bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political disputes and consequences on tourism
Authors: Liasidou Sotiroula
Published: December 2017

The aim of the paper is to identify the stance of tourism industry practitioners in the Republic of Cyprus in the case of reunification. Since 1974 and the Turkish invasion, one third of the island’s territory has remained under an illegal occupation. Discussing Cyprus’ political problem and the potential of reunification in relation to the tourism industry is a new concept in nature. The tourism industry will be the vehicle for further economic development. So, it is imperative to understand the opinions of tourism stakeholders and decision makers who will potentially be involved in the development of tourism in the reunited island. In order to identify the consequences of the status quo on the Republic, the views of 26 powerful elite people, both in the public and private sectors of the country, were collected through a qualitative data inquiry using semi-structured interviews. The results of the study suggest that the inability to come up with a viable solution has many negative consequences on the tourism industry of the island. The results of the study suggest that a possible reunification will render Cyprus as an innovative tourism destination.
Antidiabetic and antiplatelet aggregation study of various methanol fractions of Nymphaea stellata Willd. leaves
Authors: Raja Mohan Maruga , Mishra Shri Hari , Tamboli Riyaj Shaukat , Agilandeswari Devarajan
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Nymphaea stellata Willd. (Nymphaeaceae) is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes. Alcohol extract of N. stellata leaves has been reported for hypoglycaemic activity. Objective: The aim of this study was to further investigate the different methanol fractions of N. stellata leaves for anti-diabetic activity and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Methods: Methanol extract was fractioned in to unsaponified petroleum ether fraction of methanol extract (UPFME), chloroform fraction of methanol extract (CFME) and residual fraction of methanol extract (RFME). All fractions were evaluated for in vivo anti-diabetic activity (STZ-NAD-induced rat model), in vitro anti-diabetic activity (PTP1B inhibition study) and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Results: UPFME showed significant changes in all studied parameters, compared to the diabetic control. UPFME also showed an IC50 value of 19.30±1.1 mg/ml and 13.11±0.7 μg/ml in PTP1B inhibition study and anti-platelet aggregation study, respectively. Conclusion: The study indicates that UPFME of N. stellata leaves exhibit anti-diabetic and anti-platelet aggregation activity.
Acute and sub-chronic toxicity evaluations of aqueous extract from stem bark of Grewia mollis (Malvaceae) in rats
Authors: Pongri Adarki , Igbe Ighodaro
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Different parts of Grewia mollis Juss. (Malvaceae) are commonly used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, including diarrhea, ulcers, rickets, cough and fever. Although several studies have proved its therapeutic effectiveness, there are very few toxicological studies on the plant. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of G. mollis stem bark (GM) in animals. Methods: In the acute study, rats were orally administrated with GM at doses of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 mg/kg to determine the oral medial lethal dose (LD50). In the chronic study, rats received three doses of GM (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) for 28 days. After the treatments, food intake, body weights, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were analyzed. Results: The LD50 was estimated to be >9600 mg/kg. No significant alterations in the animal’s body weight gain, relative organs weight, serum biochemical analysis, hematological or histopathological analyses of liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen were observed. Conclusions: The results of this study provided evidence that oral administration of GM at dose of 600 mg/kg is relatively safe in rats and may not exert severe toxic effects.
On The Parameters of Geometric Constraints for Cracked Plates under Tension – Three-Dimensional Problems
Authors: Graba M.
Published: December 2017

This paper provides a comparative analysis of selected parameters of the geometric constraints for cracked plates subjected to tension. The results of three-dimensional numerical calculations were used to assess the distribution of these parameters around the crack front and their changes along the crack front. The study also involved considering the influence of the external load on the averaged values of the parameters of the geometric constraints as well as the relationship between the material constants and the level of the geometric constraints contributing to the actual fracture toughness for certain geometries.
Initial Unsteady Free Convective Flow Past an Infinite Vertical Plate with Radiation and Mass Transfer Effects
Authors: Khan A. , Solanki R.
Published: December 2017

An exact solution and analysis of an initial unsteady two dimensional free convection flow, heat and mass transfer in the presence of thermal radiation along an infinite fixed vertical plate when the plate temperature is instantaneously raised, is presented. The fluid considered is a gray, absorbing emitting radiation but a nonscattering medium. Three cases have been discussed, in particular, namely, (i) when, the plate temperature is instantaneously raised to a higher constant value, (ii) when, the plate temperature varies linearly with time and (iii) when, the plate temperature varies non-linearly with time. A close form general solution for all the cases has been obtained in terms of repeated integrals of error functions. In two particular cases, the solutions in terms of the repeated integrals of error functions have been further simplified to forms containing only error functions. It is observed that for an increase in the radiation parameter N or a decrease in the Grashof number Gr or Gm, there is a fall in the velocity or temperature, but compared to the no radiation case or no diffusing species, there is a rise in the velocity and temperature of the fluid.
A Numerical Study of Coupled Non-Linear Equations of Thermo-Viscous Fluid Flow in Cylindrical Geometry
Authors: Pothanna N. , Aparna P. , Gorla R. S. R.
Published: December 2017

