bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Replacing canola meal as the major protein source with wheat dried distillers’ grains alters omasal fatty acid flow and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows
Authors: Chibisa G. E. , Christensen D. A. , Mutsvangwa T.
Published: February 2013

Chibisa, G. E., Christensen, D. A. and Mutsvangwa, T. 2013. Replacing canola meal as the major protein source with wheat dried distillers’ grains alters omasal fatty acid flow and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 137–147. Wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles (W-DDGS) has a high fat content and is now commonly fed to dairy cows in western Canada. The objective was to determine the effects of replacing canola meal (CM) with W-DDGS on omasal fatty acid (FA) flow and milk FA composition. Four ruminally-cannulated lactating dairy cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Cows were fed either a standard barley silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) (0% W-DDGS, control) or TMR containing 10, 15 and 20% W-DDGS, with W-DDGS replacing CM as the major protein source. The omasal flow of C18:1 trans-10, C18:1 trans-11, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) cis-9, trans-11, and total CLA increased linearly with increasing levels of W-DDGS. There were quadratic changes in milk concentrations of total C18:2, C18:3n-3, total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and total n-6 PUFA as the level of W-DDGS increased. Feeding increasing amounts of W-DDGS resulted in a linear increase in milk concentrations of CLA cis-9, trans-11, CLA trans-11, trans-13, and total CLA, whereas milk concentrations of C18:1 trans-11 tended to increase linearly when level of W-DDGS increased. Feeding increasing amounts of W-DDGS resulted in quadratic changes in milk concentrations of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3. In summary, feeding increasing amounts of W-DDGS increased milk concentrations of key FA like C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, CLA cis-9, trans-11, and total CLA, which can potentially improve human health.
Long-range transport of biomass burning smoke to Finland in 2006
Authors: Riuttanen L. , Dal Maso M. , de Leeuw G. , Riipinen I. , Sogacheva L. , Vakkari V. , Laakso L. , Kulmala M.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Finland experienced extraordinary smoke episodes in 2006. The smoke was measured at the three SMEAR measurement network stations in Finland after it had been transported several hundreds of kilometers from burning areas in Eastern Europe. A trajectory method combining MODIS fire detections and HYSPLIT trajectories enabled us to separate the effect of biomass burning smoke from the measured concentrations and also study the changes in the smoke during its transport. The long-range transported smoke included at least NOx, SO2, CO2, CO, black carbon and fine aerosol particles, peaking at 100 to 200 nm size. The most reliable smoke markers were CO and SO2, especially when combined with particle data, for which black carbon or the condensation sink are very effective parameters separating the smoke episodes from no-smoke episodes. Signs of fresh secondary particles was observed based on the particle number size distribution data. While transported from south to north, particles grew in size, even after transport of tens of hours and several hundreds of kilometres. No new aerosol particle formation events were observed at the measurement sites during the smoke periods.
3D VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MIDDLE STOA IN THE ATHENS ANCIENT AGORA
Authors: Kontogianni G. , Georgopoulos A. , Saraga N. , Alexandraki E. , Tsogka K.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Reconstruction is an action that re-builds a ruin or a non-existing structure trying to reproduce its form and shape at a given moment of its past. Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage monuments used to be common practice during the 19th and 20th centuries. However, contemporary ways of thinking and approaching the issue of reviving the past have introduced a lot of scepticism as far as reconstructions are concerned. An attractive alternative is virtual reconstruction, which does not involve any intervention to the existing relics, while it offers all advantages to the curator. In this paper the virtual reconstruction of a non-existing building of the Athenian Agora is described, presented and visualized. All data collected were evaluated and used appropriately for the final product. It is evident that, on one hand, the data collected do not all belong to the target period and, on the other, not all the data necessary to built up the model are available today. Therefore, one needs to carefully select the data corresponding to the period of study and complete them with suitable hypotheses. It is imperative that both tasks must be done in collaboration of the archaeologists and architects responsible for the monument. In this context a hierarchy of the data was developed, based on their reliability as far as their “correctness” is concerned. The data were categorized for their reliability after careful evaluation. The accuracy of the data depends on the source; hence the data which originate from a drawing or from one study of the 3D reconstructed monument are considered more accurate than data which come from a source referring to architectural elements of other monuments or written reports of travelers. Sometimes the data appear in more than one source, in this case they must be checked for their reliability. In cases of remaining artifacts that could be found in the museum and belonged to the building a different approach was followed. They were used to produce 3D models and these were later attached to the final 3D model. From the final virtual reconstruction a short video has also been produced for the better visualization of the result.
ASSESSMENTS FOR 3D RECONSTRUCTIONS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Manferdini A. M. , Galassi M.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The aim of this contribution is to show the results of evaluations on 3D digitizations performed using different methodologies and technologies. In particular, for surveys conducted at the architectural and urban scale, the recent reduction of costs related to Time of Flight and phase shift laser scanners is actually enhancing the replacement of traditional topographic instruments (i.e. total stations) with range-based technologies for the acquisition of 3D data related to built heritage. If compared to surveys performed using traditional topographic technologies, range-based ones offer a wide range of advantages, but they also require different skills, procedures and times. The present contribution shows the results of a practical application of both approaches on the same case study. Another application was suggested by the recent developments in the photogrammetric field that enhance the improvement of software able to automatically orient uncalibrated cameras and derive dense and accurate 3D point clouds, with evident benefits in reduction of costs required for survey equipment. Therefore, the presented case study constituted the occasion to compare a rangebased survey with a fast 3D acquisition and modelling using a Structure from Motion solution. These survey procedures were adopted at an architectural scale, on a single building, that was surveyed both on the outside and on the inside. Assessments on the quality of the rebuilt information is reported, as far as metric accuracy and reliability is concerned, as well as on time consuming and on skills required during each step of the adopted pipelines. For all approaches, these analysis highlighted advantages and disadvantages that allow to conduct evaluations on the possible convenience of adopting range-based technologies instead of a traditional topographic approach or a photogrammetric one instead of a range based one in case of surveys conducted at an architectural/urban scale.
PROCEDURAL MODELING FOR RAPID-PROTOTYPING OF MULTIPLE BUILDING PHASES
