bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is There Room for Targeting within Universalism? Finnish Social Assistance Recipients as Social Citizens
Authors: Saikkonen Paula , Ylikännö Minna
Published: March 2020

This article focuses on the role of means-tested social assistance in Finland, which is often considered one of the Nordic welfare states described as having a universal welfare model. The article scrutinises the capacity of the final safety net to enhance the social citizenship of social assistance recipients. The Finnish social security system combines social insurance (earnings-related benefits), universal benefits (flat-rate benefits), free or affordable public services, and social assistance as a means-tested and targeted element, and thus it is a discussion on the degree of universalism that best captures the nature of universalism in the Finnish welfare state. Because the final safety net includes public services (especially social work) and income transfers (especially social assistance), its ability to strengthen social citizenship depends on both elements—separately and as a combination—as there may be a simultaneous need for financial aid and services. Whilst national registers provide data on social assistance, there is no national register data on municipal social services, which is why a survey was conducted. In this study, the heterogenic clients supported by the final safety net were described based on an open-ended question in the survey data. Statistics were then used to evaluate the frequency of client groups (capable clients, persistent clients, invisible clients, safety net dropouts). The article concludes that universalism as a social policy principle is challenged by the diversity of the clientele.
The Calls for Universal Social Protection by International Organizations: Constructing a New Global Consensus
Authors: Leisering Lutz
Published: March 2020

Universalism has become a lead idea of global social politics, and of global social security in particular, first voiced in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and renewed in recent calls for “Social Security for All” and “Universal Health Coverage,” and in the Global Partnership for Universal Social Protection to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals launched by the World Bank and the International Labour Organization in 2016. This article analyses the idea of a universal right to social protection, as recently articulated by international organizations. According to J. W. Meyer’s neo-institutionalist theory of world society (Krücken & Drori, 2009; Meyer, 2007), universalism is a world-cultural norm, and international organizations are proponents of world culture. This article is based on the assumption that the meaning of universalism is not fixed, but that international organizations construct the norm in changing ways to secure worldwide acceptance and applicability, considering that states have very diverse socio-economic conditions and socio-cultural backgrounds. Accordingly, the article analyses how international organizations construct the cultural idea of universalism as well as institutional models of universal social protection. The finding is that the recent calls for universalism represent a new interpretation of universalism that refers to individual entitlements to benefits rather than collective development, and that this global consensus was reached by constructing the norm in a way to leave room for interpretation and adaptation. However, the price of consensus is the attenuation of the norm, by allowing particularistic interpretations and by weakening the content of the right to social protection. The article also seeks to explain the rise of the new global consensus and identify its limitations.
Universalism in Social Policies: A Multidimensional Concept, Policy Idea or Process
Authors: Budowski Monica , Künzler Daniel
Published: March 2020

This issue of Social Inclusion takes the dazzling and fuzzy term ‘universalism’ to scrutiny. The editorial introduces different usages of the term in the academic debate. It first discusses universalism as an idea, then as a process, and finally its dimensions. The articles published in this issue are situated in the debate.
PECULIARITIES OF SPANISH MENU AND ITS TRANSLATION
Authors: Nevynna I. P.
Published: March 2020

Tapas as a part of menu refer to the nonequivalent lexics, which only complicates the translation of such elements, because they belong to exoticisms, words with the cultural shade. In linguistics, the realia of the subject were investigated by: R.Zorivchak, S. Vlakhov S. Florin, V. Vinogradov and others. In Spain this is one of the most popular topics for research. But some linguists and translators generally do not distinguish the term “realia”, for example, A. Popovich, doesn’t mention “realia” in the dictionary of translation analysis” at all.

In order to achieve an adequate translation of the names of national cuisine, transcription and transliteration, calques, descriptive, generalized, and transformational methods of translation are used.

During the study of the translation of the names of the national cuisine of Spain, it was found that it would be more appropriate to translate them in a mixed way, combining transcription, transliteration or translation, and descriptive translation (giving it in the footnote). But the most frequent are transcription, calques together with renomination (a combination of the above-mentioned transcripts with descriptive translation) (tapas-tapas, (transcription); tortilla – тортілья (transliteration); pinchos – пінчос (transcription + it is desirable to give an explanation-footnote at the bottom of the page that is a tapas , but on a spree (typical of northern Spain); pan catalán – каталонський хліб (calque), gazpacho, salmorejo – газпачо, сальморехо (transcription), paella – паелья (transliteration). In the case where there is no equivavalent in the language of the translation: fabada – фаба-да, jamón – хамон, churros – чуррос (traditional Spanish donuts, which Spaniards usually eat on Sundays), boquerones – Spanish version of the Ukrainian capalin fish, we will often encounter calques, transliteration with renomination or simply descriptive translation: chocos – кальмари, which are cut in stripes, not rings (no to confuse with the calamares fritas), and so on.
ASYMETRY OF SPEAKING NAME INTERPRETATION IN TRANSLATION (BASED ON ENGLISH NOVEL SERIES BY T. PRATCHETT AND ITS UKRAINIAN, GERMAN, FRENCH AND RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS)
Authors: Pidhrushna O. H. , Feshchenko V. O.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the problem of speaking proper nouns translation within the framework of a literary work. Speaking proper names, mainly anthroponyms and toponyms, are considered as means of the author’s ideas rendering and possess certain connotative and pragmatic characteristics. Speaking names perform not only a nominative but also an expressive and informative function, thus particular attention is paid to the rendering of the connotative, emotional, pragmatic, and cultural components of each proper noun, as the correct perception of the novel by the readership depends immensely on that. The main translation diﬃculties which translators face during the rendering of speaking proper nouns were determined. Said diﬃculties are related to the diﬀerences in language systems and ethno-cultural backgrounds of the audience as well as to the need to take into account both wide and narrow context of the usage of a speaking name. The most common ways to overcome such diﬃculties were analyzed and the main translation transformations that allow an adequate rendering of the speaking proper noun from the source to the target text were determined. Calque translation and translation transformation of diﬀerentiation are considered to be potentially able to reproduce the hid- den meaning, hints, ironic or humorous component of the original speaking proper name. However, the speaking names interpretations’ asymmetry is observed even in translations into closely-related lan- guages, which corresponds to the hypothesis of linguistic relativity. Thus, it seems an impossible task to wholly reproduce the multi-meanings and polysemy of the images hidden in the speaking name and ensure its identical perception by the average reader of the source and target texts. Principal reasons for speaking names interpretations’ asymmetry in translations of the same text are defined, which are lexical-grammatical, ethno-cultural, contextual-pragmatic, and personal-subjective.
X-RAY MICROBEAM AS ONE OF THE MOST MODERN ARTICULATORY METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
Authors: Titiaieva Y. V.
Published: March 2020

