bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ważki i Zagłada
Authors: Kuczyńska-Koschany Katarzyna
Published: December 2017

Dragonflies and HolocaustThe dragonflies occupy a special place in Jerzy Ficowski’s poetic universe. The Holocaust occupies a special place in his poetic reflection. These two dominant factors were not put together so far, but they should be after multiple readings and analyzes of the works of the author of Reading of the Ashes [Odczytanie popiołów], but also due to the new trends in the study of the history of the Holocaust. My hypothesis is, that Jerzy Ficowski has written organic history of the Holocaust long before it was taught and practiced by the Holocaust specialists. As a literary scholar, poet’s interpreter, I tried to thoroughly analyze the poems, and inform about these precursory poetic notes of the author. This anticipation is significant and perceived in the collective imaginarium. The dragonflies have been living in the world for 325 million years (they are the world’s oldest insects), humans – also the creators of Extermination and experiencing the Holocaust – initiated their own species history less than 10 million years ago.Key words: Jerzy Ficowski; dragonfly; Jewish Holocaust; Polish poetry; interspecies sensitivity;
Odnajdując „wspólny język ognia”: Jerzy Ficowski wobec mistycyzmu żydowskiego (prolegomena)
Authors: Goczał Ewa
Published: December 2017

Finding the “common language of fire”: Jerzy Ficowski on Jewish mysticism (prolegomena) This article is an attempt to outline the relationship between the work of Jerzy Ficowski and the Jewish mystical thought that was brought in this paper to a kabbalistic element – a synthesis of components considered basic for two great currents of the non-orthodox Judaism: Kabbalah and Hasidism. At the level of content they consist of the motifs of the Book, Word and Letter, Angels and Light, the messianic topos of the Just, cosmogonic and eschatological myths, as well as specific, non-linear recognition of time – which are strongly present in the poetry of the author of the Regions of the Great Heresy. At the level of structure there are noticeable the emanation model and the duality of language and imagination, of matter and spirituality – diametrically different elements, yet gravitating toward the ultimate unity. The text, containing references to translation and “Schulzian” output of Jerzy Ficowski, is focused on his poetry and is an introduction to its aspectual monograph.Key words: contemporary Polish poetry; Jerzy Ficowski; Jewish mysticism; Kabbalah; Hasidism;
HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI SUSU DAN KALSIUM DENGAN DENSITAS TULANG DAN TINGGI BADAN REMAJA
Authors: Hardinsyah Hardinsyah , Damayanthi Evy , Zulianti Wirna
Published: December 2017

 The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between milk and calcium intake with body height and bone density of adolescent. The study applied a cross sectional design to 246 senior high school students in Bogor. The subject aged 16-17 years old were selected purposively. Milk and calsium intake was derived from the food intake data collected by applying a semi-FFQ method for a week. Bone density (stiffness index) was measured by densitometer of achilles insight. The results of the study showed that the mean intake of milk was 170.7±136.3 ml/day with average frequency 6 times/week, and mean intake of calcium was 250.0±212.6 mg/day with contribution of milk was 44.0%. The mean stiffness index of subjects was 97.5±18.3; and the mean stiffness index of boys (104.4±18.9) was significantly higher than girls (92.9±16.3). The calcium intake of milk and calcium intake of calsium-rich foods of non milk was not correlated with the bone density and body height; but milk intake,  frequency and  length of milk intake were correlated with body height and bone density. This implies the important of milk intake in bone density and  linear growth of adolescent.
GAYA HIDUP, KONSUMSI SUPLEMEN, JAMU, TANAMAN OBAT, DAN STATUS KESEHATAN LANSIA DI KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Diana Rian , Roosita Katrin , Khomsan Ali
Published: December 2017

The objective of this research was to analize the correlation of life style, supplement consumption, traditional medice, medical plants, and health status of elderly at Bogor District. The research was conducted at Ciampea Sub-district, Bogor District, West Java, from June till December 2005 using cross sectional study design. The sample size was 90 elders (45 male and 45 female). The result indicated that 3.7% sample was smoker, 17.8% sample had sport habit, and 42.2% sample had leisure activity. Only 6.7% sample consumed supplement, meanwhile the consumption of traditional medicine was 53.3% and medical plants 48.9%. The common diseases were hypertension, rheumatic and gout. The sample had a lot af health complain such as not feeling well, anemia, headache, and loin pain. Based on blood pressure measurement, 45.5% sample suffered from hypertension. The elders sport activity was negatively correlated with loin pain (p<0.05), meanwhile supplement consumption was positively correlated with constipation (p<0.01). Traditional medicine had a positive correlation with age (p<0.01) and negative correlation with loin pain (p<0.05). Medical plants had a positive correlation with decreased appetite (p<0.01), chewing difficulties (p<0.01) and decreased sense of smell (p<0.01).
KEBIASAAN MAKAN DAN PENGETAHUAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA PUTRI PESERTA PUSAT INFORMASI DAN KONSELING KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA (PIK-KRR)
Authors: Thamrin M. Husni , Kusharto Clara Meliyanti , Setiawan Budi
Published: December 2017

