bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erythrocytosis and Hypernephroma
Authors: Thorling Eivind B. , Ersbak JØrgen
Published: August 2010

The results of a study on the content of erythropoietic‐stimulating factor in the serum, urine and extracts from tumour tissue and normal renal tissue from a patient with erythrocytosis and hypernephroma of the left kidney are reported. Extracts from the solid parts of the tumour showed a high concentration of this factor. It seems reasonable to assume that this factor, which is presumed to be responsible for the patient's erythrocytosis, was produced by the tumour cells.

Increased concentrations of erythropoietic‐stimulating factor were also revealed in the serum and urine after operation. Analyses of the metastases were not performed, but itseems reasonable to assume that these also produced an erythropoietic‐stimulating factor.
Glucose Metabolism in Normal Erythrocytes. I. Kinetics of the Hexokinase Reaction in Intact Cells
Authors: Garby Lars , de Verdier Carl‐Henric
Published: August 2010

A method has been developed for determination of erythrocyte glucose consumption at a wide range of glucose concentrations. The method is based on paper chromatographic separation and quantitation of C14‐glucose and its labelled metabolites after incubation of intact cells.

The glucose consumption was maximal at glucose concentrations above 0.4 mM.

The inhibitory effect of inosine was investigated and found to be delayed, indicating an indirect action of this compound.

The presence of EDTA in the medium increased the glucose consumption markedly, three to four times at 5–10 mM, whereas magnesium and calcium had no effect. EDTA removed easily exchangeable erythrocyte calcium during these conditions, but did not significantly penetrate the red cell membrane.

Mercaptoethanol increased the glucose consumption, indicating the presence of potentially active SH‐groups on hexokinase in the intact cell.
Normal and Post‐Exercise Plasma Transfusion in Patients with Haemophilia A and von Willebrand's Disease
Authors: Ikkala Eero , Myllylä Gunnar , Nevanlinna H. R.
Published: August 2010

Normal and post‐exercise plasma from the same donor was transfused into seven patients (into one patient twice) with haemophilia A and two patients with von Willebrand's disease. After post‐exercise plasma administration, on the average twice as much factor VIII activity was recovered in the patients than after normal plasma. Factor VIII levels after post‐exercise plasma transfusions, however, were clearly lower than the expected levels calculated from the in vitro activity of the transfused plasmas, especially when recalcification assay was used. Too high factor VIII values of post‐exercise plasmas in this assay system were due to some activation products, which clearly had less effect on the results of cephalin‐kaolin assay. The better in vivo effect of post‐exercise plasmas is regarded as an additional proof of real factor VIII increase during muscular exercise and the possibilities for the therapeutic use of post‐exercise plasmas are shortly discussed.

In two patients with von Willebrand's disease the primary factor VIII response was comparable with that of A‐haemophiliacs and the bleeding time response better after post‐exercise plasmas, but no difference was observed in the secondary factor VIII response.
Anti‐M Antibody Developed During Pregnancy
Authors: Melartin Liisa , Kaarsalo E.
Published: August 2010

The serological results from a female in whom the anti‐M antibody developed during pregnancy, are described. The antibody passed easily through the placenta. The newborn child was healthy except for slightly raised serum bilirubin and moderately increased reticulocyte count.
Experimental and Clinical Studies on AMCA, the Antifibrinolytically Active Isomer of p‐Aminomethyl Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Andersson Lennart , Nilsson Inga Marie , Niléhn Jan‐Erik , Hedner Ulla , Granstrand Bengt , Melander Bengt
Published: August 2010

1. Amino methyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid is a potent inhibitor of plasminogen activation. A preparation of the active isomer, AMCA, was found to be 6–8 times more potent than ε‐ACA and to have an inhibitory effect demonstrable in a concentration of 10‐4M. AMCA had no antiplasmin effect in concentrations up to 0.15 M.

2. In high concentrations, 1 mg per ml blood, AMCA prolonged the thrombin time, but it had no other effect on the coagulation mechanism.

3. Metabolic studies showed that the half‐life of AMCA in serum was short, about 1–2 hours. It was rapidly excreted in unchanged form in the urine and 90 per cent of a single intravenous dose of AMCA was excreted from the urine within 24 hours.

4. AMCA was given to 50 subjects, including 20 with increased fibrinolytic activity and/or bleeding symptoms. It proved an effective antifibrinolytic agent and stopped bleeding caused by general or local fibrinolysis. Judging from in vivo tests the inhibiting effect of AMCA was about 7 times that of ε‐ACA. – Dizziness occurred in 6 cases, but no other side reactions or toxic effects of the drug were observed.

5. AMCA is recommended as a useful clinical fibrinolytic inhibitor. A dosage of 0.015–0.020 g per kg bodyweight given intravenously every 4–6 hours appears to be adequate. For oral therapy doses of 0.05–0.1 g per kg bodyweight are required every 4–6 hours.
Exclusive Occurrence of k Chains in Isolated Cold Haemagglutinins
Authors: Harboe M. , Furth R. van , Schubothe H. , Lind K. , Evans R. S.
Published: August 2010

All of 37 cold haemagglutinins isolated from sera of patients with chronic cold haemagglutinin syndrome were shown to contain k chains only. When data obtained from other investigators are added, it appears that a total of at least 59 isolated cold haemagglutinins have been found to contain only type K γM‐globulin molecules. In analogy with current views on the structure of the γG‐globulin molecule, it is suggested that each active site of the cold haemagglutinin molecules is made up by a close interaction of the heavy and light polypeptide chains. It is further suggested that the characteristic behaviour of cold haemagglutinins with regard to serological specificity and/or thermal amplitude is only compatible with relatively small structural variations of the light chains within the limits imposed by k chains.
The Periodic Acid‐Schiff Reaction in Neutrophil Leukocytes in Chronic Myeloproliferative Diseases A microspectrophotometric study
Authors: Gahrton Gösta
Published: August 2010

Microspectrophotometric quantification of the PAS reaction has been carried out in about 4500 individual mature neutrophil leukocytes from 20 normal persons, and from 15 patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML), 18 patients with myeloid metaplasia, and 17 patients with polycythaemia vera (PV).

