bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image Enhancement and Feature Extraction of Cytomegalovirus Image using Hierarchical Ranking Convolutional Neural Network (HR-CNN)
Authors:   Research Scholar, Rathinavel Subramaniam College of Arts and Science, Sulur, Coimbatore, India., Deepa* K. , Suganya S. ,   PhD, Associate Professor, Rathinavel Subramaniam College of Arts and Science, Sulur, Coimbatore, India.
Published: October 2019

Human Cytomegalovirus is becoming a common issue around the globe , mainly it deals with the infection of the fetus in the womb. Digital image processing plays a vital role in various fields especially in the field of medicine to have a better quality of image of viruses in various forms. To have better clarity of images even in microscopic images there might be some flaws in detection of viruses because of the intensities which occur due to atmospheric lights, to overcome the flaws in microscopic images there comes a technique image enhancement to overcome noise in images especially distortion free images to be produced based on some image quality assessment and to reduce noise in an image without any loss of information. In this paper the proposed methodology called Hierarchical Ranking Convolution Neural Network is introduced based on Upward/Downward hierarchy and Forward/Backward Hierarchy to extract features and to provide intensified image of the virus. Image quality assessment is done with the parameters and evaluated using Mean Square Error, Peak signal to Noise Ratio, Root Mean Square Error, Structure Similarity Index, Mean Structure Similarity Index to prove the accuracy.
Effect of CFRP Strengthening on Web of Steel I-Beam
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University Lonere (Raigad), Maharashtra., Jagtap* P.R. , Pore S.M. ,   Civil Engineering Department, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University Lonere (Raigad), Maharashtra.
Published: October 2019

This study is aimed to strengthen the structural steel I beam with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) composites to its web to increase its shear strength capacity. Lightweight Beam LB-100 @ 5.1 Kg/m and LB-115@ 8.1 Kg/m is used for this purpose. CFRP have light weight and high-strength as compare to other types of FRPs, so it can be used for strengthening purpose instead of using conventional methods of repair such as replacement and other. The web portion of the I-beam is made rust free to achieve proper bonding between the web and fiber sheet. A web of the beam is strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips in layers with the help of adhesive. The beam with CFRP is cured in air for 48 h before testing. Experimentation is done at the UTM of 100 Ton capacity. A three point bending tests were performed on various beams and results show that the load carrying capacity of a strengthened beam is increased by 20 to 35% as compared with control beam (non-strengthened) and the local failure of beam is also avoided. It is observed that the deflection of strengthened beam is also reduced as compared to a non-strengthened beam. So, this technique of strengthening can be used to improve the performances of various old structures in civil engineering which undergoes loss of strength due to corrosion.
Knowledge Management Process and Innovation in Indian Nationalised Bank
Authors:   Department of Commerce, DSMNR University, Lucknow, India., Singh* Sanjeev Kumar , Singh Dr. Kaushiki ,   Department of Commerce, DSMNR University, Lucknow, India.
Published: October 2019

In present days, knowledge management has become the important concept and necessary to employ for the success of firm. This research paper depicts the framework to understand the knowledge management process that impact the innovation in a bank. In current scenario, future of any firm will be based on employment of knowledge management at right time leading to innovation. The impetus of the study is to recognize the influence of knowledge management process on innovation in Indian nationalised banks. The component of knowledge management process acknowledged as knowledge acquisition, knowledge transfer, knowledge integration and knowledge application were tested using structural equation model. 209 response were gathered from the respondent working in Indian nationalised bank in Lucknow through data gathering instrument. The finding reveals that all component of knowledge management process significantly impacts the innovation except knowledge acquisition. Knowledge transfer is significant predictor among the component of knowledge management process.
A Sociological Analysis of the Utilization of Social Media in Women Migrant Workers in Developing Social Entrepreneurship
Authors:   Doctoral Program of Department of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia., Wahyono* Eko , Kolopaking Lala M ,   Department of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia., Sumarti MS Titik ,   Department of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia., Hubeis Aida Vitalaya S. ,   Department of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to sociologically analyze the use of social media in female migrant workers in the development of social entrepreneurship. The study used a qualitative approach with a mixed method. Data was taken using in-depth interviews, observations, FGDs, and full survey enumerators. This study shows that the more frequent the intensity of migrating abroad, the higher the income (economic remittances) and social remittances (knowledge and experience) will be. Van Dijk (2006) stated that digital social media is able to penetrate the social structures that exist in society. The results of this study reveal the same phenomenon as Van Dijk's theory, female migrant workers who were previously considered a marginal group was able to create social networks through social media for the development of social entrepreneurship. The results of this study revealed a different phenomenon from the theory from Massey (1990) which stated that international migration will take place continuously (cumulative causation). This was because there have been developments of social entrepreneurship supported by social media, providing alternative jobs in the workers' hometowns.
Navigating the Mechanics of Secondary Imagination in the Select Works of Eugene Ionesco and Harold Pinter
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of English, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India, Raja* A. Gopika , B Indu. ,   Assistant Professor (Senior Grade), Department of English, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India.
Published: October 2019

The phrase “Science and Imagination”, in the most modern usage, has beckoned the interest of many critics across the globe to dwell on the many possible connections between the two conflicting concepts evoking myriad responses from social commentators. There are those who would dismiss the role of reason in imagination as the infringement of ethics in creative writing. Aesthetic imagination in creative writing perhaps demands going one step beyond the contours of reason to achieve what is artistically termed as the miraculous representation of reality. The juxtaposition of Science and Imagination is well explained in the words of Coleridge in Biographia Literaria as “To make the external internal, the internal external, to make nature thought, and thought nature_this is the mystery of genius in the Fine Arts”[223]. The confluence of science and imagination breaks down the seemingly opaque barrier between the heart and the head leaving the path open for the meeting and merging of intellect and emotion. The present paper works upon the ways by which the writers or artists of absurd literature, especially of drama, have used secondary imagination to recreate the experiences of their conscious will. The proposed paper titled “Navigating the Mechanics of Secondary Imagination in the Select Works of Eugene Ionesco and Harold Pinter” tries to explore the nuances of secondary imagination in Amedee or How to Get Rid of It and Rhinoceros by Eugene Ionesco and The Birthday Party and The Caretaker by Harold Pinter. The paper further intends to focus on how authors of absurd literature, like Ionesco and Pinter, reflect the futility and absurdity of human existence by making use of Secondary Imagination in their works.
Mentality as A Factor of Innovation and Anti-Corruption Behavior in The Social Management System
Authors:   Russian State Social University (RSSU), Moscow, Russian Federation., Lobazova* O.F. , Sarkisian G.A. ,   Russian State Social University (RSSU), Moscow, Russian Federation.
Published: October 2019

In the article, the authors consider global grounds for social management and corporate ethics. Special attention is paid to the prevention of negative social phenomena in corporate management with a focus on the peculiarities of national mentality.
Innovative Activities in a Region in the Conditions of the Development of the Digital Environment
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia., Babskova* Olga , Nadezhina Olga ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Zaborovskaya Olga ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: October 2019

In the conditions of the development of the digital environment, innovative activities become a priority area of economic development that draws not only substantial material and financial resources but also human capital. The existing models designed to assess innovative activities in a region do not give an assessment of conditions for innovative activities. The study aims to develop methods for the assessment of conditions for innovative activities in a region based on a complex consideration of knowledge management factors that allow determining priority areas of regional policy in the digital environment. With regard to the study problems, the authors used a set of basic general scientific methods: comparison, analysis, synthesis, systemization, formalization, statistical estimation, economic mathematical modeling, methods of verifying the reproducibility of the models used on calculation examples. The model presented in the article allows the authors to evaluate the very conditions of innovative activities from the position of knowledge management factors in the conditions of the digital environment. The model’s practical application makes it possible to define priority areas for the development of the innovative sector. This, in turn, promotes the formation of the digital environment. The study results have been tested on the example of Russian constituent entities.
Development of Ideas of Management in Philosophical Thought
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia., Kuzmenko* G.N.
Published: October 2019

Management as a phenomenon of social practice received serious theoretical justification. The importance of management is reflected by the attention of philosophers to its nature, functions, and technology. The article provides analysis of key provisions of management philosophy in historical retrospective.
Density Based Feature Selection Method for Medical Datasets
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, Avinashilingam Institure for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India., M* Manonmani , Balakrishnan Dr. Sarojini ,   Assistant Professor (SS), Department of Computer Science, Avinashilingam Institure for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India.
Published: October 2019

High dimensional data are found in the medical domain that needs to be processed for improved data analysis. In order to deal with the curse of dimensionality, feature selection process is employed in almost all data mining applications. In this research work, Density based Feature Selection (DFS) method that ranks the features by finding the Probability Density Function (PDF) of each feature is applied to medical datasets that suffer from the curse of dimensionality. The DFS method is a filter based approach that selects the most discriminatory features from the given feature set. The feature selection method evaluates the importance of the feature with regard to the target class using density function. The DFS method has major advantages over other methods, since it is based on the ranking method to select the most discriminatory features from the whole feature set. This research work finds the best feature subset that can be used in prediction and classification of medical datasets imbibed with high dimensionality. The DFS method based on PDF is applied on the three medical datasets namely Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) dataset, Breast Cancer Wisconsin Dataset and Parkinsons Dataset. The proposed feature selection method evaluates the merit of each feature, assign weights to the feature and rank the features based on their feature density. The reduced feature subset is then validated by the application three classification algorithms namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting, and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The performance of the classification algorithms are evaluated based on the performance metrics Accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity. Experimental results indicate that the performance of the classification algorithms SVM, Gradient Boosting, and CNN is improved after the feature selection process.
Fraud Detection of Credit Card using Data Mining Techniques
Authors:   Professor, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering college, Mullana, Ambala (Haryana) Constituent institution of Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana is NAAC accredited 'A' grade deemed university, Sharma Dr. Avinash , Verma Aaditi ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi NCR, India., Gupta* Dhananjay ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi NCR, India.
Published: October 2019

The handling of credit card for online and systematic purchase is booming and scam associated with it. An industry of fraud detection where cumulative rise can have huge perk for banks and client. Numerous stylish techniques like data mining, genetic programming, neural network etc. are used in identify fraudulent transaction. In online transaction, Data mining acquire indispensable aspect in discovery of credit card counterfeit. This paper uses gradient boosted trees, neural network, clustering technique and genetic algorithm and hidden markov model for achieving upshot of the fraudulent transaction. These all model are emerging in identifying various credit card fraudulent detection. The indispensable aims to expose the fraudulent transaction and to corroborate test data for further use. This paper presents the look over techniques and pinpoint the top fraud cases.
Iris Recognition at-a-Distance by Means of Chronological MBO-Based DBN
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, CSE Dept. Bharath Institute of High Education and research, Bharath University, Chennai, India, Shirke* Ms. Swati D. , Rajabhushnam Dr. C. ,   Professor, Dept., Bharath Institute of High Education and research., Bharath University, Chennai, India
Published: October 2019

Now a days, Iris recognition is wieldy used for the identification of person. The superior bit of 1 countries exploits biometric system for safety reason with the conclusion goal that in runway boarding, custom freedom, gathering passage, etc. The Iris detection at-a-Distance (IAAD) framework is generally used to identify the person in most of the applications. In this system, different features of iris image are extracted in addition enhances the superiority of iris image. Over the span of the most recent ages there consume raised various structures to design and finish iris affirmation systems which works at longer separation going from one meter to sixty meter. Because of such long scope of iris detection schemes in addition iris attainment scheme provides for the best applications to the client. Therefore, It is necessary to design an effective algorithm for IAAD is necessary. In this article, an actual method for iris recognition is presents. A Chronological Monarch Butterfly Optimization -based Deep Belief Network (Chronological MBO-based DBN) technique is anticipated for iris detection.This technique algorithm is the combination of Chronological theory with the Monarch Butterfly Optimization. It is utilized to mastermind the sequential presumption of an iris picture. Additionally, the Hough Transform calculation is utilized for discovery of iris circle and edge. To enhance the accuracy of anticipated iris recognition system ScatT-Loop descriptor and the Local Gradient Pattern (LGP) are fed to the Chronological MBO-based DBN algorithm and these are castoff to abstract the dissimilar features of an iris picture. The dataset used for these tactices are UBIRIS.v1 For the normalization and segmentation of an iris image is done by by means of Dougman's rubber sheet model. This system is established on MATLAB for executing the Hough transform procedures also for reading the iris images. The simulation results shows that this system successfully recognize the iris at a distance 4 to 8 meter. Different performance parameters like as FAR accuracy, too FRR shows better results in this anticipated work.
E-Banking Strategy and Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Nduta Rosemary Wangari , Wanjira Jane
Published: October 2019

Technological innovations in the aspect of electronic banking (e-banking) have progressively advanced and changed the manner in which banks offer services. The use of varied forms of technological innovations has become a key strategy that influences the competitiveness and performance of commercial banks. Subsequently, banks are investing more in adopting and implementing innovative e-banking strategies. Although numerous studies have inspected the effect of e-banking on banks across the world, the knowledge gap is that few studies have examined the impact of e-banking strategies on commercial banks’ performance in Kenya. The objectives of this study were to predict the impact of agency banking, mobile banking, the use of ATMs, and internet banking on the commercial banks’ financial performance in Kenya. Agency theory, contingency theory, diffusion of innovations theory, and technology acceptance theory formed the theoretical basis of this study. In its research design, the study used the descriptive approach. The target population comprised managers of 40 commercial banks and the study utilized the purposive sampling method to select 100 respondents comprising of 40 senior managers and 60 operations managers. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used to analyze data. Correlation analysis indicated that mobile banking (r = 806, p = 0.000), agency banking (r = 0.737, p = 0.000), internet banking (r = 0.466, p = 0.000), and ATM banking (r = 0.547, p = 0.000) have statistically significant relationships with the commercial banks’ performance. Findings indicate that e-banking accounts for 71% (R2 = 0.710) of the variation in the commercial banks’ performance. Moreover, the study found out that e-banking strategies of agency banking and mobile banking are statistically significant predictors (p<0.01, while internet banking and ATM banking are statistically insignificant predictors (p>0.01). Based on these findings, the study concludes that rely on e-banking strategies in enhancing their performance, particularly mobile banking and agency banking. Furthermore, the study concludes that ATM banking and internet banking contribute minimally to the commercial banks’ performance in Kenya. Thus, the study recommends banks to optimize mobile banking and agency banking because they are statistically significant predictors while increasing awareness of internet banking and addressing insecurity issues of ATM banking. Thus, further research should consider establishing factors that account for the unexplained variances of 29% in the performance of commercial banks.
Aplikasi Soal Try Out Ujian Nasional Smk Negeri 1 Semende Darat Laut Menggunakan Metode Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Authors: Wijaya Khana , Hesinto Seberi
Published: October 2019

SMK Negeri 1 Semende Darat Laut merupakan salah satu Sekolah Negeri yang berada dikabupaten Muara Enim yang telah memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi, namun dalam pelaksanaan try out masih menggunakan media kertas sebagai tes pada umumnya. Dengan begitu sekolah harus mengeluarkan biaya untuk mencetak lembar soal try out bagi siswa yang akan melaksanakan try out. Dan para siswa harus menunggu beberapa hari untuk mengetahui hasilnya karena sistem pengoreksian yang masih manual dan siswa menunggu lama supaya dapat mengetahui jawaban hasil try out untuk dapat di review kembali oleh siswa. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu sistem yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu sekolah melaksanakan try out, untuk itu penulis mencoba membuat sebuah aplikasi soal try out yang berbasis komputer, dengan menggunakan pengembangan metode Rapid Application Developdment (RAD). Aplikasiini dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Personal Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) sebagai bahasa pemrograman dan desain editor Macromedia Dreamweaver, serta MySQL sebagai database-nya sehingga dapat membantu penginputan data secara cepat, tepat dan efesien.
Perancangan Aplikasi Dashboard Sri (System Of Rice Intensification) Untuk Hasil Pertanian Padi Di Kecamatan Sumber Harta Berbasis Web
Authors: Elmayati Elmayati , Kurniasari Ririn
Published: October 2019

Kecamatan Sumber Harta Kabupaten Musi Rawas dalam memberikan informasi hasil pertanian padi kepada masyarakat umumnya dan kelompok tani khususnya masih cara konvensional yaitu dengan menulis di kertas. Hasil panen padi tidak sebanding dengan jumlah kelompok tani, ini disebabkan kurangnya informasi bagi kelompok tani padi tentang hasil panen padi. Berkurangnya hasil pertanian padi ini juga disebabkan kelompok tani padi juga mengalih fungsikan lahan persawahan yang seharusnya ditanami padi menjadi lahan perkebunan sawit, karet, palawija dan sayur-sayuran. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah ini, peneliti mencoba memanfaatkan perkembangan aplikasi agar dapat memberikan informasi yang mudah dimengerti dan mudah diakses. Hasil penelitian ini berupa aplikasi dasboard SRI (System of Rice Intenfication ) yang terdiri dari halaman login, halaman desa, halaman kelompok tani, halaman jenis padi, halaman luas lahan, dan dasboard hasil panen padi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Perancangan Aplikasi Dashboard SRI (System of Rice Intenfication) Pertanian Padi di Kecamatan Sumber Harta Berbasis Web dapat menghasilkan informasi dan menyajikan laporan data hasil pertanian padi.
Pengajuan Kredit Online (Studi Kasus Spektra Cabang Kota Pagaralam)
Authors: Lesva Okta
Published: October 2019

Spektra merupakan bagian dari PT. Federal International Finance (FIF) group. Spektra adalah jasa layanan pembiayaan multi produk, mulai dari elektronik, perabot rumah tangga, peralatan komputer, furniture, sepeda sampai dengan traktor tangan. Spektra melayani kebutuhan pembiayaan bagi individual maupun korporat. Khusus wirausahawan atau korporat, Spektra menyediakan penawaran bunga korporat yang bersaing. Selain itu, pengambilan korporat bisa untuk kebutuhan karyawan secara kolektif disamping pengambilan untuk kebutuhan armada perusahaan. Tetapi kendalanya masih banyak masyarakat yang belum mengetahui keberadaan Spektra sebagai perusahaan multi finance untuk pembiayaan multi produk, selama ini masyarakat hanya mengetahui FIF sebagai perusahaan pembiayaan individual maupun korporat (pembiayaan pinjaman uang tunai dengan jaminan BPKB motor Honda). Berdasarkan pada kendala tersebut maka peneliti melihat peluang yang lebih besar dalam mempromosikan serta memberikan pelayanan yang lebih baik kepada masyarakat yang memerlukan informasi seputar pembiayaan multi produk dan pembiayaan individual maupun korporat melalui website yang akan dibangun.
Implementasi Model Addie Pada Education Game Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris (Studi Kasus Pada SMP Negeri 8 Pagaralam )
Authors: Aminah Siti
Published: October 2019

Tujuan dari pemelitian ini adalah menerapkan model ADDIE pada multimedia pembelajaran yang berbentuk game. Berlatar belakang dari usaha untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan keunggulan kompetitif dari semua sektor, menuntut manusia untuk mempunyai kemampuan yang berkualitas, baik dari sumber daya manusia (SDM), ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi agar manusia mampu bertahan dalam perkembangan zaman yang semakin canggih. Salah satu sarana yang harus dikuasai dalam menghadapi era globalisasi tersebut adalah kemampuan berkomunikasi dengan Bahasa Inggris, sehingga Bahasa Inggris sangat ditekankan penguasaannya di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan merancang serta membangun education game multimedia pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris pada SMP Negeri 8 Pagaralam. Dalam penelitian ini, model yang diimplementasikan adalah ADDIE, dengan melalui lima tahapan, yaitu analisis, desain, penembangan, implementasi dan evaluasi. Pada SMPN 8 Pagar Alam, penelitian ini juga digunakan untuk mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi perangkat lunak multimedia pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Aplikasi Education game diharapkan dapat membantu guru memberikan materi kepada siswa dengan cara belajar sambil bermain untuk meningkatkan belajar siswa dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Aplikasi ini dibangun dengan konsep multimedia yang ini sangat efektif dan dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu yang berisi materi dan soal latihan Bahasa Inggris untuk siswa didalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris.
Colaboradores
Authors: Geraldello Camilla Silva
Published: October 2019

Arthur Pinheiro de Azevedo Banzatto Bernardo Salgado Rodrigues Bruno Gonçalves Rosi Diogo Holanda Camelo Diogo IvesFelipe Panta PadilhaFrancisco Américo CassanoGabriel Rached Mateus Marchiori PereiraMatheus Dias do PradoPedro Brocco Pedro Emanuel Mendes Philippe Carvalho RaposoRafael SalatiniVinícius Fino Machado
Política Externa Brasileira nos Governos FHC, Lula e Dilma: efeitos na balança comercial e no produto interno bruto brasileiro
Authors: Cassano Francisco Américo , Camelo Diogo Holanda , Padilha Felipe Panta , Pereira Mateus Marchiori , Do Prado Matheus Dias , Machado Vinícius Fino
Published: October 2019

Este artigo trata da análise dos períodos governamentais de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff em relação à política externa brasileira adotada e os efeitos causados nos resultados da balança comercial e do produto interno bruto. A pesquisa que lhe deu suporte foi exploratória e a coleta de dados foi proveniente do Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o método qualitativo, tendo os resultados revelado que: desde a adoção da estratégia neoliberal houve pouca mudança na política macroeconômica; ações e atividades da política externa brasileira não interferem de forma significativa nos resultados da balança comercial e do produto interno bruto; resultados da balança comercial e do produto interno bruto dependem de outros fatores como economia interna, cotação do dólar e situação da economia externa. 
Palavras-chave: Política externa brasileira; Produto Interno Bruto; Balança Comercial.
 
 
Abstract: This article deals about of analyze the governments periods of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff in relation with the adopted Brazilian foreign policy and the effects on trade balance and gross domestic product  . The research that gives support was exploratory and the collect dates of dependents variable, trade balance and Gross domestic product was from Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior and Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE. For the handling of the dates was use the qualitative technique describing the studied phenomenon, having the results of: Since the adoption of neoliberal strategy had little change on macroeconomic policy; Actions and activities of Brazilian foreign policy does not intervene significantly on trade balance and gross domestic product results; Trade balance and gross domestic product results depends of others factors as domestic economy, dollar hate and foreign economy situation.
Key words: Foreign policy; Gross Domestic Product; Trade Balance.
 
 
Recebido em: maio/2016Aprovado em: setembro/2016
Colaboradores
Authors: Geraldello Camilla Silva
Published: October 2019

Alexandre César Cunha Leite Camila Mortari Piaceteli Carlos Federico Domínguez Avila Carolina Lückemeyer Gregorio Cecília Maieron Pereira  Danielle Jacon Ayres Pinto David Morales David Succi Junior Diego Pautasso  Eduardo Barros Mariutti Luiz Felipe Brandão Osório  Mércia Cristina Gomes de Araújo
Missões militares, técnica e política: o emprego das forças armadas em segurança pública
Authors: Succi Junior David Paulo
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o modo em que a bibliografia especializada busca explicar o constante emprego das Forças Armadas – instrumento de política externa – em missões de segurança pública na América do Sul. São identificados três níveis de explicação: internacional, regional e nacional. Defende-se que as análises podem ser agrupadas em duas lógicas explicativas – positivismo e o pós-positivismo –, as quais distinguem-se não apenas em termos teóricos, mas também, sob a ótica da teoria crítica, em relação às suas consequências políticas. Considera-se que a compreensão positivista do fenômeno em questão leva a uma subordinação da política à técnica, enquanto as análises pós-positivistas evidenciam o caráter político da escolha de envolver o instrumento militar em segurança pública.

Palavras-chave: Forças Armadas; Segurança Pública; América do Sul.

 

 

Abstract: The current paper aims to evaluate the way in which specialized scholars seek to clarify the constant employment of South Americans Armed Forces – foreign policy instrument – in public security. Three explanatory levels are identified: international, regional and domestic. It is argued that analyses can be classified in two logics of explanation – positivism and post positivism – that are distinguished by both its theoretical specificity and its politics implications. We sustain that rationalist explanation submits politics to technique, while post positivism analyses emphasize the political nature of the decision to involve the military in public security.

Key-Word: Armed Forces; Public Security; South America.

 

 

Recebido em: fevereiro/2017.

Aprovado em: agosto/2017.
A Institucionalização da Política Internacional Nuclear: entre a Não Proliferação de Armas e a Prevenção contra Acidentes
Authors: Bandarra Leonardo Carvalho Leite Azeredo , Martuscelli Patrícia Nabuco
Published: October 2019

No campo da segurança nuclear (nuclear security), a não proliferação de armas atômicas é tema patente desde o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, em especial durante o período da Guerra Fria. De fato, conformou-se, neste momento, um conjunto amplo de regras, normas e organizações direcionadas para conter o avanço das armas nucleares. Essas instituições tornaram-se mecanismos fundamentais no que concerne à condução das relações internacionais contemporâneas. Tendo esse cenário em perspectiva, o presente artigo busca analisar os rumos do regime internacional de não proliferação nuclear desde a década de 1960, destacando as diferenças entre três períodos (décadas de 1950-1960; décadas de 1970-1980; décadas de 1990-2000). Dentre as principais modificações, destaca-se uma mudança de ênfase nas relações internacionais, em direção a aspectos de seguridade nuclear (nuclear safety) principalmente após o acidente de Chernobyl (1986).
Palavras-Chave: regimes internacionais; segurança internacional; não proliferação de armas nucleares, Guerra Fria, segurança nuclear.
 
 
Abstract: In the field of nuclear security, the non-proliferation of atomic weapons is a core issue since the end of the Second World War and especially during the Cold War. In fact, during this period, it has been designed a wide set of rules, norms, and organizations, which were directed to counter the advance of nuclear weapons. These institutions became fundamental mechanisms to the conduction of contemporary international relations. Considering this scenario, this article aims to analyze the directions of the international regime for nuclear non-proliferation since the 1960’s, highlighting the differences within three periods (1950’s-1960’s; 1970’s-1980’s; 1990’s-2000’s). Among the main modification, we highlight a change in emphasis towards issues related to nuclear safety, especially after the Chernobyl accident (1986).
Key-Words: International Regimes; International Security; Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons; Cold War; Nuclear Safety.
 
 
Recebido em: abril/2017
Aprovado em: dezembro/2017
A Política de Comércio Internacional Agrícola de Brasil e Estados Unidos no Contencioso do Algodão na OMC (2002-2005)
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Fernandes de , Geraldello Camilla Silva
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o modus operandi dos instrumentos e mecanismos institucionais no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos de formulação da política de comércio internacional agrícola centrada em três variáveis: a) mobilização de interesses, b) funcionamento de instituições e c) divulgação de informações. Como exemplo, utilizaremos o contencioso do algodão na Organização Mundial do Comércio contra os Estados Unidos, desencadeado por uma coalizão de países em desenvolvimento e Países de Menor Desenvolvimento Relativo sob liderança do Brasil entre 2002 e 2005.
Palavras-chave: Brasil e Estados Unidos; Política de Comércio Internacional; OMC; Agricultura; Contencioso do algodão.
 
 
Abstract: This article´s objective is undertand of the modus operandi of the institutional mecanisms and instruments in Brazil and the United States in the formulation of international agricultural trade policy, focused on three variables: a) interest´s mobilization b) institutional management and c) information press. As an example, will be used the cotton dispute on the WTO against the United States, which took place by a strike of the developed countries and the least developed countries under Brazil´s lidership between 2002 and 2005.
Key words: Brazil and United States; International Trade Policy; WTO; Agriculture; Cotton Dispute.
 
 
Recebido em: dezembro/2017
Aprovado em: maio/2018.
Multinationals And The Bargaining Dynamic Among Least Developed Countries
Authors: Fernandez Mauricio Lascurain , Valdés Luiz Fernando Villafuerte
Published: October 2019

Most of the twentieth century, relations among multinational companies and the governments of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) were seen as conflictive, mainly in the extractive sector, as the former were considered as highly exploitative. However, this vision has evolved by two essential factors: a) the acceleration of the process of economic globalization in the last 30 years and b) certain advantages LCDs have promoted to foster economic growth at the moment Multinationals Companies (MNCs) are installed in their territories. The major concern of national governments in the LDCs is that some MNCs have greater influence and negotiation power than governments themselves because of the infrastructure deficiencies and competitive advantages, placing them in an unfavorable position at the time to negotiate with MNCs. This paper tries to identify the bargaining dynamic among multinationals and LDC governments, and the effects on the latter ones.
Key words: Foreign Direct Investment, Bargaining strategies, Economic globalization, least development countries, Theoretical approaches.
Number of classification: JEL: F23, F51, F02, O10, B49
 
 
Recebido em: abril/2017.
Aprobado em: maio/2017.
Colaboradores
Authors: Geraldello Camilla Silva
Published: October 2019

Agnaldo dos Santos
Eduardo Barros Mariutti
Fernando Barcellos
Francisco Luiz Corsi
Guilherme Ziebel de Oliveira
José Marangoni Camargo
Leandro C. D. Conde
Letícia Maria Antunes do Carmo
Lucy Iyabo Jegede
Mike Omilusi
Nilton César Fernandes Cardoso
Patrícia Nasser de Carvalho
Os contornos da estratégia imperial da política externa dos Estados Unidos no pós-Guerra Fria: uma leitura crítica
Authors: Dias Conde Leandro Carlos
Published: October 2019

O artigo apresenta a política externa dos Estados Unidos como continuidade do período da Guerra Fria. Objetiva-se analisar a política externa dos Estados Unidos no pós-Guerra Fria como continuidade, tendo ela se tornado mais violenta em um contínuo crescente do poder dos EUA na ordem global desde o fim da Guerra Fria. Para tanto, assumimos uma postura crítica buscando analisar os fatos históricos mobilizados em relação ao papel dos EUA nesse período. Portanto, pretende-se analisar os novos contornos do sistema internacional no pós-Guerra Fria em relação ao papel de superpotência dos Estados Unidos. Discutindo o papel dos EUA nesse período, assim como o seu papel na economia política internacional do pós-Guerra Fria, como instrumento de política externa, no sentido de manter e estender o seu poderio.
 
Abstract: This paper presents US foreign policy as a continuation of the Cold War period. It aims to analyze US foreign policy in the post-Cold War era as a continuation, having become more violent in a steadily growing US power in the global order since the end of the Cold War. To do so, we took a critical stance to analyze the historical facts mobilized in relation to the role of the United States in this period. Therefore, we intend to analyze the new contours of the international system in the post-Cold War period in relation to the role of the United States as a superpower. Discussing the role of the United States in this period, as well as its role in the post-Cold War international political economy, as an instrument of foreign policy, to maintain and extend its power.
Keywords: Foreign Policy; United States; Cold War; Post Cold War.
 
 
Recebido em: agosto/2017
Aprovado em: maio/2018
Políticas de empoderamento das mulheres como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento: a experiência do Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia e a possibilidade de uma alternativa a partir do Bem Viver
Authors: Antunes do Carmo Letícia Maria
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho analisou as normas, planos e políticas voltadas para as mulheres desenvolvidas no âmbito do Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia e de seu projeto político, baseado nas ideias do Bem Viver, a fim de verificar em que medida estas podem ser consideradas uma alternativa para os problemas identificados nas políticas para o empoderamento das mulheres planejadas e implementadas como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento, em sua acepção convencional e ocidental. Para tanto, apresentou-se uma discussão teórica acerca da inclusão das questões de gênero e empoderamento das mulheres nos debates do desenvolvimento, seguida de uma análise das políticas implementadas pelo governo boliviano em três áreas – educação, emprego e participação política – que correspondem a indicadores comumente utilizados para monitorar o progresso na igualdade de gênero e empoderamento, buscando identificar as limitações e potencialidades destas políticas. Como resultado, foi possível observar que os planos de ação e normas voltados para as mulheres, desenvolvidos no âmbito do Bem Viver, parecem conseguir incluir os conceitos de igualdade de gênero e empoderamento sem esvaziá-los de seus significados. Apesar disso, a implementação destes planos e normas ocorre, na maior parte das vezes, apenas de forma parcial, comprometendo o potencial transformativo das políticas executadas.
 
Abstract: This paper analyzes the norms, plans and policies aimed at women that were developed within the framework of the Plurinational State of Bolivia and its political project, based on the ideas of Good Living, in order to verify to what extent these can be considered an alternative for the problems identified in policies for the empowerment of women planned and implemented as a tool for development in its conventional and Western concept. For that, a theoretical discussion was presented on the inclusion of gender issues and women's empowerment in the development debates, followed by an analysis of policies implemented by the Bolivian government in three areas - education, employment and political participation - that correspond to indicators commonly used to monitor progress in gender equality and empowerment, seeking to identify the limitations and potentialities of these policies. As a result, it was observed that the action plans and norms aimed at women, developed under the Good Living, seem to be able to include the concepts of gender equality and empowerment without depriving them of their meaning. Despite this, the implementation of these plans and norms occurs, in most cases, only partially, jeopardizing the transformative potential of the policies implemented.
Key-words: Development; Women’s Empowerment; Good Living; Bolivia.
 
 
Recebido em: janeiro/2018
Aprovado em: agosto/2018
After the U.S. hegemonic retreat: Russia's Foreign and Security Policy in the Middle East
Authors: González Levaggi Ariel
Published: October 2019

In the last years, the Russian Federation has been in the global spotlight due to a series of assertive attitudes in his ‘near abroad’ and beyond. A central debate in the IR discipline and the regional studies on the Post-Soviet Space and the Middle East has been on the sources and nature of that ‘new’ regional and global policy. Russia used to have low profile in the Middle East during the Post-Cold War years, but the escalation in the Syria Civil War due to the imminent fall of the Al-Assad Regime provoked a critical juncture that pushed Russia to support military its ally. The article argues that Russia has recovered the great power status due to a military intervention in the Middle East which has been a spin-off of the U.S. hegemonic retreat after the failure of Iraq and the Obama’s decision not to act in Syria. At the same time, Russia also has operated with an acceptable degree of military efficacy on a regional order separate from its immediate zone of interest. The new involvement provides us a significant indicator of a status upgrade since the latent capabilities become actual with the projection of military strength overseas.

 

 

Recebido em: Agosto/2018.

Aprovado em: Outubro/2018.
Colaboradores
Authors: Geraldello Camilla Silva
Published: October 2019

Biografias e emails dos colaboradores desta edição:
 
Ada Celsa Cabrera García
Arturo Noel Noyola Muñoz
Bruno Maciel Santos
Gabriel Siracusa
Gilberto Maringoni
Jackson Silva Ribeiro
Mariana Balau Silveira
Mariana Morena Pereira
Mike Omilusi 
Renan Holanda Montenegro
China: movilidad, control y encauzamiento interno de su fuerza de trabajo
Authors: Cabrera García Ada Celsa , Noyola Muñoz Arturo Noel
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo, analizamos la manera en que el Sistema de Registro Familiar chino, el hukou, puede entenderse como una mediación fundamental para el control y encauzamiento de la movilidad de su fuerza de trabajo. El hukou se ha modificado históricamente desde su institucionalización en la época de Mao Zedong y durante el periodo de reformas siguiendo los objetivos de los proyectos político-económicos del gigante asiático. En el caso del proyecto maoísta, la migración del campo a la ciudad estaba restringida por el sistema de “comunas populares”, mientras que con las reformas de Deng Xiaoping se abrió la posibilidad de este tipo migración. En ambos casos, el hukou y las reformas que ha sufrido han sido condiciones necesarias para ello. En el proyecto de expansión chino implementado por Xi Jinping se promueve el desplazamiento de la población rural en favor de la expansión urbana y de la agricultura a gran escala sin que todavía se hayan realizado reformas significativas al hukou. No obstante el funcionamiento histórico del hukou, las reformas que este ha experimentado de manera reciente se traducen en la pérdida de beneficios para una parte importante de la población, lo que parece convertirse en una situación a tomar en cuenta ante las intentos de expandir la demanda interna. A este escenario de tensión se enfrenta actualmente el gigante asiático.
 
 
Abstract: In this work, we analyze the way in which the chinese Family Registry System, the hukou, can be understood as a fundamental mediation for the control and channeling of the mobility of its labor force. The hukou has been modified historically since its institutionalization in the Mao Zedong era and during the period of reforms, following the objectives of the political-economic projects of the Asian giant. In the case of the Maoist project, migration from the countryside to the city was restricted by the system of "popular communes", while Deng Xiaoping's reforms opened up the possibility of this type of migration. In both cases, the hukou and the reforms it has suffered have been necessary conditions for this. The Chinese expansion project implemented by Xi Jinping promotes the displacement of the rural population in favor of urban expansion and large-scale agriculture without significant reforms being made to the hukou. Despite the historical functioning of the hukou, the reforms that it has recently undergone have meant the loss of benefits for an important part of the population, what seems to become in a situation to be taken into account in the face of attempts to expand domestic demand. The Asian giant is currently facing this tension scenario.
Keywords: China, hukou, migration, labor force, economic project.
 
 
Recebido em: agosto/2018.
Aprovado em: julho/2019.
Detection of CN Gas in Interstellar Object 2I/Borisov
Authors: Fitzsimmons Alan , Hainaut Olivier , Meech Karen J. , Jehin Emmanuel , Moulane Youssef , Opitom Cyrielle , Yang Bin , Keane Jacqueline V. , Kleyna Jan T. , Micheli Marco , Snodgrass Colin
Published: October 2019

The detection of interstellar objects passing through the solar system offers the promise of constraining the physical and chemical processes involved in planetary formation in other extrasolar systems. While the effect of outgassing by 1I/2017 U1 (’Oumuamua) was dynamically observed, no direct detection of the ejected material was made. The discovery of the active interstellar comet 2I/Borisov means spectroscopic investigations of the sublimated ices is possible for this object. We report the first detection of gas emitted by an interstellar comet via the near-UV emission of CN from 2I/Borisov at a heliocentric distance of r = 2.7 au on 2019 September 20. The production rate was found to be Q(CN) = (3.7 ± 0.4) × 1024 s−1, using a simple Haser model with an outflow velocity of 0.5 km s−1. No other emission was detected, with an upper limit to the production rate of C2 of 4 × 1024 s−1. The spectral reflectance slope of the dust coma over 3900 Å < λ < 6000 Å is steeper than at longer wavelengths, as found for other comets. Broadband R

c
photometry on 2019 September 19 gave a dust production rate of Afρ = 143 ± 10 cm. Modeling of the observed gas and dust production rates constrains the nuclear radius to 0.7–3.3 km assuming reasonable nuclear properties. Overall, we find the gas, dust, and nuclear properties for the first active interstellar object are similar to normal solar system comets.