bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic knowledge networks in education
Authors: Kiv Arnold , Soloviev Vladimir , Tarasova Elena , Koycheva Tetyana , Kolesnykova Katrina
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the modeling a semantic knowledge networks. The knowledge network is the basic concept of the problem of knowledge management. This is a new discipline that implements the principles of sustainable development of education. The method of constructing a semantic knowledge network allows us to analyze the connections between educational disciplines: “Economic Cybernetics”, “Algorithms and Programming” and “Calculus”. The paper compares the topological characteristics of the concept graphs related to various disciplines. We develop the algorithm to implement the subject area model in the form of a semantic knowledge network. 125 concepts are analyzed that provide optimal mastering disciplines and establish the connection between them.
Conditions for creating a balance between learning styles on the example of the material of the discipline “Ecological Chemistry and Environmental Monitoring”
Authors: Kolchanova Mariia , Derkach Tetiana , Starova Tetiana
Published: April 2020

Aspects of learning styles modelled on R. Felder and B. Soloman are discussed in detail. The results of the study of the educational advantages of students of Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University of the speciality “014 Secondary education (Chemistry)” are presented. It is shown that the majority of students in the group are those who study visually, sensitively, actively and consistently. According to studied features of the student’s groups didactic material on the theme “Ecological Chemistry of the Lithosphere” of the content module “Ecological Chemistry of Environmental Objects” was elaborated and its role and place in the structure of the educational process determined. Forms of work that involve the use of different cognitive functions are described and therefore contribute to their balanced development. It allows a person to be flexible in the unrestrained development of technological progress, to be open to different ways of obtaining information and perceiving it without resistance and stress.
Research of the somatic health of student youth using information and communication technologies
Authors: Gorna Oksana , Stanishevskа Tatiana , Kopulova Tatiana , Yusupova Olga , Horban Daria
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the issues of using information-communication technologies for monitoring the physical health of students, which will enable them to be more successful, adaptable to the environment and current social changes in the future. The study included determining the level of somatic health by the method of G. L. Apanasenko. The rapid assessment had a fairly wide range of individual indicators of overall health, as well as cardiovascular and respiratory system functionality. The analysis of the conducted studies clearly indicates the need for constant monitoring of the indicators of physical development and somatic health of students throughout the study period. In order to objectively evaluate somatic health and to track it in dynamics, the students proposed the information and communication technology “Health Portfolio” developed by the authors. The implementation of such monitoring model and information program provides an automated assessment of the functionality of the human body and is accurate, informative and physiologically sound. Due to the increase in the amount of all kinds of information, as a pledge of future professional success of modern students, there is a problem of motivation of healthy lifestyle and involvement of students in independent motor activity.
Implementation of education for sustainable development principles in the training of future software engineers
Authors: Koniukhov Serhii , Osadcha Kateryna
Published: April 2020

The article examines the professional training of future software engineers in higher education institutions in the context of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the UN General Assembly, as well as the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) principles. A number of contradictions that arise in the course of this training are mentioned on the example of training of future object-oriented programming engineers. The UNESCO documents on education for sustainable development, scientific sources on the professional training of future software engineers, as well as the integration of sustainable development into relevant educational programs are analyzed. The methodology and results of experimental work carried out with the aim of overcoming existing contradictions, promoting sustainable development of information technology education and implementation of ESD principles in the process of professional training of future software engineers are presented. In particular, the organizational and methodological conditions, that were implemented into the educational process, and experimental data are presented. The effectiveness of the experimental work was proved by statistical verification of the reliability of the obtained data.
Structural redundancy as robustness assurance of complex geoengineering systems
Authors: Dychko Alina , Yeremeyev Igor , Remez Natalya , Kraychuk Serhii , Ostapchuk Natalia
Published: April 2020

The present paper provides that robustness is the facility of complex computer-aided geoengineering systems of keeping its feature invariable along the certain period of time. The detecting of indications which testify that system is not responding adequately to input disturbances may be realized by: comparing real data on assembly output with number of reference artefacts which correspond to specific states of disturbances; comparing real data on assembly output with a normal reaction to the actual set of input signals. To increase the resilience of monitoring data of geoengineering system the majority principle and the Byzantine agreement method are used.
Company’s strategic success as the basis of its potential sustainability
Authors: Orlov Oliver , Dumanska Kathrin , Ponomaryova Nataliya , Kobets Dmytro
Published: April 2020

