bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF CHARITY BASED ON TAX INCENTIVES: REVIEW OF FOREIGN PRACTICE
Authors:   Russian State University named after A. N. Kosygin (Technologies. Design. Art), Gorsky Anton
Published: November 2020

Many countries recognize the important and significant role of the non-profit sector in building a strong, caring, socially responsible society, as well as in promoting employment, well-being and economic growth. Many non-profit organizations focus on charitable projects. Research shows that the provision of tax incentives or corresponding tax credits and deductions to such organizations (and their donors) encourages the development of charitable activities and provides its participants not only with effective use of funds, but also with financial incentives from the state. The article discusses some practical aspects that reflect the development of charitable activities based on tax incentives, credits and deductions for donors and charitable organizations. The author analyzes the approaches of the countries of Europe, North and South America, as well as the Russian Federation in the application of tax mechanisms for private and corporate charity. It is concluded that, despite the fact that charitable foundations, acting as intermediaries between the donor and the recipient and making efforts to accumulate funds and their targeted distribution, often cannot expand their field of activity just because domestic legislation does not promote the development of a particular type of activity. Therefore, in the near future, in the absence of changes in the current regulatory legal support, the charitable activities of foundations will not be developed, and the charity itself will not receive a reputation boost.
THE KNOWN CHRIST OF ISLAM IN RELIGIOUS DIALOGUE
Authors: Armand Barus
Published: November 2020

Kristologi Yohanes dari Damsyik sering dilihat sebagai crypto-Monophysitism. Ini disebabkan beberapa teolog Barat kurang memahami konteks historis pergumulannya. Dengan meletakkan kristologi Yohanes dari Damsyik dalam konteks politik, sosial dan religiusnya terungkap bahwa kristologinyamenekankan ke-Allah-an Yesus disusun dalam rangka dialog dengan kristologi Quran yang menekankan kemanusiaan Yesus. Yohanes dari Damsyik jelas berjalan dalam kristologi Chalcedonian.
Residualidad del herbicida integrity en maíz, y el efecto agcelence de Headline (pyraclostrobin) en la remisión de síntomas de fitotoxicidad en chile, jitomate y calabaza, en Cuautla, Morelos
Authors: Acosta Ramos M. , García Munguía A. M , Vázquez Sánchez E. , Franco Sánchez M. , García Munguía C. A
Published: November 2020

Algunos herbicidas según su estructura y características fisicoquímicas persisten en el ambiente y es de gran importancia conocer con certeza el tiempo en el cual la molécula química persiste adherida a las partículas del suelo, para determinar el momento oportuno en el cual es posible establecer el siguiente cultivo sin que haya problemas de fitotoxicidad propiciando por la acumulación de residuos en agua y suelo principalmente subiendo después por la cadena trófica y llegando hasta los seres humanos por consumo de alimentos, principalmente hortalizas de pocos días de desarrollo. La presente investigación determinó el efecto residual del herbicida Integrity, así como el efecto del fungicida Headline como promotor del efecto Agcelence para la remisión de síntomas de fitotoxicidad en la rotación de maíz con hortalizas,  en  donde  los  resultados  fueron  los  siguientes:  Integrity  no  ocasionó  síntomas  de fitotoxicidad a la dosis comercial (1.5 L.ha-1) aplicado en post-emergencia al cultivo, sin embargo las plantas de maíz presentaron una menor altura, se observó efecto residual hasta los 75 dias después de la aplicación en el testigo sin Headline tanto en chile, calabaza y jitomate; se encontró que Headline (pyraclostrobin) en su dosis alta (2.5 mL.L-1) ayuda en la remisión de los síntomas de fitotoxicidad ocasionados por el herbicida Integrity en un nivel agronómicamente aceptable (< 12.5 % de fitotoxicidad) en jitomate y calabaza.
GÖRSEL SANATLARDA İMGE KAVRAMI
Authors: ALBAYRAK Ahmet , ALTAY Ayça
Published: November 2020

