bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pre-Polarization and Concentration of Cells near Micro-Electrodes Using AC Electric Fields Enhances the Electrical Cell Lysis in a Sessile Drop
Authors: Kaphle Kishor , Nawarathna Dharmakeerthi
Published: January 2025

Cell lysis is the starting step of many biomedical assays. Electric field-based cell lysis is widely used in many applications, including point-of-care (POC) applications, because it provides an easy one-step solution. Many electric field-based lysis methods utilize micro-electrodes to apply short electric pulses across cells. Unfortunately, these cell lysis devices produce relatively low cell lysis efficiency as electric fields do not reach a significant portion of cells in the sample. Additionally, the utility of syringe pumps for flow cells in and out of the microfluidics channel causes cell loss and low throughput cell lysis. To address these critical issues, we suspended the cells in a sessile drop and concentrated on the electrodes. We used low-frequency AC electric fields (1 Vpp, 0–100 kHz) to drive the cells effectively towards electrodes and lysed using a short pulse of 10 V. A post-lysis analysis was performed using a hemocytometer, UV-vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence imaging. The results show that the pre-electric polarization of cells, prior to applying short electrical pulses, enhances the cell lysis efficiency. Additionally, the application of AC electric fields to concentrate cells on the electrodes reduces the assay time to about 4 min. In this study, we demonstrated that low-frequency AC electric fields can be used to pre-polarize and concentrate cells near micro-electrodes and improve cell lysis efficiency. Due to the simplicity and rapid cell lysis, this method may be suitable for POC assay development.
p54-Fc-Labeled Gold Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Strip-Assisted Portable Devices for Rapid and Quantitative Point-of-Care Detection of ASFV Antibodies
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Yuhao , Wang Ziyang , Tong Minglong , Zhu Pengcheng , Deng Juanxian , Li Zongjie , Liu Ke , Li Beibei , Shao Donghua , Zhou Zhongren , Qiu Yafeng , Ma Zhiyong , Wei Jianchao
Published: January 2025

In this study, a novel rapid immunochromatographic (IC) test for African swine fever virus (ASFV) antibodies is presented. An immunochromatographic test (IC) is a detection technique that combines membrane chromatography with immunolabeling. This approach saves time for antibody preparation, resulting in a shorter production cycle. p54 is an important structural protein of African swine fever, and an ideal protein for serotype diagnosis. Gold nanoparticles are attached to the ASFV p54-Fc fusion protein, and the ASFV-specific antigen p54 and Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SPA) are labeled on a nitrocellulose membrane, at positions T and C, respectively. We developed a SPA double sandwich IC test strip, and assessed its feasibility using ASFV p54 and p54-Fc fusion proteins as antigens. ASFV p54 and p54-Fc fusion proteins were expressed and purified. A sandwich cross-flow detection method for p54, which is the primary structural protein of ASFV, was established, using colloidal gold conjugation. Our method can detect ASFV antibodies in field serum samples in about 15 min using a portable colloidal gold detector, demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity (1:320), and the coincidence rate was 98% using a commercial ELISA kit. The dilution of the serum sample can be determined by substituting the absorbance (T-line) interpreted by portable devices into the calibration curve function formula of an African swine fever virus standard serum. In summary, our method is rapid, cost-effective, precise, and highly selective. Additionally, it introduces a new approach for constructing IC test strips using SPA protein without antibody preparation, making it a reliable on-site antibody test for ASFV.
Bridging the Gap: Interventions to Increase Cancer Screening Adherence in Individuals with Mental Disorders—A Systematic Review
Authors: Lombardo Paolo , Mussetto Ilaria , Baccolini Valentina , Di Rosa Enrico , Sinopoli Alessandra
Published: January 2025

Patients with mental illnesses adhere to organized cancer screening programs less frequently than the general population. This systematic review aims to examine the literature to identify studies that evaluate interventions designed to increase cancer screening adherence in people with mental disorders. The review protocol was registered (CRD42024510431) and Pubmed and Scopus were searched up to January 2024. Breast, colorectal, or cervical cancer screening were considered. We adhered to the PROSPERO guidelines. Study quality was assessed. Overall, six articles were included: two RCT studies, two before–after studies, and two cohort studies. Four interventions were conducted in the USA, one in Canada, and one in Japan. Two studies evaluated all three cancer screening programs, two studies evaluated breast cancer screenings, and two studies evaluated colorectal cancer screenings. The proposed interventions included patient navigation, case management, and support from staff members along with educational modules, decision counselling sessions, and enhanced primary care. The most consistent improvements in screening adherence were observed in breast and colorectal cancer screenings compared to usual care, particularly through interventions like patient navigation (colorectal cancer: 47.1% vs. 11.8%, p < 0.001) and case management. Further evaluations of interventions and their costs are still needed.
Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: Mechanisms of Treatment Failure, Treatment Paradigms, and New Horizons
Authors: Barham William T. , Stagg Marshall Patrick , Mualla Rula , DiLeo Michael , Kansara Sagar
Published: January 2025

