bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-care Performance of Iranian Pregnant Women in Preventing COVID-19 Infection and Its Relationship With Perceived Stress
Authors: Bani Soheila , Farzadi Laya , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Golshani Farideh , Ranjbar Minoo , Hasanpour Shirin
Published: January 2021

Background: The crisis of COVID-19 disease causes stress in the whole population, including pregnant women, and because pregnancy is a potentially stressful event, it can lead to complications in both mother and fetus. Considering the importance of prevention in controlling of this infection, the present study was conducted to determine the status of self-care performance of pregnant women in the prevention of COVID-19 disease and its relationship with perceived stress during the epidemic period of this disease.Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 228 pregnant women who referred to Tabriz-Iran health centers for prenatal care by cluster sampling. Data collection tools included questionnaires of demographic-social characteristics, self-care performance and perceived stress. Spearman correlation test was used to examine the correlation between self-care performance and perceived stress in bivariate analysis and in multivariate analysis, multivariate linear regression with control of demographic-social and obstetric characteristics as possible confounders, was used.Results: The median (25-75 percentiles) self-care performance score of participants was 0.71 (0.65-0.76) from the achievable range of 20-80, and the mean (±SD) perceived stress score of them was 25.5 (± 5.6) from the achievable range of 0-56. The Spearman’s rank correlation test results showed a significant inverse correlation between perceived stress and self-care performance scores. According to multivariate linear regression test, the variables of self-care performance, education, spouse's education and number of family members were the predictors of perceived stress in pregnant women during COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the self-care performance of pregnant women in the prevention of COVID-19 disease was good and their stress was moderate. There was a significant inverse correlation between self-care performance and perceived stress, which could indicate the high value and importance of the fetus for the mother and strict adherence to health protocols to prevent COVID-19, which also leads to calming and reduced perceived stress.
Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma With Long-term Survival: An Autopsy Case Report
Authors: Tomoto Kyoichi , Nakatogawa Hirokazu , Kenmochi Hiroaki , Kawaji Hiroshi , Katsuragi Shinya , On Jotaro , Otsuki Yoshiro , Kakita Akiyoshi , Inenaga Chikanori , Tanaka Tokutaro
Published: January 2021

Background: The survival rate of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (APXA) is not well established due to the limited number of cases, but a few reports have suggested that the 5-year overall survival rate for APXA patients isaround 50%. We herein report an autopsy case of an APXA patient who survived 30 years after her rst surgery.﻿Case presentation: A 37-year-old woman initially underwent total resection of a right temporal lobe tumor. The primary diagnosis at that time was grade II-III astrocytoma. Postoperative radio-chemotherapy was completed and follow-up was stopped after 22 years of no recurrence. However, 30 years after the initial treatment, the patient returned presenting with deterioration in consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple heterogeneously enhanced tumors. A diagnosis of APXA was reached after a reevaluation of the initial resected specimens. She died four months after the recurrence. An autopsy revealed that the recurrence was glioblastoma multiforme.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this patient is the longest APXA survival case. Autopsy specimens did not indicate local recurrences, which suggested primary lesion control could be associated with survival.
The Role of Pre-Treatment and Mid-Treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Evaluating Prognosis of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma-Not Otherwise Specified (PTCL-NOS)
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Wang Guangfa , Zhao Xin , Hu Yongxian , Yin Elaine Tan Su , Chen Donghe , Wang Huatao , Zhao Kui
Published: January 2021

Background These are limited data on pretreatment evaluation and prognosis assessments of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma-Not Otherwise Specified (PTCL-NOS). We aimed to determine the prognostic values of pre-treatment and mid-treatment total metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and Deauville 5-Point Scale (D-5PS) in accessing the prognosis of PTCL-NOS.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 31 patients with pathologically diagnosed PTCL-NOS. These patients have undergone positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scanning before and during chemotherapy. The follow-ups were done to investigate the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) of these patients. During 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT scans, the MTV and TLG were recorded. Meanwhile, ∆MTV and ∆TLG were calculated. On the other hand, the mid-chemotherapy assessment and staging of these 31 patients were done by utilizing D-5PS. Subsequently, based on the D-5PS scores obtained, these patients were grouped into two categories: a group of patients with a score of <4 and another group with ≥4. For these two groups of patients, the survival analysis was done by Kaplan–Meier analysis and a multivariate COX regression model. Moreover, Pearson's chi-square test (χ2 test) and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used to comparing the collected data, respectively.Results During the two-year follow-up period, 15 out of the 31 patients experienced disease progression. The optimal threshold values for both baseline MTV and TLG were 158.16 cm 3 and 677.40.Additionally, the difference in 2-year PFS between the progressive and non-progressive groups was statistically significant (χ2=8.193, P=0.004<0.05; χ2=8.872, P=0.003<0.05), significant between-group difference was detected for MTV and for TLG (χ2=6.494, P=0.011<0.05; χ2=4.687, P=0.03<0.05). When these patients were classified into two groups according to the mid-chemotherapy Deauville score of<4 and ≥4, the statistical difference of 2-year PFS between these two groups was significant, too (χ2=14.966, P=0.001<0.05), but there is no significant between-group difference in OS (χ2=3.337, P=0.068<0.05). COX analysis revealed that D-5PS are the independent factors influencing PFS, while MTV is the independent influencing factor of OS.Conclusion In conclusion, the baseline MTV obtained by PET-CT scanning, and D-5PS are crucial prognostic factors in evaluating the prognosis of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma-Not Otherwise Specified (PTCL-NOS).
Background Insect Herbivory in Riparian Poplar Forests: the Role of Local, Landscape, and Regional Factors
Authors: Wang Binli , Tian Chengming , Liang Yingmei , Liu Dongping
Published: January 2021

BackgroundForest management and landscape structure have long been considered as the main drivers of insect herbivory in forest landscapes, but relatively little is known about how ecological factors acting at local, landscape and regional scales shape background insect herbivory under natural conditions. Here, 90 primeval and managed poplar stands were sampled in riparian forests along the rivers in the Eastern part and the Western part of North China. We measured defoliation intensity of insect herbivores within forest stands in transects at near, intermediate and far distance from the rivers. We assessed the effects of region, landscape isolation, forest management, stand position, vegetation cover, and tree size on defoliation intensity. We also explored indirect effects of region and forest management on insect herbivory via changes in stand-level tree size and vegetation cover. ResultsDefoliation intensity increased with landscape-scale forest isolation and decreased with distance from forest stand to the river regardless of stand type. Defoliation intensity was higher in primeval stands than in managed poplar stands, but this difference only significant in the Eastern part of North China. Tree height varied among two regions and between primeval and managed stands. Defoliation intensity was strongly correlated with tree height and vegetation cover. But the effects of region and forest management on defoliation intensity were only partly explained by tree size and vegetation cover. Conclusions﻿These results indicate that background insect herbivory can be driven by ecological factors at different scales and offer an insight into the impact of man-made changes along a gradient of landscape isolation in forest ecosystems. Our findings provide a multi-scale perspective to improve potential control strategies and risk assessment of insect damage on riparian forests in real-world situations.
The Presentation of Multiple Perforations in the Small Bowel as Cytomegalovirus Related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in an HIV-infected Patient: a Case Report
Authors: Yanli Wang , Lin Xuyong , Li Yuji , Wen Ying
Published: January 2021

Background: Multiple perforations in the small bowel as cytomegalovirus (CMV) related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient is very rare. Up to now, only five IRIS-associated cases including our case were reported. We performed pathological examination, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), CMV and immune cells immunohistochemical staining for rapid diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Case presentation: We describe a case with multiple perforations in the small bowel as CMV related IRIS in an HIV-infected patient. The patient appeared multiple perforations in the small bowel after 26 days of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. Partial resection and surgical repair of small intestine were performed. CMV enteritis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining and other opportunistic infections were excluded by mNGS. However, he died from intestinal obstruction and septic shock at 55 days after surgery. Conclusions: Perforations due to CMV related IRIS are very rare, and usually lack the prodromal period symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea. It is not easily foreseen and appears shortly after ART. The condition of intestinal perforations is lethal, and early identification and surgical treatment are lifesaving.
Can the Body Slope of Interference Screw Affect Initial Stability of Reconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament?: In-vitro Investigation
Authors: Daneshvarhashjin Nazanin , Chizari Mahmoud , Mortazavi SM Javad , Rouhi Gholamreza
Published: January 2021

Background Superior biomechanical performance of tapered interference screws, in regard to reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), compared with non-tapered screws, has been reported in the literature. However, the effect of tapered interference screw’s body slope on the initial stability of ACL is not studied yet. Thus, the main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of interference screw's body slope on the initial stability of the reconstructed ACL. Methods Based on the best screw-bone tunnel diameter ratios in non-tapered screws, two different tapered interference screw were designed and fabricated. The diameters of both screws were considered to be equal to bone tunnel diameter in one third of their length from screw tip, then they were gradually increased by 1mm, in the lower slope (LSTIS), and 2 mm, in the higher slope (HSTIS) screws. To simulate the ACL reconstruction, sixteen soft tissue grafts were fixed, using HSTIS and LSTIS, in synthetic bone blocks. Through applying sub-failure cyclic incremental tensile load, graft-bone-screw construct's stiffness and graft laxity in each cycle, and through applying subsequent step of loading graft to the failure, maximum load to failure, and graft’s mode of failure were determined. Accordingly, performance of the fabricated interference screws were compared with each other. Results HSTIS, compared to LSTIS, provides a greater graft-bone-screw construct stiffness, and a lower graft laxity. Moreover, transverse rupture of graft fibers for LSTIS, and necking of graft in HSTIS group were the major types of grafts' failure. ConclusionHSTIS compared to LSTIS, by causing less damage in graft's fibers; reducing graft laxity; and increasing fixation stability, better replicates the intact ACL's behavior.
Sensitivity and Concurrent validity of the Japanese Version of the Euthymia Scale: A Clinimetric Analysis
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Carrozzino Danilo , Nishi Daisuke
Published: January 2021

Background: The present study was conducted to examine the clinimetric sensitivity of the Japanese version of the Euthymia Scale (ES-J). The concurrent validity of the ES-J was also tested.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to determine the presence of past or current major depressive episodes (MDE). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were performed to examine the concurrent validity of the ES-J. At the same time, its clinimetric sensitivity was evaluated using both the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multivariate regression models. Results: A total of 1030 eligible participants completed the survey. The ES-J differentiated healthy subjects from those with a past or current history of MDE, subjects with current MDE from those with sub-threshold symptoms of depression, and healthy participants from subjects with moderate to severe symptoms of psychological distress. The associations between the ES-J and measures of psychological well-being, resilience, life satisfaction, and social support were significantly positive. A negative relationship between the ES-J and measures of psychological distress was also found. Limitations: The main limitations included utilizing the cross-sectional design, excluding Item Response Theory analyses, using the population-based sample, and using only self-reported online questionnaires.Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that the ES-J is a valid and highly sensitive clinimetric index, which can be used as a screening measure in the clinical process of assessment of recovery, particularly when symptoms are expected to be mild and/or when dealing with subclinical symptoms of psychological distress and depression.
Comparative Efficacy of Intraoperative Extracorporeal Irradiated and Alcohol Inactivated Autograft Reimplantation in Management of Osteosarcomas– A Multicentre Retrospective Study.
Authors: Xu Meitao , Xu Ming , Zhang Shuai , Li Hanqing , AI Qiuchi , Yu Xiuchun , wang xuquan
Published: January 2021

Background: The biologic bone reconstruction in the treatment of malignant bone tumours for the limb salvage surgery has always been a controversial strategie. Vary inactivation methods, convenient, stable, curative effect and economy need to be considered. This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy between intraoperative extracorporeal irradiated and alcohol inactivated autograft reimplantation methods for limb salvage surgery with osteosarcomas. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 28 patients with osteosarcomas, 14 patients treated with intraoperative cobalt 60 irradiation and reimplantation treatment (Group A), 14 patients treated by alcohol-inactivated autograft reimplantation (Group B). The postoperative complications and clinical efficacy was compared by statistical analysis. Results: The local recurrence rate was 14.3% in each group. Complete bony union was achieved in 64.3% in group A and 71.4% in group B. The overall 5-year survival rate was 71.4% in group A and 78.6% in group B. The mean MSTS score was 25.33 ± 4.72 (range 15–30 ) in group A and 24.00 ± 5.85 (range 15–30 ) in group B. The mean ISOLS score was 25.79 ± 5.13 (range 20–36 ) in group A and 26.14 ± 5.33 (range 20–30 ) in group B. P < 0.05 was considered to indicate a significant difference, there was no difference in the long-term clinical efficacy between the extracorporeal irradiation and alcohol-inactivated methods.Conclusions: For limb salvage surgery with osteosarcomas, either intraoperative extracorporeal irradiation or alcohol-inactivated autograft repimlantation had equivalent outcomes for biological reconstruction. The alcohol-inactivated technology could be a much more convenient and cheap treatment to reconstruct bone defects. Additional studies and more case studies are needed to fully evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the alcohol-inactivated surgical approach.
Exogenous L-carnitine a meliorated burn-induced cellular and mitochondrial injuries of hepatocytes via recovering CPT1 activity
Authors: Li Pengtao , Xia Zhengguo , Kong Weichang , Wang Qiong , Zhao Ziyue , Ashley Arnold , Xu Jiegou , Xu Qinglian
Published: January 2021

Background : Impaired liver fatty acid metabolism and persistent mitochondrial dysfunction are common phenomena and associated with liver failure. Decreased serum L-carnitine, a vitamin involved in fatty-acid and energy metabolisms, has been reported in severe burn patients. The current research aimed to study the effects and mechanism of L-carnitine on mitochondrial damage and other hepatocytic injuries. Methods : Serum carnitine and indicators for hepatocytic injuries including AST, ALT, LDH, TG and OCT in severe burn patients and healthy controls were analyzed. The burn model in rats was established by skin scalding, and the carnitine was administered to the rats. The indicators mentioned above in the serum, and oil red staining, TUNEL staining and TEM observation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and CPT1 activity as well as CPT1 expression of the liver tissue were examined. HepG2 cells, treated with the CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir, were supplied with/without carnitine for 24h. The indicators mentioned above were examined, and apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Transcriptom high throughput sequencing of the rat liver tissues was performed, and differentially expressed genes Fabp4, Acacb, Acsm5 and Pnpla3 were further determined by RT-qPCR. Results : Significantly decreased carnitine and increased AST, ALT, LDH and OCT in the serum were detected in the severe burn patients and the scalded rats. Accumulation of TG, obvious mitochondrial shrinking, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ketogenesis and declined CPT1 activity were found in the liver tissue of the scalded rats. Administration of carnitine recovered CPT1 activity and improved all the parameters for cellular, fatty acid metabolic and mitochondrial injuries. Inhibition of CPT1 activity with etomoxir in vitro induced similar hepatocytic injuries found in the burn patients and the scalded rats, and supplementation of carnitine restored CPT1 activity and ameliorated these injuries. Differentially expressed genes Fabp4, Acacb, Acsm5 and Pnpla3 in the liver tissue and in the etomoxir-treated hepatocytes were also restored by exogenous carnitine. Conclusion : Exogenous carnitine exerts its protective effect on severe burn-induced cellular, fatty-acid metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction of the hepatocytes via restore of CPT1 activity.
miR-548ac Inhibit Wnt5a Expression and Promotes Proliferation of Glioma Cells through the AKT/ERK Pathway
Authors: Shan Wen , Li Haonan , Lu Xu , Wu Xuting , Zhang Xinhua
Published: January 2021

Background

Glioma is one of the most frequently occurring and lethal primary malignant tumors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly identified modulator involved in the formation and progression of glioma.
Methods

Stable knockdown or over-expression of miR-548ac in U87 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells was used to explore the function of miR-548ac in the expression of Wnt5a. Luciferase reporter constructs were used to investigate the correlation between Wnt5a expression and miR-548ac. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, Transwell assays, colony formation assays and flow cytometry were used to investigate the functions of Wnt5a and miR-548ac in glioma. Xenograft experiments were used to evaluate tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Western blotting was used to assess the function of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Results

miR-548ac overexpression down-regulated the proliferation, migration and invasion of GBM cells. In addition, knockdown of miR-548ac promoted expression of Wat5a, a direct target of miR-548ac, which plays an oncogenic role in glioblastoma stem cells. Reduced Wan5a expression partially rescued the miR-548ac-induced enhancement of GBM cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis revealed that high miR-548ac expression was associated with poor prognosis of patients with GBM.
Conclusions

miR-548ac suppresses GBM progression by targeting Wan5a. The miR-548ac/Wnt5a axis may be a new potential strategy for glioma therapy.
The associations among individual factors, eHealth literacy, depression symptoms and health related quality of life among Chinese elderly: a cross-section study
Authors: Zhu Xinhong , Yang Fen
Published: January 2021

Background: The higher level of eHealth literacy the elderly has, the easier it is to acquire benefits of health-seeking information online. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) and examine the associations of eHEALS scores with depression, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lifestyles among the elderly. Methods: A survey of 6183 participants (age 60 years and above) from 17 communities were conducted in June, 2019. Participants answered questions related to socio-demographics, eHEALS, geriatric depression scale and the short-form health survey (SF-36, assessing health-related quality of life). Two mediation models were conducted. A multi-linear regression analysis was performed to explore the association between the eHEALS scores and associated factors using Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0. Significance was obtained at 95% CI and P < 0.05.Results: Exploratory factor analysis identified one component structure, accounting for 78.52% of the total variance. The factor loadings of eHEALS ranked from 0.832 to 0.905. The Cronbach α of overall scale was 0.961. eHEALS was significant higher in men (B = 0.616, 95%CI 0.235~0.997, P = 0.002), those with living in the city (B = 1.471, 95%CI 1.064~1.878, P < 0.000), those with high educated (B = 1.713, 95%CI 1.581~1.844, P < 0.000), and those with living with family (B = 6.436, 95%CI 4.574~8.298, P < 0.000), as compared to their counterparts, respectively. Moreover, chronic diseases (B = -2.218, 95%CI -2.632~-1.804, P < 0.000) and depression symptoms (B = -0.116, 95%CI 0.153~0.078, P < 0.000) were found negatively associated with eHEALS, while actively obtaining health information positively influenced eHEALS (B = 3.350, 95%CI 2.950~3.749, P < 0.000) after adjusting socio-demographics, lifestyles and HRQoL. Furthermore, depression symptoms had direct and indirect effects on HRQoL, as mediated by eHealth literacy.Conclusions: The eHEALS was a valid and reliable survey tool. As eHealth literacy was a protector for the aged, efforts to improve the older adults’ eHEALS scores can help to main health status. Therefore, healthcare providers formulate effective programs to improve eHealth literacy for the elderly, which can bring benefits for health aging.
Big Data Analytics & Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Authors: KUMAR PRANJAL , Chauhan Siddhartha
Published: January 2021

Big data analysis and Artificial Intelligence have received significant attention recently in creating more opportunities in the health sector for aggregating or collecting large-scale data. Today, our genomes and microbiomes can be sequenced i.e., all information exchanged between physicians and patients in Electronic Health Records (EHR) can be collected and traced at least theoretically. Social media and mobile devices today obviously provide many health-related data regarding activity, diets, social contacts, and so on. However, it is increasingly difficult to use this information to answer health questions and, in particular, because the data comes from various domains and lives in different infrastructures and of course it also is very variable quality. The massive collection and aggregation of personal data come with a number of ethical policy, methodological, technological challenges. It should be acknowledged that large-scale clinical evidence remains to confirm the promise of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in health care. This paper explores the complexities of big data & artificial intelligence in healthcare as well as the benefits and prospects.
Dietary Quality Indices Modify the Effects of Apolipoprotein B Polymorphisms on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Karimi Elmira , Sotoudeh Gity , Rafiee Masoumeh , Koohdani Fariba
Published: January 2021

Background: We tried to identify the interaction between dietary quality indices and apolipoprotein B Ins/Del and EcoR1 polymorphisms on cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 700 adults with T2DM who visited diabetes referral centers in Tehran. The genotypes of Ins/Del and EcoR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were explored via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dietary quality index-international (DQI-I), healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) were calculated by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Lipid, inflammatory, oxidative, hormonal and anthropometric variables were determined by standard methods. Results: We observed a significant interaction between DQI-I and Ins/Del SNP on leptin (P= 0.02 for crude model and P=0.01 for adjusted model (for age, physical activity, gender, smoking and alcohol intake) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 α (8-iso-PGF2α) (P=0.01 for both models), DPI and EcoR1 SNP on total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.03 for both models) and between Ins/Del SNP and HEI-2015 on interleukin-18 (IL-18) (P= 0.02 for crude model and P=0.03 for adjusted model). Furthermore, in crude but not in adjusted model there were close to meaningful interactions between EcoR1 SNP and DQI-I on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P=0.06) and between EcoR1 SNP and HEI-2015 on serum leptin (P=0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p=0.05) levels. Conclusion: For the first time, our finding indicated that the association between DQI-I, HEI-2015 and DPI with IL-18, TC, leptin and 8-iso-PGF2α in patients with T2DM might be dependent on Ins/Del and EcoR1 variants in ApoB gene.
Whistleblowing für das Weltklima
Authors: Thommen Marc , Mattmann Jascha
Published: January 2021

Das Weltklima ist bedroht und die Politik bleibt untätig. KlimaaktivistInnen sind deshalb dazu übergegangen, mit spektakulären Protestaktionen auf die Folgen des Klimawandels aufmerksam zu machen, etwa indem sie am 22. November 2018 in einer Lausanner Credit-Suisse-Filiale Tennis gespielt haben. Damit sollten die klimaschädlichen Investitionen der Bank publik gemacht werden. Die Autoren zeigen auf, dass ein solcher Hausfriedensbruch zwar nicht über einen «Klima-Notstand» gerechtfertigt, dieses Whistleblowing für das Weltklima aber dennoch entschuldigt werden kann.
Legal regulation of surrogacy in Ukraine and the United States of
America
Authors: Reznik O. M , Ishchukova A. E.
Published: January 2021

In this article, the authors investigated the regulatory acts and laws governing surrogacy in Ukraine. The concept of “surrogacy” was also considered and the absence of fixing of this term at the legislative level was established. In addition, it was determined that the necessary condition for the implementation of the method of surrogacy is the genetic link of the spouse or one of the couples with an unborn child. It follows that the surrogate mother should not be genetically related to the child. However, the legislator doesn’t prohibit bearing the pregnancy of close relatives of future parents (sister, mother, aunt, cousin, etc.). This work also focuses on the definition of the legal nature of the contract concluded between the surrogate mother and the infertile couple for artificial insemination by the method of surrogacy. As a result, this agreement is similar to the civil service agreement. The publication also analyzes the state registration procedure for a newborn baby that was born using the method of surrogacy. The peculiarity of the procedure for registering a newborn baby conceived in this way is the presence of a certificate and statement. The certificate proves the genetic link of the baby with the couple. The statement is given by the surrogate mother to recognize the spouse as the child’s parents. Much attention is paid to the experience of regulating surrogacy in the United States. The country does not have a single codified law on artificial insemination by surrogacy. Each state decides in what manner, in what order, and under what conditions it is possible to resort to this type of assisted reproductive technology. The conclusions provide suggestions for resolving problems that may arise while using the method of surrogacy. Also the possibility of improving current legislation on the legal regulation of this procedure by borrowing from foreign experience.

Keywords: surrogacy, legal regulation, surrogate mother, assisted reproductive technologies, married couple, contract.
TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES AMONG THE GYNECOLOGISTS REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF PERINATAL MATERNAL ORAL HEALTH IN DETERMINING THE FUTURE DENTAL HEALTH OF THE CHILD
Authors: Peter Joby , S. Vijai , Kumar Krishna , Mary Augustin Tinet
Published: January 2021

Background: Perinatal and infant oral health should be considered as the foundation of Pediatric preventive oral health care. A proper perinatal oral health care guidance provided by Gynecologists during the time of pregnancy can help an expectant mother to improve or maintain good oral health status and thereby reduce the complications that can be associated with poor oral health in the mother and can indirectly dictate the future oral health and general health of her child. Gynecologists who are aware about the infectious nature of the oral microbes and the effect of discrete periods or windows of inoculation should instruct the mother about the higher risk of developing dental caries in their children by the modification of maternal dental flora using proper perinatal preventive programs. Aim:To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Gynecologists of Central Kerala about the importance of early oral health care for children. Materials and methods:A questionnaire based cross sectional survey was conducted among 200 Gynecologists from Ernakulam and Thrissur district, Central Kerala, India. After obtaining the consent and explaining the nature of the study, a single investigator distributed the questionnaire among the randomly selected participants and requested to answer within 15-30 minutes. The answered sheets were collected back on the same day itself. Result: A statistical evaluation using the Chi-square was done to evaluate the homogeneity of the respondents and one way ANOVA to evaluate the influence of study parameters on categorical scale. Mean percentage score of each category was evaluated. The result showed that the Gynecologists had a good attitude towards child oral health related topics but a less score was obtained for the knowledge and practice category. Conclusion:Majority of the participants from the study advocated the need of improving their knowledge regarding the child health related topics in future to fill their knowledge gap so that they can effectively devote time and effort to inspect oral health of the child. Gynecologists preferred CME(Continuing medical education) and their respective journals for the purpose. An improvement in the multidisciplinary approach of Pedodontists was advocated to implement a positive attitude among these contributors so that they can perform preventive measures in the most effective and efficient way to nurture a caries free smile in a childs future.
FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS OF MUGIL CEPHALUS (LINNE, 1758) FROM GRAND-LAHOU LAGOON (COTE DIVOIRE)
Authors:   Formation Unit and Research of Biological Sciences, Departement of Animal Biology, University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly of Korhogo BP 1328 Korhogo, Cote dIvoire., Kone Tiehoua , Kessia Fokouo Kouakou Irene ,   Formation Unit and Research of Biological Sciences, Departement of Animal Biology, University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly of Korhogo BP 1328 Korhogo, Cote dIvoire., Kadjo Vincent ,   Formation Unit and Research of Biological Sciences, Departement of Animal Biology, University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly of Korhogo BP 1328 Korhogo, Cote dIvoire., Nda Konan ,   University Nangui Abrogoua, Formation Unit and Research of Nature Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Animal Cytology, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire.
Published: January 2021

Mugil cephalus is a permanent and abundant fish species in coastal, estuarine or lagoon ecosystems. This species was sampled in the lagoon of Grand-Lahou (Cote dIvoire) for the study of its diet and its feeding ethology. Stomachs were removed and their contents identified using identification keys to determine the diet. 88 specimens of M. cephalus were examined for food and feeding habits. 42 (47.72%) of the fish had empty stomach. Analysis of stomach contents showed that phytoplankton is the most consumed with a numerical percentage of occurrence of 94.98% (Cyanobacteria, Chlorophytes, Diatoms) and a percentage of occurrence is 64.9%. The proportion of zooplankton is 4.98% (cladocerans, copepods, foraminifera, rotifers and nematodes) according to the numerical percentage and 18.77% according to the frequency of occurrence. Detritus has an occurrence percentage of 8.43 %. Diet is mainly composed of diatom.
PREVALENCE OF BULIMIA NERVOSA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, Consultant Family Medicine, Family Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah., Abdulaziz Murad Manal , abdulhadi Al-Khify Hanyah ,   Obestetric & Gynecology Consultant, Althaghor Hospital, Head of ob/gyn Department Mch Azizya, Jeddah - Saudi Arabia., Jehad Abousada Hoda ,   King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Obstetrics And Gynecology, Jeddah, 21159, Sa., Mohammed Harazi Najwan ,   Jazan University, Jazan, Ksa Applied Human Nutrition Resources., aedh Alghamdi Naif ,   Al-Baha University, Al Baha, Ksawriting - Original Draft, Intern Doctor., Ibrahim Almuashi Reem ,   Umm Al Qura University, Al Qunfudah, Ksa Methodology, Intern Doctor., Saleh Alghamdi Khalid ,   King Fahad Hospital In Al Baha, Ksa Investigation Intern Doctor., Abdulrahman Zamzama Matuq ,   General Physician, King Abdulaziz General Hospital, Jeddah, Ksa., Hashim Farran Eman ,   Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, Ksa., Mohammed Alruways Fahad ,   Shaqra University, Ksa., Kamal Salim Heba ,   General Physician, King Abdulaziz University, Ksa., Attyatullah albeladi Adel ,   General Physician, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, Ksa., Mahdi Nahari Nora ,   General Physician, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, Ksa.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The study examines the prevalence of Bulimia nervosa in students at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia.Bulimia nervosaisan eating disorder characterized by consumption of large amounts of food by an individual followed by an attempt such as self-induced vomiting, long periods of exercising, and diuretics to avoid gaining weight. Patients and Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey among King Abdulaziz University students in Saudi Arabia. A sample of 499 comprising 357 females and 142 males was randomly selectedparticipantsÃƒÂƒÃ‚ÂƒÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â‚ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â‚ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â”the age of the sample population aged between 20 to over 55 years. The participants filled questionnaires about eating behavior, smoking, body image, and psychiatrist disorders. The height and weight of the sample population were taken, and their BMI was established. Results: Based on our statistics, the prevalence of bulimia nervosa among the male was 0.3%, and that of the female was 1.4%. Extra observation revealed that those with mild or severe disorders were equally susceptible to depression and mood swing problems. The prevalence of Bulimia nervosa based on ages showed 80/50000 at 10 -30 years and 145/50000 at 31 ÃƒÂƒÃ‚ÂƒÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â‚ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â‚ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â“ 80 years. The clinically prescribed healing period was idealized to be one year. Conclusion:The results show a comparatively high rate of BN among young people aged between 20 and 25, as reflected among King Abdulaziz University students in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, there is a need to increase public awareness about BN and other eating disorders in Saudi Arabia.
PREVALENCE OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Authors:   Consultant pediatric nephrology, East jeddah Hospital , KSA., Alrasheedy Mariam , Jehad Abousada Hoda ,   Obstetrics & Gynecology Physician, KSA., Abdulelah Alsayed Raghad ,   Resident , Ohod Hospital , Madinah, KSA., Abdullah Alghamdi Khalid ,   Intern + Baha University, Baha, KSA., Dhyefallah Alghamdi Fayez ,   Intern + Baha University, Baha, KSA., Faisal Al Muaibid Abdullah ,   Intern + Baha University, Baha, KSA., Ghassan Ajjaj Refal ,   Student , ISNC, Jeddah., Salem Almohammadi Seham ,   Intern + KFH, Jeddah, KSA., Salem Almohammadi Sarah ,   Intern + KFH, Jeddah , KSA., Adnan Alfitni Wajd ,   Intern + Batterjee Medical College, jeddah, ksa., Mohamed Homsi Abdulrahman ,   Intern + Uqu University, mecca, KSA., Majed Alshelawi Meqbel ,   Intern, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland., Ali Alshamrani Hassan ,   Intern, Taif University, Taif, KSA., Abdulatif Tashkandi Abdulrauf ,   Intern + Taif University., Attiah Alsamiri Salihah ,   Medical Student, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.
Published: January 2021

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disorder in childhood. Early identification and appropriate antibiotic use are essential to avoid long-term sequels. The trial objective is to identify the prevalence of URI in children, and the risk factors. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the Saudi Arabia, from April 4th. 2020 till July 30th. 2020. The sample was randomly selected from children who presented to the ministry of health tertiary hospitals. People answered a survey of 10 questionnaires. Results:1083 people participated in the current trial. The prevalence of UTI was 25.8%. The mean age was 4.5 - 5 years. UTI was commoner in females than males. Urethritis was the main presenting complaint. Western region was the commonest identified area. Those with multivitamin deficiency had the highest prevalence. Conclusion: UTI is not a very common problem for children in Saudi Arabia. Western region had the highest prevalence and the peak age ranged from 4.5 to 5 years. Additionally, nearly a sixth of children could develop severe/complicated UTI.
Management of relations with enterprise stakeholders based on value approach
Authors: Pererva Petro , Kobielieva Tetiana , Tkасhovа Nаdеzhdа , Tkachov Maxim , Diachenko Tetiana
Published: January 2021

Significant transformations in economic relations and increased competition have posed enterprises with extremely complex tasks in the field of corporate governance. Mainly it concerns the systems of corporate governance, in which the principles of vertical organization are losing relevance, and the effectiveness of management largely depends on the balance of interests of participants (stakeholders) who can actively influence the production and commercial policy of the enterprise to distribute its resources in their favor.The study aims to develop proposals to ensure the effective interaction of the enterprise with stakeholders, based on establishing an optimal balance of material (value) interests, allowing achieving a reduction of risks that threaten the development of the enterprise.Thus, it was proposed to determine the total value of the commercial results of the enterprise, taking into account the real contribution, which is provided by the relations with one or another stakeholder. A similar approach is implemented to determine the share of the value of the corresponding stakeholder, which is ensured by its relationship with this enterprise. In addition to the value of the enterprise itself, the proposed models explicitly determine the value benefits of stakeholders and disclose a list of the main controlling factors: the volumes of resources supplied and consumed by the parties, their relative values, the structure of resource flows, etc.As an example, using the developed recommendations, the circle of the most influential stakeholders of the Ukrainian enterprise – PJSC KhTP – was studied. This approach allows an industrial enterprise to rank stakeholders by value, to analyze the dynamics of the structure and parameters of material and financial resources flows of the enterprise and its stakeholders.
Görme Yetersizliğinden Etkilenmiş Çocuklar İle Gören Çocukların Duygu İfadelerine Verdikleri Tepkilerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ÇOTUK Hale , ÖZDEMİR Selda
Published: January 2021

Giriş: Yüz ifadeleri insanlar arasında duygu alışverişini sağlamaktadır. Bu araştırmada görme yetersizliği olan ve gören çocukların oyun sırasında akranın sergilediği mutlu ve üzgün duygu ifadelerine verdikleri tepkiler karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir.Yöntem: Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 4-6 yaş aralığında 20 görme yetersizliği olan çocuk (10 az gören, 10 ağır görme yetersizliğinden etkilenen) ve 20 gören çocuk oluşturmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında, mutlu ve üzgün duygu durum bağlamları oluşturularak akranların mutlu ve üzgün duygu ifadelerini yansıtmaları sağlanmıştır. Akranının sergilediği duygu ifadelerine yönelik görme yetersizliği olan ve gören çocukların verdikleri duygu tepkileri gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırmada, katılımcı çocukların mutlu ve üzgün duygu ifadeleri tepkileri Görmezden Gelme, Fiziksel Yakınlık, Uyumlu Tepki, Dikkati Dağıtma, Tepki Vermeden Dikkatini Yöneltme, Uyumsuz Tepki ve Fiziksel Heyecan Tepkisi kategorilerinde kodlanmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmanın bulguları, görme yetersizliği olan çocuklar ile gören çocukların duygu ifadelerine verdikleri tepkiler arasında farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular görme yetersizliği olan çocukların duygu durumlarında gören akranlarına oranla daha fazla görmezden gelme davranışları sergilediklerini göstermiştir. Tartışma: Araştırmada çocukların mutlu ve üzgün duygu ifadelerine verdikleri tepkiler incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları tartışılmış, ileri araştırmalara yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Experimental score assessment of the clinical course of infected cornal burn in treatment by various methods
Authors: Yarmamedov Dmitry M. , Lipatov Vyacheslav A. , Medvedeva Marina V. , Yarmamedova Oksana M.
Published: January 2021

According to WHO data, nowadays at least 2.2 billion people worldwide currently have visual impairment or blindness, of which more than 11.9 million people worldwide have moderate to severe irreversible visual impairment that could be prevented. Objective: to assess the clinical course of a standard infected corneal burn during treatment using combined ophthalmic medicinal films levofloxacin + dexpanthenol and dexamethasone + dexpanthenol from a comparative perspective. Materials and methods. The article investigates the pharmacological activity of five different drug regimens for the treatment of an infected corneal burn in rabbits. Treatment of the first wave began 1 hour after the formation of a standard infected corneal burn. Treatment of the second wave began after the absence of signs of an inflammatory reaction was detected. The clinical course of the standard infected corneal burn was assessed immediately after the formation of the burn and the infection, 1 hour, 2, 3, 5 and 14 days after the experiment started. Results. Clinical recovery began on the 3rd day in experimental group 2 treated with combined ophthalmic medicinal films of levofloxacin 1.5 mg + dexpanthenol 1 p/day. On the 5th day of the experiment, recovery was recorded in the experimental group 1 treated with 1.5 mg levofloxacin-based eye films once a day, as well as in comparison group 2 treated with 0.5% levofloxacin 4 times a day and 5% dexpanthenol 6 times a day. On the 7th day after the formation of a standard infected corneal burn, clinical recovery was recorded in comparison group 1 treated with instillations of levofloxacin 0.5% 4 times a day. In the control group with placebo treatment no conjunctiva inflammatory reaction was recorded on the 14th day of the experiment, however, there was persistent corneal opacity in the form of a spot at the burn site. Conclusions. While treating a standard infected corneal burn, the use of combined ophthalmic medicinal films can shorten the clinical recovery period to 3 days, in comparison with treatment with instillations, where recovery occurred on the 5th day of the experiment.
Identifying diverging sustainability meanings for water policy: a Q-method study in Phoenix, Arizona
Authors: Iribarnegaray M. A. , Sullivan A. , Rodriguez-Alvarez M. S. , Brannstrom C. , Seghezzo L. , White D. D.
Published: January 2021

We identify and describe social perspectives on the sustainability of the water sector in the metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona. Using Q methodology, we find evidence for different meanings of sustainability when stakeholders are presented with concrete policy options and applications in spite of an apparently widespread agreement on the concept of sustainability itself. We put the social perspectives articulated by local stakeholders in perspective by analyzing whether they adhere to a commonly used set of sustainability principles when applied to water management and governance. The analysis indicates that although there is some level of acceptance of sustainability principles among the social perspectives identified, there are important discrepancies in the salience of different principles. Results suggest that when people are interacting in policy-making processes they tend to support their previously held own vision of the problems and that their normative considerations may be opposed to broadly accepted sustainability discourses. The different visions of water sustainability may have a direct impact on the water policy-making process depending on the position and influence of the actors involved in the governance scheme.
Studi Komunikasi Pelayanan Publik Pemerintah Kota Mataram Melalui Implementasi Aplikasi LAPOR!
Authors: Aulia Rahmi Hilda , RL Teluma Aurelius , Purbathin Hadi Agus
Published: January 2021

Layanan Aspirasi dan Pengaduan Online Rakyat (LAPOR) merupakan layanan pengaduan berbasis teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang diberikan pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi komunikasi pelayanan publik Pemerintah Kota Mataram melalui penggunaan aplikasi LAPOR!. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari hasil studi dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam pada pejabat pemerintah kota Mataram yang berwenang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi aplikasi LAPOR! di Kota Mataram telah sejalan dengan prinsip E-Government, yakni meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik dalam hal kinerja efektivitas dan efisiensi yang diberikan oleh pemerintah kepada masyarakat. Pelayanan publik Pemerintah Kota Mataram melalui penggunaan aplikasi LAPOR! dapat mempermudah masyarakat dalam memberikan aspirasi dan pengaduan kepada pemerintah. Pemerintah dan masyarakat dapat bertukar posisi menjadi komunikator dan komunikan selama masih ada feedback dan dapat mencapai kesepakatan bersama seperti kepuasan masyarakat terhadap tindaklanjut dari pemerintah.