bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An NIR‐II Absorbing Injectable Hydrogel for Boosted Photo‐Immunotherapy Toward Human Papillomavirus Associated Cancer
Authors: Yu Xinghua , Zeng Lingan , Yang Xinyue , Ren Zuliang , Dong Xuemei , Meng Ge , Shan Guogang , Yan Dingyuan , Wang Dong , Sun Fei
Published: January 2025

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly prevalent venereal pathogen accounting for genital warts and various cancers like cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Although imiquimod, a topical medication, is commonly used to treat genital warts induced by HPV, its potential as an in situ immune response regulator for HPV‐related cancers has rarely been explored. In this study, we developed an innovative synergistic therapeutic platform by integrating near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) absorbing aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) agent (TPE‐BT‐BBTD) and imiquimod into an injectable hydrogel named TIH. TPE‐BT‐BBTD molecule that serves as a photothermal agent, with exposure to a 1064 nm laser, effectively destroys tumor cells and releases tumor‐related antigens. During the thermogenesis process, the hydrogel melts and releases imiquimod. The released imiquimod, in conjunction with the dead tumor antigens, stimulates dendritic cell maturation, activating the immune system to ultimately eliminate residual cancer cells. This novel approach combines the immunomodulatory effects of imiquimod with a 1064 nm‐excitable photothermal agent in a hydrogel delivery system, offering a promising tactic for combating HPV‐associated cancers.
Recent Advances in Biocatalytic Preparation of Chiral Sulfoxides
Authors: Song Yawen , Wang Yifang , Pan Bochen , Cheng Xiaoling , Yang Jiawei , Chen Yongzheng
Published: January 2025

Chiral sulfoxides are essential in fields of pharmaceutical industry and asymmetric synthesis, requiring high enantioselectivity for their diverse applications. Biocatalytic methods, utilizing oxidases (e.g., BVMO, P450MO) and reductases (e.g., Msr, DMSO reductase), have proven to be efficient and sustainable alternatives to chemical synthesis. This review highlights progress made over the past decade in enzymatic approaches, including asymmetric oxidation, kinetic resolution, and cascade catalysis, with contributions from enzyme engineering to enhance activity, selectivity, and substrate scope, underscoring the potential of biocatalysis as a green and practical solution for producing enantiopure sulfoxides.
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: A Real‐World Study of Biologics and Sinus Surgery Use for Managing Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Jett Savannah D. , Gomes Pedro Lança , Marino Michael J. , Miglani Amar , Lal Devyani
Published: January 2025

Background/Aim

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multisystemic disease associated with nasal polyposis. Multiple biologics are used for managing EGPA, including some approved for nasal polyps (NP). This study investigated real‐world biologic prescription patterns for EGPA and their impact on NP and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) use.

Methods

EGPA patients with NP treated with a biologic at any Mayo Clinic site (January 2010 to January 2024) were identified by querying the unified electronic medical record. Patterns of biologic therapy, clinical course, impact on NP, and performance of ESS were studied.

Results

Eighty patients were identified. Overall, 71 of 80 (88.75%) patients underwent ESS, with 62 of 80 (77.5%) undergoing 131 ESS procedures prior to biologic therapy. ESS for recalcitrant NP (47 episodes) was performed on 38 of 80 (47.5%) patients on biologics. Biologic monotherapy was used in 90% (72) of patients; mepolizumab (81.9%) was the most common, followed by rituximab (23.6%), benralizumab (18.1%), and dupilumab (12.5%). Switching of biologics was observed in 28 of 80 patients. Concurrent dual‐biologic therapy was used in eight (10%) patients. For patients on single‐agent biologic therapy, ESS was performed on 52.5% of patients on mepolizumab, 23.5% on rituximab, 42.8% on benralizumab, and 22.2% on dupilumab.

Conclusions

Multidisciplinary multi‐modality treatment with biologics and ESS appeared to be the mainstay of controlling NP in EGPA. Mepolizumab was the most frequently used biologic. Dual biologic therapy was necessary in 10% of patients. Overall, 71 of 80 (88.75%) patients had ESS, with almost half the study population (47.5%) undergoing ESS after initiating biologic treatment.
Effect of Graphene on the Mechanical Properties of Glycidyl Azide Polymer‐Based Energetic Thermoplastic Elastomer
Authors: Wang Teng , Liu Wenhao , Zhu Cong , Li Tianqi , Luo Yunjun
Published: January 2025

