bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of arterial and venous blood gas analysis in respiratory failure in children
Authors: Lawang Sitti Aizah , Jayaganda Idham , Indrawati Gracia Dewi , Maulani Destya
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Arterial and venous blood gases provide similar and very close measurements in terms of PH, pCO2, HCO3, pO2 levels. The study aims to investigate correlation of arterial and venous blood gas analysis in respiratory failure caused by pneumonia in children.

Methods

This cross-sectional study employed a consecutive sampling method from pediatric patients experiencing respiratory failure. Point of Care (POCT) was used to examine blood gas analysis.

Result

There was no significant difference between pH artery and venous with p = 0,232 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -14.628-59,488). The Mean difference between arterial and venous pH was 0,22 with a strong Spearman correlation of 0,643 (p < 0,001). There was a significant difference between arterial and venous pCO2 with p = 0,022 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -8,7- (− 0,69)). The mean difference between arterial and venous pCO2 was 4,69 with a moderate Spearman correlation of 0,485 (p < 0,001). There was no significant difference between arterial and venous HCO3 with p = 0,38. The Mean difference between arterial and venous HCO3 was 3,1 with a very strong Spearman correlation of 0,848 (p < 0,001). There was a very significant difference between arterial and venous pO2 with p < 0,001. The Mean difference between arterial and venous pO2 was 27,4 with a weak Spearman correlation of 0,17 (p = 0,117).

Conclusion

There was strong correlation between arterial and venous pH, a moderate correlation between arterial and venous pCO2, a very strong correlation between arterial and venous HCO3 and a very weak correlation between arterial and venous pO2 using POCT.
Validity and reproducibility of the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) against a four-day food diary in adults at risk of cardiovascular disease on the island of Ireland
Authors: Brennan Sarah F. , Finlay Rebecca , Ferrari Marina , Cardwell Chris R. , Brennan Lorraine , Woodside Jayne V.
Published: August 2024

There is an increasing need for valid, rapid diet screening tools. A significant association between the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated in the US but evidence of its use in Europe is lacking. The aim of this study was to amend the PDQS for a UK/Irish population and determine validity and reliability in those at risk of CVD. Participants were recruited via online adverts across the island of Ireland. The PDQS was amended for a UK/Irish population and participants completed PDQS and reference measure (4-day food diary (FD)) on two occasions. PDQS score was calculated directly from PDQS and indirectly from FDs. Validity was determined using Spearman correlation coefficients (SCCs) (r), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and weighted kappa. Reliability was determined using SCCs (r), ICCs, weighted kappa and coefficient of variation.

‘Data were available for n = 115 (Month 0) and n = 108 (Month 3) participants for validity and n = 110 for reliability assessment (PDQS completed at both timepoints)’. PDQS score from PDQS was significantly correlated with PDQS score from FDs at months 0 (r = 0.59, P < 0.01) and 3 (r = 0.65, P < 0.01), with similar associations observed via ICCs. Weighted kappa indicated moderate agreement. PDQS score at month 0 was significantly correlated with PDQS score at month 3 (r = 0.78, P < 0.01), with similar associations observed via ICCs. Weighted kappa indicated moderate agreement. Results indicate that the amended PDQS is a valid and reliable tool to determine diet quality in a UK/Irish population at risk of CVD.
Association between diet quality during pregnancy of mothers and that of 3-year-old offspring: a prospective hospital-based birth cohort study
Authors: Tada Yuki , Ishitsuka Kazue , Piedvache Aurélie , Tanaka Hisako , Ogawa Kohei , Kobayashi Minatsu , Horikawa Reiko , Fujiwara Takeo , Morisaki Naho
Published: August 2024

Children’s eating habits are established early in life and parents play a major role therein. Pregnancy is a teachable moment for the promotion of healthy eating because many women are concerned about their babies’ health and have frequent contact with healthcare providers. We aimed to investigate the association between diet quality during pregnancy and the offspring. A total of 691 sets of data on pregnant mothers and their 3-year-old offspring were obtained from the Seiiku Boshi cohort study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire for mothers in mid-to-late pregnancy and a validated diet history questionnaire for Japanese preschool children at the 36-month checkup. Diet quality was scored using the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top. Maternal diet quality score was categorised into quartiles, and the association between offspring and maternal diet quality score, adjusted for socioeconomic factors, was assessed using multiple linear regression. The total offspring diet quality score showed a linear trend with the maternal diet quality score (the mean increments (confidential intervals) for each quartile were –0.12 (–1.32–1.08), 1.54 (0.34–2.73), and 1.22 (0.03–2.42)). In particular, offspring vegetable dishes scored higher in all quartiles of maternal vegetable dish scores than in the lowest quartile (0.69 (0.21–1.17), 0.97 (0.50–1.45), and 1.36 (0.88–1.83)). A high diet quality score during pregnancy was positively associated with that of offspring, suggesting the importance of nutritional education in pregnant women to improve their diet quality.
Elite Cues and Noncompliance
Authors: DICKSON ZACHARY P. , HOBOLT SARA B.
Published: August 2024

