bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Midwives’ experiences of implementing respectful maternity care knowledge in daily maternity care practices after participating in a four-day RMC training
Authors: Dzomeku Veronica Millicent , Bemah Boamah Mensah Adwoa , Emmanuel Nakua Kweku , Pascal Agbadi , Jody Lori R. , Peter Donkor
Published: March 2020

Background: In Ghana, studies documenting the effectiveness of evidence-based specialized training programs to promote respectful maternity care (RMC) practices in healthcare facilities are few. Thus, we designed a four-day RMC training workshop and piloted it with selected midwives of a tertiary healthcare facility in Kumasi, Ghana. The present paper evaluated the impact of the training by exploring midwives’ experiences of implementing RMC knowledge in their daily maternity care practices four months after the training workshop. Methods: Through a descriptive qualitative research design, we followed-up and conducted 14 in-depth interviews with participants of the RMC training, exploring their experiences of applying the acquired RMC knowledge in their daily maternity care practices. Data were managed and analysed using NVivo 12. Results: The findings have been broadly categorized into three themes: experiences of practising RMC in daily maternity care, health facility barriers to practising RMC, and recommendations for improving RMC practices. The midwives mentioned that applying the newly acquired RMC knowledge has positively improved their relationship with childbearing women, enhanced their thoughtfulness for clients’ overall wellbeing, and position them to recognize and respect the autonomy of childbearing women. Despite the positive influence of the training on clinical practice, the midwives mentioned that the policy and the built environment in the hospital does not support the exploration of alternative birthing positions as well as the lack of the required logistics to simultaneously ensure privacy for multiple childbearing women in the open labour ward. In view of these, the trained midwives recommended that logistics for alternative birthing positions and for privacy in the ward should be provided as well as all midwives and staff of the hospital should be taken through the RMC training program to encourage good practice. Conclusion: Despite the report of some RMC implementation challenges, the midwives noted that the 4-day RMC training has had a positive impact on their maternity caregiving practice in the hospital. Policies and programs aimed at addressing the issue of disrespect and abusive practices during maternity care should advocate and include the building of facilities that support alternative birthing positions and privacy of childbearing women during childbirth.
Bioinformatics profiling intergrating a three immune-related long non-coding RNA signature as a prognostic model for clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Gou Xin , Wei Zongjie , Tan Jianyu , Yu Haitao , Li Xinyuan
Published: March 2020

Background: Immune related long non-coding RNAs (IRlncRs) plentiful in immune cells and immune microenvironment (IME) are potential in evaluating prognosis and assessing the effects of immunotherapy. A complete and meaningful IRlncRs analysis based on abundant clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) gene samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) will provide insight in this field. Methods: Based on the TCGA dataset, we integrated the expression profiles of IRlncRs and overall survival (OS) in the 611 ccRCC patients. The immune score of each sample was calculated based on the expression level of immune-related genes and used to identify the most meaningful IRlncRs. Survival-related IRlncRs (sIRlncRs) was estimated by calculating the algorithm of difference and COX regression analysis in ccRCC patients. Based on the median immune-related risk score (IRRS) developed from the screened sIRlncRs, the high-risk and low-risk components were distinguished. Functional annotation was detected by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and the immune composition and purity of the tumor was evaluated by microenvironment cell population records. The expression levels of three sIRlncRs were verified in various tissues and cell lines. Results: A total of 39 IRlncRs were collected by Pearson correlation analyses among immune score and the lncRNA expression. A total of 7 sIRlncRs were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of ccRCC patients. Three sIRlncRs (ATP1A1-AS1, IL10RB-DT and MELTF-AS1) with the most significant prognostic values were enrolled to build the IRRS model in which the OS of in the high-risk group was shorter than that in the low-risk group. The IRRS was identified as an independent prognosis factor and correlated with the OS. The high-risk group and low-risk group illustrated different distributions in PCA and different immune status in GSEA. Besides, we found the more significant expression in certain ccRCC cell lines and tumor tissues of ccRCC patients compared with the HK-2 and adjacent tissues respectively. Additionally, the expression levels of lncR-MELTF-AS1 and IL10RB-DT were remarkably enhanced along the more advanced T-stages, but the lncR-ATP1A1-AS1 showed the inverse gradient. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated some sIRlncRs with remark clinical relevance shown the latent monitoring and prognosis value of ccRCC patients and may provide new insight for immunological research and treatment strategies in ccRCC patients.
Identification of Prognostic Alternative Splicing Signature in Triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Shuqi , Guan Shu , Lv Xuemei , Ma Rong , Zhang Yifan , Yan Yuanyuan , Wang Jue , Sun Xiaoyu , Gao Mengcong , Di Di , Zhao Hongliang , Han Li , Wei Minjie , He Miao
Published: March 2020

