bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variante no reportada del gen THRB en un paciente con resistencia a hormonas tiroideas
Authors: Builes Montaño Carlos Esteban , Arroyo Ripoll Oriana F. , Contreras Saldarriaga Jorge E.
Published: July 2024

Introducción: las variantes en el gen del receptor de hormona tiroidea beta son la principal causa del síndrome de resistencia a las hormonas tiroideas (RHT), donde la herencia es autosómica dominante y se caracteriza por un descenso en la sensibilidad de los tejidos a las hormonas tiroideas, además, las manifestaciones clínicas son variables con síntomas de hiper o de hipotiroidismo.
Objetivo: documentar una variante genética potencialmente patogénica del gen      receptor de hormona tiroidea beta relacionada con síndrome de RHT no reportada en la literatura y proporcionar información sobre el abordaje diagnóstico.
Presentación del caso: masculino de 43 años con síntomas de hipertiroidismo a quien se le documentaron niveles elevados de T4 libre con una TSH inapropiadamente normal, resonancia magnética de silla turca simple y contrastada sin lesiones en la hipófisis y prueba de estímulo con TRH con respuesta adecuada, indicando un diagnóstico presuntivo de RHT, además, el estudio genético reveló una variante: c.1046_1047insCCTGGT (p.Val349_Ser350insLeuVal) en el gen THR-B, Se procedió al análisis bioinformático de la proteína, indicando ser patogénica con una confianza del 89,4?%.
Discusión y conclusión: la sospecha diagnóstica está dada por la discrepancia en los valores de tirotropina, tiroxina y triyodotironina, por lo que realizó un abordaje diagnóstico completo que descartó la interferencia en los ensayos, anormalidades del transporte de las hormonas tiroideas y en la tirotropinoma; la prueba de estímulo con TRH orientó el diagnóstico y la prueba genética su confirmación. Así, reportamos una nueva mutación relacionada con el fenotipo de síndrome resistencia a las hormonas tiroideas, donde este caso demostró la importancia de hacer énfasis en la evaluación genética.
Disruptores endocrinos y enfermedades endocrinológicas en niños y adolescentes
Authors: Briceño Rodríguez Lina Lucía , Céspedes Salazar Camila , Forero Ronderos Catalina
Published: July 2024

Contexto: la influencia del contacto con disruptores endocrinos, tanto en el periodo prenatal como posnatal, ha generado preocupación, debido a su posible relación con el desarrollo de enfermedades endocrinológicas en la población pediátrica.
Objetivo: recopilar la evidencia científica con respecto a la presentación de enfermedades endocrinológicas en niños y adolescentes como consecuencia de la exposición a disruptores endocrinos.
Metodología: en esta revisión narrativa se examinó la literatura publicada sobre este tema mediante la utilización de bases de datos electrónicas y búsquedas manuales en revistas especializadas. En total se seleccionaron 33 artículos.
Resultados: se encontró relación entre el contacto con estas sustancias y el desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles, tales como obesidad, diabetes, síndrome metabólico, trastornos del crecimiento y desarrollo, y alteraciones en la función tiroidea. Asimismo, se ha comprobado que la exposición a dichos compuestos puede generar repercusiones a largo plazo en el desarrollo endocrino y reproductivo.
Conclusión: hay que realizar investigaciones adicionales para abordar las brechas en el conocimiento actual y establecer una base científica robusta que respalde la toma de decisiones en salud pública.
Cultural Jugaad in Historic City Transformations: India
Authors: Fookes Ian , Jain Shikha
Published: July 2024

Several historic Indian cities have managed to retain the original urban character by using readily available materials, craftspeople, and cultural traditions despite increasing urban transformations. This notion of sustaining/preserving/continuing certain cultural elements and rituals has survived in various forms in the last two centuries. Historic cities showcase their living heritage at the global level and are exemplars for studying the strong linkages within traditions and indigenous modes of preservation. In such situations where stakeholders have centuries of association with the site, it is essential that professionals look beyond conventional solutions to better understand local perceptions and thereby establish the appropriateness of any urban level interventions.
 
This article draws from various urban conservation works carried out in the historic cities of Rajasthan over the last two decades. It illustrates the discoveries and challenges in understanding the traditional local mindset for working in such areas. The indigenous methods practiced in these historic living cores are often at variance with the norms and logics of Western city planning being followed in post-colonial India.  Examples in the cities and settlements of Jaipur, Udaipur and Ajmer, feature in this article, highlighting the urgent need to understand the local community mindset and the Indian approach to solutions for rapidly modernizing historic urban centres.
A Tale of Two Architects: The Doxiadis Brothers and the Power of Planning
Authors: Van Steen Gonda
Published: July 2024

