bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propensity Score–matched Donor and Recipient Outcomes: Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Donor Right Hepatectomy
Authors: Kim Na Reum , Han Dai Hoon , Joo Dong Jin , Lee Jae Geun , Kim Deok-Gie , Kim Myoung Soo , Choi Jin Sub , Choi Gi Hong
Published: October 2024

Background.

Few studies have examined the long-term outcomes of recipients in minimally invasive donor hepatectomies, particularly comparing robotic and laparoscopic donor procedures. Understanding these outcomes is crucial for optimizing surgical approaches and improving the overall success of living donor liver transplantation. This study aimed to compare the feasibility and safety of robotic donor right hepatectomy (RDRH) and laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy (LDRH) by evaluating total follow-up patient outcomes.

Methods.

This retrospective, single-center study included 117 and 118 donors who underwent RDRH and LDRH between March 2016 and June 2023, respectively. After performing 1:1 propensity score matching, 71 donor–recipient pairs were included in each group. Donor and recipient complications were divided into early (within 90 d) and late (after 90 d) biliary and vascular complications.

Results.

In the matched cohort, major complication rates of donors were similar in both groups. Bile duct (BD) variation was not significantly different; however, the rates of multiple BD openings (26.8% versus 54.9%; P = 0.001) and major biliary complications in recipients were higher in the LDRH group (22.5% versus 42.3%; P = 0.012). The cumulative biliary complication rate was significantly higher in the LDRH group. Early biliary complications were not significantly different; however, the rate of late biliary complications was higher in the LDRH group (11.3% versus 23.9%; P = 0.047).

Conclusions.

RDRH demonstrated comparable postoperative complications to LDRH in donors but showed fewer recipient biliary complications. This could be attributed to the precision of robotic dissection and BD division, resulting in fewer multiple BD openings.
Skull evolution and lineage diversification in endemic Malagasy carnivorans
Authors: Law Chris J. , Linden Tate J. , Flynn John J.
Published: October 2024

Madagascar is one of the world’s foremost biodiversity hotspots with more than 90% of its species endemic to the island. Malagasy carnivorans are one of only four extant terrestrial mammalian clades endemic to Madagascar. Although there are only eight extant species, these carnivorans exhibit remarkable phenotypic and ecological diversity that is often hypothesized to have diversified through an adaptive radiation. Here, we investigated the evolution of skull diversity in Malagasy carnivorans and tested if they exhibited characteristics of convergence and an adaptive radiation. We found that their skull disparity exceeds that of any other feliform family, as their skulls vary widely and strikingly capture a large amount of the morphological variation found across all feliforms. We also found evidence of shared adaptive zones in cranial shape between euplerid subclades and felids, herpestids and viverrids. Lastly, contrary to predictions of adaptive radiation, we found that Malagasy carnivorans do not exhibit rapid lineage diversification and only marginally faster rates of mandibular shape evolution and to a lesser extent cranial shape evolution, compared to other feliforms. These results reveal that exceptional diversification rates are not necessary to generate the striking phenotypic diversity that evolved in carnivorans after their dispersal to and isolation on Madagascar.
Bcl11b orchestrates subcerebral projection neuron axon development via cell-autonomous, non-cell-autonomous, and subcellular mechanisms
Authors: Itoh Yasuhiro , Woodworth Mollie B. , Greig Luciano C. , Engmann Anne K. , Tillman Dustin E. , Hatch John J. , Macklis Jeffrey D.
Published: October 2024

Both cell-intrinsic competency and extracellular cues regulate axon projection, but mechanisms that coordinate these elements remain poorly understood. Subcerebral projection neurons (SCPN) extend their primary axons from cortex through subcortical structures, including the striatum, targeting the brainstem and spinal cord. We identify that the transcription factor Bcl11b/Ctip2 functions in multiple independent neuron populations to control SCPN axon development.Bcl11bexpressed by SCPN is required cell-autonomously for axonal outgrowth and efficient entry into the internal capsule within the striatum, whileBcl11bexpressed by medium spiny neurons (MSN) non-cell-autonomously regulates SCPN axon fasciculation within the internal capsule and subsequent pathfinding. Further, integrated investigation ofBcl11b-null SCPN with transcriptomic, immunocytochemical, andin vivogrowth cone purification approaches identifies that Cdh13 is localized along axons and on growth cone surfaces of SCPNin vivo, and mediates Bcl11b regulation of SCPN axonal outgrowth. Together, these results demonstrate that Bcl11b controls multiple aspects of SCPN axon development by coordinating intrinsic SCPN cell autonomous subcellular mechanisms and extrinsic MSN non-cell-autonomous mechanisms.
Revealing Acute Consequences of Rapid Protein Elimination at Individual Synapses using Auxin-Inducible Degron 2 Technology
Authors: Elbaum Lilach , Yuan Weixiang , Seiler Johannes P.-H. , Blom Nadia , Chan Ya-Chien , Baig Ali Hyder , Brose Nils , Rumpel Simon , Ziv Noam E.
Published: October 2024

