bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent progress of porous cage materials in sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and detection
Authors: Hu Hongzhi , Xia Ling , Li Gongke , Chen Yi
Published: August 2024

Porous cage materials with certain dimensions, sizes, shapes, and functions have been regarded as promising materials for sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and detection process. In contrast to infinite frameworks such as metal‐organic frameworks or covalent organic frameworks, porous cage materials are constructed from discrete molecules containing at least one internal cavity. The well‐defined cavities in porous cage materials provide opportunities for non‐covalent interactions. These interactions can be programmed into the ligand design or supramolecular cage constructing using the cages as building blocks, offering various host‐guest recognition with great selectivity. In this review, we desire to elucidate the fundamental principles governing the design and fabrication of porous cage materials with well‐defined cavities, good solvent processability, and modifiable groups, the applications of these porous cage materials in sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and detection were discussed. The recent advantages of porous cage materials for the analysis process were summarized. We state the potential of these materials and provide an outlook for further application strategies. We expect that this review can inspire interest in the porous cage materials research area for analysis.
Habitual patellar dislocation exhibits less severe rotational deformities but poorer trochlear development and higher incidence of patella baja compared with recurrent patellar dislocation in skeletally mature patients
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Feng Zheng , Di Menglinqian , Wang Daofeng , Zheng Tong , Zhang Hui
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study compared the radiological characteristics between habitual and recurrent patellar dislocation in skeletally mature patients.

Methods

From 2017 to 2019, 77 skeletally mature patients with habitual patellar dislocation were surgically treated at a single institution and reviewed retrospectively. A total of 55 knees from these patients were included in the habitual patellar dislocation group. During the same period, 55 knees with recurrent patellar dislocation were randomly selected from 242 patients and included in the recurrent patellar dislocation group. Various bony deformities were measured and compared between the two groups. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was conducted among patients with habitual patellar dislocation, comparing those with and without an ‘invisible patella’ observed on true lateral views with 30° of knee flexion.

Results

The femoral anteversion angle (21.8° vs. 26.3°, p = 0.041), tibiofemoral rotation angle (9.7° vs. 12.4°, p = 0.042) and external tibial rotation angle (24.3° vs. 29.6°, p = 0.001) in the habitual patellar dislocation group were significantly lower than those in the recurrent patellar dislocation group. 54% of knees in the habitual patellar dislocation group had a patella baja, and this was in sharp contrast to the recurrent patellar dislocation group in which none of the knees had a patella baja. 49.1% of knees in the habitual patellar dislocation group showed ‘invisible patella’ at 30° of knee flexion, and knees with ‘invisible patella’ had significantly higher tibial tubercle‐trochlear groove (TT‐TG) distance (30.4 vs. 19.8, p < 0.001) and tibiofemoral rotation angle (13.2° vs. 6.4°, p < 0.001) than knees with a visible patella.

Conclusions

A distinct difference in bony anatomical features was observed between habitual and recurrent patellar dislocation in skeletally mature patients. Habitual patellar dislocation exhibited less severe rotational deformities of the lower extremity but showed poorer trochlear and patellar development, a larger TT‐TG distance and a higher incidence of patella baja compared with recurrent patellar dislocation.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Returning to pre‐injury level of sports before 9 months after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction increases the incidence of anterior knee pain in young patients
Authors: Xu Chenyue , Zhao Yuchen , Ni Zhengyi , Li Kehan , Kang Huijun , Wang Fei
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to identify the risk factors for anterior knee pain (AKP) after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR).

Methods

Patients aged 15–35 years who underwent isolated MPFLR between 2012 and 2022 were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups (AKP and control group). Patient demographics and preoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes between the two groups were assessed and compared. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the potential risk factors associated with postoperative AKP. Subgroup analysis stratified the results based on the time to return to sports (RTS) (>9 and ≤9 months). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis was performed to investigate the association between Kujala score and time to RTS.

Results

A total of 206 patients were included (AKP, n = 59; control, n = 147). At the 2‐year follow‐up, patients with AKP demonstrated a shorter duration in returning to their pre‐injury activity level compared to those without AKP (9.0 ± 3.6 vs. 10.3 ± 2.7 months, p < 0.05). RTS earlier than 9 months after MPFLR was the only significant risk factor associated with postoperative AKP (odds ratio, 2.13, 95% confidence interval, 1.03‐4.39; p < 0.05). Further subgroup analysis revealed that patient RTS earlier than 9 months exhibited worse patient‐reported outcomes in both the total cohort and control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, among patient RTS within 9 months, a longer recovery duration before RTS strongly correlated with a higher Kujala score (R = 0.670, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Young patients who RTS at their pre‐injury levels before 9 months after MPFLR have a higher incidence of postoperative AKP and poorer functional outcomes compared to those who delay their return. Specifically, within the first 9 months after MPFLR, the earlier the RTS, the more severe the AKP symptoms. Careful consideration of the timing for RTS may help reduce the incidence of postoperative AKP.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Decoupled cycling of particulate cadmium and phosphorus in the subtropical Northwest Pacific
Authors: Zhang Kan , Zhou Kuanbo , Cai Yihua , Yuan Zhongwei , Chen Yaojin , Xu Feipeng , Liu Xin , Cao Zhimian , Dai Minhan
Published: August 2024

