bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitat Mapping and Quality Assessment of NATURA 2000 Heathland Using Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy
Authors: Haest Birgen , Vanden Borre Jeroen , Spanhove Toon , Thoonen Guy , Delalieux Stephanie , Kooistra Lammert , Mücher Caspar , Paelinckx Desiré , Scheunders Paul , Kempeneers Pieter
Published: March 2017

Appropriate management of (semi-)natural areas requires detailed knowledge of the ecosystems present and their status. Remote sensing can provide a systematic, synoptic view at regular time intervals, and is therefore often suggested as a powerful tool to assist with the mapping and monitoring of protected habitats and vegetation. In this study, we present a multi-step mapping framework that enables detailed NATURA 2000 (N2000) heathland habitat patch mapping and the assessment of their conservation status at patch level. The method comprises three consecutive steps: (1) a hierarchical land/vegetation type (LVT) classification using airborne AHS imaging spectroscopy and field reference data; (2) a spatial re-classification to convert the LVT map to a patch map based on life forms; and (3) identification of the N2000 habitat type and conservation status parameters for each of the patches. Based on a multivariate analysis of 1325 vegetation reference plots acquired in 2006–2007, 24 LVT classes were identified that were considered relevant for the assessment of heathland conservation status. These labelled data were then used as ground reference for the supervised classification of the AHS image data to an LVT classification map, using Linear Discriminant Analysis in combination with Sequential-Floating-Forward-Search feature selection. Overall classification accuracies for the LVT mapping varied from 83% to 92% (Kappa ≈ 0.82–0.91), depending on the level of detail in the hierarchical classification. After converting the LVT map to a N2000 habitat type patch map, an overall accuracy of 89% was obtained. By combining the N2000 habitat type patch map with the LVT map, two important conservation status parameters were directly deduced per patch: tree and shrub cover, and grass cover, showing a strong similarity to an independent dataset with estimates made in the field in 2009. The results of this study indicate the potential of imaging spectroscopy for detailed heathland habitat characterization of N2000 sites in a way that matches the current field-based workflows of the user.
Basin Scale Assessment of Landslides Geomorphological Setting by Advanced InSAR Analysis
Authors: Bozzano Francesca , Mazzanti Paolo , Perissin Daniele , Rocca Alfredo , De Pari Pierfederico , Discenza Marco
Published: March 2017

An extensive investigation of more than 90 landslides affecting a small river basin in Central Italy was performed by combining field surveys and remote sensing techniques. We thus defined the geomorphological setting of slope instability processes. Basic information, such as landslides mapping and landslides type definition, have been acquired thanks to geomorphological field investigations and multi-temporal aerial photos interpretation, while satellite SAR archive data (acquired by ERS and Envisat from 1992 to 2010) have been analyzed by means of A-DInSAR (Advanced Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) techniques to evaluate landslides past displacements patterns. Multi-temporal assessment of landslides state of activity has been performed basing on geomorphological evidence criteria and past ground displacement measurements obtained by A-DInSAR. This step has been performed by means of an activity matrix derived from information achieved thanks to double orbital geometry. Thanks to this approach we also achieved more detailed knowledge about the landslides kinematics in time and space.
Three-Step Semi-Empirical Radiometric Terrain Correction Approach for PolSAR Data Applied to Forested Areas
Authors: Zhao Lei , Chen Erxue , Li Zengyuan , Zhang Wangfei , Gu Xinzhi
Published: March 2017

In recent decades, most methods proposed for radiometric slope correction involved the backscattering intensity values in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. However, these methods are not fully applicable to quad-polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) matrix data. In this paper, we propose a three-step semi-empirical radiometric terrain correction approach for PolSAR forest area data. The three steps of terrain effects correction are: polarisation orientation angle (POA), effective scattering area (ESA), and angular variation effect (AVE) corrections. We propose a novel method to determine adaptively the “n” value in the third step by minimising the correlation coefficient between corrected backscattering coefficients and the local incidence angle; we then constructed the correction coefficients matrix and used it to correct PolSAR matrix data. PALSAR-2 HBQ (L-band, quad-polarisation) data were used to verify the proposed method. After three-step correction, differences between front and back slopes were significantly reduced. Our results indicate that POA, ESA, and AVE corrections are indispensable steps to producing PolSAR data. In the POA correction step, horizontal–vertical (HV) polarisation was maximally influenced by the POA shift. The max deviation of the POA correction was greater than 1 dB for HV polarisation and approximately 0.5 dB for HH/VV polarisation at an intermediate shift angle (±20°). Based on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-derived forest aboveground biomass (AGB) data, we analysed the relationship between forest AGB and backscattering coefficient; the correlation was improved following the terrain correction. HV polarisation had the best correlation with forest AGB (R = 0.81) and the correlation improved by approximately 0.3 compared to the uncorrected data.
Spatio-Temporal Change of Lake Water Extent in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration Based on Landsat Images from 1987 to 2015
Authors: Deng Yue , Jiang Weiguo , Tang Zhenghong , Li Jiahong , Lv Jinxia , Chen Zheng , Jia Kai
Published: March 2017

