bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Achieved Through Lifestyle Transformation (HALT): A Kaiser Permanente Diet and Lifestyle Intervention Program for Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ergas Isaac J. , Mauch Lisa R. , Rahbar Joshua A. , Kitazono Rachel , Kushi Lawrence H. , Misquitta Rajiv
Published: March 2023

A whole-food plant-based (WFPB) diet in combination with healthful lifestyle modifications has been shown to be an effective approach to managing and reversing the progression of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Health Achieved Through Lifestyle Transformation Program (HALT) is a 20-week real-world healthful diet and lifestyle intervention program implemented at Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center (KPSSC), whose goal is to treat, and where possible, reverse CAD and T2DM. Here, our objective is to describe HALT, including enrollment, the intervention, adherence, and data collection activities during a 2-year period from October 15th, 2016, through October 9th, 2018. There were 204 KPSSC members enrolled, of which, 19 (9.3%) had CAD only, 166 (81.4%) had T2DM only, and 19 (9.3%) had both CAD and T2DM. Among the enrolled, 196 (96.1%) completed self-administered questionnaires, and 88.2 to 97.5% completed blood tests, depending on the test. The enrolled were predominantly female (63.2%), ≥50 years old at program entry (83.3%), and white (32.8%) or black (25.5%). HALT has the potential to become a valuable resource for examining the impact of dietary and lifestyle modifications on patients diagnosed with CAD and/or T2DM.
An Analysis of an Exercise is Medicine on Campus ® Program: A Case Report
Authors: Biber Duke D. , Knoll Chrissy
Published: March 2023

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of an Exercise is Medicine on Campus® program on university student biometrics and muscular endurance. It was hypothesized that participants in the 12-week program would experience significant improvements in body mass index, blood pressure, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and muscular endurance. Methods: To be eligible for the program, participants must have met two of the three criteria: (1) blood pressure over 140 and/or 90 (3 consecutive measurements over 2 weeks), (2) BMI over 30, and/or (3) diagnosed chronic condition or currently taking medication for chronic condition. Participants engaged in six bi-weekly exercise instructional meetings that lasted approximately 30 minutes in length. Participants completed measures of resting heart rate, waist-to-hip ratio, body composition percentage via bioelectrical impedance, and muscular endurance before and after the program. Results: Although not statistically significant, there was a decrease in BMI, blood pressure, body fat percentage, and waist circumference from pre- to post-program. Two-tailed t-tests revealed significant improvements in squats ( P = .04), pushups ( P = .05), and curl-ups ( P = .03) from pre- to post-program. Conclusion: The results are discussed in terms of current research and future university campus application.
A Markov chain-based genetic algorithm for solving a redundancy allocation problem for a system with repairable warm standby components
Authors: Kayedpour Farjam , Amiri Maghsoud , Rafizadeh Mahmoud , Nia Arash Shahryai , Sharifi Mani
Published: March 2023

Many studies have been conducted on designing systems based on the redundancy allocation problem (RAP). However, considering repairable warm-standby components (which are subject to failure even in an idle state) is somewhat neglected by researchers due to the complex mathematical models. One of the crucial aspects of these systems is considering the probability of failure when switching to a standby component or subsystem. This study tries to highlight these imperfect switching and switch selection strategies in the redundancy allocation designs. In this regard, this article is dedicated to developing two RAP models (a single objective and a bi-objective) with warm standby repairable components by proposing a solving approach based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and Markov chains. Since the model’s objective functions minimize the system’s mean time to failure (MTTF) and cost, we discussed how imperfect switches affect the total system’s cost and mean time to failure for the proposed RAPs. Finally, we adopted a GA and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to solve the proposed models due to the models’ complexity. Solving these models clearly indicates the critical role of selecting an appropriate switching strategy on the system’s costs and reliability.
Research on parallel parking path planning and tracking control of unmanned vehicles
Authors: Gao Jianping , Chai Wenjian , Wu Yanfeng
Published: March 2023

Aiming at the problems of discontinuous curvature of the planned path, difficulty in finding the optimal reference path and high control accuracy requirements in tracking control for unmanned vehicles in the process of parallel parking, an optimal reference path planning method based on arc line and multi-objective optimization function and a path tracking control strategy based on nonlinear model predictive control are proposed. Firstly, the upper and lower boundaries of the exercisable area are obtained by the tangent of the arc and the straight line, and the multi-objective optimization function is designed to obtain the optimal arc-line combination, and the optimal reference path is obtained by polynomial curve fitting. Secondly, a path-following controller is designed using nonlinear model predictive control. Finally, a comparative analysis is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and Carsim with the controller based on pure tracking design. The results show that the optimal reference path curvature obtained by the proposed method is continuous without sudden change, and the designed tracking controller has better tracking accuracy.
Relationship between pain, nerve injury and clinical outcomes after flexor tendon injuries in zones 1-2: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Beckmann-Fries Vera , Calcagni Maurizio , Schrepfer Lorena , Kaempfen Alexandre , Vögelin Esther , Tobler-Ammann Bernadette
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The influence of pain and a concomitant digital nerve injury on the course of rehabilitation after flexor tendon injury remains ambiguous. The objectives of the study were to: i) analyse the evolution of pain spanning one year after a primary flexor tendon repair in zones 1–3; ii) examine the differences in pain levels in patients with and without digital nerve injury; and iii) evaluate the relationship between pain, digital nerve injury and pain medication, total active motion (TAM), DASH scores and patient satisfaction.

