bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Role of Precipitation and Land Use on the Size of the Source Area of Shallow Landslides
Authors: Giarola Alessia , Bordoni Massimiliano , Zucca Francesco , Meisina Claudia
Published: September 2023

Rainfall-induced shallow landslides cause damage to human activities and infrastructureseach year, and although the size of a landslide correlates to the damage that it causes, very few studies have previously investigated the factors that influence the size of a shallow landslide. The aim of this work was to assess the role of precipitation and land use in controlling the size of the source area of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. After ruling out the impact of the slope angle and bedrock lithology in the two selected catchments, the role of land use was investigated: the statistical tests showed that woodlands and vineyards had statistically different source area size distributions, possibly due to the different hydrological behaviours between the two. A correlation was additionally found between the size of a source area and the amount of cumulated rainfall in the three days prior to each analysed event. In both cases, an increase in source area size was linked to an increase in pore pressure. This study aimed to fill the existing gap in the research to help implement policies aimed at reducing the size, and consequently the impact, of shallow landslides.
A Mathematical Method for Estimating the Critical Slope Angle of Sheet Erosion
Authors: Wang Mingfeng , Chen Dingjiang , Wang Yucang , Pan Zheqi , Pan Yi
Published: September 2023

Estimating the critical slope angle (CSA) for sheet erosion is important for the precision estimation of sheet erosion and the development of erosion control practices. This study developed mathematical equations considering rainfall intensity and soil infiltration to efficiently estimate both instantaneous (at a given instant during rainfall) and cumulative CSAs, while also providing a valuable explanation for the change in CSA. The mathematical equations were consistent with observations from runoff plots (NSE = −1.01) of loess soils from Zhangjiakou (China) and simulation results (NSE = 0.96) from the Water Erosion Prediction Project model for a loam soil in Montana (USA). Estimated instantaneous CSA determined by the mathematical equations increased as the ratio of rainfall intensity to soil infiltration (I/f) increased, resulting in higher observed cumulative CSA after heavy versus normal rainfall events. Heavy rainfall, compacted soil, and varying rainfall duration affected the CSA by changing the I/f ratio. Maximum instantaneous CSA provided a better prediction of changes in soil erosion dynamics than that obtained from CSAs determined by field observations or experimental simulations. The mathematical equations illustrate the underlying physical mechanisms by which rainfall intensity and soil infiltration affect the CSA through changing the shear stress of overland flow. The results of this study provide critical information for guiding the development of effective soil erosion control strategies.
Spatial Variations and Distribution Patterns of Soil Salinity at the Canal Scale in the Hetao Irrigation District
Authors: Hu Zhiyuan , Miao Qingfeng , Shi Haibin , Feng Weiying , Hou Cong , Yu Cuicui , Mu Yunfang
Published: September 2023

Soil salinization is a major factor impacting global crop yields. To explore the spatial distribution and influencing factors of soil water and salt in typical canals of the Hetao irrigation district, regional soil information was monitored at fixed locations. In this study, classical statistics, geostatistics, and spatial autocorrelation methods were used to conduct quantitative analyses of soil salt content, water content, soil particle size distribution, and groundwater depth. The variation coefficient of the soil salt content in the 20–40 and 40–60 cm soil layers was between 10% and 100%, which corresponds to a medium degree of variation; the other soil layers had strong degrees of variation. The soil moisture content in each layer varied moderately. The gold coefficients of soil salt content and water content were less than 0.25, and the Z value was greater than 0, showing a strong spatial correlation and certain spatial agglomeration characteristics, which were mainly affected by structural factors in the study area. The distribution patterns of soil water and salt were affected by soil particle size. Sand content decreased with increasing depth, soil salt was negatively correlated with sand content, and soil water was positively correlated with sand content. Soil salinity was significantly affected by groundwater depth and increased with decreasing groundwater depth, following an exponential relationship. When the groundwater depth exceeded 1.7 m, the soil salt content exhibited small changes with groundwater depth. The results of this study could play a guiding role in terms of understanding the degree of soil salinization surrounding canals in the Hetao irrigation area and adjusting land management strategies over time.
Painted Water—A Concept to Shape Water Negotiation Strategies in Shared River Basins
Authors: Shahbazbegian Mohammadreza , Dinar Ariel
Published: September 2023

In a transboundary river basin, downstream states frequently express concerns regarding the potential utilization of water resources by upstream states as a tool for exerting coercion. This fact contributes to instilling doubt in the applicability of negotiations, even in transboundary basins that possess strong international agreements. In an effort to address the issue, this paper introduces the painted water concept. It divides upstream states’ available water into three triage color volumes before reaching downstream states in ascending order of negotiability: green, yellow, and red. Additionally, downstream states must consider the dynamics of transitions of painted water classes over time when developing their negotiation strategies and water policies. In order to assess the concept’s contribution in practice, we analyze trilateral riparian negotiations along the Blue Nile River basin, based on a “what-if” analysis approach under four global future scenarios. These results could shed light on part of the complexity of the Blue Nile negotiation and mainstream the water policies and perspectives of riparian states. Here, this paper shows that the painted water concept can provide multidisciplinary insights into proactive water negotiations. The inclusion of such a concept can help to deepen theories, approaches principals, and any disciplines pertinent to transboundary water negotiations.
Preparation of Ceramic Membranes and Their Application in Wastewater and Water Treatment
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Tan Yuqi , Sun Ronglin , Zhang Wenjie
Published: September 2023

