bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ULUSLARARASI TURİZM GELİRLERİ, DIŞ TİCARET VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: Yağış Onur
Published: April 2024

Dünya ekonomilerine etkileri bakımından turizm faaliyetlerine verilen önem giderek artmaktadır. Turizm birçok ülkede milli gelirin artmasına ve yeni iş alanlarının ortaya çıkmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın gerçekleştirilebilmesi için ülkelerin uluslararası turizme verdikleri destek her geçen gün artmaktadır. Ülkelerin ihtiyaç duyduğu döviz turizm sektörü ile karşılanabilmektedir. Bu dövizler mal ve hizmet üretimine, ödemeler dengesi açıklarının kapatılmasına, ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın sağlanmasına önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası turizm gelirleri ve dış ticaretin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini G-20 üyesi ülkeler için dinamik panel veri analizi yöntemiyle incelemektir. Çalışma kapsamında G-20 üyesi ülkeler ele alınarak 2007-2019 dönemi için dinamik panel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analiz kapsamında, sabit etkiler modeli, GMM, GMM robust, sistem GMM ve sistem GMM robust (dirençli hata) tahmincileri kullanılarak tahmin gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, uluslararası turizm gelirleri, dış ticaret ve toplam işgücünün ekonomik büyümeyi istatistiksel olarak pozitif ve anlamlı yönde etkilediği bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.
İLKOKUL DÖRDÜNCÜ SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SINAVLARA DAİR DÜŞÜNCELERİ
Authors: Kuru Oğuzhan , Taş Fatma
Published: April 2024

Bu araştırmada ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin sınavlara dair görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilkokul dördüncü sınıfta yapılan sınavlara dair öğrencilerin görüşleri alınarak bu duruma ilişkin tespitler yapmaktır. Görüşleri tespit etmek amacıyla nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim çalışması tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında Kahramanmaraş İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı ilkokullarda öğrenim gören dördüncü sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubu uygun örnekleme ile belirlenmiş 77 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma veri toplama tekniklerinden yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucu elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde nitel veri analiz tekniklerinden içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre; ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencileri çoğunlukla sınavlara dair olumlu görüşler belirtmiş olup; sınavların yapılması gerektiğini, sınavlar sayesinde seviyelerini öğrendiklerini, dersi daha iyi anladıklarını, başarılarının arttığını, geleceğe (ortaokula) hazırlandıklarını ifade etmişlerdir.
AFANTİ ASLINDA NASRETTİN HOCA MIDIR?
Authors: Işık Salih , Yalçınkaya Elvan
Published: April 2024

Fıkralar gündelik hayatımızda bazen gülmek, bazen karşımızdakini düşündürmek, bazen de eleştirmek için başvurduğumuz sözlü kültür geleneğimizin bir ürünüdür. Türkiye’de fıkra denince akla ilk gelen kişi Nasrettin Hoca’dır. Halk tarafından çok sevilen Nasrettin Hoca, Türk kültürünün ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Milletler Nasrettin Hoca’yı benimsemiş ve kendilerine mal etmişlerdir. Uygurlar arasında da bulunan Afanti isimli karakter Nasrettin Hoca’ya benzerliği nedeniyle dikkat çekmiştir. Afanti halkın çıkarlarını koruyan, feodal yönetici sınıfa karşı çıkan, emekçi halkı savunan bir karakter olarak halk tarafından sevilmiştir. 1950’lerden sonra Çin’e gelen Afanti, Çin halkı tarafından kabul görmüş ve zamanla fıkraları ülke sınırlarını aşmıştır. Bu çalışmada Nasrettin Hoca’nın kim olduğu ve Türk kültüründeki yeri üzerinde durulmuştur. Uygur karakteri Afanti hakkında yapılan araştırmalardan elde edilen bilgilerden ve nereden geldiğinden bahsedilmiştir. Afanti ve Nasrettin Hoca’nın benzer karakterler olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
GENÇLİK LİDERLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ: MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Perktaş Erkan
Published: April 2024

Toplumların gelişmesinin önemli yapı taşlarından olan genç nüfus aynı zamanda dinamik bir unsur olarak da değerlendirilmektedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, gençlere farklı yetenekler kazandırmak, onları geleceğe hazırlama noktasında oldukça değerlidir. Hal böyle olunca, gençlerdeki liderlik özelliklerinin ortaya çıkarılması, liderlik kapasitelerinin oluşturulması ve geliştirilmesinin önemi iyice artmaktadır. Bu çalışma, yükseköğretim kurumlarının ön lisans programlarında okuyan öğrencilerin gençlik liderlik özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini Adıyaman Üniversitesi, Sani Konukoğlu Sosyal Bilimler MYO ile Besni Ali Erdemoğlu MYO’nda öğrenim gören ön lisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Açıklayıcı araştırma tekniğinden yararlanılan bu çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için kullanılan anket iki bölümden meydana gelmektedir. Birinci bölümde, katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini ortaya koymak amacıyla hazırlanan 8 soru bulunmaktadır. İkinci bölümde ise katılımcıların gençlik liderlik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla Cansoy ve Turan’ın (2016) gençlik liderlik özelliklerini ölçmeye yönelik geliştirmiş oldukları “Gençlik Liderlik Özellikleri Ölçeği: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması” isimli ölçekten faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde SPSS 27.00 programı kullanılmıştır. Bu verilerin geçerliliğini belirlemek için KFA (Keşfedici Faktör Analizi) uygulanmıştır. Bunun yanında güvenilirlik testi, normallik analizi, frekans analizi, tek faktörlü varyans analizi (Anova) ve bağımsız örneklem T Testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları incelendiğinde, demografik değişkenler bakımından ölçeğin alt boyutlarının katılımcıların gençlik liderlik özellikleri üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık oluşturmadığı görülmüştür.
MODERN GAZEL ŞAİRİ OSMAN SARI’NIN “KURŞUN GAZELİ” ÜZERİNE
Authors: Güneş Eyyüp
Published: April 2024