Energetic adhesives with excellent mechanical properties are of great significance for the development of solid propellant. In this paper, a small amount of graphene is used to enhance the mechanical properties of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)‐based energetic thermoplastic elastomer (GAP‐ETPE), and an in‐depth analysis of the graphene enhancement mechanism is conducted through the structural characterization of the composite elastomer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that the solvent‐assisted ultrasonic dispersion method can fully disperse graphene in GAP‐ETPE, taking advantage of its high specific surface area. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) and low‐field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF‐NMR) analysis show that graphene can provide physical crosslinking sites, significantly increasing the crosslinking density of GAP‐ETPE. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicates that the increased crosslinking density caused by graphene will restrict the segmental motion of GAP‐ETPE. Static tensile test result shows that the use of 0.1 wt% graphene can increase the tensile strength of GAP‐ETPE from 7.0 to 7.8 MPa. This work provides a basis for the application of graphene in energetic adhesives.
A Type of Low‐Temperature Resistant Material Based on Ethylene Propylene Monomer/Polypropylene Thermoplastic Vulcanizates Compatibilized by Polyisobutylene
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Xinru , Hou Yanbing , Wang Rui , Han Jingjie
Published: January 2025

Thermoplastic vulcanized rubber (TPV) result in intermaterial incompatibility due to the thermodynamic incompatibility of the components that make up their soft and hard segments, which results in significant low‐temperature brittleness and poor mechanical properties of the material. And the low‐temperature properties of thermoplastic elastomers, especially based on ethylene propylene monomer/polypropylene (EPDM/PP) thermoplastic elastomers, and the corresponding mechanism of action have not been elucidated. The balance between low temperature performance and mechanical properties is a real challenge for TPV. In this paper, polyisobutylene (PIB1300) was introduced into the interstices of the molecular chain as an adhesive plasticizer to enhance the interfacial adhesion between PP and EPDM. The torque change showed that the presence of PIB1300 increased the interfacial interaction between PP and EPDM. The contact angle test and the calculation of the compatibilizer's position of action further confirmed that PIB1300 could be used as an effective compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of the material. When the amount of PIB1300 was 3 phr, EPDM/PP with both mechanical properties and compatibility, low temperature resistance, low temperature elasticity, and low temperature brittleness was finally determined, and the tensile strength of the material was 12.34 MPa, which was by 109.86%.
Effect of Mussel‐Inspired Polydopamine Functionalized Hydroxyapatite on the Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Films
Authors: Gong He , Jiang Guangzhen , Zhong Kai , Wang Zhifen , Fang Lin
Published: January 2025

Improving the strength and oxidation resistance of natural latex films and reducing the water‐soluble protein content are essential for the preparation of high‐quality multifunctional natural rubber latex (NRL) products. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has received much attention as a biocompatible material for its unique protein adsorption properties, but its poor compatibility with NRL has resulted in compromised results. Therefore, in this work, HA was modified by dopamine with excellent adhesion properties of OH and NH2‐rich to improve the compatibility of HA with rubber matrix. Therefore, the present work utilizes the excellent adhesion property of dopamine (PDA) to adsorb onto the HA surface through π–π interactions. The HA was then functionalized to obtain modified HA (HA‐PDA), which improves the compatibility between natural latex and HA, enhances the physical and mechanical properties, antioxidant properties, and reduces the water‐soluble protein content of natural latex films. When 0.18 wt% HA‐PDA was added, the tensile and tear strengths of the composite film increased by 32.4% and 42.92%, respectively, compared to the natural latex film. After 36 h of aging, the HA‐PDA/NRL adhesive film still has 35.92% tensile strength retention compared to commercial antioxidant 246. Moreover, the water‐soluble protein dissolved in HA‐PDA/NRL vulcanized films was only 15.05 μg/g, which was 67.49% lower than that of NRL. In addition, good biocompatibility of the composite adhesive film was also demonstrated by cytotoxicity experiments, which provides a new method for the preparation of high‐strength, strong antioxidant, hypoallergenic, and good biocompatible latex products.
Lipocalin‐2 Determination on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Integrated Circular Electrodes for Diagnosing Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Qiao Guangchao , Sheng Jijian
Published: January 2025

Ulcerative colitis affects the inner lining of the large intestine, causing discomfort, pain, and digestion issues, and sometimes leading to life‐threatening complications. With proper medication, symptoms and inflammation can be reduced, improving the condition. In this research, a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCN)‐modified circular interdigitated electrode (circular‐IDE) biosensor was developed to detect the ulcerative colitis biomarker lipocalin‐2 and measured at 0–2 V. A dual probing strategy with aptamer and antibody on gold nanoparticles was employed for the detection of lipocalin‐2. Probe immobilization was optimized on MWCN‐modified circular‐IDE, and saturation of 800 nM of aptamer on the GNP‐antibody facilitated the identification of lipocalin‐2 at concentrations as low as 1 pg/mL, with an R2 value of 0.9716 [y = 2.1058x − 2.7351]. Furthermore, lipocalin‐2 spiking in serum increased the current responses in correlation with the concentrations of lipocalin‐2, indicating selective identification without interference. In addition, nonimmune antibody and GNP‐conjugated complementary aptamer did not increase the current responses, affirming the specific detection of lipocalin‐2. This MWCN‐modified circular‐IDE biosensor, utilizing aptamer–antibody interactions, aids in identifying the condition of ulcerative colitis.
The mediating role of student engagement in the relationship between teacher and digital support and learner satisfaction in blended learning environments at higher education
Authors: Kok Xiao‐Feng Kenan , Pua Ching Yee , Puah Shermain , Devilly Oran Zane , Wang Peng Cheng , Chua Eric Chern‐Pin
Published: January 2025

