bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From human invaders to problem bears: A media content analysis of grizzly bear conservation
Authors: Hughes Courtney , Foote Lee , Yarmey Nicholas T. , Hwang Christina , Thorlakson Jessica , Nielsen Scott
Published: February 2020

Across their North American range, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) occupy a special place in human imagination, as icons of nature's rugged and raw power, to representations of safety risks and economic costs of living with carnivores. Different bear representations can also be found across news media, from controversial and sensational descriptions of attacks, tragic events and conflicts, to scientific accounts of conservation research. News media certainly has the power to pique curiosity, spark debate, or elicit emotional responses through framing and repetition of content. In turn, news stories can influence how people might interpret and internalize information about grizzly bears. Using media content analysis, we examined newsprint stories on grizzly bears across their North American range between 2000 and 2016, to understand message framing and attention cycle, as well as attitudinal expression and representative anecdote conveyed to the readership. We found that human–bear conflict stories are over‐reported compared to other narratives, where a single incidence garners more attention than a story about new scientific findings. We also found articles that included hunting frames largely originated in Alberta, likely due to the threatened species listing and hunting moratorium. Attitudinal expressions included ecological, negative or neutral, and moral sentiments toward bears. The most common representative anecdote conveyed to the readership reflected the dire state faced by grizzly bears. The bear eco‐gossip expressed in the articles we reviewed, which included clear protagonists and antagonists and the occasional man‐bites‐bear surprise, appears to be the diet of manufactured information fed to the public. Results of our study can help scientists and conservationists understand how news media portrays grizzly bears to the public and how this might influence public sentiment toward their conservation, but also identifies the roles that scientists, conservationists and journalists together can play in crafting effective, factual and engaging news stories about bears.
Multimodality imaging of tumefactive lipomatous hypertrophy of the right ventricle extending to the right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Ansari‐Gilani Kianoush , Gilkeson Robert C.
Published: February 2020

Lipomatous hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a rare entity that is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally in an otherwise healthy individual. Accurate diagnosis and assessment of possible hemodynamic consequences of this pathology is, however, necessary to secure an appropriate treatment. Multimodality imaging with echocardiography, CT, and cardiac MR can provide useful functional and anatomic information that can help to reach this goal.
Insects in agroecosystems – an introduction
Authors: Follett Peter A. , Bruin Jan , Desneux Nicolas
Published: February 2020

Agroecology is the study of linkages in agricultural systems and it derives from the need to understand and restore natural connections and ecological complexity to control insect and other pest populations. The present special issue addresses a rich variety of agroecosystems spanning the globe, involving the roles of a range of insects on a great many crops. The overview will further improve our understanding of the complex ecology of the players and the ecological complexity of the crop systems.
Childhood physical neglect and psychotic experiences: Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Authors: Stickley Andrew , Waldman Kyle , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Narita Zui , Shirama Aya , Shin Jae Il , Oh Hans
Published: February 2020

Aim

Childhood adversities have been linked to an increased risk for psychosis. However, as yet, there has been comparatively little research on the effects of neglect. This study examined the association between childhood physical neglect and psychotic experiences (PEs) in a general population sample.

Methods

Data were analysed from 2308 individuals collected during the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R). Information on lifetime PEs was collected with the WHO‐CIDI Psychosis Screen. Respondents also reported on five forms of childhood neglect (went hungry, went without necessities, went unsupervised, lacked medical care, chores too difficult/dangerous). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations.

Results

In models adjusted for sociodemographic and psychiatric disorder variables, aggregated physical neglect scores (continuous/dichotomized) were associated with significantly increased odds for any lifetime PEs. All individual forms of neglect except went without necessities (odds ratio [OR]: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98‐1.50) were significantly associated with PEs with ORs ranging from 1.28 (95% CI: 1.08‐1.51, went unsupervised) to 1.53 (95% CI: 1.19‐1.97, went without medical care). In models that were further adjusted for co‐occurring forms of neglect and childhood physical abuse, doing chores that were too difficult/dangerous continued to be associated with significantly increased odds for PEs (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.61).

Conclusions

Childhood physical neglect is associated with significantly increased odds for PEs in the general population. Screening for childhood adversities and PEs among potential patients may be important for the early detection of individuals at high risk for psychosis, as well as for formulating comprehensive and effective treatment plans.
Unexpected, isolated activated partial thromboplastin time prolongation: A practical mini‐review
Authors: Rasmussen Katrine Laura , Philips Malou , Tripodi Armando , Goetze Jens Peter
Published: February 2020

