bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Coal Gasification Coarse Slag as River Sand Replacement
Authors: Zhu Ziqi , Lian Xiaoqing , Zhai Xiaowei , Li Xiaojun , Guan Muhong , Wang Xiang
Published: October 2022

Coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) is a by-product of coal gasification. Despite its abundance, CGCS is mostly used in boiler blending, stacking, and landfill. Large-scale industrial applications of CGCS can be environment-friendly and cost saving. In this study, the application of CGCS as a substitute for river sand (RS) with different replacement ratios in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) was investigated. The effects of CGCS replacement ratios on the fluidity and mechanical properties of specimens were examined, and the effect mechanisms were explored on the basis of hydration products and the multi-scale (millimetre-scale and micrometre-scale) microstructure analysis obtained through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. With an increase in the CGCS replacement ratio, the water–binder ratio (w/b), flexural strength, and compressive strength decreased. Specimens containing CGCS of ≤25% can satisfy the strength requirement of non-structural UHPC, with flexure strength of 29 MPa and compressive strength of 111 MPa at day 28. According to the XRD results and multi-scale microstructure analysis, amorphous glass beads in CGCS positively influenced ettringite generation due to the pozzolanic activity. Porous carbon particles in CGCS showed strong interfacial bonding with cement slurry due to internal hydration; this bonding was conducive to improving the mechanical strength. However, CGCS hindered hydration in the later curing stage, leading to an increase in the unreacted cement and agglomeration of fly ash; in addition, at a CGCS replacement ratio of up to 50%, an apparent interfacial transition zone structure was observed, which was the main contributor to mechanical strength deterioration.
Development of Shrimp Freshness Indicating Films by Embedding Anthocyanins-Rich Rhododendron simsii Flower Extract in Locust Bean Gum/Polyvinyl Alcohol Matrix
Authors: Li Chenchen , Yun Dawei , Wang Zeyu , Xu Fengfeng , Tang Chao , Liu Jun
Published: October 2022

Freshness indicating films containing anthocyanins are one type of smart packaging technology. Anthocyanins in the films can show visual color changes when food spoilage occurs, thereby indicating the freshness degree of food in real-time. Rhododendron simsii is a landscape plant with attractive flowers that are abundant in anthocyanins. In this study, smart packaging films were prepared by embedding 2% and 4% R. simsii flower anthocyanins (RA) in locust bean gum- (LBG) and polyvinyl alcohol- (PVA) based matrices. The micro-structure, barrier, mechanical, thermal, antioxidant, and color-changeable properties of the films were determined. The potential application of the films in indicating the freshness of shrimp at 4 °C was also investigated. Results showed that the RA interacted with the LBG/PVA matrices through hydrogen bonds, which significantly improved the barrier, mechanical, thermal, antioxidant, pH-sensitive, and ammonia-sensitive properties of the films. Meanwhile, the performance of the films was remarkably influenced by the content of the RA. The film containing 4% RA had the highest light blocking ability, tensile strength (38.32 MPa), elongation at break (58.18%), and antioxidant activity, and also showed the lowest water vapor permeability (22.10 × 10−11 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1) and oxygen permeability (0.36 cm3 mm m−2 day−1 atm−1). The films containing 2% and 4% RA could effectively change their colors when the level of total volatile basic nitrogen in the shrimp exceeded the safe value, which demonstrated the suitability of the films for indicating the freshness degree of shrimp.
Fertilization Control System Research in Orchard Based on the PSO-BP-PID Control Algorithm
Authors: Wan Chang , Yang Jiawei , Zhou Ling , Wang Shuo , Peng Jie , Tan Yu
Published: October 2022

In order to improve the precision of the variable-rate fertilization system in orchards, this paper conducted a simulation by MATLAB and experimental research based on a variable-rate fertilization experiment platform. The variable-rate fertilization experimental platform was mainly composed of a power supply, DC motors, a PPC-15A1 on-board computer that contains a PCI8932 PC-DAQ, speed sensors, fertilizer dischargers, and a NAV60 module that can receive Beidou Navigation Satellite System positioning data. According to the fertilizer application mechanism of an external grooved wheel fertilizer applicator, the control system model of the variable-rate fertilization driven by the DC motor for orchards was established. A BP neural network adaptive PID controller based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) was proposed to improve the control precision of the system. The step response simulation results by MATLAB show that the overshoot of the BP-PID controller optimized by the PSO algorithm (PSO-BP-PID) is 12.7%, and the adjustment time is 0.557 s. The variable-rate fertilization experiments were conducted, in which the control system was tested by using the PSO-BP-PID controller. The variable fertilizer seeder control system of the Chinese national standard was adopted to evaluate the performance indexes of the system, such as the range of fertilizer amount adjustment, the response time of fertilizer amount adjustment, and the control precision of fertilizer amount. In the variable rate fertilization experiments, the average fertilization errors, respectively, are 1.16% and 1.07%, under the conditions of changing the target fertilization amount and the vehicle speed. The test results are consistent with the simulation results, and the variable-rate fertilization performance parameters are improved.
Binary Feature Description of 3D Point Cloud Based on Retina-like Sampling on Projection Planes
Authors: Yan Zhiqiang , Wang Hongyuan , Liu Xiang , Ning Qianhao , Lu Yinxi
Published: October 2022

