bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucosamine Use and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Results from UK Biobank
Authors: Kantor Elizabeth D. , O'Connell Kelli , Liang Peter S. , Navarro Sandi L. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Du Mengmeng
Published: January 2022

Background:

Use of the dietary supplement glucosamine has been associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer; however, it remains unclear if the association varies by screening status, time, and other factors.

Methods:

We therefore evaluated these questions in UK Biobank. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results:

No association was observed between use of glucosamine and risk of colorectal cancer overall (HR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.85–1.04). However, the association varied by screening status (Pinteraction = 0.05), with an inverse association observed only among never-screened individuals (HR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.98). When stratified by study time, an inverse association was observed in early follow-up among those entering the cohort in early years (2006–2008; HR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67–0.95). No heterogeneity was observed by age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, or use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Conclusions:

While there was no association between glucosamine use and colorectal cancer overall, the inverse association among never-screened individuals mirrors our observations in prior exploratory analyses of U.S. cohorts. The National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Program started in 2006 in England and was more widely implemented across the UK by 2009/2010. In line with this, we observed an inverse association limited to early follow-up in those surveyed from 2006 to 2008, before screening was widely implemented.

Impact:

These data suggest that unscreened individuals may benefit from use of glucosamine; however, further studies are needed to confirm the interplay of screening and timing.
Metabolic Alterations and WNT Signaling Impact Immune Response in HGSOC
Authors: Arend Rebecca C. , Scalise Carly B. , Gordon Emily R. , Davis Allison M. , Foxall McKenzie E. , Johnston Bobbi E. , Crossman David K. , Cooper Sara J.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Our study used transcriptomic and metabolomic strategies to determine the molecular profiles of HGSOC patient samples derived from primary tumor and ascites cells. These data identified clinically relevant heterogeneity among and within patients and highlighted global and patient-specific cellular responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

Experimental Design:

Tissue from 61 treatment-naïve patients with HGSOC were collected. In addition, 11 benign, 32 ascites, and 18 post-NACT samples (matched to the individual patient's pre-NACT sample) were collected. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on all samples collected. Two-dimensional spatial proteomic data was collected for two pairs of pre- and post-NACT. Untargeted metabolomics data using GCxGC-MS was generated for 30 treatment-naive tissues. Consensus clustering, analysis of differential expression, pathway enrichment, and survival analyses were performed.

Results:

Treatment-naïve HGSOC tissues had distinct transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles. The mesenchymal subtype harbored a metabolomic profile distinct from the other subtypes. Compared with primary tumor tissue, ascites showed significant changes in immune response and signaling pathways. NACT caused significant alterations in gene expression and WNT activity, and this corresponded to altered immune response. Overall, WNT signaling levels were inversely correlated with immune cell infiltration in HGSOC tissues and WNT signaling post-NACT was inversely correlated with progression-free survival.

Conclusions:

Our study concluded that HGSOC is a heterogenous disease at baseline and growing molecular differences can be observed between primary tumor and ascites cells or within tumors in response to treatment. Our data reveal potential exploratory biomarkers relevant for treatment selection and predicting patient outcomes that warrant further research.
Phase II Study of ONC201 in Neuroendocrine Tumors including Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma and Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Authors: Anderson Peter M. , Trucco Matteo M. , Tarapore Rohinton S. , Zahler Stacey , Thomas Stefanie , Gortz Janette , Mian Omar , Stoignew Martin , Prabhu Varun , Morrow Sara , Allen Joshua E.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Tumor dopamine-like DRD2 receptor expression is higher in pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma (PC-PG) compared with other cancers. ONC201 is a bitopic DRD2 antagonist with preclinical ONC201 activity in desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT).

Patients and Methods:

Patients (N = 30) with neuroendocrine tumors were treated on this investigator-initiated trial (NCT03034200). ONC201 dose and schedule were 625 mg orally weekly in cohorts A (PC-PG) + B (other neuroendocrine tumors) and 625 mg orally on 2 consecutive days each week in cohort C, which included 5 responding patients. The primary endpoint was radiographic response measured using RECIST. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety.

Results:

In arm A (n = 10; all PC-PG), 50% (5/10) exhibited a partial response (PR) and 2 additional patients had stable disease (SD) >3 months. Median duration of therapy for arm A patients was 9 months (range: 1.5–33 months) with 5 patients treated >1 year. In arm B (n = 12), there were 1 PR (DSRCT) and 2 SD (DSRCT; neuroblastoma) >3 months. Median duration of therapy in arm A was 18 months (range: 1–33 months) and arm B was 3 months (range: 1.5–33 months). Arm C PC-PG (N = 8) showed 1 PR and 7 SD at 3 months, with median duration of therapy >10 months. There was no decline in Karnofsky performance status at week 12 for 28 of 30 patients and no dose modification due to treatment-related adverse events.

Conclusions:

Oral ONC201 was well tolerated in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and associated with clinical benefit, including tumor responses, particularly in some patients with DSRCT and the majority of patients with PC-PG.