Authors: Saldana M. , Johanson C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. RomeLab is a multidisciplinary working group at UCLA that uses the city of Rome as a laboratory for the exploration of research approaches and dissemination practices centered on the intersection of space and time in antiquity. In this paper we present a multiplatform workflow for the rapid-prototyping of historical cityscapes through the use of geographic information systems, procedural modeling, and interactive game development. Our workflow begins by aggregating archaeological data in a GIS database. Next, 3D building models are generated from the ArcMap shapefiles in Esri CityEngine using procedural modeling techniques. A GIS-based terrain model is also adjusted in CityEngine to fit the building elevations. Finally, the terrain and city models are combined in Unity, a game engine which we used to produce web-based interactive environments which are linked to the GIS data using keyhole markup language (KML). The goal of our workflow is to demonstrate that knowledge generated within a first-person virtual world experience can inform the evaluation of data derived from textual and archaeological sources, and vice versa.
IMAGE ACQUISITION AND MODEL SELECTION FOR MULTI-VIEW STEREO
Authors: Wenzel K. , Rothermel M. , Fritsch D. , Haala N.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Dense image matching methods enable efficient 3D data acquisition. Digital cameras are available at high resolution, high geometric and radiometric quality and high image repetition rate. They can be used to acquire imagery for photogrammetric purposes in short time. Photogrammetric image processing methods deliver 3D information. For example, Structure from Motion reconstruction methods can be used to derive orientations and sparse surface information. In order to retrieve complete surfaces with high precision, dense image matching methods can be applied. However, a key challenge is the selection of images, since the image network geometry directly impacts the accuracy, as well as the completeness of the point cloud. Thus, the image stations and the image scale have to be selected according carefully to the accuracy requirements. Furthermore, most dense image matching solutions are based on multi-view stereo algorithms, where the matching is performed between selected pairs of images. Thus, stereo models have to be selected from the available dataset in respect to geometric conditions, which influence completeness, precision and processing time. Within the paper, the selection of images and the selection of optimal stereo models are discussed according to to photogrammetric surface acquisition using dense image matching. For this purpose, impacts of the acquisition geometry are evaluated for several datasets. Based on the results, a guideline for the acquisition of imagery for photogrammetric surface acquisition is presented. The simple and efficient capturing approach with "One panorama each step" ensures complete coverage and sufficiently redundant observations for a surface reconstruction with high precision and reliability.
ADVANCED REPRESENTATION TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO THE TEMPLE OF NEPTUNE, THE SPHINX AND THE METOPE IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OF PAESTUM
Authors: Cardinale T. , Valva R. , Lucarelli M.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The Summer School of Surveying and 3D modelling in Paestum was an opportunity to explore the use of innovative tools and advanced techniques in the design, implementation and management of surveys of historic and artistic complexes. In general such methods are used specifically for the development and management of vulnerability maps of existing heritage and so for the preventive conservation and valorisation of the built environment. The accurate detection of risk situations and the systematic promotion of highly selected and minimally invasive maintenance practices means that restoration and the efficiency of cycles of intervention can be optimized, with clear benefits from economic and cultural points of view. The group worked on the survey and 3D modelling of the Temple of Neptune, the Sphinx and the Metope of the Archaeological Park in Paestum.
INTERIOR RECONSTRUCTION USING THE 3D HOUGH TRANSFORM
Authors: Dumitru R.-C. , Borrmann D. , Nüchter A.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Laser scanners are often used to create accurate 3D models of buildings for civil engineering purposes, but the process of manually vectorizing a 3D point cloud is time consuming and error-prone (Adan and Huber, 2011). Therefore, the need to characterize and quantify complex environments in an automatic fashion arises, posing challenges for data analysis. This paper presents a system for 3D modeling by detecting planes in 3D point clouds, based on which the scene is reconstructed at a high architectural level through removing automatically clutter and foreground data. The implemented software detects openings, such as windows and doors and completes the 3D model by inpainting.
Climate-induced landslide reactivation at the edge of the Most Basin (Czech Republic) – progress towards better landslide prediction
Authors: Burda J. , Hartvich F. , Valenta J. , Smítka V. , Rybář J.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The catastrophic landslide at Eisenberg in North Bohemia was reactivated during January 2011. This study integrates a range of geoscientific evidence in order to constrain the spatial and temporal development of this reactivation. It has investigated long-term geodetic measurements to assess the morphological development of the site over the last two decades. There is evidence to suggest that, over this period, the site had been subjected to progressive deformation caused by the collapse of an old mine gallery. However, climatic data show that the reactivation itself was triggered by a dramatic rise in the water table induced by rapid snowmelt during a period of winter warming. Furthermore, geomorphological mapping has been used to characterise the morphology of the reactivated landslide and geophysical profiling has been used to analyse its internal structure. The results show that fissures are continuing to develop above the reactivated landslide scarp while highly saturated stiff-fissured claystones provide an incipient slide plane. The application of laser scanning has shown minimal evidence for ongoing landslide activity. It is, however, clear that future landslide events will occur here due to the favourable lithological, structural, and geotechnical conditions. Finally, we propose that future landslide activity at the site may be predicted by the height of water table as this defines theoretical pore pressure at the depth of the shear plane.
Temporal and spatial variations in ionospheric electron density profiles over South Africa during strong magnetic storms
Authors: Yao Y. B. , Chen P. , Zhang S. , Chen J. J.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Observations from the South African TrigNet global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and vertical total electron content (VTEC) data from the Jason-1 satellite were used to analyze the variations in ionospheric electron density profiles over South Africa before and after the severe geomagnetic storms on 15 May 2005. Computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) was used to inverse the 3-D structure of ionospheric electron density and its response to the magnetic storms. Inversion results showed that electron density significantly increased at 10:00 UT, 15 May compared with that at the same period on 14 May. Positive ionospheric storms were observed in the inversion region during the magnetic storms. Jason-1 data show that the VTEC observed on descending orbits on 15 May significantly increased, whereas that on ascending orbits only minimally changed. This finding is identical to the CIT result.
Total Hip Arthroplasty following an Ipsilateral above Knee Amputation
Authors: Diamond Owen J. , Mullan Conor J. , McAlinden M. Gavan , Brown John G.
Published: February 2013

Total hip arthroplasty in patients with previous above knee amputations is rare. We present a unique case where the patient had only 130 mm of proximal femur remaining following a previous traumatic above knee amputation. The short segment of femur meaning a conventional femoral stem could not be used. We describe the technique of total hip arthoplasty for this patient using a mini hip prosthesis and report a successful clinical and radiological outcome at 2 years post-op.
The Content-Focused Methods Course: A Model for Integrating Pedagogy and Mathematics Content
Authors: Steele Michael D. , Hillen Amy F.
Published: February 2013

In the majority of secondary mathematics teacher preparation programs, the work of learning mathematics and the work of learning to teach mathematics are separated, leaving open the question of when and how teachers integrate their knowledge of content and pedagogy. We present a model for a content-focused methods course, which systematically develops a slice of mathematics content in the context of typical methods course activities. Three design principles are posited that undergird the design of such a course, addressing the nature of the mathematics content, the sequencing and design of activities, and the ways in which the course addresses the needs of diverse learners. Data from an instantiation of one such course is presented to illustrate the ways in which the course design framed teachers' opportunities to learn about both content and pedagogy.
Tüketici Sorunları Hakem Heyeti Raporları Ve Tüketici Davranışları: Odunpazarı Örneği / Ground Jury of the Consumer Issues Reports and Consumer Behavior: Odunpazarı Example
Authors: ADIYAMAN Muhittin
Published: February 2013

