bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Ontological Approach to Security Risk Analysis of Information System
Authors: Arogundade Oluwasefunmi ‘Tale , Adeniran Olusola , Jin Zhi , Xiaoguang Yang
Published: July 2016

Resource allocation decisions can be enhanced by performing risk assessment during the early development phase. In order to improve and maintain the security of the Information System (IS, hereafter), there is need to build risk analysis model that can dynamically analyze threat data collected during the operational lifetime of the IS. In this paper the authors propose an ontological approach to accomplishing this goal. They present analyzer model and architecture, an agent-based risk analysis system (ARAS) which gathers identified threats events, probe them and correlates those using ontologies. It explores both quantitative and qualitative risk analysis techniques using real events data for probability predictions of threats based on an existing designed security ontology. To validate the feasibility of the approach a case study on e-banking system has been conducted. Simulated IDS output serves as input into the risk analysis system. The authors used JADE to implement the agents, protégé OWL to create the ontology and ORACLE 11g SQL developer for the database. Optimistic results were obtained.
Pyk2 Controls Integrin-Dependent CTL Migration through Regulation of De-Adhesion
Authors: Cheung Samuel M. S. , Ostergaard Hanne L.
Published: July 2016

Protein tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is required for T cell adhesion to ICAM-1; however, the mechanism by which it regulates adhesion remains unexplored. Pyk2 function in murine CTL clones and activated ex vivo CD8+ T cells was disrupted by pharmacological inhibition, knockdown of expression with small interfering RNA, or expression of the dominant-negative C-terminal domain. We found that Pyk2 is not absolutely required for adhesion of CTL to ICAM-1, but rather delays the initial adhesion. Disruption of Pyk2 function caused cells to display an unusual elongated appearance after 1 h on ICAM-1, consistent with abnormally strong adhesion. Furthermore, the random mobility of CTL on ICAM-1 was severely compromised using all three methods of disrupting Pyk2 function. Live-cell imaging studies revealed that the decreased migration is the result of a defect in the detachment from ICAM-1 at the trailing edge when Pyk2 function is inhibited. Examination of Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation in normal polarized cells demonstrated that Pyk2 phosphorylated at Y579 and Y580 preferentially localizes to the leading edge, whereas Y881-phosphorylated Pyk2 is enriched at the trailing edge, suggesting that the tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 is spatially regulated in migrating CTL. Additionally, inhibition of Pyk2 caused cells to form multiple LFA-1–rich tails at the trailing edge, most likely resulting from a defect in LFA-1 release required for forward movement. Our results show that Pyk2 contributes to CTL migration by regulating detachment of CTL at the trailing edge, which could explain why Pyk2 is important for chemotactic and migratory responses.
Exploring personality traits, mindfulness and sense of coherence of women working in higher education
Authors: Mayer Claude-Hélène , Surtee Sabie , Visser Delene
Published: July 2016

Orientation: Previous research shows that personality traits (PT), mindfulness (MI) and sense of coherence (SOC) are connected to psychological well-being and of importance to Human Resource Management (HRM).Purpose: The purpose of this article was to determine the relationship between PT, MI and SOC of women working in South African Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).Motivation for study: The study explores the relationships of PT, MI and SOC in women in HEIs to contribute to a deeper understanding of these relationships within the HRM context, particularly with regard to training and development in HEIs.Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional, survey-based research design was used to address the research objective. Both snowball and convenience sampling were utilised to obtain the sample (n = 125). The sample was derived from the Higher Education Resource Services network. The Life Orientation Questionnaire, Freiburger MI Inventory and Big Five PT Questionnaire were utilised and showed acceptable levels of reliability. Exploratory factor analysis with either a direct oblimin or varimax rotation was used to investigate the factor structure of the questionnaires (λ < 1 were used), because one of the questionnaires had not been used in the South African context before. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Spearman/ Pearson correlations, canonical correlations and multiple regressions were used to determine the relationship between the variables.Main findings: The results showed a significant relationship between the components PT, MI and SOC. It appears that PT plays a significant role in influencing MI and SOC.Practical/managerial implications: Managers and human resource practitioners need to recognise how PT, MI and SOC interrelate and need to become aware of the impact of these positive psychological constructs on women in HEIs.Contribution: These findings contribute new knowledge that can be used to create healthy HEIs through empirically-based, gender-specific training programmes.
A Multivariate Approach to Facebook Data for Marketing Communication
Authors: Liberati Caterina , Arrigo Elisa , Mariani Paolo
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is to propose a method to explore and synthesize social media data in order to aid businesses to make their communication decisions. The research was conducted at the end of 2014 on 5607 Italian Facebook subjects interested in drugs and health. In this study, we refer to the pharmaceutical market that is characterized by strict legal constraints, which prevent any promotional activities (such as advertising) of companies on prescription drugs. Thus, pharmaceutical businesses tend to promote their corporate brand instead of a single product brand. In such context, social media offer the opportunity to gather customers’ information about their attitudes and preferences, helpful to address marketing activities. Through a multivariate statistical approach on Facebook data, we have highlighted the associations existing between TV channels and users’ profiles. Therefore, depending on the value proposition to promote, every business could choose, first, the target group to reach and, then, the nearest suitable channel where to develop the corporate brand communication.
Is content king? Job seekers’ engagement with social media employer branding content.
Authors: Moser Kilian J. , Tumasjan Andranik , Welpe Isabell M.
Published: July 2016