İmge sanatın vazgeçilmez bir ögesidir. Sanat akımlarında imge, duyguları ve düşünceleri taşıyan bir anahtar veya şifre olarak adeta insanlığa veri transferi sağlar. Bununla beraber sanatkârın ürettiği eserde hemen açığa çıkmayan, ya da sırrını hemen ifşa etmeyen bazı girift ya da kendine has noktalar vardır ki bu durum zamanla daha iyi anlaşılır. İşte bu araştırma imgeleri nasıl okumamız gerektiğine dair bir çözüm üretmektedir. Sanatkâr zihinde imgeyi oluşturup doğru biçimde izleyiciye sunarsa mesaj yerine ulaşmış olur. Bu çalışma imge, gösterge ve yan anlamlar üzerinden görsel sanatlar alanında izleyicinin eserleri nasıl anlamlandırdıklarına dair çözümlemeleri içermektedir. Göstergeler mesajın doğru okunduğu takdirde izleyicisiyle zengin kavrayışlara ulaşabilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı sanatta imgenin nasıl bir anlam taşıdığını netleştirmektir. Görsel sanatlarda imgeler sanatın üretim amacının belge niteliğinden fazlası olduğunu bizlere anlatmaktadır. Araştırma sanatta imgenin kavram olarak nasıl yeraldığı, sanatçıların eserlerinde imgenin farklı ve olağandışı etkilerini nasıl anlattıklarını belirlemeye çalışmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmada bir gösterge olarak imgenin anlam boyutlarının;izleyicinin etkileşimiyle daha farklı sorgulamalar kazandığı ve günümüzde etki gücü yüksek sanat ürünlerine dönüştüğü görülmektedir. Bu durum imgenin güçlü bir silah olarak sanat ortamındaki etkisini kanıtlamaktadır. Araştırmanın problemi imgenin nasıl anlaşılması gerektiği, bir sanat eseri üretirken imgenin nasıl sanat eserine dönüştüğü ve günümüz sanat ortamına imgenin nasıl yansıdığı şeklindedir. Araştırmanın bu noktada imgenin kavramsal boyutunu netleştirerek sanat eserinde doğru okumalar yapmayı kolaylaştıracağı umulmaktadır.
Pengembangan Kapasitas Pegawai untuk Mewujudkan Good Governance pada Kantor Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BKPSDM) Kota Palembang
Authors: Wahyuli Yofitri Heny
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Capacity Building of Public Servants to Attain Good Governance (Study at The Office of Personel agency and human resource development (BKPSDM) Kota Palembang). The realization of good governance needs professional and competent public servants. Early step that shall be taken by local government is capacity building of public servants in every public organization in the local. One public organization that is Local Employment Agency of Palembang city. Result of research indicates that capacity building of public servants at Local Employment Agency of Palembang City in general has been quite well. Employee transparency for information openness is not working optimally. Employee responsiveness to administrative service is adequate. Employee equality in delivering service is sufficient. Capacity building of public servants must be supported by enthusiastic leadership which drives employee and collective commitment based on work contract and employee agreement. Employee must be made understood through socialization, internal session or even internal regulation.
Relationship between oil content and quantitative characteristics of hemp seeds
Authors: Layko Iryna , Mishchenko Serhiy
Published: November 2020

The results of studies of new hemp varieties are presented on the basis of the dependence of the oil content on the mass of seeds, the kernel (germ), the shell and the ratio of the kernel and shell, on the change in the sorting regime and fractional seeds (large, medium, small), fatty acid composition of the seeds of varieties with high oil content.
A Realist Model of Communication Applications for Informational Technology and Artificial Cognitive Systems
Authors: R. Kimmel Monica
Published: November 2020

The structure of the Shannon-Weaver model of communication (1948) has been the point of departure for the coming communication models that ever since have functioned as a base for developing systems and strategies within all the fields that depend on informational transfer. Attempts to develop the model have not affected its basic structure, or the use of the central concept of information. As it will be argued in this paper, this presents a number of limitations to the development of informational technology and more functional artificial cognitive systems. After contextualizing and adapting a number of central concepts for any theory of communication, the author presents a model of communication that is viable as a foundation for the development of artificial cognitive systems used for functions like natural language-processing, object-recognition and machine-learning.
Effect of lead in the aerobic decomposition of Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vellozo) Verdecourt
Authors: Soares Beatriz Segnini , Cunha-Santino Marcela Bianchessi , Bianchini Junior Irineu
Published: November 2020

Lead is a toxic element that has been used since early times and is still employed today in several industrial processes. Events as the collapse of the Fundão dam in Bento Rodrigues, district of Mariana (MG) on November 2015, significantly increase concentrations of metals above-recommended levels, including lead. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the impact of lead in the cycling rate of organic matter in the aquatic environment. Thus, the rates of aerobic decomposition of Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdec at different concentrations of lead (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 30.0 mg L-1) were measured, analyzing the dissolved oxygen consumption. Decomposition chambers filled with samples of water and M. aquaticum were incubated at 20° C in the dark for 80 days and periodically had the oxygen concentrations determined by polarography, when the concentrations were less than 2 mg L-1, the incubations were re-aerated. At the lowest concentrations (5.0 and 10.0 mg L-1) of lead the mineralization was lower, however, the reaction coefficients and the amount of oxygen consumed were equivalent to the control. At the highest concentrations (20.0 and 30.0 mg L-1) the mineralization was increased, with the reduction of reaction coefficients and higher oxygen consumption.
Air quality in cities of the extreme south of Brazil
Authors: Da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues , Honscha Laiz Coutelle , Brum Rodrigo De Lima , Ramires Paula Florencio , Tavella Ronan Adler , Fernandes Caroline Lopes Feijo , Pentado Julia Oliveira , Bonifácio Alícia Da Silva , Volcão Lisiane Martins , Dos Santos Marina , Coronas Mariana Vieira
Published: November 2020