Bu makalede Osman Sarı'nın hayatı, eserleri ve "Kurşun Gazeli" adlı şiiri incelenmiş ve çeşitli açılardan ele alınmıştır. Şiirin temaları, dil ve üslup özellikleri, ses sanatları kullanımı ve gazel formundaki yapısı üzerinde durulmuştur. Şiir, geleneksel Türk edebiyatının önemli bir örneği olarak değerlendirilmiş ve Osman Sarı'nın ustalığı ve duygusal derinliği vurgulanmıştır. Osman Sarı’nın gazeli ile Fuzuli’nin ‘Beni’ redifli gazeli benzerlikler yönünden değerlendirilerek ortak özellikler biçim ve içerik başlıkları ile ortaya konmuştur. Osman Sarı'nın "Kurşun Gazeli" adlı şiiri, bestelenerek büyük ilgi gören bir eserdir. Şiirin derin duygusal içeriği ve etkileyici dili, bir kaç müzisyeni bestelemeye seslendirmeye teşvik etmiştir. Bestelenen versiyonlar genellikle melankolik melodilere sahiptir ve dinleyiciler tarafından büyük bir ilgiyle karşılanmıştır. Bu bestelenmiş eserler, Osman Sarı'nın şiirinin sanatının müzik dünyasındaki etkisini yansıtmaktadır.
Dva životopisy českých historiků husitství: Jaroslav Hrdlička, Historik a diplomat Vlastimil Kybal, Praha 2020; Jaroslav Hrdlička, Historik František Michálek Bartoš, [Chomutov] 2023
Authors: Boukal Jan
Published: April 2024

Book review on Jaroslav Hrdlička, Historik a diplomat Vlastimil Kybal. Karolinum, Praha 2020, 403 s., ISBN 978-80-246-4609-1; Jaroslav Hrdlička, Historik František Michálek Bartoš. L. Marek, [Chomutov] 2023, 432 s., ISBN 978-80-88380-13-9
Martin Nodl – Vladimír Urbánek (edd.), Josef Válka a myšlení o dějinách, Praha 2022
Authors: Boukal Jan
Published: April 2024

Book review on Martin Nodl – Vladimír Urbánek (edd.), Josef Válka a myšlení o dějinách Argo, Praha 2022, 198 s., ISBN 978-80-257-3912-9
Maria-Élizabeth Ducreux, Kultura – zbožnost – symbolická politika. Proměny společnosti ve střední Evropě v 17. a 18. století, Praha 2023
Authors: Brčák Marek
Published: April 2024

Book review on Maria-Élizabeth Ducreux, Kultura – zbožnost – symbolická politika. Proměny společnosti ve střední Evropě v 17. a 18. století. Edd. Ivana Čornejová – Zdeněk Hojda, Karolinum, Praha 2023, 422 s., ISBN 978-246-5114-9
Zkušební komise pro učitelství na středních školách v Praze
Authors: Hlaváč Marek
Published: April 2024

This article describes the legislative and organisational development of examinations of fitness to teach at secondary schools. Such exams were administered to students of universities and technical universities by the Examination Committee for Teaching at Secondary Schools in Prague in 1850–1950. A committee that examined in the Czech language was established in 1871 by splitting from the German-speaking committee. Since 1870, these examinations had to be taken also by candidates wishing to teach at Realschulen (practically oriented secondary schools). In 1911–1948, these examinations had to be taken by university students who wished to teach at any type of a secondary school.
Jan Cinglbauer (ed.), Carmina clericorum: latinské duchovní písně 14. až 15. století ve středoevropském univerzitním a školském prostředí = Sacred Latin Songs from the 14th and 15th Centuries in the Central European University and School Milieu, Chomutov 2020
Authors: Boukal Jan
Published: April 2024

Book review on Jan Cinglbauer (ed.), Carmina clericorum: latinské duchovní písně 14. až 15. století ve středoevropském univerzitním a školském prostředí = Sacred Latin Songs from the 14th and 15th Centuries in the Central European University and School Milieu. L. Marek Publishing, Chomutov 2020, 288 s., ISBN 978-80-87127-99-5
Bohuslav Ečer v období 1. republiky: Cesta od komunistického hnutí k myšlenkám sociální demokracie a prosazování sociologického přístupu k právu
Authors: Beránek Jan
Published: April 2024