The aim of this research was to observe food habit and knowledge of reproduction health of female adolescence participants and non participants of Information Centre and Counseling of Adolescence  Reproduction Health (PIK-KRR) at SMU 1 Liwa and SMK 1 Liwa. Reproduction readiness in adolescence is influenced by physical readiness which is reflected from nutrition and health status and mental readiness in the form of adolescence perception about reproduction health. This research used cross sectional design. The site of the research is determined using purposive sampling. The SMU 1 Liwa was choosen because this school has PIK-KRR and most of the graduates continue their study to the higher level of education, and SMKN Liwa Lampung Barat was chosen because this school does not have PIK-KRR yet and most of the graduates do not continue their study. Spearman’s Correlation and t-test utilized to know whether there were any difference in each variable in SMU and SMK students. The results of the study show that, SMU female adolescence have better reproduction readiness than SMK female adolescence. Therefore it is important for female adolescence to get correct information about nutrition,  and reproduction health through formal or informal ways.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP MUTU DAN KEAMANAN PANGAN TEMPE DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Sulaeman Ahmad , Setiawan Budi
Published: December 2017

Food Law No. 7 1996 defined food security as a condition in which the fulfillment of food for the household is reflected by the availability of sufficient food both its quantity and quality, safe, evenly distributed and within reach; meanwhile, food quality is defined as the value determined base on the criteria of food safety, nutrition content and trade standard on food stuffs, catables and beverages. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of food quality and safety principles in the production of food product i.e tempeh at small scale industry in West Lampung. A survey on 15 selected tempeh producers was carried out using a structured questionnaire. Primary and secondary data was collected in this study through interview and observation to the 15 tempeh producers. In the general, all producers had not fully implemented food safety and quality principles as outlined in the GMP guideline. Nevertheless, the tempeh quality produced in West Lampung organoleptically was good. Several issues need to be improved i.e. cleaning raw material (soy bean), using water from safe sources, washing soy bean before and after braising, controlling small animal included mouse, and maintenance and cleany the premises.
GOAL PROGRAMMING: OPTIMALISASI KONSUMSI PANGAN BALITA PADA KELUARGA NELAYAN
Authors: Tanziha Ikeu
Published: December 2017

The objective of the study was to analyze food consumption optimalization for children under five years in poor families. The study design was a cross-sectional study.  Research was conducted in Grogol village, in the Gunung Jati sub district, Cirebon. Respondentswere all households that have lived in that  village for under five years.  The data collected include socio economic and demographic data, food expenditure and food intake. An Individual energy adequacy level was calculated by comparing actual intake to RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances). The goal programming method was applied to analyze food consumption optimalization. The results showed that there are 23 food types for consumption in combination for one week. Per capita food expenditure is Rp 4,194.- with Q1 as a lower level and Q3 as an upper level.  Goal programming is the solution giving adequate  energy and protein levels between 90-110%, and > 77% for vitamins and minerals.
NILAI INDEKS GLIKEMIK BEBERAPA JENIS PENGOLAHAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)
Authors: Amalia Sri Nur , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Dewi Mira
Published: December 2017

The implementation of glycemic index can be used as basis for selecting carbohydrate food source to enhance and or to maintain health.The objective the following study was to analyze the glycemic indices of sweet corn with three different cooking methods.  Glycemic index values of boiled, sauted and grilled sweet corn were 41.22, 31.08 and 55.31 respectively. Based on those results, grilled sweet corn was classified as food with medium glycemic index, whereas both of boiled and sauted sweet corn were classified as food with low glycemic index.
PENINGKATAN STATUS BESI DAN KEBUGARAN FISIK PEKERJA WANITA USIA SUBUR
Authors: Indriani Yaktiworo , Khomsan Ali , Sukandar Dadang , Riyadi Hadi , Zuraida Reni
Published: December 2017

The study aims were to (1) assess the nutritional status, adequacy level, and physical fitness of the nonpregnant reproductive female workers, and (2) analyze the effect of micronutrients supplementation on their iron status and physical fitness. This research employed experimental design of double blind, completely randomized design by involving 338 households of female workers. The experimental unit consists of 39 female workers whose hemoglobin level were 80-125 g/L. However, five of them were drop out due to pregnancy or sickness. The treatments applied in the study were three capsules containing: (1) iron and folic acid (BF), (2) multi-vitamin and mineral (MVM), which contains of 15 different vitamins and minerals, and (3) placebo (P). The body mass index of the female workers were thin 12 percent, normal 70 percent and overweight 18 percent. Most of their nutritional intake of vitamin C, calcium and iron were deficient but they had a good to superior of physical fitness. After 10 weeks of three days per week supplementation, BF significantly increased the hemoglobin (p<0.05) as 8.6 g/L and ferritin as 10.1 μg/L; while MVM only increased the hemoglobin as 6.8 g/L. The micronutrient supplements of BF and MVM groups could improve the physical fitness (VO2max) of the anemia famale workers by 13 percent and 14 percent.
Key words: female workers, iron status, physical fitness, iron folic acid, multi-vitamin and mineral
DETERMINAN GIZI KURANG DAN STUNTING ANAK UMUR 0 – 36 BULAN BERDASARKAN DATA PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH) 2007
Authors: Aries Muhammad , Hardinsyah Hardinsyah , Tuhiman Hendratno
Published: December 2017

