bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manufacture of a low-cost ceramic microporous filter for the elimination of microorganisms causing common diseases
Authors: Simonis J. J. , Basson A. K.
Published: January 2013

Africa is one of the most water-scarce continents on earth and the lack of potable water is responsible for the death of approximately 4,900 children every day. An effective way of making sure that water is of good quality is by decontaminating it by means of a household ceramic water filter. The low-cost water filters suitable for the removal of suspended solids, pathogenic bacteria and other toxins from drinking water were developed using the traditional slip casting process. The locally produced filter has the advantage of low cost due to the usage of locally available raw materials, labour and expertise. Furthermore, the project provides opportunities for local financing and innovation. The product was tested using water contaminated with high concentrations of selected bacterial cultures as well as with water from local polluted streams. The ceramic filter was found to be highly effective in removing the bacteria and suspended solids from the contaminated water. With correct cleaning and basic maintenance, this filter can effectively provide clean drinking water for rural families affected by polluted surface water sources. This could provide a low-cost solution for the more than 250 million people without access to clean drinking water in Africa.
Canonizing relations on nonsmooth sets
Authors: Conley Clinton T.
Published: January 2013

We show that any symmetric, Baire measurable function from the complement ofE0to a finite set is constant on anE0-nonsmooth square. A simultaneous generalization of Galvin's theorem that Baire measurable colorings admit perfect homogeneous sets and the Kanovei-Zapletal theorem canonizing Borel equivalence relations onE0-nonsmooth sets, this result is proved by relatingE0-nonsmooth sets to embeddings of the complete binary tree into itself and appealing to a version of Hindman's theorem on the complete binary tree. We also establish several canonization theorems which follow from the main result.
Investigation of whey protein concentration by ultrafiltration elements designed for water treatment
Authors: Kukucka Miroslav , Kukucka Nikoleta
Published: January 2013

Suitability of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes (UFM) commercial
designed for water treatment have been investigated for separation of protein
(PR) from sweet whey. Ultrafiltration (UF) of whey originated from dairy has
been realized by self-made pilot plant which has been in service about one
year. Influence of two whey temperatures (9 oC and 30 oC) on efficiency of
protein concentration has been examined. Application of investigated UF
elements has given whey protein concentrate (WPC) with 5 to 6 times excess
amount of protein content in regard to starting one. In the same time the
prevalent content of lactose has been removed to permeate. Better results
have been occurred during the cold whey filtration. Besides the fact that
molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of investigated membranes were 50-100 kDa,
results showed very successful concentrating of whey proteins of dominantly
lower molar weights than 50-100 kDa. Investigated membranes are beneficial
for design and construction of UF plants for exploitation in small dairies.
Modeling the kinetics of essential oil hydrodistillation from plant materials
Authors: Milojevic Svetomir , Radosavljevic Dragana , Pavicevic Vladimir , Pejanovic Srdjan , Veljkovic Vlada
Published: January 2013

The present work deals with modeling the kinetics of essential oils
extraction from plant materials by water and steam distillation. The
experimental data were obtained by studying the hydrodistillation kinetics of
essential oil from juniper berries. The literature data on the kinetics of
essential oils hydrodistillation from different plant materials were also
included into the modeling. A physical model based on simultaneous washing
and diffusion of essential oil from plant materials were developed to
describe the kinetics of essential oils hydrodistillation, and two other
simpler models were derived from this physical model assuming either
instantaneous washing followed by diffusion or diffusion with no washing
(i.e. the first-order kinetics). The main goal was to compare these models
and suggest the optimum ones for water and steam distillation and for
different plant materials. All three models described well the experimental
kinetic data on water distillation irrespective of the type of distillation
equipment and its scale, the type of plant materials and the operational
conditions. The most applicable one is the model involving simultaneous
washing and diffusion of the essential oil. However, this model was generally
inapplicable for steam distillation of essential oils, except for juniper
berries. For this hydrodistillation technique, the pseudo first-order model
was shown to be the best one. In a few cases, a variation of the essential
oil yield with time was observed to be sigmoidal and was modeled by the
Boltzmann sigmoid function.
Impact of Critical Limb Ischemia on Long-Term Cardiac Mortality in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Liistro Francesco , Angioli Paolo , Grotti Simone , Brandini Rossella , Porto Italo , Ricci Lucia , Tacconi Danilo , Ducci Kenneth , Falsini Giovanni , Bellandi Guido , Bolognese Leonardo
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE

Development of critical limb ischemia (CLI) has been reported as an independent predictor of cardiac mortality in diabetic patients. We aimed to determine whether CLI, managed in a structured setting of close collaboration between different vascular specialists and treated with early endovascular intervention, has any impact on long-term cardiac mortality of diabetic patients initially presenting with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We designed a prospective observational study of 764 consecutive diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in whom development of CLI was assessed by a dedicated diabetic foot clinic. Cardiac mortality at 4-year follow-up was the primary end point of the study.

