bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Children’s Professional Orientation at Senior Primary Grade
Authors: Badošek Radim , Kimplová Tereza
Published: November 2016

The article summarizes fundamental facts of a part of the research project that was focused on pupils' professional orientation and on technical and practical competence of pupils at senior primary grade of the schools within Moravian-Silesian County. The research was executed by means of on-line data collection provided by Methodical and Evaluation Centre o.p.s. in 2008 and 2009. The data analysis of the results of General Interest Structure Test (AIST-R test), which deals with the professional orientation, demonstrated an interesting structure of pupils' professional orientation. The pupils from 6th up to 8th classes were examined. We obtained preferences of the interests structure, the most sought combinations of career selection, aspiration levels of reached education and all that for about 1,600 pupils. This internationally proven test in a computational version was used continually with a newly constructed achievement method for finding out aptitudes linked with technical and practical competence (TTPP - Test of Technical and Practical Competence). The results that foreshadow possibilities of pupils' professional aiming might become a useful tool of their motivation then.
E-Learning in Higher Education: Reflection of the Term in Mind Maps
Authors: Šimonová Ivana
Published: November 2016

The paper presents results of the survey monitoring individual concepts of e-learning of university students. The survey ran at the Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. The research sample consisted of 104 respondents who enrolled in the first year of bachelor study programme of Applied Informatics and master study programme of Information Management. In the first phase, students did not design their mind maps by themselves but the Khan’s model of e-learning was used. This model includes 17 terms which are structured in eight dimensions. In the first phase students worked with these terms and structured them into their own concept; adding other terms or omitting any of them was encouraged. In case of completely different concept, students might have designed their own mind maps. The results showed students’ concept of e-learning had not been completely built despite their field of study is Informatics, i.e. they are expected to have close relation to modern technologies in general, including the field of education.
Educational Support of the Course Nursing Procedures and Interventions
Authors: Babičová Markéta , Nagyová Ingrid
Published: November 2016

The course Nursing Procedures and Interventions is being taught at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Ostrava within the scope of the study programs Nursing and Midwifery. Despite the fact that the main part of the course is dedicated to the practical medical skills, it is suitable not only for students of full-time studies, but also for students of combined studies. The teaching of the course is organizationally demanding, because of which a Moodle e-learning course has been developed.

The article describes the aims and the education process of the course Nursing Procedures and Interventions with the support of e-learning. It deals especially with the testing of theoretical knowledge of students within the e-learning course, which has three phases - when introduced to the course for the first time, during the course, and at the end of it. The article presents the comparison of the test results of different education periods. The article also deals with the more complicated issues and parts of the course and also compares students’ results with regard to their previous specialty - if they already encountered any kind of health studies or if the course is their first experience with this kind of education.
Data from Catalogues of Solar System Objects in Education
Authors: Kéhar Ota
Published: November 2016

This contribution contains attractive examples that use catalogues of astronomical objects available at Astronomia web pages (astronomia.zcu.cz) to improve the teaching of selected astronomical topics. The main focus is to Solar system objects, list of numbered minor planets is used to demonstrate the current position of objects in the Solar system, to construct a Kirkwood gap graph or to interactively verify Kepler’s laws. I put emphasis on involving students in practical activities, so the results of my research are several worksheets. All worksheets include basic procedure. Each part of worksheet is complemented by sub-questions that deepen knowledge of students and it provides welcomed feedback for teacher. All these features are available as online applications on web pages and it can be used during ICT lessons. I tried worksheets on a significant sample of secondary school pupils and university students. As a result I discovered that students usually do not have possibility to solve this kind of exercise (using data from catalog of astronomical objects) at school. Students cannot handle basic transactions in the Excel spreadsheet, especially inserting formulas into cells, data sorting or constructing a simple chart.
Adaptive Testing in Practice
Authors: Prextová Tatiana
Published: November 2016

Testing as such is important for diagnostics and evaluation. It is used as feedback by both the pedagogues and the ones being tested. The more a teacher learns from the test results, the better is their chance to correct, clarify, or modify the test itself; i.e. to carry out the changes in their instruction or the education process. The more a student learns from the test, the better is their chance to thoroughly learn and master information, and to clarify problematic issues of a particular curriculum. Moreover, their motivation to further study is growing as they deal with more demanding tasks. Adaptive testing carried out in a suitable LMS offers such possibilities.