Bu çalışma 4077 Sayılı Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun’la hukuk sistemimize kazandırılan Tüketici Sorunları Hakem Heyetlerinin işleyişi, şikâyetlerin alınma ve değerlendirme sürecine dair 358.566 nüfuslu Odunpazarı ilçesinde tüketici sorunlarına üretilen çözümlerin boyutu ve tüketici davranışlarını sunmayı amaçlayan bir uygulama örneğidir. Çalışmamız; Tüketici Sorunları Hakem Heyeti Yönetmeliğinin 25. Maddesi gereği dörder aylık dönemler hâlinde hazırlanan Eskişehir Odunpazarı Tüketici Sorunları Hakem Heyeti’nin 2009-2012 yılları arasındaki faaliyet raporlarında belirtilen müracaat sayıları, tüketicinin lehine ve aleyhine olarak sonuçlanan karar sayıları ve şikâyetlerin türünü kapsamaktadır. Tüketici Sorunları Hakem Heyetleri aynı yönetmelik çerçevesinde çalışmalarına rağmen şikâyetlerin alınma ve değerlendirme sürecinde uygulama farklılıkları olabilmektedir. Bu farklılıklardan biri de Müdürlüğümüzün iş akışını hızlandırmak amacıyla geliştirdiği bir yazılımla şikâyetleri alıp değerlendirmesidir. Tüketici Sorunları Hakem Heyetlerinin raporlarına ait ülke çapında sistemli bir veri tabanı olmalı; Hakem Heyetlerinin uygulamalarına ve karar sonuçlarına yönelik karşılaştırmaların yapılarak, tüketici sorunlarının detaylı tetkiki sonucu üretilecek çözümlerle tüketici mağduriyetlerinin önüne geçilmelidir. Ground Jury of the Consumer Issues Reports and Consumer Behavior: Odunpazarı Example This study is an example of application with Law No. 4077 on Consumer Protection offered to judicial system functioning ground jury of the consumer Issues, about the process complaints of inclusion and assessment aims to provide generated solutions to consumer problems and consumer behavior of Odunpazarı district with 358.566 population. Our study contains; with the regulation 25 on ground jury of the consumer Issues article the number of application, number of decisions resulting in the consumer's favor and against and the type of complaints about annual reports between the years 2009-2012 of Eskişehir Odunpazarı ground jury of the consumer Issues prepared in a period of four months. Despite the complaints received and the evaluation process to run under the same regulations, the implementation may be differences for Ground Jury of The Consumer Issues. One of these differences in order to accelerate workflow, the directorate has developed a software evaluation to take complaints. Ground jury of the consumer Issues reports should be a data base system around worldwide; Comparions about ground jury implementation and result of decision, solutions will be produced as a result of a detailed examination of the problems of the consumer, should make the consumer grievances avoid.
Selective Plasmonic Platforms Based on Nanopillars to Enhance Vibrational Sum‐Frequency Generation Spectroscopy
Authors: Lis Dan , Caudano Yves , Henry Marie , Demoustier‐Champagne Sophie , Ferain Etienne , Cecchet Francesca
Published: February 2013

The enhancement of the vibrational sum‐frequency generation (SFG) signal from molecules adsorbed on metallic nanopillars excited at a resonance frequency matching their localized surface plasmons is reported. The nanopillars stand vertically on a metal surface and possess two plasmon modes that can be selectively excited by either the incident visible laser beam, or the generated SFG beam itself. This nanostructured platform increases the molecular SFG signal of a monolayer by two orders of magnitude. The localization and the geometry of the two plasmon modes enables to probe the molecules adsorbed onto the vertical nanopillar wall, or on the top of it, or on the flat surface between the pillars, selectively. In practice, this spatial selectivity is set by switching the polarization of the visible and SFG beams at resonance. Owing to the largely improved sensitivity combined with a specific spatial selectivity, plasmon‐enhanced SFG boosts the versatility of second‐order vibrational SFG spectroscopy or microscopy. This makes them promising platforms in the development of analytical molecular devices.
Determinants of Decision to Pay a Price Premium for Modified Food in Korea
Authors: Kaya Ozgur , Florkowski Wojciech J. , Yen Steven T. , Suh Dong‐Kyun
Published: February 2013

The knowledge of whether or not consumers are willing to pay a price premiums and the amount of the willingness to pay (WTP) when buying foods with more fiber, vitamins, protein, fat, and less saturated fat shapes food manufacturer and distributor marketing strategies and supports the development of public health programs. In this study we analyze survey data collected in Korea to identify consumer profiles associated with both the binary decision and the level of WTP for foods with nutritionally desired attributes. Results indicate the importance of socio‐economic variables, location, variables representing the risk of health problems, implicit lifestyle differences and attributes related to food preparation. [EconLit Classification: Q130, Q180].
Superhydrophobic polyurethane and silica nanoparticles coating with high transparency and fluorescence
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Zhang Yaoming , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei
Published: February 2013

A superhydrophobic surface was prepared by spin‐coating trimethylsiloxane functionalized SiO2 (TMS‐SiO2) solutions onto a precoated polyurethane (PU) layer. The superhydrophobic coatings showed high stability with time, and the prepared coatings remained superhydrophobicity even after 6 months. Furthermore, the as‐prepared surface showed high transparency with a transmittance above 70% in visible light region (400–800 nm). The transition of the composite surface from superhydrophobicity to hydrophilicity can be achieved by increasing the drying temperature. More interestingly, the surface showed excellent fluorescent property by the incorporation of fluorescent Europium (Eu) complex into the surface and without deteriorating the superhydrophobic and transparent properties. It was believed that the superhydrophobic surface with multifunction would broaden the applications of superhydrophobic materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The BASH HOUSE: Within the Bluestone Walls of a Maximum Security Prison
Authors: Nathan Pamela
Published: February 2013

