bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exochaenium clavatum subsp. stella-palustre (Gentianaceae—Exaceae), a new subspecies from Zambia
Authors: Kissling Jonathan
Published: March 2015

Exochaenium clavatum subsp. stella-palustre is here described as a new subspecies from Zambia. It is characterized by its relatively small size (20 cm tall), leaves massed at the base of the stem and oriented downwards, a single, bright yellow flower, and a calyx wing broadest at the middle. Furthermore, this new taxon was collected in a dambo, in contrast to the inundated lakeshores where E. clavatum subsp. clavatum typically occurs. A key distinguishing the two subspecies is provided.
Gyrosigma rostratum sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from the low intertidal zone, Xiamen Bay, southern China
Authors: LIU BING , WILLIAMS DAVID M. , HUANG BANGQIN
Published: March 2015

Gyrosigma rostratum, sp. nov., a new diatom species from the low intertidal zone, Xiamen Bay, southern China, was studied with light and scanning electron microscopy. The valves are lanceolate with protracted rostrate apices, symmetrical to both apical and transapical axis, not sigmoid. The raphe is straight, with a raphe angle of approximately two degrees. The external central raphe endings turn in the same direction and are isomorphic. The unique characteristic of the valve is that a conopeum (a lunate flap of silica, approximately 0.8–1.1 µm wide by 4.4–4.8 µm long) covers the terminal axial area and two rows of areolae near each apex. Gyrosigma rostratum is epipsammic and lives in marine habitats.
Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama
Authors: Baldini Riccardo Maria , Ortiz Orlando Oriel
Published: March 2015

Cryptochloa stapfii, a new herbaceous bamboo species from Panama is described. This new bambusoid grass inhabits semi-shaded lowland forests in Bocas del Toro (Panama) and is related to C. dressleri Soderstr., an endemic species from Panama. This new taxon increases the number of species in Cryptochloa to eight, most of them present in Panama.
Further examination of the geographic range of Eriogonum corymbosum var. nilesii (Polygonaceae, Eriogoneae)
Authors: Ellis Mark Winston , Wolf Paul Gilead , Bardot Shannon , Walton James , Rowe Carol , Kulpa Sarah , Mock Karen
Published: March 2015

The wild buckwheat Eriogonum corymbosum is widely distributed throughout the southwestern United States, forming a complex of eight varieties. E. corymbosum var. nilesii is a predominantly yellow-flowered variant reported primarily from Clark Co., Nevada. A previous genetic study by our research group found that var. nilesii is genetically distinct from other E. corymbosum varieties, based on a limited number of populations. Here, we assess genetic variation in 14 newly sampled yellow-flowered populations from southern Nevada, southern Utah, and northern Arizona, and compare them to genetic variation in six populations of previously determined E. corymbosum varieties. Of the new populations, we identified four as var. nilesii, four as var. aureum, three as var. glutinosum, two as apparent hybrids involving vars. aureum and nilesii, and one as a more distantly related admixture involving E. thompsoniae. Our results extend the range and area of E. corymbosum var. nilesii considerably from that traditionally stated in the literature. However, this extended range is confined to the Mojave Desert region of southern Nevada, and the number of known populations remains limited.
Eliokarmos craibii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from Pella se Berge, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Martínez-Azorín Mario , Crespo Manuel B. , Pinter Michael , Wetschnig Wolfgang
Published: March 2015

Within the framework of a taxonomic revision of the genus Eliokarmos we here describe a new species from Pella se Berge in South Africa. Eliokarmos craibii sp. nov. is at first sight related to E. decus-montium and E. pendens, but the former can be clearly differentiated by the 2(−3) succulent, appressed, proteranthous leaves with lateral portions bent upwards, giving the appearance of thickened raised margins; the dimorphic filaments; the yellow ovary which is slightly verrucose in the upper half and white below; and the pyriform, apiculate seeds with papillate testa. A complete description is presented for this species, and data on morphology, ecology, and distribution are reported. Affinities and divergences with E. decus-montium and E. pendens are also discussed.
Syzygium snowianum (Myrtaceae) a new canopy species from the Southern Escarpment of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Takeuchi Wayne N
Published: March 2015

Syzygium snowianum is described from previously inaccessible environments in southern Papua New Guinea. The new species is closest to S. ubogoense but is easily distinguished by its taller stature and yellow flowers.
Notes on Campylocentrum (Vandeae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae): Re-establishment of two South American species
Authors: Pessoa Edlley M. , Alves Marccus
Published: March 2015

During research for a taxonomical review of Campylocentrum, two South American species, C. kuntzei, described from Bolivia, and C. mattogrossense from Brazil, previously considered synonyms of Campylocentrum micranthum or C. robustum, were recognized as distinct species. This study reinforces the significant morphological differences among the taxa and proposes their re-establishment. Descriptions and illustrations, in addition to typifications, new synonyms, an identification key and their conservation statuses are provided.
Lathyrus ibicuiensis (Fabaceae, Faboideae), a new species endemic to Southern Brazil
Authors: Aragão de Oliveira Maria de Lourdes Abruzzi , MIOTTO SILVIA T.S. , IGANCI JOÃO R.V.
Published: March 2015

