bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The study of the removal of penconazole fungicide from surface water using carboxymethyl tragacanth-based hydrogel grafted with poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)
Authors: Lotfi Magsoud , Bahram Morteza , Najafi Moghadam Peyman
Published: August 2023

In this study, a polymeric adsorbent based on carboxymethyl tragacanth (CMT) grafted by poly acrylic acid-co-acrylamide (AAc-co-AAm) synthesized by radical polymerization for the first time was used to remove the fungicide penconazole (PEN) or Topas 20% from surface water. The parameters of solution pH, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption kinetics of PEN were studied by the synthetic adsorbent. The surface morphology and functional groups of CMT-g-poly (AAc-co-AAm) were confirmed by XRD, SEM and FT-IR techniques. Adsorption of PEN on CMT-g-poly (AAc-co-AAm) follows the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models. The significant maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized polymer was found to be 196.08 mg/g. The synthetic adsorbent had good reproducibility in PEN removal for up to 5 cycles. CMT-g-poly (AAc-co-AAm) is a cost-effective and non-toxic adsorbent for the decontamination of surface water from pesticides.
Predicting California bearing ratio of HARHA-treated expansive soils using Gaussian process regression
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Al-Zubi Mohammad A. , Kubińska-Jabcoń Ewa , Majdi Ali , Al-Mansob Ramez A. , Sabri Mohanad Muayad Sabri , Ali Enas , Naji Jamil Abdulrabb , Elnaggar Ashraf Y. , Zamin Bakht
Published: August 2023

The California bearing ratio (CBR) is one of the basic subgrade strength characterization properties in road pavement design for evaluating the bearing capacity of pavement subgrade materials. In this research, a new model based on the Gaussian process regression (GPR) computing technique was trained and developed to predict CBR value of hydrated lime-activated rice husk ash (HARHA) treated soil. An experimental database containing 121 data points have been used. The dataset contains input parameters namely HARHA—a hybrid geometrical binder, liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, optimum moisture content, activity and maximum dry density while the output parameter for the model is CBR. The performance of the GPR model is assessed using statistical parameters, including the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE), and performance indicator (ρ). The obtained results through GPR model yield higher accuracy as compare to recently establish artificial neural network (ANN) and gene expression programming (GEP) models in the literature. The analysis of the R2 together with MAE, RMSE, RRMSE, and ρ values for the CBR demonstrates that the GPR achieved a better prediction performance in training phase with (R2 = 0.9999, MAE = 0.0920, RMSE = 0.13907, RRMSE = 0.0078 and ρ = 0.00391) succeeded by the ANN model with (R2 = 0.9998, MAE = 0.0962, RMSE = 4.98, RRMSE = 0.20, and ρ = 0.100) and GEP model with (R2 = 0.9972, MAE = 0.5, RMSE = 4.94, RRMSE = 0.202, and ρ = 0.101). Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis result shows that HARHA was the key parameter affecting the CBR.
Evaluating clinical heterogeneity and predicting mortality in severely burned patients through unsupervised clustering and latent class analysis
Authors: Kim Sungmin , Yoon Jaechul , Kym Dohern , Hur Jun , Kim Myongjin , Park Jongsoo , Cho Yong Suk , Chun Wook , Yoon Dogeon
Published: August 2023

Burn injuries often result in a high level of clinical heterogeneity and poor prognosis in patients with severe burns. Clustering algorithms, which are unsupervised methods that can identify groups with similar trajectories in patients with heterogeneous diseases, can provide insights into the mechanisms of the disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to analyze routinely collected biomarkers to understand their mortality prediction power, identify the clinical meanings or subtypes, and inform treatment decisions to improve the outcomes of patients with burns. This retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 18 years who were admitted between January 2010 and December 2021. The patients were divided into four subgroups based on the time period of their admission: week 1, 2, 3, and 4. The study revealed that 22 biomarkers were evaluated, and the red blood cell distribution width, bicarbonate level, pH, platelets, and lymphocytes were significantly associated with the mortality risk. Latent class analysis further demonstrated that the pH, platelets, lymphocytes, lactate, and albumin demonstrated the lowest levels in the cluster with the highest risk of mortality, with the lowest levels of pH and lactate being particularly noteworthy in week 1 of the study. During the week 2, the pH and lymphocyte levels were demonstrated to be significant predictors of the mortality risk, whereas the lymphocyte and platelet counts were meaningful predictors in week 3. During week 4, pH, platelet count, and albumin level were important predictors of mortality risk. Analysis of routinely collected biomarkers using clustering algorithms and latent class analysis can provide valuable insights into the heterogeneity of burn injuries and improve the ability to predict disease progression and mortality. Our findings suggest that lactate levels are a better indicator of cellular hypoxia in the early stages of burn shock, whereas platelet and lymphocyte levels are more indicative of infections such as sepsis. Albumin levels are considered a better indicator of reduced nutritional loss with decrease in unhealed burn wounds; however, the pH levels reflect the overall condition of the patient throughout the study period. These findings can be used to inform treatment decisions and improve the outcomes of burn patients.
Association between serum uric acid and triglyceride-glucose index in children and adolescents with short stature
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Zhang Mei , Chu Yuntian , Ban Bo
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, which is a more effective indicator of insulin resistance. The study participants included 1700 children and adolescents with short stature who were recruited at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University in China between March 2013 and April 2021. A positive association between SUA levels and the TyG index was detected by univariate analysis (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was detected between SUA and the TyG index, whose point was 6.55 mg/dL. There was a positive association between SUA and the TyG index when the SUA level was greater than 6.55 mg/dL (β 0.17, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.27; P < 0.001). However, we did not observe a significant relationship between SUA and the TyG index when the SUA level was less than 6.55 mg/dL (β 0.02, 95% CI: − 0.01, 0.05; P = 0.091). In addition, a stratified analysis was performed to appraise changes in this relationship for different sexes. The relationship between SUA and the TyG index in males and females is consistent with that in the general population, showing a nonlinear relationship. However, the inflection points of SUA level were significantly higher in males than in females, and the inflection points were approximately 6.72 and 5.88 mg/dL, respectively. This study revealed a nonlinear relationship between SUA and the TyG index in children with short stature. The nonlinear relationship remained in gender stratification analysis, but the inflection point of SUA level was higher in men. Further studies are needed to establish a causal relationship between SUA levels and the TyG index in children with short stature.
Mining the contribution of intensive care clinical course to outcome after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bhattacharyay Shubhayu , Caruso Pier Francesco , Åkerlund Cecilia , Wilson Lindsay , Stevens Robert D. , Menon David K. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Nelson David W. , Ercole Ari ,   the CENTER-TBI investigators and participants
Published: August 2023