In this paper we present numerical solutions to coupled non-linear governing equations of thermo-viscous fluid flow in cylindrical geometry using MATHEMATICA software solver. The numerical results are presented in terms of velocity, temperature and pressure distribution for various values of the material parameters such as the thermo-mechanical stress coefficient, thermal conductivity coefficient, Reiner Rivlin cross viscosity coefficient and the Prandtl number in the form of tables and graphs. Also, the solutions to governing equations for slow steady motion of a fluid have been obtained numerically and compared with the existing analytical results and are found to be in excellent agreement. The results of the present study will hopefully enable a better understanding applications of the flow under consideration.
Vibrational Analysis of Damped Orthotropic Rectangular Plates with Simple Support on Elastic Winkler Foundation Subjected to Moving Loads
Authors: Idowu A. S. , Are E. B. , Gbadeyan J. A.
Published: December 2017

The model of a damped orthotropic rectangular plate resting on a Winkler foundation with a simple support has the fourth order differential equation governing it, which is reduced to a second order coupled differential equation by separating the variables. The coupled differential equation was solved using numerical schemes .The classical condition used as an illustrative example is the simple support condition. It is observed that damping plays a very significant role in the vibration of solid structures, as it has been shown that the deflection profile depends greatly on the damping ratio. The deflection profile also proves to be more stable in the presence of foundation coupled with viscous damping. The results obtained were discussed and graphically presented.
Influence of the Mesh Geometry Evolution on Gearbox Dynamics during Its Maintenance
Authors: Dąbrowski Z. , Dziurdź J. , Klekot G.
Published: December 2017

Toothed gears constitute the necessary elements of power transmission systems. They are applied as stationary devices in drive systems of road vehicles, ships and crafts as well as airplanes and helicopters. One of the problems related to the toothed gears usage is the determination of their technical state or its evolutions. Assuming that the gear slippage velocity is attributed to vibrations and noises generated by cooperating toothed wheels, the application of a simple cooperation model of rolled wheels of skew teeth is proposed for the analysis of the mesh evolution influence on the gear dynamics. In addition, an example of utilising an ordinary coherence function for investigating evolutionary mesh changes related to the effects impossible to be described by means of the simple kinematic model is presented.
From academia to courtroom: Perception of and expectations from the legal translator’s role
Authors: Orlando Daniele , Gialuz Mitja
Published: December 2017

While both translation process and product have been the subject of abundant research, in the Translation Studies literature there seems to be a lack of focus on the role of the translator (Dam, Helle V. & Karen Korning Zethsen. 2009. Translation studies: Focus on the translator. Hermes Journal of Language and Communication Studies 42(1). 7–12). The implication here seems to be that there is a general consensus – though not supported by much empirical evidence – on the inferior status of translators (Sela-Sheffy, Rakefet & Miriam Shlesinger (eds.). 2011. Identity and status in the translational professions. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing). Nevertheless, the perception of and expectations from translators are a rather relevant issue, particularly in the field of legal translation (for an overview, see Pym, Anthony, François Grin, Claudio Sfreddo et al. 2012. The status of the translation profession in the European Union (DGT/2011/TST). Final Report. Luxembourg: European Commission) where the responsibility placed on legal interpreters and translators is extremely high. This paper aims at investigating the perception of legal translators – mostly in terms of professional requirements and translation quality – in both academia and the professional environment, based on the findings of a survey carried out within the QUALETRA project (JUST/2011/JPEN/AG/2975) and a study carried out at the University of Trieste on the role of translators in local criminal proceedings.
Recent Advances in Role of Propolis as Natural Additive in Poultry Nutrition
Authors: Khan Sohail H.
Published: December 2017

Propolis is a natural resinous mixture produced by honey bees from substances collected from parts of plants, buds and exudates. Due to its waxy nature and mechanical properties, bees use propolis in the construction and repair of their hives for sealing openings and cracks and smoothing out the internal walls and as a protective barrier against external invaders and weathering threats. Bees gather propolis from different plants, in the temperate climate zone mainly from poplar. About 300 compounds such as polyphenols, phenolic aldehydes, sequiterpene quinines, coumarins, amino acids, steroids and inorganic compounds have been identified in propolis samples. Several scientific studies have been focused on the biological activities of propolis and its functions as a health supplement in humans. It could have akin function in poultry. This review is focused on the current findings relating to chemical composition, as an antioxidant, on performance, immunity, intestinal flora and haematological parameter in domesticated poultry species (broiler chickens, laying hens, quail and duck).
Quantification of Selected Trace and Mineral Elements in Royal Jelly from Bulgaria by Icp-Oes and Etaas
Authors: Balkanska Ralitsa , Mladenova Elisaveta , Karadjova Irina
Published: December 2017

The objective of the present study was to investigate selected trace and mineral elements in Royal Jelly (RJ) from Bulgaria. A total of 30 RJ samples were included in the study. The analytical procedure consisted of the microwave digestion of the RJ samples with nitric acid followed by instrumental measurement. Concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr and Zn were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), while As, Cd, Co, Ni and Pb were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Our results showed that elements K, Mg, Ca represented 96% from the total mineral content of the RJ samples from Bulgaria, while the most abundant trace element was Na, followed by Zn. The elements Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Sr were found in trace concentration levels and elements As, Pb, Cd, Co and Ni in microconcentration levels. Selected mineral and trace elements were found in relatively constant concentration levels in all of the analyzed RJ samples. It was concluded that chemical element content did not depend on geographical origin and was under homeostatic adjustment in RJs.
An American woman through the prism of the epithet: semasiological aspect in creating images
Authors: Stashko Halyna
Published: December 2017

