bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post Yapısalcı Eleştirel Yaklaşımla, Yeni Avrasyacı Rus Jeopolitiğinin Coğrafi ve Jeokültürel Temsilleri
Authors: Çetin Bayram , Coşkun Mürşide
Published: January 2025

Makalede, Dugin’in Yeni Avrasyacılık söylemi eleştirel yaklaşımla yapı-söküme tabi tutulmuştur. Böylece jeokültürel ve coğrafi temsillerle inşa edilen Rus kimliği ve ideolojisine dayalı siyasî egemenlik dilinin çözümlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yeni Avrasyacılık, klasik anlayışın bilgi üretme modelini temsil eden en güncel söylemlerdendir. Klasik modelin tüm vasıflarını, özelliklerini geniş bir çerçevede yansıttığı için araştırma konusu olarak seçilmiştir.
Kökleri Rus tarihindeki siyasî ve kimlik bunalımlarına dayanan Yeni Avrasyacılık, 1991 sonrasındaki siyasî konjonktüre göre güncellenmiş imparatorluk jeopolitiğidir. Dugin’e göre Avrasyacılık Atlantikçi düzenin karşısında, tüm ezilen halkların yanında insani ve ulvi bir bloklaşmanın adıdır. Kara gücünü temsil eden Rus merkezli Avrasya İmparatorluğu, kuzey, doğu, güney ve batı yönlerinden Atlantikçi güce hizmet edebilecek olası Rimland (düşman) alanlarıyla kuşatılmıştır. Avrasyacılığın selameti adına farkındalığın yanında Moskova ile jeostratejik merkezler arasında kurulacak hatlarla bu kuşatmanın bertaraf edilebileceği öngörülür.
Söyleme göre Avrasyacılığın merkezinde, coğrafi sebeplerin yanında Bizans-Konstantinapol Kilisesi’nin hem teolojik hem de jeopolitik halefi olarak 3. Roma sıfatıyla Rus Devleti vardır. Yine Rus halkı medeniyet inşacısı ve taşıyıcısı gibi jeokültürel temsillerle Avrasya imparatorluğunun esas ve yönetici çekirdeğini oluşturur.
Yeni Avrasyacılık coğrafi temsillerle süslenmiş ideolojik bir söylemdir. Normatif değerler taşımadığı gibi açık çelişkiler ihtiva eden siyasî bir kurgudur. Post Sovyet dönem Rusya’sını yeniden imparatorluğa taşıma hevesiyle mekân, kimlik, vizyon ve devlet idaresi üzerinden kurgulanmıştır. Bu konuda Avrasyacığın dünya siyasî pratiğindeki yerini belirleyen öenmli husus, Avrasyacılığı Rusya’nın geleceğinde tek yol olarak gören ve hayata geçirmeye çalışan bir anlayışın (Vladimir Putin vasıtasıyla) iktidarda olmasıdır. Nitekim Şubat 2022’de başlayan ve hâlen süren Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’nın temellerini teşkil etmesi nedeniyle reel-politiğe yansıması olarak düşünülebilir.
Güney Avrupa Refah Rejiminde Vergilerin ve Kamu Harcamalarının Gelir Dağılımı Eşitsizliğine Etkisinin Panel Veri Yöntemi ile Analizi
Authors: Gücenmez Tuğba , Dogan Metin
Published: January 2025

Refah devleti İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde oldukça önemli bir yaklaşımken 1970 yılı sonrası dönemde giderek önemi azalmaya başlamıştır. 1973’te başlayan ekonomik kriz ve bu krizin beraberinde getirdiği ekonomide yavaşlama ve stagflasyon ile kamu maliyesinde yaşanan gelişmeler refah devletinin eleştirilmesinin başlıca sebepleri olmuştur. Refah devletinin zayıflamasını izleyen süreçte neoliberalizm giderek hâkim paradigma halini almaya başlamıştır. Neoliberalizmin yükselmesiyle refah devleti programları birçok ülkede artık daha sınırlı bir şekilde uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Vergi ve kamu harcamaları açısından bakıldığında bu durum önemli değişikliklere yol açmıştır. Yeni sistemde kamu gelirlerinin finansmanında emek sermayeye göre daha fazla katkı sağlamaktadır.
Bu çalışmada 1980-2021 yılları arasında neoliberal küreselleşmenin farklı gelir gruplarına etkisinin görülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda panel veri yönteminden yararlanarak Güney Avrupa Refah Rejimine dahil edilen 6 ülkeyi kapsayan bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. PMG tahmincisinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada iki model ve her modelde de iki farklı gelir grubuna göre farklı analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu yapılan analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre modelde yer alan ülkelerdeki vergi yapısı bu ülkelerdeki üst gelir gruplarının milli gelirden daha fazla pay sahip olmasına neden olmaktadır. Kamu sosyal harcamaları ise düşük gelirli gruplara refah anlamında katkı sağlasa da bütün olarak düşünüldüğünde gelirin daha adil dağılımı konusunda beklenilen düzeyde faydayı sağlamamaktadır.
Beşerî Sermayenin İktisadi Verimliliğine Doğru: Daha İyi Yaşam ve Ekolojik Tehdit E7 ve D8 Ülkeleri İçin Önemli Mi?
Authors: Telli Resul
Published: January 2025

Günümüzün dinamik dünyasında bireylerin genel refahını sürdürülebilir bir çerçevede artırma devletlerin öncelikli konuları haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle devletlerin beşeri sermayesi, yaşam endeksi ve ekolojik tehdit gibi temel göstergelerinin ölçülmesi ve bu ölçümlerin birbiri ile kıyaslanması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Beşerî sermaye, bireylerin bilgi, beceri ve sağlığa ait en temel göstergeleri hakkında detaylı bilgi sunarak toplumun potansiyelini ve üretkenliğini analiz etmede önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle yapılan bu çalışmada E7 ve D8 ülkelerinde nüfusun genel refahının kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılmasını araştırmak amacıyla yaşam endeksi ve ekolojik tehdit (çevre sağlığı) göstergeleri ile beşeri sermaye endeksinin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada etkinlik belirlemek ve devletleri kıyaslamak amacıyla Süper Etkinlik (Slacks-Based Measure) modeli tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmada 2 girdi (Beşeri Kalkınma Endeksi, Kişi Başına Düşen Gelir) ve 2 çıktı (Kaliteli Yaşam Endeksi, Ekolojik Tehdit Raporu) değişkeni kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler Dünya Bankası ve OECD gibi kurumların veri tabanından derlenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda girdilerine oranla en yüksek ilerlemeyi kaydeden ülkeler D8 ülkeleri içinden Pakistan, Türkiye ve Nijerya olarak belirlenmiştir.
ZEKERİYYÂ EL-ENSÂRÎ’NİN FETHU’L-BÂKÎ Bİ ŞERHİ ELFİYYETİ’L-‘IRÂKÎ’DEKİ ŞERH METODU
Authors: Takdemir Abdusselam
Published: January 2025

Özet
Memlükler dönemi, ilmî kültürel ve ilmî hareketlilik açısından oldukça verimli bir dönem olmuştur. Bu dönem, önemli ilmî mirası insanlığa bırakmıştır. Özellikle hadislerin şerh edilmesi bakımından altın çağ Memlükler döneminde yaşanmıştır. Burada yetişen âlimler değişik alanlarda birçok eser yazmıştır. Zekeriyyâ el-Ensârî (ö.926/1520) de bu dönemin önemli âlimlerinden biridir. Hicri IX./X. asırlarında yaşayan el-Ensârî, yüz yılı aşkın ömrünü ilim tahsiline adamış, birçok ilimde mahir konuma gelmiştir. Birçok öğrenci yetiştirmiş ve birçok kitap yazmıştır. Yazdığı eserlerden biri de H. VIII/IX. asırlarda yaşayan el-Irâkî (öl. 806/1404)’nin et-Tabsıra ve’t-Tezkira isimli Elfiyye’sine yazdığı şerh eseridir. el-Ensârî’nin bu şerh eserinin ismi Fethu’l-Bâkî bi Şerhi Elfiyyeti’l-Irâkî olup, bu eser âlimler tarafından kabul görmüş ve referans olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu makalemizde, el-Ensârî’nin ve ‘Irâkî’nin hayatları, ilmi kişilikleri, hocaları, öğrencileri, eserleri ve vefat tarihleri hakkında kısaca bilgi verilecektir. el-Ensârî, şerhinde takip ettiği yöntem sayesinde ‘Irâkî’nin beyitlerine açıklık getirmiştir. Şerh eserindeki yöntemini tespit etmek için söz konusu eser, detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiş, önemli bulunan yerler başlıklandırılmış ve onun yöntemi bu başlıkların altında örneklendirilerek ortaya konulmuştur. Bu şerhin günümüz akademik camia tarafından tanınmasının faydalı olacağı kanaatindeyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: el-Ensârî, et-Tabsıra, Fethu’l-Bâkî, Metot, Şerh.
PHARMACIST INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN HEART FAILURE
Authors: Bulut Yeşim , Bektay Muhammed Yunus
Published: January 2025

Objective: Heart failure (HF) is associated with poor outcomes, such as high mortality and hospitalization rates, and impaired quality of life (QoL). Pharmacist participations in a multidisciplinary care team have demonstrated to be beneficial in HF, which includes optimization of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and medication adjustment, optimizing the transition of care (ToC) and medication reconciliation, and providing patient education. The aim of this literature review is to investigate the impact of pharmacist interventions on HF, with the intention to improve clinical outcomes.
Result and Discussion: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of pharmacist intervention in HF patients were reviewed, and 8 randomized controlled trials were included. The pharmacist interventions that were investigated in these studies were medication review, patient counseling, and patient education. The included studies demonstrated that pharmacist interventions may reduce prescribing errors, medication discrepancies, and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Studies demonstrated that patient counseling and education provided by the pharmacist may improve QoL and patient knowledge in HF. The rest of the outcomes lacked significance. In order to develop this issue further, large-scale randomized controlled trials and large-scale meta-analyses should be conducted involving pharmacist interventions in HF.
FLAVONOİTLERİN AKCİĞER KANSERİNE KARŞI ETKİLERİ
Authors: Güverti Ömer Furkan , Deliorman Orhan Didem
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Kanser, ülkemizde ve dünyada yaygın olarak görülen, kronikleşebilen ve bulaşıcı olmayan bir hastalık türüdür. Kanser tedavisinde kemoterapi, immünoterapi, radyoterapi, fitoterapi, palyatif tedaviler ve cerrahi yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Bu derleme flavonoitlerin akciğer kanserini önleme ve tedavi etme üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen in vitro, in vivo ve klinik çalışma sonuçlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca flavonoitlerin hangi mekanizmalar ile akciğer kanserini önlemede ve tedavi etmede kullanıldığı araştırılmıştır.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Flavonoitlerin akciğer, meme, yumurtalık, özofagus ve kolorektal kanserlerdeki etkinlikleri ile ilgili pek çok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Özellikle akciğer kanserindeki etkinliklerini değerlendirmek için in vitro, in vivo ve klinik çalışma bulguları da mevcuttur. Bu bulgular ışığında flavonoitler antioksidan, antienflamatuvar, antiproliferatif aktiviteler, biyoaktifleştirici enzimlerin inhibisyonu ve detoksifiye edici enzimlerin indüksiyonu dahil olmak üzere birçok etki ile antikanser aktivite göstemektedir. Bunun yanı sıra flavonoitler seçici olarak akciğer kanseri hücrelerini apoptoza teşvik ederek antikanser etki sağlamaktadırlar ve normal sağlıklı hücrelere zarar vermemektedirler. Sonuç olarak flavonoitlerin preklinik çalışmalarda akciğer karsinogenezini inhibe ettiği ve burada görevli olan sinyal yolaklarını hedefleme kapasitesine sahip olduğu anlaşılmakla beraber, çok daha fazla klinik çalışmanın yapılmasının gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Komparasi Kinerja Keuangan Industri Farmasi Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019-2020 Masa Sebelum dan Berlangsungnya Pademi COVID-19
Authors: Adiyanti Adiyanti , Yam Jim Hoy , Safitriawati Tita
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh signifikan baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial antara Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Assets Turn Over, dan Return on Equity terhadap Return Saham pada industri farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2019-2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode non probability sampling dalam penentuan 10 sampel perusahaan. Model analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Model Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Hasil penelitian menenjukan bahwa periode 2019 secara simultan CR, DER, TATO dan ROE tidak berpengaruh terhadap Return Saham, dan periode 2020 menunjukan CR, DER, TATO dan ROE berpengaruh terhadap Return Saham. Sedangkan secara parsial periode 2019 DER berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return Saham dan periode 2020 secara parsial DER dan ROE berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return Saham.
PENGARUH PERILAKU BELAJAR, KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN BUDAYA TERHADAP TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN AKUNTANSI (Studi Empiris Pada Mahasiswa Akuntansi Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang)
Authors: Prayoga Angga , Dongoran Parlindungan , Widayati Neneng
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris apakah perilaku belajar, kecerdasan emosional dan budaya berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pemahaman akuntansi. Perilaku belajar meliputi kebiasaan mengikuti pelajaran, kebiasaan membaca buku, kunjungan keperpustakaan, dan kebiasaan mengikuti ujian, kecerdasan emosional diukur berdasarkan lima komponen yaitu pengenalan diri, pengendalian diri, motivasi, empati, dan keterampilan sosial, selanjutnya variabel budaya menggunakan perbedaan budaya serta budaya non jawa dan jawa. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa jurusan akuntansi Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang. penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Variabel yang digunakan adalah tingkat pemahaman akuntansi, perilaku belajar, kecerdasan emosional dan budaya. Uji yang digunakan adalah analisis linear berganda dengan menggunakan aplikasi program SPSS 25.0. Hasil analisis menunjukan pengaruh perilaku belajar, kecerdasan emosional dan budaya berpengaruh postif terhadap tingkat pemahaman akuntansi terhadap tingkat pemahaman akuntansi. Secara simultan hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa variabel perilaku belajar, kecerdasan emosional, dan budaya berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pemahaman akuntansi.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRICE EARNING RATIO PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR FARMASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2015-2020
Authors: Astuti Nita
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh price to book value, ukuran perusahaan, fixed asset turnover, net profit margin dan debt to equity ratio terhadap price earning ratio pada perusahaan sektor farmasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2020. Metode pemilihan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, sampel yang diperoleh 8 perusahaan dengan data pengamatan (n) = 48. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi data panel, dengan menggunakan software eviews 9. Hasil analisis menunjukkan secara parsial price to book value dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap price earning ratio, dan secara parsial fixed asset turnover dan net profit margin berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap price earning ratio. Sedangkan secara parsial debt to equity ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap price earning ratio. Dan Secara simultan price to book value, ukuran perusahaan, fixed asset turnover, net profit margin dan debt to equity ratio berpengaruh terhadap price earning ratio.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI KANTOR BERSAMA SAMSAT KOTA TANGERANG PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Kristanti Kristanti
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the factors that inluence the mandatory compliance of motorizes vehicle passengers i the joint ofice of the Tanggerang city. The study used a questionnaire tool in data collection. The data used in this study is primary data. The population used in the research are motor vehicle taxpayers who are registered at the joint office of samsat.  The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample 96 responden. The data analysis technique used is analisis SPSS version 24. This study shows that the E-samsat program has no effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance with a significant level of 0,154 > 0,05, mobile samsat has an effective on motor vehicle tax payer compliance with value 0,543 > 0,05, and PKB whitening has a significant efecr on otor vehicle taxpaye compliance with a significant 0,569 > 0,05.
PENGARUH HALAL KNOWLEDGE, RELIGIUSITAS, SIKAP KONSUMEN GENERASI Z TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMEN PRODUK KOSMETIK HALAL DALAM NEGERI STUDI KUANTITATIF DI LINGKUNGAN KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Kusuma Rusbiansyah Perdana , Kurniawati Ria
Published: January 2025

Mengkonsumsi produk halal merupakan masalah sosial yang ada di masyarakat dan menjadi tanggung jawab negara. Negara melalui pemerintah memiliki kewajiban untuk menjamin kehalalan suatu produk dan kejujuran para produsen. Saat ini masyarakat muslim sangat memperhatikan status kehalalan suatu produk karena kewajiban mentaati agama dan juga ilmunya. Peningkatan pertumbuhan industri kosmetik halal tercermin dari meningkatnya kesadaran konsumen terhadap bahan-bahan yang terkandung sebagai informasi yang mudah mereka dapatkan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan permintaan produk halal adalah informasi dan pengetahuan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah tingkat pengetahuan dan religiusitas konsumen Generasi Z terhadap perilaku pembelian produk kosmetik halal dengan menggunakan Consumer Attitude sebagai variabel intervensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan data primer. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh konsumen kosmetik halal generasi Z  berasal dari Universitas Islam Sheikh-Yusuf Tangerang.. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner melalui google form yang kemudian data tersebut akan diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Perangkat pengolah data square (PLS) yang menggunakan metode random bootstrap atau perkalian untuk memastikan bahwa asumsi normalitas tidak menjadi masalah bagi PLS.
A SYSTEM FOR LIFE-CYCLE DESIGN OF PAVEMENT
Authors: Lindow E. S. , Brown J. J.
Published: January 2025

Facility design and maintenance based on life-cycle cost analyses has been justified from economic and serviceability standards. The Armed Services Procurement Regulations acknowledges this by stating: "It is the policy of the Department of Defense to procure supplies and services from responsible sources at fair and reasonable prices calculated to result in the lowest ultimate overall cost to the Government".[l] To efficiently accommodate this guidance in pavement management activities, the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) has developed a computerized system for performing life-cycle pavement analyses. The purpose of this paper is to describe this system and exemplify its use relative to the life-cycle design of portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements.
BELGIAN EXPERIENCE WITH CONTINUOUSlY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
Authors: DeChamps Y. , DePaepe R. , Dutron P.
Published: January 2025

This document on Belgian reinforced concrete pavement details the nation's advancements and challenges in highway construction. Belgium has prioritized continuous reinforced concrete pavements due to advantages like minimal transverse joints, durability, and reduced maintenance costs. Key points: 1. **Design & Construction**: - Reinforced concrete road sections were standardized across Belgium for uniformity. - Belgium adjusted American pavement designs to meet local needs, like heavier axle loads. - The pavement uses a reinforced steel mesh and slipform pavers for efficient construction. - Surface texturing methods, including grooving, chipping, and aggregate exposure, were explored to enhance skid resistance. 2. **Behavior in Service**: - Cracks and subsidence were monitored. Tight cracks were undesirable, as they risked concrete chunks detaching. - Studies on corrosion showed no significant issues. - Localized defects due to poor compaction or vibration needed repairs. 3. **Recommendations**: - Reduce longitudinal reinforcement and lower its placement to improve crack distribution. - Test surface treatments to improve skid resistance and reduce noise. - Test higher-yield steel for lower reinforcement percentages. 4. **Future Considerations**: - Belgium intends to continue investing in reinforced concrete, despite a construction slowdown. - The existing network will be modernized, and overlays will be used for road maintenance. These insights illustrate Belgium's proactive approach to building long-lasting, low-maintenance highway infrastructure using reinforced concrete technology. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
CANADIAN FORCES EXPERIENCE IN SLIP FORMING AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS
Authors: Harvey T. S. W. , Mclean J. A.
Published: January 2025

The project at Canadian Forces Base Cold Lake in Alberta involved constructing a 10,000-foot runway in response to urgent pilot training needs. The base faced a rush job due to limited surveys and advanced planning. The runway's previous structure consisted of layers of asphalt and gravel over granular subbase. However, its asphaltic surface deteriorated quickly, prompting resurfacing attempts that didn't hold up. In the new project, engineers decided on a slip-formed overlay to replace the old surface. This method was crucial because of strict timelines and soil stability issues. The new pavement used grooves to improve drainage, and pilots reported better braking and a smoother landing experience. The project was completed ahead of schedule, with only minor cracking after a year, suggesting it would significantly outlast the old surface. Despite some issues with sealant bonding, the project was deemed a success. The quality of the new pavement, its stability, and excellent riding qualities offered an improvement that met the Canadian Forces' needs. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
CONCRETE ROAD EXPERIENCE IN GREAT BRITAIN 1969-1975
Authors: Lake J. R. , Lister N. W. , Thompson P. D.
Published: January 2025

The scientific article "Concrete Road Experience in Great Britain 1969-1975" provides a comprehensive analysis of the developments in concrete road construction within Great Britain during the specified period, with a focus on design evolution, experimental outcomes, and specification changes. The study details historical shifts in concrete road technology, particularly in the design and construction techniques, which have been influenced by extensive experimental research and field observations by the Road Research Laboratory and other bodies. Innovations such as the adjustment in the thickness and reinforcement of concrete slabs based on traffic load and subgrade conditions, the introduction of load transfer devices like dowel bars, and the utilization of air-entrained concrete mixes for enhanced durability are highlighted. The paper also addresses ongoing issues such as pavement cracking and the resulting maintenance challenges. Key outcomes include the implementation of more scientific design approaches leading to the first design recommendations in 1955, later updates in the 1960s and 1970s, and the consequent rise in concrete road construction following these publications. However, despite these advancements, challenges in surface texture and ride quality persist, indicating the need for continuous improvement in construction practices and materials technology. The insights derived from these experiences contribute significantly to the evolution of road construction methodologies, aiming to enhance the longevity and functional quality of concrete pavements. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONTROL OF JOINT FAULTING OF UNDOWELED PAVEMENTS
Authors: Packard Robert G.
Published: January 2025

Based on a study of the performance of undoweled concrete pavements, it is concluded that the degree of joint faulting depends on the number of heavy trucks carried, slab thickness, joint spacing, and the type of subbase and subgrade. The effect of different degrees of joint faulting on the quality of ride, or serviceability, of pavements is evaluated. A correlation of the faulting data provides an improved method for predicting the degree of faulting and serves as a more definite basis than previously available to decide whether or not a doweled joint design is required. The fault prediction model may also be used, with stated, limitations, to estimate the required thickness of undoweled pavements designed thicker than conventional doweled pavements to compensate for the absence of dowels. The results are intended to apply to the design of highway and street pavements with short joint spacings.
DESIGN CONCEPTS OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN EUROPE
Authors: Springenschmid R.
Published: January 2025

This scientific article, authored by Prof. R. Springenschmid, explores the diverse design concepts of concrete pavements across Europe, emphasizing the varied approaches and specifications employed in different countries. It details how European nations have shifted from using long, reinforced concrete slabs to shorter, unreinforced slabs without expansion joints, adapting to new research and technologies like slipform pavers and dowels at transverse joints. The article highlights the extensive use of concrete pavements in motorways and airports across Europe, with a focus on innovative practices like the use of prestressed pavements in heavy-duty applications. Significant emphasis is placed on the evolution of design practices, influenced heavily by both practical experience and theoretical advancements. It discusses how different countries have adapted their specifications to accommodate local conditions such as climate and traffic, without a unified European standard. The integration of theoretical models, especially from research in Belgium and France, has propelled forward the understanding of stress calculations and pavement behavior under various loads. The research also addresses specific challenges like thermal and shrinkage stresses, and the role of subbases in pavement performance. The narrative concludes by contemplating the future of pavement designs, advocating for a balance between empirical practices and theoretical insights to enhance pavement longevity and functionality. This comprehensive review not only serves as a testament to the dynamic nature of concrete pavement engineering in Europe but also as a foundation for further research and development in the field. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE OVERLAY BASED ON PERFORMANCE
Authors: Renner Karl H.
Published: January 2025

This scientific article by Karl H. Renner discusses the design criteria for continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) overlays, focusing on performance-based improvements for deteriorating sections of the U.S. Interstate Highway system. The paper highlights the challenges posed by existing pavements, including their inadequate design to handle unanticipated heavy traffic loads and environmental stressors. The author evaluates the effectiveness of CRCP overlays in extending the lifespan and durability of these pavements by conducting a comprehensive survey of 23 highway projects across 13 states. Renner elaborates on the advantages of CRCP overlays, such as improved structural integrity, reduced maintenance costs, and better load transfer without the need for frequent joint repairs, which conventional pavements require. The article also covers the technical aspects of overlay design, including the importance of uniform overlay thickness, the role of steel reinforcement, and the introduction of leveling courses to mitigate issues arising from non-uniform base conditions. The study concludes that CRCP overlays, while initially more expensive, offer long-term economic benefits and superior performance compared to other resurfacing methods. The findings advocate for their use in rehabilitating existing pavements to meet current and future traffic demands effectively. This comprehensive approach not only enhances pavement durability but also contributes to a better understanding of overlay design practices, paving the way for further research and development in pavement engineering. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR CRCP BASED ON LABORATORY AND FIELD OBSERVATIONS
Authors: McCullough B. Frank
Published: January 2025

In this paper a CRCP design procedure is presented along with the necessary limiting criteria. The procedure is derived from theoretical and empirical models developed in connection with numerous field and laboratory studies. The first basic concept is to provide adequate longitudinal steel considering the specific conditions of a project to achieve a desirable crack width, crack spacing, and steel stress. These limiting criteria are shown in the report. A check is also made to limit spalling and other distress manifestations from occurring. The AASTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures is recommended for pavement thickness design.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Of CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
Authors: Nussbaum P. J. , Lokken E. C.
Published: January 2025

This article presents a comprehensive study of concrete pavement design and construction in the United States, focusing on the performance, cost-effectiveness, and regional usage of different concrete pavement types. Initiated in 1975 by the Portland Cement Association under the sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration, this study surveyed all state highway or transportation departments to collect data on concrete pavement design specifications, construction costs, and performance across various regions. Four main designs were analyzed: plain concrete, plain doweled concrete, conventionally reinforced doweled concrete, and continuously reinforced concrete, each with distinct characteristics concerning joint reinforcement and load transfer. The study is divided into three main sections: design preferences and specifications across states, cost analysis considering initial construction and maintenance, and field surveys evaluating pavement performance. It highlights regional differences in design practices influenced by climate, subgrade conditions, and other environmental factors. Performance data from field surveys across several states provided insights into the distress patterns associated with each pavement type, informing recommendations for design and construction improvements. Key findings include the significant impact of dowels on reducing joint faulting and the comparative cost-effectiveness of different pavement designs when considering long-term maintenance. The study also emphasizes the need for adequate joint sealant design and the benefits of stabilized subbases in enhancing pavement durability. The article concludes with specific recommendations for improving concrete pavement performance, focusing on joint design, material selection, and the strategic use of dowels and reinforcements to mitigate common pavement distresses and enhance overall serviceability. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
DRAINAGE CONSIDERATIONS TO MINIMIZE DISTRESS AT THE PAVEMENT-SHOULDER JOINT
Authors: Barksdale Richard D. , Micks G.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the challenges and solutions associated with water-related distress at the pavement-shoulder joint in highway systems, particularly where Portland cement concrete pavements meet asphaltic concrete shoulders. The joint between the pavement and shoulder is identified as a critical weakness, where water infiltration leads to various forms of deterioration such as cracking, settlement, and structural damage. These effects are exacerbated by frost heave in northern climates and heaving of expansive subgrade soils in both warm and cold regions. The research underscores the significance of efficient drainage systems to mitigate these problems. Field studies and laboratory experiments demonstrate that rapid removal of surface water from beneath the pavement and shoulder structures significantly reduces the severity of water-associated issues. Key to this process is the design and implementation of highly permeable drainage layers and effective drainage systems that ensure the quick expulsion of water. The use of open-graded, asphaltic concrete base course mixes, which provide both structural support and drainage capabilities, is advocated. The paper details the design considerations for these drainage systems, emphasizing the importance of permeability and the quick removal of water to prevent damage. It highlights the necessity of integrating proper drainage facilities during the construction and maintenance of highways to extend the lifespan of pavement structures and reduce maintenance costs and safety hazards. This comprehensive approach not only addresses groundwater but also manages surface infiltration, which is equally detrimental to the pavement-shoulder integrity. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
DRAINAGE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT STRUCTURES
Authors: Ring George W.
Published: January 2025

This article, authored by George W. Ring III, addresses the critical issue of subsurface drainage in the performance of concrete pavements. It highlights the often overlooked fact that water trapped beneath pavement slabs can cause significant damage, including subgrade support reduction, faulting at joints, and accelerated deterioration of the concrete. The study draws on data from various interstate studies and long-term road life studies, which collectively demonstrate that effective drainage systems vastly enhance pavement longevity and performance. The paper asserts that current design standards for concrete pavements often neglect adequate drainage solutions, focusing instead on thickness and material strength to counteract the effects of water. Ring argues for the inclusion of drainage considerations in pavement design criteria to prevent water-related damages such as pumping, faulting, and erosion of subgrade and subbase materials. He discusses the historical evolution of pavement drainage design and emphasizes the importance of both surface and subsurface drainage systems. Through detailed analysis and reference to pioneering work, Ring outlines the necessary steps for designing effective drainage systems and the need for further research in improving these systems. In conclusion, the article calls for a shift in engineering practices towards incorporating comprehensive drainage solutions in pavement designs to ensure better performance and durability. Ring's insights advocate for a more holistic approach to pavement design, integrating both structural integrity and efficient water management to mitigate the adverse effects of water on pavement systems. This comprehensive perspective aims to extend the lifespan of pavements and reduce maintenance costs over time. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
INVESTIGATION INTO THE PERFORMANCE OF RIGID PAVEMENT JOINTS AND SEALANTS
Authors: Thornton J. B.
Published: January 2025

This study, conducted by the Georgia Department of Transportation, examines the effectiveness of various joint sealants in rigid pavements over a five-year period. Focusing on a test area along I-20 east of Atlanta, the research involved the construction of 32 test sections with different joint spacings and angles, utilizing eight types of sealants including polysulfide and polyurethane polymers, rubberized asphalt, neoprene, and polyvinylchloride (PVC). The study meticulously monitored the installation process to ensure optimal sealant performance. Key findings suggest significant differences in performance among the sealants, with specific recommendations against using polysulfide and polyurethane for contraction joints unless shape factors are modified. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of watertight seals to prevent pavement deterioration due to water ingress and subsequent base material loss, which can lead to slab cracking and reduced ride quality. Recommendations also include the potential use of low modulus silicone for sealing shoulder joints due to its durable and flexible properties, particularly in colder conditions. The study highlights the critical role of proper joint sealing in extending the lifespan and functionality of concrete roadways, providing essential insights for pavement maintenance and construction standards. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
NAVY EXPERIENCE IN ELIMINATING KEYS FROM CONSTRUCTION JOINTS OF CONCRETE AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS
Authors: Brown Philip P. , Jones Michael P.
Published: January 2025

This study documents the U.S. Navy's shift from traditional keyed construction joints in airfield pavements to a simpler butt-joint design without keys or dowels, driven by recent increases in joint failures. Keyed joints, once standard for connecting concrete pavement slabs to prevent faulting and minimize stress, have been increasingly problematic, especially under heavy aircraft traffic like the C-141 and C-5A. Failures often result from poor concrete consolidation at joints, use of large aggregates, or stresses from construction equipment. The Navy has adopted the butt-joint design underlain by a high-quality stabilized base course, drawing on Californian highway practices. This approach sidesteps the complexities of dowel placement and key forming, especially in slipform paving. The article outlines the Navy's extensive operational experience with this design across various bases, showing favorable outcomes in reducing pavement stress and improving joint performance. Notably, the Santa Ana base has seen excellent durability with no key-related defects after eight years, supporting the design's efficacy. Furthermore, the butt-joint design not only facilitates slipform paving but also enhances the overall pavement structure due to the supportive properties of the stabilized base course. This transition reflects a significant shift in military infrastructure strategy, prioritizing long-term pavement integrity and operational safety over traditional construction methods. The findings advocate for wider adoption of this technique, potentially influencing civil aviation and roadway engineering practices. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
PERFORMANCE OF HEAVY-LOAD PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (RIGID) AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS
Authors: Hutchinson Ronald L. , Vedros Philip J.
Published: January 2025

This scientific article investigates the performance of heavy-load rigid airfield pavements constructed with Portland cement concrete. By focusing on 12 military airfields designed using Corps of Engineers criteria, the study assesses pavement lifespan and durability under actual aircraft traffic conditions compared to initial design predictions. It is revealed that many of these pavements, built across diverse environmental conditions and bearing various aircraft loads (up to 770,000 lb), generally perform well but vary in their rate of deterioration. The analysis combines physical condition surveys, including major and minor pavement defects, with detailed traffic data to evaluate the expended life of the pavements against their designed life expectancy. Results indicate that in many cases, the pavements underuse their projected service life, suggesting that the design criteria may be overly conservative. The study also touches on the repair and maintenance aspects of these pavements, highlighting the correlation between maintenance practices and pavement longevity. The findings advocate for ongoing adjustments to pavement design criteria based on empirical data from in-field performance, reinforcing the necessity for regular updates to engineering standards to accommodate actual usage patterns and environmental impacts. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
PERFORMANCE OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN INDIANA
Authors: Faiz Asif , Yoder Eldon J.
Published: January 2025

Continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP) represent a relatively recent development in concrete pavement technology. Their widespread use in recent years has met with mixed success. This study reports the findings of a detailed field investigation of in-service CRC pavements in Indiana. One of the objectives of this evaluation was to recommend design and construction guidelines that would help to improve CRCP performance. The study consisted of the following sequential steps: 1. Pavement condition surveys. 2. Detailed field testing and evaluation. 3. Laboratory testing program. A statistical analysis of the condition survey data showed that subbase type, methods of steel placement and steel fabrication, concrete slump, and age of pavement since opened to traffic were significant contributors to pavement performance. Based on these results, a field investigation of CRC pavements was conducted. ln this study, 31 test sections, each 1000 ft. in length, were used. As far as possible, each test section represented a unique combination of material, construction, traffic, and temperature variables. The results of the detailed field tests and laboratory studies showed that failures in CRCP are a function of a number of interacting variables. Generally, higher pavement deflection, decreased pavement stiffness, wider crack widths, and erratic non-uniform crack patterns were associated with failed pavement condition. The support conditions under CRCP were of particular significance relative to performance. Well-compacted granular subbases with high stability and good permeability (internal drainage) showed excellent performance. Failures on CRCP were found to be correlated with concrete having a relatively low bulk density and modulus of elasticity. It was observed that paving concrete with a relatively higher slump (minimum of 1.5 in.) was more suited to CRCP with respect to good performance. An analysis of CRCP design revealed that use of 0.6 percent steel was, at best, marginal. There were further indications that current CRCP thickness design may be inadequate to withstand the traffic loads imposed on Interstate Highways. The paper concludes with a set of construction and design guidelines that should help to improve the performance of CRCP in Indiana.
PLAIN PAVEMENT; AN ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVE
Authors: Bium Ralph C. , Solberg Clinton E.
Published: January 2025

The paper "Plain Pavement; An Economical Alternative" by Ralph C. Blum and Clinton E. Solberg examines the economic pressures faced by state transportation departments and the innovative measures implemented to reduce costs in highway construction. Focusing on the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WDOT), the study details the transition from steel-reinforced concrete pavement to non-reinforced plain concrete pavement (PCP) in a 20-mile segment of Interstate Highway 43. This shift resulted in a significant cost reduction of $1.6 million. The authors discuss the historical context and economic analysis that influenced the decision, emphasizing the need for cost efficiency due to the declining purchasing power of state dollars and increasing construction material costs. The paper explores the construction process, the performance and maintenance of plain versus reinforced pavements, and the long-term economic and operational benefits. It concludes that the use of PCP not only offered immediate financial relief but also maintained quality and durability, making it a viable economic alternative for future highway projects. The findings suggest that PCP could potentially offer a sustainable model for managing limited resources while addressing the need for infrastructure development. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
PRESTRESSED PAVEMENTS, THEORY INTO PRACTICE
Authors: Friberg Bengt F.
Published: January 2025

This article explores the development and applications of prestressed concrete pavements, highlighting their distinct advantages in structural performance and maintenance compared to conventional concrete pavements. Introduced in the 1930s shortly after the advent of prestressed building structures, prestressed concrete has become a staple in bridge and building construction, yet its integration into pavement technology remains innovative. Prestressed pavements are crucial in overcoming the limitations of plain concrete's tension strength, which is essential given the tensile stresses pavements endure. The article details the evolution of pavement types in the U.S., focusing on their structural characteristics, costs, and the transition towards more sustainable and economically viable materials. With rising concerns about the longevity and efficiency of standard pavement designs, prestressed pavements offer a promising alternative that aligns with rapid construction practices necessary for economic feasibility. Furthermore, the paper discusses the specific applications of prestressed pavements in U.S. highways and airports, emphasizing the substantial cost benefits and performance enhancements over traditional methods. These pavements utilize post-tensioned steel to achieve desired stress levels and are constructed with innovations that reduce material use and energy consumption, aligning with broader environmental conservation efforts. In conclusion, the deployment of prestressed concrete pavements in highway and airport construction has demonstrated significant advantages in terms of structural performance and resource efficiency. This exploration underscores the potential for wider adoption of prestressed technology in pavement applications, promising enhanced durability and cost-effectiveness. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN FOR AIRFIELDS
Authors: Sale James P.
Published: January 2025

This article provides a detailed review of the evolution of rigid pavement design for airfields, particularly under the purview of the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Beginning with an urgent need for airfield pavements around the entry of the United States into World War II, the article tracks the development and implementation of pavement designs in response to escalating aircraft loadings and operational demands. Key to this development was the adoption of the Westergaard method for designing concrete slabs under load, which quickly became a standard due to its simplicity and practicality. The paper details several major phases of research and testing, including the initial static and dynamic tests on specially prepared slabs, the implementation of the subgrade modulus concept, and the progressive changes made to accommodate increasing loads from newer aircraft models like the B-52 and the strategic demands of the Cold War era. Notably, the investigation highlights the various modifications to the testing methods, especially the plate bearing tests which adapted over time to better represent the actual operational conditions of airfields. The narrative also delves into the challenges and innovations in pavement design introduced by the need for low-cost, high-performance airfield systems as dictated by evolving military and aviation standards. This includes the shift towards evaluating and implementing prestressed concrete pavements and the adjustment of design methodologies to better predict and manage the pavement life under increasingly heavy aircraft. Overall, the document serves as a comprehensive account of the technological and procedural advancements in airfield pavement design, reflecting decades of empirical research and theoretical analysis aimed at supporting military and civil aviation requirements efficiently and effectively. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)
SOME DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR JOINTED REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS (JRCP)
Authors: Wagner William V.
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the design considerations for Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavements (JRCP), a critical component in modern road construction. It delineates the evolution of reinforced pavements, from early experiments in the 1910s to widespread use during the construction of the Interstate System. JRCP, often referred to as "mesh-dowel" pavement, balances the extremes of plain jointed and continuously reinforced concrete pavements by incorporating transverse joints and longitudinal ties, which help manage panel lengths and minimize cracking. The study highlights the components of JRCP, including the concrete slab, subbase, reinforcement, load transfer devices, and joint sealants, each playing a vital role in pavement performance. Reinforcement in JRCP aims to control cracking rather than prevent it, with less steel used compared to continuously reinforced options, thereby reducing costs while maintaining structural integrity. Load transfer mechanisms are emphasized as essential for accommodating heavy traffic and ensuring pavement longevity. The design also explores joint sealants and their role in preventing water ingress and damage from incompressible materials. Furthermore, the paper discusses various design methods for determining slab thickness and reinforcement, relying on both traditional formulas and modern approaches that consider traffic loads, environmental factors, and material properties. In conclusion, JRCP offers a balanced solution for pavement design, providing a compromise between durability and cost-effectiveness, suitable for diverse traffic and climatic conditions. This paper not only covers the historical perspective and current practices but also suggests innovative approaches for future advancements in pavement technology. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)