bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of digitalization in the development of socio-economic systems
Authors: Arsakaev Ilyas , Khatsieva Larisa
Published: May 2021

The digitalization of the economy and the transformation of socio-economic processes corresponding to these changes presupposes an increase in innovative activity in the regions. The problem of introducing digital technologies into the processes of socio-economic systems is the use of ineffective incentive tools. To solve this problem, it is necessary to study the functioning of socio-economic systems, in particular, the interaction of participants in the innovation infrastructure within the framework of digitalization. The digital economy sets the vector along which socio-economic systems of micro, meso, macro levels will develop in the long term, which necessitates research and a comprehensive analysis of digital transformation processes.
Digital tools for determining the cadastral valuation for the sustainable development of the region
Authors: Sternik Sergey , Gareev Ilnur , Akhmetgaliev Timur
Published: May 2021

This article studies digital information databases and aggregators of the real estate market as tools for the correct determination of the real estate cadastral value for the purpose of sustainable development of regions. An overview of foreign studies and software products in the framework of determining the real estate cadastral value of objects is presented. The author shows the statistics of challenging the cadastral value in Russia, including a specific example, as well as analyzed the reports on the determination of the cadastral value for the presence of the use of information databases and aggregators of the real estate market. As a result of the study, the author’s ideas for filling and using the information database of real estate objects were proposed in order to correctly determine the real estate cadastral value of objects.
Digitalization of the Russian Federation’s economy in the context of global transformation: problems and development prospects
Authors: Orzkhanova Maryam , Hubolov Sakhadin , Polyakova Esma
Published: May 2021

The article examines the problems and prospects for the development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation in the context of global transformation. It is obvious that the use of digital technologies in the economic sphere is one of the key indicators of the development of a modern state. The processes of introducing digital technologies are accompanied by technological, economic and legal problems, the solution of which requires government intervention. These circumstances determine the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems and assess the prospects for the development of digitalization of the Russian economy, as well as develop recommendations for increasing the efficiency of digitalization of the Russian economy and accelerating the pace of implementation of digital technologies, which will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the Russian Federation in the world community. The process of digitalization of the economy depends on many factors, the analysis of which will determine the prospects for further development.
Assessment of the resource efficiency of the gas industry in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Vazhenina Larisa , Cibulsky Vladimir
Published: May 2021

In the study, within the framework of the concept of sustainable development, a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of resource efficiency based on an integral indicator is proposed as a predictive tool. The resource-efficient forecast is carried out through the implementation of the gas industry companies ’ own development strategies. This set of indicators in assessing resource efficiency allows you to identify the segments of gas production, processing and transportation and assess their contribution to the overall resource efficiency of the gas industry. To identify the impact of resource-efficient development of each segment of the industry on the socioeconomic system of the territory. Identify areas and develop measures to improve the resource efficiency of gas companies and the economic security of the country as a whole.
The choice of indicators for monitoring financial regulation of sustainable development of agricultural regions: the example of Ukraine
Authors: Tulush Leonid , Radchenko Oksana , Hryshchenko Olena
Published: May 2021

