bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Warum fragen wir nicht direkt nach?
Authors: Nesterko Yuriy , Glaesmer Heide
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. Sowohl in der amtlichen Statistik als auch in der deutschsprachigen Migrationsforschung hat sich zur Erfassung möglicher Migrationseinflüsse der Begriff ‚Person mit Migrationshintergrundʻ etabliert. Dabei handelt es sich um eine kriterienorientierte Definition, die einer Ableitung und Zusammenführung von Angaben zur Staatsangehörigkeit, Geburtsland und Einbürgerung sowohl der betreffenden Personen als auch ihrer Eltern bedarf. Neben der Bestimmung des Migrationshintergrundes anhand amtlicher Statistik (Mikrozensus-Definition) wurde im Rahmen einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Befragung ( N = 2401) nach einer Selbstzuschreibung und der antizipierten Fremdzuschreibung des eigenen Migrationshintergrundes gefragt. Insgesamt 10.7 % der Befragten ( N = 285) wiesen einen Migrationshintergrund (Erfassung laut Mikrozensus) auf. Etwa zwei Drittel (65.6 %) der Stichprobe mit Migrationshintergrund im Sinne des Mikrozensus’ gab an, sich nicht als Migrant_in bzw. Person mit Migrationshintergrund zu sehen. Etwas mehr als die Hälfte (55.5 %) der Befragten mit Migrationshintergrund geht davon aus, dass sie von anderen nicht als Migrant_in bzw. Person mit Migrationshintergrund bezeichnet wird. Im Ergebnis der durchgeführten Befragung wurde ein klarer Unterschied zwischen einer subjektiven Perspektive auf den eigenen Migrationshintergrund und der Mikrozensus-Definition festgestellt. Es ist daher wichtig und empfehlenswert in dieser Hinsicht stärker zu differenzieren, insbesondere in Forschungsfragen, die auf eine subjektive Perspektive des Einzelnen abzielen.
A PCA‐Based Framework for Determining Remotely Sensed Geological Surface Orientations and Their Statistical Quality
Authors: Quinn D. P. , Ehlmann B. L.
Published: April 2019

The orientations of planar rock layers are fundamental to our understanding of structural geology and stratigraphy. Remote sensing platforms including satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles, and Light Detection and Ranging scanners are increasingly used to build three‐dimensional models of structural features on Earth and other planets. Remotely gathered orientation measurements are straightforward to calculate but subject to uncertainty inherited from input data, differences in viewing geometry, and the plane‐fitting process, complicating geological interpretation. Here, we improve upon the present state of the art by developing a generalized means for computing and reporting errors in strike‐dip measurements from remotely sensed data. We outline a general framework for representing the error space of uncertain orientations in Cartesian and spherical coordinates and develop a principal component analysis (PCA) regression method, which captures statistical errors independent of viewing geometry and input data structure. We also introduce graphical techniques to visualize the uniqueness and quality of orientation measurements and a process to increase statistical power by jointly fitting bedding planes under the assumption of parallel stratigraphy. These new techniques are validated by comparison of field‐gathered orientation measurements with those derived from minimally processed satellite imagery of the San Rafael Swell, Utah, and unmanned aerial vehicle imagery from the Naukluft Mountains, Namibia. We provide software packages supporting planar fitting and visualization of error distributions. This method increases the precision and comparability of structural measurements gathered using a new generation of remote sensing techniques.
The International Community Coordinated Modeling Center Space Weather Modeling Capabilities Assessment: Overview of Ionosphere/Thermosphere Activities
Authors: Scherliess L. , Tsagouri I. , Yizengaw E. , Bruinsma S. , Shim J. S. , Coster A. , Retterer J. M.
Published: April 2019

The Earth's ionosphere/thermosphere (I/T) system exhibits complicated weather variability that can have adverse effects on human operations and systems, and consequently, there is a need for both accurate and reliable specifications and forecasts for this region. As part of the international effort to evaluate and assess the predictive capabilities of space weather models, four working groups for the I/T system have been created with the goal to devise a concerted model validation effort for the I/T environment. This paper presents an overview of the team efforts and reports on the progress made. As a first step, the working teams have selected to limit the validation efforts to critical I/T parameters that include total electron content, the peak density and height of the ionospheric F region, ionospheric scintillations, and thermospheric neutral densities. As part of this effort, initial lists of participating models and events have been constructed and validation data sets have been identified. In the future appropriate metrics will be selected for the various user and scientific needs.
Probing Wildfire Smoke Plumes Up Close
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: April 2019

Direct observations from flights over coastal California reveal more about aerosol plumes released by burning biomass.
For Some Copper Deposits, Microbes Make Minable Minerals
Authors: Gavin Hannah
Published: April 2019

Copper ores were long thought to form through purely chemical processes, but a recent study provides the strongest evidence yet that microbial metabolism drives mineral production.
Orographic Primary and Secondary Gravity Waves in the Middle Atmosphere From 16‐Year SABER Observations
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Vadas Sharon L. , Becker Erich
Published: April 2019

The seasonal and height dependencies of the orographic primary and larger‐scale secondary gravity waves (GWs) have been studied using the temperature profiles measured by Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) from 2002 to 2017. At ~40°S and during Southern Hemisphere winter, there is a strong GW peak over the Andes mountains that extend to z ~ 55 km. Using wind and topographic data, we show that orographic GWs break above the peak height of the stratospheric jet. At z ~ 55–65 km, GW breaking and momentum deposition create body forces that generate larger‐scale secondary GWs; we show that these latter GWs form a wide peak above 65 km with a westward tilt. At middle latitudes during summer in the respective hemisphere, orographic GW breaking also generates larger‐scale secondary GWs that propagate to higher altitudes. Both orographic primary and larger‐scale secondary GWs are likely responsible for most of the non‐equatorial peaks of the persistent global distribution of GWs in SABER.
Anthropogenic Aerosols Cause Recent Pronounced Weakening of Asian Summer Monsoon Relative to Last Four Centuries
Authors: Liu Yu , Cai Wenju , Sun Changfeng , Song Huiming , Cobb Kim M. , Li Jianping , Leavitt Steven W. , Wu Lixin , Cai Qiufang , Liu Ruoshi , Ng Benjamin , Cherubini Paolo , Büntgen Ulf , Song Yi , Wang Guojian , Lei Ying , Yan Libin , Li Qiang , Ma Yongyong , Fang Congxi , Sun Junyan , Li Xuxiang , Chen Deliang , Linderholm Hans W.
Published: April 2019

The Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) affects ecosystems, biodiversity, and food security of billions of people. In recent decades, ASM strength (as represented by precipitation) has been decreasing, but instrumental measurements span only a short period of time. The initiation and the dynamics of the recent trend are unclear. Here for the first time, we use an ensemble of 10 tree ring‐width chronologies from the west‐central margin of ASM to reconstruct detail of ASM variability back to 1566 CE. The reconstruction captures weak/strong ASM events and also reflects major locust plagues. Notably, we found an unprecedented 80‐year trend of decreasing ASM strength within the context of the 448‐year reconstruction, which is contrary to what is expected from greenhouse warming. Our coupled climate model shows that increasing anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions over the Northern Hemisphere could be the dominant factor contributing to the ASM decrease.
Immunity and mental illness: findings from a Danish population-based immunogenetic study of seven psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Nudel Ron , Benros Michael E. , Krebs Morten Dybdahl , Allesøe Rosa Lundbye , Lemvigh Camilla Koldbæk , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Børglum Anders D. , Daly Mark J. , Nordentoft Merete , Mors Ole , Hougaard David M. , Mortensen Preben Bo , Buil Alfonso , Werge Thomas , Rasmussen Simon , Thompson Wesley K.
Published: April 2019

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes encode proteins with important roles in the regulation of the immune system. Many studies have also implicated HLA genes in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, these studies usually focus on one disorder and/or on one HLA candidate gene, often with small samples. Here, we access a large dataset of 65,534 genotyped individuals consisting of controls (N = 19,645) and cases having one or more of autism spectrum disorder (N = 12,331), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (N = 14,397), schizophrenia (N = 2401), bipolar disorder (N = 1391), depression (N = 18,511), anorexia (N = 2551) or intellectual disability (N = 3175). We imputed participants’ HLA alleles to investigate the involvement of HLA genes in these disorders using regression models. We found a pronounced protective effect of DPB1*1501 on susceptibility to autism (p = 0.0094, OR = 0.72) and intellectual disability (p = 0.00099, OR = 0.41), with an increased protective effect on a comorbid diagnosis of both disorders (p = 0.003, OR = 0.29). We also identified a risk allele for intellectual disability, B*5701 (p = 0.00016, OR = 1.33). Associations with both alleles survived FDR correction and a permutation procedure. We did not find significant evidence for replication of previously-reported associations for autism or schizophrenia. Our results support an implication of HLA genes in autism and intellectual disability, which requires replication by other studies. Our study also highlights the importance of large sample sizes in HLA association studies.
The CFTR gene variants in Japanese children with idiopathic pancreatitis
Authors: Iso Manami , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Yanagi Kumiko , Minowa Kei , Sakurai Yumiko , Nakano Satoshi , Satou Kazuhito , Shimizu Toshiaki , Kaname Tadashi
Published: April 2019

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has been reported as one of the pancreatitis susceptibility genes. Although many variants of CFTR have been reported in Caucasian patients, there are few data in Japanese patients. We aimed to survey CFTR variants in Japanese children with idiopathic pancreatitis. Twenty-eight Japanese paediatric patients with idiopathic pancreatitis were enroled, who were not previously diagnosed by genetic analysis of PRSS1 and SPINK1. The entire CFTR gene was sequenced in the patients by combining LA-PCR and next-generation sequencing analysis. To determine a splice-affecting variant, CFTR expression was investigated in the nasal epithelial cells by RT-PCR. One (3.6%) and 15 (53.6%) of 28 patients had pathogenic and functionally affected variants in the CFTR gene, respectively. Two variants, p.Arg352Gln and p.Arg1453Trp, were found more frequently in the patients compared with one in Japanese healthy controls (p = 0.0078 and 0.044, respectively). We confirmed skipping of exon 10 in the nasal epithelial cells in one patient having a splice-affecting variant (c.1210-12 T(5)) in intron 9. Functionally affected variants of the CFTR gene are not so rare in Japanese paediatric patients with idiopathic pancreatitis. Surveying CFTR gene variants in a Japanese sample could help identify pancreatitis risk in these children.
Impaired cellular energy metabolism in cord blood macrophages contributes to abortive response toward inflammatory threats
Authors: Dreschers Stephan , Ohl Kim , Lehrke Michael , Möllmann Julia , Denecke Bernd , Costa Ivan , Vogl Thomas , Viemann Dorothee , Roth Johannes , Orlikowsky Thorsten , Tenbrock Klaus
Published: April 2019

Neonatal sepsis is characterized by hyperinflammation causing enhanced morbidity and mortality compared to adults. This suggests differences in the response towards invading threats. Here we investigate activated cord blood macrophages (CBMΦ) in comparison to adult macrophages (PBMΦ), indicating incomplete interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10)-induced activation of CBMΦ. CBMΦ show reduced expression of phagocytosis receptors and cytokine expression in addition to altered energy metabolism. In particular, IFN-γ as well as IL-10-activated CBMΦ completely fail to increase glycolysis and furthermore show reduced activation of the mTOR pathway, which is important for survival in sepsis. MTOR inhibition by rapamycin equalizes cytokine production in CBMΦ and PBMΦ. Finally, incubation of PBMΦ with cord blood serum or S100A8/A9, which is highly expressed in neonates, suppresses mTOR activation, prevents glycolysis and the expression of an PBMΦ phenotype. Thus, a metabolic alteration is apparent in CBMΦ, which might be dependent on S100A8/A9 expression.
Quantifying dissipation using fluctuating currents
Authors: Li Junang , Horowitz Jordan M. , Gingrich Todd R. , Fakhri Nikta
Published: April 2019

