bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attention Skills in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Isenberg Jill C. , Templer Alexandra , Gao Feng , Titus Jeffrey B. , Gutmann David H.
Published: April 2012

Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 are at increased risk for the development of attention problems relative to their unaffected peers. Previous studies have reported deficits in sustained auditory attention, but other aspects of attention, including sustained visual attention, divided attention, response inhibition, and selective attention, have not been consistently documented. In the present study, we specifically investigated attention skills in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 using measures of visual and sustained auditory attention, divided attention, selective attention, and response inhibition. Consistent with previous reports, we confirmed the presence of deficits in sustained visual and auditory attention in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 but also identified deficits in divided attention and response inhibition. Based on the high frequency and wide spectrum of attention system impairments in this at-risk population, we advocate screening children with neurofibromatosis type 1 for attention problems and providing appropriate interventions that address all aspects of their executive functioning.
Cochlear Implantation for Children
Authors: Teagle Holly F. B.
Published: April 2012

Cochlear implantation has altered the life-course of thousands of children who have significant hearing loss. Since the United States Food and Drug Administration approved multichannel cochlear implants for children in 1989, growing numbers of parents are choosing this option for their offspring and seeking opportunities to integrate them into the hearing world of our society. When paired with appropriate habilitation, cochlear implantation removes barriers for children who are deaf. This technology affords them the ability to circumvent the effects of deafness and participate academically, socially, culturally, and vocationally with their hearing family and peers.
Synthesis of poly(amide-imide)s from new diacid monomers
Authors: Thiruvasagam P. , Vijayan M.
Published: April 2012

Two new diacid monomers 4,4′-bis[5-(trimellitimido)napthyloxy]diphenyl sulfone and 4,4′-bis[5-(trimellitimido)napthyloxy]benzophenone were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic analysis. A series of poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) were prepared from these diacids and aromatic diamines through phosphorylation reaction. The structures of the PAIs were characterized by infrared and 1H-NMR. The PAIs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, electrical properties, solution viscosity and solubility test. The flexible linkages and pendant groups in the PAIs chain will disturb chain–chain packing and their effects on solubility, thermal stability and electrical properties were investigated. PAIs showed excellent thermal stability and good solubility. The dielectric constants of the PAIs were in the range 4.15–4.77. The PAIs have electrical insulation character and the film can be used in insulation of electrical items operating at elevated temperatures.
Study into the recyclability of a thermoplastic polyurethane powder for use in laser sintering
Authors: Plummer Katherine , Vasquez Michael , Majewski Candice , Hopkinson Neil
Published: April 2012

Previous studies into the use of polymer powders such as Nylon-12 for laser sintering have shown part property degradation caused by repeated heating and cooling. This research investigated the recyclability of a new thermoplastic polyurethane powder in the laser sintering process. The work has novel value as there has been no previous work on processing this material by laser sintering.

A virgin powder sample was retained, along with a sample after each of four laser sintering builds. Each sample’s recyclability was investigated by particle size analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy of particle pairs, melt flow index, tensile test sample manufacture and tensile testing.

Upon recycling, no significant trend in the elastomer particle size distribution was identified, and thermal properties were unchanged, as shown by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Hot stage analysis showed that recycling had no clear effect on sintering time. Melt flow index results showed a small increase in flow rate upon recycling, corresponding to a slight drop in viscosity, suggesting reduced chain length. The outcome of tensile tests showed a minor decrease in strength while elongation at break and Young’s modulus showed a negligible decrease.

The results have shown the possibility of recycling the thermoplastic polyurethane bed powder several times through the laser sintering process without any significant degradation or reduction in properties.
Modelling and predicting the effects of submerged arc weldment process parameters on weldment characteristics and shape profiles
Authors: Narang Harendra K , Mahapatra Manas M , Jha Pradeep K , Mukherjee Indrajit
Published: April 2012

The submerged arc weldment cross section shape profiles indicate the macrostructure zones’ boundaries of both the base metal and weld that are affected by the weld thermal cycle. These macrostructure zones are broadly designated as the weld reinforcement, penetration and heat affected zones. The present investigation is aimed at predicting the shape profiles and characteristics of the submerged arc weldment zones based on statistical analysis. A full factorial design matrix was used for the submerged arc weldment butt-bead-on plate welds to study the effects of welding input variables. The outputs from the welding, such as the weld macrostructure characteristics, were mathematically modelled with respect to the input process variables. The interaction effects of the welding input process variables on the responses were also investigated. Based on the weldment characteristics, including that of the bead contact angle, a mapping technique was developed for the graphical representation of the macrostructure zones’ shape profiles. The modelling approach adopted in the present investigation can be used to predict the fusion and heat affected zone shape profiles of submerged arc-based repair welds and claddings.
‘It’s like they don’t want you to get better’: Psy control of women in the carceral context
Authors: Kilty Jennifer M.
Published: April 2012