Ceramic membranes have become one of the most rapidly developing and promising membrane materials owing to their excellent properties. Compared with other membrane materials, ceramic membranes are widely used in the wastewater and water treatment fields owing to their advantages, including higher chemical stability, stronger mechanical strength, longer service life, and better water filtration performance. In this paper, the sources of raw materials and their preparation for the production of ceramic membranes are briefly introduced. The methods for preparing ceramic membranes are described in detail, including the role of ceramic membranes in water treatment applications, the preparation methods of the membranes, and the latest progress in this area, along with a review of the applications of ceramic membranes in wastewater and water treatment. Simultaneously, this study also evaluates which preparation method is the most advantageous and the aspects of its advantages. The raw materials used in the ceramic membrane preparation and the types of water treatment suitable for this method were studied. The results showed that the phase-conversion sintering technique has multiple advantages, and the generated asymmetric structure with finger- and sponge-like voids can further improve the flux and separation abilities, which are attractive for scientific researchers. Finally, the development trends in the inorganic ceramic membrane market were surveyed. This work can help beginners understand the preparation procedures employed to produce ceramic membranes for water treatment; compare the porosity, mechanical strength, permeation flux, and chemical and thermal stability of the resulting membranes; and reasonably select the appropriate preparation method for the relevant water treatment type.
Understanding the Interactions of Climate and Land Use Changes with Runoff Components in Spatial-Temporal Dimensions in the Upper Chi Basin, Thailand
Authors: Hormwichian Rattana , Kaewplang Siwa , Kangrang Anongrit , Supakosol Jirawat , Boonrawd Kowit , Sriworamat Krit , Muangthong Sompinit , Songsaengrit Songphol , Prasanchum Haris
Published: September 2023

Climate and land use changes are major factors affecting runoff in regional basins. Understanding this variation through considering the interactions among hydrological components is an important process for water resource management. This study aimed to assess the variation of future runoff in the Upper Chi Basin, Northeastern Thailand. The QSWAT hydrological model was integrated into three CMIP6 GCMs—ACCESS-CM2, MIROC6, and MPI-ESM1-2-LR—under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios for the period 2023–2100. The Land Change Modeler (LCM) was also used for future land use simulation. The results revealed that the future average long-term precipitation and temperature tended to increase while forest land tended to decrease and be replaced by sugarcane plantations. The accuracy assessment of the baseline year runoff calculation using QSWAT for the period 1997–2022 showed an acceptable result, as can be seen from the R2, NSE, RSR, and PBIAS indices. This result could lead to the temporal and spatial simulation of future runoff. Likewise, the runoff of the two SSP scenarios tended to increase consecutively, especially in the SSP585 scenario. In addition, in cases of long-term spatial changes in the subbasins scale, over 90% of the area—from upstream to the outlet point—tended to be higher due to two major factors; namely, future increased precipitation and changes in cultivation, which would be influential to groundwater and interflow components, respectively. The methodology and result of this study can be useful to stakeholders in understanding changes in hydrological systems so that they can apply it to developing a strategy for water resource management and to handling factors affecting different dimensions properly and sustainably.
Photochemical Release of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen from Algal Detritus and Sediment Particles in Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Liu Yanan , Yao Xiaolong
Published: September 2023

Solar irradiation in aquatic systems can induce the conversion of substances from the solid to the dissolved phase (photodissolution). Yet, the photochemical release of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from internal particles in lakes remains largely unknown. In this study, suspensions of algal detritus and sediment particles from a shallow eutrophic lake were exposed to simulated solar irradiation, and the release and compositional changes of dissolved organic matter were explored by measuring their UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy and ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The photochemical release of inorganic nitrogen during the incubations was also investigated. Results showed that light irradiation induced stronger dissolved organic carbon and DON production in the algal detritus suspensions, with release rates of 1.17 mg C L−1 h−1 and 0.14 mg N L−1 h−1, respectively, at an algal detritus concentration of 0.1 dry g L−1. Light irradiation also induced compositional changes of DON in both algal and sediment suspensions. A larger number of DON molecules with lower molecular weight were continuously released in the algal suspensions, e.g., the total number of DON formulas increased from 1349 to 4135 during an 8 h irradiation. In contrast, upon irradiation of sediment suspensions, DON showed decreased molecular diversity and increased aromaticity. The photochemical release of ammonium (photoammonification) was also higher in the algal suspensions with a rate of 0.015 mg N L−1 h−1, which may contribute to the eutrophication of the lake. This study provides new molecular insights into the photochemical release of DON from typical internal particles in eutrophic lakes.
A Promising Process to Remove Nitrate from Solar Panel Production Wastewater and Meanwhile Generating Electricity
Authors: Chen Libin , Ding Cong , Liu Bingyin , Lian Jinshi , Lai Lingling , Yuan Linjiang , Wang Ru
Published: September 2023

