bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CKD and CKDu in Northern Peru: a cross-sectional analysis under the DEGREE protocol
Authors: Ruiz-Alejos Andrea O. , Caplin Ben , Miranda J. Jaime , Pearce Neil , Bernabé-Ortiz Antonio
Published: December 2020

Background:This study estimated the prevalence and risk factors for decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in those without known hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or heavy proteinuria as a surrogate marker for chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu) among adults in the North of Peru.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted following the Disadvantaged Populations eGFR Epidemiology (DEGREE) Study protocol. Low eGFR was defined based on a single eGFR ≤60 mL/min/1.7m2 estimated using the CKD-EPI equation. Environmental conditions related to CKDu (i.e. work in agriculture or sugarcane, water source, heat intolerance, and pesticide exposure) were evaluated, in addition to traditional risk factors for CKD (i.e. smoking, heavy drinking, physical activity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, urolithiasis, among others).Results:A total of 1514 subjects were included in the study, mean age 45.1 (SD: 16.4), and 55.2% were females. Overall, only 26 cases (1.7%; 95%CI: 1.1% - 2.5%) had an eGFR <60mL/min/1.7m2 compatible with CKD definition; when those with hypertension and type-2 diabetes or heavy proteinuria were excluded, according to the DEGREE protocol, the estimate fell to 0.9% (95%CI: 0.4% - 1.5%). Low physical activity levels (OR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.18 – 3.34), hypertension (OR = 2.07; 1.26 – 3.41), and urolithiasis (OR = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.18 – 3.27) were factors associated with low eGFR.Conclusions:A low population-based prevalence of low eGFR (as a surrogate for CKDu), both in rural and urban settings areas, in the Northern Peru, was found. Low physical activity levels, hypertension and urolithiasis were factors associated with low eGFR. Interventions to prevent CKD cases may be focused on well-known CV risk factors and urolithiasis.
Totengräber des Weströmischen Kaisertums? Magister Militum Flavius Ricimer und die letzten Augusti der pars Occidentis
Authors: Oswald Pascal Dominic
Published: December 2020

Der politikgeschichtlich orientierte Aufsatz untersucht das Verhältnis Ricimers zu den während seiner Amtszeit als magister militum regierenden weströmischen Kaisern. Insbesondere fragt er danach, inwiefern Ricimer zum Fall des weströmischen Kaisertums beigetragen hat. Neben den antiken Quellen stützt sich der Aufsatz auf ältere und jüngste Forschungsliteratur (insbesondere Anders 2010 und folgende Arbeiten). Er zeigt Forschungskontroversen auf und eröffnet am Schluss weitergehende Perspektiven der Forschung zu den Heermeistern des fünften Jahrhunderts.
Optimal deterrence: Exploring business cartels in Indonesia and their impact on the economy
Authors: Permata Budi Asri Dyah , Murjiyanto Raden , Hertanto Rooseno , Sriyono Edy
Published: December 2020

A business cartel is a business that is carried out by business actors to obtain market power by regulating the market by fixing prices, for example, by limiting the availability of commodities on the market. This paper examines in detail business cartel practices in Indonesia, explores their impact on the economy, and analyzes KPPU as an unfair business eradication body. In so doing, this paper analyzes eight business cases in Indonesia to describe and evaluate the practices of economic cartels in the industry. Those cases were randomly chosen for different periods and different industrial sectors. Using a qualitative analysis method, it is found that business cartels, unfortunately, are still rather common practice in Indonesia. It is also found that business cartels harm economic development, citizens and customers, since they tend to be monopolistic practices so that the customers will have to pay high prices for limited commodities. In addition, KPPU needs to be reformed, and the amendment of current antitrust law also needs to be executed. Consequently, judges and lawmakers should understand the balance of business interest and public interest at the same time.
Types of employee training, organizational identification, and turnover intention: evidence from Korean employees
Authors: Ahn Ji-Young , Huang Shilu
Published: December 2020

Many organizations are willing to increase human capital investment through various employee training programs. This study empirically examines a proposed model that explains the relationship between the different types of employee training, including general and firm-specific training and employee turnover in Korean firms. This study used a survey sample of 10,069 employees in 467 publicly traded firms in South Korea. 78% of participating companies provided training programs to the employees. This study conducted quantitative cross-sectional regression analyses to test the hypotheses. The study suggests empirical evidence that general training and firm-specific training reduce employee turnover intention. Moreover, the magnitude of firm-specific training on turnover intention is much higher than general training. Furthermore, employee organizational identification has a partial mediating effect on training and turnover intention. However, the study found no substantial evidence of the moderating effect of employees’ justice perception of receiving training opportunities. Based on the human capital theory and social exchange perspective, the results indicate that both types of training programs help employee retention, and cultivating employee organizational identification can be critical in the training-turnover process.
Antimicrobial Properties of a Biocide Based on Quaternary Ammonium Compounds plus Polyhexamethylene Guanidine and Possible Methods of Its Deactivation
Authors: Serdyukov D.V. , Kanunnikov O.V. , Akselrod V.A. , Loyko N.G.
Published: December 2020

