bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Victoria Memorial Hall, India: engineering, architecture, conservation and modernisation
Authors: Sen Hirak K
Published: February 2020

Located in Kolkata, Victoria Memorial Hall is the most famous monument of British India. This paper recalls the history of the memorial and describes its engineering. It reports the environmental degradation that occurred to the building in the past decades and records the repairs carried out by the authorities to rectify such degradation. Next, it contends that the architecture of the memorial belongs to the Neoclassical European genre. It refutes that the building is in Indo-Saracenic style, which many commentators claim speciously. Thirdly, it proposes that the authorities may like to study the feasibility of installing one or more tower air purifiers within its precincts to bring down air pollutants to below the values stipulated in the national standards. Such installation would minimise air-pollutant-induced degradation and thereby help conserve the building. Finally, this paper suggests that the authorities may study the feasibility of constructing large additional areas, either over ground or below ground, depending on the outcome of the feasibility study. Such additional areas should be used to provide modern visitor facilities that meet international standards and to install a few new galleries to raise the display ratio of artefacts in its stock.
Afrodescendientes, racialización y políticas de las sensibilidades en Argentina
Authors: Cervio Ana Lucía
Published: February 2020

Este artículo indaga algunas conexiones entre políticas de las sensibilidades y prácticas de racialización. Tomando por caso la problemática de afrodescendientes en Argentina, el propósito general es ofrecer una discusión sobre las sensibilidades, entendidas como estructuras del sentir que traducen las tramas de la dominación social en la vida cotidiana. Desde esta perspectiva, interesa analizar cómo las sensibilidades interceden en las prácticas de racialización que acompañan y hacen posible el desarrollo capitalista en sus aspiraciones neocoloniales. Asumir este posicionamiento teórico supone considerar que las sensibilidades regulan, entre otros aspectos, los modos racializados de observar/sentir/percibir el mundo que tienen los sujetos, y que se ponen en juego en forma radical en contextos interculturales.

Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, en primer lugar, se presenta el abordaje teórico-epistémico que orienta al análisis, discutiendo un conjunto de inflexiones analíticas que conectan las prácticas de racialización con las políticas de las sensibilidades. Seguidamente, con base en un análisis documental-bibliográfico, se exploran las clasificaciones raciales y sociales operantes en Argentina, indagando en los procesos de subalternidad configurados en torno a la figura del “negro” desde el surgimiento del Estado-Nación hasta la actualidad. Se concluye que el “maniqueísmo categorial” imperante en las clasificaciones raciales, junto con la “negrificación” del mundo subalterno que se afianza desde mediados del siglo XX, tornan relevante la discusión sobre la interculturalidad como problema epistémico y proyecto político.
DNA extraction protocol for the eastern banjo frog using the Gentra Puregene Tissue Kit v1
Authors: Li Qiye
Published: February 2020

Genomic DNA was extracted from the liver of an adult female Limnodynastes dumerilii dumerilii using the Gentra Puregene Tissue Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) with modifications as outlined in this protocol.
FUZZY LOGIC-BASED ALGORITHM RESOURCE SCHEDULING FOR IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Authors: Zavvar Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Cloud computing is an important infrastructure for distributed systems with the main objective of reducing the use of resources. In a cloud environment, users may face thousands of resources to run each task. However, allocation of resources to tasks by the user is an impossible endeavor. Accurate scheduling of system resources results in their optimal use as well as an increase in the reliability of cloud computing. This study designed a system based on fuzzy logic and followed by an introduction of an efficient and precise algorithm for scheduling resources for improving the reliability of cloud computing. Waiting and turnaround times of the proposed method were compared to those of previous works. In the proposed method, the waiting time is equal to 26.99 and the turnaround time is equal to 82.99. According to the results, the proposed method outperforms other methods in terms of waiting time and turnaround time as well as accuracy.
GENERATING A MALAY SENTIMENT LEXICON BASED ON WORDNET
Authors: Alexander Nur Sharmini
Published: February 2020

Sentiment lexicon is a list of vocabularies that consists of positive and negative words. In opinion mining, sentiment lexicon is one of the important source in text polarity classification task in sentiment analysis model. Studies in Malay sentiment analysis is increasing since the volume of sentiment data is growing on social media. Therefore, requirement in Malay sentiment lexicon is high. However, Malay sentiment lexicon development is a difficult task due to the scarcity of Malay language resource. Thus, various approaches and techniques are used to generate sentiment lexicon. The objective of this paper is to develop Malay sentiment lexicon generation algorithm based on WordNet. In this study, the method is to map the WordNet Bahasa with English WordNet to get the offset value of a seed set of sentiment words. The seed set is used to generate the synonym and antonym semantic relation in English WordNet. The highest result achives 86.58% agreement with human annotators and 91.31% F1-measure in word polarity classification. The result shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to generate Malay sentiment lexicon based on WordNet.
LEGAL MECHANISMS OF MINIMIZATION OF PROJECT RISKS ARISING WITHIN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT FINANCE
Authors: Vygovskyy O. I.
Published: February 2020

