bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JAVNO-PRIVATNO PARTNERSTVO U HRVATSKOJ – STAVOVI STUDENATA
Authors:   Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Bogovac Jasna , Rogić Lugarić Tereza , Dodig Domagoj
Published: June 2021

Hrvatska se nalazi u nezavidnom gospodarskom položaju i nije atraktivna za investitore. Studenti su važan društveni kapital, a cilj je ovog rada utvrditi podržavaju li oni udruživanje javnog i privatnog sektora u upravljanju javnim dobrima te koje elemente tog udruživanja podržavaju kako bi se istražile mogućnosti smanjenja političkog rizika i, u konačnici, poticanja gospodarskog rasta Hrvatske. Analizirano je 1497 upitnika koje su ispunili studenti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Dubrovniku, a rezultati upućuju na pozitivnu opću percepciju ovih projekata, ali i na strah od mogućeg povećanja korupcije u društvu i prikrivene privatizacije kao posljedica njihove realizacije. Ispitanici uglavnom smatraju da privatni sektor pridonosi partnerstvu svojom konkurentnošću i inovativnošću te da bolje upravlja infrastrukturom od javnog sektora. Kao najvažnije izvore informacija o ovoj temi, studenti navode internet i televiziju. Većina studenata smatra da je ove modele moguće uspješno realizirati u inozemstvu, ali ne i u Hrvatskoj.
Aprendamos todos a leer: Guía del estudiante: Segundo grado, segundo semestre: Unidades 4, 5 y 6
Authors: Márquez de Arboleda Ángela , Osuna Arciniegas Mariana , Jiménez Cardona Martha Liliana , Pérez Niño Lina , Cárdenas Poveda Elizabeth , González Camacho Camilo Andrés , Irigoyen Juan Carlos
Published: June 2021

“Aprendamos todos a leer” es un programa para la enseñanza del lenguaje en la básica primaria. En preescolar y primer grado, la enseñanza explícita de la lectura y la escritura se enfoca en el desarrollo y consolidación de las habilidades precursoras en la etapa inicial, como son: la conciencia fonológica, el principio alfabético, la adquisición de vocabulario nuevo, la comprensión oral y de lectura y la escritura de letras, palabras y oraciones. En segundo grado los materiales, recursos y tareas de aula están encaminadas a la consolidación de las habilidades precursoras y al trabajo enmarcado en los DBA (Derechos Básicos del Aprendizaje) y las tipologías textuales. Las actividades en equipo, en pares, de manera individual y con el docente le permiten al estudiante ejercitar las habilidades que aseguran aprendizajes perdurables. Esta guía hace parte del material diseñado para el uso por parte de los estudiantes durante el segundo semestre escolar (unidades 4,5,6).
Parámetros focales del terremoto del 28 de abril de 1894 en los Andes venezolanos usando datos macrosísmicos
Authors: Salcedo-Hurtado Elkin de J. , Audemard Franck A. , García-Millán Nathalie
Published: June 2021

El terremoto del 28 de abril de 1894 ocurrido en los Andes venezolanos es uno de los más destructores del siglo XIX en este país. Dejó grandes daños materiales y pérdidas humanas en diversas poblaciones vecinas a la frontera entre Colombia y Venezuela. En la zona epicentral causó grandes grietas, dislocaciones en el terreno y eyecciones de lodo, petróleo y gases. Varios estudios paleosismológicos, históricos y sismológicos se han publicado con información sobre los efectos causados e interpretaciones macrosísmicas de sus parámetros focales. En el presente trabajo se utilizaron datos extraídos de la exploración de un mapa de isosista publicado anteriormente para determinar los principales parámetros focales del terremoto. Los resultados obtenidos ubican el epicentro local (El) en las coordenadas geográficas ϕ = 8,55°N y λ = -71,72°W, y el normal (En) en ϕ = 8,56°N y λ = -71,51°W. La profundidad normal hn = 18,24±1,66 km, y el foco local hl = 8,8±2,23 km; la magnitud de Richter y la energía sísmica liberada corresponden a Ml = 7,3 y E = 1,58*1023 ergios, respectivamente. Se determinó el momento sísmico escalar M0 = 3,16*1027 dinascm y la magnitud de momento sísmico Mw = 7,6. La magnitud de ondas superficiales fue Ms = 6,6 y también se obtuvo la aceleración sísmica, a = 0,69 g. Los parámetros obtenidos son compatibles con los publicados por otros autores y se aporta nueva información que permite alimentar los catálogos sismológicos.
Instalação artístico pedagógica como instrumento de construção do conhecimento sobre Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANC)
Authors: Souza Maria Regina de Miranda , Pereira Rafael Gustavo Faria , Pinto Cláudia Lúcia de Oliveira , Donzeles Sérgio Maurício Lopes , Fonseca Maira Christina Marques , Barbosa Ivan de Paiva , Oliveira Juliana Andrade Faria de
Published: June 2021

As Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANC), ricas em nutrientes e de fácil cultivo, apresentam potencial para a melhoria da alimentação da população; no entanto são negligenciadas, sendo necessário promover seu resgate e disseminação. Assim, criou-se o Projeto “Feira com Ciência: Produção, Consumo e Comercialização de Alimentos e Produtos da Tradição Popular, e utilizou-se a Instalação Artístico Pedagógica (IAP), uma dinâmica de grupo fundamentada na utilização de elementos representativos de determinado tema para estimular a reflexão e o debate. Objetivou-se relatar e analisar a IAP denominada “PANC – Biodiversidade Agroalimentar” como instrumento de construção de conhecimento. Fizeram-se observações com base em roteiro pré-elaborado, a sistematização e análise de discurso. A IAP foi realizada no evento Troca de Saberes na Universidade Federal de Viçosa e em escolas em Viçosa, Araponga e Ervália, Minas Gerais, com o envolvimento de agricultores familiares, estudantes e pesquisadores. Foram expostos os elementos: tarjetas, vasos, sementes, mudas, plantas e publicações sobre PANC e agroecologia e compartilharam-se informações com base no conhecimento científico e nas experiências dos participantes. Houve um debate envolvente, com críticas contundentes ao sistema agroalimentar atual, evidenciando-se o importante papel das PANC para mudanças. A maioria dos participantes demonstrou interesse pelo consumo, produção e difusão das PANC. Pôde-se concluir que a IAP é um instrumento eficaz de construção do conhecimento sobre PANC e sua disseminação.
Emissions of a Euro 5 Motorcycle over the world harmonized motorcycle test cycle (WMTC)
Authors: Giechaskiel Barouch , Melas Anastasios
Published: June 2021

The Euro 5 limits for L-category vehicles are applicable since 2020 and for this reason there is lack of studies examining the emissions of this category. In this study we tested a 1000 cm3 Euro 5 motorcycle over the World Harmonised Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC). The gaseous pollutants were approximately half of their respective limits. The cold start (first 2 minutes) contributed to the majority of the emissions. The solid particle number emissions were also 6.5 times below the limit for passenger cars, but the particles not counted with the current methodology were around 2 times higher. High concentrations of volatiles were emitted at the high speed part of the cycle.
Influence of different reciprocating systems on the apical extrusion of debris in flat-oval canals
Authors: Marchiori Monique , Corrêa Arissa Michelle Yamada , Tomazinho Flávia Sens Fagundes , Gabardo Marilisa Carneiro Leão , Mattos Natanael Henrique Ribeiro , Fariniuk Luiz Fernando , Baratto-Filho Flares
Published: June 2021

Aim: To evaluate the apical extrusion of debris in flat-oval canals, using three reciprocating systems at two different working lengths (WL), 0 mm and 1 mm from the apical foramen. Methods: Ninety mandibular incisors were randomly divided into three groups based on the systems: WaveOne Gold #25.07 (WOG), ProDesign R #25.06 (PDR), and X1 Blue #25.06 (X1B). Extruded debris were collected and dried in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. Three consecutive weighings were performed for each tube, and the mean was calculated. If the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance were not met, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the amount of extruded debris between groups with the same WL, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison within groups for each WL. Results: All groups had extruded debris, with higher median values occurring at 1 mm. No significant difference regarding the amount of debris extrusion was observed at 0 mm (p>0.05) and 1 mm (p>0.05) between groups. However, within the groups, at different WL, there was greater extrusion at 1 mm (p<0.05), with PDR differing significantly from the other systems (p<0.05). Conclusion: The extrusion of debris occurred regardless of the group, with higher values at 1 mm. However, using PDR at 1 mm from the apical foramen showed the highest values of extrusion.
Capoeira Angola sob a ótica dos estudos da performance e do ritual
Authors: Tamplenizza Cecilia , Matos Edilene Dias
Published: June 2021

O espaço onde acontece a capoeira angola é chamado roda. Os capoeiristas tocam e cantam em círculo, enquanto uma dupla joga ao centro da roda. Para os capoeiristas, a roda ultrapassa os aspectos físicos e estéticos. Faz acontecer e ensina a vida. A partir desse pressuposto, apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre as contribuições que os estudos da performance, do ritual e das poéticas orais podem oferecer ao entendimento da roda de capoeira como ambiente multidimensional.
Sobre ocupações e deslocamentos ou como organizar fúria e teoria em cena
Authors: Raquel Fernanda , Souza Virginia Laís de
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo propõe um debate a partir de dois trabalhos com importante repercussão na cena teatral desde 2018: Isto é um negro? e Quando quebra queima. São experiências artístico-estético-políticas que trazem ao palco singularidades com potência para compor (outras formas de) comunidade. Performances de corpos muitas vezes invisibilizados, unidos pela vulnerabilidade que se converte em resistência. Em tempos de precariedade absoluta, na arte encontramos brechas para a existência de novos imaginários.
Corpos ausentes e armas fundidas
Authors: Marín Paola , Alzate Gastón
Published: June 2021

Embora existam inúmeras e valiosas manifestações da relação entre memória, arte e violência na Colômbia hoje, aqui nos concentramos em duas práticas que ganharam notoriedade por sua relação com os Acordos de Paz de 2016. Por um lado, as Cantadoras de Pogue, que modificam um ritual afro-descendente e uma tradição musical de caráter funerário para se opor à necropolítica dominante em seu território, principalmente a partir de 2002, quando em uma cidade próxima - Bellavista, Bojayá - um dos maiores massacres de civis na história recente do País; e, por outro lado, o “contra-monumento” em celebração aos Acordos de Paz da reconhecida artista Doris Salcedo, que convidou mulheres vítimas de violência a moldá-lo. Analisaremos como ambas as práticas incorporam a necessidade de enfrentar tanto a necropolítica dominante na Colômbia quanto suas narrativas hegemônicas na esfera pública.
Defender a vida em meio à morte
Authors: Mondragón Rafael
Published: June 2021