Background: Alternative splicing (AS) is a pervasive and vital mechanism involved in the progression of various cancer. Studies confirm the importance of prognostic value of AS events in tumor patients, but systematic analysis of AS in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still lacking. Methods: Information from 115 TNBC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were extracted. And we performed a comprehensive analysis of whole-genome AS events with corresponding clinical information to evaluate the roles of seven AS patterns. Prognostic analyses were performed with predictive models and splicing network built for TNBC patients. Results: Among 28,744 mRNA AS events in 20,353 genes, we detected 1,428 AS in 138 important survival genes related to the overall survival of TNBC patients event. Through functional and pathway enrichment analysis, we found that these genes are involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathways. At 1800 days overall survival, the area under the ROC curve for prognostic signatures was 0.8. It shows that this model is very effective in differentiating patient prognosis. The use of Spearman's test to establish a potential regulatory network between survival-related AS events and abnormal SF indicates a clear trend in the role of SF in TNBC. Conclusions: In summary, we established a reliable and powerful TNBC prognostic signature. A splicing network that could be its underlying mechanism was discovered. Keywords: Alternative splicing; Triple-negative breast cancer; Prognosis; Splicing factor
Effects Of Home-Based Inspiratory Muscle Training In Sickle Cell Disease (Scd) Patients
Authors: Galvão Fabio , ZANONI CAMILA TATIANA , MOREIRA MARCOS MELLO , PASCHOAL ILMA APARECIDA , Saad Sara Olalla
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in adult sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in relation to respiratory muscle strength (RMS) variables; lung function; exercise tolerance; blood lactation concentration; limitation imposed by dyspnea in activities of daily living and; impact of fatigue on quality of life. METHODS: a randomized, single-blind study, with true load (TG) and sham load group (SG) design of IMT. Initial assessment included spirometry, volumetric capnography (VCap), and measurement of RMS by maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (PImax and PEmax). The Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale and the modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS) were also applied, and blood lactate concentration (Lac) was measured before and after the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). After this initial assessment, the patient used the IMT device at home daily, returning every 6 weeks for RMS reassessment. Both groups used the same device and were unaware of which group they were in. After a total period of 18 weeks, the patients underwent the final evaluation as initially performed.RESULTS: 25 patients in total participated up to the end of the study (median age 42 years). There were no significant differences between TG and SG groups based on age, sex, body mass index, severity of genotype. At the end of the training, in both groups there was a significant increase in PEmax and PImax, improvement in Vcap and in exercise tolerance and reduction of dyspnea in performing daily life activities. The same improvement was observed in patients grouped according to disease severity (SS and Sβ 0 vs SC and Sβ + ), without differences between groups. CONCLUSION: home-based inspiratory muscle training brings benefits to outpatients with SCD.
Efficacy of Smartphone Learning Versus Lecture-Based Learning for Instruction of Cephalometric Landmark Identification
Authors: Golshah Amin , Dehdar Fatemeh , Imani Mohammad Moslem , Nikkerdar Nafiseh
Published: March 2020

Background: Considering the increasing popularity of electronic learning, particularly smartphone learning, and its reportedly optimal efficacy for instruction of complicated topics, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of smartphone learning versus lecture-based learning for instruction of cephalometric landmark identification.Methods: This quasi-experimental interventional study evaluated 53 dental students (4 th year) in two groups of intervention (n=27; smartphone instruction using an application) and control (n=26, traditional lecture-based instruction). Two weeks after the instructions, dental students were asked to identify four landmarks namely the posterior nasal spine (PNS), orbitale (Or), articulare (Ar) and gonion (Go) on lateral cephalograms. The mean coordinates of each landmark identified by orthodontists served as the reference point and the mean distance from each identified point to the reference point was reported as the mean consistency while the standard deviation of this mean was reported as precision of measurement. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 via independent sample t-test.Results: No significant difference was noted between the two groups in identification of PNS, Ar or Go (P>0.05). However, the mean error rate in identification of Or was significantly lower in smartphone group compared with the traditional learning group (P=0.020).Conclusions: Smartphone learning had a comparable, and even superior, efficacy to lecture-based learning for instruction of cephalometric landmark identification, and is recommended to enhance the instruction of complicated topics.
Should syndesmotic screws be removed or retained? A meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Wanjin , Yang Peng , Lv Nanning , Chen Kaiwen , Yang Huilin , Shen Minjie
Published: March 2020

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the different clinical outcomes after removing or retaining syndesmotic screws, and the difference in clinical outcomes after retaining broken or loose syndesmotic screws was also evaluated. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. In this meta-analysis, we conducted online searches using the search terms “syndesmotic diastasis”, “syndesmotic injury”, “syndesmotic screw”, “syndesmotic fixation”, and “tibiofibular syndesmosis”. The analysis was performed on individual patient data from all the studies that met the selection criteria. Clinical outcomes were expressed as standard mean differences for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi 2 test and the I 2 statistic. Results There were 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 6 observational articles included in this analysis. In the comparison between retained and removed screws and the comparison between broken or loose and removed screws, no significant difference was found in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS), Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle/hindfoot score. Broken or loose screws were associated with better AOFAS scores compared with removed or intact screws, and no significant difference was found in terms of VAS and OMAS scores. Conclusions According to our analysis, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between removed and retained screws. Broken or loose screws were not associated with bad functional outcomes and may even lead to better function compared with removed or retained screws.
Targeted Inhibition of STAT3 in Neural Stem Cells Promotes Neuronal Differentiation and Functional Recovery in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Li Tingting , zhao xiaoyang , Duan Jing , Cui Shangbin , Zhu Kai , Wan Yong , Liu Shaoyu , Peng Zhiming , Wang Le
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSignal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3) is expressed in neural stem cells (NSCs), and some studies have shown that STAT3 is involved in regulating NSC differentiation. However, the possible molecular mechanism and the role of STAT3 in spinal cord injury (SCI) are unknown. Thus, in the present study, we identified possible molecular mechanisms by which STAT3 regulates NSC differentiation in vitro and investigated the potential therapeutic effect of transplanting STAT3-silenced NSCs in rat SCI models in vivo.MethodsIn vitro, NSCs were divided into the following three groups: control, control shRNA, and STAT3-shRNA lentivirus groups. NSCs in each treatment group were examined for neuronal differentiation via immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis was used to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. In vivo, the rats were divided into four groups that underwent laminectomy and complete spinal cord transection accompanied by transplantation of control-shRNA-treated or STAT3-shRNA-treated NSCs at the injured site. Spinal cord-evoked potentials and the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score were used to examine functional recovery after SCI. Axonal regeneration and tissue repair were assessed via retrograde tracing using Fluorogold, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence.ResultsKnockdown of STAT3 promoted neuronal differentiation in NSCs and mechanistic target of mammal rapamycin (mTOR) activation in vitro, and transplantation of STAT3-RNAi-treated NSCs enhanced rat functional recovery and tissue repair, as well as neuronal differentiation of the transplanted NSCs in vivo.ConclusionsWe have provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that STAT3 is a negative regulator of NSC neuronal differentiation. Transplantation of STAT3-inhibited NSCs appears to be a promising potential strategy for enhancing the benefit of NSC-mediated regenerative cell therapy for SCI.
A New grading system based on T2-weighted axial MRI for Cervical Canal Stenosis
Authors: Wang Shaoyi , Zhao Yunpeng , Wei Jianlu , Pan Xin , Nie Lin , Shi Jie , Cheng Lei
Published: March 2020

Background: Cervical Canal Stenosis (CCS) is a common cervical disease that occurs during and after middle age. There are a variety of grading systems and Measurement methods based on X-ray, Computed Tomography(CT) for cervical canal stenosis. Although many authors measured and classified cervical canal stenosis on the basis of T2-weighted sagittal MRI after the appearance of magnetic resonance, the research on Cervical Canal Stenosis remains to be improved.Purposes: To explore a more detailed grading system on MRI for cervical canal stenosis and could be used to the clinical diagnosis and treatment.Patient and Methods: We retrospectively studied 200 patients with cervical spinal stenosis. Cervical canal stenosis was classified according to the T2-weighted axial MRI with the most serious compression into the following grades: grade 0,normal; grade 1, mild canal stenosis with obliteration of anterior or posterior of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space ; grade 2, moderate canal stenosis with obliteration of both sides of the CSF space but no significant changes in spinal morphology; Grade 3, severe canal stenosis with spinal cord deformity, 3A the oppression ratio of cervical spinal cord is under 50%, 3B the oppression ratio of cervical spinal cord is between 50% to 75%, 3C the angle of the protrusion less than 90°; Grade 4, serious canal stenosis with spinal cord deformity and the oppression ratio of cervical spinal cord is exceeding 75%, 4A the non-ossification protrusion, 4B the ossific protrusion. We collected the relevant clinical and imaging data of the patients and analyzed the relationship between them and our new grading system. Patients were followed up one year later.Results: Our new grading system was easy to learn and communication. The the ICC reliabilities between six readers was between 0.817-0.865. And the Effective sagittal spinal canal was significantly different along with our grades at each disc level. In terms of clinical data, our grading system is correlated with the patient's preoperative JOA score and had impact on the choice of surgical strategy.Conclusions: We suggest our new grading system can provided as a reliable assessment that can guide clinical treatment for Cervical Canal Stenosis.
Targeting of Periprosthetic Muscles for the Ultrasonographic Screening of Hip Abnormalities in Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Choe Hyonmin , Kobayashi Naomi , Ike Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Daigo , Watanabe Shintaro , Higashihira Shota , Otoshi Akio , Miyatake Kazuma , Inaba Yutaka
Published: March 2020

Background: Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) patients require subsequent annual screening for possible post-operative complications. Ultrasonography is an established method for this purpose but lacks a screening protocol for hip joints. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography for detecting post-operative complications in HRA patients using a screening protocol that specifically targets periprosthetic muscles.Methods: We enrolled 45 hips from 40 HRA patients with mean age of 50 years at the time of surgery and a mean follow-up period of 8.2 years. MRI and ultrasonography scans were simultaneously conducted at follow-up. The ultrasonography assessments were conducted on the anterior, lateral, and posterior part of the hip that targets iliopsoas, sartorius, rectus femoris, fascia tensor, short rotators, and gluteus minimus, medius, and maximus. The accuracy of diagnosing postoperative abnormalities and the detectability of periprosthetic muscles were compared between these two modalities.Results: Both MRI and ultrasonography detected an abnormal region in 8 cases comprising 2 infections, 2 pseudotumors, and 4 patients with greater trochanteric bursitis. Among these cases, 4 hips required implant removal. The increase of anterior space, measured as the distance between the iliopsoas and resurfacing head, was a good indicator for the abnormal mass in these 4 HRA cases. In the assessment of periprosthetic muscles, MRI showed a much lower detectability than ultrasonography in the iliopsoas (6.7% vs 100%), gluteus minimus (6.7% vs 88.9%), and short rotators (8.8% vs 71.4%) due to implant halation.Conclusion: With a screening protocol that targets periprosthetic muscles, ultrasonography can detect postoperative complications as effectively as MRI assessments in HRA patients. Moreover, ultrasonography has superior detectability in the periprosthetic muscles of HRA patients, indicating its utility for the screening of small legions in these cases which may not be detectable by MRI.
Cost-utility Analysis of Extensile Lateral Approach Versus Sinus Tarsi Approach in Sanders type II/III Calcaneus Fractures
Authors: Li Zihua , Wu Xinbo , Zhou Haichao , Xu Shaochen , Xiao Fajiao , Huang Hui , Yang Yunfeng
Published: March 2020

Background Extensile lateral approach had been recognized as the gold standard technique for displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures (DIACFs) while sinus tarsi approach had been increasingly valued by surgeons. And comparative clinical outcome was shown in both techniques. Appropriate decisions could be made by the clinicians with the help of CUA about optimal healthcare for type II/III calcaneus fracture. Method A single-center, retrospective study was conducted in which basic characteristics, clinical outcomes and health care costs of 109 patients had been obtained and analyzed. Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores, validated by EuroQol five-dimensional-three levels (EQ-5D-3L), were used to enumerate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Cost-effectiveness was determined by the incremental cost per QALY. Results 109 patients were enrolled in our study including 62 in the ELA group and 47 in the STA group. There were no significant differences between these two groups in mean total cost, laboratory and radiographic evaluation expense, surgery, anesthesia and antibiotic expense. The expense of internal fixation materials ($3289.0 ± 543.9) versus ($2630.6 ± 763.7) and analgesia ($145.8 ± 85.6) versus ($102.9 ± 62.7) in ELA group were significantly higher than in the STA group ( P <.001, P =.008, respectively). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores showed significant difference at postoperative 3 and 5 days ( P <.001). American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores and the Bohlers’ and Gissane angle showed no significant differences between the two groups before and after the operation. The cost-effectiveness ratios of ELA and STA were $8766.8±2835.2/QALY and $7914.9 ± 1822.0/QALY respectively and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICERs) of ELA over STA was $32110.00/QALY, but both showed no significant difference. Conclusion Both ELA and STA techniques are effective operative procedures for the patients with calcaneus fracture. Moreover, STA seems to be more reasonable for its merits including less postoperative pain, and less expense of analgesia as well as internal fixation materials.
Posterior surgery assisted by three dimensional printing technology in the treatment of sacroiliac joint tuberculosis
Authors: Yin Xinhua , Yan Liang , Hao Ding Jun , Yang Xiao Bin , Liu Zhongkai
Published: March 2020

Background Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming increasingly important in spinal surgery, and few literatures have reported the surgical management for sacroiliac joint tuberculosis assisted by three dimensional printing technology. Purpose The study aim to assess the efficacy and feasibility of surgical treatment in sacroiliac joint tuberculosis (SJT) by posterior sacroiliac screws fixation, debridement and fusion, which assisted by three dimensional printing technology. Method Twenty-six patients with sacroiliac joint tuberculosis treated by surgery in our department between January 2008 and December 2015 . All the patients were divided into two group base on three dimensional printing technology: 11 cases in Group A underwent posterior debridement, fusion and sacroiliac screws fixation, and 15 cases in Group B underwent posterior debridement, bone graft, sacroiliac screws fixation, and three dimensional printing technology. Clinical and radiographic results for the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results All patients were followed up with an average 33.8±7.9 months (24–48 months). The sacroiliac joint tuberculosis was completely cured and the grafted bones were fused in all 26 patients. No injured nerve or other severe complications occurred in both groups. Group B achieved much better results in time of operation, intra-operative blood loss, and number of intra-operative fluoroscopy than group A ( p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in ESR, fusion time, and VAS score in the last follow-up ( p >0.05). Conclusions The three dimensional printing technology can achieve the better effect in the treatment of sacroiliac joint tuberculosis. Posterior surgery assisted by three dimensional printing technology in the treatment of sacroiliac joint tuberculosis has the characteristics of shorter operative time, less bleeding, and less number of intra-operative fluoroscopy.
Transmissibility of COVID-19 and its association with temperature and humidity
Authors: Guo Xiao-Jing , Zhang Hui , Zeng Yi-Ping
Published: March 2020

Background: The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, and has spread by human-to-human transmission to other areas. This study evaluated the transmissibility of the infectious disease and analyzed its association with temperature and humidity, in order to put forward suggestions on how to suppress the transmission. Methods: In this study, we revised the reported data in Wuhan to estimate the actual number of confirmed cases. Then we used the equation derived from the Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered (SEIR) model to calculate R0 from January 24, 2020 to February 13, 2020 in 11 major cities in China for comparison. With the calculation results, we conducted correlation analysis and regression analysis between R0 and temperature and humidity to see the impact of weather on the transmissibility of COVID-19. Results: It was estimated that the cumulative number of confirmed cases had exceeded 45,000 by February 13, 2020 in Wuhan. The average R0 in Wuhan was 2.7011, significantly higher than those in other cities ranging from 1.7762 to 2.3700. The inflection points in the cities outside Hubei Province were between January 30, 2020 and February 3, 2020, while there had not been an obvious downward trend of R0 in Wuhan. R0 negatively correlated with both temperature and humidity, which was significant at the 0.01 level. Conclusions: The transmissibility of COVID-19 was strong and importance should be attached to the intervention of its transmission especially in Wuhan. According to the correlation between R0 and weather, the spread of disease will be suppressed as the weather warms.
Cold Stratification and Pericarp Removal Improve Seed Germination of Ptelea trifoliata and Ptelea crenulata
Authors: Talcott Anna J. , Graves William R.
Published: March 2020

Two species of North American shrubs in the genus Ptelea (Rutaceae), commonly known as eastern and western hoptree or wafer ash, have unfulfilled potential to increase the diversity of managed landscapes and support populations of pollinators and swallowtail butterflies. The white flowers of Ptelea are highly fragrant, and pistillate flowers give rise to clusters of distinctive samaras. The insufficiency of information about improving germination of seeds of Ptelea trifoliata and lack of recommendations for Ptelea crenulata prompted us to investigate effects of pericarp removal and cold (4 °C) stratification periods of 0, 4, 8, and 16 weeks on the germination of seeds of these two species. Samaras were collected from multiple plants of both species in the midwestern United States (P. trifoliata) and California (P. crenulata). The germination percentage of viable seeds, calculated after tests of viability with tetrazolium chloride of seeds that did not germinate, increased with longer stratification periods, with 100% germination for P. crenulata and 91% germination for P. trifoliata after 16 weeks of stratification. The germination value, a measure of the speed and uniformity of germination, and peak value also increased with longer stratification in both species. Pericarp removal increased the germination percentage of both species and increased the peak and germination value of P. crenulata. Propagators seeking to grow these species of Ptelea from seed should remove the pericarp and cold-stratify seeds for 16 weeks to improve germination success.
Characterization of root-knot nematodes infecting mulberry in Southern China
Authors: Zhang Pan , Shao Hudie , You Chunping , Feng Yan , Xie Zhenwen
Published: March 2020

China is one of the largest producers of mulberry in the world. With the development of the sericulture industry, several pests and diseases have occurred in rapid succession, chief among which is the root-knot nematode disease affecting mulberry. According to the China cocoon and silk exchange, cocoon prices have doubled since the beginning of 2009 and rose to 92,700 yuan ($135,770) per tonne in mid-April 2010. According to customs statistics, in the first eight months of 2011, China’s silk merchandise exports amounted to 2.39 billion yuan. In this study, sequencing of the rDNA-ITS and D2-D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene was combined with root-knot nematode morphological characteristics to identify the root-knot nematode infecting mulberry in the Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hunan provinces of China. This resulted in the identification of Meloidogyne enterolobii as the causal species of root-knot nematode infections in these regions. Importantly, the morphological data agreed completely with our molecular phenotyping efforts, indicating that rDNA sequencing could provide a more clear-cut and less labor-intensive means of characterizing root-knot nematode infections in the future. The differences between this study and the previous studies were discussed, as well as the damage degree, host species and influence scope of M. enterolobii.
First report of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, on lavender in Turkey
Authors: Özalp Tevfik , Könül Gonca , Ayyıldız Önder , Tülek Adnan , Devran Zübeyir
Published: March 2020

Lavender is a medicinal and aromatic plant that is widely grown in Turkey. Gall symptoms were observed on roots of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) collected from Kırklareli and Edirne provinces. Egg masses were collected from galled roots. DNA isolated from all samples was screened by species-specific primers belonging to the most common species of root-knot nematodes and M. arenaria was the only species that was identified in all of the samples analyzed. This is the first report of M. arenaria infecting lavender in Turkey.
The effects of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines on the yield and quality of edamame (Glycine max l.) in Arkansas
Authors: Wilkes J. E. , Kirkpatrick T. L.
Published: March 2020

In 2012, the first domestic commercial edamame processing plant was established in Arkansas and edamame production was contracted out to local growers. Although the state is a major soybean producer, studies of nematode effects on edamame are limited. A survey of nematode genera and density in 64 contracted edamame production fields was conducted in 2013 and 2014. In both years, Meloidogyne and Heterodera were present in less than half of the surveyed fields while Pratylenchus was the most prevalent in 2013 and Helicotylenchus in 2014. A microplot study was conducted in 2014 in two locations to evaluate the effects of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita, race 3) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, HG type 2.5.7) on plant growth, yield and food quality components of edamame. Yield was the most consistent factor influenced by nematode pressure with increasing nematode population densities resulting in suppressed pod and seed weight. Additionally, seed protein content was reduced in the highest tested population density of H. glycines. In greenhouse studies, 22 advanced edamame breeding lines from the University of Arkansas soybean breeding program were compared with two susceptible commercial cultivars for suitability as hosts for both M. incognita and H. glycines independently. Four lines showed consistent reductions in M. incognita reproduction relative to the commercial cultivars and could represent sources of moderate resistance for development of future root-knot nematode resistant edamame cultivars.
Factores biológicos y psicológicos de la dermatitis atópica
Authors: Salamanca Sanabria Alicia , Hewitt Ramírez Nohelia
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo aborda la relación existente entre los factores biológicos y psicológicos en la dermatitis atópica. Esta es una enfermedad crónica que tiene graves secuelas en el funcionamiento psicológico del individuo, así mismo esta patología esta mediada por el sistema inmune, en la que los factores psicológicos tales como la ansiedad y la depresión influyen desde diversas vías: el sistema nervioso central, el sistema nervioso periférico y los factores hormonales, así como en las secreciones de sustancias como el cortisol y también la hiperreactividad de sistema inmune. Todo esto, en conjunto incide en el desarrollo de la sintomatología asociada a esta enfermedad y de la vulnerabilidad a la misma. Esta revisión permite mostrar la relevancia del trabajo interdisciplinario, así como la necesidad de considerar el tratamiento psicológico para el control y manejo de los síntomas.
Dismorfia muscular: definición y evaluación
Authors: Baile José
Published: March 2020

Dismorfia muscular: definición y evaluación
Tratamiento cognitivo conductual centrado en el trauma de mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja
Authors: Cáceres-Ortiz Eduin , Labrador-Encinas Francisco , Ardila-Mantilla Paola , Parada-Ortiz Diana
Published: March 2020

Se evaluó la efectividad de un tratamiento psicológico centrado en el trauma de mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja (VP). Las participantes fueron 73, con diagnóstico de TEPT (Trastorno de estrés postraumático). El diseño fue pre-experimental, los instrumentos utilizados fueron fiables para la población colombiana para medir el trauma (TEPT, depresión, ansiedad, autoestima e inadaptación). El estudio se dividió en tres fases: evaluación (características del trauma y sus consecuencias), tratamiento (breve en ocho sesiones, grupal, protocolizado en componentes: psicoeducación, activación, terapia cognitiva y exposición) y seguimientos a uno, tres y seis meses. Los resultados señalan que la VP es crónica, cíclica y suelen concurrir las tres formas de violencia. Las mujeres son víctimas y algunas maltratadoras (usan violencia física y verbal). También se demostró que la mayoría de las víctimas (74%) ha sufrido trauma complejo. Para demostrar la efectividad terapéutica se utilizó el estadístico g de Hedges que señala grandes tamaños del efecto en cada variable dependiente: TEPT (1.98), reexperimentación (2.07), evitación (1.55), hiperactivación (1.49), ansiedad (1.33), depresión (1.07), autoestima (1.58), inadaptación (1.24) y cogniciones postraumáticas (1.17). Respecto a la significancia clínica, la mayoría de mujeres mejoró la sintomatología después del tratamiento, de forma rápida en reexperimentación, ansiedad, depresión, autoestima e inadaptación y demorada en evitación, hiperactivación y las cogniciones postraumáticas. Los resultados del tratamiento se mantienen durante los seguimientos a nivel clínico y estadístico. Finalmente, se discuten los alcances del estudio y se plantean algunas recomendaciones para utilizar la guía de tratamiento en otras muestras.
El efecto de autogeneración como estrategia de rehabilitación de la memoria
Authors: Quijano María , Aponte Mónica
Published: March 2020

La memoria es uno de los procesos psicológicos más importantes en el desarrollo humano, ya que juega un papel esencial en el aprendizaje y en consecuencia en la realización de muchas de las actividades de la vida diaria; razón por la cual, el compromiso de esta facultad es considerada una de las alteraciones más incapacitantes en los seres humanos y que más afecta a las personas que padecen enfermedades asociadas con envejecimiento y trauma craneoencefálico (TCE). Sin embargo, existen diferentes técnicas de rehabilitación de la memoria que ayudan en el proceso de restablecimiento de los pacientes al nivel de funcionamiento más alto posible; y entre esas técnicas de rehabilitación se encuentran las que están basadas en el concepto de autogeneración, contando con la premisa que la información que genera uno mismo se recuerda mejor porque produce una huella más duradera, lo cual, se pude atribuir al hecho de que cuanto más profundo es el procesamiento, más compleja es la red y más rápido el acceso a la información por diferentes vías. Las investigaciones realizadas con la técnica del efecto de autogeneración, han demostrado que esta es una herramienta eficaz que retrasa el deterioro cognitivo, especialmente de la memoria, en personas que padecen trastornos asociadas al envejecimiento y enfermedades degenerativas, como la Demencia Tipo Alzheimer (DTA) y la esclerosis múltiple (EM); así como también mejora el aprendizaje y la memoria en personas sanas, con antecedente de Trauma Craneoencefálico (TCE), Deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y trastornos convulsivos, mejorando la calidad de vida y el funcionamiento cognitivo de estas personas. Actualmente se están desarrollando estudios en otras patologías, buscando cambiar el paradigma actual, en el que se considera que el paciente que ha perdido sus habilidades debe reaprender.
La propuesta socio-cultural de Vygotsky como alternativa a la vía del desarrollo biológico madurativo y a la corriente «espiritualista»
Authors: Perinat Adolfo
Published: March 2020

La teoría de Vygotsky acerca del desarrollo en los primeros años de vida se proyecta sobre el fondo de la psicología de finales del siglo XIX y primer tercio del siglo XX. Su idea de la sociogénesis, o sea, la influencia determinante de lo social en la configuración del comportamiento, aparece en sus escritos como contrapunto, por un lado, a los enfoques biologizantes que conciben el desarrollo como un mero proceso de maduración mientras que, por el otro, expresa su rechazo a lo que él llama «la psicología del espíritu», en la que percibe pervivencias del idealismo hegeliano. El presente trabajo busca poner en evidencia que, como salida a la encrucijada Vygotsky, escoge una «tercera vía», la sociogénesis, para encauzar el desarrollo de los procesos psíquicos superiores. Se hace una incursión en la sociogénesis, tal como aparece expuesta en las obras de Vygotsky, y se apuntan algunos matices que no deben perderse de vista al valorar esta transcendental aportación.
Lineamientos teóricos breves para una implementación más eficaz de la terapia de activación para la depresión
Authors: González Carlos
Published: March 2020

Lineamientos teóricos breves para una implementación más eficaz de la terapia de activación para la depresión
Resiliencia y responsabilidad filial en adolescentes mexicanos cuyo padre emigra a los Estados Unidos: los efectos de la separación
Authors: Olea Sahagún Laura , Roque Tovar Bernardo
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo expondrá los resultados de una investigación que se realizó con el propósito de identificar indicadores de un proceso resiliente en adolescentes cuyo padre emigra a los Estados Unidos. La muestra fue de 48 adolescentes, 24 cuyo padre emigra y 24 que viven con ambos padres; a ambos grupos se les aplicaron los siguientes 6 instrumentos: el Inventario de Relaciones Interpersonales (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985), el Cuestionario de Competencia Interpersonal del Adolescente (Buhrmester, 1990), la Escala de la Esperanza en el Niño (Snyder et.al., 1997), el Inventario de Ajuste de Weinberger (1990), la Escala de Conductas Conflictivas (Bosworth et.al., 1996) y la Escala de Actitudes Agresivas en el Adolescente (Guerra & Slaby, 1990). Los instrumentos mencionados miden varios aspectos del desarrollo psicosocial y se encontró que no había diferencia significativa en los resultados entre ambos grupos por lo que se infiere un proceso resiliente.
Modelo integrativo de la calidad de vida laboral percibida a partir de la inseguridad laboral, la jornada laboral y el salario, para hombres y mujeres trabajadores de empresas de la ciudad de Bogotá en diferentes rangos de edad
Authors: Gómez Carlos , Ponce Eduardo
Published: March 2020

El estudio de la calidad de vida laboral percibida (CVLP) ha estado dirigido a examinar aspectos aislados de las diferentes variables que determinan su percepción. La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo la integración de tres variables de reconocida importancia en la literatura científica: la inseguridad laboral, la jornada laboral y el salario, a fin de establecer en qué grado su combinación explica la CVLP. Para ello se tomó una muestra de 100 personas que laboraban en 3 empresas del sector de servicios de la ciudad de Bogotá y se les aplicaron dos instrumentos: la prueba PCVL, diseñada por Gómez (2007) y un cuestionario de aspectos sociolaborales diseñado para efectos de la presente investigación. Los datos fueron analizados bajo el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales e indicaron que solo el salario en su atributo de cuantía predice y explica de manera significativa la CVLP en toda la muestra. También se encontró que la edad y el género tienen un efecto significativo para moderar el efecto de las tres variables de estudio sobre la CVLP y algunas de sus dimensiones. El estudio en general muestra que el modelo inicial debe continuar replanteándose para mejorar su capacidad explicativa.
Formación en psicología de la salud en Colombia
Authors: Londoño Constanza , Flórez-Alarcón Luis
Published: March 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de realizar una descripción de las acciones de formación realizadas en psicología de la salud en las Facultades de Psicología de 107 universidades públicas y privadas de Colombia entre octubre de 2007 y enero de 2008. Se analizaron los planes de estudios y los programas disponibles de las asignaturas. Se utilizó una tabla de registro en la que se indicaba el tipo de actividad, contenido temático, modalidad y duración, en pregrado y postgrado respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de que la formación en el campo aplicado de la psicología de la salud ha aumentado respecto de años anteriores, ésta sigue supeditada a unas pocas horas dentro de una asignatura, denominada psicología clínica y de la salud, igualmente que el predominio en los temas de formación está en prevención y promoción, con un vacío importante, tanto en la formación en rehabilitación como en la de Salud Pública.
Estilos de aprendizaje de jóvenes universitarios con y sin dependencia a la nicotina de la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Almonacid Camila , Burgos Natalia , Utria Oscar
Published: March 2020

Esta es una investigación de tipo descriptivo comparativo cuyo interés fue identificar si existen diferencias en los estilos de aprendizaje entre 50 jóvenes universitarios con dependencia y 50 sin dependencia a la nicotina, residentes en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C. A la muestra de estudiantes universitarios les fue administrado el Test de Fagerström para la dependencia a la nicotina y el cuestionario Honey y Alonso para estilos de aprendizaje (CHAEA). Los datos fueron analizados a través de estadística descriptiva e inferencial y se encontró diferencias en los estilos. Los jóvenes con dependencia prefirieron el estilo de aprendizaje activo, caracterizándose por ser espontáneos, creativos y aventureros, mientras que el grupo de jóvenes no dependientes a la nicotina, no presentó una preferencia clara por ningún estilo de aprendizaje, lo cual se traduce en un uso equitativo de los estilos en las situaciones cotidianas.
Estudio de la obesidad infantil y su relación con la imagen corporal en una muestra española
Authors: Pallares Neila Javier , Baile Ayensa José
Published: March 2020