Political leaders increasingly use social media to speak directly to voters, but the extent to which elite cues shape offline political behavior remains unclear. In this article, we study the effects of elite cues on noncompliant behavior, focusing on a series of controversial tweets sent by US President Donald Trump calling for the “liberation” of Minnesota, Virginia, and Michigan from state and local government COVID-19 restrictions. Leveraging the fact that Trump’s messages exclusively referred to three specific US states, we adopt a generalized difference-in-differences design relying on spatial variation to identify the causal effects of the targeted cues. Our analysis shows that the President’s messages led to an increase in movement, a decrease in adherence to stay-at-home restrictions, and an increase in arrests of white Americans for crimes related to civil disobedience and rebellion. These findings demonstrate the consequences of elite cues in polarized environments.
Smells Like an Exoplanet
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen sulfide, spotted in the atmosphere of the exoplanet HD 189733 b, helps constrain how the planet formed.
A high-density linkage map reveals broad- and fine-scale sex differences in recombination in the hihi (stitchbird; Notiomystis cincta)
Authors: Tan Hui Zhen , Scherer Phoebe , Stuart Katarina C. , Bailey Sarah , Lee Kate D. , Brekke Patricia , Ewen John G. , Whibley Annabel , Santure Anna W.
Published: August 2024

Recombination, the process of DNA exchange between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, plays a major role in genomic diversity and evolutionary change. Variation in recombination rate is widespread despite recombination often being essential for progression of meiosis. One such variation is heterochiasmy, where recombination rates differ between sexes. Heterochiasmy has been observed across broad taxonomic groups, yet it remains an evolutionary enigma. We used Lep-MAP3, a pedigree-based software that is efficient in handling large datasets, to generate linkage maps for the hihi or stitchbird (Notiomystis cincta), utilising information from >36 K SNPs and 36 families. We constructed 29 linkage maps, including for the previously unscaffolded Z chromosome. The hihi is an endangered passerine endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand that is sexually dimorphic and exhibits high levels of sexual conflict, including sperm competition. Patterns in recombination in the hihi are consistent with those in other birds, including higher recombination rates in micro-chromosomes. Heterochiasmy in the hihi is male-biased, in line with predictions of the Haldane-Huxley rule, with the male linkage map being 15% longer. Micro-chromosomes exhibit heterochiasmy to a greater extent, contrary to that reported in other birds. At the intra-chromosomal level, heterochiasmy is higher nearer to chromosome ends and in gene-rich regions. Regions of extreme heterochiasmy are enriched for genes implicated in cell structure. This study adds an important contribution in assessing evolutionary theories of heterochiasmy and provides a framework for future studies investigating fine-scale heterochiasmy.
Factors influencing the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone in hypertensive patients: a pooled analysis of five clinical studies on different comorbidities
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Katsuya Tomohiro , Wada Jun , Motoki Hirohiko , Kuwahara Koichiro , Tsujita Kenichi , Taguchi Takashi , Tanabe Ayumi , Shimosawa Tatsuo
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to identify factors associated with a strong home blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of esaxerenone and the incidence of elevated serum potassium levels in hypertensive patients treated with esaxerenone. A pooled analysis of five multicenter, prospective, open-label single-arm studies was conducted, including 479 patients in the full analysis set (FAS) and 492 patients in the safety analysis set. Multivariate linear regression analysis of morning home systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) changes from baseline to Week 12 in the FAS (primary endpoint) showed that male sex (estimated change 4.37 mmHg), office pulse rate ≥100 beats/min (25.10 mmHg), and calcium channel blocker (CCB) use as a basal antihypertensive agent (4.53 mmHg) were significantly associated with a positive estimated change (weaker BP-lowering effect) in morning home SBP. CCB use (3.70 mmHg) was associated with a positive estimated change in morning home DBP. Urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio 30 to <300 mg/gCr (−4.13 mmHg) was significantly associated with a negative estimated change (stronger BP-lowering effect) in morning home SBP. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, elevated baseline serum potassium level (≥4.5 vs < 4.5 mEq/L, odds ratio 13.502) was significantly associated with a high incidence of serum potassium level ≥5.5 mEq/L after esaxerenone treatment. In conclusion, factors associated with a strong BP-lowering effect of esaxerenone were female sex and use of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors as a basal antihypertensive drug. Patients with baseline serum potassium levels ≥4.5 mEq/L had an increased risk of developing elevated serum potassium levels (≥5.5 mEq/L) after esaxerenone treatment.
Thermal management towards ultra-bright and stable perovskite nanocrystal-based pure red light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Hongjin , Zhu Xiaofang , Zhang Dingshuo , Gao Yun , Feng Yifeng , Ma Zichao , Huang Jingyun , He Haiping , Ye Zhizhen , Dai Xingliang
Published: August 2024

