai E. , Ohikhuare Okun , Raphael Udedike O. , Michael Osunsedo O. , Osaruyi Ofumwengbe-Evba
Published: June 2022

Climate change, sometimes called global warming, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperatures of the earth’s climate systems and its related effects. There are both natural and anthropogenic contributors to climate change. For example, volcanic eruptions are natural contributors and the burning of fossil fuels with the consequent release of greenhouse gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. This is the largest human influence on global warming.

This study attempted to assess the knowledge, contributory community practices, and perceived effects of climate change in a characteristic suburban community in Africa, where the majority of people are expected to have poor knowledge about the phenomenon. It was a cross-sectional study. The study population comprised townies in the Okada community, excluding students of Igbinedion University. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were the tools for data collection.

Data analysis was done with IBM SPSS Version 21 and the level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. A total of 274 respondents participated. 82.1% of respondents had knowledge of climate change with TV/radio (51.1%) being the most widely reported source of information. More than half of the respondents recognized human activities and natural variability as responsible factors. Bush burning (33.3%), burning of fossil fuels (15.3%) [especially cooking gas] and deforestation (12.4%) were recognized anthropogenic contributors to climate change in Okada. Burning (70.1%) was the predominant method of waste disposal among respondents. Of the perceived effects, poor harvest and crop yield (77%) were the most feared effects of climate change to respondents.
An Investigation of Cultural Factors in the Marketing and Advertising of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) countries
Authors: Al-Hasan Said , Thomas Brychan , Al-Marri Mohammed
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the relationship between marketing and culture in the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) countries and whether culture has an effect on advertising in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study examines, with special focus on advertising, whether SMEs in GCC countries are applying (practicing) marketing principles and whether they consider the context in which advertising takes place in the surrounding culture. This raises the question who should decide on the nature of the advertisement, the owner or the advertising agency. Questions related to advertising and culture within the SME sector in GCC countries are therefore answered in this study. The research employed quantitative methods to gather and analyse data and the research strategy involved a sequential procedure with the questionnaire designed to fit the objectives of the research. Data from the survey were examined and analysed using the SNAP survey software package. Research findings indicate a major improvement in the restructuring of roles and working of SMEs with regard to marketing and advertising in the GCC is necessary. SMEs understood the importance of a marketing department either controlled by a general manager or owner who makes the overall decision.
Cholinesterase (ChE) Test Using Ellman’s Photometric Method
Authors: Atmanto Kusumo Adi Arji , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah , Samad Ibrahim Abd.
Published: June 2022

Cholinesterase (ChE) is a group of enzymes that hydrolyze cholinester. There are two ChE isoenzymes in the blood, namely Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Both ChE isoenzymes are required in the process of sending nerve signals. The activity of these two ChE isoenzymes will be decreased by exposure to toxic chemical agents, insecticides such as organophosphates or carbamates, anesthetic agents, and drug therapy for Alzheimer’s disease (Donepezil or Rivastigmine). Therefore, AChE and BChE are potential biomarkers of suppression and increased activity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In addition, measurement of serum ChE enzyme activity helps assess liver function, among other parameters. ChE enzyme activity can be measured by decreasing substrate concentration or increasing product concentration. Many methods have been developed to measure the activity of ChE as an enzyme. However, of these methods, the most popular and the gold standard is the photometric method based on increasing the concentration of Thiocholine, which is also known as Ellman’s photometric method. ChE enzyme activity was measured according to the increase in yellow color production using a photometer using endpoint methods at a wavelength (λ) of 412 nm. ChE is slightly increased in diseases: thyrotoxicosis, schizophrenia, hypertension, acute emotional disturbances, and increases 2-3 times the normal value in nephrotic syndrome. Serum ChE is decreased in impaired hepatic synthesis, chronic liver disease, hypoalbumin, and after the use of anticholinesterase drugs. In acute and chronic hepatitis, ChE decreases by about 30%-50%. A decrease in ChE of 50%-70% can be seen in cirrhosis and carcinoma that metastasizes to the liver.
Prilaku Personal Hygiene Remaja Putri Pada Saat Menstruasi
Authors: Dahlan Dahniar
Published: June 2022

