bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human growth hormone‐loaded nanogels composed of cinnamoyl alginate, cinnamoyl Pluronic F127, and cinnamoyl poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Lee Ju Hyup , Kim Jin‐Chul
Published: May 2015

Cinnamoyl alginate (CinAlg), cinnamoyl Pluronic F127 (CinPlu), and cinnamoyl poly(ethylene glycol) (CinPEG) could be self‐assembled into nanogels, possibly due to hydrophobic interaction among cinnamic acid (CA) residues. The nanogels were nearly spherical particles on TEM photographs. The photodimerization of CA residue had little effect on the integrity and the size of nanogel. The stability of the nanogels in blood plasma for 48 h at 37°C did not depend on UV irradiation, however they were stable in deoxycholate solution (1 and 10 mM) only when they were UV‐treated. Human growth hormone (hGH) could readily be loaded in the nanogel under an acidic condition possibly due to the electrostatic interaction between hGH and CinAlg. hGH hardly released from the nanogel at body temperature (37°C) when the release medium was at acidic condition (e.g., pH 3.0, pH 5.0; <10% in 170 h). However, it readily released at the same temperature when the medium was at physiological pH (e.g., pH 7.4; around 45% in 170 h) and at an alkaline condition (e.g., pH 9.0; >50% in 170 h). However, slow release of hGH was observed for 100 h possibly due to the layer of thermally condensed Pluronic F127 chains. In addition, initial burst release was suppressed as the CinPlu content increased. For example, the release degree at pH 9 in 60 min decreased from 15.3 to 5.9% as the CinPlu content increased from 20 to 60%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42446.
Periconceptional changes in weight and risk of delivering offspring with conotruncal heart defects
Authors: Carter Emily Hawkins , Carmichael Suzan L. , Birnie Krista , Yang Wei , Lammer Edward J. , Shaw Gary M.
Published: May 2015

Background

Maternal nutritional status has been recognized as a contributor to conotruncal heart defects, but there is limited understanding of the specific nutrition‐related factors involved. In this California case‐control study of 296 conotruncal cases and 695 nonmalformed controls we explored whether weight loss during early pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of d‐transposition of the great arteries (dTGA) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) conotruncal defects.

Methods

During telephone interviews women were asked whether they were dieting to lose weight or using weight loss remedies during 2 months before or 2 months after conception, and how much weight they gained or lost in the first 2 months of pregnancy or during the year before pregnancy.

Results

Odds ratios for dieting to lose weight and use of weight loss remedies for dTGA and TOF were not substantially elevated and all had confidence intervals that included 1.0. Mothers who had a loss of >5 lbs in the first 2 months of pregnancy as well as mothers who lost and gained >5 lbs in the first 2 months of pregnancy also did not show a significant increased risk of delivering case infants when compared with women with no weight change in the year before pregnancy.

Conclusion

Given current recommendations about limited weight gain for obese pregnant women, these data indicate that dieting may not substantially increase a fetus' risk of having a conotruncal defect. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:843–846, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unlocking and sharing data in astronomy
Authors: Henneken Edwin
Published: May 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

The astronomy community has been a leader in efforts to preserve and share research data to facilitate ongoing discoveries. Since some efforts have led to isolated and abandoned websites, the need to deposit data in specifically designed and maintained repositories is now recognized. These repositories may apply persistent data identifiers to data products including large and small datasets, software and raw data throughout the research cycle. Researchers should be encouraged to deposit and share data, but guidelines and practices are inconsistent and publishers' policies vary. Agreement among stakeholders must be found on clearly defined standards for data citation and linking through publications. Establishing and complying with citation standards for all related data products will promote data discovery and reuse.
Activity‐Based Protein Profiling of Rhomboid Proteases in Liposomes
Authors: Wolf Eliane V. , Seybold Martin , Hadravová Romana , Strisovsky Kvido , Verhelst Steven H. L.
Published: May 2015

Although activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) has been used to study a variety of enzyme classes, its application to intramembrane proteases is still in its infancy. Intramembrane proteolysis is an important biochemical mechanism for activating proteins residing within the membrane in a dormant state. Rhomboid proteases (intramembrane serine proteases) are embedded in the lipid bilayers of membranes and occur in all phylogenetic domains. The study of purified rhomboid proteases has mainly been performed in detergent micelle environments. Here we report on the reconstitution of rhomboids in liposomes. Using ABPP, we have been able to detect active rhomboids in large and giant unilamellar vesicles. We have found that the inhibitor profiles of rhomboids in micelles and liposomes are similar, thus validating previous inhibitor screenings. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy experiments on the liposomes constitute the first steps towards activity‐based imaging of rhomboid proteases in membrane environments.
A Rapid and High‐Throughput Assay for the Estimation of Conversions of Ene‐Reductase‐Catalysed Reactions
Authors: Forchin Maria Chiara , Crotti Michele , Gatti Francesco G. , Parmeggiani Fabio , Brenna Elisabetta , Monti Daniela
Published: May 2015