Methods

Data from 189 patients were retrieved from a flexor tendon registry between 2014 and 2020. Differences in pain, TAM, DASH and patient satisfaction were analysed. Multiple linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between clinical outcomes.

Results

Pain significantly decreased in the course of rehabilitation ( p < 0.001 to 0.006). No relationship could be identified between nerve injury and pain ( p = 0.21–0.97). In week 6, the presence of pain and a nerve injury were significantly associated with lower TAM scores ( p = 0.001). In week 13, pain during motion ( p < 0.001) and the presence of a nerve injury ( p = 0.036) were significantly associated with worse DASH scores. Patient satisfaction was significantly inversely correlated to pain during motion in weeks 13 and 26 ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion

We found a significant relationship between pain during motion and pain medication intake, TAM, DASH scores and patient satisfaction. It is therefore advisable to closely monitor this parameter after flexor tendon injuries.

Study registration

This multi-center cohort study is registered under https://clinicaltrials.gov : NCT04312412 .
Navigating Europe’s southern challenges
Authors: Scazzieri Luigi
Published: March 2023

The EU’s foreign policy is currently focused on supporting Ukraine in resisting Russian aggression and on dealing with the consequences of the war, particularly in terms of energy security. But Europeans also face many challenges in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), from countering extremism and tackling Iran’s expanding nuclear programme to addressing widespread social and economic fragility. The problem is that European foreign policy towards the MENA region has often suffered from disunity among the member states and a lack of assertiveness, particularly in dealing with security issues. Still, Europeans cannot insulate themselves from what happens in the region. They will have to devote more political attention and resources to tackling its economic and security challenges.
Prevalence of Imaging Detected Silent Male Breast Cancer in Autopsy Specimens: Study of the Disease Held by Image-Guided Biopsies
Authors: Sidiropoulou Zacharoula , Vasconcelos Ana Paula , Couceiro Cristiana , Santos Carlos Dos , Araújo Ana Virginia , Alegre Inês , Santos Claudia , Costa Filipa , Cardoso Diogo , Cardoso Vasco , Sampaio Rita , Cardoso Fátima , Gascon Pere
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Regarding male breast cancer, a rare disease comprising ∼1% of breast cancers, data are generally scant. The present study aimed to quantify the imaging detected breast cancer in male gender corpses, determining in this way the prevalence of silent breast cancer in male gender.

Methodology:

The population target has been male corpses without clinical expression of breast cancer. Seventy-four male corpses have been submitted to bilateral subcutaneous radical mastectomy. Samples have been submitted to echography and mammography imaging and every lesion superior to BI-RADS 4a has been excised.

Results:

One excisional biopsy has been performed and no case of breast cancer has been identified.

Discussion:

Our findings suggest that screening of the general population for male breast cancer is not necessary.
The Longer-Term Effects of a Single Bupivacaine Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Native Cartilage Explants
Authors: Callan Kylie T. , Otarola Gaston , Brown Wendy E. , Athanasiou Kyriacos A. , Wang Dean
Published: March 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of a single exposure of bupivacaine on the mechanical properties of bovine cartilage explants at 3 weeks.

Design

Femoral condyle articular cartilage explants were aseptically harvested from juvenile bovine stifle joints before being exposed to chondrogenic medium containing 0.50% (wt/vol) bupivacaine, 0.25% (wt/vol) bupivacaine, or no medication (control) for 1 hour. Explants were then washed and maintained in culture in vitro for 3 weeks before testing. Cell viability, tensile and compressive mechanical properties, histological properties, and biochemical properties were then assessed.

Results

Explants exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in mean tensile Young’s modulus with increasing bupivacaine concentration (9.86 MPa in the controls, 6.48 MPa in the 0.25% bupivacaine group [ P = 0.048], and 4.72 MPa in the 0.50% bupivacaine group [ P = 0.005]). Consistent with these results, collagen content and collagen crosslinking decreased with bupivacaine exposure as measured by mass spectrometry. Compressive properties of the explants were unaffected by bupivacaine exposure. Explants also exhibited a trend toward dose-dependent decreases in viability (51.2% for the controls, 47.3% for the 0.25% bupivacaine-exposed group, and 37.0% for the 0.50% bupivacaine-exposed group [ P = 0.072]).

