bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing Relatedness-Supportive Teaching Strategies to Promote Learning in the College Classroom
Authors: Escandell Sthephany , Chu Tsz Lun (Alan)
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Relatedness—a sense of meaningful connectedness and belonging—is one of the basic psychological needs proposed by self-determination theory.

Statement of the Problem

The current literature lacks evidence-based strategies that support student relatedness in the college classroom. In education, research has indicated what strategies support relatedness, but not how to implement this well-established and important concept in the college classroom.

Literature Review

Self-determination theory suggests that supporting relatedness between the instructor and students, and among students, can foster intrinsic motivation, internalization of extrinsic motivation, and performance in educational settings.

Teaching Implications

We present four evidence-based relatedness-supportive strategies—facilitating learning connections, preventing student self-silencing, providing and receiving feedback, and developing a student-centered classroom—to help promote greater student engagement and success in the classroom. We also share our examples and experiences applying these strategies as an instructor and an undergraduate teaching assistant in a physiological psychology course.

Conclusion

Feedback from students and our reflections suggest that the four strategies are effective, which can be adopted and adapted by other instructors to implement in their classrooms.
Pilomatrixoma and its Imitators
Authors: Zhao Adelaide , Kedarisetty Suraj , Arriola Aileen Grace P. , Isaacson Glenn
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Pilomatrixomas are benign neoplasms derived from hair follicle matrix cells. They are among the most common soft tissue head and neck tumors of childhood. Pilomatrixomas are typically isolated, slow-growing, firm, nontender masses that are adherent to the epidermis but mobile in the subcutaneous plane. This clinical presentation is so characteristic that many experienced surgeons will excise suspected pilomatrixomas without prior imaging. We reviewed the results of this approach to determine whether physical examination alone differentiates pilomatrixomas from other similar soft tissue lesions of the pediatric head and neck. Methods: Computerized review of all pilomatrixomas over a 20-year period in a single academic pediatric otolaryngology practice. Results: 18 patients presented to our pediatric otolaryngology practice between 2001 and 2021 with historical and physical findings consistent with pilomatrixoma. Of the 18 patients, 7 were male and 11 were female. Ages ranged from 1.5 to 14 years, with a mean of 7.5 years. Most of the lesions (12) were located in the head and face, while the rest (6) were found in the neck. All patients were treated with complete surgical excision. Pathology confirmed pilomatrixoma in 15 patients. The remaining 3 children were found to have an epidermal inclusion cyst, a ruptured trichilemmal cyst, and a giant molluscum contagiosum lesion, respectively. One additional patient presented with a small lesion of the auricular helix that was thought to be a dermoid cyst, but proved to be a pilomatrixoma on histologic examination. Discussion: As pilomatrixomas are common and have a very characteristic presentation, surgical excision without prior diagnostic imaging will lead to correct treatment in the majority of cases. High resolution ultrasonography can help to confirm the diagnosis preoperatively, but is not definitive in large case series. Most of the cystic lesions that imitate pilomatrixoma will ultimately require surgical excision.
Do Smarter People Have More Conservative Economic Attitudes? Assessing the Relationship Between Cognitive Ability and Economic Ideology
Authors: Jedinger Alexander , Burger Axel M.
Published: September 2021

Evidence on the association of cognitive ability with economic attitudes is mixed. We conducted a meta-analysis ( k = 20, N = 46,426) to examine the relationship between objective measures of cognitive ability and economic ideology and analyzed survey data ( N = 3,375) to test theoretical explanations for the association. The meta-analysis provided evidence for a small positive association with a weighted mean effect size of r = .07 (95% CI = [0.02, 0.12]), suggesting that higher cognitive ability is associated with conservative views on economic issues, but effect sizes were extremely heterogeneous. Tests using representative survey data provided support for both a positive association of cognitive ability with economic conservatism that is mediated through income as well as for a negative association that is mediated through a higher need for certainty. Hence, multiple causal mechanisms with countervailing effects might explain the low overall association of cognitive ability with economic political attitudes.
How to improve the university library intelligent knowledge service: A system dynamics model
Authors: Chen Mang , McNab Anna , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2021

Based on the theory of system dynamics, this article analyses the system composition of a university library intelligent knowledge service (IKS) and its relevant functions. First, we designed a system dynamics model involved the steps and flow of system modelling, the analysis and frame diagram, the system boundaries and their settings, and the system causality model. Furthermore, the system simulation of the IKS is carried out with result analysis, validity test and application analysis. The system simulation results show that (1) the model can simulate the system operation processes of a university library IKS, (2) the model reveals the relationships and the operation trends among the elements of the IKS and (3) the effective implementation of a library IKS can be improved by following the essential law of service development, paying attention to the coordination and interaction among constituent elements, and influencing measures around key variables.
Editorial introduction: Gender and political financing
Authors: Murray Rainbow , Muriaas Ragnhild , Wang Vibeke
Published: September 2021

