bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Effects of Induction Heating on a Submerged Hollow Cylindrical Element
Authors: Shami Umar Tabrez , Shami Tabrez Aslam
Published: October 2024

This article proposes an induction heating element that addresses heat transfer and thermal homogenization while being fully submerged in a liquid, specifically focusing on heating of water as a case study. The design calculations, fabrication, and realization of a resonant induction heating system that heats the proposed heating element are presented. The geometric shape of proposed heating element is a hollow cylinder that maintains structural strength while delivering required thermal energy because of an external time‐varying magnetic field. Detailed mathematical modeling of the proposed heating element's equivalent electric circuit has been presented while considering physical parameters including diameter, thickness, height, material properties, magnetic field frequency, and skin effect. A laboratory scale prototype of the induction heating system including the proposed heating element has been built, and experiments have been demonstrated. The experimental results of the working induction heating resonant inverter and RLC resonant circuit inductance and capacitance with induction load are presented. Additionally, the results of thermographic images and temperature–time profile of the water sample, which was heated using the proposed heating element, are provided to demonstrate the heating element's reliability and practicality. This research contributes to the field of induction heating technology by investigating a heating element that is submerged in a liquid medium, resulting in a uniform temperature distribution throughout the liquid. The conventional method of heating water in a stainless steel cup‐shaped container is an inefficient heat transfer process. In stainless steel cup‐shaped containers, a portion of the energy input used to boil the water is lost to the environment through the surface area of the container that is not in direct contact with the water. This heat loss occurs due to the container's design, which exposes a large surface area to the surrounding environment, allowing thermal energy to dissipate through conduction, convection, and radiation.
Relationship Between Evolutionary Diversity and Aboveground Biomass During 150 Years of Natural Vegetation Regeneration in Temperate China
Authors: Tian Qilong , Zhang Xiaoping , Wang Miaoqian , He Jie , Xu Xiaoming , He Liang , Yi Haijie , Wang Haojia
Published: October 2024

While the link between plant species diversity and biomass has been well‐studied, the impact of evolutionary diversity on community biomass across long timescales or ongoing change remains a subject of debate. We elucidated the association between evolutionary diversity and community aboveground biomass (AGB) using an ideal experimental system with over 150‐year history of natural vegetation regeneration. Higher phylogenetic diversity facilitated the sampling effect under the influence of environmental filtering, and caused an increase in AGB. Phylogenetic structure varied from aggregation to dispersion during the later period of vegetation recovery (70–150 years), which was correlated with increases in niche complementarity and increasing AGB. Woody plant evolutionary diversity was used as a key to predict the relationship between vegetation recovery and AGB, with a total explanatory power of ~84.7%. Mixed forests composed of evergreen conifers and deciduous broadleaf forests had higher carbon sequestration potential than that of pure forests, which is advantageous for increasing top‐stage AGB. This research expands our knowledge of the causes and effects of biodiversity and ecosystem function dynamics over time and space, which is important for accurately predicting future climate change effects.
An Invasion Risk Assessment of Alien Woody Species in Potential National Park Sites in Xinjiang, China, Under Climate Change
Authors: Zhang Fei‐Xue , Li Hong‐Li , Wan Ji‐Zhong
Published: October 2024

The invasion of alien woody species may have broad ecological, economic, and health impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity under climate change. Previous studies showed that disrupting the biodiversity conservation mechanisms in protected areas can seriously threaten natural ecosystems and the protection of rare and endangered species in such protected areas. However, there is currently no standard for evaluating the invasion risk of woody plants under climate change when establishing national parks in China. Therefore, we used a species distribution model to evaluate the invasion risk of 250 invasive alien woody species in potential national park sites in Xinjiang under climate change. The results indicated that the probability of forest invasion in the potential Altai Kanas National Park was determined to be significantly higher than that of the average level in Xinjiang nature reserves, both under current and future climate conditions. At the same time, the probability of invasive woody species invading coniferous forests, broad‐leaved forests, and grassland ecosystems is higher in the Altai Kanas and Tianshan potential national parks. We found that Acer negundo, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Amorpha fruticose in potential parks in Xinjiang have higher invasion potential and thus require heightened vigilance to stop their spread. This study contributes to the monitoring and management of national parks and provides an actionable foundation for protecting ecosystem functions and minimizing the potential risk of invasive alien species under climate change.
From Pb‐based MAPbI3−xClx to Pb‐free FASnI3−xClx and CsSbCl4 derivatives fabrication in atmospheric conditions for optoelectronic and solar cell applications
Authors: Kamruzzaman M. , Hossain Md. Faruk , Zapien J. Antonio , Karim A. M. M. Tanveer , Das H. N. , Helal M. A.
Published: October 2024