Neste texto, relato a experiência de Manuel Amador e do Taller Mujeres, Arte y Política, que, nos últimos dez anos, desenvolveram ações performáticas contra o feminicídio e a violência contra a mulher na Ecatepec e em outros locais da periferia da Cidade do México. Usando observações não estruturadas, notas de diário, entrevistas e registros visuais, reconstruo parte do perfil biográfico que permitiu o surgimento desta oficina, descrevo o espaço pedagógico de onde emergem as performances e reconstruo a lógica de suas ações no espaço público.
A origem das megaexposições internacionais e a arte do Brasil no Reino Unido
Authors: Spricigo Vinicius
Published: June 2021

Após o impacto da exposição Magiciens de la terre (1989) e das mudanças geopolíticas que aconteceram depois do fim da Guerra Fria, as megaexposições periódicas de arte contemporânea, como a documenta de Kassel e a Bienal de São Paulo, têm se engajado num esforço para revelar a existência de “múltiplas modernidades”. Um exemplo notável é a exposição inaugural da Tate Modern, em Londres. Century City (2001) re-inscreveu o neoconcretismo nos cânones da história da arte ocidental e a arte do Brasil nas instituições britânicas. Neste artigo, para compreender esse fenômeno contemporâneo, eu me volto ao passado, olhando para a origem dessas megaexposições no século XIX e o seu o papel na definição de hegemonias construídas historicamente no campo das artes. Analiso, portanto, o caso da Exposição Internacional de 1862, em Londres, por ter sido a primeira a utilizar o modo de representação nacional por países em escala mundial. A partir da documentação consultada na National Art Library do Victoria and Albert Museum, reconstruo a primeira representação artística brasileira em Londres, com ênfase na galeria de pinturas. Por fim, eu argumento que o Império do Brasil buscava atender às expectativas cosmopolitas dos organizadores e do público e, ao mesmo tempo, responder às demandas internas que diziam respeito ao próprio processo de formação de uma arte nacional.
Denegação da história, exportação do mito
Authors: Zacarias Gabriel Ferreira
Published: June 2021

Nesse artigo analisaremos a 13ª edição da documenta de Kassel, realizada em 2012. De maneira inédita, parte da exposição ocorreu fora da Alemanha, com a realização de um seminário e de uma exposição reduzida em Cabul, no Afeganistão. A análise da exposição aqui apresentada pertence a uma pesquisa voltada a problematizar a relação das megaexposições com o contexto de crise global no século XXI, com atenção especial à reorganização da geopolítica mundial com a Guerra ao Terror. Daí nosso interesse particular por essa exposição realizada no Afeganistão, poucos anos após a invasão militar norte-americana. Analisaremos o discurso curatorial de Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, diretora artística desta edição, momentos da recepção, e trabalhos de artistas que expuseram tanto em Kassel quanto em Cabul – apoiando-nos para tanto nos catálogos e em materiais do documenta archiv de Kassel. Procuraremos, por fim, posicionar essa edição específica com relação à história da documenta, ou melhor, demonstrar como a curadoria ressignifica essa história em mito, no movimento de legitimação de sua ação no presente.
Bienais e os giros epistemológicos
Authors: Oliveira Mirtes Marins de
Published: June 2021

Este texto tem como objetivo refletir de maneira panorâmica e introdutória sobre a constituição das bienais e outras exposições que são elaboradas dentro da lógica da bienalização. Como contexto incontornável há a necessidade de considerar o momento atual, com a epidemia de Covid-19 e suas restrições físicas. Para a finalidade, apresenta uma possível narrativa sobre as histórias das exposições a partir da perspectiva das bienais que incorporam pressupostos de um debate relacionado ao giro decolonial. Considera-se que tanto a pandemia quanto a decolonialidade exigem também uma virada ou giro epistemológico.
PENGARUH HOLDING TIME DAN MEDIA PENDINGIN PADA CARBURIZINGMATERIAL SUS 630 TERHADAP NILAI KEKERASAN DAN STRUKUR MIKRO
Authors: Fikara Fittonia Aditya
Published: June 2021

Stainless steel is material that mostly used in chemical industry because of its excellence in corrosion resistance, in addition to corrosion resistance, hardness on the surface of the material it is also be considered, to meet these needs material engineering is carried out, which is surface hardening. Carburizing is one method to harden the surface. This study aims to determine the effect of holding time and cooling (water, air, and oil) on carburizing SUS 630 stainless steel to hardness, microstructure, and diffusion depth. The material used is SUS 630 stainless steel, with carbon content 0.02%. The heating process at temperature 1020°C with holding time 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours then cooled to water, oil and air cooling. Test results show; 1) the longer holding time the value of hardnesswill increases. The maximum hardness value is at 5 hours holding time are 76HRN(water), 71.4HRN(air), and 78.2HRN(oil); 2) the occurrence of micro structure transformation due to holding time and cooling. The microstructure formed is structure of ferrite, perlite and martensite; 3) the longer holding time, the diffusion depth will increases. The maximum diffusion depth value is 5 hours holding time are 7.55ɥm(water), 10.42ɥm(air), and 9.98ɥm(oil). Keywords : Carburizing, Diffusion, Holding Time, Hardness, Microstructure.
ANALISIS KINERJA TURBIN UAP UNIT 3 BERDASARKAN PERFORMANCE TEST DI UNIT PELAKSANA PT.PLN (PERSERO) PEMBANGKITAN ASAM-ASAM
Authors: Mahaputra Kemas Ronand
Published: June 2021

