bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of machine learning algorithm in the prediction of rehospitalization during one-year post traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Aly Salma , Chen Yuying , Ahmed Abdulaziz , Wen Huacong , Mehta Tapan
Published: February 2025

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective

The primary aim was to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict rehospitalization during the first year of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and to identify top predictors using data obtained during initial rehabilitation. The secondary aim was to predict prolonged hospital stay among the rehospitalized group.

Setting

Eighteen SCI Model Systems centers throughout the United States.

Methods

Data were retrieved from the National Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Database. The participants were divided into 2 groups based on rehospitalization during the first year of injury. Those who experienced rehospitalization during first year were further grouped into prolonged stay (>75th quartile of the total length of stay) or non-prolonged stay. Variables considered in models included socio-demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities.

Results

The best performing classification models were Random Forest for predicting rehospitalization and Adaptive Boosting for prolonged stay. The most important predictors in both models were the degree of functional independence, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores, age, days from injury to rehabilitation admission and body mass index. Additionally, for prolonged stays, pressure injury as a reason for rehospitalization was top predictor.

Conclusion

Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and ASIA scores emerge as key predictors of both rehospitalizations and prolonged rehospitalizations. These findings may assist clinicians in patient risk assessment. Furthermore, the identification of pressure injury as a primary predictor for prolonged stays signifies a targeted focus on preventive measures for pressure injury-related rehospitalizations, offering a specific strategy to enhance patient care and outcomes.
Planar chlorination engineering induced symmetry-broken single-atom site catalyst for enhanced CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Wei Shengjie , Zhu Jiexin , Chen Xingbao , Yang Rongyan , Gu Kailong , Li Lei , Chiang Ching-Yu , Mai Liqiang , Chen Shenghua
Published: February 2025

Breaking the geometric symmetry of traditional metal-N4 sites and further boosting catalytic activity are significant but challenging. Herein, planar chlorination engineering is proposed for successfully converting the traditional Zn-N4 site with low activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) into highly active Zn-N3 site with broken symmetry. The optimal catalyst Zn-SA/CNCl-1000 displays a highest faradaic efficiency for CO (FECO) around 97 ± 3% and good stability during 50 h test at high current density of 200 mA/cm2 in zero-gap membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer, with promising application in industrial catalysis. At -0.93 V vs. RHE, the partial current density of CO (J
CO) and the turnover frequency (TOF) value catalyzed by Zn-SA/CNCl-1000 are 271.7 ± 1.4 mA/cm2 and 29325 ± 151 h-1, as high as 29 times and 83 times those of Zn-SA/CN-1000 without planar chlorination engineering. The in-situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveal the adjacent C-Cl bond induces the self-reconstruction of Zn-N4 site into the highly active Zn-N3 sites with broken symmetry, strengthening the adsorption of *COOH intermediate, and thus remarkably improving CO2RR activity.
Exploring replay
Authors: Antonov Georgy , Dayan Peter
Published: February 2025

Animals face uncertainty about their environments due to initial ignorance or subsequent changes. They therefore need to explore. However, the algorithmic structure of exploratory choices in the brain still remains largely elusive. Artificial agents face the same problem, and a venerable idea in reinforcement learning is that they can plan appropriate exploratory choices offline, during the equivalent of quiet wakefulness or sleep. Although offline processing in humans and other animals, in the form of hippocampal replay and preplay, has recently been the subject of highly informative modelling, existing methods only apply to known environments. Thus, they cannot predict exploratory replay choices during learning and/or behaviour in the face of uncertainty. Here, we extend an influential theory of hippocampal replay and examine its potential role in approximately optimal exploration, deriving testable predictions for the patterns of exploratory replay choices in a paradigmatic spatial navigation task. Our modelling provides a normative interpretation of the available experimental data suggestive of exploratory replay. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of sequence replay, and license a range of new experimental paradigms that should further our understanding of offline processing.
Nucleotide-induced hyper-oligomerization inactivates transcription termination factor ρ
Authors: Wang Bing , Said Nelly , Hilal Tarek , Finazzo Mark , Wahl Markus C. , Artsimovitch Irina
Published: February 2025

Bacterial RNA helicase ρ is a genome sentinel that terminates the synthesis of damaged and junk RNAs that are not translated by the ribosome. It is unclear how ρ is regulated during dormancy or stress, when translation is inefficient and RNAs are vulnerable to ρ-mediated release. We use cryogenic electron microscopy, biochemical, and genetic approaches to show that substitutions of residues in the connector between two ρ domains or ADP promote the formation of extended Escherichia coli ρ filaments. By contrast, (p)ppGpp induces the formation of transient ρ dodecamers. Our results demonstrate that ADP and (p)ppGpp nucleotides bound at subunit interfaces inhibit ρ ring closure that underpins the hexamer activation, thus favoring the assembly of inactive higher-order oligomers. Connector substitutions and antibiotics that inhibit RNA and protein syntheses trigger ρ aggregation in the cell. These and other recent data implicate aggregation as a widespread strategy to tune ρ activity.
Identification of Meibomian gland stem cell populations and mechanisms of aging
Authors: Zhu Xuming , Xu Mingang , Portal Celine , Lin Yvonne , Ferdinand Alyssa , Peng Tien , Morrisey Edward E. , Dlugosz Andrzej A. , Castellano Joseph M. , Lee Vivian , Seykora John T. , Wong Sunny Y. , Iomini Carlo , Millar Sarah E.
Published: February 2025

