bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drépanocytose
Authors: Gay Marie-Claire , Oudin Doglioni Damien , Lehougre Marie-Pierre
Published: January 2021

La drépanocytose est la maladie génétique la plus répandue au monde et l'on estime à 300 000 le nombre de naissances d'enfants drépanocytaires chaque année. Elle est présente sur l'ensemble du continent africain (à l'exception de l'Afrique du Sud), le pourtour méditerranéen, l'Inde et le Moyen-Orient. Les populations caribéennes et américaines du sud et notamment brésiliennes sont également concernées, de même que toutes celles qui se sont construites sur les déplacements de population lors de l'esclavage ou les courants migratoires. En France, elle est la première maladie génétique, avec un taux de 1 naissance sur 780 en 2010 en Île-de-France La drépanocytose est responsable, aujourd'hui encore, du décès d'un enfant drépanocytaire sur deux avant 5 ans dans de nombreux pays en voie de développement. La mise en place du dépistage néonatal et l'administration d'une antibioprophylaxie chez les bébés découverts malades, a permis de faire chuter le taux de mortalité à 2% dans les pays industrialisés.
Ajustement psychoclinique de l’adulte et de l’enfant dans le champ de l’oncologie
Authors: Vander Haegen Marie , Stassart Céline , Tilkin Caroline , Grégoire Charlotte , Flahault Cécile
Published: January 2021

L'expérience de la maladie cancéreuse demeure une épreuve bouleversante tant pour le patient que pour ses proches affectant diverses sphères (psychologique, sociale, affective) et plusieurs aspects de leur vie. La psycho-oncologie constitue aujourd'hui un corpus significatif de connaissances empiriques et cliniques permettant de s'intéresser aux difficultés et problématiques liées à la maladie cancéreuse ainsi qu'aux différentes interventions influençant positivement l'ajustement psychologique du patient ou de ses proches. Les travaux en psycho-oncologie s'intéressent également à l'impact psychologique du cancer où l'on retrouve plusieurs angles cliniques de recherche telle que l'impact du cancer sur la qualité de vie du patient ou de ses proches ou encore l'impact physique, psychologique ou psychiatrique du cancer; ceux-ci pouvant se rencontrer tant dans la phase active des traitements que durant la phase de rémission et de l'après-traitement. Le cancer de l'adulte et de l'enfant se distingue d'un point de vue étiologique, médico-clinique et des protocoles de soins mis en place. Cependant, l'expérience du cancer exige tant chez le patient que chez ses proches un ajustement et un processus continu d'adaptation à la réalité du cancer et de l'après-cancer.
La sclérose en plaques
Authors: Article collectif .
Published: January 2021

La sclérose en plaques (SEP) touche environ 60 000 personnes en France. Elle est diagnostiquée généralement entre 20 et 35 ans, avec un ratio de 2,4 femmes pour 1,5 homme. Après le traumatisme physique, elle constitue la principale cause de handicap chez le jeune adulte. C'est une maladie auto-immune chronique qui se caractérise par son action démyélinisante, à savoir la destruction de la gaine de myéline (gaine entourant les nerfs et facilitant la transmission de l'influx nerveux) provocant un ralentissement, voire un blocage de la conduction nerveuse. Les symptômes sont hétérogènes et différents selon les zones de démyélinisation. Ils comprennent des déficiences physiques (expériences de faiblesse musculaire, difficultés d'équilibre et de coordination, handicaps au niveau de la marche), cognitives (difficultés de concentration, d'attention, de mémoire) et neurologiques, avec une évolution démentielle possible. Dans la mesure où la SEP est diagnostiquée jeune, que son évolution est variable et imprévisible, elle va avoir un fort retentissement à tous les niveaux de la vie de la personne concernée, dans sa vie privée, professionnelle et socio-relationnelle. Symptôme invisible, la fatigue est l'un des symptômes les plus fréquemment rapportés dans la SEP, et ce dès le début de la maladie: jusqu'à 86% des personnes atteintes de SEP éprouvent de la fatigue à un moment donné de leur parcours et 65% la considèrent comme l'un des trois symptômes les plus invalidants, devant les troubles de la marche et de l'équilibre et les troubles génito-sphinctériens. La fatigue est souvent la cause d'un arrêt précoce de l'activité professionnelle. Le poids des symptômes, visibles et invisibles, l'incertitude, l'imprévisibilité des poussées et le risque de séquelles, sont autant de sources d'anxiété et font le creuset des troubles psychiques, en particulier de la dépression. Sur le plan psychologique, plus de la moitié des patients a fait au moins un épisode dépressif et les troubles anxieux touchent entre un tiers et la moitié de la population. Dans ce chapitre, nous présenterons deux programmes d'intervention en cours d'étude: un programme de gestion de la fatigue et un programme d'activité physique plus polyvalent dans ses objectifs. Nous nous intéresserons également au problème complexe de la dépression et des difficultés diagnostiques dans cette pathologie.
Vulnérabilité et intelligence artificielle
Authors: DE MONTERA Béatrice
Published: January 2021

