bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Socket Priority Module for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Network using FlyNetSimulator
Authors: Windiatmaja Jauzak Hussaini , Tjahaja Johannes Calvin , Amin Kgs. Al , Sari Riri Fitri
Published: March 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft without a human pilot onboard and a sort of unmanned vehicle. UAV Network research activities in the real world can pose several challenges, especially in urban environments or in densely populated environments. This is due to the nature of the UAV which requires a large area of operation. Therefore, digital simulation is vital in conducting research related to UAV and its networks. One of the UAV simulators recently developed is FlyNetSim. FlyNetSim is an open-source UAV Network Simulator based on NS-3 and Ardupilot. In the application, UAV can have some network-related problems. One of them is when a UAV is in an environment that has a lot of interfering networks because it is contending a network channel. This can cause network delay. These delays will raise with the increase in the number of nodes that interfere with the UAV. To overcome the problem of interfering nodes, we propose to add a priority set module for UAV and Ground Control Station (GCS). The proposed module will set priority for the UAV and GCS socket. This module is intended to give priority to packets sent by UAVs or GCS. Later the packet that has priority will be sent first to reduce the delay caused by the appearance of interfering nodes. Setting priority in the socket may reduce the average delay caused by contending nodes. Test result shows that there is a 16.2% reduction of average delay. Test result also shows that there is a 4% raise in packet delivery ratio.
Document Searching of EPPS Test Result Using Indexing Method
Authors: Krisna Kahfiara , Mulyati Sri
Published: March 2021

This study focuses on documents searching on the EPPS test result, mainly administered in the education sector for selecting prospective students in universities’ admissions process. There has been a considerable increase of admission data along with annually administered admission test for prospective students in every beginning of an academic year. Some faculties may administer the EPPS test in the second stage test of admission process after the prospective students pass the first stage in addition to having the general admission test. These several tests lead to a huge data accumulation with different information, making it difficult for the organizers to locate the document containing 15 aspects of required information in a comprehensive information display. Thus, it is necessary to apply an indexing method by having a predetermined index to retrieve required information in a particular document or to find other related documents by way of indexing method. This research used 74 pdf documents as the dataset. In particular, 60 datasets were used as references to retrieve phrases on the specified data, and 14 datasets were used to test data. The results revealed the most significant data with an average precision of 0.89, recall of 0.93 and f-measureof 0.91.
An Integrated Metamodel for Enterprise Architecture using Open Government Data Approach: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Arzimi Intan Maizura , Bakar Nur Azaliah Abu , Mahrin Mohd Naz'ri , Kama Mohd Nazri , Hussein Surya Sumarni
Published: March 2021

The government is always looking forward to providing citizens with excellent service. One of the government’s significant agenda is to identify ways to improve the quality of service and deliver the best service to their citizens. Both Malaysia Open Government Data (MOGD) and Malaysia Government Enterprise Architecture (MyGovEA) initiative play a vital role in assisting the government in providing excellent service deliverables to the citizens. These domains must integrate each other towards the country’s economic and social growth. In this paper, we propose the new conceptual model on a new metamodel for the OGD using the Government Enterprise Architecture (GEA) modeling process. Based on the OGD problem and challenges define map with the Archimate metamodel notation to classify the OGD context with the EA metamodel. The study becomes an opportunity for the MyGovEA team and the researchers to highlight EA integration across industry and agencies.
Random Effect Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling (MASEM) Estimation Using The Method Of Moment: Case Study On The Poverty In The Island Of Java
Authors: Standsyah R E , Otok B W , Suharsono A
Published: March 2021

Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling (MASEM) is divided into two types according to the homogeneity of the effect size, the fixed-effects MASEM, and the random-effects MASEM. The random effects of MASEM are heterogeneous or there are variations in the effects of the study population, thus implying both between-study variance and within-study variance. Accordingly, the process of estimating the MASEM random-effects parameters involves an additional process, the estimation of the variance between studies. The initial process of MASEM parameters was estimated with generalized least squares (GLS) and then estimated the variance between studies. The iterative EM algorithm is used to estimate the variances between studies of random effects MASEM GLS but this method may not achieve convergence. So, a non-iterative procedure was developed to estimate the variance between studies using the moment method. Data on poverty on the island of Java are likely to differ. Poverty data, if collected from a different population in between province, will be more accurate and in line with targets. The poverty model with the economy, human resources, and health as the right exogenous variables on the island of Java. The results of applied random-effect MASEM GLS with the method of moment approach to estimate the variance between studies on a poverty model show that the coefficient of each economic, health and human resources variable on poverty is 0.4942, -0.1106, and -0.2843. When human resources increase along with health, people’s creativity and productivity also increase, it affects the decline in the value of economic indicators or is equivalent to the increase in the economy of the community so that poverty decreases.
A Prototype of Portable Digital Forensics Imaging Tools using Raspberry Device
Authors: Yudha F , Ramadhani E , Komaryan R M
Published: March 2021

