bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embodied national history: leaders, regime change, and regional historiographical trends of independent Cambodia
Authors: Thun Theara
Published: October 2024

Post-independence national historical writings have often been seen as a product of nationalist advocacy and modern nation-state formation. Moving beyond this perspective, this article considers how political leaders took a direct role in promoting different kinds and forms of collective historical thoughts to strengthen their leadership. Specifically, the article explores an active engagement of independent Cambodia's leaders such as Prince Sihanouk, Lon Nol, and Pol Pot, who independently saw national historical understanding as one's own monopolized source of power. It also discusses how different historical accounts in the country were shaped by, and kept up with, other important factors such as Cold War confrontations and regional and global historiographical trends, including “Modernist” and “Marxist” approaches. Discussing these factors helps us understand more critically national historical accounts, which were closely intertwined with specific socioreligious and political circumstances such as political rule and legitimacy, widespread public anxieties, and geopolitical tensions. It also sheds light on the substantial impact of state-imposed historical interpretations on society. As informed by the Cambodian case, this impact can be seen in the implementation of state projects stirred by certain kinds of historical understanding which consequently transformed the living conditions of thousands of people.
Ratgeber Somatoforme Beschwerden und Krankheitsängste
Authors: Rauh Elisabeth , Rief Winfried
Published: October 2024

Die meisten Menschen kennen körperliche Beschwerden, wie z.B. Kopf- oder Rückenschmerzen, Schwindelgefühle, Blähungen oder Übelkeit und sind erleichtert, wenn diese nach wenigen Tagen wieder verschwunden sind. Was aber, wenn die Beschwerden nicht vergehen, sie nicht eindeutig erklärbar sind und sie zu massiven Beeinträchtigungen führen, wie dies bei somatoformen Beschwerden der Fall ist?
Somatoforme Beschwerden werden von den Betroffenen meist als sehr belastend erlebt und führen häufig zu erheblichen Einschränkungen im Berufsleben, in der Familie und in der Freizeitgestaltung. Die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen ist dadurch erheblich beeinträchtigt, nicht zuletzt auch durch die mit der Störung verbundenen Krankheitsängste. Diese wiederum beeinflussen das Krankheitsverhalten erheblich. Die Neuauflage des Ratgebers versucht, häufig gestellte Fragen von Menschen mit einer somatoformen Störung zu beantworten. Der Ratgeber spricht auch die Irritation vieler Betroffener an, die über körperliche Beschwerden klagen, jedoch die Empfehlung erhalten, eine Psychotherapeutin bzw. einen Psychotherapeuten aufzusuchen. Der Ratgeber informiert über verschiedene Behandlungsangebote und gibt zahlreiche Empfehlungen für den Umgang mit somatoformen Beschwerden und hypochondrischen Ängsten. Er erläutert, was die Beschwerden chronisch werden lässt und wie Betroffene lernen können, ihren Alltag trotz der Beeinträchtigungen positiv zu gestalten.
Modeling Ocean Heat Transport to the Grounding Lines of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler Glaciers, West Antarctica
Authors: Dinh Andy , Rignot Eric , Mazloff Matthew , Fenty Ian
Published: October 2024

Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers in the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE) sector of West Antarctica experience rapid mass loss and grounding line retreat due to enhanced ocean thermal forcing from Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) reaching the grounding lines. We use simulated Lagrangian particles advected with a looping 1 year output from the Southern Ocean high‐resolution model to backtrack the transport and cooling of CDW to these glaciers. For the simulated year 2005–2006, we find that the median time needed to reach the grounding lines from the edge of the ASE is 3 years. In addition, the Antarctic Coastal Current contributes an equal number of particles as off‐shelf sources to the grounding lines of Pine Island and Thwaites. For CDW coming from off‐shelf, results from SOhi indicate that 25%–66% of the cooling occurs within ice shelf cavities.
Comprehensive Pattern of the Ionospheric Troughs Localization in the Winter Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Karpachev A. T.
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive pattern of localization of ionization troughs has been constructed for all local time hours. It includes high‐latitude troughs (HLT), main (or sub‐auroral) troughs (MIT), mid‐latitude ring ionospheric troughs (RIT), low‐latitude troughs (LLT), and quasi‐troughs. The CHAMP satellite data recorded in the southern hemisphere for quiet geomagnetic conditions under high solar activity were used. The separation of HLT and MIT was based on the model of auroral diffuse precipitation (Vorobjev et al., 2013). This model describes zone I of diffuse precipitation at the equatorward edge of the auroral oval and zone II of diffuse precipitation at its poleward edge. To distinguish between MIT and RIT the dynamics of both troughs during geomagnetic disturbances was examined. Because the position of all ionospheric structures, including the auroral oval, depends on longitude, the analysis in each local time sector was conducted within the framework of the longitudinal effect. Each local time sector exhibits specificity. (a) The noon sunlit ionosphere is strongly influenced by the dayside cusp; MIT occurs only at shadow longitudes. (b) In the daytime, strong plasma peaks are observed at latitudes of diffuse precipitation in zone I. (c) In the afternoon/evening sector, the plasma peaks are often observed equatorward of the auroral oval. Both peaks are sometimes accompanied by a quasi‐trough. (d) In the evening, HLT sometimes appears slightly equatorward of auroral oval. (e) In the nighttime, at longitudes of America and the Atlantic, a wide electron density minimum is formed near the Polar circle, which masks the MIT minimum.
The activating receptor NKG2D is an anti-fungal pattern recognition receptor
Authors: Charpak-Amikam Yoav , Kournos Mark , Kotzur Rebecca , Isaacson Batya , Bagad Brenner Tal , Gomez-Cesar Elidet , Abou-Kandil Ammar , Ben-Ami Ronen , Korem Maya , Guerra Nadia , Osherov Nir , Mandelboim Ofer
Published: October 2024

