bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of duration of the productive use on the element status of Holstein cows
Authors: Zavyalov O A , Kurilkina M Ya
Published: November 2019

The article presents data on the elemental status of highly productive Holstein cows in in terms of duration of productive use. The elemental status was studied on the composition of animal hair. Elemental analysis of samples was carried out by AES-ICP and MS-ICP. It has been established that the first lactation cows differed in minimal concentrations of As, Hg, Cd, Sr wool. With an increase in toxic elements with aging, an increase in zinc levels in the fourth lactation cows was recorded. A significant correlation was found between the sum of toxic elements (As, Hg, Sr, Cd) and concentrations of Cu (r = -0.57), Mn (r = 0.49), Se (r = 0.68) and Zn (r = -0.56) in wool. An assessment of the elemental status of cows in relation to the boundaries of the “physiological norm” revealed an increase in the number of deviations with an increase in the productive use ifrom 2 to 11.
Assessment of regional differences of chemical concentration in mane hair of the Thoroughbred
Authors: Kalashnikov V V , Zaitsev A M , Atroshchenko M M , Miroshnikov S A , Zavyalov O A , Frolov A N , Kurilkina M Ya , Kochish I I
Published: November 2019

The study is conducted on Thoroughbred stallions. The first stage covered the study of the elemental composition (20 elements) of stallion hair (n=148) raised in the southeast of Russia (Stavropol Territory, Krasnodar Krai, Volgograd and Rostov regions). On the basis of obtained results 10, 25, 75, 90 percentile intervals of concentration of the main essential and toxic elements in hair were established. At the second stage, the stallions raised on the farms of Stavropol Territory (n=29) and Krasnodar Krai (n=32), as well as Rostov (n=24) and Volgograd (n=28) regions were examined. Hair samples were selected from mane area in the first cervical vertebra projection. Proximal part of hair (15 mm long) was selected from the hair root for analysis. The elemental analysis of samples was made via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It is established that the hair of stallions raised in Stavropol Territory had the highest concentration of Al, As, Sn and Hg at a reliable difference (p≤0.05) with similar indicators for species from Krasnodar Krai. The typical feature of animals raised in Volgograd Region was the maximum concentration of Cd, Pb and Sr fixed against the background of the minimum Cr, I, Mn and Se values. All studied micro-populations were characterized by the excess of established norms of toxic metals. The most considerable deviations (2.5-6.9 times) of aluminum, mercury and tin were typical for animals raised in Stavropol Territory. The species from Krasnodar Krai had lower concentration of zinc. The assessment of the frequency of deviations of the element status from the norm showed that the zinc content in the hair of 48.3% of examined animals from Stavropol Territory and 50.0% of species from Rostov Region made more than 75%. A large number of species from Krasnodar Krai was characterized by the lack of iodine (46.9%) and selenium (34.4%) against the background of the minimum values of cadmium (50.0%) and mercury (100%).
The effect of the state of “loaded metabolism” assesses the level of lead in the productivity of dairy cows
Authors: Zavyalov O.A. , Kurilkina M.Y. , Topuria G.M.
Published: November 2019

Annotation. The study was performed on clinically healthy cows of Holstein breed during the period of milking in the CJSC "Gatchina" of the Leningrad region (Russia). Animals (n = 60) were divided into groups depending on the severity of "loaded metabolism" estimated by lead concentration in wool: up to the 25th centile, within the 25th to 75th centile, above the 75th centile. The concentration of lead in wool was determined by atomic emission and mass spectrometry (AES-ICP and MS-ICP). It was found that about the increase in lead content from the minimum to the maximum in centile intervals from 25-75 to> 75, the level of malondialdehyde (Total-MDA) in the blood increased, which was recorded against the background of a decrease in milk productivity. A significant negative correlation was observed between the concentration of lead in wool and the yield of milk fat, protein, dry matter, and corrected for 1% milk fat.
Experience of individual correction of elemental status of cows with reproductive disorder
Authors: Miroshnikov S A , Kharlamov A V , Frolov A N , Zavyalov O A
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the study was to apply the method of individual correction of elementosis to increase the reproductive qualities of white-faced cows. The deficit of iodine and selenium in wool (I <0.28 mg/kg, Se <0.58 mg/kg) and low reproductive abilities (more than 2 months without estrous period) served the selection criterion of animals. The animals were divided by analogs into 2 groups – control (n=15) and experimental (n=15). On the 1st and 10th day the experimental animals were subjected to intramuscular injection of commercial formulations (10 ml) containing in 1 ml: iodine – 5.5-7.5 mg, selenium in organic form - 0.07-0.09 mg (corresponds to 0.16-0.20 mg of sodium selenite. It is found that the cows of the experimental group were characterized by the increase of I and Se content on the 28th day, which fell within permissible values (25-75 percentile), while the concentration of Ca, K, Mg, Na, Zn, Al, Sr, Pb, Hg decreased in relation to the beginning of the experiment. The assessment of reproductive qualities of cows showed that in the first month of the experiment 46.7% of cows came in season in the control group and 60.0% – in the experimental group. Within the next month the control group saw additional 20.0%, while the experimental group – 33.3%. During the first service of breeding 66.7% of cows were bred in the control group, 80.0% – in the experimental group. In the control group two cows were aborted, which reduced the number of living calves in the control group to 7 or 47%. The experimental group gave 14 calves or 93%.
Influence of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on the fertility of heifers in frontal insemination
Authors: Khristianovskii P I , Platonov S A , Gontiurev V A
Published: November 2019

