bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute pulmonary edema and thrombocytopenia following venous air embolism during sitting position neurosurgery
Authors: Saigal Deepti , Ganjoo Pragati , Tetarway Madhumita , Kiro Kiranlata
Published: January 2015

Venous air embolism (VAE) is a well-known complication of sitting position neurosurgery which most characteristically manifests as mild to severe hemodynamic alterations. Development of pulmonary edema is a known, though infrequent, manifestation of VAE. We report here the occurrence of acute pulmonary edema without accompanying hemodynamic changes in a patient undergoing retromastoid craniotomy and tumor decompression in the sitting position. The patient required supportive treatment and elective ventilation for 11 days before the edema resolved. He also developed significant postoperative thrombocytopenia which though, was self-limiting. Thus, VAE may manifest with atypical manifestations like pulmonary edema and thrombocytopenia that can significantly contribute to postoperative patient morbidity.
Museums, Manga, Memorials and Korean-Japanese History Wars
Authors: KINGSTON Jeff
Published: January 2015

This paper examines why the history wars between South Korea and Japan are intensifying in the 21st century and the prospects for reconciliation. South Korea’s history museums promote anti-Japanese nationalism, making it difficult to unshackle the present from the past. In 2014 there was controversy over a Japanese manga exhibit that resonates with broader bilateral disputes over colonial history ranging from the comfort women to forced labor. These battles over the shared past have become internationalized, stoking mutual vilification and jingoistic sentiments
Determinants of personality in the scope of motivation for maintaining abstinence in the case of male alcohol-dependent individuals concluding therapy
Authors: Chodkiewicz Jan
Published: January 2015

Background

The results of numerous studies indicate strong associations of personality with the occurrence, and also with the treatment, of alcohol dependence. However, there is no agreement regarding the role of particular dimensions of temperament and character in the course of, and for the results of, alcohol rehabilitation therapy. The objective of the present research was to investigate the relationships between the dimensions of temperament and character as they are presented by Robert Cloninger and motivation for maintaining abstinence in the case of male alcohol-dependent individuals concluding the therapy.

Participants and procedure

Eighty-nine male alcohol-dependent individuals, concluding alcohol rehabilitation therapy in an outpatient setting, were studied. The following research tools were applied: the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) of R. Clo­ninger in the Polish adaptation of E. Hornowska (2003), and the Motivation for Maintaining Abstinence Inventory, the author of which is M. Ziółkowski.

Results

Two clusters, differing in the aspect of motivation for maintaining abstinence after the conclusion of the treatment, were distinguished: of individuals manifesting weaker motivation (n = 39) and those manifesting stronger motivation (n = 50). The patients with stronger motivation manifested the following major features: a lower level of harm avoidance, a higher level of reward dependence, and a higher level of cooperativeness.

Conclusions

Personality as it is presented by Cloninger manifests connections with motivation for maintaining abstinence. The research confirms the need for diagnosing addicted patients in the scope of temperament and character traits.
Construct validity, dimensionality and factorial invariance of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: a bifactor modelling approach among children of prisoners
Authors: Sharratt Kathryn , Boduszek Daniel , Jones Adele , Gallagher Bernard
Published: January 2015

Background

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) has traditionally been conceptualised as a unidimensional measure of self-esteem, but empirical evidence is equivocal, with some studies supporting a one-factor solution and others favouring multidimensional models.

Participants and procedure

The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure, factorial invariance and composite reliability of the RSES within a European sample of children affected by parental imprisonment (N = 724). The study specified and tested six alternative factor models using conventional confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) techniques and a confirmatory bifactor modelling approach.

Results

The RSES was most effectively represented by a bifactor model including a general self-esteem factor comprising all ten scale items and separate method effects for the positively and negatively phrased items. This model was found to be factorially invariant among boys and girls. Composite reliability indicated good internal consistency for the general self-esteem dimension but slightly less so for the positive and negative method effects.

Conclusions

It follows that the calculation of a total RSES score is appropriate for children of prisoners, providing that the presence of method effects is taken into consideration to avoid giving rise to false interpretations. This study demonstrated the application of a bifactorial modeling approach as a potential solution.
Attachment styles and anxiety of rejecters in intimate relationships
Authors: Mandal Eugenia , Latusek Anna
Published: January 2015

Background

In this paper, the problem of the lack of stability of intimate female-male relationships, the intensity of which is currently increasing, is presented. Attention is focused on early-childhood attachment styles and anxiety in rejecters in intimate relationships.

Participants and procedure

The research included 120 individuals: 60 individuals who had dropped 3-15 partners (on average, M = 3.77 partners) and 60 individuals from the control group. The following research tools were applied: the Attachment Styles Inventory, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Results

The results showed that rejecters in intimate relationships obtained higher results than individuals from the control group in an avoidant and an anxious-ambivalent attachment style, and lower ones in a secure attachment style, as well as higher ones in anxiety as a trait. Sex itself was not a differentiating factor in any of the studied variables. An avoidant attachment style, and anxiety as a trait, were predictors of being a rejecter.

Conclusions

The obtained results confirm the fundamental findings of the theory of attachment indicating that the lower the level of a secure style is, the lower is the level of interpersonal skills.
Depressive symptom clusters among the elderly: a longitudinal study of course and its correlates
Authors: Kroemeke Aleksandra , Gruszczyńska Ewa
Published: January 2015

Background

The longitudinal course of depressive symptoms among the elderly was examined over a one-month follow-up period. The aim of the study was to identify clusters of change as well as their correlates, including demographic variables and coping strategies (brooding, reflection, co-rumination, and positive reappraisal).