L’intelligence artificielle va devoir relever des défis pour l’instant inatteignables lorsqu’elle se trouve face aux personnes humaines les plus vulnérables. Comment pallier d’un point de vue éthique les risques qui surviennent en termes de manipulation de ces personnes ? Seule une éthique qui applique la contre-utilité et qui écarterait les plus vulnérables, lors du choix des volontaires pour tester les nouvelles solutions technologiques, pourra respecter la vulnérabilité humaine.
Intelligence artificielle, fracture numérique et vulnérabilité sociale
Authors: PLASSE BOUTEYRE Christine
Published: January 2021

Il s’agira dans cette contribution d’envisager de quelle manière les «nouveaux univers numériques» et les compétences qu’ils supposent ainsi que les pratiques d’intelligence artificielle et leur appropriation, plus ou moins facilitée, par les individus et les groupes sociaux, peuvent amplifier voire reproduire des mécanismes et tendances lourdes de nos sociétés contemporaines. Nous envisagerons de traiter une facette particulière de cette réalité, à savoir, le lien entre société du numérique et vulnérabilité sociale. Nous essayerons de pointer de quelle manière les inégalités numériques reproduiraient la fracture sociale, les inégalités sociales existantes et des formes variées de précarité et de vulnérabilité.
Demain, quelles IA pour quelle humanité ?
Authors: PIATTI Marie-Christine
Published: January 2021

«La démocratie ce n’est pas la loi de la majorité mais la protection de la minorité» (A. Camus). Il revient au législateur de prendre en compte un ensemble de principes et de valeurs qui ouvrent la voie à un avenir bénéfique pour tous, donc qui vise le «bien commun».
« La grand-mère et le téléphone »
Authors: PIATTI Marie-Christine
Published: January 2021

L’image qu’on a habituellement du virtuel – quelque chose de désincarné et froid – est ici remise en cause par le récit de Proust. On voit à quel point le virtuel peut constituer un substitut très précieux. Grâce à la voix… La voix, comme le montre Merleau-Ponty dans Le Visible et l’invisible est un vecteur émotionnel et corporel très puissant~: «Ma voix est liée à la masse de ma vie comme ne l’est la voix de personne d’autre». Elle restitue la présence de l’autre. Et on n’en a jamais eu autant besoin à un moment d’éloignement des corps et de la raréfaction des contacts. Le virtuel peut donc être émouvant
La vulnérabilité, une notion complexe à manier avec précaution
Authors: IACONO Geneviève
Published: January 2021

La vulnérabilité, cette condition essentielle de notre humanité entre en tension avec l’autonomie de la personne et du principe de dignité. Indissociable de la montée des nouveaux risques sanitaires, climatiques, politiques et technologiques, le concept de vulnérabilité tend à irriguer les politiques publiques et à s’imposer comme un référentiel largement mobilisé dans les textes juridiques contemporains.
Vieillissement et handicap : Analyse croisée de deux vulnérabilités
Authors: ROUSSET Guillaume
Published: January 2021

Lorsque l'on veut réfléchir sur la notion de vulnérabilité, le cas des personnes handicapées vieillissantes est particulièrement intéressant car il se caractérise par le cumul des dépendances. Il s'agit ici d'en présenter les principaux enjeux et interrogations.
Le numérique et le droit à la rencontre des personnes âgées
Authors: POULLET Yves
Published: January 2021

Le numérique constitue-t-il, pour les personnes âgées, une opportunité d'ouverture au monde et de santé augmentée ou, au contraire, un facteur d'exclusion, de manipulation et de surveillance? Comment le droit aborde ou devrait-il aborder ces défis ?
Digitalisation et personnes âgées
Authors: COPAIN-HERITIER Carine
Published: January 2021

Si le droit français reconnaît l’autodétermination informationnelle, cette reconnaissance est limitée en cas de vulnérabilité face au digital. Plusieurs pistes de réflexion permettant de renforcer la maitrise des données personnelles sont dès lors à explorer.
De la responsabilité en cas de dommages causés aux personnes âgées par les robots
Authors: VIOLET Franck
Published: January 2021

A qui, … à quoi la faute? Les personnes âgées vulnérables sont de plus en plus en relation avec les intelligences artificielles sous les formes les plus variées. Cette évolution sociétale s’accompagne immanquablement d’accidents d’une très grande hétérogénéité. Comment se comporte alors notre Droit de la responsabilité civile? Retour sur le vieux triptyque faute, dommage, lien de causalité lorsque les personnes âgées font face aux robots.
Protection de la liberté et de la fragilité de la personne face au robot
Authors: BOUCAUD Pascale
Published: January 2021

Le cadre de vie de la personne âgée, quel qu’il soit, est de plus en plus connecté à des techniques numériques diversifiées. En dépit de l’apport incontestable de ces nouvelles techniques, des risques sont d’ores et déjà à souligner. De nombreuses déclarations ont vu le jour, en faveur d’une IA éthique, responsable et respectueuse des droits de la personne. Sont principalement concernés le principe de dignité humaine, de liberté du consentement, le droit au respect de la vie privée, la protection des données personnelles. Ces droits fondamentaux ne sont pas négociables et encore moins optionnels. C’est pourquoi, nous tenterons dans cet article, de mesurer l’effectivité de certains de ces droits et libertés pour la personne âgée confrontée à la robotisation.
RFID based Authorization Method for Computer Systems in Smart Library Environments
Authors: BAYĞIN Mehmet , YAMAN Orhan , TOPUZ Arif Cem , KALELİ Salih Serkan
Published: January 2021

