bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
p63+Krt5+ basal cells are increased in the squamous metaplastic epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Huang Hongming , Tan Kai Sen , Zhou Suizi , Yuan Tian , Liu Jing , Ong Hsiao Hui , Chen Qianmin , Gao Junxiao , Xu Minghong , Zhu Zhenchao , Qiu Qianhui , Wang De Yun
Published: September 2020

Background

Squamous metaplasia (SM) is an irreversible form of airway epithelial remodeling. Hyperproliferation of basal cells was observed in squamous metaplastic epithelium of chronically inflamed airway. However, the association of such aberrant proliferation of basal cells with SM in the nasal epithelium after radiation damage remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate SM and accompanying levels of p63+Krt5+ (basal cell markers) cells in the nasal epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic rhinosinusitis (CRSr) and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) compared to healthy controls.

Methods

We assessed the prevalence of SM and the expression of p63+, Krt5+, p63+Krt5+, and Ki67+ cells through immunofluorescence(IF) staining of the inferior turbinate (IT) tissues from patients with CRSr (n = 36), CRSsNP (n = 33) and controls (n = 28).

Results

The prevalence of SM and the number of p63+Krt5+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP and controls. The number of Ki67+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr and CRSsNP compared to controls, but the ratio of Ki67+ cells to p63+Krt5+ cells was significantly lower in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP. In patients with CRSr, an increased number of p63+Krt5+ basal cells was observed in SM epithelium compared to non-SM epithelium.

Conclusion

SM is increased in the nasal epithelium of patients with CRSr, in which aberrant levels of p63+Krt5+ basal cells serves as an important pathologic feature in the squamous metaplastic epithelium.
The use of both internal thoracic arteries for coronary revascularization increases the estimate of post-operative lower limb ischemia in patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Micali Linda Renata , Bonacchi Massimo , Weigel Daniel , Howe Rosie , Parise Orlando , Parise Gianmarco , Gelsomino Sandro
Published: September 2020

Background

Patients with a history of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) exhibit higher rates of complications. There are conflicting data on the survival benefits for bilateral thoracic artery (BITA) grafting compared with left internal thoracic artery (LITA) CABG in patients with PAD. The aim of the study was to explore the influence of the use of BITA grafts vs. LITA for CABG on post-operative acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) and main post-operative complications in patients with concomitant PAD.

Methods

We used a propensity-score (PS) based analysis to compare outcomes between the two surgical procedures, BITA and LITA. The inverse probability of treatment weighting PS technique was applied to adjust for pre- and intra-operative confounders, and to get optimal balancing of the pre-operative data. The primary outcome was the estimate of postoperative ALLI. Secondary outcomes included overall death and death of cardiac causes within 30 days of surgery, stroke and acute kidney disease (AKD).

Results

The study population consisted of 1961 patients. The LITA procedure was performed in 1768 patients whereas 193 patients underwent a BITA technique. The estimate of ALLI was 14% higher in the BITA compared to the LITA (p < 0.001) group. Thirty-day mortality, cardiac death, occurrence of stroke and AKI did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusions

The use of both ITAs led to a significant increase in ALLI. This result was most likely caused by the complete disruption of the ITA collateral providing additional blood supply to the lower extremities. Based on our data, BITA should be used with extreme caution in PAD patients. Further research on this topic is necessary to confirm our findings.
Extended thymectomy with blood vessel resection and reconstruction improves therapeutic outcome for clinical stage III thymic carcinoma patients: a real-world research
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Guige , Guo Chao , Chen Yeye , Huang Cheng , Li Shanqing
Published: September 2020

Objectives

We examine the therapeutic efficacy of extended thymectomy with blood vessel resection and reconstruction in thymic carcinoma patients with great vessel invasion.

Methods

In total 26 patients diagnosed as clinical stage III thymic carcinoma with severe great vessel invasion were enrolled in this retrospective study. Among these patients, 14 cases received adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy (non-operation subgroup, NOG), the other 12 patients received extended thymectomy with vessel resection and reconstruction followed by the adjuvant treatment (operation subgroup, OG).

Results

All surgical procedures went smoothly with no perioperative death. R0 resection was obtained in all surgical cases, and we also observed a lymph node metastasis rate of 38.8%. The overall survival (OS) was 34 months for the whole cohort, 48 and 26 months for the OG and NOG respectively (p = 0.013). The median disease metastasis free survival (DMFS) was 47 months for the OG and 18 months for the NOG (p = 0.019).