Despite the promising candidacy of perovskite nanocrystals for light-emitting diodes, their pure red electroluminescence is hindered by low saturated luminance, severe external quantum efficiency roll-off, and inferior operational stability. Here, we report ultra-bright and stable pure red light-emitting diodes by manipulating Joule heat generation in the nanocrystal emissive layer and thermal management within the device. Diphenylphosphoryl azide-mediated regulation of the nanocrystal surface synergistically enhances the optical properties and carrier transport of the emissive layer, enabling reduced Joule heat generation and thus lowering the working temperature. These merits inhibit ion migration of the CsPb(Br/I)3 nanocrystal film, promising excellent spectra stability. Combined with the highly thermal-conductive sapphire substrates and implementation of pulse-driving mode, the pure red light-emitting diodes exhibit an ultra-bright luminance of 390,000 cd m−2, a peak external quantum efficiency of 25%, suppressed efficiency roll-off, an operational half-life of 20 hours, and superior spectral stability within 15 A cm−2.
Lipid droplet-associated hydrolase mobilizes stores of liver X receptor sterol ligands and protects against atherosclerosis
Authors: Goo Young-Hwa , Plakkal Ayyappan Janeesh , Cheeran Francis D. , Bangru Sushant , Saha Pradip K. , Baar Paula , Schulz Sabine , Lydic Todd A. , Spengler Bernhard , Wagner Andreas H. , Kalsotra Auinash , Yechoor Vijay K. , Paul Antoni
Published: August 2024

Foam cells in atheroma are engorged with lipid droplets (LDs) that contain esters of regulatory lipids whose metabolism remains poorly understood. LD-associated hydrolase (LDAH) has a lipase structure and high affinity for LDs of foam cells. Using knockout and transgenic mice of both sexes, here we show that LDAH inhibits atherosclerosis development and promotes stable lesion architectures. Broad and targeted lipidomic analyzes of primary macrophages and comparative lipid profiling of atheroma identified a broad impact of LDAH on esterified sterols, including natural liver X receptor (LXR) sterol ligands. Transcriptomic analyzes coupled with rescue experiments show that LDAH modulates the expression of prototypical LXR targets and leads macrophages to a less inflammatory phenotype with a profibrotic gene signature. These studies underscore the role of LDs as reservoirs and metabolic hubs of bioactive lipids, and suggest that LDAH favorably modulates macrophage activation and protects against atherosclerosis via lipolytic mobilization of regulatory sterols.
The traditional Chinese medicine Qiliqiangxin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Cheang Iokfai , Yao Wenming , Zhou Yanli , Zhu Xu , Ni Gehui , Lu Xinyi , Liao Shengen , Gao Rongrong , Zhou Fang , Shen Jiangang , Leung Alice Yeuk Lan , Jiang Meng , Kong Hong , Bai Ling , Mahemuti Ailiman , Yuan Haitao , Dong Yu-Gang , Wong Chun-Ka , Xu Qinghua , Zhang Gaoxing , Wu Jianhua , Lu Qi , Zhang Junhai , Cha Chunxi , Ren Qian , Fu Lu , Wang Bing , Xu Yongshun , Hu Houxiang , Dong Jing , Shang Zhuo , Yu Chaoping , Li Songsen , Yao Chen , Gao Lingling , Zhang Haifeng , Rosenzweig Anthony , Jia Zhenhua , Li Xinli ,   QUEST Trial Committees and Investigators
Published: August 2024

Previous findings have indicated the potential benefits of the Chinese traditional medicine Qiliqiangxin (QLQX) in heart failure. Here we performed a double-blind, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of QLQX in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This multicenter trial, conducted in 133 hospitals in China, enrolled 3,110 patients with HFrEF with NT-proBNP levels of ≥450 pg ml−1 and left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤40%. Participants were randomized to receive either QLQX capsules or placebo (four capsules three times daily) alongside standard heart failure therapy. The trial met its primary outcome, which was a composite of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death: over a median follow-up of 18.3 months, the primary outcome occurred in 389 patients (25.02%) in the QLQX group and 467 patients (30.03%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio (HR), 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68−0.90; P < 0.001). In an analysis of secondary outcomes, the QLQX group showed reductions in both hospitalization for heart failure (15.63% versus 19.16%; HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64−0.90; P = 0.002) and cardiovascular death (13.31% versus 15.95%; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68−0.996; P = 0.045) compared to the placebo group. All-cause mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70−1.01; P = 0.058) and adverse events were also comparable between the groups. The results of this trial indicate that QLQX may improve clinical outcomes in patients with HFrEF when added to conventional therapy. ChiCTR registration: ChiCTR1900021929.
Prevalent and new use of common drugs for the incidence of community-acquired acute kidney injury: cohort and case-crossover study
Authors: Kimachi Miho , Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi , Fukuma Shingo
Published: August 2024

Although community-acquired acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) represents a significant subset of all AKI incidence, evidence is limited due to the lack of comprehensive data prior to diagnosis. Here, we examined the risk of drug use for CA-AKI by using exhaustive pre-diagnostic prescription data. We included 78,754 working-age healthy individuals who underwent an annual health checkup program. We conducted a cohort study to assess the association between prevalent drug use and subsequent CA-AKI incidence using the Cox proportional hazard model. Subsequently, we conducted a case-crossover study to compare the new drug use in the case period directly before the CA-AKI incidence (− 3 to 0 months) with that in the control period far before the CA-AKI incidence (− 15 to − 12 months and − 9 to − 6 months) using the conditional Poisson regression model. The prevalent use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors was associated with an increased CA-AKI incidence, but the new use was not. The new use of diuretics, anti-infectious drugs, and contrast medium was also associated with an increased CA-AKI incidence. These results suggest we need to pay attention for the incidence of AKI among the general population taking those common drugs.
Latitudinal gradients in the phylogenetic assembly of angiosperms in Asia during the Holocene
Authors: Bhatta Kuber P. , Mottl Ondřej , Felde Vivian A. , Grytnes John-Arvid , Reitalu Triin , Birks Hilary H. , Birks H. John B. , Vetaas Ole R.
Published: August 2024

