bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology and Hemodynamics of Cerebral Arteries and Aneurysms in a Pair of Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Yi Hang , Yang Zifeng , Bramlage Luke C , Bryan Ludwig R
Published: February 2023

The contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the pathophysiology of cerebral aneurysms in monozygotic twins is under-reported and presents ambiguous arguments. The morphology and hemodynamics of neurovascular arteries in a pair of monozygotic twins (MTs) were investigated to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Four arterial models were reconstructed for the twin A-right brain and left brain, twin B-left brain, and B-left brain without anterior cerebral arteries based on preclinical scanned information. Subsequently, the dimensions, configurations and outlined curves of the three-perspective geometries were compared between the MTs. Adopting an in-vitro validated numerical cerebral aneurysm model, hemodynamic patterns were investigated and compared in the MT models, respectively. Morphological comparisons of the MTs show the size and shape of cerebral arteries exist significant differences, despite of the expected genetic similarities. These differences can be attributed to variations during embryological development and external environmental influences. Qualitatively and generally, numerical results indicate the MTs have some hemodynamic similarities (e.g., time-averaged pressure (TAP) distributions (~13400 Pa), and oscillatory shear index (0~0.49), but present significant differences in specific local arteries due to morphological variances. Specifically, the difference in the volumetric blood flow rate in corresponding arteries between the MTs is from 16% (smallest) in anterior choroidal artery (AChA) to 221% (largest) in the ophthalmic artery (OphA), varying with specific compared arteries. Also, the registered hemodynamic indicators, such as the maximum time-averaged wall shear stress (TWSS) (53.6 Pa vs. 37.8 Pa), and different local OSI distributions were observed between the MTs. The findings revealed that morphological variations in MTs could be generated by embryological and environmental factors, thus assuming they share the identical morphology in cardiovascular and neurovascular systems may lead to significant misevaluations in hemodynamics quantifications and further lesions.
Prospects of Microfluidic Technology in Nucleic Acid Detection Approaches
Authors: Mumtaz Zilwa , Rashid Zubia , Ali Ashaq , Arif Afsheen , Ameen Fuad , AlTami Mona S. , Yousaf Muhammad Zubair
Published: February 2023

Conventional diagnostic techniques are based on utilization of analyte sampling, sensing and signalling on separate platforms for detection purposes, that must be evaded and integrated to a single step procedure in point of care (POC) testing devices. Therefore, the trend has been shifted towards utilization of microfluidic platforms for detection of analytes in biochemical, clinical and food technology due to its being expeditious. Microfluidic systems moulded with polymer substances or glass offer specific and sensitive detection of infectious and non-infectious diseases by providing innumerable benefits including less cost, good biological affinity, strong capillary action and simple process of fabrication. In the case of nucleic acid-based nanosensors, there are some challenges that need to be addressed such as cellular lysis, isolation and amplification of nucleic acid required to be accomplished prior to its detection. To avoid utilization of laborious steps for executing these steps, advances have been deployed in this perspective for on-chip sample preparation, amplification and detection which not only improves sensitivity and selectivity but also saves time and resources. This review emphasizes the significance of microfluidic technology for nucleic acid detection of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The implementation of isothermal amplification in concomitance with lateral flow assay greatly increases the binding efficiency of nanoparticles and biomolecules, improves limit of detection and sensitivity. Most importantly deployment of paper-based material made of cellulose reduces the overall cost. Microfluidic technology in nucleic acid testing has been discussed by explicating its applications in different fields. This review concludes with the prospects and proposes future directions in microfluidic based methods in disease diagnosis.
Численный анализ процессов очистки воды в системах замкнутого цикла
Authors: Кудряшова Татьяна Алексеевна , Kudryashova Tat'yana Alekseevna , Поляков Сергей Владимирович , Polyakov Sergey Vladimirovich , Тарасов Никита Игоревич , Tarasov Nikita Igorevich
Published: February 2023

Данная работа посвящена развитию численного подхода к моделированию стадии «тонкой» фильтрации водной среды, следующей за прохождением механических фильтров. На этом этапе очистки водная среда подвергается электромагнитному или тепловому воздействию. Для анализа процессов очистки предлагаются математические модели течения жидкости с учетом тепловых эффектов, эволюции концентрации загрязнителя в условиях развитых конвекционно-диффузионных процессов и при наличии квазистатического электрического поля. Для описания течения водной среды, содержащей частицы твердых мелкодисперсных примесей, используется квазигидродинамическая модель, дополненная уравнениями конвекциидиффузии-реакции. Численная реализация модели в случае трехмерной декартовой геометрии основана на методе конечных объемов на нерегулярных тетраэдральных и призматических сетках и ориентирована на применение параллельных вычислений. В качестве примеров использования разработанной компьютерной технологии моделирования рассмотрены задачи электромагнитной очистки водной среды и загрязнения теплоэлектронагревательного (ТЭН) элемента. В первой задаче рассчитана зависимость концентрации загрязнителя от времени, которая демонстрирует эффект очистки и позволяет оценить ее степень в зависимости от параметров электрического поля. Во второй задаче исследовался процесс образования накипи и последующей регенерации ТЭНа. Проведенные расчеты показывают, как происходит загрязнение ТЭНа и как при воздействии соляной кислоты происходит его очистка. Эти данные позволяют уточнить параметры перспективных установок замкнутого цикла, в которых чередуются циклы нагрева среды и регенерации нагревательных элементов.
Численное определение расщепления собственных частот тонкостенной оболочки с малой неосесимметричностью срединной поверхности
Authors: Нарайкин О С , Naraikin O S , Сорокин Федор Дмитриевич , Sorokin F D , Козубняк Светлана Аркадьевна , Kozubnyak Svetlana Arkad'evna
Published: February 2023