This article examines, classifies and categorizes various types of project risks inherent to international project finance and discusses legal techniques employed by the key participants of project finance to mitigate each of these risks based on thorough examination of project documentation typically elaborated for this purpose. It covers both commercial (internal and external) and non-commercial risks, in particular, completion risk, risk of excess expenditure, operational risk, environmental risk, risk of insufficient revenues, supply risk, currency risk, inflation risk, interest rate risk and others. The author argues that non-commercial risks, including political or country risks, present even greater peril for an international project and offers a complex of protective legal measures which could be used for diminishing such risks in the long run. The conclusions formulated at the end of the article present the author’s personal attitude towards legal solution of the problem of minimization of the project risks arising within international project finance.
Key words: project finance, project company, commercial risks, non-commercial risks, contractual remedies.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN KONSEP DAN STRUKTUR PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA SERTA PERBAIKANNYA MENGGUNAKAN WAWANCARA BERBASIS KONFLIK KOGNITIF PADA TOPIK IKATAN KIMIA
Authors: Sudana Yuski , Subandi Subandi , Santoso Aman
Published: February 2020

Abstract: Analysis of Students’ Misconceptions and Knowledge Structure and Their Improve­ments Using Cognitive Conflict-Based Interview on Chemical Bond Topic. The aims of this mixed-method study are to investigate (1) the types of students’ misconceptions in chemical bonding topics, measured using a two-tier diagnostic test as well as a concept-map test, (2) the students’ knowledge structures, and (3) the effectiveness of cognitive-conflict based interviews to remedy students’ miscon­ceptions and to improve the level of students’ knowledge structures. This study involved the first-semester students majoring in chemistry. The results show that (1) there are 10 types of students’ mis­conceptions in chemical bonding topics, with the conformity level of misconception identification of 50.94% (moderate) between the concept-map test and the two-tier diagnostic test is (2) most of the stu­dents (66.67%) have a low level of knowledge structures, and (3) cognitive-conflict based interviews are found to be effective in dealing with students’  misconceptions and in improving  their knowledge structures.Abstrak: Analisis Kesalahan Konsep dan Struktur Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Serta Perbaikannya Menggunakan Wawancara Berbasis Konflik Kognitif pada Topik Ikatan Kimia. Tujuan pene­litian ini adalah untuk mengetahui 1) jenis-jenis kesalahan konsep mahasiswa pada topik ikatan kimia, baik yang diidentifikasi menggunakan tes two tier, maupun yang menggunakan tes peta konsep (2) struktur pengetahuan mahasiswa, dan (3) keefektifan wawancara berbasis konflik kognitif dalam mem­perbaiki kesalahan konsep dan struktur pengetahuan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian campuran (mixed-methods) dengan subject penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester 1 jurusan kimia yang telah memperoleh materi ikatan kimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat 10 jenis kesalahan konsep mahasiswa pada topik ikatan kimia, tingkat kesesuaian identifikasi kesalahan konsep menggunakan tes peta konsep dengan tes diagnostik two-tier rata-rata sebesar 50,94% (sedang), (2) se­bagian besar mahasiswa (66,67%) memiliki struktur pengetahuan yang rendah dan dan (3) wawancara berbasis konflik kognitif efektif dalam memperbaiki kesalahan konsep dan struktur pengetahuan maha­siswa.
A clinical case of long-term successful treatment of chronic respiratory failure in a patient with congenital kyphoscoliosis
Authors: Tsvetkova O. A. , Abdullayeva G. B. , Voronkova O. O. , Pal’man A. D.
Published: February 2020

A clinical case of a female patient of 44 years old with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) and alveolar hypoventilation caused by congenital kyphoscoliosis is described in this article. Noninvasive ventilation was initiated using bilevel positive air pressure (BiPAP) with the controlled minimal respiratory rate (the ST mode). The respiratory support was preformed around-the-clock with short breaks for eating and taking hygienic procedures; later, the respiratory support was administered at nighttime only combined with low-flow oxygen 3 to 4 L followed by the decrease of the oxygen flow to 2 L. Such treatment allowed active lifestyle including travelling and teaching. The patient was followed-up for 4 years. Nighttime oxygenation disorders are typical in severe kyphoscoliosis and precede the development of CRF at daytime. Noninvasive respiratory support can improve pulmonary ventilation during night sleep and gas exchange at waking time. Unfortunately, respiratory support is used very rarely in patients with stable CRF, as some physicians consider this treatment only in critical and terminal conditions.
Modification of cysteine residues for mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis: facts and artifacts
Authors: Kuznetsova K.G. , Solovyeva E.M. , Kuzikov A.V. , Gorshkov M.V. , Moshkovskii S.A.
Published: February 2020