The article substantiates the necessity of phonetic, in particular articulation, researches. The role of articulatory research in the study of the nature of sound units and their significance for linguistics and practical use are determined. The preconditions for studying the sound system of the language with the help of experimental techniques are specified. The history of occurrence and development of experi- mental phonetic researches in Ukraine and in the world is analyzed. The main methods of articulation research, including types of X-ray examination as one of the most important articulatory techniques, are considered. There are brought to the light the history and procedure of film-roentgenography with its implementation in Ukrainian linguistics. A number of tasks performed by experimental phonetics, as well as the possibility of applying its results in diﬀerent fields of knowledge are outlined.

The article is focused on X-ray microbeam – one of the most contemporary types of X-ray re- search, which was created by the Japanese scientist Osama Fujimura in the second half of the last century. The history of creating the device for such studies is traced, the procedure of collecting articu- lation information (preparation for recording, the placement of tracking beads, type of the articulated material and tasks set forth) is described. The main advantages of X-ray microbeam in comparison with other methods are determined: it gives information about all the sounds of human speech, does not distort the pronunciation, causes minimal harm to health, allows studying large masses of information quickly and automatically.

At the and, the conclusion about the feasibility of usage X-ray microbeam in experimental phonet- ics is made. It is confired the significance of such a method, which lies in the interdisciplinary type of research, the generation of new knowledge in the field of phonetics and the addition of existing infor- mation with the help of the latest technologies.
Targeted High-Resolution Structure from Motion Observations over the Mw 6.4 and 7.1 Ruptures of the Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Donnellan Andrea , Lyzenga Gregory , Ansar Adnan , Goulet Christine , Wang Jun , Pierce Marlon
Published: March 2020

We carried out six targeted structure from motion surveys using small uninhabited aerial systems over the Mw 6.4 and 7.1 ruptures of the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in the first three months after the events. The surveys cover approximately 500 × 500 m areas just south of Highway 178 with an average ground sample distance of 1.5 cm. The first survey took place five days after the Mw 6.4 foreshock on 9 July 2019. The final survey took place on 27 September 2019. The time between surveys increased over time, with the first five surveys taking place in the first month after the earthquake. Comparison of imagery from before and after the Mw 7.1 earthquake shows variation in slip on the main rupture and a small amount of distributed slip across the scene. Cracks can be observed and mapped in the high-resolution imagery, which show en echelon cracking, fault splays, and a northeast-striking conjugate fault at the Mw 7.1 rupture south of Highway 178 and near the dirt road. Initial postseismic results show little fault afterslip, but possible subsidence in the first 7–10 days after the earthquake, followed by uplift.
Seismological Observatory Software: 30 Yr of SEISAN
Authors: Havskov Jens , Voss Peter H. , Ottemöller Lars
Published: March 2020

The SEISAN software package for processing of earthquake data has been in use for 30 yr. SEISAN is a collection of programs that help to carry out tasks from the basic processing at a seismological observatory to more advanced seismological research. During its history, the software has been adopted to different hardware and operating systems. However, the core of the software with a folder- and files-based database and event-based processing has remained stable. The main focus in the design and development of the software has been the efficiency in data processing for the user. The software comes with manual, tutorial, and training exercises. This together with regular training activities has made SEISAN a useful tool for many observatories around the world.
In Vitro Regeneration Potential of Lotus maritimus L. (Leguminosae)
Authors: GÖKÇE Pelin , AVCI Süleyman
Published: March 2020