Menstrual personal hygiene is a component of the personal hygiene plays an important role in determining the health status, particulary protected from infection reproduction organ. Due to the lack of understanding of personal hygiene genetalia during menstruation is occurance of reproductive health disorders such as, vaginal discharge, urinary tract infection, pelvic inflammatory disease and the possibility of cervical cancer. One cause of fungal and bacterial infections in women is the lack of personal hygiene behavior during menstruation and lazy to change pads. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of knowledge, providing information with menstrual personal hygiene teenage girl in SMP Negeri 4 Baubau. The method of this research was analytic survey with cross sectional design. The population in this reseach were consist of teenage girl class VII, VIII dan IX who had menstruated, as many as 41 people and the entire population was sampled. The analysis used was univariate and bivariate with the Statistical test used chi-square test at the 95% confidence level (?=0,05). The result showed that there was significant relationship between Knowledge (pvalue=0,001 <0,05), providing information (p- value=0,002<0,05) with menstrual personal hygiene teenage girl. It was expected that in the future teenage girl could maintain good behaviour during menstruation and continue to increase knowledge about personal hygiene during menstruation.
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase with Amino-guanidine Decrease the Systemic Inflammatory Response Following Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats
Authors: Soliman Mona
Published: June 2022

Background: Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation activates inflammatory cascade that involve the up regulation of cytokine synthesis. This process is associated with organ damage and death. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is increased during hemorrhagic shock and participate in pro-inflammatory signaling. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effects of inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using Amino-guanidine against systemic inflammatory response in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Male Sprague- Dawley rats were assigned to 3 experimental groups (n = 6 per group): Normotensive rats (N); Hemorrhagic shock rats (HS); and Hemorrhagic shock rats treated with AG (HSAG). After 60 min hemorrhagic shock, rats were treated or not by injection of 1ml of 60 mg/Kg Amino-guanidine (AG) intra-arterially. Rats were then resuscitated in vivo by reinfusion of the shed blood to restore norm tension. The mean arterial blood pressure was monitored. Blood was collected following 60 min hemorrhage and 30 min in vivo treatment and resuscitation for TNF-a measurement. Results: The present study showed that inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using Aminoguanidine decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the plasma after one hour of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. The results showed that hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation significantly increased the levels of TNF-α. Conclusion: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS is involved in the up regulation of the inflammatory response in resuscitated hemorrhagic shock. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using Amino-guanidine (AG) reduced the inflammatory response to hemorrhagic.
The Effect of Adopting Blended Learning Approach on Students’ Achievement and Satisfaction with Learning in a Post Graduate Course in Educational Statistics
Authors: Alajab Ismail Alajab Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Many postgraduate students face difficulties in learning the educational statistics topics because of their mathematical nature. Adopting innovative learning technologies has opened up a wide range of options to extend the learning strategies in higher education and support students` learning outcomes. The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a blended learning BL approach with 18 Master’s Degree students enrolled in two postgraduate courses in statistics i.e. (introduction to educational statistics and quantitative research data analysis courses) taught at the Arabian Gulf University Distance Teaching & Training Master Program in Bahrain. The courses were enrolled as Blended Learning with the College of Graduate Studies-CGS Moodle Learning Management System during the second semester of the academic year 20182019/. The students were assessed using online quizzes, 2 written tests, two assignments: one in descriptive and the other in inferential statistics, one open book exam and a final examination. Data analysis revealed that the blended learning approach helped the students to learn the course content i.e. (students` grades ranged from B+ to A). The learning satisfaction survey administered at the end of the course revealed a high degree of satisfaction with the course material and the teaching approach used. In conclusion, blended learning is viewed as feasible for teaching statistics courses and is beneficial to both students and instructors.
Use of rapid biomarking technique to estimate oxidative stress in course dependent children with sickle cell disease in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Shahida , Damanhouri Ghazi , Jameel Tahir , Ali Ashraf , Makki Ahmad , Khan Sarah , Alansari Ibtehal , Halawani Saeed , Zahrani Fatma , Alkazmi Mohammad , Ghita Ibrahim
Published: June 2022

