bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Anti-induction for Scientific Realism
Authors: Park Seungbae
Published: June 2018

In contemporary philosophy of science, the no-miracles argument and the pessimistic induction are regarded as the strongest arguments for and against scientific realism, respectively. In this paper, the author constructs a new argument for scientific realism, which he calls the anti-induction for scientific realism. It holds that, since past theories were false, present theories are true. The author provides an example from the history of science to show that anti-inductions sometimes work in science. The anti-induction for scientific realism has several advantages over the no-miracles argument as a positive argument for scientific realism.
Information literacy skills on the go
Authors: Schmidt Hanbidge Alice , Tin Tony , Sanderson Nicole
Published: June 2018

Students’ understanding and integration of information literacy (IL) skills are fundamental to higher education and lifelong learning. Development and implementation of thirteen mobile lessons application (http://renmil.ca/ ) in the Mobile Information Literacy Tool (MIL) was the result of a unique collaboration between faculty and the library. Lessons demonstrated how to locate, evaluate, and use information effectively. Mixed methods pilot study findings (Hanbidge, Sanderson, & Tin, 2015) informed the Canadian project’s second stage analysis to determine fluency in digital literacy skills and testing of the MIL tool. One hundred and twenty-eight undergraduate Arts students from eight different classes majoring in psychology, social work, English or social development studies participated in the study to determine the effectiveness of using mobile technology to enhance their IL skills. Preliminary successes and experiences with overcoming the barriers to support anytime, anywhere student mobile information literacy training are discussed and future directions are recommended.
Mapping library values and student learning outcomes
Authors: Larsen Dale , Wallace Shane , Pankl Lis
Published: June 2018

The teaching efforts at Marriott Library are distributed widely across a variety of groups and a range of subject matter. Teaching styles and pedagogical foci are varied and diverse among the librarians in the building. To increase collaboration and raise teaching standards, Graduate and Undergraduate Services (GUS) formulated Guidelines for teaching librarians by using the University of Utah’s Quality Course Framework (QCF) and Marriott Library’s own Four Core Student Library Learning Outcomes and mapping them to the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. To facilitate communication and usability, the Guidelines contain an alignment matrix for librarians to follow through the teaching process. The matrix is also intended to open up new opportunities for conversation and collaboration between librarians and academic staff to better serve student needs. The purpose of this report is to document and reflect upon the collaborative work done by teaching librarians at the University of Utah to create the Teaching Guidelines. The process of this work involved the synthesis and alignment of several models of pedagogical structure as well as the overarching interests and goals of a variety of stakeholders and participants in the teaching environment at the University. The product of these efforts includes clear Teaching Guidelines, alignment with the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy, and an alignment matrix designed to provide a clear map of the teaching philosophies and strategies employed at the library. This report presents the process of creating and implementing the Guidelines and outlines the background of the process, including those institutional, situational, and environmental circumstances which shaped the general course of its development. The report includes an analysis of the pedagogical characteristics of the Guidelines. The report also presents an example of the Guidelines as used in action when developing the library-related content for an undergraduate-level community learning course known as ‘Learning, Engagement, Achievement and Progress’ (LEAP).
Flipping the classroom for information literacy instruction
Authors: Shen Jing
Published: June 2018

This study examined the possibility of enabling personalised, collaborative information literacy (IL) instruction through a flipped class model. Two-stage interviews were conducted before and after a pilot project was given to participants, which was designed according to guiding principles of personalised learning and online collaborative learning (OCL) theory. The study used a qualitative framework to gauge learners’ perceptions regarding the effectiveness and feasibility of the design. Samples were taken from learners who had previously been involved in a flipped classroom. The data collected from the two-stage interviews were compared and further discussed in light of Giorgi’s (1999) understanding of learning through a phenomenological perspective. Five participants were involved in the study. For the first-stage interviews, the five participants all responded positively towards the prospectus of a flipped, personalised and collaborative IL instruction. For the second-stage interviews, three participants offered feedback regarding an interactive PowerPoint specifically designed for a flipped IL instruction, which had incorporated elements of personalisation and group activities. All three participants in the second stage interviews spoke favourably of the content of the interactive PowerPoint, but they also all exhibited a degree of hesitation when multiple options were presented to them. They were still expecting clear instructions instead of taking control of the process. This study discovered a gap between learners’ positivity towards a flipped, personalised and collaborative learning model, and the fact that learners are fundamentally accustomed to traditional learning paths. This implies there are hurdles to overcome before the flipped model can deliver results, especially when learners are expected to take more control over their own learning. Further research is needed to explore ways of altering learner mind sets in order to enable learners to embrace the full potential of flipped learning.
LOEX 2018
Authors: Inge Carpenter Lindsay
Published: June 2018