One of the digital forensics activities has the goal to prove a cybercrime. There are several stages in digital forensics when doing an investigation. Each stage has its suitable hardware and software that is used while investigating a case. Standalone forensics hardware is a suitable media in the process of investigation. It can do an acquisition and imaging process at the same time as the investigation process. Nowadays, standalone forensics hardware for imaging devices has a very high price. This paper gives a solution to develop low budget portable imaging forensics devices using a raspberry device. The device enables us to do an acquisition to a hard disk or flash drive. The output has a raw format file type i.e.dd. This device includes a logging file consisting of detailed information related to the digital evidence also hashing to provide file integrity. The result of this paper describes how to construct a prototype low budget portable device for digital forensics acquisition using a raspberry device and how to operate it in GUI. The prototype was successfully created and tested in several scenarios. The performance test of this device has a result of that transfer rate of 1,85 MB/s.
Exploring Familiarity and Participation in Online Gig Economy Among Indonesians
Authors: Aristi Nina Mia , Pratama Ahmad R
Published: March 2021

Online gig economy has been rapidly growing and shown a promising prospect in Indonesia, but little is known about familiarity and participation of Indonesians in this new business model. This study tries to fill that gap in literature by exploring familiarity and participation in four different types of online gig economy, i.e. transportation-based service (TS), professional service (PS), asset-sharing (AS), and handmade goods, household, and miscellaneous services (HGHM) among Indonesians based on an online survey of 385 participants. The primary data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and logistic regression models to show that most Indonesians are TS gig users whereas PS is the most preferred category by Indonesian gig workers. This study found some differences in characteristics of gig users and gig workers in different categories of online gig economy. Most notably, it suggests the existence of sexual, generational, geographical, and socioeconomic gaps among Indonesians when it comes to their participation in different types of online gig economy. Despite the high participation rate in the online gig economy, the familiarity rate in both the concept and the term "online gig economy" is relatively low. The findings from this study can shed light and serve as a steppingstone for further research on the online gig economy as a new business model and dig deeper into its potential in Indonesia
Penalty Strategy in The Fitness Function of Grey Wolf Optimizer for Minimum Spanning Tree Problem
Authors: Zukhri Z , Paputungan I V , Handayani N S , Satriadi V
Published: March 2021

The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is a relatively new population-based optimizer. Various optimization problems have been solved using GWO. This paper presents an experiment on how to apply GWO to solve the minimum spanning tree (MST) problem. MST is normally solved using revision strategy when formulating the fitness in other population-based algorithms. Another strategy, called Penalty strategy, is used in the experiment. Existing dataset for MST problem is tested using GWO. The experiment showed that implementation of penalty strategy in the fitness function of GWO can find a solution with almost 96% accuracy.
On the possibility of obtaining ultra-supercritical steam parameters at Nuclear Power Plants with fast neutron reactors using non-nuclear steam superheating
Authors: Kostarev V S , Shirmanov I A , Anikin A A , Shcheklein S E
Published: March 2021

Nuclear and thermal power plants constitute the largest part of Russia’s power grid (about 67%). Today the world thermal power industry has already begun the transition to ultra-supercritical steam parameters, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency and reduce fuel consumption, and, accordingly, the discharge of harmful substances into the environment. Nuclear power plants (NPPs) need to increase their performance to keep up with other electric energy producers in the market. One of the ways to increase the energy efficiency of nuclear power plants with fast reactors is to improve the thermodynamic cycle. The paper presents computer-simulated steam-cycle arrangements for NPPs with a BN-1200 reactor using non-nuclear superheating of steam, as well as steam compression to obtain super-supercritical steam parameters, and an assessment of the efficiency of using these cycle arrangements.
Decision-making algorithm for the development of the district of electrical grids
Authors: Semenova N G , Chernova A D , Vlatskaya L A
Published: March 2021

The article presents the stages and operational actions of the formation of a priority alternative for the development of the district of electrical grids. It is proposed to make a priority alternative from the preferred variants for the development of electrical grids objects. The selection and ranking of variants is influenced by the financial constraint, the technical condition of the equipment, the consequences of failure. The article presents two-level block diagram of the decision-making process at the local and global levels. It is proposed at the local level to select the variant for the development of an object of electrical grids by multi-criteria assessment and using neural network technology. At the global level, it is proposed to use the integration of an algorithm for constructing a decision tree and an algorithm for solving an optimization problem.
Installation of absorption refrigerating machines for the needs of conditioning of the Armada Mall
Authors: Sokolov V Y , Sokolova T Y
Published: March 2021