Conclusion

Extended thymectomy with vessel resection is feasible for patients with clinical stage III thymic carcinoma. Surgery significantly improves the overall survival and the prognosis of clinical stage III thymic carcinoma.
The anti-obesity effect of lotus leaves on high-fat-diet-induced obesity by modulating lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Wu Ya , Tan Fang , Zhang Tianyu , Xie Binglin , Ran Lixian , Zhao Xin
Published: September 2020

Lotus leaves (Nelumbo nucifera) are widely used in medicines and foods. The investigate systematically studied the anti-obesity effect of lotus leaf extracts. It could reduce body weight, alleviate liver damage, and inhibit fat accumulation in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Lotus leaf extracts reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) levels; decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the serum; and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels to improve dyslipidemia. Lotus leaves also inhibited inflammation accompanied by obesity via decreasing inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-6 levels and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and IL-10 levels. qPCR analysis revealed that lotus leaves upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) mRNA expressions and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α) mRNA expressions, to reduce adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation, promote oxidation of fat and decomposition of triglyceride and cholesterol. So, lotus leaves effectively regulated lipid metabolism, alleviated inflammation and liver injury in obese mice; thus, lotus leaves could be further developed as a food to combat obesity.
Colon cancer metastasis mimicking a hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ofuchi Takashi , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Yamao Takanobu , Higashi Takaaki , Takematsu Toru , Nakao Yosuke , Yamamura Kensuke , Imai Katsunori , Yamashita Yo-ichi , Baba Hideo
Published: September 2020

Background

An accurate diagnosis of the primary cancer or metastatic tumor is quite important because misdiagnosis may lead to the selection of incorrect adjuvant therapy and worse long-term outcomes after surgery. Here, we present a rare case with an unusual metastatic pattern mimicking a hilar cholangiocarcinoma originated from colon cancer

Case presentation

A 69-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of an upper bile duct stenosis. He had the past history of the sigmoidectomy for the primary colon cancer and the partial hepatectomy with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for synchronous liver metastases 4 years ago. After 2 years from the initial operation, he had experienced the local recurrence of post-RFA lesion and had undergone a partial hepatectomy. According to the radiological findings of the bile duct stenosis, we diagnosed a hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Bismuth type II), and then he underwent the extended right hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection. Histological findings including the immune-histochemical examinations (CK7−, CK20+, CDX2+ and SATB2+) uncovered the metastatic tumor into extrahepatic bile duct originated from the primary colon cancer.

Conclusion

We experienced an extremely rare case with a colon cancer metastasis mimicking a hilar cholangiocarcinoma. In this case with a past history of colon cancer, an immunohistochemical staining led us to distinguish the primary hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the mimicking tumor.
Efficacy assessment of various natural and organic antimicrobials against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Amin Dina H. , Abolmaaty Assem
Published: September 2020

Background

Foodborne illness is a public health alarm with a deleterious effect on human health and the economy all over the world. Searching for possible solutions to beat foodborne pathogens is still a demanding concern. The scope of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some natural and organic compounds against important pathogens includingEscherichia coliO157:H7 C9490,Listeria monocytogenesLm2 Scott A 4b, andSalmonella enteritidis8-9-99.

Results

The bactericidal effect of eight compounds and their concentrations were evaluated by the tube dilution assay against the tested bacterial strains. Thymol was found to be superior to all tested compounds. Antimicrobial activities found to be highly influenced by varying pH values. Low pH 4.5 found to report higher inhibition when compared with pH 7.1. For instance, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) occurred at pH 7.1 with 25 ppm of thymol againstEscherichia coliO157:H7 andSalmonella enteritidis, while 200 ppm againstListeria monocytogenes. However, MIC occurred at pH 4.5 with 25 ppm of thymol against all tested bacterial strains.

Conclusions

Thymol is the most active antimicrobial recorded in our study at low concentrations. Our results indicated thymol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, salicylic acid, 3-t-butyl-4-Hydroxyanisole, and acetylsalicylic acid have promising potential applications in controlling tested foodborne pathogens.
Fine structure of the intercalated disc and cardiac junctions in the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans
Authors: Sun Yan , Lee Seung-Min , Ku Bon-Jin , Moon Myung-Jin
Published: September 2020

Arthropods have an open circulatory system with a simple tubular heart, so it has been estimated that the contractile pumping structure of the cardiac muscle will be less efficient than that of vertebrates. Nevertheless, certain arthropods are known to have far superior properties and characteristics than vertebrates, so we investigated the fine structural features of intercalated discs and cardiac junctions of cardiac muscle cells in the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans. Characteristically, the spider cardiac muscle has typical striated features and represents a functional syncytium that supports multiple connections to adjacent cells by intercalated discs. Histologically, the boundary lamina of each sarcolemma connects to the basement membrane to form an elastic sheath, and the extracellular matrix allows the cells to be anchored to other tissues. Since the intercalated disc is also part of sarcolemma, it contains gap junctions for depolarization and desmosomes that keep the fibers together during cardiac muscle contraction. Furthermore, fascia adherens and macula adherens (desmosomes) were also identified as cell junctions in both sarcolemma and intercalated discs. To enable the coordinated heartbeat of the cardiac muscle, the muscle fibers have neuronal innervations by multiple axons from the motor ganglion.
Willa Cather’s Naivete
Authors: Gingrich Brian
Published: September 2020

