bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling Forum Choice and Controlling Policy: Congress, Courts and the IRS
Authors: Howard Robert M.
Published: March 2007

Considerable scholarly attention has been paid to litigation and its influence on social and bureaucratic policy. One area of research has focused on interest group litigation. Another area of scholarship has shown that Congress encourages individual use of the courts to monitor and control bureaucratic behavior. In several areas of law, litigants have a choice of forum by deliberate legislative design, which is sometimes derided as “forum shopping.” Little attention has been paid to the dominant national political coalition's ability to encourage forum shopping through legislation and the appointment process. One area of law that the coalition can encourage forum shopping is in challenging tax audits. It can do so through implict legislative signals and the appointment process to influence litigants to sue the Internal Revenue Service in the forum that offers the litigant the greatest chance of success. Given the prominent role of courts in setting and determining policy and given the particular prominence of taxes and tax policy over the past three decades, whether and where tax litigants choose to sue is critically important to understanding the dynamics of both tax policy and tax enforcement, as well as public policy creation and change. To demonstrate the influence of political forces on tax forum choice, I compare tax and district court filings from 1994 through to 2000. I find that as the Tax Court and national political coalition become more conservative, more taxpayers sue in the Tax Court and this “forum shopping” choice is supported by the national political coalition.
Differential Responses of Murine Vaginal and Uterine Epithelial Cells Prior to and Following Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV‐2) Infection
Authors: Fernandez Sherie , Gillgrass Amy , Kaushic Charu
Published: March 2007

Problem

This study was undertaken to evaluate the susceptibility of upper and lower reproductive tract epithelial cells (ECs) to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) infection and examine their cytokine secretion patterns prior to and following infection.

Method of study

Primary EC cultures, grown from murine vaginal and uterine tissue, were inoculated with HSV‐2. Viral shedding was measured in apical and basolateral compartments. Multi‐analyte bead‐based immunoassays run on Luminex, were used to analyse cytokine profiles.

Results

Both vaginal and uterine ECs became productively infected with HSV‐2, ex‐vivo. Uterine ECs displayed varying degrees of infection, dependent on transepithelial resistance of the monolayers. Co‐culturing stromal cells did not significantly change levels of viral shedding from ECs. Uterine ECs and epithelial‐stromal co‐cultures constitutively secreted interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐6, mouse homologue of human IL‐8 (KC) and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), while vaginal epithelial‐stromal co‐cultures secreted granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and KC. Following exposure to HSV‐2, IL‐6 and MCP‐1 levels decreased in uterine EC cultures.

Conclusions

This data shows that ECs from the upper and lower reproductive tract have different cytokine secretion profiles and respond differentially to infection. HSV‐2 may be able to suppress epithelial cytokine secretion as a strategy to evade host immune system.
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PATHOGENIC CONTAMINANTS OF SEAFOOD IN GREECE
Authors: PAPADOPOULOU C. , ECONOMOU E. , ZAKAS G. , SALAMOURA C. , DONTOROU C. , APOSTOLOU J.
Published: March 2007

A total of 360 samples, including 105 marine fish, 25 prawns, 50 squid, 50 octopus, 30 mussels and 100 freshwater fish were examined microbiologically for the presence of microorganisms potentially pathogenic. All samples were examined following standard microbiological procedures. The isolated microorganisms were: Aeromonas hydrophilia (38–93%), Klebsiella ozonae (1–40%), Escherichia coli (14–87%), Yersinia enterocolitica (0–40%), Hafnia alvei (0–36.6%), Enterobacter agglomerans (0–42%), Citrobacter freundii (0–46%), Proteus vulgaris (15–80%), Proteus mirabilis (7–82%), Morganella morganii (0–30%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (0–34%), Pseudomonas putida (0–6%), Plesiomonas shigelloides (0–4%), Listeria innocua (1–3.3%), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (0–2%), Clostridium perfringens (0–1%), Staphylococcus aureus (0–80%) and Candida quillermondi (0–1%), Candida albicans (0–1%), Penicillium oxalicum (0–1%) and Penicillium italicum (0–12%).
SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF EWE MILK CHEESE MADE WITH THREE TYPES OF COAGULANT: CALF RENNET, POWDERED VEGETABLE COAGULANT AND CRUDE AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM CYNARA CARDUNCULUS
Authors: TEJADA LUIS , GÓMEZ RAFAEL , FERNÁNDEZ‐SALGUERO JOSÉ
Published: March 2007

This article reports on a study of the sensorial characteristics of ewe milk cheese (Los Pedroches) made with animal rennet and two types of coagulant obtained from the cardoon Cynara cardunculus. The cheeses made with rennet displayed a less odor intensity: pungent odor and acid odor; a less acid taste; and a slightly lighter color. They were harder and firmer, but less creamy than those made with the vegetable coagulant (powdered vegetable coagulant [PVC] and crude aqueous extract [CAE] from C. cardunculus). However, the cheeses made with PVC showed organoleptic characteristics very similar to the cheeses made with CAE from C. cardunculus. After 90 days' ripening, the cheeses made with vegetable coagulant displayed a slightly more bitter taste than those made with rennet. In general terms, increased ripening time prompted the increased scores for most of the sensory attributes studied.
Eogenetic Karst Hydrology: Insights from the 2004 Hurricanes, Peninsular Florida
Authors: Florea Lee J. , Vacher H.L.
Published: March 2007