The energy strategy of Russia for the period up to 2020 noted that in order to ensure energy security it is necessary to solve two priority issues: firstly, the modernization of the obsolete and physically worn out technological base of the fuel and energy complex using the best domestic and relevant foreign technologies for our conditions; secondly, it requires a change in the consumption pattern and distribution of production of fuel and energy resources. The work analyzed the state and considered the characteristics of the energy source. The concept of increasing the efficiency of the thermal power plant has been developed. As a result of analysis of existing plants for additional generation of cold from a more heated power generator, a scheme and theoretical cycle of absorption bromide of a lithium refrigerating machine is made. The results were obtained on the expected annual savings of the Armada Mall operating costs at the application of lithium refrigeration machine absorb bromide for the annual cold demand of 3,4 million kWh.
Analysis of biogas content influence on the flame properties
Authors: Leonov E S , Trubaev P A
Published: March 2021

The paper has examined the combustion of gas with variable methane content where it was supplied separately from the air. The analytical one-dimensional model of the diffusion straight-flow flame in the unrestricted and restricted space and a numerical three-dimensional model of the turbulent flame in a swirled airflow were used in this research. It has been established that in furnaces (in a restricted space) the maximum flame temperature depends only on the methane content in fuel and in average lower than the temperature of clean methane combustion by 20-70°C for conventional biogas and by 100-200°C for biogas with low methane content. The methane content decrease in gas leads to the diffusion flame length decrease in comparison with clean methane combustion by approximately two-fold for conventional biogas and fourfold for combustion of biogas with low methane content. For the turbulent flame in a swirled air flow, the flame length decrease is insignificant and is around 10% for conventional biogas and around 40% for biogas with low methane content. It can be concluded that by changing the methane content in biogas the heating plant operating mode can be stable on the condition that the biogas flow rate is controlled to ensure constant heat production during its combustion and turbulent flame with a swirled airflow. Combustion, in this case, can be done using the same burner.
Cluster characteristic of water used by energy facilities by total antiocidant activity
Authors: Kalayda M L , Gordeeva M E
Published: March 2021

Energy facilities are located on most large reservoirs, therefore, the issue of water quality is especially acute in the water area of such water bodies. The article describes 9 clusters of water with values of total antioxidant activity, isolated now on the basis of numerous analyses. Water with a simplified structure is distinguished, containing 1 cluster and characterized water bodies with an abundance of life. Ordinary water with 2 clusters in the structure is water widely used by humans for household consumption. Water with 3-4 clusters observed in artesian wells. The most complex in cluster composition is spring water (5 clusters). The complex cluster structure of water made it possible to propose an index of water structure, which reflects the percentage of clusters with certain values of total antioxidant activity and the degree of water trophy. As a result, the work provides the recommendations on the values of total antioxidant activity of water at the water intake and offtake of combined Heat and Power plant.
Development of technical vision hardware and software complex to improve concentration tables’ operational efficiency and range of applications
Authors: Velichko M A , Esina E V , Gladkikh Yu P , Esin V A , Kostina I B
Published: March 2021

The work is devoted to development of technical vision system for the concentration tables. It is shown that new technologies applied to the design of concentration tables will significantly help companies, specializing in extraction and handling of common minerals in deep processing of construction sands in order to obtain more expensive products. Technical vision hardware and software complex is considered as one of automation systems, that can greatly improve productivity of concentration tables, provide energy, human and essential mineral resource saving (e.g. of such minerals as titanium-zirconium raw material). Described is the mechanism of different fractions dividing on the concentration table. Shown is the process of dividing line recognition by technical vision system. Depicted is the system structure and the used elements. Pictured is the software general operation including camera image analysis before making decisions and hardware control.
Feasibility of construction and installation site of differential pressure sensors for gas energy efficient plant for coarse and fine purification
Authors: Usachev A P , Shuraits A L , Rulev A V , Biryukov A V , Pikalov A A
Published: March 2021

The paper substantiates the construction and location of differential pressure sensors for a coarse and fine gas energy-saving plant. Energy saving is achieved by installing filtering cylindrical elements of fine and coarse purification one inside the other, optimizing their shape and substantiating the location of the differential pressure sensors. The results of the studies show that the total specific heat consumption for heating and ventilation of purification plants from all energy-saving measures for the proposed option is 1.85 times lower than the existing analogue of the non-optimized shape and measuring the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet branch pipes. The article also proved that the static gas pressure in the lower part of filter elements of the coarse and fine purification will always be higher than in their upper part. This results in a proportionally higher amount of inlet gas and therefore more solids settling in the bottom of the filter element. Measurement of the pressure drop in the lower part of the filter element, the most clogged with solid particles, makes it possible to receive a signal at the dispatching console earlier and provides a time reserve for technical personnel to timely remove accumulated blockages from coarse purification elements and prompt replacement of fine purification elements.
Identification of the energy consumption macromodel for the energy complex in oil and gas producing enterprise into the generalized golden section metric
Authors: Kolesov V I , Khmara G A , Khakimyanov M I
Published: March 2021