Abstract Increasing digitization and the emergence of social media have radically changed the recruitment landscape adding interactive digital platforms to traditional means of employer communication. Removing barriers of distance and timing, social media enable firms to continue their efforts of promoting their employment brand online. However, social media employer communication and employer brand building remains woefully understudied. Our study addresses this gap by investigating how firms use social media to promote their employer brand. We analyze employer branding communication in a sample of N = 216,828 human resources (HR) related Tweets from N = 166 Fortune 500 companies. Using supervised machine learning we classify the Tweet content according to its informational and inspirational nature, identifying five categories of employer branding social media communication on Twitter.
A Novel Approach for Apexification: A 2-year Follow-up
Authors: Bansode Pradnya V , Deshpande Sagar S
Published: July 2016

Aim

To present a novel approach for nonsurgical management of large periapical lesion with open apex by using White Portland Cement to create an apical plug leads to substantial periapical healing.

Radiographic examination in this case indicated previous root canal treated, immature tooth with a wide-open apex and a periapical radiolucency. After cleaning and shaping Triple antibiotic paste was placed for 3 weeks. Hydroxyapatite was mixed with sterile saline & placed beyond the canal apex until with the aim of creating a periapical barrier. WPC powder was then mixed with sterile water, carried inside the canal to create apical plug (4mm) and obturation. The remainder of the canal was filled with thermoplastic gutta-percha. This was followed by post &core and PFM crown. Clinical follow-up of 2 years revealed absence of clinical symptoms and substantial periapical healing.

How to cite this article

Deshpande SS, Bansode PV. A Novel Approach for Apexification: A 2-year Follow-up Case Report. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(1)17-20.
Do we still need renal biopsy in lupus nephritis?
Authors: Haładyj Ewa , Cervera Ricard
Published: July 2016

