bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening chest radiography: results from a Greek cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kamposioras Konstantinos , Casazza Giovanni , Mauri Davide , Lakiotis Velisarios , Cortinovis Ivan , Xilomenos Apostolos , Peponi Christina , Golfinopoulos Vassilis , Milousis Athanasios , Kakaridis Dimitrios , Zacharias Georgios , Karathanasi Ioanna , Ferentinos Georgios , Proiskos Anastasios
Published: May 2006

Background

Public health authorities worldwide discourage the use of chest radiography as a screening modality, as the diagnostic performance of chest radiography does not justify its application for screening and may even be harmful, since people with false positive results may experience anxiety and concern. Despite the accumulated evidence, various reports suggest that primary care physicians throughout the world still prescribe chest radiography for screening. We therefore set out to index the use of chest radiography for screening purposes among the healthy adult population and to analyze its relationship with possible trigger factors.

Methods

The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. Five thousand four hundred and ninety-nine healthy adults, coming from 26 Greek provinces were surveyed for screening practice habits in the nationwide anticancer study. Data were obtained for the use of screening chest radiography. Impact of age, gender, tobacco exposure, family history positive for malignancies and professional-risk for lung diseases was further analyzed.

Results

we found that 20% (n = 1099) of the surveyed individuals underwent chest radiography for screening purposes for at least one time during the previous three years. Among those, 24% do so with a frequency equal or higher than once yearly, and 48% with a frequency equal or higher than every three years. Screening for chest radiography was more commonly adopted among males (OR 1.130, 95% CI 0.988–1.292), pensioners (OR 1.319, CI 1.093–1.593) and individuals with a positive family history for lung cancer (OR 1.251, CI 0.988–1.583). Multivariate analysis confirmed these results.

Conclusion

Despite formal recommendations, chest radiography for screening purposes was a common practice among the analyzed sample of Greek adults. This practice is of questionable value since the positive predictive value of chest radiography is low. The implementation of even a relatively inexpensive imaging study on a national scale would greatly burden health economics and the workload of radiology departments.
A cross-sectional survey of complementary and alternative medicine use by children and adolescents attending the University Hospital of Wales
Authors: Crawford Nigel W , Cincotta Domenic R , Lim Alissa , Powell Colin VE
Published: May 2006

Background

A high prevalence of CAM use has been documented worldwide in children and adolescents with chronic illnesses. Only a small number of studies, however, have been conducted in the United Kingdom. The primary aim of this study was to examine the use of CAM by children and adolescents with a wide spectrum of acute and chronic medical problems in a tertiary children's hospital in Wales.

Methods

Structured personal interviews of 100 inpatients and 400 outpatients were conducted over a 2-month period in 2004. The yearly and monthly prevalence of CAM use were assessed and divided into medicinal and non-medicinal therapies. This use was correlated with socio-demographic factors.

Results

There were 580 patients approached to attain 500 completed questionnaires. The use of at least one type of CAM in the past year was 41% (95% CI 37–46%) and past month 26% (95% CI 23–30%). The yearly prevalence of medicinal CAM was 38% and non-medicinal 12%. The users were more likely to have parents that were tertiary educated (mother: OR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.6–3.3) and a higher family income (Pearson chi-square for trend = 14.3, p < 0.001). The most common medicinal types of CAM were non-prescribed vitamins and minerals (23%) and herbal therapies (10%). Aromatherapy (5%) and reflexology (3%) were the most prevalent non-medicinal CAMs.

None of the inpatient medical records documented CAM use in the past month. Fifty-two percent of medicinal and 38% of non-medicinal CAM users felt their doctor did not need to know about CAM use. Sixty-six percent of CAM users did not disclose the fact to their doctor. Three percent of all participants were using herbs and prescription medicines concurrently.

Conclusion

There is a high prevalence of CAM use in our study population. Paediatricians need to ensure that they ask parents and older children about their CAM usage and advise caution with regard to potential interactions.

CAM is a rapidly expanding industry that requires further evidence-based research to provide more information on the effectiveness and safety of many CAM therapies. Statutory or self-regulation of the different segments of the industry is important. Integration of CAM with allopathic western medicine through education and better communication is slowly progressing.
Proteomic identification of Drosophila melanogaster male accessory gland proteins, including a pro-cathepsin and a soluble γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
Authors: Walker Michael J , Rylett Caroline M , Keen Jeff N , Audsley Neil , Sajid Mohammed , Shirras Alan D , Isaac R Elwyn
Published: May 2006

Background

In Drosophila melanogaster, the male seminal fluid contains proteins that are important for reproductive success. Many of these proteins are synthesised by the male accessory glands and are secreted into the accessory gland lumen, where they are stored until required. Previous studies on the identification of Drosophila accessory gland products have largely focused on characterisation of male-specific accessory gland cDNAs from D. melanogaster and, more recently, Drosophila simulans. In the present study, we have used a proteomics approach without any sex bias to identify proteins in D. melanogaster accessory gland secretions.

Results

Thirteen secreted accessory gland proteins, including seven new accessory gland proteins, were identified by 2D-gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry of tryptic fragments. They included protein-folding and stress-response proteins, a hormone, a lipase, a serpin, a cysteine-rich protein and two peptidases, a pro-enzyme form of a cathepsin K-like cysteine peptidase and a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Enzymatic studies established that accessory gland secretions contain a cysteine peptidase zymogen that can be activated at low pH. This peptidase may have a role in the processing of female and other male-derived proteins, but is unlikely to be involved in the processing of the sex peptide. γ-Glutamyl transpeptidases are type II integral membrane proteins; however, the identified AG γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT-1) is unusual in that it is predicted to be a soluble secreted protein, a prediction that is supported by biochemical evidence. GGT-1 is possibly involved in maintaining a protective redox environment for sperm. The strong γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity found in the secretions provides an explanation for the observation that glutamic acid is the most abundant free amino acid in accessory gland secretions of D. melanogaster.

