bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profile of Blood Donor Deferrals in a Tertiary Care Centre-Our Institutional Experience
Authors: Thivya D. Rajeswari , Vijayashree R. , Meghanath K.
Published: December 2021

Background:  It is the prime duty of transfusion services to provide safe, adequate and timely need of blood and the blood products. Understanding the reasons for donor deferral can help in planning more efficient recruitment strategies and educate and motivate temporarily deferred donors in order to maintain a safe and adequate supply of blood products.

Aims of the Study: To evaluate and analyze the blood donor deferral pattern in a tertiary care hospital blood bank and to review its influence on blood safety.

Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in the blood bank, CHRI from the year January 2015 to December 2018. Data like demographic data, clinical history, physical examination, haematological examination, stored in the blood bank was retrived. The donors will be deferred based on standard WHO guidelines. The collected deferral data was analyzed using SPSS software 2011version 20.

Results: During the study period there were 7010 registered blood donors. The deferral rate was 5.19%. Among the donor deferrals, females were more commonly deferred ie 31.66%. The deferral rate among voluntary and replacement donors are 4.71% and 11.62% respectively. The rate of permanent deferral (17.86%) was less compared to temporary deferral (82.14%). Among temporary deferral anaemia is the most common cause (27.75%). Seropositive for Hepatitis B is the most common cause for permenant deferral (52.30%).

Conclusion: In our study temporary deferral is higher this necessities the need of education, motivation of these donors for future donation to maintain a healthy and safe donor pool.
Evaluation of Quality Control Data of Hormones Using Six Sigma Metrics Tool in Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Anuradha G. , Gopalakrishnan S. Santhini , Hemalatha .
Published: December 2021

Background: In health care system it is necessary to provide high quality and reliable test results to the patients. Many clinical laboratories are using six sigma as a tool to improve the quality control in health care system. Keeping this in mind, the present study was conducted using the quality control data of hormones under NABL(National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories) which were assayed in our clinical laboratory.

Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, both the internal and external quality control data of 11 hormones were collected for a period of 6 months from April 2020 to September 2020 and the six sigma analysis was done.

Results: Testosterone level 1(6.8), level 2(6.5) and Folate level1(6.9), level 2(6.6) showed sigma level more than 6 and hence excellent performance. The hormones, FT3 level 1(3.7), level 2(4.8), HCG level 2(3.6), TSH level 1(4.8), level 2(4.7) and Vitamin B12 level 1(4.4), level 2(4.5) showed average performance with sigma level between 3.5 and 6. The hormones, FT4 level 1(1.7), level 2(2), HCG level 1(2.2), Prolactin level 1(3), level 2(3.3), FSH level 1(1.9), level 2(2.0), LH level 1(2), level 2(1.9) and Progesterone level 1(3.4), level 2(3.3) showed poor performance with sigma level less than 3.5.

Conclusion: Stringent rules need not be applied for hormones with sigma>6. Moreover, control limits can be relaxed to 3S so that false rejections can be minimized. For hormones with sigma< 6, internal QC rules have to be strictly applied and the root cause analysis has to be done. To conclude, six sigma metrics is a powerful quality control tool which helps to improve the performance of the clinical laboratory and hence the efficiency of the health cares system.
Primary Testicular Lymphoma a Rare Extra Nodal Involvement of NHL
Authors: Anantharamakrishnan R. , Kumar Senthil , Pranay K. , Rao Rekadi Srinivasa
Published: December 2021

Primary testicular lymphoma is a collection of neoplasms that constitutes only 1–9% of testicular tumors. Although uncommon in the general population, it is the most common type of malignant testicular tumor in men ≥50 years of age. There are various subtypes, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt’s lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. In the adult testis, primary DLBCL represents the most frequent subtype of lymphoma (80–90%), whereas the majority of testicular lymphomas in children consist of secondary involvement by Burkitt’s lymphoma, DLBCL or lymphoblastic lymphoma. The typical clinical sign is a painless testicular mass of variable size that is usually unilateral. Primary testicular lymphoma may be identified during the initial presentation of primary or systemic malignant lymphomas, or during a clinical follow-up of patients with lymphoma. Historically, primary testicular lymphoma has been reported to exhibit a poor prognosis with an overall 5-year survival rate of 17–48%, particularly primary testicular DLBCL, whose clinical behavior has been reported to be aggressive and to demonstrate a high propensity to disseminate to the central nervous system (CNS) and skin at presentation and relapse. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this aggressive behaviour have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a patient with primary testicular DLBCL was examined from histological examination and immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis of testicular DLBCL.
Radiological Imaging and CA125 Correlation as Predictive Variables in Ovarian Pathologies
Authors: Varsha S. , Sree C. Bhavya , Ramakrishnan Karthik Krishna , Rajan Seena Cheppala , Pichandi Muthiah
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Primary Ovary Neoplasms are the most frequent tumors showing epithelial differentiation. Tumour Marker CA-125, glycoprotein synthesized mainly by neoplastic cells with epithelial differentiation. Serum Level of CA-125 has a biological potential of these lesions. This study is mainly done to evaluate the association between serum CA-125 levels and imaging findings and to predict malignancy in various ovarian lesions.

Objectives: To evaluate the capacity of CA125 and Imaging findings to predict malignancy in various ovarian pathologies.

Materials and Methods: Study area: Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Study design: Retrospective study.

