bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hygrothermal aging behavior of C/GFRP hybrid rod with bundle‐by‐bundle dispersion
Authors: Xian Guijun , Chen Rusheng , Tian Jingwei , Niu Yanzhao , Li Chenggao , Guo Rui
Published: October 2024

Fiber hybrid with bundle‐by‐bundle dispersion can achieve the high performance of composites, fully understand the hybrothermal resistance of hybrid composites is the key to prove the applications in engineering structures. In the present paper, the hygrothermal resistance performances of new type carbon and glass fiber reinforced epoxy based hybrid rod with bundle‐by‐bundle dispersion produced by pultrusion technology is investigated experimentally. The tests of water absorption and desorption, thermal and mechanical performances are performed to obtain the evolution rules of hygrothermal aging. As a result, the water absorption of hybrid rod confirms to the Fick's diffusion behavior, the serious relaxation of resin matrix and the interfacial debonding of fiber‐resin exposed at high temperature provide more diffusion space for water molecules. Long‐term hydrothermal aging results in the recoverable plasticization of resin matrix and irrecoverable interfacial debonding of fiber‐resin, which brings about the degradation of 6.7%–15.0% for short beam shear strength (SBSS) retention. In addition, the plasticization effect reduces the cross‐linking density of resin matrix, which leads to the degradation of 3.3%–15.6% for glass transition temperature (Tg) retention. The life prediction results show that degradation rate of SBSS is gradually slow down and reached to a stable retention of 85.5%.

Highlights

Relaxation of resin matrix and interfacial debonding accelerate the diffusion of water molecules.

Plasticization and interfacial debonding lead to the degradation of short beam shear strength retention and glass transition temperature.

Long‐term life prediction shows that short beam shear strength e retention is 85.5%.
Fabrication and Potential Characterization of Silver‐Doped Zinc Oxide Glucose Biosensor
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Haleema Avimra , Jabeen Raheela , AL‐Rawi Mahmood Basil A. , El‐Meligy Mohammed , Ahmed Sibtain
Published: October 2024

This work is devoted to studying and manufacturing a highly sensitive nonenzymatic glucose biosensing system of metal oxides via the sol–gel technique. The X‐ray diffraction patterns of all the prepared samples confirm that the samples present hexagonal crystal lattice structures of ZnO and Ag–ZnO nanoparticles. Ultraviolet (UV) analysis of all the samples is carried out to evaluate the absorption of silver in the UV region for electrical and chronoamperometric analysis. The transmittance of all the samples is observed, and the maximum transmittance is 11% for 4% AgZnO. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveal the functional group stretching and vibration of the particles at different wavelength ranges. Scanning electron microsocpy analysis reveals the grain size and morphology of the samples, which decrease with increasing doping agent. Chronoamperometric analysis of all the samples reveals that the value increases with time for the 4% doped sample. The sensing response is also observed and is enhanced with increasing temperature for the 4% doped sample. The sensing response of the samples coated with carbon fiber electrodes is assessed from −0.2 to +0.5 V at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1.
Extending the Shelf Life of Doxorubicin Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles with Cryoprotectants
Authors: Koldankaya Tuğba , Mert Serap
Published: October 2024

Sugars, as cryoprotectants, can be added to NP formulations before lyophilization to ensure that NPs retain their size during long‐term storage. In this study, mannitol, glucose, and sucrose were used at different concentrations to extend the storage time of doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded PLGA‐NPs prepared using two different copolymer ratios (75 : 25 and 50 : 50) at different storage temperatures (−20, +4, and +25 °C). After lyophilization, a glucose or sucrose concentration of only 5 % for DOX‐PLGA‐75 : 25‐NP and a glucose concentration of 10 % for DOX‐PLGA‐50 : 50‐NP were found to prevent agglomeration for up to 4 months at −20 °C. It is noteworthy that after storage at 4 °C for up to 4 months, agglomeration was prevented using 5 % sucrose and 10 % glucose in DOX‐PLGA‐50 : 50‐NP and 10 % sucrose content in both NP types. On the other hand, as expected, no sugar type or concentration could prevent agglomeration during long‐term storage of NPs at 25 °C. The sizes and encapsulation efficiencies (EE%) before lyophilization were 221.8±2.20 and 45.4 % for DOX‐PLGA‐50 : 50‐NP and 221.5±1.31 and 48.7 % for DOX‐PLGA‐75 : 25‐NP, respectively. Furthermore, the release profiles and encapsulation of DOX in both NPs were investigated by UV‐Vis analyses. DSC analysis revealed that DOX was present in the free form and amorphous in the NPs. Consequently, PLGA copolymer ratios were found to have an impact on the long‐term stability of DOX loaded PLGA lyophilizates, and DOX‐loaded NPs prepared with PLGA 75 : 25 or PLGA 50 : 50 can be stored at −20 and +4 °C for up to 4 months when combined with appropriate sugar contents and concentrations, demonstrating the versatility of these materials.
Design, Synthesis and Computational Insight of Isolated and Thiophene fused 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones as PPAR‐γ Agonist
Authors: Shah Chandan , Nemaysh Vishal , Althagafi Ismail , Rai Reeta , Kumar Yadav Dharmendra , Pratap Ramendra
Published: October 2024