RESULTS

Among the 764 patients, 111 (14%) developed CLI (PCI-CLI group) and underwent revascularization of 145 limbs, with procedural success in 140 (96%). PCI-CLI patients at baseline had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (51 ± 11% vs. 53 ± 10%, P = 0.008), higher prevalence of dialysis (7% vs. 0.3%, P < 0.0001), and longer diabetes duration (13 ± 8 vs. 11 ± 7 years, P = 0.02) compared with PCI-only patients. At 4-year follow-up, cardiac mortality occurred in 10 (9%) PCI-CLI patients vs. 42 (6%) PCI-only patients (P = 0.2). Time-dependent Cox regression model for cardiac death revealed that CLI was not associated with an increased risk of cardiac mortality (hazard ratio 1.08 [95% CI 0.89–3.85]; P = 0.1).

CONCLUSIONS

The development of promptly assessed and aggressively treated CLI was not significantly associated with increased risk of long-term cardiac mortality in diabetic patients initially presenting with symptomatic CAD.
Television Viewing and Low Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Adolescence Independently Predict the Metabolic Syndrome in Mid-Adulthood
Authors: Wennberg Patrik , Gustafsson Per E. , Dunstan David W. , Wennberg Maria , Hammarström Anne
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE

We investigated whether television (TV) viewing and low leisure-time physical activity in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome in mid-adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

TV viewing habits and participation in leisure-time physical activity at age 16 years were assessed by self-administered questionnaires in a population-based cohort in Northern Sweden. The presence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was ascertained in 888 participants (82% of the baseline sample) using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) and CIs were calculated using logistic regression.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was 26.9%. Adjusted OR for the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was 2.14 (95% CI 1.24–3.71) for those who reported “watching several shows a day” versus “one show/week” or less and 2.31 (1.13–4.69) for leisure-time physical activity “several times/month” or less compared with “daily” leisure-time physical activity at age 16 years. TV viewing at age 16 years was associated with central obesity, low HDL cholesterol, and hypertension at age 43 years, whereas low leisure-time physical activity at age 16 years was associated with central obesity and triglycerides at age 43 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Both TV viewing and low leisure-time physical activity in adolescence independently predicted the metabolic syndrome and several of the metabolic syndrome components in mid-adulthood. These findings suggest that reduced TV viewing in adolescence, in addition to regular physical activity, may contribute to cardiometabolic health later in life.
Distribution of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and Hexachlorocyclohexane in Urban Soils and Risk Assessment
Authors: Kumar Bhupander , Mishra Meenu , Verma Virendra Kumar , Kumar Sanjay , Sharma Chandra Shekhar
Published: January 2013

This study deals with the distribution of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in urban soils, their possible sources and probabilistic human and environmental health risk. The average concentrations of total HCHs and total DDTs in the soils were in the range of 0.56–8.52 mg kg–1 and 0.54–37.42 mg kg–1, respectively, which were lower than guideline limits. The compositional analysis of HCH isomers reflects contaminations from recent usage. However, isomeric ratios between DDT, DDE and DDD, indicate anaerobic degradation of DDT and contaminations from aged DDT. Human and environmental health risk assessment was carried out by the estimation of lifetime average daily dose (LADD), incremental life time cancer risk (ILCR) and non carcinogenic health hazard quotient (HQ). LADD of total pesticides (HCH and DDT) for human adults and children was ranged between 3.3 x 10–9–6.6 x 10–8 mg kg–1d–1 and 1.7 x 10–8–3.4 x 10–7 mg kg–1 d–1, respectively. The cumulative ILCR for adults and children was ranged from 5.1 x 10–9 to 4.6 x 10–8 and 2.6 x 10–8 to 2.4 x 10–7, respectively. The HQ was ranged between 1.8 x 10–6–1.4 x 10–4 and 9.5 x 10–6–7.2 x 10–4, respectively for adults and children. These estimated ILCR and HQ were within the safe acceptable limits, indicating negligible risk to the residents of the study area.
Perceptions of caring for children with disabilities: Experiences from Moshi, Tanzania
Authors: McNally Anna , Mannan Hasheem
Published: January 2013

Background: Although there exist laws, policies and standards in Tanzania that serve to protect and improve the lives of children with disabilities, the individual human experiences and feelings of the carers and parents still remain the realities of caring for children with disabilities. There is a lack of qualitative studies examining experiences in a developing context. This research aimed to fill that gap.Objectives: The objective of this research was to gain an insight into how having a child with a disability impacts upon participants lives and to examine both negative and positive experiences of care through the use of qualitative methods.Method: This was a qualitative, exploratory study and followed a phenomenological method. Purposive convenience sampling methods were used to recruit 14 carers in Moshi, Tanzania. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with all 14 participants.Results: Five main themes emerged from the data which shed light on the carers experiences, namely, objective challenges in terms of financial challenges, employment issues and demands of care; subjective challenges in the form of stigma, isolation and pity; positive experiences such as the child’s progress, respect and happiness; material and financial needs; and coping mechanisms which included beliefs, support and attitudes.Conclusion: The findings of this research were that objective challenges are common and more significant than subjective challenges. Positive experiences were not as easily identified by the participants as the challenges faced. However, having analysed the data, carers do not experience their roles as entirely negative. They simply need the resources to deal with objective challenges which in a developing context are not easily attainable.
Neurologic Disorder Masquerading as Postpregnancy Progression of Keratoconus
Authors: Srivastava Samaresh , Kankariya Vardhaman P , Shetty Rohit , D’Souza Sharon , Vasavada Viraj , Wadia Kareeshma
Published: January 2013

