bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced brain UCP2 expression mediated by microRNA-503 contributes to increased stroke susceptibility in the high-salt fed stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Rubattu Speranza , Stanzione Rosita , Bianchi Franca , Cotugno Maria , Forte Maurizio , Della Ragione Floriana , Fioriniello Salvatore , D'Esposito Maurizio , Marchitti Simona , Madonna Michele , Baima Simona , Morelli Giorgio , Sciarretta Sebastiano , Sironi Luigi , Gelosa Paolo , Volpe Massimo
Published: June 2017

UCP2 maps nearby the lod score peak of STR1-stroke QTL in the SHRSP rat strain. We explored the potential contribution of UCP2 to the high-salt diet (JD)-dependent increased stroke susceptibility of SHRSP. Male SHRSP, SHRSR, two reciprocal SHRSR/SHRSP-STR1/QTL stroke congenic lines received JD for 4 weeks to detect brain UCP2 gene/protein modulation as compared with regular diet (RD). Brains were also analyzed for NF-κB protein expression, oxidative stress level and UCP2-targeted microRNAs expression level. Next, based on knowledge that fenofibrate and Brassica Oleracea (BO) stimulate UCP2 expression through PPARα activation, we monitored stroke occurrence in SHRSP receiving JD plus fenofibrate versus vehicle, JD plus BO juice versus BO juice plus PPARα inhibitor. Brain UCP2 expression was markedly reduced by JD in SHRSP and in the (SHRsr.SHRsp-(D1Rat134-Mt1pa)) congenic line, whereas NF-κB expression and oxidative stress level increased. The opposite phenomenon was observed in the SHRSR and in the (SHRsp.SHRsr-(D1Rat134-Mt1pa)) reciprocal congenic line. Interestingly, the UCP2-targeted rno-microRNA-503 was significantly upregulated in SHRSP and decreased in SHRSR upon JD, with consistent changes in the two reciprocal congenic lines. Both fenofibrate and BO significantly decreased brain microRNA-503 level, upregulated UCP2 expression and protected SHRSP from stroke occurrence. In vitro overexpression of microRNA-503 in endothelial cells suppressed UCP2 expression and led to a significant increase of cell mortality with decreased cell viability. Brain UCP2 downregulation is a determinant of increased stroke predisposition in high-salt-fed SHRSP. In this context, UCP2 can be modulated by both pharmacological and nutraceutical agents. The microRNA-503 significantly contributes to mediate brain UCP2 downregulation in JD-fed SHRSP.
Linoleic acid participates in the response to ischemic brain injury through oxidized metabolites that regulate neurotransmission
Authors: Hennebelle Marie , Zhang Zhichao , Metherel Adam H. , Kitson Alex P. , Otoki Yurika , Richardson Christine E. , Yang Jun , Lee Kin Sing Stephen , Hammock Bruce D. , Zhang Liang , Bazinet Richard P. , Taha Ameer Y.
Published: June 2017

Linoleic acid (LA; 18:2 n-6), the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the US diet, is a precursor to oxidized metabolites that have unknown roles in the brain. Here, we show that oxidized LA-derived metabolites accumulate in several rat brain regions during CO2-induced ischemia and that LA-derived 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, but not LA, increase somatic paired-pulse facilitation in rat hippocampus by 80%, suggesting bioactivity. This study provides new evidence that LA participates in the response to ischemia-induced brain injury through oxidized metabolites that regulate neurotransmission. Targeting this pathway may be therapeutically relevant for ischemia-related conditions such as stroke.
Photocatalytic hollow TiO2 and ZnO nanospheres prepared by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Justh Nóra , Bakos László Péter , Hernádi Klára , Kiss Gabriella , Réti Balázs , Erdélyi Zoltán , Parditka Bence , Szilágyi Imre Miklós
Published: June 2017

Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and coated with TiO2 and ZnO nanofilms by atomic layer deposition. Subsequently, through burning out the carbon core templates hollow metal oxide nanospheres were obtained. The substrates, the carbon-metal oxide composites and the hollow nanospheres were characterized with TG/DTA-MS, FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM-SAED and their photocatalytic activity was also investigated. The results indicate that CNSs are not beneficial for photocatalysis, but the crystalline hollow metal oxide nanospheres have considerable photocatalytic activity.
Potent in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of a small molecule host defense peptide mimic through a membrane-active mechanism
Authors: Menzel Lorenzo P. , Chowdhury Hossain Mobaswar , Masso-Silva Jorge Adrian , Ruddick William , Falkovsky Klaudia , Vorona Rafael , Malsbary Andrew , Cherabuddi Kartikeya , Ryan Lisa K. , DiFranco Kristina M. , Brice David C. , Costanzo Michael J. , Weaver Damian , Freeman Katie B. , Scott Richard W. , Diamond Gill
Published: June 2017

