bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What comes next: understanding BIBFRAME
Authors: Steele Thomas D.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Bibliographic framework initiative (BIBFRAME) is a data model created by the Library of Congress to with the long-term goal of replacing Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC). The purpose of this paper is to inform catalogers and other library professionals why MARC is lacking in the needs of current users, and how BIBFRAME works better to meet these needs. It will also explain linked data and the principles of Resource Description Framework, so catalogers will have a better understanding of BIBFRAME’s basic goals.

Design/methodology/approach

The review of recent literature in print and online, as well as using the BIBFRAME editor to create a BIBFRAME record, was the basis for this paper.

Findings

The paper concludes the user experience with the library catalog has changed and requires more in-depth search capabilities using linked data and that BIBFRAME is a first step in meeting the user needs of the future.

Originality/value

The paper gives the reader an entry point into the complicated future catalogers and other professionals may feel trepidation about. With a systematic walkthrough of the creation of a BIBFRAME record, the reader should feel more informed where the future of cataloging is going.
Three-dimensional scanning and printing techniques to analyze and archive human skeletal remains
Authors: Henson Kristy , Constantino Paul , O’Keefe F. Robin , Popovich Greg
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The topic of human skeletal analysis is a sensitive subject in North America. Laws and regulations surrounding research of human skeletal material make it difficult to use these remains to characterize various populations. Recent technology has the potential to solve this dilemma. Three-dimensional (3D) scanning creates virtual models of this material, and stores the information, allowing future studies on the material. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

To assess the potential of this methodology, the authors compared processing time, accuracy and costs of computer tomography (CT) scanner to the Artec Eva portable 3D surface scanner. Using both methodologies the authors scanned and 3D printed one adult individual. The authors hypothesize that the Artec Eva will create digital replicas of <5 percent error based on Buikstra and Ubelaker standard osteometric measurements. Error was tested by comparing the measurements of the skeletal material to the Artec data, CT data and 3D printed data.

Findings

Results show that larger bones recorded by the Artec Eva have <5 percent error of the original specimen while smaller more detailed images have >5 percent error. The CT images are closer to <5 percent accuracy, with few bones still >5 percent error. The Artec Eva scanner is inexpensive in comparison to a CT machine, but takes twice as long to process the Eva’s data. The Artec Eva is sufficient in replication of larger elements, but the CT machine is still a preferable means of skeletal replication, particularly for small elements.

Originality/value

This research paper is unique because it compares two common forms of digitization, which has not been done. The authors believe this paper would be of value to natural history curators and various researchers.
Taking archives to the people
Authors: Mukwevho Jonathan , Ngoepe Mpho
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Despite the availability of the mandate of public archives repositories to “take archives to the people in South Africa”, archives in South Africa remain largely the domain of the elite. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adoption of social media in South Africa as a tool for taking archives to the people especially young people between the age of 13 and 34. The researchers confined the study to all ten public archives repositories in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative study collected data using survey questionnaires and web-based content analysis of social media presence of public archives repositories.

Findings

The study revealed that few public archives repositories are using Facebook, followed by Twitter and LinkedIn to engage users. The public archives repositories rely mostly on social media platforms operated by their mother bodies as they are subsidiary units within arts and culture departments in government. As a result, public archives repositories are restricted to operate their own accounts on social media. It is argued that public archives should be allowed by their mother departments to operate their own accounts on social media platforms. Failure to change this restriction could lead to public archival institutions continuing to take archives away from the people, instead of taking archives to the people.

Research limitations/implications

The study sought to provide useful practical implications for public archives repositories as it would serve as a benchmarking tool to enable the development and reporting on the visibility and accessibility of archival material, and thus ensure an increased public knowledge of archives.

Originality/value

The study triangulated data collection instruments that helped to collect as much and as diverse data as possible, which generated the best possible insights into the phenomenon of interest. Previous similar studies in South Africa utilised only survey method with either interviews or questionnaires as data collection tools.
Generation or adoption? The role of social capital
Authors: Dost Mir , Badir Yuosre F.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Innovation is critical for the firms to gain competitive advantage and improve performance. Such innovation stems from process innovation generation (PIG) and/or process innovation adoption (PIA). PIG vs PIA motivates firms for cutting development cost, reducing development time, improving product quality, saving energy, preventing or mitigating pollution and recycling waste. Various factors have been identified as the determinants of PIG and PIA. One of them is social capital. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to analyze the effects of social capital on PIG and/or PIA, and second, to analyze whether the moderation of human capital strengthens/weakens this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 318 Pakistani chemical companies was collected for examining the hypotheses. Using hierarchical multiple regression, it relates to the effects of social capital and PIG and PIA; and moderation of human capital. The paper also discusses the theoretical and managerial implications.

