bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide in Terms of Antimicrobial Activity and Dentin Bond Strength
Authors: Kalay Tugba Serin , Kara Yakup , Karaoglu Sengul Alpay , Kolayli Sevgi
Published: August 2021

Background:

Antimicrobial agents are recommended for disinfection of the cavity following mechanical dental caries removal prior to application of restorative material. There is limited information about stabilized Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) as a cavity disinfectant.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity and effect on dentin bond strength of ClO2 compared to chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Ethanolic Propolis Extract (EPE).

Methods:

Antimicrobial activities of agents against oral pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and analyses of EPE were examined. Seventyfive mandibular third molars were sectioned, prepared and divided into five subgroups (n=15/group). Cavity disinfectants (2% CHX, 2.5% NaOCl, 30% EPE, 0.3% ClO2) were applied to etched dentin prior to adhesive and composite build-up. Shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The SBS data were analyzed with One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p <0.05). The failure modes were evaluated with a stereomicroscope.

Results:

It was determined that the compared disinfectants were showed different inhibition zone values against oral pathogens. ClO2 exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by CHX, NaOCI and EPE, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in the SBS values between the disinfectant treated groups and control group. The failure modes were predominantly mixed.

Conclusion:

The use of 0.3% stabilized ClO2 as a cavity disinfectant agent exhibited high antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and no adverse effects on SBS to etched dentin.
Integrated Transcriptomics and Reverse Pharmacophore Mapping-based
Network Pharmacology to Explore the Mechanisms of Natural Compounds
against Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Fang Luo , Zhu Junfeng , Yi Xiaojiao , Ding Haiying , Zhong Like
Published: August 2021

Background:

Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity (DIC) has greatly limited the clinical
benefits of this frontline drug in oncotherapy. Drug combination with Natural Compounds (NCs)
that possess potency against DIC is considered as a promising intervention strategy. However, the
Mechanisms of Action (MoAs) underlying such drug interactions remain poorly understood. The
aim of this study was to systematically pursuit of the molecular mechanisms of NCs against DIC.

Methods:

First, the gene expression signatures of DIC were characterized from transcriptomics
datasets with doxorubicin-treated and untreated cardiomyocytes using differentially expressed gene
identification, functional enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction network analysis.
Secondly, reverse pharmacophore mapping-based network pharmacology was employed to
illustrate the MoAs of 82 publicly reported NCs with anti-DIC potency. Cluster analysis based on
their enriched pathways was performed to gain systematic insights into the anti-DIC mechanisms
of the NCs. Finally, the typical compounds were validated using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
(GSEA) of the relevant gene expression profiles from a public gene expression database.

Results:

Based on their anti-DIC MoAs, the 82 NCs could be divided into four groups, which
corresponded to ten MoA clusters. GSEA and literature evidence on these compounds were
provided to validate the MoAs identified through this bioinformatics analysis. The results
suggested that NCs exerted potency against DIC through both common and different MoAs.

Conclusion:

This strategy integrating different types of bioinformatics approaches is expected to
create new insights for elucidating the MoAs of NCs against DIC.
Diabetic Neuropathy: Review on Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Sanaye Mrinal M. , Kavishwar Samruddhi A.
Published: August 2021

:

Diabetic mellitus is a worldwide endocrine and metabolic disorder with insulin
insensitivity or deficiency or both whose prevalence could rise up to 592 million by 2035.
Consistent hyperglycemia leads to one of the most common comorbidities like Diabetic
Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN). DPN is underlined with unpleasant sensory experience,
such as tingling and burning sensation, hyperalgesia, numbness, etc. Globally, 50-60%
of the diabetic population is suffering from such symptoms as microvascular
complications. Consistent hyperglycemia during DM causes activation/inhibition of
various pathways playing important role in the homeostasis of neurons and other cells.
Disruption of these pathways results into apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunctions,
causing neuropathy. Among these, pathways like Polyol and PARP are some of the
most intensively studied ones whereas those like Wnt pathway, Mitogen activated
protein kinase (MAPK), mTOR pathway are comparatively newly discovered.
Understanding of these pathways and their role in pathophysiology of DN underlines a
few molecules of immense therapeutic value. The inhibitors or activators of these
molecules can be of therapeutic importance in the management of DPN. This review,
hence, focuses on these underlying molecular mechanisms intending to provide
therapeutically effective molecular targets for the treatment of DPN.
Low pH and Temperature of Airway Surface Liquid are Key
Determinants that Potentiate SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity
Authors: Sharma Nilesh Kumar , Sarode Sachin C.
Published: August 2021

:

