bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age Estimation in Iranian Population Using Tooth/Pulp Ratio in Mandibular Premolars by Panoramic Radiography
Authors: Dabbaghi Arash , Kazemi Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Background: Age estimation is a fundamental part of forensic science. Considering the fact that pulp size decreases throughout the life because of secondary dentine apposition, many researchers have used it as a method for age estimation with great results. This study aimed to determine the applicability of tooth to pulp ratio in mandibular second premolars in an Iranian population using panoramic radiographs. Methods: The sample consisted of 153 digital panoramic images of male and female Iranians aged 13-70 years, and the tooth to pulp ratio of both left and right mandibular second premolars was obtained using AutoCAD software. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlation, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. A total of 20 images were reexamined after 30 days to test intra-observer error. Results: ANOVA test showed that gender had no effect on age estimation, and there was a significant correlation between age and tooth/pulp ratio (r=0.679 for right premolar, r=0.712 for left premolars, and r=0.736 for both premolars). Linear regression formulae were created based on the results and the mean differences between the estimated and actual age were reported to be 10.35±0.51, 9.17±0.54, and 8.83±0.52 for right, left, and both premolars, respectively. Intra-observer error showed no significant difference between repeated measurements. Conclusions: Tooth/pulp ratio of mandibular second premolars is a reliable and repeatable method for age estimation in Iranian population and using premolars of both sides yields the best results.
Relationship Between Tooth Decay and Body Mass Index Among 6-12 Year-Old Children in Ilam During 2016-2017
Authors: valian Azam , Jaberi-Ansari Zahra , Delshad Arash , Hosseini Kordkheili Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2021

Background: The prevalence and severity of tooth decay have shown a significant increase in the past 20 years. This study evaluated the relationship between the amount of tooth decay and body mass index (BMI) in 6-12 year-old children in Ilam during 2016-2017. Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of 270 female and 250 male students in Ilam. Their weight and height and BMI were measured for each individual and the information on the examination of children’s teeth was inserted into relevant tables. Other research data (i.e., dietary habits, oral health instruction, and socioeconomic conditions) were gathered using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Results: There was no significant relationship between the amount of tooth decay and BMI among 6-12 children in Liam. Except for the 11-year-old (n=86) group demonstrating an inverse relationship between dmft and BMI (r = -0.185), an inverse relationship was found between the decay and observation of health although there was a direct relationship between the consumption of sugar materials and tooth decay. Conclusions: The results of the study revealed no significant relationship between the amount of tooth decay and BMI among 6-12 children in Ilam except for 9-year-old and 11-year-old groups.
Genetic Variation in Response to Global Warming in a Coral Reef Species, Porites lobata
Authors: Javid Pegah , Farrokhi Naser , Behzadi Siamak , Bakhtiarizadeh Mohammadreza , Alavi Seyed Mehdi , Ranjbar Mohammad Sharif
Published: March 2021

Climate change due to global warming is one of the worst environmental disasters in the world, which affects all ecosystems and has led to increasing degradation of coral reefs. The increase of sea surface temperature is inversely related to the resistance of corals and is directly associated with their bleaching. High temperature disrupts the symbiotic relationship between coral and algal symbiont and results in coral bleaching. To evaluate the adaptation of corals to heat stress, in this study, we investigated the thermal stress effect on the expression of genes involved in programmed cell death (PCD), cysteinyl aspartate proteases 3 (will be mentioned as Caspas3 hereafter) and anti-apoptotic pathway, B-cell lymphoma 2 (will be mentioned as Bcl2 hereafter) in Porites lobata (Dana, 1846). Corals were incubated at 25°C for 2 weeks (adaptation period) and then exposed to 34°C (heat shock) for 24 and 48 hours. Then, the expression of genes was measured using real-time PCR. The results revealed that both genes were up-regulated at 24 hours after heat induction. Bcl-2 expression (anti-apoptotic gene) was induced at 24 hours and was down-regulated at 48 hours. In contrast, Caspase3 (apoptotic gene) continued to be expressed up to 48 hours. These results might indicate that coral cells are headed towards bleaching and death with increased temperature. The results of this study, regarding the observed expression patterns, can clarify the response of different genes to a thermal stress in coral reefs. The exposure of corals to acute conditions with high temperatures presented the behavior of the desired genes in the studied conditions.
Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solutions Through Raw and Modified Cantaloupe Peel Wastes: Kinetic and Isotherm Study
Authors: Samarghandi Mohammad Reza , Godini Kazem , Azarian Ghasem , Ehsani Ali Reza , Zolghadrnasab Hassan
Published: March 2021

Since large amounts of agricultural wastes are produced in Iran and these wastes have lignocellulosic nature, the current study was performed to survey the adsorption performance of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions by means of raw and modified cantaloupe peel. The adsorbents used were characterized using techniques like scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In this study, the effects of a few key variables including pH, reaction time, dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature on the adsorption performance were investigated. Optimum values were attained at 0.04 and 0.08 g doses of modified and raw cantaloupe peel, pH of 7 after mixing for 120 and 90 minutes for raw and modified cantaloupe peel, respectively. The equilibrium information was fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations and the respective data for all models were tested. An increase in adsorbent dose and temperature caused the efficiency to rise. The mechanism and rate of adsorption were ascertained by analyzing the experimental data at various contact times according to traditional kinetic equations: pseudo-first-order and second order, Elovich, and intra-particle diffusion. The findings illustrated that the data accorded closely with the pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, it was found that these wastes can be applied to remove environmental pollutants, particularly methylene blue dye.
Molecular Docking and Fragment-Based QSAR Modeling for In Silico Screening of Approved Drugs and Candidate Compounds Against COVID-19
Authors: Afshar Saeid , Bahmani Asrin , Saidijam Massoud
Published: March 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a serious global health crisis leads to high mortality and morbidity. However, currently, there are no effective vaccines and treatments for COVID-19. Main protease (Mpro) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are the best therapeutic targets of COVID-19. Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the most appropriate drug and candidate compound for proper interaction with Mpro and ACE2 to inhibit the activity of COVID-19. Methods: In this study, repurposing of approved drugs and screening of candidate compounds using molecular docking and fragment-based QSAR method were performed to discover the potential inhibitors of Mpro and ACE2. QSAR and docking calculations were performed based on the prediction of the inhibitory activities of 5-hydroxy indanone derivatives. Based on the results, an optimal structure was proposed to inhibit the activity of COVID-19. Results: Among 2629 DrugBank approved drugs, 118 were selected considering the LibDock score and absolute energy for possible drug-Mpro interactions. Furthermore, the top 40 drugs were selected based on screening the results for possible drug- Mpro interactions with AutoDock Vina. Conclusion: Finally, evaluation of the top 40 selected drugs for possible drug-ACE2 interactions with AutoDock Vina indicated that deslanoside (DB01078) can interact effectively with both Mpro and ACE2. However, prior to conducting clinical trials, further experimental validation is needed.
A Systematic Review on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammad Hosein , Omidi Hamid , Sina Sedigheh
Published: March 2021

Background: In this study, the artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used for the detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the chest x-ray were reviewed. Methods: PubMed, arXiv, and Google Scholar were used to search for AI studies. Results: A total of 20 papers were extracted from Google Scholar, 14 from arXiv, and 5 from PubMed. In 17 papers, publicly available datasets and in 3 papers, independent datasets were used. 10 papers disclosed source codes. Nine papers were about creating a novel AI software, 8 papers reported the modification of the existing AI models, and 3 compared the performance of the existing AI software programs. All papers have used deep learning as AI technique. Most papers reported accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the models, and also the area under the curve (AUC) for investigation of the model performance for the prediction of COVID-19. Nine papers reported accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The number of datasets used in the studies ranged from 50 to 94323. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the models ranged from 0.88 to 0.98, 0.80 to 1.00, and 0.70 to 1.00, respectively. Conclusion: The studies revealed that AI can help human in fighting the new Coronavirus.
Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Methanolic Extract of Laurencia caspica
Authors: Karimzadeh Katayoon , Ramzanpoor Mahdiyeh , Keihankhadiv Shadi
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Seaweeds are valuable resources for the discovery of efficient and safe drugs for pain treatment. In the present investigation, we evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of, methanolic extract of Laurencia caspica, a red algae, in mice models. Methods: The analgesic effect of methanolic extract of L. caspica was assessed by hot-plate and acetic acid-induced writhing tests in male Swiss albino mice (weight = 20-25 g). The anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. caspica was also evaluated by formalin-induced ear edema and xylene-induced paw edema tests. Results: The total flavonoid content of the extract was estimated as 0.0537 mg quercetin/g extract. Both first and second phases of the nociception were significantly inhibited at a dose of 120 mg/kg of methanolic extract of L. caspica. The observed anti-inflammatory effect was dose-dependent. Acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate test showed that the extract significantly reduced pain in all evaluated doses (15, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg). The antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract was significantly reduced by naloxone (4 mg/kg). Moreover, the extract significantly reduced paw edema at the dose of 120 mg/kg in all the animals. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of L. caspica exhibited central analgesic effect, as well as anti-inflammatory activity probably due to the presence of constituents like flavonoids and triterpenoids.
Genotyping of 2 Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene Variants Among Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Morovvati Saeid , Kazemi Koohbanani Nima , Salahshouri Far Iman , Karami Fatemeh
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Coronary artery diseases (CAD) are still among the top causes of death in most populations. The polymorphisms of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene can influence the risk of CAD through modulating cholesterol metabolism. In this regard, the current study aimed to determine the role of the 2 important CETP gene polymorphisms in CAD patients. Methods: To this end, DNA was extracted from the whole blood of 100 CAD patients and 100 healthy controls and then subjected to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for the genotyping of rs5882 and rs708272 polymorphisms.Results: Based on the results, no meaningful association was found between rs5882 and rs708272 polymorphisms, neither separately nor in combination, and the risk of CAD. However, the risk of CAD significantly increased in male rs5882 polymorphism carriers (P = 0.01). Finally, no significant association was demonstrated between serum high-density lipoprotein levels and the genotypes or alleles of neither rs5882 nor rs708272 polymorphism. Conclusion: Despite the finding regarding the lack of an association between CAD and the studied polymorphisms of the CETP gene, the importance of those variants in CETP protein function and CAD pathogenesis warrants further investigation on larger populations.
Reflexões sobre a hidrogeomorfologia dos rios intermitentes frente às definições das áreas de preservação permanente de cursos d’água no Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Andreza Tacyana Felix
Published: March 2021