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) is a well‐known member of the PPAR family and a potential target for the treatment of various disorders. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of various 6‐aryl‐4‐sec.amino‐2‐oxo‐2H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives and functionalized thieno[3,2‐c]pyran‐2‐ones, derived from ketene dithioacetal. Then all the synthesized compounds were docked for their activity as PPAR‐γ to predict the binding mechanism and affinities regarding rosiglitazone and muraglitazar. Our studies revealed that three compounds 10 e, 10 f, and 10 h showed significant binding affinities, with energy ranges comparable to standard drugs rosiglitazone and muraglitazar. The docking conformation studies revealed that the selected compounds nicely interact with PPAR‐γ in the ligand binding domain with positive predictive values. We also performed molecular dynamics of the most potent compounds to validate the result. Our results indicate that these novel compounds are potential PPAR‐γ ligands, offering new possibilities for therapeutic applications. This study underscores the potential of these synthesized compounds in the development of novel PPAR‐γ agonists.
Preparation of CYCU‐3/MCM‐41 Composites and Adsorption Properties for n‐Hexane
Authors: Li Ying
Published: October 2024

Adsorption method is one of the effective technologies for treating VOCs. Compared with activated carbon, silicon‐based materials have well‐ordered pore structure, good thermal stability and non‐flammability. In this paper, CYCU‐3/MCM‐41 composites were prepared by hydrothermal method through mixing MCM‐41 powder in situ. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms, saturation adsorption and cyclic adsorption/desorption curves of n‐hexane on CYCU‐3/MCM‐41 composites were experimentally measured. The results displayed that the CYCU‐3/MCM‐41 (3) exhibited the largest BET specific surface area (1631 m2/g). And its n‐hexane adsorption capacity was 776 mg/g, which was 19.4 % higher than that of MCM‐41, 1.42 times that of activated carbon, and 2.64 times that of molecular sieve. The kinetic fitting results showed that the pseudo‐first order kinetic model can more precisely embody the n‐hexane adsorption process on CYCU‐3/MCM‐41 composites, and the W‐M intraparticle diffusion model confirmed that intraparticle diffusion was not the only control step for the adsorption rate of n‐hexane on CYCU‐3/MCM‐41 composites. In addition, the regenerative rate of CYCU‐3/MCM‐41 (3) was over 98.9 % after ten adsorption and desorption cycles of n‐hexane, showing good desorption performance and excellent structural stability, and proving its broad application prospect in the field of VOCs treatment.
Visible Light Driven Defect Mediated Photocatalytic Activity of Spray Pyrolyzed Ga and Al Doped ZnO Thin Film Electrodes
Authors: Maharana Gouranga , Jayavelu Yuvashree , Muniramaiah Reddivari , Paul Joseph D. , Baskar Leena , Manavalan Kovendhan
Published: October 2024

Ga and Al doped ZnO thin film electrodes are spray deposited and explored for photocatalytic deterioration of methylene blue dye. X‐ray diffraction unveils both films to have highly textured growth along the (002) plane. The surface morphology is found to have near spherical and distorted rectangular particles for Ga and Al dopants, respectively. Photoluminescence emission study reveals that both films have visible light emissions in the violet, blue, and green regions due to oxygen vacancy defects. The deposited films exhibit a reasonably higher transmittance of 89 and 77 % with mobility of 30.5 and 29.6 cm2/Vs for Ga and Al doped ZnO, respectively. Cyclic test and photo‐corrosion studies performed for selected samples were indicating significant stability. Based on these findings the electrodes are explored for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye and are found to have significant efficiency upon LED and sunlight irradiation.
Smart Nanocoating‐ an Innovative Solution to Create Intelligent Functionality on Surface
Authors: Dhiman Nitesh , Singla Nancy
Published: October 2024

The interaction of substrate surfaces with the environment (moisture, heat, pressure, chemicals) has cascade effects on their efficiency, performance, durability due to their susceptibility towards microbial adhesion, spontaneous leaching, impairment, corrosion etc. Many scientific, technological innovations such as smart coating have been discovered for the protection of these surfaces. It is a high‐tech, high value coating capable of responding to environmental impulses. Incorporation of nanofillers, nanomatrices in smart coating improve surface performance by extending service life, provide high durability, high physical coverage, adhesive strength etc. Real‐time monitoring of environmental conditions, structural health could be made possible by sensing coatings. This review predominantly highlights the essential features, design, advancements, applications of smart nanocoatings over elementary nanocoatings. To cover the whole study, drawbacks of traditional coating methods are also discussed. Finally, the research gaps, future perspectives of smart nanocoatings will be overlooked.
Producing Activated Biochar from the Reuse of Discarded Coffee Grounds with Enhanced Adsorptive Features Explored Towards the Stripping Voltammetric Sensing of Copper (II)
Authors: Santos de Castro Bruna , Miranda de Freitas Caroline Piccoli , de Moura Guimarães Luciano , Chagas da Silva Renê , dos Santos Renato Natália , Almeida Silva Tiago
Published: October 2024

