bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary
Authors: Agustí Alvar , Celli Bartolome R. , Criner Gerard J. , Halpin David , Anzueto Antonio , Barnes Peter , Bourbeau Jean , Han MeiLan K. , Martinez Fernando J. , de Oca Maria Montes , Mortimer Kevin , Papi Alberto , Pavord Ian , Roche Nicolas , Salvi Sundeep , Sin Don D. , Singh Dave , Stockley Robert , Varela M. Victorina López , Wedzicha Jadwiga A. , Vogelmeier Claus F.
Published: March 2023

See related article
Geology, mineralization and calcite‐rich potassic alteration at the Humpa Leu East (HLE) porphyry Cu‐Au prospect, Hu'u district, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia
Authors: Fadlin  , Takahashi Ryohei , Agangi Andrea , Sato Hinako , Idrus Arifudin , Sutopo Bronto , Pratiwinda Rachmat
Published: March 2023

The Humpa Leu East (HLE) prospect is one of the newly discovered porphyry Cu‐Au prospects in the Hu'u district, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. The HLE prospect was formed by calc‐alkaline magmatic activity in an active continental margin setting. The prospect is typical calc‐alkaline porphyry Cu‐Au mineralization related to multiphase diorite and quartz diorite porphyry intrusions, which are hosted by andesitic crystalline tuff, volcanic breccia, and andesite lava. Hydrothermal alteration recognized at the surface includes potassic, propylitic, advanced argillic, intermediate argillic, and argillic alteration. Two styles of Cu‐Au mineralization were identified in the HLE prospect, that is, quartz‐sulfide veins and sulfide dissemination, formed in the early, intermediate, and late stages. The early stage is associated with M (magnetite ± bornite ± chalcopyrite), A (quartz + magnetite), and AB (quartz + magnetite + chalcopyrite ± pyrite) veins. These veins were mainly formed in the potassic alteration zone. The intermediate stage is characterized by B (quartz + chalcopyrite + pyrite) and C (chalcopyrite ± pyrite) veins and mainly associated with the chlorite‐sericite and sericite alteration zones. The late stage is mainly associated with D (calcite + gypsum + quartz + pyrite ± chalcopyrite ± sphalerite ± galena) veins with sericite‐chlorite alteration halo. Petrography and electron microprobe analyses indicate that calcite mainly replaced Ca‐rich plagioclase. Fluid inclusion petrography and Raman spectroscopy revealed that monophase vapor inclusions, as well as two‐phase (V + L) and multiphase (V + S + L) fluid inclusions contain CO2 gas. The potassic alteration with significant amounts of calcite is indicative of CO2‐rich fluids, which is uncommon in other porphyry Cu‐Au deposits. On the basis of textural and fluid inclusion analyses, calcite formed by a reaction between Ca‐rich plagioclase and CO2‐rich hydrothermal fluids. The CO2 in the hydrothermal fluids of the HLE prospect was likely derived from the magma.
Effectiveness of various methods of manual scar therapy
Authors: Lubczyńska Agnieszka , Garncarczyk Agnieszka , Wcisło‐Dziadecka Dominika
Published: March 2023

Background

The skin is a protective barrier of the body against external factors, and its damage leads to a loss of integrity. Normal wound healing results in a correct, flat, bright, and flexible scar. Initial skin damage and patient specific factors in wound healing contribute that many of these scars may progress into widespread or pathologic hypertrophic and keloid scars. The changes in cosmetic appearance, continuing pain, and loss of movement due to contracture or adhesion and persistent pruritis can significantly affect an individual's quality of life and psychological recovery post injury. Many different treatment methods can reduce the trauma and surgical scars. Manual scar treatment includes various techniques of therapy. The most effectiveness is a combined therapy, which has a multidirectional impact. Clinical observations show an effectiveness of manual scar therapy.

Material and methods

The aim of this work was to evaluate effectiveness of the scar manual therapy combined with complementary methods on the postoperative scars. Treatment protocol included two therapies during 30 min per week for 8 weeks. Therapy included manual scar manipulation, massage, cupping, dry needling, and taping.

Results

Treatment had a significant positive effect to influence pain, pigmentation, pliability, pruritus, surface area, and scar stiffness. Improvement of skin parameters (scar elasticity, thickness, regularity, color) was also noticed.

Conclusion

To investigate the most effective manual therapy strategy, further studies are needed, evaluating comparisons of different individual and combined scar therapy modalities.
Subcutaneous fat infiltration into the dermal layer induces wrinkle formation
Authors: Ezure Tomonobu
Published: March 2023

Background

Wrinkles appear with aging, producing an aged impression, but the mechanism of wrinkle formation has not yet been fully elucidated. We recently reported that subcutaneous fat infiltrates into the dermal layer with aging and impairs skin elasticity, but the contribution of this process to wrinkle formation is still unclear.

Purpose

We aimed to clarify the contribution of dermal fat infiltration to wrinkle formation by analyzing the relationship between them in the forehead of female volunteers.

Methods

We measured the severity of fat infiltration in the forehead of 29 middle‐aged female volunteers by means of ultrasonography. Fixed wrinkles present when the eyes were closed and wrinkles transiently formed when the eyes were open were evaluated using a photograph‐based 6‐grade evaluation system for each type of wrinkle.