The reaction is considered to be a quantitative measure of the amount of PAS reactive material (PASMa) in neutrophils, most of it probably glycogen. Neutro‐phils from CML had a mean amount of PASMa that was 39 per cent below normal, the frequency distribution of PASMa per cell being approximately normal in individual cases. Neutrophils from myeloid metaplasia usually had elevated mean amounts of PASMa and considerably elevated variance between cells within subjects. Neutrophils from PV had a mean amount of PASMa that was 33 per cent above normal, with a highly augmented variance between cells within subjects. There was no correlation between the number of nuclear lobes and the amount of PASMa per cell in any diagnostic group. The quantified PAS reaction is considered to be of diagnostic importance for the differentiation of CML and myeloid metaplasia.
Group‐Specific Components and Transferrins in Human Fetal Sera
Authors: Melartin Liisa , Hirvonen T. , Kaarsalo E. , Toivanen P.
Published: August 2010

Serum group‐specific components and transferrins of 24 pairs of mother‐fetal samples were studied. The results indicate that the human fetus is able to synthesize its own group‐specific components as early as the 10th to 13th week of gestation. A transferrin pattern different from the mother's could be demonstrated in the sera of two fetuses of about 9 and 21 weeks. Other fetuses showed transferrin qualitatively identical with the mother's. The concentration of fetal transferrins was greatly reduced.
Comparative Effects of Cyclophosphamide and Total Body Irradiation on Erythropoietin Production in Rats
Authors: HØST Herman , Skjælaaen Peer
Published: August 2010

Comparative effects of total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide on erythropoietin production in rats are described. The erythropoietin titers in plasma were determined after the rats had been exposed to hypoxia. The rat plasma to be studied was injected into polycythaemic mice. The Fe59 uptake into the red cells of the polycythaemic mice was used as parameter. The results indicate that neither cyclophosphamide nor radiation in sub‐lethal doses suppresses significantly erythropoietin production.
Inhibition of Thromboplastic Activity by Trasylol®
Authors: Amris C. J. , Hilden M.
Published: August 2010

In vitro experiments with the thromboplastin activation test (TAT) indicate that Trasylol primarily is an inhibitor of the contact phase of intrinsic clotting. However, also later stages seem to be inhibited to a certain extent. The activating effect of serum and brain thromboplastin on the thromboplastin activation was prevented or reduced by Trasylol but the activating effect of minimal amounts of thrombin was only slightly reduced. The possible significance of the findings in vivo are briefly discussed.
The Frequency of Kappa and Lambda Chains in Pathologic Serum γG, γA, γD and γμ Immunoglobulins
Authors: Laurell Carl‐Bertil , Snigurowicz Jaroslaw
Published: August 2010

Light chain typing of M‐components of non‐macroglobulin nature from 500 sera gave a κ/γ quotient of 1.5. All the M‐components contained either κ or γ chains. Irrespective of the electrophoretic charge the quotient in γG‐M‐components was 2, and in γA‐M‐components 0.9 and Bence‐Jones proteinaemias 1.3. One serum contained a γGL‐ and a γAK‐M‐component, both in a concentration above 3 g per 100 ml.
A Case of Haemolytic Anaemia Due to Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Authors: Hanel H. K. , Harvald B. , Mor G. , Christensen N. , Deckert T.
Published: August 2010

A case of non‐spherocytic haemolytic anaemia is presented. A subnormal pyruvate kinase activity in the patient's erythrocytes was demonstrated. The in vitro haemolysis of the patient's red cells could be corrected by addition of adenosinetriphosphate. Some family members had also depressed pyruvate kinase activity, without any other haematological abnormalities. The inheritance of the defect is discussed.
Iso‐Immune Neonatal Purpura Caused by Anti‐PlGrLyB1
Authors: Svejgaard Arne , Borberg Tove , Kissmeyer‐Nielsen Flemming
Published: August 2010

A case of iso‐immune neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura caused by a maternal, complement fixing, platelet iso‐antibody, anti‐PlGrLyB1, is reported. The problems concerning the diagnosis of this disease are discussed. Although the PlGrLyB1‐antigen is known to be present on both platelets and leukocytes, and though accordingly the mother's blood contained strong leukocyte agglutinins no leukocytopenia was observed in the patient. The reasons for this observation are discussed. No platelet antibody could be demonstrated in the patient's blood, but the maternal antibody belonged to the γG globulins and was thus placenta‐permeable. Evidence is presented of a gene dosage effect of the PlGrLyB1‐gene among family members.
The Relationship Between Duodenal Mucosal Iron Concentration and Iron Absorption in Human Subjects
Authors: Allgood J. William , Brown Elmer B.
Published: August 2010

Non‐haem iron concentrations of duodenal mucosa obtained by peroral capsule biopsy were determined in normal, iron‐deficient, and iron‐overloaded human subjects. Intestinal iron concentrations of normal subjects did not differ significantly from those of the iron‐deficient or iron‐overloaded subjects. No significant variation could be detected in iron concentration of mucosa obtained from different anatomical segments of duodenums removed at autopsy. Intestinal non‐haem iron concentrations showed no significant correlation with simultaneous measurements of serum iron concentration nor with radioiron absorption in a group of 25 patients (including normal, iron‐deficient, and iron‐overloaded subjects). Radioiron absorption was significantly correlated with severity of anaemia but not with serum iron concentration or per cent transferrin saturation.