The paper describes the use of epithets in creating female images in American folk songs. The results of the stylistic analysis show how different types of epithets intensify female images and testify to the connection between semantics and culture. Multifunctionality of the epithet tends to be of paramount importance in creating and interpreting images and backgrounds to them in folk song texts. This synergy provides valuable and handy clues, which help understand the evolution of a woman in America.
Conceptualization of motion in communicative space in English
Authors: Virotchenko Svitlana
Published: December 2017

The study of space and motion in space as well as its further verbalization remains one of the topical issues of present-day linguistic research, though motion in personal space still needs a more detailed analysis. This paper analyzes English verbalization of movement in communicative space from a cognitive linguistic perspective. It aims at revealing specific features of the constructions under study by applying such a theoretical tool of cognitive linguistics as image schemas.
Temperature Control for Regional Transport
Authors: Gnap Jozef , Rovňaníková Dominika , Jaśkiewicz Marek
Published: December 2017

The introduction of this article outlines the terms and conditions of food control in the Slovak Republic and the institutions that provide it. This section also provides the comparison of inspection results in selected periods. The second part of the paper describes the measurement of the regional transport of perishable food products. The measurement compares all permitted temperature tolerances and is subsequently evaluated. The results of the measurements are also compared with the analysis of the number of checks carried out.
Structure and succession of periphyton in an urban reservoir: artificial substrate specificity
Authors: Trbojević Ivana , Jovanović Jelena , Kostić Dušan , Popović Slađana , Krizmanić Jelena , Karadžić Vesna , Subakov Simić Gordana
Published: December 2017

Substrate specificity of the periphyton community is usually underestimated in both periphyton ecology and biomonitoring studies, thus different kinds of both natural and artificial substrates (of organic and inorganic origin) are employed. Periphyton colonization and successional trajectories are particularly debatable processes when different kinds of substrates are considered. In our field experiment, we deployed four kinds of artificial substrates (two inorganic ones – glass and ceramic, and two organic ones – willow and yew wooden tiles) for the development of periphyton in an urban reservoir referred to as Lake Savsko (Belgrade, Serbia). We comparatively investigated the structure, colonization process, diversity and successional trajectories of periphyton. We also assessed the relationship between the dynamics of algae growth forms (ecological groups) on different substrates and selected abiotic limnological factors. Our objective was to determine whether the type of substrate affects periphyton characteristics at various levels and whether an artificial substrate potentially affects the bioindication capacity of ecological groups. We concluded that all substrates behave similarly at the level of structure and colonization phases, but when considering diversity and successional trajectories, the substrate specificity was demonstrated. Our results suggest that communities developed on inert substrates (glass and ceramic) could provide more realistic insight into complex environmental changes.
Distribution and abundance of pteropods in the western Barents Sea
Authors: Kacprzak Paula , Panasiuk Anna , Wawrzynek Justyna , Weydmann Agata
Published: December 2017

The abundance and horizontal distribution of three pteropod species,Limacina helicina, Limacina retroversaandClione limacinawere examined in the western entrance of the Barents Sea (Polar Front region) in August 2011. Sixteen samples were collected from 8 sampling sites located along a latitudinal transect. The southern part of the study area (south of 73°N) was dominated byL. retroversa, whileL. helicinawas mostly observed north of 73°N. Surface water temperature differences between the coldest and the warmest station were around 8°C. The highest density ofL. retroversawas found in the south, near the Norwegian coast (nearly 52 000 ind. 1000 m−3), while the highest density ofL. helicinawas observed in the region of the Arctic water masses (nearly 13 000 ind. 1000 m−3). The sampled population of pteropods comprised mainly juvenile stages. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationships between environmental factors (mean and surface salinity, mean temperature, sampling depth, chlorophyll concentration) and the population structure showed that mean temperature was the most important factor in the study area, explaining 70.5% of the pteropod community variation.
Surirella barrowcliffia Donkin 1869 (Bacillariophyta, Surirellaceae): the first observation of the diatom in Poland
Authors: Szulc Bogusław , Szulc Katarzyna
Published: December 2017

Diatoms of the genus Surirella are considered to be a very diverse group, many of them are endemic species found in old lakes as well as in tropical regions worldwide. This study describes a new location of Surirella barrowcliffia. In 2005-2007, algological research on the taxonomic composition of benthic diatoms was conducted in the middle section of the Pilica River (Central Poland). A total of 23 benthic samples were collected from a single sampling site located in the town of Sulejów (159.8 km upriver). Altogether 242 diatom species were identified in the collected material. One of the most interesting taxa in this community was S. barrowcliffia. According to the information available in the world’s algological databases, such as Algaterra and AlgaeBase, S. barrowcliffia has so far been found only in England, France, Finland, northern Germany – in the Weser and the Kleine Wumme rivers, near Bremen, and in Romania in the Crapina-Jijila lake complex. S. barrowcliffia has not been recorded in the previous research conducted not only in the middle section of the Pilica River, but also in other Polish aquatic ecosystems.
The Table of Ptolemy’s Terms (Tetr. 1.21)
Authors: Tolsa Cristian
Published: December 2017