Results

Fat infiltration at the forehead area was observed similarly to that in the cheek area as we reported previously. We found that opening the eyes induced the formation of stable transient wrinkles, the grade of which was significantly related to fat infiltration severity. Furthermore, fat infiltration was also significantly related to the severity of fixed wrinkles. Moreover, the severity of transient wrinkles was significantly related to that of fixed wrinkles.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that fat infiltration into the dermal layer enhances transient wrinkle formation during facial expression by impairing the ability of the skin to resist deformation, thereby promoting fixed wrinkle formation. Therefore, fat infiltration is a critical cause of wrinkle formation.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*40:495 and HLA‐B*40:512 alleles by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: He Yizhen , Chen Nanying , Dong Lina , Zhang Wei , Zhu Faming
Published: March 2023

Compared with HLA‐B*40:01:02:01, the alleles HLA‐B*40:495 and HLA‐B*40:512 each show one nucleotide substitution, respectively.
Firm‐level characteristics and the impact of COVID‐19: Examining the effects of foreign ownership and international trade
Authors: Jordaan Jacob A.
Published: March 2023

Using a large multi‐country firm‐level data set from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, we examine whether multinational corporations (MNCs) differ from domestic firms in the prevalence and size of the impact of COVID‐19 on sales. Our findings reveal significant differences between MNCs and domestic firms, especially when accounting for the interplay between foreign ownership and international trade. Exporting MNCs are significantly less likely to experience a negative sales impact; this finding is robust to controlling for firm characteristics including size, age and productivity and the use of a propensity score reweighting approach based on the likelihood that a firm was foreign owned prior to the onset of the pandemic. Regarding the impact of the pandemic on the level of sales decrease, trading MNCs experience a significantly smaller negative impact. However, MNCs with joint high levels of imports and exports sustain a larger negative effect. MNCs operating in countries and sectors characterised by a high degree of participation in international production networks are less affected by the pandemic. When controlling for the interaction between MNCs and international trade, we also find a direct positive effect of foreign ownership on the size of sales decrease, representing a liability of foreignness effect.
Grid-based methods for chemistry simulations on a quantum computer
Authors: Chan Hans Hon Sang , Meister Richard , Jones Tyson , Tew David P. , Benjamin Simon C.
Published: March 2023

First-quantized, grid-based methods for chemistry modeling are a natural and elegant fit for quantum computers. However, it is infeasible to use today’s quantum prototypes to explore the power of this approach because it requires a substantial number of near-perfect qubits. Here, we use exactly emulated quantum computers with up to 36 qubits to execute deep yet resource-frugal algorithms that model 2D and 3D atoms with single and paired particles. A range of tasks is explored, from ground state preparation and energy estimation to the dynamics of scattering and ionization; we evaluate various methods within the split-operator QFT (SO-QFT) Hamiltonian simulation paradigm, including protocols previously described in theoretical papers and our own techniques. While we identify certain restrictions and caveats, generally, the grid-based method is found to perform very well; our results are consistent with the view that first-quantized paradigms will be dominant from the early fault-tolerant quantum computing era onward.
Distinct roles for canonical and variant histone H3 lysine-36 in Polycomb silencing
Authors: Salzler Harmony R. , Vandadi Vasudha , McMichael Benjamin D. , Brown John C. , Boerma Sally A. , Leatham-Jensen Mary P. , Adams Kirsten M. , Meers Michael P. , Simon Jeremy M. , Duronio Robert J. , McKay Daniel J. , Matera A. Gregory
Published: March 2023

Polycomb complexes regulate cell type–specific gene expression programs through heritable silencing of target genes. Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is essential for this process. Perturbation of H3K36 is thought to interfere with H3K27me3. We show that mutants of
Drosophila
replication-dependent (

H3.2
K36R

) or replication-independent (

H3.3
K36R

) histone H3 genes generally maintain Polycomb silencing and reach later stages of development. In contrast, combined (

H3.3
K36R
H3.2
K36R

) mutants display widespread Hox gene misexpression and fail to develop past the first larval stage. Chromatin profiling revealed that the

H3.2
K36R

mutation disrupts H3K27me3 levels broadly throughout silenced domains, whereas these regions are mostly unaffected in

H3.3
K36R

animals. Analysis of H3.3 distributions showed that this histone is enriched at presumptive Polycomb response elements located outside of silenced domains but relatively depleted from those inside. We conclude that H3.2 and H3.3 K36 residues collaborate to repress Hox genes using different mechanisms.
Developmental strategies underlying gigantism and miniaturization in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs
Authors: D'Emic Michael D. , O’Connor Patrick M. , Sombathy Riley S. , Cerda Ignacio , Pascucci Thomas R. , Varricchio David , Pol Diego , Dave Anjali , Coria Rodolfo A. , Curry Rogers Kristina A.
Published: March 2023

In amniotes, the predominant developmental strategy underlying body size evolution is thought to be adjustments to the rate of growth rather than its duration. However, most theoretical and experimental studies supporting this axiom focus on pairwise comparisons and/or lack an explicit phylogenetic framework. We present the first large-scale phylogenetic comparative analysis examining developmental strategies underlying the evolution of body size, focusing on non-avialan theropod dinosaurs. We reconstruct ancestral states of growth rate and body mass in a taxonomically rich dataset, finding that contrary to expectations, changes in the rate and duration of growth played nearly equal roles in the evolution of the vast body size disparity present in non-avialan theropods—and perhaps that of amniotes in general.
A population of stem cells with strong regenerative potential discovered in deer antlers
Authors: Qin Tao , Zhang Guokun , Zheng Yi , Li Shengyou , Yuan Yuan , Li Qingjie , Hu Mingliang , Si Huazhe , Wei Guanning , Gao Xueli , Cui Xinxin , Xia Bing , Ren Jing , Wang Kun , Ba Hengxing , Liu Zhen , Heller Rasmus , Li Zhipeng , Wang Wen , Huang Jinghui , Li Chunyi , Qiu Qiang
Published: March 2023

The annual regrowth of deer antlers provides a valuable model for studying organ regeneration in mammals. We describe a single-cell atlas of antler regrowth. The earliest-stage antler initiators were mesenchymal cells that express the paired related homeobox 1 gene (
PRRX1
+
mesenchymal cells). We also identified a population of “antler blastema progenitor cells” (ABPCs) that developed from the
PRRX1
+
mesenchymal cells and directed the antler regeneration process. Cross-species comparisons identified ABPCs in several mammalian blastema. In vivo and in vitro ABPCs displayed strong self-renewal ability and could generate osteochondral lineage cells. Last, we observed a spatially well-structured pattern of cellular and gene expression in antler growth center during the peak growth stage, revealing the cellular mechanisms involved in rapid antler elongation.
Analyzing asteroid Ryugu
Authors: Herd Christopher D. K.
Published: March 2023

Samples returned by the Hayabusa2 mission provide context for the world’s meteorites
Microbe-mediated intestinal NOD2 stimulation improves linear growth of undernourished infant mice
Authors: Schwarzer Martin , Gautam Umesh Kumar , Makki Kassem , Lambert Anne , Brabec Tomáš , Joly Amélie , Šrůtková Dagmar , Poinsot Pierre , Novotná Tereza , Geoffroy Stéphanie , Courtin Pascal , Hermanová Petra Petr , Matos Renata C. , Landry Jonathan J. M. , Gérard Céline , Bulteau Anne-Laure , Hudcovic Tomáš , Kozáková Hana , Filipp Dominik , Chapot-Chartier Marie-Pierre , Šinkora Marek , Peretti Noël , Boneca Ivo Gomperts , Chamaillard Mathias , Vidal Hubert , De Vadder Filipe , Leulier François
Published: March 2023

The intestinal microbiota is known to influence postnatal growth. We previously found that a strain of
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
(strain Lp
WJL
) buffers the adverse effects of chronic undernutrition on the growth of juvenile germ-free mice. Here, we report that Lp
WJL
sustains the postnatal growth of malnourished conventional animals and supports both insulin-like growth factor–1 (IGF-1) and insulin production and activity. We have identified cell walls isolated from Lp
WJL
, as well as muramyl dipeptide and mifamurtide, as sufficient cues to stimulate animal growth despite undernutrition. Further, we found that NOD2 is necessary in intestinal epithelial cells for Lp
WJL
-mediated IGF-1 production and for postnatal growth promotion in malnourished conventional animals. These findings indicate that, coupled with renutrition, bacteria cell walls or purified NOD2 ligands have the potential to alleviate stunting.
MRI for all
Authors: Cho Adrian
Published: March 2023

Portable low-field scanners could revolutionize medical imaging in nations rich and poor—if doctors embrace them
Canada bars funding for ‘risky’ foreign alliances
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

China is seen as main target in expanded reviews of projects with certain foreign entities
Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor signaling restores skeletal muscle stem cell regeneration in rats with muscular dystrophy
Authors: Taglietti Valentina , Kefi Kaouthar , Rivera Lea , Bergiers Oriane , Cardone Nastasia , Coulpier Fanny , Gioftsidi Stamatia , Drayton-Libotte Bernadette , Hou Cyrielle , Authier François-Jérôme , Pietri-Rouxel France , Robert Matthieu , Bremond-Gignac Dominique , Bruno Claudio , Fiorillo Chiara , Malfatti Edoardo , Lafuste Peggy , Tiret Laurent , Relaix Frédéric
Published: March 2023

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe and progressive myopathy leading to motor and cardiorespiratory impairment. We analyzed samples from patients with DMD and a preclinical rat model of severe DMD and determined that compromised repair capacity of muscle stem cells in DMD is associated with early and progressive muscle stem cell senescence. We also found that extraocular muscles (EOMs), which are spared by the disease in patients, contain muscle stem cells with long-lasting regenerative potential. Using single-cell transcriptomics analysis of muscles from a rat model of DMD, we identified the gene encoding thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (
Tshr
) as highly expressed in EOM stem cells. Further, TSHR activity was involved in preventing senescence. Forskolin, which activates signaling downstream of TSHR, was found to reduce senescence of skeletal muscle stem cells, increase stem cell regenerative potential, and promote myogenesis, thereby improving muscle function in DMD rats. These findings indicate that stimulation of adenylyl cyclase leads to muscle repair in DMD, potentially providing a therapeutic approach for patients with the disease.
NFκB and Cyclic AMP Response Element Sites Mediate the Valproic Acid and UL138 Responsiveness of the Human Cytomegalovirus Major Immediate Early Enhancer and Promoter
Authors: Albright Emily R. , Walter Ryan M. , Saffert Ryan T. , Kalejta Robert F.
Published: March 2023

Artificial regulation of the HCMV MIEP, either activation or repression, is an attractive potential means to target the latent reservoirs of virus for which there is currently no available intervention. The MIEP could be repressed to prevent latency reactivation or induced to drive the virus into the lytic stage that is visible to the immune system and inhibited by multiple small-molecule antiviral drugs.
African Swine Fever Virus Cysteine Protease pS273R Inhibits Type I Interferon Signaling by Mediating STAT2 Degradation
Authors: Li Yu-Hui , Peng Jiang-Ling , Xu Zhi-Sheng , Xiong Mei-Guang , Wu Huang-Ning , Wang Su-Yun , Li Dan , Zhu Guo-Qiang , Ran Yong , Wang Yan-Yi
Published: March 2023

ASF is an acute disease in domestic pigs caused by infection with ASFV. ASF has become a global threat with devastating economic and ecological consequences.
Amplicons, Metagenomes, and Metatranscriptomes from Sediment and Water
Authors: Newman Madison R. , Sanchez Darlenys , Acosta Anna M. , Connors Bernadette J.
Published: March 2023

High fecal indicator bacterium (FIB) counts in water have been found to correlate with high sediment FIB counts. To determine the other bacterial populations in common between the two substrates, sediment and water samples from suburban waters known to be impacted by stormwater runoff were examined using next-generation sequencing.
Development of a Novel Chikungunya Virus-Like Replicon Particle for Rapid Quantification and Screening of Neutralizing Antibodies and Antivirals
Authors: Lin Hui-Chung , Chiao Der-Jiang , Shu Pei-Yun , Lin Hui-Tsu , Hsiung Chia-Chu , Lin Chang-Chi , Kuo Szu-Cheng
Published: March 2023

This study proposes a transfection-free system that enables the safe packaging of CHIK VRPs with all necessary components via baculovirus transduction. Those mosquito cell-derived CHIK VRP (mos-CHIK VRPs) were shown to recapitulate viral replication and subgenomic dual reporter (enhanced green fluorescent protein [eGFP] and luciferase) expression in infected host cells.
Large detrital zircon data set investigation and provenance mapping: Local versus regional and continental sediment sources before, during, and after Ancestral Rocky Mountain deformation
Authors: Smith Tyson M. , Saylor Joel E. , Lapen Tom J. , Leary Ryan J. , Sundell Kurt E.
Published: March 2023

The increasing number and size of detrital geochronology data sets offer new opportunities for increased accuracy and resolution of sediment routing models. However, the new opportunities come coupled with challenges in large data integration and visualization. We address these challenges by outlining two novel approaches that aid in analyzing and interpreting large detrital geochronology data sets: (1) combination of bottom-up and top-down detrital zircon source modeling, and (2) sediment provenance mapping. Combining source-modeling methods provides guidance in identifying empirical detrital zircon sources and determining source proportions. Provenance mapping integrates source proportions from modeling results and complimentary geologic data (e.g., paleocurrents, paleogeography, and stratal thickness maps) to extrapolate provenance information through areas with sparse or ambiguous data, thus mitigating issues of data distribution heterogeneity. Sediment provenance maps also provide a synoptic view of data that, along with detrital zircon source modeling, aids in circumventing lengthy descriptions of individual age modes for data sets containing hundreds of samples, which can obscure underlying trends in the data.

We apply this approach to late Paleozoic−early Mesozoic strata, using 329 published and new U-Pb detrital zircon samples, and document five sediment-routing episodes in the core zone of intraplate deformation in western Laurentia (i.e., the Ancestral Rocky Mountains (ARM)). The transitions between these episodes are defined by changes in sediment source distribution, which are illustrated by provenance maps that show (1) the degree and extent of ARM basin isolation from transcontinental sediment sources and (2) ARM-driven changes in transcontinental sediment routing systems. We map possible sediment pathways of distally derived sediment around the ARM core, illustrating that ARM uplifts diverted transcontinental systems around areas of intense intraplate deformation. Further, the evolution of sediment routing in western Laurentia before, during, and after ARM deformation provides an example of the interaction between transcontinental sediment routing and intraplate deformation.
Formal Valence, Charge Distribution, and Chemical Bond in a Compound with a High Oxidation State: KMnO4
Authors: Anisimov V. I. , Oganov A. R. , Mazannikova M. A. , Novoselov D. Y. , Korotin Dm. M.
Published: March 2023

KMnO4 has unusual formal manganese oxidation state Mn+7 that seems puzzling: the energy of creating such ion (119 eV) is much greater than the energy of chemical bonds (up to ~10 eV). We have used the Wannier functions formalism to analyze the distribution of Mn-$$3d$$ electrons and O-$$2p$$ electrons for empty electronic states in the $${\text{MnO}}_{4}^{ - }$$ complex and have found that, while formally one has $${{d}^{0}}$$ configuration for manganese ion in this compound, in reality only about one-half of the hole density described by these Wannier functions corresponding to this configuration belongs to d-electrons, while the other half is spread over surrounding oxygen atoms. This corresponds much more to Mn+7 state than to Mn+2, because the calculated total number of d‑electrons is equal to 5.25. Our analysis has also sown nearly perfect covalent type of chemical bond within the $${\text{MnO}}_{4}^{ - }$$ complex with negligible contribution of the ionic part.
Similar body composition, muscle size, and strength adaptations to resistance training in lacto-ovo-vegetarians and non-vegetarians
Authors: Martini Gabriela Lucciana , Pinto Ronei Silveira , Brusco Clarissa Müller , Franceschetto Bianca Fasolo , Oliveira Mateus Leite , Neske Rodrigo , Cadore Fabricio Lusa , Teodoro Juliana Lopes , Wilhelm Eurico Nestor , de Souza Carolina Guerini
Published: March 2023

There is a popular belief that meat consumption is necessary to optimize adaptations to strength training (ST), but evidence to support this hypothesis is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to compare ST adaptations in lacto-ovo-vegetarians (LOV) and non-vegetarians (NV) with adjusted protein intake per meal. Sixty-four LOV and NV performed 12 weeks of ST and were instructed to ingest at least 20 g of protein in each main meal during the experimental period. Quadriceps femoris muscle thickness (QFMT), knee extension one-repetition maximum (1RM), and isometric peak torque (PT), as well as participants’ body composition were assessed before and after the intervention. Dietary intake was assessed throughout the study. After 12 weeks, similar increases in QFMT (LOV: 9.2 ± 5.4; NV: 5.5 ± 8.1 mm), knee extension 1RM (LOV: 24.7 ± 11.1; NV: 21.6 ± 9.8 kg), and PT (LOV: 29.8 ± 33.4; NV: 17.5 ± 19.4 N m) and lean body mass (LOV: 1.3 ± 0.9; NV: 1.4 ± 1.4 kg), alongside a decrease in body fat mass (LOV: −0.5 ± 1.6; NV −0.8 ± 1.6 kg) were observed in both groups at the end of the training period ( p < 0.05). LOV had lower protein consumption than NV throughout the study ( p < 0.05), but participants reached intake of at least 1.2 g of protein/kg/day during the experimental period. In conclusion, LOV and NV displayed similar improvements in muscle mass, strength, and in body composition after 12 weeks of ST, suggesting that meat consumption and higher protein intake in NV did not bring about further benefits to early adaptations to ST. This study was registered in Clinical Trials (NCT03785002) on 24 December 2018.
A Proposed Framework for Student’s Skills-Driven Personalization of Cloud-Based Course Content
Authors: Qaffas Alaa A. , Alharbi Ibraheem , Idrees Amira M. , Kholeif Sherif A.
Published: March 2023

Engaging students’ personalized data in the aspects of education has been on focus by different researchers. This paper considers it vital for exploring the student’s progress, moreover, it could predict the student’s level which consequently leads to identifying the required student material to raise his current education level. Although the topic has been vital before the COVID-19 pandemic, however, the importance of the topic has increased exponentially ever since. The research supports the decision-makers in educational institutions as considering personalized data for the student’s educational tasks and activities proved the positive impact of raising the student level. The paper proposes a framework that considers the students’ personal data in predicting their learning skills as well as their educational level. The research included engaging five well-known clustering algorithms, one of the most successful classification algorithms, and a set of 10 features selection techniques. The research applied two main experiment phases, the first phase focused on predicting the students’ learning skills, and the second focused on predicting the students’ level. Two datasets are involved in the experiments and their sources are mentioned. The research revealed the success of the clustering and prediction tasks by applying the selected techniques to the datasets. The research concluded that the highest clustering algorithm accuracy is enhanced k-means (EKM) and the highest contributing features selection method is the evolutionary computation method.
Abstracting Instance Information and Inter-Label Relations for Sparse Multi-Label Classification
Authors: Lian Si-Ming , Liu Jian-Wei
Published: March 2023

In this paper, for sparse multi-label data, based on inter-instance relations and inter-label correlation, a Sparse Multi-Label Kernel Gaussian Neural Network (SMLKGNN) framework is proposed. Double insurance for the sparse multi-label datasets is constructed with bidirectional relations such as inter-instance and inter-label. When instance features or label sets are too sparse to be extracted effectively, we argument that the inter-instance relations and inter-label correlation can supplement and deduce the relevant information. Meanwhile, to enhance the explainable of neural network, Gaussian process is adopted to simulate the real underlying distribution of multi-label dataset. Besides, this paper also considers that contributions of different features have different effects on the experimental results, thus self-attention is leveraged to balance various features. Finally, the applicability of the algorithm is verified in three sparse datasets, and the generalization performance is also validated in three groups of benchmark datasets.
照顧者咖啡室 — 非正規化專業介入的實踐經驗
Authors: 馮 家宜 , 陳 永新 , 陳 翠琼 , 廖 珮珊
Published: March 2023

源起於一個卑微的心願 — 讓身心俱疲的照顧者享有空閑時間，我們創立了「照顧者咖啡室」，希望藉此為照顧者爭取屬於她們的休息時間和空間，亦把照顧者議題推動到另一層次。「照顧者咖啡室」為無酬的照顧者提供一個喘息空間，讓她們放下日常照顧責任，藉著融合了婦女義工的手沖的咖啡、花茶和手工鬆餅，營造出友善的氛圍，讓照顧者從中放鬆身心、聊天，從而了解更多社會服務資訊，甚至連繫相關資源（香港婦女中心協會 2019: 7）。
Review of 1 The Discrete Mathematical Charms of Paul Erdos A Simple Introduction by Vasek Chvatal
Authors: Ross Peter
Published: March 2023

Paul Erdos (1913-1996) was an essential singularity in the world of twentieth-century mathematicians. The author Vasek Chv´atal, who met Erdos as a young undergraduate in the mid '60s, co-wrote three papers with him and maintained a special friendship for the rest of Erdos' life. Donald Knuth wrote, Vasek Chv´atal was born to write this one-of-a-kind book. Readers cannot help be captivated by the evident love with which every page has been written. The human side of mathematics is intertwined beautifully with first-rate exposition of first-rate results."
Review of Programming for the Puzzled
Authors: Nagaraj S. V.
Published: March 2023

This book is about learning to program while solving puzzles. The motivation for the author to use this approach is to gain better attention from students, many of whom do not like to program just for the sake of programming. As mentioned in the informative preface, this book reflects the author's "attempt at teaching programming by building a bridge between the recreational world of algorithmic puzzles and the pragmatic world of computer programming," because the same analytical skills required for puzzle solving are also needed for "translating specifications into programming constructs, as well as discovering errors in early versions of code, called the debugging process."
SIGACT News Online Algorithms Column 40
Authors: Amouzandeh Aflatoun , Schmitt Soren , van Stee Rob
Published: March 2023

In this column, we will discuss some papers in online algorithms that appeared in 2022. As usual, we make no claim at complete coverage here, and have instead made a selection. If we have unaccountably missed your favorite paper and you would like to write about it or about any other topic in online algorithms, please don't hesitate to contact us!
Salt-Tolerant Crops: Time to Deliver
Authors: Melino Vanessa , Tester Mark
Published: March 2023

Despite the numerous advances made in our understanding of the physiology and molecular genetics of salinity tolerance, there have been relatively few applications of these to improve the salt tolerance of crops. The most significant advances have historically utilized intraspecific variation, introgression of traits from close crop wild relatives, or, less frequently, introgression from more distant relatives. Advanced lines often fail due to difficulties in the introgression or tracking of traits or due to yield penalties associated with the alleles in nonsaline environments. However, the greatest limitation is that salinity is not a primary trait for breeders. We must close the gap between research and delivery, especially for farmers who have precious few alternatives. These efforts should include a reassessment of old techniques such as grafting current crops with salt-tolerant hybrid rootstocks. Alternatively, future crops can be produced via domestication of salt-tolerant wild species—an approach that is now feasible in our lifetime.
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Plant Growth and Stress Adaptation: From Genes to Ecosystems
Authors: Shi Jincai , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Ertao
Published: March 2023

Plant roots associate with diverse microbes (including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses) collectively called the root-associated microbiome. Among them, mycorrhizal fungi colonize host roots and improve their access to nutrients, usually phosphorus and nitrogen. In exchange, plants deliver photosynthetic carbon to the colonizing fungi. This nutrient exchange affects key soil processes, the carbon cycle, and plant health and therefore has a strong influence on the plant and microbe ecosystems. The framework of nutrient exchange and regulation between host plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has recently been established. The local and systemic regulation of mycorrhizal symbiosis by plant nutrient status and the autoregulation of mycorrhizae are strategies by which plants maintain a stabilizing free-market symbiosis. A better understanding of the synergistic effects between mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizosphere microorganisms is an essential precondition for their use as biofertilizers and bioprotectors for sustainable agriculture and forestry management.
Plant Small RNAs: Their Biogenesis, Regulatory Roles, and Functions
Authors: Zhan Junpeng , Meyers Blake C.
Published: March 2023

Plant cells accumulate small RNA molecules that regulate plant development, genome stability, and environmental responses. These small RNAs fall into three major classes based on their function and mechanisms of biogenesis—microRNAs, heterochromatic small interfering RNAs, and secondary small interfering RNAs—plus several other less well-characterized categories. Biogenesis of each small RNA class requires a pathway of factors, some specific to each pathway and others involved in multiple pathways. Diverse sequenced plant genomes, along with rapid developments in sequencing, imaging, and genetic transformation techniques, have enabled significant progress in understanding the biogenesis, functions, and evolution of plant small RNAs, including those that had been poorly characterized because they were absent or had low representation in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we review recent findings about plant small RNAs and discuss our current understanding of their biogenesis mechanisms, targets, modes of action, mobility, and functions in Arabidopsis and other plant species, including economically important crops.
Phyllosphere Microbiome
Authors: Sohrabi Reza , Paasch Bradley C. , Liber Julian A. , He Sheng Yang
Published: March 2023

The aboveground parts of terrestrial plants are colonized by a variety of microbes that collectively constitute the phyllosphere microbiota. Decades of pioneering work using individual phyllosphere microbes, including commensals and pathogens, have provided foundational knowledge about how individual microbes adapt to the phyllosphere environment and their role in providing biological control against pathogens. Recent studies have revealed a more complete repertoire of phyllosphere microbiota across plant taxa and how plants respond to and regulate the level and composition of phyllosphere microbiota. Importantly, the development of several gnotobiotic systems is allowing causative and mechanistic studies to determine the contributions of microbiota to phyllosphere health and productivity. New insights into how the phyllosphere carries out key biological processes, including photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, reproduction, and defense against biotic and abiotic insults, in either the presence or absence of a normal microbiota could unleash novel plant- and microbiota-based technologies to improve agriculturally relevant traits of crop plants.
Gross Hematuria following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
Authors: Sattari Maryam , Mckinnis Jourdan , Kazory Amir
Published: March 2023

In the setting of the rapid development of currently available vaccines for coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), little is known about their less frequent potential side effects. Raising the awareness of clinicians and front-line healthcare workers about the less well-known potential side effects of vaccination is important. We describe the self-limited occurrence of gross hematuria in two elderly men on a combination of aspirin and another antiplatelet or anticoagulant following their second dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccination. While the bleeding seems to be self-limited, the long-term course currently remains elusive.
Prevalence and Genotype of Trichomonas vaginalis among Men in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
Authors: Zhang Zhenchao , Sang Yuhui , Wu Pucheng , Shang Yujia , Li Lesong , Duan Yujuan , Zhao Linfei , Gao Minghui , Guo Lihua , Tian Xiaowei , Yang Zhenke , Wang Shuai , Hao Lixia , Mei Xuefang
Published: March 2023

Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) could cause trichomoniasis through sexual transmission, which was globally distributed. In this study, the prevalence and phylogenetic analyses of T. vaginalis among men in Xinxiang were conducted. From October 2018 to December 2019, a total of 634 male clinical samples were collected, including 254 samples of semen, 43 samples of prostate fluid, and 337 samples of urine. These samples were examined by nested PCR and a total of 32 (5.05%) T. vaginalis-positive samples were detected. Among these samples, the positive rates of T. vaginalis in semen, prostate fluid, and urine were 7.87% (20/254), 4.65% (2/43), and 2.97% (10/337), respectively. Three actin genes were successfully isolated and sequenced from the 32 positive DNA samples, and the analysis of the sequence and phylogenetic tree showed that the three actin gene sequences exhibited 99.7%–100% homology to the published actin gene sequence (EU076580) in NCBI, and the T. vaginalis strains in the three positive samples were identified as genotype E. Our results demonstrate a notable genotype of T. vaginalis in the male population and provide insight into the performance of these genetic markers in the molecular epidemiology of trichomoniasis. However, further studies are needed to research the association between the genotype and the pathogenicity of T. vaginalis.
HMFT: Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion Super‐Resolution Method Based on Efficient Transformer and Spatial‐Spectral Attention Mechanism
Authors: Qiao Baojun , Xu Binghui , Xie Yi , Lin Yinghao , Liu Yang , Zuo Xianyu
Published: March 2023

Due to the imaging mechanism of hyperspectral images, the spatial resolution of the resulting images is low. An effective method to solve this problem is to fuse the low‐resolution hyperspectral image (LR‐HSI) with the high‐resolution multispectral image (HR‐MSI) to generate the high‐resolution hyperspectral image (HR‐HSI). Currently, the state‐of‐the‐art fusion approach is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), and few have attempted to use Transformer, which shows impressive performance on advanced vision tasks. In this paper, a simple and efficient hybrid architecture network based on Transformer is proposed to solve the hyperspectral image fusion super‐resolution problem. We use the clever combination of convolution and Transformer as the backbone network to fully extract spatial‐spectral information by taking advantage of the local and global concerns of both. In order to pay more attention to the information features such as high‐frequency information conducive to HR‐HSI reconstruction and explore the correlation between spectra, the convolutional attention mechanism is used to further refine the extracted features in spatial and spectral dimensions, respectively. In addition, considering that the resolution of HSI is usually large, we use the feature split module (FSM) to replace the self‐attention computation method of the native Transformer to reduce the computational complexity and storage scale of the model and greatly improve the efficiency of model training. Many experiments show that the proposed network architecture achieves the best qualitative and quantitative performance compared with the latest HSI super‐resolution methods.
Impact of N,N
′
-Methylene-bis-Morpholine on the Preservation of Natural Rubber Latex
Authors: Zhao Liguang , Fan Ruishen , Li Peng , Ding Li , Song Yazhong , Li Jianwei , Wang Yuekun , Dai Tuo , Deng Dayu , Gui Hongxing
Published: March 2023

Natural rubber latex (NRL) preserved by high ammonia (HA) presents substantial pollution issues despite its good all-around properties. Cleaning preservation of NRL is critical in the modern rubber industry. In this study, NRL was preserved using N,N

′

-methylene-bis-morpholine (MBM), and the impact of MBM on the preservation and characteristics of NRL was investigated. The results showed that when the MBM dose was greater than 0.15 wt%, the volatile fatty acid value (VFA No.) and viscosity value of fresh NRL were lower, and it could be stored for longer than 5 days without losing stability. Furthermore, MBM demonstrated a favorable preservation effect on concentrated NRL (CNRL). To be effective, MBM must be administered at a dosage greater than 0.3 wt%. The mechanical stability test (MST) and VFA No. of the low-ammonia (LA)-CNRL prepared by MBM combined with ammonia were somewhat lower, whereas the viscosity value was greater. The research showed that the dose of lauric acid soap needs to be increased to improve the stability of ultra-LA-CNRL made by MBM–ammonia composite preservation. After pre-vulcanization treatment, the stability of LA-CNRL preserved by MBM–ammonia composite was drastically reduced. As the stabilizer dose was increased, the CNRL viscosity value decreased, whereas the MST and heat stability improved. The LA-CNRL vulcanized film has excellent mechanical properties similar to HA-CNRL. Furthermore, the infrared spectrum of the LA-CNRL raw rubber film was similar to that of the HA-CNRL film. The thermal degradation curve and characteristic temperature were also similar to that of the HA film. The study indicates that MBM has an outstanding preservation effect on fresh NRL and LA-CNRL, and the findings constitute a significant step forward in the development of the CNRL sector.
Solving a System of Linear Equations Based on Z-Numbers to Determinate the Market Balance Value
Authors: Motamedi Pour Zeinab , Allahviranloo Tofigh , Afshar Kermani Mozhdeh , Abbasbandy Saeid
Published: March 2023

In this article, a general linear equations system with Z-number’s data is introduced. Since the nature of Z-numbers has two parameters, namely, reliability and fuzziness, it is difficult to find the exact solution to these systems. Therefore, a numerical procedure for calculating the solution is designed. The proposed method is illustrated with some applied examples. Determining the value of the market balance is one of the examined examples.
LncRNA MBNL1-AS1 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Metastasis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma through Targeting Carcinogenic miR-301b-3p
Authors: Sulidankazha Chouman , Alidake  , Lin Hai , He Tieying , Han Wei , Chen Qilong
Published: March 2023

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) has been a huge challenge to public health due to its increasing incidence, frequent early metastasis, and poor outcome. The molecular basis of tumorigenesis and metastasis in PAAD is largely unclear. Here, we identified a novel tumor-suppressor long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MBNL1-AS1, in PAAD and revealed its downstream mechanism. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) data showed that MBNL1-AS1 expression was significantly downregulated in PAAD tissues and cells, which was closely associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay, and western blot verified that overexpression of MBNL1-AS1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) behavior in PAAD cells. By using a dual luciferase reporter gene system, we confirmed that miR-301b-3p was a direct target of MBNL1-AS1. Further mechanismic study revealed that upregulation of miR-301b-3p abolished the inhibitory effect of MBNL1-AS1 overexpression on cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, migration and EMT. Our results demonstrate that MBNL1-AS1 plays a tumor-suppressive role in PAAD mainly by downregulating miR-301b-3p, providing a novel therapeutic target for PAAD.
SECHA: A Smart Energy-Efficient and Cost-Effective Home Automation System for Developing Countries
Authors: Mustofa Abdulhafiz Ahmed , Dagnew Yohannes Alemayehu , Gantela Prabhakar , Idrisi M. Javed
Published: March 2023

Home automation systems are gaining a lot of attraction globally and changing the way we live. They simplify our lives, reduce workloads, improve home safety and security, and pave the way for newer developments. It is no wonder why these systems are in such high demand and why modernization is needed to keep up with consumer needs. Nevertheless, utilizing home automation system technology can be energy-intensive and costly—especially for middle-class families in developing countries. In this article, we discuss SECHA, a smart, energy-efficient, and cost-effective home automation system. It empowers users to automate their homes with IoT regardless of the residence type. SECHA is developed with the goal of being energy-efficient, simple to use, and open-source for everyone’s benefit. SECHA has developed a low-cost smart home automation system that incorporates Wi-Fi and GSM technology, enabling remote monitoring and control of appliances through an Android application. This solution enables users to easily monitor and manage their homes. An automation system has been developed using an ESP32 microcontroller equipped with Wi-Fi and GSM SIM800. This impressive setup is further enhanced by the integration of several sensors that enable monitoring of temperature, humidity, movement, and other aspects at home.
Drive Systems for Landing Gears Numerically Simulated in AMESim Software
Authors: Dinca L. , Corcau J. I. , Vaden C. V.
Published: March 2023

This work presents two versions of landing gear drives numerically simulated. We follow to obtain the right driving sequence of the legs and doors and the estimation of the landing gear deploy and retract time. Although the studies in this paper do not exhaust all the aspects concerning landing gear hydraulic system functioning, these are useful in the design phase of the aircraft hydraulic systems. Regarding the landing gear hydraulic system, we highlight one version of the drive stall phenomenon. When the hydraulic feeding pressure decreases, it is possible that the forces developed by the hydraulic cylinders are enough to retract completely the legs. The landing gear remains in an intermediate position, and the aircraft cannot accomplish its mission safely. For a second version, logic command functions are synthesized using Karnaugh diagrams, and after that, the numerical simulation is accomplished to validate the solution. We used the AMESim software to perform numerical simulations.
Moving Forward Liquid Biopsy in Early Liver Cancer Detection
Authors: Rolfo Christian , Russo Alessandro
Published: March 2023

Early cancer detection is an attractive and promising application for liquid biopsy that might revolutionize cancer screenings. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Foda and colleagues expand the potential utility of a machine learning fragmentome-based model, called DELFI, for detecting liver cancer in high-risk patients.

See related article by Foda et al., p. 616 (5).
Perennial shrubs in Egypt: current status and updated red data list
Authors: SHALTOUT KAMAL , BEDAIR HEBA
Published: March 2023

The present study aims at: 1) Preparing a checklist of the perennial shrubs (of height ≥ 50 cm) in the Egyptian flora; 2) Determining the species that are considered alien; 3) Determining the endemic or near-endemic species; 4) Analysing the checklist in terms of taxonomic diversity, geographical distribution, abundance, rarity forms, goods and services, threats, and physical defense; 5) Evaluating the IUCN Red List Categories of species; and 6) Determining the in situ and ex situ conservation actions taken towards these plants in Egypt. In the present study, 171 taxa belonging to 99 genera and 37 families were recorded. They inhabit ten natural and four anthropogenic habitats. SNN (Small geographic range — narrow habitat — non abundant plants) are the most represented rarity form (132 taxa). Sinai is the most diverse region in terms of shrubs (96 taxa). The North African-Indian Desert chorotype has the highest occurrence of shrubs (130 taxa), followed by the Sudanese Park Steppe (75 taxa). Medicinal plants (126 taxa) were the most offered goods, while sand accumulation (79 taxa) was the most represented service. Over-collecting and over-cutting are the most important threats. Four taxa are evaluated as Extinct, another two are Extinct in the Wild, while 70 taxa are threatened with extinction (15 taxa are Critically Endangered, 35 taxa are Endangered, and 20 taxa are Vulnerable). In addition, some 89 species are being conserved (59 taxa are under in situ conservation in the protected areas, 15 taxa are included in botanic gardens, while 85 taxa are kept in the herbaria as dry specimens, and five taxa in gene banks as seed samples).