The natural course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by periods of disease activity and remissions. Prolonged disease activity results in cumulative organ damage. Lupus nephritis is one of the most common and devastating manifestations of SLE. In the era of changing therapy to less toxic regimens, some authors have stated that if mycophenolate mofetil can be used for the induction and maintenance treatment in all histological classes of lupus nephritis, renal biopsy can be omitted. This article aims to answer the question of what brings the bigger risk: renal biopsy or its abandonment.
Large XCH4 anomaly in summer 2013 over northeast Asia observed by GOSAT
Authors: Ishizawa Misa , Uchino Osamu , Morino Isamu , Inoue Makoto , Yoshida Yukio , Mabuchi Kazuo , Shirai Tomoko , Tohjima Yasunori , Maksyutov Shamil , Ohyama Hirofumi , Kawakami Shuji , Takizawa Atsushi , Belikov Dmitry
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Extremely high levels of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of atmospheric methane (XCH4) were detected in August and September 2013 over northeast Asia (∼  20 ppb above the averaged summertime XCH4 over 2009–2012, after removing a long-term trend), as being retrieved from the Short-Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR) spectral data observed with the Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). Similar enhancements of XCH4 were also observed by the ground-based measurements at two Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites in Japan. The analysis of surface CH4 concentrations observed at three monitoring sites around the Japan archipelago suggest that the extreme increase of XCH4 has occurred in a limited area. The model analysis was conducted to investigate this anomalously high XCH4 event, using an atmospheric transport model. The results indicate that the extreme increase of XCH4 is attributed to the anomalous atmospheric pressure pattern over East Asia during the summer of 2013, which effectively transported the CH4-rich air to Japan from the strong CH4 source areas in east China. The two Japanese TCCON sites, ∼  1000 km east–west apart each other, coincidentally located along the substantially CH4-rich air flow from east China. This analysis demonstrates the capability of GOSAT to monitor an XCH4 event on a synoptic scale. We anticipate that the synoptic information of XCH4 from GOSAT data contributes to improve our understanding of regional carbon cycle and the regional flux estimation.
A trait database for marine copepods
Authors: Brun Philipp , Payne Mark R. , Kiørboe Thomas
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The trait-based approach is gaining increasing popularity in marine plankton ecology but the field urgently needs more and easier accessible trait data to advance. We compiled trait information on marine pelagic copepods, a major group of zooplankton, from the published literature and from experts, and organised the data into a structured database. We collected 9345 records for 14 functional traits. Particular attention was given to body size, feeding mode, egg size, spawning strategy, respiration rate and myelination (presence of nerve sheathing). Most records were reported on the species level, but some phylogenetically conserved traits, such as myelination, were reported on higher taxonomic levels, allowing the entire diversity of around 10 800 recognized marine copepod species to be covered with few records. Besides myelination, data coverage was highest for spawning strategy and body size while information was more limited for quantitative traits related to reproduction and physiology. The database may be used to investigate relationships between traits, to produce trait biogeographies, or to inform and validate trait-based marine ecosystem models. The data can be downloaded from PANGAEA, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.862968.
Optimal site selection for sitting a solar park using multi-criteria decision analysis and geographical information systems
Authors: Georgiou Andreas , Skarlatos Dimitrios
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Among the renewable power sources, solar power is rapidly becoming popular because it is inexhaustible, clean, and dependable. It has also become more efficient since the power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic solar cells has increased. Following these trends, solar power will become more affordable in years to come and considerable investments are to be expected. Despite the size of solar plants, the sitting procedure is a crucial factor for their efficiency and financial viability. Many aspects influence such a decision: legal, environmental, technical, and financial to name a few. This paper describes a general integrated framework to evaluate land suitability for the optimal placement of photovoltaic solar power plants, which is based on a combination of a geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing techniques, and multi-criteria decision-making methods. An application of the proposed framework for the Limassol district in Cyprus is further illustrated. The combination of a GIS and multi-criteria methods produces an excellent analysis tool that creates an extensive database of spatial and non-spatial data, which will be used to simplify problems as well as solve and promote the use of multiple criteria. A set of environmental, economic, social, and technical constrains, based on recent Cypriot legislation, European's Union policies, and expert advice, identifies the potential sites for solar park installation. The pairwise comparison method in the context of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to estimate the criteria weights in order to establish their relative importance in site evaluation. In addition, four different methods to combine information layers and check their sensitivity were used. The first considered all the criteria as being equally important and assigned them equal weight, whereas the others grouped the criteria and graded them according to their objective perceived importance. The overall suitability of the study region for sitting solar parks is appraised through the summation rule. Strict application of the framework depicts 3.0 % of the study region scoring a best-suitability index for solar resource exploitation, hence minimizing the risk in a potential investment. However, using different weighting schemes for criteria, suitable areas may reach up to 83 % of the study region. The suggested methodological framework applied can be easily utilized by potential investors and renewable energy developers, through a front end web-based application with proper GUI for personalized weighting schemes.
Insights into the water mean transit time in a high-elevation tropical
ecosystem
Authors: Mosquera Giovanny M. , Segura Catalina , Vaché Kellie B. , Windhorst David , Breuer Lutz , Crespo Patricio