The paper presents three strong arguments advocating for the exclusion of the table of Ptolemy’s own planetary terms (Tetr. 1.21.28–29) from the original text of the Tetrabiblos. This table was vastly used by Renaissance astrologers, and much work on its rationale and its manuscript variant readings has been published recently. The author argues that the table was the product of the systematic analysis of Ptolemy’s instructions for the terms in the late antique commentary on the Tetrabiblos edited by Wolf in 1559, and that it entered the direct transmission of Ptolemy’s text in the Byzantine period, probably in the 11th century through cod. Laur. 28,34. The absence of the table in the original Tetrabiblos would explain Ptolemy’s recourse to a probably invented manuscript find and his limited account of the system’s workings.
The Evolution of Presidential Powers in Albanian Constitutions 1991 and 1998 According to the Frye Index
Authors: Chmiel Paweł
Published: December 2017

The article describes the changes in the president’s position in Albania over the years, starting with the democratic transition in the early 1990s. The work consists of three elements: (1) theoretical framework about measuring presidential power and institutionalization of the president (2) the Presidential competence index provided by T. Frye (3) the analysis of the reasons for the presidency implementation in Albania. The author considered two Constitutions acts that were valid in a given moment. The paper takes into consideration the analysis of legal (constitutional) factors that influenced the destabilization of political systems emerging in post-communist countries according to Frye Index.
Effect of Practice on Performance and Pacing Strategies During an Exercise Circuit Involving Load Carriage
Authors: Burdon Catriona A. , Park Joonhee , Tagami Kyoko , Groeller Herbert , Sampson John A.
Published: December 2017

Burdon, CA, Park, J, Tagami, K, Groeller, H, and Sampson, JA. Effect of practice on performance and pacing strategies during an exercise circuit involving load carriage. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 700–707, 2018—Pacing is critical for athletic endeavors, and the strategies used by athletes are often modified after practice. The importance of practice when completing occupational assessments has been established; however, the effect of load carriage and discrete subtask activities on strategies to modulate physical exertion to complete a work task simulation is currently unknown. Therefore, we sought to investigate the effect of practice on pacing strategies used to complete a physiological aptitude assessment circuit. Twenty-five participants completed an assessment designed for firefighters on 3 occasions. The circuit comprised 6 disparate tasks (including unilateral load carriage, static holds and fire-hose drags) with lap and task completion times recorded. Pacing strategies were examined relative to the effect of practice throughout (globally) and within the assessment (discrete tasks). By the second visit, overall test performance and discrete task performance of the first, fourth, and fifth tasks improved, respectively, by 12.6% (95% confidence interval: ±3.6%, p < 0.01), 12.4% (±6.0%, p < 0.01), 11.7% (±4.9%, p < 0.01), and 17.8% (±10.0%, p < 0.03). Compared with visit 1, significant improvements in performance were observed on the second and third visit. However, no significant additional improvement was noted between visits 2 and 3. Therefore, to reliably assess performance of the occupational test, 1 practice session (2 visits) is required. Practice is important to allow individuals to optimize their pacing strategy for successful performance.
Profiling Inflammatory Markers During the Competitive Season and Post Season in Collegiate Wrestlers
Authors: Roth Joe , Szczygiel Taylor , Moore Mary , O'Connor Paul , Edwards Jeffrey , Sharma Naveen , Pettit-Mee Ryan , Zuhl Micah
Published: December 2017

Roth, J, Szczygiel, T, Moore, M, O'Connor, P, Edwards, J, Sharma, N, Pettit-Mee, R, and Zuhl, M. Profiling inflammatory markers during the competitive season and post season in collegiate wrestlers. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2153–2161, 2019—The purpose of this study was to determine whether biological markers of muscle damage and inflammation coincide with subjective measures of muscle fatigue and sleep quality among Division I collegiate wrestlers. The goal was to provide practitioners with noninvasive techniques to evaluate a wrestler's inflammatory state. Subjects from the Central Michigan University Division I collegiate wrestling team (n = 6) were analyzed on 6 separate occasions throughout the course of the competitive season and post season. Biological measurements (creatine kinase [CK], interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], IL-1β, IL-10) and subjective measurements (fatigue, muscle soreness, and sleep quality) were performed. The self-reported level of muscle soreness and fatigue was significantly higher from preseason through midseason, but leveled off late into the season. Creatine kinase followed a similar pattern early into the season compared with preseason and decreased at the end of season. Plasma TNF-α and IL-8 levels increased modestly late into season compared with preseason. Sleep quality correlated with plasma levels of IL-8 (r
2 = 0.120, p < 0.05). Subjects experienced muscle soreness and fatigue early in the competitive season, along with an increase in markers of muscle damage. This may indicate an adaptive response to the training load. Low-grade systemic inflammation increased late into the season, and correlated with poor sleep quality. Based on these data, wrestlers may benefit by additional recovery time early into the season to prevent muscle fatigue and damage. As the season progresses, low-grade inflammation may be prevented or monitored by tracking the quality of sleep.
Upper-Body Strength Measures and Pop-Up Performance of Stronger and Weaker Surfers
Authors: Parsonage Joanna , Secomb Josh L. , Sheppard Jeremy M. , Ferrier Brendon K. , Dowse Rebecca A. , Nimphius Sophia
Published: December 2017