In recent years, intelligent systems have emerged with the concept of the Internet of Things. The purpose of intelligent systems is to use technological innovations to improve the quality of life of people. Smart systems are now being used almost everywhere. Concepts such as smart city, smart classroom, smart library, smart hospital and smart transportation have emerged. With the cameras, sensors and many other devices used in smart systems, data from the environment can be analyzed and remote control operations can be performed. In this study, RFID based authorization system has been developed in the publicly available computers used in smart libraries. In many places, as in universities, there are common computers or laboratory devices that can be used by everyone. The aim of this study is to ensure the common use of devices belonging to common use against existing users. The devices are controlled by an RFID based system developed for these devices. Using the ID cards of the students or staff, the person is authorized to use the devices for the defined period of time. This study has two main contributions. First, a modular system compatible with all electronic devices except the computer has been made by using RFID technology. The second is to provide a more efficient working environment by ensuring fair use of computers and other devices accessible.
Antenna Selection and Detection Performance on Correlation Based Detection Systems
Authors: ILGIN Fatih Yavuz
Published: January 2021

The increase data size transmitted in digital communication systems necessitates the use of high-capacity communication channels for the transmission of these data. To increase the channel capacity, MIMO systems are widely used. Antenna selection in MIMO systems is very important for efficient use of communication sources. Cognitive Radio systems generally aim to increase spectrum efficiency by using MIMO systems. Therefore, Cognitive Radio must find empty spectrum regions with spectrum detection methods. Spectrum detection performance is related to the antenna numbers in MIMO systems. Therefore, this study examines the effect of antenna numbers on detection performance in correlation-based detection method. Thanks to this study, the relationship between channel capacity, detection performance and antenna number for MIMO systems was investigated.
A Image Enhancement Method For Night-Way Images
Authors: TURAN Bülent
Published: January 2021

Image processing has a wide range of applications especially in our daily lives. Image processing is not common in sensitive industrial applications. Because of these applications, very high percentage of success is requested. Also these applications work in real-time. However, it can be widely used in many daily routines (driving, entrance to the workplace/ exit, control of multimedia devices, security applications, identification applications, etc.). Especially Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is a popular working area for image processing. Strip tracking systems, pedestrian detection systems, reading of traffic signs and signals are based on image processing.
In this study, a new method has been developed to increase the visibility levels of road images at night driving. In these images, the brightness level is low because of insufficient of light sources (headlights and road lighting) which are often used to increase the driver's view. On the other hand, adversely affects the view of driver which the headlight of coming vehicles from opposite directions, poorly structured road lighting and etc. Especially the vehicle headlights coming from the opposite direction take the eye of the drivers and cause the level of view to decrease.
Intense dark areas and light sources are in the image together. By so, special to these images requires the use of an adaptive improvement method. This is because, when classical image enhancement methods are used, the visibility levels of the dark areas are increased, and the shining regions are more likely to shine and the visibility level decreases in these regions.
The developed method aims at enhancement these images that drivers be exposed to. For this purpose, the light sources in the image and the magnitudes of these light sources, the distance of the pixels to be calculated from the light sources, the value of the pixel itself and the neighboring pixels are used as separate parameters. Images are enhancement with the equations developed using these parameters. When the output images obtained with the use of the developed equations and the obtained Structural Similarity İndex Maps (SSIM) are examined, it is seen that the developed method gives good results.
Xavier Tilliette, la liberté et le fondement. Études sur Lequier et Schelling
Authors: Gilbert Paul
Published: January 2021

Xavier Tilliette, a French Jesuit, recognized for his expertise in the history of German idealism – Schelling in particular – taught in both Paris and Rome. He is also known for his studies in philosophical Christology. These two dimensions of his thought, both philosophical and theological, are united in a spiritual attitude that existentialist concern brought to philosophy. Schelling’s texts on evil offer him arguments to develop his thinking. This is born in the mentality of French reflexive analysis (Lequier). It is developed in France when Schelling’s studies multiplied there (Bruaire). It energizes his philosophical friendships with Italian philosophers such as Luigi Pareyson.
Philosophy and Psychology in the Service of the Catholic Faith: Paweł Siwek, SJ and His Legacy
Authors: Bremer Józef , Poznański Jacek
Published: January 2021

Fr. Paweł Siwek, SJ may be considered the only Polish Jesuit philosopher of the 20th century to have achieved worldwide recognition. This article surveys his work from a broad perspective reflecting philosophy, psychology and theology as pursued in Catholic circles in the 19th and 20th centuries. We review his achievements, while also offering an interpretation. We put forward the thesis that he found his own way of practising neo-Thomism in the spirit of Pope Leo XIII’s Aeterni Patris. To substantiate our claims, we first briefly sketch his biography, providing a synthetic overview of the relevant contexts for his philosophical oeuvre. We then identify his four main areas of interest: namely, the history of philosophy (combined with his translation activities), systematic philosophy (especially his work on the soul-body problem and Baruch Spinoza), the scientific psychology of religion and spirituality, and Christian apologetics in the face of world religions and spiritual movements. In our conclusion, we discuss the main traits of his intellectual work, along with its impact.
A Metafísica de Copleston e o Debate com Russell
Authors: Maar Alexander
Published: January 2021

