bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SELECTION OF AN OPTIMUM GLOBAL GRAVITATIONAL MODEL FOR GEOLOGICAL MAPPING OF AFIKPO AND ANAMBRA BASINS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Apeh Ojima Isaac , Tenzer Robert
Published: June 2022

Combined Global Gravitational Models (GGMs) are being used in numerous geoscience applications, most notably for gravimetric geoid modeling (in geodesy) and for geological mapping and geophysical explorations (in the Earth’s sciences). The aim of this study is to evaluate the suitability of different combined GGMs that could be used for the geological mapping of middle belt region and Southeastern Nigeria. For this purpose, we digitized geological maps of Afikpo and Anambra Basins to evaluate geological signatures implied by gravity field quantities (Bouguer gravity anomalies and vertical gravity gradient) derived from the EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4, GECO, SGG-UGM-1 and XGM2019e_2159 gravitational models. We also stochastically evaluated the performance of these GGMs by computing their Root-Mean-Square (RMS) fit with ground-based gravity measurements. The results show that the EIGEN-6C4 and XGM2019e_2159 models have the best RMS fit with the ground-based gravity data. A spatial pattern in Bouguer gravity maps (compiled using these two models) generally closely agrees with a geological configuration of the basins, while also exhibiting some more detailed geological features. Interestingly, however, despite the XGM2019e has the best fit and better mimics major geological features, the gravity image from this model does not exhibit a sediment signature in a portion of the Afikpo basin. A possible reason is that the topographic information used to recover a higher-frequency gravity spectrum of this model might suppress a gravitational signature of subsurface density structures. A comprehensive interpretation of geological features thus requires a careful analysis of existing GGMs, terrestrial gravity data as well as all other reliable geological and geophysical information.
Stationary Accretion Flow with Nuclear Burning
Authors: Nagarajan Narenraju , Shigeyama Toshikazu
Published: June 2022

We present a series of numerical solutions of spherically symmetric stationary flows with nuclear burning accreted by a neutron star (or black hole). We consider the accretion of matter composed of carbon and oxygen, which mimics the flow after a neutron star is engulfed by a CO star or the CO core of a massive star. It is found that there are two types of transonic solutions depending on the accretion rate. The flow with a low accretion rate reaches the center (or the surface of the central object) at supersonic speeds. The other type with a high accretion rate has another sonic point inside the transonic point and the flow truncates at the sonic point. The critical accretion rate dividing these two types is derived as a function of the mass of the central object and the specific enthalpy in the ambient matter. We discuss implications from the solutions for a new mechanism of super-Chandrasekhar Type Ia supernovae and Type Icn supernovae.
Detection of an Extremely Large Impact Flash on Jupiter by High-cadence Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: Arimatsu Ko , Tsumura Kohji , Usui Fumihiko , Watanabe Jun-ichi
Published: June 2022

We report the detection of an optical impact flash on Jupiter on 2021 October 15 by a dedicated telescope, Planetary ObservatioN Camera for Optical Transient Surveys, for the first time. Our temporally resolved three-band observations of the flash allowed investigations of its optical energy without the need for approximations on the impact brightness temperature. The kinetic energy of the impactor was equivalent to approximately two megatons of TNT, an order of magnitude greater than that of previously detected flashes on Jupiter and comparable with the Tunguska impact on Earth in 1908. This detection indicates that Tunguska-like impact events on Jupiter occur approximately once per year, two to three orders of magnitude more frequently than terrestrial impacts. The observed flash displayed a single-temperature blackbody spectrum with an effective temperature of approximately 8300 K without clear temporal variation, possibly representing common radiative features of terrestrial Tunguska-class superbolides.
The Doppler Flip in HD 100546 as a Disk Eruption: The Elephant in the Room of Kinematic Protoplanet Searches
Authors: Casassus Simon , Cárcamo Miguel , Hales Antonio , Weber Philipp , Dent Bill
Published: June 2022

The interpretation of molecular-line data using hydrodynamical simulations of planet–disk interactions fosters new hope for the indirect detection of protoplanets. In a model-independent approach, embedded protoplanets should be found at the roots of abrupt Doppler flips in velocity centroid maps. However, the largest velocity perturbation known for an unwarped disk, in the disk of HD 100546, leads to a conspicuous Doppler flip that coincides with a thick dust ring, in contradiction with an interpretation in terms of a ≳1 M
jup body. Here we present new ALMA observations of the 12CO(2–1) kinematics in HD 100546, with a factor of 2 finer angular resolutions. We find that the disk rotation curve is consistent with a central mass 2.1 < M
⋆/M
⊙ < 2.3 and that the blueshifted side of the Doppler flip is due to vertical motions, reminiscent of the disk wind proposed previously from blueshifted SO lines. We tentatively propose a qualitative interpretation in terms of a surface disturbance to the Keplerian flow, i.e., a disk eruption, driven by an embedded outflow launched by a ∼10 M
earth body. Another interpretation involves a disk-mass-loading hot spot at the convergence of an envelope accretion streamer.
Insight-HXMT Discovery of the Highest-energy CRSF from the First Galactic Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124
Authors: Kong Ling-Da , Zhang Shu , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Ji Long , Doroshenko Victor , Santangelo Andrea , Chen Yu-Peng , Lu Fang-Jun , Ge Ming-Yu , Wang Peng-Ju , Tao Lian , Qu Jin-Lu , Li Ti-Pei , Liu Cong-Zhan , Liao Jin-Yuan , Chang Zhi , Peng Jing-Qiang , Shui Qing-Cang
Published: June 2022