Failure to confirm previous studies in animals suggests that species differences exist in the regulation of gastrointestinal iron absorption and points up the need for additional studies of the control of iron absorption in man.
A Swedish Family with Haemolytic Anaemia, Heinz Bodies and an Abnormal Haemoglobin
Authors: Svensson Björn , Strand Lars
Published: August 2010

A hereditary, haemolytic anaemia with Heinz‐body production has been found in four members of a Swedish family, presenting an abnormal haemoglobin according to various electrophoretic methods. Clinical and laboratory data indicate that this disease belongs to the group of Heinz‐body producing haemoglobinopathies.

There are certain differences from related types of haemoglobinopathies, e.g. in terms of electrophoretic mobility and methaemoglobin production.

Apparently this type of haemoglobin‐defect has not previously been described, for which reason we suggest the designation Haemoglobin Borås.
Erythrocyte Transaminase Activity in Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Authors: Cavill I. A. J. , Jacobs A.
Published: August 2010

There is a relative lack of the pyridoxal coenzyme for glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase in the erythrocytes of patients with iron deficiency anaemia compared with normal subjects. This group of patients also has an increased urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid following a tryptophane load. These findings suggest a minor degree of pyridoxine deficiency. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase appears to be more avid for the coenzyme and is unchanged in the iron deficient patients.
The Activity of Carbonic Anhydrases B and C from Human Erythrocytes and the Inhibition of the Enzymes by Copper
Authors: Magid E.
Published: August 2010

The catalytic activity of two isolated forms of human erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase, HCAB and HCAC, was studied at 1.6° C by means of a pH‐stat method.

80 per cent of the activity of the carbonic anhydrase with high specific activity (HCAC) was inhibited in the presence of 1.6 μM CuSO4, whilst the activity of the form with low specific activity (HCAB) was the same as that in a reaction medium which contained no inhibiting metallic ions. A chelating agent (EDTA), which eliminated the effect of CuSO4, had no effect on the enzyme activity in reaction media in which the concentration of the ions of heavy metals was below a critical level.

The fact that HCAC is inhibited more effectively by copper than HCAB, was utilized in a procedure by means of which the activity of HCAC and HCAB was determined separately in solutions which contained both enzymes.

The same procedure was used to determine the enzyme content of the erythrocytes, on the assumption that HCAC and HCAB in haemolysates had the same specific catalytic activity and were inhibited by CuSO4 to the same extent as in preparations of the isolated forms of carbonic anhydrase which were used in the investigations. On the basis of results from investigations of the blood from 24 donors it was calculated that HCAC comprises 80 per cent of the activity and about 20 per cent of the carbonic anhydrase concentration in red cells.

The total carbonic anhydrase activity in erythrocytes from 5 new‐born infants was about one tenth of that in the erythrocytes from adults.

A high erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase activity in 2 patients with untreated pernicious anaemia was found to be the result of a parallel increase in the activity of HCAB and HCAC.
Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia Associated with Consumption Coagulopathy in a Patient with Disseminated Carcinoma
Authors: Joseph Rosaline R. , Day H. James , Sherwin Roberta M. , Schwartz Heinz G.
Published: August 2010

The case of a 28 year old man with disseminated carcinoma who terminally developed a syndrome resembling thrombohaemolytic thrombocytopenic purpura is presented. Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia as evidenced by bizarre poikilocytosis along with a consumption coagulopathy with depletion of factors I, II, V, VIII and platelets were present. At autopsy, widespread capillary and arteriolar thromboses were seen. The relative importance of primary coagulation disturbance, vascular damage, or antigen‐antibody complexing in initiating the thrombosis‐haemorrhage sequence has been discussed. The speculation that release of thromboplastic substance by the tumour was the initiating event in production of the entire thrombohaemolytic thrombocytopenic purpura‐like picture in our patient is raised.
Plasma Turnover of 57Cobalt‐Vitamin B12 Bound to Transcobalamin I and II
Authors: Hom B. L.
Published: August 2010

The plasma turnover of radioactive vitamin B12 bound in vitro to each of the two plasma binders (transcobalamins) was studied after intravenous injection. The observed T 1/2 values for the radioactive B12 were 9–10 days when bound to transcobalamin I and about 1.5 hours when bound to transcobalamin II. In both cases, the plasma curves yielded similar final slopes, corresponding to T 1/2 values of 9.3 and 9.8 days. In the study with transcobalamin II, this is shown to be due to rapid reappearance in the plasma of the radiocobalt label bound to transcobalamin I.
Hereditary Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Myllylä G. , Pelkonen R. , Ikkala E. , Apajalahti J.
Published: August 2010

Hereditary thrombocytopenia in three families is reported. The defect was obviously transmitted as an autosomal dominant characteristic in two of these. The thrombocytopenia was moderate and the bleeding symptoms were mild but of life‐long duration. Platelet ‐ adhesiveness in vivo and in vitro, clot‐retraction, ADP‐induced aggregation, and platelet factor 3 activity–were normal in all patients studied. The survival of autologous 51Cr‐labelled platelets was at the lower limit of normal or slightly shortened.