A binary feature description and registration algorithm for a 3D point cloud based on retina-like sampling on projection planes (RSPP) are proposed in this paper. The algorithm first projects the point cloud within the support radius around the key point to the XY, YZ, and XZ planes of the Local Reference Frame (LRF) and performs retina-like sampling on the projection plane. Then, the binarized Gaussian density weight values at the sampling points are calculated and encoded to obtain the RSPP descriptor. Finally, rough registration of point clouds is performed based on the RSPP descriptor, and the RANSAC algorithm is used to optimize the registration results. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on public point cloud datasets. The test results show that the RSPP-based point cloud registration algorithm has a good registration effect under no noise, 0.25 mr, and 0.5 mr Gaussian noise. The experimental results verify the correctness and robustness of the proposed registration method, which can provide theoretical and technical support for the 3D point cloud registration application.
The Mathematical Culture in Test Items of National College Entrance Examination in China from 1978 to 2021
Authors: Lei Peiyao , Kong Wenqing , Han Su , Lv Sunzhong , Wang Xiaoqin
Published: October 2022

As one of the most important examinations in China, the National College Entrance Examination (commonly known as the Gaokao, hereafter denoted Gaokao) has a long history and has attracted attention from the Chinese educational community, among others. This study focused on mathematics test items of the Gaokao from the perspective of mathematical culture and examined the national papers (drafted by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China) of tests from 1978 to 2021 in order to investigate the content and time variation characteristics of mathematics test items reflecting mathematical culture since its restoration. A mathematical culture categorization conceptual framework was established based on previous studies and was applied to test item analysis. Mathematical culture in test items was classified using four categories: Historical Topics, Interdisciplinary Connections, Social Roles, and Aesthetics & Recreation. These were used for data coding and analysis. The results showed that mathematical culture in the mathematics test items of the Gaokao over a 44-year period, in terms of content categories, was diverse but uneven in distribution, with greater focus on demonstrating the social roles of mathematics and less on the historical development of mathematical knowledge. Moreover, the average number of items with mathematical culture during this period was small and fluctuated over time. The content of topics related to social context and technology also changed over time with the distinct characteristics of the times and changes in society. This study provides empirical evidence on how mathematical culture is integrated into test items and how they have changed over time.
Recovery Analysis and Maintenance Priority of Metro Networks Based on Importance Measure
Authors: Dui Hongyan , Yang Yuheng , Zhang Yun-an , Zhu Yawen
Published: October 2022

The metro network plays a vital role in the urban transportation system. However, the metro network is easily damaged by humans and natural disturbances. This can cause serious economic damage, such as the suspension of metro station operations and line disruptions. Therefore, we conducted this study in order to minimize the loss caused by the damage to the metro network and improve the performance of the network after recovery. Based on the cascading failures of metro networks, this paper proposes a recovery model for metro networks considering the value of time. Then, considering the time value, a new node importance measure is proposed using the determination of maintenance priorities. The maintenance priorities of nodes with different importance values are investigated to minimize network losses. Lastly, the applicability of the method is verified by a metro network in Zhengzhou city.
An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Continuous Assessment on the Final Exam Mark
Authors: Morales María , Salmerón Antonio , Maldonado Ana D. , Masegosa Andrés R. , Rumí Rafael
Published: October 2022

Since the Bologna Process was adopted, continuous assessment has been a cornerstone in the curriculum of most of the courses in the different degrees offered by the Spanish Universities. Continuous assessment plays an important role in both students’ and lecturers’ academic lives. In this study, we analyze the effect of the continuous assessment on the performance of the students in their final exams in courses of Statistics at the University of Almería. Specifically, we study if the performance of a student in the continuous assessment determines the score obtained in the final exam of the course in such a way that this score can be predicted in advance using the continuous assessment performance as an explanatory variable. After using and comparing some powerful statistical procedures, such as linear, quantile and logistic regression, artificial neural networks and Bayesian networks, we conclude that, while the fact that a student passes or fails the final exam can be properly predicted, a more detailed forecast about the grade obtained is not possible.
Marine-Derived Compounds Targeting Topoisomerase II in Cancer Cells: A Review
Authors: Greco Giulia , Pellicioni Valentina , Cruz-Chamorro Ivan , Attisani Giuseppe , Stefanelli Claudio , Fimognari Carmela
Published: October 2022