Meibomian glands secrete lipid-rich meibum, which prevents tear evaporation. Aging-related Meibomian gland shrinkage may result in part from stem cell exhaustion and is associated with evaporative dry eye disease, a common condition lacking effective treatment. The identities and niche of Meibomian gland stem cells and the signals controlling their activity are poorly defined. Using snRNA-seq, in vivo lineage tracing, ex vivo live imaging, and genetic studies in mice, we identify markers for stem cell populations that maintain distinct regions of the gland and uncover Hedgehog (Hh) signaling as a key regulator of stem cell proliferation. Consistent with this, we show that human Meibomian gland carcinoma exhibits increased Hh signaling. Aged glands display decreased Hh and EGF signaling, deficient innervation, and loss of collagen I in niche fibroblasts, indicating that alterations in both glandular epithelial cells and their surrounding microenvironment contribute to age-related degeneration. These findings suggest new approaches to treat aging-associated Meibomian gland loss.
Gene therapy with feline anti-Müllerian hormone analogs disrupts folliculogenesis and induces pregnancy loss in female domestic cats
Authors: Stocker William A. , Olenick Lauren , Maskey Shreya , Skrombolas Denise , Luan Haitong , Harrison Sophie G. , Wilson Matt , Traas Anne , Heffernan Mark , Busfield Samantha , Walton Kelly L. , Harrison Craig A.
Published: February 2025

For female domestic cats, ovariohysterectomy is the only method of inducing permanent infertility. However, hundreds-of-millions of free-roaming cats globally highlight the necessity for alternative contraceptive approaches. One strategy involves a single injection of vector delivering a fertility-inhibiting protein for lifetime contraception. Recent studies in mice and cats have identified anti-Müllerian hormone as an excellent candidate for this type of contraception. Here, we leverage our recent characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying human anti-Müllerian hormone synthesis and activity, to generate potent feline anti-Müllerian hormone analogs. Single intramuscular delivery of these analogs to female cats using an adeno-associated viral vector leads to a greater than 1000-fold increase in feline anti-Müllerian hormone levels, which are sustained for 9 months. High serum anti-Müllerian hormone is associated with abnormal estrus cyclicity, non-follicular ovarian cyst formation, and a progressive decline in antral follicle numbers, however, the few surviving large follicles continue to ovulate. Unlike previous studies, supraphysiologic levels of anti-Müllerian hormone do not block conception, although they are incompatible with the maintenance of pregnancy. Our findings highlight the complexity of the effects of anti-Müllerian hormone on ovarian physiology but confirm that this growth factor is a candidate for fertility control in free-roaming cats.
Circularly polarized OLEDs from chiral plasmonic nanoparticle-molecule hybrids
Authors: Zheng Jiapeng , Fu Yuang , Wang Jing , Zhang Wei , Lu Xinhui , Lin Hai-Qing , Shao Lei , Wang Jianfang
Published: February 2025

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) supporting the direct emission of circularly polarized (CP) light are essential for numerous technologies. The realization of CP-OLEDs with large dissymmetry (g
EL) factors and high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) has been accepted as a considerable challenge. Here we demonstrate the realization of efficient CP-OLEDs based on the assembly of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and supramolecular aggregates. The chiral plasmonic NPs serve as the chiral scaffold and chiral optical nanoantenna to modulate the circularly polarized absorption and emission of the supramolecular chromophores. We employ different chiral plasmonic NPs to construct various CP-OLEDs with the emission dominated by chiral excitons or chiral plasmons. The CP-OLED showing a high EQE of 2.5% and a large g
EL factor of 0.31 is achieved, as a result of multiscale chirality transfer, plasmonic enhancement, and the suppression of the overshoot effect. The proposed schemes are compatible with the current manufacturing technology of OLEDs. This work demonstrates that chiral plasmonic NPs can be promising candidates in chiral photoelectric devices.
The Water Health Open Knowledge Graph
Authors: Lippolis Anna Sofia , Lodi Giorgia , Nuzzolese Andrea Giovanni
Published: February 2025

Global sustainability challenges have recently led to an increasing interest in the management of water and health resources. Thus, the availability of effective, meaningful and open data is crucial to address those issues in the broader context of the Sustainable Development Goals of clean water and sanitation as targeted by the United Nations. In this paper, we present the Water Health Open Knowledge Graph (WHOW-KG) along with its design methodology and analysis on impact. Developed in the context of the EU-funded WHOW (Water Health Open Knowledge) project, the WHOW-KG is a semantic knowledge graph that models data on water consumption, pollution, extreme weather events, infectious disease rates and drug distribution. Indeed, it aims at supporting a wide range of applications: from knowledge discovery to decision-making, making it a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in the water and health domains. The WHOW-KG consists of a network of five ontologies and related linked open data, modelled according to those ontologies. As a fully distributed system, it is sustainable over time, can handle large datasets, and allows data providers full control, establishing it as a vital European asset in the fields of water consumption and pollution.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the intertidal lucinid clam Indoaustriella scarlatoi
Authors: Guo Yang , Zhong Zhaoshan , Zhang Nannan , Wang Minxiao , Li Chaolun
Published: February 2025