A fast and sensitive colorimetric assay (FRED, fast and reliable ene‐reductases detection) that allows the estimation of levels of conversion of ene‐reductase (ER)‐catalysed reactions has been developed. The activated olefin is reduced by ER at the expense of NAD(P)H cofactor, whose regeneration is carried out in situ by the glucose/glucose dehydrogenase system. Subsequently, the consumption of the co‐substrate glucose is determined colorimetrically by a multienzymatic system. The FRED assay offers a wide range of possible applications, from enzyme fingerprinting and kinetic analysis, to primary screening of enzyme libraries and optimisation of ERs' performances under different reaction conditions.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could acquire the phenotypes of epithelial cells and accelerate vaginal reconstruction combined with small intestinal submucosa
Authors: Li Yanan , Liu Fangfang , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhang Mingle , Cao Shanjin , Li Yachai , Zhang Lin , Huang Xianghua , Xu Yanfang
Published: May 2015

Grafting material for vaginal reconstruction commonly includes the bowel, peritoneum, skin, and amniotic membrane. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential of multilineage differentiation into a variety of cells and have been widely explored in tissue engineering. In the current study, we examined whether MSCs could be differentiated to vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) upon co‐culturing with VECs. We also examined whether Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is implicated in such differentiation. Co‐culture of MSCs with VECs using a transwell insert system (with no direct contact) induced the expression of VECs marker AE1/AE3 in MSCs. MSCs combined with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) scaffold were implanted in place of the native vagina in rats to observe the implications for vaginal reconstruction in vivo. Anatomic repair of neovagina was assessed by histological staining for H/E and Masson's Trichrome. GSK‐3β and β‐catenin, main members of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, in MSCs were increased upon co‐culturing with VECs. Exposure of co‐cultured MSCs to a Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activator, lithium chloride (LiCl, 20 µM) increased phosphorylated GSK‐3β and β‐catenin and enhanced expression of AE1/AE3. In vivo‐grafted cells displayed significant matrix infiltration and expressed epithelial markers in neovagina. These findings suggest that MSCs could acquire the phenotype of VECs when co‐cultured with VECs, possibly via activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. MSCs provide an alternative cell source for potential use in vaginal tissue engineering.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthetic Route to a New SHG Material with Two Types of Parallel π‐Conjugated Planar Triangular Units.
Authors: Song Jun‐Ling , Hu Chun‐Li , Xu Xiang , Kong Fang , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: May 2015

Single crystals of Pb2(BO3)(NO3) are prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Pb(NO3)2 and Mg(BO2)2 at pH 5.0‐5.5 (autoclave, 210 °C, 4 d; 85% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Beryllium‐Free Rb3Al3B3O10F with Reinforced Interlayer Bonding as a Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Crystal.
Authors: Zhao Sangen , Gong Pifu , Luo Siyang , Liu Sijie , Li Lina , Asghar Muhammad Adnan , Khan Tariq , Hong Maochun , Lin Zheshuai , Luo Junhua
Published: May 2015

Rb3Al3B3O10F is prepared by solid state reaction of RbNO3, Al2O3, H3BO3, and RbF in stoichiometric amounts (773 K, 1 d; 1050 K, 120 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Phase Stability of Elemental Boron.
Authors: White Mary Anne , Cerqueira Anthony B. , Whitman Catherine A. , Johnson Michel B. , Ogitsu Tadashi
Published: May 2015

Following a review on thermodynamic data on both α‐B and β‐B, the relative stability of the allotropes is determined as a function of temperature by heat capacity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Insight into the Structure and Functional Application of the Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3‐δ Cathode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhang Huairuo , Sun Chunwen , Liu Lilu , Alonso J. A. , Fernandez‐Diaz M. T. , Chen Liquan
Published: May 2015

Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3‐δ (I) and Sr0.9Ce0.1CoO3‐δ (II) are prepared by sol‐gel reaction of Sr(NO3)2, Co(NO3)2, and Ce(NO3)3 in citric acid and ethylene glycol (353 K, 10 h) followed by gel drying and calcination in air (1373 K, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of NaNiF3·3H2O: An Unusual Ordered Variant of the ReO3 Type.
Authors: Gonzalo Elena C. , Sanjuan Maria Luisa , Hoelzel Markus , Azcondo M. Teresa , Amador Ulises , Sobrados Isabel , Sanz Jesus , Garcia‐Alvarado Flaviano , Kuhn Alois
Published: May 2015

The new title compound is precipitated from a stoichiometric aqueous solution of NiCl2 and NaF (60 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: [Ag21{S2P(OiPr)2}12] +: An Eight‐Electron Superatom.
Authors: Dhayal Rajendra S. , Liao Jian‐Hong , Liu Yu‐Chiao , Chiang Ming‐His , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Liu C. W.
Published: May 2015

The [Ag21{S2P(OiPr)2}12] (PF6) nanocluster is prepared by combining a THF solution of NH4[S2P(OiPr)2] and NaBH4 with a THF solution of Ag(MeCN)4PF6 (Schlenk tube, ‐20 °C, 4 h) followed by warming to 25 °C and multistep isolation.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Intermolecular Cross Rauhut—Currier Reaction Catalyzed by a Multifunctional Lewis Base Catalyst.
Authors: Dong Xuelin , Liang Ling , Li Erqing , Huang You
Published: May 2015

An efficient enantioselective intermolecular Rauhut—Currier reaction of 3‐arylated acrylates and α,β‐unsaturated ketones as well as acroleins is developed using a multifunctional phosphine as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloroacetate‐Promoted Selective Oxidation of Heterobenzylic Methylenes under Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Liu Jianming , Zhang Xin , Yi Hong , Liu Chao , Liu Ren , Zhang Heng , Zhuo Kelei , Lei Aiwen
Published: May 2015