Study period: 6months.

Study population: Patients with history and clinical symptoms of ovarian lesions and USG detected ovarian lesions confirmed on Radiological Imaging.

Sampling method: Purposive sampling Sample size: 30.

Inclusion criteria: Patients with clinically suspected ovarian lesions or indeterminate ovarian lesions on USG who underwent Radiological imaging and CA-125 estimation.

Exclusion criteria: Children less than 12years of age are excluded from this study.

Results: Among 30 cases, 19(63.33%) were benign and 2(6.67%) were borderline and 9(30%) were malignant lesion in the present study. Ovarian pathologies is mostly seen in women of age above 25 yrs(86.67%). In this study Ovarian lesions are more commonly seen in married women(86.67%) and menstruating women(56.67%). Out of 30 Cases, Serum CA-125 level <35IU/ml is seen among 13(43.33%) and level >35IU/ml is seen among 17(56.67%). Out of 17 women with CA-125 level >35IU/ml, 9 had malignant lesions on histopathology while 7 women had benign lesions and 1 women had borderline lesion.

Conclusion: The present study shows significant association of Serum CA-125 levels with mixed solid cystic ovarian lesions ill defined margins (possible Malignant Ovarian lesions) (p<0.05) especially in Post-menopausal women.
Atypical Oral Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Case Report
Authors: Sadananda V. , Hegde M. N. , Hegde N.
Published: December 2021

Hypogeusia, dysgeusia and ageusia are commonly prevalent and considered as the first recognized oral symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Various other oral manifestations have also been reported in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article presents clinical presentation of oral lesions in two patients who were subsequently confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Association of Serum Zinc Level with Febrile Seizures in Children
Authors: Naveed Maryum , Mohsin Rimsha , Khan Palwasha
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Febrile seizure (FS), previously known as febrile convulsion, is the most common seizure in children. FS usually occurs between six months and five years of age.

Aims and objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the association of serum zinc level with febrile seizures in children of Pakistan.

Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore during June 2020 to January 2021. The data was collected from 164 patients of both genders.

Results: The data was collected from 164 patients. In the case group, 46 children were male (53.3%), and 36 children (46.7%) were female. In the control group 44 children were male (43.3%) and 38 children were female (56.7%). The age of all participants was between one months and six years.

Conclusion: It is concluded that low serum zinc levels are fairly un-sufficient to support the hypothesis that Zinc deficiency could not be a potential risk factor for febrile seizure in children.
Evaluation of the Knowledge and Practise of Esthetic Dentistry amongst the Practicing Dentists of Private Dental Colleges of Navi Mumbai- A Questionnaire-based Study
Authors: Joshi Mridula , Dogra Sunil , Mhatre Swapnali , Joshi Nilesh V , Rao Prajakta , Ghadage Mahesh
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The inter-disciplinary approach to practise and also should constantly update their knowledge to keep up with the demands that this field presents.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of Esthetic dentistry amongst the practicing dentists of private dental colleges in Navi Mumbai, through a questionnaire- based study.

Materials and Methods: Self-administered KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, Practise) questionnaires were distributed amongst the practicing dentists of private dental colleges in Navi Mumbai. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed.

Statistical analysis used: Pearson’s chi. Sq. test was applied and the likelihood ratio calculated for each question. Independent T Test was applied for equality of means between the groups, i.e. both gender and graduate and post graduate qualifications.

Results: Most of the dentists were aware of the field and practise of Esthetic dentistry, although there were some differences found between the general dentists and specialists in adopting and accepting new dental procedures.  According to them, Finances played a major role in opting for an esthetic treatment by patients.  

Conclusion: With the advances in esthetic dentistry and increased level of patients’ expectations and awareness, practicing dentists should be well versed with the same, by attending continuing dental education programs and courses to update their skill and knowledge. Also Finances plays a major role in opting for an esthetic treatment.
The Effect of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension on Uteroplacental Vasculature Hemodynamic Changes and Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Gul Fahmida , Memon Sameena Gul , Javaid Maria , Kumar Suresh , Rai Yaswant , Poorani Kuldeep Kumar Mewaram
Published: December 2021

Background: Among the various complications of pregnancy, pregnancy-induced hypertension is found to be the most common which may affect maternal and fetal outcome. Pregnancy induced hypertension can cause growth retardation of fetus.

Aim and Objective: This study aims to assess hemodynamic variations in uteroplacental circulation in pregnancy-induced hypertension and its effect on fetal outcome.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at tertiary care hospital of nawab shah for the period of 06 months at Department of Radiology in association with Department of Gyne and Obs. Total 106 participants were selected for the study and all females were pregnant with 1st or 2nd trimester gestational record and medical history was taken from all participants and co-morbidities was also evaluated. Blood pressure was checked from all participants from their right arm in lying position and Ultrasound test was repeated as per requirement through color Doppler ultrasound machine and Data was analyzed by using statistical software SPSS. 24.00 version.

Results: After collection of research data from all participants, the entire data was assembled for the analysis. Participants were divided into various age groups as 26 were in 18-21yeras, 34 in 22-25years, 21 in 26-29years and only 07 were from 34-37years. 26 participants were belongs to 1st trimester, 34 among 2nd trimester and 21 in third trimester. PI was also noted with three different readings 32 in Umbilical artery, 21 in middle cerebral artery and 37 in uterine artery. RI was also noted among different arteries 41 in umbilical, 36 in middle cerebral and 39 in uterine arteries. S/D was also noted, 33 in umbilical artery, 49 in middle cerebral artery and 30 in uterine arteries.