La obesidad infantil es uno de los factores de riesgo clave para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas. La prevención de ésta y su tratamiento se han convertido en una de las políticas sanitarias comunes en muchos países. Por ello, el estudio de la obesidad infantil y de sus características psicológicas debe ser un objetivo prioritario. El presente trabajo es un estudio transversal que tiene como objetivo general el análisis del sobrepeso y obesidad en una muestra de población infantil y la medida en que tales circunstancias pueden afectar a su imagen corporal. Fue llevado a cabo con 62 niños y niñas, estudiantes de dos colegios públicos de localidades de la Comunidad de Madrid, con una media de edad de 11,53 (DT .73). Como instrumentos de evaluación han sido utilizados la Escala Breve de Insatisfacción Corporal Infantil (EBICI), The Children’s Body Image Scale (CBIS) y un cuestionario antropométrico autoinformado por los propios sujetos de la muestra. Según los resultados obtenidos, aproximadamente el 18 % de la muestra tiene sobrepeso u obesidad, además se ha comprobado que el sobrepeso y la obesidad inciden negativamente en la percepción social y actitudinal que tienen los niños y niñas sobre su propio cuerpo.
Análisis factorial confirmatorio del Cuestionario de Análisis Clínico (CAQ) en una muestra de jóvenes de Bucaramanga
Authors: Albarracin Rodriguez Angela Pilar
Published: March 2020

Aunque el Cuestionario de Análisis Clínico (CAQ) ha sido ampliamente utilizado para evaluar rasgos psicopatológicos de la personalidad, no ha sido estudiado en Colombia. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la confiabilidad y la estructura factorial del CAQ en una muestra de 473 adolescentes de Bucaramanga entre los 16 y 25 años de edad. Los análisis de consistencia interna evidenciaron adecuados valores de confiabilidad (Cronbach de 0,69) mayores que los expuestos en la versión española. Así mismo, el análisis factorial confirmatorio evidenció tres factores que explican el 52,62% de la varianza, Depresivo, Neurótico e Independiente. Estos resultados muestran que el CAQ es útil en la evaluación de rasgos psicopatológicos, relacionados con aspectos depresivos.
Desempeño de la cognición social en niños y niñas inmersos en la dinámica del acoso escolar en la ciudad de Neiva, Colombia
Authors: Bonilla Santos Jasmin , Bonilla- Santos Gisella , Gutiérrez Sterling Daniela , Gomez - Morales Duván Fernando , Gonzalez-Hernandez Alfredis
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar el desempeño en ejecución de las pruebas de cognición social en los perfiles de niños y niñas vinculados al acoso escolar en una institución educativa pública de la ciudad de Neiva.  Con un diseño de tipo transversal y a través de un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional, se evaluaron 103 estudiantes de básica primaria seleccionados de acuerdo con los criterios de elegibilidad. Los resultados mostraron una mayor frecuencia de niños que se identificaron como observadores-víctimas y un desempeño inferior en las pruebas de faux pas-metida de pata, historias extrañas de Happé y test de miradas en la comparación por perfiles de acoso escolar y la edad. Los resultados sugieren  profundizar en estudios que relacionen la convivencia escolar con el desarrollo de la cognición social que relacionen las características sociodemográficas en las poblaciones estudiadas.
¿Masculino, femenino, andrógino o indiferenciado? Relación entre el rol sexual, la afectividad y la inteligencia emocional en personas adultas
Authors: García Felipe E. , Alzugaray Carolina , Cisternas Ornella , Espinoza Bella , Salgado Geraldine , Garabito Sandra
Published: March 2020

Los roles sexuales tradicionales se han ido modificando a la par de cambios sociales y demográficos. El propósito del presente estudio es determinar en qué medida hombres y mujeres se tipifican dentro de un rol masculino, femenino, andrógino o indiferenciado; además de analizar la relación entre el rol sexual, la afectividad positiva y negativa y la inteligencia emocional. Participaron 193 personas entre 18 y 60 años (50.8 % mujeres). Los resultados indican que los rasgos expresivos muestran una relación positiva más alta con inteligencia emocional y con su dimensión de percepción emocional, mientras que los rasgos instrumentales presentan la relación más alta con afectividad positiva, seguida de la inteligencia emocional. En cuanto a la clasificación de roles, se observa que el rol andrógino muestra mayores puntajes en inteligencia emocional y afectividad positiva que los demás roles. A su vez, el rol indiferenciado muestra los menores puntajes en inteligencia emocional y afectividad positiva que los demás roles. A la luz de los resultados y antecedentes de otros estudios, se concluye, en esta muestra específica, que la adopción de un rol sexual andrógino en hombres y mujeres tiene una relación importante con la afectividad positiva e inteligencia emocional.