Existing methods to characterise the evolving condition of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) do not capture the context necessary for individualising treatment. Here, we integrate all heterogenous data stored in medical records (1166 pre-ICU and ICU variables) to model the individualised contribution of clinical course to 6-month functional outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale -Extended (GOSE). On a prospective cohort (n = 1550, 65 centres) of TBI patients, we train recurrent neural network models to map a token-embedded time series representation of all variables (including missing values) to an ordinal GOSE prognosis every 2 h. The full range of variables explains up to 52% (95% CI: 50–54%) of the ordinal variance in functional outcome. Up to 91% (95% CI: 90–91%) of this explanation is derived from pre-ICU and admission information (i.e., static variables). Information collected in the ICU (i.e., dynamic variables) increases explanation (by up to 5% [95% CI: 4–6%]), though not enough to counter poorer overall performance in longer-stay (>5.75 days) patients. Highest-contributing variables include physician-based prognoses, CT features, and markers of neurological function. Whilst static information currently accounts for the majority of functional outcome explanation after TBI, data-driven analysis highlights investigative avenues to improve the dynamic characterisation of longer-stay patients. Moreover, our modelling strategy proves useful for converting large patient records into interpretable time series with missing data integration and minimal processing.
wMel Wolbachia alters female post-mating behaviors and physiology in the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Osorio Jessica , Villa-Arias Sara , Camargo Carolina , Ramírez-Sánchez Luis Felipe , Barrientos Luisa María , Bedoya Carolina , Rúa-Uribe Guillermo , Dorus Steve , Alfonso-Parra Catalina , Avila Frank W.
Published: August 2023

Globally invasive Aedes aegypti disseminate numerous arboviruses that impact human health. One promising method to control Ae. aegypti populations is transinfection with Wolbachia pipientis, which naturally infects ~40–52% of insects but not Ae. aegypti. Transinfection of Ae. aegypti with the wMel Wolbachia strain induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), allows infected individuals to invade native populations, and inhibits transmission of medically relevant arboviruses by females. Female insects undergo post-mating physiological and behavioral changes—referred to as the female post-mating response (PMR)—required for optimal fertility. PMRs are typically elicited by male seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) transferred with sperm during mating but can be modified by other factors, including microbiome composition. Wolbachia has modest effects on Ae. aegypti fertility, but its influence on other PMRs is unknown. Here, we show that Wolbachia influences female fecundity, fertility, and re-mating incidence and significantly extends the longevity of virgin females. Using proteomic methods to examine the seminal proteome of infected males, we found that Wolbachia moderately affects SFP composition. However, we identified 125 paternally transferred Wolbachia proteins, but the CI factor proteins (Cifs) were not among them. Our findings indicate that Wolbachia infection of Ae. aegypti alters female PMRs, potentially influencing control programs that utilize Wolbachia-infected individuals.
Nonvolatile magnetization switching in a single-layer magnetic topological insulator
Authors: Sun Huimin , Liu Yizhou , Huang Daiqiang , Fu Yu , Huang Yu , He Mengyun , Luo Xuming , Song Wenjie , Liu Yang , Yu Guoqiang , He Qing Lin
Published: August 2023

Magnetization in a ferromagnetic layer could be manipulated by the spin-orbit torque whose generation commonly relies on the spin-orbit coupling from the adjacent heavy-metal layer within the bilayer. The fact that the magnetic topological insulator possesses both the ferromagnetic order with perpendicular anisotropy and inherent spin-orbit coupling inspires to realize such a torque-induced magnetization switching without forming any heterostructure with other materials. Here, only using a single layer of magnetically-doped topological insulator Cr:(Bi,Sb)2Te3, we realize a magnetization switching only by applying a large dc current. Assisted by the magnetic history, such a switching behaves nonvolatile under zero field but becomes volatile otherwise, as consistently shown by magnetoelectric transports and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. Static and quasistatic current are found to be equivalent for the switching. We propose that this switching may associate with the torque resulted from the spin-orbit coupling and the compositional asymmetry in the Cr-profile of the single layer.
A label-free fluorescent sensor for rapid and sensitive detection of ctDNA based on fluorescent PDA nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Xiao , Huang Yang , Yang Siyi , Tang Miao , Liu Juan , Shen Jinhui , Fa Huanbao , Huo Danqun , Hou Changjun , Yang Mei
Published: August 2023

