bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-step immunoassay of C-reactive protein using droplet microfluidics
Authors: Tang Matthew Y. H. , Shum Ho Cheung
Published: October 2016

A wash-free droplet microfluidic platform for C-reactive-protein-based diagnosis with reduced assay time and enhanced sensitivity.
Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles on poly(N1,N3-dimethylbenzimidazolium)iodide-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for ethanol oxidation in alkaline solution
Authors: Lin Yan , Liu Qi , Fan Jinchen , Liao Kexuan , Xie Jiawei , Liu Peng , Chen Yihui , Min Yulin , Xu Qunjie
Published: October 2016

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been considered as good catalyst supporting materials, and their dispersion and functionalization are important, challenging problems for high-performance composite catalysts.
Undesirable role of remnant PbI2 layer on low temperature processed planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Du Yangyang , Cai Hongkun , Wen Hongbin , Wu Yuxiang , Li Zhenglong , Xu Jian , Huang Like , Ni Jian , Li Juan , Zhang Jianjun
Published: October 2016

In this work, we carefully study the influence of the remnant PbI2 on the performance of planar PSCs including efficiency and thermal stability by varying the PbI2 stoichiometry of the resultant CH3NH3PbI3.
Simultaneous electrochemical detection of dopamine and epinephrine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid using a AgNPs–penicillamine–Au electrode
Authors: Barman Koushik , Jasimuddin Sk.
Published: October 2016

A silver nanoparticle immobilized penicillamine self-assembled electrode, AgNPs–PCA–Au, can simultaneously sense dopamine, epinephrine, ascorbic acid and uric acid at neutral pH.
Aqueous synthesis and photochromic study of Mo/W oxide hollow microspheres
Authors: Song Yuehong , Zhao Jingzhe , Zhao Yan , Huang Zhifang
Published: October 2016

Mo/W oxide hollow microspheres with MoO3as matrix material were fabricatedviaa polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced aqueous route.
A novel CuO/TiO2 hollow nanofiber film for non-enzymatic glucose sensing
Authors: Guo Qiaohui , Zhang Man , Li Xia , Li Xinrui , Li Haoran , Lu Yuanjie , Song Xiaoxi , Wang Li
Published: October 2016

CuO nanoparticles loaded TiO2 hollow nanofibers with porous and hierarchically mesostructured nanostructure lead to excellent glucose biosensing.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of sapinofuranones A,B and 1,2,3-triazole-sapinofuranone hybrids as cytotoxic agents
Authors: Nagi Reddy K. Siva , Sabitha Gowravaram , Poornachandra Y. , Kumar C. Ganesh
Published: October 2016

The total synthesis of sapinofuranones A,B and ent-sapinofuranones A,B and L-factor and a series of novel 1,2,3-triazole-sapinofuranone hybrids is described and their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines (A549, MDA-MB-231, DU145 and HepG2) was evaluated.
Anti selective glycolate aldol reactions of (S)-4-isopropyl-1-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]imidazolidin-2-one: application towards the asymmetric synthesis of 8-4′-oxyneolignans
Authors: Gangar Mukesh , Ittuveetil Avinash , Goyal Sandeep , Pal Anang , Harikrishnan M. Harikrishnan M. , Nair Vipin A.
Published: October 2016

The anti selective glycolate aldol reactions of (S)-4-isopropyl-1-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]imidazolidin-2-one auxiliary have been standardized with high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities on various substituted aryl, allyl and alkyl aldehydes.
Design, synthesis, characterization of some new 1,2,3-triazolyl chalcone derivatives as potential anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer agents via a Claisen–Schmidt reaction approach
Authors: Bhat Manjunatha , G. K. Nagaraja , P. Divyaraj , N. Harikrishna , Pai K. Sreedhara Ranganath , Biswas Subhankar , S. K. Peethamber
Published: October 2016

A new series of 1,2,3-triazolyl chalcone derivatives (5a–k) and (6a–e) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities.
Controlling red upconversion luminescence in Gd2O3:Yb3+–Er3+nanoparticles by changing the different atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Shengjun , Zhou Jiajia , Wu Ruozhen , Lei Lei , Xiao Zhen , Zhang Junjie , Xu Shiqing
Published: October 2016

Upconversion luminescence properties were investigated by emission intensityvs.excitation power (double logarithmic relationship) and temperature dependent emission spectroscopy.
First-order reversal curve analysis of magnetoactive elastomers
Authors: Linke Julia M. , Borin Dmitry Yu. , Odenbach Stefan
Published: October 2016

The FORC-method is applied to magnetoactive elastomers to capture the changes in the interaction field caused by the magnetization and structuring of the magnetic filler.
Magnetic MIL-101-SO3H: a highly efficient bifunctional nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes and 2,4,6-triaryl pyridines
Authors: Boroujeni Mahmoud Borjian , Hashemzadeh Alireza , Faroughi Mohammad-Tayeb , Shaabani Ahmad , Amini Mostafa Mohammadpour
Published: October 2016

A magnetic MIL-101-SO3H was synthesized and successfully used as a highly active nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes and 2,4,6-triaryl pyridines.
Hydrazinium-loaded perovskite solar cells with enhanced performance and stability
Authors: Akbulatov Azat F. , Frolova Lyubov A. , Anokhin Denis V. , Gerasimov Kirill L. , Dremova Nadezhda N. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: October 2016

In this study, we show that partial substitution of methylammonium (MA) with hydrazinium (HA) cations in MAPbI3 improves both the photovoltaic performance and stability of the hybrid perovskite solar cells.
Characteristics of a water-forming NADH oxidase from Methanobrevibacter smithii, an archaeon in the human gut
Authors: Yan Mingguang , Yin Weibing , Fang Xiao , Guo Jianjun , Shi Hong
Published: October 2016

NADH oxidases (NOXs) catalysing the oxidation of NADH to yield NAD+ and H2O, H2O2, or both play an important role in protecting organisms from oxidative stress and maintaining the balance of NAD+/NADH. A gene encoding NOX was identified from Methanobrevibacter smithii (NOX-ms), the predominant archaeon in the human gut ecosystem. Subsequent analyses showed that it is an FAD-containing protein with a subunit molecular mass of 48 kDa. NOX-ms was purified to homogeneity after expression in Escherichia coli. NOX-ms catalysed the oxidization of NADH and converted O2 to H2O with an optimal pH of 7.5 and a temperature optimum of approximately 37°C. The Vmax and Km values were 42.6–44.1 unit/mg and 47.8–54.6 μM for NADH. The apparent Vmax and Km for oxygen were 189.5–196.1 unit/mg and 14.6–16.8 μM. The mutation analysis suggests that Cys42 in NOX-ms plays a key role in the four-electron reduction of O2 to H2O. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that transcription of NOX-ms was also up-regulated after exposing the cells to oxidative stress and glucose. Finally, the potential of NOX-ms as a target to control colonization of M. smithii and its possible applications are discussed.
Analytical modeling of printed metasurface cavities for computational imaging
Authors: F. Imani Mohammadreza , Sleasman Timothy , Gollub Jonah N. , Smith David R.
Published: October 2016

We derive simple analytical expressions to model the electromagnetic response of an electrically large printed cavity. The analytical model is then used to develop printed cavities for microwave imaging purposes. The proposed cavity is excited by a cylindrical source and has boundaries formed by subwavelength metallic cylinders (vias) placed at subwavelength distances apart. Given their small size, the electric currents induced on the vias are assumed to have no angular dependence. Applying this approximation simplifies the electromagnetic problem to a matrix equation which can be solved to directly compute the electric current induced on each via. Once the induced currents are known, the electromagnetic field inside the cavity can be computed for every location. We verify the analytical model by comparing its prediction to full-wave simulations. To utilize this cavity in imaging settings, we perforate one side of the printed cavity with radiative slots such that they act as the physical layer of a computational imaging system. An analytical approximation for the slots is also developed, enabling us to obtain estimates of the cavity performance in imaging scenarios. This ability allows us to make informed decisions on the design of the printed metasurface cavity. The utility of the proposed model is further highlighted by demonstrating high-quality experimental imaging; performance metrics, which are consistent between theory and experiment, are also estimated.
The onset of chaos in orbital pilot-wave dynamics
Authors: Tambasco Lucas D. , Harris Daniel M. , Oza Anand U. , Rosales Rodolfo R. , Bush John W. M.
Published: October 2016

We present the results of a numerical investigation of the emergence of chaos in the orbital dynamics of droplets walking on a vertically vibrating fluid bath and acted upon by one of the three different external forces, specifically, Coriolis, Coulomb, or linear spring forces. As the vibrational forcing of the bath is increased progressively, circular orbits destabilize into wobbling orbits and eventually chaotic trajectories. We demonstrate that the route to chaos depends on the form of the external force. When acted upon by Coriolis or Coulomb forces, the droplet's orbital motion becomes chaotic through a period-doubling cascade. In the presence of a central harmonic potential, the transition to chaos follows a path reminiscent of the Ruelle-Takens-Newhouse scenario.
Hierarchically constrained carrier dynamics in red-LED illuminated type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices
Authors: Szmulowicz F. , Elhamri S. , Haugan H. J. , Mitchel W. C.
Published: October 2016

We report on positive and negative persistent photo-effects observed in some red light emitting diode (LED)-illuminated type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) grown on a p-type GaSb. By analyzing the time dependence of the transverse resistance during and after the illumination, we show that the rise and decay curves are logarithmic, a behavior which points to hierarchically constrained carrier dynamics. Accordingly, negative persistent effects are explained by diffusion and trapping of photo-excited carriers in the p-type buffer layer and their subsequent tunneling back to the SL. On the other hand, positive persistent effects are explained by a low density of majority-carrier trapping centers in the buffer layer. Hence, persistent photo-effects upon red-LED irradiation provide a diagnostic of the quality of the superlattice-buffer interface.
Intermolecular modulation of IR intensities in the solid state. The role of weak interactions in polyethylene crystal: A computational DFT study
Authors: Galimberti Daria , Milani Alberto , Maschio Lorenzo , Castiglioni Chiara
Published: October 2016

Density functional theory calculations with periodic boundary conditions are exploited to study the infrared spectrum of crystalline polyethylene. Spectral changes lead by the intermolecular packing in the orthorhombic three-dimensional crystal are discussed by means of a careful comparison with calculations carried out for an isolated polymer chain in the all-trans conformation, described as an ideal one-dimensional crystal. The results are analyzed in the framework of the “oligomer approach” through the modelling of the IR spectrum of n-alkanes of different lengths. The study demonstrates that a relevant absorption intensity modulation of CH2 deformation transitions takes place in the solid state. This finding suggests a new interpretation for the experimental evidences collected in the past by means of IR intensity measurement during thermal treatment. Moreover, the comparison between calculations for 3-D crystal and for the isolated polyethylene chain (1-D crystal) allows to put in evidence the effect of the local electric field on the computed infrared intensities. This observation provides guidelines for the comparison between infrared absorption intensities predicted for an isolated unit and for a molecule belonging to a crystal, through the introduction of suitable correction factors based on the refraction index of the material and depending on the dimensionality of such units (0D—molecule; 1D—polymer; 2D—slab).
Band bending at the heterointerface of GaAs/InAs core/shell nanowires monitored by synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Khanbabaee B. , Bussone G. , Knutsson J. V. , Geijselaers I. , Pryor C. E. , Rieger T. , Demarina N. , Grützmacher D. , Lepsa M. I. , Timm R. , Pietsch U.
Published: October 2016

Unique electronic properties of semiconductor heterostructured nanowires make them useful for future nano-electronic devices. Here, we present a study of the band bending effect at the heterointerface of GaAs/InAs core/shell nanowires by means of synchrotron based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Different Ga, In, and As core-levels of the nanowire constituents have been monitored prior to and after cleaning from native oxides. The cleaning process mainly affected the As-oxides and was accompanied by an energy shift of the core-level spectra towards lower binding energy, suggesting that the As-oxides turn the nanowire surfaces to n-type. After cleaning, both As and Ga core-levels revealed an energy shift of about −0.3 eV for core/shell compared to core reference nanowires. With respect to depth dependence and in agreement with calculated strain distribution and electron quantum confinement, the observed energy shift is interpreted by band bending of core-levels at the heterointerface between the GaAs nanowire core and the InAs shell.
cDPD: A new dissipative particle dynamics method for modeling electrokinetic phenomena at the mesoscale
Authors: Deng Mingge , Li Zhen , Borodin Oleg , Karniadakis George Em
Published: October 2016

We develop a “charged” dissipative particle dynamics (cDPD) model for simulating mesoscopic electrokinetic phenomena governed by the stochastic Poisson-Nernst-Planck and the Navier-Stokes equations. Specifically, the transport equations of ionic species are incorporated into the DPD framework by introducing extra degrees of freedom and corresponding evolution equations associated with each DPD particle. Diffusion of ionic species driven by the ionic concentration gradient, electrostatic potential gradient, and thermal fluctuations is captured accurately via pairwise fluxes between DPD particles. The electrostatic potential is obtained by solving the Poisson equation on the moving DPD particles iteratively at each time step. For charged surfaces in bounded systems, an effective boundary treatment methodology is developed for imposing both the correct hydrodynamic and electrokinetics boundary conditions in cDPD simulations. To validate the proposed cDPD model and the corresponding boundary conditions, we first study the electrostatic structure in the vicinity of a charged solid surface, i.e., we perform cDPD simulations of the electrostatic double layer and show that our results are in good agreement with the well-known mean-field theoretical solutions. We also simulate the electrostatic structure and capacity densities between charged parallel plates in salt solutions with different salt concentrations. Moreover, we employ the proposed methodology to study the electro-osmotic and electro-osmotic/pressure-driven flows in a micro-channel. In the latter case, we simulate the dilute poly-electrolyte solution drifting by electro-osmotic flow in a micro-channel, hence demonstrating the flexibility and capability of this method in studying complex fluids with electrostatic interactions at the micro- and nano-scales.
Differential steric effects in Cl reactions with aligned CHD3(v1 = 1) by the R(0) and Q(1) transitions. I. Attacking the excited C–H bond
Authors: Wang Fengyan , Liu Kopin
Published: October 2016

When a CHD3 molecule is pumped to the C–H stretching-excited state by absorbing a linearly polarized infrared (IR) photon via the R(0) branch of the v1 = 1←0 transition, the rotational angular momentum j of the prepared state jK=10 preferentially lies in a plane perpendicular to the IR polarization axis εIR. By way of contrast, when the Q(1) branch is used, the state of jK=1±1 is prepared with j aligned along the direction of εIR. Reported here is a detailed study of the title reaction by actively controlling the collision geometries under these two IR-excitation schemes at collision energy Ec = 8.6 kcal mol−1, using a crossed molecular beam, product imaging approach. We found that under the R(0) excitation, the polarization-dependent differential cross sections for the HCl(v = 0) + CD3(00) channel can largely be understood by invoking dual reaction mechanisms. The forward-scattered products are most likely mediated by a time-delayed resonance mechanism—as the formation of the HCl(v = 1) + CD3(00) channel, whereas the backward/sideways scattered products are governed by a direct abstraction mechanism. Compared to the previous results at lower Ec of 3.8 kcal mol−1, the sighting of opening-up the attack angle at the transition state of the direct pathway is proposed. Results under the Q(1) excitation are, however, perplexing and bear no obvious correlation to the corresponding ones for the R(0) excitation, defying simple intuitive interpretation. Possible reasons are put forward, which call for theoretical investigations for deeper insights. The results on the alternative isotope channel, DCl + CHD2, will be reported in the following paper.
Differential steric effects in Cl reactions with aligned CHD3(v1 = 1) by the R(0) and Q(1) transitions. II. Abstracting the unexcited D-atoms
Authors: Wang Fengyan , Liu Kopin
Published: October 2016

A complete set of four polarization-dependent differential cross sections in the reactions of Cl + aligned-CHD3(v1=1,jK)→DCl(v=0)+CHD2(v1=1) is reported here for two different, rotationally polarized states with j = 1: specifically the jK=10 state prepared via the R(0) excitation and the 1±1 state via Q(1). In stark contrast to the complicated situation of the HCl(v) + CD3(v = 0) channel reported in Paper-I, the stereo-requirement of this isotopic channel for both polarized reactants appears quite straightforward and consistent with a direct rebound mechanism. The extent of steric effects is moderate and relatively smaller than the alternative H-atom abstraction channel. All major findings reported here can qualitatively be understood by first noting that the present reaction invokes abstracting a D-atom, which is the spectator in the IR-excitation process. Next, it is recognized that the directional properties of two polarized states of CHD3(v1=1, jK) should manifest primarily in the IR-excited C–H bond, leaving secondary imprints in the unexcited CD3-moiety. The stereo-specificity of the DCl + CHD2 product channel is further reduced by the fact that the abstraction can occur with any one of the three spatially distinct D-atoms.
On the response of nonlinear viscoelastic materials in creep and stress relaxation experiments in the lubricated squeeze flow setting
Authors: Řehoř Martin , Průša Vít , Tůma Karel
Published: October 2016

Rigorous analysis of the response of nonlinear materials to step inputs requires one to simultaneously handle the discontinuity, differentiation, and nonlinearity. This task is however beyond the reach of the standard theories such as the classical theory of distributions and presents a considerable mathematical difficulty. New advanced mathematical tools are necessary to handle the challenge. An elegant and relatively easy-to-use framework capable of accomplishing the task is provided by the Colombeau algebra, which is a generalisation of the classical theory of distributions to the nonlinear setting. We use the Colombeau algebra formalism and derive explicit formulae describing the response of incompressible Maxwell viscoelastic fluid subject to step load/deformation in the lubricated squeeze flow setting.
The reactor–activator for gas-jet deposition of diamond structures
Authors: Rebrov A. K. , Andreev M. N. , B’yadovskiy T. T. , Kubrak K. V. , Yudin I. B.
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a new method of deposition of diamond and diamond like structures by using the original reactor for activation of carbonaceous gas mixtures. One of the important characteristics of the described reactor is the power efficiency owing to low heat losses. The new method of gas flow formation opens new possibilities to get important trade-offs (wide range of background conditions and others). The principal possibility of diamond deposition is proved by experiments with the flow of hydrogen and methane mixture in tungsten resistively heating cylindrical channels. Electron microphotographs and Raman spectrum of deposited structures prove the fact that deposited samples are diamond structures. Numerical study of the mixture flow through the reactor was carried for optimization of gas flow conducted to a substrate.
A generalized plasma dispersion function for electron damping in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Berry L. A. , Jaeger E. F. , Phillips C. K. , Lau C. H. , Bertelli N. , Green D. L.
Published: October 2016

Radio frequency wave propagation in finite temperature, magnetized plasmas exhibits a wide range of physics phenomena. The plasma response is nonlocal in space and time, and numerous modes are possible with the potential for mode conversions and transformations. In addition, diffraction effects are important due to finite wavelength and finite-size wave launchers. Multidimensional simulations are required to describe these phenomena, but even with this complexity, the fundamental plasma response is assumed to be the uniform plasma response with the assumption that the local plasma current for a Fourier mode can be described by the “Stix” conductivity. However, for plasmas with non-uniform magnetic fields, the wave vector itself is nonlocal. When resolved into components perpendicular (k⊥) and parallel (k||) to the magnetic field, locality of the parallel component can easily be violated when the wavelength is large. The impact of this inconsistency is that estimates of the wave damping can be incorrect (typically low) due to unresolved resonances. For the case of ion cyclotron damping, this issue has already been addressed by including the effect of parallel magnetic field gradients. In this case, a modified plasma response (Z function) allows resonance broadening even when k|| = 0, and this improves the convergence and accuracy of wave simulations. In this paper, we extend this formalism to include electron damping and find improved convergence and accuracy for parameters where electron damping is dominant, such as high harmonic fast wave heating in the NSTX-U tokamak, and helicon wave launch for off-axis current drive in the DIII-D tokamak.
One dimensional PIC simulation of relativistic Buneman instability
Authors: Rajawat Roopendra Singh , Sengupta Sudip
Published: October 2016

Spatio-temporal evolution of the relativistic Buneman instability has been investigated in one dimension using an in-house developed particle-in-cell simulation code. Starting from the excitation of the instability, its evolution has been followed numerically till its quenching and beyond. The simulation results have been quantitatively compared with the fluid theory and are found to be in conformity with the well known fact that the maximum growth rate (γmax) reduces due to relativistic effects and varies with γe0 and m/M as γmax∼32γe0(m2M)1/3, where γe0 is the Lorentz factor associated with the initial electron drift velocity (v0) and (m/M) is the electron to ion mass ratio. Further it is observed that in contrast to the non-relativistic results [A. Hirose, Plasma Phys. 20, 481 (1978)] at the saturation point, the ratio of electrostatic field energy density (∑k|Ek|2/8π) to initial drift kinetic energy density (W0) scales with γe0 as ∼1/γe02. This novel result on the scaling of energy densities has been found to be in quantitative agreement with the scalings derived using fluid theory.
Theoretical and phenomenological analogies between flash sintering and dielectric breakdown in α-alumina
Authors: Biesuz Mattia , Luchi Piero , Quaranta Alberto , Sglavo Vincenzo M.
Published: October 2016

α-alumina pre-sintered samples were subjected to flash sintering at 1200 °C under differing electric field strengths. The analysis of the relation between the incubation time and pre-sintering temperature clearly shows that the presence of pores and surfaces within the sample plays a central role in field-assisted sintering behavior of the material. The observed behavior is accounted for by the strong non-linear electrical conductivity shown by porous alumina at high field strength. The observed non-ohmic conductivity can also be related to the “pre-breakdown” behavior previously described by Frenkel. Literature results suggest that the field involved in flash sintering of alumina is comparable with the dielectric strength at high temperature. We can also state that dielectric breakdown and flash sintering in alumina are associated with similar physical phenomena.
The enhanced performance of 3C-SiC photocathodes for the generation of hydrogen through the use of cocatalysts
Authors: Ichikawa Naoto , Kato Masashi , Ichimura Masaya
Published: October 2016

We formed Pt or Pd particles as cocatalysts on a 3C-SiC photocathode. Photocurrents from the 3C-SiC photocathodes increased by presence of the cocatalysts, and there was an optimum particle size of cocatalysts for the photocurrents. By the measurements of chopped light photocurrent-voltage characteristics and spectral responses, we also confirmed the enhanced charge transfer from the 3C-SiC photocathodes to hydrogen owing to the presence of cocatalysts. A 3C-SiC photocathode with Pt cocatalysts showed the highest hydrogen production volume by water splitting. The energy conversion efficiency of the 3C-SiC photocathode with Pt cocatalysts was 0.52%.
The innovative progressive aspect of Black South African English
Authors: van Rooy Bertus , Kruger Haidee
Published: October 2016

Conflicting findings are reported for New Englishes and Learner Englishes: similarities are identified mainly on psycholinguistic grounds and differences on sociolinguistic grounds. This article offers an analysis of the progressive form in Black South African English, in which the interaction between gradual increases in proficiency and normative interventions by explicit feedback and editing of published texts is examined to establish the route towards conventionalisation of innovative features. The results indicate that one innovative feature, the extension of the progressive to longer time spans, becomes established as a feature of the variety, but other potential innovations gradually disappear under normative influence and with increased proficiency. Innovations are likely to be accepted if they are insufficiently salient to be targeted for normative correction and sufficiently present in the written and spoken input to become entrenched in the grammatical representations of learners as they turn into advanced users of the New English.
“It’s always different when you look something from the inside”
Authors: Brunner Marie-Louise , Diemer Stefan , Schmidt Selina
Published: October 2016

The article discusses linguistic creativity in informal Skype conversations between university students from eight different European countries. The basis for the study is theCorpus of Academic Spoken English(CASE), a corpus of Skype conversations in an English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) context. With the help of qualitative examples, the article examines innovative language use and proposes a taxonomy for functionally accepted innovations, distinguishing instances of L1 influence, approximations and ad hoc innovation. Our findings point towards an assertive and creative perspective on language use, which seems to have a positive influence on the communicative setting, e.g. illustrated by code-switching in combination with laughter. CASE participants use non-standard forms and innovations freely, accommodating to each others’ language use. They also establish their own ephemeral communication strategies and showcase and emphasize their respective language and cultural backgrounds.
Cross-cultural variation in deliberate metaphor interpretation
Authors: Musolff Andreas
Published: October 2016

The distinction between ‘deliberate’ and ‘non deliberate’ metaphors has been developed within a five-step framework (Steen) of metaphor production. Deliberate metaphors invite the addressee to pay special attention to their cross-domain structure mapping rather than focusing primarily on the topical proposition. This paper presents results of a pilot survey eliciting interpretations for the metaphors a nation is a body/a nation is a person from an international sample of respondents in 10 different countries. ESL/EFL users from diverse cultural and/or linguistic backgrounds were asked to apply the metaphorical idiombody politicto their home nations. The responses show systematic variation in preferred metaphor interpretations, some of which can be linked to dominant cultural traditions, as well as evidence of polemical and/or ironic elaboration. Neither of these findings is predicted by classic conceptualist models that describe metaphor understanding as an automatic and unconscious process. Instead, when paying special attention to metaphoricity, informants seem to have chosen between diverse interpretation versions and in some cases to have elaborated them further to achieve social pragmatic effects. These findings provide new supporting evidence for Deliberate Metaphor Theory by highlighting deliberateness in metaphor interpretation and outlining perspectives for further empirical testing of metaphor understanding in specific registers and usage contexts (e.g., political discourse, EFL/ESL acquisition).
On the typology of negative concord
Authors: van der Auwera Johan , Van Alsenoy Lauren
Published: October 2016

This paper has three main points. First, contrary to what is often stated, negative concord is not all that frequent and certainly not the most frequent strategy to express single clausal negation in a clause with an indefinite noun phrase or adverbial in the scope of the negation. Second, the subtype of negative concord called ‘strict negative concord’ is much more frequent than the subtype of ‘non-strict negative concord’. These two claims are based on a worldwide sample of 179 languages. Third, it is argued that non-strict negative concord shows too much variation for it to be seen as the one choice of a two-way split between strict and non-strict negative concord. Given the relative rarity of non-strict negative concord, this claim is not based on the worldwide sample, but on a survey of the research literature.
A Lota lota Consumption: Trophic Dynamics of Nonnative Burbot in a Valuable Sport Fishery
Authors: Klobucar Stephen L. , Saunders W. Carl , Budy Phaedra
Published: October 2016

Unintentional and illegal introductions of species disrupt food webs and threaten the success of managed sport fisheries. Although many populations of Burbot Lota lota are declining in the species’ native range, a nonnative population recently expanded into Flaming Gorge Reservoir (FGR), Wyoming–Utah, and threatens to disrupt predator–prey interactions within this popular sport fishery. To determine potential impacts on sport fishes, especially trophy Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush, we assessed the relative abundance of Burbot and quantified the potential trophic or food web impacts of this population by using diet, stable isotope, and bioenergetic analyses. We did not detect a significant potential for food resource competition between Burbot and Lake Trout (Schoener's overlap index = 0.13), but overall consumption by Burbot likely affects other sport fishes, as indicated by our analyses of trophic niche space. Diet analyses suggested that crayfish were important diet items across time (89.3% of prey by weight in autumn; 49.4% in winter) and across Burbot size‐classes (small: 77.5% of prey by weight; medium: 76.6%; large: 39.7%). However, overall consumption by Burbot increases as water temperatures cool, and fish consumption by Burbot in FGR was observed to increase during winter. Specifically, large Burbot consumed more salmonids, and we estimated (bioenergetically) that up to 70% of growth occurred in late autumn and winter. Further, our population‐wide consumption estimates indicated that Burbot could consume up to double the biomass of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss stocked annually (>1.3 × 105 kg; >1 million individuals) into FGR. Overall, we provide some of the first information regarding Burbot trophic interactions outside of the species’ native range; these findings can help to inform the management of sport fisheries if Burbot range expansion occurs elsewhere.

Received March 18, 2016; accepted August 15, 2016 Published online October 14, 2016
Introduction: current developments in psychotherapy process research / Introducción: desarrollos actuales en la investigación del proceso psicoterapéutico
Authors: Krause Mariane , Altimir Carolina
Published: October 2016

The questions that guide psychotherapy process research are: what changes in psychotherapy? And, how does that change occur? These questions have been present in clinical settings and psychotherapy research for decades, generating a substantial amount of knowledge for the discipline. Based on a questioning of the limitations of traditional psychotherapy research, whose primary focus has been the study of final outcomes of treatment, this area of research has exposed important conceptual and methodological proposals for the study of the process. Despite its long and productive tradition, research into the psychotherapeutic process is currently gathering a new momentum from the growing conviction of the need to focus efforts on studies that can account for the elements, mechanisms and processes associated with change. In this introduction we organize the field of psychotherapy process research, according to its units of analysis — macro- or micro-processes — and the foci on which they are based: content, factors and mechanisms of change. The different ways in which these components are organized are exemplified with the articles included in this monograph. We then give an overview of the most used methods in this field of study, also referring to the studies that report on the application of these methods in this special issue of Studies in Psychology.
Allgöwer–Donati Versus Vertical Mattress Suture Technique Impact on Perfusion in Ankle Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial Using Intraoperative Angiography
Authors: Shannon Steven F. , Houdek Matthew T. , Wyles Cody C. , Yuan Brandon J. , Cross William W. , Cass Joseph R. , Sems Stephen A.
Published: October 2016

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate which primary wound closure technique for ankle fractures affords the most robust perfusion as measured by laser-assisted indocyanine green angiography: Allgöwer–Donati or vertical mattress.

Design:

Prospective, randomized.

Setting:

Level 1 Academic Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:

Thirty patients undergoing open reduction internal fixation for ankle fractures were prospectively randomized to Allgöwer–Donati (n = 15) or vertical mattress (n = 15) closure. Demographics were similar for both cohorts with respect to age, sex, body mass index, surgical timing, and OTA/AO fracture classification.

Main Outcome Measurements:

Skin perfusion (mean incision perfusion and mean perfusion impairment) was quantified in fluorescence units with laser-assisted indocyanine green angiography along the lateral incision as well as anterior and posterior to the incision at 30 separate locations. Minimum follow-up was 3 months with a mean follow-up 4.7 months.

Results:

Allgöwer–Donati enabled superior perfusion compared with the vertical mattress suture technique. Mean incision perfusion for Allgöwer–Donati was 51 (SD = 13) and for vertical mattress was 28 (SD = 10, P < 0.0001). Mean perfusion impairment was less in the Allgöwer–Donati cohort (12.8, SD = 9) compared with that in the vertical mattress cohort (23.4, SD = 14; P = 0.03). One patient in each cohort experienced a wound complication.

Conclusions:

The Allgöwer–Donati suture technique offers improved incision perfusion compared with vertical mattress closure after open reduction internal fixation of ankle fractures. Theoretically, this may enhance soft tissue healing and decrease the risk of wound complications. Surgeons may take this into consideration when deciding closure techniques for ankle fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
APC Injuries With Symphyseal Fixation: What Affects Outcome?
Authors: Lybrand Kyle , Bell Anthony , Rodericks Deirdre , Templeman David , Tornetta Paul
Published: October 2016

Objective:

To evaluate the influence of the symphyseal position at union, implant failure, and the type of posterior ring injury on validated outcome measures.

Design:

Retrospective review with prospectively collected validated outcome data.

Setting:

Two academic level 1 trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:

We evaluated 54 patients with operatively treated anterior-posterior compression (APC) type 2 and 3 injuries.

Intervention:

Thirty-five APC type 2 and 19 APC type 3 injuries were reviewed at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Average follow-up was 7 years.

Main Outcome Measures:

Patients were evaluated with validated EuroQol five dimensions (EQ5D), EuroQol health index, Visual Analog Score (VAS) pain, Majeed pelvic scores, and change in work status. The final anterior-posterior (AP) radiograph available was reviewed for implant failure and displacement. Revision surgery was documented based on implant status and displacement at final follow-up.

Results:

There were trends toward better outcomes for APC type 2 for EQ5D and VAS pain. Patients with injury severity score (ISS) >16 had worse reported health, Majeed scores, and VAS pain. Nineteen patients had failure of fixation. There were no differences in any outcome measure; trends toward better Majeed score were found for patients with intact fixation. Displacements >15 mm anteriorly at final follow-up negatively affect outcomes with significantly worse EQ5D, reported health, and Majeed score. Two patients required revision surgery. There were no differences in final outcomes.

Conclusions:

No significant differences were found for APC type 2 versus type 3 injuries. Higher injury severity score resulted in worse outcomes and more pain. Outcomes were not effected by implant failure; however, major loss of reduction (>15 mm) anteriorly did negatively impact outcomes. Patients with failure who were revised to union did not have worse outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Microneedling: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hou Angela , Cohen Brandon , Haimovic Adele , Elbuluk Nada
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Microneedling is a minimally invasive procedure that uses fine needles to puncture the epidermis. The microwounds created stimulate the release of growth factors and induce collagen production. The epidermis remains relatively intact, therefore helping to limit adverse events. The indications for microneedling therapy have grown significantly, and it is becoming a more widely used treatment in dermatology.

OBJECTIVE

A comprehensive review of microneedling in human subjects and its applications in dermatology.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

A search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Science Direct databases. Search terms included “microneedling,” “needling,” and “percutaneous collagen induction.” All available studies involving human subjects were included in the discussion, with priority given to prospective, randomized trials.

RESULTS

Studies demonstrate microneedling efficacy and safety for the treatment of scars, acne, melasma, photodamage, skin rejuvenation, hyperhidrosis and alopecia and for facilitation of transdermal drug delivery. While permanent adverse events are uncommon, transient erythema and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation are more commonly reported.

CONCLUSION

Microneedling appears to be an overall effective and safe therapeutic option for numerous dermatologic conditions. Larger and more randomized controlled trials are needed to provide greater data on the use of microneedling for different dermatologic conditions in different skin types.
LASSBio-1422: a new molecular scaffold with efficacy in animal models of schizophrenia and disorders of attention and cognition
Authors: Betti Andresa H. , Antonio Camila B. , Pompeu Thais E.T. , Martins Thaise S. , Herzfeldt Vivian , Stolz Eveline D. , Fraga Carlos A.M. , Barreiro Eliezer , Noël François , Rates Stela M.K.
Published: October 2016

Aiming to identify new antipsychotic lead-compounds, our group has been working on the design and synthesis of new N-phenylpiperazine derivatives. Here, we characterized LASSBio-1422 as a pharmacological prototype of this chemical series. Adult male Wistar rats and CF1 mice were used for in-vitro and in-vivo assays, respectively. LASSBio-1422 [1 and 5 mg/kg, postoperatively (p.o.)] inhibited apomorphine-induced climbing as well as ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion (1 and 5 mg/kg, p.o.), animal models predictive of efficacy on positive symptoms. Furthermore, LASSBio-1422 (5 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented the prepulse impairment induced by apomorphine, (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, and ketamine, as well as the memory impairment induced by ketamine in the novel object-recognition task at the acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval phases of memory formation. Potential extrapyramidal side-effects and sedation were assessed by catatonia, rota-rod, locomotion, and barbiturate sleeping time, and LASSBio-1422 (15 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect any of the parameters observed. Binding assays showed that LASSBio-1422 has a binding profile different from the known atypical antipsychotic drugs: it does not bind to AMPA, kainate, N-methyl-d-aspartate, glicine, and mGluR2 receptors and has low or negligible affinity for D1, D2, and 5-HT2A/C receptors, but high affinity for D4 receptors (K
i=0.076 µmol/l) and, to a lesser extent, for 5-HT1A receptors (K
i=0.493 µmol/l). The antagonist action of LASSBio-1422 at D4 receptors was assessed through the classical GTP-shift assay. In conclusion, LASSBio-1422 is effective in rodent models of positive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and its ability to bind to D4 and 5-HT1A receptors may at least in part explain its effects in these animal models.
The Relationship Between Morphology and Function of the Meibomian Glands
Authors: Kim Hyo Myung , Eom Youngsub , Song Jong Suk
Published: October 2016

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a leading cause of dry eye disease (DED). Meibomian gland dysfunction is divided into two major categories based on meibomian gland secretion: low delivery and high delivery. The low-delivery states are further classified as either hyposecretory or obstructive subtype, and the high-delivery state is termed “hypersecretory MGD.” Two parameters are commonly used to evaluate meibomian gland function: lipid layer thickness and meibum quality and expressibility. To evaluate the morphology of meibomian glands, meibography is used to detect meibomian gland dropout. Functional and morphological changes of meibomian glands are often thought to be well correlated; in reality, many cases do not because some patients have characteristics of both hypersecretory and obstructive subtypes. We suggest that the MGD classification system should be modified to include a mixed subtype to explain such patients.
Biofilm Formation on Bandage Contact Lenses Worn by Patients with the Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis: A Pilot Comparison Study of Prophylactic Topical Vancomycin 15 mg/mL and Linezolid 0.2%
Authors: Farooq Asim V. , Hou Joshua H. , Jassim Sarmad , Haq Zeeshan , Tu Elmer Y. , de la Cruz Jose , Cortina Maria S.
Published: October 2016

Objectives:

To determine the rate of biofilm formation on bandage contact lenses worn by patients with the Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (K-Pro) while on prophylactic topical vancomycin versus linezolid.

Methods:

Patients wearing a bandage contact lens (BCL) with a K-Pro were eligible for enrollment. After irrigation of the ocular surface with 5% povidone-iodine solution, each patient was placed on either topical vancomycin 15 mg/mL or linezolid 0.2% BID for one month. At the one-month visit, the BCL was collected and stored in fixative solution. Standard photographs were taken of each lens at high magnification using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which were subsequently analyzed for evidence of biofilm.

Results:

Nineteen contact lenses were obtained from 12 K-Pro patients at the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary. Zero of eight (0%; 95% CI=0 to 37%) contact lenses from patients treated with topical vancomycin, and 1 of 11 (9%; 95% CI=0 to 41%; P-value=1.00) contact lenses from patients treated with topical linezolid were found to have biofilm formation at one month as detected by SEM. None of the patients developed a clinically significant infection while on either prophylactic vancomycin or linezolid during the study period.

Conclusions:

Overall, the rate of biofilm formation as detected by SEM on the surface of bandage contact lenses was low. These results suggest that vancomycin and linezolid are both relatively effective in reducing biofilm-forming bacterial growth at one month. Accordingly, linezolid may be an effective alternative to vancomycin in patients with allergy or intolerance. However, further investigation is required to develop evidence-based antibiotic prophylaxis regimens.
Mooren Ulcer in a Child Wearing Orthokeratology Contact Lenses
Authors: Kim Jaeyoung , Kim Mee Kum , Wee Won Ryang , Oh Joo Youn
Published: October 2016

Purpose:

To report a case of Mooren ulcer that developed in a pediatric patient wearing orthokeratology overnight contact lenses.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

A 10-year-old boy was referred to our clinic because of progressive peripheral corneal ulcer in the right eye, despite the intensive use of fortified antibiotic eye drops. The patient had been using overnight orthokeratology lenses for 4 months before presentation of corneal ulcer. There was no other history of ocular or systemic trauma and disorders. Microbiological tests of the lesion were negative. Systemic evaluation showed no sign of rheumatologic disease. Under a diagnosis of Mooren ulcer, the patient was treated with topical and systemic corticosteroids. After four weeks of treatment, the patient's symptoms rapidly disappeared, and corneal ulcer was healed. The vision recovered to normal with the correction of with-the-rule astigmatism.

Conclusions:

Mooren ulcer can develop in pediatric patients wearing orthokeratology contact lenses. Given rapid progression of Mooren ulcer in a young population, early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential to prevent a devastating outcome.
Bayesian Analysis of High Throughput Data
Authors: Ma Eric J. , Hussein Islam T. M. , Zhong Vivian J. , Bandoro Christopher , Runstadler Jonathan A.
Published: October 2016

Duplicate or triplicate experimental replicates are commonplace in the high throughput literature. However, it has not been tested whether this is statistically defensible or not. To address this issue, we use probabilistic programming to develop a simple hierarchical model for analyzing high throughput measurement data. With the model and simulated data, we show that a small increase in replicate experiments can quantitatively improve accuracy in measurement. We also provide posterior densities for statistical parameters used in the evaluation of HT data. Finally, we provide an extensible open source implementation that ingests data structured in a simple format and produces posterior densities of estimated measurement and assay evaluation parameters.