Conclusions

Three weeks after 1-hour bupivacaine exposure, the tensile properties of bovine cartilage explants were significantly decreased, while the compressive properties remained unaffected. These decreases in tensile properties corresponded with reductions in collagen content and crosslinking of collagen fibers. Physicians should be judicious regarding the intra-articular administration of bupivacaine in native joints.
An interactive motion perception tool for kindergarteners (and vision scientists)
Authors: Battaje Aravind , Brock Oliver , Rolfs Martin
Published: March 2023

We implement Adelson and Bergen's spatiotemporal energy model with extension to three-dimensional (x–y–t) in an interactive tool. It helps gain an easy understanding of early (first-order) visual motion perception. We demonstrate its usefulness in explaining an assortment of phenomena, including some that are typically not associated with the spatiotemporal energy model.
Gender-affirming endocrine care for youth with a nonbinary gender identity
Authors: Hodax Juanita K. , DiVall Sara
Published: March 2023

Nonbinary individuals, or those who identify outside of the traditional gender binary, are currently present in up to 9% of the general population of youth or up to 55% of gender-diverse youth. Despite the high numbers of nonbinary individuals, this population continues to experience barriers to healthcare due to providers’ inability to see beyond the transgender binary and lack of competence in providing nonbinary care. In this narrative review, we discuss using embodiment goals to individualize care of nonbinary individuals, and review hormonal and nonhormonal treatment options for gender affirmation. Hormonal treatments include those often used in binary transgender individuals, such as testosterone, estradiol, and anti-androgens, but with adjustments to dosing or timeline to best meet a nonbinary individual’s embodiment goals. Less commonly used medications such as selective estrogen receptor antagonists are also discussed. For nonhormonal options, alterations in gender expression such as chest binding, tucking and packing genitalia, and voice training may be beneficial, as well as gender-affirming surgeries. Many of these treatments lack research specific to nonbinary individuals and especially nonbinary youth, and future research is needed to ensure safety and efficacy of gender-affirming care in this population.
“Too Soon” to count? How gender and race cloud notability considerations on Wikipedia
Authors: Lemieux Mackenzie Emily , Zhang Rebecca , Tripodi Francesca
Published: March 2023

While research has explored the extent of gender bias and the barriers to women's inclusion on English-language Wikipedia, very little research has focused on the problem of racial bias within the encyclopedia. Despite advocacy groups' efforts to incrementally improve representation on Wikipedia, much is unknown regarding how biographies are assessed after creation. Applying a combination of web-scraping, deep learning, natural language processing, and qualitative analysis to pages of academics nominated for deletion on Wikipedia, we demonstrate how Wikipedia's notability guidelines are unequally applied across race and gender. We find that online presence predicts whether a Wikipedia page is kept or deleted for white male academics but that this metric is idiosyncratically applied for female and BIPOC academics. Further, women's pages, regardless of race, were more likely to be deemed “too soon” for Wikipedia. A deeper analysis of the deletion archives reveals that when the tag is used on a woman's biography it is done so outside of the community guidelines, referring to one's career stage rather than media/online coverage. We argue that awareness of hidden biases on Wikipedia is critical to the objective and equitable application of the notability criteria across race and gender both on the encyclopedia and beyond.
Bilateral contracture of the carpal and digital flexor muscles resulting in carpal flexural deformity in a cat
Authors: Vrijsen Emily , Hamon Martin , Picavet Pierre , Bouvy Bernard , Balligand Marc
Published: March 2023

Case summary

A 12-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented with bilateral progressive forelimb lameness that was unresponsive to anti-inflammatory drugs. Bilateral carpal flexural deformity with hyperflexion of multiple toes of the right forelimb was observed. In the absence of abnormalities detected on radiographs and ultrasound, a bilateral contracture of the carpal and digital flexor muscles was diagnosed. Treatment consisted of single-session bilateral selective tenectomies (5 mm) of the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis and superficial digital flexor muscle tendons on the left forelimb and tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, and branches of the third and fourth digit of the deep digital flexor muscle on the right forelimb. Two months postoperatively, selective tenectomies (10 mm) were performed due to contracture recurrence on the left forelimb. The subjective outcome was rated as good 6 months postoperatively.