In the third family autosomal recessive inheritance seemed probable. The bleeding tendency appeared at the age of 9 to 34 years with severe symptoms which rapidly led to death in four of the five patients. Two of the patients showed pancytopenia and this family probably presents a variant of constitutional hypoplastic anaemia. The functional parameters of platelets and the platelet survival in one of the patients were identical with those in the other two families.
Stimulation of Erythropoietin by Androgen in the Human
Authors: Moores Russell R. , Wright Claude‐Starr , Collins Lewis R. , Gardner Edward , Lewis Jasper P. , Smith Linda L.
Published: August 2010

Erythropoietin levels in both serum and urine have been measured in seven patients with various haematologic disorders and three normal male subjects before and after the short term administration of androgen. Increase in erythropoietin was seen in the urine of the normal subjects. Increase was also seen either in the urine or serum of all 7 patients, 5 of whom had already elevated erythropoietin titers.
Inhibition of the Thrombin‐Fibrinogen Reaction by Heparin in the Absence of Cofactor
Authors: Abildgaard U.
Published: August 2010

The influence of heparin on the reaction between purified human thrombin and fibrinogen was studied. The appearance of N‐terminal glycine, which reflects conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, was measured. At low thrombin concentrations, the reaction was inhibited by a wide range of heparin concentrations. The inhibition was immediate and reversible. It increased as the fibrinogen concentration was increased. It is suggested that the inhibition is caused by the formation of thrombin‐heparin‐fibrinogen complexes.
Investigations in a Family with Thrombasthenia of Moderately Severe Type with 16 Affected Members
Authors: Cronberg Stig , Nilsson Inga Marie
Published: August 2010

A large family with a congenital bleeding disorder in 16 of its members was investigated. The disease was dominantly inherited, and the symptoms were ready bruisability, tendency to nose bleeding and bleeding after tooth extraction and operation. The Ivy bleeding time was always, and the Duke bleeding time occasionally, prolonged. The platelet adhesiveness as tested in Hellem's whole blood method was decreased and mostly also in Hellem's plasma‐ADP method and Salzman's method. Spontaneous aggregation in platelet‐rich citrated plasma was absent even when the plasma was placed on a glass slide. After suspension in 3.8 per cent citrate solution the platelets showed an abnormal swelling. The prothrombin consumption test was occasionally pathologic. Factor VIII and other coagulation factors were normal. Moderately severe thrombasthenia is suggested as an appropriate name for the disease.
Immunoglobulin Changes in the Course of Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: WOLLHEIM FRANK A.
Published: August 2010

The levels of γG, γA and γM have been determined by the Oudin tube method in 26 male and 19 female patients during the course of I.M. A control group consisting of 32 male and 27 female healthy young adults were also analysed.

All classes of immunoglobulins were elevated already during the earliest stage of clinically manifest infectious mononucleosis (I.M.), indicating a long incubation period. The highest levels of γG were observed from 10 to 30 days after onset of fever (average 170 per cent of the normal mean), and a slow return towards normal levels took place. Peak levels for γA (163 per cent) occurred simultaneously, but a somewhat more rapid return to normal levels was evident. Increased levels of γM were a constant feature of acute I.M. and the highest levels (300 per cent) were observed from 1 to 20 days after onset of the illness. During convalescence a rapid return towards normal levels was observed, which seemed to parallel the disappearance of Downey cells.

Whereas no sex difference was present among the I.M.‐patients γM‐levels were higher in the female controls.
Turnover of57Co‐labelled Vitamin B12‐Transcobalamin II and Autologous131I‐labelled IgG in a Patient with Antibody to Transcobalamin II
Authors: HOM B. L. , OLESEN H. , SCHWARTZ M.
Published: August 2010

In a pernicious anaemia patient with a circulating antibody to transcobalamin II (TC II), the plasma clearance of radioactive vitamin B12bound to TC II has been shown to be much slower (plasma half‐life 8.2 days) than in control subjects (plasma half‐life 0.7 days). Thus, the patient's high serum vitamin B12binding capacity and elevated serum vitamin B12are the result of decreased catabolism of TC II due to the presence of antibody. The turnover of the B12‐TC II‐antibody complex was shorter than that observed for autologous131I‐labelled IgG (plasma half‐life 16.8 days). This difference is most likely due to dissociation of the complex.
Fibrinolytic Activity of Leucocytes in Smears of Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood
Authors: PROKOPOWICZ J. , STORMORKEN H.
Published: August 2010

A cytochemical method for studying fibrinolytic (proteolytic) activity in specified white cells in blood and bone marrow smears has been developed and the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity at pH 6.0 and 7.65 as well as the activity of a plasminogen‐like proenzyme were studied. These fibrinolytic enzymes appeared in the granulocytic and monocytic series; their activity depending upon the maturation stage. The enzymes appear in promyelocytes, reach the highest activity in metamyelocytes and in band cells and then gradually decrease during maturation. No significant differences between mature neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils were observed. Megakaryocytes, erythroblasts, erythrocytes and lymphocytes were devoid of significant fibrinolytic activity. Some implications of these findings are discussed.
An Improved Method of Processing Bone Marrow for Chromosomes
Authors: LAM‐PO‐TANG P. R. L. C.
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow is incubated in colcemid solution (0.1 μg./ml.), treated in hypotonic KCl (.075 M) and fixed in Carnoy's fluid. Chromosomes are spread by a ‘flaming’ technique. Yield of mitotic figures is high and staining quality good.
Iron‐Deficient Erythropoiesis in Non‐Anaemic Young Men
Authors: Isager Henrik
Published: August 2010