Conclusion

We have applied biochemical approaches, not used previously, to characterise prominent D. melanogaster accessory gland products. Of the thirteen accessory gland secreted proteins reported in this study, six were represented in a D. simulans male accessory gland EST library that was biased for male-specific genes. Therefore, the present study has identified seven new secreted accessory gland proteins, including GGT-1, which was not recognised previously as a secreted accessory gland product.
Objective Cancer-Related Variables Are Not Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Women Treated for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Bardwell Wayne A. , Natarajan Loki , Dimsdale Joel E. , Rock Cheryl L. , Mortimer Joanne E. , Hollenbach Kathy , Pierce John P.
Published: May 2006

Purpose

Women with breast cancer are thought to be vulnerable to depression for reasons associated with impact of diagnosis, treatment, and metabolic/endocrine changes. While the literature shows that most of these women do not become clinically depressed, 15% to 30% report elevated depressive symptoms that may be clinically important. The purpose was to identify and determine the relative importance of predictors of depressive symptoms in women treated for early-stage breast cancer.

Patients and Methods

A total of 2,595 women (≤ 4 years following completion of initial treatment for early-stage breast cancer) provided data on cancer-related variables, personal characteristics, health behaviors, physical functioning/symptoms, and psychosocial variables. Participants were divided into high or low depressive groups using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale screening form.

Results

Results of the binary logistic regression analysis were significant (overall R2= 32.4%). Before entry of psychosocial variables, younger age, being unmarried, poorer physical functioning, and more vasomotor and gastrointestinal symptoms were significant risk factors for elevated depressive symptoms (R2= 16.1%), but objective cancer-related variables were not. After inclusion of psychosocial variables in the model (ΔR2= 16.3%), none of the preceding variables remained significant. Greater risk for depressive symptoms was associated with stressful life events, less optimism, ambivalence over expressing negative emotions, sleep disturbance, and poorer social functioning.

Conclusion

Depressive symptoms in women treated for early-stage breast cancer are not associated with objective cancer-related factors. Rather, they are most strongly linked with many subjective psychosocial variables.
Development and Application of Functional Surfaces
Authors: Groche P , Köhler M
Published: May 2006

Functional surfaces in metal forming can be divided into three groups: those that optimize the tribological procedures during the forming process by enhancing friction, wear, and thermal and chemical behaviour; surfaces that have a product function that should not be destroyed in the forming process; and surfaces that can be systematically manufactured during a forming operation. Optimization of the tribological conditions can be achieved by using surface microtextures, coatings with dry lubricant properties, and hard coatings for wear reduction. Metallic or organic layers with a task for the produced part offer a large economization potential, but the non-destructive forming is difficult. At present, production of functional surfaces during forming is practised using only a few manufacturing techniques.
Invert-Forming of Thin-Walled Tubes Using a Die
Authors: Rosa P A , Rodrigues J M C , Martins P A F
Published: May 2006

The production of sound thin-walled tubular parts by invert-forming is generally limited to components having geometrical features within a compact range. Recent published works in the field present new results relevant to process and die design. However, gaps of knowledge can still be found in understanding the influence of design parameters and interface friction on the overall formability of the process.

The aim of this paper is to extend the actual knowledge of the process by means of a comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigation. The theoretical investigation is supported by numerical predictions based on the finite element flow formulation and the overall methodology is assessed by means of experimental tests on AA6060 aluminium-alloy tubes under laboratory-controlled conditions.
A Novel Technique of Friction and Material Property Measurement by Tip Test in Cold Forging
Authors: Im Y T , Kang S H , Cheon J S
Published: May 2006

Tip test experiments and simulations showed that the relationships between the tip distance, forming load, and shear friction factor were linear for all tested materials of aluminium alloys, steel, and copper. The ratio of the shear friction factor of the workpiece-die interface to that of the workpiece-punch interface was determined to be in the range of 23–60 per cent depending on the material. Also a logarithmic relation between the ratio of these two shear friction factors and the strain-hardening exponent of the material was found in the present investigation. Finally, it was clearly demonstrated that the tip test can be used to determine effectively the material property with decoupling of the friction effect in compression tests.
Bending Under Tension Test with Direct Friction Measurement
Authors: Andreasen J L , Olsson D D , Chodnikiewicz K , Bay N
Published: May 2006

A special bending-under-tension (BUT) transducer has been developed in which friction around the tool radius can be directly measured when drawing a plane sheet strip around a cylindrical tool pin under constant back tension. The front tension, back tension, and torque on the tool pin are all measured directly, thus enabling accurate measurement of friction and direct determination of lubricant film breakdown for varying normal pressure, sliding speed, tool radius, and tool preheat temperature. The transducer is applied in an experimental investigation focusing on limits of lubrication in drawing of stainless steel, showing the influence of varying process conditions and the performance of different lubricants.
Microtexturing of Cold-Forging Tools - Influence on Tool Life
Authors: Popp U , Engel U
Published: May 2006