Systems coupled to multiple thermodynamic reservoirs can exhibit nonequilibrium dynamics, breaking detailed balance to generate currents. To power these currents, the entropy of the reservoirs increases. The rate of entropy production, or dissipation, is a measure of the statistical irreversibility of the nonequilibrium process. By measuring this irreversibility in several biological systems, recent experiments have detected that particular systems are not in equilibrium. Here we discuss three strategies to replace binary classification (equilibrium versus nonequilibrium) with a quantification of the entropy production rate. To illustrate, we generate time-series data for the evolution of an analytically tractable bead-spring model. Probability currents can be inferred and utilized to indirectly quantify the entropy production rate, but this approach requires prohibitive amounts of data in high-dimensional systems. This curse of dimensionality can be partially mitigated by using the thermodynamic uncertainty relation to bound the entropy production rate using statistical fluctuations in the probability currents.
A pupil size, eye-tracking and neuropsychological dataset from ADHD children during a cognitive task
Authors: Rojas-Líbano Daniel , Wainstein Gabriel , Carrasco Ximena , Aboitiz Francisco , Crossley Nicolás , Ossandón Tomás
Published: April 2019

Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed based on observed behavioral outcomes alone. Given that some brain attentional networks involve circuits that control the eye pupil, we monitored pupil size in ADHD- diagnosed children and also in control children during a visuospatial working memory task. We present here the full dataset, consisting of pupil size time series for each trial and subject. There are data from, 22 control, and 28 ADHD-diagnosed children. There are also data from a subset of 17 ADHD children that performed the task twice, on- and off-medication. In addition, our dataset also includes gaze position data from each trial and subject, and also scores from the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children. In this context, the dataset can serve as a resource to analyze dynamic eye movement and pupil changes as a function of known behavioral changes and scores in neuropsychological tests, which reflect neurocognitive processing.
A Comprehensive Biophysical Analysis of the Effect of DNA Binding Drugs on Protamine-induced DNA Condensation
Authors: Gupta Sakshi , Tiwari Neha , Munde Manoj
Published: April 2019

DNA condensation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biology, yet the physical basis for it has remained elusive. Here, we have explored the mechanism of DNA condensation through the protamine-DNA interaction, and by examining on it the influence of DNA binding drugs. We observed that the DNA condensation is accompanied by B to Ψ-DNA transition as a result of DNA base pair distortions due to protamine binding, bringing about the formation of toroidal structure through coil-globule transition. The binding energetics suggested that electrostatic energy, bending energy and hydration energy must play crucial roles in DNA condensation. EtBr intercalation interferes with the protamine-DNA interaction, challenging the distortion of the DNA helix and separation of DNA base pairs by protamine. Thus, EtBr, by competing directly with protamine, resists the phenomenon of DNA condensation. On the contrary, netropsin impedes the DNA condensation by an allosteric mechanism, by resisting the probable DNA major groove bending by protamine. In summary, we demonstrate that drugs with distinct binding modes use different mechanism to interfere with DNA condensation.
Self-preservation and Stability of Methane Hydrates in the Presence of NaCl
Authors: Prasad Pinnelli S. R. , Kiran Burla Sai
Published: April 2019

Gas hydrate, a solid transformed from an ensemble of water and gaseous molecules under suitable thermodynamic conditions, is present in marine and permafrost strata. The ability of methane hydrates to exist outside of its standard stability zone is vital in many aspects, such as its utility in gas storage and transportation, hydrate-related climate changes and gas reservoirs on the planet. A systematic study on the stability of methane hydrates divulges that the gas uptake decreased by about 10% by increasing the NaCl content to 5.0 wt%. The hydrate formation kinetic is relatively slower in a system with higher NaCl. The self-preservation temperature window for hydrate systems with NaCl 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 wt% dramatically shifted to a lower temperature (252 K), while it remained around 270 K for NaCl 0.0 and 0.5 wt%. Based on powder x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopic studies, the presence of hydrohalite (NaCl·2H2O) phase was identified along with the usual hydrate and ice phases. The eutectic melting of this mixture is responsible for shifting the hydrate stability to 252 K. A systematic lattice expansion of cubic phase infers the interaction between NaCl and water molecules of hydrate cages.
Functional conservation of EXA1 among diverse plant species for the infection by a family of plant viruses
Authors: Yusa Akira , Neriya Yutaro , Hashimoto Masayoshi , Yoshida Tetsuya , Fujimoto Yuji , Hosoe Naoi , Keima Takuya , Tokumaru Kai , Maejima Kensaku , Netsu Osamu , Yamaji Yasuyuki , Namba Shigetou
Published: April 2019

Since the propagation of plant viruses depends on various host susceptibility factors, deficiency in them can prevent viral infection in cultivated and model plants. Recently, we identified the susceptibility factor Essential for poteXvirus Accumulation 1 (EXA1) in Arabidopsis thaliana, and revealed that EXA1-mediated resistance was effective against three potexviruses. Although EXA1 homolog genes are found in tomato and rice, little is known about which viruses depend on EXA1 for their infection capability and whether the function of EXA1 homologs in viral infection is conserved across multiple plant species, including crops. To address these questions, we generated knockdown mutants using virus-induced gene silencing in two Solanaceae species, Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. In N. benthamiana, silencing of an EXA1 homolog significantly compromised the accumulation of potexviruses and a lolavirus, a close relative of potexviruses, whereas transient expression of EXA1 homologs from tomato and rice complemented viral infection. EXA1 dependency for potexviral infection was also conserved in tomato. These results indicate that EXA1 is necessary for effective accumulation of potexviruses and a lolavirus, and that the function of EXA1 in viral infection is conserved among diverse plant species.
A series of [2 × 2] square grid LnIII4 clusters: a large magnetocaloric effect and single-molecule-magnet behavior
Authors: Wang Wen-Min , Li Xian-Zhen , Zhang Li , Chen Jia-Li , Wang Jun-Hua , Wu Zhi-Lei , Cui Jian-Zhong
Published: April 2019