The selective oxidation of heterocyclic substituted alkanes at the benzylic position is achieved by Cu(II)‐catalyzed oxidation with molecular oxygen using ethyl chloroacetate as promotor.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Controlled Regiodivergent Ni‐Catalyzed Reductive Carboxylation of Allyl Esters with CO2.
Authors: Moragas Toni , Cornella Josep , Martin Ruben
Published: May 2015

Products (III) and (VI) are obtained with E:Z ratios ≥ 9:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Silacarboxylation of Allenes with Carbon Dioxide and a Silylborane.
Authors: Tani Yosuke , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Terao Jun , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: May 2015

The two title methods yields mixtures of regioisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Hydration of Alkynes Through Acid‐Assisted Broensted Acid Catalysis.
Authors: Liang Shengzong , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: May 2015

The combined acid catalyzed hydration of alkynes is an efficient one‐step synthesis of carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Aromatic Cine‐Substitution of Hydrogen: The Ionic Liquid‐Promoted von Richter Reaction.
Authors: Epishina Margarita A. , Kulikov Alexander S. , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Schulte Michael , Makhova Nina N.
Published: May 2015

Optimum reaction conditions are examined for the von Richter reaction of nitro benzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Difunctionalization of Alkynes with Sulfinic Acids and Molecular Iodine: A Simple and Convenient Approach to (E)‐β‐Iodovinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Wei Wei , Wen Jiangwei , Yang Daoshan , Jing Huijun , You Jinmao , Wang Hua
Published: May 2015

A wide range of the title compounds (III) is efficiently obtained from simple and easily available starting materials with excellent stereo‐ and regioselectivity and without use of any metal catalyst or additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Halide or Iodine‐Promoted Synthesis of 3‐Haloindene Derivatives from O‐Alkynylarene Chalcones.
Authors: Akbar Sikkandarkani , Srinivasan Kannupal
Published: May 2015

In the presence of ferric halides or iodine, o‐alkynylarene chalcones (I) undergo cyclization to give synthetically important 3‐haloindene derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Alkyl Pyrrole‐2‐carboxylates Starting from β‐Nitroacrylates and Primary Amines.
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Gabrielli Serena , Parlapiano Marco , Ballini Roberto
Published: May 2015

The title compounds (III) are efficiently obtained in one‐pot from ketal‐functionalized β‐nitro‐acrylates (I) and various primary amines (II) under acidic heterogeneous conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 2‐[2‐Aryl‐2‐oxo‐1‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)ethyl]fumarates via a One‐Pot, Two‐Step Reaction.
Authors: Zhu Dan , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: May 2015

The reaction proceeds via sequential formation of Huisgens 1,4‐dipole, Michael addition, and loss of the pyridyl moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile synthesis of Pyrazoles Through Metal‐Free Oxidative C(sp2)—H Cycloamination of Vinyl Hydrazones.
Authors: Liang Dongdong , Zhu Qiang
Published: May 2015

Optimized reaction conditions allow the cycloamination of vinyl hydrazones and diaryl hydrazones to produce a wide range of functionalized pyrazoles and indazoles, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Coumarin—Resveratrol Hybrids as 15‐Lipoxygenaze Inhibitors.
Authors: Foroumadi Alireza , et al.
Published: May 2015

All synthesized compounds are screened for their inhibitory potency against soybean 15‐lipoxygenase.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Reactivity of Homologue ortho‐Allenylbenzaldehydes Controlled by the Tether Length: Chromone versus Chromene Formation.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Fernandez Israel , Martinez del Campo Teresa , Naranjo Teresa
Published: May 2015

Microwave‐assisted hydroarylation reactions of substrates (I) provide chromene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnO Nanoparticles as an Efficient, Heterogeneous, Reusable, and Ecofriendly Catalyst for One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐(thio)one Derivatives in Water.
Authors: Hassanpour Akbar , Khanmiri Rahim Hosseinzadeh , Abolhasani Jafar
Published: May 2015

The catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity in the presented short synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Octahydroquinazolin‐2,5‐diones Catalyzed by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles.
Authors: Hedayati Vahid Reza , Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2015

Using an efficient and eco‐friendly approach, title compounds and some 2‐thione analogues are prepared in good yields and in short reaction times by a three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes with dimedone and (thio)urea using Fe3O4 nanoparticles in aqueous ethanol under reflux conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Electrochemical Syntheses of Benzo[b](1,4)‐diazepine‐7,8‐diones
Authors: Habibi Davood , Nematollahi Davood , Pordanjani Hossein Mohammadkhani , Sadeghi Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2015

via reaction of catechols with propylenediamines (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Free Stereoselective Addition of Secondary Phosphine Chalcogenides to Alkynes.
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Gusarova Nina K. , Belogorlova Nataliya A. , Shagun Vladimir A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: May 2015

The regio‐ and stereoselective addition of secondary phosphine sulfides and selenides to alkynes proceeds smoothly to afford anti‐Markovnikov monoadducts of (Z)‐structure in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐benzoselenazoles.
Authors: Su Tao , Xie Shishun , Li Bifu , Yan Jun , Huang Ling , Li Xingshu
Published: May 2015