Friction and wear in metal-forming processes are dependent on several parameters, including sliding velocity, temperature, material combination, etc. Surface topography also plays an important role. It is evident that so-called lubricant pockets can improve the tribological state. Excimer laser material processing makes it possible to generate such pockets, even on complex-shaped, uncoated as well as coated-forming tools and with flexibility considering the arrangement and geometry of the textures. This paper deals with the investigation of the influence of direct laser texturing of coated tools on tribology in cold-forging processes. The arrangement, size, and geometry of the texture elements were chosen according to results of previous basic investigations. The tribological state is determined by means of industrial tool life tests. The results proved that tool life can be increased significantly, in some cases to more than 300 per cent.
Change of Contact Condition in Multiple-Stage Cold Forging
Authors: Kitamura K , Niimi T
Published: May 2006

In multiple-stage cold forging using a parts-former machine, lubricant oil is needed on the ends of billets after cropping. The oil is trapped by a squeeze action and it is sometimes supplied from valleys of roughness serving as oil pits. Naturally, the surface roughness on the billets must affect lubrication, but data on surfaces of practical billets is not sufficient for estimating the lubrication condition for designers of tools and processes. The authors sampled some practical billets in two typical kinds of multiple-stage cold forging. Changing distributions of surface roughness and the contact ratios are exemplified.
A numerical study of the effects of swirl chamber passage hole geometry on the flow characteristics of a swirl chamber type diesel engine
Authors: Choi Gyeung Ho , Kim Sung Hoon , Kwon Tae Yun , Yun Ju Hee , Chung Yon Jong , Ha Chang Uk , Lee Jong Soon , Han Sung Bin
Published: May 2006

This research simulates the in-cylinder flow of a swirl chamber type diesel engine using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code and reveals the generation and distortion of swirling, tumbling vortices and their influence on turbulence kinetic energy depending on the shape, angle, and area of the jet passage. The CFD code was applied to the intake and compression processes. Results show that flow characteristics were affected by inflow velocity, which depends on the change in the jet passage shape. The swirl ratio was increased as a result of a decrease in the jet passage area. Turbulence kinetic energy was generated by mixing effects of the swirling and tumbling vortices.
A novel dielectrophoretic oil filter
Authors: Park B Y , Paradiso A , Kawabe M , Madou M J
Published: May 2006

A novel dielectrophoretic oil filter concept is introduced and proof-of-concept systems are tested. Traditional methods of dielectrophoretic separation using planar micro-electrodes have a common problem: the dielectrophoretic force, which is proportional to ▿| E|2, rapidly decays as the distance from the electrodes increases. In this paper, the use of three-dimensional electrode designs for high-throughput dielectrophoretic separation/concentration/filtration systems is investigated. Three-dimensional electrode designs are beneficial because they provide a method of extending the electric field within the fluid, the three-dimensional electrodes can be designed so that the velocity field coincides with the electric field distribution, filtration of particles too small to be physically filtered is possible, and novel electrode designs, not based on planar electrodes designs, can be developed and used. The electric field distribution and velocity fields of three-dimensional electrode designs that are simple extensions of two-dimensional designs are presented, and three novel electrode designs that are not based on two-dimensional electrode designs are introduced. Finally, the experimental results are presented. Preliminary results from particle count analysis suggest that a reduction of up to 90 per cent in particulate contaminants could be achieved (the standard deviation was quite high owing to the small number of particles within view and the uneven distribution of particles within the oil).
Identification and control of a vehicle restraint system
Authors: Hesseling R J , Steinbuch M , Veldpaus F E , Klisch T
Published: May 2006

To minimize occupant injuries, passive in-vehicle safety systems like the safety belt and the airbag restrain the occupant during a crash. This paper presents a design approach for a feedback controller for the belt force to reduce the maximum chest acceleration as a measure for the risk of occupant injuries. Only frontal crashes are considered. The available, experimentally validated numerical crash model is too complex to be used as a controller design model. Therefore, approximate linear models for the transfer from belt force to chest acceleration are derived by analysing the effect of stepwise perturbations of the belt force on the chest acceleration. Using these linear models, loop shaping is applied to arrive at a controller that satisfies a set of a priori defined criteria. The controller is implemented in and evaluated with the complex crash model, showing that a reduction of approximately 60 per cent in the adopted injury measure can be achieved. Furthermore, it is shown that this approach can be applied in different situations.
Computer aided optical design of reflectors in automotive headlights
Authors: Kumar V Prasanna , Lakkumanan R , Prakasan K
Published: May 2006

This paper describes a constructive procedure aimed at developing a CAD/CAE/CAM system for designing the reflector of an automobile headlight for a given light intensity distribution on the target (road), considering the styling of modern passenger cars. A design concept is described in which the reflector alone produces the specified illumination pattern. Consider a reflector system consisting of a reflecting surface S, a point light source O, and some object T (road). Assume that the source O, reflector S, and object T are positioned so that the rays reflected off S are incident on T. Depending on the geometry of S the energy radiated by O and redirected by S is distributed on T to produce a certain illumination pattern. A solution of the inverse problem consisting of constructing the reflector S from constraints such as installation space, depth, height, and width of a headlight pertaining to a particular automotive body profile, the object T, and the specified illumination pattern to be achieved on T is presented. This solution is integrated with CATIA V5 for downstream functions such as manufacturing.
A review of jet mixing enhancement for aircraft propulsion applications
Authors: Knowles K , Saddington A J
Published: May 2006

This article reviews techniques applicable to enhancing the mixing of jets, with particular emphasis on infrared (IR) signature reduction of high-speed jets. Following a brief introduction to the IR signature of jet plumes and the fundamentals of jet mixing, this paper discusses rapid mixing technologies under the categories of: geometric modifications (to the nozzle); high shear stress mixing; normal stress mixing; self-acoustic excitation; external acoustic excitation; mechanically oscillated; self-oscillated. It is shown that mixing enhancements of the order of 100 per cent are possible with some techniques and that by combining techniques this can be increased by at least as much again. Simple geometric calculations are presented which demonstrate that with rectangular nozzles such high levels of mixing enhancement may be necessary in order to reduce IR signature. Some apparent rapid mixing technologies, however, have been shown to increase jet spreading without increasing entrainment, whereas other techniques can reduce entrainment as easily as they can increase it.
Whirling instability of a rotor supported by aerostatic porous journal bearings with a surface-restricted layer
Authors: Miyatake M , Yoshimoto S , Sato J
Published: May 2006

Recently, aerostatic porous bearings have been used in ultra precision machine tools and precision-measuring equipment because they have higher stiffness and larger damping coefficients than other types of aerostatic bearings. However, an aerostatic porous bearing has a disadvantage in that it is prone to cause pneumatic hammer instability. Therefore, it is considered that reducing the permeability of the porous material only near the bearing surface in an aerostatic porous bearing is a very effective means of avoiding pneumatic hammer instability. In this article, the whirling instability of a rotor supported by aerostatic porous journal bearings with a surface-restricted layer is investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is found that a surface-restricted layer can greatly improve the static stiffness and the whirling stability of a rotor at high speeds.
Flow and Mixture Distribution in a High-Speed Five-Valve Direct Injected Gasoline Engine
Authors: Kampanis N , Arcoumanis C , Kometani S , Kato R , Kinoshita H
Published: May 2006

The in-cylinder flow, spray dynamics, air-spray interaction, and fuel vapour distribution have been characterized in a motorcycle five-valve gasoline engine in terms of their effect on performance and emissions. A five-valve single-cylinder optical engine was employed which operated at speeds up to 3000 r/min in the close spacing configuration, with an early induction injection strategy using a centrally mounted swirl pressure atomizer. Particle image velocimetry, spray imaging in a spray chamber and in the engine, and planar laser-induced fluorescence revealed the importance of a strong and ordered in-cylinder flow for the efficient distribution of the liquid fuel throughout the cylinder volume and its complete evaporation prior to combustion, especially in the relatively low speed regime investigated. Furthermore, in the absence of a large-scale vortex structure during compression, incomplete mixing may still occur, resulting in mixture inhomogeneities and flow instability. Consequently, in contrast to port fuel injected engines, where good mixing could be achieved at high revolution rates, even with an unstructured flow, in direct injection engines an ordered flow structure is a prerequisite for efficient combustion and low exhaust emissions.
The Use of Non-Parametric Regression to Investigate the Sensitivities of High-Speed Direct Injection Diesel Emissions and Fuel Consumption to Engine Parameters
Authors: Liu Y , Lu F , Reitz R D
Published: May 2006

A recently developed non-parametric regression (NPR) method, namely the component selection and smoothing operator (COSSO), was applied to a high-speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine optimization problem to analyse the complex correlations between NO x and soot emissions, and fuel consumption responses and control factors. Seven control factors were considered, including swirl ratio, fuel injection pressure, intake air boost pressure, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), start-of-injection timings for each pulse of two-pulse injections, and the dwell between the injections. The responses are non-linearly and non-monotonically correlated to the control factors, which feature complex interactions. The models were constructed by extracting information from an undesigned and unevenly distributed data sample, whose size is small with regard to the high dimensionality of the inputs. The models perform well, as shown by cross-validations. This success reveals the potential of NPR methods as powerful analysis tools for problems of this type.

Based on the current proposed well-constructed models, the importance of the control factors could be ranked according to their significance in the models, and interactions between control factors and their influence on responses could be quantitatively assessed. For example, a two-pulse injection featuring a very early first injection and a second injection well past top dead centre of compression provides excellent performance. The start-of-second-injection timing is shown to be most influential for fuel consumption and interactions between the boost pressure and the start-of-first-injection timing are important. Similarly, as expected, EGR is the most important main factor for NO x emissions, while the main and interaction effects of the second-injection timing and EGR are also very significant. All main and interaction effects were significant for soot emissions. With a complete and continuous description of response surfaces available using the method, response values at untried parameter points can also be estimated, and possibly optimal solutions can be derived without being restrained by specified search grid resolution. Moreover, the solutions can be diversified to meet various criteria. The potential of using the proposed NPR method for assisting optimal parameter search is also discussed.
Formulation of Strong Acid-Strong Base Potentiometric Titration Curve in Terms of Hyperbolic Functions
Authors: Kodama Masao
Published: May 2006

The strict relation between pH and the titration fraction, f, representing the strong acid-strong base potentiometric titration curve is formulated, taking the effect of dilution into account, in terms of the inverse hyperbolic sine function. From this, exact expressions for dpH/df and d2pH/df2 are derived as a function of f.
Oxidative Substitution Reaction of Olefinic Tin Compounds with Lead Tetraacetate
Authors: Yamamoto Makoto , Irie Shin , Miyashita Michio , Kohmoto Shigeo , Yamada Kazutoshi
Published: May 2006

The oxidative substitution reaction of olefinic tin compounds with lead tetraacetate(LTA) was investigated. The oxidation is highly regioselective and gave a dipole inversed product (acetate) in good yield.
Intramolecular Ene Approach to Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Cyclopentanoids
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhiko , Sato Hisao , Mikami Koichi , Nakai Takeshi
Published: May 2006

A new and stereoselective approach to cyclopentanoid synthesis is described. The key step is the thermal intramolecular ene reaction of 4-carbomethoxymethyl-7-benzyloxy-5-heptenal, prepared by the Claisen rearrangement, to afford the 2,3-disubstituted cyclopentanol derivative in a highly stereoselective fashion.
1,2-Asymmetric Induction on Conjugate Addition to Chiral γ-Sukstituted-α,β-unsaturated Aldehyde
Authors: Honda Yutaka , Hirai Shigeru , Tsuchihashi Gen-ichi
Published: May 2006

The conjugate addition of organo-cuprate and -copper reagents to chiral γ-substituted-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes yields the anti-adducts predominantly.
A Convenient Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers from Siloxy Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Homma Koichi , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: May 2006

Five–seven membered cyclic ethers are prepared by one-pot procedure in good yields from γ-, δ-, and ε-siloxy carbonyl compounds, respectively, on treatment with silyl nucleophiles (triethylsilane, allyltrimethylsilane, trimethylsilyl cyanide, etc.) in the presence of a catalytic amount of trityl hexachloroantimonate, or a catalyst system of antimony pentachloride, chlorotrimethylsilane and tin (II) iodide.
Novel Synthetic Method of Phenol from Benzene Catalysed by Perfluorinated Hemin
Authors: Tsuchiya Shinji , Seno Manabu
Published: May 2006

New perfluorinated hemin carrys out hydroxylation of benzene by hydrogen peroxide at room temperature and an atmospheric pressure. The turnover for phenol produced for 2 hours is 55. This hemin also catalyses the epoxidation of cyclooctene by hydrogen peroxide.
Ecklonialactone-A and -B, Two Unusual Metabolites from the Brown Alga Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura
Authors: Kurata Kazuya , Taniguchi Kazuya , Shiraishi Kazunari , Hayama Naoki , Tanaka Isao , Suzuki Minoru
Published: May 2006

Two new unusual metabolites, ecklonialactone-A and -B have been isolated from the title alga, and their structures were determined by spectral and chemical methods as well as X-ray crystallographic analysis.
γ-Cyclodextrin as a Second Sphere Coordinating Ligand for Cobalt Cluster Complexes
Authors: Harada Akira , Shimada Masayuki , Takahashi Shigetoshi
Published: May 2006

One-to-one inclusion compounds of di-, tri-, and tetranuclear cobalt complexes with γ-cyclodextrin were obtained in high yields, while α- and β-cyclodextrin did not form inclusion compounds.
Solvent Effects in 1H-NMR Spectrum of Steroidal π-Allyl Palladium Chloride Complexes
Authors: Horiuchi C Akira , Takayama Toshio , Koike Yoshio , Tanaka Mikio , Satoh J Yasuo
Published: May 2006

The 1H-NMR spectra of the steroidal α-π-allyl palladium complexes in which palladium coordinated at the α-face showed higher field shift of C-19 methyl signal in C6D6 than in the case of CDCl3. The configuration of palladium in π-allyl palladium complexes was confirmed by this phenomenon.
Synthesis of (+)-3,4,8,9,13,14,18,19,23,24,28,29-Dodecaethoxy-1,6,11,16,21,26-hexaazacyclotriacontane. The First D6-Symmetry Organic Molecule with Known Absolute Configuration
Authors: Naemura Koichiro , Kanda Yuji , Yamanaka Masatoshi , Chikamatsu Hiroaki
Published: May 2006

The high-symmetry chiral macrocyclic polyamides and polyamines were synthesized by using (+)-tartaric acid as a chiral source. The title compound, one of the amines, is the first D6-symmetry organic molecule with known absolute configuration.
Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Aldehydes Promoted by the Combined Use of Chiral Diamine Coordinated Tin(II) Triflate and Tributyltin Fluoride
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: May 2006

Asymmetric aldol reaction of silyl enol ethers of thioesters with aldehydes is performed, in high enantiomeric exess by the use of a new chiral promoter, a combined use of chiral diamine coordinated tin(II) triflate and tributyltin fluoride.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Head-to-Head Bis(μ-2-pyridonato-N,O)bis[(ethylenediamine)palladium] Nitrate, [Pd2(en)2(C5H4NO)2](NO3)2
Authors: Suzuki Katsuhiko , Matsumoto Kazuko
Published: May 2006

A synthetic method for preparing exclusively the head-to-head isomer of a dimeric compound [Pd2(en)2(C5H4NO)2](NO3)2 has been reported. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of the compound confirmed the head-to-head structure. The complex is the first example of a head-to-head isomer for a doubly amidate-bridged Pd(II) dimer.
Carbenoid Type Reactions of a Stabilized Bismuthonium Ylide in the Presence of Copper Catalyst
Authors: Ogawa Takuji , Murafuji Toshihiro , Iwata Kazuhiko , Suzuki Hitomi
Published: May 2006

Triphenylbismuthonio-4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexan-1-ide reacts with 1-alkynes in the presence of small amounts of copper(I) chloride to form bicyclic furan derivatives probably via a carbenoid intermediate.
Preparation, Chiroptical Properties, and Chiral Recognition Ability of Carbamoylated Polyamides Having (−)-Anti Head-to-Head Coumarin Dimer Component
Authors: Saigo Kazuhiko , Nakamura Masataka , Adegawa Yutaka , Noguchi Shinya , Hasegawa Masaki
Published: May 2006

Optically active polyamides having (−)-anti head-to-head coumarin dimer component were easily carbamoylated by polymer reaction with isocyanates. The carbamoylated polyamides formed ordered conformations in the film state and showed high chiral recognition ability for racemates.
Spectroscopic Investigation of Methyl Viologen Radical Cation Included in β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Ata Masafumi , Aoyagi Makoto , Kubozono Yoshihiro , Gondo Yasuhiko
Published: May 2006

A stable β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with methyl viologen radical cation has been prepared in solution and in the form of polycrystalline powder, enabling us to study the ESR, electronic absorption, and induced circular dichroism spectra.
Divalent Cation Dependent Spectral Change in Merocyanine Monolayer
Authors: Yoneyama Mitsuru , Nagao Takumi , Murayama Tetsuo
Published: May 2006

The effect of divalent cation on chromophore aggregation in a merocyanine monolayer was studied by means of spectroscopic measurements. The absorption spectra for J-aggregates were found to be controlled by the nature of metal cation.
Preparations of Copper(I) Complexes Ligated with Novel Hindered Pyrazolylborates
Authors: Kitajima Nobumasa , Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Fujimoto Chisato , Moro-oka Yoshihiko
Published: May 2006

Novel hindered pyrazolylborates, HB(3,5-Ph2Pz)3− and HB(3,5-iPr2pz)3− were synthesized. Several copper(I) complexes ligated with these ligands were prepared and their properties are compared with the corresponding complexes with conventional pyrazolylborate as ligand.
Regiospecifically Bifunctional Cyclodextrins Having Two Amino Groups on Secondary Hydroxyl Side
Authors: Fujita Kahee , Egashira Yoshimitsu , Imoto Taiji , Fujioka Toshihiro , Mihashi Kunihide , Tahara Tsutomu , Koga Toshitaka
Published: May 2006

3A, 3X-diamino-3A, 3X-dideoxy-(2AS), (2XS), (3AR), (3XR)-α-cyclodextrins (X = B, X = C, and X = D) were prepared from the reactions of 2A, 3A; 2X 3X-dianhydro-(2AS), (2XS),α-cyclodextrins with aqueous ammonia.
Separation of Oxygen and Nitrogen Due to the Controlled Pore-opening Size of CVD Zeolite A
Authors: Niwa Miki , Yamazaki Kiyoshi , Murakami Yuichi
Published: May 2006

We modified zeolite A by the CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method using silicon methoxide; the CVD zeolite A adsorbs oxygen in preference to nitrogen because of the controlled pore-opening size. This behavior for the adsorption of oxygen and nitrogen is inverse to that usually observed on zeolite A.
Oxidation-Reduction Hydration of Olefins with Molecular Oxygen and 2-Propanol Catalyzed by Bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II)
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Isayama Shigeru , Inoki Satoshi , Kato Koji , Yamada Tohru , Takai Toshihiro
Published: May 2006

In the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II), various olefins are hydrated with oxygen and secondary alcohol to afford the corresponding alcohols together with alkanes and ketones via Oxidation-Reduction process. Effect of additives in the present hydration reaction shows that 2,6-lutidine and 2-picoline inhibit the production of alkanes in a large extent to result in the better yielding of alcohols.
A(1,3) strain-Controlled Cyclic Hydroboration of 1,4- and 1,5-Dienes
Authors: Yokoyama Yasushi , Kawashima Hideyuki , Masaki Hideo
Published: May 2006

Cyclic hydroboration of 4-cyclohexylidene-3-methyl-1-butene by thexylborane gave 1-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-1,4-butanediol in 96/4 anti/syn ratio in 72% yield. Similarly, 5-cyclohexylidene-4-methyl-1-pentene gave 1-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-1,5-pentanediol in 95/5 anti/syn selectivity in 47% yield by BH3. This reaction was applied to the stereoselective preparation of a cyclopentanone.
Correlation between the Configurational Structure and the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Δ1-, Δ2-, and Δ3 -Dehydrotripeptides
Authors: Shin Chung-gi , Ogawa Kazumichi , Morooka Katsuhiro , Yonezawa Yasuchika
Published: May 2006

The heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of Δ1 -dehydrotripeptides (Δ1 -DHP), which have a β-turn structure, was carried out to give the corresponding tripeptides indicative of the very large diastereomeric excess, comparing with those from Δ2- and Δ3 -DHPs. The efficient differences of the chiral inductions were found to be closely correlated to the configuration of the respective DHPs.
An Efficient Method for the Hofmann Degradation of Amides by Use of Benzyltrimethylammonium Tribromide
Authors: Kajigaeshi Shoji , Asano Kohichi , Fujisaki Shizuo , Kakinami Takaaki , Okamoto Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2006

The reaction of amides with a calculated amount of benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide in aqueous sodium hydroxide under mild conditions gave corresponding amines in fairly good yields.
Novel Synthesis of (S)-(−)-Chroman-2-carboxylic Acid, Vitamin E Precursor
Authors: Yoda Hidemi , Takabe Kunihiko
Published: May 2006

A new strategy to the synthesis of (S)-(−)-chroman-2-carboxylic acid, a pivotal intermediate possessing the absolute configuration required for the construction of α-tocopherol, was disclosed by utilizing asymmetric halolactonization of acylproline. Debromination followed by acidic hydrolysis directly afforded the title compound in 98% enantiomeric excess.
Reactivity of cis-Bis(dimethylphenylsilyl)bis(phosphine)platinum Complexes toward Unsaturated Compounds Relevant to Double Silylation
Authors: Kobayashi Toshi-aki , Hayashi Teruyuki , Yamashita Hiroshi , Tanaka Masato
Published: May 2006