The study of corporate sustainability is becoming more relevant in the world economy, thus the connection between global economic processes and political, environmental and society problems was revealed by authors. Given research is devoted to the analysis of the processes of sustainability of Ukrainian and foreign companies. The results of studies of scientific works and interviews with different countries businessmen showed that the sustainable development of the same company should be considered in several directions, namely, in economic, social and environmental. Supporting new institutional concept research that focuses on the sector problems of company’s stability, we have compared theories of corporate sustainability and corporate social responsibility and highlighted the economic dimension as a basis of company’s sustainable development. As a result of our research in economic directions of corporate sustainability the Methodology of evaluation of company’s sustainability potential was proposed. The suggested methodology can ensure corporate sustainability for the strategic period. Proposed in the paper methodology assesses the strategic potential of company’s success, its competitive status and capacity potential, and transform capabilities into competitive advantages. The implementation of the Methodology of evaluation of company’s sustainability potential, according to authors view point, can be proposed as the basis of strategic management in forecasting and planning processes in industrial companies.
Optimization of economic and environmental factors of the logistic system of enterprise management
Authors: Porokhnya Vasyl , Shertennikov Yuriy , Ivanov Roman , Ostapenko Oleksandr
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the study is to develop an economic-mathematical model of the socio-economic system, which takes into account its logistical structure and ecological viability. This allows for optimal budget planning for the new project. The methodology of the study is based on the method of J. Forster, who proposed to consider the logistics system of any enterprise as a system of reservoirs linked by material, financial and information flows. The main result of the study is as follows. The methodology is designed and developed a mathematical program that allows estimating the relative value of fixed assets of production and the number of costs for creating a retail network with the impact of the environmental components. It is shown that this ratio is determined by the value of all key parameters of the enterprise logistics system. This result was obtained through careful modeling of structural changes in the logistics system of the enterprise. All basic communications (flows) between the elements of the logistics system were also considered. Calculations were conducted for the system of the equations which have been written down in shape with discrete-time. At the same time modeling was carried out so that there were no “not physical” phenomena (such as overflow of warehouses, etc.). As a result of calculations, optimum values for all basic characteristics of the new project have been specified. The most actual has separately been considered for practice as a case of optimum planning of storage facilities. The practical importance of research consists that scientific representations about interrelation of the capacity of the enterprise with key parameters of the logistic system can form a basis for more effective planning and management budgetary and production processes at the enterprise, namely: it is more reasonable to plan scales of production and expenses on logistics creation.
Model of diagnostics of resource efficiency in oil and gas sector of economy of Ukraine
Authors: Shmygol Nadiia , Łuczka Władysława , Trokhymets Olena , Pawliszczy Dariusz , Zavgorodniy Ruslan
Published: April 2020

The authors of the article determined that a number of scientists were involved in the development of a balanced system of indicators of the development of the oil and gas sector. Though an urgent scientific problem that needs further consideration is the development of a model of resource efficiency diagnostics in the oil and gas sector of the economy of Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of statistical monitoring. In order to solve this problem, the authors used methods of economic analysis, the method of rationing to bring the indicators to a comparative meaning, the method of additivemultiplicative compression, statistical methods of estimating variation and so on. The scientific novelty of the paper is: this study improved the model of diagnostics of resource efficiency in oil and gas sector in the economy of Ukraine based on the additive-multiplicative compression of the formed system, which, unlike the existing ones, takes into account their variation while defining weighting coefficients which show the experts’ system of preferences.
Sustainable competitive innovative development and economic security of enterprises under unstable conditions: mutual dependency and influence
Authors: Mishchuk Ievgeniia , Zinchenko Olena , Adamenko Maryna
Published: April 2020

The paper reveals interrelations between the concepts “economic security”, “economic sustainability”, “development” and “competitiveness” of an enterprise. Based on their consideration, the paper enhances theoretical and methodological principles of establishing competitive innovation development and economic security of an enterprise. Unlike the existing ones, these principles provide for not only alternativeness but also equal significance when choosing between achievement of high levels of competitiveness, development and economic security. Application of the elaborated suggestions enables more objective formation of the policy of management of an enterprise’s innovation development under unstable conditions considering the industrial field and the market position of the enterprise. It is proven that essential elements of enterprises’ sustainable development include innovative activity, production provision, export of science-intensive products and development of high technology services, this providing for efficient levels of enterprises’ economic security and competitiveness. Under conditions of uncertainty, there are some basic functions of an enterprise aimed at enhancing its competitiveness and economic security including the following: achieving the optimal level of an enterprise’s resulting indicators and efficient “income-risk” ratio, innovative activity, ensuring the quality of an enterprise’s intellectual capital, environmental safety and meeting required social standards.
Innovative financing of creative projects on the Kickstarter platform: Ukrainian and Polish experience
Authors: Gernego Iuliia , Petrenko Liudmyla , Dyba Mykhailo , Tsarov Vitalii
Published: April 2020