A 28-year-old woman with bilateral stable keratoconus for 2 years came with a complaint of recent blurring of vision 4 weeks postpartum. Her best-corrected visual acuity had dropped by three lines in the right eye and two lines in the left eye with the same manifest refraction. Corneal topography and Scheimpflug imaging revealed mild progression of the keratoconus, but not enough to explain the drop in visual acuity. However, fundus examination revealed temporal disk pallor in both eyes. Visual field analysis revealed classic bitemporal hemianopia. Subsequently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain was performed which revealed a pituitary macroadenoma with pituitary apoplexy that was impinging on the pons. Based on these findings, urgent neurosurgery was performed, and the patient regained her visual acuity and fields 2 weeks later. Neuro-ophthalmologic disorders should always be kept as a differential diagnosis in pregnant and postpartum women. A high index of suspicion from the ophthalmologist can often avert life-threatening problems.

Key message

Neuro-ophthalmologic disorders can masquerade as a variety of clinical presentations in pregnant and postpartum women. A high index of suspicion from the ophthalmologist can often avert life-threatening problems.

How to cite this article

Shetty R, D’Souza S, Kankariya VP, Srivastava S, Vasavada V, Wadia K. Neurologic Disorder Masquerading as Postpregnancy Progression of Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):205-208.
Barreto, “bairro operário”: trabalhadores, política e associativismo em uma comunidade operária fluminense nos anos 1940 e 1950.
Authors: Amaral Luciana Pucu Wollmann do
Published: January 2013

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar aspectos concernentes à vida política e social dos trabalhadores/ moradores do Barreto, antigo bairro operário localizado na cidade de Niterói-RJ, nos anos 1940 e 1950. Este período, comumente chamado de “era do populismo”, foi considerado o “auge” da prosperidade econômica do bairro e também o momento de maior expressão política do mesmo no cenário político niteroiense e fluminense.Além de sua intensa atividade industrial e comercial, o Barreto contava com opções de lazer variadas (clubes fabris, associações recreativas e desportivas, blocos carnavalescos, etc.) que certamente contribuíram para o reforço de uma identidade operária e comunitária específica, ao passo que também se apresentavam como locais de disputa de diferentes forças políticas que se tornaram mais evidentes, sobretudo, no período pós-Estado Novo.Abstract: This article aims to analyze aspects related to political and social workers´s residents of Barreto, the former working class neighborhood in the city of Niterói, RJ, in the years 1940 and 1950. This period, commonly called "the populism era", was considered "the peak" of the economic prosperity of the district and also the moment of greatest political speech of the same in the political Niterói and Rio de Janeiro.In addition to its intense industrial and commercial activity, the Barreto has several   leisure options (factory clubs, associations and recreational sports, carnival, etc.) that certainly contributed to the strengthening of working class identity and legislation, while also presented themselves as struggle places of different political forces that have become more evident, especially in the post-New State.
Imprensa e mundos do trabalho: a singularidade da imprensa operária no Amazonas (1890-1920)
Authors: Teles Luciano Everton Costa
Published: January 2013

O presente artigo procura elucidar a relação entre História e Imprensa, enfatizando a Imprensa Operária como objeto-fonte de estudos, revelando as potencialidades desta relação para a produção do conhecimento histórico. Focaliza também algumas questões presentes em suas páginas, destacando uma configuração específica e assuntos relacionados e direcionados ao universo operário.
Qual é o liberalismo da lei Chapelier? Seu significado para os contemporâneos e para a historiografia francesa dos séculos XIX e XX.
Authors: Vargas João Tristan
Published: January 2013

Este artigo propõe-se discutir o significado que teve a lei Chapelier, de 1791, na França, na época em que foi aprovada, do ponto de vista dos representantes do poder público, dos trabalhadores e dos patrões. Propõe-se também questionar o significado que lhe foi atribuído pela historiografia francesa dos séculos XIX e XX e pela brasileira da atualidade.
Entrevista com o Prof. Dr. Josep Fontana.
Authors: Machado Paulo Pinheiro
Published: January 2013

Entrevista com o Prof. Dr. Josep Fontana. Realizada em Barcelona, em 2 de junho de 2010.
O jogo da dissimulação
Authors: Cowling Camillia
Published: January 2013

Resenha
A divisão da cidade dos trabalhadores: espaço urbano, imigração e anarquismo no entreguerras. Barcelona, 1914?1936
Authors: Oyón José Luis
Published: January 2013

Barcelona foi a capital do anarquismo europeu durante o entreguerras. O objetivo deste artigo é revelar as características sociológicas e territoriais da radicalizada CNT (Confederación Nacional del Trabajo), a central sindical anarquista, que liderou a revolução do verão de 1936. A partir do exame do papel do espaço urbano como uma variável nos processos coletivos da classe trabalhadora, o artigo argumenta que o trabalhador sem qualificação recém-imigrado e as vizinhanças onde essas classes trabalhadoras eram dominantes foram protagonistas-chave do radicalismo revolucionário.
Do Congo ao Tango: associativismo, lazer e identidades entre os afro-portenhos na segunda metade do século XIX
Authors: Pereira Leonardo Affonso de Miranda
Published: January 2013