Parsonage, J, Secomb, JL, Sheppard, JM, Ferrier, BK, Dowse, RA, and Nimphius, S. Upper-body strength measures and pop-up performance of stronger and weaker surfers. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2982–2989, 2020—The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of the isometric push-up (IPU), dynamic push-up (DPU), and force plate pop-up (FP POP) as measures of upper-body isometric and dynamic strength qualities in surfing athletes. Furthermore, the study aimed to compare pop-up performance between stronger and weaker surfers. Eighteen female (n = 9) and male (n = 9) surfers (age = 28.1 ± 6.4 years, mass = 69.6 ± 10.4 kg, and height = 172.5 ± 6.7 cm) completed a battery of upper-body strength assessments, of which exhibited high between-day reliability: IPU, (coefficient of variation [CV%] = 4.7, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.96), DPU (CV% = 5.0, ICC = 0.90), and FP POP (CV% = 4.4, ICC = 0.90). Participants were subsequently split into stronger (n = 9) and weaker (n = 9) surfers based on normalized peak force (PF) attained in the IPU. Pop-up performance was measured both in the water and during the FP POP and was referred to as time to pop-up (TTP). Significant between-group differences were observed for normalized PF during IPU (d = 1.59, p < 0.01) and DPU (d = 0.94 p = 0.04). Although not significant, there was a large magnitude difference in FP POP (d = 0.80, p = 0.08) and FP TTP (d = 0.85, p = 0.07). Significant correlations were identified between normalized IPU PF and normalized DPU FP (r = 0.69, p = 0.03) and FP TTP (r = 0.73, p = 0.02) in the stronger group. The weaker group exhibited a significant inverse correlation between normalized IPU PF and in-water TTP (r = −0.77, p < 0.01). The results suggest improvements in pop-up performance may be elicited by improving dynamic strength for stronger surfers, whereas pop-up performance in weaker surfers may be elicited by improving maximum strength. The upper-body strength assessments provided a novel insight into strength qualities that are associated with in-water performance of surfers (TTP).
Force-Time Characteristics of the Countermovement Jump: Analyzing the Curve in Excel
Authors: Chavda Shyam , Bromley Tom , Jarvis Paul , Williams Steve , Bishop Chris , Turner Anthony N. , Lake Jason P. , Mundy Peter D.
Published: December 2017

INCREASED POPULARITY IN THE UTILIZATION OF FORCE PLATES TO MEASURE COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMPS (CMJS) FOR PERFORMANCE MONITORING WARRANTS THE NEED FOR STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES AND SPORT SCIENTISTS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND ITS FORCE-TIME CHARACTERISTICS AND THE CALCULATION OF ITS ASSOCIATED VARIABLES. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON HOW TO UNDERSTAND AND ANALYZE THE FORCE-TIME CURVE OF CMJS IN MICROSOFT EXCEL, THUS PROVIDING PRACTITIONERS AN INEXPENSIVE AND ACCESSIBLE ALTERNATIVE TO READILY AVAILABLE SOFTWARE ON THE MARKET.
Effects of Injection Molding and Storage Conditions on Polypropylene Copolymer
Authors: Kalkan-Sevinc Zehra S. , Ling Michael T. K.
Published: December 2017

This work focused on studying the effects of injection molding parameters (cooling time and melt temperature) and storage conditions (annealing versus cooling) on the thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of an ethylene-propylene copolymer made with and without nucleating agents. Preform properties (optical, crystallinity) affect the consistency of the preforms’ reheating via infrared lamps before stretch blow molding. The analysis of detailed preform properties as a result of both injection molding processing and postmolding treatment or preform storage conditions was lacking to correlate with the blow molding performance. This study confirmed that postmolding aging is a significant factor that affects material properties and therefore suggested subsequent blow molding. It also suggested that shorter injection molding cooling time helps to minimize the effects of aging and storage conditions. As expected, with the inclusion of the nucleating agent, clarity, yield strength, and density of the material improved.
Estimación de la tasa de interés real neutral para Costa Rica
Authors: Muñoz-Salas Evelyn , Rodríguez-Vargas Adolfo
Published: December 2017

Un banco central que utilice la tasa de interés como instrumento de control monetario requiere contar con una estimación de la tasa de interés real neutral (TIRN) como referencia para tomar las decisiones de política conducentes a lograr su objetivo de inflación. Este documento aborda por primera vez la estimación de la tasa de interés real neutral, utilizando datos de una tasa de política monetaria para Costa Rica, establecida en junio del 2011 por el Banco Central de Costa Rica como su instrumento de control monetario. Considerando información mensual para el período 2009-2015 y combinando las estimaciones provenientes de diversas metodologías, la TIRN para Costa Rica se estima en torno a 1,4%.
Tau accumulations in the brains of woodpeckers v1
Authors: Farah George , Siwek Donald , Cummings Peter
Published: December 2017