Father Frederick Copleston is best known for his carefully crafted works History of Philosophy and Thomas Aquinas. Copleston’s most notable metaphysical thesis is his interpretation of the argument from contingency, which he sees as the superior choice for theists. He draws on Aquinas and distinguishes between causa fieri and causa esse to argue that God is a higher order (vertical) cause of contingent causal series (horizontal). Copleston presents God not as a temporal first cause, but an ontologically ultimate cause necessary to explain a contingent universe. His contribution changed the way we read Aquinas. Copleston’s willingness to debate his thesis with different philosophical perspectives is illustrated by his acceptance to discuss God’s existence with Bertrand Russell, in 1948. This BBC radio debate epitomises the dispute between theists and atheists from the 1940s onwards. I undertake to expound and comment Copleston’s contribution to metaphysics, present relevant parts of the debate and provide criticism.
Competing Narratives in the Russell-Copleston Debate
Authors: Lind Andreas Gonçalves , Nobre Bruno
Published: January 2021

In 1948, Bertrand Russell and Frederick Copleston entertained us with a radiophonic debate, on the BBC, concerning the rational proofs of God’s existence. This debate is primarily a product of Authors’ mindset. In this sense, every argument on each side presupposes a universal reason from which human intellect can grasp a certain degree of truth. Therefore, we would expect that the debate 75 years old to be outdated. Or maybe, Russell’s agnostic position could, at first sight, seem to be more aligned with a contemporary post-modern mindset than Copleston’s theism. However, we disagree with the aforementioned thesis. We will not argue that Copleston won the debate by means of reason alone. We will rather show that both positions emerge from different ontologies. And these ones are intertwined with specific narratives and its respective ways of life. For that matter, the Russell-Copleston debate substantiates the thesis of Radical Orthodoxy. Deep down, John Milbank’s “ontology of peace,” as opposed to the Nietzschean nihilism, emerges from this debate. In this sense, while Copleston’s argumentation grounds this narrative on an ontology of peace, Russell tends to follow in a nihilism capable of destroying the communion between different persons. In this sense, the debate is still up to date.
Discernment and Self-Appropriation: Ignatius of Loyola and Bernard Lonergan, S.J.
Authors: Byrne Patrick H.
Published: January 2021

Bernard Lonergan’s vocation as a Jesuit was central to his entire life’s work, although this is not well known. This essay shows the indebtedness of Lonergan’s method of self-appropriation owes a great deal to Ignatian spiritual practices. In particular, it shows how Ignatian prayer and Lonergan’s account of the structures of consciousness mutually enhance one another. In particular, it concentrates on how prayer is a transforming encounter between Christ and the one praying.
Jesuit Philosophy as a Way of Life: The Contributions of W. Norris Clarke and John F. Kavanaugh
Authors: Romero M. Ross
Published: January 2021

John F. Kavanaugh and W. Norris Clarke, two twentieth-century Jesuits, contributed to philosophy through their development of a Thomistic and personalist view of reality emphasizing the human endowments of knowing, freely choosing, and loving. While spiritual exercises played a role in the formation of both Jesuits, the function of spiritual exercises in their own philosophy has not been explored. Recent interest in philosophy as a way of life provides a means by which this can be accomplished. In their work Michel Foucault and Pierre Hadot have shown how spiritual exercises function in the formation of the self and in the acquisition of a synoptic vision that allows contemplation of one’s participation in the whole. This paper shows that while Kavanaugh primarily uses spiritual exercises in his philosophy to accomplish a disciplinary/formational aim Clarke’s aim is dialogical/exploratory. A brief examination of the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola reveals how these different aims in fact complement one another.
La mística como síntoma de la modernidad. Una lectura del proyecto epistemológico de Michel de Certeau
Authors: Alvarez Carlos
Published: January 2021

This article presents an enquiry into one aspect of Michel de Certeau’s intellectual project: to make Christianity intelligible in our epistemological situation. I seek to demonstrate how this epistemological and theological question shapes many of his historical and anthropological works, which seek to elucidate the re-composition of the human sciences and Christianity from a particular reading of modernity. The matrix of his thought is configured by the irruption of mystical experience in otherness and strangeness and the questions this poses to the claimed uniqueness modern reason, heir to the Aufklärung. We will inquire about the fundamental theoretical tools that support the political discernment made by Michel de Certeau in the cultural crisis of May 68. Then we analyse the place of the nominalist rupture in the process of desontologization of language and the passage from the religious system to the ethics of Enlightenment as a way through the notion of “the formality of practices”. Both are preludes to his particular reading of secularization.
Diamantino Martins e a Existência Radicalmente Orientada para Deus
Authors: Gama José
Published: January 2021