Biocidal agents (BA) are widely used in environmentally safe toilet complexes (ESTC) of passenger railcars to suppress microbial activity in fаecal sludge (FS). Subsequent disposal of BA-containing FS at municipal sewage treatment facilities adversely affects their work due to the loss of activated sludge. The antimicrobial properties of BA, based on quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), as well as methods for its neutralization, have been studied. It was confirmed that BA based on QAC and PHMG has an antimicrobial effect on various groups of bacteria, reducing their number by 10-100 or more times. It was found that FS contains two groups of microorganisms with different sensitivity to BA. Methods for deactivation of the BA antimicrobial action in FS were tested using: (1), a deactivating agent; (2), incubation with thermophilically digested wastewater sludge as a source of the microbial methanogenic community; and (3), chemical deactivation by acidification or alkalization. The highest efficiency was shown by the method of deactivation of BA via thermophilic anaerobic digestion with pretreatment of FS with a strong acid

biocide, fаecal sludge of ESTC of passenger railcars, antimicrobial activity, quaternary ammonium compounds, polyhexamethylene guanidine, deactivator, methanogenic microbial community

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.
Comparative Analysis of the Binding Efficiency of Tumor-Targeting Phage Particles to Cancer Cells and Health Brain Cells
Authors: Voitova A.A. , Dmitrieva M.D. , Richter V.A. , Kuligina E.V.
Published: December 2020

The binding efficiency of tumor-targeting phage particles, which exhibited tumor-addressing peptides and were obtained by phage display, to the human glioblastma cell line U-87 MG and health brain cells DKM- 5 has been evaluated by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specific binding of the selected bacteriophages to U-87 MG cells was shown by fluorescence microscopy. Based on the obtained data, tumor-targeting phage particles were selected that provide the most efficient binding to the U-87 MG cells in vitro for further studies in order to create targeted antitumor compounds.

phage display, tumor-addressing peptides, glioblastoma, flow cytometry, ELISA

The authors are grateful to S. I. Baiborodin, Head of the Microscopic Analysis of Biological Objects Core Facilities Center, SB RAS, for assistance in conducting confocal microscopy. This study was supported by the Russian Science Fund (grant no. 19-44-02006).
INKLUSIFITAS DAKWAH AKUN @NUgarislucu DI MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Hidayatullah Ahmad
Published: December 2020

The rapid development of technology implies inclusiveness in da'wah not only in real terms in the real world, but also in the virtual world. Some things that become considerations of the da'wah inclusiveness need to be applied, including the growth of radicalism through social media, then in 2015 a funny social media account @NUgaris emerged that intensely and consistently helped to color the virtual world. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach. The authors explore the implementation of preaching inclusiveness through social media carried out by the above account. The results of the study show that there are three forms of the application of the inclusiveness of the @NUgarislucu account, namely: inclusiveness in doing da’wah to the internal citizens of NU (Nahdhiyin); inclusiveness in da'wah to internal Muslims who differ in manhaj (across mass organizations) in Indonesia; inclusiveness in da'wah to external Muslims, namely to other religions in Indonesia. The three forms of missionary inclusiveness are carried out through dialogue and humor.
El país que no existió: tiempo y narración en 'O Brasil é bom', de André Sant'Anna
Authors: Gomes de Araujo Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

La literatura expresa ideologías y temporalidades, obras ficcionales pueden plantear sociedades distintas de las que vivimos. En este ensayo analizo cómo, en el libro O Brasil é bom (2014), André Sant’Anna critica la coyuntura política a la vez en que realiza una proyección distinta de su país. En esa discusión, la temporalidad es el elemento que da profundidad histórica y política al libro. Realizo el análisis en cuatro pasos: primero presento al escritor según su lugar social de enunciación; posteriormente explico la propuesta estética del libro; en un tercer momento discuto la historicidad de la obra, en diálogo con Reinhart Koselleck, a partir de la relación temporal entre experiencia y expectativa; y finalmente analizo las orientaciones ideológicas de Sant’Anna, para evidenciar cómo su propuesta estética se desdobla en intencionalidades políticas.
“De tudo, à polenta ficarei atento”: notas sobre a obra do escritor cocanhês Joanim Pepperoni, PhD
Authors: Arendt João Cláudio
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo objetiva sistematizar e discutir a técnica de escrita e os principais temas presentes na produção literária de Joanim Pepperoni, PhD, pseudônimo de um escritor que reside na Serra Gaúcha. A abordagem foca, inicialmente, na recriação, pelo escritor, do mito medieval da Terra da Cocanha e sua atualização ao contexto cultural da região de imigração italiana no Rio Grande do Sul; em seguida, trata-se da paródia como técnica de escrita preferida pelo autor para criticar comportamentos e instituições locais e nacionais; e, por fim, aborda o olhar detrator do bardo cocanhês sobre o sistema literário em que está situado.
THE UNIVERSAL STRUCTURE OF A DICTIONARY ARTICLE AS A STEP TOWARDS FORMALIZING THE LEXICOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF ARCHEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY
Authors: TABANAKOVA Vera D. , Kokorina Julia G.
Published: December 2020