Woodpeckers experience forces up to 1200-1400 g while pecking. It is assumed due to evolutionary adaptations, the woodpecker is immune to brain injury. This assumption has led to the use of the woodpecker as a model in the development sports safety equipment such as football helmets. However, it is unknown at this time if the woodpecker brain develops neuro-trauma in relation to the high g-forces experienced during pecking. The brains of 10 ethanol preserved woodpeckers and 5 ethanol preserved red-winged black bird experimental controls were examined using Gallyas silver stain and anti-phospho-tau. The results demonstrated perivascular and white matter tract silver-positive deposits in eight out of the 10 woodpecker brains. The tau positive accumulations were seen in white matter tracts in 2 of the 3 woodpeckers examined. No straining was identified in control birds. The negative staining of controls birds contrasted with the diffuse positive staining woodpecker sections suggest the possibility pecking may induce the accumulation of tau in the woodpecker brain. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship.
CÓMO EDUCAR EN BIOÉTICA: LENGUAJES, ACTORES Y POSTURAS
Authors: Sanches Mário Antônio , De Siqueira José Eduardo
Published: December 2017

El propósito de este artículo es abordar la problemática de la enseñanza de la bioética en el estricto sentido de los cursos de maestría-doctorado en el contexto Latinoamericano. Las dificultades específicas al hablar de ética en nuestros días se derivan del hecho de que ahora se debe dialogar desde diversas perspectivas que anteriormente eran ignoradas o reprimidas; por lo tanto, un análisis adecuado de las condiciones actuales requiere de una visión más precisa de los actores que están en escena: el papel de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, los protagonistas del proceso educativo, las transformaciones de la educación contemporánea y las diversas posiciones frente al proceso educativo. Es necesario tener una postura definida, de diálogo, para que este desafío sea adecuadamente enfrentado; los diferentes actores involucrados en el proceso educativo necesitan mejorar en términos de coherencia, honestidad intelectual, autenticidad y humildad.
Presentación
Authors: Escobar Triana Jaime
Published: December 2017

Presentación del volumen 12(1) de la Revista Colombiana de Bioética
Filosofia e Politicas Editoriaes
Authors: Escobar Triana Jaime
Published: December 2017

Filosofía e políticas editoriaes RCB
Подходы к определению понятия и сущности теневой экономики и анализу ее масштабов
Authors: Уханов Вадим Владимирович
Published: December 2017

В статье систематизируются существующие теоретико-методологические подходы к понятию «теневая экономика». На основе официальной статистической информации, предоставленной органами государственной статистики, проведена динамическая оценка (с 2002 по 2015 гг.) масштабов теневой экономики в Российской Федерации, в том числе по отдельным видам экономической деятельности, и осуществлены межстрановые сравнения. Автором сформулированы выводы об отрицательном и положительном влиянии теневой экономической деятельности на социально-экономическое развитие страны и регионов.
Математические модели многоуровневой конкуренции
Authors: Светуньков Сергей Геннадьевич
Published: December 2017

Для более точной идентификации состояния конкуренции на рынке необходимо перейти к анализу конкуренции с учётом его многоуровневой структуры. Это можно сделать с помощью балансового метода, учитывающего объёмы купли-продаж как на оптовом рынке B2B, так и на розничном рынке B2C. В данной статье предлагается сравнительный анализ экономико-математических моделей, описывающих этот рынок, на основании чего предлагается наилучшая модель, обладающая хорошими аналитическими свойствами.
К внедрению Стандарта развития конкуренции: вопросы оценки конкурентоспособности туристического сектора региона
Authors: Молчанова Вера Александровна
Published: December 2017

Статья посвящена анализу особенностей реализации Стандарта развития конкуренции в туристических регионах. Методологической базой исследования являются теория конкуренции и системный подход к рассмотрению факторов, определяющих конкурентоспособность. В исследовании использован анализ стратегических документов по социально-экономическому развитию субъектов Российской Федерации и документов по внедрению Стандарта развития конкуренции в субъектах РФ. В результате исследования обнаружены повторяющиеся в ряде регионов расхождения между стратегическими целями развития и планируемыми мероприятиями по внедрению Стандарта развития конкуренции. Комплекс индикаторов конкурентоспособности региона на рынке туризма разработан автором на основе существующих показателей глобальной конкурентоспособности в туризме и адаптирован для практических потребностей мониторинга рыночной ситуации, стратегического анализа и разработки мер повышения конкурентоспособности при внедрении Стандарта развития конкуренции. Приведен пример использования индикаторов при сравнительной оценке курортов Сочи и Анталии. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны региональным управлениям по туризму, уполномоченным органам по содействию развитию конкуренции в субъектах РФ. Работа представляет интерес для ученых, работающих над проблемами развития конкуренции в регионах, специализирующихся на туризме.
Масштабирование успешных практик деятельности региональных управленческих команд в муниципальных образованиях России
Authors: Никитин Андрей Сергеевич
Published: December 2017

В статье: обоснована актуальность применения «полевых» методов управления территорией в рамках концепции экономики знаний; проведен анализ методологических и методических основ масштабирования успешных практик; исследован опыт выявления, формализации и тиражирования успешных практик муниципального управления в области улучшения инвестиционного и предпринимательского климата за период 2013 – 2016 гг., на основе чего определены перспективы и риски, связанные с применением данного метода. Кроме того, обоснована необходимость разработки комплекса базовых и дополнительных рекомендаций по масштабированию успешных практик муниципального управления развитием инвестиционного и предпринимательского климата в зависимости от различных типов муниципальных образований (моногорода, административные центры регионов, городские округа, региональные промышленные центры; иные муниципальные образования); разработаны рекомендации по ключевым показателям эффективности для каждой из успешных практик; представлены предложения по повышению эффективности для глав администраций (сити-менеджеров).
Повышение качества методов оценки инвестиционного климата региона
Authors: Александров Геннадий Аркадьевич , Скворцова Галина Геннадьевна , Вякина Ирина Владимировна
Published: December 2017