This article examines how women incarcerated in provincial and federal prisons in Canada experience medicalization as the predominant form of correctional psy intervention. In order to privilege the oft ignored and typically silenced voices of incarcerated women, this article draws on life history interviews with 22 formerly incarcerated women who were living in halfway houses and working to transition from prison to the community. The analysis highlights the (over)use of prescription psychotropic medications as a governance strategy and the impact this practice has on women serving time. Participants had limited access to non-medical interventions in general, and no access to counselling services outside the purview of correctional control. The overlapping of correctional and psy interventions in the prison setting transforms psy treatment not only into a mechanism of social control, but also into a punitive and disciplinary enterprise that delegitimizes the women’s self-identified needs.
A brief note on “moral psychology”
Authors: Robinson Daniel N.
Published: April 2012

Attempts to establish biological foundations of moral decision-making reflect a general failure to identify just what renders a decision “moral.” Moreover, there is a comparably general confusion as to what is foundational in such inquiries. The foundations are metaphysical and the noninferential data of relevance are provided at the phenomenological level.
Ensuring the effective implementation of transnational company agreements
Authors: Sobczak André
Published: April 2012

Over the past decade, a number of European companies have negotiated transnational company agreements. These agreements may help improve labour standards in the subsidiaries, and even more for those employed by subcontractors or suppliers. They may also encourage social dialogue at these levels. However, given their uncertain legal status, how it is possible to ensure their effective implementation throughout the company’s subsidiaries? What matters is less the legal status of the transnational collective agreement than the active involvement of the various actors involved in the process. The role of the signatories to the agreement is of course crucial, but its effective implementation also requires the commitment of local managements and workers’ representatives. This article draws on discussions and interviews with managers and worker representatives directly involved in the implementation of transnational company agreements, and identifies ways to encourage this kind of commitment.
Teachers and trade unions: between corporate tradition, professional associations and collective representation
Authors: Causarano Pietro
Published: April 2012

This article asks to what extent trade union culture among teaching staff reveals common elements both among teachers and within national contexts. Many elements – the development of school systems, cultural, religious and political distinctions, the differences between teachers’ professional backgrounds, and their views of themselves as professionals or as officials – make it awkward to adopt a common reading of their trade union identities and activities. For this reason, national trajectories remain solidly in place. Following the Second World War, however, mass school attendance, the rise in educational levels and the social opening-up of school systems did profoundly alter the organization and culture of teaching activity. Elements of convergence then became apparent amidst the differences between the specific corporate traditions bringing the previously association-based system closer to general trade unionism: the federal structure and potential membership of a confederation; reliance on collective bargaining and negotiations; strikes; concertation and the use of bilateral instruments to manage and reform school establishments.
Gender politics in trade unions. The representation of women between exclusion and inclusion
Authors: Ledwith Sue
Published: April 2012

How can we account for the persistence of exclusion of women from organizational power and leadership in trade unions in spite of their increasing proportion of the labour force and of trade union membership? For a while, often as part of revitalization strategies, trade unions have put in place extensive structural reforms to encourage gender equality, but in practice these do not result in gender proportionality in formal positions in unions. We have to seek for deeper explanations, and this article explores how at a more profound level cultures of exclusionary masculinity are strongly embedded especially in traditional unions and among traditional male leaderships. However, there is also increasing evidence of changing attitudes among younger and more diverse workers and trade unionists, those from different cultural and ethnic groups, migrant workers, men as well as women, as their experiences of increasingly precarious work align with patterns long established by women juggling family and part-time insecure work. An optimistic reading of these changes sees the possibilities for increasing inclusion and gender equity within trade unions.
Swords of justice in an age of retrenchment? The role of trade unions in welfare provision1
Authors: Johnston Alison , Kornelakis Andreas , d’Acri Costanza Rodriguez
Published: April 2012

