bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mechanistic modelling approach to understand 1‐MCP inhibition of ethylene action and quality changes during ripening of apples
Authors: Gwanpua Sunny George , Verlinden Bert E , Hertog Maarten LATM , Nicolai Bart M , Geeraerd Annemie H
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

1‐Methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) inhibits ripening in climacteric fruit by blocking ethylene receptors, preventing ethylene from binding and eliciting its action. The objective of the current study was to use mathematical models to describe 1‐MCP inhibition of apple fruit ripening, and to provide a tool for predicting ethylene production, and two important quality indicators of apple fruit, firmness and background colour.

RESULTS

A model consisting of coupled differential equations describing 1‐MCP inhibition of apple ripening was developed. Data on ethylene production, expression of ethylene receptors, firmness, and background colour during ripening of untreated and 1‐MCP treated apples were used to calibrate the model. An overall adjusted R2 of 95% was obtained. The impact of time from harvest to treatment, and harvest maturity on 1‐MCP efficacy was modelled. Different hypotheses on the partial response of ‘Jonagold’ apple to 1‐MCP treatment were tested using the model. The model was validated using an independent dataset.

CONCLUSIONS

Low 1‐MCP blocking efficacy was shown to be the most likely cause of partial response for delayed 1‐MCP treatment, and 1‐MCP treatment of late‐picked apples. Time from harvest to treatment was a more important factor than maturity for 1‐MCP efficacy in ‘Jonagold’ apples. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Interest groups and social media: An examination of cause and sectional groups' social media strategies in the EU
Authors: Kanol Direnç , Nat Muesser
Published: January 2017

This paper examines social media use by cause and sectional interest groups in the European Union. The literature suggests that cause groups should focus on building a constituency more than sectional groups, because they do not offer exclusive benefits to their members. Cause groups face collective action problems more than sectional groups, so they have to take a proactive approach to community building. The nature of the causes cause groups lobby for is also more suitable for protest and thus calls to action. An in‐depth analysis of a random sample of 1,000 tweets by cause and sectional groups reveals differences with respect to social media use. Cause groups use social media to pursue two‐way communication with the public slightly—albeit not significantly—more than sectional groups. Cause groups mobilise the public to take action significantly and substantively more than specific interests.
Synthesis of N,N‐dimethylaminopyrene‐modified short peptides for chemical photocatalysis
Authors: Hermann Sergej , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim
Published: January 2017

The synthesis of peptide‐based photocatalysts that use 1‐N,N‐dimethylaminopyrene as chromophore and their application in photocatalysis is reported. The copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition was applied as key step to prepare the peptide–pyrene conjugates in quantitative yields for different short peptide sequences. The photocatalysts were evaluated for the nucleophilic addition of methanol to 1,1‐diphenylethylenes to products with Markovnikov‐type orientation The short peptides contain arginine as substrate binding site during photocatalysis, and thus, the reaction was performed without the additive triethylamine that was previously applied as electron shuttle. Full conversion of the substrate and good yields for the addition product were achieved. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the Al content of the AlGaN buffer layer in AlGaN/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor structures on a Si substrate
Authors: Yamaoka Yuya , Kakamu Ken , Ubukata Akinori , Yano Yoshiki , Tabuchi Toshiya , Matsumoto Koh , Egawa Takashi
Published: January 2017

We investigated the effect of the Al content in the AlGaN buffer layer on the initial AlN nucleation layer, for AlGaN/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMT), on a Si substrate. Reducing the Al content in the AlGaN layer decreased the surface pit density of the AlGaN layer, and increased the leakage current of the AlGaN/AlN/Si structures, but the crystal quality of the AlGaN layer was not changed by the Al content. The dislocation density of the GaN layer and the two‐dimensional electron gas characteristics of the HEMT structures, were almost the same for the AlGaN buffer layer with differing Al content. However, the vertical‐direction breakdown voltage (VDBV) was decreased at an Al content of 0.760 compared with other HEMT structures. In addition, the fluctuations of SLS layer were observed at an Al content of 0.760. The warpage and cracking of the HEMT structures were minimized at an Al content of 0.558. Based on these results, the VDBV of HEMT structures are not correlated with the VDBV of the AlGaN buffer layer. However, the VDBV of HEMT structures is affected by the surface pit density of the AlGaN buffer layer. In addition, the warpage of HEMTs on a Si substrate, can be controlled by the Al content of the AlGaN buffer layer.
Stable Large‐Area (10 × 10 cm2) Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Module Exceeding 10% Efficiency
Authors: Hu Yue , Si Si , Mei Anyi , Rong Yaoguang , Liu Huawei , Li Xiong , Han Hongwei
Published: January 2017

The commercial manufacturing of perovskite solar modules (PSM) suffers from stability concerns and scalability issues. We demonstrate a hole‐conductor‐free printable solar module embodiment, which employs a triple layer of mesoporous TiO2/ZrO2/carbon as scaffold, and is infiltrated by a mixed cation lead halide perovskite (5‐AVA)x(MA)1−xPbI3 as a light harvester. Here, hole conductor or Au reflector are not employed, and instead, the back contact comprises simply a printed carbon layer. Upon optimizing the thickness alignment of the triple mesoscopic layer and the design of the active area, the unit cell shows 14.02% power conversion efficiency (PCE) under 100 mW cm−2 condition, while a larger area of 10 serially connected cells module (10 × 10 cm2), shows a 10.4% PCE on an active area of 49 cm2. Light‐soaking stability of 1000 h has been demonstrated, as well as local outdoor stability of 1 month and a shelf‐life stability of over 1 year. This paves the way for the realization of efficient and stable large‐area PSMs for industrial deployment.
Synthesis of Anionic Surfactant and Their Application in Washing of Oil‐Contaminated Soil
Authors: Gracida Jorge , Ortega‐Ortega Josue , Torres B Luis G. , Romero‐Avila Margarita , Abreu Arturo
Published: January 2017

In this study, we report the synthesis of an anionic surfactant 5‐(3,4,5‐tris(hexyloxy)benzyloxy)isophthalic acid disodium salt (AS‐5) and its application to wash off a contaminated soil with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). The synthesis of the anionic surfactant was achieved in five steps with a 56% overall yield. AS‐5 was characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy while its precursor was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR. Some surfactant properties such as surface tension (ST), critical miceilar concentration (CMC) and E24 test were determined. AS‐5 showed a significant capability to decrease the water surface tension, the minimum value of the surface tension obtained was 25.9 mN/m while the CMC value was 54.6 mg/L (8.87 × 10−3 mM). The capability of AS‐5 to remove TPH from a contaminated soil with concentrations higher than 24 000 mg TPH/kg soil was demonstrated and the percentage removed ranged from 52 to 76% as determined at different concentrations of AS‐5.
Quantum Information Theory
Authors: Wilde Mark M.
Published: January 2017

Developing many of the major, exciting, pre- and post-millennium developments from the ground up, this book is an ideal entry point for graduate students into quantum information theory. Significant attention is given to quantum mechanics for quantum information theory, and careful studies of the important protocols of teleportation, superdense coding, and entanglement distribution are presented. In this new edition, readers can expect to find over 100 pages of new material, including detailed discussions of Bell's theorem, the CHSH game, Tsirelson's theorem, the axiomatic approach to quantum channels, the definition of the diamond norm and its interpretation, and a proof of the Choi–Kraus theorem. Discussion of the importance of the quantum dynamic capacity formula has been completely revised, and many new exercises and references have been added. This new edition will be welcomed by the upcoming generation of quantum information theorists and the already established community of classical information theorists.
Using Images to Facilitate Writing for Skills Assessment: A Visual PELA
Authors: Baird Craig , Dooey Patricia
Published: January 2017

Determining the writing skill level of students commencing tertiary education is a key element in predicting their likely study success and in providing appropriate writing development opportunities. Writing tests constructed around written instructions often assume high levels of reading and comprehension skills, which in some instances impose difficulties for students who have varying levels of comprehension and writing skills as shaped by their cultural and ethnic, learning journey experiences and previous formal English language instruction. Many universities have now established Post-Entry Language Assessment (PELA) tools as a means to determining student language skills at the commencement of their studies. Discussed here is a Visual PELA (VP) intended to stimulate student writing of a small passage of text for the purpose noted above. The visual nature of this instrument is intended to provide an alternative approach for visual learners, or those for whom written instructions pose difficulties, to demonstrate their literacy skills. This paper describes the development and initial testing of a VP with a view to it becoming an additional tool for determining writing skills levels for commencing students. A trial of this VP took place with a cohort of mostly international students having English as an Additional Language/Dialect (EAL/D) undertaking higher degree by research studies in an Australian university. The VP used here was founded on the idea of using images to stimulate the writing of a short passage of text where students can find their own context and ideas to write in an imaginative way and thus demonstrate their writing skill on entry to their tertiary studies.
Cosmological Inference from Host-Selected Type Ia Supernova Samples
Authors: Uddin Syed A. , Mould Jeremy , Lidman Chris , Ruhlmann-Kleider Vanina , Hardin Delphine
Published: January 2017

We compare two Type Ia supernova samples that are drawn from a spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernova sample: a host-selected sample in which SNe Ia are restricted to those that have a spectroscopic redshift from the host; and a broader, more traditional sample in which the redshift could come from either the SN or the host. The host-selected sample is representative of SN samples that will use the redshift of the host to infer the SN redshift, long after the SN has faded from view. We find that SNe Ia that are selected on the availability of a redshift from the host differ from SNe Ia that are from the broader sample. The former tend to be redder, have narrower light curves, live in more massive hosts, and tend to be at lower redshifts. We find that constraints on the equation of state of dark energy, w, and the matter density, ΩM, remain consistent between these two types of samples. Our results are important for ongoing and future supernova surveys, which unlike previous supernova surveys, will have limited real-time follow-up to spectroscopically classify the SNe they discover. Most of the redshifts in these surveys will come from the hosts.
Carbon Sources in Fruit Carbonate of Buglossoides arvensis and Consequences for 14C Dating
Authors: Zamanian Kazem , Pustovoytov Konstantin , Kuzyakov Yakov
Published: January 2017

Fruit carbonate of Buglossoides arvensis (syn. Lithospermum arvense) is a valuable dating and paleoenvironmental proxy for late Quaternary deposits and cultural layers because CaCO3 in fruit is assumed to be accumulated from photosynthetic carbon (C). However, considering the uptake of HCO3– by roots from soil solution, the estimated age could be too old depending on the source of HCO3– allocated in fruit carbonate. Until now, no studies have assessed the contributions of photosynthetic and soil C to the fruit carbonate. To evaluate this, the allocation of photo-assimilated carbon and root uptake of HCO3– was examined by radiocarbon (14C) labeling and tracing. B. arvensis was grown in carbonate-free and carbonate-containing soils (sand and loess, respectively), where 14C was provided as (1) 14CO2 in the atmosphere (5 times shoot pulse labeling), or (2) Na214CO3 in soil solution (root-labeling; 5 times by injecting labeled solution into the soil) during one month of fruit development. Distinctly different patterns of 14C distribution in plant organs after root- and shoot labeling showed the ability of B. arvensis to take up HCO3– from soil solution. The highest 14C activity from root labeling was recovered in roots, followed by shoots, fruit organics, and fruit carbonate. In contrast, 14C activity after shoot labeling was the highest in shoots, followed by fruit organics, roots and fruit carbonate. Total photo-assimilated C incorporated via shoot labeling in loess-grown plants was 1.51 mg lower than in sand, reflecting the presence of dissolved carbonate (i.e. CaCO3) in loess. Loess carbonate dissolution and root-respired CO2 in soil solution are both sources of HCO3– for root uptake. Considering this dilution effect by carbonates, the total incorporated HCO3– comprised 0.15% of C in fruit carbonate after 10 hr of shoot labeling. However, if the incorporated HCO3– during 10 hr of shoot labeling is extrapolated for the whole month of fruit development (i.e. 420-hr photoperiod), fruit carbonate in loess-grown plants incorporated approximately 6.3% more HCO3– than in sand. Therefore, fruit carbonates from plants grown on calcareous soils may yield overestimated 14C ages around 500 yr because of a few percentage uptake of HCO3– by roots. However, the age overestimation because of HCO3– uptake becomes insignificant in fruits older than approximately 11,000 yr due to increasing uncertainties in age determination.
Towards a phenomenology of Samnite fortified centres
Authors: Bispham E. H. , Bradley G. J. , Hawthorne J. W. J. , Kane S.
Published: January 2017

The Sangro Valley Project was established in 1994 by John Lloyd, Neil Christie and Amalia Faustoferri. Its aim was to study anthropogenic change in society, economy and settlement between the Bronze Age and the Middle Ages, within the context of a Mediterranean river valley system (see Lloyd et al. 1997; Lloyd & Faustoferri 1998). Part of this research has integrated field survey between the Sangro river and Monte Pallano with excavations conducted by the Soprintendenza on the mountain itself. Monte Pallano is best known for its fine megalithic walls (Oakely 1995: 84-7), marking a putative oppidum site. Recent Italian excavations [with Anglo-American support] have aimed at clarifying the situation at a substantial public buildinghilla complex on the mountain. This work has been fruitful in its initial phases; much, however, remains to be done.
The origins of the civilization of Angkor
Authors: Higham Charles , Thosarat Rachanie
Published: January 2017

The transition to states in mainland Southeast Asia began during the first centuries AD, and has commonly been ascribed to the adoption of Indian religious and political ideas which arrived on the maritime silk route. Recent research on the Khmer language inscriptions dating from 611 AD has revealed strong local traditions underlying the Indic veneer. In assessing these trends to increased social complexity, however, we have lacked insight into late prehistoric culture.
Cosmology, calendars and society in Neolithic Orkney: a rejoinder to Euan MacKie
Authors: Ruggles Clive , Barclay Gordon
Published: January 2017

The authors examine critically MacKie's long-standing contentions concerning Neolithic Britain — theocratic control of society, the relationships between monuments and sunrise or sunset on significant days of the year, the use of an ‘elaborate and accurate’ solar calendar and its survival into the Iron Age and into modern times.
Archaeology and education in Argentina
Authors: Podgorny Irina
Published: January 2017

Archaeology — as a branch of anthropology in Argentina — mainly deals with the past of its indigenous peoples. This way of understanding archaeology has its roots in the organization of national scientific institutions and in the development of natural history museums of the last century (Lopes & Podgorny in press). As in Brazil (Lopes 1997), the museums were the loci for the establishment of archaeology and natural sciences as academic fields in Argentina. The collections and their classification and exhibition were tied to geographical categorization of aboriginal cultures within the national territory (Podgorny 1999a). In both Buenos Aires and La Plata museums — the first two centres to develop archaeological studies — archaeology grew from the travels of exploration that surveyed the resources of the country.
Archaeological approaches to the study of Islam in Island Southeast Asia
Authors: Lape Peter
Published: January 2017

The Indonesian archipelago (Island Southeast Asia) now has the largest Muslim population in the world. How, when and why did Islam arrive? Archaeological investigations show that the conversion process was long and patchy with many forces at work.
The identification and protection of cultural heritage during the Iraq conflict: A peculiarly English tale
Authors: Stone Peter
Published: January 2017

The author offers us a first hand account of his extraordinary and unexpected duties during the second Iraq war. This is history, heritage, regulation and perhaps even legislation in the making.
Thermotolerance, oxidative stress, apoptosis, heat-shock proteins and damages to reproductive cells of insecticide-susceptible and -resistant strains of the diamondback mothPlutella xylostella
Authors: Zhang L.J. , Chen J.L. , Yang B.L. , Kong X.G. , Bourguet D. , Wu G.
Published: January 2017

In this study, we investigated thermotolerance, several physiological responses and damage to reproductive cells in chlorpyrifos-resistant (Rc) and -susceptible (Sm) strains of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostellasubjected to heat stress. The chlorpyrifos resistance of these strains was mediated by a modified acetylcholinesterase encoded by an allele,ace1R, of theace1gene. Adults of the Rc strain were less heat resistant than those of the Sm strain; they also had lower levels of enzymatic activity against oxidative damage, higher reactive oxygen species contents, weaker upregulation of two heat shock protein (hsp) genes (hsp69s andhsp20), and stronger upregulation of two apoptotic genes (caspase-7 and -9). The damage to sperm and ovary cells was greater in Rc adults than in Sm adults and was temperature sensitive. The lower fitness of the resistant strain, compared with the susceptible strain, is probably due to higher levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis, which also have deleterious effects on several life history traits. The greater injury observed in conditions of heat stress may be due to both the stronger upregulation of caspase genes and weaker upregulation ofhspgenes in resistant than in susceptible individuals.
Substrate selection of Christmas tree worms (Spirobranchusspp.) in the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea
Authors: Perry Orly , Sapir Yuval , Perry Gad , Ten Hove Harry , Fine Maoz
Published: January 2017

Christmas tree worms (Spirobranchusspp.) are prominent sessile organisms inhabiting hermatypic corals in tropical and sub-tropical reefs. Until recently, most of the largerSpirobranchusspecies were considered to be in obligatory associations with live hermatypic corals. However, recent studies indicate that someSpirobranchusspecies can build tubes on artificial substrate as well and that others may show preferences for using specific species of corals and hydrozoans as substrates. In the present study, we conducted a survey ofSpirobranchusspp. substrate preference in the Gulf of Eilat. We found seven morphotaxa ofSpirobranchus, of which two may be a single new species. We show thatSpirobranchustaxa differ not only in their morphology, but also in their substrate use. Our results demonstrate that the ecological niche ofSpirobranchusis species-specific, and a putative innate preference exists for some substrates.
APOCALYPTIC AND ESCHATOLOGICAL THOUGHT IN ENGLAND AROUND THE YEAR 1000
Authors: Cubitt Catherine
Published: January 2017

This article explores the ideas circulating in Englandc. 1000 about the fate of the soul after death, the afterlife and the Last Judgement. It looks at the discourse concerning these topics in the sermons of the Blickling Homilies, Vercelli Book and in sermons by Wulfstan and Ælfric, and argues for lively debatec. 1000 concerning the imminence of the End. It suggests that these texts, especially those by Wulfstan and Ælfric, should be seen in dialogue with one another, and argues that the recent revised dating of Wulfstan's apocalyptic sermons places them in relation to political and legal developments. It argues for a political dimension to this debate and highlights the responses of the king, Æthelred the Unready – demonstrated in diplomatic evidence – which suggests a heightened concern for his own salvation and for that of his family at this date. It places this royal anxiety not only in relation to ideas about the year 1000 and the End of the World but also in relation to the preaching in the homilies of Vercelli Book and of the Blickling collection concerning the fate of the soul and the higher standard of Christian conduct born by the wealthy and by those in responsibility. It concludes by emphasising the multiple and varied thinking about the Last Judgement in Englandc. 1000.
THE USES OF FOREIGNERS IN MAO-ERA CHINA: ‘TECHNIQUES OF HOSPITALITY’ AND INTERNATIONAL IMAGE-BUILDING IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC, 1949–1976
Authors: Lovell Julia
Published: January 2017

This paper focuses on the inner workings of Mao-era China's ‘foreign affairs’ system (waishi xitong): the complex, comprehensive web of bureaucracy woven after 1949 to monitor and control Chinese contact with the outside world. It explores one of the channels along which the People's Republic between 1949 and 1976 tried to project international, soft-power messages beyond conventional diplomatic channels: the inviting of so-called ‘foreign guests’ (waibin) on carefully planned tours around China, often with all or at least some expenses paid. Earlier accounts of this hospitality have evoked a machine of perfect control, carefully judged to manipulate visitors and rehearsed to ensure flawless performances by Chinese hosts. Using memoirs and Chinese archival documents, the paper discusses the attitude of top-level leaders to such visits, the way in which trips were prepared and planned, and the successes and weaknesses of the system. It argues that the People's Republic of China's hosting programme had a domestic as well as an international purpose. Although foreigners were the official target (and indeed, Maoist China's ‘techniques of hospitality’ garnered some rich international political dividends) the government also used the preparation for and execution of hosting duties to underscore at home the triumph of the revolution.
Emotional memory: From affective relevance to arousal
Authors: Montagrin Alison , Sander David
Published: January 2017

Arousal is typically conceived as a key component of emotional response. We describe here the psychological processes thought to elicit arousal – in particular, the processes involved in the appraisal of affective relevance. The key role of relevance in attentional and memory processing, and its links with arousal, is discussed with respect to the GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model described by Mather et al.
Competition elicits arousal and affect
Authors: Phaf R. Hans
Published: January 2017

The emotion–cognition integration in Mather et al. can be extended by specifying the relationship between competition and arousal in the reverse direction. According to affective monitoring, competition raises arousal, which, when sustained, results in negative affect, evoking theta oscillations, and when resolved, in positive affect, evoking gamma oscillations. Competition should be considered a core process in both cognition and emotion.
Locus coeruleus reports changes in environmental contingencies
Authors: Sara Susan J.
Published: January 2017

The GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model proposed by Mather et al. attempts to explain how norepinephrine enhances processing in highly activated brain regions. Careful perusal of the sparse data available from recording studies in animals reveals that noradrenergic neurons are excited mainly by any change in the environment – a salient, novel, or unexpected sensory stimulus or a change in behavioral contingencies. This begets the “network reset hypothesis” supporting the notion that norepinephrine promotes rapid cognitive and behavioral adaption
Hallucinations and mental imagery demonstrate top-down effects on visual perception
Authors: Howe Piers D. L. , Carter Olivia L.
Published: January 2017

In this commentary, we present two examples where perception is not only influenced by, but also in fact driven by, top-down effects: hallucinations and mental imagery. Crucially, both examples avoid all six of the potential confounds that Firestone & Scholl (F&S) raised as arguments against previous studies claiming to demonstrate the influence of top-down effects on perception.
Fundamental differences between perception and cognition aside from cognitive penetrability
Authors: Halford Graeme S. , Hine Trevor J.
Published: January 2017

Fundamental differences between perception and cognition argue that the distinction can be maintained independently of cognitive penetrability. The core processes of cognition can be integrated under the theory of relational knowledge. The distinguishing properties include symbols and an operating system, structure-consistent mapping between representations, construction of representations in working memory that enable generation of inferences, and different developmental time courses.
The folly of boxology
Authors: Beck Diane M. , Clevenger John
Published: January 2017

Although the authors do a valuable service by elucidating the pitfalls of inferring top-down effects, they overreach by claiming that vision is cognitively impenetrable. Their argument, and the entire question of cognitive penetrability, seems rooted in a discrete, stage-like model of the mind that is unsupported by neural data.
Modeling and control of an underactuated tractor–trailer wheeled mobile robot
Authors: Khanpoor Asghar , Khalaji Ali Keymasi , Moosavian S. Ali A.
Published: January 2017

Trajectory tracking is one of the main control problems in the context of Wheeled Mobile Robots (WMRs). Control of underactuated systems has been focused by many researchers during past few years. In this paper, tracking control of a Tractor–Trailer Wheeled Mobile Robot (TTWMR) has been discussed. TTWMR includes a differential drive WMR towing a passive spherical wheeled trailer. Spherical wheels in contrast with standard wheels make the robot highly underactuated with severe non-linearities. Underactuation is due to the use of spherical wheeled trailer to increase robots' maneuverability and degrees of freedom. In fact, standard wheels are subjected to non-holonomic constraints due to pure rolling and non-slip conditions, which reduce robot maneuverability. In this paper, after introducing the robot, kinematics and kinetics models are obtained. Then, based on a physical intuition, a novel control algorithm is developed for the robot, i.e. Lyapunov-PID control algorithm. Subsequently, singularity avoidance of the proposed algorithm is discussed and the stability of the algorithm is analyzed. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented which reveal the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Database Green: Software, Environmentalism and Data Flows in China
Authors: Tarantino Matteo , Zimmermann Basile
Published: January 2017

Significant efforts towards environmental transparency have been made by the Chinese government since 2008. This paper focuses on the technical decisions shaping a database of official pollution information built and operated by a Chinese NGO known as the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE). Issues of standardization, power distribution and institutional fragmentation are discussed. The paper illustrates a case of NGOs integrating enforcement capabilities as data centres amidst the growing reliance on processes of informational governance of environmental issues.
Data-driven process planning for shipbuilding
Authors: Bao Jinsong , Zheng Xiaohu , Zhang Jianguo , Ji Xia , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2017

Erection planning in shipbuilding is a highly complex process. When a process change happens for some reason, it is often difficult to identify how many factors are affected and estimate how sensitive these factors can be. To optimize the planning and replanning of the shipbuilding plan for the best production performance, a data-driven approach for shipbuilding erection planning is proposed, which is composed of an erection plan model, identification of major factors related to the erection plan, and a data-driven algorithm to apply shipbuilding operation data for creating plans and forecasting, for plan adjustment, future availabilities of shipyard resources including machines, equipment, and man power. Through data clustering, the relevant factors are identified as a result of plan change, and critical equipment health management is carried out through data-driven anomaly detection. A case study is implemented, and the result shows that the proposed data-driven method is able to reschedule the shipbuilding plans smoothly.
High added value of a population-based participatory surveillance system for community acute gastrointestinal, respiratory and influenza-like illnesses in Sweden, 2013–2014 using the web
Authors: PINI A. , MERK H. , CARNAHAN A. , GALANIS I. , VAN STRATEN E. , DANIS K. , EDELSTEIN M. , WALLENSTEN A.
Published: January 2017

In 2013–2014, the Public Health Agency of Sweden developed a web-based participatory surveillance system, Hӓlsorapport, based on a random sample of individuals reporting symptoms weekly online, to estimate the community incidence of self-reported acute gastrointestinal (AGI), acute respiratory (ARI) and influenza-like (ILI) illnesses and their severity. We evaluated Hӓlsorapport's acceptability, completeness, representativeness and its data correlation with other surveillance data. We calculated response proportions and Spearman correlation coefficients (r) between (i) incidence of illnesses in Hӓlsorapport and (ii) proportions of specific search terms to medical-advice website and reasons for calling a medical advice hotline. Of 34 748 invitees, 3245 (9·3%) joined the cohort. Participants answered 81% (139 013) of the weekly questionnaires and 90% (16 351) of follow-up questionnaires. AGI incidence correlated with searches on winter-vomiting disease [r = 0·81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·69–0·89], and ARI incidence correlated with searches on cough (r = 0·77, 95% CI 0·62–0·86). ILI incidence correlated with the web query-based estimated incidence of ILI patients consulting physicians (r = 0·63, 95% CI 0·42–0·77). The high response to different questionnaires and the correlation with other syndromic surveillance systems suggest that Hӓlsorapport offers a reasonable representation of AGI, ARI and ILI patterns in the community and can complement traditional and syndromic surveillance systems to estimate their burden in the community.
La liaison en français contemporain dans la parole publique (1999–2015)
Authors: LAKS BERNARD , PEUVERGNE JULIE
Published: January 2017

La parole publique constitue un observatoire privilégié pour de la phonologie du français. Son témoignage sur les changements phonologiques en cours est étudié sur le terrain de la liaison. Un corpus de discours et d'interviews de femmes et d'hommes politiques couvrant la période 1999–2015 démontre l'hétérogénéité profonde du phénomène: liaison obligatoire et liaison variable constituent deux phénomènes nettement distincts. Le premier est relativement stable tandis que le second profondément variable est marqué par un changement en cours. Le changement affecte un petit nombre de mots très fréquents, ce qui induit une variabilité très importante.
Pour un renouvellement de l'enseignement de la liaison en FLE au regard des corpus: défis d'apprentissage et usages contemporains
Authors: RACINE ISABELLE , DETEY SYLVAIN
Published: January 2017

La maîtrise de la liaison constitue indéniablement un enjeu majeur pour l'apprentissage – et l'enseignement – du FLE. Nous examinerons pourquoi la liaison est si complexe du point de vue des apprenants, avant de nous intéresser aux difficultés qu'elle pose aux non natifs, en perception et en production. Nous montrerons enfin en quoi le corpus du projet ‘Interphonologie du français contemporain’ (IPFC) fournit un cadre adéquat et innovant pour l'analyse des productions de liaison en FLE, analyse qui, couplée aux enseignements des corpus oraux de locuteurs natifs, s'avère indispensable pour être en mesure de proposer des ressources pédagogiques adaptées.
NLP in a post-truth world
Authors: DALE ROBERT
Published: January 2017

We live in a post-truth world. It now matters more whether people think something is true than whether something really is true. This is dangerous, and technology is at least partly to blame. So, as technologists, how can we help to fix this?
A Pilot Investigation of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Clinical Perfectionism in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Sadri Shalane K. , Anderson Rebecca A. , McEvoy Peter M. , Kane Robert T. , Egan Sarah J.
Published: January 2017

Background: Perfectionism is strongly associated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Cognitive behavioural therapy for perfectionism (CBT-P) has been found to result in reductions in a range of symptoms in individuals with anxiety disorders, depression and eating disorders. Aim: To pilot-test the efficacy of group CBT for perfectionism in participants with OCD and elevated perfectionism. Method: Participants were randomized to receive immediate 8-week group CBT-P (n = 4) or an 8-week waitlist followed by CBT-P (n = 7). Results: Reliable reductions and a large effect size indicated that CBT-P was associated with improvements in perfectionism and OCD severity at post-test. However, these changes were not clinically significant and drop-out was high, resulting in a small final sample. Conclusions: CBT-P may be effective in reducing perfectionism and disorder-specific OCD symptoms. However, the high drop-out rate and lack of clinically significant findings suggest that further research needs to be conducted to determine the efficacy of CBT for perfectionism in OCD.
Cosmopolitanism for Earth Dwellers: Kant on the Right to be Somewhere
Authors: Huber Jakob
Published: January 2017

The paper provides a systematic account of Kant’s ‘right to be somewhere’ as introduced in the Doctrine of Right. My claim is that Kant’s concern with the concurrent existence of a plurality of corporeal agents on the earth’s surface (to which the right speaks) occupies a rarely appreciated conceptual space in his mature political philosophy. In grounding a particular kind of moral relation that is ‘external’ (as located in bounded space) but not property-mediated, it provides us with a fundamentally new perspective on Kant’s cosmopolitanism, which I construe as a cosmopolitanism for ‘earth dwellers’.
Predictive modelling analysis for development of a radiotherapy decision support system in prostate cancer: a preliminary study
Authors: Kim Kwang Hyeon , Lee Suk , Shim Jang Bo , Chang Kyung Hwan , Cao Yuanjie , Choi Suk Woo , Jeon Se Hyeong , Yang Dae Sik , Yoon Won Sup , Park Young Je , Kim Chul Yong
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study is to develop predictive models to predict organ at risk (OAR) complication level, classification of OAR dose-volume and combination of this function with our in-house developed treatment decision support system.

Materials and methods

We analysed the support vector machine and decision tree algorithm for predicting OAR complication level and toxicity in order to integrate this function into our in-house radiation treatment planning decision support system. A total of 12 TomoTherapyTM treatment plans for prostate cancer were established, and a hundred modelled plans were generated to analyse the toxicity prediction for bladder and rectum.

Results

The toxicity prediction algorithm analysis showed 91·0% accuracy in the training process. A scatter plot for bladder and rectum was obtained by 100 modelled plans and classification result derived. OAR complication level was analysed and risk factor for 25% bladder and 50% rectum was detected by decision tree. Therefore, it was shown that complication prediction of patients using big data-based clinical information is possible.

Conclusion

We verified the accuracy of the tested algorithm using prostate cancer cases. Side effects can be minimised by applying this predictive modelling algorithm with the planning decision support system for patient-specific radiotherapy planning.
A Historical Survey of Southern African Liturgy: Liturgical Revision from 1908 to 2010
Authors: Bethke Andrew-John
Published: January 2017

The article surveys liturgical developments in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa from 1908 to 2010. The author uses numerous source documents from several Anglican archives to analyse the experimental and fully authorized liturgies, detailing the theological and sociological shifts which underpinned any significant changes. The author includes several sources which, until this point, have not been considered; particularly in relation to the reception of newer liturgies. These include letters, interviews and newspaper articles. Influences from the Roman Catholic Church, the Church of South India, the Church of England, the Episcopal Church in the USA and the Church of New Zealand all contributed to the authorized rites in the local church. Furthermore, the article shows that local, traditionally disenfranchised voices are now beginning to be included with liturgical transformation.
Circuit models of lossy coaxial shielded cables connected to non-linear loads to analyze radiated and conducted susceptibilities
Authors: Saih Mohamed , Rouijaa Hicham , Ghammaz Abdelilah
Published: January 2017

This paper studies the variation effects of incident plane wave on shielded coaxial cables, using Branin's method, which is called the method of characteristics. That model can be directly used for the time- and frequency-domain analyses. Moreover, it had the advantage of being used without the need of setting the preconditions of the charges applied to its ends. This makes it easy to insert in circuit simulators, such as SPICE, SABER, and ESACAP. The results obtained under ESACAP were remarkably similar to other results, which reinforce the validity of the model. Finally, we will discuss the effects of the variation of the incident plane wave.
Signed, Sealed, but not Delivered: The EU and the Ratification of the Marrakesh Treaty
Authors: Ramalho Ana
Published: January 2017

This section is devoted to giving readers an inside view of the crossing point between intellectual property (IP) law and risk regulation. In addition to updating readers on the latest developments in IP law and policies in technological fields (including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, agriculture and foodstuffs), the section aims at verifying whether such laws and policies really stimulate scientific and technical progress and are capable of minimising the risks posed by on-going industrial developments to individuals’ health and safety, inter alia.
Acknowledging and Addressing the Issue of Match Fixing: The Case of Sport Organisations
Authors: Villeneuve Jean-Patrick
Published: January 2017

This section discusses the regulation of “lifestyle risks”, a term that can apply to both substances and behaviours. Lifestyle risks take place along the line of “abstinence – consumption – abuse – addiction”. This can concern substances such as food, alcohol or drugs, as well as behaviours such as gambling or sports. The section also addresses the question of the appropriate point of equilibrium between free choice and state intervention (regulation), as well as the question of when risks can be considered to be acceptable or tolerable. In line with the interdisciplinary scope of the journal, the section aims at updating readers on both the regulatory and the scientific developments in the field. It analyses legislative initiatives and judicial decisions and at the same time it provides insight into recent empirical studies on lifestyle risks.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the ISDS Carve-out for Tobacco Control Measures
Authors: Gruszczynski Lukasz
Published: January 2017

This report analyzes the tobacco carve-out clause (as well as the negotiations that led to its adoption) included in the final text of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, which permits the TPP Parties to deny investors that challenge their tobacco control measures access to the investor-state dispute settlement mechanism. The report also discusses the potential advantages and disadvantages of such a solution.
Reconstructing metastatic seeding patterns of human cancers
Authors: Reiter Johannes G. , Makohon-Moore Alvin P. , Gerold Jeffrey M. , Bozic Ivana , Chatterjee Krishnendu , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Vogelstein Bert , Nowak Martin A.
Published: January 2017

Reconstructing the evolutionary history of metastases is critical for understanding their basic biological principles and has profound clinical implications. Genome-wide sequencing data has enabled modern phylogenomic methods to accurately dissect subclones and their phylogenies from noisy and impure bulk tumour samples at unprecedented depth. However, existing methods are not designed to infer metastatic seeding patterns. Here we develop a tool, called Treeomics, to reconstruct the phylogeny of metastases and map subclones to their anatomic locations. Treeomics infers comprehensive seeding patterns for pancreatic, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Moreover, Treeomics correctly disambiguates true seeding patterns from sequencing artifacts; 7% of variants were misclassified by conventional statistical methods. These artifacts can skew phylogenies by creating illusory tumour heterogeneity among distinct samples.In silicobenchmarking on simulated tumour phylogenies across a wide range of sample purities (15–95%) and sequencing depths (25-800 × ) demonstrates the accuracy of Treeomics compared with existing methods.
A bizarre Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird with unique crural feathers and an ornithuromorph plough-shaped pygostyle
Authors: Wang Min , O’Connor Jingmai K , Pan Yanhong , Zhou Zhonghe
Published: January 2017

Enantiornithes are the most successful clade of Mesozoic birds. Here, we describe a new enantiornithine bird,Cruralispennia multidontagen. et sp. nov., from theProtopteryx-horizon of the Early Cretaceous Huajiying Formation of China. Despite being among the oldest known enantiornithines,Cruralispenniadisplays derived morphologies that are unexpected at such an early stage in the evolution of this clade. A plough-shaped pygostyle, like that of the Ornithuromorpha, evolved convergently in theCruralispennialineage, highlighting the homoplastic nature of early avian evolution. The extremely slender coracoid morphology was previously unknown among Early Cretaceous enantiornithines but is common in Late Cretaceous taxa, indicating that by 131 million years ago this clade had already experienced considerable morphological differentiation.Cruralispenniapreserves unusual crural feathers that are proximally wire-like with filamentous distal tips, a new morphotype previously unknown among fossil or modern feathers, further increasing the known diversity of primitive feather morphologies.
Light controls cerebral blood flow in naive animals
Authors: Rungta Ravi L , Osmanski Bruno-Félix , Boido Davide , Tanter Mickael , Charpak Serge
Published: January 2017

Optogenetics is increasingly used to map brain activation using techniques that rely on functional hyperaemia, such as opto-fMRI. Here we test whether light stimulation protocols similar to those commonly used in opto-fMRI or to study neurovascular coupling modulate blood flow in mice that do not express light sensitive proteins. Combining two-photon laser scanning microscopy and ultrafast functional ultrasound imaging, we report that in the naive mouse brain, light per se causes a calcium decrease in arteriolar smooth muscle cells, leading to pronounced vasodilation, without excitation of neurons and astrocytes. This photodilation is reversible, reproducible and energy-dependent, appearing at about 0.5 mJ. These results impose careful consideration on the use of photo-activation in studies involving blood flow regulation, as well as in studies requiring prolonged and repetitive stimulations to correct cellular defects in pathological models. They also suggest that light could be used to locally increase blood flow in a controlled fashion.
SC83288 is a clinical development candidate for the treatment of severe malaria
Authors: Pegoraro Stefano , Duffey Maëlle , Otto Thomas D , Wang Yulin , Rösemann Roman , Baumgartner Roland , Fehler Stefanie K , Lucantoni Leonardo , Avery Vicky M , Moreno-Sabater Alicia , Mazier Dominique , Vial Henri J , Strobl Stefan , Sanchez Cecilia P , Lanzer Michael
Published: January 2017

Severe malaria is a life-threatening complication of an infection with the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which requires immediate treatment. Safety and efficacy concerns with currently used drugs accentuate the need for new chemotherapeutic options against severe malaria. Here we describe a medicinal chemistry program starting from amicarbalide that led to two compounds with optimized pharmacological and antiparasitic properties. SC81458 and the clinical development candidate, SC83288, are fast-acting compounds that can cure a P. falciparum infection in a humanized NOD/SCID mouse model system. Detailed preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies reveal no observable drawbacks. Ultra-deep sequencing of resistant parasites identifies the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting PfATP6 as a putative determinant of resistance to SC81458 and SC83288. Features, such as fast parasite killing, good safety margin, a potentially novel mode of action and a distinct chemotype support the clinical development of SC83288, as an intravenous application for the treatment of severe malaria.