This article studies the formalized lexicographic description of the archaeological terminology and aims to develop its basis — the universal dictionary entry structure. The authors prove the need for the unified description of an archaeological term in dictionaries and terminological databases.
The comparative analysis of the dictionary entry structures of contemporary archaeological dictionaries and term databases has shown that the unified principles for the formalized description of an archaeological object have not yet been developed. Thus, the archaeological dictionaries, as well as the term databases, do not have the unified structure of the dictionary entry. This paper describes the systematic development of the universal structure of the dictionary entry for the archaeological term. The source of the term material was the most complete contemporary terminological dictionary — “The Dictionary of Archaeological Ceramics” by Yu. G. Kokorina (2017).
As a result of the logical-conceptual and definitional analysis of the archaeological term descriptions, the authors have proposed 15 linguistic and conceptual parameters: etymology, synonyms, pragmatic parameter, shape, function, constructive parameter, obligatory structural elements, metric parameter, degree of the metric parameter manifestation, proportions, quantitative parameter, cultural-geographical parameter, and construction material.
The universal character of these parameters is supposed to ensure the development of the formalized dictionary entry structure of the archaeological term. The proposed all inclusive dictionary entry structure of the archaeological term can become the foundation for the formalized lexicographic description of archaeological terminology both in dictionaries and in automated databases.
FRENCH PRINT MEDIA: DEMONISATION OF RUSSIA’S IMAGE IN THE LIGHT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ISSUES
Authors: OTT Viktor S.
Published: December 2020

This article looks at the image of Russia constructed by French quality papers (Le Monde, Le Figaro, Le Parisien). In today’s world, the role of the media as a regulator of public opinion is becoming increasingly important. The linguistic techniques used by journalists allow the media to influence the reader’s perceptions, opinions, and views. The issue of neutrality of a country’s image inspires academic interest, since such perceptions affect bilateral and international relations.
France and Russia are among the key global actors, and their dialogue is thus crucial. However, the two countries often disagree on human rights. Domestic violence and its decriminalisation in Russia are today widely covered in French media.
Russia’s image in France has been studied by a number of Russian and foreign scholars. Their works are primarily focused on political events and conflicts, while the image in the context of social issues requires additional research. Unlike previously conducted studies, the scientific value of this work is that it does not only describe the image itself but specifically analyses linguistic tools employed for image construction.
The purpose of this study is to determine the dynamics of Russia’s image in the light of domestic violence related events. The functional, narrative, and discourse analysis of the publications have revealed the general tone of the image and identified the main methods of manipulating readers’ consciousness.
In the face of recent events, the French papers demonise Russia’s image pointing to the inconsistency of the authorities, decriminalisation of domestic violence, conservative values and violation of human rights. The negative image is mostly created by means of linguistic tools that can be divided into three categories: derogatory language, consciousness manipulation methods and implicit connotations. This classification and the results of the research could serve as a basis for linguistic examinations of media texts and be used for a wide range of journalism and linguistics related courses.
Wiedza dotycząca zrównoważonego rozwoju wśród młodzieży licealnej na podstawie badań pilotażowych
Authors: Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona
Published: December 2020

The balanced development is at present the challenge for creating the awareness not only of the particular society, but also in the widest sense for the whole generation of the people. Undertaking such issues, the role of education during all stages of teaching, should be taken into consideration, especially, in the range of propagating the idea of responsibility for the natural environment with eco-development. It is a specially important element of teaching according to the principle of pro-environmental education to undertake all actions in the educational centers, which aim is to stimulate the environmental awareness of young people as well as to prepare the pedagogical staff to the realization of the wide range of methods and strategies that allow to get the best results during the process of educating young generation.

The appropriate undertakings should be realized in order to support the education in the process of introducing the right value system and positive attitudes towards realization of the sixth Environmental politics of the EU Programme.

With the connection to the carried on initial research associated with the knowledge about the balanced development among high school students, analysing the results of the questionnaires, the answer to the question whether students possess any kind of knowledge on balanced development was to be learned.
Swoistość ludzkiej kultury - wampiryzm
Authors: Tomczyk Jacek , Dygudaj Anna
Published: December 2020

Every myth, regardless of its nature, refers back to some event placed in illio tempore. By this fact it constitutes a pattern to all situations and activities in which the event may reappear, the myth can degrade into an epical legend, a ballad or a roman, but it can also survive in a limited form in superstitions, customs and longings without losing neither its structure nor its meaning. In the history of mankind, the perception contributed to the formation of culture - the total of artifacts, both material and immaterial (spiritual or symbolic), these achievements, characteristic for particular society, constitute a model of social behavior. While interpreting the external world people relied on supernatural explanations to some extent, which depended on the level of intellectual development. Initially many facts were explained with the interference of dark, demonic powers, adopting diverse forms in people’s imagination, thanks to such interpretation of reality the vampire was born to existence.

The vampire has undergone a peculiar evolution, the features of its character often changed and the figure was many times reborn in varied forms. Settled in present times, the silhouette of the vampire remains realistic in some people’s minds and has no tendency to modify. Its presence in modern times is mainly perceptible through the creation and development of vampire - worshiping sects.