Lethal systemic fungal infections of Candida species are increasingly common, especially in immune compromised patients. By in vitro screening of small molecule mimics of naturally occurring host defense peptides (HDP), we have identified several active antifungal molecules, which also exhibited potent activity in two mouse models of oral candidiasis. Here we show that one such compound, C4, exhibits a mechanism of action that is similar to the parent HDP upon which it was designed. Specifically, its initial interaction with the anionic microbial membrane is electrostatic, as its fungicidal activity is inhibited by cations. We observed rapid membrane permeabilization to propidium iodide and ATP efflux in response to C4. Unlike the antifungal peptide histatin 5, it did not require energy-dependent transport across the membrane. Rapid membrane disruption was observed by both fluorescence and electron microscopy. The compound was highly active in vitro against numerous fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans species, and it exhibited potent, dose-dependent activity in a mouse model of invasive candidiasis, reducing kidney burden by three logs after 24 hours, and preventing mortality for up to 17 days. Together the results support the development of this class of antifungal drug to treat invasive candidiasis.
The dual DPP4 inhibitor and GPR119 agonist HBK001 regulates glycemic control and beta cell function ex and in vivo
Authors: Huan Yi , Jiang Qian , Li Gang , Bai Guoliang , Zhou Tian , Liu Shuainan , Li Caina , Liu Quan , Sun Sujuan , Yang Miaomiao , Guo Nan , Wang Xing , Wang Shusen , Liu Yaojuan , Wang Guanqiao , Huang Haihong , Shen Zhufang
Published: June 2017

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a vital role in glucose homeostasis and sustaining β-cell function. Currently there are two major methods to enhance endogenous GLP-1 activity; inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) or activating G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119). Here we describe and validate a novel dual-target compound, HBK001, which can both inhibit DPP4 and activate GPR119 ex and in vivo. We show that HBK001 can promote glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse and human primary islets. A single administration of HBK001 in ICR mice can increase plasma incretins levels much more efficiently than linagliptin, a classic DPP4 inhibitor. Long-term treatment of HBK001 in KKAy mice can ameliorate hyperglycemia as well as improve glucose tolerance, while linagliptin fails to achieve such glucose-lowing effects despite inhibiting 95% of serum DPP4 activity. Moreover, HBK001 can increase first-phase insulin secretion in KKAy mice, suggesting a direct effect on islet β-cells via GPR119 activation. Furthermore, HBK001 can improve islet morphology, increase β-cell proliferation and up-regulate genes involved in improved β-cell function. Thus, we have identified, designed and synthesized a novel dual-target compound, HBK001, which represents a promising therapeutic candidate for type 2 diabetes, especially for patients who are insensitive to current DPP4 inhibitors.
Spectral proof for the 4-aminophenyl disulfide plasma assisted catalytic reaction
Authors: Xia Lixin , Wu Shiwei , Wang Jing , Ma Caiqing , Song Peng
Published: June 2017

4-Aminophenyl disulfide (APDS) forms on the surface of silver nanoparticles due to chemical adsorption and disulfide bond breakage. This leads to the formation of new silver chemical bonds to result in the new compound NH2-C6H6-S-Ag. This novel material produces enhanced Raman spectra under weak laser light irradiation. When irradiated a plasma-assisted catalytic coupling reaction of NH2-C6H6-S-Ag occurs leading to the formation of 4,4-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB). Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor this reaction process, showing clear spectral changes associated with each step after addition of Ag nanoparticles onto the APDS powder. This method clearly shows the mechanism of the plasma-assisted catalytic reaction and may also be useful for spectral imaging purposes.
Enlargement of the organic solid-state DFB laser wavelength tuning range by the use of two complementary luminescent dyes doped into the host matrix
Authors: Parafiniuk Kacper , Sznitko Lech , Wawrzynczyk Dominika , Miniewicz Andrzej , Mysliwiec Jaroslaw
Published: June 2017

Broad range tunable DFB lasing was achieved by the utilization of two dyes forming molecular aggregates within the polymeric matrix.
Adsorption on graphene: flat to edge to end transitions of phenyl hydroquinone
Authors: Chen Lifu , Tanner Eden E. L. , Compton Richard G.
Published: June 2017

A concentration driven three-stage phase transition of large organic molecules on the graphene surface is revealed.
A DFT study of H-dissolution into the bulk of a crystalline Ni(111) surface: a chemical identifier for the reaction kinetics
Authors: Shirazi Mahdi , Bogaerts Annemie , Neyts Erik C.
Published: June 2017

In this study, we investigated the diffusion of H-atoms to the subsurface and their further diffusion into the bulk of a Ni(111) crystal by means of density functional theory calculations in the context of thermal and plasma-assisted catalysis.
Nanolayered manganese oxides: insights from inorganic electrochemistry
Authors: Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi , Moghaddam Navid Jameei , Hosseini Seyedeh Maedeh , Madadkhani Sepideh , Hołyńska Małgorzata , Mehrabani Somayeh , Bagheri Robabeh , Song Zhenlun
Published: June 2017

The electrochemistry of nanolayered Mn oxides in the presence of LiClO4 at pH = 6.3 under different conditions was studied.
Indirect photodegradation of the lampricides TFM and niclosamide
Authors: McConville Megan B. , Mezyk Stephen P. , Remucal Christina K.
Published: June 2017

This study evaluates the contribution of indirect photolysis to the environmental fate of the lampricides TFM and niclosamide.
Non-fluorinated synthesis of anatase TiO2 with dominant {001} facets: influence of faceted structures on formaldehyde sensitivity
Authors: Majumder Deblina , Roy Somenath
Published: June 2017

The extraordinary surface, electronic and catalytic properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) is better manifested with highly exposed {001} facets. This article illustrates the synthesis of {001} faceted TiO2 nanosheets through a non-fluorinated route and oxidation of formaldehyde on the {001} facets using the synergistic effect of crystal facet, gold nanoparticle and UV irradiation.
One-, two-, and three-dimensional hierarchical self-assembly of non-amphiphilic low-entropy chains from nanotubes to nanoribbons and porous net-sheets
Authors: Liu Rong-Ying , Peng Zi-Fei , Hou Xian-Nian
Published: June 2017