The problems of increasing the energy efficiency of oil and gas production are becoming very urgent. The cost of purchasing electricity greatly affects the cost of hydrocarbons. The cost of electricity is an important contributor to the price of oil and gas. This is due to low oil and gas prices and expensive electricity. Reliable power supply to oil and gas fields is a big problem. Oil companies are starting to use gas turbine power plants, solar panels and wind turbines. Under these conditions, oil companies are trying to optimize their energy costs. Most of the electricity is consumed by downhole production and injection wells. Development of mathematical models allows minimizing power consumption. All technological processes of oil and gas production are interconnected. Water injection into the reservoir affects the production pumps. The operation of borehole pumps affects the oil treatment and pipeline transportation systems. The tools’ synthesis for modelling development strategies in the electric power field into oil and gas producing enterprises (OGPE) is considered. The structural and parametric identification of the macromodel for energy consumption in the OGPE energy complex into the generalized Golden section metric is performed. The calculations’ results are given.
Stress-strain behavior monitoring of metal structures of NPP
Authors: Baldin A M , Kurteev A V , Orlov K E , Sevastyanov M M , Tashlykov O L
Published: March 2021

Conclusiveness of NPP safety assurance has been actualized. Methods of reliability and operability assurance of NPP elements during operation, life extension and putting out of service have been presented. The importance of diagnostics and monitoring of the condition of equipment, pipelines and structures of a NPP during operation, life extension and putting out of service have been pointed out. Distinctive features of working in radiation hazardous conditions and importance of remote diagnostic and monitoring methods as a part of the doze rates reduction have been presented. The developed and constructed system for monitoring the stress-strain behavior of a metal structures and the principles of its operation have been presented. The schematic diagram of the system and its components have been described. The description of the research methodology, its purpose, main stages and the results of carried out experiments have been presented. The operability of the system and the reliability of its readings have been confirmed. The dependence of the monitoring system’s readings on the mechanical loading of the sample tested in the corresponding experiment has been obtained. The applicability of the developed system for monitoring the stress-strain behavior of a metal structures of NPP elements has been confirmed.
The outlook for multivibrator application in the present day electronic systems
Authors: Savvin N Yu , Garbuzov D D , Singatulin R S , Roshchubkin P V
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses challenges that the present-day electronic industry of the Russian Federation faces today, analyses reasons for lagging in this sector in volume and production scale of the finished products in comparison to the leading in this area countries, suggests ways for reaching a new level in this industry by implementing a nationwide digitalization, reviews a place of digital signals in modern-day electronic, their types, creation methods, main characteristics, devices for generation and processing. The method of digital signals forming using the multivibrator was suggested in this paper. Different multivibrator types were reviewed, including the multivibrator with AND-NOT gates, its advantages were considered in comparison with the transistor stage multivibrators, parameters of the electronic circuit elements in the AND-NOT gate multivibrator for generating a signal with the required characteristics were calculated, then the multivibrator was assembled and the output signal parameters were taken down. The output signal parameters and the calculated parameters were identical. The conclusion was made about the possibility of the suggested AND-NOT gate multivibrator application in the complex automatic control circuits and electronic systems indication circuits as a device that generates signals with the required parameters.
Use of a group of underwater hydraulic tarans for the water supply system
Authors: Sokolov V Y , Naumov S A
Published: March 2021

When choosing water-lifting equipment, a number of issues related to the type of water intake structure, the energy for driving the plant, the adopted pressure and control structures, and the automation system are solved. Their structures should be simple, convenient to operate, have an affordable cost, provide the required water supply to the above areas. For agricultural water supply and irrigation of land plots located above the water source, the equipment for lifting water using the energy of the water flow - a hydraulic ram - fully meets the requirements of all known means of mechanizing the water lift. The cascade hydraulic unit operates due to dispersed energy of open water flows and hydraulic impact energy. The use of a cascade hydraulic ram plant on the river will allow the water supply of individual consumers without the cost of electricity, which is absolutely safe for the environment. The proposed topic of work is therefore very relevant.
Transforming Brackish Water into Ingestion Liquid Using Solar Still, Physico-Chemical Analysis
Authors: Shanmugasundaram K , Sivasenthil E , Manikandan V , Raju Ganesh
Published: March 2021