Urban lakes play an important role in urban development and environmental protection for the Wuhan urban agglomeration. Under the impacts of urbanization and climate change, understanding urban lake-water extent dynamics is significant. However, few studies on the lake-water extent changes for the Wuhan urban agglomeration exist. This research employed 1375 seasonally continuous Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI data scenes to evaluate the lake-water extent changes from 1987 to 2015. The random forest model was used to extract water bodies based on eleven feature variables, including six remote-sensing spectral bands and five spectral indices. An accuracy assessment yielded a mean classification accuracy of 93.11%, with a standard deviation of 2.26%. The calculated results revealed the following: (1) The average maximum lake-water area of the Wuhan urban agglomeration was 2262.17 km2 from 1987 to 2002, and it decreased to 2020.78 km2 from 2005 to 2015, with a loss of 241.39 km2 (10.67%). (2) The lake-water areas of loss of Wuhan, Huanggang, Xianning, and Xiaogan cities, were 114.83 km2, 44.40 km2, 45.39 km2, and 31.18 km2, respectively, with percentages of loss of 14.30%, 11.83%, 13.16%, and 23.05%, respectively. (3) The lake-water areas in the Wuhan urban agglomeration were 226.29 km2, 322.71 km2, 460.35 km2, 400.79 km2, 535.51 km2, and 635.42 km2 under water inundation frequencies of 5%–10%, 10%–20%, 20%–40%, 40%–60%, 60%–80%, and 80%–100%, respectively. The Wuhan urban agglomeration was approved as the pilot area for national comprehensive reform, for promoting resource-saving and environmentally friendly developments. This study could be used as guidance for lake protection and water resource management.
Cross-Selectivity Enhancement of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)-Based Sensor Arrays for Detecting Acetone and Ethanol
Authors: Daneshkhah Ali , Shrestha Sudhir , Siegel Amanda , Varahramyan Kody , Agarwal Mangilal
Published: March 2017

Two methods for cross-selectivity enhancement of porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/carbon black (CB) composite-based resistive sensors are provided. The sensors are tested with acetone and ethanol in the presence of humid air. Cross-selectivity is enhanced using two different methods to modify the basic response of the PVDF-HFP/CB sensing platform. In method I, the adsorption properties of PVDF-HFP/CB are altered by adding a polyethylene oxide (PEO) layer or by treating with infrared (IR). In method II, the effects of the interaction of acetone and ethanol are enhanced by adding diethylene carbonate (DEC) or PEO dispersed in DEC (PEO/DEC) to the film. The results suggest the approaches used in method I alter the composite ability to adsorb acetone and ethanol, while in method II, they alter the transduction characteristics of the composite. Using these approaches, sensor relative response to acetone was increased by 89% compared with the PVDF-HFP/CB untreated film, whereas sensor relative response to ethanol could be decreased by 57% or increased by 197%. Not only do these results demonstrate facile methods for increasing sensitivity of PVDF-HFP/CB film, used in parallel they demonstrate a roadmap for enhancing system cross-selectivity that can be applied to separate units on an array. Fabrication methods, experimental procedures and results are presented and discussed.
Application of FBG Sensing Technology in Stability Analysis of Geogrid-Reinforced Slope
Authors: Sun Yijie , Xu Hongzhong , Gu Peng , Hu Wenjie
Published: March 2017

By installing FBG sensors on the geogrids, smart geogrids can both reinforce and monitor the stability for geogrid-reinforced slopes. In this paper, a geogrid-reinforced sand slope model test is conducted in the laboratory and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology is used to measure the strain distribution of the geogrid. Based on the model test, the performance of the reinforced soil slope is simulated by finite element software Midas-GTS, and the stability of the reinforced soil slope is analyzed by strength reduction method. The relationship between the geogrid strain and the factor of safety is set up. The results indicate that the measured strain and calculated results agree very well. The geogrid strain measured by FBG sensor can be applied to evaluate the stability of geogrid-reinforced sand slopes.
Alginate-Based Composite Sponges as Gastroretentive Carriers for Curcumin-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Petchsomrit Arpa , Sermkaew Namfa , Wiwattanapatapee Ruedeekorn
Published: March 2017

Alginate-based composite sponges were developed as carriers to prolong the gastric retention time and controlled release of curcumin-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (Cur-SMEDDS). Liquid Cur-SMEDDS was incorporated into a solution made up of a mixture of polymers and converted into a solid form by freeze-drying. The ratio of alginate as the main polymer, adsorbent (colloidal silicon dioxide), and additional polymers—sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)—was varied systematically to adjust the drug loading and entrapment efficiency, sponge buoyancy, and the release profile of Cur-SMEDDS. The optimum composite sponge was fabricated from a 4% alginate and 2% HPMC mixed solution. It immediately floated on simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and remained buoyant over an 8 h period. The formulation exhibited an emulsion droplet size of approximately 30 nm and provided sustained release of Cur-SMEDDS in SGF, reaching 71% within 8 h compared with only 10% release from curcumin powder. This study demonstrates the potential of alginate-based composite sponges combined with self-microemulsifying formulations for gastroretention applications involving poorly soluble compounds.
Analyses of Indole Compounds in Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Juice by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry after Solid-Phase Extraction
Authors: Yong Jean , Ge Liya , Wong Wei , Ma Zhen , Tan Swee
Published: March 2017