The detection of cyclotron resonance scattering features (CRSFs) is the only way to directly and reliably measure the magnetic field near the surface of a neutron star (NS). The broad energy coverage and large collection area of Insight-HXMT in the hard X-ray band allowed us to detect the CRSF with the highest energy known to date, reaching about 146 keV during the 2017 outburst of the first galactic pulsing ultraluminous X-ray source (pULX) Swift J0243.6+6124. During this outburst, the CRSF was only prominent close to the peak luminosity of ∼2 × 1039 erg s−1, the highest to date in any of the Galactic pulsars. The CRSF is most significant in the spin-phase region corresponding to the main pulse of the pulse profile, and its centroid energy evolves with phase from 120 to 146 keV. We identify this feature as the fundamental CRSF because no spectral feature exists at 60–70 keV. This is the first unambiguous detection of an electron CRSF from an ULX. We also estimate a surface magnetic field of ∼1.6 × 1013 G for Swift J0243.6+6124. Considering that the dipole magnetic field strengths, inferred from several independent estimates of magnetosphere radius, are at least an order of magnitude lower than our measurement, we argue that the detection of the highest-energy CRSF reported here unambiguously proves the presence of multipole field components close to the surface of the neutron star. Such a scenario has previously been suggested for several pulsating ULXs, including Swift J0243.6+6124, and our result represents the first direct confirmation of this scenario.
Faraday Conversion in Pair-symmetric Winds of Magnetars and Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Lyutikov Maxim
Published: June 2022

We consider the propagation of polarization in the inner parts of pair-symmetric magnetar winds, close to the light cylinder. Pair plasmas in magnetic field is birefringent, a ∝ B
2 effect. As a result, such plasmas work as phase retarders: Stokes parameters follow a circular trajectory on the Poincare sphere. In the highly magnetized regime, ω, ω

p
≪ ω

B
, the corresponding rotation rates are independent of the magnetic field. A plasma screen with dispersion measure DM ∼ 10−6 pc cm−3 can induce large polarization changes, including large effective rotation measures (RMs). The frequency scaling of the (generalized) RM, ∝ λ

α
, mimics the conventional RM with α = 2 for small phase shifts, but can be as small as α = 1. In interpreting observations, the frequency scaling of polarization parameters should be fitted independently. The model offers explanations for (i) the large circular polarization component observed in FRBs, with right–left switching; (ii) large RM, with possible sign changes (when the observation bandwidth is small); and (iii) time-dependent variable polarization. A relatively dense and slow wind is needed—the corresponding effect in regular pulsars is small.
Cold Gas Reservoirs of Low- and High-mass Central Galaxies Differ in Response to Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback
Authors: Guo Hong , Jones Michael G. , Wang Jing
Published: June 2022

The growth of supermassive black holes, especially the associated state of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), is generally believed to be the key step in regulating star formation in massive galaxies. As the fuel of star formation, the cold gas reservoir is a direct probe of the effect of AGN feedback on their host galaxies. However, in observations, no clear connection has been found between AGN activity and the cold gas mass. In this paper, we find observational signals of the significant depletion of the total neutral hydrogen gas reservoir in optically selected Type 2 AGN-host central galaxies of stellar mass 109–1010
M
⊙. The effect of AGN feedback on the cold gas reservoir is stronger for higher star formation rates and higher AGN luminosity. But it becomes much weaker above this mass range, consistent with previous findings focusing on massive galaxies. Our result suggests that low-mass and gas-rich AGN-host central galaxies would first form dense cores before AGN feedback is triggered, removing their neutral hydrogen gas. More massive central galaxies may undergo a significantly different formation scenario by gradually building up dense cores with less effective and recurrent AGN feedback.
A comparative study between children and adults with bacterial neuroinfections
Authors: Argirova Petya K. , Kalchev Yordan I. , Boev Ivan P. , Vatev Nikolay T. , Murdjeva Marianna A. , Vartigova Mariyana S.
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial meningitis is an acute purulent infection of the meninges. There are significant differences in the etiological spectrum, clinical course and outcome of bacterial meningitis in the age groups, and their recognition is important for early diagnosis and adequate therapy.

Aim: The study aims to determine the differences in the etiology and clinical presentation of bacterial meningitis between children and adults.

Materials and methods: The study included 90 patients (25 children and 65 adults) with bacterial neuroinfection admitted to St George University Hospital, Plovdiv between January 1, 2016 and September 31, 2019. We applied epidemiological and clinical analysis, microbiological and statistical methods.

Results: In adults, the most common etiological agent was Streptococcus pneumoniae (20%), followed by Staphylococcus spp. (18.5%), Listeria monocytogenes (12.3%), Streptococcus spp. (3.1%), Haemophilus influenzae (3.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.5%), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1.5%). The etiological structure in children was different: Neisseria meningitidis (20%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (16%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8%), Enterococcus faecium (8%), Streptococcus salivarius (4%), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (4%). In 40% of the cases, both children and adults, the causative agent was not identified.

Conclusions: Regarding the clinical presentation, a statistical significance between the age groups was found with headache and alterations in consciousness, more commonly seen in adults, while vomiting, ear pain was more common in children (p<0.05). Concomitant otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, and sepsis were often observed. The mortality rate was much higher in adults (43%) when compared with children (8%).
Long-term follow-up results of cytarabine-containing chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Park Young Hoon , Kim Dae-Young , Mun Yeung-Chul , Cho Eun Kyung , Lee Jae Hoon , Jo Deog-Yeon , Kim Inho , Yoon Sung-Soo , Park Seon Yang , Kim Byoungkook , Bang Soo-Mee , Kim Hawk , Min Young Joo , Park Jae Hoo , Seo Jong Jin , Moon Hyung Nam , Lee Moon Hee , Kim Chul Soo , Lee Won Sik , Chong So Young , Oh Doyeun , Zang Dae Young , Lee Kyung Hee , Hyun Myung Soo , Kim Heung Sik , Kim Sung-Hyun , Kwon Hyukchan , Kim Hyo Jin , Park Kyung Tae , Bae Sung Hwa , Ryoo Hun Mo , Choi Jung Hye , Ahn Myung-Ju , Yoon Hwi-Joong , Nam Sung-Hyun , Kim Bong-Seog , Seong Chu-Myong
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims: We evaluated the feasibility and long-term efficacy of the combination of cytarabine, idarubicin, and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for treating patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).Methods: We included 87 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and a t(15;17) or promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARα) mutation. Patients received 12 mg/m2/day idarubicin intravenously for 3 days and 100 mg/m2/day cytarabine for 7 days, plus 45 mg/m2/day ATRA. Clinical outcomes included complete remission (CR), relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and the secondary malignancy incidence during a 20-year follow-up.Results: The CR, 10-year RFS, and 10-year OS rates were 89.7%, 94.1%, and 73.8%, respectively, for all patients. The 10-year OS rate was 100% for patients that achieved CR. Subjects were classified according to the white blood cell (WBC) count in peripheral blood at diagnosis (low-risk, WBC < 10,000/mm3; high-risk, WBC ≥ 10,000/mm3). The low-risk group had significantly higher RFS and OS rates than the high-risk group, but the outcomes were not superior to the current standard treatment (arsenic trioxide plus ATRA). Toxicities were similar to those observed with anthracycline plus ATRA, and higher than those observed with arsenic trioxide plus ATRA. The secondary malignancy incidence after APL treatment was 2.7%, among the 75 patients that achieved CR, and 5.0% among the 40 patients that survived more than 5 years after the APL diagnosis.Conclusions: Adding cytarabine to anthracycline plus ATRA was not inferior to anthracycline plus ATRA alone, but it was not comparable to arsenic trioxide plus ATRA. The probability of secondary malignancy was low.
La carapace idéologique des jeunes dits « radicalisés »
Authors: Harel Jérémy , Perez Frédéric
Published: June 2022

Les auteurs, psychologues et éducateurs en prévention de la radicalisation, interrogent la manière dont les jeunes en risque de radicalisation vivent leur corps et ce qu’ils viennent chercher dans une pratique rigoriste de l’islam. Ils proposent la notion de carapace idéologique comme prothèse aux fonctions défaillantes de leur Moi-peau et démontrent comment, en période de pandémie, les écrans et objets virtuels les protègent en même temps qu’ils les soumettent.
La citation pascalienne chez Éric Rohmer : d’un conte à l’autre
Authors: Perez Félix
Published: June 2022

Dans ces deux contes de Noël de Rohmer, Ma nuit chez Maud (1968) et Conte d’hiver (1992), la citation du pari de Pascal tient une place centrale mais différente – pari autour de l’existence de celui qui croit et de celui qui ne croit pas. Dans l’un, le lien au pari passe par la citation, dans l’autre, par un personnage ignorant Pascal et l’incarnant par le cœur. L’inspiration occupe-t-elle un plus haut rang que le livre désormais chez Rohmer : « le verbe s’est-il fait chair » ?
Transitional-Age Youth With Chronic Medical and Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Rahmat Saad , O'Connor Ryan , Qayyum Zheala
Published: June 2022

Transitional-age youth with chronic medical illness are a particularly vulnerable population that are at higher risk of mental health issues and psychosocial stress. It is important that both medical and mental health issues be addressed in a developmentally and culturally informed manner, as they transition from the long-term relationships they have built in pediatric settings to adult health care providers.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2022;52:227–231.]
Sudden Appearance of a Large Apparent Foreign Body in an Eye After Blunt Trauma: A Case of Sömmering Ring and Literature Review
Authors: Awad Ramy , Yacout Reem , Sheta Eman , Awad Khaled
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE:

To present a case of dislocated Sömmering ring and a literature review of similar cases with highlights of the similarities and differences between them.

METHODS:

Case report and literature review.

RESULTS:

A 65-year-old man presented with sudden appearance of a large white apparent foreign body in his left eye following blunt trauma. The patient underwent cataract surgery without intraocular lens implantation, having had cataract secondary to blunt ocular trauma 53 years ago. Cataract extraction was done under general anesthesia and histopathologic examination was performed. Current literature bodies was reviewed for patients diagnosed as having Sömmering ring.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients who underwent cataract surgery with old-fashioned techniques have a possibility of developing unusual complications such as Sömmering ring. In such cases, high myopia is a risk factor for ring dislocation.

[J Refractive Surgery Case Reports.2022;2(2):e43–e45.]
Projet médical, cauchemar sanitaire : les hôpitaux militaires français comme milieux de savoir (Italie, 1796-1801)
Authors: Tortosa Paul-Arthur
Published: June 2022

Cet article analyse les hôpitaux militaires français comme des milieux de savoir dont l’aménagement dans des villes étrangères pose des problèmes à la fois scientifiques, sociaux et politiques. Tout d’abord, il établit que ces hôpitaux sont des institutions hybrides visant à surveiller et guérir les soldats. Ensuite, il étudie les tensions engendrées par ce double impératif, l’organisation d’un milieu à la fois thérapeutique et disciplinaire, ainsi que les contraintes imposées par le manque de temps et de moyens. Enfin, il s’intéresse à l’intégration de ces milieux thérapeutiques et disciplinaires mais aussi iatrogènes et anxiogènes dans le milieu urbain et les réactions des populations italiennes à ces établissements.
Enjeux épistémiques et politiques des recherches sur l’évacuation géologique des déchets nucléaires. Étude d’une controverse sur l’implantation d’un laboratoire souterrain dans la Vienne (1994-1998)
Authors: Patinaux Leny
Published: June 2022

Dans la France des années 1990, la construction d’un laboratoire souterrain est considérée comme une étape indispensable dans l’étude des possibilités de stockage géologique de déchets nucléaires. Toutefois, l’évaluation de la pertinence d’implanter une telle installation demande d’apprécier les chances qu’elle permette bien de caractériser un potentiel site de stockage. À partir de l’étude d’une controverse sur l’implantation d’un laboratoire dans la Vienne, cet article questionne ce que signifie montrer la sûreté d’un stockage de déchets nucléaire.
Introduction - Les Cahiers François Viète, acteur et témoin de vingt années d'évolution de l'histoire des sciences et des techniques
Authors: Boucard Jenny , Tirard Stéphane
Published: June 2022

Pour célébrer les vingt premières années d’existence des Cahiers François Viète, le comité de rédaction a décidé de consacrer un volume à des textes prenant la forme de bilans historiographiques et retours d’expérience sur les évolutions de l'histoire des sciences et des techniques depuis deux décennies. Les cinq articles et deux entretiens rassemblés dans le présent volume sont donc autant d'analyses collectives ou personnelles, couvrant de nombreux champs et questionnements actuels d’histoire des sciences et des techniques, centrés sur l’époque contemporaine.
De l’histoire des journaux mathématiques à l’histoire de la circulation mathématique
Authors: Peiffer Jeanne , Gispert Hélène , Nabonnand Philippe
Published: June 2022

Formulé en 2014, ce projet collectif de recherche en histoire des mathématiques visait à étudier dans des aires géographiques larges et une temporalité longue une histoire des circulations mathématiques par l’intermédiaire des journaux. Son inscription dans le contexte scientifique est décrite, avec une attention particulière aux sources qui l’ont nourri et aux impulsions reçues. En mettant l’accent sur la diversité des publics pour les mathématiques, le programme va bien au-delà de la circulation dans la communauté internationale des mathématiciens. En privilégiant la longue durée, il permet de mieux appréhender l’émergence des journaux ciblant cette communauté. En considérant un espace globalisé, il ouvre une perspective sur l’offre éditoriale disponible à un moment et dans un territoire donnés.
Wave Converters against Energy Systems? Le Minou’s Ram and the Cattaneo Ondo-Pump in the Frame of French Blue Coal Policy (1925-1945)
Authors: Marrec Anaël
Published: June 2022

This article develops two case studies of wave energy devices projects during the interwar period in France: Le Minou’s ram (1925-1927) and the Cattaneo ondo-pump (1925-1945). These historical examples meet two objectives, one historical and the other epistemological: they show the existence of mechanisms of persistence in the technological imaginary that orient the technical possibilities of the “thermo-industrial civilization” and they question the relevance and current use of the concept of “energy system” as a tool to analyze societies.
Regards croisés avec Alain Gras et Charles-François Mathis : approches systémiques en histoire de l’énergie
Authors: Marrec Anaël
Published: June 2022

Cette interview croisée fait intervenir Alain Gras et Charles-François Mathis, deux chercheurs qui utilisent des approches systémiques en histoire de l’énergie. Avec des terrains et des regards disciplinaires distincts, les deux auteurs montrent la fécondité de ces approches pour saisir des spécificités contemporaines dans la mobilisation de l’énergie : celle de la société mondialisée où s’est développé le macro-système électrique, celle de l’Angleterre victorienne, où l’omniprésence du charbon, formant un véritable système charbonnier, ne connut ni précédent ni réplique. Les deux systèmes tendent à délocaliser la production et la consommation d’énergie, mais alors que le macro-système électrique procède à une invisibilisation des réalités matérielles et sociales des infrastructures énergétiques, pour la « civilisation du charbon », la matérialité de ce combustible est palpable dans de nombreux aspects du quotidien.
L’Umweltraum de Jakob von Uexküll. Le signe, l’espace, le temps et les philosophes
Authors: Campion Yannick
Published: June 2022

Cet article propose une analyse épistémologique des concepts de Sujet, de Signe, d'Espace et de Temps tels que Jakob von Uexküll les utilise à la fin de son œuvre. En s'appuyant sur les premiers chapitres de Milieu animal et milieu humain (1934) et sur Théorie de la signification (1940), nous considérerons les enjeux philosophiques que ces notions soulèvent, en mettant en évidence : les sources classiques d'Uexküll (le Sujet chez Descartes et Kant) ; les influences de l'œuvre d'Uexküll sur la phénoménologie (le Temps chez Heidegger et Merleau-Ponty) ; les rapports indirects qu'entretiennent la pensée d'Uexküll et la tradition sémiotique (le Signe et l'Imagination chez Berkeley et Peirce).
Introduction
Authors: Figueiredo Fernando B.
Published: June 2022

This volume is dedicated to the Portuguese history of astronomy, from the Discoveries to the middle of the 20th century. It is composed of research articles by six recognised Portuguese scholars and its main objective is to place the history of Portuguese astronomy of this period in the wider context of the international historiography. It is a rich and (possibly) unknown history to the international community of historians of science.
The Diverse Ecology of Electronic Materials
Authors: Mody Cyrus C. M.
Published: June 2022

Silicon has been the dominant material in microelectronics for a half century. Other materials, however, have subsidiary roles in microelectronics manufacturing. A few materials have even been promoted as replacements for silicon. Yet because of silicon’s dominance, none of these alternatives has gone from bench to brand; nor could any of them progress from brand to bench. For these reasons, historians have paid little attention to silicon and almost none to other microelectronics materials. I show, however, that we can better understand how the organization of the semiconductor (silicon) industry has changed over time by examining alternative microelectronic materials. I do so by presenting two case studies: one of a superconducting computing program at IBM, the most likely candidate to overthrow silicon in the ‘70s; the other of carbon fullerenes, the most likely candidates to overthrow silicon today.
Introduction - Pluralité et structuration des recherches du Centre François Viète
Authors: Boucard Jenny
Published: June 2022

Suite au lancement de la série III des Cahiers François Viète en septembre 2016, nous avons choisi de présenter, dans ce quatrième volume, la diversité des thèmes de recherche du Centre François Viète d’épistémologie, d’histoire des sciences et des techniques. Ce volume a donc été constitué à partir d’un appel à contribution ouvert aux membres du Centre Viète et à quelques chercheurs proches de l’équipe. Il rend aussi compte de la structuration des recherches du Centre Viète suivant trois axes transversaux : « concepts et théories » ; « traces et matérialités des savoirs » ; « artefacts et systèmes ».
Joseph Liouville et le Bureau des longitudes : mettre le pied à l’étrier à de jeunes savants et contrôler les dérives hégémoniques
Authors: Le Lay Colette
Published: June 2022

Tandis que son œuvre mathématique a fait l’objet de plusieurs études, le rôle joué par Joseph Liouville (1809-1882) dans l’astronomie française demeure moins connu. Je propose d’opérer ici ce décentrage et d’examiner par quel mécanisme académique Liouville en vient à siéger au Bureau des longitudes, y succédant à une lignée de prestigieux géomètres. Mettant le pied à l’étrier à plus d’un jeune homme ambitieux issu de l’École polytechnique, il occupe également une position institutionnelle centrale lors de la grave crise traversée par l’astronomie française de 1854 à 1870.
Observatoires français dans l’Algérie coloniale : forme et spatialité
Authors: Soulu Frédéric
Published: June 2022

Entre 1830 et 1962, les Français installent des observatoires sur le territoire algérien qu’ils occupent. Trois régimes de spatialité sont identifiés entre 1830 et 1940. Une analyse de ces lieux de construction des savoirs scientifiques est réalisée selon plusieurs niveaux d’échelle spatiale et permet d’en identifier quelques caractéristiques. Enfin, la contribution s’achève par une étude comparative avec quelques observatoires français ayant fait l’objet de monographies historiques afin de définir les caractéristiques propres à la situation coloniale et celles qui relèvent d’une situation commune.
Le fil rouge. Pratiques mémorielles dans les sciences de la vie en Roumanie communiste (1945-1965)
Authors: Oghină-Pavie Cristiana
Published: June 2022

L’étude des pratiques mémorielles dans les sciences de la vie en Roumanie pendant la période 1945-1965 permet d’observer l’adhésion de scientifiques et des institutions, contrôlés par l’État, à la stratégie qui consiste non seulement à diriger la science, mais aussi à lui fournir des arguments de légitimité dans le passé. Les sources scientifiques et politiques montrent une évolution du régime d’historicité de la science, dans la tension entre le projet politique d’acculturation du modèle soviétique et l’attachement à la continuité de la science nationale.
La clandestinidad al revés durante la “Revolución Argentina”. El episodio de los tenientes peronistas (1966-1973)
Authors: Tolosa Alejo
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo busca reconstruir el
derrotero de un grupo al interior del ejército conocido como “los
tenientes peronistas” durante el período de la “Revolución Argentina”
(1966-1973). Mediante el análisis de fuentes inéditas y entrevistas a
sus protagonistas me propongo describir este episodio, su alcance y
cómo la intervención de la justicia militar impactó en su
incorporación al movimiento peronista. Mi hipótesis reside en que este
episodio constituye una expresión genuina de la oficialidad subalterna
en el contexto de conflictividad político-social de los años sesenta y
setenta y desborda las caracterizaciones de la época sobre las
corrientes internas del ejército.
La reforma universitaria en tiempos revueltos. El movimiento estudiantil uruguayo antes y después de 1968
Authors: Markarian Vania
Published: June 2022

En 1965, el movimiento estudiantil uruguayo se
opuso al lanzamiento de un “programa para mejorar la enseñanza de las
ciencias” a dictarse en la Universidad de la República (Udelar) a
cargo de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA). Con el respaldo
de un grupo de docentes, en su mayoría de la Facultad de Ingeniería y
Agrimensura (FIA), representantes del orden estudiantil redactaron un
elocuente pronunciamiento en rechazo a dicho programa, criticando su
bajo nivel académico y alegando que estaba reñido con los objetivos
generales de la institución. Dado que se referían al papel de la OEA
en el subcontinente, el antiimperialismo era un componente central de
su retórica, pero los estudiantes ponían el énfasis en la necesidad de
conciliar las políticas científicas y el “desarrollo nacional” dentro
de la universidad. Las firmes posturas de los estudiantes no pudieron
detener el proyecto de la OEA, pero sus acciones fueron decisivas en
el fortalecimiento de la alianza que forjaron con docentes abocados al
desarrollo de la investigación científica en la institución. También
facilitaron la elección de Oscar Maggiolo como rector en 1966 y la
elaboración en 1967 de un ambicioso programa de promoción de la
ciencia y la tecnología en la universidad. Estos hechos sugieren que
la actitud contestataria del movimiento estudiantil a mediados de los
sesenta favoreció la reforma académica. No obstante, el momento álgido
de las protestas en 1968 constituyó un punto de inflexión en esas
controversias. A partir de entonces, ante la creciente represión y el
autoritarismo de derecha, la mayoría de los estudiantes movilizados
dejaron de lado el debate sobre la reforma universitaria y se volcaron
a causas políticas radicales. El horizonte de la revolución sustituyó
la confianza en las instituciones de educación terciaria como motores
del cambio social. Este artículo analiza estas posturas cambiantes y
el desarrollo de instancias de protesta cada vez más violentas en el
período anterior al golpe de Estado de 1973 en Uruguay, que terminó
cercenando este y otros debates relacionados.
La Universidad y los medios masivos de comunicación. Televisión Universitaria en Uruguay (1967-1973)
Authors: Secco Lucía
Published: June 2022

En Uruguay, la Universidad de la República (UDELAR) tuvo un programa fijo los lunes a la noche en Canal 5 del Servicio Oficial de Difusión Radio Eléctrica (SODRE) entre 1967 y 1973. El programa estuvo estructurado en ciclos mensuales temáticos llevados adelante por docentes universitarios expertos en el área de conocimiento. Este formato le dio flexibilidad al espacio televisivo y permitió que fuera utilizado para diversos objetivos, canalizando distintas necesidades de difusión. Este artículo pretende indagar en los contenidos de los programas y las discusiones y proyectos al interior de la Universidad, para conocer los usos que se hicieron del programa en el espacio universitario en Canal 5.
Stratégies d’adaptation des communautés rurales à la précarité hydrique dans la commune urbaine de Téra, dans le Liptako Nigérien
Authors: Moussa Yayé
Published: June 2022

Cet article identifie, analyse et évalue les différentes stratégies d’adaptation sociales développées par les communautés rurales de la commune urbaine de Téra, dans le Liptako nigérien, pour faire face à la précarité hydrique. Les contraintes hydrogéologiques, climatiques, démographiques et la faible dotation de villages en points d’eau modernes entrainent une situation de précarité hydrique à laquelle les communautés tentent d’apporter des réponses sociales. Elles mettent ainsi en place une diversité de stratégies (diversification des sources d'approvisionnement en eau, recours massif aux points d’eau traditionnels, mixité des usages, mutualisation des points d’eau, et cetera) ordonnancées dans une chronologie saisonnière permettant de créer une complémentarité d’une part entre des villages à situation hydraulique différente et d’autre part entre les points d’eau modernes, insuffisants en nombre, et les points traditionnels encore au centre du système d’approvisionnement en eau des communautés rurales. Mais en raison de la croissance démographique et des activités pastorales, les besoins en eau sont en constante augmentation. Dans un contexte de réchauffement climatique, la pression sur les ressources hydriques risque de s'accentuer et de remettre en cause les réponses sociales contribuant à l’accès universel à l’eau. Les tensions et les conflits sur l’accès à cette ressource risquent de se développer si des réponses politiques ne sont pas apportées, notamment en matière d’investissements dans les infrastructures hydrauliques en milieu rural. Les zones rurales semblent en effet demeurer une catégorie territoriale périphérique recevant peu de regards et d’actions publiques en matière d’amélioration des conditions de vie de populations et de cohésion territoriale.
Dynamiques contrastées de reverdissement et dégradation de la couverture végétale au Sénégal révélées par analyse de série temporelle du NDVI MODIS
Authors: Solly Boubacar , Andrieu Julien , Dieye El Hadji Balla , Jarju Aruna M
Published: June 2022

Cette étude cherche à analyser les changements de la couverture végétale dans les écorégions du Sénégal durant ces deux dernières décennies (2000 à 2019) à l’aide d’une série temporelle d’images MODIS Normalized difference vegetation index (MODIS NDVI) de 16 jours et d’une résolution spatiale de 250 mètres. La méthode de l’étude est une combinaison de la télédétection et de la statistique. Le traitement des données a obéi à trois principales étapes : l’Analyse en composantes principales (ACP) sur la série temporelle 2000-2019 suivie de la classification non supervisée en utilisant le résultat de l’ACP ; le calcul du NDVI moyen des 23 périodes de 16 jours ; le calcul de la corrélation ou « tau » (τ) de Kendall associé au test de significativité de p≤0,1. Les résultats indiquent des modifications dans l’évolution du rythme phénologique des classes correspondant aux cultures de bas-fond, aux vallées inondables, à la mangrove, à la forêt dense, et à la savane arborée et boisée. Certaines modifications sont assimilables à une dégradation, et d’autre à un reverdissement. De même, il a été constaté un décalage temporel et une saison verte plus tardive. En effet, la corrélation de Kendall a indiqué une augmentation du NDVI entre 2000-2009 principalement dans les écorégions de l’est du pays, du sud-ouest et de la zone des estuaires avec une tendance significative. Durant la décennie 2010-2019, un ensemble de petites zones de progression a été noté. Par contre, les valeurs de corrélations négatives de NDVI, qui dénotent une diminution de l’activité végétative, s’observent principalement dans les écorégions du nord et du centre-ouest du pays avec une tendance toutefois non significative.
Understanding the Intersection of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Incarceration
Authors: Schlatter Tabitha Buchanan , Dukes Christina D. , Karlosky Stephanie P. , Michael Tony , Turner Katherine Hermann , Brown Corrin N.
Published: June 2022

Extensive research has examined the role and effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) throughout the lifespan. High associations are evident between ACEs and incarceration, as incarceration in the household affects children, and incarcerated individuals frequently have a high number of ACEs. Variables such as substance use, physical and mental health, gender differences, and risk factors for reoffending also have indicated a connection with ACEs and incarceration. While research findings have highlighted ACEs influence on health and wellness, current studies are beginning to examine the variables of resiliency, protective factors, and intervention strategies and their role in mitigating ACEs. The purpose of this chapter is to examine ACEs, the subsequent connections to incarceration and substance use, and the mitigating effects of resiliency and positive childhood experiences with incarcerations and families.
Foster Care Youth With an Incarcerated Parent
Authors: Williams Regina Gavin , Barrow Jennifer
Published: June 2022

Children and adolescents are removed from their homes and placed within foster care due to various concerns. One entry point to foster care that presents various challenges to the mental, emotional, and behavioral stability and adult-sufficiency of youth are those with an incarcerated parent. Research indicated that 20-30% of foster care youth have an incarcerated parent. Yet, the children of incarcerated parents are often understudied when it comes addressing the issues and needs of foster care youth. This chapter will focus on the role out-of-home care plays on youth who are in foster care due to the incarceration of a parent. The barriers foster care youth with an incarcerated parent experience will be examined, and the intersection of parental criminal justice involvement and child welfare involvement will be explored. Protective factors, practice, and policy implications for human service professionals supporting youth in foster care who have an incarcerated parent will be shared.
Counseling Strategies to Disrupt the School-Prison Nexus
Authors: Gray Joy
Published: June 2022

The school-prison nexus is comprised of all systems and services that reduce access to education and increase involvement with the justice system, particularly for clients of color. All professionals who come into contact with these services are in an ideal position to disrupt this system and address social inequities; however, they may overtly or covertly also be contributing to the nexus through inequitable practices. Consequently, this chapter will firstly explore how the school-prison nexus contributes to incarceration, including an exploration of how the systems in which counselors and other helping professionals are integral to this nexus through racist practices. The chapter then moves on to suggest ways in which helping professionals can work to disrupt this nexus in their work. These strategies to disrupt the school-prison nexus focus on how examining professional bias and applying a systems-based approach to practice can assist in achieving the social change necessary to end the criminalization of youth of color and address the impacts of incarceration before it happens.
School Supports for Students Impacted by Incarceration
Authors: Sappio Erin M. , Howland Jessica
Published: June 2022

This chapter describes the academic, behavioral, and mental health impact incarceration has on youth. It describes ways school counselors, school psychologists, and teachers can offer support for students during and post incarceration, as well as ways school personnel can support students with incarcerated parents. Implications for schools to intervene on behalf of the student impacted by incarceration and areas for future research are offered. Understanding educationally based supports available to children who are incarcerated or who have incarcerated parents can enhance outcomes for those youth. Counselors working with these youth in mental health settings can share knowledge of school-based supports with the families of affected youth. Counselors can also consult with school personnel to ensure affected youth are receiving appropriate services.
Preventing Students' Incarceration and Supporting Students With Incarcerated Family Members
Authors: Huang Pao-Yin
Published: June 2022

This chapter aims to discover incarceration issues in school settings and corresponding interventions from school counseling and promote a systemic change. This chapter will mainly focus on two incarceration issues that students might experience: students with incarcerated household members and students with behavioral issues in school that might potentially lead to detention and incarceration in the school-to-prison pipeline context. In order to stop the school-to-prison pipeline, school counselors and mental health professionals in school serve a critical role to intervene and support students at an early stage while they encounter incarceration issues. The content in this chapter includes (1) understanding students' experiences around incarceration issues through trauma, grief, and loss lenses in the school-to-prison pipeline context; (2) supporting students through existing school counseling systems and resources; and (3) advocacy.
Effect of gaseous ozone treatment on biofilm of dairy-isolated Pseudomonas spp. strains
Authors: Panebianco Felice , Rubiola Selene , Chiesa Francesco , Civera Tiziana , Di Ciccio Pierluigi Aldo
Published: June 2022

Microbial biofilms existing in food industries have been implicated as important contamination sources of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in the finished products. Among the innovative strategies proposed to contrast biofilms in food environments, ozone is recognised as an environmentally friendly technology but there are few studies about its effect against bacterial biofilms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of gaseous ozone (50 ppm for 6 h) in inhibition and eradication of biofilm formed by twenty-one dairyisolated Pseudomonas spp. strains. Before ozone treatments, all isolates were screened for biofilm formation according to a previously described method. Strains were then divided in four groups: weak, weak/moderate, moderate/strong, and strong biofilm producers based on the biofilm biomass value of each isolate determined using the optical density (OD - 595 nm). Inhibition treatment was effective on the strain (C1) belonging to the weak producers’ group, on all strains classified as weak/moderate producers, on two strains (C8 and C12) belonging to the group of moderate/strong producers and on one strain (C13) classified as strong producer. Conversely, eradication treatments were ineffective on all strains tested, except for the strain C4 which reduced its biofilm-forming abilities after exposure to ozone gas. In conclusion, gaseous ozone may be used to enhance existing sanitation protocols in food processing environments, but its application alone not seems sufficient to contrast Pseudomonas spp. established biofilms.
USP9X INCREASED TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS IN MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA BY UPREGULATION OF CCND1- MEDIATED SOX11
Authors: Huang Gang , Liao Jianjun , Wang Mingli , Huang Yali , Tang Mingjie , Hao Yanyan
Published: June 2022

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive lymphoid malignancy with a poor prognosis. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X), has been found to be associated with multiple physiological pathways and regulate a variety of cellular activities. In this study, we explored the role of USP9X in MCL in vitro and in vivo. USP9X was verified to be increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MCL patients and MCL cells. Moreover, USP9X overexpression and knockdown were performed in MCL cells. We proved that USP9X overexpression promoted proliferation and cell cycle, and suppressed cell apoptosis in MCL cells. Unregulation of angiogenesis and cell migrate were induced by USP9X overexpression in MCL cells. However, USP9X knockdown showed opposite effects. In addition, USP9X was discovered to decrease Cyclin D1 (CCND1)-mediated SOX11 expression in MCL cells. We demonstrated that SOX11 overexpression reversed USP9X knockdown-mediated angiogenesis in MCL cells. Besides, tumor formation was inhibited by USP9X knockdown in mice in vivo. In conclusion, these results revealed that USP9X promoted tumor angiogenesis in MCL via increasing CCND1- mediated SOX11.
The correlation of ineffective erythropoiesis biomarkers and development of extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia
Authors: Chansai Siriyakorn , Yamsri Supawadee , Fucharoen Supan , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Teawtrakul Nattiya
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is one of the main complications in patients with thalassemia in compensation for the underlying ineffective erythropoiesis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ineffective erythropoiesis biomarkers and EMH in patients with thalassemia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of thalassemia patients aged >18 years old at Srinagarind Hospital was performed. Phosphatidylserine-exposed red blood cells (PS-exposed RBCs) were studied by flow cytometry. The levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels were determined using ELISA.

Results: One hundred and thirty-one patients were enrolled. EMH was found in 34 patients (26.0%). EMH was more prevalent among patients with β-thalassemia as compared to those with α-thalassemia (36.4% vs. 4.7%).  The levels of GDF15 and sTfR were different between the two groups and indicated a greater degree of ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia patients. The levels of PS-exposed RBCs showed a modest correlation with EMH. Advanced age and the PS-exposed RBC levels had a statistical significance associated with EMH.

Conclusions: Advanced age and high PS-exposed RBC levels are associated with EMH in thalassemia. PS-exposed RBCs showed a modest correlation with EMH and may be used to predict the development of EMH in thalassemia.
Comparing felt intensity patterns for deep intraslab earthquakes in the Cascadia and Chilean subduction zones, offshore British Columbia, United States, and Chile
Authors: Rutherford J , Cassidy J F
Published: June 2022

In this study, we utilize US Geological Survey citizen science earthquake felt intensity data to investigate whether deep, intraslab earthquakes in the Chilean Subduction Zone show similar, 'felt intensity' distributions to events of the same magnitude and depths
within the Cascadia Subduction Zone (Quitoriano & Wald, 2020; USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, 2020). In a companion article (Rutherford & Cassidy, 2022) we examine crustal earthquake intensity patterns for the Chile and Cascadia subduction zones. One goal of this comparison is to
determine whether felt intensity information from several recent large (M8-8.8) subduction earthquakes in Chile can be applied to Cascadia (where no subduction earthquakes have been felt since 1700). This will provide a better understanding of shaking intensity patterns for future subduction
earthquakes in Cascadia - critical information for scientists, engineers, and emergency management organizations.
For this research, we utilized 20 years of catalogued 'Did You Feel It?' (DYFI) citizen science data from the US Geological Survey's (USGS) earthquake online catalogue, the ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat) Documentation (USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, 2021). In total, we compared
intensity patterns from five earthquakes in Cascadia (M4.8, M5.0. M6.7 & M6.8) to the intensity patterns from 157 earthquakes in Chile, with the same magnitudes as the Cascadia events (M4.8-M6.8).
Our analysis involved plotting and fitting the Chile and Cascadia earthquakes' DYFI responses in order to compare the intensity patterns for the two subduction zones. Overall, we find good agreement between felt patterns in Chile and Cascadia. For example, all plots show the expected downward trend
for intensity with distance; and there is generally a similar intensity clustering of responses around 50 to 300 km hypo-central distance. These results provide confidence that we can use Chilean intensity data for megathrust earthquakes in Cascadia.