bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“O Menino e o Mundo”
Authors: Sousa de Macena Matheus , Dultra de Faro Menezes Letícia , Costa de Oliveira Franklyn Jeferson , De Melo Barros Lívia
Published: July 2021

A pesquisa foi feita com crianças escolares das zonas urbana e rural. O objetivo foi analisar os significados produzidos por elas acerca das desigualdades sociais mediadas pelo filme “O Menino e o Mundo”, a partir da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Através das transcrições e dos mapas de significados, percebeu-se que o modo como os significados são construídos e expressos pelas crianças está relacionado aos cenários socioeducacionais em que elas estão inseridas, especialmente sobre situações de opressão e de vulnerabilidade. O cinema facilita esse processo de mediação de sentidos, e os processos criadores devem ser explorados nas escolas, como um meio de superação das disparidades sociais.
Biopolítica, precariedade e educação
Authors: Guedes da Silva Robson
Published: July 2021

Este ensaio teórico busca apresentar as noções de biopolítica e precariedade mobilizadas pelos teóricos pós-estruturalistas Michel Foucault e Judith Butler. Foucault constrói sua noção de biopolítica pensando-a como a transformação das formas de poder desde o século XVIII, produzindo formas específicas de subjetividades instadas cada vez mais a uma racionalidade neoliberal. Judith Butler apresenta sua noção de precariedade - ou de vidas precárias - partindo da problematização do luto e da violência, percebendo-os como operadores de poder, produzindo formas de vidas danificadas, não passíveis de luto. Ambas as noções pensadas junto ao campo da educação evidenciam como práticas biopolíticas em tempos neoliberais produzem, inclusive na educação, formas diversas de precariedade, corpos que não importam. As contribuições desses teóricos neste ensaio, pensadas junto Ã  educação, podem articular novos problemas ao pensamento, mobilizando, a partir de suas noções, contra-produções que incitam novas possibilidades de habitar o presente e viver uma vida vivível.
Replicar, publicar e perecer
Authors: De Lima Carlos Eduardo , Coelho Rodrigues Caio César , Pereira Jussara Jéssica
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste ensaio é compreender a produção científica da área da Administração no Brasil como uma construção análoga Ã  mercadoria. Considerando o pensamento marxista, descreve-se um paralelo entre os conceitos de trabalho e mercadoria em Marx que ajudam a refletir sobre a pesquisa e a publicação científica nacional. Os debates que consideram as interseções entre o produtivismo acadêmico, a autonomia de pensamento intelectual e o mimetismo internacional ainda são escassos, dessa forma trouxemos uma discussão sobre a área de Administração no Brasil, seus paradoxos e suas fragilidades. A principal contribuição deste ensaio é trazer uma perspectiva crítica para continuar a discussão sobre o produtivismo acadêmco.
Fragmentos cotidianos
Authors: Milone de Freitas Travassos Sônia Maria
Published: July 2021

O livro “Infância Crônica” (2019), foi escrito por integrantes do Grupo de Pesquisa Infância e Cultura Contemporânea, ao longo do desenvolvimento do projeto “Fisionomias da infância: experiências cotidianas, alteridades e deslocamentos”, da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Organizado por Rita Ribes e Raíza Venas, apresenta 35 crônicas que focalizam crianças no mundo contemporâneo e suas relações com a cultura, com a cidade, com seus pares e com adultos.
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"Sabe por que a gente escreve? Para ser amado” - Foucault e os arquivos
Authors: Ratusniak Célia , De Assis César Maria Rita
Published: July 2021

O artigo problematiza a experiência de pesquisar os arquivos de Michel Foucault, depositados na Biblioteca Nacional da França. Relata como se tornaram Tesouro Nacional e explica como estão organizados. Junto a essa experiência, apresenta o Foucault pesquisador e suas incursões pelas bibliotecas e o seu fascínio pelos arquivos. Localiza as fontes usadas para algumas de suas obras a partir de entrevistas, livros, apresentações, introduções escritas por ele mesmo, pelo biógrafo Didier Eribon, por seus debatedores e por declarações daqueles que o conheceram. Constrói um retrato do Foucault pesquisador e seu minucioso trabalho com os arquivos que resultou em sua produção teórica. O trabalho recebeu financiamento da CAPES ”“ Brasil. Código de Financiamento 001.
GAMIFIKASI DAN KORELASINYA DENGAN MINAT MENGUNJUNGI ULANG PADA MARKETPLACE “X”
Authors: Wicaksono Bimo , Subari Fransiska Anita
Published: July 2021

