bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY OF DECORATIVE PROPERTIES OF COLOR SLAG-ALKALI CONCRETE AND MORTAR
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Gots V.I. , Gelevera A.G. ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Rogozina N.V. ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Smeshko V.V. ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
Published: July 2022

The demand for decorative cements and the requirements for their characteristics are constantly growing. Particularly high demands are made on properties such as color stability under various operating conditions and resistance to efflorescence. In this work, studies of the stability of the properties of colored slag-alkaline concretes and plaster mortars were carried out in order to effectively control their decorative effect. Research is aimed at developing methods for controlling the decorative properties of materials based on these cements, which would be guaranteed to exclude the possibility of efflorescence and discoloration, regardless of their operating conditions. A set of methods was used to determine the tendency of slag-alkaline decorative concretes and plaster mortars to efflorescence and color fastness when exposed to ultraviolet radiation and steaming. The possibility of obtaining fast-hardening decorative slag-alkali cements of the 42.5R class and materials based on them using TiO2, kaolin and CaCO3 in the optimal amount as bleaching additives has been demonstrated. Mineral pigments of different colors and waste from alumina production ‒ red mud ‒ were used for coloring. It is shown that all decorative fine-grained slag-alkali concretes, regardless of the type of bleaching additive and pigment, do not have efflorescence. It is proved that during hardening and operation in indoor and outdoor conditions of atmospheric influences in the autumn-winter-spring period for 6 months, slag-alkaline decorative plaster coatings also had a fairly high resistance to the formation of efflorescence, and the addition of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the amount of 0.5% completely eliminates the risk of efflorescence, regardless of the hardening conditions of the plaster coating and operating conditions. Unlike plasters based on clinker decorative cements, which have an uneven shiny glossy surface after curing (which is highly undesirable), slag-alkali plaster coatings have a smooth, uniform matte surface. According to the research results, the color fastness of decorative slag-alkali cements to ultraviolet radiation and steaming is also high, their color after testing has not changed.
MOBILE SYSTEMS URBAN GREENING, AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ODESSA)
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kyselov V.M. , Kyselovа G.V. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: July 2022

The article examines mobile systems urban greening as a factor of sustainable development, because in modern cities urbanized structures absorb landscaping. Cities are growing and developing very fast, and green areas are becoming less and less. In response to high-rise compacted buildings, the search for other forms of returning natural complexes to the city structure is required. The growth of urban population and the density of urban development attaches special importance to the problem of creating zones of ecological comfort. The development of the city leads to a reduction in clean air, water, green space and silence, which is so lacking in modern man with his fast pace of life in cities. Nowadays, the problem of landscaping of urban areas can be solved without demolition of buildings, by creating environmentally friendly areas with the help of mobile landscaping systems. Mobile systems urban greening is city landscaping that is implemented through structural elements that can be implemented, moved, and if necessary, removed from the city fabric. The article analyzes the world experience of creating a vertical park with the help of mobile greening systems. The vertical park was developed in New York by the architectural firm «EFGH Architectural Design Studio». The park is developed in a small area and its effective use is created by upward development, instead of planar. This design not only allows you to plant greenery in highly urbanized areas of the city and improve the environment, but it can also attract tourists. The article emphasizes that the sustainable development of the city of Odessa requires a single landscape and ecological framework, which would be connected into a single system of urban green spaces. With the growth of the city of Odessa, increasing the number of stories, building density, construction of public services, especially in the central part of the city, the question of maintaining the continuity and uniformity of green spaces in the city. To create such an environmentally sustainable green framework of the city, it is advisable to use mobile systems urban greening.
COMPARISON OF FIBER CONCRETE PROPERTIES FOR INDUSTRIAL FLOORS AND ROAD PAVEMENTS WITH STEEL AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBER
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kroviakov S.O. , Hedulian D.Iu. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kryzhanovskyi V.O. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zavoloka M.V. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yelkin A.V. ,   KP «BUDOVA»
Published: July 2022

The article presents a comparative analysis of the type of dispersed reinforcement effect with steel fiber produced by «Stalkanat-Silur» (50 mm length, ⌀1 mm) and polypropylene fiber «Baumesh» produced by BAUTECH-Ukraine LLC (36 mm length, ⌀0.68 mm) on physical and mechanical properties and failure mode of fiber-reinforced concrete samples for cement concrete pavements and industrial floors. The indicators of strength and durability as one of the most important concrete properties for pavement structures, that are constantly operate under the influence of high dynamic loads were determined. The possibility of using the studied compositions of concrete with structural fiber of different types is analyzed. All concrete mixtures had equal workability S4. For fiber-reinforced concrete mix preparation, Portland cement ПЦ II/А-Ш-500 (CEM II/A-S 42.5 R), crushed stone 5-20 mm and sand with a fineness modulus of 2.75 were used. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer MC-PowerFlow 3200 was used to achieve the required workability of fiber concrete mixtures. It has been established that the use of dispersed reinforcement increases the concrete compressive strength by 13-16%, flexural strength increases by 30-31%, and the abrasion resistance decreases by 31-39%. The use of dispersed reinforcement with «Baumesh» polypropylene fiber in an amount of up to 3 kg/m3 makes it possible to increase the compressive and flexural concrete strength and also to reduce its abrasion resistance on the same scale as the use of dispersed reinforcement with steel anchor fiber «Stalkanat-Silur» up to 25 kg/m3. In this case, from an economic point of view, the use of polypropylene fiber is more appropriate. The optimal content of dispersed reinforcement to increase the strength and abrasion resistance in the fiber-reinforced concrete composition was determined. The fiber-reinforced concrete compositions with steel and polypropylene fibers of compressive strength grade C25/30, and flexural strength grade Btb 3.6, with an increased abrasion resistance were obtained.
The Centrality of Difference in Coalition-Building across Divides
Authors: Gawerc Michelle I.
Published: July 2022