The reaction of phenylacetylene, tolane, or isoprene with cis-bis(dimethylphenylsilyl)bis(methyldiphenylphosphine)platinum readily took place to result in 1,2- or 1,4- double silylation, respectively. Ethylene also underwent double silylation with the platinum complex, but styrene selectively gave E-2-(dimethylphenylsilyl)styrene.
Novel Halogen Exchange Reactions between Halosilanes and Rh(I) or Ir(I) Complexes
Authors: Yamashita Hiroshi , Kobayashi Toshi-aki , Hayashi Teruyuki , Tanaka Masato
Published: May 2006

Vaska-type complexes such as MCl(CO)L2 (M = Rh or Ir, L = tertiary phosphine) or the Wilkinson complex RhCl(PPh3)3 underwent halogen exchange reactions with halosilanes Me3SiX (X = Br, I) to give MX(CO)L2 or RhX(PPh3)3 respectively with the formation of Me3SiCl. The reaction of RhH(CO)(PPh3)3 with MeSiCl3 also afforded RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2.
Photoreaction of 2-Aryl-4-methylpent-2-enenitrile Giving 1-Aryl-1-cyano-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane. The Substituent Effect of 1,2-Hydrogen Migration
Authors: Kumagai Tsutomu , Segawa Toru , Miyashi Tsutomu , Mukai Toshio
Published: May 2006

The photorearrangement of 2-aryl-4-methylpent-2-enenitriles to arylcyclopropanes is discussed on the basis of substituent effect. The efficiency of 1,2-hydrogen migration is independent from an electronic effect of the substituent and correlated to the singlet energy of excited molecule.
Removal of Cyclic Di-t-butylsilanedlyl Protecting Groups Using Tributylamine Hydrofluoride (TBAHF) Reagent
Authors: Furusawa Kiyotaka
Published: May 2006

Cyclic di-t-butylsilanediyl protecting groups were rapidly and cleanly removed from 3′,5′-cyclic silanediyl nucleosides by a mild and convenient reagent, tributylamine hydrofluoride in tetrahydrofuran.
Bis(trifluoroacetylacetonato)cobalt(II) Catalyzed Oxidation-Reduction Hydration of Olefins Selective Formation of Alcohols from Olefins
Authors: Inoki Satoshi , Kato Koji , Takai Toshihiro , Isayama Shigeru , Yamada Tohru , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: May 2006

Various olefins are hydrated with molecular oxygen (oxidant) and a secondary alcohol (reductant) in the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(trifluoroacetylacetonato)cobalt(II) in good yields.
Preparation and Characterization of BiTaS3 a New Layered Ternary Sulfide
Authors: Oosawa Yoshinao , Gotoh Yoshito , Onoda Mitsuko
Published: May 2006

BiTaS3, a new layered ternary sulfide, has been prepared from the elements. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the sulfide is indexed on the basis of pseudo-orthorhombic cell with the lattice parameters of a = 6.10 Å, b = 38.3 Å, and c = 23.115 Å.
How Active p-Quinone Dianions Are as Proton Acceptors!
Authors: Uno Bunji , Kawabata Atsushi , Kano Kenji
Published: May 2006

Formation constants of two-point hydrogen-bonded complexes of p-quinone dianions with CH3OH (1:2) have been successfully determined to be of the order of 104 dm6 mol−2. The origin of high reactivity of the dianions toward proton donors has been clarified experimentally and theoretically.
Template Synthesis and Structure of a Dilead(II) Complex of a Macrocycle with N8O2 Donor Set
Authors: Sakiyama Hiroshi , Tokuyama Ken-ichi , Nishio Jun , Matsumoto Naohide , Okawa Hisashi
Published: May 2006

A new tetranucleating macrocycle (H2L) comprised of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and 1,8-diamino-3,6-dimethyl-3,6-diazaoctane in the 2:2 ratio was obtained as a lead(II) complex of the formula Pb2(H2L)(dmf)4(ClO4)4, whose crystal structure was determined by X-ray method.
Selective Reduction of NO with Propane on Gallium Ion-exchanged Zeolites
Authors: Yogo Katsunori , Tanaka Satoru , Ihara Michito , Hishiki Tatsuya , Kikuchi Eiichi
Published: May 2006

The reduction of NO with propane in the presence of excess oxygen was investigated using gallium ion-exchanged zeolite catalysts, among which ferrierite(Ga-ferrierite) and ZSM-5(Ga-ZSM-5) showed high activity in a wide range of reaction temperature.
Bi-functional Oxygen Electrode Using Large Surface Area Perovskite-type Oxide Catalyst for Rechargeable Metal-Air Batteries
Authors: Shimizu Youichi , Matsuda Haruyuki , Miura Norio , Yamazoe Noboru
Published: May 2006

Gas-diffusion electrodes loaded with large surface area perovskite-type oxides, La0.6Ca0.4Co0.8B′0.2O3 (B′ = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), were examined for the electro-chemical reduction and evolution of oxygen in 7 M KOH at 25 °C. The oxide with B′ = Fe gave the highest bi-functional performances, i.e., 200 mA/cm2 for the oxygen reduction in air and 300 mA/cm2 for the oxygen evolution at −150 and +620 mV vs. Hg/HgO, respectively, owing to its high catalytic activity for the decomposion of the HO2− intermediate.
Synthesis of (+)-Boronolide from d-Glucose
Authors: Nagano Hajime , Yasui Hiroe
Published: May 2006