Simultaneous quantitative analysis of 10 indole compounds, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, one of the most important naturally occurring auxins) and some of its metabolites, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) after solid-phase extraction (SPE) was reported for the first time. The analysis was carried out using a reverse phase HPLC gradient elution, with an aqueous mobile phase (containing 0.1% formic acid) modified by methanol. Furthermore, a novel SPE procedure was developed for the pre-concentration and purification of indole compounds using C18 SPE cartridges. The combination of SPE, HPLC, and LC-MS was applied to screen for the indole compounds present in sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice, a refreshing beverage with various health benefits. Finally, four indole compounds were successfully detected and quantified in sugar cane juice by HPLC, which were further unequivocally confirmed by LC-MS/MS experiments operating in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.
Are Chinese Green Transport Policies Effective? A New Perspective from Direct Pollution Rebound Effect, and Empirical Evidence From the Road Transport Sector
Authors: Qiu Lu-Yi , He Ling-Yun
Published: March 2017

Air pollution has become a serious challenge in China. Emissions from motor vehicles have been found to be one main sources of air pollution. Although the Chinese government has undertaken numerous green policies to mitigate harmful emissions from road transport sector, it is still uncertain for both policy makers and researchers to know whether the policies are effective in the short and long terms. We propose a new concept of “pollution rebound effect” (PRE) to estimate the effectiveness of green traffic policies. We estimate direct air PRE as a measure of the effectiveness of the policies of reducing air pollution from the transport sector based on time-series data from the period 1986–2014. We find that the short-term direct air PRE is −0.4105, and the corresponding long-run PRE is −0.246. The negative results indicate that the direct air PRE does not exist in the road passenger transport sector in China, both in the short term and in the long term during the period 1986–2014. This implies that the Chinese green transport policies are effective in terms of harmful emissions reduction in the transport sector. This research, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt to quantify the effectiveness of the green transport policies in the transitional period that China is currently undergoing.
The Roundest Polyhedra with Symmetry Constraints
Authors: Lengyel András , Gáspár Zsolt , Tarnai Tibor
Published: March 2017

Amongst the convex polyhedra with n faces circumscribed about the unit sphere, which has the minimum surface area? This is the isoperimetric problem in discrete geometry which is addressed in this study. The solution of this problem represents the closest approximation of the sphere, i.e., the roundest polyhedra. A new numerical optimization method developed previously by the authors has been applied to optimize polyhedra to best approximate a sphere if tetrahedral, octahedral, or icosahedral symmetry constraints are applied. In addition to evidence provided for various cases of face numbers, potentially optimal polyhedra are also shown for n up to 132.
Serum Fructosamine Concentration in Uncontrolled Hyperthyroid Diabetic Cats Is within the Population Reference Interval
Authors: Gal Arnon , Trusiano Brie , French Adrienne , Lopez-Villalobos Nicolas , MacNeill Amy
Published: March 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy of cats that is characterized by persistent fasting hyperglycemia. However, stress induces substantial hyperglycemia in cats that poses a challenge to the veterinarian who may wrongly interpret the high serum concentration of blood glucose as evidence of diabetes mellitus. Fructosamine is a glycated serum protein that serves as an index of glycemic control in cats and is useful because it is not affected by stress hyperglycemia. However, factors such as body weight, hypoproteinemia, and increased serum thyroid hormone concentration can alter fructosamine concentration. The goal of this retrospective study was to compare the fructosamine concentrations in diabetic and nondiabetic cats with and without uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. A secondary goal was to determine the effect of sex, age, different populations of cats, and diabetes on the variability of fructosamine. We found that the mean (±SE) serum fructosamine of hyperthyroid diabetic cats (332 ± 24 µmol/L, 95% CI 291–379 µmol/L) was within the population-based reference interval (200–360 µmol/L) and significantly lower in comparison to euthyroid diabetic cats (527 ± 10 µmol/L, 95% CI 515–553 µmol/L). Additionally, in this study, diabetes accounted only for approximately 50% of the variance in serum fructosamine, while age, sex, and population made a minor contribution to this variance. In conclusion, finding serum fructosamine that is within the population-based reference interval in an uncontrolled diabetic cat should alert the veterinarian to the possibility of concurrent hyperthyroidism. Additionally, the veterinary clinician should consider that serum fructosamine might be substantially affected by factors other than diabetes.
Les archives de l'inscription maritime
Authors: Le Maresquier Erik
Published: March 2017

A partir de Colbert el reclutamiento de los marineros de la Marina mercante es controlado por la Inscription maritime. Los mas antiguos registros existen ya desde la mitad del siglo XVIII. Las costas de Francia estan divididas en «quartiers de l'Inscription maritime », cuyos archivos estan conservados en los Archives départementales o en los Archivos de la Marina. Hasta ahora son pocos los libros de referencia relativos a esos fondos. aunque ellos sean de mucho interés para la historia econômica y social.
Les services extérieurs du Trésor : leur histoire et leurs attributions actuelles
Authors: Roumagnac Charles
Published: March 2017

The " external services " of the Treasury : their history and present attributions.

After a historical survey, the author explains the attributions of the Treasury services in the départements, and describes the usual organisation of the Trésorerie générale in a département. He observes that these services are in rapid evolution, a consequence of the general economic evolution and the introduction of computers.
Les archives privées : essai de méthodologie
Authors: D'Huart Suzanne
Published: March 2017

=Private records : an essay of methodology.

The work involved in arranging and inventorying the fifty tons of records of the Royal House of France (Bourbon-Orléans dynasty), grouping 4869 bundles and boxes of various periods, interest and shape, have provided an opportunity to study the questions relating to the specific methodology of the processing of private records.