In this work, an endeavor has been made to purify waste water by using solar still and the purity of water has been examined using physico-chemical properties such as taste, odour, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, total alkalinity, total hardness, magnesium, magnesium hardness, calcium, calcium hardness, sulphate, nitrate, iron, chloride, silica were shows the purity of water. Standard methods were used for determinatio n of physical and chemical characteristics of the waste water and distilled water. The outcomes were equaled with standards prescribed by IS:(10500-1991). As a result, the physico-chemical parameters exceeded the water quality standards and the waste water (Brackish water) is unfit for drinking purpose as it was contaminated and the quality of water is very bad. It needs some degree of treatment before consumption. Hence the waste water is cleansed by means of solar still and found that the physicochemical parameters are underneath permissible limit of IS:(10500-1991). From these results it is clear that, purification of waste water by using solar still is an optimistic approach fo r the production of drinking water and also can be used as a purifier in brackish area.
Temperature influence on a quality on printing in a printing machine
Authors: Martirosyan Sedrak
Published: March 2021

In this paper the temperature influence on a quality printing in a printing machine is discussed. The case of contact printing shafts and paper is investigated, the cases, when temperature is neglected and it’s effect on a quality of printing investigated as well. Beside that, three different type of papers investigated depending temperature influence. The stressstrain state in the printing layers is discussed, it is possible to define the printing quality in the contact zones.
Fabrication of PET/PU/ZnO NPs based Polymer Nanocomposite for Uniform Dispersion of ZnO Nanoparticles by Bar Spreading and Chemical Bath Deposition Method
Authors: Pawar Jayant , Deshmukh Rushikesh , Ruikar Shilpa , Pisal Sharmilee , Masurkar Snehal , Bhayani Mihir , Kale S. C.
Published: March 2021

Currently, nanomaterials are one of the materials being used commercially almost in all domains to improve the quality of products due to its physical, chemical, optical, antimicrobial and catalytic properties. In present paper, one of its roles in polymer chemistry has been explored, in this regards, the fabrication method developed for uniform coating of PET films with ZnO nanoparticles. In this direction, ZnO nanomaterials are very important as they are biocompatible, non- cytotoxic, cheap and easy to produce. The ZnO nanoparticles were obtained by facile hydrothermal route using zinc acetate and urea as precursors in water. The surface coating of nanomaterials on PET/PU films were achieved by bar spreader and chemical bath deposition method. Further, the structural and morphological analysis reveals uniform coating of ZnO nanostructures on to the PET/PU films.
Comparative Study on Non-Linear Time History Analysis of a Building With and Without Base Isolation using ETABS
Authors: Selwyn Babu J. , Rex J. , Priya Reddy V. , Britto Jeyakumar M.S.
Published: March 2021

Base isolation is a device which is used to discrete the building from its foundation. Therefore, all through seismic activity, the building does not change due to the earthquake. Even if the earth moves violently, buildings tend to move like rigid bodies instead of collapsing In the current study, reinforced concrete framed structures of G + 8 and G + 16 (with and without base isolation) are considered with a 3 m high floor in the seismic zone V. The base isolator for both structures is designed to determine the stiffness and physical magnitudes of the lead rubber bearing core (LRB) specified at the base of the frame. The buildings were analyzed using nonlinear time history technique in ETABS. The effect of Base isolator is studied and building reactions like storey displacements, storey shear, storey drifts, and overturning moments can be seen in graphs. A general examination of G+8 and G+16 buildings with and without base isolator is watched.
Selection of optimal parting line for forging in various equipments using numerical analysis
Authors: Raj Mathala Prithvi , Kumar Manoj , Pramanick Ajit Kumar
Published: March 2021

While designing of dies for forging, one of the most important criteria which has to be considered is the selection of parting line/plane. Selection and location of the parting line greatly affect the grain flow direction in the component, load which is coming on the dies and it also determines the location of the burr which is formed in the component after trimming. The main objective of this paper is to select a suitable parting line/plane, for hot forging a circular component in mechanical press and drop hammer. For studying the effect of parting line, four dies are designed with different parting lines (top parting line, bottom parting line, central parting and inverted dies) location for hot forging of an automotive component coupling flange. Two commonly used equipments (mechanical press and drop hammer) are considered for determining the effect of parting line location on load requirement which finally decides the die wear and die life. Numerical analysis is carried out with these dies using a finite element based software DEFORM-3D. Top parting line gave best results with minimum load, minimum effective-stress and favourable grain flow in mechanical press. Whereas, in case of hammer, inverted dies yielded in minimum load, minimum effective stress and favourable grain flow.
An approach to eliminate shell cracking problem in fused deposition modeling pattern based investment casting process
Authors: Singh Simranjeet , Kumar Parlad , Singh Jagmeet
Published: March 2021