На основе метода возмущений решается задача определения расщепления спектра частот упругой тонкостенной оболочки, геометрия которой слабо отличается от осевой симметрии. Разработаны математическая модель оболочечного упругого элемента, имеющего произвольные малые неосесимметричные погрешности параметров геометрии, и программно-алгоритмический комплекс численного расчeта расщепления его собственных частот. С помощью компьютерной аналитики построены возмущeнные дифференциально-матричные операторы тонкостенной оболочки с произвольными малыми отклонениями от осевой симметрии формы срединной поверхности. Приведены результаты расчeтов конкретных оболочечных упругих элементов.
La vivienda digna en tiempos de pandemia; vulneración reiterada en el confinamiento. Caso colombiano
Authors: Parra Caro Farid Stemberg , Daza N. Lorena
Published: February 2023

La pandemia a causa de la Covid-19 trajo consigo múltiples cuestionamientos acerca de la protección y garantía de los derechos fundamentales en los territorios, un claro ejemplo de ello es lo sucedido en el territorio colombiano. Esto, en cuanto a que el estado de emergencia sanitaria y las declaraciones de confinamiento se permearon en un sinfín de vulneraciones a primacías constitucionales, entre ellas encontramos al derecho fundamental de la vivienda digna en Colombia, derecho el cual se encuentra en el art. 51 de la constitución política de Colombia.
IMPLEMENTASI GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH (GLS) DI SD NEGERI RANON 1 KECAMATAN PAKUNIRAN KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Isyuniandri Dzaky , Agustin Fiana , Prastyaningsih Tri Utami , Lestari Tria Puji , Nisa’ul Ulya Muhimma Yatun
Published: February 2023

GLS yaitu kemampuan menelusuri, mengetahui, dan mendayagunakan benda secara cerdas dengan bermacam-macam aktifitas diantaranya membaca, melihat, mendengar, menulis serta berbicara. GLS dilaksanakan secara global guna mentransformasikan sekolah sebagai tempat pembelajaran yang masyarakatnya melek alfabet selama hidup melalui partisipasi masyarakat (Kemendikbud, 2016). GLS partisipatif menyertakan masyarakat sekolah (siswa, pengajar, kepala sekolah, pengawas sekolah, komite sekolah, orang tua siswa), peneliti, dll). GLS mampu membentuk pergerakan yang bersifat sosial melalui dukungan kerjasama berasal berbagai bidang, sehingga menjadi kenyataan berupa kebiasaan membaca peserta didik. Penyesuaian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan aktivitas membaca 15 menit pra-pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk pengembangan karakter peserta didik melalui penanaman sistem literasi sekolah, yang diimpelentasikan pada GL atau Membaca Sekolah, sebagai akibatnya peserta didik disebut pembelajar sepanjang hayat.
Pengaruh Kadar Hb dan FEV1 terhadap VO2MAX Atlet Softball
Authors: Hariyanti Mila Ayu , Setiakarnawijaya Yasep , Ihsani Sri Indah , Diyananda Dzulfiqar , Yuliana Ela
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap VO2Max atlet Softball dengan menggunakan uji regresi linear. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan pengukuran terhadap VO2Max, Kadar Hb dan Force Expiratory Volume 1 Second (FEV1) setelah sebelumnya diberikan informed consent pada 13 atlet softball yang bersedia menjadi subjek penelitian. Data yang didapat kemudian diproses dan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS. Hasil Analisa dengan menggunakan SPSS didapatkan nilai rata rata VO2Max sebesar 44,58 cc/kg/menit sementara rata rata Kadar Hb dan FEV1 secara berurutan adalah 13,85 mg/dl dan 3,37 L. Hasil uji regresi linear berganda menunjukkan (1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Kadar Hb terhadap VO2Max dengan koefisien beta terstandar sebesar 0,433 dan nilai signifikansi 0,068, (2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan FEV1 terhadap VO2Max dengan koefisien beta terstandar sebesar 0,517 dan nilai signifikasi 0,035 (3) FEV1 memberikan pengaruh yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Kadar Hb terhadap VO2Max atlet Sofball dengan persamaan regresi linear berganda VO2Max= 28,147 +0,7Hb+1,995 FEV1.
In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Tea Againts Gastrointestinal Trematodes in Cattle
Authors: Solehah Kurnia , Tresnani Galuh , Pratama Iman Surya
Published: February 2023

