bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronometric Dating in Archaeology, vol. 2
Authors: Eighmy Jeffrey L.
Published: January 2005

Chronometric Dating in Archaeology. vol. 2. R. E. Taylor and Martin J. Aitken. eds. New York: Plenum, 1997.396 pp.
The Indigenous People of the Caribbean
Authors: Whitehead Neil L.
Published: January 2005

The Indigenous People of the Caribbean. Samuel M. Wilson. ed. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1997.254 pp.
Dominion
Authors: Walker Alan
Published: January 2005

Dominion. Niles Eldredge. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997.190 pp.
The Potlatch Papers: A Colonial Case History
Authors: Masco Joseph
Published: January 2005

The Potlatch Papers:. Colonial Case History. Christopher Bracken. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.276 pp.
Being Muslim the Bosnian Way: Ideology and Community in a Central Bosnian Village
Authors: Hayden Robert M.
Published: January 2005

Being Muslim the Bosnian Way: Ideology and Community in. Central Bosnian Village. Tone Bringa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.281 pp.
Spectacular Nature: Corporate Culture and the Sea World Experience
Authors: Gable Eric
Published: January 2005

Spectacular Nature: Corporate Culture and the Sea World Experience. Susan G. Davis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.314 pp.
Latino Cultural Citizenship: Claiming Identity, Space and Rights
Authors: Alvarez Robert R.
Published: January 2005

Latino Cultural Citizenship: Claiming Identity, Space and Rights. William V. Flores and Rina Benmayor. eds. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. 1997,322 pp.
Embodied Progress: A Cultural Account of Assisted Conception
Authors: Davis‐Floyd Robbie E.
Published: January 2005

Embodied Progress:. Cultural Account of Assisted Conception. Sarah Franklin. London and New York: Routledge, 1997.252 pp.
Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood: Passages to Nationhood in Greek Macedonia, 1870‐1990
Authors: Creed Gerald W.
Published: January 2005

Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood: Passages to Nationhood in Greek Macedonia, 1870‐1990. Anastasia N. Karakasidou. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.334 pp.
Waiting for Rain: Agriculture and Ecological Imbalance in Cape Verde
Authors: Shorr Nick
Published: January 2005

Waiting for Rain: Agriculture and Ecological Imbalance in Cape Verde. Mark Langworthy and Timothy J. Finan. Boulder, CO:LynneRienner, 1997.212 pp.
The Pastoral Tuareg: Ecology, Culture, and Society, vols. 1 and 2
Authors: Hutchinson Sharon
Published: January 2005

The Pastoral Tuareg: Ecology, Culture, and Society, vols. and 2. Johannes Nicolaisen and Ida Nicolaisen. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997.488 pp.
Uncommon Ground: Cultural Landscapes and Environmental Values
Authors: Vasey Daniel E.
Published: January 2005

Uncommon Ground: Cultural Landscapes and Environmental Values. Veronica Strang. New York: New York University Press, 1997.310 pp.
Marginality and Modernity: Ethnicity and Change in Post‐Colonial Balochistan
Authors: Canfield Robert L.
Published: January 2005

Marginality and Modernity: Ethnicity and Change in Post‐ Colonial Balochistan. Paul Titus. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.332 pp.
A Concise History of World Population
Authors: Wood James W.
Published: January 2005

. Concise History of World Population. 2nd edition. Massimo Livi‐Bacci. Maiden, MA: Blackwell, 1997.250 pp.
Demographic Diversity and Change in the Central American Isthmus
Authors: Cowgill George L.
Published: January 2005

Demographic Diversity and Change in the Central American Isthmus. Anne R. Pebley and Luis Rosero‐Bixby. eds. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1997.736 pp.
Cognitive Tracks of Cultural Inheritance: How Evolved Intuitive Ontology Governs Cultural Transmission
Authors: Boyer Pascal
Published: January 2005

“Acquired culture” depends on social transmission and displays salient cross‐cultural variability. It seems unconnected to adaptive fitness. It is, however, constrained by evolved properties of the mind. Recurrent—not necessarily universal—features of acquired culture can be explained by taking into account the early development and constraining power ofintuitive ontology, a set of principled domain‐specific inferential capacities. These allow us to predict recurrent trends in domains as diverse as folk‐psychology, representations of natural kinds, the uses of literacy, the acquisition of scientific beliefs, and even the limiting‐case of religious ontologies. In all these domains the notion of cultural transmission along domainspecificcognitive tracksgoverned by intuitive ontology is supported by independent psychological evidence and provides testable explanations for recurrent features in the anthropological record, [evolution, culture, cultural universal, cognitive development, evolutionary psychology]
Schooling and Skipperhood: The Development of Dexterity
Authors: Pálsson Gísli , Helgason Agnar
Published: January 2005

Focusing on data relating to Iceland, we examine differences in the performance of fishing skippers both in and out of school and explore the development of dexterity and the connections among fishing practice, schooling, and fishing success.