The following thesis is aimed to present the evolution of beliefs and picture of the vampire, as well as ancient practices and ways of treating people suspected of vampirism, the text enables a close look into the structure and functioning of modern vampire-related cults, it also attempts to explain the phenomenon of vampirism and its continuously increasing popularity.
Ekologiczne samookreślenia Jezusa w Ewangelii wg św. Jana
Authors: Najda Andrzej Jacek
Published: December 2020

Jesus spricht oft im Johannesevangelium, er sei gekommen, den Willen des Vaters zu erfüllen (z.B. J 4,34, 6,38) und sich als den Sohn Gottes zu offenbaren. Wenn er die aus dem Alten testament stammende Offenbarungsformel evgw, eivmi benutzt, dann stellt er sich als Gott vor. Um seine Sendung zu beschreiben, den Menschen das ewige Leben zu schenken, verwendet Jesus die Bildfelder aus der Ökologie, die von den Hörern recht gut bekannt und verstanden werden. Er bezeichnet sich nämlich als „das Licht der Welt“ (J 8,12), „die Tür “ (J 10,7.9), „der gute Hirt“ (J 10,11.14) und „der wahre Weinstock“ (J 15,1.5). Jesus tut es, um die Menschen zur Umkehr und zum Glauben zu bewegen, damit sie „das Leben haben und es in Fülle haben“ (J 10,10).
Rozwój innowacji a polityka ekologiczna Polski i Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Marciniuk-Kluska Anna , Chrząścik Ireneusz , Szymalska Magdalena , Kluska Mariusz
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the ecological strategy of the European Union and Poland as well as the aspects of the needs to implement innovations, the fast growth of the economy is influencing natural habitat more and more negatively. And at this stage new and more efficient technologies should be implemented and particularly eco-innovations. As the European Union directs more and more funds into this area, it becomes easier to receive financial aid. But the needs in this area are still enormous, they are particularly visible in those places where the danger zones for the natural habitat exist.
Poznawanie prawdy i zdolność przewidywania w naukach przyrodniczych
Authors: Grochowska Irena
Published: December 2020

Representatives of natural sciences (biologists, physicists, chemists) are scientists who deal with the part of knowledge regarding aspects of natural reality. If we regard natural reality to cosmos we can say that the possibilities of direct research are possible only in a small area. In spite of the limitations of access researchers do not get lost in the chaos of already studied separate images, but the gained experience, together with evolution of human thought create more and more uniform image, despite of numerous missing pieces.

Natural reality is complex, complicated and difficult to familiarize. One of the main problems of studying the natural reality is its complexity and variety of dynamic processes which create this reality. Another difficulty is the systematized and uniform terminology and concepts used. In the days of fast developing new disciplines and atomization of science it is almost impossible.

Natural reality exists independent of our knowledge of it. However the awareness of the difficulties and limitations in studying it should help in being responsible for the process of acquiring knowledge. Acquiring knowledge should therefore mirror the mechanisms existing in nature, that is why it was necessary to discuss the dynamics of getting to know nature with indication to some definitions of truth and its kinds, as well as various research mistakes.

Next to getting to know the things themselves it is important in science to detect and eliminate the mistakes. It is necessary to know the criteria of acknowledging or denying the genuine and false nature of research results, hypothesis or new theories in order to properly acquire knowledge about the natural world and properly communicate the results of studying.
Krytyka nauki w filozofii Johna Polkinghorne'a
Authors: Abdank-Kozubski Andrzej
Published: December 2020

Streszczenie tego tekstu nie jest dostępne.
Rola tradycji w procesie zacieśniania więzi etnicznej Łemków (druga połowa XIX - początek XX wieku)
Authors: Wójtowicz Bernadetta
Published: December 2020

Streszczenie tekstu nie jest dostępne.
Peran Stakeholder dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Usaha Mikro Kecil di Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat
Authors:   IPB University, Analia Devi
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi peran stakeholder dalam upaya meningkatkan kinerja usaha mikro dan kecil (UMK) di Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan metode Matrix of Alliance and Conflict: Tactics, Objective and Recomendation (MACTOR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM memiliki peranan yang sangat besar dalam meningkatkan kinerja UMK. Hubungan antar stakeholder menciptakan konvergensi dan divergensi. Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM, Dinas Perdagangan, Dinas Pariwisata, Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Perindustrian, serta Pendamping UMKM menunjukkan konvergensi yang sangat kuat dalam meningkatkan kinerja UMK. Kedekatan objektif dalam meningkatkan kinerja UMK adalah peran modal sosial rasa percaya dan jaringan. Hal ini memudahkan aliran informasi dan keberlanjutan UMK sehingga peningkatan motivasi, peningkatan keterampilan pelaku usaha, dan inovasi perlu dilakukan agar produk mampu menguasai pasar.
Solar Tunnel Drying System: A Literature Review
Authors:   Assam Agricultural University, Barooah Manas Jyoti , Sethi Laxmi Narayan ,   Assam University, Borah Abhijit ,   Assam Agricultural University
Published: December 2020