A powerful approach to assess a protein of interest (POI) function is its specific elimination. Common knock-out and knock-down strategies, however, are protracted and often irreversible, challenging the assessment of acute or temporary consequences in the same cells and tissues. Here we describe the use of Auxin-Inducible Degron 2 (AID2) technology to study the real-time consequences of acute POI elimination in nerve cell synapses. We demonstrate its capacity in cultured neurons andin vivoto rapidly eliminate postsynaptic scaffold proteins fused at N-terminal, C-terminal, or nested sites to GFP derivatives or HaloTag. We show that acute PSD-95 or gephyrin elimination leads to the concomitant loss of AMPA or GABAAreceptors at the same synapses, and that, surprisingly, acute GKAP, but not PSD-95 elimination reduces postsynaptic scaffold size. Our findings highlight the utility of AID2 technology for rapidly eliminating synaptic POIs and studying real-time consequences in the same neurons and synapses.
Somatic Mutations inMCOLN3in Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas cause Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: van Rooyen Desmaré , Bandulik Sascha , Coon Grace , Laukemper Miriam , Kumar-Sinha Chandan , Udager Aaron M. , Lee Chaelin , Wachtel Heather , Cohen Debbie L. , Luther James M. , Giordano Thomas , Turcu Adina , Warth Richard , Rainey William E. , Rege Juilee
Published: October 2024

Primary aldosteronism is characterized by renin-independent hyperaldosteronism that originates from aldosterone-producing lesions in the adrenal glands. Under physiological conditions, aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression is confined to the adrenal zona glomerulosa where it catalyzes the final reaction yielding aldosterone. The regulation ofCYP11B2transcription depends on the control of cellular membrane potential and cytosolic calcium activity. In primary aldosteronism, aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are characterized by disrupted regulation of CYP11B2 expression resulting in autonomous biosynthesis of aldosterone. These lesions often harbor aldosterone-driver somatic mutations in genes encoding ion transporters/channels/pumps that increase cytosolic calcium activity causing increasedCYP11B2expression and aldosterone biosynthesis. We investigated APAs devoid of known somatic mutations and detected a missense mutation and a deletion-insertion variant inMCOLN3which encodes for mucolipin-3 (TRPML3) — a highly conserved inwardly-rectifying, cation-permeable channel. TheseMCOLN3mutations were identified in three APAs derived from male patients with primary aldosteronism: p. Y391D and p.N411_V412delinsI. Both mutations are located near the ion pore and selectivity filter of TRPML3. This is the first report of disease-causingMCOLN3mutations in humans. Functional studies suggestMCOLN3Y391Dmight directly or indirectly via membrane depolarization alter calcium influx of transfected adrenocortical cells, resulting in increasedCYP11B2transcription and aldosterone production. This study implicates mutatedMCOLN3as a driver of aldosterone excess in primary aldosteronism.

Significance Statement

Primary aldosteronism is a common but under-diagnosed endocrine disease that contributes to global hypertension burden and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Hyperaldosteronism in primary aldosteronism is mainly caused by adrenal lesions harboring somatic mutations that disrupt intracellular calcium levels and consequently aldosterone synthase expression and aldosterone production. Majority of these mutations have been identified in genes encoding ion transporters/channels/pumps. Herein, we report the first disease-causing somatic mutations in humanMCOLN3in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) devoid of known mutations.In vitroinvestigations showed theMCOLN3variant (p.Y391D) caused an influx of cytosolic calcium in adrenocortical cells and the subsequent increase in aldosterone synthase and aldosterone biosynthesis.
Genetic testing forSCA27Bin Korean Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Laß Joshua , Berselli Michele , Rioux Doug , Schaake Susen , Follett Jordan , Bravo Jonathan E. , Veit Alexander D. , Ronchetti William , Reiff Sarah B. , Huentelman Matthew J. , Vuzman Dana , Bower Pamela , Park Peter J. , Khurana Vikram , Trinh Joanne , Jeon Beomseok , Kim Han-Joon , Farrer Matthew J.
Published: October 2024

FGF14(GAA)nrepeat expansions are a common cause of idiopathic late-onset ataxia (SCA27B). The cerebellar form of multiple system atrophy (MSA) has comparable clinical features, albeit faster progression. Hence, we performed an analysis ofFGF14genomic variability in a South Korean cohort of 199 patients with ‘probable’ MSA, compared with 1,048 ethnically-matched controls. All whole genome sequences (WGS) are depicted on a computational genome analysis platform, CGAP, to enable storage, visualization and analysis for partners of the International MSA Coalition. The size of theFGF14(GAA)nrepeat was also assessed by genomic PCR, and by interrogating WGS data using Expansion Hunter (EH) with an extensive catalogue of potential repeats. However, MSA samples were not significantly different to matched Korean controls, and only three MSA patients showed possible abnormalFGF14(GAA)nexpansions >300bp. Nevertheless, as PCR and EH findings were often discordant, a subset of samples with expansions was validated by long-read sequencing. Some intermediate expansions (>150 bp) were found in 6.9% (27/392) of controls compared to 13.4% (46/344) in MSA, though overall our results suggestFGF14(GAA)nrepeat expansions do not influence susceptibility to MSA in Korean patients and highlight challenges inherent in this genetic testing.
Transcriptomic profiling of unmethylated full mutation carriers implicates TET3 in FMR1 CGG repeat expansion methylation dynamics in Fragile X syndrome
Authors: Farmiloe Grace , Bejczy Veronika , Tabolacci Elisabetta , Willemsen Rob , Jacobs Frank
Published: October 2024