Преимущественно обособленное исследование таких явлений как инвестиционный климат, инвестиционный потенциал, инвестиционные риски вне анализа причинно-следственных связей между ними, ограничивает возможности совершенствования методов оценки в направлении их обоснованности и надежности. В статье выявляются зависимости между характером инвестиционного климата и его составляющими и обосновывается возможность определения инвестиционной привлекательности через группировки всех факторов, без выделения инвестиционного потенциала и инвестиционных рисков. Авторы предлагают определять инвестиционный климат региона и его привлекательность с использованием комплексного метода АВС – матрица, который позволяет не только оценить инвестиционный климат региона, но и на основе выявления барьерных и ограничительных факторов, характеризующих инвестиционный климат на каждом из иерархических уровней, разрабатывать меры по снижению инвестиционных рисков путём их диверсификации.
PLANTA DIDÁTICA SMAR PD3: MODELAGEM, SIMULAÇÃO E AJUSTE DOS PARÂMETROS DO CONTROLADOR DE TEMPERATURA DO TANQUE DE MISTURA
Authors: Costa Gomes Núbia , Nicacio José Vitor , Gomes Tôrres André
Published: December 2017

O trabalho teve por objetivo implementar um controle de temperatura no tanque de mistura da planta SMAR PD3. Para isso, as modelagens teórica e experimental do tanque foram realizadas, assim como a sintonia do controlador PI. Para a modelagem experimental, os parâmetros da função de transferência do processo de mistura no tanque foram determinados através da análise das curvas de variação da temperatura no tanque em resposta a degraus aplicados na vazão fria nos valores de 100, 200 e 400 L.h-1. A sintonia do controlador PI foi realizada para o volume intermediário do tanque e, em seguida, o controle foi validado experimentalmente na planta. Como resultado três sintonias foram determinadas com respostas satisfatórias, especialmente a sintonia 2 (Kc = -2250 e τI = 88), que atingiu o set-point desejado em menos de 4 minutos, para processos onde uma resposta mais rápida é desejada e a sintonia 3 (Kc = -1875 e τI = 88) para processos onde oscilações não são desejadas ou não são permitidas.
Dossiê Comunicação e Extensão Rural
Authors: Lopes Ivonete Da Silva , Dias Marcelo Miná
Published: December 2017

Com este número encerramos o sexto volume da Revista de Extensão e Estudos Rurais (Rever). Neste ano, a Rever seguindo, a tendência dos periódicos nacionais e internacionais, passou a ser editada apenas no formado digital e os trabalhos publicados passaram a ser identificados pelo Digital Object Identifier System (DOI).
(DES) CAMINHOS DA EXTENSÃO RURAL NA ASSISTÊNCIA AS COMUNIDADES ARTESANAIS DO PAMPA GAÚCHO: O CONTEXTO DA VILA PROGRESSO EM CAÇAPAVA DO SUL-RS
Authors: Vargas Daiane Loreto de
Published: December 2017

O trabalho tem por objetivo entender a relação da extensão rural com o artesanato rural, utilizando como base o contexto da Vila Progresso em Caçapava do Sul-RS. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa configura-se como um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo, o método utilizado para a coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada e os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os artesãos do local e os extensionistas rurais da Emater/Ascar de Caçapava do Sul. Analisando o contexto da comunidade, considera-se que artesãos e os agentes de extensão do município possuem divergências em relação ao desenvolvimento do artesanato no local e que as tentativas de intervenção da extensão rural na comunidade estão pautadas na metodologia da difusão de inovações.
PROGRAMA MINAS RURAL E ATER: ANÁLISE DA EXTENSÃO RURAL MIDIATIZADA
Authors: Leal Daniela , Da Silva Lopes Ivonete
Published: December 2017

Este artigo procura entender como o programa Minas Rural, produzido pela  Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais (Emater), representa a prática extensionista e, também, os valores que podem estar imbricados na difusão dos resultados da extensão rural.  Foram analisados os conteúdos do programa Minas Rural veiculados nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2016 e os enquadramentos adotados nas reportagens sobre os resultados dos serviços de ATER prestados pela Emater-MG. Como resultado, percebe-se que o Minas Rural ratifica a imagem de um meio rural pouco homogêneo, estruturado em bases econômicas e do agronegócio
La sentencia Schrems del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea: un paso firme en la defensa del derecho a la privacidad en el contexto de la vigilancia masiva transnacional
Authors: Puerto María Isabel , Sferrazza Taibi Pietro
Published: December 2017

Las filtraciones de Edward Snowden demostraron al mundo la existencia de programas de vigilancia masiva implementados por Estados Unidos y otros aliados. Tales programas, supuestamente, estaban dirigidos a la recopilación de información para la prevención y represión del terrorismo, pero en la práctica implicaron violaciones inaceptables al derecho fundamental a la privacidad no solo de ciudadanos estadounidenses, sino de otras nacionalidades. Diversos actores de las Naciones Unidas y otras organizaciones internacionales han reaccionado mediante la elaboración de informes que manifiestan una elevada preocupación por el fenómeno de la vigilancia transnacional de masas y que pretenden ensalzar el discurso de los derechos humanos como límite contra las injerencias en la privacidad. En este contexto, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea pronunció en el año 2015 la sentencia Schrems que invalidó una decisión de la Comisión Europea sobre el Acuerdo de Puerto Seguro que regulaba la transferencia de datos personales desde la Unión Europea a Estados Unidos. Este trabajo analiza críticamente dicha sentencia, porque ofrece interesantes aportaciones para la protección de los derechos a la privacidad y la protección de los datos personales, habiéndose convertido en un leading case de referencia obligada para la resolución de casos similares.
Leksyka potoczna w podręczniku do nauki języka polskiego jako obcego Polski, krok po kroku (poziom A1) – wybrane zagadnienia w ujęciu statystycznym
Authors: Szamryk Konrad Kazimierz
Published: December 2017

Niniejszy artykuł został poświęcony leksyce potocznej w podręczniku Polski, krok po kroku (poziom A1) w ujęciu statystycznym. Z omawianego podręcznika autor wynotował 103 hasła potoczne, które zostały użyte 541 razy. Na tej podstawie wyliczono średnią częstość wyrazów potocznych oraz wyodrębniono słownictwo kolokwialne bardzo częste, częste, rzadkie i bardzo rzadkie. W artykule przedstawiono także ślepą listę rangową słownictwa potocznego oraz jego podział na części mowy. Przedstawione badania prowadzą do wniosku, że tylko jedna piąta wyrazów potocznych ma szansę utrwalić się na zajęciach lektoratowych z języka polskiego. Pozostałe wyrazy potoczne wprowadzają przede wszystkim wrażenie potoczności i służą urozmaiceniu tekstów w podręczniku, a nie są przedmiotem celowego nauczania.
Słownictwo specjalistyczne w nauczaniu języka słoweńskiego jako obcego na kierunku lingwistyka dla biznesu
Authors: Bednarska Katarzyna
Published: December 2017

Celem referatu jest przedstawienie sposobów nauczania słoweńskiego języka specjalistycznego na nowo otwartym na Uniwersytecie Łódzkim kierunku lingwistyka dla biznesu. Studiując go, studenci poznają słownictwo specjalistyczne z trzech dziedzin: logistyki, finansów i informatyki. Ponieważ ani na rynku słoweńskim, ani na polskim nie istnieją gotowe pomoce naukowe, na podstawie których można by było przeprowadzić tego typu zajęcia, autorka artykułu prezentuje materiały alternatywne, pozyskane z takich źródeł jak gazety i czasopisma, Internet i podręczniki do szkół zawodowych. Ponadto, w ostatniej części artykułu został przedstawiony program całego kierunku lingwistyka dla biznesu.
Move Beyond the Text
Authors: Swoboda-Rydz Urszula
Published: December 2017

Reading is a complex skill which is indispensable in order to be successful in pursuing a scientific career. While reading specialist texts, it is necessary to go through the literal, inferential and creative-evaluative levels of comprehension. For an inexperienced reader, who is already familiar with the basic terminology in a relevant field, specialist texts may pose difficulty since they need critical approach. It means using experience and knowledge beyond the text, and also the ability to ask adequate questions. Moving beyond the text gives the reader an opportunity to have an insight into the problem. Two examples used in the workshop show how teachers may prepare students to read specialist texts.
Na przerwie i na lekcji – język specjalistyczny w edukacji dzieci i młodzieży z doświadczeniem migracyjnym
Authors: Majcher-Legawiec Urszula
Published: December 2017

W Polsce obowiązuje system integracyjny: uczeń cudzoziemski uczestniczy w zajęciach szkolnych niezależnie od znajomości polskiego. Ten model nazywany bywa edukacją włączającą (inkluzywną). Warunkiem inkluzji społecznej jest w znacznym stopniu znajomość języka, bez której kontakt z kulturą i jej reprezentantami jest niepełny albo wręcz niemożliwy. Brak wspólnego kodu językowego stanowi barierę, która uniemożliwia wytworzenie więzi i wymianę informacji między rodzimymi użytkownikami języka polskiego a cudzoziemcami, którzy jeszcze tego języka nie opanowali, lub opanowali w stopniu niewystarczającym. Z punktu widzenia procesu inkluzji ważne będzie znalezienie technik i sposobów pokonujących te bariery, wspierających uczenie się języka i prowadzących do porozumienia. przygotowanie nauczyciela do pracy z uczniem nieznającym języka polskiego lub znającym język słabo jest koniecznością. Uczeń cudzoziemski w szkole polskiej może liczyć na dostosowanie wymagań i indywidualizację procesu nauczania, jednak jego celem jest uzyskanie autonomii w zakresie zdobywania wiedzy i prezentowania jej, komunikacji z rówieśnikami i innymi osobami tak w sytuacjach formalnych, jak i nieformalnych. Kluczem do sukcesu jest nauczyciel – przygotowany czuje się lepiej, działa sprawniej i może cieszyć się postępami swojego ucznia. Artykuł przedstawia i omawia propozycje technik pracy z uczniem z barierą językową na zajęciach przedmiotowych w szkole polskiej.
Michalina Biernacka, Znajdź z polskim wspólny język. Fonetyka w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego. Poradnik metodyczny, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2016, ss. 239
Authors: Grochala Beata
Published: December 2017

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