This study purpose to determine the performance of steam turbines Unit 3 of PT.PLN (Persero) Pembangkitan Asam-asam by comparing the results of the data obtained by each performance test. This research was carried out by taking data performance tests in 2012, 2017, 2018 and 2019 and then processing the data and obtaining turbine heat rate values and average turbine efficiency then comparing the values obtained in each year. The data taken is obtained from the rendal operation of PT.PLN (Persero) Pembangkitan Asam-asam, data variables taken are load, main steam temperature inlet, main steam pressure inlet, HP heater feed outlet temperature, HP heater outlet pressure, main steam flow. Temperature and pressure obtained are then searched for enthalpy values. The data obtained to calculate the value of the turbine heat rate and turbine efficiency on average per time from each performance test then averages the value of the turbine heat rate and turbine efficiency each time the data collection performance test is then compared with the data each year.The calculation of the turbine heat rate uses the heat & mass balance method by measuring the value of the incoming and outgoing fluid differences and comparing the load obtained, the efficiency of the turbine is obtained by dividing the energy of 1 kW with a turbine heat rate then multiplying by 100%. The average turbine heat rate calculation result for each performance test which is on May 23, 2012 is 2,701, October 27, 2017 is 3,136, September 5, 2018 is 3,005, May 21, 2019 is 3,113. The average turbine efficiency value on May 23, 2012 is 37.02%, October 27 2017 is 31.39%, September 5 2018 is 33.28%, May 21, 2019 is 32.12%. The performance of PT PLN (Persero) Pembangkit Asam-asam Implementing Unit Unit 3 has decreased from 2012 to 2019 which is 4.9%
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN CATALYTIC CONVERTER BERBAHAN ARANG KAYU ALABAN DENGAN ADITIF TEMBAGA (Cu) TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG DAN KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR PADA TOYOTA KIJANG 5K
Authors: Sulton Ade , Ghofur Abdul
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil emisi gas buang dan konsumsi bahan bakar pada penggunaan arang kayu alaban dengan aditif tembaga dengan variasi diameter lubang, campuran dan rpm. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil pengujian menggunakan analisis gas di Badan Lingkungan Hidup dan uji konsumsi bahan bakar, data variabel bebas menggunakan campuran arang kayu alaban 82,5%, aditif tembaga 7,5%, PVA 10% dan kayu alaban 87,5%. Arang, aditif tembaga 2,5%, PVA 10%, dimensi diameter lubang 15 mm dan 20 mm, idle RPM, 1500, 2500, 3500. Variabel terikatnya adalah mobil Toyota Kijang 5K. Variabel kontrol yang digunakan adalah pengujian emisi gas buang yaitu CO2, CO, HC dan O2 serta pengujian konsumsi bahan bakar. Dari hasil tersebut peningkatan CO2 terbesar adalah 67,46% pada komposisi B rpm 2500, penurunan CO terbesar 75,69% pada komposisi B rpm 3500, mengalami penurunan terbesar pada HC 81,67% pada komposisi B dan kondisi stasioner, penurunan O2 terbesar adalah 40,7% pada komposisi B rpm 2500. Dari hasil pengujian konsumsi bahan bakar mengalami penurunan terbesar yaitu 13,33% pada diameter lubang Komposisi B 15 mm rpm 1500. This study aims to determine the results of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption in the use of alaban wood charcoal with copper additives with variations in hole diameter, mixture and rpm. The data of this study were obtained from the results of testing using gas analysis in the Environment Agency and fuel consumption test, independent variable data used a mixture of 82.5% alaban wood charcoal, 7.5% copper additives, 10% PVA and 87.5% alaban wood charcoal, 2.5% copper additive, 10% PVA, dimensions of hole diameter 15 mm and 20 mm, idle RPM, 1500, 2500, 3500. The dependent variable is a 5K Toyota Kijang car. The control variables used were exhaust gas emissions testing namely CO2, CO, HC and O2 and fuel consumption tests. From these results the largest increase in CO2 was 67.46% in the composition of B rpm 2500, the largest decrease in CO 75.69% in the composition B rpm 3500, experienced the largest decrease in HC 81.67% in composition B and stationary conditions, decreased O2 the biggest is 40.7% in composition B rpm 2500. From the test results, the fuel consumption has the largest decrease of 13.33% in the hole diameter Composition B 15 mm rpm 1500.
PENGARUH LSA (LOBE SEPARATION ANGEL) PADA CAMSHAFT TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA MESIN JUPITER Z1
Authors: Habib Anasri , Ghofur Abdul
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa mesin terbaik dari perubahan angel separasi lobe pada camshaft, dan mengetahui diagram timing katup dari setiap modifikasi camshaft. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengubah profil poros bubungan untuk menghasilkan waktu katup dan sudut preparasi lobus yang berbeda, kemudian dilakukan pengujian menggunakan dynotest untuk mendapatkan performa mesin Jupiter z1. Hasil penelitian menggunakan dynotest untuk mengetahui performa mesin, dari hasil pengujian mendapatkan hasil tertinggi dari setiap profil camshaft yaitu pada tenaga LSA 103.25o (standar) sebesar 9.035 Hp dan torsi 8.093 Nm, pada tenaga LSA 105.5o Dengan tenaga 9.162 Hp dan torsi 9.062 Nm, LSA 102.5o bertenaga 9.036 Hp dan torsinya 8.949 Nm. Pengaruh LSA pada camshaft standar dan modifikasinya yaitu pada camshaft dengan LSA 105.5o tenaga bertambah 1,3% dan torsi bertambah 10.7% sedangkan tenaga LSA 102.5o bertambah 0.01% dan torsi bertambah 9,5 %. Sehingga performa terbaik didapatkan pada camshaft dengan LSA 105.5o.This study aims to determine the best engine performance from changes in the angel separation lobe on the camshaft, and to find out the valve timing diagram of each camshaft modification. The research was carried out by changing the camshaft profile to produce different valve timing and lobes preparation angles, then do a test using dynotest to get Jupiter z1 engine performance. The results of the study used dynotest to determine engine performance, from the results of testing to get the highest results from each camshaft profile, namely the LSA 103.25o (standard) power of 9.035 Hp and torque of 8.093 Nm, on LSA 105.5o power is 9,162 Hp and torque is 9,062 Nm, the LSA 102.5o power is 9.036 Hp and torque is 8.949 Nm. The effect of LSA on the standard camshaft and modification, namely on the camshaft with LSA 105.5o, the power increased by 1.3% and torque increased by 10.7% while the LSA 102.5o the power increased by 0.01% and torque increased by 9,5%. So that the best performance is obtained on the camshaft with LSA 105.5o.
Entwicklungstendenzen der polnischen Tourismus-Wirtschaft
Authors: Sala Jozef
Published: June 2021