Cancer affects more than 19 million people and is the second leading cause of death in the world. One of the principal strategies used in cancer therapy is the inhibition of topoisomerase II, involved in the survival of cells. Side effects and adverse reactions limit the use of topoisomerase II inhibitors; hence, research is focused on discovering novel compounds that can inhibit topoisomerase II and have a safer toxicological profile. Marine organisms are a source of secondary metabolites with different pharmacological properties including anticancer activity. The objective of this review is to present and discuss the pharmacological potential of marine-derived compounds whose antitumor activity is mediated by topoisomerase II inhibition. Several compounds derived from sponges, fungi, bacteria, ascidians, and other marine sources have been demonstrated to inhibit topoisomerase II. However, some studies only report docking interactions, whereas others do not fully explain the mechanisms of topoisomerase II inhibition. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed, as well as a careful toxicological profile evaluation with a focus on cancer cell selectivity.
Metabolomic Profiles Associated with Obesity and Periodontitis during Pregnancy: Cross-Sectional Study with Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR)-Based Analysis
Authors: Foratori-Junior Gerson Aparecido , Guennec Adrien Le , Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly da Silva , Cleaver Leanne , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Carpenter Guy Howard , Sales-Peres Silvia Helena de Carvalho
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to elucidate the metabolomic signature associated with obesity and periodontitis during pregnancy in plasma and saliva biofluids. Ninety-eight pregnant women were divided into: with obesity and periodontitis (OP = 20), with obesity but without periodontitis (OWP = 27), with normal BMI but with periodontitis (NP = 21), with normal BMI and without periodontitis (NWP = 30). Saliva and plasma were analyzed by 1H-NMR for metabolites identification. Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Sparse PLS-DA (sPLS-DA), and Variable Importance of Projection (VIP) were performed. ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation were applied (p < 0.05). Plasmatic analysis indicated the levels of glucose (p = 0.041) and phenylalanine (p = 0.015) were positively correlated with periodontal parameters and BMI, respectively. In saliva, periodontitis was mainly associated with high levels of acetic acid (p = 0.024), isovaleric acid, butyric acid, leucine, valine, isoleucine, and propionic acid (p < 0.001). High salivary concentrations of glycine (p = 0.015), succinic acid (p = 0.015), and lactate (p = 0.026) were associated with obesity. Saliva demonstrated a more elucidative difference than plasma, indicating the glucose-alanine cycle, alanine metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, glutamate metabolism, and Warburg effect as the main metabolic pathways.
Opportunities and Hurdles to the Adoption and Enhanced Efficacy of Feed Additives towards Pronounced Mitigation of Enteric Methane Emissions from Ruminant Livestock
Authors: Ungerfeld Emilio M.
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes the mitigation of enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants with the use of feed additives inhibiting rumen methanogenesis to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5 °C. A mathematical simulation conducted herein predicted that pronounced inhibition of rumen methanogenesis with pure chemicals or bromoform-containing algae with an efficacy higher than that obtained in most studies can be important to limiting global temperature increase by 2050 to 1.5 °C but will likely need to be accompanied by improved production efficiency and other mitigation measures. Currently, the most important limitations to the adoption of antimethanogenic feed additives are increased feeding cost without a consistent return in production efficiency and achieving sustained delivery of inhibitors to grazing animals, especially in extensive systems. Economic incentives could be applied in some countries to favor adoption of inhibitors. Changes in rumen microbial and whole animal metabolism caused by inhibiting methanogenesis could potentially be used to make the methanogenesis inhibition intervention cost-effective, although research in this direction is unlikely to yield results in the short term. Future research directions to maximize the adoption and efficacy of inhibitors of methanogenesis are examined.
Sensors for Detection of the Synthetic Dye Rhodamine in Environmental Monitoring Based on SERS
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Tran Truc , Nguyen Thuy-An , Huong Vu Thi , Tho Le Hong , Anh Do Thao , Ta Hanh Kieu Thi , Huy Tran Huu , Trinh Kieu The Loan , Tran Nhu Hoa Thi
Published: October 2022

This article presents a review of many types of SERS sensors for food safety and environmental pollution monitoring based on detecting rhodamine. It introduces the basic concepts of substrates, enhancement factors, and mechanisms, devices’ sensors integrated with the microstructure. Here, we review the state-of-the-art research in the field of rhodamine monitoring and highlight the applications of SERS sensors. The trends in the development of substrates for different applications have been mentioned with the aim of providing an overview of the development of different SERS substrates. Thus, an efficient approach for rhodamine detection has a good perspective for application in environmental monitoring.
2,5-Diketo-D-Gluconate Hyperproducing Gluconobacter sphaericus SJF2-1 with Reporting Multiple Genes Encoding the Membrane-Associated Flavoprotein-Cytochrome c Complexed Dehydrogenases
Authors: Son Haelim , Han Sang-Uk , Lee Kyoung
Published: October 2022