The association of some small molecules such as benzene and phthalimide with non-amphiphilic homopolymeric low-entropy chains such as PVAc, PVA, PVP, and PNIPAM has been realized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer reaction (RAFT) method.
Se reduction by CO/H2O in ionic liquid: acceleration effect by activating water molecules
Authors: Chai Liyuan , Yang Bentao , Yan Xu , Zhu Fangfang , Wang Yutai , Liu Hui , Zhang Cong , Xu Jixin , Men Shuhui
Published: June 2017

The water molecules were activated by ionic liquid.
Platinum-catalyzed syn-stereocontrolled ring-opening of oxabicyclic alkenes with sodium arylsulfinates
Authors: Wu Ruihua , Yang Wen , Chen Wenkun , Yang Dingqiao
Published: June 2017

A new efficient platinum-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of oxabicyclic alkenes with a wide range of sodium arylsulfinates was developed.
Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxypropanal into 1,3-propanediol over bimetallic Ru–Ni catalyst
Authors: Li Li-Jun , Yi Wen-Jun , Liu Tian-Wei , Huang Chen , Chao Zi-Sheng
Published: June 2017

The introduction of Ru onto the Ni/SiO2 catalyst promoted not only the reduction of Ni2+ to Ni0 but also the generation of active hydrogen species and thus increased the 1,3-PDO yield.
Cudrania tricuspidata: an updated review on ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology
Authors: Xin Lan-Ting , Yue Shi-Jun , Fan Ya-Chu , Wu Jing-Shuai , Yan Dan , Guan Hua-Shi , Wang Chang-Yun
Published: June 2017

This review summarized the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology ofCudrania tricuspidata, and the limitations of the studies on this species were also discussed so as to serve as the basis for further research and development of this medicinal plant.
A simple method to control the microstructure and properties of sol–gel silica antireflective coatings
Authors: Sun Yingying , Zheng Jiaxian , Huang Rongchao , Zhang Xinxiang , Chen Cuixia , Jiang Bo , Chen Hanxian , Yan Lianghong , Yang Wenbin
Published: June 2017

To control the microstructure and properties of sol–gel silica antireflective (AR) coatings, a simple PMHS (poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane) surface modification method was applied and investigated.
Head group configuration increases the biocompatibility of cationic lipids for nucleic acid delivery
Authors: Gerile Gerile , Ganbold Tsogzolmaa , Li Yizheng , Baigude Huricha
Published: June 2017

Intracellular delivery of genetic material is a potentially powerful therapeutic approach for the treatment of genetic diseases.
Kyanite-bearing eclogite xenoliths from the Udachnaya kimberlite, Siberian craton, Russia
Authors: Radu Ioana-Bogdana , Moine Bertrand , Ionov Dmitri , Korsakov Andrey , Golovin Alexander , Mikhailenko Denis , Cottin Jean-Yves
Published: June 2017

Xenoliths brought up by kimberlite magmas are rare samples of otherwise inaccessible lithospheric mantle. Eclogite xenoliths are found in most cratons and commonly show a range of mineral and chemical compositions that can be used to better understand craton formation. This study focuses on five new kyanite-bearing eclogites from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe (367±5 Ma). They are fine-to coarse-grained and consist mainly of “cloudy” clinopyroxene (cpx) and garnet (grt). The clinopyroxene is Al,Na-rich omphacite while the garnet is Ca-rich, by contrast to typical bi-mineral (cpx+grt) eclogites that contain Fe- and Mg-rich garnets. The Udachnaya kyanite eclogites are similar in modal and major element composition to those from other cratons (Dharwar, Kaapvaal, Slave, West African). The kyanite eclogites have lower REE concentrations than bi-mineral eclogites and typically contain omphacites with positive Eu and Sr anomalies, i.e. a “ghost plagioclase signature”. Because such a signature can only be preserved in nonmetasomatised samples, we infer that they were present in the protoliths of the eclogites. It follows that subducted oceanic crust is present at the base of the Siberian craton. Similar compositions and textures are also seen in kyanite eclogites from other cratons, which we view as evidence for an Archean, subduction-like formation mechanism related to craton accretion. Thus, contrary to previous work that classifies all kyanite eclogites as type I (IK), metasomatized by carbonatite/kimberlitic fluids, we argue that some of them, both from this work and those from other cratons, belong to the non-metasomatized type II (IIB). The pristine type IIB is the nearest in composition to protoliths of mantle eclogites because it contains no metasomatic enrichments.
Vakuumversiegelungstherapie von Wunden: randomisierte Studien von 2000 bis 2015
Authors: Peinemann Frank
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund Die Vakuumversiegelungstherapie von Wunden (englisch: negative pressure wound therapy, NPWT) soll den Heilungsprozess der Wunde fördern. In randomisierten Studien (englisch: randomized controlled trials, RCT) werden hierzu widersprüchliche Ergebnisse berichtet. Systematische Reviews berichten über eine unklare Evidenz auch aufgrund methodischer Schwächen der RCTs und fordern weitere und bessere RCTs.

Methoden Ein Ziel der Arbeit war, die Anzahl der RCTs und der systematischen Reviews randomisierter Studien zu ermitteln, die im Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2015 publiziert wurden. Als Literaturquelle dienten PubMed, die Cochrane Library, Google, Literaturverzeichnisse identifizierter Artikel und Herausgeber von Evidenzberichten. Ein weiteres Ziel war die Bewertung der Qualität der RCTs. Es wurde evaluiert, ob die Randomisierung nachvollziehbar beschrieben wurde und ob die Schlussfolgerung von akzeptablen Endpunkten abgeleitet wurde.

