bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ezrin Phosphorylation at T567 Modulates Cell Migration, Mechanical Properties, and Cytoskeletal Organization
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Flores Luis R. , Keeling Michael C. , Sliogeryte Kristina , Gavara Núria
Published: January 2020

Ezrin, a member of the ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) family of proteins, serves as a crosslinker between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. By doing so, it provides structural links to strengthen the connection between the cell cortex and the plasma membrane, acting also as a signal transducer in multiple pathways during migration, proliferation, and endocytosis. In this study, we investigated the role of ezrin phosphorylation and its intracellular localization on cell motility, cytoskeleton organization, and cell stiffness, using fluorescence live-cell imaging, image quantification, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our results show that cells expressing constitutively active ezrin T567D (phosphomimetic) migrate faster and in a more directional manner, especially when ezrin accumulates at the cell rear. Similarly, image quantification results reveal that transfection with ezrin T567D alters the cell’s gross morphology and decreases cortical stiffness. In contrast, constitutively inactive ezrin T567A accumulates around the nucleus, and although it does not impair cell migration, it leads to a significant buildup of actin fibers, a decrease in nuclear volume, and an increase in cytoskeletal stiffness. Finally, cell transfection with the dominant negative ezrin FERM domain induces significant morphological and nuclear changes and affects actin, microtubules, and the intermediate filament vimentin, resulting in cytoskeletal fibers that are longer, thicker, and more aligned. Collectively, our results suggest that ezrin’s phosphorylation state and its intracellular localization plays a pivotal role in cell migration, modulating also biophysical properties, such as membrane–cortex linkage, cytoskeletal and nuclear organization, and the mechanical properties of cells.
Does Maternal Stress Affect the Early Embryonic Microenvironment? Impact of Long-Term Cortisol Stimulation on the Oviduct Epithelium
Authors: Du Shuaizhi , Trakooljul Nares , Schoen Jennifer , Chen Shuai
Published: January 2020

Maternal stress before or during the sensitive preimplantation phase is associated with reproduction failure. Upon real or perceived threat, glucocorticoids (classic stress hormones) as cortisol are synthesized. The earliest “microenvironment” of the embryo consists of the oviduct epithelium and the oviductal fluid generated via the epithelial barrier. However, to date, the direct effects of cortisol on the oviduct are largely unknown. In the present study, we used a compartmentalized in vitro system to test the hypothesis that a prolonged stimulation with cortisol modifies the physiology of the oviduct epithelium. Porcine oviduct epithelial cells were differentiated at the air–liquid interface and basolaterally stimulated with physiological levels of cortisol representing moderate and severe stress for 21 days. Epithelium structure, transepithelial bioelectric properties, and gene expression were assessed. Furthermore, the distribution and metabolism of cortisol was examined. The polarized oviduct epithelium converted basolateral cortisol to cortisone and thereby reduced the amount of bioactive cortisol reaching the apical compartment. However, extended cortisol stimulation affected its barrier function and the expression of genes involved in hormone signaling and immune response. We conclude that continuing maternal stress with long-term elevated cortisol levels may alter the early embryonic environment by modification of basic oviductal functions.
Transcription Factor CaSBP12 Negatively Regulates Salt Stress Tolerance in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Zhang Huai-Xia , Zhu Wen-Chao , Feng Xiao-Hui , Jin Jing-Hao , Wei Ai-Min , Gong Zhen-Hui
Published: January 2020

SBP-box (Squamosa-promoter binding protein) genes are a type of plant-specific transcription factor and play important roles in plant growth, signal transduction, and stress response. However, little is known about the role of pepper SBP-box transcription factor genes in response to abiotic stress. Here, one of the pepper SBP-box gene, CaSBP12, was selected and isolated from pepper genome database in our previous study. The CaSBP12 gene was induced under salt stress. Silencing the CaSBP12 gene enhanced pepper plant tolerance to salt stress. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the detached leaves of CaSBP12-silenced plants was significantly lower than that of control plants. Besides, the Na+, malondialdehyde content, and conductivity were significantly increased in control plants than that in the CaSBP12-silenced plants. In addition, the CaSBP12 over-expressed Nicotiana benthamiana plants were more susceptible to salt stress with higher damage severity index percentage and accumulation of ROS as compared to the wild-type. These results indicated that CaSBP12 negatively regulates salt stress tolerance in pepper may relate to ROS signaling cascades.
Biological Functions of HMGN Chromosomal Proteins
Authors: Nanduri Ravikanth , Furusawa Takashi , Bustin Michael
Published: January 2020

Chromatin plays a key role in regulating gene expression programs necessary for the orderly progress of development and for preventing changes in cell identity that can lead to disease. The high mobility group N (HMGN) is a family of nucleosome binding proteins that preferentially binds to chromatin regulatory sites including enhancers and promoters. HMGN proteins are ubiquitously expressed in all vertebrate cells potentially affecting chromatin function and epigenetic regulation in multiple cell types. Here, we review studies aimed at elucidating the biological function of HMGN proteins, focusing on their possible role in vertebrate development and the etiology of disease. The data indicate that changes in HMGN levels lead to cell type-specific phenotypes, suggesting that HMGN optimize epigenetic processes necessary for maintaining cell identity and for proper execution of specific cellular functions. This manuscript contains tables that can be used as a comprehensive resource for all the English written manuscripts describing research aimed at elucidating the biological function of the HMGN protein family.
Development of a Mycoinsecticide Bait Formulation for the Control of House Flies, Musca domestica L.
Authors: Baker Dalton , Rice Steven , Leemon Diana , Godwin Rosamond , James Peter
Published: January 2020