Four new [2 × 2] square grid LnIII4 clusters were successfully synthesized by employing a multidentate chelating Schiff base ligand. Magnetic studies showed that cluster 1 displays a larger magnetocaloric effect (−ΔSm = 34.46 J kg−1 K−1 for ΔH = 7.0 T at 2.0 K), while 3 exhibits slow relaxation behavior under a zero dc field, with ΔE/kB of 42.76 K and τ0 of 1.02 × 10−6 s.
Coating a DNA self-assembled monolayer with a metal organic framework-based exoskeleton for improved sensing performance
Authors: Ma Jiehua , Chai Wenxin , Lu Jianyang , Tian Tian , Wu Shuai , Yang Yucai , Yang Jie , Li Chao , Li Genxi
Published: April 2019

The relatively poor stability of DNA self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) greatly limits their use in real applications. A new strategy is reported to protect the DNA SAMs by using a metal organic framework (MOF)-based exoskeleton.
Solvent-free sonochemistry as a route to pharmaceutical co-crystals
Authors: Roy David , James Stuart L. , Crawford Deborah E.
Published: April 2019

Using solvent-free sonochemistry to prepare pharmaceutically relevant co-crystals.
Optimizing electron transfer from CdSe QDs to hydrogenase for photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Sanchez Monica L. K. , Wu Chang-Hao , Adams Michael W. W. , Dyer R. Brian
Published: April 2019

A series of viologen related redox mediators of varying reduction potential has been characterized and their utility as electron shuttles between CdSe quantum dots and hydrogenase enzyme has been demonstrated.
Hydrogen atom abstraction by synthetic heme ferric superoxide and hydroperoxide species
Authors: Singha Asmita , Dey Abhishek
Published: April 2019

To date, artificial dioxygen adducts of heme have not been demonstrated to be able to oxidize organic substrates in sharp contrast to their non-heme analogues and naturally occurring enzymes like heme dioxygenases.
Design and photoisomerization dynamics of a new family of synthetic 2-stroke light driven molecular rotary motors
Authors: Filatov Michael , Paolino Marco , Min Seung Kyu , Choi Cheol Ho
Published: April 2019

Synthetic 2-stroke light driven molecular rotary motors with ultrafast function and high quantum efficiency.
Crystal melting and glass formation in copper thiocyanate based coordination polymers
Authors: Nagarkar Sanjog S. , Kurasho Haruna , Duong Nghia Tuan , Nishiyama Yusuke , Kitagawa Susumu , Horike Satoshi
Published: April 2019

The melting point of Cu+ coordination polymer crystals is controlled by ligands, and the reversible crystal-to-glass state is observed.
Synthesis of an efficient far-red/near-infrared luminogen with AIE characteristics for in vivo bioimaging applications
Authors: Qin Wei , Alifu Nuernisha , Cai Yuanjing , Lam Jacky W. Y. , He Xuewen , Su Huifang , Zhang Pengfei , Qian Jun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2019

A selenium-containing FR/NIR luminogen with AIE characteristics is reported as an efficient fluorescent probe for in vivo bioimaging applications.
Ruthenium-catalyzed ortho-selective CAr–H amination of heteroaryl arenes with di-tert-butyldiaziridinone
Authors: Gou Xue-Ya , Li Yuke , Wang Xin-Gang , Liu Hong-Chao , Zhang Bo-Sheng , Zhao Jia-Hui , Zhou Zhao-Zhao , Liang Yong-Min
Published: April 2019

Application of an oxidative amination reagent (di-tert-butyldiaziridinone) to the Ru3(CO)12-catalyzed ortho-selective CAr–H amination reaction is described.
Anti-inflammatory marine cyclic peptide stylissatin A and its derivatives inhibit differentiation of murine preadipocytes
Authors: Zhang Menghua , Sunaba Taiki , Sun Yiting , Sasaki Kazunori , Isoda Hiroko , Kigoshi Hideo , Kita Masaki
Published: April 2019

Stylissatin A, an anti-inflammatory cyclic heptapeptide, and its derivatives inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes and the triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes.
Rate enhancement by Cu in NixCu1−x/ZrO2 bimetallic catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of stearic acid
Authors: Denk Christoph , Foraita Sebastian , Kovarik Libor , Stoerzinger Kelsey , Liu Yue , Baráth Eszter , Lercher Johannes A.
Published: April 2019

The combination of Cu and Ni in bimetallic catalysts on ZrO2, leads to a more efficient HDO of stearic acid.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene over the CoFe2O4–MCM-41 catalyst: preferential adsorption on the O2−Fe3+O2− sites located at octahedral positions
Authors: da Costa Borges Soares Moisés , Barbosa Felipe Fernandes , Torres Marco Antonio Morales , Valentini Antoninho , dos Reis Albuquerque Anderson , Sambrano Julio Ricardo , Pergher Sibele B. C. , Essayem Nadine , Braga Tiago Pinheiro
Published: April 2019

The present study describes the catalytic performance of cobalt ferrite supported on MCM-41 for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene.
Three Dy(iii) single-ion magnets bearing the tropolone ligand: structure, magnetic properties and theoretical elucidation
Authors: Chen Zilu , Yu Shui , Wang Rongdong , Li Bo , Yin Bing , Liu Dongcheng , Liang Yuning , Yao Di , Liang Fupei
Published: April 2019