We examined the spatial variation in size‐fractionated (0.8–51 and > 51 μm) particulate cadmium (Cd) and phosphorus (P) based on a large dataset collected during a GEOTRACES Section cruise (GP09) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) to better understand the interrelationship between Cd and P biogeochemical cycles. Concentrations of particulate Cd (0.06–2.15 pmol L−1) and P (0.33–10.19 nmol L−1) showed an initial increase with depth followed by a decrease, and were among the lowest observed in the global ocean. Bulk particulate Cd : P ratios in the euphotic zone, indicative of phytoplankton Cd assimilation, showed strong geographic variability averaging 0.05 ± 0.02 within the NPSG interior vs. 0.14 ± 0.04 pmol nmol−1 at the southern boundary. Cadmium to P remineralization ratio in the mesopelagic zone had a roughly similar stoichiometry as what was produced in the euphotic zone, being ~ 0.05 ± 0.01 in the NPSG interior vs. 0.21 ± 0.04 pmol nmol−1 at the southern boundary. Cd–P decoupling was reflected in the elements' vertical distribution, showing unsynchronized changes through the water column, consistent with Cd–P differential remineralization resulting from multiple Cd and P pools. The Cd–P relationship also differed between small and large particles, suggesting differences in Cd assimilation among phytoplankton assemblages as well as particle dynamic processes. Our results highlight complex processes fractionating Cd from P in the oligotrophic ocean and complicate the use of Cd as a palaeo‐phosphate proxy.
Heterogeneously Integrated Photonics Based on Thin Film Lithium Niobate Platform
Authors: Han Huangpu , Ruan Shuangchen , Xiang Bingxi
Published: August 2024

The emergence of high‐quality thin film lithium niobate on an insulator has opened up new research opportunities in the field of integrated photonics devices. Through heterogeneous integration, it is possible to integrate light sources, electro‐optic modulators, photodetectors, and other key components onto a single chip, achieving multifunctionality. This is an accomplishment beyond the capability of standalone thin film lithium niobate. Heterogeneous integration offers an effective approach to develop photonic integrated circuits based on thin film lithium niobate platform. This review article summarizes recent advances in heterogeneously integrated photonics based on thin film lithium niobate platform. This work provides an overview of basic heterogeneously integrated photonics materials, including silicon, silicon nitride, III–V semiconductors, and 2D materials, and basic devices such as waveguides, grating couplers, lasers, microring resonators, electro‐optic modulators, and photodetectors. This work discusses the operating mechanism, design principle, fabrication methodology, and performance metrics of each device. Finally, this work summarizes the recent key advances in heterogeneously integrated photonics based on thin film lithium niobate platform and addresses the challenges that need to be tackled for the future development.
Symmetric Deep‐Blue Hot Exciton Emitter Dominated by Locally Excited State Anti‐Kasha Emission
Authors: Wu Yujie , Zhang Jiasen , Chen Shaofeng , Li Wei , Liu Chunyu , Mu Xilin , Feng Tingting , Chen Dongcheng , Fang Kaibo , Wu Lin , Wang Tao , Ge Ziyi
Published: August 2024

The advancement of deep‐blue luminophores with high efficiency, color purity, and stable characteristics remains hindered by the absence of effective molecular design methodologies. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept deep blue hot exciton emitter, namely 2ANAC is designed and synthesized, featuring a rod‐like, symmetric π‐donor‐σ‐donor‐π (π‐D‐σ‐D‐π) molecular architecture to address the above challenges. The symmetric molecular structure endows numerous degenerate excited state characteristics, facilitating intersystem crossing between energy closely singlet and triplet states. Owing to nearly perpendicular conformation between the D‐π moieties, the formed low‐lying singlet excited (S1 to S4) states exhibit minimal oscillator strengths. In contrast, the fifth singlet excited (S5) state boasts a significantly higher oscillator strength. This indicates the potential for anti‐Kasha emission behavior, thus promoting the highly emissive deep‐blue luminescence from the locally excited state with a relatively small full width at half maximum. Furthermore, the long‐axial molecular architecture confers as high as 90% of the horizontal dipole ratio. The corresponding non‐doped deep‐blue OLED based on 2ANAC exhibits an outstanding maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.8% with minimal efficiency roll‐off, representing one of the highest reported values for deep‐blue hot exciton OLEDs.
OGG1: An emerging multifunctional therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Zhong Yunxiao , Zhang Xinya , Feng Ruibing , Fan Yu , Zhang Zhang , Zhang Qing‐Wen , Wan Jian‐Bo , Wang Yitao , Yu Hua , Li Guodong
Published: August 2024