See related commentary by Owen and Trikalinos, p. 1748
Integrated Proteomics-Based Physical and Functional Mapping of AXL Kinase Signaling Pathways and Inhibitors Define Its Role in Cell Migration
Authors: Majumder Anurima , Hosseinian Sina , Stroud Mia , Adhikari Emma , Saller James J. , Smith Matthew A. , Zhang Guolin , Agarwal Shruti , Creixell Marc , Meyer Benjamin S. , Kinose Fumi , Bowers Kiah , Fang Bin , Stewart Paul A. , Welsh Eric A. , Boyle Theresa A. , Meyer Aaron S. , Koomen John M. , Haura Eric B.
Published: January 2022

To better understand the signaling complexity of AXL, a member of the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase family, we created a physical and functional map of AXL signaling interactions, phosphorylation events, and target-engagement of three AXL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We assessed AXL protein complexes using proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID), effects of AXL TKI on global phosphoproteins using mass spectrometry, and target engagement of AXL TKI using activity-based protein profiling. BioID identifies AXL-interacting proteins that are mostly involved in cell adhesion/migration. Global phosphoproteomics show that AXL inhibition decreases phosphorylation of peptides involved in phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling and cell adhesion/migration. Comparison of three AXL inhibitors reveals that TKI RXDX-106 inhibits pAXL, pAKT, and migration/invasion of these cells without reducing their viability, while bemcentinib exerts AXL-independent phenotypic effects on viability. Proteomic characterization of these TKIs demonstrates that they inhibit diverse targets in addition to AXL, with bemcentinib having the most off-targets. AXL and EGFR TKI cotreatment did not reverse resistance in cell line models of erlotinib resistance. However, a unique vulnerability was identified in one resistant clone, wherein combination of bemcentinib and erlotinib inhibited cell viability and signaling. We also show that AXL is overexpressed in approximately 30% to 40% of nonsmall but rarely in small cell lung cancer. Cell lines have a wide range of AXL expression, with basal activation detected rarely.

Implications:

Our study defines mechanisms of action of AXL in lung cancers which can be used to establish assays to measure drug targetable active AXL complexes in patient tissues and inform the strategy for targeting it's signaling as an anticancer therapy.
A Natural Polyphenol Exerts Antitumor Activity and Circumvents Anti–PD-1 Resistance through Effects on the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Messaoudene Meriem , Pidgeon Reilly , Richard Corentin , Ponce Mayra , Diop Khoudia , Benlaifaoui Myriam , Nolin-Lapalme Alexis , Cauchois Florent , Malo Julie , Belkaid Wiam , Isnard Stephane , Fradet Yves , Dridi Lharbi , Velin Dominique , Oster Paul , Raoult Didier , Ghiringhelli François , Boidot Romain , Chevrier Sandy , Kysela David T. , Brun Yves V. , Falcone Emilia Liana , Pilon Geneviève , Oñate Florian Plaza , Gitton-Quent Oscar , Le Chatelier Emmanuelle , Durand Sylvere , Kroemer Guido , Elkrief Arielle , Marette André , Castagner Bastien , Routy Bertrand
Published: January 2022

Several approaches to manipulate the gut microbiome for improving the activity of cancer immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are currently under evaluation. Here, we show that oral supplementation with the polyphenol-rich berry camu-camu (CC; Myrciaria dubia) in mice shifted gut microbial composition, which translated into antitumor activity and a stronger anti–PD-1 response. We identified castalagin, an ellagitannin, as the active compound in CC. Oral administration of castalagin enriched for bacteria associated with efficient immunotherapeutic responses (Ruminococcaceae and Alistipes) and improved the CD8+/FOXP3+CD4+ ratio within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, castalagin induced metabolic changes, resulting in an increase in taurine-conjugated bile acids. Oral supplementation of castalagin following fecal microbiota transplantation from ICI-refractory patients into mice supported anti–PD-1 activity. Finally, we found that castalagin binds to Ruminococcus bromii and promoted an anticancer response. Altogether, our results identify castalagin as a polyphenol that acts as a prebiotic to circumvent anti–PD-1 resistance.

Significance:

The polyphenol castalagin isolated from a berry has an antitumor effect through direct interactions with commensal bacteria, thus reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. In addition, in preclinical ICI-resistant models, castalagin reestablishes the efficacy of anti–PD-1. Together, these results provide a strong biological rationale to test castalagin as part of a clinical trial.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873
Efficacy of Probiotic, Chlorhexidine, and Sodium Fluoride Mouthrinses on Mutans Streptococci in 8- to 12-Year-Old Children: A Crossover Randomized Trial
Authors: Gedam Krutika Y. , Katre Amar N.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The oral cavity is home to a diverse and distinct microbiome. While the role of oral bacteria in cariogenic and other dental diseases is irrefutable, their beneficial effects in the form of probiotics (PB) has been less studied, especially pertaining to oral diseases in children. This study compares the efficacy of a PB mouthrinse with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouthrinse on the colony counts of mutans streptococci (MS) in children. Methods: A triple-blind crossover randomized trial between interventional groups was planned. Fifty-one children between 8 to 12 years of age were divided into three groups (I, II, and III) and were exposed to all three mouthrinses (A, B, and C) by randomized allocation for a period of two weeks with an inter-phase washout period of four weeks. Pre- and post-interventional MS counts (CFU/mL) were assessed, and the mean change was analysed using the t test (intragroup) and ANOVA (intergroup and crossover). Results: The mean changes in the colony counts obtained with the use of PB, CHX, and NaF mouthrinses were −1.0223 (−1.2201 to −0.8246), −0.9564 (−1.1503 to −0.7626), and −0.9511 (−1.1554 to −0.7467), respectively, which were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). However, the intergroup comparison for the mean change in colony counts revealed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that the PB mouthrinse was equally efficacious as compared to CHX and NaF mouthrinses against MS in 8- to 12-year-old children. However, further studies are recommended to strengthen the evidence.
Novel Renal Autologous Cell Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Diabetic Kidney Disease: Clinical Trial Design
Authors: Stavas Joseph , Gerber David , Coca Steven G. , Silva Arnold L. , Johns Ashley , Jain Deepak , Bertram Tim , Díaz-González de Ferris Maria , Bakris George
Published: January 2022