Diamantino Martins, one of the main masters of the Braga School, was part of the founding group of the Portuguese Journal of Philosophy (Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia). He is the author of a vast philosophical work, and presents an original thought on natural evidence and immediate intuitive knowledge of God. The fine sensitivity and psychological analysis of the feeling of the divine in the deepest identity of the human being manifest, in his work, a penetrating understanding of the actuality of the question of God, very present in the return of the religious and the divine, in the literature of the end of last century. It is also situated in the innovative current of philosophical thought of contemporary Portuguese authors, about the philosophical treatment of the question of God, like Sampaio Bruno and Fernando Pessoa.
Philosophy and Theology Together: Karl Rahner’s Way of Thinking
Authors: Terra Domingos
Published: January 2021

Karl Rahner’s thinking can be understood by looking at several of its coordinates. First, it unfolds in close connection with the fundamental dynamics of human existence (thinking with a reference). Second, it is prompted by a personal and immediate experience of God, namely, the one of the author himself (thinking with a motivation). Third, it is influenced by the spirituality of Saint Ignatius of Loyola (thinking with an inspiration). Fourth, it aims to show the reasonableness and, therefore, the credibility of the Christian faith (thinking with a purpose). Fifth, it is guided by intellectual honesty that leads to facing reality without reduction or concealment (thinking with an attitude). Finally, it combines philosophy and theology, more precisely, treats philosophy as a necessary moment in theology (thinking with a method). Karl Rahner is remembered for operating the “anthropological turn” in theology. This means that, in his view, one should not reflect on God without reflecting on the human being as well. Rahner is particularly interested in examining the human’s ability to receive what comes from God’s self-revelation. It is an aspect that gives occasion to the discussion that Hans Urs von Balthasar has with him. At the heart of Rahner’s anthropology is the “transcendental experience”. It is originated by the absolute mystery that is present in human existence, precisely that mystery that Christians call God. It is such a fundamental experience that it must be taken into account when leading one’s own existence.
Henri de Lubac et Maurice Blondel : une rencontre entre philosophie et théologie
Authors: Lemaire Marie-Gabrielle
Published: January 2021

Maurice Blondel’s philosophy has had a decisive influence on the theology of Henri de Lubac, but more than an influence, it goes of an encounter and a dialogue between two great Catholic thinkers. This article proposes, over the course of successive encounters and collaborations between Blondel and Lubac, a presentation of Lubac’s reflection in that it extends Blondel’s critique of extrinsicity to the field of theology. This friendship between Lubac and Blondel testifies to the inherent character of the mystical question to both philosophy and theology. This anchoring signifies the Mystery of Christ at work in the gesture of reason and in the understanding of faith. At the same time, Lubac promotes, in philosophy itself, an intelligence through faith. Friendship has not been an empty word with Lubac who openly defended Maurice Blondel on several occasions, and even after Blondel’s death, when Lubac continued to make the philosopher’s thought known by publishing and annotating a large part of his correspondence.
Ignacio Ellacuría, filósofo mártir de la realidad histórica, discípulo de Xavier Zubiri
Authors: Sols Lucia José
Published: January 2021

Father Ignacio Ellacuría (1930-1989) was a Spanish Jesuit philosopher and the most important disciple of another great Spanish philosopher, Xavier Zubiri (1898-1983). Ellacuría was sent to El Salvador (Central America) in 1949 at eighteen, and after degrees in humanities, philosophy, and theology in Ecuador and Austria (where he was disciple of Karl Rahner), he travelled to Spain in 1962 for doctoral studies with Zubiri. There he became perhaps the leading specialist on Zubiri’s philosophy, which first analyzes reality as a dynamically structured epigenetic system tracing its emergence from material through organic to historical reality (open to transcendence), and second, which postulates the concept of sentient intelligence through which we are able to apprehend reality as reality. Upon returning to El Salvador in 1967, Ellacuría used Zubiri’s philosophical system to develop a powerful analysis of Latin America’s complicated historical reality during the 1960’s, 70’s, and 80’s. Ellacuría’s extraordinary output touched many different fields: philosophy, theology, political analysis, and his role as President of the UCA (Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas) in defense of the poor, and as peacemaker during the Civil War in El Salvador (1980-1991). He was assassinated with five other Jesuits and two women housekeepers by Salvadoran soldiers on November 16th 1989.
La fiesta, momento vital de la praxis intercultural en los jesuitas Ignacio Ellacuría y Francisco Taborda
Authors: Zuchel Lovera Lorena , Achondo Moya Pedro Pablo
Published: January 2021

The present article shows the contributions of two intellectual Jesuits, Ignacio Ellacuría and Francisco Taborda, who propose the feast or fraternal celebration as an example for a religious interculturality. The text goes from a philosophical proposal, which shows social coexistence as a fundamental, inevitable moment of the living being, to the praxis that makes a mere relationship an experience of recognition and liberation. The study shows the nexus between philosophy and theology, which in many occasions are one single thing in the conceptualization of Latin American traditions. But also, one and indistinguishable discipline, in the case of many Jesuits committed to Our American causes. In particular, we highlight his ideas about the party, a main category in the construction of identity, justice and hope; that, at the same time, are vital moments of reflection and intercultural practice.
Filosofía del surgir y teología del Insurgente
Authors: Solari Enzo
Published: January 2021