The presented paper examines the First Republic activities of Bohuslav Ečer, general of the judicial service, professor of international criminal law and well-known “Nazi hunter”. Ečer’s legal and political activities are examined, as well as his analysis of events on the international scene. Ečer’s political and legal views during the First Republic illustrate his character and personality traits and illuminate his actions during and after World War II.
A comprehensive review of physiological and phytochemical adaptations in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in response to abiotic stress and factors
Authors: Subhdara  , Dhyani Jakhmola Kamla , Panthari Divyansh
Published: April 2024

In the face of contemporary climate change, crops are grappling with stress, leading to reduced production. Understanding the plant's response to environmental stressors is crucial for enhancing its adaptability and optimizing the production of bioactive compounds with therapeutic and industrial significance. Matricaria chamomilla L., commonly known as chamomile, has a rich history of use in traditional medicine owing to its numerous medical benefits. The phytochemistry and physiology of chamomile can be strongly influenced by abiotic factors such as temperature, water availability, salinity, light exposure and nutritional imbalances. These stressors may lead to reduced growth, altered secondary metabolite composition and compromised medicinal properties. The review provides a thorough description of how chamomile responds to abiotic stresses, including heat, salt, salinity and drought. Gaining insights into the effects of abiotic stressors on chamomile is essential for refining cultivation techniques and enhancing the overall quality of herbal products derived from chamomile. Drawing on a compilation of previous research, this review addresses diverse facets that capture the attention of both farmers and researchers. Furthermore, insights gained from this exploration are pivotal for enhancing the quality of chamomile-based herbal products in the face of changing environmental conditions.
The role of clinical and anamnestic data in the primary diagnosis of genital endometrios
Authors: Skapchuk T. V. , Kalinovska I. V.
Published: April 2024

To date, many randomized studies have proven the importance of evaluating clinical and anamnestic data in the initial diagnosis of genital endometriosis. Clinical assessment of “classic” complaints of patients, which are characteristic of genital endometriosis, allows to predict the presence of endometriosis with a high probability, which is an important component of choosing the optimal treatment tactics. Despite a fairly significant number of developed questionnaires for the assessment of endometriosis symptoms, none of them has been widely used among domestic clinicians. Implementation of a diary of symptoms of endometriosis in practice will allow to more carefully assess the general pain of endometriosis, the impact on the patient’s quality of life, and also to evaluate the quality of the chosen method of treatment.
The aim of the study: on the basis of a retrospective analysis of patients’ disease histories, assessment of the presence of clinical and anamnestic data characteristic of genital endometriosis in accordance with the obtained results of pathohistologically confirmed endometriosis.
Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of 160 patient histories. The criteria for selecting patients with genital endometriosis were the presence of the following symptoms: premenstrual pain syndrome, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, the nature of menstrual discharge (brown discharge before and after menstruation), chronic pelvic pain, as well as confirmation, with the help of histopathological examination, of genital endometriosis.
Results. By comparing the obtained data on pain symptoms with the clinical diagnosis made on the basis of histopathological examination, it can be concluded that the symptoms were most likely caused by endometriosis.
Conclusions. Clinical and anamnestic data most characteristic of genital endometriosis were found in 138 (86.25 %) patients, data on the frequency of combination of painful symptoms were as follows: combination of two symptoms in 27.50 % (n = 44), three symptoms in 26.88 % (n = 43), four symptoms in 14.38 % (n = 23) and five studied symptoms in 6.25 % (n = 10), which in turn influenced the choice of the expected volume of surgical intervention and contributed to the establishment of a clinical diagnosis. The description of pain symptoms is quite limited, since the assessment of the characteristic symptoms of genital endometriosis did not include: conducting additional examinations in order to exclude additional causes of functional pain in the pelvis, the description of pain symptoms was incomplete, which, in turn, minimized the assessment of the adverse impact on daily activities, work or the quality of life in general, characteristic of pain symptoms, there is no clear difference between chronic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea, the absence of data regarding the work of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary system, regarding the symptoms of genital endometriosis, which may indicate damage to the above-mentioned departments.
Transformation of adenocarcinoma into small cell lung cancer as one of the mechanisms of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kovalov O. O. , Tolok O. P. , Kovalov K. O.
Published: April 2024

Transformation of adenocarcinoma into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rare and unique biological property of a cancer cell that is responsible for the mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
There are very few clinical observations of phenotypic cellular transformation during metastatic progression of lung cancer in the literature.
The aim of the work is to demonstrate clinical observation of phenotypic transformation of metastatic EGFR-mutated adenocarcinoma into small cell lung cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation during therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Case report. Due to the rarity of this biological phenomenon, we describe our own observation of the transformation of EGFR-mutated metastatic adenocarcinoma into DCLC with neuroendocrine differentiation, which occurred in a 42-year-old woman during treatment with gefitinib.
Conclusions. Transformation and changes in cell phenotype during tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy were the cause of resistance and failure of further treatment with osimertinib in the second line. It was concluded that it is necessary to consider this mechanism of resistance in clinical practice and to perform repeat biopsies during metastatic progression in patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma.
Proliferation activity and hormonal status of atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium
Authors: Savchenko P. V. , Shponka I. S. , Hrytsenko P. O. , Savchenko O. A.
Published: April 2024

Atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium is a precancerous condition for endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, which is the largest group among malignant neoplasms of the uterine body, according to the Cancer Registry, the mortality rate from which took the 3rd place in 2021. The absence of specific clinical manifestations complicates diagnostics at the early stages of the process, which necessitates the study of histological and immunohistochemical criteria to verify the diagnosis.
The aim of the study. To improve the differential diagnostic morphological and immunohistochemical criteria for the diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, using the latest international classification data.
Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 76 cases of postoperative material of women for the period from 2020 to 2022 with a diagnosis of “endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium” – 61 cases and “endometrial hyperplasia with atypia” – 15 included an assessment of histological, immunohistochemical features, followed by statistical processing of the obtained results.
Results. The incidence of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and atypical endometrial hyperplasia occurs in the premenopausal and menopausal periods. The expression level of the Ki-67 marker is directly proportional to the degree of tumor malignancy (p < 0.05). Estrogen receptors decrease as the degree of tumor malignancy increases. Progesterone receptors are equally present in endometrioid adenocarcinomas and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. The necessity of using the Ki-67 marker and determining the hormonal status in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium is argued.
Influence of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular remodeling in hypertensive patients with accompanying type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bohun A. O.
Published: April 2024

Aim. To compare the results of 12-week treatment of patients with stage II hypertension (HTN) with accompanying diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 between the combination of metformin + dapagliflozin and metformin monotherapy by studying changes in the elastic properties of the common carotid arteries (CCA), echocardiographic indicators, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and laboratory parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
Materials and methods. 24 patients with stage II HTN with type 2 DM were involved in the study, the average age was 60.4 years, 50 % – men. Patients in the first group were randomized to receive metformin, and the second group – to receive a combination of metformin and dapagliflozin. At inclusion and after 3 months of treatment, basic anthropometric data, laboratory indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, ABPM, echocardiography, and indicators of CCA local stiffness were studied. Statistical analysis was performed, the probability of differences is at the level of p < 0.05.
Results. In both observation groups, there was a comparable decrease in SCORE 2-Diabetes range, glucose and glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, average daily systolic blood pressure (SBP), daily SBP load, day and night pulse BP, as well as an increase in speed systolic movement of the lateral fibrous ring of the mitral valve (S lat).
Only in the metformin + dapagliflozin group a decrease in the adipose tissue level, the average daily diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the burden of DBP, the size of the left atrium and right ventricle, an increase in the movement speeds of the medial (e’med), lateral (e’lat) ring of the mitral and of the tricuspid (e’tk) valve in the period of early diastolic filling of the ventricles, velocities of systolic movement of the medial fibrous ring of the mitral (S med) and tricuspid (S tk) valves, a decrease in the ratio E/e’, and an improvement in the elastic properties of general carotid arteries were observed.
Conclusions. In persons with HTN stage II with DM type 2 the addition of dapagliflozin to the treatment regimen was associated with better control of blood pressure, improvement of diastolic function and longitudinal contractility of the left ventricle, elastic properties of CCA.
Insights about the deleterious impact of a carbamate pesticide on some metabolic immune and antioxidant functions and a focus on the protective ability of a Saharan shrub and its anti-edematous property
Authors: Khattabi Latifa , Khaldi Taha , Bahri Laid , Mokhtari Mohamed Badreddine , Bouhenna Mustapha Mounir , Temime Asma , Boural Hasna , Bouhedjar Khalid , Hemida Houari , Atoki Ayomide Victor , Messaoudi Mohammed
Published: April 2024

In the Algerian desert, individuals often enjoy a soothing cup of herbal tea made from Ephedra alata Decne before bedtime; this aids in their relaxation. Our previous and earlier investigations demonstrated the richness of the shrub in terms of polyphenols and flavonoids and their effective medicinal properties. In the light of that fact, our interest has been aroused to check for other types of metabolites and for the protective ability of the shrub crude extract (SCE) regarding chemically induced edema and subacute toxicity (following a formalin-induced paw edema model and using a carbamate pesticide “pirimicarb” as a toxic agent, in Wistar male rats, respectively). Evidently, the SCE was used as a preventive agent. Swelling of formalin-injected foot was measured, and the anti-edematous ability was expressed as a percent of paw edema. At the end of induced subacute toxicity procedure, many investigations were carried, namely, checking for biochemical several parameters (hepatic, renal), hematological parameters, oxidative stress status (OSS), and histological examining of liver, spleen, and kidney tissues. The results revealed a remarkable anti-edematous effect. Furthermore, the association of the SCE effect has clearly minimized the OSS, the tissue aberrations, and the disturbance of the other metabolic parameters, along with a reduced immunodepression that was provoked under the effect of pirimicarb. In conclusion, pirimicarb has an important deleterious impact on metabolic and immune functions, and the studied shrub has exhibited an amazing protective potential against chemically induced inflammation and toxicity.
‘Seeking Justice, Not Charity’. Medical Experiment Victims’ Struggle with Purposefully Inadequate Compensation
Authors: Weinberger Ruth Jolanda
Published: April 2024