How people enjoy games, especially online games, is seen as an opportunity to attract visitors, in this case marketplace visitors. In contrast to offline stores where visitor traffic can be increased through various gimmicks, events, and so on. One of the efforts that the marketplace can make to increase visitor traffic is through the provision of online game services. The fun, addictive nature of the game has made market participants interested in incorporating game elements into a business that is not related to games. This became known as gamification. Marketplace X is one of the marketplaces that provides gamification game services. With repeated visitors accessing the gamification, it is hoped that the marketing efforts of Marketplace X will be exposed to users. This study intends to determine whether there is a relationship between gamification and the interest in revisiting the marketplace. This study uses quantitative research methods supported by SPSS data processing tools to test hypotheses. The data collection technique uses a purposive sampling technique in which the respondents are those who have played gamification in marketplace X and are domiciled in the city of Bandung. The results show that the gamification offered by Marketplace X is considered good by respondents and respondents have a high intention to revisit the marketplace in the future. In addition, there is a fairly strong correlation between gamification and re-visit intention. Therefore, Marketplace X needs to manage its gamification well to attract repeat visits, which is one way to marketing its products.
Keywords: gamification, online games, marketplace, re-visit intention
I’ll show you what I witnessed. Children’s abilities to use non-anatomical dolls in forensic interviewing
Authors: Hartley Christiana
Published: July 2021

Two studies examined the effectiveness of using non-anatomical (non-AD) dolls as an interview tool, to aid children's communication about body positioning. In the first study, 49 6-8-year-old children took part in a game. Thirty minutes to an hour later, they were interviewed using the Specialist Child Witness Interview model. This was done verbally or with the opportunity to use non-AD dolls to clarify their own and others' body positioning. There was no difference in the amount of information reported nor the accuracy of children's reports when comparing both conditions. To complement the first study, the second study examined jurors' perceptions of children's abilities to use non-AD dolls. Non-AD dolls were generally thought to be helpful, but jurors identified some risks. However, jurors did not have strong beliefs about how non-AD dolls would influence the evidence that children provided. When jurors viewed a video of a child recounting a past event, their beliefs about non-AD dolls were more influential when evaluating a child's credibility than whether or not a non-AD doll was used during the interview. Overall, even when used in conjunction with evidence-based techniques, these findings do not support the use of non-AD dolls to help communicate body positioning in child forensic interviewing.
Financial Globalization, Output Gap and Foreign Output Gap on inflation: Evidenced from Developing Economies
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Azhar , Chaudhry Imran Sharif , Rehman Hafeez-ur- , Bashir Furrukh
Published: July 2021

This paper covers previous studies' deficiencies and re-examine the theoretical model using a heterogeneous panel GMM technique, which overcomes cross-section dependency. In the current sample of developing nations, developed two models'; model 1 consists of the domestic output gap, and the second model includes the foreign output gap. According to model 1, foreign globalization and imports boost the inflation level in developing countries and disaggregation analysis (low, lower-middle, and upper-middle-income countries). The output gap impedes inflation in overall, lower-middle, and upper-middle-income countries, while it boosts inflation in low-income nations. And unemployment level increases the inflation rate in the overall and middle-income groups, while in low- and high-income countries, it decreases. According to the second model, foreign globalization and the foreign output gap boost overall low-income, middle-income, and upper-middle-income groups. While import reduces the inflation level globally, while in low-income, middle-income, and upper-middle-income groups, it increases inflation. Finally, the unemployment level boosts the global inflation level and as well as in low income, and it impedes inflation rate in upper-middle-income group. Despite this, there is considerable variation in countries' effect, perhaps due to differences in political institutions' quality, central bank independence, exchange rate systems, financial development, and legal traditions.
Educación e investigación: modelos de gestión organizacional
Authors: Sarmiento Osorio Martha Isabel
Published: July 2021

Realiza una revisión documental de tres modelos de gestión organizacional, los cuales hacen mención a un trabajo que versa sobre la relación con el entorno, experiencias, conocimientos y contextos; de la misma manera, se abordan tres estudios hechos por diferentes autores, donde se explica con la mayor claridad posible cómo se desarrolló cada una de sus miradas. La autora, hace una opción en este capítulo, por el modelo de gestión organizacional basado en el logro de objetivos, por cuanto tiene en cuenta la interacción de las dimensiones del desarrollo humano, condiciones de trabajo y productividad, evidencia en la calidad de los entregables, a través de los cuales hacen mediciones de desempeño de carácter individual o grupal y el cumplimiento de las actividades para dar alcance a los objetivos que se trazan en las empresas, para alcanzar el éxito y así lograr ser más productivos en todos los sentidos.
¿Por qué los estudiantes de altos semestres de la facultad de medicina abandonan o disminuyen la práctica de actividad física? Y como estos comportamientos aumentan los riesgos de enfermedades
Authors: Barrera Barrios Leonardo Fabio
Published: July 2021

En este artículo, el autor hace alusión a una problemática que afecta a toda la población a nivel mundial, especialmente a los jóvenes universitarios y principalmente a los estudiantes de medicina, quienes según sus indagaciones, presentan altos niveles de inactividad física (IF), relacionados con el sedentarismo (SD), convirtiéndose en el cuarto factor de riesgo modificable de las Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles (ECNT), las cuales afectan la salud y la calidad de vida (CV) de esta población (Moreno B. 2018). De acuerdo con la revisión epistemológica realizada para el capítulo, los niveles de realización de AF reportados en estos estudiantes son inferiores a los observados en la población general. Concluye Leonardo Fabio, que son una multiplicidad de factores que llevan a los estudiantes universitarios, en especial a los de medicina, a adquirir hábitos y estilos de vida poco saludables, siendo los principales obstáculos reportados por ellos, la falta de tiempo y falta de apoyo social, así como el poco gusto por la actividad física, aspectos que hacen pensar en la necesidad de proponer estrategias de intervención en temas de promoción y prevención de (AF) y el (EJ), dirigidas hacia el desarrollo de hábitos de vida saludables, el mejoramiento de la CV y a la prevención de enfermedades de la población de estudiantes universitarios, en especial los de medicina.
Evaluación integral evaluación de 360º feed-back 360°
Authors: Charris Hernández Fernando José , Castro Florián Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2021

