bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic sampling of liquid metal structures for theoretical studies on catalysis
Authors: Ruffman Charlie , Steenbergen Krista G. , Garden Anna L. , Gaston Nicola
Published: November 2023

Ab initio molecular dynamics sampling of an adsorbate on a liquid catalyst yields a more detailed treatment for catalysis.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters showing wide-range near-infrared piezochromism and their use in deep-red OLEDs
Authors: Sudhakar Pagidi , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Cordes David B. , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: November 2023

We report rare examples of organic small molecules exhibiting both thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and wide-ranging piezochromism (Δλ > 150 nm) in the near-infrared region and their utilization in deep-red OLEDs.
Linear and ring polypeptides complexed with oppositely charged surfactants: the cohesion of the complexes as revealed in atomistic simulations
Authors: Petrovskii Vladislav S. , Zholudev Stepan I. , Potemkin Igor I.
Published: November 2023

The use of linear supercharged unfolded polypeptides (SUPs) and oppositely charged surfactants in aqueous solution has demonstrated impressive adhesive properties.
Design of Cr–Ba-doped γ-Ga2O3 persistent luminescence nanoparticles for ratiometric temperature sensing and encryption information transfer
Authors: Zhao Tianqi , Abdurahman Renagul , Yang Qianting , Aiwaili Ruxiangul , Yin Xue-Bo
Published: November 2023

Design of Cr–Ba-doped γ-Ga2O3 persistent luminescence nanoparticles with Cr ions as the near-infrared emission and Ba ions to improve the emission intensity for ratiometric temperature sensing and encryption information transfer.
Integration of independent learning and physics innovation in STEAM-based renewable energy education to improve critical thinking skills in the era of Society 5.0 for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030
Authors: Indahwati Sri Dwi , Rachmadiarti Fida , Hariyono Eko , Prahani Binar Kurnia , Wibowo Firmanul Catur , Bunyamin Muhammad Abd Hadi , Satriawan Muhammad
Published: November 2023

This study aims to integrate Free Learning and Physics Innovation in STEAM-based Renewable Energy Education to improve critical thinking skills in Era Society 5.0 in order to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This research uses a literature review method that collects and analyzes related articles. The results showed that integrating Free Learning and Physics Innovation in STEAM-based Renewable Energy Education is an effective approach to improving students’ critical thinking skills. Renewable energy education is a relevant and important topic in SDG 2030, and the STEAM approach helps students understand and overcome this challenge. Era Society 5.0 emphasizes technology integration, so the educational approach must constantly be updated and adapted to the times. The results of this literature review can assist educators, policymakers, and researchers in developing educational strategies that align with the times’ needs.
Supply chain flows of sago business in Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Ahrisa Dwi , Amran Arman , Marlisa Bossa Samang Andi , Nirmayasari Mangga Andi
Published: November 2023

Sago palm is a potential starch-producing plant capable of providing economic benefits to the local community. However, its utilization still needs to be improved. Hence, optimal supply chain management is expected to control the availability of sago starch and other processed sago products to be more effective and sustainable. This study aims to analyze three supply chain flows: information flow, product flow and financial flow. This research was conducted from June to December 2022 at a sago starch production center in Polewali Mandar Regency, Independent Agricultural and Rural Training Center (P4S) of Cahaya Duta Palili. The samples in this study were purposively selected, which were 30 sago farmers, an owner of sago processing company P4S Cahaya Duta Palili, an owner of Sabar Jaya Rempah Shop, and ten consumers. The analytical method used is a mixed method using data analysis techniques, namely qualitative descriptive analysis and marketing margins. The results showed that P4S has the highest profit margin, with a cost of Rp 250,000, and P4S can make a profit of Rp 2,750,000 per production. The product and financial flows have been running well and effectively, but the flow of information to supply chain actors between farmers and P4S needs to run more efficiently. This is due to a lack of communication and information between them. Farmers do not know when P4S needs raw materials, which can hinder the flow of products, finances and information in each supply chain.
Differences in Organization Structure and the Supply Chain of Private with State-Owned Palm Oil Mills in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Gandhi Prima , Fumie Takanashi
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is the world’s largest palm oil producer. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) noted that Indonesia will produce 45.58 million tons of palm oil in 2022. This number has increased by 1.02% compared to the previous year, which reached 45.12 million tons. The palm oil industry comprises on-farms producing fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and processing industries. The processing industry can be divided into two main divisions: factories that crush FFB into crude palm oil (CPO) and factories that process CPO into various refined palm oil products. There are three actors in Indonesia’s palm oil processing business: the private sector, the government (BUMN), and small farmers. This study aims to find organizational and supply chain differences between state-owned palm oil mill companies (BUMN) and private palm oil mills. Data were obtained from documents, publications, agency research reports, or other supporting sources. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method. The results showed differences in production capacity, organizational structure, and supply chain between state-owned and private palm oil mills. However, the two palm oil mills same produce CPO and palm kernels.
Project-Based Learning as a Catalyst for Promoting Digital Literacy: A Case Study of Software Engineering Technology Students
Authors: Fami Amata , Rasita Gloria Barus Irma , Wahyoedi Bontisesari
Published: November 2023

