bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Putusan No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN/Sit Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Pembalakan Liar Ditinjau Dari Aspek Keadilan
Authors: Notoprojo Aristo Arie , Al-Fatih Sholahuddin , Haruni Catur WIdo
Published: November 2022

The Illegal logging is an organized illegal timber use activity. This crime is usually carried out by more than two people in a certain time for the purpose of destroying forests and selling wood products illegally. In Decision No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sit the defendant Asyiani was dropped by a criminal witness of illegal logging thanks to a special criminal offense. Where the defendant has carried out illegal logging on Perhutani's land. The problem with this research is What is the basis for the judge's consideration in Decision No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sit regarding the crime of illegal logging and How due to the law of Decision No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sit about the crime of illegal logging is reviewed from the justice aspect. The research methods used are normative legal methods that use primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, tertiary legal materials and data analysis. The results of the study show less precisely the judge's consideration in the case against the defendant and the legal consequences reviewed from the aspect of pancasila justice were less appropriate because the defendant was given a probation sentence in which the criminal act of illegal logging was one special crime. The author's advice needs to be done with fair funding according to the crime committed by the defendant and this problem can be resolved by deliberation
Legality of the Constitutional Court as a Party and at the Same Time as a Judge in Disputes over the Authority of State Institutions
Authors: Sumali  , Echaib Samira
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the legality of the constitutional court as a party and at the same time as an adjudicator in disputes over the authority of state institutions. The research method used is the normative legal research method. The results showed that the 1945 Constitution never allocated the authority to test executive legal products in the form of Perppu to the Constitutional Court but to the DPR which is commonly known as legislative review. However, the Constitutional Court through decision No. 138/PUU-VII/2009 has added its authority, namely adding Perppu as the object of the litical test of the judicial review law. The consequence of the addition of the authority to test the Perppu is of course likely to cause a conflict of authority between the Constitutional Court versus the DPR. The problem is that the authority to torture and adjudicate legal conflicts between state institutions according to the 1945 Constitution must be carried out through the courts of the Constitutional Court. Therefore, the juridical problem that arises is whether there is legality or constitutionality of the Constitutional Court to try cases concerning its own interests, while on the other hand there is a doctrine of nemo judex idoneus in propria causa which means that judges are not fit to try themselves because of a conflict of interest or conflict of interest.
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui legalitas mahkamah konstitusi sebagai salah satu pihak dan sekaligus sebagai ajudikator dalam sengketa kewenangan lembaga negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UUD1945 tidak pernah mengalokasikan kewenangan untuk menguji produk-produk hukum eksekutif dalam bentuk Perppu kepada Mahkamah Konstitusi melainkan kepada DPR yang biasa dikenal dengan judicial review legislatif. Namun, Mahkamah Konstitusi melalui putusan No. 138/PUU-VII/2009 telah menambah kewenangannya, yaitu penambahan Perppu sebagai objek uji litical test uu judicial review. Konsekuensi dari penambahan kewenangan untuk menguji Perppu tentu saja kemungkinan akan menimbulkan konflik kewenangan antara Mahkamah Konstitusi versus DPR. Masalahnya, kewenangan penyiksaan dan mengadili konflik hukum antar lembaga negara menurut UUD 1945 harus dilakukan melalui pengadilan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Oleh karena itu, permasalahan yuridis yang muncul adalah apakah ada legalitas atau konstitusionalitas Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk mengadili perkara-perkara yang menyangkut kepentingannya sendiri, sedangkan di sisi lain terdapat doktrin nemo judex idoneus dalam propria causa yang artinya hakim tidak layak untuk mengadili diri sendiri karena adanya benturan kepentingan atau benturan kepentingan.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES REGARDING LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETIC MELLITUS PATIENTS ATTENDING ADAMA HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Adem Abdulkadir Mustefa , Esayas Tadesse  , Gelaw Belayneh Kefale , Ahmed Mustefa , Seifu Muluneh Fromsa , Thirumurugan G
Published: November 2022

Background: The person with diabetes mellitus has a chronic lifelong disease, the person mustbe knowledgeable to coordinate life style modification in to a daily routine of work to achieve andmaintain normal physiological blood glucose level. The objective of this study was to determinethe knowledge, attitude and practices of LSM management of type 2 diabetic patients in AdamaMedical College Hospital. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted to assessknowledge, attitude and practice of type 2 diabetic patients towards LSM management of DM inAdama Medical College Hospital. Data was cleaned and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0and presented descriptively and analytically. Result: Concerning knowledge of the patients towardsLSM management of diabetic; majority of the patients were knowledgeable which accounts 90(77.59%) followed by 13 (11.21%) patients fairly knowledgeable and the other 13 (11.21%) patientswere poorly knowledgeable. Regarding attitude of the patients 95 (81.89%) patients had positiveattitude and the other 21(18.11%) had fair attitude. In another way almost half of the patients 57(49.1%) had good practice. The other 39 (33.62%) and 20 (17.24%) have poor and averagepractice respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: The result of this study showed, majorityof type 2 DM patients had good knowledge, positive attitude and good practices towards LSM.The researcher recommend all stake holders (Ministry of health, Diabetic associations, Healthinstitution, health professionals, care givers and NGO) found around this area must cooperateto improve KAP of the patients towards LSM. Especial attention should be given to the practicesof the patients and further research should also be done on this topic.
AN EVALUATION ON THE GENETIC PROFILING AND MICROBIAL DETECTION IN PRAWNS
Authors: Mathew Shiju , Hobani Yahya Hasan
Published: November 2022