Ergebnisse Die Literaturrecherche ergab 456 verschiedene Referenzen, in denen 49 randomisierte Studien und 81 systematische Reviews identifiziert wurden. Die Randomisierung wurde in 37% (18 von 49 RCTs) und ihre Verdeckung in 10% (5 von 49 RCTs) nachvollziehbar berichtet. Die Schlussfolgerungen wurden in 55% (27 von 49 RCTs) von akzeptablen Endpunkten abgeleitet. In 65% (32 von 49 RCTs) wurde eine Überlegenheit der NPWT berichtet. Dieser Anteil betrug 16% (8 von 49 RCTs), wenn lediglich Studien mit akzeptablen Endpunkten berücksichtigt wurden. In den systematischen Reviews wurden wiederholt identische Studiendaten eingeschlossen.

Schlussfolgerung Im Verlauf von über 16 Jahren wurden mehr systematische Reviews mit Sekundärdaten aus RCTs publiziert als die eigentlichen RCTs, in denen die klinischen Primärdaten berichtet wurden. Die Qualität vieler RCTs erscheint gering und die Aussagekraft der Schlussfolgerungen wird dadurch erheblich eingeschränkt. Die Fortsetzung wenig glaubwürdiger RCTs und redundanter systematischer Reviews scheint dringende Fragen in der klinischen Praxis nicht überzeugend beantworten zu können. Eine Strategieänderung mit Fokussierung auf individuelle Eigenschaften der jeweiligen Person und spezifische Wunden sollte in Erwägung gezogen werden.
Psychotherapie bei Schwindelerkrankungen – Eine störungsorientierte Gruppenbehandlung für angst-, depressions- und somatoform betonten Schwindel
Authors: Radziej Katharina , Schmid-Mühlbauer Gabriele , Limburg Karina , Lahmann Claas
Published: June 2017

Funktionelle Schwindelbeschwerden zeigen eine hohe Prävalenz und gehen nicht selten mit einer deutlichen Beeinträchtigung im Alltags- und Berufsleben einher. Oft sind sie mit einer Reihe anderer psychischer Störungen, insbesondere phobischen und weiteren Angststörungen, depressiven Störungen oder somatoformen Störungen im engeren Sinne assoziiert. Trotz der klinischen Relevanz ist die Datenlage zur Evidenzbasierung psychotherapeutischer Behandlungsansätze in dieser Patientengruppe nach wie vor dünn. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde ein Manual zur ambulanten Gruppenpsychotherapie für Patienten mit funktionellen Schwindelerkrankungen entwickelt. Dieses zielt darauf ab, ein besseres Verständnis für die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Körper und psychosozialen Faktoren zu entwickeln und so von einer Symptomfokussierung wegzuführen. Neben regelmäßigen Gleichgewichtsübungen beinhaltet das Programm unter anderem störungsorientierte Module zu Angst- bzw. Panikstörung, Depression und Somatisierung. Das phasendefinierte, 16 wöchentliche Sitzungen umfassende integrativ-psychotherapeutische Behandlungskonzept wird an dieser Stelle inhaltlich vorgestellt und ist Gegenstand einer aktuell laufenden randomisierten, kontrollierten Effektivitätsstudie. Diese soll der Evaluation der kurz- und langfristigen Wirksamkeit im Hinblick auf Schwindelcharakteristika und weitere Körperbeschwerden, die durch den Schwindel erlebten Beeinträchtigungen sozialer und physischer Aktivitäten sowie der schwindelassoziierten Angst und depressiven Beschwerden dienen. In einer Pilotstudie zeigten sich kleine bis große Prä-Follow-up-Effekte auf den primären und sekundären Ergebnismaßen. Aus der Pilotstudie ergeben sich zudem Hinweise auf die Akzeptanz und Durchführbarkeit des Gruppentherapiekonzeptes.
Akutes Leberversagen, akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen, hepatorenales Syndrom, hepatopulmonales Syndrom und portopulmonale Hypertonie, Leberunterstützungsverfahren auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Lodes Uwe , Jacob David , Meyer Frank
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund Die akute Leberfunktionsstörung als akutes Leberversagen (ALV) oder akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen (ACLV) ist ein intensivmedizinisches, interdisziplinär zu behandelndes Krankheitsbild mit einem hohen Letalitätsrisiko.

Ziel Nomenklatur, Pathophysiologie, Prognose und mögliche Therapieoptionen des ALV und des ACLV sollen erläutert werden einschließlich der Möglichkeiten der extrakorporalen Leberersatztherapie an der Schwelle zur Lebertransplantation (LTx).

Methode Narrative Übersicht mit selektiver Literaturrecherche und eigenen repräsentativen Fallbeispielen.