Polen ist vom Standpunkt des Tourismus gesehen, ein sehr attraktives Land imd schaßt gute Voraussetzungen für die Entwicklung verschiedenartiger Formen des Touristenverkehrs. Deswegen spielt in der Volkswirtschaft Polens, Tourismus eine bedeutende Rolle. Die Entwicklung des In- und Auslandstourismus hat sich in der Nachkriegszeit vollzogen. Nach der Wende der Änderung des politischen Systems, hat die Tourismusentwicklung weiter bedeutend zugenommen im Sinne daß eine Umstrukturierung der Tourismus-Wirtschaft erfolgt hatte. Dieser Beitrag befaßt sich mit einigen weiteren Problemen der touristischen Entwicklung Polens.
Entrepreneurship programs in sport and tourism
Authors: Bartoluci Mato
Published: June 2021

In order to develop the quality of tourism offer, various segments of the tourism offer can be successfully developed by applying particular types of entrepreneurship. The process of entrepreneurship in tourism is based on private property, market and economic criteria. This paper comprises particular entrepreneurship programs in sport and tourism: the programe of tennis-center and golf-program. These programs show that entrepreneurship in sport and tourism can be profitable if conducted by appropriate management, and if certain economic criteria would be taken into consideration.
Optimalization of structure of tourism destination supply
Authors: Žuvela Ivo
Published: June 2021

Purpose of this work is to show complexity of supply of tourism destination and to stimulate its permanent improving and optimalization. The work is divided into four chapters. The first one gives the concept of tourism destination as a modem expression of tourism attractiveness of higher levels and as synthesis of tourism supply entirety. The second chapter considers the characteristics and typical requests of modern tourist demands across its segments. The third chapter examines the supply structure of a tourism destination, which comprises, besides hotels, other accommodation and catering facilities, necessary traffic and public utility infrastructure, entertaining - recreational amenities, ecological qualities of natural and human environment as well as other attractive conveniences of out-of-board consumption. Crucial significance of price and quality of services are also discussed. The fourth chapter presents the process of permanent improving of supply structure, the purpose of which is its optimalization. Based on objective perceiving of adverse sides of supply, one makes and carries out short and long-term programmes for improving the supply structure, with necessary reconstructions and investments. Economic and organizational measures; tasks of local self-government, tourism associations and tourism enterprises.
Die Informationsquellen über die Nachfrage der Tourismusteilnehmer
Authors: Gučik Marian
Published: June 2021

Für den Tourismus ist ein ganzheitliches System von Informationen über das Angebot und die Nachfrage notwendig. In der Slowakei existiert solch ein System nicht. Unter den Bedingungen des Marktes ist es unerläßlich auf allen Ebenen der Leitung solch ein Informationssystem des Tourismus zu errichten, und das vor allem aus dem Grund des Treffens von Entscheidungen. In diesem Beitrag stellten wir uns das Ziel die Probleme bei der Gestaltung dieses Infonnationsystems über die Nachfrage der Tourismusteilnehmer zu untersuchen und eine Databasis für die Einsammlung der Angaben her die Nachfrage der Tourismusteilnehmer in der Slowakischen Republik vorzuschlagen.
The strategy of financial investments in securities
Authors: Ivanović Zoran
Published: June 2021

The paper presents the financial analysis which has to he performed by every successful financial investor while creation of the optimal portfolio of securities, with the aim to minimize or diverse financial risks. According to the limitless number of possible portfolio of securities available to investors, this paper concerns only portfolio of securities which are a part of effective series of securities.
The quality of hotel personnel
Authors: Vetrakova Milota
Published: June 2021

Ovaj rad daje pregled poslova u hotelu ističući značaj kvalitete te odgovornost za odabir osoblja koje će pružati kvalitetne hotelske usluge. Proces selekcije osoblja u hotelu zahtjeva određene kriterije. Ističe se posebna važnost pravilnog obrazovanja osoblja, te važnost permanentne izobrazbe potrebnih vještina i sposobnost a posebno iskrenost i briga hotelskog managementa oko razvoja kvalitete pružanja usluga hotelskog osoblja.
KULTURTOURISMUS: HERAUSFORDERUNG AN DEN TOURISMUS IN SLOWENIEN
Authors: Sibila Lebe Sonja
Published: June 2021