Three Dy(iii) SIMs bearing the tropolone ligand are reported here with the tuning effect on their performances by ancillary ligands revealedviaexperimental magnetic investigations and theoretical calculations.
Coordination design of cadmium ions at the 4-fold axis channel of the apo-ferritin cage
Authors: Abe Satoshi , Ito Nozomi , Maity Basudev , Lu Chenlin , Lu Diannan , Ueno Takafumi
Published: April 2019

Construction and X-ray structure analysis of Cd(ii) binding sites at the 4-fold symmetric hydrophobic channel of apo-ferritin by introduction of Cys residues.
Correction: Amido Ca(ii) complexes supported by Schiff base ligands for catalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling of amines with silanes
Authors: Forosenko Natalia V. , Basalov Ivan V. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Shubina Elena S. , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: April 2019

Correction for ‘Amido Ca(ii) complexes supported by Schiff base ligands for catalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling of amines with silanes’ by Natalia V. Forosenko et al., Dalton Trans., 2018, 47, 12570–12581.
Fenton-based treatment of electroless copper plating waste for organics mineralization and CuO recovery
Authors: Navarro Ronald R. , Ichikawa Hiroyasu , Tatsumi Kenji
Published: April 2019

Hydrogen peroxide addition to an electroless Cu plating waste solution initiates an exothermic Fenton-like reaction that mineralizes chelating organics for the easy removal and recovery of the metal as a valuable CuO mineral during alkalinization.
Harnessing the reactivity of poly(methylhydrosiloxane) for the reduction and cyclization of biomass to high-value products
Authors: Hein Nicholas M. , Seo Youngran , Lee Stephen J. , Gagné Michel R.
Published: April 2019

Poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) has been examined for its ability to reduce and subsequently cyclize carbohydrate substrates using catalytic tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF).
Aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) of tripodal pyrazole derivatives for sensing of nitroaromatics and vapor phase detection of picric acid
Authors: Kandel Shambhu , Sathish Veerasamy , Mathivathanan Logesh , Morozov Alexander N. , Mebel Alexander M. , Raptis Raphael G.
Published: April 2019

Organosoluble tris-pyrazole compounds aggregate in organic/aqueous solvent mixtures, showing aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE), the latter being quenched by picric acid.
Bivariate molecular structure distribution of randomly branched polyethylene by orthogonal preparative fractionation
Authors: Eselem Bungu Paul S. , Pasch Harald
Published: April 2019

Orthogonal preparative fractionations provide bivariate molecular structure distributions of randomly branched polyethylene.
Direct on-surface synthesis of gold–phthalocyanine via cyclization of cyano-groups with gold adatoms
Authors: Wang Zhongping , Liu Xiaoqing , Lu Yan , Wang Zegao , Bortolini Christian , Chen Menglin , Wei Sheng , Li Wei , Zhu Junfa , Ju Huanxin , Rosei Federico , Dong Mingdong , Wang Li
Published: April 2019

Au–(dibenzo[fg,op]tetracene) porphyrazine has been synthesized on an Au(111) surface by using the precursor of dibenzo[fg,op]tetracene-5,6,12,13-tetracarbonitrile via cyclization of cyanogroups with Au adatoms.
Correction: Highly-efficient semi-transparent organic solar cells utilising non-fullerene acceptors with optimised multilayer MoO3/Ag/MoO3 electrodes
Authors: Sun Guangjun , Shahid Munazza , Fei Zhuping , Xu Shenda , Eisner Flurin D. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , McLachlan Martyn A. , Heeney Martin
Published: April 2019

Correction for ‘Highly-efficient semi-transparent organic solar cells utilising non-fullerene acceptors with optimised multilayer MoO3/Ag/MoO3 electrodes’ by Guangjun Sun et al., Mater. Chem. Front., 2019, 3, 450–455.
A joint molecular networking study of a Smenospongia sponge and a cyanobacterial bloom revealed new antiproliferative chlorinated polyketides
Authors: Teta Roberta , Della Sala Gerardo , Esposito Germana , Via Christopher W. , Mazzoccoli Carmela , Piccoli Claudia , Bertin Matthew J. , Costantino Valeria , Mangoni Alfonso
Published: April 2019

Feature based molecular networking was used to compare chlorinated metabolites of S. aurea and Trichodesmium sp. and revealed four new antiproliferative polyketides.
[Ag(bpy)(PPhtBu2)(OCF3)]: a stable nucleophilic reagent for chemoselective and stereospecific trifluoromethoxylation of secondary alkyl nosylates
Authors: Chen Daoqian , Lu Long , Shen Qilong
Published: April 2019

The development of a thermally stable and light-insensitive nucleophilic trifluoromethoxylative reagent [Ag(bpy)(PPhtBu2)(OCF3)] 2, which was synthesized in high yields via a three-step one-pot process from easily available trifluoromethyl triflate (TFMT) and AgF at room temperature, is described.
Stereospecific acyloin ring contraction controlled by glucose and concise total synthesis of saffloneoside
Authors: Gao Wan , Jiang Jian-Shuang , Chen Zhong , Yang Ya-Nan , Feng Zi-Ming , Zhang Xu , Yuan Xiang , Zhang Pei-Cheng
Published: April 2019

Saffloneoside (1), a structurally unusual p-hydroxycinnamylcyclopentenone C-glucoside obtained from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius, was synthesized on a gram scale in seven steps.
A novel highly crystalline Fe4(Fe(CN)6)3concave cube anode material for Li-ion batteries with high capacity and long life
Authors: He Xiaowei , Tian Lidong , Qiao Mingtao , Zhang Jianzheng , Geng Wangchang , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: April 2019