It has long been said that the “dynastic” families of Athens hold an extraordinary amount of power. But what does that power look like in practice? How does one put that truism to the test? By which touchstone can that power be measured? And how would that influence have worked in the postwar decade, when power structures, much like devastated Greece itself, were under construction and reconstruction? This article focuses on the brothers Constantinos and Spyridon Doxiadis, whose vision and praxis may shed some light on the above questions. I argue that each one of them in his own definitive way shaped an era, a landscape, and a demographic. Both were born planners, but at which point did their comprehensive planning become ideologically charged, even biopolitically decisive? Where and when did the architecture of the new capital city meet the architecture of a new postwar Greek population? How did the Doxiadis power team expand the meaning of “physical” planning? This article aims to illuminate a long-overlooked family and power connection that was also a potent vector of design, biological and other.
Appetitive Lifestyles and Obesity with Risk of Senile Cataract: An Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Cao Fan , Wang Yakun , Chu Baorui , Liu Xianyang , Wu Chao , Chen Xinyuan , Zeng Shuhao , Feng Hui , Tian Meng , Wang Hong , Ni Jing , Hou Shengping
Published: July 2024

Objective: To estimate the causal effects of appetitive lifestyles (cigarette smoking, alcohol use, coffee consumption) and obesity on risk of senile cataract (SC) using genetically based approaches. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms selected to be instrumental variables for exposures were identified at the level of genome-wide significance (P<5×10-8) from genome-wide association studies. Summary-level genetic statistics for SC was derived from the FinnGen consortium. Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) with inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as main analysis were performed. Directional pleiotropy and heterogeneity were tested. Results: For univariable MR, genetically determined predisposition to smoking initiation was associated with elevated risk of SC (IVW odds ratio (OR))=1.1241, 95% confidence interval (CI) (CI: 1.0240-1.2339, P=0.0140). Also, genetically predicted higher coffee consumption and body mass index (BMI) was associated with increased risk of SC (IVW OR=1.0050, 95% CI: 1.0012-1.0088, P=0.0101; IVW OR=1.1925, 95% CI: 1.0954-1.2982, P=4.8099×10-5, respectively). For multivariable MR, genetically predicted higher BMI still exerted a causal effect on SC risk (IVW OR=1.1712, 95% CI: 1.0786-1.2717, P<0.001). Nevertheless, the associations of smoking initiation and coffee consumption with SC risk disappeared. No directional pleiotropy was detected in both univariable and multivariable MR. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence for an adverse effect of higher BMI on SC risk, while no evidence supporting independent causal associations of appetitive lifestyles with SC risk. Improving the management of obesity may serve as a useful strategy protecting against SC.
Therapeutic Apheresis, Immunosuppression, and Human Monoclonal Antibodies in Dermatologic Diseases
Authors: Bambauer Rolf
Published: July 2024

Severe and/or refractory dermatological diseases with immunologic origin to conventional therapy have a bad prognosis. Autoimmune blistering diseases have a high morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic apheresis is an essential supportive treatment for severe and refractory dermatological diseases with an immunologic origin, particularly autoimmune blistering diseases. This approach has been shown to significantly improve the prognosis of these diseases. Therapeutic apheresis, combined with immunosuppressive therapy and/or human monoclonal antibodies, has treated successfully autoimmune blistering skin disorders. These diseases are caused by the immune system’s targeting of structural proteins in the skin and/or mucous membranes. Improved diagnostic methods have allowed to determine that the incidence and prevalence of these disorders have doubled in the last 15 years to 25 new cases per million people per year owing to an aging population. Over the last 45 years, therapeutic apheresis, in combination with immunosuppression and/or human monoclonal antibodies, has significantly increased survival rates. Therapeutic apheresis using hollow fiber modules is safe and highly effective in eliminating autoantibodies and other toxins from the bloodstream, leading to rapid clinical improvement in dermatological conditions. The guidelines of the for American Application Committee of the American Society for Apheresis are cited dermatologic disorders, which could be treated with therapeutic apheresis
Fauna edáfica associada a diferentes tipos de cultivo e mata nativa
Authors: Dallavechia Gabriela Schmorantz de Oliveira , Bianchi Vidica , Fachinetto Juliana Maria , Carbonera Roberto
Published: July 2024