To investigate the regeneration potential of Lotus maritimus L., the stem, hypocotyl, cotyledon, root, and epicotyl were cultured in MS media containing different combinations of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) concentrations (1, 2, and 4 mg L-1) and cytokinin types [0 (control), 1 mg L-1 of 6-Benzilaminopurin (BAP), and 0.5 mg L-1 of kinetin]. The highest callus induction was achieved with the stem and epicotyl explants at 1 or 2 mg L-1 concentrations of NAA plus 0.5 mg L-1 of kinetin. The best plant regeneration values (3.56 and 3.20 shoots per callus) were determined with the epicotyl and hypocotyl cultured in MS media containing 1 mg L-1 of NAA. The obtained shoots were easily rooted in half-strength MS media containing 1 mg L-1 NAA and substantially adapted to the external environment.
Akdeniz ve Güney Doğu Anadolu Bölgelerinde Bağ Alanlarında Zararlı Olan Lepidoptera Türleri
Authors: SATAR Gül , ASLAN Mahmut Murat , KOZANOĞLU Alper , USANMAZ Hakan
Published: March 2020

Bağ yetiştiriciliğinde üretimi sınırlandıran en önemli etmenlerin başında salkımlarda zarar yapan zararlılar gelmektedir. Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Akdeniz ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgelerinde salkımlarda zarar yapan en önemli tür olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmayla Akdeniz ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgelerinde salkımlardaki zararlı diğer Lepidoptera türleri saptanmıştır. Yapılan örneklemelerde L. botrana, Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere) ve Cadra figulilella (Gregson) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) türleri tespit edilmiştir. Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde L. botrana ve C. gnidiella, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde ise L. botrana ve C. figulilella türlerine rastlanmıştır. L. botrana bölgede en yaygın tür olup C. gnidiella turunçgil üretim alanlarına yakın bahçelerde, C. figulilella ise daha çok yere dökülmüş veya sık salkımlara sahip çeşitlerin bulunduğu bağ alanlarında saptanmıştır.
The Interaction of The Physical Environment Conditions With Local People: The Case of The Region Ahir Mountain of Kahramanmaraş
Authors: HATİPOGLU Ibrahim H , KISAKÜREK Şule
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the ways of people of Kahramanmaraş Ahir Dağı, benefiting from the natural environment and the effects of physical environmental conditions on these forms of utilization. The way of local population benefited from the natural environment has analyzed by means of questionnaires and the obtained data were evaluated by SPSS. Then, the obtained data was analyzed by using the variance analysis by associating with the elevation and land cover. The data obtained from the analysis were interpreted to the basis for nature conservation studies. As a result; physical environment conditions in mountainous areas affected by the recreational attractiveness of the local people with their income status, educational status, variety of livelihoods, their perspective on life, the variety and degree of environmental pressures and the degree of environmental pressures. Based on the results obtained, it has been proposed to increase the education level of the local people, to provide education to increase environmental awareness and awareness, to support alternative livelihoods and to increase pasture areas.
Keçiboynuzunda (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Tohum Ekimi ve Çöğür Dikimi Yolu ile Sulanmayan Koşullarda Bahçe Tesisi Olanakları
Authors: BALKIÇ Recep , GÜLER Sadettin , GÜBBÜK Hamide
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada tohum ekimi ve çöğür dikimlerinin farklı zamanlarda yapılmasının çöğür yaşama oranı ve gelişimine etkisinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, tohum ekimi ve çöğür dikimleri kasım, aralık ve ocak olmak üzere 3 farklı ay olarak planlanmıştır. Tohumlara ekimden önce kontrol dışında iki farklı ön işlem (30 dk asit ve 30 dk asit + 1 gün suda bekletme) uygulanmıştır. Tohumla ilgili çalışmada, çimlenme oranı, süresi ve enerjisi uygulama ve aylara göre saptanmıştır. Daha sonraki aşamada, ekim ve dikim yolu ile elde edilen çöğürlerde yaşama oranı belirlenmiştir. Yaşayan çöğürlerde 2 yıl süresince 3 ay aralıklarla çöğür çap ve boy ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Tohumla ilgili olarak yürütülen çalışmalarda çimlenme oranı, çimlenme enerjisi ve çimlenme süresi açısından en uygun ay ocak olarak belirlenmiştir. Çimlenme oranı, çimlenme enerjisi ve süresi bakımından her iki ön işlem uygulaması kontrole göre daha başarılı sonuç vermiştir. En yüksek yaşama oranı %56.67 ile ocak ayında 30 dk. asit uygulamasından gelişen çöğürlerde ve en düşük yaşama oranı ise %6.67 ile kasım ayının kontrol uygulamasından gelişen çöğürlerde kaydedilmiştir. Dikim yolu ile elde edilen çöğürlerde en yüksek yaşama oranı %93.64 ile ocak ayında dikilen çöğürlerde saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, tohum ekimi ve çöğür dikimi için en uygun zaman ocak ayı olduğunu ve tohumlara ekimden önce mutlaka ön işlem uygulamasının gerekli olduğu göstermiştir.
Kivi (Actinidia deliciosa L.)’de Ozon Gazı Uygulamasının Hasat Sonrası Kalite Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: YAŞAR Kübra , KASIM Mehmet , KASIM Rezzan
Published: March 2020

Bu araştırmada ozon gazının kivi muhafazası sırasında kalite kayıplarını geciktirmedeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla depolama öncesi, kivi meyvelerine 0.3±0.02 μL L-1 dozundaki ozon gazı dört farklı sürede (6, 12, 24, 48 saat) uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonrası kiviler 1±1°C sıcaklık ve %80-85 oransal nem koşullarında 6 ay depolanmıştır. Kivi meyvelerinde depolama süresince aylık aralıklarla; ağırlık kaybı, suda çözünür toplam kuru madde (SÇKM), meyve eti sertliği, meyve kabuk rengi (L* a* b*), fruktoz, glikoz, sakkaroz, toplam şeker, tat puanlaması, titre edilebilir asit miktarı, elektrolit sızıntısı ve toplam klorofil miktarı analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 12 saatlik ozon gazı uygulaması; meyve eti sertliği, ağırlık kaybı, titre edilebilir asit miktarı ve SÇKM miktarı bakımından en iyi uygulama olmuştur. Ancak bu uygulama elektrolit sızıntısının artmasına neden olmuştur. Ozon gazı renk üzerinde olumlu ya da olumsuz bir etki oluşturmamıştır. Ozon uygulanan kivi meyvelerinde kontrole göre sakarozun daha yavaş parçalanması nedeniyle ozon uygulamalarının olgunlaşmayı geciktirici etkisinin olduğu söylenebilmektedir.
Virus Corona (2019-nCoV) penyebab COVID-19
Authors: Parwanto MLE
Published: March 2020

Wuhan, ibu kota Provinsi Hubei di China tengah, adalah provinsi ketujuh terbesar di negara itu dengan populasi 11 juta orang. Pada awal Desember 2019 seorang pasien didiagnosis menderita pneumonia yang tidak biasa. Pada 31 Desember, kantor regional Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) di Beijing telah menerima pemberitahuan tentang sekelompok pasien dengan pneumonia yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya dari kota yang sama.(1)
ECG signals filtering and analysis using the Compact Genetic Algorithm Based on Abstract Data Types in GPU/CUDA
Authors: Maciel 1 A. , Vieira 2 R. V.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the process of adaptive filtering of cardiovascular disease signals from the processing and cleaning of ECG signals developed by the Compact Genetic Algorithm Based on Abstract Data Types (CGAADT), implemented in MATLAB using GPU/CUDA architecture from the examples of the base of MIT-BIH data. The results show that CGAADT can improve the filtering, cleaning, detection and diagnosis of arrhythmias using a single algorithm (CGAADT) in the adoption of a representation for the population with fixed size of chromosomes, pre-established by fragmentation of the GPU base when implemented in high performance systems, aiming to improve the health systems offered to patients with cardiovascular problems.
Combining social network analysis and agent-based modelling to explore dynamics of human interaction: A review
Authors: Will Meike , Groeneveld Jürgen , Frank Karin , Müller Birgit
Published: March 2020

Agent-based modelling (ABM) and social network analysis (SNA) are both valuable tools for exploring the impact of human interactions on a broad range of social and ecological patterns. Integrating these approaches offers unique opportunities to gain insights into human behaviour that neither the evaluation of social networks nor agent-based models alone can provide. There are many intriguing examples that demonstrate this potential, for instance in epidemiology, marketing or social dynamics. Based on an extensive literature review, we provide an overview on coupling ABM with SNA and evaluating the integrated approach. Building on this, we identify current shortcomings in the combination of the two methods. The greatest room for improvement is found with regard to (i) the consideration of the concept of social integration through networks, (ii) an increased use of the co-evolutionary character of social networks and embedded agents, and (iii) a systematic and quantitative model analysis focusing on the causal relationship between the agents and the network. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of a comprehensive and clearly structured model conceptualization and documentation. We synthesize our findings in guidelines that contain the main aspects to consider when integrating social networks into agent-based models.
Rough Approximation Operators in a Topological Ring
Authors: OĞUZ Gülay
Published: March 2020

The goal of this article is to examine
the concept of topological ring from the perspective of the rough set theory
and to introduce the  approximation
operators in a topological ring with respect to its ideal. Moreover, the
definitions of lower topological rough subring and upper topological rough
subring are presented. After that, the notion of topological rough ring is
described and some related properties are studied.
Effects of Loganic Acid isolated from Vinca soneri on Surface Hydrophobicity and Auto-Aggregation of Probiotic Bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Authors: ÇELEBİ Busenur , TAŞ Recep , AKŞİT Hüseyin , CELEBİOGLU Hasan Ufuk
Published: March 2020

Loganic acid is an ridoid glycoside
found in various plants, having anti-inflammatory activities. In the present
study, loganic acid was isolated from Vinca soneri, used in folk medicine due to laxative,
diuretic and antipyretic effects. Probiotics, a group of functional foods, are
microorganisms that have positive effects on human health when taken into the
body in the required amounts. The most studied and known probiotics are Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. These bacteria
are used as “starters” in various foods or for different formulations, as well
as food supplements. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of loganic acid on Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Surface
hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation are important functions for a probiotic
bacterium and the results indicated that loganic acid can modulate the
probiotic functions, thus there is a potential for beneficial health benefits
of combinations of loganic acid and probiotic strains.
Benzoksazolon Türevi Şalkon Bileşiklerinin Sentezi ve Biyoaktivitelerinin Araştırılması
Authors: BİLGİNER Sinan
Published: March 2020