Mass spectrometric proteomic analysis at the sample preparation stage involves the artificial reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins formed between cysteine residues. Such bonds, when preserved in their native state, complicate subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and interpretation of the research results. To prevent the re-formation of the disulfide bonds, cysteine residues are protected by special groups, most often by alkylation. In this review, we consider the methods used to modify cysteine residues during sample preparation, as well as possible artifacts of this stage. Particularly, adverse reactions of the alkylating agents with other amino acid residues are described. The most common alkylating compound used to protect cysteine residues in mass spectrometric proteomic analysis is iodoacetamide. However, an analysis of the literature in this area indicates that this reagent causes more adverse reactions than other agents used, such as chloroacetamide and acrylamide. The latter can be recommended for wider use. In the review we also discuss the features of the cysteine residue modifications and their influence on the efficiency of the search for post-translational modifications and protein products of single nucleotide substitutions.
La cosa de uso colectivo en los primeros niveles sociales: sociedad de banda y sociedad segmentaria
Authors: Díez Palacios Diego
Published: February 2020

Este artículo pretende estudiar la cosa de uso colectivo en los dos primeros niveles que atraviesa la sociedad desde su origen —sociedad de bandas y sociedad segmentaria— al tiempo que extraer sus notas informadoras para estos periodos. Esta investigación servirá para comprender de un modo completo la expresión de la cosa colectiva en tiempos históricos. La finalidad de este estudio es abordar de un modo completo la futura investigación de la cosa de uso colectivo en la experiencia jurídica romana donde se encuentra el fundamento histórico de nuestra actual institución jurídica del dominio público.
El panel de mediadores: un recurso para la mediación intrajudicial
Authors: Ruiz García María José
Published: February 2020

La derivación a sesión informativa de mediación por los Tribunales de Justicia requiere la configuración de un panel de los profesionales de la mediación por partidos judiciales que facilite de forma inmediata el acceso a la información tanto a los tribunales como a los ciudadanos. Presentamos una propuesta de configuración de un panel de mediadores intrajudiciales que acompaña a una dinámica de derivación judicial a sesión informativa de mediación profesional, en el ámbito civil y mercantil conforme a las Guías para la Mediación publicadas por el Consejo General del Poder Judicial.
Анализ распределения видов флоры по высотным поясам восточной части Скалистого хребта между реками Терек и Аргун
Authors: Тайсумов М.А. , Умаров М.У. , Астамирова М.А.-М. , Багмет Л.В. , Байбатырова Э.Р.
Published: February 2020

В статье приводятся результаты исследований по инвентаризации флоры восточной части Скалистого хребта между реками Терек и Аргун. Их целью является оценка их экологической приуроченности и разработка вопросов сохранения биоразнообразия в регионе. Выявлены общие черты в формировании соответствующих петрофильных флор высокогорий Большого Кавказа. Изучение спектров экологических групп показало, что во всех поясах доминируют гемикриптофиты. Это подтверждает умеренно-арктический облик петрофильных комплексов исследуемого района. При этом прослеживается тенденция к повышению в биологических спектрах доли видов с высокоадаптированными жизненными формами. Установлены широкие пределы изменчивости уровня облигатности петрофитных видов по отношению к субстрату. Показано высотно-поясное распределение 151 вида флоры петрофитов восточной части Скалистого хребта между реками Терек и Аргун: 99 видов выявлены в семиаридном поясе, 62 вида приурочены к лесному поясу, 85 относятся к субальпийскому поясу и 52 вида – к альпийскому.
La Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología y la educación médica en medicina basada en la evidencia
Authors: Gaitán D. Hernando
Published: February 2020

En el presente número y a partir del mismo, la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología se propone publicar una serie de artículos de educación médica con el objetivo de capacitar a nuestros lectores en la comprensión de los conceptos básicos y en la interpretación y aplicación de los estimadores epidemiológicos más utilizados en la medicina basada en la evidencia (MBE).Algunos colegas consideran que el uso de la MBE es poco conveniente porque: no reconoce la experiencia como fuente de conocimiento, su complejidad requiere sólidos conocimientos de epidemiología clínica para una correcta interpretación y aplicación de los estimadores epidemiológicos, ha complicado el ejercicio de la medicina actual e incrementa los costos.1
Estados hiperandrogénicos: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Villarreal-Tordecilla Gustavo Alfonso
Published: February 2020

