bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facile hyperpolarization chemistry for molecular imaging and metabolic tracking of [1-13C]pyruvate in vivo
Authors: Browning Austin , MacCulloch Keilian , Guarin Bedoya David , Dedesma Carlos , Goodson Boyd M , Rosen Matthew S , Chekmenev Eduard Y , Yen Yi-Fen , TomHon Patrick , Theis Thomas
Published: March 2023

Hyperpolarization chemistry based on reversible exchange of parahydrogen, also known as Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), is a particularly simple approach to attain high levels of nuclear spin hyperpolarization, which can enhance NMR and MRI signals by many orders of magnitude. SABRE has received significant attention in the scientific community since its inception because of its relative experimental simplicity and its broad applicability to a wide range of molecules, however in vivo detection of molecular probes hyperpolarized by SABRE has remained elusive. Here we describe the first demonstration of SABRE-hyperpolarized contrast detected in vivo, specifically using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. A biocompatible formulation of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was injected into healthy Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats, and metabolic conversion of pyruvate to lactate, alanine, pyruvate-hydrate, and bicarbonate was detected. Measurements were performed on the liver and kidney at 4.7 T via time-resolved spectroscopy and chemical-shift-resolved MRI. In addition, whole-body metabolic measurements were obtained using a cryogen-free 1.5 T MRI system, illustrating the utility of combining lower-cost MRI systems with simple, low-cost hyperpolarization chemistry to develop scalable, next-generation molecular imaging.
An Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry Assay to track Norovirus-Like Particles in Vaccine Process Intermediates by Quantifying Capsid Protein VP1
Authors: Jhingree Jacquelyn , Boisvert Julie , Mercier Geneviève
Published: March 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic shows the rapid pace at which vaccine development can occur which highlights the need for more fast and efficient analytical methodologies to track and characterize candidate vaccines during manufacturing and purification processes. The candidate vaccine in this work comprises plant-derived Norovirus-like particles (NVLPs) which are structures that mimic the virus but lack any infectious genetic material. Presented here is a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodology for the quantification of viral protein VP1, the main component of the NVLPs in this study. It combines isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) to quantify targeted peptides in process intermediates. Multiple MRM transitions (precursor/product ion pairs) for VP1 peptides were tested with varying MS source conditions and collision energies. Final parameter selection for quantification includes three peptides with two MRM transitions each offering maximum detection sensitivity under optimized MS conditions. For quantification, a known concentration of the isotopically labeled version of the peptides to be quantified was added into working standard solutions to serve as an internal standard (IS); calibration curves were generated for concentration of native peptide vs. the peak area ratio of native-to-isotope labeled peptide. VP1 peptides in samples were quantified with labeled versions of the peptides added at the same level as that of the standards. Peptides were quantified with limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1.0 fmol/μL and limit of quantitation (LOQ) as low as 2.5 fmol/μL. NVLP preparations spiked with known quantities of either native peptides or drug substance (DS) comprising assembled NVLPs produced recoveries indicative of minimal matrix effects. Overall, we report a fast, specific, selective, and sensitive LC-MS/MS strategy to track NVLPs through the purification steps of the DS of a Norovirus candidate vaccine.
Comments on the Matters Arising article “Does φ-Aromaticity exist in prismatic {Bi6}-based clusters?”
Authors: Peerless Benjamin , Schmidt Andreas , Franzke Yannick , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: March 2023

We read the Matters Arising article by Dariusz W. Szczepanik and Miquel Solà with interest, and recognized several misinterpretations (based on oversimplifications) of our work and also errors that results from inappropriate/insufficient methods applied in their follow-up studies. This led to erroneous statements, which the authors additionally mixed with statements on aromaticity, which does not fully comply with definitions that have been well-established, e.g., for benzene. In this comment, we outline the misinterpretations, errors, and questionable statements, thereby referring to our work and further literature to underline the facts.
On-Surface Synthesis of a Doubly Anti-Aromatic Carbon Allotrope: Cyclo[16]carbon
Authors: Gao Yueze , Albrecht Florian , Rončević Igor , Ettedgui Isaac , Kumar Paramveer , Scriven Lorel , Christensen Kirsten , Mishra Shantanu , Righetti Luca , Rossmannek Max , Tavernelli Ivano , Anderson Harry , Gross Leo
Published: March 2023

Cyclocarbons are rings of carbon atoms, often formed as gas-phase carbon clusters. The only cyclocarbons yet to be well characterized are C10 and C18, which are doubly aromatic with 4n+2 carbon atoms (where n is an integer), resulting in enhanced thermodynamic stability. Cyclocarbons with 4n atoms have been predicted to be less stable and doubly anti-aromatic. Here we report the first structural characterization of such a cyclocarbon, C16, generated from C16(CO)4Br2 on a NaCl surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) provide insight into the geometry and electronic structure, respectively, of neutral C16 and anionic C16–. We find that neutral C16 is circular, with significant bond-length alternation. This geometry confirms that it has an anti-aromatic ground state.
The Activity of Fire-Fighting Educational Institutions in the Baikal Region in 1991–1992
Authors:   East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Vasiliev M. A.
Published: March 2023