Students of software engineering technology program must continually implement innovative pedagogical and instructional approaches to prepare the best graduates who exhibit technology adaptability. Project-based learning (PBL) encourages students to use critical thinking skills to create real-world products. This study aimed to explore students’ perceptions and experiences of a PBL instructional design for digital literacy skill development in a software engineering program. All students in the course completed eBook projects about local community villages. A questionnaire was distributed to 127 students as data sources, which were analysed thematically. After aligning the project-based learning and digital literacy components, the results show that the students have positive perceptions of the implementation of project-based learning with the infusion of digital literacy skills and describe how the project helped them enhance their skills, including acquiring, synthesizing, and creating digital content, and evaluating the intended prototype using various kinds of digital tools. Lastly, this study hopefully contributes to the existing literature on how project-based learning can be implemented to promote digital literacy skills so that further studies within other disciplines and enormous scope can be conducted.
Intérêt de la kétamine dans le traitement des douleurs chroniques
Authors: Pickering Gisèle
Published: November 2023

La kétamine est aujourd’hui fréquemment utilisée dans la prise en charge de la douleur chronique réfractaire aux traitements classiques. Selon les études, l’efficacité et les effets indésirables de la kétamine apparaissent variables, en lien avec des méthodologies et des modes d’administration hétérogènes, conduisant à des controverses sur son utilisation en clinique. Un besoin d’essais sur des cohortes plus nombreuses de patients mieux sélectionnés mais aussi d’études en « vraie vie » pour mieux quantifier son efficacité, raffiner les posologies de prescription et mieux comprendre ses effets indésirables à long terme, est régulièrement souligné dans la littérature. Toutefois, au cours des dernières années, plusieurs travaux ont permis d’avancer sur les recommandations d’utilisation. Ils soulignent en particulier la nécessité de prendre en compte à la fois les trajectoires diverses d’antalgie avec la kétamine, selon l’étiologie de la douleur, et les comorbidités, en particulier la dépression, afin d’optimiser la prise en charge des patients douloureux.
La sélection des patients en unités de soins palliatifs, une condition nécessaire du maintien du care
Authors: Thay Roger , Lefève Céline
Published: November 2023

« Les humanités en santé : approches de terrain » sont coordonnées par Claire Crignon, professeure d’histoire et de philosophie des sciences à l’université de Lorraine, qui a créé le master « humanités biomédicales » à Sorbonne université.
Orthomolekulare Medizin beim Fibromyalgie-Syndrom
Authors: Böhm Udo
Published: November 2023

Die Ätiologie des Fibromyalgie-Syndroms ist nur unklar definiert und konventionelle pharmakologische Therapiemaßnahmen sind oft unbefriedigend. Die orthomolekulare Medizin kann in Kombination mit Lebensstilmedizin und nichtmedikamentösen Maßnahmen eine zentrale Aufgabe in Sekundärprävention, komplementärer Therapie und Nachsorge des Fibromyalgie-Syndroms übernehmen. Sie kann gestörte Stoffwechselprozesse normalisieren und die wichtigsten somatischen und psychischen Symptome des Fibromyalgie-Syndroms verbessern, ohne dass im Gegensatz zur konventionellen Therapie mit schädlichen Nebenwirkungen zu rechnen ist. Der Artikel beschreibt das Fibromyalgie-Syndrom und stellt ein ganzheitlich orientiertes Konzept mit Mikronährstoffbeteiligung zur Diskussion.
A Rare Atypical Case of Asymptomatic and Spontaneous Intraneural Hematoma of Sural Nerve: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kang Shin Hyuk , Ahn Il Young , Kim Han Koo , Kim Woo Ju , Woo Soo Hyun , Kang Seung Hyun , Hong Soon Auck , Bae Tae Hui
Published: November 2023

Intraneural hematoma is a rare disease that results in an impaired nerve function because of bleeding around the peripheral nerve, with only 20 cases reported. Trauma, neoplasm, and bleeding disorders are known factors for intraneural hematoma. However, here we report atypical features of asymptomatic and spontaneous intraneural hematoma which are difficult to diagnose.

A 60-year-old woman visited our clinic with the complaint of a palpable mass on the right calf. She reported no medical history or trauma to the right calf and laboratory findings showed normal coagulopathy. Ultrasonography was performed, which indicated hematoma near saphenous vein and sural nerve or neurogenic tumor. We performed surgical exploration and intraneural hematoma was confirmed on sural nerve. Meticulous paraneuriotomy and evacuation was performed without nerve injury. Histological examination revealed intraneural hematoma with a vascular wall. No neurologic symptoms were observed.