Technological advances in the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have made new options available for diagnosis, classification, biological studies, and treatment selection.
Sericin nano-gel agglomerates mimicking the pericellular matrix induce the condensation of mesenchymal stem cells and trigger cartilage micro-tissue formation without exogenous stimulation of growth factorsin vitro
Authors: Zhang Qing , Zhou Wei , Yang Futing , Shi Jifeng
Published: August 2023

Soft agglomerates composed of sericin nano-gels induced MSCs to assemble into aggregations and direct them to differentiate into chondrocytes without extra stimulation.
Highly chemoselective homologative assembly of the α-substituted methylsulfinamide motif from N-sulfinylamines
Authors: Malik Monika , Senatore Raffaele , Castiglione Davide , Roller-Prado Alexander , Pace Vittorio
Published: August 2023

α-Substituted methylsulfinamide are prepared through the homologation of electrophilic N-sulfinylamines with Li-CHXY reagents.
Effect of strand register in the stability and reactivity of crystals from peptides forming amyloid fibrils
Authors: Muñoz-Gutiérrez Camila , Adasme-Carreño Francisco , Alzate-Morales Jans , Ireta Joel
Published: August 2023

Strand-register dictates stability and reactivity of segment aggregates from the human islet amyloid polypeptide.
Computational analysis of the vibrational spectra and structure of aqueous cytosine
Authors: Katsyuba Sergey A. , Burganov Timur I.
Published: August 2023

The inclusion of 30 explicit water molecules in the quantum chemical model of aqueous cytosine is sufficient to reproduce relative intensities and positions of the IR and Raman bands in the spectra of cytosine and cytosine-d3.
Indirect design of OCM catalysts through machine learning of catalyst surface oxygen species
Authors: Nishino Fumiya , Yoshida Hiroshi , Machida Masato , Nishimura Shun , Takahashi Keisuke , Ohyama Junya
Published: August 2023

Catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) were designed through machine learning of a property of surface oxygen species on the basis of the knowledge that catalytic performance for the OCM is affected by catalyst surface oxygen species.
Delineating the role of surface grafting density of organic coatings on the colloidal stability, transport, and sorbent behavior of engineered nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Junseok , Kim Changwoo , Schmucker Daniel , Lee Seung Soo Steve , Liao Shuchi , Cápiro Natalie L. , Pennell Kurt D. , Fortner John D.
Published: August 2023

Aqueous stability and sorption affinity (towards target environmental contaminants) of engineered nanoparticles, composed of inorganic nanoparticles and surface stabilizers, are dependent on surface grafting density.
Morphology, dynamic disorder, and charge transport in an indoloindole-based hole-transporting material from a multi-level theoretical approach
Authors: Pérez-Escribano Manuel , Fernández-Alarcón Alberto , Ortí Enrique , Aragó Juan , Cerdá Jesús , Calbo Joaquín
Published: August 2023

A multi-level theoretical protocol is developed to characterize the charge transport of a novel indoloindole-based hole-transporting material. The implications of molecular shape, dynamic disorder and amorphousness on the hole mobilities are discussed.
Characterization and biological function analysis of endogenous peptides derived from donkey colostrum proteins
Authors: Ning Jianting , Li Mohan , Chen Weiyan , Yang Mei , Chen Jiali , Luo Xue , Yue Xiqing
Published: August 2023

4D label-free technique reveals that donkey colostrum is rich in endogenous bioactive peptides and parent proteins that have key biological functions.
Additive manufacturing leveraged microfluidic setup for sample to answer colorimetric detection of pathogens
Authors: Yedire Sripadh Guptha , Hosseini Imman Isaac , Shieh Hamed , Khorrami Jahromi Arash , AbdelFatah Tamer , Jalali Mahsa , Mahshid Sara
Published: August 2023

Additive manufacturing leveraged automated sample-answer microfluidic setup for colorimetric detection of pathogen.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of diaminopyrimidine derivatives as novel focal adhesion kinase inhibitors
Authors: Sun Yixiang , Gao Zixuan , Wang Ruifeng , Zhang Guoqi , Wu Tianxiao , Yin Wenbo , Sun Yin , Qin Qiaohua , Zhao Dongmei , Cheng Maosheng
Published: August 2023

We designed and synthesized a series of novel diaminopyrimidine compounds as FAK inhibitors. Among them, A12 could be used as a valuable lead compound for the discovery of novel FAK-targeted anticancer drugs.
Ductile amorphous boron nitride microribbons
Authors: Zhu Mengya , Zhou Jingzhuo , He Zezhou , Zhang Yang , Wu Hao , Chen Juzheng , Zhu Yinbo , Hou Yuan , Wu Hengan , Lu Yang
Published: August 2023

Through in situ mechanical testing, amorphous boron nitride (a-BN) microribbons can show substantial tensile ductility, with a maximum fracture elongation of more than 50% and flaw-tolerance behaviour.
The antioxidant activity of tetrahydrofuran lignans from Anogeissus rivularis: theoretical insights into the radical scavenging activity and enzyme inhibition
Authors: Vo Quan V. , Thi Hoa Nguyen , Thong Nguyen Minh , Nam Pham Cam , Quang Duong Tuan , Hien Nguyen Khoa , Mechler Adam
Published: August 2023