The shrimps of India belong to three major families namely: Pedacidac, Palacmonidae and Sergestidae of the decapods group. They are especially rich in niacin, essential for a healthy skin and for the release of energy in the body and vitamin B complex needed for metabolic processes. The study aims at isolating the gut microorganisms such as vibriocholerae and Staphylococcus aureus from P. monodon and A. indicus .Vibrio were isolated by streak plate methods and staphylococcus were isolated by spread plate methods. There microorganisms can cause several diseases to man and including food poisoning .Staphylococcus aureus cause diarrhoea, increase dehydration, etc., while vibriocholerae causes cholera, renal failure, cramps, hypertension , sunken eyes, etc. CTAB extraction method was used for the isolation of genomic DNA. The isolated DNA samples were subjected to agrose gel electrophoresis .The buffer used here was 1xTAE and the DNA bands were observed in UV transilluminator. Spectrophotometric readings of the isolated DNA samples were taken at 260 and 280 nm and these readings were used to estimate the quantity and quality of DNA samples isolated. Prawns are excellent source of protein, a good source of omega 3 fatty acids and a great way to get iron, zinc and vitamin E
SAFETY, EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY OF INTRAVENOUS ANTI-D IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Nivedita , , Sobti Praveen C , Kaushal Sandeep
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of single dose (75 µg/kg) Anti-D in children with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia in terms of its safety, efficacy and tolerability. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital-a tertiary care hospital over a period of 18 months. In this study, nineteen children with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia (10 males, 9 females) were included. Mean age of the children was 4.7 ± 3.2 years. Anti-D was administered as a single intravenous injection in a dose of 75 µg/kg. Main outcome variables taken were Increase in platelet count, fall in hemoglobin, change in AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium levels and appearance of any adverse symptom. Results: The response rate to Anti-D was 89.4% (n = 17). Mean increase in platelet count was 125.5 ± 86.2 x 109 /L at 48 h and 257.5 ± 176.4 x 109 /L at day seven. Response at 48 h was seen in 88.2% of the children. Females showed a better response than males (p = 0.05). Anti-D did not have any significant effect on renal or liver function tests and it caused a mean fall of 1.76 ± 1.06 g/dL in hemoglobin. Mild adverse effects developed in 52% children which resolved spontaneously within 12 h. Conclusion: Anti-D shows a good response (89.4%) in children with newly diagnosed ITP with an acceptable safety profile. Adverse effects like fever and chills are common (52%).
PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTI-ALLERGIC DRUGS IN PEDIATRIC CLINICS
Authors: Chakraborty Sharmily , Chatterjee Tapan Kumar , Sengupta Jayati
Published: November 2022

Growing industrialization and fast changing biodiversity coupled with sedentary lifestyles are causing a surge in allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis, asthma, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, especially among pediatric population in the country, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) has warned. Variety of drugs like H1 Antihistamines, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists and several other drugs are being prescribed as anti-allergic drugs to treat those allergic symptoms of children in India. A prospective observational study including only outpatients was carried out in different units of AMRI Hospitals, Kolkata and data of 514 patients were collected and analyzed. 53.1% were male patients 46.9% were female patients. The mean age of the patients was 3.63±3.19 years with range 0.02 - 14 years and the median age was 2.7 years. Total 662 numbers of drugs were prescribed among the study population out of which 42.4% was mostly prescribed H1 Antihistamines and it was prescribed mostly for the age group 1-5 years. Fexofenadine (43.1%) was commonly prescribed H1 Antihistamines. It was observed that different combinations of anti-allergic drugs were prescribed in which H1 Antihistamines based regimen were prescribed in most cases and H1 Antihistamines+Decongestant was commonest drug therapy. Prescriptions with H1 Antihistamines were made mostly for upper respiratory allergic symptoms. Leukotriene antagonists were used for longer duration in most patients. Mostly H1 Antihistamines had been widely prescribed as anti-allergic drug either as single or in combination for pediatric study population attending pediatric outpatient clinics and in certain cases H1 antihistaminic drugs had often overused in combinations.
A CLINICAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECT OF PROPHYLACTIC INTRACAMERAL MOXIFLOXACIN ON INCIDENCE OF ENDOPHTHALMITIS IN HIGH VOLUME SURGERY SETUP
Authors: Shukla Pooja , Kumar Rahul , Tripathi Ravi , Chandil Ravi , Dixit R K
Published: November 2022

Endophthalmitis is still the major post operative complication of ocular surgery. Most commoncause for endophthalmitis to develop after ocular surgery is the inhabitant microbial flora ofconjunctiva and periocular tissue. This study was conducted with the aim to assess the effectof prophylactic intracameral moxifloacin on incidence of endophthalmitis in high volume surgerysetup. Patient were divided into two groups, group 1 which didn’t received intracameralmoxifloxacin at the end of surgery and group 2 which received prophylactic intracameralmoxifloxacin at the end of surgery. We have achieved zero incidences of endophthalmitis withintracameral moxifloxacin. Our findings consolidate the view that use of intracameral antibioticsdecreases the rate of enopthalmitis.
INFLUENCE OF SNAKE NAJA NAJA VENOM ON DNA DAMAGE IN ALBINO RAT
Authors: Malleswari M , Josthna P , Jacob Dossp
Published: November 2022

Snake venom has therapeutic effect on treatment of certain diseases. This study has carried out to determine the snake Naja naja venom on DNA fragmentation levels. An increase in DNA levels was observed and the electrophoretic studies revealed that there is a significant change in the DNA banding pattern and the banding pattern is species specific which plays an important role in species identification and taxonomy. The electrophoretic DNA patterns are consistent in 24 h, 48 h, 72 h of envenomated rats. The present study may be for the first time concentrated on DNA banding pattern in the envenomated rats and this banding pattern will have the significance in building up the different snake species in getting together under one umbrella of taxonomy
OCCUPATIONAL LIFESTYLE DISORDERS AMONG BANK CLERICAL STAFF IN HYDERABAD, TELANGANA
Authors: Hashmi Syed Salman Hamid , Siddiqui Juwairriyyah Abdul Wahid , Siddiqui Abdul Qadir Abdul Wahid
Published: November 2022

There is overwhelming scientific evidence highlighting the health, social and psychological benefits associated with an active lifestyle. The job requirements of a bank clerical staff make them sit for hours together encouraging a sedentary life style and making a high risk group for development of occupational lifestyle disorders. In the survey, we have made an attempt to determine the prevalence of these disorders among them and determine the possible causes of the disorders. We also imparted health education to the professionals about importance of physical exercise, ergonomics. The study was a case control study conducted between March 2015 to June 2015 including the subjects between the age group of 25-50 yrs and who have been working for 5 years or greater among the banks of Hyderabad. A sample of 520 subjects was taken. The findings from the study show that a high percentage of the respondents indicated evidence of lifestyle disorders. For those with sedentary life style, there is a tendency to develop disorders. The study also revealed that there is no difference between male and female respondents in the prevalence of the disorders. There was little knowledge of ergonomics among the staff
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ALPINIA GALANGA AGANIST D-GALACTOSE INDUCED BRAIN AGING
Authors: Swathi Nalla , Tripathy Shyamalendu
Published: November 2022

D-galactose induced neurotoxicity is well known model for studying aging and related oxidative damage and memory impairment. Aging is a biological process, characterized by the gradual loss of physiological functions by unknown mechanism. This study attempted to access the neuroprotective effect of Alpinia galanga on the senescent rat induced by D-galactose (D-gal). The rats in the experiments were orally administered with Alpinia galanga (500 mg/kg), for four weeks. Alpinia galanga fed rat showed higher activity by increase in fall off time in rotarod test, showing higher attention in visual placement test, increase in sniffing time for the new object in novel object recognition test, and significantly improved learning and memory ability in Morris water Maze tests compared with D-galactose treated rat. Alpinia galanga significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH), Total Protein Content (TPC) activity and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Alpinia galanga also attenuated enhanced acetylcholine esterase enzyme level in D-galactose senescence rat. Present study highlights the protective effect of Alpinia galanga against D-galactose induced behavioral and biochemical parameters in rat. These results indicated that Alpinia galanga has the potential to be a useful treatment for cognitive impairment. In addition, the memory enhancing effect of Alpinia galanga may be partly mediated via enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF 1, 3, 4-OXADIAZOLES: A REVIEW
Authors: Himanshu , , Joshi Vivek Kumar
Published: November 2022

This review provides readers with an overview of their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities for 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives, and as reported over the past years. The search for new antimicrobial agents will consequently always remain as an important and challenging task for medicinal chemists. This Review has basic information about 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole and its antimicrobial activity work for further development in this field
EFFECT OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA STEM BARK AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON HYPERGLYCEMIA, NEUROPATHY AND DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Shahana Syeda , Nikalje Anna Pratima G
Published: November 2022

Protective activity of Bauhinia variegata aqueous extract in diabetic complication on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was done using Male Wistar albino rats (150–200 g) by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg b.w i. p). Rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group 1 (normal control) and Group 2 (diabetic control) received normal saline (10 ml/kg/day p. o). Group 3 (Standard, insulin 6 U/kg/day s. c) and Group 4 (received Bauhinia variegata aqueous extract in dose of 1000 mg/ kg) for 28 days. Bauhinia variegata group animals exhibited substantial decrease in blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT, creatinine, urea, triglycerides, LDL and glycated hemoglobin. It particularly had protective effect in diabetic complications like neuropathy and learning and memory dysfunction evaluated by elevated plus maze, object recognition, open field test, rotarod, hot plate, tail flick, immersion in hot and cold water etc. Hence it can be concluded that Bauhinia variegata aqueous extract has potential antidiabetic and protective activity in diabetic complications in STZ-induced diabetic rats and can be considered as an alternative in Diabetes management therapy.
DEVELOPMENT & EVALUATION OF FAST DISINTEGRATING FILMS AND TABLETS OF VALSARTAN
Authors: Sandhyarani G , Madhuri M
Published: November 2022

Orodispersible dosage forms are used for accurate dosing, enhanced bioavailability, rapid action, patient compliance, easy of administration, enhanced palatability. Valsartan is a specific and selective type-1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist which blocks the blood pressure increasing effects angiotensin II via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Valsaratan orodispersible films are prepared using all polymers HPMC E3,HPMC E15,HPMC 5cps,HPMC 15cps,HPMC 50cps, HPMC 50cps+CP in 39.68 mg., 59.52 mg quantity with different formulations with citric acid as disintegrating agent. Valsartan orodispersible tablets are prepared using different superdisintegrating agents(MCC pH101,MCC pH102, CCS, SSG, L-HPC, Crospovidone, Camphor) with different concentrations. ODF formulation F1, F5 exhibited faster disintegration time (11 sec, 13 sec) than other formulations and a drug release of 102.12%, 98.27% respectively. ODT formulations(CP+CCS), T9(efferevescence), T10(sublimation) showed faster disintegration (17,21,18 sec) and 94.18%, 92.62%, 93.54% drug release at the end of 15 minutes. By comparing the drug release studies found that ODFs drug release more than ODTs.
A Herbal Approach for the Treatment of Kidney Stone
Authors: Vishwakarma Harshna , Thakur Kanchan , Purohit Arpana , Jain Sameeksha , Nema Prakhar , Jain Prateek Kumar
Published: November 2022

In ancient time people used plants as drugs. They used parts of plants like leaves, fruits, roots, stem, flowers, seeds, bark or whole plant. Traditional medicine is known as the primary health care in the world, about 70% of developing countries depends on the plant based treatment. In current scenarios most of the institutes promoting the use of plant based medicines. For the treatment of kidney stone tribal people uses several plant or juice of the plants for example Momordica charantia, Moringaolieferia, Amnivisnaga, Terbulusterrestris, Dolichosbiflorus, Arvalanata, Cotusspiralis,Vaccinumoxycoccos, Coriendrumsativum, Embelicaofficinalis, Petroselinum crispum, Barosmabetulina etc.
Keywords: Kidney Stone, Herbal Treatment, Medicinal Plants, Antioxidants, Uric Acid, UTIs, Cysteine, Struvite, Diuretics
Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Thymoquinone the Major Constituent of Nigella sativa Seeds in Mice
Authors: Dixena Shweta , Dixena Nikhil , Jain Monika , Jain Vibhor , Tiwari Niharika , Dahire Mukesh , Naik Sandip , Jain Harshita
Published: November 2022

Drugs commonly used in modern medicine for suppression of pain and fever provide only symptomatic relief and long-term use of these drugs is associated with serious adverse effects. Recently, some evidences suggest that Nigella sativa inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and lipid peroxidation. They are reported to inhibit both cycloxygenase and 5-lipooxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of pure compound, thymoquinone the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds in mice. The analgesic activity was determined by hot plate, tail immersion, tail flick method and acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. Thymoquinone (10, 20, 30 mg/kg, body weight) and Aspirin (20mg/kg) made as suspensions prepared in 1% carboxy methyl cellulose and were fed to mice intraperitoneally. In tail flick method thymoquinone exhibited maximum analgesic effect at a dose of 30mg/kg after 120 min as compared to control and standard. Maximum analgesic effect was noted at a dose of 10 mg/kg after 120 min. the poor analgesic effect of thymoquinone at a dose of (20 and 30 mg/kg) as compared to control and standard drug by hot plate method. However with writhing test the thymoquinone showed maximum protection at a dose of 30 mg/kg (98.23%). The thymoquinone have minimum effect showed at dose of 10 mg/kg (69.72%) and 20 mg/kg (42.26%) as compared to standard and control. But in tail immersion method thymoquinone exhibited maximum activity after 120 min at a dose of 20 mg/kg as compared to control and standard drug while at a dose of 30 mg/kg the compound did not showed any further enhancement in analgesic activity. It is concluded from the present study that thymoquinone the major constituent of Nigella sativa possesses potent analgesic activity in mice.

Keywords: Thymoquinone, Nigella sativa, Hot plate, Tail immersion, Tail flick method, Acetic acid induced writhing test
Nootropic and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. By Different In-Vivo & In-Vitro Methods
Authors: Chandanwala Sakina Akbarali , Jain Neetesh Kumar , Singh Nitu
Published: November 2022

AIM- The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate Plumbago zeylanica L. (Plumbaginaceae) for evaluation of memory enhancing activity. MATERIAL & METHODS- All the plant materials were dried under shade and subjected to coarse powder for extraction process. Accurately weighed quantity of roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, butanol and finally water by soxhlet apparatus for 72 h. Qualitative chemical tests of chloroform, methanol, butanol and water extracts were subjected to various chemical tests to detect various Phytoconstituents. Briefly, 6.0 mg ß-carotene was dissolved in 10 ml of chloroform, and then 1 ml of solution pipette to glass filled of 20 mg linoleic acid. 5 ml of mixture then pipette to reaction tube filled of extract in a range of concentration, mixed homogenously. Briefly, 1 mL of 0.3 mM of DPPH solution was added to 1 mL each of the test solutions, and was incubated in the dark at room temperature for 30 min. Escape latency (EL) was recorded 120 min after drug administration from 11th day to 14th day. On 15th day, time spent in target quadrant (TSTQ) was noted 120 min after the drug administration. In case of animals administered with physostigmine, EL and TSTQ was noted after 30 min of drug administration. 0.4 ml of brain homogenate was added into a test tube containing 2.6 ml of phosphate buffer. 5,5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid reagent (0.1 ml) was added to the above mixture and absorbance was noted at 412 nm. RESULTS- The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that different active constituent present in different extracts such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, fat, oils, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins and other phenolics compounds. Vitamin E as standard was used in this assay and 84% inhibition was found to be at 30 minutes. Chloroform extract also showed 70% inhibition at 30 minutes which was reduced to 45% at the time of 120 minutes.  Hydroxyl radical scavenging ability calculated as IC50 reveals that chloroform; methanol, butanol and water extracts have IC50 values of 47 μg/mL, 100μg/mL, 200 μg/mL and 150μg/mL, respectively. Among all the extracts, chloroform extract showed a highly significant effect on EL and TSTQ. Chloroform extracts significantly decreased (P<0.001) EL and significantly increased TSTQ as compared to vehicle treated control. CONCLUSION- The deterioration and dysfunction of cortical cholinergic neurons is closely associated with cognitive deficits of Alzheimer’s disease.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Vitamin E, DPPH solution, Plumbago zeylanica Linn., Plumbaginaceae, EL and TSTQ
Effect of PPAR α/γ agonist on Behavioural Alterations in 6-OHDA induced Parkinson Disease
Authors: Joshi Nancy , Jain Neetesh Kumar , Silawat Narendra
Published: November 2022

AIM- The aim of present research work aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of saroglitazor in experimental animal model of neurodegenerative disease. MATERIAL & METHODS- Sixty Male Wistar albino rats (150-200 gm) were obtained from the Central Animal House of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India. The tablets of 4 mg Saroglitazar (SG), were weighed and finely powdered and then transferred into a 10-ml calibrated flask, dissolved in 4 ml sterile saline solution (0.9% NaCl), swirled and sonicated for 5 min, completed to volume with saline, and shaken well for 15 min immediately before administration. For the post operative care, Povidone-iodine was applied to all the animals for one week after surgery and gentamycin (7 mg/kg) were given to all animals 24 hourly for 2 days. The Rota rod unit consists of a rotating rod, 48 mm in diameter, which was divided into four parts by compartmentalization to permit the testing of four rats at a time. RESULTS- DC group showed marked (p < 0.0001) decline in fall off time as compared to NC group. On the other hand, SG-1, SG-3 and SG-10 groups showed dose dependent remarkable (p< 0.005, p<0.0001, respectively) rise in fall off time when compared to DC group. SG-1, SG-3 and SG-10 groups showed drastic (p < 0.0001) growth in forehand adjusting steps and noticeable (p < 0.001) increment in backhand adjusting steps with exception of non significant rise with SG-1 group, when compared to DC group. CONCLUSION- In brief, for the first time we report that novel dual PPAR α/γ agonist, SG inhibited 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic Neurodegeneration and mitigated behavioral alterations in rat model of PD.

Keywords: Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration, Saroglitazar, Parkinson’s disease, Substantia nigra pars, Compacta region
Evaluation of Anti-Parkinson Activity of Aqueous Extract of Barleria prionitis
Authors: Malviya Meghana , Jain Neetesh Kumar , Singhal Rohit , Silawat Narendra
Published: November 2022

AIM- The aim of the preset investigation is Evaluation of Anti-Parkinson Activity of Aqueous Extract of  Barleria prionitis. MATERIAL & METHODS-  The whole plant of Barleria prionitiswere collected from the surrounding areas of Erode  district,  Tamilnadu,  India  during  the  month  of  December. Coarsely powdered whole plant of Barleria prionitis were extracted with water for 48 hours at room temperature. After extraction the extracts were evaporated by using rotary evaporator and dried at room temperature. The obtained crude extracts were weighed and stored at 4ᵒC for the further analysis. Male Swiss albino mice 3 month of age, and 25-30 g body weight were offered. All the rats were kept at room temperature and allowed to acclimate in standard conditions less than 12 hr light/ 12 hr dark cycle in the animal house. The MPTP was purchased from sigma chemicals, Mumbai, India and was stored according to the manufacturer label (370C) to prevent its decomposition. The length of time (duration) the animal stay on the rod without falling, gives a measure of their coordination, balance, physical condition and motor-planning. RESULTS- The grip strength of treated rats were found to be increased in the rats as compared to untreated rats. Similarly, Locomotor activity were also significantly increased in the rats treated in rats as compared to untreated rats. DISCUSSION-  From the results the Actophotometer readings (locomotor activity) of animals of vehicle-treated control group (Group I) was found to be 386.33±1.56 and 396±1.15 counts/5 min for all 7 days of treatment. MPTP treatment to animals of Group II showed a significant reduction in locomotor activity every week. The actophotometer readings decreased to 186±2.30 counts/ 5 min. on the 7th day, went down to 145.33±0.23 counts/5 min. Thus, there was a significant decline in the locomotor activity of rotenone treated control animals (Group III) when compared to vehicle-treated control group (Group I). CONCLUSION- From the present study, it can be considered that the aqueous extract of Barleria prionitis exhibited significant anti-parkinsonism activity in MPTP model in mouse and rats respectively.

KEYWORDS- Anti-Parkinson Activity,  Aqueous Extract, Barleria prionitis,  Parkinson Disease, Muscular rigidity, Bradykinesia
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Substituted Purine Derivatives
Authors: Chouhan Pawan Singh , Khan Neelam , Jain Neetesh Kumar
Published: November 2022

In the present work, three new compounds were synthesized (49a, 49b, 51). Compounds were synthesized as the reaction sequences outlined in scheme1. Nitration of the theophylline was carried out as per the literature method. In this theophylline was reacted with the 65% HNO3 in presence of the acetic anhydride at the 0-5oC. Acetic anhydride was used as a dehydrating agent in the nitration reactions. Reaction was carried out at a controlled temperature because; the high temperature may cause polynitration and oxidative breakdown of aromatic ring. Product was characterized by the FTIR, 1H NMR and mass spectra. The N-alkylation of 8-nitro theophylline can be done by using 1-chloro3-iodopropane as alkylating agent and K2CO3 as base, at controlled temperature condition to prevent polymerization and get better yield. Then the reaction of 7(2-chloro ethyl) 8-nitro theophylline, substituted aryl amines and KI was carried out in microwave oven at 140W for 15 minutes to obtain 1,3-dimethyl-7-{2-[(4-aryl amino] ethyl}-8-nitro-3, 7-dihydro-1H-purine-2, 6-dione.
Keywords: Purine, Theophylline, 8-nitrotheophylline, Anti-microbial activity.
Antiulcer Potential of Extracts of Urena lobata Plant Leaves
Authors: Singare Sajan , Jain Neetesh Kumar , Upadhyay Prachi , Tomar Vivek Singh
Published: November 2022

The plant belonging to the family Malvaceae, the scanty availability of information on this plant facilitates the study on it. Entire plants of Urena lobata were collected from India. The Leaves of plant were shade dried, reduced to coarse powder with the help of grinder and stored in airtight container till further use. The phytoconstituents were extracted by using different solvent of increasing polarity like chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, ethanol and water.  The acute toxicity test aims an establishing the therapeutic index, i.e. the ratio between the pharmacologically effective dose and the lethal dose on the same strain and species (LD50/ED50). In any screening program, acute toxicity on mice/rat is usually performed first. Acute oral toxicity was performed used the Up and down method, OECD Guideline 425 (Revised: 17 December 2001) The single dose of aqueous extract of leaves of Urena lobata was used for the acute oral toxicological study for appreciating the usefulness of the chosen plant ant in understanding the effects of the same in relation to the gastric ulcer. LD50 / tolerable dose are estimated in rats. We were found that the animals were safe and no mortality was observed up to 2000mg/kg body weight. It records that LD50 determination of the aqueous extract of leaves of Urena lobata are > 2000mg/kg body weight. Extract of leaves of Urena lobata  on alcohol- induced gastric ulceration in rats on different dose were tested  (10, 15 and 20mg/kg body weight) the % protection range was observed from 26.33 to 71.14 (standard drugs omeprazole),. 54.18 observed on 20mg/kg dose.
 Keywords: Urena lobata, Acute oral toxicity, alcohol- induced gastric ulceration, anti-ulcer
La Enfermería Escolar y la necesidad de su inserción en la comunidad educativa de la Cuenca Carbonífera
Authors: Oyarzún Marcos , Chaura Nilda , Arach Omar , Quispe Estela , Elguero Karina , Villegas Vanina , Vilte Elsa , Ávila Miguelina , Ramírez Celia , Luna Valeria
Published: November 2022

La Enfermería Escolar como especialización con una trayectoria más sólida en los países europeos y mucho menor en el resto del mundo. En Argentina no existe como una figura que es componente de los equipos interdisciplinarios que asisten a los docentes en las escuelas primarias. Si bien hay varios pedidos legislativos para su formalización, aún no se han concretado. Nuestra pretensión se enfocó en conocer el estado de conocimiento y posible inserción de la Enfermera Escolar en las escuelas de la Cuenca Carbonífera, como un factor de prevención y promoción de la salud en los escolares.

Para ello se realizó una investigación de campo principalmente complementada con una recopilación bibliográfica. El tipo de diseño fue de tipo cualitativo. Se abordó la población compuesta por docentes en actividad a través de una muestra de conveniencia para un análisis integral y comparativo con una encuesta definida y que se difundió por internet. Se utilizó también una prueba piloto previa para el mejor abordaje con el instrumento citado.

Los resultados principales brindaron información sobre la importancia con que los docentes particularizan el trabajo de la Enfermería Escolar, el discernimiento de las diversas patologías que tienen los escolares actuales y que debe atenderse en forma adecuada por equipos interdisciplinarios con la actuación de la Enfermera a tiempo completo, la validez y prosecución de los programas de salud vigentes y la posible disminución de la actual tasa de ausentismo.

Es necesaria la implementación de esta figura entre nuestras escuelas, fundado en las expresiones de los docentes, las necesidades de los alumnos y las diversas consecuencias de su trabajo preventivo e innovador. Se abren muchas líneas de investigación especialmente en la parte normativa, protocolar y de trabajo interdisciplinar.
De-Escalation of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics After Relevant Culture Reports in Medical Ward Patients Audit from A Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Sathyamurthy. P Dr. , Rajkumar. M Dr.
Published: November 2022

Prolonged and improper usage of antibiotics has been shown as a main reason for the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens.Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs have been shown to reduce the antibiotics usage and the rate of emergence of resistance. De-escalation of antimicrobials is an important component of AMS. AMS programmes require regular auditing and feedback for proper implementation and continuous improvement. Hence we did this clinical audit with the main aim of estimating the de-escalation rates and identifying the possible reasons for non-de-escalation in our centre. Case sheets of the patients admitted between 1st October 2020 to 31st December 2020 were screened during discharge for data for de-escalation and reasons for non-de-escalation. Cefeprazone-sulbactum (32%) was commonly used empirical monotherapy in the audited period. De-escalation rate after positive culture reposts was 28%. Serious clinical illness (36%) was found to be the most common reason for non-de-escalation. De-escalation was not done in nearly 25% of eligible instances without a proper justification. Keywords: , , , ,
SANTUÁRIOS CATÓLICOS EM PORTO ALEGRE
Authors: Giumbelli Emerson , Cristaldo Rafael , Fucks Gabriela
Published: November 2022

O texto apresenta uma visão de conjunto dos onze santuários católicos da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, capital do estado brasileiro do Rio Grande do Sul. Partindo das definições do Código Canônico acerca do tema, constata-se que as fundamentações e motivos para a santuarização são diversos, bem como as configurações espaciais que cada situação propícia. A metodologia da pesquisa problematiza as formas pelas quais se busca informações sobre referências católicas em uma cidade como Porto Alegre, que apresenta uma situação distinta das cidades-santuários. São destacados os seguintes casos, a partir de abordagens exploratórias ou baseadas em publicações: santuários relacionados à principal festa religiosa da cidade; santuários derivados de iniciativas da Arquidiocese local; um santuário vinculado a processo de canonização; santuários cuja dinâmica está baseada nas funções paroquiais. O resultado é uma espécie de mosaico de algumas das dimensões e potencialidades do catolicismo contemporâneo, apontando algumas das tendências que o atravessam.
Análisis de riesgos lumínicos en puestos de estudio de estudiantes de educación a distancia
Authors: Valderrama Lopez Christian Felipe , Ortiz Juan David , Cardoso Jose Francisco
Published: November 2022

Contextualización Los riesgos ambientales presentes en las diferentes actividades académicas, han venido variando por la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías y metodologías de estudio; ocasionando que éstos aparezcan en entornos que no estaban diseñados para realizar estas actividades tales como la iluminación, el cual un factor crítico y fundamental para el desarrollo académico. Vacío del conocimiento Se desconoce si los estudiantes de educación a distancia, presentan riesgos por iluminación en el área donde trabajan y/o estudian dentro de sus viviendas. Propósito de estudio Partiendo de lo anterior y debido a la complejidad que trajo la pandemia para volcar el hogar hacia áreas de recreación, trabajo y estudio permanentes; surgió esta investigación que busca identificar el riesgo por iluminación en las áreas de estudio de los estudiantes de educación superior a distancia. Metodología Para el desarrollo del presente estudio, se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 329 estudiantes de educación universitaria a distancia, quienes habían adquirido formación en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo previamente. Se aplicó una sección de la guía técnica de evaluación de iluminación como herramienta de recolección de información desarrollada por el INSST de España; con base en ello, se acudió a una aplicación móvil para medir la iluminación en el puesto de trabajo durante las horas de la mañana, tarde y noche. Resultados y Conclusiones Se encontró que el 35% de los estudiantes contaban con zonas exclusivas de estudio, el 74% perciben que los niveles de iluminación son óptimos para realizar estas actividades; un 30% de éstos manifiesta tener problemas asociados al cansancio y la fatiga visual, al utilizar y analizar los niveles de luminidad, se evidencio que, en promedio, solo un 30% de los encuestados cuentan con niveles de iluminación óptimos para realizar esta actividad de acuerdo con la norma.
Crime and firm performance: Empirical evidence from the Balkan region
Authors: Krasniqi Fatmire , Leka Saranda , Jusufi Gezim
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to analyze the impact of business-related crime on the performance of Kosovo firms. This also represents the research problem of this paper. The sample of firms consists of 200 firms from different economic sectors. This research is based on the research of Moyo (2012) and Botrić (2021) who used similar variables related to this issue. Through the ordinary least squares (OLS) econometric model, the results have been obtained that show that criminality or different types of crime of a business nature have a negative impact on the performance of these firms. Also, the results obtained prove that firms from the region of Pristina and Mitrovica are more exposed to crime, while as for the size of the firms, medium-sized firms are more exposed to crime compared to other firms. Firms in the textile and wood sectors, compared to firms in other sectors, are most affected by crime. Business associations and government institutions should design state policies that would ensure a safe environment for all firms in all regions of Kosovo and economic sectors. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that these findings have never been elaborated on by other authors from Kosovo.
The influence of Egyptian pound flotation on capital structure determinants for listed Egyptian companies
Authors: Hussein Amani , Bakry Bassma Tarek
Published: November 2022

In Egypt, an essential economic transformation program was started in prior years to enhance Egyptian economic progress and the liberalization of the Egyptian pound (EGP) exchange rate (International Monetary Fund [IMF], 2017). By the end of 2016, Egypt had an EGP flotation where significant changes took place in trading volumes, stock issuance, and interest rates (Central Bank of Egypt, 2018). One of the most vital decisions in any company is the capital structure decision. Therefore, this research strengthens the capital structure literature by investigating the influence of Egyptian pound flotation on capital structure determinants for the listed Egyptian companies during the period from 2014 to 2018, which is a research issue, not examined in Egypt before. A sample of 78 non-financial companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange (ESX) over 5 years is used; the research examines the influence of a company’s profitability, tangibility, size, growth, liquidity, non-debt tax shields, and flotation on capital structure. Adopting panel data methodology, the findings indicate that the company’s profitability, tangibility, size, and liquidity are significant determinants of the capital structure of Egyptian companies whereas growth, non-debt tax shields, and flotation are insignificant. A weak influence of EGP flotation on determinants of capital structure and the variations before and after flotation is in the significance level of the determinants
Effects of Different Variables on Habitat Selection and Temporal Activities of Wild Animals; The Case of Central Anatolia
Authors: OZKAZANC Nuri Kaan , Özay Emir
Published: November 2022

In this study, which was carried out between 2015-2019, were taken 3730
photographs and video recordings with the number of 6380 camera trap
days at 142 different points with the camera traps. At the end of the
study, 13 different large mammal wild animal species were identified. In
the study area, wild boar (Sus scrofa) 845, hare (Lepus europaeus) 634,
red fox (Vulpes vulpes) 565, gray wolf (Canis lupus) 549, golden jackal
(Canis aureus) 322, red deer (Cervus elaphus) 224, stone marten (Martes
foina) 174, European badger (Meles meles) 89, brown bear (Ursus arctos)
86, Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) 84, jungle cat (Felis chaus) 69,
wildcat (Felis silvestris) 52 and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) 28 times
have been observed. The distribution of the identified species according
to altitude and stand type, and their activities according to months and
hours of the day were evaluated. It has been determined that the
determined species prefer mixed and degraded stand types, they are more
intense between 1200-1400 meters, daily activities are more frequent at
night and they are more active in the spring and autumn seasons.
Wintering molecular changes in the brain of Calidris pusilla at lower latitude
Authors: Pereira Patrick , Henrique Ediely , Costa Emanuel da , Silva Anderson da , Melo Mauro , Schneider Maria Paula , Burbano Rommel , Diniz Daniel , Magalhães Nara , Sherry David , Diniz Cristovam , Guerreiro-Diniz Cristovam
Published: November 2022

Migrant birds prepare differently to fly north for breeding in spring
and for the flight to lower latitudes during autumn avoiding the cold
and food shortages of the north hemisphere’s harsh winter. The molecular
events associated with these fundamental stages in the life history of
migrants include the differential gene expression in different tissues.
Semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) are Artic breeding shorebirds
that migrate to the coast of South America during non-breeding season.
Thus, the adaptive molecular changes in the brain of these birds at
lower latitudes have not yet been investigated in detail. Here, we
searched for differential gene expression in the brain of semipalmated
sandpiper, of recent arrived birds (RA) from autumnal migration and that
of individuals in the premigratory period (PM) in the spring. All
individuals were collected in the tropical coastal of northern Brazil.
We generated a De novo neurotranscriptome for C. pusilla individuals and
compared gene expression across libraries for neurotranscriptome. To
that end we mapped RNA-seq reads to the C. pusilla neurotranscriptome in
a total of 4 brain samples each group. A total of 266,414 transcripts
were reconstructed that yielded 615 differentially expressed genes in
the brain of both groups. The present report revealed a remarkable
differential gene expression in the brain of recently arrived and
premigratory individuals. It also revealed molecular brain changes
associated with the recovering of the 4 to 5 days long-distance
uninterrupted flight across Atlantic Ocean and preparation for the
long-distance multiple stopover spring migration.
Dynamics of a diffusive predator-prey model with prey-stage structure and prey-taxis
Authors: Lv Zhiyi , Li Yan , Fan Xiuzhen
Published: November 2022

This paper is concerned with a diffusive predator-prey model with
prey-taxis and prey-structure under the homogeneous Neumann boundary
condition. The stability of the unique positive constant equilibrium of
the predator-prey model is derived. Hopf bifurcation and steady state
bifurcation are also concluded.