A new species of Lathyrus is described. This species occurs in rocky fields, in a restricted protected area from Southern Brazil. Lathyrus ibicuiensis resembles L. linearifolius in having simple tendrils, but differs in ovate to lanceolate stipules, by ramified branches, and by elliptic, oblong to rarely obovate leaflets, as well as in its geographic distribution. A description and illustration are provided together with a key for identification of similar species occurring in Southern Brazil.
The Amazonian Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Gradunguloonops (Araneae: Oonopidae)
Authors: GRISMADO CRISTIAN J. , IZQUIERDO MATÍAS A. , MÁRQUEZ MARÍA E. GONZÁLEZ , RAMÍREZ MARTÍN J.
Published: March 2015

A new genus of soft-bodied oonopids, Gradunguloonops, is established for a group of goblin spiders found in the Amazonian rainforests of northern South America. Members of this genus differ from other oonopids in that the proclaw of tarsi I and II is notably larger than the corresponding retroclaw, a putative synapomorphy of the group. Gradunguloonops comprises twelve species, all new and described in this contribution: G. mutum (type species) from Brazil and Peru, G. bonaldoi, G. amazonicus, G. urucu, G. pacanari, G. juruti from Brazil, G. erwini from Peru, G. orellana and G. nadineae from Ecuador, G. benavidesae and G. florezi from Colombia, and G. raptor from Venezuela. Two preliminary intrageneric groups are proposed on the basis of their female genital morphology: the bonaldoi group, to which are assigned the species with the anterior section comprising only a single anterior sclerite, and the mutum group, with a more complex, tripartite anterior section.
Direct Flux Measurements from Mobile Platforms at Sea: Motion and Airflow Distortion Corrections Revisited
Authors: Landwehr Sebastian , O’Sullivan Niall , Ward Brian
Published: March 2015

Ship-based measurements of wind speed and direct fluxes are affected by airflow distortion that can lead to a tilt of the wind vector as well as acceleration or deceleration of the wind speed. Direct flux measurements are additionally affected by the fluctuating velocity of the platform. The classic approach is to first correct the wind speed for angular and translational platform velocities and thereafter rotate the wind vector into the mean flow. This study finds that for ships under way, this leads to an overestimation of the vector tilt and biased flux estimates. This may explain the common observation that flux estimates from ships in transit have lower quality than measurements taken on station. Here an alternative approach is presented, where the flow-distortion-induced tilt of the wind vector is estimated from the 3D wind speed measurements and applied to the apparent wind vector. The tilt correction is carried out after correction for the fluctuating part of the platform velocity but before removing the ship’s mean translational velocity. This new method significantly improved the agreement of direct momentum flux measurements made from a ship under way with the parameterization of the COARE3.5 bulk model. The sensitivity of the eddy covariance measurements of momentum and scalar fluxes to the choice of the tilt-motion correction method is analyzed, and this study proposes that a reanalysis of previous direct flux measurements with the new method discussed here can improve researchers’ understanding of air–sea interaction.
Physicians’ Lack of Adherence to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Guidelines for Pediatric Lipid Screening
Authors: Valle Christopher W. , Binns Helen J. , Quadri-Sheriff Maheen , Benuck Irwin , Patel Angira
Published: March 2015

Objectives.

To determine adherence to the 2011 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute lipid screening guidelines and identify patient factors promoting screening.

Methods.

Records of children who received well-child care at age 11 years and turned 12 in 2013 were reviewed. Subjects were stratified by guideline-defined dyslipidemia risk based on documented medical or family history risk factors. We defined adherence as the order of a lipid profile when age 11 years or completed lipid screening at 9 to 10 years.

Results

Of 298 subjects, 42% were assigned to the dyslipidemia high-risk subgroup. Records of 27.2% demonstrated adherence. Fifty-six percent of high-risk subjects versus 6% of their non-high-risk counterparts received lipid screening by age 12 ( P < .001). Among screened subjects, history of obesity and parental history of dyslipidemia were significantly associated with lipid testing.

Conclusions.

