bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Intake Reduces Arterial Inflammation and Atherosclerotic Lesion Microcalcification in Healthy Older Populations
Authors: Zoubdane Nada , Abdo Redha-Alla , Nguyen Michel , Bentourkia M’hamed , Turcotte Eric E. , Berrougui Hicham , Fulop Tamas , Khalil Abdelouahed
Published: January 2024

Aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and convincing data have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation, which develops with advanced age, contributes significantly to cardiovascular risk. The present study aimed to use 18F-FDG/18F-NaF-PET/CT imaging to, respectively, gauge arterial inflammation and microcalcification in a healthy elderly population and to assess the potential benefits of a tyrosol- and hydroxytyrosol-rich diet on these two markers of atherosclerotic plaque fragility. Eleven healthy participants (mean age 75 ± 5.67 years) were supplemented for 6 months with high polyphenol-rich extra virgin olive oil (HP-EVOO), extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), or refined olive oil (ROO). The participants underwent PET/CT imaging with 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF radiotracers at baseline and after 6 months. 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF uptakes were quantified using standardized uptake values (SUV) and were categorized based on artery calcification and olive oil type. A total of 324 slices of the aortas of the imaged participants were analyzed for arterial inflammation and 327 slices were analyzed for microcalcification. 18F-FDG uptake was significantly higher in the non-calcified segments than in the calcified segments (SUVmax = 2.70 ± 0.62 and SUVmax = 2.54 ± 0.44, respectively, p < 0.042). Conversely, the non-calcified segments displayed significantly lower 18F-NaF uptake than the calcified segments (SUVmax = 1.90 ± 0.37 and 2.09 ± 0.24, respectively, p < 0.0001). The 6-month supplementation with HP-EVOO induced a significant reduction in 18F-FDG uptake in both the non-calcified (2.93 ± 0.23 to 2.75 ± 0.38, p < 0.004) and calcified segments of the aortas (2.25 ± 0.29 to 2.15 ± 0.19, p < 0.02). 18F-NaF uptake was also significantly lower in patients supplemented with HP-EVOO (SUVmax = 1.98 ± 0.33 at baseline compared to 1.85 ± 0.28, after the 6-month supplementation, p < 0.004), whereas no significant effect was observed with EVOO. Conversely, participants supplemented with ROO displayed a significant increase in 18F-NaF uptake (SUVmax = 1.78 ± 0.34 to 1.95 ± 0.34, p < 0.0001). The present study confirmed that a phenolic-compound-rich diet reduces both arterial inflammation and atherosclerotic lesion microcalcification and demonstrated that 18F-FDG/18F-NaF-PET/CT imaging is a valuable approach for assessing age-related arterial damage.
Multidimensional 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Ridge Preservation and Dental Implant Placement: A Systematic Review
Authors: Davidopoulou Sotiria , Batas Leonidas , Karakostas Panagiotis , Tortopidis Dimitrios , Barmpalexis Panagiotis , Assimopoulou Andreana , Angelopoulos Christos , Tsalikis Lazaros
Published: January 2024

Background: Regenerative medicine in dentistry involves tissue engineering applications suitable for the unique oral environment. In this regard, advances in computer-aided technology have facilitated the creation of 3D scaffolds using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). This review aimed to investigate whether 3D-printed scaffolds can be effectively used to achieve ridge preservation and/or predictable vertical and horizontal bone augmentation, ensuring successful outcomes for dental implant placement. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Ovid) to identify relevant studies according to specific eligibility criteria, following the PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers screened and selected studies, performed data extraction, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool for randomized clinical trials and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for non-randomized clinical trials. Results: The initial search yielded 419 articles, which were subsequently screened to remove duplicates. After evaluating 293 articles based on title and abstract, 10 studies remained for full-text assessment. Ultimately, only three studies met all the pre-established eligibility criteria. Conclusions: The studies included in this systematic review showed that the use of multidimensional customized scaffolds appears to promote dental implant placement. Nevertheless, despite the positive reported effects, further well-designed randomized clinical trials are necessary to determine the special characteristics of the optimal 3D-customized scaffold.
Utilization of Yacon Damaged Roots as a Source of FOS-Enriched Sweet-Tasting Syrup
Authors: Fernandes Pedro A. R. , Antunes Bruna L. , Liu Jianing , Ferreira Sónia S. , Fernandes Filipa , Alves Vitor D. , Silva Adriana , Nunes Cláudia , Coelho Elisabete , Coimbra Manuel A.
Published: January 2024