This article locates the place of Willa Cather’s work in literary history by revealing its relation to a central tradition of aesthetics. If at times her work has seemed to waver between romanticism and realism, if today it seems destined to be associated with modernism, yet another set of terms is more appropriate for defining it: by pursuing the sentimental, Cather’s work produces an advanced form of the naive. These terms emerge from an aesthetic tradition that ranges from Friedrich Schiller through Hegel, Emerson, and Ruskin to Theodor Adorno. Applied across Cather’s work, they reveal a mode of perception in her narration that not only elucidates the dialectical relationship between her romanticism and modernism but also offers a dialectical perspective on the relationship between her elegiac tendencies and her visions of empire..
Film in Ralph Ellison’s Three Days Before the Shooting . . .
Authors: Yukins Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

In the posthumously published Three Days before the Shooting . . . (2010), Ralph Ellison’s protagonist spends years as a film actor and filmmaker, and cinematographic effects appear throughout the narrative. Sharply aware of what he called the “enormous myth-making potential of the film form,” Ellison sought in this second novel both to explore the artistic possibilities of film and to expose the dangers of this potent medium. This essay examines three interrelated ways that movies matter to Ellison’s literary experiments. First, it argues that Ellison’s ambivalence about the American movie industry correlates with both his technological savvy and his sociopolitical conservativism in the latter half of his writing career. Second, it shows how Ellison’s fascinations with cinematic effects shape the aesthetics and themes of his unfinished second novel. Finally, the article demonstrates how Ellison’s specific techniques in representing cinematic experience exemplify, ironically, his primary allegiance to literary narrative.
Comparison of failure loads and compressive stress in Press on metal and Press on Y-TZP copings
Authors: Vohra Fahim , Bin Shuwaish Mohammed , Al Deeb Modhi , Alhamdan Rana , Alotaibi Naif , Abduljabbar Tariq
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the failure loads and compressive stresses among bilayered press on Y-TZP (POZ) and press on metal (POM) crowns with different core-veneer thickness.

Methods: Thirty metal and Y-TZP copings were fabricated using CAD-CAM technology with specified thickness. All copings were veneered with ceramic materials using hot pressing technique, with 2mm and 2.5mm thickness. The different coping veneer thickness of crowns resulted in six study groups, including, POM: Coping/ veneer thickness of 0.7/2mm (Gp1), 0.7/2.5mm (Gp 2) and 1mm/2mm (Gp 3)- POZ: 0.7/2mm (Gp A), 0.7/2.5mm (Gp B) and 1mm/2mm (Gp C). Crowns were cemented to a standard implant analog and failure loads (FL) and compressive stress (CS) was ascertained by controlled load application in a universal testing machine. Data was analysed using ANOVA and multiple comparisons test.

Results: The maximum FL were observed in the POM specimens with a C/V ratio of 1/2 (Group 3-1880.67± 256.78 N), however the lowest FL were exhibited by POZ crowns with 1/2 C/V ratio (Group C-611.89± 72.79 N). Mean FL and CS were significantly higher in POM compared to POZ crowns in respective groups. Increasing the coping-veneer thickness increased FL and CS among POM crowns. Increasing veneer and decreasing coping thickness improved FL and CS among POZ crowns.

Conclusions: Press on metal specimen showed higher resistance to fracture than Press on Y-TZP specimens. Improved failure loads were observed in thin coping and thick veneers among Press on Y-TZP crowns.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2472

How to cite this:Vohra F, Shuwaish MB, Al-Deeb M, Alhamdan R, Alotaibi N, Abduljabbar T. Comparison of failure loads and compressive stress in Press on metal and Press on Y-TZP copings. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1645-1650. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2472

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Hepatitis-C Infection: Are we really committed to eliminate? Could it become the second Polio for Pakistan?
Authors: Kamani Lubna , Sultan Baseer Ahmad , Kalwar Hamid Ali
Published: September 2020

Pakistan’s hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden is one of the highest in the world. Around eight million people live with HCV in Pakistan according to a National Hepatitis Survey. Most HCV-infected people are unaware of their infection status culminating in delayed diagnosis and treatment, progressing to end stage liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), thereby raising the disease load for a developing country with limited resources. Blood transfusions and injections with reused syringes lead to increased HCV rates in Pakistan. According to a survey viral infections like hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV were not screened in more than half of the blood transfusions done in Pakistan. Hepatitis C elimination requires financial support from the local government and private organizations, commitment from civil societies across the world and a dedicated political will. Without defining effective planning and strategy it is our fear that it could become the second Polio for Pakistan.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2804

How to cite this:Kamani L, Ahmad BS, Kalwar HA. Hepatitis-C Infection: Are we really committed to eliminate? Could it become the second Polio for Pakistan? Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1742-1744. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2804

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Markov chain properties in terms of column sums of the transition matrix
Authors: Hunter Jeffrey J.
Published: September 2020

Questions are posed regarding the influence that the column sums of the transition probabilities of a stochastic matrix (with row sums all one) have on the stationary distribution, the mean first passage times and the Kemeny constant of the associated irreducible discrete time Markov chain. Some new relationships, including some inequalities, and partial answers to the questions, are given using a special generalized matrix inverse that has not previously been considered in the literature on Markov chains.
An illustrated introduction to Caïssan squares: the magic of chess
Authors: Styan George P. H.
Published: September 2020