In literature review, we acknowledge that understanding anatomy of nerve, using ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool and surgical decompression is key for intraneural hematoma. Our case report may help establish the implications of diagnosis and treatment. Also, we suggested surgical treatment is necessary even in cases that do not present symptoms because neurological symptoms and associated symptoms may occur later.
Triggering competence may protect multiple minority members from hiring discrimination
Authors: Reese Jonathan , Santos Ana Sofia , Palma Tomás A. , Roberto Magda Sofia
Published: November 2023

Hiring managers may consider hundreds of applicants for one position, leading to rapid decisions based on minimal information which may discriminate against certain individuals. However, past research shows that individuals belonging to multiple minority groups may, in fact, benefit from their intersectional status in certain contexts. First, to identify possible types of prejudice, the Attitudes Toward Gay Men (ATG) and Attitudes Toward Brazilian Men (ATB) explicit measures were created and paired with implicit association tests (IATs). Whereas participants did not show signs of explicit negative attitudes toward outgroup members, they did exhibit implicit preferences toward ingroup members. Using another sample from the same sociocultural context, potential discrimination faced by straight or gay Brazilian applicants in Portugal was examined in high or low competence scenarios, drawing inspiration from the stereotype content model. Results indicated, compared to ingroup applicants, straight and gay outgroup members were perceived alike in competence and were offered statistically similar salaries when competence was triggered; in contrast, only straight outgroup members were perceived as less competent and were offered statistically lower salaries when competence was not triggered. Findings suggest that multiple minority status may protect certain individuals from hiring discrimination, particularly in contexts where competence is not assumed.
Estimation of TbCo composition from local-minimum-energy magnetic images taken by magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope by using machine learning
Authors: Kuno Shiori , Deguchi Shinji , Sumi Satoshi , Awano Hiroyuki , Tanabe Kenji
Published: November 2023

Recently, the incorporation of machine learning (ML) has heralded significant advancements in materials science. For instance, in spintronics, it has been shown that magnetic parameters, such as the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, can be estimated from magnetic domain images using ML. Magnetic materials exhibit hysteresis, leading to numerous magnetic states with locally minimized energy (LME) even within a single sample. However, it remains uncertain whether these parameters can be derived from LME states. In our research, we explored the estimation of material parameters from an LME magnetic state using a convolutional neural network. We introduced a technique to manipulate LME magnetic states, combining the ac demagnetizing method with the magneto-optical Kerr effect. By applying this method, we generated multiple LME magnetic states from a single sample and successfully estimated its material composition. Our findings suggest that ML emphasizes not the global domain structures that are readily perceived by humans but the more subtle local domain structures that are often overlooked. Adopting this approach could potentially facilitate the estimation of magnetic parameters from any state observed in experiments, streamlining experimental processes in spintronics.
The KG oscillator in the background of external magnetic field with a Cornell interaction in non-commutative quantum mechanics
Authors: Qolizadeh M. , Motevalli S. M. , Hosseini S. S.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we investigated the two-dimensional Klein–Gordon oscillator in non-commutative quantum mechanics (NCQM). We also studied the case of a spin-0 particle moving in a background magnetic field with the Cornell potential in commutative space, non-commutative space, and non-commutative space by using a quasi-exact methodology. The Hamiltonian was modified by the non-commutative parameter θ. We observed that the terms related to the deformation parameter can be taken as perturbation terms in QM. It was demonstrated that the non-commutative Hamiltonian was derived from the Moyal–Weyl multiplication and the Bopp shift method. We numerically calculated the energy spectrum in both commutative and non-commutative spaces. The behavior of all energies (the first, second, third, and fourth states) for the magnetic field was shown graphically. Furthermore, we derive the non-relativistic limit of the energy eigenvalues, which were comparable to the energy eigenvalues in the presence of the magnetic field in commutative space, known as the Zeeman effect.
Recovering non-Maxwellian particle velocity distribution functions from collective Thomson-scattered spectra
Authors: Foo B. C. , Schaeffer D. B. , Heuer P. V.
Published: November 2023

Collective optical Thomson scattering (TS) is a diagnostic commonly used to characterize plasma parameters. These parameters are typically extracted by a fitting algorithm that minimizes the difference between a measured scattered spectrum and an analytic spectrum calculated from the velocity distribution function (VDF) of the plasma. However, most existing TS analysis algorithms assume that the VDFs are Maxwellian, and applying an algorithm that makes this assumption does not accurately extract the plasma parameters of a non-Maxwellian plasma due to the effect of non-Maxwellian deviations on the TS spectra. We present new open-source numerical tools for forward modeling analytic spectra from arbitrary VDFs and show that these tools are able to more accurately extract plasma parameters from synthetic TS spectra generated by non-Maxwellian VDFs compared to standard TS algorithms. Estimated posterior probability distributions of fits to synthetic spectra for a variety of example non-Maxwellian VDFs are used to determine uncertainties in the extracted plasma parameters and show that correlations between parameters can significantly affect the accuracy of fits in plasmas with non-Maxwellian VDFs.
Exploring the performance of T-graphene for the anode of Mg-ion and Ca-ion batteries: A first-principles study
Authors: Obaidullah  , Habiba Umme , Piya Afiya Akter , Daula Shamim Siraj Ud
Published: November 2023

Due to the growing need for high-capacity ion storage batteries, researchers are exploring new categories of electrode materials with superior electrochemical properties. In this investigation, a tetragonal symmetry of carbon named T-graphene has been taken into consideration as an anode material for Mg and Ca ion batteries for its superior electrical characteristics. To comprehend the adsorption behavior, charge transfer, and anodic properties of T-graphene, density functional theory has been employed. Initially, the most favorable adsorption sites for Mg/Ca insertion on the T-graphene have been identified and it found that bridge and octagonal hollow sites show high adsorption behavior with energy of about −1.99 and −4.86 eV, respectively. A significant amount of charge (Hirshfeld) about 0.24e and 0.79e transfer from Mg and Ca to T-graphene, respectively. When Mg/Ca is inserted, the electronic structure calculations demonstrate that T-graphene acts metallically. A very high specific capacity is found at about 1737.13 and 1985.30 mAh/g for Mg and Ca ion batteries, respectively. Moreover, the average open-circuit voltages for Mg are 0.65 V and 1.51 V for Ca. Therefore, it is assumed that T-graphene may be used as high-capacity anode material for Mg and Ca ion battery.
Simultaneous multi-parameter analysis of detonation field based on line fitting of wavelength modulated second harmonic signals
Authors: Yang Yinglian , Li Ning , Huang Xiaolong , Kang Yang , Li Can , Fan Xudong , Weng Chunsheng
Published: November 2023

In the wavelength modulation method of laser absorption spectroscopy, the second harmonic signal contains numerous information about the flow field parameters. The fitting of the second harmonic line allows us to accurately obtain some of the important parameters in the flow field. In this paper, the second harmonic signal of the absorbed laser signal is obtained by simulation for the temperature, pressure, and gas concentration in the detonation field. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is then applied to obtain the optimal parameter solution for fitting the line, thus implementing an algorithm for the simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters using the second harmonic signal. When the appropriate modulation depth and parameters of the particle swarm optimization algorithm were selected, the relative error of fitting results for temperature and pressure were within 4.94% and 9.34%. This algorithm can be used to synchronize the measurement of temperature and pressure in the presence of large variations in the modulation index.
High-order Bragg forward scattering and frequency shift of low-frequency underwater acoustic field by moving rough sea surface
Authors: Mo 莫 Ya-Xiao 亚枭 , Zhang 张 Chao-Jin 朝金 , Lu 鹿 Li-Cheng 力成 , Sun 孙 Qi-Hang 启航 , Ma 马 Li 力
Published: November 2023

Acoustic scattering modulation caused by an undulating sea surface on the space–time dimension seriously affects underwater detection and target recognition. Herein, underwater acoustic scattering modulation from a moving rough sea surface is studied based on integral equation and parabolic equation. And with the principles of grating and constructive interference, the mechanism of this acoustic scattering modulation is explained. The periodicity of the interference of moving rough sea surface will lead to the interference of the scattering field at a series of discrete angles, which will form comb-like and frequency-shift characteristics on the intensity and the frequency spectrum of the acoustic scattering field, respectively, which is a high-order Bragg scattering phenomenon. Unlike the conventional Doppler effect, the frequency shifts of the Bragg scattering phenomenon are multiples of the undulating sea surface frequency and are independent of the incident sound wave frequency. Therefore, even if a low-frequency underwater acoustic field is incident, it will produce obvious frequency shifts. Moreover, under the action of ideal sinusoidal waves, swells, fully grown wind waves, unsteady wind waves, or mixed waves, different moving rough sea surfaces create different acoustic scattering processes and possess different frequency shift characteristics. For the swell wave, which tends to be a single harmonic wave, the moving rough sea surface produces more obvious high-order scattering and frequency shifts. The same phenomena are observed on the sea surface under fully grown wind waves, however, the frequency shift slightly offsets the multiple peak frequencies of the wind wave spectrum. Comparing with the swell and fully-grown wind waves, the acoustic scattering and frequency shift are not obvious for the sea surface under unsteady wind waves.
Photostability of colloidal single photon emitter in near-infrared regime at room temperature
Authors: Jin 靳 Si-Yue 思玥 , Xu 许 Xing-Sheng 兴胜
Published: November 2023