Background: Cell therapies explore unmet clinical needs of patients with chronic kidney disease with the potential to alter the pathway toward end-stage kidney disease. We describe the design and baseline patient characteristics of a phase II multicenter clinical trial utilizing the novel renal autologous cell therapy (REACT), by direct kidney parenchymal injection via the percutaneous approach in adults with type 2 diabetic kidney disease (T2DKD), to delay or potentially avoid renal replacement therapy. Design: The study conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized control, open-label, phase II clinical trial between an active treatment group (ATG) receiving REACT from the beginning of the trial and a contemporaneous deferred treatment group (DTG) receiving standard of care for 12 months before crossing over to receive REACT. Objectives: The objective of this study was to establish the safety and efficacy of 2 REACT injections with computed tomography guidance, into the renal cortex of patients with T2DKD administered 6 months apart, and to compare the longitudinal change in renal function between the ATG and the DTG. Setting: This was a multicenter study conducted in major US hospitals. Patients: We enrolled eighty-three adult patients with T2DKD, who have estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) between 20 and 50 mL/min/1.73 m2. Methods: All patients undergo an image-guided percutaneous kidney biopsy to obtain epithelial phenotype selective renal cells isolated from the kidney tissue that is then expanded ex vivo over 4–6 weeks, resulting in the REACT biologic product. Patients are randomized 1:1 into the ATG or the DTG. Primary efficacy endpoints for both study groups include eGFR measurements at baseline and at 3-month intervals, through 24 months after the last REACT injection. Safety analyses include biopsy-related complications, REACT injection, and cellular-related adverse events. The study utilizes Good Clinical and Manufacturing Practices and a Data and Safety Monitoring Board. The sample size confers a statistical power of 80% to detect an eGFR change in the ATG compared to the DTG at 24 months with an α = 0.05. Limitations: Blinding cannot occur due to the intent to treat procedure, biopsy in both groups, and open trial design. Conclusion: This multicenter phase II randomized clinical trial is designed to determine the efficacy and safety of REACT in improving or stabilizing renal function among patients with T2DKD stages 3a–4.
Effectiveness of Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Predictors of Outcome in Adult Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Kathmann Norbert , Jacobi Tanja , Elsner Björn , Reuter Benedikt
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has proven its efficacy in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objective: To test generalizability to routine care settings, we conducted an effectiveness study to provide naturalistic outcome data and their predictors. Methods: Pre-post changes in symptoms and impairment as well as response rates were determined in a naturalistic OCD sample (intention-to-treat, ITT, n = 393). Patients received individual CBT for OCD adopting an exposure-based, non-manualized treatment format. Linear and logistic regression analyses were applied to identify associations of sociodemographic and clinical variables with symptom change. Results: Effect size in ITT patients amounted to d = 1.47 in primary outcome (Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Y-BOCS). Remission rates were 46.3% (ITT), 52.0% (completers), and 18.2% (non-completers). The rates of treatment response without remission, no change, and deterioration in the ITT sample were 13.2, 38, and 3%, respectively. Initial symptom severity, comorbid personality disorder, and unemployment were associated with a poorer outcome, and previous medication with a better outcome. Comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders as well as other clinical or sociodemographic variables showed no effects on symptom change. Conclusions: Outcomes in this large observational trial in a naturalistic setting correspond to available RCT findings suggesting that CBT for OCD should be strongly recommended for dissemination in routine care. Targets for further research include early prediction of non-response and development of alternative treatment strategies for patients who respond insufficiently.