Hierarchically structured and ammonium-rich Prussian blue analogue materials are prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method, and show excellent lithium storage performance.
An A2–π–A1–π–A2-type small molecule donor for high-performance organic solar cells
Authors: Zhang Qian , Sun Yanna , Chen Xianjie , Lin Zhijing , Ke Xin , Wang Xiaoyuan , He Tian , Yin Shouchun , Chen Yongsheng , Qiu Huayu
Published: April 2019

A new A2–π–A1–π–A2-type small-molecule donor using a strong electron-withdrawing unit as the central unit was synthesized and its photovoltaic performance was investigated.
Plant nitrilase: a new job for an old enzyme
Authors: Jez Joseph M.
Published: April 2019

Nitrilases are versatile enzymes that hydrolyze nitriles to carboxylic acids and ammonia, but many members of this family lack defined biological functions. In plants, nitrilases have been associated with detoxification of cyanide-containing compounds and auxin biosynthesis; however, recent work suggests that the chemical versatility of these proteins contributes to metabolite repair. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Niehaus et al. demonstrate that the Nit1 nitrilase from Arabidopsis thaliana functions as a metabolite repair enzyme that removes deaminated glutathione from the cytoplasm and plastids.
A novel method to investigate the effects of gene mutations at the cellular level using a dual expression lentiviral vector
Authors: Huang Liyun , Peng Feixia , Wei Yun , He Wei , Zhao Shasha , Wang Juan , Zhang Yang , Zhao Houliang , Deng Wensheng
Published: April 2019

One of the conventional methods to study the effects of gene mutations is that gene mutants are transfected into mammalian cells, and the dominant effects of gene mutants in the cells are examined. However, the result obtained using this method is not always satisfactory due to the interference of endogenous expression. Whether there is a better method to investigate the effects of gene mutations in cells remains to be examined. In the present study, a novel dual expression lentiviral vector was constructed using a shRNA-expressing lentiviral vector and combined techniques. Using this dual expression system, the vectors expressing both transcription factor IIA γ (TFIIAγ) shRNA and HA-TFIIAγ or its mutants were generated, and the effects of TFIIAγ gene mutations on transcription and protein–DNA interaction were investigated. We show that the transfection of the vector expressing TFIIAγ shRNA and HA-TFIIAγ fusion gene was able to silence the expression of endogenous TFIIAγ gene but not affect that of exogenous HA-TFIIAγ fusion gene in either transiently transfected cells or stable cell lines. Mutations in the conservative domain between AA62 and AA69 in TFIIAγ inhibit the activities of promoters and endogenous gene expression, and reduce TFIIAγ binding to AdML core promoter compared with wild-type (WT) TFIIAγ. ChIP-qPCR data suggest that the TFIIAγ N63A mutant inhibits insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) transcription by reducing the recruitments of TFIIAγ, polymerase II (Pol II), TATA box-binding protein (TBP), and TBP associated factor 1 (250 kDa) (TAF1) at its promoter. Our study provides a novel method that is used to investigate the effects of gene mutations at the cellular level.
The Relationship Between Physiological Mechanisms and the Self-Perception of Vocal Effort
Authors: McKenna Victoria S. , Diaz-Cadiz Manuel E. , Shembel Adrianna C. , Enos Nicole M. , Stepp Cara E.
Published: April 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the relationship between a large set of hypothesized physiological measures of vocal effort and self-ratings of vocal effort.

Method

Twenty-six healthy adults modulated speech rate and vocal effort during repetitions of the utterance /ifi/, followed by self-perceptual ratings of vocal effort on a visual analog scale. Physiological measures included (a) intrinsic laryngeal tension via kinematic stiffness ratios determined from high-speed laryngoscopy, (b) extrinsic suprahyoid and infrahyoid laryngeal tension via normalized percent activations and durations derived from surface electromyography, (c) supraglottal compression via expert visual–perceptual ratings, and (d) subglottal pressure via magnitude of neck surface vibrations from an accelerometer signal.

Results

Individual statistical models revealed that all of the physiological predictors, except for kinematic stiffness ratios, were significantly predictive of self-ratings of vocal effort. However, a combined regression model analysis yielded only 3 significant predictors: subglottal pressure, mediolateral supraglottal compression, and the normalized percent activation of the suprahyoid muscles (adjusted
R
2
= .60).

Conclusions

Vocal effort manifests as increases in specific laryngeal physiological measures. Further work is needed to examine these measures in combination with other contributing factors, as well as in speakers with dysphonia.
Co-Delivered Integrative Music and Language Therapy: Positive Outcomes Through Music Therapy and Speech-Language Pathology Collaboration
Authors: Johnson Melissa A. , Coles Heather , Keough Laurie , King Betsey , Reed Melissa
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Persons with aphasia can sometimes retain the ability to sing, and several studies have shown the effectiveness of using music to improve speech and language output. The purposes of this article were to discuss the theoretical principles and observed speech-language outcomes of a co-delivered integrative music and language therapy (CIMaLT) methodology for adults with chronic aphasia in a college-based clinic, to describe the interprofessional clinical education model used at the clinic, and to present a case example of CIMaLT implementation.

Conclusion

CIMaLT is an effective and feasible methodology to implement interprofessional education and practice in a college-based clinic. Additionally, it results in meaningful change in speech and language for some clients with aphasia and apraxia. Additional research is needed to further explore its outcomes for students and persons with aphasia and other neurogenic communication impairments at various stages of recovery.

