bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Survivin Determination by Surface-Enhanced Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy on Nanostructured Silver Substrates
Authors: Geka Georgia , Kanioura Anastasia , Kochylas Ioannis , Likodimos Vlassis , Gardelis Spiros , Dimitriou Anastasios , Papanikolaou Nikolaos , Economou Anastasios , Kakabakos Sotirios , Petrou Panagiota
Published: October 2024

Survivin belongs to a family of proteins that promote cellular proliferation and inhibit cellular apoptosis. Its overexpression in various cancer types has led to its recognition as an important marker for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this work, we compare two approaches for the immunochemical detection of survivin through surface-enhanced fluorescence or Raman spectroscopy using surfaces with nanowires decorated with silver nanoparticles in the form of dendrites or aggregates as immunoassays substrates. In both substrates, a two-step non-competitive immunoassay was developed using a pair of specific monoclonal antibodies, one for detection and the other for capture. The detection antibody was biotinylated and combined with streptavidin labeled with rhodamine for the detection of surface-enhanced fluorescence, while, for the detection via Raman spectroscopy, streptavidin labeled with peroxidase was used and the signal was obtained after the application of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) precipitating substrate. It was found that the substrate with the silver dendrites provided higher fluorescence signal intensity compared to the substrate with the silver aggregates, while the opposite was observed for the Raman signal. Thus, the best substrate was used for each detection method. A detection limit of 12.5 pg/mL was achieved with both detection approaches along with a linear dynamic range up to 500 pg/mL, enabling survivin determination in human serum samples from both healthy and ovarian cancer patients for cancer diagnosis and monitoring purposes.
Chiari Formation or Malformation? Trends in the Pathophysiology and Surgical Treatment of an Ever-Elusive Entity
Authors: Visocchi Massimiliano , Benato Alberto , Palombi Davide , Signorelli Francesco
Published: October 2024

Background: Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) remains a complex neurosurgical condition with ongoing debate regarding its optimal management. Methods: This narrative review examines key controversies surrounding the pathophysiology, surgical indications, and treatment strategies for CM1. Results: We highlight the challenges posed by the wide spectrum of CM variants and the evolving understanding of its association with syringomyelia, basilar invagination, and craniovertebral instability. Emerging surgical techniques, including minimally invasive approaches and the use of new technologies such as endoscopes and exoscopes, are evaluated for their potential to improve outcomes. Recent consensus guidelines are also discussed. Conclusions: The need for individualized treatment plans for CM1 is emphasized, with special focus put on the connection between novel pathophysiological insights, technological advancements and opportunities for a more nuanced surgical management. Further research is necessary to establish solid foundations for more individualized treatments.
A Survey on Enterprise Resource Planning and Building Information Modeling Integration: A Construction 4.0 Perspective
Authors: Galagali Anagha Anirudh , Sandbhor Sayali , Ruikar Kirti
Published: October 2024

Managing the fragmented nature of information generated on construction sites and firms is the need of the hour. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) are the most prevalent information systems (ISs) used in the construction industry, with varied capabilities but also with significant overlap. It is essential to analyze the current state of Common Data Environments (CDEs) that support both BIM and ERP as separate systems, as well as those that facilitate their integration. This analysis will ultimately help establish a practical framework for implementing this integration, enabling smoother information flow and enhanced utilization in construction projects. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis and provides a global perspective on research developments in the field of construction ERP and its integrations with BIM. It consolidates publication data from various databases (e.g., Scopus and Web of Science) as per geographical spread, authors, and number of publications as per the keyword search. It observes key research themes in each phase of the analysis. This paper concludes that although the existing literature has established the benefits of BIM and ERP integration, research is still in its nascent stage and identifies research gaps that can be taken up for further research.
Mechanism of Wind and Buoyancy Driving on Ventilation and Pollutant Transport in an Idealized Urban Street Canyon
Authors: Jiang Guoyi , Wu Ming , Li Hongbo , Wu Yujin
Published: October 2024

The mechanisms underlying the effects of wind and buoyancy on ventilation in urban street canyons are unclear. This study investigated the effects of facade heating on ventilation and pollutant transport in an idealized street canyon with a 1.67 aspect ratio through computational fluid dynamics simulations. The dispersion pattern of discharged hot pollutants was also studied. A primary recirculation was observed when facade heating was not applied; this recirculation was promoted in leeward-wall and ground heating cases. However, the recirculation was bifurcated into two recirculations in windward-wall heating cases, restricting ventilation. Enhanced recirculation increased the ventilation and decreased the pollution level; by contrast, air pollution increased considerably when the recirculation was bifurcated and ventilation was restricted. In the hot-pollutant case, similar results to those in the ground-heating case were observed. The hot discharged pollutant enhanced ventilation, reducing pollution. The pollutant transport mechanism was determined through an analysis of pollutant fluxes. For the one-recirculation pattern, air convection transported the pollutant from the ground level to the top boundary, and turbulent diffusion then caused pollutant removal. For the two-recirculation pattern, turbulent diffusion contributed substantially to pollutant transport both in the junction between the recirculations and through the top boundary of the street canyon.
Prediction of Jacking Force for Construction of Long-Distance Rectangular Utility Tunnel Using Differential Evolution–Bidirectional Gated Re-Current Unit–Attention Model
Authors: Liu Tianshuang , Liu Juncheng , Tan Yong , Fan Dongdong
Published: October 2024