Damaged yacon roots, often discarded, are a rich source of sweet carbohydrates. In this context, yacon roots from the Hualqui and Crespo varieties were characterized and processed into low-calorie and low-glycemic syrups for sugar reduction in foods. Syrups were obtained using, as technological adjuvants, lemon juice and its most relevant components: citric acid and ascorbic acid. The Hualqui variety was found to be mostly composed of fructose (210 g/kg), while the Crespo variety was rich in inulin (352 g/kg). The use of lemon juice during syrup production promoted the hydrolysis of inulin to fructooligosaccharides and fructose, yielding syrups with competitive relative sweetness (0.52–0.91), glycemic index (0.21–0.40), and caloric values (186–263 kcal/100 g) to commercial syrups. The increase in citric acid concentrations promoted inulin hydrolysis, yielding, at the highest concentration, syrups with higher fructose (333–445 g/kg) and kesto-type fructooligosaccharides (11–85 g/kg) content and lower surface stickiness and stringiness. The addition of ascorbic acid, as an antioxidant agent, decreased by 10% the free sugar content, negatively impacting the sweetness level. These results evidence that fructooligosaccharides-rich syrup can be obtained from yacon-damaged roots with tailored sweetness and low glycemic and caloric properties.
Gender Identification of Chinese Mitten Crab Juveniles Based on Improved Faster R-CNN
Authors: Gu Hao , Chen Ming , Gan Dongmei
Published: January 2024

The identification of gender in Chinese mitten crab juveniles is a critical prerequisite for the automatic classification of these crab juveniles. Aiming at the problem that crab juveniles are of different sizes and relatively small, with unclear male and female characteristics and complex background environment, an algorithm C-SwinFaster for identifying the gender of Chinese mitten crab juveniles based on improved Faster R-CNN was proposed. This algorithm introduces Swin Transformer as the backbone network and an improved Path Aggregation Feature Pyramid Network (PAFPN) in the neck to obtain multi-scale high-level semantic feature maps, thereby improving the gender recognition accuracy of Chinese mitten crab male and female juveniles. Then, a self-attention mechanism is introduced into the region of interest pooling network (ROI Pooling) to enhance the model’s attention to the classification features of male and female crab juveniles and reduce background interference on the detection results. Additionally, we introduce an improved non-maximum suppression algorithm, termed Softer-NMS. This algorithm refines the process of determining precise target candidate boxes by modulating the confidence level, thereby enhancing detection accuracy. Finally, the focal loss function is introduced to train the model, reducing the weight of simple samples during the training process, and allowing the model to focus more on samples that are difficult to distinguish. Experimental results demonstrate that the enhanced C-SwinFaster algorithm significantly improves the identification accuracy of male and female Chinese mitten crab juveniles. The mean average precision (mAP) of this algorithm reaches 98.45%, marking a 10.33 percentage point increase over the original model. This algorithm has a good effect on the gender recognition of Chinese mitten crab juveniles and can provide technical support for the automatic classification of Chinese mitten crab juveniles.
Comparison of Gait Smoothness Metrics in Healthy Elderly and Young People
Authors: Antonelli Mattia , Caselli Elena , Gastaldi Laura
Published: January 2024

The goal of this study is to compare gait smoothness using different metrics. Methodologically, harmonic ratio (HR), spectral arc length (SPARC) and log dimensionless jerk (LDLJ) metrics were applied to acceleration and angular velocity data collected during gait using a wearable inertial sensor placed on the trunk. Sixteen healthy elderly (68.3 ± 4.4 years) and sixteen young (22.6 ± 1.1 years) participants volunteered for the analysis. They were requested to walk at self-selected normal and fast velocities. The results obtained with the three metrics showed variations in smoothness within and between groups. Notably, the older group exhibited contradictory smoothness trends compared to prior studies, presenting a smoother gait than the younger cohort, except for specific directional accelerations. Contradictory outcomes arose between metrics, challenging the influence of age on gait smoothness. Despite concerns about LDLJ’s susceptibility to disturbances, it emerged as the most robust metric. Conversely, HR exhibited alignment with the existing literature on specific acceleration directions. The differences observed in gait smoothness between the two age groups while walking at different speeds suggest that pace might affect smoothness evaluation. The study posits that aging may have a less pronounced impact on gait smoothness compared to cognitive impairment, implying potential clinical utility in discerning age-related gait changes. These findings highlighted the importance of a comprehensive approach to estimating gait smoothness, integrating different metrics and considering several walking speeds, crucial for understanding age-related gait alterations and their clinical implications.
Nonlinear Tolerancing: Variation Simulation and Assembly Analysis with Regard to Contact Interaction of Parts
Authors: Lupuleac Sergey , Petukhova Margarita , Shinder Julia , Titova Maria , Zaitseva Nadezhda , Churilova Maria
Published: January 2024

The variation analysis is a key tool for ensuring the high quality assembly in the process of developing the technology for manufacturing of aircraft parts. One of the main factors in variations is the deviations in the positioning procedure. This paper is devoted to the development of an approach that allows taking into account the variations during positioning and merging it with the special algorithm of contact problem solving. The impact of varied boundary conditions is incorporated into an additional vector of forces that can be interpreted as reactions to the shift of supports. The obtained results are illustrated with a case of wing-to-fuselage assembly.
On the Interpolating Family of Distributions
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Okorie Idika E.
Published: January 2024

A recent paper introduced the interpolating family (IF) of distributions, and they also derived various mathematical properties of the family. Some of the most important properties discussed were the integer order moments of the IF distributions. The moments were expressed as an integral (which were not evaluated) or as finite sums of the beta function. In this paper, more general expressions for moments of any integer order or any real order are derived. Apart from being more general, our expressions converge for a wider range of parameter values. The expressions for entropies are also derived, the maximum likelihood estimation is considered and the finite sample performance of maximum likelihood estimates is investigated.
Eigenvalue −1 of the Vertex Quadrangulation of a 4-Regular Graph
Authors: Rosenfeld Vladimir R.
Published: January 2024

The vertex quadrangulation QG of a 4-regular graph G visually looks like a graph whose vertices are depicted as empty squares, and the connecting edges are attached to the corners of the squares. In a previous work [JOMC 59, 1551–1569 (2021)], the question was posed: does the spectrum of an arbitrary unweighted graph QG include the full spectrum {3,(−1)3} of the tetrahedron graph (complete graph K4)? Previously, many bipartite and nonbipartite graphs QG with such a subspectrum have been found; for example, a nonbipartite variant of the graph QK5. Here, we present one of the variants of the nonbipartite vertex quadrangulation QO of the octahedron graph O, which has eigenvalue (−1) of multiplicity 2 in the spectrum, while the spectrum of the bipartite variant QO contains eigenvalue (−1) of multiplicity 3. Thus, in the case of nonbipartite graphs, the answer to the question posed depends on the particular graph QG. Here, we continue to explore the spectrum of graphs QG. Some possible connections of the mathematical theme to chemistry are also noted.
A Rapid Method to Predict Beer Shelf Life Using an MS-Based e-Nose
Authors: de Lima Ana Carolina , Aceña Laura , Mestres Montserrat , Boqué Ricard
Published: January 2024

A rapid and efficient technique was applied, which used an electronic nose based on a mass detector (MS-based e-nose) combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction sampling and chemometric tools to classify beer samples between fresh and aged and between samples contained in aluminium cans or glass bottles, and to predict the shelf life of beer. The mass spectra obtained from the MS-based e-nose contained details about volatile compounds and were recorded as the abundance of each ion at different mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios. The analysis was performed on 53 naturally aged samples for eleven months without light and with a controlled temperature of around 14 °C ± 0.5 °C. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the data and showed a grouping of samples between fresh and aged. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) allowed the discrimination of fresh from aged beers but could not discriminate between the samples according to the type of packaging. Finally, partial least squares regression (PLSR) proved to be an effective method for predicting beer shelf life.
Recruitment Patterns and Environmental Sensitivity of Glass Eels of Anguilla japonica in the Yangtze Estuary, China
Authors: Guo Hongyi , Zhang Xuguang , Zhang Ya , Tang Wenqiao , Liu Kai
Published: January 2024

The decline of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) populations in the Yangtze River estuary represents a critical conservation concern. Eleven-years of daily catch data during recruitment periods (i.e., January–April, 2012–2022) indicate that annual catch averaged from 153 to 1108 eels, and show a bimodal pattern in glass eel arrivals. Utilizing seasonal-trend decomposition and generalized additive models, we demonstrated a strong correlation between catch abundance, optimal water temperatures, and lunar cycles. An auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model predicts an increase in glass eel numbers for 2023–2024 but also points to a concerning trend of delayed recruitment timing since 2016, attributable to the 0.48 °C per decade rise in sea surface temperatures. This delay correlates with a significant decrease in the average body weight of glass eels, suggesting potential energy deficits that may hinder successful upstream migration. This study not only furthers our understanding of glass eel recruitment dynamics but also underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation measures. Additionally, it highlights the importance of sustained, detailed monitoring to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change on these eels, vital for preserving the Yangtze River’s ecological integrity.
DNA Interactions and Biological Activity of 2,9-Disubstituted 1,10-Phenanthroline Thiosemicarbazone-Based Ligands and a 4-Phenylthiazole Derivative
Authors: Nicolás Álvaro , Quero Julia G. , Barroso Marta , Gándara Zoila , Gude Lourdes
Published: January 2024

Four 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives (1–4) were synthesized as potential telomeric DNA binders, three substituted in their chains with thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) and one 4-phenylthiazole derivative. The compounds were characterized using NMR, HRMS, FTIR-spectroscopy and combustion elemental analysis. Quadruplex and dsDNA interactions were preliminarily studied, especially for neutral derivative 1, using FRET-based DNA melting assays, equilibrium dialysis (both competitive and non-competitive), circular dichroism and viscosity titrations. The TSC derivatives bind and stabilize the telomeric Tel22 quadruplex more efficiently than dsDNA, with an estimated 24-fold selectivity determined through equilibrium dialysis for compound 1. In addition, cytotoxic activity against various tumor cells (PC-3, DU145, HeLa, MCF-7 and HT29) and two normal cell lines (HFF-1 and RWPE-1) was evaluated. Except for the 4-phenylthiazole derivative, which was inactive, the compounds showed moderate cytotoxic properties, with the salts displaying lower IC50 values (30–80 μM), compared to the neutral TSC, except in PC-3 cells (IC50 (1) = 18 μM). However, the neutral derivative was the only compound that exhibited a modest selectivity in the case of prostate cells (tumor PC-3 versus healthy RWPE-1). Cell cycle analysis and Annexin V/PI assays revealed that the compounds can produce cell death by apoptosis, an effect that has proven to be similar to that demonstrated by other known 1,10-phenanthroline G4 ligands endowed with antitumor properties, such as PhenDC3 and PhenQE8.
Inhibition of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia by Blocking Toll-like Receptor 4: Comparison of Wild-Type and Toll-like Receptor 4 Gene Knockout Mice on Obesity and Diabetes Modeling
Authors: Zhao Xingyu , Zheng Jiawei , Wang Jing , Li Bin , Huang Wuyang
Published: January 2024

Innate immune receptor TLR4 plays an important role in glycolipid metabolism. The objective of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of blocking TLR4 on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by comparing WT and TLR4−/− mice in obesity and diabetes modeling. The knockout of the TLR4 gene could prevent weight gain induced by a high-fat diet (HFD)/high-sugar and high-fat diet (HSHFD), and the differences in the responses existed between the sexes. It extends the time required to reach the obesity criteria. However, when mice were injected with intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) after being fed by HSHFD for two months, TLR4−/− mice exhibited less weight loss than WT. Blocking TLR4 alleviated the changes in body weight and blood glucose, consequently reducing the efficiency of diabetes modeling, especially for male mice. Additionally, male TLR4−/− obese mice exhibit lower total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in serum and less formation of fat droplets in the liver compared to WT. On the other hand, the knockout of TLR4 significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of male mice. This study should provide new insights into the role of TLR4, as well as opportunities to target novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes.
Na+,K+-ATPase with Disrupted Na+ Binding Sites I and III Binds Na+ with Increased Affinity at Site II and Undergoes Na+-Activated Phosphorylation with ATP
Authors: Nielsen Hang N. , Holm Rikke , Sweazey Ryan , Andersen Jens Peter , Artigas Pablo , Vilsen Bente
Published: January 2024

Na+,K+-ATPase actively extrudes three cytoplasmic Na+ ions in exchange for two extracellular K+ ions for each ATP hydrolyzed. The atomic structure with bound Na+ identifies three Na+ sites, named I, II, and III. It has been proposed that site III is the first to be occupied and site II last, when Na+ binds from the cytoplasmic side. It is usually assumed that the occupation of all three Na+ sites is obligatory for the activation of phosphoryl transfer from ATP. To obtain more insight into the individual roles of the ion-binding sites, we have analyzed a series of seven mutants with substitution of the critical ion-binding residue Ser777, which is a shared ligand between Na+ sites I and III. Surprisingly, mutants with large and bulky substituents expected to prevent or profoundly disturb Na+ access to sites I and III retain the ability to form a phosphoenzyme from ATP, even with increased apparent Na+ affinity. This indicates that Na+ binding solely at site II is sufficient to promote phosphorylation. These mutations appear to lock the membrane sector into an E1-like configuration, allowing Na+ but not K+ to bind at site II, while the cytoplasmic sector undergoes conformational changes uncoupled from the membrane sector.
Predicting Risk of Bullying Victimization among Primary and Secondary School Students: Based on a Machine Learning Model
Authors: Qiu Tian , Wang Sizhe , Hu Di , Feng Ningning , Cui Lijuan
Published: January 2024

School bullying among primary and secondary school students has received increasing attention, and identifying relevant factors is a crucial way to reduce the risk of bullying victimization. Machine learning methods can help researchers predict and identify individual risk behaviors. Through a machine learning approach (i.e., the gradient boosting decision tree model, GBDT), the present longitudinal study aims to systematically examine individual, family, and school environment factors that can predict the risk of bullying victimization among primary and secondary school students a year later. A total of 2767 participants (2065 secondary school students, 702 primary school students, 55.20% female students, mean age at T1 was 12.22) completed measures of 24 predictors at the first wave, including individual factors (e.g., self-control, gender, grade), family factors (family cohesion, parental control, parenting style), peer factor (peer relationship), and school factors (teacher–student relationship, learning capacity). A year later (i.e., T2), they completed the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire. The GBDT model predicted whether primary and secondary school students would be exposed to school bullying after one year by training a series of base learners and outputting the importance ranking of predictors. The GBDT model performed well. The GBDT model yielded the top 6 predictors: teacher–student relationship, peer relationship, family cohesion, negative affect, anxiety, and denying parenting style. The protective factors (i.e., teacher–student relationship, peer relationship, and family cohesion) and risk factors (i.e., negative affect, anxiety, and denying parenting style) associated with the risk of bullying victimization a year later among primary and secondary school students are identified by using a machine learning approach. The GBDT model can be used as a tool to predict the future risk of bullying victimization for children and adolescents and to help improve the effectiveness of school bullying interventions.
Preliminary Research on Outdoor Thermal Comfort Evaluation in Severe Cold Regions by Machine Learning
Authors: Xi Tianyu , Wang Ming , Cao Enjia , Li Jin , Wang Yong , Sa’ad Salanke Umar
Published: January 2024

The thermal comfort evaluation of the urban environment arouses widespread concern among scholars, and research in this field is mostly based on thermal comfort evaluation indexes such as PMV, PET, SET, UTCI, etc. These thermal comfort index evaluation models are complex in the calculation process and poor in operability, which makes it difficult for people who lack a relevant knowledge background to understand, calculate, and apply them. The purpose of this study is to provide a simple, efficient, and easy-to-operate outdoor thermal comfort evaluation model for severe cold areas in China using a machine learning method. In this study, the physical environment parameters are obtained by field measurement, and individual information is obtained by a field questionnaire survey. The applicability of four machine learning models in outdoor thermal comfort evaluation is studied. A total of 320 questionnaires are collected. The results show that the correlation coefficients between predicted values and voting values of the extreme gradient lifting model, gradient lifting model, random forest model, and neural network model are 0.9313, 0.7148, 0.9115, and 0.5325, respectively. Further analysis of the extreme gradient model with the highest correlation coefficient shows that individual factors (such as residence time, distance between hometown and residence, clothing, age, height, and weight) and environmental factors (such as air humidity (RH), wind speed (v), air temperature (Ta), and black bulb temperature (Tg)) have different influences on thermal comfort evaluation. In summary, using a machine learning method to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort is simpler, more direct, and more efficient, and it can make up for the lack of consideration of complex individual factors in the evaluation method of thermal comfort index. The results have reference value and application value for the research of outdoor thermal comfort evaluation in severe cold areas of China.
Long-Term Bearing Capacity of Concrete Pile Composite Foundation under Composite Salt Erosion
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Yang Xiaohua , Zhang Shasha , Chen Chi , Zhao Yanhu
Published: January 2024

In order to study the long-term bearing capacity of concrete pile composite foundation in the Salt Lake area, based on the Tehran Isfahan high-speed railway project in Iran, the full (semi) immersion drying test and rapid freeze-thaw test was carried out, and the specimens were scanned by electron microscope. Numerical calculations were used to study the effects of different pile strengths and design parameters on the long-term bearing capacity of the composite foundation. The main conclusions were as follows: The concrete specimens in the adsorption zone deteriorated earlier and faster. In the rapid freeze-thaw tests, the strength attenuation of high-strength (C40, C50) specimens was smaller than that of low-strength specimens (C20). Within 20 years after construction, the additional settlement of low-strength (C20) piles was 12.21 mm, while high-strength concrete was less affected by deterioration. With pile spacing ranging from 1.8 m to 4.5 m, the maximum increase in additional settlement under the C20 condition was about 20 mm. The pile-soil stress ratio under the three conditions increased by 2.42, 6.59, and 8.63. As the pile length and diameter increased, the peak stress of the pile body moved towards the pile end, and the changes in the pile-soil stress ratio under the three conditions were similar.
Comparative Study on the Dynamic Response of Asphalt Pavement Structures: Analysis Using the Classic Kelvin, Maxwell, and Three-Parameter Solid Models
Authors: He Yonghai , Lv Songtao , Xie Nasi , Meng Huilin , Lei Wei , Pu Changyu , Ma Huabao , Wang Ziyang , Zheng Guozhi , Peng Xinghai
Published: January 2024

This study addressed the complex problems of selecting a constitutive model to objectively characterize asphalt mixtures and accurately determine their viscoelastic properties, which are influenced by numerous variables. Inaccuracies in model or parameter determination can result in significant discrepancies between the calculated and measured results of the pavement’s structural dynamic response. To address this, the research utilized the physical engineering principles of asphalt pavement structure to perform dynamic modulus tests on three types of high-content rubberized asphalt mixtures (HCRAM) within the surface layer. The research aimed to investigate the influencing factors of the dynamic modulus and establish a comprehensive master curve. This study also critically evaluated the capabilities of three viscoelastic models—the three-parameter solid model, the classical Maxwell model, and the classical Kelvin model—in depicting the dynamic modulus of HCRAM. The findings indicated a negative correlation between the dynamic modulus of the asphalt mixture and temperature, while a positive association exists between the loading frequency and temperature, with the impact of the loading frequency diminishing as the temperature increases. Notably, the three-parameter solid model was identified as the most accurate in describing the viscoelastic properties of the HCRAM. Furthermore, the dynamic response calculations revealed that most indexes in the surface layer’s dynamic response are highest when evaluated using the three-parameter viscoelastic model, underscoring its potential to enhance the pavement performance’s predictive accuracy. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing the material performance and guiding the pavement design and maintenance strategies.
Experimental Study on the Evolution Law of the Mechanical and Pore Characteristic Parameters of Set Cement under High- and Ultra-High-Temperature Treatments
Authors: Xi Yan , Xing Junhao , Feng Jiajia , Ma Congming , Yang Xiutian , Tian Yudong , Liu Xin
Published: January 2024

Cement has been widely used as a structural material in many underground projects, and these projects often face high- or ultra-high-temperature environments, leading to the deterioration of the mechanical, porosity, and permeability properties of set cement, thereby increasing the risk of instability of underground structures. In response to this, two new temperature-resistant cement slurry systems were designed. Experiments were conducted on the changes in porosity and permeability of set cement after thermal treatment using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology (NMR), visual studies of pore and crack development were carried out using the argon-ion polishing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and computed tomography (CT) methods. The research results show that as the thermal treatment temperature continued to rise, the compressive strength first increased (25 °C–200 °C) and then decreased (200 °C–600 °C). The porosity of the set cement first decreased (25 °C–115 °C) and then increased (115 °C–600 °C), and the penetration first slowly increased (25 °C–400 °C) and then rapidly increased (400 °C–600 °C). Visualization experiments were conducted on micro-cracks and the pore distribution of the set cement under high- and ultra-high-temperatures, which proved the evolution law of these characteristic parameters. The research results have vital reference significance for the protection of the structural stability of cement components when encountering high-temperature environments.
Phase Transformation of Zr-Modified LaNiO3 Perovskite Materials: Effect of CO2 Reforming of Methane to Syngas
Authors: Sagar Tatiparthi Vikram , Lingaiah Nakka , Sai Prasad Potharaju S. , Tušar Nataša Novak , Štangar Urška Lavrenčič
Published: January 2024

Zr-modified LaNiO3 catalysts (LaNixZr1−xO3; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are synthesized by the sol–gel method. The physio-chemical properties of materials are investigated using different characterization techniques and evaluated for the CO2 reforming of methane to syngas. Interestingly, the characterization studies revealed the phase transformation from La-Zr pyrochlore to La-Ni perovskite depending on the Ni:Zr ratio in the material. The formation of the pyrochlore phase is observed for high-Zr-containing catalysts, thus leading to the production of bulk NiO. The formation of La-Ni perovskite is observed for high-Ni-containing catalysts and the ZrO2 acted as a support. The formation of La-Ni perovskite supported on ZrO2 enhanced the Ni dispersion of the catalysts. The high dispersion of Ni enhanced the catalytic activity, and LaNi0.8Zr0.2O3 showed the best performance among all of the studied catalysts in terms of conversions and the H2/CO ratio.
Peto’s “Paradox” and Six Degrees of Cancer Prevalence
Authors: Szasz Andras
Published: January 2024

Peto’s paradox and the epidemiologic observation of the average six degrees of tumor prevalence are studied and hypothetically solved. A simple consideration, Petho’s paradox challenges our intuitive understanding of cancer risk and prevalence. Our simple consideration is that the more a cell divides, the higher the chance of acquiring cancerous mutations, and so the larger or longer-lived organisms have more cells and undergo more cell divisions over their lifetime, expecting to have a higher risk of developing cancer. Paradoxically, it is not supported by the observations. The allometric scaling of species could answer the Peto paradox. Another paradoxical human epidemiology observation in six average mutations is necessary for cancer prevalence, despite the random expectations of the tumor causes. To solve this challenge, game theory could be applied. The inherited and random DNA mutations in the replication process nonlinearly drive cancer development. The statistical variance concept does not reasonably describe tumor development. Instead, the Darwinian natural selection principle is applied. The mutations in the healthy organism’s cellular population can serve the species’ evolutionary adaptation by the selective pressure of the circumstances. Still, some cells collect multiple uncorrected mutations, adapt to the extreme stress in the stromal environment, and develop subclinical phases of cancer in the individual. This process needs extensive subsequent DNA replications to heritage and collect additional mutations, which are only marginal alone. Still, together, they are preparing for the first stage of the precancerous condition. In the second stage, when one of the caretaker genes is accidentally mutated, the caused genetic instability prepares the cell to fight for its survival and avoid apoptosis. This can be described as a competitive game. In the third stage, the precancerous cell develops uncontrolled proliferation with the damaged gatekeeper gene and forces the new game strategy with binary cooperation with stromal cells for alimentation. In the fourth stage, the starving conditions cause a game change again, starting a cooperative game, where the malignant cells cooperate and force the cooperation of the stromal host, too. In the fifth stage, the resetting of homeostasis finishes the subclinical stage, and in the fifth stage, the clinical phase starts. The prevention of the development of mutated cells is more complex than averting exposure to mutagens from the environment throughout the organism’s lifetime. Mutagenic exposure can increase the otherwise random imperfect DNA reproduction, increasing the likelihood of cancer development, but mutations exist. Toxic exposure is more challenging; it may select the tolerant cells on this particular toxic stress, so these mutations have more facility to avoid apoptosis in otherwise collected random mutational states.
Family Functioning, Maternal Depression, and Adolescent Cognitive Flexibility and Its Associations with Adolescent Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Urbańska-Grosz Justyna , Sitek Emilia J. , Pakalska Anna , Pietraszczyk-Kędziora Bożena , Skwarska Kalina , Walkiewicz Maciej
Published: January 2024

Background: This study explores family functioning and its associations with adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD), comparing its dynamics with healthy counterparts. Family functioning (cohesion, flexibility, communication, and satisfaction), maternal depressive symptoms, postpartum depression history, parental divorce, parental alcohol abuse, and the adolescents’ cognitive flexibility, are examined. The research incorporates the perspectives of both adolescents and mothers. Methods: The sample includes 63 mother-teenager dyads in the clinical group and 43 in the control group. Instruments encompass the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES IV), Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI-2), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), The Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test, and structured interviews. Results: Families of adolescents with MDD exhibit lower flexibility, cohesion, communication, and overall satisfaction. Depressed adolescents display reduced cognitive flexibility. Discrepancies were observed between adolescents’ and mothers’ perspectives as associated with adolescents’ MDD. Teenagers emphasized the severity of maternal depressive symptoms, while mothers highlighted the importance of family cohesion and flexibility. Conclusions: This study emphasizes a holistic strategy in addressing adolescent depression, including family-based assessment and therapy. Screening for maternal depressive symptoms is identified as valuable. Cognitive flexibility also needs to be addressed during therapy for depression in adolescence.
Pathogens in Pediatric Septic Arthritis: A Multi-Center Study in Turkiye (PEDSART Study)
Authors: Iseri Nepesov Merve , Kilic Omer , Sali Enes , Yesil Edanur , Akar Asuman , Kaman Ayse , Metin Akcan Ozge , Kilic Cil Merve , Ozlu Canan , Lacinel Gurlevik Sibel , Ulusoy Emel , Cetin Benhur Sirvan , Akici Narin , Cakir Deniz , Uslu Aygun Fatma Deniz , Hancerli Cafer Ozgur , Tekin Yilmaz Ayse , Alkan Gulsum , Uygun Hatice , Bucak Ibrahim Hakan , Bursal Burcu , Celik Taylan , Sutcu Murat , Oz Fatma Nur , Gayretli Aydin Zeynep Gokce , Karbuz Adem , Akturk Hacer , Kepenekli Eda , Emiroglu Melike , Oncel Selim , Nuhoglu Cagatay , Korucu Ismail Hakki , Incesu Mustafa , Kaya Ahmet , Bombaci Hasan , Dinleyici Meltem , Carman Kursat Bora , Duman Murat , Turel Ozden , Yilmaz Dilek , Alabaz Derya , Belet Nursen , Tanir Gonul , Turgut Mehmet , Celebi Solmaz , Kuyucu Necdet , Arisoy Emin Sami , Durmaz Gul , Kaya Mucahit , Kara Ates , Dinleyici Ener Cagri
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Septic arthritis (SA) is a serious bacterial infection that must be treated efficiently and timely. The large number of culture-negative cases makes local epidemiological data important. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the etiology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic approach of SA in children in Turkiye, emphasizing the role of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques in the diagnosis. Methods: In this multi-center, prospective study, children hospitalized due to SA between February 2018 and July 2020 in 23 hospitals in 14 cities in Turkiye were included. Clinical, demographic, laboratory, and radiological findings were assessed, and real-time PCR was performed using synovial fluid samples. Results: Seventy-five children aged between 3 and 204 months diagnosed with acute SA were enrolled. Joint pain was the main complaint at admission, and the most commonly involved joints were the knees in 58 patients (77.4%). The combination of synovial fluid culture and real-time PCR detected causative bacteria in 33 patients (44%). In 14 (18.7%) patients, the etiological agent was demonstrated using only PCR. The most commonly isolated etiologic agent was Staphylococcus aureus, which was detected in 22 (29.3%) patients, while Streptococcus pyogenes was found in 4 (5.3%) patients and Kingella kingae in 3 (4%) patients. Streptococcus pyogenes and Kingella kingae were detected using only PCR. Most patients (81.3%) received combination therapy with multiple agents, and the most commonly used combination was glycopeptides plus third-generation cephalosporin. Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogen in pediatric SA, and with the use of advanced diagnostic approaches, such as real-time PCR, the chance of diagnosis increases, especially in cases due to Kingella kingae and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Exceptional Liver Transplant Indications: Unveiling the Uncommon Landscape
Authors: Cabel Teodor , Pascu Cristina Madalina , Ghenea Catalin Stefan , Dumbrava Bogdan Florin , Gunsahin Deniz , Andrunache Andreea , Negoita Livia-Marieta , Panaitescu Afrodita , Rinja Ecaterina Mihaela , Pavel Christopher , Plotogea Oana-Mihaela , Stan-Ilie Madalina , Sandru Vasile , Mihaila Mariana
Published: January 2024

Liver transplantation represents the definitive intervention for various etiologies of liver failure and encompasses a spectrum of rare indications crucial to understanding the diverse landscape of end-stage liver disease, with significantly improved survival rates over the past three decades. Apart from commonly encountered liver transplant indications such as decompensated cirrhosis and liver cancer, several rare diseases can lead to transplantation. Recognition of these rare indications is essential, providing a lifeline to individuals facing complex liver disorders where conventional treatments fail. Collaborative efforts among healthcare experts lead not only to timely interventions but also to the continuous refinement of transplant protocols. This continued evolution in transplant medicine promises hope for those facing diverse and rare liver diseases, marking a paradigm shift in the landscape of liver disease management.
Diagnosis and Management of Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Anton-Păduraru Dana-Teodora , Murgu Alina Mariela , Bozomitu Laura Iulia , Mîndru Dana Elena , Iliescu Halițchi Codruța Olimpiada , Trofin Felicia , Ciongradi Carmen Iulia , Sârbu Ioan , Eṣanu Irina Mihaela , Azoicăi Alice Nicoleta
Published: January 2024