This work aims to allocate coffee grounds waste to the production of biochar from pyrolysis under different temperatures (350 °C and 500 °C), to add value to it. The resulting materials were characterized by immediate, elemental, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, FT‐IR, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the need to activate the biochar produced for the desired use was evaluated. The obtained biochars were applied in electroanalysis in the manufacture of modified carbon paste electrodes. This choice was made due to the possibility of reaching a high sensitivity towards the determination of Cu2+ ions. The differential pulse adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry technique was applied to perform the Cu2+ determination and, in this case, several parameters were optimized, including biochar’ percentage, pH of pre‐accumulation step and reduction/stripping step, pre‐accumulation time, potential and time of reduction of adsorbed‐Cu2+. From this, the proposed modified electrode showed a linear voltammetric response towards Cu2+ in the range of 66.1 to 3997.3 ppb, with a limit of detection of 31.8 ppb, in addition to having been satisfactorily applied in the analysis of water samples (recoveries close to 100 %). Thus, demonstrating the potential for reuse of discarded coffee grounds for the preparation of activated biochar with outstanding electrochemical performance.
In‐Silico Design of Novel Indole‐Selenide Derivatives as Potential P‐Glycoprotein Inhibitors Against Multi‐Drug Resistance in MCF‐7/ADR Cells: 2D‐QSAR, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Guendouzi Abdelmadjid , Belkhiri Lotfi , Houari Brahim , Djekoun Abdelhamid , Guendouzi Abdelkrim
Published: October 2024

In this work, a set of thirty‐one novel indole‐selenide derivatives (C1–C31), reported recently as P‐glycoprotein inhibitors against multi‐drug resistance in MCF‐7/ADR cells, have been computationally investigated for the first time by in‐silico approaches, combining 2D‐quantitative structure‐activity relationship based virtual screening (2D‐QSAR‐VS) model, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations. The in‐silico study aims to design new potent molecules with higher anticancer inhibitory activity than observed with in‐vitro assays. The 2D‐QSAR model is built using multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques, and cross‐validated by internal and external parameters, applicability domain (AD) analysis, and Y‐randomization tests, corroborating the Golbreikh and Tropsha criteria. Subsequently, virtual screening was performed on the generated database, considering higher pIC50 values than the most effective in‐vivo C27 inhibitor. Subsequently, molecular docking and dynamics simulations were applied on the selected higher‐scoring ligands showing the best interactions with the PHE643, TYR745, and PRO571 amino acids of the P‐gp receptor (7 A6E), predicting dynamically stable complexes at the time‐scale of 200 ns. The in‐silico outcomes indicate that the selected new ligands have shown promising inhibitory activity for future anti‐cancer therapies, with perspective validating by in‐vitro and in‐vivo studies.
Synthesis of Functionalized 3‐Azabicyclo[3.2.0]Heptanes via Visible‐Light Energy‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Pitchai Manivel , Kaspady Mahammed , Kannan Madhavan , Akunuri Arunkumar , Indasi Gopikumar , Pavan Mysore S. , Vetrichelvan Muthalagu , Oderinde Martins S. , Kempson James , Mathur Arvind , Gupta Anuradha
Published: October 2024

Functionalized cyclobutanes are three‐dimensional scaffolds widely found in natural products and bioactive molecules. Herein, we report a visible‐light‐induced intermolecular [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of a diverse array of alkenes with N‐substituted maleimides to access functionalized azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes. The reaction showed broad substrate scope with good chemo‐, regio‐ and diastereoselectivity under mild conditions. The robustness of this photo‐mediated [2+2] cycloaddition was demonstrated by carrying out a reaction on a 100 g scale (58 % yield). The prepared functionalized azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes are synthetic scaffolds for drug discovery.
Nimbolide Induces Cell Apoptosis via Mediating ER Stress‐Regulated Apoptotic Signaling in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Peng Bou‐Yue , Wu Chia‐Yu , Lee Chia‐Jung , Chang Tsung‐Ming , Tsao Ya‐Ting , Liu Ju‐Fang
Published: October 2024

Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) poses a significant health challenge in Asia, with current therapeutic strategies failing to improve the survival rates for OSCC patients sufficiently. To elucidate the effects of Nimbolide on OSCC cell proliferation and apoptosis, we performed a series of experiments, including cell proliferation assays, annexin V/PI assays, and cell cycle analysis. We further investigated nimbolide's role in modulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial dysfunction using flow cytometry. Additionally, Western blotting was used to detect apoptosis‐related protein expression. Our findings reveal that nimbolide exerts its anti‐proliferative effects on OSCC cells by inducing apoptosis. The nimbolide increased intracellular ROS levels and acceleration of cellular calcium accumulation, respectively promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and cancer cell apoptosis. Furthermore, nimbolide activates the caspase cascade by altering the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptotic protein expression, thereby inhibiting the viability of tumor cells. Our data show that Nimbolide suppresses tumor growth through the induction of ROS production, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in apoptosis in OSCC cells. Overall, our study highlights nimbolide as a potential natural compound for OSCC therapy.
Grapevine
Authors: Viret Olivier , Gindro Katia
Published: October 2024