Spatio-temporal assessment of phylogenetic diversity gradients during the Holocene (past 12,000 years) provides an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the dynamics of species co-occurrence patterns under environmental fluctuations. Using two robust metrics of phylogenetic dispersion (PD) and 99 fossil pollen sequences containing 6557 samples/assemblages, we analyse spatio-temporal variation in PD of angiosperms and its relationship with Holocene climate in central Asia. Overall, PD throughout the Holocene decreases linearly with increasing latitude, except for a rise in mean nearest taxon distance from ca. 25 to 35° N. This indicates that phylogenetically divergent taxa decrease progressively with increasing latitude, leaving more phylogenetically closely related taxa in the assemblages, thereby increasing phylogenetic relatedness among the co-occurring taxa. The latitudinal gradient of PD has not been consistent during the Holocene, and this temporal variation is concordant with the Holocene climate dynamics. In general, profound temporal changes in the latitudinal PD toward higher latitudes implies that the major environmental changes during the Holocene have driven considerable spatio-temporal changes in the phylogenetic assembly of high-latitude angiosperm assemblages. Our results suggest that environmental filtering and the tendency of taxa and lineages to retain ancestral ecological features and geographic distributions (phylogenetic niche conservatism) are the main mechanisms underlying the phylogenetic assembly of angiosperms along the climate-latitudinal gradient. Ongoing environmental changes may pose future profound phylogenetic changes in high-latitude plant assemblages, which are adapted to harsh environmental conditions, and therefore are phylogenetically less dispersed (more conservative or clustered).
Gastrocnemius electrical stimulation increases ankle dorsiflexion strength in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-COV-2 (PASC): a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Myeounggon , Zulbaran-Rojas Alejandro , Bargas-Ochoa Miguel , Martinez-Leal Bernardo , Bara Rasha , Flores-Camargo Areli , Finco M. G. , Mishra Ram kinker , Beom Jaewon , Modi Dipaben , Shaib Fidaa , Najafi Bijan
Published: August 2024

Post-Acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is a multisystem disorder causing persistent musculoskeletal deconditioning and reduced lower extremity strength. Electrical stimulation (E-Stim) to the gastrocnemius muscle can enhance strength outcomes by increasing the frequency of muscle fiber activation. We investigated its effect on individuals with PASC. Participants were randomized into intervention (IG) or control (CG) groups. The IG self-administered daily one-hour E-Stim to both their gastrocnemius muscles using a functional device over 4-week, while the CG used a sham device. Primary outcomes were ankle dorsiflexion strength assessed via dynamometry during maximum voluntary contractions, and gastrocnemius voluntary activation (GVA) via surface electromyography. The secondary outcome assessed activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, and mobility queries. Percentage improvement was calculated. Eighteen patients were analyzed (IG = 10; CG = 8). After 4 week, the IG showed a significantly higher improvement in ankle dorsiflexion strength (222.64%) compared to the CG (51.27%,p = 0.002). Additionally, the IG’s ankle dorsiflexion strength improvement significantly correlated with GVA improvement (rho = 0.782) at 4 week. The secondary outcomes did not reveal significant changes in neither group. Self-administered gastrocnemius E-Stim improves ankle dorsiflexion strength in individuals with PASC. However, larger sample sizes and longer interventions are needed to validate these findings.
Psilocybin-assisted therapy and HIV-related shame
Authors: Mehtani Nicky J. , Johnson Mallory O. , Hendricks Peter S. , Mitchell Jennifer , Anderson Brian T.
Published: August 2024

As a proposed mediator between stigma-related stressors and negative mental health outcomes, HIV-related shame has been predictive of increased rates of substance use and difficulties adhering to antiretroviral treatment among people with HIV. These downstream manifestations have ultimately impeded progress toward national goals to End the HIV Epidemic, in part due to limited success of conventional psychotherapies in addressing HIV-related shame. In a pilot clinical trial (N = 12), receipt of psilocybin-assisted group therapy was associated with a large pre-post decrease in HIV-related shame as measured by the HIV and Abuse Related Shame Inventory, with a median (IQR) change of − 5.5 (− 6.5, − 3.5) points from baseline to 3-months follow-up (Z = − 2.6, p = 0.009, r = − 0.75). A paradoxical exacerbation of sexual abuse-related shame experienced by two participants following receipt of psilocybin raises critical questions regarding the use of psilocybin therapy among patients with trauma. These preliminary findings carry potential significance for the future of HIV care.
Online communities come with real-world consequences for individuals and societies
Authors: Oksanen Atte , Celuch Magdalena , Oksa Reetta , Savolainen Iina
Published: August 2024

Online communities have become a central part of the internet. Understanding what motivates users to join these communities, and how they affect them and others, spans various psychological domains, including organizational psychology, political and social psychology, and clinical and health psychology. We focus on online communities that are exemplary for three domains: work, hate, and addictions. We review the risks that emerge from these online communities but also recognize the opportunities that work and behavioral addiction communities present for groups and individuals. With the continued evolution of online spheres, online communities are likely to have an increasingly significant role in all spheres of life, ranging from personal to professional and from individual to societal. Psychological research provides critical insights into understanding the formation of online communities, and the implications for individuals and society. To counteract risks, it needs to identify opportunities for prevention and support.
Senecavirus cetus a novel picornavirus isolated from cetaceans represents a major host switching to the marine environment
Authors: Vernygora Oksana , Sullivan Daniel , Nielsen Ole , Huntington Kathleen Burek , Rouse Natalie , Popov Vsevolod L. , Lung Oliver
Published: August 2024

Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging virus that causes vesicular disease in swine, was, until recently, the only member of the Senecavirus genus (Picornaviridae). Here, we report the isolation and complete genome sequence of two isolates of cetacean picornavirus 1 (Senecavirus cetus), a novel picornavirus species of the Senecavirus genus from dead stranded cetaceans from Alaska. One isolate was from a harbor porpoise stranded in 2017, and another from a beluga whale, stranded in 2019. Whole-genome sequencing of Senecavirus cetus strains showed a genome-wide nucleotide identity of 98.8% and a genome size of 7455 nucleotides. The Senecavirus cetus genomes are most similar to SVA with a 58.3% genome-wide pairwise nucleotide identity. Infection of eleven available cell lines from terrestrial and aquatic animals showed that beluga and sheep cells were susceptible to infection by Senecavirus cetus. Phylogenetic and ancestral state reconstruction analyses supported the novel virus being a member of the Senecavirus genus and provided the first evidence of Senecavirus-like picornavirus infecting marine mammals and likely descending from a terrestrial host ancestor. These discoveries provided important information on the evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of picornaviruses and increased our understanding of the genomic characteristics and potential host range of Senecavirus cetus.
Noncollinear spin texture-driven torque in deterministic spin–orbit torque-induced magnetization switching
Authors: An Suhyeok , Seo Hyeong-Joo , Kim Dongryul , Lee Ki-Seung , Baek Eunchong , Kim Jun-Su , Lee Soobeom , You Chun-Yeol
Published: August 2024

To reveal the role of chirality on field-free spin–orbit torque (SOT) induced magnetization switching, we propose an existence of z-torque through the formation of noncollinear spin texture during SOT-induced magnetization switching in a laterally two-level perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) system. For the investigation of torque, we simulate magnetization dynamics in the two-level PMA system with SOT, which generates the noncollinear spin texture. From the spatial distribution of magnetic energy, we reveal the additional z-directional torque contribution in the noncollinear spin texture, which is unexpected in the conventional SOT-induced magnetization switching in collinear spin texture. The z-directional torque originates from the interaction between the chirality of the noncollinear spin texture and the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction of the system. Furthermore, the experimental observation of the asymmetric magnetization switching to the direction of the current flow in the two-level PMA system supports our theoretical expectation.
Autophagy and hepatic lipid metabolism: mechanistic insight and therapeutic potential for MASLD
Authors: Raza Sana , Rajak Sangam , Yen Paul M. , Sinha Rohit A.
Published: August 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) originates from a homeostatic imbalance in hepatic lipid metabolism. Increased fat deposition in the liver of people suffering from MASLD predisposes them to develop further metabolic derangements, including diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and other end-stage liver diseases. Unfortunately, only limited pharmacological therapies exist for MASLD to date. Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process, has emerged as a primary mechanism of lipid metabolism in mammalian hepatocytes. Furthermore, preclinical studies with autophagy modulators have shown promising results in resolving MASLD and mitigating its progress into deleterious liver pathologies. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of autophagy-mediated hepatic lipid metabolism, its therapeutic modulation for MASLD treatment, and current limitations and scope for clinical translation.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in aging and the role of advanced cardiovascular imaging
Authors: Wong Jie Jun , Hong Rilong , Teo Louis L. Y. , Tan Ru-San , Koh Angela S.
Published: August 2024

Aging and inflammation are key drivers in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Aging is characterized by chronic, systemic, dysregulated inflammation and dysfunctional immune responses ― termed inflammaging ― that give rise to cumulative cardiovascular damage. These noxious processes promote epithelial dysfunction, immune infiltration, foam cell deposition, and calcification, which result in atherosclerotic plaque formation. With aging, epithelial and vascular smooth muscle cell senescence further contribute to atherogenesis by the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, consequently secreting pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors that exert autocrine and paracrine effects to perpetuate a vicious cycle of tissue aging and eventual failure. Recent evidence has affirmed the use of anti-inflammatory therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk; however, the possibility of off-target adverse effects may limit the application. Moreover, systemic inflammatory markers are not sufficiently precise in localizing cardiovascular active inflammation, and conventional cardiovascular imaging methods can only detect structural changes in late-stage disease. Targeted molecular imaging offers imaging-guided precision theragnostic and early upstream preventive approaches by delineating the cellular biological mechanisms underpinning cardiovascular inflammaging and holds the potential to revolutionize the personalized treatment of early atherosclerotic disease. Here, we examine recent developments in molecular imaging in relation to the mechanisms underlying aging-related atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We highlight challenges facing the translation of molecular imaging into clinical practice and propose future directions of these novel diagnostic modalities.
Bioremediation of Microplastics by Microorganisms: Trends, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Al Hasnat Siam Md Ibrahim , Zahura Fatema Tuz , Hasan Mehedi , Hasan Md. Rakib , Rashid Taslim Ur
Published: August 2024

Severe plastic pollution is occurring in fresh water and soil systems due to the presence of non-degradable microplastics (MPs) in the environment. The scarcity of management and the excessive commercial use of plastics have been identified as the major sources of MPs. Accumulation of MPs in soil affects soil health and further can make it infertile. They can also transfer into fresh water systems through rain and flood. These MPs can transfer across the food web to living organisms and can persist in the gastrointestinal tract for quite a long time and possess a high probability of toxicological effects. For reducing the mentioned detrimental effects, several biological, chemical, physiochemical, and sustainable treatment methods are being developed for remediation of MPs. The effectiveness of these processes in eliminating MPs has been discussed previously; however, microbial bioremediation of MPs is still unclear. As it is considered as a green route and a quite easy method, this chapter aims to highlight the details of microbial bioremediation techniques. Focusing on the impact of MPs in fresh water and soil, the chapter will discuss the methods and mechanisms of microbial degradation of MPs, recent research approaches, challenges and future research directions in this field.
Microbial Fuel Cells: Transitioning Towards an Industrial Level Bioremediation
Authors: Ravinuthala Srinithya , Saravanan S. , Das Saprativ P.
Published: August 2024

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are technologies that break down complex organic compounds to simpler ones, while simultaneously producing electricity. This feature of MFCs allows their substantial application in wastewater bioremediation. Although MFCs have been researched for more than a century, most studies are limited to lab-scale units due to technical and economical constraints. In spite of these challenges, these technologies have greatly progressed and are being implemented in the real world to treat wastewater at industrial scales. This chapter discusses in detail the various designs and materials that are employed in such large-scale industrial systems. Over the years, there has been an exponential growth in the research and development sector for feasible and cost-effective materials leading to the development of carbon-based modified electrodes and ceramic membranes. However, there are challenges faced by these systems, especially in up-scaled systems, like internal resistances and maintenance required for low-term operations. These challenges and their possible solutions, like integration of power management systems, as well as future prospects are discussed in detail in this book chapter.
Proteomics Monitoring of Microbes During Biodegradation of Environmental Contaminants
Authors: Merhi Celine , Abdulkarim Sidra , Piliposyan George , Tawalbeh Muhammad , Halalsheh Neda , Al-Othman Amani
Published: August 2024

Biodegradation is the process of breaking down complex organic compounds into byproducts, such as carbon dioxide and water. With the utilization of microorganisms, biodegradation could be employed as an effective technique to remove the organic compounds found in the environment as pollutants. This process occurs due to the presence of protein in the microorganisms through the steps of biodeterioration, biofragmentation, and assimilation. To gain an understanding of the process occurring and the proteins in these microbes responsible for biodegradation, a tool called proteomics is utilized. Proteomics is the comprehensive analysis of proteomes found in organisms, such as microbes, and the understanding of their functions and structures. Mass spectrometry is a vital technique used in proteomics through which these proteins are identified and characterized. This chapter aims to demonstrate how proteomics can help in monitoring microbes during biodegradation. The stages of biodegradation will be mentioned along with the method of proteomic analysis and the different technologies used in the different stages such as mass spectrometry will be discussed. Through proteomics, the optimum environmental conditions can be specified as well to enhance the biodegradation process. Furthermore, this chapter discusses how biodegradation and proteomics are applied in industries and the challenges faced while conducting these processes.
Metabolomics: An Approach to Decode the Insight of Organism Functioning in Polluted Environments
Authors: Piliposyan George , Merhi Celine , Abdulkarim Sidra , Tawalbeh Muhammad , Halalsheh Neda , Al-Othman Amani
Published: August 2024

One of the rapidly growing omics methods is metabolomics. It is a tool used to understand the biological compounds of an organism by studying metabolites present in tissues and cells. Metabolites are small molecules that are the result of metabolic reactions found as intermediate or final products, and these molecules aid in biochemical processes. Through metabolomics, the complex metabolic pathways are analyzed in response to the environment and can be used as a method to optimize bioremediation. In this chapter, the process of metabolomics will be discussed and correlated to organisms found in polluted environments. To do so, the different techniques used in metabolomics to identify and analyze the metabolites present will be discussed. The various techniques include but are not limited to mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Furthermore, this chapter will highlight how the results acquired from these techniques will provide insight into the metabolic pathways taking place during bioremediation. Finally, the future applications and challenges of environmental metabolomics will be discussed.
Functional implications of unusual NOS and SONOS covalent linkages found in proteins
Authors: Lloyd Matthew D. , Gregory Kyle S. , Acharya K. Ravi
Published: August 2024

Novel NOS linkages stabilize protein tertiary and quaternary structures and may be as prevalent as disulfide bonds. They regulate enzyme activity and have other important roles.
Au nanoparticle decoration of nanoparticular and nanotubular TiO2 using atmospheric pressure cold plasma for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Bjelajac Andjelika , Petrovic Rada , Stefanovic Milica , Phillipe Adrian-Marie , Fleming Yves , Guillot Jérôme , Chemin Jean-Baptiste , Choquet Patrick , Kadok Joris , Bulou Simon
Published: August 2024