Es importante que tanto las universidades como los sitios de práctica a nivel hospitalario, le hagan un adecuado entrenamiento a los médicos especialistas, con el objetivo de poder impartir un conocimiento y hacer una verdadera evaluación de los estudiantes; es decir, se requiere darle a los médicos especialistas suficientes y adecuados instrumentos para que la evaluación permita determinar el grado de conocimiento, habilidad y destreza de los estudiantes para el manejo integral de las patologías y del mismo paciente.
Er-Toshtyuk (Kyrgyz folk epic)
Authors: Narozia Volodymyr , Vaskiv Mykola
Published: July 2021

Volodymyr Narozya translated the Kyrgyz folk epic into Ukrainian. Mykola Vaskiv submitted a scientific commentary on the translation.
Archpriest Serhii Afonskyi (1889–1963)
Authors: (Oleksii) Bozhko Hieromonk Mitrophan
Published: July 2021

The article examines the life of Kyiv Archpriest Serhii Afonskyi based on the integrated use of archival and published materials, including memories of his family members and contemporaries. It reveals Serhii Afonskyi’s family connections with well-known representatives of the Kyiv clergy and gives the main milestones of his formation and service as a priest. The study pays special attention to his academic activity at the Kyiv Theological Seminary during 1947–1960s. As a rector (December 23, 1946 — December 30, 1949), Archpriest Serhii Afonskyi solved all economicadministrative and educational-methodological issues, and recruited students for the seminary. Twice during his rectorship, he had to remake unsuitable premises for the seminary’s auditoriums and dormitories: first time in the monastic cells of St Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery in 1946–1947 and the second time in the stylobate of St Andrew’s Church in 1949. As chief of the library (December 1949 — December 20, 1952), he worked to increase its collection and to get it registered with government agencies. However, during all the years the Kyiv Theological Seminary existed in the Soviet Union, teaching was the most important task of Archpriest Serhii Afonskyi. In different years he taught catechism, dogmatic theology, and the Holy Scripture of the Old and New Testaments. As a pastor and pedagogue, he spiritually and intellectually shaped the personalities of future priests in the difficult conditions of a totalitarian atheistic regime. Alongside the performing academic duties, Serhii Afonskyi carried out no less important ministry: he served as the first priest in Kyiv Protection convent since 1948.
Education Development Issue in Activity of Kyiv City Council in 1906–1910s: Based on Information from Periodicals
Authors: Ivanyuk Oleh , Martianova Yana
Published: July 2021

The article considers the development of education in Kyiv in the early twentieth century. Particular attention is paid to the efforts of the City Council to build a network of educational institutions and implement the task of meeting the educational needs of the population of the suburbs and outskirts. It is revealed that the activity of the Duma, the cadence of 1906–1910s in the field of education was mainly limited to financial and economic affairs. Discussion of land allocation for the construction of educational institutions became the subject of sharp political discussions of vowels and became an obstacle to the rapid settlement of urgent educational processes. Through the efforts of the Duma of 1906–1910, the network of educational institutions was expanded to meet the needs of the growing city. During the cadence, 7 new single-grade schools were opened, a four-grade school named after Tsarevich Oleksiy and a women’s two-grade school. The Duma helped ensure access to education in all corners of the city, thanks to which the sixth gymnasium was opened in Lukyanivka, where until 1908 there were no educational institutions at all. Kyiv City Duma has repeatedly turned its attention to the maintenance of schools and their financial support. All of this required the flexibility of public decisions to settle the cost of school equipment and rent payments. The most important achievement was the development of a project of the city school network with a financial plan for general education with a implementation period of 12 years. A significant achievement was the census of school-age children. Based on the obtained statistical data, the school commission was able to make calculations and set an approximate vector of educational needs for Kyiv. The most informative sources that allow to cover in detail the decision-making process and the political struggle over the development of education are Kyiv periodicals, in particular, «Kyivlianyn» and «Rada».
Soviet Forces and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 in Educational Publications for Ukrainian Universities
Authors: Varadi Natalia
Published: July 2021

Educational publications are an integral part of the historiographical process. Their content is affected by academic traditions. Textbooks are also a multilayer cultural product and form of expression of critical thinking of historians. They also influence the choice of learning strategy. The educational text contents cognitive, regulatory and reflexive information. Thus, it is important as the contradictory phenomena and events of the past, such as the actions of Soviet forces in Hungary of 1956, are conveyed in publications of this kind. To consider how these actions are presented in textbooks for high schools is important for a theoretical understanding of the level of these educational publications and to outline the prospects for their improvement. The subject of the study is the interpretation of the role of Soviet forces during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 in textbooks and manuals for universities published in the independent Ukraine. The article is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity; analysis, synthesis, comparative historical method. The main features of the research are the location and interrogation of all the appropriate educational publications to dissolve a problem. The participation of Soviet troops in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 is covered in a similar way in the analysed textbooks and manuals except at first the losses of the Soviets. The story is slightly misrepresented in two manuals. O. Ivanytska covered the topic in the most balanced way. Emotional expressions do not interfere with the achievement of the main educational goal of the textbooks and manuals. There are no relations between their content and timing. In general, it is desirable for students to study all the analysed educational publications at the same time.
State of Peasant Land Ownership in Hlukhiv, Konotop and Krolevets Counties of Chernihiv Province (mid 19 — beginning 20 century)
Authors: Nikitin Yurii
Published: July 2021

The article analyses the land structure of the peasants of Hlukhiv, Konotop and Krolevets counties of Chernihiv province as a result of the reform of 1861 in the middle of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Certain regional features of the process of land allotment of peasants of different categories are indicated. The common features and peculiarities of the realization of the Little Russian and Great Russian positions, drafting and implementing of charters and land surveying are determined. The counties that used the Little Russian and Great Russian positions are shown (or both at the same time). The sizes of peasant plots and duties for them are shown. The examples illustrate the protection of the interests of landlords by the authorities when endowing peasants of different categories of land. The principles of selection of peace mediators and the level of efficiency of their work, as well as approaches to the creation of peace sites are highlighted. The pace of the surveying process and its consequences for different categories of peasants are analysed.
Myths and misconceptions related to unsaturated soil mechanics
Authors: Fredlund Delwyn
Published: July 2021

There have been three main pillars associated with the development of an applied engineering science for both saturated and unsaturated soil mechanics; namely, i) the synthesis of continuum mechanics theories of physical behavior, ii) the laboratory measurement of relevant soil properties, and iii) analyses that illustrate the solution of practical example problems. Geotechnical engineers have, however, been relatively slow in adopting unsaturated soil mechanics into geotechnical engineering practice. There have been several so-called “myths or misconceptions” that appear to have hindered the application of unsaturated soil mechanics. This paper attempts to describe and dispel what are deemed to be misconceptions related to the more general implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics into engineering practice. The so-called “myths” come from the acceptance of false information related to unsaturated soil behavior and a hesitancy to embrace changes to existing empirical protocols. Several misconceptions are identified in the paper that are related to: i) complexity of unsaturated soil mechanics theories, ii) inability to readily measure soil suctions in-situ, iii) the nonlinearity of unsaturated soil property functions, iv) permanency of soil suctions above the water table, v) difficulties associated with assessing ground surface moisture flux conditions, and vi) difficulties associated with numerical modeling that involves solving nonlinear partial differential equations. Each of the above-mentioned items are dealt with as myths or misconceptions in the sense of being impediments to the application of unsaturated soil mechanics in geotechnical engineering practice.
Del registro al archivo: el devenir de la imagen etnográfica en el Instituto Nacional Indigenista
Authors: Martínez López Julieta , Soto Cortés Tzutzumatzin
Published: July 2021

El presente texto expone el contexto y las condiciones que dieron origen a la creación del Archivo Etnográfico Audiovisual (AEA) en el Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI), hoy Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas (INPI), con el objetivo de reconocer los discursos que configuran el impulso de generar y coleccionar imágenes etnográficas. El análisis indaga sobre qué le da la característica de archivo al AEA y cuáles son los discursos que al plantear el rescate de culturas proponen la preservación de imágenes reunidas en archivos.
Tramas y urdimbres: el universo textil en las películas del Archivo Etnográfico Audiovisual
Authors: Rivera García Mariana Xochiquétzal
Published: July 2021

El arte textil está presente en la mayoría de las representaciones culturales de lo mexicano. Este tema ha atraído la mirada de diversos antropólogos que han investigado cómo las prácticas textiles confieren identidad, sentido y significado a los pueblos originarios. Partimos de la idea de que el lenguaje textil es una forma de representar el mundo que transmite la experiencia y el conocimiento sobre el entorno y donde se construye una mirada propia. ¿Es posible que el lenguaje etnográfico audiovisual transmita este conocimiento? ¿Qué analogías existen entre el lenguaje textil y el lenguaje cinematográfico? Este artículo analiza películas del Archivo Etnográfico Audiovisual que registran, describen y narran la práctica textil y su relación con otros ámbitos de la vida cotidiana entre diversos pueblos indígenas de México.
CREENCIAS IRRACIONALES Y SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EN EL PERSONAL DE SALUD DEL HOSPITAL JOSÉ MARÍA VELASCO IBARRA DE LA CIUDAD DEL TENA EN TIEMPO DE COVID-19
Authors: Aldás-Villacís Ana , Poveda-Ríos Mario
Published: July 2021

Resumen: Las creencias irracionales según los principios de la terapia racional emotiva, son pensamientos rígidos que perturban al individuo y obstaculizan metas; por otro lado, el síndrome de burnout es una respuesta inadecuada al estrés crónico, con síntomas como fatiga extrema y quebranto en los procesos emocionales y cognitivos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la relación entre creencias irracionales y síndrome de burnout en el personal de salud del Hospital José María Velasco Ibarra de la ciudad del Tena en tiempo de COVID-19. La metodología utilizada fue cuantitativa, no experimental, de tipo correlacional y corte transversal. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Creencias Irracionales (TCI) y Maslasch Burnout Inventory Human Services (MBI-HSS). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 241 profesionales de salud (28.6 % masculino y 71.4 % femenino), en edades entre 25 a 57 años (= 32.70); (Ds= 6.97); todos pertenecen a la ciudad del Tena, Provincia del Napo, Ecuador. El resultado obtenido en creencias irracionales con niveles altos corresponde a evitación de problemas. Con respecto al síndrome de burnout, la despersonalización y baja realización personal presentan niveles altos. La relación entre creencias irracionales y síndrome de burnout depende del análisis independiente entre subniveles. Mostrando una relación negativa entre despersonalización y culpabilización, y dependencia; no obstante, la realización personal se enlaza con altas auto expectativas, culpabilización, influencia del pasado y perfeccionismo.
COVID 19 y el sistema carcelario del ecuador: Diagnóstico en épocas de pandemia
Authors: Pacheco Mauricio Enrique , Guerrero Vela Brenda Viviana
Published: July 2021

El fenómeno sanitario del COVID 19 ha constituido una de las afectaciones más grandes que ha tenido la sociedad mundial después de la segunda guerra mundial. El nivel de afectación ha sido general porque no existe una sociedad en el mundo que no haya sido afectada por las consecuencias del virus. Todos los países desde sus propias particularidades han dado respuestas que con el pasar de los meses y la acentuación del nivel de contagios y de muertes se homogenizaron relativizando los efectos en la sociedad moderna donde las primeras víctimas fueron los ancianos, las personas que vivían en condiciones sanitarias precarias, en aquellas personas con enfermedades terminales o de alto riesgo y en las personas que se encuentra recluidas en los centros de privación de libertad. La realidad frente a este problema es preocupante. La pandemia nos encuentra con un sistema penitenciario colapsado por la falta de salubridad, por la ausencia de control estatal al interior de las cárceles y por un hacinamiento escandaloso producto de una política procesal penal y penitenciaria de mano dura que es renuente a aceptar las recomendaciones realizadas por organismos internacionales para disminuir estos fenómenos que salvarán vidas de privados de libertad. Este artículo devela la forma cómo el Estado ecuatoriano desarticula los compromisos adquiridos y estas recomendaciones que aparenta cumplirlas pero que en verdad no las implementa de la forma efectiva y eficaz.
educación virtual implementada por las instituciones de educación superior ecuatorianas en la pandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Yépez Moreno Alba Guadalupe
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo analiza aspectos operativos de la implementación del proceso educativo virtual en la educación superior ecuatoriana, en la pandemia de la COVID 19. Se centra en el análisis de las circunstancias dadas en el paso abrupto de la educación presencial a una modalidad hibrida o en línea, denominada así, por el Consejo de Educación Superior, para continuar con la formación profesional. Es un estudio documental bibliográfico, que revelan varias limitaciones del sistema de educación superior para implementar el proceso de educación virtual de manera técnica, considerando la estructura tecnológica necesaria, una capacitación oportuna del personal académico, la participación inclusiva del estudiantado en los procesos académicos, entre otros.
Reactivación de la Economía Ecuatoriana durante la Pandemia por COVID – 19
Authors: Huilca Huilca Deicy Morelia , Baño Carvajal Ángela Estefanía
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo analiza las medidas económicas impulsadas por el ejecutivo para reactivar la economía post COVID-19, identificando las mismas y describiendo de qué manera se instaura las estrategias en los sectores productivos agrícola, industrial y financiero. Se recoge cifras actuales que revelan la grave situación en la economía del Estado, a consecuencia de la paralización de actividades productivas. Se consideró realizar el seguimiento de estos después del estado de excepción por la emergencia sanitaria COVID-19, recurriendo a la aplicación del método deductivo ya que se originó de un problema afecta a la economía ecuatoriana dejando en evidencia el desequilibrio que le imposibilita superar la crisis económica por COVID-19. Por tal razón, se necesita de políticas de calidad para impulsar la economía apoyados en los sectores estratégicos más representativos al PIB. El BCE y el FMI, analizan las perspectivas de crecimiento y recuperación económica del país para el periodo 2021-2025, de ahí que las proyecciones encaminadas a recuperar el dinamismo de la economía se apoyan en la reciente Ley Humanitaria para potenciar la economía, mejorar la productividad mediante la innovación, aprovechar las oportunidades para un crecimiento sostenible mediante el apoyo esencialmente del Gobierno y de otras instituciones privadas.
In Vitro Genotoxic Effects of Sarcocystis gigantea Cystizoites Acetone Powder Extract on Sheep Lymphocytes
Authors: Bayati Saad M H
Published: July 2021

The toxin of the protozoan intracellular parasite of sheep Sarcocystis gigantea is associated with many clinical and pathological signs. The aim of the study was to investigate In Vitro various chromosomal aberrations due to sarcocystosis infection. Macrocysts of Sarcocystis gigantea were isolated from local karadi sheep, homogenized with glass Dounce homogenizer; acetone powder was prepared from it and used in various concentrations to investigate the chromosomal aberration in vitro against sheep lymphocytes. The direct effects of parasite cystizoites acetone powder revealed various genotoxicity effects. These effects included chromosomal aberration (Isogap, Breaks and Dicentrics) and chromatids aberration (Gap and Deletion). It had also an effect on the mitotic index of the lymphocyte cells division. These genotoxicities were studied for the first time with in vitro technique using sheep lymphocytes. These results reflected that Sarcocystis gigantean parasite could cause structural and internal aberration in the chromosomes of their hosts.
Comparison of Histomorphometric Study of Chromaffin Cells in Adult Males Squirrel (Sciurusanomalus) and Hamster (Mesocricetusauratus)
Authors: Kadhim Abdulrazzaq B , Khaleel Iman M
Published: July 2021

The adrenal glands are endocrine glands that produce a diversity of hormones comprising of adrenaline, the aldosterone and cortisol. The present study aimed at investigation of the histomorphometric features of chromaffin cells. There were two types of chromaffin cells. In squirrel, the first type was columnar in shape and brownish in color contained spherical nucleus located at the base of cells, which represented the epinephrine secreting cells, and the second type was polygonal in shape and light brownish in color contained spherical nucleus located in the center of cells, which represented the norepinephrine secreting cells. The adrenal medulla of hamster consists almost entirely of columnar or polyhedral chromaffin cells forming clusters and anastomosing cords separated by sinusoids, giving a strong reaction with methylene eosin stain more than that seen in squirrel. The statistical analysis showed that the means diameter of epinephrine cells and norepinephrine cells in the right adrenal gland in squirrel were lesser than those of hamster significantly at P<0.05, but in the left adrenal gland in squirrel the means were greater than those of hamster significantly at P<0.05. In conclusion, the present findings showed the reaction of chromaffin cells of hamster with methylene –eosin stain to be stronger than with hematoxylin-eosin stain, while the opposite was true in case of the squirrel.
Assessment of rangelands condition in low rainfall savannah of Sudan
Authors: Mohamedalmontasir AM Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Vegetation measurement was conducted on the rangelands of Western Darfur State at Zalingei locality at late rainy season of 2015 and 2016. The purpose of the study was to assess range condition through determining forage production and herbaceous cover at western part of Zalingei town. The sampling procedure was based on locating random ten (10) transects and two quadrats in each transect were chosen, the herbaceous assessments included composition, species frequency, cover, density and biomass. The results showed that overgrazing was considered as the major factor responsible for the low vegetation cover and yield in the study area due to the concentration of high numbers of animals during the rainy season. The result indicated that continuous intense grazing causing vegetation changes such as the replacement of palatable grasses by less palatable plant species. Further research works is needed to monitoring vegetation change and to assess the rangelands for their improvement and management.
Monitoring noise level in cities: A step towards urban environmental quality management in Nigeria
Authors: MeeluBari Barinua Tsaro Kpang  , Osademe Chukwudi Dollah
Published: July 2021

Noise as an undesirable sound within non-occupational settings is one of the several identified environmental problems across the world. It is an increasing common feature of urban areas attributable to road, rail, and air traffic sources as well as construction and industrial activities, commercial enterprise, and such familiar domestic sources as pets and radios/stereos from residential neighborhood. Noise is a major pollution which constitutes nuisances and health related consequences of significant negative impacts on the physical, social, physiological and psychological wellbeing of man or animals. It is notably evident that increased activities from industrialization and technological transfers/drifts are the bedrock of urban noise in majority of our rapid growing cities at present. At the instance of sufficient evidence that noise aggravates chronic illnesses like hypertension and other cardiopulmonary diseases, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Federal Environment Protection Agency (FEPA) (Nigeria) has strategically set standards and limits of allowable noise levels which unfortunately is not implemented and enforced in most cities, thereby leading to urban quality deterioration. Noise pollution occurs when it is observed that standards are exceeded, therefore concerted efforts in monitoring and regulating our environmental noise is recommended to avert the scourge of further debasement of environmental quality in our cities.
Assessment of the Impact of Physical Activity on Intraocular Pressure in Young People
Authors: Malachkova N. V. , Veretelnyk S. P. , Pliushko R. I.
Published: July 2021

The aim. To assess intraocular pressure (IOP) values in medical students before and after exercise and to analyze the possible relationship between body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and IOP. Materials and methods. Examinations were conducted in 77 young people (154 eyes) aged 18-20 years without complaints and pathology of the eye. The study group consisted of 27 males (35 %) and 50 females (65 %). Assessment of IOP, SBP, DBP was performed at the beginning and after physical activities. Before the measurement, each student had a rest for 5-10 minutes for normalization of heart and respiratory rates. Blood pressure was measured on both hands. Intraocular pressure was measured using the Icare TA01I tonometer. Blood pressure was measured using Paramed X3 patient monitor. The duration of physical activity was ± 60 minutes and was divided into two parts. Results. According to the obtained results, there was no statistically significant difference between blood pressure levels before and after exercise, but it should be noted that after the exercise blood pressure rose by an average of 13 %. IOP before and after the exercises did not show statistically significant changes, but, from mathematical point of view, we could note the decrease in the average indicators of IOP for both eyes. IOP decrease was 3 % for the right eye and 2 % for the left eye. No relationship between the IOP rise and gender was noted. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, it was found that blood pressure and IOP after exercises in medical students with normal BMI and without concomitant pathology showed no significant changes.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Prestes Massena Elisa , Mesquita Nyuara , Machado Dorneles Aline , Milaré Tathiane , Hernandez Lindemann Renata
Published: July 2021

Este número temático visa contribuir para ampliar a reflexão a respeito das aprendizagens possibilitadas e potencializadas no âmbito da formação inicial de professores de Química, especialmente no contexto dos estágios supervisionados em diferentes regiões do país, bem como, partilhar experiências que destacam o papel da Escola como espaço de formação durante a realização do estágio.
Drug-induced esophagitis: pathogenetic mechanisms of development and modern approaches to the treatment
Authors: Zvyagintseva T. D. , Chernobay A. I.
Published: July 2021

The incidence of drug‑induced esophagitis is 3.9 cases per 100 thousand population per year. The risk factors of its development include polypharmacy in the treatment of elderly patients and patients’ polymorbidity, supine position during and within 30 minutes after taking the drug, insufficient water intake at administration of medicinal products, intake of large tablets and/or drugs in a gelatin capsule, presence of the comorbid esophageal pathology. Drug‑induced esophageal lesions appear due to both direct toxic actions of preparations and their effects on nervous system. Pathogenesis of the drug‑induced esophagitis presents the direct irritant effect and a violation of the cytoprotective barrier of the esophageal mucosa, which is especially pronounced with prolonged contact of irritants and can lead to damage to the esophageal epithelium.

Clinical symptoms of the drug‑induced esophagitis are varied and nonspecific: chest pain, heartburn, odynophagia, dysphagia, weight loss. Endoscopy is the gold standard of diagnosis, it allows revealing the esophageal lesions (erosions, bleedings, ulcers) as well as residual fragments of drugs. The diagnosis of drug‑induced esophageal lesions is often underestimated as they are often masked with gastroesophageal reflux disease and its phenotypes. The authors present data on the efficacious use of Hyalera preparation (combination of hyaluronic acid and alginate) at the drug‑induced esophagitis. The drug provides protective, anti‑inflammatory, anti‑edematous and reparative effects on the eophageal and stomach mucosa. Hyaluronic acid and alginate have a synergistic effect, reducing the severity and frequency of heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, protecting the esophageal mucosa, relieving symptoms of the disease and improving the quality of life of patients. Hyalera proved to be an effective agent to remove symptoms of reflux‑esophagitis, caused by administration of medicinal products.
Invasive diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Opanasenko M.S. , Shalagay S.M. , Tereshkovych O.V. , Konik B.M. , Levanda L.I. , Shamray M.Yu.
Published: July 2021

Objective — to study the need for and present our own experience of invasive diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

Materials and methods. Ananalysis of 210 case histories of inpatients with pulmonary dissemination syndrome who under went lung biopsy was performed. Patients were divided into 2 clinical groups depending on whether the diagnosis on admission coincided with the final diagnosis established after morphological examination of lung biopsies or not. The group I — 87 patients with the same diagnosis. The group II — 123 patients whose diagnosis did not match.

Results and discussion. 87 (70.7 %) patients from the II clinical group of the study on admission were diagnosed with sarcoidosis of the lungs and received certa in courses of specific treatment, while this disease after lung biopsy was diagnosed in only 10 (8.1 %) people. In sufficient diagnosis of lung cancer (lung carcinoma) — 4 (3.3 %) cases on admission and 37 (30.1 %) cases after lung biopsy and interstitial, granulomatous lung lesions or pneumonitis in systemic connectivet issue pathology — 4,3 %) cases before lung biopsy and 23 (18.7 %) after.The informativeness of the fibrobronchos copy was 87.5 %. In video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, intraoperative complications were recorded in 2 (1.4 %) and post operative complications in 5 (3.4 %) cases. The informativeness of the method was 94.7 %.

Conclusions. Invasive diagnosis of sarcoidosis is an effective safe way to diagnose, especially in complex cases and atypical clinical and radiological picture. Among invasive methods, preference should begiven to the least invasive, in stage I sarcoidosis — fibrobronchos copy, EBUS-TBNA, in stage II—III, VATS is optimal.
Hemopneumothorax and pneumothorax as complication of COVID­19 (cases from practice)
Authors: Duzhyi I.D. , Oleshchenko G.P. , Holubnichyi S.O. , Pak S.Ya. , Pak V.Ya.
Published: July 2021

There are two types of coronary infection: SARS-CоV and MERS-CоV. The following crown infection, COVID-19, has been reported in China. The disease has spread rapidly around the world, changing the rhythm of life in most countries. The consequences of this infection have not been fully appreciated by humanity as a whole. Because the virus mainly affects the vascular endothelium, complications can affect all organs and systems. The most common sign of the disease is shortness of breath and weakness. Shortness of breath is caused by hypoxemia and hypoxia. An objective manifestation of hypoxia is the level of oxygen saturation of the blood. When its value is less than 92—90 %, there is a need for oxygen therapy. The most common complications of COVID-19 are pneumonia (15.7—100 %), acute respiratory distress syndrome (3—90 %), and heart and liver damage (4—53 %). Given this, the attention of doctors is focused on the possibility of these complications. Traditionally, visual inspection (CT) is performed on days 12—18 of treatment. During this period, a number of complications can occur. Among the latter, which are manifested by shortness of breath, maybe pleural effusion syndrome, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pyopneumothorax. It is challenging to diagnose complications in the conditions of oxygen therapy and artificial ventilation, which determines the problem’s urgency.

Objective — is the need to share the experience of untimely diagnosis of complications such as pneumothorax and hemopneumothorax.

Materials and methods. There were three patients with COVID-19, complicated in two patients with pneumothorax, in one - hemopneumothorax under our supervision. Examinations were performed according to standard clinical methods using radio methods and pulse oximetry.

Results and discussion. Consultations of the department staff on external respiratory disorders and hypoxia with the use of physical methods allowed to state complications. All patients underwent drainage of the pleural cavity on the background of mechanical ventilation. Hemopneumothoraxwas confirmed in one of these patients. This patient survived. The other 2 died.

Conclusions. At active supervision of patients with COVID-19 with hypoxia signs, physical methods of inspection (palpation and percussion) should be applied regularly, not less than three times a day, and according to indications. Ultrasound or examination radiography is enough to confirm the complication.
COVID­19 and mental disorders: mechanisms of development and possibility of detection: a review
Authors: Shevchenko O.S. , Todoriko L.D. , Petrenko V.I. , Kiba V.P. , Pohorielova O.O.
Published: July 2021

Objective — to find the mainCOVID-19-associated psychiatric disorders and mechanisms of their development basing on the literature analysis.

Materials and methods. 112 literature sources from the PubMed database for the queries «Covid AND mental health», «Covid AND mental disorders» were analyzed and 36 of them were selected for detailed study.

Results and discussion. It were found that patients with COVID-19 often have multiple neurological and mental disorders, such as agitation (69 %), signs of damage to the corticospinal tract (67 %), confusion (65 %) and neuropsychological disorders (33 %). Among the mental disorders that are observed after a coronavirus disease, the most common are insomnia (42 %), decreased concentration and attention (38 %), anxiety (36 %), memory disorders (34 %), depression (33 %), confusion (28 %) and other disorders of consciousness (21 %). The most vulnerable contingents of the population are children, adolescents and the elderly, who suffer not only from the disease itself, but also from the consequences of isolation. Special attention should be paid to healthcare professionals, who often have anxiety (12—20 %), depression (15—25 %), insomnia (8 %) and post-traumatic stress disorder (35—49 %).

Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic has already profoundly strongly influenced the mental health of the population. This was especially reflected in such groups of the population as patients with psychiatric pathology, medical workers, the elderly and people in difficult financial situations. Given the potential for new waves of COVID-19 disease and increased quarantine restrictions, as well as the possibility of new epidemics in the future, it is important to make clear guidelines that will help mitigate the impact of the pandemic crisis and restrictive measures and prevent massive mental health deterioration.
Coronavirus disease (COVID­19): a review
Authors: Protsyuk R.G.
Published: July 2021

Currently, the COVID-19 epidemic is relevant all over the world and in Ukraine. The real generation of doctors and inhabitants of the planet have witnessed and participated in the pandemic COVID-19, which is under development. Most doctors have not previously dealt with coronavirus infection, which forces to develop tactics of organizational preventive and curative measures in the process of active work. Training of doctors of various specialties should be carried out on a permanent basis remotely or in absentia using all available sources of information. The main measures of non-specific individual and collective prevention with the introduction of quarantine are briefly presented. The article is intended primarily for physicians working with patients with COVID 19 and contact persons.The article is evaluated the epidemic situation with COVID-19 in Ukraine. To study the nature of the virus, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention.The analysis was performed of literature sources, own observations on coronavirus disease — COVID-19.The epidemic situation of COVID-19 is closely related to the observance of the mask regime and quarantine restrictions. The peculiarities of the clinical picture, laboratory, radiological diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 are analyzed.Based on a review of the scientific literature, basic data on the history of human coronavirus infections are presented. The etiology of COVID-19, epidemiology, pathogenesis, main clinical manifesta­tions, and classification by severity are described. Laboratory and hardware diagnostic methods are listed. The risk group for severe COVID-19 has been shown to include people > 60 years of age and those with comorbid conditions. COVID-19 is characterized not only by lung damage, but also by multiple organ damage. Indications for hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 and modern approaches to treatment are given. In treatment, the emphasis is on the use of pathogenetic therapy. The main measures of non-specific individual and collective prevention with the introduction of quarantine are briefly presented. The article is intended for physicians working with COVID-19 patients, family physicians, and general practitioners.