Findings

The results confirm the hypotheses. The paper finds that social capital ambidextrously impacts on both PIG and PIA. However, this relationship strengthens when there is an interaction of human capital.

Practical implications

Social capital appears to be a powerful driver for generation and adoption of process innovation. Such innovation is a collaborative effort, with social capital assuming a central role. It follows that management would be well served by encouraging communication, flexible dissemination of information integration and sharing of knowledge.

Originality/value

The main value of this paper is in its analysis and testing of the relation of social capital and PIG and PIA. The majority of the literature underlines the paper’s seeking after social capital for product innovation. However, this topic has not been studied in depth and requires more attention, as processes are different and have different antecedents and outcomes.
Primary care worksite weight management program
Authors: Kong Jian Pei , Bau Rawa Ak , Jok Linda , Ayub Azlee Bin
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Recent public health initiatives have promoted accumulating 10,000 steps per day. Little previous research has evaluated the using pedometer in sustaining the physical activity level during worksite intervention. Hence, this study aims to the step changes of pedometer in a multicomponent worksite intervention.

Design/methodology/approach

This trial enrolled 43 participants recruited from brochures at outpatient clinic. Throughout the 12-week multidisciplinary lifestyle program, participant required to wear a pedometer and reported daily step count at baseline, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 12th week. The primary outcome measure was the step goal over the 12th week of intervention.

Findings

All subjects regardless men and women prior enter into the intervention recorded less than 5,000 of average steps count per day which is sedentary. At the 12th week of intervention, there were only 9.3 per cent subjects are sedentary. Majority of subjects (55.8 per cent) had achieved at least somewhat active, followed by low active (23.3 per cent). There were only 11.6 per cent subjects are classified as highly active at the end of the intervention. The result indicated the changes of average steps per day from baseline to 2nd (p< 0.01), 4th (p< 0.01), 6th (p< 0.01), 8th (p< 0.01), 10th (p< 0.01) and 12th (p< 0.01) week were significant. Likewise, the changes of average steps per day from previous time were significant at 4th (p< 0.01) week and 10th (p< 0.001) week.

Research limitations/implications

This study did not associate the improvement health parameter and step counter as the core stone of this study intervention were extensive individual dietary regime and reinforcement of ZUMBA participation among participants through motivational interviewing counseling. Third, there was no control group in this study, where no pedometer and goal setting were provided to the control group in the previous reported effectiveness study (Jian Pei et al., 2017).

Originality/value

The step goal during a multicomponent worksite intervention in primary health-care setting has not been clearly defined. Besides, there are no clear data of generally daily step among primary health-care employees.
Visualization of the shielding gas flow in SLM machines by space-resolved thermal anemometry
Authors: Schniedenharn Maximilian , Wiedemann Frederik , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce an approach in measuring the shielding gas flow within laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) machines under near-process conditions (regarding oxygen content and shielding gas flow).

Design/methodology/approach

The measurements are made sequentially using a hot-wire anemometer. After a short introduction into the measurement technique, the system which places the measurement probe within the machine is described. Finally, the measured shielding gas flow of a commercial L-PBF machine is presented.

Findings

An approach to measure the shielding gas flow within SLM machines has been developed and successfully tested. The use of a thermal anemometer along with an automated probe-placement system enables the space-resolved measurement of the flow speed and its turbulence.

Research limitations/implications

The used single-normal (SN) hot-wire anemometer does not provide the flow vectors’ orientation. Using a probe with two or three hot-films and an improved placement system will provide more information about the flow and less disturbance to it.

Originality/value

A measurement system which allows the measurement of the shielding gas flow within commercial L-PBF machines is presented. This enables the correlation of the shielding gas flow with the resulting parts’ quality.
Assessment of traditional food supply chain performance using triadic approach: the role of relationships quality
Authors: Mesic Željka , Molnár Adrienn , Cerjak Marija
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The objectives of this paper were twofold: to explore if there are differences in the perceptions about supply chain performance (SCP) and relationship quality (RQ) among traditional food supply chain members, and to examine the influence of individual relationship variables and aggregated relationship quality on SCP in the traditional food sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey was conducted in a triadic context with 189 supply chain members (62 suppliers, 65 focal companies and 62 customers) of 65 traditional food supply chains (cheese, olive oil, meat products, brandies and liqueurs, wine and honey) in Croatia. The influence of individual relationship variables and aggregated RQ on perceived SCP was tested using regression analysis.

Findings

It was found that there were no significant differences in the perception of overall SCP and RQ among supply chain members. It was identified that aggregated RQ and all individual relationship variables (trust, commitment, economic satisfaction, non-coercive and coercive power, reputation and conflict) have a significant influence on perceived SCP of the traditional food supply chains.

Practical implication

This study provides a systematic approach to investigate the SCP and supply chain RQ in the traditional food sector. The findings suggest that managers should not neglect any aspect of supply chain relationship to keep high SCP and to be competitive on the market.

