bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing women’s satisfaction with well-woman services at the Manhyia Government Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Agyei Agnes Ampofo , Amponsah-Tabi Seth , Dassah Edward Tieru , Ansong Eric Sarpong , Kankam Maxwell , Peprah Amponsah , Senaya Charles , Annan John Jude Kweku , Reindorff Roderick Larsen , Opare-Addo Henry S
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

The provision of well-woman services to women is a very good intervention for promoting good health and well-being among women. Despite data needed to inform increasing accessibility to well-woman services, there is limited information about client’s satisfaction with well-woman services.

Objective:

This study was conducted to determine factors influencing women’s satisfaction with well-woman services at Manhyia Government Hospital.

Design:

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending the well-woman clinic at the Manhyia Government Hospital, Kumasi from 10 May 2023 to 15 November 2023.

Methods:

A systematic sampling method was employed. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on participants’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, health-facility-related factors, barriers to utilization and client satisfaction. A face-to-face interview was conducted for every woman included in the study. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. p-Value for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results:

Of the 344 women who were recruited for the study, majority (65.7%) of them were satisfied with care at the well-woman clinic. About 59.3% of the women were willing to continue care at the clinic. The age range was 18–60 with mean of 34.6 ± 12.0 years. Some of the challenges the women reported in accessing well-woman services at the clinic included long waiting times (17.7%) and inadequately skilled staff (8.1%). After adjusting for significant variables in the multivariable logistic regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)), comfortability of the waiting area (AOR: 7.71, 95% CI: 1.54–38.60), <6 months duration of accessing care (AOR: 8.82, 95% CI: 3.25–23.98) and friendly attitude of health workers (AOR: 27.03, 95% CI: 4.28–170.83) were significantly associated with the client’s satisfaction with well-woman services.

Conclusion:

There was high satisfaction with well-woman services at the clinic, and this was associated with factors such as duration of service, comfortability of the waiting area and the attitude of health workers. Training more skilled staff and expanding the clinic will help improve well-woman services.
Penalty kick analysis in the FIFA Men’s World Cup: The rise of keeper-dependent strategy
Authors: Han Zidong , Li Guosong , Zhang Yufei , Memmert Daniel , Han Bo
Published: February 2025

Penalty kicks in FIFA World Cups often play a decisive role in determining match outcomes. Our study analysed 64 in-match penalties from the 2014, 2018, and 2022 FIFA Men's World Cups, focusing on player running behaviours (fluent vs. non-fluent) to investigate the prevalence of specific penalty strategies during these tournaments. Penalty strategy (keeper-independent and keeper-dependent), situational (tournament year, tournament stage, match period, match status), individual (footedness), and performance indicators (shoot direction, goalkeeper's action, outcome) were collected from the three successive World Cups. Chi-square tests were conducted to evaluate the relationships between indicators and strategies. Adjusted standardised residuals were calculated to identify significant cell contributions and support further analysis. Results: (1) Keeper-dependent strategies were used significantly more frequently in the 2022 World Cup compared to 2018 and had higher scoring rates than keeper-independent; (2) low shots were more frequent for keeper-dependent penalties; (3) goalkeepers remained in the middle more often when facing the keeper-dependent strategy. Conclusion: The use of keeper-dependent strategy increased across the 2014, 2018, and 2022 FIFA World Cups, with higher scoring rates. Players using this strategy are more inclined to shoot low, while goalkeepers tend to stay in the middle. Match period, stage, and status did not significantly impact penalty strategy, suggesting that players maintained the same strategy across different contexts. Coaches and players should prioritise mastering the keeper-dependent strategy while understanding the advantages and limitations of both penalty strategies. Flexibly adopting these strategies could contribute to enhancing penalty kick scoring rates.
Navigating the Temporal Veil of Nostalgia: Playing the Boundary Without Crossing it
Authors: Morley James
Published: February 2025

