bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humanistic orientation of sports coach training
Authors: Natalia Boreiko , Yushko Oleksii , Azarenkova Liubov
Published: March 2024

One of the main problems of reforming the process of training sports coaches, who will be the key to the restoration of the state and the final democratic changes of our society, is the formation of certain democratic values and corresponding personal qualities in them. Therefore, it is relevant to consider the issue of approaches to the formation of personal qualities in future coaches during the educational process in higher education institutions.

The purpose of the study: to determine pedagogical approaches to the formation of personal qualities in future trainers during the educational process in institutions of higher education.

Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, observation.

The article presents the results of the research, which was conducted on the basis of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". 30 students of the 4th year took part in it. Analysis of the literature and observation of the preparation of the specialty 017 "Physical culture and sport" made it possible to identify the need to find humanistically oriented developments to improve the educational process of training sports coaches, who, according to modern requirements, should be creative, free, purposeful individuals. It has been proven that ensuring the humanistic orientation of coaching activity requires a certain level of development of personal qualities from the future coach, among which the main ones are humanity, mercy, benevolence, kindness, cordiality, sensitivity, faith, respect and love for the child, freedom-loving, humanism, empathy, responsibility, tolerance, honesty, dignity, justice, principles, cheerfulness. It has been established that the following teaching methods are effective for the formation of humanistic qualities: the method of creative dialogue, professional trainings, social role-playing and business games, "brainstorming", analysis of practical situations, the method of the open tribune. All these methods are active and allow forming the personal qualities of students with an emphasis on humanistic orientation.
Peculiarities of physical rehabilitation of military personnel with lower limb amputation
Authors: Bochkova Natalia , Petsenko Nadiya , Satanovska Catherine
Published: March 2024

Statistics on the number of amputations of lower limbs performed by military personnel, materials of scientific and methodological literature and analytical reviews regarding pre-prosthetic rehabilitation, its availability and quality were studied. Special attention was paid to the influence of properly conducted pre-prosthetic rehabilitation in the term defined by the protocol on the further course of the physical rehabilitation process - the duration of the formation of the stump, its morphofunctional state. The psycho-emotional state of servicemen with an amputated limb was studied. When conducting the research, we used the analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature on various aspects of physical rehabilitation of people with amputation of the lower limb. It is shown that the correct use of a tourniquet to stop bleeding is a mandatory and important guarantee of the minimum possible amputation and the optimal course of the rehabilitation process. Blood loss, and especially mechanical injuries from long-term use of a tightly tightened tourniquet without its revision, lead to the death of victims in 80-90% of cases. The pathogenetic effect of the tourniquet on the body in conditions of combined trauma has not been sufficiently studied. It is shown that the lack of psychological help often leads to the development of post-traumatic syndrome, which is characterized by a depressive state, uncontrolled use of alcoholic beverages, drugs and suicide attempts. According to the results of our research, it is shown that it is necessary to increase the number of persons trained to provide first aid to the wounded (fighter paramedic) on the front line. The need for pre-prosthetic rehabilitation and psychological assistance is shown.
Breathing exercises influence on psychoemotional state in different age groups
Authors: Vasylenko Maryna , Omelchenko Tetiana , Kornieva Yuliia
Published: March 2024

The research aims to investigate the potential of employing breathing techniques to restore the psychological and emotional well-being of individuals who have been subjected to prolonged exposure to stress-inducing factors. The recognition of the public's demand for accessible mental health resources has led to the identification of the necessity to assess the efficacy of these interventions. Simultaneously, the matter of age disparities in the implementation of this approach is exposed. Due to the widespread adoption of breathing practices in Ukraine, it is imperative to provide recommendations that are grounded in empirical evidence. Methodology. The sample consisted of 514 individuals, categorised into four primary cohorts: high schoolers, young, young adults, and late adults. The groups were subdivided into equivalent subgroups based on their involvement in breathing practice. The authors utilised the POM-15 scale and the BBC Modified Scale of Subjective Well-being to evaluate psycho-emotional parameters. The statistical analysis employed multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Novelty. This study validates the beneficial impact of breathwork on mental health. Furthermore, the suitability of employing these methods for various age cohorts is assessed, taking into account the consistent lack of variation in the outcomes across different age groups. The importance of selecting specific breathwork methods tailored to the specific issues of the target audience is emphasised. Conclusion. The notable disparity in well-being levels between individuals who engage in regular breathing exercises and those who do not, suggests that this activity has the potential to enhance one's psycho-emotional state. No discrepancies were detected among the examined age cohorts. Breathing exercises are regarded as a cost-effective and non-intrusive approach to tending to the mental health of individuals across various age groups.
Training of future physical education teachers to physical culture and health activities in the secondary school
Authors: Griban Gryhoriy
Published: March 2024