(+)-Boronolide (= (1′R,2′R,3′S,6R)-5,6-dihydro-6-[1′,2′,3′-tris(acetoxy)heptyl]-2H-pyran-2-one) (1), a constituent isolated from Tetradenia fruticosa and T. barberae (Lamiaceae), was synthesized in 7 steps and in 5.2% overall yield from 2,3,4,5,6-penta-O-benzyl-d-glucose, whose four asymmetric centers were incorporated in 1.
Intermediates for Photoisomerization of a Butenylnaphthalene in the Presence of Electron Acceptors as Studied by Solvent Dependence of Magnetic Field Effects
Authors: Naitoh Kazuhiko , Oguchi Takahisa , Nakagaki Ryoichi , Arai Tatsuo , Sakuragi Hirochika , Tokumaru Katsumi , Nagakura Saburo
Published: May 2006

The external magnetic field effect as well as laser flash photolysis was employed to estimate the contribution of ion radical pairs to isomerization of trans-2-(3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl)naphthalene (t-BN) in the presence of an electron acceptor in various solvents. The precursor of isomerization, t-BN triplet, was produced most efficiently almost through an exciplex in chloroform (ε = 4.8) among the employed solvents.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Novel Copper(II) Analogue of the Hemerythrin Active Center
Authors: Tokii Tadashi , Nagamatsu Megumi , Hamada Hironobu , Nakashima Michio
Published: May 2006

A novel binuclear copper(II) complex with a μ-hydroxo-bis(μ-carboxylato)dicopper core has been prepared. The crystal structure of the complex consists of dimeric [Cu2(OH)(HCOO)2(bpy)2]+ cations. The magnetic susceptibility data of the complex revealed that a ferromagnetic spin interaction exists in this complex.
A Novel Method for Preparation of Glycerol Monoesters from Glycidyl Esters with Molecular Oxygen Catalyzed by Ni(II) Complex
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Imagawa Kiyomi , Yamada Tohru , Takai Toshihiro
Published: May 2006

In the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(3-methyl-2,4-pentanedionato)nickel(II) (Ni(mac)2), various glycidyl esters are converted into the corresponding glycerol monoester derivatives with molecular oxygen in good to high yields.
Simultaneous Measurements of Absorbance and Volume Changes of a Photoresponsive Polyacrylamide Microgel in Water
Authors: Ishikawa Masazumi , Misawa Hiroaki , Kitamura Noboru , Irie Masahiro , Masuhara Hiroshi
Published: May 2006

The dynamics of photostimulated volume expansion of a polyacrylamide microgel containing triphenylmethane leucocyanide (TPMCN) in water was studied by simultaneous measurements of the time response of absorbance of triphenylmethyl cation (Abs(t)) and the radius of the gel (R(t)). The time response of the degree of ionic dissociation of TPMCN (α(t)) in the gel was obtained by analyzing Abs(t) and R(t) for the first time. The change in R(t) was shown to be slower than that in α(t).
The Reaction of Disilylacetylenes with Cyclopentadienyl Manganese. Formation of Vinylidene Complexes by 1,2-Silyl Shift
Authors: Sakurai Hideki , Fujii Takeaki , Sakamoto Kenkichi
Published: May 2006

Both cyclic and acyclic acetylenes substituted by two silyl groups on each end undergo facile 1,2-silyl shift in the reaction with cyclopentadienyltricarbonylmanganese under photochemical conditions to give 2,2-disilylvinylidene complexes. Several interesting reactions of the novel complexes are described.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence of [Ru(diimine)3]2+-Ag+ Exciplex System
Authors: Tsubomura Taro , Igarashi Osamu , Morita Makoto
Published: May 2006

Circularly polarized luminescence of [Ru(diimine)3]2+-Ag+ exciplexes in aqueous solution (diimine = 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)) was studied. Remarkable enhancement of the emission dissymmetry factor gem is observed for the exciplex.
Enzymatic Oxidation Polymerization of o-Phenylenediamine
Authors: Kobayashi Shiro , Kaneko Isao , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: May 2006

Enzymatic oxidation polymerization of o-phenylenediamine using horseradish peroxidase as a catalyst was carried out in an aqueous organic solvent. Polymeric materials with average molecular weight of 20 000 were obtained. The structure of the polymer was found to be composed mainly from imino-2-aminophenylene unit from 13C NMR analysis.
Control of Ring-Junction Stereochemistry via Radical Cyclization. A New Construction of trans-Decalins
Authors: Kawaguchi Mami , Satoh Shoji , Mori Miwako , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: May 2006

A stereoselective synthesis of trans-decalins has been developed by use of regiocontrolled 6-endo-trig-radical cyclization of alkenyl bromides with an exo-methylene group in cyclohexane ring.
Preparation and Structure of Phosphono Sugar N-Glycosides
Authors: Yamashita Mitsuji , Iida Akihito , Ikai Koichi , Oshikawa Tatsuo , Hanaya Tadashi , Yamamoto Hiroshi
Published: May 2006

Treatment of 1-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide with N-bromoacetamide or bromine afforded threo and erythro bromohydrins, the latter being converted into novel N-glycosides by reaction with amines. The N-t-butyl phosphono sugar glycoside exists in the 2E conformation.
4,7-Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-4,7-dihydro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles. A Novel Type of Electron Donors Affording Organic Metals
Authors: Yamashita Yoshiro , Tanaka Shoji , Imaeda Kenichi , Inokuchi Hiroo , Sano Mizuka
Published: May 2006

The title compounds, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) analogues with a quinoid structure fused with a 1,2,5-thiadiazole ring, are strong electron donors, and the tetramethyl derivative gave highly conductive cation radical salts showing metallic temperature dependence down to 100 K.