Participants and procedure

Two hundred and seventy-seven seniors (age 77.39 ±9.20 years, 67.50% women) were assessed twice within one month with the 11-item version of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Demographic and clinical characteristics were measured at baseline together with coping strategies. Selected items from Ruminative Response Styles (brooding, reflection), the Co-Rumination Questionnaire (co-rumination), and mini-COPE (positive reframing) were used.

Results

On the basis of a two-step cluster analysis, four clusters of depression course were recognized: low stable (n = 53), medium stable (n = 101), high increasing (n = 69), and very high stable (n = 54). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that higher number of diseases, higher brooding and lower positive reappraisal were associated with increased likelihood of belonging to the higher symptom groups. No significant gender effect was noted.

Conclusions

A non-clinical sample of older people appeared to be heterogeneous regarding symptoms of depression and its course. However, only 19.00% of participants reported a low level of depression. Strategies of coping with health concerns may play a significant role here, as brooding and positive reappraisal significantly differentiate between clusters of low stable and high stable symptoms, even after control for a proxy of objective health status.
Bone and adipose tissue – more and more interdependence
Authors: Dytfeld Joanna
Published: January 2015

Wspólnym prekursorem osteoblastów i adipocytów w szpiku kostnym są mezenchymalne komórki progenitorowe. Wpływ różnorakich czynników warunkuje ich różnicowanie się w kierunku jednej z tych linii, co może mieć znaczenie dla późniejszych zmian patologicznych układu kostnego. Liczne dowody z badań eksperymentalnych i klinicznych przemawiają także za wzajemnymi wielorakimi zależnościami między szkieletem a tkanką tłuszczową. Liczne produkty adipocytów – leptyna, adiponektyna i inne – w sposób pośredni lub bezpośredni wpływają na zachodzące nieustannie procesy kościotworzenia i resorpcji kostnej. Wiedza na ich temat weryfikuje nasze poglądy na temat otyłości, osteoporozy i złamań niskoenergetycznych. Wiadomo także, że remodeling kostny, proces wymagający energii, jest w dużym stopniu zależny od insuliny, a tkanka kostna wytwarza osteokalcynę – hormon, którego rola daleko wykracza poza wyznaczanie ram obrotu kostnego. Coraz więcej faktów przemawia za endokrynną funkcją szkieletu.
Assessment of pulmonary changes in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus – application of high resolution computed tomography
Authors: Jeka Sławomir , Żuchowski Paweł , Dura Marta , Wojciechowski Rafał , Sokólska Elżbieta
Published: January 2015

Toczeń rumieniowaty układowy (TRU) jest chorobą autoimmunologiczną prowadzącą do przewlekłego procesu zapalnego w tkankach i narządach. Wśród objawów ze strony układu oddechowego dominuje suche lub wysiękowe zapalenie opłucnej. Mogą wystąpić również zmiany śródmiąższowe, których skutki są różne w zależności od stopnia ich nasilenia. W skrajnych przypadkach mogą nawet prowadzić do śmierci. W artykule opisano trzy chore na TRU z różnym stopniem zaawansowania zmian narządowych leczone w Klinice Reumatologii. Chore w czasie procesu diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego miały m.in. wy­konywane badania rentgenowskie (RTG) klatki piersiowej i tomografię komputerową wysokiej rozdzielczości (HRCT) płuc. Na podstawie wyników badań RTG klatki piersiowej u żadnej z pacjentek nie stwierdzono zmian śródmiąższowych płuc, natomiast w badaniu HRCT odnotowano także zmiany u każdej z badanych kobiet. W ocenie zmian płucnych w przebiegu TRU wykonane badanie HRCT pozwala na rozpoznanie powikłań narządowych we wczesnej fazie i zastosowanie odpowiedniego leczenia.
Bone metabolism in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Żuber Zbigniew , Jurecka Agnieszka , Król-Zdechlikiewicz Anna , Różdżyńska-Świątkowska Agnieszka , Tylki-Szymańska Anna
Published: January 2015

Cel pracy: Ocena metabolizmu kostnego u chorych na mukopolisacharydozę typu II (MPS II) w celu lepszego zrozumienia mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za patologię kostną w MPS.

Materiał i metody: Analizie poddano wybrane parametry metabolizmu kostnego pacjentów chorujących na MPS II (n = 7, wiek 4–28 lat, średnia 11,6, mediana 7). Metabolizm kostny oceniano na podstawie: a) stężenia wapnia, fosforu, fosfatazy alkalicznej, parathormonu, witaminy 25(OH)D, b) parametrów tworzenia kości (osteokalcyna) i resorpcji (B-CrossLaps), c) gęstości mineralnej kości (BMD) kręgosłupa lędźwiowego o podwójnej energii promieniowania rentgenowskiego (DXA), d) zdjęć rentgenowskich układu kostno-stawowego.

Wyniki: Wszyscy pacjenci mieli prawidłowe stężenie wapnia w surowicy, u większości chorych odnotowano odchylenia od normy w zakresie innych oznaczanych parametrów metabolizmu wapnia, w postaci: hipofosfatemii (4/7), zmniejszenia stężenia fosfatazy alkalicznej (2/7), zwiększenia stężenia parathormonu (4/7) oraz zmniejszenia stężenia witaminy D (6/7), które u 3 pacjentów było związane z wtórną nadczynnością przytarczyc. U 5 chorych stwierdzono zwiększone stężenia osteokalcyny, u wszystkich pacjentów odnotowano duże stężenia β-CTx. U 2 dorosłych pacjentów wyniki DXA wskazywały na osteoporozę (T-score –3,9 i –5,7), natomiast u 3 pacjentów w wieku rozwojowym wyniki badań DXA (Z-score) były w granicach normy. Badania rentgenowskie układu kostnego wykazały zmiany charakterystyczne dla osób chorujących na mukopolisacharydozy typu dysostosis multiplex u wszystkich badanych osób – zarówno dorosłych, jak i dzieci.