Resumo:Ao longo do século XIX, os africanos escravizados e seus descendentestrataram, em várias capitais da América, de articular associações e sociedades nas quaispudessem expressar e legitimar suas redes de identidade social e étnica. Entre essaslocalidades destaca-se, pela proximidade geográfica com o Rio de Janeiro, a região do rio daPrata, especialmente a cidade de Buenos Aires. Dada a configuração das rotas do comércio deescravos pelo Atlântico, trata-se de uma região que recebeu um grande contingente de cativoscuja origem era semelhante àquela do Sudeste brasileiro, com supremacia clara de escravosvindos da África centro-ocidental. Ainda que no caso portenho o contingente de escravosimportados tenha sido significativamente menor do que na Corte Imperial brasileira, nasegunda metade do século XIX ainda era intensa a presença de afrodescendentes entre ostrabalhadores da capital argentina. A partir de tal constatação, esta apresentação pretendeanalisar as singularidades dos caminhos e estratégias adotadas no período pelos afro-portenhos, a fim de articular suas identidades, de modo a refletir sobre o modo específico peloqual eles enfrentaram, na região do Prata, a tensão entre sua origem étnica e seu perfil social. Abstract: Throughout the nineteenth century, enslaved Africans and their descendants havetried, in various cities of America, to articulate associations and societies in which they couldexpress and legitimize their social networks and ethnic identity. Among these places stand out,by geographical proximity to the Rio de Janeiro, the Rio da Prata region, especially the city ofBuenos Aires. Due to the configuration of the Atlantic slave trade routes, this is an area thathas received a large number of captives whose origin was similar to that of southeastern Brazil,where there was a strong supremacy of slaves from west-central Africa. Even if the number ofslaves imported to Buenos Aires was significantly lower than in the Brazilian Imperial Court, inthe second half of the nineteenth century there was still intense presence of African descentamong workers in the Argentine capital. For this reason, this presentation aims to analyze thesingularities of the ways and strategies adopted by afroportenhos to articulate their identities.The main objective is to reflect on the specific way in which they faced, in the Plata region, thetension between their ethnicity and their social profileKey words: Associations, Buenos Aires, African Identities, leisure, working class.
Modeling secondary organic aerosol in an urban area: application to Paris, France
Authors: Couvidat F. , Kim Y. , Sartelet K. , Seigneur C. , Marchand N. , Sciare J.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. A secondary organic aerosol (SOA) model, H2O (Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Organic), is evaluated over the Paris area. This model treats the formation of SOA with two kinds of surrogate species: hydrophilic species (which condense preferentially on an aqueous phase) and hydrophobic species (which condense only on an organic phase). These surrogates species are formed from the oxidation in the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by radicals (HO and NO3) and ozone. These VOC are either biogenic (isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) or anthropogenic (mainly aromatic compounds). This model includes the formation of aerosols from different precursors (biogenic precursors, aromatics), and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) from traffic. The H2O aerosol model was incorporated into the Polyphemus air quality modeling platform and applied to the Paris area and evaluated by comparison to measurements performed during the Megapoli campaign in July 2009. The comparison to measurements in the suburbs and in the city center of Paris shows that the model gives satisfactory results for both elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). However, the model gives a peak of OC concentrations in the morning due to high emissions from traffic, which does not appear in measurements. Uncertainties in the modeled temperature, which can affect the gas-particle partitioning, in the partitioning of primary SVOC or underestimation of primary organic aerosol (POA) evaporation by the model could explain the differences between model and measurements. Moreover, using a theoretical mechanism for the oxidation of primary SVOC and intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOC), POA concentrations were found to be likely overestimated by models due to the use of simple partitioning constants (which do not take into account the affinity of a compound with the liquid aerosol solution) or due to the assumption that the organic aerosol solution is a one-phase ideal solution. The organic aerosol in the city center of Paris was found to be originating mostly from distant sources with only 30 to 38% due to local sources.
Response of methane emissions from wetlands to the Last Glacial Maximum and an idealized Dansgaard–Oeschger climate event: insights from two models of different complexity
Authors: Ringeval B. , Hopcroft P. O. , Valdes P. J. , Ciais P. , Ramstein G. , Dolman A. J. , Kageyama M.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The role of different sources and sinks of CH4 in changes in atmospheric methane ([CH4]) concentration during the last 100 000 yr is still not fully understood. In particular, the magnitude of the change in wetland CH4 emissions at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) relative to the pre-industrial period (PI), as well as during abrupt climatic warming or Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) events of the last glacial period, is largely unconstrained. In the present study, we aim to understand the uncertainties related to the parameterization of the wetland CH4 emission models relevant to these time periods by using two wetland models of different complexity (SDGVM and ORCHIDEE). These models have been forced by identical climate fields from low-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (FAMOUS) simulations of these time periods. Both emission models simulate a large decrease in emissions during LGM in comparison to PI consistent with ice core observations and previous modelling studies. The global reduction is much larger in ORCHIDEE than in SDGVM (respectively −67 and −46%), and whilst the differences can be partially explained by different model sensitivities to temperature, the major reason for spatial differences between the models is the inclusion of freezing of soil water in ORCHIDEE and the resultant impact on methanogenesis substrate availability in boreal regions. Besides, a sensitivity test performed with ORCHIDEE in which the methanogenesis substrate sensitivity to the precipitations is modified to be more realistic gives a LGM reduction of −36%. The range of the global LGM decrease is still prone to uncertainty, and here we underline its sensitivity to different process parameterizations. Over the course of an idealized D–O warming, the magnitude of the change in wetland CH4 emissions simulated by the two models at global scale is very similar at around 15 Tg yr−1, but this is only around 25% of the ice-core measured changes in [CH4]. The two models do show regional differences in emission sensitivity to climate with much larger magnitudes of northern and southern tropical anomalies in ORCHIDEE. However, the simulated northern and southern tropical anomalies partially compensate each other in both models limiting the net flux change. Future work may need to consider the inclusion of more detailed wetland processes (e.g. linked to permafrost or tropical floodplains), other non-wetland CH4 sources or different patterns of D–O climate change in order to be able to reconcile emission estimates with the ice-core data for rapid CH4 events.
Development and operation of a muon detection system under extremely high humidity environment for monitoring underground water table
Authors: Tanaka H. K. M. , Sannomiya A.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. In order to investigate the complex nature of landslides triggered by rainfall, dynamic muon radiography of the motion of the underground water table is planned in a drainage tunnel drilled underneath an estimated fault plane. However, the humidity inside the tunnel is almost 100%. In order to suppress moisture effects, a scintillation counter with Cockcroft–Walton photomultipler tubes (CW-MPT) was developed and tested at the observation site located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The counter was stably operated for 38 days without gain degrading. Based on the result, we constructed a muon detection system with CW-PMTs at the same site and started operation runs. In this work, the data from borehole-based water gauge measurements of the underground water levels were analyzed and discussed. It was confirmed that the comparison between muon and borehole data would be useful.
O Pregão Eletrônico como Instrumento de Controle de Oportunismos no Processo Licitatório Público
Authors: Oura Mauricio Massao , Kono Carlos Mamori , Rodrigues Leonel Cezar , Riccio Edson Luiz
Published: January 2013

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a operação de pregão eletrônico (PE) no sistema Comprasnet, da União, que busca instrumentalizar o governo para lidar com o oportunismo dos licitantes, permitindo ao primeiro, contratar bens e serviços a preços mais compatíveis com os praticados no mercado.O desenho da pesquisa envolve o estudo de caso, em nível descritivo, dos processos de PE no sistema Comprasnet, do Governo Federal, tendo como campo de pesquisa uma área demandante e cinco pregoeiros como sujeitos sociais da pesquisa.Os principais resultados indicam que houve aumento na eficiência e transparência nos processos a partir do uso do sistema de pregão eletrônico. Em conclusão, esse sistema tem servido, principalmente, para automatizar o controle do cumprimento à legislação no processo licitatório, mas parece não ter sido efetivo no combate ao oportunismo dos licitantes.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i2.118
Participação de Terceiros em Equipes de Projetos TI: Conflitos e Influências nos Resultados.
Authors: Rigolon Guilherme Jacob , Silveira Marco Antonio Pinheiro da
Published: January 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a percepção dos profissionais de TI com relação à influência da participação de Prestadores de Serviços em equipes de projetos de TI, e dos possíveis conflitos gerados por essa participação, nos resultados destes projetos. A pesquisa teve natureza exploratória, tendo sido realizado levantamento com 253 profissionais de vários níveis hierárquicos da área de TI. Os resultados indicaram que as equipes mistas são mais produtivas, proporcionam maior aprendizado e condições para a inovação que as equipes tradicionalmente homogêneas, apesar de as equipes mistas tenderem a gerar conflitos de relacionamento entre os integrantes. O estudo contribui na análise da atuação do profissional de TI, tanto do ponto de vista do funcionário como de gestores de projeto.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i2.69
A Perspectiva Co-Evolucionária e sua Aplicação à Teoria das Organizações
Authors: Scherer Flavia Luciane , Da Rosa Gama Madruga Lúcia Rejane
Published: January 2013

Neste artigo são apontados os fundamentos e as possibilidades dos estudos co-evolucionários, os requisitos e as dificuldades para desenvolver tais estudos, bem como são discutidos alguns dos quadros teóricos centrais em teoria das organizações, sob a perspectiva da co-evolução (Lewin e Volberda, 1999). A partir disto, são identificados os possíveis elos que podem ser estabelecidos entre diferentes lentes de estudo, quando integradas em um estudo co-evolucionário. Tais ligações são traçadas tomando-se a análise da teoria institucional (DiMaggio e Powell, 1991; Meyer e Rowan, 1991; Scott, 1995), do enfoque dos custos de transação (Williamson, 1981) e da teoria das relações sociais na ação econômica (Granovetter, 1992). Desta forma, espera-se contribuir para a discussão sobre as possibilidades de maior integração nos estudos organizacionais, quando se chama atenção para a importância de avançar em direção a uma visão mais integradora, que considere as macro dinâmicas sociais e econômicas e seus impactos no nível da firma (efeitos em termos de formato, de identidade, de cultura e de processos de aprendizagem), assim como s relações inversas – da firma para o macro ambiente.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i2.98
Projetos Educacionais e Estudos Observacionais em Análise Fílmica: Qual o Atual Status de Produção no Brasil?
Authors: Leite Nildes Pitombo , Amaral Iraides Gonçalves do , Freitas Alessandra Demite Gonçalves de , Alvarenga Marcelo Aparecido
Published: January 2013

