bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The crucial role of hydrogen bonding in shaping the structures of zinc-based coordination polymers using tridentate N, N, O donor reduced Schiff base ligands and bridging acetates
Authors: Middya Puspendu , Frontera Antonio , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: April 2024

In this article synthesis, characterization and DFT study of two polynuclear zinc(ii) complexes with reduced Schiff base have been reported.
Detection of intracellular microRNA-21 for cancer diagnosis by a nanosystem containing a ZnO@polydopamine and DNAzyme probe
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Ranran , Zhang Fengxia , Ma Yongshan , Jiang Tianyi
Published: April 2024

The novel nanosystem composed of ZnO@polydopamine nanomaterial and deoxyribozyme probe can be applied for ratiometric fluorescence assay for microRNA-21, which is helpful for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Methods of changing low molecular weight gel properties through gelation kinetics
Authors: Ginesi Rebecca E. , Draper Emily R.
Published: April 2024

The kinetics of gel formation are known to influence the gel properties, however the structures present before gelation are often not discussed or explored. We explore different methods of changing or pre-processing these structures before gelation to change the properties of the final gel.
Experimental and theoretical bulk phase diagram and interfacial tension of ouzo
Authors: Archer Andrew J. , Goddard Benjamin D. , Sibley David N. , Rawlings James T. , Broadhurst Ross , Ouali Fouzia F. , Fairhurst David J.
Published: April 2024

We present a detailed experimental investigation into the phase behaviour of the famous ouzo system including critical point, tie-lines, surface tension and density measurements. We show excellent agreement with a lattice theory for the mixture density profiles and thermodynamics.
From bottom-up to cell surface proteomics: detergents or no detergents, that is the question
Authors: Brough Zora , Zhao Zhiyu , Duong van Hoa Franck
Published: April 2024

Measuring the expression levels of membrane proteins (MPs) is crucial for understanding cell differentiation and tissue specificity, defining disease characteristics, identifying biomarkers, and developing therapeutics. While bottom-up proteomics addresses the need for accurately surveying the membrane proteome, the lower abundance and hydrophobic nature of MPs pose challenges in sample preparation. As MPs normally reside in the lipid bilayer, conventional extraction methods rely on detergents, introducing here a paradox — detergents prevent aggregation and facilitate protein processing, but themselves become contaminants that interfere with downstream analytical applications. Various detergent removal methods exist to mitigate this issue, including filter-aided sample preparation, SP3, suspension trapping, and membrane mimetics. This review delves into the fundamentals of each strategy, applications, merits, and limitations, providing insights into their effectiveness in MP research.
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex: a critical regulator of metabolism
Authors: Church Michael C. , Workman Jerry L.
Published: April 2024

The close relationship between chromatin and metabolism has been well-studied in recent years. Many metabolites have been found to be cofactors used to modify chromatin, and these modifications can in turn affect gene transcription. One chromatin-associated factor responsible for regulating transcription is the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler conserved throughout eukaryotes. SWI/SNF was originally described in yeast as regulating genes involved in carbon source metabolism and mating type switching, and its mammalian counterpart has been extensively studied for its role in diseases such as cancer. The yeast SWI/SNF complex is closely associated with activation of stress response genes, many of which have metabolic functions. It is now recognized that this is a conserved function of the complex, and recent work has shown that mammalian SWI/SNF is also a key regulator of metabolic transcription. Emerging evidence suggests that loss of SWI/SNF introduces vulnerabilities to cells due to this metabolic influence, and that this may present opportunities for treatment of SWI/SNF-deficient cancers.
Research on joint scheduling method of order grading and machine maintenance
Authors: Zeng Wenyu , Li Mingfu , Jiang Ruisen , Huang Ye , Lei Gaopan , Liu Yi
Published: April 2024

In the multi‐variety and large‐scale order production mode, enterprises must balance delivery deadlines and maintain customer satisfaction while also considering the health status of machines. Therefore, the authors propose a method for jointly optimising production scheduling and machine maintenance. Before machine processing, an order value grading and sorting model and a machine health‐status group partitioning model are constructed to classify orders into different production value levels and machines into different health‐status groups, respectively. During machine processing, based on the Weibull distribution theory, a ‘health evaluation function value’ constraint machine preventive maintenance (PM) model and PM strategy are proposed to account for the changing health status of machines; these are integrated with the order allocation machine strategy as decision‐making elements in the production schedule. Finally, two case studies are used to verify the effectiveness of this proposed model and method. The results show that compared to general scheduling schemes, the proposed method can reduce total delay and improve customer satisfaction. Additionally, the PM plan proposed in this method can improve production efficiency and line stability compared to periodic maintenance.
Impact of magnet shape and material on the magnet stress
Authors: Cao Li , Hu Yan , Wang Bohan , Wu Wenkun , Shi Daolong , Zhuo Liang
Published: April 2024