A review of the 46th Annual LOEX conference, held in Houston, Texas, May 2018.
Components and Mechanisms of Hydrologic Cycle Changes over North America at the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Lora Juan M.
Published: June 2018

This study examines the differences in the moisture budget over North America between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and modern climate, as simulated by nine models from Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 3. The results help elucidate the components and mechanisms of the LGM hydrologic cycle. The models predict substantial increases in winter precipitation minus evaporation ( P − E) over the ice-free parts of western North America with respect to the modern climate, primarily because of increases in moisture convergence by the mean flow. In summer they predict P − E increases from the Great Plains to the southeastern margin of the ice sheet—driven by large decreases in E—that are due to a combination of increased convergence by the mean flow and transient eddies. In both seasons, the LGM–modern changes in P − E are dominated by changes in the circulation, rather than by changes in atmospheric water vapor. Compared to a proxy reconstruction of LGM–modern changes in P, the simulated P responses show modest skill. They generally reproduce the reconstruction in the western part of North America but underestimate the indicated drying of the eastern part. The models that score best tend to simulate more drying of the eastern part as a result of increased moisture divergence by the mean flow. In various regions, there are trade-offs between contributions from the mean flow and transient eddies, pointing to changes in variability during the LGM; however, further work to examine such changes requires higher-frequency model output.
Is the Coefficient of Eddy Potential Vorticity Diffusion Positive? Part I: Barotropic Zonal Channel
Authors: Ivchenko V. O. , Zalesny V. B. , Sinha B.
Published: June 2018

The question of whether the coefficient of diffusivity of potential vorticity by mesoscale eddies is positive is studied for a zonally reentrant barotropic channel using the quasigeostrophic approach. The topography is limited to the first mode in the meridional direction but is unlimited in the zonal direction. We derive an analytic solution for the stationary (time independent) solution. New terms associated with parameterized eddy fluxes of potential vorticity appear both in the equations for the mean zonal momentum balance and in the kinetic energy balance. These terms are linked with the topographic form stress exerted by parameterized eddies. It is demonstrated that in regimes with zonal flow (analogous to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current), the coefficient of eddy potential vorticity diffusivity must be positive.
Composite Impact of Global Hawk Unmanned Aircraft Dropwindsondes on Tropical Cyclone Analyses and Forecasts
Authors: Christophersen Hui , Aksoy Altug , Dunion Jason , Aberson Sim
Published: June 2018

The impacts of Global Hawk (GH) dropwindsondes on tropical cyclone (TC) analyses and forecasts are examined over a composite sample of missions flown during the NASA Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) and the NOAA Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT) field campaigns. An ensemble Kalman filter is employed to assimilate the dropwindsonde observations at the vortex scale. With the assimilation of GH dropwindsondes, TCs generally exhibit fewer position and intensity errors, a better wind–pressure relationship, and improved representation of integrated kinetic energy in the analyses. The resulting track and intensity forecasts with all the cases generally show a positive impact when GH dropwindsondes are assimilated. The impact of GH dropwindsondes is further explored with cases stratified by intensity change and presence of crewed aircraft data. GH dropwindsondes demonstrate a larger impact for nonsteady-state TCs [non-SS; 24-h intensity change larger than 20 kt (~10 m s−1)] than for steady-state (SS) TCs. The relative skill from assimilating GH dropwindsondes ranges between 25% and 35% for either the position or intensity improvement in the final analyses overall, but only ~5%–10% for SS cases alone. The resulting forecasts for non-SS cases show higher skill for both track and intensity than SS cases. In addition, the GH dropwindsonde impact on TC forecasts varies in the presence of crewed aircraft data. An increased intensity improvement at long lead times is seen when crewed aircraft data are absent. This demonstrates the importance of strategically designing flight patterns to exploit the sampling strengths of the GH and crewed aircraft in order to maximize data impacts on TC prediction.
Pharmacological Management of Dyslipidemia in Atherosclerosis: Limitations, Challenges, and New Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Kypreos Kyriakos E. , Bitzur Rafael , Karavia Eleni A. , Xepapadaki Eva , Panayiotakopoulos George , Constantinou Caterina
Published: June 2018

Clinical and epidemiological studies during the last 7 decades indicated that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels correlate with the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall. This observation led to the development of LDL-C-lowering drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, some with greater success than others. However, a body of recent clinical evidence shows that a substantial residual cardiovascular risk exists even at very low levels of LDL-C, suggesting that new therapeutic modalities are still needed for reduction of atherosclerosis morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, HDL-C-raising drugs developed toward this goal had disappointing results thus far. Here, we critically review the literature presenting available evidence and challenges that need to be met and discuss possible new avenues for the development of novel lipid pharmacotherapeutics to reduce the burden of atherosclerosis.
Personal Growth Initiative in the Therapeutic Process: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Weigold Ingrid K. , Boyle Rebecca A. , Weigold Arne , Antonucci Stephen Z. , Mitchell Heike B. , Martin-Wagar Caitlin A.
Published: June 2018