Background

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the expansion of a CGG repeat in the 5’UTR of the FMR1 (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1) gene. Healthy individuals possess a repeat 30-55 CGG units in length. Once the CGG repeat exceeds 200 copies it triggers methylation at the locus. This methylation covers the FMR1 promoter region and silences expression of the gene and the production of FMRP (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein). The loss of FMRP is responsible for a number of pathologies including neurodevelopmental delay and autism spectrum disorder. Methylation of the expanded repeat in the FMR1 locus is the causal factor for FXS, however it is not known why the expanded repeat triggers this epigenetic change or how exactly DNA methylation is established. Intriguingly, genetic engineering of expanded CGG repeats of over 300x in the FMR1 locus in mice remains unmethylated. Also in humans, in very rare cases, individuals can have an FMR1 CGG expansion >200x but the locus remains unmethylated. These unmethylated full mutation individuals give us a rare opportunity to investigate the mechanism of FMR1 promoter methylation.

Methods

Fibroblasts were obtained from a healthy control, an FXS patient and two unmethylated full expansion carriers. RNA was extracted and comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on all samples. Whole genome sequencing was carried out on DNA from the two UFM carriers and the results analysed to investigate DNA variants that could explain the observed differences in gene expression.

Results

Our analyses focused on genes involved in epigenetic modification. We show that Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3 (TET3), a gene involved in DNA methylation, is significantly downregulated in UFM carriers compared to healthy controls or FXS patient derived cells. Genomic analyses reveal a number of rare variants present in the TET3 locus in UFM carriers when compared to the reference genome. No single variant has a significant predicted effect, raising the possibility that a trans acting variant could be driving the differential gene expression.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that TET3 is a candidate factor responsible for the lack of methylation of the expanded FMR1 locus. Further analyses are needed to further elucidate this relationship, however given its potential to directly interact with CGG repeats and its ambiguous role in 5-hydroxy-methylation of CG containing sequences, TET3 is a strong candidate for further exploration.
Human short association fibers are thinner and less myelinated than long fibers
Authors: Ruthig Philip , Edler v.d. Planitz David , Morozova Maria , Reimann Katja , Jäger Carsten , Reinert Tilo , Mohammadi Siawoosh , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Kirilina Evgeniya , Morawski Markus
Published: October 2024

The size and complexity of the human brain requires optimally sized and myelinated fibers. White matter fibers facilitate fast communication between distant areas, but also connect adjacent cortical regions via short association fibers. The fundamental questions of i) how thick these fibers are and ii) how strongly they are myelinated, however, remain unanswered. We present a comprehensive analysis of ∼400,000 fibers of human white matter regions with long (corpus callosum) and short fibers (superficial white matter). We demonstrate a substantially smaller fiber diameter and lower myelination in superficial white matter than in the corpus callosum. Surprisingly, we do not find a difference in the ratio between axon diameter and myelin thickness (g-ratio), which is close to the theoretically optimal value of ∼0.6 in both areas. For the first time, to our knowledge, we shed light on a fundamental principle of brain organization that will be essential to understand the human brain.
A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis of COVID-19 Trends: Global and U.S. Insights through ARIMA, Regression, and Spatial Models
Authors: Lei Zhihao
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven the need for accurate data analysis and forecasting to guide public health decisions. In this study, we utilized ARIMA and ARIMAX models to predict short-term trends in confirmed COVID-19 cases across different regions, including the United States, Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Comparisons were made between ARIMA and auto.arima models, and anomaly detection was performed to investigate discrepancies between predictions and actual data. The study also explored the relationship between vaccination rates and new case numbers, and examined how socioeconomic factors such as GDP per capita, HDI, and healthcare resources influenced COVID-19 incidence rates across countries. Our findings provide insights into the effectiveness of predictive models and the significant impact of socioeconomic factors on the spread of the virus, contributing valuable information for future epidemic prevention and control strategies.
Prolonged dry seasons lengthen coccidioidomycosis transmission seasons: implications for a changing California
Authors: Camponuri Simon K. , Head Jennifer R. , Collender Philip A. , Weaver Amanda K. , Heaney Alexandra K. , Colvin Kate A. , Bhattachan Abinash , Sondermeyer-Cooksey Gail , Vugia Duc J. , Jain Seema , Remais Justin V.
Published: October 2024

Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal disease caused by soil-borneCoccidioidesspp., exhibits pronounced seasonal transmission, with incidence in California typically peaking in the fall. However, the influence of climate on the timing and duration of transmission seasons remains poorly understood. Using weekly data on reported coccidioidomycosis cases in California from 2000-2023, we developed a distributed-lag Markov state-transition model to estimate the effects of temperature and precipitation on the timing of transmission season onset and end. We found that transitions from cooler, wetter conditions to hotter, drier conditions accelerate season onset. Dry conditions (10thpercentile of precipitation) in the spring shifted season onset an average of 2.8 weeks (95% CI: 0.43-3.58) earlier compared to wet conditions (90thpercentile of precipitation). Conversely, transitions back to cooler, wetter conditions hastened season end, with dry fall conditions extending the season by an average of 0.69 weeks (95% CI: 0.37-1.41) compared to wet conditions. When dry conditions occurred in the spring and fall, the transmission season extended by 3.70 weeks (95% CI: 1.23-4.22). As California is expected to experience prolonged dry seasons with climate change, our findings suggest this shift may lengthen the time at which populations are at elevated coccidioidomycosis risk.
Genomic Landscape and Molecular Subtypes of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Li Shengjie , Li Danhui , Xia Zuguang , Wu Jianing , Ren Jun , Li Yingzhu , Cao Jiazhen , Sun Ying , Zhang Liyang , Ye Hongwei , Zhou Xingtao , Li Chengxun , Cao Wenjun , Mao Ying
Published: October 2024

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis and almost exclusively comprises diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Its genetic characteristics and molecular subtypes in Chinese patients remain poorly understood, which in turn makes developing effective new therapies challenging. In our study, 140 Chinese patients with PCNSL that was newly diagnosed at one of three tertiary care centers and who underwent extensive follow-up were included. With this sample, we performed a genomic study aimed at expanding the genomic landscape and identifying new molecular subtypes. We first confirmed that the molecular subtype categories of DLBCL, as previously published, are not applicable to PCNSLs in Chinese patients. We then identified (n = 58) and validated (n = 82) three prominent genetic subtypes related to different clinical and molecular features of PCNSL and further confirmed them in an independent external Chinese PCNSL cohort (n = 36). We called these BMIs (from the co-occurrence of mutations in two genes among BTG1, MYD88, and IRF4), which are associated with favorable outcomes; E3s (so-called EP300 mutations), which are associated with unfavorable outcomes; and UCs (unclassified, without characteristic mutations). Importantly, EP300 was mutated in more PCNSLs from Asian patients (16.88%) than from Western patients (< 5.26%), resulting in unfavorable outcomes independent of the specific mutation site. Our analysis comprehensively reveals the genomic landscape of PCNSL in Chinese patients and emphasizes the clinical value of molecular classification for improving precision medicine strategies.

Abstract Figure

Highlights

In this study, the genomic landscape of 140 Chinese patients with primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) was evaluated.

Chinese PCNSL patients have a defining genetic signature that differs from that of both PCNSL patients in other racial groups and DLBCL patients.

Three robust molecular subtypes of PCNSL related to clinical and molecular features were identified and validated.

The rate of EP300 mutation in PCNSLs was approximately three times higher among Asians than among Western patients, resulting in unfavorable outcomes independent of the specific mutation site.
A comprehensive survey of RNA modifications in a human transcriptome
Authors: Mulroney Logan , Coscujuela Tarrero Lucia , Maragno Paola , Rubolino Carmela , Maestri Simone , Furlan Mattia , Marzi Matteo Jacopo , Fitzgerald Tom , Leonardi Tommaso , Pelizzola Mattia , Birney Ewan , Nicassio Francesco
Published: October 2024

RNA modifications are critical for transcript function and regulation. Direct RNA nanopore sequencing offers a unique advantage by observing these modifications through characteristic alterations in ionic current signals. Various computational tools have been developed to detect RNA modifications, typically by comparing a sample of interest with a control lacking the target modification, often achieved through enzyme knockdown or knockout. We have developed a robustin vitrotranscription protocol to generate a modification-free copy of any input RNA to detect all modifications that alter the raw ionic current signal relative to the canonical nucleotides during nanopore sequencing. We generated anin vitrotranscribed sample from K562 cells and used Nanocompore to detect 26,619 modified RNA sites across 2,520 transcript isoforms from 1,742 genes. Of these, 56% are consistent with the well-characterized m6A modification. By inferring the identities of these modifications, we assessed differential usage and correlation patterns, revealing a significant co-occurrence between m6A and m5C modifications within the same transcripts. Additionally, some modifications were non-randomly associated with alternative splicing events. This study provides a comprehensive survey of RNA modifications across the transcriptome, demonstrating the utility ofin vitrotranscription coupled with direct RNA nanopore sequencing to simultaneously detect multiple modifications without the need for additional independent biochemical assays. The protocol is consistent in the future with more complex experimental designs, for example for differential modification usage between samples.
Oxytocin neurons signal state-dependent transitions to thermogenesis and behavioral arousal in social and non-social settings
Authors: Vandendoren Morgane , Rogers Joseph F. , Landen Jason G. , Killmer Samantha , Alimiri Baizar , Pohlman Celeste , Tattersall Glenn J. , Bedford Nicole L. , Nelson Adam C.
Published: October 2024