Die Voraussagen der WTO sprechen von unterschiedlichen Wachstumsraten für den Tourismus in Europa und in den neuen Tourismusgroßmächten im Raum Asien / Pazifik. ln Europa werden gute Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten ehemaligen skommunistischen Staaten zugemutet — vorasgesetzt, die entscheiden sich für eine Politik der hohen Qualität der damit verbundenen Spezialisierung der Anbieter. Slowenien hat in diesem Kontext hervorragende Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten auf dem Gebiet des Kulturtourismus.
Assessment of Recent Changes in Dust over South Asia Using RegCM
Authors: Asutosh A , Pandey S. K , Vinoj V
Published: June 2021

Pre-monsoon dust aerosols over Indian regions are closely linked to the monsoon dynamics and Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Past observational studies have shown a decline in dust loading over the Indian landmass potentially caused by changing rainfall patterns over the desert regions. Such changes are expected to have far reaching impact on regional energy balance and monsoon rainfall. Using a regional climate-chemistry model, RegCM4.5 with an updated land module, we have simulated the long-term (2001-2015) changes in dust over the arid and semi-arid dust source regions of the North-Western part of the sub-continent. It is found that the area-averaged dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the arid and semi-arid desert regions has declined by 17% since the start of this millennium. The rainfall over these regions exhibits a positive trend of 0.1 mm day-1year-1 and a net increase of > 50%. The wet deposition is found to be dominant and ~5 fold larger in magnitude over dry deposition and exhibits total changes of ~ 79 % and 48% in the trends in atmospheric dust. As a response, significant change in the surface (11%), top of the atmosphere radiative forcing (7%), and widespread atmospheric cooling are observed in short wave domain of radiation spectrum, over the Northern part of the Indian landmass. Such quantification and long term change studies are necessary for understanding the regional climate change and the water cycle.
Implementation of the Pancasila Lifestyle for the Life of the Millennial Generation 4.0 in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Putri Widodo Rizki Alivia , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

Technological developments, as a result of globalization, indirectly affect human lifestyles, one of which is the Indonesian people. In a situation of change towards the Industrial Revolution 4.0, Pancasila has a role as a guide for the Indonesian people to be what by the noble values ​​of the nation. However, the role of the millennial generation in maintaining these noble values ​​is important considering that they are the spearhead of the country's development. From this statement, this study aims to identify and formulate steps to maintain the noble values ​​of Pancasila among the millennial generation so that it does not eliminate national identity and understand the urgency of implementing the Pancasila lifestyle in the era of globalization. By using the literature review method, it can be seen that "grounding" and strengthening the essence of Pancasila values ​​can be a solution so that the existence of Pancasila continues to shine. The Pancasila lifestyle deserves to be implemented because it regulates all behaviors of speech, thought, behavior, action, and good manners so that it must be expressed in the life of the nation and state as well as our everyday life.
Molecular Biology for Cancer Therapy: Review Articles
Authors: goshu bahiru
Published: June 2021

introduction: Cancer, as clusters of diseases, uncontrolled cell proliferation due to tumor suppressor genes inactivation, oncogenes activation, and external factors.Methods: To review data, electronic databases such as Nature, PubMed/PMC, Science Direct/Elsevier, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were used.Results: Derestricted forms of proto-oncogenes are oncogenes, which had vital roles in various paths of cell cycle modulation. Translocations and chromosomal rearrangement and/or mutations in genes are the major factors for the transformation of proto-oncogene to oncogenes. Herein, to prevent the proliferation of cancerous cells, oncogenes are targeted molecules. From a cancer therapeutic target point of view, oncogene silencing and deletion, mutation of tumor suppressor genes, and retroviral therapy molecular techniques were developed. Conclusion: To establish a cancer-free world, the most commonly used techniques are: Ribose Nucleic Acid interferences, zinc finger nucleases, and CRISPR.Keywords: Cancer, Oncogenes, Proto-oncogenes, molecular technique
Rise of the Machines: The Inevitable Evolution of Medicine and Medical Laboratories Intertwining with Artificial Intelligence - A Narrative Review
Authors: Cadamuro Janne
Published: June 2021

Laboratory medicine has evolved from a mainly manual profession, providing few selected test results to a highly automated and standardized medical discipline, generating millions of test results per year. As next inevitable evolutional step, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms will need to assist us in structuring and making sense of the masses of diagnostic data collected today. Such systems will be able to connect clinical and diagnostic data and to provide valuable suggestions in diagnosis, prognosis or therapeutic options. They will merge the often so separated worlds of the laboratory and the clinics. When used correctly, it will be a tool, capable of freeing the physicians time so that he/she can refocus on the patient. In this narrative review I therefore aim to provide an overview of what AI is, what applications currently are available in healthcare and in laboratory medicine in particular. I will discuss the challenges and pitfalls of applying AI algorithms and I will elaborate on the question if healthcare workers will be replaced by such systems in the near future.
Mutation E48K in PB1 Polymerase Subunit Improves Stability of a Candidate Live Attenuated Influenza B Virus Vaccine
Authors: Mo Jongsuk , Cardenas-Garcia Stivalis , Santos Jefferson J. S. , Ferreri Lucas M. , Cáceres C. Joaquín , Geiger Ginger , Perez Daniel R , Rajao Daniela S.
Published: June 2021