Contesting elections is extremely expensive. The need for money excludes many prospective candidates, resulting in the over-representation of wealth within politics. The cost of contesting elections has been underestimated as a cause of women’s under-representation. Covering seven case studies in six papers, this special issue makes theoretical and empirical contributions to understanding how political financing is gendered. We look at the impact on candidates, arguing that the personal costs of running for office can be prohibitive, and that fundraising is harder for female challengers. We also explore the role of political parties, looking at when and how parties might introduce mitigating measures to support female candidates with the costs of running. We demonstrate how political institutions shape the cost of running for office, illustrate how this is gendered and consider the potential consequences of institutional reform. We also note how societal gender norms can have financial repercussions for women candidates.
Occult blood flow patterns distal to an occluded artery in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Arrarte Terreros Nerea , van Willigen Bettine G , Niekolaas Wera S , Tolhuisen Manon L , Brouwer Josje , Coutinho Jonathan M , Beenen Ludo FM , Majoie Charles BLM , van Bavel Ed , Marquering Henk A
Published: September 2021

Residual blood flow distal to an arterial occlusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with favorable patient outcome. Both collateral flow and thrombus permeability may contribute to such residual flow. We propose a method for discriminating between these two mechanisms, based on determining the direction of flow in multiple branches distal to the occluding thrombus using dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography (dynamic CTA). We analyzed dynamic CTA data of 30 AIS patients and present patient-specific cases that identify typical blood flow patterns and velocities. We distinguished patterns with anterograde (N = 10), retrograde (N = 9), and both flow directions (N = 11), with a large variability in velocities for each flow pattern. The observed flow patterns reflect the interplay between permeability and collaterals. The presented method characterizes distal flow and provides a tool to study patient-specific distal tissue perfusion.
Changes in synaptic density in the subacute phase after ischemic stroke: A 11C-UCB-J PET/MR study
Authors: Michiels Laura , Mertens Nathalie , Thijs Liselot , Radwan Ahmed , Sunaert Stefan , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Verheyden Geert , Koole Michel , Van Laere Koen , Lemmens Robin
Published: September 2021

Functional alterations after ischemic stroke have been described with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and perfusion Positron Emission Tomography (PET), but no data on in vivo synaptic changes exist. Recently, imaging of synaptic density became available by targeting synaptic vesicle protein 2 A, a protein ubiquitously expressed in all presynaptic nerve terminals. We hypothesized that in subacute ischemic stroke loss of synaptic density can be evaluated with 11C-UCB-J PET in the ischemic tissue and that alterations in synaptic density can be present in brain regions beyond the ischemic core. We recruited ischemic stroke patients to undergo 11C-UCB-J PET/MR imaging 21 ± 8 days after stroke onset to investigate regional 11C-UCB-J SUVR (standardized uptake value ratio). There was a decrease (but residual signal) of 11C-UCB-J SUVR within the lesion of 16 stroke patients compared to 40 healthy controls (ratiolesion/controls = 0.67 ± 0.28, p = 0.00023). Moreover, 11C-UCB-J SUVR was lower in the non-lesioned tissue of the affected hemisphere compared to the unaffected hemisphere (ΔSUVR = −0.17, p = 0.0035). The contralesional cerebellar hemisphere showed a lower 11C-UCB-J SUVR compared to the ipsilesional cerebellar hemisphere (ΔSUVR = −0.14, p = 0.0048). In 8 out of 16 patients, the asymmetry index suggested crossed cerebellar diaschisis. Future research is required to longitudinally study these changes in synaptic density and their association with outcome.
Popular music lyrics and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Putter Kaila C , Krause Amanda E , North Adrian C
Published: September 2021

A limited amount of previous research suggests that deteriorating socioeconomic conditions may be associated with greater popularity of music lyrics featuring negative emotional content and references to relationships. The present research considered this in charting popular music before and during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. A dataset based on the song lyrics of the top-5 charting weekly songs in the United Kingdom and the United States from January 1999 to August 2020 was computer-analyzed for interpersonal variables, such as satisfaction and human interest, and positive and negative emotional valence. Results indicated lower satisfaction and human interest in lyrics in the United States and United Kingdom in the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the lyrics in charting songs in 2015–2019. The US charting songs in 2020 also saw higher leveling and negative emotional content, and, when considering monthly data from 1999 to 2020, there was a positive association between economic misery and the number of negatively valenced words. The findings broaden our understanding of the relationship between significant global events and trends in popular music.
Is Eliphaz a false prophet? The vision in Job 4.12-21
Authors: Burnight John
Published: September 2021

The night vision recounted by Job’s friend Eliphaz in Job 4.12-21 has received an extraordinary amount of scholarly attention. Among other difficulties, the core of the vision’s message (4.17) – typically interpreted as stating that humans cannot be just in God’s sight – appears to contradict Eliphaz’s statements elsewhere (e.g., 4.6-7). The relationship between 4.17 and the metaphors for death with which the vision ends has also occasioned considerable debate.