One of the Tmost important cultivated crops worldwide, grapevine boasts a high biodiversity which has been largely underestimated and underused. Around 30 cultivars are planted for wine and table-grape production. Most of these belong to the species Vitis vinifera, which is susceptible to the major fungal diseases: downy and powdery mildew, grey mould and black rot. Depending on their co-evolution with these fungal pathogens in America, Asia or Europe, the different species of Vitis contain different levels of resistance and susceptibility related to their particular genomes. Since the late-nineteenth-century phytosanitary crisis in Europe which devasted the vineyards, the regular use of fungicides has been unavoidable when planting V. vinifera. On the other hand, the prospect of fungicide-free, sustainable viticulture has become a burning issue where crossbreeding plays a key role. This chapter provides an insight into the biodiversity of Vitaceae, the structure and anatomy of the grapevine and an overview of current knowledge of marker-assisted breeding for resistance to the major fungal diseases.
Wood Diseases
Authors: Viret Olivier , Gindro Katia
Published: October 2024

Since the dawn of time, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have been responsible for a sizeable decline in vineyards worldwide. Results from recent studies have found that the mycobiome composition of the woody tissues in symptomatic plants and close to leaves manifesting the ‘tiger stripes’ symptoms of esca, as well as in leaf-symptomatic canes, is highly similar to that of plants not exhibiting any symptoms. The role of fungi as primary pathogens causing GTDs within the microbiome of grapevine remains to clarify. Among the new hypotheses attempting to explain the emergence of GTDs, hydraulic failure of the plant’s vascular system due to vessel obstruction by fungi, pruning wounds and/or climatic stress are the most likely. Studies in plant physiology are only just beginning to identify the co-factors that may promote wood diseases and the degrading role of involved fungi. This chapter proposes a perspective on the problem of vine decline, integrating these different parameters, including phytotoxins.
Grafting and Fungi in the Nursery
Authors: Viret Olivier , Gindro Katia
Published: October 2024

Grapevines have been grafted since the Phylloxera blight of the late nineteenth century. The root form of the louse responsible for Phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, attacks the roots of the European vine (Vitis vinifera), causing its rapid decline. The accidental importation of this insect from the northern USA led to a fundamental change in grapevine propagation practices worldwide. The grafting technique introduced in the wake of the phylloxera outbreak consists in joining the graft of a European grapevine (Vitis vinifera) which is susceptible to the root form but resistant to the leaf form of the insect pest onto a rootstock of American origin (Vitis spp), resistant to the root form but susceptible to the leaf form of the pest. The choice of rootstock is based on soil type, in particular soil limestone content, drought resistance, and conferred graft vigour. Grapevine plants are produced by vine nurserymen who graft and market rooted grafts after stratification and 1 year’s growth in a nursery. Each production stage must be carried out under irreproachable hygiene conditions, including cane disinfection stages to ensure propagation material limiting the presence of fungal pathogens that could alter the rooted-graft production process.
Introduction to Rescaling Sustainability Transitions
Authors: Halonen Maija , Albrecht Moritz , Kuhmonen Irene
Published: October 2024

Sustainability transitions are employed as a key conceptual term in science, politics and societal debate. While often employed as an umbrella term for policy programmes aiming for a more environmentally and socially conscious shift of societal conduct, the understanding of its variegated processes has sparked an array of epistemological frameworks and approaches. Much research is criticised for an insensitivity to the socio-spatial complexities and multi-scalar relations of becoming, and the domination of large-scale, centralised and urban-oriented socio-economic development pathways calls for a rescaling of sustainability transitions with small-scale, localised and rural approaches. The rescaling of sustainability transitions in this sense plays out in multiple forms and rather than confining research to a streamlined conceptual frame, we see value in drawing on partially aligned, yet diverse accounts. Through engagement with different shades of rescaling, this book aims at a deeper, more diverse understanding of how sustainability transitions manifest in different spatial contexts, are framed by multi-scalar and continuously shifting socio-spatial relations and the role of (contested) spatial imaginaries on the capacities for ‘rescaled’ future trajectories.
Einführung
Authors: Massimiani Andrea
Published: October 2024

Anfang des Jahres 2022 waren in der österreichischen Handelsbranche (Einzelhandel, Großhandel und Kraftfahrzeughandel) 82.390 Unternehmen und 625.000 unselbständige Beschäftigte tätig. Mit einem gemeinsamen Umsatz von 319 Milliarden Euro, wovon der Einzelhandel 44.380 Unternehmen zählt und mit insgesamt 346.210 Beschäftigten rund 82 Milliarden Euro Umsatz beiträgt, zählt der Handel zum umsatzstärksten Wirtschaftsbereich und stellt den zweitgrößten Arbeitgeber des Landes dar. Dem Handel sind 22 % der österreichischen marktorientierten Wirtschaft zugehörigen Unternehmen zugeordnet, wodurch der Handel mit 33 % den umsatzstärksten Wirtschaftsbereich darstellt (Gavac et al. 2023).
Forschungslücke und Abgrenzung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes
Authors: Massimiani Andrea
Published: October 2024