MAPbI3 is the most attractive perovskite, but toxicity and instability issues hinder its commercial applications. Stability can be improved by halide mixing; however, Pb‐free perovskites are designed to alleviate the toxicity and to enable green photovoltaics (PVs). To this end, MAPbI3‐xClx, FASnI3‐xClx and CsSbCl4 films are deposited by spay pyrolysis technique in atmospheric conditions. SEM images demonstrated that through this process, high quality film fabrication is possible. Color of the precursor solutions changes with stirring time. High crystallinity and existence of mixed‐phases are confirmed by XRD analysis. Compositions greatly impact the morphology and optical properties. Value of α is larger than 105 cm−1 for all films. Band gaps of FASnI3‐xClx and CsSbCl4 are 1.46 eV and 1.52 eV, which are more suitable for PVs, optoelectronic applications than MAPbI3‐xClx (Eg = 1.59 eV). The efficiency was obtained as 16.34%, 9.90%, and 13.08% for deposited MAPbI3‐xClx, FASnI3‐xClx, and CsSbCl4 films. The lower efficiency can further be enhanced by optimizing parameters, and in this study it was found as 20.78%, 11.93%, and 18.02%. Theoretical calculations show the films can easily produce O2 by a strong oxidation process. Thus, the favorable characteristics of FASnI3‐xClx and CsSbCl4 make alternative Pb‐free perovskites for PV, electronic, and optoelectronic applications.

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A distributed load balancing architecture based on in‐band network telemetry
Authors: Li Mingfa , Shi Huiling , Tan Lizhuang , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2024

A data center (DC) is supposed to efficiently distribute the bandwidth of the network to provide high‐quality traffic transmission. However, the load imbalance issue can easily occur due to the complex topology and traffic features. Equal‐Cost Multi‐Path(ECMP) distributes traffic on different paths but doesn't consider network congestion. Although HULA solved some of ECMP's problems, it can easily congest the best path. RPS randomly distributes packets across multiple paths, potentially causing packet reordering in certain scenarios. This paper presents DHLB, a distributed hop‐by‐hop load balancing architecture based on in‐band network telemetry. With active In‐band network telemetry, DHLB gathers essential load information and systematically records it in a load information table. DHLB distributes traffic proportionally on different paths based on their load degree. We build a fat tree topology on mininet to verify the performance of our design. Experimental results indicate that DHLB outperforms other schemes regarding average Flow Completion Time (FCT). It also performs better on additional overhead than another probe‐based scheme.
Incorporating multiracial and multiethnic experiences into genetic counseling practice and research: A necessary opportunity
Authors: Lowe Chenery , Gomez‐Stafford Justin , Martschenko Daphne O.
Published: October 2024

The conflation of race and genetic ancestry can have harmful consequences. Biological conceptualizations of race have long been used to justify inequities and distract from social structures that afford opportunities to some that are unjustly denied to others. Despite recent efforts within the scientific community to distinguish between the sociopolitical constructs of race and ethnicity and the biological constructs of genetic ancestry and genetic similarity, their conflation continues to influence genomic research and its translation into clinical care. One overlooked aspect of this problematic conflation is the extent to which discrete monoracial and monoethnic categorization systems persist and perpetuate unequal benefit‐sharing in the clinical translation of genomic technologies. In genetic service delivery, reliance on discrete racial and ethnic categories undermines the clinical translation of genomic technologies for large segments of the global population. For multiracial and multiethnic individuals, who have complex identities that defy discrete categorization systems, the potential benefits of genomic discoveries are especially elusive. Scholars have recently begun to call for the inclusion of multiracial, multiethnic, and admixed individuals in race, ethnicity, and ancestry frameworks in genetics and genomics. However, little work has been done to explore and address the unique challenges and opportunities posed by multiracial/multiethnic individuals in genetic counseling specifically. We discuss how conceptualizing diversity along discrete racial and ethnic lines perpetuates inequitable patient care and limits efforts to increase inclusion and belonging within genetic counseling. Moreover, we argue that ongoing efforts to mitigate racial inequity must actively challenge the paradigm of monoracial and monoethnic categories to accomplish their goal.
Emergence of IGH::CCND1 rearrangement and mutations in TP53, BTK, and BCL2 associated with therapy resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Wei Qing , Fang Hong , Jing James M. , Segura‐Rivera Roman , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Wang Wei
Published: October 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an indolent low‐grade B‐cell neoplasm that generally responds well to treatment. Rarely, CLL cases exhibit an IGH::CCND1 rearrangement, presenting a diagnostic challenge in distinguishing between clonal evolution within CLL and an independent mantle cell lymphoma. We report a case of CLL with the emergence of an IGH::CCND1 rearrangement and mutations associated with treatment resistance, including TP53, BTK, and BCL2, during disease progression. Immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular analyses support that these alterations are secondary events within the CLL clone. This case demonstrates dynamic clonal selection and expansion in response to treatments, which, in turn, contributes to treatment resistance.
In this lifetime: A narrative inquiry examining older, Black, same‐gender‐loving male couples’ relationship resiliency and longevity
Authors: Ferguson Alfonso L. , Johnson Marlon , Rose Breon , Landrum DaeQuawn
Published: October 2024

This narrative inquiry examines the humanistic experiences of three Black, same‐gender‐loving (SGL) male couples to understand what contributes to their resiliency and longevity. Through quare theory as an analytical frame for thematic analysis, findings highlighted storytellers’ eras of assimilation, respect, and wisdom as tools for fostering relationship resiliency and longevity. Counseling practitioners, educators, and researchers are encouraged to broach and avoid reductionist viewpoints when cultivating belongingness and improving and maintaining connections with this population.
MRI at low field: A review of software solutions for improving SNR
Authors: Ayde Reina , Vornehm Marc , Zhao Yujiao , Knoll Florian , Wu Ed X. , Sarracanie Mathieu
Published: October 2024

Low magnetic field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ( < 1 T) is regaining interest in the magnetic resonance (MR) community as a complementary, more flexible, and cost‐effective approach to MRI diagnosis. Yet, the impaired signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) per square root of time, or SNR efficiency, leading in turn to prolonged acquisition times, still challenges its relevance at the clinical level. To address this, researchers investigate various hardware and software solutions to improve SNR efficiency at low field, including the leveraging of latest advances in computing hardware. However, there may not be a single recipe for improving SNR at low field, and it is key to embrace the challenges and limitations of each proposed solution. In other words, suitable solutions depend on the final objective or application envisioned for a low‐field scanner and, more importantly, on the characteristics of a specific low field. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on software solutions to improve SNR efficiency at low field. First, we cover techniques for efficient k‐space sampling and reconstruction. Then, we present post‐acquisition techniques that enhance MR images such as denoising and super‐resolution. In addition, we summarize recently introduced electromagnetic interference cancellation approaches showing great promises when operating in shielding‐free environments. Finally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches that could provide directions for future applications.
Energy optimal path planning for wheeled mobile robots with circular obstacle
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Singh Tarunraj
Published: October 2024

The energy optimal motion planning algorithm for a differential drive robot with a circular obstacle in the maneuver space is introduced in this article. Rather than the traditional unicycle model, a non‐canonical state space model of the kinematics of a wheeled mobile robot is used to formulate the optimal control problem. The necessary conditions for optimality are formally derived using calculus of variations, resulting in constraints for the costates when the inequality constraint become active, revealing that the controls are required to be continuous. The optimality conditions permit decomposing the motion planning problem in two independent segments: prior to and after activation of the inequality constraints. Analytical expressions for the evolving states and control are found to be a function of Jacobi elliptic functions, permitting reducing the optimal control problem to a root‐finding problem. A comprehensive parametric study is included to demonstrate the impact on the optimal trajectories by varying the radius of the obstacle. The study shows that there are three distinct maneuver strategies with respect to the size of the obstacle. Furthermore, by including entering and exit time as optimization variables, a methodology for generalizing the development to any given motion scenario is developed and numerically illustrated.
The dharma of work: Cracking the code to social sustainability puzzle for the future of human resources
Authors: Kumari Alka , Singh Manvendra Pratap
Published: October 2024

The growing awareness of social sustainability and employee experiences has gained significant global organizational attention toward socially sustainable issues, mainly due to the sudden surge in resignations, strikes, elevated job stress, and depression in the Indian manufacturing sector. Despite organizational efforts to address these challenges, a notable gap persists in understanding the influence of socially sustainable strategies on employee well‐being and organizational sustainability. Hence, this research aims to fill that void by identifying and ranking strategies for achieving sustainable development from a holistic angle. The triangulation method is employed in this study as a validation strategy, reinforcing the credibility of the findings. This study utilizes a hybrid approach that integrates the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to enhance accuracy and dependability in identifying and prioritizing critical social strategies. A literature review and FDM are used to create initial strategies, which are subsequently prioritized through the FAHP method to determine their relative significance. Eight strategies aligned with sustainable development goals are identified, with “improving employee well‐being” deemed most crucial, followed by “improving diversity, equity, and inclusion” and “equipping leaders with empathy.” The study illustrates how these social practices advance the development of sustainable business models by improving organizational culture, fostering future competencies, and promoting human‐centered leadership. This study offers managerial insights for managers striving to align organizational objectives with global sustainability aims. Organizations may leverage the identified factors for strategic planning to establish a resilient foundation capable of enduring the challenges of a dynamic market environment.
Recent Advances in Developing High‐Performance Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries based on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Materials
Authors: Fu Yonghuan , Dong Yulian , Shen Yonglong , Zhao Huaping , Shao Guosheng , Lei Yong
Published: October 2024

Owing to the low potential (vs K/K+), good cycling stability, and sustainability, carbon‐based materials stand out as one of the optimal anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, achieving high‐rate performance and excellent capacity with the current carbon‐based materials is challenging because of the sluggish reaction kinetics and the low capacity of carbon‐based anodes. The doping of nitrogen proves to be an effective way to improve the rate performance and capacity of carbon‐based materials as PIB anode. However, a review article is lacking in systematically summarizing the features and functions of nitrogen doping types. In this sense, it is necessary to provide a fundamental understanding of doped nitrogen types in nitrogen‐doped(N‐doped) carbon materials. The types, functions, and applications of nitrogen‐doped carbon‐based materials are overviewed in this review. Then, the recent advances in the synthesis, properties, and applications of N‐doped carbon as both active and modification materials for PIBs anode are summarized. Finally, doped nitrogen's main features and functions are concluded, and critical perspectives for future research in this field are outlined.
Leveraging Soft Acid‐Base Interactions Alters the Pathway for Electrochemical Nitrogen Oxidation to Nitrate with High Faradaic Efficiency
Authors: Singh Robin , Biswas Ashmita , Barman Narad , Iqbal Muzaffar , Thapa Ranjit , Dey Ramendra Sundar
Published: October 2024

Electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction (N2OR) offers a sustainable alternative to the conventional methods such as the Haber–Bosch and Ostwald oxidation processes for converting nitrogen (N2) into high‐value‐added nitrate (NO3−) under mild conditions. However, the concurrent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and inefficient N2 absorption/activation led to slow N2OR kinetics, resulting in low Faradaic efficiencies and NO3− yield rates. This study explored oxygen‐vacancy induced tin oxide (SnO2‐Ov) as an efficient N2OR electrocatalyst, achieving an impressive Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 54.2% and a notable NO3− yield rate (22.05 µg h−1 mgcat−1) at 1.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in 0.1 m Na2SO4. Experimental results indicate that SnO2‐Ov possesses substantially more oxygen vacancies than SnO2, correlating with enhanced N2OR performance. Computational findings suggest that the superior performance of SnO2‐Ov at a relatively low overpotential is due to reduced thermodynamic barrier for the oxidation of *N2 to *N2OH during the rate‐determining step, making this step energetically favorable than the oxygen adsorption step for OER. This work demonstrates the feasibility of ambient nitrate synthesis on the soft acidic Sn active site and introduces a new approach for rational catalyst design.
Mechanical and Ionic Characterization for Organic Semiconductor‐Incorporated Perovskites for Stable 2D/3D Heterostructure Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Jiaonan , Penukula Saivineeth , Li Muzhi , Hosseinzade Mona Rasa , Tang Yuanhao , Dou Letian , Rolston Nicholas
Published: October 2024

Hybrid metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials, while being promising for photovoltaic technology, also encounter challenges related to material stability. Combining 2D MHPs with 3D MHPs offers a viable solution, yet there is a gap in the understanding of the stability among various 2D materials. The mechanical, ionic, and environmental stability of various 2D MHP ligands are reported, and an improvement with the use of a quater‐thiophene‐based organic cation (4TmI) that forms an organic‐semiconductor incorporated MHP structure is demonstrated. It is shown that the best balance of mechanical robustness, environmental stability, ion activation energy, and reduced mobile ion concentration under accelerated aging is achieved with the usage of 4TmI. It is believed that by addressing mechanical and ion‐based degradation modes using this built‐in barrier concept with a material system that also shows improvements in charge extraction and device performance, MHP solar devices can be designed for both reliability and efficiency.
In Situ TEM Imaging Reveals the Dynamic Interplay Between Attraction, Repulsion and Sequential Attraction‐Repulsion in Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Zulfiqar Abid , Honkanen Mari , Nonappa  , Vippola Minnamari
Published: October 2024

Recent efforts on manipulating metal nanoparticles (NPs) using an electron beam have offered new insights into nanoparticle behavior, structural transition, and the emergence of new properties. Despite an increasing understanding of the dynamics of electron beam‐induced coalescence of NPs, several phenomena are yet to be investigated. Here, we show that repulsion between two NPs is as favorable as coalescence under electron beam irradiation at room temperature. Using small‐sized (D ≈ 5.9 nm) and large‐sized (D ≈ 11.0 nm) gold (Au) NPs, and different electron dose rates, a unique sequential attraction‐repulsion between NPs is disclosed. The real‐time in situ transmission electron microscopy imaging suggest that at a low dose rate, two small‐sized AuNPs with 1.0 nm particle–particle distance undergo repulsion to 18 nm with a diffusion rate of 0.4 nm min−1. For large‐sized AuNPs, the repulsion rate is 0.08 nm min−1 at a low dose rate and is comparable to that of small‐sized AuNPs at a high dose rate. Surprisingly, large‐sized AuNPs at a high electron dose rate displayed attraction in the first 15 min, followed by rapid repulsion. This unique sequential attraction‐repulsion behavior of NPs offers possibilities to manipulate interparticle distance and properties without inducing dimensional changes for advanced photonic and plasmonic nanodevices.
The world according to the project
Authors: Aal Erik B. W.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to address the communicative reality of projects, which has an organisational and interactional component. I argue that projects can either be seen as organisation‐bound projects which are differentiated subsystems that progress along the decision premises of the organisation or as operationally closed projects with boundary‐constituting decisions (autopoietic projects). These two types of projects operate with fundamentally different world constructs. The analysis of the case study accounts of four papers shows that with Luhmann's conceptual framework, we can make a significant contribution to the explanation of ‘contextuality’, the understanding of the role of interaction systems in the functioning of projects and organisations in general, as well as the modelling of the relational dynamic between organisations and their projects.
Ecological Implications of Seasonal Variations in Physicochemical Parameters and Phytoplankton Community in an Effluent‐Receiving Wetland in the Gulf of Guinea, Cameroon
Authors: Djouego Charleine Sob , Neculina Anyinkeng , Egbe Awo Miranda , Tabot Pascal Tabi , Ambo Fonge Beatrice
Published: October 2024

Physicochemical parameters, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, and phytoplankton community structure were assessed in the Wouri estuarine mangrove sector of the Douala Bassa Industrial Zone of Cameroon over two seasons. Three sets of water samples were collected from 10 sites for these analyses. Some physicochemical parameters were measured in situ using multiparameter equipment (HANNA 8289). The data were subjected to analyses of significant difference by an independent sample t‐test. Correlation and principal component analysis conducted between variables Temperature, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), resistivity, and turbidity showed a strong seasonal variation among sites. Mean Chl a concentration (3.7–48.29 µg/L for dry and 0.1–20.1 µg/L for rainy season) revealed that most sites were eutrophic, with the Euglenophycean index less than 1 in all the sites. Phytoplankton species richness exhibited seasonal and spatial variation, with a total of 74 taxa and 51 taxa for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. The division Bacillariophyta was the most abundant, with 19 families and 24 species during the dry season and 17 families and 16 species during the rainy season. Other phytoplankton divisions present included Chlorophyta > Cyanophyta > Charophyta > > Myzozoa > Euglenophyta in the dry season; the less diverse divisions in the rainy season were Rhodophyta > Cryptophyta > Xanthophyta > Euglenophyta. High concentrations of nutrients and the presence of eutrophic species such as Microcystis aeruginosa suggest pollution and a need to monitor activities carried out along the water course with respect to the quantity and quality of industrial effluents discharged into the stream. The observed eutrophication explains the noxious odor across the city of Douala, especially during the dry season. The human health implications could be severe, with communities dependent on this contaminated stream for fish and other necessities a scenario that repeats itself in communities dependent on urban wetlands in industrial zones globally.
Weekend warriors: contrasting temporal patterns in the harvest of three species of boreal ungulates
Authors: Miller Hannah A. , Peers Michael J. L. , Jung Thomas S.
Published: October 2024

Understanding the drivers that shape hunter behaviour and success can help guide management decisions regarding hunting. Although there has been work on the socioeconomic and environmental drivers of hunter effort, less quantitative analysis of the temporal patterns of wildlife harvest has been available. Yet, knowing when hunters are most active may be useful for distributing the spatiotemporal allotment of hunting opportunities where real or perceived issues of hunt quality (e.g. hunter congestion) or negative impacts to local people or target and non‐target wildlife species are of concern. As a case study, we used generalized linear models to examine the effect of season, day of week (i.e. weekday versus weekends), and holidays on 26–28 years of harvest data for bison Bison bison, thinhorn sheep Ovis dalli, and moose Alces americanus in Yukon, Canada. These species are important in regional socioecological systems and highly prized by local hunters. For all three species, harvest was significantly greater on weekends than weekdays. Most of the harvest for thinhorn sheep occurred early in the season, consistent with an ‘opening day' phenomenon, whereas that for moose and bison started slowly and increased throughout the season. For all three species harvest was not significantly influenced by holidays. Bison harvest, however, was influenced in relation to public school holidays, with harvest decreasing over the winter (Christmas) break and increasing over spring break in March. Differences between these three species are likely due to species‐specific hunting strategies, the behaviour of each species, hunter competition, and seasonal climate. Identifying patterns in hunter effort and harvest can inform wildlife management decisions on permit allocation. However, our data indicate that species‐specific patterns vary substantially, even in the same region, and need to be understood for proposed changes to the timing of hunting opportunities to be effective.
Die Inanspruchnahme ophthalmologischer Notaufnahmen nimmt zu
Authors: Seitz I. P. , Zarzo Vargas M. , Strasser T. , Nasyrov E. , Bartz-Schmidt K. U.
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund

Die zunehmende Überlastung von Notaufnahmen aller Fachdisziplinen ist eine der drängendsten Herausforderungen unserer Zeit im Gesundheitswesen. Über die Frage, inwieweit dieses Problem auch die tertiäre Notfallversorgung der deutschen Augenheilkunde betrifft, ist allerdings wenig bekannt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Das Ziel dieser Studie ist, einen fundierten Beitrag zur Entwicklung der Notfallzahlen im tertiären Sektor (spezialisierte Hochschulambulanz) in der deutschen Augenheilkunde zu leisten. Daraus lässt sich die Notwendigkeit ableiten, neue Steuerungs- und Triagemechanismen für die Augenheilkunde zu entwickeln.

Material und Methoden

Retrospektiv wurden > 140.000 Notfallbehandlungen an der Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen im Zeitraum vom 01.01.2010 bis zum 31.12.2023 analysiert. Subanalysen wurden durchgeführt um den Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie sowie Unterschiede zwischen Vorstellungen am Wochenende und unter der Woche zu quantifizieren. Zusätzlich wurde im Jahr 2022 eine Fragebogenerhebung zum Zuweiserstatus von Notfallvorstellungen in Randzeiten und am Wochenende durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Die Zahl der Notfallkonsultationen hat sich zwischen 2010 und 2023 mehr als verdoppelt und an Wochenenden mehr als verdreifacht. Die für die Versorgungssicherheit relevante Spitzenlast ist in gleichem Maße angestiegen. Langfristig ist eine Verschiebung der Notfallbehandlungen von den Kern- zu den Randzeiten zu beobachten, insbesondere an den Wochenenden. Die Mehrzahl der Konsultationen (bis zu 87 %) erfolgte ohne ärztliche Überweisung. Im Jahr 2023 haben die Behandlungszahlen wieder das Niveau vor Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie erreicht.

Diskussion

Die Notfallambulanz der Universitäts-Augenklinik ist zunehmend einer Doppelbelastung ausgesetzt: Einerseits Versorgung von Notfällen mit fachärztlicher Überweisung und gleichzeitig als Auffangbecken für allgemeine Notfälle. Um langfristig eine gute Versorgung zu gewährleisten, sind neue Steuerungs- und Triagemechanismen dringend erforderlich.
Proficiency in bariatric surgery may shorten the learning curve for minimally-invasive D2 gastrectomy
Authors: Flemming Sven , Kollmann Lars , Widder Anna , Backhaus Joy , Lock Johan Friso , Nickel Felix , Wierlemann Alexander , Wiegering Armin , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Seyfried Florian
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Evidence from Asian studies suggests that minimally-invasive gastrectomy achieves equivalent oncological but improved perioperative outcomes compared to open surgery. Oncological gastric resections are less frequent in European countries. Index procedures may play a role for the learning curve of minimally-invasive gastrectomy. The aim of our study was to evaluate if skills acquired in bariatric surgery allow a safe and oncologically adequate implementation of minimally-invasive gastrectomy in a cohort of european patients.

Methods

In this single-center retrospective study, all patients who received primary bariatric surgery between January 2015 and December 2018 and minimally-invasive surgery for gastric cancer treated from June 2019 to January 2023 were evaluated. Primary endpoints were operation time, lymph node yield and lymph node fractions. Secondary endpoints included postoperative complications and oncological outcomes.

Results

Learning curves for two surgeons with 350 bariatric procedures and 44 minimally-invasive gastrectomies were analyzed. For bariatric surgery, the mean operation time decreased from initially 82 ± 27 to 45 ± 21 min and 118 ± 28 to 81 ± 36 min for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), while the complication rate remained within the international benchmark. For laparoscopic gastrectomy (n = 30), operation times decreased but then remained stable over time. Operation times for the robotic platform were longer (302 ± 60 vs. 390 ± 48 min; p < 0.001) with the learning curve remaining incomplete after 14 procedures. R0 status was achieved in 95.5% of patients; the mean number of lymph nodes retrieved was 37 ± 14 with no differences between the groups. Complete mesogastric excision was more frequently achieved during the later laparoscopic cases whereas it occurred earlier for the robotic group (p = 0.004). Perioperative morbidity was comparable to the European benchmark. Textbook outcome was achieved in 54.4% of the cases.

Conclusion

In summary, we could demonstrate a successful skill transfer from bariatric surgery to minimally-invasive laparoscopic oncological gastric surgery enabling safe and oncologically adequate minimally-invasive D2 gastrectomy in a central European patient collective.
Distance Relativism and the Limits of Moral Assessment: Fricker and Williams
Authors: Gray David Miguel
Published: October 2024

Distance relativism (Williams, 1975, 1985) can be distinguished from other ethical relativisms in two ways. First, moral assessment is appropriate between contemporary societies and those of the recent past. Second, where moral assessment is not appropriate, the distance relativist practices quietism. Fricker (2010) critiques Bernard Williams’s (1975, 1985) distance relativism, claiming it fails to deliver the intended results regarding which societies we can appraise. Here, I address Fricker’s critique and present a novel interpretation of Williams’s idea of ‘outlooks,’ showing that Fricker’s criticisms are not insurmountable.
A new model for tracing interest: the growth cycle of interest framework
Authors: Tan Aik Lim , Gillies Robyn , Jamaludin Azilawati
Published: October 2024

Motivation is an interdisciplinary concept which encompasses various theories, concepts and frameworks. This paper aims to bring various motivational theories together, with interest development at its core, to develop a more streamlined framework of interest development. Interest is believed to play a vital role in student learning, and this “Growth cycle of interest” framework aims to provide a deeper understanding of interest development in the context of education. This paper begins with a brief overview of major motivational theories, synthesising them into the Growth Cycle of Interest framework, which is then exemplified through case studies.
New Comer in the Bakery Store: A Long-Term Exploratory Study Toward Design of Useful Service Robot Applications
Authors: Song Sichao , Baba Jun , Okafuji Yuki , Nakanishi Junya , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

In this study, we report a 6-month empirical study on a service robot deployed in a bakery shop. Recently, potential applications of service robots have been increasingly explored. However, further empirical knowledge is required to determine the optimal approach to design service robots for useful applications. We also address “usefulness” from two perspectives: the effects of a robot on customers’ shopping behavior and the practical benefits the robot could provide for human workers in its working environment. The results show that our robot achieved long-term effects on product recommendations for customers who visited the bakery store on a regular basis (weekly) but not for other customers. A thematic analysis of the interviews reflected the practical values that the staff expected from the robot. Based on these findings, we we outline key considerations for designing effective long-term service robot applications.
Polyphenols and metabolism: from present knowledge to future challenges
Authors: Quesada-Vázquez Sergio , Eseberri Itziar , Les Francisco , Pérez-Matute Patricia , Herranz-López María , Atgié Claude , Lopez-Yus Marta , Aranaz Paula , Oteo José A. , Escoté Xavier , Lorente-Cebrian Silvia , Roche Enrique , Courtois Arnaud , López Víctor , Portillo María Puy , Milagro Fermin I. , Carpéné Christian
Published: October 2024

A diet rich in polyphenols and other types of phytonutrients can reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases. However, a well-established cause—and—effect association has not been clearly demonstrated and several other issues will need to be fully understood before general recommendations will be carried out In the present review, some of the future challenges that the research on phenolic compounds will have to face in the next years are discussed: toxicological aspects of polyphenols and safety risk assessment; synergistic effects between different polyphenols; metabotype-based nutritional advice based on a differential gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols (precision nutrition); combination of polyphenols with other bioactive compounds; innovative formulations to improve the bioavailability of phenolic compounds; and polyphenols in sports nutrition and recovery.Other aspects related to polyphenol research that will have a boost in the next years are: polyphenol and gut microbiota crosstalk, including prebiotic effects and biotransformation of phenolic compounds into bioactive metabolites by gut microorganisms; molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and quantum and molecular mechanics studies on the protein–polyphenol complexes; and polyphenol-based coating films, nanoparticles, and hydrogels to facilitate the delivery of drugs, nucleic acids and proteins.In summary, this article provides some constructive inspirations for advancing in the research of the applications, risk assessment and metabolic effects of dietary polyphenols in humans.
Solving industrial fault diagnosis problems with quantum computers
Authors: Diedrich Alexander , Windmann Stefan , Niggemann Oliver
Published: October 2024

In this article, we investigate in how far quantum computers can be leveraged to solve NP-complete fault diagnosis problems within the area of industrial cyber-physical systems. Therefore, two approaches are proposed which exploit quantum computing to solve diagnosis problems: The first method employs Grover’s algorithm, and the second is based on the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm. To show the industrial application, we present an integrated approach to learn the diagnosis model from process data, check whether the model is suitable, and use it for diagnosis. The result is a method for quantum industrial fault diagnosis. For this approach, the diagnostic capabilities and the runtime have been evaluated on an IBM Falcon processor using three publicly available benchmarks from the process industry. Further, the scaling between quantum computers and classical PCs has been analyzed.
The Impact of Healthcare Pressures on the COVID-19 Hospitalisation Fatality Risk in England
Authors: Mellor Jonathon , Jones Owen , Ward Thomas
Published: October 2024

Background

As the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic extends into 2023 and beyond, the treatment and outcomes of infected patients continues to evolve. Unlike earlier in the pandemic there are now further infectious disease pressures placed on hospitals, which influence patient care and triage decisions.

Methods

The manuscript uses individual patient records linked with associated hospital management information of system pressure characteristics to attribute COVID-19 hospitalisation fatality risks (HFR) to patients and hospitals, using generalised additive mixed effects models.

Results

Between 01 September 2022 and 09 October 2023, the COVID-19 hospitalisation fatality risk in England was estimated as 12.71% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.53%, 12.88%). Staff absences had  an adjusted odds ratio of 1.038 (95% CI 1.017, 1.060) associated with the HFR when accounting for patient and hospital characteristics.

Interpretation

This observational research presents evidence that a range of local hospital effects can have a meaningful impact on the risk of death from COVID-19 once hospitalised and should be accounted for when reporting estimates. We show that both the patient case mix and hospital pressures impact estimates of patient outcomes.
Norwegian pre-service teachers’ understanding of reflective rehearsals and democratic citizenship education: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Haukanes Sigrid
Published: October 2024

Implementing democratic citizenship across disciplines in education requires careful consideration of how pre-service teachers are prepared to translate this concept into classroom practice. This study investigates Norwegian pre-service teachers’ understanding of reflective rehearsals as a model in teacher education for enhancing awareness of democratic citizenship education. Findings from focus group interviews with 24 participants reveal some opportunities offered by reflective rehearsals as a model for bridging theory and practice in teacher education. Reflective rehearsals are understood as a safe space for making fruitful errors, attempting change and developing professional judgement. Pre-service teachers express an increasing sense of ownership over their formation as becoming teachers. However, certain challenges are also discussed. Firstly, understanding democratic citizenship primarily as individual knowledge is problematic in teacher education, as it may separate pre-service teachers’ knowledge from their experience. Secondly, explicit dialogue concerning the connection between practice and educational purposes is needed. This article argues that reflective rehearsals could become a foundation for exploring the intersection of practice, theory and purpose, if this connection is made explicit and framed critically in teacher education.
Extending the blended generalized extreme value distribution
Authors: Krakauer Nir Y.
Published: October 2024

The generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is commonly employed to help estimate the likelihood of extreme events in many geophysical and other application areas. The recently proposed blended generalized extreme value (bGEV) distribution modifies the GEV with positive shape parameter to avoid a hard lower bound that complicates fitting and inference. Here, the bGEV is extended to the GEV with negative shape parameter, avoiding a hard upper bound that is unrealistic in many applications. This extended bGEV is shown to improve on the GEV for forecasting heat and sea level extremes based on past data. Software implementing this bGEV and applying it to the example temperature and sea level data is provided.
Deep learning for ocean temperature forecasting: a survey
Authors: Zhao Xingyu , Qi Jianpeng , Yu Yanwei , Zhou Lei
Published: October 2024

Ocean temperature prediction is significant in climate change research and marine ecosystem management. However, relevant statistical and physical methods focus on assuming relationships between variables and simulating complex physical processes of ocean temperature changes, facing challenges such as high data dependence and insufficient processing of long-term dependencies. This paper comprehensively reviews the development and latest progress of ocean temperature prediction models based on deep learning. We first provide a formulaic definition for ocean temperature prediction and a brief overview of deep learning models widely used in this field. Using data sources and model structures, we systematically divide ocean temperature prediction models into data-driven deep learning models and physically guided deep learning models; and comprehensively explore the relevant literature involved in each method. In addition, we summarize an ocean temperature dataset and sea areas, laying a solid foundation for ocean temperature prediction. Finally, we propose current challenges and future development directions in ocean temperature prediction research based on deep learning. This article aims to analyze existing research, identify research gaps and challenges, provide complete and reliable technical support for climate forecasting, marine disaster prevention, and fishery resource management, and promote the further development of ocean temperature research.
Data augmentation in human-centric vision
Authors: Jiang Wentao , Zhang Yige , Zheng Shaozhong , Liu Si , Yan Shuicheng
Published: October 2024

This survey presents a comprehensive analysis of data augmentation techniques in human-centric vision tasks, a first of its kind in the field. It delves into a wide range of research areas including person ReID, human parsing, human pose estimation, and pedestrian detection, addressing the significant challenges posed by overfitting and limited training data in these domains. Our work categorizes data augmentation methods into two main types: data generation and data perturbation. Data generation covers techniques like graphic engine-based generation, generative model-based generation, and data recombination, while data perturbation is divided into image-level and human-level perturbations. Each method is tailored to the unique requirements of human-centric tasks, with some applicable across multiple areas. Our contributions include an extensive literature review, providing deep insights into the influence of these augmentation techniques in human-centric vision and highlighting the nuances of each method. We also discuss open issues and future directions, such as the integration of advanced generative models like Latent Diffusion Models, for creating more realistic and diverse training data. This survey not only encapsulates the current state of data augmentation in human-centric vision but also charts a course for future research, aiming to develop more robust, accurate, and efficient human-centric vision systems.
Turbulent Flows
Authors: Pope Stephen B.
Published: October 2024

This is a graduate text on turbulent flows, an important topic in fluid dynamics. It is up-to-date, comprehensive, designed for teaching, and is based on a course taught by the author at Cornell University for a number of years. The book consists of two parts followed by a number of appendices. Part I provides a general introduction to turbulent flows, how they behave, how they can be described quantitatively, and the fundamental physical processes involved. Part II is concerned with different approaches for modelling or simulating turbulent flows. The necessary mathematical techniques are presented in the appendices. This book is primarily intended as a graduate level text in turbulent flows for engineering students, but it may also be valuable to students in applied mathematics, physics, oceanography and atmospheric sciences, as well as researchers and practising engineers.