Originality/value

This multiple supply chain study makes an original empirical contribution to the supply chain and network management literature by using a triadic approach to investigate RQ and SCP. The influence of individual RQ constructs and aggregated RQ on traditional food SCP examined in this study has not been explored thus far. This study also makes an original empirical contribution by investigating RQ and SCP in the traditional food sector, which has received little attention recently.
Effects of host colony size and hygiene behaviours on social spider kleptoparasite loads along an elevation gradient
Authors: Straus Samantha , Avilés Leticia
Published: October 2018

Group living animals are likely to attract more parasites than solitary ones. Parasite loads, however, should also depend on environmental conditions and on host characteristics and behaviours. Previous work has found that social spider colonies harbour communities of kleptoparasitic spiders that forego building their own web and, instead, steal prey from their social host.

We examined kleptoparasite loads and host hygiene behaviours in colonies of social and subsocial spiders in the genus Anelosimus along an elevation gradient in eastern Ecuador.

We found that kleptoparasite loads declined dramatically with increasing elevation. Host hygiene behaviours, such as debris removal, web repair and interactions with the parasites, also declined with elevation. Within elevations, species with more frequent hygiene behaviours appeared more successful at keeping parasites at bay. Contrary to our predictions, parasite density declined with host nest and colony size.

The decline in parasite loads at higher elevations likely reflects a lower rate of energy exchange between colonies and their environments, where colder temperatures mean fewer and smaller prey for colonies to process. The decline in parasite density with host colony size may reflect a decline in the number of accessible prey in larger host colonies, as larger colonies should capture fewer but larger insects due to scaling properties of their three‐dimensional webs.

Social immunity, whereby a social host uses social behaviour to fight against parasites, has been studied in eusocial and non‐eusocial insects. This study opens up social spiders as a novel system in which to study how host characteristics interact with environmental factors to affect parasite loads. It also introduces the concept of group‐level immunity to social spiders and suggests a role for colony‐level metabolism in determining ecological patterns in parasitism.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Species distribution models of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, Diptera: Drosophilidae) in its native and invasive range reveal an ecological niche shift
Authors: Ørsted Iben Vejrum , Ørsted Michael
Published: October 2018

The Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is native to Southeast Asia. Since its first detection in 2008 in Europe and North America, it has been a pest to the fruit production industry as it feeds and oviposits on ripening fruit. Here we aim to model the potential geographical distribution of D. suzukii.

We performed an extensive literature review to map the current records. In total 517 documented occurrences (96 native and 421 invasive) were identified, spanning 52 countries. Next, we constructed three species distribution models (SDMs) based on occurrence records in: (a) the native range (SDMnative), (b) the invasive range in Europe (SDMEurope), and (c) a global model of all records (SDMglobal). The aim of the models was to investigate whether this species will be able to occupy additional ecological niches beyond its native range and expand its current geographic distribution both globally and in Europe. The SDMs were generated using Maximum Entropy algorithms (Maxent) based on present occurrence records and bioclimatic variables (WorldClim).

Predictions of habitat suitability vary greatly depending on origins of occurrence records. According to all models, precipitation and low temperatures were key limiting factors for the distribution of D. suzukii, which suggests that this species requires a humid environment with mild winters in order to establish a permanent population in its invasive range. Several regions in the invasive range, not presently occupied by this species, were predicted highly suitable, especially in northern Europe, suggesting that D. suzukii does not yet occupy its full fundamental niche.

Synthesis and applications. Based on these models of potential geographic distribution of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii), we show a shift in the ecological niche in Drosophila suzukii populations, emphasizing the importance of using presence, and local environmental data. Further investigation regarding new occurrences is recommended to secure optimal pest management. Despite a continuing expansion, many countries still lack proper surveillance schemes, and we urge policy makers to initiate appropriate management programmes.
Trophic implications of a phenological paradigm shift: Bald eagles and salmon in a changing climate
Authors: Rubenstein Madeleine A. , Christophersen Roger , Ransom Jason I.
Published: October 2018

Climate change influences apex predators in complex ways, due to their important trophic position, capacity for resource plasticity, and sensitivity to numerous anthropogenic stressors. Bald eagles, an ecologically and culturally significant apex predator, congregate seasonally in high densities on salmon spawning rivers across the Pacific Northwest. One of the largest eagle concentrations is in the Skagit River watershed, which connects the montane wilderness of North Cascades National Park to the Puget Sound.

Using multiple long‐term datasets, we evaluated local bald eagle abundance in relation to chum and coho salmon availability; salmon phenology; and the number and timing of flood events in the Skagit. We analysed changes over time as a reflection of climate change impacts, as well as differences between managed and unmanaged portions of the river.