This paper is aimed at the introduction of basic principles and rules of computerized adaptive testing. Moreover, it provides information about the process and results of computerized adaptive testing, which was experimentally carried out on the sample of 53 ninth-grade pupils at the Porubská elementary school in Ostrava.
How to Increase Students’ Activity When Performing Simulations of Electronic Systems
Authors: Michalík Petr
Published: November 2016

When creating educational simulation models, and in classes where computer simulation experiments are used, what frequently happens is that some students meet the targets and achieve the intended educational objectives earlier than the teaching time planned for this activity expires. The teacher can resolve such a situation in an appropriate manner, by encouraging the creativity of the “fast” students. This article is concerned with the possibilities of increasing students’ activity in classes where computer simulation of electronic circuits is used. Using a particular example of a simulation experiment, it shows one possible option for how to engage students in the classwork. To achieve this, the function of “fault”, available in the majority of electronic virtual computing labs, is used. This feature allows a teacher to assign one of three possible errors to a selected component; students have no direct way to find out which component is faulty. To resolve the problem, they must use their own creativity and effort, their own ideas, knowledge, and skills, and the tools that they have available in the electronic laboratory.
Stimulation of the Development of Inquiry Skills in Teaching Functions
Authors: Lukáč Stanislav
Published: November 2016

High quality mathematics and science education can induce further acceleration of scientific and technological development of society. Despite the efforts to implement modern approaches to science education, reducing the level of students’ knowledge and skills is observable in some areas. The skills focused on the interpretation of data from tables and graphs and the ability to apply functions to solve problems were an important area for testing mathematical literacy in The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (OECD PISA) 2012. Lack of skills in the use of different mathematical functions causes problems in mathematical modelling of real situations. Our research is currently aimed at developing inquiry skills of students in mathematics and diagnosing the level of their development. Inquiry based science education (IBSE) could bring improving conceptual understanding of mathematical knowledge and could increase the activity of students in learning. In the paper, we present our first experience with testing the level of development of selected students’ inquiry skills. We focus on the evaluation of tasks requiring working with different representations of data and understanding of linear functions. The paper presents also interactive learning activities that are part of our innovative methods based on applying inquiry approach to teaching linear and quadratic functions. The interactive learning activities for the investigation of the properties of functions are implemented in the dynamic geometric system Geogebra and in the spreadsheet MS Excel.
ICT-Supported Education at Czech and Polish Universities: A Comparative Study
Authors: Malach Josef , Kostolánová Kateřina , Chmura Milan , Szafrańska-Gajdzica Anna , Ogródska-Mazur Ewa
Published: November 2016

The comparative study defines the terms electronic learning environment and smart learning environment with their components and contribution to university education. Moreover, it introduces identified trends that are expected to emerge in the next five years. The research on a representative sample of the University of Ostrava students and the University of Silesia students, which was carried out within the scope of the 7th RP IRNet project, was aimed at how the individual components of the electronic learning environment can be used, the reasons for their use and the related needs of students.
Thermodynamic Optimization of an Electric Circuit as a Non-steady Energy Converter
Authors: Valencia-Ortega Gabriel , Arias-Hernandez Luis-Antonio
Published: November 2016

Electric circuits with transient elements can be good examples of systems where non-steady irreversible processes occur; so in the same way as a steady-state energy converter, we use the formal construction of the first-order irreversible thermodynamic to describe the energetics of these circuits. In this case, we propose an isothermal model of two meshes with transient and passive elements, besides containing two voltage sources (which can be functions of time); this is a non-steady energy converter model. Through the Kirchhoff equations, we can write the circuit phenomenological equations. Then, we apply an integral transformation to linearize the dynamic equations and rewrite them in algebraic form, but in the frequency space. However, the same symmetry for steady states appears (cross effects). Thus, we can study the energetic performance of this converter model by means of two parameters: the “force ratio” and the “coupling degree”. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain characteristic functions (dissipation function, power output, efficiency, etc.). They allow us to establish a simple optimal operation regime of this energy converter. As an example, we obtain the converter behavior for the maximum efficient power regime.
Doping with Growth Hormone
Authors: Bidlingmaier Martin , Wu Z. , Strasburger C.J.
Published: November 2016

Triggered by the Olympic games in Sydney last year, many articles in the press suggested that recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) is one of the most popular performance enhancing drugs used by athletes. However, any hard facts on hGH abuse were provided by Australian customs officers - and not by laboratory assessment. The lack of an official test for hGH doping together with the widespread rumours on its tremendous beneficial effects seem to make this compound attractive for athletes. From a scientific point of view, there are two major questions about this issue: First, as there is no controlled study demonstrating a profound effect of hGH administration on workload capacity in healthy adults, why do athletes use hGH? Second, how could the application of a substance naturally occurring in the human body be detected? Both aspects are discussed in this article.
Relationships Between Levels of Leptin and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Term Infants
Authors: Koç Esin , Bideci Aysun , Cinaz Peyami , Ergenekon Ebru , Atalay Yıldız
Published: November 2016

In order to evaluate the role of leptin in neonatal hematological parameters, we studied the serum concentrations of leptin in relation to blood hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet values in 30 healthy term infants. We also studied the serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in relation to leptin concentrations. The mean concentrations of leptin, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were 1.63 ± 1.09, 24.65 ± 10.04 and 976.05 ± 214.50, respectively, at birth. A positive correlation was observed between leptin concentrations and birth weights of the infants. As no relationship could be found between concentrations of leptin and blood hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet values, we could not determine any involvement of leptin in the regulation of physiologial hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet concentrations at birth.
Neonatal Hyperthyroidism m Infants of Mothers Previously Thyroidectomized due to Graves’ Disease
Authors: Borras-Perez Maria Victoria , Moreno-Pérez David , Zuasnabar-Cotro Amalia , López-Siguero Juan P.
Published: November 2016