The prevalence rate of trematodosis in cattle is increasing in Bali and Nusa Tenggara, affecting productivity, sale value, and medical expenses. Papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) contained metabolite compounds that had the potential as an anthelmintic for cattle. This study aimed to determine the anthelmintic activity of papaya seed tea and the percentage of gastrointestinal trematodes (Paramphistomum spp.) mortality in cattle. Worms that were actively moving were divided into five groups and applied with some treatments: the negative control (0.9% (w/v) of NaCl solution); the positive control (10% (w/v) Albendazole); and three concentrations of papaya seed tea (2.5, 5, and 10% (w/v)). The death time of 100% Paramphistomum spp. for negative control occurred at the 300th minute, longer than the papaya seed tea treatment, which happened in the 180th minute at a concentration of 2.5% and 210th minutes at 5% and 10% (w/v). Time of death 100% of positive control treatment Albendazole 10% (w/v) was the fastest (30 minutes). The death time parameter of papaya seed tea at the three concentrations significantly differed from Albendazole 10% (w/v) (p<0.05). Therefore, papaya seed tea could potentially be used as an antitrematodal agent to control Paramphistomum spp. in cattle.
Synthesis and Characterization of Co-Polymer (Styrene / Allyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) and Studying some of its thermal properties
Authors: Wadouh Yousef , Ghenem Rana , Khalil Warda , Keshe Mohammad
Published: February 2023

In this research, a Co-polymer (Styrene / Allyl-2.3.4.6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) was synthesized from glucose in four steps using Addition Polymerization according to the radical mechanism using Benzoyl Peroxide (BP) as initiator. Initially, Allyl-2.3.4.6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside monomer was prepared in three steps and the reaction was followed by (HPLC, FT-IR, TLC), in the fourth step the monomer was polymerized with Styrene and the structure was determined by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The reaction conditions (temperature, reaction time, material ratios) were also studied to obtain the highest yield, the relative, specific and reduced viscosity of the prepared polymer was determined, from which the viscosity average molecular weight was calculated, which amounted to about (63,000 g/mol). Thermal properties of the polymer were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and determining the Oxidation Induction Time (OIT).
Modeling and Analyzing the Influence of Fear on the Harvested Modified Leslie-Gower Model
Authors: Jamil Abdul Rahman Mahmoud , Naji Raid Kamel
Published: February 2023

A modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with a Beddington-DeAngelis functional response is proposed and studied. The purpose is to examine the effects of fear and quadratic fixed effort harvesting on the system's dynamic behavior. The model's qualitative properties, such as local equilibria stability, permanence, and global stability, are examined. The analysis of local bifurcation has been studied. It is discovered that the system experiences a saddle-node bifurcation at the survival equilibrium point whereas a transcritical bifurcation occurs at the boundary equilibrium point. Additionally established are the prerequisites for Hopf bifurcation existence. Finally, using MATLAB, a numerical investigation is conducted to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis and visualize the model dynamics.
Estimation of Apelin Levels in Iraqi Patients with Type II Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Jaid Hadel Khalid , Khaleel Fayhaa Muqdad , Salman Isam Noori , Abd Baydaa Ahmed
Published: February 2023

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a chronic and progressive condition, which affects people all around the world. The risk of complications increases with age if the disease is not managed properly. Diabetic neuropathy is caused by excessive blood glucose and lipid levels, resulting in nerve damage. Apelin is a peptide hormone that is found in different human organs, including the central nervous system and adipose tissue. The aim of this study is to estimate Apelin levels in diabetes type 2 and Diabetic peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) Iraqi patients and show the extent of peripheral nerve damage. The current study included 120 participants: 40 patients with Diabetes Mellitus, 40 patients with Diabetic peripheral Neuropathy, and 40 healthy persons as control, the age range of 34-66 years, matched in age and sex. For all groups, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile (Cholesterol, Triglyceride, High-density lipoprotein, Low-density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein), HbA1c, serum total Apelin levels, BMI, and Waist to Hip Ratio were calculated. The results showed highly increase in Apelin levels in neuropathy patients 670.4 ± 41.67 pg/ml compared to diabetes patients 247.6 ± 20.37 pg/ml nd healthy people 208.02 ± 8.30 pg/ml with a P value=0.001. Body Mass Index showed increase in diabetic and neuropathy patients compared with control group 31.05 ± 1.01 kg/m2, 31.05 ± 0.73 kg/m2, versus 23.92 ± 0.16 kg/m2, respectively, with a P value=0.001. The result showed a significant increase in lipid profile with p≤0.05, except HDL which showed a significant decrease p≤0.05. The present study concluded that incremented Apelin levels have an important role in Neuropathy pathogenesis and could determine the extent of peripheral nerve damage by the high levels in the blood due to their presence in the central nervous system. Also, increasing BMI, excessive lipid, and duration of disease showed a progressive role in DM and neuropathy and cause damage to the nerves, and play roles in the development of complications.
Development and Validation of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Community Pharmacy Personnel in Tuberculosis Case Detection, Drug Monitoring, and Education
Authors: Kausar Mersa , Fitriana Efi , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Faruque Md. Omar , Bahar Muh. Akbar , Alfian Sofa , pradipta Ivan S.
Published: February 2023

Background
Validated and standardized structured questionnaires based on psychometric analysis are extremely limited, particularly for assessing community pharmacy personnel's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in tuberculosis (TB) case detection, drug monitoring, and education. We, therefore, developed and validated a questionnaire to assess the KAP of community pharmacy personnel in TB case detection, drug monitoring, and community education.
Methods
This study was conducted in two phases. First, we developed the questionnaire, which included framework development, item generation, item screening, and pre-testing. Second, we validated the questionnaire with 400 participants using various analyses, including participant analysis, individual item content validity index (I-CVI), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI), comparative fit index (CFI), non-normed fit index (NNFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). We determined the reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability using Pearson’s correlation.
Results
In the development phase, we defined 63 items that comprised 18 sociodemographic, 18 knowledge, 18 attitude, and 9 practice items. Across the 63 items, the I-CVI scores of sociodemographic and KAP items were one each. The CFA model parameter values were X2 /df= 2.28; AGFI = 0.95; CFI = 0.99; NNFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.06; and SRMR = 0.03 (p < 0.05 for all). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of KAP items were 0.75, 0.91, and 0.95, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficients of KAP were 0.84, 0.55, and 0.91, respectively (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
This study indicates that the developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the KAP of community pharmacy personnel for TB case detection, drug monitoring, and community education. The questionnaire can identify further strategies to engage community pharmacies in TB prevention and care.
Value of blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging in early evaluation of the response and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy: A preliminary study
Authors: Zheng Huanhuan , Zhang Hailong , Zhu Yan , Wei Xiaolei , Liu Song , Ren Wei
Published: February 2023

Background
To establish a quantitative imaging predictor for evaluation of early treatment response and prognosis to definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods
The R2* values were obtained pre and 2–3 weeks post-dCRT in 28 patients with EC using BOLD MRI. Independent samples t-test (normality) or Mann-Whitney U test (non-normality) was used to compare the differences of R2*-related parameters between the complete response (CR) and the non-CR groups. Diagnostic performance of parameters in predicting response was tested with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan Meier curve, log rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
Results
The post-R2*, ∆R2*, and ∆%R2* in the CR group were significantly higher than those in the non-CR group (P = 0.002, 0.003, and 0.006, respectively). The R2*-related parameters showed good prediction of tumor response, with AUC ranging from 0.813 to 0.872. The 3-year OS rate in patients with ∆R2* >-7.54 s− 1 or CR were significantly longer than those with ∆R2* ≤ -7.54 s− 1 (72.37% vs. 0.00%; Hazard ratio, HR = 0.196; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 0.047–0.807; P = 0.024) or non-CR (76.47% vs. 29.27%; HR = 0.238, 95% CI = 0.059–0.963; P = 0.044).
Conclusions
The preliminary results demonstrated that the R2* value might be a useful hypoxia imaging predictor for response and prognosis of ESCC treated with dCRT. BOLD MRI may be used as a potential tool for evaluating tumor oxygenation metabolism, which is routinely applied in clinical practice and beneficial to clinical decision-making.
Content comparison of the EORTC CAT-Core, SF-36, FACT-G, and PROMIS role and social functioning measures based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Pilz Micha J. , Rothmund Maria , Lidington Emma , Piccinin Claire , Arraras Juan I. , Groenvold Mogens , Holzner Bernhard , Leeuwen Marieke , Petersen Morten Aa. , Schmidt Heike , Young Teresa , Giesinger Johannes M.
Published: February 2023

Objectives
In line with the World Health Organizations’ health definition, patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures frequently cover aspects of social health. Our study aimed to evaluate the role functioning (RF) and social functioning (SF) contents assessed by PRO measures frequently used in cancer patients.
Methods
We analysed the item content of the SF and RF domains of the EORTC CAT Core, the EORTC QLQ-C30, the SF-36, and the FACT-G as well as the PROMIS item bank covering the Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities. Following an established methodology we linked item content to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework.
Results
The content of 85 items was assigned to three ICF components (‘Activities and Participation’, ‘Body Functions’, and ‘Environmental Factors’). The EORTC CAT Core RF items were mostly related to the first-level ICF categories 'Domestic life' and 'Community, social and civic life', while its SF item bank focused on 'Interpersonal interactions and relationships'. These three categories were also covered by the PROMIS social participation item bank. The FACT-G Social/Family scale focused on environmental factors ('Support and Relationships' and 'Attitudes') while the SF-36 Role-physical/emotional scales had a stronger focus on 'General tasks and demands' and 'Major life areas'.
Conclusions
Our results highlight conceptual overlap and differences among PRO measures for the assessment of social health in cancer. This information may help to select the most appropriate measure for a specific setting or study purpose and to better understand the possibilities of linking scores across different PRO measures.
Cultivation and visualization of a methanogen of the phylum Thermoproteota
Authors: Hatzenpichler Roland , Kohtz Anthony , Krukenberg Viola , Petrosian Nickolai , Jay Zackary , Pilhofer Martin
Published: February 2023

Methane is the second most abundant climate-active gas and understanding its sources and sinks is a crucial endeavor in microbiology, biogeochemistry, and climate sciences (1,2). For decades, it was thought that methanogenesis, the ability to conserve energy coupled to methane production, was restricted to a taxonomically and metabolically specialized group of archaea, the Euryarchaeota1. The discovery of marker genes for anaerobic alkane cycling in metagenome-assembled genomes obtained from diverse habitats has led to the hypothesis that archaeal lineages outside the Euryarchaeota are involved in methanogenesis (3-6). Here, we cultured Candidatus Methanosuratincola yellowstonensis, a member of the archaeal phylum Thermoproteota, from a terrestrial hot spring. Growth experiments combined with activity assays, stable isotope tracing, and genomic analyses confirmed that this thermophilic archaeon grows via methyl-reducing hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Cryo-electron tomography revealed that Ca. M. yellowstonensis cells are archaellated coccoid cells that form intercellular bridges, providing two to three cells with a continuous cytoplasm and S-layer. The wide environmental distribution of Ca. M. yellowstonensis suggests that they might play important and hitherto overlooked roles in carbon cycling within diverse anoxic habitats.
Combined intervention of multiple methods to alleviate preoperative anxiety in preschool children undergoing strabismus surgery: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Jin Yuexi , Ye Yingchao , Chen Zhangyan , Wu Wenxin , Jiang Wanna , Jin Zhousheng , Liu Le , Wu Yiquan
Published: February 2023

Background
Preoperative anxiety caused by strabismus surgery has an unpleasant and disturbing feeling for both children and their parents. Preoperative anxiety in children is associated with an adverse postoperative outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the effect, feasibility, and influence on postoperative behavior of three intervention programs in reducing preoperative anxiety in preschool children undergoing strabismus surgery.
Methods
300 children scheduled for elective monocular strabismus correction were divided into 3 groups (n = 100 for each) by random number table method. Children in Group M received 0.1 mg/kg midazolam intravenously in the waiting room. Children in Group C watched cartoons selected by themselves in the waiting room and operating room until five minutes before the induction of anesthesia. Children in Group CM received 0.05 mg/kg midazolam intravenously in the waiting room and watched the selected cartoons continuously in the waiting room and operating room. Children’s preoperative anxiety was determined by the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) at different time points. Cooperative scores during the anesthesia induction period, recovery time, emergence agitation during the recovery period and the postoperative adverse behaviors were recorded.
Result
The mYPAS scores of group CM in the waiting room and before anesthesia induction were lower than those of group C and group M (P < 0.05). The incidence of agitation and adverse behavior in the group CM were lower than group C and group M (P < 0.05). The induction compliance checklist (ICC) scores of group CM and group M were lower than those of group C (P < 0.05). Group M’s recovery time was prolonged (P < 0.05). The anxiety levels in the waiting room and before anesthesia induction were positively correlated with the agitation during the recovery period, and the behavioral changes at 1 week and 1 month after the surgery.
Conclusion
Combining low-dose midazolam with cartoon watching in the waiting area and operating room can safely and effectively minimize preoperative anxiety in preschoolers having strabismus surgery. It was also successful in lowering emergence agitation and postoperative unfavorable behaviors.
Trial registration:
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (NO. 2021-118-K-100-01) and was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 01/10/2021 (http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100051702).
Mapping research to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Kang Weihao , Mu Jingwen
Published: February 2023

The United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet using 17 interlinked global goals commonly known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Mapping research publications in concordance with the SDGs is important in understanding research activities and intensities in supporting each of the SDGs at global, country, institutional, and individual levels. Such mapping is challenging as what research outcomes and innovations belong to a specific SDG category is subject to interpretation and can be highly complex and contextual. Several SDG mapping approaches have been proposed and tested by organisations and researchers, but tend not to produce consistent mapping results. In this study, an enhanced method to conduct SDG research mapping, Auckland Approach, is proposed based on the pioneering SDG mapping work conducted by Elsevier, Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), and United Nations (UN). The Auckland Approach uses text-mining techniques and n-gram analyses to extract global and local SDG keywords from publication metadata (i.e. title, keywords, and abstracts). The keywords are sorted according to the number of publications that contain the terms, and the keywords' term frequency–inverse document frequency (tf-idf) values, respectively. After result validation, the top-ranked terms (i.e., top 200) are manually reviewed to retain keywords that are meaningful and relevant. The selected keywords are combined with those adopted by Elsevier, SDSN, and UN SDG Indicators to form our final SDG keyword lists, and the corresponding bibliometric queries are compiled. The Auckland Approach can capture more publications of the University of Auckland with the enhanced set of SDG keywords and queries than other prevalent SDG mapping approaches. Our approach promotes an SDG mapping that is data-driven, transparent, comprehensive, and contextualised. The Auckland Approach also provides an example of forming local SDG narratives and themes from a generic, global approach to make a research mapping more relevant to its local communities and research priorities.
Vertical Line through the Glabella Point as the Optimized Reference Line of Ideal Maxillary Sagittal Position During Orthognathic Surgery Planning for Chinese Adult Skeletal Malocclusion Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Yang Yan , Chang Shiping , Liang Yuan , Wang Weijia , Tian Lei , Jin Zuolin
Published: February 2023

Objective
This study aimed to confirm whether the forehead of skeletal malocclusion patients could be used as a stable reference to guide diagnosis and orthognathic surgery planning.
Methods
Two parts of case-control study were designed. In first part of the study, three types of skeletal malocclusion patients were included and grouped. The forehead inclination and width were measured and set as the main outcome variables. Multiway ANOVA was performed to detect the statistic difference between skeletal malocclusion types and sex. The component ratio of the patients with the GALL falling directly on the glabella point (Gla) was analyzed. Based on the above results, second part of the study was carried out and the skeletal malocclusion patients who had completed orthodontic and orthognathic treatment were included, which was aimed to verify the values of the vertical line through the Gla as the reference line on diagnosis and guiding orthognathic surgery. Distance between maxillary incisor point and the reference line pre- and post-operation was analyzed as the main outcome variables and using Paired sample t test and one-way ANOVA.
Results
Two hundred forty-four Chinese patients were included in the first part of the study. Forehead inclination and width values showed significant differences between sexes and part of skeletal malocclusion patients. However, the large inclination and small width result in more than 90% of patients with the GALL falling directly on the Gla with no significant difference. In the second part of the study, the data of 149 patients who had completed treatment showed significant difference between the three types of patients about the distance between maxillary incisor point and the Gla reference line and nonsignificant was found after orthognathic surgery; most of the maxillary incisors fell on the line.
Conclusions
The vertical line through the Gla could be used as the reference line of ideal maxillary sagittal position for Chinese malocclusion patients.
Comparison of CT findings between basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and non-basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Seo Yujin , Cha Yoon Ki , Kim Chu Hyun , Chung Myung Jin , Kim Tae Jung , Han Jungho , Lee Jung Hee , Yoon Hyun Jung
Published: February 2023

Background To compare computed tomography (CT) findings between basaloid lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and non-basaloid SCC.
Methods From July 2003 to April 2021, 39 patients with surgically proven basaloid SCC were identified. For comparison, 161 patients with surgically proven non-basaloid SCC from June 2018 to January 2019 were selected consecutively. Clinical features, demographic characteristics, and CT findings were compared using chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test except for differences in means for which Student’s t-test was used. Additionally, Mantel-Haenszel test was performed to control the confounding of the presence of cavitation between basaloid and non-basaloid SCCs with tumors stratified by clinical T staging.
Results Compared with patients with non-basaloid SCC, patients with basaloid SCC had significantly (P<0.001) more frequent respiratory symptoms at the time of presentation. Regarding CT findings, endobronchial tumor growth and obstructive pneumonia or atelectasis were significantly (P=0.028) more common in basaloid SCC than in non-basaloid SCC. Compared with non-basaloid SCC, cavitation was absent (P=0.005) and internal profuse necrosis was significantly (P=0.022) less frequent in basaloid SCC. Furthermore, presence of cavitation consistently showed significant difference after the tumors stratified based on clinical T staging (P=0.015).
Conclusion Basaloid SCC had some CT findings different from non-basaloid SCC. Basaloid SCC showed more frequent endobronchial tumor growth with obstructive pneumonia or atelectasis. Internal profuse necrosis was less common, and cavitation was absent in basaloid SCC compared to non-basaloid SCC.
WITHDRAWN: Quest for Novel Plant based Therapeutic Options Against Dengue Virus NS2B-NS3 protease: An integrative computational methodology
Authors: Mukta Shamsunnahar , Ahmed Tufayel , Banik Anik , Paul Mousumi , Deb Anamika , Zohora Fatama Tous , Ahmed Sheikh Rashel
Published: February 2023

The Dengue virus (DENV) has caused heavy concern worldwide because of its high infectivity and mortality rate. Still, there's no specific drug or preventive medication to treat DENV infection despite comprehensive analysis by the researchers. This study was designed to demonstrate the efficacy of some plant-derived bioactive compounds against DENV by using ligand-based virtual screening methods. A total of 52 plant metabolites and 74 plant peptides were screened on the basis of their reported pharmacological activities against DENV NS2B-NS3 protease(4M9T) employing a molecular docking approach. Furthermore, the ADMET properties were also predicted for screened top candidates i.e., gossypol, theaflavin, cycloviolacin O24,and cycloviolacin H3. Results showed that screened top candidates i.e., gossypol, theaflavin, cycloviolacin O24, and cycloviolacin H3 provide the highest binding affinity to the targeted DENV protein. The Crucial binding sites, as well as drug surfacehotspots were unraveled for viral targeted protein. The analysis of ADME properties exhibited that none of the compounds had side effects that would reduce their drug-like properties. As compared, the toxicity pattern analysis has unmasked the non-toxic essence of screened drug candidates. The NMA analysis revealed the docked complex was compact and it demonstrated its resistance to deformation. These results may lead to the development of effective anti-DENV natural medicines. Further in vivo trials are strongly recommended.
Fournier's Gangrene and fecal diversion. When, in which patients, and what type should I perform?
Authors: Ferrete Ana Ortega , López Enrique , Sáez Luz Divina Juez , García-Pérez Juan Carlos , Ocaña Juan , Ballestero Araceli , Fernández-Cebrián Jose María , Trill Javier Die
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a necrotising fasciitis affecting the perineum and urogenital tissue. The mortality rate is high although early detection and aggressive debridement can reduce mortality by up to 16%. The prevalence of sequelae is very high and a colostomy is often necessary to control the perineal wound.
Material and Methods
A retrospective study was carried out to recruit all patients operated on by the General Surgery and Urology Departments with a diagnosis of GF at the University Hospital over 22 years. Mortality, The Fournier Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI) and fecal diversion (either surgical (colostomy) or straight (Flexi-seal)) are collected.
Results
A total of 149 patients met the inclusion criteria. FG´s most frequent cause was a perianal abscess (107 patients - 72%). 18 patients (12%) died of a specific cause of FG. Age (p=0,014) and patients with an oncological history (p=0,038), both were the only mortality risk factors for mortality according to logistic regression. 50 patients required some form of fecal diversion in the postoperative period (32 colostomies and 18 flexi-seal). Neither the use of postoperative fecal diversion (surgical or Flexi-seal) nor the timing of its use had any effect on postoperative mortality.
Conclusions
One in eight patients died in the immediate postoperative period secondary to FG. Despite improved outcomes, 22% required a colostomy during admission. However, neither the performance of a colostomy nor the timing was associated with decreased FG-associated mortality. Non-invasive methods should be used first and surgical bowel diversion should be postponed as long as possible.
Post-transplant cyclophosphamide for unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplant with special attention to graft content and the impact of a higher γδ T cell dose
Authors: Wagner John , Jeurkar Chetan , Leiby Benjamin , Rashid Shaik , Gergis Usama , Grosso Dolores , Carabasi Matthew , Filicko-O'Hara Joanne , O'Hara William , Klumpp Thomas , Porcu Pierluigi , Flomenberg Neal
Published: February 2023

In this study, PtCy was used in 44 patients along with mycophenolate and tacrolimus with HLA matched (29) and mismatched (15) unrelated. The study was done to determine the impact of graft content on outcome thus all patients had flow cytometric analysis of their graft content including the number of B cells, NK cells, and various T cell subsets. Of the 15 patients with HLA mismatched donors, 12 were one antigen mismatched and 3 were 2 antigen mismatched. Sixteen (36.3%) of the patients developed acute GVHD (without any grade IV acute GVHD). For all patients the median time to ANC engraftment was 18 days while median time to platelet engraftment was 24 days. Mean estimated overall survival was 59.9 months, median overall survival was not reached. Higher γδ T cell dose was associated with the development of acute GVHD (p=0.0038). The use of PtCy in addition to MMF and tacrolimus has been shown to be a reasonable strategy to successfully engraft with unrelated donors. This method, potentially with the added intervention of selective gamma-delta T cell depletion, could increase transplant feasibility in recipient-donor combinations with greater HLA disparity and ensure that ethnic minorities have greater access to stem cell transplants.
Usefulness of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for diagnosis and clinical decision-making for radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Shi Yangrui , Feng Yuyue , Xu Lu , Li Wenbo , Guan Lili , Zuo Rui , Liu Shuang , Pang Hua , Wang Zhengjie
Published: February 2023

Background We are looking for the diagnosis and treatment of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC). Studies have shown that prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed in thyroid cancer. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
Methods This prospective study included 23 DTC patients and 17 RAIR-DTC patients. The patients underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. The SUVmax and SUVmean of the lesions were measured and used to calculate CT density-corrected values. The target-to-background ratios (TBRs) were calculated. Immunohistochemical analysis of PSMA was performed on 12 human thyroid cancer biopsy samples.
Results The detection rates of DTC and RAIR-DTC by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were significantly lower than those by 18F-FDG PET/CT. In both the DTC and RAIR-DTC groups, the TBRmean was higher on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT than on 18F-FDG PET/CT. The SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET/CT was positively correlated with the T stage. However, there was no correlation between the SUVmax on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and any clinical parameter. Immunohistochemical expression of PSMA showed a significantly higher H-score for RAIR-DTC than for DTC. However, there was no significant correlation between PSMA expression and the SUVmax on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.
Conclusion Although 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was useful for detecting DTC and RAIR-DTC, its detection rate was lower than that of 18F-FDG PET/CT. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT cannot distinguish DTC from RAIR-DTC, while 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful for the differential diagnosis of DTC and RAIR-DTC. PSMA was expressed at a higher level in RAIR-DTC. PSMA uptake on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was not significantly correlated with PSMA expression or tumor differentiation.
Tuning the growth of faceted Na3Zr2(SiO4)2PO4 NASICON-type solid electrolyte and its effect on microstructure-conductivity relationship
Authors: Chong Man Kit , Zainuddin Zalita , Omar Fatin Saiha , Jumali Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj
Published: February 2023

NASICON-like Na3Zr2(SiO4)2PO4(NZSP) ceramic solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, safety and durability becomes the main focus and attention as an alternative for traditional liquid electrolytes. NZSP containing NH4H2PO4and Na3PO4⋅12H2O as the phosphate source have been extensively studied as a solid electrolyte, but a deep understanding of the relationship between crystal growth and ionic conductivity is still lacking. Herein, we synthesized NZSP via solid-state reaction using NaH2PO4as the phosphate source. The impact of different sintering holding time on the crystal phase, microstructure, ionic conductivity and relaxation time of NZSP solid electrolytes were investigated. Microstructure studies revealed that the faceted NZSP sintered at 1100°C for 24 h has the lowest formation ZrO2, highest densification with the least pores. In addition, the sample achieved the highest room temperature ionic conductivity (4.11 ⋅ 10− 4S cm-1) and the shortest relaxation time (0.4 µs), which is also are crucial factors for the development of rechargeable all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs).
E-Vehicle Design Health Review System
Authors: Arnab Arnab Dasgupta , Rahul Rahul Kumar , Bivas Bivas Bhattacharyya , Ankit Ankit Mehta
Published: February 2023

There are a number of methodologies & approaches manufacturers and R&D Units can adopt to meet the desired Design & BOM (Bill of material) accuracy, but the most optimized & promising is developing a seamless digital platform (application) that caters to both Design and BOM (Bill of Material) review & its respective defects resolution and monitoring parallely. Considering complex products & large no. of new product introduction due to competitive market scenario, how do original equipment manufacturers, production and R&D firms determine the best way forward?
Product Development team has developed an Innovative zero defect methodology that provides a platform for design review & its defects (Issues) closure mechanism simultaneously. This approach enables manufacturers to effectively handle complex design reviews, cost optimization, complexity reduction, BOM-Cost management & maintaining the intended product accuracy there by enabling faster product launch & time to market at competitive price. On top of it, it enables automated system based computation at each defined critical stage to concerned stakeholders for required action thus reducing manual intervention & time consumption. Integration of multiple system for automated reports generation and live dashboard for monitoring of part development and availability status. Predictive Analysis reports enlisting critical parts to take early development actions or providing alternate suggestions in order to meet the project delivery timeline.
This paper discusses the in-depth process & stages of ‘E-VDHRS’ to effectively handle complex models/Products market introduction & benefits of this application in comparison to conventional approach along with in-sights of digital utilities & databases created in application to facilitate end-user with intended design review, cost optimize, Critical Issue management, defect reduction & accuracy achieved using this Innovative zero defect methodology. This robust system delivers a set of solutions that enabled process & productivity improvements via. Digital transformation resulting in drastically improved key levers like ‘Product design quality’, ‘Product launch timeline’, ‘BOM-Cost optimizations’ & ‘part complexity reductions’.
The Particle Swarm Multi-subspace Augmentation Optimization
Authors: Donkor Derrick
Published: February 2023

In this article, the proposed Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) variant uses a search space with distinct subspaces for each particle in the population respectively in the exploration of the optimum solution. What is normally done for a reduction in swarm size and achieving a much quicker response in PSO is to manually set the swarm size and other auxiliary constants through trial and error. An algorithm is proposed which assigns a particle to a discrete subspace and combines each particles position to form the solution at every functional evaluation. This assignment of the particle to a discrete subspace is suitable for swarm size reduction and quick convergence with less iteration. The theoretical basis is provided for the proposed algorithm and empirical studies are conducted to compare the proposed algorithm with PSO and some selected optimization algorithms on reference benchmark test functions. Based on the experimental results, the proposed algorithm has a higher accuracy than the other optimization algorithms.
Evaluation of variants in the ENTPD1 (g.209A>G, g.291A>T e g.338G>A) and ENTPD2 (g.464G>A) genes in athletic horses with exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage
Authors: Leite Raíssa , Albertino Lukas Garrido , Campos Fernanda , Campos Reinaldo , Borges Alexandre , Oliveira-Filho Jose
Published: February 2023

Background
Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is characterized by the presence of blood from the lungs in the tracheobronchial tree after intense exercise in athletic horses. Despite the high prevalence of EIPH in horses, the primary aetiology remains unknown. Mutations in genes encoding CD39 and CD39L1 (ENTPD1 and ENTPD2, respectively) were previously reported as potential genetic causes involved in EIPH pathogenesis. However, the role these mutations associated with haemostatic functions is unknown.
Results
To investigate the association between EIPH and mutations (g.290A > G, g.291A > T, and g.338G > A) in the ENTPD1 and (g.646G > A) ENTPD2 genes, 76 Thoroughbred horses diagnosed with EIPH and 56 without clinical signs of EIPH (control group) by trachea-bronchial endoscopy were genotyped. The g.290A > G and g.338G > A mutations were linked, explaining why the same results were found in all horses. Both of these mutations were observed in 56.6% of homozygous and 39.5% of heterozygous EIPH horses. In the control group, 66.1% and 28.6% of horses were homozygous and heterozygous for these mutations, respectively. Approximately 2.6% (2/76) of EIPH horses and no control horses (0/56) were homozygous for the g.291A > T mutation. Meanwhile, in the EIPH group, there were 1.5% (1/68) homozygotes and 23.5% (16/58) heterozygotes for the g.464G > A mutation. In the control group, this mutation was observed only in heterozygotes (15.6%, 7/45). There was no significant difference between groups for any of the mutations.
Conclusions
The mutations previously described in the genes encoding CD39 and CD39L1 enzymes are highly present in the studied population. A possible breed predisposition may be involved; however, no association was found between the occurrence of EIPH and the presence of these mutations in the ENTPD1 and ENTPD2 genes in Thoroughbred horses in this study.