bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СУЩНОСТЬ И ФАКТОРЫ ОЦЕНКИ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТИ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Думенко Юлия Сергеевна
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. В статье рассматриваются сущность и факторы оценки инвестиционной привлекательности муниципального образования. Метод или методология проведения работы. Дано определение понятия «инвестиции», рассмотрена классификация инвестиций, а также подходы к пониманию инвестиционной привлекательности территории. Результаты. Рассмотрены различные подходы к определению понятия инвестиций. Таким образом, под инвестициями понимаются вложения различных видов и в разнообразных формах, их объединяет общая цель — получение эффекта, полезного для инвестора. Представлена классификация инвестиций (капиталовложений) на основе различных признаков, таких, как: – финансовые капиталовложения; – реальные капиталовложения; – непрямое капиталовложение; – прямое капиталовложение; – долговременное капиталовложение; – кратковременное капиталовложение; – индивидуальные капиталовложения; – государственные капиталовложения. Все вышеперечисленные виды капиталовложения являются актуальными для государства, для регионов и муниципалитетов. Таким образом, инвестиционная привлекательность (капиталовложения) — это многосторонняя оценка хозяйствующего субъекта, которая зависит от большого количества взаимозависимых условий. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы при анализе и прогнозировании инвестиционной привлекательности муниципального образования. Выводы. Давая комплексную оценку инвестированию (капиталовложению), можно сделать вывод об эффективном вложении средств в проекты, программы, реализуемые на территории муниципального образования, о модернизации и инновациях, о научно-техническом прогрессе. Об эффективных внешних и внутренних капиталовложениях. Такое перспективное планирование социально-экономического развития, инновации помогает органам местного самоуправления управлять и развиваться по-новому.
ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ТРУДА И КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ НА ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ, РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТЬ И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ТРУДА
Authors: Янкаускас Константинас Стасисович , Куликов Максим Юрьевич
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. Статья посвящена оценке влияния качества труда и качества жизни на эффективность труда. Метод и методология работы. Определяются подходы к понятию производительности и эффективности труда. Оценивается структура экономики и производительности труда в России и за рубежом, а также приводятся основные факторы, влияющие на эффективность труда. Результаты. Аргументируется зависимость социально-трудовых отношений с формированием человеческого капитала, его накоплением, приводящем к развитию инновационной экономики. Обосновывается необходимость обеспечения качества труда и жизни для построения эффективной экономики. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы при анализе и прогнозировании структурных изменений на национальном рынке труда. Выводы. Полученные результаты показывают необходимость обеспечения качества труда и качества жизни, направленных на создание оптимальных условий производственной деятельности для создания прочной основы повышения эффективности труда и понижения рисков, как следствие смены технологического уклада.
НАЛОГОВЫЕ ЛЬГОТЫ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ВЛИЯНИЯ НА ДЕМОГРАФИЮ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ РФ)
Authors: Матвиенко Ирина Ивановна
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. В статье рассматриваются налоговые льготы как инструмент влияния на демографию. Метод или методология проведения работы. Проведен анализ существующих налоговых льгот для физических лиц в контексте демографии, так как исследуется наличие налоговых льгот для семей с детьми. Результаты. Даны рекомендации по совершенствованию механизма применения налоговых льгот для семей с детьми: 1. Требуется пересмотр стандартных и социальных налоговых вычетов по налогу на доходы физических лиц в части увеличения размеров налоговых вычетов. Например: – увеличить размеры стандартных вычетов на детей минимум в 2–3 раза и/или увеличить максимальный лимит дохода для применения детских вычетов до суммы не менее 700 000 рублей; – повысить лимит на обучение детей минимум до 100 000 рублей или убрать норму, устанавливающую ограничение в общей сумме на двух родителей, и предоставлять налоговый вычет на обучение детей в размере 50 000 рублей на каждого из родителей. 2. Необходимо законодательно закрепить федеральную льготу — 100-процентное освобождение от уплаты транспортного налога многодетных семей и семей с ребенком-инвалидом. 3. Внести изменения в Налоговый кодекс РФ по части применения федеральных льгот для многодетный семьи, молодой семьи и семьи с ребенком-инвалидом — 100-процентное освобождение от уплаты земельного налога и налога на имущество физических лиц за один объект налогообложения. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы для совершенствования механизма применения налоговых льгот в целях решения демографических проблем в стране. Выводы. Делается вывод о том, что налоговые льготы могут непосредственно влиять на благосостояние семей с детьми, поскольку позволяют налогоплательщику-родителю увеличивать его доход и увеличивать семейный бюджет в целом. Сэкономленные доходы от налогов могут быть направлены на будущее собственных детей, тем самым стимулируя рождаемость в стране.
РАЗВИТИЕ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО БАНКОВСКОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ. СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ИНТЕРНЕТ-БАНКИНГА И МОБИЛЬНОГО БАНКИНГА
Authors: Барыло Елена Владимировна , Шакирова Карина Владленовна , Зяблицкая Наталья Викторовна
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. В статье рассмотрены причины популярности банковских мобильных приложений, а также возможности для их дальнейшего развития. Метод или методология проведения работы. Проведен статистический и аналитический анализ использования услуг банков на основании технологии интернет-банкинга и мобильного банкинга. Результаты. Дистанционное банковское обслуживание в России развивается быстрыми темпами. Особенно это заметно на примере развития и усовершенствования систем мобильного банкинга и интернет-банкинга, использование которых значительно упростило процесс обслуживания клиентов банков. С каждым годом банки стремятся улучшить и упростить свои приложения для мобильных телефонов, тем самым привлекая к себе все новых и новых клиентов. Ведь именно усложненность и недоверчивость к интернет-банкингу помешали распространиться данной технологии у нас в России должным образом. Также на развитие ДБО сильно повлияло то, что люди стали более грамотнее в информационных технологиях, тем самым они перестали тратить свое время на такие рутинные дела, как ожидание очереди на перевод денежных средств другому человеку или оплату ЖКХ. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы при анализе и разработке мобильных приложений банков. Выводы. Таким образом, система дистанционного банковского обслуживания имеет все необходимые информационные и технические ресурсы глобальной сети Интернет для дальнейшего развития и процветания в мире и в России в частности.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ГЕТЕРОГЕННОСТИ РЕЛИГИОЗНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ НА ОЦЕНКУ КАЧЕСТВА РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В РОССИИ
Authors: Хржановская Алина Алексеевна
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. В настоящей статье производится оценка влияния неоднородности населения на удовлетворенность государственным управлением в регионах Российской Федерации. Метод или методология проведения работы. Для проведения анализа используется утвержденный в 2012 г. Указом президента показатель оценки качества деятельности органов власти. В качестве критерия неоднородности в обществе выбраны религиозные предпочтения граждан, источниками данных по которым послужили Атлас религий и национальностей России, Арена (некоммерческая Исследовательская служба «Среда») и Федеральное агентство по делам национальностей. На основе данных о конфессиональном составе рассчитаны индексы неоднородности и поляризации – предполагаемые факторы, воздействующие на оценку власти населением. Произведен эконометрический анализ влияния неоднородности населения на оценку управления. Результаты. Индексы неоднородности Симпсона и Поляризации оказались значимы во всех рассматриваемых моделях, куда включались по очереди. Знак коэффициентов при переменных везде отрицательный. Регрессии, где в качестве объясняющей переменной рассматривался только индекс Поляризации, несмотря на значимость фактора, имеют сравнительной небольшой коэффициент детерминации. И, напротив, зависимости, содержащие исключительно индекс Симпсона, характеризуются коэффициентом детерминации, достаточно высоком для модели, включающей всего один неосновной фактор. Значение R2 сохраняется примерно на том же уровне после добавления индекса Поляризации, значимость которого при этом пропадает и меняется направление воздействия. Область применения результатов. Оценки, полученные в ходе исследования, могут быть использованы при анализе результатов опросов и принятии решений в отношении регионального управления. Выводы. Несмотря на отсутствие более очевидных факторов, которые могли бы влиять на удовлетворенность государственной властью помимо неоднородности, подтверждено отрицательное влияние индексов на объясняющую переменную. При этом можно говорить о том, что воздействие неоднородности населения проявляется более выраженно, чем воздействие поляризации, настолько, что способно его нейтрализовать. Конечно, важно не преувеличивать влияние неоднородности по сравнению с другими факторами, формирующими общественное мнение в отношении деятельности органов власти, однако, судя по оценкам, приведенным в статье, его влияние на удовлетворенность властью значимо, причем можно утверждать, что разнообразие играет одну из основных ролей в формировании отношения к власти у населения.
АНАЛИЗ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ УЧАСТИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВА В АКЦИОНЕРНЫХ ОБЩЕСТВАХ
Authors: Гаджиев Назирхан Гаджиевич , Коноваленко Сергей Александрович , Трофимов Михаил Николаевич
Published: December 2020

В статье проводится теоретический анализ нормативно-правового регулирования участия государства в хозяйственных обществах. Анализируются уровни нормативного регулирования и отдельные положения нормативно-правовых актов. Значительное внимание уделяется стратегическим положениям указов Президента РФ, постановлений Правительства РФ и федеральных законов. В статье сделан акцент на региональное законодательство и судебную практику по проблемам участия государства в хозяйственных обществах. Целью научной статьи явилось проведение теоретического анализа нормативно-правового регулирования участия государства в акционерных обществах. Методологическая база исследования. Теоретической и методологической основой исследования в научной статье явились работы как российских, так и зарубежных специалистов в области права, корпоративного управления, нормативно-правовые документы по теме исследования, а также материалы периодической печати ведущих ученых правоведов. Основными методами исследования, использованными при написании работы, явились: методы наблюдения, сравнения, индукции, дедукции и монографический (описательный). Результаты. Авторами обоснована необходимость разработки и внедрения единого системного правового документа, определяющего на законодательном уровне процесс управления государственной собственностью. В работе авторы пришли к мнению о необходимость разработки данного стандарта в сфере корпоративного менеджмента. Были обоснованы моменты касательно необходимости прописания видов ответственности лиц, а в некоторых случаях ужесточения ее за принятие решений в сфере управления государственной собственностью и использование специального права «Золотая акция». Даны рекомендации касательно организации системы нормативного регулирования механизма взаимодействия государства и публично-правовых образований. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы при разработке локальных нормативно-правовых актов в организациях с государственным участием. Выводы. Сегодня в РФ отсутствует единый системный правовой документ, регулирующий процесс управления государственной собственностью, хотя важность принятия такого закона (стандарта) неоспорима научным сообществом. Необходимость разработки данного стандарта лежит и в сфере корпоративного менеджмента, так как он должен будет определять не только алгоритм управления, но и порядок организации системы оплаты труда, порядок выплат бонусов ключевому управленческому персоналу, порядок реорганизации и ликвидации общества, организации системы внутреннего контроля.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE MICROBIAL LANDSCAPE OF TROPHIC ULCERS IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT METHODS OF LOCAL TREATMENT
Authors: O.B. Nuzova , R.R. Faizulina
Published: December 2020

Treatment of trophic ulcers of lower extremities is one of the most important problems of surgery. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the microbial landscape of trophic ulcers in various methods of local treatment.
The results of studies on the microflora of trophic ulcers of lower extremities in 245 patients of the main and control groups were analyzed. In 96 patients with trophic ulcers (the main group), Miliacil and magnetolaser therapy were used locally in the treatment of trophic ulcers. For the treatment of 60 patients of the first control group with trophic ulcers, Miliacil and laser radiation were applied topically. In the second control group (59 patients), only Miliacil was used. In the third control group (30 patients), 1% dioxidine solution was used topically for the first 7–10 days, and then the treatment was followed by applying the sea buckthorn oil. The microbiological studies of the trophic ulcer contents demonstrated that Miliacil in combination with laser radiation and especially in combination with magnetic laser therapy had a more pronounced antimicrobial effect than only miliacil and even more so than the 1% dioxidine solution and sea buckthorn oil. It was found that in 161 (65.7%) patients the pathogens were inoculated in the form of a monoculture and in 84 (34.3%) - in the form of microbial associations. According to the composition of strains, among monocultures, 67 (41.6%) patients had Staphylococcus aureus, 39 (24.2%) - Proteus, 24 (14.9%) - E. coli, 20 (12.4%) - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 11 (6.9%) -Streptococcus. The Staphylococcal associations were predominant, they were found in 68 (80.9%) patients. 336 strains of microorganisms were isolated and 296 (88%) of them were resistant to three or more antibiotics. At the end of treatment, in 87 (90.6%) patients of the main group, there was not observed any microflora in the ulcer inoculations. At the end of treatment, the ulcer microflora was not observed in 51 (85%) patients in the first control group, in 36 (61%) patients in the second control group, and in seven (23.3%) patients in the third control group.
Thus, as result of studies conducted the specific features of the microbial landscape of trophic ulcers with different methods of topical treatment have been established.
CARBOHYDRATE PRODUCT FOR THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC PURPOSES
Authors: L.S. Khvorova , V.A. Byzov
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the creation of a carbohydrate product with rosehip extract in the form of sweets (glucose Fudge) with a therapeutic and preventive effect aimed at restoring the body of people exposed to intense physical and mental stress and the effects of damaging environmental factors. As carbohydrates in the recipe, simple carbohydrates (glucose) and complex carbohydrates in the form of starch molasses containing (maltose, tri - Tetra - sugars, dextrins) are used. Glucose in the formulation is the main energy ingredient, sweetener and structure-forming component that gives the product a solid consistency due to crystallization. The medicinal effect of the product is provided by rosehip extract. Numerous published studies have established its vitamin, immunostimulating and antioxidant activity, inhibition of uric acid formation and obesity, which are associated with flavonoids, other phenolic compounds, and vitamins. The list of medicinal properties of rosehip extract shows the feasibility of using it in additional nutrition of people in order to prevent diseases. For the formulation of our sweets, the extraction of crushed rosehip fruits was carried out three times with hot water at a temperature of 65-700C, followed by concentration of the extract under vacuum to 25-30% SV. The resulting extract-concentrate was introduced into the formulation in a dosage of 5.5% SV per 100 g of SV glucose Fudge, which provided the necessary dosage for the product when used from 3 (for children) to 10 sweets a day (for adults) for the prevention of colds.
INFLUENCE OF OFFICE BLEACHING SYSTEMS ON THE RESISTANCE OF HARD TOOTH TISSUES
Authors: O.A. Magsumova , M.A. Postnikov , E.A. Ryskina , T.M. Tkach , V.A. Polkanova
Published: December 2020

One of the non-invasive methods for treating discoloration of hard tooth tissues is teeth whitening. The aim of this work is to assess the dynamics of changes in the acid resistance of enamel and hard tissues of teeth and the rate of its remineralization after the procedure of office teeth whitening. The study involved 123 patients aged 18 to 35 years with discoloration of various origins, with the color of hard tooth tissues on the Vita Classic A2 scale and darker. Before performing the office, teeth whitening procedure, all patients gave their written voluntary informed consent to participate in this study, as well as consent to the processing of personal data. Depending on the chosen method of office teeth whitening, patients were divided into 3 groups. The resistance of hard tooth tissues was judged based on the determination of TOER and CASRE tests. These indicators were determined at various times (5 days before the office teeth whitening procedure, 5 days after it, after 14, 30 days and 6 months). Regardless of the chosen whitening system, the office teeth whitening procedure is accompanied by a decrease in the enamel's resistance to acids and a decrease in the rate of its remineralization. The remineralizing function of oral fluid promotes the positive dynamics of the studied parameters after 14 days and after 30 days values increased due to the appointment of remineralizing therapy to all patients in 2 weeks after the teeth whitening procedure. After 6 months, all patients had high enamel resistance and the rate of its remineralization.
IMMUNOTHERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS
Authors: N.K. Kaitmazova
Published: December 2020

The great interest of researchers in respiratory pathology in children is due to the high incidence rate. Respiratory diseases are most common in children attending organized preschool groups.
Goal. To study the effectiveness and safety of using Derinat in the treatment of children with obstructive bronchitis.
Material and methods. There were 48 children under supervision. Determination of CD-cells was carried out using CD-typing of leukocytes (using monoclonal antibodies). Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test (Statistica 6.0 software).
All children underwent dynamic laboratory examination and immunological parameters. The primary examination was carried out when the children were admitted to the hospital. Re-examination was carried out after the end of therapy. Group I (n = 19) included patients who received traditional treatment. Group II children (n = 16) underwent complex therapy with an immunomodulator. Derinat was selected as the study drug.
Results. The data obtained reflect the effectiveness of the use of the drug polyoxidonium in the treatment of obstructive bronchitis in children.
Conclusion. Thus, the results obtained have confirmed the effectiveness of Derinat in the treatment of children aged 3–6 years with obstructive bronchitis.
ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF INTERNAL DISORDERS OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
Authors: I.V. Voloshina , D.A. Makurdumyan
Published: December 2020

Currently, diseases of the temporomandibular joint are quite common among the young population, however, their diagnosis is rather difficult, due to the complex and diverse clinical picture, and treatment is ineffective. This study is devoted to the identification of signs of TMJ disorders, their analysis and non-surgical treatment using splint systems. After the questionnaire we developed, a group of patients with unfavorable indicators regarding internal disorders of the temporomandibular joint was identified. Each patient from this group underwent differential diagnostics of TMJ pathologies and got an individual treatment plan, including repositioning of the articular disc in a non-surgical way, relieving hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles, and limiting the movements of the mandible. All patients underwent repositioning or muscle relaxant splints. After therapy, all the participants of this group showed positive dynamics after two weeks, as evidenced by the results of this work and this allows us to conclude that it is necessary to carry out splint therapy in the treatment of this type of diseases of the temporomandibular joint.
RETHINKING OF THE METHOD OF CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY TRAUMATIC SHOULDER DISLOCATION
Authors: V.A. Aslanov , S.A. Linnik , A.B. But-Gusaim
Published: December 2020

Тhe authors of the article studied the evolution of views on the treatment of primary traumatic shoulder dislocation. In two research groups, including 103 patients, an attempt was made to eliminate the shortcomings of the generally accepted method of conservative treatment of this pathology: after atraumatic dislocation reduction, immobilization was performed in a mass-produced sling, and from the first day after the injury, an individually selected course of physical therapy for the immobilized limb was started, in accordance with age and physical development. The proposed approach to treatment was a reinterpretation of all stages of the existing method of conservative treatment of primary traumatic shoulder dislocation and allowed to improve the subjective feelings of patients on the VASH scale, as well as indicators of objective evaluation of function on the Rowe scale. In the conditions of a trauma center in a large district of a multi-million city, screening ultrasound of the shoulder joint is promising for all patients who have suffered a primary traumatic dislocation of the shoulder immediately after the dislocation is set and three weeks after the injury. This study allows us to conduct additional diagnostics and identify a group of patients with specific injuries to the anatomical structures of the shoulder joint, which in the future may initiate the development of post-traumatic instability. The functional method of immobilization of the upper limb after reduction of traumatic primary shoulder dislocation effective and simple to implement, easy for the patient and allows the doctor to monitor the results obtained at each stage of treatment.
PREDICTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF HIGH SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN THE DEBUT OF MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA
Authors: T.N. Babaeva , O.B. Seregina , T.I. Pospelova
Published: December 2020

At present, the serum ferritin level is not included in the list of prognostic factors; however, it is known that its increased serum level in patients with malignant neoplasms relates with the tumor burden, the degree of disease activity and correlates with a worse prognosis in patients with hematologic malignancies.The normalization of serum ferritin level during remission period confirms the involving of hyperferritinemia in mechanisms of tumor progression and may testify for clinical importance of measurement of serum ferritin level in patients, including those with malignant lymphomas.
Objective:The aim of this study was to assess of the prognostic significance of high ferritin levels at the onset of the disease in patients with malignant lymphomas.
Materials and methods:98 patients with malignant lymphomaswere enrolled in this study, including 72 patients (73.5%) with non-Hodgkins lymphomas (NHL) and 26 patients (26.5%) with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). The increased serum ferritin level (more than 350 ng/ml) was found in 53 (54.2%) patients with malignant lymphomas at the onset of disease and its average concentration was 587,62±131,6 ng/ml (8.3 times higher values of control group, p<0.001).Also the positive statistical correlationsbetween increased ferritin level and increased level of LDH (r=0.47, p<0.001, n=98) and C-reactive protein (r=0.41, p<0.001, n=98) as well as the presence of B-symptomswere found. The median OS was significantly shorter in the group of patients with increased ferritin level (more than 350 ng/ml) at the onset of disease in comparison with group of patients with normal ferritin level, where the median OS was not reach during the observation period. Patients with increased ferritin level before starting chemotherapy also showed worse results of overall survival and increased mortality risk (OR 8.122; 95% CI, 1.764-37.396;р<0.05) compare with a group of patients with ferritin level ˂350 hg/ml at the onset of disease.
Conclusion:These results make it possible to include lymphomas’s patients with increased ferritin level at the onset of disease in the group with poor prognosis and lower OS, while the increased ferritin level in patients without previous blood transfusions should be considered as a significant prognostic factor.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT TUMOR LESIONS OF THE SPINE
Authors: E.M. Fadeev , V.V. Usikov , V.M. Khaydarov , K.V. Filippov , I.M. Kuparadze
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The problem of diagnostics and treatment of oncological diseases is one of the most urgent challenges of the public health system. Despite successful achievements over the past years, surgical treatment of spinal tumors is becoming more demanded due to the increasing number of cases with complexities and long duration of the disease. The research found out developing compression of the spinal cord at 10% of patients with spinal spread. Still, the patients suffering spinal tumors are associated with high mortality rates. Aim: To analyze the results of clinical treatment of spinal tumors at patients who have received specialized orthopedic aid. Methods and materials: From 2014 to 2019, patients with spinal neoformations (N=240) received surgical treatment at Traumatology Unit of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. We assessed categories of sex, age, histologic type and location of tumors, pain severity (BAIII), neurologic status (Frankel scale), life span (from operation to death or the latest check-up). Results: The choice of the treatment method depended on the pathology of the spinal tumor. Analysis of the material found: spinal lesion is caused by secondary tumors, mainly; spinal spread results in chest lesions. Positive dynamics of the neurologic status was observed at patients of B,C,D,E groups (Frankel scale) after the surgery. All the patients, having received puncture vertebroplasty, experienced the regression of pain severity. Conclusion: Vertebroplasty is an efficient treatment of pain severity at patients with symptomatic and aggressive haemangeoma and pathologic fractures of vertebral bodies during the neoplastic process. We should apply surgical treatment for patients with spinal cord compression as earlier as possible to prevent from the development of sever neurologic disorders and pain management. The main method of treatment is decompressing and stabilizing interventions from the posterior approach.
PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors: N.Yu. Gan , L.I. Ponomareva , K.A. Obukhova
Published: December 2020

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture.
Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.
THE ROLE OF CHILDREN'S ARTISTIC LITERATUR IN THE ASSIMILATION OF PHILOSOPHICAL CATEGORIES BY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: L.I. Ponomareva , N.Yu. Gan , K.A. Obukhova
Published: December 2020

In the presented study, the authors raise the question of the need to include in the educational process of a preschool institution to familiarize children with some philosophical categories. The educational system in which the child is included, starting from preschool childhood, provides him with the opportunity to gradually and continuously enter the knowledge of the world around him.
It is in preschool childhood that the child is exposed to various relationships, values of culture and health, diverse patterns in the field of different knowledge. This contributes to a broader interaction of the preschooler with the world around him, which, in turn, ensures the assimilation not of disparate ideas about objects and phenomena, but their natural integration and interpenetration, which means understanding the integrity of the picture of the world. The authors prove the idea that the assimilation of philosophical categories by children contributes to the understanding of the structure of the surrounding world. The analysis of research is presented, proving that children's fiction in an understandable and accessible language, life examples and vivid images is able to explain to children the laws of the functioning of nature and society, as well as to reveal the world of human relations and feelings. Fiction surrounds the child from the first years of his life. It is she who contributes to the development of thinking and imagination, enriches the sensory world, provides role models and teaches you to find a way out in different situations. Philosophical categories such as "love and friendship", "beautiful and ugly", "good and evil" are represented in children's literature very widely, and the efficiency of mastering philosophical categories depends on the skill of an adult in conveying the content of a work, on correctly placed accents.
ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF YAKUTIA GIRLS FROM THE POSITION OF CENTILE ANALYSIS
Authors: V.A. Alekseeva , A.B. Guryeva
Published: December 2020

The study of physical development of the population requires regular monitoring and identification of various trends in order to establish normative indicators taking into account the ethnicity, gender, age and region of residence. The aim of the work was to determine the anthropometric parameters of girls in Yakutia using centile analysis. 1284 girls of 16-20 years of yakut nationality were examined. Somatometric examination was performed according to the method of V. V. Bunak. The length and weight of the body were determined. Absolute values of the main body components (fat, muscle, and bone mass) are calculated using the Matiegka formulas. To determine the fat component of the body by caliperometry, the thickness of skin-fat folds was measured. To calculate the muscular component of the body, the girth dimensions of the shoulder, forearm, wrist, hip, lower leg, chest, buttocks and girth above the ankles were measured. The bone component of the body is determined by measuring the distal diameters of the shoulder, wrist, hip, and ankle using a sliding compass. The diameter of the shoulders and pelvis, chest circumference, waist, and buttocks were measured. Statistical analysis of the obtained material was performed using the SPSS application package for Windows (version 17.0). The median and interquartile range of anthropometric indicators were calculated, and a centile analysis was performed. We used the Р3, Р10, Р25, Р50, Р75, Р90, Р97 centils. Somatometric parameters located in the range P25-P75 were taken as normal. Lower values of the length and body weight of girls in Yakutia compared to girls in other regions of Russia were established. Revealed an increasing value of the fat component of the body of yakut young women. Based on the centile analysis, regional standards for the physical development of girls of yakut nationality aged 16-20 years were established. The presented normative indicators can be used by different specialists of medical science and practice.
ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN AN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION: DIAGNOSIS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
Authors: N.S. Livak , A.A. Smirnaya , V.V. Lebedikhin
Published: December 2020

In an educational organization, a student is faced with a large number of complexes, ambiguous both educational and life situations that require him to have an adequate and conscious choice. At the same time, many lack an understanding of their social ideas and the ability to separate emotional relationships from rational interaction. The modern youth environment, due to its age, worldview and socio-psychological characteristics, is in dire need of sociocultural identification, therefore, it is more susceptible to transformational processes associated with the assimilation of value systems, norms that form certain forms of behavior. There is a substitution of traditional forms of public morals and value foundations, leveling cultural continuity, the threat of preserving the milestones of Russian history, etc. These aspects lead to an increase in forms of deviant behavior, manifested in deviation from legal and moral norms. There is a desire to participate in informal youth associations, which leads to increased aggressiveness, an increase in extremism in the youth environment. The origin of extremism is considered the intellectual and moral limitations of the individual, which testifies to the problems of education, both in the institution of the family and in the educational process. A socio-psychological study in an educational organization can identify categories of students who require targeted information, education and psychological and pedagogical impact in order to timely prevent deviant behavior, including extremist manifestations. The diagnostic technique «Violent Extremism Attitude Scales – VEAS» allows you to identify dispositions for extremism in the student environment in the early stages, and to introduce preventive measures in the educational process in a timely manner.
Measuring Student Learning Approaches and Generic Skills: A Multi-Group Analysis of Gender Differences
Authors: Sahil Sharifah Azizah Syed , Hassan Haslinawati , Ismail Wan Roslina Wan
Published: December 2020

The present study sought to measure student learning approaches and generic skills and to determine the influence of learning approaches on the undergraduates’ generic skills. By utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), the study aimed to identify if there are any gender differences in the relations. The study adapted the Revised Approaches to Studying (RASI) (Duff, 1997) in order to measure the learning approaches and the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) (Wilson & Lizzio, 1997) to tap into the students’ generic skills. A total of 233 undergraduates from various religious studies disciplines took part in the survey. The study utilized purposive sampling in the data collection in which only final year students were sampled. Using multi-group analysis via SEM, the data showed that the models for boys and girls differed in which the girls’ surface approach negatively influenced their generic skills. Unlike the girls, the boys’ strategic and surface approaches are related to generic skills, each having a positive and negative relationship respectively. Interestingly, the boys’ model also accounted for a higher explained variance (47%) compared to that of the girls’ (23%). A model of the relationship between the learning approaches and generic skills used was subsequently proposed. The study uncovered how the boys’ and girls’ learning approaches may influence the teaching and learning in the classroom and on students’ generic skills, subsequently graduate employability. A number of suggestions have been forwarded so as to escalate the use of generics skills among the students of various religious studies disciplines and those of girls in particular.
Analisis kesulitan belajar siswa SMA pada pembelajaran geometri
Authors: Sari Rika Mulyati Mustika , Roesdiana Lessa
Published: December 2020

Geometry is one branch of mathematics for high school level, one of which is cone slices which deal with circles, ellipses, parabola, and hyperbole. However, from the data obtained in the last few years from the PUSPENDIK the value of the students' mathematics at the Geometry branch is always lower than the other branches of the mathematics branch. This is what encourages researchers to conduct preliminary research that aims to analyze and describe student learning difficulties in learning geometry. The benefits of this research are a reference for research to develop appropriate mathematics teaching materials and in accordance with the characteristics of geometry. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. Methods of data collection are observation, interviews and questionnaires. Analysis of the data used is using the Miles and Huberman models which include: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing / verification. The results of this study are in the form of a description of learning difficulties faced by students in learning geometry.   Keywords: learning difficulties, Geometry
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Mahasiswa Calon Guru Matematika Pada Mata Kuliah Program Linier
Authors: Nugroho Aryo Andri , Dwijayanti Ida
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan secara kualitatif kemampuan pemecahan masalah calon guru matematika dalam menyelesaikan masalah program linier. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa pendidikan matematika semester IV Universitas PGRI Semarang tahun 2017/2018. Penggalian data dilakukan secara mendalam dengan bersumber dari soal pemecahan masalah kemudian wawancara semi struktur. Analisis data dilakukan terlebih dahulu mengumpulkan data, reduksi data, penyajian data serta akhirnya menarik kesimpulan dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini, subjek dapat memahami permasalahan dengan cara mengidentifikasi informasi - informasi yang muncul pada permasalahan dan menentukan menggunakan metode simplek sebagai cara  penyelesaiannya dengan mengubah soal cerita menjadi model matematikanya terlebih dahulu. Setelah itu, menyelesaikan dengan metode simplek sampai memperoleh penyelesaian yang optimum serta mengecek kembali hasil jawaban yang sudah dikerjakan.
Pengembangan E-Modul Matematika Berbasis Pendekatan Kontekstual Berbantu Media Powerpoint untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Siswa pada Materi Program Linear
Authors: Wicaksono Khoirul Anam Dwi , Handayanto Agung , Happy Nurina
Published: December 2020

Media pembelajarandalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah perlu terus dilakukanpembaruan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajarane-modulberbasis pendekatan kontekstual untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang valid, praktis, dan efektif.Pada penelitan dan pengembangan inimenggunakan model ADDIE yangterdiri dari 5 tahap yaitu Analysis (Analisis), Design (Perancangan), Development (Pengembangan), Implementation(Implementasi), dan Evaluation (Evaluasi). Untuk data akhirdianalisis dengan menggunakan uji kesamaan dua rata-rata yaitu uji t satu pihakkanan. Darianalisis data akhir dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar pesertadidik kelas eksperimenlebih baik dari peserta didik kelas kontrol. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelas yang menggunakan e-modulberbasis pendekatan kontekstual lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan kelas yang tanpa menggunakan e-modulberbasis pendekatan kontekstual.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN ALJABAR SISWA SMP DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH POLA BILANGAN
Authors: Raharjo Sigit , Pradja Barra Purnama , Istiqomah Dian
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan penalaran aljabar siswa dalam pemecahan masalah pola bilangan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif, subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Tangerang. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini berupa tes, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil tes dikelompokan menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Setiap kelompok diambil masing-masing 1 siswa untuk dijadikan responden. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelompok dengan kategori kemampuan tinggi berada pada karakteristik dan tingkat penalaran aljabar yang lebih tinggi dari tingkat 1 namun belum mencapai ke tingkat 2, kategori kemampuan sedang berada pada karakteristik dan tingkat penalaran aljabar tingkat 1 dan dengan kategori kemampuan tinggi berada pada karakteristik dan tingkat penalaran aljabar tingkat 0
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA YANG BERKARAKTER
Authors: Br Bangun Lindawati , Fauzi Kms. M. Amin , Ariswoyo Suwarno
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk menelaah peningkatan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa menggunakan pendekatan saintifik dengan pengembangan bahan ajar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model ADDIE yaitu analyze , design, development, implementation and evaluation. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMP MMA UISU Medan berjumlah 60 orang. Objek penelitian adalah materi operasi hitung operasi aljabar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan yaitu:  (1) pengembangan bahan ajar dengan pendekatan saintifik dinyatakan valid oleh validator ahli, selanjutnya praktis ditunjukkan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran oleh guru diperoleh nilai 4,43 dengan kategori baik dan valid serta respon positif peserta didik dalam menggunakan buku siswa ditunjukkan dengan hasil sebesar 88,68% dan efektifitas bahan ajar yang dikembangan dalam meningkatan pemecahan masalah matematis melalui bahan ajar dengan pendekatan saintifik peserta didik kelas VIII SMP MMA UISU Medan Tahun Pembelajaran 2018/2019 pada materi operasi aljabar memenuhi syarat dengan ketuntasan sebesar 90%. (2) Terdapat peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis operasi aljabar melalui pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis pendekatan saintifik peserta didik kelas VIII SMP MMA UISU Medan.
Profil Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Dan Science Motivation Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Petarukan Kabupaten Pemalang
Authors: Andika Tokoh Bayu , Siswanto Joko
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan soal serta science motivation siswa dalam mempelajari IPA khususnya materi Suhu dan kalor pada peserta didik Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Petarukan Kabupaten Pemalang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Petarukan Kabupaten Pemalang beralamat di jalan pemuda petarukan. Waktu penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Petarukan sejumlah 31 siswa dengan ketentuan masing masing kelas diambil rata-rata 3 siswa dari setiap kelasnya. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa  dan angket SMQ (Science Motivation Questionnaire) siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian yang diperoleh maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa profil kemampuan pemecahkan masalah kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Petarukan pada indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dalam memahami masalah memperoleh skor 87,42% dengan kriteria sangat tinggi. Perolehan skor untuk kemampuan siswa dalam merencanakan masalah yakni 41,13% yang termasuk dalam kriteria cukup. Untuk kemampuan siswa dalam melaksanakan rencana memperoleh skor 27,10% dengan kriteria rendah, sedangkan kemampuan siswa dalam memeriksa kembali memperoleh skor terendah yakni 18,06% yang termasuk dalam kriteria sangat rendah. Sedangkan profil science motivation siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Petarukan dilihat dari aspek Science Motivation Quesionare (SMQ) tergolong dalam kriteria tinggi yaitu dengan skor rata- rata 76.Kata kunci: Kemampuan pemecahan masalah, Science motivation siswa
Meningkatkan Pemahaman Peserta Didik Berbantu Media Powerpoint Melalui Zoom Kelas 5 SD Negeri Tlogorejo 2 Guntur Demak 2020-2021
Authors: Ratnawati Dewi
Published: December 2020

This research was motivated by the lack of understanding of students during online learning. The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of students in grade 5 SD Negeri Tlogorejo 2 Guntur Demak through zoom assisted by powerpoint media. This research was conducted in November 2020, at SD Negeri Tlogorejo 2 Guntur Demak. This type of research is a Classroom Action Research with three cycles consisting of one meeting in one cycle. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Data collection techniques and tools in this study used descriptive analysis techniques for data in the form of documents of students' work, lists of values and observation sheets. The results showed that assisted by powerpoint media through zooming the learning outcomes of students increased, namely in the first cycle there were 3 students who achieved mastery learning or 30%. In the second cycle there was an increase to 7 students who completed or 70%. Whereas in cycle III there were 8 students completing or 80% an increase of 50%. From the learning results of these students, it can be concluded that through zoom assisted by powerpoint can improve students' understanding.Keywords: understanding, powerpoint, PTK