As a link in a study on the occurrence of iron deficiency in connection with adolescence a blind test, using iron and placebo, was performed on army recruits. Changes in haematocrit, serum iron, and transferrin in iron‐treated and placebo‐treated subjects were compared. A significant response to iron medication was found in respect to haematocrit (increase) and transferrin (decrease). The haematocrit response to iron was most marked in those subjects who had shown haematocrit values at the upper end of the normal range prior to the test. Comparison of pre‐treatment haematocrit values and transferrin revealed that persons having haematocrit values in the range 47–52% showed significantly higher transferrin values than the remainder of the subjects.

It is assumed that iron‐deficient erythropoiesis may develop in young men exposed to a particularly vigorous hormonal stimulation of the erythropoiesis.
Iso‐ and Heteroagglutinins in Human Fetal and Neonatal Sera
Authors: Toivanen P. , Hirvonen T.
Published: August 2010

Maternal AB and sheep cell haemagglutinins were found in the human fetus after the 13th to 14th week of gestation. In fetuses aged 18 weeks or more they were observed as frequently as in full‐term newborns, 56.6% of which had isoagglutinins and 57.6% heteroagglutinins. The occurrence of maternal heteroagglutinins in neonatal sera was not dependent on the ABO group of the mother as it is with isoagglutinins. Heteroagglutinins of the IgG class were found equally in mothers of different ABO groups. Isoagglutinins against erythrocytes of the mother's group were detected in 8 out of 44 neonatal sera, but in none of 10 sera from fetuses aged 14 to 19 weeks. IgM concentrations in neonatal sera with and without isoagglutinins of fetal origin revealed that IgM synthesized by the healthy fetus consists mainly of antibodies other than isoagglutinins.
HL‐A Antigens on Human Granulocytes Studied with Cytotoxic Iso‐Antisera Obtained by Skin Grafting
Authors: Thorsby Erik
Published: August 2010

Iso‐antigens of human granulocytes were studied with some HL‐A antisera obtained by skin grafting. The granulocytes gave no reaction in the cytotoxic antibody test, but absorption studies showed that the granulocytes contained the same HL‐A antigens as the lymphocytes from the same persons, which demonstrates that HL‐A antigens are common antigens of these cells. Quantitative absorption studies revealed a lower concentration and total amount of HL‐A antigens on granulocytes than on lymphocytes. This may partly explain the resistance of granulocytes in the cytotoxic antibody test.
The Toa Micro Cell Counter
Authors: Helleman P. W. , Geleynse Maria E. M.
Published: August 2010

Although the physico‐electronic principle on which detection of cells is based in the Toa counter differs from that used in the Coulter counter, results of erythrocyte counts made with the two counters show a similar degree of precision. The two counters are about equivalent in terms of reproducibility of leucocyte counts. The dielectric constant of erythrocytes and leucocytes in the fluid used changes so little in 24–48 hours, that it is possible with the Toa counter (as it is with the Coulter counter) to count these cells within his period.
The Use of 75Se‐Methionin for the in vivo Study of Platelet Kinetics
Authors: Najean Y. , Ardaillou N.
Published: August 2010

Platelet kinetics were studied using 75Se‐methionin as an in vivo tracer in normal and aplasic rats and in normal man and in patients suffering from bone marrow inadequacy, thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia due to hyperdestruction.

Results are compared with those obtained with 51Cr‐labelling.

The method is found useful to measure both platelet production and autologous platelet life span in thrombocytopenic patients.
HL‐A Genotypes of Children with Acute Leukaemia: A Family Study
Authors: Thorsby E. , Bratlie Anne , Lie S. O.
Published: August 2010

Twelve patients and their families were studied to obtain information of a possible relationship between certain HL‐A genotypes and acute leukaemia in children. The frequency of the individual HL‐A antigens among the patients did not deviate significantly from the frequency of the antigens among healthy persons. The HL‐A genotypes and haplotypes of the patients were established through family analysis, but in the present material no certain genotype or haplotype was found that seems to be related to acute leukaemia. By means of the family analysis, some of the patients were also used to examine whether a loss of HL‐A antigens occurred during malignant transformation of cells into leukaemic lymphoblasts. However, no loss of HL‐A antigens could be detected.
Some Effects of pH and Temperature upon Normal Human Red Cell Adenosine Triphosphate
Authors: Scott G. L. , Oates M. , Grimes A. J.
Published: August 2010

Red cell ATP levels were determined on the fresh blood of 58 normal subjects using an enzymic method. Values were obtained in the range 80 to 140 μmoles of ATP per 100 ml. of packed red cells.

Conditions for obtaining reliable fresh blood ATP values are reported together with the effects of different anticoagulants.

It was confirmed that red cell ATP is pH‐sensitive. Thus, at pH values below 7.6–7.7 (25° C.) it was stable but at values above this range it disappeared from the red cells. Kinetic studies of red cell ATP at different temperatures and pH values are described.
Effects of Atropine on Platelet Structure and Function
Authors: White James G.
Published: August 2010

The aggregation of blood platelets occurs in two phases. Primary clumping results from the action of aggregating agents on cell membranes, and the second wave is caused by adenosine diphosphate and catacholamines released from platelets. Several groups of drugs have been described which specifically inhibit the second wave of aggregation. The present report has explored the influence of atropine on platelet structure and physiology. Atropine had no effect on platelet fine structure, but inhibited the second wave of aggregation produced in citrate platelet rich plasma by small concentrations of adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine. In contrast to other agents which block secondary aggregation, atropine also prevents clot retraction. A possible basis for the action of atropine on platelets is discussed.
Glycogen in Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes
Authors: Abul‐Fadl Y. , Scott Robert B.
Published: August 2010

The influence of female sex hormones on leucocyte glycogen and leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) was studied. Leucocyte glycogen was measured with the anthrone reagent on suspensions of peripheral blood leucocytes containing chiefly neutrophiles. LAP was measured histochemically. Normal adult pre‐menopausal females were shown to have significantly greater leucocyte glycogen levels and LAP score than males. Post‐menopausal females had intermediate glycogen levels and no elevation of LAP. During the menstrual cycle, there was a slight rise of leucocyte glycogen and LAP in the midportion of the cycle. In pregnancy LAP rose significantly above normal in the fourth month and leucocyte glycogen in the sixth month. Both had returned to normal 6 weeks after delivery. Leucocytes from cord blood of newborns had elevated LAP scores but normal glycogen levels. In normal females on anovulatory drugs LAP was elevated while leucocyte glycogen was normal. Patients receiving estrogens therapeutically for prostatic carcinoma had significant elevations of both leucocyte glycogen and LAP while similar patients not receiving estrogens had normal values.

The results show that female sex hormones, specifically estrogens, can result in elevation of both leucocyte glycogen and LAP.
Cytoplasmic Microtubules and Radial‐Segmented Nuclei (Rieder Cells)
Authors: Norberg Bo
Published: August 2010

The radial segmentation (RS) of nuclei of human lymphocytes and monocytes was inhibited by vinblastine. Sulfhydryl reagents did not inhibit the formation of RS nuclei. The yield of RS nuclei after incubation in heparinized blood is probably due to the temperature during incubation and not to heparin, as evidenced by comparison with blood samples held fluid by defibrination with streptokinase. In the concentration range that potentiates muscle cell contraction caffeine had no significant influence on the formation of RS nuclei. These findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that microtubule shrinkage due to their slow decomposition is instrumental in the formation of RS nuclei.
Pernicious Anaemia and Acute Leukaemia: A Case Report with Cytogenetic Studies
Authors: Nielsen Vagn Gerhard , Jensen Mogens Krogh
Published: August 2010

Clinical and cytogenetic findings are reported in a patient with pernicious anaemia and myeloblastic leukaemia. The bone marrow aspirate contained a pseudodiploid stem line, which was probably present in both the erythrocytic and granulocytic cell lines. The literature on leukaemia occurring subsequent to pernicious anaemia has been reviewed.
Prenatal Assessment of Blood Group Antibodies Against ‘Public’ Antigens: An Example of Anti‐Ve (Vel) in Pregnancy
Authors: Drachmann O. , Lundsgaard Anne
Published: August 2010

A review is given of the ante‐ and peri‐natal immunohaematological problems arising when ‘non‐Rhesus’ irregular red‐cell antibodies, especially those reacting with ‘public’ antigens, are encountered in pregnancy, and a case of anti‐Ve in pregnancy is reported. The antibody did not cause haemolytic disease of the newborn. The direct Coombs test was negative, and no maternal antibody was present in the infant's serum. The results of the serological and immunological investigations are discussed in relation to the condition of the newborn infant, and the difficulty in assessing whether an infant is likely to be affected when such antibodies are present in pregnancy is stressed.
Site of Iron Absorption in Man
Authors: Wheby Munsey S.
Published: August 2010

This study was done to test the assumption that the duodenum is the site of most efficient iron absorption in man. In 8 normal and 9 iron deficient subjects a preselected intestinal site was incubated. On alternate days for 6 days either59Fe or55Fe was given with 5 mg. of carrier iron, one isotope by mouth, the other by tube. Two weeks later red cells were assayed for each isotope and the ratio of the isotope given orally to the isotope given by tube was determined. This ratio reflects the effect of bypassing the selected gastrointestinal segment. Results showed that iron is absorbed along the entire small intestine. When the doses of iron were put into proximal jejunum of normal subjects results varied but absorption decreased as much as 50% compared to absorption following the oral dose. In normal man the small intestine proximal to the mid‐jejunum may be capable of more efficient iron absorption than the distal portion. In iron deficiency enhanced absorption extends distally to about the mid‐jejunum.
Transient Erythroblastopenia in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Wranne Lars
Published: August 2010

Four patients, aged 8 months to 4 years, were found to have anaemia and absence of red cell precursors in the bone marrow. Granulocytes and platelets were normal. The disease was probably acquired and all patients recovered spontaneously or after prednisone treatment. It is suggested that these patients should be diagnosed as ‘transient erythroblastopenia’ to differentiate this disease from congenital hypoplastic anaemia.
A Biphasic Response of Platelets to Serotonin
Authors: White James G.
Published: August 2010

