bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Nonspecific Cross‐reacting Antigen in Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Kakudo Kennichi , Takami Hiroshi , Katayama Shoichi , Matsuura Nariaki , Kamoshida Shingo , Miyauchi Akira , Watanabe Keiichi
Published: December 2008

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and nonspecific cross‐reacting antigen (NCA) were studied immunohisto‐chemically in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues of 73 cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) using 2 polyclonal antibodies (CEA antisera cross‐reactive with or without NCA), 3 monoclonal antibodies recognizing epitopes only on CEA, and one monoclonal antibody against NCA. The staining patterns of the 5 antibodies against CEA in MTCs were not different, and they reacted with 86.3% of all cases. With regard to the effects of fixatives on the staining patterns, samples fixed with formalin or 4% paraformaldehyde demonstrated CEA immunoreactivity in both the cell membrane and cytoplasm. In Bouin fixed tissue, the immunoreactivity was predominant on the cell membrane, whereas cytoplasmic positivity predominated in alcohol fixed specimens. Thus the difference in fixatives used in previous studies does not appear to be a major reason for the difference in the reported incidence of CEA positive MTCs. It is concluded that CEA is still a useful tumor marker for MTC and that it is detectable only in thyroid tumors originating from C cells, as seen in our series. The epitope defined by monoclonal antibody F106 88, present only on NCA, was found in 42.5% of all cases (49.2% of CEA positive MTCs). The NCA immunoreactivity was located in the tumor cell cytoplasm as globular aggregates, which were also labeled for CEA.
Neuroendocrine Differentiation in a Case of Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Ito Kunihisa , Kakudo Kennichi , Mori Ichiro , Horiuchi Masatoshi , Osamura Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2008

We report a case of acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland with neuroendocrine differentiation. Light microscopically, the tumor appeared as clear cell‐type acinic cell carcinoma. In addition, the tumor showed neurosecretory features such as Grimelius positivity and the presence of neurosecretory granules by electron microscopy. We suggest that a tumor cell arising from a stem cell can show simultaneous differentiation to both neuroendocrine and acinic cells.
Histological Changes in Cardiac Hemochromatosis Improved by an Iron‐chelating Agent A Biopsy Case
Authors: Tashiro Atsushi , Satodate Ryoichi , Segawa Ikuo
Published: December 2008

Cardiac dysfunction and ECG abnormalities were demonstrated in a 51 year old woman suffering from secondary hemochromatosis in sideroblastic anemia. Hemosiderin deposition in vacuolized and disarrayed myocytes was disclosed by microscopic examination of the first biopsy specimen of endomyocardial tissue. Three months after administration of deferoxamine mesylate, an iron chelating agent, the clinical findings were improved. The second endomyocardial biopsy revealed marked depletion of hemosiderin deposition in the myocytes, and improvement of myocyte vacuolization and disarray. Ultrastructurally, the highly electron dense granules in the myocytes were also decreased in number and density. X ray microanalysis revealed a prominent peak of Fe in the granules. In a liver specimen obtained by needle biopsy 5 months after the second endomyocardial biopsy, marked hemosiderin deposition still remained.
A Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumor of the Uterine Corpus with Hypercatecholaminemia
Authors: Uede Toshimitsu , Saito Tsuyoshi , Minase Takashi , Miura Tetsuji , Kikuchi Kenjiro , Limura Osamu , Kon Shinichiro , Iwaki Hiroyuki , Mori Michio , Kikuchi Kokichi
Published: December 2008

We report an unusual case of malignant mixed mesodermal tumor of the uterine corpus associated with various symptoms related to overproduction of catecholamine by the tumor cells. Histologically, the tumor was dominated by carcinomatous epithelium with foci of malignant mesen‐chyma. The type of epithelium was endometrioid with papillary adenocarcinomas containing foci of malignant squamous epithelium. The malignant mesenchyma consisted mainly of a fibrous stroma with many large and bizarre cells and spindle cells mimicking leiomyosarcoma, many of which were pleomorphic and contained large bizarre hyperchromatic nuclei. Foci of atypical adult type cartilage and neoplastic osteoid formation were noted. In the tumor tissue, membrane‐bound neurosecretory type cytoplasmic granules were demonstrated by electron microscopy and polypeptide hormone synthesis was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the patient suffered frequent attacks of sudden hypertension with hypercatecholaminemia.
Immunohistochemical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Cytokeratin Distribution in the Collecting Tubule of the Rat Kidney
Authors: Hemmi Akihiro , Mori Yoshiomi
Published: December 2008

Cytokeratin distribution in the collecting tubules (CTs) of the rat kidney was studied by immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After preparation of sections from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue for immunohistochemistry, the remaining tissue was prepared for SEM. The cut surfaces of the tissue were examined by SEM and compared with sections stained with anti cytokeratin antibody. The immunostained sections revealed positive staining along the entire CTs. However, in addition to diffusely stained cells, unstained and partially stained cells were seen. The latter were not distributed in inner medullary CTs, whereas the diffusely stained cells were observed in cortical, outer medullary and inner medullary CTs. This immunohistochemical heterogeneity of cytokeratin reactivity was prominent in the outer medullary and cortical CTs. From this comparative study of immunostained sections and SEM specimens, it was concluded that the hetero‐geneously stained cells correspond to intercalated cells, whereas the diffusely stained cells represent most principal cells. These results suggest that the difference in cytokeratin density among CT cells may represent different functional states, at least in intercalated cells.
Anaplastic Ependymoma of the Spinal Cord in Childhood A Case Report
Authors: Fujiyarna Kaoru , Kishikawa Masao , Fuji Hideharu , Moriyarna Tadayoshi , Fuchigami Kengo , Iseki Masachika , Shinkai Kiyoto
Published: December 2008