A common inquiry in coagulation laboratories is how to interpret an unexpected, isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). In this context, isolated means together with a normal prothrombin time (PT) and/or normal international normalized ratio (INR). This finding may lead to contact with laboratory doctors for further advice on a diagnostic strategy. Occasionally, the need for a diagnostic algorithm can be subacute, where surgery has to be postponed until an explanation for the isolated, prolonged APTT has been established. Activated partial thromboplastin time as a coagulation test was developed to monitor patients with hemophilia. Different APTT reagents display considerable differences in their sensitivity to deficiencies of coagulation factors. An isolated, prolonged APTT is seen in (a) individuals/patients with lupus anticoagulants, (b) patients in treatment with anticoagulants, mainly heparin, and (c) patients with deficiencies of specific coagulation factors. In this tutorial review, we summarize what may cause an isolated prolonged APTT and we present a simple diagnostic algorithm to differentiate between lupus anticoagulants (common) and factor deficiencies (rare). The identification of an isolated prolonged APTT as well as the underlying cause can be of the utmost importance in ensuring the correct therapeutic follow‐up.
No‐till System Participatory Quality Index in land management quality assessment in Brazil
Authors: Nunes Amanda L. P. , Bartz Marie L. , Mello Ivo , Bortoluzzi Jeankleber , Roloff Glaucio , Fuentes Llanillo Rafael , Canalli Lutecia , Wandscheer Cassio A. R. , Ralisch Ricardo
Published: February 2020

Soil fertility is the result of interactions between the physical and chemical soil attributes, affecting its biological component, which in turn feeds back to the physical and chemical soil attributes. The No‐Till System (NTS) is the main modality of Conservation Agriculture, essential to achieving farming sustainability and conserving soil fertility. However, farmers often fail to adopt the three principles of NTS: (a) minimum mechanical soil disturbance, (b) permanent soil cover and (c) plant diversification; therefore, the system currently requires a quality measurement. The NTS Participatory Quality Index (PQI) is a tool to qualify and monitor the farm system and requires the participation of the farmers themselves. The aim of this study was to assess key soil quality attributes associated with the implementation of PQI methodology during a large‐scale dissemination campaign in areas under NTS in Paraná State, Brazil (Paraná River Watershed 3), in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PQI as a tool to drive the improvement of farmers' management. Spearman's correlation coefficients were established between PQI scores and the chemical and physical soil attributes, as well as the indicators incorporated into the PQI. Data were obtained in the Paraná River Watershed 3 from 40 areas of farmland under different farm systems. Crop rotation was the primary management approach that improved soil and agricultural management quality under Brazilian conditions, and confirmed in the study region. The NTS PQI provided a way to evaluate soil management quality in the areas assessed. The rapid soil structure diagnosis proved to be a good tool for assessing soil structure.

Highlights

Farmers often fail to adopt the principles of NTS; therefore, the system requires a quality measurement.

A classification system to help farmers and agricultural professionals make good soil management decisions was proposed.

The tool was trialed on 40 areas of farmland under different farm systems in the Paraná River Watershed 3.

The NTS Participatory Quality Index (PQI) was used to successfully evaluate soil management quality.
Imperfect detection alters the outcome of management strategies for protected areas
Authors: Hammill Edd , Clements Christopher F.
Published: February 2020

Designing protected area configurations to maximise biodiversity is a critical conservation goal. The configuration of protected areas can significantly impact the richness and identity of the species found there; one large patch supports larger populations but can facilitate competitive exclusion. Conversely, many small habitats spreads risk but may exclude predators that typically require large home ranges. Identifying how best to design protected areas is further complicated by monitoring programs failing to detect species. Here we test the consequences of different protected area configurations using multi‐trophic level experimental microcosms. We demonstrate that for a given total size, many small patches generate higher species richness, are more likely to contain predators, and have fewer extinctions compared to single large patches. However, the relationship between the size, number of patches, and species richness was greatly affected by insufficient monitoring, and could lead to incorrect conservation decisions, especially for higher trophic levels.
Low‐dose rescue tirofiban in mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebral large‐artery occlusion
Authors: Yang M. , Huo X. , Gao F. , Wang A. , Ma N. , Shi H. , Chen W. , Wang S. , Wang Y. , Miao Z.
Published: February 2020

Background and purpose

Tirofiban administration during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains controversial. The aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a low‐dose rescue tirofiban regimen during MT for Chinese acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods

Patients from the ANGEL study, a multicentric, prospective registry study that included AIS patients who underwent MT owing to proximal large‐artery occlusion from June 2015 to December 2017, were collected. The patients were dichotomized into tirofiban and non‐tirofiban groups according to whether rescue tirofiban was performed during MT. Safety outcomes [symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH), total intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and distal embolization] and efficacy outcomes (artery recanalization and functional outcomes at 3‐month follow‐up) were compared between groups using logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 662 patients were included in this study, and 230 (34.7%) were in the tirofiban group. No significant differences in safety outcomes on sICH, total ICH and distal embolization and efficacy outcomes on artery recanalization and 3‐month functional independence were observed between the tirofiban and non‐tirofiban group in the entire cohort or the anterior circulation stroke or posterior circulation stroke patients (P > 0.05 for all groups). However, low‐dose rescue tirofiban was significantly correlated with 3‐month mortality reduction for posterior circulation stroke patients [adjusted hazard ratio 0.35 (0.14–0.92), P = 0.03].