Ergebnisse/Eckpunkte ALV und ACLV haben vielfältige Ursachen und eine hohe Letalität. Beim ALV kommt es auf die genaue Ermittlung der Ursache an, weil teilweise spezielle Therapiemöglichkeiten zur Verfügung stehen. Sowohl bei ALV und ACLV kann zum Überleben eine Lebertransplantation erforderlich sein, für ALV und ACLV existieren unterschiedliche Kriterien für Indikationsstellung und Transplantatallokation. Zur extrakorporalen Leberunterstützung haben sich 2 Verfahren etabliert (MARS [molecuar adsorbent recirculating system] und FPSA [fractionated plasma separation and adsorption] Prometheus®). Beide Verfahren können in der Lage sein, bei einem ALV oder einem ACLV die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit zu erhöhen, und sie werden in einzelnen Fällen zum Bridging zur LTx eingesetzt, außerdem in Einzelfällen zur primären Giftelimination, z. B. nach Amatoxiningestion. Beide Verfahren sind nicht als Dauertherapie geeignet.

Schlussfolgerung Akutes Leberversagen und akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen sind schwerwiegende Krankheitsbilder mit hohem Letalitätsrisiko. Betroffene Patienten sollten schnellstmöglich einer interdisziplinären Intensivtherapie in einem (tertiären) Zentrum zugeführt werden mit dem Ziel, die Krankheitsursache und mögliche Therapieoptionen hinsichtlich vorgehaltener extrakorporaler Leberunterstützungsverfahren und Lebertransplantation abzuklären.
Red state, blue state, green state: analysing the geography of federal environmental crime prosecutions within and across the U.S. states
Authors: Ozymy Joshua , Jarrell Melissa
Published: June 2017

While green criminologists note that environmental crimes are taken less seriously than street crimes by law enforcement and the criminal justice system, the diffuse structure of the environmental regulatory regime in the United States and lack of governmental databases makes empirical assessment of environmental crimes and enforcement efforts particularly difficult. This article builds on a need in the green criminological literature to empirically assess the distribution and prosecution of environmental crimes in the United States, by focusing on the underserved area of the U.S. states. Using content analysis of 972 federal environmental crime prosecutions 2001–2011, this article explores the nature and geography of these crimes and subsequent prosecutions within and across the U.S. states. Our findings show a wide distribution of crimes and prosecutions occurring across the states, with Clean Air and Clean Water violations being particularly prevalent. We also find a weak trend between prosecutions and both the amount of pollution and number of environmental groups per state, but the small number of cases and limitations of the data make drawing firm conclusions difficult. These findings show an increased need to build databases to understand the prevalence of environmental crimes and the prosecution of those offenses in the U.S. states.
Optimization of the linear-scaling local natural orbital CCSD(T) method: Redundancy-free triples correction using Laplace transform
Authors: Nagy Péter R. , Kállay Mihály
Published: June 2017

An improved algorithm is presented for the evaluation of the (T) correction as a part of our local natural orbital (LNO) coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [LNO-CCSD(T)] scheme [Z. Rolik et al., J. Chem. Phys. 139, 094105 (2013)]. The new algorithm is an order of magnitude faster than our previous one and removes the bottleneck related to the calculation of the (T) contribution. First, a numerical Laplace transformed expression for the (T) fragment energy is introduced, which requires on average 3 to 4 times fewer floating point operations with negligible compromise in accuracy eliminating the redundancy among the evaluated triples amplitudes. Second, an additional speedup factor of 3 is achieved by the optimization of our canonical (T) algorithm, which is also executed in the local case. These developments can also be integrated into canonical as well as alternative fragmentation-based local CCSD(T) approaches with minor modifications. As it is demonstrated by our benchmark calculations, the evaluation of the new Laplace transformed (T) correction can always be performed if the preceding CCSD iterations are feasible, and the new scheme enables the computation of LNO-CCSD(T) correlation energies with at least triple-zeta quality basis sets for realistic three-dimensional molecules with more than 600 atoms and 12 000 basis functions in a matter of days on a single processor.
Nonlinear dissipative and dispersive electrostatic structures in unmagnetized relativistic electron-ion plasma with warm ions and trapped electrons
Authors: Masood W. , Hamid Naira , Ilyas Iffat , Siddiq M.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we have investigated electrostatic solitary and shock waves in an unmagnetized relativistic electron-ion (ei) plasma in the presence of warm ions and trapped electrons. In this regard, we have derived the trapped Korteweg-de Vries Burgers (TKdVB) equation using the small amplitude approximation method, which to the best of our knowledge has not been investigated in plasmas. Since the TKdVB equation involves fractional nonlinearity on account of trapped electrons, we have employed a smartly crafted extension of the tangent hyperbolic method and presented the solution of the TKdVB equation in this paper. The limiting cases of the TKdVB equation yield trapped Burgers (TB) and trapped Korteweg-de Vries (TKdV) equations. We have also presented the solutions of TB and TKdV equations. We have also explored how the plasma parameters affect the propagation characteristics of the nonlinear structures obtained for these modified nonlinear partial differential equations. We hope that the present work will open new vistas of research in the nonlinear plasma theory both in classical and quantum plasmas.
Photoelectron angular distribution from free SiO2 nanoparticles as a probe of elastic electron scattering
Authors: Antonsson E. , Langer B. , Halfpap I. , Gottwald J. , Rühl E.
Published: June 2017