Investigation of the effect of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on the processes of reproduction in cattle was performed on heifers of the breeding age of red steppe breed. Synchronization of the sexual activity by double use of the estrophan, prostaglandin drug, with addition of a releasing hormone (surfagon) to the scheme before insemination was performed in the control and experimental groups. Heifers were simultaneously injected with a solution of silicon dioxide nanoparticles with estrophan injection intramuscularly in the experimental group. All animals were inseminated in frontal, rectocervical way, with deep frozen sperm, twice. Heifers were taken the blood at estrophan injections and before insemination to study the dynamics of progesterone levels. As a result, 50.0% of the heifers were fertilized from frontal insemination in the control group, in the experimental one - 70.0%, that is, the increase in fertility with the use of silicon dioxide nanoparticles was 20.0%. Progesterone level in blood serum of the heifers on the 11th day of the experiment exceeded the initial by 23.5–69.2%, and before insemination it dropped by 38.1 to 50.0% compared with the maximum value. These changes were more significant in animals of the experimental group. Presumably, the use of silicon dioxide nanoparticles increases the hormonal activity of heifers’ ovaries, which contributes to their higher fertility during insemination.
Comparison of no-till and traditional technologies for Triticum Aestivum L. cultivation
Authors: Izotov A M , Turin E N , Turina E L , Zhenchenko K G , Gongalo A A , Susskiy A N
Published: November 2019

The research purpose is to compare the no-till Triticum aestivum L. cultivation technology with a traditional cultivation system and their influence on soil moisture, the number of weeds, soil density, aggregate composition and a structure coefficient. The studies were conducted in 2015–2018 in the Steppe Crimea. Crop rotations consist of the same set of plants with the exception of the first link: under the traditional system: black fallow – winter wheat — oil flax — winter barley — grain sorghum; under the no-till system, pea was sowed at the first field. The experiments were conducted in accordance with generally accepted methods of field experiments in agriculture and crop production. By the time of sowing, a larger amount of moisture accumulated in the black fallow compared to the field of peas. It was 0–10; 0–20; 0–100 cm for 1.9; 5.5 and 20.6 mm, respectively. In spring, the amount of productive moisture was at the same level. Under the traditional system, it was 104; under the direct sowing, it was 102 mm. Using the direct sowing technology, the absence of mechanical soil loosening had no effect on the density parameter in comparison with the traditional farming system: density was normal, regardless of the farming system: 1.13 g/cm3 under the traditional system, and 1.19 g/cm3 under the direct sowing system; in the 10-30 cm layer, it was 1.45 g/cm3; in general, in the 0–30 cm layer, the difference was not significant (1.34 and 1.36 g/cm3). The species composition of weeds did not change. The direct sowing technology used for untreated soil had a positive effect on the soil structure. By the third year of research, the coefficient of structure was 2.94 (under the traditional system), and 4.05 (under the direct sowing system).
Resource-saving method of chemical treatment of tilled crops
Authors: Borisenko I B , Ovchinnikov A S , Meznikova M V , Fomin S D , Bocharnikov V S , Rogachev A F , Ulybina E I
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the state of natural resources as a result of the use of traditional tillage technologies, suggests ways to solve them by switching to the resource-saving strip-till cultivation technology. Analyzed production costs for chemical processing and identified the shortcomings of serial machines for chemical processing of plants. The proposed technology and technical solution for the use of band spraying with the redistribution of working solutions for the objects of impact, taking into account the phase of crop development, which allows accurately making the active substance on the object of impact, which reduces hectare application rates and stresses of cultivated plants, saves money on chemical processing solving environmental problems by reducing the chemical load on the soil. An algorithm has been developed to recalculate the rate of application, as well as a calculator has been upgraded to select the nozzle number at the optimum pressure in the system, taking into account the hectare consumption and the speed of the unit in relation to the resource-saving method of chemical treatment of plants. As a result of the calculations, when using a resource-saving method of chemical processing of tilled crops, the consumption of the working solution is reduced compared to a continuous spraying when applied to crops with a row spacing of 0.7 m by 31.4%, with a row spacing of 0.9 m by 38.9%. This method allows adding a set of machines for mechanical tillage in the framework of the Strip-till strip technology.
Fattening calves using vegetable waste and sunflower
Authors: Vyayzenen G , Marinets V , Marinets R , Vyayzenen A , Barashkov A
Published: November 2019