Sickle cell disease is characterized by a chain of polymerization reactions in the deoxygenated phase, manifesting in debilitating conditions like inflammation, painful vaso-occlusive crisis and disruption of the bodily defense systems. This vaso-occlusion accompanied by cell adhesion and ischemia-reperfusion injury is linked to a vicious pathway resulting in oxidative stress and an enhanced free radical generation. In children with sickle cell disease, the antioxidant defense system is continuously challenged, resulting in a compromised immunity, and a host of complications. An early, easy, and rapid technique to assess the oxidative stress would help in early therapeutic interventions. As prevalence of sickle cell disease is high in Saudi Arabia, the need for early interventions in children with the problem is of dire necessity. Currently hydroxyurea is the only drug of choice administered. We therefore utilized the free oxygen radical transference (FORT), and free oxygen radical defense (FORD) measurements in children with sickle cell disease on hydroxyurea therapy and compared them with patients not taking the drug. Though patients of both the groups exhibited oxidative stress, the values of free radical transference were considerably higher in the group which did not undertake any treatment as compared to those on hydroxyurea therapy. No appreciable changes were noticed in the FORD values representing the antioxidant capacity. Our results show that the technique is feasible for quick measurements of oxidative stress, and intervention with hydroxyurea therapy benefits in decreasing it. Its incorporation in screening practices would help understand the disease stage better. Abbreviations- SCD-sickle cell disease, FORT- free oxygen radical transference, FORD- free oxygen radical defense
Temporal and vertical distributions of the occurrence of cirrus clouds over a coastal station in the Indian monsoon region
Authors: Ali Saleem , Mehta Sanjay Kumar , Ananthavel Aravindhavel , Reddy Tondapu Venkata Ramesh
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal coverage of cirrus clouds is
vital in quantifying the radiation budget of the Earth–atmosphere system. In
this paper, we present the diurnal and vertical distributions of the
occurrence of cirrus clouds during different seasons as well as the
interannual variation in the
occurrence of cirrus over Kattankulathur (12.82∘ N,
80.04∘ E) on the west coast of the Bay of Bengal. Long-term
(2016–2018) continuous micropulse lidar (MPL) observations demonstrate
laminar and descending cirrus clouds that occur either as single or
multiple layers. The single-layer cirrus occurrence shows a diurnal pattern
with frequent occurrence in the late evening (∼ 30 %–40 %),
whereas multilayer cirrus clouds occur in the early morning
(∼ 10 %–20 %). For the diurnal pattern in single-layer cirrus
cloud occurrences, convective processes dominate during the pre-monsoon,
southwest (SW) monsoon, and northeast (NE) monsoon seasons, while the freeze-drying
process is favorable during the winter season. However, both convective and
freeze-drying processes are dominant in the diurnal pattern of the
multilayer cirrus occurrences. The occurrence reaches a maximum
(∼ 40 %) during the SW and NE monsoon seasons, and it shows a minimum
(∼ 25 %) during the winter season. The vertical
distributions indicate that the maximum occurrence is confined within the
tropical tropopause layer (TTL) during all seasons. Cirrus cloud
rarely occurs above the tropopause; however, it frequently occurs below the
TTL during all seasons. The vertical extent of the occurrence has a
broader altitudinal coverage (∼ 8–17 km) during December–March
and June–September, while the altitudinal coverage is narrower during April–May (∼ 10–17 km) and October–November (∼ 9–15 km). Cirrus cloud
occurrence also exhibits interannual variations, with higher occurrence
during 2016 compared with 2017 and 2018, in association with the El Niño–Southern
Oscillation (ENSO).
Monitoring greenhouse gases (GHGs) in China: status and perspective
Authors: Sun Youwen , Yin Hao , Wang Wei , Shan Changgong , Notholt Justus , Palm Mathias , Chen Zhenyi , Liu Cheng
Published: June 2022

Abstract. In order to establish a creditable greenhouse gases (GHGs) monitoring network to support the goals of carbon peak/neutrality, it is necessary to know what we have done and what we have to do in the future. In this study, we summarize an overview to the status and perspective of GHGs monitoring in China. With decades of effort, China has made a great breakthrough in GHGs monitoring capacity and steadily improved the performance of homemade GHGs monitoring instruments. However, most GHGs monitoring studies are hitherto research-oriented, temporal, sparse, and uncoordinated. It is suggested to take full advantages of various monitoring technologies, monitoring platforms, numerical simulations, and inventory compilation techniques to form a creditable GHGs stereoscopic monitoring and assessment system at an operational level. We envisage that this system can routinely quantify GHGs on national, provincial, regional and even individual scales with high spatiotemporal resolution and wide coverage to support low-carbon policy in China.
Impact of iron fertilisation on atmospheric CO2 during the last glaciation
Authors: Saini Himadri , Meissner Katrin J. , Menviel Laurie , Kvale Karin
Published: June 2022