Background: Head and neck cancer is a deadly disease with over 500,000 cases annually worldwide. Metastatic head and neck cancer accounts for a large proportion of the mortality associated with this disease. Many advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of metastasis. The application of immunotherapy to locally recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer has not only improved oncologic outcomes but has also provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of immune evasion and ultimately treatment failure. Objectives: This review paper will review our current understanding of biological mechanisms of treatment failure and metastasis. Published and ongoing clinical trials in the management of metastatic head and neck cancer will also be summarized. Methods: A narrative review was conducted to address the current understanding of the mechanisms of treatment failure and current treatment paradigms in recurrent and metastatic head and neck carcinoma. Conclusions: Our understanding of treatment failure in this disease is rapidly evolving. Immunotherapy represents a valuable new tool in the fight against recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Integrating patient and tumor specific data via artificial intelligence and deep learning will allow for a precision oncology approach, thereby achieving better prognostication and management of patients with this deadly disease.
Glioblastoma: Clinical Presentation, Multidisciplinary Management, and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Sipos David , Raposa Bence L. , Freihat Omar , Simon Mihály , Mekis Nejc , Cornacchione Patrizia , Kovács Árpád
Published: January 2025

Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, presents a formidable challenge due to its rapid progression, treatment resistance, and poor survival outcomes. Standard care typically involves maximal safe surgical resection, followed by fractionated external beam radiation therapy and concurrent temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite these interventions, median survival remains approximately 12–15 months, with a five-year survival rate below 10%. Prognosis is influenced by factors such as patient age, molecular characteristics, and the extent of resection. Patients with IDH-mutant tumors or methylated MGMT promoters generally have improved survival, while recurrent glioblastoma is associated with a median survival of only six months, as therapies in these cases are often palliative. Innovative treatments, including TTFields, add incremental survival benefits, extending median survival to around 20.9 months for eligible patients. Symptom management—addressing seizures, headaches, and neurological deficits—alongside psychological support for patients and caregivers is essential to enhance quality of life. Emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapies, though still limited in efficacy, show promise as part of an evolving treatment landscape. Continued research and clinical trials remain crucial to developing more effective treatments. This multidisciplinary approach, incorporating diagnostics, personalized therapy, and supportive care, aims to improve outcomes and provides a hopeful foundation for advancing glioblastoma management.
Quality of Nursing Care as Perceived by Patients Treated for Multiple Myeloma in Polish Oncology Units: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kurek Magdalena , Tatara Tomasz , Świtalski Jakub , Fronczak Adam , Tatara Magdalena , Augustynowicz Anna
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Patient satisfaction is one of the indicators of the quality of nursing care. The purpose of this study is to find out the level of satisfaction of patients with multiple myeloma with the quality of nursing care in oncology units. Methods: Data were obtained by a diagnostic survey method, using the Newcastle Nursing Satisfaction Scale. The survey was conducted among patients from four oncology departments in Poland on the day the patient was discharged or transferred to another unit. Participation in the study was voluntary and required patient consent. Patients were assured of the anonymity of their responses. Results: The study included 65 men and 75 women treated with chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Experiences and satisfaction with nursing care presented a level of 71.80 points and 74.46 points, respectively. The analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of treatment and gender. A statistically significant negative association was shown between age and nursing care experience score (r = −0.19; p = 0.024). Positive associations were shown between length of stay on the unit and rating of experience of nursing care (r = 0.23; p = 0.006) and satisfaction with nursing care (r = 0.26; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The experience and satisfaction with nursing care among patients treated for multiple myeloma in Polish oncology units is moderate. Efforts should be made to improve the quality of nursing care, especially taking into account the needs of the elderly.
The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Pediatric Cancer
Authors: Mella Christine , Tsarouhas Panogiotis , Brockwell Maximillian , Ball Hope C.
Published: January 2025

Inflammation plays a crucial role in wound healing and the host immune response following pathogenic invasion. However, unresolved chronic inflammation can result in tissue fibrosis and genetic alterations that contribute to the pathogenesis of human diseases such as cancer. Recent scientific advancements exploring the underlying mechanisms of malignant cellular transformations and cancer progression have exposed significant disparities between pediatric and adult-onset cancers. For instance, pediatric cancers tend to have lower mutational burdens and arise in actively developing tissues, where cell-cycle dysregulation leads to gene, chromosomal, and fusion gene development not seen in adult-onset counterparts. As such, scientific findings in adult cancers cannot be directly applied to pediatric cancers, where unique mutations and inherent etiologies remain poorly understood. Here, we review the role of chronic inflammation in processes of genetic and chromosomal instability, the tumor microenvironment, and immune response that result in pediatric tumorigenesis transformation and explore current and developing therapeutic interventions to maintain and/or restore inflammatory homeostasis.
Learning from Other Tumors: Pathways for Progress and Overcoming Challenges in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tesini Giulia , Braconi Chiara , Rimassa Lorenza , Macias Rocio I. R.
Published: January 2025