We study various properties of n × n Caïssan magic squares. Following the seminal 1881 article by "Ursus" [Henry James Kesson (b. c. 1844)] in The Queen, we define a magic square to be Caïssan whenever it is pandiagonal and knight-Nasik so that all paths of length n by a chess bishop are magic (pandiagonal, Nasik, CSP1-magic) and by a (regular) chess knight are magic (CSP2-magic). We also study Caïssan beauties, which are pandiagonal and both CSP2- and CSP3-magic; a CSP3-path is by a special knight that leaps over 3 instead of 2 squares. Our paper ends with a bibliography of over 100 items (many with hyperlinks) listed chronologically from the 14th century onwards. We give special attention to items by (or connected with) "Ursus": Henry James Kesson (b. c. 1844), Andrew Hollingworth Frost (1819–1907), Charles Planck (1856–1935), and Pavle Bidev (1912–1988). We have tried to illustrate our findings as much as possible, and whenever feasible, with images of postage stamps or other philatelic items.
When Franchisee Service Affects Demand: An Application to the Car Radiator Market and Resale Price Maintenance
Authors: Kim Tongil “TI”
Published: September 2020

This study provides a novel empirical framework to quantify the effect of a firm’s unobserved endogenous service on demand, in conjunction with endogenous price.
COVID-19 and hand hygiene: the vital importance of hand drying
Authors: Gammon John , Hunt Julian
Published: September 2020

The significance of hand hygiene for preventing the transmission of microorganisms and reducing the spread of infection has been brought into sharp focus following the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the months since the initial outbreak, international public health campaigns and practitioner education has concentrated on hand washing and hand sanitising, with very little reference to hand drying, if any at all. However, hand drying is integral to effective hand hygiene, and is important in controlling the spread of microorganisms and maintaining healthy skin integrity. This research commentary will focus on two issues of importance with regards to hand drying: microbial transmission and skin irritation, with implications for healthcare practitioners and practice considered. It is argued that a more holistic approach to hand hygiene must be the ambition if health professional and public behaviour is to become embedded and sustained.
Job satisfaction of nurses working in public hospitals: perceptions of nurse unit managers in South Africa
Authors: Morton David , Topper Kegan , Bowers Candice , Jardien-Baboo Sihaam , Nyangeni Thando , Mabitja Moeta
Published: September 2020

Background:

Job satisfaction among nurses often determines whether they choose to remain in the profession or in the facility where they work.

Aim:

The study sought to explore and describe the job satisfaction of registered nurses in South Africa through the lens of their nurse unit managers.

Methods:

A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design was undertaken. Fourteen unit managers were interviewed and Tesch's method of data analysis was used.

Findings:

Four themes emerged: ‘staff shortages lead to nurses feeling overwhelmed and frustrated’, ‘nurses’ work performance is undermined by limited resources and poor infrastructure', ‘discontent among nurses with regard to poor top level and human resource management’ and ‘despite challenges, nurses experience rare moments of job satisfaction’.

Conclusion:

Unit managers need to find ways to enhance existing elements of job satisfaction by emphasising the nurse–patient relationship and teamwork among their staff in order to improve the overall job satisfaction of staff.
Post-Nightingale era nurses and their influence on the nursing profession
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: September 2020

In the final article to celebrate the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton discusses the endeavours of the nurses who followed Nightingale
Preparation of L-Glutamine Loaded Liposomes for Drug Delivery to Erythrocytes
Authors: Alp Gokce , Oztas Yesim
Published: September 2020

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a mortal chronic disease caused by a point mutation in the ? chain gene in the hemoglobin A (HbA) molecule. Erythrocyte polymerization in SCD is mostly seen as a result of the decrease in the amount of ions and water in the cell, i.e. dehydration and deoxygenation of erythrocytes. Deoxygenated and dehydrated erythrocytes become susceptible to clustering, causing clogging of blood vessels which then leads to crisis. Therefore, development of a new treatment method that can effectively prevent deoxygenation of erythrocytes or reduce the oxidative stress of sickle erythrocytes is one of the important issues. The aim of this study is to obtain a new lipid-based drug delivery system that will further be used for decreasing the oxidative stress of sickle erythrocytes. For the purpose, in this study, L-Glutamine (L-Gln) loaded liposomal drug delivery system composed of L-?-Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is prepared. Also, effect of encapsulated amount of L-Gln in liposomes is investigated. Liposomes are prepared via thin-film rehydration method. Characterizations of liposomes are implemented with pH measurements, zeta potential and size measurements. Erythrocytes and liposomes are incubated at 37ºC for 1 and 3 hours. Interactions between the erythrocytes and liposomes are investigated via optical microscopy and hemolysis experiments. The size and zeta potential of unloaded PI liposomes are determined as 89.01 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.438 and -23.4 ± 1.5 mV, respectively. Sizes of L-Gln loaded liposomes are obtained as 126.7, 148.6 and 197.2 nm for 20 mM, 40 mM and 60 mM of L-Gln, respectively. From the optical microscopy images, it is determined that as incubation period of erythrocytes and liposomes are increased, more liposomes are interacted with erythrocytes. Also, as L-Gln amount is increased within the liposomes, it was observed that erythrocytes preserve their morphology.
Overall, with this study, it can be concluded that L-Glutamine loaded liposomes can be used as a new drug delivery platform for erythrocytes. Moreover, the results of this study provide preliminary steps and promising results for design and development of a lipid-based drug carrier system to be used in the treatment of specific erythrocyte-based diseases such as sickle-cell disease.
Pulsed electromagnetic fields improve the healing process of Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Perucca Orfei Carlotta , Lovati Arianna Barbara , Lugano Gaia , Viganò Marco , Bottagisio Marta , D’Arrigo Daniele , Sansone Valerio , Setti Stefania , de Girolamo Laura
Published: September 2020