Personal growth initiative (PGI), an individual’s active and intentional engagement in the growth process, was originally developed as a potentially useful construct in therapy. Although it has repeatedly been related to psychological well-being and distress, few studies have examined PGI in clinical samples. The current study investigated the role of PGI in a sample of 295 clients at a community-serving training clinic. Data were collected at two time points. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a second-order model with four first-order PGI factors: Readiness for Change, Planfulness, Using Resources, and Intentional Behavior. Using cross-lagged panel analysis, PGI at Time 1 was found to predict psychological distress endorsed at Time 2 after accounting for distress at Time 1.
‘Times that by 100’: Student learning from international practicum
Authors: Hay Kathryn , Lowe Simon , Barnes Gina , Dentener Alex , Doyle Rochelle , Hinii Georgea , Morris Hanah
Published: June 2018

International placements are uncommon for Aotearoa New Zealand social work students compared with many other countries. In 2015 five students undertook a 10-week placement in Cambodia. This article explores the students’ perspectives on the skills, knowledge and capabilities required for international placements. The findings from this study indicate that questions remain as to whether the associated challenges outweigh the advantages of international placement experiences. We recommend that working with tertiary institutions from countries with more established international placement programmes may be one way of addressing some of the challenges and advancing international placements for Aotearoa New Zealand students.
International Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade
Authors: Craemer Thomas
Published: June 2018

This article compares German Holocaust reparations with reparations regarding slavery and the slave trade in the United States and beyond. I review many historical reparations measures (proposed and realized) making them comparable in 2016 U.S. dollars. Based on slave-ship manifests, I investigate how reparations for the slave trade may be distributed. I propose that European slave-trade reparations could be used in Africa and the New World to indemnify the descendants of the formerly enslaved. Total and per-recipient amounts provide a wide range for possible negotiations. They range from only US$71.08 per recipient demanded by James Forman in 1969 to US$3.6 million per recipient actually paid by the descendants of Haiti’s enslaved to the descendants of their former oppressors. The German example suggests that a political solution can be worked out if the representatives of the perpetrating side reach out to the representatives of the victimized side for negotiations.
How Universal Is the General Factor of Personality? An Analysis of the Big Five in Forager Farmers of the Bolivian Amazon
Authors: van der Linden Dimitri , Dunkel Curtis S. , Figueredo Aurelio Jose , Gurven Michael , von Rueden Christopher , Woodley of Menie Michael A.
Published: June 2018

In various personality models, such as the Big Five, a consistent higher order general factor of personality (GFP) can be identified. One view in the literature is that the GFP reflects general social effectiveness. Most GFP studies, however, have been conducted in Western, educated, industrialized, and rich democracies (WEIRD). Therefore, to address the question of the universality of the GFP, we test whether the GFP can also be identified in a preliterate indigenous sample of Tsimane by using self-reports, spouse reports, and interviewer ratings. In the Tsimane, a viable GFP could be identified and the intercorrelations between personality traits were significantly stronger than in samples from industrial countries. The GFP correlated with the ratings of social engagement. In addition, self and spouse ratings of the GFP overlapped. Overall, the findings are in line with the notion that the GFP is a human universal and a substantive personality factor reflecting social effectiveness.
Articulating Design Principles for Productive Use of Video in Preservice Education
Authors: Kang Hosun , van Es Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2018

Despite the potential of video for professional learning, the field lacks an integrated framework to inform teacher educators’ pedagogical decision making, particularly in the context of preservice teacher education. This article aims to make a conceptual argument about productive ways of using video in preservice education contexts. Drawing on situative and sociocultural perspectives, we theorize how and under what conditions video can be used productively. We discuss existing frameworks and tools that guide the design of video-embedded learning environments. We then present an integrated framework, the principled use of video (PUV) to specify principles, processes, and key considerations for creating a system of video-embedded activities. The merits and potential pitfalls of the PUV framework are discussed using an illustrative case. We argue that productive use of video that facilitates the desired learning of preservice teachers involves attention to both the learning ecology and underlying theories of preservice teacher learning.
Sources of decline, turnaround strategy and HR strategies and practices: The case of Iberia Airlines
Authors: Santana Mónica , Valle Cabrera Ramon , Galán González José-Luis
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the coevolution of the sources of decline, the turnaround strategy and the human resource strategy (HRS) at Iberia Airlines, together with the influence of employee responses to these strategies. The analysis of several moments of organisational decline at Iberia, comparing measures adopted in pre- and post-financial crisis periods, shows that, in a sector experiencing a fiercely competitive transformation that negatively affects established companies, the use of downsizing in an organisation with internal deficiencies may create further problems within the company, while an HRS based on flexibility-oriented practices and a fostering approach to strategic negotiations will improve the requisite recovery strategy.
Do international union alliances contribute to the effectiveness of international framework agreements? A comparative study of Telefonica and Portugal Telecom
Authors: Bourque Reynald , Hennebert Marc-Antonin , Lévesque Christian , Murray Gregor
Published: June 2018

This study explores how international union alliances (IUAs) contribute to the effectiveness of international framework agreements (IFAs) in emerging or developing economies. Drawing on a distinction between procedural and normative effectiveness, it conducts a longitudinal analysis based on detailed multi-level case studies of two telecom multinational companies – Telefonica and Portugal Telecom – which have signed IFAs. It explores the impact of four dimensions of IUAs (governance structures, material resources, deliberative processes and access to institutional resources) on the effectiveness of IFAs. Key conclusions highlight the importance of procedural effectiveness for normative effectiveness and the role of IUAs’ organizational and institutional resources in ensuring respect for workers’ rights through IFAs.
Industry Clusters and Organizational Prototypes: Evidence From the Franconian Brewing Industry
Authors: Beck Nikolaus , Swaminathan Anand , Wade James B. , Wezel Filippo Carlo
Published: June 2018

In this article, we argue that in addition to facilitating organizational learning and specialization, an industry cluster related to tradition or to the practice of a craft influences audience expectations through the definition of the prototypical features that define an organizational form. Analyzing the population of northern Bavarian (Franconian) breweries, we show that compliance with a prototype involves multiple dimensions and depends on an organization’s location in geographic space with reference to the center of the industry cluster. Using qualitative interviews, archival data, and a survey of consumers, we provide evidence that as distance from the cluster center increases, organizations are more likely to deviate from the prototype and suffer fewer of the negative consequences that result from such deviations.
Automated Identification and Localization of the Inferior Vena Cava Using Ultrasound: An Animal Study
Authors: Chen Jiangang , Li Jiawei , Ding Xin , Chang Cai , Wang Xiaoting , Ta Dean
Published: June 2018

Ultrasound measurement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is widely implemented in the clinic. However, the process is time consuming and labor intensive, because the IVC diameter is continuously changing with respiration. In addition, artificial errors and intra-operator variations are always considerable, making the measurement inconsistent. Research efforts were recently devoted to developing semiautomated methods. But most required an initial identification of the IVC manually. As a first step toward fully automated IVC measurement, in this paper, we present an intelligent technique for automated IVC identification and localization. Forty-eight ultrasound data sets were collected from eight pigs, each of which included two frames in B-mode and color mode (C-mode) collected at the inspiration, and two cine loops in B-mode and C-mode. Static and dynamic automation algorithms were applied to the data sets for identifying and localizing the IVC. The results were evaluated by comparing with the manual measurement of experienced clinicians. The automated approaches successfully identified the IVC in 47 cases (success rate: 97.9%). The automated localization of the IVC is close to the manual counterpart, with the difference within one diameter. The automatically measured diameters are close to those measured manually, with most differences below 15%. It is revealed that the proposed method can automatically identify the IVC with high success rate and localize the IVC with high accuracy. But the study with high accuracy was conducted under good control and without considering difficult cases, which deserve future explorations. The method is a first step toward fully automated IVC measurement, which is suitable for point-of-care applications.
Don’t wake up the dragon! Monstrous geontologies in a mining waste impoundment
Authors: Ureta Sebastián , Flores Patricio
Published: June 2018

This paper is an invitation to view tailings – the most prominent byproduct generated by mining activity – as more than their usual incarnation as waste, object of governance by waste management programs. In doing so, it applies Elizabeth Povinelli’s notions about geontopower/geontologies to analyze the practices devoted to managing the tailings produced by Mina El Teniente, a large copper mine located in central Chile. From this framework, the mine’s tailings impoundment are enacted as both a “dragon” and a “trickster”, entities endowed with a monstrous vitality that openly challenges the mining industry’s usual geontologies, which are based on understanding impoundments as docile nonliving deserts very much open to capitalist exploitation/forgetting. On the contrary, the dragon/trickster enacts a geontology in which human beings appear as ultimately unable to truly control nonliving entities, and depend only on their goodwill to avoid environmental disaster. The acceptance of such a geontology, as will be explored in the conclusions, challenges us to develop a geo-teratology, or a set of alternative political and ethical commitments we should devise in order to start better living with the monstrous geontologies of mining waste.
GDPR
Authors: Laybats Claire , Davies John
Published: June 2018

This article discusses the main changes to data protection regulation with the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that comes into effect on 25 May 2018. It considers the effect on organizations coming under its jurisdiction through an interview with John Davies, Managing Director of digital agency Reading Room, and then goes on to consider the implications for organizations currently out of the geographical area the GDPR controls. It finally considers the implications for the future as the GDPR becomes established.
A systematic review of paediatric deep venous thrombolysis
Authors: Taha Mohamed AH , Busuttil Andrew , Bootun Roshan , Davies Alun H
Published: June 2018

Objectives

The aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis in children with deep venous thrombosis and to evaluate its long-term effect.

Method and results

EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane databases were searched to identify studies in which paediatric acute deep venous thrombosis patients received thrombolysis. Following title and abstract screening, seven cohort studies with a total of 183 patients were identified. Technical success was 82% and superior in regional rather than systemic thrombolysis (p < 0.00001). One cohort study identified significant difference in thrombus resolution at one year between thrombolytic and anticoagulant groups (p = 0.01). The complication rate was low, with incidence rates of major bleeding, pulmonary embolism and others at 2.8%, 1.8% and 8.4%, respectively. The overall post-thrombotic syndrome rate was 12.7%. The incidence of re-thrombosis ranged from 12.3% to 27%.

Conclusion

Thrombolysis for paediatric deep venous thrombosis is an effective and relatively safe therapeutic option, lowering the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome and deep venous thrombosis recurrence.
Enabling meaningful activities and quality of life in long-term care facilities: The stepwise development of a participatory client-centred approach in Flanders
Authors: De Vriendt Patricia , Cornelis Elise , Vanbosseghem Ruben , Desmet Valerie , Van de Velde Dominique
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Meaningful activities of daily living promote the quality of life of residents of long-term care facilities. This project aimed to develop an approach to enable meaningful activities of daily living and to guide long-term care facilities in a creative and innovative attitude towards residents' meaningful activities of daily living.

Method

The approach was developed in six steps: (1) in-depth-interviews with 14 residents; (2) a survey with 171 residents; (3) a systematic map and synthesis review on interventions enriching meaningful activities of daily living; (4) qualitative analysis of 24 ‘good examples’ and, to support future implementation, (5) focus groups with staff ( n = 69). Results determined the components of the new approach which was (6) pilot-tested in one long-term care facility. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered concerning benefits for the residents and feasibility for the staff.

Results

A client- and activity-oriented approach was developed, characterised by an active participatory attitude of residents and staff and a systematic iterative process. Significant positive effects were found for the number of activities, the satisfaction with the leisure offered, the social network, medication use, but not for quality of life. The approach appeared to be feasible.

Conclusion

This approach stimulates residents' meaningful activities of daily living and social life. Further investigation is needed to evaluate its outcome and implementation potentials.
Isolated painful trigeminal neuropathy as an unusual presentation of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids: A case report
Authors: Bobba Samantha , Narasimhan Manisha , Zagami Alessandro S
Published: June 2018

Background

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an inflammatory central nervous system disorder, typically presenting with subacute symptoms referable to brainstem and cerebellar pathology. This is the first report of CLIPPERS presenting with a painful trigeminal neuropathy.

Case report

We report an unusual case of CLIPPERS presenting with facial pain and sensory symptoms, in the absence of other brainstem or cerebellar signs. Perivascular enhancement of peri-pontine structures on neuroimaging, lymphocytic infiltrate on histopathology and rapid clinical and radiological responsiveness to glucocorticosteroids were key to diagnosis. Extensive investigations excluded various differential aetiologies.

Conclusion

The pathogenesis of CLIPPERS is poorly understood, and the diagnostic criteria are yet to be validated. In this case, facial pain was not associated with other brainstem or cerebellar signs, broadening current understanding of how CLIPPERS may present. This has clinical implications in guiding future investigations for patients presenting with painful trigeminal neuropathy.
Mindfulness-based stress reduction for treating chronic headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anheyer Dennis , Leach Matthew J , Klose Petra , Dobos Gustav , Cramer Holger
Published: June 2018

Background

Mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy are frequently used for pain-related conditions, but their effects on headache remain uncertain. This review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy in reducing the symptoms of chronic headache.

Data sources and study selection

MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and PsychINFO were searched to 16 June 2017. Randomized controlled trials comparing mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy with usual care or active comparators for migraine and/or tension-type headache, which assessed headache frequency, duration or intensity as a primary outcome, were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Tool.

Results

Five randomized controlled trials (two on tension-type headache; one on migraine; two with mixed samples) with a total of 185 participants were included. Compared to usual care, mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy did not improve headache frequency (three randomized controlled trials; standardized mean difference = 0.00; 95% confidence interval = −0.33,0.32) or headache duration (three randomized controlled trials; standardized mean difference = −0.08; 95% confidence interval = −1.03,0.87). Similarly, no significant difference between groups was found for pain intensity (five randomized controlled trials; standardized mean difference = −0.78; 95% confidence interval = −1.72,0.16).

Conclusions

Due to the low number, small scale and often high or unclear risk of bias of included randomized controlled trials, the results are imprecise; this may be consistent with either an important or negligible effect. Therefore, more rigorous trials with larger sample sizes are needed.
Saturation Flow Model for Signalized Intersection under Mixed Traffic Condition
Authors: Biswas Sabyasachi , Chakraborty Souvik , Ghosh Indrajit , Chandra Satish
Published: June 2018

Saturation flow is one of the most important functional parameters at signalized intersections. It is to be noted that saturation flow is a functional measure of the intersection operation, which indicates the probable capacity if working in an ideal situation. However, determination of the saturation flow is a challenging task in developing countries like India where vehicles with diverse static and dynamic characteristics use the same carriageway. At the same time, it is influenced by several other factors. In this context, the present research is carried out to examine the effects of traffic composition, approach width and right-turning movements on saturation flow under heterogeneous traffic conditions. This paper proposes a model for computing saturation flow at the signalized intersection under mixed traffic condition based on Kriging approach. A detailed comparison of the mean saturation flow values obtained by the conventional method, regression method, and Kriging method has also been presented. Low mean absolute percentage error values (<5%) have been obtained for saturation flow by Kriging method with respect to the conventional method. Finally, the proposed models are used to evaluate the impact of right-turning vehicles on saturation flow under shared lane condition.
Validation of Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears Produced by a Mechanical Impact Simulator Against the Clinical Presentation of Injury
Authors: Bates Nathaniel A. , Schilaty Nathan D. , Nagelli Christopher V. , Krych Aaron J. , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are catastrophic events that affect athletic careers and lead to long-term degenerative knee changes. As injuries are believed to occur within the first 50 milliseconds after initial contact during a rapid deceleration task, impact simulators that rapidly deliver impulse loads to cadaveric specimens have been developed. However, no impactor has reproducibly and reliably created ACL injures in a distribution that mimics clinical observation.

Purpose:

To better understand ACL injury patterns through a cadaveric investigation that applied in vivo–measured external loads to the knee during simulated landings.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A novel mechanical impact simulator reproduced kinetics from in vivo–recorded drop landing tasks on 45 cadaveric knees. Specimens were exposed to a randomized order of variable knee abduction moment, anterior tibial shear, and internal tibial rotation loads before the introduction of an impulse load at the foot. This process was repeated until a hard or soft tissue injury was induced on the joint. Injuries were assessed by an orthopaedic surgeon, and ligament strain was recorded by implanted strain gauges.

Results:

The mechanical impact simulator induced ACL injuries in 87% of specimens, with medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries in 31%. ACL tear locations were 71% femoral side, 21% midsubstance, and 9% tibial side. Peak strain before failure for ACL-injured specimens was 15.3% ± 8.7% for the ACL and 5.1% ± 5.6% for the MCL ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The ACL injuries induced by the mechanical impact simulator in the present study have provided clinically relevant in vitro representations of in vivo ACL injury patterns as cited in the literature. Additionally, current ligament strains corroborate the literature to support disproportionate loading of the ACL relative to the MCL during athletic tasks.

Clinical Relevance:

These findings indicate that the mechanical impact simulator is an appropriate model for examining independent mechanical variables, treatment techniques, and preventive interventions during athletic tasks leading up to and including an ACL injury. Accordingly, this system can be utilized to further parse out contributing factors to an ACL injury as well as assess the shortcomings of ACL reconstruction techniques in a dynamic, simulated environment that is better representative of in vivo injury scenarios.
Stopgappers? The Occupational Trajectories of Men in Female-Dominated Occupations
Authors: Torre Margarita
Published: June 2018

This study examines the determinants of men’s exit from female-dominated occupations. Using census data and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data set, the author analyzes the job history of men employed in the United States between 1979 and 2006. Supporting the theoretical model, evidence indicates a group of stopgappers—men entering female-dominated occupations and leaving soon after their entry, thereby contributing to the perpetuation of segregation in female settings. By identifying the stopgapper occupational trajectory, this article contributes to the development of a comprehensive theory accounting for the way structural inequality is reproduced.
Measuring Attitudes About End-of-Life Care: Evaluation of a Modified Version of the Hospice Philosophy Scale
Authors: Van Dussen Daniel J. , Cagle John , Plant Amy J. , Hong Seokho , Culler Krystal L. , Carrion Iraida V.
Published: June 2018

The Hospice Philosophy Scale (HPS) is the only scaled instrument that measures health professionals’ attitudes about end-of-life care consistent with the hospice philosophy. This study tested the properties of a modified version of the HPS to provide preliminary validation data on internal consistency, convergent validity, and factorability in a broad population of adults. A cross-sectional telephone survey designed to assess the general population’s attitudes regarding hospice use was administered. exploratory factor analysis elicited an eight-item instrument (HPS-8). The HPS-8 produced a Cronbach’s alpha of .73 and demonstrated sufficient convergent validity, including positive associations with a scale measuring the importance of relevant end-of-life issues ( r = .41, p < .001), a personal preference for hospice (ρ = .36, p < .001), and, among those who had experienced hospice care, satisfaction with hospice care (ρ = .28, p < .01). Our evidence suggests the HPS-8 is a reliable and valid instrument for use with a general adult population.
Behavioral Public HR: Experimental Evidence on Cognitive Biases and Debiasing Interventions
Authors: Cantarelli Paola , Belle Nicola , Belardinelli Paolo
Published: June 2018

We draw on behavioral science to investigate a set of decisions that may have an impact on public human resource management, thus affecting public service provision. Our survey-in-the-field-experiment with the nursing personnel of a local health authority showed that respondents’ decisions in the area of health care operations management were affected by social pressures (bandwagoning), the presence of a decoy option, and the framing of alternatives. Anchoring and halo effects severely biased the assessment of subordinates’ performance. Decisions in the domain of health policies were influenced by denominator neglect and zero-risk bias. Debiasing interventions eliminated the bandwagoning and framing effects. Being midway between abstract and un-testable grand theories and data-driven testable hypotheses, our findings advance behavioral human resource (HR) as a fruitful middle range theory in public personnel administration. Normative implications for scholars and practitioners about the power of the architecture of choices are discussed.
Ethnicity monopoly: Ulster-Scots ethnicity-building and institutional hegemony in Northern Ireland
Authors: Gardner Peter R
Published: June 2018

Ulster-Scots is a contemporary case of ethnicity-building, materialising in Northern Ireland at the end of the 20th century. As the ‘Troubles’ began to be reinterpreted as being about cultural identity in the 1980s, avenues were sought through which to find a ‘Protestant-ness’ comparative to the considerably more developed discourse of Irishness. It was at this point that Ulster-Scots emerged. While its initial decades were marked by derision, hostility, and resistance, it has gained considerable ground in recent years. This article outlines the development of Ulster-Scots from its beginnings in the late 1980s to the present. Utilising in-depth interviews with a variety of current and historical actors, I contend that this development entailed three phases. First, grass-roots educationalists operated independently while unionist elites lobbied for official recognition. In a second phase, the official recognition and institutionalisation of Ulster-Scots in the wake of the Good Friday Agreement initiated a process wherein the Ulster-Scots Agency came to be established as the key player in the field. A third phase began in the early 2010s with the Agency establishing a monopoly over the processes of Ulster-Scots peoplehood-making.
Sexual Behaviors, Mobile Technology Use, and Sexting Among College Students in the American South
Authors: Ingram Lucy A. , Macauda Mark , Lauckner Carolyn , Robillard Alyssa
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

To examine sexual, mobile technology, and sexting behaviors of college students.

Design:

A cross-sectional study design was employed.

Setting:

Study sites were 2 universities in the southern United States.

Subjects:

Data were collected from 254 participants via online survey of college students.

Measures:

The survey included 268 items inclusive of measures from previously validated sources. Variables for this study included technology ownership/use, online/mobile dating site use, sexting behaviors/attitudes, and sexual behaviors. In particular, the Sexting Attitudes Scale has been previously validated with other researchers providing comparative data.

Analysis:

Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used for group comparisons. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine predictors of sexting behavior.

Results:

Of the 254 participants, over 80% had ever had sex, and participants were more likely to use condoms with partners who they were not in a committed relationship compared to those to whom they were committed (χ2 = 27.324, P = .0001). Seventy percent had ever sexted, and sexting attitudes ranged from approximately 80% agreeing that sexting is “risky” or can leave one “vulnerable” compared to 43% agreeing that sexting is “fun.” Sexting was associated with having multiple sexual partners (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-4.47) and sexually transmitted infection testing history (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.03-4.18).

Conclusion:

Study findings should be considered as interventionists plan sexual health and risk prevention programs for college students.
Multiwinner approval rules as apportionment methods
Authors: Brill Markus , Laslier Jean-François , Skowron Piotr
Published: June 2018

We establish a link between multiwinner elections and apportionment problems by showing how approval-based multiwinner election rules can be interpreted as methods of apportionment. We consider several multiwinner rules and observe that some, but not all, of them induce apportionment methods that are well-established in the literature and in the actual practice of representation, be it proportional or non-proportional. For instance, we show that proportional approval voting induces the D’Hondt method and that Monroe’s rule induces the largest remainder method. Our approach also yields apportionment methods implementing degressive proportionality. Furthermore, we consider properties of apportionment methods and exhibit multiwinner rules that induce apportionment methods satisfying these properties.
The theoretical and experimental research on the thermodynamic process in transcritical carbon dioxide piston compressor
Authors: Song Yulong , Sun Qinfei , Yang Shuo , Xing Qijing , Cheng Ling , Cao Feng
Published: June 2018

The general mathematical model of the transcritical CO2 compressor was presented to assess the compressor efficiencies including isentropic efficiency and volumetric efficiency based on the thermodynamic theories and compressor structures. Furthermore, the prototype of the transcritical CO2 system was established and relative measurements were carried out to evaluate the precision of the simulation. Results showed that the volumetric efficiency of the compressor kept decreasing while the isentropic efficiency increased first and then kept almost constant and even declined with the increase in the pressure ratio. Besides, the indicated efficiency and volumetric efficiency declined slightly with the decrease in the suction density corresponding to the increase in suction superheating. As for the effects of compressor structures on the performances, the indicated efficiency increased sharply and then decreased gradually, while the volumetric efficiency kept declining with the increase in the cylinder diameter-to-height ratio, respectively.
A Petri Net-based life cycle cost analysis approach
Authors: Kilsby Paul , Remenyte-Prescott Rasa , Andrews John
Published: June 2018

Railway infrastructure providers, such as Network Rail, who owns and manages the British railway infrastructure, can improve the performance and reduce the life cycle cost of their assets through delivering effective asset management. Having the capability to use computer-based models to predict the future performance and life cycle cost of an asset group is a key enabling mechanism for implementing effective asset management. Decision makers can determine the optimum maintenance strategy and the best allocation of capital expenditure based on evidence from modelling results. This paper shows how probabilistic modelling can be used to evaluate asset management projects of the railway overhead line equipment system and undertake a life cycle cost analysis through the use of a stochastically timed high-level Petri Net. A complete modelling framework has been developed, where the components and their maintenance strategies are selected as inputs, and the Petri Net model is used to calculate outputs associated with the performance and life cycle cost of the overhead line equipment system for the corresponding components and strategies considered. This paper presents the practical use of the developed model and describes how the outputs can be used by asset managers to understand the expected system performance and cost over its life cycle. The range of outputs described are the most detailed for such models studying the overhead line equipment and other engineering systems in literature. Whilst the railway overhead line equipment system is used as an example study, the modelling framework is transferable to asset management projects for other engineering systems.
Bioengineering with Endothelial Progenitor Cells Improves the Vascular Engraftment of Transplanted Human Islets
Authors: Grapensparr Liza , Christoffersson Gustaf , Carlsson Per-Ola
Published: June 2018

Pancreatic islets isolated for transplantation are disconnected from their vascular supply and need to establish a new functional network posttransplantation. Due to poor revascularization, prevailing hypoxia with correlating increased apoptosis rates in experimental studies can be observed for months posttransplantation. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow–derived cells that promote neovascularization. The present study tested the hypothesis that EPCs, isolated from human umbilical cord blood, could be coated to human islet surfaces and be used to promote islet vascular engraftment. Control or EPC bioengineered human islets were transplanted into the renal subcapsular space of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Four weeks posttransplantation, graft blood perfusion and oxygen tension were measured using laser Doppler flowmetry and Clark microelectrodes, respectively. Vessel functionality was also assessed by in vivo confocal imaging. The vascular density and the respective contribution of human and recipient endothelium were assessed immunohistochemically by staining for human and mouse CD31. Islet grafts with EPCs had substantially higher blood perfusion and oxygen tension than control transplants. Furthermore, analysis of the vascular network of the grafts revealed that grafts containing EPC bioengineered islets had a superior vascular density compared with control grafts, with functional chimeric blood vessels. We conclude that a simple procedure of surface coating with EPCs provides a possibility to improve the vascular engraftment of transplanted human islets. Established protocols are also easily applicable for intraportal islet transplantation in order to obtain a novel directed cellular therapy at the site of implantation in the liver.