Neonatal hyperthyroidism generally arises as a result of active maternal Graves’ disease via transplacental passage of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI). On occasions, production of these antibodies may continue after thyroid ablation, either surgically or with radioiodine therapy. We present data concerning three patients (two of them twins) whose mothers had previously undergone near-total thyroidectomy prior to conception. Two of the neonates had neonatal hyperthyroidism due to persistence of TSI in the mother, and the third due to relapse of the maternal Graves’ disease during pregnancy. We recommend monitoring TSI during pregnancy in mothers with a history of Graves’ disease, even if they are in a state of post-surgical hypothyroidism.
Factors Determining Final Height in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: New Maria I.
Published: November 2016

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a family of adrenal disorders whereby cortisol biosynthesis is impaired or abolished. In most cases, CAH is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase causing a massive build up of adrenal precursors. In addition to prenatal virilisation of genetic females and postnatal virilisation of both males and females, short adult stature is characteristic of the disorder. The inadequate final height in CAH patients is often attributed to overtreatment with glucocorticoid replacement and poor control of adrenal androgen levels. In a recent study, the use of growth hormone alone and in combination with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue in children with CAH and poor predicted final height was found to decrease height deficit after one and two years of treatment.
Management of Puberty in Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty
Authors: De Luca F. , Argente J. , Cavallo L. , Crowne E. , Delemarre-Van de Waal H.A. , De Sanctis C. , Di Maio S. , Norjavaara E. , Oostdijk W. , Severi F. , Tonini G. , Trifiro G , Voorhoeve P.G. , Wu F.
Published: November 2016

Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) is the most common presenting form of short stature, but no single test can infallibly discriminate CDGP and isolated hypogonado- trophic hypogonadism. Management of puberty in CDGP aims to optimise not only growth - maintaining body proportions and improving peak bone mass without impairing growth potential - but also well-being; for example, the distress boys often suffer because of their lack of growth and pubertal progression can affect their school performance and social relationships. Typical sex steroid treatments to induce puberty in boys with CDGP include testosterone (T) enanthate, T undecanoate, mixed T esters, T transdermal patches, and oxandrolone p.o. Compared with other regimens, short-course low-dose depot T i.m. is an effective, practical, safe, well tolerated, and inexpensive regimen. Some unresolved problems in management include optimal timing and dose of sex steroid treatment, the role of GH in CDGP, and the management of CDGP in girls.
Precariousness as Growth: Meritocracy, Human Capital Formation, and Workplace Regulation in Brazil, China and India
Authors: Kroncke Jedidiah J.
Published: November 2016

The place of labor regulation in contemporary development discourse revolves around the validity of the neoclassical assertion that any interference with market wage-setting mechanisms leads to a cruel twist–workers left unemployed in a less productive economy. The push for reducing individual and collective labor rights across the globe, commonly termed labor flexibilization, has been justified on the grounds that not only do “rigidities” arising from ostensibly pro-worker regulations hurt workers, they are also key and central impediment to growth. While the empirical grounds of the neoclassical assertion have become ever murkier over time, the appeal of this pro-growth assertion has been recurrent in economies of diverse incomes. For lower-income countries this has been doubly true, with pro-worker legacies cast as urgently necessary targets for reform. However, no true sustained example has emerged of a country that has unleashed employment growth through workplace deregulation. Instead, most attempts at such reform have ultimately led to political backlash when this promise has not materialized and populations have suffered the dislocations of ever-more precarious work. In this context, this paper looks at the recent discourses on workplace deregulation as applied to three of the largest global economies: Brazil, India and China. Each currently is at a different stage of what will be called “the flexibilization cycle.” In China, the Chinese Communist Party is grappling with a fundamental challenge to its legitimacy stemming from the accumulated dissatisfaction with weak workplace regulation and has rejected the flexibilization agenda. In India, workplace regulation has been promised by a new administration, but has been frustrated in attempts to combat significant backlash. And in Brazil, a new political administration has made the promise of flexibilization as foundational to reinvigorated growth after a pause in a decade of inclusive growth. Examining these case examples will expose why the cruel neoclassical twist never materializes and then leads to popular unrest. The twist’s assumptions about wage setting, especially in lower-income nations, ignores but is ultimately undermined by inherently unequal power dynamics in workplace institutions and the primacy of enforcement mechanisms. Further, general levels of human capital formation are far more central to actual economic development, which are in turn eroded by precarious work. The common emergence of labor flexibilization discourses during periods of economic recession is driven instead by opportunistic attempts to re-entrench elite status by diverting attention away from meritocratic reforms. By refocusing the debate on human capital development, the truly elusive growth potential of genuine meritocracy, rather then flexibilization, becomes clear as a driver of developmental success and as an explanatory factor in politics of labor regulation debates.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-7-methyl-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-3-carbonitrile, C16H11BrN2O3
Authors: Yu Xue-Jun , Zhao Lin-Ping , Ma Long-Ji , Gong Hua-Fen
Published: November 2016