A simple method for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) using inexpensive and readily available 2‐iodoanilines (I), various aromatic aldehydes (II) and selenium powder without ligands and other additives under mild reaction conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Monocarbocyclic Sesterterpenoids from a Marine Sponge Luffariella sp.
Authors: Su Tzu‐Rong , Liao Zuo‐Jian , Lu Mei‐Chin , Wu Yu‐Jen , Su Jui‐Hsin
Published: May 2015

Six new monocarbocyclic sesterterpenoids, named luffalides A‐F (I), (II), and (III), are isolated from the marine sponge Luffariella sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Cr4+‐Doped Ca2GeO4 Tunable Crystal.
Authors: Li Chun , Xu Jialin , Liu Wang , Zheng Dongyang , Zhang Shanli , Zhang Ying , Lin Hai , Liu Lina , Liu Jinghe , Zeng Fanming
Published: May 2015

Ca2GeO4:Cr4+ single crystals are prepared by the flux growth method from Cr2O3, GeO2, and CaCO3 using CaCl2 as the flux, and characterized by XPS, near IR, visible absorption, and near IR luminescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Octahedral Clusters with Mixed Inner Ligand Environment: Self‐Assembly, Modification and Isomerism
Authors: Naumov N. G. , Brylev K. A. , Mironov Y. V. , Cordier S. , Fedorov V. E.
Published: May 2015

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Driven Self‐Assembly: The Case of Redox‐Active Discrete Architectures
Authors: Croue V. , Goeb S. , Salle M.
Published: May 2015

Review: [57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Imine Hydrogenation with Iridium‐Catalysts: Reactions, Mechanisms and Stereocontrol
Authors: Hopmann Kathrin Helen , Bayer Annette
Published: May 2015

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Copper‐Catalyzed C‐S Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Sujatha Asha , Thomas Anns Maria , Thankachan Amrutha P. , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: May 2015

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver and Gold‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Abbiati Giorgio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: May 2015

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Generalized Theory of Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnets: Crucial Role of Spin Anharmonicity
Authors: Solontsov A.
Published: May 2015

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Naturally Occurring Polyphenolic Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Yang You , Lian Gaoyan , Yu Biao
Published: May 2015

Review: [collection of 137 naturally occurring phenolic acids and flavonoids with α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities; 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Catalysis in Continuous‐Flow Microreactors
Authors: Munirathinam Rajesh , Huskens Jurriaan , Verboom Willem
Published: May 2015

Review: [136 refs.
Shuffle up and deal: accelerating GPGPU Monte Carlo simulation with application to option pricing
Authors: Cassagnes Aurelien , Chen Yu , Ohashi Hirotada
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we demonstrate some speedup opportunity regarding Monte Carlo simulation on graphic processing unit architecture, with financial application. We leverage on the possibility of reducing the volume of actually generated random numbers, by replacing the generation phase with some shuffling using Compute Unified Device Architecture's built‐in shuffle instructions. We will study various shuffling patterns and duration, elect the best among them with regard to induced correlation, using Granger causality test. We will then study the accuracy and variance of results actually achieved by our general‐purpose computing on graphic processing unit shuffled Monte‐Carlo, exhibiting a computational time reduced by half while error remains marginal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the Synthetic Conditions on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nano‐Onions
Authors: Mykhailiv Olena , Lapinski Andrzej , Molina‐Ontoria Agustin , Regulska Elzbieta , Echegoyen Luis , Dubis Alina T. , Plonska‐Brzezinska Marta E.
Published: May 2015

Thermal annealing of nanodiamonds with diameters of a few nanometers (in an inert atmosphere and at temperatures in the range: 1500–1800 °C) leads to the formation of carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) with diameters between 5 and 6 nm, which correspond to nanostructures with six to eight graphitic layers. The resulting spherical CNO structures were thermally modified under different atmospheres and characterized by SEM, TEM, thermogravimetric analysis and spectroscopic (Raman and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform/FTIR) spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the CNOs prepared under different conditions were determined and compared. The results reveal that the CNOs show different structures with predominant spherical “small” carbon nano‐onions. The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of the CNO′s synthesis conditions on the resulting structures and study the effect of further thermal modifications on the sizes, shapes and homogeneity of these carbon nanostructures.
Kinetic Modeling of Vacuum Residue Thermal Cracking in the Visbreaking Process Using Multiobjective Optimization
Authors: Taghipour Alireza , Naderifar Abbas
Published: May 2015

A discrete six‐lump kinetic model for the thermal cracking of vacuum residue in the visbreaking process has been developed, and the time‐dependent behavior of each individual lump has been determined. A combination of the heuristic method and gradient‐based method (hybrid method) has been taken into account to optimize the parameters of the model. A new concept of objective functions has been presented and applied for optimization, so more acceptable results have been obtained. Such an approach has not been presented before. A number of 60 parameters was considered primarily, which has been reduced to 36 with the aim of flash calculation information, and optimized. The obtained results are in good agreement with experimental data. The analysis of the estimated rate constants showed that the cracking of vacuum residue to lighter products was the more dominant reaction pathway during the visbreaking process over the temperature range of 400–430 °C.
Methane Storage in a Hydrated Form as Promoted by Leucines for Possible Application to Natural Gas Transportation and Storage
Authors: Liu Yao , Chen Biyu , Chen Yulong , Zhang Shihao , Guo Weiqi , Cai Yuanhao , Tan Bien , Wang Weixing
Published: May 2015