Gluconobacter sphaericus has not yet been used in biotransformation studies. In this study, G. sphaericus SJF2-1, which produces a diffusible pigment, was isolated from grape. The spent culture medium became dark black when the cells were grown in medium containing glucose and then autoclaved. This bacterium produced 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate (2,5-DKG) from D-glucose and D-gluconate. When 5% D-glucose was used, the conversion efficiency was approximately 52.4% in a flask culture. 2,5-DKG is a precursor of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, which is a key intermediate in the industrial production of L-ascorbic acid. The complete genome sequence of G. sphaericus SJF2-1 was determined for the first time in the G. sphaericus species. The total size was 3,198,086 bp, with 2867 protein-coding sequences; one chromosome and six plasmids were identified. From the genome of SJF2-1, multiple genes homologous to those involved in the conversion of D-glucose to 2,5-DKG were identified. In particular, six different genes encoding membrane-associated flavoprotein-cytochrome c complexed dehydrogenase were identified and divided into two different lineages. This study suggests the potential of G. sphaericus SJF2-1 to mass-produce 2,5-DKG and other D-glucose oxidation products.
Citrullus colocynthis-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antiproliferative Action against Breast Cancer Cells and Bactericidal Roles against Human Pathogens
Authors: Rasool Shafqat , Tayyeb Asima , Raza Muhammad Akram , Ashfaq Hanfa , Perveen Sadia , Kanwal Zakia , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad , Abbas Nadeem , Ahmad Naushad , Alomar Suliman Yousef
Published: October 2022

The present study investigated the biomedical potential of eco-friendly Citrullus colocynthis-mediated silver nanoparticles (Cc-AgNPs). The antibacterial efficacy of Cc-AgNPs was evaluated against two multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antiproliferative and antilipidemic performance of the prepared particles was determined against the MCF7 cell line, a breast cancer cell line. The in vitro antibacterial assay revealed that Cc-AgNPs induced dose-dependent bactericidal activity, as a considerable increase in the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was noted at higher concentrations. Reduced proliferation, migration, spheroid size, and colony formation exhibited the substantial antiproliferative potential of Cc-AgNPs against MCF7 cells. Significant alterations in the expression of cell surface markers, apoptosis, and cell proliferation genes further confirmed the antiproliferative impact of Cc-AgNPs. Moreover, Cc-AgNPs exhibited antilipidemic activity by reducing cellular cholesterol and triglyceride levels and regulating key genes involved in lipogenesis. In conclusion, these results propose that Cc-AgNPs can be employed as a potent tool for future antibacterial and anticancer applications
Toward Clean and Economic Production of Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Module Using a Cost-Effective and Low Toxic Aqueous Lead-Nitrate Precursor
Authors: Teng Yi-Chen , Su Tzu-Sen , Lan Shiang , Musa Ahmed Fouad , Wei Tzu-Chien
Published: October 2022

Toxic substance usage remains one of the major concerns that must be addressed toward the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Herein, we report a highly efficient perovskite solar module (>13%) fabricated via a wet process that uses a unique aqueous Pb(NO3)2 precursor, eliminating the use of toxic organic solvents during perovskite film preparation. In addition, we demonstrate a unique pattern in a monolithically interconnected module structure to check the uniformity of perovskite film and the quality of laser scribing. Finally, we highlight that this aqueous Pb(NO3)2 precursor protocol could achieve an enormous cost reduction over conventional PbI2 organic solutions whether in the laboratory research stage or at mass production scale, strengthening the core competitiveness of perovskite solar cells in the Darwinian ocean of photovoltaic technologies.
A Nano Refractive Index Sensing Structure for Monitoring Hemoglobin Concentration in Human Body
Authors: Zhou Guoquan , Yan Shubin , Chen Lili , Zhang Xiaoyu , Shen Lifang , Liu Pengwei , Cui Yang , Liu Jilai , Li Tingsong , Ren Yifeng
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes a nanosensor structure consisting of a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide with a rectangular root and a double-ring (SRRDR) with a rectangular cavity. In this paper, the cause and internal mechanism of Fano resonance are investigated by the finite element method (FEM), and the transport characteristics are optimized by changing various parameters of the structure. The results show that the structure can achieve double Fano resonance. Due to the destructive disturbance between the wideband mode of the inverted rectangle on the bus waveguide and the narrowband mode of the SRRDR, the output spectrum of the system shows an obvious asymmetric Fano diagram, and the structural parameters of the sensor have a great influence on the Fano resonance. By changing the sensitive parameters, the optimal sensitivity of the refractive index nanosensor is 2280 nm/RIU, and the coefficient of excellence (FOM) is 76.7. In addition, the proposed high-sensitivity nanosensor will be used to detect hemoglobin concentration in blood, which has positive applications for biosensors and has great potential for future nanosensing and optical integration systems.
Diet, Exercise, and the Metabolic Syndrome: Enrollment of the Mitochondrial Machinery
Authors: Silvestri Elena , Giacco Antonia
Published: October 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of metabolic risk factors, ranging from abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [...]
Supplementation of Probiotics in Pregnant Women Targeting Group B Streptococcus Colonization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Menichini Daniela , Chiossi Giuseppe , Monari Francesca , De Seta Francesco , Facchinetti Fabio
Published: October 2022