Production, productivity, and area under production from fruits and spices are gradually increasing. Improper processes of freshly harvested spice and fruit products will make them undergo qualitative deterioration with each passing hour. This deterioration is more pronounced in high humid areas. Drying process in one or the other form is essential. Freshly harvested spices and fruit products in average contain more than 80% moisture. The commodities need to be dried to have a moisture content below 10% in the shortest possible time for safe storage. Drying process in most cases are accomplished by the open sun. Meanwhile, the environmental condition in solar tunnel drying is enclosure type and the product is protected from rains, dust, insects, and rodents. Solar tunnel drying, a widely used bulk dryer, facilitates faster drying than open drying by virtue of the greenhouse effect. Commercial cultivators by and large choose faster drying methods using wood and fossil fuel-fired heating sources. This study attempts to review recent advances of various designs and working of the greenhouse drying system in totality, like auxiliary drying during off-sun hours, bulk drying feasibility, ease in loading and unloading along with an analysis of key features and economics involved.
Pengaruh Aplikasi Tiga Model Hidroponik DFT Terhadap Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors:   Politeknik Banjarnegara, Wibowo Sapto
Published: December 2020

Deep Flow Technique (DFT) merupakan salah satu sistem hidroponik dimana akar tanaman diletakkan dalam lapisan air dengan ketinggian 3 – 4 cm. Air tersebut tersirkulasi karena adanya dorongan dari pompa dan mengandung nutrisi sesuai kebutuhan tanaman. Beberapa model hidroponik DFT yang sudah dikembangkan diantaranya adalah model meja, model piramida, dan model anak tangga, dan ketiga model tersebut digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan terhadap rata-rata tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan berat tanaman pakcoy pada ketiga model hidroponik DFT tersebut. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Anava (Analisis Varians) one way karena hanya ada satu variabel independen pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan berat tanaman pakcoy dengan menggunakan hidroponik DFT model meja, model piramida, dan model anak tangga. Hidroponik DFT model piramida merupakan model yang menghasilkan tinggi tanaman paling baik, jumlah daun paling banyak, dan berat tanaman paling besar apabila dibandingkan dengan hidroponik DFT model meja dan model anak tangga, dengan hasil rata-rata tinggi tanaman 18.4 cm, rata-rata jumlah daun 10.8 helai, dan rata-rata berat tanaman 111.8 g.
The Place of Big Data in Addressing Emerged Issues in Vaccinology of the 21st Century
Authors: Pelčić Gordana , Ribas Salvador , Gjuran Coha Anamarija , Tucak Ivana , Vuletić Suzana , Pavlinović Silvana , Valković Ana
Published: December 2020

Vaccinology, as a great achievement of public health of the 20th century nowadays faces doubts, questions, and concerns that could be included in the term of vaccine hesitancy. The vaccinology in the 21st century is marked by the emerging anti-vaccine movements followed by a variety of attempts and approaches of professionals to resolve them. The globalization in health care on the one side and great technological achievements, on the other, create the possibilities where an enormous amount of data is publicly available. The professionals have based the benefits of vaccination on scientific data. Vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccine movements declare that they have
also based their policy on scientific data. On the first line of facing parental vaccine hesitancy are primary care pediatricians. They can testify their own limiting abilities to do so, as well as the limiting abilities of other professionals involved in vaccinology. In the situation of an enormous amount of data, they could be drowned out and interpreted in various ways. It is clear that the old-fashioned “defense” of the great public achievement of the 20 century - vaccinology - is no longer appropriate. On the other hand, a search of the literature shows the entry of “Big Data” into medicine in general and the public health and vaccinology. This paper attempts to position the role of Big Data (its benefits, traps, and ethical implications) in vaccinology in the 21st century based on the literature research and our propositions.
www: kritički potencijali anonimnog dijela interneta
Authors: Knorr Lidija
Published: December 2020

Količina informacija dostupna putem interneta zahtijeva postupke istraživanja i razvoj kompetencija za njihovu provjeru te prepoznavanje relevantnih informacija i njihovo klasificiranje. U radu se sažeto razmatraju (1) temeljno razlikovanje triju razina interneta (Surface Web, Deep Web i Dark Web) i njihovi kritički potencijali; (2) odgovarajuće kompetencije za obradu dostupnih informacija (kritičko mišljenje i informacijska pismenost) i (3) tri situacije primjene interneta i prijedlozi za cjelovitije kritičko korištenje interneta.
A brief historical overview of bioethical activism in Croatia
Authors: Kelam Ivica
Published: December 2020

There has been a universal agreement in the last couple of decades that bioethics education at all levels should be provided to citizens through the adoption of the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights by the UNESCO General Conference in 1997 and by the United Nations General Assembly in 1998. The work of bioethical educators in moral and (bio)ethical values was applied to the issues raised by modern science and technology. The process of learning is also recognized as being the result of complex interacting influences. Teaching in a bioethical context must recognize these interconnections because of the internal application to and impact on peoples’ lives. Furthermore, teaching in a bioethical context needs to use pedagogies that engage students in participatory activities to enable the development of multiple dimensions of knowledge. These dimensions include the scientific content as well as the personal, social, and emotional aspects associated with any particular bioethical issue. Therefore, it is crucial to highlight the importance of focusing on the nature of the controversy, recognizing that opinions are based on particular worldviews and critical reflection of personal views, as well as promoting open-mindedness or willingness to accommodate new views and develop a new bioethical perspective on life. The paper presents several examples of bioethical activism in Croatia that provided an impetus for teaching students in bioethical activism at the Faculty of Education. I will mention an example of the inclusion of the NGO Pobjede in a bioethical course on the subject of the ethical relation to animals. An example of NGO Pobjede activity was a stimulating example of bioethical activism for students.
Slojevitost zbiljnosti physikotatosa iz Klazomene
Authors: Kaluđerović Željko , Jašić Orhan , Miljević Ana
Published: December 2020

Ideja srodstva cjelokupne prirode nije bila ekskluzivno italska paradigma, nego se njeni tragovi mogu pronaći i u jonskoj tradiciji. Anaksagora je usvojio općerašireno gledište da je život najprije nastao iz vlage, topline i nečeg zemljolikog tj. zemljanog, a kasnije su se živa bića rađala jedna od drugih. On je pretpostavljao da se u svemu što se sjedinjuje nalaze mnoge i svakojake stvari, i neizmjerna raznolikost „sjemena”, i da su tako ljudi bili oblikovani i druga živa bića koja imaju dušu. Kada je, potom, postulirao Um (νοῦς) kao arche svega kretanja, Klazomenjanin je povezao sve slojeve zbiljnosti. Nous je za živa bića bio svojevrsna unutarnja moć, dok je za nežive stvari bio vanjska sila. Nije, zato, iznenađenje kad se pronađu mjesta na kojima stoji da i biljke posjeduju neki stupanj opažanja i mišljenja. Osim toga, Anaksagora (i Empedoklo) kažu da se biljke pokreću po prirodnoj žudnji, da osjećaju i da se žaloste i vesele. Anaksagora iznosi i stav da su biljke životinje (ζῷα εἶναι), a kao dokaz izrečene tvrdnje da biljke mogu osjećati „tugu i radost” (λυπεῖσθσαι καὶ ἥδεσθαι), navodi mijenjanje lišća. Usprkos argumentaciji drugih antičkih mislilaca da biljke i mnoge životinje ne dišu, filozof iz Klazomene držao je da biljke imaju disanje (πνοήν). Anaksagora je, štoviše, u (Pseudo) Aristotelovu spisu O biljkama, predstavljen, zajedno s Empedoklom i Demokritom, kao zastupnik teze da biljke imaju Um i sposobnost shvaćanja (γνῶσιν). Um je, slijedeći Anaksagoru, prisutan u svim živim bićima (ljudima, životinjama i biljkama) i u svima je isti. Razlike među ovim bićima, konačno, nisu posljedica suštinske diferencije među njihovim dušama, već su posljedica razlika među njihovim tijelima, koja olakšavaju ili otežavaju potpunije djelovanje Nousa.
Rousseauova prirodna pedagogija
Authors: Sunajko Goran
Published: December 2020

Rad razmatra Rousseauovo romantičarsko okretanje prirodi u epohi razuma. Kada su gotovo svi relevantni francuski prosvjetitelji (Voltaire, Diderot, d'Alembert, Montesquieu i dr.) smisao izgradnje modernoga čovjeka vidjeli u odgoju putem racionalizma, Rousseau je upozoravao da je priroda prvi učitelj od kojeg dijete, a onda i građanin, treba učiti. Znanosti i umjetnosti zbog svoje kompetitivne naravi iskvarile su prirodnoga dovjeka, kojemu je priroda dala ljubav prema sebi i milosrđe prema drugome, vrijednosti koje ekonomski kompetitivni racionalizam stavlja u drugi plan. Cilj je izlaganja afirmirati Rousseauov koncept »Druge prirode« koji afirmira harmoniju društva temeljenu na prirodnom poretku. Rousseauva »prirodna pedagogija« zastupljena je kroz čitavu njegovu filozofiju, od filozofije umjetnosti (Discours sur les sciences et les arts; Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloïse; Lettre sur les spectacles) i filozofije odgoja (Émile ou de l’éducation; Les Rêveries du promeneur solitaire) preko filozofije politike (Du contrat social) i filozofije ekonomije (Discours sur l’origine et les fondements de l’inégalité parmi les hommes; Économie politique) do metafizike (Profession de foi du vicaire savoyard). U svim navedenim djelima zrcali se Rousseauov pokušaj da preko prirodnih načela odgoji modernoga čovjeka i njegovo društvo. U biti njegove filozofije jasno se može uočiti pogrešan stav mnogih interpreta kako je Rousseau stvorio pretpostavke Francuskoj revoluciji. Naprotiv, Rousseau je filozof prirode, kako stoji i na njegovu nadgrobnom epitafu u Panthéonu. On je odgajao pojedinca koji neće biti »čovjek revolucije« jer u sebi sadrži dovoljno ljubavi prema sebi i drugome da bi zadavao udarce pojedincu i društvu. Iz Rousseauove se filozofije, stoga, ne može izvesti pledoaje za revoluciju.
Bioethical topics in the works of Kvirin Vasilj (1917 – 2006)
Authors: Tomić Draženko
Published: December 2020