The results of wholesale on the use of waste of vegetable crops and sunflower when fattening gobies of the black-and-white breed are given. Six groups of uncastrated bulls were formed: control, I experienced, II experienced, III experienced, IV experienced and V experienced (on the principle of analogous groups, taking into account age and body weight and origin). All gobies (control and experimental groups) were given 17.2 kg of silage from cereal perennial grasses and 3.65 kg of mixed feed and 9.5 kg of brewer’s grain, 80g of fodder chalk each. The gobies of the experimental groups were given various wastes of vegetable crops and sunflower (at 30 g / head / day): I experienced — did not feed them, II experienced — pepper stalks, III experimental — sunflower stalks, IV experimental — cucumber stalks, V experimental — stalks tomatoes (in the form of flour). The live weight of bulls when removed from fattening for the control group is 297.0 ± 0.19 kg, the experienced ones - from 304.6 ± 0.12 kg (hay with KKS and without feed additives) to 317.7 ± 0.24 kg (114.7%, tomato stalks). Average daily gains in live weight are from 801 ± 14.6 g (hay with CCR) to 874 ± 16.7 (tomato stalks, P <0.001) versus 762 ± 16.4 g in the gobies of the control group.
Wood waste of forest industry of siberia for feeding cows
Authors: Ivanova O V , Ivanov E A , Tereschenko V A , Efimova L V , Zaznobina T V , Frolova O A
Published: November 2019

Full realization of genetic potential of productivity of livestock in the conditions of industrial technologies is impossible without using in its diets of various biologically active additives providing increase in productivity and standardization of indicators of homeostasis. The research has been conducted in “Breeding Farm Taezhny” Ltd, Sukhobuzimsky territory of Krasnoyarsk region. The influence of feeding coniferous flour and pine nut shells on milk productivity of black-motley breed cows at the age of the second calving has been studied. Three groups of 5 cows in each were formed. The period of the experiment lasted 100 days. As a result, the analysis of composition of the studied feed additives, milk productivity, hematological and biochemical blood tests were made. Milk yield of the cows receiving coniferous flour in addition to the main diet was higher than in the control group by 13.5 %, and the cows receiving a shell of pine nut – by 4.3 %, in terms of basic fat content by 22.7-15.7 %, respectively. The increase of milk productivity by adding the coniferous flour allowed reducing the cost of 1 kg of milk by 2.2 rubles or 13.1 %, increase profits by 9.442 rubles or 36.5 %.
Studying the structure of pricopopulations and quality of seed seeds of bushes Ural river loan
Authors: Ryabinina Z N , Kalyakina R G , Ryabukhina M V , Khalikov B M , Bisaliev I N
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of studying the species structure, abundance and quality of seed material of shrubs in the floodplain of the Ural River. The most frequently encountered species was Rosa majalis and Lonisera tatarica (the frequency of occurrence for both species is 63%), which remain viable after more or less prolonged flooding with flood waters and withstand their alluvial sleep. Rhamnus cathartica (53.6%) and Prunus spinosa (51.2%) can also be attributed to the number of commonly seen speciesThe least encountered species were Elaeagnus angustifolia, Euonymus verrucosa, Cotoneaster melanocarpus, Corylus avellana, Crataegus ambigua, which were found in only one type of forest. At the same time, germination, viability and high quality met standard quality indicators. Cerasus fruticosa seeds were characterized by the highest sowing qualities, the least - by Ribes nigrum.
Intensity of spring wheat transpiration due to weather factors and methods of basic tillage
Authors: Besaliev I N , Sandakova G N , Panfilov AP
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the study of daily course transpiration of the three upper leaves of cultivars of spring hard wheat of different origin, grown against the background of two methods of primary tillage in different conditions of the vegetation period according to weather factors. The studies were carried out according to the method of rapid weighing using the torsion scales VT-500 three times during the day (9:00, 12:00 and 15:00 hours) in the phases of stem elongation and wheat earing. The paper identifies cultivar specificity of the course of daytime transpiration, the influence of soil tillage methods on the amount of transpiration, as well as a significant dependence on weather factors over the years of study. The results can be used in practical breeding with the perspective assessment of varieties according to the transpiration activity of the leaves in the most important phases of the spring wheat growing season. In connection with changes in the climatic factor in the direction of increasing aridity, it is important to know the patterns of the response of the plant organism to the extreme conditions and the possibility of its use in breeding practice. The results obtained can substantiate the needs to use various methods of basic processing to reduce negative weather factors.
Water saving eco-friendly technology of rice irrigation
Authors: Kruzhilin I P , Dubenok N N , Ganiev M A , Melikhov V V , Rodin K A , Fomin S D
Published: November 2019

The results of research on the development of less water-intensive rice irrigation technology with periodic irrigation, allowing to reduce the cost of irrigation water in 3-5 times are presented. This irrigation technology solves a number of environmental problems associated with the formation of water deficit in the sources of irrigation, the water table rise, salinization, waterlogging, acidification and utilization of polluted waste and drainage water. During the development of water-saving technologies of rice irrigation special attention is paid to the development of high crops and systems of plant protection from weeds. The article provides recommendations for maintaining a less intensive water regime of soil with a humidity not lower than 80% HB from sowing to the end of the tillering stage in a layer of 0.4 m with a subsequent increase to 0.6 m, from wax to full ripeness of grain not lower than 70% HB. The combination of such water regime with fertilizer rate N109P62K75 provides a rice yield of 5.0 t/ha, a rate of N131P74K90 – 6.0 t/ha and a rate of N157P90K108 – 7.0 t/ha.
Monitoring of flooding of rice irrigation systems via laser scanning and digital imaging
Authors: Solodunov A A , Bandurin M A , Pshidatok S K
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the study of various technologies to monitor flooding of rice irrigation systems and hydraulic engineering structures as such. It considers planning and prospects of improvement through the introduction of modern systems of laser scanning and digital imaging. It also analyzes the condition of planning works on rice fields in Lower Kuban. This year it is planned to sow 134.5 thousand hectares of rice this year in Krasnodar Krai, which is nearly 8 thousand more than last year. The region produces 87% of rice in Russia. Rice irrigation systems within the rice cultivation region cover huge territories with different agrometeorological and hydro-reclamation conditions. The cultivation of this culture is critical in relation to humidity of top soil, its temperature and surface microrelief. Rice industry in Krasnodar Krai is still reviving. Today the productivity of this culture in Russia makes about 200 thousand tons of grain annually. This is quite sufficient to satisfy the domestic needs of the country. Russia even has an opportunity to import about 50 thousand tons of grain annually. The total length of flood embankment from the Krasnodar reservoir to the mouths of the Kuban and the Protoka rivers is 650 km. Since 1998 and till present, the flood embankment systems were examined several times to detect sites in unsatisfactory technical condition threatening the emergency burst. Technical condition of the flood embankment system of the Kuban and the Protoka rivers is considered emergency. The design of rice irrigation systems is based on the modular principle satisfying the integrated approach to internal network. It is recommended to introduce the new way of planning thus ensuring the maximum approximation of surfaces of rice fields to a horizontal surface.
Monitoring the state and ecological ameliorative effect of tree and shrub coulisse and row plantings on pastures in the arid conditions of the northern Caspian
Authors: Lepesko V V , Belyaev A I , Pleskachev Yu N , Fomin S D , Pugacheva A M , Rybashlykova L P
Published: November 2019

The paper summarizes results of long-term observations of the state of roadside tree and shrub plantings of Ulmus parvifolia, Tamarix ramosissima, Calligonum aphyllum and Haloxylon aphyllum in the arid conditions of the Northern Caspian. All said species show high survival on sandy loam soils, are drought-resistant and long-living (40 and more years). Studies have shown ecological and ameliorative effect of plantings on the vegetation cover of adjacent pastures and protection of the route Astrakhan-Volgograd from sand drifts and snowstorms of East and South-East directions.
Science-based regimes of corn irrigation for grain in the reclaimed lands of Rostov region
Authors: Gurina I V , Mikheev N V , Shcherenko A I
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the studies conducted in 2013-2015 was to develop scientifically grounded regimes of corn irrigation for grain during sprinkler irrigation with the use of wide-capacity sprinklers. Field research was carried out at the pilot site in Svetlagorskoye, Bagaevsky District, Rostov Region. As a result, it was established that during the dry growing season (at HTC = 0.59) to maintain the specified thresholds of soil moisture 7 growing season irrigations by irrigation rates from 240 to 500 m3/ha were carried out. The irrigation rate was 3040 m3/ha. At HTC = 0.50, 6 vegetative waterings were carried out according to the norms from 300 to 500 m3/ha. The irrigation rate was 2400 m3/ha. At HTC = 0.58 8 vegetation irrigation with irrigation rates from 350 to 450 m3/ha was carried out, irrigation rate was 3400 m3/ha. B our studies also determined the total water consumption by the water balance method. The analysis of the total water consumption structure allowed establishing that the main share in the structure (up to 70%) was the irrigation rate, then precipitation and productive moisture reserves used by plants.
Comparative evaluation of productivity of ryegrass and ryegrass-goatling grass stands affected by different mineral and organomineral nutrition
Authors: Khismatullin M M , Khismatullin M M , Vafina L T , Safiollin F N
Published: November 2019

Production volumes must be increased not by any means, but only by those of them that are economically sound and justify the labor of present-day agricultural workers and funds spent on solution of its problems. The number of such priorities undoubtedly includes realization of the complex program of developing biotechnologies, approved by the President of the Russian Federation, V.V. Putin, on April 24, 2012. It is aimed at the reduction of expenditures on the production of competitive, environmentally safe foodstuff based on widespread use of modern fertilizing and stimulating compositions, organic and mineral nutrient solutions and biological preparations. In this connection, the questions of foliar dressing, discussed in this work, using various nutrient solutions, containing highly digestible amino acids and chelate forms of microfertilizers of poorly explored in Middle Volga region ryegrass agrocoenoses, are not only relevant, but are also significant from the theoretical and practical viewpoints.
Improvement of grain processing via ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Rudik F Ya , Morgunova N L , Semilet N A , Tuliyeva M S
Published: November 2019

The theoretical study made it possible to define the main correlation dependences affecting the efficiency of grain preparation for milling. Experimental studies allowed improving the technology of grain softening and washing. Design and operating parameters of ultrasonic facility and technology ensuring high degree of grain cleaning and moistening were studied and structured, namely: ultrasound frequency – 18 kHz; process temperature – 30-40 °C; processing time – 30-40 s; intensity of ultrasonic waves – 1 W/cm2.
Assessing a dryer state using the parameters of a spent drying agent
Authors: Sorochinsky V F , Dogadin A L
Published: November 2019

The paper analyzes the control of regime parameters during grain drying in grain dryers. It has been established that direct monitoring of the heating temperature of grain and its humidity in the dryer column in the grain layer is complicated by the uncertainty of sensor readings placed in the layer, which is caused by a significant difference in the heating temperature of the grain as a thermolabile material and a high-temperature heat carrier. The work considers various methods of preventing fire-hazardous situations and deterioration of grain quality as a result of its overheating by traditional methods by mechanical sampling of grain from a column and measuring its temperature and humidity using dielectric, conductometric or microwave methods of measurement. In order to determine the heating temperature of the grain indirectly by the temperature of the spent drying agent, an installation has been developed. The results of its production tests, the prototype design and technical characteristics are presented. Additional production studies have been carried out to determine the change in the moisture content of grain during the drying process in the grain dryer columns by an indirect method based on the relative humidity of the spent drying agent, as well as laboratory tests on the created testbed. The studies were carried out on wheat grain, grain mixture of wheat and barley, and sunflower seeds. The studies have shown high convergence of results in temperature and good convergence in grain moisture. According to the results of joint mathematical processing of the results of production and laboratory tests, regression equations were obtained for calculating the heating temperature and grain moisture during the drying process using the parameters of the spent drying agent: temperature and its relative humidity.
Analytical determination of the rational angle of lifting: the soil cooking organ
Authors: Vasilenko V , Vasilenko S
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study is to search for the analytical dependence of the force of resistance of the wedge on the lifting angle in the case of working with wet soil, which does not crumble into fragments, but slides along the wedge in the form of a continuous tape. Tillage tools can have front and rear sharpening angles. The front angle raises the soil layer, and this action is most common in tillage. The rear corner seals the bottom of the furrow, so it is undesirable in plows. To determine the rational angle of inclination of the entire working surface under working conditions with wet soil, an analytical equation has been obtained, which is applicable if the technological indicators of the soil are observed in a particular field, especially indicators of soil sticking to the working surfaces. In this equation, the traction resistance of the wedge depends on the density of the soil, friction coefficient, tensile strength and shear strength. In the calculations, the deformation of the soil layer was taken inherent in the wetted state with the presence of plant residues, that is, the soil retains the shape of a continuous ribbon in its movement along the working surface of the wedge. According to the results of field studies of the experimental and basic plows, it was determined that on loamy soil with a moisture content of 16 to 22%, an rational angle of elevation of the tillage tool can be taken as an angle of 18 °. An experimental plow with a plowshare angle of 18 ° compared to a basic plow with a lifting angle of 30 ° showed an increase in productivity by 19% and a reduction in specific fuel consumption by 17% due to a decrease in traction resistance and, as a result, by reducing the likelihood of sticking of the soil and rare stops for cleaning the working bodies.
Efficiency of multifunctional chelate complexes used during spring wheat cultivation
Authors: Nikiforov V M , Nikiforov M I , Chekin G V , Silaev A L , Smolskii E V , Nechaev M M
Published: November 2019

Field experiments conducted in 2015-2017 on gray forest soils of Bryansk region (Russia) substantiated the effectiveness of multifunctional chelate mixtures for producing wheat grain. It was revealed that at the tillering and earing stages, double foliar fertilizing of crops using multifunctional chelate mixtures based on succinic acid (3.0 l/ha) instead of nitrogen N30 (at the tillering stage) increases the yield by 1.5-2.0%, decreases production costs by 30% and increases profitability of grain production by 100%.
The use of current sources in electrokinetics to create independent irrigation stations
Authors: Porsev E G , Arshinov S A , Alchinov A I , Tsarev R Yu
Published: November 2019

In order to implement agricultural products plantation it has been suggested to take the advantage of electrokinetic phenomena with the account of the technology multifactority and relaxation phe-nomena. The issue of energy cost reduction with new approaches, influencing the process of irri-gation of the soil root layer and saving natural resources has been considered.
Production of components for special-purpose products at continuous freeze drying of plants
Authors: Kasatkina N , Kasatkin V , Zorin A
Published: November 2019

Experimental studies on freeze-drying of juices and fermented milk drinks at continuous plants were carried out. High-quality components comparable with raw materials for the production of special-purpose products are obtained.
Structuring carbon alloys due to carbon mass transfer
Authors: Gribenchenko A V , Ovchinnikov A S , Gapich D S , Motorin V A , Novikov A E , Bocharnikov V S , Fomim S D
Published: November 2019

The wear of parts of the threshing apparatus of a combine harvester inevitably leads to the deterioration of the threshing of the grain mass, which in turn leads to the loss of grain. One of these parts involved in the direct threshing process is the whipping threshing drum made of high carbon steel. Used steels of increased strength for the manufacture of parts, components and structures of agricultural machines requiring restoration using surfacing with wear-resistant coatings are hampered due to the tendency of such steels to form hot and cold cracks in the near-weld zone. The main reason for the formation of cold cracks during the welding of steel parts is considered to be the unfavorable development of physicochemical processes in the heat-affected zone of welding. The highest probability of the formation of deformations and residual stresses in austenitized regions of the heat-affected zone is characteristic of steels with a high carbon equivalent. As a result of the research conducted, the possibility of reducing the carbon content in the welded edges and weld surfaces of carbon steel products by creating a temperature gradient in them directed from the surface to the core was substantiated and experimentally confirmed. The local decarburization that occurs during this process is reversible, and after performing the surfacing, it is easily eliminated by normalization.
Conceptual model of zonal structuring of functional areas of working elements for soil treatment
Authors: Motorin V A , Gapich D S , Fomin S D , Bocharnikov V S , Gribenchenko A V
Published: November 2019

The working elements of machines for the treatment of soils should have high rates of wear resistance and resistance to shock loads. Moreover, different parts of the working bodies have different functional purposes, and, therefore, should have different mechanical characteristics. Based on this, a conceptual model of rational structuring of functional zones of working bodies for soil treatment is proposed, providing radically different parts of the mechanical characteristics.
Application of food supplement in production in order to promote health and prophylactic properties
Authors: Efremova E N , Taranova E S , Zenina E A
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the issue of the growth of bakeries, their competitiveness, the possibility of introducing new progressive equipment into production and the ability to enter new consumer markets. The study is conducted on the basis of the Volgograd State Agrarian University in the department “Processing technologies and food security”. The aim of the study is to study the use of natural raw materials used to improve the quality, nutritional value and increase the competitive raw materials. As an additive, water is replaced with carrot juice, in the proportion of 50:50 and 100 %. Then there is the definition of organoleptic and physico-chemical properties. The use of carrot juice improves the quality characteristics of bread, the physico-chemical indicators correspond to State Standard 27842-88. In addition the economic efficiency of production of wheat bread is calculated. The level of profitability of wheat bread production with the replacement of water with carrot juice in the proportion of 100 % is 15.25 %, which is 5 % higher than the control sample.
Enhancing the antimicrobial properties of borates in coolant fluids
Authors: Uspensky I A , Fadeev I V , Pestryaeva L Sh , Sadetdinov Sh V
Published: November 2019

Studied the effects of C10H16O8N2 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its C10H14O8N2Na2 disodium salt (trilon B) on the antimicrobial properties of lithium monoborate (LiBO2), sodium (NaBO2) and potassium (KBO2) in 3% emulsion coolant «Ukrinol-1». Established that the listed monoborates have antimicrobial properties in 3% emulsion coolant «Ukrinol-1». The addition of EDTA and trilon B separately at concentration of 1 g/l, enhances almost 2 times the antimicrobial activity of monoborates in the coolant emulsion. Thus, the addition of 30 g/l of sodium monoborate in combination with 1 g/l of EDTA increases the service life of 3% emulsion of «Ukrinol-1» coolant fluid up to 87 days. In combination with trilon B the term of the antimicrobial action of borates in 3% emulsion of the coolant «Ukrinol-1» increases to greater extent than in the presence of EDTA and its service life increases up to 110 days. All this allows us to recommend the studied composition as the antimicrobial additive to improve the sanitary and hygienic working conditions of machine workers and increasing the service life of the 3% emulsion coolant «Ukrinol-1» used for machining of metals.
Modernized system of phased broiler chicken rearing
Authors: Vyayzenen G , Golovey V
Published: November 2019

The modernized domestic complex of LLC "Belgrankorm – Veliky Novgorod" is engaged in the production of embryos, eggs, meat, its processing and freezing and facilitates productivity of chickens, safety of a livestock, body weight gain, achieves the reduction of rearing terms by 5 days and the decrease of feed expenses on 1 kg of production.The duration of the incubation period of eggs in the cabinets of the incubation shop is 18 days. During the following incubation phase (from 18th to 21st days) toxic substances, gases and decay products accumulate in the cabinets. They also get into the body of embryos and hatched chickens, as well as maintenance personnel. Modernized poultry farm facilities enable embryos to be transported by mobile method for three days (from 18th to 21st day) directly to poultry houses (buildings) for hatching of chickens and their subsequent rearing. This can significantly reduce the amount of toxic substances, gases and decay products, energy and financial costs and improve environmental and biological safety. On the 18th or 19th day, egg embryos were exposed to ozonation for 5 min by the "Rios–20" apparatus with a capacity of 20 g/m3. With the current technology, hatching of chickens directly in the housing (poultry house) occurs on the 21st day, when they jump out of their lofty perches in special conveyor belts, quickly find their "working" places, identify their drinking bowls (nipple), feeders and litter (with grain). Broiler chickens of cross "Hubbard" were reared.
Accurate 3D shape recovery of live cattle with three depth cameras
Authors: Ruchay A N , Dorofeev K A , Kalschikov V V , Kolpakov V I , Dzhulamanov K M
Published: November 2019

The animal carcass is one of important indicators of the development of young cattles, therefore it is essential to follow it up. Only the animals with sufficient body frame and with well-muscled top can be successfully fattened to high body mass. In this work we propose a prototype of non-intrusive scanning system for recovery of live cattle 3D shape with three depth cameras. To obtain the highest precision in measuring of cattle shape, we use calibrated cameras, curve fitting algorithms for solving the problem of missing data owing to partial occlusion, and algorithms for accurate fusion of point cloud data from three cameras. The measured animal 3D shape can be used, for instance, for automatic and precise estimation of body dimensions of live animals and for predicting the body weight of individual cattle as well as for daily monitoring production capacity of cattle.
A depth camera-based system for automatic measurement of live cattle body parameters
Authors: Ruchay A N , Dorofeev K A , Kalschikov V V , Kolpakov V I , Dzhulamanov K M
Published: November 2019

Many studies have purposed in order to measure live animal body characteristics using RGB-D cameras. However, most of these studies were made only for specific body measurements in interactive manner. A deviation from the expected animal body characteristics can indicate ill thrift, diseases and vitality. Currently, the farm manager can measure the body characteristics manually. Manual measuring generally requires a lot of labor, and it is, therefore, time consuming and stressful for animals. In this work we propose a non-intrusive depth camera-based system for automatic measurement of various cattle body parameters such as linear and integral characteristics along directional lines and local areas, geodesic distances, perimeters of cross sections, etc
Influence of feed mineral supplements on morphological and biochemical blood indicators of lactating cows
Authors: Sukhanova S F , Pozdnyakova N A , Yaroslavtsev F V
Published: November 2019

The article presents data on morphological and biochemical blood parameters, the content of total protein and its fractions in the blood serum of lactating cows when using new mineral supplements at a dose of 100 g and 350 g per head per day. In experimental group 2, an increase in the hemoglobin index was 11.88% (P≤0.05), in inorganic phosphorus - 27.00% (P≤0.01), in globulins - 4.81% (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group.
Biological evaluation of aqueous extract of oak bark on in vitro models
Authors: Atlanderova K N , Makaeva A M , Kholodilina T N
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of studies on the biological activity and effectiveness of drug administration of oak bark extract in various concentrations and mixed with native cicatricial fluid on the luminescence dynamics of a lux biosensor - a genetic engineering strain of Echerichia coli K12 TG1, a constitutively expressing luxCDABE genes of a natural marine microorganism Photobacterium leiongnathi 54D10. It has been established that the administration of oak bark extract, in ratios: 1:12, 1:10, 1:8, (dry matter of bark to distilled water), does not have a toxic effect on the culture of E. coli K12 TG1. The dynamics of feed digestibility after three and six hours of exposure when making oak bark extract in different dosages is accompanied by an increase in the total digestibility coefficient, after 3 hours by a value from 3.92% (P≤0.001) to 21.18% (P≤0.001), after 6 hours the digestibility increases 3.18% (P≤0.001) to 24.25% (P≤0.001) relative to the control. The greatest digestibility is achieved in a dose of 150 μl. Also, a relationship was found between the dose of oak bark extract and the percentage of digestibility: the higher the dosage, the lower the digestibility, and vice versa - the higher the dosage, the lower the coefficient of digestibility of the dry matter of the feed substrate.
Analysis of seminal plasma biochemical parameters and sperm cryostability in different age groups of stallions
Authors: Atroshchenko M M , Kudlaeva A M , Fomina M A , Kalashnikov V V , Zaitcev A M , Denisova O V , Navasardyants D G , Belonovskaya O S , Pasko A A
Published: November 2019

We studied sperm of stallions of different age groups of the Arab breed at the age of 4 to 21 (n=36). The concentrations of total protein (TP), albumin, globulins, glucose, urea, phospholipids, ionized calcium (Ca2+), and enzyme activity of creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in seminal plasma. After sperm freezing and thawing the progressive sperm motility and viability at +4 °C were studied. We found that progressive motility and viability of spermatozoa after freezing and thawing in stallions at the age of 6-10 years was statistically significantly higher than that of stallions at the age of 4-5 (p=0.004 and p=0.02), 11-15 (p=0.04 and p=0.04) and 16-21 (p=0.01 and p=0.01, respectively). The concentration of sperm in the ejaculates of older stallions (16-21 years old) is significantly lower than in the ejaculates of stallions aged 4-5 (p=0.04), 6-10 (p=0.003), 11-15 (p=0.04). The level of urea in seminal plasma of older stallions (16-21 years old) was statistically significantly higher than in the group of stallions aged 6-10 (p=0.01). There is a negative correlation between progressive sperm motility after cryopreservation and urea concentration in stallion seminal plasma (r=-0.48; p<0.05).
Fertility of ewe following intrauterine laparoscopic insemination with frozen-thawed semen
Authors: Aybazov A M , Malmakov N I , Selionova M I , Mamontova T V
Published: November 2019

Cryopreservation of sperm opening up possibilities for improvement of breeding work due to the rational use of the valuable animals’ genetic potential became the basis for cryobanks of biomaterial, contributed to the widespread, the exchange of gene pool. However, AI with frozen-thawed semen is not widespread in sheep as it is in other domestic species. One reason for this is the low efficiency of frozen-thawed ram semen application. The aim of research was to study the fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed semen using intrauterine laparoscopic insemination. The experiments were carried out in Kazakhstan and Russian Federation. For intrauterine insemination by laparoscopy has been used frozen in straws semen of Polypay, Suffolk (courtesy of University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA), Hampshire, Dorset, Texel, the South African Meat Merino (represented by Animal Breeding Services LTD, New Zealand), and the North Caucasian breeds. During intracervical insemination by frozen semen, the fertility of ewes was 34.4%. When intrauterine insemination using a single detection of sheep on heat, fertilization ranged from 34.7 to 43.7 %, and when using detection of sheep on heat twice a day, fertility was 68.8%. The analysis of factors that can influence the performance of laparoscopic insemination with frozen-thawed semen is presented.
Dynamics of zinc content in food products produced in Orenburg region
Authors: Salnikova E V , Burtseva T I , Skalniy A V , Burlutskaya O I , Kanygina O N
Published: November 2019

The article aims to study the dynamics of zinc content in food products produced in Orenburg region. The studies were conducted in 2011-2015. Zinc content was determined by standard methods in the accredited laboratory of the Testing Center of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Meat Cattle Breeding of the RAS using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. 2100 food samples were tested. Main groups of food products produced in Orenburg region were investigated. Studies have shown that zinc content in wheat bread and fish products is 1.3 times and 1.2 times lower than recommended values. The chronological analysis of zinc content showed that in wheat bread, meat and fish products, its amount increased. The exception is dairy products in which zinc content changes in steps: from 1998 to 2003, zinc content increased from 3.2 to 4.9 mg/kg, and from 2004 to 2015, it decreased from 4.8 to 3.7 mg/kg.
Evaluation of the effects of plant extracts on cattle rumen mi-crobiome
Authors: Yausheva E V , Duskaev G K , Levakhin G I , Nurzhanov B S , Yuldashbaev Yu.A. , Rysaev A F , Rakhmatullin Sh G , Inchagova K S
Published: November 2019

The prohibition of antibiotic drugs in animal husbandry to stimulate animal productivity has provoked an active study of alternative substances, including plant extracts. No less interesting for a detailed study of the extracts of plants Eucalyptus viminalis and Scutellaria baicalensis, as information about their effect on ruminant microbiome is extremely scarce. According to the results of phytochemical analysis, 14 small molecules were found in the extract of Scutellaria baicalensis. and 13 in the composition of the extract of the leaves of Eucalyptus viminalis. Analysis of metagenomic sequencing when plant extracts are included in the feed indicates a significant change in the rumen microbiome. The absence of Proteobacteria and Fibrobacteres phyla in the experimental groups, a decrease in the content of Bacteroidetes by 12.0–17.0% and an increase in Firmicutes (p<0.05) and Saccharibacteria (p<0.05) were noted. An increase in the class Clostridia (p<0.05), due to the family Ruminococcaceae (p<0.05) and the genus Ruminococaceace, was found. In the Bacteroidia class in all groups, the family Prevotellaceae, the genus Prevotella, prevailed in most of the groups. Additional inclusion in the diet of plant extracts of Eucalyptus viminalis and Scutellaria baicalensis have a significant impact on the rumen microbiome of the cattle, the taxonomic identification of microorganisms indicates the prevalence of phyloma Firmicutes, Clostridia class and the Ruminococcaceae family, which are responsible for the separation of imperfect migration. Further evaluation of plant matter is needed in the direction of the overall effect on fermentation of feed in the rumen.
Microelement composition of arid pastures: impact on productive qualities of Kazakh white-headed steers
Authors: Gorlov I F , Fedotova G V , Kaydulina A A , Natyrov A K , Grigoryan L F
Published: November 2019

The article describes the results of a scientific experiment in the beef production in arid areas of the Volgograd Trans-Volga region. Being one of the main branches of agriculture, livestock provides the population with food of animal origin and is a raw material base for corresponding branches of the processing industry. The need to intensify beef cattle breeding is a nationwide task aimed at solving the challenges of food security through innovative methods and tools used for feeding and breeding beef cattle in arid areas of the southern Russia. The article substantiates the need to improve the fodder base for breeding beef cattle in loose and tie-up housing. Feeds enriched with microelements for the intensive growth and development of animals have been found to have quite good effect on the live weight gain and fleshiness of steers. Therefore, the norms of feeding and microelement supplements developed for the rations will enable producing more meat raw materials of high nutritional value in local climatic and natural conditions.