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a group of complex and heterogeneous tumors originating from the epithelial cells of bile ducts that can occur in intrahepatic, perihilar, or distal localizations [...]
Congenital Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans—An Update on the Ongoing Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Cassalia Fortunato , Danese Andrea , Cocchi Enrico , Vaienti Silvia , Bolzon Anna , Franceschin Ludovica , Mazzetto Roberto , Caroppo Francesca , Melandri Davide , Belloni Fortina Anna
Published: January 2025

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, low-grade sarcoma that presents diagnostic challenges due to its resemblance to benign lesions [...]
Xanthan Gum and Microcrystalline Cellulose as Stabilizers in Emulsions Containing Catalytically Modified Animal and Vegetable Fat
Authors: Kowalska Małgorzata , Wozniak Magdalena , Zbikowska Anna , Okolus Jakub , Molik Artur
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to design model emulsion systems based on enzymatic modification fats for shaping the quality of target products in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a catalysis process carried out in the presence of immobilized lipase as a catalyst was used to obtain the fatty mixtures constituting the fat base of the emulsions. It was assumed to produce stable emulsion products containing modified fat with a sufficient amount of emulsifiers and a variable concentration of a viscosity modifier, which was a mixture of xanthan gum and microcrystalline cellulose (XGMCC). The following methods were used in the evaluation of emulsions: evaluation of the stability of systems using the Turbiscan test, evaluation of average particle size, microscopic evaluation of emulsions, and evaluation of texture and viscosity. Based on the results obtained for XGMCC-stabilized emulsion systems containing enzymatically modified fats, it was found that some of the systems had satisfactory stability. No correlation was observed between the applied concentration of a texture modifier and emulsion stability. However, the type of fatty phase used influenced the stability of the analyzed systems. Taking the above relationship into account, emulsion E67, which was characterized by a small degree of destabilization changes, was evaluated as the best system. This emulsion was characterized by the lowest droplet diameter of the dispersed phase at all measuring points during the storage process. This system can be used as a stable model system as a starting point in the development of a new food or cosmetic formulation.
Local Administration of (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate as a Local Anesthetic Agent Inhibits the Excitability of Rat Nociceptive Primary Sensory Neurons
Authors: Utugi Syogo , Chida Risako , Yamaguchi Sana , Sashide Yukito , Takeda Mamoru
Published: January 2025

While the impact of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on modulating nociceptive secondary neuron activity has been documented, it is still unknown how EGCG affects the excitability of nociceptive primary neurons in vivo. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether administering EGCG locally in rats reduces the excitability of nociceptive primary trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons in response to mechanical stimulation in vivo. In anesthetized rats, TG neuronal extracellular single unit recordings were made in response to both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli. Following the administration of EGCG, the mean firing rate of TG neurons to both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner (1–10 mM), and both the non-noxious and nociceptive mechanical stimuli experienced the maximum suppression of discharge frequency within 5 min. These inhibitory effects lasted for approximately 20 min. These findings suggest that the local injection of EGCG into the peripheral receptive field suppresses the responsiveness of nociceptive primary sensory neurons in the TG, almost equal to that of the local anesthetic, 1% lidocaine. As a result, the local application of EGCG as a local anesthetic could alleviate nociceptive trigeminal pain that does not result in side effects, thereby playing a significant role in pain management.
Trying to Kill a Killer; Impressive Killing of Patient Derived Glioblastoma Cultures Using NK-92 Natural Killer Cells Reveals Both Sensitive and Highly Resistant Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Yu Jane , Kim Hyeon Joo , Reinecke Jordyn , Hucklesby James , Read Tennille , Anchan Akshata , Angel Catherine E. , Graham Euan Scott
Published: January 2025

The overall goal of this work was to assess the ability of Natural Killer cells to kill cultures of patient-derived glioblastoma cells. Herein we report impressive levels of NK-92 mediated killing of various patient-derived glioblastoma cultures observed at ET (effector: target) ratios of 5:1 and 1:1. This enabled direct comparison of the degree of glioblastoma cell loss across a broader range of glioblastoma cultures. Importantly, even at high ET ratios of 5:1, there are always subpopulations of glioblastoma cells that prove very challenging to kill that evade the NK-92 cells. Of value in this study has been the application of ECIS (Electric Cell–Substrate Impedance Sensing) biosensor technology to monitor the glioblastoma cells in real-time, enabling temporal assessment of the NK-92 cells. ECIS has been powerful in revealing that at higher ET ratios, the glioblastoma cells are acutely sensitive to the NK-92 cells, and the observed glioblastoma cell death is supported by the high-content imaging data. Moreover, long-term ECIS experiments reveal that the surviving glioblastoma cells were then able to grow and reseed the culture, which was evident 300–500 h after the addition of the NK-92 cells. This was observed for multiple glioblastoma lines. In addition, our imaging provides evidence that some NK-92 cells appear to be compromised early, which would be consistent with potent evasive mechanisms by the glioblastoma tumour cells. This research strongly highlights the potential for NK-92 cells to kill glioblastoma tumour cells and provides a basis to identify the mechanism utilised by the surviving glioblastoma cells that we now need to target to achieve maximal cytolysis of the resistant glioblastoma cells. It is survival of the highly resistant glioblastoma clones that results in tumour relapse.
Trehalose Ameliorates Zebrafish Emotional and Social Deficits Caused by CLN8 Dysfunction
Authors: Licitra Rosario , Della Vecchia Stefania , Santucci Lorenzo , Vivarelli Rachele , Bernardi Sara , Santorelli Filippo M. , Marchese Maria
Published: January 2025

CLN8 and other neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) often lead to cognitive decline, emotional disturbances, and social deficits, worsening with disease progression. Disrupted lysosomal pH, impaired autophagy, and defective dendritic arborization contribute to these symptoms. Using a cln8−/− zebrafish model, we identified significant impairments in locomotion, anxiety, and aggression, along with subtle deficits in social interactions, positioning zebrafish as a useful model for therapeutic studies in NCL. Our findings show that trehalose, an autophagy enhancer, ameliorates anxiety, and modestly improves social behavior and predator avoidance in mutant zebrafish. This finding aligns animal models with clinical reports suggestive of behavioral improvements in NCL patients. Trehalose holds promise as a therapeutic agent for CLN8, warranting further research into its neuroprotective mechanisms and clinical applications.
Clinical Characteristics and Mortality-Associated Factors in Trauma Patients Undergoing Permanent Versus Temporary Tracheostomy
Authors: Alnemare Ahmad K.
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study evaluated the characteristics, outcomes, and mortality-associated factors in patients who underwent tracheostomy after traumatic injury to optimize clinical decision-making and patient care in critical trauma settings. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) records from 2013 to 2016. This study included 41,630 adult trauma patients who underwent tracheostomy procedures. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, univariate comparisons, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The study protocol adhered to STROBE guidelines for observational studies. Results: Analysis of the total cohort revealed that patients with tracheostomy demonstrated high rates of severe injuries (75.2%) and a notable comorbidity burden, including cardiovascular disorders (4.0%) and blood disorders (5.8%). Multivariate analysis revealed that mortality risk was independently associated with advanced age (OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.016–1.021), higher injury severity scores (OR 1.004, CI 1.002–1.007), female sex (OR 1.187, CI 1.078–1.308), and cardiovascular surgical intervention (OR 1.487, CI 1.350–1.638). Among the study population, 7.6% underwent permanent tracheostomy procedures, with these patients showing some distinct clinical characteristics in terms of injury severity and comorbidity profiles. Conclusions: This comprehensive analysis demonstrates the complex clinical characteristics and mortality-associated factors in trauma patients requiring tracheostomy. Key factors influencing survival outcomes include age, injury severity, sex, and cardiovascular surgical intervention. These findings provide valuable insights for clinical decision-making and risk assessment in trauma patients requiring tracheostomy. The observed differences between permanent and temporary tracheostomy patients warrant further investigation with more detailed timing and indication data.
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction: A New Era in Open Access Publishing
Authors: Leung Yiu Yan , Fan Kathy , Thieringer Florian M.
Published: January 2025

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction (CMTR) [...]
The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Cladded CoCrFeNiAl/WC Coatings on H13 Steel
Authors: Zhang Junbo , Du Bing , Sun Fuzhen , Li Yan , Liu Yang
Published: January 2025