Given the emergence of blended learning as the dominant mode of learning at university in a post‐COVID‐19 world, the need to examine students' perceptions of blended learning is increasingly becoming more important. This study examined the mediating role of student engagement in the relationship between the types of support (i.e., teacher, digital) and learner satisfaction in blended learning environments. A sample of 674 Year 1 and Year 2 students from a public university in Singapore participated in this study. Structural equation modelling showed that (1) teacher autonomy and digital relatedness support predicted agentic engagement, (2) digital competence and relatedness support predicted emotional engagement, (3) emotional engagement predicted all learner satisfaction facets except for learner–instructor interaction and (4) agentic engagement predicted all learner satisfaction facets except for learner–technology interaction. Of the four dimensions of student engagement, only emotional and agentic engagement mediated the relationships between various dimensions of support and learner satisfaction. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of emotionally engaging students and imbuing a sense of agency in them to enhance the relationships between the types of support and learner satisfaction.
Successful Treatment of Large Left Ventricular Thrombosis During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Yang Xue‐ting , Chen Yi‐jin , Zeng Han , Deng Lei , Chang Li , Li Yi , Song Meng‐long , Zhang Yang , Peng Wei , Wang Dong , Jiang Hua , Peng Hong‐qiong
Published: January 2025

We report a rare complication of left ventricular giant thrombus in a patient with fulminant myocarditis after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. This case report offers simple anticoagulant treatment experiences to eliminate significant LV thrombosis in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, so that patients do not need surgery.
Giant Hydatid Cyst Originating From Psoas Muscle Extending to the Iliac Bone: A Case Report
Authors: Niakan Mohammad Hadi , Mirparsa Fatemeh , Arani Hamid Zaferani , Hooshmandi Sedighe , Peyravi Elham
Published: January 2025

Hydatid cysts, caused by the Echinococcus granulosus parasite, predominantly affect the liver and lungs, but can also impact other organs such as the kidneys, brain, and muscles. Infection occurs when individuals ingest eggs from contaminated food or water, leading to cyst formation primarily in the liver. While hydatid cysts are commonly found in various endemic regions, muscular involvement is rare, particularly in the psoas muscle. This report presents a case of a muscular hydatid cyst, describes its management, and emphasizes the need for awareness and prompt intervention. A 50‐year‐old man presented with abdominal and left lower limb pain, along with weakness over several days. He was febrile, and a physical examination revealed pain during leg movement. Routine laboratory tests were normal. Ultrasound and computed tomography scans identified a solid cystic mass in the left lower quadrant, extending to the left lumbar muscle. After 28 days of preoperative albendazole therapy, the patient underwent surgery through a Rocky Davis incision, where a large hydatid cyst containing daughter cysts in the psoas muscle was discovered. The cyst was unroofed, and its contents were evacuated, followed by irrigation with hypertonic saline. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. He also received standard medication therapy with albendazole, and during monthly visits, no complications were observed during the one‐year follow‐up. This case contributes to the limited literature on muscular hydatid disease and highlights the importance of awareness among healthcare providers to ensure timely diagnosis and management.
Carbon Monoxide Toxicity Secondary to Cutaneous Methylene Chloride Exposure: A Case Report
Authors: Dornbush Carine , Mohr William , Galet Colette , Wibbenmeyer Lucy , Kurjatko Alexander
Published: January 2025

Cutaneous absorption of methylene chloride is rarely toxic. This case shows that it can lead to carboxyhemoglobinemia. Exposure to methylene chloride should warrant a carboxyhemoglobin check and oxygen support. Adequate decontamination and monitoring for symptoms in patients with greater cutaneous exposure due to persistent risks for toxicity are warranted.
Through‐Space Charge Transfer Dynamic Mechanism in V‐Shaped Flexible Carbazole Aromatic Imides Dyads
Authors: Yang Yuhang , Li Yang , Jing Rui , Situ Zicong , Kong Jie , Zhou Meng , Zhao Hongmei , Wan Yan , Xia Andong , Kuang Zhuoran
Published: January 2025

Cofacial electron donor‐acceptor dyads exhibiting through‐space charge‐transfer (TSCT) characteristics are widely employed in the development of optoelectronic functional materials. The flexible molecular frameworks between the electron donor and acceptor components allow dynamic modulation of electronic coupling, influenced by excited‐state structural relaxation or intermolecular interactions, thereby affecting the charge‐transfer (CT) dynamics and the emission properties of TSCT states. In this work, we examine the TSCT dynamic processes of two electron donor‐acceptor dyads, CzPhNI and CzPhPI formed by ortho‐substitution of phenyl linkage with V‐shaped flexible TSCT structures using carbazole as donor and naphthalimide or phthalimide as acceptor. A pseudo‐cofacial TSCT conformation formed in the excited state effectively shortens the donor‐acceptor distance and enhances CT coupling. Femtosecond spectroscopy reveals an ultrafast TSCT kinetics in the (200 fs)−1 timescale. Moreover, the intermolecular interaction‐induced D−A stacking further strengthens the electronic coupling, accelerating the TSCT reaction rate from (2.07 ps)−1 to (174 fs)−1 as solution concentrations increases from 10−5 to 10−3 M. The results obtained in this work offers valuable physical insights into the TSCT dynamic mechanism, potentially explaining the widely observed emission enhancement in weakly‐coupled, flexible TSCT emitters transitioning from solution to aggregation states.
Progress and Future Challenges in Designing High‐Performance Ni/CeO2 Catalysts for CO2 Methanation: A Critical Review
Authors: Liu Kun , Nawaz Muhammad Asif , Liao Guangfu
Published: January 2025

The Ni/CeO2 catalyst stands out among various solid metal oxide catalysts for its exceptional catalytic proficiency, positioning it as a prime candidate for the industrialization of methanation processes. This review thoroughly examines the prevalent challenges associated with Ni/CeO2 in methanation reactions, compiles current strategies to overcome these hurdles, and presents novel perspectives. The review elucidates the structural characteristics of Ni/CeO2 and its applications in catalytic reactions, discusses various synthesis methods and their respective merits and demerits, explores catalytic reaction systems at both laboratory and industrial scales, and clarifies the underlying reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, it underscores the mainstream approaches to enhance the low‐temperature activity of Ni/CeO2 in methanation and to mitigate activity decrement due to Ni agglomeration. The review concludes by proposing future directions for improving low‐temperature methanation activity and preventing catalyst deactivation, encompassing the development of innovative catalyst architectures, integrating in‐situ characterization with theoretical calculations, and investigating photothermal methanation catalytic systems. Undoubtedly, scientific researchers will persistently strive to develop Ni/CeO2 catalysts with high activity across a broad temperature range and robust stability, driving the industrialization of CO2 methanation technology in the foreseeable future.
Can a Cochlear Implant Be Used as an Electrical Impedance Tomography Device?
Authors: Fourie Friedemarie , Thiselton Joshua , Hanekom Tania
Published: January 2025

The imaging of the live cochlea is a challenging task. Regardless of the quality of images obtained from modern clinical imaging techniques, the internal structures of the cochlea mainly remain obscured. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a safe, low‐cost alternative medical imaging technique with applications in various clinical scenarios. In this article, EIT is investigated as an alternative method to image and extract the centre of gravity of the modiolus in vivo. This information can be used to augment present postoperative medical imaging techniques to investigate the cochlea. The cochlear implant EIT system was simulated by modelling user‐specific electrode array trajectories within a simple conductive medium containing an inhomogeneity representing the modiolus. The method included an adapted adjacent stimulation protocol for data collection. For the image reconstruction, NOSER and Tikhonov priors were considered. A parameter analysis was conducted to find the most robust combination of image priors and hyperparameters for this application. The cochlear implant EIT methodology was validated at different noise levels for four electrode array trajectories. Comparing the NOSER and Tikhonov priors, it was observed that the NOSER prior exhibits superior centre of gravity localisation performance in cochlear implant EIT image reconstruction for different noise levels and user‐dependent variability in electrode array trajectories. Image reconstruction, using a NOSER prior at a hyperparameter value of approximately 0.001, resulted in an average centre of gravity localisation error of less than 4% for all electrode array trajectories using difference imaging and less than 5.5% using absolute imaging.
Performance Estimation of Outdoor Visible Light Communication System Over FSO Link Employing ML Techniques
Authors: Sharma Aanchal , Kaur Sanmukh
Published: January 2025

In the present work, we propose and investigate the performance of an outdoor, free‐space optical (FSO) link employing a visible light communication (VLC) system under various weather and atmospheric turbulence conditions. The Kim and Carbonneau models have been applied for calculating fog and rain‐induced attenuation, respectively, to predict the performance of the FSO link in specific regions. A bit error rate (BER) of 10−10 has been observed in case of clear, rain, and fog climate conditions at transmission ranges of 980, 950, and 930 m, respectively, under no turbulence conditions. A dataset comprising different performance parameters, including range, attenuation, and laser input power, was used as input features for various machine learning (ML) techniques. The prediction accuracy of artificial neural networks (ANN), random forest (RF), decision trees (DT), k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), and gradient boosting regression (GBR) ML algorithms was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) as performance indices. The ANN model achieved the best R2 value (0.9942), while RF provided the optimal RMSE (2.78). Effectiveness of ML models in accurate prediction of the system performance has been validated, and the resultant system may be employed for performance monitoring of impairments in optical networks.
Predictive Modeling of Juvenile Smalltooth Sawfish Habitats: Challenges and Opportunities for Conservation
Authors: Kroetz Andrea M. , Dedman Simon , Carlson John K.
Published: January 2025