O estudo da fauna edáfica é empregado para a compreensão da qualidade do solo, pois estes organismos apresentam papel fundamental para a manutenção do ecossistema. Neste trabalho, objetiva-se analisar a composição da fauna edáfica em diferentes tipos de cultivo e mata nativa. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada no Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural - IRDeR, localizado no município de Augusto Pestana, Rio Grande do Sul. A mata nativa preservada é constitui de 70 hectares, a vegetação é do tipo floresta estacional decidual. Para a delimitação do levantamento, utilizou-se uma parcela desta área. A área de Pinus existente no local é caracterizada como área de silvipastoril. Na área de lavoura são realizados experimentos de monoculturas conforme o sistema convencional. Na horta foram cultivados nos últimos anos hortaliças conforme as bases da agricultura agroecológica. As coletas foram realizadas periodicamente nas quatro estações do ano, através da adaptação de armadilhas do método Pitfall em Provid. Os espécimes coletados foram acondicionados e conduzidos ao laboratório de zoologia/entomologia da Unijuí, para triagem, identificação e contagem. Os resultados indicam que as áreas com o maior número de indivíduos coletados foram a mata e a área de Pinus, nas estações de inverno e primavera. No entanto, alguns grupos específicos foram abundantes na lavoura, por exemplo, Formicidae, que participam de diversas interações ecológicas e Reduviidae, encontrados apenas neste local, provavelmente em busca de alimento, uma vez que são predadores de espécies herbívoras. Áreas com cobertura, seja pelo cultivo de pastagens ou pela presença de serrapilheira, conseguem manter um equilíbrio de temperatura e umidade, o que favorece a manutenção da fauna edáfica. Os resultados desta pesquisa podem auxiliar a sociedade e a academia, no sentido de contribuir para a conservação da biodiversidade da fauna edáfica em solos com condições variadas. Devido a extensão e heterogeneidade das áreas, recomenda-se para futuras pesquisas, distribuição aleatória e maior número de armadilhas.
Caixa tátil sonora: ferramenta pedagógica na educação geográfica para estudantes com deficiência visual
Authors: Mello Humberto Bethoven Pessoa de , Leta Fabiana Rodrigues
Published: July 2024

Historicamente, se constata que os povos primitivos já faziam o uso do mapa. Pois estes eram nômades e por sua vez desenharam abrigos, as trilhas para a caça, e trajetos náuticos, principalmente ao longo de rios, onde surgiram as principais civilizações da humanidade.  Portanto, o ato de mapear ou desenhar um espaço está correlacionado à sobrevivência do homem.A presente comunicação propõe demonstrar a possibilidade do uso de uma ferramenta pedagógica que utiliza dois sentidos sensoriais de suma importância para uma pessoa com deficiência visual: o tato e a audição.  Na busca de soluções para uma educação geográfica inclusiva, este artigo pretende a desenvolver uma ferramenta educacional de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA), de baixo custo, denominada Caixa Tátil-Sonora (CaTS). A CaTS explora num só recurso didático o uso das funções sensoriais, o tato e a audição, possibilitando assim, aumentar a capacidade de aprendizagem destes estudantes no contexto da educação geográfica. Na investigação, a CaTS foi submetida a testes e pós-testes por estudantes com cegueira no ensino médio do Colégio Pedro II. A metodologia foi a descritiva com estudo intervencional, não se limitando à simples observação dos eventos, mas interferindo no processo ensino-aprendizagem dos estudantes com algum impedimento visual. Os resultados da validação da CaTS como produto educacional de TA tiveram sua aplicação nas salas de aula do Colégio Pedro II. Após o recurso didático ser testado, os dados foram tabulados e condensados para as análises e tratamentos em software estatísticos. Portanto, os resultados aferiram a importância da CaTS como ferramenta educacional de TA, possibilitando o seu uso em mapas de orientação e mobilidade em espaços frchados (indoor) bem como no processo ensino-aprendizagem da geografia.
Design Automation for Field-Coupled Nanotechnologies
Authors: Wille Robert
Published: July 2024

Design Automation for Field-Coupled Nanotechnologies

Nanotechnologies promise alternatives to conventional CMOS-based circuits with enhancements in terms of energy dissipation and feature size. But automated methods and software tools for this technology are still at their infancy. This project aims at developing automatic and efficient methods, e.g., for synthesis, physical design, and simulation of corresponding circuits.
Analisis Pengangguran dan Kebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia
Authors: Moch Rifqi Shihabuddin Al Ubaidillah  , Muhammad Yasin
Published: July 2024

This research analyzes the unemployment rate in Indonesia and the impact of government policies on the national economy. Unemployment is a significant economic problem in Indonesia, with various factors influencing it, including population growth, structural economic changes, and technological changes. This study uses secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and various other sources to evaluate unemployment trends in recent decades. The results of the analysis show that the unemployment rate in Indonesia experiences fluctuations which are influenced by global economic conditions, government policies and the dynamics of the domestic labor market. Government policies, such as job training programs, increased infrastructure investment, and support for the MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) sector, have played an important role in reducing unemployment. However, challenges such as a mismatch of skills and labor market needs, as well as regional disparities, are still significant obstacles.
Literature Review On The Role Of Decision-Making System For Indonesian Workforce Recruitment In Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Sylvia Sylvia
Published: July 2024

Industry 4.0 is impacting the world of work, increasing efficiency and effectiveness while posing challenges for human resource management in terms of talent acquisition. Automation and technological advancements require new skills for workers to remain competitive. However, surveys show that graduates in Indonesia do not have the skills and knowledge that match industry demands, resulting in a mismatch between labor supply and demand. Human resource professionals must adapt to the rapidly evolving industry by making effective and efficient decisions in the recruitment and selection process. Decision-making systems play an important role in optimizing this process, especially through the use of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Industry 4.0 using big data and the internet. Through a systematic literature review, the potential of AHP in supporting decision-making for human resource selection/recruitment in the Indonesian workforce and Industry 4.0 is explored. AHP's ability to consider multiple criteria and weights among alternatives enables flexible and structured decision-making, making it a suitable tool for recruitment and selection processes.
Computational Intelligence Methodology based on Neutrosophic Set with Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Evaluating Natural Gas Automobiles
Authors: Warshine Warshine ,   University of Debrecen, Department of Mathematical and Computational Science, Debrecen, Hungary,   Faculty Of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon, Jumayel Josef Al
Published: July 2024

