bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking global leadership to domestic legitimacy: Comparative analysis of perceptions of Xi and Obama
Authors: Kim Myunghee , Cao Xiongwei
Published: August 2021

Objectives

As a one‐party state, the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party rule and the leader, Xi, stems from unique sources. This article examines those sources of legitimacy in China and compares those with the United States and its leader, President Obama.

Methods

Data from the 2014 Pew Global Attitude Survey are analyzed using ordered logistic regressions to test three main hypotheses: the vertical trust leakage hypothesis, the new Cultural Revolution hypothesis, and the parallel upward mobility hypothesis.

Results

Xi's anti‐corruption efforts against governmental officials create perceptions of Xi as a moral leader who protects citizens from corrupt local officials. Growing censorship in China prevents intellectuals from questioning Xi's power. The Chinese Dream campaign spearheaded by Xi blends nationalism and populism.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that Xi's strategy to portray him as a moral leader, the suppression of intellectuals and advocacy of the Chinese Dream campaign yields strong confidence from Chinese citizens.
The novel HLA‐B*40:489 allele identified in a Korean hematopoietic stem cell donor
Authors: Byun Jung‐Hyun , Choi Sooin , Lee Gyeong‐Won , Koh Eun‐Ha , Park Younhee
Published: August 2021

Single nucleotide substitution in codon 140 of HLA‐B*40:02:01:01 results in the novel HLA‐B*40:489 allele.
Terraces mapping by using deep learning approach from remote sensing images and digital elevation models
Authors: Zhao Fei , Xiong Li‐Yang , Wang Chun , Wang Hao‐Ran , Wei Hong , Tang Guo‐An
Published: August 2021

Terraces are striking artificial landforms on slopes and are widely distributed in the world. Terraces are vital to soil and water conservation and agricultural production. However, the automatic extraction of terraces entails certain drawbacks, such as low accuracy and poor generalization ability. This study proposes a novel approach to automatically extract terraces from remote sensing images and digital elevation models (DEMs) with high precision. First, terrace samples with annotated images are collected to train the model. Then, three sample areas with varying field conditions in the Loess Plateau are selected as the experimental data to extract the terraces. DEMs are used to eliminate the noise. Subsequently, the visual interpretation results are used to evaluate the accuracy of the extraction results. Furthermore, the proposed approach is compared with the spectral angle mapper approach. Results indicate the advantages of adopting the proposed approach, which is flexible and applicable to complex terrace conditions.
Achieving Better Power Plant Guarantees Through a New Exergy-Based Approach for the HRSG
Authors: Smith Raub W.
Published: August 2021

The best assurance an owner has to maximize the performance of the entire combined cycle power plant is the perfect alignment of heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) performance guarantee metrics to this goal. Currently, HRSG equipment performance guarantees include steam generation rates and steam temperature at each pressure level plus draft loss and reheater pressure drop. This profusion of guaranteed parameters with multiple bonus/liquidated damages (LD) rates is not always well correlated to the customer's ultimate goal of delivering power from the bottoming cycle since the behavior of each steam generation circuit is a complex function of steam pressure, steam turbine performance, and gas turbine exhaust temperature. This paper proposes a solution that normalizes and combines all HRSG performance measurements into a single value directly and reliably tied to the customer value metric (which may be different for fired and unfired operation or other load points). This is achieved by expressing the HRSG performance guarantee in terms of exergy recovered to steam and plant exergy loss attributable to the HRSG (gas side draft loss). This will be shown, with examples, to serve the goals of the customer to confirm by test that an HRSG delivers the promised steam exergy consistent with the plant level performance requirement.
Multi-Doped Interconnected Carbon Nanospheres for High-Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Lin Shiying , Mo Lanlan , Lyu Tao , Wang Feijun
Published: August 2021

Heteroatom doping is an effective modification to improve electrochemical performance of carbon materials as electrodes in storage devices and multi-doping works better because of the synergistic effect. In this report, N/O/S multi-doped carbon nanospheres (SLS/PANI-700) are prepared from crosslinking hydrogel beads of polyaniline and sodium lignosulfonate. The addition of sodium lignosulfonate improves the electrochemical performance of PANI-based carbon significantly by changing micromorphology, building interconnected network, and offering diverse doping. SLS/PANI-700 has an ultrahigh specific surface area of 2861 m2 g−1, well-developed hierarchically porous structure, interconnected conducting carbon network, and high N and O concentration. Take these advantages, it delivers a very high capacitance of 487.7 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and a superior rate retention with a capacitance of 373.6 F g−1 at a high current density of 20 A g−1 as electrode material. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor device exhibits a very high energy density of 43.68 Wh kg−1 at 488.98 W kg−1 and keeps 21.18 Wh kg−1 under a high power density of 8664.54 W kg−1. Based on these properties, SLS/PANI-700 possesses great promising potential as electrode material for advanced supercapacitors.
A Comparison of the Effects of Sodium Borohydride-Based Hydrogen Storage System and Compressed Hydrogen Storage Tank on the Fuel Cell Vehicle Performance
Authors: Yüksel Alpaydın Ceren , Colpan C. Ozgur , Karaoğlan Mustafa Umut , Karahan Gülbay Senem
Published: August 2021