Lucinidae, renowned as the most diverse chemosymbiotic invertebrate group, functions as a sulfide cleaner in coastal ecosystems and is thus ecologically important. Despite their significance, genomic studies on these organisms have been limited. Here, we present the chromosome-level genome assembly of Indoaustriella scarlatoi, an intertidal lucinid clam. Employing both short and long reads, and Hi-C sequencing, we assembled a 1.58 Gb genome comprising 690 contigs with a contig N50 length of 9.00 Mb, which were anchored to 17 chromosomes. The genome exhibits a high completeness of 95.4%, as assessed by the BUSCO analysis. Transposable elements account for 56.02% of the genome, with long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR, 42.66%) being the most abundant. We identified 34,469 protein-coding genes, 74.43% of which were functionally annotated. This high-quality genome assembly serves as a valuable resource for further studies on the evolutionary and ecological aspects of chemosymbiotic bivalves.
Prelimbic cortex is involved in the regulation of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in both resistant and sensitive mice
Authors: Zheng Rui , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhang Jin , Liu Qianglin , Zheng Yanyan , Wang Zhouguang
Published: February 2025

A primary behavioral pathology in drug addiction is the overpowering motivational strength and decreased ability to control the desire to obtain drugs, which shows some variation between different individuals. Here, using a morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) model with footshock, we found that mice exhibited significant individual differences in morphine-induced addiction. Despite the consequences of footshock, a small percentage of mice (24%) still showed stable morphine preference, demonstrating resistant to punishment. The majority of mice (76%) were relatively sensitive to punishment and showed termination of morphine preference. As a region of advanced cognitive function in the mammalian brain, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in regulating drug-induced addictive behaviors. We found that activating the pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) could effectively reverse morphine-induced CPP in resistant mice, and inhibiting pyramidal neurons in the PrL could promote morphine-induced CPP in sensitive mice. To further explore the differences between resistant and sensitive mice, we analyzed the differences in gene expression in their PrL regions through RNA-seq analysis. The results showed that compared to sensitive mice, the significantly downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as Panx2, Tcf7l2, Htr2c, Htr5a, Orai3, Slc24a4 and Cacnb2, in resistant mice were mainly involved in synaptic formation and neurodevelopment. We speculated that there may be defects in the neuronal system of resistant mice, and caused they are more prone to morphine-induced CPP. These findings are likely to contribute to research in gene therapy, and they may also serve as potential therapeutic targets for drug addiction.
Long-lived photoexcitation probed by photo-induced enhanced Raman spectroscopy: unveiling charge dynamics in Ag–TiO2 nano-heterojunctions
Authors: Pięta Łukasz , Kisielewska Aneta , Warzybok Adrian , Piwoński Ireneusz , Malek Kamilla
Published: February 2025

This work explores Photo-Induced Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (PIERS) as a tool to investigate charge carrier dynamics in nanometer-thick Ag–TiO2 heterojunctions with a Schottky barrier. Due to the light-induced charge transfer process at the semiconductor–metal interface, PIERS provides a significant signal enhancement over traditional Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). In turn, a remarkably stable PIERS signal lasting over 10 days after UVC light illumination cannot be explained exclusively by the presence and the lifetime of the induced oxygen vacancies, so other features of the Ag–TiO2 heterojunction must be responsible for this effect. Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), UV–Vis, XPS, and I–V characterization were used to explore charge migration mechanisms further to prove PIERS applicability. While PL showed rapid healing of oxygen vacancies, the correlation of the PIERS signal with changes in the Schottky barrier height and relative changes in the electron density under various lighting conditions indicates that both Hot Electron Injection (HEI) and Plasmon-Induced Resonance Energy Transfer (PIRET) are responsible for the Raman signal changes over time. We showed that both phenomena can be probed by in situ PIERS spectroscopy. This proof-of-principle paves the way for developing more advanced photoactive semiconductor–metal composites suitable for energy conversion or storage, as well as SERS and PIERS analytics.
Structural identifiability of parameters of Anand material model
Authors: Rojíček Jaroslav , Cienciala Jakub , Fusek Martin
Published: February 2025

This article explores the structural identifiability of parameters within non-linear physical models, focussing specifically on the Anand material model. The proposed procedure is structured in two key steps: first, a local analysis identifies the most suitable parameters for testing. Subsequently, these selected parameters, along with their admissible value intervals, are evaluated for global structural dependence. Our innovative numerical approach systematically reduces the parameter count by substituting selected parameters with frozen values (constants). The study employs simulations of the finite element method of a simplified tensile test, utilising the Anand material model. The independent parameters identified through this method are then validated against a tensile test dataset. The validation results indicate a high probability that the use of a reduced parameter set yields unique values for the Anand model parameters in the tensile tests, underscoring the efficacy of our approach.
Neuromodulation perception by the general public
Authors: Atkinson-Clement Cyril , Junor Andrea , Kaiser Marcus
Published: February 2025

The development of neurotechnologies offers exciting opportunities for novel brain interventions. Public perception plays a crucial role in determining the success and acceptance of these interventions. This study aimed to understand the general non-expert population’s representation of neuromodulation and their preferences for common methods such as pharmaceutical drugs, brain implants, ultrasound, magnetic, and electrical stimulations. We conducted a comprehensive online survey with 784 participants to assess their perception of neuromodulation before and after providing information. We also asked the participants to rank their preferences for different neuromodulation techniques after being provided with information. Statistical analyses included inferential non-linear models and free-text data mining. Our findings revealed that overall, neuromodulation was positively perceived by the participants. Furthermore, providing information resulted in a significant improvement in participants’ perception of neuromodulation. Ultrasound stimulation emerged as the most preferred treatment choice, while pharmaceutical drugs were considered a middle-choice option and brain implants ranked last due to safety concerns. Healthcare providers could benefit from enhancing patient education and awareness to promote informed decision-making and improve treatment adherence. Additionally, stakeholders have to address the existing distrust surrounding pharmaceutical drugs and prioritize the development and promotion of safe, non-invasive neuromodulation treatments.
Fertilizer types and nitrogen rates integrated strategy for achieving sustainable quinoa yield and dynamic soil nutrient-water distribution at high altitude
Authors: Sun Xiaojing , Deng Chenglei , Gao Jiaxing , Lu Jingying , Zheng Yan , Guo Zeyun , Sun Yadi , Wang Chuangyun , Deng Yan
Published: February 2025

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a crop particularly adapted to high-altitude environments characterized by significant variability in climate and soil conditions Fertilization is essential for providing nutrients and influencing soil nutrient cycling and hydrological dynamics. This study aimed to optimize fertilizer type and nitrogen (N) application rates to improve soil nutrient availability, moisture retention, and quinoa yield. We examined three fertilizer types: compound fertilizer (NPK), bio-microbial fertilizer (BM), and slow-release fertilizer (SRF), with nitrogen application rates of 90, 120, and 150 kg ha− 1, compared to a control group (CK) with no fertilization. Our results revealed that applying 120 kg ha− 1 of nitrogen with SRF significantly reduced soil bulk density, improved water retention beyond 60 cm depth, and enhanced water use efficiency by 9.2–16.2%, alleviating water stress. In conjunction with BM, this nitrogen application increased soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and the availability of phosphorus and potassium, especially during the grain-filling stage, promoting quinoa growth. Elevated nitrogen rates (120 and 150 kg ha− 1) with BM maximized soil urease and sucrase activities, correlating positively with key soil chemical parameters. Additionally, 120 kg ha− 1 of SRF notably boosted quinoa biomass and yield components. Economic analysis indicated that SRF at 120 kg ha− 1 nitrogen provided the highest productivity. These results highlight the importance of fertilizer type and nitrogen rates in enhancing soil nutrient status and optimizing water infiltration in high-altitude soils, offering a drought-resistant strategy for quinoa cultivation.
Theoretical analysis of lipase-enzymatic DKR model for racemic (R)- and (S)- ibuprofen ester in a hollow cylindrical membrane bioreactor
Authors: Ahmed L. Niyaz , Thomas Praveen
Published: February 2025

This study examines the semi-analytical expression of a hollow cylindrical fiber membrane bioreactor catalyzed by an immobilized enzyme (lipase), focusing on the dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of racemic (R)- and (S)-ibuprofen ester through the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). This method effectively solves the coupled non-linear system of second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs), incorporating the mass transfer associated with the DKR reaction rate. The DKR rate equations are computed utilizing both enantiomers, which represent the enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate within the barrier’s support matrix, where the racemization term is negligible. Additionally, the corresponding racemization of the unreacted substrate outside the membrane is considered, where the enzymatic hydrolysis term is negligible. The dimensionless steady-state solution for the dynamics of the mean integrated effectiveness factor (MIEF) related to convective hydrolysis-racemization phenomena quantifies the local effectiveness factor, which impacts the Thiele modulus and the bulk initial concentrations of a substance within the membrane layer. The Bodenstein number is a critical parameter that optimizes reaction conditions, enhances mixing efficiency, and mitigates mass transfer limitations. The normalized values from the sensitivity analysis are analyzed to identify the key parameters of the present system. The conversion efficiency and limitations of the proposed model utilizing HPM are presented. Our proposed solution compares the semi-analytical expression with the simulated numerical results of BVP-4c using the built-in solver in MATLAB R2023b software, demonstrating good agreement across all values of the reaction parameters. The agreement between semi-analytical and numerical computations demonstrates the validity of these approximation methods. The findings provide significant insights for enhancing membrane reactor design and improving the efficiency of industrial processes for racemic ibuprofen ester production.
Extended crop yield meta-analysis data do not support upward SCC revision
Authors: McKitrick Ross
Published: February 2025

The Biden Administration raised its Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) estimate about fivefold based in part on global crop yield decline projections estimated on a meta-analysis data base first published in 2014. The data set contains 1722 records but half were missing at least one variable (usually the change in CO2) so only 862 were available for multivariate regression modeling. By re-examining the underlying sources I was able to recover 360 records and increase the sample size to 1222. Reanalysis on the larger data set yields very different results. While the original smaller data set implies yield declines of all crop types even at low levels of warming, on the full data set global average yield changes are zero or positive even out to 5 °C warming.
Experimental investigation of process parameters in Wire-EDM of Ti-6Al-4 V
Authors: Jagdale Manoj , Ambhore Nitin , Chaudhari Rakesh , Kulkarni Atul , Abdullah Masuk
Published: February 2025

Wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a recent technique that is useful in machining Ti-6Al-4 V alloy, which is a material that is preferred in many industries due to its exceptional hardness. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of WEDM process parameters on the machining characteristics of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy. The 4-axis CNC WEDM machine that was used in this study had brass wire as the electrode and de-ionized water as the dielectric fluid. The parameters under investigation were the peak current (Ip), pulse on time (TON), pulse off time (TOFF), and servo voltage (SV) set at 3 levels each. The experimentation was based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array design. The material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness of machined ash components were Ra. A total of three Ra results were analyzed using ANOVA. It was shown that response surface methodology, pulse time ton and peak electric current had more significant effects on MRR. Effect-wise results indicated that peak current and time on P ring test allow surface finish to be within MRR levels. It is peak electric current that determines a 72.75% effect on MRR whereas extreme time has an 11.68 balanced effect on peak current. In the case of Ra, peak electric current and extreme pulse time remain dominant factors. The results suggest that higher Ra is favored by less increase in input energy as both peak current and time have been decreased.
How much do atmospheric depressions and Mongolian cyclones contribute to spring dust activities in East Asia?
Authors: Mu Feifei , Fiedler Stephanie
Published: February 2025

Severe East Asian dust storms occur in spring due to dust-emitting winds in the Gobi Desert associated with Mongolian cyclones. The present study performs the first quantitative assessment of the contributions of Mongolian cyclones to springtime dust activity in East Asia, based on multiple reanalyses and observational datasets for 2001–2022. Atmospheric depressions dominate dust activities in Northern China, explaining ~90–92% of the total dust emissions in the Gobi Desert and ~88–93% of the dust aerosol optical depth (τ) downwind, depending on the dataset. Mongolian cyclones, defined as long-living and mobile atmospheric depressions, explain almost half (~34–47%) of the Gobi’s total dust emissions and τ downwind, and are the primary driver of high-impact dust storms. The number of Mongolian cyclones, along with the dust activity, has decreased since 2001, with a spatial pattern of the dust emission trend that is consistent with the northward shift of cyclone tracks.
Identifying major depressive disorder in older adults through naturalistic driving behaviors and machine learning
Authors: Chen Chen , Brown David C. , Al-Hammadi Noor , Bayat Sayeh , Dickerson Anne , Vrkljan Brenda , Blake Matthew , Zhu Yiqi , Trani Jean-Francois , Lenze Eric J. , Carr David B. , Babulal Ganesh M.
Published: February 2025

Depression in older adults is often underdiagnosed and has been linked to adverse outcomes, including motor vehicle crashes. With a growing population of older drivers in the United States, innovations in screening methods are needed to identify older adults at greatest risk of decline. This study used machine learning techniques to analyze real-world naturalistic driving data to identify depression status in older adults and examined whether specific demographics and medications improved model performance. We analyzed two years of GPS data from 157 older adults, including 81 with major depressive disorder, using XGBoost and logistic regression models. The top-performing model achieved an area under the curve of 0.86 with driving features combined with total medication use. These findings suggest that naturalistic driving data holds high potential as a functional digital neurobehavioral marker for AI identifying depression in older adults on a national scale, thereby ensuring equitable access to treatment.
In situ and in vitro cryo-EM reveal structures of mycobacterial encapsulin assembly intermediates
Authors: Berger Casper , Lewis Chris , Gao Ye , Knoops Kèvin , López-Iglesias Carmen , Peters Peter J. , Ravelli Raimond B. G.
Published: February 2025

Prokaryotes rely on proteinaceous compartments such as encapsulin to isolate harmful reactions. Encapsulin are widely expressed by bacteria, including the Mycobacteriaceae, which include the human pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. Structures of fully assembled encapsulin shells have been determined for several species, but encapsulin assembly and cargo encapsulation are still poorly characterised, because of the absence of encapsulin structures in intermediate assembly states. We combine in situ and in vitro structural electron microscopy to show that encapsulins are dynamic assemblies with intermediate states of cargo encapsulation and shell assembly. Using cryo-focused ion beam (FIB) lamella preparation and cryo-electron tomography (CET), we directly visualise encapsulins in Mycobacterium marinum, and observed ribbon-like attachments to the shell, encapsulin shells with and without cargoes, and encapsulin shells in partially assembled states. In vitro cryo-electron microscopy (EM) single-particle analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis encapsulin was used to obtain three structures of the encapsulin shell in intermediate states, as well as a 2.3 Å structure of the fully assembled shell. Based on the analysis of the intermediate encapsulin shell structures, we propose a model of encapsulin self-assembly via the pairwise addition of monomers.
The impact of intrinsic point defects on the optoelectronic functionality of CuGaO2: insights from first-principles calculations
Authors: Zhang Fu-Jia , Xiang Xianglin , Yang Jian , Zhao Zong-Yan
Published: February 2025

This study presents a systematic analysis of the thermodynamic stability, electronic structure, and optical properties of intrinsic point defects in CuGaO2, and their impact on optoelectronic functionality, utilizing first-principles calculations.
Unique Catalytic Role of Intermolecular Electric Fields that Emanate from the Lewis Acids in a Ring Closing Carbonyl Olefin Metathesis Reaction
Authors: Swain Lopita , Gopakumar Karthik , Ramanan Rajeev
Published: February 2025

Electric field (EF) catalysis has evolved as an effective tool for controlling reactivity and selectivity of reactions. While EF catalysis brings precise control over reactivity, it also challenges the concept's...
Novel polydopamine/halloysite nanotube-reinforced brushite calcium phosphate cement for bone regeneration with synergistic regulation of mechanical/osteogenic capacity
Authors: Wang Chenhao , Guo Tao , Gong Yukang , Wang Xintian , An Puying , Zhang Jie , Gao Zheng , Gao Wenshan , Zhang Yuangong , Liu Feng
Published: February 2025

The Bru-CPCs/1.5%HNTs@PDA scaffold exhibited superior compressive strength, cell proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation properties.
Dissipative formation of a transient foldaxane with a fuel-like thread
Authors: Feng Cheng , Zhu Shouzhe , Yang Shuang , Xing Feifei , Wang Xiang
Published: February 2025

A transient antiparallel foldaxane forms with a thread molecule, which, in the presence of a base, dissipates to a mixture of antiparallel/parallel double helixes and a parallel foldaxane.
Peptide-mediated liquid–liquid phase separation and biomolecular condensates
Authors: Li Guangle , Yuan Chengqian , Yan Xuehai
Published: February 2025

Peptide-mediated liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) underpins the formation of dynamic biomolecular condensates, regulated by diverse molecular interactions, and highlights potential applications in drug delivery and synthetic biology.
Highly elastic polyvinyl alcohol embolic microspheres for effective transarterial embolization
Authors: Liu Li , Xu Xiangxian , Zhu Xiaoli , Dang Meng , Zhang Yunming , Shi Donghong , Liu Shenzhe , Zhang Zhiwei , Pan Jing , Zhong Jing , Ou-yang Lin , Teng Zhaogang , Zhang Longjiang
Published: February 2025

Transarterial embolization therapy is a highly promising, minimally invasive interventional procedure for treating vascular and neoplastic diseases in the clinic. The use of highly elastic and deformable embolization microspheres is...
Driving the efficient construction and functional-group editing of 2-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-based high-energy compounds by a resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding strategy
Authors: Cao Yuteng , Jiang Tianyu , Chen Shiluo , Xia Honglei , Liu Yu , Zhang Wenquan
Published: February 2025

A series of high-performance 2-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-based energetic compounds was obtained by a resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding approach.
Photoluminescent materials for solar spectral conversion greenhouse films
Authors: Fan Yulin , Zhou Yiqing , Qiu Zhongxian , Lian Shixun
Published: February 2025

Photoluminescent materials serve as light conversion auxiliaries in greenhouse films to enhance photosynthetic efficiency and crop productivity & quality by improving sunlight utilization.
Analysis of Leakage Inductance Effect and Loss Calculation of DAB Using Single‐Phase Shift Modulation Scheme
Authors: Deepti T. , Deepa K. , Alexander Stonier Albert , Peter Geno , Anoop A. , Shahila D. Ferlin Deva , Ganji Vivekananda , Jha Arya
Published: February 2025

The swift progression of electric vehicles (EVs) presents significant prospects for the enhanced integration of sustainable energy in the automotive industry. The installation technique and cost‐effectiveness of on‐board chargers (OBCs) have contributed to their increasing popularity as a feasible option for EVs. Moreover, there exists a growing demand within the automotive sector regarding bidirectional power flow solutions owing to the capacity of EVs to supply electricity to the electrical network. A crucial and integral component of the OBC is the dual active bridge (DAB) (an isolated bidirectional direct current [DC]–DC converter) satisfying the bidirectional power flow. The key aim of this work is to emphasize the essential role of the DAB within the realm of power electronic converters utilized in EVs. This paper introduces an analytical methodology for evaluating power losses and energy efficiency in a single‐phase DAB. The validity of this approach is determined through a comparison between the computed energy efficiency and the empirical data obtained from a closed loop PI controlled 2.6 kW DAB model. The research article furthermore presents an analysis of leakage inductance on the efficiency and phase shift saturation in the empirical model. Subsequent comparative study evaluates the key properties of the paper, such as overall efficiency and settling time, across different loads. This inquiry offers valuable insights into the actual performance of these systems by a comparative analysis of simulation findings and real‐world data obtained from hardware‐based experiments.
Deep multi‐agent RL for anti‐jamming and inter‐cell interference mitigation in NOMA networks
Authors: Yousefzadeh Marandi Sina , Amirabadi Mohammad Ali , Kahaei Mohammad Hossein , Razavizadeh S. Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Inter‐cell interference and smart jammer attacks significantly impair the performance of non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks. This issue is particularly critical when considering strategic interactions with malicious actors. To address this challenge, the power allocation problem is framed in a two‐cell NOMA network as a sequential game. In this game, each base station acts as a leader, choosing a power allocation strategy, while the smart jammer acts as a follower, reacting optimally to the base stations' choices. To address this multi‐agent scenario, four multi‐agent reinforcement learning algorithms are proposed: Q‐learning based unselfish (QLU), deep QLU, hot booting deep QLU, and decreased state deep QLU. A game‐theoretic analysis that demonstrates the algorithms' convergence to the optimal network‐wide strategy with high probability is provided. Simulation results further confirm the superiority of our proposed algorithms compared to the Q‐learning‐based selfish NOMA power allocation method.
Characterising the resilience of electro–hydrogen coupled system via convex hull estimation
Authors: Chang Siyuan , Li Gengyin , Zhang Tiance , Zhou Ming , Hong Qiteng , Wang Jianxiao
Published: February 2025

Frequent outbreaks of severe natural disasters underscore the importance of power system resilience. With high efficiency and rapid response, hydrogen energy can enhance power system resilience during such incidents. Traditional post‐event resilience assessment methods, which are event‐triggered, focus on a single indicator, leading to an ambiguous portrayal of the power capacity of coupled systems. To address this limitation, based on a two‐stage electro–hydrogen coupled model, the concept of electro–hydrogen coupled region (EHCR) is proposed to illustrate the potential relationships between resilience indicators, exploring the accurate power capacity of the coupled system to critical loads during extreme events. The convex hull estimation is employed to determine the EHCR. A max–min diagnostic model is introduced as the convergence criterion for resilience margins. An external cutting‐plane algorithm is developed to interactively obtain the EHCR by progressively eliminating non‐capacity regions of the current space based on the diagnostic model. The efficacy of the proposed methods is validated through case studies based on an IEEE 30‐bus and Belgium 20‐node coupled system under ice disaster scenarios.
„Wirklich desaströs für eine Gesellschaft, da die Augen zuzukneifen“ – Palliativversorgung von Menschen ohne ausreichende Krankenversicherung: Eine bundesweite Mixed-Methods-Studie
Authors: Schwerdt Johannes , Jaspers Birgit , Surges Séverine M. , Przyborek Marta , Radbruch Lukas
Published: February 2025

Ziel der Studie Unterschiedliche Gruppen in Deutschland haben etwa aufgrund von Beitragsschulden, Aufenthaltsstatus oder bürokratischen Hürden keinen dem gesetzlichen Leistungskatalog entsprechenden Krankenversicherungsschutz und damit einen eingeschränkten Zugang zu Palliativversorgung. In dieser Studie soll untersucht werden, wie diese Menschen versorgt werden und welche Hürden und Lösungsansätze existieren.

Methodik Mitarbeitende aus Einrichtungen, die Nichtversicherte versorgen, wurden per E-Mail zu einer Online-Befragung und einem Telefon-Interview eingeladen. Die Ergebnisse wurden in einer Fokusgruppe mit Mitgliedern des Arbeitskreises Hospiz des Ministeriums für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales (MAGS) des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen diskutiert. Die Analyse wurde mit einem Mixed-Methods-Ansatz mit quantitativen (deskriptive Auswertung der Befragung) und qualitativen Anteilen (inhaltsanalytische Auswertung der Interviews und Fokusgruppe) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse 31 Personen von 134 angeschriebenen Einrichtungen (30%) nahmen an der Befragung und 13 (10%) an Interviews teil. 27 der 31 Umfrageteilnehmer*innen hatten Kontakt zu Nichtversicherten mit Palliativversorgungsbedarf. Die Ergebnisse aus den Interviews und der Fokusgruppe mit 6 Teilnehmenden zeigten, dass Palliativversorgung aufgrund von finanziellen und organisatorischen Hürden nur unzureichend ist. Notwendig sind daher Beratungsangebote für Betroffene und kurzfristige Kostenzusagen für Versorger*innen.

Schlussfolgerung Die derzeitige Versorgungssituation ist lückenhaft, Informationen über bestehende Angebote müssen besser zugänglich gemacht und neue, öffentlich finanzierte Angebote geschaffen werden.
Verfahrenstreue, Eklektizismus oder Integration? Zur Bedeutung der
Verfahrensorientierung im Praxisalltag – Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Befragung
von Psychotherapeut*innen
Authors: Wucherpfennig Felix , Bock Sebastian , Abidi Shirin
Published: February 2025

Die Psychotherapierichtlinien des Gemeinsamen
Bundesausschusses (GBA) sind verfahrensorientiert ausgerichtet. Seit einiger
Zeit werden die Konsequenzen dieser Richtlinien für die therapeutische Praxis
sowie Aus- und Weiterbildung kontrovers diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Studie
wurde untersucht, wie in Deutschland praktizierende Psychotherapeut*innen
gegenüber der Verfahrensorientierung eingestellt sind.

Daten wurden mittels einer Online-Umfrage unter n=507
approbierten Psychotherapeut*innen erhoben. Die Teilnehmenden wurden nach ihrer
therapeutischen Orientierung, der Verwendung verfahrensfremder und
verfahrenskonformer Techniken sowie ihrer Meinung zur Verfahrensorientierung in
der therapeutischen Praxis sowie Aus- und Weiterbildung befragt.