Previous studies have focused on the laser cladding of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) on untreated H13 steel, yielding promising results. However, there is limited research on laser cladding HEAs on heat-treated H13 steel, which is more common in the automotive mold industry. In this study, CoCrFeNiAl/WC high-entropy alloy composite coatings were fabricated on heat-treated H13 steel using laser cladding, addressing the gap in applying HEAs on heat-treated tool steels. The influence of the WC content on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the composite coating was investigated. The coating exhibits a dual-layer microstructure consisting of a working layer and a transition layer with different compositions. The results indicate that the CoCrFeNiAl/WC working layer primarily consists of FCC phases. As the WC content increases, metallurgical reactions occur in the working layer, forming (Fe,Co)3W3C, Co4W2C, and Cr7C3 carbide precipitates. This significantly enhances the hardness and wear resistance of the coating, with the final hardness being 1.23 times that of the substrate, the wear weight loss being only 0.21 times that of the substrate, and the average friction coefficient being only 0.82 times that of the substrate.
Prognosis, Controversies and Assessment of Bone Erosion or Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Alfurhud Ahmed Ata
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To discuss the prognostic outcomes, controversies and assessment of bone erosion or invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A structured literature review was conducted to critically analyse relevant evidence. The Web of Science database was searched using specific keywords aligned with the review question. After identifying initial studies, their references were also reviewed to include any additional relevant publications, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of the available evidence. Results: The search identified 11 relevant studies, including 5 from the initial search and 6 from reference review. The significance of bone involvement is unclear in OSCC, with varying definitions of cortical bone erosion and medullary bone infiltration contributing to conflicting results regarding the prognostic significance of bone involvement. The majority of evidence stems from retrospective cohort studies without clear study criteria and a lack of power to draw valid conclusions. Conclusions: There are currently a lack of high-quality studies assessing bone invasion in OSCC. While there appears to be some evidence that medullary bone infiltration is prognostic, further well-designed studies are warranted.
Association Between Lung Parenchymal Attenuation in Computed Tomography and Airflow Limitation in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Esteban Baloira Lucía , Zamarrón de Lucas Ester , Segura Carlos Carpio , Lerín Baratas Macarena , Fernández Velilla María , Torres Sánchez María Isabel , Pinilla Fernández Inmaculada , Mariscal Aguilar Pablo , Álvarez-Sala Walther Rodolfo , Prados Sánchez Concepción
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To determine the association between airflow limitation and the quantification of lung attenuation in computed tomography (CT) in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: A cross-sectional study in a single center between January 2013 and December 2018 in adult patients with stable CF. We collected clinical data and the results of spirometry and plethysmography. A chest CT at inspiration and expiration, using a specific software that automatically measured the lung attenuation, was performed. Results: In total, 73 patients (63% males) were included. The mean age was 31.6 ± 12.3 years and the FEV1 was 67.8 ± 25.9% pred. An airflow limitation was found in 63%, the mean residual volume was 159.9% pred, and air trapping was observed in 50 (87.7%) of the patients. The patients with airflow limitations showed a higher bulla index and a percentage of lung voxels in the range of emphysema. The FEV1 and the FEV1/FVC correlated with the percentage of the lungs at a high attenuation value (HAV), the range of emphysema, and the bulla index at inspiration, as well as the mean lung density at expiration and the inspiratory–expiratory variation of the mean lung density (MLDi-e). Finally, in the multivariate model, the MLDi-e and the HAV at inspiration were associated with airflow limitations. Conclusions: The measurements obtained from the automated quantification of lung parenchymal attenuation predicts airflow limitation in CF.
Tailgut Cyst—Gynecologist’s Pitfall: Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Malutan Andrei Mihai , Suciu Viorela-Elena , Ignat Florin Laurentiu , Diculescu Doru , Ciortea Razvan , Boțan Emil-Claudiu , Bucuri Carmen Elena , Roman Maria Patricia , Nati Ionel , Ormindean Cristina , Mihu Dan
Published: January 2025

Background and Clinical Significance: Retrorectal cystic hamartomas (“Tailgut cysts”) are rare developmental cysts that appear in the retrorectal space, arising from aberrant remnants of the post-anal primitive gut in case of an incomplete embryogenetic involution. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 30-year-old woman with a history of chronic lower abdominal pain. Other digestive symptoms, like rectal fullness, constipation, pain on defecation, rectal bleeding or genitourinary obstruction symptoms, were not associated. During a period of 3 years, she underwent several surgical procedures for ovarian cysts, without relieving the symptomatology. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a presacral tumor with a right pararectal development. A surgical resection of the lesion using an anterior approach was performed, with the final pathological diagnosis of a retrorectal cystic hamartoma (“tailgut cyst”). Conclusions: This case underlines the fact that retrorectal masses can be challenging to diagnose, and tailgut cysts must be taken into consideration in cases of perirectal tumors in patients with a history of multiple failed procedures and surgeries.
Dynamics and Half-Life of Cell-Free DNA After Exercise: Insights from a Fragment Size-Specific Measurement Approach
Authors: Yamamoto Ryutaro , Asano Hiroshi , Tamaki Ryo , Saito Yoshihiro , Hosokawa Ami , Watari Hidemichi , Umazume Takeshi
Published: January 2025