Oxidative DNA damage‐related diseases, such as incurable inflammation, malignant tumors, and age‐related disorders, present significant challenges in modern medicine due to their complex molecular mechanisms and limitations in identifying effective treatment targets. Recently, 8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) has emerged as a promising multifunctional therapeutic target for the treatment of these challenging diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the multiple functions and mechanisms of OGG1, including pro‐inflammatory, tumorigenic, and aging regulatory mechanisms. We also highlight the potential of OGG1 inhibitors and activators as potent therapeutic agents for the aforementioned life‐limiting diseases. We conclude that OGG1 serves as a multifunctional hub; the inhibition of OGG1 may provide a novel approach for preventing and treating inflammation and cancer, and the activation of OGG1 could be a strategy for preventing age‐related disorders. Furthermore, we provide an extensive overview of successful applications of OGG1 regulation in treating inflammatory, cancerous, and aging‐related diseases. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions of OGG1 as an emerging multifunctional therapeutic marker for the aforementioned challenging diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a robust reference for scientific researchers and clinical drug developers in the development of novel clinical targeted drugs for life‐limiting diseases, especially for incurable inflammation, malignant tumors, and age‐related disorders.
The face of Non‐photosensitive trichothiodystrophy phenotypic spectrum: A subsequent study on paediatric population
Authors: Pascolini Giulia , Lipari Martina , Gaudioso Federica , Fania Luca , Di Zenzo Giovanni , Didona Biagio
Published: August 2024

Background

Non‐photosensitive trichothiodystrophies (TTDs) are a diverse group of genodermatoses within the subset of conditions known as “sulphur‐deficient brittle hair” syndromes. A part of them has only recently been identified, revealing novel causative genes and very rare phenotypes of these genetic skin disorders. At the same time, the molecular basis of previously published and unresolved cases has been revealed through the introduction of innovative genetic techniques. We have previously described the facial phenotype of patients with the Photosensitive form of TTD during childhood. This study marks the beginning of an effort to expand the analysis to include individuals of the same age who do not have photosensitivity.

Methods

A total of 26 facial portraits of TTD paediatric patients with Non‐photosensitivity from the literature were analysed using computer‐aided technologies, and their facial features were examined through a detailed clinical review.

Results

Distinct facial features were identified in both Photosensitive and Non‐photosensitive TTDs.

Conclusion

The present study has comprehensively elucidated the facial features in TTDs, encompassing the Non‐photosensitive clinical spectrum.
Enhancing cancer immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy by regulating gut microbes: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Xu Jie , Tian Yaomei , Hu Die , Yan Xi , Yang Li
Published: August 2024

As the largest microecosystem in the human body, gut microbes (GMs) and their metabolites play an important role in regulating human health. In recent years, immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) combined with antiangiogenic agents is an emerging combination therapy for cancer. There is growing evidence that GMs can affect the effectiveness of drugs to treat cancer. GMs not only regulate angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, but also influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Many studies show that Bifidobacterium can upregulate the anticancer function of immune checkpoint blockers. In addition, GMs have been found to be involved in the formation of blood vessels and other developmental processes. Clinically, GMs are believed to play a key role in patients receiving antiangiogenic therapy and ICT. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the composition and function of the gut microbiome, and discuss the role of the GMs against the conditioning of angiogenic therapy and ICT. We also summarize new approaches and clinical translational trials using GMs for cancer therapy, and present opportunities and challenges for targeting GMs for cancer therapy in the future.
Superposition‐based concurrent multiscale approaches for porodynamics
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Jian‐Min , Fish Jacob , Wang Rui
Published: August 2024

The current study presents superposition‐based concurrent multiscale approaches for porodynamics, capable of capturing related physical phenomena, such as soil liquefaction and dynamic hydraulic fracture branching, across different spatial length scales. Two scenarios are considered: superposition of finite element discretizations with varying mesh densities, and superposition of peridynamics (PD) and finite element method (FEM) to handle discontinuities like strain localization and cracks. The approach decomposes the acceleration and the rate of change in pore water pressure into subdomain solutions approximated by different models, allowing high‐fidelity models to be used locally in regions of interest, such as crack tips or shear bands, without neglecting the far‐field influence represented by low‐fidelity models. The coupled stiffness, mass, compressibility, permeability, and damping matrices were derived based on the superposition‐based current multiscale framework. The proposed FEM‐FEM porodynamic coupling approach was validated against analytical or numerical solutions for one‐ and two‐dimensional dynamic consolidation problems. The PD‐FEM porodynamic coupling model was applied to scenarios like soil liquefaction‐induced shear strain accumulation near a low‐permeability interlayer in a layered deposit and dynamic hydraulic fracturing branching. It has been shown that the coupled porodynamic model offers modeling flexibility and efficiency by taking advantage of FEM in modeling complex domains and the PD ability to resolve discontinuities.
Assigning parcel destinations to drop‐off points in a congested robotic sorting system
Authors: Chen Yuerong , Xu Xianhao , Zou Bipan , De Koster René , Gong Yeming
Published: August 2024