A definição de projetos educacionais dada por Moura & Barbosa (2011) e adotada nesta pesquisa, foi utilizada como elemento auxiliar, tanto no norteamento das análises dos dados mapeados nos seminários, congressos, periódicos, capítulos de livros e livros, no período de 2000 a 2012, quanto na identificação e análise de projetos educacionais que se encontrem sob as perspectivas de projetos (também aqui consideradas como categorias prévias para análise) de ensino, desenvolvimento, intervenção, pesquisa e aprendizagem. Na agenda de pesquisa sobre projetos educacionais no Brasil predominam as perpectivas de projetos em pesquisa e aprendizagem. Crescem os estudos oberservacionais sob essas mesmas perspectivas, seguidos da perspectiva ensino. Os mapeamentos aqui analisados, os avanços empíricos realizados e as perspectivas que se abrem ao término desta pesquisa são fatores considerados relevantes para os rumos dos estudos observacionais com análises fílmicas, contribuindo para minimizar reducionismos e inconsistências em projetos educacionais, quaisquer que sejam as perspectivas de projetos.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i3.114
Modelo para Construção de Base de Conhecimentos sobre Projetos Suportado por Ferramentas Colaborativas
Authors: Juliani Douglas Paulesky , Juliani Jordan Paulesky , Alves Bello Janine Da Silva , De Souza João Artur
Published: January 2013

A utilização de ferramentas de colaboração para o gerenciamento de bases de conhecimento permite que as organizações possam armazenar e disseminar o conhecimento produzido nos projetos de maneira efetiva Aliar modernas soluções de tecnologia de informação a conceitos de gestão do conhecimento e gerenciamento de projetos, beneficiando com a manutenção e utilização da memória organizacional através da utilização de modelos especificados possibilitaa obtenção de vantagens competitivas.Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um modelo para a construção de uma base de conhecimentos, com basenas lições aprendidas no gerenciamento de projetos baseado no guia PMBOK (Um Guia do Conhecimento em Gerenciamento de Projetos), suportado por ferramentas colaborativas e fundamentos de gestão do conhecimento.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i3.128
Percepção dos Atributos de uma Inovação por Parte dos Profissionais de Operação e Manutenção de uma Usina Termelétrica: Um Caso de Transferência de Tecnologia com Foco nos Usuários Finais
Authors: Mussi Fabricio Baron , Canuto Kleber Cuissi
Published: January 2013

Para atender as demandas de energia do país, considerando as eventuais sazonalidades inerentes às condições climáticas brasileiras, parte da energia disponibilizada no sistema elétrico nacional tem sido originada (nos anos mais recentes) a partir das usinas que geram eletricidade utilizando o gás natural. O presente trabalho possui como objetivo analisar um caso de transferência de tecnologia com foco no usuário final, observando qual é a sua percepção com relação aos atributos da ferramenta tecnológica implantada, um sistema de controle e monitoramento. O caso, desenvolvido em uma usina termoelétrica, abrange a participação de quatro organizações: a usina termelétrica que adquiriu a tecnologia, a empresa que vai operar com a nova tecnologia, um instituto de pesquisa que auxiliou no processo de seleção e ajustes da ferramenta tecnológica às necessidades locais e a empresa internacional fornecedora. Utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa para o alcance dos propósitos da pesquisa. Entre os achados, verificaram-se algumas diferenças na percepção de atributos por determinados grupos de usuários. Dada a relevância do ferramenta tecnológica adquirida, é possível que ações de comunicação e treinamentos técnicos sejam necessários de modo a assegurar que os usuários conheçam todas as funcionalidades do novo sistema, suas vantagens em relação ao sistema anteriormente usado e sua compatibilidade com as rotinas técnicas da usina objeto do estudo. A dependência tecnológica de empresas estrangeiras e as necessidades de ajustes aos cronogramas de implantação da ferramenta tecnológica contribuíram para a transferência parcial de tecnologia observada, demandando pesquisas futuras para a verificação da superação desta limitação.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i3.59
Gestão Estratégica em Redes: Desenvolvimento e Aplicação de um Modelo na Brasil Júnior
Authors: Feldhaus Diego Calegari , Pereira Maurício Fernandes , Neto Siqueira De Morais
Published: January 2013

Novas formas de organização, em especial as redes organizacionais, impulsionadas pela evolução das tecnologias de informação, têm mudado o paradigma social e econômico e elevado os níveis de competitividade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e aplicar um modelo de formulação de estratégia capaz de alinhar as empresas juniores e federações vinculadas a Brasil Júnior em torno de referenciais estratégicos compartilhados. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo exploratório, descritivo do objeto estudado. A estratégia da pesquisa foi um estudo de caso com dados secundários e primários levantados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental, entrevistas e seminários, com participação dos membros da coalizão dominante da organização. Os resultados demonstraram que a organização como rede exige uma gestão estratégica horizontalizada, alicerçada em propósitos compartilhados explícitos e claramente compreendidos.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i3.84
Aspectos Ergonômicos no Planejamento e Execução de Projetos: Estudo de Caso de um Centro de Distribuição de Produtos Têxteis
Authors: Da Silva Emerson Lourenço , Cassiano Douglas Alves , Haber Jabra , Lourenço Sérgio Ricardo
Published: January 2013