The region comprised of cities located in the extreme south of Brazil has numerous potential sources of pollution, such as industries, mining and agricultural activities. Despite this, they do not have detailed scientific information regarding air quality. The present study aimed to evaluate air quality in nine municipalities in the extreme south of Brazil, based on the monitoring of six pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, PM2.5, PM10 and CO) present in Brazilian environmental legislation and the relationship of these pollutants with meteorological parameters. Information on air pollutants and meteorological parameters was collected from satellite data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts “Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service”, extracted using The Wealther Channel (IBM, USA) during the period ranged from April 25, 2020 to July 4, 2020 in Rio Grande, Pelotas, Bagé, Candiota, Hulha Negra, Pedras Altas, Aceguá and Herval. The concentration of pollutants was below Brazilian limits, with the exception of a single episode in the municipality of Rio Grande. Temperature was the meteorological parameter most correlated with air pollutants, except for SO2, but in general, all pollutants correlated (positive or negative) with at least one atmospheric parameter. Finally, the composition of air pollutants in each municipality seems to be related to its local economic activity. We encourage the continuity of studies in the region aiming at a complete temporal analysis that encompasses all seasons.
Expression profiles and polymorphic identification of the ACSL1 gene and their association with body size traits in Dezhou donkeys
Authors: Lai Zhenyu , Wu Fei , Zhou Zihui , Li Mei , Gao Yuan , Yin Guijun , Yu Jie , Lei Chuzhao , Dang Ruihua
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Finding out the genetic mechanism of growth and development traits and the development of related molecular markers can help improve the breeding of livestock. The long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthase 1 (ACSL1) gene plays a major role in lipid synthesis and fatty acid catabolism. However, there are few studies on the ACSL1 gene polymorphism of Dezhou donkeys. This study analyzed the expression level of the ACSL1 gene in different tissues of young and adult Dezhou donkeys, as well as association analysis of four gene polymorphic loci in 450 individuals. The results showed that expression levels of the ACSL1 gene are higher in heart, liver, spleen, lung, renal, gastric and muscle tissues of adult donkeys than in those of young donkeys. In the association analysis between genotype and body size traits, the wild genotype DD at the ACSL1-1 locus in female and male donkeys was greater than the mutant genotype II (P<0.05); genotype II of ACSL1-2 was significantly higher than that of DD in withers height, body length, rump width and body weight of male donkeys (P<0.05); and ACSL1-3 showed a tendency for the wild genotype II to be greater than the mutant genotype DD in female and male donkeys (P<0.05). In addition, among the five haplotype combinations constructed, Hap3Hap3 (II-II-DD-DD) and Hap6Hap6 (DD-II-II-II) haplotype combinations were superior to other haplotype combinations in growth traits, which also indicated that the results of haplotype combination association analysis and genotype association analysis tended to be the same. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the polymorphic loci of the ACSL1 gene can be used as candidate molecular markers for the growth and development of Dezhou donkeys, and provide a theoretical reference for the breeding of Dezhou donkeys.
Direct and semi-direct radiative forcing of biomass-burning aerosols over the southeast Atlantic (SEA) and its sensitivity to absorbing properties: a regional climate modeling study
Authors: Mallet Marc , Solmon Fabien , Nabat Pierre , Elguindi Nellie , Waquet Fabien , Bouniol Dominique , Sayer Andrew Mark , Meyer Kerry , Roehrig Romain , Michou Martine , Zuidema Paquita , Flamant Cyrille , Redemann Jens , Formenti Paola
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Simulations are performed for the period 2000–2015 by two different regional climate models, ALADIN and RegCM, to quantify the direct and semi-direct radiative effects of biomass-burning aerosols (BBAs) in the southeast Atlantic (SEA) region. Different simulations have been performed using strongly absorbing BBAs in accordance with recent in situ observations over the SEA. For the July–August–September (JAS) season, the single scattering albedo (SSA) and total aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulated by the ALADIN and RegCM models are consistent with the MACv2 climatology and MERRA-2 and CAMS-RA reanalyses near the biomass-burning emission sources. However, the above-cloud AOD is slightly underestimated compared to satellite (MODIS and POLDER) data during the transport over the SEA. The direct radiative effect exerted at the continental and oceanic surfaces by BBAs is significant in both models and the radiative effects at the top of the atmosphere indicate a remarkable regional contrast over SEA (in all-sky conditions), with a cooling (warming) north (south) of 10 ∘S, which is in agreement with the recent MACv2 climatology. In addition, the two models indicate that BBAs are responsible for an important shortwave radiative heating of ∼0.5–1 K per day over SEA during JAS with maxima between 2 and 4 km a.m.s.l. (above mean sea level). At these altitudes, BBAs increase air temperature by ∼0.2–0.5 K, with the highest values being co-located with low stratocumulus clouds. Vertical changes in air temperature limit the subsidence of air mass over SEA, creating a cyclonic anomaly. The opposite effect is simulated over the continent due to the increase in lower troposphere stability. The BBA semi-direct effect on the lower troposphere circulation is found to be consistent between the two models. Changes in the cloud fraction are moderate in response to the presence of smoke, and the models differ over the Gulf of Guinea. Finally, the results indicate an important sensitivity of the direct and semi-direct effects to the absorbing properties of BBAs. Over the stratocumulus (Sc) region, DRE varies from +0.94 W m−2 (scattering BBAs) to +3.93 W m−2 (most absorbing BBAs).
The response of stratospheric water vapor to climate change driven by different forcing agents
Authors: Wang Xun , Dessler Andrew E.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We investigate the response of stratospheric water vapor
(SWV) to different forcing agents within the Precipitation Driver and
Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP) framework. For each model
and forcing agent, we break down the SWV response into a slow response, which is
coupled to surface temperature changes, and a fast response, which is the
response to external forcing but before the sea surface temperatures have
responded. Our results show that, for most climate perturbations, the slow
SWV response dominates the fast response. The slow SWV response exhibits a
similar sensitivity to surface temperature across all climate perturbations.
Specifically, the sensitivity is 0.35 ppmv K−1 in the tropical lower
stratosphere (TLS), 2.1 ppmv K−1 in the northern hemispheric lowermost
stratosphere (LMS), and 0.97 ppmv K−1 in the southern hemispheric LMS.
In the TLS, the fast SWV response only dominates the slow SWV response when
the forcing agent radiatively heats the cold-point region – for example,
black carbon, which directly heats the atmosphere by absorbing solar
radiation. The fast SWV response in the TLS is primarily controlled by the
fast adjustment of cold-point temperature across all climate perturbations.
This control becomes weaker at higher altitudes in the tropics and altitudes
below 150 hPa in the LMS.
Large and increasing methane emissions from Eastern Amazonia
derived from satellite data, 2010–2018
Authors: Wilson Chris , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Gloor Manuel , Parker Robert J. , Boesch Hartmut , McNorton Joey , Gatti Luciana V. , Miller John B. , Basso Luana S. , Monks Sarah A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We use a global inverse model, satellite data and flask measurements to estimate methane (CH4) emissions from South America, Brazil and the basin of the Amazon River for the period 2010–2018. We find that emissions from Brazil have risen during this period, most quickly in the Eastern Amazon Basin, and that this concurrent with increasing surface temperatures in this region. Brazilian CH4 emissions rose from 49.8 ± 5.4 Tg(CH4)/yr in 2010–2013 to 55.6 ± 5.2 Tg(CH4)/yr in 2014–2017, with the wet season of December–March having the largest positive trend in emissions. We derive no significant trend in regional emissions from fossil fuels during this period. We find that our posterior distribution of emissions within South America is significantly and consistently changed from our prior estimates, with the strongest emission sources being in the far north of the continent and to the south and south-east of the Amazon Basin, near the mouth of the Amazon and in other wetland regions. We derive particularly large emissions during the wet season of 2013/14, when flooding was prevalent over larger regions than normal within the Amazon Basin. We compare our posterior CH4 mole fractions, derived from posterior fluxes, to independent observations of CH4 mole fraction taken at five lower to mid tropospheric vertical profiling sites over the Amazon and find that our posterior fluxes outperform prior fluxes at all locations. In particular the large emissions from the eastern Basin are shown to be in good agreement with independent observations made at Santarém, a location which has long displayed higher mole fractions of atmospheric CH4 in contrast with other Basin locations. We show that a bottom-up flux model cannot match the variation in annual fluxes, nor the positive trend in emissions, produced by the inversion. Our results show that the Amazon alone was responsible for 24 ± 18 % of the total global increase in CH4 flux during the study period, and it may contribute further in future due to its sensitivity to temperature changes.
Evaluation of VIIRS Neural Network Cloud Detection against
Current Operational Cloud Masks
Authors: White Charles H. , Heidinger Andrew K. , Ackerman Steven A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Cloud properties are critical to our understanding of weather and climate variability, but their estimation from satellite imagers is a nontrivial task. In this work, we aim to improve cloud detection which is the most fundamental cloud property. We use a neural network applied to Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) measurements to determine whether an imager pixel is cloudy or cloud-free. The neural network is trained and evaluated using four years (2016–2019) of coincident measurements between VIIRS and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). We successfully address the lack of sun glint in the collocation dataset with a simple semi-supervised learning approach. The results of the neural network are then compared with two operational cloud masks: the MODIS-VIIRS Continuity Cloud Mask (MVCM) and the NOAA Enterprise Cloud Mask (ECM). We find that the neural network outperforms both operational cloud masks in most conditions examined with a few exceptions. The largest improvements we observe occur during the night over snow or ice covered surfaces in the high latitudes. In our analysis, we show that this improvement is not solely due to differences in optical depth-based definitions of a cloud between each mask. We also analyze the differences in true positive rate between day/night and land/water scenes as a function of optical depth. Such differences are a contributor to spatial artifacts in cloud masking and we find that the neural network is the most consistent in cloud detection with respect to optical depth across these conditions. A regional analysis over Greenland illustrates the impact of such differences and shows that they can result in mean cloud fractions with very different spatial and temporal characteristics.
Analysis of different propagation models for the estimation of the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere with an ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Gerzen Tatjana , Minkwitz David , Schmidt Michael , Erdogan Eren