Influenza B virus (IBV) is a major respiratory pathogen of humans, particularly in the elderly and children and vaccines are the most effective way to control it. In previous work, incorporation of two mutations (E580G, S660A) along with the addition of a HA epitope tag in the PB1 segment of B/Brisbane/60/2008 (B/Bris) resulted in an attenuated strain that was safe and effective as a live attenuated vaccine. A third attempted mutation (K391E) in PB1 was not always stable. Interestingly, viruses that maintained the K391E mutation were associated with the mutation E48K. To explore the contribution of the E48K mutation for stability of the K391E mutation, a vaccine candidate was generated by inserting both mutations along with attenuating mutations E580G and S660A in PB1 of B/Bris (B/Bris PB1att 4M). Serial passage of the B/Bris PB1att 4M vaccine candidate in eggs and MDCK indicated high stability. In silico structural analysis revealed a potential interaction between amino acids at positions 48 and 391. In mice, B/Bris PB1att 4M was safe and provided complete protection against homologous challenge. These results confirm the compensatory effect of mutation E48K to stabilize the K391E mutation, resulting in a safer, yet still protective, IBV LAIV vaccine.
Behaviour of Ternary Mixtures of Hydrogen Bond Acceptors and Donors in Terms of Band Gap Energies
Authors: Mannu Alberto , Cardano Francesca , Baldino Salvatore , Fin Andrea
Published: June 2021

Three ternary mixtures composed by choline chloride (ChCl), ethylene glycol (EG) and a second hydrogen bond donor (HBD) as ethanol (A), 2-propanol (B), and glycerol (C) were studied in terms of composition related to the band gap energy (BGE). A Design of Experiments (DoE) approach, and in particular a Simple Lattice three-components design, was employed for determining the variation of the BGE upon the composition of each system. UV-VIS analysis and subsequent Tauc plot methodology provided the data requested from the DoE and multivariate statistical analysis revealed a drop of the BGE in correspondence to specific binary compositions for systems A and B. In particular, a BGE of 3.85 eV was registered for the mixtures ChCl/EtOH (1:1), and ChCl/2-propanol (1:1), which represents one of the lowest values ever observed for these systems.
Evaluation of the Binding Kinetics of RHEB with mTORC1 by In-cell and In vitro Assays
Authors: Shams Raef , Ito Yoshihiro , Miyatake Hideyuki
Published: June 2021

The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is activated by the small G-protein, RHEB-GTPase. On lysosome, RHEB activates mTORC1 by binding the domains of N-heat, M-heat, and FAT, which allosterically regulates ATP binding in the active site for further phosphorylation. The crucial role of RHEB in regulating growth and survival through mTORC1, makes it a targetable site for anti-cancer therapeutics. However, the binding kinetics of RHEB to mTORC1 is still unknown at the molecular level. Therefore, we studied the kinetics by in vitro and in-cell protein-protein interaction (PPI) assays. For this, we used the split-luciferase system (NanoBiT®) for in-cell studies, and prepared proteins for the in vitro measurements. Consequently, it was shown that RHEB binds to the whole mTOR both in the presence or absence of GTPɣS, with five-fold weaker affinity in the presence of GTPɣS. Also, RHEB bound to the truncated mTOR fragments of N-heat domain (60-167) and M-heat domain (967-1023) in a GTP independent manner. Furthermore, RHEB bound to the truncated kinase domain (2148-2300) with higher affinity also in GTP independently. In conclusion, RHEB binds two different binding sites of mTOR, which probably regulates the kinase activity of mTOR through multiple different molecular mechanisms.
Of Mice and Schoolchildren: A Conceptual History of Herd Immunity
Authors: Robertson David
Published: June 2021

This article explores a tension at the core of the concept of herd immunity that has been overlooked in public and scientific discussions—namely: how can immunity, a phenomenon of individual biological defenses, be made relevant to populations? How can collectives be considered “immune”? Over the course of more than a century of use of the term, scientists have developed many different understandings of the concept in response to this inherent tension. Originating among veterinary scientists in the United States in the late 19th century, the concept was adopted by British scientists researching human infectious disease by the early 1920s. It soon became a staple concept for epidemiologists interested in disease ecology, helping to articulate the population dynamics of diseases such as diphtheria and influenza. Finally, though more traditional understandings of the concept remained in scientific use, in the era after World War II, it increasingly came to signal the objective and outcome of mass vaccination. Recognizing the complexity of scientific efforts to resolve the paradox of herd immunity may help us consider the best distribution of immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Upregulation of SNTB1 Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Promotes Cell Growth in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Liya , Chen Youqin , Lin Xiaoying , Wu Meizhu , Li Jiapeng , Xie Qiurong , Sferra Thomas Joseph , Han Yuying , Liu Huixin , Cao Liujing , Yao Mengying , Peng Jun , Shen Aling
Published: June 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most highly malignant tumors and has a complicated pathogenesis. A preliminary study identified syntrophin beta 1 (SNTB1) as a potential oncogene in CRC. However, the clinical significance, biological function, and underlying mechanisms of SNTB1 in CRC are unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the function of SNTB1 in CRC.Methods: The expression profile of SNTB1 in CRC samples was evaluated by database analysis, cDNA array, tissue microarray, Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry. SNTB1 expression in human CRC cells was silenced using short hairpin RNAs and its mRNA and protein levels were assessed by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by the cell counting, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. A xenograft nude mouse model of CRC was established for validating the roles of SNTB1 in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was used to score the expression of SNTB1 in tissue samples. The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) was used to analyze the differentially expressed proteins after knockdown of SNTB1 in CRC cells.Results: SNTB1 expression was increased in CRC tissue compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues and the increased expression was associated with shorter overall survival of CRC patients. Silencing of SNTB1 suppressed cell viability and survival, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro, and inhibited the growth of CRC cells in vivo. Further elucidation of the regulation of STNB on CRC growth by iTRAQ analysis identified 210 up-regulated and 55 down-regulated proteins in CRC cells after SNTB knockdown. A PPI network analysis identified protein kinase N2 (PKN2) as a hub protein and was up-regulated in CRC cells after SNTB1 knockdown. Western-blot analysis further confirmed that SNTB1 knockdown significantly up-regulated PKN2 protein expression in CRC cells and decreased the phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and AKT. Conclusion: These findings indicate that SNTB1 is overexpressed in CRC. Elevated SNTB1 levels are correlated with shorter patient survival. Importantly, SNTB1 promoted tumor growth and progression of CRC, possibly by reducing the expression of PKN2 and activating the ERK and AKT signaling pathway. Our study highlights the potential of SNTB1 as a new prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for CRC.
Identification of Targetable Kinases in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Higo Hisao , Ohashi Kadoaki , Tomida Shuta , Okawa Sachi , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Sugimoto Seiichiro , Makimoto Go , Ninomiya Kiichiro , Nakasuka Takamasa , Nishii Kazuya , Taniguchi Akihiko , Kubo Toshio , Ichihara Eiki , Hotta Katsuyuki , Miyahara Nobuaki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Toyooka Shinichi , Kiura Katsuyuki
Published: June 2021