Serotonin is a powerful inducer of platelet aggregation and is known to be capable of triggering the release of endogenous platelet ADP, serotonin and catecholamines. A second wave of clumping inevitably develops after platelet release is stimulated by exogenous ADP, thrombin and epinephrine, but a biphasic reaction consistent with release has not been observed in previous nephalometric studies of serotonin induced aggregation. The present study indicates that serotonin does produce a biphasic response in some samples of normal C‐PRP. A double wave was observed in plasmas from five adult females, one adult male, and one child out of thirty‐three individuals studied. Electron microscopic evaluation of samples obtained from the serotonin induced first and second waves revealed changes consistent with aggregometer tracings and with sequential alterations observed during the biphasic response of platelets to other aggregating agents.
Platelet Enumeration in Rabbits
Authors: Grüner O. P. N.
Published: August 2010

The method of Brecher & Cronkite (1950) was studied in rabbits: the platelet sedimentation in chamber was slower than the 15 minutes recommended. A substantial reduction in platelet number took place when suspensions were rotated for one hour. When collecting blood from transsected ear vessels the sample variation was fair, and the difference between the first and a later drop from a small bleeding vessel was negligible. The count was less in blood obtained by arterial puncture than by trans‐section, and a ten minutes delay of pipetting caused a further decrease in platelet number. Therefore transsected ear vessels are considered to be a better source of blood.
Effect of Prednisolone on the Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Systems
Authors: Isacson Sune
Published: August 2010

In an extensive investigation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in 12 healthy volunteers it was found that administration of 20 mg prednisolone per day for 11 days increased the AHF‐content and tended to induce a hypofibrinolytic condition. Histochemical analysis of biopsies of superficial veins revealed that the plasminogen activator content of the specimens was decreased and thereby showed for the first time that a drug can interact with the plasminogen activator content in the vessel walls.
Antibodies to Serum Lipoprotein Antigens and Australia‐SH Antigen in Multiply Transfused Patients
Authors: Solaas Marit Hornberg , Stavem Per , Berg Kåre
Published: August 2010

Five sera among 50 of patients who had received more than 50 blood transfusions were found to possess antibodies to antigenic variants of serum β‐lipoprotein. Four of the antisera originated from 37 patients with haemophilia. Three of the antisera were monospecific for Ag(x). One patient developed antibody to the Australia‐SH antigen, in addition to anti‐Ag(x), during the period of this study.
Fibrinolytic Activity and Haemagglutination Inhibition Immunoassays
Authors: Gormsen Johs , Vad Anne
Published: August 2010

Concentrations of fibrinogen‐fibrin break‐down products (b.d.p.), above 10 üg/ml of serum (+EACA), estimated by haemagglutination inhibition immuno assays, were seldom found in healthy people. In 51 patients with coronary sclerosis and in 31 with other atherosclerotic diseases the amounts were in the lower part of normal range. The mean concentration in 16 patients with metastatic carcinoma was 86.7 and in 16 with hepatic cirrhosis 21.1 üg/ml. 93 patients with other diseases were examined. Huge amounts might be found even when fibrinolytic activity in the blood was very low. Several experiments indicate that b.d.p. also are formed extravascularly and presumably also by other proteases than plasmin.

Short‐term stimulation of fibrinolytic activity with nicotinic acid (41 patients), venous stasis (35 pts.) and physical exertion (21 pts.), and long‐term stimulation with male hormones (5 pts.), metformin (4 pts.), clofibrate (3 pts.), tolazamid (4 pts.) and ethyloestranol + diguanides (11 pts.) was not followed by in vivo increase in b.d.p.
Platelet Surface Interaction in Suspensions of Rabbit Blood in Ammonium Oxalate
Authors: Grüner O. P. N.
Published: August 2010

When suspensions of rabbit blood in ammonium oxalate were rotated, a platelet decrease was found which was of equal magnitude in tubes of glass and plastic and enhanced in siliconized containers. The decrease was dependant on the mechanical force applied and apparently time limited. The platelet reduction rate (PRR), calculated as a percentage of the initial count, showed individual constancy and inter‐individual variance. Among animals PRR and platelet count were unrelated. Within animals an association was present. PRR may possibly be used as a measure of platelet surface interaction.
Formation of Granulocytes and Macrophages in Diffusion Chamber Cultures of Mouse Blood Leucocytes
Authors: Benestad Haakon Breien
Published: August 2010

Suspensions of mononuclear cells were prepared from mouse blood by a one stage centrifugation method. Iso‐ and homologous culturing of these cells were then carried out in cell‐impermeable diffusion chambers. These were implanted into the peritoneal cavities of host mice. The culture periods ranged from 1 to 13 days. The proliferation, differentiation and death of the chamber cells were quantitated by total and differential cell counts and by evaluation of 3H‐thymidine incorporation from liquid scintillation counting and radioautography.

Proliferating and differentiating granulocytes and macrophages were consistently found in the cultures, whilst lymphocytes from the inoculum were gradually lost during the culture periods.
Extraosseous Plasmacytomas Causing Extrahepatic Cholestasis and Cardiac Tamponade: A Unique Case of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Derechin Michael M. , Goldberg Leonard S. , Herron Lawrence
Published: August 2010

The authors describe an unusual case of multiple myeloma in whom extraosseous plasmacytomas caused extrahepatic cholestasis and cardiac tamponade. As in several other reports of extraosseous plamacytomas, an IgA paraprotein was present and its possible significance is discussed.
Vitamin B12 and Its Binding Proteins in Cirrhosis and Infectious Hepatitis
Authors: Jørgensen F. Schønau
Published: August 2010

The total B12‐binding capacity of serum and the unsaturated B12‐binding capacity of the transcobalamine TC I and TC II have been determined by gel filtration on Sephadex in 10 patients with infectious hepatitis and 9 with cirrhosis of the liver. For comparison 5 normal persons have been examined.

The total B12‐binding capacity was equal in the 3 groups, the unsaturated B12‐binding capacity was markedly reduced in cirrhosis and hepatitis involving both TC I and TC II suggesting an increase in the endogenous binding of B12 to both TC I and TC II.
51Cr‐Half Life Time of Heavy and Light Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Brinke M. ten , Regt J. de
Published: August 2010

Relatively heavy as well as relatively light human erythrocytes, obtained by ultracentrifugation of normal blood in dextran solutions of different density, were labelled with 51Cr and re‐injected into the same normal individual. By measuring the radioactivity of the blood after different intervals, the moment was determined at which radioactivity in the bloodstream had diminished to 50% (51Cr T1/2). The 51Cr T1/2 of the relatively heavy erythrocytes proved to be shorter, and that of the relatively light erythrocytes proved to be longer than that of unfractioned samples submitted to similar processing. In addition the relaively heavy fractions showed a highly variable, early loss during the first 24 hours following re‐injection.
The Presence of Non‐Recirculating Long‐Lived Lymphocytes in Rat Blood
Authors: Iversen Jens‐Gustav , Benestad Haakon Breien
Published: August 2010

An attempt has been made to find out if all the long‐lived lymphocytes in the rat are recirculating between blood and lymph.

Selective labelling of long‐lived lymphocytes was obtained by daily injections of 3H‐thymidine for a period of 2–3 weeks, and by subsequently waiting at least 14 days after the last injection. The rats were then depleted of recirculating lymphocytes by continuous drainage of thoracic duct lymph for 2–4 days. The content of labelled cells in blood and thoracic duct lymph at various stages during the drainage period was evaluated by radioautographic and radiochemical techniques. The lymph depletion caused a reduction in the percentage of labelled cells in thoracic duct lymph, but not in blood, where actually an increase in the percentage of labelled lymphocytes was recorded.

The results suggest that there is a group of long‐lived lymphocytes in rats which do not recirculate between blood and lymph.
Urinary Immunoglobulins in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Lindström Folke D. , Jr. Ralph C. Williams , Theologides Athanasios
Published: August 2010

Urinary immunoglobulins were studied in 63 patients with different types of cancer. The main object was to investigate the occurrence of monoclonal immunoglobulins, primarily of the Bence Jones type, in the urine. Cancer of the breast dominated in the group as a whole (23 cases), and different forms of gastrointestinal cancer dominated among the remaining cases. Elevated levels of urinary light chains were discovered in 8 out of 63 patients. A marked predominance of kappa‐type light chains was noted, similar to what has been observed in leukaemia and lymphoma. However, they lacked the electrophoretic homogeneity of Bence Jones protein.
Cytoplasmic Microtubules and Radial‐Segmented Nuclei (Rieder Cells)
Authors: Norberg Bo
Published: August 2010

In previous studies it was shown that cytoplasmic microtubules are instrumental structures in the formation of radial‐segmented (RS) nuclei in human lymphocytes and monocytes. The present study was concerned with the quantitative distribution of microtubule constituents in the cytoplasm of RS cells and with the course and position of individual microtubules. The quantitative distribution of microtubule constituents was evaluated from the presence of less stainable and highly refractile material in smears, thin sections, vital preparations and especially in RS cells treated with hexylene glycol, in order to extract non‐microtubular matter from the cytoplasm. On the ultrastructural level centrioles were demonstrated in the middle of the nuclear segments of RS nuclei. This finding supported the view developed from light microscopy studies that the cell centre is the point of convergence of the segments in RS nuclei. Cytoplasmic microtubules appeared to encircle the RS nuclei in the intersegmental clefts; the ends of the microtubules were probably inserted into the cell centre. The findings reported were thought to support the idea that RS is due to a contraction folding the nucleus in from the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope.
Disappearance of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Megaloblastic Anaemia after Treatment
Authors: Keller R. , Lindstrand K. , Nordén A.
Published: August 2010

Chromosome changes were studied in three patients with megaloblastic anaemia before and after treatment with vitamin B12. Chromosome No. 1 in one megaloblastic marrow showed a mean length 25% greater than normal. In another patient studied after conversion to normoblastic erythropoiesis, the mean length of the No. 1 chromosome was normal. Giant chromosomes seem to be characteristic of megaloblastic bone marrow cells. They represent a phenomenon reversible by treatment. The effect of treatment with vitamin B12 on the number of bone marrow cells with chromosome breaks was followed in one patient. A drastic decrease from 40 to 10% was observed 3–5 days after giving vitamin B12, coinciding with the reticulocyte response. In another patient blood transfusions seemed to lower the number of cells with breaks, no reticulocyte response was noted, and the marrow remained megaloblastic.
Simple Separation Technique of Peripheral Blood Cells: A New Method of Centrifugal Subfractionation
Authors: Talstad Ingebrigt
Published: August 2010

Addition and flotation methods for preparation of platelet‐ and leucocyte‐rich plasma (PLRP) were compared: Addition methods were found preferable to flotation methods due to higher yield of leucocytes (p < 0.01) and simpler technique. Inappropriate preparation of PLRP might occur in addition methods, due to partial coagulation, and in flotation methods, due to marked mixing. A new centrifuge tube is described which simplified the separation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets.