bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic Markers of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Implications for Early Diagnosis and Intervention
Authors: Alsheikhidris Mohammed Alfatih Alzain
Published: October 2024

Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), significantly affect cognitive function, particularly language, which is one of the first domains to affect disease progression. This study investigated linguistic marker-specific changes in language patterns as potential tools for early diagnosis of these disorders. Employing a mixed-methods approach allowed us to analyze speech samples from patients with AD and PD, identifying differences in lexical retrieval, syntactic complexity, speech prosody, and fluency. Our findings revealed distinct linguistic profiles for each disorder, suggesting that language analysis could serve as a noninvasive and cost-effective diagnostic tool. These results underscore the need for additional research to refine these markers and to explore their applicability in other neurodegenerative conditions.
Mental health and quality of life in children and young people with neurodivergencies of sight: A systematic review
Authors: Cheng Christina , Wang Siqi , Pavlopoulou Georgia , Hayton Jessica , Sideropoulos Vasileios
Published: October 2024

A systematic review was conducted to understand mental health, including emotional problems and well-being, self-perception, self-esteem, and quality of life (QoL), in children and young people with vision impairment (CYPVI) aged 6-25 years. Following PRISMA guidelines, of 6623 search results, 21 studies were included in our analysis, meeting inclusion criteria: a) sample had an age of 6-25 years, b) observational studies and qualitative studies; c) age-matched (sighted) control and age-matched control who have undergone successful treatment. Our data represented samples from 12 countries. Our review found that overall children and young people with vision impairment often experience worse mental health and psychosocial development. The decline in mental health among CYPVI is frequently linked to the inaccessibility they encounter across various life contexts. The findings highlighted the importance of social support from friends and families for CYPVI enabling them to thrive in school and social contexts.
Using Open Data to Create Applied Statistics Assessments on Reproducibility and Replicability
Authors: Bartlett James Edward
Published: October 2024

This article describes an applied statistics assessment built on open research data. Using the concepts of reproducibility and replicability, students analyse open data from an original study to reproduce results, analyse replication data of the original study, and argue whether they consider the results to replicate. This assessment approach targets three skills: knowledge for understanding and reproducing statistical techniques, evaluation for justifying the choice of statistical technique, and communication for reporting the conclusion of whether the original study replicates or not. I provide an example assessment built on this approach and suggest reuse potential for adapting it to your own cohort of students.
Intrinsic Health as a Foundation for a Science of Health
Authors: Cohen Alan A. , Picard Martin , Beard John , Belsky Daniel W. , Herbstman Julie , Kuryla Christine L. , Liu Molei , Makarem Nour , Malinsky Daniel , Pei Sen , Wei Ying , Fried Linda P.
Published: October 2024

The health sciences largely focus on disease. However, the interconnected determinants of diseases suggest that we need a Science of Health, a framework to examine the biology of homeodynamics in a changing environment and how this impacts the health we value. We build on first principles and recent discoveries on biological system dynamics to develop the concept of intrinsic health, a field-like state emerging from the dynamic interplay of energy, communication, and structure within the organism, giving rise to robustness/resilience, plasticity, performance, and sustainability. Intrinsic health is a quantifiable property of individuals that declines with age and interacts with context. We propose a measurement framework and describe how it will contribute to achieve the shared goals of medicine and public health.
The behavioral mechanisms that underpin the adoption of digital health interventions by a diverse multicultural population: a patient and public involvement study
Authors: Mair Jacqueline Louise , Hashim Jumana , Linh Thai My , Tai E Shyong , Kowatsch Tobias , Ryan Jillian , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Edney Sarah Martine
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Digital health interventions (DHIs) offer scalable and cost-effective solutions for preventive healthcare, yet their adoption remains uneven, particularly among vulnerable and minority groups. High attrition rates also challenge their long-term effectiveness. This study aims to explore the factors and behavioural mechanisms influencing DHI adoption in a diverse, multicultural population, while identifying strategies to enhance equitable access to DHIs for all.Methods: Using a Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) methodology, lay facilitators approached adult patrons at public eateries (hawker centres) in residential areas of Singapore for an informal discussion on digital health. A semi-structured topic guide was used to explore the daily motivations and barriers towards uptake and sustained use of DHIs. An optional sociodemographic survey was administered at the end of each encounter. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis followed by deductive mapping to behaviour change theory to identify relevant mechanisms of action (MoA) and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) that, based on current evidence, may increase DHI adoption. Results: Facilitators engaged with 118 individuals, broadly representative of the Singaporean population, between November 2022 and February 2023. Participants shared both positive and negative perceptions and experiences of DHIs, described within five key themes: (1) awareness of DHIs and their offerings, (2) weighing the needs and benefits against the burdens of using a DHI, (3) accessibility, (4) trust in the entity behind the DHI and its capabilities, and (5) the impact of user experience. These themes were mapped to 13 MoA and 26 corresponding BCTs, which informed five key strategies to enhance DHI adoption. First, community-based promotion of credible DHIs combined with digital literacy training may address barriers to DHI uptake. Second, brief counselling integrated into healthcare services could help individuals assess the value of DHIs and encourage adoption. Third, using variable rewards tied to individuals’ core values could increase engagement. Fourth, policies to ensure DHIs are accessible and regulatory approved may facilitate trust and adoption. Finally, a focus on simple, gamified user experiences, along with features that support feedback and behavioural cueing, were emphasized as essential for sustained use.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the design and wide-scale implementation of accessible, motivating, trustworthy, and user-friendly DHIs, that are integrated within healthcare services and promoted widely in community settings, will address barriers to adoption by diverse communities and may help narrow the digital divide.
A theory construction methodology for network theories in psychology
Authors: Finnemann Adam , Borsboom Denny , Waldorp Lourens , Marsman Maarten , van der Maas Han
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing call to advance psychological theorizing through formal modeling. We answer this by introducing a methodology for developing psychological theories using probabilistic network models (PNMs). Originating in statistical mechanics, PNMs describe networks of interacting elements and have already shaped prominent theories in attitude, emotion, and decision research. We present a systematic guide on how to develop, analyze, and validate PNMs. Central to our framework is a survey of six base models which researchers can start from, extend, and adapt to their context. For each of these models we discuss existing applications and analyze them using two newly developed tools: a NetLogo model for simulations and an R package for visualizing mean-field dynamics. As a case study, we demonstrate the application of PNMs in theory development, before discussing the assumptions and limitations of the framework.
Early Career Language Teachers’ Cognition, Practice, and Continuous Professional Development: A Scoping Review of Empirical Research
Authors: Li Mingyu , Zhang Dongbo
Published: October 2024