The subject of the research of the scientific article is the peculiarities of the activities of educational institutions of fire protection of the Baikal region in 1991–1992. A brief analysis of the development and transformation of the educational and educational work of the command and teaching staff of the structural training units of the Irkutsk Fire School and the Irkutsk branch of the Higher Engineering Fire Technical School is given. The role and list of staff of the command and teaching staff who carried out educational and educational work with cadets and trainees during the period of activity of educational institutions are indicated.
Questions of History of the Higher Education and Scientific Heritage of Scientists in Works of Professor V. N. Kazarin. To the 65 Anniversaries Since Birth
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Kuras L. V.
Published: March 2023

Article is devoted to the analysis of works of the Dr. Sciences (History), professor V. N. Kazarin. The conclusion is drawn on value of scientific and educational and methodical works of V. N. Kazarin in modern social and humanitarian knowledge of noted subject.
Humanitarian cooperation in the CIS: Content and institutions
Authors: Bakhlova O. V. , Bakhlov I. V.
Published: March 2023

The article examines achievements and problematic issues in the field of humanitarian cooperation within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The authors focus on the areas of interaction determined by factors of the internal and external environment in the context of modern challenges and threats. The article describes the regulatory framework and institutional mechanisms for the implementation of humanitarian cooperation. The positions of a number of CIS countries distancing themselves from joint events are shown. The interrelation of all directions and spheres in the general course of integration processes in the Commonwealth region is emphasized.
Sex Determination of Sea Cucumber Acaudina rosettis from Madura Straits, Indonesia
Authors: Winarni Dwi , Lestari Lita I.D. , Hayati Alfiah , Nabilla Nithasya , Khaleyla Firas
Published: March 2023

Acaudina rosettis is one of the commercial sea cucumber species that is widely consumed on the east coast of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Although its abundance in nature has begun to show signs of decreasing, studies on this species are still very limited. This study aimed to examine indicators that can be used to determine the sex of A. rosettis individuals. Acaudina rosettis samples were collected from Madura strait in the mid of Hijri month for three months. The sea cucumber samples were then dissected. Body wall without viscera and gonads was weighed. The gonads were then characterized macroscopically and microscopically, prepared into histological slides with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that A. rosettis samples could be classified into three sex groups based on the type of gamete cells observed in the tubules; male (spermatogenic), female (oogenic), and undetermined sex (no gamete cells found). Gonads had three colors; yellow, pink, and orange and were in five stages of reproductive phase; gametogenesis (G), mature (M), spawning (S), and post-spawning (PS). Male samples had yellow and orange gonads, female samples were pink and orange, and all undetermined sex were orange. The G gonads were yellow and orange, M were yellow and pink, while S and PS were orange. Body wall and gonad weight at the same reproductive phase did not show any difference between males and females. Based on the results, gonad color can be used as an indicator of sex determination, but only in G and M reproductive phases.
The Role of Gender and Generations in Moderating the Effect of Work-life Balance on Employee Engagement. (c2022)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Sabeh Reem
Published: March 2023

Work-Life balance and employee engagement are regarded as strong factors that promote organizational growth and success. An imbalance between work and family responsibilities will have a negative impact on employee engagement. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Work-Life balance on employee engagement in the MENA region. In addition, this study also focuses on examining the moderating role of generations and gender on the relationship between Work-Life balance and employee engagement. In this study, data was gathered using quantitative analysis. Surveys were distributed to participants all around the MENA region. Employees having full-time jobs and working in different sectors were chosen as a sample for this study. The data of 508 participants were obtained and analyzed using SPSS statistical software to investigate the relationship between the different variables. The findings of this study examined by the researcher supported the first and second hypotheses (H1) and (H2) : there is a positive relationship between work-life balance and employee engagement. Gender moderates the relationship between work-life balance and employee engagement (H2). In addition, the results of this study didn’t support (H3) which states that generations is not a moderator in the relationship between work-life balance and employee engagement. Finally, this study recommends future research to tack such as adopting work-life balance programs and practices into their culture to increase employee engagement and promote growth.
Social Comparison Theory. (c2023)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Hamdan Sahar
Published: March 2023

This study uses social comparison theory and concepts of self-evaluation to study the relation between Instagram’s “fitspiration” posts and viewers’ motivation to improve their lifestyle or to exercise and viewer’s self-esteem and body satisfaction. A cross-sectional survey was distributed on a sample of young Instagram users between the ages of 18-25. The participants answered questions that inform us about their frequency of Instagram use and fitspiration content consumption, their intention to exercise based on the Exercise Motivation Index (EMI2, Markland & Psychol, 1999), their tendency to compare their appearance, and self-esteem using the State Appearance Self-Esteem Scale (SSES, Heatherton & Polivy, 1991), their levels of body satisfaction using the Body Image State Scale (BISS, Cash et al. 2002). In line with previous studies, this study showed a positive relationship between fitspiration consumption and motivation and a negative one between fitspiration consumption and self-esteem and body satisfaction. These relations were found to be mediated by social comparison tendency. Moreover, the study asserted that different types of fitspiration are associated with each studied trait differently. This study adds to the existing literature on social media, especially in the Middle East, with contributions to the application of the social comparison theory. With the scarce research in this region, this study fills the gap of knowledge about the psychological correlations that Instagram consumption may have on young Lebanese users. The significance of this study lies in the understanding of the dimensions that the social comparison tendency may have on users’ confidence and motivation levels and raises awareness on the association between Instagram use and body image and eating disorders. It also adds to existing research on social comparison tendency giving it newly found data with a local scope of Lebanon during the turmoil of crisis that the citizens are going through.
A Multi-Omic Characterization of Multiple Oncogenic Interactions and its Therapeutics in Invasive Breast Carcinoma applying Bioinformatics Tools. (c2022)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Bou Daher Sarkis
Published: March 2023

Invasive Breast Carcinoma is a complex heterogeneous disease in terms of diagnosis, clinical course, and pathology categorization. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorization does include more than a dozen variants, that are less prevalent, but are nonetheless extremely well described. In order to administer the appropriate therapy for each tumor, and to move from large, randomized research to a targeted one, it is crucial to understand the cancer type. This has now been made easier thanks to bioinformatics, the massive amounts of data produced, and the availability of tools to evaluate, understand, and then use this data in cancer therapy approaches. In this study, 12 genes associated with invasive breast carcinoma were mined in the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics platform. Data was analyzed via bioinformatic tools such as Cytoscape, and MutationTaster. Further analysis regarding the oncogenic status of detected mutations allowed us to predict drugs that can be used in targeted treatment.TP53 was found to have the highest alteration percentage followed by ERBB2 and CDH1. Most of the gene combinations were co-occurrent with couple of mutually exclusive ones. The overall survival rate for patients harboring our 12 studied genes was lower than the unaltered group. Our study seeks to provide novel insights into invasive breast carcinoma’s mutational signature, which would help improve therapeutic approaches, chemoresistance, autophagy, as well as the pathways disrupted in breast cancer.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND HIRSHFELD SURFACE ANALYSIS OF SOME THIOSEMICARBAZONES CONTAINING A FIVE-MEMBERED RING
Authors: Ozturk I.I.
Published: March 2023

Thiosemicarbazones, which are multidentate ligands, are considered as one of the most important classes of organic compounds due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological effects and their ability to coordinate easily with metal ions. Four thiosemicarbazones, furan-2-carbaldehyde-N-methyl thiosemicarbazone (Hfmtsc), thiophene-2-acetaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Hattsc), thiophene-2-acetaldehyde-N-methyl thiosemicarbazone (Hatmtsc) and thiophene-2-acetaldehyde-N-ethyl thiosemicarbazone (Hatetsc) were successfully prepared via condensation reaction using substituted aldehyde and (un)substituted thiosemicarbazides. They were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, FT-IR, UV-Visible, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure of them was determined by using single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Intermolecular interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Molecular structure of compounds was stabilized by N-H…S, C-H…S, N-H…O and C-H…O interactions. In each compounds, the molecules are connected into (8) dimers via pairs of N-H…S interactions.
Halal Tourism Industry for The Micro Economy in Gorontalo: Potential, Opportunity and Challenges
Authors: Perdana Dian Adi , Tomayahu Moh Hidayat , Kaaba Titin S.
Published: March 2023

This research is to analyze and examine the prospects, potentials and obstacles to the development of halal tourism to build a micro-economy in Gorontalo. This research is a field research, with qualitative analysis, which is descriptive. The data sources in this study are primary data and secondary data. Techniques for taking the subject of this research are interviews, observation and documentation. The data obtained, processed so as to obtain the final conclusion. The results of this study are tourism marketing strategies throughout Gorontalo Province have not been running well and in accordance with the wishes of tourist visitors because there are still many obstacles that need to be resolved. SWOT analysis is diversification, meaning that tourism in Gorontalo Province Cultural tourism and nature tourism are in prime condition but there are threats that need to be anticipated. The strength and threat factors are greater than the weaknesses and opportunities and other factors. Therefore, it is a profitable position and must be watched out for, the manager has good strength and there are threats from external or competitors for halal tourism in other provinces in Indonesia, so that the manager can utilize the internal strengths of the tours they have to the maximum and management parties also need to implement strategies that can minimize external threats, by making policies, forming an implementing team and a supervisory team to support tourism in Gorontalo Province to become visitor-friendly halal tourism.
SUDANESE TRANSIT 2019-2022. FROM AL-BASHIR’S DICTATORSHIP TO AL-BURHAN’S DICTATORSHIP?
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Seregichev Sergei Yu.
Published: March 2023

On April 11, 2019, the army forced the resignation of President Omar al-Bashir in Sudan. The reason for that was the incessant many months of people’s uprisings. The resignation of al-Bashir did not satisfy the demonstrators and they began to demand the dismantling of the entire regime. In response, the army elite created the Transitional Military Council (TMC) to govern the country and tried to pacify the protesters by force. Under strong pressure from the international community and the Sudanese street, the army compromised with the civilian opposition. In Sudan, a transitional period to democratic rule was proclaimed and a civil-military Sovereign Council was established to replace the TMC. A transitional government headed by Abdullah Hamdok was soon formed. The country began to take measures for improving the economy and the socio-political system. However, the reforms of the Transitional Government threatened to undermine the economic and political position of the military in Sudan. On October 25, 2021, the head of the Sovereign Council, General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, carried out a coup d’état, removing civilian politicians from power. The coup was condemned by leading Western countries, which froze their aid programs to Sudan. In Khartoum and other major cities of Sudan, a mass protest movement has again unfolded under the slogan “No to negotiations, compromise and partnership with the army”
CONSTRUCTING THE IMAGE OF I.V. STALIN IN BIOGRAPHICAL ESSAYS ABOUT V.I. LENIN (1924-1956)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Morozov Dmitrii V.
Published: March 2023

The author of this article considers the formation and development of the image of I.V. Stalin in biographical essays about V.I. Lenin and published in the period from 1924 to 1956. That is the time stages of this process and the tools used by the authors of the texts to construct the image of I.V. Stalin. The process of “Stalinization” and “de-Stalinization” of biographies can be divided into three stages. The late 1920s – early 1930s are characterized by a quantitative increase in the number of mentions of the leader in texts. The second half of the 1930s reflects a qualitative change in the image of I.V. Stalin, in which he turns from a simple comrade-in-arms of V.I. Lenin into a figure of global historical scale. The heir of V.I. Lenin begins to manifest himself as a separate historical figure who copies personal qualities from his teacher, performs tasks of a historical nature and creatively develops the ideas of MarxismLeninism. The last biography of the period under consideration, published in 1955, in turn, testifies to the process of latent “de-Stalinization” of biographies of V.I. Lenin, in which I.V. Stalin, though having not yet become an object of criticism, he loses many of his personal qualities and once again acts as an ordinary comrade-in-arms of V.I. Lenin.
Preferencias“Somos ecuatorianos, somos infelices, somos indios i pleno derecho tenemos de la protección”: prácticas populares de propiedad y justicia en la provincia de Loja entre 1925-1945
Authors: González Ángel
Published: March 2023

El artículo estudia cómo la población indígena de Loja diseñó y aplicó una serie de herramientas jurídicas para redefinir el régimen de propiedad de la tiera. Esto fue posible porque la revolución Juliana permitió la revitalización de recursos jurídicos provenientes de una tradición radical del Derecho. Esto permitió la definición de un pluralismo reconocido dentro del orden jurídico ecuatoriano, con una especial actoría de los sectores populares, que fue reivindicado durante la revolución Gloriosa de 1944.
Apuntes a propósito de La aleación inestable
Authors: Clark Kim
Published: March 2023

s. r.
Dominación, rebeldía, negociación y transformación
Authors: Ospina Peralta Pablo
Published: March 2023

s. r.
Decision Analysis to Determine Best Alternatives to Develop a New Discovery “R Field”
Authors: Sarwono A.W
Published: March 2023

In Indonesia, oil, gas, and coal are the largest main sources of energy. The oil and gas upstream industry has the considerable responsibility to supply such sources by the production of oil and gas. PERTAMINA, as the largest energy company in the country, has several upstream subsidiaries including PERTAMINA EP which is the company tasked with the sourcing of oil and gas. PERTAMINA EP in Zone 7 is short of gas supply for buyers in the area, not withstanding exploration activities in R field which in 2019 discovered proven potential gas layers and one potential oil layer. This discovery was expected to fulfill the energy demand in the area, however since discovery in 2019 there has been no development activity in the field and this has become an issue to be resolved. The objective of this paper is to determine the root cause of the undeveloped potential in R field and generate a decision analysis to determine the best alternative to be implemented in R field. Several methods were used to determine the root cause, generate alternatives, and define the solution. The research followed a six-step problem solving process. It started with the SWOT Analysis to define the business situational analysis and the Kepner-Tregoe Method to determine the root cause of the problem. It was then followed by Value Focused Thinking method to determine the desired goals. Brainstorming sessions to provide the alternatives were also conducted. The alternatives were then validated using reservoir dynamic simulation model and forecasted. The SMART Method and economical parameter comparison using PSC Model was applied to select the best solution. From brainstorming, 9 alternatives were generated, which after filtering by the SMART method resulted in 4 best alternatives. 1 do-nothing scenario, 2 oil layer development scenario, and 1 gas development scenario. From profitability parameter calculations using PSC model only 1 scenario met the definition for a profitable scenario: to develop the oil layer using only the existing well without additional drilling. It is this scenario that will be recommended to be implemented in R field. Instead of developing the discovered gas layer in this new field, the oil layer should be developed for better profitability and higher feasibility of implementation. This conclusion is a product of a comprehensive approach from subsurface considerations to surface facility study and economic considerations (profitability) which should have been conducted earlier at the end of exploration phase. R field which was initially identified as a gas discovery field is shown to bring higher profit for the company by developing the oil layer.
Company Cost Estimate Method, Performance and Benchmark Toward Industry Practice and International Guidelines in Contract Sourcing
Authors: Indrawan E.
Published: March 2023

Oil and Gas Companies consistently strive to maximize production to maintain revenue and to continue to lower operating costs regardless of the actual oil price. Cost estimates play an important part in managing Company expenditures, therefore there must be good accuracy in cost estimates. Company cost estimates in contract sourcing and operating expenditure (OPEX) budgets are described. Three different methods of escalated historical data, market intelligence, and should-cost model are described and their key factors identified. The cost estimates are benchmarked to Industry Practices of Independent Project Analysis (IPA) research results, International Guideline of Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering (AACE) and the Guild of Project Control (GPC) as well as the Company’s own business performance at bid or tender phases. The cost estimate comparison between Engineering Estimate vs Approved Contract Value in contract sourcing and Detailed vs Non-Detailed Budget Review process in OPEX is graphically presented in timeline history and total estimated cost savings is measured. Company cost accuracy performance in contract sourcing for 2020-Q4 and 2021-Q1 to Q3 was 13.9%, 11.3%, 5.5% and 5.6% respectively with no fail tender performance in the procurement process. The corresponding managed budget was X, 38X, 14X & 72X respectively with total estimated cost saving of 7% for the total managed budget. A cost accuracy of 5-6% is well within Company performance, industry practice, and International Guidelines. Such performance strongly supports Company business performance in the current oil and gas industry business environment. Using a Detailed Budget Review process, more than 90% of the OPEX budget was reviewed, taking into consideration the actual contract status, the nature of the contract and the current contract price for the main budget items. The escalation rates in the Detailed Budget Review for 2021 to 2023 were 0.7%, 1.7%, and 1.0% while for the Non-Detailed Budget Review the escalation rates were 4.5%, 5.0%, and 4.3% respectively. The corresponding managed budget was X, 0.97X, and 0.91X respectively with total estimated cost savings of 3.3% for the total managed budget.
Driving Tangguh’s First Turbidite Reservoir Development Through New Well Data Integration
Authors: Prabowo A.R
Published: March 2023

The Tangguh JV has been producing gas from Bintuni Bay since 2009 from Jurassic Marginal Marine reservoir. The secondary reservoir in Tangguh is the Paleocene Deepwater Turbidite mainly present in Wiriagar Deep (WD) field. This reservoir has been extensively studied but due its complexity and poorer quality compared to the Jurassic, development of this reservoir was not prioritized at first. Poor seismic quality due to karstified overburden made it difficult to image. Evaluation is heavily derived by geology data resulted in robust subregional understanding. The WD Paleocene field consists of four zones, each zone has different Architectural Elements and characteristics including its reservoir quality (Mardani & Butterworth, 2016). It represents classic deepwater turbidite basin evolution, where at the bottom it has deepwater lobes reservoir, then evolves to slope channels overlying it. And lastly covered by shelf and clinoform channel at the top. Slope channel interval is the main development target in the Paleocene reservoir. To inform the best development scenario the subregional understanding needs to be improved. Five development wells targeting Jurassic reservoir closely spaced to each other were drilled in offshore part WD field during 2019-2020. It gave important data for appraising the Paleocene reservoir. Detailed Reservoir Depositional Environment (RDE) map were generated to give guidance in placing the future wells. This RDE map shows where is the on axis, off axis and margin of the slope channel. Integrating subregional understanding with evaluation of this latest data, continued with cellular reservoir model building, and finalized with reservoir simulation, informing the optimum development scenario for the first turbidite reservoir development in Tangguh. Two wells will be drilled in 2022 as part of this program. This development will be a steppingstone to evaluate reservoir performance before expanding the development to onshore and unlock the WD Paleocene field’s full potential.
Virtual Rate Estimation Using Machine Learning for ESP Problems Identification
Authors: Wibawa R.A.
Published: March 2023

Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) have been widely used in Sumatera Light Oil (SLO) operation units with more than 2500 production wells. Approximately 1200 wells are equipped with online devices that measure dynamic parameters such as ampere and voltage. Gross production data is required to analyze ESP performance and make production optimization decisions. However, the production data is obtained by acquiring fluid rate tests, which have a limited frequency of around once a month. Therefore, only relying on actual fluid rate measurement would lead to late actions, which cause the decisions to be sub-optimized. This paper demonstrates a Machine Learning (ML) approach to providing a virtual daily gross production rate using real-time ESP measurement and pumps information. In addition, the paper also describes the practical utilization of virtual tests to detect ESP problems. By using Random Forest (RF) as a final model, the Coefficient of Determination (R2) on the blind test is 0.98, and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) is 10%. The response time, which is a required time to replace the pump since it starts to deteriorate, became extremely faster, from 45 to 25 days. Finally, based on the calculation after one year of implementation, the financial benefit is equivalent to USD 1.5MM approximately.
Enhance Well Mean Time to Failure By Implementing Continuous Batch Chemical Injection Treatment in Wells With High Frequent Failures
Authors: Issaei H.S.A.
Published: March 2023

The most typical failures for the wells located in our field in southern part in Oman occurred due to rod parted and tubing leak which caused mainly by the attendance of high corrosion rate as result of high concentration of H2S, CO2, fluid temperature and high water cut. The lifetime of some of the wells is less than three months which required hoist intervention about four to five times per year with very high oil deferment every year. Corrosion inhibitor project was the treatment applied to those wells after implementing many other solutions like revise the well design and change the type of the rod. The corrosion inhibitor system consists of a capillary string attached to the production tubing and inject continuously corrosion inhibitor using electric chemical skid unit on the surface, controlling the doses according to the specific flow rate per well, and improve continuous rod life by extending MTTF. The trial of corrosion inhibitor treatment started was on 2019 and due to the significant achievement of success, the project is extended to cover more than 20 active wells currently. The next plan is to extend the treatment to be used in more wells suffering from corrosion issues and to improve the project to minimize the corrosion system cost by using one bigger surface skid for group of wells located in the same area.
Implementation of Unique Eccentric Reamer Tool to Improve Pull Out of Hole Time and Casing Running Through Borehole Conditioning: A Case Study in Onshore Drilling West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Restyanto A.
Published: March 2023

Advances in drilling equipment, drill bit design and PDC cutter technology have resulted in significant time savings through increases in penetration rate and the entire hole section being completed in a single bit run. However, the wellbore condition has become an important consideration as the time spent to improve the quality of the wellbore to facilitate tripping and running casing is increased. The paper discusses a case study in the Jatiasri and Akasia Bagus fields, West Java, Indonesia where both the 17 ½-in. and 12 ¼-in. hole sections are considered challenging. Pipe stall, overpull, stuck pipe, and tight spots are typically experienced both during drilling and tripping, resulting in difficult trip-out and subsequent trip-in with casing. Those two case studies describe the phenomena of poor bore hole condition, which is related to micro-doglegs or tight hole issues. A unique bi-directional eccentric reamer tool called dogleg reamer (DLR) was introduced to help improve the wellbore quality. The tool removes or smooths out irregularities in the wellbore geometry during drilling and reaming operations. The runs results showed significant time saving in pulling out of hole by 38 to 91% in the 12 ¼-in. section and 20 to 57% faster in the 17 ½-in. section compared to the offset runs. In addition, wiper trips can be eliminated or greatly reduced, and casing speed is also improved. The casing shoe was also set or landed close to the designated depth, eliminating the need for dedicated cleanout runs. For more than 17 runs, the performance showed consistency in time savings while reducing the potential for stuck pipe, string stall and tight spots. This dogleg reamer has added a new capability for drilling improvement and optimization through borehole conditioning, reducing both non-productive time and interval costs.
Analysis of Rock Permeability Variation and Sulfonated Surfactant Concentration in The Oil Recovery By Imbibition and Coreflooding Test in High-Temperature and Waxy Reservoirs
Authors: Rendragraha Y.D.
Published: March 2023

Oil production of the mature field in Indonesia is decreasing sharply with one of the efforts to increase oil recovery by implementing Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods. EOR techniques have been used to minimize the amount of crude oil and petroleum that is left behind in underground reservoirs from conventional extraction methods. One of the proven EOR methods is surfactant flooding. The effectivity of surfactant flooding is influenced by various parameters. Rock permeability and the concentration of surfactant are some of the parameters affecting the oil recovery factor. Rock permeability could affect the effectiveness of surfactant injection performance in the reservoir. The surfactant concentration determination for the slug injection in the reservoir will give an optimum oil recovery by creating a low interfacial tension and microemulsion phase in the high-temperature and waxy reservoir. In this study, an imbibition and core flooding experiment were conducted in the laboratory to determine the optimum surfactant concentration to increase oil recovery with variations in rock permeability for a high temperature and waxy reservoir. In this experiment, sandstone with a permeability range of 5,000-10,000 mD was used with a synthetic brine solution (salinity of 18,000 ppm) that removes scale levels to control the precipitation problem. From the results, the imbibition using only synthetic brine gave only 40% oil recovery, while imbibition using surfactant X#3 solution produced 80% oil recovery. The core flooding experiment at a surfactant concentration of 0.8% with rock permeability of 6,000 mD and 10,000 mD gave the optimum recovery compared with using 0.6% and 1% surfactant concentration. The results gained from coreflooding experiments were 80% RF in 6,000 mD rock samples and 70% RF in 10,000 mD rock samples. In conclusion, surfactant injection using 0.8% concentration into 6,000 mD reservoir layer gave the optimum injection scenario into this reservoir.
Customized HPWBM Using Dual Brine System to Provide Wellbore Stability in Exploration North Madura Offshore Indonesia
Authors: Samudra M.G.
Published: March 2023

The Water-Based Mud (WBM) system was planned to be used in drilling at Offshore North Madura, Indonesia. However, a review of offset wells found they experienced issues while drilling and running the casing. Designing a proper WBM is the key to successfully drill into problematic clay. This paper shares the optimization done by using a combination brine in High-Performance Water Based Mud (HPWBM) to minimize the potential risk of time dependent shale in the North Madura area. A series of shale reactivity and WBM performance tests such as CEC, CST, Shale Erosion Test, Shale Accretion Test, Swelling Test, and Lubricity Test were performed using the representative cutting samples from the offset wells. The testing used a combination of KCl & NaCl and a single NaCl, with an inhibitor combination added of polyamine, encapsulation, and non-ionic polymer blended with glycol to give the optimum results. This fully formulated HPWBM to provide the most effective inhibition and lubrication was tested and evaluated prior to drill the exploration campaign. The HPWBM with dual brine combination was successfully implemented in the well. The formulation facilitated the execution of the exploration well and provided good penetration rate, wellbore stability, and lubricity. There was an unexpected occurrence whereby the Driller Cyber System malfunctioned, causing the draw works to be unable to move and stay in the same position which suspended operation for 96 hours. However, the mud system proved to be stable during the troubleshooting of this problem. There was no issue related to the mud system during the drilling and casing job. The cementing job proceeded smoothly with no excessive cement required which meant that the well was still within acceptable hole-gauge range. No Non-Productive Time (NPT) was recorded related to the mud execution. By executing the HPWBM properly, the company saved around 7% of the planned mud cost to drill the section, from a reduced system maintenance of the HPWBM which required less dilution compared to a regular WBM. This paper shares the novel approach of using a brine combination formulation in designing the HPWBM system to provide a better result than the previously formulated WBM.
A Comprehensive and Systematic Reservoir Performance Prediction Workflow in Tangguh Ubadari Field, Delivering a Confidence in Unlocking Resource Progression and Prediction Forecast
Authors: Dewanto A.
Published: March 2023

Tangguh Field is located in Bintuni Bay, Papua Barat Province, Indonesia. Tangguh development was commenced following successful exploration program in 1990s. Tangguh has been on production since 2009 through development of 2 LNG trains (Kasim, Titus, Roberts, & Bulling, 2000). Tangguh integrated full field development includes the third LNG train S/U 2023, and development of Ubadari Field and Vorwata EGR/CCUS which Plan of Development (POD) was approved by Government of Indonesia (GoI) in August 2021. Decision to develop Ubadari field is based upon successful drilling of Uba Deep-1 appraisal well in 2018, which supports larger resources in Lower Roabiba reservoir. Ubadari development will be able to mitigate the risk of production shortfall ca 2025 once Tangguh major fields start to decline, as well as to contribute on meeting Indonesia’s growing energy demand. Ubadari development will open opportunity to develop some marginal economic prospects in Western Berau area. The selected development scenario consists of two offshore platforms with five wells, and one export pipeline. Gas from Ubadari Field will be produced directly to Train-3 Onshore Receiving Facilities (ORF) through a new offshore pipeline and tie-in connection to Tangguh fence. To date, there is no production from Ubadari Field, therefore predicting reservoir performance considering subsurface uncertainties is very critical to underpin the development plan. A bp’s proprietary Top Down Reservoir Modelling (TDRMTM) tool-based workflow has been successfully implemented. The workflow considers ranges of reservoir descriptions from limited static data and short Drill Stem Test (DST)/pressure data from exploration/appraisal wells, along with some global analog data, to underpin the evaluation of the system energy, driving mechanism, reservoir connectivity and drainage to predict reservoir performance. The workflow has enabled robust resource progression and development planning, particularly associated with the well count and location, with healthy exploration of subsurface uncertainties.
Success Story of Mature Field, “Ibu” Field, in Managing and Maintaining Excellent Production Performance, PT. Pertamina Hulu Rokan-WK Rokan
Authors: Marawi F.A.
Published: March 2023

“Ibu” field is one of mature primary field located in Wilayah Kerja (WK) Rokan, PT. Pertamina Hulu Rokan. First oil flowed in 1976 and reached peak production in 1983 with 9600 BO. Strategy production comingled with simple ESP completions. Current cumulative oil production was 34.7 MMSTB with RF ~19%. Since March 2018 to June 2021, no active drilling campaign due to reach End of Concession and found significant decline production first year after no drilling campaign. Historically, Well-by-Well review was commonly used and rarely considering Full-field perspective for field analysis. This workflow gives inconsistencies in identifying problems and potentials for Work-Over (WO), therefore often resulting in un-clear strategy for reservoir management of the field. In 2019, the team initiated a different way of reviewing and identifying WO potentials from well basis to full-field basis resulting more robust review and WO candidacy. Go-forward Full-Field basis review method was compensating complex of stratigraphy play and structural framework leading to WO focus reviews into 5 regions. Integrated study has been done by conducting connectivity analysis, High Resolution Stratigraphy, Current Oil Water Contact (COWC), and integrated reservoir production strategy plan. Significant results can be seen by looking at several deliveries: > 20 candidates in 1 cycle review, success ratio WO increases to 60%, average WO gain performance ~ 86 BOPD/Well, and incremental oil gain to date is ~192 MBO. Field performance significantly maintained by shown inclining performance to -6,46% (2019-2020) compared to 2018 performance (decline 72%). This effort is beneficial for further field development to enhance strategy of reservoir management e.g., WO potential, New Zone Behind Pipe, fracturing, and future infill/development well candidates. By having to use all available data and resources to do integrated subsurface and engineering analysis and review process, the overall outcome provide an excellent optimization strategy for the complex stratigraphy play field such as “Ibu” Field. This workflow should be applied for other mature field to economically extend life of this complex field, achieve high recovery, and maintain production decline.
Reactivation and Upgrading Gas Plant That Has Been Shut Down for 10 Years
Authors: Fadilah H.
Published: March 2023

Jindi South Jambi B Co. Limited (JSJB) as the new operator for South Jambi B Block in Jambi, Indonesia intends to reproduce the existing gas field in the north area of the block, as well as the existing gas plant, Teluk Rendah Gas Plant (TRGP). To increase gas sales volume, JSJB also produces a new field, Hari Field. The main focus and the biggest challenge of this work is of course the reactivation of TRGP that is a gas plant with low CO2 characteristic with a maximum sales gas capacity is 30 MMscfd. TRGP last operated in 2010. TRGP reactivation is carried out for all existing equipment and systems, including piping, pipeline, static and rotating equipment, electrical and instrumentation devices, control systems, data and telecommunication, building and infrastructure, etc. Technically, the major challenges faced are the need to upgrade the obsolete system and software, uncertainty in the performance and physical condition of equipment, also adjustments of new operating philosophy and equipment parameters because the gas plant will be operated in the lower normal operating flowrate than before and with a different gas composition that gas from Hari Field has CO2 content of above 5% (maximum sales gas specification). So that in this reactivation project an upgrading work of the gas plant also carried out by adding CO2 removal unit. From non-technical perspective, the challenge is to get the most efficient and economic project cost due to too many uncertainty factors. Another thing that is very important for the success of this project is the health aspect because this work was carried out during the covid-19 pandemic condition. This project was carried out using good project management, until finally the north area of the South Jambi B block was able to reproduce with an initial gas volume of ± 2 MMscfd in June 2021 and increased to ± 7 MMscfd after installation of CO2 removal in December 2021. This is intended to share the knowledge and experience from the reactivation work of gas plant that has been shut down for a long time, with the hope of providing additional references for oil and gas practitioners who have the same cases.
Implementation Technology Solution for Real-Time Production and Facility Monitoring
Authors: Wiyadi R.M
Published: March 2023

Fast transformation and data digitalization navigate companies in the industry to promptly comply with the new technologies. Digital electronics through Internet of things (IoT) become essential to enable measurement in real-time for production and facility monitoring. This paper offers a solution to integrate database and real-time data streaming technology to record sensors in placed in the production and platform facility and visualize it through dashboard application. The system focuses on monitoring sensor tags of flow rate, pressure, temperature, and well head properties and enable an alert mechanism to the operator when a parameter closes to the minimum threshold. This new concept development could be beneficial as it will create an alternative solution to build an integrated platform in process engineering data with dedicated database and web-based application. It enables access both real-time and historical well performance and facilities information in a customized monitoring system without additional costs. facilities are in both offshore and onshore. Each location has utilized the latest technology to accommodate fast and reliable data communication environment for the engineer in differ locations. Under this current setup, the engineer team applied a closed-loop system which led to limited access only for assigned team. In addition, a silo-ed database and data communication can be a long-time issue along with complexity in data mapping and data arrangement within database (Cheung et al, 2015). The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how a technology solution can be developed to gain access and reliable data communication in real-time for production and facilities sensor data with an integrated system to a real-time monitoring that is cost-efficient and scalable.