Autonomous mobile robots are increasingly used for order picking, order delivery, and parcel sorting. This article studies a robotic sorting system that uses robots to transport parcels from loading stations to drop‐off points. While this system provides more flexible throughput capacity than conventional sorting systems, its performance is significantly affected by the robot travel distance and robot congestion. We study the problem of assigning parcel destinations to drop‐off points to minimize the throughput time, trading off travel distance and congestion. First, an open queuing network (OQN) with finite capacity queues is constructed to estimate the congested throughput time. A decomposition method based on the analysis of the tandem queuing network of each aisle is developed to solve the OQN. Second, using the obtained throughput time as an objective and the destination assignments as decisions, we formulate an optimization model and solve the problem using an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm. We validate the accuracy of the OQN by simulation and verify the efficiency of the ALNS algorithm by comparing it with Gurobi, a tabu search algorithm, several heuristic assignment rules, and the rule used by our case company, that assigns high demands close to loading stations. The results show that the ALNS solution provides a relatively low throughput time by dispersing destinations with high demands over drop‐off points. In addition, we investigate the effects of different system layouts and travel path topologies. We also show that the ALNS assignment rule produces substantially lower operational costs than the heuristic assignment rules for a given required throughput capacity.
Innovative imaging of iron deposits using cross‐gradient joint inversion of potential field data with petrophysical correlation
Authors: Sadraeifar Bardiya , Abedi Maysam
Published: August 2024

This study demonstrates the application of the cross‐gradient joint inversion method to investigate iron mineralization zones within a volcano‐sedimentary environment. The presence of minerals with intense contrasts in density or magnetic susceptibility, such as hematite or magnetite, facilitates modelling the distribution of ore bodies with depth. Our approach involves establishing a unified interpretation of reconstructed density and susceptibility models through both independent and joint inversion with sparsity regularization in conjunction with a petrophysical model resulting from core data. This approach provides an ideal strategy to uncover the realistic geologic setting of iron ore deposits. We initially simulated a synthetic model closely resembling real‐case scenarios to assess the efficacy of the cross‐gradient joint inversion algorithm in comparison to independent inversion. Subsequently, the inversion algorithms were implemented on gravity and magnetic data, collected over an area of 500 × 600 m2 in Shavaz iron‐bearing deposits located in the central Iranian block. The primary iron oxide–apatite type mineralization in the study area is associated with the Nain–Dehshir–Baft fault as a NW–SE trending strike‐slip fault. Although both inversion methods yield satisfactory models, incorporating the cross‐gradient constraint in joint inversion resulted in a more constrained delineation of iron–oxide ore deposits in the fault system. This improvement facilitates the differentiation between hematite and a small percentage of magnetite, providing a more accurate estimation of ore depth. Inversion results suggest that the magnetite mineralization is coated with extensive hematite mineralization and both are positioned relatively within the same depth interval, covered by approximately a 15–25 m sequence of sediments.
The intricate relationship between obesity, type 2 diabetes and female breast cancer: A retrospective study of 335 women
Authors: Milani Ilaria , Gaita Chiara , Guarisco Gloria , Chinucci Marianna , Parisella Roberta , Piroli Silvia , Bruno Eleonora , Martellucci Annunziata , De Falco Elena , Ricci Fabio , Calogero Antonella , Leonetti Frida , Capoccia Danila
Published: August 2024

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for female breast cancer (FBC). Obesity has also been associated with FBC, also depending on menopausal status. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of obesity and T2D on the development, aggressiveness, and invasiveness of FBC.

Methods

Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data from 335 women with FBC were collected, and analyzed according to weight category (102 normal weight, 117 overweight, and 116 living with obesity) and the presence/absence of T2D.

Results

Age at oncologic diagnosis was not statistically significantly different for body weight; women with overweight or obesity were more likely to have an oncologic diagnosis after menopause than normal weight (p < 0.001). The presence of overweight/obesity and T2D seemed to be associated with a higher incidence of metastasis, recurrence, and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype (p < 0.001). Excess body weight was also associated with high histologic grade (G3) (p < 0.005).

Conclusions

These results confirm excess body weight and T2D as unfavorable prognostic factors in terms of the presence of the TNBC subtype, tumor metastasis, recurrence, and aggressiveness (G3 and Ki‐67 > 20%). This study highlights the importance of prevention in all women, with early screening, and adequate nutritional programs.
Incorporating intensity modulated total body irradiation into a Children's Oncology Group trial: Rationale, techniques, and safeguards
Authors: Milgrom Sarah A. , Dandapani Savita V. , Wong Jeffrey , Kalapurakal John , Smith Koren S. , Han Chunhui , Simiele Eric , Hua Chia‐ho , Fitzgerald Thomas J. , Kry Stephen , Wong Kenneth , Symons Heather , Kovalchuk Nataliya , Hiniker Susan M.
Published: August 2024