Objetivos: realizar una revisión de la fisiopatología, la etiología, el cuadro clínico, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los estados hiperandrogénicos.Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en PubMed/Medline para recopilar información publicada tanto en inglés como en español desde el año 1990 a 2009. Después, se eligieron artículos de investigación en hiperandrogenismo que evaluaran la fisiopatología, la etiología, el cuadro clínico, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los estados hiperandrogénicos, usando finalmente resúmenes para llevar a cabo el análisis.Resultados: el exceso de andrógenos se puede producir por una alteración en el transporte, en la respuesta final, por el bloqueo de su transformación en estrógenos y por la administración exógena. Asimismo, éstos tienen su origen principalmente en los ovarios y las glándulas suprarrenales, expresándose clínicamente en tres aspectos diferentes: unidad pilosebácea y desórdenes reproductivos y metabólicos. Estos estados repercuten negativamente a nivel estético, reproductivo, metabólico y cardio vascular, por lo cual es necesario realizar un perfil hormonal y estudios de imagen con el fin de obtener un diagnóstico. Además, en algunas entidades existe un tratamiento específico, mientras que en otras el manejo está orientado a la sintomatología predominante.Conclusiones: la fisiopatología y la etiología del exceso de andrógenos son muy variadas. Debido al cuadro clínico y a las consecuencias que esta entidad genera, se requiere estudio y manejo multidisciplinario.
PERSPECTIVITY OF THE APPLICATION OF MEDICAL SULPHIDE-SILT MUD “TINAKSKAYA” IN GYNECOLOGICAL PRACTICE (BASED ON LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Sinchikhin Sergey P. , Stepanyan L. V , Tsurigova Z. A , Muradkhanova N. A , Chernikina O. G , Kuz’mina M. A
Published: February 2020

The article presents data on the therapeutic properties of sulphide-silt mud “Tinakskaya” extracted from the Healing Lake located in the Astrakhan region of the Russian Federation. Data on the positive effect of this mud in the treatment of various diseases are presented. The perspectivity of more active use of sulphide-silt mud “Tinakskaya” in gynecological practice is shown.
An Alternative Diagnostic Procedure for Meta-Regression
Authors: Abuzaid Ali Hassan , Abed Enass , Atta Abdu , Mahdi Esam
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes an alternative procedure for detecting outliers in meta-regression using the penalized maximum likelihood with smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty function. The coordinate descent algorithm is implemented to estimate the parameters where the cross-validation criterion is used to determine the tuning parameter. Extensive simulation experiments demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed procedure as well as its improved power performance compared to previous procedures. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance has a direct relationship with the number of studies and an inverse relationship with the heterogeneity between studies. An illustrative application with real data, implementing the proposed procedure and others, is given.
FONKSİYONEL DERECELENDİRİLMİŞ GÖZENEKLİ KİRİŞLERİN SERBEST TİTREŞİM ANALİZİ
Authors: TAŞKIN Vedat , DEMİRHAN Pınar Aydan
Published: February 2020

Malzeme
özelliklerinde kesit boyunca sürekliliği sağlayan fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş
malzemeler tabakalı kompozitlerin yerini almaya başlamıştır. Fonksiyonel
derecelendirilmiş malzemelerin üretimi esnasında malzeme içinde bir miktar
gözeneğin hapsolduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada gözenekli fonksiyonel
derecelendirilmiş kirişlerin serbest titreşim analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Malzeme özelliklerinin kesit boyunca değişimi karışımlar kuralı yoluyla tanımlanırken,
gözeneklilik oranı bir katsayı ile ilave edilmiştir. Gözenekli fonksiyonel
derecelendirilmiş kiriş denklemi Hamilton prensibi ile elde edilmiş, basit
destekli kiriş için Navier yaklaşımı kullanılarak çözüm elde edilmiştir. Doğal
frekans değerlerinin kiriş kalınlığı, hacimsel değişim üsteli, gözeneklilik
dağılımı ve oranı ile değişimi incelenmiştir. Elde edilen değerlerin
literatürle uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.
Casas de turma da ferrovia do contestado, Santa Catarina
Authors: Lino Jaisson Teixeira , Matias Everson Semler , Araujo Fabio
Published: February 2020

Pelo prisma arqueológico o presente artigo discute a contribuição histórica das casas de turmas, habitações destinadas a abrigar os funcionários responsáveis pela construção e manutenção da Linha Sul da ferrovia que ligou São Paulo ao Rio Grande do Sul, na segunda década do século XX. Não apenas a lente – da arqueologia – utilizada para analisar o passado é distinta, como é distinta também a parcela de personagens sobre a qual este estudo se debruça: os funcionários da Estrada de Ferro São Paulo – Rio Grande. Fazer emergir algum subsídio histórico, para a melhor investigação e consequente compreensão da industrialização da região do Contestado, no meio oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, tanto das casas de turmas quanto dos turmeiros é o objetivo deste artigo. Para tanto, as reflexões contidas neste estudo projetam-se sobre dois elementos basilares: um alicerce bibliográfico e um alicerce arqueológico. As casas de turma foram estruturas habitacionais construídas ao longo da via-férrea e que serviram como moradia para famílias de trabalhadores deste empreendimento, seja durante a construção, seja durante a manutenção da ferrovia já em funcionamento.
Os artefatos arqueológicos podem jogar?
Authors: Daltro de Viveiros Pina Amanda
Published: February 2020

Destaca a utilização de elementos arqueológicos no campo digital e a influência dos jogos eletrônicos no tocante à teoria arqueológica. Analisa os estudos acerca da cultura material em espaços imateriais, elucidando o que seriam os pixels e de que forma eles estão inseridos na vida humana e, por conseguinte, na Arqueologia. Tem por objetivo compreender as variadas formas que o patrimônio arqueológico se apresenta em contextos palpáveis e não palpáveis. O estudo de caso pauta-se em um jogo arqueológico desenvolvido pelo Laboratório de Arqueologia Romana Provincial da Universidade de São Paulo intitulado “O Último Banquete em Herculano”. Finaliza com uma reflexão sobre a aplicação da teoria ciberarqueológica no contexto do jogo arqueológico apresentado como estudo de caso.
As pós-graduações do IPHAN como termômetro da gestão do patrimônio arqueológico
Authors: Campos Luana , Saladino Alejandra , Motta Lia , Sorgine Juliana
Published: February 2020

A partir da observação das vagas de alunos oferecidas por unidades do IPHAN à Coordenação do Mestrado Profissional em Preservação do Patrimônio Cultural da própria instituição, objetivamos refletir sobre as especificidades e os desafios da formação e atuação dos agentes voltados para a gestão do patrimônio arqueológicos. As análises das demandas apresentadas ao Mestrado, das atividades práticas supervisionada oferecidas pelas unidades institucionais, do corpo discente selecionado e a reflexão sobre os objetivos do curso, conteúdo programático e recursos metodológicos aplicados na disciplina do Mestrado, intitulada “Patrimônio Arqueológico: legislação e pesquisa”, confirmam a vocação transdisciplinar da gestão do patrimônio arqueológico e o desafio de adequar os tópicos específicos da Arqueologia para torná-los acessíveis e aplicáveis por parte dos recém-formados agentes patrimoniais cultural nos seus postos de atuação.
Editorial
Authors: Campos Luana , Saladino Alejandra
Published: February 2020

No período que compreende o último quartel do século XX e a primeira década do subsequente, é possível perceber importantes processos endógenos e exógenos ao campo do patrimônio cultural que resultaram em mudanças significativas tanto na produção de conhecimento arqueológico brasileiro quanto na preservação dos objetos de estudo da Arqueologia.
The EFFECT OF SCALE CATEGORY NUMBER ON ACCURACY OF PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF MATHEMATICAL SELF-EFFICACY SCALE
Authors: Setiadi Iwan , Kamaruddin Erdawaty , Soeprijanto
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical data about the effect of the number of scale categories on the accuracy of the predictive validity of the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale between those using a scale of three categories of answers and a scale of five categories of answers. This research uses a quantitative method of comparative study. The population in this study were all students of Madrasah Aliyah (Islamic High School) class XI IPA in North Jakarta in the academic year 2019/2020. Sampling was done by simple random sampling and there were 230 students from six public and private Madrasah Aliyah. The instruments used were tests and non-tests. The test instrument was in the form of a Mathematics learning achievement test and a non-test instrument in the form of a Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale. The research hypothesis was tested using a t-test. The results showed that the average standard error of estimating the predictive validity of the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale using the five answer categories scale was lower than the scale of the three answer categories. The conclusion of the study is the predictive validity of the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale which uses a five-answer category scale that is more accurate in predicting mathematics learning outcomes.
Perbandingan Tingkat Pemahaman Asma’ul Husna antara Metode Hanifida dengan Metode Konvensional bagi Siswa SMA
Authors: Julinah Julinah
Published: February 2020

The aims of the study are: 1) Determining the level of understanding of the Divine Name for students taught using methods hanifida. 2) Determining the level of understanding of the Divine Name for students taught using conventional methods. 3) Knowing a significant difference in the level of understanding of the Divine Name for the students taught with hanifida method and the students taught by conventional method. This research is a quantitative research design that uses one-group comparative pretest posttest design. The research approach used in this study is a comparative approach by comparing the 2 methods used as an experiment. The population in this study were all students of SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda counted 1010. The taking sampling technique used is purposive sampling, i.e. taking class X IPA 1 IPA 2, both classes were sampled by reason of that class have been using hanifida method and conventional method in learning process about the Divine Name in the subject matter of Islamic Religion. Data collection technique used is observation and objective tests. Techniques used in data prerequisite test analysis is normality test, homogeneity test, chi square and hypothesis testing. The results of this study is that the level of understanding of the Divine Name by students taught by using hanifida is very effective. This is proofed by the findings that the average score of conventional method is lower than using hanifida method.  The score is 72.13% for and 81.57%.
Pengaruh Minat Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akademik dan Non Akademik Bagi Siswa pada Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Kota Samarinda
Authors: Amrullah Amrullah
Published: February 2020

This research is based on the phenomenon in the field which shows that there is an influence of interest in learning on academic achievement and non-academic achievement for students at the Madrasah Aliyah (MA) of Samarinda City. This study aims to describe the influence of interest in learning on academic achievement and the effect of academic achievement on non-academic achievement for students at the Madrasah Aliyah (MA) in Samarinda city. The study population was all students of the madrasah aliyah (MA) in the city of Samarinda, totaling 2262 students. The sample was set at 663 students who sat in class XI. the determination of madrasas is determined through purposive sampling. While the selection of respondents was done using a multi-stage sampling technique which was set at 87 students (respondents). Data collection uses questionnaires, while data analysis techniques use multiple correlation analysis. The results showed that the influence of partial interest in learning contributed to a correlation of 6% with academic achievement. This means that the students of Aliyah Madrasah in Samarinda have a very strong interest in learning about academic achievement. The hypothesis which states the existence of a correlation that has significance between the influence of interest in learning and academic achievement is accepted the truth, as evidenced by the value of t count = 2.327 and the distribution table t = -3.3324. Because t counts ˃t table then H0 is rejected. At a significant level Sig.0,001 and α = 0,05 were obtained. Because α = 0.05˃ Sig. = 0.001, then H0 is rejected and the effect of partial interest in learning has a correlation of 12.1% with non-academic achievements. This means that students of the Aliyah Madrasah in Samarinda have a good or very strong interest in learning about non-academic achievements. The hypothesis which states the existence of a correlation that is significant between the influence of interest in learning and non-academic achievement is accepted, as evidenced by the value of t count = 34.20 and the distribution table t = -3.3324. Because t counts ˃t table then H0 is rejected. At a significant level Sig.0,001 and α = 0,05 were obtained. Because α = 0.05˃ Sig. = 0.001, then H0 is rejected.
Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Mahasiswa Program Studi PGMI IAIN Samarinda: Studi pada Mahasiswa yang Mengajar di Sekolah Dasar dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Samarinda
Authors: Kadir Marniati , Rukiyah Ity
Published: February 2020

The research is about basic skills of teaching of Islamic Elementary School Teacher Education (PGMI) Department of Samarinda. The research objective is to describe the ability of basic skills of teaching of PGMI students who have taught at elementary school and Islamic Elementary School of Samarinda in academic year 2017-2018. The skills include the skill of opening and closing the lesson, explaining, giving affirmation, having variation, asking and organizing the class. The research method is a descriptive method. The data collection technique is using the methods of observation, interview, and documentation. Then, the data is analyzed descriptively through percentage and the ideal average of each component of the basic skills of teaching. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that the ability of basic skills of teaching are on a good criteria, they are: the skill of opening and closing the lesson (the average score is 26,25 or 72,91%), affirmation skill (the average score is 19,52 or 69,91%), asking skill (the average score is 17,75 or 73,95%), and the skill of organizing the class (the average score is 26,50 or 73,61%), and there are two skills in the category of enough, they are explaining skill (the average score is 17,37 or 62,03%) and having variation skill (the average score is 17,00 or 60,70%).  Next is needed a more comprehensive study related to the students’ skill at the department of PGMI, so that the information and the findings will be a consideration in the efforts of increasing the students competency of PGMI department of IAIN Samarinda.
Comparison of Chemical-Component Transport in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using Dual-Porosity and Multiple-Interacting-Continua Models
Authors: Al-Rudaini Ali , Geiger Sebastian , Mackay Eric , Maier Christine , Pola Jackson
Published: February 2020

We propose a workflow to optimize the configuration of multiple-interacting-continua (MINC) models and overcome the limitations of the classical dual-porosity (DP) model when simulating chemical-component-transport processes during two-phase flow. Our new approach captures the evolution of the saturation and concentration fronts inside the matrix, which is key to design more effective chemical enhanced-oil-recovery (CEOR) projects in naturally fractured reservoirs. Our workflow is intuitive and derived from the simple concept that fine-scale single-porosity (SP) models capture fracture/matrix interaction accurately; it can hence be easily applied in any reservoir simulator with MINC capabilities. Results from the fine-scale SP model are translated into an equivalent MINC model that yields more accurate results compared with a classical DP model for oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition; for example, in a water-wet (WW) case, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) improves from 0.123 to 0.034. In general, improved simulation results can be obtained when selecting five or fewer shells in the MINC model. However, the actual number of shells is case specific. The largest improvement in accuracy is observed for cases where the matrix permeability is low and fracture/matrix transfer remains in a transient state for a prolonged time. The novelty of our approach is the simplicity of defining shells for a MINC model such that the chemical-component-transport process in naturally fractured reservoirs can be predicted more accurately, especially in cases where the matrix has low permeability. Hence, the improved MINC model is particularly suitable to model chemical-component transport, key to many CEOR processes, in (tight) fractured carbonates.
Pressure Transients in Reservoirs with Stochastic Fractal Geometry Patterns
Authors: Abbaszadeh Maghsood
Published: February 2020

This paper presents pressure transient behavior in reservoirs with stochastic fractal geometry patterns. When a fractal object is embedded in an Euclidean porous medium, permeability and porosity variations in the medium are power functions of radial distance from wells. A three-region composite model, where the middle region is fractal, is proposed for these systems and an analytical solution for pressure transients is derived. A field pressure buildup test from a reservoir with deep damage problems is analyzed by this composite fractal model.