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This study focuses on the investigation of the mean transit time (MTT) of water and its spatial variability in a tropical high-elevation ecosystem (wet Andean páramo). The study site is the Zhurucay River Ecohydrological Observatory (7.53 km2) located in southern Ecuador. A lumped parameter model considering five transit time distribution (TTD) functions was used to estimate MTTs under steady-state conditions (i.e., baseflow MTT). We used a unique data set of the δ18O isotopic composition of rainfall and streamflow water samples collected for 3 years (May 2011 to May 2014) in a nested monitoring system of streams. Linear regression between MTT and landscape (soil and vegetation cover, geology, and topography) and hydrometric (runoff coefficient and specific discharge rates) variables was used to explore controls on MTT variability, as well as mean electrical conductivity (MEC) as a possible proxy for MTT. Results revealed that the exponential TTD function best describes the hydrology of the site, indicating a relatively simple transition from rainfall water to the streams through the organic horizon of the wet páramo soils. MTT of the streams is relatively short (0.15–0.73 years, 53–264 days). Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between the catchment's average slope and MTT (R2 =  0.78, p < 0.05). MTT showed no significant correlation with hydrometric variables, whereas MEC increases with MTT (R2 =  0.89, p < 0.001). Overall, we conclude that (1) baseflow MTT confirms that the hydrology of the ecosystem is dominated by shallow subsurface flow; (2) the interplay between the high storage capacity of the wet páramo soils and the slope of the catchments provides the ecosystem with high regulation capacity; and (3) MEC is an efficient predictor of MTT variability in this system of catchments with relatively homogeneous geology.
Response of water temperatures and stratification to changing climate
in three lakes with different morphometry
Authors: Magee Madeline R. , Wu Chin H.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Water temperatures in three morphometrically different lakes are simulated using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model over the century (1911–2014) to elucidate the effects of increasing air temperature and decreasing wind speed on lake thermal variables (water temperature, stratification dates, strength of stratification, and surface heat fluxes). During the study period, epilimnetic temperatures increased, hypolimnetic temperatures decreased, and the length of the stratified season increased for the study lakes due to earlier stratification onset and later fall overturn. Additionally, there was an abrupt change in epilimnion temperature after 1930 in both Lake Mendota and Lake Wingra, and three changes, after 1934, 1995, and 2008 for Fish Lake. There was a significant change in the slope of trend of stratification duration after 1940 in Lake Mendota and a significant change in trend after 1981 for Fish Lake. Schmidt stability showed a statistically significant increasing trend for both deep lakes, with the larger trend and greater variability in the larger surface area lake. Sensible heat flux in all three lakes increases over the simulation period while longwave heat flux decreases. The shallow study lake had a greater change in latent heat flux and net heat flux, illustrating the role of lake depth to surface heat fluxes. Sensible heat flux in all three lakes had similar timing of abrupt changes, but the magnitude of the change increased with increasing depth. Abrupt changes in latent heat flux appear to be independent of lake morphometry, indicating that the timing of change may be primarily driven by climate. Perturbing drivers showed that increasing air temperature and decreasing wind speed caused earlier stratification onset and later fall overturn. For hypolimnetic water temperature, however, increasing air temperature warmed bottom waters while decreasing wind speed cooled bottom waters, indicating that the change of hypolimnetic temperatures globally may be influenced by local changes in wind speed. Overall, lake depth impacts the presence of stratification and magnitude of Schmidt stability, while lake surface area drives differences in hypolimnion temperature, hypolimnetic heating, variability of Schmidt stability, and stratification onset and fall overturn dates.
The European 2015 drought from a hydrological perspective
Authors: Laaha Gregor , Gauster Tobias , Tallaksen Lena M. , Vidal Jean-Philippe , Stahl Kerstin , Prudhomme Christel , Heudorfer Benedikt , Vlnas Radek , Ionita Monica , Van Lanen Henny A. J. , Adler Mary-Jeanne , Caillouet Laurie , Delus Claire , Fendekova Miriam , Gailliez Sebastien , Hannaford Jamie , Kingston Daniel , Van Loon Anne F. , Mediero Luis , Osuch Marzena , Romanowicz Renata , Sauquet Eric , Stagge James H. , Wong Wai K.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In 2015 large parts of Europe were affected by a drought. In two companion papers we summarize a collaborative initiative of members of UNESCO’s EURO FRIEND-Water program to perform a timely pan-European assessment of the event. In this second paper, we analyse the event of 2015 relative to the event of 2003 based on streamflow observations. Analyses are based on range of low flow and hydrological drought indices for about 800 records across Europe that were collected in a community effort based on a common protocol. We compare the hydrological footprints of both events with the meteorological footprints presented by Ionita et al. (2016), in order to learn from similarities and differences of both perspectives and to draw conclusions for drought management. Overall, the hydrological drought of 2015 is characterised by a different spatial extent than the drought of 2003. In terms of low flow magnitude, a region around the Czech Republic was most affected with annual low flows that exhibited return intervals of 100 years and more. In terms of deficit volumes, the geographical centre of the event was in the area of Southern Germany where the drought lasted particularly long. A detailed assessment at various spatial and temporal scales showed that the different behaviour in these regions was also a result of diverging wetness preconditions in the catchments. Extreme droughts emerged where antecedent conditions were particularly dry. In regions with wet preconditions, low flow events developed later, and were mostly less severe. The space-time patterns of monthly low flow characteristics show that meteorological and hydrological events spread differently across Europe, and they evolved differently in regard to extent and severity. The results underline that drought is a hazard that leaves different footprints on the various components of the water cycle, on different spatial and temporal scales. The different dynamic development of major hydrometeorological characteristics, temperature and precipitation anomalies versus the streamflow magnitude, duration and deficit volume also determine differences in the impacts of hydrological drought on various water use sectors and on river ecology. For an assessment of drought impacts on water resources, therefore, hydrological data is required in addition to the hydro-meteorological drought indices. Additional efforts with a pan-European dimension need to be undertaken to make timely hydrological assessments more operational in the future.
Computational Algorithms for Solving Spectral/$hp$ Stabilized Incompressible Flow Problems
Authors: Ranjan Rakesh , Chronopoulos Anthony Theodore , Feng Yusheng
Published: July 2016

In this paper we implement the element-by-element preconditioner and inexact Newton-Krylov methods (developed in the past) for solving stabilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems with spectral methods. Two different approaches are implemented for speeding up the process of solving both steady and unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The first approach concerns the application of a scalable preconditioner namely the element by element LU preconditioner, while the second concerns the application of Newton-Krylov (NK) methods for solving non-linear problems. We obtain good agreement with benchmark results on standard CFD problems for various Reynolds numbers. We solve the Kovasznay flow and flow past a cylinder at Re-$100$ with this approach. We also utilize the Newton-Krylov algorithm to solve (in parallel) important model problems such as flow past a circular obstacle in a Newtonian flow field, three dimensional driven cavity, flow past a three dimensional cylinder with different immersion lengths. We explore the scalability and robustness of the formulations for both approaches and obtain very good speedup. Effective implementations of these procedures demonstrate for relatively coarse macro-meshes
the power of higher order methods in obtaining highly accurate results in CFD. While the procedures adopted in the paper have been explored in the past the novelty lies with applications with higher order methods which have been known to be computationally intensive.
Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Administration in Extremely Low Birthweight Infants: A Review
Authors: Beinlich Steffi , V. Logomarsino John
Published: July 2016

The aim of this review was to evaluate the beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation on extremely low birthweight infants (birthweight <1000 g). Extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants are the most vulnerable population in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). They are at the highest risk for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis, and inadequate nutrition due to their immature gastrointestinal (GI) function. Nutrition plays an important role in the future neurodevelopmental outcomes of these infants. Research methods for the review were conducted using PubMed and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). In total, eight research studies evaluated the effect of probiotic use in ELBW infants: three studies assessed GI colonization, five studies assessed enteral feeding and GI tolerance, one study assessed growth, five studies assessed NEC, five studies assessed sepsis, and two studies assessed length of hospital stay. This review found the use of probiotics improved GI tolerance, weight gain and length of hospital stay in ELBW infants, but was unable to make conclusions on the effect of probiotic use on incidences of NEC and sepsis. More research is needed in ELBW infants before making probiotic supplementation a standard of care in this population.
In Situ Trans-Esterification of Residual Oils in Spent Bleaching Clays from Vegetable Oil Refineries
Authors: Phakahan Prapassorn , Aryusuk Kornkanok , Lilitchan Supathra , Krisnangkura Kanit
Published: July 2016

Spent bleaching clays (SBCs) from vegetable oil refineries are industrial wastes. The clays contain large amount of oils (20-25%), which are good feedstock for biodiesels. Non-thermal in situ trans-methylation and trans-ethylation of oils in the SBC from rice bran oil (RBO), crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) are rapid and can be accomplished in minutes with an alkaline catalyst. Thus, the process may possibly be used for large scale preparation of ethyl biodiesel.
Emotion recognition based on customized smart bracelet with built-in accelerometer
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Song Yufei , Cui Liqing , Liu Xiaoqian , Zhu Tingshao
Published: July 2016

Background:Recently, emotion recognition has become a hot topic in human-computer interaction. If computers could understand human emotions, they could interact better with their users. This paper proposes a novel method to recognize human emotions (neutral, happy, and angry) using a smart bracelet with built-in accelerometer.

Methods:In this study, a total of 123 participants were instructed to wear a customized smart bracelet with built-in accelerometer that can track and record their movements. Firstly, participants walked two minutes as normal, which served as walking behaviors in a neutral emotion condition. Participants then watched emotional film clips to elicit emotions (happy and angry). The time interval between watching two clips was more than four hours. After watching film clips, they walked for one minute, which served as walking behaviors in a happy or angry emotion condition. We collected raw data from the bracelet and extracted a few features from raw data. Based on these features, we built classification models for classifying three types of emotions (neutral, happy, and angry).

Results and Discussion:For two-category classification, the classification accuracy can reach 91.3% (neutral vs. angry), 88.5% (neutral vs. happy), and 88.5% (happy vs. angry), respectively; while, for the differentiation among three types of emotions (neutral, happy, and angry), the accuracy can reach 81.2%.

Conclusions:Using wearable devices, we found it is possible to recognize human emotions (neutral, happy, and angry) with fair accuracy. Results of this study may be useful to improve the performance of human-computer interaction.
Effects of interannual events (1997–2012) on the hydrography and phytoplankton biomass of Sebastián Vizcaíno Bay
Authors: Martínez-Fuentes Luz María , Gaxiola-Castro Gilberto , Gómez-Ocampo Eliana , Kahru Mati
Published: July 2016

Sebastián Vizcaíno Bay (Baja California Peninsula, Mexico) presents hydrographic conditions and phytoplankton biomass corresponding to a temperate/subtropical transition zone affected by large-scale tropical and subtropical events and those events originating in the subpolar Pacific region. Conditions in the first 50 m depth of the bay are mostly temperate (average temperature: 15.5 ºC; average salinity: 33.6) and mesotrophic (phytoplankton biomass: >1 mg m–3). During spring and summer the bay is heavily influenced by the water transported by the California Current and the coastal upwelling generated off Punta Canoas. During the rest of the year the hydrography and phytoplankton biomass are mostly associated with subtropical conditions. The ENSO events arising in the period 1997–2012 affected the bay’s water column. The extreme 1997–1998 El Niño generated increases of ~8 ºC in temperature and ~0.8 in salinity. Local dynamic processes decreased the effects of moderate and weak El Niño events on phytoplankton biomass, with possible changes in the plankton functional groups. Due to the mostly temperate environment of the bay, the moderate 1998–2000 and 2010–2011 La Niña events did not generate a substantial change in the hydrography and phytoplankton biomass. However, the abundant subarctic water inflow in the period 2002–2006 abruptly decreased salinity and led to increased stratification of the water column and a reduction in phytoplankton chlorophyll.
Estresse e coping em familiares de pacientes no transoperatório de cirurgia cardíaca Stress and coping among patients’ relatives in the transoperative of cardiac surgery
Authors: Martins Graciele Locatelli , Siqueira Fernanda Duarte , Benetti Eliane Raquel Rieth , Dezordi Cátia Cristiane Matte , Bittencourt Vivian Lemes Lobo , Fernandes Stumm Eniva Miladi
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: avaliar estresse e coping de familiares de pacientes no transoperatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, realizada em um hospital porte IV, com 53 familiares que aguardavam na sala de espera do centro cirúrgico. Os dados foram coletados em março e abril de 2013, por meio de formulário de dados sociodemográficos e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress e Inventário de Coping de Jalowiec. Projeto de pesquisa aprovado por Comitê de Ética, Parecer n° 198.527. Resultados: 60% são mulheres, idade entre 18 a 58 anos, casadas, com filhos, católicas, a maioria filhas dos pacientes. Quanto às fases de estresse, 60% se encontravam na Fase Intermediária e o estilo de coping mais utilizado foi o Sustentativo. Conclusão: os resultados podem subsidiar profissionais da saúde, pesquisadores e gestores, mobilizar ações integradas visando qualificar a assistência no perioperatório, com ênfase no cuidado aos pacientes e familiares.
Temas abordados nos grupos educativos de saúde sexual e reprodutiva: uma revisão integrativa Themes addressed in educational groups of sexual and reproductive health: an integrative review
Authors: Paiva Carla Cardi Nepomuceno de , Villar Alana Stephanie Esteves , Silva Maíra Domingues Bernardes , Souza Nayara Araujo de , Lemos Adriana
Published: July 2016

Objetivos: Identificar e analisar as publicações científicas nacionais sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva na perspectiva do grupo educativo, segundo as diretrizes nacionais que orientam tal prática. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica nacional na base de dado da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde no período de Julho a Agosto de 2014, tendo como base artigos que versavam sobre grupos educativos de contracepção. Resultados: Dentre os 33 artigos identificados, conforme critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 10. Os temas eram diversificados, assim como a população, porém, alguns estudos enfocaram aborto, tipos de violência e gênero, sendo que outros restringiram-se a métodos contraceptivos e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Conclusões: Verificou-se lacunas na literatura no que tange às questões que envolvem os temas abordados nas práticas educativas de saúde sexual e reprodutiva e o que é preconizado pelas diretrizes, uma vez que tais abordagens desconsideram as necessidades dos participantes.
GLP-1 for Treating Obesity—Origin, History, and Evolution
Authors: Knudsen Lotte Bjerre
Published: September 2024

In this Viewpoint, 2024 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award winner Lotte Bjerre Knudsen describes her discovery of glucagon-like peptide-1 for the treatment of patients with obesity.
Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival of Prostate Cancer in the UK
Authors: Tan Eng Hooi , Burn Edward , Barclay Nicola L. , Delmestri Antonella , Man Wai Yi , Golozar Asieh , Serrano Àlvar Roselló , Duarte-Salles Talita , Cornford Philip , Prieto Alhambra Daniel , Newby Danielle ,   OPTIMA Consortium
Published: September 2024

Importance

Incidence, prevalence, and survival are pertinent measures to inform the management and provision of prostate cancer care.

Objective

To calculate the incidence, prevalence, and survival rates for prostate cancer in the UK from 2000 to 2021.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study uses routinely collected primary care data from the UK. Male patients aged 18 years or older with at least 1 year of history registered in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD or Aurum were included. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to March 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prostate cancer incidence rates (IR), period prevalence (PP), and 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival after diagnosis between 2000 and 2021, stratified by age and calendar years.

Results

This study included 64 925 and 133 200 patients with prostate cancer in CPRD GOLD and Aurum, respectively, with a median age of 72 (65-78) years. The overall IR of prostate cancer was 151.7 (95% CI, 150.6 to 152.9) per 100 000 person-years in GOLD to 153.1 (95% CI, 152.3 to 153.9) per 100 000 person-years for Aurum and increased with age. The incidence of prostate cancer increased from 109 per 100 000 person-years in 2000 to 159 per 100 000 person-years in 2021. Peaks of incidence occurred in 2004 and 2018, before a decline in 2020. PP increased 3.5 times over the study period for both databases, from 0.4% in 2000 to 1.4% in 2021. IR and PP were highest in those aged 80 to 89 years. Median (95% CI) survival was similar in both databases (GOLD: 10.9 [95% CI, 10.7-11.1] years and Aurum: 11.1 [95% CI, 11.0-11.2] years). Survival at 1, 5, and 10 years after diagnosis were 93.4% (95% CI, 93.2%-93.6%), 71.8% (95% CI, 71.4%-72.2%), 53.2% (95% CI, 52.6%-53.7%) in GOLD and 93.9% (95% CI, 93.7%-94.0%), 72.7% (95% CI, 72.5%-73.0%), 53.7% (95% CI, 53.3%-54.1%) in AURUM, respectively. Survival increased over time: 1-year survival was 94.8% (95% CI, 94.5%-95.2%) in those diagnosed between 2015 to 2019 compared with 90.8% (95% CI, 90.2%-91.3%) from 2000 to 2004; 5-year survival improved from 65.3% (95% CI, 64.4%-66.3%) from 2000 to 2004 to 75.3% (95% CI, 74.4%-76.3%) in 2015 to 2019.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this population-based cohort study, incidence and prevalence increased with older age, with high survival rates reflecting a high burden of disease, particularly in the management of cancer survivorship in an aging population. Health care systems should consider this when managing the increasing numbers of people with prevalent prostate cancer.
Thirteen-Year Follow-Up of Conjunctival Amyloidosis
Authors: Lovett Eric A. , Catapano Thomas M. , Shields Carol L.
Published: September 2024