Thanks to its features such as being harmless to the environment, not creating noise pollution, and reducing oil dependence, many countries have started promoting the use of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and making plans on enhancing their hydrogen infrastructure. One of the main challenges with the FCVs is the selection of an effective hydrogen storage unit. Compressed gas tanks are mostly used as the hydrogen storage in the FCVs produced to date. However, the high amount of energy spent on the compression process and the manufacturing cost of high-safety composite tanks are the main problems to be overcome. Among different storage alternatives, boron compounds, which can be easily hydrolyzed at ambient temperature and pressure to produce hydrogen, are promising hydrogen storage materials. In this study, a 700-bar compressed gas tank and a sodium borohydride (NaBH4)-based hydrogen storage system are compared for a passenger fuel cell vehicle in terms of the range of the vehicle. The energy storage and production system of the FCV were modeled in matlabsimulink® environment coupling the modeling equations of each component after finding the power requirement of the vehicle through vehicle dynamics. Then, the simulations were performed using the speed profile of the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) and the acceleration requirements. According to the simulation results, the NaBH4-based hydrogen storage system provided a 4.42% more range than the compressed gas tank.
Taxonomy of European Damaeidae IX. Contribution to the revision of the genus Belba von Heyden, 1826 (Acari, Oribatida)
Authors: Miko Ladislav
Published: August 2021

Genus Belba von Heyden, 1826 sensu lato is revisited on the basis of its suspected polyphyly. New, narrowed and monophyletic definition of Belba is given and Piribelba gen. nov., Eubelba gen. nov. and Arboribelba gen. nov. are proposed as new genera within this group, for well defined groupings of species with shared apomorphies. Additional information on recently defined genus Tokukobelba Lamos, 2016 is provided. Most of known species of Belba sensu lato are attributed to the new genera, few remaining species are not sufficiently known to be undoubtely combined with proposed genera. Differential characters of all genera within the group including the newly proposed genera is given in the form of detailed determination key. Species Belba patelloides (Michael, 1890) is redecribed on the basis of topotypical material. On the basis of types and additional topotypical material, Belba bartosi Winkler, 1955 is redescribed and confirmed as separate taxon; previous synonymy of bartosi and patelloides is rejected. Additional information on B. corynopus (Hermann, 1804), type species of the genus, is given and other species belonging to newly defined genus Belba are discussed. Determination key for all species of Belba is provided. Individuals of Tokukobelba compta (Kulczynski, 1902) from different parts of Europe were compared with topotypical specimens from Tatra Mountains, and additional information about species morphology and its variability is provided. Proposed synonymy of T. compta and Tokukobelba verrucosa (Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1962) is analysed and discussed.
Depth-resolved cathodoluminescence and surface photovoltage spectroscopies of gallium vacancies in β-Ga2O3 with neutron irradiation and forming gas anneals
Authors: Gao Hantian , Muralidharan Shreyas , Karim Md Rezaul , Cao Lei R. , Leedy Kevin D. , Zhao Hongping , Rajan Siddharth , Look David C. , Brillson Leonard J.
Published: August 2021

The gallium vacancy is one of the dominant native point defects in β-Ga2O3, one that, together with its complexes, can have a major effect on free carrier densities and transport in this wide bandgap semiconductor. We used a combination of depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and surface photovoltage spectroscopy to identify the optical and energy-level properties of these defects as well as how their defect densities and spatial distributions vary with neutron irradiation and temperature-dependent-forming gas anneals. These studies reveal optical signatures that align closely with theoretical energy-level predictions. Likewise, our optical techniques reveal variations in these defect densities that are consistent with hydrogen passivation of gallium vacancies as a function of temperature and depth from the free Ga2O3 surface. These techniques can help guide the understanding and control of dominant native point defects in Ga2O3.
Single-electron spin resonance in a nanoelectronic device using a global field
Authors: Vahapoglu Ensar , Slack-Smith James P. , Leon Ross C. C. , Lim Wee Han , Hudson Fay E. , Day Tom , Tanttu Tuomo , Yang Chih Hwan , Laucht Arne , Dzurak Andrew S. , Pla Jarryd J.
Published: August 2021

Large-scale qubit control in spin-based quantum computers can be realized using a global microwave field, generated off chip.
Nanodissected elastically loaded clathrin lattices relax to increased curvature
Authors: Tagiltsev Grigory , Haselwandter Christoph A. , Scheuring Simon
Published: August 2021

Clathrin-coated pits mature stochastically through release of elastic energy stored in the clathrin coat.
A two-step strategy for delivering particles to targets hidden within microfabricated porous media
Authors: Tan Huanshu , Banerjee Anirudha , Shi Nan , Tang Xiaoyu , Abdel-Fattah Amr , Squires Todd M.
Published: August 2021

Our strategy delivers colloidal objects to targets within porous media without needing to know the location of the targets.
Structural and biochemical advances on the recruitment of the autophagy-initiating ULK and TBK1 complexes by autophagy receptor NDP52
Authors: Fu Tao , Zhang Mingfang , Zhou Zixuan , Wu Ping , Peng Chao , Wang Yingli , Gong Xinyu , Li Ying , Wang Yaru , Xu Xiaolong , Li Miao , Shen Liqiang , Pan Lifeng
Published: August 2021