Eogenetic karst lies geographically and temporally close to the depositional environment of limestone in warm marine water at low latitude, in areas marked by midafternoon thunderstorms during a summer rainy season. Spring hydrographs from such an environment in north‐central Florida are characterized by smooth, months‐long, seasonal maxima. The passage of Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne in September 2004 over three field locations shows how the eogenetic karst of the Upper Floridan Aquifer responds to unequivocal recharge events. Hydrographs at wells in the High Springs area, Rainbow Springs, and at Morris, Briar, and Bat Caves all responded promptly with a similar drawn‐out rise to a maximum that extended long into the winter dry season. The timing indicates that the typical hydrograph of eogenetic karst is not the short‐term fluctuations of springs in epigenic, telogenetic karst, or the smoothed response to all the summer thunderstorms, but rather the protracted response of the system to rainfall that exceeds a threshold. The similarity of cave and noncave hydrographs indicates distributed autogenic recharge and a free communication between secondary porosity and permeable matrix—both of which differ from the hydrology of epigenic, telogenetic karst. At Briar Cave, drip rates lagged behind the water table rise, suggesting that recharge was delivered by fractures, which control the cave’s morphology. At High Springs, hydrographs at the Santa Fe River and a submerged conduit apparently connected to it show sharp maxima after the storms, unlike the other cave hydrographs. Our interpretation is that the caves, in general, are discontinuous.
On the Interpretation of Recharge Estimates from Steady‐State Model Calibrations
Authors: Anderson William P. , Evans David G.
Published: March 2007

Ground water recharge is often estimated through the calibration of ground water flow models. We examine the nature of calibration errors by considering some simple mathematical and numerical calculations. From these calculations, we conclude that calibrating a steady‐state ground water flow model to water level extremes yields estimates of recharge that have the same value as the time‐varying recharge at the time the water levels are measured. These recharge values, however, are a subdued version of the actual transient recharge signal. In addition, calibrating a steady‐state ground water flow model to data collected during periods of rising water levels will produce recharge values that underestimate the actual transient recharge. Similarly, calibrating during periods of falling water levels will overestimate the actual transient recharge. We also demonstrate that average water levels can be used to estimate the actual average recharge rate provided that water level data have been collected for a sufficient amount of time.
Analytic Element Ground Water Modeling as a Research Program (1980 to 2006)
Authors: Kraemer Stephen R.
Published: March 2007

Scientists and engineers who use the analytic element method (AEM) for solving problems of regional ground water flow may be considered a community, and this community can be studied from the perspective of history and philosophy of science. Applying the methods of the Hungarian philosopher of science Imre Lakatos (1922 to 1974), the AEM “research program” is distinguished by its hard core (theoretical basis), protective belt (auxiliary assumptions), and heuristic (problem solving machinery). AEM has emerged relatively recently in the scientific literature and has a relatively modest number of developers and practitioners compared to the more established finite‐element and finite‐difference methods. Nonetheless, there is evidence to support the assertion that the AEM research program remains in a progressive phase. The evidence includes an expanding publication record, a growing research strand following Professor Otto Strack’s book Groundwater Mechanics (1989), the continued placement of AEM researchers in academia, and the further development of innovative analytical solutions and computational solvers/models.
Plurals
Authors: Rayo Agustín
Published: March 2007

English contains singular terms, quantifiers and predicates (e.g. ‘it’, ‘something’ and ‘. . . is an elephant’). But it also containspluralterms, quantifiers and predicates (e.g. ‘they’, ‘some things’ and ‘. . . are scattered on the floor’).1Philosophers have become increasingly interested in plurals over the past couple of decades. The purpose of this article is to explain why plurals might be thought to have philosophical importance, and why they have led to philosophical debate.
Barriers to the expression of sexuality in the older person: the role of the health professional
Authors: McAuliffe Linda , Bauer Michael , Nay Rhonda
Published: March 2007

Sexuality is an important contributing factor to quality of life and sense of well‐being. All adults have the right to express their sexuality, regardless of their age. Research indicates, however, that older people frequently experience barriers to the expression of their sexuality. Many of these barriers are influenced by the health professionals and services that care for them. This paper will outline these barriers and identify strategies that the healthcare professional can implement to help improve practice in this area.
Sexuality, health care and the older person: an overview of the literature
Authors: Bauer Michael , McAuliffe Linda , Nay Rhonda
Published: March 2007

Abstract.  This paper reviews recent literature around sexuality, health care and the older person. The construction of sexuality and the importance of sexuality to older people are discussed, as is sexual diversity in old age, and sexuality and health. Also discussed are the myths and stereotypes associated with this topic, and the medical, social, healthcare, and institutional barriers to sexuality and sexual health in later life.
Training primary care nurses in late‐life depression: knowledge, attitude and practice changes
Authors: Butler Mary Pat , Quayle Ethel
Published: March 2007

Aim.  This paper reports on the uptake of a two‐day late‐life depression training programme with primary care nurses and its impact on knowledge, attitudes and the use of a brief screening protocol following training.

Background.  Late‐life depression is a common condition associated with medical illnesses, impaired psychosocial functioning and risk for suicide. Although treatable, it is under recognized in primary care. Nurses have an important contribution to make to its detection, yet few studies have focused on training primary care nurses for this role.

Design.  An uncontrolled pre‐ and post‐test design was used. Data were collected using the Late‐Life Depression Quiz, the Depression Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ) and an Impact on Clinical Practice Questionnaire at 1 and 3 months. Seventy‐three nurses commenced training and 66 completed the programme out of a total of 253 invited to participate.

Results.  Statistically significant differences were found between pre‐ and post‐training for knowledge about late‐life depression (P < 0.0005). No significant association was found between age, length of experience, level of contact and pre‐training knowledge scores. Attitudes towards depression were more optimistic following training which were significant for nine of the DAQ statements (P < 0.05). However, when the overall level of significance was adjusted for multiple testing of 20 DAQ items, two remained statistically significant (P < 0.0025). Finally, a 77% response rate to the 1‐month practice questionnaire and a 52% at 3 months showed that nurses were using the screening measure (mean 5.0, SD 7.71; mean 5.6, SD 7.71 respectively).

Conclusion.  A short training programme on late‐life depression was effective in producing both knowledge and attitude change in primary care nurses. The use of a short two‐item depression screening measure prompted nurses to complete more in‐depth assessment for depression.

Relevance to clinical practice.  Training primary care nurses to identify and manage older persons with depression is essential to improve quality of life.
Taxonomic Study of the Genus Conocephalus Thunberg in Korea (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae)
Authors: KIM Tae‐Woo , KIM Jin III
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
The genus Conocephalus Thunberg in Korea was taxonomically studied. As the result, five species were confirmed to Korean fauna including a newly recorded species, Conocephalus bambusanus Ingrisch. The key to species, distributional data and comparative figures for identification are given.
The Male Accessory Gland Substances of Lucilia illustris (I): Its Effect on Mating Receptivity
Authors: LEE Jong‐Jin , LEE Yong‐Min , CARDE Ring T.
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
In order to verify the physiological functions of male accessory gland (MAG) substances of the blowfly, Lucilia illustris Meigen, the growth and changes in metabolites of male accessory gland with aging, and the effect of male accessory gland extract on mating receptivity of L. illustris were examined. There was not a significant difference in length of MAG with aging, but the width of MAG was grown widely from 0 to 5‐days old apparently. Changes in glycogen, total protein and lipid of male accessory gland substances showed same patterns but total protein content was higher than the others. Therefore, male nutrition affected the production of male accessory proteins. During the mating fed unmated male transferred larger amount of protein than that of starved male. When male accessory gland homogenates injected, mating receptivity of gravid female was greatly inhibited comparing to control, suggesting that the accessory gland substances of L. illustris alters female mating receptivity after mating.
Taxonomical Review of the Subfamily Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) I. Genus Stauropoctonus Brauns
Authors: LEE Jong‐Wook , KIM Ki‐Beom
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Seven species of the genus Stauropoctonus are reviewed, with descriptions of one new species, Stauropoctonus nigrithorax n. sp. Therefore two species are recorded in South Korea. A diagnostic key and taxonomic remarks are presented.
Taxonomic Revision of Tabanus mandarinus Species Group (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Korea
Authors: SUH Sang Jae , CHOI Kwang Shik , KWON Yong Jung
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
In a review of the horseflies of the Tabanus mandarinus species group in Korea, six species are recognized. Among them, Tabanus nipponicus is newly recorded from Korea. Keys, annotated check lists of domestic records, collection data, and photographs of T. nipponicus are provided.
Taxonomic Study of Korean Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera)
Authors: KIM Jin Ill , KIM Tae‐Woo
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Eight species of the Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera) including two newly recorded Nippancistroger testaceus (Matsumura et Shiraki) and Anoplophilus acuticercus Karny are recognized in Korean fauna. Paratachycines (Hemitachycines) uenoi (Yamasaki) is proposed for junior synonym of Paratachycines (Hemitachycines) baldyrevi (Uvarov). The keys to species, characteristic figures and diagnoses for the newly recorded species are presented.
Ultrastructure of the Rectum Epithelial Cells in the Mosquito Larvae, Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann
Authors: YU Chai Hyeock
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
The Ultrastructure of rectum epithelial cells in the mosquito larvae, Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann, was studied using electron microscope. The rectal epithelium forms rectal papillae composed of the absorptive cells and the surrounding basal cells. Moreover, rectal epithelium was covered with thin cuticular intima. Apical plasma membrane of the epithelial cells had infoldings and in between them, mitochondria developed into elongated shape were attached. In addition, the membrane infoldings reach down into the cell cytoplasm to form several layers of leaflet‐like prolongations. On both sides of these prolongations were also large, well‐developed mitochondria. Their formation was that mitochondria were attached to 3 μm length and 4–13 layers of membrane wrinkle lump. Many spherites, which are lamelated crystals that form an illusory structure in concentric circles inside of the cytoplasm of epithelial cell were observed. Basal plasma membrane in the epithelial cells was also wrinkled to promulgate into the cytoplasm to become basal infoldings producing canaliculi in basal labyrinth formation. There were many mitochondria scattered in these formations as well. On the bottom of the epithelial cell, basal lamina was attached and between basal lamina and muscle bundle was subepithelial space, which is connective tissue. Inside the space, tracheal and nerve cells were observed.
The Korean Species of the Genus Enaptorhinus G.R. Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)
Authors: HAN Kyungduk
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
A taxonomic study of the genus Enaptorhinus G.R. Waterhouse in Korea is presented. Two species are recognized in Korea. Enaptorhinus sinensis G.R. Waterhouse is reported for the first time in Korea. A key, descriptions, and figures of diagnostic characters of known korean Enaptorhinus species are given.
Differences in the Rapid Knockdown and Lethal Effects of Aerosol Formulations against German Cockroach (Blattaria, Blattellidae) Strains
Authors: LEE Dong‐Kyu
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
The knockdown and lethal efficacies of five aerosol formulations including Combat Speed® (AIs: 0.1 % imiprothrin and 0.3% cyphenothrin), Raid Power® (AIs: 1.0% pyrethrin and 0.2% permethrin), Home Keeper®, (AIs: 0.2% tetramethrin and 0.3% permethrin), Super Killer® (AIs: 0.32% tetramethrin and 0.08% bioresmethrin), and Perma Kill‐K® (AIs: 0.3% dichlorvos and 0.1% tetramethrin) against five strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) were assessed. The results show that the mean value of KT50 (5.4 sec.) of Combat Speed® was 4.5 and 3.1‐folds lower than those of Perma Kill‐K® and Home Keeper®, respectively. The mean value of KT90 (9.0 sec; slope = 10.02) of Combat Speed® was 3.8 to 5.8‐folds lower than Perma Kill‐K®, Supper Killer® and Home Keeper®. As lethal effects, the mean value of LT50 (17.3 sec.) of Combat Speed® was over 26 folds lower than Supper Killer® and Perma Kill‐K®. The mean value of LT90 (32.9 sec.) of Combat Speed® was 37.4 and 15.1‐folds lower than those of Supper Killer® and Perma Kill‐K®, respectively. In general, Combat Speed® and Raid Power® were considered the insecticide aerosols with faster knockdown and higher lethal effects than Supper Killer®, Perma Kill‐K®, and Home Keeper® against five strains of German cockroaches in Korea. Also, the knockdown and lethal effects of Supper Killer®, Perma Kill‐K®, and Home Keeper® were highly variable depends on the strains.
Newly Recorded and Little Known Tenebrionid Species from Korea
Authors: KIM Su‐Yeon , KIM Jin‐Ill
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Four tenebrionid species, Phaleromela subhumeralis (Marseul), Trachyscelis sabuleti Lewis, Parabolitophagus felix (Lewis), Metaclisa atrocyanea Lewis, and one tribe, Trachyscelini, are recorded for the first time from Korea. Also Korean materials of three tenebrionid species, Emypsara riederi (Faldermann), Ischnodactylus loripes Lewis, Bolitophagus reticulatiis (Linne) are confirmed.
Biological Control of Anopheles sinensis with Native Fish Predators (Aplocheilus and Aphyocypris) and Herbivorous Fish, Tilapia in Natural Rice Fields in Korea
Authors: KIM Heung Chul , LEE Joon Hak , YANG Kyung Hyung , YU Hyo Sok
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
A confined field experiment was conducted to investigate biological control of malaria and inland filariasis vector, Anopheles sinensis Wied. by combined use of larvivorous fishes, Aplocheilus latipes or Aphyocypris chinensis and herbivorous, Tilapia mossambicus niloticus in natural rice fields at Banwol near Suwon, Gyeonggi province from June through October, 1989. In the presence of naturally breeding Aplocheilus at the density of 0.8 fish/m2 water surface, the natural control of Anopheles larvae ranged 34.4% to 51.6% from June through August; later supplemental introduction of herbivore (Tilapia) at the release rate of 1‐pair per 10 m2 resulted in 67.8% increased to 80.0% control of Anopheles sinensis in 3rd and 5th week respectively. In a combined fish release at the rate of 1.0 fish/m2 of Aphyocypris and 1‐pair/10 m2 of Tilapia produced 67.3% and 82.1% mosquito larval reduction in 3rd and 5th week periods, respectively. The similar pattern of gradual but significant suppression of mosquitoes was also evident in separate rice paddy in 4‐5 week period, maintaining ca. 75‘82% for the subsequent mosquito breeding season in comparison with control plot.
Seasonal Prevalence of Mosquitoes Collected from Light Traps in Korea (1999‐2000)
Authors: KIM Heung Chul , LEE Kwan Woo , RICHARDS Robert S. , SCHLEICH Sonya S. , HERMAN William E. , KLEIN Terry A.
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Adult mosquito collections were conducted from 1999 through 2000 at 29 US military installations located in six provinces in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Adult mosquitoes were collected in New Jersey light traps from 15 May to 15 October each year. Adult mosquito surveillance was conducted to determine the appropriate time for pesticide applications at each of the Army installations. A total of 68,051 and 62,526 adults were collected in 1999 and 2000 respectively, comprising 53,983 (79.3%) females and 14,068 (20.7%) males in 1999, and 50,274 (80.4%) females and 12,252 (19.6%) males in 2000. A total of 19 species from 7 genera were collected. The most common species collected were Anopheles sinensis (34.2%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (29.4%), Aedes vexans nipponii (18.2%) and Culex pipiens (16.8%). Anopheles sinensis were collected at the same level while Culex tritaeniorhynchus decreased by 6.2% in 2000. The weekly population densities for some species were variable for each of the years, apparently as a result of changing weather conditions.
Description of Two Genera of Idolothripinae (Phlaeothripidae: Tubulifera: Thysanoptera) from Pakistan
Authors: AKRAM Waseem , SHIN Byung‐Sik , LEE Jong‐Jin
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Two genera Allothrips Hood and Ethirothrips Karny with single species each Allothrips pillichellus bicolor Ananthakrishnan and Ethirothrips longisetis (Ananthakrishnan and Jagadish), respectively have been recorded for the first time from Pakistan. Both the genera belong to the subfamily Idolothripinae. Detailed description with measurements of body parts along with illustrations are provided for future references.
Descriptions of Immature Stages of Psammodius porcicollis, with Some Contribution on P. basalis (Col., Aphodiidae) from France
Authors: KIM Jin Ill
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Immature stages of Psammodius porcicollis (Illiger, 1803) from the seacoast of the Gulf of Lion, France are described, and some characteristics of larva of P. basalis are added.
Two Species of Melanoplinae (Orthoptera: Catantopidae) New to Korea
Authors: KIM Tae‐Woo , KIM Jin‐Ill
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Two species of the subfamily Melanoplinae (Orthoptera: Catantopidae) from Korean peninsular are newly recognized: Podisma aberrans Ikonnikov and Miramella solitaria (Ikonnikov).
Taxonomic Review of the Genus Anterhynchium Saussure (Eumeninae, Vespidae, Hymenoptera) from East Asia
Authors: KIM Jeong Kyu
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Taxonomic study of the genus Anterhynchium from the Eastern Asia is carried out. A total of 15 forms included in four species were reviewed: A. melanopterum, A. flavopunctatum flavopunctatum, A. flavopuntatum opulentum, A. yunnanensis, A. flavomarginatum flavomarginatum, A. f. koreanum, A. f. tsushimarum, A. f. umenoi, A. f. micado, A. f. procella, A. f. insulicola, A. f. sulphreum, A. f. amamense, A. f. hanedai and A. f. formosicola. However, the A. flavopunctatum opulentum and A. yunnanensis are only cited for future work, due to the lack of available materials. Key to the other species and subspecies are revised, and photos showing diagnostic characters and coloration are presented. The male genitalic characters for accurate identification were separately discussed.
A New Record of the Family Hyblaeidae(Lepidoptera) from Korea
Authors: KIM Sung Soo , SOHN Jea Cheon
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Hyblaea fortissima Butler, a species of Hyblaeidae is recorded for the first time in Korea. The descriptions of adults including illustrations of male and female genitalia are provided.
Analysis of a Lysozyme Gene from Sweet Potato Hornworm, Agrius convolvuli
Authors: KIM Jong‐Wan , YOE Sung Moon
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Lysozyme, the bacteriolytic enzyme, is one of the factors of the innate immunity in insects. A cDNA sequence encoding a lysozyme was isolated from the fat bodies of sweet potato hornworm, Agrius convolvuli immunized with E. coli K12 D21. The coding region of this lysozyme consists of a 19 residues signal peptide and a 120 residues mature protein, which is very similar to that of other lepidopteran. Thirteen negatively (Asp and Glu) and twenty two positively (Arg, Lys and His) charged amino acids were found in this sequence. Eight Cys residues were conserved in the same positions of other insect lysozymes.
Immature Stages of Tipula aino (Diptera: Tipulidae) from Korea
Authors: KIM Dong Sang , LEE Jong Eun
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The present paper is a part of the study on the immature stages of the genus Tipula in Korea. Descriptions and illustrations of immature stages of Tipula aino are provided.
Studies on Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolated from Dead Pine Caterpillars, Dendrolimus spectabilis
Authors: YUN Jae Su
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Entomopathogenic fungi isolated from pine caterpillars, as biological control agents were evaluated against the 5th instar larvae of silkworms, bombyx mori. The body weights of silkworm larvae were reduced by entomopathogenic fungi. Virulence of the spores isolated from the insects was more stronger than that of the spores isolated from media. LD50 value of the pathogen was 6,464x103 spores/ml. Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria, isolated from dead pine caterpillars was possible agents for use in microbiological control.
Establishment of a Self‐Mating Mosquito Colony of Anopheles sinensis From Korea
Authors: KIM Se‐Joo , CHOOCHOTE Wej , JITPAKDI Atchariya , JUNKUM Anuluck , PARK Soo‐Joon , MIN Gi‐Sik
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTMany Korean entomologists have attempted to colonize Anopheles sinensis Korean strain, a primary malaria vector in Korea, previous efforts, however, were unsuccessful. Only a study that a successful colonization of An. sinensis Korean strain over 5 generations was recently reported. Recently we obtained a self‐mating colony from this mosquito strain. The original colony was established from progenies obtained from females collected from So‐Rae District, Incheon, Republic of Korea (ROK), and was maintained for 23 successive generations. While the adult females of first five generations were fed on humans as a source of blood, those of the subsequent 18 generations were fed on white rats as a source of blood. A self‐mating colony was initiated from the 9th generation by rearing 200 and 300 newly emerged females and males, respectively, in a 30x30x30 cm cage. The insemination rates increased from approximately 40% to 81% by the 20thgeneration. Comparisons of biological aspects between artificial mating and self‐mating colonies are reported.
Laboratory Evaluation of Controlled‐release Repellent Treated Pulp Fabric on Human Volunteers Against Mosquito Vectors
Authors: LEE Won‐ Ja , LEE Hoe‐Sun , AHN Young‐ Joon , LEE Dong‐Kyu
Published: March 2007

Three controlled‐release personal‐use pulp fabric impregnated insect repellent formulations of 5% N, N‐diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide (DEET), and 10% and 15% neem oils were evaluated in an environmental chamber on volunteers for their repellent efficacy against three mosquito species, Culex pipiens pallens, Aedes aegypti and Ochlerotatus togoi. The 5% DEET formulation showed significant repellency in pulp fabric (5 mm in width) against Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti (P < 0.05), providing an average repellency of 88.0%, 66.3%, and 46.8% of Cx. pipiens pallens, Ae. Aegypti and O. togoi bites, respectively, during the 6 hours of exposure period. Against night‐biting mosquitoes Cx. pipiens pallens, the DEET formulation provided mostly complete protection for at least 4 hours after the application. In pulp fabric of 10 mm in width, the 5% deet formulation showed significantly the highest repellency among the repellents against O. togoi (P<0.05), providing an average repellency of 52.3% during the 6 hours of exposure period. However, the pulp fabrics treated with 10% and 15% neem oil were less effective than 5% DEET against three mosquito species. This study demonstrated the potential of 5% DEET as pulp fabric repellent against both day‐ and night‐biting mosquitoes.
Some Biochemical Abnormalities Caused by Cypermethrin in Adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.)
Authors: ASHFAQ Muhammad , Mehmood KHALID Shahid , AKRAM Waseem , HUSSAIN Riaz , LEE Jong‐Jin
Published: March 2007

Biochemical effects of sub lethal doses LC10 and LC20 of cypermethrin were studied on some enzymes and macromolecule activities of adult beetles of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.). Cypermethrin caused disturbances in levels of all biochemical components under study. The dose of 0.78 ppm caused abnormalities in α‐amylase and FAA by increasing their activities i.e., 45.45% and 21.97% significantly. The higher sub lethal dose of 2.62 ppm disturbed all the parameters (AcP, α‐amylase, soluble protein and FAA) except AkP, which was decreased by 93.06%. Moreover, sub lethal doses either increased or decreased the levels of all parameters non‐significantly except AkP and FAA which were effected significantly by 87.92% and 14.29% at lower and higher doses, respectively. In the present studies, cypermethrin significantly enhanced the activity of AkP in both susceptible and resistant strains of T. castaneum adult beetles while FAA contents were increased significantly in resistant strain only. The activity of α‐amylase was significantly lowered in susceptible strain only.
Three Newly Recorded and Four Little Known Species of Korean Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: SOHN Jae Cheon , RONKAY LASZLO , KONONENKO Vladimir S.
Published: March 2007

Three Noctuidae species: Orthogonia basimacula (Draudt), Hypersypnoides submarginata (Walker) and Maliattha khasanica Zolotarenko & Dubatolov, are newly added to the Korean fauna. In addition, taxonomic notes of four little known noctuids are discussed with the first description of the female of Anatatha basinigra Kononenko & Ahn and the records of three species new to South Korea; Sinarella cristulalis (Staudinger), Bryomoia melachlora (Staudinger) and Pyrrhia bifasciata (Staudinger). The lectotype of Sinarella cristulalis (Staudinger) is designated for the first time. Figures illustrating adults and both sexes’genitalia are provided.
Revised Key and Phylogenetic Analysis of Korean Rivellia (Diptera: Platystomatidae), with Redescriptions of Two Little Known Species
Authors: BYUN Hye‐Woo , HAN Ho‐Yeon
Published: March 2007

A total of 12 Korean Rivellia species were previously known in Korea. As a result of the continuing effort to investigate this genus in Korea, we discovered an additional species, R. depicta Hendel. We also collected R. asiatica that was the only recorded Korean species unavailable for our previous studies of Rivellia. In the present study, we provide redescriptions of these two species and a revised key to all 13 known species of Korean Rivellia. We also reanalyzed their phylogenetic relationships based on the expanded morphological dataset.
Sensilla on the External Genitalia of the Carabid Beetle, Carabus (Ohomopterus) dehaanii dehaanii Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: KIM Lark , TEIJI Sota
Published: March 2007

Sensilla on the male and female external genitalia of the carabid beetle, Carabus (Ohomopterus) dehaanii dehaanii Chaudoir, were investigated with scanning electron microscopy. The investigation for female genitalia was conducted on the coxites and styli. As a result, 4 types of sensilla were distinguished. In male, a total of 6 types of sensilla were identified on the aedeagus. The external morphology and distribution pattern of each type of the sensilla in both sexes were described. Results are expected to provide a ground work for future research on the phylogenetic study of the genus Carabus and the comparative ultrastructure or behavior in the carabid beetle.
A Newly Recorded Species of the Family Pythidae (Coleoptera) from Korea
Authors: KIM Jin , KANG Tae Hwa , JUNG Bu Hee
Published: March 2007

Pytho depressus (Linnaeus) of the family Pythidae is recorded in Korea for the first time. Pythidae is also introduced newly in Korea as one family of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. We provide photos of habitus and illustrations of aedeagus for identification.
Revision of Korean Aphanistes Föster (Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) with Description of a New Species
Authors: LEE Jong Wook , CHOI Jin Kyung
Published: March 2007

Korean species of the genus Aphanistes was revised. As a result, description of a nocturnal species, Aphanistes nocturnus new species, diagnosis of all known species, and a revised key to Korean species are provided.
Immune‐Enhancing Activity Screening on Extracts from Two Crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus and Teleogryllus emma
Authors: Dong‐Hwan SEO , HWANG Seock‐Yeon , HAN Jikhyon , KOH Sang‐Kyun , KIM Iksoo , RYU Kang Sun , YUN Chi‐Young
Published: March 2007

This study was performed to explore novel and valuable uses of insect resources, important subjects of the natural compound used in bio‐industries. The whole bodies of two crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus and Teleogryllus emma, selected from medicinal insect species, were carefully ground and treated with 80% EtOH. The insect extracts were solubilized and separated by hexane, butanol, and D.W according to their polarities. Three types of extracts, a D.W fraction (G1) and a boiling extract (G2) of an introduced cricket, G. bimaculatus, and a D.W fraction (T1) of a Korean local cricket, T. emma, were prepared to assay immune stimulating activity of cricket originated compounds. The all of three treated cricket extracts showed to increase IL‐4, IFN‐, and TNF‐α. Among those extract, extract G2, boiled extract from G. bimaculatus, was the best immune–enhancing fraction. The results of this study could be fundamental information for further works to use insects as natural resources having plenty of potentials and varieties.
Immature Stages of Tomapoderus(T.) ruficollis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Attelabidae) from Korea
Authors: PARK Jin Young , LEE Jong Eun
Published: March 2007

Eggs, larvae and pupae of Tomapoderus (T.) ruficollis Fabricius are described and illustrated. The species is found on host plants, Zelkova serrata Makino and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai. and is a well‐known forest pest. Taxonomic notes and cradle structure of this species are provided.
A Taxonomic Study of Korean Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tetrigoidea)
Authors: KIM Tae‐Woo , KIM Jin‐Ill
Published: March 2007

A Taxonomic study of Korean Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tetrigoidea) is revised. Twelve species are recognized including two species (Tetrix silvicultrix Ichikawa and T. minor Ichikawa) recorded for the first time in Korea. Keys and photographs of habitus for species are provided.
Taxonomic Review of the Tribe Ulomini (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) in Korea
Authors: KIM Jin Ill , KIM Su‐Yeon
Published: March 2007

The tribe Ulomini of Korean Tenebrionidae is reviewed taxonomically. Korean Ulomini recorded to three genera and six species, Cneocnemis laminipes Gebien, Uloma marseuli Nakane, U. latimanus Kolbe, U. excisa Nakane, U. bonzica Marseul, Eutochia lateralis (Boheman). We have found that U. exciza was misidentified U. bonzica, and E. lateralis was not distributed in Korea as the result of this study. We confirm that two genera and four species are distributed in Korea. A key to diagnosis of the genera and species, and figures of these species are presented.
A New Record of Larerannis miracula (Prout) from Korea (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
Authors: CHOI Sei‐Woong , KIM Sung‐Soo
Published: March 2007

An ennomine species, Larerannis miracula (Prout, 1929), is newly recorded from Korea. Description of the adult and life history and illustration of male genitalia are provided.
External Structures of the Antennae and Mouth Parts of the Fourth Instar of Chironomus flaviplumus and Chironomus salinarius (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: KIM Myoung Chul , CHUN Dong Jun , HAN Sung Sik
Published: March 2007

Chironomidae is usually the most abundant macroinvetebrate in freshwater. They form an important part of the foodweb, and also have long been known as indicators of water quality. However, there is a great deal of difficulty in its identification. Such is due to the complexity of larval taxonomy. The external fine structures of the mouth parts and antennae of 4th instar larva C. flaviplumus and C. salinarius were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antennae of the fourth instar larvae of C. flaviplumus and C. salinarius are short and composed of five segments. They consist of a scape, pedical, and three flagellar subsegments. The maxilla palps have 10 sensilla basiconica on its distal surface. They show the three morphological groups in the following numbers: six apical sensillae, three medial sensillae, and one lateral sensillae. The mandibles have strong apical and lateral teeth. These sensory structures are situated on the head capsule, each of which are represented with images to elucidate the identification of chironomidae.
Production of Recombinant Hinnavin II/MSH Hybrid in Insect Cells
Authors: BANG In Seok , PARK Seung Hwan , KANG Chang Soo , BANG Sun Kwon
Published: March 2007

The increasing problem of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria requires development of new antimicrobial agents. For the purpose of this study, a cDNA encoding hinnavin II‐α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (hin/MSH) hybrid was chemically synthesized, annealed, and then cloned into transfer vector pBacPAK 9 for expression in Sf21 insect cells. Recombinant hin/MSH (rhin/MSH) hybrid was efficiently produced in baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) as a hybrid peptide. The antibacterial activity of the rhin/MSH hybrid was compared to that of the recombinant hinnavin II (rhin), using inhibition zone and overlay assay. This new recombinant hybrid peptide may serve as an attractive candidate for powerful novel class of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals.
A Taxonomic Study of Korean Acridinae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acrididae)
Authors: KIM Tae‐Woo , KIM Jin‐Ill
Published: March 2007

Five species of Korean Acridinae are recognized as a result of taxonomic investigation. A key, figures of male genitalia, and description of little known species Ceracris nigricornis laeta (Bolívar) are provided.
Taxonomic Review of the Family Lycidae (Coleoptera) in Korea
Authors: KIM Jin Ill , KANG Tae Hwa
Published: March 2007

We reviewed the family Lycidae in Korea. The Korean Lycidae was recorded to fourteen species under eight genera until now. However, the taxonomy of Korean species was conducted without comparative analysis. We revised the Korean Lycidae to eleven species under seven genera of two subfamilies. Also, we provided the key to subfamilies, gernera, and species including illustrations of pronotum and aedeagus, the photos of adult habitus.
A New Record of Ischyja manlia (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Catocalinae) from Korea
Authors: SOHN Jae Cheon , CHOI Sei‐Woong , CHO Soowon
Published: March 2007

Ischyja manlia (Cramer), a probable vagrant species of Noctuidae, is reported for the first time from Korea. Descriptions and photographs of adult habitus and genitalia, and distributional note are provided.
Evaluation of Repellency Effect of Two Natural Aroma Mosquito Repellent Compounds, Citronella and Citronellal*
Authors: KIM Jeong‐Kyu , KANG Chang‐Soo , LEE Jong‐Kwon , KIM Young‐Ran , HAN Hye‐Yun , YUN Hwa Kyung
Published: March 2007

Repellent efficacies of two natural aroma compounds, citronella and citronellal, against mosquitoes, Culex pipiens pallens, were evaluated both in field and in vitro. In vitro, the experiment was conducted with three controlled bands impregnated with 30% citronella extract, 15% citronella extract and 30% citronellal extract, and with bands impregnated 30% citronella in field. Data was obtained by the means of counting numbers bitten by mosquitoes per unit time, namely human bait method. Percentage repellencies of above three controlled bands were calculated at 86%, 73%, and 78%, respectively in vitro, and 80% in field, showing high repellent effectiveness against mosquitoes. This estimation was also confirmed by t‐test compared between control group and each experimental group.
Screening of Necrotizing Spiders in Korea Using Nonradioactive Sphingomyelinase Assay (I) Wandering Spiders
Authors: MOON Myung‐Jin , AN Jeong‐Su , CHOI Yong‐Seok
Published: March 2007

There are now more than 40,000 identified spider species in the world, and considered about 100 species as actually dangerous to human. Spider bites cause a range of symptoms from simple swellings to disfiguring necrotic lesions, and occasionally death. While spider bites are not a major medical problem in Korea, it would be of great value to know which species of spiders pose a threat to human health. A middle molecular weight protein, sphingomyelinase D, has been identified in the venom of the brown recluse spider and strong evidence suggests that they have a major role in spider bite necrosis. For the identification of necrotizing species, we have investigated using recently developed non‐radioactive assay of sphingomyelinase for rapidly screening the necrotizing venoms. Here, we demonstrate the fetal toxicity of total 57 species (32 genera, 9 families) of the wandering spiders among 622 identified spider species in Korea. It has been revealed that two species of the Thomisidae spider, Ozyptila nongae (0.2467) and Diaea subdola (0.2020) have the strongest sphingomyelinase activities among themselves. In addition one species of the family Pisauridae, Dolomedes sulfureus (0.2341) has also relatively higher value comparing to other wandering spiders. However comparing to that of the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa (1.814) in North America the necrotizing activities of these Korean wandering species are still very low state, so there seems to be little possibilities to create serious medical problems by the necrotizing arachnidism in Korean peninsula.
Four New Species of Xenylla (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) from Korea
Authors: Byung‐Hoon LEE , Nam‐Yee PARK , Kyung‐Hwa PARK
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT Four new species of the collembolan genus Xenylla, X. convexopyga, X. longistriata, X. dotata and X. marina from Korea are described. X. convexopyga is characterized by an absence of the dorsal seta m3 on Th. II‐III. While the other three new species share similarities in dorsal chaetotaxic characters. However, they are dissimilar in the following respects: ventral chaetotaxy, body colour, presence or absence of inner teeth on unguis, the length proportion of abdominal segments and thoracic segments, arrangement of anal papillae and the general shape of apical bulb of fourth antennal segment. As a result of this study, a total of 25 species in 6 genera of Hypogastruridae have been recorded from the Korean Peninsula.
The impact of M&A experience on strategic HRM practices and organisational effectiveness: evidence from Greek firms
Authors: Nikandrou Irene , Papalexandris Nancy
Published: March 2007

Experience with mergers and acquisitions makes companies develop practices that enable them to handle the process more effectively. This study examines the practices that successful companies, with acquisition experience, adopt when managing their personnel. We examine strategic Human Resource (HR) practices that differentiate top‐performing from non‐top performing companies, using the 1999 Cranet data. Increased HR involvement in strategic decisions, formalisation of HR practices, building organisational capability through training and development activities, line management devolvement and internal labour market opportunities are the main strategic HR practices adopted by successful companies.
Working for the family
Authors: MacDonald Sandy , Liff Sonia
Published: March 2007

Recent writing about the ‘service encounter’ suggests that high‐quality service requires employee commitment and this will involve a more developed and sophisticated approach to HRM than has traditionally characterised the sector. Through an in‐depth study of a sample of high service level hotels in the US and UK this paper argues, in contrast, that commitment can be created through a workplace culture that draws on family discourses and practices. It explores the ways in which this culture is developed and endorsed by both management and employees. This approach to generating commitment has costs in terms of the time and priority employees can give to their ‘real’ friends and family. By drawing on the highly gendered and hierarchical organisation of the family, it is argued that culture also contributes to gender stereotyping and hierarchies within and outside the workplace in ways that limit women's career opportunities.