Basierend auf den in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln gewonnenen Erkenntnissen widmet sich das vierte Kapitel in einem ersten Schritt der Problemstellung und der Forschungslücke (Abschnitt 4.2) und im zweiten Schritt der Abgrenzung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes (Abschnitt 4.3).
Tailoring CO2 detection capabilities using Co-ZnO/MoS2 nanocomposites through electrolyte concentration modulation
Authors: Yempally Swathi , Al-Ejji Maryam , Zaidi Shabi Abbas , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi
Published: October 2024

The current study explores a new approach to investigate the CO2 detection capabilities of cobalt-doped zinc oxide (Co-ZnO) combined with molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) hybrid nanomaterials Co-ZnO/MoS2 (CZM). The hydrothermally synthesized CZM composites provide unique structural and compositional properties, with 25 nm as their longest dimension (length), and specific lattice structure. CZM-based electrodes are developed by preparing the nanomaterial-dispersed ink, and potentiometric studies explore the optimal sensing performance. We found significant enhancements in sensitivity, reaction time, and reduction efficiency by systematically changing the electrolyte concentration in the electrode cell. Bode and Nyquist plots explain the influence of electrolyte concentration and the nanomaterial synergy in CO2 sensing and conversion with the 0.1 N electrolyte with the maximum efficiency. By offering important insights into how the electrolyte content affects the performance of Co-ZnO/MoS2 nanocomposite sensors, this study advances the field of CO2 sensing technology. Further, the nanomaterials extend their applicability in environmental monitoring, evaluating indoor air quality, and industrial processes.
Conceptual scaffolding for the philosophy of medicine
Authors: Friedman Yael
Published: October 2024

This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, I will introduce a philosophical toolbox that I call ‘conceptual scaffolding,’ which helps to reflect holistically on phenomena and concepts. I situate this framework within the landscape of conceptual analysis and conceptual engineering, exemplified by the debate about the concept of disease. Within the framework of conceptual scaffolding, I develop the main idea of the paper, which is ‘the binocular model of plural medicine’, a holistic framework for analyzing medical concepts and phenomena. In the second part, I demonstrate the use and value of the binocular model by analyzing, through the lenses of the model, the phenomenon of health wearable devices and their effects on the concept of diagnosis.
GPS-supported smartphone app-based integrated travel diary and time-use data collection: challenges and lessons learned
Authors: Tabasi Maliheh , Siripanich Amarin , Khan Nazmul Arefin , Auld Joshua , Rashidi Taha Hossein
Published: October 2024

Travel behaviour and time-use data are two vital data sources for travel demand modelling. Travel behaviour is traditionally collected through household travel surveys, enhanced by using GPS-supported smartphone apps for passive location data collection. However, recruiting individuals willing to install these apps with sustained motivation to continue participation has been a critical challenge. This paper shares insights from a travel and time-use data collection procedure in Chicago and Sydney using the Fourstep app. Social media platforms were utilised as a solution to recruit participants in Chicago, where an international market research company failed to accomplish the task. This paper also discusses the challenges we faced and suggests ways to overcome them, offering valuable guidance to researchers in recruiting participants for smartphone application-based data collection. It also offers an analysis of travel, time-use, and travel-based multitasking behaviours based on the data collected from the Chicago and Sydney samples.
Delving into depth: an empirical investigation of the ordinary concepts of depth and profundity
Authors: Cova Florian , Schöpfer Céline , Bezat Morgane Myling
Published: October 2024

We sometimes say about certain things (such as philosophical questions) that they are ‘deep’ or ‘profound’. But what does it mean exactly? Surprisingly, philosophers have been quite silent on this topic and there is neither consensual nor prominent conceptual analysis of ‘depth’. After surveying different proposals that have tried to capture depth in terms of explanatory depth, subject matter, emotional impact, understanding or complexity, we present the results of three studies in which we combine qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the everyday concept of ‘depth’. Our results suggest that depth and profundity are generally characterized as (i) something with a meaning, (ii) that stimulates cognitive activity, to (iii) promote epistemic progress about (iv) important issues, thus (v) having an emotional impact. Based on these findings, we propose a first characterization of the ordinary concepts of depth and profundity.
Scalable Ir-Doped NiFe2O4/TiO2 Heterojunction Anode for Decentralized Saline Wastewater Treatment and H2 Production
Authors: Hong Sukhwa , Kim Jiseon , Park Jaebeom , Im Sunmi , Hoffmann Michael R. , Cho Kangwoo
Published: October 2024

Wastewater electrolysis cells (WECs) for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H2 production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water, waste, and energy carrier. This study reports Ir-doped NiFe2O4 (NFI, ~ 5 at% Ir) spinel layer with TiO2 overlayer (NFI/TiO2), as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartment cell. In dilute (0.1 M) NaCl solutions, the NFI/TiO2 marks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction, outperforming the benchmark IrO2. Robust operation in near-neutral pH was confirmed. Electroanalyses including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO2 which serves both as the primary site for Cl− chemisorption and a protective layer for NFI as an ohmic contact. Galvanostatic electrolysis of NH4+-laden synthetic wastewater demonstrated that NFI/TiO2 not only achieves quasi-stoichiometric NH4+-to-N2 conversion, but also enhances H2 generation efficiency with minimal competing reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive chlorine. The scaled-up WEC with NFI/TiO2 was demonstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.
Left, right or something else? José Ortega y Gasset’s intellectual influence in the ideological realm
Authors: Boman Björn
Published: October 2024

The Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset has influenced several thinkers of the twentieth century, among whom Julius Evola, Ayn Rand, and Pierre Bourdieu specifically have been examined in this article. The selection of thinkers indicates that Ortega has influenced both those on the left and those on the various strands of the right. In relation to Evola, Ortega’s critique of the emergent masses in the age of modern democracy has been emphasized, although they do not share the same overarching social philosophy as Ortega is essentially a proponent of liberalism which Evola fiercely opposes. Regarding Rand, there are striking affinities between Ortega’s major work Revolt of the Masses and Rand’s The Virtue of Selfishness in relation to personal responsibility and the state’s role in providing welfare. Bourdieu, on his behalf, has manifestly linked his reasoning in his major work Distinction to Ortega’s work The Dehumanization of Art. Overall, this shows that Ortega’s philosophy has an impact on both the left and the right.
Development of a potentiometric sensor for mercury (II) ion using cerium (IV) tinmolybdophosphate
Authors: Yadav Sonia , Sharma Nadeem , Sharma Harish K.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The primary objective of this report is to develop a heperopolyacid salt, Cerium (IV) tinmolybdophosphate (CeSnMoP), with distinctive attributes that significantly enhance its ion exchange capacity. Through deliberate adjustments in temperature, pH, and volume ratios, we have carefully prepared a range of CeSnMoP samples. One sample exhibiting an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 5.06 ± 0.2 meq gm-1 has been identified for further extensive analysis. The second objective was to develop the potentiometric sensor by using the synthesised sample therefore it was transformed into an electrode incorporating PVC as binder material and validated as a potentiometric sensor for Mercury ions which can work as variable media.

Data description

Instrumental analyses, such as XRD, IR, TGA, SEM and EDS, were used to elucidate the compound’s structural aspects. Distribution coefficient (Kd) studies highlighted the compound's pronounced selectivity towards Hg2+ ions. This catalyst was further utilized as an electro-active substance for detecting Hg2+ ions in an external solution. Epoxy resin played the role of a binder in the electrode formulations. The electrode, comprising a membrane with 50% exchanger material, demonstrated superior performance. This selected membrane exhibited a wide operational concentration range of 1 × 10–6 M – 1 × 10–1 M of Hg2+ ions for quantitative analysis of unknown samples of mercury ions. The lower detection limit for the calibration curve was recorded up to 2 × 10–8 M from 1 to 10–1 M. The electrode effectively sensed this metal ion within the pH range of 3.74–7.51 and exhibited a lifespan exceeding 8 months.
Transition flight of a concept of lifting-wing quadcopter
Authors: Daud Filho A.C. , Nelli Silva E.C. , Silva J.R. , Caurin G.A.d.P. , Belo E.M.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the concept of a lifting-wing quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a vertical take-off and landing vehicle (VTOL) with a rear wing, a canard at its front and four propellers. The aerodynamic surfaces are designed so that their mounting angle can be adjusted and fixed before flight, so its performance in transition flight can be studied for a combination of wing and canard mounting angles. A dynamic model using rigid-body equations of motion is presented, which is used to compute the transition flight trajectory from hover to cruise in horizontal flight. The trim conditions were computed for a range of fixed wing and canard mounting angles to study the effects of these variables on transition trajectory parameters such as required power, body pitch angle and propeller rotation speeds as a function of flight speed. Furthermore, a transition flight control algorithm is presented, which has a cascaded PID controller and a reference scheduler to switch between the proper reference states, controls and control allocation matrix. Finally, the transition control algorithm of the conceptual UAV is numerically simulated. Results show that this configuration can perform a fast and smooth transition from hover to cruise flight using the proposed flight control algorithm, substantially reducing required propulsive power in cruise of up to 64%. The application of the control algorithm made notable a transition manoeuver that consists of negatively inclining the aircraft at a negative pitch angle, initially at high intensity, and as the final cruising speed approaches, the inclination is attenuated until the equilibrium pitch angle is reached. Simultaneously with the negative inclination of the pitch angle, there is a slight drop in altitude, which is quickly resumed as the trajectory develops until the final cruising speed. Lastly, this aircraft configuration can be widely used in applications where performance gains in operations currently carried out by multicopters, which cover large distances and need long flight time, would bring great operational advantages.
Mitigation and Preparedness of Pet Owners During Disasters
Authors: Moslehi Shandiz , Sayfouri Nasrin , Narimani Sajjad , Tavan Asghar
Published: October 2024

There are numerous challenges for pet owners in developing countries before, during, and after disasters, comprising poor communication between pet owners and veterinarians for periodic pet check-ups, lack of necessary equipment, lack of proper disaster evacuation training, and a proper shelter to be considered for pets during periods of disasters. In the present letter, a variety of measures and recommendations have been provided, which can be kept in mind throughout the entire disaster management cycle to prevent pet loss.
Leveraging Telemedicine for Disaster Response: Longitudinal Study on Return-to-Work Programs During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Kurnianto Arie Arizandi , Amer Faten , Putri Ananda Dellina , Nemeskéri Zsolt , Ágoston István
Published: October 2024

Objective

Since COVID-19, Indonesia has legalized telemedicine in medical services, including Return to Work (RTW). RTW programs help occupational injury-disabled workers return to work. This research examines how telemedicine supports RTW for employees with occupational injuries.