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine if probiotic supplementation in pregnancy reduced maternal Group B streptococcus (GBS) recto-vaginal colonization in pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation. Electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from inception up to February 2022. We included RCTs assessing the effects of probiotic supplementation in pregnancy on GBS recto-vaginal colonization. The primary outcome was GBS-positive recto-vaginal cultures performed at 35–37 weeks of gestation. Secondarily, we evaluated obstetric and short-term neonatal outcomes. A total of 132 publications were identified; 9 full-length articles were reviewed to finally include 5 studies. Probiotic supplementation reduced vaginal GBS colonization: the GBS positive culture rate was estimated at 31.9% (96/301) in the intervention group compared to 38.6% (109/282) in the control group (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.94, I2 4.8%, p = 0.38). The treatment started after 30 weeks of gestation and was more effective in reducing GBS colonization (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.78, I2 0%, p = 0.55). Probiotic administration during pregnancy, namely in the third trimester, was associated with a reduced GBS recto-vaginal colonization at 35–37 weeks and a safe perinatal profile. Whether this new strategy could reduce the exposition of pregnant women to significant doses of antibiotics in labor needs to be evaluated in other trials.
Diet Quality among Students Attending an Australian University Is Compromised by Food Insecurity and Less Frequent Intake of Home Cooked Meals. A Cross-Sectional Survey Using the Validated Healthy Eating Index for Australian Adults (HEIFA-2013)
Authors: Shi Yumeng , Grech Amanda , Allman-Farinelli Margaret
Published: October 2022

Poor diet quality is commonly reported in young adults. This study aimed to measure the diet quality of students attending a large Australian university (including domestic and international students), and to examine the effect of food security status and other key factors likely to impact their diet quality. Using the Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall Australian version, a cross-sectional survey collected dietary recalls from domestic and international students in one university in Sydney. Diet quality was assessed using the validated Healthy Eating Index for Australian Adults (HEIFA-2013) which gives a score out of 100. Food security status was measured by the 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module. Differences in the mean HEIFA-2013 scores by student characteristics were determined by analysis of covariance. A total of 141 students completed one dietary recall. The mean HEIFA-2013 score for students was low (mean 52.4, 95% CI 50.0–54.8). Food-insecure students had a poorer diet quality (mean 43.7, 95% CI 35.7–51.8) than their food-secure peers (mean 53.2, 95% CI 50.8–55.7, p = 0.027). The mean HEIFA-2013 score was similar in domestic (mean 52.5, 95% CI 49.9–55.2) and international students (mean 51.9, 95% CI 46.3–57.5, p = 0.845). Those reporting self-perceived excellent cooking skills and higher cooking frequency had better diet quality. Interventions to improve food and nutrition knowledge and skills and address food insecurity may help tertiary education students cook more frequently and achieve better diet quality.
Symptoms of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder among 2–10-Year-Old Children: The Significance of Maternal Feeding Style and Maternal Eating Disorders
Authors: Brytek-Matera Anna , Ziółkowska Beata , Ocalewski Jarosław
Published: October 2022

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the feeding style and core behavioral features of eating disorders of mothers are related to the symptoms of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) among their children. This study involved 207 mothers of children aged 2 to 10 years (Mage = 5.82 ± 2.59 years), of which 19.32% were children with neurodevelopmental disorders and 22.71% were children with chronic diseases (e.g., allergy, asthma, diabetes). The mothers were asked to complete the ARFID Parents Questionnaire–Parents Report (ARFID-Q-PR), the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire (PFSQ) and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Our findings revealed that both the maternal feeding style and core behavioral features of eating disorders were associated with ARFID symptoms among their 2–10-year-old children. While biological factors increase the risk of feeding/nutrition difficulties, the maternal attitude towards feeding and eating behavior may play a relevant role in children’s eating behavior.
Does Human Papillomavirus Infection Influence the Frequency and Severity of Nutritional Disorders in Head and Neck Cancer?
Authors: Mazurek Marcin , Mlak Radosław , Kot Agata , Rahnama-Hezavah Mansur , Małecka-Massalska Teresa
Published: October 2022

Background: About 87% of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients (mostly oropharyngeal cancer—OPC) are infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). Recent studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between HPV infection and nutritional disorders in HNC patients. Therefore, we formed a hypothesis that nutritional disorders or their severity in HNC patients may be associated with the occurrence of HPV infection due to known molecular differences in involved tissue. This literature review aimed to evaluate the influence of HPV infection on the occurrence and severity of nutritional disorders in HNC patients. Materials and Methods: The PubMed database was used to search papers with the keywords “HPV”, “HNC”, and “nutritional disorders” in different variants and combinations. Conclusions: The data available in the discussed papers indicate, among other things, that HPV−positive patients may be at higher risk of malnutrition, critical weight loss, and necessity for gastrostomy after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (C-RT). It should be highlighted that despite some studies demonstrating positive results, currently available data regarding the influence of HPV infection on the occurrence and severity of nutritional disorders in HNC remain limited and inconclusive, and thus further research on this issue is warranted.
Overcoming Challenges in Pediatric Formulation with a Patient-Centric Design Approach: A Proof-of-Concept Study on the Design of an Oral Solution of a Bitter Drug
Authors: Ogbonna John Dike N. , Cunha Edite , Attama Anthony A. , Ofokansi Kenneth C. , Ferreira Helena , Pinto Susana , Gomes Joana , Marx Ítala M. G. , Peres António M. , Lobo José Manuel Sousa , Almeida Isabel F.
Published: October 2022