Effective conservation of rare species necessitates the identification of critical habitats and their specific features that influence species occurrence. This study focused on smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata), a critically endangered elasmobranch, to explore how predictive spatial modeling can enhance conservation efforts. By leveraging long‐term occurrence and relative abundance data from scientific gillnet surveys, along with in situ environmental data, we used boosted regression trees (BRT) to pinpoint key habitat features essential for juvenile sawfish. Our analysis revealed strong correlations between sawfish presence and environmental variables, with a preferential selection of very shallow, warm, and saline waters fringed with mangroves, particularly those with high pneumatophore density. High relative abundances were observed in warmer months, and predictions of presence were consistent around discrete mangrove‐lined areas in Everglades National Park throughout all seasons. This study emphasizes the importance of high‐quality environmental data in predictive modeling and informs management strategies aimed at protecting the critical habitats necessary for the recovery of this species. Preventing the loss of mangroves in vulnerable regions of the smalltooth sawfish's range—especially near anthropogenic influences such as the Charlotte Harbor Estuary—is crucial for recovery. We also highlight the need for improved data access to facilitate global abundance predictions, thereby enhancing spatial management and conservation efforts for rare species.
The Role of Artificial Lakes Located in Forests in the Context of Small Retention, Biodiversity and Climatic Changes—Evidence From Southern Poland
Authors: Starzak Rafał , Cieplok Anna , Czerniawski Robert , Spyra Aneta
Published: January 2025

Drought has an effect on hydrologic conditions and water quality under climate change. Small water retention in forests is one of the priority investment programs implemented in recent years, supported by the European Union. This study aimed to assess the ecological conditions of forest lakes using macrophytes and benthos organisms diversity as an ecological indicator of ecosystem conditions under climatic changes. The study was carried out in forest artificial lakes serving as surface water retention in the context of biodiversity in climatic changes and its role in the retention of water. Despite systematic maintenance activities, a long period of lake existence significantly determines the natural biological processes occurring in lakes and riparian habitats. The analysis showed low values of salinity indicators and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus. The pH ranged from 6.2 to 7.6; showing slightly acidic conditions or within the limits of neutral. The model of plant associations showed the occurrence of 24 species of plants within nine plant assemblages in the Phragmitetea and Potametea classes of associations (Biocenotic index 1.007–1.692). Despite human activities, lake condition, as assessed by the ESMI index or the biocenotic diversity indices, is good (0.416–0.648). Climate change, expressed by an increase in the frequency of dry years, creates a situation of changes in filling lakes with water, which, taking into account their small depth, results in dynamically changing conditions for the development of phytolittoral. Along with the phytolittoral changes, benthos communities change, their density and the number of taxa also fluctuate. It should be assumed that with ongoing climate change, these phenomena will probably intensify, which will lead to changes in entire ecosystems at plant and animal levels.
Impacts of Selective Predation on Infection Prevalence and Host Susceptibility
Authors: Gutierrez Stephanie O. , Bernal Ximena E. , Searle Catherine L.
Published: January 2025

Predation can alter diverse ecological processes, including host–parasite interactions. Selective predation, whereby predators preferentially feed on certain prey types, can affect prey density and selective pressures. Studies on selective predation in infected populations have primarily focused on predators preferentially feeding on infected prey. However, there is substantial evidence that some predators preferentially consume uninfected individuals. Such different strategies of prey selectivity likely modulate host–parasite interactions, changing the fitness payoffs both for hosts and their parasites. Here we investigated the effects of different types of selective predation on infection dynamics and host evolution. We used a host–parasite system in the laboratory (Daphnia dentifera infected with the horizontally transmitted fungus, Metschnikowia bicuspidata) to artificially manipulate selective predation by removing infected, uninfected, or randomly selected prey over approximately 8–9 overlapping generations. We collected weekly data on population demographics and host infection and measured susceptibility from a subset of the remaining hosts in each population at the end of the experiment. After 6 weeks of selective predation pressure, we found no differences in host abundance or infection prevalence across predation treatments. Counterintuitively, populations with selective predation on infected individuals had a higher abundance of infected individuals than populations where either uninfected or randomly selected individuals were removed. Additionally, populations with selective predation for uninfected individuals had a higher proportion of individuals infected after a standardized exposure to the parasite than individuals from the two other predation treatments. These results suggest that selective predation can alter the abundance of infected hosts and host evolution.
Diversity and Abundance of the Species of Arboreal Mammals in a Tropical Rainforest in Southeast Mexico
Authors: Rojas‐Sánchez J. Vladimir , Coates Rosamond Ione , Sánchez‐Cordero Víctor , Lavariega Mario C. , Flores‐Martínez José J.
Published: January 2025