Historically, total body irradiation (TBI) has been delivered using static, parallel opposed photon beams (2D‐TBI). Recently, centers have increasingly used intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques for TBI. Relative to 2D‐TBI, IMRT can reduce doses to critical organs (i.e., lungs and kidneys) while delivering myeloablative doses to the rest of the body, so it may decrease the risk of toxicity while maintaining oncologic outcomes. Despite these potential benefits, delivering TBI using IMRT introduces new challenges in treatment planning and delivery. We describe the extensive experience with IMRT‐based TBI at Stanford University and City of Hope Cancer Center. These groups, and others, have reported favorable clinical outcomes and have developed methods to optimize treatment planning and delivery. A critical next step is to evaluate the broader adoption of this approach. Therefore, IMRT‐based TBI will be incorporated into a prospective, multi‐institutional Children's Oncology Group study with careful procedures and safeguards in place.
Improving interfacial bonding and impact characteristics of Sandwich composites by interweaving carbon fiber
Authors: Rajesh Shalaka , Taywade Soham Ravindra , Devaraj Selwyn Jebadurai , Arputham Arul Jeya Kumar
Published: August 2024

Sandwich composites consist of two external face sheets and an inner core, offering enhanced strength, stiffness, and weight efficiency. While widely used across industries like construction, marine, automotive, and aerospace, they do have drawbacks such as buckling, low damage resistance, and delamination. This study focused on fabricating two sandwich composite plates using the vacuum infusion method, with PVC foam as the core and glass fiber face sheets and epoxy resin as the binding agent. One plate had carbon fibers interwoven into the core to improve interfacial fracture toughness and low‐velocity impact resistance. Testing based on ASTM standards revealed significant enhancements with the addition of interwoven carbon fibers. The composite with carbon fibers exhibited a 98.26% increase in interfacial fracture toughness and a 22.368% increase in peak force during low‐velocity impact, indicating superior load‐bearing capacity. Moreover, it demonstrated a 2.08% improvement in total energy absorption and a 9.83% increase in total deformation compared to the standard composite material. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating carbon fibers into sandwich composites for enhanced performance under varied conditions.

Highlights

Two sandwich composite sheets were manufactured using vacuum infusion process

One sheet consisted carbon fiber interwoven in the core material of the composite

Interfacial fracture toughness test was conducted using modified three‐point bend test

Low velocity impact test was performed for the two specimens

The results of the two tests for both the specimens were compared and evaluated
Miscible blends of chemically‐modified poly(phenylene oxides) with styrene copolymers containing polar groups
Authors: Chung James Yoon‐Jin
Published: August 2024

Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) is well‐known to be miscible with polystyrene, but immiscible with styrene copolymers containing polar groups. Certain nitrated‐PPOs (NPPOs) were found to be miscible with copolymers of styrene/acrylonitrile (SANs), copolymers of styrene/maleic anhydride (SMAs), a terpolymer of α‐methylstyrene/styrene/acrylonitrile (α‐MS/S/AN), and a copolymer of o‐ and p‐chlorostyrene (PCS). Also, certain simultaneously nitrated‐ and chlorinated‐PPOs (NCPPOs) were found to be miscible with SANs, SMAs and PCS whereas immiscible with the α‐MS/S/AN. The miscibility was indicated by the presence of a single composition‐dependent glass‐transition temperature for a given blend across the entire range of blend compositions tested. The miscibility of the aforementioned NPPOs and NCPPOs blends with SAN1 and SMA1 is attributed to hydrogen bonding of hydroxy groups of NPPOs and NCPPOs with nitrile groups and carbonyl groups, respectively, based on the literature information. The hydroxy groups were generated during nitration and simultaneous nitration/chlorination of PPO as a result of nucleophilic chain scission. Miscible blends of ‐NPPO/SAN and ‐NPPO/SMA with ABS1 showed a substantially better balance of the following properties than a comparable immiscible‐NPPO/SAN blend and a ‐PPO/SAN blend with ABS1: notched Izod impact strength, tensile properties, heat distortion temperature and gasoline stress‐crack resistance.

Highlights

Nitration and simultaneous nitration/chlorination of PPO generated hydroxyl end groups.

Certain NPPOs and NCPPOs were miscible with SANs, SMAs and PCS.

Miscibility indicated by a single composition dependent Tg for a given blend.

Miscibility attributed to hydrogen bonding of respective functional groups.