Relevance and novel information

Digital and/or carpal contractures are rarely described in (feline) veterinary medicine and are limited to a few case reports. The exact aetiology remains unknown. A traumatic/iatrogenic origin seems to be the most likely cause. Surgery is indicated, consisting of selective tenectomy and/or tenotomy, and is associated with minor complications and an excellent outcome. This case report describes the presence, treatment and successful outcome of a cat with bilateral carpal and digital flexor muscle contractures resulting in carpal flexural deformity with valgus deviation treated with selective tenectomies.
(Social) Media Logics and Visualizing Climate Change: 10 Years of #climatechange Images on Twitter
Authors: Mooseder Angelina , Brantner Cornelia , Zamith Rodrigo , Pfeffer Jürgen
Published: March 2023

Images have become a key vehicle for communicating climate change, especially in a visually oriented social media ecosystem. However, few studies have examined the ways in which climate change is visually communicated on those platforms. This study addresses that gap by examining more than 2 million images appearing alongside tweets containing #climatechange, identifying the types of images different stakeholders share and the amount of engagement those images elicit. It highlights differences in the image types that are published frequently (e.g., textual visualizations), the image types that users prefer to engage with (e.g., protest images), and the impact of bots and a cyclical communication pattern keyed to focusing events. These findings are then evaluated through a conceptual framework of media logics, which helps highlight some of the distinctions between (news) media logic and social media logic—and their emerging hybridization—within the context of climate change communication.
Building accountability and client–officer relationships through videoconferencing: Exploring best practices for community corrections
Authors: Galleguillos Sebastián , Schwalbe Craig , Koetzle Deborah
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic forced community corrections agencies worldwide to use remote technologies to prevent the spread of the virus. A growing body of the literature suggests that video-conferencing is poised to be a core practice within community correctional settings. However, little is known about the best practice strategies for incorporating videoconferencing into routine supervision. We address this gap by interviewing and conducting focus groups with a sample of community correction officers from the US ( N = 16). We identified the presence of the law enforcement—social work dichotomy in remote settings, reflected in challenges and opportunities when holding clients accountable and establishing client–officer relationships. Our findings show that officers relying on evidence-based practices (EBPs) were able to use videoconferencing tools to overcome remote challenges. We suggest that establishing in-person relationships, adapting EBP, and taking care of logistics are critical steps to strengthen remote accountability and client–officer relationships. We conclude by discussing future research areas.
A Bibliometric and Content Analysis of Strategy-Based Instruction in Second or Foreign Language Teaching From 2000 to 2021
Authors: Chen Ruihua , Gong Yafu , Liu Yanghe , Cheng Wen
Published: March 2023

This systematic review aims to identify the research trend and gap of strategy-based instruction research in second or foreign language domain from 2000 to 2021. The study involves both bibliometric and content analysis. To gain an overall understanding of the research on strategy-based instruction, this study employs keywords co-occurrence analysis to analyze data obtained from Web of Science and Scopus. The content analysis coded four themes: learning context, research objects, intervention framework, and indicators. The bibliometric findings offered analytical information on keywords, sources, and regions of selected documents, revealing the latest research focuses. The findings of content analysis further explored each document and provided in-depth data concerning learning contexts and research objects. The content analysis also indicates characteristics of successful SBI design by outlining the contexts and implementations of interventions. The results of this study can be useful resources to researchers intending to conduct research in SBI field, since the study discussed both what has been done (existing research focuses) and what needs to be done (research trends and research gap).
The Relationships Among Health Literacy, Patient Activation, and Self-Care Behaviors in Adults With Heart Failure: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Meraz Rebecca , Caldwell Elizabeth Perry , McGee Jocelyn Shealy
Published: March 2023

Despite current efforts, adherence to heart failure (HF) selfcare remains suboptimal. There is a need to identify modifiable factors that promote self-care adherence. Evidence suggests that patient activation and health literacy (HL) are modifiable and may be useful for improving HF self-care. However, more research is needed to understand the influences of these variables on HF self-care. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between patient activation, health literacy, and self-care adherence in a diverse group of adults with HF. This study used a correlational, cross-sectional design. Correlation and regression tests were used to analyze associations among variables. Stratified random sampling was applied to attain a study sample that was 50% persons of color (POC). Of the 174 participants, 51% were female and 48.5% were POC with a mean age of 62 years. There was no significant relationship between HL and HF self-care adherence. There was a small, positive correlation between HL and dichotomized high/low activation levels ( r = .163; p < .05). There was a small, positive correlation between patient activation and HF self-care behaviors ( r = .151; p < .05). However, regression tests showed patient activation was not a predictor of selfcare ( B = 0.173, p = .064). Persons with HF may perform self-care activities when highly activated, regardless of HL status. Patient activation was not a reliable predictor of self-care adherence. More research is needed to elucidate the influence of patient activation and HL on HF self-care behaviors.
“She’s Twice Their Age”: Representations of Aging and the Creation of an Age Order in Women’s Gymnastics
Authors: Allain Kristi A. , Dotto Stephanie
Published: March 2023

