bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies used by Indonesian high school English teachers to improve students' reading comprehension: A qualitative study
Authors: Fitria Risa , Widyantoro Agus , Sukarno Sukarno
Published: November 2024

Reading comprehension is essential in ESL/EFL teaching, yet many students in Indonesia face difficulties in comprehending English passages. This study aims to investigate the strategies used by English language teachers to address these challenges. The research problem focuses on identifying effective strategies to improve students' reading comprehension skills. A qualitative research method was used, involving semi-structured interviews with four high school English teachers in Indonesia who were purposively selected. Data were collected in January 2024 through interviews conducted at different times and locations. The data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring challenges and effective strategies. The findings revealed that teachers faced significant barriers, such as students' limited vocabulary and difficulties with long texts. To address these issues, teachers used strategies such as selecting passages based on students' interests, using skimming and scanning techniques to quickly identify key ideas and specific information, and using mind mapping to help students organize and understand complex information. In conclusion, the study highlighted the importance of adaptive teaching methods in overcoming reading comprehension challenges. The suggested strategies - interest-based texts, skimming, scanning and mind mapping - were found to be effective in improving students' reading skills. Further research is recommended to investigate the long-term effects of these strategies and to develop additional methods for improving reading comprehension.
Project-based learning: Does it improve students’ ICT literacy skills and English learning autonomy?
Authors: Menggo Sebastianus , Ndiung Sabina
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate and disclose the integration of project-based learning in promoting high school students' ICT literacy and English learning autonomy in Ruteng, Indonesia. This study surveyed 595 students from six senior high schools in Ruteng City. The questionnaire and interview served as the primary instruments for data collection, followed by quantitative and qualitative examination of the results using Jeffreys' Amazing Statistics Program. The results of the study indicate that the level of ICT literacy among the students falls in the medium category (3.5), and English learning autonomy was included in the medium category (3.32). Sixteen statements of ICT literacy competence indicated the category of ICT literacy competence, while ten items indicated English learning autonomy. In addition, five factors challenged the respondents' achievement of ICT literacy, namely, lack of enthusiasm and initiative of students regarding digital media literacy (61.59%), lack of cost of purchasing Internet data packages (71.20%), insufficient time allocated for using specific English learning software (59.48%), unstable Internet network connectivity (58.27%), and lack of available ICT infrastructure in schools (58.33%). Various issues hinder the level at which students could acquire ICT skills, and stakeholders are encouraged to address or overcome these obstacles.
Police/Militia in (Post-)Soviet Popular Culture (Towards a Historical Iconography of Power)
Authors: Popov Dmitry
Published: November 2024

The idea of the police as a “good order” from the Polizeiwissenschaft of absolutism was developed in the biopolitical model of caring for the population of the Modern era, engaged in ensuring safety and well-being. Being a product of mass society, the modern state has focused on influencing public opinion. In the XIX–XX centuries, there was a counter-movement of police supervision and art which gave rise to ‘police aesthetics’. Cinematography was an effective means of forming a desirable image of the Soviet militia in the post-war period of normalization of public life. By contributing to the Soviet myth of developed socialism, militia cinema contributed to a screen-to-life transfer of a new norm of trust between representatives of power and citizens. This constructivist cinema involved the viewer in the cinematic reality by likening them to the main character, a militiaman who acts as a moral guide. In addition to forming the image of the ‘familial militia’, intellectual militia cinema—with its focus on professionalism—is actively developing. The most popular version of the latter is militia cinema that thematizes the moral rightness of militia officers fighting crime in the name of Soviet citizens. Involvement in the cinematic reality through assimilation, novelty, memory, and imagination included the romanticization of the historical events of the revolution. Militia cinema was inverted during the years of the perestroika. It exploited the effect of novelty associated with the viewer's immersion in emerging market relations. The viewer's interest was focused on the wrong, criminal, side of public life. Crime is romanticized, the militia is stigmatized. From constructing the myth of cooperation between the government and the population, militia cinema moves on to deconstructing the myth, achieving an effect of denigration. The fashion for American cinema brings elements of action, thriller, horror. The viewer is no longer included in the imperious project of transforming reality; they are attracted by the illusion, the spectacle. The latest police cinema, overcoming total deconstructionism, is busy reconstructing the spirit of Soviet militia cinema in modern settings. Oscillating between the intention to generate positive images of the police and the demonstration of the “truth of life”, modern police cinema contains the natal shoots of a new cinema in which the image of the police is important for the normalization of public life.
Russia in the Perspective of Historical Sociology: Heuristic Perspectives and Methodological Problems
Authors: Kildyushov Oleg , Dmitriev Timofey
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the heuristic and methodological potential of historical sociology as one of the most dynamically developing disciplines of modern social and scientific knowledge. It is argued that this area of research is functionally capable of taking on the role of today's analytical philosophy of history in the form of integrity and, at the same time, the operational reflection of the historical experience of our country. The article points out the deficient nature of previous conceptualizations of the domestic past from the point of view of historical sociology. First, the development of this discipline in the West is briefly analyzed, starting with the classics of world sociology. The qualitative and quantitative growth of historical and sociological research in the second half of the 20th century—which led to a significant expansion of the explanatory repertoire of macrosociology—is highlighted. Next, the ambivalent position of historical sociology in Russia is discussed, where—despite the existing interest in its methodological categories and substantive results—a full-fledged institutionalization of this sociological discipline has not yet occurred. Thus, a conclusion is made about the existence of a serious local tradition of interest in historical-sociological synthesis, starting with the classics of historiography and pioneers of Russian sociology at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. At the same time, substantial progress is highlighted on the part of the domestic social-scientific community in the reception of the achievements of world-historical sociology at the beginning of the 21st century. The next section shows the particular relevance of modern historical-sociological approaches to the problematization of the past in the context of the domestic epistemological situation. A number of the most promising thematic complexes in modern Russian academia are highlighted. In conclusion, we highlight issues concerning framework research and scientific organization faced by historical sociology in Russia.
The Birth of Sports Sociology and the Leicester Historical-Sociological School
Authors: Adelfinsky Andrey
Published: November 2024

