bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PATTERN DISCOVERY OF TRAJECTORIES USING
CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION
Authors: Sharif M. , Alesheikh A. A.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Movement of point objects are highly sensitive to the underlying situations and conditions during the movement, which are known as contexts. Analyzing movement patterns, while accounting the contextual information, helps to better understand how point objects behave in various contexts and how contexts affect their trajectories. One potential solution for discovering moving objects patterns is analyzing the similarities of their trajectories. This article, therefore, contextualizes the similarity measure of trajectories by not only their spatial footprints but also a notion of internal and external contexts. The dynamic time warping (DTW) method is employed to assess the multi-dimensional similarities of trajectories. Then, the results of similarity searches are utilized in discovering the relative movement patterns of the moving point objects. Several experiments are conducted on real datasets that were obtained from commercial airplanes and the weather information during the flights. The results yielded the robustness of DTW method in quantifying the commonalities of trajectories and discovering movement patterns with 80 % accuracy. Moreover, the results revealed the importance of exploiting contextual information because it can enhance and restrict movements.
INDOOR SPACE LOCATION MODEL BASED ON LOCATION SERVICE
Authors: Zhou Y. , Zeng G. , Huang Y. , Yang X.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Location is the basis for the realization of location services, the integrity of the location information and its way of representation in indoor space model directly restricts the quality of location services. The construction of the existing indoor space model is mostly for specific applications and lack of uniform representation of location information. Several geospatial standards have been developed to meet the requirement of the indoor spatial information system, among which CityGML LOD4 and IndoorGML are the most relevant ones for indoor spatial information. However, from the perspective of Location Based Service (LBS), the CityGML LOD4 is more inclined to visualize the indoor space. Although IndoorGML is mainly used for indoor space navigation and has description (such as geometry, topology, and semantics) benefiting for indoor LBS, this standard model lack explicit representation of indoor location information. In this paper, from the perspective of Location Based Service (LBS), based on the IndoorGML standard, an indoor space location model (ISLM) conforming to human cognition is proposed through integration of the geometric and topological and semantic features of the indoor spatial entity. This model has the explicit description of location information which the standard indoor space model of IndoorGML and CityGML LOD4 does not have, which can lay the theoretical foundation for indoor location service such as indoor navigation, indoor routing and location query.
Brief communication: Using punctual soil moisture estimates to
improve the performances of a regional scale landslide early warning
system
Authors: Segoni Samuele , Rosi Ascanio , Lagomarsino Daniela , Fanti Riccardo , Casagli Nicola
Published: October 2017

Abstract. We improved a state-of-art RSLEWS (regional scale landslide early warning system) based on rainfall thresholds by integrating punctual soil moisture estimates. We tested two approaches. The simplest can be easily applied to improve other RSLEWS: it is based on a soil moisture threshold value under which rainfall thresholds are not used because landslides are never expected to occur. Another approach deeply modifies the original RSLEWS: thresholds based on antecedent rainfall accumulated over long periods were substituted by soil moisture thresholds. A back analysis demonstrated that both approaches reduced consistently false alarms, while the second approach reduced missed alarms as well.
Linking critical infrastructure resilience to social vulnerability through minimum supply concepts: review of gaps and development of an integrative framework
Authors: Garschagen Matthias , Sandholz Simone
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Increased attention has lately been given to, first, social vulnerability reduction and, second, critical infrastructure management in the context of natural hazards and disasters. However, strikingly little efforts have been made in linking the two in a coherent manner conceptually and practically. Addressing this gap is the objective of this paper. In its first part, it provides a structured review on achievements and remaining gaps in the management of critical infrastructure and the understanding of social vulnerability towards failures during and after disasters. Special attention is given to the current state of minimum supply concepts. In its second part, the paper then responds to the identified gaps by developing a novel conceptual framework on the linkages of critical infrastructure management, social vulnerability and minimum supply. The framework is meant to guide future research as well as policy making and practical action. It facilitates and guides the conceptualization of (i) causal relationships between these three components, (ii) the assessment of system states in each component and (iii) the normative and political choices that need to be made explicit and tackled for turning the concept into policy and action. The paper closes by sketching out recommendations for a future research and practice agenda to close the detected gaps.
Quantitative imaging of the 3-D distribution of cation adsorption sites in undisturbed soil
Authors: Keck Hannes , Strobel Bjarne W. , Gustafsson Jon Petter , Koestel John
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Several studies have shown that the distribution of cation adsorption sites (CASs) is patchy at a millimetre to centimetre scale. Often, larger concentrations of CASs in biopores or aggregate coatings have been reported in the literature. This heterogeneity has implications on the accessibility of CASs and may influence the performance of soil system models that assume a spatially homogeneous distribution of CASs. In this study, we present a new method to quantify the abundance and 3-D distribution of CASs in undisturbed soil that allows for investigating CAS densities with distance to the soil macropores. We used X-ray imaging with Ba2+ as a contrast agent. Ba2+ has a high adsorption affinity to CASs and is widely used as an index cation to measure the cation exchange capacity (CEC). Eight soil cores (approx. 10 cm3) were sampled from three locations with contrasting texture and organic matter contents. The CASs of our samples were saturated with Ba2+ in the laboratory using BaCl2 (0.3 mol L−1). Afterwards, KCl (0.1 mol L−1) was used to rinse out Ba2+ ions that were not bound to CASs. Before and after this process the samples were scanned using an industrial X-ray scanner. Ba2+ bound to CASs was then visualized in 3-D by the difference image technique. The resulting difference images were interpreted as depicting the Ba2+ bound to CASs only. The X-ray image-derived CEC correlated significantly with results of the commonly used ammonium acetate method to determine CEC in well-mixed samples. The CEC of organic-matter-rich samples seemed to be systematically overestimated and in the case of the clay-rich samples with less organic matter the CEC seemed to be systematically underestimated. The results showed that the distribution of the CASs varied spatially within most of our samples down to a millimetre scale. There was no systematic relation between the location of CASs and the soil macropore structure. We are convinced that the approach proposed here will strongly aid the development of more realistic soil system models.
Investigating the local-scale influence of sea ice on Greenland surface melt
Authors: Stroeve Julienne C. , Mioduszewski John R. , Rennermalm Asa , Boisvert Linette N. , Tedesco Marco , Robinson David
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Rapid decline in Arctic sea ice cover in the 21st century may have wide-reaching effects on the Arctic climate system, including the Greenland ice sheet mass balance. Here, we investigate whether local changes in sea ice around the Greenland ice sheet have had an impact on Greenland surface melt. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between sea ice concentration, the timing of melt onset and open-water fraction surrounding Greenland with ice sheet surface melt using a combination of remote sensing observations, and outputs from a reanalysis model and a regional climate model for the period of 1979–2015. Statistical analysis points to covariability between Greenland ice sheet surface melt and sea ice within Baffin Bay and Davis Strait. While some of this covariance can be explained by simultaneous influence of atmospheric circulation anomalies on both the sea ice cover and Greenland melt, within Baffin Bay we find a modest correlation between detrended melt onset over sea ice and the adjacent ice sheet melt onset. This correlation appears to be related to increased transfer of sensible and latent heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere in early sea ice melt years, increasing temperatures and humidity over the ice sheet that in turn initiate ice sheet melt.
Winter sea ice export from the Laptev Sea preconditions the local summer sea ice cover and fast ice decay
Authors: Itkin Polona , Krumpen Thomas
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Ice retreat in the eastern Eurasian Arctic is a consequence of atmospheric and oceanic processes and regional feedback mechanisms acting on the ice cover, both in winter and summer. A correct representation of these processes in numerical models is important, since it will improve predictions of sea ice anomalies along the Northeast Passage and beyond. In this study, we highlight the importance of winter ice dynamics for local summer sea ice anomalies in thickness, volume and extent. By means of airborne sea ice thickness surveys made over pack ice areas in the south-eastern Laptev Sea, we show that years of offshore-directed sea ice transport have a thinning effect on the late-winter sea ice cover. To confirm the preconditioning effect of enhanced offshore advection in late winter on the summer sea ice cover, we perform a sensitivity study using a numerical model. Results verify that the preconditioning effect plays a bigger role for the regional ice extent. Furthermore, they indicate an increase in volume export from the Laptev Sea as a consequence of enhanced offshore advection, which has far-reaching consequences for the entire Arctic sea ice mass balance. Moreover we show that ice dynamics in winter not only preconditions local summer ice extent, but also accelerate fast-ice decay.
El conocimiento armónico como estrategia para mejorar la comprensión, la motivación y la creatividad en el aprendizaje del lenguaje musical
Authors: Berrón Ruiz Elena , Monreal Guerrero Inés María , Balsera Gómez Francisco José
Published: October 2017

En nuestro contexto socio-cultural occidental, la mayoría de la música que se produce y se consume está basada en el sistema tonal-armónico, que organiza el discurso musical a partir de la combinación de acordes con distintos grados de tensión y de reposo. En un intento por mejorar la formación musical de los alumnos y facilitarles la adquisición de los aprendizajes, se ha abordado la elaboración, puesta en práctica y evaluación de una serie de propuestas metodológicas para la iniciación a la educación musical desde un contexto tonal en la asignatura de Lenguaje Musical, dirigida a los alumnos de los dos primeros cursos de las enseñanzas elementales del Conservatorio Profesional de Música de Segovia. La investigación presentada en este artículo permite afirmar, como una de sus conclusiones fundamentales, que las actividades tonales desarrolladas en el aula han sido realmente útiles para ofrecer una educación integral, significativa y motivadora para los alumnos, al mismo tiempo que han potenciado su creatividad y les ha capacitado para la composición de canciones.
Populismo y Educación Musical
Authors: Colwell Richard
Published: October 2017

En este artículo el autor intenta bosquejar una respuesta a una cuestión planteada por los editores del British Journal of Music Education: qué se entiende por educación musical y qué experiencias deberían requerirse. El autor rechaza un análisis sobre los programas actuales ya que existe escaso consenso sobre qué tipo de programas tienen éxito. Examina la cuestión con una mirada más amplia e investiga sobre la influencia de los gobiernos en el modo en que respaldan la educación, sobre cómo son educados los docentes, y la importancia de la investigación relevante en el campo de las humanidades, desde una cultura nacional o global, o de los profesionales de la música. La educación musical es muy singular, y no está influida por el estado o por la preparación de los profesores. El currículo actual está influenciado, sin ninguna investigación, por profesores individuales que creen en la ciudadanía global en lugar de en la nacional. La historia de la cultura, un análisis de cómo los estudiantes responden a una obra de arte, y las ideas de un músico profesional intercultural con un compromiso con la educación tienen todas su base en la investigación cualitativa y pueden proporcionar una educación musical que tenga un significado importante y valioso.
An evaluation of nursing documentation of acutely admitted older home-living medical patients in a Danish hospital
Authors: Sivertsen Ditte Maria , Juul-Larsen Helle Gybel , Petersen Janne , Lawson-Smith Louise , Lindhardt Tove , Andersen Ove
Published: October 2017

Background: Documentation enhances patient safety and continuity. According to national Danish guidelines, nursing documentation should contain core areas such as: nutritional status, pain, sleep, urinary- and bowel elimination, skin and tissue, cognitive and psychosocial factors. Documentation practice and its association to patient impairments have not been examined as a comprehensive, combined set of nursing core areas in acutely admitted older medical patients. Therefor the objective of this study was to examine levels of nursing documentation and the associations between documentation levels and patient impairments.Methods: A descriptive study of acutely admitted patients above 65 years old. Audit of handwritten nursing records and structured patient interviews were conducted to assess eight core areas based on the national Danish guidelines for nursing documentation: nutritional status, pain, sleep, urinary- and bowel elimination, skin and tissue, cognitive and psychosocial factors. Furthermore measures of Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and self-reported health were collected.Results: 90 acutely admitted medical patients ≥ 65 years were enrolled. The prevalence of documentation was between 4 and 80%. We found a higher prevalence of unstructured documentation. Looking at six of the eight core areas, 33% of the patients had 0-2 areas documented. For all the eight core areas we found no difference in the prevalence of documentation for patients with impairment compared to patients without impairment, nor did we find a significant association between patient documentation and age, sex, CCI, or self-rated health.Conclusions: The results implies that something else than national guidelines, patient impairments, age, sex, CCI and self-rated health of the patient are determining whether documentation is done or not.
Seasonal Variations of Groundwater Chemistry in the Basement and Sedimentary Rocks of Ibadan and Lagos Areas, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Anthony Temidayo
Published: October 2017

Hydrochemical investigation of forty boreholes drilled on the basement and sedimentary rocks in Ibadan and Lagos metropolis southwestern Nigeria respectively were carried out in order to determine the portability of the groundwater in both areas and to highlight differences in their chemical characters and variations with seasons. Data obtained indicated that the groundwater in Ibadan area is mainly the Na + Ca – HCO­­3type, while that of Lagos is Na + Ca – C1 + SO4 type. The groundwater chemistry reflects weathering of sodic plagioclase feldspars in the basement rocks as well as arkosic sandstone in the sedimentary terrain. The higher chloride (ca. 124.2 mg/L) content of the Lagos water is probably due to salt-water intrusion along the coastal area. Elevated Na+ (58.5-1021.2), Fe2+ (0.3-2.8) and Mn2+ (0.04-2.34) mg/L concentrations, particularly during the dry season, adversely affect the portability of the water from both localities. Apart from making the water unsuitable for irrigation, high Na+ content is considered harmful to persons suffering from cardiac, renal and circulatory diseases. The Fe2+and Mn2+ contents could also create staining problem. It is therefore desirable to remove these elements from the borehole water prior to consumption.
Compulsory Hospitalization, Severity of Disorders and Territorial Landscape: A French Study
Authors: Roelandt Jean-Luc , Crétin Aurore , Askevis-Leherpeux Françoise , Baucheron Jean-Pierre , Brun-Rousseau Hélène , Coldefy Magali , Daoud Veronique , Defromont Laurent , Giordana Jean-Yves , Maillard Isabelle , Roguet Julie , Saint-Jean Hélène , Thalassinos Muriel , Triantafyllou Michel , Varomme Stéphane , Béhal Hélène , Baleige Antoine , Duhamel Alain
Published: October 2017

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study, carried out in France, was to analyse important psychiatric sector disparities in the rate of compulsory hospitalizations as a function of the severity of disorders among the people hospitalized, and of certain variables linked to the territorial landscape (socio-demographic context, and primary and psychiatric care offer).METHODS: The 125 sectors that took part in this study were divided into three groups on the basis of their compulsory hospitalization rates.RESULTS: The results did not reveal any link between compulsory hospitalization rate and severity of disorders.The hospitalization rate was correlated with variables specific to urban areas: it was higher in more densely populated areas with a larger proportion of people living alone and a greater number of shelters and social rehabilitation centres. It was also higher in the sectors with larger hospitalization capacity, with longer mean hospitalization durations, but with a lower rate of resort to psychiatry and larger human resources.CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of resort to involuntary hospitalization in France does not seem to be linked to the severity of patients’ disorders, but it is higher in sectors with a profile specific to urban areas, larger hospitalization capacities and human resources.
Prevalence of Obesity in School Children and Its Relation to Lifestyle Behaviors in Al-Ahsa District of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albin Saleh Ahmed A. , Alhaiz Aqeel S. , Khan Ataur Rahman , Al-Quwaidhi Abdulkareem J , Aljasim Majdi , Almubarak Adeeb , Alqurayn Ahmed , Alsumaeil Mohammed , AlYateem Akeel
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVES: To estimate obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia for the year 2016 and to determine the related preventable risk factors.METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study (using stratified random sampling representing different geographical areas of Al-Ahsa) through a self-administered questionnaire. It included 240 male students aged (7–15) years old from public primary and intermediate schools in Al-Ahsa governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were taken for all the study participants. Body mass index (BMI) and its percentile was determined using Saudi won growth charts of the corresponding age and sex.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29.6% (10.8% overweight, 3.8% obese, and 15% extremely obese). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly associated with early childhood obesity, parental obesity, mother's employment, family income, number of snacks and fast food consumption, physical inactivity, and time spent in watching television. Other factors (namely, eating during emotional stress, family gathering on meals, and regular eating times) were having independently significant association.CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to spread awareness about obesity, and the prevention programs that involving schools and families are the key strategy for controlling the current epidemic of obesity.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Islamic Banking in Malaysia
Authors: Anthony Mariadas Paul , Murthy Uma
Published: October 2017

A nation’s economic success is largely dependent on the performance of their banks as they play a major role in regulating its financial sector to stability and cohesion by acting as an intermediary to various parties such as individuals, organizations and governments to conduct their borrowing and depositing activities. The quality of services provided by the banks will influence how these parties benefit and consumers would choose the bank that they perceive will result in the most benefit. In Malaysia, a larger percentage of the population are employing conventional banks compared to Islamic banks due to factors such as unfamiliarity of products and services and inadequate marketing. This study examine the factors influencing adoption of Islamic Banking in Selangor. A quantitative research approach is employed in this research following the positivist assumption with a realist ontology and objectivist epistemology. Data was collected using a probabilistic sampling method, particularly a stratified random sampling technique. The adapted survey questionnaire employed in this study and distributed 150 questionnaire and successfully received 130 questionnaire. Overall, the researcher has discussed about the findings of the analysis that was conucted using the SPSS software. Descriptive approach, correlation and multiple regression analysiss had been shown during the analysis. The descriptive approach displayed direct results while the correlation displayed the relationship between the dependent variable (adoption of Islamic Banking) and the independent variables (compatibility, consumer knowledge, risk perception/management and consumer satisfaction). In this research, found two factors that influencing adoption of Islamic Banking in Malaysia which are consumers knowledge and consumer satisfaction. For the future researchers, this research will benefit them as well. If they are doing their researches which are related to this topic, they can gather everything they want easily. Besides that, it will benefit the researcher who is going to do this research study in Malaysia. This is because the information in Malaysia is limited.
PLS-SEM Based Analysis of Service Quality and Satisfaction in Open Distance Learning in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera M. J. Renuka , Johar Gapar M. , Kathibi Ali , Atan Halinah , Abeysekera Nalin , Dharmaratne Isuri R.
Published: October 2017

Students’ Perceived Service Quality (SPSQ) and Students’ Satisfaction (SSAT) in Open Distance Learning (ODL) are renowned features in Higher Education (HE) field in the present-day. The vast number of research studies have addressed diverse types of variables on different grounds. The ODL students are from various family backgrounds such as cultural, social, technological skill levels, and most importantly defer from basic educational entry qualifications. This must cognize how the HE institutions are able to offer their diversified services together with quality enhanced features to enjoy a competitive edge from the student’s satisfaction point of view. The number of students completing the course, or graduates passing out are diminishing when compared with the increase in number of registered student’s year on year. Most of the universities and HE institutions have faced student persistence and attrition problems and rush to find solutions with the concepts of service quality and satisfaction. The purpose of this study is mainly based on finding out the significant factors affecting the SPSQ and SSAT. This study will address the modified SERVQUAL constructs in relation to the SPSQ and SSAT. The independent variables were Assurance, Empathy, Responsiveness, Reliability, and Website Content and the dependent variables were the Students’ Perceived Service Quality and Satisfaction in ODL in the OUSL. Data was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire from 760 undergraduate students of the Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL) covering six main regional centers island wide. The OUSL is the unique university operating under the ODL system in Sri Lanka. The analysis was based on descriptive and inferential statistics. The significant relationships are revealed between the SPSQ and Reliability, Responsiveness and Website Content. The other significant relationships are SSAT with Reliability and Website Content and the relationship between SPSQ and SSAT. The R2 for the SPSQ is 0.244 (24%) and SSAT is 0.549 (55%). The same research could be recommended as a future research with more service quality variables, and in regional centers as a longitudinal data collection method to understand more about service quality and satisfaction which influence student retention and completion.
Business Model Research: From Concepts to Theories
Authors: Lambert Susan , Montemari Marco
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this paper is threefold. Firstly, it provides business model researchers with a structured analysis of the research that is required to enable business model theories to be developed. A schema for analyzing existing research and for discerning the research required to move towards business model theory building is proposed. The importance of conceptual research along with deductive and inductive empirical research is emphasized. Secondly, the extant business model literature is analyzed according to the research schema to highlight current gaps in the research and the progress being made towards theorization. Thirdly, opportunities for future research are identified and thematically categorized to encourage progressive cycles of conceptual-deductive-inductive research and ultimately, theorizing. The need for business model theory building, both in relation to the business model concept per se and concerning the relationships between business models and other phenomena, is the basis of this article.
Corporate Social Responsibility Applications in Turkish Airport System
Authors: Gures Nuriye , Yilmaz Harun , Arslan Seda , Durmuscelebi Cemal , Yuksel Cevher
Published: October 2017

Businesses in aviation industry, where fierce competition has been encountered, have had to pay more attention to their relationships with the environment to increase their market share and to survive. In this context, enterprises have started to focus on corporate social responsibility (CSR) applications to provide sustainability in terms of environmental, social and economic. Although there are many academic studies on this subject in other sectors, it is relatively less in aviation sector. Therefore, in this study, CSR applications in terms of enterprises operating in Turkish airports have been analysed using GRI (Global Reporting Initiatives) scale for the airport system. Within the extent of the research, the necessary information has been obtained through the reports published by the companies, internet pages and social media accounts etc. for CSR activities. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the majority of enterprises do not share their CSR applications publicly enough, even if they perform most of these activities. According to the results, suggestions have been made to the airport and terminal operators to apply more effective CSR activities.
Una bula incunable desconocida del Instituto Valencia de Don Juan. Nuevos datos de la imprenta salmantina
Authors: De los Reyes Gómez Fermín , Sánchez-Molero José Luis Gonzalo , Prieto Ana Belén Sánchez
Published: October 2017

El hallazgo de una bula de cruzada incunable desconocida en el Instituto Valencia de Don Juan, adquirida por la condesa de Oropesa, da pie al estudio de su procedencia y a su análisis e identificación. La bula fue impresa en las prensas salmantinas de Juan de Porras y Juan de Montejo, pero los datos de la documentación conservada en diversos archivos, lleva a la revisión de la historia de la imprenta incunable de Salamanca, tan compleja como enigmática, ante la posible existencia de, al menos, otro taller en la ciudad a cargo de Juan de San Vicente y Rodrigo de Escobar.
Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences
Authors: Cooperband Miriam F. , Cossé Allard A. , Jones Tappey H. , Carrillo Daniel , Cleary Kaitlin , Canlas Isaiah , Stouthamer Richard
Published: October 2017

Three cryptic species in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex were reared in laboratory colonies and investigated for the presence of pheromones. Collections of volatiles from combinations of diet, fungus, beetles, and galleries from polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #1) revealed the presence of 2-heneicosanone and 2-tricosanone only in the presence of beetles, regardless of sex. Subsequent examination of volatiles from the other two species, tea shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #2) and Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #5), revealed these two ketones were present in all three species but in different ratios. In dual choice olfactometer behavioral bioassays, mature mated females were strongly attracted to a synthetic binary blend of ketones matching their own natural ratios. However, females in each species were repelled by ketone blends in ratios corresponding to the other two species. Males of each species responded similarly to females when presented with ratios matching their own or the other two species. The presence of these compounds in the three beetle species, in ratios unique to each species, and their strong species-specific attraction and repellency, suggests they are pheromones. The ecological function of these pheromones is discussed. In addition to the pheromones, the previously known attractant (1S,4R)-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (also known as quercivorol) was discovered in the presence of the fungal symbionts, but not in association with the beetles. Quercivorol was tested in a dual-choice olfactometer and was strongly attractive to all three species. This evidence suggests quercivorol functions as a kairomone for members of the E. fornicatus species complex, likely produced by the symbiotic fungi.
Kinematics, Exhumation, and Sedimentation of the North Central Andes (Bolivia): An Integrated Thermochronometer and Thermokinematic Modeling Approach
Authors: Rak Adam J. , McQuarrie Nadine , Ehlers Todd A.
Published: October 2017

Quantifying mountain building processes in convergent orogens requires determination of the timing and rate of deformation in the overriding plate. In the central Andes, large discrepancies in both timing and rate of deformation prevent evaluating the shortening history in light of internal or external forcing factors. Geologic map patterns, age and location of reset thermochronometer systems, and synorogenic sediment distribution are all a function of the geometry, kinematics, and rate of deformation in a fold‐thrust‐belt‐foreland basin (FTB‐FB) system. To determine the timing and rate of deformation in the northern Bolivian Andes, we link thermokinematic modeling to a sequentially forward modeled, balanced cross section isostatically accounting for thrust loads and erosion. Displacement vectors, in 10 km increments, are assigned variable ages to create velocity fields in a thermokinematic model for predicting thermochronometer ages. We match both the pattern of predicted cooling ages with the across strike pattern of measured zircon fission track, apatite fission track, and apatite (U‐Th)/He cooling ages as well as the modeled age of FB formations to published sedimentary sections. Results indicate that northern Bolivian FTB deformation started at 50 Ma and may have begun as early as 55 Ma. Acceptable rates of shortening permit either a constant rate of shortening (~4–5 mm/yr) or varying shortening rates with faster rates (7–10 mm/yr) at 45–50 Ma and 12–8 Ma, significantly slower rates (2–4 mm/yr) from 35 to 15 Ma and indicate the northern Bolivian Subandes started deforming between 19 and 14 Ma.
Seismic Interferometry Using Persistent Noise Sources for Temporal Subsurface Monitoring
Authors: Dales Philippe , Audet Pascal , Olivier Gerrit
Published: October 2017

In passive source seismology, seismic interferometry typically refers to the cross correlation of ambient noise to construct an estimate of the Green's function between sensors. The presence of persistent natural and/or anthropogenic sources can bias or prevent the retrieval of these estimated Green's functions. Here we show how these strong persistent sources can be used to measure small changes in the medium between a source and either (or both) source‐sensor pairs. The method relies on localizing the sources and using this information to identify and select cross‐correlation functions for each source of interest. We illustrate this method by monitoring growth of a block cave at an underground mine using three nearly continuously operating ore crushers which dominate the wavefield. This technique should work equally well in natural environments using sources such as volcanic tremor, hydrothermal bubble cavitation, and microseisms.
Fluid Pocket Generation in Response to Heterogeneous Reactivity of a Rock Fracture Under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Okamoto A. , Tanaka H. , Watanabe N. , Saishu H. , Tsuchiya N.
Published: October 2017

Fractures are the location of various water‐rock interactions within the Earth's crust; however, the impact of the chemical heterogeneity of fractures on hydraulic properties is poorly understood. We conducted flow‐through experiments on the dissolution of granite with a tensile fracture at 350°C and fluid pressure of 20 MPa with confining pressure of 40 MPa. The aperture structures were evaluated by X‐ray computed tomography before and after the experiments. Under the experimental conditions, quartz grains dissolve rapidly to produce grain‐scale pockets on the fracture surface, whereas altered feldspar grains act as asperities to sustain the open cavities. The fracture contained gouge with large surface area. The feedback between fluid flow and the rapid dissolution of gouge material produced large fluid pockets, whereas permeability did not always increase significantly. Such intense hydrological‐chemical interactions could strongly influence the porosity‐permeability relationship of fractured reservoirs in the crust.
Propagation of a Finite‐Amplitude Elastic Pulse in a Bar of Berea Sandstone: A Detailed Look at the Mechanisms of Classical Nonlinearity, Hysteresis, and Nonequilibrium Dynamics
Authors: Remillieux Marcel C. , Ulrich T. J. , Goodman Harvey E. , Ten Cate James A.
Published: October 2017

We study the propagation of a finite‐amplitude elastic pulse in a long thin bar of Berea sandstone. In previous work, this type of experiment has been conducted to quantify classical nonlinearity, based on the amplitude growth of the second harmonic as a function of propagation distance. To greatly expand on that early work, a noncontact scanning 3‐D laser Doppler vibrometer was used to track the evolution of the axial component of the particle velocity over the entire surface of the bar as functions of the propagation distance and source amplitude. With these new measurements, the combined effects of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics have all been measured simultaneously. We show that the numerical resolution of the 1‐D wave equation with terms for classical nonlinearity and attenuation accurately captures the spectral features of the waves up to the second harmonic. However, for higher harmonics the spectral content is shown to be strongly influenced by hysteresis. This work also shows data which quantify not only classical nonlinearity but also the nonequilibrium dynamics based on the relative change in the arrival time of the elastic pulse as a function of strain and distance from the source. Finally, a comparison is made to a resonant bar measurement, a reference experiment used to quantify nonequilibrium dynamics, based on the relative shift of the resonance frequencies as a function of the maximum dynamic strain in the sample.
Detailed Configuration of the Underthrusting Indian Lithosphere Beneath Western Tibet Revealed by Receiver Function Images
Authors: Xu Qiang , Zhao Junmeng , Yuan Xiaohui , Liu Hongbing , Pei Shunping
Published: October 2017

We analyze the teleseismic waveform data recorded by 42 temporary stations from the Y2 and ANTILOPE‐1 arrays using the P and S receiver function techniques to investigate the lithospheric structure beneath western Tibet. The Moho is reliably identified as a prominent feature at depths of 55–82 km in the stacked traces and in depth migrated images. It has a concave shape and reaches the deepest location at about 80 km north of the Indus‐Yarlung suture (IYS). An intracrustal discontinuity is observed at ~55 km depth below the southern Lhasa terrane, which could represent the upper border of the eclogitized underthrusting Indian lower crust. Underthrusting of the Indian crust has been widely observed beneath the Lhasa terrane and correlates well with the Bouguer gravity low, suggesting that the gravity anomalies in the Lhasa terrane are induced by topography of the Moho. At ~20 km depth, a midcrustal low‐velocity zone (LVZ) is observed beneath the Tethyan Himalaya and southern Lhasa terrane, suggesting a layer of partial melts that decouples the thrust/fold deformation of the upper crust from the shortening and underthrusting in the lower crust. The Sp conversions at the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) can be recognized at depths of 130–200 km, showing that the Indian lithospheric mantle is underthrusting with a ramp‐flat shape beneath southern Tibet and probably is detached from the lower crust immediately under the IYS. Our observations reconstruct the configuration of the underthrusting Indian lithosphere and indicate significant along strike variations.
Inverse Tsunami Flow Modeling Including Nonequilibrium Sediment Transport, With Application to Deposits From the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Tsunami
Authors: Naruse Hajime , Abe Tomoya
Published: October 2017

Tsunami deposits provide important clues to understand ancient tsunami events. Several inverse models have been proposed to estimate the magnitude of paleotsunamis from their deposits. However, existing models consider neither nonuniform transport of suspended sediment nor turbulent mixing, which are essential factors governing sedimentation from suspension in tsunami flows. Here we propose a new inverse model of tsunami deposit emplacement, considering both transport of nonuniform suspended load and entrainment of basal sediments. This inversion model requires the spatial distribution of deposit thickness and the pattern of grain size distributions of the tsunami deposit along a 1‐D shoreline‐normal transect as input data. It produces as output run‐up flow velocity, inundation depth, and concentration of suspended sediment. To solve for advection of nonuniform suspended load, a transformed coordinate system is adopted, which increases computational efficiency. Tests of model inversions using artificial data successfully allow reconstruction of the original input values, suggesting the effectiveness of our optimization method. We apply our new inversion model to the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki tsunami deposit on Sendai Plain, Japan. The thickness and grain size distribution of the tsunami deposit was measured along a 4 km long transect normal to the coastline. The result of our inversion fits well with the observations from aerial videos and field surveys. We conclude that this method is suitable for the analysis of ancient tsunami deposits and that it has the advantage of requiring relatively little information about the condition of the emplacing paleotsunami for reconstruction.
Strike‐Slip Tectonics in the SW Barents Sea During North Atlantic Rifting (Swaen Graben, Northern Norway)
Authors: Omosanya K. O. , Zervas I. , Mattos N. H. , Alves T. M. , Johansen S. E. , Marfo G.
Published: October 2017

This study uses high‐quality, three‐dimensional (3‐D) seismic data to investigate the occurrence of strike‐slip faults in the Swaen Graben, SW Barents Sea. The Swaen Graben is divided into two principal subbasins: SSB1 and SSB2. The along‐strike and along‐dip displacement variations and scale relationships are analyzed for 42 faults. The displacement profiles for these faults are complex in the Swaen Graben, showing clear evidence for polycyclic fault growth and marked synsedimentary activity. The observed variations in the displacement profiles indicate complex along‐strike segmentation, linkage, and mechanical interactions at distinct structural levels. Along‐dip displacement minima indicate fault reactivation by dip linkage. Importantly, geometric evidence for strike‐slip faulting in the Swaen Graben includes the presence of extensional horsetail splay faults, positive flower structures, and minor transfer faults. This study shows that the faults in the Swaen Graben developed under extensional regimes during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rifting and were reactivated by regional stresses during the Late Cretaceous. The two principal strike‐slip faults in the Swaen Graben reveal sinistral movement and are linked at a shallow depth by minor transfer faults at a relay zone. Our work further demonstrates the occurrence of Late Mesozoic strike‐slip movements in the SW Barents Sea, which were induced by regional tectonics, halokinesis, and fault block rotation. Importantly, strike‐slip faulting in the region extends perhaps into the Cenozoic interacting with extension during the North Atlantic rifting.
Study of Fatigue Behavior of Epoxy‐Carbon Composites under Mixed Mode I/II Loading
Authors: Rocandio Clara , Viña Jaime , Argüelles Antonio , Rubiera Silvia
Published: October 2017