In this paper, it is argued that Eliphaz’s words can be viewed as a response to Job’s speech in Chapter 3, particularly his description of the sleep of death in 3.11-19. The poet portrays Eliphaz as having perceived Job’s words as a challenge to God’s justice and has him—after implying divine inspiration for his message with the use of an extraordinary set of oracular tropes in vv. 12-16—offer in vv. 17-21 a rebuke and warning evocative of those used by biblical prophets to call sinners to repentance. As the prologue indicates, however, Job’s suffering is not due to sin but instead to his superlative goodness; Eliphaz’s words are therefore profoundly misguided and can have no salutary effect.

In essence, I propose that the poet is presenting Eliphaz as an example of what Deut. 18.20 calls a ‘presumptuous prophet’, that is, one who wrongly claims that he is speaking on behalf of God. His remarks serve only to distance Job further from both the ‘friends’ and God, as Job’s sharper tone in Chapters 6-7 makes clear. This reading can help explain some of the more puzzling elements in these verses and also maintains the traditional attribution of the vision to Eliphaz (instead of to Job himself, as a growing number of scholars have proposed).
Identification of High-Risk Driving Behavior and Sections for Rail Systems
Authors: Chen Yu-Fu , Hsueh Kung-Chun , (Rex) Lai Yung-Cheng
Published: September 2021

Risk assessment is an important process for railway safety. Current practices for assessing the risks of driving behaviors aim to inspect the driving record generated by automatic train protection systems. This paper proposes an automatic process to access detailed data contained in driving data, and identifies six high-risk driving behaviors. The modules can assess the competency of drivers and evaluate the frequency of high-risk behaviors in each section. Moreover, an integrated risk index for driving behaviors is proposed to compare each driver and section. An empirical study for drivers and sections is performed to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the proposed modules in practice. Results reveal that 20% of high-risk drivers contribute to 74% of the total risk, while 15% of high-risk sections contribute to 80% of the total risk. The proposed modules identify the drivers and sections with high risk. By enabling the operators of railway systems to take countermeasures, this methodology could enable them to improve the safety of railway systems more efficiently.
Early-Stage Primary Anti-inflammatory Therapy Enhances the Regenerative Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in a Rabbit Achilles Tendinopathy Model
Authors: Ruan Dengfeng , Tang Chenqi , Fei Yang , Qian Shengjun , Xiang Xinyu , Xu Jialu , Huang Zizhan , Chen Xiao , Chin Heng Boon , Yin Zi , Chen Weishan , Liu Wanlu , Shen Weiliang , Ouyang Hongwei
Published: September 2021

Background:

Tendinopathy is a pervasive clinical problem that afflicts both athletes and the general public. Although the inflammatory changes in tendinopathy are well characterized, how the therapeutic effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tendinopathy are being modulated by the inflammatory environment is not well defined.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

In this study, we aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of PRP alone versus a combination of PRP with a primary glucocorticoid (GC) injection at the early stage of tendinopathy. We hypothesized that PRP treatment could promote better tendon regeneration through the suppression of inflammation with GC.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

The gene expression profile of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) cultured with PRP was analyzed with RNA sequencing. To evaluate the cell viability, senescence, and apoptosis of TSPCs under different conditions, TSPCs were treated with 0.1 mg/mL triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and/or 10% PRP in an IL1B–induced inflammatory environment. To further verify the effects of the sequential therapy of GCs and PRP, an early tendinopathy animal model was established through a local injection of collagenase in the rabbit Achilles tendon. The tendinopathy model was then treated with isopycnic normal saline (NS group), TA (TA group), PRP (PRP group), or TA and PRP successively (TA+PRP group). At 8 weeks after treatment, the tendons were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological examination, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and mechanical testing.

Results:

Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that PRP treatment of TPSCs induced an inflammatory response, regulated cell migration, and remodeled the extracellular matrix. Compared with the sole use of PRP, successive treatment with TA followed by PRP yielded similar results in cell viability and senescence but less cell apoptosis in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the TA+PRP group achieved significantly better tendon regeneration, as confirmed by MRI, histological examination, TEM, and mechanical testing.

Conclusion:

This study showed that the primary use of GCs did not exert any obvious deleterious side effects on the treated tendon but instead enhanced the regenerative effects of PRP in early inflammatory tendinopathy.