The influence of a group of indicators on the integral assessment of the state of agrarian regions for improving the financial mechanisms for regulating sustainable rural development has been investigated. The goal is to identify the relationship between the level of economic growth (growth in agricultural GDP, GVA per employee, income per community resident) and the amount of resources that are financed from the budgets. The empirical study was carried out on the basis of panel data formed for a sample of individual indicators of the rating of regional development of Ukraine for 2017-2019. The nature of the distribution of the studied variables was determined by calculating the correlation coefficients. Based on the results, a relationship was established between the indices: budget financing and gross production - 63%; budget financing and integral production index - 58%; income of rural budgets and profit of agricultural production - 38%. It is recommended to reduce direct agricultural subsidies, increase the allocation of funds for social development, and finance the most effective programs in order to ensure sustainable development of rural regions. To monitor the process of the effectiveness of financial regulation, it is proposed to use production, economic and social indicators in conjunction with the integral, which will become a more reliable basis for the distribution of budgetary allocations for agricultural and social development in Ukraine.
Institutional environment for the development of the sharing economy
Authors: Simchenko Nataliia , Nagornyi Stas
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to studying prerequisites for the formation of the institutional environment of the economy of joint consumption in the current digital environment. From the standpoint of institutional theory, the institutional environment is understood as an ordered set of institutions that determine the constraints for economic agents in making innovative managerial decisions. The peculiarities of the institutional environment functioning are determined by the mutual support of the institutions, which is ensured by performing their respective functions. It is proved that the development of the relationship between formal and informal institutions is one of the key factors of institutional dynamics. It needs not only the formation but also the perception of the rules and norms accepted in society. Formal constraints, rules, and institutions emerge for the most part from the principles of already existing informal rules and mechanisms that enforce them. The functions of the institutional environment, which generally represent the activities aimed at streamlining the actions to maintain stability in society, are highlighted.
Features of labor regulation of transport workers in the context of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Timonina Irina
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the issue of legal regulation of labor relations in transport in emergency situations. The author analyzes the current labor legislation that regulates the specifics of regulating the labor of employees of transport organizations; the possibility of concluding and terminating labor contracts in emergency situations, and the specifics of their responsibility. Special attention is given to the specifics of the operation of transport enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic and in other threatening situations in order to ensure the transport security of Russia. The author notes the actual tasks of transport enterprises in special conditions, justifies the need for special requirements for transport workers, the importance of pre-trip medical examinations.
Development of digital educational environment in higher education
Authors: Arsenieva Natalia , Putyatina Ludmila , Uglova Lidia
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the actual problem of improving the system of distance learning in higher schools as an important area of training of specialists taking into account time and long-term challenges of the development of the country’s economy. It analyzes in detail all the advantages and disadvantages of modern digitalization of the educational process for training and retraining of specialists of a new formation for all areas of the economy of the Russian Federation and beyond. There are two main approaches to the digital economy: the classic approach, based on digital technologies, and the extended approach, which means economical production using digital technologies. The article gives modern concepts of “distance education”, “distance learning”, “online training”, “e-learning” and others that are often used as synonyms. It reflects features of the educational process based on the wide use of interactive and problematic teaching methods that allow students and specialists of different levels to acquire the skill of analysis of the used arrays of digital information for making effective management decisions. It considers various types of resources that used to improve the quality of educational processes: educational, personnel, functional and technical, the basic requirements for them in modern education are given as well. It describes measures to expand and deepen the use of the digital economy in education and other areas of professional activity.
Ensuring sustainable development of higher education on the basis of digital educational services
Authors: Usova Natalya , Loginov Mikhail , Nedorostkova Elvira
Published: May 2021

In the context of national economy digital transformation and global challenges impact, the development trends of digital educational services are becoming more and more relevant. In the given article, scientific papers on various aspects of educational services digitization are reviewed. The authors proposed an original approach to the category of “digital educational service”, and revealed stages of digital educational services formation. To identify trends in the digital educational services development and the impact of the novel Covid-19 coronavirus infection pandemic on this process the authors analysed digital learning services development in the higher education market from2016 through 2020. Based on the research results, main trends of higher education development were revealed and prospects for digital educational services development in the medium term were identified.
Information and communication technologies in teaching foreign languages
Authors: Gorokhova Natalia , Kubyshko Irina
Published: May 2021

The introduction of information and communication technologies in the modern educational process at all levels is widespread in the world. The algorithm of successful e-learning, peculiarities of using online formats as one of the ways of educational resource of foreign language teaching, criteria of platforms, and applications selection constitute the study’s relevance and its main goal. The author proposes a methodology of teaching a foreign language based on the use of technical means of information and communication technologies, its methodologically secured system of electronic ways of monitoring, control, evaluation, and the classification of online tools aimed at building the educational process. The described analysis of the foreign language teaching process based on the application of information and communication technologies is of scientific and pedagogical interest from educational information transmission in a non-linear format. The results obtained in the study can be useful for teachers in the implementation of the general management of cognitive activity of students, in communicative and advisory activities, holding mono-courses or collective projects developed by educational organizations.
The rating Brain of Bureaucrats and Luhrmann’s Zettelkasten: two versions of the “Machine Man” in the age of digitalization
Authors: Korolev Sergei , Lyalina Irina
Published: May 2021

The modern “digitalized” person is predominantly an object of information, to a lesser extent a subject and an agent of information. The digitalization of the individual manifests itself in the expansion of all sorts of rating systems through which the employer controls the employee and social media monitors people’s daily lives. The phenomenon of “digitalized man” brings us back to the idea of dualism: the man of the modern information society is objectively bifurcated into a biopsychic organism, on the one hand, and his “digital replica”, on the other. Niklas Luhmann proved by his way of life the possibility of a paradoxical synthesis between the idea of mechanistic (bureaucratic) functionality and the idea of spontaneous, intuitive insight inherent only in a living person.
Wirksamkeit von Physiotherapie nach einem chirurgischen Eingriff bei lumbaler Spinalkanalstenose
Authors: Lau Sandra , Peters Lara , von Piekartz Harry , Ballenberger Nikolaus
Published: May 2021

Die Lumbale Spinalkanalstenose (LSS) bezeichnet eine symptomatische Verengung des Spinalkanals aufgrund einer kongenitalen Erkrankung (primäre LSS) oder eines degenerativen Prozesses (sekundäre LSS). Laut Schätzungen unterziehen sich 40 % aller von LSS betroffenen Patienten innerhalb der ersten 10 Jahre einem chirurgischen Eingriff. Ziel dieses Reviews ist, die Effektivität einer Rehabilitation, einschließlich individualisierter Physiotherapie, mit der herkömmlichen Versorgung nach einer Operation der LSS zu vergleichen.