Second/Foreign language teachers have received tremendous research attention; yet knowledge about early career language teachers (ECLTs) remains relatively limited. A comprehensive review is thus necessitated that synthesises findings pertaining to this particular teacher group. This paper presents the first scoping review of empirical research on ECLTs (2004–2023). It thematically synthesises 175 empirical studies into four areas of ECLT research: teacher cognition; teacher practices; beliefs and practices; and teacher continuing professional development. The first area investigates ECLTs’ beliefs, self-concept, knowledge, and motivation. The second area explores their instructional and assessment strategies and classroom discourse. The third area probes potential alignment or dissonance between their instructional beliefs and practices. The last area is focused on the impact of training and support systems on ECLTs’ professional growth. Drawing upon the findings, we propose a conceptual framework for understanding ECLTs and guiding future ECLT research and outline practical implications for supporting ECLTs’ career progression.
Seismic response of rigid cylindrical caissons embedded in inhomogeneous soil strata
Authors: Tsikas Aggelos , Anoyatis George , François Stijn , Gazetas George
Published: October 2024

This study develops a novel reference analytical elastodynamic model for the harmonic and seismic response of a rigid caisson, extending the pioneering work of Veletsos & Younan (1994) to vertically inhomogeneous soils. Both the caisson and the soil stratum are supported on a non-deformable base which is subjected to uniform horizontal motion. The solution is based on Sturm-Liouville’s theory and Helmholtz’s decomposition and makes use of the realistic simplifying assumption of universally vanishing the vertical normal stresses in the soil medium. An extensive parametric analysis in terms of horizontal soil pressures, shear force and bending moment for a soil shear modulus which increases with depth, demonstrating the effect of the type and degree of soil inhomogeneity on the caisson’s response. The findings offer an improved understanding of soil-caisson interaction mechanism in presence of inhomogeneous soils, which can be used to validate numerical models and interpret results for more complex systems.
Eliciting Beliefs with Random Generation Tasks
Authors: Leon-Villagra Pablo , Castillo Lucas , Falben Johanna , Chater Nick , Sanborn Adam N
Published: October 2024

Elicitation methods, such as asking people to produce the deciles of a distribution, are standard practices in policy or applied statistics. Similarly, much of cognitive science and psychology focuses on determining people's people's beliefs or latent traits through questionnaires or judgment tasks. However, these approaches often only capture a rough outline of what people know and are usually limited to point estimates of people's beliefs. Here, we present a novel experimental paradigm that allows us to access people's beliefs and how variable these beliefs are. Our task is based on an established random generation paradigm in which participants produce quantities from a particular domain as randomly as possible. We hypothesize that due to the minds' general-purpose mechanisms for probabilistic inferences, these random sequences represent the participants' underlying prior beliefs. We show that our method can infer participants' beliefs for a wide range of numeric quantities at comparable accuracy as an established elicitation method.Moreover, these inferred beliefs are consistent with individual participants' generalization and inference patterns in a subsequent conditional prediction task. We then extend our approach to non-numeric belief elicitation, highlighting how our method can go beyond numeric elicitation and provide insight into complex beliefs that are challenging to assess experimentally. Empirically, our results highlight that people know the rough shapes of environmental distributions, and these beliefs guide inference and generalization. Moreover, using our novel approach, we also show that people know the fine details of environmental distributions. Finally, our experimental results show that random generation paradigms can be a useful tool for cognitive scientists, psychologists, and applied statisticians.
Investigating the Appeal of Nicotine Pouch Packaging, Flavour Descriptors and Nicotine Descriptors among Adults in the UK: an online experiment
Authors: Taylor Eve , McNeill Ann , Simonavičius Erikas , Nottage Matilda K , Ebdon Madeleine , Cheeseman Hazel , Bunce Laura , Arnott Deborah , East Katherine Amy
Published: October 2024