Methane is important in future energy schemes. The main strategies for storing and transporting methane are compression, liquefaction, and physical adsorption in synthetic porous materials. Here, we show that methane can be stored in a hydrated form using natural amino acids such as leucines as effective promoters to form methane hydrate with a high formation rate and a high capacity. In addition, the methane hydrate formed from the L‐leucine solution dissociates without foaming phenomenon. We also showed that the heavier hydrocarbons in natural gas can enhance the promoting effect of L‐leucine.
Can Households Cope with Health Shocks in Vietnam?
Authors: Mitra Sophie , Palmer Michael , Mont Daniel , Groce Nora
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates the economic impact of health shocks on working‐age adults in Vietnam during 2004–2008, using a fixed effects specification. Health shocks cover disability and morbidity and are measured by ‘days unable to carry out regular activity’, ‘days in bed due to illness/injury’, and ‘hospitalization’. Overall, Vietnamese households are able to smooth total non‐health expenditures in the short run in the face of a significant rise in out‐of‐pocket health expenditures. However, this is accomplished through vulnerability‐enhancing mechanisms, especially in rural areas, including increased loans and asset sales and decreased education expenditures. Female‐headed and rural households are found to be the least able to protect consumption. Results highlight the need to extend and deepen social protection and universal health coverage. © 2015 The Authors.Health Economicspublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Мulticomponent Reactions of NH4Cl, CH2O and SH‐acids in Water as Effective Synthesis of Biologically Active Heterocycles
Authors: Akhmetova Vnira R. , Khabibullina Guzel R. , Galimzyanova Nailya F. , Kunakova Raikhana V. , Ibragimov Askhat G.
Published: May 2015

Multicomponent reactions of ammonium chloride in water with formaldehyde and SH‐acids (H2S, ethane‐1,2‐dithiol) proceed with selective formation of such heterocycles as 3,7‐dithia‐1,5‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1nonane, 3‐(1,5,3‐dithiazepan‐3‐ylmethyl)‐1,5,3‐dithiazepanе and 1,6‐bis‐(1,5,3‐dithiazepan‐3‐yl)‐2,5‐disulphanylhexane. With participation of 1,3‐propanedithiol, this reaction leads to the formation of three‐dimensional hetero(S,N)‐chain polymer. The antifungal activity of 3,7‐dithia‐1,5‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane against microscopic fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger and same for 1,6‐bis‐(1,5,3‐dithiazepan‐3‐yl)‐2,5‐disulphanylhexane against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated.
Pediatric nasoseptal flap reconstruction for suprasellar approaches
Authors: Ghosh Ankona , Hatten Kyle , Learned Kim O. , Rizzi Mark D. , Lee John Y. , Storm Phillip B. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D.
Published: May 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine the pediatric age groups viable for nasoseptal flap (NSF) reconstruction of endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) to intracranial pathology of suprasella neoplasms.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Retrospective review of 16 pediatric patients who underwent EEA with NSF reconstruction for a suprasellar defect from 2012 to 2014. Radioanatomic analysis was utilized to assess feasibility of NSF reconstruction of suprasellar neoplasms approached via EEA. Computed tomography (CT) measurements for defect size and potential flap coverage were measured by preoperative maxillofacial CT. Radiographic measurements and surgical outcomes were compared to determine if flap size would be sufficient to cover said defects in two pediatric age groups: those >10 years of age (mean age 14 years) and those <10 years (mean age 6 years).

Results

Of all patients encountered in this cohort, one postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak was identified in the >10 years of age population, and this was not due to insufficient flap coverage. Average potential flap length and width are sufficient to cover average suprasellar defect length and width in both age groups (P < .05 in all age groups).

Conclusions

Patient selection is critical for successful pediatric EEA. Preoperative radiographic assessment of NSF feasibility is a critical to ensure adequate flap coverage for suprasellar defects. NSF appears to provide a sufficient and reliable coverage option in reconstruction of suprasellar defects in pediatric patients.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 125:2451–2456, 2015
Polarization independent chipless RFID tag
Authors: Sajitha V. R. , Nijas C. M. , Roshna T. K. , Vivek R. , Vasudevan Kesavath , Mohanan P.
Published: May 2015

Fully printable polarization independent frequency domain chipless radiofrequency identification tag using the harmonic separation capability of Stepped Impedance Resonator is proposed. The data are encoded either using the magnitude or group delay of the backscattered signal. The data encoding capacity of the tag is enhanced using Frequency Shift Coding technique. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1889–1894, 2015
A 3 mW 54 GHz 0.18 μm BiCMOS voltage controlled oscillator with supply injection locking
Authors: Yu Xiao Peng , Li Y. B. , Lim Wei Meng , Yeo Kiat Seng
Published: May 2015

The key considerations of low power injection‐locked oscillator (ILO) are analyzed. Using a supply injection topology, the proposed ILO is able to work at lower supply voltage with a good balance of other performances. Fabricated in Tower JAZZ 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology, a prototype of ILO with supply injection achieves an operating frequency ranges from 53.2 to 55.3 GHz with a minimum input power of −35 dBm for a fixed control voltage. Occupying a silicon area of 0.24 mm2, the core circuit consumes 3 mW from a 0.7 V power supply. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1912–1914, 2015
A miniaturized design of 2.45‐GHz RFID tag antenna
Authors: Shi Yan , Qi Kang , Liang Chang‐Hong
Published: May 2015