Impact‐modified miscible‐NPPO/SAN blends and ‐NPPO/SMA blends with ABS1 as impact modifier had good key properties.
Synchronous Isotopic Curves in Ice Wedges of the Batagay Yedoma: Precision Matching and Similarity Scoring
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij K. , Vasil'chuk Alla C. , Budantseva Nadine A. , Vasil'chuk Jessica Yu. , Ginzburg Alexander P.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study is to compare the results of the stable isotope analysis (δ18O, δ2H, and deuterium excess values) of parallel and synchronous ice wedges exposed in one outcrop in the upper part of the Batagay Yedoma (67.58° N, 134.77° E) and to estimate their precision, that is, a measure of similarity of independent isotope results of two ice wedges. Detailed sampling of two syngenetic ice wedges (IW‐17 and IW‐20) for isotope analysis was carried out in the exposure of the thermo‐erosional ravine in the southeastern part of the Batagay megaslump. In total, results of 105 measurements for IW‐17 and 59 measurements for IW‐20 were obtained. According to 14C AMS ages of organic microinclusions in the ice‐wedge ice, the studied ice wedges began to form no later than 42 cal ka BP. The termination of their growth was dated to about 11.7 cal ka BP. For both ice wedges, generally low isotope values were obtained. For the IW‐17, the mean values are −34.38‰ for δ18O, −264.82‰ for δ2H, and 10.2‰ for dexc. For IW‐20, the mean isotope values are −34.09‰ for δ18O, −262.91‰ for δ2H, and 9.84‰ for dexc. Statistical tests showed significant correlations between the isotope data in the upper parts of ice wedges that may be explained by similar conditions during their growth at this stage. Our results allow us to refine the solutions to the two main issues studied of the Late Pleistocene Yedoma: the age of the ice wedges, the accuracy of the isotope profiles, and the paleotemperature interpretation of the isotope records.
Cell wall polysaccharides determine cooking quality in cassava roots
Authors: Sathitnaitham Sukhita , Ceballos Hernan , Wonnapinij Passorn , Kraichak Ekaphan , Utthiya Supanut , Suttangkakul Anongpat , Gomez Leonardo D. , Kittipadakul Piya , Siriwong Nongnuch , Kongsil Pasajee , Vuttipongchaikij Supachai
Published: August 2024

Social Impact Statement

Cassava is a vital food source for millions worldwide, crucial for food security and economic stability. This study analyzed cell wall polysaccharides in cassava roots to understand their impact on cooking properties. We found these polysaccharides influence the textural attributes of cassava roots, essential for both cooking and consumption. The research highlights the need to further identify and analyze cassava cell wall components. By improving our understanding of these components, we can improve food security, affordability, and resilience in diverse regions, ultimately contributing to global food security and better aligning with consumer preferences.

The textural attributes of cassava roots significantly influence preferences in cooking and consumption as a food source, yet the specific components dictating these properties remain unclear. We aimed to identify the factors shaping the cooking properties of cassava roots.

We conducted a compositional analysis of 22 traits in a diverse F1 biparental population derived from soft‐ and hard‐boiling progenitors. The traits encompassed cooking qualities, starch properties, and cell wall composition.

Specific cell wall components including cellulose, xylan, un‐esterified, and methyl‐esterified homogalacturonan (HG) demonstrated a correlation with cooking quality attributes: sensory assessments related to texture (SAT) and water absorption during boiling (WAB). Correlation and regression analyses revealed that these wall components collectively contribute to 20% of SAT variability and 14% of WAB variability. SAT appeared to be influenced by methyl‐esterified and un‐esterified HGs, xylan, and cellulose, impacting the tensile strength of the cell wall. Conversely, WAB appeared to be associated with methyl‐esterified HG, potentially altering water absorption properties. Although genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) were unable to identify significant SNPs for SAT and WAB, notable associations emerged for cellulose, xylan, and un‐esterified‐ and methyl‐esterified HG. Candidate genes associated with these SNPs point towards diverse cell wall‐related proteins, transcription factors, sugar metabolism‐related genes, and glycosyl hydrolases.

This study provides insights into the relationship between cassava root compositions and cooking characteristics and the role of wall components in determining the cooking quality of edible cassava. This information represents a substantial contribution towards the development of protocols for selecting varieties with texture preferences.
Between spaces: Unravelling motives and distances in internal migration
Authors: Lichner Ivan , Baláž Vladimír , Jeck Tomáš
Published: August 2024

Distance, economic disparities and housing market conditions are considered key moderators of internal migration. Existing research has used panels and surveys to establish the drivers of and barriers to domestic moves. This research employs administrative data on all Slovak internal migrants in 1997–2022 (2.38 million moves). The individual migrant data are associated with regional characteristics such as wages, unemployment rates, business activity, housing construction, the ethnic composition of the population, and connections to trans‐European transport network (TEN‐T) motorway networks. Zero‐inflated (ZI) regression models help to identify the key moderators of internal moves through reported migration motives and major structural barriers to migration. Gravity models distinguish between long‐distance moves motivated by human capital considerations and short‐distance moves informed by housing and family motives. Motives related to housing, following family, marriage, divorcee and health accounted for 75.4% of the total moves in the 1997–2022 period. Migration distance, followed by education, population mass and housing, proved to be key moderators of internal moves.
Anti‐obesity effects of Beta vulgaris and Eruca sativa‐based extracts
Authors: Markou Maria , Katsouda Antonia , Papaioannou Varvara , Argyropoulou Aikaterini , Vanioti Marianna , Tamvakopoulos Constantin , Skaltsounis Leandros A. , Halabalaki Maria , Mitakou Sofia , Papapetropoulos Andreas
Published: August 2024

Obesity is a major source of morbidity worldwide with more than 2 billion adults being overweight or obese. The incidence of obesity has tripled in the last 50 years, leading to an increased risk for a variety of noncommunicable diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of green leafy vegetables on weight gain and obesity and have attributed these beneficial properties, at least in part, to nitrates and isothiocyanates. Nitrates are converted to nitric oxide (NO) and isothiocyanates are known to release hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Herein, we investigated the effect of extracts and fractions produced from Beta vulgaris and Eruca sativa for their ability to limit lipid accumulation, regulate glucose homeostasis, and reduce body weight. Extracts from the different vegetables were screened for their ability to limit lipid accumulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes and for their ability to promote glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cultures; the most effective extracts were next tested in vivo. Wild type mice were placed on high‐fat diet for 8 weeks to promote weight gain; animals receiving the selected B. vulgaris and E. sativa extracts exhibited attenuated body weight. Treatment with extracts also led to reduced white adipose tissue depot mass, attenuated adipocyte size, reduced expression of Dgat2 and PPARγ expression, and improved liver steatosis. In contrast, the extracts failed to improve glucose tolerance in obese animals and did not affect blood pressure. Taken together, our data indicate that extracts produced from B. vulgaris and E. sativa exhibit anti‐obesity effects, suggesting that dietary supplements containing nitrates and sulfide‐releasing compounds might be useful in limiting weight gain.
Calycosin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma through the MAZ/HAS2 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Zi‐Hao , Yuan Cheng‐Yue , Xu Meng , Wang Meng‐Fei , Feng Tao , Wang Yue , Zheng Sheng‐Feng , Zhang Hai‐Liang , Shi Guo‐Hai , Cao Da‐Long , Wang Zi‐Liang , Ye Ding‐Wei
Published: August 2024

Calycosin (Caly), a flavonoid compound, demonstrates a variety of beneficial properties. However, the specific mechanisms behind Caly's anticancer effects remain largely unexplored. Network pharmacology was used to explore the potential targets of Caly in renal cancer. Additionally, RNA‐seq sequencing was used to detect changes in genes in renal cancer cells after Caly treatment. Validation was carried out through quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR and Western blot analysis. The luciferase reporter assay was applied to pinpoint the interaction site between MAZ and HAS2. Furthermore, the immunoprecipitation assay was utilized to examine the ubiquitination and degradation of MAZ. In vivo experiments using cell line‐derived xenograft mouse models were performed to assess Calycosin's impact on cancer growth. Network pharmacology research suggests Caly plays a role in promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell adhesion in renal cancer. In vitro, Caly has been observed to suppress proliferation, colony formation, and metastasis of renal cancer cells while also triggering apoptosis. Additionally, it appears to diminish hyaluronic acid synthesis by downregulating HAS2 expression. MAZ is identified as a transcriptional regulator of HAS2 expression. Calycosin further facilitates the degradation of MAZ via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Notably, Caly demonstrates efficacy in reducing the growth of renal cell carcinoma xenograft tumors in vivo. Our findings indicate that Caly suppresses the proliferation, metastasis, and progression of renal cell carcinoma through its action on the MAZ/HAS2 signaling pathway. Thus, Caly represents a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
Unveiling the Structure and Dynamics of Ac3+ Ion in Aqueous Solution: Insight From Relativistic Hybrid Forces Molecular Mechanics Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Abimanyu Muhammad Aditya , Prasetyo Niko , Pradipta Mokhammad Fajar
Published: August 2024

This work describes a molecular dynamics simulation study (MP2‐DKH2/MM) that explores the structural and dynamical properties of hydrated Ac3+ ions in an aqueous solution. Simulation results indicate that the ion formed three hydration shells. The hydrated Ac3+ had a first hydration shell comprising 8–9 water molecules. It showed similar probabilities for both coordination numbers, showing a flexible first hydration shell with eight registered successful ligand exchanges during the simulation. The water molecules' mean residence times (MRT) in the first, second, and third hydration shells were 131.8, 6.46, and 2.67 ps, respectively. The complexes of octahydrate ([Ac(H₂O)₈]3+) and nonahydrate ([Ac(H₂O)₉]3+) were observed in the first hydration shell. The square antiprism (SA) geometry was adopted for octahydrate, while the gyroelongated square antiprism (GySA) geometry was adopted for nonahydrate. The simulations provided valuable insights into the ion‐oxygen stretching frequencies. Specifically, the average stretching frequency for Ac3+ was found to be 404 cm−1, which is in good agreement with the calculated value from the CCSD(T) calculation of 398.78 cm−1. These findings indicate that including DKH2 relativistic approximation increases the accuracy of the simulation results and can contribute to understanding these actinide ions' behavior in aqueous environments, shedding light on hydrated systems' structural arrangements and dynamics.
Taking Responsibility for Meaning and Mattering: An Agential Realist Approach to Generative AI and Literacy
Authors: Kumar Priya C. , Cotter Kelley , Cabrera Laura Y.
Published: August 2024