Plain Language Summary

Persons with aphasia can sometimes retain the ability to sing, which can help improve speech and language function. Music and speech-language pathology students from our college-based clinic work together to provide treatment for persons with aphasia. This results in improvements in both student learning and client speech and language. This article describes the theory approach, and client and student outcomes of this treatment.
Secrecy analysis of wireless sensor network in smart grid with destination assisted jamming
Authors: Atallah Michael , Alam Md. Sahabul , Kaddoum Georges
Published: April 2019

In this study, the authors investigate the physical layer security performance over Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of impulsive noise, as encountered, for instance in smart grid environments. For this scheme, secrecy performance metrics are considered with and without destination assisted jamming at the eavesdropper's side. Specifically, they derive analytical expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP), at the legitimate receiver. Finally, numerical results are provided to verify the accuracy of the authors' derivations. From the obtained results, it is verified that the SOP, without destination assisted jamming, is flooring at high signal‐to‐noise‐ratio values and that it can be significantly improved with the use of jamming.
Evaluation of an STSMO‐based estimator for power control of rotor‐tied DFIG systems
Authors: Mbukani Mwana Wa Kalaga , Gule Nkosinathi
Published: April 2019

In this study, a sensorless vector control strategy of a rotor‐tied doubly fed induction generator (RDFIG) system based on the association of the phase‐locked loop (PLL) estimator and the super‐twisting sliding mode observer (STSMO) is proposed and analysed. The proposed sensorless control strategy utilises the stator current and the back‐electromotive force (EMF) as state variables. The advantage of the proposed sensorless control strategy is that the estimation process is conducted before the machine is connected to the grid. The slip angle/speed is extracted from the estimated back‐EMF space vector by using a PLL. The parameters of the STSMO are selected such that the Lyapunov stability criteria are fulfilled and that fast response is achieved. The robustness of the proposed position/speed sensorless control strategy is validated through steady state and dynamic experimental measurements on a 5.5 kW custom‐designed grid‐connected mode RDFIG test bench based on a National Instruments PXIe‐8115 controller.
Protéomique circadienne
Authors: Gachon Frédéric
Published: April 2019

Les progrès récents des techniques de protéomique offrent de nouvelles perspectives pour la biologie circadienne, et en particulier la possibilité d’étudier des modifications post-traductionnelles telles que la phosphorylation et l’acétylation. En utilisant la protéomique in vivo sur des extraits totaux de foie de souris ou des extraits nucléaires, nous avons pu caractériser le protéome rythmique du foie avec une résolution sans précédent, et ainsi révéler de nouveaux processus rythmiques tels que la sécrétion des protéines, la synthèse des ribosomes, la réparation de l’ADN ou la polyploïdie. De plus, l’analyse des modifications post-traductionnelles a permis de mettre en évidence les voies de signalisation impliquées et les conséquences sur le métabolisme hépatique.
Solvent extraction process for the selective recovery of copper and cobalt from carrollite leach solution
Authors: Dong Bo , Wu Jian-hui , Wu Jun , Zhang Xian-peng , Zhai Jing-jun
Published: April 2019

A solvent extraction application consisting of three-sequential solvent extraction steps to selectively recover the copper and cobalt from carrollite leach solution was conceived and experimentally explored. The first step allowed the simultaneous extraction of 95.5% copper, 0.87% cobalt and 4.79% iron using 20% Lix984 in sulfonated kerosene and O/A ratio of 1 at initial pH of 2. Two-stage scrubbing at pH = 4 using diluted sulphuric acid solution allowed the removal of most of the cobalt (98.56%), iron (97.25%) and small amount of copper (0.36%). Complete stripping of copper was achieved at H2SO4 concentration of 1.5 mol/L and an O:A ratio of 1. This raffinate was the feed for the second step. The use 30% P204 in sulfonated kerosene, sodium-saponification rate of 30% and initial pH of 2.5 allowed the removal of 100% iron, 98.45% zinc, 93.64% calcium and 22.77% magnesium under the O:A ratio of 1 but with substantial co-removal of cobalt (8.23%). Two-stage scrubbing of this loaded organic phase at pH = 2.5 using diluted sulphuric acid solution allowed the extraction of most of the cobalt (92.75%). This raffinate was the feed for the third step. The simultaneous extraction of 99.08% cobalt, 5.12% magnesium and 2.87% nickel was found using 35% P507 in sulfonated kerosene, sodium-saponification rate of 65% and initial pH of 4 at an O:A ratio of 1:2. Two-stage scrubbing at pH = 3.5 using diluted sulphuric acid solution allowed the removal of most of the magnesium (96.82%), nickel (93.49%) and small amount of cobalt (2.87%). Complete stripping of cobalt was achieved at H2SO4 concentration of 1.0 mol/L at an O:A ratio of 3:1. Meanwhile, as long as the phase ratio (O/A) of extraction and stripping were properly controlled, this diluted cobalt solution can be concentrated before being sent to a subsequent step such as recovery of the metal by electrowinning. Based on the experimental results, a flowsheet for the extraction process is presented.
Skala zur Erfassung von Anspannungszuständen bei Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung: SEAGB-Fragebogen
Authors: Pelzer Esther A. , Hahn Julika , Hesse Johanna , Loch Annabelle , Vollmer Noelle , Eirund Wolfgang
Published: April 2019

Ziel Anspannungszustände beeinflussen unter allen Faktoren am stärksten die individuelle Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Intelligenzminderung und das Zusammenleben in Wohngruppen. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, eine Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsskala zu entwickeln, welche eine Objektivierung des Therapieeffekts zulässt, unabhängig von der angewandten Therapie (wie z. B. medikamentös, psychotherapeutisch, sozial-pädagogisch).

Methoden Eingeschlossen in die Studie wurden 150 pädagogische Mitarbeiter. Diese wurden aufgefordert, 20 Begriffe zu benennen, welche Anspannung definieren. Aus der Liste der gesammelten Worte wurden von zwei unabhängigen Bewertern (neuro-psychiatrischer Oberarzt, Germanist) Subgruppen definiert, zu denen die einzelnen Begriffe zugeordnet werden konnten.