Aims

In the context of tendon degenerative disorders, the need for innovative conservative treatments that can improve the intrinsic healing potential of tendon tissue is progressively increasing. In this study, the role of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in improving the tendon healing process was evaluated in a rat model of collagenase-induced Achilles tendinopathy.

Methods

A total of 68 Sprague Dawley rats received a single injection of type I collagenase in Achilles tendons to induce the tendinopathy and then were daily exposed to PEMFs (1.5 mT and 75 Hz) for up to 14 days - starting 1, 7, or 15 days after the injection - to identify the best treatment option with respect to the phase of the disease. Then, 7 and 14 days of PEMF exposure were compared to identify the most effective protocol.

Results

The daily exposure to PEMFs generally provided an improvement in the fibre organization, a decrease in cell density, vascularity, and fat deposition, and a restoration of the physiological cell morphology compared to untreated tendons. These improvements were more evident when the tendons were exposed to PEMFs during the mid-acute phase of the pathology (7 days after induction) rather than during the early (1 day after induction) or the late acute phase (15 days after induction). Moreover, the exposure to PEMFs for 14 days during the mid-acute phase was more effective than for 7 days.

Conclusion

PEMFs exerted a positive role in the tendon healing process, thus representing a promising conservative treatment for tendinopathy, although further investigations regarding the clinical evaluation are needed. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(9):613–622.
Being in the Right Place at the Right Time: Educational Placement of Students With Intellectual Disability by State and Year
Authors: Anderson Eric J. , Brock Matthew E.
Published: September 2020

Despite the longstanding federal mandate to place students with disabilities in general education classrooms to the maximum extent appropriate, most students with intellectual disability continue to spend most of their time in separate classrooms and schools. In this study, we describe longitudinal educational placement patterns in six states that represent the wide span of educational placement (i.e., Vermont, Kentucky, Kansas, Massachusetts, Illinois, and Montana). Surprisingly, some states are trending toward more restrictive placements, and the gap between the most and least inclusive states is continuing to widen over time. We offer constructive suggestions for appropriately applying the principle of least restrictive environment so that placement decisions are driven by student needs and not where students live.
Magnetically tunable metasurface comprising InAs and InSb pixels for
absorbing terahertz radiation
Authors: Sharma Govindam , Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Bhattacharyya Somak , Jain Pradip K.
Published: September 2020

A magnetically tunable metasurface comprising meta-atoms with
InSb-patched, InAs-patched, and unpatched pixels was simulated using
commercial software to maximize the absorption of normally incident
radiation in the terahertz spectral regime, with the patches
decorating the illuminated face of a gold-backed polyimide substrate.
Maximum absorptance of 0.99 and minimum absorptance of 0.95 can be
obtained in 0.14–0.23-THz-wide bands in the 2–4-THz spectral regime,
with an average tuning rate of

and 0.24-THz dynamic range when the
controlling magnetostatic field is aligned parallel to the incident
electric field. The use of both InSb and InAs patches is much superior
to the use of patches of only one of those materials. The design can
be adapted for neighboring spectral regimes by exploiting the scale
invariance of the Maxwell equations.
Twisted ribbon carousels in random, three-dimensional optical fields
Authors: Freund Isaac
Published: September 2020

The instantaneous electric vector in a random three-dimensional optical field is shown to generate twisted ribbon carousels that spin about their axes. The ribbons can be right or left handed and can unwind and rewind in time, changing their handedness during an optical cycle. Analytical formulas describing this behavior are presented.
Evaluación del empleo de Kahoot! en la enseñanza superior presencial y no presencial.
Authors: Hernández-Ramos Juan Pablo , Belmonte María Luisa
Published: September 2020