Mammalian thermoregulatory behaviors such as thermal comfort seeking, physical activity, nesting, and huddling operate alongside autonomic responses such as brown fat thermogenesis and peripheral vasodilation to defend core body temperature (Tb)1–4. The defended Tb is not held constant, but alternates across active/rest and behavioral cycles5–9. Although the thermoregulatory behaviors facilitating these alternations are controlled by the brain, the underlying neural populations are poorly understood. The oxytocin system has been proposed to contribute to behavioral thermoregulation10,11, yet evidence for how activity within oxytocin neurons relates to such pathways is lacking. Here, we identify neuronal dynamics underlying behavioral thermoregulation in mice. We show that the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVN) and PVN oxytocin (PVNOT) neurons are selectively activated during two thermoregulatory states: active and quiescent huddling. Next, activation and inhibition of PVNOTneurons reveals effects on Tb, peripheral vasodilation, and warm seeking, establishing a role in thermoeffector pathways. We then demonstrate thatin vivoPVNOTcalcium activity tracks the patterning of thermoregulatory behaviors. Across social contexts, PVNOTpeaks occur during low Tb (∼36.0°C) and during transitions towards physical activity and thermogenesis. In the solo context, PVNOTpeaks predict the offset of quiescence and onset of post-quiescence nesting. In the paired context, PVNOTpeaks predict the offset of quiescent huddling and onset of post-quiescent active huddling. Our study provides evidence for a role of PVNOTneurons during the offset of rest and the onset of behavioral arousal and thermogenesis and provides a foundation for understanding the coordination between thermal homeostasis and animal behavior.

Graphical Abstract
Limitations of grouping subjects based on biological sex (males versus females) and a new approach: insights from intra-nucleus accumbens core dopamine-induced psychostimulant activity
Authors: Job Martin O.
Published: October 2024

Background

In the field of substance use disorder research, sex-as-a-biological-variable (SABV) is employed to determine the mechanisms governing sex differences. Based on our recently developed MISSING (Mapping Intrinsic Sex Similarities as an Integral quality of Normalized Groups) model, we hypothesized that grouping subjects by biological sex does not represent the most effective way to group behavioral data objectively. To test our hypothesis, we conducted experiments to compare the psychostimulant effect of intra-nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine on groups based on 1) biological sex (current model) and 2) behavioral clustering (MISSING model) for effectiveness in identifying groups of subjects that a) are distinct with regards to behavioral variables, and b) confirm NAc dopamine neurochemical expression/activity topography (NEAT).

Methods

For the current model, we separated subjects (n = 37 Sprague Dawley rats, male n = 20, female n = 17) by biological sex prior to all assessments. For the MISSING model, we conducted normal mixtures clustering of baseline activity, dopamine activity (as distance traveled in cm over 60 min) and dopamine activity normalized-to-baseline activity (NBA) of all subjects to identify behavioral clusters.

Results

Separating groups by biological sex revealed groups (males and females) that were not clearly distinct with regards to behavioral variables and do not confirm NAc dopamine NEAT. Separating groups using the MISSING model revealed groups (behavioral clusters) that were clearly distinct with regards to behavior and confirm NAc dopamine NEAT.

Conclusions

Our results reveal the limitations of grouping subjects based on biological sex. We discuss a new approach.
Tangent Space Generators of Matrix Product States and Exact Floquet Quantum Scars
Authors: Ljubotina Marko , Petrova Elena , Schuch Norbert , Serbyn Maksym
Published: October 2024

The advancement of quantum simulators motivates the development of a theoretical framework to assist with efficient state preparation in quantum many-body systems. Generally, preparing a target entangled state via unitary evolution with time-dependent couplings is a challenging task and very little is known about the existence of solutions and their properties. In this work we develop a constructive approach for preparing matrix product states (MPS) via continuous unitary evolution. We provide an explicit construction of the operator that exactly implements the evolution of a given MPS along a specified direction in its tangent space. This operator can be written as a sum of local terms of finite range, yet it is in general non-Hermitian. Relying on the explicit construction of the non-Hermitian generator of the dynamics, we demonstrate the existence of a Hermitian sequence of operators that implements the desired MPS evolution with an error that decreases exponentially with the operator range. The construction is benchmarked on an explicit periodic trajectory in a translationally invariant MPS manifold. We demonstrate that the Floquet unitary generating the dynamics over one period of the trajectory features an approximate MPS-like eigenstate embedded among a sea of thermalizing eigenstates. These results show that our construction is not only useful for state preparation and control of many-body systems, but also provides a generic route towards Floquet scars—periodically driven models with quasilocal generators of dynamics that have exact MPS eigenstates in their spectrum.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Linking work meaningfulness, engagement and job crafting to career commitment
Authors: Kim Eun-Jee , Park Sunyoung
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among meaningful work, employee engagement, job crafting and career commitment.

Methods

The study primarily employed structural equation modeling to test the proposed research model and hypotheses. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from employees working at multiple companies.