We found that peaks in chum salmon and bald eagle presence have advanced at remarkably similar rates (c. 0.45 days/year), suggesting synchronous phenological responses within this trophic relationship.

Yet the temporal relationship between chum salmon spawning and flood events, which remove salmon carcasses from the system, has not remained constant. This has resulted in a paradigm shift whereby the peak of chum spawning now occurs before the first flood event of the season rather than after.

The interval between peak chum and first flood event was a significant predictor of bald eagle presence: as this interval grew over time (by nearly one day per year), bald eagle counts declined, with a steady decrease in bald eagle observations since 2002. River section was also an important factor, with fewer flood events, and more eagle observations occurring in the river section experiencing direct hydroelectric flow management.

Synthesis and applications. The effects of climate change and hydroelectric management contribute to a complex human footprint in the North Cascades National Park, an otherwise largely natural ecosystem. By accounting for the differential phenological impacts of climate change on bald eagles, salmon, and flood events, Park managers and the operators of the hydroelectric system can more effectively ensure the resilience of the eagle–salmon relationship along the Skagit River.
Declining demographic performance and dispersal limitation influence the geographic distribution of the perennial forb Astragalus utahensis (Fabaceae)
Authors: Baer Kathryn C. , Maron John L.
Published: October 2018

A central goal of ecology is understanding the determinants of species’ distributions. “Metapopulation” models for the existence of distributional boundaries predict that species’ geographic ranges arise from the landscape‐scale deterioration of habitat suitability towards the range edge (i.e., niche mechanisms), which simultaneously hinders demographic performance and limits dispersal to suitable habitat beyond the edge (i.e., dispersal limitation). However, few studies have examined both of these mechanisms for the same species by examining abundance and comprehensive measures of demographic performance across the distribution and beyond its boundary.

We tested the predictions of metapopulation models for range limits by contrasting abundance, demographic performance, and population growth (λ) of the perennial forb Astragalus utahensis in central and northern range edge populations. We tested for dispersal limitation by transplanting individuals at and beyond the northern range boundary and monitoring their demographic performance.

Astragalus abundance and stochastic λ decreased from the range centre to the northern range edge, with stochastic λ falling to or below replacement in range edge populations. However, transplants at some sites beyond the northern range edge survived and reproduced at levels similar to transplants within the range. Thus, in addition to deteriorating conditions at the range edge, dispersal limitation appears to contribute to limiting A. utahensis’ northern distribution.

Synthesis. Our results support metapopulation models for range limits by suggesting that decreased demographic performance constrains the viability of range edge populations while contributing to dispersal limitation of Astragalus utahensis’ distribution. Thus, the tandem action of niche and dispersal processes appears to play an important role in constraining this species’ northern latitudinal range.
The PXXP domain is critical for the protective effect of BAG3 in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ni Eran , Zhao Lingling , Yao Na , Zhu Xiaofang , Cao Hong , Sun Shuzhen , Zhu Weizhong
Published: October 2018

Bcl‐2‐associated athanogene3(BAG3) protects the heart and cardiomyocytes from ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although the anti‐apoptosis effect of BAG3 has been demonstrated in multiple cell types, the structural domain of BAG3, which is responsible for its anti‐apoptosis effect, is not well understood. BAG3 protein consists of various characteristic amino acid motifs/regions that permit the interaction of BAG3 with numerous proteins involved in many cellular key pathways. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the proline‐rich (PXXP) domain of BAG3 is necessary for its cellular protection against hypoxia–reoxygenation (H/R) stress by binding to its chaperone, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70). Cell apoptosis induced by H/R was evaluated using propidium iodide (PI) staining, caspase 3/7 activation and TUNEL staining in cultured H9C2 cells. The expression levels of BAG3 and HSC70 were manipulated, where BAG3 or its mutant, which lacked the PXXP domain, was overexpressed using a plasmid and adenovirus vector, and HSC70 expression was silenced using siRNA. Co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP) followed by western blot was employed to define the complex of BAG3 binding to its chaperones. The PXXP domain of BAG3 was determined to be critical for BAG3‐mediated attenuation of H9C2 cell apoptosis induced by H/R through the binding of PXXP with HSC70. The abolished cellular protection of BAG3 induced by the knockdown of HSC70 is associated with reduced binding to HSC70. Given that the structural domain PXXP of BAG3 is necessary for the cellular protection of BAG3 from I/R injury, the mechanism revealed in this study indicates that BAG3 may be a therapeutic target in patients undergoing reperfusion after myocardial infarction.
Discussing Brexit—Could We Do Better?
Authors: Renwick Alan , Palese Michela , Sargeant Jess
Published: October 2018