Germany’s initial Wiedergutmachung process did little good for survivors of Nazi medical experiments who struggled with uniquely devastating circumstances. Unable to navigate the nascent post-war compensation bureaucracy, many were left with shockingly little financial assistance, or none at all. That was even the case for one of the victims, Haim Nahon, who had the leadership of the primary restitution agency personally fighting on his behalf. Despite the focus of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany on communal relief and rehabilitation and not on individual compensation, Nahon’s plight was taken up by Benjamin Ferencz, Saul Kagan and other senior figures involved in Wiedergutmachung. Yet even their direct involvement in early compensation efforts, documented in this article in granular first-person accounts, could do little to help Nahon’s case. Nahon’s failed attempts to obtain “adequate” post-war compensation from Germany’s Ministry of Finance offer an unsettling case study of how willfully limited interpretations of the initial 1951 restitution fund had a lifelong cost for survivors of Nazi medical experiments.
Intrapartum pyrexia, cardiotocography traces and histologic chorioamnionitis: a case-control study
Authors: Barbieri Sara , Fichera Anna , Orabona Rossana , Fratelli Nicola , Odicino Franco E. , Prefumo Federico
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To compare characteristics of labor, cardiotocography traces, and maternal and neonatal outcomes, in a cohort of pregnancies at term complicated by maternal intrapartum pyrexia, with or without a histologic diagnosis of chorioamnionitis.

Methods

This is a retrospective case-control study including pregnancies at term with detection of maternal intrapartum pyrexia, delivered between January 2020 and June 2021. Cardiotocography traces were entirely evaluated, since admission till delivery, and classified according to the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) guideline. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were also recorded as secondary outcomes. Placentas have been studied according to the Amniotic Fluid Infection Nosology Committee.

Results

Forty four patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study cohort. There was a significant association between the use of oxytocin augmentation in labor and the histologic diagnosis of chorioamnionitis. A significative recurrence of loss and/or absence of accelerations at the point of pyrexia was also documented in women with histological chorioamnionitis compared to the others.

Conclusions

Chorioamnionitis appears to be associated with myometrial disfunction, as suggested by the increased use of oxytocin augmentation during active labor of women at term with intrapartum pyrexia and histologic diagnosis of chorioamnionitis.
Placeholders in crosslinguistic perspective: abilities, preferences, and usage motives
Authors: Seraku Tohru
Published: April 2024

In spontaneous discourse, a speaker sometimes encounters word-formulation trouble, and she may use a ‘placeholder’ (PH) such as whatchamacallit and you-know-what, a dummy expression to be inserted into the slot of a ‘target form’ in the sentence structure of an utterance. It has been widely held that there are two types of usage motives: (i) a speaker cannot produce a target form when, e.g., she does not recall it, or (ii) a speaker does not want to produce a target form when, e.g., it is considered taboo. Previous studies have described the grammatical and functional properties of PHs in a variety of languages, but no study has examined their usage-motive patterns crosslinguistically. In this paper, I propose an implicational hierarchy relating to the usage motives of PHs based on the relevance-theoretic notions of ‘ability’ and ‘preference’ and derive several predictions from this hierarchy, which are tested against PH data in 56 languages. The predictions are mostly confirmed, with some (putative) counterexamples explained by non-cognitive–pragmatic factors (e.g., lexical-semantic factors). As an implication, the hierarchy may also serve as a basis for drawing predictions in other linguistic fields (e.g., language acquisition).
Ideological framing of sign languages and their users in the South African press
Authors: Carne Carmel , Oostendorp Marcelyn , Baker Anne
Published: April 2024

This exploratory study provides an overview of prominent themes pertaining to portrayals of sign languages (SLs) and Deaf people in the South African press (2011–2019), as well as an analysis of a subset of articles to illustrate the discursive constructions of each of the prominent ideological framings. The findings of the paper suggest that many ways of representing South African Sign Language (SASL) and their users align with international trends. The two most prominent ideological framings are the medical/disability model and the linguistic minority model. Within the medical model, SLs are seen as inferior means of communication used by a disabled minority. Within the linguistic minority framework SLs are regarded as natural, legitimate languages deserving equal status to spoken languages. The paper also identifies an ideological framing that is not predicted by the international literature, coined here as ‘diversity tokenism’. Diversity tokenism is when SL is mentioned only to increase perceived diversity, where diversity is a commodity that holds social capital. This portrayal of SASL seems to be increasing and holds a warning: although SASL users have received official recognition and rights through the recent declaration of SASL as an official language, it might not be the end of the battle to ensure that users of SASL can live out their linguistic citizenship.
Impact of carbon content on the phase structure and mechanical properties of TiBCN coatings via direct current magnetron sputtering
Authors: Vyas Anand , Aliyu Ahmed , Tsui Gary Chi-Pong
Published: April 2024

In this study, unbalanced direct current magnetron sputtering was employed to develop TiBCN coatings on Si (100) wafers. The carbon (C) concentration was varied to manipulate the phase structure and mechanical properties of the coatings. The coatings were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. The results revealed that the TiBCN-2 coating, with a C concentration of 4.4 at.%, exhibited optimal hardness and elastic modulus values of 33 and 291 GPa, respectively. On the other hand, as the C content increased from 4.4 to 24.4 at.%, the hardness and elastic modulus values of the coatings decreased to 21 and 225 GPa, respectively, due to the formation of boron nitride and carbon phases within the coating matrix. Therefore, the inclusion of an ideal C concentration can considerably improve the properties of TiBCN coatings, thus rendering the coating a desirable material for cutting tools.
Social determinants of health in adults with whiplash associated disorders
Authors: Jasper Lisa , Smith Ashley D.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Although it is well-known that chronic diseases need to be managed within the complex biopsychosocial framework, little is known about the role of sociodemographic features in adults with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) and their association with health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between various sociodemographic features (age, sex, ethnicity, education, working, marriage, caring for dependents, and use of alcohol and drugs) and health outcomes (pain, disability, and physical/mental health-related quality of life) in WAD, both through their individual relationships and also via cluster analysis.