Collective identities, as literature suggests, are constructed via an emphasis on sameness within a group and in the downplaying of internal difference. This study, however, found that collective agency, and resultingly, collective identity, was fueled just as much by a careful negotiation of difference as it was a group's core similarities. Based on interviews with Palestinian, Israeli, and international activists involved in two Palestinian-led coalitions in Israel/Palestine, the study shows how uneven privileges and other differences, could be leveraged for the benefit of the coalitions, particularly through assessing what each ethno-national group brought to the collective. When members enacted their closely negotiated and distinct roles, the coalition's sense of “we” was further solidified. Indeed, as this article illustrates, difference as well as unequal privileges, can be perceived as a defining feature of a strategically constructed collective identity and the reason for a partnership, not simply a problem to be managed.
Legacies of Contention
Authors: Abdel-Samad Mounah , Boyle Michael , Flanigan Shawn , Garland Christian , Jefferson Tony , Jeffery Bob , Maidhof Callie , Sotiropoulos George
Published: July 2022

Ten years ago, a seemingly titanic wave of contention swept the globe. This article reflects on how the impact of a wave of contentious political action that is now a full decade old manifests today. These “legacies of contention”—the historically contingent impact of contentious episodes—can variably re-enforce, undermine, or depart substantially from the original focus of a given contentious episode, a sign of how difficult it can be to extrapolate from the causal impact of contentious politics in the near-run. Herein we discuss the fates of some of the 2011 contentious episodes, including Syria, Greece, Israel, England, and the United States.
ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ – ГЛОБАЛЬНІ ВИМІРИ РОЗВИТКУ ЛЮДСТВА
Authors: Sribna Y. V. , Stupnytskyi V. V. , Stupnytska N. I.
Published: July 2022

Охарактеризовані цифрові тенденції розвитку національних економік з позиції діалектичного розвитку суспільства. При цьому визначено, що цифровізація започатковувалась виключно як інструмент поліпшення бізнесу – процесів з метою оптимізації та автоматизації, що дозволяє формувати додатковий прибуток. Доведено, що в практичній реалізації глобальної цифровізації домінує три державні підходи. Перший – зміна соціального середовища через адаптацію населення до комфортності отримання цифрових послуг (західні розвинені національні економіки). Другий – тоталітарний, де зміни впроваджуються з метою повного контролю фінансових потоків і максимальне їх виявлення з неконтрольованих адміністративним інститутом держави фінансових потоків. В цих двох  підходах такі зміни активізуються банківськофінансовою елітою світу. Окремим процесом цифрової глобалізації розглянуто формування Метавсесвіту. Відзначено, що цей проєкт є перспективою  розвитку новітньої технологій майбутнього цифрового світу. Наробки цього процесу відбуваються швидкими темпами та лідером став Китай, який володіє практично половиною патентів у цій сфері. Відзначено і те, щокомуністична влада країни процес цифровізації зуміла повністю підкорити розвитку державного капіталізму через систему соціального-цифрового кредиту всім громадянам, метавсесвіт стає інструментом  тотального контролю жителів піднебесної.Результати дослідження можуть бути використані для математичної розробки моделювання процесів соціально-економічних пріоритетів розвитку національних економік та їх регіонально-континентальних групувань, що дозволить концентрувати фінансові ресурси на найбільш пріоритетних напрямках розвитку країни та людства в цілому.
РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ПРАКТИЧНИХ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЙ ДЛЯ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ БІОСФЕРНОГО РЕЗЕРВАТА ШОРФХАЙДЕ-ХОРІН
Authors: Shvediuk Iu. V.
Published: July 2022