Most of the current machine learning algorithms are applied to predict the jacking force required in micro-tunneling; in contrast, few studies about long-distance, large-section jacking projects have been reported in the literature. In this study, an intelligent framework, consisting of a differential evolution (DE), a bidirectional gated re-current unit (BiGRU), and attention mechanisms was developed to automatically identify the optimal hyperparameters and assign weights to the information features, as well as capture the bidirectional temporal features of sequential data. Based on field data from a pipe jacking project crossing underneath a canal, the model’s performance was compared with those of four conventional models (RNN, GRU, BiGRU, and DE–BiGRU). The results indicated that the DE–BiGRU–attention model performed best among these models. Then, the generalization performance of the proposed model in predicting jacking forces was evaluated with the aid of a similar case at the site. It was found that fine-tuning parameters for specific projects is essential for improving the model’s generalization performance. More generally, the proposed prediction model was found to be practically useful to professionals and engineers in making real-time adjustments to jacking parameters, predicting jacking force, and carrying out performance evaluations.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Seismic Performance of Widened Flange Connections in Mid-Flange H-Beams and Box Columns
Authors: Gemechu Tigist Demssice , Lu Linfeng
Published: October 2024

Following the Northridge and Kobe earthquakes, research has increasingly focused on achieving high ductility in beam-to-column connections. This study investigates the seismic performance of connections featuring widened beam-end flanges in mid-flange H-beams and box columns, an area with limited prior research compared to I-section columns and narrow-flange H-beams. Detailed finite element modeling using ABAQUS 6.1.4 demonstrates that widened beam-end flanges significantly improve bending capacity and ductility by relocating the plastic hinge away from the connection, thereby enhancing seismic resilience. Key findings include the identification of optimal design parameters: flange length ranging from 0.55 to 0.75 times the beam flange width, beam flange cutting length between 0.36 and 0.39 times the beam depth, and flange cutting depth from 0.19 to 0.23 times the beam flange width. These parameters ensure effective plastic hinge development and improved structural performance. This study introduces a novel approach that emphasizes geometric optimization over material-based enhancements, offering a cost-effective and practical solution for improving seismic performance and extending previous research insights.
A Mesoscale Comparative Analysis of the Elastic Modulus in Rock-Filled Concrete for Structural Applications
Authors: Ihteshaam Muhammad Ibrar , Jin Feng , Xu Xiaorong
Published: October 2024

Rock-filled concrete (RFC) is an advanced construction material that integrates high-performance self-compacting concrete (HSCC) with large rocks exceeding 300 mm, providing advantages such as reduced hydration heat and increased construction processes. The elastic modulus of RFC is a critical parameter that directly influences its structural performance, making it vital for modern construction applications that require strength and stiffness. However, there is a scientific gap in understanding the effects of rock size, shape, arrangement, and volumetric ratio on this parameter. This study investigates these factors using mesoscale finite element models (FEMs) with spherical and polyhedral rocks. The results reveal that polyhedral rocks increase the elastic modulus compared to spherical rocks, enhancing RFC’s load-bearing capacity. Additionally, a 5% increase in the elastic modulus was observed when the rockfill ratio was increased from 50% to 60%, demonstrating a direct correlation between rock volume and mechanical performance. Furthermore, the elastic modulus rises significantly in the early stages of placement, followed by a gradual increase over time. Optimal rock sizes and a balanced mix of rock shapes allow for improved concrete flow and mechanical properties, making RFC a highly efficient material for construction. These findings offer valuable insights for designers and engineers looking to optimize RFC for structural applications.
Structural Evaluation on the Floating Production Storage and Offloading Large Flow Gas Processing Module Based on FEM Analysis
Authors: Qiu Ming , He Yanping , Lyu Yibin , Wang Zhengang , Li Mingzhi , Zhou Zhijie , Zhang Yongkang , Lin Chaohui
Published: October 2024

The floating hoisting of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) production modules introduces substantial challenges due to the propensity for excessive deformation within the typical tubular truss structures during operations. This research proposes a temporary reinforcement scheme, leveraging finite element method simulations under wind, wave, and current loads, to mitigate deformation concerns. Utilizing DNV GeniE software, this study establishes a finite element model, simulating the floating lifting process and conducting a comparative analysis between pre- and post-reinforcement scenarios. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in maximum stress and deformation, substantiating the efficacy of the reinforcement strategy and underscoring the safety and reliability of such operations. The successful execution of this methodology heralds a promising avenue for marine engineering practices, advocating for the optimization of large-scale offshore module installation.
Elastic Modulus Prediction of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete with Different Machine Learning Models
Authors: Zhang Chaohui , Liu Peng , Song Tiantian , He Bin , Li Wei , Peng Yuansheng
Published: October 2024

Elastic modulus, crucial for assessing material stiffness and structural deformation, has recently gained popularity in predictions using data-driven methods. However, research systematically comparing different machine learning models under the same conditions, especially for ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), remains limited. In this study, 10 different machine learning models were evaluated for their capacity to predict the elastic modulus of UHPC. The results showed that XGBoost demonstrated the highest accuracy in predictions with large training datasets, followed by KNNs. For smaller training datasets, Decision Tree exhibited the greatest accuracy, while XGBoost was the second-best performing model. Linear regression displayed the lowest accuracy. XGBoost demonstrated the most potential for accurately predicting the elastic modulus of UHPC, particularly when a comprehensive dataset is available for model training. The optimized XGBoost exhibited better predictive performance than fitting equations for different UHPC formulations. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for researchers and engineers working on the data-driven design and characterization of UHPC.
Effects of Contractual and Relational Governance on Project Performance: The Role of BIM Application Level
Authors: Yi Bing , Nie Nina Lee See
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore the moderating role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) between project governance and project performance. The theoretical foundation of this research is rooted in transaction cost economics. The data come from the construction industry in China’s Sichuan province. A dataset comprising 175 survey responses was subjected to analysis through the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The findings confirm that contract completeness and contract flexibility positively influence project performance, and trust in relational governance also has a positive impact on project performance. Additionally, the level of BIM application moderates the relationships between contract flexibility and trust with project performance. However, a significant positive relationship between contract completeness and project performance was not observed. These findings establish a groundwork for transitioning project governance research from a static to a dynamic viewpoint, thereby facilitating the practical implementation of BIM technology. As a result, this study enriches the academic comprehension of governance amidst digital transformation and provides actionable suggestions for fostering efficient governance practices within a technologically progressive landscape.
Exploring Urban Heat Distribution via Intra- and Extra-Block Morphologies with Integrated Stacked Models
Authors: Xia Yike , Wang Qi , Ren Lanhong , Wang Haitao
Published: October 2024

The spatial variability of land surface temperature (LST) is considerably affected by urban morphology. Previous research has focused separately on the thermal effects of urban morphology and the cooling effects of water bodies and urban parks. However, the combined influence of intra- and extra-block factors on LST has not been thoroughly examined. To bridge this research gap, we conducted an extensive analysis of 17 urban morphology factors in Hangzhou by employing a novel stacked ensemble approach. Results showed that the stacked ensemble models outperformed commonly used techniques, such as random forest and boosted regression trees. Extra-block factors, alongside building density, average building height, and vegetation coverage within blocks, predominantly influenced the LST distribution across all seasons. Building density was positively correlated with LST, with a maximum influence of 1.5 °C in spring, whereas building height was negatively correlated with it, with a maximum influence of 1.8 °C in winter. The cooling distance of the Qiantang River extends up to 2500 m into the urban blocks and has a maximum effect of 2 °C in summer. These insights deepen our comprehension of the interplay between LST and intra- and extra-block urban morphologies, thus offering valuable guidance for urban planners and policymakers.
Kiln–House Isomorphism and Cultural Isomerism in the Pavilions of the Yuci Area: The Xiang-Ming Pavilion as an Example
Authors: Zhang Zexi , Wang Chongen , Hu Chuanjin
Published: October 2024

The pavilion is a time-honored architectural form in the Chinese silhouette with strong regional characteristics. Its appearance and technical means are often adaptively combined according to the characteristics of local architecture. The “kiln–house isomorphism” is a unique construction technology of the Shanxi construction type in China. Therefore, the “kiln–house isomorphism” is generally adopted for the construction of pavilions in Shanxi. This study focuses on Xiaonanzhuang Village, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. Taking the Xiang-ming Pavilion, the core building of the village, as an example, we analyze the architectural characteristics of the “kiln–house isomorphism” in the pavilion in this area, describe the general construction rules of the region, and conduct a deep investigation of the five “cultural isomerism” factors of the pavilions in the region, namely, geomancy, etiquette and music, beliefs, clans, and cultivation and study. The results of this research will enrich the regional knowledge of such pavilions and add new objects for the protection of local architectural heritage, providing a theoretical basis for the contemporary adaptive reuse of pavilions in the Yuci area from a cultural perspective.
Grid Optimization of Free-Form Spatial Structures Considering the Mechanical Properties
Authors: Liu Fengcheng , Xu Tao , Chan Yung William Sasy , Tsavdaridis Konstantinos Daniel
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the application of free-form surface spatial grid structures in large public buildings has become increasingly common. The layouts of grids are important factors that affect both the mechanical performance and aesthetic appeal of such structures. To achieve a triangular grid with good mechanical performance and uniformity on free-form surfaces, this study proposes a new method called the “strain energy gradient optimization method”. The grid topology is optimized to maximize the overall stiffness, by analyzing the sensitivity of nodal coordinates to the overall strain energy. The results indicate that the overall strain energy of the optimized grid has decreased, indicating an improvement in the structural stiffness. Specifically, compared to the initial grid, the optimized grid has a 30% decrease in strain energy and a 43.3% decrease in maximum nodal displacement. To optimize the smoothness of the grid, the study further applies the Laplacian grid smoothing method. Compared to the mechanically adjusted grid, the structural mechanical performance does not significantly change after smoothing, while the geometric indicators are noticeably improved, with smoother lines and regular shapes. On the other hand, compared to the initial grid, the smoothed grid has a 21.4% decrease in strain energy and a 28.3% decrease in maximum nodal displacement.
Investigation of a Novel Thermochemical Reactor for Medium- and Low-Temperature Heating Applications in Buildings
Authors: Han Xiaojing , Zeng Cheng , Zhu Zishang , Sun Yanyi , Zhao Xudong
Published: October 2024