Designing oral formulations for children is very challenging, especially considering their peculiarities and preferences. The choice of excipients, dosing volume and palatability are key issues of pediatric oral liquid medicines. The purpose of the present study is to develop an oral pediatric solution of a model bitter drug (ranitidine) following a patient centric design process which includes the definition of a target product profile (TPP). To conclude on the matching of the developed solution to TPP, its chemical and microbiological stability was analyzed over 30 days (stored at 4 °C and room temperature). Simulation of use was accomplished by removing a sample with a syringe every day. Taste masking was assessed by an electronic tongue. The developed formulation relied on a simple taste masking strategy consisting in a mixture of sweeteners (sodium saccharine and aspartame) and 0.1% sodium chloride, which allowed a higher bitterness masking effectiveness in comparison with simple syrup. The ranitidine solution was stable for 30 days stored at 4 °C. However, differences were noted between the stability protocols (unopened recipient and in-use stability) showing the contribution of the simulation of use to the formation of degradation products. Stock solution was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, heat degradation and a photo degradation stability assessment. The developed pediatric solution matched the TPP in all dimensions, namely composition suitable for children, preparation and handling adapted to hospital pharmaceutical compounding and adequate stability and quality. According to the results, in-use stability protocols should be preferred in the stability evaluation of pediatric formulations.
Films, Gels and Electrospun Fibers from Serum Albumin Globular Protein for Medical Device Coating, Biomolecule Delivery and Regenerative Engineering
Authors: Mahdipour Elahe , Mequanint Kibret
Published: October 2022

Albumin is a natural biomaterial that is abundantly available in blood and body fluids. It is clinically used as a plasma expander, thereby increasing the plasma thiol concentration due to its cysteine residues. Albumin is a regulator of intervascular oncotic pressure, serves as an anti-inflammatory modulator, and it has a buffering role due to its histidine imidazole residues. Because of its unique biological and physical properties, albumin has also emerged as a suitable biomaterial for coating implantable devices, for cell and drug delivery, and as a scaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. As a biomaterial, albumin can be used as surface-modifying film or processed either as cross-linked protein gels or as electrospun fibers. Herein we have discussed how albumin protein can be utilized in regenerative medicine as a hydrogel and as a fibrous mat for a diverse role in successfully delivering drugs, genes, and cells to targeted tissues and organs. The review of prior studies indicated that albumin is a tunable biomaterial from which different types of scaffolds with mechanical properties adjustable for various biomedical applications can be fabricated. Based on the progress made to date, we concluded that albumin-based device coatings, delivery of drugs, genes, and cells are promising strategies in regenerative and personalized medicine.
Construction and Evaluation of a Novel Organic Anion Transporter 1/3 CRISPR/Cas9 Double-Knockout Rat Model
Authors: Gou Xueyan , Ran Fenglin , Yang Jinru , Ma Yanrong , Wu Xin’an
Published: October 2022

Background: Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and OAT3 have an overlapping spectrum of substrates such that one can exert a compensatory effect when the other is dysfunctional. As a result, the knockout of either OAT1 or OAT3 is not reflected in a change in the excretion of organic anionic substrates. To date, only the mOAT1 and mOAT3 individual knockout mouse models have been available. Methods: In this study, we successfully generated a Slc22a6/Slc22a8 double-knockout (KO) rat model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and evaluated its biological properties. Results: The double-knockout rat model did not expression mRNA for rOAT1 or rOAT3 in the kidneys. Consistently, the renal excretion of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH), the classical substrate of OAT1/OAT3, was substantially decreased in the Slc22a6/Slc22a8 double-knockout rats. The relative mRNA level of Slco4c1 was up-regulated in KO rats. No renal pathological phenotype was evident. The renal elimination of the organic anionic drug furosemide was nearly abolished in the Slc22a6/Slc22a8 knockout rats, but elimination of the organic cationic drug metformin was hardly affected. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that this rat model is a useful tool for investigating the functions of OAT1/OAT3 in metabolic diseases, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, and OATs-mediated drug interactions.
Response of Skin-Derived and Metastatic Human Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines to Thymoquinone and Thymoquinone-Loaded Liposomes
Authors: Kłos Patrycja , Perużyńska Magdalena , Baśkiewicz-Hałasa Magdalena , Skupin-Mrugalska Paulina , Majcher Małgorzata , Sawczuk Magdalena , Szostak Bartosz , Droździk Marek , Machaliński Bogusław , Chlubek Dariusz
Published: October 2022