Remarking on Geniusas’ phenomenological explication of nostalgia, I review nostalgia as a form of daydreaming but with its own unique constituent of wider temporal horizons. Also, I concur with Geniusas’ observation that nostalgia is about a boundary of impossibility whereas most other forms of daydreaming offer possibility. I then contrast two modes of nostalgia, fulling nostalgia that playfully, and even lucidly, accepts the temporal boundaries and pathological nostalgia that makes demands on the temporal boundary. I conclude with a reflection, on the cultural level, on how reactionary social movements are typically characterized by pathological nostalgia that rejects current conditions and demand a return to an impossible past. This highlights the significance of nostalgia for further study.
The impact of digital media on foreign language acquisition: A comparative study
Authors: Alasal Mahmoud Sabri
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the efficiency of the use of digital media for learning as opposed to the more conventional methods of learning a foreign language based on a secondary qualitative analysis. The aim of the study is to determine the efficiency of the key benefits of the language learning application, social networking sites and digital games in comparison with the classroom learning and textbook based learning. Specific findings show that technology brings a positive impact in vocabulary instruction, listening comprehension and students’ motivation as it allows more practices and varied media. On the other hand, traditional approaches are still effective in the kind of reading and comprehension, written expression and in the enhancement of complicated grammar rules. The study thus concludes that the method that gives the students the best form of learning is the blended learning form as supported by the digital learning forms and the conventional forms of learning. Thus, the study sheds the light on the fact that the use of the digital media is likely to revolutionize the processes of language acquisition and learning, at the same time stressing the importance of the traditional approaches to language acquisition and learning, which still remains influential and conducive to the profound language acquisition and learning the processes.
A Double-Edged Sword: The Effects of Stressors on Job Crafting and Career Sustainability
Authors: Li Xintian , Liu Hainan , Peng Peng
Published: February 2025

Prior studies have investigated the relationship between work stressors and career sustainability. However, there is currently a lack of information on this relationship’s underlying mechanisms and boundaries. Delving into the complexities of work stressors and their influence on career sustainability, this research employs the job demands-resources model to examine the intricate relationship. This study used hierarchical regression analysis and PROCESS macro for SPSS to explore the mediating role of job crafting and the moderating role of perceived organizational support based on 358 employees from 28 hotel companies in China. The results show that challenge stressors can enhance career sustainability, while hindrance stressors diminish it. Job crafting has a significant mediating effect between work stressors and career sustainability. In addition, perceived organizational support significantly moderates the relationship between work stressors and job crafting. This study significantly advances the literature on job crafting and career sustainability, highlights the complex impact of work stressors in the hospitality industry, and provides actionable insights for workplace stress management initiatives and employee career sustainability promotion.
Turkish Women’s Marital Constructs Related to Domestic Violence: A Study Using the Repertory Grid Technique
Authors: Daş Rümeysa , Ateş Fatoş Bulut
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to use the repertory grid technique to identify the personal constructs of women exposed to domestic violence regarding their marriage and their marital constructs in the case of exposure to domestic violence. This study used an exploratory, sequential, mixed-method research design. Thus, participants’ personal and marital constructs were examined using qualitative and quantitative case study methods. Thirty-four women were included in this study. The findings indicate that women who have not been exposed to domestic violence perceive their marriages through a positive personal construct. Furthermore, the findings showed that some women exposed to domestic violence had both positive and negative constructs. The findings are discussed in line with personal construct theory in a cultural context. Regarding the subjective perceptions of women exposed to domestic violence, these results reflect the effects of violence and can offer a perspective on violence to practitioners working with women exposed to violence.
Evaluating Medical Student Engagement in Flipped Classrooms: Insights on Motivation and Peer Learning
Authors: Khadawardi Khalid , Mirdad Dahlia , Nasief Hisham , Hassan Amber , Waseem Humaira , Butt Ammara , Aldardeir Njoud E. , Salah Wed , Zakariyah Abeer F. , Alboog Abdulrahman
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Flipped classrooms have gained popularity for their ability to improve educational outcomes by flipping traditional teaching approaches and fostering interactive learning settings. Our study aims to assess the impact of these classrooms on medical students’ motivation, critical thinking skills, and facilitation of collaborative learning.

METHODS

A quasi-experimental study was conducted to involve quantitative surveys administered to students both before and after the teaching session. A predefined questionnaire was used to assess 5 key outcomes: Motivation, Critical Thinking, Student-centered learning, Learning benefits, and Peer-Assisted Learning. Data were collected at 2 points to capture changes throughout the intervention.

RESULTS

The introduction of the flipped classroom approach led to a significant improvement in medical student performance, with average test scores rising from 13.25 ± 2.36 to 16.08 ± 1.5 ( P < .05). Students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom also improved, with the impact scale score increasing from 41.91 ± 4.9 to 69.71 ± 9.72 ( P < .05). There was a statistically significant difference before and after the engagement, suggesting that the flipped classroom approach successfully improved students’ motivation, engagement, collaborative learning, and critical thinking skills.