Lipid screening rates were low. Strategies to increase lipid screening in the primary care setting are needed.
Three Decades of Neoliberalism in Mexico
Authors: Laurell Asa Cristina
Published: March 2015

Neoliberalism has been implemented in Latin America for about three decades. This article reviews Mexico’s neoliberal trajectory to illustrate the political, economic, and social alterations that have resulted from this process. It finds that representative democracy has been perverted through fear, putting central political decisions in the hands of power groups with special interests. The border between the state of law and the state of exception is blurred. Economic structural adjustment with liberalization and privatization has provoked recurrent crisis, but has been maintained, leading to the destruction of the national productive structure in favor of supranational corporations, particularly financial capital. The association between criminal economy and economic criminality is also discussed. The privatization of social benefits and services requires state subsidies and allows the privatization of profits and the socialization of losses. The social impact of this process has been devastating, with a polarized income distribution, falling wages, increased precarious jobs, rising inequality, and extreme violence. Health conditions have also deteriorated and disorders associated with violence, chronic stress, and a changing nutritional culture have become dominating. However, in Latin America, massive, organized political and social mobilization has broken the vicious neoliberal circle and elected progressive governments that are struggling to reverse social and economic devastation.
Who Can We Trust with a Gun? Information Networks and Adverse Selection in Militia Recruitment
Authors: Forney Jonathan Filip
Published: March 2015

How do the leaders of nonstate armed groups recruit new members? Most studies of recruitment of combatants focus on explaining the supply of fighters—who fights and what kinds of people volunteer to fight depending on the incentives offered. We know comparatively little about how the leaders of armed groups manage influxes of volunteers to ensure their quality. This article examines the questions of who recruits fighters, and how the capacities of recruiters affect the quality of the individuals who they recruit. The histories of three understudied civil militias in Sierra Leone are used to develop and refine a theory of screening in nonstate armed groups. Evidence from intensive fieldwork suggests that access to civilian information networks can allow the leaders of armed groups to successfully screen recruits and exclude low-quality types even when the pool of volunteers is flooded with opportunists.
Examining an Alternative Take on Urban Development: The Alignment of Public Art and Conservation to Build Seattle’s Olympic Sculpture Park
Authors: Ashley Amanda Johnson
Published: March 2015

Civic boosters advocate physical arts development as a path for urban revitalization. Current research examines these specialized bricks and mortar efforts through snapshot outcome evaluations, broad policy analyses, and critiques of predatory activity. Project development is overlooked as is whether such efforts mirror general urban development patterns and behavior. This case study explores a successful dual-nonprofit partnership between the Seattle Art Museum and the Trust for Public Land to build the Olympic Sculpture Park. This recent history explains institutional motivations and political strategies and identifies organizational assets employed to overcome intense market pressures and past failures. It adds richness to conventional development wisdom and its intense focus on public–private partnerships as the prevalent model for urban development. This alignment between a local arts institution and a national conservation organization may unveil an alternative model or shed light on a less visible structure for developing urban civic amenities. This study further reinforces the connection between contemporary urban improvement and early beautification agendas via municipal art, open space, and civic leadership.
How the Public Engages With Brain Optimization
Authors: O’Connor Cliodhna , Joffe Helene
Published: March 2015

In the burgeoning debate about neuroscience’s role in contemporary society, the issue of brain optimization, or the application of neuroscientific knowledge and technologies to augment neurocognitive function, has taken center stage. Previous research has characterized media discourse on brain optimization as individualistic in ethos, pressuring individuals to expend calculated effort in cultivating culturally desirable forms of selves and bodies. However, little research has investigated whether the themes that characterize media dialogue are shared by lay populations. This article considers the relationship between the representations of brain optimization that surfaced in (i) a study of British press coverage between 2000 and 2012 and (ii) interviews with forty-eight London residents. Both data sets represented the brain as a resource that could be manipulated by the individual, with optimal brain function contingent on applying self-control in one’s lifestyle choices. However, these ideas emerged more sharply in the media than in the interviews: while most interviewees were aware of brain optimization practices, few were committed to carrying them out. The two data sets diverged in several ways: the media’s intense preoccupation with optimizing children’s brains was not apparent in lay dialogue, while interviewees elaborated beliefs about the underuse of brain tissue that showed no presence in the media. This article considers these continuities and discontinuities in light of their wider cultural significance and their implications for the media–mind relationship in public engagement with neuroscience.
New European Food Safety Authority recommendation for infant formulae contradicts the physiology of human milk and infant development
Authors: Crawford Michael A , Wang Yiqun , Forsyth Stewart , Brenna J Thomas
Published: March 2015

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded from a limited review of the literature that although docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was required for infant formula, arachidonic acid was not ‘ even in the presence of DHA’. The EFSA report mistakes a nutrient ubiquitous in the diets of infants, and with wide-ranging effects, for an optional drug targeted to a particular outcome that is properly excluded when no benefit is found for that particular outcome. The EFSA’s conclusion is not evidence-based. Its conclusions are grounded in trials which tested functionality of DHA, not arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid has very different biological functions, for instance, in the vasculature and in specific aspects of immunity. None of the trials cited tested any property specific to arachidonic acid. The test of time through natural selection and human evolution has resulted in milk composition in which arachidonic acid and its long-chain polyenoic family members are conserved and occupy a prominent position. As DHA suppresses arachidonic acid, an infant formula with DHA and no arachidonic acid runs the risk of cardio- and cerebrovascular morbidity through suppression of the favourable eicosanoid derivatives of arachidonic acid and cell structural integrity. The EFSA recommendation should be rejected forthwith as unsafe and risking lifelong disability.
Roberto Esposito’s ‘Affirmative Biopolitics’ and the Gift
Authors: Tierney Thomas F.
Published: March 2015

This article develops the affirmative biopolitics that Roberto Esposito intimates in his trilogy – Communitas, Immunitas and Bíos. The key to this affirmative biopolitics lies in the relationship between the munus, a form of gift that is the root of communitas and immunitas, and the gift discourse that developed throughout the 20th century. The article expands upon Esposito’s interpretation of four theoretical sources that are crucial to his biopolitical perspective: Mauss and the gift-exchange tradition; Hobbes’s social contract theory, which Esposito presents as the anti-gift that founded modernity’s thanatopolitical ‘immunization paradigm’; Bataille’s dangerous concept of sacrifice, which gestures toward an affirmative biopolitical community; and, finally, Jean-Luc Nancy’s essay, L’Intrus, which reflects on the near-decade Nancy lived as the recipient of the gift of a transplanted heart. This discussion of Mauss, Hobbes and Bataille is used to further develop Esposito’s interpretation of L’Intrus in a manner that supports his conception of an affirmative biopolitics ‘of, not over, life’.
Compliance With Regimens of Existing Vaccines in Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Onyeneho Nkechi , Igwe Ijeoma , I’Aronu Ngozi , Okoye Uzoma
Published: March 2015

The factors associated with third dose of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT3) uptake, a true indicator of compliance with required regimen of vaccines, in Anambra state, Nigeria, were investigated in a cross-sectional survey of 600 mothers (15–49). Being an older mother showed a positive association with compliance. Compliance was more among those who used the government health facilities for their health needs (χ2 = 12.286, p < .001). Satisfactory experiences with health service influenced compliance (χ2 = 8.542, p = .002). Those with good perception (30.1%) complied more (χ2 = 42.572, p < .001). Those who were aware that immunization protects the children against vaccine preventable diseases complied more (χ2 = 8.735, p = .002). In conclusion, the action-hesitancy model strengthens the Health Belief Model in explaining parents’ attitude to childhood immunization, as experience and perception of the health service influenced uptake more. Health education and campaigns should be directed at factors that would encourage mothers to adopt required behaviours.
A Content Analysis of Dion McGregor’s Sleep-Talking Episodes
Authors: Barrett Deirdre , Grayson Malcolm , Oh Angela , Sogolow Zach
Published: March 2015

This article explores the content of the somniloquies of Dion McGregor, the most extensive sleep talker ever recorded, and compares these with dream content from normative male dreams on the Hall and van de Castle Content Scales and Hobson Bizarreness Scales. On the Hall and van de Castle Scales, the somniloquies contained significantly more female characters relative to males than for the norms, more familiar characters and friends, but fewer family members. The dreamer-as-character was much likelier to be either a befriender or an aggressor than in the normative dreams but much less likely to engage in physical aggression specifically. There was less aggression, friendliness, or sex per character in McGregor’s narratives, as well as less of all three of these types of interaction total than for the norms, but much more self-negativity. There were a lower percentage of negative emotions, good fortune, and success, but the somniloquies were similar to the norms in their levels of misfortune and failure. On the Hobson Bizarreness Scales, the McGregor somniloquies were not differentiated from dreams on three of six scales—having similar levels of discontinuity of plot, characters, objects, and actions but had slightly fewer incongruities of plot, and many fewer instances of incongruity or uncertainly of thought. These findings are discussed in terms of presumed brain activation differences—more frontal activation—and also in terms of McGregor’s personal idiosyncrasies.
Low Self-Control Among South Korean Adolescents
Authors: Yun Ilhong , Kim Seung-Gon , Kwon Sangro
Published: March 2015

Theoretical propositions and empirical tests of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory continue to permeate the criminological literature. Nevertheless, the vast majority of studies have been conducted in North America and some European countries. Only a handful of empirical works have been conducted in East Asia. To further test the generality assertion of Gottfredson and Hirschi, the current study examines low self-control’s efficacy in predicting the involvement of South Korean adolescents in typical delinquency, drinking, smoking, Internet addiction, and smartphone addiction. The presented findings largely support the generality hypothesis, although the theorists’ assertion seems to be somewhat overstated.
Undertaking planned transitions for children in out-of-home care
Authors: Browning Andrew S
Published: March 2015

For many children in long-term out-of-home care, transition from one family to another forms one of their key experiences. These changes are often traumatic. In this article, we articulate some of the practices that may soften the painfulness of the experience of movement. One such practice is the development of a gradual transition process that avoids dramatic discontinuities for the child. Part of this process involves the child having ongoing contact with the family from which he or she has moved, with this contact decreasing gradually. Another aspect of a successful transition is the development of a constructive relationship between the two families involved. If this can be created, a child is more likely to be emotionally held in the process. This type of transition also requires oversight from a well-functioning professional team that can create a structured plan that holds and supports all those affected; the aim is to enable the child to have a manageable experience of a situation that is likely to evoke powerful feelings of abandonment, grief and loss.
Penile length is a very important factor for cosmesis, function and psychosexual development in patients affected by hypospadias: Results from a long-term longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Ciancio Francesco , Lo Russo G , Innocenti A , Portincasa A , Parisi D , Mondaini N
Published: March 2015

Few studies of long-term outcome of hypospadias treatment in terms of voiding, surgical complications, sexual functioning, intimate relationships and cosmetic results have been investigated and contrasting results have been obtained so far. The aim of our study is to investigate the long-term outcome of urinary and sexual function, cosmesis and the quality of intimate relationships in a series of hypospadias. In this study, 42 patients who underwent surgery for hypospadias were prospectively followed for 15 years. Medical records provided the hypospadias data, the number of reconstructive operations and the reconstruction technique that was used. Patients underwent physical examination, including penile length measurement and completed International Prostatic Symptoms Score (I-PSS), International Index Of Erectile Function (IIEF 15) and the Penile Perception Score questionnaire (PPPS). Twenty patients agreed to participate in the study. At the enrolment, the median value of HOSE was 13, as regards PPPS, 18/20 (90%) were satisfied, while in 1998 only 80% were satisfied. No significant statistical difference has been reported from the results obtained at enrolment and those obtained at follow-up, in terms of PPPS (P = 0.81), IPSS and IIEF-15. Penile length was 6.5 cm flaccid and 10.5 cm stretched. Our data show how cosmesis, function and psychosexual development for these patients are highly connected to surgical outcome, which is understood to be a decrease in penile size.
Inadvertent Volunteer Managers
Authors: Nesbit Rebecca , Rimes Heather , Christensen Robert K. , Brudney Jeffrey L.
Published: March 2015

Although a voluminous literature addresses organizational change, employee stress, and organizational behavior, we have little understanding of employees’ responses to being assigned the role and responsibilities of a volunteer manager. Because many public and nonprofit organizations seek to incorporate more volunteers—especially during times of fiscal stress—employees’ responses to an influx of volunteers and additional volunteer management responsibilities can affect organizational performance. We use data from a case study at a large public library system to illustrate how role theory helps advance our understanding of these responsibilities in a human resource context. Our findings suggest that role perceptions, expectations, and conflict all inform the effectiveness and dynamics of managing important unpaid human resources: volunteers. We discuss the organizational implications of inadvertent volunteer managers—employees assigned to the volunteer manager role without prior training and experience.
Writing, Religious Faith, and Rooted Cosmopolitan Dialogue
Authors: Juzwik Mary M. , McKenzie Cori
Published: March 2015

Some literacy scholars have embraced rooted cosmopolitanism as a framework for educating in today’s globalized and pluralistic world, where communicating across difference is an important individual and societal good. But how is the “cosmopolitan turn” in writing complicated by considering the religiosity of writing teachers and student writers? Is it possible for writing instructors and student writers to stay rooted in their own faith traditions, while maintaining openness to other ethical vantage points? What new questions are raised for cosmopolitan-minded writing pedagogy by these considerations? Through portraiture, we present complex pictures of how an American evangelical Christian teacher, Sam, and one of his evangelical Christian students, Charlie, engaged with a writing unit focused on “This I Believe” essay writing. The portraitures suggest that Sam, a more cosmopolitan evangelical, envisioned the unit as an invitation to (a) articulate one’s own beliefs in the wide universe of moral possibility and (b) get used to the beliefs of others who are ethically different from oneself. Charlie, on the other hand, conceptualized the unit’s writing, listening, and reading tasks as ways of honoring God and letting God speak through his literate practices. Our interpretation suggests that his populist evangelical faith made it difficult for him to openly engage in cosmopolitan dialogue across ethical difference. We hope our portraits of Sam and Charlie might move scholars interested in writing, literacy education, and rooted cosmopolitanism to engage themselves with the challenges and possibilities opened up when students’ and teachers’ religious roots are taken seriously.
EEG Duration
Authors: Miskin Chandrabhaga , Carvalho Karen S. , Valencia Ignacio , Legido Agustin , Khurana Divya S.
Published: March 2015

Current American Clinical Neurophysiology Society guidelines require a minimum of 20 minutes of artifact-free EEG recording; however, the optimum duration for routine EEGs is not established. Our hypothesis was that an EEG recording of 40 minutes’ duration would yield more information than a 20-minute EEG in capturing epileptiform abnormalities and in obtaining sleep. We retrospectively studied 150 consecutive EEGs of 40 minutes’ duration performed at St Christopher’s Hospital for Children. Although the majority (89%) of interictal EEG abnormalities can be identified within the first 20 minutes of a routine EEG, extending the time of a routine EEG increases the yield significantly by identifying an additional 11% of abnormal studies ( P = .0001), precluding the need for further long-term monitoring in these patients. Forty-three percent of interictal epileptiform abnormalities were found during sleep. We recommend that routine EEGs be performed for 40 minutes, whenever possible, to improve yield in a cost-effective manner.
The Influence of Interpersonal Style on the Appraisal of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Yalch Matthew M. , Levendosky Alytia A.
Published: March 2015

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common type of violence that is associated with a number of psychological problems among women who experience it. Recent research suggests that interpersonal style may influence the degree to which women exhibit psychological problems following IPV exposure. One possible mechanism through which interpersonal style may exert its effects is by influencing appraisals of the violence they experience, although this has not yet been tested empirically. In this study, we examined the effects of dimensions of interpersonal style (dominance and warmth) on IPV appraisals in a sample of young adult women ( N = 219) who reported experiencing physical and/or sexual violence from their romantic partner in the past year using a Bayesian approach to multiple linear regression. Our results indicated that both dominance and warmth were associated with less negative (i.e., less betrayed, self-blaming, fearful, alienated, angry, and shameful) appraisals of IPV, exhibiting small- to medium-sized effects when controlling for severity of violence. However, this effect was more prominent for dominance than for warmth. These findings shed light on the role of interpersonal style in the response to IPV and indicate directions for future research.
High-order extended state observer-enhanced control for a hypersonic flight vehicle with parameter uncertainty and external disturbance
Authors: Zhang Yinhui , Jiang Zhenyu , Yang Huabo , Cheng Jiantong , Zhang Weihua
Published: March 2015

A high-order extended state observer-enhanced controller is proposed to address the problem of velocity and altitude tracking for a hypersonic flight vehicle with strong nonlinearity, parameter uncertainty, and external disturbance. First, the feedback linearization-based control is introduced as the baseline controller, and the nonlinear multi-input/multi-output system is transformed into two integral-chain single-input/single-output systems. And then, the lumped disturbance is extended as a new system state to represent the total effect of the unknown part of nonlinearity, parameter uncertainties, and external disturbances. Consequently, a high-order extended state observer is proposed to estimate all the states of the extended system for each channel of the longitudinal dynamics. With the compensation of the estimated disturbance, a high-order extended state observer-enhance control is investigated to improve the control tracking performance and robustness. Moreover, all the control parameters are associated with the bandwidth, and the stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed. Due to the concise form of the proposed enhanced controller, all of the vehicle information except for the system outputs is not necessary to be obtained. Therefore, a simplification of the control system framework could be accomplished, which reveals an enormous potential in the engineering practice. Simulation results demonstrate the high effectivity and strong robustness of the proposed method for the hypersonic flight vehicle compared with the other controllers.
Salivary biochemical markers as potential acute toxicity parameters for acute radiation injury
Authors: Soni S , Agrawal P , Kumar N , Mittal G , Nishad DK , Chaudhury NK , Bhatnagar A , Basu M , Chhillar N
Published: March 2015

Researchers have been evaluating several biodosimetric/screening approaches to assess acute radiation injury, related to mass causality. Keeping in mind this background, we hypothesized that effect of whole-body irradiation in single fraction in graded doses can affect the secretion of various salivary components that could be used as acute radiation injury/toxicity marker, which can be used in screening of large population at the time of nuclear accidents/disaster. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats treated with whole-body cobalt-60 gamma irradiation of dose 1–5 Gy (dose rate: 0.95 Gy/min) were included in this study. Whole mixed saliva was collected from all animals before and after radiation up to 72 h postradiation. Saliva was analyzed for electrolytes, total protein, urea, and amylase. Intragroup comparison of salivary parameters at different radiation doses showed significant differences. Potassium was significantly increased as the dose increased from 1 Gy to 5 Gy ( p < 0.01) with effect size of difference ( r > 0.5). Sodium was significantly altered after 3–5 Gy ( p < 0.01, r > 0.5), except 1 and 2 Gy, whereas changes in sodium level were nonsignificant ( p > 0.5). Urea, total protein, and amylase levels were also significantly increased as the radiation dose increased ( p < 0.01) with large effect size of difference ( r > 0.5). This study suggests that salivary parameters were sensitive toward radiation even at low radiation dose which can be used as a predictor of radiation injury.
Outcome of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on chronic dialysis: an observational study of incident patients of the French National Registry 2002–2012
Authors: Levy B , Couchoud C , Rougier J-P , Jourde-Chiche N , Daugas E
Published: March 2015

Objectives

The objective of this article is to describe the outcome (mortality, kidney transplantation) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on chronic dialysis.

Methods

The overall and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and access to kidney transplantation were studied in all SLE patients incident on chronic dialysis in France between 2002 and 2012 (REIN registry). They were compared to age- and sex-matched patients with diabetic nephropathy and with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD) on chronic dialysis.

Results

A total of 368 SLE patients were included in the national REIN registry between 2002 and 2012. Cumulative incidence of death was 16.9% at five years, with no difference between haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Independent risk factors of death were age, past history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic respiratory insufficiency. At five years, CV and all-cause mortality in SLE patients were lower than in matched diabetic patients, but three-fold higher than in matched PKD patients. Access to the kidney transplant waiting list and to kidney transplantation was higher in SLE patients than in matched diabetic patients, but lower than in matched PKD patients.

Conclusions

SLE patients on chronic dialysis are a population at high risk of death influenced by CV burden and chronic respiratory failure, but not by the method of dialysis. Their outcome, in terms of mortality and access to kidney transplantation, is intermediate between diabetic patients and patients with PKD.
Human adjuvant-related syndrome or autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. Where have we come from? Where are we going? A proposal for new diagnostic criteria
Authors: Alijotas-Reig J
Published: March 2015

In 1964, Miyoshi reported a series of patients with diverse symptoms after receiving treatment with silicone or paraffin fillers. Miyoshi named this condition ‘human adjuvant disease’. Since then, the literature has been flooded with case reports and case series of granulomatous and systemic autoimmune disorders related to vaccines, infection or other adjuvants such as silicone and other biomaterials. A new term –autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants – has recently been coined for a process that includes several clinical features previously described by Miyoshi plus other clinical and laboratory parameters related to exposure to diverse external stimuli. Disorders such as siliconosis, Gulf War syndrome, macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome, sick building syndrome and post-vaccination syndrome have been included in autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. Disorders such as Spanish toxic oil syndrome and Ardystil syndrome could also be included. Furthermore, biomaterials other than silicone should also be considered as triggering factors for these adjuvant-related syndromes. New diagnostic criteria in this field have been proposed. Nevertheless, many of these criteria are too subjective, leading to some patients being diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome or other ‘central sensitization syndromes’. Diagnostic criteria based only on objective clinical and laboratory data to be further discussed and validated are proposed herein.
Isliye dard hota hai
Authors: Nayar Mahima , Mehrotra Nilika
Published: March 2015

Mental health of women is often looked at from a biomedical lens. Mental health issues resulting out of globalising economic and cultural forces are generally neglected. This often implies that social problems are understood as individual problems. Increasingly discourses in sociology and anthropology explore mental health in bio-cultural terms where social structural arrangements are said to contribute majorly to the phenomenon of psychosocial distress. There is a need to explore the ways in which the social and economic conditions which structure women’s existence as part of poor urban households require attention. This article moves away from the mental illness paradigm through which distress of women is usually understood. With the help of narratives, it seeks to explore the distress of women in the context of the community they live in and the gender roles they negotiate.
A vibration-based energy harvester suitable for low-frequency, high-amplitude environments: Theoretical and experimental investigations
Authors: Ramezanpour Reza , Nahvi Hassan , Ziaei-Rad Saeed
Published: March 2015

This article presents theoretical and experimental investigations of a vibration-based energy harvester which is suitable to extract energy from low-frequency, high-amplitude environments. The proposed device consists of a rotating proof mass and eight piezoelectric bimorph beams. A magnet, mounted on the rotating pendulum, actuates the tips of the piezoelectric beams due to magnetic interaction. The free oscillations of the piezoelectric beam generate energy each time the pendulum passes over the beams. Based on energy principles, the nonlinear ordinary differential equations governing the electromechanical behavior of the system are derived and solved numerically. Using the proposed model, the effects of angular velocity of the rotating mass on the generated voltage are investigated. It is shown that the harvester with a relatively high angular velocity generates more voltage than the one with a low angular velocity. The performance of the proposed device in the attractive and the repulsive cases is compared to each other and it is concluded that the generated voltage of the attractive case is more than that of the repulsive case. The overall generated power of the harvester under harmonic external excitations is investigated for various amplitudes and frequencies. Using theoretical model, it is shown that the proposed device can be used for harvesting the out-of-plane vibrational energy. A model of the system has been devised and tested. The obtained experimental results show good qualitative agreements with the theoretical ones.
Colonial continuities and impossible attempts: Critical engagements in development
Authors: Chung Anastasia
Published: March 2015

Based on ethnographic research at The Centre of Early Childhood and Health, Jakarta, this article shows that although development actors are aware of colonial legacies in development, their efforts to transcend colonial continuities may see them implicated in other unexpected ways. At the same time, I claim the necessity of engaging in development as an ‘impossible task’: to relentlessly interrogate it without ‘undermining the entire legitimacy of such work’ (Harrison 2013: 270).
The political economy of Intra-Kashmir Trade
Authors: Mushtaq Ubaid
Published: March 2015

In last six decades political analysts, scholars and statesmen have mainly analyzed and focused on the political dimensions of the Kashmir problem. However, unfortunately much important economic dimensions of the problem have received less attention or have been somewhat deliberately neglected. Intra-Kashmir Trade or cross-LoC trade explores such economic dimensions and address the lack of economic content in thinking on Kashmir. This article reviews the historical significance, potential sectors and routes of trade through an extensive review of secondary evidence. It also explores the potential for, and obstacles to, Intra-Kashmir Trade and makes an attempt to analyze its economic and political logic for state, its augmented potential of growth. Furthermore, the amplified gravity model aiming to analyze Intra-Kashmir Trade empirically is also used. Given the analysis of trade data and other figures it is likely that Intra-Kashmir Trade would have a significant effect on political and economic aspects and will be beneficial for both sides of the region.
Book Review: Epprecht, M. 2013: Sexuality and Social Justice in Africa: Rethinking Homophobia and Forging Resistance
Authors: Jones Ben
Published: March 2015

Epprecht, M. 2013: Sexuality and Social Justice in Africa: Rethinking Homophobia and Forging Resistance. London: Zed Books. 232 pp. £12.99 paperback. ISBN: 9 78178 0323817.
Visual analysis of online social media to open up the investigation of stance phenomena
Authors: Kucher Kostiantyn , Schamp-Bjerede Teri , Kerren Andreas , Paradis Carita , Sahlgren Magnus
Published: March 2015

Online social media are a perfect text source for stance analysis. Stance in human communication is concerned with speaker attitudes, beliefs, feelings and opinions. Expressions of stance are associated with the speakers' view of what they are talking about and what is up for discussion and negotiation in the intersubjective exchange. Taking stance is thus crucial for the social construction of meaning. Increased knowledge of stance can be useful for many application fields such as business intelligence, security analytics, or social media monitoring. In order to process large amounts of text data for stance analyses, linguists need interactive tools to explore the textual sources as well as the processed data based on computational linguistics techniques. Both original texts and derived data are important for refining the analyses iteratively. In this work, we present a visual analytics tool for online social media text data that can be used to open up the investigation of stance phenomena. Our approach complements traditional linguistic analysis techniques and is based on the analysis of utterances associated with two stance categories: sentiment and certainty. Our contributions include (1) the description of a novel web-based solution for analyzing the use and patterns of stance meanings and expressions in human communication over time; and (2) specialized techniques used for visualizing analysis provenance and corpus overview/navigation. We demonstrate our approach by means of text media on a highly controversial scandal with regard to expressions of anger and provide an expert review from linguists who have been using our tool.
Topical Review
Authors: Hanselman Andrew E. , Lalli Trapper A. J. , Santrock Robert D.
Published: March 2015

Fetal tissues are well known for their therapeutic potential. They contain numerous growth factors, cytokines, and matrix components that promote regeneration of tissues while downregulating inflammation and scar formation. As a result, use of these treatments has expanded over the previous 20 years throughout various surgical specialties, including orthopaedics. With improved methods of sterilization, processing, and storage, surgeons need to be informed about the potential benefits of fetal tissue in foot and ankle surgery. The aim of this review is to provide a brief historical background, basic anatomy and physiology, and a current review of the literature in regard to chronic wounds, diabetic foot ulcerations, plantar fasciitis, tendon repair, adhesion prevention, nerve repair, and bone healing.

Levels of Evidence: Level V: Expert Opinion
Virtual communication processes of open and distance education: Some contributions from the cultural studies field
Authors: Fainholc Beatriz
Published: March 2015

The pressures of the information and digital culture exhibit innovation, but also a hegemonic power, and act in reciprocity with the global economy. Theoretical concepts and practical actions need to be revisited, to build equity in virtual communication. A sociological-cultural focus of communication mediated by technology, cannot occur without holistic and trans-disciplinary attention, and its contrast in practice. This will result in wider interpretations with regard to the socio-historical, political and cultural explanations related to face-to-face and virtual socialization/education programs. The cultural studies and critical theory contribute to situate and deepen the study of these sociological-cultural-technological variables, within digital trans-media dynamic reality. They show how technology drives contradictory far-reaching changes in the anthropological, epistemological and communication/educational social dimensions; and, then, in open and distance education programs. The dominant hegemonic logic is linked to the privileges of artefacts, which are not always the most suitable and/or transparent, within the late capitalism system which legitimizes only one sector of a socio-political–economic structure, with power, although it is said that ICT for open learning is more equitable. Many contradictions hold the illusion of a horizontal pluralism, currently more so with Massive Open Online Courses.
Hyperglycemia repression of miR-24 coordinately upregulates endothelial cell expression and secretion of von Willebrand factor
Authors: Xiang Yaozu , Cheng Jijun , Wang Dandan , Hu Xiaoyue , Xie Yi , Stitham Jeremiah , Atteya Gourg , Du Jing , Tang Wai Ho , Lee Seung Hee , Leslie Kristen , Spollett Geralyn , Liu Zejian , Herzog Erica , Herzog Raimund I. , Lu Jun , Martin Kathleen A. , Hwa John
Published: March 2015

Key Points

miR-24 tightly regulates VWF expression, maturation, and secretion. Hyperglycemia regulates VWF through aldose reductase, ROS, and c-Myc.