Conclusion: Pregnancy-induced hypertension causes hemodynamic variations in uteroplacental vasculature which may be responsible for causing impaired fetal growth in some cases.
The Politeness Strategies Found in @kulinersby’s Instagram Account in Promoting Culinary Businesses
Authors: Gunawan Joshua Delbert , Tjitrakusuma Nani Indrajani
Published: December 2021

This study aims to find out the types of politeness2 that are found in @kulinersby’s promotion culinary business promotion, and from there, the comments that are included as politeness1. The analysis is based on the theories of Brown and Levinson (1987) and Watts (2003). Watts (2003) states that what is theoretically considered as politeness (politeness2) in Brown and Levinson (1987) may not be the case in reality (politeness1). This qualitative study is limited to video-based posts, with the comments only related to how the account’s administrator promotes culinary businesses. From this research, the writers find that even though both politeness2 and politeness1 conflict with each other, there are some similarities that are found in analyzing both politeness. In conclusion, despite the lasting influence of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory, it still has some notable flaws, notably with universality and multiple interpretation of the strategies by different individuals, among others.
ETNOGRAFI KOMUNIKASI PERGESERAN MAKNA PESAN TRADISI PADUNGKU PASCA KONFLIK POSO DI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Lapasila Nofianti , Bahfiarti Tuti , Farid Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Padungku merupakan fase paling akhir dari siklus pertanian dalam budaya suku Pamona yang disebut ta’u, yakni proses yang dilakukan dari mengolah sawah/ladang sampai masa panen. Penelitian ini berjudul Komunikasi Ritual Tradisi Padungku Dalam Harmonisasi Sosial Pasca Konflik Poso di Sulawesi Tengah. Tujuannya mengidentifikasi pergeseran makna pesan tradisi Padungku pasca konflik, dan melihat makna pesan ritual-ritual dalam tradisi Padungku sebelum konflik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian jenis kualitatif memakai metode etnografi komunikasi yaitu menggambarkan dan menganalisis serta menjelaskan perilaku komunikasi dari kelompok sosial.Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Selanjutnya data analisis menggunakan tehnik analisis data model interaktif Huberman yakni mengumpulkan data pada lokasi penelitian dengan menelaah hasil observasi dan wawancara lalu mereduksinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pergeseran makna pesan tradisi Padungku mempunyai dampak positif dalam harmonisasi sosial paska konflik di Poso Sulawesi Tengah. Makna mosintuwu; mangkoni-mangkeni; modero dalam tradisi Padungku mampu mejaga persatuan, kepedulian, dan harmonisasi, hingga tercipta sintuwu maroso (Bersatu kita kuat) di Tanah Poso
PENERIMAAN PENONTON PEREMPUAN MENGENAI KECANTIKAN PEREMPUAN MELALUI CORPORATE ADVERTISING SK II “BARE SKIN PROJECT”
Authors: Pusung Florence , Revia Brigitta , Nugraheni Yuli
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerimaan penonton perempuan mengenai kecantikan melalui Corporate Advertising SK II “Bare Skin Project”. Analisis dan pembahasan diarahkan pada bagaimana penerimaan penonton perempuan iklan korporat SK II “Bare Skin Project” yang menyatakan bagaimana pada masa sekarang ini setiap perempuan memiliki peluang yang sama dalam menjadi cantik, yakni cantik tanpa menggunakan makeup. Dengan menggunakan teori Public Relations, Iklan Korporat sebagai alat Public Relations, juga teori akan kecantikan. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif, dengan metode reception analysis. Hasil penelitian yang muncul lewat empat sub bab yang ada yaitu yang pertama terkait keinginan untuk cantik alami, yang kedua yakni bangga dengan kulit wajah alami tanpa makeup, ketiga yaitu penggunaan skincare pada kecantikan perempuan serta yang keempat yakni ideal cantik pada iklan. Dengan hasil, keempat informan berada pada posisi oppositional yang berarti menolak pesan dan makna yang diberikan oleh SK II serta satu informan yang berada pada posisi negotiated yang berarti menerima namun dengan kondisi tertentu
CONDICIONANTES DO DESEMPENHO DOS ESTUDANTES DE CONTABILIDADE: EVIDÊNCIAS EMPÍRICAS DE NATUREZA ACADÊMICA, DEMOGRÁFICA E ECONÔMICA.
Authors: Andrade Jesusmar Ximenes , Corrar Luís João
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo examina os efeitos de variáveis de natureza acadêmica, demográfica e econômica e como elas estão relacionadas com o desempenho dos estudantes dos cursos de contabilidade do Brasil. O procedimento metodológico utilizado nesta pesquisa foi o de desk research. A base examinada consistiu de uma população de 22.662 estudantes de graduação de Contabilidade que prestaram um exame de larga escala para avaliação do ensino superior brasileiro. As descobertas indicam que todas as variáveis incluídas no estudo, a exceção da condição racial, têm relação com o desempenho dos alunos, entretanto, as relações existentes demonstraram-se fracas. Testes de médias realizados indicam que todas as variáveis, a exceção da freqüência de utilização da biblioteca, revelam-se importantes para o desempenho dos alunos. As implicações desses efeitos e dessas influências sobre o desempenho são de grande importância para as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), bem como para professores de contabilidade.
The effects of empathy on search efforts for missing persons
Authors: Saraqini Dea , Nesmith Blake L. , Stear Cassie , Rath Hannah J. , Moore Kara N.
Published: December 2021