NKG2D is a central activating receptor involved in target recognition and killing by Natural Killer and CD8+ T cells. The known role of NKG2D is to recognize a family of self-induced stress ligands that are upregulated on stressed cells such as cancerous or virally infected cells. Fungal pathogens are a major threat to human health, infecting more than a billion patients yearly and becoming more common and drug resistant. Here we show that NKG2D plays a critical role in the immune response against fungal infections. NKG2D can recognize fungal pathogens from most major families including Candida, Cryptococcus and Aspergillus species, and mice lacking NKG2D are extremely sensitive to fungal infections in models of both invasive and mucosal infections, making NKG2D an anti-fungal pattern recognition receptor.
Mice monitor their timing errors
Authors: Öztel Tutku , Balcı Fuat
Published: October 2024

Animals often engage in representationally guided goal-directed behaviors. These behaviors are thus also subjected to representational uncertainty (e.g. timing uncertainty during waiting), which has been previously shown to adaptively guide behaviors normatively. These observations raise the question of whether non-human animals can track the direction and magnitude of their timing errors (i.e. temporal error monitoring). Only a few studies have investigated this question without addressing the key components of temporal error monitoring (e.g. due to differential reinforcement of metacognitive judgments and primary task representation). We conducted the critical test of temporal error monitoring in mice by developing a novel behavioral task that involved temporal production that exponentially favored temporal accuracy and minimized the contribution of sensorimotor noise. The response rate for an upcoming probabilistic reward following the timing performance was used as a proxy for confidence. We found that mice exhibited high reward expectancy after accurate and low reward expectancy after inaccurate timing performance. The reward expectancy decreased as a function of deviations from the target interval for the short and long reproductions; pointing to the symmetrical sensitivity of metacognition to shorter/longer than target responses. These findings suggest a complete temporal error monitoring ability for mice with human-like metacognitive features.
Antidepressant effects of sulforaphane (SFN) and its derivatives SLL-III-9 and SLL-III-120 and their potential underlying mechanisms based on the microbiota–gut–brain axis
Authors: Chen Lili , Cao Huihui , Zhang Xin , Du Xintong , Guan Yang , Li Mei , Chang Alan K. , He Xianran , Li Xiaolong , Bi Xiuli
Published: October 2024

SFN and its derivatives regulate the gut microbiota and intestinal tight junction proteins in CUMS mice, and inhibit the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway to control the concentration of inflammatory factors and neurotransmitters to combat neuroinflammation.
Analysis of synthetic route and case correlation of methamphetamine crystals seized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and Pearson correlation coefficient method
Authors: Liu Shan , Chen Yuemeng , Wang Fang , Bai Song , Wu JingJie
Published: October 2024

Analysis of synthetic route and case correlation of methamphetamine crystals seized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Pearson correlation coefficient method.
Boron–pyridine nitrogen cooperative catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide and epoxides to cyclic carbonates
Authors: Luo Yu-Hui , Tao Sheng , Chen Fei , Du Zhi-Hong , Zhang Hao , Li Min , Liu Ning
Published: October 2024

A type of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-diboron adduct in combination with tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) was used as a catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 with epoxides.
Aronia melanocarpa extract extends the lifespan and health-span of Caenorhabditis elegans via mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhu Zhigang , Wei Wenjing , Liu Zekun , Zhou Huiji , Gong Yueling , Yan Xinlei , Du Jun , Li Houkai , Chen Liang , Sheng Lili
Published: October 2024

Aronia melanocarpa (AM) was shown to promote the lifespan and health-span of C. elegans via the PMK-1 pathway, highlighting the potential of AM as a dietary supplement for delaying aging.
Lactobacillus plantarum 69-2 combined with α-lactalbumin hydrolysate alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis through the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway and the gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Ma Yue , Hu Chuanbing , Zhang Jing , Xu Cong , Ma Lizhi , Chang Yunhe , Hussain Muhammad Altaf , Ma Jiage , Hou Juncai , Jiang Zhanmei
Published: October 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease, seriously affects people's quality of life.
Synthesis of a mixed-linker Ce-UiO-67 metal–organic framework
Authors: Finelli V. , Mastronardi G. , Porcaro N. G. , Signorile M. , Bonino F. , Szilágyi P. Á. , Bordiga S.
Published: October 2024

A combined use of structural, textural and spectroscopic techniques serve as a photographic lens to gain insights into the mixed-linker Ce-UiO-67 MOFs that we have successfully synthesised.
Continuous flow synthesis of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) analogues with therapeutic potential
Authors: Simoens Andreas , Dejaegere Andreas , Vandevelde Marthe , Stevens Christian V.
Published: October 2024

Flow chemistry allows for the rapid and clean synthesis of therapeutically relevant tryptamines in good yields, including the large scale drug rizatriptan.
Titanium dioxide functionalized silicon carbide phases as heterogeneous epoxidation catalysts
Authors: Gonçalves Léa , Gimello Olinda , Bouchmella Karim , Hesemann Peter , Alauzun Johan G.
Published: October 2024