We report a 6‐year‐old girl with anaplastic ependymoma probably originating in the region of the conus medullaris and probably spreading retrogradely to the region of the interventricular foramen (Monro) through the cere‐brospinal fluid (CSF). Since ependymoma of the spinal cord rarely occurs in children, and retrograde spreading is extremely rare, the histological features and mechanism of metastasis of the tumor are discussed.
A Case of Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy: Light and Electron Microscopic Observations of the Glomerulus
Authors: Shibata Toshikatsu , Kaneko Naoe , Hara Yoshihito , Saito Takao , Sakaguchi Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

A 41 year old Japanese woman with lipoprotein glomerulopathy is reported. The patient presented with nephrotic syndrome, hyperlipoproteinemia and an increased level of plasma Apo E. The damaged glomeruli showed various degrees of capillary dilatation and accumulation of some material often showing stratification, along with mesangial proliferation and mesangial interposition. The accumulated material was stained positive for β‐ lipoprotein by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Capillary dilatation resulted from gradual accumulation of the lipoprotein as well as destruction of the mesangium, as if being torn off, due to increased intraluminal pressure. The patient's eldest sister also suffers from the same renal disease, suggesting a hereditary predisposition.
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis as a Risk Factor of Thyroid Lymphoma
Authors: Aozasa Katsuyuki
Published: December 2008

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (struma lymphomatosa), first described by Hashimoto in 1912, is an autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid commonly affecting middle aged women. Histologic features of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) include diffuse infiltration of lymphoid cells usually with formation of lymphoid follicles, varying degrees of fibrosis, oxyphilic change or squamous metaplasia in the epithelial cells. When the presence of focal lymphocytic infiltration is assumed to be an adequate criterion for diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis, the incidence appears to be as high as 16–23% in elderly females. An etiologically important role of HT in the development of thyroid lymphoma had been postulated, and recently, this was confirmed by epidemiological studies. In this article, a brief review of HT is given, together with results of our studies on thyroid lymphoma, and a discussion in the light of the pertinent literature. Immunologic and immunohis‐tologic studies revealed that all of the thyroid lymphomas were of the B cell type. Malignant lymphomas developing in patients with other autoimmune diseases such as Sjǒ‐gren syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis have also been reported to be B cell derived. Therefore it is suggested that immune deficiency is a causal factor for B cell lymphoma.
Immunohistochemical and Gross Dissection Studies of Annular Pancreas
Authors: Suda Koichi
Published: December 2008

Three cases of annular pancreas were studied immunohis‐tochemically on an embryological basis in relation to the duct system. Annular pancreatic tissue was characterized by abundant, irregularly shaped islets with a very high proportion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells, similar to those in the postero‐inferior part of the pancreatic head of controls. This PP‐rich area fused with PP‐poor areas in both the anterior and posterior portions, resulting in encirclement of the duodenum except for a few PP poor areas. The pancreatic duct of the annular tissue passed from the anterior portion to the lateral and posterior portions, finally joining with the main pancreatic duct. No connection was present between the duct of the anterior portion and the main pancreatic duct. Therefore, the annular pancreatic tissue was revealed to arise from the ventral primordium, supporting Lecco's theory that the free end of the ventral anlage is fixed.
Expression of Blood Group Antigens and Lectin Binding in Adenocarcinomas of the Endometrium
Authors: Memon Rashida S. , Yonezawa Suguru , Hasui Kazuhisa , Sato Eiichi
Published: December 2008

To investigate cytoplasmic alterations in cancers of the endometrium, monoclonal antibodies against H, A and B blood group substances and related lectins such as Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA‐l), Lotus fefragonolobus agglutinin (LTA), and Griffonia simplicifolia 1 (GS1‐A4, ‐B4) were applied to 42 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) and 11 adenomyoses. The control specimens consisted of normal endometria with leiomyoma or adenomyosis from patients of known blood group type. The brightest and most consistent staining was obtained with GS1‐ A4, showing 98% positivity in EAC in contrast to 18% in normal endometria. In contrast, expression of A antigen was seen in only 24% of EAC and in 13% of normal endometria, UEA‐1 binding was seen in 81% of EAC and in 10% of normal endometria, whereas H antigen was seen in 60% of EAC and 0% of normal endometria. In adenocar. cinomas, staining was seen not only along the luminal border of glands but also in the cytoplasm and the lateral or basal cell membranes, whereas in the normal endometrium staining was mostly along the luminal border. Thus, a difference in the positivity and localization of glycoconjugates was observed in neoplastic and non neoplastic endometrium.
ImmunohistochemicaI and Imrnunoblotting Detection of Cytokeratin in Smooth Muscle Tumors
Authors: Tauchi Katsunori , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Yoshimura Shinichi , Watanabe Keiichi
Published: December 2008

Forty six smooth muscle tumors, including 35 of gastrointestinal origin, were studied immunohistochemically for the localization of cytokeratin using a variety of monoclonal antibodies. In formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded material, six of 40 leiomyomas, two of five leiomyosar‐comas and one leiomyoblastoma were immunoreactive for cytokeratin in a few tumor cells. A proportion of non neoplastic smooth muscle cells also exhibited a positive reaction. In fresh frozen sections of one gastric leio‐myosarcoma, a high percentage of tumor cells were reactive with nine of the eleven anti cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies examined. Cytokeratin positive cyto‐plasmic filaments were further demonstrated by im‐munoelectron microscopy. By immunoblot analysis, an extract of this immunohistochemically cytokeratin‐positive leiomyosarcoma showed a distinct band at the same position as an extract of pancreas, whereas no bands were seen in an extract of a cytokeratin‐negative esophageal leiomyosarcoma. These immunohistochemical and immunoblotting findings indicate that a certain subset of smooth muscle neoplasms express genuine cytokeratin filaments.
Expression of Vimentin and Epithelial Membrane Antigen in Human Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: Sarker Ashit Baran , Akagi Tadaatsu , Yoshino Tadashi , Hoshida Yoshihiko , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Horie Yasushi
Published: December 2008

Immunoreactivity with monoclonal antibodies against the intermediate filament protein, vimentin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was examined in 330 cases of lymphoma (317 non‐Hodgkin's and 13 Hodgkin's lymphomas), 12 reactive lymph nodes and mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood using either indirect immunoperox‐idase staining or the avidin‐biotin immunoperoxidase complex technique. The cell origin of each tumor was established using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte differentiation antigens. There were 41 T cell, 247 B cell and 29 undetermined lymphomas, and 13 cases of Hodgkin's disease in the series. Vimentin was expressed in 24 T‐cell lymphomas (58.5%) and 60 B cell lymphomas (24.2%). This difference in frequency was statistically significant. Vimentin expression in follicular lymphomas was less frequent than in diffuse B‐cell lymphomas. In diffuse lymphomas, small and medium cell types were more reactive with anti‐vimentin than large cell types. Reed‐Sternberg cells (R‐S cells) in Hodgkin's disease were positive for vimentin in 11 cases (84.6%). The frequency of EMA reactivity in lymphomas was low, particularly in T cell lymphomas. No positive cases were found among follicular lymphomas. In diffuse non Hodgkin's lymphomas, EMA was expressed only in mixed and large cell types, but never in smaller ones. In conclusion, monoclonal antibodies against vimentin and EMA appear to be of limited usefulness for the diagnosis of non Hodgkin's lymphomas, but anti vimentin antibody may be used as an adjunct to the diagnosis of R‐S cells in Hodgkin's disease.
Postmortem Diagnosis of Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia Usefulness of lmmunohistochemistry and Tissue Hemogram
Authors: Umezawa Akihiro , Yamada Taketo , Ogawa Yuuto , Kuramochi Shigeru , Watanabe Yonosuke
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL) is presented. The bone marrow was hypercellular with proliferation of three lineages, especially megakaryocytes. Immunohistochemical examination revealed many platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa)‐ positive blast cells in bone marrow. The proportion of the blasts was 26.4% by tissue hemogram. GP IIb/IIIa‐positive blasts and megakaryoblasts were deposited massively in lymph nodes. lmmunohistochemistry against GP IIb/IIIa and tissue hemograms by paraffin section are needed to diagnose AMKL by postmortem examination, since the identification of ultra‐structural platelet peroxidase in autopsy materials is difficult.
Immunohistochemical Study of Fiber Types in Human Extraocular Muscles
Authors: Fujii Yoshiyuki , Abe Jun‐ichi , Nunomura Shinsaku , Moriuchi Tsuyoshi , Hizawa Kazuo
Published: December 2008

Fiber types in human extraocular muscle (h‐EOM) were examined immunohistochemicaliy with antibodies against slow tonic (anti‐ALD) and slow twitch (anti‐SOL) myosins. Four types of muscle fiber in h EOM were distinguishable according to their reactivities with these antibodies. Groups 1 and 2 fibers reacted with both antibodies, group 1 fibers showing stronger reactivity than group 2 fibers with anti‐ALD. Group 3 fibers reacted only with anti‐SOL. Group 4 fibers did not react with either antibody. The latter were the most common, and were the main fibers in both the peripheral (outer orbital) and central zones of h EOM. The next most common were group 1 fibers, which were located mainly in the peripheral layer. Group 2 fibers were less common, but were the second most common type in the central layer. Group 3 fibers were only minor constituents. Multiple innervations were observed in some fibers of groups 1 and 2, and group 1 fibers were suggested to be slow tonic myofibers in h‐EOM. These specific immunohistochemical and physiological features of h‐EOM seem to be the basis of the low morbidity seen in the usual types of muscular dystrophy. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 808‐814, 1990.
Intra cytoplasmic and Extracytoplasmic Lumina with a Peripheral Halo and Spikes (Spicular Bodies) Found in Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Ishikura Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Intracytoplasmic lumina, each with a peripheral halo and spikes, a hitherto undescribed histological structure, were found in several human carcinomas. Similar structures found at the free surfaces of carcinoma cells, or those composed of several individual carcinoma cells, were designated extracytoplasmic lumina with a peripheral halo and spikes. Haloes were seen along the cytoplasm around the lumina, and the spikes penetrated into the cytoplasmic haloes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that these spicular bodies were lumina equipped with microvilli containing an actin core. Spicular bodies were found in the following neoplasms; 22% of hepatocellular carcinomas (11/50), 35% of colonic adenocarcinomas (7/20), 31% of gastric adenocarcinomas (16/51). In contrast, no or only very occasional spicular bodies were found in thyroid (0/20) and mammary (1/22) adenocarcinomas. Although the diagnostic value of this structure is unknown at the present time, its identification in a carcinoma may be a histologic indicator of its endodermal nature. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 815‐819, 1990.
Carcinosarcoma of the Submandibular Gland
Authors: Suzuki Junko , Takagi Minoru , Okada Norihiko , Hatakeyama Shigeru , Yamamoto Hajime
Published: December 2008

We present a rare case of submandibular gland carcinosarcoma occurring in a 45 year old male patient. His clinical history revealed that the carcinosarcoma had developed from a carcinoma ex mixed tumor in three years. In spite of repeated resection, intensive chemotherapy and irradiation, the tumor recurred and grew rapidly, and the patient died of hemothorax caused by rupture of a pulmonary metastatic tumor. The fourth recurrent tumor and autopsy specimens showed features of carcinosarcoma consisting of three tumor components, i.e., undifferentiated carcinoma, and chondrosarcomatous and osteosar‐comatous growth. The metastatic nodules in both lungs and pulmonary hilar lymph nodes showed the same pattern. Immunohistochemically, the chondrosarcomatous cells were positive for vimentin and S 100 protein, and for epithelial markers such as epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin (MA 902). Undifferentiated carcinoma cells, on the other hand, were partially positive for muscle actin other than cytokeratin (KL 1). Ultrastructur‐ally, desmosome like structures were seen in the chondrosarcomatous cells. These findings suggest that the sarcomatous lesions might have originated from epithelial cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 827 831, 1990.
Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Female Urethra with Three Histologic Patterns and Partial AFP Positivity
Authors: Hanai Jun , Lin Meisui
Published: December 2008

A rare case of adenocarcinoma of the female urethra with alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) positivity in a 52‐year‐old woman is reported. The tumor was papillary polypoid, localized in the posterior wall of the mid‐urethra and microscopically showed three histologic components. Upon immunostain‐ing and histochemical staining, the tumor was characterized by intestinal type cells positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), EMA negative and AFP positive columnar vacuolated cells and mainly EMA positive clear cells. On the basis of these features together with the known embryogenesis of the urethra, an endodermal origin of the tumor is suggested, possibly arising from the reserve or stem cells in the urethral mucosa. This case and its immunohistochemical features are quite unique and the histologic combination is meaningful when considering the oncogenesis and histogenesis of urethral tumors. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 838 844, 1990.
Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor of the Ovary
Authors: Hano Hiroshi , Endo Mamoru , Sekino Shoichi , Takasaki Satoshi , Ushigome Shinichiro
Published: December 2008

A case of malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary in a 57 year old woman is reported along with the results of an immunohistochemical study. The tumor, measuring 16·10·9cm, was composed predominantly of adenocarcinoma with a smaller amount of anaplastic carcinoma as an epithelial component and chondrosarcoma, liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyoblasts as mesenchymal elements. Immunohistochemistry using paraffin sections demonstrated cytokeratin (CK) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), generally regarded as epithelial markers, not only in the epithelial component but also in chondrosarcoma cells. Vimentin and desmin, generally regarded as mesenchymal markers, were exhibited partly in carcinoma cells as well as in mesenchymal elements. Positive staining for S 100 protein was obtained not only in chondrosarcoma and liposarcoma cells, but also partly in adenocarcinoma cells. This intricate immunohistochemical picture reflected the histologic findings. It is noteworthy that both carcinoma cells and chondrosarcoma cells demonstrated simultaneous expression of CK, EMA, vimentin, desmin and S 100 protein. This somewhat unusual antigen expression by tumor cells may indicate a change in the nature of tumor cells due to microenvironmental factors. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 845 850, 1990.
Eosinophilic Granuloma of Lymph Node
Authors: Edamitsu Osamu , Sugihara Shigetaka , Ohbuchi Toshio , Kojiro Masamichi , Kaneko Toshioki
Published: December 2008

Eosinophilic granuloma confined to the lymph node of a 25‐year‐old Japanese woman is reported. She presented with a low‐grade fever and pain in the left cervical region. A finger‐tip‐sized cervical lymph node was excised for histological study. Microscopically, the normal architecture of the lymph node was distorted, and histiocytoid cells had proliferated mainly in the sinus. Numerous eosinophils and an appreciable number of large multinucleated cells were also observed. Ultrastructurally, Birbeck granules were found in the cytoplasm of the histiocytoid cells. Immunohistochemically, the proliferating cells and multinucleated cells were found to be positive for S 100 protein but negative for lysozyme in the cytoplasm. The patient has been well without recurrence for 10 months after the lymph node biopsy. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 851‐855, 1990.
Intraosseous Glomus Tumor in the Sacrum
Authors: Kobayashi Yasushi , Kawaguchi Takanori , Imoto Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Tomio
Published: December 2008

Primary intraosseous glomus tumor is rare and may occur in the medullary cavity of bone. A 22 year old woman with a one year history of spontaneous and persistent sacral pain was found to have an intraosseous glomus tumor in this unusual location. Curettage was followed by complete relief from pain. This case of glomus tumor originating in the sacrum is thought to be the first reported in the world literature. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 856‐859, 1990.
Ultrastructural Cytochemistry of Eosinophilic Inclusions in the Cells of Hyperplastic Nodules and Hepatomas in Mouse Liver
Authors: Muzzillo Dominique A. , Hoshino Munemitsu , Matsuyama Mutsushi
Published: December 2008

Intracisternal inclusions in the cells of 48 hyperplastic nodules and hepatomas in mouse liver were examined by electron microscopy to determine the precise compositions of the inclusions in relation to their ultrastructure, and some preliminary attempts at isolation and chemical analysis of the inclusions were performed. We classified the inclusions into two types. One was mainly of larger size, consisting of a single electron‐lucent core and a granular cortical zone of high electron density. The other type was smaller, with a number of tiny, electron‐lucent areas crowded into the central area instead of a single core. The cortical material of the inclusions was digested by pepsin treatment of thin sections, whereas the core and the electron lucent areas within the cortical zone were not extracted. On the other hand, in materials treated with ethanol before post osmication, only the core and electron‐lucent areas within the cortical zone were partially extracted. The ultrastructure of the isolated inclusions was very similar to that of inclusions in situ. The chemical composition of the isolated fractions was estimated to be 60% protein and 35% lipid. Electrophoretically, the protein of this fraction showed a single band. We conclude that the cortical substance is proteinaceous in nature, probably consisting of a single protein or a group of proteins with identical electrophoretic mobility, whereas the core is composed of lipid. The possibility that the inclusions are due to an impairment in the mechanism of intracellular lipoprotein transport is discussed.
Primary Gastric T‐cell Lymphoma with Manifold Histologic Appearances
Authors: Kurihara Kenji , Mizuseki Kiyoshi , Ichikawa Mikio , Kohno Hidehisa , Okanoue Toyotake
Published: December 2008

A rare case of malignant T‐cell lymphoma with manifold histologic appearances was described. The lymphoma occurred in the stomach of a 50‐year‐old Japanese male. Grossly, the lymphoma exhibited a deeply ulcerated mass. Histologically, in addition to diffuse infiltrate of large lymphoid cells with deeply indented nuclei, there were many epithelioid cell granulomas, remarkable tissue eosinophilia and stromal fibrosis, mimicking inflammatory disease. Immunohistochemical studies and a gene analysis demonstrated the T‐cell phenotype.
Solid Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Liver A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hamaya Kazuo , Nose Soichiro , Mimura Tetsushige , Sasaki Kiyoshi
Published: December 2008

This is a report of a fatal case of a primary and solid adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the liver in a 58‐yearold Japanese woman. There was no association with biliary cysts. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry support the contention that the neoplasm arose from squamous metaplasia of a mucus‐secreting adenocarcinoma (MSA) of intrahepatic biliary duct epithelium.
Malignant Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis Testis Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kuwabara Hiroko , Uda Hirotsugu , Sakamoto Haruhiko , Sato Akira
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis in a 60‐year‐old man is described. The tumor showed widespread metastasis via the lymphatics, leading to the patient's death five years after diagnosis. A review of 38 previously described cases is also presented. The most frequent presenting symptom was hydrocele. When a hydrocele in association with a paratesticular tumor is present, aspiration cytology should be performed first. In most of the cases with a fatal outcome, the tumors metastasized to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Once the diagnosis has been made, lymphangiography or CT scan should be done immediately.
Are Bunina Bodies of Endoplasmic Reticulum Origin? An Ultrastructural Study of Subthalamic Eosinophilic Inclusions in a Case of Atypical Motor Neuron Disease
Authors: Takahashi Hitoshi , Ohama Eisaku , Ikuta Fusahiro
Published: December 2008

We carried out an electron microscopic study of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in the subthalamic neurons in a case of atypical motor neuron disease. These inclusions were identical in light microscopic morphology and staining characteristics to Bunina bodies. Ultra‐structurally, most of the intracytoplasmic inclusions observed were divisible into two different types (I and II). Type I inclusions had features essentially identical to those of Bunina bodies demonstrated previously in the anterior horn cells in cases of motor neuron disease; they consisted of electron‐dense, granular material without a particular limiting membrane and often contained a number of translucent areas with entrapped cell organelle like structures. Type II inclusions were very similar to structures known as multilaminated bodies; at their margin, they sometimes showed continuity with the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. The remainder of the inclusions were considered to be transitional forms between these two types, and some of them showed the respective features of both types I and II. These findings suggest that Bunina bodies are of endoplasmic reticulum origin. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 889‐894, 1991.
Cytomegalovirus Vasculitis Accompanied by an Exuberant Fibroblastic Reaction in the Intestine of an AIDS Patient
Authors: Shintaku Masayuki , Inoue Noboru , Sasaki Masamichi , Izuno Yoshio , Ueda Yoshihiro , Ikehara Susumu
Published: December 2008

A case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) vasculitis in the intestine of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reported. The distal jejunum and ileum had multiple well‐demarcated mucosal ulcers and microscopic examination revealed an unusual, exuberant fibroblastic proliferation in the ulcer base. Amidst these fibroblasts, there were several small blood vessels of which the endothelial cells contained cytomegalic inclusion bodies. The lesion showed a Kaposi's sarcoma‐like appearance, but spindle cells were negative in immunostaining for factor VIII related antigen or Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1. Although the CMV infection was observed in almost all organs, the exuberant fibroblastic proliferation seen in the intestine was not found in other organs. This lesion might represent a peculiar reaction of the immunologically compromised host to the CMV in the intestinal blood vessels. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 900 904, 1991.
Neuropathology of the Central Nervous System in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Japan
Authors: Funata Nobuaki , Maeda Yoshiharu , Koike Morio , Okeda Riki
Published: December 2008

The neuropathologiesl features of the central nervous system in IS autopsy cases of Japanese male with AIDS were reported. Nine patients had various histological changes including a variety of opportunistic infections in six patients (40%), primary malignant lymphoma of the brain in two (13%), AIDS encephalopathy in four (27%) and vacuolar myelopathy in one (7%). Usually, these pathological changes were present concomitantly. AIDS encephalopathy was characterized by infiltration of mono and multinucleated cells and myelin pallor with astrogliosis located predominantly in the cerebral white matter and subcortical gray matter. Furthermore, unevenly distributed neuronal loss of the cerebral cortex was apparent in one case. Diffuse astrocytosis of the gray matter out of proportion to neuronal loss was also an outstanding finding in another case. The present study suggested that not only the white matter changes but also gray matter alterations might be the morphological substrates of AIDS encephalopathy.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Multinucleated Giant Cells in the Brain of a Japanese AIDS Patient
Authors: Takeya Motohiro , Naito Makoto , Eto Komyo , Takahashi Kiyoshi
Published: December 2008

In an autopsy case of a 35 year old Japanese hemophiliac with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), many multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) were observed throughout the central nervous system. Immunohistochemically, MGCs possessed surface and cytoplasmic macrophage antigens expressed in the late stage of differentiation indicating them to be macrophages in the terminal stage of differentiation. Fine nuclear extensions connecting one nucleus (or lobe) to another were often observed in the MGCs. This feature was interpreted as multilobulation and considered to be a morphological characteristic of MGCs in AIDS encephalopathy. Similarity between MGCs in AIDS encephalopathy and highly lobulated lymphocytes in adult T cell leukemia is discussed.
Method for In Situ Evaluation of Superoxide Production by Pulmonary Macrophages in the Rat
Authors: Mochida Satoshi , Ogata Itsuro , Ohta Yasuhiko , Oka Teruaki , Fujiwara Kenji
Published: December 2008

In order to investigate superoxide production by pulmonary macrophages in the rat, a route was created by ligating both the inferior and superior venae cavae and resecting the aorta after cannulation through the inferior vena cava into the right atrium of the heart. Lung perfusion was performed via this route with nitro blue tetrazolium. Although there was no formazan deposition throughout the lung, it became detectable in both alveolar and interstitial macrophages when phorbol myristate acetate was added to the perfusate. This deposition was markedly enhanced by previous injection of Corynebacterium parvum. The deposition disappeared after further addition of Cu(Lys)2, a scavenger of superoxide anions. This procedure may be useful for estimating in situ the ability of pulmonary macrophages to produce superoxide in the rat.
Development of Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Inada Kiyoshi , Shimokawa Kuniyasu , Ikeda Tsuneko , Hayashi Masatomo , Azuma Shuji
Published: December 2008

The development of hepatic metastases in 344 patients with colorectal carcinoma was examined for correlation with the presence of both venous invasion by the primary tumor and basement membranes in the tumor tissue. The former was detected by Victoria blue and hematoxylin eosin staining and the latter by antilaminin antibody. A significant difference in the incidence of venous invasion was noted between patients with and those without liver metastasis at surgery. Basement membrane deposition was found in half of all cases of well differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was significantly high compared with other tumor types. This was more distinct in metastatic foci in the liver and lymph nodes than in the primary lesion, but less marked in intravascular tumor tissue. Basement membrane deposition was seen more frequently in Dukes’A tumors than in B tumors, although this was not statistically significant. No relationship was found between basement membrane laminin positivity and five‐year survival, nor was there any correlation between the incidence of liver metastasis and tumor histologic type. Venous invasion was considered to be intimately related to the development of liver metastasis. Deposition of laminin‐positive basement membrane was dependent on the grade of tumor differentiation, whereas it had no direct relation to the development of liver metastasis.
Paraffin‐immunohistochemical Analysis of 26 Non‐Hodgkin's Malignant Lymphomas n the Endemic Area of Human T‐cell Leukemia Virus Type 1
Authors: Hasui Kazuhisa
Published: December 2008

A study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of paraffin immunohistochemistry for histopathological classification of non Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (NHML). The phenotypes of lymphoma cells and other cells were examined using 11 monoclonal and 3 polyclonal antibodies by the ABC method on paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of 226 cases of NHML, comprising 94 B cell lymphomas (B ML) and 132 T cell lymphomas (T‐ML). In 219 NHML cases (96.8%), lymphoma cells reacted with more than one of these antibodies. A set of MB 1, Mx pan B, L26, LN 1, LN 2 and antiimmunoglobulin light chain antibodies characterized each subtype of B MLs, categorized according to the Kiel classification. Mantle‐zone lymphoma (MzML) was added as one subtype. L26 stained the largest number of B MLs (82.8%). B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B CLL) was labeled most frequently by MB 1. MzML was characterized by reactivity of lymphoma cells with LN 2 and by the appearance of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain along the cell membrane. Follicle center cell lymphomas were stained by LN 1 and LN 2, although a small number of proliferating cells were labeled by LN 1 in B CLL, MzML and the im‐munocytoma lymphoplasmacytic/cytoid variant. MT 1 and/or UCHL‐1 showed various degrees of reactivity with the cell membranes of lymphoma cells in 94.8% of T‐MLs. Among the T cell pleomorphic lymphomas of Suchi and Lennert, the adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma type, defined by stippled heterochromatin distribution and peculiar huge cells, reacted selectively (p<0.05) with anti phospho‐kinase C antibody. Anaplastic large cell T‐ML reacted with a set of Ber H2, LN 2 and Leu Ml. In T zone lymphomas without hyperplastic follicles, angioimmuno‐blastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia type T‐ML, lymphoepithelioid cell lymphomas and some pleomorphic lymphomas comprising clear large lymphoma cells, there were many intermingling B cells, and their constitution varied. In some lymphoblastic lymphomas of both the T cell and B cell type, phenotypes of T cells and B cells were expressed. Consequently, it was shown that paraffin immunohistochemistry was useful for the practical histopathological diagnosis of NHML even in the area where human T cell leukemia virus type 1 is endemic.
Multiple Pulmonary Hyalinizing Granulomas Associated with Systemic Idiopathic Fibrosis
Authors: Kuramochi Shigeru , Kawai Takeshi , Yakumaru Kazuhiro , Mikata Atsuo , Torikata Chikao , Kasuga Yoshio , Fujiwara Tatsuji
Published: December 2008

A 41 year‐old man with progressive nodular infiltration of the lung of about 2 years’duration died of cardiac and respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed bilateral multiple pulmonary hyalinizing granulomas (PHGs) diagnosed on the basis of the characteristic dense hyaline collagen bundles with nonspecific inflammatory infiltration. Constrictive pericarditis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, mediastinal fibrosis, fibrous thickening of the peritoneal and pleural surfaces, and fibrosis of soft tissue of the neck, flank, and hepatic hilar region were present, therefore, a diagnosis of systemic idiopathic fibrosis was made. The patient had anti thyroglobulin and anti‐thyroid microsomal antibodies and lymphocytic thyroiditis. The inflammatory process of PHG of the present case was active and the clinical course was progressive. PHG seems to be a lesion belonging to the systemic idiopathic fibrosis complex. Immunologic abnormalities may be related to PHG and systemic idiopathic fibrosis.
Ultrastructure of IL2‐stimulated Tumor‐infiltrating Lymphocytes Showing Cytolytic Activity Against Tumor Cells
Authors: Tanaka Hisako , Watanabe Michiko , Zeniya Mikio , Takahashi Hiroki
Published: December 2008

Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) obtained from tumor tissue and pleural effusion of breast carcinoma were cultured with interleukin‐2 (IL2) and thus activated. The ultrastructure of TIL stimulated by IL2 to kill various breast carcinoma cells was then investigated. Freshly isolated TIL cultured with autologous tumor cells for 48 h without IL2 were small, round and showed neither binding to nor killing of tumor cells. TIL stimulated to proliferate by IL2 became effector cells and showed cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, the effector TIL resembled large granular lymphocytes, and adhered to tumor cells through interdigitation or close apposition of the two plasma membranes accompanied by spot‐like close membrane contacts. At the site of each spot‐like contact, there was a 5‐nm intercellular space. The morphology of the TIL processes did not differ from those of LAK and other CTL or NK cell processes during contact, invagination or the killing of target cells. The granules in TIL were considered to participate in the cytotoxic effect. Phenotypically heterogeneous TIL, CD87CD57‐ and CD8+/CD57+, adhered to autologous tumor cells and MCF7 (human breast carcinoma cell line). However, it was unclear which cell or cells acted as the effector for tumor‐cell killing. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 94‐105, 1991.
Dendritic Cells in the Murine Dermis in Delayed‐type Contact Hypersensitivity
Authors: Kuwabara Hiroko , Uda Hirotsugu , Saito Katsuhiro , Maruyama Toshiyuki , Tanaka Sumiko
Published: December 2008

Dendritic cells within the dermis in the later stages of delayed‐type contact hypersensitivity were examined ultra‐structurally and immunohistochemically. The immunohis‐tochemical observations were done using monoclonal antibody Ml 8, which reacts specifically with murine Langer‐hans cells and interdigitating cells. Seventeen hours after challenge, infiltrating cells in the dermis included dendritic cells, possibly so‐called indeterminate cells, monocytoid cells and Langerhans cells. Immunohistochemically, the indeterminate cells and some monocytoid cells were Ml 8 positive. These findings suggest that indeterminate cells are intimately related to Langerhans cells, and that they belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system. Ml‐8 is a very useful marker for studies on the kinetics of Langerhans cells or indeterminate cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 106 112, 1991.
Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma in a Young Woman with a High Serum Level of CA125
Authors: Duan Hui‐Jun , Itoh Nobuo , Yamagami Osamu , Katsuyama Tsutomu , Shigematsu Hidekazu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a young woman who showed a high serum level of CA125 is reported. Autopsy revealed extensive tumor involvement of the visceral and parietal peritoneum. The liver, spleen and other abdominal viscera were encased by tumor nodules. Histologically, the polygonal tumor cells were arranged mostly in a sheet‐like fashion with a few tubular or papillary forms. No PAS reaction‐positive mucin was recognized, but there was a strongly positive colloidal iron reaction. The colloidal iron positivity was effaced after combined treatment with hyaluronidase and sialidase. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells showed strongly positive reactions for CA125, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin, weak positivity for car‐cinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and focal positivity for vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the most characteristic feature was the expression of numerous long microvilli projecting from the tumor cell surfaces and abundant long desmosomes between the tumor cells. We consider that pretreatment using a combination of hyaluronidase and sialidase might be useful for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. CA125 staining should be performed routinely in cases where this tumor is suspected. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 158‐163, 1991.
Monoclonal Antibody Against Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Its Production and Characterization
Authors: Akasaka Yoshikiyo , Fujimoto Junichiro , Harigaya Ken‐ichi , Enomoto Yasuhiro , Watanabe Yonosuke , Hata Jun‐ichi
Published: December 2008

Bone marrow stromal cells play an essential role in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (1,2). As a means of analyzing of the bone marrow microenvironment immunohistochemically, we attempted to produce a rat monoclonal antibody against the murine preadipocyte line HI derived from long‐term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) of C57BL/6 mice (3,4). A newly established monoclonal antibody, designated R4‐A9, was obtained from a hybridoma prepared by fusion of Y.B2/ 3.0Ag20(YO) rat myeloma cells with spleen cells of LEW rats immunized with HI cells. The immunofluorescence of live HI cells showed that the antigen reacting with this antibody was strongly expressed on the cell surface. The specificity of R4‐A9 was assessed immunohistochemically on frozen sections of various tissues from normal adult mice. R4‐A9 demonstrated specificity for hematopoietic stroma in bone marrow and spleen. No staining was observed in thymus, lymph nodes or other tissues examined, with the exception of Leydig cells in the testis and the endothelium of small arteries in several organs. Detailed immunohistochemical observations at both the light microscopy and electron microscopy level showed that R4‐A9 selectively reacted with the sinusoidal endothelium, peri‐sinusoidal adventitial cells (5) (adventitial reticular cells (6)) and intersinusoidal reticular cells (5) and the reticular cells of the splenic red pulp. These findings indicate that reticular cells and the endothelium of the bone marrow possess the common cell surface molecules recognized by R4 A9. SDS‐PAGE analysis showed that R4‐A9‐immuno‐precipitated proteins had a molecular mass of 100 kDa under reducing conditions. These data show that R4‐A9 is highly specific for reticular cells and the endothelium of murine bone marrow and spleen, providing a new approach for detailed structural analysis of the constituents of bone marrow stroma. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 499–506, 1991.
Morphological and Cytogenetic Characterization and N‐myc Oncogene Analysis of a Newly Established Neuroblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Nojima Takayuki , Abe Syuiti , Furuta Yasushi , Nagashima Kazuo , Alam AFM Saiful , Takada Naoyuki , Sasaki Fumiaki , Hata Yoshinobu
Published: December 2008

A permanent cell line established from a xenograft of neuroblastoma which occurred in a 5 year old girl was investigated for its morphological and biological characteristics. The cultured cells were tumorigenic in nude mice. Microscopically, each tumor consisted of small round to polygonal cells with irregular nuclei and prominent nucleoli, corresponding to the features of the primary and xenografted tumor cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed that both the transplanted tumor cells and the cultured cells contained scanty microtubules and dense‐core neurosecretory granules. Chromosome analysis of this cell line showed monosomy for chromosomes 1,10,19 and X, and structural rearrangements involving chromosomes 8, 17 and 20, in addition to numerous double minutes. The N‐myc oncogene was found to be amplified 40 to 80 fold in the transplanted and cultured tumor cells, as well as in the primary tumor cells. In situ hybridization with a digoxigenin labeled uridine‐triphosphate N‐myc RNA probe detected abundant mRNA in the tumor cells. This neuroblastoma line may become a valuable in vitro experimental model system for studies aimed at better characterization of neuroblastoma. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 507 515, 1991.
Giant Cell Fibroblastoma: A Case Report and lmmunohistochemical Comparison with Ten Cases of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Authors: Kanai Yae , Mukai Makio , Sugiura Hitoshi , Tanaka Yoichi , Mukai Kiyoshi , Ukiyama Etsushi , Yokoyama Jotaro , Iri Hisami , Hosoda Yasuhiro
Published: December 2008

A 7 year old boy with giant cell fibroblastoma (GCF) of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the right chest wall is described. To date, the histogenesis of GCF has not been clarified. The reason for the diversity of immunohistochemical data among various authors may be because the specimens studied were from only part of the lesion, or reduction of antigenicity through the preparation process. However, our findings based on studies of many specimens from various parts of the tumor for accurate immunohistochemical evaluation suggest that GCF may be a myofibro histiocytic tumor. Recently, the suggestion that GCF is a juvenile form of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) has been reported. In addition to the present case, we performed immunohistochemical examination of 10cases of definitely diagnosed DFSP for comparison. The immunohistochemical characteristics of these two neoplasms were concordant. However, from clinical and morphological viewpoints, it seems premature to recognize GCF as a juvenile form of DFSP. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 552–560, 1991.