In order to gain quantitative information on the surface composition of nanoparticles from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a detailed understanding of photoelectron transport phenomena in these samples is needed. Theoretical results on the elastic and inelastic scattering have been reported, but a rigorous experimental verification is lacking. We report in this work on the photoelectron angular distribution from free SiO2 nanoparticles (d = 122 ± 9 nm) after ionization by soft X-rays above the Si 2p and O 1s absorption edges, which gives insight into the relative importance of elastic and inelastic scattering channels in the sample particles. The photoelectron angular anisotropy is found to be lower for photoemission from SiO2 nanoparticles than that expected from the theoretical values for the isolated Si and O atoms in the photoelectron kinetic energy range 20-380 eV. The reduced angular anisotropy is explained by elastic scattering of the outgoing photoelectrons from neighboring atoms, smearing out the atomic distribution. Photoelectron angular distributions yield detailed information on photoelectron elastic scattering processes allowing for a quantification of the number of elastic scattering events the photoelectrons have undergone prior to leaving the sample. The interpretation of the experimental photoelectron angular distributions is complemented by Monte Carlo simulations, which take inelastic and elastic photoelectron scattering into account using theoretical values for the scattering cross sections. The results of the simulations reproduce the experimental photoelectron angular distributions and provide further support for the assignment that elastic and inelastic electron scattering processes need to be considered.
Principles of capacity management, applied in the mental health context
Authors: Zeitz Kathryn , Watson Darryl
Published: June 2017

Objective The aim of the paper was to describe a suite of capacity management principles that have been applied in the mental health setting that resulted in a significant reduction in time spent in two emergency departments (ED) and improved throughput. Methods The project consisted of a multifocal change approach over three phases that included: (1) the implementation of a suite of fundamental capacity management activities led by the service and clinical director; (2) a targeted Winter Demand Plan supported by McKinsey and Co.; and (3) a sustainability of change phase. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the performance data that was collected through-out the project. Results This capacity management project has resulted in sustained patient flow improvement. There was a reduction in the average length of stay (LOS) in the ED for consumers with mental health presentations to the ED. At the commencement of the project, in July 2014, the average LOS was 20.5 h compared with 8.5 h in December 2015 post the sustainability phase. In July 2014, the percentage of consumers staying longer than 24 h was 26% (n = 112); in November and December 2015, this had reduced to 6% and 7 5% respectively (less than one consumer per day). Conclusion Improving patient flow is multifactorial. Increased attendances in public EDs by people with mental health problems and the lengthening boarding in the ED affect the overall ED throughput. Key strategies to improve mental health consumer flow need to focus on engagement, leadership, embedding fundamentals, managing and target setting. What is known about the topic? Improving patient flow in the acute sector is an emerging topic in the health literature in response to increasing pressures of access block in EDs. What does this paper add? This paper describes the application of a suite of patient flow improvement principles that were applied in the mental health setting that significantly reduced the waiting time for consumers in two EDs. What are the implications for practitioners? No single improvement will reduce access block in the ED for mental health consumers. Reductions in waiting times require a concerted, multifocal approach across all components of the acute mental health journey.
How partnership type and HIV seroconcordance affect HIV transmission risk in regular sexual partnerships: a cross-sectional survey of Australian gay and bisexual men
Authors: Bavinton Benjamin R. , Grulich Andrew E. , Duncan Duane , Zablotska Iryna B. , Prestage Garrett P.
Published: June 2017

Background
Regular sexual partnerships among gay and bisexual men (GBM) who practice condomless anal intercourse (CLAI) have not been well characterised in terms of partnership type, HIV seroconcordance and risk of HIV transmission. Primarily sexual regular partnerships, although commonly reported by gay men, have largely been ignored in research and HIV prevention. Among regular partners reporting CLAI with each other, we determined factors differentiating romantic or committed relationships from partnerships organised primarily around sex (‘fuckbuddies’) and estimated the proportion of CLAI presenting risk for HIV transmission. Methods: An online, cross-sectional survey of Australian GBM was conducted. Univariate and multivariate generalised estimating equations were used to determine statistical associations. Results: Men reported on 2250 regular sexual partnerships. Over half the partnerships were romantic or committed relationships. Over half the partnerships were HIV-negative seroconcordant (54.9%), 3.1% were HIV-positive seroconcordant, 5.2% were serodiscordant and 36.8% were of unknown seroconcordance. Potential risks presented by CLAI were sometimes mitigated by protective factors, such as having a clear spoken agreement about sex with outside partners, having fewer outside partners, openly discussing HIV risk and having an agreement to reduce risk from outside partners. These protective factors were more often found in romantic or committed relationships than among primarily sexual partnerships, and were less often found in partnerships of unknown seroconcordance. Conclusion: CLAI is more common among regular sexual partnerships considered to be of a romantic, committed nature. However, factors associated with such romantic or committed partnerships can also protect against HIV transmission risk. Unknown seroconcordance, particularly lack of communication about HIV status among primarily sexual partnerships, is a key risk factor that needs to be addressed by HIV education.
Identifying peaks in bat activity: a new application of SaTScan’s space–time scan statistic
Authors: Adams Amanda M. , Fenton M. Brock
Published: June 2017

Context Identifying key spatio–temporal periods of an organism’s activity is an important focus of many ecological studies. Bat activity, as assessed by passive acoustic monitoring, can be extremely variable and currently there exists no agreed-upon method for identifying periods of high activity. Aims We proposed a new application for the space–time scan statistic (SaTScan) as an objective technique for identifying peak periods of bat activity. We aimed to test the validity of SaTScan as a method for identifying peaks in bat activity and demonstrate its use for assessing species-specific temporal patterns of activity. Methods To evaluate the effectiveness of SaTScan for detecting peaks in activity, we compared SaTScan to peaks identified with percentile thresholds. We evaluated peaks in activity across three scales: within nights; among nights at a site; and among sites. We applied SaTScan to demonstrate analysis of species-specific activity as further use of this technique. Key results SaTScan was effective at identifying peak time periods that included the majority of the high activity minutes. Timing of peaks of activity was most consistent for Myotis lucifugus during swarming and Lasiurus borealis during migration. All other activity for five species at three sites was indicative of foraging activity, with peaks in the first 5h after sunset. Conclusions SaTScan can be a valuable tool for quickly identifying peaks in acoustic activity of bats, with an objective, replicable and statistically sound method that can be applied at many temporal and spatial scales. Implications This tool has the potential for many more applications in ecology. Beyond acoustic analyses of bat activity, this technique could easily identify peaks in a research or management context, such as study activity among habitats, commercial developments or years at a single site.
Evidential adverbs in German
Authors: Axel-Tober Katrin , Müller Kalle
Published: June 2017