Background: Nicotine pouches have the potential to be used for tobacco harm reduction. Pouches are often sold in brightly coloured packaging with conceptual flavour and nicotine descriptors, therefore, the UK has proposed packaging regulations. We examined the impact of standardised packaging, limiting flavour names and standardising nicotine descriptions on appeal and harm perceptions among adults.Methods: A 2024 Prolific Academic online experiment among UK Adults (N=2,967). Participants were randomised to one packaging condition from: (1) branded packs, (2) standardised with usual descriptions, (3) standardised with limited flavour descriptions, and (4) standardised with limited flavour and standardised nicotine descriptors. Logistic regressions examined associations between packaging conditions and 1) participants' interest in trying the products and 2) harm perceptions of the products relative to cigarettes.Results: There were no significant differences in reporting no interest in trying nicotine pouches in branded compared to standardised packaging with usual flavour descriptors, standardised packaging with limited flavour descriptors, and standardised packaging with limited flavour and nicotine descriptors. When stratified by vaping/smoking status, participants who currently vaped had lower odds of reporting no interest in standardised packaging with limited flavour descriptors, compared to branded.Packaging condition did not have an overall effect on relative harm perceptions. But, participants who had never smoked had lower odds of having a perception other than ‘harmful, but less harmful than smoking cigarettes’ for standardised packs with usual flavour descriptors compared to branded. Conclusions: Overall, standardising packaging, limiting flavour descriptions, and standardising nicotine descriptors had little effect on adults’ interest in trying nicotine pouches or their perceptions of relative harm. There were, however, some differences by smoking/vaping status.
KOMPOSISI PENDUDUK KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Lontoh Syaronika Patricia
Published: October 2024

Komposisi penduduk Minahasa Utara menunjukkan dinamika yang kompleks dan beragam, mencerminkan perpaduan budaya, ekonomi, dan sosial yang kaya. Sebagian besar penduduk merupakan suku Minahasa, dengan pengaruh dari suku-suku lain yang memperkaya identitas lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur demografis, termasuk distribusi usia, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat pendidikan penduduk. Data menunjukkan bahwa proporsi penduduk muda cukup tinggi, menandakan potensi besar untuk pengembangan sumber daya manusia.
Communicating with Generation Z. The Development of Pragmatic Competence of Advanced Polish Users of English
Authors: Dronia Iwona
Published: October 2024

This book intends to shed some light on the problem of second language communication from both cross-cultural and cross-generational angles and to diagnose communication patterns, opinions, and beliefs on the nature of L2 learning visible among the Generation Z group. Particular emphasis is placed on the development of pragmatic competence (pragmatic production and pragmatic comprehension). In order to assess the ILP development, it has been decided not only to evaluate the respondents’ language level but also their problems in communication. Diagnosing sociopragmatic competence as well as pragmalinguistic strategies implemented while performing three speech acts, that is, requesting, reacting to a compliment, and apologizing, allows one to indicate problematic areas and suggest some teaching implications, that in turn, will enable to introduce necessary changes and forms of work on the further development of English.
සිදත් සඟරාවේ ලිංග භේදය පිළිබඳ විමර්ශනාත්මක අධ්‍ය‍යනයක්
Authors: ආචාර්‍ය පූජ්‍ය පදියතලාවේ අමරවංශ හිමි
Published: October 2024

The only book currently available to learn Sinhala grammar is Sidath Sagara. This was written in the thirteenth century. Sidath Sagara talks about gender, only two genders as masculine and feminine nouns. Although Sidath Sagara says that there are two genders, according to the Sinhala practice, three genders are implemented. The third gender is the neuter gender. Sinhala gender has been introduced after paying attention to the gender difference in Pali and Sanskrit languages. Understand gender discrimination in Sidath Sagara without knowledge of Pali and Sanskrit languages. This is a problematic situation. Because of this, scholars refuse to explain the gender of the Sidath Sagara. Some people justify sidath Sagara's gender bias. This research was carried out in order to properly investigate Sidath Sagarava's gender examination and arrive at conclusions. why neuter gender is not valid in Sinhala in Sidath Sagarava's gender examination? is kept as the research problem. The main objective of the research was to study gender discrimination in Sidath Sagara. Studying the various ideologies that have been presented regarding gender discrimination, Sidath Sagara's research on gender and reaching balanced conclusions began. Sidath Sagara was kept as the primary source. Various editions of Sidath Sagara, Sinhala grammar books and Journals written in this regard, newspaper articles etc. were the secondary sources by studying the gender difference in Sidath Sagara and grammar tradition of Sinhala, it was kept as the basis of the research that the existing problems regarding gender discrimination in Sidath Sagara will be resolved. the research sample was only for the work of Sidath Sagara and Sinhala grammar tradition. From the data analysis of the research 1. Gender distiction as discrimination in Sidath Sagara is a gender discrimination used for poetry 2. the author of Sidath Sagara explains focusing on the gender distinction in Pali and Sanskrit languages and not focusing on the Sinhala language. 3. it is uncinded the three conclusions that Sidath Sagara's gender distinction is a traditional Sinhala grammatical tradition.
ශ්‍රී ලාංකේය ඡන්දදායකයාගේ දේශපාලන සාක්ෂරතාවය හා දේශපාලන සන්නිවේදනය
Authors: වාසනා මධුෂානි වීරහේනගේ  , වී.එස්. සූරියබණ්ඩාර
Published: October 2024

Literacy is the ability to read and write about a certain language. The majority of Sri Lanka does nothave formal political literacy. Accordingly, this study was conducted focusing on the influence ofcommunication on the political literacy of rural and urban people in the governance of Sri Lanka. Theresearch problem of this study was how political communication affects the political literacy of votersin general elections held after 1978. Secondary data was used for the research. Accordingly, the mainobjectives of this study were to study the effect of communication on the political literacy of citizensand voter behavior in the general elections held after 1978 in Sri Lanka, where the election results issuedby the Election Commission were used. Political communication has a direct impact on every electionheld in Sri Lanka. On the other hand, it was clear that social media, social media and the internet havesome influence on all the factors affecting the determination of public opinion. Therefore, it can be saidthat there is a need for a civilized media system in order to protect the public opinion of the people andwork on a political independence in the democratic governance and for that it is more appropriate tocreate moral virtues in the media.
Transformasi Digital Meningkatkan Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Perdhiansyah Perdhiansyah , Kusmana Endang
Published: October 2024

The digitalization of cooperative services the convenience, speed of service, comfort, and security are the main goals. for members when transacting with the cooperative. Improved financial performance illustrates a good level of financial health. When a process is assessed and monitored over time, the result is its performance. Knowing how the digitalization of services affects the financial performance of cooperatives in Pontianak City is the main objective of this research. This research uses a descriptive research strategy with quantitative methods. This research sample consists of all financial reports produced by institutions that have utilized the digitalization of cooperative services. The research results prove that digitalization of services has an effect on financial performance (ROA, ROE, BOPO). The digitalization of services has a major impact on the financial performance of cooperatives which grows along with advances in technology. This research is limited to the geographical area of Pontianak, so the results may not be generalizable to cooperatives in other locations.
Identifikasi Tutupan Lahan Menggunakan Support Vector Machine di Kawasan Perkotaan Cekungan Bandung
Authors: Purboyo Alvian Aji , Kurniawan Andri , Muta'ali Luthfi
Published: October 2024

The current mapping challenge is to obtain land cover information with a very high level of accuracy. This information can be useful for regional development, especially in the Bandung Basin Urban Area (KPCB). One of the problems in KPCB is spatial planning issues regarding land cover development. One approach to obtaining land cover information is by utilizing remote sensing technology using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. The research method employed in this study is remote sensing, with a unit of analysis based on Regency/City administrative boundaries. The data used in this research consists of Landsat imagery recorded in 2023. The aim of this research is to classify land cover and assess accuracy using the SVM method in KPCB. The SVM results provide information on six land covers: water bodies, secondary forests and mixed gardens, wet agricultural land, dry agricultural land, plantations, built-up land, and primary forests. The accuracy test yielded an overall accuracy of 90% and a kappa value of 0.88. The obtained accuracy in land cover classification is very high, indicating that the data used can be employed for further analysis. For instance, spatial analysis reveals that built-up land development in KPCB tends towards the south, highlighting the phenomenon of urban sprawl. Thus, the utilization of remote sensing technology for land cover information can offer valuable policy insights for addressing spatial planning and development in KPCB.
Implementasi Metode Klasifikasi LightGBM dan Analisis Survival dalam Memprediksi Pelanggan Churn
Authors: Illah Ibnu Zahy' Atha , Jauharis Sapu Wahyu Syaifullah , Damaliana Aviolla Terza
Published: October 2024

Increasingly tight competition in the business world causes every business sector to try to utilize relevant technology to maintain its market share. The success of a company is often measured by how strong the customer network they have. Loss of customers (customer churn) can cause a significant decrease in revenue and can even threaten the existence of the company itself. Therefore, predictive modeling and projection of customer churn is needed as a customer retention effort. This research involves the LightGBM classification algorithm for customer churn prediction and utilizes survival analysis for future projections. The results of the research can be used to prevent customer churn at companies, especially PT Kasir Pintar Internasional. LightGBM classification performance as measured by model evaluation reaches Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score values of 0.964, 0.971, 0.990, and 0.980 respectively. The LightGBM classification model also provides information on five important features that influence customer churn. Companies can use these five important features as material for designing customer retention strategies. Apart from that, the Cox Proportional Hazard survival model has a C-index evaluation value of 0.83, which means it is quite capable of projecting customer survival. The survival model also shows that currently non-churn customers have an average survival expectation of 15 months.
Studi Komparasi Software berbasis GUI dan CLI Terhadap Pengukuran Kualitas Throughput Jaringan Nirkabel IEEE 802.11ac
Authors: Saputro Vian Ardiyansyah , Arief Yanuar Zulardiansyah
Published: October 2024