Wnioski: 1. U osób chorujących na MPS II odnotowywane są zaburzenia parametrów metabolizmu kostnego, chorzy ci mogą być bardziej narażeni na osteoporozę lub osteomalację. 2. U wszystkich chorych na MPS może być konieczna suplementacja witaminą D.
Serum IgG galactosylation in psoriatic arthritis patients undergoing a biological treatment. A preliminary report
Authors: Jakubiak-Augustyn Anna , Sokolik Renata , Duk Maria , Szechiński Jacek , Wiland Piotr , Lisowska Elwira , Sobczyński Maciej , Krotkiewski Hubert
Published: January 2015

Cel pracy: Grupa pacjentów z łuszczycowym zapaleniem stawów (ŁZS, 11 osób) została poddana leczeniu. Od każdego pacjenta pobrano dwie próbki surowicy: przed leczeniem (próbka before) i po zakończeniu leczenia (próbka after). Wykonane badanie miało na celu uzyskanie informacji, czy leczenie pacjentów z ŁZS poprawia galaktozylację N-glikanów w IgG, co zostało uprzednio wykazane dla pacjentów z reumatoidalnym zapaleniem stawów (RZS).

Materiał i metody: Immunoglobulinę G (IgG) izolowano z surowicy pacjentów z ŁZS, przed i po leczeniu, stosując chromatografię powinowactwa na kolumnie białko A-sefaroza. Następnie analizowano w niej zawartość galaktozy, stosując metodę chromatografii gazowej (GC-MS) oraz test ELISA z użyciem dwóch lektyn: Ricinus communis (RCA-I) i Griffonia simplicifolia (GSL-II). Na podstawie wyników testu ELISA dla każdej analizowanej próbki IgG obliczono współczynnik agalaktozylacji (AF).

Wyniki: Uzyskane wyniki dotyczyły zawartości galaktozy w próbkach IgG, obliczenia współczynnika AF oraz oznaczenia dwóch parametrów laboratoryjnych: odczynu Biernackiego (OB) oraz stężenia białka C-reaktywnego (CRP) w surowicy. Na podstawie metod statystycznych wykazano, że średnia różnica (d) wartości współczynnika AF próbek IgG before i after dla pacjentów z ŁZS wyniosła MedHL = –0.097 (CI95%, –0,49–0,25), co oznacza, że zastosowane leczenie nie wpłynęło na wartość współczynnika AF w tej grupie pacjentów w sposób znamienny statystycznie (p = 0,2936).

Wnioski: Badania wykazały, że w przeciwieństwie do pacjentów z RZS, galaktozylacja IgG u pacjentów z ŁZS, poddanych leczeniu, nie wykazała zmian statystycznie znamiennych.
IgG4-related disease and systemic vasculitis – is there any connection?
Authors: Masiak Anna , Zdrojewski Zbigniew
Published: January 2015

Choroby IgG4-zależne to stosunkowo nowa grupa schorzeń o niewyjaśnionej dotychczas etiologii. Charakteryzują się one zwiększonym stężeniem podklasy IgG4 immunoglobulin w surowicy i naciekami tkankowymi z komórek IgG4-dodatnich z typowym włóknieniem zajętych narządów. Zwiększone stężenie IgG4 może występować w wielu innych chorobach przebiegających z przewlekłym stanem zapalnym. W ostatnich latach zwraca się uwagę, że może to dotyczyć również chorych na układowe zapalenia naczyń, szczególnie ANCA-dodatnie. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest chęć zwrócenia uwagi na fakt, iż w niektórych przypadkach zarówno objawy kliniczne, jak i obraz histopatologiczny chorób IgG4-zależnych i układowych zapaleń naczyń mogą być podobne. Znaczenie zwiększonego stężenia IgG4 u chorych z AAV (ANCA-associated vasculitis) jest niejasne i wymaga dalszych badań.
A case of coexistence of Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes in a 15-year-old boy
Authors: Swacha Zbigniew , Rutkowska-Sak Lidia , Gazda Agnieszka
Published: January 2015