Los recursos tecnológicos existentes al alcance de un docente universitario son múltiples; y su utilización, con una metodología didáctica clara, puede mejorar y actualizar la enseñanza superior, tanto en la formación presencial como en la virtual. Plataformas como Kahoot!, acompañadas por el smartphone del estudiante permiten al docente crear un sistema de respuesta en el aula de manera sencilla y rápida. El presente estudio, con un diseño de trabajo no experimental, se desarrolla con la finalidad de valorar el empleo de dicha herramienta en la enseñanza superior, tanto en un formato presencial, como a través de un entorno virtual de aprendizaje. Tras aplicar un cuestionario electrónico (20 ítems; ?=.958) a una muestra de 148 estudiantes (94 de modalidad presencial y 54 de modalidad virtual) cuyos docentes habían empleado Kahoot! con la misma planificación metodológica, se detecta un alto grado de predisposición para su empleo como futuros profesionales de la enseñanza y percepción positiva del recurso, especialmente a la hora de la valorar su potencial para autoevaluar el proceso de aprendizaje y asimilar los conceptos básicos de la materia. Así mismo, al realizar la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, se comprueba que los estudiantes de la modalidad virtual manifiestan una valoración superior a los de la modalidad presencial. Se concluye remarcando la importancia de que los docentes empleen recursos tecnológicos como Kahoot para fomentar metodologías innovadoras en beneficio de una enseñanza superior de calidad. Además, en consecuencia con los estudios previos, se considera que las discrepancias encontradas, se deben a una valoración más positiva en la modalidad formativa donde es más novedoso el empleo de este tipo de recursos.
Assessment of Biological Contaminants in Energy Stimulating
Herbal Medicines Collected from Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Zamir Rausan , Islam Nazmul , Hasan Mehdi , Hasan Mahmudul , Asraf Ali , Zakaria M. , Howlader M.B.H.
Published: September 2020

Ubiquitous nature of erectile dysfunction (ED) has placed it as one of the most rampant health care
problem and therefore consumption of energy stimulating herbal medicines (ESHMs) has increased
in Bangladesh. However, these herbal medicines reaching consumers without maintaining proper
screening procedure, which bring a threat to public health safety. An analysis of biological contaminants
(microbial load) of these herbal medicines available in Bangladesh was investigated. In most of
samples, the total bacterial counts (TBC) 6 × 107 − 32 × 1011 cfu/mL and lactobacillus count 6 × 108 −
12 × 1011 cfu/mL exceed the maximum value as percribed by WHO.
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide-Nanozeolite Composite
Electrode for Aspirin Analysis by Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Setiarso Pirim , Inggriani Firma
Published: September 2020

A graphene oxide-nanozeolite composite was prepared and empolyed as electrode for cyclic
voltammetric analysis of aspirin. Graphene oxide was synthesized with the improved Hummer method,
while nanozeolite synthesized using a mechanical ball milling method. Cyclic voltammetric analysis
of aspirin was influenced by several factors viz. the composition of working electrode, pH, deposition
time and scan rate. The optimized parameters of graphene oxide-nanozeolite composite electrode has
the best composition at a ratio of 3:2:5 at pH of solution 4, deposition time at 5 s and scan rate at 100
mV s-1. A recovery percentage of 99.61% having limit detection of electrode was 0.0611 ppm (0.002
mM).
Compositional Comparison of Essential Oils Extracted from Flowers and Aerial Parts of
Elsholtzia winitiana var. dongvanensis Phuong Harvested in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc Mai Pham Thi , Hong Van Nguyen Thi , Truyen Chu Quang , Thang Tran Dinh , Toan Tran Quoc , Long Pham Quoc , Inh Cam Thi , Phat Dao Tan , Hien Tran Thien , Kim Ngan Tran Thi
Published: September 2020

Elsholtzia winitiana var. dongvanensis Phuong is a plant contains an essential oil characterized by an
important chemical transformation. Essential oils were isolated from Elsholtzia winitiana var.
dongvanensis Phuong flowers and aerial parts by hydrodistillation and analyzed for chemical
constituents by GC-MS. Twenty-two components accounting for 99.99% of the total oil of flowers
and twenty-three components accounting for 98.72 % of the total oil of aerial parts were identified.
The composition of the essential oil contains aldehyde, aromatic ketone, monoterpenoid and
secquiterpenoid. Major components found in two essential oil samples were andehyde, terpenoid,
ketone benzaldehyde, germacrene D, E-caryphyllene and caryophyllene oxide. Moreover, essential
oil sample isolated from flowers and aerial parts of E. winitiana var. dongvannensis was dominated by
the high content of rosefuran (75.67%) and rosefuran epoxide (71.33%), respectively.
Formulation of an Essential Oil-Based Body Wash: Selection of Components and
their Effects on Product Foamability and Emulsion Durability
Authors: Tran Thien Hien , Kim Ngan Tran Thi , Cam Quyen Ngo Thi , Pham Tri Nhut , Quynh Anh Phan Nguyen , Hong Nhan Le Thi
Published: September 2020