Thymoquinone has been proved to be effective against neoplasms, including skin cancer. Its high lipophilicity, however, may limit its potential use as a drug. Melanoma remains the deadliest of all skin cancers worldwide, due to its high heterogeneity, depending on the stage of the disease. Our goal was to compare the anti-cancer activity of free thymoquinone and thymoquinone-loaded liposomes on two melanoma cell lines that originated from different stages of this cancer: skin-derived A375 and metastatic WM9. We evaluated the proapoptotic effects of free thymoquinone by flow cytometry and Western blot, and its mitotoxicity by means of JC-1 assay. Additionally, we compared the cytotoxicity of free thymoquinone and thymoquinone in liposomes by WST-1 assay. Our results revealed a higher antiproliferative effect of TQ in WM9 cells, whereas its higher proapoptotic activity was observed in the A375 cell line. Moreover, the thymoquinone-loaded liposome was proved to exert stronger cytotoxic effect on both cell lines studied than free thymoquinone. Differences in the response of melanoma cells derived from different stages of the disease to thymoquinone, as well as their different responses to free and carrier-delivered thymoquinone, are essential for the development of new anti-melanoma therapies. However, further research is required to fully understand them.
Shedding a Light on Acyclovir Pharmacodynamics: A Retrospective Analysis on Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modelling of Acyclovir for the Treatment of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in Immunocompromised Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Grit Geeske F. , Märtson Anne-Grete , Knoester Marjolein , Toren-Wielema Marlous L. , Touw Daan J.
Published: October 2022

Background: Acyclovir and valacyclovir are used for the treatment and prophylaxis of infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV). The aim of this study is to provide insight into the pharmacodynamics (PD) of (val)acyclovir. Methods: Patients were retrospectively selected, based on therapeutic drug monitoring for acyclovir, to create a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model in Pmetrics. This PK model was used to develop a PK/PD model to study the effect of acyclovir levels on VZV viral load in plasma in immunocompromised patients. Results: Immunocompromised patients with known VZV viral loads in plasma were included for PK/PD modelling (N = 4, with 23 measure points); they were part of the population of 43 patients used for PK model building. The PK/PD model described the data well (r2 = 0.83). This is a hopeful first step in clarifying the pharmacodynamics of acyclovir; however, the data in this study are limited. Conclusions: Our preliminary PK/PD model can be used in further research to determine the effect of acyclovir levels on VZV viral load.
Permacinema
Authors: Pick Anat , Dymond Chris
Published: October 2022

This article charts the contiguity of farming and film, blending permaculture and cinema to advance a modality of sustainable film theory and practice we call “permacinema.” As an alternative approach to looking and labour, permaculture exhibits a suite of cinematic concerns, and offers a model for cinematic creativity that is environmentally accountable and sensitive to multispecies entanglements. Through the peaceable gestures of cultivation and restraint, permacinema proposes an ecologically attentive philosophy of moving images in accordance with permaculture’s three ethics: care of earth, care of people, and fair share. We focus on work by Indigenous artists in which plants are encountered not only as raw material or as aesthetic resource but as ingenious agents and insightful teachers whose pedagogical and creative inputs are welcomed into the filmmaking process. By integrating Indigenous epistemologies and cosmologies we hope to situate permacinema in the wider project of cinema’s decolonization and rewilding.
Silica-Filled Polyacrylonitrile Solutions: Rheology, Morphology, Coagulation, and Fiber Spinning
Authors: Varfolomeeva Lydia A. , Skvortsov Ivan Y. , Kuzin Mikhail S. , Kulichikhin Valery G.
Published: October 2022

The fumed silica influence on the morphology, coagulation processes, and rheological properties of suspensions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)–DMSO solutions has been studied for the production of composite films and fibers. It has been shown that silica–DMSO concentrated suspensions (24 wt%) form a weak gel with a yield point of about 200 Pa. At concentrations of ~5 wt% and above the dispersions, depending on the shear stress, are pseudoplastic or dilatant liquids. It has been found that the silica addition method into a PAN solution has a significant impact on the aggregates dispersibility and the rheological behavior of the obtained systems. A thixotropy appearance and a sharp increase in the relaxation time were observed for PAN solutions at a SiO2 content of more than 3−5 wt%, which indicates the formation of structures with a gel-like rheological behavior. Upon reaching the critical stress their destruction takes place and the system starts to behave like a viscoelastic liquid. Two spinning methods have been used for preparing fibers: standard wet and mechanotropic. By the mechanotropic method it is possible to achieve a higher draw ratio at spinning and to obtain fibers with better mechanical properties. It is possible to spin fibers from PAN solutions containing up to 15 wt% of silica per polymer with a tensile strength up to 600 MPa.
Construction of Photoinitiator Functionalized Spherical Nanoparticles Enabling Favorable Photoinitiating Activity and Migration Resistance for 3D Printing
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Chen Fan , Zhu Weixin , Chen Luoyi , Liang Yingyu , Guo Xiaohui
Published: October 2022