This paper presents an experimental assessment of the initiation and propagation of interlaminar cracks under mixed mode I/II dynamic fracture loading of a composite material with an MTM45‐1 epoxy matrix and unidirectional IM7 carbon‐fiber reinforcement. The aims of the experimental program developed for this purpose are to determine, on the one hand, the initiation curves of the fatigue delamination process, understood as the number of load cycles needed to generate a fatigue crack, and on the other, the crack growth rate (delamination rate) for different percentages of static Gc, in both cases for two mode mixities (0.2 and 0.4) and for a tensile ratio R = 0.1. All this with the goal of quantifying the influence of the degree of mode mixity on the overall behavior of the laminate under fatigue loading. The results show that the energy release rate increases with increasing loading levels for both degrees of mode mixity and that the fatigue limit is located around the same percentages. However, crack growth rate behavior differs from one degree of mode mixity to the other. This difference in the behavior of the material may be due to the varying influence of mode I loading on the delamination process.
High‐Entropy Alloys: Potential Candidates for High‐Temperature Applications – An Overview
Authors: Praveen Sathiyamoorthi , Kim Hyoung Seop
Published: October 2017

Multi‐principal elemental alloys, commonly referred to as high‐entropy alloys (HEAs), are a new class of emerging advanced materials with novel alloy design concept. Unlike the design of conventional alloys, which is based on one or at most two principal elements, the design of HEA is based on multi‐principal elements in equal or near‐equal atomic ratio. The advent of HEA has revived the alloy design perception and paved the way to produce an ample number of compositions with different combinations of promising properties for a variety of structural applications. Among the properties possessed by HEAs, sluggish diffusion and strength retention at elevated temperature have caught wide attention. The need to develop new materials for high‐temperature applications with superior high‐temperature properties over superalloys has been one of the prime concerns of the high‐temperature materials research community. The current article shows that HEAs have the potential to replace Ni‐base superalloys as the next generation high‐temperature materials. This review focuses on the phase stability, microstructural stability, and high‐temperature mechanical properties of HEAs. This article will be highly beneficial for materials engineering and science community whose interest is in the development and understanding of HEAs for high‐temperature applications.
MoS2 for Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching and Modulation of THz Fano Metaphotonic Devices
Authors: Srivastava Yogesh Kumar , Chaturvedi Apoorva , Manjappa Manukumara , Kumar Abhishek , Dayal Govind , Kloc Christian , Singh Ranjan
Published: October 2017

In recent years, the stunning performance of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has been utilized in the area of field effect transistors, integrated circuits, photodetectors, light generation and harvesting, valleytronics, and van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. However, the optoelectronic application of TMDCs in realizing efficient, ultrafast metaphotonic devices in the terahertz part of the electromagnetic spectrum has remained unexplored. The most studied member of the TMDC family, i.e., MoS2, shows an ultrafast carrier relaxation after photoexcitation with near‐infrared femtosecond pulse of energy above the bandgap. Here, this study investigates the photoactive properties of MoS2 to demonstrate an ultrasensitive active switching and modulation of the sharp Fano resonances in MoS2‐coated metamaterials consisting of asymmetric split ring resonator arrays. The results show that all‐optical switching and modulation of micrometer scale subwavelength Fano resonators can be achieved on a timescale of hundred picoseconds at moderate excitation pump fluences. The precise and active control of the MoS2‐based hybrid metaphotonic devices open up opportunities for the real‐world technologies and realization of ultrafast switchable sensors, modulators, filters, and nonlinear devices.
Das C3‐symmetrische Tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptan‐3,5,7‐triol
Authors: Kozel Volodymyr , Daniliuc Constantin‐Gabriel , Kirsch Peer , Haufe Günter
Published: October 2017

Ein direkter Zugang zum bisher unbekannten C3‐symmetrischen Tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptan‐3,5,7‐triol sowohl in racemischer als auch in enantiomerenreiner Form wurde ausgearbeitet. Die Umsetzung von 7‐tert‐Butoxynorbornadien mit Peroxycarbonsäuren führte durch transannulare π‐Cyclisierung und Substitution der tert‐Butoxy‐Gruppe zu Gemischen der entsprechenden C1‐ und C3‐symmetrischen 3,5,7‐Triacyloxynortricyclene. Durch Sieden in Ameisensäure wurden die C1‐symmetrischen Ester größtenteils in das C3‐symmetrische Formiat überführt. Nachfolgende Verseifung lieferte die diastereomeren Triole, die durch fraktionierende Kristallisation getrennt wurden. Die Enantiomerentrennung des C3‐symmetrischen Triols erfolgte über die diastereomeren Tri(O‐methyl)mandelsäureester. Die so im Gramm‐Maßstab zugänglichen enantiomerenreinen Triole wurden als Kerneinheit von Dotierstoffen für flüssigkristalline Phasen eingesetzt.