This article proposes a design of the 2.45‐GHz radio frequency identification tag antenna with a small size of 30 × 7.3 × 0.5 mm3. The proposed antenna consists of two radiating elements: one is a combination of the first‐order Hilbert fractal structure and the folded dipole; the other is the bent dipole. The interaction between two radiating parts makes the proposed antenna a 150 MHz broad bandwidth covering 2.37–2.52 GHz and a 2‐dB gain across the operating frequency band. Simulated and measured results validate the good performance of the proposed tag antenna. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1905–1908, 2015
Reconfigurable triangular patch antenna with quadruple mode polarization diversity
Authors: Kong Sungsik , Choi Jaehoon
Published: May 2015

A reconfigurable triangular patch antenna with polarization diversity is proposed. The proposed switchable antenna is composed of a coaxially fed corner‐truncated equilateral triangular patch, two small parasitic triangular patches in the vicinity of the truncated corners, two PIN diodes as switches placed between the truncated corners of the patch and parasitic small patches, two RF choke inductors, and dc bias lines for practical design. The antenna has four different radiation modes depending on the on‐off states of the diodes: high‐frequency linear polarization, low‐frequency linear polarization, left‐hand circular polarization, and right‐hand circular polarization. The proposed reconfigurable antenna is designed to operate in the 2.4‐GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band for wireless communication applications such as wireless local area networks and global positioning systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1908–1912, 2015
Characterization of the designer drug bk‐2C‐B (2‐amino‐1‐(bromo‐dimethoxyphenyl)ethan‐1‐one) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry without and with derivatization with 2,2,2‐trichloroethyl chloroformate, liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Frison Giampietro , Odoardi Sara , Frasson Samuela , Sciarrone Rocco , Ortar Giorgio , Romolo Francesco Saverio , Strano Rossi Sabina
Published: May 2015

Rationale

We describe the analytical characterization of the designer drug bk‐2C‐B, a cathinone derivative, contained in a seized tablet, in the absence of an analytical standard.

Methods

The analytical techniques employed include gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), without and with derivatization with 2,2,2‐trichloroethyl chloroformate, liquid chromatography/high‐resolution‐MS (LC/HRMS) with an Orbitrap® analyzer, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). LC/HRMS measurements consisted of accurate mass measurements of MH+ ionic species under full scan conditions; comparison of experimental and calculated MH+ isotopic patterns; examination of the isotopic fine structure (IFS) of the M+1, M+2, M+3 isotopic peaks relative to the monoisotopic M+0 peak; study of MH+ collision‐induced dissociation (CID) product ions obtained in fragmentation experiments.

Results

GC/MS analysis gave highly informative EI mass spectra, particularly after the derivatization of bk‐2C‐B with 2,2,2‐trichloroethyl chloroformate. The application of LC/HRMS, allowing for accurate mass measurements at 100,000 resolving power, greatly enhanced analytical capabilities in structural characterization of this new designer drug. HRMS allowed us to obtain the accurate mass measurements of bk‐2C‐B MH+ ionic species, with a mass accuracy of 2.19 ppm; fully superimposable experimental and calculated MH+ isotopic patterns, with RIA1 and RIA2 values <4%; the IFS of the M+1, M+2, M+3 isotopic peaks relative to the monoisotopic M+0 peak completely in accordance with theoretical values. These findings enabled us to obtain the elemental composition formula of the seized drug. Furthermore, characteristic MH+ CID product ions enabled the characterization of the bk‐2C‐B molecular structure. The presence of 79Br and 81Br isotopes in the substance molecule produced a characteristic isotopic pattern in most MS spectra. Lastly, NMR spectra allowed us to obtain useful information about the position of substituents in the designer drug.

Conclusions

The combination of all the analytical techniques employed allowed the characterization of the seized psychoactive substance, in spite of the lack of a reference standard. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of thermal, mechanical and electrochemical properties of nanocomposites based on CuO modified poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend
Authors: Ayaz Sher , Ishaq Muhammad , Saeed Khalid , Ahmed Imtiaz , Khalil Naveed Khan
Published: May 2015

The preparation of binary polymer blend nanocomposites with different nanomaterials is a relatively new approach to achieve desired physical, thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical properties because it has the collective effects of both polymer blending and fillers. Transition metal oxides constitute a large class among those fillers because the precursors for metal oxides are abundantly available. However, very few studies have been accomplished on incorporating transition metal oxides into binary polymer blends. In this project, cuprous oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) with a crystallite size of 24.95 nm were incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PVC/PMMA) blend, and thin films of the nanocomposites were obtained through a solution casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, universal testing machine testing, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry were used to study morphological, crystalline, mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the blend was completely miscible and CuO NPs were well dispersed within the matrix. Mechanical properties greatly improved with each wt% addition of CuO NPs. Thermogravimetric analysis thermograms revealed a two‐stage degradation for neat PVC/PMMA blend and CuO/PVC/PMMA. Cyclic voltammetry results indicated a free electron transfer in neat blend that further improved with the incorporation of increasing percentage of CuO NPs. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:80–85, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Metal‐ and Substituent‐Dependent Structural Diversity in ­Cobalt and Nickel Isophthalate Coordination Polymers with Bis(4‐pyridylformyl)piperazine Tethers
Authors: Glatz Erika J. , Rogers Ciana M. , Bell Lestella D. , LaDuca Robert L.
Published: May 2015