Die Therapeut*innen beschrieben ihre Orientierung mehrheitlich
als integrativ, wobei die assimilative Integration am häufigsten vorkam.
Techniken fremder Verfahren wurden als relevant für die eigene Praxis
eingeschätzt. Die Befragten konnten sich mehrheitlich gut mit ihrem Verfahren
identifizieren und beschrieben, dass die Verfahrensorientierung hilfreich für
die therapeutische Arbeit sei. Verhaltenstherapeut*innen waren mehrheitlich für
eine verfahrensübergreifende Ausbildung, wohingegen tiefenpsychologische
Therapeut*innen diese mehrheitlich ablehnten.

Eine Kombination unterschiedlicher Richtlinienverfahren ist
laut GBA nicht vorgesehen, dies steht jedoch im Widerspruch zur gelebten Praxis.
Zwar bietet die Verfahrensorientierung einen wichtigen Bezugsrahmen für
Praktiker*innen, zu starr ausgelegt kann dieser jedoch auch als einschränkend
wahrgenommen werden.

Die Perspektive der Praktiker*innen sollte im
wissenschaftlichen Diskurs um die Verfahrensorientierung ein stärkeres Gewicht
erhalten.
Immersive Neurosurgical Anatomy Using Photogrammetry: Technical Note and Scoping Review
Authors: Bocanegra-Becerra Jhon E. , Ballesteros Herrera Daniel , Alhwaishel Khaled , Ferreira Marcio Yuri , Emanuelle Cunha Santos Vanessa , Mendieta Cristian D. , Semione Gabriel , wouters Kim , Batista Sávio , Chang José E. , Bertani Raphael , Lopez-Gonzalez Miguel A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Photogrammetry holds promise for expanding the domains of microsurgical education. The authors present a technical note and scoping review that explores the use of photogrammetry in neurosurgical anatomy, existing technical guidelines, and areas of implementation.

Methods

Photogrammetry was employed to build three-dimensional models of the anatomy of white fiber anatomy, brainstem, cranial nerves, and the retrosigmoid approach using human brain and skull specimens. In addition, a scoping review was performed on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase). Information was collected regarding human models, software, hardware, assessment of high-fidelity reconstruction, and anatomic depth estimation.

Results

The illustrative models achieved a high-quality representation of the white matter tracts, brainstem, cranial nerves, and anatomy in the retrosigmoid approach.
Our scoping review yielded 3,620 articles, of which 28 were included in the analysis. Photogrammetry was described in three technical stages: image acquisition, processing, and visualization. About 75% of studies reported high-fidelity image reconstruction, and only 42.9% of articles performed anatomic depth estimation. Concerning microsurgical anatomy education, photogrammetry has primarily rendered digital models of the cranial region (96.4%). During educational sessions, the most common surgical approaches described the orbitozygomatic (20%), endoscopic endonasal (20%), translabyrinthine (13.3%), retrosigmoid (13.3%), and Kawase (13.3%) approaches.
Conclusion

Photogrammetry offers an innovative approach to creating portable and virtual anatomical models with high-fidelity and vivid representations of human specimens. The resulting three-dimensional models can provide real proportions to teach visuospatial skills in Neurosurgery. However, significant challenges remain to achieve objective accuracy and anatomic depth perception, which are critical for microsur
Asymmetric (3 + 2) Annulations of Propargylic Carbonates and Vinylogous Nucleophiles via a Nickel-Catalyzed Alkenylation Pathway
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Zhu Lei , Song Zhao-Li , Qubi Keji , ouyang qin , Du Wei , Chen Ying-Chun
Published: February 2025

The alkenylation reaction of propargylic derivatives catalyzed by transition metals represents a powerful synthetic strategy, usually in a double attack mode to access multifunctional cyclic products. While a few asymmetric alkenylation reactions via palladium catalysis have been uncovered, here we report a non-precious Ni(0)-based chiral complex exhibits superior efficacy in the assemblies of a diversity of propargylic carbonates and vinylogous donors. The reaction proceeds via consecutive vinylogous activations of nucleophiles, finally giving (3 + 2) annulation frameworks by double attack on Nickel-activated species of propargylic carbonates. Both N-trifluoroethyl imines from activated ketones and all-carbon-based vinylogous donors can be well utilized, and the products embedding a 4-methylene-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole core or a 3-methylenecyclopentene framework, respectively, are efficiently constructed with high regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. The substrate scope is substantial, and further synthetic elaborations on the products enable the availability of more versatile structures with emerging applications. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and control experiments are carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
A Novel Endoscopic Gastric Purse-String Suture Device for Weight Management in a Porcine Model (with Video)
Authors: Qiao Yiyu , Hu Shuqian , shen wei , Tang Airong , Zhang Xueting , Zhang Hanqing , Min Min , Liu Yan
Published: February 2025

Obesity is a global health issue. Traditional treatment modalities such as lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and bariatric surgery often present various limitations. Recently, endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMTs) have emerged as promising minimally invasive approaches for weight management. These therapies reduce gastric volume and energy intake, prolong gastric emptying, and regulate hormones associated with satiety. This study evaluates endoscopic gastric purse-string suturing (EGPSS), a novel endoscopic procedure designed to reduce gastric fundus volume while minimizing associated risks. We assessed its feasibility and efficacy in a porcine model in terms of histological, physiological, and metabolic outcomes. The results suggest that EGPSS offers a viable option for metabolic control.