Structural studies reveal a previously unknown molecular mechanism of selective autophagy processes mediated by autophagy receptor NDP52.
Zooming in on T cell clones: Are we heading to personalized treatment of allergy?
Authors: Morgenstern Netali Ben-Baruch , Rochman Mark , Rothenberg Marc E.
Published: August 2021

Single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing analysis of peripheral blood and esophageal cells from patients with eosinophilic esophagitis uncovers evidence for an antigen-restricted set of T
H
2 cells detected in the blood and enriched in the esophagus (see related Research Article by Morgan
et al.
).
Supplemental Material: Geochronology of the Wrangell Arc: Spatial-temporal evolution of slab edge magmatism along a flat slab subduction-transform transition, Alaska-Yukon
Authors: Trop J.M. , al. et
Published: August 2021

Item S1: Physiographic aspects of the Wrangell Arc that make bedrock sampling challenging, including scale of eruptive centers and glaciated, rugged, roadless terrain. Item S2: Photomicrographs of representative sand samples from modern rivers showing abundant volcanic lithic grains. Item S3: Modern river sediment sample location information. Item S4: Methods for calculating watershed boundaries, surface area of ice, surficial deposits, and bedrock, and geochronologic samples. Item S5: Summary of surface area of ice, surficial deposits, and bedrock within sampled watersheds. Item S6: 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb analytical details. Item S7: New igneous bedrock 40Ar/39Ar fusion data. Item S8: Previously reported igneous bedrock data. Item S9: Detrital cobble-sized 40Ar/39Ar (DARL) fusion data. Item S10: Detrital sand-sized 40Ar/39Ar (DARL) step-heat data. Item S11: Detrital sand-sized volcanic-lithic 40Ar/39Ar (DARL) fusion data. Item S12: Detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb age data. Item S13: Examples of differences between detrital zircon (DZ) vs. volcanic lithic (DARL) dates.
Effect of Soil Degradation and Remediation in Technogenic Barrens on the Uptake of Nutrients and Heavy Metals by Plants in the Kola Subarctic
Authors: Koptsik G. N. , Koptsik S. V. , Smirnova I. E. , Sinichkina M. A.
Published: August 2021

To assess the state of plants and their response to changes in soil properties, the elemental composition of leaves of widespread and pollution-tolerant species Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Salix caprea L. has been studied near the nonferrous metallurgy enterprises in the Kola Peninsula. The content of nutrients and heavy metals in the leaves of undergrowth on technogenic barrens and remediation sites differing in remediation technologies has been analyzed. According to the results of leaf diagnostics, both species under barren conditions are characterized by a noticeable deficiency of K, Ca, P, and, especially, Mn and Zn. The leaves of both species accumulate Ni, Cu, Co, As, Cr, Fe, Al, Pb, V, and S. Willow leaves contain more Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Al, Fe, As, S, Ca, K and less Mn than birch leaves. Chemophytostabilization has little effect, and the covering of contaminated soils with a constructed fertile layer leads to the enrichment of birch and willow leaves with Ca, K, and P. Under conditions of continuing atmospheric emissions and gradual accumulation of bioavailable heavy metals in soils after the remediation, the accumulation of metals in leaves is largely determined by the distance from the pollution source, reflecting the possibility of both root and foliar uptake. The concentrations of Ni and Cu in leaves in 2018 did not decrease compared to 2011. The low, albeit varying, ratios of the contents of heavy metals in undergrowth leaves and in the soil and weak correlation of heavy metal contents in these media indicated that B. pubescens and S. caprea retain their ability to regulate their chemical composition even under extreme conditions of technogenic barrens. At the same time, supporting the protective capabilities of plants via optimizing mineral nutrition and soil acidity in combination with a reduction in atmospheric pollution is a prerequisite for efficient remediation of technogenic territories in the Far North.
A randomised, placebo-controlled study of RIPK1 inhibitor GSK2982772 in patients with active ulcerative colitis
Authors: Weisel Kathy , Scott Nicola , Berger Scott , Wang Susanne , Brown Kurt , Powell Marcy , Broer Matthijs , Watts Clarissa , Tompson Debra J , Burriss Susan W , Hawkins Simon , Abbott-Banner Kathy , Tak Paul Peter
Published: August 2021

Objective

Tumour necrosis factor signalling via the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) pathway regulates colonic inflammation suggesting that RIPK1 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic target in ulcerative colitis (UC). This phase IIa, randomised, double-blind experimental medicine study investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and preliminary efficacy of the RIPK1 inhibitor GSK2982772 in patients with active UC.

Design

In part A, prior to a protocol amendment, one patient was randomised to receive GSK2982772 60 mg twice daily for 42 days. After the amendment, patients were randomised 2:1 to receive GSK2982772 60 mg or placebo three times daily for 42 days. In part B, all patients switched to open-label GSK2982772 60 mg three times daily for 42 days. Safety, PK, PD biomarkers, histological disease activity, clinical efficacy and quality of life were assessed at days 43 and 85.

Results

Thirty-six patients were randomised (n=12, placebo/open-label GSK2982772; n=24, GSK2982772/open-label GSK2982772). Most adverse events were mild, with headache reported the most frequently across groups (placebo/open-label GSK2982772, n=2 (17%); GSK2982772/open-label GSK2982772, n=8 (33%)). GSK2982772 was well distributed into colonic tissue, with generally higher concentrations in colonic biopsy samples versus plasma. No apparent differences between treatment groups were observed for PD, histological disease activity, clinical disease activity or quality-of-life measures. At screening, all patients had Mayo endoscopic scores of 2 or 3. At day 43, no patients in the placebo/open-label GSK2982772 group achieved Mayo endoscopic scores of 0 or 1 vs 3/24 (13%) for GSK2982772/open-label GSK2982772. At day 85, 1/9 (11%) achieved scores of 0 or one for placebo/open-label GSK2982772 vs 3/22 (14%) for GSK2982772/open-label GSK2982772.

Conclusion

GSK2982772 was generally well tolerated, with no treatment-related safety concerns identified. However, no significant differences in efficacy were observed between treatment groups, suggesting that GSK2982772 as monotherapy is not a promising treatment for patients with active UC.

Trial registration number

NCT02903966.
Signal detection of drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives: a disproportionality analysis using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database, 2008–2017
Authors: Lee Yeri , Choi Ahhyung , Noh Yunha , Jeon Ha-Lim , Choe Seung-Ah , Shin Ju-Young
Published: August 2021

Objectives

To detect the signals for drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives (DCOCs) and describe the reporting pattern of adverse events (AEs) caused by DCOCs compared with levonorgestrel/desogestrel/gestodene-containing (second/third generation) oral contraceptives.

Design

A descriptive analysis of claims data.

Setting

The Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database from 1 February 2008 to 31 December 2017.

Outcome measures

Signals for DCOCs were identified using three data mining indices. The characteristics, death cases, and the annual pattern of AE reports were compared between DCOCs and second/third generation oral contraceptives.

Results

Of the 242 DCOC-related AEs, 54 signals were detected and 10 were identified as new signals that were not included in Korea, US and UK label. The newly detected signals include deep vein thrombophlebitis and frequent urination. Serious AEs were more likely to be reported with DCOCs (7.85%) than with second/third generation oral contraceptives (2.92%). Five deaths after use of DCOCs were reported with vascular AEs, such as pulmonary embolism and thrombosis, whereas one death after use of second/third generation oral contraceptives was reported with the cardiac arrest.

Conclusions

We identified 10 new signals related to DCOCs that were not included in the current label. Additionally, we found higher reports of the deaths and vascular AEs associated with DCOCs than with second/third generation oral contraceptives, which warrants careful monitoring to ensure the safe use of DCOCs.
Kindy Moves: a protocol for establishing the feasibility of an activity-based intervention on goal attainment and motor capacity delivered within an interdisciplinary framework for preschool aged children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Pool Dayna , Elliott Catherine
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Preschool aged children with cerebral palsy (CP) and like conditions are at risk of performing below their peers in key skill areas of school readiness. Kindy Moves was developed to support school readiness in preschool aged children with CP and like conditions that are dependent on physical assistance and equipment throughout the day. The primary aims are to determine the feasibility of motor-based interventions that are functional and goal directed, adequately dosed and embedded into a play environment with interdisciplinary support to optimise goal-driven outcomes.

Methods and analysis

Forty children with CP and like conditions aged between 2 and 5 years with a Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level of III–V or equivalent, that is, dependent on physical assistance and equipment will be recruited in Western Australia. Participants will undertake a 4-week programme, comprised three, 2-hour sessions a week consisting of floor time, gross motor movement and play (30 min), locomotor treadmill training (30 min), overground walking in gait trainers (30 min) and table-top activities (30 min). The programme is group based with 3–4 children of similar GMFCS levels in each group. However, each child will be supported by their own therapist providing an interdisciplinary and goal directed approach. Primary outcomes of this feasibility study will be goal attainment (Goal Attainment Scale) and secondary outcomes will include Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, 10 metre walk test, Children’s Functional Independence Measure, Sleep Disturbance Scale, Infant and Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire, Peabody Developmental Motor Scale and Gross Motor Function Measure. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post intervention (4 weeks) and retention at the 4-week follow-up.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from Curtin University Human Ethics Committee (HRE2019-0073). Results will be disseminated through published manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and public seminars for stakeholder groups.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000064101p).
COVID-19-related stigma and its influencing factors: a nationwide cross-sectional study during the early stage of the pandemic in China
Authors: Jiang Tianyu , Zhou Xudong , Lin Leesa , Pan Yanzheng , Zhong Yuyuan , Wang Xiaomin , Zhu Hui
Published: August 2021

Objectives

To describe the situation of COVID-19-related stigma towards patients with COVID-19 and people from the city of Wuhan in China and to assess the associations between COVID-19-related stigma, health literacy and sociodemographic characteristics during March 2020, the early stage of the pandemic.

Design

A cross-sectional online survey.

Setting

The study surveyed 31 provinces in China.

Participants

This study surveyed 5039 respondents in China.

Outcome measures

Public stigma towards both patients with COVID-19 and Wuhan residents was measured. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with public COVID-19-related stigma.

Results

Among the participants, 122 (2.4%) reported themselves and 254 (5.0%) reported the communities they lived in as holding a stigmatising attitude towards patients with COVID-19, respectively. Additionally, 114 (2.5%) and 475 (10.3%) reported that themselves and the communities they lived in, respectively, held a stigma against people from Wuhan, which was the most severely affected area in China. People aged over 40, lived in areas with severe epidemics (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.03, 95% CI (1.05 to 3.92)) and who felt it difficult to find and understand information about COVID-19 (aOR=1.91, 95% CI (1.08 to 3.37); aOR=1.88, 95% CI (1.08 to 3.29)) were more likely to stigmatise patients with COVID-19. People who were male, aged 41–50 and had difficulty understanding information (aOR=2.08, 95% CI (1.17 to 3.69)) were more likely to stigmatise people from Wuhan.

Conclusions

Patients with COVID-19 and Wuhan residents suffered stigma at both the individual and the community levels. Those who had low health literacy, who lived in areas with a large number of COVID-19 cases and who were of ethnic minorities were more likely to stigmatise others. Tailored interventions are encouraged to improve health literacy and consequently to reduce public COVID-19-related stigma.
Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Emens Leisha A , Adams Sylvia , Cimino-Mathews Ashley , Disis Mary L , Gatti-Mays Margaret E , Ho Alice Y , Kalinsky Kevin , McArthur Heather L , Mittendorf Elizabeth A , Nanda Rita , Page David B , Rugo Hope S , Rubin Krista M , Soliman Hatem , Spears Patricia A , Tolaney Sara M , Litton Jennifer K
Published: August 2021

Breast cancer has historically been a disease for which immunotherapy was largely unavailable. Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has demonstrated efficacy, including longer progression-free survival and increased overall survival in subsets of patients. Based on clinical benefit in randomized trials, ICIs in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of some patients with advanced/metastatic TNBC have been approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA), expanding options for patients. Ongoing questions remain, however, about the optimal chemotherapy backbone for immunotherapy, appropriate biomarker-based selection of patients for treatment, the optimal strategy for immunotherapy treatment in earlier stage disease, and potential use in histological subtypes other than TNBC. To provide guidance to the oncology community on these and other important concerns, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts to develop a clinical practice guideline (CPG). The expert panel drew upon the published literature as well as their clinical experience to develop recommendations for healthcare professionals on these important aspects of immunotherapeutic treatment for breast cancer, including diagnostic testing, treatment planning, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and patient quality of life (QOL) considerations. The evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations in this CPG are intended to give guidance to cancer care providers treating patients with breast cancer.
The framework for a common origin of $$\delta _{\mathrm{CKM}}$$ and $$\delta _{\mathrm{PMNS}}$$
Authors: Alves Joao M. , Botella Francisco J. , Branco Gustavo C. , Cornet-Gomez Fernando , Nebot Miguel
Published: August 2021

We analyse a possible connection between CP violations in the quark and lepton sectors, parametrised by the CKM and PMNS phases. If one assumes that CP breaking arises from complex Yukawa couplings, both in the quark and lepton sectors, the above connection is not possible in general, since Yukawa couplings in the two sectors have independent flavour structures. We show that both the CKM and PMNS phases can instead be generated by a vacuum phase in a class of two Higgs doublet models, and in this case a connection may be established. This scenario requires the presence of scalar FCNC at tree level, both in the quark and lepton sectors. The appearance of these FCNC is an obstacle and a blessing. An obstacle since one has to analyse which models are able to conform to the strict experimental limits on FCNC, both in the quark and lepton sectors. A blessing, because this class of models is falsifiable since FCNC arise at a level which can be probed experimentally in the near future, specially in the processes $$\mathrm{h}\rightarrow e^\pm \tau ^\mp $$

h
→

e
±

τ
∓

and $$t\rightarrow \mathrm{h}c$$

t
→
h
c

. The connection between CP violations in CKM and PMNS is explicitely illustrated in models with Minimal Flavour Violation.
Anisotropic stars via embedding approach in Brans–Dicke gravity
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Singh Ksh. Newton , Govender M. , Errehymy Abdelghani , Tello-Ortiz Francisco
Published: August 2021

In the present article, the solution of the Einstein–Maxwell field equations in the presence of a massive scalar field under the Brans-Dicke (BD) gravity is obtained via embedding approach, which describes a charged anisotropic strange star model. The interior spacetime is described by a spherically symmetric static metric of embedding class I. This reduces the problem to a single-generating function of the metric potential which is chosen by appealing to physics based on regularity at each interior point of the stellar interior. The resulting model is subjected to rigorous physical checks based on stability, causality and regularity for particular object PSR J1903+327. We also show that our solutions describe compact objects such as PSR J1903+327; Cen X-3; EXO 1785-248 and LMC X-4 to an excellent approximation. Novel results of our investigation reveal that the scalar field leads to higher surface charge densities which in turn affects the compactness and upper and lower values imposed by the modified Buchdahl limit for charged stars. Our results also show that the electric field and scalar field which originate from entirely different sources couple to alter physical characteristics such as mass-radius relation and surface redshift of compact objects. This superposition of the electric and scalar fields is enhanced by an increase in the BD coupling constant,$$\omega _{BD}$$ωBD.
Lump solutions to a generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Ito equation
Authors: Ding Liyuan , Ma Wen-Xiu , Huang Yehui
Published: August 2021

A (2+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Ito equation is introduced. Upon adding some second-order derivative terms, its various lump solutions are explicitly constructed by utilizing the Hirota bilinear method and calculated through the symbolic computation system Maple. Furthermore, two specific lump solutions are obtained with particular choices of the parameters and their dynamical behaviors are analyzed through three-dimensional plots and contour plots.
Diverse bistable dark novel explicit wave solutions of cubic–quintic nonlinear Helmholtz model
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: August 2021

This paper examines three different recent computational schemes (extended simplest equation (ESE) method, modified Kudryashov (MKud) method, and modified Khater (MKha) method) for obtaining novel solitary wave solutions of cubic–quintic nonlinear Helmholtz (CQ–NLH) model. This model is considered as a general model of the well-known Schrödinger equation where it takes into account the effects of backward scattering that are neglected in the more common nonlinear Schrödinger model. Many distinct wave solutions are explained in the different formulas, such as trigonometric, rational, and hyperbolic formulas. These solutions are described in some precise sketches in two- and three-dimensional. The methods’ performance is explained to demonstrate their effectiveness and power.
Mechanism of terahertz reflection enhancement on photo-excited MEH-PPV/PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid structure
Authors: Liu Yangqi , Li Xiang , Yang Tingting , Liu Jingyu , Liu Bin , Shen Jingling , Zhang Bo , Wang Fuhe
Published: August 2021

The mechanism of enhanced reflection of terahertz wave via photoexcitation of a poly[2-methoxy-5-(2[Formula: see text]-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV)/poly(3-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid structure on silicon is reported. The reflectivity and incident angles measured for different samples conform to Brewster’s law. When the sample was excited by a continuous wave 450 nm laser at two randomly selected angles, the reflectivity of sample increased. According to the Fresnel equations, this phenomenon is related to the conductivity and refractive index of the sample. In calculated time-domain spectra excited by the laser at various power densities, the enhanced terahertz reflectivity is attributed to conductivity changes rather than the refractive index.
Fear Induced Multistability in a Predator-Prey Model
Authors: Pati N. C. , Garai Shilpa , Hossain Mainul , Layek G. C. , Pal Nikhil
Published: August 2021

In ecology, the predator’s impact goes beyond just killing the prey. In the present work, we explore the role of fear in the dynamics of a discrete-time predator-prey model where the predator-prey interaction obeys Holling type-II functional response. Owing to the increasing strength of fear, the system becomes stable from chaotic oscillations via inverse Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. Extensive numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the intricate dynamics for the organization of periodic structures in the bi-parameter space of the system. We observe fear induced multistability between different pairs of coexisting heterogeneous attractors due to the overlapping of multiple periodic domains in the bi-parameter space. The basin sets of the coexisting attractors are obtained and discussed at length. Multistability in the predator-prey system is important because the dynamics of the predator and prey populations in the critical parameter zone becomes uncertain.
A Novel Lightweight Block Encryption Algorithm Based on Combined Chaotic S-Box
Authors: Tong Xiaojun , Liu Xudong , Liu Jing , Zhang Miao , Wang Zhu
Published: August 2021

Due to high computational cost, traditional encryption algorithms are not suitable for the environments in which resources are limited. In view of the above problem, we first propose a combined chaotic map to increase the chaotic interval and Lyapunov exponent of the existing one-dimensional chaotic maps. Then, an S-box based on the proposed combined chaotic map is constructed. The performances of the designed S-box, such as bijection, nonlinearity, strict avalanche criteria, differential uniformity, the bits independence criterion, and the linear approximation probability, are tested to show that it has better cryptographic performances. Finally, we present a lightweight block encryption algorithm by using the above S-box. The algorithm is based on the generalized Feistel structure and SPN structure. In addtion, the processes of encryption and decryption of our algorithm are almost the same, which reduces the complexity of algorithm implementation. The experimental results show that the proposed encryption algorithm meets the requirements of lightweight algorithms and has good cryptographic characteristics.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Suspended Cables under Periodic Excitation in Thermal Environments: Two-to-One Internal Resonance
Authors: Zhao Yaobing , Lin Henghui
Published: August 2021

The temperature change is a non-negligible factor in examining the vibration behaviors of the cable structures. For this reason, the paper aims at investigating the thermal effects on suspended cables’ resonant responses considering two-to-one internal resonances. Firstly, a nonlinear continuous condensed model of the suspended cable under periodic excitation in thermal environments is adopted. Then, a multidimensional discretized model is constructed via the Galerkin method. Following the multiple scaling procedure, the modulation equations with both polar and Cartesian forms are obtained, which are solved numerically. A complete dynamic scenario is presented through bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, time history curves, Fourier spectra, and Poincaré sections in three internal resonant cases. Numerical examples show that a small change in the static configuration due to thermal effects induces some noticeable changes in dynamic behaviors. The response amplitude, the nonlinear spring behavior, the resonant and stability region, the multi-periodic and chaotic motions are all dependent on temperature changes. Additional Hopf bifurcations might be found due to temperature changes, and it may lead to some more complicated dynamic characteristics. A good agreement between the perturbation and numerical solutions is observed to confirm the results’ correctness and accuracy.
Impact Assessment of Lean Product Development and Lean Startup Methodology on Information Technology Startups’ Performance
Authors: Reis Luciana Paula , Fernandes June Marques , Barreto Ezequiel Junior , Lima Mayana Virginia Viegas , Armellini Fabiano
Published: August 2021

This research aims to evaluate the impact of lean product development (LPD) and lean startup (LS) practices on startup performance. A survey with 114 responses from Brazilian startups in the Information Technology sector evaluated the direct effects of LPD and LS on organizational performance, as well as the potential cross-effects between them. The assumptions were validated using a structural equation modeling for data analysis, which confirms that the adoption of these methodologies has a positive significant impact on startup performance, especially the practices involving teamwork and the design of minimum viable products.
Initial Cenozoic magmatic activity in East Africa: new geochemical constraints on magma distribution within the Eocene continental flood basalt province
Authors: Steiner R. Alex , Rooney Tyrone O. , Girard Guillaume , Rogers Nick , Ebinger Cynthia J. , Peterson Liam , Phillips Rayn K.
Published: August 2021

The initial interaction between material rising from the African Large Low Shear Velocity Province and the African lithosphere manifests as the Eocene continental large igneous province (LIP), centred on southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. Here we present a geographically well-distributed geochemical dataset comprising flood basalt lavas of the Eocene continental LIP to refine the regional volcano-stratigraphy into three distinct magmatic units: (1) the highly alkaline small-volume Akobo Basalt (49.4–46.6 Ma), representing the initial phase of flood basalt volcanism derived from the melting of lithospheric–mantle metasomes; (2) the primitive and spatially restricted Amaro Basalt (45.2–39.8 Ma), representing the early main phase of flood basalt volcanism derived from the melting of the upwelling thermochemical anomaly; and (3) the spatially extensive Gamo–Makonnen magmatic unit (38–28 Ma), representing the mature main phase of flood basalt volcanism that has undergone significant processing within the lithosphere and resulted in relatively homogeneous compositions. The focused intrusion of these main phase magmas over 10 myr preconditioned the African lithosphere for the localization of strain during subsequent episodes of lithospheric stretching. The focusing of strain into the region occupied by this continental LIP may have contributed to the initial extension in SW Ethiopia that is associated with the East African Rift.
Risk-aware Fine-grained Access Control in Cyber-physical Contexts
Authors: Liu Jinxin , Simsek Murat , Kantarci Burak , Erol-kantarci Melike , Malton Andrew , Walenstein Andrew
Published: August 2021

Access to resources by users may need to be granted only upon certain conditions and contexts, perhaps particularly in cyber-physical settings. Unfortunately, creating and modifying context-sensitive access control solutions in dynamic environments creates ongoing challenges to manage the authorization contexts. This article proposes RASA, a context-sensitive access authorization approach and mechanism leveraging unsupervised machine learning to automatically infer risk-based authorization decision boundaries. We explore RASA in a healthcare usage environment, wherein cyber and physical conditions create context-specific risks for protecting private health information. The risk levels are associated with access control decisions recommended by a security policy. A coupling method is introduced to track coexistence of the objects within context using frequency and duration of coexistence, and these are clustered to reveal sets of actions with common risk levels; these are used to create authorization decision boundaries. In addition, we propose a method for assessing the risk level and labelling the clusters with respect to their corresponding risk levels. We evaluate the promise of RASA-generated policies against a heuristic rule-based policy. By employing three different coupling features (frequency-based, duration-based, and combined features), the decisions of the unsupervised method and that of the policy are more than 99% consistent.
APOA-5 Genetic Variant rs662799: Role in Lipid Changes and Insulin Resistance after a Mediterranean Diet in Caucasian Obese Subjects
Authors: de Luis Daniel , Izaola Olatz , Primo David
Published: August 2021

Background and Aims. This APOA5-1131C allele is related with a higher serum triglyceride levels and perhaps a different metabolic response to a dietary intervention. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate SNP rs662799 in the APOA5 gene and its associations with metabolic effects after a hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern. Methods. A population of 363 Caucasian obese patients was enrolled. Anthropometric parameters and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), glucose, C reactive protein, adiponectin, resistin, and leptin levels) were measured, at basal time and after 3 months. All patients were genotyped in the rs662799 polymorphism. Results. The APOA5 variant distribution was as follows: 89.3% (

n
=
324

) (TT) were homozygous for the T allele, 10.5% (

n
=
38

) (TC) were heterozygous, and 0.2% (

n
=
1

) (CC) were homozygous for the C allele. Triglyceride levels were higher in patients with the C allele. After dietary intervention, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, adiponectin, leptin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio improved significantly in both genotype groups TT and TC+CC. After dietary intervention, insulin levels (delta:

−
3.6
±
0.8
 
UI
/
L

vs.

−
1.5
±
0.6
 
UI
/
L

;

P
=
0.03

), HOMA-IR (delta:

−
1.5
±
0.4
 
units

vs.

−
0.3
±
0.2
 
units

;

P
=
0.02

), and triglyceride levels (delta:

−
19.3
±
4.2
 
mg
/
dL

vs.

−
3.2
±
3.1
 
mg
/
dL

;

P
=
0.02

) decreased in non-C allele carriers. Conclusions. C allele carriers of rs662799 of the APOA5 gene did not show an improvement in triglyceride, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels after a significant weight loss due to a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern.
An Integrated Simulation and Virtual Cellular Manufacturing System Concept Approach for Maintenance Policy Selection
Authors: Hayati Jamileh , Abdollahzadeh Sohrab
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of this study is to present a new hybrid approach to select the appropriate maintenance policy (NET) of machines utilizing analytic network process (ANP), computer simulation, and the concept of virtual cellular manufacturing system (VCMS). Since conventional methods select only one NET policy for all machines or production lines, the performance of machines that do not conform to the selected policy is reduced. In the proposed method, the information of the functional parameters of the machines is extracted by means of computer simulation and there is no need for expert opinion. Next, the appropriate net policy for each machine is selected using the ANP method. To reduce the diversity and complexity of NET applications, machines are grouped using the concept of virtual cellular manufacturing system based on the similarity of NET policies. A NET program is prepared for each group of machines. The proposed approach is used in a production unit with three widely used NET policies, and its efficiency was proved by comparing the results with conventional methods.
Identification of Key Functional Modules and Immunomodulatory Regulators of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Luo Ding , Zhang Xiang , Li Xiao-Kai , Chen Gang
Published: August 2021

Despite the advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognosis of HCC patients remains unsatisfactory due to postsurgical recurrence and treatment resistance. Therefore, it is important to reveal the mechanisms underlying HCC and identify potential therapeutic targets against HCC, which could facilitate the development of novel therapies. Based on 12 HCC samples and 12 paired paracancerous normal tissues, we identified differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs using the “limma” package in R software. Moreover, we used the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to analyze the expression data and screened hub genes. Furthermore, we performed pathway enrichment analysis based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. In addition, the relative abundance of a given gene set was estimated by single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. We identified 687 differentially expressed mRNAs and 260 differentially expressed lncRNAs. A total of 6 modules were revealed by WGCNA, and MT1M and MT1E genes from the red module were identified as hub genes. Moreover, pathway analysis revealed the top 10 enriched KEGG pathways of upregulated or downregulated genes. Additionally, we also found that CD58 might act as an immune checkpoint gene in HCC via PD1/CTLA4 pathways and regulate the levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HCC tissues, which might be an immunotherapeutic target in HCC. Our research identified key functional modules and immunomodulatory regulators for HCC, which might offer novel diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy.
Research on the Hierarchical Spatial Structure of the Urban Agglomeration of the Yellow River Ji‐Shaped Bend
Authors: Wang Fang , Guo Mengyao , Guo Xi , Niu Fangqu
Published: August 2021

Despite the rising interest in understanding the various uses of space of flows, few studies have combined the traditional static urban development level with dynamic space of flows concepts. In the context of the coordinated development of the urban agglomeration of the Yellow River Ji‐shaped bend (UAYB), this study identifies the hierarchical spatial structure of the UAYB through a combination of Baidu migration big data and traditional data. The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) The cities with the strongest regional comprehensive power are Ordos, Taiyuan, Hohhot, Yinchuan, and Yulin, which cause the UAYB to present a significant “center‐periphery” spatial pattern. (2) The biggest population flows mostly occur between cities in the same province, while interprovincial population flows mainly exist between cities with the strongest comprehensive power. (3) The hierarchical spatial structure of the UAYB forms a multitree structure, with Ordos as the core. (4) The attractiveness of the UAYB is very weak, being only slightly attractive to individual surrounding provinces, while the population outflow index to economically developed areas is high. Several policy implications are proposed, which can provide important insights for planning intercity connections among the UAYB, in order to achieve more coordinated regional development.
Modeling of High-Energy Particles and Radiation Production for Multipetawatt Laser Facilities
Authors: Raffestin D. , Batani D. , Caron J. , Baggio J. , Boutoux G. , Nicolaï Ph. , Feugeas J.-L. , Tikhonchuk V. T. , d’Humières E.
Published: August 2021

The advent of high-energy short-pulse laser beams poses new problems related to radiation protection. The radiation generated in experiments using multipetawatt laser systems leads to prompt doses and potentially to the activation of the materials within the interaction chamber and the experimental hall. Despite many new PW laser facilities are nowadays entering into operation, this question has received little attention until now. In this paper, we evaluate the radiological effects induced by the operation of a high-power laser facility. Two working regimes are considered related to the production of hard X-rays and energetic protons. The methodology is general and may be applied for the design of experiments with any high-power laser systems.