Tetrahydrofuran lignans, derived from Anogeissus rivularis, are predicted to be promising radical scavengers in physiological environments.
Self-powered PtNi-polyaniline films for converting rain energy into electricity
Authors: Wang Yingli , Duan Jialong , Guo Qiyao , Zhao Yuanyuan , Yang Xiya , Tang Qunwei
Published: August 2023

Self-powered PtNi-polyaniline films are made to harvest rain energy.
Extraction of rare earth elements from aqueous solutions using the ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate
Authors: Gradwohl Andreas , Windisch Jakob , Weissensteiner Matthias , Keppler Bernhard K. , Kandioller Wolfgang , Jirsa Franz
Published: August 2023

The task-specific ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, [P66614][HNA], was successfully used to extract Ce, Nd and Lu from aqueous solutions. High nitrate concentrations had a strong positive impact on extraction.
Locally induced shockwaves for selective perforation of cargo loaded lipid vesicles with temporal and spatial control
Authors: Derganc Jure , Zemljič-Jokhadar Špela , Majaron Boris , Kokot Gašper
Published: August 2023

Controlled poration of lipid membranes is crucial for numerous biomimetic applications such as targeted drug delivery.
Degradation of organic pollutants through activating bisulfite with lanthanum ferrite-loaded biomass carbon
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Li Yao , Liu Yiqing , Zhou Runyu , Fu Yongsheng , Chen Junmin
Published: August 2023

Possible mechanism for BS activation by BC@LF.
Reservoir computing with the electrochemical formation and reduction of gold oxide in aqueous solutions with a three-electrode electrochemical setup
Authors: Yamada Ryo , Watanabe Shuto , Tada Hirokazu
Published: August 2023

Supervised classification of handwritten digits via physical reservoir computing (PRC) using electrochemistry with a three-electrode electrochemical setup was demonstrated.
Salivary endotoxin detection using combined mono/polyclonal antibody-based sandwich-type lateral flow immunoassay device
Authors: Han Daewoo , Xie Sancai , Steckl Andrew J.
Published: August 2023

A point-of-care/use lateral flow assay (LFA) is reported for the detection of P. gingivalis endotoxin, a major saliva biomarker for oral health.
Reforming material chemistry of CIGS solar cells via a precise Ag doping strategy
Authors: Hwang Jiseon , Park Ha Kyung , Shin Donghyeop , Jung Inyoung , Hwang Inchan , Eo Young-Joo , Cho Ara , Park Joo Hyung , Song Soomin , Cho Yunae , Gwak Jihye , Jang Hyo Sik , Jo William , Kim Kihwan
Published: August 2023

The addition of small amounts of Ag to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorbers improves the device performance of CIGS solar cells by changing the film microstructure, alkali distribution, and electrostatic conditions of CIGS.
Diffusion of bulky organic cations in the 3D/2D heterostructures to form interfacial quasi-2D (N2) phase for tin perovskite solar cells
Authors: Seetharaman Ashank , Narra Sudhakar , Rajamanickam Parameswaran , Putikam Raghunath , Lin Ming-Chang , Wei-Guang Diau Eric
Published: August 2023

A simple forceps-assisted pressing of two thin films with E1 (3D) and N1 (2D) phases to build multilayered perovskite heterostructures for lead-free perovskite solar cell application.
Decoupling the contributions of industrially relevant conditions to the stability of binary and ternary FeNi-based catalysts for alkaline water oxidation
Authors: Xiao Yang , Dastafkan Kamran , Su Zhen , Rong Chengli , Zhao Chuan
Published: August 2023

Decoupling the industrially relevant conditions simulating the electrolytic conditions in alkaline water electrolysers reveals a larger stability decay for ternary FeNiCr hydroxides as a promoted catalyst for water oxidation compared to binary FeNi.
Multisite synergistic-modulating elementary steps for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution via NiCu/NiMoOx nanocomposites
Authors: Li Haiyao , Li Zhimin , Li Zhishan , Zhang Zhengfu , Li Chengping , Wang Jinsong
Published: August 2023

Synergistically optimized OHads and Hads adsorption by multi-component NiCu/MoOx heterostructure to obtains excellent alkaline HER with a small overpotential of 14 mV at 10 mA cm−2.
A novel strategy for dramatically improving catalytic performance for light-driven thermocatalytic CO2 reduction with CH4 on Ru/MgO: the CO2 molecular fencing effect promoted by photoactivation
Authors: Cao Huamin , Li Yuanzhi , Hu Qianqian , Wu Jichun , Ji Lei
Published: August 2023

A novel strategy of CO2 molecular fencing effect promoted by photoactivation via preparing a nanocomposite of Ru nanoparticles supported on MgO is developed to significantly enhance fuel production rates and light-to-fuel efficiency, and completely prohibit coking for photothermocatalytic DRM.
Unifying CO2-to-fuel and biomass valorization over a metal-free 2D carbon nitride-fullerene heterostructure: a solar-driven chemical circular economy
Authors: Chauhan Deepak Kumar , Verma Anjali , Jain Ayushi , Saini Neha , Prajapati Pankaj Kumar , Bera Chandan , Kailasam Kamalakannan
Published: August 2023