Antonio González has developed a philosophical and theological approach about the notions of acts and things, specially in regard to his moral, social and political dimensions. His phenomenological philosophy is elaborated through intellectual combat with phaenomena, problems and aporias, not that much by means of interpretation of other works. Thence he extracts an idea of religion and a theology whose core is the liberation of the retribution, of the condemnation of poor and sinners, of the ecclesiastical Constantinianism, of the state violence. In these pages I try to identify and even to criticize the phenomenology of the author so much respect to the acts and what in them emerge, as regarding the possibilities that it opens to the philosophical conceptualization of religions and to the political-theological character of Christianity.
L’influenza de la Dialectique des “exercices spirituels” de Saint Ignace de Loyola nel pensiero di Jorge Mario Bergoglio
Authors: Borghesi Massimo
Published: January 2021

When in October 2016 I started working on my book Jorge Mario Bergoglio. An intellectual biography I did not have the slightest idea of ​​the importance played by the figure and work of Gaston Fessard in the formation of Bergoglio’s thought. There was nothing to suggest that Gaston Fessard could be a relevant author for the intellectual formation of the future Pope. I was struck by the polar and dialectical model of thought that animated him, the possibility of harmonizing opposites, of inviting concepts to a common table that apparently could not be approached, because it places them in a higher plane in which they find their synthesis. This paradigm, of the Church and of the Society of Jesus as complexio oppositorum, finds its verification, according to Bergoglio, in the way in which the Jesuits have achieved the inculturation of the faith in the indigenous peoples of Latin America. Bergoglio rereads Ignatius in the light of a dialectical model. As he will say in one of the interviews he gave me on the occasion of the writing of my book: “In Ignatian spirituality there is always this bipolar tension”. It is certainly an original, uncommon reading of Ignatius’s thought. It is the ideal factor that allows us to explain why Bergoglio, when in 1986 he went to Frankfurt to write his doctoral thesis, chose the Guardinian essay dedicated to the polar opposition. When I concluded my volume on the intellectual biography of the future Pontiff in February 2017, one element, however, remained obscure. Where, from which author had Bergoglio drawn his polar model? Where did your antinomic reading of Ignatian spirituality come from? Not by Guardini discovered philosophically in 1986. Francis indicated the starting point of his intellectual formation. The reading of Fessard’s La dialectique des Exercices spirituels de saint Ignace de Loyola, published in 1956, is the work that “ had a great influence “ on him. It is the work that clarifies Bergoglio’s antinomian thought, his subsequent ideal encounter with Guardini’s philosophy.
O Ponto Ómega de Teilhard de Chardin. Do Contraponto com o Átomo Primitivo de Georges Lemaître à Projeção em Teorias Cosmológicas
Authors: Barbosa João
Published: January 2021

This article focuses on the Omega Point, an essential concept in Teilhard de Chardin’s evolutionary metaphysics. In certain passages about the Omega Point, Teilhard mentions the primeval atom hypothesis, a theory about the beginning of the universe proposed by Georges Lemaître, another contemporary Jesuit priest who was also a scientist. Although Teilhard and Lemaître are essentially evolutionists, besides being Jesuit priests, their evolutionary metaphysics and their philosophies of science are radically divergent, and two important differences are presented here – about the eventual cosmic determinism and about the relationship between scientific knowledge and religious beliefs. This article also shows how Teilhard’s original concept was projected into two cosmological theories in which it reveals an essential transfiguration by losing its initial anthropic and religious matrix – the cosmological anthropic principle, proposed by physicists John Barrow and Frank Tipler, and the Omega Point Theory proposed later by Frank Tipler.
Teilhard de Chardin et le « transhumain » : De la contradiction à la cohérence
Authors: Lambert Dominique
Published: January 2021

After a brief description of what the contemporary trans-humanism is, we analyze the use of a trans-humanist-like vocabulary made by Fr. Teilhard de Chardin. After exhibiting a contradiction in Teilhard’s vision of human evolution, we show how his thought contains also some interesting elements (ethics of fraternity, charity and reference to the human person and to an authentic transcendence) which could help us to correct some dangerous drifts of the recent trans-humanist philosophy.
A BAYESIAN NETWORK-BASED APPROACH FOR FAILURE ANALYSIS IN WEAPON INDUSTRY
Authors: YUCESAN Melih , GUL Muhammet , GUNERI Ali Fuat
Published: January 2021