Direct Determination rather than Oscillometric Estimation of Systolic Blood Pressure in Patients with Severe Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Benmira Amir M. , Moranne Olivier , Prelipcean Camelia , Pambrun Emilie , Dauzat Michel , Demattei Christophe , Pérez-Martin Antonia
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Although arterial hypertension is a major concern in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), obtaining accurate systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement is challenging in this population for whom automatic oscillometric devices may yield erroneous results. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 89 patients with stages 4, 5, and 5D CKD, for whom we compared SBP values obtained by the recently described systolic foot-to-apex time interval (SFATI) technique which provides direct SBP determination, the standard technique (Korotkoff sounds), and oscillometry. We investigated the effects of age, sex, diabetes, CKD stage, and pulse pressure to explain measurement errors defined as biases or misclassification relative to the SBP thresholds of 110–130-mm Hg. Results: All 3 techniques showed satisfactory reproducibility for SBP measurement (CCC > 0.84 and >0.91, respectively, in dialyzed and nondialyzed patients). The mean ± SD from SBP as determined via Korotkoff sounds was 1.7 ± 4.6 mm Hg for SFATI (CCC = 0.98) and 5.9 ± 9.3 mm Hg for oscillometry (CCC = 0.88). Referring to the 110–130-mm Hg SBP range outside which treatment prescription or adaptation is recommended for CKD patients, SFATI underestimated SBP in 3 patients and overestimated it in 1, whereas oscillometry underestimated SBP in 12 patients and overestimated it in 3. Higher pulse pressure was the main explanatory factor for measurement and classification errors. Discussion/Conclusion: SFATI provides accurate SBP measurements in patients with severe CKD and paves the way for the standardization of automated noninvasive blood pressure measurement devices. Before prescribing or adjusting antihypertensive therapy, physicians should be aware of the risk of misclassification when using oscillometry.
Hippocampal Subfield Volumes and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
Authors: Yasuda Kasumi , Yamada Shinichi , Uenishi Shinya , Ikeda Natsuko , Tamaki Atsushi , Ohoshi Yuji , Tsuji Tomikimi , Takahashi Shun
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The hippocampus is relevant to cognitive function in schizophrenia (SCZ) and mood disorder patients. Although not anatomically uniform, it is clearly divided into subfields. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between hippocampal subfield volume and cognitive function in patients with SCZ, bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The study included 21 patients with SCZ, 22 with BP, and 21 with MDD and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Neurocognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. We obtained hippocampal subfield volumes using FreeSurfer 6.0. We compared the volumes of the hippocampal subfield between the 4 groups and ascertained correlation between the cognitive composite score and hippocampal subfield volume in each group. Results: The SCZ group had significantly lower cognitive composite score than the BP, MDD, and HC groups. In the SCZ group, the left and right hippocampus-amygdala transition area and right subiculum and right presubiculum volumes were significantly reduced compared to those in the HC group. The left presubiculum volumes in the SCZ group were significantly reduced compared to those in the MDD group. Subfield volumes did not significantly differ between the BP, MDD, and HC groups. Interestingly, in the SCZ group, volumes of the right CA1, right molecular layer of the hippocampus, and right granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus were significantly correlated with the cognitive composite score. Conclusion: Patients with SCZ had poorer cognitive function, which is related to their hippocampal pathology, than those with mood disorders.
A Unique Case Report of Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma (Gliosarcoma Subtype) with TPR-NTRK1 Fusion Treated with Larotrectinib
Authors: Mançano Bruna Minniti , dos Reis Mariana Bisarro , Moreno Daniel Antunes , de Paula Flávia Escremim , de Almeida Junior Carlos Roberto , Cavalcante Carlos Eduardo Bezerra , Zanon Maicon Fernando , Santana Iara Viana Vidigal , Matsushita Marcus de Medeiros , Reis Rui Manuel
Published: January 2022

Herein, we present a rare case of a nine-month-old boy diagnosed with infant-type hemispheric glioma (gliosarcoma subtype) at the left frontal lobe. Following subtotal resection, the patient started chemotherapy with the BABY POG protocol. We describe the clinical diagnosis, histological characteristics, radiological features, molecular aspects, and management of this tumor. A comprehensive molecular analysis on the tumor tissue showed a TPR-NTRK1 gene fusion. The patient was treated with a TRK inhibitor, larotrectinib, and exhibited a stable disease with residual lesion following 8 months of target therapy. The present study is the first report of an infantile gliosarcoma harboring NTRK1 rearrangement treated with larotrectinib.
Bone Infarct-Associated Osteosarcoma: Epidemiologic and Survival Trends
Authors: Laranga Roberta , Focaccia Marco , Evangelista Andrea , Lucarelli Enrico , Donati Davide Maria , Spazzoli Benedetta
Published: January 2022

Background: Bone tumors are not a frequent occurrence and bone infarct-associated sarcomas are even rarer. The prognosis of patients experiencing this disease is poor and treatment for them remains a challenge. Nevertheless, hardly any analyses in literature report on secondary osteosarcoma (SO) on bone infarct and most of the data available do not provide sufficient details. We evaluated whether this condition could be further characterized and if prognosis could be influenced by the chemotherapy (ChT) treatment. We sought to determine: (1) the main features of this rare disease; (2) the overall survival (OS) rate; (3) the OS rate associated to ChT treatment; and (4) the correspondence between our results and published data in terms of survival. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients admitted at the Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute of Bologna between 1992 and 2018 (1,465 total cases of osteosarcoma). We identified a list of 11 cases of SO on bone infarct (cohort 1). We conferred about the epidemiology, surgical and ChT treatment, and surveillance of infarct-associated osteosarcoma showing the correlation to data present in literature, corresponding to 14 case reports published within 1962–2018 (cohort 2). Results: (1) Cohort 1 was made of 11 patients: six females and five males, median age was 55 years. Nine (81%) were grade 4 and two (19%) were grade 3. Tumor predominantly arose on distal femur (64%). Most of patients had localized osteosarcoma at the diagnosis (81%); resection surgery was the elective treatment (73%) followed by amputation (18%). Of 11 patients, seven received also ChT (64%). (2) Five-year OS was 62% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28–84). Median OS was 74 months (95% CI: 12-not reached). The cumulative incidence of cancer-related deaths (CICRD) was 37.7% (95% CI: 11.4–64.5) at 120 months. (3) In the group treated with only surgery, OS was 50% at 5 years. For patients treated with any form of ChT, OS was 71% at 5 years (p = 0.4773) and hazard ratio (HR) 0.56. The CICRD was 29% (at 2 years of follow-up. Instead, it was of 50% for patients treated only with surgery. (4) Median survival was 74 months and 12 months for cohort 1 and cohort 2, respectively (p = 0.0247). Data analysis showed a decreased HR for cohort 1 compared to cohort 2 (HR 0.315). Results confirmed also stratifying for age and ChT administration (HR 0.333). Conclusions: Based on this work, our opinion is that the treatment of SO patients with ChT combined to surgery improves patients’ survival.
Asynchronous-Synchronous Teaching Techniques to Reinforce Achievement in Grade 2 Mathematics
Authors: Travero Arnel S. , Rubin Nancy T.
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to explore teaching techniques that would reinforce academic achievement in Mathematics of Grade 2 pupils in Camp Evangelista Elementary School in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines for school year 2020-2021. Asynchronous and Synchronous teaching techniques were employed in the class. The instruments used in the study were the School Learning Modules (SLMs) crafted and provided by the Department of Education, the video lessons patterned from the SLMs, the First and Second Quarter grades that represent their achievements in Mathematics, and the Reflection papers submitted by the pupils every grading period for feedbacking. The study was quantitative in nature and data gathered were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and paired sample t-test. Findings revealed that there was a significant difference in the academic achievement of the pupils in Mathematics after exposure to Synchronous and Asynchronous learning as evident in the Second Grading grades. It was disclosed that the intervention employed to reinforce pupils’ achievement in Mathematics is effective in this new normal learning. The researchers recommend that teachers may use this teaching technique to reinforce achievement particularly in Mathematics.
Um olhar sobre a proteção social na América Latina frente à pandemia
Authors: Aranha Adriana , Bronzo Carla
Published: January 2022

O artigo parte da perspectiva de que a proteção social é um dispositivo central para o enfrentamento das desigualdades e riscos sociais, mas sua importância se amplia no contexto pós-pandemia do COVID-19, demandando uma mudança de paradigma e de novas representações e sentidos para o papel do Estado na proteção da população mais pobre e vulnerável. Partindo da descrição de tipologias de sistemas de proteção social, se analisam as respostas dadas pelos países latinoamericanos no campo da proteção não contributiva,  para o enfrentamento da crise sanitária e suas implicações sociais. A partir de fontes secundárias – documentos nacionais, relatórios de agências internacionais e artigos sobre o tema -  o artigo propõe um balanço das iniciativas regionais de modo geral, mas com foco em oito países com alta, média e baixas brechas de proteção: Brasil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguai, Peru, Equador, Bolívia e Paraguai. Em base às informações coletadas, o artigo problematiza alguns desafios contemporâneos, no contexto da proteção social da América Latina. A conquista da cidadania, estabelecida como um desiderato nas sociedades modernas, encontra barreiras estruturais para ser efetivada na região, a mais desigual do mundo.
Permitidos em Washington D.C.
Authors: Albuquerque Renata
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho analisa as relações políticas estabelecidas entre o Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia e diferentes segmentos do movimento indígena boliviano. O objeto de estudo é uma Audiência Pública realizada durante o 147º Período Ordinário de Sessões da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH), em Washington D.C. Na ocasião, algumas lideranças indígenas do Território Indígena e Parque Nacional Isiboro Sécure (TIPNIS) denunciavam o Estado boliviano de violar seus direitos enquanto outras, também indígenas, se sentavam à mesa do Estado Plurinacional, reafirmando que eram parte dele. O artigo organiza informações sobre a audiência e sobre a presença de lideranças do TIPNIS na CIDH. A análise apresentada no texto toma trabalhos etnográficos anteriores sobre o TIPNIS como referência e dialoga com a tese do “índio permitido”. Ao final, a pluripolítica é definida e apresentada como efeito colateral do Estado Plurinacional, explicando a incompatibilidade entre a sobrevivência de estratégias como a do “índio permitido” e a ampliação das capacidades de transformação do Estado boliviano.
A Figura do Flâneur no Entendimento da Prática Jornalística sob a luz de João do Rio, um caso brasileiro
Authors: Rocha Roseani Vieira
Published: January 2022