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of natural gas automobiles, focusing on their performance, environmental impact, economic viability, and potential as an alternative fuel for transportation. Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) have gained attention as an alternative to conventional gasoline or diesel vehicles due to their lower emissions profile and potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The assessment encompasses a comparative analysis of NGVs against traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, evaluating factors such as vehicle efficiency, fuel availability, infrastructure, emissions, and cost-effectiveness. Findings reveal that NGVs exhibit lower emissions of pollutants like nitrogen oxides and particulate matter than their gasoline or diesel counterparts. However, challenges persist regarding limited refueling infrastructure, reduced driving range, and upfront vehicle conversion or purchase costs. Economic evaluations highlight the potential cost savings associated with natural gas as a fuel, particularly in regions with favorable pricing and infrastructure. Despite these benefits, scalability and widespread adoption of NGVs face barriers related to infrastructure development, technological advancements, and market incentives. This evaluation provides insights into the opportunities and challenges of natural gas automobiles, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach encompassing technological innovation, infrastructure investment, and supportive policies to unlock their full potential as a viable alternative in the transportation sector. We used multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to deal with various criteria of natural gas automobiles. The Range of Value Technique (ROV) method ranks the alternatives. The ROV is integrated with the neutrosophic set to deal with uncertainty information. The neutrosophic set is extension of fuzzy set to overcome the vague and incomplete information. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the stability of the results.
Intelligent Data Processing and Mining of Histopathological Images using Improved Tunicate Swarm Algorithm with Deep Learning
Authors: Rama Rama ,   Online Islamic University, Department Of Science and Information Technology, Doha, Qatar,   Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, Hajjari Arwa
Published: July 2024

Intelligent data processing and mining of histopathological images involve the application of advanced techniques and algorithms to analyze and extract meaningful information from digital pathology images. Osteosarcoma is a general malignant bone cancer generally established in teenagers and children. Manual diagnoses of osteosarcoma is a laborious task and needs skilled professionals. The mortality rate can be minimalized only if it is identified on time. Automatic detection systems and new technologies were utilized to classify and analyze medical images that, minimalize the dependency on specialists and result in fast processing. Recently, a lot of Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems were proposed by research workers to diagnose and segment osteosarcoma from medical images. Deep learning (DL) algorithms are employed for the automated recognition and identification of osteosarcoma on histopathological images (HSI). The study proposes an Improved Tunicate Swarm Algorithm with Deep Learning for Osteosarcoma Detection and Classification (ITSA-DLODC) approach on pathological imageries. The proposed ITSA-DLODC method mainly enhances the recognition and classification of osteosarcoma on HSI. To attain this, the presented ITSA-DLODC method performs feature extraction using ShuffleNet convolutional neural network model. Besides, the ITSA-based hyperparameter optimizer is exploited to finetune the hyperparameters of the ShuffleNet model. Moreover, the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) with convolutional autoencoder (CAE) approach was utilized for the recognition and identification of osteosarcoma. A wide range of analyses can be applied to exemplify the higher performance of the ITSA-DLODC methodology. The simulation study demonstrated the development of the ITSA-DLODC methodology over other present models
NCBI Medical Data Encryption with Lossless DNA Compression
Authors: Anfal Anfal ,   College of Sciences for Women, University of Babylon, Hilla, Babel, Iraq,   College of Sciences for Women, University of Babylon, Hilla, Babel, Iraq, Kadhum Sahar Adil
Published: July 2024

The health information data includes reports on the patient’s condition, including addresses, names, tests, treatments, diagnoses, and medical history. It is sensitive information for patients, and all means of protection must be provided to prevent third parties from manipulation or fraudulent use. It has been discovered that DNA is now a reliable and efficient biological media for securing data. Data encryption is made possible by DNA's bimolecular computing powers. In this paper proposed a new strategy of safeguard the transfer of sensitive data over an unsecured network using cryptography with non-liner function, and DNA lossless compression to enhance security. The work gains best results in compression processes, as percentages range 75%. for character compression, the different rate ranges between 91% to 94%, and the compression rate ranges from 35% to 37%. the retrieving data with an accuracy rate up to 100% without any data loss, as well as excellent percentages within the, Compression Ratio, Compression Factor, Error Rate, Accuracy measures.
LSTM-NAS-Net: Enhanced Brain Tumor Segmentation in MRI and CT Images using LSTM-Autoencoder-based Neural Architecture Search
Authors: Santhosh Santhosh ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Sasirekha S. P. , Santhosh R.
Published: July 2024