Metal-free biomass alcohol oxidation in synergy with CO fuel production.
Bioinspired mechanically stable all-polysaccharide based scaffold for photosynthetic production
Authors: Virkkala Tuuli , Kosourov Sergey , Rissanen Ville , Siitonen Vilja , Arola Suvi , Allahverdiyeva Yagut , Tammelin Tekla
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate the construction of hydrogel scaffolds for photosynthetic ethylene production using a bioinspired design combining TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) and a cereal plant hemicellulose called mixed-linkage glucan (MLG).
Anti-inflammatory role of gold nanoparticles in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Aili Munire , Zhou Kebing , Zhan Jun , Zheng Huaping , Luo Feng
Published: August 2023

In Alzheimer's disease, AuNPs may reduce neuroinflammation by induction of macrophage polarization, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, restraint of leukocyte adhesion, and reduction of oxidative stress.
Synthesis of SiO2@Ag for light absorption and the fabrication of highly color-saturated amorphous photonic crystals
Authors: Chi Congcong , Qu Panpan , Xu Xin , Xian Jiarong , Zhang Danjie , Li Jiahao , Ren Jiangxue , Xu Xinggen , Chen Honglei
Published: August 2023

A novel APC structural color film with excellent color visibility and color saturation is fabricated through the layer-by-layer self-assembly of SiO2@Ag and SiO2 microspheres.
A plasmonic hetero-structure using charge transfer effect improved LSPR for enhanced up-conversion luminescence
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Yuheng , Yan Jun , Wu Yuting , Xu Yusheng , Liao Yihui , Yang Yong , Zhou Dacheng , Wang Qi , Qiu JianBei
Published: August 2023

A composite heterostructure of Au/D-MoS2 has been designed for a charge transfer LSPR modulator for enhanced upconversion luminescence.
Towards a fast machine-learning-assisted prediction of the mechanoelectric response in organic crystals
Authors: Padula Daniele , Barneschi Leonardo , Peluso Andrea , Cinaglia Tommaso , Landi Alessandro
Published: August 2023

A protocol combining molecular dynamics, density functional theory, machine learning, and kinetic Monte Carlo accurately predicts the dependence of charge mobility on mechanical deformations for organic semiconductors.
Plasmon-enhanced photoresponse and stability of a CsPbBr3 microwire/GaN heterojunction photodetector with surface-modified Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Lin Chengxin , Wan Peng , Yang Bingwang , Shi Daning , Kan Caixia , Jiang Mingming
Published: August 2023

We provide valuable design guidance to construct a n-AgNPs@CsPbBr3 MW/p-GaN heterojunction broadband photodetector with excellent sensitivity and stability.
Highly stretchable and elastic PEDOT:PSS helix fibers enabled wearable sensors
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhu Jiadeng , Wei Zhongrui , Chen Ziwei , Zhu Chunhong , Gao Qiang , Gao Chunxia
Published: August 2023

A self-helical PEDOT:PSS fiber with a high breaking tensile elongation (950%), superior electrical conductivity (650 S cm−1), and remarkable elasticity (400%) was successfully prepared and reveals promising application in wearable electronics.
Synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels modified by magnetic Fe3O4/Fe/C frameworks as excellent dual-band electromagnetic absorbers
Authors: Liu Baohua , Xu Jing , Shu Ruiwen
Published: August 2023

Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/iron/carbon composite aerogels were prepared, which had a unique three-dimensional porous network structure and excellent dual-band electromagnetic absorption performance.
The crucial role of non-conjugated functional groups in the triplet manipulation of heterocycle aromaticity hot exciton materials
Authors: Guo Shaoting , Wang Long , Tian Xiangbin , Zhao Zhenxiang , Wang Hua
Published: August 2023

Beyond steric effect, non-conjugated functional groups play a crucial role in triplet manipulation of heterocylce aromaticity hot exciton material. A series of new blue-emitting molecules were successfully fabricated with high luminous efficiency.
A Technique for Automatic Tubing Occlusion in Response to Air Bubble Detection When Using a Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Paulsen A. William , Hargadine William L. , Lambert Gregg S. , Long Arlen C.
Published: August 2023

A double acting pneumatically powered cylinder, energized by an electrically activated solenoid valve, is used to occlude the outflow line from a Bio-Medicus (a) constrained vortex pump. The cylinder is mounted on a tubing guide that is fastened to a pole clamp. A Sarns (b) air bubble detector, placed on the pump inflow line is used to provide the signal to activate the solenoid valve. The outflow occluder is capable of 100% occlusion of 3/8 × 3/32 inch Tygon tubing up to pressures of 2586 mmHg. The occluder system is able to work with many types of bubble detectors and is applicable to any form of nonocclusive pump.
Altered Hemodynamic Response To Epinephrine Before and During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Man
Authors: Baraka Anis , Baroody Maurice , Haroun Sania , Idriss Asma
Published: August 2023

The hemodynamic response to epinephrine was investigated in 10 patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Prior to bypass, the intravenous injections of epinephrine 10 μg increased the mean arterial pressure by 32.6 ± 5.1% associated, with a significant increase of the cardiac output, while the systemic vascular resistance did not show a significant change. In contrast, injection of the same dose of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp only produced 17.9 ± 8.9% increase of mean arterial pressure associated with a corresponding increase of systemic vascular resistance. The results suggest that the pressor response to epinephrine is significantly lower during bypass as compared to the pre-bypass period.
Arterial-Venous Perfusion Without Anticoagulation: The Impeller Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Vertrees Roger A. , Yu Yan , Wacker Charles , Cernaianu Aurel C. , DelRossi Anthony J.
Published: August 2023

A study was designed to test the effects of the absence of anticoagulation in the extracorporeal circuit. Five swine were subjected to this experiment utilizing the impeller centrifugal pump during which neither heparin nor any other anicoagulant was used. The extracorporeal circuit consisted of polyvinylchloride tubing, a Centri-Med®pump and an external stainless steel heat exchanger that was primed with albuminized Ringer's solution. An arterial-venous circuit was employed with oxygenation supplied from the subject's lungs.