For traditional heterotrophic denitrification technology, organics are usually added as the electron donor for nitrate removal, which increases the operation cost for wastewater treatment. Solar panel production wastewater contains a large amount of nitrate. To decrease the operation cost and reduce CO2 emissions, an iron anode microbial fuel cell (Fe-MFC) was constructed to treat solar panel production wastewater by sequencing batch operation. The results showed that the maximum nitrate removal efficiency reached 99.98% and the maximum removal rate was 0.049 kg·m−3·d−1. The output voltages rose rapidly to 560 ± 10 mV within 2 h and then stabilized at 520 ± 50 mV for about 40 h. Combining the detection of coulombic efficiency, CV curve, q* value and internal resistance; the decrease in denitrification efficiency and electricity generation efficiency probably resulted from the passivation of iron anode and the aging of the cathode biofilm resulted in the efficiency decrease. From the microbial analysis, Chryseobacterium, Thermomonas and Thauera predominated at the end of Fe-MFC operation. Microorganisms that cannot adapt to the autotrophic environment in Fe-MFC died out finally. Periodic replacement of the iron anode and domestication of the bio-cathode were essential to maintain the Fe-MFC efficiency. The Fe-MFC technology was feasible to be used to remove nitrate and generate electricity from solar panel production wastewater. Without organics addition, the Fe-MFC technology was cost-efficient and environmentally friendly, endowing itself with a broad prospect of application.
Vertical and Hybrid Constructed Wetlands as a Sustainable Technique to Improve Domestic Wastewater Quality
Authors: Masharqa Asmaa , Al-Tardeh Sharaf , Mlih Rawan , Bol Roland
Published: September 2023

Developing safer and environmentally friendly methods for wastewater management is a crucial issue worldwide. Pollutants stemming from pure elemental, organic or inorganic compounds, or microbial sources, are an increasing problem in domestic wastewater. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used as an effective and low-cost method of treating different types of polluted water. This review paper focuses on the effectiveness of pollutant-removal from domestic wastewater using vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) and hybrid constructed wetlands (HCWs). Meta-analysis and ANOVA tests were conducted to analyse the potentiality of VFCW and HCW as a remedy for domestic wastewater and the effect of using different substrates and plant species. Meta-analysis shows a high significance (p = 0.001) between the interactions (method, plant, and substrate) on the pollutant’s removal efficiency. In both analysis methods, there were no significant differences between VFCW and HCW for the same pollutant (p > 0.05); the average removal percentages when using VFCW and HCW (according to ANOVA analysis) were 80% vs. 90% for BOD, 78% vs. 77% for COD, 75% vs. 83% for ammonium-N, 48% vs. 56% for TN, and 60% for TP, respectively. Moreover, this review article presents a comprehensive overview of the removal mechanisms for organics, inorganics, and metals from domestic wastewater using VFCW, and the effects of environmental parameters including substrate type, plant species, and dissolved oxygen which have direct and indirect impacts on physical, chemical, and biological removal mechanisms. In conclusion, VFCWs and HCWs seem to be an excellent approach, offering economical and environmentally friendly techniques for domestic wastewater treatment, but VFCW is considered simpler and more applicable for setting up on-site near houses, as there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between applying VFCW or HCW on removal percentages for most pollutants, according to ANOVA testing. More work is needed to study the effect of non-planted VFCWs and HCWs on removal efficiency.
Risks of Antibiotic Resistance Dissemination by Leachates from Municipal Landfills of Different Ages
Authors: Blumfelde Māra , Gudrā Dita , Začs Dzintars , Vonda Kārlis , Žorža Laura , Selga Tūrs , Grīnbergs Andrejs , Dēliņa Aija , Bartkevičs Vadims , Fridmanis Dāvids , Muter Olga
Published: September 2023