Fused deposition modeling process can be used to make complex plastic parts directly from the three dimensional CAD drawings without any requirement of tooling. For low volume production, these plastic parts can be used instead of wax patterns in investment casting process to reduce high cost of tooling required for making wax patterns. But with plastic patterns there is a problem of ceramic shell cracking during the pattern burnout process. This shell cracking is mainly due to thermal expansion of the plastic sprue and plastic patterns. In this paper, a method has been proposed to eliminate the problem of shell cracking by using a wax sprue instead of plastic sprue. A joint has been designed to attach plastic patterns with wax sprue. It has been found that the proposed method is successful in eliminated the shell cracking problem. In addition to this, the proposed method is expected to reduce the process cycle time and cost.
Replacement of OPC by Zirconium Nano Particle in Concrete
Authors: Manikanta Sai Swaroop M
Published: March 2021

It has been shown nanoparticles can act as heterogeneous nuclei for cement pastes, further accelerating cement hydration because of their high reactivity. As a nano-filler, it densifying the microstructure, thereby, leading to a reduced porosity. Because of ultrafine size, nanoparticles show unique physical and chemical properties different from those of the conventional materials. Because of their unique properties, nanoparticles have gained good attention in construction fields. In this study, 1% cement was placed with ZrO2 nanoparticle of 33 nm to improve the mechanical (compression strength and split tensile strength), durability (Rapid chloride permeability and carbonation test) and microstructural (FESEM) properties in concrete structures and results are compared with normal concrete.
Health state of hussain sagar
Authors: Prakash Akula , Ravinder Rathod , Anand Goud K , Mounika Kandlagunta
Published: March 2021

In the heart of Hyderabad City, India, Hussain Sagar Lake, a historical lake constructed in 1952 by Hussain Shaw Wali, is situated. Earlier until the 1930s, for both twin cities of Hyderabad and secunderabad, it was the primary supply of water to satisfy drinking and irrigation requirements. Now this lake became a mere garbage bin without proper treatment for wastewater loads coming from point and non-point sources. The lake then lacks the capacity to self-purify a mechanism that has an important element that relies on the overall ambient oxygen uptake. Several schemes have been initiated to develop HUSSAIN SAGAR Lake and its surroundings by the authorities concerned. HMDA, a regulatory body set up by the government of Andhra Pradesh, recently launched ‘Hussain sagar lake and catchment area development project’ in 2004 with reference to the lake health status and set up STPS and wastewater interception and diversion systems. But all such steps are unsuccessful. Ultimately, by gathering samples based on time intervals and various places, we expect findings based on our test results.
Development of Teff-Starch based Edible Film: Mechanical and Optical Properties
Authors: Venkatesa Prabhu S , Hemalatha P , Tizazu Belachew Zegale , Gosu Amsalu
Published: March 2021

Teff is a unique staple food in Ethiopia. Teff has not been investigated in detail with respect to biofilm base material. In this study, a biofilm was prepared using teff-starch. Further, water barrier, mechanical, and optical properties of the teff-starch based films were investigated. These properties were compared with the cassava-starch based biofilm that was developed with same combination of plasticizer, surfactant and agar. The result showed that teff-starch based edible film is good compactable for food packaging material. Also, the mechanical and optical properties compared with standard cassava-starch based biofilm showed teff-starch films are better appropriate as for a packaging material.
Numerical investigation of convective heat transfer in fluid flow past a tandem of triangular and square cylinders in channel
Authors: Moussaoui M. A. , Admi Y. , Lahmer E. B. , Mezrhab A.
Published: March 2021

A numerical study of a two-dimensional laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics in a horizontal channel containing two in-line obstacles of different shapes, namely an upstream triangular cylinder and a downstream square cylinder, was carried out. It is based on a coupling between the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The airflow (Pr = 0.71) is assumed to be laminar and incompressible. All physical properties of the fluid, expect its density, are supposed to be constant. The two cylinders are kept at a constant hot temperature, while the incoming flow is at a cold temperature. The Reynolds number and the horizontal separation distance between the cylinders are varied to investigate their influences on fluid flow and heat transfer.
Damage tolerance design of transport aircraft
Authors: Vishnu H , Ajith Kumar R , Sujith R , Suraj R , Girish K E
Published: March 2021