Abstract. While several processes have been identified to explain the decrease in atmospheric CO2 during glaciations, a better quantification of the contribution of each of these processes is needed. For example, enhanced aeolian iron input into the ocean during glacial times has been suggested to drive a 5 to 28 ppm atmospheric CO2 decrease. Here, we constrain this contribution by performing a set of sensitivity experiments with different aeolian iron input patterns and iron solubility factors under boundary conditions corresponding to 70 thousand years before present (70 ka BP), a time period characterised by the first observed peak in glacial dust flux. We show that the decrease in CO2 as a function of the Southern Ocean iron input follows an exponential decay relationship. This exponential decay response arises due to the saturation of the biological pump efficiency and levels out at ∼21 ppm in our simulations. Using a best estimate of surface water iron solubility between 3 and 5 %, a ∼9 to 11 ppm CO2 decrease is simulated at 70 ka BP, while a plausible range of CO2 draw-down between 4 to 16 ppm is obtained using the wider but possible range of 1 to 10 %. This would account for ∼12–50 % of the reconstructed decrease in atmospheric CO2 (∼32 ppm) between 71 and 64 ka BP. We further find that in our simulations the decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations is solely driven by iron fluxes south of the Antarctic polar front, while iron fertilization elsewhere plays a negligible role.
The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report WGIII climate assessment of mitigation pathways: from emissions to global temperatures
Authors: Kikstra Jarmo S. , Nicholls Zebedee R. J. , Smith Christopher J. , Lewis Jared , Lamboll Robin D. , Byers Edward , Sandstad Marit , Meinshausen Malte , Gidden Matthew J. , Rogelj Joeri , Kriegler Elmar , Peters Glen P. , Fuglestvedt Jan S. , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Samset Bjørn H. , Wienpahl Laura , van Vuuren Detlef P. , van der Wijst Kaj-Ivar , Al Khourdajie Alaa , Forster Piers M. , Reisinger Andy , Schaeffer Roberto , Riahi Keywan
Published: June 2022

Abstract. While the IPCC’s physical science report usually assesses a handful of future scenarios, the IPCC Sixth Assessment Working Group III report (AR6 WGIII) on climate mitigation assesses hundreds to thousands of future emissions scenarios. A key task is to assess the global-mean temperature outcomes of these scenarios in a consistent manner, given the challenge that the emission scenarios from different integrated assessment models come with different sectoral and gas-to-gas coverage and cannot all be assessed consistently by complex Earth System Models. In this work, we describe the “climate assessment” workflow and its methods, including infilling of missing emissions and emissions harmonisation as applied to 1,202 mitigation scenarios in AR6 WGIII. We evaluate the global-mean temperature projections and effective radiative forcing characteristics (ERF) of climate emulators FaIRv1.6.2, MAGICCv7.5.3, and CICERO-SCM, discuss overshoot severity of the mitigation pathways using overshoot degree years, and look at an interpretation of compatibility with the Paris Agreement. We find that the lowest class of emission scenarios that limit global warming to “1.5 °C (with a probability of greater than 50 %) with no or limited overshoot” includes 90 scenarios for MAGICCv7.5.3, and 196 for FaIRv1.6.2. For the MAGICCv7.5.3 results, “limited overshoot” typically implies exceedance of median temperature projections of up to about 0.1 °C for up to a few decades, before returning to below 1.5 °C by or before the year 2100. For more than half of the scenarios of this category that comply with three criteria for being “Paris-compatible”, including net-zero or net-negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are projected to see median temperatures decline by about 0.3–0.4 °C after peaking at 1.5–1.6 °C in 2035–2055. We compare the methods applied in AR6 with the methods used for SR1.5 and discuss the implications. This article also introduces a ‘climate-assessment’ Python package which allows for fully reproducing the IPCC AR6 WGIII temperature assessment. This work can be the start of a community tool for assessing the temperature outcomes related to emissions pathways, and potential further work extending the workflow from emissions to global climate by downscaling climate characteristics to a regional level and calculating impacts.
Ice fog observed at cirrus temperatures at Dome C, Antarctic Plateau
Authors: Vignon Étienne , Raillard Lea , Genthon Christophe , Del Guasta Massimo , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Madeleine Jean-Baptiste , Berne Alexis
Published: June 2022