Our ethnographic and statistical analyses indicate that, contrary to the prevailing assumption of many educators, skippers' performance in marine school has little direct relation to success in fishing. We conclude that while schooling serves important other purposes, critical abilities required for locating and catching fish are largely developed in the course of everyday practice. Our findings substantiate much recent theorizing on embodied knowledge and schooling, emphasizing the embeddedness of learning and cognition. There are good grounds, we argue, for placing practical knowledge, situated activities, and communities of practice at the center of the theoretical and environmental agenda, [dexterity, fishing, practice, schooling, Iceland]
The Kilopilopitsofy, Kidoky, and Bokyboky: Accounts of Strange Animals from Belo‐sur‐mer, Madagascar, and the Megafaunal “Extinction Window”
Authors: Burney David A. , Ramilisonina
Published: January 2005

In July and August 1995, the authors interviewed elderly Malagasy with knowledge of the traditions and natural history of their home areas, centered on the villages of Belo‐sur‐mer, Antsira, and Ambararata, on the southwest coast of Madagascar.

Several individuals related personal experiences in which they claim to have seen and heard animals that do not match any known extant animal of Madagascar. Two of the mystery animals, known locally as the kilopilopitsofy and kidoky, were described in terms similar to creatures detailed in historical accounts and folklore recorded in Madagascar between the mid‐1600s and the end of the nineteenth century. The former of these has been compared by some authors to the dwarf hippopotamus and the latter to a giant lemur, animals generally inferred from radiocarbon dating of last known occurrences to have gone extinct early in the present millennium or perhaps a few centuries later.

Stories by these same informants concerning extant animals demonstrate their accurate knowledge of the fauna. Magical powers are ascribed to some animals, such as the bokyboky, a viverrid (Mungotictis) that occurs in the region. Radiocarbon dates obtained recently on some of the extinct megafauna, showing that some extirpated taxa may have survived until recent centuries, confirm that ethnographic sources of information on these species should not automatically be dismissed as irrelevant or unreliable. [Madagascar, extinctions, megafauna, hippopotamus, lemur]
Woven by the Grandmothers
Authors: Webster Laurie D.
Published: January 2005

Woven by the Grandmothers: Nineteenth‐Century Navajo Textiles from the National Museum of the American Indian. The Heard Museum, Phoenix, Arizona, February 1‐April 26,1998.

Woven by the Grandmothers: Nineteenth‐Century Navajo Textiles from the National Museum of the American Indian. Eulalie H. Bonar. ed. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996. 214 pp.
Identification of a 71 kDa protein as a putative non-genomic membrane progesterone receptor in boar spermatozoa
Authors: Jang S , Yi L S H
Published: January 2005

A putative non-genomic progesterone receptor was identified by Western blot analysis from the membrane fraction but not the cytosolic fraction of boar spermatozoa using monoclonal antibody (mAb) C-262. When the membrane and the cytosolic fractions of boar liver, kidney, uterus and spermatozoa were analyzed with mAb C-262, protein bands with molecular masses of 86 and 120 kDa were detected from the cytosolic fraction of the uterus, whereas a 71 kDa protein was detected from the membrane fraction of spermatozoa. Apparently, while the 86 and 120 kDa proteins from the uterus correspond to the genomic progesterone receptor isoforms A and B in boar, the 71 kDa protein of the sperm membrane fraction seems to be a novel membrane-associated progesterone receptor. Ligand blot assay of the membrane and the cytosolic fractions of boar spermatozoa performed with peroxidase-conjugated progesterone revealed that only the 71 kDa membrane protein binds specifically to progesterone, reinforcing the results obtained from the Western blot analysis. Also ligand blot assays performed in the presence of mAb C-262 demonstrated that mAb C-262 inhibited progesterone binding to the 71 kDa protein in a dose-dependent manner. Ligand blot assays performed in the presence of free progesterone, RU486 or estrogen revealed that binding of peroxidase-conjugated progesterone to the 71 kDa protein was inhibited by free progesterone and RU486 in a dose-dependent manner but not by estrogen, which further confirms that progesterone binds to the 71 kDa protein specifically. Furthermore, the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction was inhibited by mAb C-262 in a dose-dependent manner. These results strongly imply that spermatozoa possess a progesterone receptor in a membrane-bound form and can be influenced by progesterone via non-genomic progesterone receptor.
Prolactin, the prolactin receptor and uncoupling protein abundance and function in adipose tissue during development in young sheep
Authors: Pearce S , Budge H , Mostyn A , Genever E , Webb R , Ingleton P , Walker A M , Symonds M E , Stephenson T
Published: January 2005

A primary role of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) during fetal and postnatal development has been suggested to be the regulation of uncoupling protein (UCP) expression. We, therefore, determined whether: (1) the rate of loss of UCP1 from brown adipose tissue after birth was paralleled by the disappearance of PRLR; and (2) administration of either pituitary extract prolactin (PRL) containing a mixture of posttranslationally modified forms or its pseudophosphorylated form (S179D PRL) improved thermoregulation and UCP1 function over the first week of neonatal life. PRLR abundance was greatest in adipose tissue 6 h after birth before declining up to 30 days of age, a trend mirrored by first a gain and then a loss of UCP1. In contrast, in the liver – which does not possess UCPs –a postnatal decline in PRLR was not observed. Administration of PRL resulted in an acute increase in colonic temperature in conjunction with increased plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and, as a result, the normal postnatal decline in body temperature was delayed. S179D PRL at lower concentrations resulted in a transient rise in colonic temperature at both 2 and 6 days of age. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a close relationship between the ontogeny of UCP1 and the PRLR. Exogenous PRL administration elicits a thermogenic effect suggesting an important role for the PRLR in regulating UCP1 function.
Lipopolysaccharide has selective actions on sub-populations of catecholaminergic neurons involved in activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and inhibition of prolactin secretion
Authors: Hollis Jacob H , Lightman Stafford L , Lowry Christopher A
Published: January 2005

Immune activation results in adaptive neuroendocrine responses, including activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which are dependent on the integrity of medullary catecholaminergic (CA) systems. In contrast, although specific roles of pontine, midbrain, and hypothalamic CA systems in neuroendocrine function have been described, the functional roles of these CA systems in modulating neuroendocrine function during immune responses have not been investigated. We have, therefore, investigated the effects of immune activation on the various CA systems of the central nervous system (CNS) and explored this relationship with changes in plasma corticosterone and plasma prolactin. Male BALB/c mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 500 μg/kg i.p.) and 2 h later cardiac blood was taken and mice were perfused with fixative. Immunostaining procedures were performed using antibodies raised against c-Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of CA neurons, and detailed topographical analysis of the CA systems within the CNS was performed. LPS-injected mice had increased concentrations of plasma corticosterone and decreased concentrations of plasma prolactin compared with vehicle-injected controls. LPS-injected mice had increased numbers of c-Fos-positive CA neurons within the medullary (A1, A2, C1, C2), pontine (A6) and midbrain (A10) cell groups when compared with vehicle-injected controls. Among hypothalamic CA cell groups, LPS had differential effects on the numbers of c-Fos-positive CA neurons in topographically organised subdivisions of the arcuate nucleus (A12). Changes in plasma prolactin concentrations correlated with the numbers of c-Fos-positive CA neurons within the area postrema, the medullary CA cell groups, the medial posterior division of the arcuate, and the zona incerta. The present study identifies topographically organised, anatomically distinct CA systems that are likely to modulate some of the neuroendocrine responses to immune activation, and may provide novel targets for the relief of symptoms associated with illness and disease.
Appetite control
Authors: Wynne Katie , Stanley Sarah , McGowan Barbara , Bloom Steve
Published: January 2005

Our understanding of the physiological systems that regulate food intake and body weight has increased immensely over the past decade. Brain centres, including the hypothalamus, brainstem and reward centres, signal via neuropeptides which regulate energy homeostasis. Insulin and hormones synthesized by adipose tissue reflect the long-term nutritional status of the body and are able to influence these circuits. Circulating gut hormones modulate these pathways acutely and result in appetite stimulation or satiety effects. This review discusses central neuronal networks and peripheral signals which contribute energy homeostasis, and how a loss of the homeostatic process may result in obesity. It also considers future therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity.
Neonatal handling and reproductive function in female rats
Authors: Gomes C M , Raineki C , de Paula P Ramos , Severino G S , Helena C V V , Anselmo-Franci J A , Franci C R , Sanvitto G L , Lucion A B
Published: January 2005

Neonatal handling induces anovulatory estrous cycles and decreases sexual receptivity in female rats. The synchronous secretion of hormones from the gonads (estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P)), pituitary (luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones) and hypothalamus (LH-releasing hormone (LHRH)) are essential for the reproductive functions in female rats. The present study aimed to describe the plasma levels of E2 and P throughout the estrous cycle and LH, FSH and prolactin (PRL) in the afternoon of the proestrus, and the LHRH content in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), median eminence (ME) and medial septal area (MSA) in the proestrus, in the neonatal handled rats. Wistar pup rats were handled for 1 min during the first 10 days after delivery (neonatal handled group) or left undisturbed (nonhandled group). When they reached adulthood, blood samples were collected through a jugular cannula and the MPOA, ME and MSA were microdissected. Plasma levels of the hormones and the content of LHRH were determined by RIA. The number of oocytes counted in the morning of the estrus day in the handled rats was significantly lower than in the nonhandled ones. Neonatal handling reduces E2 levels only on the proestrus day while P levels decreased in metestrus and estrus. Handled females also showed reduced plasma levels of LH, FSH and PRL in the afternoon of the proestrus. The LHRH content in the MPOA was significantly higher than in the nonhandled group. The reduced secretion of E2, LH, FSH and LHRH on the proestrus day may explain the anovulatory estrous cycle in neonatal handled rats. The reduced secretion of PRL in the proestrus may be related to the decreased sexual receptiveness in handled females. In conclusion, early-life environmental stimulation can induce long-lasting effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis.
Nestin expression and clonal analysis of islet-derived epithelial monolayers: insight into nestin-expressing cell heterogeneity and differentiation potential
Authors: Wang R , Li J , Yashpal N , Gao N
Published: January 2005

There has over the last several years been renewed interest in developing a system for generating new islets and a search for a self-renewing population in the pancreas. In particular, the neural stem cell marker nestin has been implicated as an islet precursor marker and its immunoreactivity has been localized in the islets of Langerhans. This study examines islet-derived epithelial monolayers expanded ex vivo to provide a source of nestin-expressing progenitor cells – a model that will help us understand the role of nestin-expressing cells in islet cell development. When cultured on a type I collagen gel, islets formed confluent monolayers which lacked endocrine phenotypes but were positive for cytokeratin 20 and contained an increased proportion of proliferating nestin-expressing cells, reaching a maximum of 54±10%. Co-expression studies demonstrated that the nestin-positive cells are heterogeneous, with some nestin-expressing cells co-localizing with the transcription factor PDX-1 and glucose transporter type 2 or lack of co-expression with vimentin. When clonal populations of nestin-positive cells were expanded and subjected to a differentiation protocol, only a population that expressed the transcription factor PDX-1 at the mRNA level was capable of re-expressing insulin at the mRNA and protein level. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that expanded nestin-expressing cells in vitro from islet-derived epithelial monolayers are heterogeneous; clonal analysis of nestin-positive cells reveals that a distinct subpopulation of nestin/PDX-1-expressing cells is capable of forming insulin-producing cells.
Ontogeny of pituitary thyrotrophs and regulation by endogenous thyroid hormone feedback in the chick embryo
Authors: Muchow Michael , Bossis Ioannis , Porter Tom E
Published: January 2005

Increased thyroid hormone production is essential for hatching of the chick and for the increased metabolism necessary for posthatch endothermic life. However, little is known about the ontogeny and distribution of pituitary thyrotrophs during this period or whether pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) production is regulated by endogenous thyroid hormones during chick embryonic development. This study assessed the abundance and location of pituitary thyrotrophs and the regulation of TSHβ peptide and mRNA levels by endogenous thyroid hormones prior to hatching. TSHβ-containing cells were first detected on embryonic day (e) 11, and the thyrotroph population increased to maximum levels on e17 and e19 and then decreased prior to hatching (d1). Thyrotroph distribution within the cephalic lobe of the anterior pituitary was determined on e19 by whole-mount immunocytochemistry for TSHβ peptide and by whole-mount in situ hybridization for TSHβ mRNA. Thyrotroph distribution within the cephalic lobe was heterogeneous among embryos, but most commonly extended from the ventral medial region to the dorsal lateral regions, along the boundary of the cephalic and caudal lobes. Inhibition of endogenous thyroid hormone production with methi-mazole (MMI) decreased plasma thyroxine (T4) levels and increased pituitary TSHβ mRNA levels on e19 and d1. However, control pituitaries contained significantly more TSHβ peptide than MMI-treated pituitaries on e17 and e19, suggesting higher TSH secretion into the blood in MMI-treated groups. We conclude that thyrotroph abundance and TSH production increase prior to hatching, that thyrotrophs are localized heterogenenously within the cephalic lobe of the anterior pituitary at that time, and that TSH gene expression and secretion are under negative feedback regulation from thyroid hormones during this critical period of development.
Tetrahydrogestrinone induces a genomic signature typical of a potent anabolic steroid
Authors: Labrie Fernand , Luu-The Van , Calvo Ezequiel , Martel Céline , Cloutier Julie , Gauthier Sylvain , Belleau Pascal , Morissette Jean , Lévesque Marie-Hélène , Labrie Claude
Published: January 2005

Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) is a recently identified compound having the greatest impact in the world of sports. In order to obtain a highly accurate and sensitive assessment of the potential anabolic/androgenic activity of THG, we have used microarrays to identify its effect on the expression of practically all the 30 000 genes in the mouse genome and compared it with the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most potent natural androgen. Quite remarkably, we found that 671 of the genes modulated by THG in the mouse muscle levator ani are modulated in a similar fashion by DHT, while in the gastrocnemius muscle and prostate, 95 and 939 genes respectively, are modulated in common by the two steroids. On the other hand, THG is more potent than DHT in binding to the androgen receptor, while, under in vivo conditions, THG possesses 20% of the potency of DHT in stimulating prostate, seminal vesicle and levator ani muscle weight in the mouse. The present microarray data provide an extremely precise and unquestionable signature of the androgenic/anabolic activity of THG, an approach which should apply to the analysis of the activity of any anabolic steroid.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve Primary Care for Patients and Clinicians
Authors: Sarkar Urmimala , Bates David W.
Published: February 2024

This Viewpoint discusses how artificial intelligence can be used to increase efficiency of primary care processes for clinicians and patients.
Emergency Department Use Disparities Among Transgender and Cisgender Medicare Beneficiaries, 2011-2020
Authors: Babbs Gray , Hughto Jaclyn M. W. , Shireman Theresa I. , Meyers David J.
Published: February 2024

This cross-sectional study compares emergency department use among transgender and gender-diverse as well as cisgender Medicare beneficiaries.
Trends in AVM-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage in the United States, 2000-2019
Authors: Giantini-Larsen Alexandra , Zhang Cenai , Stieg Philip , Kamel Hooman
Published: February 2024

This cross-sectional study examines whether there has been a significant change in the annual incidence of arteriovenous malformation (AVM)–associated intracranial hemorrhage among US adults over the past 2 decades.
Foster Care Involvement Among Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Shea Lindsay , Villodas Melissa L. , Ventimiglia Jonas , Wilson Amy Blank , Cooper Dylan
Published: February 2024

Importance

Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) are more likely to be placed in foster care than other youth. Examining the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of youth with I/DD in the foster care system is critical for identifying disparities and understanding service needs.

Objective

To produce a population-level analysis of youth with I/DD in foster care that examines differences in rates of foster care involvement based on race, ethnicity, age, and sex.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study involved all individuals with I/DD 21 years and younger enrolled in Medicaid through foster care in 2016 via data from Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) for all 50 US states and Washington, DC. As a key insurer of I/DD services and foster care, Medicaid claims offer a timely population-level analysis. Youth with I/DD were grouped into diagnostic subgroups: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) only, intellectual disability only, or ASD and ID. The data analysis took place from July 2022 to September 2023.

Exposure

TAF data contain Medicaid enrollment information by month with a binary indicator of foster care involvement, and eligibility files identify race, ethnicity, age, and sex.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The period prevalence of foster care involvement was determined among I/DD youth by diagnostic subgroups using an intersectional approach across race, ethnicity, age, and sex. Logistic regression examined associations between risk for foster care involvement and race, ethnicity, age, and sex.

Results

A total of 39 143 youth with I/DD had foster care involvement in 2016. Black youth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.28-1.47) and females (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.1-1.27) had increased likelihood for foster care involvement. The likelihood for foster care involvement increased with age in all groups relative to the age group 0 to 5 years old.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that among youth with I/DD, Black youth and females faced higher risk for foster care involvement, and the likelihood of foster care involvement increased with age. There is an urgent need for research that focuses on addressing system-level factors that drive increased risk. Understanding the specific health needs of Black and female youth with I/DD is critical to ensure the formation, implementation, and monitoring of equitable delivery of health services.
Assessing quality assurance of multi‐leaf collimator using the structural similarity index
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhang Baoshe , Lasio Giovanni , Chen Shifeng , Nasehi Tehrani Joubin
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the viability of utilizing the Structural Similarity Index (SSI*) as an innovative imaging metric for quality assurance (QA) of the multi‐leaf collimator (MLC). Additionally, we compared the results obtained through SSI* with those derived from a conventional Gamma index test for three types of Varian machines (Trilogy, Truebeam, and Edge) over a 12‐week period of MLC QA in our clinic.

Method

To assess sensitivity to MLC positioning errors, we designed a 1 cm slit on the reference MLC, subsequently shifted by 0.5–5 mm on the target MLC. For evaluating sensitivity to output error, we irradiated five 25 cm × 25 cm open fields on the portal image with varying Monitor Units (MUs) of 96–100. We compared SSI* and Gamma index tests using three linear accelerator (LINAC) machines: Varian Trilogy, Truebeam, and Edge, with MLC leaf widths of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 mm. Weekly QA included VMAT and static field modes, with Picket fence test images acquired. Mechanical uncertainties related to the LINAC head, electronic portal imaging device (EPID), and MLC during gantry rotation and leaf motion were monitored.

Results

The Gamma index test started detecting the MLC shift at a threshold of 4 mm, whereas the SSI* metric showed sensitivity to shifts as small as 2 mm. Moreover, the Gamma index test identified dose changes at 95MUs, indicating a 5% dose difference based on the distance to agreement (DTA)/dose difference (DD) criteria of 1 mm/3%. In contrast, the SSI* metric alerted to dose differences starting from 97MUs, corresponding to a 3% dose difference. The Gamma index test passed all measurements conducted on each machine. However, the SSI* metric rejected all measurements from the Edge and Trilogy machines and two from the Truebeam.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that the SSI* exhibits greater sensitivity than the Gamma index test in detecting MLC positioning errors and dose changes between static and VMAT modes. The SSI* metric outperformed the Gamma index test regarding sensitivity across these parameters.
“What if…?”: Vividness and frequency of counterfactual thinking in survivors of terrorism
Authors: Undset Andrea , Jensen Tine K. , Dyb Grete , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Blix Ines
Published: February 2024

After traumatic experiences, it is common to think about alternative scenarios or outcomes of the event. This is often referred to as counterfactual thoughts (CFT), and CFT after trauma have been associated with posttraumatic stress reactions (PTSR). In this study, we aimed to: (1) investigate the relationship between the vividness and frequency of CFT and PTSR, and to (2) examine the associations between exposure, peri‐traumatic reactions, physical injury and the loss of someone close, and the subsequent vividness and frequency of CFT. The participants (N = 289) were survivors of a terror attack in Norway. More vivid and frequent CFT were significantly and independently related to more PTSR. Exposure during trauma was significantly associated with more vivid CFT in the unadjusted regression model. No further significant relationships were found between exposure, peri‐traumatic reactions, physical injury and the loss of someone close, and the vividness and frequency of CFT. As CFT are common after trauma and potentially cause distress, clinicians should identify and validate CFT, and provide coping assistance.
High‐Strength Self‐Healable Supercapacitor Based on Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogel with Upper Critical Solubility Temperature
Authors: Elashnikov Roman , Khrystonko Olena , Jilková Tereza , Rimpelová Silvie , Prchal Jan , Khalakhan Ivan , Kolská Zdeňka , Švorčík Václav , Lyutakov Oleksiy
Published: February 2024

Here, poly(N‐acryloylglycinamide‐co‐vinyltriazole) p(NAGA‐co‐VTZ) supramolecular polymer hydrogel doped with carbonized and activated polypyrrole nanotubes as a high‐strength self‐healable material is presented for supercapacitors. Initially, the p(NAGA‐co‐VTZ) hydrogel films are synthesized by photopolymerization of N‐acryloylglycinamide and 1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole without the use of any cross‐linkers. The hydrogels demonstrated remarkable self‐healing ability via hydrogen bonding at temperatures above upper critical solubility temperature, excellent mechanical properties (0.86 MPa), large stretchability (1300%) and cut resistance. Subsequently, carbonized and ethanol/KOH‐activated polypyrrole nanotubes (acNTs) are prepared as the active material for electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLC). Then, a symmetric self‐healable supercapacitor employing p(NAGA‐co‐VTZ) hydrogel, acNTs and aqueous 3 m KCl solution is assembled. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements show that the prepared device gives a specific capacitance of 282.62 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and a high areal capacitance of 316.86 mF cm−2 at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1. Importantly, the supercapacitor operates over a wide voltage window (0–1.2 V) and provides excellent cyclic performance with capacitance retention of 97% after 10 000 cycles and 94% after self‐healing. In summary, the developed self‐healable supercapacitor exhibits considerable potential as a high‐performance energy storage device.
A Novel BST@TPU Membrane with Superior UV Durability for Highly Efficient Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Li Xin , Pattelli Lorenzo , Ding Zhenmin , Chen Mingjun , Zhao Tao , Li Yao , Xu Hongbo , Pan Lei , Zhao Jiupeng
Published: February 2024

Passive radiative cooling technologies play an integral role in advancing sustainable development. While the potential of polymer‐based radiative cooling materials is increasingly recognized, they often degrade under prolonged ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, which undermines both their mechanical and radiative cooling performance. To address this challenge, a coaxial electrospinning method to prepare a BST@TPU membrane, with a core layer of strontium barium titanate nanorods (BST NRs) and a shell layer of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is employed. Capitalizing on the UV absorption and free radical adsorption properties of BST NRs, the UV stability of the TPU membrane is significantly increased. Additionally, the inclusion of high refractive index BST NRs compensates for the decrease in reflectivity caused by their UV absorption. After 216 h of continuous 0.7 kW m−2 UV irradiation, the BST@TPU membrane, which initially exhibits a reflectance of 97.2%, demonstrated a modest decline to 92.1%. Its net radiative cooling power maintains 85.78 W m−2 from the initial of 125.21 W m−2, extending the useful lifetime of the TPU membrane threefold. This innovation extends promise for enhancing the efficiency and durability of radiative cooling materials, contributing to sustainable cooling solutions across various applications.
Shielding‐Anchoring Double Protection Tactics of Imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine Additive for Ultrastable Zinc Anode
Authors: Gu Xingxing , Du Yixun , Ren Xiaolei , Ma Fengcan , Zhang Xianfu , Li Meng , Wang Qinghong , Zhang Long , Lai Chao , Zhang Shanqing
Published: February 2024

Aqueous zinc‐based energy storage devices have competitive advantages such as high power density, good safety, and wide source. However, because of the direct touch among zinc anode and aqueous electrolyte, dendrite growth and electrode side reactions are easy to occur in the plating and striping process, which seriously hinders the further development of aqueous zinc‐based energy storage devices. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the above problems to expand the existing energy storage devices. In this work, by adding an imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine (IP) electrolyte additive, the dendrites' growth and corrosion on the zinc anode surface could be effectively inhibited by the shielding‐anchoring double effects, which are verified by the comprehensive in situ and ex situ characterization techniques as well as the theoretical calculation support. Accordingly, the IP‐based electrolyte encourages extremely high stable zinc anode (cycling 2200 h at 1 mA cm−2) with high average Coulombic efficiency (98.72%). Moreover, the IP‐based Zn‐V2O5 full battery also exhibits excellent reversible capacity, reaching 160.8 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 2 A g−1. Through a straightforward alteration to the Zn anode surface, this study considerably enhances the use of highly stable and secure aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Self‐Enhancement of Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Proton Exchange Membrane with Its Own Nanofibers
Authors: Zeng Lingping , Lu Xiaoli , Yuan Caili , Yuan Wei , Chen Ke , Guo Jingying , Zhang Xiaoxi , Wang Jianchuan , Liao Qiang , Wei Zidong
Published: February 2024

High‐performance proton exchange membrane (PEM) is crucial for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Herein, a novel “self‐enhanced” PEM is fabricated for the first time, which is composed of perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) resin and its own nanofibers as reinforcement. With this strategy, the interfacial compatibility issue of conventional fiber‐reinforced membranes is fully addressed and up to 80 wt% loading of PFSA nanofibers can be incorporated. Furthermore, on account of chain orientation within the PFSA nanofiber, single fiber exhibits super‐high conductivity of 1.45 S cm−1, leading to state‐of‐the‐art proton conductivity (1.1 S cm−1) of the as‐prepared “self‐enhanced” PEM so far, which is an order of magnitude increase compared with the bulk PFSA membrane (0.29 S cm−1). It surpasses any commercial PEM including the popular GORE‐SELECT and Nafion HP membranes and is the only PEM with conductivity at 100 S cm−1 level. In addition, the mechanical strength and swelling ratio of membranes are both substantially improved simultaneously. Based on the high‐performance “self‐enhanced” PEM, high peak power densities of up to 3.6 W cm−2 and 1.7 W cm−2 are achieved in H2‐O2 and H2‐Air fuel cells, respectively. This strategy can be applied in any polymeric electrolyte membrane.
The Uridylyl Transferase TUT7‐Mediated Accumulation of Exosomal miR‐1246 Reprograms TAMs to Support CRC Progression
Authors: Feng Yifei , Jin Chi , Wang Tuo , Chen Zhihao , Ji Dongjian , Zhang Yue , Zhang Chuan , Zhang Dongsheng , Peng Wen , Sun Yueming
Published: February 2024

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in promoting tumor growth and dissemination, motivating a search for key targets to interfere with the activation of TAMs or reprogram TAMs into the tumor‐suppressive type. To gain insight into the mechanisms of macrophage polarization, a designed co‐culture system is established, allowing for the education of macrophages in a manner that closely mimics the intricacies of TAMs in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Through database mining, exosomal miR‐1246 is identified and is then validated. Exosomal miR‐1246‐driven polarization of TAMs disrupts the infiltration and function of CD8+ T cells. Mechanically, the amassment of exosomal miR‐1246 stems from TUT7‐mediated degradation of small noncoding RNA, a process stabilized by SNRPB, but not the precursor of miR‐1246. Moreover, an Exo‐motif is present in the exosomal miR‐1246 sequence, enabling it to bind with the exosomal sorting protein hnRNPA2B1. RNA‐seq analysis reveals that exogenous miR‐1246 modulates the polarization of TAMs at a post‐transcriptional level, emphasizing the pivotal role of the NLRP3 in macrophage polarization. In conclusion, the findings underscore the importance of exosomal miR‐1246 as a trigger of macrophage reprogramming and uncover a novel mechanism for its enhanced presence in the TIME.
Radiotherapy‐Induced Astrocyte Senescence Promotes an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma to Facilitate Tumor Regrowth
Authors: Ji Jianxiong , Ding Kaikai , Cheng Bo , Zhang Xin , Luo Tao , Huang Bin , Yu Hao , Chen Yike , Xu Xiaohui , Lin Haopu , Zhou Jiayin , Wang Tingtin , Jin Mengmeng , Liu Aixia , Yan Danfang , Liu Fuyi , Wang Chun , Chen Jingsen , Yan Feng , Wang Lin , Zhang Jianmin , Yan Senxiang , Wang Jian , Li Xingang , Chen Gao
Published: February 2024

Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in the tumor microenvironment caused by radiotherapy are closely related to the recurrence of glioma. However, the mechanisms by which such radiation‐induced changes are involved in tumor regrowth have not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, how cranial irradiation‐induced senescence in non‐neoplastic brain cells contributes to glioma progression is explored. It is observed that senescent brain cells facilitated tumor regrowth by enhancing the peripheral recruitment of myeloid inflammatory cells in glioblastoma. Further, it is identified that astrocytes are one of the most susceptible senescent populations and that they promoted chemokine secretion in glioma cells via the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype. By using senolytic agents after radiotherapy to eliminate these senescent cells substantially prolonged survival time in preclinical models. The findings suggest the tumor‐promoting role of senescent astrocytes in the irradiated glioma microenvironment and emphasize the translational relevance of senolytic agents for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy in gliomas.
Detection of Blood Clots Using a Whole Stent as an Active Implantable Biosensor
Authors: Kirimi Mahmut Talha , Hoare Daniel , Holsgrove Michael , Czyzewski Jakup , Mirzai Nosrat , Mercer John R. , Neale Steve L.
Published: February 2024

Many cardiovascular problems stem from blockages that form within the vasculature and often treatment includes fitting a stent through percutaneous coronary intervention. This offers a minimally invasive therapy but re‐occlusion through restenosis or thrombosis formation often occurs post‐deployment. Research is ongoing into the creation of smart stents that can detect the occurrence of further problems. In this study, it is shown that selectively metalizing a non‐conductive stent can create a set of electrodes that are capable of detecting a build‐up of material around the stent. The associated increase in electrical impedance across the electrodes is measured, testing the stent with blood clot to mimic thrombosis. It is shown that the device is capable of sensing different amounts of occlusion. The stent can reproducibly sense the presence of clot showing a 16% +/−3% increase in impedance which is sufficient to reliably detect the clot when surrounded by explanted aorta (one samplet‐test,p= 0.009,n= 9). It is demonstrated that this approach can be extended beyond the 3D printed prototypes by showing that it can be applied to a commercially available stent and it is believed that it can be further utilized by other types of medical implants.
Botulinum Neurotoxin Induces Neurotoxic Microglia Mediated by Exogenous Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Ambrin Ghuncha , Kang You Jung , Van Do Khanh , Lee Charles , Singh Bal Ram , Cho Hansang
Published: February 2024

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is widely used in therapeutics and cosmetics. The effects of multi‐dosed BoNT/A treatment are well documented on the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but much less is known on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, the mechanism of multi‐dosed BoNT/A leading to CNS neurodegeneration is explored by using the 3D human neuron‐glia model. BoNT/A treatment reduces acetylcholine, triggers astrocytic transforming growth factor beta, and upregulates C1q, C3, and C5 expression, inducing microglial proinflammation. The disintegration of the neuronal microtubules is escorted by microglial nitric oxide, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 8. The microglial proinflammation eventually causes synaptic impairment, phosphorylated tau (pTau) aggregation, and the loss of the BoNT/A‐treated neurons. Taking a more holistic approach, the model will allow to assess therapeutics for the CNS neurodegeneration under the prolonged use of BoNT/A.
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound‐Driven Nanomotor for Effective Ferroptosis‐Immunotherapy of TNBC
Authors: Yu Xiangrong , Li Xuejing , Chen Qingwang , Wang Siyu , Xu Ruizhe , He Ying , Qin Xifeng , Zhang Jun , Yang Wuli , Shi Leming , Lu Ligong , Zheng Yuanting , Pang Zhiqing , Peng Shaojun
Published: February 2024

The heterogeneity of triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBC) remains challenging for various treatments. Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of cell death resulting from the unrestrained peroxidation of phospholipids, represents a potential vulnerability in TNBC. In this study, a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)‐driven nanomotor is developed for effective therapy of TNBC through induction of ferroptosis. Through bioinformatics analysis of typical ferroptosis‐associated genes in the FUSCCTNBC dataset, gambogic acid is identified as a promising ferroptosis drug and loaded it into the nanomotor. It is found that the rapid motion of nanomotors propelled by HIFU significantly enhanced tumor accumulation and penetration. More importantly, HIFU not only actuated nanomotors to trigger effective ferroptosis of TNBC cells, but also drove nanomotors to activate ferroptosis‐mediated antitumor immunity in primary and metastatic TNBC models, resulting in effective tumor regression and prevention of metastases. Overall, HIFU‐driven nanomotors show great potential for ferroptosis‐immunotherapy of TNBC.
Deciphering Membrane‐Protein Interactions and High‐Throughput Antigen Identification with Cell Doublets
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Wang Zhe , Yang Juan , Lei Xiaobo , Liu Yisu , Frankiw Luke , Wang Jianwei , Li Guideng
Published: February 2024

Deciphering cellular interactions is essential to both understand the mechanisms underlying a broad range of human diseases, but also to manipulate therapies targeting these diseases. Here, the formation of cell doublets resulting from specific membrane ligand‐receptor interactions is discovered. Based on this phenomenon, the study developed DoubletSeeker, a novel high‐throughput method for the reliable identification of ligand‐receptor interactions. The study shows that DoubletSeeker can accurately identify T cell receptor (TCR)‐antigen interactions with high sensitivity and specificity. Notably, DoubletSeeker effectively captured paired TCR‐peptide major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) information during a highly complex library‐on‐library screening and successfully identified three mutant TCRs that specifically recognize the MART‐1 epitope. In turn, DoubletSeeker can act as an antigen discovery platform that allows for the development of novel immunotherapy targets, making it valuable for investigating fundamental tumor immunology.
Self‐Reinforced Bimetallic Mito‐Jammer for Ca2+ Overload‐Mediated Cascade Mitochondrial Damage for Cancer Cuproptosis Sensitization
Authors: Du Chier , Guo Xun , Qiu Xiaoling , Jiang Weixi , Wang Xiaoting , An Hongjin , Wang Jingxue , Luo Yuanli , Du Qianying , Wang Ruoyao , Cheng Chen , Guo Yuan , Teng Hua , Ran Haitao , Wang Zhigang , Li Pan , Zhou Zhiyi , Ren Jianli
Published: February 2024

Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), metal ion accumulation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle collapse are crucial factors in mitochondria‐mediated cell death. However, the highly adaptive nature and damage‐repair capabilities of malignant tumors strongly limit the efficacy of treatments based on a single treatment mode. To address this challenge, a self‐reinforced bimetallic Mito‐Jammer is developed by incorporating doxorubicin (DOX) and calcium peroxide (CaO2) into hyaluronic acid (HA) ‐modified metal‐organic frameworks (MOF). After cellular, Mito‐Jammer dissociates into CaO2 and Cu2+ in the tumor microenvironment. The exposed CaO2 further yields hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Ca2+ in a weakly acidic environment to strengthen the Cu2+‐based Fenton‐like reaction. Furthermore, the combination of chemodynamic therapy and Ca2+ overload exacerbates ROS storms and mitochondrial damage, resulting in the downregulation of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and blocking of Cu‐ATPase to sensitize cuproptosis. This multilevel interaction strategy also activates robust immunogenic cell death and suppresses tumor metastasis simultaneously. This study presents a multivariate model for revolutionizing mitochondria damage, relying on the continuous retention of bimetallic ions to boost cuproptosis/immunotherapy in cancer.
Myofibrillogenesis Regulator‐1 Regulates the Ubiquitin Lysosomal Pathway of Notch3 Intracellular Domain Through E3 Ubiquitin‐Protein Ligase Itchy Homolog in the Metastasis of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhao Wenxia , Li Yang , Cheng Hanzeng , Wang Mengyan , Zhang Zhishuo , Cai Meilian , Zhao Cong , Xi Xiaoming , Zhao Xiaojun , Zhao Wuli , Yang Yajun , Shao Rongguang
Published: February 2024

Myofibrillogenesis regulator‐1 (MR‐1) is a multifunctional protein involved in the development of various human tumors. The study is the first to report the promoting effect of MR‐1 on the development and metastasis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MR‐1 is upregulated in NSCLC and positively associated with poor prognosis. The overexpression of MR‐1 promotes the metastasis of NSCLC cells by stabilizing the expression of Notch3‐ICD (NICD3) in the cytoplasm through enrichment analysis, in vitro and in vivo experimental researches. And Notch3 signaling can upregulate many genes related to metastasis. The stabilizing effect of MR‐1 on NICD3 is achieved through the mono‐ubiquitin lysosomal pathway and the specific E3 ubiquitin ligase is Itchy homolog (ITCH). There is a certain interaction between MR‐1 and NICD3. Elevated MR‐1 can affect the level of ITCH phosphorylation, reduce its E3 enzyme activity, and thus lead to reduce the ubiquitination and degradation of NICD3. Interference with the interaction between MR‐1 and NICD3 can increase the degradation of NICD3 and impair the metastatic ability of NSCLC cells, which is a previously overlooked treatment option in NSCLC. In summary, interference with the interaction between MR‐1 and NICD3 in the progression of lung cancer may be a promising therapeutic target.