Bu
çalışmada, genel kimyasal yapısı 6-(3-Aril-2-propen-1-oil)-2(3H)-benzoksazolon olan ve aril kısmı
benzen, furan veya tiyofen olarak tasarlanan üç adet bileşik başarıyla
sentezlenmiş ve yapıları 1H NMR, 13C NMR ve HRMS
spektrumları ile aydınlatılmıştır. Bileşik 2,
6-[3-(Furan-2-il)-2-propen-1-oil]-2(3H)-benzoksazolon,
sentezi ile ilk kez bu çalışmada rapor edilmiştir. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin
sitotoksik aktiviteleri (bileşik 1 hariç), karbonik anhidraz inhibitör
aktiviteleri (1-3) ve asetilkolin esteraz inhibitör aktiviteleri (1-3) ise ilk
kez bu çalışma ile rapor edilmiştir. Bileşiklerin tümünün AChE enzim inhibitör
aktiviteleri referans bileşikten yüksekken, sitotoksik ve hCA I/II inhibitör
aktiviteleri referans bileşiklerden düşüktür. Yalnızca bileşik 2, referans
bileşik AZA’ya benzer hCA I inhibisyon göstermiştir. Ayrıca, bileşiklerin aril
kısmına fenil halkasının getirilmesinin, tiyofen veya furan halkasına göre,
sitotoksik ve AChE enzim inhibitör aktiviteleri açısından daha faydalı bir
modifikasyon olduğu bu çalışma ile ortaya konulmuştur. Bundan başka,
sentezlenen bileşiklerin yüksek AChE inhibitör aktiviteleri nedeniyle ileriki
çalışmalar için uygun öncü bileşikler oldukları görülmüştür.
Mortality profile of extreme to very preterm infants in an extramural tertiary care neonatal unit of a teaching hospital in Southern India: a retrospective study
Authors: Shanmugam Ramya S. , Karthik Arun , N. Muthukumaran , Kamalarathanam Chinnathambi
Published: March 2020

Background: Neonatal deaths account for 47% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years globally. More than a third of deaths are due to preterm related complications. Understanding the factors contributing to preterm deaths and pattern of mortality is needed to implement interventions that are essential in improving neonatal survival.Methods: This was a retrospective study done in neonatal intensive care unit, Institute of Child Health (ICH) and Hospital for Children, Chennai, a tertiary care regional center. All preterm (<32 weeks) deaths registered in the neonatal medical records from 1st of January 2018 to 31st of December 2018 were analysed. Primary causes of deaths were analysed by two consultants. When there were more than one cause contributing to responsible for death the most significant problem was taken as the cause of death.Results: Overall neonatal mortality was 312 (14.2%) of 2189 neonates. Out of 148 admissions in the study population mortality was 74.2% (26 of 35) for extreme preterm (<28 weeks) infants and 42.7% (48 of 113) for very preterm (28 to 32 weeks) infants. Predominant causes of death were sepsis 44.5% (33), prematurity-related complications 37.8% (28) followed by congenital anomalies 12.1% (9) and miscellaneous causes 2.7% (2). Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) and Intra Ventricular Haemorrhage (IVH) attributed to 75% (21/ 28) of deaths among prematurity-related complications.Conclusions: This study identified sepsis; prematurity related complications were the predominant causes of mortality in the extreme to very preterm population. Understanding the specific causes of preterm mortality would help to implement interventions to promote their survival.
Efektivitas Konseling Sebaya (Peer Counseling) dalam Menuntaskan Masalah Siswa
Authors: Astiti Shofi Puji
Published: March 2020

Abstract Peer counseling is considered important because teenagers are more often toldabout the problems faced by peers compared to parents, as well as teachers inschools. The research aims at (1) knowing the implementation of peer counselingin solving the problem of MAN Yogyakarta II students, (2). Finding out whatfactors impede and support the effectiveness of peer counseling in MANYogyakarta II. The study used a type of field research that focused on the processof implementing peer counseling in resolving student issued using descriptiveanalytical analyses. The results of the research could be concluded that theimplementation of peer counseling in MAN Yogyakarta II used three stages,namely the selection of prospective advisors, questions and answered ofprospective advisors, and arranged the implementation of peer counseling.Abstrak Konseling sebaya dipandang penting karena remaja lebih sering diberitahu masalah yang dihadapi teman sebaya dibandingkan dengan orangtua, maupun guru di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1). Untukmengetahui implementasi konseling sebaya dalam menyelesaikanmasalah siswa MAN Yogyakarta II, (2). Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktorapa yang menghambat dan mendukung efektivitas konseling sebaya diMAN Yogyakarta II. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitianlapangan yang berfokus pada proses penerapan konseling sebaya dalammenyelesaikan masalah siswa dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptifanalitik. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasikonseling sebaya di MAN Yogyakarta II menggunakan tiga tahap, yaitupemilihan calon penasihat, tanya jawab calon penasihat, dan aturpelaksanaan konseling rekan.
P2X7 receptor activity landscape in rat and human glioma cell lines
Authors: Matyśniak Damian , Nowak Natalia , Chumak Vira , Pomorski Paweł
Published: March 2020