The objective of this study was to analyze the determinant factors of nutritional status (weight/age and height/age) on children aged 0 – 36 month from the Conditional Cash Transfer Family Program (CCTFP) participants. This data was analised from the CFP survey at six provinces in 2007. The survey was conducted in six provinces in Indonesia (DKI Jakarta, West Java, East Java, North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, and East Nusa Tenggara). Numbers of samples were 9221. The study showed the protective factors of underweight (W/A) on children aged 0 – 36 month were being female (OR = 0.75; CI 95%:068-083), family received cash transfer or BLT (OR = 0.80; CI 95%:0.70-0.91) and family received food aids or Raskin (OR = 0.74; CI 95%:0.63 -0.88). Protective factor of stunting and severe stunting (H/A) children were being female (OR = 0.75; CI 95%:0.69-0.81), family received BLT (OR = 0.86; CI 95%:0.77-0.95) and Raskin (OR = 0.85; CI 95%:0.75 - 0.96).
Key words: Conditional Family Program, underweight, stunting, children 0–36 months, protective factor
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berbagai faktor determinan kejadian status gizi kurang (underweight)
dan pendek (stunting) pada batita (anak umur 0 – 36 bulan) yang berasal dari keluarga peserta Program
Keluarga Harapan/PKH. Data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini berasal dari survai PKH tahun 2007 yang dilaksanakan di enam propinsi (DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, dan Nusa Tenggara Timur) di Indonesia. Jumlah contoh dalam penelitian adalah sebanyak 9221 anak usia 0 – 36 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor protektif terhadap kejadian gizi kurang (underweight) pada anak usia 0 – 36 bulan adalah anak dengan jenis kelamin perempuan (OR = 0.75; CI 95%: 068-083), keluarga yang mendapatkan BLT (OR = 0.80; CI 95%: 0.70-0.91) dan yang mendapatkan Raskin (OR = 0.74; CI 95%:0.63-0.88). Faktor protektif untuk kejadian pendek dan sangat pendek (stunting) pada anak umur 0 – 36 bulan adalah jenis kelamin perempuan (OR = 0.75; CI 95%: 0.69-0.81), keluarga mendapatkan BLT (OR = 0.86; CI 95%: 0.77-0.95), dan mendapatkan Raskin (OR = 0.85; CI 95%: 0.75 -0.96).
ASUPAN KALSIUM, STATUS GIZI, TEKANAN DARAH DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KELUHAN SENDI LANSIA DI PANTI WERDHA BANDUNG
Authors: Triatmaja Nining Tyas , Khomsan Ali , Dewi Mira
Published: December 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of calcium intake, nutritional status, and blood pressure to joint pain among elderly in nursing homes in Bandung. The study design was cross-sectional study. Subjects were consisted of 12 elderly men and 69 elderly women from four nursing homes in Bandung. Most subjects had joint pain (59.3%), hypertension (30.9%), and were overweight (39.5%). There was no significant relationship between frequency of consumption of calcium food sources and nutritional status, blood pressure, joint pain, and the level of joint pain (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between joint pain and the level of joint pain with blood pressure and nutritional status.
DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS, DOMINAÇÃO ESTATAL E DEMOCRACIA SUBSTANTIVA
Authors: Galvão Ciro Di Benatti , Duarte Luciana Gaspar Melquíades
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar que os direitos fundamentais, enquanto um dos alicerces estruturantes do Estado de Direito, podem integrar parte do instrumentário de dominação da classe hegemônica ou dominante nas realidades estatais. A partir do método analítico-dedutivo, entendeu-se que a trajetória histórico-evolutiva dos direitos fundamentais, bem como a sua positivação nas realidades constitucionais escritas, não foram resultado de um verdadeiro anseio popular destituído ou livre de manipulação ou deturpação. A partir disso, o problema carecedor de tratamento e que foi trabalhado no presente artigo foi o referente à saber se existe algum argumento teórico que se mostre apto a rever tal quadro, sendo que a solução aventada foi o resgate da noção substantiva de democracia, com forte apelo ao "status activae civitatis" do povo, que, ao mesmo tempo, se apresentasse como fonte de legitimidade do poder estatal, bem como de concretização dos direitos fundamentais que devem ser protegidos pelas realidades estai atuais.
Liberdade política como direito fundamental na perspectiva do republicanismo
Authors: Caldas Camilo Onoda Luiz
Published: December 2017