A series of blood aliquots were analyzed for coagulation at various times throughout the procedure. Following total body cooling using topically applied ice water, the subjects were rewarmed utilizing bypass. Within 10 minutes after the initiation of bypass, the circuits became clotted, rendering perfusion and subsequent warming ineffective.

The lab values indicated that intrinsically activated coagulation occurred upon exposure to the extracorporeal apparatus. Flow visualization studies revealed a source of stagnant blood flow in the area around the hub of the pump head. Blood clot was similarly located in this area, with clot extension throughout the return circuit being realized.

It is imperative that areas of stagnation be eliminated from extracorporeal circuits, since they may be potential sites for clot formation.
Effect of Hypothermia on Arterial Versus Venous Blood Gases During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Man
Authors: Baraka Anis , Haroun Sania , Baroody Maurice , Dabbous Aliya , Siddik Sahar , Sibai Abla
Published: August 2023

The effect of moderate hypothermia on arterial versus venous blood gases was investigated in 11 patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. The pump and oxygen flows were maintained at a constant flow of 2.4 L/m2/min throughout bypass. After going on bypass, the central venous blood temperature was dropped to 27.8 ± 0.6°C, and after surgery was completed the patients were rewarmed to 37.0°C. Arterial and venous blood gases were sampled simultaneously from the arterial outlet and the venous inlet lines of the oxygenator every two degrees of temperature change until37°C was reached. The effect of temperature changes on pCO2 simulated the alpha-stat strategy of acid-base regulation; the temperature-corrected arterial and venous pCO2 varied directly and the corrected pH varied inversely with body temperature, while the uncorrected pCO2 and pH did not show a significant changE- with changes of body temperature. The arterial pO2 whether corrected or uncorrected, as well as the venous oxygen saturation and the uncorrected venous pO2, significantly increased with each increment decrease of body temperature. However, the corrected venous pO2 did not significantly change with changes of body temperature. The report suggests that maintenance of constant perfusion and oxygen flows at normothermic levels during hypothermic cardiopulmonay bypass will maintain a constant carbon dioxide content and a constant corrected venous pO2.
An Introduction to Quality Assurance with an Application for Perfusionists
Authors: Eagle Chris J. , Davies Jan M. , McCloskey Brian
Published: August 2023

Cardiovascular perfusionists have always been interested in quality assurance (QA), most often in the form of equipment maintenance and record keeping. However, these activities have tended to be fragmented. In an attempt to define a more global approach to QA, basic concepts are identified and the steps used to start a formal QA program are illustrated.

In the usual approach to QA, three areas are commonly assessed: Structure, Process, and Outcome. Structure evaluates the adequacy of facilities and personnel. Process involves review of the activities concerned with the management of patients. Outcome represents evaluation of the end points of care.

In starting our formal QA program, five steps were delineated. These were planning the program, setting up an administration, assessing preexisting activities, initiating the program, and finally evaluating results. A QA specialist helped to define a number of concerns about perfusion from perfusionists, surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nurses. Using a standard approach to QA, these areas were defined according to Structure, Process, and Outcome.
Does Oxygenator Type Affect Postoperative Care Charges?
Authors: Hiratzka Loren F. , Kenrich David , Laskarewski Peter , Flege John B. , Mitts Donald L. , Callard George M. , Wolf Randall K. , Robinson John R. , Wright Creighton B. , Will Raymond J.
Published: August 2023

The impact of newer and more expensive technologies upon the cost of cardiac surgery is a growing concern. It has been suggested that membrane oxygenators of a variety of types have differenct characteristics which may affect patient outcome and the postoperative course and thus the cost of care.

Three hundred and sixteen patients were prospectively randomized to one of three membrane oxygenators (MO) to examine the impact upon postoperative care charges. There were no differences between groups in a variety of preoperative variables.

There was a trend (not statistically significant) toward lower ventilator time, respiratory care related charges and intensive care unit stay and thus total postoperative care charges associated with the sue of rolled silicone sheet MO compared with microporous polypropylene hollow fiber or microporous polypropylene folded sheet MO. Design-related advantages and disadvantages were noted by perfusionists depending upon the type of surgical procedure performed.

Studies examining the impact of high cost technology upon patient care will be required as concerns about the overall cost of medical care grow.
Pre-Assembled Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuits – An Innovative Utilization of Evolving Technology
Authors: Courtney Pat H. , Wansley Donald E. , Peacock Henry E. , Warren E. Taliaferro , Heath Bobby J.
Published: August 2023

With the recent Federal Drug Administration approval of preassembled circuits for percutaneous bypass, a new era of safety, cost effectiveness and time management has become possible.

By utilizing this new technology in a traditional heart/lung circuit, it is now possible to have a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit available for preset up that meets long term sterility requirements, reduces the opportunity of contamination, addresses the situation of cancelled procedures, and allows for the heart/lung machine to be “ready” more expeditiously.