Die Datenbanken CENTRAL, MEDLINE, DIMDI, PEDro und PubMed wurden systematisch nach randomisierten kontrollierten Studien durchsucht, die bis November 2018 durchgeführt wurden. Vier Studien wurden in den Review eingeschlossen. Die Gesamtqualität der Evidenz erwies sich dabei als moderat. Die Interventionen erfolgten unmittelbar während des Krankenhausaufenthalts oder innerhalb von 6–12 Wochen postoperativ und beinhalteten statt individualisierter Physiotherapie lediglich unspezifische Gruppentherapie. Die Kontrollgruppen erhielten herkömmliche Versorgung oder Empfehlungen zum postoperativen Verhalten. Die Analyse ergab keine Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen in Bezug auf funktionellen Status und Rückenschmerzen kurz- und langfristig. Lediglich bezüglich Beinschmerzen zeigte sich eine signifikante Differenz zugunsten der Interventionsgruppe (SMD –0,22, 95 % KI –0,43 bis –0,01).

Nicht individuelle Physiotherapie zeigt demnach im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen Versorgung keine kurzfristigen Effekte hinsichtlich Funktion und Schmerz, jedoch einen kleinen klinisch relevanten und signifikanten langfristigen Effekt im Hinblick auf Beinschmerzen. Die geringe Anzahl an eingeschlossenen Studien und die moderate Qualität der Evidenz unterstreichen die dringende Notwendigkeit qualitativ hochwertiger Studien, die die Wirkung einer individualisierten, patientenzentrierten und evidenzbasierten Physiotherapie untersuchen.
Establishing the Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease Animal Model in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Swamy Gangadhara , Holla Rajendra , Rao Suresh R.
Published: May 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to establish the safe and effective dose of rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) in Wistar albino rat.

Materials and Methods Male Wistar albino rats (n = 6) aged between 9 and 11 weeks, weight 200 to 250 g, were selected for the study. Rats were divided into four groups namely, A, B, C, and D; Group A served as control received only isotonic saline, groups B, C, and D were administered with rotenone 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively, with a specialized vehicle through intraperitoneal (IP) route once daily. During the procedure, they were observed for the development of the PD signs such as stooped posture, postural instability, akinesia, bradykinesia, and muscular rigidity. BW and behavioral pattern were recorded before the rotenone introduction and also after the onset of PD signs in them. They were sacrificed when the PD phenotype became debilitating and followed by neurochemical assay for dopamine and antioxidants; histological assay for TH-neuronal density and Lewy bodies were performed in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of midbrain.

Results Group C and D animals were developed with the PD signs by the 9th day and also there was a significant decrease in the BW noticed in them. Additionally, histological studies revealed the decrease in neuronal density and the presence of Lewy bodies in the dopamine neurons of the SNpc. However, it was also noticed that the group D had shown more mortality rate when compared with the Group C.

Conclusion Rotenone with 2.5 mg/kg BW IP was an ideal dose to develop PD signs in Wistar albino rats model that is a highly reproducible and may offer an excellent tool to establish the new neuroprotective treatment strategies.
Percutaneous Transhepatic Laser Lithotripsy for Biliary Stones in Patients with Altered Biliary Anatomy
Authors: Indu Jacob , Kheda Vikrama Amitha , Bolbandi Deepak , Govil Sanjay , Bhat Ravisankar
Published: May 2021

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the current treatment of choice in bile duct stones. Several factors such as variant anatomy of ampulla and surgical procedures like hepaticojejunostomy limit the success of ERCP in treating bile duct stones. Percutaneous transhepatic laser lithotripsy using interventional radiologic and endourologic techniques, which is uncommon, is a reasonable treatment option in such difficult cases. It is a minimally invasive, safe procedure accompanied by a high success rate, minimal morbidity, and a short hospital stay. We report our technique and experience in a series of three patients who underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) followed by percutaneous transhepatic laser lithotripsy in an attempt to avoid open surgery when ERCP was technically difficult.
Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformations: Imaging and Endovascular Management Strategies
Authors: Malik Virender , Kramadhari Harshith , Rathod Jawahar , Munde Yadav W. , Kovilapu Uday Bhanu
Published: May 2021

The peripheral high-flow vascular malformation (HFVM) comprises arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and fistula (AVF), shows varied clinical presentation (ranging from subtle skin lesion to life-threatening congestive heart failure), and frequently poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Importance of assigning a specific diagnosis to the vascular malformation cannot be overstated, as the treatment strategy is based on the type of vascular anomaly. Although the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification system is the most commonly accepted system for classifying congenital vascular anomalies in clinical practice, the Cho–Do et al classification is of utmost help in guiding optimal mode of treatment in peripheral AVM. Although transarterial approach remains the most commonly employed route for peripheral AVM embolization, the role of transvenous and direct percutaneous approach is ever increasing and the final decision on the approach depends on angioarchitecture of the AVM. In this article, we review various commonly employed classification systems for congenital vascular anomalies, and describe clinical features, imaging and treatment strategies for peripheral arteriovenous malformation (PAVM).
Revascularization of Chronic Iliac Vein Occlusion Using Balloon-Assisted Transseptal Needle Puncture Technique
Authors: Long Simon , Sutphin Patrick D. , Kalva Sanjeeva P.
Published: May 2021

Objectives To evaluate the utility of a transseptal needle for balloon-assisted sharp recanalization of chronically occluded central venous structures.

Background Chronically occluded central veins are not an uncommon problem, which may arise due to a plethora of reasons. Traditionally, wire and catheter techniques are often used first in an attempt to reestablish flow. When these methods fail, more aggressive techniques are employed, such as sharp recanalization using the back end of wires, Teflon-coated wires, or Rosch–Uchida or Colapinto needles. However, utilization of transseptal needles, traditionally reserved for cardiac procedures, has rarely been described.

Methods Transseptal needle was utilized for balloon-assisted sharp recanalization after traditional wire and catheter techniques failed in revascularization of chronically occluded iliac veins.

Results Transseptal needle was utilized successfully in two cases in revascularization of chronically occluded central veins.

Conclusion Transseptal needle is a viable tool to add to the interventional radiologists’ armamentarium in reestablishing flow in chronically occluded central veins.
Quantifying the Impact of Comorbidities on Outcomes Following Surgery for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Gupta Anmol , Cha Thomas , Schwab Joseph , Fogel Harold , Tobert Daniel , Razi Afshin E. , Paulino Carl , Bono Christopher M. , Hershman Stuart
Published: May 2021

Introduction Studies have shown that osteoporotic patients are more likely to have medical or surgical complications postoperatively. In this study, we determine the predictive value of various comorbidities on the likelihood of postoperative complications, mortality, and 30-day readmission following cement augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).

Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2007 to 2014 identified 1979 patients who met inclusion criteria. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the relationship between various comorbidities and perioperative mortality, postoperative complications, and 30-day readmission rates.

Results A history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), coagulopathy, diminished preoperative functional status, and/or an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class > 2 were statistical predictors of postoperative complications. CVA generated the highest odds ratio among these comorbidities (OR = 5.36, p = 0.02 for minor complications; OR = 4.60 p = 0.05 for major complications). Among the 15 comorbidities considered, steroid use (OR =1.81; p = 0.03) and an ASA class > 2 (OR = 14.65; p = 0.01) were the only ones that were correlated with mortality; an ASA class > 2 had a particularly strong effect on the likelihood of mortality (OR = 14.65). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), obesity, significant weight loss, and an ASA class > 2 were correlated with 30-day readmissions. Congestive heart failure (CHF), diabetes, dialysis, hypertension, or smoking was not correlated with adverse postoperative outcomes.

Conclusion Of the 15 comorbidities considered in this study, four were statistically associated with increased rates of postoperative complications, two were associated with increased mortality, and four were associated with increased rates of readmission at 30 days. The presence of CHF, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, ascites, renal failure, or smoking were not associated with the adverse outcomes studied.

Level of Evidence III.
Opioid and/or Psychotropic Use Increases Intraprocedural Sedation Drug Requirements
Authors: Sanampudi Sreeja , Jayavarapu Ravi , Brooks Trae , Raissi Driss
Published: May 2021

Objectives Acute pain management in opioid users can be challenging in the perioperative period. This study focuses on whether use of opioids increases sedation medication requirements in patients undergoing port placement under moderate sedation.

Materials and Methods A retrospective review was performed on all patients undergoing port placement between June 1, 2017, and June 30, 2019. Exclusion criteria included receiving general anesthesia, no sedation, and errors in data entry. Data collection included demographics, use of opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, tobacco, alcohol, and sedation data.

Results Opioid, benzodiazepine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) use was significantly associated with higher sedation drug dose requirements. Patients using opioids required 10.5% higher doses of midazolam compared with nonusers. Benzodiazepine users required 16.3% additional dosage of midazolam than nonusers. Finally, patients on SSRIs/SNRIs medications required 11.8% higher midazolam dosing when compared with nonusers.

Conclusion Anticipating higher needs of sedation medications during procedures in patients with history of psychotropic agents use can allow for more effective sedation and patient satisfaction. More patient and provider awareness is needed on this topic, as health care policy is moving toward value-based healthcare, with patient satisfaction surveys being one of its indicators.
Efficacy of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in the Treatment of Malignant and Benign Vertebral Fractures: Single-Center Experiences
Authors: Inecikli Mehmet Fatih , Hakyemez Bahattin
Published: May 2021

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a method used for vertebral stabilization and pain treatment. This study was performed to demonstrate the efficacy of PVP in treatment of malignant and benign vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). The study was conducted on 45 cases with a total of 106 VCFs. The mean age of the patients was 62.4 years (37–86 years). The vertebral fractures were classified according to Genant’s Classification. Pain was rated using the visual analog scale (VAS). VAS scores were recorded before and after PVP operations. A total of 58 vertebrae (54.8%) were treated via a bipedicular approach, and 48 vertebrae (45.2%) were treated via a unilateral transpedicular approach with the help of biplane imaging and under anesthesia. L1 vertebra (19.8%) fractures and Grade III fractures (46.3%) were more common. Vertebral collapse was the most common cause of malignancy (53.8%). The mean VAS score was measured to be 8.39 before the VP operations and 2.05 after the VP operations. The VAS score dropped to 2.3 through the unipedicular approach and to 1.84 through the bipedicular approach. The decrease in pain due to VP was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the unipedicular and bipedicular approaches in terms of pain relief (p> 0.05). Some patients (18.8%) had complications. PVP is a highly therapeutic method for pain relief in case of pain secondary to malignant or benign vertebral fractures.
Paradoxical Cerebral Embolism Secondary to Superior Vena Cava Occlusion and Development of a Systemic Right-to-Left Shunt
Authors: Kuang Ronny J.D. , Beale Anna L , Bloom Jason E , Clements Warren
Published: May 2021

Paradoxical cerebral embolism, although rare, can be secondary to acquired causes such as superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion and development of a mediastinal right-to-left shunt. Such shunts allow undisturbed passage of thromboemboli to bypass the pulmonary circulation and enter the systemic circulation. This report presents a case of paradoxical cerebral embolism due to a right-to-left shunt originating from occlusion of the SVC. The etiology of the SVC occlusion stems from a prior central venous access line used for treatment of lymphoma. The patient underwent endovascular treatment with successful coil embolization of the mediastinal shunt.
Photodynamic viral inactivation: Recent advances and potential applications
Authors: Willis Jace A. , Cheburkanov Vsevolod , Kassab Giulia , Soares Jennifer M. , Blanco Kate C. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. , Yakovlev Vladislav V.
Published: May 2021

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which are growing at a frightening rate worldwide, has put the world on a long-standing alert. The COVID-19 health crisis reinforced the pressing need to address a fast-developing pandemic. To mitigate these health emergencies and prevent economic collapse, cheap, practical, and easily applicable infection control techniques are essential worldwide. Application of light in the form of photodynamic action on microorganisms and viruses has been growing and is now successfully applied in several areas. The efficacy of this approach has been demonstrated in the fight against viruses, prompting additional efforts to advance the technique, including safety use protocols. In particular, its application to suppress respiratory tract infections and to provide decontamination of fluids, such as blood plasma and others, can become an inexpensive alternative strategy in the fight against viral and bacterial infections. Diverse early treatment methods based on photodynamic action enable an accelerated response to emerging threats prior to the availability of preventative drugs. In this review, we evaluate a vast number of photodynamic demonstrations and first-principle proofs carried out on viral control, revealing its potential and encouraging its rapid development toward safe clinical practice. This review highlights the main research trends and, as a futuristic exercise, anticipates potential situations where photodynamic treatment can provide a readily available solution.
Toward embryo cryopreservation-on-a-chip: A standalone microfluidic platform for gradual loading of cryoprotectants to minimize cryoinjuries
Authors: Tirgar Pouria , Sarmadi Fatemeh , Najafi Mojgan , Kazemi Parinaz , AzizMohseni Sina , Fayazi Samaneh , Zandi Ghazaleh , Ziaie Nikta , Shoushtari Zadeh Naseri Aida , Ehrlicher Allen , Dashtizad Mojtaba
Published: May 2021

Embryo vitrification is a fundamental practice in assisted reproduction and fertility preservation. A key step of this process is replacing the internal water with cryoprotectants (CPAs) by transferring embryos from an isotonic to a hypertonic solution of CPAs. However, this applies an abrupt osmotic shock to embryos, resulting in molecular damages that have long been a source of concern. In this study, we introduce a standalone microfluidic system to automate the manual process and minimize the osmotic shock applied to embryos. This device provides the same final CPA concentrations as the manual method but with a gradual increase over time instead of sudden increases. Our system allows the introduction of the dehydrating non-permeating CPA, sucrose, from the onset of CPA-water exchange, which in turn reduced the required time of CPA loading for successful vitrification without compromising its outcomes. We compared the efficacy of our device and the conventional manual procedure by studying vitrified–warmed mouse blastocysts based on their re-expansion and hatching rates and transcription pattern of selected genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, heat shock, and apoptosis. While both groups of embryos showed comparable re-expansion and hatching rates, on-chip loading reduced the detrimental gene expression of cryopreservation. The device developed here allowed us to automate the CPA loading process and push the boundaries of cryopreservation by minimizing its osmotic stress, shortening the overall process, and reducing its molecular footprint.
Machine learning–accelerated computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Kochkov Dmitrii , Smith Jamie A. , Alieva Ayya , Wang Qing , Brenner Michael P. , Hoyer Stephan
Published: May 2021

Significance

Accurate simulation of fluids is important for many science and engineering problems but is very computationally demanding. In contrast, machine-learning models can approximate physics very quickly but at the cost of accuracy. Here we show that using machine learning inside traditional fluid simulations can improve both accuracy and speed, even on examples very different from the training data. Our approach opens the door to applying machine learning to large-scale physical modeling tasks like airplane design and climate prediction.
Coniothyrium glycines (red leaf blotch).
Authors: Hartman Glen , Murithi Harun Muthuri
Published: May 2021

Red leaf blotch affects soyabean in central and southern Africa. The disease and the causal fungus (Coniothyrium glycines) were first reported in Ethiopia in 1957. C. glycines is native to Africa, living on the native legume, Neonotonia wightii, and perhaps other native or non-native legumes. The jump of the pathogen to soyabean occurred as early as 1957 and reports of the occurrence of red leaf blotch have increased along with soyabean production in Africa. The disease is currently a serious threat to soyabean production in sub-Saharan African countries with losses of up to 70% reported. C. glycines is considered a threat to soyabean-producing countries such as Brazil and the USA. The pathogen is not known to be disseminated by seed or wind. Infection is thought to occur via rainsplash of soilborne inoculum onto the leaves of soyabean plants. Symptoms include characteristic dark red spots on the upper leaf surface and reddish-brown lesions with dark borders on the lower surface. Premature leaf drop may occur in heavy disease conditions, releasing sclerotia back into the soil. The disease is favoured by wet, humid conditions.
Implementation as Resemblance
Authors: Curtis-Trudel André
Published: May 2021

This article advertises a new account of computational implementation. According to the resemblance account, implementation is a matter of resembling a computational architecture. The resemblance account departs from previous theories by denying that computational architectures are exhausted by their formal, mathematical features. Instead, they are taken to be permeated with causality, spatiotemporality, and other nonmathematical features. I argue that this approach comports well with computer scientific practice and offers a novel response to so-called triviality arguments.
On Measurement Scales: Neither Ordinal Nor Interval?
Authors: Larroulet Philippi Cristian
Published: May 2021

There is a received view on measurement scales. It includes both a classification of scales (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) and a set of prescriptions regarding measurement inferences. This article casts doubt on the adequacy of this received view. To do this, I propose an epistemic characterization of the ordinal/interval distinction, that is, one in terms of researchers’ beliefs. This novel characterization reveals the ordinal/interval distinction as too coarse grained and thus the received view as too restrictive of a framework for measurement research.
Du Châtelet on the Need for Mathematics in Physics
Authors: Wells Aaron
Published: May 2021

There is a tension in Emilie Du Châtelet’s thought on mathematics. The objects of mathematics are ideal or fictional entities; nevertheless, mathematics is presented as indispensable for an account of the physical world. After outlining Du Châtelet’s position, and showing how she departs from Christian Wolff’s pessimism about Newtonian mathematical physics, I show that the tension in her position is only apparent. Du Châtelet has a worked-out defense of the explanatory and epistemic need for mathematical objects, consistent with their metaphysical nonfundamentality. I conclude by sketching how Du Châtelet’s conception of mathematical indispensability differs interestingly from many contemporary approaches.
Causal Pluralism in Philosophy: Empirical Challenges and Alternative Proposals
Authors: Ngoc Dinh Phuong (Phoebe) , Danks David
Published: May 2021

An increasing number of arguments for causal pluralism invoke empirical psychological data. Different aspects of causal cognition—specifically, causal perception and causal inference—are thought to involve distinct cognitive processes and representations, and they thereby distinctively support transference and dependency theories of causation, respectively. We argue that this dualistic picture of causal concepts arises from methodological differences, rather than from an actual plurality of concepts. Hence, philosophical causal pluralism is not particularly supported by the empirical data. Serious engagement with cognitive science reveals that the connection between psychological concepts of causation and philosophical notions is substantially more complicated than is traditionally presumed.
g as Bridge Model
Authors: Curry Devin Sanchez
Published: May 2021

Psychometric g—a statistical factor capturing intercorrelations between scores on different IQ tests—is of theoretical interest despite being a low-fidelity model of both folk psychological intelligence and its cognitive/neural underpinnings. Psychometric g idealizes away from those aspects of cognitive/neural mechanisms that are not explanatory of the relevant variety of folk psychological intelligence, and it idealizes away from those varieties of folk psychological intelligence that are not generated by the relevant cognitive/neural substrate. In this manner, g constitutes a high-fidelity bridge model of the relationship between its two targets and, thereby, helps demystify the relationship between folk and scientific psychology.
Learning from the Shape of Data
Authors: Rosenstock Sarita
Published: May 2021

To make sense of large data sets, we often look for patterns in how data points are “shaped” in the space of possible measurement outcomes. The emerging field of topological data analysis (TDA) offers a toolkit for formalizing the process of identifying such shapes. This article aims to discover why and how the resulting analysis should be understood as reflecting significant features of the systems that generated the data. I argue that a particular feature of TDA—its functoriality—is what enables TDA to translate visual intuitions about structure in data into precise, computationally tractable descriptions of real-world systems.
Variable Definition and Independent Components
Authors: Casini Lorenzo , Moneta Alessio , Capasso Marco
Published: May 2021

In the causal modeling literature, it is well known that ill-defined variables may give rise to ambiguous manipulations. Here, we illustrate how ill-defined variables may also induce mistakes in causal inference when standard causal search methods are applied. To address the problem, we introduce a representation framework, which exploits an independent component representation of the data, and demonstrate its potential for detecting ill-defined variables and avoiding mistaken causal inferences.
Concept of multistage discrete fourier transform without performing multiplications
Authors: Yu Burova A
Published: May 2021

The issues related to the development and research of digital methods and algorithms for the discrete Fourier transform, which do not require algorithmic multiplication operations, are considered. The aim of the research is to develop and formalize the concept of multistage discrete Fourier transform of complex signals only by algebraic addition of their time samples. The research used the methods of mathematical and hardware-software modeling of the operation of computing algorithms for digital signal processing on programmable logic integrated circuits. The concept of a multistep discrete Fourier transforms without performing multiplications is described. The corresponding formulas for digital signal processing are given. The results of the study showed and confirmed the possibility of this Fourier transform of complex signals only by algebraic addition of their time samples.
Optimization of the aluminum electrolysis process by mathematical modeling of process algorithms on cleaned data
Authors: Chistyakov M S , Losev A N , Shamina S V , Zolkin A L , Ryabkova G V
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the issues of construction of a digital model of aluminum electrolysis modes. Target hypotheses identified as priority ones have been worked out: recommendations for AlF3 supply, forecast of the electrolyzer overhaul. For the selected hypotheses, models have been built and studies on an expanded data set have been carried out. The results of the work showed that the models have been trained and are ready for use with the required accuracy of obtaining the results. In addition, prototypes of management systems for influencing tools have been built, control parameters have been determined. The scenarios for use of models in real production have been identified and described. The results at this stage allow starting a full-fledged production experiment, which will make it possible to determine the parameters of models introduction into production processes.
Exploring the possibility of applying different neuronal activation functions to a single-circuit ACS
Authors: Pomogaev A S , Dementev D A , Krasnenko D M , Shtylenko A S
Published: May 2021

This work is devoted to the study of the influence of the neuron activation function in the neuroregulator on the quality of the automated control system. The description of the approach to solving the problem of automatic control of real technical objects using a controller, which is an artificial neural network, is given. The research results were summarized in tables and displayed on graphs.
Study of the kinetics of gas evolution of a polymer composite under the influence of vacuum and VUV
Authors: Kashibadze V V , Zaitsev S V , Prochorenkov D S , Klopot E P
Published: May 2021

The paper presents data on the effect of high vacuum and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) on a polymer composite based on polyimide track membranes. Polyimide track membranes were filled with POSS structures. For comparison, we also used pure polyimide films without filler. Exposure in high vacuum and surface treatment of the developed VUV composite were carried out in the imitation chamber of near-Earth space, located in the Space Materials Science Laboratory of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov (Russia, Belgorod). The high resistance of the composite to high vacuum and VUV has been established. The total weight loss of the composite by 24 hours was 0.26 wt. % (after holding in vacuum) and 0.28 wt. % (after VUV).
Using the project method to motivate students studying physics
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Vasylyshyn Vitalii , Tsyna Valentina , Tsyna Andriy , Tytarenko Valentina
Published: May 2021

Modern graduates of physical specialties are required not only to possess a certain amount of knowledge, but also to be able to apply this knowledge to solve practical problems, as well as independently acquire the knowledge required for their professional activities. During the implementation of projects, students have the opportunity to solve practical professional problems. The use of the project method in teaching students of physical specialties, in our opinion, allows to increase the degree of interest of students in acquiring new knowledge. In the process of implementing projects, students gain skills of teamwork on the project, they develop systematic and analytical thinking. In addition, the implementation of the project allows students to acquire the skills to independently formulate a project implementation plan and search for information necessary to solve the problem.
Application of Case-study for solving problems of measuring the level of phenol pollution of the Orel River in the training of future ecologists
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Ershova Irina , Morozov Alexander , Fedorchuk Yulia , Revazov Vladimir , Philippov Victor , Telesh Andrey , Plyushch Irina
Published: May 2021

In the modern world, rapid changes are taking place in many areas of human activity. The processes of globalization and the acceleration of scientific and technological progress require the search and introduction of new educational teaching technologies in the educational process. The requirements for teaching methods and their quality are steadily increasing. The methods of professional training used in the 20th century cannot provide the necessary level of quality in the new conditions, this creates the need for a constant search for even more effective approaches to the professional training of future specialists, including environmentalists. Motivating students to actively participate in the educational process, increasing their creative activity is important for them to gain new knowledge and skills. The most important condition for the formation of motivation is a close correlation between the educational process and the professional activities of future specialists. Case-study is, in our opinion, one of the most effective tools for improving the quality of training of modern specialists. Its functional capabilities largely meet the requirements that society imposes on the modern education system.
Modeling database management systems in medicine
Authors: Rakhimov Bakhtiyar S , Rakhimova Feroza B , Sobirova Sabokhat K
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, the role of computer and information technology in medical education is very important. Increasingly, information pressures are on the agenda for improving the methods of selecting, sorting and utilizing information for optimal, constructive, rational organization and management. To modeling database, fill it with new information, and use it, you need specific database management software - these are called database management systems. The theoretical basis of the spent researches is made by the theory of the functional analysis, methods of splines-functions and modeling, variation and difference methods, methods of the numerical integration, the generalized spectral methods, the theory of numbers and matrixes, and also the theory of parallel computing processes in database medical system. Computer technology in today’s world is the most modern mean of creating, maintaining, and storing new data. Database formation is based on the visualization, meaning, structure and volume of the object under investigation.
Development of a module for identifying a person by photography to improve the quality of the machine-engineering plant in remote mode
Authors: Shabalina D A , Yurkov S A , Masharova T V , Gerasimova E K , Pichugin S S
Published: May 2021

A machine vision performs a variety of face verification tasks in different infrastructure environments. A facial recognition system is technically implemented as an image recognition program. It serves to automatically identify a face in an image, and then identify the person by comparing and analyzing the biometric data of the human face. Cameras are able to capture an image at a distance, which is perfect for building monitoring systems and contactless biometrics. Such software systems are particularly important in the context of remote work of employees of industrial enterprises. The purpose of research is to develop and implement a facial recognition web service for the staff department of a machine-engineering enterprise. The web service should work in conjunction with the existing data bank. Tasks of research are: to consider the fundamental algorithms of facial recognition, to formulate the basic requirements for the development and implementation of the corresponding automated web service. The significant result of research is that the developed module uses library of computer vision algorithms, image processing and general-purpose numerical algorithms with open-source code. Identification system was checked by testing on the company’s website.
Two problems about calculating the number of palindromes with different numbers of digits
Authors: Lyubimov V V , Melikdzhanyan R V
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is to obtain two types of regularities for calculating the number of palindromes. The main results of the work are presented by solving two problems. In the first problem describes how to find the total number of different locations of palindromes in binary digits that do not exceed the given numbers of digits. The second problem is devoted to determining the number of palindromes of an arbitrary number system that have the same numbers of digits. The theoretical results of the work are accompanied by examples of the application of the described regularities to obtain the total number of locations of the binary palindromes with the number of digits that do not exceed the specified, as well as to calculate the number of palindromes of different number systems with predetermined numbers of digits. The considered regularities are supposed to be applied in the analysis of numerical and computer data.