The recent financial crisis has once again highlighted the precarious situation of trade unions: austerity measures have targeted unions’ traditional institutional ally, the welfare state, as well as their last organizational stronghold, the public sector. The purpose of this article is to examine how trade unions have responded to reductions in welfare provision, due either to reform or to state inaction, and how state retrenchment can provide a silver lining for unions via the enhancement of unions’ bargaining responsibilities. We argue that, apart from retrenchment and privatization, there is a third road to welfare reform which involves unions’ ‘collectivization’ of social risks through the take-up of marginalized policies in bargaining agreements. Presenting evidence from a most-likely (the Netherlands) and least-likely (Greece) case, we identify instances where unions have acted as pivotal political substitutes to the state in the realm of welfare provision.
An innovative base isolation system with Ni–Ti alloy and its application in seismic vibration control of Izadkhast Bridge
Authors: Khodaverdian Alireza , Ghorbani-Tanha Amir K , Rahimian Mohammad
Published: April 2012

In this article, an innovative base isolation system based on steel–polytetrafluoroethylene sliding bearings equipped with shape memory alloy is proposed. This isolation system employs superelastic Ni–Ti alloy cables as recentering components and dissipates input energy through the friction and additional damping of shape memory alloy. As a case study, Izadkhast Bridge, the longest railway bridge in Iran, is considered and fitted with the proposed system. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the bridge is developed and time history analyses for various earthquake records are conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed isolation system can effectively improve the bridge response quantities. Moreover, equipping the sliding bearings with shape memory alloy efficiently reduces permanent deck displacement of the base-isolated bridge. This study reveals that shape memory alloy cables mostly work as recentering elements with regard to the minimal damping capacity of shape memory alloy cables. In addition, sensitivity analyses on environmental temperature reveals that mechanical behavior of shape memory alloy on minimum probable temperature should be considered in design procedure. Regarding the financial and functional aspects, using minimum cross-sectional area and length of shape memory alloy cables is appropriate. Moreover, the geometric characteristics of shape memory alloy cables should be selected, so that shape memory alloy strain is being limited to the recoverable range (up to 8%).
Non-linear modelling of multilayer piezoelectric actuators in non-trivial configurations based on actuator design parameters and piezoelectric material properties
Authors: Cao Yudong , Yang Bintang
Published: April 2012

Current models of non-linear electromechanical behaviours of piezoactuators are mostly intended for actuator configurations where the strain of the piezoelectric material is directly used as the linear output. On the other hand, in the design of piezoactuators, there exist non-trivial configurations where the internal strains of the piezoelectric materials manifest externally in the form of bending and curving rather than simple elongation or contraction, it is also important to predict the non-linear performance of the actuator based on the design parameters. Therefore, it is the intent of this article to present a model that enables calculation of the quasi-static mechanical response of piezoelectric multilayer actuators in non-trivial configurations. It is based on the polarization hysteresis loop and butterfly curve of its constituent piezoelectric material. Using an energy-based formulation, the model takes into account the non-piezoelectric sections as well as the mechanical boundary conditions of the actuator. Furthermore, a three-layer lead zirconium titanate bimorph with both ends clamped is considered in this study. Model calculation of its relationship between input voltage V and midpoint vertical displacement X is carried out based on ferroelectric hysteresis data of the bimorph material from the literature. The calculation results are then validated by measurements.
Piezoresistive response of Pluronic-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotube–epoxy composites
Authors: Gonzalez-Dominguez Jose M , Ansón-Casaos Alejandro , Martinez Maria T , Ferreira Armando , Vaz Filipe , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu
Published: April 2012

This article reports on the piezoresistive behaviour of polymer-based nanocomposites, which are composed of epoxy resins and Pluronic-wrapped carbon nanotubes. The samples were prepared with carbon nanotube concentrations up to 1 wt.%. Good carbon nanotube dispersion was achieved due to the Pluronic wrapping of the carbon nanotube, as confirmed by electron and atomic force microscopies. The correlation between the electrical resistivity and mechanical strain was obtained for varying mechanical deformation. The electrical response is linear for small strains, and the values of the gauge factor are ∼2.6. The small variations of the signal over 32 cycles, the time response to deformations from 0.1 to 50 mm min−1 and the stable temperature behaviour up to 60°C show the viability of these materials to be used as piezoresistive sensors.
Shaping a Science of Social Work
Authors: Brekke John S.
Published: April 2012

Social workers provide more social services to populations across the life span than any other human service profession, including psychiatry, nursing, and psychology. The scientific methodologies and the scientific knowledge relevant to social services have expanded dramatically in the last 30 years. Using the two indicators of the total number of journals and the impact factors of those journals, it would appear that social work’s contribution to that expanding scientific knowledge base has been relatively limited. The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between social work and science and to propose the outlines of a science of social work that intends to serve as a catalyst for shaping social work into a scientific discipline.
Response: Reviewing the Coming Crisis in Social Work
Authors: Houston Stan
Published: April 2012