To meetout the growing consumer demand for cosmetic preparations that incorporate biologically
active and natural ingredients, this study utilized lemongrass essential oil to create the main scent for
body wash products in place of artificial fragrances on the market. Lemongrass essential oil is distilled
by the method of hydrodistillation with the optimum yield of 0.29%. The process of developing a
body wash formula is based on the survey of parameters affecting the product qualities. Multiple
parameters including detergent, humectants, skin emollient, foaming agent, preservative, essential oil
content were investigated. The product was evaluated based on the criteria of the foamability, the
durability of the emulsion and the storage of samples in different storage conditions (room temperature,
heat shock, acceleration). The results indicate that lemongrass essential oil body wash formulae are on
par with some other shower gel products on the market, opening up the development trend for new
research products to enter the market.
Isolation and Identification of Pure Bioactive Compounds from Cuscuta reflexa Grown on
Nerium oleander Host Plant by Flash Column Chromatography and GC-MS/MS Analysis
Authors: Saini Pooja , Menghani Ekta , Mithal Rekha
Published: September 2020

In this work, an ethyl acetate extract of Cuscuta reflexa grown on Nerium oleander host plant was
used for the isolation and identification of pure bioactive compounds. Chloroform:methanol was used
as mobile phase for flash column chromatography. Five pure bioactive compounds were isolated and
two compounds were identified using GC-MS/MS technique. Glycerol-1-palmitate and squalene were
identified in Cuscuta reflexa using NIST library on the basis of area percentage.
Novel Commercial Scale Synthetic Approach for 5-Cyanoindole: A Potential
Intermediate for Vilazodone Hydrochloride, an Antidepressant Drug
Authors: Venkatanarayana M. , Nuchu Ravi , Babu H. Sharath , Garrepalli Ganga Sravanthi , Tangallapall Sudhakar
Published: September 2020

Present work describes the synthesis of 5-cyanoindole, a common intermediate used in various synthetic
route of the antidepressant vilazodone hydrochloride. The protocol is both robust and commercially
viable, utilizing readily available and low-cost materials and the isomers are environmental friendly
than previously reported routes through its evading use of cyanide reagents and heavy metals.
Adsorptive Removal of Copper Ions from Polluted Water Using Sorbents Derived from
Cordia dichotoma, Albizia thompsonii and Polyalthia cerasoides Plants
Authors: Kumar Reddy Tumma Prasanna , Veerababu Sayana , Sai Mohan Reddy Malireddy Venkata , Ravindhranath Kunta
Published: September 2020

Three different activated carbons as effective adsorbents were prepared by digesting the stems of
Cordia dichotoma, Albizia thompsonii and Polyalthia cerasoides plants in conc. H2SO4 for Cu2+ removal
from wastewater. The sorption natures of these sorbents are optimized with respect to various
physico-chemical characteristics for the maximum Cu2+ removal using simulated waters. Cordia
dichotoma (CDAC), Albizia thompsonii (ATAC) and Polyalthia cerasoides (PCAC) activated carbons
show good sorption capacities of values: 97.0, 76.8 and 66.7 mg/g, respectively in a wide pH ranges.
Unlike that of other two activated carbons, Cordia dichotoma activated carbon is effective even in acid
conditions, indicting its direct applicability to Cu-based industrial effluents which are generally acidic
in nature. Interference of two fold excess of co-ions is minimal. The established extraction conditions
for the removal of more than 95.0% from 10 ppm Cu2+ solution at room temperature (303 K) using
CDAC as sorbent are: pH: 3-9; time of equilibration: 1 h; sorbent dosage: 0.100 g/100 mL; with
ATAC: pH: 6-9; time of equilibration: 1.5 h and sorbent dosage: 0.125 g/100 mL; and with PCAC: pH:
6-9; time of equilibration: 2.0 h and sorbent dosage 0.50 g/100 mL. Spent adsorbents can be regenerated
and reused until four cycles with minimal loss of adoption capacities. Thermodynamic studies revealed
that the sorption is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Further, the ΔH value for CDAC is 30.156
KJ/mol; it indicates the strong chemisorption and may be through reduction to Cu+/Cu and/or complex
formation between Cu2+ and functional groups of the adsorbent. The ΔH values of other two activated
carbons, ATAC and PCAC, indicated that the sorption is mainly physical with strong inclination towards
chemical nature. Positive ΔS values of all the three sorbents, emphasizes the disorder or randomness
at the solid-liquid interface and hence favourable conditions for more penetration of Cu2+ into the
surface layers of the adsorbent and hence, more removal of Cu2+ ions. The negative ΔG values indicate
that the sorption forces are good enough to cross the potential barrier at the solid-liquid interface and
hence the process is spontaneous. The prepared three activated carbons were also successfully applied
to industrial effluent and polluted lake samples.
Temperature Dependence of Micellization Properties of Binary Mixtures
of Sodium Decylsulphate with Sodium Dodecylsulphate in Water
Authors: Singh O.G.
Published: September 2020