Conclusions

Low‐dose rescue tirofiban during MT was not associated with increased risk of sICH, ICH and distal embolization for AIS patients, and may be correlated with 3‐month mortality reduction for posterior circulation stroke.
Symbiont community diversity is more variable in corals that respond poorly to stress
Authors: Howe‐Kerr Lauren I. , Bachelot Benedicte , Wright Rachel M. , Kenkel Carly D. , Bay Line K. , Correa Adrienne M. S.
Published: February 2020

Coral reefs are declining globally as climate change and local water quality press environmental conditions beyond the physiological tolerances of holobionts—the collective of the host and its microbial symbionts. To assess the relationship between symbiont composition and holobiont stress tolerance, community diversity metrics were quantified for dinoflagellate endosymbionts (Family: Symbiodiniaceae) from eight Acropora millepora genets that thrived under or responded poorly to various stressors. These eight selected genets represent the upper and lower tails of the response distribution of 40 coral genets that were exposed to four stress treatments (and control conditions) in a 10‐day experiment. Specifically, four ‘best performer’ coral genets were analyzed at the end of the experiment because they survived high temperature, high pCO2, bacterial exposure, or combined stressors, whereas four ‘worst performer’ genets were characterized because they experienced substantial mortality under these stressors. At the end of the experiment, seven of eight coral genets mainly hosted Cladocopium symbionts, whereas the eighth genet was dominated by both Cladocopium and Durusdinium symbionts. Symbiodiniaceae alpha and beta diversity were higher in worst performing genets than in best performing genets. Symbiont communities in worst performers also differed more after stress exposure relative to their controls (based on normalized proportional differences in beta diversity), than did best performers. A generalized joint attribute model estimated the influence of host genet and treatment on Symbiodiniaceae community composition and identified strong associations among particular symbionts and host genet performance, as well as weaker associations with treatment. Although dominant symbiont physiology and function contribute to host performance, these findings emphasize the importance of symbiont community diversity and stochasticity as components of host performance. Our findings also suggest that symbiont community diversity metrics may function as indicators of resilience and have potential applications in diverse disciplines from climate change adaptation to agriculture and medicine.
Drug prescription patterns and factors associated with polypharmacy in >1 million older adults in Tokyo
Authors: Ishizaki Tatsuro , Mitsutake Seigo , Hamada Shota , Teramoto Chie , Shimizu Sayuri , Akishita Masahiro , Ito Hideki
Published: February 2020

Aim

To determine the patterns of concomitant drug use for chronic diseases and examine the risk factors of polypharmacy in older outpatients.

Methods

Data were extracted from an anonymized health insurance claims database of a public insurance program for older adults in Tokyo, Japan. We analyzed individuals aged ≥75 years who had visited an outpatient clinic, and were regularly prescribed orally administered drugs for chronic diseases for ≥14 days between May and August 2014. The prescription patterns for 16 main drug types were studied using exploratory factor analysis, and the risk factors of polypharmacy, defined as the concomitant prescription of five or more drugs, were identified using multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 1 094 199 outpatients were analyzed (mean age 81.8 years, 38.4% men). We identified five prescription patterns that explained almost 40% of all observed variance: edema/heart failure/atrial fibrillation‐related drugs, insomnia/anxiety‐related drugs, pain‐related drugs, lifestyle disease‐related drugs and dementia‐related drugs. The significant risk factors of polypharmacy included men, octogenarians and nonagenarians, higher number of medical institutions visited, use of physician home visits, and hospitalization during the study period. The main drug types most strongly associated with polypharmacy were analgesics, diuretics and antidiabetics.

Conclusions

Polypharmacy was found to be prevalent in older outpatients aged ≥75 years in Tokyo. These findings might provide useful evidence that can contribute to the development of practical countermeasures against adverse events associated with polypharmacy in clinical practice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 304–311.
A hepcidin‐based approach for iron therapy in hemodialysis patients: A pilot study
Authors: Touzot Maxime , Lefebvre Thibaud , Maheas Catherine , Ridel Christophe , Puy Hervé , Karim Zoubida
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Hepcidin is a key factor that regulates iron homeostasis. In hemodialysis patients (HD), a high hepcidin level may decrease intestinal iron absorption and reduce the efficacy of Oral iron vs Intravenous iron therapy. Whether the hepcidin level in HD could guide oral iron therapy is unclear.

Methods

We report a monocentric study on nine “erythropoietin (EPO)‐free” patients (without recombinant human EPO [rHU‐EPO] for at least 6 months) and normal hepcidin level (<20 ng mL) during the study. After 15 days of washout, oral iron (ferrous sulfate 80 mg/day) was introduced. The primary end point was the hemoglobin response and iron store at 3 months.

Findings

Nine patients (8 men, 1 woman) with a median age of 62 years (range 42–79) were included. After 1 week of treatment, the median transferrin saturation index increased from 15% (range 6–61) to 34% (range 13–42), P = 0.62, reflecting intestinal absorption. The median ferritin level remained stable 80 μg/L (35–293) vs 82 μg/L (range 37–496) between M0 and M3, P = 0.43. During the 3‐month study, median hemoglobin level increased from 11.5 d/dL (range10.4–13.7) to 12.8 g/dL (range 11.1–15.2), P = 0.01.

No major side effects were observed. Quality of life assessed by the SF‐36 criteria was similar during the 3‐month study.

Discussion

Oral iron therapy is effective and safe in EPO‐free patients with normal hepcidin levels. These findings suggest that serum hepcidin may be a marker for defining iron therapy strategies in HD patients. HD patients treated with rHU‐EPO and with normal hepcidin levels could benefit from oral iron treatment.
The predictive value of serum galectin 3 for abdominal aortic calcification in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Chen Zijin , Ma Xiaobo , Yu Haijin , Chen Xiaonong
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Heterotopic vascular calcification is a common complication of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Galectin 3 (Gal‐3) has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular calcification. The current study aims to explore the potential predictive value of serum Gal‐3 for severe abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and AAC progression in MHD patients.

Methods

A prospective cohort who underwent hemodialysis during July 2014 at the Blood Purification Center of Ruijin Hospital were followed up for 3 years. Two AAC assessments were performed: one at baseline and one after the 3‐year follow‐up period. Serum Gal‐3 was detected with quantitative ELISA kits. SPSS 23.0 and MedCalc 11.4.2.0 were used to analyze the data.

Findings

One hundred and fifty‐two patients were recruited. Approximately 59.9% were male, the median age was 60 (50–67) years. Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum Gal‐3 was an independent risk factor for both follow‐up severe AAC and AAC progression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed significant prognostic value of serum Gal‐3 for predicting severe AAC and AAC progression within 3 years.

Discussion

We found serum Gal‐3 is correlated to vascular calcification in ESRD patients. Gal‐3 may be a potential biomarker of vascular calcification for MHD patients.
The taxon‐ and functional trait‐dependent effects of field margin and landscape composition on predatory arthropods in wheat fields of the North China Plain
Authors: Zhang Xuzhu , Axmacher Jan C. , Wu Panlong , Song Xiao , Yu Zhenrong , Liu Yunhui
Published: February 2020

Semi‐natural habitats are regularly shown to affect the diversity of predatory invertebrates at both local and landscape scales. In this study, we investigated the effects of three different vegetated field margins and the surrounding landscape composition on two common natural enemy taxa, carabids and spiders, in wheat fields of the North China Plain.

Carabids and spiders were sampled using pitfall traps located at 36 wheat fields near three different field margin types – grassy strip, poplar woodland and unvegetated pathway.

In‐field diversity of carabids and spiders was not significantly differentiated by field margin type while species richness of total carabids and abundance of small spiders increased with increasing field margin width, and the abundance of adult spiders, ground hunting spiders, small and medium‐sized spiders decreased with increasing distance to the field margin.

At the landscape scale, the abundance of all and large carabids was positively correlated with % woodland, while abundances of all and small carabids were negatively correlated with % grassy area. The abundance of spiders was positively related to % grassy area, while the links between % woodland and adult spider abundance in the fields varied between field margin types.

Our results indicated that natural enemies showed diverging, taxon‐ and functional group‐specific links to semi‐natural habitats at both local and landscape scales. Both the creation of mixtures between woodlands and grasslands across agricultural landscapes and an increase in field margin width are identified as efficient measures to promote carabid and spider diversity.
IFN‐γ/IL‐6 and related cytokines in chronic spontaneous urticaria: evaluation of their pathogenetic role and changes during omalizumab therapy
Authors: Grieco Teresa , Porzia Alessandra , Paolino Giovanni , Chello Camilla , Sernicola Alvise , Faina Valentina , Carnicelli Giorgia , Moliterni Elisa , Mainiero Fabrizio
Published: February 2020

Background

Recent studies highlight that high levels of cytokines may precede the onset of many systemic autoimmune disorders and may also be related to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) activity.

Methods

Eight patients with CSU candidate to omalizumab therapy were enrolled. Four healthy controls were included with the purpose of comparing baseline cytokine levels. We evaluated serum levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, TNF‐α, and GM‐CSF. For the patient group, venous blood samples were drawn at T0, T1 (1 week after first drug administration), T2 (after 3 months), T3 (after 6 months), and in case of relapse. Cytokine levels were measured using the human cytokines 8‐plex kit. Disease activity and effect of therapy were calculated by means of Urticaria Activity Score 7.

Results

Higher levels of IL‐6 and IFN‐γ were found in patients with CSU compared to those observed in the control group. Moreover, a common trend between these cytokines and the clinical history of disease could be hypothesized, with a decrease in levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐6 following remission of CSU with omalizumab treatment. Levels of other tested cytokines were similar between patients and healthy subjects.

Conclusion

IFN‐γ and IL‐6 are proinflammatory cytokines that are strongly related to autoimmunity. Despite being limited by the small sample size, our data offer new insight into a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CSU and support the need for further investigations.
Bargaining over a license: A counterintuitive result
Authors: Stamatopoulos Giorgos
Published: February 2020

Standard intuition in a multiple buyers‐single seller framework suggests that the buyer who is willing to pay the most for an object under sale would acquire it not only under a take‐it‐or‐leave‐it (TOLI) selling mechanism but also under bargaining with the seller, assuming of course that the buyers are not differentiated in terms of bargaining power. In this note we present a frequently encountered model where this principle fails to hold. We consider a Cournot market with two asymmetric firms, which are the potential buyers of a license to the use of a cost‐reducing technology. We compare the licensing outcome of the optimal TOLI mechanism with the outcome of a bargaining procedure. Surprisingly, we show that although the inefficient firm obtains the license under the optimal TOLI licensing mechanism, the result is reversed under bargaining, namely the efficient firm acquires it. As a byproduct, we obtain that market efficiency is lower under bargaining than under the optimal TOLI mechanism.
Systematic review of interventions to improve constant observation on adult inpatient psychiatric wards
Authors: Reen Gurpreet K. , Bailey Jill , Maughan Daniel L. , Vincent Charles
Published: February 2020

Constant observation is frequently conducted on inpatient psychiatric units to manage patients at risk of harming themselves or others. Despite its widespread use, there is little evidence of the efficacy of the practice or of its impact on patients and nursing staff. Unnecessary use of this practice can be restrictive and distressing for all involved and can cause considerable strain on healthcare resources. We sought to review interventions aiming to improve the quality and safety of constant observation or to reduce unnecessary use of this restrictive practice on adult inpatient psychiatric wards. A systematic search conducted in December 2018 using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and Google Scholar identified 24 studies with interventions related to constant observation. Only 16 studies evaluated a total of 13 interventions. The most common intervention components were changes to team, education and training for staff, changes to record keeping and assessment, and involving patients in care. A range of outcome measures were used to evaluate interventions. Over half of the interventions showed some positive impact on constant observation. One study recorded patient feedback. All interventions were targeted towards mental health nurses. Overall, there is no consensus on how best to improve the safety and quality of constant observations or reduce its unnecessary use. Studies vary widely in design, intervention and outcome measures. Existing research does however suggest that teamwork interventions can improve the patient experience of constant observation and safely reduce their degree and frequency. Priorities for future research on constant observations are highlighted.
The relationship between trust in first‐line nurse managers and organizational commitment
Authors: Akgerman Ayşe , Sönmez Betül
Published: February 2020

Aim

To determine the effects of nurses’ trust in first‐line nurse managers on their organizational commitment.

Background

Trust in managers is known to have important effects on employees’ organizational commitment.

Methods

A descriptive, cross‐sectional and correlational research design used in this study. The sample was selected using proportional quota sampling which consisted of 723 nurses working in four hospitals in Istanbul (n = 723). The data collection tools were a nurse information questionnaire, the Trust in Manager Scale and the Organizational Commitment Scale. The data were analysed using descriptive tests, correlation and regression analysis (backward elimination).

Results

The three regression models which were developed in this study were significant. In these models, the affective commitment subscale had the highest explanatory rate (29.5%). The variables such as being over 40 years old, being employed in a public institution and working on a permanent day shift and the subscales of the trust in manager scale such as support for subordinates and providing a positive work environment were predictors that affected the nurses’ organizational commitment scores positively.

Conclusion

The study results show that trust in nurse managers is a determinant of nurse’s organizational commitment.

Implications for nursing and health policy

First‐line nurse managers can increase nurses’ organizational commitments by building their trust with positive and encouraging behaviours. Top managers should point out the role of trust in first‐line nurse managers and indicate the components of trust that lead to positive organizational outcomes.
How patient migration in bed affects the sacral soft tissue loading and thereby the risk for a hospital‐acquired pressure injury
Authors: Lustig Maayan , Wiggermann Neal , Gefen Amit
Published: February 2020

Head‐of‐bed (HOB) elevation is a common clinical practice in hospitals causing the patient's body to slide down in bed because of gravity. This migration effect likely results in tissue shearing between the sacrum and the support surface, which increases the risk for pressure injuries. StayInPlace (HillRom Inc.) is a commercial migration‐reduction technology (MRT) incorporated in intensive care bedframes. Yet, the effects of migration‐reduction on tissue shear stresses during HOB elevation are unknown. We analysed relationships between migration and resulting sacral soft tissue stresses by combining motion analysis and three‐dimensional finite element modelling of the buttocks. Migration data were collected for 10 subjects, lying supine on two bedframe types with and without MRT, and at HOB elevations of 45°/65°. Migration data were used as displacement boundary conditions for the modelling to calculate tissue stress exposures. Migration values for the conventional bed were 1.75‐ and 1.6‐times greater than those for the migration‐reduction bed, for elevations of 45° and 65°, respectively (P < .001). The modelling showed that the farther the migration, the greater the tissue stress exposures. Internal stresses were 1.8‐fold greater than respective skin stresses. Our results, based on the novel integrated experimental‐computational method, point to clear biomechanical benefits in minimising migration using MRT.
The effectiveness of a nurse‐led intervention to support family caregivers in end‐of‐life care: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Becqué Yvonne N. , Rietjens Judith A. C. , van der Heide Agnes , Witkamp Erica
Published: February 2020

Aim

To evaluate the feasibility of a structured nurse‐led supportive intervention and its effects on family caregivers in end‐of‐life care at home.

Background

Family caregivers are crucial in end‐of‐life care. They may experience burden due to the responsibilities associated with caregiving. Some family caregivers feel insufficiently prepared for their caregiver role. Nurses have a unique position to provide supportive interventions at home to reduce caregivers’ burden and improve preparedness. However, few nurse‐led interventions are available to support family caregivers in end‐of‐life care at home.

Design

We will perform a cluster randomized controlled trial. The clusters consist of twelve home care services, randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group.

Methods

The study population consists of family caregivers of patients in the last phase of life. In the intervention group, nurses will systematically assess the supportive needs of family caregivers, using an assessment tool and the method of clinical reasoning. Family members of the control group receive care as usual. Primary outcome is burden measured by the Self‐Rated Burden Scale. Secondary outcomes are preparedness for caregiving, caregiving reactions and acute (hospital) admissions of the patient. In addition, the feasibility of the intervention will be evaluated. The study was funded in October 2016 and was ethically approved in April 2019.

Impact

Findings from this study will contribute to the scientific and practical knowledge of nursing interventions to support family caregivers in end‐of‐life care.

Trial registration

The Netherlands Trial Register (NL7702).
Self‐care status in children with congenital heart disease: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Nematollahi Monirsadat , Bagherian Behnaz , Sharifi Zahra , Keshavarz Fateme , Mehdipour‐Rabori Roghayeh
Published: February 2020

Background

Suffering congenital heart disease leads to physical and mental disabilities in children. Children's self‐care can result in appropriate care behaviors for limiting disease‐induced problems. Given the ability of children to care for themselves, we investigated self‐care statues in children who are suffering from congenital heart disease.

Method

This study was conducted using a mixed‐method approach and a sequential explanatory design. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess self‐care status in 124 CHD children who were living in Kerman, Iran. In the qualitative phase, the researchers interviewed 13 of these children and three parents using semi‐structured in‐depth and face‐to‐face approaches.

Results

The mean of self‐care scores in these school‐age children was optimal (10/7 ± 2/6). In the qualitative phase, three main themes were extracted: captive to health issues physical and mental sufferings and wishing for peace of mind.

Conclusion

The results showed that self‐care status in these children was optimal. As the main pillar of patient education, nurses can help enhance self‐care behaviors and reduce the complications and problems induced by the disease by implementing educational and support interventions for children with CHD and their families.
Computed tomography‐derived left atrial volume index, sex, and age to predict the presence and the extent of left atrial low‐voltage zones in patients with atrial fibrillation: The ZAQ score
Authors: D'Ambrosio Gabriele , Romano Silvio , Alothman Obaida , Frommhold Markus , Borisov Georgi , El Garhy Mohammad , Issa Karam , Penco Maria , Raffa Santi , Geller J. Christoph
Published: February 2020

Background

Pulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone of catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, with advanced left atrial (LA) structural changes, additional targeted catheter ablation of low‐voltage zones (LVZs) has produced favorable results. Therefore, with the advent of single‐shot techniques, it would be helpful to predict the presence of LVZs before an ablation procedure.

Objective

We hypothesized that computed tomography (CT)‐derived left atrial volume index (LAVI), in combination with other objective parameters, could be used to develop a score able to predict the presence of LVZs.

Methods

In a large cohort of patients undergoing their first AF ablations, comprehensive echocardiographic evaluations and cardiac CT were performed. During the electrophysiological studies, LA geometry and electroanatomic voltage maps were created. LVZs were defined as areas ≥1 cm2 with bipolar peak‐to‐peak voltage amplitudes ≤0.5 mV.

Results

In a derivation cohort of 374 patients, predictors of LVZs were identified by regression analysis and used to build the Zentralklinik Bad Berka and University of L'Aquila (ZAQ) score (age ≥65 years; female sex; and CT‐LAVI ≥57 mL/m2). The ZAQ score of 2 points accurately identified the presence and the extent of LVZs (area under the curve [AUC], 0.809; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.758‐0.861; P < .001 and 3 [interquartile range, IQR, 1.5‐4.5] vs 7 cm2 [IQR 4‐9]; P = .001). In a validation cohort of 103 patients, the predictive value of the score was confirmed (AUC, 0.793; 95% CI, 0.709‐0.878; P < .001 and 4 [IQR, 2‐7] vs 11.5 cm2 [IQR, 8‐16.5]; P = .001).

Conclusions

The ZAQ score identifies LVZs and may be useful for planning the ablation strategy ahead of time.
P53/PANK1/miR‐107 signalling pathway spans the gap between metabolic reprogramming and insulin resistance induced by high‐fat diet
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhang Bin , Wang Xinju , Liu Zhenhua , Li Juan , Zhang Shumiao , Gu Xiaoming , Jia Min , Guo Haitao , Feng Na , Fan Rong , Xie Manjiang , Pei Jianming , Chen Li
Published: February 2020

High‐fat diet (HFD) leads to obesity, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and increases the coincidence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as the ‘common soil’ of those diseases. Furthermore, people on HFD showed restrained glycolysis and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, which is the so‐called metabolic reprogramming. However, the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and IR induced by HFD is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PANK1 and miR‐107 were up‐regulated in the liver tissue of mice on HFD for 16 weeks and involved in metabolic reprogramming induced by palmitate acid (PA) incubation. Importantly, miR‐107 within an intron of PANK1 gene facilitated IR by targeting caveolin‐1 in AML12 cells upon PA incubation. Moreover, we identify that HFD enhanced P53 expression, and activation of P53 with nutlin‐3a induced PANK1 and miR‐107 expression simultaneously in transcriptional level, leading to metabolic reprogramming and IR, respectively. Consistently, inhibition of P53 with pifithrin‐α hydrobromide ameliorated PA‐induced metabolic reprogramming and IR. Thus, our results revealing a new mechanism by which P53 regulate metabolism. In addition, the results distinguished the different roles of PANK1 and its intron miR‐107 in metabolic regulation, which will provide more accurate intervention targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Self‐managed work teams: An efficiency‐rationale for pay compression
Authors: Adrian Nana , Möller Marc
Published: February 2020

This paper uncovers a novel mechanism through which pay dispersion can have a negative effect on firm performance, even in the absence of equity or fairness considerations. We use a stylized model of a self‐managed work team to show that, when team‐work involves heterogeneous tasks, the provision of incentives to exert effort conflicts with the provision of incentives to share information relevant for decision‐making. Pay dispersion deteriorates information sharing as it induces workers to conceal “bad news” to maintain their coworkers motivation. The practical implications of our theory are that team empowerment should go hand in hand with pay compression and that empowerment should be avoided when team production involves strongly heterogeneous tasks.
In the surf zone: Reproductive strategy of the calico surfperch (Amphistichus koelzi) in a comparative context
Authors: Izumiyama Michael , Westphal Michael F. , Crow Karen D.
Published: February 2020

We examined the reproductive life history of calico surfperch (Amphistichus koelzi), including mating season, pregnancy, gestation and multiple paternity utilizing restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. Furthermore, we compared the mating season of calico with barred (Amphistichus argenteus), walleye (Hyperprosopon argenteum) and silver (Hyperprosopon ellipticum) surfperches to determine if the timing of reproduction is divergent within and between the genera. In calico surfperch, the mating season occurs from October to November, and females gestate from December to May. All broods exhibit multiple paternity with a range of four to seven sires per brood. The mating season of calico overlaps completely with barred surfperch; however, barred surfperches have a protracted mating season which extends until the beginning of December, which may be due to differences in reproductive strategy such as size at first reproduction. In the genus, the Hyperprosopon mating season begins earlier than Amphistichus, with divergence in the onset of mating between Hyperprosopon congeners of approximately 1 month.
A new Amazonian species of Brachychalcinus (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Trombetas River basin, Brazil
Authors: Garcia‐Ayala James R. , Benine Ricardo C.
Published: February 2020

A new species of Brachychalcinus is described from the Rio Trombetas basin, Brazil. It differs from congeners by possessing a conspicuous rounded second humeral spot. Additionally, our new species differs from Brachychalcinus nummus, B. orbicularis and B. reisi by having a higher number of branched dorsal‐fin rays, and from Brachychalcinus parnaibae by having a lower head depth.
A new troglomorphic species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from north‐eastern Colombia, with proposal of a new Trichomycterus subclade and remarks on some nominal species from Colombia
Authors: DoNascimiento Carlos , Prada‐Pedreros Saúl
Published: February 2020

Trichomycterus spectrum is described as a new species from the Alejo cave, drained by the Ranchería River basin, in La Guajira department, north‐eastern Colombia, and is the first troglomorphic species described from this region. The new species shows an advanced degree of troglomorphisms expressed as eyes absent, long barbels and body depigmented. Trichomycterus spectrum is diagnosed by the putatively autapomorphic presence of a posterior process at the anterolateral corner of the epioccipital, and is also recognized by the derived presence of a circular foramen on the neural spine of the complex vertebra and the following posterior vertebra, and by the apomorphic presence of a well‐developed coracoid bridge, distally expanded, and contacting or almost reaching the lateral margin of the cleithrum. The new species also shows the derived origin of the levator internus 4 on the dorsal surface of the posttemporo‐supracleithrum that supports Trichomycterinae monophyly. We also propose a monophyletic subgroup provisionally within Trichomycterus, here named the Trichomycterus taenia species group, which includes species distributed in cis‐ and trans‐Andean drainages in northern South America. The taxonomic status of several recently described nominal species from Colombia is discussed, with several synonymy proposals.

Trichomycterus spectrum es descrito como una especie nueva de la cueva de Alejo, drenada por la cuenca del río Ranchería, en el departamento de La Guajira, noreste de Colombia, y es la primera especie troglomórfica descrita para esta región. La especie nueva exhibe un grado avanzado de troglomorfismos expresado como ojos ausentes, barbillas largas y cuerpo depigmentado. Trichomycterus spectrum es diagnósticado por la presencia putativamente autapomórfica de un proceso posterior en la esquina anterolateral del epióticoy es reconocido también por la presencia derivada de un foramen circular en la espina neural de la vértebra compleja y de la vértebra posterior siguiente, y por la presencia apomórfica de un puente coracoideo bien desarrollado, expandido distalmente y contactando o muy próximo al margen lateral del cleitro. La especie nueva también posee el origen derivado del levator internus 4 sobre la superficie dorsal del posttemporo‐supracleitro que soporta la monofilia de Trichomycterinae. También proponemos un subgrupo monofilético provisionalmente dentro de Trichomycterus, denominado aquí como el grupo de especies Trichomycterus taenia, el cual incluye especies distribuidas en cuencas cis y transandinas en el norte de Sudamérica. El estatus taxonómico de varias especies nominales recientemente descritas de Colombia es discutido, con varias propuestas de sinonimia.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden: Australia, 2019–2030
Authors: Adams Leon A , Roberts Stuart K , Strasser Simone I , Mahady Suzanne E , Powell Elizabeth , Estes Chris , Razavi Homie , George Jacob
Published: February 2020

Background and Aim

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) account for a large and growing proportion of liver disease burden globally. The burden of NAFLD/NASH manifests in increasing levels of advanced liver disease and primary liver cancer in Australia. A Markov model was used to forecast NAFLD burden in Australia through 2030.

Methods

A model was used to estimate fibrosis progression, primary liver cancer, and liver deaths among the Australian NAFLD population, with changes in incident NAFLD cases based on long‐term trends for changes in the prevalence of obesity. Published estimates and surveillance data were applied to build and validate the model projections, including surveillance data for the incidence of liver cancer.

Results

Prevalent NAFLD cases were projected to increase 25% from the current burden (5 551 000 [4 748 000–6 306 000] cases in 2019) to 7 024 000 [5 838 000–7 886 000] cases in 2030. The projected increase in the number of NASH cases (40%) was greater than that of NAFLD cases. Incident cases of advanced liver disease are projected to increase up to 85% by 2030, and incident NAFLD liver deaths are estimated to increase 85% from 1900 (1100–3300) deaths in 2019 to 3500 (2100–6100) deaths in 2030.

Conclusions

Restraining growth of the obese and diabetic populations, along with potential therapeutic options, will be essential for mitigating disease burden.
Nutritional adequacy and content of food bank parcels in Oxfordshire, UK: a comparative analysis of independent and organisational provision
Authors: Fallaize R. , Newlove J. , White A. , Lovegrove J. A.
Published: February 2020

Background

Food bank use has increased significantly in the UK. With the rise in demand, it is imperative that users are receiving food parcels that meet their requirements. The present study aimed to explore whether typical food parcels, supplied by The Trussell Trust and independent food banks, were meeting the daily nutrient and energy requirements of an adult user.

Methods

The Trussell Trust (n = 2) and independent food banks (n = 9) were surveyed in Oxfordshire, UK. Data were collected on food bank use, resources, donations and parcel content. The energy and nutrient contents of a representative parcel were compared with the average dietary reference values (DRVs) for an adult. Additional comparisons were made between The Trussell Trust and independent provision.

Results

Parcels provided energy, carbohydrate, sugar, protein and fibre contents that significantly exceeded the DRVs. In total, 62.2% of energy was provided as carbohydrate and 569% of the DRV was provided by sugars. The vitamin D and retinol content of the parcels was significantly lower than the DRVs, meeting 25% and 27% of users' needs respectively; provision of all other micronutrients exceeded the DRVs. The Trussell Trust's parcels provided significantly less vitamin D and copper than independent parcels.

Conclusions

Food bank parcels distributed in Oxfordshire, UK, exceeded energy requirements and provided disproportionately high sugar and carbohydrate and inadequate vitamin A and vitamin D compared to the UK guidelines. Improved links with distributors and access to cold food storage facilities would help to address these issues, via increased fresh food provision.