bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To trust or not to trust? Trust landscape of organic animal husbandry: Mapping consumer attitudes and information demands in Germany
Authors: Bayer Elisa , Kühl Sarah
Published: February 2024

A mainly positive attitude of consumers towards organic animal husbandry with its higher keeping standards compared to the legal regulations is evident. However, less is known about consumers’ detailed expectations of organic husbandry and in particular their attitude and trust along the value chain of organic animal products. Which consumers trust the most, and how do they want to be informed about organic animal husbandry? Where along the chain are trust deficits that should be addressed in the future to support sustainable food consumption with high animal welfare standards? To answer these important questions a survey was conducted among 729 German meat consumers. Using a cluster analysis, various consumer groups were identified based on their trust levels. Further, these groups were characterized regarding their general attitude, their information behavior, their evaluation of current media reporting, and their preferred way to be informed (emotional/rational) about organic animal products. The results revealed three clusters that clearly differ in their trust level of organic husbandry. Respondents assigned to the first cluster are committed organic consumers with high trust and the most positive attitude. The second cluster, combines respondents who are generally open to organic meat consumption and showing the second highest trust level and positive attitude towards organic. They show a slight favor for a more rational presentation of information. The third cluster is the smallest and can be described as the skeptics with a low interest in organic. The results indicate a general moderate to high trust level along the value chain of organic animal products, with the highest trust in organic retailers and farmers and the least trust in processing and conventional retailers. These are important insights for the organic sector in order to improve consumer trust and therewith increase the market share of organic meat products.
Early detection of optic nerve head changes using optical coherence tomography after using mesenchymal stromal cells as intravitreal therapy in rabbit models of ocular hypertension
Authors: Evangelho Karine dos Santos , Cifuentes-González Carlos , Rojas-Carabali William , Vivero-Arciniegas Clemencia De , Cañas-Arboleda Mariana , Salguero Gustavo , Ramírez-Santana Carolina , de-la-Torre Alejandra
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim: Stem cell therapy is considered a promising treatment for several neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are very few studies on the use of this therapy in glaucoma models. By detecting the changes produced by glaucoma early, cell therapy could help prevent the events that lead to blindness. In this study, early changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) as detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after the application of human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) in an experimental model of ocular hypertension (OH) were evaluated.

Materials and Methods: Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the following three groups: G1: OH, G2: hWJ-MSCs, and G3: OH + hWJ-MSCs. An OH model was constructed, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured regularly. At week 7, 105/100 μL hWJ-MSCs were intravitreally injected. Retinography and OCT were used to evaluate structural changes in ONH.

Results: IOP increased significantly in G1 and G3 from week 3 onward. Retinography revealed more significant optic nerve changes, that is, papillary asymmetry suggestive of optic nerve excavation, vascular alterations, and irregular hypopigmentation peripheral to the optic disk margin, in G1 compared with G3. OH locates the hWJ-MSCs solution in the vitreous in front of the optic nerve. OCT revealed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) reduction in all groups, reduced optic cup volume in G2 and G3 between weeks 1 and 9, and significant ganglion cell layer thickness reduction in G1 and a slight increase in G3.

Conclusion: Intravitreal hWJ-MSCs injection produced changes in optic cup volume, which were detected early on by OCT; however, RNFL could not be restored in this OH model.

Keywords: glaucoma, mesenchymal stromal cell, ocular hypertension, optic nerve head, optical coherence tomography, rabbit.
Perdas Cognitivas e Depressão em Idosos Institucionalizados: Uma Relação Possível?
Authors: Souza Larissa Alves de , Prodócimo Nayara Fileni , Silva Áquila Negrini da , Souza Isabella Soares de , Carvalho Paula Ferreira de Araújo , Pereira Andriele Franco , Laurito Natalia Sartore , Palhavã Carla Terezinha
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a relação entre as perdas cognitivas e a depressão experimentada por idosos institucionalizados. Para tanto, a pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso foi adotada como método. Tendo como participantes seis idosos com idade acima de 60 anos residentes em uma ILPI (Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos), situada no sul de Minas Gerais. Como técnica, adotou-se a entrevista não estruturada, além da aplicação do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI-II). Foram realizadas as correções e análises dos testes, integrando todos os resultados a fim de levantar a relação entre depressão e perdas cognitivas. Como resultado, evidenciou-se a relevância da participação da família na vida do idoso, que é uma das maiores causas da sensação de abandono e consequente desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos. Além disso, compreendeu-se a importância da equipe de trabalho da ILPI que precisa ser sensível a demanda de cada idoso em sua singularidade. A relação (correlação) entre perdas cognitivas e depressão não se estabeleceu nesses casos em específico.
Primary Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance: a case report
Authors: Larina I. I. , Makazan N. V. , Ivashchenko K. V. , Platonova N. M. , Orlova E. M. , Kareva M. A. , Sozaeva L. S. , Yukina M. Yu. , Tulpakov A. N. , Dukhanin A. S. , Shimanovskii N. L. , Troshina E. A.
Published: February 2024

