ECONOMIC-BIOLOGICAL SIGNS OF PIGS OF PAE "DZVENACHE"
Authors: Makovs'ka N. M. , Bodryashova K. V. , Biryukova O. D. 
Published: November 2018

The evaluation of the state of heterospecific resistance is conducted, stress stableness, reproductive ability and productivity of pigs of two breeds (large black, n = 30; large white breed. n = 19) in 2013-2016 in PAE "Dzvenache" Kyiv area. In the moment of researches common amount of sows of large white breed - 75, large black breed - 50 chairmen. The population of utricle of pigs of large white breed belonged to 2 lines, large black breed - 4 lines. In both breeds it is distinguished for 5 families.

Reproductive ability of sows was estimated from data of опоросів, for the use of data of primary zootechnic account on a form 2-sw. Age of separation of piglets in an economy - 60 days. Haematological researches conducted after the generally accepted methods. Determined the amount of leucocytes of blood, phagocytal activity of leucocytes and intensity of phagocytosis. Blood was taken away for repair piggy-wiggies from an ear vein in age 8 months in the morning to feeding (experienced animals). In quality to the preservative used "Тrilon-B". For the evaluation of a stress status of animals used a eosinophilic test.

In the experienced groups of animals studied the productivity and reproductive ability. From 30 animals of large black breed, haematological researches were conducted in which, a 21 chairman was used in a herd; 30 % animals were culled on different reasons. From 19 animals of large white breed, haematological researches were conducted in which, 12 chairmen were used in a herd. There was draft out 37 % animals, among what 68% with the mionectic indexes of heterospecific resistance (appraised as stress sensitive).

As a result of complex evaluation of heterospecific resistance of pigs of large white and large black breed in PAE "Dzvenache"  is set: an amount of leucocytes the investigational animals of large white breed had within the limits of  7,5 - 16,4 thousands, and for the pigs of large black breed this index was within the limits of 8,2 - 15,6 thousand cages in 1 ml to blood, the amount of eosinophilic granulocytes for the animals of large white breed 1107,2±130 cell/ml presented  on the average., and for the animals of large black breed  - 610,7±85,7 cell/ml  an amount of red corpuscles, for the pigs of large white breed, was within the limits of 4,8 - 6,7 million cages, and for the pigs of large black breed 5,8 - 6,4 million cages in 1 ml of blood. Phagocytal activity (PhA) the investigated animals of large white breed had within the limits of 49 - 54%, and for the animals of large black breed within the limits of 40 - 62%, intensity of phagocytosis (IPh) for the animals of large white breed on the average presented 4,5 odes., and for the animals of large black breed 5,5 odes.

Thus, on the indexes of heterospecific firmness of organism of pig of large black breed prevailed the persons of the same age of large white breed. A difference is highly reliable for PhA (Р<0,001),  IPh (Р<0,001), a reliable difference is also educed after the amount of eosinophilic granulocytes in 1 ml of blood (Р<0,01).

After the eosinophilic test of 56% animals of large white breed were taken to stress stableness, and among the investigated pigs of large black breed, stress stableness animals it was on 12% anymore (Р<0,01).

The polycarpousness of sows of large white breed was on the average 10,6±0,14 piglets on опорос, and in the sows of large black breed - 9,5±0,40 piglets on опорос, however,  for the sows of large white breed, on 1.8% anymore it was stillborn piglets, that comports with literary data about the high reproduced ability of pigs of large black breed.

Among the animals of large white breed it is educed 44% of stress sensitive individuals. From data of analysis of variance force of influence of a stress status on mortinatality presented 38%. (η2х= 0,38; Р< 0,05).

Stored of young animals in a suction period the sows of large black breed had higher on 1,8 % than for the sows of large white breed. It we explained by that the animals of large black breed are more proof to stress and have higher indexes of heterospecific resistance. This fact is confirmed by previous researches .

After the index of living mass the new-born piglets of large white breed (1,72±0,23) prevailed the persons of the same age of large black breed (1,43±0,31 (Р<0,001)). In age 60 days the substantial is set, statistically reliable, difference after living mass between the piglets of two breeds, so the piglets of large white breed (18,2±0,33) prevailed the persons of the same age of large black breed (16,8 ±0,23) on 1,4 kg (Р<0,001).

The educed economic-biological features of pigs of two breeds in the conditions of one economy specify on perspective of large black breed in relation to stored to the sapling/pl and diminishing to departure of piglets in an early period of ontogenesis. At the same time a large white breed prevails after polycarpousness. Thus, in the conditions of economy of PAE "Dzvenache" it is expedient to conduct the interbreed crossing with the purpose of fixing of valuable internalss of educed in breeds and providing of sufficient level of profitability.