In the era of digital economy, the crowdfunding platforms provide the background to mitigate cross-country differences within project financing. In particular, creative projects are important as a vital driver in maintaining business and social sector competitive. Thereby, research problem lays upon the potential of providing crowdfunding support to overcome the creative project divide in different countries. The paper aims to provide scientific support on creative projects innovative financing in Ukraine and Poland within Kickstarter. The research methodology is based on Kickstarter data (10 years; 83 industries and 898 projects) processed by statistical analysis. The Concentration Ratio (CR) was modified to measure the concentration of efforts, considering the largest creative industries within Kickstarter platform. The results section represents high rates of concentration of efforts for Ukrainian creative projects that commercialize tangible physical goods: Product Design and Gadgets. At the same time, in Poland the main concentration of efforts is in the field of intangible intellectual products: Tabletop Games and Video Games. Thus, digital platform is a reflection of interrelations between intangible and tangible values in economies. The study results can be used within national programs of creative innovative projects financial support. In relation to other countries, more extensive study is required.
Holistic approach based assessment of social efficiency of research conducted by higher educational establishments
Authors: Perevozova Iryna , Babenko Vitalina , Krykhovetska Zoriana , Popadynets Iryna
Published: April 2020

Social efficiency of research conducted by higher educational establishments contributes a lot to improving the educational process, the quality of training of specialists, and the teaching skills of scientific and pedagogical staff. A holistic approach in the system of assessment of the social efficiency of higher educational establishments’ research, which is interpreted by the authors of the article, makes it possible for higher educational establishments to completely adapt to market requirements, to make adequate managerial decisions and obtain relevant results. The system and structural approach was used in the study, which led to functional and effective application of theoretical provisions, scientific principles and conceptual positions for developing the author’s version of forming higher educational establishments’ holistic approach based model of social efficiency of research. For the assessment of social efficiency of research, a holistic approach based theoretical and analytical model has been suggested, which integrates 4 subsystems: target, provision, regulatory, management subsystem, which can be assessed by parameters, indicators and criteria of social efficiency of research results. The authors have suggested a system of criteria of social efficiency of research results. On the basis of the elaborated system of criteria assessment of social efficiency of research results of higher educational establishments, the authors have constructed a structural and logical scheme of social efficiency of research results assessment, which shows that on each stage of social efficiency of research results development by means of comparison of the market needs and opportunities of higher educational establishments and rational distribution of endowment funds it is possible to achieve maximization of the social efficiency of research results generalized criterion value. A formal description of the main components of the constructed theoretical-analytical model of the social efficiency of research has been made by means of using the economic and mathematical model and the dependence of its components has been analyzed.
LOW PREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION IN WOMEN FROM SOUTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: O. Adesiji Y , I. Iyere S , J. Ogah I
Published: April 2020

Chlamydia trachomatis infections are the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the world. However, most Nigeria health care facilities do not screen for Chlamydia antigen in gynaecological and general out-patient clinics. This study was to document the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients attending Family Planning Clinics and Gynaecology clinics in Southern Nigeria. Endocervical swabs were collected from a hundred and forty patients and were screened using Chlamydia Rapid Test Device –Swab / Urine (Interchemical Ltd. China). Out of 140 patients screened, 1 (0.7%) was positive for Chlamydia trachomatis antigen. There seem to be an association between Chlamydia infection and abortion thus screening for chlamydia trachomatis infection in asymptomatic patients to prevent the adverse consequences. This study presents an update in Chlamydia trachomatis in the Southern part of Nigeria.
A RESEARCH CRITIQUE ON THE LIVED-IN EXPERIENCES OF PATIENTS SUBJECTED TO CHEMOTHERAPY IN SELECTED HOSPITALS AT CHENNAI
Authors: M. Malarvizhi , M. Bhavani
Published: April 2020

This qualitative study explored the experiences of patients subjected to chemotherapy. The research approach used in this study was phenomenology. Interviews were conducted with fifteen patients subjected to chemotherapy. The study was conducted at selected hospitals at Chennai. From the colaizzi's analysis of the data seven dimensions-eight themes and fifty sub themes were emerged. These findings show that patients subjected to chemotherapy has lot of physical and psychological impacts. There was an association between the socio demographic variables and the lived in experiences of patients subjected to chemotherapy. The association was found between the educational status, type of family and the number of chemotherapy cycle. So, the patients need adequate education on the side effects from the Nurses during each cycle of chemotherapy. Therefore this study is important for nurses working in the cancer unit to make the patient to realize and aware the effects faced by the patients subjected to chemotherapy.
AUTOMMUNE HAEMOLYTIC ANEMIA : A REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: Rao Chandrika , Shetty Jayaprakash
Published: April 2020

Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is rare clinical disorder and requires efficient immunohematological and transfusion support. We report two cases of Immune hemolytic anaemia. A case of AIHA in congestive cardiac failure and second a known case of Giant cell arteritis with cold antibodies. Both the cases we encountered problems during cross matching.
A CASE OF DISSEMINATED TUBERCULOSIS WITH OCULAR INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Islam Md Fekarul , Mukherjee Devdeep , Kundu Ritabrata , Niyogi Prabal Chandra , Das Joydeep
Published: April 2020

Disseminated Tuberculosis (DTB) refers to tubercular involvement of two or more non-contiguous sites and is commonly associated with immunocompromised state. It is an unusual presentation of Tuberculosis (TB), especially in the absence of immunodeficiency. 1.4% of patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) develop ocular manifestations but many patients with ocular TB have no evidence of PTB. Tuberculosis can cause a wide variety of ophthalmic findings, ranging from the ocular surface through the optic nerve and to the central nervous system. In this article, we report a case of Disseminated Tuberculosis with ocular involvement in a 5years old female. Our case is unique for the presence of bilateral squint, unilateral nebular type of corneal opacity, bilateral iritis with posterior synechiae and cataract at the same time. It lays emphasis on the fact that a patient with tuberculosis should be screened for multiple foci.
GENTAMICIN: MYTHS AND TRUTHS
Authors: Mohan Muralee , Shetty Deepthi , Shetty Tripthi , Banerjee Suman
Published: April 2020

Gentamicin belongs to the group of antimicrobial agents, aminoglycosides. It is the prototype member of this group of antimicrobial agents that is utilized to treat various bacterial infections, mostly those caused by Gram negative bacteria. This is due to its irreversible binding to the 30S component of the ribosome. But the use of aminoglycosides and thus Gentamicin is limited owing to its profound adverse effects on the ear & the kidney. But proper calculation of the dosage can limit these side effects and prove to be an effective antimicrobial agent.
FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION CONSUMPTION AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN THE SEMI-URBAN FIELD PRACTICE AREA OF K.S. HEGDE MEDICAL ACADEMY, MANGALORE: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: K. Nishanth Krishna , Kundapur Rashmi , Kiran N Udaya , Badiger Sanjeev
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Food security is defined as “Access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life”. The deprivation of basic need represented by food insecurity and hunger are possible precursors to nutritional, health, and developmental problems

Objectives: To assess the food security and the pattern of nutrient intake among the households of field practice areas and to describe the relationship between food security with various socio demographic factors and select diseases like diabetes and hypertension.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in households of Kuthar and Manjanady villages of Dakshina Kannada district from June- August 2014. The Food Security Core-Module Questionnaire in the Guide to Measuring Household Food Security (Revised 2000) prepared by United States Department of Agriculture was used in this study. The questionnaire was translated to local languages (Kannada and Malayalam) and linguistic validation was done. The data was analysed using SPSS software.

Results: Around 53% of the houses studies were food secure followed by households with food insecurity with no hunger. Majority of the houses had carbohydrate and protein as their predominant nutrient intake. Majority of the households spending 26-50% of the total income on food were food secure. Among the food secure households, diabetes was present in nearly half the houses

Conclusions: The study area does not have hunger as a problem but still food insecurity exists, with upto 50% of income spent on food.
TREATMENT OF ORTHODONTICALLY INDUCED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA BY DIODE LASER - CASE REPORT
Authors: Prabhu Manavi , Ramesh Amitha , Thomas Biju
Published: April 2020

It is well known that excessive gingival display in the anterior region can have a very negative impact on the patients smile and psychology. This excessive gingival display could be due to gingival enlargement or altered passive eruption of the teeth. These defects can be corrected through periodontal surgeries. This case report describes successful aesthetic crown lengthening in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth using diode laser.
Cross Sectional study to asses housing conditions and to compare it with education and socio economic status of a semi urban area in Mangalore : A Pilot study
Authors: M. Sudharani , Kundapur Rashmi , Kiran K. G. , Kiran N. Udaya
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Poverty imposes an oppressive weight on India, especially in the rural areas where almost three out of four Indians and 77 percent of the Indian are under poor living conditions. Although poverty has been reduced during the past four decades, it remains painfully high. Provision of adequate housing and amenities are major challenges for human development, particularly among lowincome urban households in developing countries. Often this shortfall is evident from the proliferation of slums and squatters.

Objectives: 1. To assess the housing conditions of the semi urban area (Field practice area of KS Hegde Medical Academy).

2. To associate these housing conditions with Education and Socio Economic Status.

Methodology: Forty houses included under GRAMA KSHEMA project (Field practice area of K S Hegde Medical Academy) were selected. A pilot study with questionnaire to asses housing condition was done. Subjects were interviewed for their education and socioeconomic status.

Results: 100% of Graduates, post graduates and Professionals have excellent housing conditions. Poor housing conditions was seen as the level of education decreased to high school and post high school. Housing conditions were excellent as the socioeconomic class increased. 66.6% of Class I population has excellent housing conditions. 63% of Class II population has good housing conditions and 38.5% of Class IV population has poor housing conditions.

Conclusions: It was found that majority of the population had good housing conditions. Education and Socio economic status has an impact on Housing condition.
Quality of life of people with non communicable diseases
Authors: Rose Anju , N. Shashidhara Y. ,   Manjula
Published: April 2020

Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus or both and asthma are very common chronic diseases among Indian rural population which needs continuous monitoring and treatment. Knowledge on disease management, lifestyle, and health care facilities are available which will have direct impact on their Quality of Life.

Purpose: Purpose of the study was to identify the quality of life of people living with non-communicable diseases. The study will be helpful to provide need based care and to develop strategies to improve quality of life of community.

Methods: A descriptive survey to assess the quality of life of people with non-communicable diseases measured by using WHO QOL BREF scale through interview method. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 200 subjects from selected villages of Udupi District.

Result: showed that majority of subjects felt their quality of life was good [Median=4, IQR=3-4]. Majority of subjects [median=3, IQR=3-4] were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied towards their health. Compare to other domains psychological domain has Median=20, IQR=19-21 represents low quality of life. Overall quality of life of subjects with median=93 and IQR= 89- 98 represents good quality of life. Analysis based on diseases showed that people with diabetes mellitus had good quality of life as compared with people with other diseases. There was significant association between quality of life of subjects and age, education, occupation and marital status (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Study concluded that majority of the subjects were perceived their quality of life was good especially with those who have diagnosed as diabetes mellitus.
Randomised, single blinded, controlled, prospective study comparing ketamine, lignocaine and chlorhexidine gargle in prevention of post-operative sore throat
Authors: Shetty Sumalatha R. , Panaych Karan Pratap Singh , S. Raveendra U.
Published: April 2020

Background: Postoperative sore throat is a common complaint in patients after extubation and can be distressing to the patients. Hence we aimed to compare efficacy of lignocaine, ketamine and chlorhexidine gargle for the control of postoperative sore throat.

Materials and Methods: After institutional ethical committee clearance, 100 patients were allotted into 4 groups of 25 each in this randomized, double blind, control study. The study solution for gargle in Group L, Group C and Group K contained 50mg lignocaine, 30mg chlorhexidine and 50 mg ketamine in 30ml sterile water respectively while in Group W it was 30ml of sterile water. The study solution was given 5 minutes before induction and the patients were made to gargle it for 30 seconds. The post-operative sore throat (POST) grading was done at 0, 2, 6 and 24 hours after extubation.

Results: At 0 hour, there was a significant lower grades of POST in Group K as compared to Group W (p=0.011). At the 4 hour interval, the grades of POST were significantly lower in group K (p=0.001) and Group L (p<0.001) whencompared to Group C.At the 24 hour time interval, the grades of POST were lower in Group L (p=0.007) and Group K (p<0.001) when compared to Group C. At the same time interval, significantly lower grades of POST in Group W was seen compared to Group C (p=0.001). At the end of all time intervals there was no statistical significant difference in the severity of POST in Group L and Group K. There were no significant haemodynamic changes in any of the groups.

Conclusion: Ketamine and Lignocaine gargles are effective in the reduction of postoperative sore throat without any changes in haemodynamics.
Comparative study on the antimicrobial activity of partitioned fractions of the stem-bark of ceiba pentandra (bombacaceae)
Authors: S. Njinga N. , I. Sule M. , U. Pateh U. , S. Hassan H. , N. Ache R. , T. Abdullahi S. , A. Danja B.
Published: April 2020

Due to the emergence of more and more drug resistance bacteria and the reported antibacterial activity of Ceiba pentandra, the antimicrobial activity of the partitioned ethyl-acetate and n-butanol fractions of the stem-bark of this plant were carried out on the following clinical isolates: Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyrogenes; corynebacterium ulcereans; Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhi; Shigella dysenterea; Enterococcus aerogenes; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; klebsiella pneumonia and the fungi Trichophytom rubrum, Microsporum sp., Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Agar diffusion and broth delusion methods were used in this study. The ethyl acetate fraction showed wide spectrum antibacteria activity (with zones of inhibition between 27mm and 37mm) while the n-butanol extract showed activity only against the gram negative bacteria (zones of inhibition between 20mm and 21mm). The MIC ranged from 0.65 to 2.5 mg/ml and 2.5 to 5 mg/ml and MBC ranged from 2.5 mg/ml and 5 – 10 mg/ml for the ethylacetate and n-butanol respectively. Both fractions showed no activity against the fungi used in this study. The preliminary phytochemistry of the ethyl acetate showed the presence of only flavonoid and this may explain the activity against all the bacteria. The n-butanol showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycoside and the absence of flavonoid and alkaloids. This study justifies the use of this plant in herbal medicine.
Knowledge and Attitude on Care of Child during Common Childhood Illnesses among the Koraga Tribes
Authors: E. Binu Margaret , Shetty Sheela ,   Shrisha
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Every society follows different practices and beliefs in different traditional aspects related to health care. Majority of Indians have taken pleasure in using traditional beliefs and practices. There are limited numbers of studies related to knowledge and attitude towards care of the child during common childhood illnesses among Indian tribes.

Objective : The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and attitude of the Koraga tribes towards care of the child during common childhood illnesses and to find the relationship between knowledge and attitude of tribes during common childhood illnesses.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey and face to face interview was undertaken among 200 Koraga tribal care takers using structured questionnaires and an attitude scale. SPSS 16.0 software was used for data analysis. Frequency, Percentage and Pearson correlation co-efficient were used.

Result: The findings of the study showed that, majority 155 (77.5%) of tribal care takers had good knowledge and majority 158 (79%) had favorable attitude on care of the child during common childhood illnesses like common cold, diarrhea, fever, tooth ache, ear ache and febrile convulsion. It was also found there was significant positive correlation (p<0.001) between knowledge and attitude.

Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of Koraga tribal care takers have good knowledge and favourable attitude towards care of the child during common childhood illnesses.
Role of item analysis in post validation of multiple choice questions in formative assessment of medical students
Authors: K. Sajitha , Permi Harish S. , Rao Chandrika , L. Kishan Prasad H.
Published: April 2020

Background:Multiple choice questions (MCQ) are used in the assessment of students in various fields. By this method of assessment it is possible to cover a wide range of topics in less amount of time. However the reliability of the test depends on the quality of the MCQ. The MCQ can be evaluated based on the Difficulty Index (DIFI), Discriminatory Index (Dl) and Distracter Efficiency (DE).

Objectives:To evaluate the MCQs based on the Difficulty Index (DIFI), Discriminatory Index (Dl) & Distracter Efficiency (DE) and develop a valid pool of questions.

Also to assess learner performance and discriminate between students of higher and lower abilities.

Materials and Methods:A total of 120 students were assessed based on multiple choice questions in pathology. The number of items were 20 and the number of distracters were 60. Data was entered and analyzed in MS Excel 2007 and simple proportions, mean and standard deviations were calculated.

Results:Mean and standard deviations for DIFI, Dl and DE were 57.8 ± 17.4%, 0.27 ± 0.17 and 84.98 ± 20.2 % respectively. Out of the 20 items, 11 items had good level of DIFI (31 - 60%), eight (8) items were considered easy (DIFI >61%) and one (1) item was considered difficult (DIFI < 30). Mean Dl in present study was 0.27 ± 0.17. Analysis of the Dl showed good discrimination power in eighteen (18) of the items. Out of the 60 distracters, nine (9) were non -functional distracters (NFD) and were seen in eight items. Out of these, seven items had one NFD each and one item had two NFD.

Conclusions:The study emphasizes on the importance of use of item analysis in construction of good quality MCQs and also in the evaluation of learner performance.
Sight threatening to life threatening parainfectious optic neuritis
Authors: V. Sowmya , Kamath Vijna B. , Nazareth Nelly E. P. , Rodrigues F. E. A.
Published: April 2020

Optic neuritis is uncommon in children and is often bilateral unlike that in adults. It is often associated with systemic diseases like mumps, measles, chicken pox, pertussis, viral encephalitis and also following immunization. We report a series of 3 consecutive paediatric cases of bilateral optic neuritis which presented to us over a period of 6 months and were followed up for 1 year. Two patients responded to steroids with a normal ophthalmic and MRI examination at the end of one year. One patient expired following development of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis.
Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hesselson Aaron B.
Published: April 2020

Catheter ablation (CA) of the pulmonary veins for atrial fibrillation (AF) is growing exponentially and is the most commonly performed electrophysiologic procedure. Initial descriptions focused on CA for paroxysmal AF, and now more recently expanded in application to persistent AF and those with comorbid heart failure. Efforts to improve success have and continue to address issues such as pulmonary vein “reconnection” following ablation through different ablative energy modalities, and the use of a “hybrid” surgical/endocardial combined approach in persistent forms of AF. Technologic advances as well are concurrently seeking to improve safety, particularly regarding the incidence of atrio-esophageal fistula in this seemingly ever-growing ablation population.
Effectiveness of Exercises on Low Back Pain among Middle Aged Women at Puducherry
Authors: P. Sumathy
Published: April 2020

Background: Women in their 30's, 40's and 50's have a higher incidence of low back pain due to a combination of risk factors that typically appears in the middle age. Addressing these underlying causes can significantly reduce the incidence of back pain .The objectives of the study were to assess the level of low back pain among middle aged women and to determine the effectiveness of selected exercises on low back pain among middle aged women .

Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental research design was adopted. The data were collected using Demographic proforma and Mc Caffery pain scale. 40 subjects with low back pain were identified and exercises that consisted of abdominal strengthening, back strengthening and hip stretching exercises were taught and practiced by them daily for half an hour for a period of one month. Frequency, Percentage 't' tests & chi- square were used for analysis.

Results: The results showed a significant difference in pretest and post test pain levels at p<0.001 level.

Conclusion: The findings of the study implied that LBP is a common problem among middle aged women and doing exercises regularly would help to alleviate the pain.
Effect of Instructional Module on Drug Adherence in Terms of Attitude among Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Metilda S. Mary , S. Santh , Sapharina G. J. Sara
Published: April 2020

Quasi experimental study was done with 40 samples using instructional module on drug adherence. The selection of the sample was done by non probability purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical method. The findings of the study revealed that the instructional module helped the patients with Schizophrenia to develop a positive attitude towards drug adherence. The research hypothesis retained for this study also showed significant improvement in the level of attitude towards drug adherence.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Of Spread of HIV Infection through Needle Stick Injury among Dental Paramedics
Authors: Hegde Nidarsh , Mistry Freddy Kersi , Samuel Soumi , Sharma S. M.
Published: April 2020

Aim: Study was conducted to know the knowledge of the paramedics working at Dental Institute, regarding spread of HIV infection through needle stick injury. Their current practice for the management of needle stick injury and their attitude for the same.

Materials and Method : 100 paramedical staff working in a Dental Institute were selected randomly to participate in the study. Each one of the participant were requested to fill a structured survey form prepared by the surveyor reflecting their knowledge, practice and attitude of spread of HIV infection through needle stick injury.

Results : The statistical analysis revealed the 92% of the paramedical staff knows what HIV infection is and that it can be spread through needle stick injury irrespective of their academic background. 42% of the paramedics have experienced needle stick injury, among which 95% have experienced 1-2 times a year. 61% of the needle stick injury have been reported by the paramedics with majority of them reporting to the head of the department followed by colleagues. According to the survey 95% of the paramedics followed the correct post injury protocol even though only 90% of them knew how to manage it correctly. 88% of the paramedics have been educated regarding the management of needle stick injury through the programme they have attended conducted by their respective institution.

Conclusion : This survey revealed that knowledge of paramedics about the risk association of spread of HIV infection with needle-stick injuries and use of preventive measures was adequate. A standing order procedure (SOP) which if formulated regarding needle-stick injuries should be further encouraged by the head of the respective departments especially to those who have newly joined the institution to obtain still better safety measures.
Short - Term Effects of Eccentric Hip Abductors and Lateral Rotators Strengthening In Sedentary People with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome on Pain and Function : A Randomized Control Trail
Authors: Shetty Kavitha , Mathias Lawrence , Hegde Mahesh V. , Shanmugam Sukumar
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To investigate the influence of additional eccentric strengthening to the hip abductor and lateral rotator musculature on pain and function in sedentary people with Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).

Methods: 30 sedentary patients between 18 and 40 years of age, with a diagnosis of PFPS, all the subjects received treatment for a period of 4weeks and the subjects were randomly assigned to Control group (CG) and Experimental group (EG). The patients in the Control group (n = 15) performed a conventional knee-stretching and strengthening program, whereas, patients in the Experimental group (n = 15) performed the same exercises as those in the control group ,in addition received eccentric strengthening exercises for the hip abductors and lateral rotators. An 11-point numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) were used as outcome measures during the baseline and at the end of 4weeks .

Results: Statistics were retrieved using SPSS.16, paired 't' test was conducted to compare AKPS and LEFS values ,whereas, Mann- Whitney U test was used for NPRS value between the groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, the control group, pre and post-test value for AKPS (p<0.001),LEFS (P<0.001),NPRS (p<0.001) shows a statistical significance and even in the experimental group, pre and post-test value for AKPS (p<0.001),LEFS (P<0.001),NPRS (p<0.001) shows a statistical significance in pain and function, but comparing both the group experimental group is significantly more better AKPS (p=0.002),LEFS (P<0.001),NPRS (P<0.001) then a control group.

Conclusion: short term Knee strengthening exercises supplemented by eccentric hip abductor and lateral rotator musculature–strengthening exercises were more effective than knee exercises alone in improving function and reducing pain in sedentary people with PFPS.
Additional Muscle Belly and Abberant Muscle Fibers over the Extensor Retinaculam of Wrist
Authors: A. Divia Paul , Gaikwad Manisha Rajanand
Published: April 2020

Variations in the extensor compartment of forearm are common and are significant to neurologists, surgeons and anatomists. The present case report describes a well-developed muscle belly medial to the tendons of extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis. Muscle belly is originating from common extensor origin on lateral epicondyle and is inserted to base of third metacarpal; bilaterally. In addition to this, aberrant muscle fibres packed in a common connective tissue bundle over the dorsal digital expansion of left hand were also found. The above observations were noted during routine dissection of a 50 year old Indian male cadaver. The variant muscle having common extensor origin and muscle fibres over dorsal digital expansion were identified and protected. The blood supply and nerve supply were noted. The clinical significance of the variation is explained in detail.
Low Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma : Report of a Rare Uterine Malignancy
Authors: Shetty Harish , Shetty Prasanna K. Kumar , Rajesh Aparna , Spandana J.C.
Published: April 2020

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a rare malignant tumor, occurring in the age group of 40-50 years. We report a case of lowgrade ESS in a 42 year old women, presenting as rapid enlargement of uterus associated with excessive vaginal bleeding. ESS can be mistaken for leiomyoma. Histopathological examination remains the mainstay for diagnosis of such tumors. Although rare, ESS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all women who present with a rapid enlargement of a uterine leiomyoma.
Kimura's disease - an unusual case of neck swelling
Authors: Shenoy Mridula D. , Bhat Chitra Y. , K. Padma Shetty , K. Jayaprakash Shetty
Published: April 2020

Background: Kimura's disease is an uncommon cause of lymphadenopathy in pediatric age group.

Case characteristics: Usually presents as a triad of lymphadenopathy, hyper eosinophilia and hyper IgG. Kimura's presenting as a neck swelling is rare. Intervention: Excised mass was sent for histopathology. Message: To reduce concerns of malignancy.
Unusual Presentation of Fungal Keratitis- Anterior Chamber Granuloma with Necrotising Scleritis: A Case Report
Authors: Haridasan Soumya , Pai Vijay
Published: April 2020

This is a rare case of fungal keratitis presenting as anterior chamber granuloma with necrotising scleritis where a 56 year old woman presented with pain, redness, watering, discharge and blurring of vision in right eye for 6 months and on examination was found to have granulomatous exudate with hypopyon in anterior chamber and staphyloma. On treatment with Intracameral and intrastromal voriconazole the symptoms subsided within a week. This treatment modality proved to be helpful in preventing the progression of such a blinding disease and improving the vision.
Comparision of efficacy of local administration of contractubex & corticosteroids for hypertrophic scar in maxillofacial region
Authors: Mohan Muralee , Prasad B. Rajendra , Sharma S. M. , Shetty Tripthi , Shah Ashay
Published: April 2020

Hypertrophic scarring following surgical procedures & trauma are a great concern for patients and a challenging problem for clinicians. The therapeutic management of hypertrophic scars is a problem that has not yet been satisfactorily solved. Contractubex® ointment and intra lesional injection of corticosteroids have been used effectively for treatment and prevention of hypertrophic scars. However very few data is available to determine the efficacy of Contractubex® ointment and intra lesional injection of corticosteroids for the treatment of hypertrophic scar. Two study groups were made with 10 patients in each group. Patients in Group 1 treated with Contractubex® and patients in Group 2 treated with intra lesional corticosteroid (Triamcinolone acetonide). Scar was analyzed with Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. The collected data was statistically analyzed. We found that the difference between before and after treatment scores for each of the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mean of the before and after treatment difference for the Group 1 (Contractubex® ) was 4.7 while that of group 2 (Corticosteroids) was 2.8. This demonstrated a significant superiority of the Contractubex® treatment compared to corticosteroid treatment. The difference between treatment responses for both the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Excellent to good responses were reported in 90% of the Group 1 (Contractubex®) patients and 30% of Group 2 (Corticosteroids).
A Study to Assess the Awareness of Ill Effects of Tobacco among Adolescents and Young Adults of Mangalore
Authors: Ibrahim Abidh , Mathew Stacy Babun , Arekal Sudipta S. , Kundapur Rashmi ,   Swathi,   Santhosh
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Tobacco use among school children is becoming a serious problem in developing countries. The early age of initiation underscores the urgent need to intervene and protect this vulnerable group from falling prey to this addiction. Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable deaths world over, more so in developing countries. The tobacco situation in India is unique because of a vast spectrum of tobacco products available for smoking as well as smokeless use.

Aims and Objectives: To assess the awareness of risk factors and consequences of tobacco use among adolescent and young adults.

Materials and Method: Materials used are - Questionnaire pertaining to the awareness of smoking.

Methodology: Assessment of awareness and knowledge of tobacco smoking was done by means of answering a pretested validated questionnaire with annonimity.

Results: According to the study 78.23% said that they were aware of effects of smoking on health.39.83% and 14.78% thought it would lead to lung disease and heart disease respectively. 7.8% of the smokers were aware that smoking leads to cancer

Conclusion: According to the study, 78.23% of the study sample were aware of harmful effects of tobacco use on health.