Methods

Independent t-tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests (with Mann–Whitney tests where appropriate) were used to compare data for each health outcome. Variables demonstrating a significant relationship with health outcomes were then entered into two-step cluster analysis.

Results

N = 281 participated in study (184 females, mean (±SD) age 40.9 (±10.7) years). Individually, level of education (p = 0.044), consumption of non-prescribed controlled or illegal drugs (p = 0.015), and use of alcohol (p = 0.008) influenced level of disability. Age (p = 0.014), marriage status (p = 0.008), and caring for dependents (p = 0.036) influenced mental health quality of life. Collectively, two primary clusters emerged, with one cluster defined by marriage, care of dependents, working status, and age >40 years associated with improved mental health outcomes (F
1,265 = 10.1, p = 0.002).

Discussion

Consistent with the biopsychosocial framework of health, this study demonstrated that various sociodemographic features are associated with health outcomes in WAD, both individually and collectively. Recognizing factors that are associated with poor health outcomes may facilitate positive outcomes and allow resource utilization to be tailored appropriately.
A mini review on the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in surface chemistry and catalysis
Authors: Al-Akayleh Faisal , Ali Agha Ahmed S. A. , Abdel Rahem Rami A. , Al-Remawi Mayyas
Published: April 2024

This review critically analyzes the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in surface chemistry and catalysis to emphasize the revolutionary impact of AI techniques in this field. The current review examines various studies that using AI techniques, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and neural networks (NNs), in surface chemistry and catalysis. It reviews the literature on the application of AI models in predicting adsorption behaviours, analyzing spectroscopic data, and improving catalyst screening processes. It combines both theoretical and empirical studies to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the findings. It demonstrates that AI applications have made remarkable progress in predicting the properties of nanostructured catalysts, discovering new materials for energy conversion, and developing efficient bimetallic catalysts for CO2 reduction. AI-based analyses, particularly using advanced NNs, have provided significant insights into the mechanisms and dynamics of catalytic reactions. It will be shown that AI plays a crucial role in surface chemistry and catalysis by significantly accelerating discovery and enhancing process optimization, resulting in enhanced efficiency and selectivity. This mini-review highlights the challenges of data quality, model interpretability, scalability, and ethical, and environmental concerns in AI-driven research. It highlights the importance of continued methodological advancements and responsible implementation of artificial intelligence in catalysis research.
Investigations on the microbial activity and anti-corrosive efficiency of nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesised through green route
Authors: Mohamed Kasim Sheit Hameed , Seeni Mubarak Mohamed U. , Mohan Konganapuram S. , Gunavathy Kugalur V. , Subhapriya Pushparaju , Varusai Mohamed Mohamed K.
Published: April 2024

Researchers have shown considerable interest in the environmentally friendly synthesis of several nanoparticles particularly metal nano particles due to their multifaceted applications. The target of the current research includes the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) through the green route using the bark extract from Acacia Nilotica, and analyzed their chemical and surface morphological features using XRD, SEM, EDX, IR, UV–vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. In addition, the corrosion inhibition ability and antimicrobial activity of the extract were also studied. The XRD analysis indicated that the NiO exist in the form of nanoparticles. It showed the formation of pure cubic NiO-NP with a prominent peak at 43.28° reflected from the plane (200). The crystallite size was found to be 15.83 nm. The SEM micrographs revealed that NiO-NPs appeared to be a bulk cluster-like structure on their surface.The EDX analysis displayed the presence of Ni and oxygen atoms. The photoluminescence spectrum demonstrated that the green synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles have a modified emission band due to the presence of oxygen deficiencies and induced surface imperfections. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the association of peaks with the C–H and Ni–O bonds. The UV–vis study showed a maximum absorption at 264 nm. A study on the inhibition efficiency towards microbes confirmed that the prepared NiO-NPs have a good inhibition against selected microbes such as S. aureus, E. coli, Candida albicans, A. Niger. The mass loss system showed restraint 93.68 % effectiveness in the mild steel, and the electrochemical study supported the formation of a defensive protective layer on the cathodic locales of the carbon steel surface inhibiting corrosion.
Input and Output Connections of the Crow Nidopallium Caudolaterale
Authors: Kersten Ylva , Moll Felix W. , Erdle Saskia , Nieder Andreas
Published: April 2024

The avian telencephalic structure nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) functions as an analog to the mammalian prefrontal cortex. In crows, corvid songbirds, it plays a crucial role in higher cognitive and executive functions. These functions rely on the NCL's extensive telencephalic connections. However, systematic investigations into the brain-wide connectivity of the NCL in crows or other songbirds are lacking. Here, we studied its input and output connections by injecting retrograde and anterograde tracers into the carrion crow NCL. Our results, mapped onto a published carrion crow brain atlas, confirm NCL multisensory connections and extend prior pigeon findings by identifying a novel input from the hippocampal formation. Furthermore, we analyze crow NCL efferent projections to the arcopallium and report newly identified arcopallial neurons projecting bilaterally to the NCL. These findings help to clarify the role of the NCL as central executive hub in the corvid songbird brain.
The Relationship Between Subjective Memory Experience and Objective Memory Performance Remains Stable Across the Lifespan
Authors: Mojescik Kasia M. , Berens Sam C. , De Luca Flavia , Ritchey Maureen , Bird Chris M.
Published: April 2024

The way humans remember events changes across the lifespan. Older adults often rate the vividness of their memories as being greater or equal to younger adults, despite poorer performance on episodic memory tasks. This study explored how the content (place, person and object) and specificity (conceptual gist versus perceptual detail) of event memories relate to the subjective experience of memory vividness and memory confidence, and how this relationship is affected by healthy ageing. 100 healthy older adults and 100 young adults were tested online, using an adapted version of a paradigm developed by Cooper and Ritchey (2022). At encoding, participants generated a distinctive story to associate together (1) a theme word, and images of (2) a famous person, (3) a place, and (4) an object, to create unique events. At test, participants identified the event components using word labels (indexing conceptual gist), and the studied images (indexing perceptual details). Replicating Cooper and Ritchey (2022), we found that young adults’ memory vividness ratings were related to their memory for the conceptual gist of the events, with no modulation by the type of the content recalled. Strikingly, older adults showed the same relationship between vividness measures and objective performance as the young adults. Contrary to some previous studies, we found that older adults obtained lower scores for gist-based memory, and their vividness ratings were correspondingly lower than the younger adults. Across both age groups, vividness and confidence ratings followed a similar pattern, showing a stronger relationship with conceptual gist. Our results suggest that throughout the lifespan, the amount of conceptual information retrieved about an event relates to the ability to reexperience it vividly, and to have confidence in one’s memory.
Análise da tendência temporal de nascidos vivos considerando a idade reprodutiva durante a gestação
Authors: Cargnin Alana Vitória Escritori , Piran Camila Moraes Garollo , Oliveira Natan Nascimento de , Oliveira Rosana Rosseto de , Araújo Claudiana Ribeiro da Silva , Merino Maria de Fátima Garcia Lopes , Furtado Marcela Demitto
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal de nascidos vivos por regiões e estados brasileiros, considerando a idade reprodutiva durante a gestação. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico, do tipo ecológico, com dados obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos e estimativas populacionais. Analisaram-se dados de nascimentos conforme a idade materna, 10 a 19, 20 a 34 e ≥35 anos. Resultados: foram analisados 25.385.841 nascimentos vivos, entre mulheres de 10 a 35 anos ou mais no Brasil, sendo a maior ocorrência de nascimentos na faixa etária de 20 a 34 anos, correspondente a 928,15 a cada 1.000 mulheres com tendência de queda (p≤0,001). A análise de distribuição espacial das taxas de nascimentos por estratos de idade materna demonstrou tendência de redução em quase todos os estados brasileiros entre 10 a 19 anos e aumento na faixa etária ≥35 anos. Conclusão: os nascimentos na faixa etária materna de 20 a 34 anos apresentaram maiores taxas, entretanto com tendência decrescente. Já a gestação nos extremos da idade reprodutiva durante a adolescência apresentou tendência decrescente e com >35 anos houve tendência de aumento. Contribuições para a prática: contribui para o planejamento de políticas públicas para suprir necessidades em uma gestação nos extremos da vida reprodutiva.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Nano-sized DD3R Zeolite Powder in Thin DD3R Membrane Synthesis of thin DD3R membrane
Authors: Vaezi Mohammadjavad , Geranbaha Masoud Gohar , Moghimi Seyyed Mohsen , Babaluo Ali Akbar
Published: April 2024

DD3R zeolite powder was synthesized within a brief period using tetramethyl orthosilicate through a sonochemical method combined with hydrothermal treatment. The highest crystallinity with average particle size of 47 nm was achieved within five days. This nano-sized powder was used for seeding the surface of a support modified with TiO2-Boehmite, facilitating the synthesis of a thin (less than 5 µm) and uniform DD3R zeolite layer. The resulting membrane exhibited perm-selectivities of N2 and CO2 over CH4 that were 3 and 4 times greater than those reported in literature. The surface modification of the synthesized layer using a polydimethylsiloxane solution further improved the perm-selectivity of N2/CH4

and CO2/CH4 by up to 12 and 260, respectively. The straightforward synthesis of the initial layer before modification positively influenced the perm-selectivity of N2/CH4, achieving a three-fold increase compared to similar works in the literature.
The Use of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency-Questionnaire (PEI-Q)
Authors: Kim Tae In , Han Sung Yong , Lee Jonghyun , Kim Dong Uk , Jung Min Kyu
Published: April 2024