Elite-level women’s artistic gymnastics is (in)famous for the youth of its competitors. Yet if age representation constructs the limits and possibilities of sport, it is important to explore the effects of these representations. Here we examine media coverage of gymnast Oksana Chusovitina, who has competed internationally up to the age of 46. We conduct content analysis of 17 international competitions in which Chusovitina competed, from 2001 to 2018, exploring coverage of her and the younger gymnasts with whom she competed. As hegemonic masculinity structures a gender order in sport and beyond, we argue that gymnastics coverage constructs an age order in the sport by (1) emphasizing the exceptionality of older competitors; (2) focusing on athletes’ private lives; and (3) constructing the athlete-coach relationship as familial, where coaches are represented as surrogate parents. These techniques diminish the agency of young gymnasts and produce their youthfulness as hegemonic, treating athletes competing beyond their twenties as unworthy of serious attention. When older athletes like Chusovitina are categorized as outliers, the sports media is free to infantilize younger gymnasts, naturalizing their ostensible lack of agency, as well as the sport’s high burn-out and injury rate.
Establishing the Relative Importance of Challenges in Early-stage Entrepreneurship using Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Gopi Jisha , Subramoniam Suresh
Published: March 2023

Entrepreneurship is of utmost importance in a country’s economic development. Starting one’s own business is not easy and it is even more difficult to sustain in this highly competitive environment. This research helps understand the relative importance of challenging factors that hinders the growth of an enterprise resulting in an entrepreneur deciding whether to continue the business or exit it in the early phase itself. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is the technique used here to determine the relative position of these factors in persuading an entrepreneur’s decision to continue or exit the business. A thorough literature review identified the key challenging factors in early-stage entrepreneurship related to, Finance, Administration, Personal, Product & Market, Environment, and Human Resources. Pairwise comparison is done by collecting the opinions of eight specialists from the industry and from academia, for formulating the reciprocal matrix and analysis using AHP. The finding of this study helps entrepreneurs identify the major hurdles and their impact on the successful launch or growth of their enterprise. On the other side, this research can also be useful for the Government and other support agencies in framing policies, to wipe out hurdles that pave way for a conducive entrepreneurial environment.
Trichobezoar: A Rare Cause of Gastric Obstruction
Authors: Diallo Ibrahima Dokal , Traore Wend-Yam Mohamed , Zahraoui Anass , Moustapha El Waled , Moatassim Billah Nabil , Nassar Iitimad
Published: March 2023

Trichobezoar is a rare disorder of the young girl with a psychiatric profile. It is suspected when there is a notion of trichophagia, although its clinical manifestations are non-specific. Imaging through CT scan, plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis of extensive forms.
Assessing Appropriateness for Shoulder Arthroplasty Using a Shared Decision-Making Process
Authors: Razmjou Helen , Christakis Monique , Nam Diane , Drosdowech Darren , Sheth Ujash , Wainwright Amy , Richards Robin
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study was to validate an appropriateness decision-aid tool as a part of engaging patients with glenohumeral arthritis in their surgical management. The associations between the final decision to have surgery and patient characteristics were examined.

Materials and Methods

This was an observational study. The demographics, overall health, patient-specific risk profile, expectations, and health-related quality of life were documented. Visual analog scale and the American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeon (ASES) measured pain and functional disability, respectively. Clinical and imaging examination documented clinical findings and extent of degenerative arthritis and cuff tear arthropathy. Appropriateness for arthroplasty surgery was documented by a 5-item Likert response survey and the final decision was documented as ready, not-ready, and would like to further discuss.

Results

Eighty patients, 38 women (47.5%), mean age: 72(8) participated in the study. The appropriateness decision aid showed excellent discriminate validity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.93) in differentiating between patients who were “ready” and those who were “not-ready” to have surgery. Gender ( P  =  0.037), overall health ( P  =  .024), strength in external rotation ( P  =  .002), pain severity ( P  =  .001), ASES score ( P < .0001), and expectations ( P  =  .024) were contributing factors to the decision to have surgery. Imaging findings did not play a significant role in the final decision to have surgery.

Conclusions

A 5-item tool showed excellent validity in differentiating patients who were ready to have surgery versus those who were not. Patient's gender, expectations, strength, and self-reported outcomes were important factors in reaching the final decision.
Toxicity Impact Assessment of Nitrogen Oxide and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions in China’s Textile Industry With Chemical Footprint Method
Authors: Guo Yiqi , Zhu Lisha , Ye Xiangyu , Wang Xiaopeng , Xu Yu , Qian Gao , Wang Laili
Published: March 2023

Emissions of air pollutants cause adverse impacts on human health and the environment. As typical air pollutants, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide cause acid rain and particulate matter (PM). Significant emissions of nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide in the production phases make the textile industry face tremendous challenges. Determining the chemical footprint is an effective method for transforming the potential environmental risks of pollutant emissions into an intuitive form of toxicity. In this study, we adopted the chemical footprint method to assess the toxicity impact of nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide emissions from China’s textile industry. The results indicate that the chemical footprint of nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide in China’s textile industry showed a significant decreasing trend from 2001 to 2019, and the chemical footprint of nitrogen oxide was about 11 times higher than that of sulfur dioxide. Among the three sub-sectors of China’s textile industry, the textile manufacturing sector had the highest chemical footprint, accounting for 57.1–65.7% of the total chemical footprint. The remaining chemical footprint is allocated to the chemical fibers manufacturing sector, and the textile wearing apparel, footwear, and cap manufacturing sector. The chemical footprint intensity of China’s textile industry also showed a decreasing trend from 2006 to 2015, and the chemical footprint intensity of the three sub-sectors was in the order of the chemical fibers manufacturing sector, the textile manufacturing sector, and the textile wearing apparel, footwear, and cap manufacturing sector.
Are Prospective Criteria or Objective Clinical Measures Utilized in Return to Play (RTP) Decision Making After Ankle Surgery? A Scoping Review
Authors: Wright Cynthia J. , Robinson Anastasia B. J. , Waldrop Norman E. , Anderson Robert B. , Clanton Thomas O.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Manuscripts discussing return to play (RTP) following ankle surgery are common. However, the definition for RTP and the method by which it is determined remains unclear. The purpose of this scoping review was to clarify how RTP is defined following ankle surgery in physically active patients, to identify key factors informing RTP decision making (such as objective clinical measures), and make recommendations for future research.

Methods:

A scoping literature review was performed in April 2021 using PubMed, EMBASE, and Nursing and Allied Health databases. Thirty studies met inclusion criteria: original research following ankle surgery reporting at least 1 objective clinical test and documentation of RTP. Data were extracted for study methods and outcomes (RTP definition, RTP outcomes, and objective clinical tests).

Results:

The scoping review found studies on 5 ankle pathologies: Achilles tendon rupture, chronic lateral ankle instability, anterior ankle impingement, peroneal tendon dislocation, and ankle fracture. RTP criteria were not provided in the majority of studies (18/30 studies). In the studies that provided them, the RTP criteria were primarily based on time postsurgery (8/12) rather than validated criteria. Objective clinical outcome measures and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were documented for each surgery when available. Both clinical outcomes and PROMs were typically measured >1 year postsurgery.

Conclusion:

In physically active patients who have had ankle surgery, RTP remains largely undefined and is not consistently based on prospective objective criteria nor PROMS. We recommend standardization of RTP terminology, adoption of prospective criteria for both clinical measures and PROMs to guide RTP decision making, and enhanced reporting of patient data at the time of RTP to develop normative values and determine when the decision to RTP is not safe.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, scoping review.
Evaluating Implementation of the Transparency and Openness Promotion Guidelines: Reliability of Instruments to Assess Journal Policies, Procedures, and Practices
Authors: Kianersi Sina , Grant Sean Patrick , Naaman Kevin , Henschel Beate , Mellor David , Apte Shruti , Deyoe Jessica E. , Eze Paul , Huo Cuiqiong , Lavender Bethany L. , Taschanchai Nicha , Zhang Xinlu , Mayo-Wilson Evan
Published: March 2023

The Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines describe modular standards that journals can adopt to promote open science. The TOP Factor quantifies the extent to which journals adopt TOP in their policies, but there is no validated instrument to assess TOP implementation. Moreover, raters might assess the same policies differently. Instruments with objective questions are needed to assess TOP implementation reliably. In this study, we examined the interrater reliability and agreement of three new instruments for assessing TOP implementation in journal policies (instructions to authors), procedures (manuscript-submission systems), and practices (journal articles). Independent raters used these instruments to assess 339 journals from the behavioral, social, and health sciences. We calculated interrater agreement (IRA) and interrater reliability (IRR) for each of 10 TOP standards and for each question in our instruments (13 policy questions, 26 procedure questions, 14 practice questions). IRA was high for each standard in TOP; however, IRA might have been high by chance because most standards were not implemented by most journals. No standard had “excellent” IRR. Three standards had “good,” one had “moderate,” and six had “poor” IRR. Likewise, IRA was high for most instrument questions, and IRR was moderate or worse for 62%, 54%, and 43% of policy, procedure, and practice questions, respectively. Although results might be explained by limitations in our process, instruments, and team, we are unaware of better methods for assessing TOP implementation. Clarifying distinctions among different levels of implementation for each TOP standard might improve its implementation and assessment (study protocol: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-021-00112-8 ).
Directed Functional Brain Connectivity is Altered in Sub-threshold Amyloid-β Accumulation in Cognitively Normal Individuals
Authors: Mijalkov Mite , Veréb Dániel , Canal-Garcia Anna , Volpe Giovanni , Pereira Joana B
Published: March 2023

Several studies have shown that amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition below the clinically relevant cut-off levels is associated with subtle changes in cognitive function and increases the risk of developing future Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although functional MRI is sensitive to early alterations occurring during AD, sub-threshold changes in Aβ levels have not been linked to functional connectivity measures. This study aimed to apply directed functional connectivity to identify early changes in network function in cognitively unimpaired participants who, at baseline, exhibit Aβ accumulation below the clinically relevant threshold. To this end, we analyzed baseline functional MRI data from 113 cognitively unimpaired participants of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort who underwent at least one 18F-florbetapir-PET after the baseline scan. Using the longitudinal PET data, we classified these participants as Aβ negative (Aβ−) non-accumulators (n = 46) and Aβ− accumulators (n = 31). We also included 36 individuals who were amyloid-positive (Aβ+) at baseline and continued to accumulate Aβ (Aβ+ accumulators). For each participant, we calculated whole-brain directed functional connectivity networks using our own anti-symmetric correlation method and evaluated their global and nodal properties using measures of network segregation (clustering coefficient) and integration (global efficiency). When compared to Aβ− non-accumulators, the Aβ− accumulators showed lower global clustering coefficient. Moreover, the Aβ+ accumulator group exhibited reduced global efficiency and clustering coefficient, which at the nodal level mainly affected the superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and caudate nucleus. In Aβ− accumulators, global measures were associated with lower baseline regional PET uptake values, as well as higher scores on the Modified Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite. Our findings indicate that directed connectivity network properties are sensitive to subtle changes occurring in individuals who have not yet reached the threshold for Aβ positivity, which makes them a potentially viable marker to detect negative downstream effects of very early Aβ pathology.
Revision Fundoplication: How I Do It?
Authors: Caso Raul , Khaitan Puja G.
Published: March 2023

Recurrent paraesophageal hernia repair is challenging both for the surgeon and the patient, both from a surgical and a recovery standpoint. From adhesions to fusing of organs with complete obliteration of planes between the crus/mesh, hernia sac, esophagus, and gastric wall, often the anatomy is extremely distorted. Surgery requires meticulous dissection to avoid an iatrogenic injury and careful evaluation of final repair to avoid yet another recurrence. Herein, we present our technique of a redo paraesophageal hernia repair and some pitfalls associated with it.
The Lasting Impact of Generational Mentors: Drs. Joseph G. McCarthy and Henry K. Kawamoto
Authors: Clappier Mona , Choe Joshua , Barnett Sarah , Miller Meghan , Bradley James P.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Within the field of plastic and craniofacial surgery, Joseph G. McCarthy, M.D. and Henry K. Kawamoto Jr., M.D., D.D.S. have both dedicated a significant portion of their career, time, and effort to mentoring the next generation of surgeons. Our study reflects the impact of these generational mentors by analyzing the career paths and academic contributions of their graduate plastic and craniofacial surgeon mentees. It also highlights the unique mentorship styles of Drs. McCarthy and Kawamoto.

Methods:

Academic productivity of trainees under Drs. Kawamoto and McCarthy who completed a craniofacial fellowship (n = 81) or plastic surgery residency (n = 270) from 1984 to 2016 were assessed using institutional records. Curriculum vitae, practice websites, and personal correspondence were used to record practice type, geographic location, academic titles, societal leadership roles, mission trip involvement, and bibliometric data (publications, citations, h-index, grants).

Results:

The craniofacial fellows studied had a mean time since completion of fellowship training of 21 ± 11 years. Three-fourths had active craniofacial practices (75.3%) and over half of the fellows continued to practice in an academic setting (56.8%). The majority continued their surgical practice in the United States with a distribution of 24.7% in the Northeast, 29.6% in the South, 11.1% in the Midwest, and 25.9% in the West. Many became Division/Department Chiefs (42.0%), Craniofacial Directors (45.7%) and professional societal leaders (49.4%). Many sustained research productivity with an average of 77 ± 136 publications; 2070 ± 5459 citations; and h-index of 17 ± 16. An additional analysis of plastic surgery residents showed almost as robust of an academic interest: 34.5% were appointed Chief; 52 ± 95 mean publications; 1808 ± 4517 citations; and h-index of 15 ± 15. These numbers superseded other plastic surgery graduates.

Conclusions:

The McCarthy and Kawamoto craniofacial fellows and plastic surgery residents were noted to have impressive academic records. Mentorship relationships should be envisioned as a 2-way “Give-Get” relationship that will improve clinical skills, research productivity, and patient care.
Feminizing Genioplasty: A Review of Operative Techniques and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Khetpal Sumun , Baker Nusaiba F. , Hu Vivian , Dejam Dillon , Patel Harsh , Morgan Katarina B. J. , Wolfe Erin M. , Lee Justine C.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Facial feminization procedures can be performed to alleviate gender dysphoria among transfeminine or non-binary patients. Moreover, the chin may play an important role in immediate identification and recognition of the face as cis-masculine or cisfeminine, and thus, can be addressed via feminizing genioplasty in the transfeminine population. The purpose of this study was multi-fold: 1) perform a systematic literature review to investigate the current methods utilized to feminize the chin, and 2) study clinical outcomes within an institutional cohort undergoing feminizing genioplasty.

Methods:

A systematic literature review was conducted in order to survey articles that discussed techniques and clinical considerations when performing genioplasty among transgender females and nonbinary patients. In addition, a retrospective review of such patients undergoing genioplasty by the senior author was conducted. Variables collected included demographic factors, operative details, and postoperative outcomes.

Results:

Query of the PubMed database resulted in forty articles after removal of duplicates. Eleven studies that discussed surgical technique about genioplasty in facial feminization surgery were selected for analysis and discussion. Commonly discussed techniques were surgical incision, horizontal and vertical reduction, and material used for fixation. Eighty-seven patients were included in our institutional cohort. Approximately half of the patients underwent 2-piece reduction genioplasty, while 8 patients had 1-piece reduction. Horizontal osteotomies and vertical osteotomies were performed in the majority of patients. About one-third of patients received osseous augmentation via centralized osteotomy segments and cranial bone grafts.

Conclusions:

The core tenets of feminization of the chin lie in the reduction in both horizontal and vertical planes, as well as the creation of harmony with other facial structures. Our analysis presents an updated review of these principles, as well as an in-depth analysis of the senior author’s technique in feminization of the chin in transgender women.
A comprehensive framework for quantifying ecosystem service flow focusing on social-ecological processes
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Wu Tong , Zheng Hua , Li Ruonan , Hu Xiaofei , Ouyang Zhiyun
Published: March 2023

Ecosystem service flow refers to the whole process of ecosystem service production, delivery and utilization, which is closely related to social-ecological processes. However, quantifying the entire ecosystem service flow process remains challenging, placing limits on the management of social-ecological systems to improve human wellbeing. Here, we explored the relationship between social-ecological processes (e.g., product transfer, matter cycling, energy flow and information delivery) and the spatial flow of ecosystem service. Then, we reviewed methods quantifying the spatial flow of ecosystem service. Finally, we proposed a comprehensive framework for quantifying the whole process of ecosystem service flow in terms of social-ecological processes. The framework consists of the quantification of ecosystem service supply and demand, the spatial flow of ecosystem service between suppliers and consumers, and the quantification of utilized ecosystem service. To better quantify the whole process of ecosystem service flow, we need to further understand the factors impacting ecosystem service flow, develop process-based models integrating beneficiaries and infrastructure, and establish social-ecological approaches to inform ecosystem service flow governance.
Amyand’s Hernia: A Case Study
Authors: Weidman Brandy , Callahan Jodi , Newell Jada
Published: March 2023

Amyand’s hernia is a rare inguinal hernia where the appendix is trapped in the hernia sac. This uncommon hernia is most often revealed as an incidental finding, and the demonstration of this disease process is variable. This case study presents a scrotal sonogram of a 48-year-old male complaining of pain and swelling, without history of trauma. Sonographic images of the right inguinal region identified Amyand’s hernia that contained fat, free fluid, and the appendix. Treatment of Amyand’s hernia is highly debatable, but most cases are treated based upon classification that includes the state of the appendix, the patient’s age, septic state, and if any peritoneal involvement was identified.
Plastic behaviour of clay materials for the manufacture of fast-drying red ceramics
Authors: Nandi Vitor de Souza , Zaccaron Alexandre , Raupp-Pereira Fabiano , Arcaro Sabrina , Bernardin Adriano Michael , Montedo Oscar Rubem Klegues
Published: March 2023

Fast drying (~60 min) is useful for optimizing production processes by increasing productivity and reducing costs and environmental impacts, especially in red ceramic industries in Brazil. However, suitable clays are necessary and, currently, studies focused on the plastic behaviour of clays with compositions suitable for extrusion, especially for fast drying, are scarce. Therefore, in this study, three different clays from the same mineral deposit were studied for producing clay-based structural products via fast drying. The clays were characterized according to their chemical, mineralogical and thermal properties, particle size, cation-exchange capacity, specific surface area and open pore volume distribution. Ten formulations were developed using a simplex-centroid mixture design of experiments and their plasticity index (PI) values were determined. The response surfaces of the formulations were evaluated according to their PI, while the formation characteristics were determined according to their extrusion workability factor values. Formulations F5 (50.0 wt.% yellow clay and 50.0 wt.% green clay) and F8 (66.6 wt.% yellow clay, 16.7 wt.% grey clay and 16.7 wt.% green clay; PI = 15.5–16.6%) displayed optimal extrusion properties, followed by formulations F7 (33.3 wt.% yellow clay, 33.3 wt.% grey clay and 33.3 wt.% green clay) and F10 (16.7 wt.% yellow clay, 16.7 wt.% grey clay and 66.6 wt.% green clay; PI = 13.8–14.2%), which are within acceptable extrusion index values. Thus, the chosen formulations have significant potential for use in the manufacture of fast-drying red ceramics.