As fases de planejamento e execução do projeto do centro de distribuição de uma indústria têxtil de grande porte foram efetuadas avaliando-se os aspectos ergonômicos relativos às operações a serem executadas nas instalações e dados antropométricos dos funcionários. A análise ergonômica das tarefas associada ao método de traçagem do alcance dos movimentos orientaram o planejamento das áreas de separação de pedidos, indução manual e consolidação de pedidos do centro de distribuição. Utilizando essa metodologia, foi possível efetuar a execução ergonomicamente adequada do projeto das três áreas estudadas.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i3.95
The Back Page: My Favorite Lesson: The Chinese Number Pyramid Puzzle
Authors: Raje Sonali , Kaplan Gail , Krach Michael
Published: January 2013

The Chinese number pyramid puzzle serves as a means to develop students' critical thinking skills.
The science of animal welfare and its relevance to whales
Authors: Broom DM
Published: January 2013

The welfare of animals is a major factor affecting the acceptability of human activities, and hence their sustainability, and whales are the subject of much concern because they are considered to be sentient animals. The scientific study of animal welfare has developed rapidly and now allows evaluation of the effects on whale welfare of disturbance by boats, harpoon entry, pulling whales to a boat, capture procedures, the point of unconsciousness and consequences for animals that escape. Useful data are now being collected on some aspects but recent evidence shows that, on average, during the capture and killing of whales, there is a high magnitude of poor welfare and the procedure is not humane.
Animal welfare and intergovernmental organisations: the role of intergovernmental organisations such as the OIE in animal welfare
Authors: Littin KE , Sheridan A , Johnson CB , Bayvel ACD
Published: January 2013

Intergovernmental organisations, formal arrangements between governments of states, nations or countries, have a key role in global affairs, including animal disease control and animal welfare standard setting. They have advantages over countries that act by themselves, for instance their standards can be recognised under international treaties and apply across or outside of normal country boundaries and they can consider impacts at a broader or global scale rather than having to focus only on those occurring in one country.
ODRŽAVANJE FINANCIJSKE RAVNOTEŽE U PREDUZEĆU UZ POMOĆ FINANCIJSKIH PRAVILA
Authors: Hasanbegović Erdin
Published: January 2013

Osnovni cilj rada je da se ukaže na važnost primjene financijskih pravila u preduzeću. Akcent je stavljen na održavanje financijske ravnoteže u preduzeću na osnovu financijskih pravila. U uslovima gdje dominira neizvjesnost i rizik, potrebno je primjeniti nove metode poslovanja. Neophodno je da se preduzmu novi pristupi prilikom donošenja poslovnih odluka, o tome gdje i kako ulagati i sa kojim sredstvima ulagati u budućnosti. Neophodno je osigurati odgovarajuća sredstva za finansiranje preduzeća kako bi se održala financijska ravnoteža.Problem istraživanja predstavlja kako održati financijsku ravnotežu u preduzeću uz pomoć financijskih pravila. Iz navedenih postavki proističe i neophodnost istraživanja odnosa financijske ravnoteže i financijskih pravila s ciljem razvoja peduzeća. Na taj način se može formulisati i predmet istraživanja, a to je istražiti i objasniti značaj financijske ravnoteže i upotreba financisjkih pravila u savremenom preduzeću.
Comparison of Whole versus Partial Vertebral Body Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Spinal Metastases
Authors: Patel Veeral B. , Wegner Rodney E. , Heron Dwight E. , Flickinger John C. , Gerszten Peter , Burton Steve A.
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference in clinical outcomes for patients with metastatic spine disease treated with a whole versus partial vertebral body contouring approach. A retrospective study was performed for the clinical outcomes of 154 metastatic lesions to the spine in 117 patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using the Cyberknife™ Robotic Radiosurgery System. Each patient was treated with a single session of radiotherapy using either a whole (WB) or a partial vertebral body contour approach (PB). The primary endpoint was re-treatment rate and the secondary endpoints were pain status, neurologic status, toxicity, tumor control, and survival. The WB group had a lower re-treatment rate (11% (WB) vs. 18.6% (PB), p = 0.285). Prior surgery status (P = 1.953, OR = 7.052, p< 0.001) was correlated to the re-treatment rate. Trends for local tumor control were distinct for both treatment groups (X2 = 3.380, p-value = 0.066). Treatment group (P = −1.1017, OR = 0.362, p = 0.029) was significantly correlated to the local tumor control rate. The 2-year survival was 25.7% in WB and 20.9% in PB (p = 0.741). Contouring the whole vertebral body for stereotactic body radiation therapy treatment of metastatic spinal lesions shows potential benefits by reducing the risk of recurrence, improving symptomatic relief and providing improved local tumor control.
Clinical Use of Dual Image-Guided Localization System for Spine Radiosurgery
Authors: Wen Ning , Walls Nicole , Kim Jinkoo , Jin Jian-Yue , Kim Sangroh , Nurushev Teamour , Chetty Indrin J. , Movsas Benjamin , Ryu Samuel
Published: January 2013