This research paper investigates a novel triangular honeycomb thermochemical energy storage reactor for low- and medium-temperature applications in buildings, emphasizing its potential to enhance sustainable heating. Using a validated 3D numerical model, the reactor’s performance is analyzed in depth across various configurations, focusing on key parameters such as energy storage density, pressure drop, internal air flow distribution, and round-trip efficiency. Results show that the reactor achieved an energy storage density of 872 kJ/kg and a round-trip thermal efficiency of 41.51% under optimal conditions. Additionally, the triangular honeycomb reactor (30°, 60, and 90°) configuration achieved the highest temperature lift of 48.7 °C. In a feasibility analysis for residential heating in northern China, the reactor with 30°, 60°, and 90° angles required 24.91% less volume to meet daily heating demands compared to other configurations. This study contributes valuable insights for the development of efficient, low-carbon heating solutions for low- and medium-temperature applications in buildings, offering interesting advancements in the field of thermochemical energy storage technology.
Prognostic Impact of HER2 Low Status in Male Breast Cancer: Prospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Ignatov Atanas , Lempfer Sina , Mészáros József , Eggemann Holm
Published: October 2024

Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, and the potential influence of low expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 low) remains unexplored. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated 870 patients treated for MBC between May 2009 and June 2023 to assess HER2 low status and its prognostic implications. Results: With a median follow-up of 43 months (range 1–175 months), 659 eligible patients were categorized into three groups based on HER2 status: 501 (76%) HER2 low, 81 (12.3%) HER2 zero, and 77 (11.7%) HER2 positive. HER2 positivity correlated with younger age, higher proliferation index, non-specific type histology, lymphovascular invasion (LVSI), and low differentiation grade. Notably, all these parameters were equally distributed between the HER2 zero and HER2 low groups. Additionally, HER2 positivity was significantly associated with increased occurrences of regional and distant lymph nodes and pulmonary metastases. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between HER2 zero and HER2 low. Disease-free and overall survival showed no significant disparities between the groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that HER2 low status is frequently detected in MBC. Despite this, HER2 low did not correlate with clinical and pathological parameters, nor did it impact patients’ survival.
Distribution of 14 High-Risk HPV Types and p16/Ki67 Dual-Stain Status in Post-Colposcopy Histology Results: Negative, Low- and High-Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
Authors: Mazurec Karolina , Trzeszcz Martyna , Mazurec Maciej , Kobierzycki Christopher , Jach Robert , Halon Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

Background: Determining the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types in histologic low-(LSIL) and high-grade (HSIL/CIN2+) squamous intraepithelial lesions through a diagnostic process in a cervical cancer prevention provides one of the key etiological factors behind further progression and persistence. Incorporating novel high-grade cervical lesion biomarkers such as p16/Ki67 dual staining (DS) alongside HPV typing has become important in detecting cervical precancers. Methods: Among 28,525 screening tests and 602 histology results, 559 cases with HR-HPV and histology results obtained from colposcopic biopsy were retrospectively analyzed, together with DS status. The χ2 test with Bonferroni correction evaluated the differences in HR-HPV type prevalence and DS positivity across three histologic study groups. Results: A statistically significant difference in the prevalence of HPV 16 was observed between negative and HSIL/CIN2+ (p = 0.00027) groups, as well as between the LSIL/CIN1 and HSIL/CIN2+ groups (p = 0.00041). However, no significant difference was found between the negative and LSIL/CIN1 groups. Similarly, the DS positivity difference was significant between the negative and HSIL/CIN2+ (p < 0.0001) and between the LSIL/CIN1 and HSIL/CIN2+ groups (p < 0.0001), but there was no significant difference between the negative and LSIL/CIN1 groups. Conclusions: The study highlights the heterogeneous nature of HPV-related cervical pathologies, and the distinct risks associated with different cervical lesion grades, emphasizing the importance of HR-HPV type distribution and DS status.
Effect of Prior Transurethral Prostate Resection (TURP) or Laser Enucleation (ThuLEP) on Radiotherapy-Induced Toxicity and Quality of Life in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Definitive Radiotherapy
Authors: Steike David Rene , Troschel Fabian Martin , Roers Julian , Siats Jan Jakob , Kittel Christopher , Pepper Niklas Benedikt , Gravemeyer Stefan , Papavassilis Philipp , Schrader Andres Jan , Eich Hans Theodor , Scobioala Sergiu
Published: October 2024

In our study, the post-radiotherapy quality of life of prostate cancer patients who previously underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is compared to those who had thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) and those who had no prior surgery. It also aims to identify and assess risk factors affecting therapy tolerance in this patient group. We analyzed 132 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy (RT), including 23 who had prior TURP and 19 who previously underwent ThuLEP. A total of 62% of patients underwent irradiation within 12 months after surgery. We included only patients treated with radiotherapy using the IMRT technique. Changes in patient-reported urinary toxicity were evaluated using the International Prostate Syndrome Score (IPSS) and the quality of life index of the World Health Organization (QoL/WHO-PSS) over a three-year post-radiotherapy period. Patients with prior TURP experienced significant deterioration in QoL and IPSS immediately after irradiation (p < 0.001), whereas those without previous surgery showed both less significant differences in IPSS and QoL scores. In conclusion, patients with previous TURP/ThuLEP differ from those without previous surgery in urinary quality of life and acute and chronic urinary symptom profiles after RT. The surgical technique (ThuLEP vs. TURP) and the time interval to irradiation are crucial factors affecting RT tolerance in acute and late settings. The previously operated patient group reported a significantly longer period of increased symptom burden.
Short-Term Outcomes Analysis Comparing Open, Lap-Assisted, Totally Laparoscopic, and Robotic Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Manara Michele , Aiolfi Alberto , Bonitta Gianluca , Schlanger Diana , Popa Calin , Lombardo Francesca , Manfredini Livia , Biondi Antonio , Bonavina Luigi , Bona Davide
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Total gastrectomy (TG) is the cornerstone treatment for gastric cancer (GC). While open TG (OTG) with D2 lymphadenectomy remains the gold standard, alternative techniques such as lap-assisted TG (LATG), totally laparoscopic TG (TLTG), and robotic TG (RTG) have been reported with promising outcomes. The present analysis aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of different techniques for TG comprehensively in the setting of GC. Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis were performed. The primary outcomes were overall complications (OC), severe postoperative complications (SPCs), and anastomotic leak (AL). Pooled effect-size measures included risk ratio (RR), weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Results: Sixty-eight studies (44,689 patients) were included. Overall, 52.4% underwent OTG, 6.5% LATG, 39.2% TLTG, and 1.9% RTG. Both TLTG (RR 0.82; 95% CrI 0.73–0.92) and RTG (RR 0.75; 95% CrI 0.59–0.95) showed a reduced rate of postoperative OC compared to OTG. SPCs and AL RR were comparable across all techniques. Despite the longer operative time, LATG, TLTG, and RTG showed reduced intraoperative blood loss, time to first flatus, ambulation, liquid diet resumption, and hospital stay compared to OTG. Conclusions: Minimally invasive approaches seem to be associated with improved OC and functional outcomes compared to OTG.
Biocatalytic Production of Solketal Esters from Used Oil Utilizing Treated Macauba Epicarp Particles as Lipase Immobilization Support: A Dual Valorization of Wastes for Sustainable Chemistry
Authors: Miguel Júnior José , Dimas João V. B. , Barbosa Milson S. , Gomes Raphael A. B. , Carvalho Ana K. F. , Soares Cleide M. F. , Fernandez-Lafuente Roberto , Mendes Adriano A.
Published: October 2024

This study describes the production of solketal esters from used soybean cooking oil (USCO) via enzymatic hydroesterification. This process consists of the complete hydrolysis of USCO into free fatty acids (FFAs) catalyzed by crude lipase extract from Candida rugosa (CRL). The resulting FFAs were recovered and utilized as the raw material for an esterification reaction with solketal, which was achieved via an open reaction. For this purpose, lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0 (ET2.0) was immobilized via physical adsorption on treated epicarp particles from Acrocomia aculeata (macauba), a lignocellulosic residue. A protein loading of 25.2 ± 1.3 mg g−1 with a support and immobilization yield of 64.8 ± 2.5% was achieved using an initial protein loading of 40 mg g−1 of support. The influence of certain parameters on the esterification reaction was evaluated using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). Under optimal conditions, a FFAs conversion of 72.5 ± 0.8% was obtained after 150 min of reaction at 46 °C using a biocatalyst concentration of 20% wt. and a FFAs–solketal molar ratio of 1:1.6. The biocatalyst retained 70% of its original activity after ten esterification batches. This paper shows the conversion of two agro-industrial waste into valuable materials (enzyme immobilization support and solketal esters).
Neddylation and Its Target Cullin 3 Are Essential for Adipocyte Differentiation
Authors: Zhou Hongyi , Patel Vijay , Rice Robert , Lee Richard , Kim Ha Won , Weintraub Neal L. , Su Huabo , Chen Weiqin
Published: October 2024

The ongoing obesity epidemic has raised awareness of the complex physiology of adipose tissue. Abnormal adipocyte differentiation results in the development of systemic metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and diabetes. The conjugation of NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 8) to target protein, termed neddylation, has been shown to mediate adipogenesis. However, much remains unknown about its role in adipogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that neddylation and its targets, the cullin (CUL) family members, are differentially regulated during mouse and human adipogenesis. Inhibition of neddylation by MLN4924 significantly reduced adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 and human stromal vascular cells. Deletion of NAE1, a subunit of the only NEDD8 E1 enzyme, suppressed neddylation and impaired adipogenesis. Neddylation deficiency did not affect mitotic cell expansion. Instead, it disrupted CREB/CEBPβ/PPARγ signaling, essential for adipogenesis. Interestingly, among the neddylation-targeted CUL family members, deletion of CUL3, but not CUL1, CUL2, or CUL4A, largely replicated the adipogenic defects observed with neddylation deficiency. A PPARγ agonist minimally rescued the adipogenic defects caused by the deletion of NAE1 and CUL3. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that neddylation and its targeted CUL3 are crucial for adipogenesis. These findings provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention in obesity and metabolic disorders.
Adenosine Metabolism Pathway Alterations in Frontal Cortical Neurons in Schizophrenia
Authors: Sahay Smita , Devine Emily A. , Vargas Christina F.-A. , McCullumsmith Robert E. , O’Donovan Sinead M.
Published: October 2024

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric illness characterized by altered neurotransmission, in which adenosine, a modulator of glutamate and dopamine, plays a critical role that is relatively unexplored in the human brain. In the present study, postmortem human brain tissue from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of individuals with schizophrenia (n = 20) and sex- and age-matched control subjects without psychiatric illness (n = 20) was obtained from the Bronx–Mount Sinai NIH Brain and Tissue Repository. Enriched populations of ACC pyramidal neurons were isolated using laser microdissection (LMD). The mRNA expression levels of six key adenosine pathway components—adenosine kinase (ADK), equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2 (ENT1 and ENT2), ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases 1 and 3 (ENTPD1 and ENTPD3), and ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E)—were quantified using real-time PCR (qPCR) in neurons from these individuals. No significant mRNA expression differences were observed between the schizophrenia and control groups (p > 0.05). However, a significant sex difference was found in ADK mRNA expression, with higher levels in male compared with female subjects (Mann–Whitney U = 86; p < 0.05), a finding significantly driven by disease (t(17) = 3.289; p < 0.05). Correlation analyses also demonstrated significant associations (n = 12) between the expression of several adenosine pathway components (p < 0.05). In our dementia severity analysis, ENTPD1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in males in the “mild” clinical dementia rating (CDR) bin compared with males in the “none” CDR bin (F(2, 13) = 5.212; p < 0.05). Lastly, antipsychotic analysis revealed no significant impact on the expression of adenosine pathway components between medicated and non-medicated schizophrenia subjects (p > 0.05). The observed sex-specific variations and inter-component correlations highlight the value of investigating sex differences in disease and contribute to the molecular basis of schizophrenia’s pathology.
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Natural Nanocarriers in the Treatment of Nephrotoxic Injury In Vitro
Authors: Convento Márcia Bastos , de Oliveira Andreia Silva , Boim Mirian Aparecida , Borges Fernanda Teixeira
Published: October 2024

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (UC-EVs) are valuable in nanomedicine as natural nanocarriers, carrying information molecules from their parent cells and fusing with targeted cells. miRNA-126, specific to endothelial cells and derived from these vesicles, supports vascular integrity and angiogenesis and has protective effects in kidney diseases. Objective: This study investigates the delivery of miRNA-126 and anti-miRNA-126 via UC-EVs as natural nanocarriers for treating nephrotoxic injury in vitro. Method: The umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell and UC-EVs were characterized according to specific guidelines. Rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (tubular cells) were exposed to nephrotoxic injury through of gentamicin and simultaneously treated with UC-EVs carrying miRNA-126 or anti-miRNA-126. Specific molecules that manage cell cycle progression, proliferation cell assays, and newly synthesized DNA and DNA damage markers were evaluated. Results: We observed significant increases in the expression of cell cycle markers, including PCNA, p53, and p21, indicating a positive cell cycle regulation with newly synthesized DNA via BrDU. The treatments reduced the expression of DNA damage marker, such as H2Ax, suggesting a lower rate of cellular damage. Conclusions: The UC-EVs, acting as natural nanocarriers of miRNA-126 and anti-miRNA-126, offer nephroprotective effects in vitro. Additionally, other components in UC-EVs, such as proteins, lipids, and various RNAs, might also contribute to these effects.
RhoBTB3 Functions as a Novel Regulator of Autophagy by Suppressing AMBRA1 Stability
Authors: Kim Kyungho , Kim Dong-Gun , Kim Youn-Jae
Published: October 2024

Autophagy is essential for cell survival and cellular homeostasis under various stress conditions. Therefore, autophagy dysfunction is associated with the pathogenesis of various human diseases. We explored the regulatory role of RhoBTB3 in autophagy and its interaction with activating molecules in AMBRA1. RhoBTB3 deficiency was found to induce autophagy, while its overexpression inhibited autophagy induction. Through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, AMBRA1 was identified as a substrate of RhoBTB3. The study revealed that RhoBTB3 regulates AMBRA1 stability by influencing its protein levels without affecting its mRNA levels. RhoBTB3 induced the ubiquitination of AMBRA1, leading to proteasome-mediated degradation, with the ubiquitination occurring at K45 on AMBRA1 through a K27-linked ubiquitin chain. The knockdown of AMBRA1 blocked RhoBTB3 knockdown-induced autophagy, indicating the dependency of autophagy on AMBRA1. Thus, RhoBTB3 negatively regulates autophagy by mediating AMBRA1 ubiquitination and degradation, suggesting RhoBTB3 as a potential therapeutic target for autophagy-related diseases.
Synthesis of Magnesia–Hercynite-Based Refractories from Mill Scale and Secondary Aluminum Dross: Implication for Recycling Metallurgical Wastes
Authors: Wongsawan Praphaphan , Boonlom Nantiya , Vantar Muenfahn , Kongkarat Somyote
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the synthesis of magnesia–hercynite-based refractories using blends of magnesia powder, aluminum dross (AD), mill scale (MS), and graphite, focusing on the effects of carbon concentration and heating temperature. The results demonstrate successful synthesis at 1550 °C and 1650 °C, with high magnesia content (C80 and D80) leading to the formation of distinct phases, including MgO, FeAl2O4, MgFeAlO4, CaMg(SiO4), and Ca3Mg(SiO4)2, which influence the ceramic’s microstructure and mechanical properties. Increased magnesia content reduces porosity and enhances crushing strength, while heating to 1650 °C significantly improves densification and nearly doubles cold crushing strength, from 43.77–58.97 MPa at 1550 °C to 76.79–95.67 MPa at 1650 °C. These findings suggest that the synthesized refractories exhibit properties comparable to commercial magnesia–hercynite bricks, with potential for the further development for industrial rotary kiln applications.
Insect-Based Foods: A Preliminary Qualitative Study Exploring Factors Affecting Acceptance and New Product Development Ideas through Focus Groups
Authors: Ranga Leocardia , Noci Francesco , Dermiki Maria
Published: October 2024

While insect-based foods could contribute towards sustainable protein consumption and production, their successful adoption relies largely on consumer acceptance. This case study aims to explore factors affecting acceptance and to identify the insect-based foods that participants would like to be developed and introduced to the market. Three focus groups incorporating optional tasting sessions of insect-based foods were conducted in Ireland, a country where these foods were unavailable at the time of the study. Findings showed that before the tasting sessions, public opinion, portion size comparisons (insects vs. meat), and witnessing entomophagy-related disturbing experiences through television were some of the factors that negatively influenced acceptance. Lack of availability in Ireland was the main factor that hindered consumption among participants willing to consume these foods. Participants’ usual food choice motives, sensory attributes, and inclusion percentages of insects in food were some factors which affected acceptance following the tasting sessions. A variety of insect-based foods was suggested for product development, which were mostly components of a main meal. The findings of this study could give an initial indication of product ideas that could be explored further for product development in regions where insect-based foods are not readily available on the market. These findings could contribute to future studies that would aim to build quantitative tools.
The First Case of Schaumann Bodies in Pediatric Very Early Onset Crohn’s Disease: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jevtić Jovan , Đuknić Miloš , Popovac Nevena , Ristić Nina , Milovanovich Ivan , Radusinović Milica , Đordjić Irena , Simić Ljubica , Nikolić Gorana , Životić Maja , Mioljević Ana , Bogosavljević Nikola , Janković Radmila
Published: October 2024

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel condition with increasing global incidence. Diagnosing CD is challenging and requires close collaboration between clinicians and pathologists due to the lack of specific diagnostic criteria. Histologically, CD is characterized by transmural inflammation, crypt distortion, metaplasia, and granulomas, although granulomas are not always present. Schaumann bodies (SB), initially described in sarcoidosis, are rare in CD but have been reported in about 10% of cases. This case report presents a 4-year-old female with chronic hemorrhagic diarrhea, severe anemia, and elevated inflammatory markers. Endoscopic and histological evaluations suggested CD, with the presence of SB in the gastric mucosa. Further investigations ruled out sarcoidosis, confirming a diagnosis of multi-segmental, very early onset CD with atypical histological features. SB are inclusions composed of calcium carbonate crystals and conchoid bodies, typically found within giant cells. The presence of SB in the mucosa is rare, limiting their diagnostic significance in endoscopic biopsies. Differential diagnosis should exclude other granulomatous diseases such as intestinal tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. This case highlights the importance of considering SB in the diagnosis of CD, particularly in pediatric patients.
Well-Being and Healthcare Inequality on Bulon-Don Island in Southern Thailand—Results of a Pre-Intervention Field Survey
Authors: Sathirapanya Chutarat , Khwanmad Suweena , Sathirapanya Pornchai
Published: October 2024

Background and objectives: Children living in an area distant from or associated with barriers to travelling to health service centres usually experience health and well-being disparities. This is a survey of child health and well-being on Bulon-Don Island, located 22 kms. from the southern mainland of Thailand, to gather essential background data before activating responses from local service provider agencies. Methods: Demographic data, physical and crude psychological health, harm to health, and living conditions of Bulon-Don children aged 1–14 years were studied and compared with the results of the corresponding national child health survey. Descriptive statistics were used for the statistical analysis of significance (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 21 male and 41 female children (N = 62) participated in the survey after obtaining consents from parents or care providers. The islanders are Indigenous people who use their own languages and have traditional beliefs. Comparing with the children of the national survey, most children aged <5 years were found to have significantly lower height and weight according to their age (p = 0.044 and p = 0.043, respectively), whereas those aged >5 years had a similar nutritional status. In addition, there is a lack of facilities for healthy living. However, the mean total psychological and ethical standards scores were significantly higher in the 1–5 and 6–9-year-old children. Conclusions: Disparity of socio-political status, cultural beliefs and practices, socioeconomic basis, and geographic distance from the mainland were the social determinants and barriers of low health service accessibility for the islander children. Comprehensive child health and well-being evaluation in an enclave of isolation like this is mandatory before an integrated intervention carried out by the local healthcare and living facilities providers is implemented.
Psychological Sequelae of Dog Bites in Children: A Review
Authors: Monti Laura , Kotzalidis Georgios D. , Arcangeli Valentina , Brozzi Camilla , Iacovino Rossella , Giansanti Cristina , Belella Daniela , Marconi Elisa , Pulitanò Silvia Maria , Mazza Marianna , Marano Giuseppe , Conti Giorgio , Janiri Delfina , Sani Gabriele , Chieffo Daniela Pia Rosaria
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Although rare in the Western world, dog bites may be lethal or lead to physically severe outcomes. However, little attention is given to their psychological consequences. We aimed to review their psychological consequences in children 1–14 years of age, focusing on the prevalence and nature of psychological disorders, evaluating the impact on future mental health of children and their families, and assessing the effectiveness of preventive interventions and measures. Methods: On 23 May 2024, we investigated the PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES databases using (“dog bite” OR animal-induced OR animal-caused) AND (psychol* OR mental OR psychiatr* OR anxiety OR anxious OR depress* OR obsess* OR trauma* OR psychosis OR psychotic OR schizophren* OR schizoaffect*) filtered for ages 0–18 years. This resulted in 311 records, of which 50 were eligible. These included original research, case reports, patient surveys, and reviews/meta-analyses. Results: Findings indicate that younger children are particularly vulnerable, often suffering head/neck bites, leading to severe injuries and psychological distress, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being a common outcome. Symptoms such as nightmares, flashbacks, anxiety, and social withdrawal were frequently reported. Positive parental support and timely psychological interventions were found to mitigate these effects. Conclusions: Interdisciplinary approaches integrating education, cognitive restructuring, and behaviour modification are needed to effectively prevent and address the psychological impacts of dog bites. Summarising, dog bites in children result in substantial psychological sequelae, necessitating robust prevention and intervention strategies to improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of chronic mental conditions.
Meningomyelocele Perioperative Management in Neonatal: Case Series
Authors: Suryaningrat Filla Reviyani , Irenewati Sindy , Sobana Mirna , Kadi Fiva Aprilia , Primadi Aris , Yuniati Tetty
Published: October 2024

Background: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a congenital malformation affecting the central nervous system, categorized as a neural tube defect (NTDs). In untreated cases, the mortality rate within the first six months of life ranges from 35% to 70%. Globally, its incidence is estimated 0.8 to 1 per 1000 live births, and rates are higher in Asia and lower socioeconomic groups. This disease imposes a significant treatment cost and burden due to life-long disabilities. In less developed or developing countries, delays in diagnosis can lead to complications such as infection and rupture. Although rupture is a rare complication in MMC, there are limited studies that have reported it. This study aims to discuss the perioperative management and potential complications of ruptured MMC. Method: This study presents four cases of ruptured MMC that were referred from private hospitals and managed by Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in West Java, Indonesia. Each patiens underwent a clinical assessment and diagnostic evaluation upon arrival, followed by perioperative theraphy and management of any complications that emerged during treatment. Result: In three of the four cases, the children were over 24 h old when they were admitted to the hospital. Three cases were located in the lumbosacral region while one case was located in the thoracic region. Upon arrival, the clinical presentations we observed included microcephaly, small for gestational age (SGA) and congenital talipes equionavrus (CTEV). And we found several complications included wound dehisence, respiratiory failure, hydrocephalus, leg weakness, menigitis and sepsis after surgery. Conclusions: Perioperative management is highlighted as vital, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach and precise surgical techniques to mitigate severe complications.