This response recasts the issues highlighted by Longhofer and Floersch in terms of the continuing dynamics of the neoliberal knowldege economy, how this impacts on what is researched by the social work academy, how it is researched, and what type of research is recognized. While Longhofer and Floersch’s turn to critical realism is welcomed, this underlaboring position must be focused on the mechanisms driving neoliberalism in the modern world, primarily those associated with the commodification of social work practice and services. In order to more fully understand the nature and impact of these mechanisms, this response valorizes the continuing significance of critical social theory as expressed by theorists in the Frankfurt School. Because of the complexity of oppression under neoliberalism, it is finally argued that critical realist approaches in social work need to use a diversity of methods embracing deduction, induction, abduction, and retroduction.
Pattern of Hospitalization of Patients With Cancer in an Acute Palliative Care Setting
Authors: Al-Kindi Sadeer G. , Zeinah Ghaith F. Abu , Hassan Azza Adel
Published: April 2012

Palliative care is an essential part of in cancer treatment. Specialized palliative care units are starting to be incorporated into advanced healthcare systems. Qatar, a wealthy country in the Middle East, opened its first acute palliative care unit within a specialty cancer hospital in 2008. The objective of this study is to report and analyze the patterns of admissions and discharges of the patients referred to this unit over a period of three years. Our unit received 241 total admissions from July 2008 to June 2011. The age of the patients was 60.5 years, with 41.6% being local Qataris. Gastrointestinal malignancies formed the most common (34.5%). The average length of stay per admission at this unit was 30.5 days. The in-hospital mortality in our unit was 61.7%. The LOS and mortality rates were higher than those reported in the literature. We attributed that to the lack of other models of palliative care in the country and to cultural factors.
Olanzapine
Authors: Prommer Eric
Published: April 2012

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent of the thienobenzodiazepine class. Olanzapine blocks multiple neurotransmitter receptors, including dopaminergic (D1, D2, D3, and D4), serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine 2A [5-HT2A], 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, and 5-HT6), adrenergic (α1), histaminic (H1), and muscarinic (M1, M2, M3, and M4) receptors. Olanzapine has a high affinity for the 5HT2A receptor, which is up to 5 times greater than the dopamine receptor, resulting in less propensity to the development of extrapyramidal side effects. The affinity of olanzapine for multiple receptors has lead to the identification of olanzapine as an important agent in the treatment of delirium, nausea, and vomiting. Olanzapine has been demonstrated to have opioid-sparing properties. Olanzapine is principally metabolized by glucuronidation, with a smaller metabolic contribution from the cytochrome oxidase system. Adverse effects of olanzapine include somnolence, postural hypotension, constipation, dizziness, restlessness, and weight gain. The purpose of this article is to outline the pharmacodynamics, pharmacology, and evidence for the use of olanzapine in palliative care.
Successful Use of Flupirtine in Refractory Neuropathic Pain Due to Small Fiber Neuropathy
Authors: Mishra Seema , Choudhary Prakash , Joshi Saurabh , Bhatnagar Sushma
Published: April 2012

Small fiber neuropathy typically involves the small diameter nerve fibers, is usually idiopathic, and presents with peripheral pain. It can be excruciatingly painful at times despite the best of treatments. We present the case of a 22-year-old postoperative case of right frontoparietal oligodendroglioma who received multiple drugs for his severe neuropathic pain without significant relief. However, the pain almost completely subsided once flupirtine was added and substituted for some of the currently recommended first-line drugs.
Reimagining NASA
Authors: Williams Miriam F.
Published: April 2012

In 2010, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) commemorated its 50th anniversary by launching an anniversary Web site, which includes links to a photographic timeline, videos, and documents that the agency views as important in telling its history. This article uses concepts from narrative theory and visual rhetoric to analyze the images used in the NASA History Timeline, paying special attention to why certain images were selected as historical markers over other photographs that are more widely published and televised. Specifically, the author uses arguments from Sontag’s On Photography and Barbatsis’s “Narrative Theory” to explain how NASA’s photographic narrative provides a story with a plot that spans from triumphs and tragedies in space exploration to pioneering efforts in racial, ethnic, and gender diversity.
Improving Social Engagement and Initiations Between Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Peers in Inclusive Settings
Authors: Koegel Lynn K. , Vernon Ty W. , Koegel Robert L. , Koegel Brittany L. , Paullin Anne W.
Published: April 2012

Research suggests that incorporating the circumscribed ritualistic interests of children with autism as a theme of activities can improve their socialization. The current study assessed whether socialization would improve if more general interests of children on the autism spectrum that would also be of interest to their typical peers were incorporated into activities. Three children with autism, who were included in regular education classes but did not seek out or interact with peers prior to intervention, participated. Data were collected in the context of a multiple baseline across-participants design, with a reversal for one child. Activities that were identified to be of interest to the study participants and their typical peers were implemented as clubs twice weekly during regular lunchtime periods. Results showed that all three children demonstrated large increases in their time engaged with peers as a result of the activities, with minimal training of the interventionist and without any specialized training of the children with autism or their peers. Furthermore, their untargeted verbal initiations greatly improved over baseline levels and often approximated the levels of their peers. Implications for further improving peer social interactions for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder are discussed.
Influence of micropolar lubricant on bearings performance: A review
Authors: Khatak Pankaj , Garg HC
Published: April 2012

This article presents the applicability of the microcontinuum theories to the fluid in sliding surfaces. The classical continuum mechanics fails to predict the accurate results when the geometric volume under consideration becomes comparable to the material dimensions. The fluid in the presence of microstructures and in the space comparable to the clearance of bearings showed unexpected variations in its properties as per the experimental observations. A general class of micropolar fluid was defined by considering the microrotation vector of its particles. This review critically analyzes the microrotation of lubricant additives and its effects on static and dynamic characteristics of the bearings.
Reading Pulp Fiction: Femininity and power in second and third wave feminist theory
Authors: Schippers Mimi , Sapp Erin Grayson
Published: April 2012

This article adds to the growing literature distinguishing second and third wave feminist theory. It opens by outlining theoretical differences between second wave and third wave definitions of femininity and the role and impact of femininity on gender relations of domination, whilst briefly acknowledging the complications of the relationship between third wave feminism and post-feminism. It then suggests that these diverging perspectives on embodied femininity result from fundamentally different second wave and third wave theories of power. In doing so, it develops a third wave conceptual definition of femininity and a theoretical framework for power relations that are distinct from a second wave approach. It illustrates these differences by offering a close reading of textual representation of femininity in the film Pulp Fiction.
Luce Irigaray’s sexuate economy
Authors: Daley Linda
Published: April 2012

Some feminist commentators ignore Luce Irigaray’s contributions to rethinking classical and neoclassical theories of the market when their aims and hers are often largely of a piece. Other feminist commentators celebrate Irigaray’s writings by privileging a certain conception of the gift her philosophy is said to evoke because it challenges the logic of the market economy and its masculinist biases. Instead of viewing the market and the gift in a binary way, I argue that Irigaray examines the conditions of possibility for transvaluing value and exchange as such. By way of an internal critique of economic texts and discourses, Irigaray draws out the available conceptual resources for the possibility of a model of exchange between two positively valued – sexuate – subjects. In this article I focus on the texts where Irigaray explicitly engages with key components of political economy – ‘Commodities among Themselves’, ‘Women on the Market’ and ‘Women, the Sacred and Money’ – and also her conceptualisation of a nonmarket economy in Elemental Passions. These brilliant and complex essays yield an understanding of the forms and the flows (value and exchange) of all economies (whether symbolic, linguistic, cultural or political) necessary for cultivating a sexuate economy.
The strategic use of the politics of care: The Israeli Checkpoint Watch movement
Authors: Mansbach Daniela
Published: April 2012

This article examines the Israeli women’s movement, Checkpoint Watch, as a case from which to argue that the strategic use of the politics of care can challenge existing social and political orders. The conscious decision of activists to direct the practice of care toward the ‘wrong’ subject – toward Palestinians rather than Israeli soldiers – challenges the dehumanisation of Palestinians in Israeli society. While the politics of care may call the political order into question, the service of a behaviour that is considered essentialist may paradoxically reinforce the existing social order. I argue that the politics of care has the potential to challenge both the political and the social order, though not simultaneously.
Catch me if you can: Monkey capture in Delhi
Authors: Gandhi Ajay
Published: April 2012

This article is a study of Delhi's monkey-catchers, municipal contractors who trap and relocate simians. I examine their perspectives, as well as those of planners and residents. Parallel but competing dispositions vis-à-vis monkeys – fascination and repulsion, piousness and annoyance – are detailed. In so doing, the article addresses the following themes: purification and displacement, the neighbour and stranger, multi-species cohabitation, planning and modernization, and the circulation of gift and sin. Three interwoven arguments bear on studies of modernity, urban governance, and post-humanism. First, Indian cities are not becoming irreversibly bourgeois and sanitized; humans engage in varied ways with monkeys and are complicit in their presence, by ritually gifting food. The logic of the gift vies with the desire to cleanse; a supernatural current animates the modernist city. Second, studies of bureaucratic power often presume coherence and efficiency. In contrast, I illustrate official ambivalence to cleansing, as well as structural constraints and makeshift arrangements that conspire against the master plan. Third, I question post-humanist and multi-species theories that seek to transcend Western ontology. The monkey-catchers’ porous taxonomy for human–animal differences affirms human primacy as much as it dissolves dichotomies.
Mofussil Metropolis: Civil sites, uncivil cinema and provinciality in Dhaka city
Authors: Hoek Lotte
Published: April 2012

This article explores the charismatic afterlife of wilting civic institutions and public sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Revolving around the career of an assistant film director involved in the production of cheap action movies, I argue that his love for and use of urban fine arts venues puts a spin on proclamations of the death of modernist urbanism and city planning in postcolonial cities. While such institutions and ideals have in many ways run aground in Dhaka too, the fervour with which its signs, forms and sites are embraced by urbanites associated with the rural hinterland or mofussil, suggests that their aesthetic surplus is up for grabs. Rethinking the relationship between the mofussil and the metropolis in Bangladesh, I suggest that the uncivil mofussil outside to urbane and progressive sophistication has become its inside.
Introduction to crowds and conviviality: Ethnographies of the South Asian city
Authors: Gandhi Ajay , Hoek Lotte
Published: April 2012

In this introduction to the special issue of Ethnography, we argue that the South Asian city is not an inert backdrop to the lives of its various inhabitants. Living cities change and morph, their instability and transformation demanding a concomitant openness to change from its inhabitants. The open-endedness of the living city in South Asia requires an open and exploratory ethnographic approach unburdened by inflexible terminology, formats or concepts. We call for creative forms of writing to do justice to both such an ethnographic practice and to the city itself.
Forces of truth: A struggle of migrant workers in Delhi
Authors: Ramaswami Shankar
Published: April 2012

Under conditions of precarious work in factories of Delhi, how do workers contest terminations and dispersal? In this article, I explore a struggle of migrant workers of a metal polishing factory to retain legal work. I describe experiences of turbulence at the factory, union efforts to oppose management actions, and workers’ placard protests on roads of the city. I discuss workers’ motives, methods, and difficulties in the protests, interactions with other workers, managers, and the police, and empathetic linkages which arose during the struggle. The struggle’s conclusion might be seen to intimate, drawing on Weil and Gandhi, the workings of ‘forces of truth’ in the world.
Foraging: An ecology model of consumer behaviour?
Authors: Wells Victoria K.
Published: April 2012

Foraging theory is a well established set of models and ideas in ecology, anthropology and behavioural psychology. Two areas of research, the behavioural ecology of consumption and information foraging, have made strides in the application of foraging theories in relation to consumption and related behaviours. These focus on online situations and restrictions in methodologies utilized allows application to only a small range of marketing problems. This paper broadens the application of these notions and introduces foraging ideas/terminology to a wider business and marketing audience by contextualizing and comparing with current research in marketing and related areas. The paper makes a number of suggestions for use of the foraging model in both academic and practitioner based environments. The paper ends with discussion of future research on the assembly and wider application of a foraging ecology model of consumer behaviour.
Advertising management principles are derived mostly from logic and very little from empirical generalizations
Authors: Rossiter John R.
Published: April 2012

This article illustrates with numerous examples that the strategic principles of advertising management – and also its concepts and frameworks – are derived more from logic (by deduction) than from empirical generalizations (by induction). As argued by Rossiter in Marketing Theory (2001b, 2002), empirical generalizations are useful only when they are translated into strategic principles, which are ‘if, do’ recommendations for managerial actions. The present article comprehensively demonstrates that advertising’s strategic principles depend either (a) entirely on logical thinking, or (b) on logical thinking about causality designed to ‘ungeneralize’ – and specifically for the brand, improve upon – general empirical findings.
Just for fun? The emotional regime of experiential consumption
Authors: Jantzen Christian , Fitchett James , Østergaard Per , Vetner Mikael
Published: April 2012

Experiential consumption emphasizes emotional and hedonic qualities in the marketplace stressing the importance of experiences for ‘the good life’ and positioning consumption as a legitimate way to generate interesting and relevant experiences. The concept of emotional regimes (Reddy, 2001) is used to emphasize the dialectics between structural changes in the modern marketplace and the modern way of perceiving and practising hedonic behaviour. The article considers the main ideas that have furthered modern hedonism and the practices that have transformed the abstract longing for sensitivity into concrete experiential appetites. The development of a regime of experiences is outlined, consisting of a set of techniques to bring about sensual pleasure, a discourse to verbalize the methods of pleasure seeking, and an ideology that turns pleasure into a legitimate existential goal in life for the sake of self-actualization.
Planning for the needs of urban poor in the Global South: The value of a feminist approach
Authors: Speak Suzanne
Published: April 2012

This paper is influenced by Sue Hendler’s concerns about the interlinked issues of feminism, ethics and social justice in planning. It uses a feminist-inspired ‘everyday life’ framework to explore the implication of recent settlement planning on the lives of urban poor people in Delhi. The work argues that, at the very least, planners need to understand the everyday lives of the urban poor if they are to execute socially just decision making in the planning of new settlements for them. Moreover, it suggests that using feminist approaches to planning may provide a more ethical starting point in a context of what Watson (2003) identifies as the ‘conflicting rationales’ between different groups in the urban arena.
“Never eat anything with a face”: Ontology and ethics
Authors: Overall Christine
Published: April 2012

As a vegetarian for several decades, Sue Hendler had a criterion for what could and could not be consumed: “Never eat anything that has a face.” Indeed, she once chided me, on those grounds, for eating shrimps. Her criterion exemplifies two important aspects of ethical decision-making. First, what ought to be done or not done depends upon what entities one is dealing with and deciding about. In other words, good ethics depends upon sound metaphysics; moral decision-making is, in part, a function of one’s ontology. Second, what something is (its ontology) to us as human beings—for example, a “being with a face”—partly depends upon how we relate to it, because how we relate to something makes some of its characteristics more salient than others, and even (in some cases) creates those characteristics. In other words, ontological identity is, in part, relational, and relating and relationships are core contributors to good ethical reasoning. This paper explores and elaborates upon these two fundamental claims, and shows how Sue Hendler supported these ideas in her life and in her work as a feminist planner.
Caseworker attitudes on kinship care in Ontario
Authors: Brisebois Kimberly
Published: April 2012

This exploratory study aims to develop an understanding of caseworker views on the challenges and opportunities of kinship care. This sample includes protection and kinship service caseworkers who service families in Ontario. Focus groups with a self-selected sample of 27 caseworkers explored the current attitudes of ongoing caseworkers toward kinship caregivers and the policies that mandate their exploration. Results indicated that workers are embracing the idea of kinship care; however they note several limitations and frustrations with the practice. Lack of resources and services for kinship caregivers, issues of conflict and difficulty in monitoring kinship homes hinder positive attitudes about this practice. Further, workers felt that the current legislation encourages the approval of kinship homes that are viewed as substandard and unsafe for children.
Heroic leadership illusions in football teams: Rationality, decision making and noise-signal ratio in the firing of football managers
Authors: Arnulf Jan Ketil , Mathisen John Erik , Hærem Thorvald
Published: April 2012

Similar to practices in top management positions worldwide, there has been an increasing tendency in recent decades to fire football managers when the team does not perform to the stakeholders' expectations. Previous research has suggested that improvements after change of manager are a statistical artefact. Based on 12 years of data from the Norwegian Premier League, we conduct a natural experiment showing what would have taken place if the manager had not been fired. In this case, the performance might have improved just as well and even quicker. Building on theories in expertise and decision making, we explore the data and argue that decision makers may be fooled by randomness and learn wrong lessons about team leadership. Our analyses support a post-heroic view of team leadership as an emergent, output variable. Exaggerated focus on the individual manager may ruin long-term performance. Practical implications are discussed.
The effect of self-leadership on work role performance in teams
Authors: Hauschildt Kristina , Konradt Udo
Published: April 2012

This research examined the effect of self-leadership strategies on individuals’ work role performance in teams. Using an experimental policy-capturing design, self-leadership, task interdependence and situational uncertainty were manipulated in two studies. Moreover, the moderating effect of psychological collectivism orientation on the self-leadership performance relation was explored. Results from multilevel analyses revealed that in Study 1, self-leadership had a positive effect on individual task and team member work role performance. Study 2 replicated and extended these results by showing positive effects of self-leadership on individuals’ team member proficiency, adaptivity and proactivity in teams. Furthermore, collectivism orientation moderates the effect of self-leadership on team member proficiency. Implications of the findings are identified, limitations are discussed and areas for future research are proposed.
The role of team leadership in Portuguese child protection teams
Authors: Graça Ana Margarida , Margarida Passos Ana
Published: April 2012

The majority of team leadership studies have ignored the specific context in which that leadership takes place and the cyclical correlation of inputs and processes on ongoing performance. It is our contention that leadership is a mediator of team processes and team effectiveness on ongoing functioning of multidisciplinary teams (MDT). The members of 126 multidisciplinary teams responded to a survey on several aspects related to the functioning and leadership of their teams. The results support the hypothesis that leadership does mediate the relationship between reflexivity and effectiveness (i.e. team management performance, boundary spanning and satisfaction) within the team. Theoretically, these findings challenge those of linear models that typically analyse the impact of leadership as something that happens in isolation. Future research should describe and consider not just the team type and tasks but also investigate the roles that context and time play in team leadership.
The impact of ethical political leadership on the public: The mediating role of confidence in political leaders
Authors: Zhu Weichun , Norman Steve M , Peng Zongchao , Riggio Ronald E , Sosik John J
Published: April 2012

This study examined the dynamic relationships among ethical political leadership, the public’s confidence in political leaders, commitment to the nation, and the perception of being safe from a terrorist attack. Based on a U.S. national random sample (n = 1604), we found that the public’s confidence in political leaders mediates the effect of ethical political leadership on the public’s commitment to the nation and the perception of being safe from a terrorist attack. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Utilising behavioural family therapy (BFT) to help support the system around a person with intellectual disability and complex mental health needs
Authors: Marshall Keith , Ferris Jan
Published: April 2012

There is a higher incidence of mental health problems amongst people with intellectual disabilities. Family members and support staff who provide support to people with intellectual disabilities with mental health difficulties are more likely to experience increased stress. In the mainstream mental health literature it has been demonstrated that psycho-educational family interventions have a positive impact on the person with mental health difficulties and on the family members who support them. This article uses a case study to illustrate the implementation of a family intervention with the support system around someone with intellectual disabilities, autism and chronic mental health difficulties. Following intervention the family member reported a marked decrease in levels of strain. Both the family and team members reported improvement in functioning within the support system.
Washing One’s Hands After Failure Enhances Optimism but Hampers Future Performance
Authors: Kaspar Kai
Published: April 2012

Previous studies showed that washing one’s hand not only removes dirt from the body, it also weakens one’s guilt after immoral behavior, makes moral judgment of others’ misdeeds less severe, reduces post-decisional dissonance effects, and can help wash off bad luck. The present study broadens this scope by investigating the psychological impact of physical cleansing in a performance setting. The results show that physical cleansing enhances optimism after failure, but it hampers future performance in the same task domain. Hence, the influence of physical cleansing is neither limited to the moral domain nor to the decision-making processes which are metaphorically linked to the concept of cleanliness. Moreover, the impact of physical cleansing on higher cognitive processes does not seem to be always positive, but it helps close a matter. Starting points for future research are discussed.
The mutable identities of women in public relations
Authors: Daymon Christine , Surma Anne
Published: April 2012

The notion that contemporary society as a knowledge economy is undergoing profound transformation has implications for the occupation of public relations, as well as the professional and personal identities of public relations practitioners. With the increasing erosion of once clear demarcations between people, time, space and communication technologies, public relations practitioners experience increasing tensions in their encounters between self and other, private and public, economic and cultural factors. We are interested in how women in public relations undertake identity work as a way of responding to these pressures, notably at the point where their home and work lives intersect. In interviews and focus groups conducted in Perth, Western Australia, women of different ages and career backgrounds related their experiences of juggling multiple roles including worker, mother, partner, friend, parent or grandparent. The findings reveal a set of complex identity constructions that indicate that some women are successful in separating professional and personal identities, while others are unable to resist work as an all-encompassing activity and as the marker of a meaningful identity. To develop as a public relations practitioner involves not only the social expectations of what it means to be a professional coupled with an individual’s presentation of themselves in public relations. It also involves a changeable relationship that expands over the whole life situation, including career trajectories and family life stages. A recognition of this set of circumstances prompts further research questions in relation to public relations and its specific influence on gendered, identity and relationship practices, and has significant implications for the profession more broadly.