One indicator of wireless network performance is throughput quality where the measurement of throughput quality itself has the aim of knowing the quality of service of a network and a picture of the behavior of the network. In measuring the quality of service of a network, supporting software is needed that can be used to measure the value of the quality of throughput. One of the software that can be used is graphical user interface-based software, namely JPERF, and command-line-based software, namely IPERF version 3. This study aims to compare and analyze two Command Line (CLI) based software using iperf version 3 and Graphical User Interface (GUI) based software using jperf which can produce the highest quality of TCP and UDP network throughput. The test results show that the use of JPERF software produces a higher throughput value when measuring throughput quality using the TCP protocol where the largest difference produced is 5 Mbps when sending 384 KB data packets while the throughput quality measurement using the UDP protocol iperf software version 3 produces a higher throughput value where there is the largest difference generated by 22 Mbps when sending 128 KB packets.
Klasifikasi Sentimen Presepsi Masyarakat di Instagram Terhadap Paslon Pilpres 2024 Menggunakan Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC)
Authors: Akbar Lionita Asa , Haerani Elin , Syafria Fadhilah , Nazir Alwis , Budianita Elvia
Published: October 2024

The 2024 presidential election has attracted considerable attention as it has become a controversial issue among the public. Various positive and negative opinions generated can potentially turn into rumors. One of the means used by the public to express their opinions is the social media platform Instagram. Data on public opinions on Instagram can be processed into valuable information through sentiment classification. This research conducted sentiment classification on public perceptions towards the 2024 presidential candidates using a naïve Bayes classifier. The study utilized a dataset consisting of 1000 comments. These comments were collected from several posts on the social media platform Instagram discussing the presidential and vice-presidential candidates. The comments were manually labeled by an expert who is a lecturer in the Indonesian language. Classification was carried out after preprocessing and weighting TF-IDF stages. Based on the research findings, the naïve Bayes classifier method showed an accuracy of 82% and an F1-Score of 83.93% obtained from a 90%:10% split of training and testing data. These results indicate that the naïve Bayes classifier method is  effective in classifying the sentiments of the public on Instagram towards the 2024 presidential candidates.
Analysis of Acceptance Factors of Job Portal Applications for Job Seekers in Indonesia Using TAM
Authors: Prakarsa Graha , Nursyanti Reni , Baransano Esar Samuel
Published: October 2024

This research is based on the problem of the high number of job portal application users which is supported by the large number of job seekers in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the acceptance of job portal applications for job seekers in Indonesia with external factors, information quality and system quality. This research uses quantitative methods with the data analysis technique used is PLS-SEM using smartPLS 3.2.9 software. Data collection was carried out by distributing online questionnaires to job portal application users in Indonesia and involving 610 respondents. Based on the results of the data analysis that has been carried out, it can be seen that information quality and system quality have a positive and significant influence on perceived usefulness and the magnitude of the influence is 58.8%, information quality and system quality have a positive and significant influence on perceived ease of use and magnitude. The influence is 56.4%, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a positive and significant influence on continuance intention to use and the magnitude of the influence is 63.8% and continuance intention to use has a significant positive influence on actual system use. Overall, information quality and system quality play a role in influencing actual system use indirectly.
Pengembangan Sistem Pendeteksi Gangguan Spektrum Autisme dengan Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor
Authors: Wulandari Ika Arthalia , Siregar Gunayanti Kemalasari
Published: October 2024

Autism Syndrome Disorder is a multifaceted developmental disorder of mental function with symptoms of impaired communication, social interaction, and distinctive behavioural patterns. A person with Autism Syndrome Disorder cannot form normal social relationships or communication. They have their world. This condition causes them to be isolated from the surrounding environment. Because the main problem faced in Indonesia is the misdiagnosis of autistic children as mentally retarded, so they cannot get the necessary treatment that allows these children to live like normal children. The diagnosis of autism is considered a big problem because the symptoms are easily confused with those of mental retardation. Diagnosis is one of the most challenging and complex problems due to the lack of specialist doctors who can diagnose it scientifically, resulting in misdiagnosis or neglect of autism in the early stages of a child's life, which leads to difficulties in intervention later in life. Successful intervention requires a correct diagnosis. Diagnosing autism disorders manually requires a specialist doctor, making this system have many shortcomings and weaknesses. Therefore, applying an expert system can help diagnose autistic disorders in patients. This expert system will be able to diagnose and obtain accurate results. Based on the results of system testing that has been carried out, it was found that of the 12 cases tested using the expert system, there was 1 case that should have had autism. However, the system diagnosed it as harmful, and 1 case should not have had autism, but the system diagnosed autism. So, it can be concluded that the system's accuracy rate for diagnosing autism is 83%
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK JESIGO (Citrus nobilis Lour) TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Yansen Fatridha , Prima Heppy Setya
Published: October 2024