Abstract. As the near-surface atmosphere over the Antarctic Plateau is cold and pristine, its physico-chemical conditions resemble to a certain extent those of the high-troposphere where cirrus clouds form. In this paper, we carry out an observational analysis of two shallow fog clouds forming at cirrus-temperatures - that is, temperatures lower than 235 K - at Dome C, inner Antarctic Plateau. The combination of lidar profiles with temperature and humidity measurements from advanced thermo-hygrometers along a 45-m mast makes it possible to characterise the formation and development of the fog. High supersaturations with respect to ice are observed before the initiation of fog and the values attained suggest that the nucleation process at play is the homogeneous freezing of solution aerosol droplets. To our knowledge, this is the first time that in situ observations show that this nucleation pathway can be at the origin of an ice fog. Once nucleation occurs, the relative humidity gradually decreases down to subsaturated values with respect to ice in a few hours, likely owing to vapour deposition onto ice crystals and turbulent mixing. The development of fog is tightly coupled with the dynamics of the boundary-layer which, in the first study case, experiences a weak diurnal cycle while in the second case, transits from a very stable to a weakly stable dynamical regime. Overall, this paper highlights the potential of the site of Dome C for carrying out observational studies of cloud microphysical processes in natural conditions and using in-situ ground-based instruments.
A multi-proxy assessment of terrace formation in the lower Trinity River valley, Texas
Authors: Hassenruck-Gudipati Hima J. , Ellis Thaddeus , Goudge Timothy A. , Mohrig David
Published: June 2022

Abstract. A proposed null hypothesis for fluvial terrace formation is that
internally generated or autogenic processes, such as lateral migration and
river-bend cutoff, produce variabilities in channel incision that lead to the
abandonment of floodplain segments as terraces. Alternatively, fluvial
terraces have the potential to record past environmental changes from
external forcings that include temporal changes in sea level and
hydroclimate. Terraces in the Trinity River valley have been previously
characterized as Deweyville groups and interpreted to record episodic cut
and fill during late Pleistocene sea level variations. Our study uses
high-resolution topography of a bare-earth digital elevation model derived
from airborne lidar surveys along ∼ 88 linear kilometers of the modern
river valley. We measure both differences in terrace elevations and widths
of paleo-channels preserved on these terraces in order to have two
independent constraints on terrace formation mechanisms. For 52 distinct
terraces, we quantify whether terrace elevations fit distinct planes –
expected for allogenic terrace formation tied to punctuated sea level and/or
hydroclimate change – by comparing variability in a grouped set of
Deweyville terrace elevations against variability associated with randomly
selected terrace sets. Results show Deweyville groups record an initial
valley floor abandoning driven by allogenic forcing, which transitions into
autogenic forcing for the formation of younger terraces. For these different
terrace sets, the slope amongst different terraces stays constant. For 79
paleo-channel segments preserved on these terraces, we connected observed
changes in paleo-channel widths to estimates for river paleo-hydrology over
time. Our measurements suggest the discharge of the Trinity River increased
systematically by a factor of ∼ 2 during the late Pleistocene.
Despite this evidence of increased discharge, the similar down-valley slopes
between terrace sets indicate that there were likely no increases in
sediment-to-water discharge ratios that could be linked to allogenic terrace
formation. This is consistent with our elevation clustering analysis that
suggests younger terraces are indistinguishable in their elevation variance
from autogenic terrace formation mechanisms, even if the changing
paleo-channel dimensions might, viewed in isolation, provide a mechanism for
allogenic terrace formation. Methods introduced here combine river-reach-scale observations of terrace sets and paleo-hydrology with local
observations of terraces and paleo-channels to show how interpretations of
allogenic versus autogenic terrace formation can be evaluated within a
single river system.
Assessment of stochastic weather forecast of precipitation near European cities, based on analogs of circulation
Authors: Krouma Meriem , Yiou Pascal , Déandreis Céline , Thao Soulivanh
Published: June 2022

Abstract. In this study, we assess the skill of a stochastic weather generator (SWG) to forecast precipitation in several cities in western Europe. The SWG is based on a random sampling of analogs of the geopotential height at 500 hPa (Z500). The SWG is evaluated for two reanalyses (NCEP and ERA5).
We simulate 100-member ensemble forecasts on a daily time increment. We evaluate the performance of SWG with forecast skill scores and we compare it to ECMWF forecasts. Results show significant positive skill score (continuous rank probability skill score and correlation) compared with persistence and climatology forecasts for lead times of 5 and 10 d for different areas in Europe. We find that the low predictability episodes of our model are related to specific weather regimes, depending on the European region. Comparing the SWG forecasts to ECMWF forecasts, we find that the SWG shows a good performance for 5 d. This performance varies from one region to another. This paper is a proof of concept for a stochastic regional ensemble precipitation forecast. Its parameters (e.g., region for analogs) must be tuned for each region in order to optimize its performance.