Primary glucocorticoid resistance (OMIM 615962) is a rare endocrinologic condition caused by resistance of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) to glucocorticoids (GR) and characterised by general or partial insensitivity of target organs to GK. Compensatory activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-andrenal axis results in development of a various pathological conditions caused by overstimulation of adrenal glands. Clinical spectrum may range from asymptomatic cases to severe cases of mineralocorticoid and/or androgen excess. At present time, primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance has been exclusively associated with defects in the NR3C1 gene. Here, we present a case report of an adolescent patient with clinical presentation of glucocorticoid resistance confirmed by detailed endocrinologic evaluation but no confirmed mutations in the NR3C1 gene.
Association between preoperative cholecalciferol therapy and hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Elfimova A. R. , Eremkina A. K. , Rebrova O. Yu. , Kovaleva E. V. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a endocrine disorder characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from parathyroid gland tumors. Parathyroidectomy (PTE) is the main treatment for PHPT, but it can lead to hypocalcemia in up to 46% of cases. Hypocalcemia is associated with seizures and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, and vitamin D deficiency can exacerbate PHPT severity and contribute to «hungry bones syndrome,» resulting in severe and persistent postoperative hypocalcemia.

AIM: To evaluate the association and determine the strength of the relationship between preoperative cholecalciferol therapy and the occurrence of hypocalcemia within 1–3 days after PTE in patients with PHPT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the Endocrinology Research Centre, during the periods of 1993–2010 and 2017–2020. The inclusion criteria consisted of patients diagnosed with PHPT who required PTE, had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level below 20 ng/mL, and a serum total calcium level below 3 mmol/L. The exclusion criterion was the use of medications that affect calcium-phosphorus metabolism, including cinacalcet, denosumab, or bisphosphonates, either as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy.

RESULTS: There were 117 patients, including 110 (94%) females and 7 (6%) males. The median age and interquartile range were 58 [49; 65] years. Among the participants, 21 (18%) received cholecalciferol supplementation for a duration of 2 weeks to 2 months prior to PTE, aiming to address vitamin D deficiency. The remaining 96 (82%) participants did not receive ­cholecalciferol supplementation. Both groups, i.e., participants receiving cholecalciferol and those who did not, were similar in terms of anthropometric factors (sex and age at the time of surgery), preoperative clinical characteristics (BMD decrease), and laboratory parameters (PTH, total calcium, phosphorus, ALP, OC, CTX-1, and 25(OH)D levels). The occurrence of postoperative hypocalcemia was significantly lower in participants who received cholecalciferol supplementation (10% vs. 63%, p<0,001, FET2). Cholecalciferol intake showed a negative association with hypocalcemia development (RR=0,15, 95% CI (0,03; 0,51)).

CONCLUSION: Preoperative cholecalciferol supplementation for 2 weeks to 2 months before PTE reduces the risk of postoperative hypocalcemia in patients with PHPT by 2–33 times.
GAMS, DERLA und Data Science
Authors: Galka Selina , Stoff Sebastian
Published: February 2024

Als digitale Edition am GAMS erfüllt DERLA (Digitale Erinnerungslandschaft) die nötigen Grundvoraussetzungen für die Anwendung aussagekräftiger digitaler Methoden. Dabei stellt DERLA nicht nur Werkzeuge zur Analyse der erfassten Erinnerungsorte bereit, sondern garantiert auch die Verwendung von nachhaltigen Forschungsdaten in den bereitgestellten Anwendungen. Über das GAMS können archivierte Forschungsdaten auch für eigene Untersuchungen weiterverwendet werden, wodurch DERLA einen wesentlichen Baustein zur nachhaltigen weiteren Erforschung österreichischer Zeitgeschichte mit Hilfe digitaler Methoden liefert und liefern kann.
Global Classroom
Authors: Brownlie Siobhan
Published: February 2024

In this paper Brownlie discusses a module entitled 'Global Classroom'. There are three participating universities: Le Mans Université, France where the module is part of the Masters in International Cultural Studies; the University of Pretoria, South Africa; and Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado, São Paulo, Brazil; participants from the latter two universities are fourth year students in political science. In order to facilitate communication, the module operates via the video-conferencing platform Zoom. Each week focuses on a particular topic, for example, green action, media and misinformation, democracy in action, national elections and youth attitudes, with guest speakers, student presentations and discussion. The paper defines and is structured by four concepts/practices: "small cultures", "postdigitality", "virtual exchange", and "postdigital critical cosmopolitanism." The Global Classroom module is analyzed through the prism of these concepts/practices. With respect to virtual exchange and postdigital critical cosmopolitanism, it is found that the module partially equates with these concepts/practices. It is suggested that in future iterations of the module, particular choices with respect to topic and task design could better allow students to develop intercultural skills and self-reflection.
Doing Crossing Boundaries
Authors: Dinkelaker Jörg
Published: February 2024

This chapter discusses adult education as a translational practice. Adopting a performative perspective adult education is described as an endeavor of boundary-crossing. Within this conceptual framework, two distinctive configurations emerge, highlighting the interplay of translation and participation. Within the first configuration, termed 'cross-boundary communication,' ideas or objects from one semiotic context are skillfully translated to become comprehensible and accessible in another. Within the second configuration, denoted as 'cross-boundary participation,' individuals from outside a specific semiotic context are empowered to effectively engage and participate within it. The discussion delves into the interrelation of these two configurations when occasions of adult education are accomplished.
El trabajo de grado: descripción semiodiscursiva
Authors: Bolívar Orellana Ana Cristina , Díaz Blanca Lourdes
Published: February 2024

En la dirección del análisis de géneros académicos, el propósito de este artículo es describir las normas psicosociales y discursivas que determinan, en parte, el proceso de producción y recepción del Trabajo de Grado de Maestría en el contexto de la comunidad Lingüística. A tal fin, se examina un corpus compuesto por doce (12) TG de Maestría en Lingüística de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador y la Universidad del Zulia. Los datos se interpretan bajo el enfoque semiodiscursivo de Charaudeau (2003, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012). Como conclusión tenemos que, desde la instancia de producción, el tesista informa el contenido de su investigación y trata de convencer a tutor y jurados en cuanto a la existencia de un nicho de investigación, competencias para desarrollar el estudio, cumplimiento de criterios para la construcción del texto e idoneidad de sus decisiones temáticas, teóricas y metodológicas. Desde la instancia de recepción, el tutor y los jurados tienen la intención de evaluar. A partir de allí, el enunciador contrae dos roles discursivos: informativo y demostrativo. Por lo tanto, elige el modo de organización argumentativo por la necesidad de lograr legitimidad, aceptación y adhesión favorable para que el TG sea aprobado.
PERBANDINGAN METODE LVQ DAN BACKPROPAGATION UNTUK KLASIFIKASI STATUS GIZI ANAK DI KECAMATAN SANGKUP
Authors: Alamri Fahima , Ningsih Setia , Djakaria Ismail , Wungguli Djihad , K. Hasan Isran
Published: February 2024

The problem of children nutrition isi still a problem in various regions in Indonesia. Poor or poor nutrition of children is influenced by several factors, namely insufficient food intake and infectious diseases. Undernutrition or poor nutrition can be known from the nutritional status assessment obtained from classifying the nutrional status of children. Classification is a part of data mining that is often used to classify data based on certain data or variables. This study aims to compare the classification of the nutritional status of children using data mining with the learning vector quantization (LVQ) and backpropagation methods. Test were carried out using a comparasion ratio of training and testing data, namely 75% and 25%. From the research results, LVQ is superior with an accuracy of 95.12% and backpropagation of 80.49%.
PERAMALAN INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (IHSG) MENGGUNAKAN MODEL INTERVENSI FUNGSI PULSE
Authors: Rosilawati Elsa Dwi , Tarno Tarno , Wuryandari Triastuti
Published: February 2024

The intervention model is one model that is frequently used to explain how interventions from both internal and external sources can lead to dramatic fluctuations in a time series of data. The Composite Stock Price Index, known as the IDX Composite, is an index that tracks all stock price performance. For the Composite Stock Price Index from 2 October 2020 to 6 June 2022, daily close price data are used in this study. The data showed a sharp reduction starting on 9 May 2020 (T=386) and lasting for the following 4 days, which made the pulse function the likely intervention model. Rising interest rates and high inflation figures from the United States are to blame for the drop in IDX Composite close price. In addition, a lot of profit-taking was done because of the Eid holidays and the expectation of a substantial increase in COVID-19. The best intervention model created is ARIMA ([3],1,0) with an intervention order of b=0, r=0, and s=11, which can then be used to forecast Composite Stock Price Index for the following period. This is based on the outcomes and analyses. The sMAPE value in the research utilizing this model was 0.98%, suggesting very strong forecasting capabilities.
PEMODELAN ANTAR VARIABEL EKONOMI SECARA SIMULTAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (VECM)
Authors: Halim Rossa Fitria , Sudarno Sudarno , Tarno Tarno
Published: February 2024

The movement of the Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG) is influenced by internal factors such as inflation, the BI Rate, exchange rate, and external factors consisting of world gold prices and world crude oil prices. The six economic variables have a relationship simultaneously. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) which has non-stationary but has a long-term cointegration. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cointegration among economic variables and determine the model of economic variables. Data for the variables is monthly data for the period January 2012 to December 2021 which has fulfilled stationarity at first level of difference. The optimum lag chosen is lag 1 so that the model to be used is VECM(1) and the resulting VAR system has less than one modulus for the VAR to be stable. Johansen's cointegration test yielded 5 cointegrations, so each short-term period adjusts simultaneously and tends to adjust with each other to achieve long-term equilibrium. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value in the evaluation of model accuracy ranges below 10%, so the model’s performance is very good.
Agentenbasierte Verhandlung für kooperative Transporte in der Flugzeugmontage
Authors: Gehlhoff Felix , Nabizada Hamied , Elkhateeb Ahmed , Lepolotec Christian , Röhrig Martin , Fay Alexander
Published: February 2024

Agentensysteme werden seit vielen Jahrzehnten eingesetzt, um Aufgaben wie die Zuordnungs- und Reihenfolgeplanung in komplexen industriellen Systemen zu übernehmen. Das am häufigsten verwendete Koordinationsverfahren dabei ist das Contract Net Protokoll, ein einfaches, aber leistungsstarkes Auktionsprotokoll, auf welchem auch die Protokolle der I4.0-Sprache basieren. Die Zuordnung von Transportprozessen zu autonomen Transporteinheiten, welche in der Flugzeugmontage zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen, ist ein wichtiger Aspekt der Steuerung industrieller Systeme. Er erfordert flexible und zuverlässige Ansätze, einschließlich zuverlässiger Kommunikation und Ausführung von Prozessen, für die bestehende Agenten-Frameworks nicht ausreichen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt aktuelle Bestrebungen, ein ROS2-basiertes Agenten-Framework zu entwickeln, und schlägt auf Basis einer kurzen taxonomischen Einordnung kooperativer Transporte einen Ansatz zur Fähigkeitsmodellierung sowie ein geeignetes Verhandlungsprotokoll für kooperative Transportprozesse vor. Außerdem wird eine Implementierung vorgestellt, die es ermöglicht, agentenbasierte Verhandlungen in einem reinen ROS2-Framework zu realisieren.
CILS4NEPS – Unlocking Research Potential Through More Participants, More Schools and International Comparison: Harmonized Data for Research on Education, School-to-work Transition and Integration Processes for Adolescents in Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and England
Authors: Dollmann Jörg , Arnold Lena , Horr Andreas
Published: February 2024

The CILS4NEPS project combined and harmonized panel data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU) and Starting Cohort 4 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS SC4). This unlocks additional research potential beyond the scope of both individual datasets by increasing sample sizes and enabling international comparisons of the NEPS data. Both, the combined dataset as well as additional material to reproduce and expand the harmonization are available to users. In this article, we will first introduce the individual datasets and their comparability and describe the steps of the harmonization process. Furthermore, we will present the comparable content between both surveys, the structure of the harmonized dataset, and weighting issues. Subsequently, we provide descriptive statistics, the analytical potential, and information on data access. Lastly, we will finish with an outlook on the continuing harmonization of CILS4EU and NEPS SC4.
Growth hormone treatment in children with short stature: impact of the diagnosis on parents
Authors: Witt Stefanie , Bloemeke Janika , Bullinger Monika , Dörr Helmuth-Günther , Silva Neuza , Quitmann Julia Hannah
Published: February 2024

Objectives

This prospective multicenter study aimed (1) to examine changes in parent-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with short stature and the effects of the children’s condition on parents themselves within the first year of human growth hormone (hGH) treatment and (2) to predict effects on parents based on main and interaction effects of children’s HRQOL and increase in height.

Methods

A total of 110 parents of children aged 4–18 years, diagnosed with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency, small for gestational age, or idiopathic short stature, were recruited from 11 participating German pediatric endocrinologists and asked to fill out the short stature-specific Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY) Questionnaire before hGH treatment was initiated and one year later.

Results

Negative effects of the children’s short stature on the parents decrease over time, independent of diagnosis and treatment status. Furthermore, treatment status and height increase moderated the links between children’s improved HRQOL as perceived by their parents and decreased caregiving burden.

Conclusions

Based on the children’s improved HRQOL and the parent’s decrease in caregiving burden, patient-reported outcomes that consider parental and child’s perspectives should be considered when deciding on hGH treatment for children.
Semiosic Translation: a Bayesian-heuristic theory of translation and translating
Authors: Torres-Martínez Sergio
Published: February 2024

In the context of Semiosic Translation, two elements are essential for a translation to emerge: the body–brain–context interface (extended mind) and the sign systems making up a translation output. In this paper, I explain how a renewed view of the body as a Bayesian-heuristic Semiotic Prior helps to understand in a more holistic manner the motivations and agentive character of translation, defined herein as a phenomenological grasp of the world. Central to the present proposal is the idea that bodily self-stabilization (homeostasis) and brain-driven correction (allostasis) provide translator-agents with maps of action upon the world that are semiotic in nature. All this occurs thanks to information weighing (Bayesian) and cue-driven (heuristic) types of inference whereby exteroceptive (exogenous) and interoceptive (inner-body) signals converge to create a sense of bodily awareness responsible for the construction of the symbolic persona (the translator-agent).
Advanced visual components inspired by animal eyes
Authors: Chang Sehui , Kong Duk-Jo , Song Young Min
Published: February 2024

Artificial vision systems pervade our daily lives as a foremost sensing apparatus in various digital technologies, from smartphones to autonomous cars and robotics. The broad range of applications for conventional vision systems requires facile adaptation under extreme and dynamic visual environments. However, these current needs have complicated individual visual components for high-quality image acquisition and processing, which indeed leads to a decline in efficiency in the overall system. Here, we review recent advancements in visual components for high-performance visual processing based on strategies of biological eyes that execute diverse imaging functionalities and sophisticated visual processes with simple and concise ocular structures. This review first covers the structures and functions of biological eyes (i.e., single-lens eyes and compound eyes), which contain micro-optic components and nanophotonic structures. After that, we focus on their inspirations in imaging optics/photonics, light-trapping and filtering components, and retinomorphic devices. We discuss the remaining challenges and notable biological structures waiting to be implemented.
Bedeutung queersensibler Gesundheitsversorgung für LSBTIQ*
Authors: Depping Melissa
Published: February 2024

Diskriminierungserfahrungen im Gesundheitssystem sind für lesbische, schwule, bisexuelle, trans*, inter* und queere Menschen (LSBTIQ*) keine Seltenheit. Aufgrund von reeller oder befürchteter Pathologisierung, der Angst vor Vorurteilen oder bereits negativer Erfahrungen, meiden queere Personen häufig medizinische Behandlungen. Um die Zugangschancen zur Gesundheitsversorgung für LSBTIQ* zu erhöhen, bedarf es queersensibler Strukturen und queerspezifisches Fachwissen.
Gesundheitliche Verhältnisse verändern durch Community Forschung im Bochumer Stadtteillabor
Authors: Falge Christiane , Betscher Silke
Published: February 2024

Gesundheitliche Prävention und gute Versorgung basieren häufig auf groben Rastern statistischer Daten, und es fehlt an diversitätssensiblen Konzepten. Mit dem Stadtteillabor Bochum- Hustadt ist ein nachhaltiges Modell entstanden, wie gesundheitliche Bedarfe kleinräumig und partizipativ mit multidiversen Communities erhoben, die Versorgung vor Ort durch konkrete Interventionen verbessert sowie Teilhabe und Empowerment befördert werden können.
Diversität in der pflegerischen Versorgung
Authors: Schenk Liane , Krobisch Verena , Schneider Anna , Peppler Lisa
Published: February 2024

Die pflegerische Versorgung ist infolge von Migrationsprozessen durch eine zunehmende Diversität gekennzeichnet. Studien zeigen, dass sich dies direkt auf die stationären wie ambulanten Pflegearrangements auswirkt und Interaktionen zwischen Pflegepersonal und zu Pflegenden ebenso wie Kommunikation und Kooperation innerhalb von Pflegeteams umfasst. Eine diversitätssensible Organisationsentwicklung muss damit zusammenhängende Herausforderungen systematischbearbeiten.
Desmin’s conformational modulation by hydrophobicity
Authors: Kural Mangıt Ecem , Cevheroğlu Orkun , Dinçer Pervin
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Nucleocytoplasmic transport is one of the key features in regulation of cellular physiology. Developing a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins can broaden our perspective and understanding on the elaborate sorting mechanisms within cells. Desmin is a muscle specific intermediate filament with amphiphilic properties and has interactions with the components of the nuclear pore complex which facilitates the transport between the cytoplasm and nucleus. The study aims to develop a better understanding of the amphiphilic nature of desmin and its relation to nucleocytoplasmic transport.

Methods

We conducted a proteomic analysis of desmin-immunoprecipitates to identify the nuclear partners of desmin. Additionally, we analysed the amphiphilic nature of desmin using a hydrophobicity assay to determine if it can undergo conformational changes to adapt to a hydrophobic environment.

Results

Using proteomic and in silico analysis we demonstrated that desmin interacts with several nups. The hydrophobicity assay results showed that desmin can increase its surface hydrophobicity in a hydrophobic environment.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that desmin has the ability to undergo conformational changes under favourable conditions and possibly can be transported through nucleus via direct interaction with nups. Further analysis is required to understand the functional implications of this conformational change in vivo. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD047121.
Preparation of fluorinated zirconia doped with tin oxide nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in contaminated water bodies
Authors: Karuppaiya Vanasundari , Arangarajan Viji , Rajendran Vijayakumar , Kim Ikhyun , Hasan Imran , Paramasivam Sivaprakash
Published: February 2024

In this study, a novel SnO2–Zr–F nanostructured composite was successfully synthesized through a mild chemical reaction. The crystalline nature of the composite was characterized using XRD, revealing an average crystalline size of 28.31 nm. FE-SEM images illustrated an agglomerated spherical morphology with appropriate elemental ratios. The optical properties of the nanocomposite are identified by UV–vis spectroscopy with Tauc plot, and the calculated bandgap is 2 eV. Photocatalytic activity was assessed against cationic (Rhodamine B) and anionic (Eosin yellow) dyes under sunlight for 150 min, resulting in a maximum degradation efficiency of 92 % and 98 %, respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial performance of the composite was evaluated against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. The findings suggest that the prepared nanocomposite exhibits promising potential for environmental applications, showcasing its efficacy in both photocatalytic and antibacterial domains.
Genetics of Performance and Injury: Considerations for the Strength and Conditioning Coach
Authors: Brazier Jon , Turner Anthony , Antrobus Mark
Published: February 2024