Methods

The study used Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) to find patterns and trends in RTW program telemedicine case numbers and claim settlements over time. A total of 1 314 data were obtained from the Indonesian National Social Security Agency on Employment (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) from July 1, 2015, to December 2022.

Results

Telemedicine reduces the frequency of recurrent occupational injuries in persons with impairments (Relative Risk [RR] = 0.59). In addition, the integration of telemedicine into health care practices exhibits promising prospects in terms of mitigating the financial burden on social security programs. This is supported by a robust RR (0.6).

Conclusions

Telemedicine reduced the number of repeat cases and optimized medical claims cost in the RTW program during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results will contribute to policy and assist health care professionals and employers in improving RTW outcomes for disabled people.
Constitutional Overhaul, the War in Gaza, and the Puzzle of Civic Mobilization in Israel
Authors: Shinar Adam
Published: October 2024

Much has been written on the constitutional overhaul in Israel, and the attendant constitutional crisis in the first nine months of 2023. Since October 7, however, with the breakout of the Israel-Gaza war, the overhaul was seemingly shelved. This Article seeks to connect both events, by comparing the legal-political response to the overhaul with the legal-political response to the war. It asks why, given the intensity of the protest movement generated by the overhaul, there was a dearth of protest activity after the war, even though both events implicated similar values, namely the rule of law and individual rights, championed by the protest movement. I argue that a central reason for the disparity cannot only be explained by the dynamics of war but also due to the tensions and complexities inherent in Israel’s self-professed constitutional identity as a Jewish and democratic state. In particular, I argue that anti-overhaul protests appealed to liberal universalist values to garner bipartisan support, with the effect of bypassing substantive issues such as the occupation of the Palestinian Territories and discrimination faced by Israeli Palestinians. This explains the lack of Arab participation in the protests, as many perceived them to be an internal Jewish Affair. Thus, when post-war repressive measures mostly affected Israeli Palestinians, the protest movement failed to rally in their support. Although anti-overhaul protests could have brought about greater liberal consolidation in Israel, the relative lack of post-war mobilization casts lingering doubts on the possibility of long-term consolidation of liberal values in Israel. Attempts to depoliticize the protests, while perhaps successful in warding off the overhaul, and though impressive on their own, have likely failed in instilling deeper, more resilient, liberal values in Israel.
The Polish version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form (ERQ-S): Psychometric properties, Polish norms and relationships with psychopathology and well-being
Authors: Larionow Paweł , Mudło-Głagolska Karolina , Preece David A.
Published: October 2024

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form (ERQ-S) is a brief 6-item self-report measure of two emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. It is a short form of the most widely used emotion regulation measure in the field, but currently there are limited data on the performance of the ERQ-S. The aim of this study was to introduce a Polish version of the ERQ-S, examine its psychometric properties and provide Polish norms to aid score interpretation. Our sample was 574 Polish-speaking adults aged 18–69 from the general community in Poland. We examined the ERQ-S’s factor structure and measurement invariance with confirmatory factor analysis. We assessed the concurrent validity of the questionnaire via relationships with psychopathology symptoms and well-being. As expected, the Polish version of the ERQ-S demonstrated strong factorial validity with a theoretically congruent 2-factor structure (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression factors), which was invariant across gender, age and education categories. The ERQ-S’s concurrent validity and internal consistency reliability were good. As expected, cognitive reappraisal was significantly associated with lower psychopathology symptoms and higher well-being, whereas the opposite pattern was present for expressive suppression. Overall, the Polish version of the ERQ-S has strong psychometric properties and good clinical relevance.
Gauge Theory Without Principal Fiber Bundles
Authors: Gomes Henrique
Published: October 2024

In general relativity, the strong equivalence principle is underpinned by a geometrical account of fields on spacetime, by which all fields and bodies probe the same geometry. This geometric account implies that the parallel transport of all spacetime tensors and spinors is dictated by a single affine connection. No similar account of gauge theory is put forward by standard textbooks, which use principal bundles to coordinate the parallel transport of different, interacting particles. Nonetheless, here I argue that gauge theory does afford such a geometric account, obviating the need for principal bundles.
Rethinking the Coloniality of Race: Blood Purity and the Politics of Periodization
Authors: SALGADO ISAAC GABRIEL
Published: October 2024

The coloniality of power stands as a major framework for theorizing race within the context of Latin America, providing an influential account of the origin of race in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Without abandoning the task of theorizing the ways in which race functions in Latin America, this article asks: what is obscured by an insistence on 1492 as the moment when race emerged, and what different understandings of race can be made available by connecting the colonization of the Americas to a different set of temporal and spatial referents? Specifically, I develop a “prismatic” approach to analyze the impact of fifteenth-century Iberian blood purity statutes on the development of race without positing these as the new, singular origin of race. This article thus suggests an alternative genealogy of racialization while providing a critical engagement with the coloniality of power’s account of race.
Neoproterozoic passive margin formation and evolution during the Rodinia–Gondwana supercontinent cycle at the eastern margin of the West African Craton
Authors: Kwayisi Daniel , Amponsah Prince Ofori , Agra Naa Afi , Nunoo Samuel , Thompson Joseph , Kazapoe Raymond Webrah , Anani Chris Yao , Asiedu Daniel , Nude Prosper M.
Published: October 2024

Petrographical and geochemical data from the Togo structural unit (TSU), also referred to as the Atacora structural unit, are presented together with the existing dataset; geochemical and age data from the sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks from the passive margin sequences of the Dahomeyide belt in Ghana to infer their provenance and depositional setting and expand the discussion on the Rodina–Gondwana supercontinent assembly during the Pan-African orogeny. The metasedimentary rocks of the TSU are quartzites and phyllites. The framework grains of the quartzites consisting dominantly of quartz and small amounts of feldspar grains and relict lithic fragments classify them as quartz arenite, subarkose and sublitharenite. Generally, the studied rocks show similar rare-earth element and multi-element patterns, which imply derivation from similar sources. Elemental ratios, including (La/Lu)N, Th/Sc and La/Sc, suggest sediments sourced from intermediate to felsic rocks. Provenance and depositional setting indicators of the TSU suggest deposition in a passive margin setting, with the West African and Amazonian cratons’ granitoids and granitic gneisses as possible provenance, akin to siliciclastic rocks of the Buem structural unit and the Voltaian Supergroup of the Volta Basin. The deformational history of the TSU is similar to those of the Buem structural unit and the eastern margin of the Voltaian Supergroup, indicating the effect of the Pan-African orogeny on the passive margin of the Dahomeyide belt. We, therefore, propose the formation and evolution of a Neoproterozoic passive margin unit, which was tectonically deformed during the Rodinia–Gondwana supercontinent cycle.
Between Empire and State: Haudenosaunee Sovereignty at the League of Nations
Authors: Alba Reeve Kate
Published: October 2024

In 1923, Haudenosaunee leader Deskaheh Levi General traveled to Geneva and launched a campaign for Indigenous statehood at the League of Nations. Drawing on a not-so-distant imperial past, the campaign was a novel attempt to use international law to assert Indigenous sovereignty. The Haudenosaunee claim hinged on a seemingly impossible conceit: that an independent native polity might persist within the borders of a settled state. The League of Nations’ primary institutional frameworks for grappling with other such problematic sovereignties were minority treaties and the mandate regime. But the Haudenosaunee case, which hinged on the persistence rather than the novelty of sovereignty, fit within neither paradigm. Their campaign illuminates a larger crisis of legal legibility that characterized Indigenous-settler relations from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. By reading Indigenous history into international legal history, this paper shows how Haudenosaunee people leveraged older norms of imperial relationality in their engagements with international law. In doing so, it revises a persistent genealogical account of the history of Indigenous human rights in favor of a more capacious narrative of Indigenous internationalism.
Sampling volumes in powder diffraction experiments
Authors: Noyan M. Alican , Noyan I. Cevdet
Published: October 2024

We present a simple analytical formalism based on the Lorentz-Scherrer equation and Bernoulli statistics for estimating the fraction of crystallites (and the associated uncertainty parameters) contributing to all finite Bragg peaks of a typical powder pattern obtained from a static polycrystalline sample. We test and validate this formalism using numerical simulations, and show that they can be applied to experiments using monochromatic or polychromatic (pink-beam) radiation. Our results show that enhancing the sampling efficiency of a given powder diffraction experiment for such samples requires optimizing the sum of the multiplicities of reflections included in the pattern along with the wavelength used in acquiring the pattern. Utilizing these equations in planning powder diffraction experiments for sampling efficiency is also discussed.
Child maltreatment and executive function development throughout adolescence and into young adulthood
Authors: Clinchard Claudia , Casas Brooks , Kim-Spoon Jungmeen
Published: October 2024

Child maltreatment impacts approximately one in seven children in the United States, leading to adverse outcomes throughout life. Adolescence is a time period critical for the development of executive function, but there is little research examining how abuse and neglect may differently affect the developmental trajectories of executive function throughout adolescence and into young adulthood. In the current study, 167 adolescents participated at six time points from ages 14 to 20. At each time point, adolescents completed behavioral tasks measuring the three dimensions of executive function (working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility). Neglect and abuse in early life (ages 1–13) were reported at ages 18–19. Unconditional growth curve models revealed age-related improvement in all three executive function dimensions. Conditional growth curve models tested the prospective effects of recalled neglect and abuse on the developmental trajectories of executive function. The results revealed that neglect was associated with developmental changes in working memory abilities, such that greater levels of neglect during ages 1–13 were associated with slower increases in working memory abilities across ages 14–20. These findings highlight the adverse consequences of early neglect experiences shown by delayed working memory development during adolescence into young adulthood.