A defesa da liberdade política e dos ideais republicanos – valores presentes na Constituição Federal do Brasil – se torna algo vazio de conteúdo caso tais conceitos não sejam adequadamente compreendidos. O presente artigo tem por objetivo esclarecer os principais aspectos do discurso republicano moderno que concebe a liberdade política como direito fundamental. O texto realiza três movimentos que evidenciam a proposta metodológica da pesquisa bibliográfica adotada. O primeiro descreve resumidamente como a liberdade e a igualdade eram pensadas na antiguidade greco-romana. O segundo se apoia no primeiro para apresentar um contraste entre a concepção de liberdade política antiga e a moderna, evidenciando a mudança de pensamento que emerge com o pensamento liberal.  O terceiro movimento estabelece quais os pontos fundamentais que distinguem o pensamento republicano da perspectiva política liberal no campo político. Ao final, será possível observar que para o republicanismo moderno a existência da liberdade decorre de instituições e leis que garantam a ausência de dominação e depende da preservação do espaço privado, do desenvolvimento da virtude cívica e da universalização da cidadania ativa.
DIÁLOGOS INTERCULTURAIS: VARIAÇÕES DO CONCEITO DE DIVERSIDADE À INCLUSÃO DA PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA ATRAVÉS DE DISPOSITIVOS DIGITAIS
Authors: Moura Ricardo Damasceno , Conrado Monica Prates
Published: December 2017

Este artigo faz uma análise do acesso às novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação nos processos de inclusão da pessoa com deficiência. Em seguida, examina conceitos de diversidade e seu diálogo por meio de discursos e práticas sociais, introduzindo reflexões acerca da desmistificação do “diferente”, ampliando, dessa forma espaços para a influência da tecnologia como promotora de standards de respeito e reconhecimento das diferenças. A capacidade que oferece a tecnologia para a acessibilidade da pessoa com deficiência, também tem despertado inquietudes no que diz respeito a sua participação na atual “democracia eletrônica”.O recorte da pesquisa é identificar como a acessibilidade digital amplia a compreensão do próprio conceito de “diferença”. Tal recorte objetivou realizar uma análise interdisciplinar num contexto de inclusão/exclusão. Convém ressaltar que, este trabalho se caracteriza por sua relevância social, na medida em que poderá servir também para subsidiar planos, programas e projetos educacionais para o trato da temática, como também contribuir para despertar uma atitude de enfrentamento à discriminação e o preconceito, de uma ação de comprometimento social que nos leve a exigir dos órgãos responsáveis a formulação de políticas públicas permanentes de inclusão social e acesso da pessoa com deficiência.
Wood formation in Norway spruce on a lowland site in Slovenia in 2015 and comparison with other conifers all over Europe
Authors: Useros Fernando , Balzano Angela , Prislan Peter , De Luis Martin , Gričar Jožica , Merela Maks , Čufar Katarina
Published: December 2017

We present xylem formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in 2015 at Panška reka, near Ljubljana, Slovenia (ca. 46°00’N, 14°40’E, 400 m a.s.l.) with a temperate climate. The research was a part of a long-term project, which involves different sites and tree species. We measured the widths of cambium and the formation of xylem growth rings with differentiating cells in postcambial (PC) and secondary wall formation (SW) phases, and mature cells (MT). The results for 2015 were compared with those for previous years (2009–2011) in the same species and site, and with the published data from wood formation studies in conifers from all over Europe. The latter were used in two-factor regression models which confirmed the effects of latitude and altitude on the critical dates of onset, end, and duration of xylem production. The models thus helped us to predict/reconstruct phenology of wood formation in conifers in Europe.
Upogibna trdnost in togost slojnatega furnirnega lesa (LVL) iz termično modificirane in nemodificirane bukovine
Authors: Saražin Jaša , Šernek Milan , Humar Miha , Ugovšek Aleš
Published: December 2017

The aim of the research was to define and develop a wooden composite with a thin cross-section and which could be used as reinforcement material in oversized wooden window profiles. An additional limitation was to bond the composite at room temperature. Based on a review of the literature, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) was chosen as the best option. The researched LVL samples were made of 0.5 mm thick, cut, beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) veneer, bonded with polyurethane adhesive (Purbond HB 440). Half of the samples were made of thermally modified veneers, and other half of unmodified. Bending strength and stiffness were determined with a three-point bending test. Thermally modified samples had on average 19 % lower bending strength compared to the unmodified samples, but the modulus of elasticity (stiffness) did not change significantly. The bending strength of up to 150 MPa was satisfactory, but the modulus of elasticity of 13 GPa was far below expectations. This is attributed to the selection of too thin veneer and too low bonding temperature, which does not enable densification of the composite.
Uporaba naravnih olj za površinsko zaščito lesa navadne bukve
Authors: Žigon Jure , Pogorelčnik Ajda , Petrič Marko , Pavlič Matjaž
Published: December 2017