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is primarily known for its pulmonary consequences, which are extensively explored in the existing literature. However, it is noteworthy that individuals with CF commonly display gastrointestinal (G-I) manifestations due to the substantial presence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein in the intestinal tract. Recognized as pivotal nonpulmonary aspects of CF, G-I manifestations exhibit a diverse spectrum. Identifying and effectively managing these manifestations are crucial for sustaining health and influencing the overall quality of life for CF patients. This review aims to synthesize existing knowledge, providing a comprehensive overview of the G-I manifestations associated with CF. Each specific G-I manifestation, along with the diagnostic methodologies and therapeutic approaches, is delineated, encompassing the impact of innovative treatments targeting the fundamental effects of CF on the G-I tract. The findings underscore the imperative for prompt diagnosis and meticulous management of G-I manifestations, necessitating a multidisciplinary team approach for optimal care and enhancement of the quality of life for affected individuals. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the urgency for further clinical studies to establish a more robust evidence base for managing G-I symptoms within the context of this chronic disease. Such endeavors are deemed essential for advancing understanding and refining the clinical care of CF patients with G-I manifestations.
New Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Increased Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Branković Marija , Dukić Marija , Gmizić Tijana , Popadić Višeslav , Nikolić Novica , Sekulić Ana , Brajković Milica , Đokić Jelena , Mahmutović Edvin , Lasica Ratko , Vojnović Marko , Milovanović Tamara
Published: January 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main characteristic of the disease is the process of long-term liver inflammation, which leads to hepatocyte damage followed by liver fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. Additionally, these patients are at a greater risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). They have several pathophysiological mechanisms in common, primarily lipid metabolism disorders and lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity is a factor that leads to the occurrence of heart disease and the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, as a multifactorial disease, is one of the predominant risk factors for the development of ischemic heart disease. Therefore, CVD are one of the most significant carriers of mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome. So far, no pharmacotherapy has been established for the treatment of MASLD, but patients are advised to reduce their body weight and change their lifestyle. In recent years, several trials of different drugs, whose basic therapeutic indications include other diseases, have been conducted. Because it has been concluded that they can have beneficial effects in the treatment of these conditions as well, in this paper, the most significant results of these studies will be presented.
Performance Evaluation of the STANDARD i-Q COVID-19 Ag Test with Nasal and Oral Swab Specimens from Symptomatic Patients
Authors: Seo Jong Do , Moon Hee-Won , Shin Eunju , Kim Ji Young , Choi Sang-Gyu , Lee Ju Ae , Choi Jeong Hwa , Yun Yeo-Min
Published: January 2024

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the STANDARD i-Q COVID-19 Ag Test, which was developed to detect viral antigens, using nasal and oral swabs. Sixty positive and 100 negative samples were analyzed. We determined the distribution of the Ct values according to the day of sample collection after symptom onset, the diagnostic performance of the total samples and subgroups separated by Ct value or time of sample collection, and the Ct value at which maximal accuracy was expected. No differences were observed in Ct values, except for the samples obtained on the day of symptom onset. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the oral swabs were 75.0 and 100.0%, respectively, whereas those of the nasal swabs were 85.0 and 98.0%, respectively. The sensitivity was higher in samples with a high viral load collected earlier than those collected later, although the difference was not significant. False-negative results were confirmed in all samples with a Ct value ≥ 30.0. These results indicate that tests using oral and nasal swabs are helpful for diagnosing acute symptomatic cases with suspected high viral loads. Our tests exhibited relatively low sensitivity but high specificity rates, indicating the need to assess negative antigen test results.
Home Haemoglobin Monitoring for the Titration of Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agents in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pragmatic Pilot Trial
Authors: Bodington Richard , Lok Madeline , Bhandari Sunil
Published: January 2024

Background. No trials of POCT device pathways have been published in the field of anaemia of CKD. We describe the results of a year of use of a novel POCT device with its associated eHealth pathway in the home monitoring of ESA therapy, with the aim of evaluating device performance and pathway feasibility. Methods: We used a POCT device designed for home self-testing, able to measure Hb from a drop of capillary blood (Luma, Entia, UK). Results were shared with HCPs via an associated mobile application. The pilot ran from August 2020 to March 2022 in a single UK renal centre. All adult non-dialysis-dependent-CKD patients on ESAs were eligible for inclusion. Participants were mailed the device and trained remotely. Participants were encouraged to self-test twice weekly for up to 1 year, with data collected on a pragmatic basis. Lab and Luma’s results were compared. Results: Seventeen participants returned comparable datasets (underwent ≥ 4 lab Hb measurements and self-tested for >5 months) with a mean testing frequency of 1.6 tests/wk. 1062 Luma and 113 lab Hb results were analysed. The coefficient of variation (CV) for raw results was 8.3% with a bias of −2.0% and SD 8.5. The percentage of Luma results differing by >10% lab results was 30.9%, dropping to 17.7% using an 8-point-moving-average. Participants stated they preferred Luma to traditional ESA monitoring and recommended the pathway to others. Conclusion: One year of home self-testing with Luma yielded comparable device utility to other POCT haematology analysers derived via HCP testing. Innovative pilot trials such as this form the basis for new empowering and home-based models of care required and desired by patients and HCPs.