The article examines the actual problems of training of future physical education teacher for physical culture and health activities in a secondary school. The process of preparing students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports for the organization of a physical culture and health environment at school has been revealed. The components of physical culture and health activities and the level of training of students for this type of activity are established. It has been proven that the issues of physical culture and health activities in Ukrainian schools are quite relevant for improving physical fitness, harmonious development and recovery of students. The purpose of the work is to establish the level of readiness of future physical education teacher for physical culture and health activities in a secondary school. The research methodology was to reveal the current state of solving the problem of training future physical education teachers for physical culture and health activities in a secondary school using analytical investigation methods and problem-based research methods. The following scientific methods were used in the study: analysis of literary sources, pedagogical observation, conversation, questionnaires, expert assessment and self-assessment of the level of knowledge, skills and abilities in physical culture and health activities, methods of mathematical statistics. The research was carried out at Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University in 2021–2023, in which students of the third and fourth years (84 persons) of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports took part, who are studying under the educational and professional bachelor's program in the field of knowledge 01 Education/Pedagogy, specialty 014, Secondary education in subject specialty 014.11 Secondary education (Physical culture). The scientific novelty consists in the disclosure of the dynamics of the formation of physical culture and health readiness of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports for professional activities at school. Third-year students have a low level of readiness for physical education and health activities at school (61.1–65.1 points). The students of the fourth course showed good grades (73.2–76.9 points) in all components of readiness for physical culture and health activities. Conclusions. The preparation of future physical education teacher for physical culture and health activities at school can be presented as a system of organizational, psychological and pedagogical measures of a higher education institution aimed at acquiring knowledge, abilities and skills in health preservation and experience of implementing various forms of physical culture.
Level of physical fitness and physical development of volleyball players
Authors: Denisovets Anatoly , Kozak Evgeny , Pantus Olena
Published: March 2024

In modern volleyball, the physical training of athletes acquires special importance in connection with the expansion of the range of game actions, the increase in the tension of the game, which requires maximum physical effort from athletes in situations that change quickly on the volleyball court.

The purpose of the work is to determine the level of physical fitness and physical development of volleyball players based on the results of pedagogical testing.

Research results. The study was conducted at Polis National University (10 team players, trainer-teacher: A. P. Denisovets). Pedagogical testing was conducted, in which 10 volleyball players of the student team took part. In the pedagogical testing, the following control exercises were used to assess the development of motor skills: long jump from a standing position, jumping up from a standing position, jumping up from a running run according to Abalakov), bending and extending the arms in a resting position while lying down, lifting the trunk into a sitting position from a lying position, throwing stuffed ball weighing 1 kg, "shuttle" run 4×9 m and a combined test.

The results of the study indicate that volleyball players have different levels of physical fitness. The results of hand and static dynamometry show that the highest indicators are observed in players who perform the role of the first pace, followed by players of the second pace. Linking players have a lower level of physical fitness.

Based on a study of the physical development of volleyball players, it was established that their average body length was 185 cm, and their average weight was 75 kg. First pace players had a height advantage compared to other playing roles, although libero players were shorter compared to other players. These data indicate a tendency to favor tall players in the formation of teams, regardless of their qualification and competition rank.

Conclusions. The conducted research will enable specialists and coaches to determine the optimal ways of planning to improve indicators of physical fitness and physical development of volleyball players, both during educational and training sessions of groups improving the sportsmanship of students and highly qualified athletes at all stages of multi-year improvement.
Theoretical substantiation of the definition "sports activities of highly qualified athletes"
Authors: Dutchak Y. , Zhuravlov Y. , Galchenko L.
Published: March 2024

The article provides a theoretical substantiation of the definition of "sports activities of highly qualified athletes". When forming a new concept, a logical-methodological technology of definition of concepts was used, which provides for the observance of certain principles. The following methods were used during the research: analysis of literary sources and documents; system analysis method; method of comparison and comparison; method of functional and structural analysis. It has been established that the result of sports activity is an effective combination of training of the organs that perform movement, training of the body's functional systems, and perfection of the neuropsychological mechanisms for regulating movements, states, and behavior. The specific features of sports activities of highly qualified athletes are singled out. Attention is drawn to the fact that when evaluating the success of competitive activities, the reliability of athletes' performances at prestigious international competitions becomes important, which indicates not only the level of mental preparation, but is an integral indicator of the evaluation of the athlete's physical, functional, mental, and mobilization qualities.

The author's definition "Sports activities of highly qualified athletes" is formulated, which is interpreted as a physical and/or mental activity that involves active interaction with the surrounding reality through educational and training training, which includes technical, tactical, theoretical and psychological training and competitive activities to meet the needs and achieving the planned goal.
The moral and ethical dimension as an axiological priority of sports activity
Authors: Zavalniuk Оlena
Published: March 2024

The article emphasizes that sports ethics is an integral part of sports activities and determines its social role in the formation of modern society. It is argued that the existence of physical education and sports activities based on ethical principles contributes to the creation of a healthy, just and harmonious society, promotes personal development and education of generations. It is noted that the principles of fair play have a broad social impact, and their reflection in interpersonal relations, youth education and the formation of public values is determined by the axiological basis of sports ethics. The purpose of the study is tohighlight the role of the Fair Play principle as an axiological priority of socio-cultural transformations of sports activities. Methodology. The study of the functional potential of sports activities and the possibility of human improvement was based on historical and structural-functional methods, as well as the methodology of transcendental pragmatics, which allows us to consider life-creation in the communicative plane. Scientific novelty. The meaning of the principle of fair play as a fundamental ideological guideline for all participants in sports activities is determined, the main thing is the process of combining in practice the principles of respect for the opponent, respect for the rules of the game and the decisions of the judges, equality of chances for all participants in the competition, etc. Conclusions. The author emphasizes the significant role of sport in the education of moral and ethical qualities of a personality, which is manifested in the formation of character, courage, sense of responsibility and ideals of fair play, etc. At the same time, sport also has a downside, characterized by egocentrism, unscrupulousness, pragmatism, and a thirst for victory at any cost. Hence the need to create a system of purposeful sports education, which should realize the significant positive educational potential of sports activities and curb the negative impact of sports on the individual.
Optimization of the process of teaching swimming to students in sectional physical education classes with the help of music
Authors: Kasich N. , Bondar T. , Krivobok T.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: to reveal the peculiarities of the influence of music in the process of teaching swimming to students. Methodology: the work used analysis and generalization of methodological, psychological- pedagogical and educational-methodical literature, analysis of the educational process of teaching swimming to students, generalization of the author's own experience of teaching swimming to children and adults, pedagogical observation, questionnaires, surveys.

Scientific novelty: The article is devoted to the issue of optimizing the process of teaching students to swim in sectional classes on physical education with the help of music. In our turbulent time in the conditions of Russian aggression, one of the most important issues is the physical development of youth and students. One of the most important means of physical education is swimming. Mastering swimming skills is an important means of preventing accidents on the water, improving the physical development and adaptive capabilities of the students' bodies. The use of music during sectional classes helps students to concentrate and optimize their sports achievements. Despite the presence of a certain number of publications on swimming teaching methods, the problem of special selection of music to optimize this process remains almost unexplored. A selection of specific musical compositions for relaxation and achieving a tonic state of student swimmers is presented.

Conclusions: the introduction of a new system of learning to music allows students to relax, distract from fear, improve learning conditions, which, in turn, stimulates students' desire to acquire the vital skill of swimming.

We note that along with the existing traditional approaches to teaching swimming, the issues of developing a program for mastering swimming skills with the use of music remain unresolved, which requires further research.
Dynamics of indicators of general physical fitness of young men in the process of sectional training in athletics
Authors: Kuznetsov V.A. , Kuznetsov S.O. , Savolainen O.V.
Published: March 2024

The process of physical education of schoolchildren in institutions of general secondary education should ensure proper physical fitness of its pupils. However, the data of numerous surveys of a wide contingent of students indicate a low level of physical fitness, which is primarily due to insufficient development of physical qualities. The emergence of negative cases during physical education lessons in the institution of general secondary education in recent years requires the use of such effective means that without much stress affect the physical fitness of schoolchildren.

The purpose of the work is to determine the dynamics of the general physical fitness of 16-17-year-old boys during sectional athletics classes.

Research results. The established indicators of physical fitness for the experiment formed the basis for further selection of means aimed at increasing the level of physical fitness of high school-aged boys.

Thus, in the experimental group, a section on athletics for young men was created. Classes were held after school twice a week: on Mondays and Thursdays, lasting 60-90 minutes.

Classes in the athletics section contribute to better assimilation of the program material, make it possible to significantly expand and deepen the scope of acquired skills and abilities, and increase the level of physical fitness. While conducting the preparatory part of the sectional class (warm-up), we drew the attention of the young men to the need to remember the exercises, their dosage and sequence. It was explained that a properly conducted warm-up helps prevent injuries and more effectively solve the tasks. Periodically, we offered the young men to warm up first in small groups, and then individually. When learning new exercises, in order to avoid mistakes, they were first demonstrated.

Conclusions. The dynamics of growth rates of physical fitness indicators of young men during sectional athletics shows that the greatest progressive changes were achieved in indicators of speed, endurance and speed-strength qualities.
Analysis and characterization of the categorical-conceptual field of the conceptual construction "innovative technologies in the field of physical education and sports"
Authors: Liakhova I.
Published: March 2024

The article highlights the categorical and conceptual field of the conceptual construction "innovative technologies in the field of physical education and sports", which is the basis for its construction; the characteristics of such concepts as: "technology", "innovation", "innovative activity in the field of education", "educational technology", "innovative educational program", "innovative educational project", "innovative educational product", "innovation cycle", "innovative technologies", "innovative technologies in the field of physical education and sports"; their interrelation and importance for education in general and specialists in the field of physical education, in particular, are presented.

The analysis, synthesis and generalization of concepts and conceptual constructions of scientific and scientific-methodical literature, state nomenclature documents, as well as such research methods as: comparison, analysis of own long-term pedagogical experience in checking, reviewing qualification works of higher education applicants, including mastering and expert examination of dissertations, it was found that most higher education applicants do not pay due attention to the acquisition of special terminology during their studies in higher education, do not refer to the legislative and regulatory framework. At the same time, special terminology is always related to the content of a particular science, theory and practice of a particular field.

It is noted that special terminology, including terminology in the field of physical education and sports, is an urgent necessity, the basis of professional communication, which requires in-depth knowledge, continuous development and improvement from specialists.

It is emphasized that a clear understanding and correct use of the concepts and conceptual constructions mentioned in the article will allow specialists in the field of physical education and sports to correctly direct their efforts towards the development and implementation of innovative technologies in the theory and practice of physical education and sports, as well as contribute to improving the quality of their research work.
Rational combination of program modules from sports games within the framework of the "New Ukrainian School" concept to optimize the process of physical education in 5th and 6th grades
Authors: Masenko Larysa , Lytovchenko Mariia , Melnychenko Oleh
Published: March 2024

Building a rational and effective system of physical education in the field of secondary education is extremely important for Ukraine, especially considering the challenges that our country is facing. Given this, the task of developing a system for students' physical education in general secondary education institutions is of primary importance. The aim of this work is to determine a rational, effective, and expedient method of combining individual program modules available in the content of the model physical education curriculum for 5th and 6th grades, in order to organize a high-quality process of students' physical education. To achieve this goal, modules from such game sports as basketball, handball, and volleyball were selected. Additionally, the aim of the work was to determine the nature of students' and their parents' subjective perception of these sports. Understanding this will allow for a more effective organization of the physical education process according to the proposed program. The research methodology includes a theoretical analysis of available scientific literature and a questionnaire method. The scientific novelty of the work lies in improving the process of organizing physical education in general secondary education institutions, in line with the current educational concept "New Ukrainian School". In conclusion, it is stated that the annual physical education program version, which is based on the combination of such program modules as "basketball", "handball", and "volleyball", can be an extremely effective and productive system of physical education for 5th and 6th grade students. It is predicted that the combination of these types of sports will more comprehensively affect the development of various physical and psychomotor skills. Also it will contribute to the general physical and social development of children.
The method of teaching physical exercises by means of sports games for students of the pedagogical profile with weakened health
Authors: Medvedieva I.M. , Stetsyuk T.I. , Dorohova O.V.
Published: March 2024

Scientific and methodological approaches to the problem of implementation and realization of health-oriented technologies of students of medical groups are disclosed in the dissertation research.

The solution of important issues regarding the deterioration of the state of health of student youth, a decrease in the level of their motor activity, an insufficient level of motivation for physical education classes, which requires the creation and implementation of practical measures aimed at the implementation of modern technologies in the process of physical education of students of a pedagogical profile with weakened health, remains relevant. The choice of the research topic "The method of teaching physical exercises by means of sports games for students of the pedagogical profile with weakened health" is due to the need to increase the effectiveness of the process of physical education of students of pedagogical profile with weakened health, which meets socio-economic requirements and is carried out under the "condition of implementation" of health learning technologies in the process of physical education of student youth. The proposed model of the methodology of teaching physical exercises and the development of physical qualities by means of badminton in the process of physical education of students of a pedagogical profile with weakened health, we propose to present as a system with defined components, which is formed by the totality, subordination and ratio of internal connections between its elements. In this regard, the motivational and target component is the main, system- forming part of the learning process and includes the purpose, tasks, functions and orientation of physical education of students of the pedagogical profile with weakened health, which contributes to the formation of students' motivation and a conscious attitude to the educational process of physical education, its means and methods, independent motor activities, the desire to constantly improve physical culture and sports skills.
Theoretical justification of the need for rational use of physical activity in the prepubertal period in schoolchildren
Authors: Orlov O.I. , Malinskyi I.Y. , Golovashchenko R.V.
Published: March 2024

The goal is to theoretically substantiate the need to assess the functional state of elementary school students in order to determine directions for reforming motor activity classes in elementary school. Methodology: theoretical analysis: in order to determine the importance of the problem of organizing physical education classes for children of pre-pubescent age, in schools and sports clubs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as other countries; empirical: pedagogical observations, testing. Scientific novelty. This article examines modern data on the dependence of the level of physical fitness on the general level of health of primary school students (in the pre-pubertal period), the specifics of physical development and physical fitness, the functional state of the respiratory system, the parameters of the cardiovascular system based on the heart rate of middle school students links of education, in particular younger schoolchildren, their prospects in the ontogenesis of further development. This fact may further contribute to a more progressive approach of the teacher to the training of students in choosing an Olympic sport and successful sports activities, in accordance with their individual development, gender and physical fitness.

Data from domestic and foreign literature are summarized, as well as the results of own research are presented, namely: an assessment of the level of health and physical abilities is carried out. Against this background, the dynamics of the growth of physical abilities of secondary school students compared to the results of similar work of a sports club was analyzed.

Conclusions. On the basis of the obtained data, it was concluded that the lack of motor activity of pre-pubescent schoolchildren has a negative impact on the further course of the ontogenetic process and requires a balanced approach to the creation of unified and personalized programs of physical training of schoolchildren and an increase in the number of times. that are assigned to motor activity both in school and in extracurricular work in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Ukraine and the possibility of further implementation in other countries.
Analysis of teaching models and professional and pedagogical competence of future trainers on athletic gymnastics
Authors: Ponomarov Valentyn , Bulah Serhii
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the article is scientific substantiation of pedagogical conditions and models of formation of professional and pedagogical competence of future gym instructors. Methodology - in accordance with the specified goal, we will proceed with the substantiation of pedagogical conditions and the model of formation of professional and pedagogical competence of future gym instructors. Scientific novelty - the article presents an analysis of pedagogical conditions and models of formation of professional and pedagogical competence of future gym instructors. The article shows what this process should be based on and what stages it should include. Consideration of mandatory procedures for the explanation of the necessary and sufficient pedagogical conditions of the corresponding professional training.

An important formative factor of the professional and pedagogical competence of future gym instructors is industrial practice, which is both a form of training organization and a separate educational activity. During the practice, there will be attempts to communicate with users of gym services, attempts of their strength in real pedagogical interaction.

Conclusions - pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional and pedagogical competence are:

introduction of an adequate, scientifically based model of formation of professional and pedagogical competence, which contains a number of interrelated components: social demand, goal, stages, dominant forms, methods and content of the pedagogical process;

reproduction of the socio-value mission of the instructor's activity in the motivational and value-content structures of the personality of the future instructor through the integrative, highly contextual and interactive nature of teaching psychological and pedagogical subjects;

directing the disciplines of the professional-practical unit, pedagogical practice, special coaching courses of the sports club to ensure compliance of the specifics of the professional-pedagogical competence of the future gym instructor with the personal characteristics of the specialist in the behavioral, emotional-volitional and cognitive spheres.
Features of the formation of healthcare competence of higher education acquires
Authors: Syrovatko Zoia , Yefremenko Viktoriia
Published: March 2024

The article reveals the peculiarities of the formation of health-saving competence of higher education students in the process of physical education. A theoretical analysis of the literature sources of the studied phenomenon is carried out and it is determined that the preservation and promotion of student health is the most necessary task in higher education institutions. It is emphasized that the peculiarities of the living conditions of modern youth, environmental problems, the growth of harmful information in social networks, the continuous development of technological progress, the abuse of bad habits as opposed to a healthy lifestyle, limited physical activity and other factors negatively affect the health of modern student youth. It is noted that higher education institutions should pay more attention to the introduction of innovative content, forms, methods and technologies aimed at forming the health-saving competence of students during physical education classes.

It was made conclusions that in the formation of health-saving competence of students in the process of physical education, teachers should should try to solve such problems as: forming an understanding of the importance of health competence; promoting the improvement of higher education students' levels of physical and mental fitness; use of innovative means of teaching and education innovative means of teaching and upbringing; monitoring and evaluation of the results of students' educational activities by means of physical education; coverage of more students who do not have the opportunity to attend physical education classes; organization of distance learning and training for higher education students; popularization and promotion of a healthy lifestyle through the use of modern digital technologies; creating opportunities for students to be involved in physical education and recreation activities (to improve physical health).
Changes of rat’s brain vesseles after air shock wave exposure
Authors: Kozlova Yu. V. , Kozlov S. V. , Maslak H. S. , Bondarenko O. O. , Dunaev O. V. , Oberemok M. H.
Published: March 2024

Mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury is common among the military, resulting in cognitive impairment, reduced socialization, which leads to disability and, as a result, a deterioration in the quality of life. It is considered that blood-brain barrier disruption and microvascular dysfunction are the key to this type of injury. The purpose of study was to study changes in brain vessels after air shock wave exposure. The study was carried out on 48 mature male Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into 2 groups: an experimental group, in which animals were subjected to inhalation anesthesia using halothane and exposed to a shock wave with an overpressure of 26.4±3.6 kPa, and a Sham group. After simulation of injury on days 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st, the rats were euthanized and the brain was removed and after all subjected to standard histological procedures and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For immunohistochemical studies, as primary antibodies were used eNOS. The finished preparations were examined by light microscopy and photographed. Disorders of the cerebral vessels in experimental rats were detected from day 1st of the posttraumatic period. It was found that the blast wave led to vascular rupture, as well as increased vascular permeability with diapedesis of red blood cells and cerebral edema for up to 21st days. Focal violations of the vascular wall integrity in cortical and hippocampal hemocapillaries, venular link of the submembrane vessels; changes in the morphology of the metabolic vessels endothelium; uneven blood filling of the brain vessels were of major importance. These changes indicate that increased eNOS expression leads to dilation of cerebral vessels, which is a compensatory mechanism in response to injury to improve cerebral blood circulation. However, eNOS is not involved in vasodilation, which we observed up to 21st day post-trauma.
Effect of quercetin administration on electron microscopic changes in testicular interstitial endocrinocytes during long-term central blockade of luteinising hormone in rats
Authors: Stetsuk Ye. V. , Shepitko V. I. , Pronina O. M. , Zaporozhets T. M. , Boruta N. V. , Vilkhova O. V. , Lysachenko O. D. , Pelypenko L. B. , Voloshyna O. V. , Levchenko O. A.
Published: March 2024

Quercetin is a flavonoid with potential health benefits and it may help prevent cardiovascular diseases, reduce the risk of degenerative brain processes and cancer, and has antioxidant properties that neutralise free radicals. Substances in this group also have antioxidant properties, which help the body protect itself from the harmful effects of free radicals by neutralising these unstable molecules. Research indicates that the impact of free radicals on cell structure is associated with the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular pathologies. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of quercetin administration on electron microscopic changes in the interstitial endocrinocytes of the testes under long-term central blockade of the synthesis of luteinising hormone by tryptorelin. The experiment involved 35 sexually mature male white rats. They were divided into two groups: the control group (I) received saline, while group II received subcutaneous injections of tryptorelin at a dose of 0.3 mg of active ingredient per kg of rat body weight to induce experimental central deprivation of luteinising hormone synthesis and additionally, quercetin was administered three times a day by gastric tube in terms of body weight. The study has demonstrated that the administration of tryptorelin results in structural and functional changes in the connective tissue components of rat testes. Specifically, there are quantitative and qualitative disorders in the population of interstitial endocrine cells, as well as electron microscopic changes at the subcellular level. Various pathological changes and abnormalities in the functional activity of the internal components of the cell were detected on days 270 and 365 of the experiment. The frequency, number, and size of Reinke crystals in relation to the cell volume correlated with changes in cells and increased at later stages of the study. A similar correlation with testosterone levels has not been found in the literature, which leads us to classify Reinke crystals as the result of degenerative processes in the cell. Thus, additional administration of quercetin reduces the adverse effect of tryptorelin and delays the onset of changes in the structure of interstitial endocrinocytes from day 180 to later observation periods.
A Summary of Ti-2023: The World Conference on Titanium
Authors: Venkatesh Vasisht , Pilchak Adam
Published: March 2024

The 15th World Conference on Titanium included papers on titanium alloy development, efforts to reduce Ti powder costs, additive manufacturing, and computational materials modeling tools. This article reviews some of the key advances reported at the conference.
The DOD's CMMC 2.0: What Heat Treaters Need to Know
Authors: Coleman Joe
Published: March 2024

Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) 2.0 represents the most recent iteration of the US Department of Defense's cybersecurity regulations. The CMMC 2.0 framework was developed to improve the cybersecurity posture of defense contractors and their supply chain, including heat treaters. This article reviews key requirements and how DoD contractors can prepare for compliance.
Performance and Causes of Failure for Circumferential Welds and Welded Branch Connections for 23Cr-45Ni-7W Alloy Under Internal Pressure Conditions
Authors: Kubushiro Keiji , Tokuda Kenji , Nomura Kyohei
Published: March 2024

23Cr-45Ni-7W alloy (HR6W) is a material being considered for use in the high temperature parts of A-USC boilers in Japan. In order to establish an assessment method of creep damage for welded components made using HR6W, two types of internal pressure creep tests were conducted. One is for straight tubes including the circumferential weld and the other is for welded branch connections. The test results for the circumferential welds ensured that the creep rupture location within the area of the base metal, as well as the time of rupture, can be assessed by mean diameter hoop stress. On the other hand, the creep rupture area was observed in the weld metal of the branch connections, although the creep strength of Inconel filler metal 617 was higher than that of HR6W. FE analyses were conducted using individual creep strain rates of the base metal, the heat affected zone and the weld metal to clarify this difference in the failures of these two specimens. Significant stress was only produced in the weld metal as opposed to the base metal, due to the difference in creep strain rates between the welded branch connections and creep crack were initiated in the weld metal. The differences between the two failure types were assessed using the ductility exhaustion method.
Experimental Investigations and Numerical Simulation Accompanying the HWT Test Loop Operation
Authors: Speicher Magdalena , Klenk Andreas , Oesterlin Heiner , Maier Gerhard , Schwienheer Michael , Wang Yan , Scholz Alfred , Oechsner Matthias
Published: March 2024

A material test loop has been installed at GKM Mannheim, which enables thick-walled components of future highly-efficient power plants to be exposed to steam temperatures of up to 725 °C. The project goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of a 700 °C power plant.
Microstructure and Creep Strength of Grade 91 Steel Used in USC Plants
Authors: Yaguchi Masatsugu , Nagai Seiji , Sawada Kota , Kimura Kazuhiro
Published: March 2024

ASME Grade 91 steel seam-welded elbow pipe, which has been used in a USC plant (A-Plant) for about 6 × 104 h, was investigated to clarify the microstructure and remaining creep life of the material at long-term region. SEM and TEM observations were conducted on specimens cut from the welded portions of the intrados and extrados of the elbow, and the number density of creep voids in fine-grained HAZ was measured in the wall-thickness direction. Then, creep rupture tests were performed to examine the remaining life of each portion of the base metal and welded joint. On the basis of the results, it was suggested that the microstructural changes were small and that the cumulative creep damage was also small for the elbow pipe during its use at the USC plant for about 6 × 104 h. The present result was compared with the result of an investigation on Grade 91 steel elbow used in another USC plant (B-Plant) for about 5 × 104 h. The A-Plant material had a creep life about ten times longer than that of the B-Plant material for not only the base metals but also the welded joint. Through the comparison of the investigation results, it was suggested that the difference in the creep deformation property between the base metals of the elbows was the main reason for the difference in their creep lives.
Secondary Hardening of T24 Steel Weld Joints Performed at Incorrect Interpass Temperature and Low Temperature Heat Treatment
Authors: Sondel Martin , Koukal Jaroslav , Schwarz David , Mohyla Petr
Published: March 2024

The efficiency of power plants is depending on the steam temperature and/or the steam pressure. Efficiency increasing from 35% to 42-45% require increasing of the steam temperature over 600°C and the pressure over 26 MPa. According to the designer opinion it is not profitable to use classical low alloy creep resistant steels 16Mo3, 13CrMo4-5 or 10CrMo9-10 for membrane waterwall construction for these service condition. New modified low alloy creep resistance T23 and T24 (7CrMoVTiB10-10) steels were developed for membrane waterwalls. Welding of these steels with small thickness (around 6.3 mm) should be enabled without preheating and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) due to the lower carbon content below 0.1%. High creep rupture strength (CRS) values are achieved by Ti, N and B elements alloyed to T24 steel. The original expectation that the welding small thickness without preheating was early overcome and was wrong. According to the present experience the T24 steel is welded with preheating at 150-250°C depending on the wall thickness and welded joint toughness in order to achieve required hardness and impact toughness values. Opinions on the T24 welded joints post weld heat treatment (PWHT) requirements are still inconsistent. Especially the membrane waterwalls of the supercritical power plants are still produced without PWHT.
Development Status of High Performance Ferritic (HiperFer) Steels
Authors: Kuhn B. , Talik M. , Lopez Barrilao J. , Singheiser L. , Yamamoto Y.
Published: March 2024

High chromium HiperFer (High performance ferritic) materials present a promising concept for the development of high temperature creep and corrosion resistant steels. The institute for Microstructure and Properties of Materials (IEK-2) at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany develops high strength, Laves phase forming, fully ferritic steels which feature excellent resistance to steam oxidation and better creep life than state of the art 9-12 Cr steels. Mechanical strength properties of these steels depend not only on chemical composition, but can be adapted to various applications by specialized thermo(mechanical) treatment. The paper will outline the sensitivity of tensile, creep, stress relaxation and impact properties on processing and heat treatment. Furthermore an outlook on future development potentials will be derived.
Dissimilar Metal Welds in Grade 91 Steel
Authors: Kuper Michael W. , Alexandrov Boian T. , Mills Michael J. , Joshua Burgess D.
Published: March 2024

Unpredictable failures near the phase boundary in Grade 91 dissimilar metal welds (DMW) with nickel based filler metals represent a significant problem for the power generation industry. In order to determine the root cause for these failures, it is necessary to understand the formation of the microstructure in the weld regions around the site of failure. Thermal histories were therefore measured inside the Grade 91 steel heat affected zone (HAZ) of an autogenous weld and of a DMW in the form of bead on plate with Alloy 625 to study the effect of the weld thermal cycle on microstructural formation. It was found that the HAZ in the DMW experienced longer dwell time at high temperatures because of the latent heat of fusion released during Alloy 625 solidification (1350 - 1125 °C). This allowed longer time for carbide dissolution and phase transformations in the DMW than in the autogenous weld. Additionally, the 625 filler metal created a large chemical potential gradient for carbon, which when combined with longer dwell times, yielded carbon depletion in the heat affected zone. Retention of δ ferrite in the coarse grained HAZ (CGHAZ) of DMWs was found to be an indicator for these mechanisms.
Microstructure Control Using the Formation of Laves Phase through Interphase Precipitation in Ferritic Heat Resistant Steels
Authors: Yuan Zhetao , Kobayashi Satoru , Takeyama Masao
Published: March 2024

The formation of periodically arrayed rows of very fine Fe2Hf Laves phase particles was recently found in 9 wt. % chromium ferritic matrix through interphase precipitation along a reaction path of δ-ferrite → γ-austenite + Fe2Hf with a subsequent phase transformation of the γ phase into the α-ferrite phase. One of the problems on the formation of the fine Laves phase dispersion is a poor heat treatability; the interphase precipitation (δ-Fe→γ-Fe+Fe2Hf) is competitive with the precipitation of Laves phase from the δ phase in the eutectoid-type reaction pathway (δ→δ+Fe2Hf). In the present work, the effect of supersaturation on the precipitation of Laves phase from δ phase (δ→δ+Fe2Hf) and the δ→γ transformation in the reaction pathway was investigated by changing the Hf and Cr contents. The results obtained suggest that it is effective to have a high supersaturation for the precipitation of Laves phase and an adequately high supersaturation for the δ→γ transformation at the same time in order to widen the window of the interphase precipitation
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Advanced Ta-Alloyed 9%Cr Steel
Authors: Tkachev Evgeniy , Belyakov Andrey
Published: March 2024

The microstructures of an advanced Ta-added 9Cr-3Co-2W-Mo steel with increased boron content that has been homogenized at different temperatures were investigated. The chains of coarse W-rich particles were observed in the steel after homogenization at 1150°C for 24 h. These particles remained in the microstructure after normalization and tempering. Such additional dispersion hardening in the initial state of the studied steel decreased the creep rate in transient region. However, the duration of steady state creep and overall creep time was increased in the samples homogenized at 1200°C. Despite of the presence of coarse W-rich particles, the impact toughness of the low-temperature- homogenized steel in the tempered condition was significantly higher than that of the steel homogenized at 1200°C