bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flipped learning wheel (FLW): a framework and process design for flipped L2 writing classes
Authors: Luo Zhanni , O’Steen Billy , Brown Cheryl
Published: April 2020

It is widely recognized that feedback is important for the improvement of second language (L2) writing skills; however, teachers are facing challenges in providing sufficient and quick feedback on students’ written works. This study proposes to employ the flipped classroom approach and peer feedback in L2 writing classes. Though previous studies provided sufficient theoretical frameworks and design guidelines in both fields, there is still a lack of actionable process designs specifically for L2 writing that combine flipped learning and peer feedback. To address the aforementioned gaps, this article uses a ‘design thinking’ approach to establish a framework named the Flipped Learning Wheel (FLW), which contains the components and principles of a typical flipped learning class. To achieve collaborative and reflective learning, which have been rarely specified in previous flipped learning research, this study involves the jigsaw technique and process writing approach in the design. The paper presents a detailed explanation of the FLW implementation process in L2 writing classes that contains 18 steps. We also interviewed eight L2 writing teachers about their perceptions on the FLW framework’s feasibility in practice. Respondents report that the teaching process is specific, actionable and feasible for real-life teaching, which also leaves sufficient freedom for teachers to make adjustments. However, more attention should be paid to classroom management, class size and teacher competence. The FLW framework and implementation process presented in this article can be directly used, adapted or reshaped by L2 writing teachers for students with middle and upper language ability. Future studies can also implement this process design in practice and test its impact on writing ability and engagement.
Novel activity of Streptomyces aminopeptidase P
Authors: Wan Kun , Uraji Misugi , Yang Lingli , Nakahigashi Ryota , Hatanaka Tadashi
Published: April 2020

Streptomyces aminopeptidase P enzymes are proline-specific peptidases that belong to the peptidase M24 family. To evaluate the activity of a commercial Streptomyces aminopeptidase P, named ‘XPO DUET’, we performed three experiments involving degradation of tryptic casein, production of free amino acids from casein hydrolysate, and hydrolysis of synthetic peptides. Using an ion-trap liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) apparatus, we demonstrate that XPO DUET could degrade FFVAPFPEVFGK, an allergic and bitter peptide, VAPFPEVFGK, and PEVFGK from tryptic casein. All amino acids, except Ala, Asp, Glu, and Tyr, were released in an XPO DUET activity-dependent manner during the hydrolysis of casein hydrolysate. LC–MS analysis also revealed the ability of XPO DUET to completely hydrolyze Phe-Phe-Phe into free Phe. Thus, we confirm that XPO DUET possesses broader specificity than its known activity toward Xaa-Pro peptides. Because XPO DUET is a food-grade peptidase, it is useful in the bioprocessing of protein hydrolysates through its combination with other food-grade peptidases.
Determinants of Acute Asthma Attack among adult asthmatic patients visiting hospitals of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019: case control study
Authors: Negash Melaku , Tsegabrhan Hagos , Meles Teklit , Tadesse Degena Bahrey , Gidey Gebreamlak , Berhane Yemane , Berhanu Kibrom , Haylemaryam Tsgalem
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Acute asthma attack is one of the most common causes of visits to hospital emergency departments in all age groups of the population and accounts for the greater part of healthcare burden from the disease. Despite, Acute asthma attack is an important public health problem that affects not only the patients, but also to the family, health professionals, health care institutions and development of the nation, little is known about the risk factors of acute asthma attack.

Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the determinants of acute asthma attack among.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the determinant factors of acute asthma attack among adult asthmatic patients visiting general hospitals of central zone, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019.

Method

Hospital based unmatched case control study design was conducted in general hospitals of central zone of Tigray, Ethiopia 2019. Data were collected using pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. A total of 289 study subjects (96 cases &193 controls) were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were entered to Epi data version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the statistical association between dependent and independent variables. Variables with p value < 0.25 in binary logistic regression were entered to multivariable logistic regression model and variables with p value < 0.05 was taken as significant determinants of the outcome variable.

Result

A total of 96 adult asthmatic patients who have acute asthma attack (cases) and 193 adult asthmatic patients without attack (controls)) with 100% response rate were participated in this study. Upper Respiratory tract Infection [AOR = 6.835,95% CI = 3.285,14.222], Season [AOR =2.204,95% CI = 1.011,4.805] kitchen smoke [AOR = 2.307,95%CI1.010,5.272]& sleep apnea [AOR = 9.254, 5%CI =3.563,25.460] were significantly associated with acute asthma exacerbation.
A comparison of femoral tunnel placement in ACL reconstruction using a 70° arthroscope through the anterolateral portal versus a 30° arthroscope through the anteromedial portal: a pilot 3D-CT study
Authors: Kosy Jonathan D. , Walmsley Katie , Sharma Akash D. , Gordon Elizabeth A. , Heddon Sadie V. , Anaspure Rahul , Schranz Peter J. , Mandalia Vipul I.
Published: April 2020

Background

Graft malposition is a risk factor for failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A 70° arthroscope improves visualisation of the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle without switching portals. We investigated whether the use of this arthroscope affected the accuracy and precision of femoral tunnel placement.

Methods

Fifty consecutive adult patients were recruited. Following one withdrawal and two exclusions, 47 patients (30 in group 1 (70° arthroscope), 17 in group 2 (30° arthroscope)) underwent three-dimensional computed tomography imaging using a grid-based system to measure tunnel position.

Results

No difference was found in the accuracy or precision of tunnels (mean position: group 1 = 33.3 ± 6.0% deep–shallow, 27.2 ± 5.2% high–low; group 2 = 31.7 ± 6.9% deep–shallow, 29.0 ± 6.2% high–low; not significant). A post-hoc power analysis suggests a study of 106 patients would be required.

Conclusions

This pilot study suggests that tunnel position is not affected by the arthroscope used. An appropriately powered study could investigate this finding alongside other potential benefits of using a 70° arthroscope for this procedure.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT02816606. Registered on 28 June 2016.
Impact of laparoscopic ovarian drilling on the pregnancy rate in clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome patients undergoing in vitro fertilization: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nada Adel M. , Abdelwahab Hala , Nabil Hala , Mohsen Reham A.
Published: April 2020

Background

The main objective of this randomized controlled trial was to study the impact of LOD on the pregnancy rate after ICSI-ET in PCOS.

Results

The study was conducted in Egypt in the period 2015–2017 and included 212 clomiphene-resistant PCOS patients, with at least 1-year infertility. The study group was the drilling group who underwent LOD and then ICSI-ET, while the control group did not undergo LOD but directly proceeded to ICSI-ET. The primary outcome was the clinical pregnancy rate per ET cycle. The baseline characteristics and hormonal profiles were comparable (p > 0.05) between the two groups. Ovarian stimulation days were (p < 0.001) higher in the drilling group. Endometrial thickness, estradiol at triggering day, and the number of oocytes retrieved were (p < 0.001) lower in the drilling group. The numbers of embryos transferred were not different (p > 0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate per ET cycle was higher in the drilling group (51%) than in the control group (37%) (p = 0.046). Multiple pregnancies were not significantly (p = 0.265) different between groups. The rate of OHSS was (p = 0.046) higher in the control group. Coasting was (p < 0.001) higher in the control group (18%) compared to the drilling group (2%).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for PCOS patients before ICSI-ET improves the clinical pregnancy rate with a reduction of OHSS.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial Registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR), PACTR201604001567272, 5 April 2016.
Toward Modernization of Geriatric Oncology by Digital Health Technologies
Authors: Shahrokni Armin , Loh Kah Poh , Wood William A.
Published: April 2020

The number of older adults with cancer is increasing. Over the past 3 decades, geriatric oncology research has focused on improving the assessment of frailty and fitness of older adults with cancer as well as methods of improving their outcomes. At the same time, advances in digital health technologies have opened new frontiers for reaching this goal. Digital health technologies encompass a variety of solutions, from electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) to big data and wireless sensors. These solutions have the potential to further advance our understanding of patients’ experiences during cancer treatment. Whereas the data on the feasibility and utility of such solutions in the care of older adults with cancer are limited, interest from digital health oncology researchers to further explore the benefits of these products is increasing. In this article, we describe the focus of geriatric oncology, the rationale behind the need to explore digital health technologies in this setting, and emerging data and ongoing studies, as well as provide guidelines for proper selection, implementation, and testing of digital health solutions in the context of geriatric oncology.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Caribbean Patients With Adult T-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia at Two Affiliated New York City Hospitals
Authors: Chiu Edwin , Samra Bachar , Tam Eric , Baseri Babak , Lin Bo , Luhrs Carol , Gonsky Jason , Sawas Ahmed , Taiwo Evelyn , Sidhu Gurinder
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE

Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATL) is a rare and aggressive peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 infection, which occurs in areas of high prevalence, predominantly in Japan and the Caribbean basin. Most ATL literature is derived from Japan and little is published about Caribbean patients. We describe the clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment outcomes of our Caribbean patients who have ATL at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of our patients with ATL who were diagnosed between 2005 and 2017. Medical records were reviewed for clinicopathologic data and treatment outcomes. The final analysis included acute and lymphomatous subtypes only. For the univariable analysis, outcomes were calculated by using a log-rank test, and survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS

We identified 63 patients with acute (55%) and lymphomatous (45%) subtypes, 95% of whom had Ann Arbor stage III to IV disease. The median age was 54 years, and the study population was predominantly female (65%). Most patients (82%) received first-line etoposide, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (EPOCH) or cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy (10%) with an overall response rate of 46%. The median overall survival was 5.5 months, and the median progression-free survival was 4 months. Incidence of atypical immunophenotype (32%) was higher than previously reported in the Japanese literature and was associated with worse survival ( P = .04). Abnormal cytogenetics correlated with shorter progression-free survival ( P < .05).

CONCLUSION

We describe here the clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment outcomes of our Caribbean patients with aggressive ATL, which is largely chemotherapy resistant, and the challenges of treating a population with unmet medical needs.
Thyroid Hormone Facilitates in vitro Decidualization of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells via Thyroid Hormone Receptors
Authors: Kakita-Kobayashi Maiko , Murata Hiromi , Nishigaki Akemi , Hashimoto Yoshiko , Komiya Shinnosuke , Tsubokura Hiroaki , Kido Takeharu , Kida Naoko , Tsuzuki-Nakao Tomoko , Matsuo Yoshiyuki , Bono Hidemasa , Hirota Kiichi , Okada Hidetaka
Published: April 2020

Endometrial stromal cells differentiate into decidual cells through the process of decidualization. This differentiation is critical for embryo implantation and the successful establishment of pregnancy. Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that thyroid hormone is important in the endometrium during implantation, and it is commonly believed that thyroid hormone is essential for proper development, differentiation, growth, and metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the impact of thyroid hormone on decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) and define its physiological roles in vitro by gene targeting. To identify the expression patterns of thyroid hormone, we performed gene expression profiling of hESCs during decidualization after treating them with the thyroid hormone levothyroxine (LT4). A major increase in decidual response was observed after combined treatment with ovarian steroid hormones and thyroid hormone. Moreover, LT4 treatment also affected the regulation of many transcription factors important for decidualization. We found that type 3 deiodinase, which is particularly important in fetal and placental tissues, was upregulated during decidualization in the presence of thyroid hormone. Further, it was observed that progesterone receptor, an ovarian steroid hormone receptor, was involved in thyroid hormone–induced decidualization. In the absence of thyroid hormone receptor (TR), due to the simultaneous silencing of TRα and TRβ, thyroid hormone expression was unchanged during decidualization. In summary, we demonstrated that thyroid hormone is essential for decidualization in the endometrium. This is the first in vitro study to find impaired decidualization as a possible cause of infertility in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) patients.
Age-specific and gender-specific radiation risks in paediatric angiography and interventional cardiology: conversion coefficients and risk reference values
Authors: Karambatsakidou Angeliki , Steiner Kristoffer , Fransson Annette , Poludniowski Gavin
Published: April 2020

Objectives:

To estimate risk for exposure-induced cancer death (REID), organ-specific risks of exposure-induced cancer death (REIDHT) and associated conversion coefficients (CCREID:KAP=REID/kerma-area product (KAP), CCREIDHT:KAP=REIDHT/KAP) in paediatric cardiac catheterizations using data from radiation dose structured reports (RDSR). A novel risk surveillance tool consisting of age-specific and gender-specific risk reference values (RRVs) related to population cancer risk is suggested.

Methods:

The PCXMC v.2.0 code is used together with exposure-related information from RDSR from a cohort of 238 children to assess cancer risks and related conversion coefficients. The KAP corresponding to 1 in 1000 of increased REID is used to define age-specific and gender-specific KAP values to monitor risk in such patient cohorts, here denoted as RRVs.

Results:

The REID estimates ranged from below 1 up to 300 in 100,000, and the RRVs for the different age groups and gender ranged from 0.77 Gycm2 and 2.1 Gycm2 for neonates (female, male) to 11 Gycm2 and 25 Gycm2 for 15-year-olds (female, male). The CCREID:KAP and CCREIDHT:KAP decreased biexponentially with increased age, being notably higher for female patients.

Conclusions:

Prominent risk contributing organs were the lungs and the (female) breast. The concept of age-specific and gender-specific RRVs related to population cancer risk is introduced and is intended to be used as a supporting tool for physicians performing such interventions.

Advances in knowledge:

Age-related and gender-related conversion coefficients for radiation risk, CCREID:KAP and CCREIDHT:KAP, are introduced and a novel risk surveillance concept, the RRV, is suggested for paediatric cardiac catheterizations.
The Sensory-Motor Grounding of the TIME IS SPACE Conceptual Metaphor
Authors: Martín Alejandra , Trench Máximo , Minervino Ricardo Adrián
Published: April 2020

Conceptual metaphor theory postulates that interpreting metaphorical expressions requires mentally simulating the base sensory-motor experiences of the conceptual metaphor from which they are derived. Even though TIME IS SPACE is one of the most studied conceptual metaphors, the evidence about its embodied basis is scarce and equivocal. An experiment was carried out to test the thesis that interpreting EGO MOVING metaphorical expressions involves simulating the experience of moving forward towards a fixed destination. While participants in the experimental group read EGO MOVING metaphorical expressions after performing the sensory-motor activity that corresponded to the base domain, participants in the control group read those metaphorical expressions after performing an unrelated physical activity. No differences in reading times were found between the two conditions. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of previous research on the embodied perspective on metaphor comprehension.
Mujeres supervivientes de violencia de pareja: factores y procesos psicológicos implicados en la decisión de permanecer o abandonar la relación
Authors: Aiquipa Tello Jesús Joel , Canción Suárez Nelly María
Published: April 2020

Entre todos los contextos de violencia contra la mujer, la violencia de pareja es la más frecuente a escala mundial. Esta genera consecuencias perjudiciales para la mujer, la familia y la sociedad. En el ámbito científico, denodados esfuerzos se realizan para identificar aquellos factores asociados a este tipo de violencia. Así, es importante indagar aquellas razones referidas por las mismas protagonistas para continuar o terminar una relación violenta, pues tales motivos pueden asumir la función de factores subjetivos determinantes de su conducta. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y comprender los factores y los procesos psicológicos que influyeron en la decisión de una mujer para continuar o terminar una relación de pareja violenta. Mediante una metodología cualitativa y un diseño de teoría fundamentada, se realizaron entrevistas individuales y dos sesiones de grupo focal a nueve mujeres adultas residentes en Lima, Perú, sobrevivientes de una relación de pareja heterosexual violenta. Los datos se analizaron mediante un proceso de comparación constante. Los resultados indican que factores como la dependencia emocional, la tendencia protectora y el sistema de creencias irracionales influyeron en las participantes para continuar la relación violenta. Por su parte, factores como la priorización del bienestar de los hijos y el apoyo social movilizaron procesos psicológicos de afrontamiento para terminarla. Estos resultados muestran el papel activo que asume el grupo de mujeres para enfrentar la violencia de pareja. Los hallazgos deben considerarse en la implementación de programas de tratamiento y prevención, a fin de optimizar la calidad de la atención en los servicios de salud.
URBANIZAÇÃO E PEQUENOS MUNICÍPIOS NA BAHIA: UMA ANÁLISE COM BASE NO MUNICÍPIO DE BELO CAMPO
Authors: Moreira Silmara Oliveira
Published: April 2020

O processo de urbanização no Brasil trouxe amplas transformações que se espraiaram pelo território. Se por um lado algumas cidades, nas quais se instalavam as grandes indústrias, eram modificadas pelas construções e pela necessidade de atrair trabalhadores para operarem na larga produção; por outro, em municípios da região Nordeste as transformações na produção do espaço eram também oriundas desse processo, mas se justificavam especialmente devido à saída de trabalhadores para outras regiões do país. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os aspectos da urbanização e suas implicações na estruturação dos pequenos municípios na Bahia, tendo Belo Campo como recorte. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo utilizou-se de pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais em bancos de dados do IBGE, bem como a aplicação de entrevistas. Os rearranjos espaciais pelos quais o país passou refletiram na dinâmica interna não só das áreas urbanas da Bahia, mas também no campo.
PROCESSO DE URBANIZAÇÃO E AS PEQUENAS CIDADES DO TERRITÓRIO DO SISAL: UM BREVE PANORAMA
Authors: Maciel Eliane Cruz
Published: April 2020

Tendo em vista a diversidade e a heterogeneidade das pequenas cidades existentes no Brasil, o enfoque do texto volta-se ao caso do Território do Sisal, no intuito de analisar o processo de urbanização ocorrido, ao longo dos anos, bem como trazer a caracterização dos pequenos municípios em que estão localizadas as mesmas, seus aspectos históricos, dinâmicas populacionais, econômicas e sociais. A metodologia empregada pautou-se no levantamento bibliográfico, bem como de dados empíricos e documentais. As mudanças que ocorreram na cadeia produtiva do sisal refletiram no processo de urbanização e desencadearam a crise nesse território, bem como geraram problemas, dentre os quais se destacam: fragilidade econômica, desemprego e ausência de infraestrutura para atender os citadinos. A urbanização está em constante movimento de transformação e o seu vetor é dado pela divisão territorial do trabalho, que repercute nas cidades.
The Pathfinder
Authors: Davis Ingrid
Published: April 2020

An homage to the scholar, traveller and person Geoff Davis by his wife, Ingrid Davis.
Noves perspectives a l'entorn de l'aprenentatge inicial del llenguatge
Authors: Bosch Laura
Published: April 2020

Introducció.
Entrevista al professor Cristopher Fennell
Authors: Bosch Laura
Published: April 2020

Entrevista.
Entrevista a la professora Nivedita Mani
Authors: Bosch Laura
Published: April 2020

Entrevista.
‘Newsworthy victims’: The killing of Maxwell Mahama and the culture of lynching in Ghana
Authors: Odartey-Wellington Felix , Alhassan Amin , MacRae Sarah
Published: April 2020

Following the 2017 killing of Maxwell Adam Mahama by a lynch mob in Ghana, this article engages with the subject of lynching in Ghana through a content analysis of newsmedia items relating to the practice. While reactions to Mahama’s killing invite optimism that lynching as a form of instant (in)justice is being problematized in Ghana, this study leads to a less optimistic position. State, media and public responses to Mahama’s killing were compared vis-à-vis similar killings of two police officers – Jerry Wornoo and Richard Owusu-Sekyere – in 1998. Drawing on the relevant literature, this study concluded that a number of factors combined to make Mahama, Wornoo and Owusu-Sekyere ‘newsworthy victims’. In contrast, victims in several lynching cases reported by Ghanaian media between 1999 and May 2017 were not deemed newsworthy, thus attracting less attention. Consequently, there have been missed opportunities following the Wornoo and Owusu-Sekyere killings to make critical systemic interventions in Ghana to prevent lynching. Hence, it is argued, the mere sensationalization of Mahama’s lynching may not trigger the requisite systemic social change. Recommendations are made to harness the momentum from Mahama’s killing to address instant (in)justice.
Reseña de Treballadors, sindicalistes i clandestins. Històries orals de República, guerra i resistència. Volum III
Authors: Roig-Munar Francesc Xavier
Published: April 2020

La últimas obras del historiador David Ginard, Treballadors, sindicalistes i clandestins (Ginard, 2012, 2014), y la que presentamos en esta reseña, presentan el testimonio oral transcrito literalmente de antiguos activistas de izquierdas que vivieron el período histórico de 1930-1950 en las Islas Baleares, previo al proceso de turistificación del archipiélago.
Joven, reconocida, pero frágil
Authors: Gómez Pedro Pablo
Published: April 2020

Estudios Artísticos: revista de investigación creadora, es una de las revistas académicas más jóvenes del campo del arte en Colombia y en América Latina. Creada en 2015, como iniciativa de un grupo de artistas que a la sazón nos encontrábamos en la tarea de posicionar un campo emergente para la formación y la investigación creación denominado precisamente estudios artísticos, porque vimos la necesidad de contar con un medio adecuado para la socialización de los resultados de investigación y creación de los estudios artísticos.
Proposiciones y escenificaciones. Agenda de Wilson Díaz en la última década del siglo XX y en tránsito hacia el siglo XXI squeda de lo nacional: Mestizaje y eugenesia, el caso de dos novelas colombianas
Authors: Barón Pino María Sol Irene , Ordóñez Robayo Camilo Andrés
Published: April 2020

La trayectoria artística de Wilson Díaz en el tránsito del siglo XX al XXI permite trazar un mapa de transformación del campo artístico colombiano, evidente en una renovación de actores e instituciones del campo que redefinieron el arte y sus prácticas. Hemos escogido siete proyectos de Wilson Díaz desarrollados entre 1988 y 2001 que permitirán comprender una escena artística en transformación a través de una descripción interpretativa de cada trabajo, al tiempo que un análisis del contexto expositivo y de gestión que los hicieron posibles. Hemos encontrado estrategias comunes en algunos de ellos, y preguntas centrales, que bien pueden establecer una relación dialógica: intervenciones y acciones en el espacio público y parodias o intervenciones a escenarios institucionales. Como resultado, este relato caracteriza un contexto poco descrito hasta el momento, pero necesario para comprender transformaciones del campo y prácticas artísticas en Colombia durante la historia reciente.
Faktory ovlivňující přechod žáků do středoškolských maturitních oborů
Authors: Straková Jana , Simonová Jaroslava , Greger David
Published: April 2020

Abstrakt: Cílem článku je přispět k výzkumu vzdělanostních nerovností v Českém vzdělávacím systému analýzou vzdělanostních aspirací žáků v závěru povinného vzdělávání a faktorů podmiňujících jejich úspěšnost při přechodu do maturitního studia. Po ukončení 9. ročníku základní školy žáci volí mezi třemi typy vzdělávacích programů s velmi odlišnými kurikuly: gymnáziem, středním odborným vzděláním s maturitou a středním odborným vzděláním bez maturity. Rozhodnutí o volbě programu je záležitostí rodiny, škola do něj zpravidla vstupuje minimálně. Článek si klade za cíl zjistit, do jaké míry jsou aspirace na maturitní studium a úspěšnost při přechodu do maturitního studia ovlivněny vědomostmi žáků, jejich školním prospěchem a socioekonomickým statusem. Dále zjišťuje, do jaké míry jsou aspirace na maturitní studium podmíněny pocitem akademického zmaru a vztahem ke škole. Kanalýzám byla využita data získaná v roce 2003 v rámci výzkumu PISA-L od 5182 žáků 9. ročníku a data získaná v rámci výzkumu CLoSE (Czech Longitudinal Study of Education) v roce 2016 od 4489 žáků 9. ročníků. Logistická regrese ukázala, že rodinné zázemí je významným prediktorem jak aspirací na maturitní studium, tak úspěšnosti při vstupu do maturitního studia i při zohlednění studijních výsledků žáků. To znamená, že žáci pocházející z rodin s nižším socioekonomickým statusem jsou znevýhodněni v přístupu k maturitnímu studiu, i když mají stejný prospěch a stejné vědomosti jako jejich vrstevníci pocházející z rodin s vyšším socioekonomickým statusem. Ukázala rovněž, že aspirace na studium nematuritního oboru nejsou podmíněny negativními vztahy ke škole ani pocity akademického zmaru.
O emoční hlubinné dimenzi pedagogických situací ve škole: Po stopách snah o zařazení psychologicky hlubinně orientovaného sebepoznávání do vzdělávání učitelů
Authors: Skiera Ehrenhard
Published: April 2020

Abstrakt: Ačkoli téměř každý pedagog a pedagožka ví, že vzdělávací prostor je plný hlubokých emocí, které utvářejí interakce, nepodařilo se doposud poskytnout odpovídající pozornost souvisejícím otázkám ve vzdělávání učitelů. Existují však přístupy, které se snaží integrovat hlubinně-psychologické aspekty do „běžného“ vzdělávání učitelů a učitelek pro předškolní, základní a střední vzdělávání. Zásadní význam zde mají koncepty, které přesahují teoretické informace, práci s příslušnými texty na přednáškách a seminářích a integrují v kurikulární a institucionální rovině problematiku sebeuvědomění a „reflexivního sebepoznávání“ do učitelského vzdělávání. Neboť jen díky živému spojení osobní zkušenosti a reflexe může být vědění z oblasti hlubinné psychologie využito kriticky-konstruktivně a může mít praktický dopad. Pokud jde o hledání vysokoškolského konceptu vzdělávání učitelů, bylo by velmi užitečné, kdyby se známý „spor škol“ mohl proměnit v kreativní dialog, který by zahrnoval nejen různé psychoanalytické směry, ale také různé přístupy z oblasti humanistické psychologie.

Klíčová slova: vzdělávání učitelů, hlubinná psychologie, psychoanalýza, analytická psychologie, individuální psychologie, humanistická psychologie.
Development of a Tool for Determining Moral Distress among Teachers in Basic Schools
Authors: Váchová Markéta
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Morality can be linked with education in the broadest sense in connection with the various topics associated with this phenomenon. This manuscript focuses on the decision-making processes in contemporary teachers’ work that are connected with morally dilemmatic situations. The text deals with the problematics of moral dilemmas in teachers’ work. It specifically focuses on the situation in Czech basic education. The second half of the 20th century was characterized by an eff ort to professionalize various occupations, among them also teaching. If we are to accept the rather problematic concept of the professionalization of teaching, it is necessary to (constantly) fulfil the attributes of the profession. These include professional autonomy. Its boundary is disputed and relativized. Social pressure on schools, manager-like styles of running schools, and the increasing influence of parents on schools pose risks of improper interventions into professional decision making in teachers’ work. In his work a teacher is often confronted with situations which require him to make a professional moral choice. These are conflict situations that require the teacher to make a fundamental decision and, depending on his professional and personal characteristics, they have significant consequences for his subsequent work. Within his professional field the teacher then has to give in to social pressure and to adopt his approach to something that he does not identify with, or he has to speak out against this pressure and confront the situation. In these situations in which the teacher has to act against his own convictions and gives in to pressure from his environment, the culture of his own institution, or his colleagues and parents, the long-term effect and constant presence of these dilemmas may lead to him suffering from professional moral distress. It is possible to assume that the emergence of professional moral distress is also dependent on the individual characteristics of each teacher. These include, for example, the length of his professional career in the institution and his experience or personal characteristics. As Mareš (2017a) states, so far only scholars from abroad have dealt with the theoretical identification and diagnostics of moral distress. This manuscript declares that the prevailing sources of professional dilemmas among teachers in basic schools come from the management, parents, colleagues, and increasing (unsolvable) demands from education policy. Keywords: teacher, moral distress, professional morally dilemmatic situations, questionnaire.
Přístupy k výuce pedagogiky v kontextu měnících se paradigmat v učitelském vzdělávání
Authors: Spilková Vladimíra
Published: April 2020

Abstrakt: Cílem teoretické studie je reflektovat proměny paradigmatu v oblasti pedeutologie jako fenoménu, který zásadním způsobem ovlivňuje celkové pojetí, smysl, cíle, obsah a způsoby výuky pedagogiky v přípravném vzdělávání učitelů. Úvodní část studie je věnována prezentaci dominantních pedeutologických paradigmat, přičemž podrobněji je analyzováno bipolární pojetí akademický versus kompetenční koncept vzdělávání učitelů. Předmětem zájmu je také zkoumání možností a mezí akademického pojetí, které je spojeno s procesem univerzitarizace učitelského vzdělávání. V tomto kontextu je uvedena diskuse ke kritice akademizace přípravy učitelů a „zvědečťování pedagogiky“ v pojetí W. Brezinky. Těžiště studie spočívá v refl exi klíčových charakteristik profesionalizačně orientovaného pojetí přípravy učitelů, které je v mezinárodním rozměru vůdčím pedeutologickým konceptem. V tomto koncepčním rámci jsou hledány odpovědi na otázky po smyslu, cílech, obsahu a způsobech výuky pedagogiky v učitelských studijních programech. V závěru jsou formulovány výzvy k sebereflexi oboru pedagogika, tj. k hledání její „nové“ identity a jiných cest k jejímu rozvoji.

Klíčová slova: přípravné vzdělávání učitelů, pedeutologické paradigma, profesionalizace učitelství, výuka pedagogiky, sebereflexe oboru.
Cesta k reformě školy: historicko-systematický pohled na příkladu meziválečné pedagogické diskuse
Authors: Kasper Tomáš
Published: April 2020

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A study on some taxa of family Mniaceae (Bryophyta) in Darjeeling (West Bengal), India
Authors: Omar Ichha , Sahu Vinay , Asthana Ashish Kumar
Published: April 2020

During study on the family Mniaceae in Darjeeling and its neighbouring areas, three genera and six species (Mnium lycopodioides, Orthomnion bryoides, Plagiomnium acutum, P. confertidens, P. rhynchophorum and P. succulentum) have been identified. Of these Plagiomnium acutum is reported here for the first time from eastern Himalaya. A detailed morpho-taxonomic account of these species with their current status and a key to all the taxa of family Mniaceae in Darjeeling is provided here.
Patients selected to participate in multimodal pain rehabilitation programmes in primary care−a multivariate cross-sectional study focusing on gender and sick leave
Authors: Stenberg Gunilla , Enthoven Paul , Molander Peter , Gerdle Björn , Stålnacke Britt-Marie
Published: April 2020

Background and aims

A multimodal rehabilitation programme (MMRP) is an evidence-based treatment of chronic pain conditions. The complexity involved in chronic pain needs to be identified and evaluated in order to adapt the rehabilitation to patients’ needs. The aim was to investigate the multivariate relationships between self-reported variables in patients with chronic pain before taking part in MMRP in primary care, with a special focus on gender and degree of sick leave.

Methods

Prior to MMRP, 397 patients (339 women and 58 men) filled in a questionnaire about pain, healthcare aspects, health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression, coping, physical function, and work-related variables e.g. sick leave. Data were analysed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square analysis.

Results

The PCA identified four components that explained 47% of the variation in the investigated data set. The first component showed the largest variation and was primarily explained by anxiety and depression, quality of life, acceptance (activity engagement), and pain-related disability. Gender differences were only seen in one component with the pain variables having the highest loadings. Degree of sick leave was not well explained by the variables in the questionnaire.

Conclusions

The questionnaire filled out by the patients prior to participation in MMRP in primary care identified much of the complexity of chronic pain conditions but there is room for improvement, e.g. regarding explanation of work-related factors. In the multivariate analysis, gender did not fall out as an important factor for how most patients answered the questions.

Implications

There are not many studies that describe patients who undergo MMRP in primary care since previously such patients were treated mostly in specialist care. More knowledge is needed about these patients in order to improve rehabilitation plans and interventions. The results suggest that the questionnaire identifies the complexity among chronic pain patients in primary care. The identified components could improve assessment before MMRP and contribute to better tailored programmes.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Editores Os
Published: April 2020

Edição Especial - Dossiê: Sustentabilidade em Recursos Hídricos.

A presente Edição Especial da Revista Augustus é fruto da parceria entre os programas de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Local, do Centro Universitário Augustus Motta, UNISUAM, e do Programa Sustentabilidade em Recursos Hídricos, da UninCor, e apresenta em seu conteúdo os artigos selecionados do I Seminário Nacional Sustentabilidade em Recursos Hídricos.
Exploring mindfulness and its psychosocial correlates in a population of low-income, female, tobacco smokers with young children
Authors: Davis Samantha , Collins Bradley , Lepore Stephen
Published: April 2020

Background: Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the US and smoking rates are high in low-income populations (28% vs. 17% of those living above the poverty line).1,2 Consequently, low-income groups have elevated tobacco-related disease risk exacerbating health disparities.3,4 Mindfulness has been associated with positive effects on psychosocial, physical and mental health outcomes, which has increased interest in using mindfulness as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation and relapse prevention.5,6 However, research on mindfulness in relation to such factors in underserved populations is lacking.

Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this research is to investigate the psychometric qualities and correlates of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS-R)7 in a sample of low-income, mostly minority women who smoke cigarettes. It is hypothesized that the CAMS-R will be reliable, and mindfulness will be associated with known barriers to cessation.

Methods: Secondary analysis of self-report data from 12-month follow-up in a large, randomized smoking cessation trial, Babies Living Safe and Smokefree,8 was used to explore mindfulness and its relationship to known cessation barriers and facilitators. Temple University IRB approval was received before data collection. CAMS-R items were summed to create a composite score.

Results: The sample of women (N=187) was mostly (72%) African American, average age was 30 years old, ~28% had less than a high school degree/GED and on average smoked ~9 cigarettes/day. The CAMS-R was reliable (α=.74). Zero-order correlations showed higher mindfulness was significantly correlated with greater social support (p < .01). Higher mindfulness was significantly correlated with lower depressive symptoms, social constraints, household chaos, sleep disturbances, childhood trauma, life stressors, and chronic mental, and physical health conditions (p's < .01 except physical health p < .05).

Conclusions/Relevance: The sample had higher CAMS-R scores compared to central tendency scores in broader populations. The high scores may indicate an amenable characteristic of mindfulness that could be trained for interventions. Yet, more research is needed on feasibility/acceptability in this population. Higher mindfulness is inversely related to many negative health and psychosocial factors which are known barriers to cessation, as well as positively related to social support, an important facilitator of cessation. The interplay between social support and mindfulness should be explored, as each is theorized as a “stress buffer.” research should investigate psychosocial factors as potential mediators in mindfulness interventions for smoking cessation targeting vulnerable female smokers.
EVALUASI STANDAR KUALITAS VAKSIN HYDROVAC UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT MOTILE AEOMONADS SEPTICEMIA (MAS) PADA IKAN LELE AFRIKA (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Sumiati Tuti , Taukhid Taukhid , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana
Published: April 2020

Vaksinasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kekebalan spesifik suatu individu terhadap suatu penyakit. HydroVac merupakan sediaan vaksin dari bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila AHL0905-2 yang diinaktivasi dengan penambahan formalin 0,3% (formalin killed) merupakan produk yang diharapkan menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk pencegahan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi standar kualitas vaksin, serta efikasinya pada ikan. Sebanyak 20 botol vaksin disimpan dalam refrigerator selama18 bulan, kemudian setiap periode pengujian tertentu diambil satu botol untuk dilakukan pengujian terhadap viabilitas, sterilitas, keamanan, dan efikasinya terhadap ikan lele. Vaksin yang disimpan pada suhu dingin (2°C-8°C) selama 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, dan 15 bulan masih stabil, tidak ada kontaminasi mikroorganisme dan tidak terjadi pertumbuhan kembali bakteri setelah dilakukan uji in vitro. Selama penyimpanan tersebut, vaksin masih efektif diaplikasikan dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan di atas 60% untuk setiap perlakuan dibandingkan kontrol 31% setelah diuji tantang.Vaccination is given to individual fish as one of the effort to enhance its specific immunity against a disease. HydroVac is an inactive bacterial vaccine of Aeromonas hydrophila which has been deactivated by the addition of 0.3% formalin. This vaccine is expected to be one of the alternatives to prevent the occurrence of the disease in freshwater fish. This study aimed to evaluate the standard quality of the vaccine and its efficacy to fish after storage. A total of 20 bottles of the vaccines were stored in a refrigerator set between 2°C-8°C. Vaccine samples from each bottle were then tested for viability, sterility, safety, and efficacy in catfish at predetermined storage times (0, 1, 2, 3, 6,9, 12, and 15 months). The result shows that all vaccine samples were in stable condition with no microbial contamination and no bacterial regrowth after tests using in vitro assays. All stored vaccines using different storage periods were still effective when applied to treated fish showed by a higher survival rate of 60% for each treatment compared to 31% control after the challenge test.
Using Autobiography a Pedagogical tool in Pharmacology: Traversing the Un-explored
Authors: Joshi Anuradha , Pathak Haryax , Badyal Dinesh
Published: April 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In today's era, medical teaching is becoming increasingly complex and challenging. Out of all subjects in the medical curriculum, Pharmacology is one of the major disciplines undergoing constant development and advancement. A strong foundation of pharmacological knowledge is needed to help students improve upon their understanding and thereby manage clinical conditions in a more effective manner. Unfortunately, Pharmacology is perceived as a dry and volatile subject by medical students. This calls for a need to explore various pedagogical tools at medical schools, so as to best identify methods effective for active learning. Efforts need to be directed towards the objective of making Pharmacology teaching interesting and learner-centered by formulating creative and innovative teaching-learning modules in and outside the classrooms. Learner-centered teaching can foster students' interest in the subject and contribute to knowledge acquisition as well as future application. In context to this, the current piece explores and addresses the application of "Autobiography of drugs" as one of the pedagogical tools in the subject of Pharmacology.
How our Words will Echo through the Ages…
Authors: Soboleva Larisa
Published: April 2020

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Cathedral Rank, a Handwritten Document of the Komi-Zyrians: Instruction and Foundations of Faith
Authors: Limerov Pavel
Published: April 2020

The literary tradition of the Komi-Zyrians dates back to the first translations of liturgical books into the Komi language by Stefan Permsky. These translation practices remained uninterrupted, becoming the basis for the literary language in the nineteenth century. In the late nineteenth century, an independent handwritten tradition developed in the Upper Vychegda region associated with the activity of Stefan Ermolin, the religious leader of the Singers of Good movement. The movement branched off from the official Orthodox Church and created its own literature in the Verkhnevychegod dialect of the Komi language. This article describes a work of literature created by the Singers, a liturgical text outlining the basics of their faith; it concerns everything a follower of bursylysyas (Singers of Good) needs to know about salvation and, most importantly, the path which leads them to God. The manuscript is called Cathedral Rank (Komi-Zyrian Сӧбирайтчан рад) and is introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time.
New People in Russian History (Ivan Turgenev’s Virgin Soil)
Authors: Zhukova Olga
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses a controversial statement of some Russian critics about the “failure” of Turgenev’s Virgin Soil and its interpretation in Russian intellectual and political history. These views are revised with reference to Turgenev’s philosophical ideas on the Russian Enlightenment project, Russia’s historical development, its national culture and spiritual ideals. The author considers the national tradition of reading Virgin Soil and determines the intellectual context which impeded the understanding of Turgenev’s historical position, concluding that the views on the novel were mostly ideological. The article examines the problem of “new people” in Virgin Soil. According to the author’s opinion, Turgenev, inspired by the philosophical ideas of the Russian Enlightenment, created an original concept of the historical dynamics of Russia. He shows both the social utopianism and real political alternatives in Russian history. The writer gives a critical assessment of the moral philosophy of the “new people”, whose emergence is welcomed by the revolutionary democrat Chernyshevsky. Turgenev reveals the inner contradictions in Russian society and predicts a revolutionary catastrophe in Russia.