Landfill leachate is regarded as a significant point source of pollutants that may pose a hazard to the environment, particularly to surface and ground waters. Leachates are highly variable and heterogeneous. Our study was focused on the characterization of landfill leachates derived from young (YDS) and matured (MDS) dumpsites in terms of the abundance of micropollutants, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), and microbial community structure. The concentrations of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were found to be higher in MDS compared to YDS, i.e., 13.19 and 7.16 μg/L, respectively. Among pharmaceutical compounds, ibuprofen was detected at the highest concentrations, i.e., 12.54, 12.81, and 13.13 μg/L, in the leachates derived from MDS, YDS, and ponds. The distribution of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses in the three leachate samples was as follows: 85.15 ÷ 88.04%, 9.13 ÷ 12.29%, 2.20 ÷ 2.68%, and 0.12 ÷ 0.15%, respectively. In total, 31 distinct families of ARGs were identified, comprising a total of 80 ARGs. Incubation of P. putida MSCL650 in sterile leachate from the pond resulted in decreasing the minimum inhibitory concentrations for six antibiotics as compared to cells incubated in nutrient broth. Hydrological processes, i.e., runoff and infiltration, can increase the dissemination of ARGs.
Impact of Hydrological Changes on Wetland Landscape Dynamics and Implications for Ecohydrological Restoration in Honghe National Nature Reserve, Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Xuanyi , Liu Yao , Zhao Wei , Li Jingtai , Xie Siying , Zhang Chenyan , He Xiaorou , Yan Dandan , Wang Minhua
Published: September 2023

Marsh wetlands are significant ecosystems located between land and water bodies which can both protect species diversity and provide habitats. Changes in the hydrological situation of marsh wetlands as a result of climate change and human activities have led to the degradation of wetland landscapes. Taking the Honghe National Nature Reserve (HNNR) in Heilongjiang Province, China, as an example, this paper gathered information on the reserve’s wetland landscape before and after dam construction. The information was obtained using field survey data and a random forest classification method based on Landsat data powered by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. Then, on the basis of the water level data and the digital elevation model, the wetland landscape dynamics of HNNR under three water level conditions were simulated. The findings were as follows: (1) From 1998 to 2008, the area of marsh and meadow had a downward trend, while the area of forest, farmland and water showed a gradual and upward trend; a marked rise in the area of marsh and a continued rise in the area of forest, farmland and water, and a sharp decline in the area of meadow during 2008 to 2018 was observed. (2) There was a significant increase in the area of marsh under the 20 and 40 cm water level simulation scenarios, with a decrease in the number of patches, and an increase in the aggregation index with rising water levels; in contrast, when the water level rose to 60 cm, the area of marsh and the number of patches decreased, but the aggregation index continued to increase. (3) The correlation between wetland landscape and the water level was a nonlinear one. The area of marsh increased and then decreased with increasing water level, reaching a maximum at the 40 cm water level; therefore, 40 cm was the optimal water level regulation scenario. Hydrological processes are the most fundamental ecological processes in marsh wetlands. Understanding the scientific pattern of the spatial pattern characteristics of species as a function of water level environment is important for scientifically guiding the restoration of marsh vegetation.
Mapping Mean Velocity Field over Bed Forms Using Simplified Empirical-Moment Concept Approach
Authors: Elgamal Mohamed
Published: September 2023

The log-wake law was successful in mapping velocity fields for uniform flow over flat surfaces, even in cases of wake effects (velocity dips, wall effects, and secondary currents). However, natural riverbeds with undulations and bedforms challenge these models. This study introduces a moment-based empirical method for rough estimation of the velocity fields over stationary 2D bedforms. It proposes three polynomial velocity profile templates (first, fifth, and eighth orders) with coefficients deduced analytically while taking into account an array of flow conditions and assumptions, including slip velocity at the bed, mass and moment of momentum conservations, imposing inviscid potential flow near the water surface, and incorporation of near-bed shear stress utilizing a moment-based Chezy formula. Remarkably, the coefficients of these polynomials are primarily reliant on two crucial velocity scales, the depth-averaged velocity (uo) and the moment-derived integral velocity (u1), along with the dimensionless reattachment coefficient (Kr). Validation of the proposed approach comes from ten lab experiments, spanning Froude numbers from 0.1 to 0.32, offering empirical data to validate the obtained velocity profiles and to establish the relationship of the spatial variation in the normalized u1 velocity along bedforms. This study reveals that the assumption of a slip boundary condition at the bed generally enhances the accuracy of predicted velocity profiles. The eighth-order polynomial profile excels within the eddy zone and close to reattachment points, while the fifth-order profile performs better downstream, approaching the crest. Importantly, the efficacy of this approach extends beyond water flow to encompass airflow scenarios, such as airflow over a negative step. The research findings highlight that linear velocity, as employed in Vertically Averaged and Moment models (VAM), exhibits approximately 70% less velocity mismatch compared to constant Vertically Averaged (VA) models. Moreover, the utilization of the fifth-order and eighth-order velocity profiles results in substantial improvements, reducing velocity mismatch by approximately 86% and 90%, respectively, in comparison to VA models. The insights gained from this study hold significant implications for advancing vertically averaged and moment-based models, enabling the generation of approximate yet more realistic velocity fields in scenarios involving flow over bedforms. These findings directly impact applications related to sediment transport and mixing phenomena.
Colorimetric Quantification for Residual Poly-DADMAC in Water Treatment
Authors: Levakov Ilil , Maor Ido , Barak Chen , Kirshenbaum Yael , Rytwo Giora
Published: September 2023

Poly-DADMAC (PD) is a commonly used organic polymer in water treatment, known for its effectiveness as a coagulant. However, its presence as a residue in water raises concerns related to membrane fouling and the potential formation of carcinogenic compounds. Therefore, fast and simple quantification is necessary to efficiently control and monitor the optimal dose of poly-DADMAC with minimal negative effects. This study introduces a new colorimetric quantification method for poly-DADMAC, based on complexation with a cationic dye (fast green-FG). The method was examined through varying conditions, which included different analytical and commercial poly-DADMAC formulations and concentrations. These experiments confirm its effectiveness in quantifying poly-DADMAC with a detection limit of 3.22 µg L−1 (0.02 µM based on monomers’ molecular weight), which is one order of magnitude lower than regulatory requirements (50 µg L−1). To validate the method, the effect of pH was examined, and implementation demonstrations were conducted on cyanobacteria and cowshed-polluted water samples. This research introduces a fast, cost-effective innovative method to accurately quantify poly-DADMAC, enhancing water treatment strategies for high-quality purification and water reuse
Exploring the Drivers for Changes in Lake Area in a Typical Arid Region during Past Decades
Authors: Cao Yang , Fu Congsheng , Yang Mingxiang , Wu Huawu , Wu Haohao , Zhang Haixia , Xia Ye , Zhu Zichun
Published: September 2023

Lakes are important surface water bodies, and ongoing climate change is a growing threat to the hydrological cycle and water resource availability of lakes in arid regions. Accurately estimating different drivers’ contributions to lake water volume can enhance our understanding of lake variations in arid regions. In this study, we combined the land surface model and hydrological model, as well as statistical methods, to analyze the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of lake area changes and the factors affecting these changes during the past decades in Bosten Lake, Ulungur Lake, Ebinur Lake, and Sayram Lake, which are located in a typical dry region in China. The study revealed that the average amounts of river inflow, TWVF, lake ice sublimation, lake surface precipitation, and river outflow in the four lakes were 17.41 × 108 m3 yr−1, 6.60 × 108 m3 yr−1, 0.41 × 108 m3 yr−1, 0.98 × 108 m3 yr−1, and 9.12 × 108 m3 yr−1, respectively. We found that river inflow is the dominant factor affecting changes in open lake areas, while lake surface precipitation is the main factor affecting changes in closed lake areas. Our findings suggest that the main factors dominating the variability of lake water volume differ in different phases and lake types.
Optimization of the Electronic Control Unit of Electric-Powered Agricultural Vehicles
Authors: Vasile Ionuț , Tudor Emil , Sburlan Ion-Cătălin , Matache Mihai-Gabriel , Cristea Mario
Published: September 2023

Agricultural vehicles, such as tractors, combines, and harvesters, are following the trend of commercial vehicles with a transition from diesel to electric propulsion. Seen as an integrated system, a full-electric tractor is a complex machine with many systems that have to be interconnected for efficient functionality; thus, the need for a central control unit arises. The purpose of this article is to present an electronic control unit that interconnects the powertrain, the hydraulic systems, and the auxiliary systems of a full-electric tractor, with an emphasis on optimization through software design. The article describes the hardware of the electronic control unit and the software state diagrams necessary to implement the functions required by the electric tractor. The results of this article show how, through software optimization, the performances of the tractor can be improved, with parameters such as the response time of the various equipment being a useful indicator of such an improvement. Furthermore, the implementation of trip memory and an easy-to-use human–machine interface allows for easy diagnostic of the electric tractor.
Talanoa: Pushing Boundaries to Promote Pacific Ways of Being in Aotearoa New Zealand Tertiary Education
Authors: Bentley-Gray Daisy
Published: September 2023

The survival of Pacific societies is partly attributed to the ability of Pacific ancestors to transmit stories from generation to generation through myths and legends, stories of creation, songs, oratory, art and natural environments. This paper explores the importance of the practice of Talanoa as a concept and a research tool in promoting Pacific knowledge systems and practices in tertiary education in Aotearoa New Zealand. Talanoa was utilised as the primary research method to gather narratives about how Talanoa is incorporated, from Pacific staff in various roles in tertiary education in a culturally safe and relevant way, both face to face and online. The author also conducted an online survey to gather information about how or whether Talanoa is used widely by Pacific staff in an Aotearoa New Zealand tertiary institution, Unitec New Zealand Limited, before it transitioned fully into the national institute, Te Pūkenga. The research analysed existing literature to ensure that it adds value to this repertoire of knowledge and research. The significance of recognising and acknowledging Pacific oral traditions will add value to and enhance Pacific ways of knowing and engagement in any context. The outcome of this study supports the inclusion of Talanoa as a tool that can be used successfully in tertiary education.
Optimising staff utilisation in companion animal veterinary practice in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Brown Francesca , Ma Sylvia
Published: September 2023

Utilisation of all staff in companion animal veterinary practice has long been reported as sub-optimal in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Evidence shows that skill utilisation is poor, and this is likely impacted by the very low ratios of non-veterinarian staff to each veterinarian in a veterinary practice. This participative action research utilised co-design with a range of staff practising in companion animal clinical practice in Aotearoa/New Zealand, who self-selected as having experience with excellent utilisation. Participants were asked to imagine what a future with excellent utilisation in Aotearoa/New Zealand would look like. This research clarifies role definitions of a veterinarian, companion animal registered veterinary nurse and companion animal healthcare assistant, documents examples of task allocation in an interprofessional team, and develops models to show how ratios of 11:2–14:2 of non-veterinarian staff to veterinarians could be operationalised. The outcomes of achieving this model are likely be beneficial to staff, animals, clients and the business profitability. However, a significant number of barriers are present which may prevent implementation of this model. These include lack of trust, poor team culture, perceived or real skill gaps in veterinary nurses, current legal risks associated with task delegation by veterinarians, and insufficient time available to implement change. Whilst overcoming some of these barriers requires industry-led solutions, many can be resolved immediately within individual teams. Therefore, there is no need to wait for industry change to begin creating veterinary teams with excellent utilisation within individual veterinary practices.
Co-digestion potential of different industrial sludge sources and impact on energy recovery
Authors: Temel Melek Şebnem , Yangin-gomec Cigdem
Published: September 2023

Co-digestion potential of the wastewater treatment sludges produced at two industries with different characteristics was investigated in anaerobic batch reactors operated at mesophilic (35±2 °C) condition. The sludge sources selected were from a food industry producing edible oil and from a textile industry producing woven fabric. Reactor performance was evaluated by the conventional parameters as well as by monitoring the biogas production during co-digestion of both industrial sludges at equal mixing proportions. Results indicated that both of these sludge sources had substantial biogas production potential with a cumulative biogas yield more than 425 mL/g-VSSfed whereas it was about 5-fold lower only for the food sludge. On the other hand, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal reached to about 90% during co-digestion with a well recovery of pH value and alkalinity concentration for sufficient buffering at the end of incubation. Therefore, by the combination of different industrial sludges through co-digestion; higher digestion performance and improved methane yield could be achieved due to better balanced substrate and nutrients. Regarding the initial heavy metals in the supernatant phase of the mixed sludge; iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) could be removed from 56% to 80% while no apparent removals were observed in cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) at the end of operation. Hence, these potential toxic pollutants in the digestate should be taken into consideration while deciding the most appropriate resource recovery and ultimate disposal methods.
Using chlorella vulgaris as a natural-textile dye
Authors: Almoulkı Tasnim , Akkaya Ebru
Published: September 2023

The applications of algae are becoming more popular day by day. From biofuels to nutrients, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and most recently ink and textile dyes. Due to algae’s high lipid content that works best as a substitute for petroleum-based products, and because it is carbon negative and eco-friendly, algae-based dyes can present a transitional solution to the environmental damages caused by the dyeing phases in the textile industry. Researchers have investigated the types, methods, applications, and efficiency of various algae species and types of dyes to serve in various coloring and printing applications. In this paper, we present the possibility of using microalgae as a natural dye for the textile industry. The microalgae studied were mixed species dominated by Chlorella Vulgaris. Pigments were extracted by acetone to create the natural dye which was used on a 100% cotton fabric using basic dying methods. A light-fastness test was subsequently performed, and the results indicated that the algae-colored fabric gained a value similar to those usually obtained with natural dyes.
Analisis pengembangan Agroindustri Pindang Family dengan Pendekatan Triple Layered Business Model Canvas
Authors: Setiawan Fitra Ramadhani , Magfiroh Illia Seldon
Published: September 2023

The pindang family agroindustry is a pindang fish agroindustry that produces pindang fish with tuna as the main raw material, which is intended to get more added value and a more durable product. This study aims to (1) determine the mapping of the TLBMC business model of the Pindang Family Agroindustry, (2) obtain decision making using PMIA in the Pindang Family Agroindustry business model. the research method used in this research is descriptive analytic. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. The results of this research are (1) Pindang Family Agroindustry can describe all the elements in the economic and environmental layers, that is, it can describe the nine elements, in the social layer it can only describe five elements and four elements cannot be described. (2) The results of decision making using PMIA show that the Pindang Family Agroindustry is said to be sustainable because the final score is positive, which is equal to 282, consisting of 107 economic layer scores, 104 environmental layer scores, and 71 social element scores.
Representasi Pionir Pada Iklan Televisi A Mild "Karena A Pasti Yang Pertama"
Authors: Faturahman Winata
Published: September 2023

A Mild merupakan produk salah satu produsen rokok terbesar di Indonesia yaitu Sampoerna. Pada awal kemunculannya A Mild sudah memiliki tagline yang membentuk branding bahwa produk ini adalah produk nomor satu dan produk pelopor. Tagline Others Only Can Follow merupakan tagline yang sudah melekat sejak kemunculan produk ini. Sebagai produk yang mampu bersaing. Pada iklan versi terbaru ini A Mild sukses merepresentasikan pionir pada iklan televisi tersebut melalui visual /gambarnya. setiap scene memiliki representasi yang menggambarkan kepioniran dari produk tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui representasi pionir yang terdapat dalam iklan karena A mild sendiri mempunyai tagline “Karena A Pasti yang Pertama. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma yang digunakan adalah paradigma konstruktivis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode semiotika John Fiske. Menurut Fiske, kode-kode yang muncul atau yang digunakan dalam acara televisi saling berhubungan sehingga terbentuk sebuah makna. Pada iklan tersebut , adegan pada setiap scene berhasil mencerminkan bahwa produk tersebut adalah sebagai pionir.
KONSEP DETERMINISME DALAM FILM SOUL (STUDI ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA ROLAND BARTHES)
Authors: Arni Arni
Published: September 2023

Abstract

 Soul is a film directed by Pate Doctor. The film's story is about the concept of determinism, whose core idea is a causal relationship (causal). It means everything that happens to us is determined by pre-existing causes, such as talent, personality, spirit, and desire. These pre-existing causes have been determined before humans are born. They became the guide to prevent individuals from deviating from his/her destiny. This study aims to analyze the meaning of determinism's message in the film Soul, using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis. The research method used is a qualitative paradigm with a descriptive research type. Qualitative research aims to explain the denotative signs, connotations, and myths in the film Soul. The data analysis technique uses Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis to develop a more dynamic signified-dichotomous model. The results of the research show that 1. The thesis or the big idea of this film is that everything that happens to us has sufficient reasons why it happens; 2. Personality and spark formed in Your seminars are not the purpose but something that ignites and encourages the soul to do what is determined initially. However, the condition does not limit the soul if it wants to escape its predetermined purpose. 3. A person who can recognize his passion from the start is unlikely to take the wrong path or the path of another.

 Keywords: Determinism; Soul Movies; Semiotics
Framing Berita Kasus Tuduhan Pelanggaran UU Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) terhadap TikTokers Bima Kritik Lampung di Media Online Detik.com dan Kompas.com
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Social media provides freedom of opinion and expression for its users. In Indonesia, the use of social media is regulated in the 2008 ITE Law. This study examines the reporting of one of the ITE Law controversy cases in the form of accusations of hate speech containing SARA against Bima Yudho Saputro who criticized Lampung as "Dajjal". The purpose of this study is to find out how the media Detik.com and Kompas.com in framing news cases of alleged violations of the ITE Law using Robert N. Entman's framing device. This research includes framing analysis research with qualitative approach methods. The results of this study are seen from the Define Problem framing tool, the media Detik.com and Kompas.com trying to define cases of alleged violations of the ITE Law by Bima as cases that do not need to be brought into the realm of law, evidenced by headlines that tend to write responses from several parties.  Diagnose Causes, a framing developed by Detik.com and Kompas.com media is a report of violations of the ITE Law against Bima. Make Moral Judgement, it is seen Detik.com highlight the statement of the family responding to the case as a lesson for various parties, while Kompas.com highlight statements from various parties who consider the report against Bima to be a criminalization of human rights and a violation of democratic values. Treatment Recommendation, Detik.com and Kompas.com highlight the resolution of existing problems by writing down the attitude of the Lampung Regional Police regarding the Bima case.
KOBİ’LERİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİĞİNDE TEKNOPARK VE TEKNOLOJİ TRANSFER OFİSLERİNİN ROLÜ
Authors: AYDIN Utku , YILDIZ Mehmet Selami
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı teknopark ve teknoloji transfer ofislerinin KOBİ’lerin sürdürülebilirliğindeki rolünü analiz etmek ve KOBİ’lerin bu süreci verimli bir şekilde ilerletebilmeleri için uygun bir yol haritası ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemlerinden nitel yöntem tercih edilmiş bire bir görüşme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Düzce Teknopark bünyesindeki KOBİ’ler ve yönetim ofisinde çalışan uzman personel ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda KOBİ’lerin sürdürülebilirliğine yönelik destekler ve teknopark-teknoloji transfer ofisi yapılanmasının KOBİ’lerin sürdürülebilirliğindeki rolü incelenmektedir. Verilerin toplanması aşamasında bire bir görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Düzce Teknopark ve Düzce Teknoloji transfer ofisinin hizmet sağladığı KOBİ’ler ve yönetim ofisi uzmanları oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma sonucunda teknopark ve teknoloji transfer ofisinin destek sağladığı firmaların finansal sürdürülebilirliğine ve personel istihdamı sürdürülebilirliğinde sorunlar yaşadıkları görülmektedir. Bunun yanında, Teknopark ve Teknoloji Transfer Ofisi’nin sağlamış olduğu desteklerin KOBİ’lere ulaşması noktasında yaygınlaştırma faaliyetlerini arttırmaları gerektiği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca ulusal ve uluslararası fon mekanizmalarına erişim noktasında firmaların problemler yaşadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. KOBİ’lerin sürdürülebilirlik düzeyini arttırmak için izledikleri politikalar incelenmiş ve bu süreçten daha fazla verim alabilmeleri adına yol haritaları ortaya konulmuştur.
Globalization and Talent Development: A Blueprint for Chinese University- International Institution Synergy
Authors: Hu Ming
Published: September 2023

With China's continuous rise in comprehensive national strength and rapid economicdevelopment, international cooperation and exchange in Chinese universities havegarnered increasing attention. This paper analyzes the current status of undergraduatetalent development through international cooperation in Chinese ethnic universities.Based on summarizing the characteristics of talent development in internationalcooperation, it explores the development trends and challenges in international talentcooperation and provides some recommendations for further development.
Fairness Hub Technical Briefs: Overview of Bias Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Lee Jinsook , Brooks Christopher , Yu Renzhe , Kizilcec René F.
Published: September 2023

There are a number of strategies that can be used to mitigate model bias. Which strategy is most appropriate and effective will depend on the particular use case, as this depends on the source of the bias. We offer an overview of potential strategies here with a brief description of each to help guide the selection of bias mitigation strategies. The Fairness Hub’s goal is to provide teams with resources for bias analysis and mitigation without the need for data sharing. We encourage the teams to evaluate the effectiveness of individual and combined mitigation strategies with the AUC Gap measure of model bias for various models in their application and for various subgroups. Many of the strategies described are implemented in the AI Fairness 360 and the Fairlearn toolkits, and our Hub can answer further questions about the implementation and evaluation of these strategies.
The Essence of the Company’s Intellectual Holdings and their Evaluation Indicators
Authors: Apanasevich M. V.
Published: September 2023

Intellectualization of the modern economy is an objective process, which is naturally predetermined by the new quality of the role and place of a man in the system of economic relations. The transformation of a human being into simultaneously an objective, a mean, and a condition of economic activity obliges us to characterize the processes of individual and social reproduction in a new way. The trends of modern economic development are reflected in such concepts as intellectual resources, intellectual capital of a company. At the moment, despite the abundance of literature, there is no single generally accepted approach to the definition and evaluation of these economic categories. The article presents the approaches of various authors to the interpretation of the term “intellectual capital”. As a result of this research, the author’s designation of the company’s intellectual resources – intellectual holdings, their structure and evaluation methods are proposed.
Automated System for Generating and Evaluating Tests
Authors: Migalevich S. A. , German O. V.
Published: September 2023

The importance of knowledge testing in the educational process and its role in identifying gaps in students’ knowledge and modernizing education are noted. The contextual links between the concept of quality and educational testing, the representation of knowledge about the subject area using the Martynov triad are considered. The main focus is on the semantic web, where concepts represent testable knowledge elements. Concepts are classified into different types depending on the information they contain, such as general textual concept, list/classification/hierarchy, program code, formulaic concept, causal concept, and others. The generation of test questions is considered, the QueTabAI system is described, which automatically generates questions based on the presented knowledge about the subject area. Methods for generating questions with their compilation on the basis of grammatical analysis of the text are given. The signs or criteria that are identified through testing are listed. Various aspects and methods of feature formation are studied, allowing to make a decision on the need to fill in the knowledge gaps and modernize the educational process.
Algorithm for Automating Input and Processing of Initial Data for Computer Forecasting of Spatial Migration of Radionuclides in Soils
Authors: Shalkevich P. K. , Dalmatava A. O.
Published: September 2023

An important tool for solving problems associated with the migration of radionuclides is computer technology that makes it possible to predict the spread of radioactive contamination in soils, which are an important component of the biosphere. At the same time, most modern software for the prediction of the spread of radioactive contamination is based on idealizations that simplify the understanding of this process, while solving the problem of a comprehensive assessment of the biosphere requires the use of a full-fledged spatial model of radionuclide migration in soils. Such a model was developed by P. K. Shalkevich within SPS (Simulation of Processes in Soil) software. SPS uses the initial values of radionuclide concentrations, hydrological and thermal properties of soils and information about meteorological conditions as input data for forecasting. At the same time, the listed initial data must be previously collected, processed and converted into a form that the software able to work with. Such processes require significant intellectual and time costs. These costs negatively affect the possibility of generating operational forecasts of the radioactive situation, but can be significantly reduced by using systems for automated radiation monitoring of soils and automating input and processing of initial data when predicting the spatial migration of radionuclides in the appropriate software, what is considered in the present article.
Problem Solver Model of Intelligent Framework for the Development of Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kovalev M. V.
Published: September 2023

The article describes an approach to implementing the ability of intelligent systems to self-learn through an intelligent framework for the development of artificial neural networks. A method of interaction between intelligent systems and a framework based on a library of reusable components is proposed, which allows to automatically design and train artificial neural networks based on a given problem specification. Based on the analysis of the activity of developers of artificial neural networks, a model of the problem solver of such a framework is described in the form of a hierarchy of actions for the development of artificial neural networks.