P2X7 is a commonly expressed purinergic receptor, which functions as a cation-permeable channel in the plasma membrane. In certain circumstances, the receptor may also form a large transmembrane pore what results in cell death. P2X7 receptors control numerous physiological and pathological cellular processes and their overexpression is often associated with cancer progression. As nucleotides are important signaling molecules in the central nervous system, P2X7 plays also an important but ambiguous role in glioma biology with contrary observations originating from different glioma models. Therefore, the aim of our research was to investigate P2X7 receptor expression and functions in three human (U-87 MG, U-138 MG, U-251 MG) and one rat (C6) glioma cell lines. Although the receptor mRNA and protein were present in all the studied cells, we found profound differences in their level. We also encountered a problem with one human cell lines authenticity (U-87 MG) and excluded it from most of the experiments. Interestingly, there was no clear dependency between P2X7 receptor level, calcium signal and pore formation ability in the studied glioma lines. In U-138 human cell line, the receptor seemed to be inactive, while in U-251 human and C6 rat cell line its activation resulted in calcium influx and large pore formation. However, the viability of studied cells upon the administration of specific P2X7 agonist – BzATP – was not affected for U-138 and U-251, whereas for C6 cells a stimulatory effect was observed. Our results stress the variability of P2X7 signaling in glioma models and the need for future research which would take into account the complicated landscape of the receptor signaling in the brain.
Windmills as the Forgotten Cultural Heritage Returning to Favour
Authors: Habecka-Rosiak Emilia
Published: March 2020

Windmills are extremely interesting examples of architectural and technological monuments. For years, the objects located in Poland were neglected and their degradation was very rapid. There were many factors that contributed to this situation including unprofitable production, the ageing of staff, lack of successors, and insufficient financial resources of provincial conservators for the co-funding of conservation and restoration projects. Over the past few years, the number of initiatives, patterned on foreign practices, have been growing. Their aim is to preserve and popularise windmills. In many cases, windmills are converted into hotels or apartments.
‘Historical Craft from the Artisan’s Point of View’. Analysis of the Results of the Survey Conducted Among Craftsmen Specialising in Historical Reconstruction
Authors: Badowska Katarzyna , Rutkowski Wojciech
Published: March 2020

The paper presents the results of the survey carried out by the authors of this paper, the subject of which was experimental archaeology. We asked a group of artisans that deal with historical reconstruction a set of questions about the difficulties they encounter during their reconstruction work. What is their biggest problem? Where do the craftsmen derive information about the ancient technology from? How are their products received by recipients? The chronological framework of the reconstruction industry was narrowed down to one historical period (the time of the Przeworsk culture, that is the Pre-Roman Iron Age, the Roman Iron Age and Migration Period). This clearly showed some connections between a small group of craftsmen using ancient methods in their work and the academic world, and how important it is to acquire historical and archaeological knowledge and to find ethnographic inspirations in order to solve the problems of craft techniques. The survey covered artisans practising various crafts, from metalwork to pottery, which added a broader perspective to the issues studied.
Robotic mechanotherapy: the possibility to use an exoskeleton for lower limb rehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis and impaired walking function
Authors: Gevorkyan A. A. , Kotov S. V. , Lizhdvoy V. Yu.
Published: March 2020

Background: Robotic mechanotherapy is considered as a promising area of physical rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis patients, while it ensures high training efficacy. Aim: To study the effect of physical training using with the ExoAtlet exoskeleton for lower extremities the functioning of patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, open, uncontrolled, single center study. The rehabilitation course with the ExoAtlet exoskeleton included 43 patients (14 male and 29 female, aged from 28 to 59 years, mean age 43,5 ± 9,12 years) with remitting multiple sclerosis in remission (RMS-R) (n = 20) and secondary progressive course (VPRS) (n = 23), with the EDSS scores from 3 to 8. One of the inclusion criteria was the presence of motor paresis of the lower extremities. Training with the ExoAtlet exoskeleton was performed 5 days a week for two weeks. The neurological deficits and functioning were assessed with the Kurtzke expanded disability status scale (EDSS), the multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC) test, including the assessment of walking (Timed 25 Footwalk), of upper limb functions (9-Hole PegTest, 9-HPT), and of mental functioning (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT) before and after the rehabilitation course. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Results: The rehabilitation course resulted in a significant decrease of neurological deficiency by EDSS (by 0.26 score, 5%, p < 0.001). The MSFC test showed an improvement in all subtests: SDMT by 2 points, or 4.9% (p = 0.018), Timed 25-Footwalk by 3.2 seconds, or 19.6% (p < 0.001), 9-HPT for the dominant hand by 1.6 seconds, or 5% (p = 0.004), and for the non-dominant hand by 2.1 seconds, or 6.2% (p = 0.006). The improvement in the MoCA test after the rehabilitation course was 1.6 points, or 6% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study confirmed the positive effect of the exoskeleton in the lower extremities, such as restoration of the walking function in multiple sclerosis patients. There was a positive trend towards restoring of hand motor skills and cognitive functions.
EPIDEMIOLOGY ASPECTS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION OF LUNG CANCER: A REVIEW
Authors: Tsyganov Matvey M. , Pevsner A. M , Ibragimova M. K , Deryusheva I. V , Litviakov N. V
Published: March 2020