This article addresses the semantic and morphosyntactic development of the German evidential adverbsoffensichtlich, offenbar, anscheinend, andscheinbar‘obviously’/‘apparently’/‘seemingly’ and their meaning contribution in present-day German. It will be argued that these expressions, most of which are historically derived from adjectives, innovated separate lexical entries as sentence adverbs in New High German resulting from a morphosyntactic reanalysis of an ambiguous surface structure. This reanalysis was accompanied by a profound semantic change, as a result of which the expressions acquired a wide-scope reading of the type ‘there is (clear) evidence that p’. The diachronic results are corroborated by experimental data from Present-Day German that show that these evidential sentence adverbs are underspecified with respect to evidence type (inference and report). The diachronic and synchronic findings are furthermore discussed in the light of grammaticalization and subjectification theory.
Constructing identities on a Japanese gay dating site
Authors: Baudinette Thomas
Published: June 2017

By analysing 200 posts on a Japanese gay dating Bulletin Board System (deai-keiBBS), I investigate how users strategically deploy language to construct desirable identities and “sell themselves” online. Drawing upon both quantitative and qualitative analysis, I demonstrate that users of the BBS creatively manipulate stereotypical identity categories known as Types (taipu) to construct highly nuanced yet specific discourses of the Self and the desired Other. Through a discursive analysis of the strategies users employ to construct their own identities, and the identities of their desired partners, I argue that identity categories marked as masculine and hunky (sawayaka) are privileged as more desirable than feminine and cute (kawaii) identities. Through this analysis, I suggest that users of this particular forum appear to valorise heteronormative masculinity, which they link to being hunky. Furthermore, I argue that being cute is considered undesirable due to its perception as transgressing normative masculine gendered traits.
Building a body of followers
Authors: Hiramoto Mie , Lai Yanning
Published: June 2017

In 2014, a British journalist coined the termspornosexualto account for the emergence of a body-obsessed version ofmetrosexuality. While metrosexuals practice beautification rituals, spornosexuals are men obsessed with developing muscular bodies and self-objectifyingly flaunting them online. In an age of neoliberalism and globalization, this form of masculinity has now spread worldwide, including to Singapore, as a hegemonic ideal male figure. Using a multimodal analysis, we investigate four racially Chinese, Singapore-based Instagram users who represent prototypical spornosexual ideals through their bodies and fitness practices. We examine the way these Instagram users embody the personhood of a spornosexual through their construction of mediatized identities online. The meanings and values associated with the muscular body are also explored and subsequently compared with traditional notions of masculinity in Singapore.
Of slurs and soccer
Authors: Femenías Blenda
Published: June 2017

Since the late twentieth century, Buenos Aires has been widely publicized outside Argentina as a “gay-friendly” destination. This period has also seen increasing immigration to the city from other parts of South America, especially neighboring countries and others with sizeable indigenous populations. An ongoing popular national narrative highlights hyper-masculinity as a preeminently Argentine characteristic. Distinct discourses characterizing Argentina as racially white-majority and anti-foreign and anti-indigenous, overinvested in machismo, and at the same time welcoming to nonheterosexual foreigners seem, on the surface, to be at odds. In this essay I explore intersections among race, gender, sexuality, and foreign origin as cross-cutting planes of discourse, which are all subsumed within and constitutive of the Argentine national imaginary. While these distinct domains of reference can isolate and contain different sectors of Argentine society, I argue that it is the overlapping, simultaneous application of raced-sex terms that necessarily denies masculine superiority to others and promotes it among Argentine men. Ultimately, therefore, a “permissive” atmosphere cannot challenge heteronormativity. I consider the ways that racial and sexual epithets (including maricón and puto “fag,” boliguayo “Bolivian + Paraguayan alien” or “Indian,” and brasileño, literally “Brazilian” but code for “Afro-heritage/black”) are differently used in conversational settings and media reports about sports teams and sporting events, especially soccer, as well as during those events.
Linguistic correlates of comprehensibility in second language Japanese speech
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Akiyama Yuka
Published: June 2017

This study examined phonological, temporal, lexical and grammatical correlates of native speakers’ perception of second language (L2) comprehensibility (i.e., ease of understanding). L2 learners of Japanese with various proficiency levels engaged in oral picture description tasks which were judged by native speaking raters for comprehensibility, and then submitted to pronunciation, fluency, and lexicogrammar analyses. According to correlation analyses and linear mixed-models, the native speaking judges’ comprehensibility ratings were significantly linked not only with actual usage of words in context (lexical appropriateness) but also with the surface details of words (pitch accent, speech rate, lexical variation). Similar to previous L2 English studies (e.g., Isaacs & Trofimovich, 2012), the influence of segmental and morphological errors in the comprehensibility of L2 Japanese speech appeared to be minor.
The good, the bad, and the gradient
Authors: Putnam Michael T. , Klosinski Robert
Published: June 2017