The photostability of a colloidal single photon emitter in near-infrared regime at room temperature is investigated. The fluorescence lifetime, blinking phenomenon, and anti-bunching effect of a single CdTeSe/ZnS quantum dot with an emission wavelength of 800 nm at room temperature are studied. The second-order correlation function at zero delay time is much smaller than 0.1, which proves that the emission from single quantum dots at 800 nm is a highly pure single-photon source. The effects of the irradiation duration on the fluorescence from single quantum dots are analyzed. The experimental results can be explained by a recombination model including a multi-nonradiative recombination center model and a multi-charged model.
Photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and antibiotics in agricultural wastewater: A review
Authors: Song Jiaxin , Ashtar Malik , Yang Ying , Liu Yuan , Chen Mingming , Cao Dawei
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the treatment of agricultural wastewater has been an important aspect of environmental protection. The purpose of photocatalytic technology is to degrade pollutants by utilizing solar light energy to stimulate the migration of photocarriers to the surface of photocatalysts and occur reduction-oxidation reaction with pollutants in agricultural wastewater. Photocatalytic technology has the characteristics of high efficiency, sustainability, low-energy and free secondary pollution. It is an environmental and economical method to recover water quality that only needs sunlight. In this paper, the mechanism and research progress of photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and antibiotics from agricultural water pollution were reviewed by combining photocatalytic degradation process with agricultural treatment technology. The mechanism of influencing factors of photocatalytic degradation efficiency was discussed in detail and corresponding strategies were proposed, which has certain reference value for the development of photocatalytic degradation.
Multilayered PdTe2/thin Si heterostructures as self-powered flexible photodetectors with heart rate monitoring ability
Authors: Dong Chengyun , An Xiang , Wu Zhicheng , Zhu Zhiguo , Xie Chao , Huang Jian-An , Luo Linbao
Published: November 2023

Two-dimensional layered material/semiconductor heterostructures have emerged as a category of fascinating architectures for developing highly efficient and low-cost photodetection devices. Herein, we present the construction of a highly efficient flexible light detector operating in the visible-near infrared wavelength regime by integrating a PdTe2 multilayer on a thin Si film. A representative device achieves a good photoresponse performance at zero bias including a sizeable current on/off ratio exceeding 105, a decent responsivity of ~343 mA/W, a respectable specific detectivity of ~2.56 × 1012 Jones, and a rapid response time of 4.5/379 μs, under 730 nm light irradiation. The detector also displays an outstanding long-term air stability and operational durability. In addition, thanks to the excellent flexibility, the device can retain its prominent photodetection performance at various bending radii of curvature and upon hundreds of bending tests. Furthermore, the large responsivity and rapid response speed endow the photodetector with the ability to accurately probe heart rate, suggesting a possible application in the area of flexible and wearable health monitoring.
Modulation bandwidth enhancement in monolithic integrated two-section DFB lasers based on the detuned loading effect
Authors: Zhang Yunshan , Xu Yifan , Guan Shijian , Zheng Jilin , Gu Hongming , Li Lianyan , Xiao Rulei , Fang Tao , Zou Hui , Chen Xiangfei
Published: November 2023

Modulation bandwidth enhancement in a directly modulated two-section distributed feedback (TS-DFB) laser based on a detuned loading effect is investigated and experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the 3-dB bandwidth of the TS-DFB laser is increased to 17.6 GHz and that chirp parameter can be reduced to 2.24. Compared to the absence of a detuned loading effect, there is a 4.6 GHz increase and a 2.45 reduction, respectively. After transmitting a 10 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signal through a 5-km fiber, the modulation eye diagram still achieves a large opening. Eight-channel laser arrays with precise wavelength spacing are fabricated. Each TS-DFB laser in the array has side mode suppression ratios (SMSR) > 49.093 dB and the maximum wavelength residual < 0.316 nm.
Study of enhancement-mode GaN pFET with H plasma treated gate recess
Authors: Gao Xiaotian , Yu Guohao , Zhou Jiaan , Wang Zheming , Li Yu , Zhang Jijun , Liang Xiaoyan , Zeng Zhongming , Zhang Baoshun
Published: November 2023

This letter showcases the successful fabrication of an enhancement-mode (E-mode) buried p-channel GaN field-effect-transistor on a standard p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN-on-Si power HEMT substrate. The transistor exhibits a threshold voltage (V
TH) of −3.8 V, a maximum ON-state current (I
ON) of 1.12 mA/mm, and an impressive I
ON/I
OFF ratio of 107. To achieve these remarkable results, an H plasma treatment was strategically applied to the gated p-GaN region, where a relatively thick GaN layer (i.e., 70 nm) was kept intact without aggressive gate recess. Through this treatment, the top portion of the GaN layer was converted to be hole-free, leaving only the bottom portion p-type and spatially separated from the etched GaN surface and gate-oxide/GaN interface. This approach allows for E-mode operation while retaining high-quality p-channel characteristics.
Incomplete charge transfer in CMOS image sensor caused by Si/SiO2 interface states in the TG channel
Authors: Lu Xi , Liu Changju , Zhao Pinyuan , Zhang Yu , Li Bei , Zhang Zhenzhen , Xu Jiangtao
Published: November 2023