This review is devoted to assessing the world’s prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in lung cancer (LC), which is recognized as the etiological factor of cervical cancer. However, data show that this virus is presents not only in gynecological carcinomas, but also in tumors of other organs, in particular, the upper respiratory tract and the digestive tract. The review includes 54 articles. Of all the studies analyzed, 10 of them showed a complete absence of HPV in the biological material in patients with LC. The highest percentage of HPV occurrence by region is observed in Australia, Latin America, followed by the Asian region. Interestingly, the highest occurrence of high oncogenic types (16 and 18) is observed in Asia (35.4%), then in Latin America (33.6%) and Europe (23.6%). Low oncogenic types (6 and 11) are mainly observed in Asia (40.0%). This review is the first such study in Russia. However, the frequency of occurrence of HPV in lung tumor tissue highly variety. This may raise the question of whether HPV really plays a role in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer, which makes further research in this area relevant and promising.
RISK FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LETAL OUTCOME WITH THE DEFEAT OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Arutyunova Daria D. , Gerasimov A. N , Allenov M. N , Maloletneva N. V , Shabalina O. Yu , Umbetova K. T
Published: March 2020

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death in HIV patients. The purpose of our study is to assess risk factors of the fatal outcome development in HIV infection patients with tuberculosis using mathematical methods. A retrospective analysis of lethal cases was performed using statistical methods and multivariate models of the mortality probability in 113 HIV infection patients at the stage of secondary diseases with respiratory damage were calculated. While calculating the prognosis coefficients of the lethal outcome was established the higher the fibrinogen level at the moment of hospitalization is the better the patients’ prognosis, and the high level of other indicators increases the probability of the lethal outcome.
Elevages laitiers à bas intrants : entre traditions et innovations
Authors: DELABY L. , FIORELLI J.L.
Published: March 2020

Après une période de grande stabilité des prix et des volumes produits, encadrée par une politique agricole commune forte, la filière laitière française entre dans une zone de turbulences et d’incertitudes. L’augmentation de la demande alimentaire mondiale, associée à l’abandon imminent des quotas laitiers devraient créer un climat d’enthousiasme et favoriser le développement de la production laitière en Europe. Mais ces dérégulations aboutissent aussi à de fortes tensions sur le marché mondial des produits agricoles qui renforcent les inquiétudes concernant l’avenir du potentiel de production laitière française. Les éleveurs s’interrogent sur l’évolution de leurs systèmes de production et notamment la pertinence de diverses options. Afin de limiter la sensibilité aux fluctuations du marché, les systèmes laitiers à bas intrants font le choix d’une réduction de leur dépendance grâce à une forte cohérence entre les potentialités du milieu et la demande du troupeau. Ils espèrent alors améliorer leurs revenus par la réduction des coûts tout en assurant lapérennité du système. Ce choix est un puissant stimulant d’innovations pratiques qui s’appuient souvent sur des traditions techniques revisitées et adaptées au contexte. Cette démarche, déjà mise en place par un certain nombre d’éleveurs, impose de disposer d’atouts structurels favorables au pâturage de longue durée, de constituer un stock de sécurité conséquent et de favoriser les légumineuses et le recyclage efficace des éléments. La conduite du troupeau, notamment en matière de répartition des vêlages, et le choix du type de vaches sont également des éléments stratégiques essentiels. Si les performances économiques et sociales de ces systèmes sont souvent conformes aux attentes, ces systèmes nécessitent au minimum apprentissage et conviction du fait d’un changement de paradigme dans l’évaluation des performances.
Le processus d’innovation en ferme. Illustrations en élevage
Authors: INGRAND S. , LURETTE A. , GOUTTENOIRE L. , DEVUN J. , MOULIN C.H.
Published: March 2020

Le terme « innovation » est largement utilisé, notamment dans le domaine de la recherche. L’innovation se démarque de l’invention, processus en amont, et se caractérise par différentes modalités de mise en place de quelque chose de nouveau dans un système existant. Les sources de l’innovation peuvent être exogènes à la structure qui innove, ou bien endogènes dans le cas où l’innovation est initiée par celui qui pilote la structure (ici les exploitations agricoles). En agriculture, et en élevage en particulier, les innovations organisationnelles (faire autrement avec les mêmes choses) sont aussi importantes que les innovations technologiques (utiliser un objet nouveau ou un ancien objet modifié), notamment quand les animaux (en tant qu’êtres vivants) sont directement en jeu. Le type d’innovation considéré, ainsi que le degré et la nature du changement qui lui sont associés, sont essentiels dans la compréhension des processus d’innovation. De même, les facteurs favorables ou, au contraire, défavorables à ce processus, doivent être identifiés afin d’y contribuer efficacement en tant que chercheurs. Des exemples pris dans le domaine de l’élevage, en France ou ailleurs dans le monde, illustrent les différentes notions liées à l’innovation, tout au long du texte.
Le phénotypage de l’efficacité alimentaire et de ses composantes, une nécessité pour accroître l’efficience des productions animales
Authors: PHOCAS F. , AGABRIEL J. , DUPONT-NIVET M. , GEURDEN J. , MÉDALE F. , MIGNON-GRASTEAU S. , GILBERT H. , DOURMAD J.Y.
Published: March 2020