Background: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in healthy individuals but is elevated in those undergoing physical exertion, trauma, sepsis, and certain cancers. Maintaining cfDNA concentrations is vital for immune homeostasis and preventing inflammatory responses. Understanding cfDNA release and clearance is essential for using cfDNA as a biomarker in clinical diagnostics. We focused on the fragment size of cfDNA and investigated cfDNA dynamics and half-life, particularly the 100–250 base pair fragments. Methods: Healthy, adult men (n = 5; age 40 ± 4.1 years) were subjected to a 30 min treadmill exercise. Blood samples were collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min post-exercise using PAXgene® Blood ccfDNA tubes to stabilize and prevent nuclease-mediated cfDNA degradation and minimize genomic DNA contamination risk. The cfDNA concentration was measured using an electrophoresis-based technique (4150 TapeStation system) to quantify the concentration based on cfDNA fragment size. Results: The results showed a cfDNA half-life of 24.2 min, with a transient increase in 100–250 base pair cfDNA fragments post-exercise, likely due to nuclease activity. These levels rapidly reverted to the baseline within an hour. Conclusions: The rapid clearance of cfDNA underscores its potential as a biomarker for real-time disease monitoring and the evaluation of treatment efficacy. This study is expected to standardize cfDNA investigations, enhancing diagnosis and treatment monitoring across various disease conditions.
Eruptive Syringoma—Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Features
Authors: Rydz Agnieszka , Żółkiewicz Jakub , Kunc Michał , Sławińska Martyna , Sobjanek Michał , Nowicki Roman J. , Lange Magdalena
Published: January 2025

We present an interesting image of eruptive syringoma confirmed by histopathological assessment in a 37-year-old male who was consulted due to numerous brownish small macules and papules resembling maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis (MPCM). We show difficulties in diagnosing ES, given its rare occurrence and resemblance to other dermatological disorders. Moreover, we discuss the role of dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy in the differential diagnosis of syringoma.
Predicting Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Premature Neonates with Intrauterine Growth Restriction Using a Three-Layered Neural Network
Authors: Bivoleanu Anca , Gheorghe Liliana , Doroftei Bogdan , Scripcariu Ioana-Sadiye , Vasilache Ingrid-Andrada , Harabor Valeriu , Adam Ana-Maria , Adam Gigi , Munteanu Iulian Valentin , Susanu Carolina , Solomon-Condriuc Iustina , Harabor Anamaria
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: There is a constant need to improve the prediction of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in growth-restricted neonates who were born prematurely. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the predictive performance of a three-layered neural network for the prediction of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes determined at two years of age by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III) scale in prematurely born infants by affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Methods: This observational retrospective study included premature newborns with or without IUGR admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit from Romania, between January 2018 and December 2022. The patients underwent assessment with the Amiel-Tison scale at discharge, and with the Bailey-3 scale at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of corrected age. Clinical and paraclinical data were used to construct a three-layered artificial neural network, and its predictive performance was assessed. Results: Our results indicated that this type of neural network exhibited moderate predictive performance in predicting mild forms of cognitive, motor, and language delays. However, the accuracy of predicting moderate and severe neurodevelopmental outcomes varied between moderate and low. Conclusions: Artificial neural networks can be useful tools for the prediction of several neurodevelopmental outcomes, and their predictive performance can be improved by including a large number of clinical and paraclinical parameters.
Ultrasound Examination for Cement Extrusion After Uni-Compartmental Knee Replacement
Authors: Siu Peter Kam-To , Wu Wei-Ting , Özçakar Levent , Chang Ke-Vin
Published: January 2025

A 66-year-old woman presented with persistent knee effusion three months after undergoing a cemented medial uni-compartmental knee replacement. She was afebrile and able to walk with a stick. Physical examination revealed moderate effusion. Radiographs showed posteriorly extruded cement, while computed tomography confirmed the absence of implant loosening but was unable to adequately visualize the adjacent soft tissues due to metallic artifacts. Ultrasound identified posterior cement extrusion beyond the femoral component, causing a delamination tear of the posterior capsule and indentation on the medial gastrocnemius. Knee arthrocentesis yielded 60 mL of blood-stained fluid with unremarkable analysis, and the patient reported improvement following the procedure. To our knowledge, this is the first report to highlight the unique role of ultrasound in detailing the anatomy of extruded cement and its impact on adjacent soft tissues following knee replacement. We demonstrate the critical structures that should be evaluated and how ultrasound aids in managing this postoperative complication.
Improved Estimation of Aboveground Biomass in Rubber Plantations Using Deep Learning on UAV Multispectral Imagery
Authors: Tan Hongjian , Kou Weili , Xu Weiheng , Wang Leiguang , Wang Huan , Lu Ning
Published: January 2025

The accurate estimation of aboveground biomass (AGB) in rubber plantations is essential for predicting rubber production and assessing carbon storage. Multispectral sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can obtain high spatiotemporal resolution imagery of rubber plantations, offering significant advantages in capturing fine structural details and heterogeneity. However, most previous studies primarily focused on developing biomass estimation models for rubber using machine learning (ML) algorithms in conjunction with feature selection methods based on UAV-acquired multispectral imagery. The reliance on feature selection methods limits the model’s generalizability, robustness, and predictive accuracy. In contrast, deep learning (DL) exhibits considerable promise in extracting features from high-resolution UAV-based multispectral imagery without the need for manual selection. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether DL can surpass traditional ML methods in improving the AGB estimation accuracy in rubber plantations. To address this, our study evaluated the performance of three ML algorithms (random forest regression, RFR; XGBoost regression, XGBR; categorical boosting regression, CatBoost) combined with feature selection techniques and a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) using multispectral imagery obtained from UAV for the AGB estimation of rubber plantations. The results indicate that the RFR combined with a principal component analysis (PCA) for feature selection yielded the best performance (R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 11.63 t/ha, MAE = 9.27 t/ha) between the three ML algorithms. Meanwhile, the DCNN model derived from the G, R, and NIR spectral bands achieved the highest estimation accuracy (R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 6.44 t/ha, MAE = 5.72 t/ha), where it outperformed the other ML methods. Our study highlights the great potential of combining UAV-based multispectral imagery with DL techniques to improve AGB estimation in rubber plantations, offering a new perspective for estimating the physiological and biochemical growth parameters of forests.
OBTPN: A Vision-Based Network for UAV Geo-Localization in Multi-Altitude Environments
Authors: Chen Nanxing , Fan Jiqi , Yuan Jiayu , Zheng Enhui
Published: January 2025

UAVs typically rely on satellite navigation for positioning, yet this method proves ineffective in instances where the signal is inadequate or communication is disrupted. Visually based positioning technology has emerged as a reliable alternative. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end network, OBTPN. In the initial phase of the model, we optimized the distribution of attention within the primary network, aiming to achieve a balance between self-attention and cross-attention. Subsequently, we devised a feature fusion head, which enhanced the model’s capacity to process multi-scale information. OBTPN was successfully deployed on an NVIDIA Jetson TX2 onboard computer. This paper also proposes a high-altitude complex environment dataset, Crossview9, which addresses a research gap in the field of high-altitude visual navigation. The performance of the model on this dataset is also evaluated. Additionally, the dataset was processed to simulate a low-quality image environment to assess the model’s resilience in challenging weather conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that OBTPN_256 attains an accuracy of 84.55% on the RDS metric, thereby reaching the state-of-the-art (SOTA) level of the UL14 dataset. On the Crossview9 dataset, OBTPN_256 achieves an RDS score of 79.76%, also reaching the SOTA level. Most notably, the model’s high accuracy in low-quality image environments further substantiates its robustness in complex environments.
A Binocular Vision-Assisted Method for the Accurate Positioning and Landing of Quadrotor UAVs
Authors: Yang Jie , He Kunling , Zhang Jie , Li Jiacheng , Chen Qian , Wei Xiaohui , Sheng Hanlin
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a vision-based target recognition and positioning system for UAV mobile landing scenarios, addressing challenges such as target occlusion due to shadows and the loss of the field of view. A novel image preprocessing technique is proposed, utilizing finite adaptive histogram equalization in the HSV color space, to enhance UAV recognition and the detection of markers under shadow conditions. The system incorporates a Kalman filter-based target motion state estimation method and a binocular vision-based depth camera target height estimation method to achieve precise positioning. To tackle the problem of poor controller performance affecting UAV tracking and landing accuracy, a feedforward model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is integrated into a mobile landing control method. This enables the reliable tracking of both stationary and moving targets via the UAV. Additionally, with a consideration of the complexities of real-world flight environments, a mobile tracking and landing control strategy based on airspace division is proposed, significantly enhancing the success rate and safety of UAV mobile landings. The experimental results demonstrate a 100% target recognition success rate and high positioning accuracy, with x and y-axis errors not exceeding 0.01 m in close range, the x-axis relative error not exceeding 0.05 m, and the y-axis error not exceeding 0.03 m in the medium range. In long-range situations, the relative errors for both axes do not exceed 0.05 m. Regarding tracking accuracy, both KF and EKF exhibit good following performance with small steady-state errors when the target is stationary. Under dynamic conditions, EKF outperforms KF with better estimation results and a faster tracking speed. The landing accuracy is within 0.1 m, and the proposed method successfully accomplishes the mobile energy supply mission for the vehicle-mounted UAV system.
Greedy Algorithm for Deriving Decision Rules from Decision Tree Ensembles
Authors: Tetteh Evans Teiko , Zielosko Beata
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a greedy algorithm for deriving decision rules from decision tree ensembles, targeting enhanced interpretability and generalization in distributed data environments. Decision rules, known for their transparency, provide an accessible method for knowledge extraction from data, facilitating decision-making processes across diverse fields. Traditional decision tree algorithms, such as CART and ID3, are employed to induce decision trees from bootstrapped datasets, which represent distributed data sources. Subsequently, a greedy algorithm is applied to derive decision rules that are true across multiple decision trees. Experiments are performed, taking into account knowledge representation and discovery perspectives. They show that, as the value of α, 0≤α<1, increases, shorter rules are obtained, and also it is possible to improve the classification accuracy of rule-based models.
Currencies Come and Go, But Employment Always Takes Root: Rethinking External Constraints and Monetary Sovereignty in the Periphery
Authors: Cruz-Hidalgo Esteban , Medina-Miltimore Stuart , Mario Agustín
Published: January 2025

