bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digestive involvement in COVID-19: what we have learned in the past 12 months
Authors: Posmag Vladimir , David Liliana , Dumitrascu Dan L.
Published: July 2021

Background and aim. The year 2020 will remain in the medical history as the year of COVID-19 pandemic. Although COVID-19 is considered mainly a respiratory disease, it is well known now that SARS-CoV-2 can affect major organs including the digestive system. This is a comprehensive review on gastrointestinal involvement in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, also the digestive damage due to COVID-19.

Methods. A literature search was undertaken in main databases of medical publications following the search items digestive or gastrointestinal or gastric or enteral and SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19.  Data on gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations in this viral condition were collected and presented. Only observational studies were included.

Results. In this review we discuss the recent information on the relationship between COVID-19 and the digestive system. The putative underlying pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 as well as the clinical findings in relation to gastrointestinal changes are presented.

Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 virus can affect any part of the digestive system. Patients with chronic diseases are at greatest risk of adverse out-comes. There is a considerable risk for drug-drug interactions in patients who require a large treatment schedule.
Methods of using websites in integrated business promotion of enterprises
Authors:   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Ukraine, Zaruba Viktor , Parfentenko Irina ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Ukraine
Published: July 2021

The use of digital tools in marketing communications has become an obvious precondition for a successful business. At the same time, the modern concept of holistic marketing establishes that the purpose of marketing communications is to promote business of a firm, which includes not only the promotion of its goods and services, but also the management of its relations with all stakeholders. These provisions fully apply to Ukrainian industrial enterprises that seek to develop foreign sales markets. In the paper the concept of a site was chosen as the key term for research of marketing online communications. From the standpoint of their purpose, sites represent different types of social media that make it easier for their users to communicate and exchange multimedia information with each other. Websites are viewed as marketing communication channels that use certain methods to promote business activities. This raises the problem of integrating promotion channels into a single marketing communications system. The paper is devoted to the analysis of methods of promoting business activities of enterprises using social media sites and their systematization to create integrated marketing communications. We have classified websites according to the role they can play in integrated business promotion. It has been established that one should highlight the official sites of an enterprise promoting its business activities and the sites used to obtain information services. Many enterprises have two official websites: a representative one for presenting their business activities and a transactional one for e-commerce. The developers of information services sites are their owners, for whom the provision of these services constitutes the content of their business activity. These sites include social media supporting email, social networks, blogs, instant messengers. The analysis of the main methods of promotion in various social media is carried out. It allows one to establish the necessary logical connections between the promotion processes through various communication channels for their integration into a single system.
LEGAL INHERITANCE IN UKRAINIAN SOCIETY IN X–XVII CENTURY
Authors: S. H. Kovalova
Published: July 2021

In this article the essence of the institution of legal inheritance in the Ukrainian society of the X–XVII centuries is established. It is proposed to distinguish three stages of the development of this institution. In the X–XII centuries legal inheritance was regulated by barbaric consuetudinary law, since the XI century it was fixed in Russka Pravda. The heirs were the sons of the deceased; daughters got a share of parental property in the form of a dowry. The widow had the right to dispose of the property, but until she remarried. The property of persons who did not have sons was considered to be extortionate and was passed to the prince. Inheritance by will actually coincided with legal inheritance in terms of the circle of heirs. In the XIII – early XVI century hereditary relations were regulated by the rules of feudal law, fixed both in written law and in legal customs. The circle of legal heirs was expanded, daughters were allowed to inherit as well as sons, but all landowners were obliged to ensure military service from the estates. If there were no children, other relatives and a widow could inherit. The property of persons who had no relatives was considered extortionate and was passed to the prince. In the late XVI and XVII century the feudal law, including hereditary, was transformed into early modern. The institution of legal inheritance became more complicated and consisted of the rules of written and consuetudinary law, its formation was also influenced by legal practice. As a result, there was a certain dualism of inheritance by law: the practice was not the same for the privileged classes and the common population. Among the social elite, along with the recognition of women's inheritance rights, the restrictions on the inheritance of parental property by married women were deleted, and the inheritance rights of other relatives were expanded. The unprivileged urban and rural population in the practice of legal inheritance used archaic norms of consuetudinary law, which were formed in previous periods.
INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS IN CIVIL CASES: SIGNIFICANCE AND DISADVANTAGES
Authors: Solonchuk I. V. , Poliakova I. V.
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the consideration of features, as well as highlighting the importance, essence and shortcomings of the institution of correspondence litigation in civil proceedings of Ukraine. The normative-legal regulation of this institute is given. The historical sources of this institute are given, the direction of this institute in the modern civil procedural legislation of Ukraine is specified. The peculiarities, as well as the specifics of the content and procedure for making a decision in absentia are indicated. Isolation and comparison of absentee and ordinary court decisions are made. The importance of absentee trial in civil proceedings is considered, based on the current legislation of Ukraine. The direction of this institute is determined, it is noted that its existence is aimed at expanding the principles of dispositiveness of the civil process. Various aspects of understanding absentee proceedings in the legal literature are considered, the conditions for conducting absentee proceedings, which are provided by the civil procedural legislation, are given. The purpose of introduction of correspondence consideration of case among the international legal acts is allocated and own understanding of such purpose is allocated. A study was conducted, the results of which clarified the importance of decisions in absentia and the problems that can be distinguished from such results. The shortcomings of law enforcement and the work of the judicial system are identified based on the above statistics. It is determined that the functioning of the institute of correspondence proceedings in civil proceedings is not without its shortcomings, and therefore this institute needs to be improved, concretized, and also requires bringing the norms to the current state in connection with the transformation of social relations. The opinions of scientists on the shortcomings of the application of the institute of correspondence proceedings are analyzed and given, their own attitude is given. The problematic aspects of reviewing decisions in absentia that may be considered illegal are identified. The notion of absentee proceedings and absentee decision is analyzed, the difference between them is determined, based on the definition of such notions in the civil procedural legislation, the shortcomings of such consolidation of notions by the legislator are noted.
AN IMPROVEMENT OF LEGAL REGULATION OF MISUSE OF BUSINESS REPUTATION OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES
Authors: Shvydka T. I.
Published: July 2021

The development of fair competition directly depends on the effectiveness of regulation, the application of organizational, legal and economic development measures and the stimulation of competition by fair and conscientious methods that have developed in society due to the rules of ethics, business customs, as well as the level of legal culture and consciousness of citizens. For the implementation of fairness in the market economy, it is necessary to ensure effective control by the antimonopoly authorities and the introduction of effective mechanisms to protect against unfair competition. Protection against unfair competition is the activity of the state, its competent authorities and officials, which are endowed with appropriate powers, regulated by law. Among the offenses provided for by the Law of Ukraine “On Protection against Unfair Competition”, an important place is occupied by such a type of illegal use of the business reputation of a business entity, which implies that the business entity commits actions aimed at mixing the activities of an unfair competitor and a business entity that has an appropriate business reputation in the market. Such actions negatively affect both the relevant participants in market relations, in particular, consumers of goods and services and producers of such goods, and the market as a whole. Business reputation is an important component of doing business, which gives a subjective assessment, a person’s beliefs about a brand, company, goods or services. This is the formation in the mind of a person of a perception that depends on the activities of a particular subject in the market. A positive business reputation of an enterprise, or its goodwill, is a necessary component of a company's success; it affects both the place of the enterprise in the market and the value of this company in the market in the event of a sale. In addition, the business reputation determines the efficiency of activities, attractiveness for investors, partners, customers and the demand for the products that the company offers. However, a frequent occurrence is the misuse of someone else’s business reputation, which harms the rules of economic competition and is an offense both in terms of competition law and legislation on the protection of intellectual property rights. Improving the legislative regulation of this issue should be aimed at real protection of business entities, consumers and business in general and have a preventive nature.
ISSUES AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVEMENT IN SIMPLIFYING THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Vorobei A. O.
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the problematic issues of pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, under investigation by the units of the National Police of Ukraine, have not been studied in the scientific literature. The author of the article points out the problems of the legal status of a head of an inquest body, the author's definition of this term is given and proposed changes to the current criminal procedural legislation, which should eliminate legal gaps. Considered the inconsistencies of the current criminal procedural legislation in terms of regulating the order of attachment for seizure of the property during the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses. Analyzed judicial practice on this issue and proposed changes to legislation according to the needs of practice, what consist release from a duty side of prosecution to apply with a solicitor about the arrest of property during pre-trial investigation of criminal misconducts. With the aim of non-admission of abuses of law enforcement authorities by the right, it offers in the head of 25 criminal procedural code of Ukraine to envisage a right for persons in that property is temporally withdrawn or such property belongs that, apply in a court with a solicitor about verification of validity of exception and storage of material proofs by the side of prosecution and to require a transmission on storage to them of such material proofs. The drawbacks are noted in establishing the terms of pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, which are caused by the need to conduct psychiatric and other forensic examinations, it is proposed to provide in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine for an inquiry period of 2 months from the moment a person is informed of suspicion. The author's specified legal inconsistencies in the issue of regulating the conduct of a search during an inquiry, it is indicated that there is a need to standardize Articles 234–236 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Due to fact that the activities of the inquest bodies of the National Police of Ukraine are noticeably inefficient, it is proposed to introduce a shortened inquiry procedure in order to implement the principle of economy in the criminal process and saving resources used during the pre-trial investigation.
Parameter Uji Fisik dan Uji Kimiawi Pada Tingkat Kesegaran Ikan Ekor Kuning (Cassio cuning) di Pedagang Keliling Kota Makassar
Authors: Maskur Muhammad , Najih Mohammad Roin
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara parameter uji fisik (suhu dan pH) dengan parameter uji kimiawi (total volatile base dan angka peroksida) terhadap tingkat kesegaran ikan ekor kuning (Cassio cuning) pada pedagang keliling di kota makassar. Data hasil pengukuran terhadap suhu, pH, TVB, dan angka peroksida dianalisis menggunakan Anova selanjutnya hasil analisis yang signifikan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji LSD untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar titik penjualan. Hubungan antar parameter yang diukur selanjutnya dianalisa menggunakan regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Nilai hubungan suhu dan pH ikan ekor kuning yaitu  pada suhu 18,83°C nilai pH 6,64 (TPI Paotere), suhu 17,54°C nilai pH  6,60 (titik penjualan kedua) dan suhu 24,96°C nilai pH 6,61 ((titik penjualan ketiga). Nilai hubungan suhu dan TVB pada ikan ekor kuning yaitu pada suhu 18,83°C kadar TVB 13,12 mgN/100g (TPI Paotere), suhu 17,54°C kadar TVB 17,12 mgN/100g (titik penjualan kedua), dan suhu 24,96°C kadar TVB 19,93 mgN/100g (titik penjualan ketiga). Nilai hubungan suhu dengan angka peroksida pada ikan ekor kuning yaitu pada suhu 18,83°C angka peroksida 11,46 mEq/kg (TPI Paotere), suhu 17,54°C angka peroksida 22,32 mEq/kg (titik penjualan kedua), dan suhu 24,96°C angka peroksida 23,91 mEq/kg (titik penjualan ketiga). Nilai hubungan pH dengan kadar TVB pada ikan ekor kuning yaitu nilai pH 6,64 kadar TVB 13,13 mgN/100g (TPI Paotere), nilai pH 6,60 kadar TVB 17,12 mgN/100g (titik penjualan kedua), dan  nilai pH 6,61 kadar TVB 19,93 mgN/100g (titik penjualan ketiga). Nilai hubungan pH dengan angka peroksida pada ikan ekor kuning yaitu nilai pH 6,64 angka peroksida 11,46 mEq/kg (TPI Paotere), nilai pH 6,60 angka peroksida 22,32 mEq/kg (titik penjualan kedua) dan nilai pH 6,61 angka peroksida 23,91 mEq/kg (titik penjualan ketiga).
Penggunaan Kitosan Sisik Ikan dalam Memperpanjang Umur Simpan Ikan Asap
Authors: Muhammad Nur Rinto , Asy’ari  , Alfriyani Yunita Malondo  , Resmila Dewi
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis umur simpan ikan asap yang dilapisi kitosan sisik ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 perlakuan yaitu tanpa pelapisan, pelapisan dengan minyak kelapa, asam asetat 0,5%, dan kitosan (2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10%). Ikan asap yang dilapisi kitosan disimpan pada suhu ruang dan diamati kenampakan, bau, rasa, tekstur, jamur, dan lendir menggunakan lembar penilaian sensori ikan asap (SNI 01-2346-2006). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa organoleptik ikan asap tanpa pelapisan kitosan pada penyimpanan hari ke 2 sudah tidak memenuhi mutu organoleptik (nilai <7), sedangkan dengan pelapisan kitosan 10% nilai organoleptik > 7 pada penyimpanan hari ke 2 dan 3. Organoleptik kenampakan, bau, jamur, dan lendir ikan asap yang dilapisi kitosan sisik ikan dengan konsentrasi 10% setelah 3 hari penyimpanan, nilainya masih 7. Namun, organoleptik rasa dan tekstur ikan asap dengan pelapisan kitosan 8 dan 10% masih memenuhi syarat (minimal nilai 7) pada penyimpanan hari ke 2.
Labor Utilization Rate Analysis on Labor Productivity in Catfish Fillet Processing PT X
Authors: Ratrinia Putri Wening , Azka Aulia , Romaini Widya
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the level of labor productivity in catfish fillet processing using the LUR method. In this study, data collection was carried out by means of work sampling by recording labor activities and classifying them into three types of activity, namely effective, contributory, and ineffective. Based on the results of the analysis of Labor Utilization Rate (LUR) using the work sampling method carried out at 4 work stations, namely skinning, filleting, trimming, and freezing for 4 days of observation, it was found that the level of labor productivity in the catfish fillet processing industry was quite satisfactory, due to utility factors or the LUR value is more than 50%, which is an average of 92.22%.
The Ekstrak Daun Mangrove (Sonneratia caseolaris) sebagai Pengawet Alami Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) Selama Penyimpanan
Authors: Sumartini Sumartini , Ratih Purnama Sari
Published: July 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun mangrove (Sonneratia caseolaris) sebagai pengawet alami untuk menghambat kebusukan ikan tongkol segar dengan perlakuan konsentrasi, kondisi penyimpanan, dan lama simpan. Selain itu diharapkan ekstrak daun mangrove dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif pengawet alami yang dapat digunakan masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 4 variasi konsentrasi ekstrak (0 %, 15%, 20%, dan 25%), variasi lama penyimpanan yaitu (0,7, dan 14 hari), dan kondisi penyimpanan (suhu ruang, suhu dingin, dan suhu beku). Parameter yang diuji meliputi nilai pH, kadar air, angka total bakteri (TPC) .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak dan lama penyimpanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter uji. Berdasarkan hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik untuk menghambat laju kebusukan ikan adalah ekstrak daun mangrove pada konsentrasi 25% dengan nilai TPC sebesar 4,51 ± 0,03 Log CFU/g pada kondisi beku setelah disimpan selama 7 hari. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak daun mangrove berpengaruh signifikan dalam penghambatan bakteri dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan alami pengawet ikan segar.
Revisión de la influencia de los criterios deontológicos en la empresa del siglo XXI: significado, alcance y repercusión sectorial
Authors: Talavero-Cabrera Victor , García-Magariño Sergio
Published: July 2021

Con una perspectiva global de la economía, se estudian los retos de carácter deontológico que se plantean en las empresas motivados por sus procedimientos y prácticas. Como la operativa comercial no atiende a fronteras, las empresas deben adoptar criterios deontológicos específicos, aplicables a los determinados sectores económicos donde desarrollan su objeto social, con el objetivo de establecer normas que les permitan estar respaldadas por los diferentes ordenamientos jurídicos. La elaboración de códigos deontológicos puede ayudar a identificar la cultura empresarial de cada organización, a definir las responsabilidades inherentes y, en su caso, a determinar las repercusiones y las obligaciones concretas de cada actividad.
Food-induced anaphylaxis in children up to 3-years-old— preliminary study
Authors: Gawryjołek Julia , Krogulska Aneta
Published: July 2021

Introduction and objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of food-induced anaphylaxis, analyze the symptoms, and the trigger factors in the group of the youngest children. The additional aim of the study is to estimate the frequency of anaphylaxis episodes in the population of children in the Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship.Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 29 children aged 0–3 years that presented symptoms of food-induced anaphylaxis. Medical charts were reviewed using a collection of documents with the clinical data.Results: The frequency of anaphylaxis was determined to be 0.3% of all hospitalized children aged 0–3 years and 1.9% of children suspected of food allergy. The mean age of an anaphylactic reaction was 12 ± 9 months. The most common symptom was mild-moderate urticaria. The respiratory symptoms were significantly more prevalent in toddlers than in infants (p = 0.148). Cardiac symptoms occurred only in the infant group, that is, in two (11%) infants. As a possible cause of the symptoms, in 18 (62%) cases, parents most often indicated the consumption of milk or milk-rice porridge. Anaphylaxis as the first manifestation of food-allergy was significantly more prevalent in infants than in older children (p = 0.0002).Conclusions: The incidence of anaphylactic reactions rated at 0.3% of all children hospitalized at this age. The most common symptoms of anaphylactic reaction were skin lesions. The primary cause of allergic reactions was cow’s milk after first exposure at home. Anaphylaxis has different patterns of symptoms depending on the age of the child.
Real-world safety and effectiveness evidence of a microcrystalline tyrosine-associated mite allergoid in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Sala-Cunill Anna , Almeida-Sánchez Zulay M , García-Núñez Ignacio , Laín Sofia , Martínez-Tadeo Juan A , Martos Maria D , Núñez Ramón , Ramírez Mercedes , Boronat Anna , Torán-Barona Carla , Justicia José Luis
Published: July 2021

Evidence regarding allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in pediatric population is scarce. We have assessed safety and effectiveness of subcutaneous AIT with a microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT)- associated mite allergoid, Acarovac Plus®, in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis (AR), with and without asthma, in the real-world setting. This was a retrospective, multicenter study including children and adolescents aged 5 years to 17 years with AR, with andwithout asthma, and sensitized to mites, receiving AIT with Acarovac Plus® during ≥6 months. Primary and secondary objectives were safety and effectiveness, respectively. Effectiveness variables were assessed during 12 months before and after AIT and included unscheduled visits to the healthcare center and emergency room admissions, rhinitis and asthma symptoms according to ARIA and GEMA classifications, respectively, medication use, and patients’ and physicians’ disease perception graded on a visual analog scale (VAS). All 79 patients included had a mean (SD) age of 12.7 (3.3) years. Two patients experienced systemic adverse reactions (none severe). Unscheduled visits to the healthcare center and emergency room admissions decreased (mean (SD) 3.02 [2.48] and 0.63 [1.35] vs. 1.08 [1.38] and 0.09 [0.38], before and after treatment, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). After AIT, rhinitis and asthma classification changed (p < 0.0001 for all classifications), showing improvements in symptoms and a significant decrease in rhinitis and use of medication for asthma and VAS scores grading patients’ and physicians’ disease perception (p < 0.001). In conclusion, these results show that AIT with an MCT-associated mite allergoid appears safe and effective in children and adolescents with AR treated in the real-world setting.
Syndromic immunodeficiencies: a pediatrician’s perspective on selected diseases
Authors: Szczawinska-Poplonyk Aleksandra , Begier Kinga , Dorota Alicja , Dabrowska Monika , Galecka Dominika , Wawrzeniak Kamila , Wroblewski Kamil
Published: July 2021

Background: Syndromic immunodeficiencies are a genetically and pathophysiologically heterogeneous group of inborn errors of immunity. These are characterized by multiple extra immune clinical symptoms and a wide range of immunological phenotypes with increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune phenomena, immune dysregulation, organ-specificpathology, and malignancy.Objective: To increase the pediatricians’ awareness of this multifaceted group of primary immunodeficiencies in children.Methods: A comprehensive review of genetic background and clinical symptomatology of syndromic immunodeficiencies as well as current diagnostic approach and treatment modalities.Results: From the pediatrician’s perspective, an early-life diagnosis of syndromic immunodeficiencies, which is frequently indispensable for successful life-saving immunocorrection, poses a diagnostic challenge. Increased pediatricians’ awareness to recognize signs and symptoms of these diseases in affected children is of paramount importance. Current advances in molecular  biotechnology and immunogenetics, resulting in the implementation of newborn screening and new-generation sequencing, provide informative tools for definitive diagnosis and, in many new disease entities, for their definition and genotype–phenotype delineation and correlation.Conclusions: A broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes in children with syndromic primary immunodeficiencies requires pediatrician’s special attention, that is, individualized multidisciplinary approach under the supervision of a clinical immunologist.
A mite allergen avoidance decreased mite-specific IgE levels and ameliorated asthma symptoms in subjects who lived in temporary housing after natural disasters
Authors: Oshikata Chiyako , Watanabe Maiko , Ishida Masatsugu , Kobayashi Seiichi , Hashimoto Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Naoki , Yamazaki Akiko , Konuma Rumi , Shimada Takashi , Kaneko Takeshi , Kamata Yoichi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Yanai Masaru , Tsurikisawa Naomi
Published: July 2021

Background: We previously reported an increased prevalence of asthma among patients who had lived in temporary housing after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. We investigated the prognosis of asthma in former residents of temporary housing after allergen avoidance.Methods: Asthma was diagnosed in adults ≥ 15 years from 2014 to 2019 who had lived in temporary housing in Ishinomaki City for at least 1 year. The disease prognosis after the intervention of allergen avoidance in cases that were followed for more than 3 years during the 6-year study period was analyzed. We measured the Dermatophagoides farinae -specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in serum, and the amount of Dermatophagoides group 1 (Der 1) antigen on their futons or mattresses. We instructed residents in an allergen avoidance strategy that included 32 tasks, including using microfiber bedding covers.
Results: Of the 202 examinees who were followed for at least 3 years during the 6-year study period, 72(35.6%) were asthmatic during at least one examination. Of these 72 asthmatics, 55(76.4%) developed the disease after the earthquake, and more than half of the cases that we diagnosed at the examination were mild intermittent asthma. After the allergen-avoidance intervention, both the Der 1 level on the futons or mattresses of residents who were diagnosed with asthma but who were nonasthmatic at the final screening and their serum Der f-specific IgE levels significantly decreased (P < 0.01) at the final examination.Conclusion: Antigen avoidance ameliorated mild asthma that was prevalent among residents of temporary housing after the earthquake.
Proposta de Estimativa do Perfil Biológico pela Análise da Segunda Vértebra Cervical
Authors: Santos Bordoni Leonardo , Ferreira Bomtempo Camila , Aguiar Cavalcante Diniz Juliana , Fernandes Pádua Stephanie Mara , Borges Quadros Tatiana , Coelho Bordoni Polyanna Helena
Published: July 2021

A antropologia forense lida com perícias criminais de ossadas, cadáveres carbonizados e corpos em avançado estado putrefativo, sendo crucial nesta análise a definição do perfil biológico (PB) com as estimativas do sexo, idade, estatura e ancestralidade. Os elementos de maior precisão técnica nestas estimativas são o exame conjunto dos ossos do quadril, crânio e membros, que nem sempre estão disponíveis, o que torna importante o estudo de partes isoladas na estimativa do PB. A segunda vértebra cervical (C2) é uma opção, pois resiste à decomposição e geralmente está presente na maioria das perícias antropológicas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com medidas de 71 C2 secas periciadas no Instituto Médico Legal André Roquette buscando correlacionar 15 medidas vertebrais, a massa e 4 parâmetros qualitativos com a estimativa do PB. A massa vertebral e a maioria das medidas realizadas foram significativamente maiores nos homens. Com base em algumas medidas foi criada uma equação para a estimativa do sexo biológico e três para a estimativa da estatura. Não houve associação entre os parâmetros avaliados com a idade e com a ancestralidade, mas osteófitos foram observados predominantemente em periciados com idade igual ou superior a 40 anos. Os resultados apresentados indicam potencial aplicação prática em nosso meio. Entretanto, há necessidade de estudos posteriores para validação das equações apresentadas
Análise de Impressão Digital no Brasil: Uma Revisão Bibliométrica 2010-2019
Authors: De Souza Marco Antonio , Da Cunha Oliveira Neto José Carneiro
Published: July 2021

Neste trabalho são relatados os últimos 10 anos de produção científica brasileira sobre análise de impressões digitais. Assim, por meio da ferramenta de busca da plataforma web of science, foram trazidos de suas bases de dados os trabalhos com pelo menos um autor com afiliação do Brasil. As seguintes palavras-chave foram utilizadas na busca por assunto: papiloscopia, ridgeology, fingermark ou latent fingerprint. Os artigos foram separados por áreas e analisou-se a evolução das pesquisas relacionadas à análise de impressões digitais no Brasil, conforme as perspectivas para o tema no país. Assim, a evolução das publicações mundiais também foi comparada com as publicações brasileiras, considerando evolução, tipo, financiamento e questões de pesquisa.
Quand Ça Fait Si Mal: Protestation, Subversion et Espérance Dans le Psaume 137
Authors: Sanon Yacouba
Published: July 2021

RÉSUMÉ Cet article examine le Psaume 137 à la lumière de chansons reggae de deux rastas ivoiriens. L 'objectif principal est de démontrer que ce Psaume participe de la construction d'une identité subversive en s'appuyant sur lepouvoir transformateur de la lamentation et de la mémoire collective. L'article s'articule autour de trois principaux axes: (1) le contexte socio-historique de la naissance du Psaume 137; (2) le contexte littéraire et canonique; et (3) l'analyse socio-théologique et comparative. La lecture comparative des différents textes permet de mettre en relief le caractère subversif et revendicatif du Psaume 137. Elle permet également de mettre en exergue le besoin réflexion sur le passé, la valeur des prises de décisions dans le présent et la nécessité d'aspirer à un avenir plus juste. ABSTRACT This article examines Psalm 137 in the light of reggae songs by two Ivorian Rastas. The main objective is to demonstrate that the Psalm participates in the construction of a subversive identity by insisting on the transformative power of lament and collective memory. The article is arranged into three main sections: (1) the socio-historical context of the birth of Psalm 137; (2) the literary and canonical context; and (3) socio-theological and comparative analysis. The comparative reading of the different texts makes it possible to highlight the subversive and protest character of Psalm 137. It also makes it possible to highlight the need for reflection on the past, the value of decision making in the present and the need to desire a future built on justice. Keywords: Psalm 137, Alpha Blondy, Tiken Jah Fakoly, Babylon, Zion, Protest, Subversion, Justice, Hope, Rasta, Reggae
Suffering and Vengeance in the Psalms
Authors: van Rooy Herrie F
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT In the Psalms, the sufferer frequently complains about the suffering he had to endure and asks for deliverance. In some instances, the plea for deliverance includes a cry for vengeance. This contribution examines the issue of suffering and vengeance in the Psalter, giving attention to suffering in the hand of enemies, the terms used, individual and collective suffering, and vengeance. Animosity is a central theme in the Psalter, and through laments, the poet asks for justice. For suffering, the terms used are the noun י and the related verb III ענה. For vengeance, the verbs קם , גמל and שׁלם, as well as related nouns, are used. Psalms 13, 31, 37, 91 and 94 are analysed in relation to individual suffering and vengeance and Pss 58, 79, 137 and 149 in relation to collective suffering and vengeance. Vengeance does feature in the Psalms, but very seldom is vengeance asked for as such. Keywords: Suffering, Vengeance, Deliverance, Psalms, Enemies, Wicked, Righteous, Retribution, Laments, Justice
The Lord is my Shepherd in Suffering
Authors: Vos Cas J. A.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Although Ps 23 can be called a psalm of trust, its purpose is to impart comfort in concrete life. In times of sorrow and crisis, this psalm has struck home. The article starts by reading Ps 23 as composition, then turns to the reception history, and finally shows the resonance of this psalm in two contemporary poems. A network of metaphors is built around the shepherd motif. The motif of the shepherd is a central metaphor in this psalm. This motif is also found elsewhere in the OT. The shepherd takes care of his flock. This shepherd is identified as Yahweh. In the structure of Ps 23, v. 4b is the axis, as it is demonstrated by its occurrence precisely in the middle of the psalm. "You are with me." This confession is the heartbeat of the psalm. The second part of v. 4b indicates that the presence of Yahweh is a protective presence. Yahweh is not only the shepherd, but also the host who prepares a table before his guest. Yahweh also anoints the poet's head with oil before the commencement of the meal. The poet's cup overflows. Goodness and love will follow him. All the days of his life, he will experience the presence and protection of Yahweh. In the following part, the reception history of Psalm 23 is elucidated. The echoes of Ps 23 can be heard in two of my poems that were written in Afrikaans and superbly translated into English by the renowned translator, poet and novelist, Leon de Kock. Keywords: Psalm 23, Orientation, Interpretation, Structure, Reception history, Resonance in poetry
The Unheard Voices in the Hebrew Bible: The Nameless and Silent Wife of Jeroboam (1 Kgs 14:1-18)
Authors: Adamo David T.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT This article discusses the story of the Egyptian wife of Jeroboam in 1 Kings 14:1-18. Women are generally marginalized in the Old Testament-in most instances their names are not mentioned, words are not put in their mouths, their achievements are behind the scenes in the narratives. This article is interested in the discussion of the nameless and silent wife of Jeroboam. In the Masoretic (MT), the narrator did not name her despite the dominant and significant role she played in the narrative. However, in the Greek text (Account B), she is identified as "Ano, " the daughter of Pharaoh of Egypt. This paper argues that the silence of the wife of Jeroboam in the MT has great meaning and importance in the narrative-it signifies patience, obedience, humility, and self-control. She displayed these characteristics in the face of all the provocation from her husband and the prophecy of the death of her son from the Prophet Ahijah. Keywords: Silence, Namelessness, Old Testament, Kings, Prophet, Obedience
Was the Levite's Concubine Unfaithful or Angry? A Proposed Solution to the Text Critical Problem in Judges 19:2
Authors: Krisel William
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Judges 19:2 poses a text critical problem that has vexed scholars for over a century. According to the MT, the Levite's concubine left her husband and returned to her father's house in Bethlehem because she had "played the harlot against him." According to LXXA, the woman left her husband because she was "angry with him." However, no other Greek, Latin or Aramaic variant of the verse supports MT or LXXA. This article proposes a new hypothesis for understanding the relationship among the various textual variants of Judg 19:2. It will be argued that the earliest Vorlage used the verb עבר in the hitpa 'el form which has the meaning "to be furious". This Vorlage is reflected in LXXA. Later scribes then read the verb עבר in the qal form that has multiple meanings that depend on context. LXXB translated the verb in Greek with the meaning of "to move on". In contrast, Pseudo-Philo interpreted the verb with the meaning of "to transgress". The MT, which emended "to transgress" to "to play the harlot" , represents the final stage in the redaction process. Keywords: Judges 19:2, Textual criticism, Septuagint, Pseudo-Philo, Masoretic Text
Gradations of Degradation: Ezekiel's Underworld as a Temple of Doom
Authors: Wells Sara , Hays Christopher B.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Ezekiel's underworld is characterised by hierarchy and gradation. Insofar as that is also true of sacred spaces in the Bible, Ezekiel's underworld can also be imagined, heuristically, as a kind of unholy temple. Each of the three primary descriptions of holy space in the Hebrew Bible (the Priestly tabernacle, Solomon's temple, and Ezekiel's temple) has three primary graded spaces (inner sanctum, outer sanctum, and court). Ezekiel's underworld has three primary graded spaces: Sheol, the Pit, and the extremities of the Pit. In each case, the farther one moves in from the entrance, the more unholy the space. Like the tabernacle and temples, Ezekiel's underworld also has further gradations within the primary space, and these finer gradations of unholiness are marked by factors such as the length of the passage dedicated to a nation and the presence of associates in the nation's sphere of influence. Keywords: Ezekiel, Underworld, Temple and Tabernacle, Priestly literature, Mesopotamian literature, Gradations of holiness
Inner-biblical Quotations in Old Testament Narratives: Some Methodological Considerations (e.g., 1 Sam 15:2 and Deut 25:17-19)
Authors: Vang Carsten
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT In the study of inner-biblical quotations in Old Testament narrative literature, much insight can be gleaned from the scholarly endeavour in the last twenty years of defining and interpreting allusions and quotations in the prophetic literature. Author-intended quotations from a precursor text should be distinguished from stock phrases and the use of recurrent identical phrases. Among the viable criteria for discerning the direction of dependence in quotations, it is relevant to mention unfamiliar language usage in one part of the parallel, dependence on context, and signs of interpretation for rhetorical purposes. These criteria are used to test the case of the parallel locutions in Deut 25:17-19 and 1 Sam 15:2-3. The article also stresses the need for a thorough study of repeated phraseology in the narrative literature. Keywords: Direction of Dependence, Formulaic Language, Method, Quotation, Verbal Parallels
Knowledge and Education in Digital Era
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sokolov Dmitry
Published: July 2021

The article describes the crisis experienced by the education system during the development of the digital economy. The main presupposition of the crisis rests upon the following paradox: although the modern economy is based on the accumulation, processing and dissemination of knowledge, a fragmented perception of knowledge as such is being formed nowadays in the whole of society. The urgency of this crisis is especially noticeable against the background of the unfolding pandemic, which exacerbated many serious problems in the academic structures both in Russia and in foreign countries. This crisis of education is supplemented (and enhanced by) the crisis of science as a source of authority in postmodern era. In particular, expansion of social networks within the digital economy leads to the crisis of rational discourse in the society, because of the tendency of individuals to form closed interest communities, based not only on free discussion, but also rather on common misunderstandings, conspiracy theories and esoteric, contra-scientific forms of knowledge. The purpose of the article is to highlight the most important features of this crisis, as well as to outline its specificity within the Russian context. The main conclusion of the article is, although the education crisis in Russia is in many ways more severe than in developed countries, there are still opportunities to overcome it, not only within the framework of an academic system as a whole, but also through a wide range of grassroots initiatives related to with the promotion of scientific knowledge to a mass audience, covering wide sectors of society.
The Final Stage of the Minority Revolution in the United States. Upward Mobility of Minorities to the Corridors of Power
Authors:   American Political Science Association, Somerville, USA, Zhezhko-Braun Irina
Published: July 2021

This article is the third and final in a series dealing with the birth of a new political elite in the United States, the minority elite. In previous articles, the mechanism of its appearance was analyzed, as well as its ideology, goals, program and values. The black movement, as the most co-organized of all protest movements, is entering the final phase of its development, being engaged in the placement of its representatives in state and federal governments, political parties and other social institutions. The women’s movement has recently been taken over by ethnic movements, primarily blacks, and has become their vanguard. This article describes new social elevators for the promotion of minority representatives into the corridors of power. The logic of promoting people of their own race, gender and nationality to the highest branches of power began to prevail over other criteria for recruiting personnel. During the 2020 election campaign, a new mechanism for promoting minorities in all branches of government was formed. It is based on numerous violations of local and federal electoral legislation. The mechanism of pressure on the US electoral system is analyzed using the example of the state of Georgia and the activities of politician Stacey Abrams. The article describes Abrams’ strategy to create a network of NGOs that are focused on one mission - to arrange for the political shift of the state in the elections. These organizations circumvented existing laws, making the state of Georgia the record holder for electoral irregularities and lawsuits. The article shows that Abrams’ struggle with the electoral laws of her state is based on the political myth of the voter suppression of minorities. The author identifies a number of common characteristics of the new elite. The minority elite does not show any interest in social reconciliation and overcoming racial conflict, but rather makes efforts to incite the latter, to attract the government to its side and increase its role in establishing “social justice” through racial quotas and infringement of the rights of those social strata that it has appointed bearers of systematic racism in society. As the colored elite increases and the government’s role in resolving racial conflicts grows, the minority movement is gradually condemned, it ceases to be a true grassroots movement and turns into astroturfing.
How Can Philosophy Be Useful to an Institutional Economist?
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, Merzliakov Sergei
Published: July 2021

In recent decades, economists are actively entering the space of other disciplines. This movement of economists into the field of research of other sciences was called “economic imperialism”. The result of this process is a more realistic representation the nature of man in economic science and the conditions for the formation of human behavior. One of the objects of economic research is culture: values, beliefs and models of human behavior. Analyzing the concept of cultural codes, V. L. Tambovtsev points out that the study of the individual cultural institutions influence can be more effective than the research work within the concept of “general - cultural” factors, i.e. culture as a “homogeneous monolith”. It is more productive to use the “piece by piece” strategy to explore its position on cultural phenomena, studying the impact of a single cultural phenomenon on society. In this case, the influence of certain cultural institutions on the formation of certain behaviors is of interest. The purpose of the article is to analyze philosophy as a specific model of behavior, the formation of which can contribute to certain cultural practices. Objectives: to define philosophy as a specific model of behavior; to analyze the relationship of philosophy with value attitudes common in society; to indicate the potential of analyzing philosophy as a specific model of behavior for an economist. Conclusion: philosophy may be of interest to an institutional economist as a specific practice, i.e. as a model of human behavior that can be studied in a language of institutional economics. The movement of “economic imperialism” in the direction of philosophy will help to better understand the nature of man and the logic of his choice of actions.
The “Overkill” Phenomenon in Russian History
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Teplyakov Alexey
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes the phenomenon of ‘overkill’, which usually accompanies human life as an example of non-constructive behavior. In this article, the author considers the ‘overkill’ phenomenon in the late Imperial and Soviet period in Russia, when overkill was de facto constituted and became one of the ways to manage society. The author proves that with the development of society, the government begins to need overkill as a means of effective management policy, which allows testing public opinion while achieving the goals set by the government. Taking on the task of implementing global and rapid violent changes, the government faces resistance from people. The author shows that overkill transitions from a household phenomenon to the one used by the state, gains a special quality. The overkill that occurs when the message of power is conveyed to the population is the simplest and most effective way to compensate for the lack of feedback mechanisms between the government and society. This phenomenon has proven necessary for the authoritarian and especially totalitarian authorities – they use it to legitimize themselves, explain mistakes, and declare people guilty. In the Communist system, overkill played an important role as a stimulator and regulator in political, socio-economic, and cultural life. Mobilization campaigns, so popular in the USSR, used this ‘overkill’ method as a prerequisite for success. Thus, ‘overkill’ has become an important and integral way of interaction between a dictatorial state and society.