Clinical Relevance:

The sequential therapy of GCs followed by PRP provides a promising treatment strategy for tendinopathy in clinical practice. PRP combined with the primary use of GCs appears to promote tendon regeneration in early inflammatory tendinopathy.
Anti-Racism Education and Training for Adult Mentors Who Work With BIPOC Adolescents
Authors: Sánchez Bernadette , Anderson Amy J. , Weiston-Serdan Torie , Catlett Beth S.
Published: September 2021

Racism and White supremacy culture shape the experiences of youth and adults in mentoring programs, which is detrimental to the development of BIPOC youth. The aims of this paper are to a) show why anti-racism training and education for adult mentors is necessary for promoting the positive development of BIPOC youth and b) offer a framework for anti-racist education and training for mentors. We review research showing how mentors’ attitudes about race, ethnicity and culture can harm their relationships with BIPOC youth and research on general mentor training, anti-racism training for mentors, and general diversity and anti-bias training in the workplace. Crossing disciplinary boundaries to inform developmental science, we draw upon critical mentoring, culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogy, and ethnic/racial identity frameworks, and propose four components for anti-racist education and training for mentors: a) acknowledging, confronting, and interrupting racism, b) facilitating youth critical consciousness, c) supporting positive identity development in youth, and d) mentors and mentees as active agents and partners. At the foundation of these pillars is decentering and interrupting Whiteness and youth as co-constructors of knowledge. We offer suggestions for future research and practice in anti-racism training for mentors, which also have implications for youth-adult relationships across settings.
Predictive Value of Eosinophil Count on COVID-19 Disease Progression and Outcomes, a Retrospective Study of Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, China
Authors: Xuan Wei , Jiang Xuliang , Huang Lili , Pan Shuting , Chen Caiyang , Zhang Xiao , Zhu Hui , Zhang Song , Yu Weifeng , Peng Zhiyong , Su Diansan
Published: September 2021

Background

The potential protective role of eosinophils in the COVID-19 pandemic has aroused great interest, given their potential virus clearance function and the infection resistance of asthma patients to this coronavirus. However, it is unknown whether eosinophil counts could serve as a predictor of the severity of COVID-19.

Methods

A total of 1004 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, China, were enrolled in this study, including 905 patients in the general ward and 99 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). We reviewed their medical data to analyze the association between eosinophils and ICU admission and death.

Results

Of our 1004 patients with COVID-19, low eosinophil counts/ratios were observed in severe cases. After adjusting for confounders that could have affected the outcome, we found that eosinophil counts might not be a predictor of ICU admission. In 99 ICU patients, 58 of whom survived and 41 of whom died, low eosinophil level was an indicator of death in severe COVID-19 patients with a cutoff value of 0.04 × 109/L, which had an area under the curve of 0.665 (95% CI = 1.089-17.839; P = .045) with sensitivity and specificity of 0.569 and 0.7317, respectively.

Conclusion

Our research revealed that a low eosinophil level is a predictor of death in ICU patients rather than a cause of ICU admission.
Spirituality in Daily Healthcare Provided in Brazil: Meanings and Practices of the Nursing Team
Authors: Andrade João V. , de Mendonça Erica T. , Oliveira Deíse M. , de Souza Cristiane C. , Lins Ana L. Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

Objective: to understand the meanings and practices related to spirituality experienced by Nursing teams in the daily care provided in Oncology. Methods: qualitative research, guided by the theory of Holistic Nursing by Myra Levine, conducted with members of the Nursing team at an Oncology hospital in Brazil. Data collection was carried out in 2018, through an interview guided by a semi-structured script. Data analysis was performed using Lawrence Bardin's Content Analysis technique. Results: two categories emerged: the first brought to light the meanings attributed to spirituality by the Nursing team and the second category presented the practices of spiritual care by Nursing personnel in their daily routine in Oncology, highlighting that professionals address spirituality with patients in different ways. Conclusion: the approach to spirituality in Oncology care and in the professional training of Nursing personnel is essential, as a way of providing holistic and humanized care, thus strengthening the psycho-spiritual dimension in daily care.
Comparing Entrepreneurial Spirit in job descriptions seeking business undergraduates and graduates
Authors: Saeger Karla J , Wickam Molly J , Finley Lacey R
Published: September 2021

Employers hiring candidates with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) indicate that the Entrepreneurial Spirit (ES) concepts of teamwork, creativity, innovation and adaptability are important. This replication study examined the ES concepts most often appearing in job descriptions seeking to hire MBA candidates. These concepts were used to compare those ES concepts employers most often seek when hiring undergraduate business degree candidates. The literature review provides a background on the development of MBA programs, ES concepts and entrepreneurship education, how innovation is developed, and the perceived gap regarding the development of ES concepts between employers and MBA graduates. The study follows a quantitative content analysis methodology to compare two external datasets: undergraduate job descriptions and MBA job descriptions. The results show that the most desired ES concepts sought by companies were implementation, collaboration, and innovation. There was not a significant difference in ES concepts by job title category in job descriptions between undergraduate business degrees and job descriptions requiring an MBA. There was a significant difference in the concept of innovation. The findings suggest that the ES concept of innovation is more highly desired by companies seeking people with MBA degrees than by those seeking undergraduate business degree holders.
Design and experimental verification of the vehicle compressor rotor system with inhomogeneous foil bearings
Authors: Li Hao , Geng Haipeng
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the design and experimental verification of the rotor system with gas foil bearings are carried out with a vehicle compressor developed in our laboratory. The designed rotating speed 100,000 rpm with 50 g/s mass flow and 1.8 pressure ratio. The journal foil bearing with inhomogeneous bump foil is designed and tested by a push-pull device to evaluate the structure stiffness of bump foil. The result shows that the stiffness curves of two bearings with the same manufacturing process are not consistent, which indicates the uncertainly in the manufacture of foil bearings and it is necessary to obtain the foil stiffness data by experiment. A multi-disc model is established to simulate the impeller in the finite element model (FEM) for the vehicle compressor is too short to ignore the impeller width. The stiffness and damping coefficients of foil bearings are used to proceed rotordynamic analysis. The vibration experiments indicate that with the operating speed enhancement, the center orbit falls smaller. When the rotating speed increases to about 60,000 rpm, two sub-synchronous frequency occur and remain at 150 and 307 Hz finally. Two radial acceleration peaks appear at 9736 and 25,828 rpm respectively, which are close to the critical speed of damped Campbell diagram. The compressor performance map shows that the pressure ratio of the compressor is slightly lower than the design value due to the eccentricity of the foil bearing, which can be solved by increasing the operating speed. This paper provides some reference value for the design and experiment of vehicle compressor supported by the foil bearings.
Psychological Drivers of Individual Differences in Risk Perception: A Systematic Case Study Focusing on 5G
Authors: Frey Renato
Published: September 2021

What drives people’s perceptions of novel risks, and how malleable are such risk perceptions? Psychological research has identified multiple potential drivers of risk perception, but no studies have yet tested within a unified analytic framework how well each of these drivers accounts for individual differences in large population samples. To provide such a framework, I harnessed the deployment of 5G—the latest generation of cellular network technology. Specifically, I conducted a multiverse analysis using a representative population sample in Switzerland (Study 1; N = 2,919 individuals between 15 and 94 years old), finding that interindividual differences in risk perceptions were strongly associated with hazard-related drivers (e.g., trust in the institutions regulating 5G, dread) and person-specific drivers (e.g., electromagnetic hypersensitivity)—and strongly predictive of people’s policy-related attitudes (e.g., voting intentions). Further, a field experiment based on a national expert report on 5G ( N = 839 individuals in a longitudinal sample between 17 and 79 years old) identified links between intraindividual changes in psychological drivers and perceived risk, thus highlighting potential targets for future policy interventions.
Effects of geometric and operational uncertainties on aerodynamic performance of centrifugal compressor stage
Authors: Zhu Rui , Ju Yaping , Zhang Chuhua
Published: September 2021

No real centrifugal compressor can exactly conform to its design geometry and expected operating conditions due to the uncertainties existing in the manufacturing and operational processes. Such uncertainties have been increasingly recognised to be detrimental to compressor performance. However, quite few studies have focused on the combined effects of geometric and operational uncertainties on compressor performance, and the underlying flow mechanism even remains unclear. In this context, we here present an uncertainty analysis of a centrifugal compressor stage, with both geometric and operational uncertainties taken into account. With the combination of CFD simulation and nonintrusive sparse grid based stochastic collocation methods, the combined and individual effects of total inlet temperature, total inlet pressure, outlet mass flow, impeller tip clearance and hub fillet radius on the stage/impeller performance are quantified and analysed. Particular attention is paid to elucidating the compressor performance variations through flow field and energy decomposition analyses. Results show that the considered uncertainties exert more influence on the compressor stage performance rather than on the impeller performance. Amongst the examined uncertainties, the impeller tip clearance contributes the most to the stage performance. The underlying mechanism lies in that the wake of impeller tip clearance produces distorted flow downstream towards the diffuser, which causes complicated vortex structures and less conversion of kinetic energy to pressure rise in the diffuser passage. The present study lays a theoretical foundation for the further uncertainty quantification and robust design of centrifugal compressors against various sources of uncertainties.
Impact of Injection Frequency of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Allogeneic Skin Graft Survival Outcomes in Mice
Authors: Hu Ju Long , Kim Byung Jun , Yu Na Hee , Kwon Sung Tack
Published: September 2021

Previous studies indicated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit immunomodulatory properties in composite tissue allotransplantation. However, due to the high immunogenicity of skin, although the single administration of MSCs improves survival of the skin allotransplant, immune rejection is still inevitable. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether multiple administrations of MSCs would improve immune tolerance in the allogeneic skin graft, compared to that with a single administration in a mouse model. After full-thickness skin allotransplantation on the backs of the mice, the recipient mice were infused with phosphate-buffered saline and isogenic 1.5 × 105/mL adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). ADSCs were transplanted into different mice according to the different injection frequencies such as single, once a week, and twice a week. Skin sections were taken on days 7 and 21 post-transplantation in all groups for gene expression and histological studies. ADSCs increased skin allograft survival compared to that in control mice ( P < 0.05). Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA levels were decreased, and the abundance of lymphocytes, based on immunohistochemistry, was also decreased in ADSC-infused mice ( P < 0.05). However, among the different ADSC injection frequency groups, multiple ADSC infusion did not improve the survival rate and decreased proinflammatory cytokines and lymphocytes, compared to those with the single administration of ADSCs ( P > 0.05). Conversely, the results with single administration were slightly better than those with multiple administrations. Our study demonstrated that ADSCs have the potential for immunomodulation in vivo. However, the results with multiple ADSC administration were not as good as those with single administration, which indicates the complexity of ADSCs in vivo and implying the need for adequate preclinical experimentation.
Mediating Effect of Chronic Illnesses in the Relationship Between Psychological Distress and COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance
Authors: Chen Won Sun , Siau Ching Sin , Bono Suzanna Awang , Low Wah Yun
Published: September 2021

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is an emerging problem globally. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of chronic illnesses in the relationship between psychological health and the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, prior to the national vaccine rollout in Malaysia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted in Malaysia between December 10, 2020, and February 9, 2021. In addition to the descriptive analyses, a mediation analysis was performed to examine the mediating effect of chronic illnesses in the relationship between psychological distress and the willingness to accept the vaccine. A total of 1738 participants completed the survey. The psychological distress levels were found to be significantly different across demographic factors such as age, gender, and social economic status. This study demonstrated a partial mediating effect of chronic illnesses in the relationship between psychological distress and vaccine acceptance.
Arthroscopic Subtalar Joint Arthrodesis: Topical Review
Authors: Oshba Hesham , Shaaban Raghda Hasan AboBakr , Abdelrahman Islam , Gougoulias Nikolaos
Published: September 2021

Background:

Advances in foot and ankle arthroscopy over the last 2 decades have allowed for subtalar joint arthrodesis to be performed arthroscopically. The potential advantages of the arthroscopic technique include higher fusion rates, lower complications, reduced perioperative morbidity, and accelerated rehabilitation. Arthroscopic arthrodesis may, however, not be appropriate in the setting of complex deformity correction or the need for other open procedures.

Methods:

Surgical techniques of arthroscopic subtalar joint arthrodesis are described. Outcomes and complications associated with these procedures are presented, based on a comprehensive literature review. Thirteen Level IV studies of moderate quality were included.

Results and Conclusion:

Excellent arthrodesis union rates were achieved (average 96%, range 86%-100%), at a weighted average union time of 8.8 weeks (95% confidence interval 7.9-9.7). The overall complication rate was 21% (87/415 feet; range 10%-36.4%). Metal irritation was the most common complication (11.2%), followed by nerve injury (4.2%) and infection (0.9%). Similar fusion rates have been reported when comparing arthroscopic and open arthrodesis. Complication rates are also similar, excerpt for infection, which may be lower with arthroscopy. Three different approaches were used to access the subtalar joint with similar union and complication rates. There was no evidence that the use of bone graft or more than 1 screw improved outcomes. The superiority of arthroscopic subtalar fusion over open techniques cannot be demonstrated by the available studies.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Biomechanical Effects of Graft Shape for the Evans Lateral Column Lengthening Procedure: A Patient-Specific Finite Element Investigation
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Liu Hua , Xu Can
Published: September 2021

Background:

The Evans calcaneal lengthening osteotomy procedure is widely used for correcting progressive collapsing foot deformity. However, it can result in overcorrection and degenerations of the calcaneocuboid joint. Different shapes of graft have been used in the Evans calcaneal osteotomy, but potential differences in their biomechanical effects is still unclear. The present study was designed to explore the biomechanical effects of graft shape and improve the Evans procedure to avoid or minimize detrimental effects.

Methods:

Twelve patient-specific finite element models were established and validated. A triangular or rectangular wedge of varying size was inserted at the lateral edge of calcaneus, and the degree of correction was quantified. The stress in spring ligaments and plantar fascia and the contact characteristics of the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints were calculated and compared accordingly.

Results:

The rectangular graft provided a much higher degree of correction than triangular grafts did. However, the contact characteristics of the calcaneocuboid joint and talonavicular joint were abnormal, with clear sensitivity to increased graft size, and the modeled strain of the spring ligament increased.

Conclusion:

The finite element analysis predicts that the rectangular grafts provide a higher degree of correction, but risks overcorrection compared with triangular grafts. The triangular graft may have a lower degree of disturbance to the biomechanical behaviors of the midtarsal joint.

Clinical Relevance:

The model shows that both the shape and size of an Evans osteotomy bone wedge can have effects on the contiguous joints and ligamentous structures. Those effects should be considered when selecting a bone wedge for an Evans calcaneal osteotomy.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case-control study.
Moving Encounters With Spatial Racism: Walking in San Jose Japantown
Authors: Powell Kimberly
Published: September 2021

In this article, I address how walking as a curatorial practice of storying a neighborhood facilitates an irreducible politics of place occurring as affective intensities at various registers, where everyday movements entangle with spatial enactments of racism. Working with theories of assemblage and immanent movement, I examine walking narratives in San Jose Japantown, California (U.S.), a historic, ethnic neighborhood historically subjected to U.S. government and banking practices of “redlining” and Japanese American incarceration and dislocation to prison camps. As an analytical method, assemblage requires attention to movement: material elements of arrangement, the relations they require, new arranging and arrangements they might enable, and how these arrangements are legitimated. I examine spatial racism as an assemblage, analyzing its affective qualities wherein attentiveness to immanent movement might breach the assemblage and, in doing so, reach toward radical reformation through memorialization, community activism and development.
California Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) Evaluations in the Field: Static-99R and Diagnostic Field Reliability
Authors: Lockhart Joseph , DiCiro Melinda , Rokop James , Brennan Anna
Published: September 2021

Tests and diagnoses used in sexually violent predator (SVP) evaluations must be reliable, as reliability is foundational to validity. The current study contained a stratified sample of evaluations of 395 individuals referred as potential SVPs between 2012 and 2017. Each individual was initially evaluated by at least two experts. The sample included three groups: individuals not meeting SVP criteria ( N = 200, or 400 evaluations), individuals meeting SVP criteria ( N = 95, with 190 evaluations), and individuals where evaluators disagreed ( N = 100, with 200 evaluations). The sample also included 200 subsequent independent evaluations on these “disagree” cases. Static-99R score intraclass coefficient (ICC) interrater reliability was good to excellent within each group and overall. Evaluators scored the Static-99R within one point of each other 87% of the time. Cohen’s kappa diagnostic agreement for Pedophilic Disorder was substantial. ASPD and substance abuse kappa were in the “fair” range, while OSPD diagnoses in the positive group were at the “moderate” level of agreement. Ethnic differences in diagnoses were consistent with other studies, with equivalent Static-99R ICC values across ethnic groups. There were no significant differences between state civil servants versus contracted experts in Static-99R ratings or final determinations. The results suggest that Static-99R scores have acceptable reliability in these evaluations, and Pedophilic Disorder (the most common paraphilic disorder in our study) and OSPD can be reliably diagnosed. We discuss limitations of the study, as well as the need for care in high-stakes evaluations given the imperfect reliability of psychological measurements.
Expending the Phenotypic Spectrum of Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis: About a Prenatal Case With Complete Autopsy
Authors: Cattin Julie , Formet Justine , Sartelet Hervé , Lenoir Marion , Riethmuller Didier , Collardeau-Frachon Sophie
Published: September 2021

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) or Haberland syndrome (MIM #613001) is a rare congenital neurocutaneous disorder. It is characterized by unilateral ocular, cutaneous and central nervous system anomalies. Key clinical features include hairless fatty tissue nevus of the scalp, choristoma of the eye and intraspinal and intracerebral lipomas. We report one of the first cases diagnosed after termination of pregnancy at 35 WG, including antenatal and post-mortem imaging, complete autopsy and genetic analysis. Prenatal ultrasound and MRI of the third trimester showed multifocal spinal lesions and left lateral cerebral ventriculomegaly with cerebral atrophy. Diagnosis of ECCL was suggested at complete autopsy which revealed nevus psiloliparus of the scalp, facial hamartomas and intracranial and spinal lipomas. In addition, our case also exhibited a cardiac rhabdomyoma and a multicystic dysplastic kidney, both never reported to date in this syndrome. ECCL was confirmed by the identification of a postzygotic FGFR1 mutation. We reviewed the literature and discuss the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
Impact of chronic kidney disease on the outcomes of infrapopliteal venous, and heparin-bonded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene bypass surgeries: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Betz Thomas , Toepel Ingolf , Pfister Karin , Lang Malisia , Steinbauer Markus , Uhl Christian , Zeman Florian , Schierling Wilma
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the results of infrapopliteal venous and prosthetic bypass surgeries for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). All consecutive patients undergoing infrapopliteal bypass surgeries at two academic vascular centers between March 2002 and November 2018 were included in this retrospective study. During this timeframe, infrapopliteal grafts were performed for 487 patients. Of these patients, 160 (32.9%; group 1) had normal renal function, 248 (50.9%; group 2) had moderate CKD, and 79 (16.2%; group 3) had severe CKD according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. After 5 years’ follow-up, the primary patency rate was 46.0% and the secondary patency rate was 54.9% without statistical significance noted between the CKD groups. Limb salvage (65.3%, p = 0.024) and long-term survival (19.6%, p < 0.001) were considerably lower in patients with severe CKD. In subgroup analysis, vein grafts had significantly better long-term patency rates compared to prosthetic grafts, regardless of CKD group. However, in patients with severe CKD, patency rates of vein and heparin-bonded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (HePTFE) grafts were comparable at the 1-year mark. Our study shows that autologous vein grafts remain the first choice for infrapopliteal bypass surgeries in patients with CKD. HePTFE grafts showed good short-term results in patients with severe CKD. Given the short life expectancy of these high-risk patients, prosthetic HePTFE grafts may be reasonable in this population if a suitable vein is absent.
Leveraging telehealth to evaluate infants with prodromal autism spectrum disorder characteristics using the telehealth evaluation of development for infants
Authors: Talbott Meagan R , Dufek Sarah , Young Greg , Rogers Sally J
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the feasibility of recruiting and assessing infants with prodromal autism characteristics in the first year of life via telehealth. Participants included 41 infants (Mage = 10.51 months, 51.2% female, 80.5% White) whose parents had concerns about social communication delays or autism. All infants met concerns criteria on a social communication screener. Infants were subsequently assessed via telehealth using the Telehealth Evaluation of Development for Infants protocol, wherein parents are coached through a series of semi-structured interactions from which key measures of autism characteristics, communication, developmental level, and clinical best estimates of autism spectrum disorder likelihood are scored. Parents completed online questionnaires and surveys measuring the acceptability of the telehealth visits. Across both parent report and examiner-derived measures, infants demonstrated high scores on measures of purported autism traits, decreased communication skills, and delayed achievement of developmental milestones. Caregivers’ acceptability ratings were uniformly positive. Results highlight the potential for telehealth to expand the scope of studies of emerging autism beyond infant sibling designs and to increase families’ access to early evaluation services.

Lay abstract

Many families seeking early evaluations for autism spectrum disorder face long waitlists, must often travel to centers with appropriate expertise, and are frequently told by providers to “wait and see.” This results in significant stress for families and delayed supports to infants and their caregivers who could benefit. This study evaluated whether telehealth could be used to identify and evaluate infants with early autism spectrum disorder characteristics in the first year of life. In this study, we evaluated 41 infants via telehealth using a standard set of probes and scored behavior related to social communication, play, imitation, and other developmental domains. We found the majority of infants demonstrated elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder on both parent-reported questionnaires and examiner-rated behavior. Caregiver ratings of the overall utility of the protocol used in this study were high. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility for telehealth-based approaches to evaluate infants’ with elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder in the first year of life, which could help to improve families’ access to care and to expand our capacity to conduct studies evaluating possible intervention supports.
Race, social pain minimization, and mental health
Authors: Benbow Kyle L. , Smith Brianna L. , Tolbert Karlee J. , Deska Jason C. , Kunstman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2021

People often believe Black individuals experience less social pain and require less social support to cope with distress than White individuals (e.g., Deska, Kunstman, Lloyd, et al., 2020). However, researchers have not tested whether biases in third-person pain judgments translate to first-person experiences with social pain minimization. For example, do Black individuals feel their social pain is underrecognized to a greater extent than White individuals? The current work tested whether Black individuals felt their social pain was minimized more than White individuals and if the experience of social pain minimization was related to worse mental health and greater life stress. Data from two cross-sectional, correlational studies provide initial support for these predictions ( Ntotal = 1,501). Black participants felt their social pain was minimized more than White participants and this race difference in social pain minimization was associated with worse mental health and greater life stress. These results suggest that Black individuals feel their pain is underrecognized and this experience of social pain minimization is related to worse mental health outcomes.
Effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the mechanical behaviour of aluminium-based metal matrix composite synthesized via powder metallurgy
Authors: Zaiemyekeh Zahra , Liaghat Gholamhossein , Khan Muhammad K
Published: September 2021

The effects of variation in aluminium oxide nanoparticles in aluminium-based metal matrix composite on the compressive and sliding wear deformation have been investigated. The compressive and sliding wear resistance of the composite increase significantly with the addition of nanoparticles in the matrix. The 5% aluminium oxide nanoparticles in the composite were found to be the optimal weight fraction of added nanoparticles that produced higher static yield strength, hardness, scratch resistance and lower material loss in wear in the composite. The addition of nanoparticles, beyond 5% weight fraction, in the matrix showed adverse effects in the performance of the composite due to its higher brittleness. The effects on wear properties of the composite with added nanoparticles beyond optimal weight fraction were more detrimental than those with lower weight fraction of nanoparticles.