Ergebnisse Von den 150 ausgehändigten Fragebögen gab es lediglich 40 Rückläufer mit 680 resultierenden Wörtern, von denen bei Bewerter A 31 Wörter und bei Bewerter B 30 Wörter ausgeschlossen werden mussten, da diese nicht korrekt Anspannungszustände definierten. Aus den restlichen Wörtern konnten 13 Kategorien entwickelt werden, welche Anspannung definieren, jedoch wurden Subgruppen, welche weniger als 15 Begriffe erfassten zur Entwicklung des SEAGB-Fragebogens ausgeschlossen. Daher wurden entsprechend 8 Subgruppen für die Erstellung des Fragebogens verwendet.

Diese lauteten selbstverletzendes Verhalten, Fremdaggression, Verbalaggression, Rückzug, (motorische) Unruhe, autonome Veränderungen, Gefühle, Verhaltensänderungen. Für eine Fremdbeurteilung wurden die Fragen in einer dreistufigen Likertskala ( -1 = nein , 0 = weiß nicht, +1 = ja ) abgefragt, für die Selbstbeurteilung wurde ebenfalls eine solche dreistufige Likertskala eingeführt, wobei die Antwortmöglichkeiten mit Symbolen visuell verdeutlicht wurden.

Schlussfolgerung Die Entwicklung eines standardisierten Messinstruments zur Erfassung von Anspannungszuständen ist notwendig, um diese hinsichtlich des Schweregrads und einem Ansprechen auf Therapien zu objektivieren. Nur so können langfristig Therapien zur Anspannungsreduktion optimal individuell auf den Patienten angepasst werden. Gleichfalls bedarf es personeller sowie struktureller Anpassungen in der stationären Behindertenhilfe, um Anspannungszustände zu reduzieren oder gar ganz zu vermeiden.
Berufsgruppen- und altersabhängige Unterschiede in der
Arbeitsunfähigkeit durch Varizen der unteren Extremitäten
Authors: Brendler Claudia , Liebers Falk , Müller-Nordhorn Jacqueline , Latza Ute
Published: April 2019

Hintergrund/Zielsetzung Arbeitsunfähigkeit (AU) durch Venenerkrankungen
ist relativ häufig. Sie ist bei Erwerbstätigen abhängig von der beruflichen
Tätigkeit. Es soll geklärt werden, ob berufsspezifische Unterschiede im
Auftreten von AU-Ereignissen aufgrund der ICD 10-Diagnose „Varizen der unteren
Extremitäten“ zudem abhängig vom Lebensalter sind.

Methodik Die Untersuchung basiert auf einer Sekundärdatenanalyse von
AU-Daten fast aller gesetzlichen Krankenkassen Deutschlands des Jahres 2008. Es
liegen geschlechtsstratifizierte, aggregierte Daten von 26,2 Mio. gesetzlich
pflichtversicherten Erwerbstätigen vor. Berechnet werden AU-Fallzahlen
stratifiziert nach Geschlecht und Alter sowie indirekt standardisierte
Morbiditätsratios für das Auftreten von AU-Fällen nach Alter und Berufsgruppen
stratifiziert.

Ergebnis Beschäftigte in Produktionsberufen mit geringem und mittlerem
Qualifikationsniveau sind aufgrund von Varizen besonders häufig arbeitsunfähig.
In beiden Geschlechtern treten in allen Altersgruppen mindestens anderthalbmal
so viele AU-Fälle wie bei qualifizierten kaufmännischen und Verwaltungsberufen
(Referenzgruppe) auf. In der Altersgruppe der 35- bis 44-Jährigen sind
Beschäftigte in gering qualifizierten Verwaltungsberufen ebenfalls anderthalbmal
häufiger arbeitsunfähig als in der Referenzgruppe. Variationen der Effekte über
das Lebensalter sind nachweisbar.

Diskussion/Zusammenfassung Da in Zukunft mehr ältere Erwerbstätige zu
erwarten sind (Verschiebung des Rentenalters, bessere medizinische Versorgung,
Erhöhung des Anteils der Erwerbstätigkeit bei Älteren), sollte die Prävention im
Betrieb (z. B. im Rahmen der arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorge) verstärkt werden.
Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt sollte in Produktionsberufen sowie grundsätzlich in
Berufen mit geringer Qualifikation liegen.
Association of High Serum Uric Acid and Increased Arterial Stiffness is Dependent on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Female Population
Authors: Yuan Yin , Huang Feng , Lin Fan , Lin Min , Zhu Pengli
Published: April 2019

An elevated serum uric acid (SUA) level is closely associated with increased arterial stiffness. However, whether this association is independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors is controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether SUA is independently associated with arterial stiffness as assessed by Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and to what extent this association is dependent on cardiovascular risk factors. Increased arterial stiffness was defined as baPWV>1 400 cm/s. Cardiovascular risk factors were defined as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and a BMI≥24.0 kg/m2. A total of 3 342 subjects (1 334 men and 2008 women, mean age 53.79±13.18 years) were included. SUA levels exhibited a graded elevation with an increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors. In female subjects with more than two cardiovascular risk factors, compared with the first quartile of SUA, higher SUA quartiles were associated with a higher probability of increased baPWV (OR=1.500, 1.478, 1.774 for SUA Q2–Q4). In further stratified association analysis, compared with Q1, SUA quartiles showed a graded association with increased baPWV in subjects with TC≥5.2 mmol/l (OR=1.758, 1.942, 2.354 for Q2, Q3, and Q4 respectively), LDL-C≥3.3 mmol/l (OR=1.510, 2.255 for Q3 and Q4) and FBG≥7.0 mmol/l (OR=1.516, 1.748 for Q3 and Q4). In the Chinese coastal female population, the association of high SUA and increased arterial stiffness is dependent on the coexistence of at least one cardiovascular risk factor, especially hypercholesterolemia.