We report silicon carbide (SiC) based epoxidation catalysts constituted of a silicon carbide core and a silica/titania (SiO2/TiO2) shell.
Machine-learning-guided quantitative delineation of cell morphological features and responses to nanomaterials
Authors: Kenry
Published: October 2024

This work shows the integration of machine learning with label-free phase-contrast or brightfield microscopy imaging to quantitatively delineate multiple cell types, phenotypes, and states for monitoring live cell responses to external stimuli.
Maleic anhydride derivatives as catalysts for N-oxidation of pyridine using hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Gajeles Ghellyn , Lee Kyung-Koo , Lee Sang Hee
Published: October 2024

The anhydride–diacid equilibrium is crucial for the catalytic cycle of maleic anhydride derivatives in N-oxidation of pyridine derivatives with H2O2. This catalytic system can replace stoichiometric peracids, such as m-CPBA, as oxidants.
Morphological and molecular control of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerized polythiophene thin films
Authors: Smith Phil M. , Su Laisuo , Xu Yanfei , Reeja-Jayan B. , Shen Sheng
Published: October 2024

The effect of oCVD polythiophene coating on the electrochemical performance of LiCoO2 cathode in lithium-ion batteries.
Controlled degradation of chemically stable poly(aryl ethers) via directing group-assisted catalysis
Authors: Ogawa Satoshi , Morita Hiroki , Hsu Yu-I. , Uyama Hiroshi , Tobisu Mamoru
Published: October 2024

The poly(aryl ether) derivatives with built-in recyclability is developed by integrating directing group.
Fully tricoordinated assembly unveils a pioneering nonlinear optical crystal (SbTeO3)(NO3)
Authors: Zhang Bo , Hu Chun-Li , Mao Jiang-Gao , Kong Fang
Published: October 2024

Fully tricoordinated assembly yields the first tellurite-antimonite NLO crystal, (SbTeO3)(NO3), exhibiting well-balanced properties: a strong SHG effect (2.2 × KDP), short UV cutoff edge (253 nm) and moderate birefringence (0.081@546 nm).
Regioisomers containing triarylboron-based motifs as multi-functional photoluminescent materials: from dual-mode delayed emission to pH-switchable room-temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Arumugam Ramar , Muhammed Munthasir Akkarakkaran Thayyil , Kannan Ramkumar , Banerjee Dipanjan , Sudhakar Pagidi , Soma Venugopal Rao , Thilagar Pakkirisamy , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: October 2024

Triarylboron compounds have been established as promising candidates in optoelectronic applications.
Novel, facile, and scalable synthesis of magnesium based adsorbents via the freeze-drying technique for CO2 capture
Authors: Agarwal Ashutosh , Thenuwara Hashan Nuwantha , Wu Ping
Published: October 2024

Physico-chemical sorption of CO2 over leaf-flake structures obtained via the freeze drying technique.
Optimal film thickness and Sn oxidation state of sputter-deposited SnO2 electron transport layers for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Suh Woo Seok , Park Geon Ho , Jung Song Hyeun , Lee Yu-Na , Kim Hui-Seon , Pan Jia-Hong , Lee Wan In
Published: October 2024

15 nm-thick SnO2 films containing ∼14% Sn2+ exhibit optimum performance as an ETL for PSC devices.
Solar light-assisted electrochemical CO2 reduction on a boron-doped diamond cathode
Authors: Iwai Goki , Fiorani Andrea , Terashima Chiaki , Einaga Yasuaki
Published: October 2024

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation with a hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoanode and electrochemical CO2 reduction with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) cathode were combined to convert CO2 into formic acid under 1 sun AM 1.5 simulated solar light irradiation.
Heterobimetallic Ta–Nb MOF offering moderate Lewis/Brønsted acidity expedites glucose isomerization to fructose under microwave conditions
Authors: Mahala Sangeeta , Devi Bhawana , Cheviri Meera , Arumugam Senthil Murugan , Arumugam Balamurugan , Potturaja Lakshmanan , Bakthavachalam Vishnu , Roy Joy K. , Elumalai Sasikumar
Published: October 2024

The heterobimetallic MOF with anchored sulfonic acid groups (functioning as a bridge between Ta and Nb metal nodes) enables rapid and augmented glucose isomerization to fructose for bioenergy development.
Development of a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model for poly(dimethyl-co-diphenyl)siloxane
Authors: Xian Weikang , Maiti Amitesh , Saab Andrew P. , Li Ying
Published: October 2024

Polydimethylsiloxane and its copolymer systems have a wide range of application. We systematically develop a coarse-grained MD model for PDMS-co-PDPS system. The model preserves the structural and dynamic properties of the material quantitatively.
Non-aqueous direct leaching using a reusable nickel-selective amic-acid extractant for efficient lithium-ion battery recycling
Authors: Matsui Takejiro , Hanada Takafumi , Goto Masahiro
Published: October 2024

A nickel-selective amic-acid extractant D2EHAG efficiently leaches and separates metals from LiB cathode materials. Furthermore, D2EHAG can be reused for subsequent leaching, making it a promising candidate for a sustainable recycling process.
Ultra-durable high-performance CoMo-MCA/Fe-NWs/NF heterostructures for industrial-grade current density seawater splitting
Authors: Meena Abhishek , Jana Atanu , Shin Giho , Singh Aditya Narayan , Jang Jae-Won , Im Hyunsik , Cho Sangeun
Published: October 2024

The CoMo-MCA/Fe-NWs heterostructure on nickel foam exhibits excellent OER performance with low overpotentials and high durability in alkaline seawater, showcasing its promise for industrial-scale hydrogen production application.
Oxygen vacancy modulation of nanolayer TiOx to improve hole-selective passivating contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Wang Yanhao , Guo Zhaoyang , Li Yongchang , Black Lachlan E. , MacDonald Daniel H. , Bao Shaojuan , Wang Jilei , Zhang Yongzhe , Zhang Shan-Ting , Li Dongdong
Published: October 2024

An ultrathin TiOx film is used as a passivation interlayer in hole-selective contacts for silicon solar cells. Modulating oxygen vacancies in TiOx enhances field-effect passivation and reduces contact resistivity, thereby improving hole selectivity.
3D soft lithiophilic current collector of Ag-CuNW/MWCNT@melamine foam enables dendrite-free lithium metal anodes
Authors: Xiang Song-Bai , Zhang Xiyu , Hou Yue , Li Wenjing , Yin Chengri , Yin Zhenxing
Published: October 2024

A 3D soft current collector with excellent lithiophilicity was obtained by constructing a conductive Ag-CuNW/MWCNT network on a melamine foam, which can effectively reduce the local current density and guide the uniform Li deposition.
A special collection honoring Professor Thom Palstra, an exceptional scientist, leader and mentor
Authors: Iwasa Yoshihiro , Maris Gabriela , Noheda Beatriz , Zandvliet Harold J. W. , Jurchescu Oana D.
Published: October 2024

A special collection in honor of Professor Thom Palstra on the occasion of his retirement.
Empatica E4 Assessment of Child Physiological Measures of Listening Effort During Remote and In-Person Communication
Authors: Kondaurova Maria V. , Smith Alan , Mishra Ruchik , Zheng Qi , Kondaurova Irina , Francis Alexander L. , Sallee Emily
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Telepractice is a growing service model that delivers aural rehabilitation to deaf and hard-of hearing children via telecommunications technology. Despite known benefits of telepractice, this delivery approach may increase patients' listening effort (LE) characterized as an allocation of cognitive resources toward an auditory task. The study tested techniques for collecting physiological measures of LE in normal-hearing (NH) children during remote (referred to as tele-) and in-person communication using the wearable Empatica E4 wristband.

Method:

Participants were 10 children (age range: 9–12 years old) who came to two tele- and two in-person weekly sessions, order counterbalanced. During each session, the children heard a short passage read by the clinical provider, completed an auditory passage comprehension task, and self-rated their effort as a part of the larger study. Measures of electrodermal activity and blood volume pulse amplitude were collected from the child E4 wristband.

Results:

No differences in child subjective, physiological measures of LE or passage comprehension scores were found between in-person sessions and telesessions. However, an effect of treatment duration on subjective and physiological measures of LE was identified. Children self-reported a significant increase in LE over time. However, their physiological measures demonstrated a trend indicating a decrease in LE. A significant association between subjective measures and the passage comprehension task was found suggesting that those children who reported more effort demonstrated a higher proportion of correct responses.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrated the feasibility of collection of physiological measures of LE in NH children during remote and in-person communication using the E4 wristband. The results suggest that measures of LE are multidimensional and may reflect different sources of, or cognitive responses to, increased listening demand.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27122064
Audiometric Profiles Across a Clinical Population of Children With Hyperacusis
Authors: Jahn Kelly N. , Wiegand-Shahani Braden M. , Lobarinas Edward
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Hyperacusis (sound sensitivity) is well documented among adults, but little is known about hyperacusis in children. Here, we assess relationships among the presence of hyperacusis, audiometric profiles, and nonauditory factors in a pediatric clinical population.

Method:

A retrospective review of clinical records from 329 children, ages 2–17 years, was performed to assess the prevalence of hyperacusis and correlations among hearing status, behavioral or communication concerns, and the presence of hyperacusis.

Results:

In 329 study participants, 18% reported hyperacusis (58% male and 42% female). No significant sex or age differences were found. Hyperacusis was more likely to occur alongside normal hearing or with unilateral hearing loss relative to bilateral hearing loss. Among children with hyperacusis, there was a high prevalence of audiovestibular problems, mental health concerns, speech and language delays, difficulty in school, and behavioral problems. Tinnitus was also found to be comorbid with hyperacusis, but the comorbidity was less than that reported in adults.

Conclusions:

This study identified common hearing profiles and critical comorbidities in a large clinical cohort of children with hyperacusis. These results demonstrate the urgent need for standardized multidisciplinary assessment and treatment protocols for pediatric hyperacusis.
Word Learning in Bilingual Children at Risk for Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Kan Pui Fong
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to compare the novel word learning skills between Cantonese–English bilingual children at risk for developmental language disorder (DLD) and their typically developing (TD) peers.

Method:

Participants were 24 Cantonese–English bilingual preschool children at risk for DLD and 38 TD children. Each participant was presented with eight novel words in Cantonese (first language [L1]) and eight in English (second language [L2]) over eight weekly sessions. Children's existing lexical knowledge was measured using the moving-average number of different words in language samples in L1 and L2.

Results:

Bilingual children at risk for DLD were scored lower than their TD peers for both languages over time. The role of lexical knowledge in children's word learning differed between the TD and DLD groups: Lexical knowledge in L1 was a predictor of L1 word learning in TD children, while lexical knowledge in L2 predicted L2 word learning in children at risk for DLD. In addition, significant cross-linguistic effects were found from L2 to L1 for both groups.

Conclusions:

This study underscores the complexity of novel word learning in bilingual children at risk for DLD. Clinically, these findings suggest the value of tracking learning trajectories in bilingual children across both languages.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Assessment for Children on the Autism Spectrum: Protocol Development and Content Validation
Authors: Lund Shelley K. , Quach Wendy , Weissling Kristy , McKelvey Miechelle
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Previous research has shown that many speech-language pathologists (SLPs) lack confidence in conducting augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluations. The AAC Clinical Assessment Project team developed a protocol to help guide SLPs to complete AAC assessments for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This article describes the creation and content validation of the protocol.

Method:

Two studies were conducted. The first study developed the content of the protocol using information from previous research, observation of two AAC clinical specialists, and interviews with these specialists. In the second study, five specialists in AAC and ASD provided content validation by rating the appropriateness of each item in the protocol. Advisory group meetings were held with the specialists to discuss how to edit the protocol based on the survey results.

Results:

The final protocol contains a description of each area to be assessed, a rationale for assessing it, and suggested methods to conduct the assessment.

Conclusions:

The final version of the protocol has excellent content validity. Future research will evaluate the feasibility of using the protocol in clinical practice and whether using the protocol improves the clinical decision making of SLPs when planning AAC assessments.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27156207
Novel design method for cascade control structure of electric drives: Closed‐form expressions for control gains via pole placement
Authors: Budai Csaba , Tóth‐Katona Tamás , Stumpf Péter
Published: October 2024

Cascade control structures with inner current and outer speed loop, usually utilizing PI controllers, are widely used for electrical drives to meet high‐quality requirements. The present paper introduces design guidelines via pole placement for achieving control gains both in continuous and discrete time preserving the original cascade control structure with the initially applied controllers. This paper also presents an additional prefilter design to eliminate the undesirable effect of the reference integrals. The paper presents closed‐form expressions for the control gains as the function of desired damping ratios, the natural angular frequency of the control loop, and machine parameters to achieve the desired system dynamics. The proposed design methodology is demonstrated on brushed DC and permanent magnet synchronous machines.
StackGuard+$\text{StackGuard}^+$: Interoperable alternative to canary‐based protection of stack smashing
Authors: Kim Kangmin , Kim Jeong‐Nyeo , Lee Seungkwang
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a novel software‐based approach to enhancing stack smashing protection in C/C++ applications, specifically targeting return‐oriented programming attacks, which remain a significant threat to firmware and software security. Traditional canary‐based protections are vulnerable to brute‐force and format string attacks. Additionally, many stack protection mechanisms require access to the source code or recompilation, complicating the security of existing binaries. This paper proposes a new method, aptly named , that modifies the canary‐based protection mechanism by altering the code responsible for canary insertion and verification. This change ensures the integrity of the return address while maintaining the original code size, allowing for seamless interoperability without the need for recompilation or additional hardware. The approach can be automated using a Python script, which modifies existing canary‐based binaries with only 26 bytes of machine code on the 86‐64 platform. Moreover, this approach can be easily adapted to other platforms, including 86 and ARM64.
Wideband beam domain sparse Bayesian learning passive focusing localisation algorithm
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Hong , Ma Qiming , Du Shuanping
Published: October 2024

To address the challenges of large‐aperture sonar systems passive localisation, this paper proposes the application of sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) for passive target localisation in the wideband beam domain. The proposed algorithm aims to overcome the issues of massive computational requirements for two‐dimensional SBL scanning and increased localisation errors due to interference energy leakage. The wideband beam domain SBL focusing localisation algorithm is developed by constructing an azimuth‐range two‐dimensional transformation matrix to preprocess array data, which effectively reduces the computational load of SBL processing while suppressing strong interference energy leakage in passive sonar operating environments, thus improving the range resolution and parameter estimation accuracy of focusing localisation. Simulation and sea trial data analyses demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, with results indicating its superior performance compared to existing algorithms.
Comprehensive transcriptome and scRNA‐seq analyses uncover the expression and underlying mechanism of SYNJ2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yuan‐Ping , Huang Zhi‐Guang , Luo Jia‐Yuan , He Juan , Shi Lin , Chen Gang , Chen Si‐Yuan , Deng Yu‐Wen , Yang Yi‐Jia , Tang Yi‐Jun , Pang Yu‐Yan
Published: October 2024

Synaptojanin 2 (SYNJ2) has crucial role in various tumors, but its role in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unexplored. This study first detected SYNJ2 protein expression in PTC using immunohistochemistry method and further assessed SYNJ2 mRNA expression through mRNA chip and RNA sequencing data and its association with clinical characteristics. Additionally, KEGG, GSVA, and GSEA analyses were conducted to investigate potential biological functions, while single‐cell RNA sequencing data were used to explore SYNJ2's underlying mechanisms in PTC. Meanwhile, immune infiltration status in different SYNJ2 expression groups were analyzed. Besides, we investigated the immune checkpoint gene expression and implemented drug sensitivity analysis. Results indicated that SYNJ2 is highly expressed in PTC (SMD = 0.66 [95% CI: 0.17–1.15]) and could distinguish between PTC and non‐PTC tissues (AUC = 0.74 [0.70–0.78]). Furthermore, the study identified 134 intersecting genes of DEGs and CEGs, mainly enriched in the angiogenesis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways. Subsequent analysis showed the above pathways were activated in PTC epithelial cells. PTC patients with high SYNJ2 expression showed higher sensitivity to the six common drugs. Summarily, SYNJ2 may promote PTC progression through angiogenesis and EMT pathways. High SYNJ2 expression is associated with better response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
Pflegende Eltern stärken – Elternarbeit
Authors: Weyrich Renate , Pointner Tanja
Published: October 2024

Die Pflege eines Kindes mit einer Behinderung oder einer chronischen Erkrankung stellt für Angehörige eine große Aufgabe dar. Nicht selten müssen sie ihre eigene Gesundheit und ihre eigenen Bedürfnisse hintanstellen. Renate Weyrich und Tanja Pointner bieten „(self)care & empowerment“-Kurse an, um betroffene Familien zu unterstützen.
Erfahrungen wissenschaftlich belegen – Ambulante Ergotherapie bei Depressionen
Authors: Jäger Maximilian
Published: October 2024

Die Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit ambulanter Ergotherapie bei Depressionen ist aktuell begrenzt. Mitarbeitende der Ergotherapie Praxis „Rhenus Ergo und Reha GmbH“ nahmen eine Diskrepanz zwischen der aktuellen Studienlage und ihren persönlichen Erfahrungen wahr. Daraus entstand der Wunsch, eine eigene Forschung in ihrer Praxis durchzuführen.
Die Rechtsfrage: Wie rechne ich beauftragte Diagnostik ab?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: October 2024

Man hört immer wieder, dass Ergotherapiepraxen Diagnostik im Auftrag von Psycholog*innen durchführen, was eigentlich nicht zulässig ist. Wenn also Ergos den Test durchgeführt haben, wer hat dann offiziell die Diagnose gestellt und wie wird das abgerechnet?

Therapeutin aus Sachsen
Den Alltag ermöglichen – Ergotherapie bei Long Covid
Authors: Bilgen Zehra
Published: October 2024

Seit der Pandemie gehört Long Covid zu den Herausforderungen in der ambulanten Ergotherapie. Zehra Bilgen nahm dies zum Anlass, um einen Therapieleitfaden zu erstellen. Darin beschreibt sie, wie sie den ergotherapeutischen Prozess nach dem Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF) strukturiert, und sie gibt nützliche Tipps für die Intervention.
Kommunikation als Schlüsselfaktor – Refresher: Kommunikative Kompetenz
Authors: Blumenrode Stefan
Published: October 2024

In der psychiatrischen Arbeit ist Kommunikation das Hauptwerkzeug, um eine vertrauensvolle und unterstützende Beziehung zu den Klient*innen aufzubauen. Dabei ist es wichtig, eine wertschätzende Sprache zu verwenden, die die Würde und Autonomie der Klient*innen respektiert, ihren individuellen Bedürfnissen und Erfahrungen gerecht wird und somit die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung fördert.
UV-Schutz bei sportlicher Aktivität im Freien
Authors: Fieber Vera , Weigmann-Faßbender Sandra , Stölzel Friederike , Breitbart Eckhard W. , Hofbauer Christine , Beck Heidrun , Bornhäuser Martin , Knauthe Nadja
Published: October 2024

Im Frühjahr und Sommer verlagern viele Menschen das Training nach draußen.
Frische Luft stärkt das Immunsystem, Sonnenstrahlen spenden Wärme und
Lebenskraft. Die UV-Strahlung der Sonne schädigt jedoch auch das Erbgut der
Hautzellen und kann so Sonnenbrand verursachen. Durch die Schädigung des Erbguts
steigt außerdem das Hautkrebsrisiko. Klimawandelbedingt wird die Bedeutung der
Prävention von Hautkrebs in den kommenden Jahren noch weiter zunehmen. Bei
körperlicher Aktivität im Freien ist deshalb der richtige UV-Schutz wichtig –
beim Sportunterricht ebenso wie im Breiten- und Leistungssport oder bei
bewegungstherapeutischen Interventionen. Die Mittagsstunden im Schatten
verbringen, schützende Kleidung sowie Sonnenbrille und Kopfbedeckung tragen und
Sonnenschutzmittel verwenden – diese Maßnahmen werden bereits ab einem mittleren
UV-Index von 3 bis 5 empfohlen. In Deutschland sind diese Maßnahmen regelmäßig
von April bis September notwendig. Eine vollständige Vermeidung der UV-Strahlung
ist nicht möglich und aufgrund der gesundheitsfördernden Wirkung bei einer
angemessenen Dosis auch nicht wünschenswert. Um das Risiko von zu viel
UV-Strahlung zu reduzieren, können Sportlehrer*innen, -therapeut*innen,
-mediziner*innen und Trainer*innen für das Thema UV-Schutz sensibilisieren sowie
für sich und Sporttreibende schützende Trainings- und Wettkampfbedingungen
schaffen. Für die Praxis gibt es im Rahmen der Kampagne CLEVER IN SONNE UND
SCHATTEN für Sportvereine und Sportbetonte Schulen die kostenfreien Materialien
der „Clever in Sonne und Schatten“-Programme des Nationalen Centrums für
Tumorerkrankungen Dresden (NCT/UCC) und der Deutschen Krebshilfe. Empfehlungen
zum UV-Schutz speziell für Patient*innen mit einer onkologischen Erkrankung
finden sich im kostenfreien Material „Aktiv leben mit Krebs“. Um auch die
individuelle Beratung von Sporttreibenden zum UV-Schutz und zur Prävention von
Hautkrebs zu fördern, planen die Autor*innen die Entwicklung von Materialien für
eine UV-Schutz-Beratung im Rahmen von Sportgesundheitsuntersuchungen.
Hämaturie
Authors: Liebmann Nora , Dittrich Katalin
Published: October 2024

Blut im Urin ist sowohl für unsere kleinen Patient:innen als auch deren Eltern häufig besorgniserregend. Meist verbirgt sich hinter einer Hämaturie jedoch eine harmlose und leicht zu behandelnde Erkrankung. Für Kinderärzt:innen besteht die Herausforderung darin, diejenigen Patient:innen zu identifizieren, die einer sofortigen Intervention unterzogen werden müssen. Dieser Artikel soll eine Übersicht über die vielfältigen Hämaturieursachen geben und Möglichkeiten aufzeigen, wesentliche Differenzialdiagnosen mittels klinischer Untersuchung, Urindiagnostik und Sonografie voneinander abzugrenzen. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels soll das klinische Vorgehen exemplarisch dargestellt werden.
Proteinurie in der Pädiatrie – Diagnostik und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Marczak Emilia , Hempel Olga , Ziegelasch Niels , Dittrich Katalin
Published: October 2024

Proteinurie ist einer der häufigen Befunde bei pädiatrischen Patienten. Vielfach handelt es sich um einen vorübergehenden, harmlosen Zustand, der durch Fieber oder körperliche Anstrengung verursacht wird. Eine anhaltende oder ausgeprägte Proteinurie muss jedoch zügig weiter abgeklärt werden, da dies ein frühes Anzeichen einer relevanten Nierenschädigung sein kann. Zudem wird die Proteinurie als Progressionsfaktor und starker Prädiktor für das Fortschreiten von Nierenerkrankungen gewertet. Bereits die chronische Ausscheidung geringer Proteinmengen ist nachweislich mit einem erhöhten Risiko für terminales Nierenversagen verbunden. Erfreulicherweise kann das Ausmaß der glomerulären Proteinurie – unabhängig von ihrer Genese – medikamentös beeinflusst werden. Studien haben bestätigt, dass sogar bei genetisch bedingten Nierenerkrankungen mit Proteinurie der Verlust der Nierenfunktion allein durch Reduktion der Proteinausscheidung signifikant verlangsamt werden kann. Daher ist die frühe Identifizierung von Patienten mit Proteinurie bereits im Kindesalter von großer Relevanz.
Pd/IHept-Catalyzed Regioselective Annulation of 2-Fluoroallyl Carbonates with Enaminones: Synthesis of Fully Substituted Pyrroles
Authors: Lv Leiyang , Li Zhiping , Qian Huijun , Liu Wenhao , Su Junqi , Shi Zhengjun , Hu Meng-Yang
Published: October 2024

The Pd/IHept-catalyzed regioselective annulation of 2-fluoroallyl carbonates with enaminones has been developed. This method allows the efficient synthesis of a variety of fully substituted pyrroles with high regioselectivity. Experimental data demonstrate that the fluorinated alkene intermediate is initially formed, which then undergoes C–F cleavage/annulation to give the pyrrole products. Furthermore, it is evident that both the substitution and annulation steps necessitate the participation of the Pd/IHept catalyst.
Safety Clearance and Artifact Testing of a Nitinol Breast Biopsy Clip in an Ultra-High Resolution (7 Tesla) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Environment
Authors: Dong William , Ramchandran Kanchna , Galloy Adam E. , Nino Marco A. , Kleingartner Marla , Piaszynski John , Raghavan Madhavan L. , Phadke Sneha , Magnotta Vincent A.
Published: October 2024

Background The lack of safety clearance of several metallic breast biopsy clips in 7 Tesla (T) poses a significant hurdle to using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in clinical management or cancer research.

Aims This article assesses the Ultracor Twirl clip for safety and imaging artifacts in a 7T MRI scanner.

Setting and Design This study can be categorized as a phantom study.

Materials and Methods Tests for magnetic susceptibility (translational attraction and torque), MRI-related heating, and artifacts were conducted based on the American Society for Testing and Materials standards. The magnetic susceptibility tests evaluated the scanner's magnetic force that can cause clip movement and rotation. The heating test was conducted with customized MRI parameters of short TR and maximum echo-train length, designed to induce temperature change. The artifact test, using T1-weighted spin and gradient echo imaging sequences, evaluated potential image misrepresentations (localized signal loss) caused by the clip's metallic properties.

Statistical Tests None.

Results and Conclusion The magnetic susceptibility tests indicated no noticeable translational or rotational force exerted by the MRI scanner. The heating test indicated no significant temperature change (<0.3°C) in the testing gel when the clip was absent/present, both within the safety threshold (<1°C). The artifact test's clip images all contained an artifact (largest radius = 10.7 mm). These cumulative results indicate that this clip is safe in 7T scanners. Scanning at least 10.7 mm away from the clip avoids potential signal loss in the region of interest.
Intravenous Direct Thrombin Inhibitors for Acute Venous Thromboembolism or Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia with Thrombosis in Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Branstetter Josh , Williams Pam , Ignjatovic Vera , Memken Amanda , Wilhoit Kristopher , Goldenberg Neil A.
Published: October 2024

Intravenous direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are used for thromboembolic disorders. This systematic review aims to characterize intravenous DTI agents, dosing, monitoring strategies (or use), bleeding, and mortality, in pediatric patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT). MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane's CENTRAL were searched from inception through July 2023. Case series, retrospective studies, and prospective studies providing per-patient or summary data for patients < 18 years of age with VTE or HITT treated with an intravenous DTI were included. Selection and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Sixteen studies (7 case reports, 1 case series, 5 retrospective studies, 3 prospective studies) with 85 patients were included. Target conditions included acute VTE in 54 (64%) and HITT in 31 (36%) patients. Bivalirudin, argatroban, and lepirudin were used in 52 (61%), 27 (32%), and 6 (7%) patients, respectively. Fifty-two (61%) patients received a bolus dose, and weighted mean infusion rates for bivalirudin, argatroban, and lepirudin were 0.2 mg/kg/hr, 1.2 mcg/kg/min, and 0.15 mg/kg/hr, respectively. The activated partial thromboplastin time was utilized for monitoring in 82 (96%) patients. Complete or partial thrombus resolution was reported in 53 (62%) patients, mortality in 6 (7%) patients, and bleeding complications in 14 (16%) patients. In this systematic review involving 85 pediatric patients treated with an intravenous DTI for acute VTE or HITT, bivalirudin was the most commonly utilized agent, with a rate of resolution over 60% despite a high acuity in the population studied. Prospective collaborative studies are warranted to establish optimal dosing and further characterize VTE and bleeding outcomes.
Acute Kidney Injury after Isolated Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Slaughter John C. , Davenport Daniel L. , Saha Sibu P.
Published: October 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is among the most serious of the common postoperative complications of cardiac surgeries, which can increase the short- and long-term morbidity and mortality of patients. This study aimed to examine possible risk factors that lead to AKI. We sought to compare our AKI rates to national averages in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) reported by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). We reviewed our institution's data for renal failure in CABG procedures performed between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2023. From the database, we identified 1,068 CABG patients and reviewed demographics, nonmodifiable conditions, and modifiable risk factors. The STS database uses the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal disease definition for renal failure. Of our patient sample, 14 (1.3%) experienced renal failure. The national rate for AKI after isolated CABG was 1.9% in 2023. Chronic lung disease was a risk factor for AKI development. The mean perfusion, cross-clamp, ventilator times, and hospital stay increased in AKI patients. All patients who suffered from AKI had undergone perioperative blood transfusion. Our single-center experience with renal failure is slightly better than the national average. In our population, chronic lung disease and lower preoperative ejection fractions were associated with increased rates of AKI. Modifiable risk factors in our population included perioperative blood transfusion and increased perfusion/cross-clamp times. Lastly, AKI patients spent longer time on ventilators, increased lengths of stay, and increased postoperative mortality.
Unusual Variations and Atypical Presentations of Diverticulitis
Authors: Kling Sarah , Kripalani Simran , Vu Joceline V.
Published: October 2024

In this article, we describe four unusual variations of diverticulitis: nonsigmoid colonic diverticulitis, giant colonic diverticulum, segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis, and small bowel diverticulitis. We discuss the epidemiology, presentation, and treatment of these types and how they differ from the presentation of typical sigmoid diverticulitis. We also review unusual presentations of typical sigmoid diverticulitis, including hematogenous liver abscess, necrotizing soft-tissue infection, and genitourinary fistula. Diverticulitis is a heterogeneous disease, and understanding the range of its presentations will facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.
A Case of the Uncommon Cause of Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Coronary Fistula and Coronary Stenosis, Which One to Intervene?
Authors: Sinurat Markz R.M.P. , Taofan Taofan , Tobing Daniel P.L. , Atmadikoesoemah Celly A. , Sinurat Sandi
Published: October 2024

We report a case of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) that had two completely distinct mechanisms in one patient. We applied comprehensive diagnostic tools using noninvasive and invasive physiology and imaging tests before, during, and after the intervention procedure to evaluate the outcome. The patient had previously visited many physicians and was diagnosed with noncardiac chest pain. He was referred to our department due to the increased frequency and intensity of angina pectoris. After a careful diagnosis, we found a nonsignificant stenosis (50%) in the mid-left anterior descending (mid-LAD) artery and an unexpectedly high-flow coronary artery fistula from the LAD to the main pulmonary artery (MPA). We tried a combination therapy with escalation of the anti-ischemic therapy but failed. He was rehospitalized with unstable angina pectoris. After a comprehensive physiology and imaging test, our team decided to perform fistula embolization with detachable coils and defer stenting in the mid-LAD artery. After the intervention procedure, his angina subsided, and his exercise capacity was remarkably improved. Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) evaluation in 3 months revealed all coils in situ and improved cardiac function. We postulate that comprehensive diagnostic tools are required to select appropriate management and prevent unnecessary procedures.
Intensity noise and modulation dynamics of an epitaxial mid-infrared interband cascade laser on silicon
Authors: Kim H. , Didier P. , Zaminga S. , Díaz-Thomas D. A. , Baranov A. N. , Rodriguez J. B. , Tournié E. , Knötig H. , Schwarz B. , Cerutti L. , Spitz O. , Grillot F.
Published: October 2024

Interband cascade lasers typically have significantly lower threshold current and power consumption than quantum cascade lasers. They can also have advantages regarding costs and compactness with the photonic integration onto silicon substrates by epitaxial growth. This research introduces a novel examination of the relative intensity noise and the modulation dynamics of a silicon-based Fabry–Perot interband cascade laser emitting at 3.5 μm. The investigation delves into crucial parameters, such as relaxation oscillation frequency, differential gain, gain compression, and K-factor. The resonance patterns identified in relative intensity noise curves can provide essential insights for the thorough characterization of high-defect mid-infrared semiconductor structures intended for high-speed applications. Moreover, this study demonstrates the feasibility of reaching 10 Gbit/s free-space transmission using a silicon-based interband cascade laser in conjunction with an interband cascade infrared photodetector.