In situ formation and direct decoration of Au NPs on TiO2 using an atmospheric pressure DBD plasma torch at low temperature.
Facile synthesis of hierarchical nanocrystalline H[Fe,Al]ZSM-5 with boosted lifetime for DTG reactions
Authors: Li Jianqing , Wang Hui , Liu Guangbo , He Tao , Wang Zhiqi , Wu Jingli , Wu Jinhu
Published: August 2024

The hierarchical nanocrystalline H[Fe,Al]ZSM-5 zeolite with smaller crystal and abundant mesopores were synthesized by prolonging aging time and adding CTAB. They exhibited the faster diffusion ability, leading to the longer lifetime in DTG process.
Uniting activity design principles of anode catalysts for direct liquid fuel cells
Authors: Zheng Daniel J. , Peng Jiayu , McCormack Kaylee , Xu Hongbin , Kang Jin Soo , Wang Zhenshu , Ren Zhichu , Li Ju , Román-Leshkov Yuriy , Shao-Horn Yang
Published: August 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of liquid fuel oxidation electrocatalysts, from fundamental principles to state-of-the-art materials in an effort to unify design principles for future materials.
Molecular sandwich-based DNAzyme catalytic reaction towards transducing efficient nanopore electrical detection of antigen proteins
Authors: Wang Lebing , Zhou Shuo , Wang Yunjiao , Wang Yan , Li Jing , Chen Xiaohan , Zhou Daming , Liang Liyuan , Yin Bohua , Zhang Youwen , Wang Liang
Published: August 2024

A molecular sandwich-based DNAzyme catalytic reaction is capable of transducing detectable nucleic acids as a substitute for difficult to yield protein detection in complicated biological matrices, in a nanopore.
Facile fabrication of a nickel hydroxide@carbon nanotube composite for enhanced supercapacitance performance
Authors: Ba Xuewei , Zhang Huaikang , Zhou Xiang , Cheng Cheng , Lan Xinyu , Han Xinyu , Huang Wenping , Zhang Deqing , Yu Yan , Li Shuhua
Published: August 2024

The core–shell structure Ni(OH)2@CNTs composite were synthesized by wet chemical method at low temperatures. The assembled Ni(OH)2@CNTs//AC asymmetric supercapacitors demonstrate high energy density and long cyclic stability.
Effect of oxygen on ammonia sensing of large area graphene
Authors: Sutradhar Agnimitra , V. P. Krishnakumar , Das Mahapatra Ayon , Sharma Pragya , Misra Abha
Published: August 2024

Adsorption and desorption of NH3 molecules on graphene.
Synergistic promotion of the oxygen evolution reaction by Co and Fe dual-doping of NiS2
Authors: Xu Wen-juan , Wang Ying-yu , Dang Jiang-yan , Zhang Xiao-ying , Li Wen-liang , Zhang Jing-ping
Published: August 2024

Bimetallic doped Co,Fe–NiS2 nanosheet arrays are a promising non-precious metal electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (OER).
Bio-based sunflower carbon/polyethylene glycol shape-stabilized phase change materials for thermal energy storage
Authors: Gao Ning , Du Jiaoli , Yang Wenbo , Sun Bocun , Li Juncheng , Xia Tian , Li Youbing , Yang Chaolong , Liu Xiaolin
Published: August 2024

The exploitation of shape-stabilized phase change materials with high thermal conductivity and energy storage capacity is an effective strategy for improving energy efficiency.
Titanium tetrafluoride catalysis for the dehydrative conversion of diphenylmethanols to symmetric and unsymmetric ethers
Authors: Singh Aman G. , Alawaed Abdulkhaliq A. , Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan
Published: August 2024

Catalytic titanium tetrafluoride efficiently converts benzhydrols to bisbenzhydryl ethers or cross-ethers (with primary alcohols) within 0.5–2 h, achieving high yields.
Correction: Evaluating the dispersibility of rGO prepared using a solvothermal method with DMF and its application as a CDI electrode material: recovery of sp2-hybridized carbon
Authors: Lee Junho , Ju Seonghyeon , Lim Chaehwi , Lee Jihoon , Yoon Yeojoon
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Evaluating the dispersibility of rGO prepared using a solvothermal method with DMF and its application as a CDI electrode material: recovery of sp2-hybridized carbon’ by Junho Lee et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 22665–22675, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA03387F.
Correction: Asymmetric catalytic [1,3]- or [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of 3-allyloxy-4H-chromenones and their analogues
Authors: Li Yi , Ning Lichao , Tang Qi , Lan Kexin , Yang Bingqian , Lin Qianchi , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Asymmetric catalytic [1,3]- or [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of 3-allyloxy-4H-chromenones and their analogues’ by Yi Li et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 11005–11012, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC02201G.
A dual state emission luminogen based on the 1,3,3-trimethylindoline and chroman-2,4-dione conjugate for highly selective dual channel detection of cyanide ions
Authors: Khatua Snehadrinarayan , Patra Sumit Kumar , Rabha Monosh , Lyngdoh Lyngkhoi Deikrisha , Gogoi Jogat , Sen Bhaskar
Published: August 2024

A 1,3,3-trimethylindoline and chroman-2,4-dione conjugate-based dual state emission luminogen is reported for highly selective and sensitive turn-on fluorescent detection of cyanide ions.
Optimization of solvents, electrolytes, and mediators for polyindole-based electrochemical sensors
Authors: Pandey P. C. , Tiwari Atul Kumar , Narayan Roger J.
Published: August 2024