Findings

The findings indicated that meaningful work affected employee engagement, job crafting and career commitment. In addition, employee engagement and job crafting mediated the relationships between meaningful work and career commitment.

Originality

This study identifies three important antecedents (meaningful work, employee engagement and job crafting) that improve employees’ level of career commitment. Based on previous findings indicating that career commitment can promote behavioral and attitudinal outcomes, this study focuses on contributors of career commitment, which ultimately may link to the positive outcomes of career commitment.
Gendered workplace as a double-loop social construct: the case of Japanese women professionals
Authors: Zhang-Zhang Yingying
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to critically examine the role of women in the Japanese workplace and discusses its implications for gender studies within the context of diversity, equity and inclusion in international business (IB). Employing a social constructivism approach, this paper moves beyond conventional economic typologies and specific cases to offer an integrative and socially embedded perspective for understanding gender dynamics in the Japanese workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

This viewpoint paper critiques existing research on Japanese women professionals, drawing on factual evidence and literature to propose a double-loop gendering framework. This framework explores the socially constructed phenomenon of women in the Japanese workplace at multiple levels, providing a holistic interpretation of gender dynamics.

Findings

We identify five macro-level environmental factors that influence female labour participation, leadership positions and entrepreneurship. These factors are mediated by career motivation, corporate culture and men’s attitudes towards gender equality. Distinguishing between first-loop gendering, which focuses on problem-solving for improved gender equality, and second-loop gendering, which examines the underlying assumptions of social norms, values and beliefs, offers insights into the challenges Japan faces in achieving female leadership and equality. Second-loop gendering may help explain the paradoxical state of Japan’s women professionals, characterized by slow progress in gender equality despite significant political and financial resources. Our analysis reveals complex, multi-level interactions and influences within this socially constructed phenomenon.

Originality/value

This viewpoint paper provides a critical analysis of gender studies in the Japanese context, offering potential avenues for IB explorations. The insights extend to future IB studies, international comparisons of gender equality and the management of gender diversity in multinational corporations (MNCs).
Adapting to climate change: lessons from Chile’s coastal communities
Authors: Parra Jessica , Jensen Magdalena
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the intricate relationship between Chile’s coastal communities and the increasing effects of climate change, with a focus on Caleta Lenga as a case study. Chile’s extensive coastline is closely linked to the country’s economic well-being and the livelihoods of millions of people. The mounting threats posed by climate change require immediate action. To strengthen resilience and reduce risk, adaptive measures are imperative. However, effective adaptation is hindered by numerous barriers, including adaptive capacity and governance challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a case study approach, which centres on Caleta Lenga’s unique socio-environmental and demographic context. This study used semi-structured interviews and historical reconstruction to reveal a socio-economic and environmental narrative that was influenced by significant events and transitions.

Findings

The residents’ perception of climate change impacts was viewed through the lens of industrial activities and changing weather patterns. This study emphasizes the community’s resilience in the face of changing socio-environmental dynamics. It highlights the importance of informed decision-making, community cooperation and the preservation of ancestral knowledge in promoting adaptive strategies based on community solidarity and collective decision-making. The findings underscore the need for effective adaptation measures that address both adaptive capacity and governance challenges to bolster climate resilience in vulnerable coastal communities.

Originality/value

The findings underscore the need for effective adaptation measures that address both adaptive capacity and governance challenges to bolster climate resilience in vulnerable coastal communities.
Investigating social streaming app dependency: a mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Tayyab Syed Muhammad Usman , Luo Xin (Robert) , Lee Frank C. , Jia Qingdan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

There is a dearth of knowledge regarding how user dependency offers valuable resources to develop the intellectual capital of social streaming apps (SSAs) companies. This study aims to integrate major conceptual components of the UandD model, identify contextualized goal-oriented SSA dependency and empirically evaluate their interrelated user-dependency relationships in the SSA context.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods approach was utilized in this study. First, user gratifications were elicited through a qualitative approach, considering the exploratory stage of the SSA phenomenon. Second, statistical methods were applied to investigate and extract the sub-dimensions of SSA dependency. At last, a research model was developed grounded on the UandD model and empirically validated using the quantitative approach.

Findings

The results validated the gratification-dependency-attitude-behavior relationships hypothesized by the UandD framework in SSA. The role of user-SSA dependency in enhancing intellectual capital in the social media industry has been highlighted in this study.

Research limitations/implications

This research not only provides an opportunity for the UandD model to realize its theoretical potential as envisioned by scholars but also contributes to the scholarship on social streaming apps and media dependency theory by conceptualizing goal-oriented dependency in SSAs.

Practical implications

The research results will guide digital media practitioners to a more nuanced understanding of the relationships between their users and modern digital media apps and thus empower the practitioners to better manage their intellectual capital based on the facilitation of their users’ dependency.