This paper explores a development strategy for peripheral economies by advocating for a paradigm shift from traditional economic models that rely on accumulating foreign reserves. It proposes the job guarantee (JG) policy, an automatic stabilizer based on a reserve pool of employed individuals, as a cornerstone for fostering sustainable and inclusive growth. Grounded in modern monetary theory (MMT), this study critiques the conventional approach that prioritizes external reserves and highlights the potential of MMT in offering a more autonomous development path for developing countries. A systematic review of the literature, using the PRISMA methodology, reveals significant divergence between MMT advocates and critics, particularly regarding monetary sovereignty and the feasibility of implementing macroeconomic policies in peripheral economies. This study emphasizes that while external constraints remain, the MMT perspective calls for flexible exchange rates, low interest rates, and capital controls as part of a broader strategy to reduce dependency on foreign currencies. The proposed approach prioritizes full employment, the mobilization of domestic resources, and structural transformation through policies like import substitution. Although the shift may involve the slower accumulation of capital, it offers a more equitable and stable development path. Ultimately, this analysis underscores the potential of MMT to expand the external constraint and enable sustainable development, despite challenges in implementation and political resistance.
The Self-Perceptions of Twice-Exceptional Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Küry Louise , Fischer Christian
Published: January 2025

This systematic review examines the self-perceptions of twice-exceptional children. This review examines the self-concept, self-esteem and self-efficacy of these children, as well as the factors that influence their self-perceptions. The PRISMA guidelines were employed in the conduct of this systematic review. To be included in this study, articles had to be empirical, written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals, and be aligned with the research questions. A total of 18 papers were included for assessment of quality, the majority of which employed a case study design. The findings suggest that twice-exceptional children tend to perceive themselves in a negative manner. Furthermore, twice-exceptional children exhibited diminished global self-concept, accompanied by low self-esteem and self-efficacy. Positive factors influencing self-perception are adequate support from teachers and parents, early identification and strength-based support. A lack of understanding on the part of teachers and parents, insufficient attention to giftedness in and outside of school, and a sense of being different were identified as negative influencing factors. Further research is required to verify the results using a quantitative longitudinal study. The findings of this review highlight the necessity for adequate support and encouragement for twice-exceptional children, suggesting potential ways for their implementation.
How Do Foreign Students from Different Collectivist Countries Perceive Interpersonal Emotion Regulation? A Thematic Analysis in Lithuania
Authors: Saulius Tomas , Malinauskas Romualdas
Published: January 2025

The main aim of our qualitative research is to find out how foreign students from different Collectivistic countries perceive interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). Using semi-structured interviews as a method of data collection and thematic analysis as a method of data analysis, we found that the majority of participants used IER to provide psychological support to their colleagues and friends in a variety of contexts—64% of participants highlighted cognitive strategies as key in emotional regulation, especially the use of temporal perspective shifting—and that, finally, the majority of the participants highlighted the evident results of the interventions, the most common of which was the increased adaptive behavior of the targets of IER. These findings highlight the persistence of cultural orientation in heterogeneous settings and suggest situational flexibility in IER strategies. They also highlight the importance of designing culturally sensitive interventions in international educational contexts.
The Role of Active Breaks and Curriculum-Based Active Breaks in Enhancing Executive Functions and Math Performance, and in Reducing Math Anxiety in Primary School Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bellacicco Rosa , Capone Francesca , Sorrentino Clarissa , Di Martino Valeria
Published: January 2025

Physical activity is recognized as crucial for children’s development in many aspects. However, its integration into the classroom remains a challenge, particularly in STEM subjects, despite this area being a central component of school curricula worldwide. This systematic review investigates the characteristics and the relationships between active breaks (AB) and curriculum-based active breaks (CB) interventions on executive functions, attention, on-task behavior, performance in STEM, and math anxiety in primary school children. A database search, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, was conducted in March 2024, identifying 19 eligible studies for descriptive analysis and assessed for risk of bias. A total of 13 studies focused on AB, four on CB, and two compared the two conditions. Only one paper considered math anxiety. The results revealed mixed effects on executive functions and attention, with some studies reporting improvements and others finding no significant changes. Math performance improved with both AB and CB interventions, especially when AB lasted 10 to 20 min. Most interventions were led by teachers, though few studies incorporated intervention fidelity. Overall, the inconsistent findings highlight the need for further research to determine the optimal characteristics for effective interventions and reliable assessment methods and to explore long-term effects and the appropriate level of teacher involvement.