Визначено найбільш важливі та актуальні підходи до управління біосферним резерватом Шорфхайде-Хорін (Німеччина). Розроблено алгоритм A’WOT-аналізу (SWOT-аналіз + метод аналізу ієрархій (МАІ) багатокритеріальної оптимізації стратегій розвитку біосферного резервату. Проведено анкетування різних груп зацікавлених сторін (працівників адміністрації біосферного резервату, науковців, місцевих жителів тощо) щодо вигод від міжнародного транскордонного співробітництва, можливих джерел фінансування природоохоронних заходів і важливості збереження довкілля для майбутніх поколінь.Створено чотирьохрівневу ієрархічну модель вибору найкращої стратегії для біосферного резервату на засадах сталого розвитку. Запропоновано такі стратегії розвитку як охорона природи, стале використання ресурсів, адаптація до зміни клімату, туризм, освіта та зв'язки з громадськістю, а також максимізація фінансових доходів внаслідок інтенсивного використання ресурсів. Розроблено практичні рекомендації для удосконалення управління природоохоронною територією. На думку експертів, оптимальною є стратегія поглиблення знань в галузі природокористування та розширення взаємозв’язків з громадськістю, яка поєднує наукові знання та реалізацію практичних заходів з метою зменшення втрат біорізноманіття та збереження культурних цінностей,покращення соціальних та економічних умов для підтримання екологічноїстійкості, проведення досліджень, моніторинг та навчання. Крім того, визначено обмеження та конфлікти щодо використання природних ресурсів та взаємозв’язків між екологічною та соціально-економічною системами. В умовах посилення обмежень під час оцінювання стратегії біосферного резервату необхідно враховувати синергію економічних, екологічних та соціальних ефектів. Комплексна оцінка пріоритетів стратегії запобігатиме прийняттю неоптимальних рішень і сприятиме підвищенню суспільного добробуту.
Kategoria „wartości chrześcijańskich” w polskim orzecznictwie
Authors: Maroń Grzegorz
Published: July 2022

Przedmiotem artykułu jest problematyka bezpośrednich odniesień do wartości chrześcijańskich w uzasadnieniach judykatów polskich sądów. Za cel opracowania postawiono zrekonstruowanie sposobu posługi­wania się niniejszą kategorią wartości w sądowej argumentacji. Tak określone zamierzenie badawcze zrealizowano poprzez kwalitatywne studium tekstów wyroków i postanowień rodzimych sądów zgromadzonych w bazie Systemu Informacji Prawnej LEX. Analiza orzecznictwa pozwoliła na sformułowanie kilku głównych wniosków. Po pierwsze, krytycznie odniesiono się do redukowania przez Trybunał Konstytucyjny wartości chrześcijańskich do uniwer­salnych zasad etycznych. Po drugie, wyrażono przekonanie, że realizacja celów eksplanacyjnych i perswazyjnych uzasadnienia orzeczenia wymaga konkretyzacji wartości chrześcijańskich przez sądy. Po trzecie, stwierdzona niechęć polskich sądów przed szerszym wyraźnym powoływaniem się na wartości chrześcijańskie w wyrokach i postanowieniach stoi w sprzeczności ze stanem rzeczy, w którym wartości te wciąż w istotnym stopniu naznaczają aksjologię polskiego porządku prawnego, pomimo zachodzących procesów laicyzacyjnych.
РОЗВИТОК АРХІТЕКТУР, ТЕОРЕМ ТА МОДЕЛЕЙ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ РОЗПОДІЛЕНИХ СИСТЕМ ЗБЕРІГАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Тарасюк Ольга , Горбенко Анатолій , Карпенко Андрій
Published: July 2022

Бази даних пройшли певний шлях еволюції від архітектури мейнфреймів до глобально-розподілених нереляційних сховищ, що призначені для збереження величезних обсягів інформації та обслуговування мільйонів користувачів. У статті зазначено драйвери та передумови цього розвитку, а також розглянуто трансформацію моделей властивостей систем керування базами даних та теорем, що формалізують відносини між ними. Зокрема, розглянуто обумовленість переходу від моделі властивостей ACID до моделі BASE, яка пом’якшує вимоги до узгодженості даних, що є необхідним для забезпечення високої продуктивності розподілених баз даних з багатьма репліками. Крім того, надано стисле обґрунтування теорем САР та PACELC, які встановлюють взаємовиключні відносини між доступністю, узгодженістю та швидкодією у реплікованих інформаційних системах та проаналізованоо їх обмеження. Зазначено проблеми сумісності моделей узгодженості, що використовуються різними нереляційними сховищами даних, та, в якості прикладу, детально розглянуто можливі налаштування узгодженості NoSQL баз даних Cassandra, MongoDB та Azure CosmosDB. Результати еволюції архітектур розподілених баз даних узагальнено за допомогою нотації GSN (Goal Structuring Notation). Також окреслено подальші напрямки наукових досліджень та шляхи подальшого розвитку глобально-розподілених інформаційних систем та сховищ даних.
МОДЕЛЬ СТЕГАНОСИСТЕМИ НА ОСНОВІ ПРОСТОРОВИХ ТА ФОРМАТНИХ ПРИНЦИПІВ ПРИХОВУВАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Джулій Володимир , Капустян Марія , Кльоц Юрій , Орленко Вікторія , Чешун Віктор
Published: July 2022

Розглянуто актуальне завдання вибору математичної моделі стеганографічної системи для приховування інформації в рамках інфраструктури мережевого спілкування інтернет-учасників в медіа-просторі. Запропонована модель орієнтована на розробку і оцінку ефективності стеганоалгоритмів для приховування інформації великого об'єму в цифрових зображеннях та реалізації функції роботи з форматами JPEG і BMP. Передбачено, що робочі алгоритми стеганографічної системи аналізують і змінюють структуру сегментів файлів.
КОНФЛІКТИ В УПРАВЛІННІ ПРОЄКТАМИ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКИХ СТРУКТУР
Authors: Гарафонова Ольга , Козловський Дмитро , Шаров Володимир
Published: July 2022

За результатами проведеного аналізу зроблено висновок, що у більшості випадків успішна реалізація будь-якого проекту та задоволення потреб його стейкхолдерів залежить від спроможності уникати або запобігати впливу конфліктів. Доведена доцільність впровадження в методичне забезпечення управління проектами підприємницької структури компоненти керування конфліктами, яка складається з: планування управління конфліктами підприємницького проєкту, ідентифікації конфліктів, аналізу конфліктів, планування реагування на конфлікти, здійснення реагування на конфлікти та моніторингу конфліктів. Остаточний перелік залежатиме від типу підприємницької структури, напряму діяльності та масштабу проєкту. Конфлікти всередині підприємницького проєкту часто можуть виникати на двох рівнях: індивідуальному та загальноуправлінському. Зроблено висновок про те, що процес управління конфліктами проекту має бути перманентним. Досліджено природу виникнення конфліктів в сфері управління проектами підприємницьких структур.

З'ясовано, що формування якісного механізму управління проектами підприємницьких структур має базуватися на якісному моніторингу конфліктних ситуацій у зовнішньому та внутрішньому середовищі. Ускладнюється для керівника ситуація при реалізації проектів в рамках глобальної або багатонаціональної стратегії. У зв’язку з цим науковий інтерес представляють питання імплементації основних положень українського законодавства щодо цих питань в європейський правовий простір, а також корпоративну культура самої підприємницької структури.
LOCAL TRADITIONS AND STRENGTHENING OF MULTICULTURAL VALUES IN DEVELOPING SOCIO-RELIGIOUS OF DELIMA SOCIETY
Authors: Susanti Emilia , Pernantah Piki Setri , Syafiq Amirul , Ozay Mehmed
Published: July 2022

This research discusses local traditions that affect the solidarity and harmony of Delima communities, Tampan Subdistrict, Pekanbaru City. Delima society that is diverse both from ethnicity and religion is able to prioritize multicultural values through local traditions that are owned so as to develop socio-religious society. This research uses a qualitative research approach. The subject and location of this study is the community located in the Delima society of Pekanbaru. Informants in this study are determined according to qualitative research characteristics, namely by snowball sampling techniques. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of direct observation to the field, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies (literature). The results of this study explain several things, namely; 1) Forms of local traditions that developed in pomegranate communities, such as: Rewangan, Layatan and Gotong Royong; 2) Local traditions that promote multicultural values that can develop solidarity between different tribes and religions, unity and socio-religious people so that they can function in preventing social conflicts that occur between different tribes of religion.
THE BARRENNESS OF MODERN HUMAN SPIRITUALITY IN THE SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR'S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Selamat Kasmuri , Saputra Ananda Rezki , Fadri Zainal , Hajazi Zaidi
Published: July 2022

Modern humans are human beings who are slaves to material things, are materialistic, hedonistic and want to overpower all aspects of life. Modern humans are also humans who deny the voice of conscience and the call of human nature. As a result, they suffer from multidimensional diseases such as excessive anxiety, life feels meaningless, suffers from isolation from themselves, from their social environment and from their God. To save such a situation, an Islamic intellectual figure, Seyyed Hosein Nasr, offers the concept of a perfect human being Islamically by returning to the nature that has been bestowed by Allah, namely integrating the three elements that have been possessed, body, mind and soul.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN BIOMASSA NILAM AKIBAT PERBEDAAN TINGKAT NAUNGAN DAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH ALAMI
Authors: Djayanti Kamelia Dwi , Tanari Yulinda
Published: July 2022

Pertumbuhan setek tanaman nilam dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, diantaranya adalah kesesuaian lingkungan tumbuh dan kecukupan terhadap hara tanaman. Oleh sebab itu untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan setek nilam dibutuhkan kondisi lingkungan yang sesuai serta zat pengatur tumbuh yang dapat memicu pertumbuhannya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Kawua Kecamatan Poso Kota Selatan Kabupaten Poso pada bulan Juni hingga November 2021, menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah. dengan pemberian naungan sebagai petak utama dan ZPT alami sebagai anak petak.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setek nilam dengan tingkat naungan 55% nyata lebih baik dalam meningkatkan jumlah dan panjang tunas, tinggi tanaman serta biomassa tanaman.  Jenis ZPT alami kelapa hijau berpengaruh terhadap jumlah dan panjang tunas, dan  jumlah daun nilam. Tidak ada interaksi antara pemberian naungan dengan ZPT alami pada pertumbuhan tanaman nilam.
PENGARUH TEMPAT TUMBUH DAN KONSENTRASI SUKROSA TERHADAP JUMLAH BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DAN TOTAL ASAM KEFIR AIR KELAPA
Authors: Yuanita Indriasari  , Berlian Miming , Hujana Nurmiftah
Published: July 2022

Kefir air kelapa dibuat dengan teknik fermentasi menggunakan bakteri Lactobacillus, dimana sangat membutuhkan gula dalam media tumbuhnya. Kandungan gula dalam air kelapa sangat bergantung pada tempat tumbuhnya dan konsentrasi gula yang ditambahkan selama proses pengolahan kefir, sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian tentang analisis mutu kimiawi (total asam) dan mikrobiologi (jumlah bakteri asam laktat) minuman kefir dari air kelapa muda jika ditinjau dari habitat/tempat tumbuhnya tanaman kelapa dan konsentrasi sukrosa dari media tumbuh  saat fermentasi, untuk mendapatkan produk minuman kefir air kelapa terbaik. Desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Pola Faktorial dengan 2 faktor yaitu tempat tumbuh (pantai dan gunung) dan konsentrasi sukrosa (5%, 10%, 15%). Selanjutnya data akan diuji sidik ragamnya dan dilanjutkan dengan DMRT 1% jika terdapat perbedaan respon antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap parameter uji (Fhit > Ftab), dimana perlakuan K1S1 (kelapa gunung dengan konsentrasi sukrosa 5%) memberikan respon terbaik terhadap setiap parameter yang diuji, yaitu total bakteri asam laktat sebesar 5,80 x 107 cfu/ml dan total asam sebesar 1,6%. Hasil ini telah sesuai dengan standar mutu minuman probiotik menurut SNI 7552 : 2009 yaitu jumlah BAL lebih dari 106 Log  cfu/ml dan Total asam 0,2 – 0,9%.
PROFIL ASAM LEMAK, RASIO ASAM LEMAK JENUH : ASAM LEMAK TIDAK JENUH RANTAI TUNGGAL : ASAM LEMAK TIDAK JENUH RANTAI JAMAK PADA NUGGET AYAM YANG DIFORMULASI DENGAN MINYAK KEDELAI
Authors: Gobel Minarny , Halid Sukisman A , Sugiarto  , Rugayah Nova , Hasanuddin Asriani , Fachry L.
Published: July 2022

Pengembangan produk pangan dewasa ini diupayakan rendah lemak dan kolesterol, serta memiliki proporsi lemak jenuh dan lemak tidak jenuh seimbang. Dilakukan penelitian pada olahan nugget ayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil asam lemak, rasio SFA:MUFA:PUFA, omega 3, 6, 9 nugget ayam yang diformulasi dengan minyak kedelai. Prosedur penelitian pembuatan nugget ayam modifikasi menurut Amertaningtyas dkk, (2001) dengan substitusi minyak kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subtitusi lemak ayam dengan minyak kedelai sampai 7,5% dapat  meningkatkan asam lemak tidak jenuh PUFA dari (PUFA dan MUFA) dan menurunkan kandungan asam lemak jenuh (SFA) . Subtitusi lemak ayam dengan minyak kedelai sampai 7,5%, menunjukan rasio PUFA:MUFA:SFA (36.42% : 41.81% : 21.66 %) yang terbaik karena mendekati yang disarankan oleh FAO.
The semantics of extensive quantities within geographic information
Authors: Top Eric , Scheider Simon , Xu Haiqi , Nyamsuren Enkhbold , Steenbergen Niels
Published: July 2022

The next generation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is anticipated to automate some of the reasoning required for spatial analysis. An important step in the development of such systems is to gain a better understanding and corresponding modeling practice of when to apply arithmetic operations to quantities. The concept of extensivity plays an essential role in determining when quantities can be aggregated by summing them, and when this is not possible. This is of particular importance to geographic information systems, which serve to quantify phenomena across space and time. However, currently, multiple contrasting definitions of extensivity exist, and none of these suffice for handling the different practical cases occurring in geographic information. As a result, analysts predominantly rely on intuition and ad hoc reasoning to determine whether two quantities are additive. In this paper, we present a novel approach to formalizing the concept of extensivity. Though our notion as such is not restricted to quantifications occurring within geographic information, it is particularly useful for this purpose. Following the idea of spatio-temporal controls by Sinton, we define extensivity as a property of measurements of quantities with respect to a controlling quantity, such that a sum of the latter implies a sum of the former. In our algebraic definition of amounts and other quantities, we do away with some of the constraints that limit the usability of older approaches. By treating extensivity as a relation between amounts and other types of quantities, our definition offers the flexibility to relate a quantity to many domains of interest. We show how this new notion of extensivity can be used to classify the kinds of amounts in various examples of geographic information.
Polygenic Risk Scores in Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics: Methodology, Applications, Inclusion, and Diversity
Authors: Clark Kaylyn , Leung Yuk Yee , Lee Wan-Ping , Voight Benjamin , Wang Li-San
Published: July 2022

The success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) completed in the last 15 years has reinforced a key fact: polygenic architecture makes a substantial contribution to variation of susceptibility to complex disease, including Alzheimer’s disease. One straight-forward way to capture this architecture and predict which individuals in a population are most at risk is to calculate a polygenic risk score (PRS). This score aggregates the risk conferred across multiple genetic variants, ultimately representing an individual’s predicted genetic susceptibility for a disease. PRS have received increasing attention after having been successfully used in complex traits. This has brought with it renewed attention on new methods which improve the accuracy of risk prediction. While these applications are initially informative, their utility is far from equitable: the majority of PRS models use samples heavily if not entirely of individuals of European descent. This basic approach opens concerns of health equity if applied inaccurately to other population groups, or health disparity if we fail to use them at all. In this review we will examine the methods of calculating PRS and some of their previous uses in disease prediction. We also advocate for, with supporting scientific evidence, inclusion of data from diverse populations in these existing and future studies of population risk via PRS.
Olfactory Bulb Integrity in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Carnemolla Sarah E. , Kumfor Fiona , Liang Cheng Tao , Foxe David , Ahmed Rebekah M. , Piguet Olivier
Published: July 2022

Background:

Olfactory dysfunction is highly prevalent in dementia syndromes, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The structural integrity of the olfactory bulb (OB) is thought to play a critical role in odor detection and identification, but no MRI study has measured OB volume in FTD, or measured OB volume longitudinally in AD.

Objective:

To measure OB volume in FTD and AD patients longitudinally using MRI.

Methods:

This study measured OB volumes using MRI in patients diagnosed with behavioral-variant FTD ( n = 55), semantic dementia ( n = 34), progressive non-fluent aphasia ( n = 30), AD ( n = 50), and healthy age-matched controls ( n = 55) at their first visit to a dementia research clinic (‘baseline’). Imaging data in patients 12-months later were analyzed where available ( n = 84) for longitudinal assessment. Volumes of subcortical and cortical olfactory regions (‘olfactory network’) were obtained via surface-based morphometry.

Results:

Results revealed that in AD and FTD at baseline, OB volumes were similar to controls, whereas volumes of olfactory network regions were significantly reduced in all patient groups except in progressive non-fluent aphasia. Longitudinal data revealed that OB volume became significantly reduced (10–25% volume reduction) in all dementia groups with disease progression.

Conclusion:

Olfactory dysfunction is common in patients diagnosed with AD or FTD, but our results indicate that there is no detectable volume loss to the OBs upon first presentation to the clinic. Our findings indicate that the OBs become detectably atrophied later in the disease process. OB atrophy indicates the potential usefulness for OBs to be targeted in interventions to improve olfactory function.
Optimal design of hybrid consequent-pole permanent magnet motor to reduce torque ripple
Authors: Guo Liyan , Xiao Sen , Wu Shuang , Wang Huimin
Published: July 2022

Compared with the surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) motors, the consequent-pole permanent magnet (CPM) motors can obtain the approximate output torque on the basis of saving 30% PM material. However, due to the special arrangement of the CPM motor, its torque ripple is large, which will affect the smooth operation of this kind of motor. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid consequent-pole permanent magnet (HCPM) motor with an auxiliary PM on one side of the iron pole, which can reduce the torque ripple and ensure smooth operation effectively. In order to make the performances of proposed motor better, the Taguchi method is used to optimize the proposed HCPM motor. Furthermore, the influence rule and the relative importance of each optimization variable on the optimization goal are obtained by the average value analysis and the variance analysis, respectively. According to the above analysis results, the optimized hybrid consequent-pole permanent magnet (OHCPM) motor is obtained. Finally, the performances of SPM motor, CPM motor, and OHCPM motor are compared to verify the validity of the proposed structure.
Newborn Screening for SMA – Can a Wait-and-See Strategy be Responsibly Justified in Patients With Four SMN2 Copies?
Authors: Blaschek Astrid , Kölbel Heike , Schwartz Oliver , Köhler Cornelia , Gläser Dieter , Eggermann Katja , Hannibal Iris , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Vill Katharina
Published: July 2022

Background:

Early treatment after genetic newborn screening (NBS) for SMA significantly improves outcomes in infantile SMA. However, there is no consensus in the SMA treatment community about early treatment initiation in patients with four copies of SMN2.

Objective:

Approach to a responsible treatment strategy for SMA patients with four SMN2 copies detected in newborn screening.

Methods:

Inclusion criteria were a history of SMA diagnosed by NBS, age > 12 months at last examination, and diagnosis of four SMN2 copies at confirmatory diagnosis.

Results:

21 patients with SMA and four SMN2 copies were identified in German screening projects over a three-year period. In three of them, the SMN2 copy number had to be corrected later, and three patients were lost to follow-up. Eight of the fifteen patients who were subject to long-term follow-up underwent presymptomatic therapy between 3 and 36 months of age and had no definite disease symptoms to date. Five of the other seven patients who underwent a strict follow-up strategy, showed clinical or electrophysiological disease onset between 1.5 and 4 years of age. In two of them, complete recovery was not achieved despite immediate initiation of treatment after the onset of the first symptoms.

Conclusion:

A remarkable proportion of patients with four copies of SMN2 develop irreversible symptoms within the first four years of life, if a wait-and-see strategy is followed. These data argue for a proactive approach, i.e., early initiation of treatment in this subgroup of SMA patients.
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with respiratory training on dysphagia in post-stroke patients
Authors: Li Hao , Zhao Long , Yuan Xiaokai , Zhang Qingjuan , Pang Yatao , Li Hongling
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has a considerable advantage in the rehabilitation treatment of dysphagia. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of tDCS combined with respiratory training on dysphagia in post-stroke patients. METHODS: From December 2017 to January 2019, 64 post-stroke patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into control and treatment groups (n= 32). Patients in the two groups received routine swallowing rehabilitation training and respiratory training. On this basis, the patients in the treatment group received tDCS. The anode was placed in the movement area of the pharyngeal cortex on the unaffected side of the patients’ bodies, and the cathode was placed in the upper orbital orbit on the opposite side. The current intensity was 1.5 mA, 20 min/time, 1 time/d, and 6 d/w. Before and after the treatment, the water swallow text, functional oral intake scale (FOIS), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were assessed, and the correlation among them was evaluated. RESULTS: There were no differences in all indexes before and after treatment. After treatment, water swallow text, FOIS, FVC and PEF were all better than before treatment, and the clinical efficacy in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group. FVC and PEF were positively correlated with water swallow text and FOIS. CONCLUSION: tDCS combined with respiratory training may have a significant therapeutic effect on dysphagia in post-stroke patients.
Emigration and Tax Revenue
Authors: Gu Yuanyuan , Ayala-García Jhorland
Published: July 2022

According to the World Migration Report 2020, the number of international migrants increased from 84 million in 1970 to 272 million in 2019, accounting for 3.5% of the world’s population. This paper investigates the aggregated effect of emigration on the tax revenue of sending countries with a focus on developing nations. Using a gravity approach, we construct a time-varying exogenous instrument out of geographic time-invariant dyadic characteristics that allow us to estimate the predicted emigration rate for every country. Then, we follow an instrumental variable approach where we use our predicted emigration rate as an instrument of the observed migration rate. The results show that the predicted emigration rate is a good instrument of the current emigration rate for developing countries, and that there is a positive aggregated effect of emigration on tax revenue of sending countries. The results vary depending on the type of tax: emigration increases goods and services tax revenue, but it decreases income, profit, and capital gains tax revenue.
The Relationship between Elderly Happiness and Self-Efficacy in the Elderly with Chronic Disease Residing in a Nursing Home, Tabriz, 2020
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran., Moghadami Ali Zarepour , Norouzadeh Reza ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: One of the factors affecting healthy behaviors in the elderly is self-efficacy and happiness will lead to success and health; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between elderly happiness and self-efficacy in the elderly with chronic diseases. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 132 elderly people aged 60 years and older living in a nursing home in Tabriz, IRAN (2010) that the sampling method was accessible and easy. Data were collected using Demographic Information Questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale and analyzed by SPSS v. 18 software Results: There was a significant relationship between happiness and marriage in the elderly (P=0.02) and between the self-efficacy score of the elderly with gender (P=0.02) and job (P=0.03) in order to have enough money to meet their needs (P‌=‌0.008). According to regression analysis, there was a statistical relationship between self-efficacy of the elderly with education and marriage (P=0.04). According to the positive correlation coefficient, with increasing Happiness, self-efficacy of the elderly also increases. Conclusion: Increasing the happiness of the elderly will improve their performance in better management of treatment through appropriate self-efficacy.
Persistent Symptoms in Recovered Patient From Covid-19 and the Importance of Post-acute Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Mashhadi Mohammad , Sahebozamani Mansour ,   Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Daneshjoo Abdolhamid ,   Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Adeli Seyyed Hasan ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Qom, Qom, Iran., Venarji Nahid ,   Department of Sports Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) Acute Respiratory Syndrome has spread around the world. Various persistent complications and symptoms, including various physical and mental disorders, have been observed in recovered and discharged patients. The purpose of this review article was to study the persistent symptoms in patients recovering from Covid-19 and the importance of rehabilitation in the post-acute phase. Methods: In this review study, related articles from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, SID, Inlm, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer from 2019 to August 2021, were reviewed. The following keywords were also used in the article search process: Covid-19 (and similar) recovered, survivors, discharged, Persistent symptoms, consequences and post-acute. Results: A search of articles in databases identified 10,227 articles. After removing duplicate articles, articles in non-Persian and English languages, non-research articles and non- related articles, 61 articles were obtained that examined the persistent symptoms of recovered and discharged patients. The most persistent symptoms included dyspnea, fatigue and acquired weakness, psychological problems, and decreased quality of life. Conclusion: The results showed that due to the persistent symptoms and clinical condition of Covid-19 disease, motor and pulmonary rehabilitation is necessary for the recovering. These programs should be continued in specialized departments or through home rehabilitation with the aim of regaining motor skills and improving mental health.
Assessing the Physical Health of 5-7 Year Old Students to Qom City in 2016
Authors:   Department of Public Health, Qom Islamic Azad University, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran., Sharifirad Gholamreza , Rahiminia Elaheh ,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Virtual Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rahiminia Hoorieh ,   Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Kheirollahi Fatemeh ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Sarraf Parisa ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Rezapooran Sara ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Ramezanypoor Elham ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: The most of physical and mental changes occur in childhood, so paying attention to prevention from illnesses among children is from the primary priorities. so that attention to the health status of these people is of particular importance, so we decided to determine the present study Implement the physical health of students in Qom City. Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was performed in 2016 on 400 students aged 5-7 years who were selected by simple random sampling from 13 schools in Qom City. Data collection tools were “Student Preliminary and Medical Assessment Form” which included weight, height, Body mass index (BMI), hearing and vision impairment and oral problems. Statistical data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the study of physical growth (height and weight), the average height and weight of girls and boys was lower than the average growth standard. On visual and auditory examination of all students, 1.6% had visual impairment in one or both eyes, 0.8% had impaired vision in one or both ears and 86.3% had tooth decay, in terms of pediculosis only 6.3% had pedicures and only 12% had poor nutritional status. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, in general the state of physical health of students was unfavorable, so in addition to self-care programs, oral hygiene heeding, assessment of visual and auditory health, proper nutrition and exercise is also recommended.
Pengaruh Experiental Marketing Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Kebumen Barbershop
Authors: Wardoyo Eko
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pelanggan Kebumen barbershop dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh experiental marketing Sense, Feel, Act, Relate, Think  baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden dengan teknik pengambilan metode non probability sampling Metode penelitian bersifat analisis kuantitatif, data diperoleh berdasarkan jawaban kuesioner. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian variabel yang diteliti, menunjukkan ternyata ada 4 variabel dari dimensi experiential marketing yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan yakni sense, feel, act dan relate. Sedangkan variabel think menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh siginifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Sedangkan uji simultan diperoleh variabel sense, feel, think, act dan relate secara bersama sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan.
Awareness-Raising Program of Anemia Using Comics and Social Media for Teenage Girls
Authors: Sihotang Urbanus
Published: July 2022

Nutritional problems that teenagers often experience are malnutrition, overweight, obesity and anemia. Risk of anemia in teenage girls is higher than in boys because of the increased demand of iron during the menstruation period. However this also becomes problematic because girls often limit their food intake. Blood Boost Formula is often prescribed to prevent anemia in teenage girls. The purpose of this community dedication activity is to find out about the compliance with consuming Blood Boost Formula, anemia prevalence and knowledge improvement of the audience after the program. This community dedication activity used comics and social media such as WhatsApp group. The target of this activity is 47 teenage girls of SMK Budi Nasional Tebing Tinggi students. Measured parameters for evaluation are medication compliance with consuming Blood Boost Formula, the degrees of awareness in anemia using questionnaire and anemia prevalence through Hemoglobin test using digital test. The results are showing that 69% of the students are not complying with the medication. There are 34% anemia prevalences. The pretest score was 20 points at the lowest and 60 points at the highest. While the post-test score was 27 points at the lowest and 67 points at the highest. There is an increase of mean value between pretest and post-test by about 10 points.
Technical Guidance for Increasing Production of Cow Manure-Based Organic Fertilizer in Farmer's Groups in Konda District
Authors: Hafid Harapin , Midranesiah  , Ananda Siti Hadrayanti
Published: July 2022

This technical guidance activity aims to teach how to process organic fertilizer based on cow dung which is mostly produced by the community's livestock, so that it can  reduce the cost of inorganic fertilizer and be more profitable. This activity was carried out in farmer groups in Morome and Alebo Villages, Konda District, South Konawe Regency. The method of activity is carried out by: (1) lectures and discussions on materials and methods of processing organic fertilizers, (2) demonstrations and guidance on the  selection of materials and processing of cow dung-based organic fertilizers, (3) packaging and marketing methods for livestock manure-based organic fertilizers. cow. The counseling material presented received a positive and satisfactory response from the participants. In general the participants wanted to adopt the training materials and were very active in the technical guidance. It was concluded that the participants were very interested in applying the guidance materials taught and producing them commercially. The participants hoped that their village would often be given agricultural and livestock guidance and counseling activities.