Kvirin Vasilj (1917 – 2006), an authentic thinker of the 20th century, in his philosophical deliberation, he touches on various aspects of human existence, including those that are today identified as bioethical challenges. Thus, bioethics is present in his deliberations, although the term bioethics as such is not found in any of his six hundred works, and they often relate to the meaning, quality, the beginning and the end of human life. Between these two endpoints of an individual’s existence, Vasilj places a considerable emphasis on the very practical dimensions of duration, nature protection, quality of life and more. It should also be noted that Vasilj often uses these themes as a basis on which to present or explain some anthropological, even ontological, issues.
Community of philosophical inquiry as a method in early bioethical education
Authors: Ćurko Bruno
Published: December 2020

‘Community of inquiry’ is a concept introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce, and was originally restricted to the practitioners of scientific inquiry. M. Lipman (2003) expanded this concept by moving it into a broader setting – the classroom. He converted the classroom into a community of inquiry, in which “students listen to one another with respect, build on one another’s ideas, challenge one another to supply reasons for otherwise unsupported opinions, assist each other in drawing inferences from what has been said, and seek to identify one another’s assumptions.” David Kennedy (2012) claimed how “Lipman, taking a cue from his friend and mentor Justus Buchler, developed and called ‘community of philosophical inquiry’— the most appropriate way to practice with students the philosophical curriculum that he had developed. This idea is also a philosophical one, and it has a farreaching implication, both practical and theoretical – for learning theory, for theory of teaching, for argumentation theory, for theory of knowledge, for group psychology, for moral education, and perhaps, ultimately of the greatest importance, for grounded political theory and practice.” In various and different approaches to philosophy with children, we can find a community of philosophical inquiry as one of the main methods. For instance, a community of philosophical inquiry is one of the methods used in Ethics and Values Education: “The term ethics and values education (EVE) applies to all aspects of education which either explicitly or implicitly relate to ethical dimensions of life and are such that can be structured, regulated and monitored with appropriate educational methods and tools.” (Strahovnik, 2015). Leaning on the cited definition of EVE, if we focus specifically on the issues of the contemporary world with its ecological crisis and rapid digitalization, we can set the relation of the ethical dimensions of life as a bioethical question. Using methodology for the community of philosophical inquiry as a basis for bioethical questioning, we can satisfy the need for innovative and effective bioethical education from an early age. In my lecture, I will show how the community of philosophical inquiry can be connected withbioethical topics such as the relationship between man and wild animals, man and plants, man and nature in global, etc.
A Traceable and Reliable Electronic Supply Chain System Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Mohammed Shaniar Tahir , Hussien Jamal Ali
Published: December 2020

Electronic supply chain (ESC) is a network among the parties of a supply chain system, such as manufacturers, suppliers, and retailers. It recodes all the processes involved in the distribution of specific products until transported to final customers. Blockchain (BC) technology is a decentralized network that records all the transactions in real-time and is used in many areas such as cryptocurrency. In this paper, we work on an ESC system that records all the transactions based on BC technology using a drug supply chain system as a case study. The recording of the transactions consists of three main stages. First, all the parties of the ESC system are represented in the BC network as clients with unique identities. Second, all the information related to a specific drug is recorded inside the transaction and each transaction has its own signature. Finally, all the transactions of the drug from the manufacture to the patient are recorded inside a block with a unique identity for each block. These steps inside the BC are performed based on security cryptography mechanisms, such as rivest-shamir-adleman (RSA) and secure hash algorithm SHA. The results illustrate that the proposed approach protects the drugs from counterfeiting, ensures the reliability, and provides a real-time tracking system for the transactions that have occurred among ESC parties.
Automated Travel History Extraction From Clinical Notes for Informing the Detection of Emergent Infectious Disease Events: Algorithm Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Peterson Kelly S , Lewis Julia , Patterson Olga V , Chapman Alec B , Denhalter Daniel W , Lye Patricia A , Stevens Vanessa W , Gamage Shantini D , Roselle Gary A , Wallace Katherine S , Jones Makoto
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Patient travel history can be crucial in evaluating evolving infectious disease events. Such information can be challenging to acquire in electronic health records, as it is often available only in unstructured text.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the feasibility of annotating and automatically extracting travel history mentions from unstructured clinical documents in the Department of Veterans Affairs across disparate health care facilities and among millions of patients. Information about travel exposure augments existing surveillance applications for increased preparedness in responding quickly to public health threats.

METHODS

Clinical documents related to arboviral disease were annotated following selection using a semiautomated bootstrapping process. Using annotated instances as training data, models were developed to extract from unstructured clinical text any mention of affirmed travel locations outside of the continental United States. Automated text processing models were evaluated, involving machine learning and neural language models for extraction accuracy.