O objetivo desta monografia será estudar a figura do flâneur, surgida na Europa, no século XIX, tentando encontrar e avaliar suas influências em áreas como a literatura, a sociologia e, acima de tudo, o jornalismo. Para tanto, dedicarei atenção especial ao jornalista fluminense João do Rio, apresentado como um exemplo de flâneur brasileiro, tomando como base particularmente sua obra A Alma Encantadora das Ruas, publicada pela primeira vez como livro em 1908. Em seguida, verificarei o impacto da flânerie no jornalismo que se pratica a partir do fim do século XIX, passando pela crônica e o chamado jornalismo literário. Ao final, tentarei mostrar se nos dias de hoje a flânerie está presente ou não na prática jornalística
Parece Igual, mas é Diferente: a Repetição como Função Persuasiva na Linguagem Oral
Authors: Andrade Fabiane Penedo de
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo relata a análise desenvolvida sobre a repetição na interação conversacional. Se a repetição é tida como traço fundamental da língua falada, é porque modifica enunciados intensificando-os, e essa é uma estratégia persuasiva típica da modalidade falada
A Ergonomia como um Fator Determinante no Bom Andamento da Produção: um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Da Silva Jannerpaula Souza , Lacombe Juliana Arruda , Tavares Esthelina de Melo , Varela Amanda Marques , Léllis Jimmy de Almeida
Published: January 2022

Este artigo objetiva demonstrar como a ergonomia pode melhorar significativamente a eficiência, produtividade e a prática de tarefas com mais conforto, segurança e saúde nos postos de trabalho e na vida dos colaboradores das organizações. Através da pesquisa de campo quantitativa e qualitativa realizada em uma empresa de confecções femininas em João Pessoa, foi feito um estudo a respeito de como a ergonomia pode ser um fator determinante no bom andamento da produção. Verificou-se a sua importância para que os usos dos conhecimentos adquiridos das habilidades e capacidades humanas auxiliem na identificação dos principais problemas como temperatura, mobiliário, iluminação e suas possíveis soluções, trazendo por meio de métodos ergonômicos confiabilidade a seus processos e a redução do custo das condições inadequadas de trabalho
Ratio of Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation-to-Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure: Insights From the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking Program
Authors: Hillerson Dustin , Charnigo Richard , Moon Kim Sun , Iyengar Amrita , Lane Matthew , Misumida Naoki , Kolodziej Andrew R. , Ogunbayo Gbolahan O. , Abdel-Latif Ahmed , Gurley John C. , Booth David C.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Hemodynamic values from right heart catheterization aid diagnosis and clinical decision-making but may not predict outcomes. Mixed venous oxygen saturation percentage and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure relate to cardiac output and congestion, respectively. We theorized that a novel, simple ratio of these measurements could estimate cardiovascular prognosis.

Methods:

We queried Veterans Affairs’ databases for clinical, hemodynamic, and outcome data. Using the index right heart catheterization between 2010 and 2016, we calculated the ratio of mixed venous oxygen saturation-to-pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, termed ratio of saturation-to-wedge (RSW). The primary outcome was time to all-cause mortality; secondary outcome was 1-year urgent heart failure presentation. Patients were stratified into quartiles of RSW, Fick cardiac index (CI), thermodilution CI, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure alone. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models related comparators with outcomes.

Results:

Of 12 019 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 9826 had values to calculate RSW (median 4.00, interquartile range, 2.67–6.05). Kaplan-Meier curves showed early, sustained separation by RSW strata. Cox modeling estimated that increasing RSW by 50% decreases mortality hazard by 19% (estimated hazard ratio, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.79–0.83],
P
<0.001) and secondary outcome hazard by 28% (hazard ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.70–0.74],
P
<0.001). Among the 3793 patients with data for all comparators, Cox models showed RSW best associated with outcomes (by both C statistics and Bayes factors). Furthermore, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was superior to thermodilution CI and Fick CI. Multivariable adjustment attenuated without eliminating the association of RSW with outcomes.

Conclusions:

In a large national database, RSW was superior to conventional right heart catheterization indices at assessing risk of mortality and urgent heart failure presentation. This simple calculation with routine data may contribute to clinical decision-making in this population.
A multilayer network model of neuron-astrocyte populations in vitro reveals mGluR5 inhibition is protective following traumatic injury
Authors: Schroeder Margaret E. , Bassett Danielle S. , Meaney David F.
Published: January 2022

Astrocytes communicate bidirectionally with neurons, enhancing synaptic plasticity and promoting the synchronization of neuronal microcircuits. Despite recent advances in understanding neuron-astrocyte signaling, little is known about astrocytic modulation of neuronal activity at the population level, particularly in disease or following injury. We used high-speed calcium imaging of mixed cortical cultures in vitro to determine how population activity changes after disruption of glutamatergic signaling and mechanical injury. We constructed a multilayer network model of neuron-astrocyte connectivity, which captured distinct topology and response behavior from single-cell-type networks. mGluR5 inhibition decreased neuronal activity, but did not on its own disrupt functional connectivity or network topology. In contrast, injury increased the strength, clustering, and efficiency of neuronal but not astrocytic networks, an effect that was not observed in networks pretreated with mGluR5 inhibition. Comparison of spatial and functional connectivity revealed that functional connectivity is largely independent of spatial proximity at the microscale, but mechanical injury increased the spatial-functional correlation. Finally, we found that astrocyte segments of the same cell often belong to separate functional communities based on neuronal connectivity, suggesting that astrocyte segments function as independent entities. Our findings demonstrate the utility of multilayer network models for characterizing the multiscale connectivity of two distinct but functionally dependent cell populations.
Individual Differences in Indirect Speech Act Processing Found Outside the Language Network
Authors: Bendtz Katarina , Ericsson Sarah , Schneider Josephine , Borg Julia , Bašnáková Jana , Uddén Julia
Published: January 2022