Magnet cracking is a common issue in external rotor motors. To investigate the causes of magnet cracking and propose solutions, the authors consider the effects of magnet shape, magnet and yoke material fit on the motor rotor magnets, perform a static analysis of the motor rotor. The simulation and test results show that the stress distribution of tile‐shaped magnets is better than that of rectangular magnets. The highest safety margin of 56.41% is achieved for the magnet and yoke material fit of DT4/N35(EH). The maximum force of the permanent magnet (PM) exceeds 22.38% of the stress limit when the material fit is DT4/SmCo28, which can lead to cracks in the PM. The results of this paper have important reference significance for the structural design of the external rotor motor and their safe and reliable operation.
Enhancing DC microgrid performance through machine learning‐optimized droop control
Authors: Saeidinia Younes , Arabshahi Mohammadreza , Aminirad Mohammad , Shafie‐khah Miadreza
Published: April 2024

A machine learning‐based optimized droop method is suggested here to simultaneously reduce the production cost (PC) and power line losses (PLL) for a class of direct current (DC) microgrids (MGs). Traditionally, a communication‐less technique known as the hybrid droop method has been employed to decrease PC and PLL in DC MGs. However, achieving the desired reduction in either PC or PLL requires arbitrary adjustments of weighting coefficients for each distributed generator in the conventional hybrid droop method. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a systematic approach that capitalizes on the benefits of artificial intelligence to accurately predict both the PC and PLL in a DC MG. Furthermore, an optimization technique relying on the gradient descendent method is employed to independently optimize both PC and PLL for each scenario. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through a comparative study with classical and hybrid droop coordination schemes under various scenarios such as rapid load changes.
Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images based on dual‐channel attention mechanism
Authors: Jiang Jionghui , Feng Xi'an , Huang Hui
Published: April 2024

Due to the inadequate utilization of data correlation and complementarity in the feature extraction process of multimodal remote sensing images, the paper proposes a deep learning semantic segmentation algorithm based on the Dual Channel Attention Mechanism (DCAM). This algorithm uses U‐Net as the backbone, combining the RGB remote sensing image as one input channel with the Convolutional Block Attention Module to extract colour space features. Simultaneously, it utilizes near‐infrared (NIR) as another input channel with the Self‐Attention Module (SAM) to extract shape space features. Finally, by concatenating the multi‐scale attention features of the RGB remote sensing image channel and the NIR remote sensing image channel, it achieves the correlation and complementarity of contextual features between the two modal remote sensing images. Experimental results on the GID‐15 dataset demonstrate that the DCAM algorithm significantly improves the segmentation accuracy, edge segmentation quality, and object segmentation integrity for various types of targets compared to current mainstream segmentation methods.
Core to ultracompact HII region evolution in the W49A massive protocluster
Authors: Nony T. , Galván-Madrid R. , Brouillet N. , Suárez G. , Louvet F. , De Pree C. G. , Juárez-Gama M. , Ginsburg A. , Immer K. , Lin Y. , Liu H. B. , Román-Zúñiga C. G. , Zhang Q.
Published: April 2024

Aims. We aim to identify and characterize cores in the high-mass protocluster W49A, determine their evolutionary stages, and measure the associated lifetimes.

Methods. We built a catalog of 129 cores extracted from an ALMA 1.3 mm continuum image at 0.26″ (2900 au) angular resolution. The association between cores and hypercompact or ultracompact HII (H/UC HII) regions was established from the analysis of VLA 3.3 cm continuum and H30α line observations. We also looked for emission of hot molecular cores (HMCs) using the methyl formate doublet at 218.29 GHz.

Results. We identified 40 cores associated with an H/UC HII region and 19 HMCs over the ALMA mosaic. The 52 cores with an H/UC HII region and/or an HMC are assumed to be high-mass protostellar cores, while the rest of the core population likely consists of prestellar cores and low-mass protostellar cores. We found a good agreement between the two tracers of ionized gas, with 23 common detections and only four cores detected at 3.3 cm and not in H30α. The spectral indexes from 3.3 cm to 1.3 mm range from 1, for the youngest cores with partially optically thick free-free emission, to about −0.1, which is for the optically thin free-free emission obtained for cores that are likely more evolved.

Conclusions. Using the H/UC HII regions as a reference, we found the statistical lifetimes of the HMC and massive protostellar phases in W49N to be about 6 × 104 yr and 1.4 × 105 yr, respectively. We also showed that HMCs can coexist with H/UC HII regions during a short fraction of the core lifetime, about 2 × 104 yr. This indicates a rapid dispersal of the inner molecule envelope once the HC HII is formed.
Magnetically driven relativistic jet in the high-redshift blazar OH 471
Authors: Guo S. , An T. , Liu Y. , Sotnikova Y. , Volvach A. , Mufakharov T. , Chen L. , Cui L. , Wang A. , Xu Z. , Zhang Y. , Xu W. , Kovalev Y. A. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Kharinov M. , Erkenov A. , Semenova T. , Volvach L.
Published: April 2024

Context. Understanding the mechanisms that launch and shape powerful relativistic jets from supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in high-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is crucial for probing the co-evolution of SMBHs and galaxies over cosmic time.

Aims. We focus on the high-redshift (z = 3.396) blazar OH 471 to explore the jet launching mechanism in the early Universe.

Methods. Using multi-frequency radio monitoring observations and high-resolution Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) imaging over three decades, we studied the milliarcsecond structure and long-term variability of OH 471.

Results. Our spectral modeling of the radio flux densities revealed a synchrotron self-absorbed spectrum, indicating strong magnetic fields within the compact core. By applying the flux freezing approximation, we estimated the magnetic flux carried by the jet. We found that it reaches or exceeds theoretical predictions for jets powered by black hole spin energy via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. This implies that OH 471 is in a magnetically arrested disk (MAD) state, where the magnetic flux accumulated near the horizon regulates the accretion flow, allowing for an efficient extraction of black hole rotational energy.

Conclusions. Our study demonstrates the dominance of MAD accretion in powering the prominent radio flares and relativistic jets observed in the radio-loud AGN named OH 471. Statistical studies of larger samples of high-redshift AGNs will shed light on the role of MAD accretion in launching and accelerating the earliest relativistic jets.
Current state and approaches to automation of central heating stations at industrial enterprises
Authors: Gorobchenko Stanislav , Kovalev Dmitriy , Ilyasov Talgat , Akhmetshin Stanislav , Teppoev Aleksey , Meshkov Sergey
Published: April 2024

The paper examines the problems of forming technical requirements for the automation of central heating points of fuel and energy complex enterprises. The main technological schemes that are subject to automation are considered, the basic requirements for the installation of technical automation equipment are shown, the basic requirements are identified based on modern concepts for constructing automated control systems, and the main adjustable and controlled parameters of the central heating station for the main application in State Unitary Enterprise “Fuel and Energy Complex” are clarified.
Improving the approach to assessing and rationing the effects of heat flow in a fire on the human body
Authors: Kolesnikov Eugeny Yu. , Sergeeva Margarita D. , Byzov Anton P. , Norov Begmat Kh.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to improve the method of assessing the risk of damage from exposure to heat flow in accidents with the combustion of hydrocarbons. Modern methods of calculating fire risk values used in Russia are largely based on methods developed by foreign colleagues. However, there are a number of points that are not taken into account in any guide. In the course of the study, it is advisable to conduct an experiment, the results of which will determine the dependence of the degree of damage to living tissues on the intensity and time of exposure to radiation. This dependence is the basis for a mathematical model of human damage by waves of any spectrum, including radiation during the combustion of hydrocarbons. The results of mathematical modeling will be the basis for the development of an approach to the assessment of individual fire risk indicators, the normalization of human thermal injury with varying exposure duration and intensity of thermal radiation.
Influence of the nature of solvents on the spectroscopic properties of some vanadyl complexes
Authors: Bekov Ulugbek , Sharipov Mirzo , Raupova Iroda , Fayzieva Zarifa , Olimpur Firdavs
Published: April 2024

The article presents a study of the influence of the nature of chemical solvents on the spectroscopic properties of vanadyl complexes. These compounds are used as biologically active analytical reagents and catalysts. Vanadyl (II) complexes were structured according to a typical procedure. To determine the spectral and luminescent properties of the synthesized organic compounds, dimethyl sulfoxide and distilled water were used. The results of the obtained experimental and computational studies show that the compounds under study change their spectral characteristics with the addition of binary solvents.
Analysis of the state of cultivation and harvesting of mung bean and agro-biological requirements for threshing and separating its grain
Authors: Kurbanov Abdimalik , Shomirzaev Makhmatmurod , Tursunov Shokir , Toshbekov Odil , Mukhamadieva Nargiza , Kambarov Bakhridin , Sotivoldiyeva Makhliyo , Fahim Moksemul , Mannobova Sayyora
Published: April 2024

Mung bean is one of the most important leguminous crops, and due to the increased demand in the market and the low demand for water in its cultivation, the area of Moss cultivation is expanding in Uzbekistan. Today, the area where mung bean is grown is more than 300 thousand hectares. With the increase in the area where mung bean is grown, the demand for the equipment used in harvesting it is also increasing. This creates the need to develop and introduce new technical means for mung bean harvesting. If we take into account that high-quality grain is obtained when mung is first harvested, dried, and then threshed, farmers and farms in our republic can thresh the mung crop without excessive mechanical impact on the mass to be threshed without damaging it. It is recommended to use a device that receives. In this case, the completeness of crushing and separating the grain should be at least 99%, the purity of the grain should be at least 96%, and the damage and destruction of the grain should not be more than 2%. For this purpose, it is desirable that the device has a combination of crushing and separation devices.
Application of geoinformation systems in the agricultural complex
Authors: Nasritdinova Umida , Sultonov Xaitboy , Muratov Husan , Ankabaev Rahim , Ismatov Ulfat , Abdumajitov Avazjon
Published: April 2024

Precision farming, encompassing coordinated farming, adaptive landscape farming, and precision farming, represents a scientific paradigm in agricultural production that capitalizes on the inherent variability in soil fertility within localized areas. By tailoring practices to specific soil characteristics, precision farming optimizes profitability through the targeted application of fertilizers and plant protection products. Serving as the epitome of flexible landscape farming, precision farming integrates advanced agricultural technologies to achieve heightened productivity levels. Data collected through precision farming practices informs critical aspects of agricultural management, including strategic planting, precise calculation of input quantities, improved crop forecasting, and enhanced financial planning. Successful implementation of precision farming hinges on a thorough consideration of local soil attributes and climatic conditions, underscoring the importance of site-specific adaptation in modern agricultural strategies.
Investigation of the complex granulometric composition of suspended particles in seawater
Authors: Kirichenko Konstantin , Parshin Sergey , Volkova Vladislava , Chaika Vladimir , Chernousov Vladimir , Masyutin Alexander , Gridasov Alexander , Pogodaev Anton , Kalinin Yuri , Kholodov Aleksey , Fatkulin Anvir , Lushpei Valery , Golokhvast Kirill
Published: April 2024

The material for our study was collected at the Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay, Sea of Japan and studied at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great. The main indicators of the genesis of marine sediments are the complex granulometric composition of suspended particles. However, their study has not been widely used in marine oceanology research. The purpose of this work is to study, using the Analysette 22 NanoTec plus (Fritsch) laser particle analyzer, the granulometric composition of suspended particles formed during underwater welding and cutting using welding wire. The presence of microsized particles, which are extremely dangerous for human and animal health, is shown. According to the results of the study, it is shown that during underwater welding, particles with a diameter of less than 10 microns occur in fractions from 30 to 60%. This level of pollution can have a negative toxicological effect on representatives of aquatic organisms of marine ecosystems.
Energy balance of a wheeled vehicle with an electromechanical transmission
Authors: Dobretsov Roman , Vasilev Igor , Karnaukhov Andrey , Ivanov Aleksandr , Zyryanov Vladimir , Akhmadiev Almaz , Taraban Maria
Published: April 2024

For modern urban infrastructure, the use of trackless electric vehicles for transporting goods and passengers is relevant. The environmental aspect also plays an important role - the absence of exhaust gas emissions and the redistribution of environmental load between the regions of operation and production and disposal of vehicles and electrical energy. However, in many cases, laying wire lines is difficult, and in large cities, due to large traffic flows, the maneuverability of machines connected to the overhead wire is significantly limited. To ensure the energy autonomy of a transport vehicle for at least a working day, the installation of heavy and expensive batteries that take up large volumes is required. The purpose of the study is to reduce the capacity requirement of the on-board power supply by using the principle of palliative charging. The article discusses the concepts that provide such an approach. The main task is to build an energy balance for a vehicle with an electromechanical transmission used for passenger transportation in an urban environment. The assumptions necessary for constructing the methodology are given. When compiling the driving cycle, the requirements of the standard for organizing transportation by electric vehicles are used.
Renewable energy and agriculture: Developing a common language for technological integration
Authors: Saidivaliyeva B. S. , Khalikova L.O.
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the agricultural sector has recognized the importance of renewable energy for its sustainable development. This shift is driven by the need to address global challenges such as climate change, energy security, and rising costs of traditional energy sources. Renewable energy, including solar, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable sources, offers a promising solution while enhancing agricultural practices’ resilience and efficiency. The integration of renewable energy in agriculture serves multiple purposes. It provides farmers with cleaner, more sustainable, and cost-effective energy sources. For example, solar energy can power irrigation systems, reducing reliance on diesel pumps, and wind energy can support on-farm operations. Bioenergy derived from agricultural waste not only offers a renewable energy source but also helps manage waste.This article explores the application of Cross-Disciplinary Semantic Mapping in Renewable Energy and Agriculture. It analyzes key terms and concepts in both sectors and their semantic overlaps and divergences, highlighting the importance of linguistic nuances in interdisciplinary communication and collaboration.
Variability ofTilia cordataMill. by a complex of morphological and phenological features as a measure of environmental quality
Authors: Turmukhametova Nina , Turmukhametov Denis
Published: April 2024

The article presents the findings from a long-term study on the environmental quality of the city of Yoshkar-Ola, Russia, based on an analysis of the intra-population diversity ofTilia cordataMill. according to morphological and phenological indicators.Tilia cordataTrees have been studied at different stages of their ontogenesis, during the generative phase. The selected ecotopes differed in the degree of anthropogenic load – pollution from motor vehicles and industrial businesses. Heterogeneity of the ontogenetic groups ofTilia cordatawas established by morphological and phenological features using principal component analysis. The linear size has decreased, and the leaves’ area has shown a reduction, while damage to leaves caused by atmospheric toxicants has increased in the context of urban pollution. The index of fluctuating leaf asymmetry does not differ in trees from different ecotopes. The most informative indicators of the environmental state inT. cordataspecimens are morphometric - the size and number of structural components of buds and stems, and phenological - the timing and duration of phenophases. The medium-aged generative trees ofT. cordataare the most sensitive to environmental pollution.
Clinical Efficacy of Bisphosphonates in Treating Osteoporosis in
Diabetes Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Yuan-Xun , Jin Yan
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to explore the clinical efficacy of bisphosphonates in
patients with osteoporosis in diabetes patients by meta-analysis. Six databases
were systematically searched from inception to January 30,2023. Studies
evaluating the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis with bisphosphonates were
included. Key outcome measures, such as bone mineral density (BMD), bone
metabolism markers, pain improvement, and safety assessments, were extracted and
analyzed. STATA MP V17.0 was used to calculate the combined effect size. After
searching Chinese and English databases, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria
of this study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the BMD of patients
with osteoporosis in diabetes increased significantly after bisphosphonate
treatment, and the lumbar BMD increased by 0.08 g/cm² (95% CI: 0.05–0.11).
Femoral neck BMD increased by 0.06 g/cm² (95% CI: 0.01–0.11); Ward’s triangle
BMD increased 0.07 g/cm² (95% CI: 0.04–0.09); and trochanter BMD increased by
0.06 g/cm² (95% CI: 0.04–0.08). In addition, bone alkaline phosphatase increased
1.95 μg/l (95% CI: 1.18–2.72), while serum tartrate-resistant acid
phosphatase-5b decreased 1.28 U/l (95% CI: –1.81–0.75). Moreover, improvements
in pain were statistically significant. The effects of bisphosphonates on
osteocalcin (MD: –0.07; 95% CI: –1.12–1.25), serum calcium (MD: 0.01; 95% CI:
–0.03–0.04), serum phosphorus (MD: 0.04; 95% CI: –0.03–0.10) and medication
safety (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.29–2.37) were not statistically significant.
Bisphosphonates have a significant positive effect on bone mineral density and
bone metabolism in patients with osteoporosis in diabetes and have good
safety.
Entwicklung zweier Fragebögen zum Krankheitswissen und Umgang mit der Erkrankung für Patienten mit chronisch-obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD)
Authors: Fischer Carolina , Fischer Rainald , Kirsten Anne-Marie , Holle Rolf , Klütsch Klaus , Stoleriu Cosmina , Göres Ralf , Schultz Konrad , Kahnert Kathrin , Alter Peter , Nowak Dennis , Jörres Rudolf
Published: April 2024

Einleitung Wie bei anderen chronischen Erkrankungen ist auch bei der chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD) zu erwarten, dass der Verlauf positiv beeinflusst wird, wenn die Patienten gut über ihre Erkrankung informiert sind und angemessen damit umgehen. Hierbei dürfte eine vergleichbare Einschätzung des Wissensstands und Umgangs von strukturierten, systematisch entwickelten Fragebögen profitieren, die allerdings bislang in Deutschland nicht publiziert sind.

Methoden Zur Entwicklung der Fragebögen wurden insgesamt 310 Patienten mit COPD in drei pneumologischen Praxen und einer Klinik rekrutiert. Basierend auf statistischen Kriterien und inhaltlichen Bewertungen durch Fachärzte wurden durch Auswahl und Modifikation aus publizierten Studien und Schulungsunterlagen jeweils zwei Fragebögen zum Wissen (17 Fragen) bzw. Umgang (25 Fragen) erstellt. Aus diesen Fragebögen wurden darüber hinaus zwei kurze Versionen mit 5 bzw. 3 Fragen erstellt, um eine extrem schnelle Einschätzung des Wissens und des Umgangs der Patienten zu ermöglichen. Alle Fragebögen beinhalteten außerdem eine visuelle Analogskala zur Selbsteinschätzung von Wissen und Umgang. Als statistische Verfahren zur systematisch geleiteten Auswahl wurden Korrelations- und Regressionsanalysen eingesetzt.

Ergebnisse Die Fragebögen zeigten teils erhebliche Wissensdefizite und v.a. ein unsystematisches, wenig zusammenhängendes Wissen. Der Umfang dieses Wissens war mit dem Lebensalter negativ und mit der Teilnahme an Schulungen positiv korreliert. Dies galt ebenfalls für den Umgang mit der Erkrankung. Auch der Zusammenhang der Antworten auf die Wissensfragen profitierte von der Teilnahme an Schulungen. In jedem Fall korrelierten die visuellen Analogskalen der Selbsteinschätzung von Wissen und Umgang mit den Gesamtpunktzahlen korrekter Antworten.

Diskussion Die Fragebögen zu Wissen und Umgang mit der COPD könnten u.a. im ambulanten Bereich eingesetzt werden, gegebenenfalls auch durch nicht-ärztliches Personal, um Defizite rasch zu erkennen und zu beheben oder als Anlass zu nehmen, eine Schulung zu empfehlen. Die Kurzversionen sowie die Analogskalen der Selbsteinschätzung erlauben zumindest eine orientierende Einschätzung. Möglicherweise sollten Schulungen mehr darauf abzielen, den Zusammenhang des Wissens durch besseres Verständnis zu fördern, da dies vermutlich das Memorieren begünstigt. Hierbei erscheinen ältere Patienten und solche mit geringem Bildungsstand auf sie angepasster Schulungen besonders bedürftig.
Highly Efficient and Practical Oxidative Bromination of Electron-Rich Arenes Using S-Methyl Methanethiosulfonate as the Oxidant
Authors: Li Xun , Wang Shaolong , Zhou Yong , Wang Jianbo , Li Ruolan , Huang Chaoqun , Pang Huailin
Published: April 2024

An efficient and practical method for the bromination of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes was developed by using S-methyl methanethiosulfonate as the oxidant. All the bromine atoms were basically transferred to the brominated products, demonstrating the exceptional atom economy and practicality of the proposed protocol. The method reduces the amount of bromine required for this reaction system and obtains products in moderate to good yields.
Intranasal Glioma with Post-Endoscopic Resection in 1 Year Old Infant: Case Report and Literature Review*
Authors: De Lucca Maria Eduarda Turczyn , Antunes Leonardo Cesar Ferreira , Maffini Jhulia Farinha , de Alencar Guilherme dos Santos , Munhos Sue Hellen de Oliveira , de Morais Rodrigo Leite , Barcelos Carlos Eliseu , Torres Rosângela Stadnick Lauth de Almeida
Published: April 2024

Introduction Nasal gliomas - or nasal glial heterotopias - are rare congenital malformations, which correspond to 5% of the congenital nasal masses. It is a mass composed of mature glial tissue that can be located outside, inside or near the nasal region, and may or may not be connected to the brain by a fibrous pedicle. This report addresses a case of nasal glioma that suffered recurrence after endoscopic treatment.

Case Report A 1-year-old boy has, since birth, a mass inside the left nostril, which obstructs and widens the bridge of the nose. Upon physical examination, it is observed that the mass does not increase in size with crying and presents negative transluminescence and Furstenberg test. Upon being biopsied, the lesion reveals malignancy and the presence of inflammatory cells. MRI ruled out communication with intracranial structures. The endoscopic resection of the heterotopia removed a mass of 3,0 × 2,5 × 1,7 cm, whose histological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed glial pattern cell proliferation in the nasal mucosa.

Conclusion Considering that nasal glial heterotopy is frequently present at birth, and that newborns breathe predominantly through this route, early diagnosis of the lesion is of great importance, as it can cause signs and symptoms of respiratory distress. In addition, it is worth noting that the early approach also prevents bone deformities.
Pediatric Facial Burn Reconstruction
Authors: Moon Tina , Driscoll Daniel N.
Published: April 2024

Contrary to prior pediatric burn treatment philosophies, we now know that early burn excision and grafting for non life-threatening burns can compromise future reconstruction. Extensive scar excision should be minimized and scar rehabilitation maximized, as secondary iatrogenic deformities can become even more difficult to fix. Scar remodeling with local tissue rearrangement can relieve tension and soften scars over time. The majority of facial burns often only involve skin and can be adequately treated without the need for complex flap reconstruction. Facial burn scars are a different problem than facial burn scar contracture. The former needs scar rehabilitation, whereas the latter needs the addition of skin. Laser therapy has transformed the treatment of burn scars and is an incredibly valuable adjunct to local tissue rearrangement and grafting. The most favorable functional, aesthetic, and psychological outcomes require a long-term multidisciplinary effort and customized protocol utilizing the vast armamentarium of reconstructive tools described below.
Active Tuberculosis Risk Associated with Malignancies: A 4-Year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Roy Priyamvada , Bala Kiran , Biswas Jaya , Ahmed Javed , Bir Raunak , Yadav Vishwanath , Xess Ashit , Kumari Sanjana , Malik Prabhat Singh , Deo S. V. S. , Batra Atul , Sharma Atul , Singh Urvashi B.
Published: April 2024

Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem worldwide. Risk of acquiring TB in patients diagnosed with cancers remains high and can result due to reactivation or reinfection. We share the experience in a large tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods Clinical samples from presumptive TB patients while on cancer therapy were tested by smear Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining, GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Gx), TB polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and liquid culture (MGIT 960) from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022.

Statistical Analysis Stata 14.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The p-value calculation was done by Pearson's chi-square test.

Results Of 906 patients investigated, 42 (4.64%) tested positive for TB. Seven (1.37%) tested positive by ZN staining, 10 patients (6%) had culture positive by MGIT, 20 (10.53%) and 5 (13.51%) samples were positive by Gx and PCR, respectively. Maximum number of TB-positive patients were found to be suffering from carcinoma lung (28%) followed by leukemia (25%), gastrointestinal cancer (13%), and genitourinary cancer (13%), respectively. Seven of the 42 patients succumbed to the disease; the cases belonged to Hodgkin's lymphoma (75% mortality), leukemia (30% mortality), and genitourinary cancer (20% mortality).

Conclusion The incidence of active TB is high in cancer patients, especially lung cancer, leukemia, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary cancers. Mortality was high in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients who developed TB. Screening for TB at the time of diagnosis of a high TB risk cancer would help initiate early treatment. We recommend targeted screening for TB in patients with these high-risk cancers, at the time of diagnosis and periodically through cancer treatment.
Enablers and disablers for contactless payment acceptance among Malaysian adults
Authors: Balakrishnan Vimala , Eesan Meesha Lini
Published: April 2024

While a body of knowledge on contactless payment acceptance exists, a comprehensive understanding of the core motivations underpinning such acceptance, particularly in developing countries, is lacking in the literature. This study identified the predictors for contactless payment acceptance in Malaysia by constructing a Contactless Payment Acceptance model using the Technology Readiness Index 2.0 and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 models. Employing a cross-sectional research design, this study utilized survey research as its primary method, administered self-reporting questionnaires through online channels, and garnered 434 valid responses. Structured Equation Modeling identified perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, lack of awareness, and discomfort as the most influential factors affecting customers’ acceptance of contactless payment systems, with an R-squared value of 71.2%. These results have implications for service providers and can guide future research endeavors, thus facilitating the development and implementation of effective strategies to encourage wider adoption of contactless payment systems among individuals in developing countries.
Hardness of single phase high entropy carbide ceramics with different compositions
Authors: Brune Paul M. , Hilmas Gregory E. , Fahrenholtz William G. , Watts Jeremy L. , Ryan Caillin J. , DeSalle Chris M. , Wolfe Douglas E. , Curtarolo Stefano
Published: April 2024

Five high entropy carbide ceramics, (Hf0.2,Nb0.2,Ta0.2,Ti0.2,Zr0.2)C, (Cr0.2,Hf0.2,Ta0.2,Ti0.2,Zr0.2)C, (Hf0.2,Mo0.2,Ta0.2,Ti0.2,Zr0.2)C, (Hf0.2,Ta0.2,Ti0.2,W0.2,Zr0.2)C, and (Hf0.2,Mo0.2,Ti0.2,W0.2,Zr0.2)C, were synthesized by carbothermal reduction of oxides and direct current sintering. The five high entropy carbide ceramics were determined to be nominally phase-pure with relative densities of more than 98.9% and mean grain sizes of less than 5 μm. Average Vickers hardness values ranged from 19.2 ± 0.4 GPa for (Hf0.2,Nb0.2,Ta0.2,Ti0.2,Zr0.2)C at a load of 2 kgf to 43.5 ± 0.4 GPa for (Hf0.2,Mo0.2,Ti0.2,W0.2,Zr0.2)C at a load of 0.05 kgf. Hardness generally increased with increasing the valence electron concentration and strain as measured by the Williamson–Hall analysis. However, neither correlation was conclusive enough to be a clear indicator of hardness. Instead, it was determined that a combination of effects that includes the valence electron concentration, lattice strain, and grain size all contribute to the hardness of high entropy carbide ceramics.
Quantum transport regimes in quartic dispersion materials with Anderson disorder
Authors: Polat Mustafa , Özkan Hazan , Sevinçli Hâldun
Published: April 2024

Mexican-hat-shaped quartic dispersion manifests itself in certain families of single-layer two-dimensional hexagonal crystals such as compounds of groups III–VI and groups IV–V as well as elemental crystals of group V. A quartic band forms the valence band edge in various of these structures, and some of the experimentally confirmed structures are GaS, GaSe, InSe, SnSb, and blue phosphorene. Here, we numerically investigate strictly one-dimensional and quasi-one dimensional (Q1D) systems with quartic dispersion and systematically study the effects of Anderson disorder on their transport properties with the help of a minimal tight-binding model and Landauer formalism. We compare the analytical expression for the scaling function with simulation data to distinguish the domains of diffusion and localization regimes. In one dimension, it is shown that conductance drops dramatically at the quartic band edge compared to the quadratic case. As for the Q1D nanoribbons, a set of singularities emerge close to the band edge, suppressing conductance and leading to short mean-free-paths and localization lengths. Interestingly, wider nanoribbons can have shorter mean-free-paths because of denser singularities. However, the localization lengths sometimes follow different trends. Our results display the peculiar effects of quartic dispersion on transport in disordered systems.
Levitons in correlated nano-scale systems
Authors: Ronetti F. , Bertin-Johannet B. , Popoff A. , Rech J. , Jonckheere T. , Grémaud B. , Raymond L. , Martin T.
Published: April 2024

In this short review (written to celebrate David Campbell’s 80th birthday), we provide a theoretical description of quantum transport in nanoscale systems in the presence of single-electron excitations generated by Lorentzian voltage drives, termed Levitons. These excitations allow us to realize the analog of quantum optics experiments using electrons instead of photons. Importantly, electrons in condensed matter systems are strongly affected by the presence of different types of non-trivial correlations, with no counterpart in the domain of photonic quantum optics. After providing a short introduction about Levitons in non-interacting systems, we focus on how they operate in the presence of two types of strong electronic correlations in nanoscale systems, such as those arising in the fractional quantum Hall effect or in superconducting systems. Specifically, we consider Levitons in a quantum Hall bar of the fractional quantum Hall effect, pinched by a quantum point contact, where anyons with fractional charge and statistics tunnel between opposite edges. In this case, a Leviton–Leviton interaction can be induced by the strongly correlated background. Concerning the effect of superconducting correlations on Levitons, we show that, in a normal metal system coupled to BCS superconductors, half-integer Levitons minimize the excess noise in the Andreev regime. Interestingly, energy-entangled electron states can be realized on-demand in this type of hybrid setup by exploiting crossed Andreev reflection. The results exposed in this review have potential applications in the context of quantum information and computation with single-electron flying qubits.
Direct numerical simulations of suspension of disk-shaped particles
Authors: Hamid Adnan , Shakaib Muhammad , Molina John J. , Qasim M. Danyal , Fareed Bilal , Uzair Muhammad , Yamamoto Ryoichi
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the dynamics of disk-shaped particles using direct numerical simulations with the smoothed profile method for rigid particles. These disk-shaped particles are formed by joining the spherical beads and are allowed to settle/sediment in a Newtonian fluid. The concentration effects of the mono-dispersed particles are studied in the Stokes regime, varying the volume fraction (ϕ) from 0.0003 to 0.1. Strong inhomogeneities in the system were noticed, producing multiple peaks in the radial distribution function caused by the orientation preference of particles, while settling. A histogram analysis of the particles' orientation angle suggests that particles prefer horizontal orientation at very low volume fractions and then start orienting vertically with subsequent increase in the volume fraction. Average settling velocity increases initially till volume fraction 0.001, creating a local maxima, and then decreases monotonically following the Richardson–Zaki law. It was also found that velocity fluctuations increased with increasing volume fraction, following the ϕ1/3 trend. These fluctuations are smaller than those of rod-like particles and larger than spherical particles, though the qualitative trend is quite similar.
A theoretical study on the bulk viscosity in a compressible flow of an electrically conducting gas in the presence of magnetoacoustic waves
Authors: Cunha Francisco Ricardo , da Silva Inácio Leonardo Afonso
Published: April 2024

Only a few studies in the current literature are dedicated to the analysis of the effect of a bulk viscosity (i.e., second viscosity coefficient), and little is known about how to determine this quantity for high frequency compressible flows involving magnetic effect. The dissipation phenomenon associated with rapid expansions in the flow and the consequent attenuation of magnetoacoustic waves by the bulk viscosity has been neglected by several works on gas dynamics at high frequency. In this paper, we present a theoretical study on a compressible flow of an electrically conducting barotropic gas in the presence of a bulk viscosity. The governing equations represent a coupling between hydrodynamics and Maxwell's equations in the context of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and the relevant physical parameters of the flow are presented after an appropriate dimensional analysis of these equations. First, an analysis of small perturbations around an equilibrium state of the electrically conducting gas results in a system of linearized equations in the frequency-wavenumber space. The dispersion relation for magnetic waves is determined in terms of magnetic and the bulk viscosity effects. Second, based on the dispersion relation for magnetoacoustic waves, we propose a new expression to estimate the bulk viscosity in terms of the gas barotropic coefficient, the wavenumber, the wave frequency, the orientation of the applied field, and the Euler magnetic parameter, which measures the relative importance between magnetic and thermodynamic pressures. The behavior of the bulk viscosity is examined as a function of the wavenumber for different magnetic Euler numbers and field orientation, revealing how the rate of energy dissipation associated with the bulk viscosity can be controlled by varying the intensity of an applied magnetic field and its orientation. We show that understanding magnetoacoustic waves not only provides a tool for estimating the bulk viscosity in plasma flows in terms of these wave parameters, but also offers a potential pathway to manipulating both the magnitude and orientation of a magnetic field in order to reduce the rate of energy dissipation in most of plasma flows. This rate of dissipation produced by the rapid expansion of a recombining gas can be orders of magnitude larger than the one produced by the standard shear viscosity. These insights into bulk viscosity in compressible MHD flow at high frequency have potential applications in reacting plasmas where magnetoacoustic waves are damped by bulk viscosity, in production and dissipation of turbulence and in phenomenon of sonoluminescence as occurs in liquid containing gas bubble oscillating at fairly high frequency.
Nonlinear theory of the modulational instability at the ion–ion hybrid frequency and collapse of ion–ion hybrid waves in two-ion plasmas
Authors: Lashkin Volodymyr M.
Published: April 2024

We study the dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear ion–ion hybrid waves propagating perpendicular to an external magnetic field in plasmas with two ion species. We derive nonlinear equations for the envelope of electrostatic potential at the ion–ion hybrid frequency to describe the interaction of ion–ion hybrid waves with low-frequency acoustic-type disturbances. The resulting nonlinear equations also take into account the contribution of the second harmonics of the ion–ion hybrid frequency. A nonlinear dispersion relation is obtained, and, for a number of particular cases, modulational instability growth rates are found. By neglecting the contribution of second harmonics, the phenomenon of the collapse of ion–ion hybrid waves is predicted. It is shown that taking into account the interaction with the second harmonic results in the existence of a stable two-dimensional soliton.
On thermal stability of Fröhlich polarons in bulk and nano-structured polar solids I: Klemens channel formalism and two-phonon DOS
Authors: Ligatchev Valeri
Published: April 2024

The “Klemens channel” formalism is commonly used in interpretations of experimental results on the lifetime of longitudinal optic (LO) phonons and Fröhlich polarons (FPs) in polar bulk, polycrystalline, and nanostructured solids. Here, in Paper I of this bipartite article, the two-particle vibrational DOS function(s) for spatially confined longitudinal acoustic and LO phonons is implemented at evaluation on FP decay probability via the “Klemens channel” and its lifetime for the case of FPs confined within InAs quantum dots. This approach yields a convincing elucidation of the earlier experimental data. An alternative model based on the idea of diabatic thermally activated excitation of FP charge carriers and consecutive lattice “depolarization” will be discussed in detail and implemented at simulations on FP lifetime in Paper II [V. Ligatchev, “On thermal stability of Fröhlich polarons in bulk and nano-structured polar solids II: Diabatic ionization and depolarization,” AIP Adv. 14, (2024)].