Dans un contexte de demande croissante en protéines animales, l’élevage de précision et la sélection animale doivent viser à accroître la compétitivité des systèmes de production et à réduire leur impact environnemental. Les animaux doivent être plus efficaces pour transformer leur ration (réduire l’ingéré tout en maintenant une production stable), en acceptant des ressources alimentaires variées (protéines ou fibres) et en minimisant leurs rejets (totaux ou leurs composantes N et P, GES). Toutefois, l’efficacité alimentaire est un phénotype complexe qui doit être phénotypé finement pour comprendre les processus biologiques sous-jacents avant d’identifier les leviers d’action pour l’améliorer (efficacité digestive vs métabolique ; efficacité énergétique vs protéique). Ce phénotypage doit être réalisé en conditions variées tant sur le plan du génotype, du niveau alimentaire que de la composition de la ration (teneur en fibres, en acides aminés). Il s’agit aussi d’envisager une approche prédictive de l’ingéré et de l’efficacité alimentaire basée sur des paramètres peu coûteux et faciles à mesurer (croissance, bio-marqueurs…) dans le cadre d’un élevage de précision ou de programmes de sélection génétique, car le phénotypage à large échelle de l’ingéré reste coûteux et parfois difficile à mettre en oeuvre. Pour évaluer l’efficience globale des systèmes de productions animales, il s’agit de considérer les réponses des animaux pour des génotypes et des régimes alimentaires contrastés en termes d’efficacité alimentaire et de rejets en quantité et en qualité (GES, N, P), mais aussi de robustesse des animaux (comportement alimentaire, activité générale, santé).
Optimiser la composition corporelle et la qualité des viandes de volailles en modulant le métabolisme par les acides aminés alimentaires
Authors: TESSERAUD S. , BOUVAREL I. , FRAYSSE P. , MÉTAYERCOUSTARD S. , COLLIN A. , LESSIRE M. , BERRI C.
Published: March 2020

Pour optimiser la composition corporelle et la qualité des viandes tout en garantissant l’efficacité des systèmes de production, il faut comprendre et maîtriser les mécanismes régulant l'utilisation métabolique des nutriments. Dans cette synthèse, nous présentons les généralités concernant la régulation nutritionnelle du métabolisme. Quelques exemples choisis et représentatifs (i.e. apports en protéines et acides aminés, rythme d’apport) sont utilisés pour illustrer ce type de recherche en privilégiant les résultats obtenus lors d’études récentes et en précisant leur intérêt pratique. Nous détaillons leur incidence sur la qualité des produits, et plus généralement l’efficacité des systèmes de production de viande de volaille, au travers d’études impliquant des recherches fondamentales et appliquées. Sont abordés les aspects concernant la composition corporelle et la qualité de la viande en lien avec sa sensibilité à l’oxydation ou avec son pH. Par exemple, chez le poulet, le pH ultime constitue un élément clé dont dépendent plusieurs caractéristiques technologiques et sensorielles de la viande. Il est en grande partie déterminé par la teneur en glycogène du muscle au moment de la mort des animaux, qui dépend entre autres du statut nutritionnel des animaux. Le défi de l’ensemble de ces travaux est de générer des connaissances scientifiques originales, mais aussi de permettre d’optimiser les apports alimentaires (quantitatifs, qualitatifs et rythmes) au cours du développement et en fonction des objectifs de production.
Role of Protons in Calcium Signaling
Authors: Molinari Giuliano , Nervo Elsa
Published: March 2020

36 years after the publication of the important article by Busa and Nuccitelli on the variability of intracellular pH (pHi) and the interdependence of pHi and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), little research has been carried out on pHi and calcium signaling. Moreover, the results appear to be contradictory. Some authors claim that the increase in [Ca2+]i is due to a reduction in pHi, others that it is caused by an increase in pHi. The reasons for these conflicting results have not yet been discussed and clarified in an exhaustive manner. Variations in pHi have a significant impact on the increase in [Ca2+]i and hence on some of the basic biochemical mechanisms of calcium signaling. This paper focuses on the possible triggering role of protons, highlighting the mechanisms potentially involved and the open issues that could be clarified by research.
Repositioning Chloroquine as Ideal Antiviral Prophylactic against COVID-19 - Time is Now
Authors: Chang Raymond , Sun Wei-Zen
Published: March 2020

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly advancing despite public health measures. Pharmaceutical prophylaxis is an established approach to potentially control infectious diseases and is one solution to the urgent public health challenge posed by COVID-19. Screening and development of new vaccines and antivirals is expensive and time consuming while the repositioning of available drugs should receive priority attention as well as international government and agency support. Here we propose an old drug chloroquine (CQ) to be urgently repositioned as an ideal antiviral prophylactic against COVID-19. CQ has ability to block viral attachment and entry to host cells. Its proven clinical efficacy against a variety of viruses including COVID-19 and its current deployment in COVID-19 therapeutic trials strengthens its potential candidacy as a prophylactic. Furthermore, CQ has a long safety record, is inexpensive and widely available. Here we reviewed CQ's antiviral mechanisms, its laboratory efficacy activity against COVID-19, as well as CQ's pharmacokinetics in its established use against malaria and autoimmune diseases to recommend safe and potentially efficacious dose regimens for protection against COVID-19: a pre-exposure prophylaxis of 250-500mg daily and post-exposure prophylaxis at 8mg/kg/day for 3 days. We recommend further urgent research on CQ for COVID-19 prevention and urge that the above regimens be investigated in parallel with mass deployment by relevant agencies in attempts to contain the pandemic without unnecessary regulatory delays as benefits far outweigh risks or costs.