Genetic profiling and direct-to-consumer genetic testing have seen exponential growth in the past decade, driven by advancements in knowledge and technology making genetic information far more accessible to the population. Specifically in the sports industry, there are claims that the results from these tests can inform training and dietary practices and even identify children's athletic talents. However, in some cases, how this information is being used or promoted can be far removed from the evidence base. Because of this, anyone involved in the sports industry, such as strength and conditioning coaches, sports scientists, coaches, and parents, need to have a sound grasp of what can and cannot be taken from genetic tests. Thus, the purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of genetics and heredity, highlight some of the key genetic findings to date regarding athletic performance and injury, and then finally provide context as to how this information can be used.
Application of Digital Marker Extensometry to Determine the True Stress-Strain Behavior of Irradiated Metals and Alloys
Authors: Gusev M. N. , Maksimkin O. P. , Osipov I. S. , Garner F. A.
Published: February 2024

To study the mechanisms of deformation hardening and flow localization of radioactive materials, a noncontact “digital marker extensometry” technique has been employed. It allows researchers to easily define plasticity parameters and true stresses in experiments where highly radioactive miniature specimens are used. The engineering and “true stress-true local strain” relationships of irradiated metal polycrystals during plastic flow and hardening have been investigated experimentally after irradiation in two reactors in Kazakhstan. The true curves were obtained for copper, nickel, iron, molybdenum, as well as for the Russian stainless steels 08Cr16Ni11Mo3 and 12Cr18Ni10Ti. Describing these curves using the equation σi = σ0 + kεi, demonstrates that the concept of ultimate stress in highly irradiated materials is an artifact arising from flow localization and is not fully informative of the operating hardening mechanisms.
Crack Arrest Testing Using Small Wide Plate SE(T) Specimens
Authors: Link Richard E. , Roe Charles
Published: February 2024

A greatly scaled-down version of the wide plate crack arrest test has been developed to characterize the crack arrest performance of a high strength, low alloy (HSLA) steel alloy in the upper region of the ductile-brittle transition. The specimen is a single-edge notched, 152 mm wide by 19 mm thick by 910 mm long plate subjected to a strong thermal gradient and a tensile loading. The thermal gradient is required to arrest the crack at temperatures high in the transition region, close to the expected service temperature for crack arrest applications in surface ships. Strain gages are placed along the crack path to obtain crack position and crack velocity data, and this data, along with the applied loading is combined in a “generation mode” analysis using finite element analysis to obtain a dynamic analysis of the crack arrest event. A prior investigation demonstrated the feasibility of the technique and this investigation was devised to obtain a larger dataset of crack arrest toughness values of an HSLA-100 steel plate to better characterize the upper transition crack arrest performance of this alloy. Brittle crack initiation, significant cleavage crack propagation, and subsequent crack arrest was achieved in all eight of the tests conducted in this investigation. The cleavage cracks were observed to propagate at nearly constant velocity, typically in the range of 350–400 m∕s before arresting abruptly. A crack arrest master curve approach was used to characterize the fracture toughness and a crack arrest reference temperature, TKIA = −136°C was determined for the HSLA-100 plate. This corresponded to a shift in the crack initiation reference temperature of +36°C. The shift in reference temperature was much less than that observed for low Ni steel alloys.
Effect of Ta Rich Inclusions and Microstructure Change during Precracking on Bimodal Fracture of Reduced-Activation Ferritic∕Martensitic Steels Observed in Transition Range
Authors: Tanigawa Hiroyasu , Sokolov Mikhail A. , Sawahata Atsushi , Hashimoto Naoyuki , Ando Masami , Shiba Kiyoyuki , Enomoto Masato , Klueh Ronald L.
Published: February 2024

The master curve method for analyzing fracture toughness data depends on the assumption that the fracture initiation points are homogeneously distributed and fracture initiation is independent of test temperature. The reduced-activation ferritic∕martensitic steels, such as F82H (Fe-8Cr-2W-0.2V-0.04Ta), form Al2O3-Ta(V,Ti)O composite inclusions and its distribution is not homogeneous throughout one heat, and this microstructural inhomogeneity appears to be correlated with bimodal facture of F82H in the transition range. To investigate this possibility, 1TCT fracture toughness specimens of F82H-IEA steel were fatigue precracked and sliced through the specimen thickness for microstructure analysis around the crack. It was found that the crack penetration was straight in the beginning, and then tended to follow a prior austenite grain boundary and finally to branch into two or three different directions. In addition, the microstructures around the crack and ahead of the crack formed a cell structure and became softer than nearby regions, which is typical for fatigue-loaded F82H. Possible mechanisms for how this cell structure ahead of cracks affects fracture toughness are suggested.
Application of Subsize Specimens for Irradiation Embrittlement Monitoring of VVER-440∕213 RPV Steels
Authors: Nikolaev Yu. A. , Nikolaeva A. V.
Published: February 2024

Results of VVER-440∕213 reactor pressure vessel (RPV) surveillance specimens studies showed that all surveillance impact bend specimens were irradiation with a lead factor more than 20 compared to irradiation of the pressure vessel inner surface. This is a special problem of radiation embrittlement assessment for VVER-440∕213 RPV materials. Prediction of radiation embrittlement of RPV materials using surveillance specimens is efficient on the basis of accelerated irradiation compared to irradiation of the RPV inner surface. However, the lead factor, which is the ratio of neutron flux affecting surveillance specimens to neutron flux affecting the RPV inner surface in the maximum irradiated zone, should be not too high, when acceleration of steel irradiation would not cause qualitative changes in physical processes of irradiation damage. It is generally assumed that irradiation with a lead factor less than 3–6 provides adequate assessment of radiation embrittlement dependence on the damage dose. In the top part of the chains with VVER-440∕213 surveillance specimens, fast neutron flux decreases ∼20 times and the top capsules are irradiated with a neutron flux range close to the flux maximum on the inner surface of the reactor pressure vessel; i.e., the lead factor there is around 1. This concerns both reactors with full core and with dummies on the periphery of the core. The gradient of the neutron flux in the top and bottom parts of chains is great enough; hence, the volume of homogeneously irradiated metal is low. However, there is an opportunity to use material from the top capsules of irradiation sets for correct evaluation of the transition temperature using subsize specimens. As surveillance specimens in the top capsules are irradiated at the same conditions as the pressure vessel, their study allows precise determination of radiation embrittlement of RPV materials. The results of studies of irradiation embrittlement of VVER-440∕213 RPV steels using subsize specimens are discussed.
Determination of Transferable Lower-Bound Fracture Toughness from Small Specimens
Authors: Schindler Hans-Jakob , Kalkhof Dietmar , Tipping Philip
Published: February 2024

The master-curve (MC) enables fracture toughness to be measured in the ductile-to-brittle temperature (DBT) regime of ferritic steels using small specimens. However, MC application to structural components remains unclear in some areas. Vital issues of regulatory concern are the differences in the reference temperature T0 obtained from specimens of different sizes and shapes, the extension of the MC into the upper transition range, and the acceptability, or not, of a given level of failure probability to be used in the analysis of safety-relevant components [e.g., nuclear power reactor pressure vessel (RPV)]. Based on general theoretical considerations, the existence of a deterministic temperature-dependent lower bound of KIc or KJc is postulated. It can serve to provide conservative fracture toughness values as required in a screening analysis, which is usually the first step of a fracture mechanics analysis of a structural component. A simple method to determine this lower bound from the reference temperature T0 is presented. Furthermore, since testing of small specimens, like in precracked Charpy (PCC) tests, often leads to E1921-invalid data, an alternative procedure to estimate the MC is suggested that can use the invalid data. The practicability of the method is shown by a few examples. Based on the same method, a lower-bound of dynamic fracture toughness can be estimated from Charpy data sets. Combined with an empirical temperature shift, the lower bound of static fracture toughness can be estimated as well.
APLICAÇÃO DA IOT EM ANÁLISE PREDITIVA DE FALHAS
Authors: Strauss Edilberto , Junior Manoel Villas Bôas , De Oliveira Maurício Pereira , Lemos Alexandre Manuel Oliveira , Abreu Pereira Ana Gabriella Amorim
Published: February 2024

Desde a publicação do Plano Nacional de Internet das Coisas no Brasil em 2019, a tecnologia tem sido objeto de interesse pelas administrações públicas, principalmente voltada para a melhoria dos seus processos internos, aproveitando suas inúmeras aplicações e potenciais. Este artigo apresenta o resultado de uma Prova de Conceito que testa a hipótese de se utilizar os dados de monitoramento energético de uma solução de IoT instalada experimentalmente em diversas agências de um banco público, capaz de subsidiar a tomada de decisão através de uma análise preditiva de falhas, com o objetivo de identificar tempestivamente o momento para acionamento da manutenção dos equipamentos de ar condicionado, antes da ocorrência da falha ou defeito, utilizando técnicas de exploração dos dados, desenvolvimento e validação de um modelo de previsão, bem como propõe uma arquitetura de referência e um pipeline de dados a fim de subsidiar uma futura aplicação em escala.
Proactive Versus Reactive Control Strategies Differentially Mediate Alcohol Drinking in Male Wistars and P Rats
Authors: Morningstar M. D. , Timme N. M. , Ma B. , Cornwell E. , Galbari T. , Lapish C. C.
Published: February 2024

Problematic alcohol consumption is associated with deficits in decision-making and alterations in prefrontal cortex neural activity likely contribute. We hypothesized that the differences in cognitive control would be evident between male Wistars and a model of genetic risk: alcohol-preferring P rats. Cognitive control is split into proactive and reactive components. Proactive control maintains goal-directed behavior independent of a stimulus, whereas reactive control elicits goal-directed behavior at the time of a stimulus. We hypothesized that Wistars would show proactive control over alcohol seeking whereas P rats would show reactive control over alcohol seeking. Neural activity was recorded from the prefrontal cortex during an alcohol seeking task with two session types. On congruent sessions, the conditioned stimulus (CS+) was on the same side as alcohol access. Incongruent sessions presented alcohol opposite the CS+. Wistars, but not P rats, made more incorrect approaches during incongruent sessions, suggesting that Wistars utilized the previously learned rule. This motivated the hypothesis that neural activity reflecting proactive control would be observable in Wistars but not P rats. While P rats showed differences in neural activity at times of alcohol access, Wistars showed differences prior to approaching the sipper. These results support our hypothesis that Wistars are more likely to engage in proactive cognitive control strategies whereas P rats are more likely to engage in reactive cognitive control strategies. Although P rats were bred to prefer alcohol, the differences in cognitive control may reflect a sequela of behaviors that mirror those in humans at risk for an AUD.
Assessing spontaneous categorical processing of visual shapes via frequency-tagging EEG
Authors: Overwalle Jaana Van , Donck Stephanie Van der , Cruys Sander Van de , Boets Bart , Wagemans Johan
Published: February 2024

Categorization is an essential cognitive and perceptual process, which happens spontaneously. However, earlier research often neglected the spontaneous nature of this process by mainly adopting explicit tasks in behavioural or neuroimaging paradigms. Here, we use frequency-tagging (FT) during electroencephalography (EEG) in 22 healthy human participants (both male and female) as a direct approach to pinpoint spontaneous visual categorical processing. Starting from schematic natural visual stimuli, we created morph sequences comprising 11 equal steps. Mirroring a behavioural categorical perceptiondiscriminationparadigm, we administered an FT-EEG oddball paradigm, assessing neural sensitivity for equally sized differences within and between stimulus categories. Likewise, mirroring a behavioural categoryclassificationparadigm, we administered a sweep FT-EEG oddball paradigm, sweeping from one end of the morph sequence to the other, thereby allowing us to objectively pinpoint the neural category boundary. We found that FT-EEG can implicitly measure categorical processing and discrimination. More specifically, we could derive an objective neural index of the required level to differentiate between the two categories, and this neural index showed the typical marker of categorical perception (i.e., stronger discrimination across as compared to within categories). The neural findings of the implicit paradigms were also validated using an explicit behavioural task. These results provide evidence that FT-EEG can be used as an objective tool to measure discrimination and categorization and that the human brain inherently and spontaneously (without any conscious or decisional processes) uses higher-level meaningful categorization information to interpret ambiguous (morph) shapes.

Significance StatementEvery time when we encounter a new image or object, we will automatically relate it to previously stored categories. This categorization process allows us to efficiently react on new information and it influences our perception. The behavioural hallmark of categorical perception entails that we perceive differences between categories more distinctly than within a category. Previous research has mainly investigated categorical processing using explicit tasks. Here, we use carefully controlled morphs with implicit, neural electroencephalography measures to assess spontaneous categorical processing. We found higher neural amplitudes for “between”- than “within”-category morph pairs, establishing a neural correlate of categorical perception. This provides evidence that the brain inherently and automatically uses higher-level meaningful categorization information to interpret ambiguous shapes.
SÜT VE SÜT ÜRÜNLERİNDE MİKROPLASTİK VARLIĞI, SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ VE MİKROPLASTİK AYIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ
Authors: Halıcı Demir Fatmagül , Damar İrem , Yılmaz Emel
Published: February 2024

Plastikler kolay işlenebilir, dayanıklı, hafif ve ucuz olması gibi özellikleri nedeniyle günlük yaşamın vazgeçilmez malzemelerinden biridir. Gıda sektöründe özellikle ürünlerin ambalajlanması ve taşınması gibi konulardaki avantajları nedeniyle sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Kullanılan plastikler çeşitli çevresel faktörlerle mikroplastik olarak adlandırılan daha küçük parçacıklar halinde doğada serbest kalmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar bu parçacıkların havada, suda ve gıdalarda bulunduğunu göstermiştir. İnsanlarda, kanda ve organlarda da tespit edildiği için mikroplastiklerin insan sağlığı üzerindeki olası etkileri endişe uyandırmaktadır. Mikroplastiklerin hem çevre hem de insan sağlığı için küresel bir tehdit haline geldiği göz önüne alındığında, mikroplastiklerin gıdaya olan kontaminasyon kaynaklarının belirlenmesi, kontaminasyonu etkileyen faktörlerin irdelenmesi ve gıdalardaki miktarlarının belirlenmesi için yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi gereklidir. Bu derlemede mikroplastik kavramının açıklanması, mikroplastiklerin sağlık üzerine olan etkileri ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların özetlenmesi, gıdalarda özellikle süt ve süt ürünlerindeki mikroplastik varlığı ve kontaminasyon kaynakları ile ilgili bilgilerin toplanması ve gıdalarda mikroplastiklerin tespitinde ayırma aşamasında kullanılan yöntemlerin kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenerek sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
Developing Student Heuristic Characterizations to Help Them “Bond” with Organic Chemistry
Authors: Mirkin Philip
Published: February 2024

The volume of content and abstract nature of organic chemistry is challenging and potentially intimidating for students. I describe a strategy for facilitating student development of heuristic tools for engaging with the subject. By using experimental and researched data on carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, the bulk chemical elements of organic chemistry, my students were encouraged to develop a “character reference” for each. The heuristics of characterization enabled them to relate more easily and engage more creatively with the work, including when working with complex organic molecules later on. I used this approach when teaching carbohydrates, alcohols, fats and proteins to 12- to 14-year-old students.