C16H11BrN2O3, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 21.504(3) Å, b = 8.2788(10) Å, c = 18.170(3) Å, β = 110.511(5)°, V = 3029.8(7) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0429, wRref(F2) = 0.1251, T = 296 K.
Urban soundscape maps modelled with
geo-referenced data
Authors: Lavandier Catherine , Aumond Pierre , Gomez Saul , Dominguès Catherine
Published: November 2016

The noise maps that are currently proposed as
part of the EU Directive are based on the calculation of
the Lday, Levening and Lnight. These levels are calculated
from emission and propagation models that are expensive
in time. These noise maps are criticized for being distant
from the perception of city users. Thus, calculation models
of sound quality have been proposed, for being closer
to city users’ perception. They are either based on perceptual
variables, or on acoustic measurements, or on georeferenced
data, the latter being often already integrated
into the Geographic Information Systems of most French
metropolises. Considering 89 Parisian situations, this article
proposes to compare the sound quality really perceived,
with those from models using geo-referenced data.
It also looks at the modeling of perceptual variables that
influence the sound quality, such as perceived loudness,
the perceived time ratio of traffic, voices and birds. To do
this, such geo-referenced data as road traffic, the presence
of gardens, food shops, restaurants, bars, schools, markets,
are transformed into core densities. Being quick and
easy to calculate, these densities predict effectively sound
quality in the urban public space. Visualization of urban
soundscape maps are proposed in this paper.
An appraisal of the exit pressure method for normal stress measurements
Authors: Vlachopoulos J. , Mitsoulis E.
Published: November 2016

A numerical experiment has been carried out to assess the errors involved in using Han’s exit pressure method for the determination of the first normal stress difference with a slit die. The creeping flow equations for a viscoelastic fluid model have been solved using the finite element method. The calculated exit pressures are used in the determination of normal stresses and are compared to those obtained directly from the constitutive model. The results show that the exit pressure method gives reasonably accurate estimates of the first normal stress difference.
Relationship Between Fatigue Behavior and Nonlinear Dynamic Viscoelasticity for High-Density Polyethylenes with Different Aggregation States
Authors: Jo Nam-Ju , Koh Kwang-Nak
Published: November 2016

Relationships between fatigue behavior and nonlinear dynamic viscoelastic properties for the annealed, isothermally crystallized, and oriented high-density polyethylenes (HDPEs) with different molecular aggregation states were intensively discussed. Nonlinear dynamic viscoelasticity under cyclic fatigue was estimated on the basis of nonlinear viscoelastic parameter (NVP) which was defined as the contribution of higher harmonics of Fourier expanded stress signal. Fatigue strength of specimens decreased with an increase in the magnitude of NVP. Thus, NVP can be used as an index of fatigue strength for polymeric solids. Also, higher-order structural changes of specimens by cyclic straining were investigated and it was concluded that the nonlinear dynamic viscoelasticity under cyclic fatigue became dominant with an increase in cyclic straining concentration at the amorphous and/or spherulite or crystallite boundary regions.
Compatibilizing Effect of Poly(Styrene-co-Glycidyl Methacrylate) in MPPO/PBT Blend
Authors: Ahn Tae Oan , Jho Jae Young , Han Soo Young , Jeong Han Mo
Published: November 2016

The compatibilizing effect of three kinds of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (SGMA) in a modified poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (MPPO)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) blend was studied based on the morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical properties, rheological properties, and mechanical properties. When the content of SGMA in the blend was fixed at 3 phr, the compatibilizing effect of SGMA increased as the GMA content in SGMA was increased. When the content of the reactive GMA monomeric unit in the blend was fixed at 0.37 phr, SGMA containing 4 mol% of GMA unit was most effective for compatibilization among three kinds of SGMAs.
Melt Blends of SAN with Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylic Ester Copolymer
Authors: Hwang I. J. , Kim B.K.
Published: November 2016

Melt blends of SAN with acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic ester copolymer (ASA) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder. Morphology, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the SAN/ASA blend were studied in the full range of compositions. TEM micrographs showed a bimodal distribution of the rubber particles with 0.7 μm and 0.2 μm in diameter. The transition from brittle to ductile mode of failure occurred in the range of 20~30 wt% ASA The blends showed typical behavior of an immiscible system where melt viscosity exhibited a positive deviation from the log additivity. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of blends did not shift with increasing ASA content, indicative of complete phase separation.
Polyamide/Biopolymer Blends
Authors: Guerrero Carlos , González Virgilio , Ortiz Ubaldo
Published: November 2016

We prepared blends of polyamide 66 (P66) and chitin (QA) and its derivative, chitosan (AN), via the solution-casting technique. For P66 with 60% QN content, differential scanning calorimeter analysis showed an 81% decrease in the heat of fusion. When 15% P66 was added, the infrared spectral band of the carbonyl functional groups of the non-deacetylated portion of QN showed about 6 cm-1 displacement from its normal position. In addition, the carbonyl band of the P66 amide was expanded and displaced to the higher wavenumbers when QN was added. This spectral modification could be attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding between components, and the expansion of the P66 band could indicate an increase in disorder in the functional groups, namely, a transformation of P66 from the crystalline to the amorphous state. For P66/QA blends, no displacement of the functional group bands was detected, indicating the probable absence of miscibility of these blends. The morphology of the blends after solvent evaporation at 30°C was analyzed, using a cross-polarized optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope.
Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Poly(4-tert-Butylstyrene) by Inverse Gas Chromatography
Authors: Kaya İsmet , Mart Hasan
Published: November 2016

Some thermodynamic quantities were obtained for the interactions of poly (4-tert-butylstyrene) with alcohols, ketones, acetates, aromatics and alkanes by the inverse gas chromatography method in the temperature range of 343-463 K. The specific retention volumes (Vg°), the adsorption enthalpy of probes (ΔH2), the partial molar free energy of sorption (ΔG1
S), the enthalpy of sorption (ΔH1
S), the entropy of sorption (ΔS1
S), the weight fraction activity coefficients of solute probes at infinite dilution (Ω1
∞), and the Flory- Huggins thermodynamic interaction parameters (χ∞
12) between polymer and solvents are given. The partial molar free energy (ΔG1
∞, the partial molar heat of mixing (ΔH1
∞ at infinite dilution and the solubility parameters of the polymer (δ2) were calculated. The solubility parameter of poly (4-tert-butyl- styrene) was determined from either the slope or intercept as 7.25 (cal/cm3)0,5 and 7.00 (cal/cm3)0,5 at 180°C, respectively.
Ronald by Franz West. Mounting of a Three-Dimensional Papier-mâché Object
Authors: Hartl Andreas , Kaltenbruner Gerda , Steiner Karin
Published: November 2016

This paper describes a new mounting system for a structurally damaged paper maché object by the artist Franz West (1947–2012). Due to a massive but now inactive pest infestation, the papier-mâché core of the artwork was substantially damaged by numerous bore holes and tunnels. Moreover, mechanical impact had fractured the artwork, which further decreased its stability. To successfully stabilize the structure, methods of consolidation and strategies for mounting had to be combined. Conservation focused on consolidation and loss compensation of the insect damaged surface and subsurface of the object. The second and equally important part of the conservation concept dealt with mounting and at the same time securing the fractured area. This was accomplished by constructing a grid-shaped support structure that perfectly fit between the uneven backside surface of the object and the plane perspex back-board of the existing frame. The support structure holds the vulnerable area along the fracture in place while at the same time allowing for mounting of the object within the frame.
On Different Types of Naturalness in Morphological Change
Authors: Shannon Thomas F.
Published: November 2016

Anhand von Beispielen der Entwicklung des Substantivplurals im Deutschen, Niederländischen und Englischen werden hier die verschiedenen Natürlichkeitsparameter beim morphologischen Wandel erörtert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden drei Arten von Faktoren aufgezeigt: sprachunabhängige (universelle) morphologische Natürlichkeit (vgl. Mayerthaler 1981), sprachspezifische morphologische Normalität (vgl. Wurzel 1984) und zuletzt phonologische Natürlichkeit, genauer silbische Natürlichkeit im Sinne von Vennemanns Präferenzgesetzen für Silbenstruktur. Im Gegensatz zu den in der Natürlichen Morphologie sonst üblichen Annahmen in diesem Bezug behaupten wir hier, daß phonologische Natürlichkeit nicht immer und nur zerstörend auf die Morphologie ein wirkt, sondern auch die Richtung des morphologischen Wandels mit beeinflussen kann, wenn z. B. neue Pluralmarker analogisch eingeführt werden. Dann wird ceteris paribus ein Marker gewählt, der die semiotisch bevorzugte ikonische Kodierung der semantisch wichtigen Kategorie Plural gewährleistet, aber dabei am wenigsten gegen die universellen Silbenstrukturpräferenzen verstößt.
Reflection of the Nominal Classification in Manden and South-Western Maude Languages: The Connection Category
Authors: Vydrin V. F.
Published: November 2016

Vers la fin des années 70 on a mis en doute l’avis d’une absense originelle des classes nominales dans les langues Mandé. Le fondement de ces doutes était la présence d’un groupe de substantifs en Manding (surtout en Bamana) à consonnes initiales prénasalisées; tous ces substantifs se caractérisent par une sémantique spécifique.

Une analyse plus minutieuse des données des langues Manding, et aussi du materiel de langues du sous-groupe Mandé Sud-Ouest, nous permet de proposer la réconstruction de trois marques de classes en Pra-Mandé - *n1 -(apparemment, à ton haut), *n1 -...-NDIN ou *n1 -..,-NDIGI et *n2 -(apparemment, à ton bas). On peut considérer comme encore une marque do classe - morphème zéro *⌀-.

L’auteur présente une reconstruction du système des consonnes initiales du Pra-Sud- Ouest Mandé, en tenant compte des marques des classes indiquées. Il montre les voies do son évolution dans les langues Kpelle, Looma, Bandi, Mendé et Loko.

En conclusion l’auteur fournit une liste de mots, pour lesquels on peut proposer la reconstruction du préfixe *n2-en Pra-Sud-Ouest Mandé.
Die Balkanlinguistik und ihre Modelle
Authors: Steinke Klaus
Published: November 2016

This short description of the developping consciousness for the necessity of creating solid foundations for balkanlinguistics allows only a rather sketchy outline of the theoretical positions in this field from Kopitar up to our days. The beginnings are marked by the collection of mainly empirical materials without any corresponding explicit theoretical base for it. Trubetzkoy made with his definition of the Sprachbund an important step forward to consolidate the foundations of our discipline. Meanwhile the theoretical base has been enlarged by the contributions of other disciplines, e.g. by the models of convergence, of social networks etc. Borrowing them will not signify the end of balkanlinguistics, which on the contrary shows an openness for new questions.
Semantikforschung in der DDK – Bilanz und Ausblick
Authors: Wotjak Gerd
Published: November 2016

L’article se propose de tracer les lignes principales poursuivies dans la recherche sémantique en R. D. A., vue dans le contexte international et sous la perspective de la sémantique lexicale, de préférence lexicaliste. On n’y signale pas seulement les publications les plus importantes parues pendant les quarante ans passés dés la fondation do la R. D. A., mais l’on essaie aussi d’y faire un bilan des résultats obtenus et des approches favorisées tout en accentuant ce qu’il y a de spécifique, de réussi et de moins réussi dans cette recherche.
Réflexions sur les modifications des principes révolutionnaires de la politique linguistique dans les colonies françaises
Authors: Kremnitz Georg
Published: November 2016

Die Sprachpolitik, die Frankreich im 19. Jh. in den Kolonien betreibt, steht im offenen Widerspruch zu den sprachpolitischen Prinzipien der Revolution. Wenn erst die Beherrschung des Französischen die Beteiligung am gesellschaftlichen Leben ermöglicht, so werden von 1794 und besonders von 1881 an in Frankreich Bildungschancen im Prinzip für alle geschaffen. In den Kolonien Schwarzafrikas dagegen wurde eine halbherzige Bildungspolitik betrieben; die Statistiken belegen, daß nur ein verschwindend kleiner Teil der Afrikaner Schulen besuchte und über den Zugang zum Französischen die Staatsbürgerschaft erlangte, womit die ideologische Motivierung der Kolonialpolitik, die „Zivilisierung“, ad absurdum geführt wurde.
Wortbildungsforschung in der Volksrepublik China
Authors: Richter Gunnar
Published: November 2016

The paper describes three aspects of word-formation research in the People’s Republic of China: motives of word-formation research (beside scientific reason mainly practical reasons, like language teaching and setting up of principles for a future phonetic script), problems of the word as the object of word-formation (especially the complex word comprising compounds and derivatives) and problems of the morpheme as the basic unit of word-formation (the two concepts of cisu and yusu; various classifications of morphemes; the question of assigning lexical categories to morphemes). The paper is introduced by a brief historical survey on word-formation research in China beginning at the end of last century and divided into throe periods.
Zur Struktur des Wortes in altaischen Sprachen
Authors: Vietze Hans-Peter
Published: November 2016

In continuation of two previous articles in which the word and its semantic structure in Altaic languages were discussed the word is regarded as a set of monemes. This set is dissected in different ways, especially under the aspect of the positional distribution of the monemes. The result is a model in the form of a tree ending in a string. This string reflects the potential morphological structure of any word of an Altaic language.
Die Wortklassen des Bambara: Bestand und Abgrenzung
Authors: Brauner Siegmund
Published: November 2016

The article is a revised version of the author’s concept of word classes in Bambara first published in Lehrbuch den Bambara (Leipzig 1974). The problem is also discussed in modern Mande linguistic studies of various authors (Dumestre, Ebermann etc.). Trying to further develop Fries’ concept (The Structure of English, London 1963) of analysing word classes from their grammatical-syntactical distribution, four form classes and seven classes of functional words are recognised in Bambara. In addition to these two groups a third one is postulated: communicative-pragmatic words, which do not have any syntactic function nor do they serve to realise them, they only modify the speech intention and the communication process.
Zur Klassifikation der Wortarten im Koreanischen
Authors: Herrmann Wilfried
Published: November 2016

The present paper deals with a classification of the parts of speech of the Korean language giving priority to syntactico-functional and distributional criteria, which is considered as useful for the purpose of foreign language teaching. Primary syntactic functions of the different word classes have been determined and the question of conversion (change of parts of speech) as well as entering of equivocal (homonymous) words or word forms, both of the same origin, into different word classes according to their different syntactic features has been discussed. Furthermore, correlations between syntactically defined word classes and their morphological features have been specified.

As first step, lexical items have been divided into word classes having sentence value and not having sentence value, respectively.

As second step, word classes lacking sentence value have been divided into those capable of functioning as an independent member of sentence and those functioning mainly adjunctionally as constituent of a member of sentence, the former as to their primary or prevailing syntactic functions (i.o. predicates, „actants“, „circonstants“) being subdivided into verbs, nouns and adverbs, respectively, and the latter consisting in adjectives (modifiers).

Word classes endowed with sentence value consist of interjections and modal words.
Morphosyntaktische Probleme der Symbolisierung von Tempus, Modus und Aspekt in den Kreolsprachen der Kapverden und Guinea-Bissaus
Authors: Thiele Petra
Published: November 2016

The paper discusses the postulates made by Bickerton 1981 concerning the free occurrence of the TMA-morphemes and their invariant order in creole prototypical verbal systems with respect to Cape Verdian and Guinean Creole. It is argued that both creoles already dispose rather of bound than free morphemes and therefore should no longer be regarded as prototypical but late creoles. Required by the existence of postverbal morphemes in these two creoles an appropriate enlargement of the invariant TMA-morpheme order is proposed.
Chinesische Einflüsse auf die Lexik der Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Krause Erich-Dieter
Published: November 2016

The author traces Chinese influence on the Bahasa Indonesia. He lists Chinese loanwords in present-day Indonesian giving etymologies and discussing their assimilation process. The majority of these loans have their origins not in P’u-t’ung-hua but in the dialects of the South Eastern coastal provinces of China: Chekiang, Fukien and Kwangtung.

Especially the dialect of Southern Fukien, also known as Amoy Chinese, had great impact on the language habit of Malay-spenking Chinese settlers in the Indonesian archipelago. Bahasa Indonesia has absorbed a lot of these words which are now being widely used in the present-day spoken language of the Republic of Indonesia.
Sprachkontakt Malagasy - Französisch: Veränderungen im Kontinuum Französisch – madagassische Literatursprache – Umgangssprache
Authors: Schmidt Bebnd
Published: November 2016

L’article se propose de montrer un aspect du contact entre la langue malgache et française: des changements dans le continuum français - malgache standard - malgache parlé du à ce contact. Il traite le sujet d’une variante du malgache parlé comportant différentes sortes d’emprunts au français qui est désignée comme vary amin'anana ou fralgache, mais qui devrait être désignée - en tenant compte de sa structure - plus correctement comme malançais. Par l’intermédiaire do la pratique linguistique des forces sociales dirigeant le pays, cette variante a influencé le code écrit, c.-à-d. le malgache standard.
Betrachtungen zur Darstellung und Erfassung von Sprachdaten in den allindisclien Zensus
Authors: Gatzlaff Margot
Published: November 2016

India belongs to those multilingual countries in the world, which have on their disposal a systematic and scholarly well-founded survey about the stock of their languages, pursuing it continuously and methodically. Of great importance in this field are the Allindian census, taken respectively in the first year of each decade since the end of last century. In these census tho linguistic dates are an important and extensive part. From the progress in linguistics and in society new demands spring up, which have consequences for the approach to the inclusion and representation of linguistic dates in each census and lead to appropriate changes. This paper considers some questions and problems in this connection.
Androgen receptor signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer: a lesson in persistence
Authors: Coutinho Isabel , Day Tanya K , Tilley Wayne D , Selth Luke A
Published: November 2016

The androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis drives all stages of prostate cancer, including the lethal, drug-resistant form of the disease termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which arises after failure of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Persistent AR activity in spite of ADT and the second-generation AR-targeting agents enzalutamide and abiraterone is achieved in many cases by direct alterations to the AR signaling axis. Herein, we provide a detailed description of how such alterations contribute to the development and progression of CRPC. Aspects of this broad and ever-evolving field specifically addressed in this review include: the etiology and significance of increased AR expression; the frequency and role of gain-of-function mutations in theARgene; the function of constitutively active, truncated forms of the AR termed AR variants and the clinical relevance of alterations to the activity and expression of AR coregulators. Additionally, we examine the novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit these classes of therapy resistance mechanisms, with an emphasis on emerging agents that act in a manner distinct from the current ligand-centric approaches. Throughout, we discuss how the central role of AR in prostate cancer and the constant evolution of the AR signaling axis during disease progression represent archetypes of two key concepts in oncology, oncogene addiction and therapy-mediated selection pressure.
Regulation and roles of the hyaluronan system in mammalian reproduction
Authors: Fouladi-Nashta Ali A , Raheem Kabir A , Marei Waleed F , Ghafari Fataneh , Hartshorne Geraldine M
Published: November 2016

Hyaluronan (HA) is a non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan polymer naturally occurring in many tissues and fluids of mammals, including the reproductive system. Its biosynthesis by HA synthase (HAS1–3) and catabolism by hyaluronidases (HYALs) are affected by ovarian steroid hormones. Depending upon its molecular size, HA functions both as a structural component of tissues in the form of high-molecular-weight HA or as a signalling molecule in the form of small HA molecules or HA fragments with effects mediated through interaction with its specific cell-membrane receptors. HA is produced by oocytes and embryos and in various segments of the reproductive system. This review provides information about the expression and function of members of the HA system, including HAS, HYALs and HA receptors. We examine their role in various processes from folliculogenesis through oocyte maturation, fertilisation and early embryo development, to pregnancy and cervical dilation, as well as its application in assisted reproduction technologies. Particular emphasis has been placed upon the role of the HA system in pre-implantation embryo development and embryo implantation, for which we propose a hypothetical sequential model.
Stories of Methodology: Interviewing Sideways, Crooked and Crip
Authors: Price Margaret , Kerschbaum Stephanie L.
Published: November 2016

In this article, written in a combination of collaborative and singular voices, we tell the stories of shaping an interdependent crip methodology while conducting a qualitative interview study with 33 disabled faculty members. Our central argument is that disability crips methodology. In other words, centering disability from the beginning of a research project, and committing to collective access, reveal specific ways that disability changes the assumptions and outcomes that ordinarily characterize—or are assumed to characterize—research situations. To illuminate those specific ways, we focus on three dimensions of qualitative research that emerged as particularly important to our interdependent methodology: time, gaze, and emotion.
Film: Réflexions sur la Représentation du Handicap Retrouvée dans le Cinéma Québécois
Authors: Rouleau Joëlle
Published: November 2016

Réflexions sur la représentation du handicap retrouvée dans le cinéma québécois est un court- métrage documentaire s’articulant autour de deux questions principales : comment aborder la représentation du handicap telle qu’elle se retrouve dans certains films québécois ; et, dans quelle mesure l’étude critique de cette représentation permet-elle de concevoir le cinéma comme un régime de la représentation (Hall 1997a) québécois articulé autour de certaines normativités (Butler, 2004)? Pour y parvenir, la réalisatrice a entretenu une discussion avec des réalisateurs, réalisatrices, actrices et activistes au sujet de la lutte de pouvoir autour de la représentation (Hall, 1997a; du Gay et al., 1997); celle-ci s’inscrivant dans une lutte plus large concernant des rapports de force dans la société québécoise. Cette discussion prend pour étude de cas le film Prends-moi (2014), court-métrage de fiction réalisé par André Turpin et Anaïs Barbeau- Lavalettte, deux personnes non-handicapées. Le documentaire met de l’avant une analyse critique des représentations capacitiste, explorant l’autoreprésentation comme une réappropriation de l’espace culturel et social de la représentation des personnes handicapées dans le contexte québécois.  Réflexions sur la représentation du handicap retrouvée dans le cinéma québécois is a short documentary exploring two core questions: First, how can we approach the portrayal of disability in certain Québec films? And second, how can a critical study of disability facilitate a conceptualization of Québec cinema as part of a « regime of representation » (Hall, 1997) articulated around certain norms (Butler, 2004)? To do so, the director opens up a discussion with film directors, producers, actors and activists concerning the power struggles over representation (Hall, 1997; du Gay et al., 1997) and the broader power relations in Québec society of which they are a part. This discussion focuses on the Quebec film Prends-Moi (2014) directed by non-disabled filmmakers André Turpin and Anaïs Barbeau-Lavalette. The short documentary offers an exploration of cultural representations of disability in Quebec media that allows for a deeper analysis of Quebec’s ableist cultural conceptions as well as a space for self- representation, which can be understood as a form of re-appropriation of media space.
Stuttering from the Anus
Authors: Martin Daniel
Published: November 2016

This piece of writing is intended as a plea to people who stutter to embrace psychoanalytic theories of stuttering that relate dysfluent speech to unresolved neuroses stemming from the anal stage of human development. Premising its ideas on early psychoanalytic work by Sigmund Freud and Otto Fenichel, among others, this essay argues that there is much to be gained from pathologizing dysfluent speech as a product of unresolved narcissistic aggression. Rather than articulate a psychoanalytic cure for such aggression, this work of creative scholarly labour suggests that analogies comparing dysfluent speech to excrement have the potential to emancipate stuttering from the limited confines of the person who stutter’s mouth.
Hard Times in Big Easy
Authors: Salaam Kalamu ya
Published: November 2016

We experienced Katrina, but did we understand what we experienced? Do we really know the causes of the damage that was done and who was responsible? Have we undertaken real efforts to compensate those whose lives were damaged and to redevelop the areas most affected? Isn’t it ironic that the two areas most affected, most damaged, most destroyed as the result of human activity and not simply the result of levee failure have received the least attention and have had only a minuscule amount of redevelopment compared to other areas of New Orleans? Is it any wonder I do not celebrate the redevelopment of New Orleans? What do I, a child of Lower Nine, have to celebrate?