bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It's Not Too Late to Improve Statin Adherence: Association Between Changes in Statin Adherence from Before to After Acute Myocardial Infarction and All‐Cause Mortality
Authors: Hickson Ryan P. , Robinson Jennifer G. , Annis Izabela E. , Killeya‐Jones Ley A. , Fang Gang
Published: March 2019

Background

Many older patients have a change in statin adherence—either an increase or a decrease—from before to after an acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
), but its association with mortality is unknown.

Methods and Results

Using Medicare administrative claims, a cohort of patients ≥66 years old with an
AMI
hospitalization from 2008 to 2010 was assembled. Statin adherence was measured for 180 days pre‐
AMI
and 180 days post‐
AMI
and categorized as severely nonadherent, moderately nonadherent, or adherent. Categorical change in statin adherence from pre‐ to post‐
AMI
was assessed. Patients were then followed for up to 18 months for all‐cause mortality. A Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate the effects of statin adherence change on all‐cause mortality, adjusted for patient baseline characteristics. Of 101 011 eligible patients, 20% had a categorical increase in adherence, 16% decreased, and 14% remained nonadherent both pre‐ and post‐
AMI
. Compared with patients who were always severely nonadherent (both pre‐ and post‐
AMI
), patients whose adherence increased from severely nonadherent to adherent (hazard ratio=0.83; 95%
CI
: 0.75–0.92) and patients who were always adherent (hazard ratio=0.88; 95%
CI
: 0.82–0.94) were less likely to die; patients whose adherence decreased from moderately nonadherent to severely nonadherent were more likely to die (hazard ratio=1.11; 95%
CI
: 1.01–1.22).

Conclusions

After an
AMI
, patients with decreased statin adherence had the worst mortality outcomes. However, patients with increased statin adherence had a similar risk of mortality compared with continuously adherent patients, suggesting that, even after an
AMI
, it is not too late to improve statin adherence.
Manipulizm a pierwsze pełne tłumaczenie „Dziadów” na język angielski
Authors: Brajerska-Mazur Agata
Published: March 2019

Manipulism and the First Complete Verse Translation of “Dziady” into English How did the translator cope with the task of translating into English the national poetic drama series which, together with Pan Tadeusz and Wesele, is considered to be one of the national epics? Did he manage to respond to the linguistic and cultural challenges such as: the complicated structure of the Romantic drama, the combination of low and grand styles, the depiction of Polish society at the time of the Partitions, the interweaving of historical and autobiographical events into the texture of the plot and the Polish reality pictured? Is the epic translatable at all? This translation – like all others – “was not made in the vacuum” which influenced the rendition of its Polishes and the loose structure of Romantic drama. The author of this paper identifies changes and deformations of the Polish Dziady in Kraszewski’s translation and shows their cause.
Mild brain injury education: preparing the caregiver
Authors: Schackow LeAnn , Lape Jennifer E
Published: March 2019

Background/Aim

The purpose of this pre-test, post-test study was to determine if caregivers of patients diagnosed with a mild brain injury feel better prepared for the caregiving role following a single, individualised education session in the acute care hospital setting.

Methods

A total of 17 patients and 21 caregivers were recruited. A pre-intervention survey was used to gather baseline perceptions on preparedness, worry, and brain injury knowledge. The intervention included a review of a mild brain injury educational booklet and a caregiver handout with the patient and caregiver during a 45–60-minute session. A post-intervention survey was used to assess caregivers' perceptions following the educational session.

Findings

The mean Likert survey responses of the caregivers indicated an improvement in the areas of worry, preparedness for caregiving, and understanding of brain injury post-intervention. Caregivers unanimously agreed that their understanding of brain injury and ability to manage the patients' symptoms was a direct result of the intervention.

Conclusions

The findings from this pilot study demonstrate the benefits of a single educational session with caregivers in the hospital setting. Exploring if the educational material was used by caregivers post-discharge is warranted to further support the results.
Zika Virus: A Surprising Savage Infection Worldwide
Authors: Arora Ayushi , Dogra Anush , Dogra Ayush , Goyal Bhawna , Sharma Apoorav
Published: March 2019

The outbreak of zika virus belonging to the flavivirus genus was first reported in 1947 in the monkey species in Uganda. Then it was first isolated from the Aedes mosquito’s species. Recent outbreaks have been reported in India also. The main host of the virus is humans like all other flaviviruses. Although the fatality rate is not so high but the effects are seen majorly on the fetus when pregnant women gets infected. No perfect treatment or vaccine has been developed yet to treat the disease. In India also few cases are now being reported and it shows that the outbreak of the virus is just not limited to Brazil and America but now also to Asian countries as well and gradually worldwide its infection will spread through. This article deals with the development of the zika virus from 1947 to 2018 and the preventive measures in order to prevent future outbreaks have been considered.
Phytoconstituents and Hepatoprotective Effect of Suaeda Monoica Forssk and Suaeda Pruinosa Lange
Authors: F. S. Elsharabasy , N. S. Metwally , A. H. Mahmoud , M. S. Soliman , E. R. Youness , A.H. Farrag , Arafa Sherifa
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study is to investigate the chemical constituents of Suaeda monoica and Suaeda pruinosa and evaluate their effects on rat liver intoxicated by over dose of paracetamol. Qualitative analysis of (80%) methanol in water fraction revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, quinones, saponins, flavonoids and phenols from two mangrove species of S. monoica and S. pruinosa was carried out. The compounds were identified from the 80% methanol-H2O fraction as Rutin, quercetin, Syringic acid, Coffeic acid, Catechin, Coumaric acid, Vanillin, Gallic acid, Cinnamic acid. Amino acids analysis for the methanolic extract from the aerial parts of Suaeda monoica and Suaeda pruinosa showed the presence of thirteen amino acids and absence of valine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine. Fatty acid analysis of lipids showed high percentage of long chain fatty acids.TLC of the lipoidal matter for each plant showed the presence β-amyrin, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Toxicity was stimulated by administration of a single oral dose of paracetamol (3 g/kg body weight). The extract of the aerial parts of plants (100 mg/kg) was utilized on a pre-and post-treatment basis. Both extracts significantly improved liver and kidney function with prophylactic or therapeutic treatments. Histopathological and histochemical studies showed parallel effects with the biochemical measured parameters.
Multiple Image Compression in Medical Imaging Techniques using Wavelets for Speedy Transmission and Optimal Storage
Authors: Agarwal Ruchi , Salimath C. S. , Alam Khursheed
Published: March 2019

Multiple image compression using wavelet based methods including Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) through sub band coding (SBC) and decoding are reviewed for their comparative study. True color image compression measuring parameters like compression ratio (CR), peak to signal noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), bits per pixel (BPP) are computed using MATLAB code for each algorithm employed. Gray scale image like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is chosen for wavelet transform to achieve encoding and decoding using multiple wavelet families and resolutions to examine their relative merits and demerits. Our main objective is to establish advantages of multiple compression techniques (compressions using multiresolution) helpful in transmitting bulk of compressed medical images via different gadgets facilitating early detection and diagnosis followed by treatments or referrals to specialists residing in different parts of the world. Contemporary compression techniques based on wavelet transform can serve as revolutionary idea in medical field for the overall benefit of humanity.
Decreasing Zinc Levels in Stunting Toddlers in Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nisa Berawi Khairun , Nurul Hidayati Maya , Susianti Susianti , W. Perdami Roro Rukmi , Susantiningsih Tiwuk , Maskoen Ani Melani
Published: March 2019

Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition in children that causes the posture is not optimal and triggers other disorders such as deacreasing of immunity and intelligence. The level of adequacy of zinc is one of the factors that influence the incidence of stunting. Zinc is needed to activate and begin the synthesis of Growth Hormone (GH) so that children with zinc deficiency cause GH receptors to be disrupted and GH production to be resistant. This study aims to examine the decrease in zinc levels by looking at the difference in mean zinc levels in stunting and non-stunting toddlers. The research method was carried out observational analytic with a cross sectional approach used in this study. The study sample was 40 toddlers aged 24-60 months with 18 stunting toddlers and 22 non-stunting toddlers in Gunung Sugih District, Central Lampung Regency. The results of univariate analysis revealed that the average zinc level of toddlers serum was 52.60 ug / dl with the largest value of 76 ug / dl and the lowest value was 24 ug / dl. The results of bivariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the mean zinc levels of stunting and non-stunting children (p = 0.01). The mean zinc content of stunting infants was 45.06 ± 12.21 lower than the mean zinc level of non-stunting infants 58.77 ± 12.98. There is a decrease in serum zinc levels in stunting toddlers compared to non stunting toddlers.
Responses of the Human Body to the Effect from Exposure to Anthropogenic Increase of Ambient Air Pollution
Authors: Latushkina E.N. , Stanis E.V. , Bicheldey T.K.
Published: March 2019

In modern urbanized conditions, the human population is experiencing a constant effect of various exogenous factors - social, economic, environmental. That is quite a challenge to determine the leading or dominant influence factor of the current total. At the same time, there is no doubt that environmental impacts on the human population adversely affect the population health. Human habitation in highly polluted ambient air leads to the diseases of respiratory, nervous and circulatory system, and may contribute to the exacerbations of existing diseases and shorten the life. The health of population residing under the continuous long-term negative environmental impact is progressively worsening. This study considers biogas formed in landfill mass of municipal solid waste landfills as an environmental impact. We created ecological pyramids with characteristics dependencies of the anthropogenic factor and human population in the biogas dispersion areas. The study gives a mathematical description of the human body response to effect from exposure to high levels of pollutants in ambient air.
Quality of Life in Relation to the Level of Physical Activity Among Healthy Young Adults at Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kokandi Amal A. , Alkhalaf Jafar Salman , Mohammedsaleh Asmaa
Published: March 2019

Physical activity is known to have benefits on health and well-being. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life domains (using WHOQOL-Bref) in relation to the level of physical activity in young healthy adults at Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF and IPAQ) was sent to adults without special needs in Saudi Arabia aged 18 years and more. In total 1026 completed the questionnaire. Females were 767 and males were 250 (9 were missing). Results of this study showed that IPAQ total score was significantly correlated with WHOQOL-BREF physical, psychological and social relationships health scores. Additionally, the high PA group had a significantly higher WHOQOL-BREF for all domains (physical, psychological, social relationships and environmental health scores) compared to the low PA group. Male subjects had a significantly higher physical health score than female subjects, however, female subjects had a significantly higher social relationships score. In conclusion, high physical activity is linked with high better quality of life in all domains.
The Topical Skin Application of Purple Corn Extract (Zea Mays) Inhibited the Increase in MMP-1 Levels and Decreased Collagen in Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Exposed to UV-B Rays
Authors: Gde Putra Wiraguna Anak Agung , Dianasari Rini , Pangkahila Wimpie
Published: March 2019

Formation of free radicals is an important mechanism causing skin aging. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons which can directly disrupt various structures of cell membrane, lipids, proteins, and DNA. Antioxidant is a substance which can give protection from endogenous and exogenous oxidative pressure caused by free radicals. Purple corn contains phenolic acid, vitamin C, and anthocyanin. Anthocyanin is the main contained substance in purple corn and acts as antioxidant and able to inhibit aging process on skin surface of mice exposed with UV-B ray. This research aims to prove the effectivity of administration of purple corn extract cream on inhibiting the elevation of MMP-1 level and the decrease of collagen amount on Wistar mice (Rattus norvegicus) exposed with UV-B. This research is animal experiment with post test only control group design. As many as 36 mice were divided into 2 groups containing 18 mice each, control group with appliance of placebo cream and intervention group applied with 50% purple corn extract cream. All groups were exposed with UV-B with dose of 840 mJ/cm² for 4 weeks, and biopsy was taken to examine the level of MMP-1 and collagen amount on dermis. The results of Shapiro-Wilk and Levene’s test showed that the data distribution between the two groups was normally distributed with homogenous variance and p ≥ 0.05. Comparative analysis with t-independent test showed that there is a significant difference between both groups, either on the mean level of MMP-1 or the collagen amount on both groups with p < 0.05. The mean collagen amount and mean MMP-1 level of intervention 2 are 71.7% and 1.9 mg/ml, respectively. Intervention-1 group shows the mean amount of collagen and MMP-1 level are 65.54 % and 3.22 mg/ml, respectively. The conclusion of this research is the administration of 50% purple corn extract cream inhibits the increase of MMP-1 level and the decrease of the amount of dermal collagen on mice’s skin exposed with UV-B.
Effect of Relaxation Therapy and Vitamin C Supplementation on Stress and CD4 Levels of Mentall Illness Patients
Authors: Pratiwi Arum , Sukardi Sukardi , Maliya Arina , Sudiyanto Aris , Muhlisin A. , Lestari Tri
Published: March 2019

A significant increase in the number of mental disorders has been a phenomenon in the world, including Indonesia. It may indicate by the increasing number of the inpatients of mental hospitals. The study aims to determine the effect of the combination of psychosocial therapy and vitamin C on the stress and immunity level of patients with mental disorders. This study applied pre-experimental design on three groups in which each group consists of seven respondents with an assumption that 20% will be lost of follow up. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The criteria of the respondents include patients with schizophrenia, adults and administered with the same antipsychotic medication. The intervention includes the 500 mg of vitamin C and relaxation technique for four weeks on a daily basis. The stress levels and immunity of the patients are measured at the end of each month. One-way ANOVA is employed as the data analysis technique. The results of analysis in stress levels and immune responses between the three groups after the intervention of Vitamin C and relaxation techniques showed a mean difference in each group. The F value of 1.534 and an associated p value of 0.234 for stress levels, and f value of 0.790 with p value of 0.469 statistically indicate the insignificant difference between the three groups. Meanwhile, during the interview as an assessment of stress levels, the second and third intervention groups were more cooperative compared to the first group. Respondents were more cooperative during mental status examination after the end of the second and third weeks, and showed an improvement in CD4 immunity (cluster of differentiation 4).
Can leucocyte esterase replace frozen sections in the intraoperative diagnosis of prosthetic hip infection?
Authors: Zagra L. , Villa F. , Cappelletti L. , Gallazzi E. , Materazzi G. , De Vecchi E.
Published: March 2019

Aims

Leucocyte esterase (LE) has been shown to be an accurate marker of prosthetic joint infection (PJI), and has been proposed as an alternative to frozen section (FS) histology for intraoperative diagnosis. In this study, the intraoperative assessment of LE was compared with FS histology for the diagnosis of prosthetic hip infection.

Patients and Methods

A total of 119 patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) between June 2015 and December 2017 were included in the study. There were 56 men and 63 women with a mean age of 66.2 years (27 to 88). Synovial fluid was collected before arthrotomy for the assessment of LE using enzymatic colourimetric strips. Between five and six samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for FS histology, and considered suggestive of infection when at least five polymorphonuclear leucocytes were found in five high-power fields.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity of the LE assay were 100% and 93.8%, respectively; the positive (PPV) and the negative (NPV) predictive values were 79.3% and 100%, respectively. The mean time between the collection of the sample and the result being known was 20.1 minutes (sd 4.4). The sensitivity and specificity of FS histology were 78.3% and 96.9%, respectively; the PPV and the NPV were 85.7% and 94.9%, respectively. The mean time between the collection of the sample and the result being known was 27.2 minutes (sd 6.9).

Conclusion

The sensitivity of LE assay was higher, with similar specificity and diagnostic accuracy, compared with FS histology. The faster turnaround time, its ease of use, and low costs make LE assay a valuable alternative to FS histology. We now use it routinely for the intraoperative diagnosis of PJI. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:372–377.
Long-term outcomes after an initial experience of computer-navigated resection of primary pelvic and sacral bone tumours
Authors: Nandra R. , Matharu G. , Stevenson J. , Parry M. , Grimer R. , Jeys L.
Published: March 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the local recurrence rate at an extended follow-up in patients following navigated resection of primary pelvic and sacral tumours.

Patients and Methods

This prospective cohort study comprised 23 consecutive patients (nine female, 14 male) who underwent resection of a primary pelvic or sacral tumour, using computer navigation, between 2010 and 2012. The mean age of the patients at the time of presentation was 51 years (10 to 77). The rates of local recurrence and mortality were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Bone resection margins were all clear and there were no bony recurrences. At a mean follow-up for all patients of 59 months (12 to 93), eight patients (34.8%) developed soft-tissue local recurrence, with a cumulative rate of local recurrence at six-years of 35.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 19.3 to 58.1). The cumulative all-cause rate of mortality at six-years was 26.1% (95% CI 12.7 to 49.1).

Conclusion

Despite the positive early experience with navigated-assisted resection, local recurrence rates remain high. With increasing knowledge of the size of soft-tissue margins required to reduce local recurrence and the close proximity of native structures in the pelvis, we advise against compromising resection to preserve function, and encourage surgeons to reduce local recurrence by prioritizing wide resection margins of the tumour. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:484–490.
Short Communication: The prevalence and species of root-knot nematode which infect on potato seed in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: MUTALA’LIAH MUTALA’LIAH , INDARTI SIWI , WIBOWO ARIF
Published: March 2019

Mutala’liah, Indarti S , Wibowo A. 2019. Short Communication: The prevalence and species of root-knot nematode which infect on potato seed in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 11-16. Root-knot nematodes are considered as one of the most destructive pathogens of potatoes, especially on tuber seed. Infected potato seed will cause tuber malformation and the most important thing is as the main spreading source of Meloidogyne spp. The objective of this research was to know the prevalence and identify the species of root-knot nematode which attack the potato seed in four sub-districts of potato production centre in Central Java, Indonesia. Molecular and morphological identification was conducted for the nematode species identification. PCR assay using MIG primer to detect three tropical root-knot nematodes followed by sequencing was conducted for molecular detection, while the perennial pattern was conducted for morphological detection. Results showed that root-knot nematodes on potato seed were generally distributed in Central Java with the prevalence percentage between 14.28-88.23% on the three from four sampling area. The molecular and morphological identification show that species of root-knot nematodes identified on potato seeds were Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, and M. arenaria.
Response of polyisoprenoid concentration and profile in three groups of mangrove seedlings of coping with long-term salinity
Authors: BASYUNI MOHAMMAD , SAGAMI HIROSHI , BABA SHIGEYUKI , OKU HIROSUKE
Published: March 2019

Basyuni M, Sagami H, Baba S, Oku H. 2019. Response of polyisoprenoid concentration and profile in three groups of mangrove seedlings of coping with long-term salinity. Biodiversitas 20: 320-326. The response of polyisoprenoid (polyprenol and dolichol) concentration and distribution was investigated with three groups mechanism of coping with salinity: a secreting mangrove species of Avicennia officinalis, a non-secreting species (excluder) of Bruguiera cylindrica, and a salt-accumulating species of Xylocarpus granatum. The seedlings of three mangroves were grown under 0 and 3% salinity concentration for five months. Polyisoprenoids in the lipid extracts were examined by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). The pattern of the polyprenols and dolichols in the leaves and roots were categorized as two types (I and II). In category I, dolichols dominated over polyprenols, however, in category II, the existence of both polyprenols and dolichols was found. In the leaves, type-I was observed in A. officinalis under 0 and 3% salinity. On the other hand, type-II was found in B. cylindrica and X. granatum under 0 and 3% salt concentrations. A similar pattern was found in the roots, A. officinalis (type-I), and that in B. cylindrica and X. granatum was type-II. This finding depicted that the seedlings of A. officinalis, B. cylindrica, and X. granatum leaves and roots imply no change in the distribution type: the categories were distributed as type I or II under 0% salt concentrations, as well as type-I or II under 3% salt concentrations. This study implied that polyisoprenoids may play a protective function against salinity in the mangrove leaves and roots of three groups scheme (secreting, excluding, and accumulating) of salt management.
Distribution, abundance, and habitats of rare species Parnopes grandior (Pallas 1771) (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) in Mordovia and adjacent regions, Russia
Authors: B. RUCHIN ALEXANDER , V. ANTROPOV ALEXANDER , A. KHAPUGIN ANATOLIY
Published: March 2019

Ruchin AB, Antropov AV, Khapugin AA. 2019. Distribution, abundance, and habitats of rare species Parnopes grandior (Pallas 1771) (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) in Mordovia and adjacent regions, Russia. Biodiversitas 20: 303-310. The study of biological and ecological characteristics is essential in conservation efforts of threatened and locally rare species. Obtaining the comparable data in different regions of a species range allows developing a conservation strategy. We aimed to study the distribution, acquired characteristics of the abundance and habitats of the biology of a rare species Parnopes grandior (Pallas, 1771) in the Republic of Mordovia (European Russia). As a result of our study, the biology of Parnopes grandior found in the Republic of Mordovia and in five adjacent regions (Volga River Basin, Russia) is described. In the Republic of Mordovia in 2008-2018, 18 habitats of this species were identified. In all cases, it was found next to the host wasp colonies of Bembix rostrata (Linnaeus, 1758). The species population was low (no more than five individuals per study site). In all the sites surveyed, it inhabited xerophytic plant communities on sandy disturbed substrate. In these habitats, the coverage of plants is low and does not exceed 20%. The list of plants visited by the adults of Parnopes grandior is given. In the adjacent regions, the species abundance is also not high, but the number of records and abundance increases significantly to the south of the Ulyanovsk region.
Performance of agronomical and seed biochemical traits of soybean genotypes in relation to their tolerance and preference by Nezara viridula
Authors: KUSWANTORO HERU , GINTING ERLIANA , SUSILO UTOMO JOKO , YUSNAWAN ERIYANTO
Published: March 2019

Kuswantoro H, Ginting E, Utomo JS, Yusnawan E. 2019. Performance of agronomical and seed biochemical traits of soybean genotypes in relation to their tolerance to and preference by Nezara viridula. Biodiversitas 20: 356-363. Qualitative and quantitative variations of biochemical compounds in plant organs is one of the causes leading to infestation by a certain pest which prefers to feed on particular genotypes than other genotypes. Objectives of this study is to find out the relationship of selected agronomical features and seed biochemical contents of soybean genotypes with their tolerance to Nezara viridula and also the preference of N. viridula to these genotypes. A total of 50 soybean germplasm were grown at Muneng research station during the dry season of 2016. The variability of the tested germplasm was reflected in the diversity of agronomic characters and seed biochemical contents. There was a significant positive correlation among the studied seed biochemical parameters, namely protein, methionine and cysteine contents. The protein and cysteine contents did not relate to N. viridula preference, but it was related to soybean tolerance against N. viridula. It was indicated by the insignificant positive correlation of protein and cysteine contents with the number of unfilled pods and the negative correlation of protein and cysteine contents with the ratio of number of unfilled pods to the total number of pods. Methionine content increased N. viridula preference, but it had no effect on soybean tolerance. Five genotypes, namely MLGG 0164, MLGG 0195, MLGG 0103, MLGG 0896 and MLGG 0196 were selected based on high seed biochemical contents which can be used as gene sources in soybean breeding programs. Among these five genotypes, MLGG 0195 had high protein, methionine and cysteine contents, but it was not tolerant to N. viridula. Hence, this genotype should be cultivated by controlling N. viridula optimally. MLGG 0196 had the highest methionine content, relatively high cysteine content, and N. viridula tolerance. This genotype can be used to improve seed biochemical content and plant tolerance against N. viridula.
Adaptation of Morus alba and Morus cathayana plants in a different climate and environment conditions in Indonesia
Authors: SASMITA NANANG , PURBA JHON HARDY , YUNITI I GUSTI AYU DIYAH
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Sasmita N, Purba JH, Yuniti IGAD. 2019. Adaptation of Morus alba and Morus cathayana plants in a different climate and environment conditions in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 544-554. Mulberry (Morus alba L. and Morus cathayana Hemsl.) cultivation business as silkworm feed in Indonesia is increasing, considering the benefits of mulberry economically, ecologically and pharmaceutically. This study aimed to determine the mulberry plants adaptation to the ability of life and growth of mulberry cuttings. The research was conducted at three different places i.e.  BPTH Bali, Cianjur Alam Sutra Nursery (West Java) and East Kutai Farming Farm, using Randomized Block Design consisted of mulberry treatments (M. alba and M. cathayana) and three treatments i.e. using Rootone F, Using Organic solution and Control (no added. The results show different growth rates from various regions in Indonesia. Mulberry growth in West Java was the best compared to mulberry which growth in Bali and Kalimantan. The highest live percentage was observed in West Java for M. alba (95%) and M. cathayana (90%), followed by Bali M. alba (85%) and M. cathayana (80%), Kalimantan M. alba (80%) and M. cathayana (75%). The best high parameter of mulberry plant in West Java for M. alba (80cm) and M. cathayana (76 cm), in Bali for M. alba (67 cm) and M. cathayana (76cm), in Kalimantan for M. alba (58 cm) and M. cathayana (50cm). The best mulberry species based on the whole parameter is M. alba in West Java. This means that West Java climate and environmental conditions are good for mulberry cultivation.
Population study and habitat preferences of Pinang Jawa (Pinanga javana) in Mt. Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: ZULKARNAEN RIZMOON NURUL , NISYAWATI NISYAWATI , WITONO JOKO RIDHO
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Zulkarnaen RN, Nisyawati, Witono JR. 2019. Population study and habitat preferences of Pinang Jawa (Pinanga javana) in Mt. Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 712-718. Conservation effort of Pinang Jawa is hampered due to lack of information on its ecology and population biology. The species is an endemic palm species to Java. The study aimed to assess the population study and habitat preference of Pinang Jawa in Mt. Slamet, Central Java. The research design used a purposive sampling method with a plot measuring 10x10 m. The observation plot was successfully made with a total of 183 plots. The result showed that the population was dominated by adult palm (mature) with the number of 1023 individuals on the southern slope of Mt. Slamet. Individuals growth dominated in hill slope. Population structure was dominated by individuals with stem heights of 6.1-8.1 m and stem diameters of 7-8.9 cm. The stem height and stem diameter class distribution showed that high mortality rate occurs in the seedlings stage class, although this stage should be high recruitment due to the seed production is perennial continuously. Predators were identified as the main threat for seedlings of Pinang Jawa. The result of statistical analysis clearly provides reveals that abiotic factors in which influencing the density of Pinang Jawa was slope, litter thickness, and crown cover.
The local knowledge of the plant names and uses by Semende tribe people in Kaur District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Authors: WIRYONO WIRYONO , WANANDI YUSUF , ILAHI AISYAH KURNIA , DESELINA DESELINA , SENOAJI GUNGGUNG , SISWAHYONO SISWAHYONO
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Wiryono, Wanandi Y, Ilahi AK, Deselina, Senoaji G, Siswahyono. 2019. The local knowledge of the plant names and uses by Semende tribe people in Kaur District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 754-761. Local botanical knowledge is essential for the survival of local communities, but there is a global trend of the loss of local botanical knowledge among young generation, which causes serious concern among ethnobotanists. The objectives of this study were: (i) to document the diversity of plant species locally utilized by the people of Semende tribe in Bengkulu, Indonesia, (ii) to know the correlation between botanical knowledge and age of those people, and (iii) to test whether their knowledge was affected by gender. Data were gathered through field observations and interviews with key informants and general respondents consisting of males and females, ranging from 16 to 60 years old. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using regression analysis and t-test. The results showed that 106 species of plants were utilized by the people of Semende tribe for 14 types of uses. The knowledge of plant species and uses was positively correlated with age, implying that the young generation lost local botanical knowledge. Men had better botanical knowledge than women. Interaction with plants was presumably the determining factor affecting botanical knowledge. Young people spent less time in gardens than the elders, and so did the women than the men. Conversely, young people spent more time enjoying electronic entertainment than the elders, and so did the women than the men. Deliberate efforts must be done to maintain botanical knowledge among young people.
Impact of Bukit Dua Belas rainforest transformation to oil palm plantation on phylogenetic of soil bacterial communities in Sarolangun, Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: WIJAYANTI MARINI , WAHYUDI ARIS TRI , YUHANA MUNTI , ENGELHAUPT MARTIN , MERYANDINI ANJA
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Wijayanti M, Wahyudi AT, Yuhana M, Engelhaupt M, Meryandini A. 2019. Impact of Bukit Dua Belas rainforest transformation to oil palm plantation on phylogenetic of soil bacterial communities in Sarolangun, Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 811-818. Land use change from forest to oil palm plantation at Sumatra could decrease biodiversity, including bacterial diversity. The case of Bukit Dua Belas transformation from forest to oil palm plantation was gotten for measuring shift community of soil bacterial in both areas. The diversity of bacterial communities from rainforest and oil palm plantation topsoil in Sumatra was studied using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene and common biodiversity indices. Phylogenetic approach was used to reveal the community shift of bacterial phyla and genera in both areas. Ecological approach was carried out by measuring soil pH, TC (total carbon), TN (total nitrogen), AP (available phosphorous), bacterial diversity with Shannon and Simpson indices, and bacterial richness with Chao1-ACE index and OTUs. Bacterial diversity and richness on lowland forest topsoil and oil palm plantation soil were not different, as soil pH, TC, and TN as substrate factors were not different significantly. The majority of sequences related to Acidobacteria (56.33%), Proteobacteria (27.43%), Actinobacteria (7.11%), and Cyanobacteria (5.55%) were from forest; whereas those related to Acidobacteria (50.11%), Proteobacteria (31.63%), Actinobacteria (7.58%), Chloroflexi (2.60%), and Gemmatimonadetes (2.71%) invented from oil palm plantation. Acidobacteria was the most dominant phyla in both habitats, because soil pH in both areas was acidic (3.77 - 4.80 pHH2O). The genera of alpha-proteobacteria dominated in genera phylotype of bacterial 16S rRNA phylogenetic revealed in both forest and oil palm plantation topsoil. The most genera in phylogenetic tree are Burkholderia from Beta-proteobacteria. The bacterial community shift occurred in forest transformation, even though the oil palm plantation showed more bacterial phyla and genera than the lowland rainforest.
Bird diversity in transition zone of Taka Bonerate, Kepulauan Selayar Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Authors: PRAPTIWI RADISTI A , SAAB RONNA , SETIA TATANG MITRA , WICAKSONO GUSTI , WULANDARI PRAWESTI , SUGARDJITO JITO
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Praptiwi RA, Saab R, Setia TM, Wicaksono G, Wulandari P, Sugardjito J. 2019. Bird diversity in transition zone of Taka Bonerate, Kepulauan Selayar Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 819-823.   Conservation management in the buffer and transition zones of Biosphere Reserves play an important role in ensuring enhanced core zone protection. Tambolongan and Polassi are two islands located in the administrative region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and part of the transition zone area of UNESCO’s Taka Bonerate-Kepulauan Selayar (TBKS) Biosphere Reserve (BR). These two islands can be considered as some of the most populated islands in the region, containing a variety of human activities. These human activities, such as the ever expanding agriculture and the building of human habitation have put pressures toward ecosystem and species conservation in the BR. Bird are often the focus of conservation efforts, due to their roles in supporting the ecological functioning of their habitats. This study aims to provide baseline data of bird diversity in Tambolongan and Polassi that can be used as a proxy indicator of ecosystem health and input to conservation strategies within the BR area. A Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method is used to examine bird diversity index. Results from the observation recorded a total of 29 species were found in both islands, with 5 listed as protected species and 3 categorized as migratory species. The comparison between the two islands showed that the bird diversity index (H’) differs only slightly (H’Tambolongan=2.98; H’Polassi=2.71). This study provided the initial attempt in understanding the role of habitats or land cover types, guild types and human interferences in determining the diversity of bird population - and related ecosystem health - in the area. Such knowledge is essential in providing the information necessary for sustainable management practices. This work represents the first study to inventorize avian species diversity in the transition zone of TBKS BR.
Short Communication: Investigation of leaf architectural patterns: Implications in delineating taxonomically controversial Hoya merrillii Schlechter and Hoya quinquenervia Warburg
Authors: PAGUNTALAN DIANA P , BUOT INOCENCIO E
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Paguntalan DP, Buot JrIE. 2019. Short Communication: Investigation of leaf architectural patterns: Implications in delineating taxonomically controversial Hoya merrillii Schlechter and Hoya quinquenervia Warburg. Biodiversitas 20: 833-839.  Variations in leaf traits of two very likely similar plants, Hoya merrillii Schlechter and Hoya quinquenervia Warburg were examined together with an outgroup, Hoya cagayanensis Burton. The objectives of the study are to examine the leaf architectural characteristics of Hoya merrillii and Hoya quinquenervia and use the information as an additional basis of delineation between the said species of Hoya plants. Thirty leaf samples for each species were examined for laminal and vein characters. The characters laminar size, laminar shape, number of basal veins, quinternary vein fabric, areole development and characteristics of FEVs (free-ending veins), were well-defined from either one or both species. Overall, the results showed variability between the studied plant groups using univariate and multivariate analysis. The data ordination on the morphometric traits using PCOa showed distinct groupings among studied leaf samples and yielded consistent results with the single linkage or nearest neighbor cluster dendrogram which showed distinct clustering of individual species in terms of morphometric traits that were considered in the study. Detected variations of the leaf architectural traits on the leaves of Hoya merrillii Schlechter and Hoya quinquenervia Warburg allowed for the more available basis of separation in addition to established floral morphologies that are primarily used as criteria for delineation between species. Variations in leaf architecture characters can be of great value to illustrate or imply meanings in the taxonomic relationships of the Hoya species studied.
Assessment Assessment of benthic and coral community structure in an inshore reef in Balok, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: MOHD HANAPIAH MUHAMMAD FAIZ , SAAD SHAHBUDIN , AHMAD ZUHAIRI , YUSOF MUHAMMAD HAMIZAN , KHODZORI MOHD FIKRI AKMAL
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Hanapiah MFM, Saad S, Ahmad Z, Yusof MH, Khodzori MFA. Assessment of benthic and coral community structure in an inshore reef in Balok, Pahang, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 20: 872-877. Inshore water reef closer to human activities are often neglected since they are not protected by marine park management. Little is known on how this reef responses to challenging environment in terms of abundance, diversity and benthic community composition. This study provides a quantitative assessment on the benthic community composition at 5 reef sites in Balok, Pahang, Malaysia and observed the ecological adaptation in the reef community towards turbid water environment. Balok reef has 39% overall coral cover with very low macroalgae abundance (4%). A total of 28 coral genera from 12 families have been recorded with Porites the most dominant genus in the coral assemblages. Most reef sites in Balok are categorized under conservation class 1 (CC1), which indicated that resilient and survival of the reef rely on stress-tolerators taxa. The data presented here showed that Balok reef is highly resilient towards constant exposure to high sedimentation and wave action.
Distribution and abundance of the giant clams (Cardiidae: Bivalvia) on Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: TRIANDIZA TEDDY , ZAMANI NEVIATY P , MADDUPPA HAWIS , HERNAWAN UDHI E
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Triandiza T, Zamani NP, Madduppa H, Hernawan UE. 2019. Distribution and abundance of the giant clams (Cardiidae: Bivalvia) on Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 884-892. Giant clams, ecologically important bivalves in coral reefs, are under anthropogenic pressures in most parts of their range, necessitating the study of population status for conservation management. Here, we assessed species composition, distribution, size density, and habitat condition of giant clams in Kei Islands. A total of 9 reefs around the islands (Dar 1, Dar 2, Pulau Kur, Pulau Tanimbar Kei, Pulau Adranan, Pulau Dullah Laut, Difur, Labetawi, dan Ohoidertoom), were surveyed using quadrat-transect line in September-December 2017. We found five species of giant clams, i.e., Tridacna crocea, T. maxima, T. squamosa, T. noae, and Hippopus hippopus. Of these species, we report a new record for T. noae which was previously not known to be present in the region. The overall density was recorded at 0.0428 individual/m2. Juveniles clams were fewer than the adults clam, this may indicate that the survival rate of recruit is low. Most individuals were found living on dead coral algae substrate (75 %). Based on the findings, this study suggests that giant clam population in Kei Islands are imperiled, indicated by low population density and local extinction for species T. gigas and T. derasa. It is recommended to establish a protected area and restocking of giant clams by through implementing sasi laut (traditional law) with a minimum period of 5 years.
Analysis of the condition of forest interior and edge in Mount Papandayan, West Java, Indonesia based on floristic composition and structural characteristics of tree community
Authors: SULISTYAWATI ENDAH , TIHURUA EKA FATMAWATI
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Sulistyawati E, Tihurua EF. 2019. Analysis of the condition of forest interior and edge in Mount Papandayan, West Java, Indonesia based on floristic composition and structural characteristics of tree community. Biodiversitas 20:  900-906.  Forest fragmentation creates forest edges that possess different biotic characteristic in comparison to its interior. Those differences may include difference in vegetation structure and composition, and ecological processes in the ecosystem. This study aims to compare the condition between forest interior and forest edge in Mount Papandayan and provide assessment of the overall condition of the forest based on its floristic and structural characteristics. We conducted vegetation analysis of tree in which six plots, each of 0.1 ha, were established in the forest interior and forest edge. Based on the results, species richness and diversity of tree were higher in the forest interior than the forest edge. Based on the importance value index, the proportion of co-dominant species in forest edge sites were higher than in the forest interior sites. In addition, tree density, regeneration potential, total basal area, wood density average, and biomass were higher in the forest interior than in the forest edge. Overall, Mount Papandayan suffers moderate disturbance, which follows through the intermediate disturbance hypothesis and this can be seen from its relatively high diversity index of tree yet it has moderate wood density average.
Morphological and phytochemical characterization of susceptible and resistant sengon (Falcataria moluccana) tree to gall rust disease
Authors: RAHMAWATI DEWI , KHUMAIDA NURUL , SIREGAR ULFAH J
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Rahmawati D, Khumaida N, Siregar UJ. 2019. Morphological and phytochemical characterization of susceptible and resistant sengon (Falcataria moluccana) tree to gall rust disease. Biodiversitas 20: 907-913. Gall rust disease has severely attacked sengon tree (Falcataria moluccana Miq. Barneby & J.W. Grimes)) and it rapidly spread in tree plantations causing the decrease of wood productivity. Although sengon is widely cultivated in several areas in Indonesia, there are limited studies on secondary metabolite composition of its wood. This research was aimed to study differences on morphology, wood anatomy and secondary metabolites content of resistant and susceptible sengon tree trunk to gall rust disease. Both resistant and susceptible tree samples to gall rust were selected from the same plantation plots to minimize environmental effects. Structure of wood samples was observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) JSM-5310LV. Seven types of secondary metabolites, i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic hydroquinones, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids were qualitatively analyzed from powdered wood samples. Based on field observations, the gall rust fungi changed the color, texture, pores of the tree surface and decreased wood density. In microscopic observations, sengon trunk, which is resistant to gall rust disease, showed organized and regularly structured wood anatomy and did not show hyphae of the infecting fungi inside the wood. The fungi damaged susceptible sengon trunk as indicated by the dispersed and irregular structure of wood tissue, while the presence of fungal hyphae among wood cells was detected. Phytochemical analyses indicated that trunk of sengon containing flavonoids, saponins, phenolic hydroquinones, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids, except alkaloids. Sengon trunk, which is resistant to gall rust disease, had stronger reactions of flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids compared to that susceptible one.