bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational and technological features of the modern building systems’ development
Authors: Zilberova Inna , Petrov Konstantin , Novoselova Irina , Mokhsen Al Fatla Abdullah Neama
Published: July 2021

This work is devoted to the development of modern organizational and technological building systems. The paper provides a brief analysis of the current economic situation and the related changes in the construction sector. The main trends in the construction industry organizational component development associated with the introduction of modern software are considered. The scholastic and genetic algorithms for the construction process organizational components’ development are highlighted. In the technological aspect, the focus is on the automation and robotization of construction processes as well as the related changes and problems. The main, according to the authors, achievements of modern technology and the possibility of their widespread use and replacement of human labor by them are considered.
Investigation of the steel parts’ hardsurfacing overlays properties
Authors: Malikov Vladimir , Ishkov Alexey
Published: July 2021

The article describes the studies’ results of steels with applied boron-based hardsurfacing overlays. The overlay was done in four different ways. The materials obtained differed in chemical composition, properties and wear resistance. A detailed technical process of surfacing and the surfacing charge composition, which makes it possible to obtain the necessary material, is given. Studies of hardness, macro- and microstructure, chemical and X-ray phase composition of the obtained materials have been carried out. The descriptions of the overlays’ characteristic phases are made and their properties are given. The chemical composition of the obtained overlays has been determined by the emission spectroscopy method. The X-ray phase analysis of the samples has also been carried out and the percentage of the additional modifier introduced into the overlays has been determined. Based on the results of the studies carried out, the conclusions about the optimal method of metal hardening have been drawn.
“Smart City” concept in the urban economy digitalization system of St. Petersburg
Authors: Geraskina Inna , Kopyrin Alexey
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the “Smart City” concept substantiation, focused on digitalization of urban processes and infrastructure facilities management in St. Petersburg. The priority strategic goals of this project and the corresponding tools are highlighted, a SWOT analysis is carried out to identify the range of possible risks of its implementation. The prerequisites for the “Smart St. Petersburg” concept implementation in the pursuit of widespread digitalization are highlighted, taking into account the dynamics of exo- and endogenous development factors.
Evolution of risk assessment methods and the possibility of their use in determining the investment and construction projects’ effectiveness
Authors: Kazaku Ekaterina , Zvereva Elena , Tsarionova Julia
Published: July 2021

The study is devoted to identifying the main trends in the development of the theory of evaluating the effectiveness of investment and construction linear-extended projects, the implementation of which is carried out with the participation of public investments of different levels, as well as those of socio-economic importance for the construction region and Russia as a whole. Global informatization, penetrating into all spheres of human activity, determines the digital economy formation as an economic activity operating in the digital space. This means that digital material data is a key factor in production, processing of which in large volumes, compared to traditional forms of management, makes it possible to increase the economic activities efficiency. Methods of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment and accounting for the uncertainty of investment projects have been applied. In most theoretical directions, the preference is given to the use of the cost effectiveness criterion; methods of qualitative assessment and risk identification; introduction of modern digital methods of risk assessment and uncertainty accounting (Monte Carlo method, method of integral convolutions of numbers). There is no universal theoretical approach that reveals the investment process essence through the return on investment, which makes it possible to reliably assess the economic efficiency in construction ICP in the digital economy. It was revealed that the implementation of investment and construction projects (ICP) suggests the need to supplement the theoretical foundations, taking into account their specificity in terms of the effects taken into account, as well as uncertainty factors. The development of efficiency theory and, as a consequence, an increase in the basic data collection speed in the digital economy, as well as an increase in the reliability of efficiency estimates due to mathematical methods for quantifying risk and uncertainty. The implementation of investment and construction projects plays an important role in the transport industry.
Analysis of the influence of sustainable development factors on the state of the housing function in a large city
Authors: Seferyan Luiza , Magomedov Bagavdin , Shuaipova Pari , Nikulina Marina , Shevtsova Anna
Published: July 2021

The authors of the article consider the sustainable development of the housing stock of a large city from the standpoint of four factors: increasing the energy efficiency of buildings under construction and renovation; overhaul of apartment buildings, taking into account the requirements for their energy efficiency; the choice between construction and reconstruction according to the resource costs criterion; management of the housing stock resource supply based on the requirements for comfortable living of owners and improving the quality of services provided in the field of housing and utilities infrastructure (hereinafter HUI). According to the authors, it is necessary to use energy-saving modern building materials, products and structures and to assess the life cycle of buildings when choosing organizational and technical solutions for the demolition or reconstruction of buildings for the sustainable development of the housing stock.
Soils’ classification according to their seismic properties in Building Codes of various countries
Authors: Zaalishvili Vladislav
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of Building Codes’ analysis in different countries of the world in terms of taking into account the seismic properties of soils when calculating buildings and structures for seismic effects. The main indicators of the soils’ seismic properties are highlighted, their analysis is carried out from the point of view of the possibility and necessity of taking them into account in the future Building Codes of Georgia. The basis for the soils’ classification according to their seismic properties has been developed. The conclusion about the validity of using the new Building Codes of Russia and the Building Codes of the United Europe (Eurocode-8) is made as the basis for future Russian standards in terms of taking into account the seismic properties of soils by their seismic properties. The paper indicates that the new Building Codes in Russia will be developed based on the Building Codes of the former USSR. The main provisions of the standards have been tested in practice and, if the construction is in accordance with them, buildings and structures withstand seismic effects well. These Regulations do not contradict the Eurocode-8 Standards, which are undoubtedly more progressive and can be taken as a basis for future Building Codes in Russia. In conclusion, the main criteria for the soils’ classification according to their seismic properties are given.
Construction and convergence analysis of conservative second order local time discretisation for linear wave equations
Authors: Chabassier Juliette , Imperiale Sébastien
Published: July 2021

In this work we present and analyse a time discretisation strategy for linear wave equations t hat aims at using locally in space the most adapted time discretisation among a family of implicit or explicit centered second order schemes. The proposed family of schemes is adapted to domain decomposition methods such as the mortar element method. They correspond in that case to local implicit schemes and to local time stepping. We show that, if some regularity properties of the solution are satisfied and if the time step verifies a stability condition, then the family of proposed time discretisations provides, in a strong norm, second order space-time convergence. Finally, we provide 1D and 2D numerical illustrations that confirm the obtained theoretical results and we compare our approach on 1D test cases to other existing local time stepping strategies for wave equations.
Risk management in maritime transport of goods through insurance
Authors: Mitkov Milen , Radukanov Sergey , Petrova Mariana
Published: July 2021

The present study, the issues related to the development and features of Cargo insurance are considered as a way to manage the risk in the maritime transport of goods and cargo. The state, tendencies and prospects for development of this type of insurance are outlined, as well as the gross domestic product of the country. The study period is 2010-2019, ie the years after Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union. The results of the analysis confirm the strong link between maritime transport and insurance of transported goods and cargo, which leads to strong development in the insurance market as a whole. It was established that the rate of development of the gross domestic product of the country lags behind the rate of development of the transported goods and cargo by sea. On the other hand, the pace of development of freight insurance outpaces the pace of development of goods transported by sea and the rate of development of the country’s gross domestic product.
Indicators of the seaport ecological state of a depressed industrial hub
Authors: Mayorova Irina , Temerbek Alisa , Nosovckaj Oksana , Ryabchuk Valentyn , Ocheredco Elena
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of the seaport ecological condition indicators study of a depressed industrial hub. The traditional ranking of indicators of ecological condition on three levels is analyzed: international, national, regional. Based on the recommendations of Eco Port PERS, the requirements of ISO 14001 and environmental management and audit, EMAS analyzes the environmental indicators that are recommended for use. The scientific novelty is the justification of the necessity to use the territorial indicator of the seaport ecological condition due to the specifics of the territorial location - first, the nature of the seaport as a city-forming enterprise - secondly, the seaport - the third, deterioration of an ecological situation of an industrial site, in - the fourth. The ecological model of the seaport is based on its division into two subsystems: production and consumer, and the link between them is transport and transport processes. The necessity of maintaining the ecological and economic balance in the seaport and on the territory of the depressed industrial hub is substantiated according to the indicators of the cargo transportation intensity, the quality of transport services and the current ecological situation of the territory as a whole, which is provided by the System of ecological condition of European ports PERS.
Ships’ energy efficiency management: organizational and economic aspect
Authors: Glavatskhih Victoria , Lapkin Alexander , Dmitrieva Larisa , Khodikova Inna , Golovin Alexander
Published: July 2021

Maritime transport plays an important role in economic development of society, because it carries about 85% of goods, but it consumes a significant amount of fuel resources, which has a serious impact on air pollution. Millions of tons of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, soot, heavy metal compounds and water vapor are released into atmosphere each year. These factors influence constant search for more effective methods to reduce toxicity of exhaust gases and develop organizational and economic conditions for fuel usage.
41 Fachgesellschaften und Organisationen beteiligt
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: July 2021

Das Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie hat unter Federführung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG) die S3-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Zervixkarzinoms überarbeitet. Nachfolgend wurden wichtige Neuerungen und Aussagen der S3-Leitlinie zusammengestellt.
Fortgeschrittenes Urothelkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: July 2021

Der Rezeptor Nectin-4 wird beim Urothelkarzinom überexprimiert und ist damit eine potenzielle Zielstruktur für eine zielgerichtete Therapie. Das Nectin-4-gerichtete Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugat (ADC) Enfortumab vedotin wurde für die Behandlung des lokal fortgeschrittenen und metastasierten Urothelkarzinoms entwickelt. Vielversprechende Studienergebnisse zu der neuen Therapieoption wurden beim ASCO-GU 2021 präsentiert.
Arthroscopy of the Pediatric Elbow: Review of the Current Concepts
Authors: Xiao Ryan , Cirino Carl , Williams Christine , Hausman Michael
Published: July 2021

As surgeons have become more familiar with elbow arthroscopy, the indications for arthroscopy of the pediatric elbow have expanded to include contracture releases, fracture fixation, treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions, correction of elbow deformity, and debridement of soft tissue and bony pathologies. The treatment of various pathologies via an arthroscopic approach demonstrates equal, if not better, efficacy and safety as open surgery for the pediatric elbow. Arthroscopy provides the unique advantage of enabling the performance of extensive surgeries through a minimally-invasive approach, and it facilitates staged interventions in cases of increased complexity. For fracture work, arthroscopy enables direct visualization to assess reduction for percutaneous fixations. While future research is warranted to better evaluate the indications and outcomes of pediatric elbow arthroscopy, this update article presents a review of the current literature, as well as several innovative cases highlighting the potential of arthroscopy.
Analysis of Our Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures in Adults: Are We Over Operating?
Authors: Cross George W.V. , Saini Ramandeep S. , Monem Mohammed , Sofat Rajesh
Published: July 2021

Background Fractures of the distal radius are a common injury. The British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) and The British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH) have released new guidelines outlining the management of these fractures, specifically identifying “thresholds for intervention,” based on radiological parameters for management with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Questions/Purposes Have our distal radius fractures (DRFs), previously managed with ORIF, met the new guidelines' thresholds for intervention, based on radiological parameters?

Patients and Methods A retrospective assessment of DRFs treated with ORIF was performed between January 2017 and August 2018. Patients were categorized into three cohorts based on their age. The five radiological parameters of ulnar variance, dorsal tilt, radial inclination, radial height, and intra-articular step were measured on the initial plain radiograph, “pre-manipulation film,” postplaster application radiograph, and “post-manipulation film.”

These were compared with the “thresholds for intervention” outlined in the BOA/BSSH guidelines.

Results A total of 94 patients underwent an ORIF with a mean age of 56 years (range 17–86 years). As many as 75.74% of patients on the ”pre-manipulation film” met the “threshold for intervention” on at least one radiological parameter, while 53.57% of patients on the “post-manipulation” met at least one “threshold for intervention.” Dorsal tilt was the parameter that most often met the threshold in both films at 53.37% and 40.11%, respectively.

Conclusion Within our trust, there is a tendency to over manage the distal radius fracture with ORIF, potentially resulting in unnecessary operations. Education surrounding the new guidelines will better serve our decision-making.

Level of Evidence This is a level III study.
Ecological sensitivity within human realities concept for improved functional biodiversity outcomes in agricultural systems and landscapes
Authors: Vogt Melissa Anne Beryl
Published: July 2021

Sustainable agricultural landscapes seek to improve environmental, societal and economic outcomes locally and internationally. They depend on functionally biodiverse agricultural systems, i.e., systems that include diversity in plants and/or crops and maintain productive function. These systems are variably defined and are not adequately or consistently represented or ensured across agricultural landscapes. The variability results in inconsistent productive function, and minimally biodiverse agricultural systems and landscapes that degrade the environment, preventing consistent increases in functional biodiverse systems across farming landscapes and impeding long-term societal and economic benefit. The article answers the question: how can the Ecological Sensitivity within Human Realities (ESHR) concept improve consistent and more thorough increases in functional biodiversity outcomes from human natural environment interactions as a conceptual explanation. The ESHR concept for functional biodiversity is introduced and explained using an integrated narrative literature review. Motivation to develop and present the ESHR is an observed and identified need to emphasize the human influence on functional biodiversity outcomes and encourage sensitivity of human interactions with the natural environment through more detailed considerations that might better ensure consistent outcomes. Existing and commonly used concepts that seek to improve biodiversity in agricultural systems are compared to the ESHR to demonstrate novelty. New understandings of ecological and human conditions in coffee farming landscapes are not introduced, instead, the concept substantiates (1) functionally biodiverse agricultural systems rely on consistently functional ecological interactions and processes for all system and landscape complexities by structure, heterogeneity, and interactions, between and across systems; (2) human interactions are influenced by variability in the human condition across individuals and societal groups, referred to as human realities. When compared to the selection of existing concepts of similar intentions it demonstrates to combine strengths of different concepts with improved opportunity for contextual adaptations. Comparatively consistent, comprehensive considerations and functional biodiversity outcomes are encouraged and expected with the use of the ESHR. Recommendations for future use and research are provided.
Gate-tunable optical extinction of graphene nanoribbon nanoclusters
Authors: Sheridan Erin , Li Gang , Sarker Mamun , Hao Shan , Eom Ki-Tae , Eom Chang-Beom , Sinitskii Alexander , Irvin Patrick , Levy Jeremy
Published: July 2021

We investigate the optical response of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) using the broadband nonlinear generation and detection capabilities of nanoscale junctions created at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. GNR nanoclusters measured to be as small as 1–2 GNRs in size are deposited on the LaAlO3 surface with an atomic force microscope tip. Time-resolved nonlinear optical probes of GNR nanoclusters reveal a strong, gate-tunable second and third harmonic response, as well as strong extinction of visible to near-infrared light at distinct wavelengths, similar to previous reports with graphene.
Boosting hydrogen evolution reaction on few-layer graphdiyne by sp-N and B co-doping
Authors: Zhao Yasong , Yang Nailiang , Wang Changda , Song Li , Yu Ranbo , Wang Dan
Published: July 2021

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts based on noble metals traditionally suffered from high cost, low activity, and poor stability. Metal-free catalysts originating from heteroatom-doped carbon materials have been proposed to address these problems, in which the doping configurations and electronic structures are critical for modulating the electrocatalytic activity. Herein, we reported a sequential approach for the co-doping of B and N atoms into graphdiyne (GDY). We noticed that the configurations of heteroatoms are strongly related to the doping process, and the subsequent HER test shows that a certain sp-N can decrease the overpotential, and further introduction of B atoms can continuously enhance the current density owing to the synergistic effect of chemical and electronic couplings on proton adsorption/reduction kinetics. This work provides a deeper understanding of developing dual heteroatom doped non-metallic catalysts.
Room-temperature continuous-wave vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers based on 2D layered organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Hu Yuzhong , Wen Wen , Du Bowen , Wu Lishu , Chen Yu , Feng Shun , Zou Chenji , Shang Jingzhi , Fan Hong Jin , Yu Ting
Published: July 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) layered lead halide perovskites with large exciton binding energies, efficient radiative recombination, and outstanding environmental stability are regarded as supreme candidates for realizing highly compact and ultralow threshold lasers. However, continuous-wave (CW) pumped lasing of 2D lead halide perovskites, as the precondition for the electrically pumped lasing, is still challenging. Here, we tackled this challenge by demonstrating lasing emission in phenylethylammonium lead iodide [(PEA)2PbI4] embedded in a vertical microcavity under continuous pumping at room temperature. The millimeter-sized (PEA)2PbI4 single crystal was obtained from a two-step seed-growth method, showing high crystallization, excellent thermal stability, and outstanding optical properties. We used the exfoliated (PEA)2PbI4 thin flake as the gain medium to construct a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), showing robust single-mode CW lasing operation with an ultra-low threshold of 5.7 W cm−2 at room temperature, attributed to strong optical confinement in the high-Q cavity. Our findings provide a strategy to design and fabricate solution-based 2D perovskite VCSELs and mark a significant step toward the next-generation of coherent light sources.
Structural investigation of the 2D to 3D transition in stacked submonolayer InAs nanostructures
Authors: Roca R. C. , Kamiya I.
Published: July 2021

A direct comparison of the structures of 2D and 3D types of capped stacked submonolayer (SML) InAs nanostructures is evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results of the TEM observation of SML samples with three stacks of InAs unambiguously show a stark contrast between the structures of 2D and 3D SML nanostructures, where the 2D SML nanostructures exhibit a planar structure with thickness that is consistent with the deposited stack height, whereas the 3D SML nanostructures exhibit several-nm-high structures that exceed the height of the deposited stack. In addition, structural evolution at the 2D to 3D transition in uncapped SML nanostructures is investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM results clearly reveal that the 2D to 3D transition occurred during the deposition of the third (and last) InAs SML stack in the present samples, where the density of 3D structures increases in orders of magnitude with the deposited amount of InAs on the order of a tenth of a monolayer at the onset. This effectively bridges the gap between the 2D and 3D nanostructures elucidating the abrupt nature of the transition.
Varying least principal stress along lithofacies in gas shale reservoirs: effects of frictional strength and viscoelastic stress relaxation
Authors: Mandal Partha Pratim , Rezaee Reza , Sari Mustafa , Sarout Joel
Published: July 2021

Compositional variation of rock properties in unconventional shale reservoirs impacts not only hydraulic fracturing stimulation but also the variability of induced shear slip on pre-existing fracture networks. Lithological layering is also responsible for varying stress states in various unconventional reservoirs subjected to normal, strike-slip, reverse or hybrid faulting regime (a combination of any two of them). Three possible mechanisms are considered to evaluate the layer-based stress profile in the sub-surface, that is viscoelastic stress relaxation, elevated pore pressure and variation in rock frictional strength. We conducted multistage triaxial deformation tests with varying strain rates (5×10−7 to 10−5s−1) on shale sample originating from three lithological units of the Goldwyer shale formation, that is G-I, G-II and G-III in the Broome platform of onshore Canning basin. Additionally, pore pressure was estimated from wireline logs, and tectonic stress accumulation was modelled using time-dependent deformation (creep) data. The above analysis suggests that varying frictional strength alone could not explain the variation of the least principal stress; however, the inclusion of stress relaxation also contributes, whereas elevated pore pressure has no effect. Using this approach, we could also relate the changes in minimum principal stress (Shmin) from one lithofacies to the other and anticipate how this will impact the optimum design of landing zone during horizontal drilling and completion in unconventional field development.
A generational west coast gas shakeup looms
Authors: Kavonic Saul
Published: July 2021

From record high prices, a decade ago, to record low prices more recently, Australia’s west coast gas market is heading towards a structural shakeup that will challenge the status quo for producers, buyers and policymakers. The Western Australian (WA) gas market has been soft recently but is poorly understood, and prices may materially tighten this decade in wake of uncertain new supply timing, liquefied natural gas (LNG) producer recalcitrance towards domestic market, lack of new discoveries (outside Perth Basin), upward pressure on US gas pricing and government policy flexibility towards the emergence of LNG ullage. We believe a bifurcated WA gas market could emerge, whereby policy targets cheap gas to underpin new manufacturing, while existing gas buyers are left to compete against much higher LNG netback parity pricing.
Controls on the preservation of Jurassic volcanism in the Northern Carnarvon Basin
Authors: Curtis Michael , Holford Simon , Bunch Mark , Schofield Nick
Published: July 2021

The Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) forms part of the North West Australian margin. This ‘volcanic’ rifted margin formed as Greater India rifted from the Australian continent through the Jurassic, culminating in breakup in the Early Cretaceous. Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous syn-rift intrusive magmatism spans 45000km2 of the western Exmouth Plateau and the Exmouth Sub-basin; however, there is little evidence of associated contemporaneous volcanic activity, with isolated late Jurassic volcanic centres present in the central Exmouth Sub-basin. The scarcity of observed volcanic centres is not typical of the extrusive components expected in such igneous provinces, where intrusive:extrusive ratios are typically 2–3:1. To address this, we have investigated the processes that led to the preservation of a volcanic centre near the Pyrenees field and the Toro Volcanic Centre (TVC). The volcanic centre near the Pyrenees field appears to have been preserved from erosion associated with the basin-wide KV unconformity by fault-related downthrow. However, the TVC, which was also affected by faulting, is located closer to the focus of regional early Cretaceous uplift along the Ningaloo Arch to the south and was partly eroded. With erosion of up to 2.6km estimated across the Ningaloo Arch, which, in places, removed all Jurassic strata, we propose that the ‘Exmouth Volcanic Province’ was originally much larger, extending south from the TVC into the southern Exmouth Sub-basin prior to regional uplift and erosion, accounting for the ‘missing’ volume of extrusive igneous material in the NCB.
Disruption and damages: climate-related risks to the Australian oil and gas sector
Authors: Downes Stephanie M. , Steel Amy , Favaro Enrico , Wood Michael
Published: July 2021

The oil and gas (O&G) sector has made significant commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by decarbonising operations and transitioning portfolios to lower-carbon products. However, assessing the impacts of physical climate risks on assets and value chains has remained a lower priority, despite climate change consistently rated the highest risk to the global economy. Here we present selected case studies of the most relevant physical climate risks that impact key infrastructure across the O&G sector, now and in the future, with and without global abatement (that is, in high and low emissions scenarios). We focus on physical climate risks including sea level rise impacts on an offshore processing region, flooding and drought impacts in an onshore processing region, and highlight supply chain impacts on shipping and ports due to climate extremes such as cyclones. These risks all have the potential to have significant and adverse impacts on Australia’s O&G sector and have a direct impact on the ability of the sector to transition to a low-carbon future. We conclude with an overview of why and how companies should undertake climate scenario analysis for physical risks, in alignment with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures.
Mobile autonomous methane monitoring stations for emission measurement
Authors: Mainson M. , Ong C. , Myers M. , Spiers A.
Published: July 2021

Natural gas has been forecast to continue grow up to 30% for the next 40 years and will remain as a key energy source. Alongside this projected growth, both the government and the industry have committed to reduce emission reductions. A critical focus is fugitive emissions, which are related to leaks or unintended losses of methane from sources such as hydrocarbon production, processing, transport, storage, transmission and distribution. The need for measuring and monitoring these emissions has been recognised in significant environmental inquiries related to the gas industry, such as the Northern Territory Fracking Inquiry (Pepper et al. 2018) and required in section D of the NT Code of Practice. This study describes an autonomous emission monitoring station developed to address the challenge of characterising temporally varying fugitive methane emissions. It has been designed specifically to tolerate the Australian outback’s extreme climateswhile providing laboratory-grade measurements in real-time at locations where there will be no access to grid power and standard telecommunications. Preliminary results demonstrating the continuous real-time measurements of methane and ethane concentrations of temporally varying phenomena will be presented. Specifically, the detection of methane and ethane concentrations and temporal changes related to bushfire progress will be shown.
Impact of hydrogen solubility on depleted gas field's caprock: an application for underground hydrogen storage
Authors: Bahar Mohammad , Rezaee Reza
Published: July 2021

Depleted gas fields are considered a low-risk location for underground hydrogen storage purposes to balance seasonal fluctuations in hydrogen supply and demand. The objective of this study was to identify any significant risk of hydrogen leakages stored in depleted gas fields. The capability of the storage area in terms of sealing efficiency varies with parameters such as rate of diffusion, solubility, thickness and capillary threshold pressure of the caprock. The most common caprock are shales, which contain organic material. The solubility of hydrogen into organic material could change the petrophysical properties of the rock, such as porosity and permeability. Any changes in these petrophysical characteristics can reduce the capillary threshold pressure thus reducing the caprock efficiency for the safe storage of hydrogen. There is about 20% of the remaining gas volume in the depleted gas field, which helps to prevent brine from entering the production streamlines and maintain reservoir pressure. The characteristic data of hydrogen at different high pressures and temperatures have been evaluated and imported into the simple finite element model using the Python programming language. Most of the parameters that influence reducing the strength of the caprock are identified. Crucial parameters are the rate of diffusion, the solubility of hydrogen in kerogen, geomechanical deformation, threshold capillary pressure, long period of injection and withdrawing of hydrogen. The model shows that the native gas production with hydrogen is low due to significant density variation and mobility ratio between methane and hydrogen. Finally, a wide range of parameters and reservoir conditions has been considered for minimising the potential risks of possible leakages.
The ovarian follicle of ruminants: the path from conceptus to adult
Authors: Juengel Jennifer L. , Cushman Robert A. , Dupont Joëlle , Fabre Stéphane , Lea Richard G. , Martin Graeme B. , Mossa Francesca , Pitman Janet L. , Price Christopher A. , Smith Peter
Published: July 2021

This review resulted from an international workshop and presents a consensus view of critical advances over the past decade in our understanding of follicle function in ruminants. The major concepts covered include: (1) the value of major genes; (2) the dynamics of fetal ovarian development and its sensitivity to nutritional and environmental influences; (3) the concept of an ovarian follicle reserve, aligned with the rise of anti-Müllerian hormone as a controller of ovarian processes; (4) renewed recognition of the diverse and important roles of theca cells; (5) the importance of follicular fluid as a microenvironment that determines oocyte quality; (6) the ‘adipokinome’ as a key concept linking metabolic inputs with follicle development; and (7) the contribution of follicle development to the success of conception. These concepts are important because, in sheep and cattle, ovulation rate is tightly regulated and, as the primary determinant of litter size, it is a major component of reproductive efficiency and therefore productivity. Nowadays, reproductive efficiency is also a target for improving the ‘methane efficiency’ of livestock enterprises, increasing the need to understand the processes of ovarian development and folliculogenesis, while avoiding detrimental trade-offs as greater performance is sought.
Assessing legal terminological variation in institutional translation
Authors: Guzmán Diego , Ramos Fernando Prieto
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the main findings of a study on the translation of national court names in United Nations texts as an illustrative group of culture-bound terms. It focuses on documents produced as part of several mandatory compliance monitoring procedures in the field of human rights. The study is part of a broader project on legal translation in international organisations (LETRINT), which considers terminological consistency and adequacy as indicators of translation quality, and examines the impact of legal asymmetry on both dimensions. To shed light on the first of these indicators, a comprehensive analysis of intertextual and intratextual variations of English-Spanish and French-Spanish translations of thirty terms was conducted. Over five thousand bi- and trilingual segments, extracted from three ad-hoc multilingual and parallel corpora, were examined. They cover the period between 2000 and 2017, and refer to six legal systems. At the intertextual level, the results corroborate that legal asymmetry has a significant impact on translation decision-making, while the assessment of intratextual variation points to a link between source text length, documental series and the degree of terminological consistency.
Developing and Validating An Opioid Overdose Prevention and Response Curriculum for Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Moses Tabitha E. , Moreno Jessica L. , Greenwald Mark K. , Waineo Eva
Published: July 2021

Introduction: As rates of overdose and substance use disorders (SUDs) increase, medical schools are starting to incorporate more content on SUDs and harm reduction in undergraduate medical education (UME). Initial data suggest these additions may improve medical student knowledge and attitudes toward patients with SUDs; however, there is no standard curriculum. Methods: This project uses a six-step approach to UME curricular development to identify needs and goals regarding SUDs and opioid overdose at a large single-campus medical school in the United States. We first developed and delivered a pilot curriculum to a small group of medical students. Pilot results and a larger survey led to implementing a one-hour Opioid Overdose Prevention and Response (OOPR) Training for first-year students. Effects of training were tracked using baseline and post-training surveys examining knowledge and attitudes toward opioid overdose and patients with SUDs. Results: Needs assessment indicated desire and need for training. The pilot study ( N = 66) resulted in significantly improved knowledge regarding opioid overdose; 100% of students enjoyed training and believed others should receive it. The larger replication study surveyed all incoming students ( N = 266) to gauge initial knowledge and experiences with these topics. Results prompted enhancement of the OOPR Training curriculum, which was delivered to half of the first-year class. Post-training survey results replicated the pilot study findings. The majority (95.2%) of students enjoyed training and 98.4% believed all students should receive it. Conclusion: Delivering a thorough curriculum on SUDs and harm reduction in UME is critical. Although many schools are implementing training, there is no standard curriculum. We outline a low-resource training intervention for OOPR. Our findings identified key features to include in these UME curricula. This approach provides a replicable template for schools seeking to develop brief educational interventions and identify essential content for curricula in SUDs and harm reduction.
Behavioral Inhibition and Activation System Factors in Offenders and Non-Offenders
Authors: Molleman P. W. , Driessen J. M. A. , Schilder C. , Bulten B. H. , Brazil I. A.
Published: July 2021

Objective

The main aim was to investigate whether forensic psychiatric inpatients can be distinguished from prisoners and non-offender healthy controls based on their performance on neurocognitive tasks measuring behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation.

Method

This study used preexisting data from 120 male forensic psychiatric inpatients, 60 male prisoners and 66 male non-offender healthy controls. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to study the links between our outcome measures and group membership. To this end, we used outcome measures from a Continuous Performance task, an emotional Stroop task and behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system (BIS/BAS) questionnaire.

Results

BIS/BAS scores had discriminatory power for distinguishing forensic psychiatric inpatients from prisoners. Measures from the Continuous Performance task and the emotional Stroop task did not significantly differ between the offender groups.

Conclusions

BIS/BAS are relevant concepts in the context of criminal behavior and could play a role in the development of new approaches to subtype offender populations, because they seem useful for differentiating forensic psychiatric inpatients from prisoners. For clinical practice, our results suggest that these concepts should be routinely assessed as part of neuropsychological testing in forensic psychiatric settings.
Evaluation of difference limen for frequency, intensity and duration in individuals with visual impairment
Authors: Kandiyil Alka Choyi , Kannancheeri Ardra , Sinha Monam , Prabhu Prashanth
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Individuals with visual impairment are known to have better auditory abilities than individuals with normal vision. There is a literature shortage that has attempted to assess differential sensitivity for frequency, intensity, and duration in individuals with visual impairment.

Objective

Thus, the study attempted to determine differences in difference limen for frequency, intensity, and duration between individuals with visual impairment and individuals with normal vision.

Methods

30 individuals with normal vision and 30 individuals with visual impairment (15 males and 15 females in each) participated in the study, and their DLI, DLF, DLT were assessed using the mlp toolbox.

Results

The study results showed that the differential sensitivity was superior for individuals with visual impairment compared to sighted people.

Conclusions

The results agree with previous studies, suggesting a superior auditory performance in individuals with visual impairment. Further studies on a larger group of population are essential for better generalisation of the results.
The study of slide-valve throttle orifice’s geometry influence on control surface actuator’s dynamical capabilities of maneuverable aircraft
Authors: Alekseenkov A S , Obolenskiy V Y , Obolenskiy Y G , Samsonovich S L
Published: July 2021

The study of slide-valve throttle orifice’s geometry influence on required dynamical capabilities at the low angular deflection of maneuverable aircraft’s actuator has been carried out. To find the correlation dependences of slide-valve throttle control area opening to its transfer, the six configurational forms of fluid flow throttle regulation orifices were considered, the geometrical dependences were obtained and mathematical model were designed. The Bode plots of control surface actuator at six different geometrical forms of orifices have been achieved. Main findings of slide-valve orifice influence on the actuator dynamical sensitivity have been stated. The obtained results have a theoretical benefit for the designers of aircraft control systems and actuators.
Planning, simulation and mission efficiency estimation of piloted and unmanned aerial vehicles in standard operations of their application
Authors: Diyachuk A K , Orkin B D , Orkin S D
Published: July 2021

Complexes of mathematical models of planning, simulation and efficiency estimation of piloted and unmanned aviation joint actions in operations against naval, ground-based and flying objects are considered. These complexes are intended for comparative efficiency assessment of piloted and unmanned aerial vehicles and their airborne systems alternative variants concepts. As a result of such assessment the quantitative substantiations for the decision making to select the specific variant of an aircraft, its basic airborne systems structure and performances are formed.
Synthesis of neural network controllers for objects with non-linearity of the constraint type
Authors: Feofilov S V , Khapkin D L
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses the use of artificial neural networks of direct propagation to control objects with nonlinearities such as saturation and a rigid mechanical stop. The multilayer structure of a neural network is considered using the ReLU activation function and the Dropout layer, which allows working with the indicated nonlinearities. The possibility of training a neural network to control piecewise linear objects of a general type is demonstrated. Using the method of generalized inverse neurocontrol, a controller is synthesized that provides an acceptable quality of control in the presence of such nonlinearities. A specific example shows the possibility of creating a direct neuroemulator that repeats the dynamics of nonlinearities such as saturation and a rigid mechanical stop. The work of the neuroregulator in the examples is compared with the PID controller configured in Matlab. All theoretical conclusions are confirmed by numerical modeling of real technical systems with neural network control.
UAV Maneuvering Target Tracking based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Gan Z , Li B , Neretin E S , Dyachenko S A
Published: July 2021

Maneuvering target tracking means that UAV observes the target through sensors, follows the target and maintains the tracking range with the target. Aiming at the target tracking problem of UAV, we built UAV motion model and UAV tracking model based on reinforcement learning, and verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the method in the simulation environment.
Operational planning of aircraft routes when servicing a random stream of requests arriving during the flight
Authors: Goncharenko V I , Lebedev G N , Martynkevich D S , Rumakina A V
Published: July 2021

The process of sen*icing ground facilities with a group of aircraft is being considered when there is a flow of flight requests. The problem of parametric optimization is posed in the selection of the number of aircraft based on the multiplicative form of a single efficiency criterion. It is shown that the solution of this problem is possible with the help of the queuing theory, according to which the system under consideration belongs to the class of multi-channel queuing systems with waiting. The inventive method for developing an operational planning algorithm is based on a combination of sequentially executed ranking operations in order to ensure the lowest operational costs based on a minimax criterion in the worst conditions in terms of service delay time. A simulation program has been developed that provides an analysis of various dispatching algorithms, as well as determining at each step the number of free requests and the number of available and occupied aircraft. Along with the choice of the most effective algorithm for operational planning of aircraft routes, the task of assigning the required number of aircraft is solved.
Study on torque of tangential fan in three operating mode
Authors: Kuteynikova E N , Samsonovich S L , Lalabekov V I , Tryader I V
Published: July 2021

This paper is dedicated to the load moment calculation on the shaft of the tangential fan that is used with an electric motor to control the flight of an aircraft. The tangential fan can act as a propulsor and as an actuator for a gas-dynamic drive. In the latter case the tangential fan can work in three operating modes: compressor, generator and mixed mode because of different constructive compositions. In compressor mode the torque of an electric drive is transmitted to the tangential fan, which generates the thrust. In generator mode the tangential fan spins because of the incoming flow and the electric drive induces a current. In mixed mode the tangential fan spins because of the incoming flow and the electric fan additionally slows or fastens the flow. Load moment equations for the said modes are obtained using vector diagrams and the law of energy conservation. Solving the equations showed the load moment characteristics. It was observed that the increment of the load moment with increasing velocity of the incoming flow is non-linear. The obtained results enable the developers to estimate the power characteristics of an actuator based on a tangential fan at the design stage.