bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ratiometric Inclusion of Fibroblasts Promotes Both Castration‐Resistant and Androgen‐Dependent Tumorigenic Progression in Engineered Prostate Cancer Tissues
Authors: Habbit Nicole L. , Anbiah Benjamin , Suresh Joshita , Anderson Luke , Davies Megan L. , Hassani Iman , Ghosh Taraswi M. , Greene Michael W. , Prabhakarpandian Balabhaskar , Arnold Robert D. , Lipke Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2023

To investigate the ratiometric role of fibroblasts in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, this work establishes a matrix‐inclusive, 3D engineered prostate cancer tissue (EPCaT) model that enables direct coculture of neuroendocrine‐variant castration‐resistant (CPRC‐ne) or androgen‐dependent (ADPC) PCa cells with tumor‐supporting stromal cell types. Results show that the inclusion of fibroblasts within CRPC‐ne and ADPC EPCaTs drives PCa aggression through significant matrix remodeling and increased proliferative cell populations. Interestingly, this is observed to a much greater degree in EPCaTs formed with a small number of fibroblasts relative to the number of PCa cells. Fibroblast coculture also results in ADPC behavior more similar to the aggressive CRPC‐ne condition, suggesting fibroblasts play a role in elevating PCa disease state and may contribute to the ADPC to CRPC‐ne switch. Bulk transcriptomic analyses additionally elucidate fibroblast‐driven enrichment of hallmark gene sets associated with tumorigenic progression. Finally, the EPCaT model clinical relevancy is probed through a comparison to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PCa patient cohort; notably, similar gene set enrichment is observed between EPCaT models and the patient primary tumor transcriptome. Taken together, study results demonstrate the potential of the EPCaT model to serve as a PCa‐mimetic tool in future therapeutic development efforts.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma Composite Organohydrogel with Water‐Locking and Anti‐Freezing to Accelerate Wound Healing
Authors: Cai Chao , Zhu Huimin , Chen Yujie , Yuan Xiuqun , Liu Hezhou , Yang Zhi
Published: July 2023

Hydrogels have gained impressive attention in biological medicine due to their excellent biosafety, softness, and varied functional components. However, conventional hydrogels have inherent defects, such as low tensile strength, weak water‐locking, and poor anti‐freezing. In tissue engineering, once the hydrogel loses water or freezes, it will harden the interaction interfaces and destroy the nascent granulation tissue. Herein, based on the design concept of “hard frame−soft penetration”, a composite adhesive organohydrogel is fabricated by introducing bacterial cellulose and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) into a poly‐N‐(tris[hydroxymethyl]methyl)acrylamide (THMA)/N‐acryloyl aspartic acid (AASP) hybrid gel network infiltrated with glycerol/water binary solvent. The resultant organohydrogels exhibit excellent antifreeze properties at low temperatures (−80 °C) and demonstrate stable long‐term water retention (91%) in the open environment within 12 days and can adhere firmly to the tissues by the action of “hydrogen bond clusters”. Additionally, the introduction of bacterial cellulose matrix endows the organohydrogel with high tensile strength similar to that of skin. In vivo, the PRP‐loaded organohydrogel can release a variety of growth factors to accelerate the wound healing process through collagen deposition and angiogenesis. Altogether, this strategy will extend the life of the hydrogel in some harsh medical environments.
Electrochemically Controlled Hydrogels with Electrotunable Permeability and Uniaxial Actuation
Authors: Benselfelt Tobias , Shakya Jyoti , Rothemund Philipp , Lindström Stefan B. , Piper Andrew , Winkler Thomas E. , Hajian Alireza , Wågberg Lars , Keplinger Christoph , Hamedi Mahiar Max
Published: July 2023

The unique properties of hydrogels enable the design of life‐like soft intelligent systems. However, stimuli‐responsive hydrogels still suffer from limited actuation control. Direct electronic control of electronically conductive hydrogels can solve this challenge and allow direct integration with modern electronic systems. An electrochemically controlled nanowire composite hydrogel with high in‐plane conductivity that stimulates a uniaxial electrochemical osmotic expansion is demonstrated. This materials system allows precisely controlled shape‐morphing at only −1 V, where capacitive charging of the hydrogel bulk leads to a large uniaxial expansion of up to 300%, caused by the ingress of ≈700 water molecules per electron–ion pair. The material retains its state when turned off, which is ideal for electrotunable membranes as the inherent coupling between the expansion and mesoporosity enables electronic control of permeability for adaptive separation, fractionation, and distribution. Used as electrochemical osmotic hydrogel actuators, they achieve an electroactive pressure of up to 0.7 MPa (1.4 MPa vs dry) and a work density of ≈150 kJ m−3 (2 MJ m−3 vs dry). This new materials system paves the way to integrate actuation, sensing, and controlled permeation into advanced soft intelligent systems.
Chiral Opto‐Fluidics and Plasmonic Nanostructures as a Functional Nanosystem for Manipulating Surface Deformations
Authors: Ma Cuiping , Movsesyan Artur , Jing Zhimin , Zhu Yisong , Li Peihang , Wang Wenhao , Muravitskaya Alina , Govorov Alexander O. , Wang Zhiming
Published: July 2023

Photothermal conversion of energy in plasmonic nanostructures brought a new fascinating field of plasmon‐induced optofluidics to life. Notably, the heat generation by plasmonic nanostructures and consequent fluid convection recently attracted wide attention; however, the possibility of controlling and manipulating liquid surfaces has been sparsely investigated. The plasmon heating and convective fluid flow lead to the emergence of the surface tension gradient on a free liquid surface interface with air, resulting in the Marangoni effect‐driven fluid flow observed as water deformation. Here, nanoscale asymmetric fluid deformation anchored on the chiral plasmon‐induced optofluidic effect is reported on. To understand the fluid dynamics of surface deformation, a theoretical model is developed. The results demonstrate that deformation at different depths can be obtained by adjusting structural parameters or incident light intensity. The fundamental understanding of light‐induced asymmetric deformation will contribute to expanding chirality‐related discipline and open new avenues for controlling fluid flow at the micro‐ or nano‐scale. The proposed method can encourage the research and applications of optofluidics, including integrated fluidic devices, biochemistry, and clinical biology. Moreover, the use of the asymmetric fluid deformation on thermal dewetting of thin films of polymer solutions can be employed for the fabrication of functional and nanopatterned metal/polymer metasurfaces.
Geometrical Designing of a Soft‐Layered Halide Perovskite Improper Photoferroelectric for Boosted Photostriction
Authors: Wu Fafa , Li Xiaoqi , Pan Danmei , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua , Liu Xitao
Published: July 2023

Halide perovskite photoferroelectrics, materials possessing both photosensitive and ferroelectric properties, have motivated tremendous attention in the past decade owing to their distinguishing bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) and cross‐coupled functionalities. Despite the great achievements, the BPVE coupled functionalities are still limited by the geometric origin contradictory of internal order parameters. Herein, by exploiting a geometrical design approach, a soft layered halide perovskite improper photoferroelectric (2FEA)2(EA)2Pb3Br10 (1, where 2FEA is 2,2‐difluoroethylamonium and EA is ethylammonium) has been developed. Crystallographic investigations reveal that the incorporation of large‐size EA cations significantly induces a nonpolar lattice distortion of the inorganic semiconducting framework, which gives rise to a striking improper ferroelectricity. In the soft crystal lattices, driven by the subtle competition and coupling between photoinduced carriers and inorganic lattice distortions, single crystals of 1 display a giant cross‐coupled photostriction with a considerable photostrictive coefficient up to 4.89 × 10−6 m2 W−1, which is larger than the traditional semiconductors and ferroelectrics. This work offers an attractive route to the design of new improper photoferroelectric materials and promotes their further applications in photoelectronic devices.
Recent Progress in Application of Propargylic Alcohols in Organic Syntheses
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Mohammad Mahdavian Amir , Karimian Somaye , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Propargylic alcohols are readily available bifunctional (alkyne and hydroxyl groups) synthons, which recognize as one of the attractive synthetic feedstock in organic transformations. Especially, in recent years the employment of these valuable molecules has frequently been observed in the literature. Hence, the present review highlights recent advancements in the application of propargylic alcohols in the cyclization, substitution, and addition reactions.
Rapid Light Response of a Novel Bi‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Bacterial Wound Infections Treatment
Authors: Wu Lihua , Luo Yue , Wei Hu , Wu Shuilin , Zheng Yufeng , Li Zhaoyang , Cui Zhenduo , Liang Yanqin , Zhu Shengli , Shen Jie , Liu Xiangmei
Published: July 2023

Bismuth metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as catalysts are scarce. Herein, the first MOF comprising meso‐ tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphine (TCPP) as an organic ligand and Bi ion as a metal node, denoted as Bi‐TCPP, is synthesized by a convenient one‐step hydrothermal method. Compared to other 2D (Cu‐TCPP) or 3D (PCN‐222) MOFs with TCPP as a ligand, Bi‐TCPP has ultrafast singlet oxygen generation ability and a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 49.5% under the irradiation of 660 nm light. This is due to Bi‐TCPP's strong ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) events that form singlet oxygen (1O2). Further, when the electrons and holes above the bandgap relax to the band edge, the excess energy is converted into heat. In vitro and in vivo experiments show excellent antibacterial and repair effects. Hence, the synthesis of Bi‐TCPP provides new ideas for the study of rare bismuth‐based MOFs, and its excellent biocompatibility provides a possibility for further application.
MET‐Activating Ubiquitin Multimers
Authors: Kawakami Naoya , Sato Hiroki , Terasaka Naohiro , Matsumoto Kunio , Suga Hiroaki
Published: July 2023

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are generally activated through their dimerization and/or oligomerization induced by their cognate ligands, and one such RTK hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, known as MET, plays an important role in tissue regeneration. Here we show the development of ubiquitin (Ub)‐based protein ligand multimers, referred to as U‐bodies, which act as surrogate agonists for MET and are derived from MET‐binding macrocyclic peptides. Monomeric Ub constructs (U‐body) were first generated by genetic implantation of a macrocyclic peptide pharmacophore into a structural loop of Ub (lasso‐grafting) and subsequent optimization of its flanking spacer sequences via mRNA display. Such U‐body constructs exhibit potent binding affinity to MET, thermal stability, and proteolytic stability. The U‐body constructs also partially/fully inhibited or enhanced HGF‐induced MET‐phosphorylation. Their multimerization to dimeric, tetrameric, and octameric U‐bodies linked by an appropriate peptide linker yielded potent MET activation activity and downstream cell proliferation‐promoting activity. This work suggests that lasso‐grafting of macrocycles to Ub is an effective approach to devising protein‐based artificial RTK agonists and it can be useful in the development of a new class of biologics for various therapeutic applications.
Student perceptions of remote versus on‐campus gross anatomy laboratories during COVID‐19
Authors: Kendell Alyssa , Limback Kylie , Lester D. Kirk , Rogers Robert S. , Creamer Bradley A. , Dennis Jennifer F.
Published: July 2023

At Kansas City University, anatomy laboratories were delivered via remote (REM) or on‐campus (OC) formats due to COVID‐19, creating an opportunity to evaluate student perceptions of differences in laboratory delivery format. A six‐item survey of Likert scale and open‐ended questions explored the utility of anatomy software, prelab instruction handouts, and prosection reviews. Likert scale validity was analyzed using Cronbach's α; responses were compared among REM and OC formats using Chi‐square. Descriptive codes were applied to summarize responses, which were grouped and converted into percentages. Statistically significant differences in REM versus OC formats were determined for the helpfulness of the prelab handouts (χ2, 28.00; df, 4; p < 0.001) and effectiveness of cadavers in learning anatomy (χ2, 20.58; df, 4; p < 0.0004). Trends in responses noted disagreement in the effectiveness of anatomy software (REM, 69.8%; OC, 51.08%), but agreement with the helpfulness of prosection reviews (REM, 85.9%; OC, 61.6%) (Cronbach α: REM, 0.648; OC, 0.646). Themes from narrative REM comments (n = 496) noted anatomy software was difficult to use (33.1%) and had issues with orientation (15.5%), as well as a student preference for OC laboratories (12.5%). The OC format responses (n = 456) noted poor software design (47.9%), unnecessary for studying (35.4%), and preference for in‐person laboratories (7.4%). Qualitative analysis of narrative comments detailed other resources used, including Complete Anatomy™ and YouTube™. Trends highlighted the prelab handouts and prosection reviews for learning, the ineffectiveness of anatomy software, and a preference for OC laboratories. We highlight student perspectives of REM versus OC laboratory formats in response to COVID‐19.
Discussion of specifying prior distributions in reliability applications
Authors: Coolen Frank P.A.
Published: July 2023

The paper Specifying Prior Distributions in Reliability Applications mainly provides an overview of methods for selecting non‐informative prior distributions for parameters of basic lifetime distributions, as often used in reliability analyses. This discussion raises some related issues and comments on opportunities beyond basic Bayesian statistical methods which may be useful in reliability scenarios. The main emphasis in this discussion is on practical reliability analyses with few data available, where there is often need for informative priors rather than for non‐informative priors, in order to take expert judgement into account. Furthermore, while rather abstract considerations of non‐informativeness of prior distributions is of theoretic interest, in most practical scenarios one aims at decision support, and the influence of assumed priors on the final decisions should be considered, ideally with robustness of the final decision with regard to all priors which are deemed to be reasonable.
Synthetic biology in multicellular organisms: Opportunities in nematodes
Authors: Kukhtar Dmytro , Fussenegger Martin
Published: July 2023

Synthetic biology has mainly focused on introducing new or altered functionality in single cell systems: primarily bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells. Here, we describe the extension of synthetic biology to nematodes, in particular the well‐studied model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, as a convenient platform for developing applications in a multicellular setting. We review transgenesis techniques for nematodes, as well as the application of synthetic biology principles to construct nematode gene switches and genetic devices to control motility. Finally, we discuss potential applications of engineered nematodes.
Excited‐State Proton Transfer in Luminescent Dyes: From Theoretical Insight to Experimental Evidence
Authors: Fontes Luís F. B. , Rocha João , Silva Artur M. S. , Guieu Samuel
Published: July 2023

The effective utilization of luminescent dyes often relies on a comprehensive understanding of their excitation and relaxation pathways. One such pathway, Excited‐State Proton Transfer (ESPT), involves the tautomerization of the dye in its excited state, resulting in a new structure that exhibits distinct emission properties, such as a very large Stokes′ shift or dual‐emission. Although the ESPT phenomenon is well‐explained theoretically, its experimental demonstration can be challenging due to the presence of numerous other phenomena that can yield similar experimental observations. In this review, we propose that an all‐encompassing methodology, integrating experimental findings, computational analyses, and a thorough evaluation of diverse mechanisms, is essential for verifying the occurrence of ESPT in luminescent dyes. Investigations have offered significant understanding of the elements impacting the ESPT process and the array of approaches that can be used to validate the existence of ESPT. These discoveries hold crucial ramifications for the advancement of molecular probes, sensors, and other applications that depend on ESPT as a detection mechanism.
Pd‐Catalyzed Activation of Carbon–Carbon Bonds in Hydroxymethylfurfural Derivatives
Authors: Ghahramani Fatemeh , Meyer Malte , Unone Shreya , Janssen‐Müller Daniel
Published: July 2023

Palladium‐catalyzed activation of C−C bonds in organic molecules is a powerful tool for the synthesis of value‐added compounds. 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derivatives are a promising class of biomass‐derived chemicals that have received considerable attention due to their potential applications in the synthesis of biologically active molecules and materials. However, the selective activation of unstrained C−C bonds is a challenging task, mainly due to their relatively high bond dissociation energies. Herein, we report a palladium‐catalyzed method for the efficient C−C bond activation of HMF derivatives, enabling their arylation with iodobenzenes. Mechanistic studies, including reaction‐profile analysis, competition experiments and head‐space IR spectroscopy suggest a decarboxylative mechanism.
Comparative Study on Proton Conductivity and Mechanism Analysis of Two Imidazole Modified Imine‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Shuai‐Long , Guo Zhong‐Cheng , Su An‐Ran , Yang Jian , Li Zi‐Feng , Si Yu‐Bing , Li Gang
Published: July 2023

This work elucidates the potential impact of intramolecular H‐bonds within the pore walls of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) on proton conductivity. Employing DaTta and TaTta as representative hosts, it was observed that their innate proton conductivities (σ) are both unsatisfactory and σ(DaTta)<σ(TaTta). Intriguingly, the performance of both imidazole‐loaded products, Im@DaTta and Im@TaTta is greatly improved, and the σ of Im@DaTta (0.91×10−2 S cm−1) even surpasses that of Im@TaTta (3.73×10−3 S cm−1) under 100 °C and 98 % relative humidity. The structural analysis, gas adsorption tests, and activation energy calculations forecast the influence of imidazole on the H‐bonded system within the framework, leading to observed changes in proton conductivity. It is hypothesized that intramolecular H‐bonds within the COF framework impede efficient proton transmission. Nevertheless, the inclusion of an imidazole group disrupts these intramolecular bonds, leading to the formation of an abundance of intermolecular H‐bonds within the pore channels, thus contributing to a dramatic increase in proton conductivity. The related calculation of Density Functional Theory (DFT) provides further evidence for this inference.
Effect of nitrogen application rate and harvesting stage on yield and agronomic parameters of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Ekren Sıdıka , Ozturk Gulsum , Gokçol Adem , Ertekin Mustafa , Geren Hakan , Ilker Emre
Published: July 2023

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is one of the world's oldest and most diversely cultivated plants, but legal constraints and a lack of agronomic rules have curtailed its production. This study aimed to determine the optimum nitrogen (N) application rate and harvesting stage for hemp yield in terms of seed, fiber, and stem. Treatments included (1) five nitrogen application rates (control [N0], 60 kg ha−1 [N60], 120 kg ha−1 [N120], 180 kg ha−1 [N180], and 240 kg ha−1 [N240]) and (2) three harvesting stages: before flowering (HS1), during flowering (HS2), and at the end of flowering (HS3). A 2‐year field experiment was conducted with three replicates. Harvest stages were randomly distributed over N rates in both years. The following agronomic parameters were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter (lower, middle, upper), number of leaves/plant, leaflet width, leaflet length, dry stem yield, fiber yield, and seed yield. The highest stem yield and fiber yield were obtained in the 240 kg ha−1 N treatment, and also the highest fiber (bast) yield and dry stem (hurd fiber) were obtained flowering and at the end of the flowering stages, respectively. When nitrogen application rate was increased from 0 to 240 kg ha−1, plant height, stem, and fiber yields increased by 48%, 65% and 57%, respectively. Agronomic parameters increased significantly (p < 0.01) when the harvesting time was moved from “before flowering” to “at the end of flowering.”
Simultaneous wireless information and power transmission‐based power transfer and energy prediction for efficient communication with golden Taylor sea lion optimization in wireless sensor network
Authors: SureshKumar K. , Vimala P.
Published: July 2023

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging lower cost and resourceful solution, which enables controlled observation of the environment. The high amount of energy is required in wireless networks during the transmission of data. Here, Golden Ant Lion Whale Optimization (GALWO) and Golden Taylor Sea Lion Optimization (GTSLnO) techniques are presented for cluster head (CH) selection and prediction of neighbor nodes' age. The six stages performed in this work are setup, steady‐state, prediction, power transfer, communication or route discovery, and route maintenance stages. In the setup level, CH selection is carried out by GALWO, which is the combination of Ant Lion Whale Optimization (ALWO) with Golden Search Optimization (GSO). Moreover, ALWO is an integration of Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) with the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). In the steady state, the distance, energy, delay, throughput, and trust update are considered as objective functions. In the prediction stage, the Deep Convolutional Neural Network (Deep CNN) is utilized for age prediction of neighbor nodes, wherein Deep CNN is tuned by employing GTSLnO. The GTSLnO is an incorporation of GSO and Taylor series with Sea Lion Optimization (SLnO). Then, the power transfer stage is done utilizing simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT). Thereafter, the communication/route discovery stage is conducted for path selection through neighbor node, and lastly, the route maintenance stage is carried out. The GTSLnO–Deep CNN achieved a minimal delay of 0.089 s, maximal residual energy, throughput, and trust of 0.500 J, 98,843 kbps, and 0.452 for DoS attack.
Biotin‐Conjugated Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐Grafted Ultrasmall Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Imaging
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Yaseen , Liu Shuwen , Tegafaw Tirusew , Al Saidi Abdullah Khamis Ali , Zhao Dejun , Liu Ying , Lee Sangyeol , Kim Seungho , Yang So Hyeon , Hwang Dong Wook , Baek Ahrum , Jung Jae Chang , Nam Sung‐Wook , Chae Kwon Seok , Chang Yongmin , Lee Gang Ho
Published: July 2023

Herein, biotin (Bio)‐conjugated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐grafted ultrasmall gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Bio‐PAA‐Gd2O3 NPs) were synthesized for enhanced tumor imaging using Bio as a tumor‐targeting ligand. The average particle diameter of Gd2O3 NPs was 2.1 nm. The Bio‐PAA‐Gd2O3 NPs exhibited excellent colloidal stability (i. e., no precipitation) and a high longitudinal water proton spin relaxivity (r1) of 23.8 s−1 mM−1 (r2/r1=1.6 and r2=transverse water proton spin relaxivity), which was ∼6 times higher than those of commercial Gd‐chelated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Cytotoxicity tests using two cell lines showed that the Bio‐PAA‐Gd2O3 NPs were almost non‐toxic up to the measured concentration of 500 μM Gd. The enhanced tumor imaging of the Bio‐PAA‐Gd2O3 NPs was demonstrated through their higher positive contrasts and longer contrast retention at the tumor after intravenous injection in T1 MR images, compared with those of the control PAA‐Gd2O3 NPs.
Exploring the impact of dopants on ionic conductivity in solid‐state electrolytes: Unveiling insights using machine learning techniques
Authors: Sharma Jayesh , Pareek Arnav , Kumar Kartik , Pareek Kapil
Published: July 2023

Due to their high ionic conductivity, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxides (LLZO, Li7La3Zr2O12) of the garnet type are useful in a variety of applications and are good choice for solid state lithium‐ion batteries. The nature of dopants and their stoichiometry significantly impacts ionic conductivity. In this study, to explore the large design space of doped LLZO, we used optimized machine learning techniques based on random sampling screening of the Lazy classifier. Molecular, structural, and electronic descriptors were used to derive features for training the algorithms. The light gradient boosting machine and random forest algorithms exhibited a classification accuracy exceeding 95%. Notably, the relative density of LLZO was identified as the most correlated attribute to doped LLZO ionic conductivity. These findings highlight the potential of data‐driven algorithms in driving innovation and facilitating the development of novel materials.
Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals of essential oils and extracts of Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata L. as a spice for diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yuca Hafize , Civaş Ayşe , Tekman Enes , Nadiroğlu Rozerin , Karakaş Şeydanur , Dürüster Şeyma , Keçeci Emire Bengisu , Bona Mehmet , Nobarirezaeyeh Mohaddeseh , Aydin Bilge , Öztürk Gözde , Sönmez Hatice Rümeysa , Karakaya Songul , Demirci Betül , Guvenalp Zuhal
Published: July 2023

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts, n‐hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous subextracts and essential oils of flowers, roots, leaves and aerial parts of Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata, which has been utilized in the public medicine systems of Turkey, Greece, Egypt and Rome for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis, as well as for flavour and aroma in the food industry and protection. Quantitative determination of secondary metabolites in the most effective samples of the plant was also analysed by LC–MS/MS. Moreover, the chemical composition of essential oils of different parts of the plant was analysed via GC‐FID and GC/MS. The main constituents in the flower, leaf and aerial part were found to be carvacrol (75.6%), γ‐terpinene (10.5%), carvacrol (73.3%), γ‐terpinene (9.5%), p‐cymene (8.6%), carvacrol (76.1.8%) and p‐cymene (7.3%), respectively. Quinic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, naringin, hesperidin and rosmarinic acid were measured in four ethyl acetate subextracts, and rosmarinic acid was found to have the highest amount in the flower subextract with a value of 48095.1083 ng/mL. The ethyl acetate extract of flowers showed the best activity with a 326 ± 12 μg/mL IC50 value, while the standard acarbose IC50 value was 4143 ± 243 μg/mL. It was determined that the leaf ethyl acetate extract, in particular, had a very high % inhibition value on ABTS·+ (99.137 ± 0.011% inhibition) and DPPH• (41.068 ± 0.031% inhibition). It is thought that the plant, which has been used as a spice in the kitchen for centuries by the public, can be safely used due to its high antidiabetic and antioxidant effects.
Exploring the cross‐cancer effect of smoking and its fingerprints in blood DNA methylation on multiple cancers: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Yajing , Zhou Xuan , Sun Jing , Wang Lijuan , Zhao Jianhui , Chen Jie , Yuan Shuai , He Yazhou , Timofeeva Maria , Spiliopoulou Athina , Mesa‐Eguiagaray Ines , Farrington Susan M. , Ding Kefeng , Dunlop Malcolm G , Qian Xiao , Theodoratou Evropi , Li Xue
Published: July 2023

Aberrant smoking‐related DNA methylation has been widely investigated as a carcinogenesis mechanism, but whether the cross‐cancer epigenetic pathways exist remains unclear. We conducted two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses respectively on smoking behaviors (age of smoking initiation, smoking initiation, smoking cessation, and lifetime smoking index [LSI]) and smoking‐related DNA methylation to investigate their effect on 15 site‐specific cancers, based on a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of 1.2 million European individuals and an epigenome‐WAS (EWAS) of 5907 blood samples of Europeans for smoking and 15 GWASs of European ancestry for multiple site‐specific cancers. Significantly identified CpG sites were further used for colocalization analysis, and those with cross‐cancer effect were validated by overlapping with tissue‐specific eQTLs. In the genomic MR, smoking measurements of smoking initiation, smoking cessation and LSI were suggested to be casually associated with risk of seven types of site‐specific cancers, among which cancers at lung, cervix and colorectum were provided with strong evidence. In the epigenetic MR, methylation at 75 CpG sites were reported to be significantly associated with increased risks of multiple cancers. Eight out of 75 CpG sites were observed with cross‐cancer effect, among which cg06639488 (EFNA1), cg12101586 (CYP1A1) and cg14142171 (HLA‐L) were validated by eQTLs at specific cancer sites, and cg07932199 (ATXN2) had strong evidence to be associated with cancers of lung (coefficient, 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31‐1.00), colorectum (0.90 [0.61, 1.18]), breast (0.31 [0.20, 0.43]) and endometrium (0.98 [0.68, 1.27]). These findings highlight the potential practices targeting DNA methylation‐involved cross‐cancer pathways.
A case of sequential medical therapy for advanced ureteral cancer in Li–Fraumeni syndrome
Authors: Une Minami , Fujiwara Ryo , Ueki Arisa , Oki Ryosuke , Urasaki Tetsuya , Inamura Kentaro , Takahashi Shunji , Yonese Junji , Yuasa Takeshi
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Li–Fraumeni syndrome, an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome caused by a pathogenic variant of TP53, a tumor suppressor gene, leads to a high risk from early childhood of developing various types of cancers. Here, we report a case of advanced ureteral cancer in Li–Fraumeni syndrome.

Case presentation

A 73 years‐old female patient, who had been diagnosed genetically as Li–Fraumeni syndrome; suffered from chondrosarcoma in the left pelvic joint, bilateral breast cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, and colon cancer in her history. She was diagnosed as unresectable advanced urothelial cancer during continuous magnetic resonance imaging surveillance, underwent avelumab maintenance therapy after the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy. The efficacies of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy and avelumab maintenance therapy were good.

Conclusion

We report an advanced urothelial cancer in a patient with Li–Fraumeni syndrome who demonstrated good efficacies to sequential medical therapy.
Employment reconciliation and nowcasting
Authors: Goto Eiji , Jacobs Jan P.A.M. , Sinclair Tara M. , van Norden Simon
Published: July 2023

We construct a latent employment estimate for the United States, which both reconciles the information from separate payroll and household surveys and incorporates the preliminary data revision process of the payroll data. We find that our reconciled latent employment series looks somewhat different than the initial release of payroll employment and is closer to the fully revised data that is benchmarked to a near census of employment. A real‐time exercise, however, suggests that the reconciled employment estimate is remarkably similar to the initial release of payroll employment with near zero weight on the household survey information.
Genetic and clinical screening for hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism in a large Chinese cohort: a single‐center study
Authors: Song An , Yang Yi , Jiang Yue , Nie Min , Jiang Yan , Li Mei , Xia Weibo , Xing Xiaoping , Wang Ou
Published: July 2023

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) includes sporadic PHPT and hereditary PHPT. However, until now, there have been no exact data on the proportion and composition of hereditary PHPT in the Chinese PHPT population. This study aimed to clarify the proportion and composition of hereditary PHPT in patients at a large academic center in Beijing, China, and to analyze genotype–phenotype characteristics. A total of 394 newly diagnosed Han PHPT patients who consented to genetic screening were enrolled. Targeted next‐generation sequencing (T‐NGS) (including for MEN1, RET, CDKN1B, CaSR, HRPT2/CDC73, GNA11, AP2S1, GCM2), combined with MEN1‐multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and CDC73‐MLPA, was used for genetic screening. Diagnosis of hereditary PHPT was based on clinical manifestations, family history, and genetic screening. Thirty‐seven pathogenic (P)/likely pathogenic (LP) variants were detected in 41 patients via T‐NGS, and three patients carried long‐range deletions of MEN1 or CDC73 detected by MLPA, with a variant detection rate of 11.2% (44/394). In total, 30 patients were clinically diagnosed with MEN1. Combined with genetic and clinical screening, the rate of hereditary PHPT in this study was 18.8% (74/394). For purposes of comparison, the rate of unequivocal nonhereditary PHPT was 66.5% (262/394); 14.7% (58/394) did not exhibit the clinical features of hereditary PHPT but carried variants of uncertain clinical significance and so could not be clearly categorized. Both the age at hospital visit (43.6 ± 14.0 versus 53.7 ± 14.9 years) and age at onset (35.4 ± 13.8 versus 50.6 ± 14.8 years) in the hereditary group (n = 74) were significantly lower than those in the nonhereditary group (n = 262). Higher levels of ionized calcium and serum β‐CTX were observed in the hereditary group; proportions of parathyroid hyperplasia and multigland involvement were also higher. In addition to multigland disease and positive family history, it is recommended that patients with an age of onset less than 38 should be screened for hereditary forms. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
“It's like losing a family member”: School counselors’ experience with student suicide
Authors: Haugen Jaimie Stickl , Waalkes Phillip L. , Burgess Melanie , Swindle Paula J.
Published: July 2023

Given the prevalence of suicide among school‐aged children and youth, school counselors may experience a student death by suicide in their careers. Yet, there is little empirical research exploring the nuances and depth of school counselors’ experiences with student suicide. In this study, the authors employed consensual qualitative research to explore the experience of 12 school counselors who encountered student death by suicide. Three domains emerged consisting of five general, four typical, and four variant categories highlighting school counselors’ experiences learning about the student suicide, the long‐term impact of the student death on school counselors’ personal and professional lives, and their advice for school counselors who experience a student suicide at some point in their careers. Findings have implications for school counseling practice, counselor educators, and future research.
Monoclonal antibody‐based systematic identification of SUMO1‐modification sites reveals TFII‐I SUMOylation is involved in tumor growth
Authors: Chen Yalan , Liu Kexin , Zhang Geqiang , Cheng Jinke , Tu Jun
Published: July 2023

SUMOylation plays an essential role in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Identification of wild‐type SUMO1‐modification sites by mass spectrometry is still challenging. In this study, we produced a monoclonal SUMO1C‐K antibody recognizing SUMOylated peptides and proposed an efficient streamline for identification of SUMOylation sites. We identified 471 SUMOylation sites in 325 proteins from five raw data. These identified sites exhibit a high positive rate when evaluated by mutation‐verified SUMOylation sites. We identified many SUMOylated proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism and non‐membrane‐bounded organelles formation. We proposed a SUMOylation motif, ΨKXD/EP, where proline is required for efficient SUMOylation. We further revealed SUMOylation of TFII‐I was stimulated by growth signals and was required for nucleus‐localization of p‐ERK1/2. Mutation of SUMOylation sites of TFII‐I suppressed tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we provided a strategy for personalized identification of wild‐type SUMO1‐modification sites and revealed the physiological significance of TFII‐I SUMOylation in this study.
Trade‐offs in nutrient and sediment losses in tile drainage from no‐till versus conventional conservation‐till cropping systems
Authors: Macrae M. L. , Plach J. M. , Carlow R. , Little C. , Jarvie H. P. , McKague K. , Pluer W. T. , Joosse P.
Published: July 2023

Nutrient and soil loss from agricultural areas impairs surface water quality globally. In the Great Lakes region, increases in the frequency and magnitude of harmful and nuisance algal blooms in freshwater lakes have been linked to elevated phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural fields, some of which are transported via tile drainage. This study examined whether concentrations and loads of P fractions, total suspended sediments (TSS), nitrate (NO3−), and ammonium (NH4+) in tile drainage in a clay soil differed between a continuous no‐till system combining cover crops and surface broadcast fertilizer (no‐till cover crop [NTCC]), and a more conventional tillage system with shallow tillage, fertilizer incorporation and limited use of cover crops (conventional conservation‐till, CT). Both sites had modest soil fertility levels. Year‐round, high‐frequency observations of tile drainage flow and chemistry are described over 4 full water years and related to management practices on the associated fields. There were similar water yields in tile drainage between the two systems; however, losses of TSS, particulate P (PP), and NO3− were consistently greater from the CT site, which received larger quantities of fertilizer. In contrast, dissolved reactive P (DRP) losses were considerably greater from the NTCC site, offsetting the lower PP losses, such that there was little difference in TP losses between sites. Approximately 60% of the DRP losses from the NTCC site over the 4 years were associated with incidental losses following surface application of fertilizer in fall. This study provides insight into trade‐offs in controlling losses of different nutrient fractions using different management systems.
Are the original SARS‐CoV‐2 novel mutants from in vitro culture able to escape the immune response?
Authors: He Jun , Mei Qingmin , Peng Yousong , Xie Jiajia , Li Weiwei , Ding Chengchao , Jiang Chengcheng , Chen Qingqing , Wang Jing , Zhang Yuqing , Ni Shuangshuang , Yu Junling , Liu Tao , Yang Weifei , Gong Lei , Zhang Xiangyu , Yuan Yuan , Zhang Zhuhui , He Lan , He Hongliang , Sun Yong , Wu Jiabing , Liu Zhirong , Gao Yong
Published: July 2023

Monitoring variations in the virus genome to understand the SARS‐CoV‐2 evolution and spread of the virus is extremely important. Seven early SARS‐CoV‐2 isolates in China were cultured in vitro and were analyzed for their viral infectivity through viral growth assay, tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay, spike protein quantification, and next generation sequencing analysis, and the resultant mutations in spike protein were used to generate the corresponding pseudoviruses for analysis of immune escape from vaccination and postinfection immunity. The results revealed that in vitro cultured SARS‐CoV‐2 virus had much higher mutation frequency (up to ~20 times) than that in infected patients, suggesting that SARS‐CoV‐2 diversify under favorable conditions. Monitoring viral mutations is not only helpful for better understanding of virus evolution and virulence change, but also the key to prevent virus transmission and disease progression. Compared with the D614G reference strain, a pseudovirus strain of SARS‐CoV‐2 was constructed with a high mutation rate site on the spike protein. We found some novel spike mutations during in vitro culture, such as E868Q, conferred further immune escape ability.
Supersymmetric Reshaping and Higher‐Dimensional Rearrangement of Photonic Lattices
Authors: Wolterink Tom A. W. , Heinrich Matthias , Szameit Alexander
Published: July 2023

Integrated Jx photonic lattices, inspired by the quantum harmonic oscillator and due to their equidistant eigenvalue spectrum, have proven extremely useful for various applications, such as perfect imaging and coherent transfer of quantum states. However, to date their large‐scale implementation remains challenging. This study applies concepts from supersymmetry (SUSY) to construct two‐dimensional (2D) systems with spectra identical to that of one‐dimensional (1D) Jx lattices. While exhibiting different dynamics, these 2D equivalent systems retain the key imaging and state transfer properties of their 1D Jx counterpart. The method extends to all systems with separable spectra and facilitates experimental fabrication of large‐scale photonic circuits.
Bill to strengthen Medicaid for people with SMI introduced
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: July 2023

Timed precisely on the heels of the 24th anniversary of the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decision in Olmstead v. L.C. to protect the right of people with disabilities to receive services in the most integrated setting appropriate to their needs, bipartisan legislation has been introduced to provide mental health supports for people living with serious mental illnesses (SMIs).
A probabilistic thermal dose model for the estimation of necrosis in MR‐guided tumor ablations
Authors: Schröer Simon , Alpers Julian , Gutberlet Marcel , Brüsch Inga , Rumpel Regina , Wacker Frank , Hensen Bennet , Hansen Christian
Published: July 2023

Background

Monitoring minimally invasive thermo ablation procedures using magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry allows therapy of tumors even close to critical anatomical structures. Unfortunately, intraoperative monitoring remains challenging due to the necessary accuracy and real‐time capability. One reason for this is the statistical error introduced by MR measurement, which causes the prediction of ablation zones to become inaccurate.

Purpose

In this work, we derive a probabilistic model for the prediction of ablation zones during thermal ablation procedures based on the thermal damage model CEM43. By integrating the statistical error caused by MR measurement into the conventional prediction, we hope to reduce the amount of falsely classified voxels.

Methods

The probabilistic CEM43 model is empirically evaluated using a polyacrilamide gel phantom and three in‐vivo pig livers.

Results

The results show a higher accuracy in three out of four data sets, with a relative difference in Sørensen–Dice coefficient from to 3.97% compared to the conventional model. Furthermore, the ablation zones predicted by the probabilistic model show a false positive rate with a relative decrease of 11.89%–30.04% compared to the conventional model.

Conclusion

The presented probabilistic thermal dose model might help to prevent false classification of voxels within ablation zones. This could potentially result in an increased success rate for MR‐guided thermal ablation procedures. Future work may address additional error sources and a follow‐up study in a more realistic clinical context.
Olfactory Dysfunction in Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Payandeh Jennifer Eva , Motamed Mehras , Kirubalingam Keshinisuthan , Chadha Neil K.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Olfactory disorders are well‐studied in the adult population, however, there is a paucity of literature characterizing olfactory dysfunction in pediatric patients. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify known causes of olfactory loss in pediatric populations, clarify the extent of use and validity of smell tests, and summarize current therapies for olfactory loss.

Data Sources

PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science.

Review Methods

Databases were systematically searched in September 2020. Two independent reviewers conducted the title and abstract screen, followed by review of full‐texts for inclusion based on preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Extracted data included study type, age/age‐range of participants, gender, radiological evidence of olfactory dysfunction, types and results of smell tests used, etiology of olfactory loss, and therapies employed for olfactory loss.

Results

A total of 103 articles (n = 1654) were eligible for final data extraction. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test was used most frequently for smell testing (21% of studies). In total, 45 causes of olfactory dysfunction have been elucidated by this study: 22 congenital and 23 acquired. Few therapies were described, and all were specific to the etiology of olfactory loss.

Conclusion

Olfactory dysfunction has a wide range of etiologies in the pediatric population, and clinicians should have a diagnostic algorithm for how to identify a cause should they encounter it in practice. If no etiology can be identified, education around safety should be provided to both the patient and their caregivers.
Dr Byron J. Bailey: The Life and Legacy of an Educator, Humanitarian, and Leader
Authors: Rossi Nicholas A. , George Sachin S. , Pine Harold S.
Published: July 2023

Dr Byron J. Bailey, a preeminent figure in the field of Otolaryngology, exemplified an unwavering commitment to patient care, resident education, research excellence, and humanitarian endeavors throughout his illustrious career. Born in 1934, Dr Bailey played a pivotal role in the growth and success of the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Texas Medical Branch. A dedicated educator and researcher, he authored groundbreaking research and the seminal textbook, Bailey's Head and Neck Surgery—Otolaryngology. His leadership in major organizations and commitment to research integrity and quality are hallmarks of his career. Dr Bailey's philanthropic pursuits include improving Otolaryngology care and access in Vietnam and Cuba, and local community efforts in Galveston, Texas. His enduring legacy continues to inspire future generations of Otolaryngologists, serving as a testament to the power of perseverance and dedication to excellence in the pursuit of medical education.
Comparative analysis of photovoltaic configurations for agrivoltaic systems in Europe
Authors: Ali Khan Niazi Kamran , Victoria Marta
Published: July 2023

Agrivoltaics is the dual use of land by combining agricultural crop production and photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this work, we have analyzed three different agrivoltaic configurations: static with optimal tilt, vertically mounted bifacial, and single‐axis horizontal tracking. A model is developed to calculate the shadowing losses on the PV panels along with the reduced solar irradiation reaching the area under them for different PV capacity densities. First, we investigate the trade‐offs using a location in Denmark as a case study and second, we extrapolate the analysis to the rest of Europe. We find that the vertical and single‐axis tracking produce more uniform irradiance on the ground, and a capacity density of around 30 W/m2 is suitable for agrivoltaic systems. Based on our model and a 100‐m‐resolution land cover database, we calculate the potential for agrivoltaic in every region within the European Union. The potential for agrivoltaic is enormous as the electricity generated by agrivoltaic systems could produce 25 times the current electricity demand in Europe. Overall, the potential capacity for agrivoltaic in Europe is 51 TW, which would result in an electricity yield of 71,500 TWh/year.