bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Winthrop University
Authors: Johnson Lisa , Rakestraw Jennie
Published: April 2019

John Goodlad, in his book A Place Called School (1984), suggested that, in order to improve schools and the work of teachers, a relationship had to exist between institutes of public education and teacher preparation programs. Today Goodlad’s message continues to hold significant bearing on whether or not all students receive a high quality, equitable education. The Agenda for Education in a Democracy, formulated by Goodlad and the National Network for Educational Renewal over twenty years ago, promotes simultaneous renewal of P-12 education and educator preparation, advocating equity in schooling and engagement in nurturing pedagogy to meet the diverse needs of students.
The Renaissance Group
Authors: Giovannetti Michael
Published: April 2019

The “next generation” refers to the generation after the present one. The term is also used in manufacturing, especially for hardware and software, and even Star Trek has a "next generation" of cast members. I am especially attracted to the expression, given it offers a sense of hope and encouragement; although the past and present generations of The Renaissance Group (TRG) have contributed in important ways to supporting and improving educator preparation programs throughout America, the next generation must be more creative in assembling the latest education puzzle and vehemently embrace the expressed and anticipated challenges and opportunities facing P-20 education today, employing the best possible strategies designed to support and strengthened this basic American institution.
Clinically Based Models of Teacher Preparation
Authors: Dietrich Sylvia L. , Hulan Nancy , Kirby Gail , Evans Sam
Published: April 2019

A teacher preparation institution critically reviewed current programs and began moving toward a clinically based model. One focuses on Middle Grades/Secondary Math and Science, another focuses on Secondary English Language Arts, and a pilot project focuses on Elementary with a minor in either English/Language Arts or STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics).

Keywords: teacher education, clinical practice, and clinical teacher preparation
Defining and Measuring Excellence in the Changing World of Higher Education
Authors: Nerren Jannah Walters , Sinclair Christina , Barker Nan , Reid Mark , Anderson Gina
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a collection of case stories from five Educator Preparation Programs (EPPs) within colleges of education, four from institutions in Texas and one from California, to present a micro cross-sectional narrative interpretation of what constitutes excellence in educator preparation. The broad framework utilized in this interpretation focuses on the individual approaches used by each institution for creating and sustaining positive cultures of data-informed decision-making, with the ultimate objective of continuous program improvement, while also meeting the accreditation expectations of each institution.
Formation Customer Loyalty in the Face of Increasing Market Competition
Authors: Erlygina E. , Filimonova V.
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the problems of interaction between enterprises and consumers in the conditions of increasing market competition. The directions of loyalty increase are developed taking into account the peculiarities of the company’s position in the market. For a successful company, it is necessary to constantly monitor brand awareness, analyze the factors that contribute to increasing brand attractiveness, develop comprehensive measures to build brand loyalty and evaluate the effectiveness of their implementation. Therefore, the problem of assessing customer loyalty as a starting point of its formation is of particular importance. The use of various assessment models allows you to identify the most effective tools and methods of influence, to identify key areas of investment in the marketing budget, which is especially important in the conditions of the need for savings.
Role of Micro-Entrepreneurship in Construction Industry
Authors: Abdullayev A.
Published: April 2019

The generally accepted view of the functions of a small business as a social institution that supports the competitive environment, employment and adaptive factors of the economy: a particular lifestyle, class. A manifestation of small business opportunities in the Soviet period of development was the cooperative sector of the economy, in many of the proposed modern enterprise formats. At the same time, small business is actively developing in the investment and construction sector in a highly qualified segment in the provision of accounting services, project management, design, estimates, and most importantly, coordination of design pushes forward effectiveness of the companies.
Specifics of the Civil Servant Adaptation
Authors: Orekhina M.
Published: April 2019

This article reveals the concept of adaptation of the organization’s stuff, as well as its role and significance. In addition, this article reveals the actual features of the adaptation of civil servants. Completion of the adaptation period is determined by efficiency and productivity, as well as on the personal assessment of the employee’s place in the team and the quality of work, his emotional state. In conclusion, it is concluded that the company, new employees are an integral part of it, and their adaptation of a direct impact on the success of the organization.
Revitalizing Early Stages of Health and Safety Legislation as a Challenge Among Major Economies
Authors: Zikriyoev A.
Published: April 2019

A dynamically developing modern society is characterized by a powerful scientific and technological breakthrough. The application of knowledge cannot only contribute to the evolution of society, but also threaten its safety. In the modern world due to the development of industrial technology danger grows faster than human resistance at work. The latter circumstance indicates the need to strengthen the preparation of citizens to safe behavior and their active civil security positions. Conditions of the new approach ensured the best work places based on the principle of Health and Safety towards regulation stages over the years among major economies. The main goal is to formulate safety regulations scientifically which study in solving the engineering problem, design–construction business, organizational or production process accidents. Challenges among major economies of 20 century were real implementations of theoretical approaches in health and safety in various methodologies.
The Use of Psychoactive Substances as a Manifestation of Auto-aggression in Adolescence
Authors: Ivanov D. , Tishakova Yu.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of auto–aggressive behavior in adolescence. The main idea of the article is to consider the use of psychoactive substances by adolescents as manifestations of auto–aggression. The article presents a theoretical analysis of foreign and domestic psychological literature on the problem of auto–aggressive behavior. The analysis allowed to reveal the psychological characteristics of adolescence. The analysis we have given allowed to reveal the psychological characteristics of adolescence. Age–specific reasons contributing to the involvement of a adolescents in the process of psychoactive substance use are revealed. Auto–aggressive behavior is considered by the authors as one of the main reasons for the initiation of the use of psychoactive substances. By auto–aggressive behavior, the authors understand destructive, abnormal actions that are turned against themselves. Auto–aggressive behavior is considered by the authors of the article as a direct manifestation of the death instinct, since it leads to death. The article contains a description of the course of the experiment and research methods, analysis of the results of studying the relationship between auto–aggressive behavior and psychoactive substance use in adolescence. The aim of the study was to analyze the propensity to use of psychoactive substances, depending on the severity of auto–aggression. An empirical study of auto–aggressive behavior in adolescents makes it possible to consider the use of psychoactive substances in adolescence one of the manifestations of auto–aggression. It has been shown from our studies that the cause of addictive behavior in adolescence may be auto–aggressive behavior.
Formation of Innovation Educational Environment at High School
Authors: Kurdadze I.
Published: April 2019

The author, based on the achievements of phycological–pedagogical science, researches in the sphere of pedagogy at high school and pedagogical innovations, makes discussions on the theoretical–methodological and practical issues the of formation of innovative educational environment. The emphasis is made on the conditions promoting to formation of effective educational environment, the mechanisms required for its formation, need on planning and implementing the creative projects and a requirement on didactical system with two-level content of training discipline.
System-Logical Approach to Content Analysis and Structuring Programs School Course in General Biology
Authors: Polyarush A.
Published: April 2019

The formation of a competent specialist of the agrarian direction, rationally using natural resources, at first incorporated in the school course of general biology. The article reflects a critical understanding of existing and existing domestic programs and textbooks of this course from the standpoint of a systematic approach, synergetics and dialectical logic. The content and structure of the course of general biology, based on this approach, are proposed.
On the Meaning of English in the Education of Future Teachers
Authors: Saidvalieva D.
Published: April 2019

In this article, we would like to discuss the role of English as the global language and its impacts on our profession as English teachers. Foreign languages open doors to development and give access to international education. English has roles as both an international and a global language. As an international language, English has played a role as the tool of communication among people from different countries, in other words, English is used to bridge linguistic odd among people in international communities.
Teaching Practice for the 21st Century: Challenges and Prospects for Teacher Education in Uzbekistan
Authors: Azimbaeva R.
Published: April 2019

The paper considers the interrelation of the problem of maintenance of quality of higher education and professionalism of the teacher. The result of the research made it possible to prove the value of professionally important qualities of the teacher in the improvement of the quality of educational services in the conditions of competitiveness of higher education system. Qualitative foreign teaching is one of the most important key characteristics defining the professional competence of a higher school graduate as a whole and is considered from the point of view of systemacy, of integral content, of teaching technologies, of methods of control and assessment of the results.
The Role of Media Technologies in Developing Intercultural Competence of Student’s
Authors: Abidova Z. , Tursunova U. , Khusomiddinova M.
Published: April 2019

The world turns out to be a small village due to globalization and communication technologies. In this new world, different cultures and communication means have interlaced and started to increasingly affect each other, leading communication and culture to transform into two organic structures that feed each other. The culture in which individuals socialize also determines these individual’s ways of communication. It is necessary to examine the communicational behaviors of the members of given societies to distinguish the differences between these cultures. The skills of different people who live in different cultures in enduring the information load would also be different. Today, it is possible to transfer any information via news media in an instant. This, as a result, increases the significance of new media in intercultural communication.
Endodontic management of mandibular second molar with Vertucci II canal configuration using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: NB Nagaveni , Bajaj Meghna , Yadav Sneha , P Poornima
Published: April 2019

Permanent mandibular second molars usually show two roots, one mesial and the other distal root with four root canals (two mesial and two distal canals). Variation in root number and canal morphology rarely occur in these teeth. Cone Beam Computed Tomography is a new advent in the diagnostic field which provides three dimensional clear picture of the root/canal. The present article describes the endodontic management of permanent mandibular left second molar with Vertucci II canal configuration using cone beam computed tomography.
Associations between HBD3 and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in
Asymptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis
Authors: Aminoshariae Anita , Bakkar Mohammed , Bonfield Tracey , Ghosh Santosh , Montagnese Thomas A , Mickel Andre K
Published: April 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of Human Beta Defensin (hBD) 2 and 3, chemokine and cytokine expressions between teeth endodontically diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP), asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis (ASIP) and normal pulps. We hypothesized that there would be a correlation between hBD’s and the immunoregulatory response.
Design: Pulpal samples were collected with paper points. Six samples were obtained from normal teeth, 21 from SIP, 18 from ASIP. Levels of cytokines and betadefensins were measured by Luminex technology and ELISA, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation test. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05.
Results: hBD-2 levels correlated with samples obtained from patients in the ASIP group, but not in the samples obtained from patients with SIP or the control group. HBD-3 concentrations associated with all of the cytokines and chemokines in both SIP and ASIP groups. However, in the normal group, hBD-3 correlated with only TNFα, IL-8, MCP-1, IL-1β, MIP-1a, RANTES, IL-17 in normal group. When comparing control levels of hBD-2 and hBD-3 with patients samples from either the ASIP or the SIP groups, hBD-2 and hBD-3 concentrations were highest in the ASIP group.
Conclusions: The hBD-2 and-3 were highly associated with the levels of the chemokines and cytokines in ASIP group. HBD-3 concentrations correlate with the levels of the chemokines and the cytokines in the SIP and ASIP groups.
Addressing the Gender Gap in Innovative Companies: Does the Culture of Innovation Turn Women Away?
Authors: Day Geneva
Published: April 2019

There is a large gender gap in technological roles at highly innovative companies in the United States that reduces their ability to exploit a diverse knowledge base. Diversity in human capital is key to the success of innovations in an organization, this paper proposed that it is the inherent characteristics of the culture of innovation that prevents women from applying and staying in innovative roles. Using thematic review, this paper analyzed research in the areas of the culture of innovation as well as the organizational cultural preferences of women to understand what values are incongruent that could be causing this gap. Results showed that there were many incongruent factors between the culture of innovation and preferences in organizational culture for women and that this is a valid reason why these roles are not sought out of kept by women. The results suggested that managers should implement and sustain supportive values to balance an organizational culture that needs to focus on innovation, but also wants to have diversity of thought.
Engineering Biomimetic Gelatin Based Nanostructures as Synthetic Substrates for Cell Culture
Authors: Pazhanimala Shaleena K. , Vllasaliu Driton , Raimi-Abraham Bahijja T.
Published: April 2019

There is a need for synthetic substrates that replicate the natural environment for in vitro intestinal models. Electrospinning is one of the most versatile and cost-effective techniques to produce nanofibrous scaffolds mimicking the basement membrane topography. In this study, three different novel electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds made of a polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatin, and poloxamer 188 (P188) blend were produced and compared with PCL and PCL/gelatin fibers produced using the same solvent system and electrospinning parameters. Each polymer solution used in this experiment was electrospun at four different voltages to study its influence on fiber diameter. The morphology and physical characteristics of the fibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The average fiber diameter of all scaffolds was within 200–600 nm and no significant decrease in diameter with an increase in voltage was observed. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical characteristics of the nanofibrous scaffold. The conductivity of the polymer solutions was also analyzed. Biocompatibility of the scaffolds was determined by a cell proliferation study performed using colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells. PCL/gelatin/P188 scaffolds exhibited higher cell proliferation compared to PCL, PCL/gelatin scaffolds, and the control (tissue culture multi-well plate) with PCL/gelatin/P188 80:10:10 sample showing the highest cell proliferation.
Beam Control in an Intracavity Frequency-Doubling Semiconductor Disk Laser
Authors: Hou Guanyu , Wang Lijie , Feng Jian , Popp Andreas , Schmidt Berthold , Lu Huanyu , Shu Shili , Tian Sicong , Tong Cunzhu , Wang Lijun
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we have demonstrated a 1.3 W green laser using a V-shaped intracavity frequency doubling 1036 nm semiconductor disk laser. The beam quality of the fundamental and second harmonic generation (SHG) laser is investigated. It has been found that the output lasers at the fundamental and SHG wavelength both suffer from reduced beam quality along with power scaling. The measured beam profile is elliptical under high power operation. In order to improve the SHG laser beam, an intracavity aperture is employed to control the mode characteristics of fundamental frequency light. By fine-tuning the aperture, a nearly circular beam profile with improving beam quality and brightness is realized.
Industrial Cyber-Physical System Evolution Detection and Alert Generation
Authors: Iglesias Aitziber , Sagardui Goiuria , Arellano Cristobal
Published: April 2019

Industrial Cyber-Physical System (ICPS) monitoring is increasingly being used to make decisions that impact the operation of the industry. Industrial manufacturing environments such as production lines are dynamic and evolve over time due to new requirements (new customer needs, conformance to standards, maintenance, etc.) or due to the anomalies detected. When an evolution happens (e.g., new devices are introduced), monitoring systems must be aware of it in order to inform the user and to provide updated and reliable information. In this article, CALENDAR is presented, a software module for a monitoring system that addresses ICPS evolutions. The solution is based on a data metamodel that captures the structure of an ICPS in different timestamps. By comparing the data model in two subsequent timestamps, CALENDAR is able to detect and effectively classify the evolution of ICPSs at runtime to finally generate alerts about the detected evolution. In order to evaluate CALENDAR with different ICPS topologies (e.g., different ICPS sizes), a scalability test was performed considering the information captured from the production lines domain.
Effect of Lateral End Plates on Flow Crossing a Yawed Circular Cylinder
Authors: Liang Hui , Duan Ri-Qiang
Published: April 2019

Numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the effect of the boundary condition of two lateral end-plate walls on the flow structure in the wake of a flow crossing a yawed circular cylinder. Two typical boundary conditions, nonslip and periodic, are investigated. It is revealed that the boundary condition of the two end-plates has a significant effect on the flow behaviors in the wake. Under the nonslip boundary condition, the vortex structure in the wake exhibits a tapering shape to the tip end. The flow pattern is formed in the wake as the streamlines on the tip side are becoming denser while the streamlines on the base end are becoming sparser. Spectral power analysis of the local lift coefficient shows that the frequency distribution exhibits axial variation. On the base side, the frequency distribution is broadband. On the tip side, there are two peak frequencies: the larger one corresponds to the value predicted by the independence principle, and the smaller one is generated by the secondary axial flow separation from the rear cylinder wall. Under the periodic condition, the numerical results show that organized Strouhal vortex is shed in the wake in the same way as to the flow orthogonally passing a cylinder and the independence principle is still applicable.
An Electric Load Simulator for Engine Camless Valvetrains
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Liu Liang , Zhu Xiangbin , Xu Zhaoping
Published: April 2019

Camless valvetrains have become a promising direction to improve the performance of internal combustion engines. In this paper, an electric load simulator is proposed to simulate and implement gas force on the exhaust valve for camless valvetrains under semi-physical conditions. According to test data, the 1D gas-dynamic model was established to get boundary conditions and initial values for 3D finite element simulation. The 3D finite element simulation model was solved to obtain the gas force characteristics of the exhaust valve for camless valvetrains. The electromagnetic actuator was designed according to the system scheme and performance requirements of the electric load simulator. The PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) algorithm was designed to control the output force of the electric load simulator and reproduce the gas force characteristics of the exhaust valve. It was found that the output force of the electric load simulator could follow the variation of the target gas force and meet the performance requirements of the electric load simulator based on simulation results and experimental results.
BIM-Based AR Maintenance System (BARMS) as an Intelligent Instruction Platform for Complex Plumbing Facilities
Authors: Diao Pei-Huang , Shih Naai-Jung
Published: April 2019

The traditional architectural design of facilities requires that maintenance workers refer between plumbing layout drawings and the actual facilities in complex, hidden, sealed in-wall, or low illumination environments. The purpose of a Building information modeling-based Augmented Reality Maintenance System (BARMS) in this study was to provide a smartphone-based platform and a new application scenario for cooling tower and pipe shutdown protocol in a real-world old campus building. An intelligent instruction framework was built considering subject, path, and actions. Challenges and solutions were created to monitor the subject and maintenance protocol while moving from inside to outside, between bright and dark environments, and when crossing building enclosures at roof level. Animated instruction using AR was interactive and followed the knowledge and management protocols of associated instruction aids. The results demonstrated a straightforward mapping of in-wall pipes and their connected valves, with practical auxiliary components of walking direction and path guidance. The suggested maintenance routes also ensured a worker’s safety. Statistical analysis showed a positive user response.
Improved Anti-Collision Algorithm for the Application on Intelligent Warehouse
Authors: Qiu Yishu , Xu Yezi , Yang Lvqing , Lu Jinsheng , Li Dingzhao
Published: April 2019

As an important part of economic development, warehousing logistics also needs to be transformed and upgraded in order to adapt to the development of the new situation. The RFID reader records the related information of the goods to improve the efficiency of warehouse operation by identifying the RFID tags attached to the goods in batches. This paper also proposes an improved group-based anti-collision algorithm (GMQT) to solve the problem of tag collision in the process of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) identification. The simulation results show that the GMQT algorithm improves the recognition efficiency of the system. The algorithm has the advantages of small data transmission and stable performance; in particular, the recognition efficiency is not affected by the number of tags.
Frequent Occurrence of NRAS and BRAF Mutations in Human Acral Naevi
Authors: Jansen Philipp , Cosgarea Ioana , Murali Rajmohan , Möller Inga , Sucker Antje , Franklin Cindy , Paschen Annette , Zaremba Anne , Brinker Titus J. , Stoffels Ingo , Schadendorf Dirk , Klode Joachim , Hadaschik Eva , Griewank Klaus G.
Published: April 2019

Acral naevi are benign melanocytic tumors occurring at acral sites. Occasionally they can progress to become malignant tumors (melanomas). The genetics of acral naevi have not been assessed in larger studies. In our study, a large cohort of 130 acral naevi was screened for gene mutations known to be important in other naevi and melanoma subtypes by targeted next-generation sequencing. Mutation status was correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Frequent mutations in genes activating the MAP kinase pathway were identified, including n = 87 (67%) BRAF, n = 24 (18%) NRAS, and one (1%) MAP2K1 mutations. BRAF mutations were almost exclusively V600E (n = 86, 99%) and primarily found in junctional and compound naevi. NRAS mutations were either Q61K or Q61R and frequently identified in dermal naevi. Recurrent non-V600E BRAF, KIT, NF1, and TERT promoter mutations, present in acral melanoma, were not identified. Our study identifies BRAF and NRAS mutations as the primary pathogenic event in acral naevi, however, distributed differently to those in non-acral naevi. The mutational profile of acral naevi is distinct from acral melanoma, which may be of diagnostic value in distinguishing these entities.
Novel Insights of Lymphomagenesis of Helicobacter pylori-Dependent Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma
Authors: Kuo Sung-Hsin , Wu Ming-Shiang , Yeh Kun-Huei , Lin Chung-Wu , Hsu Ping-Ning , Chen Li-Tzong , Cheng Ann-Lii
Published: April 2019

Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common subtype of gastric lymphoma. Most gastric MALT lymphomas are characterized by their association with the Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and are cured by first-line HP eradication therapy (HPE). Several studies have been conducted to investigate why most gastric MALT lymphomas remain localized, are dependent on HP infection, and show HP-specific intratumoral T-cells (e.g., CD40-mediated signaling, T-helper-2 (Th2)-type cytokines, chemokines, costimulatory molecules, and FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells) and their communication with B-cells. Furthermore, the reason why the antigen stimuli of these intratumoral T-cells with tonic B-cell receptor signaling promote lymphomagenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma has also been investigated. In addition to the aforementioned mechanisms, it has been demonstrated that the translocated HP cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) can promote B-cell proliferation through the activation of Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP-2) phosphorylation-dependent signaling, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, and Bcl-xL. Furthermore, the expression of CagA and these CagA-signaling molecules is closely associated with the HP-dependence of gastric MALT lymphomas (completely respond to first-line HPE). In this article, we summarize evidence of the classical theory of HP-reactive T-cells and the new paradigm of direct interaction between HP and B-cells that contributes to the HP-dependent lymphomagenesis of gastric MALT lymphomas. Although the role of first-line HPE in the treatment of HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma remains uncertain, several case series suggest that a proportion of HP-negative gastric MALT lymphomas remains antibiotic-responsive and is cured by HPE. Considering the complicated interaction between microbiomes and the genome/epigenome, further studies on the precise mechanisms of HP- and other bacteria-directed lymphomagenesis in antibiotic-responsive gastric MALT lymphomas are warranted.
Clinical Implications of Noncoding Indels in the Surfactant-Encoding Genes in Lung Cancer
Authors: Nakagomi Takahiro , Hirotsu Yosuke , Goto Taichiro , Shikata Daichi , Yokoyama Yujiro , Higuchi Rumi , Otake Sotaro , Amemiya Kenji , Oyama Toshio , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Omata Masao
Published: April 2019

Lung cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations, usually in exons. A recent study identified indel mutations in the noncoding region of surfactant-encoding genes in lung adenocarcinoma cases. In this study, we recruited 94 patients with 113 lung cancers (88 adenocarcinomas, 16 squamous cell carcinomas, and nine other histologies) who had undergone surgery in our department. A cancer panel was designed in-house for analyzing the noncoding regions, and targeted sequencing was performed. Indels in the noncoding region of surfactant-encoding genes were identified in 29/113 (25.7%) cases and represent the precise cell of origin for the lung cancer, irrespective of histological type and/or disease stage. In clinical practice, these indels may be used as clonal markers in patients with multiple cancers and to determine the origin of cancer of unknown primary site.
Everything You Always Wanted to Know about β3-AR * (* But Were Afraid to Ask)
Authors: Schena Giorgia , Caplan Michael J.
Published: April 2019

The beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) is by far the least studied isotype of the beta-adrenergic sub-family. Despite its study being long hampered by the lack of suitable animal and cellular models and inter-species differences, a substantial body of literature on the subject has built up in the last three decades and the physiology of β3-AR is unraveling quickly. As will become evident in this work, β3-AR is emerging as an appealing target for novel pharmacological approaches in several clinical areas involving metabolic, cardiovascular, urinary, and ocular disease. In this review, we will discuss the most recent advances regarding β3-AR signaling and function and summarize how these findings translate, or may do so, into current clinical practice highlighting β3-AR’s great potential as a novel therapeutic target in a wide range of human conditions.
Process Technology, Applications and Thermal Resistivity of Basalt Fiber Reinforced SiOC Composites
Authors: Gadow Rainer , Weichand Patrick , Jiménez Miguel
Published: April 2019

Promising lightweight composite materials, bridging the gap between Polymer and Ceramic Matrix Composites, are manufactured as polymer derived ceramics by the use of polysiloxanes and basalt fibers. Such competitive free formable Hybrid Composites are supposed to be capable for lightweight applications in a temperature range between 300 °C and 850 °C and short time exposure up to over 1000 °C, even in oxidative atmosphere. Cheap raw materials like basalt fibers and siloxane resins in combination with performing manufacturing technologies can establish completely new markets for intermediate temperature composites. These attributes enable the Hybrid Composites as ideal material for fire retardant applications in automotive engineering and public transportation, as well as in fire protection systems in electrical and civil engineering applications. In this study, the most prominent fields of application and engineering solutions for Hybrid-CMC are reviewed and the results of the thermal resistivity analysis effectuated on basalt fiber reinforced SiOC samples are presented. This study consisted of several air exposures between 1 h and 50 h and temperatures in the range of 650 °C to 1100 °C. Remaining mechanical resistance was characterized by Impulse Excitation Technique (IET) and Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS) tests. Basalt fiber reinforced samples exhibited a decent level of mechanical performance even after the most demanding exposures. Due to the poor oxidation resistance of carbon fibers, Cf/SiOC composites were completely degraded after long-term exposure at 500 °C in air.
A Review of Early Fault Diagnosis Approaches and Their Applications in Rotating Machinery
Authors: Wei Yu , Li Yuqing , Xu Minqiang , Huang Wenhu
Published: April 2019

Rotating machinery is widely applied in various types of industrial applications. As a promising field for reliability of modern industrial systems, early fault diagnosis (EFD) techniques have attracted increasing attention from both academia and industry. EFD is critical to provide appropriate information for taking necessary maintenance actions and thereby prevent severe failures and reduce financial losses. A massive amounts of research work has been conducted in last two decades to develop EFD techniques. This paper reviews and summarizes the research works on EFD of gears, rotors, and bearings. The main purpose of this paper is to serve as a guidemap for researchers in the field of early fault diagnosis. After a brief introduction of early fault diagnosis techniques, the applications of EFD of rotating machine are reviewed in two aspects: fault frequency-based methods and artificial intelligence-based methods. Finally, a summary and some new research prospects are discussed.
A Dynamic Rotor Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine with a Blade Transitioning Capability
Authors: Antar Elie , El Cheikh Amne , Elkhoury Michel
Published: April 2019

This work presents an optimized design of a dynamic rotor vertical-axis wind turbine (DR VAWT) which maximizes the operational tip-speed ratio (TSR) range and the average power coefficient (Cp) value while maintaining a low cut-in wind velocity. The DR VAWT is capable of mimicking a Savonius rotor during the start-up phase and transitioning into a Darrieus one with increasing rotor radius at higher TSRs. The design exploits the fact that with increasing rotor radius, the TSR value increases, where the peak power coefficient is attained. A 2.5D improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) approach was adopted in order to optimize the dynamic rotor design, where results showed that the generated blades’ trajectories can be readily replicated by simple mechanisms in reality. A thorough sensitivity analysis was conducted on the generated optimized blades’ trajectories, where results showed that they were insensitive to values of the Reynolds number. The performance of the DR VAWT turbine with its blades following different trajectories was contrasted with the optimized turbine, where the influence of the blade pitch angle was highlighted. Moreover, a cross comparison between the performance of the proposed design and that of the hybrid Savonius–Darrieus one found in the literature was carefully made. Finally, the effect of airfoil thickness on the performance of the optimized DR VAWT was thoroughly analyzed.
An Experimental Investigation of a Novel Low-Cost Photovoltaic Panel Active Cooling System
Authors: Benato Alberto , Stoppato Anna
Published: April 2019

Renewable energy sources are the most useful way to generate clean energy and guide the transition toward green power generation and a low-carbon economy. Among renewables, the best alternative to electricity generation from fossil fuels is solar energy because it is the most abundant and does not release pollutants during conversion processes. Despite the photovoltaic (PV) module ability to produce electricity in an eco-friendly way, PV cells are extremely sensitive to temperature increments. This can result in efficiency drop of 0.25%/ ∘ C to 0.5%/ ∘ C. To overcome this issue, manufacturers and researchers are devoted to the improvement of PV cell efficiency by decreasing operating temperature. For this purpose, the authors have developed a low-cost and high-performance PV cooling system that can drastically reduce module operating temperature. In the present work, the authors present a set of experimental measurements devoted to selecting the PV cooling arrangement that guarantees the best compromise of water-film uniformity, module temperature reduction, water-consumption minimization, and module power production maximization. Results show that a cooling system equipped with 3 nozzles characterized by a spraying angle of 90 ∘ , working with an inlet pressure of 1.5 bar, and which remains active for 30 s and is switched off for 120 s, can reduce module temperature by 28 ∘ C and improve the module efficiency by about 14%. In addition, cost per single module of the cooling system is only 15 €.
Improving Building Energy Efficiency through Measurement of Building Physics Properties Using Dynamic Heating Tests
Authors: Jankovic Ljubomir
Published: April 2019

Buildings contribute to nearly 30% of global carbon dioxide emissions, making a significant impact on climate change. Despite advanced design methods, such as those based on dynamic simulation tools, a significant discrepancy exists between designed and actual performance. This so-called performance gap occurs as a result of many factors, including the discrepancies between theoretical properties of building materials and properties of the same materials in buildings in use, reflected in the physics properties of the entire building. There are several different ways in which building physics properties and the underlying properties of materials can be established: a co-heating test, which measures the overall heat loss coefficient of the building; a dynamic heating test, which, in addition to the overall heat loss coefficient, also measures the effective thermal capacitance and the time constant of the building; and a simulation of the dynamic heating test with a calibrated simulation model, which establishes the same three properties in a non-disruptive way in comparison with the actual physical tests. This article introduces a method of measuring building physics properties through actual and simulated dynamic heating tests. It gives insights into the properties of building materials in use and it documents significant discrepancies between theoretical and measured properties. It introduces a quality assurance method for building construction and retrofit projects, and it explains the application of results on energy efficiency improvements in building design and control. It calls for re-examination of material properties data and for increased safety margins in order to make significant improvements in building energy efficiency.
Analyzing Carbon Emissions Embodied in Construction Services: A Dynamic Hybrid Input–Output Model with Structural Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xi , Li Zheng , Ma Linwei , Chong Chinhao , Ni Weidou
Published: April 2019

The energy embodied in construction services consumed by industrial sectors used to increase capacities has led to massive energy-related carbon emissions (ERCE). From the perspective of consumer responsibility, ERCE embodied in construction services is driven by technological changes and the increases in final demand of various sectors, including final consumption, fixed assets investment, and net export. However, little attention has been paid to decomposing sectoral responsibilities from this perspective. To fill this research gap, we propose a dynamic hybrid input–output model combined with structural decomposition analysis (DHI/O-SDA model). We introduce DHI/O modeling into the estimation of ERCE embodied in construction services from the perspective of consumer responsibility and introduce SDA into DHI/O models to improve the resolution of the estimate. Taking China as a case study, we verified the DHI/O-SDA model and present the bilateral relationships among sectoral responsibilities for ERCE embodied in construction services. A major finding is that the “Other Tertiary Industry” sector is most responsible for ERCE embodied in construction services and strongly influences other sectors. Therefore, controlling the final demand increase of the service industry will be the most effective policy to reduce the ERCE embodied in construction services.
Static Operational Impacts of Residential Solar PV Plants on the Medium Voltage Distribution Grids—A Case Study Based on the Danish Island Bornholm
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Yang Guangya
Published: April 2019

Driven by the Energy Strategy 2050 of Denmark, renewable energy sources (RESs) are increasingly integrated into the Danish power grid. Solar photovoltaic (PV) plants play an important role in this process. This paper conducted a study to investigate the impacts of residential solar PV integration in the distribution grid on voltage security and grid loss based on the 10 kV distribution grid in Bornholm. Three case studies are performed to test three different reactive power control methods, i.e., PF(P), constant PF and constant Q, at different penetration levels. The assessment of the impacts of PV integration and different control methods are done in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory. It was found that PV integration can contribute to reducing the loss of the system, increased overvoltage in buses and overload in transformers, and 40% penetration at the low voltage is considered to be an optimal level based on the result. PF(P) control gives the best performance among all three methods under the current grid codes. With constant PF control, it was found that the system loss can be significantly reduced if the PV systems operate with a power factor of 0.9 leading, which is not the norm of the current Danish grid code.
Influence of Inclined Magnetic Field on Carreau Nanoliquid Thin Film Flow and Heat Transfer with Graphene Nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Noor Saeed , Gul Taza , Kumam Poom , Shah Zahir , Islam Saeed , Khan Waris , Zuhra Samina , Sohail Arif
Published: April 2019

The thermodynamics of a Carreau nanoliquid thin film embedded with graphene nanoparticles past a stretching sheet is studied in the presence of inclined magnetic field and non-uniform heat source/sink. Graphene is a new two-dimensional amphiphilic macromolecule which has great applications due to its electrical and mechanical properties. The basic constitutive equations of Carreau nanoliquid for velocity and temperature have been used. Similarity transformations are adopted to achieve the nonlinear coupled differential equations accompanying boundary conditions embedded with different parameters. HAM (Homotopy Analysis Method) is used to solve the transformed equations for expressions of velocity and temperature. Graphs are shown which illustrate the effects of various parameters of interest. There exists a nice agreement between the present and published results. The results are useful for the thermal conductivity and in the analysis and design of coating processes.
Reducing of Energy Consumption by Improving the Reclaiming Technology in Autoclave of a Rubber Wastes
Authors: Dobrotă Dan , Dobrotă Gabriela
Published: April 2019

The devulcanization of the rubber wastes in autoclave represent a technological variant that allows the superior utilization of rubber wastes, but with high energy consumption. The researches aimed at improving the devulcanization technology in order to obtain reclaimed rubber with superior characteristics, but also with a reduction in energy consumption. An improvement to devulcanization technology consisted in vacuuming the autoclave at the end of the devulcanization process. An increase in the degree of devulcanization of the rubber from 86.83% to 93.81% and an improvement of the physico-mechanical characteristics of the reclaimed rubber was achieved by applying this technology. The realization of the new type of regenerated rubber allowed for an increase in the degree of it use for different mixtures, from 15–20 phr to 30–40 phr without substantially affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the products. Additionally, the researche has shown that, by obtaining the new type of reclaimed rubber, the duration of the refining process has been reduced by 30%. All of this leads to a considerable reduction in energy consumption and transformation of the rubber waste reclaiming process into a sustainable one.
Experimental Study on the Fire-Spreading Characteristics and Heat Release Rates of Burning Vehicles Using a Large-Scale Calorimeter
Authors: Park Younggi , Ryu Jaiyoung , Ryou Hong Sun
Published: April 2019

In this article, large-scale experimental studies were conducted to figure out the fire characteristics, such as fire-spreading, toxic gases, and heat release rates, using large-scale calorimeter for one- and two-vehicle fires. The initial ignition position was the passenger seat, and thermocouples were attached to each compartment in the vehicles to determine the temperature distribution as a function of time. For the analysis, the time was divided into sections for the various fire-spreading periods and major changes, e.g., the fire spreading from the first vehicle to the second vehicle. The maximum temperature of 1400 °C occurred in the seats because they contained combustible materials. The maximum heat release rates were 3.5 MW and 6 MW for one and two vehicles, respectively. Since the time to reach 1 MW was about 240 s (4 min) before and after, the beginning of the car fire appears to be a medium-fast growth type. It shows the effect on the human body depending on the concentration of toxic substances such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
Characteristics and Expression Analysis of FmTCP15 under Abiotic Stresses and Hormones and Interact with DELLA Protein in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.
Authors: Liang Nansong , Zhan Yaguang , Yu Lei , Wang Ziqing , Zeng Fansuo
Published: April 2019

The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATION CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor is a plant-specific gene family and acts on multiple functional genes in controlling growth, development, stress response, and the circadian clock. In this study, a class I member of the TCP family from Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. was isolated and named FmTCP15, which encoded a protein of 362 amino acids. Protein structures were analyzed and five ligand binding sites were predicted. The phylogenetic relationship showed that FmTCP15 was most closely related to Solanaceae and Plantaginaceae. FmTCP15 was localized in the nuclei of F. mandshurica protoplast cells and highly expressed in cotyledons. The expression pattern revealed the FmTCP15 response to multiple abiotic stresses and hormone signals. Downstream genes for transient overexpression of FmTCP15 in seedlings were also investigated. A yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed that FmTCP15 could interact with DELLA proteins. FmTCP15 participated in the GA-signaling pathway, responded to abiotic stresses and hormone signals, and regulated multiple genes in these biological processes. Our study revealed the potential value of FmTCP15 for understanding the molecular mechanisms of stress and hormone signal responses.