bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Irrigation Performance in Boyalıca Pump Irrigation
Authors: Chote Barke Hussein , Kuşçu Hayrettin
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışma 2016-2020 yılları arasında İznik-Bursa'da yer alan Boyalıca Pompaj Sulamasının performansını değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Performans değerlendirmesinde Uluslararası Sulama ve Drenajda Teknoloji ve Araştırma Programı tarafından önerilen bir gösterge seti kullanılmıştır. Su kullanım etkinliği göstergelerinin ortalama sonuçlarına göre, sulama oranı %63.2, yıllık su temin oranı 0.71, sulanan birim alana ve sulama birim alanına saptırılan yıllık sulama suyu miktarı sırasıyla 7317 m3 ha-1 ve 4644 m3 ha-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Finansal etkinlik açısından ortalama sonuçlar incelendiğinde, bakım maliyetinin gelire oranı %47, tahsilat oranı %95.5, birim alan başına toplam işletme-bakım-yönetim masrafı 752 TL ha-1, kullanıcılara iletilen toplam sulama suyu için ortalama gelir 0.22 TL m-3 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma alanındaki masrafların karşılanma oranı %46.7 olarak saptanmıştır. Tarımsal üretim etkinliğinin ortalama sonuçlarına göre, sulama alanı eşdeğer brüt üretim değeri 3859 $ ha-1, fiilen sulanan alan eşdeğer brüt üretim değeri 6088 $ ha-1 ve saptırılan birim sulama suyuna karşılık eşdeğer brüt üretim değeri ise 0.86 $ m-3 olarak belirlenmiştir.
ПРАВОВІ ОСНОВИ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ БІЖЕНЦІВ КРАЇНАМИ ЄС
Authors: Бинюк Н. М. , Ткачук В. В.
Published: June 2024

З 24 лютого 2022 року, коли росія розпочала жорстоке військове вторгнення в Україну, Європейський Союз вжив рішучих та скоординованих заходів, щоб допомогти українському народу. Допомога ЄС включає пряму гуманітарну допомогу, надзвичайну допомогу в сфері цивільного захисту, підтримку на кордоні: допомогу в розміщенні та реєстрації біженців, а також надання їм інформації та інших необхідних послуг, надання захисту: тим, хто рятується від війни, зокрема надання їм статусу біженця або тимчасового захисту в ЄС. Поточна ситуація з біженцями у світі є однією з найактуальніших та найгостріших проблем нашого часу, особливо в контексті війни в Україні. Мільйони людей змушені покинути свої домівки через конфлікт. У цій статті досліджується поняття «біженець» з точки зору міжнародного права, зокрема права Європейського Союзу. Розглянуто ознаки та категорії біженців, а також проаналізовано поточну ситуацію з біженцями в ЄС, наводячи статистичні дані. Окремо охарактеризовані нормативно-правові акти, що регулюють права та обов'язки біженців, а також варіанти легалізації їх перебування на території країн ЄС. У статті чітко окреслено перелік прав, які отримують біженці під час отримання відповідного статусу, та детально проаналізовано Директиву про тимчасовий захист. Активація Директиви про тимчасовий захист свідчить про глибоке розуміння та готовність Європейського Союзу надати допомогу та підтримку біженцям з України. У рамках Конвенції про статус біженців 1951 року біженець визнається як особа, що стала жертвою переслідувань та перебуває поза межами своєї країни з обґрунтованих побоювань. Дослідження розглядає ключові аспекти статусу, захисту та інтеграції біженців у суспільство з точки зору міжнародного та європейського права. Визначено різні категорії біженців, зокрема жінок і дітей, осіб, які перетнули кордон до початку війни, літніх людей та інших громадян України, які мають право на виїзд.
АНГЛІЙСЬКИЙ СЕРЕДНЬОВІЧНИЙ ЦЕРКОВНИЙ СУД: НИЗОВА МІСЦЕВА ЛАНКА ЦЕРКОВНОГО СУДОЧИНСТВА
Authors: Шевченко А. Є.
Published: June 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей організації і функціонування низової місцевої ланки європейського церковного судочинства на матеріалі середньовічної Англії. Зазначено, що в сучасній зарубіжній і вітчизняній історіографії визнається, що церковні суди на рівні диоцезів (єпархій) розробили та застосували впорядковану систему ведення справ, завдяки чому відігравали тривалу та важливу роль в історії права й суспільства. Констатовано, що архіви церковних судів різних рівнів становлять дуже велику частину свідчень, що збереглися з доби Середньовіччя. Автор звертає увагу на те, що судова практика низової місцевої ланки церковного судочинства доводить таке: 1) вплив канонічного права пронизував весь середньовічний суспільний лад, а не лише духовенство чи побожних; канонічне право неодноразово торкалося життя практично кожної людини від колиски до могили; 2) середньовічні канонічне право і цивільне право мали тісний симбіотичний зв’язок одне з одним. Проаналізовано процес професіоналізації англійських місцевих церковних судів, розвиток канонічної судової процедури і запровадження процесуальних новацій, компетенцію церковної юрисдикції і її відносини зі світським правосуддям. Зроблено висновок, що середньовічні місцеві церковні суди відіграли значну роль як у розвитку англійського загального права, так і в поширенні канонічного права.
Tác động của so sánh xã hội đến tâm trạng tiêu cực, sự trầm cảm và hành vi mua sắm bốc đồng tại Việt Nam
Authors: Nguyễn Tuấn Đạt
Published: June 2024

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm xác định và đo lường sự tác động của so sánh xã hội đến tâm trạng tiêu cực, sự trầm cảm và hành vi mua sắm bốc đồng tại Việt Nam. Đồng thời, đo lường sự điều tiết của niềm tin bản thân làm giảm đi sự tác động của so sánh xã hội đến tâm trạng tiêu cực của khách hàng. Đối tượng khảo sát là khách hàng sử dụng mạng xã hội và mua sắm trực tuyến, dữ liệu sơ cấp chính thức là 647 mẫu. Nghiên cứu định lượng chính thức được thực hiện với các kiểm định độ tin cậy, CFA và mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính SEM để kết luận. Nghiên cứu cung cấp bằng chứng thực nghiệm cho khách hàng khi so sánh bản thân với các người dùng khác trên mạng xã hội sẽ làm gia tăng tâm trạng tiêu cực. Từ đó, gia tăng trạng thái trầm cảm và thực hiện hành vi mua sắm bốc đồng không có lợi cho bản thân. Tuy nhiên, niềm tin bản thân có thể làm hạn chế được sự tác động của so sánh xã hội.
One man's waste is another man's business
Authors: Toivanen Kati
Published: June 2024

A form of “green entrepreneurship” was born and developed in Finland during the first decades of the 20th century but not intentionally and not on ecological principles. As the melting technology in iron and steel industry developed considerably in the earlier decades, it slowly created demand for and supply of more raw material.  Gradually, scrap became the most important and valuable waste raw material. A huge leap in technology, changes in national legislation concerning freedom of occupation, and the growing waste problem created a new group of professionals. Many new entrepreneurs came from marginalized ethnic, social, or religious groups with few options. This paper examines the birth of Finnish scrap business as a systematic profession to collect and sort scrap iron and metals and to deliver them to the iron and steel industry and engineering works, from around 1900 until 1930. The focus is on two themes: the demand for, and the size of the new profession, and the status and background of the entrepreneurs. Who were they? How did they succeed? How did scrap materials circulate?
Influência dos avós no processo escolar dos netos em colégio confessional católico
Authors: Santos Maria das Graças Fonseca dos , Rabinovich Elaine Pedreira , Azambuja Rosa Maria da Motta
Published: June 2024

Entende-se que os avós têm um papel fundamental na vida dos seus netos e a convivência pode ser agradável para ambos com forte legado para as gerações. São considerados, frequentemente, figuras importantes em todos os sentidos, inclusive em relação à aprendizagem escolar, motivando e apoiando os netos em idade escolar, desde levá-los à escola e ajuda na realização das tarefas escolares. O objetivo principal da nossa pesquisa foi descrever a influência do convívio avós-netos no contexto educacional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa social realizada em uma escola da rede particular de confissão católica de I e II graus no município de Salvador, Bahia, com 15 participantes, sendo 05 irmãs religiosas, 05 especialistas e 05 funcionários da equipe de apoio e administrativo. Optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa exploratória por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados foram organizados em dois grandes eixos: perfil dos netos matriculados e avós no contexto escolar e os dados decorrentes das entrevistas foram organizados nos seguintes tópicos: presença dos avós: assuntos e atividades institucionais; influência dos avós no processo escolar dos netos. Concluímos com a pesquisa que os avós atuam nas tarefas escolares e influenciam no desempenho escolar.
Negociaciones entre hermanas y hermanos para los cuidados transnacionales de madres y padres no migrantes en Perú
Authors: Carbajal Myrian , Cavagnoud Robin , Ramírez Carolina , Stefoni Carolina
Published: June 2024

A partir de 14 entrevistas a profundidad con personas migrantes peruanas residentes en Suiza, el artículo analiza los arreglos familiares entre las y los hermanos migrantes y no migrantes en favor de sus madres y padres radicados en Perú. Los hallazgos subrayan que la toma de decisiones está marcada por relaciones de poder, donde el género y los recursos económicos desempeñan un rol decisivo. Así mismo, las negociaciones entre hermanas y hermanos están relacionadas con la capacidad de cumplir el deber filial de cuidar y de sentirse reconocido como el hijo o la hija que cuida a sus padres, tal como estos lo hicieron cuando ellos eran niños. Si bien la muestra abarca a un grupo de migrantes establecidos en Suiza que logró importantes niveles de integración social, cultural y laboral, los resultados proporcionan pistas sobre la problemática de los cuidados transnacionales aplicables a otros contextos de migración sur-norte.
The Influence of Trust and Ease of Using Paylater on Impluse Buying in Users E-Commerce
Authors: Budiarti Sari , Hardini Resti , Sudirdja Putri Fitrah , Annisa Resi , Hasannuddin M. Fuad
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of trust and ease of using Paylater on impulse buying tendencies of e-commerce users. This study uses quantitative methods based on a questionnaire obtained from 100 respondents using a Likert scale. This research data was calculated using SPSS through validity & reliability test, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, simple linear regression analysis, partial t test, simultaneous f test, & coefficient of determination test. The results of this study show that the ease of use of Paylater has a significant positive effect on impluse buying, while trust in Paylater is not proven to have a significant effect on impluse buying. However, the finding of no significant effect of trust in the use of Paylater on impluse buying contradictsprevious research (Verhagen et al, 2011). This difference may be due to different research contexts or other factors that influence consumer trust in Paylater. The conclusion of this study is that the findings of this study add new insights in studying what factors influence impulse buying in the context of e-commerce, especially related to the use of Paylater.
History of the Corded Decoration Technique in the Right Bank Ukraine During the Eneolithic
Authors: Ivanov Mykyta
Published: June 2024

Since many scholars (M. Gimbutas, D. Telehin, T. Movsha and others) considered the corded pottery decoration as a feature of the so-called pra-Indo-European cultural complex, the history of its diffusion is one of the key problems of the Eastern European past of the 5th–4th Millennia BC. Nevertheless, despite the question's significance, no comprehensive research would describe the spread of the corded decoration throughout Europe and define which cultures used it first. Fulfilment of this lacune is the purpose of the research paper.
The scholarly novelty of the paper is such that for the first time, the corded pottery of the thirteen Eneolithic cultures will be analysed within the same text: Seredniy Stih, Dereivka, Moliukhiv Buhor, Rohachyk, Serezliivka, Yanmaya, Lukashivka, Sofiivka, Horodsk-Volhynia, Gordinești, Kasperivtsi and Usatovo. The main method of the paper is typological. Also, when it is possible, we use the methods of descriptive statistics.
Conclusions. As a result of the conducted analysis, researchers concluded that classical corded decoration appears within the environment of the Trypillia and so-called ‘steppe’ cultures almost simultaneously – at the beginning of the 4th Millennia BC. Further, the corded decoration became widespread within the Trypillia culture, where it is documented on the pottery of every late Trypillian local variant, while for the ‘steppe’ cultures, the corded decoration remains marginal. Based on this, the researchers claim that the appearance of cord decoration in the steppe is a sign of Trypillian influences and not the other way around – an influence on Trypillia from the side of the steppe. In addition, the authors believe that the few finds of dishes decorated with cord impressions in the environment of the Serezliivka culture are an additional argument in favour of the formation of the latter based on the Trypillia culture.
Supplementum 107 р. до Р.Х. у контексті трансформації армії Стародавнього Риму
Authors: Oliynyk Mykola , Strelbycka Sana
Published: June 2024

Мета статті: дослідити обставини прийняття рішення щодо поповнення римського війська (supplementum) у 107 р. до Р.Х. під час Югуртинської війни.
Наукова новизна роботи полягає у тому, що вперше проблема supplementum (підкріплення для вже діючого війська), виділена в окреме дослідження. На широкій джерельній базі висвітлено процес вербування добровольців на тлі війни з нумідійцями 112-105 рр. до Р.Х. і внутрішньополітичної боротьби в Римі кінця 1 ст. до Р.Х. Проаналізовані причини supplementum, а також його специфіку, попередні звернення до цього виду набору та прерогативи сенату чи певної посадової особи щодо його впровадження та проведення.
Висновки. У дослідженні ми визначили, що інформацію про supplementum для Марія повідомляє лише Саллюстій у свої праці «Югуртинська війна». Також, аналізуючи джерела, доведено, що Марій порушив правило набору в рамках supplementum лише в тому, що він вербував представників найбідніших верств населення без загрози для існування держави, адже її тоді зі сторони Нумідії не було – на відміну від північних кордонів. Так що не можна відкидати те, що принаймні половину набраного Марієм підкріплення складали громадяни з числа assidui, навіть ті ж самі evocati. Аналізуючи праці Дж. Річа, П. Бранта, Л. де Ліґта, Ф. Кадю, доведено, що браку в «гідних, добрих людях» (boni) тоді не було. Це пов’язано, насамперед, з поступовим зниженням мінімального цензу для проходження військової служби. Залучення зубожілих верств римського населення було спорадичною практикою, адже протягом 1 ст. до Р.Х. продовжувався традиційний вербунок згідно майнової кваліфікації. Марій скористався можливістю набору для усіх бажаючих служити під його командуванням.
Прискорений supplementum не став чимось революційним для римського війська. У майбутньому тривалі війни вимагали дедалі частіших додаткових наборів, але в джерелах, які описують події після Югуртинської війни, вже не бачимо пасажів з таким осудженням дій, як це спостерігаємо на прикладі епізодів, пов’язаних із поповненням для африканського війська, яке здійснив Гай Марій.
Detecting and Segmenting Solar Farms in Satellite Imagery: A Study of Deep Neural Network Architectures
Authors: Olweus Erling , Mengshoel Ole J
Published: June 2024

In line with global sustainability goals, such as the Paris Agreement, accurate mapping, monitoring, and management of solar farms are critical for achieving net zero emissions by 2050. However, many solar installations remain undocumented, posing a challenge. This paper studies semantic segmentation using deep neural networks, including networks constructed using network architecture search (NAS), for solar farm detection. Semantic segmentation has evolved through technologies like Fully Convolutional Networks and U-Net, which have shown strong performance on satellite imagery. For NAS, Differentiable Architecture Search and its variants like Auto-DeepLab have become efficient ways to automate the creation of neural network architectures. This work compares models generated using Auto-DeepLab to Solis-seg, a Deep Neural Network optimized for detecting solar farms in satellite imagery. Solis-seg achieves a mean Intersection over Union (IoU) of 96.26% on a European Sentinel-2 dataset, with Auto-DeepLab models lagging slightly behind. Our results for Solis-seg also challenge the prevailing method of using transfer learning from classification tasks for semantic segmentation. Thus, this work contributes to both the field of earth observation machine learning and the global transition to renewable energy by studying an efficient, scalable approach to tracking solar installations. We believe that this paper offers valuable insights into applying advanced machine learning techniques to solar farm detection and can be useful for further research in earth observation and sustainability.
Can machine learning help reveal the competitive advantage of elite beach volleyball players?
Authors: Thorsen Ola , Esema Emmanuel , Hemaz Said , Ellefsen Kai Olav , Herrebrøden Henrik , Von Arnim Hugh A , Torresen Jim
Published: June 2024

As the world of competitive sports increasingly embraces data-driven techniques, our research explores the potential of machine learning in distinguishing elite from semi-elite beach volleyball players. This study is motivated by the need to understand the subtle yet crucial differences in player movements that contribute to high-level performance in beach volleyball. Utilizing advanced machine learning techniques, we analyzed specific movement patterns of the motion of the torso during spikes, captured through vest-mounted accelerometers. Our approach offers novel insights into the nuanced dynamics of elite play, revealing that certain movement patterns are distinctly characteristic of higher skill levels. One of our key contributions is the ability to classify spiking movements at different skill levels with an accuracy rate as high as 87%. This current research provides a foundation of what separates elite players from their semi-elite counterparts.
3D Pointcloud Registration In-the-wild
Authors: Ivarsen Peter Ørnulf , Bakken Marianne , Mohammed Ahmed
Published: June 2024

This study assesses two state-of-the-art (SOTA) pointcloud registration approaches on industrially challenging datasets, focusing on two specific cases. The first case involves the application of Lidar-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) in a tunnel environment, while the second case revolves around aligning RGBD scans from intricately symmetrical cast-iron machine parts within the domain of small-scale industrial production. Our evaluation involves testing state-of-the-art pointcloud registration approaches both with and without fine-tuning, and comparing the results to a classical hand crafted feature extractors. Our experimental findings reveal that existing SOTA models exhibit limited generalization capability when confronted with the more challenging pointcloud data. Moreover, robust generalizable methods beyond training are currently unavailable, highlighting a notable gap in addressing challenges associated with industrial datasetsin pointcloud registration.
PRODUTOS COM CERTIFICAÇÃO DE INDICAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA NO LITORAL PARANAENSE
Authors: Dos Santos Ferreira da Rocha Karina Beatriz , Deretti Sandro
Published: June 2024

Este artigo examina a certificação de Indicação Geográfica (IG) no litoral paranaense, explorando seus benefícios, desafios e impacto no desenvolvimento regional. A IG é uma ferramenta que confere reputação, valor e identidade a produtos específicos de uma região, diferenciando-os de outros disponíveis no mercado. A certificação de IG pode ser classificada em diferentes tipologias, incluindo Denominação de Origem (DO) e Indicação de Procedência (IP), cada uma com critérios específicos de reconhecimento. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o impacto da certificação de IG na valorização dos produtos locais e no desenvolvimento socioeconômico da região. A metodologia adotada baseou-se em uma revisão bibliográfica detalhada sobre o tema, abrangendo estudos e relatórios relevantes. Os resultados mostram que a certificação de IG contribui significativamente para a valorização dos produtos, aumentando suas vendas e abrindo novos mercados. Além disso, a IG promove a visibilidade regional, incentivando o turismo e impulsionando a economia local. No entanto, a disseminação do conceito de IG entre os consumidores ainda enfrenta desafios, como a falta de conhecimento e compreensão do valor agregado por essas certificações. No Brasil, a certificação de IG tem ganhado importância, com várias regiões buscando proteger e valorizar seus produtos locais. No Paraná, a IG tem sido implementada com sucesso em diversas áreas, refletindo a diversidade e a riqueza cultural do estado. Especificamente no litoral do Paraná, produtos como a bala de banana e a cachaça artesanal têm se destacado, mostrando como a IG pode beneficiar economias locais e preservar tradições culturais. Conclui-se que, apesar das barreiras, a IG representa uma estratégia eficaz para o desenvolvimento sustentável de regiões produtoras, beneficiando tanto produtores quanto consumidores.
Adapting to the digital wave: tour guides’ role perception and technological integration in the cultural ecosystem
Authors: Marchegiani Lucia , Nasta Luigi , Pirolo Luca
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of digital technologies in the cultural heritage domain, particularly in the evolving landscape of the hospitality ecosystem. This ecosystem, prioritising personal interactions and improving life quality, demands a strategic change from cultural organisations to address the challenges of digitalisation and the shifting patterns of visitor engagement. Tour guides are central to this adaptation process since they play a pivotal role in the cultural sector. Thus, our research delves into how these guides perceive themselves and adapt to digital tools, impacting their ability to offer genuine cultural experiences. These experiences are fundamental in promoting sustainable tourism, reinforcing local identity, and nurturing community bonds. Our findings disclose a spectrum of different types of tour guides, each group characterised by distinct levels of digital skills and willingness to embrace technological change. Through this study, we aim to contribute to the theory of the digital cultural ecosystem by highlighting the significant role that culture and creativity play, supported by digital advancements, in formulating comprehensive and integrated strategies for cultural tourism management and the overall hospitality sector.
Changing trends in crop management practices and performance attributes of rice-based systems of coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Amirul , Pariyar Shyam , Krupnik Timothy J. , Becker Mathias
Published: June 2024

Climate change affects changes in rice-based systems of coastal Bangladesh. Both external pressures and system-immanent attributes influence farmers’ adoption of new production practices, leading to the emergence of new land use patterns. Field and household surveys quantified recent and emerging change trends in crop yields and associated intensification-related practices in representative rice-based systems, using a diachronic approach (comparing the years 2011 and 2021). We analyzed 240 rice-producing farms, representing three rice-based cropping systems, namely extensive rice-fallow rotations, intensified irrigated rice double rotations, and diversified rice-mungbean rotations. The study sites contrasted favorable biophysical conditions (climate, soil type, water source and quality, soil fertility) in the Barishal district, and marginal (unfavorable biophysical environments) conditions at Patuakhali district in coastal Bangladesh. Soil fertility attributes were assessed at both study sites. The type, the extent, and the pathways of recent changes differed between locations, systems and seasons. We observed significant increases in aggregated yield (across crops and seasons), in individual crop yields, and in economic yields at both the marginal and the favorable sites. Crop yields varied widely (rice: 3.0–7.8 t ha–1, mungbean: 0.4–1.5 t ha–1), and rice yield was higher in dry than in the wet season. Farmers’ adoption of intensification practices started earlier in the marginal study area, but the extent of the changes was larger at favorable sites. Most prominent was the mechanization of tillage operations and an increased use of mineral fertilizers, with the largest changes observed in irrigated rice and in dry season mungbean. Such site-, system-, and season-specific assessments will permit identifying drivers of change and can inform the assessment of potential future patterns of land system changes.
Asset maintenance in Australian commercial buildings
Authors: West Jye , Evangelista Ana , Siddhpura Milind , Haddad Assed
Published: June 2024

Introduction

This study examines the complex link between regular maintenance procedures and the effectiveness of business-related assets in Australia. Commercial buildings are essential to the country’s economy, and the variables affecting their worth must be carefully analysed.

Methods

This study evaluates the relationship between asset value and maintenance frequency, examines how maintenance practices affect building performance, and considers industry perspectives on improperly versus correctly maintained assets.

Results

The study’s findings highlight the significance of renovations, along with adaptive reuse, in raising asset value; however, despite various maintenance techniques available, the Australian commercial building industry has challenges. Budgetary constraints, for instance, pose a significant hurdle, with many companies struggling to allocate sufficient funds for comprehensive maintenance plans. The findings of this research highlight the positive shift towards technology-driven maintenance procedures in business establishments in Australia. The adoption of computerised Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) and Building Management Systems (BMS) is rising, automating repetitive tasks, improving maintenance procedures, and enabling data-driven decisions.

Discussion

This study thoroughly explains the complex processes influencing the value and usefulness of commercial architecture resources in the Australian setting by addressing the differing perspectives within the real estate industry. Future research on this topic should focus on recognising the psychological components of decision-making concerning maintenance practices. Investigating how psychological prejudices, perceptions of danger, and organisational culture affect the choices made by property owners, facility administration, and others can help us better understand why some maintenance methods are preferred over others.
The F-box protein FBXL-5 governs vitellogenesis and lipid homeostasis in C. elegans
Authors: Breen Peter C. , Kanakanui Kendall G. , Newman Martin A. , Dowen Robert H.
Published: June 2024

The molecular mechanisms that govern the metabolic commitment to reproduction, which often occurs at the expense of somatic reserves, remain poorly understood. We identified the Caenorhabditis elegans F-box protein FBXL-5 as a negative regulator of maternal provisioning of vitellogenin lipoproteins, which mediate the transfer of intestinal lipids to the germline. Mutations in fbxl-5 partially suppress the vitellogenesis defects observed in the heterochronic mutants lin-4 and lin-29, both of which ectopically express fbxl-5 at the adult developmental stage. FBXL-5 functions in the intestine to negatively regulate expression of the vitellogenin genes; and consistently, intestine-specific over-expression of FBXL-5 is sufficient to inhibit vitellogenesis, restrict lipid accumulation, and shorten lifespan. Our epistasis analyses suggest that fbxl-5 functions in concert with cul-6, a cullin gene, and the Skp1-related gene skr-3 to regulate vitellogenesis. Additionally, fbxl-5 acts genetically upstream of rict-1, which encodes the core mTORC2 protein Rictor, to govern vitellogenesis. Together, our results reveal an unexpected role for a SCF ubiquitin-ligase complex in controlling intestinal lipid homeostasis by engaging mTORC2 signaling.
Corporate policies to protect against disinformation for young audiences: the case of TikTok
Authors: Quintas-Froufe Natalia , González-Neira Ana , Fiaño-Salinas Carlota
Published: June 2024

Disinformation and fake news have become highly prevalent on social networks. As such, many platforms have tried to reduce audience exposure to false or erroneous data by implementing corporate policies to protect users. This is especially relevant in social networks aimed at young people, as is the case of TikTok. In recent years, such mediums have become more popular than news sites among young audiences. The purpose of this article is to analyze what these policies are, on what topics they are implemented and how they are being monitored and enforced by the social network TikTok during the period 2020–24. Nonetheless, it must also be mentioned that it is still too early to make a complete and comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of these policies because many of them are not yet fully implemented.
Cardiotoxicity of CPX-351 in children and adolescents with relapsed AML: a Children's Oncology Group report
Authors: Leger Kasey J. , Absalon Michael J. , Demissei Biniyam G. , Smith Amanda M. , Gerbing Robert B. , Alonzo Todd A. , Narayan Hari K. , Hirsch Betsy A. , Pollard Jessica A. , Razzouk Bassem I. , Getz Kelly D. , Aplenc Richard , Kolb E. Anders , Ky Bonnie , Cooper Todd M.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Anthracyclines are effective in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but limited by cardiotoxicity. CPX-351, a liposomal daunorubicin and cytarabine, may provide therapeutic benefit with less cardiotoxicity. Acute changes in left ventricular systolic function and cardiac biomarkers were evaluated after a cycle of CPX-351 in children with relapsed AML treated on the phase 1/2 Children's Oncology Group study, AAML1421.

Methods

Subjects received 135 units/m2/dose of CPX-351 on days 1, 3, and 5 as cycle 1. Echocardiograms were performed and centrally quantitated at baseline and at the end of cycle 1 (day 29 +/− 1 week). High sensitivity troponin (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured at baseline and serially through the end of cycle 1 (days 5, 8, 15, 22 and 29). Differences between baseline and post-CPX-351 echo/biomarker measures were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Linear regression was used to model post-CPX-351 left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with cTnT/NT-proBNP at each time point, controlling for baseline LVEF. Cancer therapy related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) was defined as a decline in LVEF of ≥10%–<50%.

Results

Twenty-five of 38 heavily anthracycline pre-treated (median 348 mg/m2 daunorubicin equivalents) subjects enrolled on AAML1421 were included in the cardiac analyses. At baseline, centrally quantitated LVEF was <50% in 8 of 25 subjects (32%) with a median LVEF of 53.8% [48.0, 56.9]. Following CPX-351, LVEF declined significantly (ΔLVEF −3.3% [−7.8, 0]) and 6 of 25 subjects (24%) experienced CTRCD. Amongst all subjects, hs-cTnT was modestly increased at end of cycle 1 compared to baseline [baseline hs-cTnT 7.2 (3, 10.6); ΔcTnT 1.80 (0, 6.1), p = 0.03]. NT-proBNP remained stably elevated without significant change. No significant associations were seen between NT-proBNP or cTnT levels and post-CPX-351 LVEF.

Discussion

In this single arm study of anthracycline pre-treated children exposed to CPX-351, baseline abnormalities in cardiovascular function were prevalent. Following CPX-351, LVEF decreased, cTnT increased, and NT-proBNP did not change. Longer follow-up is needed to determine whether these changes result in clinically meaningful long-term decrements in cardiac function. An ongoing randomized trial of CPX-351 compared to standard anthracyclines in anthracycline naïve patients will provide further insight into the cardiac effects of CPX-351 (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04293562).
An encoding framework for binarized images using hyperdimensional computing
Authors: Smets Laura , Van Leekwijck Werner , Tsang Ing Jyh , Latré Steven
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) is a brain-inspired and lightweight machine learning method. It has received significant attention in the literature as a candidate to be applied in the wearable Internet of Things, near-sensor artificial intelligence applications, and on-device processing. HDC is computationally less complex than traditional deep learning algorithms and typically achieves moderate to good classification performance. A key aspect that determines the performance of HDC is encoding the input data to the hyperdimensional (HD) space.

Methods

This article proposes a novel lightweight approach relying only on native HD arithmetic vector operations to encode binarized images that preserves the similarity of patterns at nearby locations by using point of interest selection and local linear mapping.

Results

The method reaches an accuracy of 97.92% on the test set for the MNIST data set and 84.62% for the Fashion-MNIST data set.

Discussion

These results outperform other studies using native HDC with different encoding approaches and are on par with more complex hybrid HDC models and lightweight binarized neural networks. The proposed encoding approach also demonstrates higher robustness to noise and blur compared to the baseline encoding.
How employee corporate social responsibility participation promotes pro-environmental behavior
Authors: Min Yan Ai , Hao Ma , Yang Xiao , Ling Deng Yu , Yuan Jiang Si
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Urban resilience is suffering from the challenges of climate change. The increasing volatility of climate change and its impact on urban resilience necessitates a deeper understanding of how internal organizational behaviors can contribute toward sustainable city development. Pro-environmental behavior is one of the important methods of affecting climate change and enhancing urban resilience. This study investigates how employee participation in corporate social responsibility activities promotes pro-environmental behavior and its mechanism.

Methods: This research was conducted an online survey of 262 employees from 22 industries in mainland China. To mitigate the bias arising from self-reported assessments by the employees, the data were collected at two time points.

Results: Empirical research reveals that employee participation in corporate social responsibility is positively related to employee pro-environmental behavior; these empirical findings not only support how psychological ownership mediates the link between corporate social responsibility participation and pro-environmental behavior but also indicate how employee engagement acts as an intermediary mechanism in enhancing this positive association. Moreover, the chain mediation effect of psychological ownership and employee engagement in the positive link between corporate social responsibility participation and pro-environmental behavior is found to be significant.

Discussion: These findings not only enrich the effects of the mechanism of corporate social responsibility participation on employee behavior by introducing new theoretical perspectives but also deepen understanding of the antecedents promoting employee pro-environmental behavior, thereby contributing to the improvement of urban resilience in the face of climate change.
Well-defined survival outcome disparity across age cutoffs at 45 and 60 for medullary thyroid carcinoma: a long-term retrospective cohort study of 3601 patients
Authors: Zhang Kun , Wang Xinyi , Wei Tao , Li Zhihui , Zhu Jingqiang , Chen Ya-Wen
Published: June 2024

Background

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a challenging malignancy. The survival outcome of MTC based on AJCC staging system does not render a discriminant classifier among early stages.

Methods

3601 MTC patients from 2000 to 2018 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Smooth curve fitting, Cox proportional hazard regression and competing risk analysis were applied.

Results

A linear correlation between age and log RR (relative risk of overall death) was detected. Overlaps were observed between K-M curves representing patients aged 45–50, 50–55, and 55–60. The study cohort was divided into 3 subgroups with 2 age cutoffs set at 45 and 60. Each further advanced age cutoff population resulted in a roughly “5%” increase in MTC-specific death risks and an approximately “3 times” increase in non-MTC-specific death risks.

Conclusions

The survival outcome disparity across age cutoffs at 45 and 60 for MTC has been well defined.
SABO-ILSTSVR: a genomic prediction method based on improved least squares twin support vector regression
Authors: Li Rui , Gao Jing , Zhou Ganghui , Zuo Dongshi , Sun Yao
Published: June 2024

In modern breeding practices, genomic prediction (GP) uses high-density single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers to predict genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for crucial phenotypes, thereby speeding up selection breeding process and shortening generation intervals. However, due to the characteristic of genotype data typically having far fewer sample numbers than SNPs markers, overfitting commonly arise during model training. To address this, the present study builds upon the Least Squares Twin Support Vector Regression (LSTSVR) model by incorporating a Lasso regularization term named ILSTSVR. Because of the complexity of parameter tuning for different datasets, subtraction average based optimizer (SABO) is further introduced to optimize ILSTSVR, and then obtain the GP model named SABO-ILSTSVR. Experiments conducted on four different crop datasets demonstrate that SABO-ILSTSVR outperforms or is equivalent in efficiency to widely-used genomic prediction methods. Source codes and data are available at: https://github.com/MLBreeding/SABO-ILSTSVR.
SOCS1 is a critical checkpoint in immune homeostasis, inflammation and tumor immunity
Authors: Bidgood Grace M. , Keating Narelle , Doggett Karen , Nicholson Sandra E.
Published: June 2024

The Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) family proteins are important negative regulators of cytokine signaling. SOCS1 is the prototypical member of the SOCS family and functions in a classic negative-feedback loop to inhibit signaling in response to interferon, interleukin-12 and interleukin-2 family cytokines. These cytokines have a critical role in orchestrating our immune defence against viral pathogens and cancer. The ability of SOCS1 to limit cytokine signaling positions it as an important immune checkpoint, as evidenced by the detection of detrimental SOCS1 variants in patients with cytokine-driven inflammatory and autoimmune disease. SOCS1 has also emerged as a key checkpoint that restricts anti-tumor immunity, playing both a tumor intrinsic role and impacting the ability of various immune cells to mount an effective anti-tumor response. In this review, we describe the mechanism of SOCS1 action, focusing on the role of SOCS1 in autoimmunity and cancer, and discuss the potential for new SOCS1-directed cancer therapies that could be used to enhance adoptive immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade.
Detailed phenotyping reveals diverse and highly skewed neutrophil subsets in both the blood and airways during active tuberculosis infection
Authors: Nhamoyebonde Shepherd , Chambers Mark , Ndlovu Lerato , Karim Farina , Mazibuko Matilda , Mhlane Zoey , Madziwa Lindiwe , Moosa Yunus , Moodley Sashen , Hoque Monjurul , Leslie Alasdair
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Neutrophils play a complex and important role in the immunopathology of TB. Data suggest they are protective during early infection but become a main driver of immunopathology if infection progresses to active disease. Neutrophils are now recognized to exist in functionally diverse states, but little work has been done on how neutrophil states or subsets are skewed in TB disease.

Methods

To address this, we carried out comprehensive phenotyping by flow cytometry of neutrophils in the blood and airways of individuals with active pulmonary TB with and without HIV co-infection recruited in Durban, South Africa.

Results

Active TB was associated with a profound skewing of neutrophils in the blood toward phenotypes associated with activation and apoptosis, reduced phagocytosis, reverse transmigration, and immune regulation. This skewing was also apparently in airway neutrophils, particularly the regulatory subsets expressing PDL-1 and LOX-1. HIV co-infection did not impact neutrophil subsets in the blood but was associated with a phenotypic change in the airways and a reduction in key neutrophil functional proteins cathelicidin and arginase 1.

Discussion

Active TB is associated with profound skewing of blood and airway neutrophils and suggests multiple mechanisms by which neutrophils may exacerbate the immunopathology of TB. These data indicate potential avenues for reducing neutrophil-mediated lung pathology at the point of diagnosis.
Frequency and predictors for early-achieved lupus low disease activity state in systemic lupus erythematosus patients treated with telitacicept or belimumab: A real-life, single-center observational study
Authors: Fan Cuiling , Yang Tao , Zheng Songyuan , Liao Xiaozhong , Xie Ruixia , Chen Shixian , Li Juan
Published: June 2024

Objective

To collect real-world data regarding the attainment of the early-achieved lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients receiving telitacicept or belimumab treatment, and identify factors predictive of target achievement.

Methods

Eighty-seven SLE patients who received telitacicept (N=42) or belimumab (N=45) were retrospectively reviewed in this observational study. Clinical and laboratory data, disease activity assessment, and glucocorticoid dosage were collected for analysis. Achieving LLDAS at least once within 24 weeks post-treatment was considered as early-achieved LLDAS. Multivariate regression was used to assess baseline predictive variables for early-achieved LLDAS. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also performed to examine the robustness of the results across different sets of baseline characteristics. Prognostic stratification for early-achieved LLDAS was established based on the identified risk factors.

Results

During the 24-week follow-up period, LLDAS was achieved by at least one time in 49.43% (43/87) of the patients, with sustained achievement through week 24 observed in 36 out of these 43 patients (83.27%). Multivariate analysis revealed that early achievement of LLDAS was particularly observed in patients with higher baseline lymphocyte counts [HR=1.79, 95% CI (1.19–2.67), P=0.005]and serum albumin levels [HR=1.06, 95% CI (1.003–1.12), P=0.039]. Conversely, hematological involvement [HR=0.48, 95% CI (0.24–0.93), P=0.031] predicted lower attainment of early-achieved LLDAS. The use of telitacicept was associated with a reduced risk of failing to attain early achievement of LLDAS [HR=2.55, 95% CI (1.36–4.79), P=0.004]. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests showed a stable relationship between the telitacicept use and LLDAS achievement. The results remained consistent across all subgroup analyses. Significant differences (P<0.001) were observed in the Kaplan-Meier estimates for LLDAS among risk groups based on the number of identified risk factors.

Conclusion

The achievement of LLDAS is attainable in the management of SLE patients undergoing treatment with telitacicept or belimumab in real-life clinical practice. Baseline lymphocyte counts, serum albumin levels, hematological involvement and the use of telitacicept serve as robust predictors for early-achieved LLDAS, helping to identify patients who are likely to benefit on the treatment.
Reviewing bryophyte-microorganism association: insights into environmental optimization
Authors: Dangar Bhagyashri V. , Chavada Pratikkumar , Bhatt P. J. , Raviya Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Bryophytes, the second-largest group of plants, play a crucial role as early colonizers of land and are a prolific source of naturally occurring substances with significant economic potential. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi form intricate associations with plants, notably bryophytes, contributing to the ecological functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and sometimes it gives negative impact also. This review elucidates the pivotal role of endophytic bacteria in promoting plant growth, facilitating nutrient cycling, and enhancing environmental health. It comprehensively explores the diversity and ecological significance of fungal and bacterial endophytes across various ecosystems. Furthermore, it highlights the moss nitrogen dynamics observed in select moss species. Throughout the review, emphasis is placed on the symbiotic interdependence between bryophytes and microorganisms, offering foundational insights for future research endeavors. By shedding light on the intricate bryophyte-microorganism associations, this study advances our understanding of the complex interplay between plants, microbes, and their environment, paving the way for further research and applications in environmental and biotechnological realms.
Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicle proteins in diabetic and non-diabetic ischemic stroke patients: a case-control study
Authors: Qadri Shahnaz , Sohail Muhamad U. , Akhtar Naveed , Pir Ghulam Jeelani , Yousif Ghada , Pananchikkal Sajitha V. , Al-Noubi Muna , Choi Sunkyu , Shuaib Ashfaq , Haik Yousef , Parray Aijaz , Schmidt Frank
Published: June 2024

Acute ischemic stroke is the most common cause of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain ischemia and tissue injury. Diabetes is a major risk factor of stroke, exacerbating disease management and prognosis. Therefore, discovering new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets is critical for stroke prevention and treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), with their distinctive properties, have emerged as promising candidates for biomarker discovery and therapeutic application. This case-control study utilized mass spectrometry-based proteomics to compare EVs from non-diabetic stroke (nDS = 14), diabetic stroke (DS = 13), and healthy control (HC = 12) subjects. Among 1288 identified proteins, 387 were statistically compared. Statistical comparisons using a general linear model (log2 foldchange ≥0.58 and FDR-p≤0.05) were performed for nDS vs HC, DS vs HC, and DS vs nDS. DS vs HC and DS vs nDS comparisons produced 123 and 149 differentially expressed proteins, respectively. Fibrinogen gamma chain (FIBG), Fibrinogen beta chain (FIBB), Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 16 (TTC16), Proline rich 14-like (PR14L), Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon (IKKE), Biorientation of chromosomes in cell division protein 1-like 1 (BD1L1), and protein PR14L exhibited significant differences in the DS group. The pathway analysis revealed that the complement system pathways were activated, and blood coagulation and neuroprotection were inhibited in the DS group (z-score ≥2; p ≤ 0.05). These findings underscore the potential of EVs proteomics in identifying biomarkers for stroke management and prevention, warranting further clinical investigation.