Questions and concerns about artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in education reached a fever pitch with the arrival of publicly accessible, user‐facing generative AI systems, especially ChatGPT. Many of these issues will require regulation and collective action to address. But when it comes to generative AI and literacy, we argue that posthuman perspectives can help literacy scholars and practitioners reframe some concerns into questions that open new areas of inquiry. Agential realism in particular offers a useful perspective for exploring how generative AI matters in literacy practices, not as a unilaterally destructive force, but as a set of phenomena that intra‐actively reconfigures literacy practices. As a sociocultural (and as we argue, sociotechnical) practice, literacy arises out of the entanglement of bodies, spaces, contexts, positions, histories, and technologies. Generative AI is another in a long line of technologies that reconfigures literacy practices. In this article, we briefly explain how generative AI systems work, focusing on text‐based systems called Large Language Models (LLMs), and suggest ways that generative AI may reconfigure the sociocultural practice of literacy. We then offer three provocations to shift discussions about generative AI and literacy (1) from concerns about intentionality to questions of responsibility, (2) from concerns about authenticity to questions of mattering, and (3) from concerns about imitation to questions of multifarious communication. We conclude by encouraging literacy scholars and practitioners to draw inspiration from critical literacy efforts to discover what matters when it comes to generative AI and literacy.
Design and Synthesis of Imidazole‐Modified Reduced Gaphene Oxide Possessing More Ligands for Removal of Methylene Blue and Chromium
Authors: Wang Chubei , Zhou Jianwei , Chen Keke , Xu Chao , Wang Zhaoyuan , Zhang Yongkang
Published: August 2024

A new imidazole‐modified reduced graphene oxide was synthesized through a substitution reaction between amino imidazole and chlorographene. Functional groups and material composition were characterized by using several methods. The N content of product is high, it possesses more ligands. These ligands still combine metal ions under acidic conditions. Adsorption for methylene blue can be fitted by quasi‐second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model, physical adsorption is the predominant adsorption mechanism. Adsorption capacity (350.7 mg/g) of product for Cr (III) is about fourfold higher than that (74.7 mg/g) of reduced graphene oxide.
Conversion of WastePaper into Dissolving Pulp: A Path for Circular Bioeconomy
Authors: Damaceno Thalita P. , Cunha André E. P. , Simões Rogério M. S. , Vaz Álvaro F. C.
Published: August 2024

Following the circular bioeconomy concept, this work studies the potential of an industrial wastepaper residue as an alternative raw material for dissolving pulp‐grade production. Prehydrolysis‐kraft cooking (PHK), elemental chlorine‐free (ECF) bleaching, and acid‐washing treatments were applied to achieve that aim. Considering the high lignin and hemicellulose content of the raw material, it was submitted to PHK pulping to enhance its cellulose content by removing those components. This processing resulted in a remarkable increase of 84 % in pulp Fock reactivity (from 45.6 % to 84.1 %). The dissolution extension and time in solvent systems LiCl/DMAc and NMMO/H2O were discussed regarding the pulp physicochemical properties. The dissolving pulp produced under this work showed great potential as raw material for textile applications, particularly highlighting the innovative process developed to improve its solubility.
Photoreforming of Microplastics: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Environmental Remediation
Authors: Zhang Xiandi , Jun Minki , Zu Wenhan , Kim Minah , Lee Kwangyeol , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk
Published: August 2024

Plastics are widely used in daily lives, but unfortunately, their inadequate recycling practices have led to the accumulation of microplastics in the environment, posing a threat to public health. The existing methods for treating microplastics are energy‐intensive and environmentally damaging. In this context, photoreforming has emerged as a sustainable solution to address the microplastic crisis by simultaneously recycling them into value‐added chemicals. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the application of photoreforming for upcycling microplastic. The underlying mechanisms of photoreforming reaction are discussed, followed by the exploration of recent advancements and innovative strategies in photoreforming techniques with particular emphasis on their real‐world applications and potential for large‐scale implementation. Also, critical factors influencing the efficiency of microplastic photoreforming are identified, providing guidance for further research and optimization.
Transparent Photovoltaics with Array ZnO/NiO Structure for Energy Harvesting and Human Interface Applications
Authors: Lee Junghyun , Choi Chanhyuk , Ghosh Shuvaraj , Patel Malkeshkumar , Kumar Naveen , Bhatnagar Priyanka , Hossain Sourov , Kim Joondong
Published: August 2024

In this study, a proof of concept for seamless energy flow is demonstrated by converting light energy into electrical energy and then storing it. A simple heterojunction structure of an FTO/ZnO/NiO/AgNWs/ZnO array transparent photovoltaic (TPV) device is employed to ensure an excellent average visible transmittance value of 67.7% while storing light energy as electrical energy in a capacitor bank. By simple and stable array connection of unit cell devices, the power leakage is minimized while maximizing output voltage. In the array TPV device, an open‐circuit voltage of 1.4 V is achieved under 365 nm illumination, with a voltage of 1.26 V stored in the capacitor bank, accumulating to over 6 V. The stored electrical energy is successfully converted for use by an light‐emitting diode (LED) light source, demonstrating sustained light‐up for over 30 s. This work explores facile energy generation, storage and utilization through TPVs, with a good potential for transparent energy harvesting and human interface applications.