Pressure transients in 1-D heterogeneous reservoirs with statistical fractal correlation functions of fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and fractional Gaussian noise (fGn) are also studied, using a radially multicomposite model. Well test-derived effective permeabilities of multiple heterogeneity realizations are found to be close to the harmonic average of permeability distributions.
An Engineering Appraisal of Small Diameter Hole Drilling in Soft Rock Operations
Authors: Faulk J.H.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 207, 1956, pages 80–87.Paper presented at Petroleum Branch Fall Meeting in New Orleans, Oct. 2–5, 1955.

An examination is made of the various factors influencing drilling rate and drill bit life in various diameter holes. It is concluded that drill bits in the size range 4 3/4 to 6 1/4 in can be used to attain substantially the same daily drilling progress as conventional size bits of soft rock drilling operations.

An examination of the most important factors influencing "hazard of losing the hole" in the different hole sizes results in the conclusion that the smaller hole sizes can probably be drilled at reasonably low risk. However, this risk will be somewhat greater in the smaller diameter holes, requiring that special drilling and mud engineering practices be used to make small diameter holes practicable in soft rock drilling operations.

An engineering analysis is made of the power and hydraulic requirements of several drill string-hole size combinations to test the feasibility of drilling small diameter holes in soft rock areas. Large economies in rig power requirements appear possible by drilling smaller size holes in these operations.

Introduction

For many years the industry has talked about and made sporadic attempts to exploit small diameter holes. Lack of sufficient technological progress was apparently responsible for many earlier failures. The industry now is re-examining the utility of small diameter holes in the light of substantial technical advances made in recent years. Faced with increasing cost of finding reserves and with proration after developing them, the industry must either develop methods of economizing or receive a lower rate of return on investments. Small diameter holes appear to involve an attractive method of economizing. Our objective is to determine if this is technically possible in soft rock operations. Soft rock, as used in this report refers to those formations of a "drillability" corresponding to that of all Gulf Coast formations shallower than and frequently including much of the Eocene rock system.
An Accelerated Squeeze-Cementing Technique
Authors: Dumbauld G.K. , Perry D. , Binkley G.W. , Brooks F.A.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 25–29.

A new cementing technique has been developed which is particularly applicable to permanent-type well completion operations. The technique makes use of the accelerating effect of calcium chloride on setting time and strength development of cement cake deposited in squeeze cementing. An unique feature is that the accelerator is applied after the unaccelerated cement slurry has been squeezed and the excess has been reversed from the well.

Laboratory data on the accelerating effect of calcium chloride applied to the filter cakes of three low-water-loss cementing compositions demonstrate that the procedure results in relatively rapid development of strength and impermeability of the cement cake. Simulated squeeze-cementing tests made in the laboratory likewise corroborated the practicality of the procedure. The laboratory tests showed that a newly developed oil-emulsion cementing composition is more susceptible to acceleration of set than are modified cements containing high percentages of bentonite.

The acceleration procedure has been used successfully in field operations.

Introduction

Nature of Problem

In squeeze-cementing operations, a substantial amount of time is consumed in waiting on the cement to develop strength after it has been squeezed into the well. Frequently, an interval of 18 to 24 hours or longer is required for the development of strength sufficient to prevent failure of the cement during subsequent operations in the well. Reduction of this waiting-on-cement time offers appreciable savings both in time and in money.

A particular type of squeeze-cementing operation to which an increasing amount of attention has been given is encountered in permanent-type well completion operations wherein perforations are to be squeezed off. In this procedure, it is customary to pump the cement slurry down the tubing and out into the perforated section through a retractable extension pipe. Squeeze pressure is then applied, which forces the cement slurry into the perforations and causes the build-up of a compact filter cake of cement within the perforations. The excess slurry remaining in the hole is then removed by reverse circulation. The extension pipe is then retracted, and, if a new interval is to be perforated, a perforating gun is run through the tubing. The newly perforated interval may then be tested by swabbing.
Gas Drive and Gravity Drainage Analysis for Pressure Maintenance Operations
Authors: Shreve D.R. , Welch L.W.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 136–143.

An analysis for predicting the behavior of reservoirs exploited by a combined gas drive and gravity drainage mechanism is presented. The method allows the prediction of gas-oil ratio, oil production rate, and cumulative oil recovery for high relief pools in which pressure is maintained either by gas injection in the crest of the structure or by a combined gas and water injection program. The reservoir is represented by a model of communicating vertical prisms, with production or injection at the upper or lower boundaries of each prism. The theory of macroscopic gravitational segregation of two fluids within a reservoir is discussed in detail for all ranges of saturation. A description of an application of the analysis to a typical field problem is also presented.

Introduction

The importance of gravity drainage as a producing mechanism has become more evident during recent years. However, many of the reservoir engineering methods which have been used in the past for predicting the behavior of reservoirs producing by this mechanism have required such drastic, simplifying assumptions that the calculated performance in some cases does not resemble the actual pool behavior.

The mechanism of fluid displacement in porous media has been described by Buckley and Leverett, and a simplified "one zone" method based on this development has been used by engineers to evaluate the performance of gravity drainage pools. Welge has modified this approach so that the calculation time has been markedly decreased. In addition, many other authors have analyzed various phases of the gravity drainage producing mechanism during the past several years.

In a high relief reservoir in which gravity may affect the recovery mechanism, there are two main types of exploitation programs which can be employed:Reservoir pressure is maintained by injecting gas into the upper portions of the reservoir. In this case gas is not released from solution and, if dynamic pressure drops are small compared to the total pressure of the system, the gas and oil may be considered to be immiscible and to have constant fluid characteristics.Reservoir pressure is not maintained and a: "natural depletion" mechanism prevails. The term "natural depletion" can be used to describe the production history of a reservoir in which a gradual decline of average pressure and the associated release of solution gas continue throughout the producing life. In this mechanism gas is released throughout the reservoir and there is a continuous change in the characteristics of both the gas and the oil phases.
Simultaneous Flow of Liquid and Gas Through Horizontal Pipe
Authors: Bertuzzi A.F. , Tek M.R. , Poettman F.H.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 17–24.

A method is presented for predicting pressure drop for two-phase fluid flow in horizontal pipes.

A set of 267 experimental measurements randomly sampled from approximately 1,000 measurements from various literature sources was used. Pressure gradients calculated by the procedure developed and compared with the experimental values showed a bias of +0.82 per cent and a standard deviation of 20.8 per cent.

The advantages of this method over other available methods of predicting two-phase flow pressure drop areits comparative simplicity of application,its relative independence of flow patterns,its accuracy, which on the basis of a statistical evaluation predicts pressure drop closer than other available methods, and,its ability to satisfactorily correlate laboratory data from various sources while the correlations from these sources do not appear to agree with one another.

The method has been reduced to a simplified graphical procedure, suitable for field use.

A two-phase f factor is defined and correlated with parameters involving the flowing gas-liquid mass ratio, a Reynolds number for the gas phase, and a Reynolds number for the liquid phase. The choice of parameters allows the correlation to reduce to the usual f factor plot for the limiting conditions of all gas or all liquid.

Introduction

The mechanics and characteristics of two-phase flow systems have been of interest throughout the industry for some time. In numerous engineering installations such as pipe lines, chemical reactors, and heat exchangers, two-phase flow conditions are of every day occurrence. In oil production operations it has been desirable, in some cases, to consider transporting gas and oil together in a common pipe from oil field to process plant. The trend toward centrally located stock tank batteries in oil fields has resulted in longer gathering pipelines in which more than one fluid phase is flowing.
A Graphic Method of Dipmeter Interpretation Using the Stereo-Net
Authors: De Witte A.J.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 192–199.

Introduction

The importance of determining dips of subsurface formations in wells, especially in wildcat wells, is self-evident and need not be enlarged upon.

Various dipmeter instruments have been described in technical literature over the years. The introduction of the continuous dipmeters has made the earlier types obsolete.

Continuous dipmeter logs are run by at least two different major service companies. Included as part of the service are a limited number of dip calculations -usually 10 - made at different levels from the log. Very frequently this is the total result of a dip survey. It is believed that dipmeter surveys would be of considerably more advantage if geologists and engineers were able to make their own calculations from the original records.

Determination of dips from the dipmeter record starts with the correlation of three log curves taken at different sides of the borehole. It cannot be over-emphasized that the quality of the results hinges primarily on this correlation. Nobody should be better qualified to correlate logs than a subsurface geologist or field engineer.

The next requirement is to have an easy yet accurate way of computing the dip from the correlated points. Service companies use a mechanical device for this purpose. Directions for a graphical method were given in a recent article by B. O. Prescott.

This paper describes a different graphical technique which, in our experience, is simpler, faster and at least as accurate. The entire manipulation is carried out on the stereonet in a number of easy moves.

The paper is divided into two parts. This first part contains the introductory sections and full explanation of the geometry involved. The second part reviews the reading of data from an actual field log and summarizes the practical rules for computation of dips, the whole process being illustrated by an example.

Following the outlined procedure, one could calculate a good many levels in a relatively short time, thus being able in particular to check suspected anomalies such as fault zones or unconformities in as close detail as the log will permit.