bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nordic Twin Study on Cancer — NorTwinCan
Authors: Harris Jennifer R. , Hjelmborg Jacob , Adami Hans-Olov , Czene Kamila , Mucci Lorelei , Kaprio Jaakko ,   Nordic Twin Study of Cancer (NorTwinCan) Collaboration
Published: September 2019

Nordic twin studies have played a critical role in understanding cancer etiology and elucidating the nature of familial effects on site-specific cancers. The NorTwinCan consortium is a collaborative effort that capitalizes on unique research advantages made possible through the Nordic system of registries. It was constructed by linking the population-based twin registries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden to their country-specific national cancer and cause-of-death registries. These linkages enable the twins to be followed many decades for cancer incidence and mortality. To date, two major linkages have been conducted: NorTwinCan I in 2011–2012 and NorTwinCan II in 2018. Overall, there are 315,413 eligible twins, 57,236 incident cancer cases and 58 years of follow-up, on average. In the initial phases of our work, NorTwinCan established the world’s most comprehensive twin database for studying cancer, developed novel analytical approaches tailored to address specific research considerations within the context of the Nordic data and leveraged these models and data in research publications that provide the most accurate estimates of heritability and familial risk of cancers reported in the literature to date. Our findings indicate an excess familial risk for nearly all cancers and demonstrate that the incidence of cancer among twins mirrors the rate in the general population. They also revealed that twin concordance for cancer most often manifests across, rather than within, cancer sites, and we are currently focusing on the analysis of these cross-cancer associations.
One Minute Wonder zielgerecht gestalten
Authors: Krüger Lars , Mannebach Thomas
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung. One Minute Wonder (OMW) sind Poster mit komprimierten Lerninhalten. Diese werden an Stellen präsentiert, an denen während der täglichen Arbeitszeit regelmäßig kurze Wartezeiten entstehen. OMW bilden als zusätzliche Fortbildungsmaßnahme in der Pflege vielseitige Möglichkeiten. In der Praxis stellt sich jedoch immer wieder die Frage, wie ein Lernposter optimal gestaltet werden kann. Der nachfolgende Artikel gibt auf diese Frage Antworten und thematisiert einen möglichen Einsatz von OMW im Rahmen des Unterrichts.
Guter Start ins Familienleben
Authors: Metzger Marius , Stadelmann Karin A.
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Mehrheit der unsicher gebundenen Eltern überträgt den eigenen Bindungsstil auf die Bindung zu den eigenen Kindern. Bilden solche Kinder ebenfalls einen unsicheren Bindungsstil aus, so bleiben deren Möglichkeiten zur Welterschliessung beschränkt. In der vorliegenden Interventionsstudie wurde mittels eines Elternbildungsangebotes als Beitrag zur Patientenedukation der Versuch unternommen, den Bindungsstil von erstgebärenden Eltern im Übergang zur Elternschaft zu verändern, bevor sich dieser in der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung stabil etablieren konnte.
Soil Moisture Drives Great Plains Cloud Formation
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: September 2019

A new study shows that models that reproduce moisture on land are better at accurately recreating cumulus cloud behavior.
Our Seismic Solar System
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: September 2019

Earth’s not the only thing that shakes and quakes and goes around the Sun. Not by a long shot.
New Volcanic Complex Found Below the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: September 2019

Researchers have identified a previously unknown volcanic-intrusive complex that originated through the melting of mantle material at the northern edge of the Ionian slab.
Nonideal Electric Field Observed in the Separatrix Region of a Magnetotail Reconnection Event
Authors: Yu Xiancai , Wang Rongsheng , Lu Quanming , Russell Christopher T. , Wang Shui
Published: September 2019

Based on the Magnetospheric Multiscale observations in the magnetotail, we present a complete crossing of the current sheet with ongoing magnetic reconnection. The field‐aligned inflowing electrons were observed in both separatrix regions (SRs) and their energy extended up to several times of the thermal energy. Along the SR, a net parallel electrostatic potential was estimated and could be the reason for the inflowing electron streaming. In the northern SR, the electron frozen‐in condition was violated and nonideal electric field was inferred to be caused by the gradient of the electron pressure tensor. The nongyrotropic electron distribution and significant energy dissipation were observed at the same region. The observations indicate that the inner electron diffusion region can extend along the separatrices or some electron‐scale instability can be destabilized in the SR.
Radiative Effect of Mineral Dust on East Asian Summer Monsoon During the Last Glacial Maximum: Role of Snow‐Albedo Feedback
Authors: Shi Zhengguo , Xie Xiaoning , Ren Xin , Li Xinzhou , Yang Liu , Lei Jing , Liu Xiaodong , An Zhisheng
Published: September 2019

Mineral dust exerts great influence on modern climate. Eolian deposits reveal that atmospheric dust concentration is larger during the Last Glacial Maximum, especially over Asia. However, the larger forcing of dust on Asian climate is still not fully explored. In this study, climate model experiments are conducted to evaluate the direct radiative effect on East Asian monsoon. The results show that the radiative forcing of dust, amplified by snow albedo feedback over high‐latitude Eurasia, produces a wave‐like pattern in westerlies and weakens the monsoon southerly winds over northern China. Dust over expanded Last Glacial Maximum sources (northern Central Asia and northeastern Russia) is responsible for this perturbation of the westerlies; the absence of these dust sources at present explains why such impacts on circulations are not simulated for modern conditions. The dust‐induced anomalies in southerly wind speed and precipitation over northern China reach 29% and 41% of the glacial‐induced changes, respectively.
PM2.5 Pollution Modulates Wintertime Urban Heat Island Intensity in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei Megalopolis, China
Authors: Yang Yuanjian , Zheng Zuofang , Yim Steve Y.L. , Roth Matthias , Ren Guoyu , Gao Zhiqiu , Wang Tijian , Li Qingxiang , Shi Chune , Ning Guicai , Li Yubin
Published: September 2019

Heavy PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm) pollution and urban heat island (UHI) pose increasing threats to human health and living environment in populated cities. However, how PM2.5 pollution affects the UHI intensity (UHII) has not been fully understood. The impacts of PM2.5 on the wintertime UHII in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei megalopolis of China are explored during 2013–2017. The results show that the UHII at the time of daily maximum/minimum temperature (UHIImax/UHIImin) exhibits a decreasing/increasing tendency as PM2.5 concentration increases, causing a continuous decrease in the diurnal temperature range. These effects are mediated via aerosol‐radiation interaction (aerosol‐cloud interaction) under clear‐sky (cloudy) condition. The changes in PM2.5 concentration further cause different relative trends of UHIImax/UHIImin/diurnal temperature range across different cities in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region, which are likely related to the differences in both the PM2.5 composition and city size. This study provides insights on how air pollution affects urban climate and would help to design effective mitigation strategies.
Solar Flare Effects on 150‐km Echoes Observed Over Jicamarca: WACCM‐X Simulations
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Chau J. L. , Vierinen J. , Qian L. , Reyes P. , Kudeki E. , Lehmacher G. , Oppenheim M.
Published: September 2019

Jicamarca Radio Observatory observations and Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCM‐X) simulations are used to investigate the effects of the 7 September 2005 X‐17 solar flare on 150‐km echoes, electron densities, and vertical plasma drifts. The solar flare produces a remarkably similar response in the observed 150‐km echoes and simulated electron densities. The results provide additional evidence of the relationship between the background electron density and the layering structure that is seen in 150‐km echoes. The simulations also capture a similar rapid decrease in vertical plasma drift velocity that is seen in the observations. The simulated change in vertical plasma drift is, however, weaker than the observed decrease at the longitude of Jicamarca, though it is stronger east of Jicamarca. The effect of the solar flare on the vertical plasma drifts is primarily attributed to changes in conductivity due to the enhanced ionization during the solar flare.
Influence of Grain Boundary Structural Evolution on Pressure Solution Creep Rates
Authors: van den Ende M. P. A. , Niemeijer A. R. , Spiers C. J.
Published: September 2019

Intergranular pressure solution is a well‐known rock deformation mechanism in wet regions of the upper crust and has been widely studied, especially in the framework of compaction of granular materials, such as reservoir sandstones and fault rocks. Several analytical models exist that describe compaction creep by stress‐induced mass transport, and the parameters involved are relatively well constrained by laboratory experiments. While these models are capable of predicting compaction behavior observed at relatively high porosities, they often overestimate compaction rates at porosities below 20% by up to several orders of magnitude. This suggests that the microphysical processes operating at low porosities are different and are not captured well by existing models. The implication is that available models cannot be extrapolated to describe compaction of sediments and fault rocks to the low porosities often reached under natural conditions. To address this problem, we propose a new, thermodynamic model that describes the decline of pressure solution rates within individual grain contacts as a result of time‐averaged growth of asperities or islands and associated constriction of the grain boundary diffusion path (here termed grain boundary evolution). The resulting constitutive equations for single grain‐grain contacts are then combined and solved semianalytically. The compaction rates predicted by the model are compared with those measured in high‐strain compaction experiments on wet granular halite. A significant reduction in compaction rate is predicted when grain boundary evolution is considered, which compares favorably with the experimental compaction data.
An Experimental Study of Matrix Dissolution and Wormhole Formation Using Gypsum Core Flood Tests: 2. Dissolution Kinetics and Modeling
Authors: Li Wei , Einstein Herbert H. , Germaine John T.
Published: September 2019

In the parallel paper by Li et al. (2019; https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB017238), an effluent chemistry monitoring system was designed and used in core flood experiments to continuously measure the effluent concentration and study the evolution of the rock‐fluid system. In this study, the results from the parallel paper were used for interpretation and modeling of the dissolution and wormhole formation. Based on the behavior of the effluent concentration, two transient states and two quasi‐steady states were defined to describe the dissolution in the rock‐fluid system. Dimensional analysis was used to identify the controlling mechanisms of the dissolution and transport in the matrix and the wormholes. The dimensional analysis showed that the dissolution in the matrix was reaction controlled, while the dissolution in the wormholes was diffusion controlled. It also showed that the rock‐fluid system evolved from reaction‐controlled dissolution to diffusion‐controlled dissolution during the core flood tests. A continuum model and the extended Graetz solution were used to model the dissolution in the matrix and in the wormholes, respectively. In the continuum model, this study estimates the effective surface area as a function of the flow rate (injection flux), to account for the effect of flow conditions on dissolution. Finally, a semiempirical model combining the continuum model and the extended Graetz solution was developed to simulate the formation of wormholes and the evolution of the dissolution kinetics during core flood tests.
The Malvinas Current at the Confluence With the Brazil Current: Inferences From 25 Years of Mercator Ocean Reanalysis
Authors: Artana Camila , Provost Christine , Lellouche Jean‐Michel , Rio Marie‐Hélène , Ferrari Ramiro , Sennéchael Nathalie
Published: September 2019

Twenty‐five years of high‐resolution (1/12°) ocean reanalysis are used to examine the Confluence of the Malvinas Current (MC) with the Brazil Current (BC) from synoptic to interannual time scales. The model transports of the MC (38.0 Sv ± 7.4 Sv 57 at 41°S) and the BC (23.0 Sv ± 11 Sv at 36°S) agree with observations. The model shows the branching of the MC near the Confluence with an offshore branch returning south and an inner branch sinking below the BC and managing to continue northward along the continental slope. Northward velocities associated with the subsurface inner branch peak at 40 cm/s at 36°S at 700‐m depth. The model documents the migrations of the Subantarctic (SAF) and Subtropical Fronts (STF) at the Confluence. The SAF and STF positions vary over a large range at synoptic (800 km) and interannual scale (300 and 200 km, respectively) compared to the rather small seasonal migrations of the STF (150 km) and SAF (50 km). While trends in the MC are small over the 25 years of the reanalysis, the BC becomes more intense (12.5 cm/s), saltier (0.37 psu), and warmer (2.5°C) in the upper 1,000 m. These trends are accompanied with a southward displacement of the STF and the SAF of 150 and 50 km.
Progressive Evolution of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Sediment Weathering Intensity Since the Three Gorges Dam Operation
Authors: Yang Chengfan , Yang Shouye , Song Jiaze , Vigier Nathalie
Published: September 2019

Chemical composition of river sediments and dissolved load is classically used to infer controls on continental weathering and, therefore, exert an important role on the understanding of the global carbon and biogeochemical cycles. To date, most studied river basins are strongly impacted by dam constructions; however, the effects of dams on sediment chemical compositions are little known. The Three Gorges Dam is one of the largest dams in the world and began impounding water in 2003 in the Changjiang basin. In order to investigate the impact of this dam on downstream sediment chemistry, temporal variation of sediment weathering intensity is reported here based on analyzed and compiled data between 1997 and 2018. Downstream sediments collected before 2003 are characterized by weak weathering intensity, in agreement with the overwhelming flux and fast transfer of sediments derived from the mountainous upper watershed. After the Three Gorges Dam operation, strong midlower riverbed erosion changed the roles of the midlower reaches from important sinks to major sources of sediments delivered to the East China Sea. This resulted in a progressive change of the sediment chemistry because the eroded midlower riverbed sediments were more deeply weathered, as confirmed by 150‐year‐old sediment cored in the lower mainstream and by mass‐balance calculations. This more intensive weathering may be explained by warmer climate and longer water‐rock interaction time in the midlower basin. Thus, this study suggests the need to quantify potential bias in weathering intensity and controls caused by damming activity in large river systems.
Root-associated microorganisms reprogram plant life history along the growth–stress resistance tradeoff
Authors: Ravanbakhsh Mohammadhossein , Kowalchuk George A , Jousset Alexandre
Published: September 2019

Growth–defense tradeoffs are a major constraint on plant evolution. While the genetics of resource allocation is well established, the regulatory role of plant-associated microorganisms is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that plant-associated microorganisms can reposition the plant phenotype along the same growth–defense tradeoff that determines phenotypic effects of plant mutations. We grew plants with microorganisms altering ethylene balance, a key hormone regulating plant investment into growth and stress tolerance. Microbial ethylene reduction had a similar effect to mutations disrupting ethylene signaling: both increased plant growth but at the cost of a strong stress hypersensitivity. We conclude that microbial impact on phenotype can offset the effects of mutations and that apparent plant growth promotion has strong pleiotropic effects. This study confirms that plant life history should be addressed as a joint product of plant genotype and its associated microbiota.
Salvador–Warts–Hippo pathway regulates sensory organ development via caspase-dependent nonapoptotic signaling
Authors: Wang Lan-Hsin , Baker Nicholas E.
Published: September 2019

The fundamental roles for the Salvador–Warts–Hippo (SWH) pathway are widely characterized in growth regulation and organ size control. However, the function of SWH pathway is less known in cell fate determination. Here we uncover a novel role of the SWH signaling pathway in determination of cell fate during neural precursor (sensory organ precursor, SOP) development. Inactivation of the SWH pathway in SOP of the wing imaginal discs affects caspase-dependent bristle patterning in an apoptosis-independent process. Such nonapoptotic functions of caspases have been implicated in inflammation, proliferation, cellular remodeling, and cell fate determination. Our data indicate an effect on the Wingless (Wg)/Wnt pathway. Previously, caspases were proposed to cleave and activate a negative regulator of Wg/Wnt signaling, Shaggy (Sgg)/GSK3β. Surprisingly, we found that a noncleavable form of Sgg encoded from the endogenous locus after CRISPR-Cas9 modification supported almost normal bristle patterning, indicating that Sgg might not be the main target of the caspase-dependent nonapoptotic process. Collectively, our results outline a new function of SWH signaling that crosstalks to caspase-dependent nonapoptotic signaling and Wg/Wnt signaling in neural precursor development, which might be implicated in neuronal pathogenesis.
Clustering algorithm for formations in football games
Authors: Narizuka Takuma , Yamazaki Yoshihiro
Published: September 2019

In competitive team sports, players maintain a certain formation during a game to achieve effective attacks and defenses. For the quantitative game analysis and assessment of team styles, we need a general framework that can characterize such formation structures dynamically. This paper develops a clustering algorithm for formations of multiple football (soccer) games based on the Delaunay method, which defines the formation of a team as an adjacency matrix of Delaunay triangulation. We first show that heat maps of entire football games can be clustered into several average formations: “442”, “4141”, “433”, “541”, and “343”. Then, using hierarchical clustering, each average formation is further divided into more specific patterns (clusters) in which the configurations of players are different. Our method enables the visualization, quantitative comparison, and time-series analysis for formations in different time scales by focusing on transitions between clusters at each hierarchy. In particular, we can extract team styles from multiple games regarding the positional exchange of players within the formations. Applying our algorithm to the datasets comprising football games, we extract typical transition patterns of the formation for a particular team.
Association among PlA1/A2 gene polymorphism, laboratory aspirin resistance and clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: An updated meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Jie , Zhou Yaqing , Wang Fei , Xu Ke , Kong Deyu , Bai Jianling , Chen Jun , Gong Xiaoxuan , Meng Haoyu , Li Chunjian
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the association among the PlA1/A2 gene polymorphism, laboratory aspirin resistance and adverse clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who were on aspirin maintainance therapy. A comprehensive literature search was performed and 35 eligible clinical trials including 19025 CAD patients were recruited. Adverse clinical outcomes involving all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke and target vessel revascularization (TVR) were analyzed. The definition of aspirin resistance in each study was accepted. Meta-analysis was performed using the Review Manager 5.3.5 System. In CAD patients, the PlA2 gene carriers had similar incidence of laboratory aspirin resistance compared to those with PlA1/A1 genotype [29.7% vs 28.3%, OR = 0.94 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.40, P = 0.74)], and there were no significant differences in the adverse clinical outcomes between the PlA2 carriers and the PlA1/A1 genotype patients. However, the laboratory aspirin non-responders had higher risks of death [7.9% vs. 2.5%, OR = 2.42 (95% CI 1.86 to 3.15, P < 0.00001)] and TVR [4.5% vs. 1.7%, OR = 2.20 (95% CI 1.19 to 4.08, P = 0.01)] compared to the responders. In aspirin-treated CAD patients, the laboratory aspirin resistance predicts all-cause death and TVR. However, the PlA1/A2 gene polymorphism predicts neither the laboratory aspirin response nor the clinical outcomes.
Site-Directed Alkylation Detected by In-Gel Fluorescence (SDAF) to Determine the Topology Map and Probe the Solvent Accessibility of Membrane Proteins
Authors: Lin Yu-Hung , Lin Sung-Yao , Li Guan-Syun , Weng Shao-En , Tzeng Shu-Ling , Hsiao Yu-Hsuan , Hu Nien-Jen
Published: September 2019

The topology of helix-bundle membrane proteins provides low-resolution structural information with regard to the number and orientation of membrane-spanning helices, as well as the sidedness of intra/extra-cellular domains. In the past decades, several strategies have been developed to experimentally determine the topology of membrane proteins. However, generally, these methods are labour-intensive, time-consuming and difficult to implement for quantitative analysis. Here, we report a novel approach, site-directed alkylation detected by in-gel fluorescence (SDAF), which monitors the fluorescent band shift caused by alkylation of the EGFP-fused target membrane protein bearing one single introduced cysteine. In-gel fluorescence provides a unique readout of target membrane proteins with EGFP fusion from non-purified samples, revealing a distinct 5 kDa shift on SDS-PAGE gel due to conjugation with mPEG-MAL-5K. Using the structurally characterised bile acid transporter ASBTNM as an example, we demonstrate that SDAF generates a topology map consistent with the crystal structure. The efficiency of mPEG-MAL-5K modification at each introduced cysteine can easily be quantified and analysed, providing a useful tool for probing the solvent accessibility at a specific position of the target membrane protein.
DMBT1 inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa twitching motility involves its N-glycosylation and cannot be conferred by the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich bacteria-binding peptide domain
Authors: Li Jianfang , Wan Stephanie J. , Metruccio Matteo M. E. , Ma Sophia , Nazmi Kamran , Bikker Floris J. , Evans David J. , Fleiszig Suzanne M. J.
Published: September 2019

The scavenging capacity of glycoprotein DMBT1 helps defend mucosal epithelia against microbes. DMBT1 binding to multiple bacterial species involves its conserved Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich (SRCR) domains, localized to a 16-mer consensus sequence peptide, SRCRP2. Previously, we showed that DMBT1 bound Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili, and inhibited twitching motility, a pilus-mediated movement important for virulence. Here, we determined molecular characteristics required for twitching motility inhibition. Heat-denatured DMBT1 lost capacity to inhibit twitching motility and showed reduced pili binding (~40%). Size-exclusion chromatography of Lys-C-digested native DMBT1 showed that only high-Mw fractions retained activity, suggesting involvement of the N-terminal containing repeated SRCR domains with glycosylated SRCR-Interspersed Domains (SIDs). However, individual or pooled consensus sequence peptides (SRCRPs 1 to 7) showed no activity and did not bind P. aeruginosa pili; nor did recombinant DMBT1 (aa 1–220) or another SRCR-rich glycoprotein, CD163. Enzymatic de-N-glycosylation of DMBT1, but not de-O-glycosylation, reduced its capacity to inhibit twitching motility (~57%), without reducing pili binding. Therefore, DMBT1 inhibition of P. aeruginosa twitching motility involves its N-glycosylation, its pili-binding capacity is insufficient, and it cannot be conferred by the SRCR bacteria-binding peptide domain, either alone or mixed with other unlinked SRCRPs, suggesting an additional mechanism for DMBT1-mediated mucosal defense.
Graphene–aramid nanocomposite fibres via superacid co-processing
Authors: Roberts Aled D. , Kelly Paul , Bain Jennifer , Morrison John J. , Wimpenny Ian , Barrow Mike , Woodward Robert T. , Gresil Matthieu , Blanford Christopher , Hay Sam , Blaker Jonny J. , Yeates Steve G. , Scrutton Nigel S.
Published: September 2019

Chlorosulfonic acid, an effective graphene dispersant, can be employed to produce graphene-aramid composite fibres.
Formation of spherical calcium sulfate mesocrystals: orientation controlled by subunit growth
Authors: Chen Qiaoshan , Wu Luchao , Zeng Yaxiong , Jia Caiyun , Lin Junming , Yates Matthew Z. , Guan Baohong
Published: September 2019

A subunit growth controlled orientation uncovering the formation mechanism of spherical calcium sulfate mesocrystals.
Self-improvement of solar water oxidation for the continuously-irradiated hematite photoanode
Authors: Zhou Zhongyuan , Wu Shaolong , Xiao Chenhong , Li Liujing , Shao Weijia , Ding Hao , Wen Long , Li Xiaofeng
Published: September 2019

Both the bulk and surface electrical properties of the α-Fe2O3 photoanode are obviously self-improved under continuous irradiation.
Environmental release from automotive coatings are similar for different (nano)forms of pigments
Authors: Ruggiero Emmanuel , Vilsmeier Klaus , Mueller Philipp , Pulbere Sorin , Wohlleben Wendel
Published: September 2019

(Nano)form release analysis of artificial aged automotive coating supports to group the environmental release lifecycle of nanomaterials by intended use and product matrix.
Single shot laser ablation MC-ICP-MS for depth profile analysis of U isotopes in UO2 single crystals
Authors: Krachler M. , Bulgheroni A. , Martinez Ferri A. I. , Ma Y. , Miard A. , Garcia Ph.
Published: September 2019

Depth profiling of the n(235U)/n(238U) amount ratio in UO2 single crystals employing LA-MC-ICP-MS, a dual beam focused ion beam and confocal laser scanning profilometry.
Optimization of proximity-dependent initiation of hybridization chain reaction for improved performance
Authors: Leino Mattias , Heldin Johan , Sander Marie Rubin , Kermpatsou Despoina , Raykova Doroteya , Koos Björn , Söderberg Ola
Published: September 2019

Optimization of proximity-dependent initiation of hybridization chain reaction for use at varying concentrations of salt and temperature.
Biocatalysis explained: from pharmaceutical to bulk chemical production
Authors: Abdelraheem Eman M. M. , Busch Hanna , Hanefeld Ulf , Tonin Fabio
Published: September 2019

Biocatalysis is one of the most promising technologies for the sustainable synthesis of molecules for pharmaceutical, biotechnological and industrial purposes.
Akute unspezifische Rückenbeschwerden bei einer
professionellen Volleyballspielerin
Authors: Bant Harald
Published: September 2019

Anna ist ziemlich niedergeschlagen. Anna hat Rückenschmerzen. Sie kann weder ihr
Bett machen, noch kann sie ohne Schmerzen ihre Socken anziehen. Doch noch viel
schwerer wiegt, dass sie nicht mehr Volleyball spielen kann. Denn ein Leben ohne
Volleyball ist für Anna undenkbar. Spätestens in einem Vierteljahr will sie
wieder voll am Wettkampf teilnehmen. Wie ihr das mithilfe ihrer
Physiotherapeutin gelingt, erfahren Sie in unserem Fallbeispiel.
Entscheidungskriterien für die Reha bei lumbalen
Rückenbeschwerden
Authors: Möller Dirk
Published: September 2019

Es eine Tatsache, dass die Wirbelsäule vor allem im Sport höchsten Belastungen
ausgesetzt ist. Leider ist es auch eine Tatsache, dass die Rumpfmuskulatur nicht
immer so trainiert ist, wie sie es sein sollte. Dies gilt insbesondere nach
verletzungsbedingten Sport- und Trainingspausen. Zwar haben die Athleten meist
viel Kraft, die Rückenmuskulatur ist schön definiert und an den
unterschiedlichsten Trainingsgeräten zur Rückenkräftigung werden maximale
Ergebnisse erzielt. Trotzdem können Beschwerden in diesem scheinbar „starken“
Rücken bestehen bleiben, und die Unterbrechung der sportlichen Karriere dauert
länger als gedacht. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, wie man die Belastbarkeit in
Bezug auf den Rücken beurteilen kann und von welchen Kriterien man die
Progression in der Rehabilitation abhängig macht.
Zeitgemäße Rehabilitation für Sportler mit einer Verletzung
des vorderen Kreuzbandes
Authors: van Melick Nicky
Published: September 2019

Im Jahr 2012 wurden in den Niederlanden sechs erfahrene Experten beauftragt,
Richtlinien für die Therapie von Patienten mit vorderer Kreuzbandruptur zu
entwickeln. Erstmals veröffentlicht wurden diese Richtlinien im Jahr 2014. Seit
die Leitlinie 2016 im British Journal of Sports Medicine veröffentlicht wurde,
hat sie die Arbeit vieler Sportphysiotherapeuten auf der ganzen Welt
beeinflusst.
Trastuzumab in der Behandlung schwangerer Mammakarzinompatientinnen – ein Literaturüberblick
Authors: Goller Sophia S. , Markert Udo R. , Fröhlich Karolin
Published: September 2019

Das Mammakarzinom gehört zu den am häufigsten in der Schwangerschaft auftretenden Malignomen. Da Frauen zunehmend erst in fortgeschrittenem Alter gebären, ist anzunehmen, dass die Inzidenz schwangerschaftsassoziierter Mammakarzinome zukünftig weiter steigen wird. Aufgrund schwangerschaftsbedingter Veränderungen und zurückhaltender Diagnostik kommt es häufig dazu, dass diese Karzinome erst in fortgeschrittenen Stadien detektiert werden und somit meist einer systemischen adjuvanten Therapie bedürfen. Verfügbare Daten bezüglich des optimalen chemotherapeutischen Managements sind limitiert. Insbesondere zur Anwendung des Target-Agents Trastuzumab, das in der Therapie des HER2-überexprimierenden Mammakarzinoms der nicht schwangeren Frau einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Prognose leisten konnte, fehlen dezidierte Informationen bezüglich des Wirk- und Sicherheitsprofils in der Schwangerschaft sowie auch hinsichtlich etwaiger Langzeiteffekte auf das Kind. Innerhalb der derzeit verfügbaren Literatur konnten 38 Schwangerschaften unter Trastuzumab zur Therapie eines Mammakarzinoms analysiert werden. Es lassen sich daraus Informationen gewinnen und Rückschlüsse ziehen, die zukünftig die Therapieoptionen der schwangeren Mammakarzinompatientin individualisieren und entscheidend verbessern können.
Significant Improvement in Quality of Life, Positive Effect on Sexuality, Lasting Reconstructive Result and Low Rate of Complications Following Cystocele Correction Using a Lightweight, Large-Pore, Titanised Polypropylene Mesh
Authors: Cadenbach-Blome Tina , Grebe Markus , Mengel Mathias , Pauli Friedrich , Greser Angelika , Fünfgeld Christian
Published: September 2019

Introduction Patients who suffer from pelvic organ prolapse can experience severe limitations in their quality of life. To improve the quality of life of women affected and achieve a stable reconstruction, surgical therapy is often indispensable. In conventional prolapse surgery, the rate of recurrence is high. For this reason, alloplastic mesh has been implanted increasingly in recent years to reconstruct the anatomy of the pelvic floor organs. Even if the anatomical result can be significantly improved as a result, the mesh-induced complications have been the subject of controversial discussion. In this national, multicentre study, the quality of life, anatomical result as well as the rate of complications following the implantation of an alloplastic mesh for the correction of a cystocele were investigated.

Method Fifty-four patients with symptomatic ≥ grade II were included in this prospective, national, multicentre study. The study participants were implanted with a titanised polypropylene mesh (TiLOOP® PRO A, pfm medical ag). The follow-up observation period was 12 months. Primary as well as repeat procedures were taken into account. The anatomic result of the pelvic floor reconstruction was quantified using the POP-Q system. Data on quality of life and sexuality were collected using validated questionnaires. All complications which occurred were documented and evaluated by an independent committee.

Results On average, the patients were in line with the census. An improvement in quality of life was able to be determined during the study in all domains investigated (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test). Minus incorrect entries and incorrect reports, a total of 19 reports of adverse events in 15 patients were evaluated by the end of the study. The rate of recurrence in the anterior compartment was 4.3%.

Conclusion In the reconstruction of the anatomical position of the pelvic floor organs given the presence of a symptomatic cystocele, the implantation of a third-generation alloplastic mesh achieves very good results. Affected patients benefit from the anatomical stability as well as a significant improvement in quality of life, whereby the risks are justifiable.
Xerostomia Therapy Due to Ionized Radiation Using Preconditioned Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Mulyani Sri Wigati Mardi , Astuti Eha Renwi , Wahyuni Otty Ratna , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Ramadhani Nastiti Faradilla
Published: September 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the process of regeneration of damaged salivary glands due to ionizing radiations by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation that have been given hypoxic preconditioning with 1% O2 concentration.

Materials and Methods Stem cell culture was performed under normoxic (O2: 21%) and hypoxic conditions by incubating the cells for 48 hours in a low oxygen tension chamber consisting of 95% N2, 5% CO2, and 1% O2. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: two groups of control and two groups of treatment. A single dose of 15 Gy radiation was provided to the ventral region of the neck in all treatment groups, damaging the salivary glands. BM-MSCs transplantation was performed in the treatment groups for normoxia and hypoxia 24-hour postradiation.

Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was done using normality test, followed by MANOVA test (p < 0.05).

Results There was a significant difference in the expression of binding SDF1-CXCR4, Bcl-2 (p < 0.05) and also the activity of the enzyme α-amylase in all groups of hypoxia.

Conclusion BM-MSCs transplantation with hypoxic precondition increases the expression of binding SDF1-CXCR4, Bcl-2 that contributes to cell migration, cell survival, and cell differentiation.
Histological Assessment of Palatal Donor Site Wound Healing after Application of Moringa oleifera Lamarck Leaf Extract in Rats
Authors: Amaliya Amaliya , Muhaimina Regina Kumala , Susanto Agus , Sutjiatmo Afifah B.
Published: September 2019

Objective Palatal excisional wound healing in 60 Sprague–Dawley rats was studied for a period of 14 days.

Materials and Methods The wounds were made with a punch biopsy instrument with a diameter of 4 mm. After wounding, the test groups received a topical gel of Moringa oleifera Lamarck 2% or 4% leaf extract, whereas control groups received povidone iodine gel and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 4%). Three rats were killed at 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after wounding from each allocated group. The wounds were assessed at different control times and light microscopy was employed to view serial sections from blocks with magnification.

Results Histological examination revealed that group treated with M. oleifera Lamarck 4% leaf extract showed the highest fibroblast synthesis and collagen deposition.

Conclusion This study suggests that M. oleifera Lamarck leaf extract could be developed as a therapeutic agent for wound healing.
Acute Nontraumatic Muscle Weakness
Authors: Jangra Kiran , Bhagat Hemant , Takkar Aastha
Published: September 2019

Acute nontraumatic weakness (ANTW) is defined as acute onset of weakness in any part of the body. The weakness occurs due to interruption at any point along the motor pathway. The motor pathway originates from upper motor neuron cells in the cerebral cortex and traverses through the brainstem till lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. The axon of a lower motor neuron is known as the peripheral motor nerve that synapses with muscle. ANTW is of varied etiology and presentation that may be immediately life-threatening if respiratory muscles or autonomic nervous system is involved. Involvement of respiratory muscles may be associated with respiratory failure that may require mechanical ventilation. The weakness may be localized to one limb or generalized involving several muscle groups. When bulbar muscles are involved, weakness leads to problem in swallowing and coughing that endangers the patient's airway. Similarly, the course of the disease also varies, and these patients may worsen rapidly. Hence, a comprehensive history, systematic evaluation, and a detailed neurological examination are performed to localize the disorder. There are specific clinical features peculiar to the particular location of the lesion in the body. Hence, it is possible to anatomically localize these lesions based on the clinical features. Initial laboratory tests and appropriate neuroimaging should be obtained as indicated by history and examination. The time-sensitive emergencies should be addressed immediately, as the delay in management may lead to either permanent neurological damage or may worsen the overall outcome in such conditions. The initial management should always include care of airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC). The imaging should be obtained only after initial stabilization of ABC. The definitive treatment should be done as per the etiology.
Coalescence of geodesics in exactly solvable models of last passage percolation
Authors: Basu Riddhipratim , Sarkar Sourav , Sly Allan
Published: September 2019

Coalescence of semi-infinite geodesics remains a central question in planar first passage percolation. In this paper, we study finer properties of the coalescence structure of finite and semi-infinite geodesics for exactly solvable models of last passage percolation. Consider directed last passage percolation on Z2 with independent and identically distributed exponential weights on the vertices. Fix two points v1 = (0, 0) and v2 = (0, k2/3) for some k > 0, and consider the maximal paths Γ1 and Γ2 starting at v1 and v2, respectively, to the point (n, n) for n ≫ k. Our object of study is the point of coalescence, i.e., the point v ∈ Γ1 ∩ Γ2 with smallest |v|1. We establish that the distance to coalescence |v|1 scales as k, by showing the upper tail bound P(|v|1>Rk)≤R−c for some c > 0. We also consider the problem of coalescence for semi-infinite geodesics. For the almost surely unique semi-infinite geodesics in the direction (1, 1) starting from v3 = (−k2/3, k2/3) and v4 = (k2/3, −k2/3), we establish the optimal tail estimate P(|v|1>Rk)≍R−2/3, for the point of coalescence v. This answers a question left open by Pimentel [Ann. Probab. 44(5), 3187–3206 (2016)] who proved the corresponding lower bound.
Concurrent atomistic-continuum modeling of crystalline materials
Authors: Chen Youping , Shabanov Sergei , McDowell David L.
Published: September 2019

In this work, we present a concurrent atomistic-continuum (CAC) method for modeling and simulation of crystalline materials. The CAC formulation extends the Irving-Kirkwood procedure for deriving transport equations and fluxes for homogenized molecular systems to that for polyatomic crystalline materials by employing a concurrent two-level description of the structure and dynamics of crystals. A multiscale representation of conservation laws is formulated, as a direct consequence of Newton's second law, in terms of instantaneous expressions of unit cell-averaged quantities using the mathematical theory of distributions. Finite element (FE) solutions to the conservation equations, as well as fluxes and temperature in the FE representation, are introduced, followed by numerical examples of the atomic-scale structure of interfaces, dynamics of fracture and dislocations, and phonon thermal transport across grain boundaries. In addition to providing a methodology for concurrent multiscale simulation of transport processes under a single theoretical framework, the CAC formulation can also be used to compute fluxes (stress and heat flux) in atomistic and coarse-grained atomistic simulations.
Thermosize voltage induced in a ballistic graphene nanoribbon junction
Authors: Aydin Alhun , Fransson Jonas , Sisman Altug
Published: September 2019

A thermoelectric voltage is induced in a junction, constituted of two dissimilar materials under a temperature gradient. Similarly, a thermosize voltage is expected to be induced in a junction made by the same material but having different sizes, so-called thermosize junction. This is a consequence of dissimilarity in Seebeck coefficients due to differences in classical and/or quantum size effects in the same materials with different sizes. The studies on thermosize effects in the literature are mainly based on semiclassical models under relaxation time approximation or even simpler local equilibrium ones where only very general ideas and results have been discussed without considering quantum transport approaches and specific materials. To make more realistic predictions for a possible experimental verification, here we consider ballistic thermosize junctions made by narrow and wide (n−w) pristine graphene nanoribbons with perfect armchair edges and calculate the electronic contribution to the thermosize voltage, at room temperature, by using the Landauer formalism. The results show that the maximum thermosize voltage can be achieved for semiconducting nanoribbons and it is about an order of magnitude larger than that of metallic nanoribbons. In the semiconducting case, the thermosize voltage forms a characteristic plateau for a finite range of gating conditions. We demonstrate, through numerical calculations, that the induced thermosize voltage per temperature difference can be in the scale of mV/K, which is high enough for experimental measurements. Owing to their high and persistent thermosize voltage values, graphene nanoribbons are expected to be good candidates for device applications of thermosize effects.
Two-dimensional plasmonic biosensing platform: Cellular activity detection under laser stimulation
Authors: Saeidifard Sajede , Sohrabi Foozieh , Ghazimoradi Mohammad Hossein , Hamidi Seyedeh Mehri , Farivar Shirin , Ansari Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2019

Combining biosensors with nanoscience provides great advantages such as being label-free and real time, highly sensitive, and small in size, as well as providing a low limit of detection and integration to other systems. That is why plasmonics finds various applications in drug detection, food safety, agriculture, photothermal therapy, etc. In this paper, we have fabricated a two-dimensional plasmonic grating biosensor using a soft lithography technique, which has eliminated some disadvantages of conventional plasmonic structures like expensive fabrication cost, inflexibility, and lack of mass production. On the other hand, we benefited from infrared neural stimulation for regulating membrane depolarization, which was based on photothermal mechanism and provided a contact-free and high spatial/temporal resolution. Eventually, the membrane depolarization of two different cell types of Hep G2 and mesenchymal stem cells cultured on two-dimensional plasmonic structure has been investigated under infrared neural stimulation. After preparing the soft plasmonic crystal, its reflection spectra and respective ellipsometry parameters were analyzed before and after cell culture with/without stimulation (near-infrared immune region ∼1450 nm). By comparing the obtained ellipsometry results for HEP G2 and mesenchymal stem cells, it is observed that the behavior of two cell types with respect to IR stimulation was the same as well as providing us the possibility of distinguishing the level of membrane depolarization under various stimulating frequencies. The strength of this integrated system for membrane depolarization detection has been shown experimentally, which can open new avenues toward neuroplasmonic application in the future.
Effect of oxygen stoichiometry on the magnetization profiles and negative magnetization in LSMO thin films
Authors: Trappen Robbyn , Grutter Alexander J. , Huang Chih-Yeh , Penn Aubrey , Mottaghi Navid , Yousefi Saeed , Haertter Allison , Kumari Shalini , LeBeau James , Kirby Brian J. , Holcomb Mikel B.
Published: September 2019

The depth-dependent magnetization in thin film oxygen stoichiometric and oxygen-deficient La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 is investigated by using polarized neutron reflectivity and DC bulk magnetometry. The polarized neutron reflectivity results reveal that the stoichiometric sample shows enhanced interfacial magnetization relative to the rest of the film. The oxygen-deficient sample exhibits a reduced average magnetization from the optimized recipe. Both films show regions of suppressed magnetization at the surface regardless of the growth pressure. The oxygen stoichiometric film does not show an interfacial dead layer, whereas the oxygen-deficient film exhibits a dead layer whose thickness changes with temperature. At a low applied field, we observe striking differences in the depth dependence of the magnetic ordering, with the oxygen-deficient film exhibiting exchange spring behavior, while the stoichiometric film shows a constant magnetization direction across the film. These results suggest that the incorporation of oxygen vacancies during growth leads to an accumulation of vacancies at the interface, which is enhanced at higher temperature due to increased oxygen mobility, creating a region of reduced magnetism that couples to the rest of the film. These results offer insight into the complex behavior and role of oxygen vacancies in the magnetism of these systems. Additionally, the study reveals further details of the negative magnetization in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 reported in previous studies, which are discussed here.
Ion dynamics, rheology and electrochemical performance of UV cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte for Li-ion battery
Authors: Dam Tapabrata , Jena Sidhartha S. , Ghosh Aswini
Published: September 2019

The structural, vibrational, thermal, rheological, electrical, and dielectric properties of a series of UV cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte membranes, comprising ionic liquid, carbonate plasticizers, and lithium tetrafluoroborate salt, are investigated using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, rheology, and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Rheological studies suggest that the synthesized gel polymer electrolyte membranes exhibit stable elastic behavior. The ionic transport mechanism and relaxation dynamics are systematically studied using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The conductivity of these semi-interpenetrating polymer network based gel polymer electrolytes is found to be ∼10−3 S cm−1. The composition, which shows the highest conductivity value of 6.69×10−3 S cm−1 at ambient temperature, is also mechanically very much stable at a yield stress of 872 Pa. Hence, this gel polymer electrolyte is worthy of the device fabrication. Finally, coin cell batteries are fabricated using these gel polymer electrolyte membranes and their electrochemical performance is analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The optimized gel polymer electrolyte membrane shows long-term oxidative stability against lithium. The batteries also exhibit excellent cyclability.