Listeria monocytogenes dan Escherichia  coli adalah bakteri penyebab berbagai infeksi pada manusia. Kulit jeruk JESIGO  (Citrus nobilis Lour) mengandung  senyawa kimia berupa flavonoid,  alkaloid,  saponin  dan  tanin yang  berfungsi  sebagai  antibakteri. Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  mengetahui  aktivitas ekstrak kulit jeruk JESIGO  (Citrus nobilis Lour) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan  Listeria monocytogenes.  Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium  dengan metode  difusi  agar untuk mengetahui daya hambat terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan  Listeria monocytogenes melalui pembentukan zona inhibisi. Sampel  yang  digunakan adalah bakteri Escherichia coli dan  Listeria monocytogenes. Beberapa variasi konsentrasi ekstrak kulit jeruk JESIGO; 5%, 15%, 25%,  45%, digunakan dalam penelitian ini.  Amoxicilin  dan DMSO digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian,  konsentrasi ekstrak kulit jeruk JESIGO konsentrasi 45% menunjukkan daya hambat terbaik terhadap E. coli O157 dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 15,76 mm (kuat). Diameter zona hambat terbesar terhadap bakteri Listeria monocytogenes diperoleh dari ekstrak kulit jeruk JESIGO dengan kosentrasi 45% yaitu 19,98 mm (kuat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit jeruk JESIGO  (Citrus nobilis Lour)  memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan  Listeria monocytogenes dalam kategori kuat.
KARBON AKTIF BERPORI DARI KULIT JERUK (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) MELALUI METODA DEHIDRASI UNTUK KAPASITOR ELEKTROKIMIA
Authors: Tetra Olly Norita , Aziz Hermansyah , Arifin Bustanul , Deswati
Published: October 2024

Limbah kulit jeruk (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)  adalah precusor karbon aktif yang ramah lingkungan dan ekonomis untuk bahan elektroda kapasitor elektrokimia. Pada penelitian ini kulit jeruk telah dimanfaatkan sebagai precusor karbon aktif berpori melalui metoda dehidrasi dengan H2SO4 dan penambahan aktivator KOH pada suhu karbonisasi 400°C.  Karbon aktif yang dihasilkan terdiri dari karbon (71,42%) dan oksigen (28,58%), dengan volume pori  adalah   0,04281 cm³/g, diameter pori   2,57 nm  dan luas permukaan 140 m2/g dengan struktur dominan mesopori dan sedikit mikropori. Kinerja kapasitor elektrokimia dengan menggunakan karbon aktif dari kulit jeruk mencapai 10,75 mF dengan jumlah elektron 647,365 x 1015 elektron pada kondisi luas permukaan elektroda 3x3 cm2, ketebalan elektroda 0,15 cm dan elektrolit H3PO4 0,3 N. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sintesis karbon aktif kulit jeruk melalui dehidrasi asam memberikan keuntungan dalam segi efisiensi biaya, waktu  dan proses preparasi  untuk menghasilkan karbon aktif  berpori dengan luas permukaan yang tinggi sebagai kapasitor elektrokimia berkinerja tinggi.
PENYISIHAN LOGAM BESI DALAM SAMPEL AIR TANAH MENGGUNAKAN BIJI BUAH MATOA (POMETIA PINNATA) DENGAN METODE BIOSORBSI
Authors: Putra Arief Yandra , Mairizki Fitri
Published: October 2024

Pertumbuhan industri telah berkontribusi pada masalah lingkungan karena menghasilkan limbah cair atau padat sebagai produk sekunder setelah pemrosesan industri salah satunya limbah logam berat yang telah menjadi ancaman bagi dunia. Logam berat dapat menyebabkan efek toksik yang lebih serius, termasuk kanker, kerusakan otak, atau kematian, dan dapat merusak lingkungan. Besi adalah varian dari logam berat padat dan beracun yang ditemukan dalam kelompok IVA, terutama berbahaya saat tertelan oleh organisme hidup, terutama spesies manusia. Zat logam ini memiliki kecenderungan untuk menumpuk di dalam ekosistem, dan penghapusannya melalui cara biologis terbukti sangat menantang.  Salah satu metode yang bisa digunakan adalah biosorpsi dengan mengggunakan biji buah matoa (Pometia Pinnata)  sebagai adsorben. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan biji matoa (Pometia Pinnata) dalam mengurangi kandungan Logam besi didalam sampel. Metode biosorpsi yang digunakan didalam penelitian ini secara batch. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah tidak terlihat pengaruh yang signifikan perubahan warna pada air tanah sebelum dan dikontakkan dengan biosorben dari biji matoa. Pada penentuan pHpzc yaitu pada pH 4 dengan waktu kontak optimum 60 menit dan dosis sampel 0,1 g serta kecepatan pengadukan 200 rpm Dimana kecepatan pengadukan sangat mempengaruhi kemampuan daya serap adsorben dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 0,341 mg/L.  Biji buah matoa memiliki kemampuan dalam mengurangi kandungan logam berat Fe didalam air tanah.
Apolitical Humanitarianism?
Authors: Haggar Sarah
Published: October 2024

In humanitarian organizations, neoliberal mechanisms of power exist in tension with the humanitarian desire to do good. Drawing upon digital ethnographic fieldwork, I explore how PeaceUnite, an international interfaith organization, navigates the challenges, obstacles, and contradictions posed by neoliberal entanglements. PeaceUnite navigates geopolitical and humanitarian borders through transnational peacebuilding efforts, and their responsibilization discourses emphasize local expertise while undermining local agency through their auditing and managerial frameworks of centralizing power. Despite the deeply political environment in which they work, PeaceUnite claims to be apolitical, a stance that conceals internal and external contradictions. I argue that these neoliberal discourses create an environment where state power is strengthened, and national borders reinforced, restricting PeaceUnite's organizational mission and reducing their impact.
“The Story's in the Telling”
Authors: Allsopp Jennifer
Published: October 2024

This article develops the narratological approach to well-being research through the novel use of literary theory. It is the first article to explore the role of narrative genre in how unaccompanied refugee and migrant youth expressed their life projects and experiences of confronting the challenges and opportunities of the migration and asylum regime. It argues that narrative is important to understanding their life projects and well-being needs, as well as to how they understand themselves in relation to society and how likely they are to interact (or not) with support structures. Five main narrative genres are discussed that were encountered in mixed-methods ethnographic fieldwork with over 100 individuals in England and Italy: (1) tragedy, (2) comedy, (3) epic, (4) confession, and (5) fantasy. The article interrogates the value of “truth” in these narratives and concludes that storytelling is fundamentally linked to the sense of ontological security, which is vital to the youths’ subjective well-being.
The Radiator
Authors: Chien Ngoi Hui
Published: October 2024

As a Chinese born and raised in tropical Malaysia, I had never seen a radiator before studying in the United Kingdom. Therefore, when I first arrived in the UK in the autumn, I embarrassingly mistook the panel radiator in my room for the place to hang my towel. To capture the experience, I wrote my poem in the shape of a panel radiator, a rectangle with two stands on the sides. Written vertically from right to left, the poem's form resembles the ancient Chinese texts. I chose this form because the UK's autumn reminded me of literary works from China about autumn. Both locales are “the North” for me: while the UK is in the Global North, China is in the North for Malaysians.
Book Reviews
Authors: Turner Lewis , Kleist Nauja , Majidi Nassim , Clark-Kazak Christina , Matar Josiane , Pomeshikov Ayda Apa
Published: October 2024

Domicide: Architecture, War and Destruction of Home in Syria. Ammar Azzouz. 2023. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts. 176 pages. ISBN 9781350248106 (hardback); ISBN 9781350248113 (ebook).

Tahriib – Journeys into the Unknown. An Ethnography of Uncertainty in Migration. Anja Simonsen. 2023. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 228 pages. ISSN 2662-2602

Border Nation: A Story of Migration. Leah Cowan, 2021. London: Pluto Press. 167 pages. ISBN 9780745341071 paperback, ISBN 9781786807038 (ebook)

The Refugee System: A Sociological Approach. Rawan Arar and David Scott FitzGerald. 2023. Cambridge: Polity Press. 316 pages. ISBN 9781509542796

Continental Encampment: Genealogies of Humanitarian Containment in the Middle East and Europe. Are John Knudsen and Kjersti G. Berg, eds.2023. Berghahn Books. 332 pages. ISBN 9781800738454 (ebook)

We Thought It Would Be Heaven: Refugees in an Unequal America. Blair Sackett and Annette Lareau. 2023. Berkeley: University of California Press. 291 pages. ISBN 9780520976504
Unpacking Agency and Coercion
Authors: Yunus Reva
Published: October 2024

This article offers insights into how ‘boyhoods’ are shaped by class locations and experiences of poverty and problem-solving in the central Indian city of Indore. In their classed and gendered efforts to find routes to socioeconomic survival and mobility, schoolboys construct competing understandings of the relative (im)morality of violence, romance, and vigilantism. Drawing upon interviews with boys aged 13-17years, the paper unpacks how these views are shaped by caste patriarchy, urban poverty and economic informality, and local politics centering on right-wing nationalism in Indore. In the process, this article responds to calls by childhood scholars to rethink ‘agency’ in a relational and contextual way and offers accounts of marginalized masculinities that hold out possibilities for a ‘social democratic transformation’ as imagined by Raewyn Connell.
The Men and the Monks
Authors: Theobald Benjamin
Published: October 2024

This article explores how young novice monks, studying at a Buddhist monastic school in a rural province of northern Thailand, come to understand their developing masculinities. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2021, the article considers the plural forms of masculinity that novice monks are exposed to. In line with dominant strands of theory in gender studies, masculinity here is understood as taking on several potential forms. Forms adhering to normative understandings of how masculinity should be expressed are examined, with a focus on monastic masculinity as it has been described in Buddhist contexts, alongside local Thai lay-masculinities. By examining how novice monks interpret idealized archetypes conforming to each of these masculine forms, the article argues for the value of analyzing youth masculinities in light of normative frameworks.
Youth Masculinities in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Maycock Matthew , Shah Ojaswi , Brethfeld Julie
Published: October 2024

The study of men and masculinity is receiving increased attention within South Asia generally, and Nepal specifically. Within this emerging empirical context, this article analyzes the findings of a study undertaken by the UK NGO Saferworld in collaboration with two Nepali NGOs in Eastern Nepal in 2014. This qualitative study used a range of methods, including the participatory learning and reflections approach involving young men aged 16–25 years. Alongside gendered opportunities through negotiating their (young) masculinities, our young male participants felt significant pressures, confusion, and even frustrations. Our article considers changing expectations and opportunities with regard to gender equality and in gender roles, contributing unique insights into the performance of youth masculinities in post-conflict (post 2006) Nepal.
Political Ontology and Emancipation in Castoriadis and Laclau–Mouffe
Authors: Piñeiro David Sánchez
Published: October 2024

Cornelius Castoriadis’ The Imaginary Institution of Society and Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's Hegemony and Socialist Strategy are two cornerstones of contemporary political philosophy. Insufficient consideration has been given to the fact that both works show important theoretical coincidences in terms of structure and content. The first part of this article explores the possibility of reading Castoriadis’ work in post-foundational terms, following Oliver Marchart's approach. In addition, the respective political ontologies of Castoriadis and Laclau and Mouffe are presented as ‘ontologies of signification’ in which the imaginary/discursive component is central. Finally, the contributions of the three authors to the emancipatory project through the notions of ‘autonomy’ (Castoriadis) and ‘radical democracy’ (Laclau and Mouffe) are considered, highlighting both their common features and their divergences. The latter had to do mainly with their antagonistic conceptions of political representation and its relation to democracy.
The Biopolitics of COVID-19
Authors: Amo-Agyemang Charles
Published: October 2024

This article is heavily inspired by Michel Foucault's lectures on biopolitical power over life as a starting point for thinking about contemporary global response to COVID-19. The article examines how the government of Ghana deployed biopolitical interventions in response to the pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the biopolitics of the current moment, demonstrating the levels of intrusiveness that state power structures have on biological life of the population. The article theorises that the government of Ghana's response to the pandemic indicates that the biopolitical critique of the extension of regulatory governance of life has become blurred in our contemporary times. In conclusion, the article investigates the biopolitics of the pandemic governance from the perspective of conceptualising a ‘beyond’ of such biopolitics, arguing that a critique of existing biopolitics needs to account for its embeddedness in the affirmative modes of biopolitics.
Book Reviews
Authors: Souffrant Eddy M. , Freerks Vanessa A.C.
Published: October 2024

Andrew Fiala, Tyranny from Plato to Trump: Fools, Sycophants, and Citizens, 2022. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 256pp. ISBN: 978-1-5381-9806-3 (pbk)

Alan N. Shapiro, Decoding Digital Culture with Science Fiction. Hyper-Modernism, Hyperreality, and Posthumanism, 2024. Transcript Independent Academic Publishing, 374pp. ISBN 978-3-8394-7242-2 (e-book PDF)
A Study of the Effect of Fair Value Measurement on the Financial Performances of Selected NSE-Listed Companies
Authors: Banerjee Devdeep , Paul Biswajit
Published: October 2024

In recent years, fair value measurement has become an important concept in accounting terminology. A significant development has been observed when the measurement of assets and liabilities has been made through fair value while preparing the financial statement of an entity. The importance of which is entirely related to transparency, reliability, and comparability of the statements of affairs of business entities. The question of transparency in accounting arose as the number of stakeholders in business entities increased. In India, fair value measurement is based on Ind AS 113, and it has had an enormous impact on the financial performances of companies listed on the NSE. This paper dwells upon the fact regarding the impact of fair value measurement on financial performances of the top 12 NSE-listed companies of two sectors, namely, automobile and metal, by means of the Fair Value Index (FVI) and by content analysis technique to show the trend through the ratio of these two sectors and whether these companies’ financial position has been improving by implementing FVM in their reporting. The data has been collected from secondary sources, and the research is basically an exploratory in nature. The results show that none of the companies under these two sectors perform very poorly after disclosures under FVM; rather, these companies are trying to improve their financial recording by implementing proper disclosures and nomenclatures.
The Impact of Transactional Leadership on Work Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement
Authors: Ran Xu , Binti Rosli Rozaini , Abbas Ali Dhakir
Published: October 2024

Drawing on the theory of transactional leadership, this study investigates the potential impact of transactional leadership on work performance through the mediating role of work engagement. A survey was conducted among 157 employees from a manufacturing enterprise in China, revealing that transactional leadership significantly and positively influences both work performance and work engagement. Moreover, work engagement fully mediates the relationship between transactional leadership and work performance. This study offers practical management strategies for enterprise leaders, emphasising task-oriented approaches, goal-setting, and motivating employees to invest greater effort through work promotions, material incentives, and other methods, ultimately fostering improved work performance.