Surface-engineered conducting polymers (CPs) have enabled technological advances in chemistry and materials science.
The in situ growth of atomically dispersed Ni species on CeO2 during low-temperature CH4/CO2 reforming
Authors: Wang Hui , Hu Yansu , Adogwa Alexander , Yang Ming , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: August 2024

The isolated Ni1 atoms with short distances between them would aggregate and facilitate carbon removal during CH4/CO2 reforming.
Stabilizing a Ru single atom catalyst through electronic metal–support interaction with a NiCo2O4 support for overall water splitting and urea electrolysis
Authors: Gupta Astha , Ghosh Swarup , Bhalothia Dinesh , Thangarasu Sadhasivam , Ghosh Biplab , Urkude Rajashri , Chowdhury Joydeep , Pande Surojit
Published: August 2024

Single atom catalysts have manifested themselves as a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis owing to their maximum atom utilization efficiency.
Design and virtual screening of donor and non-fullerene acceptor for organic solar cells using long short-term memory model
Authors: Lv Long-Fei , Zhang Cai-Rong , Cao Rui , Liu Xiao-Meng , Zhang Mei-Ling , Gong Ji-Jun , Liu Zi-Jiang , Wu You-Zhi , Chen Hong-Shan
Published: August 2024

In this study, we trained long short-term memory models to predict photovoltaic performance parameters. Additionally, we cleaved and reorganized molecules to obtain novel high-performance donor–acceptor pairs.
Engineering hypoxia-responsive 6-aminonicotinamide prodrugs for on-demand NADPH depletion and redox manipulation
Authors: Li Mingye , Dong Yuyu , Wang Zheng , Zhao Yanjun , Dai Yujie , Zhang Baoxin
Published: August 2024

Targeting G6PD via the hypoxia-responsive prodrugs.
A post-reduction strategy to enhance near-infrared-II emission from Li4SrCa(SiO4)2:Cr4+ phosphors
Authors: Sun Yixin , Wang Yining , Deng Minliang , Xing Xiaole , Zhu Yiying , Shang Mengmeng
Published: August 2024

By meticulous selection of the host material, ultra-broadband NIR-II luminescence from Li4SrCa(SiO4)2:Cr4+ was achieved, and the post-reduction strategy realized the leap-forward enhancement of luminescence from Cr4+.
Targeting endocytosis to sensitize cancer cells to programmed cell death
Authors: Chan Emily T. , Kural Cömert
Published: August 2024

Evading programmed cell death (PCD) is a hallmark of cancer that allows tumor cells to survive and proliferate unchecked. Endocytosis, the process by which cells internalize extracellular materials, has emerged as a key regulator of cell death pathways in cancer. Many tumor types exhibit dysregulated endocytic dynamics that fuel their metabolic demands, promote resistance to cytotoxic therapies, and facilitate immune evasion. This review examines the roles of endocytosis in apoptotic resistance and immune escape mechanisms utilized by cancer cells. We highlight how inhibiting endocytosis can sensitize malignant cells to therapeutic agents and restore susceptibility to PCD. Strategies to modulate endocytosis for enhanced cancer treatment are discussed, including targeting endocytic regulatory proteins, altering membrane biophysical properties, and inhibiting Rho-associated kinases. While promising, challenges remain regarding the specificity and selectivity of endocytosis-targeting agents. Nonetheless, harnessing endocytic pathways represents an attractive approach to overcome apoptotic resistance and could yield more effective therapies by rendering cancer cells vulnerable to PCD. Understanding the interplay between endocytosis and PCD regulation is crucial for developing novel anticancer strategies that selectively induce tumor cell death.
RIS assisted wireless networks: Collaborative regulation, deployment mode and field testing
Authors: Zhao Yajun
Published: August 2024

In recent years, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have made significant progress in engineering application research and industrialization, as well as in academic research. However, the engineering application research field of RIS still faces several challenges. This article analyses and discusses the two deployment modes of RIS‐assisted wireless networks, namely network controlled mode and standalone mode. It also presents three typical collaboration scenarios of RIS networks, including multi‐RIS collaboration, multi‐user access, and multi‐cell coordination, which reflect the differences between the two deployment modes of RIS. The article proposes collaborative regulation mechanisms for RIS and analyses their applications in the two network deployment modes in‐depth. Furthermore, the article establishes simulation models of three scenarios and provides rich numerical simulation results. An actual field test environment is also built, where a specially designed and processed RIS prototype was used for preliminary field test and verification. Finally, this article puts forward future trends and challenges.
Error‐transfer‐theory based adaptive filtering algorithm for external supported tracking
Authors: Sun Quan , Huang Xiyao , Ouyang Yi , Yang Gang , Yu Mengxin
Published: August 2024

An improved filtering algorithm, called the EttAF adaptive filtering, is proposed in this paper. Compared with the available algorithm, the equivalent observation error in the fusion centre from the external sensor is considered, which makes the observation noise matrix of the filter dynamically adjust according to the relative relationship between the fusion centre and the external sensor. The strong manoeuvring target is modelled based on the CS‐jerk model, and the error adaptive variation equation is derived for the external data. Simulation results show that compared to traditional algorithm the EttAF algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of position and velocity by 10.8% and 22.3% respectively.