Brain Tumour (BT) a mass or a lump or a growth which occurs due to abnormal cell division or unusual growth of cells in the brain tissue. Initially, the two major types of BT are Primary BT and Secondary BT, the tumour that originate from brain is known as Primary BT and it may be cancerous or non-cancerous. The tumour the initiates from other part of the body and spreads to the brain is stated as secondary BT. Diagnosing BT generally involves a multiple investigation method, such as MRI, CT, PET, SPECT as well as the neurological examinations and blood investigations, whereas some of the patients may need biopsies to evaluate the tumour size and stage. Here we use MRI and CT images for BT segmentation whereas these modalities play a major role in diagnosing, treating, planning and monitoring the BT patients. Moreover, the multimodal data can provide a quantitative information’s about the tumour size, shape, volume and texture. While segmenting the BT the lack of segmentation methods and the interpretability of the segmented regions are limited. To overcome this, we propose a novel LSTM autoencoder bas NAS method which is used for the extracting the BT features and these features can be fused using Contextual Integration Module (CIM) and segmented using the Segmentation Guided Regulizer (SGR) which helps to overcome the stated issues. Finally, the performance metrices are calculated by comparing with the state-of -the -art methods and our method achieves a best segmenting metrices.
Integrating Novel Mechanisms for Threat Detection in Enhanced Data Classification using Ant Colony Optimization with Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Vivek Vivek ,   Research Scholar Department of Data Science and Business Systems, School of Computing, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur.,   Associate Professor Department of Data Science and Business Systems, School of Computing, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur., Chandrasekaran Karthik Painganadu
Published: July 2024

In new technologies like fog computing, edge computing, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), cybersecurity concerns and cyber-attacks have surged. The demand for better threat detection and prevention systems has increased due to the present global uptick in phishing and computer network attacks. In order to identify irregularities and attacks on the network, which have increased in scale and prevalence, threat identification is essential. However, the community is forced to investigate and create novel threat detection approaches that are capable of detecting threats using anomalies due to the increase in network threats, the growth of new methods of attack and computations, and the requirement to ensure security measures. A novel mechanism is employed to identify threats in a data based on optimized deep learning. The main aim of this paper is the usage of data classification system based on Deep Learning (DL). The proposed mechanism employed the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) communication protocol to extract data from loud IoT (Internet of Things) networks for the purpose of threat detection. To perform feature extraction an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is utilised, through Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), the attacks in data are classified and detected. Additionally, the suggested approach has been evaluated and trained using the BOUN DDoS contemporary dataset, which comprises a variety of attack types and allows for the effectiveness of the framework to be determined to compare it to previous approaches. The Findings indicate that the suggested approach achieved higher accuracy in DDoS attack identification in comparison with Traditional deep learning methods. The existing method detects the generic attack with lower efficiency however; the proposed mechanism achieves better accuracy in both the detection of the DDoS attack and the detection of regular traffic.
Problem-Based Learning and Engineering Education for Sustainability
Authors: D'Escoffier Luiz Ney , Guerra Aida , Braga Marco
Published: July 2024

Education for sustainability demands transformative knowledge, which can be obtained through problem-based, project-organized learning (PBL). However, the integration of PBL and sustainability in higher education has not yet met the needs required due to the lack of application of a systemic perspective and strategy. In this literature review, we present an overview of research trends being developed with PBL in education for sustainability and how PBL is being used to educate students for sustainability. The scientific production of the last 22 years is analyzed, and we verify that the use of PBL as a methodology for education in sustainability is a rather recent innovation, with an emphasis on the environmental dimension. Learning assessment methodologies are based on summative approaches using traditional methods like scoring tests. There is an explicit preference to integrate PBL and sustainability in undergraduate and graduate courses, mainly in engineering. We observe that most of the time, the subject of interdisciplinarity is not discussed. We concluded that there are a few concerns with research on education for sustainability using PBL. Although PBL proposes an innovative form of education, its implementation in education for sustainability has not been fully explored to its full potential, especially concerning the development of sustainability skills, transformative and holistic education, but rather as a form of content-based assessment.
Artificial intelligence (AI) within manufacturing: An investigative exploration for opportunities, challenges, future directions
Authors: Bin Akhtar Zarif
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) stands as a potent catalyst for revolutionizing manufacturing, promising unprecedented efficiency, agility, and resilience. This research embarks on an investigative journey to dissect the multifaceted landscape of AI in manufacturing, aiming to unravel its current status, intrinsic challenges, and prospective pathways. This research unveils the intricate relationship between AI technologies and manufacturing processes across diverse domains. Examining various domains, including system-level analysis, human-robot collaboration, process monitoring, diagnostics, prognostics, and material-property modeling. The research also reveals AI’s transformative potential in optimizing manufacturing operations, enhancing decision-making, and fostering innovation. By dissecting each domain, the research illuminates how AI empowers manufacturers to adapt to dynamic market demands and technological advancements, ultimately driving sustainable growth and competitiveness. Moreover, it also examines the evolving dynamics of human-robot collaboration within manufacturing settings, recognizing AI’s pivotal role in facilitating seamless communication, shared understanding, and dynamic adaptation between humans and machines. Through an exploration of AI-enabled human-robot collaboration, this research underscores the transformative power of symbiotic relationships in reshaping the future of manufacturing. While highlighting opportunities, it acknowledges the myriad challenges accompanying AI integration in manufacturing, such as data quality issues, interpretability of AI models, and knowledge transfer across domains. By addressing these challenges, the research aims to pave the way for more resilient AI-driven manufacturing systems capable of navigating complex market landscapes and technological disruptions. This research sheds light on AI’s transformative potential in manufacturing, inspiring collaborative efforts and innovative solutions that will propel the industry forward into a new era of possibility and prosperity.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation with Augmentation in Managing Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Elsaid Ahmed Ramadan Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Addressing intertrochanteric fractures in those with impaired bone quality using orthopedic surgery is a huge challenge. This review assesses the effectiveness of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) with augmentation, cement being the best augmentation compared to others, in healing these fractures. Comparative analyses show that PFNA is significantly better than PFN, with reduced operative times, blood loss and complications, especially in high-risk elderly patients. This review compiles data from 15 articles which aims to provide an overall picture of the present evidence on the use of PFNA technique supplemented by the application of osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures. Augmentation methods, such as cement augmentation, have come to the forefront as important adjuncts to increase stability and effectiveness in PFNA procedures. Research has demonstrated that adapting the cement augmentation technique helps to restore load-bearing capacity, lower implant failure rate and to better the clinical results in total joint arthroplasty. PFNA with cement augmentation effectively treats intertrochanteric fractures in osteoporosis hips, providing satisfactory results and potential for further clinical development. This review brings to the forefront the necessity of stabilizing the osteodensification and the proper cement augmentation, all of which aid in enhancing stability, occasioning less complications and leading to better postoperative outcomes. The future development in PFNA techniques and the trending advancement of augmentation strategies would allow the field of surgery to benefit from an even more optimized way of dealing with these fractures in the clinical setting which is both promising and favorable.
SARIMA Model-Based Monte Carlo Simulation of Option Contract Design for Maize Seasonal Heavy Precipitation in Shenyang
Authors: Pu Cheng-yi , Li Pei-huan , Gu Lin-qiu , Pan Xiao-jun
Published: July 2024

Agricultural production is highly dependent on weather conditions such as temperature, light, water and heat. The huge loss caused by extreme disaster weather makes the global insurance and reinsurance market overwhelmed, and seriously affects the enthusiasm of agricultural investment and the development of agricultural economy. With unique topography and vast territory, China is vulnerable to complex and diverse climate disasters. In recent years, the annual average economic loss caused by extreme weather disasters has reached about 200-300 billion yuan, among which floods caused by extreme heavy rainfall are the main agricultural disasters in China. In order to enhance the "farmer - insurance company - government" interest association to resist the risk of flood disaster caused by extreme heavy rainfall, financial hedging derivatives of weather disaster risk have gradually become a new hedging tool besides traditional insurance and reinsurance. This paper takes Shenyang, the main grain producing area in northeast China, as the sample of the study area, and uses the SARIMA model to obtain the distribution characteristics of seasonal rainfall time series. Different seasonal rainfall index option products (call option and put option contracts) are designed respectively, and the final option pricing is obtained by Monte Carlo stochastic simulation. The seasonal rainfall call option and put option contracts have opened up a new hedging model of agricultural extreme weather catastrophe outside the insurance and reinsurance market, which has enriched the varieties of weather financial derivatives market in China, reduced the severe impact of extreme weather disasters on agriculture, and enhanced the ability of agricultural stakeholders to resist the risk of extreme weather disasters.
MUHÂYYILEDEN MUHÂKEMEYE: MILLIYETÇILIK KURAMLARI ÜZERINE BIR DENEME
Authors: Ebinç Sait
Published: July 2024