CONCLUSION

Our findings highlight the positive efficacy of flipped classrooms in creating a more interactive and supportive learning environment. The study concludes with recommendations for educators on how to implement best practices to enhance student engagement and improve learning outcomes in flipped classroom settings.
Guwahati Tea Auction Centre: A Management Dilemma
Authors: Chakravarty Rishi , Sarma Nripendra Narayan
Published: February 2025

Tea binds Assam with the rest of the country. With the discovery of tea plants in 1823, the state emerged as a place of immense significance on the global map, opening wide avenues for direct and indirect employment. However, the tea industry of Assam underwent some significant transformation, especially with the growth of the small tea growers (STGs). The quality of the green leaf produced by the STGs was a concern. Also, to ensure production at a fair price, the Guwahati Tea Auction Centre (GTAC) was formed where registered buyers, sellers and brokers meet for trading. The GTAC was expected to also provide support to the STGs and train them to produce better quality tea. However, several issues have emerged with the functioning of the GTAC which needed urgent attention. This management case is an attempt to provide a roadmap for the effective functioning of the GTAC which could also ensure the sustainable livelihood of the STGs.
Decoding functional hematopoietic progenitor cells in the adult human lung
Authors: Conrad Catharina , Magnen Melia , Tsui Jessica , Wismer Harrison Jacob , Naser Mohammad , Venkataramani Urmila , Samad Bushra , Cleary Simon J , Qiu Longhui , Tian Jennifer J , De Giovanni Marco , Mende Nicole , Leavitt Andrew D , Passegue Emmanuelle , Laurenti Elisa , Combes Alexis J , Looney Mark R.
Published: February 2025

While the bone marrow is the main site of blood cell production in adults, rare pools of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells have been found in extramedullary organs. In mice, we have previously shown that the lungs contain hematopoietic progenitor cells and is a site of platelet production. Here, in the adult human lung, we show that functional hematopoietic precursors reside in the extravascular spaces with a frequency similar to the bone marrow, and are capable of proliferation and engraftment in mice. The gene signature of pulmonary and medullary CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors indicates greater baseline activation of immune, megakaryocyte/platelet and erythroid-related pathways in lung progenitors. Spatial transcriptomics mapped blood progenitors in the lung to an alveolar interstitium niche with only a few cells identified in an intravascular location. In human blood samples collected for stem cell transplantation, CD34+ cells with a lung signature enriched the mobilized pool of hematopoietic stem cells. These results identify the lung as a pool for uniquely programmed blood stem and progenitor cells with the potential to support hematopoiesis in humans.
Mannose-6-phosphate attenuates acute lung injury by competitive release of acid sphingomyelinase from the mannose-6-phosphate receptor in endothelial caveolae
Authors: Jiang Tian , Samapati Rudi , Klassen Sergej , Winoto-Morbach Supandi , Mohamed Zain H. , Göggel Rolf , Yin Jun , Tan Lijie , Arenz Christoph , Schulz Sabrina , Erfinanda Lasti , Preissner Robert , Simmons Szandor , Schütze Stefan , Uhlig Stefan , Kuebler Wolfgang M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier failure is mediated by acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) translocation to caveolae. ASM, however, lacks a transmembrane domain for anchoring inside caveolae. We hypothesized that ASM may anchor to cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) in caveolae from where it can be competitively released by M6P.

Methods

We probed for ASM-CI-M6PR interaction by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and proximity ligation assay (PLA) in isolated lungs and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hPMVECs). ASM release by M6P was determined in hPMVECs, isolated lungs andin vivo. Effects of M6P i) on PAF-induced lung edema formation and endothelial Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i), and ii) lung injury in acid instilled, overventilated mouse lungs were tested. ASM levels were measured in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ARDS patients. The TriNetX database was probed for the association of ASM-inhibiting tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) with outcome.

Results

Co-IP and PLA revealed ASM interaction with CI-M6PR in endothelial caveolae, which was further increased by PAF. M6P, but not glucose-6-phosphate (Glu6P) caused ASM release, thereby decreasing ASM content and activity in caveolaein vitro,in situandin vivo. Analogously, M6P, yet not Glu6P attenuated PAF-induced endothelial [Ca2+]isignaling and lung edemain situ, and acute lung injuryin vivo. ASM levels were increased in serum, yet not BALF in ARDS patients. Use of TCA was associated with better outcome in patients with severe respiratory infections.

Conclusions

CI-M6PR anchors ASM in caveolae. M6P may hence present a promising strategy against ASM-related lung injury and edema.
Factors associated with low adherence to inhaled therapy in patients with chronic respiratory diseases: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Murillo Esther Ribes , Mora Josep Ramon Marsal , Bachiller Marta Micol , Santiago Leonardo Galván , Braqué Núria Nadal , Bravo Marta Ortega
Published: February 2025

Background

Because of their high prevalence, chronic respiratory diseases, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, represent main public health problems. They are mainly treated through inhaled therapy. There is low adherence to such therapy, resulting in poor control of chronic respiratory diseases. However, more research is needed on the association of several factors with low adherence.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the association of age, sex, type of drug, and frequency of administration with low adherence to inhaled therapy. In order to do this, we performed a cross-sectional study.

Methods

We selected all patients treated with long-acting anticholinergics (LAMA), long-acting β2-adrenergics (LABA), LAMA/LABA, or inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/LABA in the Health Area of Lleida on 16 March 2017. For each treatment, we determined the percentage of patients showing low adherence to therapy (less than 50%), calculated as drug boxes collected from the pharmacy with respect to the prescribed ones. Then, we analysed the association of age, sex, type of drug, and frequency of administration, with low adherence to therapy through a multivariate linear model.

Results

11,128 people had electronic prescriptions for one of the inhaled therapy; of them, 24.6% (2,741) showed low adherence. The highest percentage of people with low adherence was found among young patients and women. Women 25–34 years of age included the highest percentage of patients with low adherence. As for drugs, the highest percentage of patients with low adherence was found among the ones treated with LABA and ICS/LABA. Finally, a higher percentage of patients with an administration frequency of 12 h presented low adherence, in comparison with patients treated every 24 h, in general and in the LABA and ICS/LABA groups.

Conclusions

The differences that we observed in adherence to inhaled therapy according to the different factors analysed should be considered when managing chronic respiratory diseases and their impact on patients’ clinical burden, quality of life, and costs for the health system.
Benefits of a near-peer program from the tutors’ perspective: a survey of Australian junior doctors in a regional teaching program
Authors: Medveczky David , Mitchell Alicia , Leopardi Eleonora , Dawson Amanda
Published: February 2025

Background

Near-peer teaching has been shown to provide diverse benefits for both tutees and tutors in senior medical student and junior trainee settings. However, junior trainees may face more obstacles in teaching including competing clinical priorities and time management. We sought to investigate the challenges and benefits of engaging in near-peer teaching for junior trainees within our local context. Our Near-Peer Medical Teaching (NPMT) teaching program is designed and facilitated by junior doctors for medical students at the Central Coast Clinical School (University of Newcastle) of the Joint Medical Program.

Methods

Current and past NPMT tutors participated in an online survey from October 2022 to April 2023. Tutors were asked about feasibility of teaching within a work environment, perceived benefits from their experience and attitudes towards medical education.

Results

Teaching experience appears to be influenced by competing clinical priorities and convenience of session times, but it does not appear to exert considerable stress on tutors likely due to self-selection of tutors with prior enjoyable teaching experience. Furthermore, this study indicates that junior doctors derived enjoyment and developed clinical skills and professional qualities, which are important factors in increasing job satisfaction and ameliorating burn-out in this cohort.

Conclusions

Junior doctors appear to benefit from engaging in near-peer programs in the Australian teaching hospital setting. Further research should include qualitative methodologies to explore the perspectives of Australian junior doctors’ more deeply.
Cancer rehabilitation in clinical practice: a qualitative study exploring contact nurses’ views on prerequisites
Authors: Melander Wenche , Rosell Linn , Larsson Anna-Maria , Lagergren Pernilla , Malmström Marlene
Published: February 2025

Background

Individualized cancer rehabilitation should be an integral part of cancer care. Contact nurses play a key role in identifying patient needs and coordinating evidence-based interventions to support rehabilitation. However, cancer rehabilitation remains marginal in current practice, as contact nurses face challenges due to the lack of systematic processes for assessment, intervention, and follow-up, limiting its implementation across the cancer care trajectory. This study aims to explore contact nurses in cancer care views on their role in and prerequisites for cancer rehabilitation.

Methods

Data were collected through 20 individual interviews with contact nurses working in Swedish cancer care and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

A holistic approach to cancer rehabilitation was emphasized, yet establishing routines for assessment and addressing patients’ changing needs was described as challenging. Contact nurses experienced themselves as responsible for rehabilitation even though their role often was unclear. Rehabilitation was further seen as a process often determined by the medical trajectory rather than patients’ needs. To establish prerequisites for cancer rehabilitation supportive leadership and sufficient resources is essential.

Conclusion

There is a gap between cancer rehabilitation guidelines and their implementation in clinical practice, emphasizing the need for structure to support contact nurses to provide evidence-based individualized cancer rehabilitation. To enable cancer rehabilitation, supportive leadership at the organizational level is essential for contact nurses to establish routines in their clinical practice. These routines should align the rehabilitation process with patient needs, ensuring that rehabilitative services are effectively integrated into regular healthcare visits.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.
Examining the impact of video-feedback and academic engagement on students’ feedback perceptions, feedback reviews, and academic achievement
Authors: Máñez Ignacio , Serrano-Mendizábal Marian , Descals Adela , García-Ros Rafael
Published: February 2025

Although student’s decision to review digitally-delivered feedback has received more attention over the last decade, the relationship of audiovisual formats of feedback and student’s academic engagement have rarely been investigated. This quasi-experimental study explores how written feedback and two video-feedback formats, each showcasing the instructor’s presence in different ways (audible or visual), influence students’ perceptions of feedback effectiveness, their decisions to review the messages, and their academic achievement. Given the pivotal role of student engagement in effectively processing instructor feedback, we further examine whether student engagement mediates or moderates the relationship between feedback format and both feedback review and academic achievement. Utilizing a digital learning platform, a total of 176 undergraduate students received generic feedback messages the day after submitting each assignment. Feedback was delivered in video format, with a particular focus on the instructor’s audible (VFA, n = 66) and visual presence (VFV, n = 72), or in written format (WF, n = 38). Results indicated that students were highly satisfied with the perceived effectiveness of the feedback format they received, and no significant differences in feedback review rates were observed across formats. However, students in both the VFV and VFA groups outperformed those in the WF group, with no significant differences between the VFV and VFA groups. Additionally, academic engagement moderated the relationship between feedback format and feedback review decisions, and mediated the relationship between feedback format and academic performance. These findings underscore the complexity of feedback effectiveness and suggest that instructor presence in video-feedback may impact academic outcomes. This study provides valuable insights for instructional designers and educators aiming to optimize feedback delivery in digital learning environments.
Clinical Characteristics of Toxicities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Their Impact on Efficacy in Solid Cancers: An Analysis of Real-World Data in Moroccan Patients
Authors: Batlamous Badiaa , Lkhoyaali Sihame , Omri Loubna , Nguema-Mipaka Magaly-Gwen-Farnely , Khalis Mohamed , Inrhaoun Hanane , Naciri Sarah , El Ghissassi Ibrahim , Mrabti Hind , Boutayeb Saber , Errihani Hassan
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE

Patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity induced by ICIs and explore the correlation between efficacy and toxicity in a Moroccan population.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective study of patients with solid tumors who received pembrolizumab or atezolizumab at the
National Institute of Oncology, Rabat
from July 2018 to December 2023. We identified irAEs according to ASCO 2021 guidelines and graded them according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0. Efficacy with respect to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was determined. A Cox regression model was used to determine the association between irAEs and survival.

RESULTS

Eighty-six patients with solid tumors who received ICIs were included. The primary tumor types were lung (40.7%), skin (29.1%), and GI cancer (14%). The ICIs most commonly used included pembrolizumab (67.4%) and atezolizumab (32.6%). ICIs were used as monotherapy (77.9%) or in combination (22.1%). A total of 58 (67.4%) patients presented any kind of irAEs. The most common toxicities in both the monotherapy and combination groups were GI, with rates of 25.3% and 31.5%, respectively. Patients with irAEs showed significantly longer median PFS compared with those without irAEs (9
v
3.6 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.5 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.99];
P
= .04). The median OS was longer in patients with irAEs than in those without irAEs but was not statistically significant (19
v
10.3 months; HR, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.39 to 1.7];
P
= .5).

CONCLUSION

Our results indicated that ICIs have the potential to induce irAEs in patients with solid tumors. These adverse effects were commonly GI. The development of irAEs was associated with improved effectiveness of ICI treatment across different malignancies.
Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Equipment Shortages in Vietnam: A Critical Gap in Cancer Care
Authors: Nguyen Dang Van , Pham Manh Duy , Hoang Thai Huu , Nguyen Binh Thanh
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the current availability and distribution of radiotherapy (RT) and nuclear medicine equipment in Vietnam, focusing on the shortage of linear accelerators (LINACs), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanners, and brachytherapy units. The study seeks to quantify these shortages and highlight the implications for cancer treatment access and outcomes.

METHODS

Data were collected from 50 hospitals across Vietnam that provide RT services or nuclear medicine imaging. The availability of LINACs, PET/CT devices, brachytherapy units, and other essential equipment was assessed, alongside patient loads and machine utilization rates. National data were compared with the standard in developed countries, with a particular focus on the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) recommendations for RT infrastructure.

RESULTS

Vietnam has a total of 82 LINACs, resulting in a LINAC density of 0.82 per million people, which is far below the standard in developed countries of 4-8 per million. Of the existing LINACs, 43% are outdated and unable to deliver advanced RT techniques such as volumetric modulated arc therapy. Additionally, the country has only 12 PET/CT scanners and three cyclotrons, which limits access to early cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. The central region of Vietnam is particularly underserved, with only 1 PET/CT device and limited access to brachytherapy services. Long wait times for RT—often up to 2 weeks—are common, leading to delayed treatments and reduced treatment efficacy. Patients, particularly those with conditions requiring timely RT after chemotherapy, face increased risks because of these delays.

CONCLUSION

The shortage of modern RT and nuclear medicine equipment in Vietnam critically limits timely access to cancer treatment, affecting patient outcomes and placing a heavy burden on health care providers. Expanding access to advanced RT technology through government investment, public-private partnerships, and international collaborations with organizations such as the IAEA could alleviate these challenges. Increasing Vietnam's RT capacity is essential for improving cancer care outcomes and managing the rising burden of cancer across the country.
Therapy for Stage IV Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With Driver Alterations: ASCO Living Guideline, Version 2024.3
Authors: Owen Dwight H. , Ismaila Nofisat , Ahluwalia Amith , Feldman Jill , Gadgeel Shirish , Mullane Michael , Naidoo Jarushka , Presley Carolyn J. , Reuss Joshua E. , Singhi Eric K. , Patel Jyoti D.
Published: February 2025

Living guidelines are developed for selected topic areas with rapidly evolving evidence that drives frequent change in recommended clinical practice. Living guidelines are updated on a regular schedule by a standing expert panel that systematically reviews the health literature on a continuous basis, as described in the

ASCO Guidelines Methodology Manual

. ASCO Living Guidelines follow the

ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy Implementation for Clinical Practice Guidelines

. Living Guidelines and updates are not intended to substitute for independent professional judgment of the treating clinician and do not account for individual variation among patients. See appendix for disclaimers and other important information (
Appendix 1
and
2
). Updates are published regularly and can be found at

https://ascopubs.org/nsclc-da-living-guideline

.
Governments' policies and public vaccination under major epidemics: An evolutionary game perspective
Authors: Fan Hongjie , Wang Jun , Wang Kai , Zhu Yanling
Published: February 2025

Using government vaccine subsidies, public trust and individual physical and mental health losses as the core factors, this study develops a finite rationality-based evolutionary game model aimed at exploring evolutionary stabilisation strategies (ESS) in different contexts. Through simulation analyses, it is found that the strict control strategy adopted by the government can significantly enhance its benefits in the context of voluntary public vaccination against the vaccine. Further, when the government implements a strict prevention and control policy and the benefits of public vaccination are significantly increased under this policy, the system will tend to reach the optimal equilibrium state (vaccination, strict prevention and control
Introduction: Narrating and Translating Sexual Violence in Wartime in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region
Authors: Daoudi Anissa
Published: February 2025

This article is part of a larger project that explores the phenomenon of sexual violence as a weapon of war in the MENA region. In particular, it demonstrates the “untranslatability” of memories of rape in the Algerian Civil War—that is, both the inability to put into words this experience of trauma and the challenge of translating testimonies from the many languages used in Algeria into Arabic. The importance of translating this issue stems from the multilingual nature of the region, Algeria in particular, and the need to bridge the gap in knowledge between what is published in these languages. The key findings of this research relate to the relationship between language, narration, and memories of violence and the effect of (national) silence on the individual's experience of trauma. Women's empowerment begins by giving them a platform to narrate their stories to complete the missing pages of history. By doing so, women are not only putting the record straight but also helping other women (locally, regionally, and globally) to advance in their just fight against patriarchy, injustice, and inequality.
Richard Wright Theorizes Surrealism
Authors: Garcia Jay
Published: February 2025

The posthumous 2021 publication of the full unexpurgated version of Richard Wright's The Man Who Lived Underground, paired with his essay “Memories of My Grandmother,” also published for the first time, opens a new phase of inquiry into his work. The essay, in particular, reveals how immersed Wright became in discussions of surrealism and how he worked to give it specific inflections as he moved toward new projects in the early to mid-1940s. Developing his own terms, among them “enforced severance,” Wright brings them into the realm of surrealist aesthetic theorization. The essay demonstrates the highly antinomian and intellectually hybrid quality of Wright's thought as he moved away from the political and theoretical grounding that had been supplied by his CPUSA years. Returning to this moment of Wright's trajectory with an emphasis on the essay, this consideration offers an alternative picture of the canonical author and suggests pathways into his work made available by the newly available writings.
China's Feminist Gap: Edges, Nearness, and Distance in Women's Arts
Authors: Claypool Lisa
Published: February 2025

What does it mean to make art in a space that lies on the fault lines of geopolitical boundaries and gender discourses? This article explores the work of Chinese women artists who are alive to the complexities and ambiguities of their position and art practices in between. It asks after the feminist nature of that gap space as the condition for dispersal of identity and the emergence of embodied and affective meaning. How does the work of art work to bring the feminist gap into the beholder's presence? How do we as beholders enter into the feminist gap through our encounters with it? And why might ways of seeing that are shaped by these women's experiences as visual artists and their cultural understandings of feminism end up mattering to us all?
The Cultural Politics of Asian Life in Carl Mydans's Photojournalism of Tule Lake and Yosu-Sunchon
Authors: Lim Jeehyun
Published: February 2025

This article turns to two pieces of photojournalism in Life magazine by Carl Mydans to illuminate the visual economy of American militarism. By juxtaposing the photographs of the Tule Lake Japanese American incarceration camp and those of the Yosu-Sunchon rebellion in US-occupied Korea, the article explores the visual representations of military violence in these photographs with an eye to how US military violence was rendered civilized in comparison to the savage violence of Koreans. The visual repertoire of Asian lives in the photographs ranges from what the article calls “endurable life” to “liminal life” based on the photographed subject's receptiveness to Cold War racial liberalism and its governmentality. While Mydans's photojournalism of Tule Lake and Yosu-Sunchon precede the outbreak of the Korean War, the article suggests that the photographs of Asians under US militarism in the years leading up to 1950 show the conditions of the American public's reception of Korean War photographs, which Susan Sontag in 1973 characterized as “unanimous in its acquiescence to the Korean War.”
Face Masks for the Ancestors: Everyday Life and Death during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Urban Hanoi
Authors: Hüwelmeier Gertrud
Published: February 2025

This essay examines the everyday life and death of residents in urban Hanoi during the fourth wave of the pandemic in the summer of 2021. The article considers how city dwellers developed manifold creative strategies to deal with government requirements and argue that part of the population developed tactics of survival to circumvent prescribed rules in coping with the pandemic. But it wasn't just the living who were affected by the virus. The dead are believed to live on in the afterlife, and hence the essay also illustrates popular religious practices performed to protect ancestors from infection. Since customary respect for the deceased involves burning paper votive replicas, new items in the form of face masks and vaccine kits began circulating online. This not only sheds light on people's efforts to ensure that ancestors feel safe in the hereafter but shows how ritual artifacts and practices reflect and refract political, economic, and health concerns to bridge life and death.
Alteration of reproductive behaviors by aromatase inhibition is population-dependent in an African cichlid fish
Authors: Williams Bethany L. , Pintor Lauren M. , Gray Suzanne M.
Published: February 2025

Although hormones are vital to an organism's ability to respond to environmental stressors, they can be directly altered by the environment and impact reproductive behavior. For example, in some fishes, aquatic hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen) inhibits the aromatase enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol. Here, we examined the effects of short-term aromatase inhibition on reproductive behavior in male Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor, a widespread African cichlid, from one normoxic river population and one hypoxic swamp population. We further tested the response of females to treated and untreated males. We predicted that aromatase inhibition would decrease courtship and competitive behaviors, but the swamp population would be less affected given generational exposure to hypoxia. Specifically, we compared competition and courtship behavior of males treated with a short-term exposure to an aromatase inhibitor with control fish from the two populations. We found that both courtship and competitive behaviors were affected by the interaction between treatment and population. River fish performed fewer courtship and competitive behaviors under the aromatase inhibition treatment while the behavior of swamp males was unaffected. Additionally, we found that females from the swamp population preferred males from the aromatase inhibition treatment and river females preferred control males. While we found behavioral effects of short-term aromatase inhibition, we did not find any effects on male nuptial coloration. Overall, these results indicate that the effects of short-term aromatase inhibition on behavior could depend on local adaptation in response to hypoxia.
Using the Perfect Step Method to Improve Odds of Ambulation After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Mauger Sarah , Durak Eric , Hargrave Hal , Wray Ashton
Published: February 2025

Apply It!

From this article, the reader should:

• Recognize the emergence of chronic exercise care programs for persons with spinal cord injuries.

• Gain an understanding of the overall application of the Perfect Step recovery model for SCI rehabilitation using FMA, the STEP Method, and PNAR.

• Appreciate the typical training protocol for Perfect Step clients.

• Comprehend the vast benefits of exercise therapy in the rehabilitation of people with SCI.
Implementation of a Group Exercise Program for Survivors of Breast Cancer: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Adaptations
Authors: Wechsler Stephen , Singh Sheel , Gray-Meltzer Lynn , Snyder Allison , Comander Amy , Brunelle Cheryl , Blythe Anna , McCarron Ryley , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Lyons Kathleen D.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Strength After Breast Cancer (SABC) is a safe and effective physical-therapist-led group exercise program for survivors of breast cancer. However, implementation outcomes including patient/provider acceptability and how to overcome implementation barriers are unclear. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of implementing SABC in a hospital-based outpatient rehabilitation clinic and characterized program adaptations made to overcome anticipated and unanticipated barriers.

Methods

SABC was offered as a billable clinical program with the option to provide consent for research activities. Three rounds of SABC were conducted, each with two concurrent groups of up to four participants. Feasibility was determined by enrollment, retention, and, for consented participants, survey completion. Participant acceptability was assessed via survey and one-on-one semistructured interviews. Clinician acceptability was assessed through group interviews after each round of SABC. Program observation, investigator and clinician self-report, and clinician interviews were used to identify and characterize program adaptations.

Results

Of 38 women referred to SABC, 33 (87%) were approached, and of those, 23 (70%) enrolled. Participants attended an average of 4.2 (standard deviation 0.97) of 5 group sessions. Twelve participants consented to research activities and completed SABC; all (100%) completed baseline surveys, 10 (83%) completed post-program surveys, and 6 participated in interviews. Participant satisfaction scores were high. Qualitative data supported both participant and clinician acceptability while also revealing implementation barriers, including time constraints, challenges enacting/supporting exercise behavior change, and payment. In total, 11 adaptations were made; all adaptations were fidelity consistent.

Conclusion

SABC can be feasibly and acceptably implemented as a group-based exercise program in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic. Program adaptations were effective in overcoming previously identified implementation barriers; however, several new barriers were identified. Future research is needed to enhance equitable access to SABC, reduce clinician burden, identify program adaptations to optimize behavior change, and minimize participant burden related to payment.
The High-Frequency Effects of Dollar Swap Lines
Authors: Kekre Rohan , Lenel Moritz
Published: February 2025

We study the effects of dollar swap lines using high-frequency responses in asset prices around policy announcements. News about expanded dollar swap lines causes a reduction in liquidity premia, compression of deviations from covered interest parity, and depreciation of the dollar. Equity prices rise and the VIX falls, while the response of long-term government bond prices is mixed. The cross section of high-frequency responses implies that swap lines affect the dollar factor or the price of risk. Our findings are qualitatively consistent with models relating the supply of dollar liquidity to the broader economy. (JEL E43, E44, E58, F31, G12, G13, G15)
Surviving Bad News: Health Information without Treatment Options
Authors: Ciancio Alberto , Kämpfen Fabrice , Kohler Hans-Peter , Thornton Rebecca
Published: February 2025

When there is no treatment available for a life-threatening disease, providing personal health information could lead to despair or fatalistic behaviors resulting in negative health outcomes. We document this possibility utilizing an experiment in Malawi that randomized incentives to learn HIV testing results in a context where antiretroviral treatment was not yet available. Six years after the experiment, among HIV-positive individuals, those who learned their status were 23 percentage points less likely to survive than those who did not, with effects persisting after 15 years. Receiving an HIV-positive diagnosis resulted in riskier health behaviors, greater anxiety, and higher discount rates. (JEL D83, D91, I12, I18, O12)
Physical fitness and health indicators of basic, technical, and technological educational staff
Authors: Santos Maia Ana Gabriela , Olinto Markus Filardi Moura , Lins Victor César Dias , Dutra Maurílio Tiradentes
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to analyze health and physical fitness indicators of employees of a federal institution of education, science, and technology in Brasília. Methods: The sample consisted of 29 employees, including 16 men (38.1 ± 7.9 years; 80.7 ± 12.5 kg) and 13 women (40.1 ± 7.0 years; 64.0 ± 8.2 kg). The indicators analyzed were body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), handgrip strength (HGS), flexibility, VO2 max, and body composition. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistics. The indicators were compared to reference values considering sex and average age, and a comparison between men and women was also performed. Results: The results for men and women, respectively, were: BMI: 26.8 ± 3.8 and 24.2 ± 2.3 (P = 0.04); HGS: 45.8 ± 9.3 and 31.2 ± 6.0 (P < 0.001); flexibility: 22.6 ± 9.7 and 30.7 ± 5.4 (P = 0.01); VO2 max: 33.1 ± 4.9 and 30.4 ± 3.8 (P = 0.12); body fat percentage: 25.6 ± 6.5 and 36.4 ± 5.8 (P < 0.001); and muscle mass percentage: 35.3 ± 3.4 and 26.3 ± 2.9 (P < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between VO2 max and muscle mass percentage (r = 0.49; P = 0.007) and negative correlations between VO2 max and body fat percentage (r = -0.49; P = 0.008). Conclusion: The sample's body fat percentage and VO2 max were classified as poor, and the BMI of the men indicated overweight. These findings highlight the need for guidance and interventions to improve health and physical fitness parameters in this population.
The types of school attended by the ALSPAC children from1997 to 2011 (ages 5 to 19 years): A Focus on Christian Faith Schools.
Authors: Tohidinik Hamid Reza , Mumme Mark , Golding Jean
Published: February 2025

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a longitudinal study following ~14,000 children from pregnancy through until adulthood. They were all born to women resident during pregnancy in a geographic area which comprised the city of Bristol, surrounding suburbs, rural areas, villages and towns. During their childhood almost all attended either state or private schools. The present Data Note describes the basic details of the schools attended by the cohort of children born in 1991-2, obtained by linking the names of the cohort children to the schools they attended during each school year and then anonymising the data. Details include the size of school in terms of the number of children enrolled, school sex composition, whether it is a Christian faith school (including the type of faith), whether it is fee-paying, and whether it is a boarding school. This document includes details as to how scientists can obtain the data for analysis in regard to other aspects of the children involved.