The paper describes the origins of sports sociology in Great Britain within the “Leicester School” of Historical Sociology of Norbert Elias, explaining the causes for the strong influence of the ideas of Elysianism on the present-day international sociology of sports. The overall development of the historical and sociological “Leicester School” of the 1960s and 1970s, its influence on the sociology of Great Britain, as well as the role of Elias and Ilya Neustadt in its formation are shown. The contemporary historical and sociological tradition of social analysis, inspired by the ideas of Elias and called the ‘sociology of process’ or ‘figurative research’, is described. Its key features are indicated: focus on relations–in–progress, relativism, studies of phenomena in their dynamics, the collection of historical materials, comparative analysis, and interdisciplinarity. The seminal works of Eric Dunning and Elias on sports sociology are considered, in addition to the early development of this field of studies. It is noted that both authors viewed sport and leisure activities as a means to understand society and proposed a sociological interpretation of sport as a tool for the civilizational process. Their work was based not only on a theoretical framework, but also on extensive historical research. This contributed to the early acceptance of the ideas of Leicester School during the establishment of international sports sociology in the 1960s. The paper is based on an informal interview in 2010 with Eric Dunning, the founding father of the British Sociology of Sport, co-author and student of Norbert Elias.
How Historical Sociology Can Be Taken and How Then It Should Be Practiced
Authors: Karasev Dmitry
Published: November 2024

The essay presents its author's understanding of historical sociology, as well as a view on how to practice historical sociology. The preconditions that have been necessary for the emergence of historical sociology from the American intellectual tradition are the following: first, to overcome the ‘historiosophical ahistoricism’ of classical sociology and the ahistoricism of early empirical sociology in the United States. Second, the emergence of ‘social history’ in Europe under the influence of the Great War and the social sciences rejecting the idea of progress in its evolutionary and revolutionary interpretations. The essay provides a detailed investigation of the features of the ‘new historical science’ in comparison with its traditional counterpart, as well as exploring the similarities and differences between social history and historical sociology. Social history is considered as an intermediate link between the classical ‘sociology of history’ and American historical sociology. Following social history, historical sociology turns to comparative studies and quantitative methods, but at the same time does not abandon hermeneutics. Historical sociology presupposes a mutual weakening of the nomothetics of classical ‘grand theories’ and the ideography of traditional history. It also implies a full-fledged sociological investigation of historical phenomena using procedures accepted in empirical sociology, rather than the reinterpretation of historical research in sociological-theoretical terms. This results in the emergence of special (rather than general) processual and medium-level theories of social change based on historical facts. Historical sociology focuses on theoretical generalizations, which clearly distinguishes it from social history. The essay investigates the different approaches and purposes of using the comparative historical method - and the quantitative methods that complement it. In turn, their utilization leads to problems with the acceptance of their results by traditional historians specialized in a single country and on studying primary sources in the original. Instead of concluding, the author discusses his experience and participation in the institutionalization of historical sociology in Russia and points out the problems hindering it.
Civilizational Analysis in Historical Sociology and Explanations of the “Soviet Collapse”
Authors: Maslovskiy Mikhail
Published: November 2024

The article deals with attempts to explain the collapse of the Soviet version of modernity –and the disintegration of the USSR—in (post)-Sovietology and historical sociology. It is argued that (post)-Sovietological studies were often characterized by a certain degree of ideological bias. In these studies, the example of “Soviet collapse” was generally used for a confirmation of earlier approaches to Soviet history. At the same time, they mostly focused on the immediate preconditions of that event rather than on long-term historical processes. The shortcomings of this approach can be overcome if we draw on historical sociology. The article considers the prediction of disintegration of the USSR offered by Randall Collins and Johann Arnason’s analysis of the Soviet version of modernity. Both sociologists characterized the Soviet collapse in the context of long-term historical dynamics. While Collins’s approach demonstrates a peculiar geopolitical determinism, Arnason singles out various factors of the dynamics of the alternative version of modernity. In the first half of the 1990s, Arnason applied his model of imperial modernization to the Soviet system, but later emphasized the civilizational aspects of communist modernity. This can also be seen in his evaluation of the Soviet collapse. In the literature on Soviet collapse, a contrast between the USSR and China is often highlighted, with structural and particularly economic factors being commonly highlighted. In contrast, the article argues that—for a comprehensive understanding of transformation processes in China—we need to consider the cultural sphere by drawing on sociological civilizational analysis.
The Epistemological Status of Charisma in Historical Macrosociology
Authors: Kataev Dmitry , Kalinina Valeria
Published: November 2024

The uncertain epistemological status of charisma is largely due to its polysemy and polymorphism. Max Weber thematizes it in a variety of contexts and meanings — distinguishing between magical, religious charisma and the charisma of reason, highlighting the trajectories of routinization and objectification of charisma, typologizing different types of prophecies. In turn, the multiple (re)actualizations of this “brilliant concept” [Rose] as reinforcements of their own theories in the form of varieties of symbolic capital, resonance, the everyday, the re-personalized, or the risky charisma lead to either semantic compression or the blurring of meaning, both within sociological theory and in interdisciplinary discourse. To define the scientific content of charisma, the authors propose to thematize it in historical macrosociology. The key question is addressed to the interdisciplinary connections in Weber's intellectual heritage — is the category “charisma” attributable to Weber the historian or Weber the sociologist? The clarification of the epistemological status of charisma, expressed in its dual character (phenomenon vs. ideal type), becomes possible thanks to the discussion of a corpus of the classic texts by two prominent German Weberologists - W. Schlüchter and F. Tenbruck. In its turn, the reconstruction and systematization of approaches of Weberian historical macrosociology allows us to clarify the boundaries and possibilities of the category's application. Thus, the evolutionary-theoretical perspective defines the heuristic potential of charisma in terms of reflecting the dynamics of cultural and value orientations in the process of emergence and consolidation of social order and institutional structures. The comparative-historical approach, in turn, defines the relationship between the analytical and empirical levels of Weber's sociology through the “immersion” of an ideal-typical construct in a real historical narrative. In this way, historical macrosociology overcomes the most valid criticisms (S. Turner) of the category's failure, heterogeneity, and its residual character.
El saber hacer en ingeniería en la era virtual: estudio de caso de una profesión
Authors: Medina Mendoza Valentín , Viveros Contreras Rodolfo
Published: November 2024

El uso efectivo de las TIC en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje sigue siendo objeto de investigación y debate, ya que se requiere de estrategias didácticas adecuadas para lograr una formación integral y transdisciplinaria basada en competencias que incorpore conocimientos teóricos y prácticos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo  la identificación y eficacia de estrategias didácticas orientadas al “saber hacer” en cursos que son eminentemente virtuales. Se centró en revisar qué tan eficiente son los planteamientos didácticos para favorecer aprendizajes significativos en carreras científico-prácticas, a través del análisis de las percepciones de alumnos y docentes respecto del uso de herramientas tecnológicas en un programa educativo de ingeniería de nivel Licenciatura que opera en modalidad virtual. La metodología de investigación empleada fue mixta, incorpora herramientas tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas; se realizó una investigación documental mediante  análisis de contenido que englobó los programas de asignatura, posteriormente se aplicó una encuesta semiestructurada a estudiantes y profesores con el fin de encontrar correspondencias entre los análisis de las asignaturas y la forma en que lo asumen alumnos y docentes. Se concluye que el uso de determinadas estrategias didácticas y el acompañamiento del profesor son fundamentales para alcanzar aprendizajes significativos; el apoyo en herramientas tecnológicas contribuye al logro de los elementos descritos en el perfil de egreso, sobre todo en los saberes teóricos, no obstante, en lo que compete a aprendizajes “prácticos” existen limitaciones señaladas por los estudiantes  que obstaculizan sobre todo la experiencia directa y por consiguiente el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas.
On the equation $a^{2}x=a$ in unital rings
Authors: Călugăreanu Grigore , Pop Horia F.
Published: November 2024

In an arbitrary ring, the equation in the title defines the left strongly regular elements. Elements that are both left and right strongly regular are simply called strongly regular. If all elements of a ring are left strongly regular, then they are, in fact, strongly regular and this is the definition of strongly regular rings.

We provide a characterization of when a left strongly regular element is indeed strongly regular, based on an intrinsic condition. While we show that it is not possible to give $2\times 2$ non-examples over $\mathbb{Z}$ or in certain matrix rings over $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ for $n\in \{8,9,16\}$, we present two examples by George Bergman: a left strongly regular element that is not regular and a regular, left strongly regular element that is not strongly regular.

Further, we prove results for left strongly regular (square) matrices over various types of rings and propose a conjecture, strongly supported by computational evidence: over commutative rings, left strongly regular matrices are strongly regular.
A Lightweight Processing Method Towards Integrated Multi-demand in BIM
Authors: Wang Yahui , Huang Limin , Xu Jian , An Xiaoya , Li Ziwei , Chen Jianhua , Guo Jianzhong
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the rapid advancement of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has led to an increasing variety of application scenarios, necessitating diverse demands on the technology. Among these requirements, the lightweighting of BIM models is of paramount importance. However, conventional approaches primarily focus on the models themselves, neglecting the varying needs of users. This study presents a novel lightweighting method for BIM models, starting from user interests or specific scenario requirements. It employs optimized data structures and organization techniques to streamline source data, thereby solving the problem of lightweighting BIM models while catering to the diverse needs of users. A comparison of studies using apartment buildings, office buildings, and commercial complexes as examples show that this method works to greatly enhance the efficiency of visualizing different-sized BIM models in geospatial environments. This research provides a new approach to lightweighting BIM models and holds the promising potential to offer strong technical support for future advancements in BIM technology.
Классификация керамики Новославского II могильника
Authors: Валиев Ренат Рафаилович , Куклина Анна Александровна
Published: November 2024

В статье представлены итоги предварительного изучения керамических сосудов, полученных в ходе 4-летних исследований Новославского II могильника. Некрополь по вещевому материалу датируется второй половиной V – первой половиной VI вв., и относится к т.н. «коминтерновскому типу» именьковской культуры, который характеризуется биритуальным обрядом захоронения с помещением черепа и ног лошади в могильные ямы ингумаций и специфическим погребальным инвентарем. Керамический комплекс могильника насчитывает 37 целых и реконструируемых сосудов и может быть типологически разделен на 4 группы. Формы сосудов, отнесенных к группам 1 и 2 типичны для памятников именьковской культуры, сосуды группы 3 находят аналогии как в материалах именьковской культуры, так и среди сосудов турбаслинских памятников Южного Приуралья, и группа 4 включает привозные сосуды, близкие к керамическим стилям Восточного Приаралья, Арало-Каспийского региона и раннеаланских памятников Северного Кавказа. В ходе исследования на основе определения «естественной структуры» и функциональных частей сосудов была выявлена степень устойчивости традиций формообразования: группы 1 и 3 имеют наиболее однородную структуру, группа 2 – более разнообразную, что может свидетельствовать об смешении культурных традиций. Результаты исследования керамического комплекса Новославского II могильника вполне согласуются с данными о погребальном обряде и погребальном инвентаре и дополняют существующие представления о характере культурных взаимодействий в Волго-Уралье в эпоху Великого переселения народов.
Impact of Material Consumption and Circular Economy on National Income in Europe – Chapter 2
Authors: Malatyinszki Szilárd , Módos-Szalai Szilvia , Jenei Szonja , Kerekes Etelka , Kálmán Botond Géza
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study investigates resource productivity by exploring the factors that influence it and the strength of their impact using sustainability statistics from Eurostat.   Theoretical Framework: The research analyzes the interdependence between national income and material consumption, with a focus on the paradoxical effects of circular material use on these variables.   Method: Data from bibliographic sources are analyzed using statistical methods, including regression and path models, to assess the relationships between material consumption, national income, and the use of circular materials.   Results and Discussion: The study concludes that national income and material consumption are interdependent, with material consumption directly affecting national income. Notably, the use of circular materials, contrary to expectations, increases material use and decreases national income. The cases of Hungary and the Netherlands are specifically examined to illustrate these findings.   Research Implications: The findings suggest that strategies to increase resource productivity and sustainability performance need to consider the complex and sometimes counterintuitive impacts of circular material use on national income and material consumption.   Originality/Value: This study provides new insights into the relationship between resource productivity, national income, and material consumption, highlighting the unexpected effects of circular material use. It contributes to the broader understanding of sustainability performance, particularly in the context of Hungary and the Netherlands.
THE EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON BUSINESS MARKETING QUALITY AND FACTORS THAT POSITIVELY INFLUENCE MARKETING
Authors: Alfouzan Mohamad , Lu Kevin , Ullah Azmat
Published: November 2024

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has radically transformed the dynamics of today's corporate world. One of the major AI applications is in the arena of business marketing, which helps optimise performance. The present systematic review aimed to discover the impact of AI on business marketing. The focus is on positive factors of business marketing and the evaluation of AI in marketing to provide some useful insights into the usefulness of AI in marketing. Papers were identified from Google Scholar and were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria using the PRISMA flow process. The finally available 32 papers have been discussed in detail, paper by paper, to highlight their contribution to the literature on AI-integrated marketing. Generally, most papers follow a common pattern of first positioning AI in the context, defining AI, listing how AI is used in marketing and then the topic of the paper. A similar pattern is followed in this review. The review showed the emerging and likely future trends of AI-integrated marketing in enhancing performance through improved customer interactions, marketing strategies, marketing innovations, and decision-making. Some limitations of this review have been indicated at the end.
High-dose immunosuppressive therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in crohn disease: literature review
Authors: Ganich E. G. , Shchukina O. B. , Polushin A. Yu. , Zalyalov Yu. R. , Kulikov A. N. , Dobronravov V. A. , Kulagin A. D.
Published: November 2024

The literature review presents the current status of the method of high-dose immunosuppressive therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Crohn’s disease.In recent decades, there has been an increase in Crohn’s disease. The frequency of CD the response rate to biopreparations ranges from 20 to 50%, up to 80% of patients need surgical treatment. Due to the insufficient effectiveness of therapy, an active research is underway for new therapeutic opportunities, one of which is the method of HDIT-AHSCT. In the Russian Federation, there are data on the use of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of CD, there are no studies on the use of HDIT-AHSCT in IBD. According to the EBMT register in the period from 1994 to 2023. more than 4000 HDIT-AHSCT were performed in patients with autoimmune diseases, the proportion of CD was 6.13% of all protocols. The HDIT-AHSCT procedure consists of the following stages: mobilization of autologous HSCs, apheresis and cryopreservation of HSCs, immunoablative conditioning and infusion of HSCs. Most of the publications on the use of HDIT-AHSCT in CD were not universal in the selection and management of patients. Currently, there is the only one completed RCT on the use of HDIT-AHSCT in CD, the results of which have not received a definite outcome. However, for a cohort of patients with refractory CD, it is necessary to consider the possibility of using this method. The review presents the indications and selection criteria for the HDIT-AHSCT protocol. Further studies of the HDIT-AHSCT in CD will help expand the therapeutic opportunities of treating patients with refractory CD to standard and biological therapy.
Influence of melatonin on the development of obesity
Authors: Yusupov A. V. , Likhodkin V. A.
Published: November 2024

In recent years, increasing attention of researchers has been paid to the role of melatonin in the regulation of body weight. When analyzing literature data, the problem of the mechanism of action of melatonin on the body and its use in the correction of metabolic disorders is considered. Disruption of circadian rhythms caused by the use of artificial light at night leads to decreased melatonin secretion. This helps increase appetite and reduce energy costs. In addition, melatonin plays a major role in modulating the secretion of adipokines by influencing lipid metabolism. Decreased melatonin production causes insulin resistance and metabolic circadian disorganization, leading to obesity. Assessing the role of melatonin in the development of obesity and its accompanying pathologies is a promising area of scientific research in the field of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of endocrine and cardiovascular pathologies.
Biological markers of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kulagin E. A. , Trofimov V. I.
Published: November 2024

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a rare non-infectious pulmonary complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) or lung transplantation. Early diagnosis of BOS requires new approaches including the search for biological markers of pulmonary damage after allo-HSCT. The aim of this work is to review literary data on biological markers of BOS. Conclusion. Literary data on biomarkers of BOS in allo-HSCT recipients are limited. Further research is needed.
Modern concepts of chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and differential diagnosis with other variants of asthenic syndrome
Authors: Ryabkova V. A. , Batagov S. Ya. , Marchenko V. N. , Trofimov V. I.
Published: November 2024

Chronic fatigue is one of the most common syndromes in the clinical practice of medical doctors of various specialties. However, issues of criteria for distinguishing chronic fatigue from physiological fatigue, differential diagnosis of reactive asthenia, secondary fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) as a distinct nosological form can be challenging for physicians. The provision of care to patients with ME/CFS is negatively impacted by the lack of accurate and up-to-date knowledge about the disease among healthcare professionals. Even if doctors are compassionate, they often do not know how to make a diagnosis or what can be done to improve the well-being of patients. Currently, this problem is especially relevant due to the increased risk of developing ME/CFS after suffering from a new coronavirus infection, COVID-19. This article presents a modern approach to the diagnosis of ME/CFS, set out in consensus recommendations that were developed in 2021 independently by groups of experts on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in European countries and the USA, and taking into account the recommendations of domestic specialists.
Stigmas of dysembryogenesis of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in bronchial asthma
Authors: Mineev V. N. , Mamadayeva L. I.
Published: November 2024

Connective tissue dysplasia is a disturbance of its development during embryogenesis and the postnatal period due to genetically altered fibrillogenesis of the extracellular matrix. Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) includes a set of phenotypic characteristics that do not fit into any already known dysplastic syndrome or phenotype. It is this pathology of connective tissue that is widespread and is constantly encountered in the practice of doctors of various profiles, serving as the basis for the formation of various chronic diseases. As for bronchial asthma (BA), it is quite natural that studies have appeared to identify the characteristics of the course of BA with connective tissue dysplasia, primarily in children. It has been shown that asthma in children associated with connective tissue dysplasia has a number of clinical features: an earlier onset of the disease, a higher incidence of concomitant diseases, and a more severe course. The features of the course of bronchial asthma associated with connective tissue dysplasia in adults have been practically not studied. Our very first results from a study of adult patients with BA showed that in patients with a mild course of the disease, up to 3 stigmas of disembryogenesis were recorded, in patients with a moderate course - from 2 to 4, and in patients with a severe course - from 1 to 8 stigmas. Correlation analysis (the data was obtained on a small material, therefore we do not consider it statistically significant) provides a distinct basis for continuing the study. Thus, negative correlations have been identified between the presence of stigmas (myopia, dolichostenomelia, joint hypermobility, wide atrophic scars, varicose veins) and such an important characteristic of the disease as its controllability.
Fatal intestinal lesions in coronavirus infection
Authors: Katyukhin V. N. , Avakyan K. L. , Khadikova N. G.
Published: November 2024

In the clinic of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), inflammatory symptoms of the upper respiratory tract and pulmonary parenchyma prevail, and intestinal damage and the appearance of digestive symptoms are more characteristic of long-term pathology. The aim of the study was to retrospective analyze fatal cases of intestinal lesions in a new Covid-19 infection. In total, 9 patients with fatal intestinal lesions were identified out of a total of 2,781 deaths during the three years of operation of the Nikolaevskaya Hospital hospital in St. Petersburg, which was repurposed to provide medical care to patients with the new coronavirus infection Covid-19 (SARS-Cov-2). The described pathoanatomical manifestations in the form of mesenteric vascular thrombosis and wall necrosis, corresponding to the clinical definition of «fatal intestinal lesion», are recognized as conditions incompatible with life and unavoidable at the stage of qualified and specialized therapeutic care.
Levels of female sex hormones in patients with premenstrual bronchial asthma
Authors: Barkova A. V. , Trofimov V. I. , Katyukhin V. N.
Published: November 2024

According to the clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2021, at least 348 million patients worldwide suffer from bronchial asthma (BA). The treatment of patients with BA has objective difficulties due to the progression of obstruction and insufficient diagnosis of pathogenetic forms of BA. It is known that in women, hormonal status, namely female sex hormones such as estradiol and progesterone, contributes to the course and development of BA. This article presents an original clinical study of 48 patients suffering from mild to moderate asthma with a regular menstrual cycle, and the relationship between the increase in symptoms of asthma and the phase of the menstrual cycle is estimated. According to the results of the study, all patients were divided into groups with regular asthma (RA) and premenstrual asthma (PMA). A significant increase in the level of estradiol was obtained (934.50 (405.00; 1010.25) pmol/l) in patients with PMA in the second phase of the menstrual cycle in relation to the control group (494.00 (328.00; 487.00) pmol/l) and the group of patients with RA (694.50 (495.25; 993.00) pmol/l). No significant and significant changes in progesterone, prolactin, LH, or FSH were detected. The revealed decrease in respiratory function in patients with PMA in the second phase of the menstrual cycle emphasizes and probably explains the worsening of symptoms of asthma in this group of patients, which, with possible hormonal correction, can lead to stabilization of the course of asthma.
Difficulties in diagnosing hereditary angioedema (HAE) with normal c1 inhibitor levels in a patient with a pathogenic mutation in the MEFV gene associated with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Andreeva O. S. , Yapparova P. L. , Elizarova T. E. , Bobrova E. E. , Danil’chenko O. V. , Mironova Zh. A.
Published: November 2024

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an orphan disease that causes potentially life-threatening edema in various locations and remains serious problem in both pediatrics and adult clinical practice often disguised as various diseases. The HAE diagnosis with normal C1 inhibitor activity is particularly difficult. The purpose of this publication is to demonstrate unique clinical case of HAE with normal C1 inhibitor activity in young patient with a pathogenic mutation in the MEFV gene, which is associated with familial Mediterranean fever. Severe abdominal attacks in this patient have been regarded for a long time as a part of therapeutic pathology (gastroenteritis, gastritis, Familial Mediterranean fever), acute surgical and gynecological diseases, which led to late diagnosis verification. The HAE requires timely diagnosis, elimination of factors that provoke exacerbations and an immediate therapy administration, that significantly improves life quality of patients and helps prevent death.
Problems of prescribing immunosupressive therapy to a rheumatological patient with chronic viral infection. Clinical case presentation
Authors: Tishkina M. D. , Davydov D. A. , Bruchkus E. A. , Nesterovich I. I.
Published: November 2024

In rheumatological practice, overlap syndrome (“overlap-syndrome”) is often encountered, which is manifested by the presence of diagnostic signs of more than one of the six classic systemic autoimmune diseases. The presence of chronic viral infections significantly complicates drug therapy. The article presents the history of the disease of a 46-year-old patient who was diagnosed with an overlap syndrome in the form of a combination of idiopathic polymyositis with antisynthetase syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. The complexity of treating the patient was determined by the identification of active chronic viral hepatitis C. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of the patient in compliance with the principles of rational pharmacotherapy is described.
Exploring the patient experience in teledermatology: using real-world insights to understand their satisfaction, attitudes and barriers to optimizing dermatology care
Authors: Alyousef Manar , Aldawish Rahaf , Alhatlani Juri , Alumair Nesreen , Alharbi Osama , Alotaibi Moteb
Published: November 2024

Background: Telemedicine has become an essential modality for health care service provision in recent years, and teledermatology has been widely adopted since the COVID-19 pandemic, making it essential to explore patients' experiences of teledermatology services.
Objective: The study's main objective was to assess utilization, perceptions, and barriers relating to teledermatology health service in the Kingdom of Saudia Arabia's (KSA) Al-Qassim Province.
Methods: A survey-based cross-sectional study examined a convenient sample of 200 male and female adults living in KSA's Al-Qassim Province and attending a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic. A structured electronic questionnaire was developed to assess the patients' utilization, experience, satisfaction, attitudes, and perceived barriers relating to the use of teledermatology.
Results: Among the studied sample, 69% were female, 34% were aged 25-34 years, and 71.5% had university education or above. Prior utilization of teledermatology was observed in 44% of the sample, with 81.9% expressing satisfaction with the service. Prior use of teledermatology was significantly higher among males than among females (56.5% vs. 38.4%, p = 0.017). Prior users reported greater comfort with discussing dermatological problems virtually than those who had never used teledermatology services (41% vs. 25%, p = 0.007). Meanwhile, those who had never used teledermatology services experienced greater concerns regarding their safety and privacy in the context of such services (22.3% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.043) and were more likely to lack trust in virtual consultations (21.4% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.004).
Conclusion: The study's findings are encouraging and suggest that the post-COVID shift toward new healthcare delivery methods is associated with favorable patient experiences, as represented by users' high utilization and satisfaction rates and willingness to reuse the service in the future, in addition to low resistance to use among those who had never used such services. Greater governmental effort is required to improve awareness about the service and increase utilization.
Determinants of inflammatory bowel disease in Al-Jouf province in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shibli Nasib , Alsharari Abdulmajeed , Alruwaili Faisal , Alenzi Abdulmohsen , Almutlaq Abdulaziz , Alamrani Abdulrahman , Alanazi Meshal , Alrashidi Ahmed , Alsharari Saleh
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess the demographic, lifestyle, genetic, and environmental factors linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Al-Jouf province in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among IBD patients in Al-Jouf province in Saudi Arabia, excluding those diagnosed before August 1, 2023, or after August 8, 2024. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via social media, capturing demographic, lifestyle, dietary, and health history. The minimum sample size was 385.
Results: Of 1,012 total participants included, most were aged 18-29 years (41%), 70% were females, and 81% belonged to the middle class. About 9.3% traveled to high-incidence Crohn's disease (CD) regions, and 30% and 21% had personal and family histories of IBD, CD, or ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD was significantly associated with male gender (p-value= < 0.001), smoking (p-value= < 0.001), alcohol consumption (p-value= < 0.001), stress (p-value= < 0.001), pet ownership (p-value = 0.043), and high consumption of processed, spicy, and fatty foods (p-value= < 0.001). Family history and travel to high-incidence areas were also predictors (p-value= < 0.001). Severity was linked to hygiene, symptoms, and healthcare visits (p-value= < 0.05).
Conclusion: IBD was found to be associated with younger individuals, male gender, stress, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, family history, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use. Public health strategies should focus on lifestyle modifications and early diagnosis to manage the rising burden of IBD.
Effectiveness of different interventions for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alqahtani ​Arwa , Alsarhan Yara , Hawsawi Hadeel , Alanazi Razan , Alhallafi Afnan , Mubarak Elaf , Alsarhan Leen
Published: November 2024

Background: Smoking cessation remains a critical public health challenge, necessitating effective interventions to reduce tobacco use and associated health risks. This review synthesizes findings from various studies investigating the efficacy of mobile apps, behavioral counseling, and combined therapies in promoting smoking cessation.
Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing studies. The review included randomized controlled trials, pragmatic trials, and multi-center trials focusing on smoking cessation interventions. Participant demographics, study designs, intervention types, primary and secondary outcome measures, and follow-up durations were examined to evaluate the effectiveness of different smoking cessation strategies.
Results: The studies reviewed utilized a range of interventions, including mobile apps (e.g., Crush the Crave, MobileQuit, and e-Tabac Info Service), behavioral counseling (e.g., motivational interviewing and community-based participatory research), and combined therapies (e.g., mobile apps with psychopharmacological treatments). Mobile apps demonstrated varying degrees of effectiveness, with some studies reporting higher abstinence rates and improved engagement, while others showed no significant difference compared to control interventions. Behavioral interventions and combined therapies generally indicated positive outcomes, such as higher biochemically confirmed abstinence rates and increased smoking abstinence in specific populations. Variability in study designs and participant characteristics highlighted the need for standardized outcome measures and longer follow-up periods to assess sustained abstinence.
Conclusion: Smoking cessation interventions, particularly mobile apps and behavioral strategies, are promising in promoting tobacco cessation. Mobile apps enhance engagement and short-term abstinence but show variable effectiveness based on design and participant adherence. Behavioral counseling and combined therapies demonstrate potential synergistic effects, especially when tailored to specific populations. Future research should focus on standardized outcome measures, extended follow-up durations, and comparative effectiveness studies to optimize smoking cessation strategies and improve public health outcomes.
Delirium knowledge and attitude among the general population in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qadi Lyan , Jaber Amjad , Alosaimi Renad , Albadri Abdulrahman , Alrougi Khalid , Alharbi Jehad , Laswad Bassam , Babateen Omar
Published: November 2024

Background: Delirium is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with an acute onset. It can impact attention, behavior, memory, the sleep-wake cycle, and emotions. Several factors can lead to delirium, including old age and dementia. It is important to note that delirium has an impact not only on patients but also on their families and the healthcare system as a whole. This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes toward delirium among the general population in the western region of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: An observational study was conducted using an electronic questionnaire, targeting residents in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed post-collection.
Results: A total of 735 participants were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 31.5. Males made up 40.3% of the participants, while the rest were females (59.7%). Moreover, 55.8% of participants had a university degree. The results indicated a generally low level of knowledge among the study population (92%).
Conclusion: This study revealed an inadequate knowledge level regarding delirium. The need for increasing awareness of this issue was evident in this study.
Discharge pain management from the emergency department; practices and perspectives
Authors: Alshammari Hammad , Alomari Musaab , AlZaid Ahmed , AlSharidah Abdulmonem , Aldawlan Mubarak , Alfaraj Dunya , Maghraby Nisreen
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate pain management practices and perspectives among emergency department's (ED) discharged patients.
Methods: A prospective observational study using an electronic questionnaire was conducted at King Fahad Hospital of the University between November 2023 and February 2024. Patients discharged from the ED who received pain medications were included. Pain presentations were categorized into headache, chest pain, abdominal pain, back pain, musculoskeletal pain, renal colic, or other unspecified conditions.
Results: A total of 331 patients were included, with 56.8% males, 84.9% Saudi nationals, and 29.0% completed high school. The mean age was 35.7 ±11.0 years, and the most common presentation was musculoskeletal pain (48.6%). Regarding acetaminophen use, 65.6% of patients knew the recommended dose (1 g), while only 42.0% were aware of the 6-hour interval between doses. A minority (15.3%) correctly identified the maximum daily dose (4 g). Additionally, 43.8% of patients were discharged on acetaminophen. Fevadol had the highest level of dose-reduction awareness (56.8%), while 73.4% were unsure about dose reductions for Solpadeine. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed to all chest pain cases and the majority of headache cases (88.9%).
Conclusion: Suboptimal escalation of pain medications was seen in more than half of the patients. Also, the use of other pain medications after discharge and unawareness about acetaminophen content in common pain medications was greatly noted.