Bu makale milliyetçilik kuramları üzerine nitel bir analizi içermektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, milliyetçilik ideolojisinin metodolojik ve tarihsel olarak analizini yapmaktır. Bu analizin temel birimleri, milliyetçilik türleri, ulus ve onun siyasal statüsü olan ulus devlet kavramlarıdır. Milliyetçilik olgusu pek çok sosyal bilim disiplinin Siyaset biliminin, Sosyolojinin ve Antropolojinin kavram setlerinin kesiştiği ortak bir alandır. Bu nedenle Milliyetçilik, kuramları son yıllarda mikro milliyetçiliklerin yükselmesiyle birlikte kategorik sınıflamaları çoğalarak karmaşık hale gelmiştir. Bu karmaşıklığın iki nedeni vardır. Birincisi millet olgusunun yarattığı farklı toplumlardaki aidiyet bağlarının iç içe geçmiş çetrefilli bir ilişkiler yumağına dönmesidir. İkincisi ise milliyetçilik tanımlarının bolluğudur. Bu çalışmanın temel varsayımı milliyetçilik ideolojisinin diğer ideolojiler ve disiplinlerle olan çetrefilli ilişkisini ve metodolojik sınırlılıklarını ortaya koymaktır. Milliyetçilik kuramlarının farklı ideolojilerle olan çetrefilli ilişkisi farklı soyutlamalara neden olan bir konudur. Bu soyutlama düzeyleri verili toplumsal yapılarda farklı aidiyet ilişkilerini eş zamanlı içerebildiği gibi anakronik olarak modern toplumsal grup ve yapılarla da iç içe ve yan yana bulunmalarıdır. Bu makalenin temel bulgularından biri milliyetçilik söz konusu olduğunda farklı aidiyet ilişkileri hem birbirlerinin yerine ikame olan hem de birbirlerini tasfiye eden bir yapıya bürünmüş olmalarıdır. Bu makalede varılan diğer bir sonuç milliyetçilik konusunda birey toplum arasındaki aidiyet, mensubiyet ilişkilerinin iki yönlü zamansallığın gerilimini taşımış olmalarıdır.
REVISITING THE NUCLEAR DEBATE IN SOUTH ASIAN SECURITY
Authors: Ahmed Asim , Hussain Syed Mahroona
Published: July 2024

Grand strategy and nuclear deterrence have been the most distinct strategies of the last century. The principal objective of a grand strategy for a major state is to achieve some grand strategic objectives, and for other states, it is to preserve their security in an anarchic world. However, contrary to the central assumption of the nuclear deterrence theory, evidence shows that in certain situations, mere possession of nuclear weapons does not automatically translate into deterrence. The central argument of this article is based on the idea that deterrence strategy is neither a static concept nor should be taken as such. Nuclear deterrence. It is a dynamic concept in nature and its utilization depends on the ingenuity of the Nuclear Weapon State (NWS). While citing a history of incidents, especially the Pulwama crisis in 2019 between India and Pakistan, this article explores how nuclear deterrence worked when the fear of a nuclear war was hanging in the region and how these states were able to use the nuclear deterrence strategy to their benefit. It also discusses whether there was a need for either side to operationalize nuclear deterrence through some physical and tangible steps.
EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D ADMINISTRATION FOR WOUND HEALING IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS: EVIDENCE BASED CASE REPORT
Authors: Badralany Felianty , Nurul Ratna Mutu Manikam
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus can cause microvascular and macrovascular complications.  Diabetic foot ulcer is the complications that often occur in DM patients, which is as much as 10%-25%. In Indonesia, the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers is 12% and DM patients can be at risk of diabetic foot ulcers as much as 55.4%. The mortality rate that occurs as a result of diabetic foot ulcers can reach around 15-30%. Patients who have diabetic foot ulcers significantly decreased vitamin D levels.  This study aims to determine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers.
ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF THE LABOR RESOURCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Вахланов Р.Ю.
Published: July 2024

В статье представлена оценка состояния трудовых ресурсов с целью разработки рекомендаций по эффективному развитию российского рынка труда. Актуальность поставленной цели обусловлена тем, что развитие человеческого капитала играет ключевую роль в повышении качества жизни населения и обеспечении конкурентоспособности экономики России. В процессе достижения цели исследования сделаны выводы: динамика трудовых ресурсов не обеспечивает потребности растущей экономики; наблюдаемые дефицит кадров и усиление конкуренции за работников приводят к необходимости повышения заработных плат и других форм вознаграждения в условиях отсутствия полного соответствия уровня квалификации трудовых ресурсов требованиям рынка. Выявлено, что высокий уровень экономической активности в крупных городах стимулирует миграционные потоки и усугубляет демографические проблемы в отстающих регионах. Показано, что гармоничное развитие образовательной системы и приведение ее в соответствие потребностям реальных секторов экономики, реализация политики, направленной на улучшение условий труда, повышение привлекательности рабочих мест в различных регионах страны, а также активная государственная поддержка научных и технических исследований – позволят реализовать накопленный интеллектуальный потенциал российской экономики. Обеспечение восполнения трудовых ресурсов и повышение эффективности их использования создают основу для устойчивого роста российской экономики.

The article presents an assessment of the state of the labor force in order to develop recommendations for the effective development of the Russian labor market. The relevance of this goal is due to the fact that the development of human capital plays a key role in improving the quality of life of the population and ensuring the competitiveness of the Russian economy. In the process of achieving the research goal, conclusions were drawn: the dynamics of labor resources does not meet the needs of a growing economy; the observed shortage of personnel and increased competition for workers lead to the need to increase wages and other forms of remuneration in the absence of full compliance of the skill level of the workforce with market requirements. It was also noted that the high level of economic activity in large cities stimulates migration flows and exacerbates demographic problems in lagging regions. It is shown that the harmonious development of the educational system and bringing it in line with the needs of real sectors of the economy, the implementation of policies aimed at improving working conditions, increasing the attractiveness of jobs in various regions of the country, as well as active state support for scientific and technical research will allow the accumulated intellectual potential of the Russian economy to be realized. Ensuring the replenishment of labor resources and increasing the efficiency of their use create the basis for sustainable growth of the Russian economy.
IT CLUSTER AS A DRIVER FOR THE GROWTH OF THE REGION’S INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL
Authors: Стефанов О.В.
Published: July 2024

Целью статьи является комплексный, последовательный анализ IT-кластера как драйвера роста инновационного потенциала региона. Объектами исследования выступают крупнейшие IT-кластеры, функционирующие в Москве, Московской области, Новосибирске, Смоленской области и Республике Крым. Показано, что кластеры играют ключевую роль в поддержке малого и среднего бизнеса, привлечении инвестиций и подготовке квалифицированных кадров, способствуют развитию стратегически важных направлений, таких как информационные и инновационные технологии. Определены проблемные аспекты в формировании кластеров, такие как необходимость государственной поддержки и эффективной координации между участниками. Так, без поддержки со стороны государства, многие кластеры могут столкнуться с недостатком ресурсов для полноценного развития, что затрудняет их способности конкурировать на международных рынках и привлекать инвестиции. Обосновано, что успех кластера во многом зависит от слаженного взаимодействия всех его участников, включая предприятия, научно-исследовательские институты, университеты и государственные органы. Сделан вывод, что несмотря на наличие ограничений, существуют возможности успешного развития IT-кластеров, достижение которых предполагает поддержку со стороны государства, использование лучших практик региональных кластеров, а также развитие институциональной и образовательной базы.

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive, consistent analysis of the IT cluster as a driver of the growth of the innovative potential of the region. The objects of the study are the largest IT clusters operating in Moscow, the Moscow region, Novosibirsk, the Smolensk Region and the Republic of Crimea. It is shown that clusters play a key role in supporting small and medium-sized businesses, attracting investments and training qualified personnel, and contribute to the development of strategically important areas such as information and innovative technologies. Problematic aspects in the formation of clusters are identified, such as the need for state support and effective coordination between participants. Thus, without government support, many clusters may face a lack of resources for full-fledged development, which hinders their ability to compete in international markets and attract investment. It is proved that the success of the cluster largely depends on the well-coordinated interaction of all its participants, including enterprises, research institutes, universities and government agencies. It is concluded that despite the limitations, there are opportunities for the successful development of IT clusters, the achievement of which involves support from the state, the use of best practices of regional clusters, as well as the development of an institutional and educational base.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS FOR ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX
Authors: Шадыжев И.Т.
Published: July 2024

Целью статьи является анализ и систематизация подходов к оценке конкурентоспособности предприятий на примере топливно-энергетического комплекса (ТЭК). Анализ показал, что конкурентоспособность предприятий ТЭК определяется не только показателями финансового состояния, а включает возможности предприятий оперативно реагировать на происходящее изменения во внешней и внутренней среде, способности бизнес-моделей к адаптации и обеспечению долгосрочной устойчивости и высокой эффективности. Сделан вывод, что сочетание инструментов финансового анализа, SWOT-анализа, SNW-анализа, построение многоугольника конкурентоспособности предприятия, а также расчет специальных коэффициентов, отражающих положение предприятия в конкурентной среде, позволяют оперативно выявлять «узкие места», негативно влияющие на конкурентоспособность и корректировать стратегии развития в соответствии с выявленными резервами обеспечения высокого уровня конкурентоспособности. Показано, что для эффективного управления конкурентоспособностью предприятиями топливно-энергетического комплекса необходимо разрабатывать долгосрочные стратегии, включающее стратегические цели, задачи и мероприятия по обеспечению получения конкурентных преимуществ. В процессе управления деятельностью компаний ТЭК целесообразно производить регулярный мониторинг ключевых показателей конкурентоспособности для выявления сильных и слабых сторон компании, а также внесения корректировок в стратегии развития.

The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize approaches to assessing the competitiveness of enterprises on the example of the fuel and energy complex (FEC). The analysis shows that the competitiveness of fuel and energy complex enterprises is determined not only by the indicators of financial condition, but also includes the ability of enterprises to respond quickly to changes in the external and internal environment, the ability of business models to adapt and ensure long-term sustainability and high efficiency. It is concluded that the combination of financial analysis tools, SWOT-analysis, SNW-analysis, construction of the enterprise competitiveness polygon, as well as the calculation of special coefficients reflecting the position of the enterprise in the competitive environment, allow to promptly identify "bottlenecks" that negatively affect competitiveness and adjust development strategies in accordance with the identified reserves to ensure a high level of competitiveness. It is shown that for effective management of competitiveness of fuel and energy complex enterprises it is necessary to develop long-term strategies, including strategic goals, objectives and measures to ensure competitive advantages. In the process of managing the activities of fuel and energy complex companies, it is advisable to regularly monitor the key indicators of competitiveness to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the company, as well as to make adjustments to the development strategies.