Chronic pancreatitis is a non-reversible, progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas that is caused by repeated inflammation. It is characterized by morphological changes in the parenchyma and main pancreatic duct as pancreatic tissue is damaged and fibrosis progresses. These changes can lead to exocrine and endocrine dysfunction in patients with chronic pancreatitis, with major complications including pain, endocrine or exocrine insufficiency, and increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Of these, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a state of malabsorption in which more than 15 g of fat is excreted per day. It can be diagnosed and assessed using several methods, but these methods are currently difficult to use in Korea and have low compliance, making them low utility. Recently, the PEI-questionnaire (PEI-Q) was developed to diagnose and assess patients’ exocrine insufficiency. It has been validated in foreign countries and has the potential to be used as a tool for diagnosing exocrine insufficiency with simple questions. This paper will review the diagnostic methods for existing exocrine insufficiency and the usefulness and utilization of the PEI-Q.
Changes in metabolic hormones and trace elements in CSF in active smokers indicate oxidative damage to brain cells
Authors: Zheng Peiwen , Wang Fan , Li Hui , Chen Hanlu , Li Mengtong , Ma Haozheng , He Jue , Chen Li , Liu Yanlong , Xu Haiyun
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study aimed to reveal associations between metabolic hormones in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and cigarette smoking-induced weight gain and to explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods

A total of 156 adult men were included, comprising active smokers and nonsmokers. In addition to demographic information and body mass index (BMI), plasma levels of ApoA1 and ApoB, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the participants were measured. Moreover, the metabolic hormones adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), ghrelin, leptin, and orexin A, as well as the trace elements iron and zinc in CSF, were assessed.

Results

Compared to nonsmokers, active smokers showed higher BMI, and elevated CSF levels of FGF21, Zn, and Fe, but decreased levels of metabolic hormones adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, and orexin A. Negative correlations existed between CSF FGF21 and ghrelin, between CSF Zn and ghrelin, as well as between CSF Fe and orexin A in active smokers. Furthermore, elevated CSF FGF21 and Zn predicted ghrelin level decrease in the smokers.

Conclusion

These data relate smoking-induced weight gain to its neurotoxic effect on the neurons that synthesize metabolic hormones such as adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, or orexin A in the brain, by disrupting mitochondrial function and causing oxidative stress in the neurons.
Importance of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and their clinical use in prostate cancer
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Endo Satoshi , Tsukahara Shigehiro , Tanegashima Tokiyoshi , Kobayashi Satoshi , Matsumoto Takashi , Eto Masatoshi
Published: April 2024

Androgen receptor signaling is crucial for the development of treatment resistance in prostate cancer. Among steroidogenic enzymes, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3βHSDs) play critical roles in extragonadal androgen synthesis, especially 3βHSD1. Increased expression of 3βHSDs is observed in castration-resistant prostate cancer tumors compared with primary prostate tumors, indicating their involvement in castration resistance. Recent studies link 3βHSD1 to resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. The regulation of 3βHSD1 expression involves various factors, including transcription factors, microenvironmental influences, and posttranscriptional modifications. Additionally, the clinical significance of HSD3B1 genotypes, particularly the rs1047303 variant, has been extensively studied. The impact of HSD3B1 genotypes on treatment outcomes varies according to the therapy administered, suggesting the potential of HSD3B1 genotyping for personalized medicine. Targeting 3βHSDs may be a promising strategy for prostate cancer management. Overall, understanding the roles of 3βHSDs and their genetic variations may enable the development and optimization of novel treatments for prostate cancer.
Thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid pregnant women is associated with slower productive language acquisition: the Odense child cohort study
Authors: Riis Kamilla R , Bonnema Steen J , Dreyer Anja F , Glintborg Dorte , Bilenberg Niels , Bleses Dorthe , Trecca Fabio , Andersen Marianne S
Published: April 2024

Objective

Maternal thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in early pregnancy may impact fetal neurodevelopment. We aimed to investigate how thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in early pregnancy were associated with language acquisition in offspring at 12–36 months of age.

Methods

This study was embedded in the prospective Odense child cohort. Mother–child dyads were excluded in case of maternal intake of thyroid medication during pregnancy. The parents completed MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-CDI) every third month to assess their offspring’s productive vocabulary. All completed reports for each child were included in the analyses. Logistic growth curve models evaluated associations between MB-CDI scores and levels of maternal thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyrotropin, respectively, measured in early pregnancy (median gestational week 12). All models were stratified by offspring sex and adjusted for maternal age, education, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, breastfeeding, and offspring age.

Results

The study included 735 mother–child dyads. Children born to mothers with TPOAb ≥11 kIU/L, opposed to TPOAb <11 kIU/L, had a lower probability of producing words at age 18–36 months for girls (OR = 0.78, P < 0.001) and 33–36 months for boys (OR = 0.83, P < 0.001). The probability of producing words was higher in girls at 30–36 months of age with low-normal maternal FT4 vs high-normal FT4 (OR = 0.60, P < 0.001), and a similar trend was seen in boys. Results were ambiguous for thyrotropin.

Conclusion

In women without known thyroid disease, TPOAb positivity in early pregnancy was negatively associated with productive vocabulary acquisition in girls and boys. This association was not mediated by a decreased thyroid function, as low-normal maternal FT4, unexpectedly, indicated better vocabulary acquisition. Our results support that maternal thyroid autoimmunity per se may affect fetal neurodevelopment.