RESULTS

Among 4584 annotated instances, 2659 (58%) contained an affirmed mention of travel history, while 347 (7.6%) were negated. Interannotator agreement resulted in a document-level Cohen kappa of 0.776. Automated text processing accuracy (F1 85.6, 95% CI 82.5-87.9) and computational burden were acceptable such that the system can provide a rapid screen for public health events.

CONCLUSIONS

Automated extraction of patient travel history from clinical documents is feasible for enhanced passive surveillance public health systems. Without such a system, it would usually be necessary to manually review charts to identify recent travel or lack of travel, use an electronic health record that enforces travel history documentation, or ignore this potential source of information altogether. The development of this tool was initially motivated by emergent arboviral diseases. More recently, this system was used in the early phases of response to COVID-19 in the United States, although its utility was limited to a relatively brief window due to the rapid domestic spread of the virus. Such systems may aid future efforts to prevent and contain the spread of infectious diseases.
ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECTS OF THE NORTHERN BERRY EXTRACTS IN THE STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED RAT MODEL OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors:   Budgetary institution of higher education of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra ", Krivykh E.А. ,   Khanty-Mansiysk state medical Academy", Gulyaev А.E. ,   Private institution "National Laboratory Astana" Nazarbayev University, Kovalenko L.V. ,   Budgetary institution of higher education of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra «Surgut state University», Shulgau Z.T. ,   Republican state enterprise "National center of biotechnology"
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to study the potential therapeutic properties of water-alcohol extracts of bilberry, blueberries, cowberries, cranberries, on the model of experimental streptozotocin diabetes mellitus. Research material and methods. Wild bilberry, cowberries, cranberries and blueberries collected in the summer and autumn of 2018 in the Surgut district of the Khanty-Mansiysk district of the Tyumen region of the Russian Federation were used to obtain polyphenolic water-alcohol extracts of Northern berries. The extracts were concentrated in a vacuum evaporator to the level of polyphenols in 10 mg / ml. the Rats were injected with polyphenol extracts at the rate of 10 mg / kg (the input volume of 0.2-0.3 ml). Results. The concentration of polyphenols in the samples was studied using a commercial set for determining the concentration of polyphenols «Polyphenols folin-ciocalteu (ENOLOGY line by BioSytems. Spain)», in accordance with the instructions of the reagent manufacturer. The results were expressed in the equivalent of Gallic acid, i.e. mg of Gallic acid/ml of berry extract (mgGAE /ml Conclusion. A model of type II diabetes mellitus obtained in rats with streptozotocin was used to study the effect of extracts of wild bilberry, cowberries, cranberries and blueberries in North-Western Siberia on the level of glycemia and insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, the level of expression of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the liver and adipose tissue of rats, and histopathological changes in pancreatic tissue were also established. Determined that extracts of bilberry, cowberries, cranberries and blueberry on the model of diabetes reduces the severity of insulin resistance such as Metformin, lower blood glucose levels (except lingonberry extract), reduce the concentration of triglycerides (except cowberries extract), reduces the concentration of LDL (except cranberries and cowberries). The use of blueberry extract on the background of diabetes reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes IL-6, TNF-α and CRP. At the same time, extracts of Northern berries in the blood plasma prevent excessive release of free radicals and increase antioxidant activity. Pathomorphological studies of pancreatic tissue document a lower degree of damage to the Langerhans islets against the background of the introduction of Northern berry extracts.
STUDY OF THE AVERAGE AGE OF OCCURRENCE OF GENE MUTATIONS IN ACUTE MYELOMONOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Vinogradov A.V.
Published: December 2020

Aim: to determine the average age of occurrence of gene mutations in acute myelomonoblastic leukemia (AMML). Materials and methods. Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 40 patients (average age 50 years, including 13 aged 15 to 45 years, 15 aged 45-60 years, 12 aged over 60 years) with newly detected AMML were examined. Detection of chromosomal abnormalities was performed using standard cytogenetic and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Point mutations were screened in 8 genes: FLT3 (n=35), NPM1 (n=25), TP53 (n=24), C-KIT (n=23), NRAS (n=19), WT1 (n=18), DNMT3A (n=13), and KRAS (n=4) by direct automatic sequencing method. Results. The majority of patients (56.3%) had a normal karyotype, 15.6% had aneuploid karyotype, and 28.1% had other structural and quantitative chromosome abnormalities. 35.0% of patients had point mutations in the studied genes at the time of diagnosis of OMML. The highest mutation rates were found for the DNMT3A (30.8%), NPM1 (20.0%), and FLT3 (20.0%) genes. The frequency of double mutants was 15.2%. The average age of detection of mutations in the c-KIT and NPM1 genes corresponded to young adults (33.5±2.9 and 44.2±11.4, respectively), for 3 genes — to middle age (DNMT3A — 49.3±18.4; WT1 — 51.0; FLT3 — 54.0±12.3), for the TP53 gene — to the elderly (n=1, 63 years). The average age of double mutants was 42.2±13.7 years due to NPM1 and c-KIT co-mutations.