CMOS image sensors produced by the existing CMOS manufacturing process usually have difficulty achieving complete charge transfer owing to the introduction of potential barriers or Si/SiO2 interface state traps in the charge transfer path, which reduces the charge transfer efficiency and image quality. Until now, scholars have only considered mechanisms that limit charge transfer from the perspectives of potential barriers and spill back effect under high illumination condition. However, the existing models have thus far ignored the charge transfer limitation due to Si/SiO2 interface state traps in the transfer gate channel, particularly under low illumination. Therefore, this paper proposes, for the first time, an analytical model for quantifying the incomplete charge transfer caused by Si/SiO2 interface state traps in the transfer gate channel under low illumination. This model can predict the variation rules of the number of untransferred charges and charge transfer efficiency when the trap energy level follows Gaussian distribution, exponential distribution and measured distribution. The model was verified with technology computer-aided design simulations, and the results showed that the simulation results exhibit the consistency with the proposed model.
Exploration of sensations evoked during electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist level
Authors: Malesevic Nebojsa , Lindén Frida , Fureby Lycke , Rudervall Carolina , Björkman Anders , Antfolk Christian
Published: November 2023

Objective. Nerve rehabilitation following nerve injury or surgery at the wrist level is a lengthy process during which not only peripheral nerves regrow towards receptors and muscles, but also the brain undergoes plastic changes. As a result, at the time when nerves reach their targets, the brain might have already allocated some of the areas within the somatosensory cortex that originally processed hand signals to some other regions of the body. The aim of this study is to show that it is possible to evoke a variety of somatotopic sensations related to the hand while stimulating proximally to the injury, therefore, providing the brain with the relevant inputs from the hand regions affected by the nerve damage. Approach. This study included electrical stimulation of 28 able-bodied participants where an electrode that acted as a cathode was placed above the Median nerve at the wrist level. The parameters of electrical stimulation, amplitude, frequency, and pulse shape, were modulated within predefined ranges to evaluate their influence on the evoked sensations. Main results. Using this methodology, the participants reported a wide variety of somatotopic sensations from the hand regions distal to the stimulation electrode. Significance. Furthermore, to propose an accelerated stimulation tuning procedure that could be implemented in a clinical protocol and/or standalone device for providing meaningful sensations to the somatosensory cortex during nerve regeneration, we trained machine-learning techniques using the gathered data to predict the location/area, naturalness, and sensation type of the evoked sensations following different stimulation patterns.
Assessment of a new nutrient management strategy to control harmful cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu using a hydrodynamic-ecological model
Authors: Weng Xi , Jiang Cuiling , Yuan Menglin , Zeng Tianshan , Sheng Ming
Published: November 2023

The external nutrient loading significantly affects large shallow lakes, particularly those with intricate rive networks. In Lake Taihu, pollutant discharge standards have traditionally been quantified based on water environmental capacity, while neglecting the response characteristics of algal growth in different regions to boundary inputs. For that analysis, this study first estimated the river pollutant loadings of 16 most significant inflow and outflow rivers of Lake Taihu from 2008 to 2020 and explored the correlations between inflow water quality parameters and lacustrine chlorophyll-a levels. Results highlighted the significant influence of high river input of permanganate values in spring on the chlorophyll-a levels in the lake. Based on this, this study proposed the hypothesis that reducing the inflow concentration of permanganate in spring would inhibit algal growth, which was further validated using coupled hydrodynamic and ecological models. The simulation results indicated that the reduction of permanganate inflow concentration during spring would significantly decrease chlorophyll-a concentration in spring and summer, especially leading to a notable impact on peak values. However, due to variations in background concentrations among rivers, the extent of reduction in lake chlorophyll-a levels showed significant spatial differences. Additionally, analysis of extracted algal bloom areas revealed that there still remained a relatively high risk of algal blooms occurring in the main regions, particularly during autumn when inflow pollutant concentrations increased rapidly. These findings emphasized the importance of formulating reasonable exogenous reduction schemes, which should consider the concentration and variation trend of inflow pollutants, as well as the response characteristics of algal bloom growth in different lake zones to the boundary.
Breast cancer diagnosis through knowledge distillation of Swin transformer-based teacher–student models
Authors: Kolla Bhavannarayanna , P Venugopal
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer is a significant global health concern, emphasizing the crucial need for a timely and accurate diagnosis to enhance survival rates. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on pathologists analyzing whole-slide images (WSIs) to identify and diagnose malignancies. However, this task is complex, demanding specialized expertise and imposing a substantial workload on pathologists. Additionally, existing deep learning models, commonly employed for classifying histopathology images, often need enhancements to ensure their suitability for real-time deployment on WSI, especially when trained for small regions of interest (ROIs). This article introduces two Swin transformer-based architectures: the teacher model, characterized by its moderate size, and the lightweight student model. Both models are trained using a publicly available dataset of breast cancer histopathology images, focusing on ROIs with varying magnification factors. Transfer learning is applied to train the teacher model, and knowledge distillation (KD) transfers its capabilities to the student model. To enhance validation accuracy and minimize the total loss in KD, we employ the state–action–reward–state–action (SARSA) reinforcement learning algorithm. The algorithm dynamically computes temperature and a weighting factor throughout the KD process to achieve high accuracy within a considerably shorter training timeframe. Additionally, the student model is deployed to analyze malignancies in WSI. Despite the student model being only one-third the size and flops of the teacher model, it achieves an impressive accuracy of 98.71%, slightly below the teacher’s accuracy of 98.91%. Experimental results demonstrate that the student model can process WSIs at a throughput of 1.67 samples s−1 with an accuracy of 82%. The proposed student model, trained using KD and the SARSA algorithm, exhibits promising breast cancer classification and WSI analysis performance. These findings indicate its potential for assisting pathologists in diagnosing breast cancer accurately and effectively.
Finding the Missing Calcifications: How Deep to Cut?
Authors: Layfield L J , White M , Esebua M
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Objective

Mammographic documentation of microcalcifications requires biopsy of the microcalcifications with histologic study to demonstrate that the area of mammographic interest is examined histologically to exclude carcinoma. Initial levels may not demonstrate these microcalcifications requiring study of additional levels. Little data exists as to how deeply levels should be cut to document microcalcifications.

Methods/Case Report

A search of pathology records at the University of Missouri between January 1, 2022 and March 30, 2023 for reports containing the term “microcalcifications” in the clinical history or specimen designation was performed. For each identified case, all slides of blocks designated by the radiologist as containing microcalcifications were pulled for review. Our protocol was to cut initially two levels separated by 50 microns. If no microcalcifications were detected an additional 10 levels each separated by 100 microns were examined. The level at which microcalcifications were first detected was recorded.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

The search revealed four-hundred and thirty-one specimens meeting study criteria. Four-hundred and fifteen of these samples contained microcalcifications on histologic examination. Probability of finding microcalcifications in the initial level was 0.629 and 0.935 in the first six levels. The incremental cost per calcification was 1.5 for the first level and 66.7 for the sixth level. The relative cost per calcification in level 6 was 44.5. Levels beyond level 6 rarely disclose microcalcifications.

Conclusion

94% of microcalcifications documented by imaging were detected histologically in the first six levels using our protocol. The six-level protocol appears optimal for detection of microcalcifications. This study has significant implications for other specimen types. When a strong suspicion for a pathologic lesion is present on imaging but histologic sampling reveals no lesion, four further levels cut at 100 microns should be obtained.
Evaluation of lipoprotein(a) and adiponectin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome for the prediction of CVD risk
Authors: Abdelmonem M , Alawssi Y , Ahmed K , Alqaisi K , Wasim H , Abdelmageed M
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Objective

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) usually intensely forecasts cardiovascular diseases, along with elevating the risk of diabetes mellitus as well as chronic kidney disease. The International Federation for Diabetes (IDF) established in 2006 an accepted metabolic syndrome defined as a “cluster of the most dangerous heart attack and cardiovascular diseases risk factors”. Adiponectin is considered the most crucial factor which plays a serious role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) was considered the single most common independent genetically inherited causal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). bolic syndrome patients.

Methods/Case Report

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between Lipoprotein (a) and adiponectin in metabolic syndrome patients with CVD.

Subjects and methods

This research was performed at Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU) during the period between January 2021 and March 2021. Eighty participants were randomly selected from patients who were recruited from the internal medicine clinics. The participants aged 40 to 60 years were selected after screening for the criteria for diagnosis with MetS. Forty-two of the participants had metabolic syndrome, while the other 38 represented the control group. Adiponectin and Lipoprotein (a) were measured using by ELISA technique. Routine laboratory tests, including a lipid profile, glucose and body mass index (BMI), were measured for all participants.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

Results: Plasma lipoprotein (a), HDL, and LDL levels were significantly higher in MetS patients than in healthy controls p= 0.026, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively. In comparison, no significance was found regarding adiponectin (p = 0.07).

Lipoprotein (a) had shown a negative correlation with HDL(r= -0.34), whereas adiponectin was inversely correlated with LDL (r= -0.33) and LDL/HDL ratio (r= -0.34). The multiple linear regression analysis results revealed the predictive potential of Lipoprotein (a), and adiponectin when used in different models for CVD risks using HDL as a risk factor (r = 0.381, p = 0.047).

Conclusion

The studied metabolic syndrome markers might be essential in detecting cardiovascular events. It can be concluded that Lipoprotein (a) and adiponectin can be used to predict the CVD risks in meta
Cytogenetics Technologists and Workforce- Private and Academic Collaboration to Sustain Expertise as Formal Training Programs get curtailed
Authors: Abbasi A , Del Abra V , Spranger J , Ibraheem R , Attili S , Ehsan A
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Objective

Cancer Cytogenetics (CG) and Fluorescence in-situ Hybridization (FISH) testing are essential parts of molecular genetics (MG) in clinical diagnosis for patients suffering from hematopoietic disorders. Even though MG assays are clinically offered, and technical expertise is available, the need for expertise in CG and FISH cannot be understated. Due to budget constraints, deviated focus on innovation by academic programs and lack of awareness in the undergraduate programs, only a handful of centers offer formal training programs. Therefore, the need for qualified CG and FISH technologists to support the industry pipeline is continuously needed.

Methods/Case Report

With the increased workload and the need to combat workforce shortages, we continue to support academic centers as an on-site training facility. In addition, we have initiated academic collaborations with accredited training programs, both national and international, by training of our own technicians with a pilot program. These individuals hold bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences and are qualified to perform high-complexity testing under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) regulations.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

Since 2009, we have had 32 qualified CG/FISH technologists with a CG (ASCP) board certification, most of whom graduated through academic programs. We took the initiative to train four staff members who acquired job experience while working in our CLIA/CAP accredited lab. After the ASCP year requirement was fulfilled, they became eligible to take the ASCP registry exam in CG. All four have passed and are certified cytogenetic technologists.

Conclusion

Challenged by a reduction in training programs and increasing demand in the industry, we have been successful in training and certifying our technologists with academic and private collaborations. More collaborative efforts are needed to fulfill such an important need in the field of CG.
Myelomatous Ascitis, a Rare Presenting Symptom of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Bohr T , Abendroth C
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Objective

In 2022, plasma cell neoplasms accounted for approximately 1.8% of all new cancers in the United States with an estimated 34,470 new cases of multiple myeloma. Diagnosis is often straight forward in ~80% of cases by performing serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), serum immunofixation (SIFE), and/or urine immunofixation (UIFE) with M-spike quantification. The diagnostic challange is in the remainder of asymptomatic myeloma cases (~20%) which are found incidentally. Specialized laboratory technicians are often the first step in identifying plasma cells in body fluids and/or peripheral blood smears. These incidental findings on routine labs, paired with the keen eye of a specialist, are one of the first steps in early detection of multiple myeloma.

Methods/Case Report

A 62 year-old male, originally from Cambodia, presented to an outside hospital emergency department with abdominal distention and pain. His past medical history was significant for dialysis-dependent end- stage renal disease and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type 2. Abdominal CT showed ascites with no other diagnostic findings. Cardiac, renal and hepatic etiologies of ascites were ruled out. Body fluid analysis of the ascites in the Clinical Pathology laboratory revealed numerous plasma cells. Cytologic examination, after consultation with Clinical Pathology, also revealed numerous plasma cells. Subsequent SPEP and SIFE disclosed an IgA lambda monoclonal protein. A diagnosis of multiple myeloma was confirmed by bone marrow biopsy with FISH studies.

Results showed several high-risk abnormalities including translocations of 4::14, 14::16, and 14::20, denoting a “triple hit” multiple myeloma.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

NA

Conclusion

Plasmacytosis in ascites is an extremely rare initial presentation for multiple myeloma. With only a few cases reported in the literature, many technicians and pathologists might easily overlook plasma cells on routine cytology, especially with normal imaging and no previous diagnosis of myeloma. In this case, flagged peritoneal fluid by a skilled medical laboratory technician was key to making a diagnosis. Without any signs of a plasmacytoma or lytic bone lesions on imaging, a normal CBC with non-specific labs, and an unsuspecting surgical pathology report, multiple myeloma was not on the differential. Fast interdepartmental consultation, communication, and teamwork between surgical pathology and clinical pathology, lead to a rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment of this patient.
Concurrent metastatic melanoma and follicular lymphoma diagnosis on liver fine needle aspiration and biopsy
Authors: Elkhazeen A , Khan J , Cramer H M , Mesa H , Segura S , Nelson W
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Objective

The liver is commonly involved in metastatic neoplasms, such as colorectal, breast, esophageal, stomach, pancreatic, lung, and kidney. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) are frequently used to establish an accurate diagnosis of liver masses. Here we report the coexistence of metastatic malignant melanoma (MM) and follicular lymphoma (FL) involving the liver. To our knowledge, This is the first reported case, and we hope to add to the literature.

Methods/Case Report

The patient is a 75 -year-old woman diagnosed with stage I skin melanoma in 2004, and systemic low-grade FL in 2009. She presented with fatigue, weight loss, and difficulty swallowing. CT scan showed new pulmonary, hepatic, and splenic nodules with stable abdominal lymphadenopathy. Smears from the liver nodule FNA showed numerous single tumor cells with moderate cytoplasm and eccentrically located hyperchromatic nuclei. CNB showed fragments of liver parenchyma infiltrated by metastatic melanoma and a focal portal area with expansile lymphoid aggregates of small lymphocytes. The lymphoid cells were positive for CD10, CD20, PAX5, and BCL2 and negative for CD3, CD5, BCL6 and BCL1, with a low Ki-67 proliferative index (<5%). Although not characteristic of an FL, this immunophenotype was most consistent with FL given her clinical history. The metastatic MM was positive for SOX10 and Melan-A, while negative for CD45 and CK AE1/AE3. Despite neoadjuvant therapy, the patient died just two months after diagnosis.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

NA

Conclusion

A tremendous variety of neoplasms can occur in the liver. Different morphologies under a microscope should broaden the list of differential diagnoses. Familiarizing with morphological features and using ancillary studies are essential for accurate diagnosis and proper patient management. FNA and CNB combined with ancillary studies can successfully establish the diagnosis of malignancies involving the liver.