A straight-forward method was exploited to construct a multifunctional hybrid photoinitiator by supporting 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (HMPP) onto a nano-silica surface through a chemical reaction between silica and HMPP by using (3-isocyanatopropyl)-triethoxysilane (IPTS) as a bridge, and this was noted as silica-s-HMPP. The novel hybrid-photoinitiator can not only initiate the photopolymerization but also prominently improve the dispersion of nanoparticles in the polyurethane acrylate matrix and enhance the filler-elastomer interfacial interaction, which results in excellent mechanical properties of UV-cured nanocomposites. Furthermore, the amount of extractable residual photoinitiators in the UV-cured system of silica-s-HPMM shows a significant decrease compared with the original HPMM system. Since endowing the silica nanoparticle with photo-initiated performance and fairly lower mobility, it may lead to a reduction in environmental contamination compared to traditional photoinitators. In addition, the hybrid-photoinitiator gives rise to an accurate resolution object with a complex construction and favorable surface morphology, indicating that multifunctional nanosilica particles can be applied in stereolithographic 3D printing.
Development of a Novel Biobased Polyurethane Resin System for Structural Composites
Authors: Echeverria-Altuna Oihane , Ollo Olatz , Larraza Izaskun , Elizetxea Cristina , Harismendy Isabel , Eceiza Arantxa
Published: October 2022

Polyurethanes are gaining increasing interest for their use as structural components subjected to cyclic loads, such as leaf springs. Thermoset polyurethane (PUR) based technology offers some advantages, such as fatigue resistance, low viscosity, and fast curing. However, current PUR formulations present two major drawbacks: their petrochemical origin and high reactivity. The aim of this work was to develop a novel biobased PUR (BIO-PUR) with the required mechanical properties and processability for manufacturing structural composites by resin transfer moulding (RTM). For this purpose, a high functionality and high hydroxyl index castor-oil-based polyol was used combined with a biobased glycerol (BIO-Gly) to increase the crosslinking density and improve the final properties of the BIO-PUR. The viscosity and reactivity of the different systems were studied by means of rheology tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal and mechanical properties were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and flexural tests. Furthermore, the RTM process of a representative part was simulated and validated through the manufacturing and testing of plates. The properties of the BIO-PUR resin systems were strongly influenced by the addition of biobased glycerol and its effect on the crosslinking density. The combination of a high functionality and hydroxyl index biobased polyol with the biobased glycerol resulted in a high-performance BIO-PUR with the required reactivity and final properties for structural applications.
Self-Assembly of Homo- and Hetero-Chiral Cyclodipeptides into Supramolecular Polymers towards Antimicrobial Gels
Authors: Rosetti Beatrice , Scarel Erica , Colomina-Alfaro Laura , Adorinni Simone , Pierri Giovanni , Bellotto Ottavia , Mamprin Kevin , Polentarutti Maurizio , Bandiera Antonella , Tedesco Consiglia , Marchesan Silvia
Published: October 2022

There is an increasing interest towards the development of new antimicrobial coatings, especially in light of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) towards common antibiotics. Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) or diketopiperazines (DKPs) are attractive candidates for their ability to self-assemble into supramolecular polymers and yield gel coatings that do not persist in the environment. In this work, we compare the antimicrobial cyclo(Leu-Phe) with its heterochiral analogs cyclo(D-Leu-L-Phe) and cyclo(L-Leu-D-Phe), as well as cyclo(L-Phe-D-Phe), for their ability to gel. The compounds were synthesized, purified by HPLC, and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed details of the intermolecular interactions within the supramolecular polymers. The DKPs were then tested for their cytocompatibility on fibroblast cells and for their antimicrobial activity on S. aureus. Overall, DKPs displayed good cytocompatibility and very mild antimicrobial activity, which requires improvement towards applications.
Recent Advances in Starch-Based Blends and Composites for Bioplastics Applications
Authors: Jayarathna Shishanthi , Andersson Mariette , Andersson Roger
Published: October 2022

Environmental pollution by synthetic polymers is a global problem and investigating substitutes for synthetic polymers is a major research area. Starch can be used in formulating bioplastic materials, mainly as blends or composites with other polymers. The major drawbacks of using starch in such applications are water sensitivity and poor mechanical properties. Attempts have been made to improve the mechanical properties of starch-based blends and composites, by e.g., starch modification or plasticization, matrix reinforcement, and polymer blending. Polymer blending can bring synergetic benefits to blends and composites, but necessary precautions must be taken to ensure the compatibility of hydrophobic polymers and hydrophilic starch. Genetic engineering offers new possibilities to modify starch inplanta in a manner favorable for bioplastics applications, while the incorporation of antibacterial and/or antioxidant agents into starch-based food packaging materials brings additional advantages. In conclusion, starch is a promising material for bioplastic production, with great potential for further improvements. This review summarizes the recent advances in starch-based blends and composites and highlights the potential strategies for overcoming the major drawbacks of using starch in bioplastics applications.