Although formal analyses of code-switching have enjoyed some success in determining which structures and interfaces are more fertile environments for switches than others, research exposing recalcitrant counter-examples to proposed constraints and axioms responsible for governing code-switching is abound. We advance the claim here that sub-optimal representations, i.e.,losers, stand to reveal important information regarding the interaction of grammatical principles and processing strategies of bilingual speakers and that any comprehensive analysis of code-switching phenomena should include them. These losers are the result of gradient activation in both input and output forms. We demonstrate how the formalism Gradient Symbolic Computation (GSC;Smolensky et al., 2014) can account for both of these observed facets of bilingual grammars in a unified manner. Building upon the work of Goldrick et al. (2016a,b), we provide an analysis of mixed determiner phrases (DPs) as an example of the fundamental components of a GSC-analysis.
VRK2A is an A-type lamin–dependent nuclear envelope kinase that phosphorylates BAF
Authors: Birendra KC  , May Danielle G. , Benson Benjamin V. , Kim Dae In , Shivega Winnie G. , Ali Manaal H. , Faustino Randolph S. , Campos Alexandre R. , Roux Kyle J.
Published: June 2017

The nuclear envelope (NE) is critical for numerous fundamental cellular functions, and mutations in several NE constituents can lead to a heterogeneous spectrum of diseases. We used proximity biotinylation to uncover new constituents of the inner nuclear membrane (INM) by comparative BioID analysis of lamin A, Sun2 and a minimal INM-targeting motif. These studies identify vaccinia-related kinase-2 (VRK2) as a candidate constituent of the INM. The transmembrane VRK2A isoform is retained at the NE by association with A-type lamins. Furthermore, VRK2A physically interacts with A-type, but not B-type, lamins. Finally, we show that VRK2 phosphorylates barrier to autointegration factor (BAF), a small and highly dynamic chromatin-binding protein, which has roles including NE reassembly, cell cycle, and chromatin organization in cells, and subtly alters its nuclear mobility. Together these findings support the value of using BioID to identify unrecognized constituents of distinct subcellular compartments refractory to biochemical isolation and reveal VRK2A as a transmembrane kinase in the NE that regulates BAF.
Rights Forfeiture and Punishment
Authors: Wellman Christopher
Published: June 2017

In Rights Forfeiture and Punishment, Christopher Heath Wellman argues that those of us who seek to defend the moral permissibility of punishment should shift our focus from general justifying aims to moral side constraints. Given that persons typically have a right not to be subjected to the hard treatment of punishment, it would seem natural to conclude that the permissibility of punishment is centrally a question of rights. Despite this, the vast majority of theorists working on punishment focus instead on important aims, such as achieving retributive justice, deterring crime, restoring victims, or expressing society’s core values. The book argues that these aims may well explain why we should want a properly constructed system of punishment, but none shows why it would be permissible to institute one. Only a rights-based analysis will suffice, because the type of justification we seek for punishment must demonstrate that punishment is permissible, and it would be permissible just in case it violated no one’s rights. On this book’s view, punishment is permissible only when the wrongdoer has forfeited her right against punishment by culpably violating (or at least attempting to violate) the rights of others. After defending rights forfeiture theory against the standard objections, the book explains this theory’s implications for a number of core issues in criminal law, including the authority of the state, international criminal law, the proper scope of the criminal law and the tort/crime distinction, procedural rights, and the justification of mala prohibita.
The Emergence of Sin
Authors: Croasmun Matthew
Published: June 2017

This book aims to solve an age-old problem in New Testament scholarship: namely, how to understand the relationship between “sins” as human misdeeds, and “Sin/Hamartia, ” the cosmic tyrant, in Romans. It appropriates the critical framework of emergence in philosophy of science to describe the emergence of cognition and agency at the individual, social, and mythological levels. The cosmic tyrant Sin is described as a real person, emergent from a complex system of human transgressions. The work argues that this emergence is analogous to the emergence of mind from the complex neurological system that is the brain. The dominion of Sin is described as downward causation exercised on Sin’s supervenience base (individual sinners), in dialog with liberationist accounts of social sin. This interdisciplinary engagement sets the table for placing Paul’s discourse of the “Body of Sin” within the context of various ancient discourses regarding the social body. The Roma cult in the Roman Republic and early Roman Empire serves as an instance of an ancient collective “person” emergent from a complex social system to compare with Paul’s description of Sin/Hamartia. This comparison allows for a discussion of Sin/Hamartia in Paul in terms of ancient political and gender ideology.
Law as Performance
Authors: Peters Julie Stone
Published: June 2017

This chapter starts from the view that legal performance matters to law: its outcomes, doctrines, and history. Here, rather than defending that view (a task undertaken elsewhere), it analyzes the methodological issues that arise from it. Distinguishing performances—expressive, embodied legal events, and practices—from both literary and legal texts (the traditional objects of law and literature), it assesses the vexed words “performance” and “performativity” as analytic tools, set against the rich historical lexicon. It then distinguishes “law in performance” and “law of performance” from “law as performance,” arguing that analysis of more familiar interpretive objects (aesthetic performances, legal texts) cannot substitute for sustained attention to legal events and practices. Finally, it briefly outlines some paradigms for understanding legal performance: legal conjuration, enactment, or mimesis; legal surrogation (metaphoric, metonymic, or indexical); and legal theatricality-antitheatricality.