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The accuracy and availability of satellite-based applications, like Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and remote sensing, crucially depend on the knowledge of the ionospheric electron density distribution. The tomography of the ionosphere is one of the major tools for providing links to specific ionospheric corrections and studying and monitoring physical processes in the ionosphere and plasmasphere. In this work, we apply an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach for the 4D electron density reconstruction of the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere, with the focus on the investigation of different propagation models, and compare them with the iterative reconstruction technique of simultaneous multiplicative column normalized method plus (SMART+). The slant total electron content (STEC) measurements of 11 low earth orbit (LEO) satellites are assimilated into the reconstructions. We conduct a case study on a global grid with altitudes between 430 and 20 200 km, for two periods of the year 2015, covering quiet to perturbed ionospheric conditions. Particularly the performance of the methods for estimating independent STEC and electron density measurements from the three Swarm satellites is analysed. The results indicate that the methods of EnKF, with exponential decay as the propagation model, and SMART+ perform best, providing, in summary, the lowest residuals.
Harmonization of global land use change and management for the period 850–2100 (LUH2) for CMIP6
Authors: Hurtt George C. , Chini Louise , Sahajpal Ritvik , Frolking Steve , Bodirsky Benjamin L. , Calvin Katherine , Doelman Jonathan C. , Fisk Justin , Fujimori Shinichiro , Klein Goldewijk Kees , Hasegawa Tomoko , Havlik Peter , Heinimann Andreas , Humpenöder Florian , Jungclaus Johan , Kaplan Jed O. , Kennedy Jennifer , Krisztin Tamás , Lawrence David , Lawrence Peter , Ma Lei , Mertz Ole , Pongratz Julia , Popp Alexander , Poulter Benjamin , Riahi Keywan , Shevliakova Elena , Stehfest Elke , Thornton Peter , Tubiello Francesco N. , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Human land use activities have resulted in large
changes to the biogeochemical and biophysical properties of the Earth's
surface, with consequences for climate and other ecosystem services. In the
future, land use activities are likely to expand and/or intensify further to
meet growing demands for food, fiber, and energy. As part of the World
Climate Research Program Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), the
international community has developed the next generation of advanced Earth
system models (ESMs) to estimate the combined effects of human activities
(e.g., land use and fossil fuel emissions) on the carbon–climate system. A
new set of historical data based on the History of the Global Environment
database (HYDE), and multiple alternative scenarios of the future
(2015–2100) from Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) teams, is required as
input for these models. With most ESM simulations for CMIP6 now completed,
it is important to document the land use patterns used by those
simulations. Here we present results from the Land-Use Harmonization 2
(LUH2) project, which smoothly connects updated historical reconstructions
of land use with eight new future projections in the format required for
ESMs. The harmonization strategy estimates the fractional land use patterns,
underlying land use transitions, key agricultural management information,
and resulting secondary lands annually, while minimizing the differences
between the end of the historical reconstruction and IAM initial conditions
and preserving changes depicted by the IAMs in the future. The new approach
builds on a similar effort from CMIP5 and is now provided at higher
resolution (0.25∘×0.25∘) over a longer time domain (850–2100, with
extensions to 2300) with more detail (including multiple crop and pasture
types and associated management practices) using more input datasets
(including Landsat remote sensing data) and updated algorithms (wood harvest
and shifting cultivation); it is assessed via a new diagnostic package. The
new LUH2 products contain > 50 times the information content of
the datasets used in CMIP5 and are designed to enable new and improved
estimates of the combined effects of land use on the global carbon–climate
system.
Development of a large-eddy simulation subgrid model based on
artificial neural networks: a case study of turbulent channel flow
Authors: Stoffer Robin , van Leeuwen Caspar M. , Podareanu Damian , Codreanu Valeriu , Veerman Menno A. , Janssens Martin , Hartogensis Oscar K. , van Heerwaarden Chiel C.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric boundary layers and other wall-bounded flows are often simulated with the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique, which relies on subgrid-scale (SGS) models to parameterize the smallest scales. These SGS models often make strong simplifying assumptions. Also, they tend to interact with the discretization errors introduced by the popular LES approach where a staggered finite-volume grid acts as an implicit filter. We therefore developed an alternative LES SGS model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the computational fluid dynamics code MicroHH (v2.0), which can be run in direct numerical simulation (DNS) and LES mode. We used a turbulent channel flow (with a friction Reynolds number Reτ = 590) as a test case. The developed SGS model has been designed to require fewer simplifying assumptions, and to compensate for the instantaneous discretization errors introduced by the staggered finite-volume grid. We trained the ANNs based on instantaneous flow fields from a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the selected channel flow. In general, we found excellent agreement between the ANN predicted SGS fluxes and the SGS fluxes derived from DNS for flow fields not used during training (with the correlation coefficient ρ mostly varying between 0.6 and 1.0), showing the potential ANNs may have to construct highly accurate SGS models. However, we observed an artificial build-up of turbulence kinetic energy at high wave modes when we directly incorporated our ANN SGS model into a LES simulation of the selected channel flow, eventually resulting in numeric instability. We hypothesized that error accumulation and aliasing errrors, were both important contributors to the observed instability. Several obstacles therefore remain before the a priori promise of our ANN LES SGS model, can be successfully leveraged in practical applications.
La Palma landslide tsunami: calibrated wave source and assessment of impact on French territories
Authors: Abadie Stéphane , Paris Alexandre , Ata Riadh , Le Roy Sylvestre , Arnaud Gael , Poupardin Adrien , Clous Lucie , Heinrich Philippe , Harris Jeffrey , Pedreros Rodrigo , Krien Yann
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we present new results on the potential La Palma collapse event, previously described and studied in Abadie et al. (2012). Three scenarios (i.e., slide volumes of 20, 40 and 80 km3) are considered, modeling the initiation of the slide to the water generation using THETIS, a 3D Navier–Stokes model. The slide is a Newtonian fluid whose viscosity is adjusted to approximate a granular behavior. After 5 min of propagation with THETIS, the generated water wave is transferred into FUNWAVE-TVD (Total Variation Diminishing version of FUNWAVE) to build a wave source suitable for propagation models. The results obtained for all the volumes after 15 min of Boussinesq model simulation are made available through a public repository. The signal is then propagated with two different Boussinesq models: FUNWAVE-TVD and Calypso. An overall good agreement is found between the two models, which secures the validity of the results. Finally, a detailed impact study is carried out on La Guadeloupe using a refined shallow water model, SCHISM, initiated with the FUNWAVE-TVD solution in the nearshore area. Although the slide modeling approach applied in this study seemingly leads to smaller waves compared to former works, the wave impact is still very significant for the maximum slide volume considered on surrounding islands and coasts, as well as on the most exposed remote coasts such as Guadeloupe. In Europe, the wave impact is significant (for specific areas in Spain and Portugal) to moderate (Atlantic French coast).
A sanity check for earthquake recurrence models used in PSHA of
slow deforming regions: the case of SW Iberia
Authors: Ramalho Margarida , Matias Luis , Neres Marta , Carafa Michele M. C. , Carvalho Alexandra , Teves-Costa Paula
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) is the most common tool used to decide on the acceptable seismic risk and corresponding mitigation measures. We propose two consistency tests to address the variability of earthquake generation models found in PSHA studies: i) one rule-of-thumb test where the seismic moment release from the model is converted to an average slip on a typical fault and compared with known plate kinematics or GNSS deformation field; ii) using a neotectonic model, the computed deformation is converted into seismic moment release and to a synthetic earthquake catalogue. We apply these tests to the W and SW Iberia slow deforming region, where two earthquake source areas are investigated: 1) the Lower Tagus Valley, one of the largest seismic risk zones of Portugal; and 2) the offshore SW Iberia area, considered to be the source for the 1st November 1755 event (M~8.7). Results show that some of the earthquake source models should be considered as suspicious, given their high/low moment release when compared to the expected values from GNSS observations or neotectonic modelling. In conclusion, PSHA studies in slow deforming regions should include a similar sanity check on their models' evaluation, downgrading the weight of poorly compliant models.
Lithological and geomorphological indicators of glacial genesis in the upper Quaternary strata, Nadym River basin, Western Siberia
Authors: Sizov Oleg , Volvakh Anna , Molodkov Anatoly , Vishnevskiy Andrey , Soromotin Andrey , Abakumov Evgeny
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Analysing the genesis of Quaternary sediments is important for understanding
the glaciation history and development of marine sediments in the northern
part of Western Siberia. The problem is relevant since there is no
consistent concept of the Quaternary sediment genesis in the north of
Western Siberia. The formation of sediments is associated with marine, glacial and
interglacial sedimentation conditions. The research objective is to identify
the persistent features characterising the conditions of sedimentation and
relief formation using the Nadym River basin as an example. The best method
for studying this problem is a comprehensive analysis of the lithological,
chronostratigraphic, petrographic and geomorphological studies of the
Quaternary sediment upper strata. This study provides data from the
analysis of the basic characteristics of quartz grains at the site. The
rounding and morphology of the quartz grains provide evidence of possible
glacial processing of some of the site strata. A petrographic study of
selected boulder samples was performed. Some of them, by the shape and
presence of striation, can be attributed to ice basins. The first use of a
detailed digital elevation model applied to the study area made it possible
to identify specific relief forms that could very likely be created during
glaciations. Based on the analysis, we propose to consider the vast
lake alluvial plains in the Nadym River basin as periglacial regions. This
idea lays the lithological framework for understanding the reasons for the
formation of the modern landscape structure. The materials and descriptions
provided are of interest to researchers of Quaternary sediments, topography,
vegetation and soil cover, particularly researchers engaged in revising the
history of the natural environment development in the north of Western
Siberia.
Identification of airfoil polars from uncertain experimental measurements
Authors: Wang Chengyu , Campagnolo Filippo , Bottasso Carlo L.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A new method is described to identify the aerodynamic characteristics of
blade airfoils directly from operational data of the turbine. Improving on
a previously published approach, the present method is based on a new
maximum likelihood formulation that includes errors in both the outputs and
the inputs, generalizing the classical error-in-the-outputs-only
formulation. Since many parameters are necessary to meaningfully represent
the behavior of airfoil polars as functions of angle of attack and Reynolds
number, the approach uses a singular value decomposition to solve for a
reduced set of observable parameters. The new method is demonstrated by identifying high-quality polars for small-scale wind turbines used in wind
tunnel experiments for wake and wind farm control research.
Ensinando história e disseminando estereótipos
Authors: Rollo José Henrique
Published: November 2020

Uma análise da presença dos Janízaros, os escravos-soldados do Império Otomano, em alguns manuais de história utilizados em escolas europeias e americanas durante o século XIX mostra nexos interessantes entre valores políticos, crenças morais, estereótipos e a escrita/ensino da história dos povos orientais. O artigo explora brevemente alguns desses nexos, principalmente, como os autores conectaram suas exposições dos Janízaros com (a) o culto ao modelo idealizado de família cristã ocidental; (b) a imagem dos governos orientais como Despotismos; (c) a valorização do patriotismo e da lealdade nacional.
Antropofagias periféricas: o movimento marginal, a crítica da tradição e contra-usos da literatura
Authors: Amaral de Oliveira Lucas
Published: November 2020

O artigo contrapõe o Movimento da Literatura Marginal a algumas experiências culturais passadas, sobretudo ao modernismo paulista. De início, reconstroem-se algumas das demandas da vanguarda modernista apresentadas por ocasião da Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922. Em seguida, analisa-se como agentes marginais, com a preparação da Semana de Arte Moderna da Periferia e do Manifesto da Antropofagia Periférica, de 2007, elaboraram uma releitura da história cultural brasileira. Os manifestos lançados, as ressignificações simbólicas propostas e as reorientações estéticas subjacentes revelam contra-usos políticos importantes da ideia de vanguarda. Ao final, argumenta-se que a formatação do movimento das periferias dependeu de distanciamentos críticos praticados por seus/suas integrantes em relação a uma tradição que não os/as contemplou, distanciamentos esses que revelam uma potência antropofágica que se processa desde o local de enunciação, estendendo-se à forma literária.
O poder da bíblia: crenças e organização das igrejas evangélicas na política brasileira
Authors: Fagundes Ailton Laurentino Caris , Machado Gomes Bruna Caroline
Published: November 2020

Contando com cerca a 50 milhões de fiéis e uma atuação organizada, os evangélicos se tornaram um ator importante na política brasileira, capaz de eleger representantes, organizar partidos, influenciar ou decidir eleições. Engajados politicamente desde os anos oitenta, após forte crescimento das igrejas neopentecostais, os evangélicos não formam, entretanto, um grupo homogêneo e podem agir de forma conjunta ou não de acordo com seus dogmas ou interesses. Este trabalho busca analisar historicamente o perfil de atuação política dos evangélicos no Brasil e o modo como se organizam e atuam mostrando por uma lado como as crenças servem para justificar e legitimar a participação no jogo eleitoral e, por outro, como o pragmatismo político entra nas igrejas permitindo que elas possam agir como partidos.
A propriedade de si mesmo e propriedade em Robert Nozick
Authors: Bresolin Keberson
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo trabalha com algumas das principais teses desenvolvidas por Robert Nozick na obra Anarchy, State and Utopia. Inicia-se com a construção da tese basilar dos direitos individuais invioláveis fundamentados sobre a segunda formulação do imperativo categórico kantiano. Em seguida, visa-se demonstrar a tese da Self-Ownership e sua extensão para a legitimação da propriedade. Além de formular críticas as teses nozickeanas durante a exposição delas, far-se-á, como terceiro tópico, algumas críticas sobre a tese da Self-Ownership e a ideia da legitimidade da propriedade fundamentada nela.
Na rua, a droga é destruição e curtição: um estudo em representações sociais
Authors: Campos Lorena Cardoso Mangabeira , Oliveira Jeane Freitas de , Jesus Marília Emanuela Ferreira de , Porcino Carle , Porto Priscilla Nunes
Published: November 2020

Este estudo objetiva analisar a estrutura das representações sociais de pessoas em situação de rua sobre drogas. Pesquisa qualitativa, com 158 pessoas em situação de rua, que responderam ao Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras, com o estímulo “drogas” de novembro/2017 a janeiro/2018. Os dados foram processados por dois softwares que permitiram análise fundamentada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Nas representações gráficas geradas pelos softwares, os termos “destruição”, “coisa ruim”, “tristeza” sinalizam uma conotação negativa sobre as drogas em contraponto ao termo “curtição” que revela o uso como ação que promove prazer, sobrevivência, relacionada ao contexto da rua. Para o grupo investigado, as drogas representam elemento de sobrevivência, que podem potencializar outras vulnerabilidades. Destaca-se a importância da Estratégia de Redução de Danos no cuidado às pessoas em situação de rua, pela possibilidade desta considerar o sujeito, suas representações e especificidades.

Descritores: Drogas; Pessoas em Situação de Rua; Associação Livre; Vulnerabilidade Social.
Resiliência, capacidade funcional e apoio social de pessoas com sequelas de acidente vascular encefálico
Authors: Lima Raquel Janyne de , Silva Cleane Rosa Ribeiro da , Costa Tatiana Ferreira da , Madruga Kaisy Martins de Albuquerque , Pimenta Cláudia Jeane Lopes , Costa Kátia Neyla de Freitas Macedo
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre a resiliência, a capacidade funcional e o apoio social de pessoas com sequelas de acidente vascular encefálico. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com 108 indivíduos com sequelas de acidente vascular encefálico, cadastrados em Unidades de Saúde da Família, do município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Escala de Resiliência, Índice de Barthel e Escala de Apoio Social. Para análise, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Houve maior frequência do sexo feminino (57,4%), 60 anos ou mais (59,2%), com companheiro (47,2%) e cuidador (76,6%). Os participantes apresentaram mais frequentemente o nível de resiliência moderada (64,8%), dependência funcional (93,6%) para realização das atividades diárias e médio apoio social (48,2%). Foi verificado que quanto maior a capacidade funcional e o apoio social, maior a resiliência. Conclusão: A capacidade funcional e o apoio social são preditores da resiliência de pessoas com sequelas de acidente vascular encefálico.
Mapeamento das intervenções de enfermagem no estabelecimento da amamentação em uma unidade de internação neonatal
Authors: Emidio Suellen Cristina Dias , Oliveira Victoria Regina Ribeiro Ferraz de , Carmona Elenice Valentim
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Mapear as intervenções de enfermagem realizadas pela equipe durante a amamentação em uma unidade de internação neonatal, comparando-as com as Intervenções de Enfermagem para a amamentação propostas pela Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). Método: Estudo descritivo e transversal composto por 61 binômios. Os dados foram colhidos por meio de vídeos das mães amamentando seus filhos e registros em prontuários. Resultados: Dentre as nove intervenções da NIC estudadas, cinco foram as mais frequentes — Cuidado infantil: neonato (6824); Cuidado neonatal: método canguru (6840); Aconselhamento para a lactação (5244); Cuidados com o lactente (6820); Cuidado infantil: pré-termo (6826). Conclusão: A comparação entre o cuidado de enfermagem registrado no prontuário dos pacientes e as intervenções da NIC demonstrou que os registros são escassos. Além disso, cuidados relacionados a vínculo e enfrentamento parecem ser pouco valorizados.
DIAGNÓSTICO DAS MATAS CILIARES URBANAS DE VOTUPORANGA/SP: LEVANTAMENTO DA VEGETAÇÃO EXÓTICA INVASORA
Authors: Beraldi Amália Luiza Poiani Gomes , Vazquez Gisele Herbst
Published: November 2020

Espécies vegetais exóticas invasoras são plantas introduzidas em um novo ambiente, que se adaptam e se estabelecem, passando a se reproduzir e exercer dominância, afastando ou extinguindo espécies nativas, ocasionando a perda da biodiversidade. O objetivo neste trabalho foi diagnosticar a situação das matas ciliares da sub-bacia do Marinheirinho em Votuporanga/SP, bem como identificar e quantificar as espécies exóticas e as exóticas invasoras arbóreas. Foram avaliadas 56 áreas amostrais de forma a abranger frações de matas ciliares de todos os córregos da sub-bacia do Marinheirinho em sua área urbana. Concluiu-se que todos os córregos se encontram assoreados, com a mata ciliar degradada devido a ocorrência de erosão, criação de equídeos, bovinos e suínos, plantio de hortaliças e frutíferas, resíduos sólidos e assentamentos indevidos. O estado de regeneração da vegetação é inicial em grande parte das áreas, sendo 47% das árvores com mais de 2 m de altura nativas, 9% exóticas e 44% invasoras, havendo também braquiária em muitas delas. Além disso, duas espécies exóticas, a leucena e o ipê-de-jardim, foram encontradas em 90% das áreas, caracterizando um quadro de invasão biológica e perda da biodiversidade, o que torna necessário a implantação de políticas públicas e a atuação dos órgãos competentes.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS PROCESSOS DE RECUPERAÇÃO FLORESTAL EM MATAS CILIARES REALIZADOS POR AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES DA REGIÃO DE ITABOCAL, IRITUIA - PA
Authors: De Mendonça Costa Diego , De Freitas Navegantes Alves Lívia
Published: November 2020

Agricultores familiares do Nordeste do Pará têm se destacado pela implementação de experiências voltadas para a recuperação florestal. O estudo buscou compreender como vem sendo feita a recuperação das matas ciliares em seus estabelecimentos agrícolas, considerando a sua importância para o meio ambiente e a relação que tem sido estabelecida entre essas áreas, as populações rurais amazônicas e seus recursos hídricos. Para tal, realizou-se pesquisa de campo em Itabocal, zona rural do município de Irituia, Nordeste do Pará. A pesquisa baseou-se em princípios da abordagem sistêmica e da interdisciplinaridade. A conservação dos cursos d'água locais destacou-se como o aspecto que mais influenciou a recuperação florestal de matas ciliares. Caracterizou-se como foram estabelecidos os diferentes processos de recuperação florestal nessas áreas, dividindo-os em três categorias: Enriquecimento de Capoeira, Regeneração Natural e Sistemas Agroflorestais – SAF. A ausência de políticas públicas de incentivo foi apontada como o principal obstáculo para recuperação destas vegetações. Concluiu-se que a relevância da recuperação das matas ciliares procede da estreita relação que a população local, assim como os povos amazônicos em geral, possui com suas águas.
ANÁLISE TEMPORAL DA SUSCETIBILIDADE DO ENTORNO DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA CHAPADA DOS VEADEIROS – GOIÁS
Authors: Silva Ana Clara Alves , Hugo José Ribeiro  , Gustavo Rodrigues dos Santos  , Kátia Alcione Kopp
Published: November 2020

O Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros (PNCV), considerado uma das unidades mais importantes do mundo, encontra-se no Cerrado brasileiro, o segundo bioma que mais sofre alterações devido à ocupação humana. A Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (USLE) permite estimar a perda média anual de solo por erosão laminar considerando fatores naturais e antrópicos, tornando possível identificar áreas suscetíveis. Para este estudo verificou-se o nível de suscetibilidade ambiental no PNCV através de análises do uso e ocupação do solo e da perda de solos, aplicando-se a USLE via Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Através da álgebra de mapas utilizando softwares de geoprocessamento obteve-se os resultados da USLE cujos valores médios de perda de solo, para o período os anos de 2000 a 2017, correspondem a uma diminuição de aproximadamente 1 tonelada para o interior do parque, enquanto na região do entorno da unidade tais perdas evoluíram cerca de 0,3 toneladas. Realizou-se análises temporais de uso e cobertura do solo por meio de dados do MapBiomas, os resultados apontam um aumento das áreas destinadas à agropecuária e espaço urbano consolidado de 3%, ao passo que para o interior do Parque as áreas destinadas aos mesmos usos diminuíram aproximadamente 4%.