Gun and rifle manufacturing contain various failures in the process of CNC machining, material supply, research & development, infrastructure and, operator. Due to these failures, the enterprise is exposed to great economic losses and a decrease in competition in the global market. In addition, failures in production cause events that seriously threaten human health. Failure analysis can increase safety by determining the cause of potential errors and taking measures for identified errors in the life cycle of the products. Therefore, this study employs a Bayesian Network (BN)-based modeling approach for capturing dependency among the basic events and obtaining top event probability. Firstly, a fault tree analysis (FTA) diagram is constructed, since its target is to pinpoint how basic event failures result in a top event (system) failure by an AND/OR logical gate. While, AND logical gate should take place in both cases, it is sufficient to realize one of the states in the OR logical gate. Then, a BN-based on fault tree transformation is applied. A case study in a leading weapon factory that produces various types of guns and rifles in the Black Sea region of Turkey is performed. For the application viewpoint, appropriate control measures can be taken into account to decrease the number of failed products based on the performed failure analysis.
AERODYNAMIC STUDY OF SLOTTED FLAP FOR NACA 24012 AIRFOIL BY DYNAMIC MESH TECHNIQUES AND VISUALIZATION FLOW
Authors: HUSSEİN Emad , AZZİZ Haider , RASHİD Farhan
Published: January 2021

Slotted ﬂap is one of high lift devices. It considered as a moving part of the airfoil which is used as a control instrument in a form of elevator, rudders and ailerons. The main focus of work is to investigate the effect of flap chord, gap and overlap on aerodynamic characteristic of NACA 24012 airfoil. The model was tested with 20% C, 30% C and 40% C single slotted flaps at zero angle of attack. The dynamic mesh and user defined function is applied to control the flap distance with respect to wing at any position. The simulation was done by solving the governing equations (Continuity, Reynolds Averaging Naveir- Stokes and Energy Equation) in 2-D using Fluent analysis at Reynolds number of 3.1x〖10〗^6.
Based on the results presented, larger increment of lift coefficient is obtained with the larger flap chord, but this increase is accompanied by a drag penalty. Furthermore, the loss of lift coefficient associated with larger extending flap at 3% C had a very detrimental effect on the attainable lift coefficient. The simulation result also shows that an optimum gap is 1% C in order to derive the maximum lift capability from the flap model. The code is validated against field measurements to show how close the CFD model simulates the reality.
Evaluation in dynamic times: Skateboard, pushbike, or quad bike?
Authors: Nunns Heather
Published: January 2021

The turbulent and fluid environment in which we find ourselves due to the COVID-19 pandemic requires evaluative responses that facilitate learning, adaptation, and timeliness. This article examines the last of these—the need for timely evaluative information. Such information requires evaluators and their clients making trade-offs between what is desirable and what is feasible in a constrained time frame. Applying a light-hearted analogy—skateboard, pushbike, quad bike—three different evaluative approaches and the trade-offs that each involves are described. The notion of adequacy for purpose is then examined in terms of two dimensions: the level of certainty of the evidence that is required by the client, and the level of confidence required by the client in the evaluative claim/conclusion. The article demonstrates the need for evaluators to ensure their clients and other users of evaluative information understand the level of confidence and certainty that can be placed in it.
The complexity of indigenous evaluation
Authors: Piciotto Robert
Published: January 2021

This article was triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and the antiracist protests that have swept the world. Both developments have brought to the surface the social inequities and the existential risks that face humanity in a complex and interconnected world. Indigenous evaluation is highly relevant to both predicaments. Since I am not an indigenous evaluator, I cannot do justice to the wealth and diversity of the indigenous evaluation experience. All I seek to do is to connect indigenous evaluation to complexity thinking, a mindset that is more needed than ever.
Breakfast and Obesity
Authors: Marzban Ameneh , Khabiri Farahnaz
Published: January 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Application of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction to Determine Aflatoxin B1 in Tomato Paste Samples
Authors: Safavizadeh Vahid , Arabkhani Pouya , Mojkar Mozhgan , Shyrina Darya , Nemati Mahboob
Published: January 2021

Background: Aflatoxin B1 is a secondary toxic metabolite produced by several aspergillus species. This study was conducted to determine the presence of aflatoxin in tomato paste samples.
Methods: A total of 30 tomato pastes were analyzed for Aflatoxin B1 contamination via HPLC-FLD. Analyte extraction was done by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.
Results: The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.14 and 0.44 µg/kg, respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 91 to 94%. The findings showed all samples were contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 and the average concentration was 1.1 ± 0.02 µg/kg. The amount of aflatoxin B1 in 6 samples was higher than the limit set by the European Union.
Conclusion: The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of tomato paste samples with quantitative results. The main advantages of the developed method include its simplicity in operation, rapid achievement of a very high sample, and low cost.
Association between Consumed Foods and Musculoskeletal Disorder in Office Workers
Authors: Arjmand Golnaz , Irandoost Pardis , Abbaszadeh Mojtaba , Farshad Aliasghar , Salehi Masoud , Shidfar Farzad
Published: January 2021

Background: Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is one of the important problems concerning the staffs' health and productivity in the workplace. Nutritional status and consumption of some foods are also among the determining factors of MSD. So, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation of diet and consumed food groups with MSD.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 office workers. The participants' anthropometric parameters and their dietary information were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The findings were categorized into nine levels. The total scores were calculated for all the items per food group and per person. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was also administered to evaluate the MSD symptoms in nine parts of body.
Results: The score of consumed food groups was compared between individuals “with pain” and “without pain” in nine parts of the body. The scores of fruit intake in individuals “with pain” and “without pain” were 2.94 ± 1.27 vs. 3.29 ± 1.16 and 2.81 ± 1.10 vs. 3.49 ± 1.38 in terms of neck and wrists, respectively. The difference between the two groups were significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the participants with pain in the neck consumed significantly lower amounts of cereals and nuts (P = 0.03, 0.04). In the case of the shoulder pain, consuming legumes and nuts in the “without pain” group was higher than the group of participants who had pain (P = 0.01, P = 0.03). Fat intake was higher in the patients who had pain in their hips (P = 0.02).
Conclusion: Less pain was reported in the musculoskeletal system by higher consumption of fruits, nuts, and legumes. It seems that plant-based dietary pattern is more effective in musculoskeletal health.
Nutritional Assessment of Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy in Vasei Hospital of Sabzevar, Iran
Authors: Tofighiyan Tahereh , Kooshki Akram
Published: January 2021

Background: Malnutrition caused by cancer is a prevalent problem in patients with cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy who referred to Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-sectional study was conducted on 124 adult patients (older than 18 years of age) with cancer who had referred to the Oncology Ward of Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar, Iran. Followed by obtaining a consent letter and filling out the demographic questionnaire, the participants’ height and weight were measured in minimum clothing without shoes based on the standard method. Later, the nutrient intake data were collected using the 2-day food intake record at the beginning and end of the chemotherapy.  Nutrition IV Software was applied to evaluate the received nutrients.
Results: In this research, the mean body mass index of patients was lower at the end than the beginning of chemotherapy (P = 0.001). Mean of serum albumin and total protein were normal at the beginning of the study, which was significantly reduced at the end of study (P = 0.01 and 0.01). Mean of energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients intake indicated a significant reduction from the beginning to the end of treatment (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that the mean of serum albumin, total protein and energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients intake indicated a significant reduction from the beginning to the end of treatment in this research.
Ambulant Market Foods: Consumer Problem or Solution?
Authors: Dos Santos João Paulo , Souto Maior Lucas Pedrosa , Santos da Silva Isaura Cariolando , Lins da Silva Karwhory Wallas , Tenorio Sampaio Morgana Cristhyne , Da Silva Gomes Nathalia Rose , Da Silva Santos Ilda Manuelly , Matos Rocha Thiago José , Souza Eliane Costa
Published: January 2021

Background: The sale of food by street vendors is an activity of economic, sanitary, and nutritional importance, but these foods can pose a high risk to the health of consumers in inadequate conditions of preparation and storage. The aim of this study was to investigate the preparation conditions and the hygienic-sanitary quality of food sold by street vendors in the vicinity of four campuses of a University Center in Maceió, Brazil. The aim was to verify the sanitary hygienic conditions of the preparation site as well as to carry out a microbiological analysis of the commercialized foods.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the microbiological analyses were carried out on different foods following the multiple tube technique for coliforms and surface sowing method and pour-plate assay for Salmonella sp., molds, and yeasts. In addition, an observational checklist was applied involving 21 trailer tent owners in the vicinity of the four campuses of the University Center. Inclusion criterion included adult vendors selling food near four campuses at the Centro Universitário de Maceió, Brazil. Exclusion criteria consisted of street vendors due to the difficulty in locating them.
Results: The findings showed high presence of microorganisms; a high degree of risk was observed in 100% of the studied places.
Conclusion: Hygienic-sanitary interventions are necessary to train these vendors on the importance of good manufacturing practices, since this will probably not result in food-borne outbreaks.
STRATEGIES FOR SCALING UP SOCIAL BUSINESS IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE LIVING: A CASE STUDY ON SBLIF
Authors: Ferdousi Farhana , Mahmud Parveen
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: The objective of the study was to investigate scaling up strategies of social business projects in order to create sustainable livelihood among the beneficiaries. Methodology: Qualitative research design was found suitable for this study. A case study method was applied through pursuing face-to-face interviews. Seven social business learning and innovation (SBLIF) projects of Grameen Telecom Trust (GTT) have been selected purposively for the analysis. Main Findings: Findings get evidence of organic growth, collaboration, and dissemination strategies to create impact over sustainable living. Through organic growth, social businesses were generating employment opportunities for communities’ people and enhancing their livelihoods. Collaboration with GTT provided social businesses with access to financial and network resources which helped them to serve disadvantaged, rural, endogenous, and climate-vulnerable people. Disseminations of livelihood strategies helped producers and inhabitants to achieve sustainability in many areas. Social Implications/Applications: Social business, a social purpose-driven business, is attracting worldwide attention for its impact on sustainable living through reducing poverty, inequality, unemployment, and negative environmental impacts. But to create more impact on sustainable livelihood, scaling up the social business organization itself is mandatory. This study could be a guide for social business entrepreneurs and policymakers to advance sustainable livelihoods. Originality/Novelty of the Study: Most of the research uses the term social business as a wider concept which mostly relies on philanthropic-funds. This study focuses on a unique type of social business organizations who are not expected to rely on such philanthropic-funds rather have to cover operating costs which make these businesses a new kind of learning for all social entrepreneurs.