People have difficulty sighting missing persons, partially because the task requires people's limited cognitive resources. We examined whether empathy increases search behaviors and performance. We manipulated empathy felt toward a formerly (E1) and actively (E2) missing person. We measured willingness to volunteer to search for missing people in general (E1) and the actively missing person (E2). We measured search performance (E1) and time spent studying the missing person's poster (E2). The empathy manipulation affected willingness to search for the actively missing person (E2, H4), but not missing people in general (E1, H1). The empathy manipulation did not impact search behavior: effort toward searching (E1, H2 & 3) or time spent studying a missing persons poster (E2, H5). We reasoned that if empathy increased search behaviors, it could be induced in actual missing persons cases to increase recovery rates, but we found little evidence to support empathy as an effective intervention.
Wetting Behavior of Aprotic Li–Air Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Kube Alexander , Bienen Fabian , Wagner Norbert , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas
Published: December 2021

The open architecture of cathodes in Li–air batteries implies the need for open porosity with adequate pore size distribution and surface energy optimization with regard to the electrolyte. The interaction of liquid and cathode material, especially the wetting properties, which depend on cathode material, roughness and porosity, and electrolyte properties, needs to be understood properly to avoid flooding and assure high active areas. In this work, contact angle goniometry, capillary rise method, and pressure saturation curves are used to investigate the wetting properties of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (Tetraglyme), a 1:1 mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate (EC:DMC) and water on a gas diffusion layer (GDL) Sigracet 39BC, and a pure flat polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) foil. Contact angle measurement shows that all three organic solvents wet the GDL hydrophobic agent PTFE. Capillary rise measurements show that all sample liquids slowly imbibe into the porous network. While for Tetraglyme an efficient penetration is limited by the high viscosity, water flow rate is slowed down by the hydrophobic pore network of the GDL. Pressure saturation curves for DMSO, Tetraglyme, and EC:DMC can be obtained for the first time and are compared with the water pressure saturation curve.
A Packaged and Reusable Hydrogel Strain Sensor with Conformal Adhesion to Skin for Human Motions Monitoring
Authors: Zhao Meijin , Zhang Wenshuai , Wang Dan , Sun Peipei , Tao Yuanyuan , Xu Lingxiao , Shi Lei
Published: December 2021

Flexible strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels show great potential in wearable devices, electronic skins, and bioelectronics. However, hydrogels inevitably exhibit poor durability for long‐term usage due to the water loss by evaporation. Herein, an external packaging strategy is demonstrated for fabricating sandwich‐like packaged hydrogel strain sensors (PHSSs) through the combination of conductive hydrogel injection and subsequent packaging via a photopolymerization procedure. The as‐prepared PHSS consists of two functional parts, internal hydrogel conducting wires exhibiting excellent linear strain sensing performance as sensing element and an external packaging hydrogel layer with good transparency and conformal adhesion to human skin. Thanks to these intriguing merits, the PHSS possesses the capability to detect both the large‐scale and subtle human motions precisely. Particularly, compared to conventional naked hydrogel strain sensors, the lifespan of PHSS is proved to be remarkably enlarged benefiting from the protective effect of external packaging layer towards the embedded hydrogel sensing element. Besides, the swelling property of external packaging layer even after severe dehydration enables the sensor to be reusable. This work provides a new approach for the fabrication of flexible strain sensors with enhanced lifespan and good reusability.
Disorder‐Induced Dispersive Magneto‐Electroluminescence of Blue Emitters in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Pan Xin , Kwon Ohyun , Khanal Dipak Raj , Choi Byoungki , Vardeny Zeev Valy
Published: December 2021

Disorder‐induced inhomogeneity in blue‐fluorescent‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on mixtures of host and guest molecules is studied using magneto‐electroluminescence, MEL(B), response based on the so called “Δg mechanism”, where Δg is the difference in the Landé g‐factor of electrons and holes. The disorder in the organic active layer is manifested by a unique non‐Lorentzian MEL(B) response that is analyzed using a distribution of spin lifetimes for the injected electron–hole pairs that is determined by a dispersive parameter, α (<1). The carriers’ inhomogeneous response also influences the free carrier absorption spectrum, which shows characteristic properties described by a dispersive parameter β (<1). From the measured MEL(B) response at various injection conditions it is found that α is robust at increasing current density showing that the inhomogeneity is governed by intrinsic disorder in the device active layer. Also the obtained increase in α at low temperature indicates that the organic layer becomes more ordered, where longer‐lived electron–hole spin pairs are formed.
Sulfisoxazole Elicits Robust Antitumour Immune Response Along with Immune Checkpoint Therapy by Inhibiting Exosomal PD‐L1
Authors: Shin Jung Min , Lee Chan‐Hyeong , Son Soyoung , Kim Chan Ho , Lee Jae Ah , Ko Hyewon , Shin Sol , Song Seok Ho , Park Seong‐Sik , Bae Ju‐Hyun , Park Ju‐Mi , Choe Eun‐Ji , Baek Moon‐Chang , Park Jae Hyung
Published: December 2021

Despite their potent antitumor activity, clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been significantly limited by their poor response rates (<30%) in cancer patients, primarily due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. As a representative immune escape mechanism, cancer‐derived exosomes have recently been demonstrated to exhaust CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Here, it is reported that sulfisoxazole, a sulfonamide antibacterial, significantly decreases the exosomal PD‐L1 level in blood when orally administered to the tumor‐bearing mice. Consequently, sulfisoxazole effectively reinvigorates exhausted T cells, thereby eliciting robust antitumor effects in combination with anti‐PD‐1 antibody. Overall, sulfisoxazole regulates immunosuppression through the inhibition of exosomal PD‐L1, implying its potential to improve the response rate of anti‐PD‐1 antibodies.
Precise Molecular Engineering of Type I Photosensitizers with Near‐Infrared Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Image‐Guided Photodynamic Killing of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Xiao Peihong , Shen Zipeng , Wang Deliang , Pan Yinzhen , Li Ying , Gong Junyi , Wang Lei , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2021

Multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria pose a serious threat to human health. The development of alternative treatment modalities and therapeutic agents for treating MDR bacteria‐caused infections remains a global challenge. Herein, a series of near‐infrared (NIR) anion–π+ photosensitizers featuring aggregation‐induced emission (AIE‐PSs) are rationally designed and successfully developed for broad‐spectrum MDR bacteria eradication. Due to the strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and enhanced highly efficient intersystem crossing (ISC), these electron‐rich anion–π+ AIE‐PSs show boosted type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capability involving hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals, and up to 99% photodynamic killing efficacy is achieved for both Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug resistant Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli) under a low dose white light irradiation (16 mW cm−2). In vivo experiments confirm that one of these AIE‐PSs exhibit excellent therapeutic performance in curing MRSA or MDR E. coli‐infected wounds with negligible side‐effects. The study would thus provide useful guidance for the rational design of high‐performance type I AIE‐PSs to overcome antibiotic resistance.
Diskussion zum Erfordernis der jährlichen Hauptprüfung geschützter Holzbrücken
Authors: Koch Johannes , Simon Antje , Arndt Ralf W. , Jahreis Markus G.
Published: December 2021

Bauen mit Holz ist im Hinblick auf die klimapolitischen Zielsetzungen Deutschlands zukunftsweisend und unverzichtbar. Brückenbauwerke werden hierzulande jedoch nur selten in Holzbauweise errichtet, da sie aufgrund einiger schlecht geplanter Beispiele unter dem Generalverdacht stehen, nicht dauerhaft zu sein. Daher fordert der Bund in seinen Regelwerken für nahezu alle Holzbrücken eine jährliche Hauptprüfung. Diese Forderung stellt einen erheblichen Wettbewerbsnachteil gegenüber Brücken aus anderen Baustoffen dar, für die nur im sechsjährigen Turnus eine Hauptprüfung vorgeschrieben ist. Um auf der Grundlage belastbarer Messdaten dem Imageverlust der Holzbauweise im Brückenbau zu begegnen, wurden im Forschungsvorhaben Protected Timber Bridges (ProTimB) Langzeitmessungen der Holzfeuchte an neun geschützten Holzbrücken in Deutschland durchgeführt. Über 2,5–6 Jahre wurde die Holzfeuchteentwicklung an Brücken verschiedener Bauarten mit unterschiedlichen kleinklimatischen Randbedingungen aufgezeichnet. Das Ziel der Monitorings war es, die Wirksamkeit eines fachgerechten konstruktiven Holzschutzes aufzuzeigen und den Einfluss eines nahen Gewässers und einer Sprühnebelbeaufschlagung auf die Entwicklung der Holzfeuchte zu untersuchen. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Messungen zusammen. Auf Basis der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wird das Erfordernis einer jährlichen Hauptprüfung für geschützte Holzbrücken über Gewässern diskutiert.
Alashanoids O–S, seco‐Humulane and Eremophilane Sesquiterpenoids from Syringa pinnatifolia
Authors: Liu Changxin , Jiao Shungang , Li Anni , Xu Jixuan , Zhou Xiaochun , Chen Suyile , Tu Pengfei , Huang Luqi , Chai Xingyun
Published: December 2021

Five new sesquiterpenoids, alashanoids O–S (1–5), along with three known analogs (6–8) were isolated from the peeled stems of Syringa pinnatifolia. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of extensive spectroscopic data including ESI‐MS, 1D, 2D NMR. The absolute configurations were determined by comparing its experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism, calculated OR, calculated NMR, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction data analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 belong to the seco‐humulane type and possess a rare 13‐membered oxygen heterocycle framework, and 3–5 belong to eremophilane‐type. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed inhibitory effects against NO production in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with its IC50 values of 11.86±2.34, 72.08±7.72, and 69.22±15.29 μM, respectively, compared with the positive control indomethacin (IC50=31.52 μM).
Convenient Synthesis of Alternatively Bridged Tryptophan Ketopiperazines and Their Activities against Trypanosomatid Parasites
Authors: Cockram  Peter E. , Turner Callum A. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Terry K.
Published: December 2021

There is an urgent need for the development of new treatments against trypanosomatid parasites; the causative agents of some of the most debilitating diseases in the developing world. This work targets an interesting 6‐5‐6‐6 fused carboline scaffold, accessing a range of substituted derivatives through stereospecific intramolecular Pictet–Spengler condensation. Modification of the cyclisation conditions allowed retention of the carbamate protecting group and gave insight into the reaction mechanism. Compounds’ bioactivities were measured against T. brucei, T. cruzi, L. major and HeLa cells. We have identified promising pan‐trypanocidal lead compounds based on the core scaffold, and highlight key SAR trends which will be useful for the future development of these compounds as potent trypanocidal agents.
Dietary supplement use by individuals living with and beyond breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Conway Rana E. , Rigler Freyja V. , Croker Helen A. , Lally Phillippa J. , Beeken Rebecca J. , Fisher Abi
Published: December 2021

Background

Dietary supplements (DSs) are not recommended for the prevention of cancer recurrence. Although DS use is common in individuals living with and beyond cancer, its associations with beliefs about reduced cancer recurrence risk and demographic and health behaviors are unclear.

Methods

Adults (18 years old or older) who had been diagnosed with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer were recruited through National Health Service sites in Essex and London. Participants completed a mailed survey and telephone or online 24‐hour dietary recalls (MyFood24). Supplement use was collected during the dietary recalls. Associations between DS use and demographics, health behaviors, and beliefs about DSs and cancer were explored.

Results

Nineteen percent of 1049 individuals believed that DSs were important for the reduction of cancer recurrence risk, and 40% of individuals reported DS use. DS use was positively associated with being female (odds ratio [OR], 2.48; confidence interval [CI], 1.72‐3.56), meeting 5‐a‐day fruit and vegetable recommendations (OR, 1.36; CI, 1.02‐1.82), and believing that DSs were important for reducing cancer recurrence risk (OR, 3.13; CI, 2.35‐4.18). DS use was negatively associated with having obesity (OR, 0.58; CI, 0.38‐0.87). The most commonly taken DSs overall were fish oils (taken by 13%). Calcium with or without vitamin D was the most common DS taken by individuals with breast cancer (15%).

Conclusions

DS use by individuals living with and beyond cancer is associated with demographic factors and health behaviors. A belief that DSs reduce the risk of cancer recurrence is common and positively associated with DS use. There is a need for health care professionals to provide advice about DS use and cancer recurrence risk.
3D Flower‐Like Zinc Cobaltite for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Huang Pingping , Fan Tingting , Ma Xintao , Zhang Jiguang , Zhang Yanping , Chen Zhou , Yi Xiaodong
Published: December 2021

Nitrate (NO3−) as a common pollutant of groundwater causes drinking water safety problems and seriously endangers people‘s health. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia under ambient condition is a green and significant route to reduce the concentration of NO3− and produce ammonia (NH3), known as a complement to the Haber–Bosch reaction. Currently, noble‐metal electrocatalysts are often used in electrochemical reduction of NO3−, but high cost and scarcity limited their application. Herein, three‐dimensional (3D) flower‐like zinc cobaltite (ZnCo2O4) electrocatalyst was developed to convert nitrate into ammonia at room temperature. The NH3 yield rate could reach up to around 2100 μg mg−1 h−1 at a potential of −0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which was around 2.0 times higher than that of pristine Co3O4. In addition, the NH3 faradaic efficiency of ZnCo2O4 electrocatalyst could reach around 95.4 % at potential of −0.4 V vs. RHE with good structural and morphological stability, which surpassed most reported non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalysts. Further studies concluded that the improved activity of electrocatalytic NO3− reduction was ascribed to the existence of abundant active sites and the charge transfer from Co atoms to Zn atoms after Zn doping. Importantly, this work opens a new path for the development of Co‐based materials as electrocatalysts for reducing nitrate to ammonia.
Guanine‐Based G‐Quadruplexes Templated by Various Cations toward Potential Use as Single‐Ion Conductors
Authors: Kang So‐Huei , Lee Kyung Min , Cho Seok‐Kyu , Lee Ji Eun , Won Donghoo , Lee Sang‐Young , Kwak Sang Kyu , Yang Changduk
Published: December 2021

Inspired by the atomic‐sized, shape‐regulated features of G‐quadruplexes comprising guanine motifs with a monovalent metal cation, the G‐quadruplex‐forming ability, and properties of a guanine‐based π‐conjugated Y2 molecule containing bithiophene and peripheral dodecyl chain units in the presence of various cation salts (Li+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+) were exploited. A series of structural characterization revealed that Y2 yielded desirable G‐quadruplexes with all the tested cations as a consequence of the combination of a hydrogen‐bonded cyclic G‐quartet, π‐stacking, and cation‐dipole interactions. The radius and nature of the coordinating cations crucially affected the structural characteristics of G‐quadruplexes, leading to variations in the ion migration ability inside the cavity of the G‐quadruplex (Li+>Na+>K+>Mg2+), as characterized through theoretical and experimental investigations. These results not only improve the understanding of G‐quadruplex self‐assemblies based on guanine but also provide an impetus for their diverse potential applications, especially in the field of Li batteries.
Nocardiosis diagnosed on bronchoalveolar lavage: Role of cytopathology
Authors: Christensen Bianca B. , Moran Jakob M. T. , Torous Vanda F.
Published: December 2021

Nocardia are gram‐positive, filamentous bacteria that have the potential to cause serious disease, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Nocardia may cause a complex clinical picture, with radiologic features that can mimic other infectious organisms or malignancy. The organisms are not easily identified on cytologic examination given their weak staining with routine preparations and because they may be obscured by the associated inflammatory exudate. However, recognition of subtle features and a high index of suspicion in the appropriate clinical setting can lead to the appropriate triaging of material for ancillary stains and confirmatory microbiology tests. We herein present three cases of nocardiosis diagnosed on bronchoalveolar lavage in order to discuss the clinical presentation and cytomorphologic features with emphasis on the role of cytopathologists in facilitating timely diagnosis and helping direct appropriate management.
Metastatic mesonephric‐like endometrial adenocarcinoma diagnosed on transbronchial needle aspirate cytology
Authors: Hardy Naomi L. , Staats Paul N.
Published: December 2021

Mesonephric‐like adenocarcinoma is a relatively rare neoplasm with morphology similar to mesonephric adenocarcinoma but unassociated with mesonephric remnants. Its relatively recent description and rarity make it difficult to diagnose, but it has a high rate of distant metastasis, making distinction from endometrioid carcinoma important. Descriptions of its cytologic features are particularly limited. We describe a case of mesonephric‐like adenocarcinoma diagnosed on transbronchial needle aspiration of the lung, that had been misdiagnosed as endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma on a prior hysterectomy. We discuss the characteristic cyto and histomorphology, immunoprofile, molecular alterations, and clinical significance of this uncommon tumor.
A unidirectional certificateless proxy re‐signature scheme based on lattice
Authors: Zhou YiHua , Dong SongShou , Yang YuGuang
Published: December 2021

As a kind of special digital signature, proxy re‐signature is becoming more and more important in transparent certification and management of group signatures. But most existing proxy re‐signature schemes cannot resist collusion attack. So we construct a scheme by using dual modulus technology and lattice structure. Dual modulus technology can ensure that our solution can resist various collusion attacks. Lattice structure can ensure that our scheme is secure in the postquantum era. Compared with the previous scheme, our scheme is unidirectional and certificateless, is secure in the post‐quantum era, does not require key escrow, can prevent man‐in‐the‐middle attacks, and can resist collusion attacks of proxy and delegatee as well as proxy and delegator. Moreover, our scheme is unidirectional and has better privacy. Furthermore, under the random oracle model, we prove that our scheme is strong nonforgeability against external attackers and the internal key generation center.
Prevalence, characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of Cronobacter spp. in a milk powder processing environment: The first reported case in Serbia
Authors: Csorba Csaba , Pajić Marija , Blagojević Bojan , Forsythe Stephen , Radinović Miodrag , Velebit Branko
Published: December 2021

Cronobacter spp. are opportunistic foodborne pathogens that most often infect neonates and infants through contaminated powdered infant formula. No reports have been published in Serbia on the prevalence of Cronobacter spp. in powdered milk production environments. Consequently, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, molecular characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm‐forming ability of Cronobacter spp. isolated from a milk powder plant. Hundred samples were collected from the production facility. Fifteen Cronobacter sakazakii strains were isolated and identified, giving a contamination rate of 15%. Using multi‐locus sequence typing, the isolates were divided into five sequence types (STs). Cronobacter sakazakii ST4 (50%), ST1 (16.67%), and ST83 (16.67%) were the dominant STs isolated. A novel sequence type (ST759) was identified and registered in the Cronobacter MLST database. The results of the antibiotic susceptibility testing indicated that C. sakazakii strains were susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, and amoxicillin/clavulanate, especially to meropenem and cefotaxime. Most of the ST4 showed moderate‐to‐strong biofilm‐forming ability. The presence of clinically relevant isolates (ST4, ST1, ST83, and ST8) revealed that the production plant is likely a potential concern for public health. Finally, finding new sequence types like the one detected in this study (ST759) underlines evolving genetic changes in C. sakazakii.
Oligometastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma: Correlating tumor burden and time to treatment with outcomes
Authors: Tyan Kevin , Bae Ji Eun , Lorch Jochen H. , Margalit Danielle N. , Tishler Roy B. , Huynh Mai Anh , Jo Vickie Y. , Haddad Robert I. , Chau Nicole G. , Hanna Glenn J. , Schoenfeld Jonathan D.
Published: December 2021

Background

There is limited information on the management and outcomes of oligometastases (OM) in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).

Methods

Retrospective study of 42 patients with metastatic ACC of the head and neck. Imaging studies were analyzed to identify patients with OM (1–5 lesions) at any point during follow‐up.

Results

There was radiographic evidence of OM in 33/42 (79%) patients. Eighteen patients had OM when treated for metastases, with median overall survival (OS) of 36.0 versus 9.2 years for patients with polymetastases (6+ lesions, HR 0.38, 95%CI 0.14–0.89). Earlier locally ablative treatment, but not systemic treatment, of patients with OM predicted improved survival 3 years after metastasis (HR 0.15, 95%CI 0.02–0.63) and postponed systemic treatment by 80 more months (HR 0.22, 95%CI 0.07–0.71).

Conclusions

There is a considerable population of ACC patients with detectable oligometastases, and early locally ablative treatment of oligometastases may be associated with improved outcomes.
Loss of bile salt export pump aggravates lipopolysaccharide‐induced liver injury in mice due to impaired hepatic endotoxin clearance
Authors: Remetic Jelena , Ghallab Ahmed , Hobloss Zaynab , Brackhagen Lisa , Hassan Reham , Myllys Maiju , Radun Richard , Mlitz Veronika , Zhu Ci , Baumgartner Maximilian , Schrottmaier Waltraud C. , Mussbacher Marion , Timelthaler Gerald , Scharnagl Hubert , Stojakovic Tatjana , Assinger Alice , Fuchs Claudia D. , Hengstler Jan G. , Trauner Michael
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) clearance is delayed in cholestatic liver diseases. While compromised clearance by Kupffer cells (KCs) is involved, the role of LPS uptake into hepatocytes and canalicular excretion remains unclear.

Approach and Results

Wild‐type (WT) and bile salt export pump (Bsep) knockout (KO) mice were challenged i.p. with LPS. Liver injury was assessed by serum biochemistry, histology, molecular inflammation markers, and immune cell infiltration. LPS concentrations were determined in liver tissue and bile. Subcellular kinetics of fluorescently labeled LPS was visualized by intravital two‐photon microscopy, and the findings in Bsep KO mice were compared to common bile duct–ligated (BDL) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mdr2) KO mice. Changes in gut microbiota composition were evaluated by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis. Bsep KO mice developed more pronounced LPS‐induced liver injury and inflammatory signaling, with subsequently enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines and aggravated hepatic immune cell infiltration. After LPS administration, its concentrations were higher in liver but lower in bile of Bsep KO compared to WT mice. Intravital imaging of LPS showed a delayed clearance from sinusoidal blood with a basolateral uptake block into hepatocytes and reduced canalicular secretion. Moreover, LPS uptake into KCs was reduced. Similar findings with respect to hepatic LPS clearance were obtained in BDL and Mdr2 KO mice. Pretreatment with the microtubule inhibitor colchicine inhibited biliary excretion of LPS in WT mice, indicating that LPS clearance is microtubule‐dependent. Microbiota analysis showed no change of the gut microbiome between WT and Bsep KO mice at baseline but major changes upon LPS challenge in WT mice.

Conclusions

Absence of Bsep and cholestasis in general impair LPS clearance by a basolateral uptake block into hepatocytes and consequently less secretion into canaliculi. Impaired LPS removal aggravates hepatic inflammation in cholestasis.
Bush Nippers: Evaluating the effectiveness of the Nipper education program in regional inland Victoria, Australia
Authors: Calverley Hannah L. M. , Birch Rhiannon , Strugnell Grace , Santiago Allana C. , Baker Shayne , Matthews Bernadette L.
Published: December 2021

Issue addressed

Internationally, inland waterways are identified as leading locations for drowning. ‘Nippers’ programs provide coastal lifesaving and water safety knowledge and skills to children aged 5‐14 years in Australia. However, a 49% increase in Victorian inland waterway drowning compared with the 10‐year average, necessitated adapting the Nippers water safety program to inland regions: Bush Nippers.

Methods

Overall, 105 participants from two age groups (under 9 and under 12) were involved across three Bush Nippers programs delivered at river and/or pool locations in regional Victoria, Australia. Surveys and observations assessed participants’ water safety knowledge and competencies, and used alongside interviews to obtain program feedback from parents, instructors and communities. Costs were compared to other aquatic programs to determine feasibility of replicating the program.

Results

Significant increases in knowledge from pre to immediate posttest were recorded (P < .05) and water competencies were high posttest. Communities were grateful for the regional program delivery and understood the necessity of learning lifesaving skills, particularly in open water environments. Costs were akin to other similar programs indicating program replicability and enhancing likelihood of uptake.

Conclusions

Bush Nippers increased water safety knowledge in children and was well received by the community. Wider uptake of the program is encouraged to diversify aquatic education for regional Victorian children.

So what?

Given the high regard and demand for the program, and importance of learning lifesaving skills, provision of a scalable lifesaving program in inland regions may address the drowning trend and improve aquatic participation.
Improved performance of the SH test as an in vitro skin sensitization test with a new predictive model and decision tree
Authors: Imai Noriyasu , Takeyoshi Midori , Aizawa Sakiko , Tsurumaki Mika , Kurosawa Masaharu , Toyoda Akemi , Sugiyama Maki , Kasahara Kaoru , Ogata Shinichi , Omori Takashi , Hirota Morihiko
Published: December 2021

Demands for the elimination and replacement of animal experiments for cosmetic safety assessment have increased in recent years. Evaluation of skin sensitization, however, is a critical issue in cosmetic safety assessment. The SH test is an in vitro skin sensitization test method that evaluates protein binding of chemical substances, which is an important event in skin sensitization. We previously verified the technical transferability and between‐laboratory reproducibility of the SH test, a domestic test method for which no scientific research has been conducted, and improved the protocol, but also noted some unresolved issues. Therefore, in the present study, we successfully improved the operational efficiency and clarity of the final judgment of the SH test by (i) developing a new decision‐making system that can make a final judgment without statistical processing, (ii) changing the statistical method, and (iii) evaluating and determining the maximum number of repetitions necessary for optimal efficiency. The improved SH test was verified by comparing it with existing test methods already adopted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The results of this study demonstrated excellent performance of the improved SH test, with high reproducibility, reliable predictability, and good operational efficiency. The predictive performance of the improved method does not differ significantly from that of the conventional method, although it is clearer and more efficient. Therefore, the results of the present improved method are consistent with those obtained using the conventional method, with higher efficiency.