Habitat loss threatens biodiversity worldwide being particularly detrimental in tropical rainforests where a cumulative deforestation expands for decades. Tropical rainforests harbor a rich mammal diversity with a wide range of species using different habitats, ranging from forest‐dwelling to arboreal species. Recent techniques such as camera trapping have proven to be useful to study the ecology of arboreal mammals. Here, we assessed the overall community structure of arboreal mammals in a protected area by analyzing the patterns of diversity and abundance and their spatial and seasonal variations. A total of 21 camera‐trapping stations were set in clusters in three zones. Spatial and seasonal alpha‐diversity and community evenness patterns were estimated using Hill's numbers, and Sørensen's dissimilarities were used as a proxy to estimate beta‐diversity. A relative abundance index was calculated for each species, at each site and season. To estimate the influence of spatial and tree morphology on arboreal use by mammals, a Principal Component Analysis was performed. We observed a high species richness (14 species) of arboreal mammals. Species richness remained similar between sites, although shifts in abundances and a decreasing gradient in community evenness related to the distance of camera trap station located in each site were noted. We observed a high‐ and low‐diversity dissimilarity between camera trap stations and between zones, respectively. Seasonality showed no significant effect over abundance, alpha, and beta diversities. This protected area holds the natural habitat conditions to ensure the persistence of this rich arboreal mammal community.
Nest Site Selection by Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas) and Implications for Conservation on Qilianyu, Xisha Islands, South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Ting , An Xiaoyu , Zhang Chenglong , Liu Yunteng , Li Yupei , Yu Yangfei , Wang Jichao , Lin Liu , Shi Hai‐Tao
Published: January 2025

The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) is the only sea turtle species that breeds in China, and the largest remaining nesting grounds for green sea turtles in Chinese waters is found on the Qilianyu atoll of the Xisha Islands. Nesting site selection is particularly important for egg survival, and understanding the microhabitat characteristics of green sea turtle nesting sites is crucial for delineating priority conservation areas for nesting grounds. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of several microhabitat ecological factors in the selection of nesting sites and the success of nesting. To this end, we performed differential comparisons, principal component analysis, and generalized linear model analysis. There were significant differences in microhabitat ecological factors, such as surface temperature, humidity, and particle size distribution (0.250–1 mm), between the nesting sites and the surrounding area. Green sea turtle nests were concentrated at a distance of 20.1–30 m from the high tide line, with a preferred distance from vegetation of 0–0.5 m. The vegetation cover of successful nests was concentrated in the range of 0%–25%, and the preferred sand types for successful nests were coarse sand (0.425–1 mm) and medium sand (0.250–0.425 mm). The average hatching success of six green sea turtle nests on North Island was 94.52%. The key microhabitat factors affecting the success of nesting were found to be sand characteristics such as humidity, bulk density, and particle size ratio. Therefore, green sea turtles on the Xisha Islands exhibit preferences for microhabitat ecological factors during nesting site selection, and the ecological characteristics of nesting grounds can affect the hatching success rate of green sea turtles. Therefore, it is recommended to continuously monitor the characteristics of and changes in green sea turtle nesting site selection and take measures to provide high‐quality nesting and hatching environments for sea turtles.
Fungal Biomolecules for Food and Pharmaceutical Application
Authors: Flores Giancarlo Angeles , Cusumano Gaia , Zengin Gokhan , Venanzoni Roberto , Angelini Paola
Published: January 2025

Mushrooms have long been an integral part of human culture and health and are valued for their nutritional and therapeutic properties. Often referred to as a superfood, mushrooms are rich in bioactive compounds that provide a range of health benefits including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, prebiotic, antidiabetic, and anti‐inflammatory effects. This review focussed on the diversity of mushrooms, emphasizing their nutritional and medicinal significance, and explores their secondary metabolites with potential applications in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. It underscores the role of mushrooms as vital bioactive agents in developing value‐added products. An overview of the bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, peptides, proteins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, have been identified in numerous mushroom species. Additionally, the review addresses advancements in fungal biotechnology, particularly the use of fungi as efficient industrial cell factories, and their influence on food quality and sustainability. By critically analyzing recent studies, the review summarizes the diverse roles of fungal biomolecules in the food and pharmaceutical industries and highlights their significant contribution to modern medicine and health‐related fields.
The Role of Negative Affect and Experiential Avoidance in Postsurgical Pain and Fatigue Among Norwegian Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Rosenblom Maria Frøseth , Reme Silje Endresen , Jacobsen Henrik Børsting
Published: January 2025

Background

Women undergoing breast cancer surgery frequently experience postsurgical pain and fatigue, which reduces their quality of life. Although psychological factors have been shown to play a role in predicting postsurgical outcomes, the subacute recovery phase often remains underexplored. In this secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial, we sought to investigate the predictive role of negative affect and experiential avoidance on postsurgical symptoms during both acute and subacute recovery.

Methods

From the initial sample, 189 women who met the inclusion criteria completed the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ‐II) before surgery to assess levels of negative affect and experiential avoidance. Postsurgical pain and fatigue were measured at hospital discharge and again 3–4 weeks later using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Results

Bivariate linear regression analyses revealed that higher presurgical negative affect and experiential avoidance significantly predicted increased levels of all acute and subacute postsurgical symptoms (all p ≤ 0.027). After adjusting for covariates in multivariate regression analyses, the AAQ‐II remained a predictor of acute pain unpleasantness (p = 0.011) and fatigue (p = 0.048), although the effect estimates were modest.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the need to take psychological factors into account in treatment planning for acute postsurgical symptoms in order to develop more individualised approaches to optimise recovery for women undergoing breast cancer surgery.

Significance

Women with higher levels of negative affect and experiential avoidance before undergoing breast cancer surgery appear to be at greater risk for experiencing heightened acute postsurgical pain and fatigue. The identification of these psychological predictors can help clinicians recognise individuals at risk for severe postoperative symptoms and develop targeted preventive and curative interventions to mitigate these symptoms and prevent them from becoming chronic.
Summer reading: James Buckley and his amendment, FERPA at 50
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: January 2025

It always interests me when TV interviewers ask well‐known personalities what they read on their summer vacations.
A conversation on AI, writing, and online learning with Sherri VandenAkker
Authors: Arighi William
Published: January 2025

Sherri VandenAkker, Ph.D., has taught adult learners since the mid‐1990s, with more than two decades working in hybrid and online formats. She's a Professor of English at Springfield College in Massachusetts. I contacted her recently to discuss how artificial intelligence is changing writing and online learning. This conversation was conducted virtually through questionnaire and videoconference and has been edited for length and clarity.
Krystal Johnson: Mixing ice skating and college prep
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: January 2025

Within two months of starting her new position as senior director of college and career success at Figure Skating in Harlem (FSH), Dr. Krystal C. Johnson had already scaled out the organization's curriculum for the academic year and developed lesson plans.
Female Representation Among Head and Neck Surgical Oncology Publications
Authors: Trent Monica S. , Frank Madelyn , Meller Leo L. T. , Chan Daniella , Tsang Cynthia , Tokhi Waheda , Tjoa Tjoson , Haidar Yarah M.
Published: January 2025

Background

There is lower female representation within academic medicine. We aimed to investigate female authorship (FA) and female‐held chair or program director (PD) positions within head and neck oncology (HNO).

Methods

Articles authored by females about microvascular and reconstructive surgery (MRS) and transoral robotic surgery (TORS) were identified. A sub‐analysis was performed by investigating the gender of HNO fellows, PDs, and chairpersons. These were collected, and FA reported.

Results

There were 1227 publications, 656 on MRS and 567 on TORS. Females authored 299 (24%) publications, 139 (23%) about MRS and 160 (30%) about TORS. There was no significant increase in FA or fellowship trends over time (p > 0.05). In our sub‐analysis, we identified four HNO chairwomen (3%), and eight (6%) female HNO PDs. HNO chairwomen authored an average of 97 publications, PDs authored 37.

Conclusion

FA in MRS and TORS remained stable between 2001 and 2022. Although few HNO females hold program chair or PD positions they perform quality research and serve as senior authors on a large proportion of publications.
A comparative analysis of diversity combining techniques for repetitive transmissions in time spreading SCMA systems
Authors: Ülgen Oguz , Tüfekci Tolga Kagan , Sadi Yalcin , Erkücük Serhat , Anpalagan Alagan , Baykas Tuncer
Published: January 2025

Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) is a recently introduced wireless communication network technology. There are various techniques in SCMA systems to increase the system's efficiency, and one of these techniques is time spreading. By adding repetitive transmission and time spreading into SCMA, it is shown in previous works that the Bit‐Error‐Rate (BER) results are improved convincingly. However, in the previous works, other diversity combining techniques have not been considered. This paper introduces a new approach to further improve the performance of repetitive transmission in SCMA systems with time spreading by adding imperialist competitive algorithm in diversity combining. Alongside, four different combining techniques; equal gain combining, maximal ratio combining, selection combining, and genetic algorithm are considered to bring comparative analysis to show the significance of the new technique. Results show that the proposed method offers up to 2.3 dB gain in terms of BER, under certain conditions.
Tracking Economic Activity With Alternative High‐Frequency Data
Authors: Eckert Florian , Kronenberg Philipp , Mikosch Heiner , Neuwirth Stefan
Published: January 2025

Monthly macroeconomic series captured the sharp fluctuations during the COVID‐19 pandemic only with a lag. The use of alternative high‐frequency data is promising for crisis periods, but it is difficult to extract relevant business cycle information from them. We present a Bayesian mixed‐frequency dynamic factor model with stochastic volatility for measuring GDP growth at high‐frequency intervals. Its novelty is an additional state‐space block, in which the sparse observations in the mixed‐frequency data are augmented to a balanced panel with observed and estimated latent information. The dynamic factors are then estimated conditional on the augmented data. Our model exploits the information in rich datasets of weekly, monthly, and quarterly series, including alternative high‐frequency data. GDP is nowcasted timely and accurately during volatile periods.
The Value of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound and High‐Frequency Ultrasound in Evaluating the Efficacy of Wrist Intervention for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wu Fan , He Yikun , Guo Jia , He Zheng , Zhou Jing , Gao Zhiling
Published: January 2025

Objective

To explore the effectiveness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in evaluating the efficacy of wrist intervention for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients experiencing wrist swelling and pain at the Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, over the period from October 2021 to June 2024. All patients were given 1 mL of compound betamethasone injection under ultrasound guidance, and the characteristics of wrist synovium CEUS and HFUS before and after treatment were compared.

Results

A total of 49 patients (37 females, 53.45 ± 14.9 years) were enrolled. Peak intensity (PI) was highly correlated with the 28‐joint disease activity score (r = 0.798, p < 0.01). The display rate of CEUS for synovium of wrist joints was 100% 2 weeks after treatment, while the display rate of PDUS for synovial blood flow was reduced to 65.31% (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the CEUS had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.792 (95% CI: 0.666–0.918, p < 0.001) in predicting the therapeutic effect, with sensitivity and specificity of 52.2% and 96.2%, respectively. Moreover, HFUS had an AUC of 0.722 (95% CI: 0.577–0.867, p = 0.008) in predicting the therapeutic effect, with sensitivity and specificity of 56.5% and 84.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

CEUS and HFUS might be supplemental strategies in evaluating the therapeutic effect for RA patients.
Capnographic monitoring using a novel mainstream system during endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Takimoto Yoichi , Iwasaki Eisuke , Horibe Masayasu , Fukuhara Seiichiro , Minami Kazuhiro , Kawasaki Shintaro , Masaoka Tatsuhiro , Ogata Haruhiko , Bazerbachi Fateh , Kanai Takanori
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose

Insufficient studies exist on capnography efficacy during endoscopic ultrasound or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and no definitive conclusions have been drawn. To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a novel mainstream capnography using an over‐the‐biteblock end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2) detector in decreasing the risk of hypoxemia during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Methods

Patients undergoing EUS or ERCP with conscious sedation at a single Japanese center were randomized to a control or a novel capnography monitored (intervention) group in a 1:1 ratio. Hypoxemia correction maneuvers were pursued if the oxygen saturation decreased to <92% in the control or intervention group and if a 15‐s suspension of EtCO2 wave occurred in the intervention group. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemic events, defined as oxygen saturation <90%, during the procedures. Secondary outcomes included technical feasibility of EUS and ERCP with the use of this novel over‐the‐biteblock monitor.

Results

In total, 250 patients were enrolled without dropouts or missing data (control group: 125; capnography group: 125). There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypoxemia between the control and capnography groups (29.6% [37/125] vs. 26.4% [33/125]; p = .573). The estimated odds ratio was 0.925 (95% confidence interval: 0.708–1.208). The EtCO2 concentration was successfully captured without impeding endoscopic maneuvers from the beginning to the end of the procedure in all patients.

Conclusions

Although the novel mainstream capnography with an over‐the‐biteblock EtCO2 detector captures the EtCO2 concentration in EUS or ERCP under conscious sedation, it does not lead to the prevention of hypoxemia.
Genotypic Spectrum in a Cohort of Sri Lankan Patients With Homocystinuria
Authors: Dilanthi Hewa Warawitage , Jayasena Kandana Liyanage Subhashinie , Dhammika Nambage Dona Priyani , Indika Neluwa Liyanage Ruwan , De Silva Matara Mahavidanage Nishani , Kankananarachchi Imalke , Punchihewa Pushpa Malkanthi Gardiye , Irugalbandara Dharma , Schroeder Sabine , Karunaratne Kosala , Jasinge Eresha
Published: January 2025

Homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta‐synthase (CBS) deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Spectrum of genetic variants in CBS gene and their correlation with the phenotypes of homocystinuria in Sri Lankan patients have not been reported to date. The objective of this study was to identify the genotypes and genotype–phenotype correlations in a cohort of Sri Lankan patients with homocystinuria due to CBS deficiency. We determined the variants in CBS gene in 14 Sri Lankan patients with homocystinuria, from 9 unrelated families. The clinical features and the biochemical response to pyridoxine were studied for further correlations. Among the 14 patients, the common clinical features were ectopia lentis (100%), intellectual disability (92%) and marfanoid features (78%) at presentation while three of them had developed osteoporosis (21%). Median age at diagnosis was 8 years (range 2–12). Three pathogenic variants (c.1006C>T, c.785C>T and c.19del) and two likely pathogenic variants (c.869C>T, c.772G>A) in CBS gene were identified. Thirteen patients with homozygous genotypes were non‐responsive to pyridoxine while the only patient with the compound heterozygous genotype (c.869C>T/c.772G>A) responded to pyridoxine treatment. The genotypic spectrum observed in Sri Lankan patients is unique and mostly associated with pyridoxine non‐responsiveness. The majority of the patients were identified clinically at a later stage of the disease due to lack of a screening programme in the country. Therefore, it is important to improve the awareness of the disease among the clinicians in the interest of early diagnosis and early commencement of metabolic treatment.