Zespół Marfana (ZM) oraz zespół Ehlersa-Danlosa (ZED) to przykłady dwóch rzadkich uwarunkowanych genetycznie chorób, charakteryzujących się zaburzeniami w budowie kolagenu. W pracy przedstawiono przypadek 15-letniego chłopca z klasycznymi objawami klinicznymi współistnienia ZM oraz ZED. Występujące objawy, a przede wszystkim nieprawidłowe nawyki ruchowe, mogły sugerować zapalną układową chorobę tkanki łącznej.
Can we retrieve a clear paleoclimatic signal from the deeper part of the EPICA Dome C ice core?
Authors: Tison J.-L. , de Angelis M. , Littot G. , Wolff E. , Fischer H. , Hansson M. , Bigler M. , Udisti R. , Wegner A. , Jouzel J. , Stenni B. , Johnsen S. , Masson-Delmotte V. , Landais A. , Lipenkov V. , Loulergue L. , Barnola J.-M. , Petit J.-R. , Delmonte B. , Dreyfus G. , Dahl-Jensen D. , Durand G. , Bereiter B. , Schilt A. , Spahni R. , Pol K. , Lorrain R. , Souchez R. , Samyn D.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. An important share of paleoclimatic information is buried within the lowermost layers of deep ice cores. Because improving our records further back in time is one of the main challenges in the near future, it is essential to judge how deep these records remain unaltered, since the proximity of the bedrock is likely to interfere both with the recorded temporal sequence and the ice properties. In this paper, we present a multiparametric study (δD-δ18Oice, δ18Oatm, total air content, CO2, CH4, N2O, dust, high resolution chemistry, ice texture) of the bottom 60 m of the EPICA Dome C ice core from central Antarctica. These bottom layers have been subdivided in two sections: the lower 12 m showing visible solid inclusions (basal ice) and the 48 m above which we refer to as "deep ice". Some of the data are consistent with a pristine paleoclimatic signal, others show clear anomalies. It is demonstrated that neither large scale bottom refreezing of subglacial water, nor mixing (be it internal or with a local basal end-term from a previous/initial ice sheet configuration) can explain the observed bottom ice properties. We focus on the high-resolution chemical profiles and on the available remote sensing data on the subglacial topography of the site to propose a mechanism by which relative stretching of the bottom ice sheet layers is made possible, due to the progressively confining effect of subglacial valley sides. This stress field change, combined with bottom ice temperature close to the pressure melting point, induces accelerated migration recrystallization, which results in spatial chemical sorting of the impurities, depending on their state (dissolved vs. solid) and if they are involved or not in salt formation. This chemical sorting effect is responsible for the progressive build-up of the visible solid aggregates that therefore mainly originate "from within", and not from incorporation processes of allochtone material at the ice–bedrock interface. We also discuss how the proposed mechanism is compatible with the other variables described. We conclude that the paleoclimatic signal is only marginally affected in terms of global ice properties at the bottom of EPICA Dome C, but that the time scale has been considerably distorted by mechanical stretching of MIS20 due to the increasing influence of the subglacial topography, a process that might have started well above the bottom ice.
Awareness of “Invisible” Arrows in a Metacontrast Masking Paradigm
Authors: HAASE STEVEN J. , FISK GARY D.
Published: January 2015

A common strategy in unconscious perception research is to use either pattern masking or metacontrast masking to render prime stimuli “invisible” to consciousness. However, several recent studies have questioned whether the identities of prime stimuli (typically arrows or diamonds and squares) in metacontrast masking studies are impossible to consciously perceive. In a series of studies, we concurrently related prime awareness, target response time priming, and prime identification across 3 prime–mask stimulus onset asynchronies (27, 40, and 67 ms). We found that increases in prime awareness ratings were accompanied by better prime identification performance. Significant prime identification in the 27-ms condition was obtained only at the highest awareness rating; for the other 2 stimulus onset asynchronies most awareness ratings were associated with above-chance prime identification. The priming effects obtained in these paradigms occur, to some degree, when participants are likely to be aware of the prime stimuli. Our results, collectively, suggest that metacontrast masking of primes does not necessarily preclude their awareness. Priming effects may depend on at least partial awareness of the prime stimuli.
The Relation of Alexithymic Traits to Affective Theory of Mind
Authors: DEMERS LAUREN A. , Koven Nancy S.
Published: January 2015

Little research has focused on the contributors to adult theory of mind (ToM) even though there is reason to suspect individual differences in performance in neurotypical samples. Alexithymia, a term that references an impaired ability to attend to and verbally label emotions via ongoing introspection, is a useful construct through which to explore how socially relevant dimensions of emotion processing enable ToM. As 1 study has explored alexithymia vis-à-vis cognitive ToM, this study examined the relationships between facets of alexithymia and affective ToM while controlling for the potential confounds of empathy, verbal ability, and negative affect. A nonclinical sample of adults (N = 86) completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, the Mehrabian and Epstein Scale of Emotional Empathy, the Profile of Mood States, and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that externally oriented thinking contributed unique variance to affective ToM, confirming an inverse relationship between alexithymia and affective ToM but highlighting the need to parse alexithymia into discrete facets when exploring its relevance to social cognition.
Local and Global Task Switching Costs in Bilinguals Who Vary in Second Language Proficiency
Authors: TSE CHI-SHING , ALT ARRIBA JEANETTE
Published: January 2015

We examined the relationship between bilinguals’ second language (L2) proficiency and their performance on a Stroop switching task, in which a color word (e.g., GREEN) appeared in a congruent ink color (e.g., green) or an incongruent ink color (e.g., red). Participants either read aloud the color word in the word-reading trials or named the ink color in the color-naming trials. Bilinguals who varied in L2 proficiency received 2 pure blocks, consisting of word-reading trials and color-naming trials, respectively, and 1 mixed block, consisting of intermixed word-reading and color-naming trials in an alternating-runs pattern. Comparing performance in nonswitch trials in the mixed block and the pure block provides a measure of global switch costs, whereas differences on switch trials and nonswitch trials in the mixed block reflect local switch costs. Bilinguals with higher L2 proficiency showed a marginally smaller Stroop effect in color naming, a smaller local switch cost in word reading (but not in color naming), and a smaller word-reading versus color-naming task set asymmetry in local switch costs. The latter result was consistent with the language switching finding that the L1/L2 switch cost asymmetry decreased as a function of bilinguals’ L2 proficiency. Overall, the current findings support the facilitative role of L2 proficiency in bilinguals’ task set switching: Those with higher L2 proficiency have better task set shifting and reconfiguration and updating abilities when they switch from a more difficult task set (color naming) to an easier task set (word reading) in a task-switching paradigm.
Physico-Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Qualities of Puree Produced From Two Cultivars of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Under Ambient Storage
Authors: Adedeji Olajide E. , Anuonye Julian C. , Ekundayo Fortune A. , Olaoye Taye F. , Babalola Abibat O. , Ogundahunsi Gbenga J.
Published: January 2015

Tomato purees were produced from De Rica and Roma cultivars of tomato, packaged in high density polyethylene and stored at ambient temperature (32±2 ºC). The stored purees were analysed weekly for physicochemical composition, sensory attributes and microbial load until they became unwholesome. There was a significant (p<0.05) falling in Titratable Acidity (TTA) within the first five and six weeks for De Rica and Roma purees respectively. TTA values dropped from 12.43 to 8.40 and 10.69-7.43 for De Rica and Roma purees respectively. Total solid (TS) of the purees decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 16.2% to 9.08% for De Rica puree and 17.89% to 9.99% for Roma puree within the first four weeks of storage and became stable at the later weeks of storage. Roma puree had higher TS throughout the storage period. Total Insoluble Solid of the purees increased significantly from 3.07% and 4.01% for De Rica puree and 2.3% and 3.44% for Roma puree within the first week of storage. The values however, decreased significantly is (p<0.05) at the second week of storage from 4.01% to 1.19% for De Rica puree and 3.44% to 1.89% for Roma puree. The bulk density of the samples decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 1.14g/ml to 0.95 g/ml for De Rica puree and 1.12 g/ml to 0.95 g/ml for Roma puree through the storage period. There was an insignificant (p>0.05) increase in total bacteria count from 140 CFU/g to 320 CFU/g for De Rica puree and 126 CFU/g to 280 CFU/g for Roma puree within the first two weeks of storage. The values increased significantly (p<0.05) from 640 CFU/g to 137,000 CFU/g for De Rica puree and 590 CFU/g to 122,000 for Roma puree from the third to the tenth week of storage. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the freshly produced De Rica puree, Roma puree and the commercial sample in appearance, colour, taste and overall acceptability before and during storage. Marked rejection of the purees was observed at the eight week of storage.
A configuração da educação do campo em dois assentamentos rurais em Mato Grosso
Authors: Gentil Heloisa Salles , Machado Ilma Ferreira
Published: January 2015

Este texto apresenta a análise da constituição da educação do campo em assentamentos rurais, a partir de um projeto de extensão em interface com pesquisa que buscou identificar ações e desafios, concepções e perspectivas em relação à educação, colocados para os sujeitos do campo, explicitando a interconexão entre um projeto educativo e um projeto de desenvolvimento social. As análises sustentam-se em autores como Caldart (2008), Molina, Kolling e Nery (1999), Arroyo (2007), Marx (2001). Os resultados apontam um movimento inicial de constituição de uma concepção de educação do campo que extrapola a escola, caracterizada por especificidade local, reconhecimento da diversidade de saberes e relação entre trabalho e educação, movimento a ser fortalecido em um projeto coletivo que vislumbre a transformação da educação e a emancipação dos trabalhadores do campo.
O impulso formativo do pensamento crítico: racionalidade, verdade e constelação.
Authors: Farinon Mauricio João
Published: January 2015

O ensaio analisa a concepção de pensamento e subjetividade em Theodor Adorno, indicando os desafios educacionais que surgem dessa concepção. Defende uma concepção de verdade definida na dinamicidade histórica. A contraposição entre conhecimento e procedimento, as noções de evidência, constelação e conteúdo de verdade, são decisivas para caracterizar o pensamento pós-metafísico e indicar os desafios na formação do sujeito segundo Adorno. Quando o conhecimento perde seu lugar pelo ideal de procedimento eficaz, ocorre o retardo da consciência, e a força do sujeito é abalada. A possível condição para reverter tal caracterização é admitir a ausência de evidência como impulso ao esclarecimento. Neste ponto é que se situa a noção de constelação e conteúdo de verdade e o impulso formativo do pensamento crítico.
Novas abordagens no ensino das Ciências Humanas: a premência de diversificar linguagens no labor docente com Geografia e História
Authors: Andrade Adriano Bittencourt , Miranda Nadja Conceição de Jesus , Varino Dalila Flora Cardoso
Published: January 2015

O artigo defende que o aprendizado é pessoal e subjetivo derivando, por conseguinte, de estratégias diferenciadas de acesso ao saber formal. Parte do pressuposto que há, invariavelmente, uma diversidade de formas para apreender um dado objeto e o ferramental a ser utilizado será, sempre, decorrente da combinação heterogênea entre contexto espaço-temporal, instituição de ensino, formação e motivação do professor e o aluno (contexto socioeconômico e individualidade). Assim, este escrito se defronta com uma questão nodal: Como, no ensino das Ciências Humanas, alcançar/comunicar-se com os alunos para além do texto formal?  Busca-se, então, compreender a possibilidade de letramento nas Ciências Humanas através da diversificação de estratégias de comunicação; entender as diferentes linguagens como instrumentos para a aproximação do conteúdo programático do cotidiano do aluno e apresentar desafios metodológicos para a utilização de instrumentos de comunicação.
A educação integral no mais educação: uma análise do programa
Authors: Pio Camila Aparecida , Czernisz Eliane Cleide da Silva
Published: January 2015

O texto analisa o Programa Mais Educação e tem como objetivo discutir a proposta de Educação Integral no referido Programa, implantado no Governo Lula. A proposta deste Programa e a forma como a Educação Integral é nele contemplada são questionadas neste estudo que se utiliza de pesquisa e discussão bibliográfica, análise de documentos. O Programa Mais Educação desenvolve-se como ação do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação e a Educação Integral é reforçada como meta do Plano Nacional de Educação. Como resultados, verifica-se que, no primeiro Governo Lula, a educação é apresentada como meta de inclusão social, e no segundo mandato, a meta do desenvolvimento do país a partir da educação de qualidade. Mostra-se que a Educação Integral implementada corresponde à ampliação do tempo de permanência do aluno na escola
Autorreflexão e autonomia do pensar como pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos do Ensino de Filosofia: análise a partir da teoria crítica
Authors: Junkes Delcio , Horn Geraldo Balduino
Published: January 2015

A questão-problema central que esse artigo apresenta tem a ver com a análise crítica que os autores da Teoria Crítica, particularmente Adorno e Horkheimer, estabelecem entre o projeto de esclarecimento e os limites da emancipação do indivíduo. A partir dessa abordagem teórica procura-se mostrar se é possível pensar num projeto emancipatório no contexto da sociedade capitalista hodierna.  Por um lado, busca-se problematizar a contradição: o esclarecimento como promessa de uma sociedade melhor e aquilo que ele, de fato, se tornou: uma razão totalitária. Por outro lado, procura-se entender, a partir do posicionamento dos autores, se frente ao pretenso projeto de esclarecimento, a filosofia e a educação teriam um poder de resistência em relação ao rumo caótico que o processo civilizatório tomou.
O ensino de Filosofia e discernimento no mundo contemporâneo: questões atuais
Authors: Carvalho Alexandre Filordi de
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do artigo é o desenvolver a ideia de que é preciso investir no ensino de Filosofia como ferramenta de produção de discernimento. A hipótese é a de que o discernimento seria a capacidade elementar que se aprende para poder agir com o pensamento, com as ações e as atitudes para consigo mesmo e para com o mundo. Para tanto, o texto elege três níveis de questões atuais que desafiam o discernimento pelo o aprendizado da Filosofia: a experiência dos sujeitos com a sociedade capitalística e de consumo, a homogeneização das potencialidades subjetivas e, por fim, a colonização do sentimento de impotência na transformação da própria realidade social. O pensamento de Deleuze e Guattari são convocados como fundo analítico desta proposta.
A Case of Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mistaken for Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Park Jung Ik , Yang Ung Seok , Moon Sung Won , Nam Oun Ouk , Kim Hyo Jong , Lee Jeong Seok , Oh San Gyu
Published: January 2015

Abstract We report a case of anal squamous cell carcinoma extended to the rectal mucosa that was clinically mistaken for rectal adenocarcinoma and literature reviwed. Sigmoidoscopic finding showed spherical shaped elevated lesion with central ulceration, interpreted as rectal adenocarcinoma in the distal portion of rectum. Anal squamous cell carcinoma is very rare among gastrointestinal cancer. Pathological study of the biopsy specimen demonstrated squamous cell carcinoma and normal rectal glands. Sigmoidoscopic finding of the presented case showed the ulcerarive lesion contineuosly extended from anal verge upward to the rectum. We postulate that the presented case is primarilly originated from the anal squamous cell carcinoma extended proximally to the rectum. Immunohistochemical stain(p-63) of the biopsy specimens showed squamous cell carcinoma. This patient has been completely recovered after treartment of chemoradiation and trans-anal excision. We present a case of anal squamous cell carcinoma invading rectal mucosa clinically mistaken for rectal adenocarcinoma and literature reviewed.
An overview of the pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid disorders
Authors: Park Keun Yong
Published: January 2015

Abstract Objectives, recent epidemiologic studies in humans suggest an increased prevalence of thyroiditis associated with the excessive administration of iodine. More than three times of recommended daily intake of iodine was observed among people in North America. These people generally presented higher level of anti-thyroglobulin antibody, anti-thyroperoxidase antibody, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and exacerbation of lymphocytic infiltration in thyroid, which indicated the overconsumption of iodine could induce hypothyroidism and enhance the autoimmune response. However, the precise mechanism of excessive iodine intake induced autoimmune thyroid disease remains largely unknown.

Over half a century has elapsed since the 1956 identification of thyroglobulin antibodies and the devising of the first experimental model of autoimmune thyroiditis. Since then an incredible amount of experimental work has led to an ever deeper understanding of the nature of thyroid auto-antigens, the main immune mechanisms responsible for Hashimoto's thyroiditis and graves’ disease, their genetics, and therir environmental risk factor. Yet, in the majority of genetically predisposed people the individual trigger of thyroid autoimmunity remains obscure. Similarly, effective prevention strategies still remain to be established and, hopefully, will be the target of future studies.
Antenatal Magnesium Sulfate for Neuroprotective Effects In Preterm Infants
Authors: Oh Young lim
Published: January 2015

Abstract Fetal or neonatal brain injury can result in lifelong neurologic disability. Although survival rates for preterm infants have increased dramatically with the advent of modern perinatal and neonatal intensive care, but the rates of neurologic abnormalities in survivors, particularly motor disorders such as cerebral palsy, have not diminished. Antenatal magnesium sulfate may reduce the rates of cerebral palsy in survivors of preterm birth. There are five randomized controlled trials of magnesium sulfate administered to women at risk of preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation which have reported neurological outcomes for the child. From meta-analysis of these randomized trials, the rate of cerebral palsy was reduced by magnesium sulfate (RR, ᄋ·69; 95% CI, ᄋ·54-ᄋ·87; five trials; 6,145 infants) as did the moderate/severe cerebral palsy incidence (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, ᄋ·44-ᄋ·92; three trials; 4387 infants). There was no statistically significant difference between the rates of neonatal adverse outcomes of the magnesium administration group and the control group. In most prospective randomized studies, no significant difference in the severe mother-side side effects between the magnesium sul- fate administration group and the control group.

Antenataᅵ magnesium sulfate therapy is neuroprotective against motor dysfunction in offspring for the preterm infant; however the possibility of an increase in the fetal or neonatal death rate was not completely excluded.
Dört rotorlu bir insansiz hava aracinin geri-adimlama yöntemi ile yol takibi kontrolü
Authors: SUİÇMEZ Emre Can , KUTAY Ali Türker
Published: January 2015

Özet

Dört rotorlu(quadrotor), son yıllarda bir çok araştırmacı tarafından çalışılan çok popüler bir insansız hava aracıdır(İHA). Dört rotorlu, dikey iniş kalkış(VTOL) özelliği ve yüksek manevra kabiliyeti sayesinde klasik insansız hava araçlarına göre bir çok avantaja sahiptir. VTOL özelliği sayesinde, özellikle engebeli ve kısıtlı ortamlarda, uzun iniş ve kalkış pistine ihtiyaç duymadan kullanılabilmektedir. Ayrıca, dört rotorlu, VTOL özelliği taşıyan diğer İHA'lara göre, mekanik olarak daha basit bir yapıya sahiptir. Fakat, belirtilen avantajların yanı sıra, dört rotorlu, yüksek derecede doğrusal olmayan ve kararsız bir dinamiğe sahiptir. Bu nedenle, dört rotorlu'nun otonom kontrolü çeşitli zorluklar içermektedir ve bir çok araştırmacının ilgisini çekmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, dört rotorlu bir insansız hava aracının, doğrusal olmayan bir kontrol metodu olan geri-adımlama yöntemi kullanılarak, yol(yörünge) takibi kontrolü sağlanmıştır. Kontrol sistemi oluşturulurken, dört rotorlu'nun yönelimi iç döngü olarak, pozisyonu ise dış döngü olarak kontrol edilerek, hava aracının istenilen yolu yüksek doğrulukla takip etmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlk olarak, dört rotorlu'nun doğrusal olmayan dinamik modeli Newton hareket denklemleri kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Doğrusal olmayan bu model simülasyonlarda dinamik model olarak kullanılmıştır. Daha sonrasında, doğrusal olmayan dinamik model, kontrolcü tasarımında kullanılmak üzere, belirli varsayımlar aracılığıyla basitleştirilmiştir. Basitleştirilmiş dinamik model kullanılarak, geri adımlamalı kontrolcü, üç aşamada elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen kontrolcü, MATLAB/Simulink ortamında modellenmiş ve test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kontrolcünün güçlü derecedeki bozuculara karşı dayanıklılığı da simülasyon ortamında denenmiştir. Elde edilen simülasyon sonuçları, geri-adımlamalı kontrolcü sayesinde, istenilen yolun yüksek doğrulukta takip edildiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, bozucular eklenerek yapılan simülasyonlarda, kontrolcünün güçlü derecedeki çeşitli bozucuları etkili şekilde bastırdığı görülmüştür.
Gaz türbini kanatlari kanallarinda soğutma performansinin araştirilmasi
Authors: Uysal Ünal , Korkmaz Yüksel , Sözbir Nedim , Hirca A. Hakan
Published: January 2015

Özet

Türbin kanatlarının soğutulması farklı bölgelerinde farklı soğutma teknikleri kullanarak yapılmaktadır. Kompresörde üretilen havanın yaklaşık %20’si soğutma sistemlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Kanat içine gönderilen bu hava önce iç kanallardan daha sonrada kanat dış profili üzerinden ve kanat uç kısmından dışarıya atılarak soğutma gerçekleştirilir. Bu soğutma tekniklerinin iç soğutma ve yüzeyde hava filmi meydana getirme ve çarpmalı jetle soğutma teknikleri uygulanmaktadır. Kanatta iç soğutma yapılması için bazen U şeklinde soğutma kanalları kullanılmaktadır.

Bu kanallarda çeşitli açılarda kanatçıklar (ripler) kullanılarak soğutma performansları arttırılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada U şeklindeki 180° dönüşlü düz bir kanalın ve alt ve üst yüzeylerine 90° ve 45° yerleştirilen kanatçıkların yerleştirildiği kanallardaki soğutma performansına etkisi 3 farklı Reynolds sayısı (22000, 27500 ve 33000) için deneysel olarak sıvı kristal termografisi metoduyla kanal yüzeyindeki ısı geçiş katsayısı ve Nu sayısının değişimi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar jet geometrisinin etkisi, Reynolds sayısının etkisi, kanal içindeki hız dağılımı ve ısı geçiş katsayısı dağılımları gösterilmiştir.
Recurrence of Primary Synovial Sarcoma of the Lacrimal Gland
Authors: Yadav Abhijeet , Mehta Anuj , Vohra Anju , Gupta Vishnu Swarup
Published: January 2015

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumour affecting young adults, involving the extremities in more than 80% of cases. Thus it is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital tumours, and there is also no established protocol to its management. We describe a case of recurrence of primary synovial sarcoma of the left lacrimal gland in an adult woman. Surgery is the principle treatment option in synovial sarcoma, as with other soft-tissue sarcomas. However, adjuvant therapy should perhaps be considered more routinely, as seen in this particular case that recurred after complete resection without any adjuvant therapy.
Postkeratoplasty Astigmatism
Authors: Raghavan Anita , Naveen Soly
Published: January 2015