Different natural drying oils were used for surface finishing of common beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.). Surface performances and properties of the oiled surfaces were investigated according to the standard tests. Drying time, colour and gloss changes, uptake of oils into wood and uptake of liquid water into oiled wood, were determined, and the wettability of oiled wood surfaces was investigated by determination of the apparent contact angles of water. The results of the standard resistance tests showed that tung oil, the commercial decking and linseed oil had the best water repellent and protective properties. Worse properties were determined for those surfaces finished with walnut, hemp and coconut oils.
The Strategic Research Initiative Literature Reviews
Authors: Philips Dave , Roddick Susannah , Weenink Melissa
Published: December 2017

This article describes the process for developing the Ministry of Education’s “Strategic Research Initiative”, and the thinking behind it, in particular the literature reviews commissioned by the Ministry in 1999 and published in 2000. Each of the reviews is briefly described to indicate some of the key themes which, along with consultation with the research community, are a means of helping Ministry staff to identify potential priorities for strategic research.
Pacific Nations Students in Primary Teacher Training
Authors: Dickie John
Published: December 2017

This article is based on a study that investigated how Wellington College of Education staff can support Pacific nations students to complete primary teacher training successfully (Dickie, 2000). While the number of Pacific children in New Zealand primary schools is increasing significantly, and the community demands more Pacific nations teachers and more teaching in Pacific languages, the number of Pacific nations students entering primary teacher training is falling. This study explored the views of 21 Pacific nations students in the Bachelor of Education (Teaching) degree through a questionnaire and interviews. Participants valued peer support and group work, but difficulties due to cultural constraints hindered some from active participation in classes and from approaching lecturers for assistance. Some had difficulty with aspects of academic English. The study indicated the need for targeted support and a better understanding by staff of cultural differences.
The Dinosaurs Died a Long Time Ago: A Story from English in the New Zealand Curriculum
Authors: Thornley Christina , Read Karon , Eason Vivienne
Published: December 2017

It is now six years since English in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 1994) was mandated as curriculum policy for New Zealand classrooms. While the debate that surrounded the introduction of achievement levels for language learning in this national curriculum statement appears to have abated, it is essential that teachers continue to discuss the implications of the levels for literacy programmes. This paper describes a research case study undertaken in two Year One classrooms where the children's work in exploring language is analysed against the achievement levels, raising concerns related to the possible underestimation of their abilities in literacy learning.
The NEMP Experience: Professional Development of Teachers through the National Education Monitoring Project
Authors: Gilmore Alison
Published: December 2017

A key element of the National Education Monitoring Project in New Zealand is the employment of specially trained, practising teachers to work intensively with 60 children over a five week period in at least five different schools. This study attempts to document the nature and level of professional development gained by these teachers by this experience through the use of weekly diaries, a series of questionnaires, and interviews with “case study” teachers. The data reveal that the professional development opportunities rendered benefits which were numerous, broad and multi-faceted. They ranged from the personal and professional, specific and general, immediate and longer-term, assessment-related and beyond.
Teacher Accountability: Reflective Professional or Competent Practitioner?
Authors: Upsall Debby
Published: December 2017

Teacher accountability has been the focus of a series of Government reports and enactments over the past 15 years. This article argues that since the publication of Tomorrow’s Schools, Government policy making has been dominated by a managerialist approach at odds with the priorities of many educationalists. The introduction of Performance Management Systems and Professional Standards has stressed competence in a series of observable behaviours, limiting creativity and lowering morale. Changing the focus to foster internal accountability would encourage teachers to be reflective professionals seeking to improve their own practices. Adequate resourcing in terms of both time and expertise is needed to ensure the dual purposes of professional development and management appraisal can both be attained.
Portfolio Assessment as a Means of Professional Development
Authors: Jones Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

Pivotal to the implementation of the Special Education 2000 policy are 750 Resource Teachers: Learning and Behaviour (RTLB). A mandatory requirement for those taking up these positions is that they undertake a professional development programme consisting of four graduate or postgraduate papers. This article outlines the rationale for including a professional practice portfolio as the final paper in this programme. The requirements of this portfolio and the teaching programme put in place to support the RTLB in the development of their portfolios are outlined. Some early findings about the process, from both RTLB and faculty perspectives, are then discussed. Findings indicate some of the factors that may help or hinder portfolio development, and also identify how portfolio development enhances professional practice.
Teachers and Schools Succeeding Against the Odds: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Sullivan Keith
Published: December 2017

This article examines how one low-decile New Zealand secondary school has managed to succeed against the odds. After examining Education Review Office and Ministry of Education responses to school failure, the paper looks at the influence of recent educational reform upon teaching, and at what the teachers in the case study school have done within their professional practice to create a culture of success. It argues that the teachers of the school have been professional in defending themselves against governmental attacks, and in their innovative approaches to a difficult teaching context. As a means of generating more understanding, the article finishes by exploring first of all the role of “teacher as hero” as portrayed in film, and secondly the relationship between schooling and cultural capital.
The Cultural Myths and the Realities of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Nuthall Graham
Published: December 2017

In this article I describe evidence that most teaching follows the standard patterns of a cultural ritual that has remained largely unchanged despite many attempts to reform and change it. A series of research studies show that teachers are largely unaware of individual student learning and base their practice on the cultural ideal of the busy active classroom. Although evidence shows that differences in student learning are primarily the effect of motivation and cultural background, myths about academic ability have evolved to explain these differences and shift the blame onto students. Research is needed to replace myth and ritual with reliable evidence.
Daring to be Different: The Rise and Fall of Auckland Metropolitan College
Authors: Vaughan Karen
Published: December 2017

In December 2001, Auckland Metropolitan College (Metro), the only state-funded alternative secondary school in New Zealand, closed after eight highly critical ERO reviews in eight years. Despite support from its own community, other schools, and the Schools Support Programme, Metro closed amidst long-standing confusion over its status and role in the New Zealand education system. This article explores Metro’s origins and the tensions between state regulation and innovative schooling within a quasi-market policy context. The article argues that Metro's ability to remain at the cutting edge of schooling was compromised by changes to, and gaps in, education policy, and that further research into alternative education, beyond the conception of it as a second chance option, is vital.
Currents of Change: Early Childhood Education in 2001
Authors: Mitchell Linda
Published: December 2017

This article argues that the rights of children should be at the heart of early childhood education policy development. It describes the free market framework inherited by the current government, highlights inequalities for children in income and participation in early childhood education and describes policy initiatives. These are analysed against yardsticks for effective government policy for children. The article concludes that there is currently a new valuing of early childhood education, and significant shifts in policy are in train. However, key to the success of these shifts will be the government’s willingness to prioritise early childhood education and make hard decisions about planning, coordination and funding, or the policies will be unworkable.
Can My Students Foot it With The Best? The Impact of Global Influences on the Primary Curriculum
Authors: Aikin Sandra
Published: December 2017

This article contributes to an emerging stream of ideas related to the globalised effects of the economy on education policy and practice. An attempt is made to assess the impact of global pressures on selected aspects of primary curriculum and assessment policies and practices, both in broad overview and in more detail.
Teaching and the Phonics Debate: What Can We Learn?
Authors: Thompson Brian
Published: December 2017

There is debate about whether New Zealand practices for teaching reading should include “more phonics”. With the focus on the first two years of school instruction, the status quo of receptive phonics and the teaching culture in which it is embedded are described and compared with the productive phonics practices of other teaching cultures. The response of New Zealand children to this practice is relatively faster reading procedures. However, there is much that remains to be learnt to sharpen New Zealand receptive phonics teaching practices to meet the successive developmental purposes of phonics; and also to reduce repetitive teaching rituals, as in practices to prompt for meaning.
Unreal Tournament: The Battle Over the New Zealand Social Studies Curriculum
Authors: Sullivan Keith
Published: December 2017

This article examines the process and content of the highly contentious social studies curriculum recently introduced in New Zealand. Essentially, there was a conflict between two ideological perspectives: that of the social democrats who wrote the original draft, and that of the neo-liberals as represented by the Education Forum. The article concludes that in the contest over the new curriculum, the social democrat perspective nominally gained the upper hand.
Let’s Dig Down Deep: A Philosophical Look at Social Studies Education in New Zealand
Authors: Beals Fiona
Published: December 2017

Post-structural analysis is a valuable tool for offering different perspectives, highlighting possible disparities, and suggesting new ways forward. This paper applies a post-structural analysis to social studies education and Social Studies in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 1997). The analysis reveals that social studies education restricts many diverse groups in Aotearoa/New Zealand from identification as “New Zealand citizens” through a focus on “citizenship” education and a singular “national identity”. It is argued that social studies education should move into the postmodern allowing for teachers and students to think across multiple dimensions that recognise diversity and reflect a postmodern philosophy.
School Entry Assessment: An Evaluation of its Ability to Support Formative Assessment and the Use of Teacher Judgement
Authors: Twist Juliet
Published: December 2017

This article focuses on the Tell Me (oral language component) of School Entry Assessment (SEA). It finds that although SEA-related documents make a concerted effort to support both formative assessment and the use of teacher judgement in assessment, teachers may not be making formative use of the data obtained, and may be reluctant to use judgement when scoring this component. Suggestions for an improved programme of professional development are discussed.
The Assessment Resource Banks: From National Testing to a School-Based Resource
Authors: Croft Cedric
Published: December 2017

The Assessment Resource Banks (ARBs) in English, mathematics and science have been designed to reflect current New Zealand curriculum statements and provide schools with an ever-increasing range of valid and reliable assessment material. They are available on the Internet and are now established as the main source of school-based assessment material for New Zealand schools. During their early development phase, national and school-based uses were seen as dual elements, but they now function exclusively within a school-based environment. This article outlines the development and present structure of the ARBs, discusses their consolidation as a school-based resource, and suggests future directions.
Assessment in Change: Some Reflections on the Local and International Background to the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA)
Authors: Strachan Jim
Published: December 2017

This paper backgrounds a number of factors that have influenced proposed changes in New Zealand’s senior secondary assessment system. It documents various moves which have been made over the last 30 years, refers to international practices, reviews and developments, and notes the ongoing reluctance to shift from traditional systems in this country. Research about assessment, changing educational needs, and growing recognition of the pervasive influence of high stakes assessment and the opportunities offered by assessment aligned to learning, are seen as further influencing factors. The article emphasises the need for change, contrasts New Zealand and overseas practice, and observes that while the current NCEA design is an improvement over the old, compromises have led to a model with some deficiencies.
Peer Learning Groups for Teachers: A Norwegian Innovation
Authors: Munthe Elaine , Midthassel Unni
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a method used in Norwegian schools to enhance learning and development in groups of teachers. It is a peer based mentoring method that was first introduced in the 1980s and has developed in different ways over the years. Our focus is on the uncertainty that is characteristic of teaching and schools and the consequent need for teachers to be able to get together in organised groups to dwell on topics or problems in a reflective, critical and constructive way.
Adult Learning, Tertiary Education Policy in New Zealand and the Future
Authors: Zepke Nick
Published: December 2017

This article traces ideas about adult learning from Unesco’s Hamburg Declaration (1997) to the Labour government’s Tertiary Education Strategy (2002) and speculates how these ideas might fare over the next five years in a policy context dominated by “third way” politics. It is divided into three sections. In the first, the Hamburg Declaration’s Agenda for the Future is discussed in the broader framework of thinking about adult learning. In the second, the themes from the Agenda for the Future are used to analyse the emerging strategies for tertiary education in New Zealand. In the final section it is suggested that the “third way” future envisioned by the Strategy is beset with economic, social and cultural tensions.
Going, Going ...? Men in Primary Teaching in New Zealand
Authors: Livingstone Ian
Published: December 2017

This article examines the issue of the declining numbers of men in primary teaching, and charts the points in their preparation, induction and classroom experience where attrition may have occurred. Some reasons are suggested, based upon research evidence. It concludes with four arguments for having more men in the classroom, which are classified as: academic, social, environmental, and representational. Of these the representational argument is regarded as the most compelling. Primary school staff should be more representative of society at large, conveying the message that learning and academic achievement are for everyone.
Teacher Refresher Courses and Effective Professional Development for Teachers
Authors: Thornton Kate
Published: December 2017

This report analyses the effectiveness of the Government’s policies on professional development for teachers, with a particular focus on teacher refresher courses. The literature reveals that while professional development models based in schools and centres are the preferred method of creating change, a balance of professional development models is desirable. Professional development opportunities should meet the needs of teachers, their schools or centres as well as government priorities. Teachers should be involved in the design of their own professional development, and the needs of tangata whenua are an important consideration. Current government policy allows for a diverse range of professional development opportunities, but needs to be more specific in ensuring that teachers participate in these, including both school/centre-based and individual models such as teacher refresher courses, which have some unique features and benefits for teachers
Teachers’ Understanding and Use of Formative Assessment in Literacy Learning
Authors: Dixon Helen , Williams Ruth
Published: December 2017

Since 1999, successful literacy learning for all children has been a focal point of government policy as outlined in the Report of the Literacy Taskforce. Specified in the report is the need to raise standards of achievement for all students and to close the gap between high and low achievers. To achieve these goals, teachers must be able to understand the nature and function of formative assessment in the teaching/learning process, and also to utilise information formatively. Recent research shows that while teachers accept the basic premise that assessment has a positive role to play in the promotion of student learning, they are not able to articulate clearly how they utilise assessment information to enhance learning (Dixon, 1999; Hill, 2000).

This article reports on teachers’ understandings about, and use of, formative assessment with years one to eight children in the areas of reading, written language and oral language. It concludes that while teachers appear to have increased their theoretical understanding of formative assessment, their descriptions of practice omit a number of critical components which are essential to successful learning for children
Parental Choice or School Choice: Who Benefits from the Removal of Zoning?
Authors: Beaven Carrie
Published: December 2017

This paper considers the issue of parental choice, a key aspect of the Picot Report and Tomorrow’s Schools reforms. It seeks to explore two key research questions pertaining to the secondary school sector. Firstly, does the abolition of school zoning lead to greater parental choice? Secondly, do enrolment schemes create more choice for parents and students? The findings suggest that amendments to the Tomorrow’s Schools policy created less choice for some parents, particularly those who were Maori or those of low socio-economic status. It is argued that a level of state intervention is required to ensure fair, transparent selection of students in oversubscribed schools.
Open Learning to Sustain Rural Schools: The Replication of a Three-Stage Model
Authors: Stevens Ken
Published: December 2017

Rural schools in New Zealand and Canada have developed innovative ways of delivering education to students in small schools in remote communities using a range of technologies. Through the academic and administrative integration of classes from diverse sites, virtual educational structures and processes that complement traditional schools have developed, well-fitted to provide a template for the integration of on-site and on-line education in each country.
Sex Education in Primary Schools?
Authors: Young Jill
Published: December 2017

The introduction of sex education into primary schools in New Zealand was a controversial and contested issue throughout the 1960s and 1970s. This article explores key documents and legislation produced during the period. It is argued that the controversy surrounding sex education for primary students resulted in the implementation in the 1980s of a largely fact-based curriculum, focusing on the biological process of pubertal change rather than social and emotional issues surrounding sexuality. The implementation of the 1999 curriculum document Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum is also briefly discussed.
Early Childhood Education in 2002: Pathways to the Future
Authors: Dalli Carmen , Te One Sarah
Published: December 2017

In September 2002, the New Zealand Government released Pathways to the Future: Ngā Huarahi Arataki, its policy statement in support of the ten-year strategic plan for the early childhood education sector. The document identifies three core goals as a focus for government action: increasing participation in quality early childhood education (ECE) services; improving quality of ECE services; and promoting collaborative relationships. This article positions Pathways to the Future within the broader context of recent early childhood policy and current discourse about children and children’s rights. It discusses the policy strategies implemented during 2002 in support of the three core goals of the strategic plan, and reviews gains and remaining challenges.
Education Myths as a Framework for Education Policy: Towards a New Myth
Authors: Clark John
Published: December 2017

The idea of an “Education Myth” was offered by C. E. Beeby as an over-arching policy framework which would permit a coherent set of policies to be developed in a systematic way. This paper outlines exactly what an education myth is, and then considers three such myths in New Zealand's education history: 1877 and survival of the fittest; 1939 and equality of educational opportunity; and 1987 and education as a commodity. A fourth myth is proposed for 2003 onwards – educated citizens in a democratic society.
Export Education and the Commercialisation of Public Education in New Zealand
Authors: Codd John
Published: December 2017

Public education in New Zealand has become a globally marketable commodity, with the “export education” industry becoming a major new area within the national economy. While many schools, both primary and secondary, have become financially dependent on the income derived from foreign fee-paying students, scant attention has been given to the educational outcomes of this commercialisation of the public education system. It is a trend that began in the early 1990s with the policies of decentralisation, marketisation and privatisation and has been accelerated under the influences of globalisation and the rise of the new knowledge-based economy. Thus, education has now become a billion dollar export industry. This extension of globalisation into the domain of education produces an agenda for educational reform that raises fundamental questions about the purposes of public education. To what extent, for instance, should global economic purposes have priority over those of citizenship and national identity? The article explores the nature of globalisation and examines the international marketisation of education and the effects of this rapidly growing trend on education in New Zealand, including the implications of the export education industry and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).
The Quiet Crisis: International Students in New Zealand Secondary Schools
Authors: King Deb
Published: December 2017

Foreign fee-paying (international) students have been present in New Zealand secondary schools for over a decade. In recent years the number of such students has increased dramatically, and their distribution is not evenly spread across schools. The increase has led to a situation in which schools are relying on international student funding to meet budget requirements. This article presents the results of a small, sharply focused case-study, following a review of the policy issues and literature surrounding the international student presence in New Zealand. It concludes that increased monitoring and research is necessary to ensure that all students experience the maximum chance for success within the New Zealand system.
Small New Zealand Primary Schools: Current Policy, Its Impact and Some Alternatives
Authors: Collins Graham
Published: December 2017

This article examines current educational policy in New Zealand relating to small schools, considers the impact of this policy, and reflects on whether more positive alternatives might be found. Some recent research into the nature of current policy is reported, and its impact in a selective range of small primary school settings is discussed. It is argued that the current “two-track” central policy (which attempts to strengthen some small schools and rationalise others) is failing to achieve either of these goals, basically because it misunderstands or under-estimates the nature of the local community feeling associated with many small schools, and its impact on patterns of inter-school behaviour. After more than a decade of emphasis on self-management, a one-school, one-community mindset has been created in many districts. Unless this mind set is counteracted through new policy that enhances interactions between neighbouring schools, and extends the sense of community beyond the individual school, school re-organisation in New Zealand is likely to remain problematic.
Education Reform in Quebec: Pluralism and Citizenship
Authors: Beer Ann
Published: December 2017

This article provides a brief overview of current educational reform in Quebec, Canada, with a special focus on pluralism and citizenship. The article is organized into the following sections: culture and education in Quebec: a historical perspective; the reform – an overview; curriculum reform; teacher education reform; the challenge of rights, recognition, and school practice: questions for the future.