De acordo com a Lei Federal nº 12.651, de 25 de maio de 2012, as margens dos cursos d’água de regime perene e intermitente, excluídos os efêmeros, desde a borda da calha do leito regular, são objetos de preservação permanente. Entretanto, embora sejam elementos representativos da paisagem semiárida, os cursos d’água de regime intermitente ainda são alvos comuns de degradação provenientes de ações de uso e ocupação da terra estas, por muitas vezes, respaldadas pela legislação ambiental. Neste sentido, este trabalho de cunho descritivo e interpretativo, tem como objetivo discutir o comportamento hidrogeomorfológico dos rios intermitentes frente à delimitação das Áreas de Preservação Permanente – APPs para os cursos água estipuladas em Lei. Desse modo, a partir de revisão bibliográfica e documental, aponta-se que apesar de funcionar como medida normativa do ordenamento territorial, as definições das APPs não consideram distintamente as particularidades de cada sistema fluvial, sendo aplicada arbitrariamente de forma generalizadora podendo inclusive, causar danos à hidrogeomorfologia dos cursos d’água intermitente, e prejuízos à sociedade.
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM NA PREVENÇÃO DO CÂNCER DE COLO UTERINO NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Gabriela Ferreira Nobre Maria , Emilia Araújo de Oliveira Ana , Marinho de Farias Gizele , Sulana Costa Silva Whaniza , Leodelgario Silva Beatriz , Aparecida Araújo Oliveira Lima Elysangela
Published: March 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: O Câncer do Colo Uterino (CCU) é caracterizado como uma doença crônica degenerativa que é considerada o segundo tipo de câncer mais comum no mundo e o terceiro mais incidente na população feminina, no Brasil. Na Atenção Básica (AB) como porta de entrada para os serviços de saúde, temos uma atenção principal que é a Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), através desta são realizadas ações de rastreamento de CCU. OBJETIVO: avaliar a assistência de enfermagem na prevenção do câncer de colo uterino na atenção básica. MÉTODOS: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2019, a busca de dados foi realizada na biblioteca de dados eletrônica da BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) onde foram encontrados artigos no (LILACS) e na (BDENF). RESULTADOS: a importância da enfermagem na motivação do público feminino, a pensar sobre questões que ameaçam a saúde e a fomentar o autocuidado e prevenção de doenças, pois a falta de adesão ao exame encontra-se também relacionada as questões socioeconômicas, além de uma face subjetiva relacionada aos sentimentos e particularidades que cada mulher possui frente a realização do exame citológico. CONCLUSÃO: o exame preventivo possui suas limitações e ou ainda destaca-se a enfermagem na figura do enfermeiro, no cuidado preventivo, buscando desenvolver estratégias que motivem as mulheres para a importância e realização do exame, por meio de informações e orientações, procurando fazer com que este processo seja realizado de forma interativa, promovendo o autoconhecimento, desenvolvendo a confiança para um trabalho eficiente.

Palavras chave: Assistência de Enfermagem. Câncer de Colo Uterino. Atenção Básica.
SATURN PLANETİNİN MÜŞAHİDƏSİ VƏ TƏDQİQİ TARİXİNDƏN
Authors:   AMEA Naxçıvan bölməsi, Museyib Mammadova Turkan , Mirzali Aliyeva Turkana ,   AMEA Naxçıvan bölməsi, Ajdar Gafarova Vafa ,   AMEA Naxçıvan bölməsi
Published: March 2021

Key words: planet, Saturn, Kron, Voyager mission, Titan.
Real-life use of remdesivir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Garcia-Vidal Carolina , Meira Fernanda , Cózar-Llistó Alberto , Dueñas Gerard , Puerta-Alcalde Pedro , Garcia-Pouton Nicole , Chumbita Mariana , Cardozo Celia , Hernandez-Meneses Marta , Alonso-Navarro Rodrigo , Rico Verónica , Agüero Daiana , Bodro Marta , Morata Laura , Jordan Carlota , Lopera Carlos , Ambrosioni Juan , Segui Ferran , Grafia Nacho , Castro Pedro , García Felipe , Mensa Josep , Martínez José Antonio , Sanjuan Gemma , Soriano Alex
Published: March 2021

Objective. Controversial results on remdesivir efficacy have been reported. We aimed to report our real-life experience with the use of remdesivir from its availability in Spain. Methods. We performed a descriptive study of all patients admitted for ≥48 hours with confirmed COVID-19 who received remdesivir between the 1st of July and the 30th of September 2020. Results. A total of 123 patients out of 242 admitted with COVID-19 at our hospital (50.8%) received remdesivir. Median age was 58 years, 61% were males and 56.9 % received at least one anti-inflammatory treatment. No adverse events requiring remdesivir discontinuation were reported. The need of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation and 30-days mortality were 19.5%, 7.3% and 4.1%, respectively. Conclusion. In our real-life experience, the use of remdesivir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was associated with a low mortality rate and good safety profile.
he concept of forming the «Center for New Technology, Innovation and Digital Technologies» FGANU NIIHP in the period up to 2030
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution ", Kosovan A.P. ,   Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry", Kostyuchenko M.N. ,   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry"
Published: March 2021

Обеспечение населения хлебом всегда было одной из важнейших задач Российского государства. Сегодня для его производства в большинстве своем используются традиционные отечественные технологии. В будущем непременно будут изобретены новые технологии и хлебобулочные изделия с новыми свойствами, созданы глубоко диверсифицированные производства, произойдут организационные преобразования. В таком контексте стоит задача выбора концептуальной методологии развития хлебопекарной отрасли до 2030 года, которая должна иметь хорошо проработанную, научно-обоснованную системную инновационную направленность. Уже сейчас не вызывает сомнений необходимость ускоренного технического обновления хлебопекарных предприятий и развития отечественной машиностроительной базы. С этой целью необходимо создание постоянно действующей презентационной площадки, представляющий весь спектр отечественного технологического и общезаводского оборудования в реальных производственных условиях. Авторы данной работы предлагают концепцию формирования подобной площадки — многофункционального демонстрационного центра с постоянно обновляемой экспозицией.
The influence of servant leadership on psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship on a sample of teachers
Authors: Van der Hoven Adrian G. , Mahembe Bright , Hamman-Fisher Desiree
Published: March 2021

Orientation: The exhibition of organisation citizenship behaviour (OCB) by teachers is of great benefit for human capital development. Teachers’ perceptions of school principals as servant leaders play a critical role in their psychological empowerment and exhibition of OCBs.Research purpose: The goal of the study was to analyse the relationship between servant leadership, psychological empowerment and OCB of teachers in the South African school system.Motivation for the study: Teachers are usually under pressure to attend to the academic needs of the learners, which may be required either during normal working hours or after hours. This has necessitated the need to investigate the role played by a school principal’s servant leadership style in influencing the exhibition of OCBs.Research approach/design and method: A non-probability sample of 203 teachers drawn from selected schools in the Western Cape Province of South Africa was utilised. Item and dimensional analysis as well as structural equation modelling were performed on the data.Main findings: The constructs of servant leadership, psychological empowerment and OCB displayed high levels of internal consistency. Generally, a reasonable model fit was found for the structural and measurement models of the latent variables through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Positive relationships were found between servant leadership, psychological empowerment and OCB.Practical/managerial implications: A principal’s servant leadership approach is likely to promote teacher empowerment and development as it enables the principal to develop teachers to their fullest potential through mentoring and coaching. The teachers are likely to respond with OCB, which benefits the learners and society at large.Contribution/value-add: Schools face the challenge of motivating teachers. One of the ways of achieving this objective is by encouraging servant leadership amongst principals. Servant leadership promotes positive outcomes and extra-role behaviours.
Impact of Privatisation On Financial Performance and Efficiency of State Owned Enterprises
Authors:   Bahria University, Karachi, Ahmed Bilal
Published: March 2021

This study designed for inspecting the potential effect of privatization on the financial performance and efficiency of the Cement Sector (Kohat Cement Company and Dandot Cement Company), Oil and Gas Sector (PPL and NRL) and Service Sector (PTCL and KESC). This research is an effort to contribute in the discussion on how privatization of state-owned enterprises may impact on the financial performance and efficiency of these enterprises. The data were obtained from the State Bank library of Pakistan, Official websites of selected companies, Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan and Karachi Stock Exchange of five years pre and five years' post-privatization. Moreover, Paired t-test applied for determining and comparing the significant differences among companies' financial performances and their efficiency levels, under before and after privatization periods. The findings revealed that privatization has an insignificant impact on Cement Sector, as well as, on Service Sector. However, there is a significant impact of privatization on Oil and Gas Sector documented in this research. Furthermore, instead of privatizing companies, the government of Pakistan should accept the skills of individual persons and understand that they can resolve issues more brilliantly as compared to the third party.
Challenges of The Education System of Pakistan: Especially Featuring Adult Literacy and Enrolment Rate of Pakistan
Authors:   DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Sheikh Kinza Zafar
Published: March 2021

This Study is unfolding the challenges that Pakistan education system has been facing. Education is the key factor when we talk about leadership and development it not only develops the person but also moves the country towards progression in terms of economic, political and social improving the standards of living. Till now education at every level prepares the person for the next level till it takes the person to tertiary industry, hence there is a close connection with education and development of Pakistan, apparently, the indicator doesn't reflect very positive results. There is an untrained teaching staff with fluctuating enrollments and low resource facilitation, a dual medium of instruction, weak examination system and government that allocates low budget towards education system. Moreover, there is a lack of research which promotes new ways to handle decision and gender disparity is also seen these problems that can't be overlooked, hence this topic is selected as a domain to work on and provide possible suggestions to overcome.
إستراتيجية تطبيق برامج معايير وملصقات كفاءة الطاقة لأجهزة التكييف المنزلي في ليبيا
Authors: العباني صلاح , الطويل إبراهيم
Published: March 2021

شهد القطاع السكني في ليبيا خلال العقد الماضي نمواً في عمارة المباني السكنية نظراً لتزايد عدد السكان، كما أن إرتفاع مستوى دخل الفرد ساهم في زيادة اقتنائه للأجهزة الكهربائية المنزلية، الأمر الذي يترتب عليه زيادة الطلب على الطاقة، حيث بلغ استهلاك الطاقة في هذا القطاع 13% من إجمالي استهلاك الطاقة خلال سنة 2010 م، وقد كانت حصة أجهزة تكييف الهواء في هذا القطاع تستهلك 81.53%. ولتقليل نسبة استهلاك الطاقة و تحسين كفاءة الطاقة في هذا القطاع ينبغي النظر في سياسات لتطبيق برامج معايير وملصقات كفاءة الطاقة على أجهزة الكهربائية المنزلية، لأنها تعتبر واحدة من انجح البرامج المستخدمة في العالم، حيث تنفذ الدول مثل هذه البرامج لتقليل استهلاك الطاقة في القطاع المنزلي. هذه الورقة تعرض إمكانية تطبيق برامج معايير وملصقات كفاءة الطاقة لأجهزة التكييف المنزلي في ليبيا و التعريف بأهميتها، فالحسابات اللازمة لتصميم مثل هذه البرامج تبين التوفير في الطاقة التي يمكن تحقيقها خلال أحمال التبريد في فترة ‏الصيف التي تبلغ 4 أشهر )يونيو,يوليو,أغسطس,سبتمبر(، وقد تم وضع خطة إستراتجية لمدة عشر سنوات خلال الفترة 2020 - 2030م و ذلك لتقدير الوفرات المتوقعة في استهلاك الطاقة، وتحديد العوائق والصعوبات المحتملة، و ذلك برفع نسبة كفاءة الطاقة لأجهزة التكييف المنزلية تدريجياً على مرحلتين، حيث ترفع قيمتها من EER10 إلى EER11 في المرحلة الأولى ثم ترفع إلى EER12 كمرحلة ثانية,
TANGGUNG JAWAB GURU SEKOLAH MINGGU DALAM KEHIDUPAN SPIRITUAL ANAK
Authors: Bawole Susan
Published: March 2021

Tugas dan tanggung jawab Guru sekolah minggu sangatlah berat di zaman yang semakin maju, guru sekolah minggu mempunyai peran yang  penting dalam perkambangan spiritual anak di masa ini. Guru sebagai alat Tuhan untuk mendidik anak dalam lingkup gereja. Namun tidak begitu baik adanya di karenakan banyak guru yang melalaikan Tugasnya untuk melayani anak-anak. banyak guru hanya sekedar datang tapi tidak melakukan tanggung  jawabnya dengan benar, tidak mempunyai persiapan yang matang. Guru sebegai ujung tombak dalam mengajar anak jika tidak melaksanakan Tugas dengan baik, akan di pastikan tidak ada lagi anak-anak yang akan datang ke gereja di masa yang datang. Jurnal ini mempunyai tujuan untuk memberikan informasi bagaimana sesungguhnya Tugas dari guru sekolah minggu dalam pembentukan spiritual anak.
As políticas públicas para a agricultura familiar no Brasil: um ensaio a partir da abordagem cognitiva
Authors: Grisa Catia
Published: March 2021

Este artigo analisa a construção de três políticas públicas para a agricultura familiar, cada uma delas criada em um período histórico específico e com instrumentos diferenciados: Programa de Apoio ao Pequeno Produtor Rural (PAPP), Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) e Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). Ancorado na abordagem cognitiva de análise das políticas públicas, o artigo analisa as ideias que deram origem a esses programas, os atores que as construíram, a negociação de ideias entre os atores e a institucionalização das mesmas em políticas públicas.
An Algorithmic Approach to Children’s Gastroenteritis in SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic: Iranian Expert’s Consensus Statement
Authors: Karimi Ahmad Moein , Rajabnejad Maryam , Pourmoghaddas Zahra , Mansour Ghanaie Roxana , Rafiei Tabatabaei Sedigheh , Armin Shahnaz , Fahimzad Seyed Alireza , Khoshgovari Amin , Tayeri Katayoun , Solgi Abbas , Soltantooyeh Zahra
Published: March 2021

: Diarrhea and vomiting with or without fever are common symptoms in children, while one of the most common clinical findings of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, there is a need to develop an algorithm for dealing with a patient with gastroenteritis in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.
Unwrapping the Spectacle
Authors: Finn Douglas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2021

In this article, I explore how Augustine uses sermonic rhetoric to bring about the transfiguration of Babylon, the city of humankind, into Jerusalem, the city of God. Focusing on Enarratio in Psalmum 147, I show how Augustine situates his audience between two spectacles, the Roman theater and games and the eschatological vision of God. Augustine seeks to turn his hearers’ eyes and hearts from the one spectacle to the other, from the love of this world to love of the next. In the process, Augustine wages battle on two fronts: he criticizes pagan Roman culture, on the one hand, and Donatist Christian separatism and perfectionism, on the other. Through his preaching, Augustine stages yet another spectacle, the history of God’s mercy and love, whereby God affirmed the world’s goodness by using it as the means of healing and transfiguration. Indeed, Augustine does not simply depict the spectacle of salvation; he seeks to make his hearers into that spectacle by exhorting them to practice mercy, thereby inscribing them into the history of God’s love and helping gradually transfigure them into the heavenly Jerusalem.
Correction: The influence of project teaching on creativity and achievements of students in studying social contents within the subject Nature and Society (2020, iss. 17, pp. 1-18, doi: 10.5937/sinteze9-25402)
Authors: Janković Aleksandar , Davidović Andrijana , Lambić Dragan
Published: March 2021

U radu Uticaj projektne nastave na kreativnost i postignuća učenika u savladavanju društvenih sadržaja u predmetu priroda i društvo, objavljenom u broju 17, doi: 10.5937/sinteze9-25402, greškom autora, nisu navedeni i koautori. Ovom prilikom se izvinjavamo autorima i čitaocima. Moramo naglasiti da je rad pre publikovanja dostavljen na uvid i proveru autoru, ali je primedba usledila nakon što je rad publikovan.
Assessment of the applicability of the Balanced Scorecard concept in small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Jolović Ivana , Jolović Nevena
Published: March 2021

The modern management concept Balanced Scorecard (BSC), thanks to the efficient solutions it offers, draws increasing attention from the management across the globe. BSC is a performance measurement system which unites a traditional, financial perspective with the consumer, internal business processes, and learning and growth perspectives; and provides intelligibility of the company's vision and strategic goals, strengthening of the internal communication of employees, and more efficient realization of key business activities. The implementation of the BSC concept in large enterprises is a quite simple and efficient process, while the procedure of incorporating its postulates into the structure of small and medium-sized enterprises is extremely complex and uncertain. For that reason, the aim of this scientific research is the assessment of the applicability of the BSC in small and medium-sized enterprises, with a simultaneous overview of examples of successful and less successful implementation practices, and the most frequent reasons for non-implementation of the concept itself. The research is inspired by the observation that the world literature has, to a certain extent, neglected the analysis of the application of the BSC concept in small and medium-sized enterprises. The descriptive and comparative method, the technique of analysis and synthesis, as well as analysis of the content of relevant literature of reference, national and foreign authors were used for research purposes. The result of the research is the confirmed assumption that the implementation of the BSC concept in small and medium-sized enterprises is possible but at the same time quite complex and demanding due to the influence of different variables. Accordingly, the recommendations such as that the BSC model should be simplified and burdened with a smaller number of metrics in order to become more applicable in small and medium-sized enterprises were derived in the research.
Software engineering a forty years research retrospective
Authors: Kajan E.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents author experience with software development during last forty years. It is divided into three eras: closed and open -systems and Internet of Everything, each covered by challenges, issues and solutions. The main stream is given from the interoperability perspective and flavored by security issues. Variety of applications domains, that author faced during his carrier, each with own challenges, is presented. Example include computer graphics systems, special-purpose solutions, business-to-business, business process management, e-government, and smart cities.
Influence of autonomous vessels on cost efficiency in waterborne transportation
Authors: Erceg Ružica , Pjevčević Danijela , Maraš Vladislav , Radonjić Aleksandar
Published: March 2021

The paper is based on the analysis of advantages and savings in the application of autonomous ships in relation to conventional ships. With the introduction of new technologies and the improvement of communication, a reduction in the number of navigation accidents is expected, ie an increase in navigation safety. In addition to the analysis of the travel costs of autonomous and conventional ships, emissions of harmful gases were also considered.
Analysis of the efficiency of financial institutions in Serbia based on the OCRA method
Authors: Lukić Radojko
Published: March 2021

Recently, as is well known, the performance and efficiency of financial institutions are increasingly being measured on the basis of multi-criteria analysis. With this in mind, this paper analyzes the efficiency of financial institutions in Serbia based on the OCRA method. In this context, adequate measures have been proposed to improve the efficiency of financial institutions in Serbia in the future. Based on the obtained results of research on the efficiency of financial institutions in Serbia using the OCRA method, it can be concluded that banks and insurance companies are the most efficient in order. They are in order: other financial institutions, financial leasing providers, voluntary pension funds, broker-dealer companies, open-end investment funds, voluntary pension fund management companies and investment fund management companies. This positioning of financial institutions in Serbia was influenced by numerous macro and micro factors. The development of the financial market plays a significant role in this. It is still not at the level of developed market economies.
Satisfaction with working conditions of employees in restaurants in Novi Sad
Authors: Šmutović Stefan , Kalenjuk Bojana , Grubor Biljana
Published: March 2021

Employee satisfaction is one of the key conditions for the success of a company. In order for an organization to succeed in business, it must know its employees and align their individual goals with organizational goals. Catering, as an expanding activity, is characterized by a large turnover of employees, which makes finding and retaining quality staff a very serious task for the organization. In order to increase their chances and keep competent staff, organizations must provide the satisfaction of their employees. #e aim of this research is to determine the degree to which restaurants in Novi Sad care about the satisfaction of their employees and whether the type of restaurant determines the degree of their satisfaction.
Novel EDAS++ method: Interval type criteria and extension to EDAS
Authors: Štilić Anđelka
Published: March 2021

Multicriteria problems belong to poorly structured decision-making problems as they take place in conditions of stochasticity (indeterminacy). This primarily refers to the number of criteria and the complexity of their mutual relations between which there may be complete opposition, as well as to the methodologically diverse space for determining preferences or weighting factors which significantly affect the decision-making results. The paper focuses on the introduction of new types of criteria: 1 - 4 interval type criteria and its implementation in EDAS + method of multicriteria analysis.
Presencia de hiena manchada en los depósitos basales (Pleistoceno Superior final) del yacimiento arqueológico de La Cueva de Nerja (Málaga, España)
Authors: Arribas Herrera Alfonso , Aura Tortosa J. Emilio , Carrión José S. , Jordá-Pardo Jesús F. , Pérez-Ripoll Manuel
Published: March 2021

La Cueva de Nerja (Maro, témino municipal de Nerja, provincia de Málaga, S de España) contiene un importante yacimiento arqueológico en la zona de su antigua entrada (salas de la Torca, de la Mina y del Vestíbulo) cuya cronología se encuentra comprendida entre ca. 25.000 y ca. 3.000 años BP, secuencia que cubre el Pleistoceno superior final y gran parte del Holoceno. En el nivel basal de la Sala del Vestíbulo (NV13, cuadros C-4 y B-8), acotado en una horquilla cronológica comprendida entre ca. 25.000 y ca. 20.000 años BP, se han recuperado cuatro fragmentos de coprolito de color blanco atribuibles la hiena manchada de las cavernas (Crocuta crocuta spelaea).
Recesión: Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C. y Bernárdez Rodriguez,E.2003. Un tesoro geológico en la Autovia del Cantábrico.- El trúnel Ordovícico del Fabar Ribadesella (Asturias)
Authors: Márquez-Aliaga Ana
Published: March 2021

Se trata de un libro dirigido al público en general, donde se van describiendo los diversos avatares que los autores han ido superando, hasta acceder, estudiar y describir el gran tesoro geológico y paleontológico que, ya se presumía, estaba contenido en los materiales geológicos bajo la montaña ordovícica.
Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Acosta-Hospitalache Carolina , Tambussi Claudia
Published: March 2021

Dos restos aislados de aves fororracoideas fueron recientemente exhumados de los sedimentos de la Formación Sarmiento de edad Mustersense (Eoceno Superior) en la localidad fosilífera de Gran Hondonada en la provincia de Chubut, Argentina. Ambos restos, una falange ungueal del segundo dígito izquierdo (MEF PV-1721) y un tarsometatarso derecho sin su extremo distal (MEF PV-1722) son asignados a Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae. Corresponden a aves depredadoras de mediano porte y escasa capacidad de vuelo, que habrían ocupado los niveles superiores de las cadenas tróficas y que sugieren la presencia de biomas abiertos con escasas áreas boscosas.
New Middle Cambrian molluscs from the Láncara Formation of the Cantabrian Mountains (north-western Spain)
Authors: Wotte Thomas
Published: March 2021

An abundant and highly diverse fauna is characteristic for the nodular limestones of the upper member of the Láncara Formation. It consists of echinoderms, trilobites, brachiopods, molluscs, sponge- and chancelloriid remains, and other small shelly fossils. Whereas the trilobites of the Láncara Formation are well investigated, information on other faunal groups is clearly underrepresented. In this paper the Middle Cambrian helcionelloid molluscs and hyoliths of the upper member of the Láncara Formation from four sections are described for the first time. The mollusc fauna shows clear affinities to Siberia, South Australia, Greenland, and China. The following taxa were described: Protowenella lancaraensis new species, Mackinnonia cf. rostrata (Zhou & Xiao, 1984), Pelagiella subangulata (Tate, 1892), Conotheca sp., and Microcornus sp.
Evidencias y causas de los principales eventos del Paleógeno basadas en los patrones de extinción y supervivencia de los foraminíferos
Authors: Molina Eustoquio
Published: March 2021

Se realiza una síntesis comparativa de los cinco principales eventos del Paleógeno, desde el límite Cretácico/ Paleógeno hasta el Eoceno/Oligoceno, integrando los resultados obtenidos a partir del estudio de las asociaciones de foraminíferos con otros datos paleontológicos y geológicos. Se describen distintas estrategias de supervivencia de las especies y se estima la duración de las distintas etapas de extinción, supervivencia y recuperación. Se reconocen los modelos y patrones de extinción de los foraminíferos. Se ponen de manifiesto diferentes evidencias y factores paleoambientales y se analizan las posibles causas de extinción.
In vitro: The Modulating Effect of Myricetin on the Atherosclerosis Related Processes in THP1 Macrophages
Authors: Almassabi Rehab F. , Huwait Etimad A. , Almowallad Sanaa J. , Saddeek Salma Y. , Gauthaman Kalamegam
Published: March 2021

Aims: To assess the anti-atherosclerotic effects of Myricetin (pharmaceutical) in human THP-1 macrophages following IFN-γ or MCP-1 stimulation.

Study Design: The protective effects of myricetin against atherosclerosis was evaluated using the humanTHP-1 macrophages and studying the following parameters namely, cell viability, cell proliferation, cell migration, inflammation related gene expression and cholesterol efflux in vitro.

Place and Duration of Study: THP-1 cell line: Department of biochemistry (faculty of science), Cell Culture Unit, Experimental Biochemistry Unit (King Fahad Medical Research Centre), King Abdul Aziz University, between September 2019 and September 2020.

Methodology: The THP-1 cell lines were differentiated into macrophages by incubation with PMA (160 nM) for 24 hours. The viability percentage was determined using Pierce LDH cytotoxicity assay kit, the percentage change in macrophages proliferation was evaluated by crystal violet dye, the RNA was extracted then the cDNA was synthesized and the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was done for inflammation-related genes, ICAM-1 and MCP-1. The percentage of monocyte migration and cholesterol efflux were also calculated.

Results: Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated no significant toxicity with myricetin at 25μM and 50 μM concentrations on THP-1 macrophages. The quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated a significant increase in interferon gamma (IFN-γ) mediated expression of both intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by 2.1 and 7.1 fold respectively, compared to the control. Treatment with myricetin (25 μM and 50 μM) significantly inhibited the IFN-γ induced overexpression of ICAM-1 by 42.86% & 71.34% and MCP-1 by 53.52% & 87.32% respectively. Myricetin (25 μM) significantly reduced the migration of monocytes by 33.66% compared to MCP-1. The cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages treated with myricetin was significantly increased by 47% and 57% in the absence and presence of IFN-γ, respectively compared to the control.

Conclusion: Myricetin has anti-inflammatory effects and supports cholesterol efflux, which can help in prevention of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, myricetin did not exhibit any cytotoxic effects and therefore is a safe phytochemical which can complement conventional therapeutics.
Promenade of wind ‐NIFCO YRP‐
Authors: Koshino Tatsuya , Tai Toru
Published: March 2021

The Promenade of Wind is an entry building to experimental facilities on a nature‐rich hill where a fresh prevailing wind blows. The building provides an open passage space connecting the buildings standing on its 2 sides, and is used as a thinking, resting, communication, and meeting space for researchers. The big yajirobe (balancing‐toy) roof framed structure provides a variety of places to stay. We have created a space that makes you feel more familiar with natural changes by positively taking in “variations in environment”, such as changes in light and wind, through water features and natural ventilation.
Printed Iontophoretic‐Integrated Wearable Microfluidic Sweat‐Sensing Patch for On‐Demand Point‐Of‐Care Sweat Analysis
Authors: Paul Brince , Demuru Silvia , Lafaye Céline , Saubade Mathieu , Briand Danick
Published: March 2021

In recent years, wearable epidermal sweat sensors have received extensive attention owing to their great potential to provide personalized information on the health status of individuals at the molecular level. For on‐demand medical analysis of sweat in sedentary conditions, a cost‐effective wearable integrated platform combining sweat stimulation, sampling, transport, and analysis is highly desirable. In this work, a printed iontophoretic system integrated into a microfluidic sensing platform, which combines sweat induction, collection, and real‐time analysis of sweat‐ions into a single patch for on‐demand sweat monitoring on human subjects in stationary conditions is reported. The incorporation of microfluidics features facilitates sweat sampling, collection, and guiding through capillary effect. The multisensing sensor array exhibits sensitivity close to Nernstian behavior for sodium, potassium, and pH. The correlation between the concentrations of ions measured with the sweat patch and with ion chromatography analysis demonstrates the applicability of the system for real‐time point‐of‐care monitoring of the health status of individuals. Furthermore, the sweat patch electronic interface with wireless transmission enables real‐time data monitoring and storage over a cloud platform. This printed iontophoretic‐integrated fluidic sweat patch provides a cost‐effective solution for the on‐demand analysis of sweat components for healthcare applications.
Recent Progress on Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors: From Design and Materials to Applications
Authors: Mishra Rishabh B. , El‐Atab Nazek , Hussain Aftab M. , Hussain Muhammad M.
Published: March 2021

For decades, the revolution in design and fabrication methodology of flexible capacitive pressure sensors using various inorganic/organic materials has significantly enhanced the field of flexible and wearable electronics with a wide range of applications in aerospace, automobiles, marine environment, robotics, healthcare, and consumer/portable electronics. Mathematical modelling, finite element simulations, and unique fabrication strategies are utilized to fabricate diverse shapes of diaphragms, shells, and cantilevers which function in normal, touch, or double touch modes, operation principles inspired from microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based capacitive pressure sensing techniques. The capacitive pressure sensing technique detects changes in capacitance due to the deformation/deflection of a pressure sensitive mechanical element that alters the separation gap of the capacitor. Due to advancement in state‐of‐the‐art fabrication technologies, the performance and properties of capacitive pressure sensors are enhanced. In this review paper, recent progress in flexible capacitive pressure sensing techniques in terms of design, materials, and fabrication strategies is reported. The mechanics and fabrication steps of paper‐based low‐cost MEMS/flexible devices are also broadly reported. Lastly, the applications of flexible capacitive pressure sensors, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed.