bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Standard Genetic Map for the Laboratory Mouse
Authors: Cox Allison , Ackert-Bicknell Cheryl L , Dumont Beth L , Ding Yueming , Bell Jordana Tzenova , Brockmann Gudrun A , Wergedal Jon E , Bult Carol , Paigen Beverly , Flint Jonathan , Tsaih Shirng-Wern , Churchill Gary A , Broman Karl W
Published: June 2009

Genetic maps provide a means to estimate the probability of the co-inheritance of linked loci as they are transmitted across generations in both experimental and natural populations. However, in the age of whole-genome sequences, physical distances measured in base pairs of DNA provide the standard coordinates for navigating the myriad features of genomes. Although genetic and physical maps are colinear, there are well-characterized and sometimes dramatic heterogeneities in the average frequency of meiotic recombination events that occur along the physical extent of chromosomes. There also are documented differences in the recombination landscape between the two sexes. We have revisited high-resolution genetic map data from a large heterogeneous mouse population and have constructed a revised genetic map of the mouse genome, incorporating 10,195 single nucleotide polymorphisms using a set of 47 families comprising 3546 meioses. The revised map provides a different picture of recombination in the mouse from that reported previously. We have further integrated the genetic and physical maps of the genome and incorporated SSLP markers from other genetic maps into this new framework. We demonstrate that utilization of the revised genetic map improves QTL mapping, partially due to the resolution of previously undetected errors in marker ordering along the chromosome.
Reliability of the Proposed International Classification of High‐Resolution Computed Tomography for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Suganuma Narufumi , Kusaka Yukinori , Hering Kurt G. , Vehmas Tapio , Kraus Thomas , Arakawa Hiroaki , Parker John E. , Kivisaari Leena , Letourneux Marc , Gevenois Pierre A. , Tuengerthal Siegfreud , Crane Michael D. , Shida Hisao , Akira Masanori , Henry Daniel A. , Nakajima Yasuo , Hiraga Yohmei , Itoh Harumi , Hosoda Yutaka
Published: June 2009

Reliability of the Proposed International Classification of High‐Resolution Computed Tomography for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases: Narufumi Suganuma, et al. Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School

Purpose

We have developed a classification of high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images for screening, surveillance and epidemiological studies of respiratory diseases caused by occupational and environmental factors. The proposed classification consists of three parts: a guideline explaining the elements of the classification scheme, a reading sheet, and reference films to aid in assessing thin‐section CT films. We assessed the reliability of the proposed classification system by blinded, independent trial reading.

Materials and Methods

Seven independent radiologists and pulmonologists performed a trial reading to measure the reliability of the classification system using HRCT films from 27 pneumoconiosis patients and 7 normal controls.

Results

The agreement was moderate to good for rounded opacities (weighted κ=0.68 and 0.64), irregular opacities (0.59, 0.48), honeycombing (0.65, 0.47), emphysema (0.76, 0.62) and large opacities (0.48, 0.52). Ground glass opacities (0.16, 0.20) showed poor to fair agreement. Intra‐reader agreement of each of the seven readers was moderate to good (mean: weighted κ=0.52–0.80) for parenchymal findings, but the agreement was relatively low (mean weighted κ=0.52) for ground glass opacities.

Conclusion

The proposed classification is able to describe early dust‐related fibrotic changes and provide a semi‐quantitative description of the HRCT features of major fibrotic changes in the parenchyma and pleura. Reliability, as measured by inter‐reader agreement, was satisfactory.
Airway Inflammation and Upregulation of β2 Mac‐1 Integrin Expression on Circulating Leukocytes of Female Ragpickers in India
Authors: Ray Manas Ranjan , Roychoudhury Sanghita , Mukherjee Sayali , Siddique Shabana , Banerjee Madhuchanda , Akolkar A.B. , Sengupta B. , Lahiri Twisha
Published: June 2009

Airway Inflammation and Upregulation of β2 Mac‐1 Integrin Expression on Circulating Leukocytes of Female Ragpickers in India: Manas Ranjan Ray, et al. Department of Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, India

Objectives

Over one million ragpickers collect and sale recyclable materials from municipal solid wastes (MSW) in India for a living. Since MSW contains a host of pathogenic microorganisms, we investigated the occurrence of airway inflammation and its underlying mechanism in 52 non‐smoking female ragpickers (median age 29 yr) and 42 control women matched for age, smoking habit and socioeconomic conditions in Kolkata, eastern India.

Methods

Spontaneously expectorated sputum were stained using the Papanicolau method for cytology, and flow cytometry was used for measurements of surface expression of β2 Mac‐1 integrin (CD11b/CD18) on leukocytes and P‐selectin on platelets. The concentrations of pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and chemokine interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) were measured in plasma by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Compared with controls, sputum samples of ragpickers contained significantly increased numbers of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes, suggesting airway inflammation. Circulating neutrophils and monocytes of the ragpickers overexpressed CD11b/CD18 and their platelets had upregulated surface expression of P‐selectin, implying functional activation of these cells. In addition, plasma levels of IL‐8 and TNF‐α were significantly increased, indicating greater trafficking of leukocytes from circulation to the tissues. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a positive association between the ragpicking profession and leukocyte activation after controlling for potential confounders.

Conclusions

Ragpickers experience leukocyte and platelet activation and airway inflammation that could make them more vulnerable to tissue damage and cardiovascular diseases.
Employment Contracts: Cross‐sectional and Longitudinal Relations with Quality of Working Life, Health and Well‐being
Authors: Kompier Michiel , Ybema Jan Fekke , Janssen Julia , Taris Toon
Published: June 2009

Employment Contracts: Cross‐sectional and Longitudinal Relations with Quality of Working Life, Health and Well‐being: Michiel Kompier, et al. Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Objectives

The aim of this study was to enhance (i) insight in the relationship between different types of employment contract and the quality of working life, health and well‐being, and (ii) our causal understanding of these relationships by comparing employees whose contract type changes across time.

Methods

Analyses were based on a two‐year prospective cohort study. Cross‐sectional analyses were based upon a sample of 2,454 Dutch employees (2004). Longitudinal data were available for 1,865 respondents (2004–2006). We distinguished among 5 contract types, and subgroups of ‘Upward’ (i.e., towards permanent employment) and ‘Downward’ (towards temporary employment) movers across time. Data were analysed with analysis of variance and cross table analysis.

Results

Cross‐sectionally, we found differences between contract types in quality of working life: generally permanent employees had better jobs, whereas temporary agency workers and on call workers had more ‘bad work characteristics’. We also found a difference in health behaviour (smoking) and that psychological health was worst among temporary agency workers. In longitudinal analyses we found some evidence that a positive change in employment contract was associated with a better quality of working life and better psychological health, whereas the opposite was true for a negative contract change.

Conclusions

The quality of working life, health and well‐being are unequally distributed over employment contract groups. Temporary agency workers and on‐call workers deserve special attention in terms of job design and human resource management.
How Job Demands Affect an Intimate Partner: A Test of the Spillover‐Crossover Model in Japan
Authors: Shimazu Akihito , Bakker Arnold B. , Demerouti Evangelia
Published: June 2009

How Job Demands Affect an Intimate Partner: A Test of the Spillover‐Crossover Model in Japan: Akihito Shimazu, et al. Department of Mental Health, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine

Objectives

The present study examined how job demands affect an intimate partner's well‐being. We hypothesized that job demands have a negative influence on partner well‐being through the experience of work‐family conflict (WFC) and an impaired quality of the relationship (reduced social support and increased social undermining towards the partner).

Methods

The participants of this study were 99 couples of dual‐earner parents in Japan.

Results

Consistent with hypotheses, men's job demands (i.e. overload and emotional demands) were positively related to their own reports of WFC, and indirectly to women's ratings of men's WFC. Consequently, women's ratings of men's WFC were negatively related to the quality of the relationship (i.e. decreased social support from and increased social undermining by men), which, in turn, led to women's ill‐health (i.e. depressive symptoms and physical complaints). We found similar findings for the model starting with women's job demands; gender did not affect the strength of the relationships in the model.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that high job demands initiate a process of work‐family conflict and poor relationship quality, which may eventually affect the intimate partner's well‐being in an unfavorable way.
Oral Carcinogenicity and Toxicity of 2‐Amino‐4‐chlorophenol in Rats
Authors: Yamazaki Kazunori , Suzuki Masaaki , Kano Hirokazu , Umeda Yumi , Matsumoto Michiharu , Asakura Masumi , Nagano Kasuke , Arito Heihachiro , Fukushima Shoji
Published: June 2009

Oral Carcinogenicity and Toxicity of 2‐Amino‐4‐chlorophenol in Rats: Kazunori Yamazaki, et al. Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association

Objectives

This study was carried out to clarify the subchronic and chronic toxicity, and carcinogenicity of 2‐amino‐4‐chlorophenol(ACP).

Methods

Carcinogenicity, and chronic and subchronic toxicity of ACP were examined by feeding 10 rats of both sexes ACP‐containing diet at a dose level of 0 (control), 512, 1,280, 3,200, 8,000 or 20,000 ppm (w/w) for 13 wk and 50 rats of both sexes at a dose level of 0, 1,280, 3,200 or 8,000 ppm for 2 yr.

Results

The 13‐wk oral subchronic toxicity of ACP was characterized by proliferative lesions leading to development of tumors in the forestomach and urinary bladder and by erythrocyte toxicity as evidenced by decreases in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit and concurrent increases in methemoglobin levels and reticulocyte counts. Both simple and papillary and/or nodular types of transitional cell hyperplasias were observed in the urinary bladder of ACP‐fed male rats. The proliferative lesions appeared at higher doses of ACP after the 13‐wk administration than clear erythrocyte toxicity did. The 2‐yr oral administration of ACP significantly increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas in the forestomach of male and female rats and transitional cell carcinomas in the urinary bladder of male rats. These tumor incidences increased dose‐dependently. Notably, clear signs of erythrocyte toxicity were not evident after the 2‐yr administration of ACP.

Conclusion

Clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of ACP was shown in male and female rats. These data might be useful for the health risk assessment of workers exposed to ACP.
Limitations on Work and Attendance Rates after Employees with Cancer Returned to Work at a Single Manufacturing Company in Japan
Authors: Ohguri Takayuki , Narai Rie , Funahashi Atsushi , Nishiura Chihiro , Yamashita Tsuyoshi , Yarita Keiichiro , Korogi Yukunori
Published: June 2009

Limitations on Work and Attendance Rates after Employees with Cancer Returned to Work at a Single Manufacturing Company in Japan: Takayuki Ohguri, et al. Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the work limitations and attendance rates after employees diagnosed with cancer returned to work from sick leave, and to identify the related factors for the limitations and attendance rates at a single manufacturing company in Japan.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed 129 men and 4 women, employed in a single manufacturing industry, who returned to work after sick leave due to newly diagnosis of cancer. Limitations on work after the return to work were enforced in the workplace based on an industrial physician's evaluation. All the employees who needed measures for work were examined by the industrial physicians every 1–6 months until the termination of such work limitations.

Results

Limitations on work after the return to work were enforced for 79 (59%) employees (36 employees with alteration of work, 31 with prohibition of shift work and 55 with prohibition of overtime work). A higher degree of work limitations was significantly correlated with work‐related factors before sick leave (i.e. shift work, production line) as well as disease/treatment‐related factors (i.e. chemotherapy, recurrence/metastasis), while the attendance rates after the return to work were not correlated with adverse work‐related factors before sick leave.

Conclusion

The enforcement of work limitations for employees with cancer was relatively common and was based on both disease/treatment‐and work‐related factors, and this phenomenon may play an important role in the return to work as well as the successful continuation of work after cancer survivors return to work.
Physician Job Satisfaction and Working Conditions in Japan
Authors: Wada Koji , Arimatsu Mayuri , Higashi Toshiaki , Yoshikawa Toru , Oda Susumu , Taniguchi Hatsumi , Kawashima Masatoshi , Aizawa Yoshiharu
Published: June 2009

Physician Job Satisfaction and Working Conditions in Japan: Koji Wada, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine factors of working conditions associated with job satisfaction among physicians in Japan.

Methods

We sent a questionnaire to all the physicians who graduated from a medical school in Japan. Physicians who were satisfied with their job were determined as those who selected “very satisfied” and “satisfied” in response to the question: “Overall, are you satisfied with your job?” Working conditions were determined from 10 different aspects: income fairness, hospital resources, career satisfaction, difficulty in patient care, lack of personal time, administrative work, workload, and relationships with physician colleagues, staff and patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between working conditions and job satisfaction.

Results

Among the respondents, 209 (55.4%) men and 62 (61.4%) women were determined to be satisfied with their job. Job satisfaction was associated with income fairness for both men (corrected odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.47) and women (1.35, 1.05 to 1.53). For men, job satisfaction was associated with good hospital resources (1.45, 1.29 to 1.57), high career satisfaction (1.41, 1.23 to 1.57), good relationships with physician colleagues (1.33, 1.12 to 1.49), and good relationships with hospital staff (1.28, 1.07 to 1.45). For women, job satisfaction was associated with good relationships with patients (1.41, 1.07 to 1.56).

Conclusions

Certain working conditions were important factors for job satisfaction among physicians. These factors should be discussed for improving working conditions.
Symptom Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Effects of Prior Acute Injury among Aging Male Steelworkers
Authors: Choi Won‐Jun , Kang Young‐Joong , Kim Ji‐Young , Han Sang‐Hwan
Published: June 2009

Symptom Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Effects of Prior Acute Injury among Aging Male Steelworkers: Won‐Jun Choi, et al. Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Korea

Objectives

The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and related factors were investigated by a structured questionnaire among male steel workers at a large steel company in Korea including a number of aged employees and workers with prior acute injuries.

Methods

Of an eligible 2,093 workers, 1,836 responded to the survey. Among 39 job groups, 8 major job groups (1,068 subjects) were selected to evaluate the potential risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms.

Results

The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 19.1% for the upper extremities, 7.6% for the back, and 7.7% for the lower extremities. Regardless of body part, the prevalence was 25.5%. In logistic regression analysis, among workers of 8 major job groups, those who experienced prior acute injuries were more likely to have musculoskeletal symptoms in the same region as that of the injury (for the upper extremities, odds ratio [OR] 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51–3.16; for the back, OR 7.35, 95% CI 4.01–13.48; for the lower extremities, OR 4.20, 95% CI 2.33–7.57), after adjusting for age, duration of employment, and job contents.

Conclusions

The effect of job contents differed according to the presence of prior acute injury. Among workers with prior injuries, the relationship between job contents and musculoskeletal symptoms was not statistically significant in general. Among workers with no prior injuries, job contents was a significant variable for the musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper extremities and back, after adjusting for age and duration of employment. These findings suggest that prior acute injuries are a potential risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders in the workforce. More detailed and specific strategies for managing musculoskeletal disorders including prevention of musculoskeletal injuries is needed.
Regulation and action of fibroblast growth factor 17 in bovine follicles
Authors: Machado M F , Portela V M , Price C A , Costa I B , Ripamonte P , Amorim R L , Buratini J
Published: June 2009

Fibroblast growth factor 17 (FGF17) is a member of the FGF8 subfamily that appears to be relevant to folliculogenesis and oogenesis, as the prototype member FGF8 is an oocyte-derived protein that signals to cumulus cells. FGF8 has structural and receptor-binding similarities to FGF17, whose expression in the ovary has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrate localization of FGF17 protein to the oocyte of preantral follicles, and to the oocyte and granulosa cells of antral follicles. Real-time PCR demonstrated the presence of mRNA in oocytes and, to a lesser extent, in granulosa and theca cells. FGF17 mRNA abundance was low in granulosa and theca cells from healthy follicles and increased significantly in atretic follicles. Addition of FSH or IGF-I to granulosa cells in vitro decreased FGF17 mRNA abundance, and treatment with FGF17 inhibited estradiol and progesterone secretion from granulosa cells in relation to control cultures without these additives. We conclude that FGF17 is a potential mediator of granulosa cell differentiation.
Feto-Placental Atherosclerotic Lesions in Intrauterine Fetal Demise: Role of Parental Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Mecchia D , Lavezzi A.M , Mauri M , Matturri L
Published: June 2009

The atherogenic effect of cigarette smoking is already recognizable in coronary arteries of fetuses in the last gestational weeks. In this study we analyzed the atherogenic effect of mother’s and father’s smoking habit on coronary arteries and even on adnexa of 30 human fresh fetuses died from 32 to 41 gestational weeks. In 12 cases only the mothers of the victims were cigarette smokers, in 7 cases only the fathers were smokers, whereas in 11 cases nobody smoked.

We observed pre-atherosclerotic and initial atherosclerotic lesions of the adnexa in 21 cases, of which 11 cases had only mother smokers and 6 cases only father smokers. The atherogenic effect is statistically significant in both smoker groups, but stronger in maternal one. The atherosclerotic lesions found in umbilical and placental arteries are similar to those described in fetal coronary arteries: thickening of the arterial walls caused by proliferation and migration of the smooth muscle cells of the tunica media with loss of polarity and infiltration of the subendothelial connective tissue.
Environmental Assessment at the Bakhuis Bauxite Concession: Small- Sized Mammal Diversity and Abundance in the Lowland Humid Forests of Suriname
Authors: K. Lim Burton
Published: June 2009

A small mammal survey was conducted in the Bakhuis Mountains of western Suriname in South America as
part of a larger environmental and social impact assessment for a proposed bauxite mining concession. The objectives
were to establish a baseline study of species diversity and relative abundance for comparison of seasonality, areas, and
habitats to facilitate the identification and monitoring of potential impacts of mining to the environment. There were 83
species of small mammals documented comprising 68 species of bats, 8 species of rats and mice, and 7 species of
opossums. The most abundant bat was the Seba’s short-tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata Linnaeus, which was recorded at
all six study sites. The most abundant non-volant small mammal was the Guianan spiny rat, Proechimys guyannensis E.
Geoffroy. Noteworthy discoveries during the survey include the documentation of four species of bats new to the fauna of
Suriname (Cyttarops alecto Thomas, smoky sheath-tailed bat; Saccopteryx gymnura Thomas; least two-lined sac-winged
bat; Diaemus youngi Jentink; bird-feeding vampire bat; and Lasiurus egregius Peters, greater red bat). There were no
obvious differences between the dry and wet season samplings that were attributable directly to climatic conditions. In
terms of spatial variation, the relative abundance of bats among the five study sites within the concession area was similar
to each other, but significantly different from a sixth study site at a nearby ecotourism operation, which had large numbers
of three species (C. perspicillata; Molossus molossus, common free-tailed bat; and Sturnira lilium, little yellowshouldered
bat) that are better adapted to human modified surroundings. This suggests that the recent mining explorations
in Bakhuis have had a relatively minor impact on bats and that the otherwise pristine forests within the concession can
tolerate low levels of disturbance in proportionally small areas over a short duration. For specific habitats, the xeric forest
on plateaus had a reduced subset of species of small mammals that were found in the mesic forest of the surrounding
lowland regions, which was acting as a species reservoir for upland areas. Small mammals, in particular bats as primary
seed dispersers and flower pollinators, are important components of the ecosystem for the successful reforestation of
natural habitats, and factors related to community structure are good indicators of the health of the environment.
In Vitro Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis Adhesion on Various Endodontic Medicaments
Authors: Denotti Gloria , Piga Rosaria , Montaldo Caterina , Erriu Matteo , Pilia Francesca , Piras Alessandra , Luca Massimo De , Orrù Germano
Published: June 2009

E. faecalisin endodontic infection represents a biofilm type of disease, which explains the bacteria’s resistance to various antimicrobial compounds and the subsequent failure after endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare antimicrobial activities and bacteria kinetic adhesionin vitrofor three endodontic medicaments with a clinical isolate ofE. faecalis. We devised a shake culture which contained the following intracanalar preparations: CPD, Endoidrox (EIX), PulpCanalSealer (PCS); these were immersed in a liquid culture medium inoculated with the microorganism. The shake system velocity was able to prevent non-specific bacteria adhesion and simulated the salivary flow. Specimens were collected daily (from both the medium and medicaments) for 10 days; the viable cells were counted by plate count, while the adhesion index AI° [E. faecalisfg DNA] /mm2was evaluated in the pastes after DNA extraction, by quantitative real time PCR for the 16S rRNA gene. A partial growth inhibition, during the first 24 hours, was observed in the liquid medium and on the medicaments for EIX and subsequently for CPD (six logs). EIX showed the lowest adhesion coefficient (5*102[fg DNA]/mm2) for nine days and was similar to the control. PCS showed no antimicrobial/antibiofilm properties. This showed that “calcium oxide” base compounds could be active against biofilm progression and at least in the short term (2-4 days) onE. faecaliscells growing in planktonic cultures.
Acid Resistance of the Enamel in Primary Second Molars from Children with Down Syndrome and Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Keinan David , Radko Anna , Smith Patricia , Zilberman Uri
Published: June 2009

Objectives:

This study was carried out to evaluate the extent of differences in mineralization of inner and outer enamel of the lower primary second molars of children with Down syndrome (DS) and Cerebral Palsy (CP) as revealed by acid treatment of exfoliated teeth. The results were compared to those obtained from a control group of healthy children.

Methods:

The sample included 4 mandibular second molars from each group. On each tooth, a thin section was cut, bisecting the mesial cusps. The analysis was carried out on the mesio-buccal cusps. Atomic force microscopy (AMF) was used to analyze the morphological structure of the dental enamel after 10 sec of 0.1 mol% citric acid treatment. The measurements were performed on 3 points in the enamel close to the outer surface and 3 points in the enamel close to the dentin. The differences between groups were analyzed using Mann Whitney tests.

Results:

In controls and CP teeth the outer enamel was more resistant to etching than the inner enamel. In DS teeth both outer and inner enamel showed similar results for all parameters. Between group comparisons showed that roughness values were significantly higher (P<0.01) in DS teeth than in either controls or CP teeth. No significant differences were found between CP and control teeth.

Conclusions:

The higher values obtained for DS enamel reflect increased solubility of the enamel to acid relative to controls and CP teeth together with irregularity of the organic matrix. The practical importance of the results is that DS primary molars needs reduced etching time when prepared for pit and fissure sealants or composite/compomer restorations.
An Ultrasound Assisted Anchoring Technique (BoneWelding® Technology) for Fixation of Implants to Bone – A Histological Pilot Study in Sheep
Authors: Langhoff Jens D , Kuemmerle Jan M , Mayer Joerg , Weber Urs , Berra Milica , Mueller Jessika M , Kaestner Sabine B , Zlinszky Katalin , Auer Joerg A , Rechenberg Brigitte von
Published: June 2009

The BoneWelding® Technology offers new opportunities to anchor implants within bone. The technology melted the surface of biodegradable polymer pins by means of ultrasound energy to mould material into the structures of the predrilled bone. Temperature changes were measured at the sites of implantation in an in vitro experiment. In the in vivo part of the study two types of implants were implanted in the limb of sheep to investigate the biocompatibility of the method. One implant type was made of PL-DL-lactide (PLA), the second one was a titanium core partially covered with PLA. Healing period was 2 and 6 months, with 3 sheep per group. Bone samples were evaluated radiologically, histologically and histomorphometrically for bone remodeling and inflammatory reactions. Results demonstrated mild and short temperature increase during insertion. New bone formed at the implant without evidence of inflammatory reaction. The amount of adjacent bone was increased compared to normal cancellous bone. It was concluded that the BoneWelding® Technology proved to be a biocompatible technology to anchor biodegradable as well as titanium-PLA implants in bone.
Efficiency enhancement in a microcavity solid-state dye laser with Bragg grating reflectors
Authors: Popov Sergei , Zhang Rui , Sergeyev Sergey , Friberg Ari
Published: June 2009

Bragg grating reflectors placed along microcavity facets can improve the efficiency of a polymer dye laser built with such a microcavity. The impact of different reflector designs on the mode pattern and resonance frequencies of the microcavity is numerically simulated and analyzed. This rigorous physical model is based on solving the Maxwell equations and includes such material properties as absorption, dispersion, fluorescence and optical gain. In certain cases, an asymmetrical layout of the reflectors can be more preferable than the pair of reflectors located on opposite sides of the microcavity as it is implemented for typical design.
Determination of optical parameters of pulp suspensions by time-resolved detection of photoacoustic signals and total diffuse reflectance measurements
Authors: Zhao Zuomin , Törmänen Matti , Myllylä Risto
Published: June 2009

Time-resolved photoacoustics were used to measure the optical parameters of pulp suspensions for the first time. Reconstructing stress distribution along the direction of the incident laser light allows the effective attenuation coefficient of these suspensions to be determined. Simultaneously, the total diffuse reflectance of the suspensions was measured by the same laser source. Based on the effective attenuation coefficient and total diffuse reflectance, the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of pulp suspensions can be calculated. In this study, three kinds of pulp suspensions with different kappa number (2, 13, and 16), a measure of lignin content in pulp fibers, were diluted with water to make samples with a consistency range from 1% to 5%, and studied at 355 nm wavelength. The results showed that the optical coefficients were approximately proportional to pulp consistency; on the other hand, the absorption coefficient was linearly correlated with kappa number, but the reduced scattering coefficient was not. Therefore, by determining its optical parameters, it is possible to extract the consistency and kappa number of an unknown pulp suspension.
Acoustically driven charge separation in semiconductor heterostructures sensed by optical spectroscopy techniques
Authors: Kuryliuk Vasyl , Podolian Artem , Korotchenkov Oleg
Published: June 2009

We demonstrate a method of using a two-layer sandwich structure, which includes a LiNbO3 plate and a semiconductor heterostructure to create an inhomogeneous stress and piezoelectric harmonic potential in the semiconductor. Both the GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well (QW) structures and SiGe/Si heterostructures are attempted, working with and without using a piezoelectric field in the semiconductor layer. The standing-wave fields generated in the semiconductor and the electron and hole distributions driven by the piezoelectric field are computed by finite element method (FEM) techniques. It is experimentally shown that, in a GaAs/AlxGa1-x
As asymmetric double quantum well structure, the resonance enhancement of the narrower QW photoluminescence band is observed, which may be explained by the resonant charge transfer between the wider and narrower QWs. It is also shown that the piezoelectric fields quench the pure LO-phonon lines in the Raman spectra, whereas the coupled LO-phonon-plasmon mode strengthens. Experimental results indicate that the charge separation occurs in the plane of the QWs due to the piezoelectric fields. The recombination of carriers in the SiGe/Si heterostructures can be effectively enhanced by the presence of ultrasonic stress, displaying features consistent with varying electrical activity at dislocations.
Variation in Dehydration Tolerance, ABA Sensitivity and Related Gene Expression Patterns in D-Genome Progenitor and Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Lines
Authors: Kurahashi Yumeto , Terashima Akihiro , Takumi Shigeo
Published: June 2009

The wild wheat Aegilops tauschii Coss. has extensive natural variation available for breeding of common wheat. Drought stress tolerance is closely related to abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity. In this study, 17 synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, produced by crossing the tetraploid wheat cultivar Langdon with 17 accessions of Ae. tauschii, were used for comparative analysis of natural variation in drought tolerance and ABA sensitivity. Ae. tauschii showed wide natural variation, with weak association between the traits. Drought-sensitive accessions of Ae. tauschii exhibited significantly less ABA sensitivity. D-genome variations observed at the diploid genome level were not necessarily reflected in synthetic wheats. However, synthetic wheats derived from the parental Ae. tauschii accessions with high drought tolerance were significantly more tolerant to drought stress than those from drought-sensitive accessions. Moreover, synthetic wheats with high drought tolerance showed significantly higher ABA sensitivity than drought-sensitive synthetic lines. In the hexaploid genetic background, therefore, weak association of ABA sensitivity with drought tolerance wasobserved. To study differences in gene expression patterns between stress-tolerant and -sensitive lines, levels of two Cor/Lea and three transcription factor gene transcripts were compared. The more tolerant accession of Ae. tauschii tended to accumulate more abundant transcripts of the examined genes than the sensitive accession under stress conditions. The expression patterns in the synthetic wheats seemed to be additive for parental lines exposed to drought and ABA treatments. However, the transcript levels of transcription factor genes in the synthetic wheats did not necessarily correspond to the postulated levels based on expression in parental lines. Allopolyploidization altered the expression levels of the stress-responsive genes in synthetic wheats.
Medium Access Control for Opportunistic Concurrent Transmissions under Shadowing Channels
Authors: Son In Keun , Mao Shiwen , Hur Seung Min
Published: June 2009

We study the problem of how to alleviate the exposed terminal effect in multihop wireless networks in the presence of log-normal shadowing channels. Assuming node location information, we propose an extension of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol that schedules concurrent transmissions in the presence of log-normal shadowing, thus mitigating the exposed terminal problem and improving network throughput and delay performance. We observe considerable improvements in throughput and delay achieved over the IEEE 802.11 MAC under various network topologies and channel conditions in ns-2 simulations, which justify the importance of considering channel randomness in MAC protocol design for multihop wireless networks.
Le drame de Creusot-Loire : échec industriel ou fiasco politico-financier ?
Authors: Beaud Claude
Published: June 2009

Résumé Creusot-Loire subit de plein fouet, de 1976 à 1979, une première crise, celle de la sidérurgie. Elle est la seule société à ne pas avoir obtenu l’aide du « plan sidérurgie » de 1978. Cependant, grâce aux efforts de redressement, l’entreprise renoue en 1981 avec de modestes bénéfices. Mais cette éclaircie est sans lendemain : en 1982 et 1983, Creusot-Loire est victime d’un effondrement financier brutal, en contradiction avec le maintien de sa compétitivité internationale. L’accumulation des pertes de plus de 2 milliards en deux ans apparaît comme un suicide ou un assassinat. Le salut ne peut venir que de l’État. Le 28 juin 1984, le refus du gouvernement d’apporter son aide conduit à la mise en règlement judiciaire puis à une liquidation qui s’annonçait désastreuse. L’étude ultérieure de cette liquidation peut nous réserver quelques surprises.
Le dépérissement de l'usine de Graffenstaden
Authors: Jeanvoine Luc
Published: June 2009

Résumé En 1960, l’usine de constructions mécaniques de Graffenstaden à 8 kilomètres au sud de Strasbourg était un des plus grands établissements de constructions mécaniques d’Europe. Son organisation industrielle semblait immuable depuis sa fondation en 1838 puisqu’elle fabriquait tout bien d’équipement métallique : locomotives à vapeur, crics, vérins, machines-outils, machineries d’écluse et engrenages. Après une chute de l’emploi dramatique surtout dans les années 1960, une réorientation momentanée vers la fourniture de machines-outils pour l’industrie automobile dans la décennie 1970-1980 principalement, l’usine a perdu les quatre cinquièmes de ses effectifs et se résume depuis le milieu des années 1980 à deux PME issues des anciennes activités : les centres de fraisage (descendant de l’activité machine-outil) et la fabrication d’engrenages. Le présent article tente de décrire les modalités de cette implosion, afin de contribuer à un débat sur la désindustrialisation en France dans le dernier quart du XX e siècle.
Concentration de l'industrie automobile américaine et échec de l'entrée de Kaiser-Frazer (1946-1955) : leçons managériales
Authors: Bounfour Ahmed
Published: June 2009

Résumé La tentative de Kaiser-Frazer pour s’introduire sur le marché de l’automobile a bénéficié de l’écart entre une demande non satisfaite accumulée durant la guerre et une offre encore insuffisante. Mais, à partir de 1949, sa position commerciale s’est détériorée. On peut proposer à cela plusieurs explications. D’abord, elle s’est heurtée à la structure oligopolistique qui prévalait aux États-Unis depuis les années trente au profit des trois leaders GM, Ford et Chrysler. Surtout, elle a commis des erreurs de stratégie : réseau de distribution insuffisant, incapacité à lancer de nouveaux produits au moment opportun et mode d’organisation industrielle insuffisamment orienté vers la baisse des coûts.
Cinquante ans après...
Authors: de M’Uzan Michel
Published: June 2009

Résumé Le commentaire présenté concerne deux observations figurant dans L’Investigation psychosomatique , dont Michel de M’Uzan est co-auteur, avec Pierre Marty et Christian David. Le phénomène de la « pensée opératoire », dont l’observation clinique est partagée par les auteurs, est l’objet d’interprétations, sinon différentes, du moins complémentaires : plus phénoménologique chez P. Marty, plus méta-psychologique dans cet article. La notion d’« effondrement traumatique » est discutée : conséquence d’un pur facteur quantitatif, ou d’un échec de la « pensée opératoire ».
La prudence du démineur
Authors: Asséo Robert
Published: June 2009

Résumé La difficulté identificatoire de Gilbert C. pose, en série, les questions de l’altérité/identité, du transfert/contre-transfert, du trauma et de la répercussion du fonctionnement opératoire sur l’ensemble de l’économie psychosomatique. L’intervention d’un surmoi précoce vient compliquer les éléments de la figuration clinique, complication renforcée par l’absence de travail de deuil concernant la mort du père de Gilbert C.
La disponibilité tranquille de l'investigateur
Authors: Debray Rosine
Published: June 2009

Résumé L’investigation psychosomatique est replacée dans son contexte historique, elle est suivie par une appréciation diagnostique concernant Gilbert C. puis par des réflexions sur la pratique de l’investigation psychosomatique aujourd’hui, notamment avec la transmission vidéo.
Accompagner l'associativité
Authors: Ody Michel , Papageorgiou Marina
Published: June 2009

Résumé L’auteur développe la spécificité de L’Investigation psychosomatique, en tant que coupure épistémologique, en rapport à l’associativité du couple analytique. Le fonctionnement mental des patients somatisants et leurs difficultés à associer librement conduisent l’analyste à assurer un accompagnement à l’associativité, ce qui rapproche la méthode en psychosomatique de la consultation avec l’enfant et ses parents. Les commentaires du cas Gilbert mettent en articulation la crise somatique avec le manque représentationnel et le déni des affects ainsi qu’avec les failles de l’identification au surmoi paternel et de la tiercéité.
Le sophiste Dion de Pruse, le bon roi et l'empereur
Authors: Gangloff Anne
Published: June 2009

RÉSUMÉ Cet article porte sur la réflexion politique grecque au sujet du principat et sur les relations entre le sophiste Dion de Pruse (40-50 après J.-C. - après 110 ?) et le pouvoir impérial. Il propose une analyse des discours de Dion qui concernent les modèles de royauté : les quatre discours Sur la royauté ( Or., I à IV), l’ Agamemnon ( Or., LVI), le discours Sur la royauté et la tyrannie ( Or., LXII). La première partie examine les circonstances de rédaction ou de prononciation des discours, afin de distinguer différentes étapes dans la pensée politique du sophiste et dans son jugement sur la figure de l’empereur. La deuxième partie étudie les deux images du " bon " roi : le roi imparfait, soumis à reddition de compte ; l’ Optimus Princeps . Cette seconde image, beaucoup plus développée, est définie à la fois par un ensemble de vertus et par l’imitation du roi des dieux. La troisième partie analyse les objectifs de Dion, compare sa réflexion avec celles des intellectuels romains du I er et du II e  siècle, dégage sa position complexe à l’égard du principat et de la figure de Trajan.
Le débat sur Rome capitale (1861-1871) : choix de localisation et achèvement de la construction nationale italienne
Authors: Djament-Tran Géraldine
Published: June 2009

RÉSUMÉ Cet article aborde le débat sur Rome capitale (1861-1871) dans la perspective d’une étude territoriale de la construction nationale italienne. Le choix de localisation de la capitale est interprété en s’inspirant des thèses de D. Mack Smith comme la reprise cavourienne du choix spatial du Risorgimento démocratique vidé de son contenu politique et comme facteur de la victoire du Risorgimento monarchique. Le débat parlementaire et d’opinion est également analysé comme un révélateur des représentations du territoire italien au moment de l’unification. La conception d’une Italie polycentrique, terre d’histoire traversée par la question méridionale, conduit au choix de Rome comme capitale historique, capitale charnière et capitale neutre. Cette logique de désignation constitue un élément d’explication des difficultés que connaît la " Ville Éternelle " après 1871.
Pleural Effusions: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Cordes Mary Ellen
Published: June 2009

This column describes the etiology, diagnosis, and management of pleural effusions.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(6):248–249.
Use of Portable Simulation Manikins to Increase the Frequency of Mock Code Training on Four Inpatient Surgical Units
Authors: Carroll Lee , Pignataro Shelly
Published: June 2009

Educators within Children's Hospital Boston created a mock code facilitation curriculum and expectations for nurses to become Surgical Programs' mock code facilitators. Since implementation, the number of mock codes and the number of mock code participants have tripled.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(6):250–251.
Evaluation of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) Training Program on Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Bergquist-Beringer Sandra , Davidson Jan , Agosto Carolyn , Linde Norma K. , Abel Marla , Spurling Kara , Dunton Nancy , Christopher Angela
Published: June 2009

The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) Pressure Ulcer Training Program was developed to improve nursing accuracy and reliability in identifying and staging pressure ulcers and differentiating hospital- and unit-acquired from community-acquired pressure ulcers. Of 5,200 individuals who completed the training program within 5 months of release, 937 provided written evaluation comments. Four major themes emerged from content analysis of the evaluation remarks: pressure ulcer and other wound pictures; accuracy and clarity of content; program design and technology; and the educational/informational experience. Reviewers most frequently commented on their positive learning experience. Program components that enhanced the educational experience included the array of pressure ulcer pictures at each stage and pictures of other wounds. Clarity of content, program design, and technological problems were barriers to reviewer satisfaction. Findings suggest the NDNQI Pressure Ulcer Training Program was effective for educating staff nurses on pressure ulcer identification and staging.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(6):252–258.
Reflecting, Refueling, and Reframing: A 10-Year Retrospective Model for Faculty Development and Its Implications for Nursing Scholarship
Authors: Alteen Anna Marie , Didham Paula , Stratton Cathy
Published: June 2009

In this article, the authors retrace their journey during the past 10 years as faculty members engaged in the implementation of a new bachelor of nursing (collaborative) program. They outline the major personal challenges related to increasing credentials and portfolio development for teachers within a university environment. The authors extrapolate from the relevant literature on teaching and scholarship, and thereby analyze the methodologies that enhanced the faculty development process for them during this time. Specifically, they discuss the methods that facilitated meaningful reflection on their new roles and responsibilities; nurtured their professional growth and afforded opportunities for refueling and reenergizing along the way; and provided a vision for reframing their practice as nurse educators in light of previous experiences. With reference to Boyer's model of scholarship, the authors also explore possible implications for further analysis of the faculty development process within the broader context of nursing scholarship.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(6):267–272.
Engaging Learners Across Generations: The Progressive Professional Development Model
Authors: Notarianni Mary Ann , Curry-Lourenco Kimberly , Barham Phyllis , Palmer Kay
Published: June 2009

The Progressive Professional Development Model (PPDM) is a framework to guide educators in planning learning experiences that promote development in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. The model marries the use of standardized patients and virtual and simulated practice environments with traditional clinical practice and offers the opportunity to address learning styles of a multigenerational work force. Proposed is the application of technology in designing both instructional and evaluative experiences for new nurse orientation and continuing education. Outcome measures include learning of increasingly complex knowledge, values, skills, and demonstration of competency-based behaviors. Examples of application are provided, including a discussion of considerations for operationalizing the model in the health care setting.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(6):261–266.
Designing Health Care Environments: Part I. Basic Concepts, Principles, and Issues Related to Evidence-Based Design
Authors: Cesario Sandra K.
Published: June 2009

A 2001 Institute of Medicine report captured the nation's attention regarding the dangers that can result from the health care environment. This report, fueled by the need for new facilities to be constructed, led to an explosion of research that now links the physical structure and design of health care facilities to the health and well-being of patients, nurses, other health care workers, and visitors. Continuing nursing education that highlights the importance of evidence-based design has been associated with measurable improvement in health care facilities' clinical outcomes, economic performance, employee productivity, customer satisfaction, and cultural congruency. Three major categories of outcomes can be impacted by evidence-based design: stress reduction, safety, and overall health care quality and ecology. In this article, Part I of a two-part series, the basic concepts, principles, and issues related to evidence-based design are introduced. Part II will describe continuing education programs available for nurses.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(6):280–288.