This paper is about my supervision of the two probationary psychologists who were employed in a maximum‐security prison to run a high‐intensity violence intervention program for maximum‐security inmates. The psychoanalytic frame became the initial trigger, a scapegoat, for my dismissal as their forensic psychology supervisor. An informal ministerial enquiry followed. I was re‐instated. The context of this breakout/breakdown was the ruptured container of a maximum‐security prison which violently torpedoed into the therapeutic container and reflective edge of the consulting room. The prison's walls hide the dark secrets of crimes. The haunting screams of those murdered are silenced but they ricochet down the corridors of the cell‐blocks. The inmates held captive cry “Mummy, help me, please help me!”, but their cries have been killed off long ago, neither heard nor answered.

This paper is a tribute to the psychoanalytic frame. It is also an indictment of aspects of the prison system for psychologists and inmates in Australia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting conservative time synchronization protocols in parallel and distributed simulation
Authors: De Munck S. , Vanmechelen K. , Broeckhove J.
Published: February 2013

Computer simulations have become an indispensable tool for the empirical study of large‐scale systems. The timely simulation of these systems, however, is not without its challenges. Simulators have to be able to harness the full computational power of modern multicore architectures through parallel execution and overcome the memory limitations of a single computer. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a parallel and distributed simulator using several conventional time synchronization protocols executed on modern multicore hardware. In addition, we comprehensively analyze a hybrid approach, combining two traditional protocols, increasing robustness, and enabling improved performance in a wider range of simulation scenarios. Finally, an adaptive algorithm to automatically configure this hybrid protocol is introduced and evaluated, eliminating manual user intervention and further improving robustness with respect to varying simulation conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erläuterungen zur Haftscherfestigkeit
Authors: Brameshuber Wolfgang , Saenger Dorothea
Published: February 2013

Abweichend von den bisherigen Regelungen in DIN 1053‐1 bzw. DIN 1053‐100 wird die Haftscherfestigkeit in DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA unabhängig von der Stoßfugenvermörtelung als reine Baustoffkenngröße definiert. Die Unterscheidung zwischen Mauerwerk mit vermörtelten und unvermörtelten Stoßfugen erfolgt zukünftig in den Berechnungsgleichungen für die Biegezugfestigkeit bzw. Schubfestigkeit von Mauerwerk. Im Beitrag wird die historische Entwicklung der Haftscherfestigkeitswerte in den unterschiedlichen Normen verdeutlicht.

Commentary about the Adhesive Shear Strength. The adhesive shear strength is defined in DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA as a characteristic construction material value, independently of the mortared butt joints, deviating from the preliminarily defined regulations DIN 1053‐1 or DIN 1053‐100. The differentiation between masonry with mortared and unmortared butt joints will be considered in the future in the calculations for the bending tensile strength or respectively for the shear strength of masonry. The different development stages of the shear strength values defined in the different standards will be shown within the following article in a historical way.
Estimation of PSF using logarithmic amplitude spectrum and restoration of blurred image
Authors: Nagashima Yuka , Omatu Shigeru , Yoshioka Michifumi
Published: February 2013

In this research, it is assumed that the degraded images, which are represented as a convolution of the original images with PSFs (point spread functions), are defocused images by the lens system or the limit of resolution. It has been proposed to estimate both the PSF and the original image by a Bayesian‐based iterative method. In the Bayesian‐based iterative method of image restoration, we need to set suitably an initial value of the PSF and the original image. The initial value of the original image is a blurred image, since there is only a slight difference between blurred and original images. On the other hand, since there is insufficient information on the PSFs, it is too difficult to set the initial values of the PSFs. If blurred images are represented as convolutions of the original images with the PSFs, the band limit of the blurred image will approach the band limit of the PSF. Therefore, we determine the initial value of the PSF by estimating the band limit of the PSF from the logarithmic amplitude spectrum of the blurred image. Finally, we confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method by simulations and experiments with out‐of‐focus pictures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(3): 31–37, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11447
Web clustering using social bookmark data regarding user network
Authors: Yakushigawa Hiroshi , Yanagimoto Hidekazu , Yoshioka Michifumi
Published: February 2013

Social bookmark services are Web services which enable users to share their personal bookmark data with other users. In our research, we propose a web clustering method in a social bookmark service using bookmark data modified with user network data. We define bookmark data as pairs consisting of a user and a web page with bookmarks, and user network data as links between users and their favorite users. In more detail, we use probabilistic latent semantic indexing (PLSI), which makes it possible to project social bookmark data on a latent semantic space and classify them by their semantic attributes. Using PLSI, we can classify web pages according to their topics, and for a user network, we can append all bookmark data of users who are reachable by a given user to that user's bookmark data. To confirm the effectiveness of our proposed clustering method, we evaluated a clustering examination using real social bookmark data. The results confirmed that our proposed method is capable of producing comparable results in the classification of web pages by topic. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(3): 24–30, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11450
A hypothesis verification method using a regression tree for semiconductor yield analysis
Authors: Tsuda Hidetaka , Shirai Hidehiro , Terabe Masahiro , Hashimoto Kazuo , Shinohara Ayumi
Published: February 2013

Several researchers have reported on regression tree analysis for semiconductor yield. However, the scope of these analyses is restricted by the difficulty involved in applying regression tree analysis to a small number of samples with many attributes. It is often observed that splitting attributes in the root node do not indicate the hypothesized causes of a failure. We propose a method for verifying the hypothesized causes of a failure, which reduces the number of verification hypotheses. This method involves selecting sets of analysis data with the same cause of failure, extracting the hypothesis by applying regression tree analysis separately to each set of analysis data, and merging and sorting the attributes according to the t value. The results of an experiment conducted in a real environment show that the proposed method helps in widening the scope of applicability of regression tree analysis for semiconductor yield. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(3): 26–36, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22334
Anthropogenic impact on Agulhas leakage
Authors: Biastoch Arne , Böning Claus W.
Published: February 2013

Recent work suggests that changes of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) winds led to an increase in Agulhas leakage and a corresponding salinification of the Atlantic. Climate model projections for the 21st century predict a progressive southward migration and intensification of the SH westerlies. The potential effects on the ocean circulation of such an anthropogenic trend in wind stress are studied here with a high‐resolution ocean model forced by a step‐function change in SH wind stress that involves a 7% increase in westerlies strength and a 2° shift in the zero wind stress curl. The model simulation suggests a rapid dynamic adjustment of Agulhas leakage by 4.5 Sv, about a third of its original value, after a few years. The change in leakage is reflected in a concomitant change in the transport of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre, but leads only to a small increase in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of O(1 Sv) after three decades. A main effect of the increasing inflow of Indian Ocean waters with potential long‐term ramifications for the AMOC is the salinification and densification of upper‐thermocline waters in the South Atlantic, which extends into the North Atlantic within the first three decades.
Estimating changes in ocean ventilation from early 1990s CFC‐12 and late 2000s SF6 measurements
Authors: Tanhua Toste , Waugh Darryn W. , Bullister John L.
Published: February 2013

Transient tracer measurements can constrain the rates and pathways of ocean ventilation and act as proxies for biogeochemically relevant gases such as CO2 and oxygen. Various techniques have deduced changes in ocean ventilation over decadal timescales using transient tracer measurements made on repeat sections, but these require a priori assumptions about mixing in the ocean interior. Here, we introduce a simple, direct observational method that takes advantage of the similar atmospheric increase rates of chlorofluorocarbon‐12 and sulfur hexafluoride, but with a time lag (offset) of 14–15 years. Such repeat measurements can be directly compared without prior assumptions about mixing. A difference larger than ~2 years between modern sulfur hexafluoride and historical chlorofluorocarbon‐12 tracer ages implies a change in ventilation, although lack of difference does not necessarily imply no change. Several tracer data sets are presented, which suggest changes in ventilation in the South Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans.
Evaluation of the Southern Ocean O2/Ar‐based NCP estimates in a model framework
Authors: Jonsson Bror F. , Doney Scott C. , Dunne John , Bender Michael
Published: February 2013

The sea‐air biological O2 flux assessed from measurements of surface O2 supersaturation in excess of Ar supersaturation (“O2 bioflux”) is increasingly being used to constrain net community production (NCP) in the upper ocean mixed layer. In making these calculations, one generally assumes that NCP is at steady state, mixed layer depth is constant, and there is no O2 exchange across the base of the mixed layer. The object of this paper is to evaluate the magnitude of errors introduced by violations of these assumptions. Therefore, we examine the differences between the sea‐air biological O2 flux and NCP in the Southern Ocean mixed layer as calculated using two ocean biogeochemistry general circulation models. In this approach, NCP is considered a known entity in the prognostic model, whereas O2 bioflux is estimated using the model‐predicted O2/Ar ratio to compute the mixed layer biological O2 saturation and the gas transfer velocity to calculate flux. We find that the simulated biological O2 flux gives an accurate picture of the regional‐scale patterns and trends in model NCP. However, on local scales, violations of the assumptions behind the O2/Ar method lead to significant, non‐uniform differences between model NCP and biological O2 flux. These errors arise from two main sources. First, venting of biological O2 to the atmosphere can be misaligned from NCP in both time and space. Second, vertical fluxes of oxygen across the base of the mixed layer complicate the relationship between NCP and the biological O2 flux. Our calculations show that low values of O2 bioflux correctly register that NCP is also low (<10 mmol m−2 day−1), but fractional errors are large when rates are this low. Values between 10 and 40 mmol m−2 day−1 in areas with intermediate mixed layer depths of 30 to 50 m have the smallest absolute and relative errors. Areas with O2 bioflux higher than 30 mmol m−2 day−1 and mixed layers deeper than 40 m tend to underestimate NCP by up to 20 mmol m−2 day−1. Excluding time periods when mixed layer biological O2 is undersaturated, O2 bioflux underestimates time‐averaged NCP by 5%–15%. If these time periods are included, O2 bioflux underestimates mixed layer NCP by 20%–35% in the Southern Ocean. The higher error estimate is relevant if one wants to estimate seasonal NCP since a significant amount of biological production takes place when mixed layer biological O2 is undersaturated.
Knee extensor and flexor dominant gait patterns increase the knee frontal plane moment during walking
Authors: Kulmala Juha‐Pekka , Äyrämö Sami , Avela Janne
Published: February 2013

High gait‐induced knee frontal plane moment is linked with the development of knee osteoarthritis. Gait patterns across the normal population exhibit large inter‐individual variabilities especially at the knee sagittal plane moment profile during loading response and terminal stance phase. However, the effects of different gait patterns on this moment remain unknown. Therefore, we examined whether different gait patterns are associated with atypically high knee frontal plane moments. Profiles of knee joint moments divided a sample of 24 subjects into three subgroups (11, 7, 6) through cluster analysis. Kinetics, kinematics, and spatio‐temporal parameters were compared among clusters. Subjects who showed a typical sagittal plane moment pattern (n = 11) had 43% lower first peak of knee frontal plane moment compared to the cluster, which showed the dominance of the knee extensor moment during stance phase (n = 7, p < 0.01). In addition, a typical gait pattern cluster had 44% lower second peak knee frontal plane moment than the cluster, which showed the dominance of the knee flexor moment during the terminal stance phase (n = 6, p < 0.05). These findings indicate that different knee strategies driving gait considerably impact knee loading, suggesting that knee extensor and flexor dominant gait patterns demonstrate atypically high knee frontal plane moments. People in these subgroups may, therefore, be at higher risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1013–1019, 2013
White matter abnormalities in Parkinson's disease patients with glucocerebrosidase gene mutations
Authors: Agosta Federica , Kostic Vladimir S. , Davidovic Kristina , Kresojević Nikola , Sarro Lidia , Svetel Marina , Stanković Iva , Comi Giancarlo , Klein Christine , Filippi Massimo
Published: February 2013

Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations represent a genetic risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease. This study investigated brain alterations in Parkinson's disease patients carrying heterozygous glucocerebrosidase gene mutations using structural and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Among 360 Parkinson's disease patients screened for glucocerebrosidase gene mutations, 19 heterozygous mutation carriers (5.3%) were identified. Of these, 15 patients underwent a neuropsychological evaluation and a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Sixteen age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls and 14 idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients without glucocerebrosidase gene mutations were also studied. Tract‐based spatial statistics was used to perform a white matter voxel‐wise analysis of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging metrics. Mean fractional anisotropy values were obtained from white matter tracts of interest. Voxel‐based morphometry was used to assess gray‐matter atrophy. Cognitive deficits were found in 9 mutation carrier patients (60%). Compared with controls, Parkinson's disease patients carrying glucocerebrosidase gene mutations showed decreased fractional anisotropy in the olfactory tracts, corpus callosum, and anterior limb of the internal capsule bilaterally, as well as in the right anterior external capsule, and left cingulum, parahippocampal tract, parietal portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and occipital white matter. Mutation carrier patients also had decreased fractional anisotropy of the majority of white matter tracts compared with Parkinson's disease patients with no mutations. No white matter abnormalities were found in Parkinson's disease patients without glucocerebrosidase gene mutations. No gray matter difference was found between patients and controls. In Parkinson's disease patients, verbal fluency scores correlated with white matter abnormalities. Parkinson's disease patients carrying glucocerebrosidase gene mutations experience a distributed pattern of white matter abnormalities involving the interhemispheric, frontal corticocortical, and parahippocampal tracts. White matter pathology in these patients may have an impact on the clinical manifestations of the disease, including cognitive impairment. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
On a nonlocal elliptic problem arising in the confinement of a plasma in a current carrying stellarator
Authors: Zou Weilin , Li Fengquan , Lv Boqiang
Published: February 2013

This paper deals with a nonlocal free boundary problem arising in the study of the dynamics of the confinement of a plasma in a Stellarator device. The free boundary represents the separation between the plasma and vacuum regions, and the nonlocal term involves the notions of relative rearrangement and monotone rearrangement. We establish some new properties on the decreasing rearrangement that can be used to prove the convergence of the approximate problem, and then prove the existence of solutions by Galerkin method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical study of the asymptotics of the second Painlevé equation by a functional fitting method
Authors: Erdoğan Utku , Koçak Huseyin
Published: February 2013

The Painlevé equations arise as reductions of the soliton equations such as the Korteweg–de Vries equation, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and so on. In this study, we are concerned with numerical approximation of the asymptotics of solutions of the second Painlevé equation on pole‐free intervals along the real axis. Classical integrators such as high order Runge–Kutta schemes might be expensive to simulate oscillation, decay and blow‐up behaviours depending on initial conditions. However, a lower order functional fitting method catches all kinds of solutions even for relatively large step sizes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐step database search method improves sensitivity in peptide sequence matches for metaproteomics and proteogenomics studies
Authors: Jagtap Pratik , Goslinga Jill , Kooren Joel A. , McGowan Thomas , Wroblewski Matthew S. , Seymour Sean L. , Griffin Timothy J.
Published: February 2013

Large databases (>106 sequences) used in metaproteomic and proteogenomic studies present challenges in matching peptide sequences to MS/MS data using database‐search programs. Most notably, strict filtering to avoid false‐positive matches leads to more false negatives, thus constraining the number of peptide matches. To address this challenge, we developed a two‐step method wherein matches derived from a primary search against a large database were used to create a smaller subset database. The second search was performed against a target‐decoy version of this subset database merged with a host database. High confidence peptide sequence matches were then used to infer protein identities. Applying our two‐step method for both metaproteomic and proteogenomic analysis resulted in twice the number of high confidence peptide sequence matches in each case, as compared to the conventional one‐step method. The two‐step method captured almost all of the same peptides matched by the one‐step method, with a majority of the additional matches being false negatives from the one‐step method. Furthermore, the two‐step method improved results regardless of the database search program used. Our results show that our two‐step method maximizes the peptide matching sensitivity for applications requiring large databases, especially valuable for proteogenomics and metaproteomics studies.
Synthesis and characterization of phenanthrocarbazole–diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer for high‐performance field‐effect transistors
Authors: Chen Huajie , Guo Yunlong , Sun Xiangnan , Gao Dong , Liu Yunqi , Yu Gui
Published: February 2013

In this study, we successfully designed and synthesized a novel phenanthro[1,10,9,8‐c,d,e,f,g]carbazole (PCZ)‐based copolymer poly[N‐(2‐octyldodecyl)‐4,8‐phenanthro[1,10,9,8‐c,d,e,f,g]carbazole‐alt‐2,5‐dihexadecyl‐3,6‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione] (PPDPP) with an extended π‐conjugation along the vertical orientation of polymer main chain. This polymer exhibited excellent solubility in common solvent and high thermal stability, owning good properties for solution‐processed field‐effect transistors (FETs). Besides, absorption spectra demonstrated that annealing PPDPP thin films led to obviously red‐shifted maxima, indicating the formations of aggregation or orderly π–π stacking in their solid‐state films. X‐ray diffraction measurements indicated the crystallinity of PPDPP thin films was enhanced after high temperature annealing, which was favorable for charge transport. The solution‐processed PPDPP‐based FET devices were fabricated with a bottom‐gate/bottom‐contact geometry. A high hole mobility of up to 0.30 cm2/Vs and a current on/off ratio above 105 had been demonstrated. These results indicated that the copolymers constructed by this kind of ladder‐type cores could be promising organic semiconductors for high‐performance FET applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Peer cluster: a maximum flow‐based trust mechanism in P2P file sharing networks
Authors: Fan Xinxin , Li Mingchu , Zhao Hui , Chen Xiaodong , Guo Zhenzhou , Jiao Dong , Sun Weifeng
Published: February 2013

Trust mechanism has become a research focus in recent years as a novel and valid way to ensure the transaction security in peer‐to‐peer file sharing networks. Nevertheless, some fundamental challenges still exist, for example: How can malicious peers be effectively isolated? How can various threats of manipulation by strategic peers be resisted? What strategy should be used to ensure that the service providers are authentic peers? Considering these challenges in our minds, in this paper, we propose a new trust mechanism based on the maximum flow theory. We firstly add a few prestigious peers into a cluster as the original members according to their transaction behaviors in a period; then, we perform maximum flow algorithm and identify those peers that still link from (to) the peers in the cluster as new members, which is carried out repeatedly, and almost every normal peer would finally become the member of the cluster. Each request peer has the priority to select downloading sources from this cluster according to our trust mechanism. In this way, the malicious peers are isolated, and their transaction behaviors are also confined largely even though they have high reputation. Extensive experimental results confirm the efficiency of our trust mechanism against the threats of exaggeration, cheat, collusion, and disguise. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.