Background: Tyrosine kinase activation plays an important role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we analyzed the expression of 612 kinase-coding and cancer-related genes using next-generation sequencing to identify potential therapeutic targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Methods: Thirteen samples from five patients with IPF (Cases 1-5) and eight samples from four patients without IPF (control) were included in this study. Six of the thirteen samples were obtained from different lung segments of a single patient who underwent bilateral pneumonectomy. Gene expression analysis of IPF lung tissue samples (n=13) and control samples (n=8) was performed using SureSelect RNA Human Kinome Kit. The expression of the selected genes was further confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: Gene expression analysis revealed a correlation between the gene expression signatures and the degree of fibrosis, as assessed by Ashcroft score. In addition, the expression analysis indicated a stronger heterogeneity among the IPF lung samples than among the control lung samples. In the integrated analysis of the 21 samples, DCLK1 and STK33 were found to be upregulated in IPF lung samples compared to control lung samples. However, the top most upregulated genes were distinct in individual cases. DCLK1, PDK4, and ERBB4 were upregulated in IPF case 1, whereas STK33, PIM2, and SYK were upregulated in IPF case 2. IHC revealed that these proteins were expressed in the epithelial layer of the fibrotic lesions.Conclusions: We performed a comprehensive kinase expression analysis to explore the potential therapeutic targets for IPF. DCLK1 and STK33 can serve as potential candidate targets for molecular targeted therapy of IPF. In addition, PDK4, ERBB4, PIM2, and SYK may serve as personalized therapeutic targets of IPF.
Lethal and Sublethal Effects in Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha) following Exposure to Five Aquaculture Chemotherapeutants
Authors: Sahota Charanveer , Hyek Kassia , Surbey Brady , Kennedy Chris
Published: June 2021

Early life stages of Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) are at risk of exposure to the active ingredients of chemotherapeutant formulations (hydrogen peroxide [HP], azamethiphos [AZ], emamectin benzoate [EB], cypermethrin [CP] and deltamethrin [DM]) used to control sea lice in salmon aquaculture. LC50 values (95% confidence intervals) for acute 48-h water exposures in order of least to most toxic to seawater-adapted pink salmon fry were: HP (227 [138–418] mg/L), EB (1090 [676–2006] µg/L), AZ (80 [52–161] µg/L), CP (5.1 [3.0-10.5] µg/L), and DM (980 [640–1800] ng/L). In subchronic 10-d lethality sediment exposure tests, LC50 values (95% confidence intervals) in order of least to most toxic were: EB (2065 [1384–3720] µg/kg), CP (97 [58–190] µg/kg), and DM (1035 [640–2000] ng/kg). Alterations in behaviour varied between chemicals; no chemical attracted pink salmon fry; fish avoided HP to a limited extent at 50 mg/L), as well as EB (300 µg/L), and AZ (50 µg/L). Significant concentration-dependent decreases in olfactory responsiveness to food extract were seen following AZ, CP and DM exposures that occurred at lower concentrations with longer exposure periods (10 µg/L, 0.5 µg/L and 100 ng/L thresholds at 168 h). Following 10-d sediment exposures, olfaction was only affected by CP exposure at 50 µg/kg. Significant decreases in swimming performance (Ucrit) occured for HP, AZ, CP and DM at concentrations as low as 100 mg/L, 10 µg/L, 2 µg/L and 200 ng/L, respectively. This study provides comprehensive data on the lethal and sublethal effects of aquaculture chemotherapeutant exposure in early life stage pink salmon.
Landau-Fermi liquids in disguise
Authors: Fabrizio Michele
Published: June 2021

In periodic systems of interacting electrons, Fermi and Luttinger surfaces refer to the locations within the Brillouin zone of poles and zeros, respectively, of the single-particle Green's function at zero energy and temperature. Such difference in analytic properties underlies the emergence of well-defined quasiparticles close to a Fermi surface, in contrast to their supposed non-existence close to a Luttinger surface, where the single-particle density-of-states vanishes at zero energy.
We here show that, contrary to such common belief, coherent `quasiparticles` do exist also approaching a Luttinger surface in compressible interacting electron systems. Thermodynamic and dynamic properties of such `quasiparticles` are just those of conventional ones. For instance, they yield well defined quantum oscillations
in Luttinger's surface and linear in temperature specific heat, which is striking given the vanishing density of states of physical electrons, but actually not uncommon in strongly correlated materials.