Face-to-face communication requires skills that go beyond core language abilities. In dialogue, we routinely make inferences beyond the literal meaning of utterances and distinguish between different speech acts based on, e.g., contextual cues. It is, however, not known whether such communicative skills potentially overlap with core language skills or other capacities, such as theory of mind (ToM). In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study we investigate these questions by capitalizing on individual variation in pragmatic skills in the general population. Based on behavioral data from 199 participants, we selected participants with higher vs. lower pragmatic skills for the fMRI study (N = 57). In the scanner, participants listened to dialogues including a direct or an indirect target utterance. The paradigm allowed participants at the whole group level to (passively) distinguish indirect from direct speech acts, as evidenced by a robust activity difference between these speech acts in an extended language network including ToM areas. Individual differences in pragmatic skills modulated activation in two additional regions outside the core language regions (one cluster in the left lateral parietal cortex and intraparietal sulcus and one in the precuneus). The behavioral results indicate segregation of pragmatic skill from core language and ToM. In conclusion, contextualized and multimodal communication requires a set of interrelated pragmatic processes that are neurocognitively segregated: (1) from core language and (2) partly from ToM.
Description of Cryptaphelenchus recticaudatus n. sp. (Aphelenchoidea: Ektaphelenchinae) in Pinus elliottii from the USA
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Fang Yiwu , Ma Xinxin
Published: January 2022

Cryptaphelenchus recticaudatus n. sp. is described and illustrated in Pinus elliottii from the USA. The new species is characterised by the female body 310-431 μm long with distinctly annulated cuticle, lateral fields with four lines, lip region separated from the body by a shallow depression, delicate stylet with small knobs, post-vulval uterine sac short, and rectum and anus invisible. Males are 228-314 μm long, spicules 9.8-12.4 μm long with a well-developed and broad condylus, and seven caudal papillae arranged as a single (P1) and pair (P2) of precloacal papillae plus two pairs of postcloacal papillae. Based upon the general female morphology, the new species most closely resembles C. baujardi and C. iranicus. The morphological differences with the aforementioned species and other species of the genus are discussed. The phylogenetic analyses based on small (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) D2-D3 expansion segments of ribosomal DNA of different individuals of the new species revealed that the new species fell into the Cryptaphelenchus clade in both SSU and LSU trees. The monophyly of the genus was retained after adding newly generated sequences of the new species.
Saleroom Fiction versus Provenance
Authors: Hirschler Konrad
Published: January 2022

This article examines a group of twelve fragments in different languages and different scripts previously held in the Schøyen collection in London and Oslo. After they first emerged on the market in 1993, these fragments received colourful hypothetical and/or fictional pseudo-provenances. However, a consideration of the material logic of these parchment fragments (including folding lines and sewing holes) as well as an examination of the Arabic marginal manuscript notes they carry allows us to re-establish their historical trajectory from the seventh/thirteenth century onwards. At this point, they became part of Muslim Damascene manuscript culture and were reused as wrappers for small booklets in the scholarly field of ḥadīth. In the late ninth/fifteenth century, these booklets were subjected to a massive binding project and the fragments went into new large volumes. This article thus suggests approaches to use provenance research in order to re-historicize decontextualized fragments in modern collections.
Homer and the Epic Cycle
Authors: Porter Andrew
Published: January 2022

How can the ancient relationship between Homer and the Epic Cycle be recovered? Using findings from the most significant research in the field, many ancient and modern assumptions are questioned and alternative perspectives offered that are better aligned with ancient epic performance realities and modern epic studies. This volume addresses a number of related issues: the misrepresentation of Cyclic (and Homeric) epic by Aristotle and his inheritors (including the part played by mythographers like Proclus); the role of the epic singer, patron/collector, and scribe/poet in the formation of memorialized songs; the relevance of shared patterns and devices and of other traditional connections between ancient epics; and the distinct fates of Homeric (Iliad, Odyssey) and Cyclic epic. The volume provides new answers to an age-old problem.
First records of three genera, Cyphomella Sæther, 1977, Olecryptotendipes Zorina, 2007 and Robackia Sæther, 1977 of the Harnischia complex from India with description of O. extentus sp. n., O. obtunsus sp. n. and R. aequilongia sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: MUKHERJEE BINDARIKA , HAZRA NILADRI
Published: January 2022

Three genera, Cyphomella Sæther, 1977, Olecryptotendipes Zorina, 2007 and Robackia Sæther, 1977, of the Harnischia complex are recorded for the first time from India. Two new species of Olecryptotendipes and one new species of Robackia are described on the basis of adult males. Cyphomella camelus (Kieffer, 1955), described from Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions, is recorded for the first time from India and its description is supplemented. The molecular barcodes of three species, O. obtunsus sp. n., C. camelus and R. aequilongia sp. n., are also provided. Revised world keys to the adult males of the Olecryptotendipes and Robackia are also provided.
A new strategy based on polyethylene glycol coated gold nanoparticles to enhance the sensitivity of radiotherapy for glioma
Authors: Wang Ming
Published: January 2022

Radiotherapy (RT), as an essential method for glioma treatment, can effectively kill tumor cells. However, radiation resistance of blood–brain barrier and glioma cells leads to poor efficacy of RT, which cannot effectively improve the survival time of patients. Therefore, designing
methods to improve the sensitivity of glioma cells to radiation is the key to improve the effect of RT. We propose a novel strategy for radiosensitizing glioma cells based on gold nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol. Results of clone formation experiments demonstrated that the Au
NPs@PEG radiosensitization ratio (SER) was as high as 1.74, which effectively improved the killing effect of X-rays on the tumor. We successfully established a glioma mouse model and applied Au NPs@PEG to RT. Results of in vivo experiments showed that Au NPs@PEG combined with X-rays
can significantly reduce the expression of tumor-related molecules and effectively inhibit the process of tumor invasion, proliferation, and migration.
Experimental process and kinetic behavior of carbothermal reduction of lithium cobaltate as a cathode for waste lithium batteries
Authors: Zhi-Kang Cao , Ji-Dong Li , Zhen Li , Xue-Lian Wang , Ling-Feng Yue
Published: January 2022

Lithium cobaltate as a cathode material has great recycling value in the recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries, To promote the thermal reduction process of lithium cobaltate and recover high-value cobalt and lithium metals, we studied the process of lithium cobaltate reduction
by carbon under different conditions and its thermal reaction kinetics. The effects of calcination temperature, raw material ratio, pelletizing pressure and holding time on the reduction rate of lithium cobaltate were investigated by controlling variables. The results showed that the optimum
experimental conditions were as follows: mass ratio of carbon and lithium cobaltate was 1:1, pelletizing pressure was 45 MPa, calcination temperature was 800 °C, and calcination time was 6 h. Under these conditions, lithium cobaltate could be converted into cobalt and lithium carbonate,
and the recovery rate of cobalt and lithium was 97% and 95%, respectively. A kinetic study on the carbothermal reduction reaction of LiCoO2 showed that the average activation energy of the carbothermal reaction of LiCoO2 under nitrogen protection was 280.6851 kJ/mol,
and the mechanism model of the thermal decomposition reaction of LiCoO2 was controlled by chemicals, showing a deceleration curve. The corresponding process conforms to the threedimensional diffusion mechanism of the inverse Jander equation, which lays a theoretical foundation for
the high-efficiency separation and recovery of LiCoO2 cathode material for waste lithium-ion batteries.
Separating the Influences of Low-Latitude Warming and Sea Ice Loss on Northern Hemisphere Climate Change
Authors: Hay Stephanie , Kushner Paul J. , Blackport Russell , McCusker Kelly E. , Oudar Thomas , Sun Lantao , England Mark , Deser Clara , Screen James A. , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: January 2022

Analyzing a multimodel ensemble of coupled climate model simulations forced with Arctic sea ice loss using a two-parameter pattern-scaling technique to remove the cross-coupling between low- and high-latitude responses, the sensitivity to high-latitude sea ice loss is isolated and contrasted to the sensitivity to low-latitude warming. Despite some differences in experimental design, the Northern Hemisphere near-surface atmospheric sensitivity to sea ice loss is found to be robust across models in the cold season; however, a larger intermodel spread is found at the surface in boreal summer, and in the free tropospheric circulation. In contrast, the sensitivity to low-latitude warming is most robust in the free troposphere and in the warm season, with more intermodel spread in the surface ocean and surface heat flux over the Northern Hemisphere. The robust signals associated with sea ice loss include upward turbulent and longwave heat fluxes where sea ice is lost, warming and freshening of the Arctic Ocean, warming of the eastern North Pacific Ocean relative to the western North Pacific with upward turbulent heat fluxes in the Kuroshio Extension, and salinification of the shallow shelf seas of the Arctic Ocean alongside freshening in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, the robust signals associated with low-latitude warming include intensified ocean warming and upward latent heat fluxes near the western boundary currents, freshening of the Pacific Ocean, salinification of the North Atlantic, and downward sensible and longwave fluxes over the ocean.
Wintertime Rossby Wave Breaking Persistence in Extended-Range Seasonal Forecasts of Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Jones Jhordanne J. , Bell Michael M. , Klotzbach Philip J. , Barnes Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2022

In this study, we examine the wintertime environmental precursors of summer anticyclonic wave breaking (AWB) over the North Atlantic region and assess the applicability of these precursors in predicting AWB impacts on seasonal tropical cyclone (TC) activity. We show that predictors representing the environmental impacts of subtropical AWB on seasonal TC activity improve the skill of extended-range seasonal forecasts of TC activity. There is a significant correlation between boreal winter and boreal summer AWB activity via AWB-forced phases of the quasi-stationary North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Years with above-normal boreal summer AWB activity over the North Atlantic region also show above-normal AWB activity in the preceding boreal winter that tends to force a positive phase of the NAO that persists through the spring. These conditions are sustained by continued AWB throughout the year, particularly when El Niño–Southern Oscillation plays less of a role at forcing the large-scale circulation. While individual AWB events are synoptic and nonlinear with little predictability beyond 8–10 days, the strong dynamical connection between winter and summer wave breaking lends enough persistence to AWB activity to enable predictability of its potential impacts on TC activity. We find that the winter–summer relationship improves the skill of extended-range seasonal forecasts from as early as an April lead time, particularly for years when wave breaking has played a crucial role in suppressing TC development.