The control of house flies, Musca domestica (L.), currently relies on the use of chemical insecticide spray and bait formulations. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, may provide an alternative to these products. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a mycoinsecticide bait formulation containing a virulent M. anisopliae isolate. Five M. anisopliae isolates were screened against M. domestica and isolate M16 was selected for bait development. Bait formulations containing a variety of additives, including (Z)-9-tricosene, were tested for their ability to increase fly visitation. A bait formulation containing M. anisopliae and skim milk powder was found to have the highest house fly visitation and was subsequently compared to a conventional chemical bait in an efficacy assay. The chemical bait (0.5% imidacloprid) caused faster mortality than the mycoinsecticide bait, however, similar levels of mortality were achieved by 4–5 days’ post exposure. These results suggest that M. anisopliae mycoinsecticide baits may offer an alternative to conventional chemical insecticides for the control of house flies in suitable areas.
Tugging at the Heart Strings: The Septin Cytoskeleton in Heart Development and Disease
Authors: Moore Kelsey , Moore Reece , Wang Christina , Norris Russell A.
Published: January 2020

Septin genes were originally identified in budding yeast in 1971. Since their original discovery, at least 13 mammalian genes have now been found, which give rise to a vast array of alternatively spliced proteins that display unique spatial-temporal function across organs systems. Septin’s are now recognized as the 4th major component of the cytoskeleton. Their role in regulating ciliogenesis, actin and microtubule organization and their involvement in mechanotransduction clearly solidify their place as both a responder and driver of cellular activity. Although work on septin’s has escalated over the past decades, knowledge of septin function in the heart remains rudimentary. Whereas many cardiovascular diseases have been associated with genetic loci that include septin genes, new and additional concerted efforts will likely uncover previously unrecognized mechanisms by which the septin class of proteins contribute to clinical cardiac phenotypes. In this review, we place known function of septin proteins in the context of heart development and disease and provide perspectives on how increased knowledge of these proteins can mechanistically inform cardiac pathologies.
Anti-Photoaging Effect of Plant Extract Fermented with Lactobacillus buchneri on CCD-986sk Fibroblasts and HaCaT Keratinocytes
Authors: Kang Yun-Mi , Hong Chul-Hee , Kang Sa-Haeng , Seo Dong-Seok , Kim Seong-Oh , Lee Hoon-Yeon , Sim Hyeon-Jae , An Hyo-Jin
Published: January 2020

Ultraviolet (UV) exposure triggers the abnormal production of reactive oxygen (ROS) species and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that are responsible for photoaging. Probiotics are widely used in healthcare and for immune enhancement. One probiotic, Lactobacillus buchneri is found in Kimchi. This study was aimed at assessing the anti-photoaging effect of plant extracts fermented with L. buchneri (PELB) to develop functional cosmetics. We investigated the anti-photoaging effect of PELB in a UVB-induced photoaging in vitro model and selected effective extracts using the elastase inhibition assay, ELISA for Type I procollagen and collagenase-1, and quantitative real time PCR. Normal human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes were pre-treated with PELB and exposed to UVB. We found that PELB decreased elastase activity and increased type I collagen expression in a UVB-induced photoaging in vitro model. In addition, PELB greatly reduced collagenase activity and MMP mRNA levels in a UVB-induced photoaging in vitro model. Furthermore, PELB promoted the expression of moisture factor and anti-oxidant enzymes in a UVB-induced photoaging in vitro model. These results indicated that the PELB could be potential candidates for the protective effects against UVB-induced photoaging. Overall, these results suggest that PELB might be useful natural components of cosmetic products.
The Self-Sealing Capacity of Environmentally Friendly, Highly Damped, Fibre-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Huang Xu , Ge Jun , Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Su Qian
Published: January 2020

Cracks could attenuate the service life of concrete structures because of the intrusion of hazardous substances such as water. In this study, different proportions of Duras S500 fibre were employed to investigate the self-sealing capacity of environmentally friendly, highly damped, fibre-reinforced concrete (EFHDFRC) containing 5% crumb rubber. The workability of EFHDFRC with different proportions of the fibre was investigated by mechanical properties test. The self-sealing capacity was first measured by introducing the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test combined with the damage degree in a time-dependent manner. In addition, the regained compressive strength test and visual inspection were applied as additional measures of the self-sealing capacity. The experimental results show that EFHDFRC with different proportions of fibre showed the maximum sealing degree between the 42nd and 51st days after casting the concrete. EFHDFRC with 0.1% fibre had the best performance and the maximum self-sealing degree (2.82%). In summary, it has been proven that 0.1% fibre could stimulate the self-sealing capacity of EFHDFRC by bridging cracked concrete. Moreover, it is noted that sufficient space in cracks is essential for precipitation formation, which could seal the cracks. The new insights of this innovative self-healing, high-damping material are essential for industrial applications exposed to dynamic load conditions such as railway turnout bearers and sleepers, highspeed rail track slabs, blast-resistant walls and columns, and so on.
Strengthening of AA5754 Aluminum Alloy by DRECE Process Followed by Annealing Response Investigation
Authors: Snopiński Przemysław , Tański Tomasz , Gołombek Klaudiusz , Rusz Stanislav , Hilser Ondřej , Donič Tibor , Nuckowski Paweł M. , Benedyk Marcin
Published: January 2020

In this study, a dual rolls equal channel extrusion (DRECE) process has been applied for improving the mechanical properties of the 5754 alloy. Supplementary experiments involving metallography, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and XRD tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of the DRECE process. XRD analysis showed that the maximum dislocation density was achieved after six DRECE passes, which were accompanied by the formation that is typical for low-strain structures. The increasing dislocation density, as well as grain refinement throughout DRECE deformation, resulted in an increase in the mechanical properties. Annealing of the as-deformed sample resulted in grain growth and strength reduction.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Optical Properties of Magneto-Optical Na3FeF6:Tb3+ Octahedral Particles
Authors: Zhao Zhiguo , Li Xue
Published: January 2020

Sodium iron hexafluoride (Na3FeF6), as a colorless iron fluoride, is expected to be an ideal host for rare earth ions to realize magneto-optical bi-functionality. Herein, monodispersed terbium ions (Tb3+) doped Na3FeF6 particles are successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) reveal that the Tb3+ doped Na3FeF6 micro-particles with regular octahedral shape can be assigned to a monoclinic crystal structure (space group P21/c). Under ultraviolet light excitation, the Na3FeF6:Tb3+ octahedral particles given orange-red light emission originated from the 5D4→7FJ transitions of the Tb3+ ions. In addition, the magnetism measurement indicates that Na3FeF6:Tb3+ octahedral particles are paramagnetic with high magnetization at room temperature. Therefore, the Na3FeF6:Tb3+ powders may find potential applications in the biomedical field as magnetic-optical bi-functional materials.
Preparation and Characterization of Ethylenediamine-Polyurea Microcapsule Epoxy Self-Healing Coating
Authors: Ma Yanxuan , Zhang Yingrui , Liu Jiatong , Sun Yi , Ge Yajie , Yan Xiaoning , Wu Jian
Published: January 2020

Polyurea microcapsules with Ethylenediamine (EDA) as the core material were synthesized. A set of characterization methods, including optical and scanning electron microscopy (OM and SEM), the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to confirm the microcapsule morphology and chemical structures. The influence of emulsifier content and stirring rate on size and morphology of the microcapsules was investigated, and the self-healing performance of EDA-Polyurea microcapsule/epoxy coatings was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The results showed that the microcapsules obtained had good spherical shape with a mean diameter of 0.54–0.70 μm. Compared with pure core material, the microcapsule showed excellent thermostability, and the content of core materials was up to 56.00 wt%. The epoxy coating with 5.0 wt% EDA-Polyurea microcapsules achieved average corrosion resistance efficiencies of 90.00%, significantly enhancing the capability of the scratched coating to resist external corrosion.
Cost Efficiency Evaluation Based on a Data Envelopment Analysis Approach by Considering Undesirable Outputs on the Basis of the Semi-Disposability Assumption
Authors: Karami Khorramabadi Mehdi , Yarahmadi Majid , Ghiyasi Mojtaba
Published: January 2020

It is considerably important to calculate the cost efficiency in data envelopment analysis for the efficiency evaluation of decision-making units. The present paper develops the classical cost efficiency model in which all the input prices are constant and certain for each decision-making unit, considering undesirable outputs under the semi-disposability assumption. The proposed models are interval and uncertain under the constant returns to scale and also variable returns to scale assumptions, for the easy solution of which, their lower and upper bounds are obtained on the basis of the theorem presented in the text. In order to simulate the proposed models and show their scientific capabilities, additionally, 56 electricity producing thermal power plants in Iran were studied in 2015. Results of the present study show that under both assumptions of constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale, the highest cost efficiency bounds belonged to the combined and steam cycle power plants. Moreover, the average of lower and upper cost efficiency bounds of the power plants under study were 34% and 35%, respectively, in 2015, under the constant returns to scale assumption, and 52% and 54%, respectively, under the variable returns to scale assumption.
Nutrition for Female Soccer Players—Recommendations
Authors: Dobrowolski Hubert , Karczemna Aleksandra , Włodarek Dariusz
Published: January 2020

Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world. As its number of players is increasing, the number of female players is also on the rise. However, there are limited data about how the diets of female soccer players should be designed. Thus, the aim of our work is to deliver concise nutritional recommendations for women practicing this sport. Based on a literature review, we emphasize that individual adjustment of the energy value of the diet is the key factor for the physical performance of female soccer players. Appropriate macronutrient intake makes it possible to achieve the proper energy value of the diet (5–10 g/kg body mass/day carbohydrates; 1.2–1.7 g/kg body mass/day proteins; <30% fats from energy). The micronutrients should be consumed in amounts corresponding to individual values recommended in national standards. Soccer players should pay special attention to the proper consumption of such micronutrients, as well as vitamins such as iron, calcium, and vitamin D. The right amount of fluid intake, consistent with the player’s needs, is crucial in maximizing exercise performance. The diet of a female practicing soccer is usually characterized with low energy values, which increases the risk of various health consequences related to low energy availability. Monitoring the diets of female soccer players is, therefore, necessary.
Analysis of Extemporaneous Prescriptions Prescribed by Dermatovenerologists in Latvia and Comparison with Standardized Compounded Preparation Monographs of Germany and USA
Authors: Kiseļova Olga , Mauriņa Baiba , Šidlovska Venta
Published: January 2020

Background and objectives: Even though many industrially manufactured medicines are available, extemporaneous preparations still have their niche in dermatology. In several countries, dermatovenerologists are one of the specialists prescribing extemporaneous medicines the most. In order to increase the quality of compounded medications and minimize risks to patient safety, several countries, for example, Germany and the United States of America (USA), created standardized compounded preparation monographs. Latvia, unlike these countries, does not have any officially approved standardized compounded preparation monographs. The purpose of this survey is to analyze the extemporaneous prescriptions prescribed by Latvian dermatovenerologists to identify the active ingredients, combinations of active ingredients, and excipients prescribed by dermatovenerologists the most often, and to find out how many active ingredients are most often compounded in different dosage forms. To understand whether the extemporaneous formulations used in Latvia for dermatological indications are evidence-based, they were compared with German and USA formulations. Materials and Methods: A database was created entering data on all the prescriptions prepared in the selected pharmacies in 2017 to summarize information on extemporaneous prescriptions. The prescriptions prescribed by Latvian dermatovenerologists were selected and compared with German and USA formulations. Results: Data from 17 Latvian pharmacies were collected, and 2521 extemporaneous formulations were analyzed. In preparation of semi-solid dosage forms, 25 bulk drug substances and 37 industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of suspensions, 25 bulk drug substances and 10 industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of topical solutions, 23 bulk drug substances and two industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of topical powders, nine bulk drug substances were used; in preparation of oral solutions, five bulk drug substances were used. Conclusions: The analyzed prescriptions contained active ingredients used in Germany and the USA, as well as active ingredients, the use of which is limited in Germany and the USA. In Latvia, topical dosage forms containing two or more active ingredients are widely prescribed.
Sensitivity Comparison of Refractive Index Transducer Optical Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Ag, Cu, and Bimetallic Ag–Cu Layer
Authors: Zakaria Rozalina , Zainuddin Nur Aina’a Mardhiah , Raya Sofiah Athirah , Alwi Siti Anis Khairani , Anwar Toni , Sarlan Aliza , Ahmed Kawsar , Amiri Iraj Sadegh
Published: January 2020

A single-mode optical fiber sensor uses surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a bimetallic silver–copper (Ag–Cu) coating compared to a single layer of Ag and Cu itself. Bimetallic Ag–Cu sensors are constructed by simple fabrication on a side-polished optical fiber, followed by an electron beam evaporation of Ag and Cu films. For this investigation, the thickness of the single Ag layer was set to 30 nm and the single Cu layer was set to 30 nm; whereas for the bimetallic combined Ag–Cu layer the thickness of Ag was 7 nm and Cu 23 nm. The sensor performance was analyzed and compared experimentally and numerically using the COMSOL Multiphysics. A white light source was used with a broad optical bandwidth to provide a range of wavelengths to the optical fiber. The characteristics of the thin layers of Ag, Cu, and Ag–Cu as alcohol sensors were evaluated. We found that Cu was the most sensitive metallic layer compared to the Ag and the bimetallic Ag–Cu layers. For a 100% alcohol concentration, Cu showed a sensitivity of 425 nm/RIU followed by the bimetallic Ag–Cu layer with 108.33 nm/RIU, whereas the Ag layer was not detected. Interestingly, sensitivity reached saturation beyond the 20 nm thick layer of Ag. This shows that the Cu and the bimetallic Ag–Cu layers are suitable for an alcohol-based optical sensor.
Diverse Stress-Inducing Treatments cause Distinct Aberrant Body Morphologies in the Chlamydia-Related Bacterium, Waddlia chondrophila
Authors: Scherler Aurélie , Jacquier Nicolas , Kebbi-Beghdadi Carole , Greub Gilbert
Published: January 2020

Chlamydiae, such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, can cause chronic infections. It is believed that persistent forms called aberrant bodies (ABs) might be involved in this process. AB formation seems to be a common trait of all members of the Chlamydiales order and is caused by distinct stress stimuli, such as β-lactam antibiotics or nutrient starvation. While the diverse stimuli inducing ABs are well described, no comprehensive morphological characterization has been performed in Chlamydiales up to now. We thus infected mammalian cells with the Chlamydia-related bacterium Waddlia chondrophila and induced AB formation using different stimuli. Their morphology, differences in DNA content and in gene expression were assessed by immunofluorescence, quantitative PCR, and reverse transcription PCR, respectively. All stimuli induced AB formation. Interestingly, we show here for the first time that the DNA gyrase inhibitor novobiocin also caused appearance of ABs. Two distinct patterns of ABs could be defined, according to their morphology and number: (i) small and multiple ABs versus (ii) large and rare ABs. DNA replication of W. chondrophila was generally not affected by the different treatments. Finally, no correlation could be observed between specific types of ABs and expression patterns of mreB and rodZ genes.
Metabolic Remodeling during Long-Lasting Cultivation of the Endomyces magnusii Yeast on Oxidative and Fermentative Substrates
Authors: Isakova Elena P. , Matushkina Irina N. , Popova Tatyana N. , Dergacheva Darya I. , Gessler Natalya N. , Klein Olga I. , Semenikhina Anastasya V. , Deryabina Yulia I. , La Porta Nicola , Saris Nils-Eric L.
Published: January 2020

In this study, we evaluated the metabolic profile of the aerobic microorganism of Endomyces magnusii with a complete respiration chain and well-developed mitochondria system during long-lasting cultivation. The yeast was grown in batches using glycerol and glucose as the sole carbon source for a week. The profile included the cellular biological and chemical parameters, which determined the redox status of the yeast cells. We studied the activities of the antioxidant systems (catalases and superoxide dismutases), glutathione system enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and reductase), aconitase, as well as the main enzymes maintaining NADPH levels in the cells (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase) during aging of Endomyces magnusii on two kinds of substrates. We also investigated the dynamics of change in oxidized and reduced glutathione, conjugated dienes, and reactive oxidative species in the cells at different growth stages, including the deep stationary stages. Our results revealed a similar trend in the changes in the activity of all the enzymes tested, which increased 2–4-fold upon aging. The yeast cytosol had a very high reduced glutathione content, 22 times than that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and remained unchanged during growth, whereas there was a 7.5-fold increase in the reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione ratio. The much higher level of reactive oxidative species was observed in the cells in the late and deep stationary phases, especially in the cells using glycerol. Cell aging of the culture grown on glycerol, which promotes active oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, facilitated the functioning of powerful antioxidant systems (catalases, superoxide dismutases, and glutathione system enzymes) induced by reactive oxidative species. Moreover, it stimulated NADPH synthesis, regulating the cytosolic reduced glutathione level, which in turn determines the redox potential of the yeast cell during the early aging process.
On the Ability of Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) Bioaccumulation by Two Pseudomonas sp. Strains Isolated from PFAS-Contaminated Environmental Matrices
Authors: Presentato Alessandro , Lampis Silvia , Vantini Andrea , Manea Flavio , Daprà Francesca , Zuccoli Stefano , Vallini Giovanni
Published: January 2020

PFASs (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are highly fluorinated, aliphatic, synthetic compounds with high thermal and chemical stability as well as unique amphiphilic properties which make them ingredients in a range of industrial processes. PFASs have attracted consideration due to their persistence, toxicity and bioaccumulation tendency in the environment. Recently, attention has begun to be addressed to shorter-chain PFASs, such as perfluorohexane sulfonate [PFHxS], apparently less toxic to and more easily eliminated from lab animals. However, short-chain PFASs represent end-products from the transformation of fluorotelomers whose biotic breakdown reactions have not been identified to date. This means that such emergent pollutants will tend to accumulate and persist in ecosystems. Since we are just learning about the interaction between short-chain PFASs and microorganisms, this study reports on the response to PFHxS of two Pseudomonas sp. strains isolated from environmental matrices contaminated by PFASs. The PFHxS bioaccumulation potential of these strains was unveiled by exploiting different physiological conditions as either axenic or mixed cultures under alkanothrofic settings. Moreover, electron microscopy revealed nonorthodox features of the bacterial cells, as a consequence of the stress caused by both organic solvents and PFHxS in the culturing substrate.
Isolation of a Psychrotolerant and UV-C-Resistant Bacterium from Elephant Island, Antarctica with a Highly Thermoactive and Thermostable Catalase
Authors: Monsalves María T. , Ollivet-Besson Gabriela P. , Amenabar Maximiliano J. , Blamey Jenny M.
Published: January 2020

Microorganisms present in Antarctica have to deal not only with cold temperatures but also with other environmental conditions, such as high UV radiation, that trigger the generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, Antarctic microorganisms must have an important antioxidant defense system to prevent oxidative damage. One of these defenses are antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, which is involved in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide produced under oxidative conditions. Here, we reported the isolation and partial characterization of an Antarctic bacterium belonging to the Serratia genus that was resistant to UV-C radiation and well-adapted to cold temperatures. This microorganism, denominated strain I1P, was efficient at decreasing reactive oxygen species levels produced after UV-C irradiation. Genomic and activity assays suggested that the enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms of strain I1P, especially its catalase enzyme, may confer UV resistance. This catalase was active in a wide range of temperatures (20–70 °C), showing optimal activity at 50 °C (at pH 7.0), a remarkable finding considering its psychrotolerant origin. In addition, this enzyme was thermostable, retaining around 60% of its activity after 6 h of incubation at 50 °C. The antioxidant defense systems of strain I1P, including its surprisingly thermoactive and thermostable catalase enzyme, make this microorganism a good source of biocompounds with potential biotechnological applications.
Conjugation of Aspergillus flavipes Taxol with Porphyrin Increases the Anticancer Activity of Taxol and Ameliorates Its Cytotoxic Effects
Authors: El-Sayed Ashraf S. A. , Fathalla Maher , Yassin Marwa A. , Zein Nabila , Morsy Shaima , Sitohy Mahmoud , Sitohy Basel
Published: January 2020

Taxol is one of the potential anticancer drugs; however, the yield of Taxol and its cytotoxicity are common challenges. Thus, manipulating the Taxol biosynthetic pathway from endophytic fungi, in addition to chemical modification with biocompatible polymers, is the challenge. Four fungal isolates, namely, Aspergillus flavipes, A. terreus, A. flavus, and A. parasiticus, were selected from our previous study as potential Taxol producers, and their potency for Taxol production was evaluated in response to fluconazole and silver nitrate. A higher Taxol yield was reported in the cultures of A. flavipes (185 µg/L) and A. terreus (66 µg/L). With addition of fluconazole, the yield of Taxol was increased 1.8 and 1.2-fold for A. flavipes and A. terreus, respectively, confirming the inhibition of sterol biosynthesis and redirecting the geranyl phosphate pool to terpenoids synthesis. A significant inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis by A. flavipes with addition of fluconazole was observed, correlating with the increase on Taxol yield. To increase the Taxol solubility and to reduce its cytotoxicity, Taxol was modified via chemical conjugation with porphyrin, and the degree of conjugation was checked from the Thin layer chromatography and UV spectral analysis. The antiproliferative activity of native and modified Taxol conjugates was evaluated; upon porphyrin conjugation, the activity of Taxol towards HepG2 was increased 1.5-fold, while its cytotoxicity to VERO cells was reduced 3-fold.
Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral [3+3] Annulation of N-nitrosoanilines with Cyclopropenones: A Traceless Approach to Quinolin-4(1H)-One Scaffolds
Authors: Liu Lingjun , Li Jiyuan , Dai Wenhao , Gao Feng , Chen Kaixian , Zhou Yu , Liu Hong
Published: January 2020

A traceless approach to quinolin-4(1H)-one scaffolds through Rh(III)-catalyzed redox-neutral [3+3] cyclization of N-nitrosoanilines with cyclopropenones has been achieved. This protocol features short reaction time and atom-economical combination without extra additives, which can be further applied in the construction of privileged heterocyclic compounds in pharmaceutical chemistry.
Recent Advance in Co3O4 and Co3O4-Containing Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xuelei , Hu Anyu , Meng Chao , Wu Chun , Yang Shaobin , Hong Xiaodong
Published: January 2020

Among the popular electrochemical energy storage devices, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted much attention due to their long cycle life, fast charge and discharge, safety, and reliability. Transition metal oxides are one of the most widely used electrode materials in SCs because of the high specific capacitance. Among various transition metal oxides, Co3O4 and related composites are widely reported in SCs electrodes. In this review, we introduce the synthetic methods of Co3O4, including the hydrothermal/solvothermal method, sol–gel method, thermal decomposition, chemical precipitation, electrodeposition, chemical bath deposition, and the template method. The recent progress of Co3O4-containing electrode materials is summarized in detail, involving Co3O4/carbon, Co3O4/conducting polymer, and Co3O4/metal compound composites. Finally, the current challenges and outlook of Co3O4 and Co3O4-containing composites are put forward.
Pathogen Reduction Potential in Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and Food Waste
Authors: Seruga Przemysław , Krzywonos Małgorzata , Paluszak Zbigniew , Urbanowska Agnieszka , Pawlak-Kruczek Halina , Niedźwiecki Łukasz , Pińkowska Hanna
Published: January 2020

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a commonly used method of processing waste. Regardless of the type of the used digestate (fertilizer, feedstock in case of solid-state fermentation, raw-material in case of thermal treatment) effective pathogen risk elimination, even in the case of high pathogen concentration is essential. An investigation of the survival time and inactivation rate of the Salmonella Senftenberg W775, Enterococcus spp., and Ascaris suum eggs during thermophilic anaerobic digestion performed on laboratory scale and confirmation of hygienization in full-scale operation were performed in this study. Except for sanitization efficiency, the AD process performance and stability were also verified based on determination of pH value, dry matter content, acidity, alkalinity, and content of fatty acids. The elimination of pathogen was met within 6.06 h, 5.5 h, and about 10 h for the Salmonella Senftenberg W775, Enterococcus spp., and Ascaris suum, respectively in the laboratory trials. The obtained results were confirmed in full-scale tests, using 1500 m3 Kompogas® reactors, operating in MBT Plant located in Poland. Sanitization of the digestate was achieved. Furthermore, the process was stable. The pH value, suspended solids, and ammonium content remained stable at 8.5, 35%, and 3.8 g/kg, respectively. The acetic acid content was noted between almost 0.8 and over 1.1 g/kg, while the concentration of propionic acid was noted at maximum level of about 100 mg/kg. The AD conditions could positively affect the pathogen elimination. Based on these results it can be found that anaerobic digestion under thermophilic conditions results in high sanitation efficiency.
Revisiting the Rearrangement of Dewar Thiophenes
Authors: Gómez Sara , Osorio Edison , Dzib Eugenia , Islas Rafael , Restrepo Albeiro , Merino Gabriel
Published: January 2020

The mechanism for the walk rearrangement in Dewar thiophenes has been clarified theoretically by studying the evolution of chemical bonds along the intrinsic reaction coordinates. Substituent effects on the overall mechanism are assessed by using combinations of the ring (R = H, CF3) and traveling (X = S, S = O, and CH2) groups. The origins of fluxionality in the S–oxide of perfluorotetramethyl Dewar thiophene are uncovered in this work. Dewar rearrangements are chemical processes that occur with a high degree of synchronicity. These changes are directly related to the activation energy.
Synthesis, X-ray Characterization and Density Functional Theory (DFT) Studies of Two Polymorphs of the α,α,α,α, Isomer of Tetra-p-Iodophenyl Tetramethyl Calix[4]pyrrole: On the Importance of Halogen Bonds
Authors: Dăbuleanu Dragoș , Bauzá Antonio , Ortega-Castro Joaquín , Escudero-Adán Eduardo C. , Ballester Pablo , Frontera Antonio
Published: January 2020

This manuscript reports the improved synthesis of the α,α,α,α isomer of tetra-p-iodophenyl tetra-methyl calix[4]pyrrole and the X-ray characterization of two solvate polymorphs. In the solid state, the calix[4]pyrrole receptor adopts the cone conformation, including one acetonitrile molecule in its aromatic cavity by establishing four convergent hydrogen bonds between its nitrogen atom and the four pyrrole NHs of the former. The inclusion complexes pack into rods, displaying a unidirectional orientation. In turn, the rods form flat 2D-layers by alternating the orientation of their p-iodo substituents. The 2D layers stack on top of another, resulting in a head-to-head and tail-to-tail orientation of the complexes or their exclusive arrangement in a head-to-tail geometry. The dissimilar stacking of the layers yields two solvate polymorphs that are simultaneously present in the structures of the single crystals. The ratio of the two polymorph phases is regulated by the amount of acetonitrile added to the chloroform solutions from which the crystals grow. Halogen bonding interactions are highly relevant in the crystal lattices of the two polymorphs. We analyzed and characterized these interactions by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and several computational tools. Remarkably, single crystals of a solvate containing two acetonitrile molecules per calix[4]pyrrole were obtained from pure acetonitrile solution.
Dissection of Larval and Pupal Wings of Bicyclus anynana Butterflies
Authors: Banerjee Tirtha Das , Monteiro Antónia
Published: January 2020

The colorful wings of butterflies are emerging as model systems for evolutionary and developmental studies. Some of these studies focus on localizing gene transcripts and proteins in wings at the larval and pupal stages using techniques such as immunostaining and in situ hybridization. Other studies quantify mRNA expression levels or identify regions of open chromatin that are bound by proteins at different stages of wing development. All these techniques require dissection of the wings from the animal but a detailed video protocol describing this procedure has not been available until now. Here, we present a written and accompanying video protocol where we describe the tools and the method we use to remove the larval and pupal wings of the African Squinting Bush Brown butterfly Bicyclus anynana. This protocol should be easy to adapt to other species.
Physical Activity in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Melissa Rizk , Lama Mattar , Laurence Kern , Sylvie Berthoz , Jeanne Duclos , Odile Viltart , Nathalie Godart
Published: January 2020

Abnormally high levels of physical activity have been documented throughout the literature in patients with eating disorders (ED), especially those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN). Yet no clear definition, conceptualization, or treatment of the problematic use of physical activity (PPA) in ED patients exists. The aim of this review is to propose a new classification of PPA, report the prevalence, triggers, predictors, maintainers and other related factors of PPA in ED patients, in addition to proposing a comprehensive model of the development of PPA in AN. A total of 47 articles, retrieved from Medline and Web of Science, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. As a result, the new approach of PPA was divided into two groups (group 1 and group 2) according to the dimension (quantitative vs qualitative approach) of physical activity that was evaluated. The prevalence of PPA in ED was reported in 20 out of 47 studies, the comparison of PPA between ED versus controls in 21 articles, and the links between PPA and psychological factors in ED in 26 articles, including depression (16/26), anxiety (13/26), obsessive–compulsiveness (9/26), self-esteem (4/26), addictiveness (1/26), regulation and verbal expression of emotions (1/26) and anhedonia (1/26). The links between PPA and ED symptomatology, PPA and weight, body mass index (BMI) and body composition in ED, PPA and age, onset, illness duration and lifetime activity status in ED, PPA and ED treatment outcome were reported in 18, 15, 7, 5 articles, respectively. All of the factors have been systematically clustered into group 1 and group 2. Results focused more on AN rather than BN due to the limited studies on the latter. Additionally, a model for the development of PPA in AN patients was proposed, encompassing five periods evolving into three clinical stages. Thus, two very opposite components of PPA in AN were suggested: voluntarily PPA increased in AN was viewed as a conscious strategy to maximize weight loss, while involuntarily PPA increased proportionally with weight-loss, indicating that exercise might be under the control of a subconscious biological drive and involuntary cognition.
Attenuation of Weight Gain and Prevention of Associated Pathologies by Inhibiting SSAO
Authors: Papukashvili Dimitri , Rcheulishvili Nino , Deng Yulin
Published: January 2020

Obesity is a worldwide prevalent metabolic disorder that is associated with diabetes, among many other diseases. Bearing this in mind, prevention and treatment ways need to be improved. Notably, activity of the enzyme semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is found to be elevated in overweight subjects. Moreover, SSAO inhibition has resulted in an increase of histamine activity in adipose tissue and the limitation of body fat. The current review aims to overview the risks of obesity, rationalize the molecular ways of SSAO activity, and outline the strategies of inhibiting upregulated enzyme levels. It describes the differences between SSAO inhibitors and advances the prospective agents. Based on evidence, caffeine is proposed as an effective, safe, and reliable choice to inhibit SSAO activity. Furthermore, the histamine in adipocytes has been associated with SSAO activity. Therefore, it is suggested as one of the key compounds to be studied for obesity management. To conclude, inhibiting SSAO may attenuate weight gain and prevent related diseases.
Does Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Improve Neuromuscular Performance and Match Activity in Young Basketball Players? A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: López-Samanes Álvaro , Gómez Parra Aarón , Moreno-Pérez Victor , Courel-Ibáñez Javier
Published: January 2020

Whereas beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation is shown to increase physical performance in endurance activities, its benefits in team sports has been barely studied. In this randomized placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effects of BJ acute supplementation in improving neuromuscular performance and physical match activity in basketball. Ten young male competitive basketball players aged 15–16 years received 140 mL of BJ or placebo (PLA) on two separated days in a balanced cross-over design. Testing sessions comprised a neuromuscular test battery consisting of a countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric handgrip strength, 10-m/20-m sprint and agility T-test, followed by a 40-minute simulated basketball match. Physical match activity (distances, speeds, accelerations, and decelerations) was monitored using an inertial tracking system (Wimu ProTM) Results revealed no significant effects of BJ on CMJ (p = 0.304, ES = 0.13), isometric handgrip strength (p = 0.777, ES = 0.06), 10-m (p = 0.820, ES = 0.10), and 20-m sprint (p = 0.540, ES = 0.13), agility T-test (p = 0.979, ES ≤ 0.01) and any physical match demands (p > 0.151, ES = 0.13–0.48). Acute moderate doses of BJ (12.8 mmol of NO3−) was not effective in improving neuromuscular performance (jump height, isometric handgrip strength, sprint, and agility) or physical match requirements in young trained basketball players the day of the competition.
Characterization of Salmonella Isolates from Wastewater Treatment Plant Influents to Estimate Unreported Cases and Infection Sources of Salmonellosis
Authors: Yanagimoto Keita , Yamagami Takaya , Uematsu Kosei , Haramoto Eiji
Published: January 2020

Salmonella enterica is a major cause of gastroenteritis usually caused by animal-based contaminated foods. Since the current passive surveillance is not sufficient to detect all infections and infection sources, we determined the prevalence of Salmonella isolated from sewage influent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and compared the characteristics of human and food isolates to identify the infection sources. Sewage influent samples were collected monthly from two WWTPs located in the Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, for three years. Serotypes, antimicrobial resistances, isolation periods, isolated areas, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of six isolates belonging to five serotypes were consistent with those of the isolates from patients. Real-time PCR for Salmonella indicated that sewage influents reflect cases of patients infected with Salmonella, including unreported cases. Serovars Schwarzengrund and Anatum were predominant in sewage, but not in humans, and their characteristics were closely related or identical to those isolated from poultry heart and liver, respectively. These results suggest that sewage influent contains Salmonella isolates from humans and that some originated from unreported human cases infected by poultry-associated products. Therefore, it is necessary to take countermeasures against Salmonella infection based on the unreported cases, which would be disclosed by analysis of sewage influent.
Novel Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Linezolid in Critically Ill Patients and Evaluation of the Adequacy of the Current Dosing Recommendation
Authors: Soraluce Amaia , Barrasa Helena , Asín-Prieto Eduardo , Sánchez-Izquierdo Jose Ángel , Maynar Javier , Isla Arantxazu , Rodríguez-Gascón Alicia
Published: January 2020

Antimicrobial treatment in critically ill patients remains challenging. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for linezolid in critically ill patients and to evaluate the adequacy of current dosing recommendation (600 mg/12 h). Forty inpatients were included, 23 of whom were subjected to continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT). Blood and effluent samples were drawn after linezolid administration at defined time points, and linezolid levels were measured. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed, using NONMEM 7.3. The percentage of patients that achieved the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets was calculated (AUC24/MIC > 80 and 100% T>MIC). A two-compartment model best described the pharmacokinetics of linezolid. Elimination was conditioned by the creatinine clearance and by the extra-corporeal clearance if the patient was subjected to CRRT. For most patients, the standard dose of linezolid did not cover infections caused by pathogens with MIC ≥ 2 mg/L. Continuous infusion may be an alternative, especially when renal function is preserved.