Overwhelming responses are seen at preclinical and clinical levels to
understand and combat coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic that is caused
by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]. Encouraging
successes are achieved in view of diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures,
including vaccines development. In fact, structural information of SARS-CoV-2 and
molecular steps that help this virus target AECs are appreciably studied. Furthermore,
the heterogeneous and complex nature of COVID-19 is extensively revealed at
molecular, genetic, and epigenetic and microenvironment levels. In spite of these
developments in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the reasons behind the targeted infection by
SARS-CoV-2 to AECs are poorly understood. In this mini-review, we highlight the roles
of pH and temperature of airway surface liquid [ASL] as a key determining factor that
may contribute towards enhanced targeted infection by SARS-CoV-2 leading to COVID-
19.
Chemical Composition, Acetylcholine Esterase and Anti-bacterial Activities of Essential Oils of Elaeosilenum thapsioides (Desf.) Maire from Algeria
Authors: Barbeche Zakaria , Laouer Hocine , Erenler Ramazan , Hajji Mohamed , Flamini Guido , Pieracci Ylenia , Khattabi Latifa , Bensouici Chawki , Akkal Salah
Published: August 2021

Background:

Traditionally, the Algerian medicinal plant Elaeosilenum thapsioides
(Desf.) Maire has been used for many diseases. The present research work aims to explore the
chemical and biological characterization of its essential oil.

Methods :

The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of different Elaeosilenum thapsioides
(Apiaceae) aerial parts samples collected from two different regions (Mahouane and Megres)
from Setif, Eastern Algeria. The chemical characterization of the obtained essential oils is reported
here for the first time. Besides, they were evaluated for their in vitro Acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) inhibitory activity involved in Alzheimer’s disease using Ellman’s spectrophotometric
method.

Results:

Additionally, their in vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed by the disc diffusion
method. Both activities were performed at various oil concentrations. The GC/MS analysis of the
essential oils from aerial parts (leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds) of E. thapsioides identified 47
constituents. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main components, ranging from 72.78 to
99.13%. Oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes ranged between 1.37 and
17.25% and 0.12 and 3.53% in essential oils from leaves and stems. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons
were present in small to large quantities in the essential oils of both populations, ranging from 0.69
to 13.44%. The presence of m-Methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate was recorded in stems essential oils
from Mahouane and leaves essential oils from Merges, which was 9.73% and 3.72%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The stems essential oils obtained from plants collected in Mahouane showed the highest
AChE inhibitory activity. The highest anti-bacterial activity was shown by the essential oil obtained
from Megres leaves against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. The oils exhibited a moderate inhibitory
activity in both tests.
Natural Bioactive as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for the Management of Cyclophosphamide-induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Iqubal Ashif , Wasim Mohd. , Ashraf Mohd. , Najmi Abul Kalam , Syed Mansoor Ali , Ali Javed , Haque Syed Ehtaishamul
Published: August 2021

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an extensively used anticancer drug, but its cardiotoxic
manifestation is a major concern for its widespread clinical use. The observed cardiotoxic
attributes have been reported at the therapeutic dose and often result into a high mortality
rate and poor clinical outcome. Fall in the level of antioxidant enzymes catalase
(CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) generation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer
of activated B cells (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-
1β), apoptotic proteins (caspases) and direct damage to myocardial tissue (histological and
ultrastructural damage) are some of the reported manifestations of cardiotoxicity. The observed
clinical attributes of CP-induced cardiotoxicity are myocarditis, hemorrhage, thrombosis,
myocardial infarction (MI), reduced ejection fraction, altered electrocardiogram
(ECG) reading and heart failure. However, unlike Daxarazasone (an adjuvant to reduce
doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity), no approved adjuvant is available to mitigate CPinduced
cardiotoxicity. Thus, various natural bioactives have been explored for the possible
cardioprotective effect against CP-induced cardiotoxicity. In the current manuscript, we
have discussed the clinical and preclinical aspects of CP-induced cardiotoxicity, its clinically
used combination with other anticancer drugs, and the available therapeutic regimen to
mitigate this cardiotoxicity. Further, we discussed the limitations of available synthetic
drugs used as an adjuvant and discussed various natural bioactive and their experimental
details. This manuscript's overall goal is to throw light on CP-induced cardiotoxicity and
summarize all the experimental data so that researchers working in this field may scientifically
get up-to-date information in one place.
Phenanthrene Dimers: Promising Source of Biologically Active Molecules
Authors: De Natale Antonino , Pollio Antonino , De Marco Anna , Luongo Giovanni , Di Fabio Giovanni , Zarrelli Armando
Published: August 2021

:

To date, just over a hundred phenanthrenoid dimers have been isolated. Of these, forty-two
are completely phenanthrenic in nature. They are isolated from fourteen genera of different plants
belonging to only five families, of which Orchidaceae is the most abundant source. Other nine completely
acetylated and five methylated dimers were also defined, which were effective in establishing
the position of the free hydroxyls of the corresponding natural products, from which they were obtained
by semi-synthesis. Structurally, they could be useful chemotaxonomic markers considering that
some substituents are typical of a single-family, such as the vinyl group for Juncaceae. From a biogenetic
point of view, it is thought that these compounds derive from the radical coupling of the corresponding
phenanthrenes or by dehydrogenation of the dihydrophenanthrenoid analogs. Phenanthrenes
or dihydroderivatives possess different biological activities, e.g., antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory,
antioxidant, spasmolytic, anxiolytic, and antialgal effects. The aim of this review is to
summarize the occurrence of phenanthrene dimers in the different natural sources and give a comprehensive
overview of their structural characteristics and biological activities.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Aldehyde Derivatives of Isopimaric Acid
Authors: Lu Yanju , Zhao Zhendong , Chen Yuxiang , Wang Jing
Published: August 2021

Four series of acylhydrazone derivatives, including halogenated aryl modified acylhydrazone,
thiophene, pyrrole and quinoline, were synthesized and characterized. The minimum inhibitory
concentrations of the compounds against five bacteria were determined and most of the compounds
displayed some degree of antibacterial activity. Isopimaric acid (pyrrole-3-carboxaldehyde) acylhydrazone
(3j) exhibited the most potent activity against Streptococcus pneumonia and Klebsiella Pneumonia,
with the minimum inhibitory concentration being 3.91 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity against
S. pneumoniae was improved when the pyrrole structure was introduced into isopimaric acid. All heterocyclic
acylhydrazone derivatives of isopimaric acid exhibited a good in vitro antitumorial activity at
100 μM. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of isopimaric acid (2-fluoro-6-methoxybenzaldehyde)
acylhydrazone (3d) on Hep G2 and isopimaric acid (3-bromothiophene-2-carbaldehyde) acylhydrazone
(3g) on Hep G2 and MDAMB 231 is better than that of the positive control 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
(76.51%), which is a widely used clinical anticancer agent, at 100 μM.
CT Imaging Research Progress in COVID-19
Authors: Shen Zhi Yong , Yan Xun Cheng , You Xiao Dong , Zhang Xue Wen
Published: August 2021

:

The highly contagious novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out at the end
of 2019 and has lasted for nearly one year, and the pandemic is still rampant around the world. The
diagnosis of COVID-19 is on the basis of the combination of epidemiological history, clinical
symptoms, and laboratory and imaging examinations. Among them, imaging examination is of importance
in the diagnosis of patients with suspected clinical cases, the investigation of asymptomatic
infections and family clustering, the judgment of patient recovery, rediagnosis after disease recurrence,
and prognosis prediction. This article reviews the research progress of CT imaging examination
in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pleiotropic Beneficial Effects of Dietary L-Ascorbic Acid Fortification in
Middle-Aged Mice
Authors: Olofinnade Anthony , Onaolapo Adejoke , Onaolapo Olakunle , Olowe Olugbenga
Published: August 2021

Background:

An enhanced knowledge of the multiple effects of ascorbic acid (AA) in
health can broaden our understanding of the impacts of its deficiency.

Method:

Mice (10-12 month old) were either fed standard rodent feed or AA-fortified diet at 100,
200 and 300 mg/kg of feed, respectively for 8 weeks. On completion of the study, animals were sacrificed,
following which haematological, inflammatory/apoptotic marker, oxidative stress markers,
and markers of hepatic/renal integrity were assessed.

Results:

Across the groups, AA fortified diet was associated with an increase in food consumption;
however, body weight reduction occurred at the lowest concentration, while weight gain was observed
at the higher concentrations. Haematological indices (white cell count, granulocytes, lymphocytes,
and red cell count) increased at the highest concentration; while some other red cell parameters
decreased. A concentration-dependent improvement in antioxidant status, with the greatest
benefit at the highest concentration, was observed. Also, a concentration-dependent modulation
of inflammatory markers, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, and biochemical markers of liver and kidney
function was observed.

Conclusion:

Dietary fortification with AA in middle-aged mice impacted several measurable parameters
in a concentration dependent manner. In addition to its antioxidant effects, it was also associated
with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
Authors: R.S. Remya
Published: August 2021

Background:

Cancer is undoubtedly a major challenge of modern era and is the second
leading cause of death in the world. Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading
cause of cancer death among men and women. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) accounts
for 84% of all lung cancer diagnosed. Benzimidazoles are important heterocyclic compounds
possessing a variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
and analgesic, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and hypoglycemic activities. Pyrazolines reported
antitumor, immunosuppressive, antibacterial and anti tubercular agents. Biological activities
of the benzimidazole derivatives depend on the functional group attached to the benzimidazole moiety.

Objective:

The present research focused on incorporating pyrazoline nucleus into benzimidazole
nucleus to form a potent anticancer agent targeting lung cancer therapy.

Method:

The in silico novel pyrazoline substituted benzimidazole derivatives were designed.
Docking was performed to know the binding interactions of the newer agents with the enzymes.
The compounds were found to be active in docking studies synthesized and tested for anticancer activity.
In vitro screening of the selected derivatives for anticancer activity by MTT assay method
showed very good results. Cytotoxicity of compounds BZ1, BZ2, BZ10 and BZ16 studied against
fibrosarcoma and lung cancer cell line.

Results:

The compound BZ1 showed highest activity against fibrosarcoma and lung cancer cell
line.

Conclusion:

Further studies on these compounds to prove it as a lead compound in cancer therapy
should be conducted.
The Hepatoprotective Role of Warburgia salutaris and Iso-Mukaadial Acetate
on Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxicated Rats Model
Authors: Ayeni Gideon , Simelane Mthokozisi Blessing Cedric , Islam Md. Shahidul , Pooe Ofentse Jacob
Published: August 2021

Background:

Medicinal plants, together with their isolated bioactive compounds, are
known for their antioxidant properties, which constitute therapeutic agents that are routinely employed
in the treatment of liver diseases.

Aims of the Study:

The current study sought to explore the protective role of Warburgia salutaris
and its isolated compound, iso-mukaadial acetate, against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic
injury.

Methods:

Thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups of five animals
each and injected with CCl4 to induce hepatic injury.

Results:

Treatment with the crude extract of W. salutaris and iso-mukaadial acetate significantly reduced
the levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate amino transaminases, and total
bilirubin and malondialdehyde in a dose-dependent manner compared to untreated groups. Liver
histology revealed a reduction in hepatic necrosis and inflammation.

Conclusion:

The current investigation has demonstrated that W. salutaris extract and iso-mukaadial
acetate could mitigate the acute liver injury inflicted by a hepatotoxic inducer in rats.
Investigating Potential Drug-Drug Interactions from Greek e-Prescription Data
Authors: Lalagkas Panagiotis-Nikolaos , Poulentzas Georgios , Tsiolis Lampros , Berberoglou Eleftherios , Hadjipavlou-Litina Dimitra , Douros Antonios , Kontogiorgis Christos , Constantinides Theodoros
Published: August 2021

Background:

The prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) is indicative
of the prevalence of actual drug-drug interactions and prescription quality. However, they are significantly
understudied in Greece.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of pDDIs among outpatients
and identify factors associated with their occurrence.

Methods:

Anonymous e-prescription data between 2012 and 2017 were obtained from community
pharmacies in Thessaloniki, Greece. Patients taking more than one medication for at least three
months were included. pDDIs were identified and categorized depending on their clinical significance
using Drug Interactions Checker. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with accompanying
95% confidence intervals (CIs) of risk factors of pDDIs occurrence were identified using multivariable
logistic regression.

Results:

During the study period, 6,000 anonymous e-prescriptions (1,000 per year) satisfying the
inclusion criteria were collected. The overall prevalence of major pDDIs was 17.4% (63.0% for
moderate pDDIs). The most common major pDDIs were between amlodipine and simvastatin
(22.8% of major interactions), followed by clopidogrel and omeprazole (6.4% of major interactions).
Polypharmacy (≥5 concomitantly received medications) was associated with an increased risk
of major pDDIs (adjusted OR, 5.72; 95% CI, 4.87-6.72); no associations were observed regarding
age, sex, and number of prescribing physicians.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of pDDIs in this study was higher than previously reported in other
European countries, with polypharmacy being a potential risk factor. Those results argue for a need
for improvement in the area of prescribing in Greece.
Management of Acute Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: Has Anything Changed?
Authors: Anbalagan Lokhesh C. , Arora Navneet , Pannu Ashok K.
Published: August 2021

Due to its easy availability, rapid and severe toxicity, and no specific antidote, aluminum
phosphide has emerged as a lethal toxin, commonly used for suicidal intent in agricultural
communities. Despite various advances in medicine, this compound’s toxicity is poorly understood,
and it still has a very high case fatality rate with no definitive treatment options available.
This review aims to understand the mechanism of toxicity, clinical toxidrome of acute aluminum
phosphide poisoning, and the available therapeutic options, including recent advances. A literature
review was performed searching PubMed, EMBASE Ovid, and Cochrane Library, using the following
search items: (“aluminum phosphide poisoning” OR “aluminum phosphide poisoning toxicity”
OR “aluminum phosphide ingestion”) AND (“management” OR “therapy” OR “treatment”). Selected
articles were discussed amongst all the authors to shape this review. High case fatality rate and
lack of any specific antidote are persisting challenges. Therapeutic measures need to be implemented
from all fronts – reducing easy access to the poison, developing less toxic alternatives for use as
a pesticide, and more studies directed at developing an effective reversal agent for phosphine. The
advent of promising agents like glucose-insulin-potassium infusion and lipid emulsion is a new ray
of hope in the complete recovery in this fatal poisoning. The need of the hour is to find an agent
that rapidly and effectively reverses aluminum phosphide's toxic effects. Large multicenter controlled
trials are required to establish the role of glucose-insulin-potassium and lipid emulsion.
Wheelchair Skills Training: A scoping review
Authors: Abdul Rahim Mohd Zulkifli , Che Daud Ahmad Zamir , Ab Rahim Yang Nurul Akrami
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to examine the types of available evidence and knowledge gaps on wheelchair skills training among PWDs in literature. This study employed a scoping review method and was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's using five steps framework. A total of 15 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. The results support the effectiveness of wheelchair skills training through personal feedbacks from participants, observation and the use of standardized outcome measures, including self-perceived assessment. This study highlights the importance and benefit of wheelchair skills training to wheelchair users, caregivers and health personnel.
Keywords: Keywords: Skill Training; Disability; Wheelchair; Scoping Review
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2879
A Comparative Study of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Fe-ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Precipitation and Microwave Method for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors:   Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA, Neupane Ganga R. , Kaphle Amrit ,   Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA, Mcllroy David N. ,   Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA,   Oklahoma Photovoltaic Research Institute, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA, Echeverria Elena ,   Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA, Sankaran Prasanna ,   Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA, Hari Parameswar ,   Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA,   Oklahoma Photovoltaic Research Institute, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA
Published: August 2021

Iron doped ZnO (Fe-ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using two techniques that are economical as well as scalable to yield tunable properties of nanoparticles for facilitating down conversion in an absorbing layer of a solar cell. To evaluate the suitability of Fe-ZnO nanoparticles prepared by two deposition methods, we present a comparison of optical, electrical, and structural properties of Fe-ZnO using several experimental techniques. Structural properties were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) with Rietveld analysis for extracting information on compositional variations with Fe doping. The chemical composition of nanoparticles was analyzed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties of nanoparticles were studied using photoluminescence and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. In addition, fluorescence lifetime measurement was also performed to study the changes in an exponential decay of lifetimes. The electrical transport properties of Fe-ZnO were analyzed by impedance spectroscopy. Our studies indicate that ethanol as a solvent in a microwave method would produce smaller nanoparticles up to the size of 11 nm. In contrast, the precipitation method produces secondary phases of Fe2O3 beyond 5% doping. In addition, our studies show that the optical and electrical properties of resulting Fe-ZnO nanoparticles depend on the particle sizes and the synthesis techniques used. These new results provide insight into the role of solvents in fabricating Fe-ZnO nanoparticles by precipitation and microwave methods for photovoltaic and other applications.
Maintenance Optimization of Wind Turbines Using Weather-Dependent Equivalent Age Model
Authors:   Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA, Aldubaisi Ali ,   Department of Informatics and Engineering Systems , University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA, Valenzuela Jorge ,   Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
Published: August 2021

Aging models are important input into wind farm maintenance and financial viability models. Aging of wind turbines depends on many factors, including both ambient and usage conditions. This paper presents a virtual age based maintenance model for wind turbines considering the effect of wind speed and ambient air temperature on turbine aging. Two maintenance thresholds (i.e., corrective threshold and preventive threshold) and three repair actions (i.e., unscheduled corrective, scheduled corrective and preventive actions) are integrated into the maintenance model. The objective is to determine the optimal thresholds values that minimize the expected total maintenance costs. A discreet time simulation model is developed to produce 20 years of weather and usage scenarios for a single onshore wind turbine. The optimization model is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear problem and solved using the Nelder–Mead method. A numerical example is presented to highlight the benefits of the proposed approach. Compared with traditional age-based maintenance, the proposed approach can achieve improvement in both availability and costs. The results show up to 50% reduction in maintenance cost as well as the significance of the effects of wind speed and ambient air temperature in maintenance planning.
A Highly-efficiency Position Sensorless Electric Vehicle Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Kumar Ganisetti Vijay , Lu Min-Ze ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Liaw Chang-Ming ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Published: August 2021

The development of high-efficiency motor drives for various applications is important in the industry 4.0 era, especially for their extensive application to electric vehicles (EVs). In this study, a position sensorless EV synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) drive has been developed, which exhibits good driving performance and efficiency over a wide speed and load range. To solve the key problems popularly encountered in the existing approaches, the high-frequency injection (HFI) scheme based on q-axis injection has been proposed. In addition, the changed-frequency injection has been adopted considering the effects of speed/load dependent slotting ripple current. Robust observed speed and position controllers have been added to enhance the sensorless control performance. For the SynRM basic driving control scheme, robust current control and adaptive commutation with minimized motor losses have been achieved that yield satisfactory driving performance up to the rated speed and load. Good EV driving performance has been demonstrated experimentally, including starting, dynamic, acceleration/deceleration, and reversible operations. In addition, the steady-state characteristics have been assessed, and the high efficiencies have been observed to be comparable to the standard drive.
Gastro-Esophageal Reflux in the Newborn: Pathologic Event or Does Spit Happen?
Authors:   The Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Stepanovich Gretchen , Donn Steven M. ,   The Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Published: August 2021

Infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) are among the most vulnerable patients in medicine and are at risk for a variety of morbidities, many of which require pharmacologic therapy. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common diagnosis in the NICU patient population and may or may not represent a truly pathologic process. Regardless, pharmacologic therapy is provided to many infants, who are already exposed to an inordinate number of pharmacologic agents, of which most are off label and have an inadequate evidence base to establish either efficacy or safety. Furthermore, as infancy represents a time of dramatic growth and development, many conditions resolve over time, making treatment unnecessary and potentially dangerous. Infants with GERD, especially those born prematurely, exemplify the complexity of attempting pharmacologic therapy with unproven consistent benefit versus “watching and waiting.” The following will present physiology of GERD, gastrointestinal tract anatomy and development as well as options for pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies.
Effect of Recycled Rubber Particles on the Deicing Salt-Scaling Durability of Concrete
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, B.B.A University, BP34030, Bordj Bou-Arréridj, Algeria, Guelmine Layachi , Hadjab Hadda ,   Civil Engineering Faculty, USTHB, FGC BP32, Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algeria
Published: August 2021

The present study investigated the effect of reused rubber particles (RRP) on the deicer salt durability of ordinary concrete. Four mixtures were designed, a control concrete (CC) and three other rubber concretes obtained by partial substitution of natural dune sand aggregate with reused rubber particles with 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% w/w. All studied concretes were subjected to the combined effect of freeze/thaw (56 and 120) cycles with the deicer salt solution of 3% NaCl. The results indicated that RRP improved the deicer-salt scaling resistance of rubber concrete strongly compared with the control. The observed innovative property of RRP could be applied to cement-based materials to improve their deicer salt durability. Further, this environmentally friendly practice could reduce the stock of waste tires and offer a renewable source of construction aggregates.
Comparative study between lumpy skin disease virus and sheep pox virus vaccines against recent field isolate of lumpy skin disease virus
Authors: Shafik Nermeen G , Khafagy Heba A , AM Amal , Bassiuony Ayatollah I , Fouad Zaki Farid , Mikhael Christine A , Samy Abousenna Mohamed
Published: August 2021

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a vector born disease of cattle, caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), there is antigenic relationship between LSDV, Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and Goat pox virus GTPV within a genus Capripoxvirus, accordingly it can be used homologous or heterologous Capripoxvirus strains for vaccination of cattle against LSD. This study compare the efficacy of live attenuated Neethling LSDV vaccine and live attenuated Romanian SSPV Vaccine against recent circulating LSDV field isolate. The evaluation was done in calves as the main host of LSD, through using three different batches for each vaccine type. Experimental calf groups were vaccinated with vaccines batches, and after 21 days serum samples were collected for evaluation of humoral immune response by using SNT and commercial ELISA technique, then the vaccinated calves were challenged by virulent LSDV field isolate. The results of SNT for vaccinated calves by LSDV vaccines indicated mean neutralizing antibody titer 1.2, 1.6 and1.5 log10 for the batches 1, 2 and 3 respectively, while vaccinated calves by SPPV vaccines indicated 1.05, 1.05 and 1.5 log10 for the batches 1,2 and 3 respectively; the ELISA mean sample to positive (S/P) percentage for the vaccine batches 1, 2 and 3 of LSDV were 40, 45 and 42% respectively and for SPPV vaccine batches 1,2 and 3 were 35, 37 and 40 % respectively, the challenge test indicated mean difference titer for the groups of calves vaccinated with LSDV vaccine were 4.2, 4.5 and 3.8 log10 and for groups vaccinated with SPPV vaccine were 2.6, 2 and 2.65 log10 respectively, it was concluded that potential using of Neethling LSDV vaccine against LSD is superior for combating and prevention of the lumpy skin disease.
Assessment of the diagnostic value of CEA, CA125, and CRP and their cut-off point for discrimination of exudative pleural effusions
Authors: Raji Hanie , Hamid Borsi Seyed , Dargahi MalAmir Mehrdad , Asadollah Salmanpour Ahmad Reza
Published: August 2021

Pleural effusion is divided into exudative and transudative effusion, and the distinction between exudate and transudate requires multiple investigations of biochemical parameters and their comparison in pleural fluid and serum. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of CEA, CA125, and CRP and their cut-off point for discrimination of exudative pleural effusions. This epidemiological and cross-sectional study was performed on 50 patients aged between 18 to 90 years with the diagnosis of exudative pleural effusion referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz in 2018 and 2019. Demographic and clinical information of patients were collected. The pleural effusion was diagnosed based on physical examination and chest radiography. Pleural effusion was confirmed by thoracentesis. A pleural fluid sample was taken from all patients, and the levels of CEA, CA125, and CRP markers were measured in the pleural fluid. Differentiation of transudate and exudate pleural effusions was performed using Light criteria. The mean CEA and CA125 level of pleural fluid were significantly higher, and the mean CRP level of pleural fluid was significantly lower in patients with malignant diagnoses (P <0.05). Cut-off value with highest sensitivity and specificity in differentiating types of exudative pleural effusions was obtained for CEA tumor marker (greater than 49.8), CA125 tumor marker (greater than 814.02), and CRP marker (less than 7.56). Also, in differentiating types of exudative pleural effusions, CEA tumor marker had sensitivity (89.03%) and specificity (78.42%); CA125 tumor marker had sensitivity (53.18%) and specificity (62.44%), and CRP marker had sensitivity (82.16%), and specificity (89.05%) were. Although the tumor markers had high specificity in the present study, the low sensitivity of some of these tumor markers reduced their diagnostic value. On the other hand, given the numerous advantages of tumor markers, such as low cost and non-invasive, combining them with another can increase the diagnostic value and accuracy.
Role of Candida glabrata as nosocomial pathogen and its susceptibility to Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Caspofungin, Micafungin and Amphotericin B
Authors: Hashim Mohammed Teeba , Hashim Risan Mohsen , Kadhom Mohammed , Yousif Emad
Published: August 2021

Candida has different types that could cause bloodstream infections. A total number of 150 samples were collected from candidemia patients and examined. The Candida spp. Species isolated from blood samples were analysed. These were identified by culturing the species using different media, namely the chromogenic agar test. Then, the virulence factors of all samples were tested. The Candida glabrata isolates were tested with six commercial antifungal drugs. C. glabrata 67 (44.6%), C. albicans 34 (22.6%), C. krusei 18 (12%), C. tropicalis 17 (11.3%), and C. parasilosis 14 (9.3%). the production of phospholipase ranged between 0.63-0.99 mm. It was found that 96% of the species showed phospholipase activity in aerobic conditions. The protease activities of Candida spp. Isolates were experimentally tested by area of inhibition around the colonies, where 59.3% had the double (++) protease activity, 31.4% with (+) grade, and 9.3% had (–) grade or clear zone around the colony. The hemolytic capacity ranged from 0.69-0.89 in the optimum aerobic environments. Finally, 38.33% of the isolated Candida spp. were positive and 61.67% negative for biofilm formation. Out of the total positive Candida spp. for biofilm formation, 21.73% were strong biofilm producers, and 78.27% were weak. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Fluconazole for C. glabrata isolates was not appropriate (NA) due to the occurrence of low inhibition tested for species. Micafungin exhibited the lowest fungicidal activity against C. glabrata ranging from 0.03 - 0.125, while Fluconazole showed the highest.
SARS-Cov-2 y tromboembolia pulmonar en pacientes críticamente enfermos, experiencia de una unidad de cuidados criticos
Authors: Vélez-Páez Jorge Luis , López-Rondón Edgar , Montalvo-Villagómez Mario
Published: August 2021

La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2, que inicialmente se planteó como una afección predominantemente respiratoria, se ha convertido en una noxa con manifestaciones en múltiples órganos, el factor común para la llegada del virus a los mismos son los receptores ACE 2, que es por dónde el virus ingresa a nuestras células.
Novel Methods in the Surveillance of Influenza-Like Illness in Germany Using Data From a Symptom Assessment App (Ada): Observational Case Study
Authors: Cawley Caoimhe , Bergey François , Mehl Alicia , Finckh Ashlee , Gilsdorf Andreas
Published: August 2021

Background

Participatory epidemiology is an emerging field harnessing consumer data entries of symptoms. The free app Ada allows users to enter the symptoms they are experiencing and applies a probabilistic reasoning model to provide a list of possible causes for these symptoms.

Objective

The objective of our study is to explore the potential contribution of Ada data to syndromic surveillance by comparing symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI) entered by Ada users in Germany with data from a national population-based reporting system called GrippeWeb.

Methods

We extracted data for all assessments performed by Ada users in Germany over 3 seasons (2017/18, 2018/19, and 2019/20) and identified those with ILI (report of fever with cough or sore throat). The weekly proportion of assessments in which ILI was reported was calculated (overall and stratified by age group), standardized for the German population, and compared with trends in ILI rates reported by GrippeWeb using time series graphs, scatterplots, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results

In total, 2.1 million Ada assessments (for any symptoms) were included. Within seasons and across age groups, the Ada data broadly replicated trends in estimated weekly ILI rates when compared with GrippeWeb data (Pearson correlation—2017-18: r=0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0.92; P<.001; 2018-19: r=0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.94; P<.001; 2019-20: r=0.64, 95% CI 0.44-0.78; P<.001). However, there were differences in the exact timing and nature of the epidemic curves between years.

Conclusions

With careful interpretation, Ada data could contribute to identifying broad ILI trends in countries without existing population-based monitoring systems or to the syndromic surveillance of symptoms not covered by existing systems.
Effect of Preconception Care Intervention on Maternal Nutritional Status and Birth Outcome in a Low-Resource Setting: Proposal for a Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Swain Dharitri , Begum Jasmina , Parida Swayam Prangnan
Published: August 2021

Background

The provision of preconception care approaches such as maternal assessments and education on healthy lifestyle (including physical activity, nutrition, and dietary supplements such as folic acid), general and sexual health, avoidance of high-risk behavior, and immunizations has been shown to identify and reduce the risk of adverse birth outcomes through appropriate management and preventive measures.

Objective

The goal of the study is to determine the effect of an integrated preconception care intervention on delivery outcomes, which is a novel challenge for lowering unfavorable birth outcomes in India’s low-resource setting. The main objectives are to investigate the relationship of birth outcomes to both maternal and paternal preconception health and determine the effect of preconception care intervention on improvement of maternal nutritional status and reduction of the risk of adverse birth outcomes such as prematurity, low birth weight, and maternal and neonatal complications.

Methods

A nonrandomized controlled trial design will be used for comparing 2 groups: preconception care with a standard maternal health care (MHC) program and an integrated MHC program (without preconception care). Two rural field areas of Khordha district, Odisha, will be selected for conducting the study. The study will enroll 782 married women between the ages of 18 and 35 years with their spouses, with 391 women in each group. The couples will receive preconception care based on their health circumstances, and they will be followed up at 3-month intervals before pregnancy. Following pregnancy, they will be followed up for 8 prenatal monitoring and care visits as well as 6 weeks after delivery as part of the standard MCH program. The preconception care intervention package includes couples counseling, contraceptive education and distribution, sex education, lifestyle modification, and nutritional supplementation of iron and folic acid, along with multivitamins if needed.

Results

The proposal was approved by the institutional ethical committee for conducting the study in June 2020 (Ref No: T/EMF/Nursing/20/6). Participants were enrolled in phase 1 in April 2021, phase 2 of offering preconception services will begin in August 2021, and study outcomes will be measured from 2023 to 2024.

Conclusions

Through preconception care and counseling, the eligible couples will recognize, embrace, and implement the actions to improve their preconception health. Finally, it is expected that maternal and paternal health will have a significant impact on enhancing maternal nutritional status and birth outcomes.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trials Registry–India CTRI/2021/04/032836; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=48239&EncHid=&userName=CTRI/2021/04/032836

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/28148
Team Dynamics in Hospital Workflows: An Exploratory Study of a Smartphone Task Manager
Authors: Hettiachchi Danula , Hayes Lachie , Goncalves Jorge , Kostakos Vassilis
Published: August 2021

Background

Although convenient and reliable modern messaging apps like WhatsApp enable efficient communication among hospital staff, hospitals are now pivoting toward purpose-built structured communication apps for various reasons, including security and privacy concerns. However, there is limited understanding of how we can examine and improve hospital workflows using the data collected through such apps as an alternative to costly and challenging research methods like ethnography and patient record analysis.

Objective

We seek to identify whether the structure of the collected communication data provides insights into hospitals’ workflows. Our analysis also aims to identify ways in which task management platforms can be improved and designed to better support clinical workflows.

Methods

We present an exploratory analysis of clinical task records collected over 22 months through a smartphone app that enables structured communication between staff to manage and execute clinical workflows. We collected over 300,000 task records between July 2018 and May 2020 completed by staff members including doctors, nurses, and pharmacists across all wards in an Australian hospital.

Results

We show that important insights into how teams function in a clinical setting can be readily drawn from task assignment data. Our analysis indicates that predefined labels such as urgency and task type are important and impact how tasks are accepted and completed. Our results show that both task sent-to-accepted (P<.001) and sent-to-completed (P<.001) times are significantly higher for routine tasks when compared to urgent tasks. We also show how task acceptance varies across teams and roles and that internal tasks are more efficiently managed than external tasks, possibly due to increased trust among team members. For example, task sent-to-accepted time (minutes) is significantly higher (P<.001) for external assignments (mean 22.10, SD 91.45) when compared to internal assignments (mean 19.03, SD 82.66).

Conclusions

Smartphone-based task assignment apps can provide unique insights into team dynamics in clinical settings. These insights can be used to further improve how well these systems support clinical work and staff.