Material problems of the make-up of documents, difficult questions of selection and disposal, rules for the arrangement of the various sections, especially the numerous files of correspondance of the 19 th. and 20 th. centuries which contain as well reports on political and diplomatie matters as trivial exchanges of courtesies, are studied and specified.

The restructuration of fonds which have undergone one or several defective arrangements in the past, the choice of the type of finding aid to make according to the nature and historical value of the documents, are clarified, as well as their corollary, i.e. the understandable reserves of the owners as to the communication of some of the fonds deposited in the Archives nationales.
Les archives paroissiales et leurs tribulations : l'exemple du fonds de Saint-Maurice de Lille
Authors: Dhérent Catherine
Published: March 2017

Los archivos parroquiales y sus tribulaciones : el ejemplo de la Parroquia de Saint-Maurice en Lille.

Gracias a un inventario de 1739, hecho en la ocasiôn de un proceso judicial, el autor pude determinar todas las perdidas occurridas en un archivio parroquial, que constaba originalmente de varios millares de documentos, y que ahora tiene solo cien y seisenta. Las méximas perdidas occurrieron durante la Revolucion Francesa, pero antes de eso habia sido una falta de cuidado en la conservacion del archivo, y después varios colleccionistas tuvieron documentos.
La collecte des archives ministérielles : les «missions » des Archives nationales
Authors: Farcis Daniel
Published: March 2017

Die Archievierung der Ministerialakten : die «Missionen » des Archives nationales.

Die Archives nationales ordnen zu den verschiedenen Ministerien dauernde Archivare ab, die die Aussonderung der vorläufigen oder dauernden Konservierung der Akten und deren Abgabe vorbereiten. Diese Archivare sind von Mitarbeitern geholfen, die ihren Gehalt von den jeweiligen Ministerien erhalten, wenn sie zur Zeit noch eines offiziellen Status entbehren ; «Mission » ist die Bezeichnung ihrer Aufgabe. Seit 1982 bilden die gesamten «Missionen », unter Leitung eines conservateur en chef, eine neue Abteilung der Archives nationales. Die Beziehungen zwischen dieser Abteilung und der Cité des Archives contemporaines werden zur Zeit geregelt (siehe den nächsten Artikel).
L'organisation des Archives en Suisse : un système fédératif non centralisé
Authors: Santschi Catherine
Published: March 2017

The Organisation of Archives in Switzerland.

The archives of public communities in Switzerland do not depend from any central authority. At the municipal, cantonal and fédéral levels, the Magistrate (— administrative authority) appoints the archivist entrusted with the management of its records. Between cantonal and municipal archives, the coordination is generally ensured through Cantonal Regulations, periodical inspections by the State Archivist of the Canton (or Cantonal Archivist), and the organisation of training courses. Between federal and cantonal archives, some concertation is reached through the Society of Swiss Archivists, which organises periodical working sessions for all archivists.
«Arcade » : traitement par l'informatique d'un fonds des Archives nationales
Authors: Labat-Poussin Brigitte
Published: March 2017

ADP processing of an archive group in the Archives nationales : " Arcade ".

The article describes the ADP processing of archive group " F21 " of the Archives nationales : commission and acquisition of works of art by the Government, a relatively homogeneous group. Does ADP permit to reconcile the two contradictory necessities of all archival finding aids, i.e. rapidity and accuracy ? The first task was to establish data cheets, an operation rathe similar to the traditional work of archival description, except for the choice of terms used to describe the works of art, which needed the creation of a special thesaurus, a long and difficult task. The advantages of such an ADP-produced finding aid are many : immediate use, possibility to publish a traditional inventory, and above all, multiplicity of possible fields of research by combining various interrogations. The inconvenients, on the other hand, are : slowness of work (preparation of the programme, individual analysis of each document), necessity of numerous and qualified manpower, numerous controls. However, when the risks of over-sizing the opération and over-multiplying the types of finding aids are avoided, ADP can and must give enormous help to the work of archivists.
Archives papier et archives électroniques : étude prospective de la gestion des archives dans un milieu fortement équipé en bureautique
Authors: L’Huillier Hervé , M’Baïreh Lisette
Published: March 2017

Paper records and electronic records : a prospective study records management in highlyautomated offices.

Starting with a particular case (one branch of a large French industrial concern), this study describes the existing or possible systems of electronic preparation, processing and conservation of office files. Without going as far as advocating an " all-electronic " system, the comparison with traditional paper records management clearly shows the gain in productivity, space and time realized by an integrated electronic office-management system, taking into account all the archival functions beginning with the creation and use of documents. The authors propose to structure the information in files and sub-files, reserving the possibility of a command by key-words. They examine all the input processes that resuit from this system.
Les archives dans la Tour de Babel : problèmes de terminologie archivistique internationale
Authors: Duchein Michel
Published: March 2017

Archives in the Tower of Babel.

This reflexion on the problems and pitfalls of international archivai terminology is prompted by the recent publication of the multilingual Dictionary of Archivai Terminology, edited by the International Council on Archives. Differences of legal, administrative and archival theory and practice from one country to another (even within the same linguistic area) make it very difficult to give exact translations of many terms. Even the word archives does not have the same meaning in France, the United King-dom and the United States of America, — to quote just one example. The article calls the attention of the readers on some of these difficulties, gathered in the Dictionary.
Les Archives dans la décentralisation. Rapports et débats sur la question à l'étude de l'Association des archivistes français en 1985
Authors: Charnier Henri , Moyse Gérard
Published: March 2017

Archiv und Dezentralisierung.

Anlàsslich der Ingangsetzung der im Gesetz vom 22. Juli 1983 vorgesehenen Dezentralisierung der Archive der französischen Gebietsköperschaften hat die Französische Archivarsvereinigung im Laufe des Jahres 1985 eine ihr eigene Uberlegungangestellt, die in genau formulierte Vorschläge von Durchfuhrungsverordnungen zum Gesetze
Les activités culturelles des archives municipales
Authors: Delsalle Paul
Published: March 2017

The cultural activities of municipal archives.

The article first présents the predominantly cultural activities experimented in the Municipal Archives of Tourcoing (Nord). In the second part it outlines all the cultural activities of French municipal archives, as described in a nation-wide enquiry achieved in January 1986.
Les archives contemporaines ont-elles un avenir ?
Authors: Joly Bertrand
Published: March 2017

Haben die zeitgenössischen Archivbestände eine Zukunft vor sich ?

Wàhrend das zeitgenossische Archivgut allzu lange missachtet wurde, nimmt es heute in der Arbeit der Archivare einen-ubertrieben grossen Platz ein, der in keinem Verhältnis zum Zugebrachten steht. Die immer umfangreicheren Abgaben bieten kein grosses Interesse, und mangels geeigneter Mittel erweist sich ihre Ordnung als immer schwieriger. Unter diesen Umständen steht zu befürchten, dass die künftigen Historiker bei ihrer Quellenforschung dem Archivgut nur einen winzigen Platz einràumen und folglich ihr Verhalten allmählich durch den Vorrang archivfremder Urkundenquellen verzerrt wird. Da die Archivare keinen Einfluss auf das Problem der materiellen Mittel, fur das wahrscheinlich keinerlei Losung bevorsteht, haben, wäre es daher gut, wenn moglichst bald eine durchgreifende Vereinfachung der bei der Behandlung zeitgenössischen Archivgutes üblichen Verfahren in Kraft träte ; damit wird ein Neu-Überdenken mehrerer Prinzipien, deren Befolgung von nun an unmoglich wird, zur Notwendigkeit, und eine solche Verhaltensänderung gestattet, dem älteren Archivgut in Zukunft den ihm gebührenden hervorragenden Platz zurückzuerstatten.
Le projet Recosphire : l'expérience du Kreis de Schwarzwald-Baar à Villingen
Authors: Sturm Joachim
Published: March 2017

Joachim Sturm, The system Recosphire : the experience of the Schwarzwald-Baar Kreisarchiv at Villingen, Germany.

On the territory of the present Schwarzwald-Baar Kreis , an administrative subdivision of Baden-Wurttemberg, the Regional Archives manage no less than 80 repositories with a length of shelving of 3,000 linear metres. This is because German archives have never been centralised, and even repositories outside the Kreis keep many documents of great importance for its history. The author explains how a global automated system such as Recosphire can remedy these inconveniences.
L'architecture de papier
Authors: Le Couédic Daniel
Published: March 2017

Alain Droguet and Daniel Le Couédic, The archives of architects through the Breton example.

The archives of architects of the 20th. century have raised, in recent years, an interest which has led to the creation of specialised institutions for their treatment and development. The most recent of these is the society "Archives modernes d'architecture en Bretagne". Such new-comers work in cooperation with public archives institutions and act as complement to them, helping them in their very specialised field. Through the example of Brittany, the article describes the characteristics of those archives and the specific problems which they raise. It insists on the necessity of a voluntary policy in a field which has been too long neglected or confined to the architectural production of a few famous " masters
La conservation et la gestion des archives communales : étude des politiques mises en œuvre en France et perspectives pour le Pas-de-Calais
Authors: Maufroy William
Published: March 2017

William Maufroy, Conservation and management of municipal archives ; a study of the current policies in France and a view on the future in the departement of the Pas-de-Calais.

In France, the conservation and management of municipal archives are the responsibility of the " communes " (municipalities), under the scientific and technical control of the State. This control is exercised by the directors of the Départemental (i.e. provincial) Archives. In reality, however, most of the 36,000 French " communes " dedicate only a very small amount of resources to their archives. The directors of Départemental Archives have not time enough to exercise an actual control on the municipalities so that they ensure an adequate management of their archives. About ten French departements have therefore created posts of " intercommunal archivists ", whose function is (1) to visit the " communes " in order to evaluate the situation of their archives, and (2) to train the personnel of the municipalities on the management, arrangement and description of these archives, under the authority of the director of the Departemental Archives. The author studies the possible adaptation of this system in the departement of Pas-de-Calais, which is caracterised by a numerous population (1,400,000 inhabitants) and a number of " communes " (898) too great for the director of the Departemental Archives to be able to control each of them efficaciously.
Les archives du Sceau
Authors: Dainville-Barbiche Ségolène de
Published: March 2017

Das Archivgut der Abteilung «du Sceau ».

Nach einer kurzen Einführung hinsichtlich der Ursprünge des «service du Sceau » — welches dem Justizministerium untersteht und für Staatsangehörigkeits-sowie Einbürgerungsangelegenheiten zuständig ist — behandelt der Autor die verschiedenen Aufgaben dieser Abteilung, sowie die einschlägige Gesetzgebung vom 19. Jahrhundert bis in unsere Tage. Darüber hinaus wird die Typologie dieses Archivgutes aufgestellt und dessen derzeitige Lagerung sowie bestehende Suchhilfen beschrieben. Abschließend werden Vorlage-und Konservierungsprobleme einer wesentlichen Quelle — namentlich im Zusammenhang mit der Geschichte der Integration von Ausländern in Frankreich — aufgeworfen.
Les inventaires du Trésor des chartes et de la Chambre des comptes de Paris à l'époque moderne
Authors: Cavillon Céline
Published: March 2017

The finding aids of the Trésor des Chartes and of the Chambre des Comptes

of Paris.

The Trésor des Chartes and the archives of the Chambre des Comptes of Paris are among the most important fonds of the French Archives nationales prior to 1789. They have received, as early as the Ancien Régime period, many finding aids, the origin and structure of which are studied here. For the Trésor des Chartes, it is difficult, even impossible, to find a general principle which would give a certain coherence to the various finding aids that were created since the 14th. century. On the other hand, the finding aids of the archives of the Chambre des Comptes, the earlier ones of which go back to the 16th century, have many features in common, among them alphabetical lists of place and people's names.
Archives intermédiaires, «archives administratives », archives historiques : réflexions d'un archiviste bancaire
Authors: Nougaret Roger
Published: March 2017

La gestion des archives du Crédit lyonnais, comme de celles d'autres grandes banques françaises, sépare hermétiquement les archives dites «administratives » des archives historiques. Les premières mobilisent des compétences purement organisationnelles quand la responsabilité des secondes ancre l'archiviste dans le camp de l'histoire. Ce système amène à s'interroger sur l'efficacité du tableau de gestion pour la détection des archives historiques et sur la pertinence du bordereau de versement comme instrument de recherche au-delà du pré-archivage. La responsabilité de l'archiviste doit fondamentalement demeurer dans la transmission au moindre coût d'un patrimoine documentaire rigoureusement analysé.
La gestion des archives intermédiaires dans les archives départementales
Authors: Cleyet-Michaud Rosine
Published: March 2017

Rosine Cleyet-Michaud, Die Verwaltung der Zwischenarchive in den Archiven der Départements.

Die Verwaltung der staatlichen Zwischenarchive aud Departementsebene muss Hand in Hand gehen mit einer Neudefinierung der jeweiligen Mittel, und zwar der juristischen (Statuten dieser Archive, Zuständigkeitsgebiete der beauftragten Beamten und Angestellten), der finanziellen (Staatsinvestitionen), und der personellen (Auswahl der spezialisierten Mitarbeiter).
Quelques notions pour la conservation des images fixes
Authors: Lavédrine Bertrand
Published: March 2017

La conservation, la restauration et l'exposition des images fixes ne peuvent s'envisager qu'après avoir étudié de façon poussée la nature des support, le liant et le matériau qui forme l'image. À l'aide de tableaux, l'auteur rappelle les conseils fondamentaux et les normes qui permettent de prolonger la stabilité des images lors de leur stockage ou de leur exploitation.
Le droit d'auteur et les usages en matière de photographie
Authors: Dieuzeide Geneviève
Published: March 2017

La propriété des supports photographique ne suffit pas à permettre l'utilisation des photographies, celle-ci étant soumise à des règles relevant du droit d'auteur et du droit des tiers. L'auteur, chef jusqu'en 1997 du Service iconographique de la Documentation française dépendant du Premier ministre de la France, fait état des principales difficultés que doivent reconnaître et résoudre les responsables de collections ou de fonds de photographies. Au passage, elle indique des solutions que lui a inspirées son expérience. Ses conseils, s'il fallait les résumer, tiendraient dans la formule, «mieux vaut prévoir et prévenir que guérir ».
Reims. Pourquoi, comment
Authors: Dhérent Catherine
Published: March 2017

Die Maison de la Mémoire de la Ve République in Reims ist ein Projekt, welches 1994 von einem interministeriellen Comité beschlossen wurde und von Anfang an eine Reihe von Fragen bzw. Kritiken -auch bei den Archivaren selbst -ausgelöst hat. Nach Erläuterung der Kriterien, welche dieser Wahl im Hinblick auf Inhalt und Standort zugrunde liegen, werden die innovierenden Methoden dargestellt, die sie rechtfertigen, und zwar sowohl hinsichtlich der wirtschaftlichen Vertretbarkeit als auch der Benutzerfreundlichkeit.
Les difficultés de l'intercommunalité culturelle
Authors: Perret Jacques
Published: March 2017

«Beyond voluntaristic stances, asserting the cultural competence of a state-owned company remains a difficult process, because of the symbolism attached to cultural funding, especially if it implies creating a facility. Each local context is to be taken separately and requires an excellent knowledge of social and political contingencies in a given place by the professionals. »
Le classement des archives de personnes et de familles
Authors: Ducrot Ariane
Published: March 2017

The arrangement of Personal and family archives.

Does this arrangement follow special standards, different from those applied to public archives ? Does the principle of provenance, contested for public archives, still work for these fonds ? What particular policy must be defined for private archives, for this arrangement method to be fully effective ? The article présents an overview of the general and particular rules for the various categories of private archives.
Papiers d'érudits
Authors: Brochier André
Published: March 2017

Gelehrtenbestände sind zumeist ein Ergebnis individueller Praktiken, welche sich unabhängig von jeglicher Institution entwickeln und ebensoviele Einzelfalle darstellen, wie es Bestände gibt. Die Anwendung einiger methodologischen Grundregeln erlaubt es jedoch, einen kohärenten Aktenplan anzulegen, der in den meisten Fällen den jeweiligen Entstehungs-und Benutzungsbe-dingungen gerecht wird.
Réflexions pratiques sur l'usage d'un nouveau bâtiment d'archives communales
Authors: Coppin Frédérique
Published: March 2017

Compte tenu de sa mission d'accueil du public, l'aménagement d'un service d'archives revêt un caractère stratégique. Dans l'implantation, tout comme dans les agencements intérieurs, les choix doivent être rationnels en terme de circulation et favorables au confort des usagers. L'installation des Archives municipales de Tourcoing dans de nouveaux locaux, depuis quelques années, a permis une réflexion sur la fonctionnalité des espaces destinés au public et des suggestions d'ordre pratique.
Généalogistes et archivistes : une relation adulte ?
Authors: Beaucarnot Jean-Louis
Published: March 2017

Um ein Zustand der Verhältnisse zwischen Ahnenforscher und Archivare mittels einer Untersuchung ersucht, stellt Jean-Louis Beaucarnot eine global positive Bilanz, aber nicht ohne einigen fraglichen Punkten, vor. Oftmaliges Fehlen von Wendigkeit und Anpassung und hauptsâchlich zu grosse und zu starkeVerschiedenheiten der Ordnungen der Territorialarchiven bleiben die Haupt-bremsen für ein Dialog, dass sich aufbauend anlässt.
Pour une revitalisation des services éducatifs
Authors: Neuschwander Isabelle
Published: March 2017

Dès leur création en 1949, les services éducatifs des archives ont joué un rôle pionnier en matière d'action pédagogique en milieu culturel. Après avoir bénéficié durant cinquante ans d'une expansion importante qui leur a assuré une très bonne implantation locale, ils doivent aujourd'hui faire face à un certain tassement de la fréquentation, à la mutation du contexte culturel et pédagogique et à une nouvelle demande sociale. Une réflexion sur les missions et l'insertion des services éducatifs dans les archives, la mise en place d'outils de développement, tels que les conventionnements et les partenariats, l'utilisation d'outils pédagogiques novateurs sont autant de moyens pour affirmer le rôle tout à fait majeur que les services d'archives ont à jouer dans la formation des jeunes citoyens et dans le domaine de la démocratisation culturelle.
Nouveaux emplois, nouvelles approches
Authors: Mignacco Anne-Marie
Published: March 2017

Les Archives communales, bien intégrées au sein d'une ville de moyenne importance, disposent d'atouts privilégiés : richesse des fonds, connaissance approfondie de son histoire récente et de l'évolution des lieux, proximité des personnes. Elles peuvent mener des actions de valorisation auprès des publics les plus variés à condition de disposer d'un personnel dédié à celles-ci. Le dispositif des emplois jeunes en a fourni les moyens tout en permettant d'enrichir les fonds d'archives orales et audiovisuelles, souvent délaissées faute de temps.
Les expositions d'archives : prétexte ou paradoxe ?
Authors: Sentilhes Armelle
Published: March 2017

Exposer des archives relève du défi : le nombre d'expositions présentées par les différents centres d'archives nationales et territoriales ne cesse pourtant de croître depuis un demi-siècle. C'est ainsi en effet que les archivistes témoignent de leur vocation de «passeurs » : l'exposition est un moyen privilégié pour faire comprendre l'altérité des sociétés passées, encore faut-il que sa thématique s'appuie sur une problématique charpentée et que la mise en scène des documents favorise la délectation du public pour mieux stimuler sa curiosité et ses interrogations.
Aide mémoire(s), les Archives de Lyon s'engagent
Authors: Vuillet Tristan
Published: March 2017

Avec la signature d'une charte de coopération culturelle, dans le cadre du volet culture du contrat de ville, les vingt institutions lyonnaises, dont les Archives municipales, se sont engagées à développer une politique culturelle ouverte à la démocratie, au développement, à la solidarité et pour une politique de rénovation urbaine nourrie de culture et d'art et inscrite dans le développement de la cité. Au sein de ce vaste ensemble, un réseau de pôles muséaux associés s'est structuré autour du Musée historique de la ville de Lyon, des Archives municipales et des porteurs de projets associatifs, avec pour volonté de développer des synergies avec les structures travaillant sur les mémoires, les identités et les patrimoines urbains à Lyon. Avec ce réseau, les deux services de la Ville se sont unis pour conseiller les porteurs de projets travaillant sur ces thématiques et sont en train de mettre en place une collaboration visant une conservation et une accessibilité partagées des productions issues de ces projets.
L'apport de l'Association des archivistes français à l' archivistique : 70 ans de Gazette des Archivistes
Authors: Nougaret Christine
Published: March 2017

En 2004, l'Association des archivistes français a fêté son centenaire. Il a paru utile, pour célébrer cet événement, de tenter d'évaluer l'apport de l'association à l'archivistique, à travers la plus emblématique de ses réalisations, La Gazette des archives. Créée en 1933, La Gazette s'est affirmée, en 214 numéros, comme la revue française d'archivistique, lieu d'échange amical et professionnel, mais aussi de réflexion archivistique théorique et pratique. Ouverte sur le monde, elle a fait connaître à l'étranger la doctrine française des archives et diffusé auprès des archivistes français les avancées de l'archivistique internationale. Elle traverse depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt-dix une crise de croissance à l'issue incertaine.
Le Paraguay : la terreur racontée par elle-même
Authors: Solis Azuaga Gabriela
Published: March 2017

Le Paraguay : la terreur racontée par elle-même.

Gabriela Solís Azuaga présente dans cet article son témoignage vécu du stronisme, régime despotique du général Stroessner que le Paraguay a subi pendant 35 ans. Après avoir présenté brièvement le Paraguay et son histoire, l’auteur tente de définir ce régime, atypique à plus d’un titre. La découverte en 1992 des archives de la police politique du stronisme, archives dites de la terreur, a permis à certaines familles de connaître la vérité sur le sort de leurs disparus et d’obtenir justice. Mais l’intérêt de ce fonds dépasse le cadre national puisqu’on y trouve les fichiers et dossiers de l’Opération Condor qui concernent les pays d’Amérique latine impliqués dans ce plan coordonné de répression. L’auteur conclut en constatant que le temps du travail de mémoire n’est pas encore arrivé au Paraguay, alors que la compréhension du passé permettrait de résoudre les difficultés auxquelles il est toujours confronté.
Les archives de la défense des droits humains en Amérique latine : Chili, Argentine, Pérou
Authors: Pérotin Dumon Anne
Published: March 2017

Cet article explique l’émergence, les caractères et la valeur d’un ensemble documentaire propre au XXe siècle, tel qu’il se constitue en Amérique latine lorsque des organismes de défense des droits de l’Homme surgissent de la société civile pour défendre les victimes et dénoncer, au plan du droit, les graves infractions qui sont commises, dans les pays en proie à la violence politique. Son propos est centré sur trois pays où ce mouvement s’est particulièrement illustré. Il rappelle d’abord dans quelles circonstances associations de victimes, mouvements militant pour la cause des droits humains et organisations non gouvernementales apparaissent. Sont ensuite examinées leurs formes d’organisation et d’action, et les deux grandes catégories de documents qu’ils produisent – d’investigation et de communication – découlant de leurs deux fonctions – défendre et dénoncer. Enfin comment, avec la transition démocratique, leurs documents acquièrent un statut d’archives proprement dit et sont utilisés comme preuves avant de susciter, depuis peu, un intérêt comme patrimoine.
Un précieux gâchis : les archives du procès Milosevic
Authors: Hubrecht Joël
Published: March 2017

Alors qu’il touchait à sa fin, le procès de l’ex-président serbe devant le Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY) a été interrompu par la mort de l’accusé, privant victimes et juges du verdict final. En l’absence de dénouement judiciaire, les archives du procès revêtent donc une importance particulière. L’auteur en décrit la composition, la conservation et l’exploitation et il s’interroge sur l’impact qu’on peut en attendre dans la construction de la mémoire collective et dans la transition démocratique des sociétés concernées par ses crimes. Il explique que l’enjeu n’est pas seulement la sauvegarde de la mémoire des années 90 mais celle de tous les conflits qu’a connus la région des Balkans au XXème siècle. Cette réappropriation globale de la mémoire est d’autant plus nécessaire que les générations n’ont connu qu’une histoire nationale réécrite et que le rapport à la «vérité des faits » est profondément altéré. C’est pourquoi il est crucial de développer une politique de conservation et d’exploitation des archives du TPIY qui soit suffisamment exemplaire pour restaurer cette confiance perdue. C’est aux juristes et aux historiens qu’il appartient d’exploiter et de valoriser au mieux le fonds d’archives de ce procès inachevé, afin de montrer que ce qui pourrait apparaître comme un gâchis est en réalité un bien très précieux.
Formes de reliefs pseudokarstiques sur Mars
Authors: Battistini René
Published: March 2017

Mars présente une grande richesse de formes qui rappellent celles des karsts de la Terre. Les conditions de formation de ces formes, souvent de très grande dimension, sont probablement différentes, dans la plupart des cas, de celles des formes terrestres correspondantes. La possibilité d'un karst profond est évoquée.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for Smilax sieboldii (Smilacaceae)
Authors: Ru Yalu , Cheng Ruijing , Shang Jing , Zhao Yunpeng , Li Pan , Fu Chengxin
Published: March 2017

Premise of the study:

Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Smilax sieboldii (Smilacaceae), a member of the S. hispida group with a biogeographic disjunction between eastern Asia and North America, to study the phylogeography and incipient speciation of this species and its close relatives.

Methods and Results:

Transcriptome sequencing produced 47,628 unigenes. Seventeen loci were developed from 122 randomly selected primer pairs. Polymorphism and genetic variation were evaluated for 68 accessions representing five populations of S. sieboldii. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 18; the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.59 to 0.92. Twelve loci were successfully amplified in five related species: S. scobinicaulis, S. californica, S. hispida, S. moranensis, and S. jalapensis.

Conclusions:

These novel expressed sequence tag–derived microsatellite markers will facilitate further population genetic research of S. sieboldii and its close allies of the S. hispida group.