It is widely recognised—by both Remainers and Leavers—that the quality of public debate in the lead‐up to the UK's 2016 referendum on EU membership was dismal. That was partly because of the nature of the referendum itself: it was on a broad proposal rather than a specific law; the government that called it did not support the change on the ballot paper and refused to prepare for the possibility of a vote for leaving the EU. It was also influenced by the nature of the campaign: both sides propagated misinformation; key issues were barely discussed; the public were often left dissatisfied and bewildered. This paper sets out evidence on these points and then analyses whether anything could be done to address them. Drawing on recent comparative research into referendums, it explores the importance of preparing for the decision to call a referendum. It then examines three possible approaches to improving political discourse during the campaign itself: exposing misinformation; providing high‐quality information; and promoting citizen deliberation. It finally considers how these could be applied to possible referendums on the issue of the UK's EU membership.
Bilingualism, cognates and reading fluency in children
Authors: Davis Andréa K. , Bowman Natalie , Kaushanskaya Margarita
Published: October 2018

Background

The goal of this study was to examine the effect of cognates on Spanish–English bilingual children's English reading fluency. Because cognates lead to higher levels of non‐target language activation, we hypothesised that the presence of cognates would result in reduced reading fluency for bilingual children.

Methods

Monolingual English‐speaking children and Spanish–English bilingual children (ages = 8–13 years) read aloud two stories in English. One story contained cognate words, while the other story did not.

Results

Results revealed that bilingual children made more errors and read more slowly when reading a story containing cognates.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that the presence of cognates in a text disrupts bilinguals' oral reading fluency, suggesting that lexical‐level, local co‐activation can have a global effect on bilinguals' ability to engage in a higher‐level reading task.
How catchall parties compete ideologically: Beyond party typologies
Authors: MAINWARING BEN , MCGRAW SEAN
Published: October 2018

The catchall party remains a useful concept despite the lack of a widely agreed definition or list of parties. This article suggests defining catchall parties based on how they act strategically. Although catchall parties act strategically on both the organisational and ideological dimensions, this article concentrates on three key ideological features: catchall parties are ideologically centrist, dispersed and flexible over time. Relying on original surveys in the Republic of Ireland, which interviewed two‐thirds of parliamentarians, it is confirmed that Ireland's ‘catchall’ and ‘programmatic’ parties clearly differ in terms of how they compete ideologically. Ireland's catchall parties employ all three identified strategies. Smaller, more programmatic parties are consistent over time, non‐centrist and extremely ideologically coherent on core programmatic issues. The competition between catchall parties and ideological populist parties is a pressing issue, and the Irish case provides new theoretical insights and empirical evidence to understand these party types.
Is Plasma Exchange Efficacious in Shiga Toxin‐Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome? A Narrative Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Keenswijk Werner , Raes Ann , De Clerck Marieke , Vande Walle Johan
Published: October 2018

Shiga toxin‐associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC‐HUS) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Case fatalities are often associated with severe neurological involvement in children and advanced age in adults but specific treatment is currently unavailable. Plasma exchange (PE) could theoretically enable removal of Shiga toxins, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and prothrombotic factors and has been used in deteriorating patients with STEC‐HUS but the efficacy remains uncertain. In order to assess efficacy of PE in STEC‐HUS, a literature review was performed. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and LiLACS were searched for reports describing the outcomes of patients with STEC‐HUS treated with PE and 16 reports were included. Reports ranged from case reports to cohort studies and one case–control study with the largest study population coming from the 2011 German STEC‐HUS outbreak. Outcomes were variable but seemed to point towards lower case fatality rates in the elderly and improved outcomes in children with STEC‐HUS, treated with PE early in the course. However studies were mostly of low quality with risk of observation bias and confounding. Currently no definitive answers concerning the efficacy of PE in STEC‐HUS can be given, highlighting the need for well performed randomized controlled trials.
Comparative efficacy of nine different dressings in healing diabetic foot ulcer: A Bayesian network analysis
Authors: Zhang Xu , Sun Di , Jiang Gui Chun
Published: October 2018

Background

There is a wide variety of dressings currently available for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Because of a lack of evidence from head‐to‐head randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the relative effects of these dressings in DFU patients remain unclear. This study compared the efficacy of nine dressings in healing DFU.

Methods

A literature search was performed of the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases. Reports published from 1993 to 2017 focusing on dressings for healing DFU were identified.

Results

Twenty‐one RCTs, with a total of 2159 patients, were included in the present study. Bayesian network analysis showed that amniotic membrane dressings were superior to alginate, basic wound contact, foam, honey‐impregnated, hydrocolloid, and iodine‐impregnated dressings. Hydrogel dressings were better than basic wound contact dressings. Other dressings showed no significant differences. According to the probability of ranking results, amniotic membrane and hydrogel dressings are preferred for healing DFUs.

Conclusions

The nine dressings evaluated in this study had different advantages in promoting the healing of DFU, but most differences among the dressings were not significant. According to the analysis of rank probability, amniotic membrane and hydrogel dressings are the most advantageous in terms of promoting DFU healing. It is recommended that the most suitable dressing should be selected taking into consideration exudate control, comfort, and cost.
Combining microvolume isotope analysis and numerical simulation to reproduce fish migration history
Authors: Sakamoto Tatsuya , Komatsu Kosei , Shirai Kotaro , Higuchi Tomihiko , Ishimura Toyoho , Setou Takashi , Kamimura Yasuhiro , Watanabe Chikako , Kawabata Atsushi
Published: October 2018

Tracking the movement of migratory fish is of great importance for efficient conservation, although this has been technically difficult to achieve in small fish to which artificial tags cannot be attached.

We show that migration history can be reproduced by combining high‐resolution otolith stable oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) analysis and numerical simulation.

High‐precision micromilling and microvolume carbonate analysing systems had the remarkable capability of extracting the otolith δ18O profiles with 10–30 days resolution. Furthermore, reasonable movements were reproduced by searching the routes consistent with the otolith δ18O profile, using an individual‐based model with random swimming behaviour.

This method will be a valuable alternative to tagging and electronic loggers for revealing migration routes in early life stages, thereby providing crucial information to understand population structures and the environmental cause of recruitment variabilities, and to validate and improve fish movement models.
A 2.6‐g sound and movement tag for studying the acoustic scene and kinematics of echolocating bats
Authors: Stidsholt Laura , Johnson Mark , Beedholm Kristian , Jakobsen Lasse , Kugler Kathrin , Brinkløv Signe , Salles Angeles , Moss Cynthia F. , Madsen Peter Teglberg
Published: October 2018

To study sensorimotor behaviour in wild animals, it is necessary to synchronously record the sensory inputs available to the animal, and its movements. To do this, we have developed a biologging device that can record the primary sensory information and the associated movements during foraging and navigating in echolocating bats.

This 2.6‐g tag records the sonar calls and echoes from an ultrasonic microphone, while simultaneously sampling fine‐scale movement in three dimensions from wideband accelerometers and magnetometers. In this study, we tested the tag on an European noctula Nyctalus noctula during target approaches and on four big brown bats Eptesicus fuscus during prey interception in a flight room.

We show that the tag records both the outgoing calls and echoes returning from objects at biologically relevant distances. Inertial sensor data enables the detection of behavioural events such as flying, turning, and resting. In addition, individual wing‐beats can be tracked and synchronized to the bat's sound emissions to study the coordination of different motor events.

By recording the primary acoustic flow of bats concomitant with associated behaviours on a very fine time‐scale, this type of biologging method will foster a deeper understanding of how sensory inputs guide feeding behaviours in the wild.
Effects of deep vs moderate neuromuscular block on the quality of recovery after robotic gastrectomy
Authors: Kim Hyun J. , Lee Ki‐Young , Kim Myoung H. , Kim Hyoung‐Il , Bai Sun J.
Published: October 2018

Background

It remains unclear whether deep neuromuscular blockade results in better postoperative recovery than does moderate neuromuscular blockade. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the effects of deep neuromuscular blockade and moderate neuromuscular blockade on the quality of postoperative recovery in patients undergoing robotic gastrectomy.

Methods

In this prospective, double‐blind, single‐center randomized controlled superiority trial with two parallel groups, 56 adult patients (19‐80 years) scheduled for elective robotic gastrectomy were randomly assigned to a moderate neuromuscular blockade group or a deep neuromuscular blockade group in a 1:1 ratio. In the deep and moderate neuromuscular blockade groups, the infusion rate for rocuronium was adjusted to maintain a post‐tetanic count of 1‐2 or a train‐of‐four count of 1‐2, respectively. The primary outcome was the Quality of Recovery‐40 (QoR‐40) score on postoperative day 1. Secondary outcomes included the QoR‐40 score on postoperative day 2, intraoperative hemodynamic data, intraoperative respiratory data, visual analog scale score for pain, postoperative incidences of nausea and vomiting, postoperative rescue analgesic use, and postoperative rescue antiemetic use.

Results

The postoperative QoR‐40 score was similar between the two groups on postoperative days 1 and 2. Moreover, the two groups showed no differences in intraoperative hemodynamic and respiratory data or postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, and rescue medication use.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the quality of recovery after robotic gastrectomy is similar for deep and moderate neuromuscular blockade. Therefore, deep neuromuscular blockade during robotic gastrectomy may be unnecessary, at least in patients with normal body mass index.
Developing accurate and transparent low‐risk drinking guidelines: implications for providers, patients and health information consumers
Authors: Cucciare Michael A. , Timko Christine
Published: October 2018

Commentary to: How should we set consumption thresholds for low risk drinking guidelines? Achieving objectivity and transparency using evidence, expert judgement and pragmatism
Alcohol consumption and diabetes risk in a Chinese population: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Peng Miaomiao , Zhang Jiaoyue , Zeng Tianshu , Hu Xiang , Min Jie , Tian Shenghua , Wang Ying , Liu Geng , Wan Limin , Huang Qiulan , Hu Shengqing , Chen Lulu
Published: October 2018

Aim

To assess the causality between alcohol intake, diabetes risk and related traits.

Design

Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Subgroup analysis, standard instrumental variable analysis and local average treatment effect (LATE) methods were applied to assess linear and non‐linear causality.

Setting

China.

Participants

A total of 4536 participants, including 721 diabetes cases.

Findings

Carriage of an ALDH2 rs671 A allele reduced alcohol consumption by 44.63% [95% confidence interval (CI) = –49.44%, −39.37%]. In males, additional carriage of an A allele was significantly connected to decreased diabetes risk for the overall population [odds ratio (OR) = 0.716, 95% CI = 0.567–0.904, P = 0.005] or moderate drinkers (OR = 0.564, 95% CI = 0.355–0.894, P = 0.015). In instrumental variable (IV) analysis, increasing alcohol consumption by 1.7‐fold was associated with an incidence‐rate ratio of 1.32 (95% CI = 1.06–1.67, P = 0.014) for diabetes risk, and elevated alcohol intake was causally connected to natural log‐transformed fasting, 2‐hour post‐load plasma glucose (β = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.018–0.054; β = 0.072, 95% CI = 0.035–0.108) and insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA‐IR] (β = 0.104, 95% CI = 0.039–0.169), but was not associated with beta‐cell function (HOMA‐beta). In addition, the LATE method did not identify significant U‐shaped causality between alcohol consumption and diabetes‐related traits. In females, the effects of alcohol intake on all the outcomes were non‐significant.

Conclusion

Among men in China, higher alcohol intake appears to be causally associated with increased diabetes risk and worsened related traits, even for moderate drinkers. This study found no significant U‐shaped causality between alcohol consumption and diabetes‐related traits.
Priming effects of age stereotypes on memory of older adults in Korea
Authors: Lee Ko Eun , Lee Hye‐Won
Published: October 2018

This study examined priming effects of age stereotypes on memory of Korean older adults. Age stereotypes refer to general beliefs about older adults. Through a priming task, older participants were briefly exposed to positive or negative age stereotypes without awareness. Before and after the priming task, free‐recall tasks were given to participants to measure their memory performance. Changes in performance caused by the priming task were estimated as priming effects of age stereotypes. Participants showed better memory performance after they were exposed to positive stereotypes during the priming task (positive priming effects). In contrast, participants showed worse memory performance after they were exposed to negative age stereotypes during the priming task (negative priming effects). The magnitude of priming effects was similar in positive and negative stereotypes. This result suggests that the implicit activation of age stereotypes can change memory of Korean elderly in both positive and negative ways.
Environmental and birth characteristics as predictors of short stature in early childhood
Authors: Davallow Ghajar Ladan , DeBoer Mark D.
Published: October 2018

Aim

To evaluate for environmental and birth characteristic predictors of short stature in a large nationally representative sample.

Methods

We evaluated 10 127 children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten 2011 cohort, using univariate and multivariable linear and logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with short stature (height <3rd percentile) at kindergarten through second grade. Predictors included birthweight, preterm status, sex, parental education, parental income and race/ethnicity.

Results

Lower birthweight was associated with short stature, with each decreasing kilogram having a 2.45 adjusted odds ratio (aOR; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81, 3.33) of short stature for term children in second grade. Preterm children (compared to term children) had an aOR of 2.23 (CI 1.32, 3.78) for short stature. Other predictors of short stature included female sex and lower parental income. African American children had a lower risk of short stature (aOR 0.34, CI 0.14, 0.82) compared to white children.

Conclusion

Predictors of short stature include lower birthweight, preterm status, female sex and parental income. Socio‐economic disparities and race/ethnicity further influenced height. These data may assist paediatricians in considering contributors to stature outcomes by early school age.
Clinicopathological features of hydrophilic polymer emboli in Japanese autopsy cases
Authors: Miyaoka Masashi , Hatanaka Kazuhito , Uekusa Toshimasa , Nakamura Naoya
Published: October 2018

Hydrophilic polymer is used on multiple endovascular devices to decrease friction between these devices and vessel walls. Although it can prevent medical device‐related complications, hydrophilic polymer emboli (HPE) has recently been established as a potentially fatal iatrogenic phenomenon. HPE can cause tissue injury in numerous sites, including the brain, heart, lung, skin, and intestines. Most HPE reports have been from Europe and the USA. Therefore, we investigated the frequency, site distribution, and degree of tissue injury of HPE in 227 Japanese autopsy cases. HPE was noted in 3.1% (7/227 cases), and was only found in the lung or heart. There were no cases with tissue injury, such as vasculopathy, ischemia or infarction, associated with HPE. This is the first series study of HPE in Japanese autopsy cases. Unlike in reports from Europe and USA, HPE was only seen in the lung or heart and did not injure the surrounding tissue.
Refocusing on China: The Case of Hong Kong’s Hutchison Whampoa
Authors: Comtois Claude , Rimmer Peter J.
Published: October 2018

We know little about the location decisions of large Chinese conglomerates and how this relates to their restructuring in a dynamic Asia­Pacific environment. This case study of one of Hong Kong’s latest conglomerates, Hutchison Whampoa, begins with the company’s decision to remain in Hong Kong after 1997. Restructuring has been carried out primarily by acquiring new enterprises in its existing specialised areas of retail, manufacturing, telecommunications, media and services and reducing interests in property, energy, finance and investment. This has been accompanied by its expansion into southern China where it has focused on infrastructure development, steps which have built on its Chinese credentials — clan origins and personal connections.
Politics and Gender: Negotiating Conceptions of the Ideal Woman in Present Day Cambodia
Authors: Ledgerwood Judy L.
Published: October 2018

This paper briefly describes a Khmer politician’s references to four women made during a 1993 campaign speech. It then reviews notions of the ideal woman from Khmer literature, and from life stories and ethnographic accounts. The politician manipulated gender symbolism, playing on multiple ambiguous notions of femaleness to prove his own powerful status and to comment on the current state of the Khmer social and moral order. In the face of the drastic changes of the last twenty years, he linked his own power and that of other men to their control over women’s sexuality. While he was willing to allow for, indeed participate in playing on, the ambiguity inherent in gender conceptions to create new ideal types of strong women, he simultaneously used appeals to tradition to maintain male authority over women.
Me again: Fieldwork, practice and returning
Authors: Sharma Saba
Published: October 2018

Many researchers return to field sites that are previously known in different capacities, thus upturning traditional notions of the “field,” particularly in qualitative fieldwork, of unknown places whose depths the researcher encounters anew. Returning in a different capacity affects not just the researcher, but also participants, and raises questions about research ethics with regard to changing positionality. This paper looks at the process of returning to a field that is already “known,” not just through books and writing, but through first‐hand experience. It explores the dynamics underlying the process of returning as a researcher, when one has a previously established identity in a place, in this case as a development worker. The paper will explore the nuances of attempting to bridge the divide between being a development worker and then a student doing ethnographic fieldwork in Assam. It will debate whether it is possible, or useful, to abandon one role for another. It also looks at the way a change in role affects the way we gain access, as well as how returning as a student reveals certain blind spots in the understanding of the field as it was known. Finally, the paper attempts to understand how changing positionality affects ethical concerns, such as those of how to engage as an outsider, and whether each return is marked by a different process.
A comparison study of prabotulinumtoxinA vs onabotulinumtoxinA in myostatin‐deficient mice with muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Bak Dong‐ho , Choi Mi Ji , Lee Esther , Kwon Tae‐Rin , Kim Jong Hwan , Nam Sang‐Hyun , Kim Kyoung‐Yun , Ahn Seung Won , Mun Seog‐Kyun , Na Jungtae , Kim Beom Joon
Published: October 2018

Botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) is used clinically for various muscle disorders and acts by preventing the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synapse space. Here, we compared the efficacy of prabotulinumtoxinA (PRA) and onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA) for the reduction in hypertrophy in myostatin‐deficient (Mstn−/−) mice. Two different BoNT‐A products (2.5, 10 and 25 U/kg) were injected to paralyse the hindlimb for 2 months, after which sciatic nerve conduction study, 3D micro‐CT, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and dystrophin staining were conducted. Administration of BoNT‐A products induced denervation‐mediated atrophy and alleviated muscle hypertrophy generated in Mstn−/− mice. The present study revealed that each BoNT‐A regulates skeletal muscle size, myofibre number and myofibre diameter in Mstn−/− mice. The potential applicability of BoNT‐A for the treatment of rare muscle hypertrophic diseases was demonstrated. Compared with ONA, PRA had a comparable ability to act in the local area.
Path dependencies affecting suburban density, mix, and diversity in Halifax
Authors: Grant Jill L. , Filion Pierre , Low Scott
Published: October 2018

This paper examines path dependencies in suburban development outcomes in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Findings suggest that development patterns are constrained by geography and spatial configuration, the legacy of institutions and decisions, transportation technologies, political culture, the development industry, population growth and characteristics, economic conditions, and cultural and lifestyle preferences. Planning policies and practices that seek to promote greater density, mix, and land‐use integration in master‐planned communities encounter resistance from a path‐dependent system driven by different expectations and priorities.