Originality/value

This work is one of the pioneers in contextualizing the UandD model in the SSA field, refining and measuring the SSA dependency and its distinct subdimensions and employing mixed-methods to offer a comprehensive understanding of how user dependency boosts intellectual capital in the SSA industry.
Enabling sustainable circular economy in Indian municipal solid waste management system: an ISM and fuzzy MICMAC approach
Authors: Pati Smeetasree , Agrawal Rajat
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Mismanagement of municipal solid waste (MSW) has led to resource depletion, ecosystem degradation and socio-economic risks, emphasizing the necessity to promote sustainable circular economy (SuCE) practices. This article identifies relevant enablers and unveils their interconnected roles in facilitating a municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system aligned with the principles of SuCE.

Design/methodology/approach

To identify pertinent enablers for MSWM systems based on SuCE principles, the study conducted a literature review and engaged experts from waste management sectors and academia to consolidate the final list of enablers. Following this, the study investigated the inter-relationships among these enablers using both Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) integrated and fuzzy Matrix Impact Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (fuzzy MICMAC) with MATLAB.

Findings

The study identified a comprehensive set of 23 enablers and categorized them into four control measures instrumental for the effective integration of SuCE principles in the context of the Indian MSWM system. Notably, the analysis highlighted that “authoritative pressure” and “policy transformation” are the highly influential enablers.

Practical implications

The study emphasizes actionable implications for stakeholders in the Indian MSWM sector. Policymakers and governmental bodies can enforce “authoritative pressure,” “policy transformation” and “budget allocation”. Meanwhile, managers can focus on “promotion of SuCE awareness”, “formalizing the informal workforce”, “infrastructure modernization”, “stakeholder engagement and alignment”, “segregation strategy”, “disruption preparedness”, and “local-based strategy”.

Originality/value

This study proposed a unique ISM diagraph and cluster of enablers to enhance the novelty of the study.
Pregnancy‐Associated Maternal Mortality Within One Year After Childbirth: Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Arshad Nadia , Skjærven Rolv , Klungsøyr Kari , Sørbye Linn Marie , Kvalvik Liv Grimstvedt , Morken Nils‐Halvdan
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to assess associations between pregnancy complications and pregnancy‐associated maternal mortality (PAM) within 1 year after childbirth.

Design

Population‐based cohort study.

Setting

Norway, 1967–2020.

Population

1 237 254 mothers with one or more singleton pregnancies registered in the Medical Birth Registry, 1967–2019 and followed in the Cause of Death Registry to 2020.

Methods

Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for maternal education, age, year of first childbirth and chronic medical conditions.

Main Outcome Measures

PAM by lifetime history of pregnancy complications: placental abruption, preeclampsia, preterm birth, perinatal death, small for gestational age (< 2.5 percentile), gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension.

Results

Crude OR for PAM was 4.24 (95% CI 3.53–5.10), if complications occurred in the last pregnancy, whereas 2.52 (2.08–3.06) if complications occurred in the first pregnancy, compared to mothers without complications in any pregnancy. Adjusted ORs for PAM when complications occurred in the last pregnancy were, for placental abruption 3.75 (1.20–11.72), preeclampsia: 4.42 (3.17–6.15), preterm birth: 4.32 (3.25–5.75), perinatal death: 24.18 (16.66–35.08), small for gestational age: 2.90 (1.85–4.54), gestational diabetes: 1.43 (0.63–3.25) and pregnancy hypertension: 2.05 (1.12–3.74) compared to mothers without complications. The OR for PAM increased slightly by increasing the number of complicated pregnancies but the trend was stronger for increasing number of complications in the last pregnancy (e.g., during 1999–2019: one complication; 4.14 [2.79–6.13], two complications; 11.50 [6.81–19.43]).

Conclusion

Complications in the last pregnancy were more strongly associated with PAM than those in the first pregnancy.
Olokizumab effect on chronic pain in rheumatoid arthritis: Results of the PROLOGUE observational study
Authors: Karateev А. Е. , Polishchuk Е. Y. , Filatova Е. S. , Amirdzhanova V. N. , Khlaboshina V. N. , Lila А. М. , Baranov A. A. , Lapkina N. A. , Togizbayev G. A.
Published: October 2024

Aim

Evaluate the efficacy and safety ® (olokizumab) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in real‐world clinical practice, with a targeted assessment of patient report outcomes (PRO) and central sensitization.

Methods

An open‐label observational non‐interventional study was conducted, enrolling 183 patients with moderate and severe RA activity. All patients received OKZ 64 mg SC as injections every 4 weeks (Q4W) with methotrexate. The patients' follow‐up period was 24 weeks or less. RA activity (DAS28‐CRP), pain severity (NRS), patient global assessment (PGA, NRS), functional impairment (NRS), fatigue (FACIT‐F), central sensitization (central sensitization inventory, CSI), and symptoms of neuropathic pain (PainDETECT) were evaluated.

Results

The study cohort was comprised of 144 patients. And 39 patients were lost to follow‐up, refused OKZ treatment, or were not dosed with OKZ for administrative reasons. In 6 months, DAS28‐CRP decreased to 3.3 ± 0.9 (p < .001) and statistically significant reductions in pain intensity, PGA, functional impairment, and fatigue were achieved. Pain intensity decreased as early as 2 days after the first OKZ administration (p < .05). The number of patients with CSI >40 in 24 weeks decreased from 71.0% to 21.0% (p < .001), with PainDETECT >18 – from 21.5% to 13.2%. NSAIDs use decreased from 70.8% to 33.8% (р < .001), steroids – from 54.2% to 32.6%. AEs were reported in 14.2% patients, serious events were observed in three patients.

Conclusion

OKZ is effective in reducing RA activity and controlling chronic pain related to dysfunction of the nociceptive system.
Cellular senescence contributes to spontaneous repair of the rat meniscus
Authors: Aimono Yusuke , Endo Kentaro , Sekiya Ichiro
Published: October 2024

Cellular senescence, traditionally associated with aging and chronic diseases, has recently been identified as a potential facilitator of tissue regeneration via a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In rodents, the meniscus is known to regenerate spontaneously from the surrounding synovium, but the mechanism, and especially its relationship to cellular senescence, remains unclear. This study investigated the contribution of cellular senescence to spontaneous repair of the rat meniscus. We created a rat partial medial meniscectomy (pMx) model to evaluate time‐course changes in regenerative tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed marked increases in p16 expression and senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) activity in the regenerating tissue at the early phase after pMx surgery. RNA sequencing of regenerating tissues identified the upregulation of genes related to aging, extracellular matrix organization, and cell proliferation. Fluorescence staining identified high expression of SOX9, a master regulator of cartilage/meniscus development, adjacent to p16‐positive cells. In vitro investigations of the effect of SASP factors on synovial fibroblasts (SFs) demonstrated that conditioned medium from senescent SFs stimulated the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of normal SFs. In vivo histological evaluation to determine whether selective elimination of senescent cells with a senolytic drug (ABT‐263) retarded spontaneous repair of meniscus in vivo confirmed that ABT‐263 decreased the meniscus score and expression of SOX9, aggrecan, and type 1 collagen. Our findings indicate that transient senescent cell accumulation and SASP in regenerating tissues beneficially contribute to spontaneous repair of the rat meniscus. Further research into the molecular mechanism will provide a novel strategy for meniscus regeneration based on cellular senescence.
Scoping Review of Microbiota Dysbiosis and Risk of Preeclampsia
Authors: Jordan Madeleine M. , Amabebe Emmanuel , Khanipov Kamil , Taylor Brandie DePaoli
Published: October 2024

Limited studies have investigated the role of the microbiota in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), particularly preeclampsia, which often results in preterm birth. We evaluated 23 studies that explored the relationship between gut, vaginal, oral, or placental microbiotas and HDP. Scopus, ProQuest Health Research Premium Collection, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database, EBSCO, and Ovid were searched for relevant literature. Majority (18) of studies focused on the gut microbiota, and far fewer examined the oral cavity (3), vagina (3), and placenta (1). One study examined the gut, oral, and vaginal microbiotas. The consensus highlights a potential role for microbiota dysbiosis in preeclampsia and HDP. Especially in the third trimester, preeclampsia is associated with gut dysbiosis—deficient in beneficial species of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Coprococcus but enriched with pathogenic Campylobacterota and Candidatus Saccharibacteria, with low community α‐diversity. Similarly, the preeclamptic vaginal and oral microbiotas are enriched with bacterial vaginosis and periodontal disease‐associated species, respectively. The trend is also observed in the placenta, which is colonized by gastrointestinal, respiratory tract, and periodontitis‐related pathogens. Consequently, a chronic proinflammatory state that adversely impacts placentation is implicated. These observations however require more mechanistic studies to establish the timing of the preceding immune dysfunction and any causality.
Intra‐operative neuromonitoring in paediatric spinal deformity surgery: a retrospective single‐centre experience
Authors: Ma Norine , Saunders Ann , Moylan Laura , Johnson Michael B. , Ryan Monique , Yiu Eppie , Liew Susan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Intra‐operative neuromonitoring including somatosensory evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials, and electromyography, have replaced the Stagnara wake‐up test to allow early detection of neurological change during paediatric spinal deformity surgery. It is important for surgeons to recognize alerts triggered by loss of these potentials and act accordingly to prevent iatrogenic neurological damage intra‐operatively. This study was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of neuromonitoring alerts in paediatric spinal deformity correction surgery.

Methods

A retrospective single‐centre study of all patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery at a tertiary paediatric centre between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2020 (inclusive) was conducted. Neuromonitoring alerts were identified through neurophysiology documentation, and these were correlated with neurological deficits documented in the patient record post‐operatively.

Results

A total of 399 operations were included in the study, with 147 (35.7%) of these having a motor, or motor and sensory alert triggered. Fifteen (10.2% of alerts) of these patients had a post‐operative neurological deficit, compared to seven (2.8% of no alerts) of those that had no neuromonitoring alert. The sensitivity for post‐operative neurological deficits not resolving within 3 days was 100%, and the specificity was 65.5%.

Conclusion

Intra‐operative neuromonitoring is highly sensitive to post‐operative neurological deficits lasting longer than 3 days. However, there is still scope for optimization of specificity, with many false positives identified.