Hydrothermal reactions of nickel or cobalt nitrate with the dipyridylamide ligand bis(4‐pyridylformyl)piperazine (4‐bpfp) and either 5‐methoxyisophthalate (H2omeip) or 5‐methylisophthalate (H2mip) afforded a series of coordination polymers that were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Different synthetic conditions afforded the 1D chain phase {[Ni(Homeip)2(H2omeip)(bpfp)]·2H2O}n (1) or the mutually inclined interpenetrated (4, 4) grid system in {[Ni(omeip)(bpfp)(H2O)]·2H2O}n (2). The analogous cobalt phase {[Co(omeip)(bpfp)]·3H2O}n (3) lacks bound water molecules, which enforces a non‐interpenetrated (4, 4) grid structure based on {Co2(OCO)2} dinuclear clusters. Similar clusters are seen in {[Co(mip)(bpfp)(H2O)2]·3.5H2O}n (4), which manifests a 1D ribbon structural motif. Its nickel congener {[Ni(Hmip)2(bpfp)(H2O)2]·2H2mip}n (5) also shows a 1D chain motif. A variable temperature magnetic susceptibility study indicates antiferromagnetic coupling within the dimeric units in 3 and 4 concomitant with single ion effects. Additionally, thermal degradation properties of these new materials are described.
The Crystal Structure of Symplesite
Authors: Runčevski Tomče , Makreski Petre , Dinnebier Robert E. , Jovanovski Gligor
Published: May 2015

Since the discovery of symplesite mineral in the late 19th century, a number of structural studies were performed. The crystal symmetry of this mineral was debated to be either monoclinic or triclinic. Even though this debate has ended, agreeing on the triclinic symmetry, no detailed crystal structure was reported so far. In the present contribution, we report on the crystal structure of symplesite. The crystal structure was solved and refined from high‐resolution laboratory X‐ray powder diffraction data, collected on a natural sample. Symplesite is shown to be isostructural to metavivianite (and possibly to ferrostrunzite).
Clinical Issues‐June 2015
Authors: Wood Amber , Van Wicklin Sharon A.
Published: May 2015

This Month

Ultraviolet (UV)‐cured nail polish

Key words: nail polish, UV‐cured, ultraviolet, gel nails, gel polish, shellac, hand hygiene.

Handling Ebola‐contaminated instruments and laryngoscope blades and handles

Key words: Ebola, hemorrhagic fever, decontamination, instruments, laryngoscope blades and handles.
The Effect of an Interdisciplinary QI Project to Reduce OR Foot Traffic
Authors: Rovaldi Catherine J. , King Paul J.
Published: May 2015

We instituted a multidisciplinary educational and operational quality improvement initiative to assess the effect of process interventions on reducing OR door openings and, by extension, surgical site infections. From 2009 to 2012, we conducted an initial trial to gather information and identify reasons for door openings followed by a three‐phase investigation that evaluated a total of 102 orthopedic hip and knee procedures in which we counted door openings from the time of incision to the closing of the capsule. We analyzed the effectiveness of door opening deterrents (eg, a pull shade, magnetic yellow caution tape across the door frame) and changes in traffic processes (eg, clear‐covered implant carts). The interventions and process changes showed a 50% reduction in door openings compared to the baseline.
Concept Analysis: Wrong‐Site Surgery
Authors: Watson Donna S.
Published: May 2015

A concept analysis was conducted on the concept of wrong‐site surgery (WSS) using the principle‐based method by Penrod and Hupcey. It included analysis of WSS within the context of epistemological, pragmatic, linguistic, and logical principles. The analysis found that WSS is an important concept that is universally accepted, but the definition could be improved with inclusion of comprehensive labeling for types of WSS that may occur, such as wrong patient, wrong site, wrong level/part, wrong procedure, and wrong side. Wrong‐site surgery falls into the domains of both nursing and medicine, and there is limited research on the topic specific to nursing interventions, perceptions, and contributions to prevent WSS.
Reducing Surgical Errors: Implementing a Three‐Hinge Approach to Success
Authors: Landers Ronda
Published: May 2015

Surgical errors can have serious consequences including patient deaths, and recent reports suggest that surgical errors continue to occur at unacceptable rates. Studies indicate that causative factors for surgical error include human factors, OR interruptions, staffing issues, and error‐reporting trends. A “three‐hinge” approach can be used to implement a safety program that emphasizes use of a safe surgery checklist and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services reporting requirements for ambulatory surgery centers. The three hinges are the assignment of a change agent, ideally an RN with a doctorate in nursing practice; team cohesiveness; and continuous quality monitoring.
Homing with stereovision
Authors: Nirmal Paramesh , Lyons Damian M.
Published: May 2015

Visual Homing is a navigation method based on comparing a stored image of a goal location to the current image to determine how to navigate to the goal location. It is theorized that insects such as ants and bees employ visual homing techniques to return to their nest or hive, and inspired by this, several researchers have developed elegant robot visual homing algorithms. Depth information, from visual scale, or other modality such as laser ranging, can improve the quality of homing. While insects are not well equipped for stereovision, stereovision is an effective robot sensor. We describe the challenges involved in using stereovision derived depth in visual homing and our proposed solutions. Our algorithm,Homing with Stereovision(HSV), utilizes a stereo camera mounted on a pan-tilt unit to build composite wide-field stereo images and estimate distance and orientation from the robot to the goal location. HSV is evaluated in a set of 200 indoor trials using two Pioneer 3-AT robots showing it effectively leverages stereo depth information when compared to a depth from scale approach.
Stiffness synthesis of 3-DOF planar 3RPR parallel mechanisms
Authors: Wen Kefei , Shin Chan-Bae , Seo Tae Won , Lee Jeh Won
Published: May 2015

Force control is important in robotics research for safe operation in the interaction between a manipulator and a human operator. The elasticity center is a very important characteristic for controlling the force of a manipulator, because a force acting at the elasticity center results in a pure displacement of the end-effector in the same direction as the force. Similarly, a torque acting at the elasticity center results in a pure rotation of the end-effector in the same direction as the torque. A stiffness synthesis strategy is proposed for a desired elasticity center for three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) planar parallel mechanisms (PPM) consisting of three revolute-prismatic-revolute (3RPR) links. Based on stiffness analysis, the elasticity center is derived to have a diagonal stiffness matrix in an arbitrary configuration. The stiffness synthesis is defined to determine the configuration when the elasticity center and the diagonal matrix are given. The seven nonlinear system equations are solved based on one reference input. The existence and the solvability of the nonlinear system equations were analyzed using reduced Gröbner bases. A numerical example is presented to validate the method.
The revival of the status of English in Tanzania
Authors: Ochieng Dunlop
Published: May 2015

Discussion about the official or national language in Tanzania is basically a discussion about Kiswahili and English. These two languages have been competing for official status in Tanzania since Tanganyika (Tanganyika refers to the Tanzania mainland before it united with Zanzibar in 1964) gained its independence from Britain in 1961 (Rubagumya, 1991; Schmied 1991: 195; Mulokozi, 2010). Yahya-Othman & Batibo (1996) describe the competition between English and Kiswahili in Tanzania as a swinging pendulum. In a certain period of time, the status of English rises, and in another period of time the status of Kiswahili rises, and vice versa.
Pulmonary tuberculosis space–time clustering and spatial variation in temporal trends in Portugal, 2000–2010: an updated analysis
Authors: AREIAS C. , BRIZ T. , NUNES C.
Published: May 2015

Portugal, a medium- to low-level endemic country (21·6 cases/100 000 population in 2012), has one of the highest European Union tuberculosis (TB) incidences. Although incidence is declining progressively, the country's heterogeneity in both regional endemics and their evolution suggests the importance of a better understanding of subnational epidemiology to customize TB control efforts. We aimed to update knowledge on municipality-years pulmonary TB incidence clustering, identify areas with different time trends, and show the potential of combining complementary clustering methods in control of infectious diseases. We used national surveillance municipality-level data (mainland Portugal, 2000–2010). Space–time clustering and spatial variation in temporal trends methods were applied. Space–time critical clusters identified (P < 0·001) were still the Lisbon and Oporto regions. The global incidence declined at a 5·81% mean annual percentage change, with high space–time heterogeneity and distinct time trend clusters (P < 0·001). Municipalities with incidences declining more rapidly belonged to critical areas. In particular, the Oporto trend cluster had a consistent −8·98% mean annual percentage change. Large space–time heterogeneities were identified, with critical incidences in the greater Lisbon and Oporto regions, but declining more rapidly in these regions. Oporto showed a consistent, steeper decrease and could represent a good example of local control strategy. Combining results from these approaches gives promise for prospects for infectious disease control and the design of more effective, focused interventions.
Synaptic connections of amacrine cells containing vesicular glutamate transporter 3 in baboon retinas
Authors: MARSHAK DAVID W. , CHUANG ALICE Z. , DOLINO DREW M. , JACOBY ROY A. , LIU WEILEY S. , LONG YE , SHERMAN MICHAEL B. , SUH JAE M. , VILA ALEJANDRO , MILLS STEPHEN L.
Published: May 2015

The goals of these experiments were to describe the morphology and synaptic connections of amacrine cells in the baboon retina that contain immunoreactive vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (vGluT3). These amacrine cells had the morphology characteristic of knotty bistratified type 1 cells, and their dendrites formed two plexuses on either side of the center of the inner plexiform layer. The primary dendrites received large synapses from amacrine cells, and the higher-order dendrites were both pre- and postsynaptic to other amacrine cells. Based on light microscopic immunolabeling results, these include AII cells and starburst cells, but not the polyaxonal amacrine cells tracer-coupled to ON parasol ganglion cells. The vGluT3 cells received input from ON bipolar cells at ribbon synapses and made synapses onto OFF bipolar cells, including the diffuse DB3a type. Many synapses from vGluT3 cells onto retinal ganglion cells were observed in both plexuses. At synapses where vGluT3 cells were presynaptic, two types of postsynaptic densities were observed; there were relatively thin ones characteristic of inhibitory synapses and relatively thick ones characteristic of excitatory synapses. In the light microscopic experiments with Neurobiotin-injected ganglion cells, vGluT3 cells made contacts with midget and parasol ganglion cells, including both ON and OFF types. Puncta containing immunoreactive gephyrin, an inhibitory synapse marker, were found at appositions between vGluT3 cells and each of the four types of labeled ganglion cells. The vGluT3 cells did not have detectable levels of immunoreactive γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or immunoreactive glycine transporter 1. Thus, the vGluT3 cells would be expected to have ON responses to light and make synapses onto neurons in both the ON and the OFF pathways. Taken with previous results, these findings suggest that vGluT3 cells release glycine at some of their output synapses and glutamate at others.