All of this is achieved with a cost factor of less than the individual components of a bypass circuit.
Evaluation of Complement Activation on Cardiopulmonary Bypass and in Retransfused Oxygenator and Shed Mediastinal Blood
Authors: Walpoth B.H. , Nikles M. , Spaeth P.J. , Nydegger U.E. , Althaus U.
Published: August 2023

Several methods of blood salvage are used in cardiac surgery. Our aim was to study, on the basis of complement activation, the quality of autologous blood products reinfused to the patient. Eleven patients with elective myocardial revascularisation were studied for: operative and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) data, hematology, blood chemistry and complement activation (C3a [des Arg] and terminal complement complex [TCC] or C5b-9 complex). Centrifugated oxygenator blood (COB) and shed mediastinal blood (SMB) samples were examined before reinfusion into the patient and the effect of this retransfusion on the systemic values.

The activation pattern for C3a [des Arg] and TCC was similar. Thus only evaluation of C3a [des Arg] is reported.

Anesthesia increased C3a [des Arg] two fold over baseline (85 +/- 64 vs. 161 +/-103 ng/ml [standardised]; ns).

Accumulation of complement activation at 1 hr on CPB was 12 fold over baseline for C3a [des Arg]; 1984 +/- 677 ng/ml [standardised]; p< 0.01).

C3a [des Arg] in COB and in SMB were 5002 +/- 2027 and 4910 +/-1985 ng/ml [standardised], respectively.

However, after retransfusion of each autologous blood product no further increase in anaphylatoxin concentration could be detected in the patient's blood.

We conclude that despite complement activation in reinfused autologous blood products no further increase is seen in the patient's circulation. This is explained either by the very potent clearing capacity of the body or the rapid absorption of C3a [des Arg] by cellular receptors.
An Investigation of the Communication and Task Relationships Between Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Providers and Cardiopulmonary Perfusionists During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Depas Laura L. , Beckley Philip D.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine if a potential risk exists to patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) due to failures in communication and task relationships between the cardiothoracic anesthesis provider (CAP) and the cardiopulmonary perfusionist (CPP). Survey data was gathered to identify the current protocol and practice interaction of the CAP and the CPP during CPB. Additionally, questions were asked to determine potential problems between the two groups and the known risks to the patient. Tabulation of data showed that the majority of both groups do not perceive a problem with task assignments or a significant risk to patient morbidity or mortality. However, disagreement on certain problems inherent to this relationship are apparent in the data. For example, the use of anesthesiology relief, the lack of knowledge about perfusion practice, and the lack of knowledge about emergency procedures were identified as problems experienced in the workplace. In addition, paired data obtained from matched respondents suggested different perceptions about task assignments and the number of problems inherent in this relationship.
Ultrafiltration in Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Procedures
Authors: Han You Qi , Zhu De Ming , Su Zhou Kong , Ding Wen Xiang
Published: August 2023

Ultrafiltration is an extracorporeal technique that employs the principle of convective solution transport across a semipermeable membrane and by which plasma water is removed from the dilute blood during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ultrafiltration has been used in 40 pediatric cases who underwent corrective surgery for congenital heart disease (TOF 12, VSD 23, ASD 4 and PAVC 1) intraoperatively. The patients' ages ranged from 10months to 9 years (4.9±2.6yrs)and weights from 7 to 28kgs (16.4±5.8 kgs). The ultrafiltrator was interposed in the port of arterial filter of the CPB circuit and performed during the rewarming period. Ultrafiltration blood flow rate was 250-300 ml/ min and negative pressure was less than -250 mmHg. The average ultrafiltrability (total blood flow volume/ultrafiltration fluid volume) was 11.2%(10.7-12.1%). After ultrafiltration HCT increased from 16.1 %(15-18%) to 34.7%(32-40%). In the ICU, 5 cases (TOF 3, VSD 1 and ASD 1) had hemoglobinuria.

The indications of ultrafiltration in pediatric cardiac surgery are: 1. The initial perfusion is conducted with bloodless priming or with blood priming when the HCT value dropped to lower than 17% during CPB. 2. The CPB time is longer than 2 hours. 3. The patient receives digoxin and diuretics preoperatively or has complex anomals.

Our experience showed that ultrafiltration during pediatric CPB is facile, safe, and effective. It may result in a reduced amount of fluid accumulation in extracellular fluid space with hemodilution perfusion which benefits the patients postoperative recovery.

Hemoconcentration of dilute blood during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) by plasma water removal is an extracorporeal technique application by ultrafiltration during the pediatric open-heart surgery. Usually after CPB, especially in infant cases, the residual pump blood volume is much more than the acceptable volume for postoperative transfusion. Therefore, the transfusing of large volumes of dilute blood with low colloid oncotic pressure to the patient may cause circulatory overload with normovolumic anemia and result in significant fluid diffusion into interstitial space. In order to save the residual pump blood and reduce such ill effects and complications, we applied ultrafiltration on 40 pediatric cases during open-heart surgical procedures. Our clinical data, ultrafiltration application indications and recommended procedures are now presented.
Estimation of Fibrinogen Concentration During Extracorporeal Circulation in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ecklund J.M. , Riley J.B. , Sutton R.G. , Crawford F.A. , Sade R.M.
Published: August 2023

Maintenance of adequate fibrinogen levels during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is important in assuring adequate post-CPB hemostasis. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is used in the pediatric CPB circuit as a prime constituent as a source of coagulation factors, including fibrinogen; yet the resultant on-CPB fibrinogen concentration is related to multiple factors.

Accurate formulas for predicting post-dilutional fibrinogen levels and the minimal FFP volume to prime the extracorporeal circuit (ECC) to maintain post-dilutional fibrinogen levels greater than 100 mg/ dL were developed prospectively from seventy-five infant and pediatric patients. The patients weighed less than twenty-five kilograms and underwent CPB for the correction of various congenital cardiac anomalies. Variables expected to affect fibrinogen level were: height, weight, body surface area, pre-dilutional hematocrit, pre-dilutional fibrinogen concentration, patient circulating blood volume, circuit priming volume, FFP volume added to the prime pre-CPB, pre-CPB blood loss, and volume added by anesthesia pre-CPB.

Equations to predict the post-dilutional fibrinogen value and the minimal volume of FFP to add to the ECC prime were formulated using multiple linear regression with the results shown in the tables below.

VARIABLE
REG COEF
STD ERROR
2TAIL SIG

Dependent variable: Post-dilutional fibrinogen value

PRIME VOL
0.06
0.02
0.001

FFP VOL
0.05
0.02
0.011

INTERCEPT
29.37
17.10
0.090

r = 0.477, p = 0.0001, std error = 24.38 mg/dL

Dependent variable: Minimal FFP volume to add to prime

WEIGHT
-17.19
3.38
<0.001

PRE-HCT
5.25
1.54
0.001

PRE-FIB
-1.58
0.24
<0.001

PRIME VOL
0.42
0.11
<0.001

ACTUAL FIB
1.02
0.50
0.044

INTERCEPT
36.80
111.38
0.742

r = 0.777, p < 0.001, std error = 106.04 ml

Utilization of the formula for predicting the quantity of FFP necessary to achieve a minimum circulating fibrinogen concentration revealed no significant difference when compared to actual levels on CPB. The clinical use of formulas which accurately estimate the volume of FFP necessary to optimize the post-dilutional concentration of coagulation factors may reduce patient exposure to unnecessary homologous blood products.
Heparin-Free Cardiopulmonary Support, Utilizing a Carmeda Coated Circuit, for a Patient with Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Multiple Trauma
Authors: Bennett John , Hill Jonathan , Bruhn Pamela , Long William , Parsons James
Published: August 2023

The emergent use of closed-chest cardiopulmonary support to resuscitate and support moribund patients in cardiac and/ or pulmonary failure has been well documented. However, when massive trauma is associated with this pathology, contraindictaing systemic anticoagulation, this patient population becomes unapproachable utilizing "standard" bypass support equipment.

Studies of heparinized surface coatings have shown a reduction in complement and platelet activation and an increase in thromboresistance when compared to standard cardiopulmonary bypass circuits. To date, heparin-free cardiopulmonary bypass utilizing heparinized surfaces had only been attempted on animal models.

We present the first reported human application of heparin-free cardio pulmonary support utilizing a heparin-coated circuit on a 26-year-old male who developed severe pulmonary hemorrhage after sustaining massive lung contusion and other multiple injuries in an industrial accident.
A Prospective Analysis of Creatinine Clearance During ECMO and Ultrafiltration
Authors: Shannon Thomas , Truog Robert , Harmon William , Fackler James
Published: August 2023

Ultrafiltration (UF) during neonatal ECMO was shown not to impair renal function in our retrospective review of 17 patients from 1986-1988. Creatinine production (UV) was assumed to be 10 mg/kg/ day for creatinine clearance (CrCl) calculations. To validate this assumption and to better understand renal function during ECMO, CrCl was measured prospectively on 27 non-surgical neonates. Seven patients required hemofiltration for fluid management. TypicalUFrateswere3-10ml/kg/hour. Two patients were excluded from analysis secondary to pre-existing renal disease. Renal CrCl was defined as UV /P where U=urine creatinine (mg/dl/24h), V =urine volume (ml/24h) and P=plasma creatinine (mg/ dl). In 20 control patients who did not receive UF, UV or creatinine excretion was 11.6+0.4mg/kg/24h (mean+SEM). No significant change over time was seen in mean CrCl of the control group. The UF group, however, demonstrated a steady decrease in mean CrCl. CrCl on the fourth day before the start of UF was significantly higher (P=0.05) than day three of UF. In conclusion: 1) the assumption of UV used in the retrospective study was supported; 2) CrCl decreases during UF; 3) the consistency of CrCl in the control population suggests no alteration in glomerular filtration during ECMO runs of 3-8 days.
Correlation of Whole-Body Oxygen Consumption with Mixed Venous Blood Temperature During Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Man
Authors: Baraka Anis , Siddik Sahar , Taha Samar , Sibai Abla , El-Khatib Rania
Published: August 2023

The correlation between whole-body oxygen consumption and mixed venous blood temperature was investigated in ten adult patients during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. The perfusion flow was maintained constant at 2.4 L/min/m2 during cooling and rewarming. Mixed venous blood temperature was continuously monitored during bypass at the venous inlet of the oxygenator. The mixed venous blood temperature was decreased to 25-28°C. During rewarming, at every two degree increase in temperature, blood samples were withdrawn simultaneously from the arterial and venous ports of the oxygenator for blood gas analysis. Whole body oxygen consumption (arterial-venous oxygen content difference multiplied by the perfusion index) was calculated at the different mixed venous blood temperatures. The whole-body oxygen consumption showed a linear correlation with the venous blood temperature on a semi-logarithmic scale. The Q10 (the ratio of oxygen consumption at two temperatures separated by 10°C) was approximately 2.0, which is in agreement with Van’t Hoff’ s rule describing the effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction.