bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ICBEMP: Terrestrial Species and Habitats
Authors: Raphael Martin G. , Marcot Bruce G. , Holthausen Richard S. , Wisdom Michael J.
Published: April 2024

The assessment of interior Columbia basin terrestrial species compared prehistoric, historical, and current terrestrial environments and plant and animal communities and looked closely at habitat changes that would affect sensitive vertebrates. We then projected three management scenarios and estimated future distributions of forest cover and other habitat elements on the viability of plant and animal populations. Amount the implications for biodiversity conservation strategies: identifying and managing groups of species with similar ecological functions may be more effective than managing individual keystone species. The assessment also revealed gaps in our scientific knowledge of biodiversity in the region.
A Summary of SAF's Comments on ICBEMP
Authors: Hill Larry
Published: April 2024

Five local units of the Society of American Foresters reviewed the ICBEMP documents. A reading of their comments reveals common issues: that ICBEMP prescribes standards that will limit local managers' flexibility, that implementation of those standards will be expensive in both time and money, and that the potential consequences to local communities are not adequately or accurately described.
A Decision Support System for the Menominee Legacy Forest
Authors: Wood D. Brent , Dewhurst Stephen M.
Published: April 2024

Managers of the Menominee Tribe's reservation timberlands determined that one third of the tribal forest could be converted to more productive and valuable tree species. With Northern Arizona University, they developed a decision support system to devise a schedule for implementing the conversion. This comprehensive planning tool coordinates conversion activities with other management so that general tribal goals for both harvest and forest structure are accomplished forestwide. The planning problems faced by the Menominee in defining the desired future state of their forest and developing strategies for achieving it are representative of problems faced by forest managers throughout North America.
Emerging Agroforestry Opportunities in the Upper Midwest
Authors: Josiah Scott J. , Kemperman Jerry
Published: April 2024

Agroforestry, the integration of trees and shrubs into agricultural systems, is thriving in the upper Midwest because of changing farm economics, new plant materials, useful research results, and growing markets for specialty forest products. Shelterbelts, riparian zones, living snow fences, and short-rotation plantations all create opportunities for environmentally friendly profit. Agroforestry's transdisciplinary nature requires partnerships, however, and although more landowners are practicing agroforestry, today's scattered installations need to be integrated into a systems approach if agricultural landscape management is to improve.
Community Forestry, Defined
Authors: Brendler Thomas , Carey Henry
Published: April 2024

The new discipline of community forestry links sustainable forestry to community wellbeing. Although community forestry has been practiced for many years in the developing world, it did not emerge in the United States until relatively recently. Community forestry efforts, which have been undertaken most visibly in rural areas, combine conservation with economic development and cultural values to benefit the local population.
Development or Dependency? Sustaining Alabama's Forest Communities
Authors: Bliss John C. , Walkingstick Tamara L. , Bailey Conner
Published: April 2024

Comparison of two forest-dependent communities in Alabama illustrates how prospects for sustainable development are shaped by history, social structure, prevailing pattern of resource ownership, and forest industrial sector structure. Opportunities appear stronger if a community's forest products industry is diversified and entrepreneurial spirit is strong. Conversely, simply recruiting forest industry will not lead to sustainable development and might, in the absence of sound policy, actually impede it. Truly sustainable development requires expanding people's opportunities and protecting and enhancing the natural resource base on which those opportunities are built.
Reforestation of Flooded Farmland: Policy Implications from the Mississippi River Delta
Authors: Amacher Gregory S. , Sullivan Jay , Shabman Len , Zepp Laura , Grebner Don
Published: April 2024

Environmental concerns have spurred interest in reforesting frequently flooded farmland in the Mississippi Delta. A comparison of land-owners' returns from agriculture and forest production shows that on many sites, Nuttall oak and cottonwood can be more profitable than soybeans. Reforestation can also affect the regional economy. If timber processing expands, the economic benefits of reforestation are greater than those generated under soybean production for some sites. The results of this study have policy implications for targeting subsidies for reforestation in the Delta--and in other regions where farmers who reforest may represent the next important source of timber.
The Effects of Harvesting Practices on West Virginia's Wood Supply
Authors: Fajvan Mary Ann , Grushecky Shawn T. , Hassler Curt C.
Published: April 2024

The status of West Virginia's timber resource was assessed by comparing preharvest and postharvest stand structures of 99 recent harvests. Stands were classified according to silvicultural practice and their potential for production of high-quality sawlogs. Results indicate that West Virginia's forest owners focus on extracting sawtimber. Only 27 stands could sustain another commercial sawlog harvest in the current rotation. Because local demand for low-grade logs and pulpwood is increasing, in the next forest rotation there exist opportunities for landowners to abandon diameter-limit sales in favor of more productive, managed forests.
The Politics of Wildfire: Lessons from Yellowstone
Authors: Lichtman Pamela
Published: April 2024

Land managers and ecologists generally agree that the 1988 fires in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem were an ecologically important part of a natural disturbance pattern and that little could have been done to stop them. For policymakers, however, the fires were a major public relations failure. Land managers and ecologists need to understand how citizens' and politicians' view of wildfire as a crisis can undermine the stability of natural resource agencies, then find ways to build support for natural fire.
Uneven-Aged Management in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Emmingham Bill
Published: April 2024

Naturally occurring uneven-aged stands are uncommon in the productive Douglas-fir region west of the Cascade crest. Eastside, unmanaged interior forests are multistoried with multiple species but overstocked to the point of instability. Lacking both good natural models and reliable experience with uneven-aged forests, regional silviculturists will need many decades to develop and maintain productive uneven-aged stands. With interest in silvicultural alternatives to even-aged management of Pacific Northwest forests increasing dramatically, better how-to information is badly needed.
Silviculture for Structural Diversity: A New Look at Multiaged Systems
Authors: O'Hara Kevin L.
Published: April 2024

Movement away from even-aged silviculture and toward maintenance of continuous cover and structural diversity has generated renewed interest in two-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural systems. New approaches for multiaged stands suggest managers can achieve many goals with systems that integrate the structural features associated with natural disturbance processes with systems that are simpler than the uneven-aged silviculture of the past. The result is flexible systems for designing and implementing diverse stand structures for many objectives, including biodiversity. An understanding of forest stand dynamics and landscape ecology is a prerequisite.
The Adirondacks: Ecosystem Partners of the Northwest Flow
Authors: Luzadis Valerie A. , Thill Mary K.
Published: April 2024

In the northwest corner of Adirondack Park in New York State, foresters meet informally with landowners to share ideas and tools for problem solving -- and not incidentally help increase public understanding of forestry. In the long run, such forums should yield better results than costly and contentious political advocacy and enable foresters to impart their scientific and technical expertise. Members of the Adirondack Nature Conservancy have no less compelling reasons to take this approach to conservation.
The Edge of the Cut: Implications for Wildlife Populations
Authors: Temple Stanley A. , Flaspohler David J.
Published: April 2024

Forest edges created by management practices are the stage for complex ecological interactions. Traditionally, foresters and wildlife managers have viewed the creation of forest edges as a win-win situation because certain favored species -- namely game -- benefited. But recent reevaluations of edge effects have resulted in a different conclusion: that when viewed as landscape features, forest edges also threaten biological diversity.
Multiple Use in the National Forests: Rise and Fall or Evolution?
Authors: Gorte Ross W.
Published: April 2024

Multiple use, as established by Congress and practiced by USDA Forest Service, has evolved as the guiding principle for national forest management. Concerns, philosophical developments, and congressional debates continue. Is today's ecosystem management an extension of multiple use, or a change in direction that warrants legislative sanction? SAF has an opportunity and a responsibility to help shape the future by participating in and influencing those changes.
Rationale for a National Annual Forest Inventory Program
Authors: Gillespie Andrew J. R.
Published: April 2024

The USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is changing to an annual inventory system that will operate at reduced intensity simultaneously in all states every year. This system will provide annual inventory updates in all parts of the country every year, and will make it easier for partners (mainly state forestry agencies) to collaborate in program planning and implementation. The change has significant implications for traditional and new users of the national inventory system.
Analytical Alternatives for an Annual Inventory System
Authors: Roesch Francis A. , Reams Gregory A.
Published: April 2024

Methods for analyzing data from the Southern Annual Forest Inventory System (SAFIS) are discussed. Differences between the annual inventory approach and the more traditional periodic approach require that we revisit the previous assumption that there are no important spatial and temporal trends in the data. Over the next few years, the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station will be evaluating models of varying complexity to determine the most efficient estimation approach for each variable, at all spatiotemporal scales of interest.
Forest Survey Sampling Designs: A History
Authors: Frayer W. E. , Furnival George M.
Published: April 2024

Extensive inventories of forested lands in the United States were begun in the early part of the 20th century, but widespread, frequent use was not common until after World War II. Various sampling designs have been tried; some have proved efficient for estimating certain parameters but not others. Some designs, though efficient in many respects, have been abandoned because of their complexity Others, while possibly not demonstrating high efficiency, have been adopted because of their simplicity. This is a history of these applications.
Multistage Remote Sensing: Toward an Annual National Inventory
Authors: Czaplewski Raymond L.
Published: April 2024

Remote sensing can improve efficiency of statistical information. Landsat data can identify and map a few broad categories of forest cover and land use. However, more-detailed information requires a sample of higher-resolution imagery, which costs less than field data but considerably more than Landsat data. A national remote sensing program would be a major undertaking, requiring unprecedented partnerships between federal programs and stakeholders.
Third-Party, Performance-Based Certification: What Public Forestland Managers Should Know
Authors: Mater Catherine M. , Sample V. Alaric , Grace James R. , Rose Gerald A.
Published: April 2024

Two state forests and one county forest have completed pilot programs testing verification of sustainable forest management by outside organizations. Among other goals, each agency wanted to assure citizens that their forests were well managed and to create models for nonindustrial private forestlands. All three agencies' performance was certified, and areas marked for improvement had already by targeted by staff. The certifed then evaluated the certifiers and found them generally professional and technically competent, if occasionally unrealistic. Reaction from environmental organizations, which are cautious about promoting certification for public lands, has been mixed.
Gypchek: Biological Insecticide for the Gypsy Moth
Authors: Podgwaite John D.
Published: April 2024

Responding to concerns over the use of chemical pesticides, the USDA Forest Service has developed narrow host-range products for the control of forest pests. Among them is Gypchek, a viral Pesticide for gypsy moths, but its future availability is not assured. If the private sector will not produce a safe and useful pesticide because the market is unstable, some other approach toward developing such products and making them available is needed. A federal center may be necessary to research biopesticides, transfer technology to the private sector, and develop, register, produce, and market those products that industry will not.
The Evolving Use of Insecticides in Gypsy Moth Management
Authors: Liebhold Andrew , McManus Michael
Published: April 2024

The gypsy moth, an exotic defoliating insect, persists in the United States despite 100 years of attempts at eradication and management using many insecticides. Efforts to eliminate the pest in the Northeast eventually gave way to containment and suppression strategies using broad-spectrum, persistent insecticides. Those products have since been replaced by biologically based technologies that have fewer environmental impacts. With continued expansion of the gypsy moth into the South and Midwest--and with valuable forests at risk--there are renewed efforts to slow its spread with environmentally acceptable insecticides and to eradicate isolated outbreaks in new habitats far from the infested area.
The Certification Model for Forestry in Bolivia
Authors: Nittler John B. , Nash Daniel W.
Published: April 2024

Bolivia, a landlocked country with high transportation costs, has embraced FSC certification as a way of boosting its timber exports, which often consist of species unfamiliar to buyers in the Northern Hemisphere. Certification costs have been largely institutionalized through aggressive policy and organizational reforms that impose similar technical standards on all forest products companies, certified or not, and recognize voluntary certification as a legitimate mechanism to evaluate concession compliance.
The Second Committee of Scientists: Moving Forward While Looking Backward
Authors: Cooper Arthur W.
Published: April 2024

The author, who chaired the first Committee of Scientists, appointed in 1977, finds that Sustaining the People's Lands offers thoughtful recommendations about the issues that are central to public acceptance of forest management. Perhaps more valuable than any of its proposed revisions to the planning process, however, is its call for clarification of policy. At some point, and the author hopes it will be soon, Congress and the pressure groups representing environmental and industry interests must together ask, What is the best thing for the country?
The New Question
Authors: Stahl Andy
Published: April 2024

In the eyes of Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics, the Forest Service has contravened the spirit of the National Forest Management Act by harping on the costs of environmental protection and biodiversity values. With its emphasis on ecological sustainability, the Committee of Scientists may at least change the issue, from the price of timber to the cost to our natural heritage.
The Planning Process: Panacea or False Hope?
Authors: Nygren Harold T.
Published: April 2024

A former Forest Service planner who knows first-hand the challenges of making decisions under the current regulations finds that if the committee of Scientists' recommendations are followed, planning will occur almost continually over several spatial levels as new information and decisions surface. The proposed process is inclusive and idealistic, but the changes will likely increase the cost and time of developing plans and make it difficult to win public acceptance and obtain adequate funding. Decision makers will still have to choose among strongly held values, and if compromise proves elusive, the process will become irrelevant.
Public Involvement and Dispute Resolution Courses in Natural Resources Schools
Authors: Harmon William J. , McKinney Matthew J. , Burchfield James A.
Published: April 2024

In a survey of SAF-accredited natural resources schools, 36 of 40 educators said natural resource professionals need more training in public involvement and dispute resolution, and 96 percent of respondents said such training was important" or "essential." Despite budgetary and staff constraints, the number of SAF-accredited schools offering specific courses in these topics has grown dramatically, from a reported three in 1992 to 15 in 1997. At most schools, these topics also have been incorporated into already-required courses on policy, planning, and management. The authors describe a model course in public involvement and conflict resolution and list resources for educators.
Employment and Education in Forestry: National Perspectives, North Carolina Trends
Authors: Cubbage Frederick W. , Jervis Larry G. , Smith P. Gregory
Published: April 2024

A comparison of data on the first jobs of one university's forestry graduates with national data on members of the foresters' professional association points to some trends in forestry employment. Compared with older alumni and with Society of American Foresters members as a whole, recent graduates from North Carolina State University are taking fewer positions with federal agencies and in land management, but more consulting jobs and specialized procurement or environmental services positions. Graduates with advanced degrees are finding more career opportunities than bachelor's-degree foresters. To prepare their graduates for future employment, forestry education programs need to reflect regional differences in employment.
Professional Forestry Education in New York: An Old Lesson, a New Model
Authors: Bentley William R.
Published: April 2024

A lesson of 100 years ago guides the forestry program at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry: forestry is value-driven and science-based. This leads to a goal of educating professionals to be problemsolvers and leaders and, as a consequence, lifelong learners. Recent changes in the professional program are driven by internal accountability, responses to the needs of potential students and their future employers, and shifts toward external funding.
THE FORESTER'S LEVER: INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY & WOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: Wernick I.K. , Waggoner P.E. , Ausubel J.H.
Published: April 2024

Despite increases in the nation's population, affluence, and timber removals, US forest area has remained constant and timber inventory has risen 30 percent since 1952. Industrial ecology, which analyzes the flow of timber through systems of production and consumption, seeks to explain how that happened; it also shows the leverage that consumers, millers, and foresters have to reduce harvested area and continue the rebirth of the American forest. Changes in demand by consumers, wood utilization by millers, and management by foresters can help conserve forests for uses other than timber. Of the three actors, however, foresters can exert the most leverage—by increasing the growth rate of trees.
Perspective: The Perennial Challenge for Forestry: Sustaining Biological Capital
Authors: Pinchot P.
Published: April 2024

Averting a catastrophic decline in biodiversity is the most significant challenge to sustainability that the forestry profession has faced in the past century. It will take the kind of bold and visionary leadership that Gifford Pinchot and Teddy Roosevelt brought to building the public lands system 100 years ago.
The Forest Bank ™: An Experiment in Managing Fragmented Forests
Authors: Dedrick Jason P. , Hall Troy E. , Hull IV R. Bruce , Johnson James E.
Published: April 2024

As the trend toward smaller parcels of land continues, many of the values associated with forestland are at risk. The Forest Bank ™, an ecosystem-based approach to forest management on private lands in southwestern Virginia, points to a potential new direction in forest management. Sponsored by The Nature Conservancy, this program attempts to blend economic and ecological objectives into an effort that will appeal to private landowners.
Harvest Restriction: An Analysis of New Capital Expenditures in the Pacific Northwest and the South
Authors: Guan Hongshu , Munn Ian A.
Published: April 2024

The short-term response of the forest products industry to harvest restrictions in the Pacific Northwest has been to shift harvesting to other regions. However, the long-term response is not yet clear. New capital expenditure patterns in the Pacific Northwest and the South provide insight into the industry's long-term intentions. Southern investment increased significantly after the harvest restrictions were imposed. Pacific Northwest investment has been declining over time, but no significant shifts occurred after restrictions were imposed.
Foresters' Roles in Remote Sensing
Authors: Olson Charles E. , Weber Frederick P.
Published: April 2024

Foresters have played central roles in the development of today's remote sensing techniques. They were among the pioneers in research leading to advances in many of the methods and tools used in this field. Since the early 20th century, foresters have been working with remote sensing technology in private industry, universities, and government agencies. Just as important as the technique themselves is the ability to use them wisely; guidelines are offered to avoid some common pitfalls.
Facing Difficult Questions Can the SAF Code of Ethics Help?
Authors: Coufal James E.
Published: April 2024

By calling ourselves professionals, we foresters expose ourselves to the scrutiny of our fellow citizens. In the interests of creating a stronger, more defensible basis for forestry, we need to explore issues that arise from our Code of Ethics. Is it enough for us, as individuals, to practice "sound forestry," or do we need to go further? Have we fully examined the scientific basis of that sound forestry, or do we fall back on conventional wisdom and false dichotomies that divide us from the public we have pledged to serve?
Restoring Bottomland Hardwood Ecosystems in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley
Authors: Stanturf John A. , Gardiner Emile S. , Hamel Paul B. , Devall Margaret S. , Leininger Theodor D. , Warren Melvin E.
Published: April 2024

Programs to restore southern bottomland hardwood forests to the floodplains of the Mississippi have been tested on federal land and are now being applied to private holdings. The initial goals were to provide wildlife habitat and improve water quality, but other benefits--possible income from biomass and carbon credits--may make restoration cost-effective, even for small landowners. One challenge is finding the right mix of tree species that are adapted to soil saturation and root anoxia, can be planted and managed economically, and will produce a closed canopy and complex structure quickly. Bringing back the understory is another challenge.
Restoring Forest Ecosystems: The Human Dimension
Authors: Hull R. Bruce , Gobster Paul H.
Published: April 2024

Why should society restore forest ecosystems? What kinds of restorations are likely to succeed socially as well as ecologically? How do we maintain the volunteer force needed to implement and maintain restoration projects? Scholars are beginning to address these questions and finding that human dimensions are key to the successful implementation and maintenance of restoration projects. We recommend making clear the range of benefits resulting from restoration, negotiating ecologically sound and socially acceptable alternatives, and creating volunteer communities that sustain projects over the long run.
How to Estimate Carbon Sequestration on Small Forest Tracts
Authors: Hoover C.M. , Birdsey R.A. , Heath L.S. , Stout S.L.
Published: April 2024

International climate change agreements may allow carbon stored as a result of afforestation and reforestation to be used to offset CO2 emissions. Monitoring the carbon sequestered or released through forest management activities thus becomes important. Estimating forest carbon storage is feasible even for nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) owners, and the necessary tools are available. We developed a methodology for estimating forest carbon storage at the management unit scale and tested the impacts of hypothetical management scenarios on carbon sequestration over time. We demonstrate the procedure on two military installations in the southeastern United States and discuss some practical considerations.
Sequestering Carbon and Improving Soils: Benefits of Mulching and Incorporating Forest Slash
Authors: Sanchez F.G. , Eaton R.J.
Published: April 2024

Restoring the carbon and nutrient capital of degraded soils is an important goal for forest land managers in the southern United States. Models and preliminary field studies on loblolly pine indicate that incorporating slash into forest soil improves nutrients and carbon accumulation. Model simulations describe the potential to sequester carbon in soil, biomass, and wood products. The anticipated increases in carbon sequestered provide an opportunity for significant mitigation of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Moreover, the changes in soil properties, including better aeration, improved the environment for seedling survival and growth.
Measuring Forest Restoration Effectiveness in Reducing Hazardous Fuels
Authors: Fulé P.Z. , Waltz A.E.M. , Covington W.W. , Heinlein T.A.
Published: April 2024

Forest restoration treatments of thinning young trees followed by prescribed burning in north-western Arizona led to significantly lower stand density, lower crown fuel load, and higher crown base height than untreated stands. Simulated fire under extreme weather conditions caused 48 percent more canopy burning and higher flame lengths, heat/area, and rate of spread in untreated stands. Wind speeds required for passive crown fire (torching) were twice as high in treated stands. Treated stands were highly heterogeneous, but restoration treatments clearly enhanced crown-fire resistance.
Social Complexity and the Management of Small-Diameter Stands
Authors: Findley A.J. , Carroll M.S. , Blatner K.A.
Published: April 2024

The disposition of small-diameter forest stands is linked to forest health, ecological restoration, and timber harvest–highly contentious issues without public or technical consensus. We present results of a qualitative social assessment focusing on small-diameter stand management on the Colville National Forest in northeastern Washington to illustrate social complexity embedded in the decisions that confront forest managers. The discussion is broadened to suggest that the social complexity inherent in small-diameter stand management is an issue that must be confronted throughout the West (and to some extent the entire country), as increasing emphasis is placed on forest restoration on public lands.
Nontimber Forest Benefits and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Barany M. , Hammett A.L. , Sene A. , Amichev B.
Published: April 2024

The HIV/AIDS epidemic is drastically reducing the agricultural workforce of sub-Saharan Africa, threatening household food security and the food supply throughout the region. Forests contribute to household nutrition and health and therefore should be considered in efforts to mitigate the socioeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS on rural agrarian households. Because little reference to forests and forest products exists in the literature concerned with the coping mechanisms of HIV/AIDS–affected households, we intend to draw attention to the importance of forest-based research in the context of these coping strategies.
Extension in Oregon: Educational Leadership for Sustainability
Authors: Reed A.S.
Published: April 2024

Numerous public and private forestry organizations in Oregon work in educational partnership. Through its extension program, Oregon State University provides educational leadership statewide through more than 25 faculty members who collectively implement goals resulting from a comprehensive strategic planning process. New annual initiatives emerge from needs-based assessments that frequently use innovative tools and strategies leading to durable core programs. Sustainable forestry on private land continues to be a major goal through development of new policies and organizations.
People and Trees: Assessing the US Urban Forest Resource
Authors: Nowak D.J. , Noble M.H. , Sisinni S.M. , Dwyer J.F.
Published: April 2024

Urban areas in the conterminous United State doubled in size between 1969 and 1994, and currently cover 3.5 percent of the total land area and contain more than 75 percent of the US population. Urban areas contain approximately 3.8 billion trees with an average tree canopy cover of 27 percent. The extent and variation of urban forests across the 48 states are explored to help build a better understanding of this significant national resource. Urbanization and urban forests are likely to be a significant focus of forestry in the 21st century.
Point Relascope Sampling: A New Way to Assess Downed Coarse Woody Debris
Authors: Gove J.H. , Ducey M.J. , Ståhl G. , Ringvall A.
Published: April 2024

This article presents a practical review of one of two recently developed methods for sampling downed coarse woody debris in forest stands. The method discussed here, point relascope sampling, is closely related to the familiar horizontal point sampling and this relationship is demonstrated throughout. Formulas, worked examples, and guidelines for the field implementation of the technique are presented.
Autopsy of a Forestry Ballot Initiative: Characterizing Voter Support for Oregon's Measure 64
Authors: Kline J.D.
Published: April 2024

On November 3, 1998, Oregon voters soundly rejected a ballot initiative intended to promote sustainable forestry practices and protect forest ecosystems by restricting clearcut logging and herbicide and pesticide use. We found that initiative support was greater in more urban counties composed of more educated residents earning higher incomes and with higher proportions of registered Democrats. Opposition was strongest in counties composed of higher proportions of forest industry employees and native-born Oregonians. Measure 64 voting data provide an opportunity to examine the potential relationship between the changing socioeconomic landscape and the public's perception of the role of forestry.
Forest Sustainability Discussion Guide Response: Sustainable Forestry: Definition is Long, But Too Narrow
Authors: Kernan H.S.
Published: April 2024

Repeated readings of the February Journal persuade me that the definitions of sustainable forestry, more than the discussions and case studies, have relevance to my forestry in upstate New York and the country's 10 million or so other small private forest ownerships, whose motives and problems are not those of large holdings, public or private.
Riparian Management Practices: A Summary of State Guidelines
Authors: Blinn C.R. , Kilgore M.A.
Published: April 2024

Individual states develop guidelines to protect and manage forest riparian resources. A review of 49 states' forest riparian guidelines revealed the primary focus is to protect the quality of water adjacent to perennial and intermittent streams and lakes. A commonly recommended riparian management zone is 50 feet wide with 50 to 75 percent crown closure (or 50–75 square feet per acre of residual basal area); however, the specific guidelines in each state vary tremendously. Although science cannot specify the management prescriptions needed to protect all riparian functions across all sites, understanding site-specific conditions is critical to effective guideline implementation.
Somatic and intergenerational G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat instability in a human C9orf72 knock-in mouse model
Authors: Kojak Nada , Kuno Junko , Fittipaldi Kristina E , Khan Ambereen , Wenger David , Glasser Michael , Donnianni Roberto A , Tang Yajun , Zhang Jade , Huling Katie , Ally Roxanne , Mujica Alejandro O , Turner Terrence , Magardino Gina , Huang Pei Yi , Kerk Sze Yen , Droguett Gustavo , Prissette Marine , Rojas Jose , Gomez Teodoro , Gagliardi Anthony , Hunt Charleen , Rabinowitz Jeremy S , Gong Guochun , Poueymirou William , Chiao Eric , Zambrowicz Brian , Siao Chia-Jen , Kajimura Daisuke
Published: April 2024

Expansion of a G4C2 repeat in the C9orf72 gene is associated with familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). To investigate the underlying mechanisms of repeat instability, which occurs both somatically and intergenerationally, we created a novel mouse model of familial ALS/FTD that harbors 96 copies of G4C2 repeats at a humanized C9orf72 locus. In mouse embryonic stem cells, we observed two modes of repeat expansion. First, we noted minor increases in repeat length per expansion event, which was dependent on a mismatch repair pathway protein Msh2. Second, we found major increases in repeat length per event when a DNA double- or single-strand break (DSB/SSB) was artificially introduced proximal to the repeats, and which was dependent on the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway. In mice, the first mode primarily drove somatic repeat expansion. Major changes in repeat length, including expansion, were observed when SSB was introduced in one-cell embryos, or intergenerationally without DSB/SSB introduction if G4C2 repeats exceeded 400 copies, although spontaneous HDR-mediated expansion has yet to be identified. These findings provide a novel strategy to model repeat expansion in a non-human genome and offer insights into the mechanism behind C9orf72 G4C2 repeat instability.
Probing the CRL4DCAF12 interactions with MAGEA3 and CCT5 di-Glu C-terminal degrons
Authors: Righetto Germanna Lima , Yin Yanting , Duda David M , Vu Victoria , Szewczyk Magdalena M , Zeng Hong , Li Yanjun , Loppnau Peter , Mei Tony , Li Yen-Yen , Seitova Alma , Patrick Aaron N , Brazeau Jean-Francois , Chaudhry Charu , Barsyte-Lovejoy Dalia , Santhakumar Vijayaratnam , Halabelian Levon
Published: April 2024

Damaged DNA-binding protein-1 (DDB1)- and CUL4-associated factor 12 (DCAF12) serves as the substrate recognition component within the Cullin4–RING E3 ligase (CRL4) complex, capable of identifying C-terminal double-glutamic acid degrons to promote the degradation of specific substrates through the ubiquitin proteasome system. Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGEA3) and T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon (CCT5) proteins have been identified as cellular targets of DCAF12. To further characterize the interactions between DCAF12 and both MAGEA3 and CCT5, we developed a suite of biophysical and proximity-based cellular NanoBRET assays showing that the C-terminal degron peptides of both MAGEA3 and CCT5 form nanomolar affinity interactions with DCAF12 in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, we report here the 3.17 Å cryo-EM structure of DDB1–DCAF12–MAGEA3 complex revealing the key DCAF12 residues responsible for C-terminal degron recognition and binding. Our study provides new insights and tools to enable the discovery of small molecule handles targeting the WD40-repeat domain of DCAF12 for future proteolysis targeting chimera design and development.
Current and future advances in practice: IgG4-related disease
Authors: Wallace Zachary S , Katz Guy , Hernandez-Barco Yasmin G , Baker Matthew C
Published: April 2024

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an increasingly recognized cause of fibroinflammatory lesions in patients of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds and is associated with an increased risk of death. The aetiology of IgG4-RD is incompletely understood, but evidence to date suggests that B and T cells are important players in pathogenesis, both of which are key targets of ongoing drug development programmes. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD requires clinicopathological correlation because there is no highly specific or sensitive test. Glucocorticoids are highly effective, but their use is limited by toxicity, highlighting the need for studies investigating the efficacy of glucocorticoid-sparing agents. B cell-targeted therapies, particularly rituximab, have demonstrated benefit, but no randomized clinical trials have evaluated their efficacy. If untreated or under-treated, IgG4-RD can cause irreversible organ damage, hence close monitoring and consideration for long-term immunosuppression is warranted in certain cases.
Current and future advances in practice: tendinopathies of the hip
Authors: Grimaldi Alison , Mellor Rebecca , Nasser Anthony , Vicenzino Bill , Hunter David J
Published: April 2024

Tendinopathy describes persistent tendon pain and loss of function related to mechanical loading. Two common hip tendinopathies seen in practice are gluteal tendinopathy and proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Both conditions can be frustrating for patients and clinicians due to the delay in diagnosis, significant disability caused and lack of response to common treatments. Tendinopathy is a clinical diagnosis and can most often be made using findings from the patient interview and pain provocation tests, without the need for imaging. Specific education and progressive exercise offer a low-risk and effective option for gluteal tendinopathy and result in greater rates of treatment success than corticosteroid injection, both in the short term (8 weeks) and at 1 year. Proximal hamstring tendinopathy is a common, but less researched, and under-recognized cause of persistent ischial pain. As research on proximal hamstring tendinopathy is limited, this review summarizes the available evidence on diagnosis and treatment following similar principles to other well-researched tendinopathies.
Interview Sequences and the Formation of Subjective Assessments
Authors: Radbruch Jonas , Schiprowski Amelie
Published: April 2024

Interviewing is a decisive stage of most processes that match candidates to firms and organizations. This article studies how and why a candidate’s interview outcome depends on the other candidates interviewed by the same evaluator. We use large-scale data from high-stakes admission and hiring processes, where candidates are quasi-randomly assigned to evaluators and time slots. We find that the individual assessment decreases as the quality of other candidates assigned to the same evaluator increases. The influence of the previous candidate stands out, leading to a negative autocorrelation in evaluators’ votes of up to 40% and distorting final admission and hiring decisions. Our findings are in line with a contrast effect model where evaluators form a benchmark through associative recall. We assess potential changes in the design of interview processes to mitigate contrasting against the previous candidate.
Transcriptional dynamics reveals the asymmetrical events underlying graft union formation in pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
Authors: Mo Zhenghai , Zhang Yan , Hou Mengxin , Hu Longjiao , Zhai Min , Xuan Jiping
Published: April 2024

Grafting is a widely used technique for pecan propagation; however, the background molecular events underlying grafting are still poorly understood. In our study, the graft partners during pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] graft union formation were separately sampled for RNA-seq, and the transcriptional dynamics were described via weighted gene co-expression network analysis. To reveal the main events underlying grafting, the correlations between modules and grafting traits were analyzed. Functional annotation showed that during the entire graft process, signal transduction was activated in the scion, while messenger RNA splicing was induced in the rootstock. At 2 days after grafting, the main processes occurring in the scion were associated with protein synthesis and processing, while the primary processes occurring in the rootstock were energy release-related. During the period of 7–14 days after grafting, defense response was a critical process taking place in the scion; however, the main process functioning in the rootstock was photosynthesis. From 22 to 32 days after grafting, the principal processes taking place in the scion were jasmonic acid biosynthesis and defense response, whereas the highly activated processes associated with the rootstock were auxin biosynthesis and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis. To further prove that the graft partners responded asymmetrically to stress, hydrogen peroxide contents as well as peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase activities were detected, and the results showed that their levels were increased in the scion not the rootstock at certain time points after grafting. Our study reveals that the scion and rootstock might respond asymmetrically to grafting in pecan, and the scion was likely associated with stress response, while the rootstock was probably involved in energy supply and xylem bridge differentiation during graft union formation.
Evolutionary and biogeographic patterns in the deep-sea echinoid families Pourtalesiidae Agassiz 1881 and Ceratophysidae fam. nov. (Echinoidea)
Authors: Minin Kirill V , Mironov Alexandr N , Petrov Nikolay B , Vladychenskaya Irina P
Published: April 2024

The sea urchin family Pourtalesiidae is primarily an abyssal taxon, exhibiting extremely modified morphologies that have emerged as an adaptation for burrowing in soft sediment. Here, we present the first detailed molecular phylogeny of the family Pourtalesiidae. Both morphological and molecular evidence support the establishment of the family Ceratophysidae fam. nov. to accommodate seven former pourtalesiid genera. The name Pourtalesiidae is retained for the group of genera Cystocrepis and Pourtalesia. Based on morphological data, the fossil genus Galeaster is transferred to the monotypic family Galeasteridae fam. nov.. Families Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae are each characterized by a unique pattern of plastron plating. Reconstructions indicate that elongated tests, as well as other adaptations for burrowing, evolved independently in these families. The evolutionary histories of pourtalesiids and ceratophysids are complex and include several instances of increase and decrease in this specialization. Molecular data support the Antarctic origin of Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae, although for the latter the support is limited. The initial dispersal of pourtalesiids from the Antarctic occurred in the northward direction and included distribution of the least specialized forms throughout the eastern Pacific. Broad radiation of the more specialized forms apparently occurred later. The biogeographic history of the family Ceratophysidae is more complex and at present cannot be reconstructed reliably.
Small RNA and Degradome Deep Sequencing Reveal Regulatory Roles of MicroRNAs in Response to Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Infection on Two Contrasting Sugarcane Cultivars
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Huang Cuilin , Pan Kaiyuan , Yao Wei , Xia Rui , Zhang Muqing
Published: April 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential regulatory role in plant-virus interaction. However, few studies have focused on the roles of miRNAs and their targets after sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection in sugarcane. To address this issue, we conducted small RNA (sRNA) and degradome sequencing on two contrasting sugarcanes (SCMV-resistant ‘Fuoguo1’ [FG1] and susceptible ‘Badila’) infected by SCMV at five time points. A total of 1,578 miRNAs were profiled from 30 sRNA libraries, comprising 660 known miRNAs and 380 novel miRNAs. Differential expression analysis of miRNAs revealed that most were highly expressed during the SCMV exponential phase in Badila at 18 h postinfection, with expression profiles positively correlated with virus replication dynamics as observed through clustering. Analysis of degradome data indicated a higher number of differential miRNA targets in Badila compared to FG1 at 18 h postinfection. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis significantly enriched the stimulus-response pathway, suggesting negative regulatory roles to SCMV resistance. Specifically, miR160 upregulated expression patterns and validated in Badila through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the early stages of SCMV multiplication. Our research provides new insights into the dynamic response of plant miRNA and virus replication and contributes valuable information on the intricate interplay between miRNAs and SCMV infection dynamics.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Islr regulates satellite cells asymmetric division through the SPARC/p‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Fan , Cao Yuxin , Wang Xiong , Zhang Kuo , Li Na , Su Yang , Zhang Yali , Meng Qingyong
Published: April 2024

Satellite cells (SCs) are adult muscle stem cells responsible for muscle regeneration after acute and chronic muscle injuries. The balance between stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation determines the kinetics and efficiency of skeletal muscle regeneration. This study assessed the function of Islr in SC asymmetric division. The deletion of Islr reduced muscle regeneration in adult mice by decreasing the SC pool. Islr is pivotal for SC proliferation, and its deletion promoted the asymmetric division of SCs. A mechanistic search revealed that Islr bound to and degraded secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which activated p‐ERK1/2 signaling required for asymmetric division. These findings demonstrate that Islr is a key regulator of SC division through the SPARC/p‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These data provide a basis for treating myopathy.
Creating Space
Authors: Walker Danielle , Frable Pamela Jean , Canclini Sharon
Published: April 2024

Employer-based wellness interventions for health care providers are popular within acute care settings. A new intervention is a resilience room or serenity room, a specialized breakroom designed to promote relaxation. This article describes the implementation of a resilience room in an undergraduate, prelicensure nursing program.
Promoting Retention of Native American Nursing Students: Insights From a Qualitative Study
Authors: Bruce Cody
Published: April 2024

AIM

This qualitative study aimed to identify effective retention strategies for Native American nursing students.

BACKGROUND

Native Americans are underrepresented in nursing and health education programs, comprising only 1.3 percent of the nursing workforce in the United States.

METHOD

A basic qualitative design grounded in self-determination theory was used to solicit narrative accounts from 12 Native American nursing students.

RESULTS

Semistructured interviews revealed three themes: nursing program experience, methods to enhance persistence, and hindrances to persistence. Social support emerged as a critical factor, with participants emphasizing the significance of cultural awareness activities, safety classes, and celebrations fostering a sense of belonging.

CONCLUSION

The study found that social support, financial aid, and cultural awareness are essential for Native American nursing students to succeed. Limited resources and online learning challenges are barriers that need to be addressed. Tailored support systems, financial assistance, and culturally responsive education can enhance retention and success rates.