The recently released Novalis TX linac platform provides various image guided localization methods including a stereoscopic X-ray imaging technique (ExacTrac) and a volumetric cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging technique. The ExacTrac combined with the robotic six dimensional (6D) couch provides fast and accurate patient setup based on bony structures and offers “snap shot” imaging at any point during the treatment to detect patient motion. The CBCT offers a three dimensional (3D), volumetric image of the patient's setup with visualization of anatomic structures. However, each imaging system has a separate isocenter, which may not coincide with each other or with the linac isocenter. The aim of this paper was to compare the localization accuracy between Exactrac and CBCT for single fraction spine radiosurgery treatments. The study was performed for both phantom and patients (96 clinical treatments of 57 patients). The discrepancies between the isocenter between the ExacTrac and CBCT in four dimensions (three translations and one rotation) were recorded and statistically analyzed using two-tailed t-test.
High-Throughput Screening of Saliva for Early Detection of Oral Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Szanto I. , Mark L. , Bona A. , Maasz G. , Sandor B. , Gelencser G. , Turi Z. , Gallyas F.
Published: January 2013

The success of tumour therapy depends considerably on early diagnosis. Therefore, we aimed to develop a widely available, cheap, non-invasive, high-throughput method suitable for screening high-risk populations, at least, for early signs of malignant transformation in the oral cavity. First, in order to identify suitable tumour marker candidates, we compared the protein patterns of five selected saliva samples obtained from healthy controls and tumour patients after electrophoretic separation, excised the bands that were consistently up-regulated in the tumour patients only, and performed matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionisation (MALDI)-time of flight (TOF) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of the proteins in these bands after in-gel tryptic digestion. From the panel of proteins identified, we chose annexin 1 and peroxiredoxin 2 for further studies based on their presence in the saliva of all five oral cancer patients only. Then, we performed a homology search of protein databases using the primary sequence of each in silico tryptic fragment peptide of these two proteins as bait, and selected a unique peptide for each. Finally, we performed targeted MALDI-TOF MS peptide analysis in a blinded fashion on all samples obtained from 20 healthy controls and 22 tumour patients for the presence of these peptides. We found both peptides present in the saliva samples of all cancer patients only. Even though these tumour markers should be validated in a wider population, our results indicate that targeted MALDI-TOF MS analysis of unique peptides of putative saliva protein tumour biomarkers could be the method of choice for cost-efficient, high-throughput screening for the early detection of oral cancer.
Impact of Materials versus Geometric Parameters on the Contact Resistance in Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Gruber Manfred , Zojer Egbert , Schürrer Ferdinand , Zojer Karin
Published: January 2013

The contact resistance is known to severely hamper the performance of organic thin‐film transistors, especially when dealing with large injection barriers, high mobility organic semiconductors, or short channel lengths. Here, the relative significance of how it is affected by materials‐parameters (mobility and interfacial level‐offsets) and geometric factors (bottom‐contact vs top‐contact geometries) is assessed. This is done using drift‐diffusion‐based simulations on idealized device structures aiming at a characterization of the “intrinsic” situation in the absence of traps, differences in the film morphology, or metal‐atoms diffusing into the organic semiconductor. It is found that, in contrast to common wisdom, in such a situation the top‐contact devices do not always outperform the bottom‐contact ones. In fact, the observed ratio between the contact resistances of the two device structures changes by up to two orders of magnitude depending on the assumed materials parameters. The contact resistance is also shown to be strongly dependent on the hole mobility in the organic semiconductor and influenced by the chosen point of operation of the device.
Positive effects of short course androgen therapy on the neurodevelopmental outcome in boys with 47,XXY syndrome at 36 and 72 months of age
Authors: Samango‐Sprouse Carole A. , Sadeghin Teresa , Mitchell Francine L , Dixon Teresa , Stapleton Emily , Kingery Madison , Gropman Andrea L.
Published: January 2013

The effects of early androgen treatment on neurodevelopmental performance in pre‐pubertal boys with 47,XXY have not been well investigated. The influence of hormones on brain development in humans suggests that a positive effect on neurodevelopmental outcome in young boys with XXY may be plausible with hormone replacement therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate retrospectively if an early course of androgen treatment (three injections of testosterone enanthate, 25 mg, each) had an impact on specific domains of neurodevelopmental function in boys with 47,XXY at 36 and 72 months of age. One hundred one boys with a karyotype of 47,XXY had neurodevelopmental assessments. The retrospective chart review resulted in one group (n = 34) who had received androgen treatment during infancy and the second group was untreated (N = 67). Statistical analysis was completed to determine if there was a positive effect from treatment observed at 36 and at 72 months on multiple domains of development. There were significant differences in multiple cognitive domains in the group who received androgen treatment, including multiple measures of language, intellectual, and neuromotor skills. Improved function was observed in neurodevelopmental outcome in boys with 47,XXY at 36 and 72 months who had been treated with a short course of androgen treatment in infancy. Continued research is underway to expand our understanding of the relationship of androgen, brain function, and neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental outcome in boys with 47,XXY. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.