Conductance measurement method has been used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC)
and counterion binding constant values of binary mixtures of sodium decylsulphate (SDeS) with sodium
dodecylsulphate (SDS) in water at four different temperatures ranging from 298 K to 313 K at 5 K
intervals. Rubingh′s model has been used to calculate the mixed micellization properties viz. mixed
micelle composition, activity coefficient of the components, and mutual interaction parameter between
the components. Variation of these mixed micellization properties with temperature has been studied.
The studied binary surfactant mixtures show attractive interaction between the components and it
decreases with increase in temperature, which is an interesting trend. Thermodynamic parameters of
mixed micellization have also been calculated. The enthalpy (ΔH°mic) and entropy (ΔS°mic) of micellization
compensate each other.
Psuderanthimum reticulatum: A New Green Source for Dyeing of Cotton Fabric
Authors: Sheela S. Margrat , Vimala J. Rosaline , Bharathy M. Stella , Agila A. , Sharmila S. , Devaki A. Leela
Published: September 2020

In the present work, cotton fabrics were dyed using the acidified aqueous extract of Psuderanthimum reticulatum leaves with different mordants such as ferrous sulphate, stannous chloride, copper sulphate, potash alum and ferric alum by premordanting technique and various shades were obtained. The washing, perspiration and light fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were carried out by standard methods, ISO 105-C06 A2S-2010, ISO 105 E04-2013 and ISO 105 B02 Methods 3:2014, respectively. Cotton fabrics dyed with copper sulphate and ferric alum showed excellent to very good properties towards the entire fastness tests studied. The bioactive colourant present in the aqueous extract of Psuderanthimum reticulatum responsible for dyeing is anthocyanin pigment and it was identified by chemical test, UV & FTIR spectral and HPLC analysis.
Development and Validation of Novel HPLC Bioanalytical Analysis
Method for Acalabrutinib: An Anticancer Drug in Human Plasma
Authors: Krishna G. Atchutarama , Srinivasarao P. , Patrudu T. Benarji , Chidanandaswamy R.
Published: September 2020

The aim of the work is to develop and validate the bioanalytical RP-HPLC method for determination
of acalabrutinib in plasma with nifedipine drug as internal standard. Liquid-liquid extraction with
diethyl ether and methanol in the ratio of 50:50 (v/v) was used for the extraction of drugs from the
biological matrix. The optimized chromatography conditions consist of methanol, acetonitrile and
0.1% orthophosphoric acid in the ratio of 45:35:20 (v/v) as a mobile phase with KNAUER Eurospher
II C18 Column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μ) as stationary phase. Isocratic elution with 0.9 mL flow separates
acalabrutinib at 4.6 min and nifedipine at 6.8 min. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines
and linear calibration curve was obtained for the peak area ratio of acalabrutinib and nifedipine
compound across a range of 50-3000 ng/mL. Greater than 90% recoveries were obtained for
acalabrutinib. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) was found to be < 5% for precision studies.
Hence, the method was found to be suitable for the analysis of acalabrutinib in spiked human plasma
and is used for the pharmacokinetic study
Development and Validation of UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Aripiprazole in Rat Plasma Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Application
Authors: Raghuvanshi Ashish , Khan Urooj A. , Parveen Uzma , Gupta Anshul , Jain Gaurav K.
Published: September 2020

A selective, simple, sensitive and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass
spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the detection of aripiprazole in rat plasma has been developed
and validated using aripiprazole-D8 as internal standard (IS). A simple single step sample preparation
process was accomplished by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The post-treatment samples were
chromato-graphed and analyzed on a UPLC bridged ethyl hybrid (BEH) C-18 column using mobile
phase composition of acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid in water::70:30 (v/v). Aripiprazole was analyzed
by MS detector in positive electrospray ionization mode (ESI). Multiple reactions monitoring (MRM)
was employed to observed the transition for aripiprazole (m/z 448.35→285.09) and aripiprazole-D8
(m/z 456.2→293.2). The developed method was validated and found linear in the working range of
2-1025 ng/mL with correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.99951 and quantification limit of 2.02 ng/mL. All
validation parameters were in accordance with the ICH guidelines and met the acceptance criteria.
The method was found to be accurate (recovery, 97.07 to 103.64%, precise (% CV, 2.68 to 7.70%),
rapid (run time 4 min) and specific. The validated method was successfully used for the determination
of plasma concentration of aripiprazole after single oral administration in rats and hence could be
useful for in vivo pharmacokinetic study and bioequivalence testing of aripiprazole formulations.
Contribuições da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino para a Educação do Campo
Authors: Rigon Algacir José
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo objetivou explicitar alguns pressupostos fundamentais da Educação do Campo e da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino (AOE). Com isso, procura-se demonstrar que a possibilidade de emancipação humana e transformação social, especialmente no que diz respeitos aos povos do campo, passa pela atividade educativa, sendo que a AOE é um meio fundamental para que esse processo ocorra satisfatoriamente.
Bases vigotskianas da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino
Authors: Piotto Débora Cristina
Published: September 2020

O objetivo do artigo é discutir algumas bases vigotskianas que apoiam teórica e metodologicamente a Atividade Orientadora de Ensino. Para isso, inicialmente, o texto apresenta uma breve definição dessa Atividade. Em seguida, discorre sobre ideias vigotskianas como formação de conceitos e relação entre pensamento e fala. Como considerações finais, o artigo aponta a potencialidade educativa desse modo geral de organização do ensino.