The success of penetrating keratoplasty in terms of graft survival is excellent but visual rehabilitation continues to be a significant issue primarily due to astigmatism. Factors contributing to postoperative astigmatism can be related to preoperative etiology, suturing techniques and the postoperative healing process and timing of surgery. The large number of options available to address postoperative astigmatism only serves to highlight the complex nature of the problem. This review offers an up-to-date account of the various options available to manage postkeratoplasty astigmatism. Spectacles and rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses offer the earliest and easiest forms of visual rehabilitation. Spectacle correction may be limited by astigmatic anisometropia. Rigid gas-permeable contact lenses are an effective alternative to spectacles but limited by fitting and handling issues. Suture adjustment and suture removal are the initial options for reducing postoperative astigmatism. Careful attention to suture techniques intraoperatively and timely removal of appropriate sutures in the postoperative period can decrease astigmatism to tolerable levels. For the management of residual astigmatism after suture removal, a plethora of choices exist. Relaxing incisions, astigmatic keratotomy, compression sutures and wedge resections are well explored techniques offering effective but unpredictable results. Photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis are newer options available to correct both spherical and astigmatic errors, but outcomes are variably affected by the healing process. The current availability of phakic and toric intraocular lenses has also been explored for the correction of postkeratoplasty astigmatism with promising results. Intra-corneal ring segments used for the management of astigmatism in keratoconus finds a new application in postkeratoplasty astigmatism. The femtosecond laser has opened up ways to perform procedures such as astigmatic keratotomy, the placement of intra-corneal ring segments, and creation of flaps for laser in situ keratomileusis, with very good precision and accuracy.
South Asian monsoon history over the past 60 kyr recorded by radiogenic isotopes and clay mineral assemblages in the Andaman Sea
Authors: Ali Sajid , Hathorne Ed C. , Frank Martin , Gebregiorgis Daniel , Stattegger Karl , Stumpf Roland , Kutterolf Steffen , Johnson Joel E. , Giosan Liviu
Published: January 2015

The Late Quaternary variability of the South Asian (or Indian) monsoon has been linked with glacial‐interglacial and millennial scale climatic changes but past rainfall intensity in the river catchments draining into the Andaman Sea remains poorly constrained. Here we use radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope compositions of the detrital clay‐size fraction and clay mineral assemblages obtained from sediment core NGHP Site 17 in the Andaman Sea to reconstruct the variability of the South Asian monsoon during the past 60 kyr. Over this time interval εNd values changed little, generally oscillating between −7.3 and −5.3 and the Pb isotope signatures are essentially invariable, which is in contrast to a record located further northeast in the Andaman Sea. This indicates that the source of the detrital clays did not change significantly during the last glacial and deglaciation suggesting the monsoon was spatially stable. The most likely source region is the Irrawaddy river catchment including the Indo‐Burman Ranges with a possible minor contribution from the Andaman Islands. High smectite/(illite + chlorite) ratios (up to 14), as well as low 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.711) for the Holocene period indicate enhanced chemical weathering and a stronger South Asian monsoon compared to marine oxygen isotope stages 2 and 3. Short, smectite‐poor intervals exhibit markedly radiogenic Sr isotope compositions and document weakening of the South Asian monsoon, which may have been linked to short‐term northern Atlantic climate variability on millennial time scales.
Dynamic connectivity in a fluvial network for identifying hotspots of geomorphic change
Authors: Czuba Jonathan A. , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi
Published: January 2015

Dynamical processes occurring on the hierarchical branching structure of a river network tend to heterogeneously distribute fluxes on the network, often concentrating them into “clusters,” i.e., places of excess flux accumulation. Here, we put forward the hypothesis that places in the network predisposed (due to process dynamics and network topology) to accumulate excess sediment over a considerable river reach and over a considerable period of time reflect locations where a local imbalance in sediment flux may occur thereby highlighting a susceptibility to potential fluvial geomorphic change. We develop a dynamic connectivity framework which uses the river network structure and a simplified Lagrangian transport model to trace fluxes through the network and integrate emergent “clusters” through a cluster persistence index (CPI). The framework was applied to sand transport in the Greater Blue Earth River Network in the Minnesota River Basin. Three hotspots of fluvial geomorphic change were defined as locations where high rates of channel migration were observed and places of high CPI coincided with two of these hotspots of possibly sediment‐driven change. The third hotspot was not identified by high CPI, but instead is believed to be a hotspot of streamflow‐driven change based on additional information and the fact that high bed shear stress coincided with this hotspot. The proposed network‐based dynamic connectivity framework has the potential to place dynamical processes occurring at small scales into a network context to understand how reach‐scale changes cascade into network‐scale effects, useful for informing the large‐scale consequences of local management actions.
Impact of space‐time mesh adaptation on solute transport modeling in porous media
Authors: Esfandiar Bahman , Porta Giovanni , Perotto Simona , Guadagnini Alberto
Published: January 2015

We implement a space‐time grid adaptation procedure to efficiently improve the accuracy of numerical simulations of solute transport in porous media in the context of model parameter estimation. We focus on the Advection Dispersion Equation (ADE) for the interpretation of nonreactive transport experiments in laboratory‐scale heterogeneous porous media. When compared to a numerical approximation based on a fixed space‐time discretization, our approach is grounded on a joint automatic selection of the spatial grid and the time step to capture the main (space‐time) system dynamics. Spatial mesh adaptation is driven by an anisotropic recovery‐based error estimator which enables us to properly select the size, shape, and orientation of the mesh elements. Adaptation of the time step is performed through an ad hoc local reconstruction of the temporal derivative of the solution via a recovery‐based approach. The impact of the proposed adaptation strategy on the ability to provide reliable estimates of the key parameters of an ADE model is assessed on the basis of experimental solute breakthrough data measured following tracer injection in a nonuniform porous system. Model calibration is performed in a Maximum Likelihood (ML) framework upon relying on the representation of the ADE solution through a generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansion (gPCE). Our results show that the proposed anisotropic space‐time grid adaptation leads to ML parameter estimates and to model results of markedly improved quality when compared to classical inversion approaches based on a uniform space‐time discretization.