This case report discusses a diagnosis of conjunctival amyloidosis in an otherwise asymptomatic male aged 71 years with 13-year follow-up.
Real-Time Visualization of a Transient Retinal Embolus
Authors: Bjerager Jakob , Jørgensen Morten , Hamann Steffen
Published: September 2024

This case report describes the real-time imaging of a transient retinal embolus in a patient experiencing episodes of monocular vision loss.
Biogeographical patterns in the seasonality of bird collisions with aircraft
Authors: Vaishnav Tirth , Haywood John , Burns Kevin C.
Published: September 2024

Bird collisions with aircraft pose a serious threat to human safety. However, broad‐scale patterns in how bird strikes might vary through space and time have yet to be fully understood.

Here, we conducted a biogeographical study of bird strikes to answer two questions: (1) Are bird strikes higher at certain times of the year in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres? and (2) Is seasonality in bird strikes more prominent in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere?

To answer these questions, we collated data on monthly bird strikes from 122 airports across the globe and used circular statistics to test for hemispherical asymmetries in the circular mean and variance in bird strikes.

Results showed that annual peaks in bird strikes occurred between late summer to autumn seasons, and as a result, they occurred at opposite times of year in the northern and southern hemispheres. Results also showed that bird strikes were more seasonal in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere, where strikes tended to occur more consistently throughout the year.

Practical implication: Overall results indicate that avian collisions with aircraft show strong biogeographical patterning, concomitant with global patterns in bird breeding seasons and migration tendencies.
Low Socioeconomic Status and Female Sex are Associated With Worse Functional Status in Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Stovall Rachael , Li Jing , Fitzpatrick Jessica , Roberts Eric , Palmowski Andriko , Anastasiou Christine , Izadi Zara , Friedly Janna , Singh Namrata , Gensler Lianne S. , Schmajuk Gabriela , Yazdany Jinoos
Published: September 2024

Objective

We determined whether socioeconomic status (SES) and sex are associated with functional status (FS) in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods

We conducted a cohort study of patients with axSpA in the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness registry. We performed cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of FS through the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) using generalized estimating equation models. Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was used as an SES proxy. The cross‐sectional analysis tested for a linear trend across ADI quintiles for MDHAQ. The longitudinal analysis’ outcome was functional decline. We reported predictive margins and assessed for interaction with sex. In the longitudinal analysis, we reported odds of functional decline.

Results

In the cross‐sectional analysis (N = 5,658), the mean ± SD age was 53.8 ± 15.2 years, 55.8% were female, and 71.4% were non‐Hispanic White. The mean ± SD MDHAQ scores were 1.6 ± 2.0 in men versus 2.1 ± 2.2 in women. Predicted mean MDHAQ scores were 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–2.7) for the lowest ADI quintile and 1.8 (95% CI 1.4–2.1) for the highest. Women had lower FSs compared to men across quintiles. In the longitudinal analysis (n = 2,341), the proportion with FS decline was 14.3% (95% CI 7.6–25.5%) for the lowest SES quintile compared to 9.6% (95% CI 5.2–17.1%) for the highest. Women had 1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.2) times higher odds of functional decline compared to men. There was no interaction with sex.

Conclusion

In this large sample of patients with axSpA, those with lower SES had worse FS and functional decline. Women had worse FS than men, initially and over time.
Nano‐High Entropy Materials in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yan Xinyue , Zhou Yansong , Wang Shuangyin
Published: September 2024

High entropy materials (HEMs) compositing of at least five elements have gained widespread attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their tunable activities and high stability. These intrinsic properties can be further highlighted when the size of HEMs comes to the nanoscale. In nanostructured HEMs, the fascinating properties including large composition space, multi‐element synergy, and high configuration entropy are expected to endow nano‐HEMs with excellent catalytic activity and stability, thus providing greater potential for the design of advanced electrocatalysts. In this review, nano‐HEMs are differentiated in detail in dimensions and the common synthesis methods are summarized. Additionally, from the perspective of the complex nanostructure‐performance relationship, the applications of nano‐HEMs in electrocatalysis systems, including water‐splitting (hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER)), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) are discussed. Finally, the main challenges faced by nano‐HEMs electrocatalysis are underscored. This review is expected to provide more insights into understanding and developing efficient electrocatalytic materials for practical applications.
Bioinspired Asymmetric‐Adhesion Janus Hydrogel Patch Regulating by Zwitterionic Polymers for Wet Tissues Adhesion and Postoperative Adhesion Prevention
Authors: Li Shuangyang , Liu Lingyuan , Qiao Fengtao , Ma Jinzhu , Miao Hui , Gao Shangdong , Ma Yongqiang , Yu Xinghui , Liu Siyuan , Yuan Haicheng , Dong Anjie
Published: September 2024

Asymmetrically adhesive hydrogel patch with robust wet tissue adhesion simultaneously anti‐postoperative adhesion is essential for clinical applications in internal soft‐tissue repair and postoperative anti‐adhesion. Herein, inspired by the lubricative role of serosa and the underwater adhesion mechanism of mussels, an asymmetrically adhesive hydrogel Janus patch is developed with adhesion layer (AL) and anti‐adhesion layer (anti‐AL) through an in situ step‐by‐step polymerization process in the mold. The AL exhibits excellent adhesion to internal soft‐tissues. In contrast, the anti‐AL demonstrated ultralow fouling property against protein and fibroblasts, which hinders the early and advanced stages of development of the adhesion. Moreover, the Janus patch simultaneously promotes tissue regeneration via ROS clearance capability of catechol moieties in the AL. Results from in vivo experiments with rabbits and rats demonstrate that the AL strongly adheres to traumatized tissue, while the anti‐AL surface demonstrate efficacy in preventing of post‐abdominal surgery adhesions in contrast to clinical patches. Considering the advantages in terms of therapeutic efficacy and off the shelf, the Janus patch developed in this work presents a promise for preventing postoperative adhesions and promoting regeneration of internal tissue defects.
Unveiling the Unusual Electron–Phonon Interaction and Quasi‐Particle Dynamics in type‐II Weyl Semimetal NbIrTe4
Authors: Sun Kaiwen , Liu Xiangqi , Wang Chen , Lin Xian , Suo Peng , Guo Yanfeng , Ma Guohong
Published: September 2024

Layered ternary type‐II Weyl semimetals demonstrate promising applications in high‐performance and broadband optoelectronics, therefore it is crucial to gain insights into their photocarriers’ dynamics. In this work, the probing polarization dependence of non‐equilibrium dynamics in NbIrTe4 is investigated by using transient reflectivity spectroscopy. Following photoexcitation at 3.18 eV, the dynamical response of 1.59 eV probe pulse exhibits a strong dependence on probe polarization. The relaxation comprises two components: a rapid recovery of ≈0.6 ps attributed to the electron–phonon scattering, and an anomalous slow recovery spanning hundreds of picoseconds attributed to the photoinduced quasi‐particle. The polarization dependence of rapid relaxation time τ is indicative of the in‐plane anisotropy of electron–phonon coupling in NbIrTe4. The slow relaxation modulated by a latest reported 16 cm−1 coherent phonon also shows strong probing polarization dependence, further revealing the anisotropic nature of electron–phonon coupling and the possibility of anisotropic lattice distortion, as well as photoinduced polaron, under ultrafast photoexcitation in NbIrTe4. The dynamical anisotropy in NbIrTe4 has provided valuable guidance for the application of NbIrTe4 in polarization‐sensitive nonlinear optics or optoelectronic devices and offers insights into the unique carrier transport as well as phonon transport properties of this newly established topological material.
Sustainable Heat Generation in Flow from a Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage System
Authors: Magson Lucien , Maggiolo Dario , Kalagasidis Angela Sasic , Henninger Stefan , Munz Gunther , Knäbbeler‐Buß Markus , Hölzel Helen , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Sampedro Diego
Published: September 2024

As the global deployment of renewable technologies accelerate, finding efficient ways to store energy will aid in responding to shifting energy demands. A prospective option not only in harvesting solar energy but also in emission‐free heating is MOlecular Solar Thermal (MOST) energy storage. A central part of MOST applications is to develop methods to release the stored energy. Herein, the Quadricyclane (QC)‐to‐Norbornadiene catalyzed back reaction is explored in a specially designed packed‐bed reactor. Four distinctly sized and purposely synthesized platinum on activated carbon catalysts are studied to trigger the heat release from the energy‐dense QC isomer. The catalysts are fully characterized using a variety of structural, surface, and spectroscopic techniques. Parameters to optimize catalytic conversion and heat release in flow conditions are explored including particle size and packing behavior, flow rates, and molecular residence times. Moreover, using CO pulse chemisorption technique, site time yield values and a turnover number are reported. Complementary to the flow reactions, computational fluid dynamic simulations applying lattice Boltzmann methods to two catalytic packed beds of different size ranges are done to evaluate fluid‐dynamic behavior within the reactor bed to ascertain the ideal particle size and packing density for catalysis in MOST applications.
An Empirical Examination of BuyBox Assignments in Online Grocery Retail
Authors: Etumnu Chinonso E. , Malone Trey
Published: September 2024

In Amazon's marketplaces across the globe, multiple sellers sell the same product, leading Amazon to introduce BuyBox. This box‐like feature, located on the top‐right corner of product pages, prominently displays a single seller at a given time. Using a choice model and a panel dataset of over 290,000 unique grocery products from five countries, our study investigates the key factors that influence BuyBox assignments. We found that winning the BuyBox is primarily determined by competitive pricing—being the lowest‐price seller for a 180‐day period significantly improves the chances of a BuyBox assignment. Furthermore, maintaining low current product prices, low sales ranks, and minimal out‐of‐stock percentages are crucial in becoming a BuyBox seller. These findings affect Amazon and its extensive network of over 2 million third‐party sellers, who navigate the increasingly competitive and dynamic E‐commerce landscape.