In a transport aircraft, there are normally two spars to withstand bending loads. A large part of this bending moment is drawn from the main spar. The main spar in large transport wings is an integrally machined part that is physically connected to the skin and ribs. At some fastener openings, the mechanical fastening contributes to extreme tension concentration where a fatigue crack can originate. This crack will form first in the flange under service loading and then expand into the spar network. If not detected during service and repaired, this crack growth can lead to catastrophic failure. This investigation aims at examining the main spar’s alternate structural design to make it damage tolerant. With one more intermediate flange and at a height of one-third from the bottom flange, the spar construction will be in two separate parts. The bottom flange and web can fail in the case of fatigue cracking, but the top flange, web, and intermediate flange will remain intact and can be designed to bear the requisite load limit design. An approach to finite element modelling and analysis is also used to analyze all forms of spar constriction and test the principle of harm tolerance nature.
Analysis on impact of ‘switching off light’ event on indian grid frequency
Authors: Logeswaran Dr.T. , Loganathan N. , Senthil kumar Dr.S. , Uthirasamy Dr.R. , Shanmugasundaram Ravivarman
Published: March 2021

Electricity places a vital role in the development of economy of a country. Electrical power grids are the most complex of all human engineered systems. This paper presents the progress made in the energy grid and outlines the power scenario in India. It reports the impact created by the event “Switching off lights” on grid frequency. Role of POSOCO in the management of the event has been vividly described. The paper provides us the most important input for prioritizing measures or steps to be taken to cope up with the situation and possible action plan have been summarized.
Impact of dimensionless length scale parameter on material dependent thermoelastic attenuation and study of frequency shifts of rectangular microplate resonators
Authors: Resmi R. , Suresh Babu V. , Baiju M.R.
Published: March 2021

Quality factor is one of the decisive performance parameters of micro/nano plate resonators based sensors and filters .Various energy dissipation mechanisms limit the maximum attainable quality factor, and in micro/nano scales thermoelastic damping is a critical energy loss mechanism. When the devices are scaled down, in order to accurately model micro/nano scale resonators, non-classical elasticity theories like Modified Couple Stress Theory (MCST) are valid. In this paper, by including a length scale parameter (l) the size effects were incorporated in the analysis and thermoelastic energy dissipation and related attenuation were found to be diminished by selecting a dimensionless length scale parameter i.e. l/h. Thermoelastic attenuation and frequency shifts related to thermoelastic damping in microplate rectangular resonators with five structural materials (SiC, polySi, diamond, Si and GaAs) were investigated with l/h =0.The attenuation related to thermoelastic energy dissipation and frequency shifts were found to be minimum for polySi material. With the inclusion of size effect, the impact of dimensionless length scale parameter on thermoelastic attenuation of polySi based microplate resonators was also explored. The conventional thermoelastic damping analysis in rectangular plate was modified by applying Modified Couple Stress Theory and the impact of dimensionless length scale (l/h) on thermoelastic energy attenuation was simulated numerically using MATLAB 2015.
Experimental studies on mechanical and durability characteristics of lc3 concrete
Authors: Kavya Sree S , Chandra Mohan Rao B D V , Yadav Maganti Janardhan , Swamy Naga Ratna Giri P
Published: March 2021

In the present day context utilization of natural resources is increasing day by day, which is a burden for future generations. Limiting the usage of natural raw materials and development of sustainable methodologies is needed in all aspects of construction activities. In this regard, manufacturing of cement requires large amount of limestone deposits, fuel energy and on the other hand cement manufacturing liberates carbon dioxide (CO2) into atmosphere. Liberation of CO2 results in global warming which leads to climatic changes. Hence there is a need to develop an alternative material superior to cement without compromising its properties. To address the above problem present study is focused on examining the usage of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) as partial replacement to clinker to an extent of 50% in concretes. M 30 grade of concrete is considered for investigation with three types of binders (i.e. LC3, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Pozzolana Portland Cement (PPC). From the studies on strength and durability it is evident that the performance of LC3 concrete is better than OPC and PPC based concrete.
Influence of Ultrasound on Alkaline Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch Fibre: Preliminary Study
Authors: Mohd Eqhwan Iskandar Wan , Ruey Ong Huei , Rahman Khan Md. Maksudur , Ramli Ridzuan , Mohamed Halim Rohaya
Published: March 2021

This research underlines the effect of ultrasound in NaOH surface modification of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterized the fibres. It can be seen that surface morphology treated by ultrasound assisted alkali treatment shows smooth surface with minor impurities. Additionally, the elimination of hemicellulose on EFB fibre surface can be proven by the disappearance of peak between 2900-1700 cm−1 (C-H). Furthermore, Ultrasound assisted alkali method demonstrate the admirable value (300 N/mm2) in enhancing the tensile stress of EFB fibre and comparable with alkali soaking technique (292 N/mm2). The findings indicate that ultrasound-assisted alkali treatment has the potential to be used as surface modification method in the industry.
Effect of Different Nickel Percentage in Solder Alloy towards Intermetallic Compound Formation and Growth
Authors: Asyraf Abdullah Muhammad , Rabiatul Aisha Idris Siti
Published: March 2021

The growth of electronics product has increased rapidly and hence drive challenges among the designers as well as manufacturers to select the best electronic packaging materials for their products. Among those materials, lead free solders has become the best replacement for lead-containing solders even though its performance still could not meet the original specification. Thus, this paper is aiming at studying the effect Nickel (Ni) additional with difference percentage into solder alloy toward intermetallic compound formation (IMC) and growth at the interface of the solder joint. The work was carried out by producing Sn-xNi (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0) through powder metallurgy method. The process started with powder milling at the speed of 1400 rpm for 3 hours. Then it was compacted into a thin pallet with size of 6mm diameter at the pressure of 5 ton. After that, the sample were subjected to reflow soldering for 250˚C for 25min heating duration and 15min holding time. Solder joint strength was carried out using ASTM D1002. Finally, characterisation was made in terms of IMC morphology, thickness and solder joint strength using metallographic microscope as well as scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). Results showed that the addition of Ni with different percentage produced different morphology of IMC at the interface after reflow soldering which also affects its growth behaviour. The IMC’s formed after reflow soldering produced closed and packed grain boundary when solder with higher Ni content was used. The type of IMC formed at the solder joint was Cu6Sn5 and its thickness increased with Ni addition. These results were the proof that Ni is a good candidate to improve solder joint performance by restricting the formation and growth of Cu3Sn IMC. In addition, the solder joint strength was found to be increasing upon Ni percentage increment. The highest strength value of 5.885MPa was produce when Ni was added up to 1.0%. This showed that Ni not only a good candidate to improve joint performance in IMC formation but also help in strengthening the solder joint.
Machinability study of JFRP composite using design of experiment
Authors: Akmam Noor Rashid Mir , Mohd Zain Zakaria , Nor Khairusshima M K , Ibne Noor Wazed , Mullah Momin , Ahmed Khan Shaheer
Published: March 2021

Recently, the machining of composite materials has increased to a large extent to get the required shape and design during the assembly stage of Jute fiber reinforcement polymer (JFRP). The output performance of milled JFRP composite depends on the input machining parameter such as spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The output responses like tool wear, surface roughness (Ra), and delamination factor (Fd) affect the dimensional stability, structural integrity, and accuracy of the final product. The objective of this study to find out the most significant factor of the output performances on JFRP. In this machining study, the JFRP composite panels were fabricated according to the hand’s lay-up technique and the milling was done by using an uncoated carbide cutting tool. The DOE (Design of Experiment) tool was used to design the experimental table based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Central Composite Design was used to analyze the data and the most significant factor that effect the output parameters. According to Analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was found that the feed rate has a significant influence on tool life, surface roughness, and delamination factor. The spindle speed has also an effect on output responses comparing to the depth of cut. Another objective of this research is to obtain an optimum setting of the input parameters and mathematical modeling equation to reduce the tool wear, surface roughness, and delamination factor. The optimum parameter of the input machining was found that the input parameter spindle speed 4293.88 rev/min, feed rate 150 mm/min, and depth of cut 1 mm in where the lowest surface roughness, delamination, and longer tool life would be achieved.
Analyzing the bearing wear using direct spectrum method when transferring the torque motion from the machine
Authors: Dmitry Gennadievich Allenov , Siamak Ghorbani , Kashyzadeh Kazem Reza
Published: March 2021

The present article examines rolling bearings with varying degrees of wear using direct spectrum method when operating from a machine drive. To achieve this purpose, a narrow-band spectrum analyzer was used. Also, several experiments were carried out to determine the effects of different types of bearing wear on the frequency characteristics of the vibroacoustic signal, which allows to predict the occurrence of defects in the bearing structure. Eventually, data were gathered on the increase in vibroacoustic noise in different types of wear and conclusions were drawn about the possibility of using the spectral method to predict failures during the operation of bearings. The results showed the lack of lubrication in the bearing and the presence of corrosion leads to an increase in amplitude frequencies in the high frequency range of 4000 - 10000 Hz. Moreover, the amplitude of the bearing without lubrication is about 35% higher than the amplitude of the worn bearing. Finally, due to the research carried out, it becomes possible to create a method for determining the type and nature of wear of rolling bearings of metal-cutting and other equipment. This will allow in the future to create a system for monitoring malfunctions directly during the operation of technological equipment without disassembling its units, reduce the cost of repair work and prevent emergency failures.