bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sources of chickpea genotypes with high level of main economically valuable characteristics for breeding in conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Kondratenko M. I. , Bushulyan O. V. , Buhayov V. D.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. The aim of the study was to identify samples of chickpeas with economically valuable traits on the ground of the basic collection of parent material as a source of traits for breeding in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; to systematize them by yielding capacity, elements of crop structure, duration of the growing season, morphological features, areas of use in accordance with the two main groups of culture morphotypes – kabuli and desi – in order to plan areas of breeding. Methods. Field (conducting phenological observations), laboratory (assessment of the studied material). Results. 223 samples of chickpeas originating from different countries of Asia and Europe were screened in order to determine their breeding value in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It is established that promising for selection in such conditions are samples originating from Russia, Syria and India, as well as varieties and new highperformance lines obtained from Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of seed and cultivar investigation of NAAS of Ukraine, characterized by a set of features such as grain productivity (number of beans per plant, weight of 1000 seeds and others), and suitability for the mechanized harvesting (height of the plant, height of attachment of the lower bean and others). The studies were conducted in contrasting conditions of two years, 2018 and 2019, which differed significantly in the amount of precipitation and the sum of effective temperatures, and the nature of their distribution during the growing season, which allowed to obtain more objective information about breeding material. The nature of variability of the main economically valuable traits by groups of morphotypes as well as correlations between them is determined, this will allow to make targeted selections in breeding for the above mentioned traits, using this experimental material as genetic sources. Conclusions. A set of chickpea samples of different ecological and geographical origin with valuable breeding traits have been identified, which can be used as genetic sources in practical selection to create new varieties with specified parameters in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The selected sources were unique in one feature as well as combined a set of features.
Adaptive capacity of winter wheat varieties and formation of qualitative properties of grain of various ecological and geographical origin
Authors: Kryzhanivskyi V. H.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Investigate the features of adaptive ability of winter wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin and reveal the mechanisms of formation of such valuable features as the nature of grain and yield. Methods. In this work, a systematic method of the variants placement was used; field methods – for conducting phenological observations and accounting, laboratory (for establishment of collection varieties), biometric and measuring-weight (for accounting the productivity and yield), mathematical and statistical (objective evaluation of the obtained experimental data). Results. The research was conducted in the research field of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology of Uman National University of Horticulture in 2019-2020. Over the years of research, the nature of grain has changed somewhat. Thus, in 2019, in the varieties that were created in the southern Forest-Steppe, it ranged from 733-766 g/l, while in 2020 these values were 719-748 g/l. In wheat varieties created for the Steppe natural zone, the figure for 2019 was in the range from 743 to 791 g/l, in 2020 it was 719-774 g/l. In 2020, the yield of winter wheat grain of the SN Kombin variety (Forest-Steppe zone) was the highest and amounted to 748 g/l, which is more than the indicators of the Columbia variety and the standard by 42 and 28 g/l respectively. Of the varieties created in the southern Forest-Steppe, Columbia had the lowest yield – 4.1 t/ha. The SN Kombin variety exceeded the Smuglyanka variety by 2.0 t/ha. High grain yield was in the Samurai variety, created in the Steppe zone, which was 10.3 t/ha, or more by 9%. Conclusions. The highest indicator of grain yield was found in the variety Anter, which was 774 g/l, which is 59 g/l more than the control. During the years of research, the weight of 1000 grains in the Samurai variety was the highest and amounted to 47.1 g, which is higher than the standard by 1.3 g. High grain yield was in the Samurai variety, created in the Steppe zone, which was 10.6 t/ha , or by 1.4 t/ha more compared to the standard. Variety Anter formed a 9.2 t/ha grain yield (at the level of the Smuglyanka variety). Thus, on average, for two years of research, the highest yields showed the SN Kombin and Samurai varieties, which amounted to 10.9 and 10.3 t/ha respectively. Other varieties of wheat, such as Smuglyanka and Anter, had almost the same yield – 8.9-8.8 t/ha.
Mastektomi Sonrası Memenin Yeniden Şekillendirilmesine Eğilim Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Authors: Günaydınlı Azime , Karaman Özlü Zeynep
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Araştırma, Mastektomi Sonrası Memenin Yeniden Şekillendirilmesine Eğilim Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, kültürel uyumu ve geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Metodolojik olarak yapılan araştırma, Erzurum ilinde bulunan iki hastanede mastektomi ameliyatı olan hastalar ile yüz yüze görüşülerek yapıldı. Araştırmanın evrenini Nisan 2016-Eylül 2018 tarihleri arasında ilgili hastanelerde mastektomi olmuş ve ameliyatının üzerinden en az 6 ay geçmiş olan hastalar, örneklemini ise bu tarihler arasında belirtilen evrende araştırmaya katılma ölçütlerini taşıyan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 118 hasta oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Mastektomi Sonrası Memenin Yeniden Şekillendirilmesine Eğilim Ölçeği” kullanıldı. Ölçeğin, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olup olmadığı dil, kapsam, yapı geçerliliği, iç tutarlılık güvenilirliği ve test-tekrar test güvenilirlik analizleri ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Ölçeğin önce çeviri-geri çevirisi yapılarak dil geçerliliği, daha sonra ise uzman önerileri doğrultusunda gerekli düzeltmeler yapılarak kapsam geçerliliği sağlandı. Ölçeğin açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 4 faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği, ölçeğe ait bütün maddelerin faktör yüklerinin 0.40’ın üzerinde ve uygun aralıkta olduğu saptandı. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa katsayısı; Mastektomi Sonrası Memenin Yeniden Şekillendirilmesine Eğilim Ölçeği toplam puanı için 0.84, Ana Faktörler alt boyutu için 0.83, İkinci Faktörler alt boyutu için 0.82, Minör Bariyerler alt boyutu için 0.63 ve Korkuya Neden Olan Faktörler alt boyutu için 0.82 olarak bulundu.
Sonuç: Araştırma sonucu, ölçeğin orijinal ölçekle benzer yapıda ve Türkiye’de kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Ölçek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Köyde Yaşayan Spinal Tümör Tanılı Erkek Hastanın Gündoğumu Modeli ile Kültürel Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Kılınç Eda , Korkmaz Aslan Gülbahar
Published: April 2021

Leininger'in Kültürel Bakım Teorisindeki amacı insan kültürlerinde hemşirelik bakımındaki girişimlerin farklılıklarını ve kültürün bireylerin sağlık durumlarına etkilerini açıklamaktır. Literatür kültürel yeterliliğin, sağlık bakım kalitesinin önemli bileşenlerinden biri ve sağlık bakım çıktıları üzerinde iyileştirici etkisi olduğunu belirtmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunun amacı köyde yaşayan bir hastayı Gündoğumu Modeli ile değerlendirmek ve kültürel açıdan yeterli hemşirelik bakımının sonuçlarına dikkat çekmektir. Hastanın kültürel bakım özelliklerine yönelik bulguları 10 başlık altında ele alınmıştır. Süreç boyunca araştırmacı hasta, hasta yakını, hemşireler ve hekimler ile birlikte iş birliği yapmıştır. Uygun iletişim dilini kullanarak hastanın kültürel değerlendirmesini tamamlamıştır. Hastayı kültürel yönden değerlendirdikten sonra ise uygun kültürel bakım kararı almıştır. Hastanın kültürel değerlendirilmesinde bazı geleneksel uygulamaların (zeytinyağlı incir tüketimi, bitki çayı kullanımı) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hasta için olumsuz etkisi olmayan bu uygulamalar için hemşire tarafından “kültürel bakımı koruma/sürdürme kararı” alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hastaya bütüncül ve kültürel yeterli hemşirelik bakımı verilmiştir.
اثر استراتيجية الاسود والابيض في تنمية التفكير الذهني لتدريس العلوم
Authors: عامر كريم هظل م.م.
Published: April 2021

يهدف البحث الى التعرف على اثر استراتيجية الاسود والابيض  في تنمية التفكير الذهني  في تدريس  العلوم  وللتحقق من هدف البحث الحالي وضع  الفرضية الصفرية وهي:

لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى(0.05%)   بين متوسط فرق درجات الاختبار (القبلي والبعدي)لطلاب المجموعة التجريبية التي درست العلوم باستراتيجية  الاسود والابيض   ، ومتوسط فرق درجات الاختبار (القبلي والبعدي )لطلاب المجموعة الضابطة التي درست المادة نفسها بالطريقة الاعتيادية (التقليدية) في تنمية التفكير الذهني  .

 

وللتحقق من ذلك فقد اختار الباحث تصميما تجريبيا ذو مجموعتين احداهما تجريبية والاخرى ضابطة ،وتم اطلاع الباحث على مجتمع البحث وهي  المدارس المتوسطة في مدينة الكوت واختار الباحث عينة البحث  وبشكل عشوائي مدرستي متوسطة الكوت للبنين ومتوسطة الامام الحسن للبنين ، حيث بلغ في كل مدرسة من المدارس المختارة (2) شعب وبمجموع (256) طالبا ، اختيرت وبالسحب العشوائي شعبة (أ) من متوسطة الكوت للبنين كمجموعة تجريبية وشعبة (أ)من متوسطة الامام الحسن للبنين كمجموعة ضابطة حيث بلغت عينة البحث في المجموعتين (64)طالبا.

كافئ الباحث بين طلاب مجموعتي البحث في متغيرات ( العمر الزمني ،التحصيل الدراسي السابق لنصف السنة لمادة علم الاحياء ، اختبار الذكاء لرافن ، اختبار التفكير الذهني  ، في العلوم .

اعد الباحث من خلال تحليل محتوى  العلوم (100) هدف سلوكيا غطت الموضوعات المحددة في الفصول الثلاثة الاخير للكتاب المقرر، كما اعد خططا تدريسية لتلك الموضوعات ، وقام الباحث بنفسه بتدريس المجموعتين ، واعد اداة البحث وهي اختبار التفكير الذهني  حيث بلغ عدد فقراته بعد اجراء التغيرات السايكومترية عليه (75) فقرة  واستغرقت مدة التجربة (10) اسابيع وقد عالج الباحث بيانات دراسته احصائيا باستعمال الوسائل الاحصائية المناسبة .

وبعد تحليل النتائج احصائيا تبين ماياتي:

وجود فروق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0.05) بين طلاب المجموعة التجريبية وطلاب المجموعة الضابطة في التفكير الذهني  ،اذ تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية على طلاب المجموعة الضابطة .

وفي ضوء نتائج البحث اوصى الباحث بأهمية استعمال استراتيجية الاسود والابيض  في تدريس العلوم لطلاب الصف الثاني متوسط ،كما اقترح الباحث اجراء دراسات مماثلة وعلى مراحل ومواد دراسية اخرى وفي متغيرات تابعة اخرى .
Children’s Literature in Iraq: The Literary Production after 2003 of Iraqi and Non-Iraqi writers
Authors: زينات عبد الكاظم مهدي أ. م. د.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out the nature of Children Literature in Iraq after 2003 by written by Iraqi and non- Iraqi writers. The research applies Text-Analysis theory and intend to reveal the literary product especially short stories and novels for Iraqi children in the last two decades (following 2003). Listing the types and the tendencies adopted by Iraqi writers and non-Iraqi writers for children in the selected time is another objective. It also aims at searching the psychological dimension which is supposed to be involved in it. Added to that, deciding whether those writers are specialists in writing for children or it is regarded as a sub-sided profession for them. The Text-analysis theory helps realize the context within which cultural and sub-cultural norms are introduced. The findings reveal the fact that this era, after 2003, is impregnated with chromatic literary outcomes including children literature. But, the literary product of this literature is ranging between locality and universality within a limited scope due to certain social , political , and economical influences.  The implications of this research indicates the necessity to focus on the field of children literature in modern literary production for its great impact on the psychology of Iraqi children especially after 2003.
هيغل: من اللاهوت الى فلسفة الدين
Authors: حيدر محيسن عبود الباحث
Published: April 2021

يُعتبر هيغل من الفلاسفة الذين جاءت فلسفاتهم متأخرة؛ فحياة هيغل تنقسم إلى قسمين: مرحلة الشباب، ومرحلة النضوج. أما مرحلة الشباب فهي تبدأ من دراسة هيغل في معهد توبنجن اللاهوتي، وحتى انتقاله إلى مدينة (يينا) عام ١٨٠١م، لتبدأ بذلك مرحلة نضوج هيغل وشهرته في الأوساط الأكاديمية, حتى وفاته في عام 1831م.

        تعتبر مرحلة الشباب مرحلة مهمة في حياة هيغل، رغم أنها تمتاز بطابع لاهوتي، إلا أنها كانت منطلقًا لمشكلته الدينية التي بقيت ترافقه حتى في مرحلة النضوج، فأغلب مؤلفات هيغل الشاب هي مؤلفات لاهوتية بإمتياز، إلا أنها في نهاية المطاف أصبحت مصدرٌ لفلسفته بصورة عامة، وفلسفة الدين – الذي يُعدّ المؤسس الفعلي لها – بصورة خاصة.
قصيدة القناع في شعر عبد العزيز عسير
Authors: رؤى عبدالامير رحمة عطية العبادي م.م.
Published: April 2021

شكَّلَ البحث دراسة ظاهرة في شعر شاعر عراقيّ حديث ألا وهي (القناع)، و اختارَتِ الباحثتانِ دراسة هذه الظاهرة في شعر الشاعر عبد العزيز عسير لأنَّهُ استخدمَ القناع بكثرة في قصائدهِ؛ لأنَّ الحقبة التي عاشها تمثَّلَتْ بالضغط السلطويّ؛ لذا لجأ الشاعر إلى هذه الوسيلة (القناع) كي يُعبِّر عمّا يُريد بصورة غير مُباشِرَة، إذْ يتكلَّم عن ظروفهِ وظروف مجتمعهِ الذي ينتمي إليه بهامشٍ مِن الحريَّةِ دون خوفٍ مِن المُلاحقَة والمُراقَبَة.

      فقد استخدمَ الشاعر القناع على لسان الإنسان تارة وعلى لسان الحيوان تارة أخرى، وقدْ أجادَ في الحديث مِن وراء قناعهِ حتى تمكَّنَ مِن إيصال صوتهِ وإظهار الظلم الذي كانَ يعاني منهُ هو و مجتمعه.

      وقدْ تمكَّنَ الشاعر مِن الرَّبط بينَ الأزمنة والشَّخصيات داخل قناعهِ، إذْ نجده يربط بينَ ما حصلَ في الماضي وما يحصل في الوقت الحاضر، وكذلكَ ما عانتْهُ الشخصيات عبْرَ التأريخ وما يعانيه هو في زمانهِ.

      فالشاعر قد اختارَ القناع الذي يتَّصل بصوتِهِ، وجعل صوتَهُ وصوت الشخصية التي تقنَّعَ بها صوتاً واحداً، إذ اختفى وراء تلك الشخصية مُعبِّراً مِن خلالهِا عمّا يختلج نفسه.
الدراسات المقارنة في جهود الباحثيين العراقيين
Authors: ورود ناجي العارضي م.د.
Published: April 2021

الملخص
     ان الادب المقارن يقيس قوة الحضارات لكنه لا يميل الى التعصب او ينافي الانسانية .
 يبين الادب المقارن التلاقي التاريخي ، ويوضح طبيعة هذا التلاقي ، ويكشف الاصالة في التجديد الادبي والفكري .
البحث في مجال الدراسة الببليوغرافيا والتي تسهل على الباحثين الاخرين  الاطلاع على الدراسات ومن ثم التعرف عليها وتسهل المهمة القادمة في اختيار العنوانات القادمة في مجال البحث المقارن .
 
يقسم البحث الى ثلاث اقسام :
القسم الاول : تعريف مصطلح الادب المقارن .
القسم الثاني : جهود الباحثين العراقين في الدراسات المقارنة والتي كتبت باللغة العربية .
القسم الثالث : جهود الباحثين العراقين في الدراسات المقارنة والتي كتبت باللغات الاجنبية .
كلمات مفاتحية : الادب المقارن - الدراسات المقارنة - جهود الباحثين العراقين.
ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN DALAM PENINGKATAN PEMBIAYAAN KONSUMTIF PADA PT BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA SYARIAH, Tbk KANTOR CABANG PEMBANTU GOWA SUNGGUMINASA
Authors: Daga Rosnaini
Published: April 2021

Judul Penelitian ini adalah “Analisis Strategi PemasaranDalam Peningkatan Pembiayaan Konsumtif Pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, Tbk Kantor Cabang Pembantu Gowa Sungguminasa”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pemasaran yang digunakan dalam peningkatan pembiayaan konsumtif PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, Tbk kantor cabang Pembantu Gowa Sungguminasa. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif. Pokok bahasan penelitian adalah untuk analisis strategi pemasaran dalam peningkatan pembiayaan konsumtif berdasarkan indikator strategi pemasaran yaitu relationship marketing strategy, strategi superior custumer service, strategi unconditional guarantees, dan strategi peningkatan kinerja perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi peningkatan jumlah nasabah pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, Tbk kantor cabang Pembantu Gowa Sungguminasa.
LAPORAN ANALISIS AIR, BANJIR, SERTA PERSPEKTIF MASAYARAKAT DI DESA PANTAI HAMBAWANG KECAMATAN MANDASTANA
Authors: sahlan Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Artikel ini ditujukan kepada pembaca yang ingin mengetahui terkait dengan banjir, khusus nya musibah banjir yang terjadi di desa pantai hambawang, kecamatan mandastana, kabupaten barito kuala, Kalimantan selatan. Musibah banjir tersebut berlangsung terjadi selama 1 bulan lebih terhitung mulai terendam nya pemukiman warga setempat. Banjir tersebut banyak mengakibatkan kerurugian besar terhadap warga yang berada di wilayah tersebut, baik dalam hal ekonomi, infrastruktur, dan lain sebainya. Bencana banjir, menduduki urutan ketiga penyebab kerugian ekonomi dari semua bencana alam di seluruh dunia. Semarang, sebagai kota waterfront telah menderita banjir sejak saat lama. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis respon masyarakat dan hubungannya dengan pengetahuan mereka, kesiapan dan tingkat tindakan.Banjir sendiri secara umum dapat di definisikan sebagai suatu bencana alam, yang menimpa kehidupan warga yang bersangkutan dan dapat mengalami dampak negative serta menimbulkan kerugian materi. Bencana menurut Undang-undang No.24 Tahun 2007, yaitu peristiwa yang mengancam dan mengganggu kehidupan serta penghidupan masyarakat. Bencana dapat disebabkan baik oleh faktor alam dan faktor non alam (kegiatan manusia) sehingga mengakibatkan timbulnya korban jiwa, kerusakan lingkungan, kerugian harta benda, dan dampak psikologis.
Machine learning-based feature importance approach for sensitivity analysis of steel frames
Authors: Koh Hyeyoung , Blum Hannah Beth
Published: April 2021

This study presents a machine learning-based approach for sensitivity analysis to examine how parameters affect a given structural response while accounting for uncertainty. Reliability-based sensitivity analysis involves repeated evaluations of the performance function incorporating uncertainties to estimate the influence of a model parameter, which can lead to prohibitive computational costs. This challenge is exacerbated for large-scale engineering problems which often carry a large quantity of uncertain parameters. The proposed approach is based on feature selection algorithms that rank feature importance and remove redundant predictors during model development which improve model generality and training performance by focusing only on the significant features. The approach allows performing sensitivity analysis of structural systems by providing feature rankings with reduced computational effort. The proposed approach is demonstrated with two designs of a two-bay, two-story planar steel frame with different failure modes: inelastic instability of a single member and progressive yielding. The feature variables in the data are uncertainties including material yield strength, Young’s modulus, frame sway imperfection, and residual stress. The Monte Carlo sampling method is utilized to generate random realizations of the frames from published distributions of the feature parameters, and the response variable is the frame ultimate strength obtained from finite element analyses. Decision trees are trained to identify important features. Feature rankings are derived by four feature selection techniques including impurity-based, permutation, SHAP, and Spearman's correlation. Predictive performance of the model including the important features are discussed using the evaluation metric for imbalanced datasets, Matthews correlation coefficient. Finally, the results are compared with those from reliability-based sensitivity analysis on the same example frames to show the validity of the feature selection approach. As the proposed machine learning-based approach produces the same results as the reliability-based sensitivity analysis with improved computational efficiency and accuracy, it could be extended to other structural systems.
Memory and Proactive Interference for spatially distributed items
Authors: Endress Ansgar D
Published: April 2021

Our ability to briefly retain information is often limited. Proactive Interference (PI) might contribute to these limitations (e.g., when it is hard to reject items in a recognition test that have appeared recently). In visual Working Memory (WM), spatial information might protect WM against PI, especially if encoding items together with their spatial locations makes item-location combinations less confusable than simple items without a spatial component. Here, I ask (1) if PI is observed for spatially distributed items, (2) if it arises among simple items or among item-location combinations, and (3) if spatial information affects PI at all. I show that PI is reliably observed for spatially distributed items except when it is weak. PI mostly reflects items that appear recently or frequently as memory items, while occurrences as test items play a smaller role, presumably because their temporal context is easier to encode. Through mathematical modeling, I then show that interference occurs among simple items rather than item-location combinations. Finally, to understand the effects of spatial information, I separate the effects of (a) the presence and (b) the predictiveness of spatial information on memory and its susceptibility to PI. Memory is impaired when items are spatially distributed, but, depending on the analysis, unaffected by the predictiveness of spatial information. In contrast, the susceptibility to PI is unaffected by either manipulation. Visual memory is thus impaired by PI for spatially distributed items due to interference from recent memory items (rather than test items or item-location combinations).
Toddler-directed and adult-directed gesture frequency in monolingual and bilingual caregivers
Authors: Molnar Monika , Leung Kai Ian , Herrera Jodee Santos , Giezen Marcel
Published: April 2021

Aims and ObjectivesThis study was designed to assess whether bilingual caregivers, compared to monolingual caregivers, modify their nonverbal gestures to match the increased communicative and/or cognitive-linguistic demands of bilingual language contexts - as would be predicted based on the Facilitative Strategy Hypothesis.MethodologyWe recorded the rate of gestures (i.e., representational and beat gestures) in monolingual and bilingual caregivers when they retold a cartoon story to their child or to an adult, in a monolingual and a bilingual context (‘synonym’ context for monolingual caregivers).Data and AnalysisWe calculated the frequency of all gestures, representational gestures, and beat gestures for each addressee (adult-directed vs. toddler-directed) and linguistic context (monolingual vs. bilingual/synonym), separately for the monolingual and the bilingual caregivers. Using Linear Mixed Models, we contrasted monolingual vs. bilingual caregivers’ gesture frequency. Findings/ConclusionsBilingual caregivers gesture more than monolingual caregivers, irrespective of addressee and language context. Furthermore, we found evidence in support of the Facilitative Strategy hypothesis across both monolingual and bilingual caregivers, as all caregivers increased the rate of their representational gestures in the child-directed re-telling. Furthermore, both bilingual and monolingual caregivers used more gestures in the context of increased communicative demands (bilingual context or using synonyms for monolingual caregivers). OriginalityTo our knowledge, this is the first study of gesture use in child-directed communication in monolingual and bilingual caregivers.Significance/ImplicationsIndependent of their monolingual or bilingual status, caregivers adjust their multimodal communication strategies (specifically gestures) when interacting with their children. Furthermore, both monolingual and bilingual caregivers increase their gesture rate when communicative demands are higher.
The Phenomenological Control Scale: Measuring the capacity for creating illusory nonvolition, hallucination and delusion.
Authors: Lush Peter , Scott Ryan Bradley , Seth Anil , Dienes Zoltan
Published: April 2021

Phenomenological control is the ability to generate experiences to meet expectancies. There are stable trait differences in this ability, as shown by responses to imaginative suggestions of, for example, paralysis, amnesia, and auditory, visual, gustatory and tactile hallucinations. Phenomenological control has primarily been studied within the context of hypnosis, in which suggestions are delivered following a hypnotic induction. Reports of substantial relationships between phenomenological control in a hypnotic context (hypnotisability) and experimental measures (e.g., the rubber hand illusion) suggest the need for a broad investigation of the influence of phenomenological control in psychological experiments. However, hypnosis is not required for successful response to imaginative suggestion. Because misconceptions about the hypnotic context may influence hypnotisability scores, a non-hypnotic scale which better matches the contextual expectancies of other experiments and avoids the hypnotic context is potentially better suited for such investigation. We present norms for the Phenomenological Control Scale (PCS), an adaptation of the Sussex Waterloo Scale of Hypnotisability (SWASH) which is free of the hypnotic context. Mean scores for the PCS are higher than for SWASH, and the subjective scales of PCS and SWASH show similar reliability. The PCS subjective scale is a reliable tool for measuring trait response to imaginative suggestion (i.e., phenomenological control) outside the context of hypnosis.
Exploring the Social Security Benefit Implications of Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: Pollard Michael S. , Lopez Italo
Published: April 2021

Same-sex marriage became legal nationwide in the United States on June 26, 2015. Federal legalization of same sex marriage expands the pool of individuals potentially eligible for spousal benefits from Social Security to the estimated 4% of the population that is lesbian, gay, or bisexual. This chapter is a foundational step to better understand the potential impact of the expansion of marriage rights to same-sex couples on Social Security. We primarily use data from the 2011-2015 American Community Survey to describe the economic circumstances of heterosexual and same-sex households. We estimate the anticipated social security benefit amounts for these individuals, as well as eligibility to claim spousal benefits. We estimate the size of the gay and lesbian populations by age and sex from 2017-2040 using standard demographic methods. Finally, we supplement the analyses with new data from the RAND American Life Panel.
Personalized Big Data for Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Support
Authors: Ash Garrett I. , Nally Laura M. , Stults-Kolehmainen Matthew , De Los Santos Melissa , Jeon Sangchoon , Brandt Cynthia , Gulanski Barbara , Spanakis Elias , Baker Julien S. , Weinzimer Stuart A. , Fucito Lisa
Published: April 2021

Objective: Evaluate feasibility, safety, acceptability, and estimate efficacy of an exercise promotion intervention for adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and sub-optimal baseline exercise patterns.Design: Single-group, 2-week baseline observation then 10-week intervention with follow-up observation.Setting: Community-based sample participating remotely with physician oversightParticipants: Volunteers 18-65 years old with T1D screened for medical readiness for exercise intervention offerings. N=20 enrolled, N=17 completing all outcomes with 88%-91% biosensor adherence. Intervention: Feedback on big data from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), its intersection with other ecological datasets (exercise, mood, sleep), and other informational and motivational elements (exercise videos, text-based exercise coach, self-monitoring diary). Main Outcome Measures: Feasibility (use metrics, assessment completion), safety (mild and severe hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis), acceptability (system usability scale, single items, interview themes), standard clinical and psychosocial assessments.Results: Participants increased exercise from a median of 0 (IQR 0, 21) to 64 (20, 129) minutes per week (p=.004, d=0.71) with no severe hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis. Body mass index increased (29.5±5.1 to 29.8±5.4 kg/m2, p= .02, d= 0.57). Highest satisfaction ratings were for CGM use (89%) and data on exercise and its intersection with CGM and sleep (94%). Satisfaction was primarily due to improved exercise management behavioral skills, although derived motivation was transient.Conclusions: The use of personalized big data from biosensors to substantiate human-delivered, client-centered exercise support for T1D is feasible and acceptable for interventions involving big data collection. However, there is a need for more intensive, sustained support. The big data could support informatics-based, automated motivational tools.
A 13 year hospital based study on the Trend of Urinary Stone Disease in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Kakkar Monica , Kakkar Rakesh
Published: April 2021

Background: The present retrospective study on urinary stone disease in the Uttarakhand state was necessitated as no study has been done yet.

Methods: A retrospective study covering a period of about 13 years (2005-18) was conducted on the urinary stones removed from the patients, admitted at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun. The incidence of the disease, site of stones in urinary tract upon diagnosis, composition of removed stones and occurrence of a possible co-relationship between the incidence of the urinary stone disease at different times, age, sex, religion of the patients was investigated.

Results: The frequency of occurrence of urinary stones in males was found to be almost three times more as compared to their female counterparts. The above trend was consistent over the entire period of the study. Interestingly, in the Muslim and Sikh population of the area, females were found to be less prone to the problem as compared to their Hindu counterparts.  However, in all religious groups, 21-40 years old subjects were found to be most susceptible to the problem and approximately 90% of the urinary stones were recovered from the kidneys and primarily composed of calcium oxalate.

Conclusion: The co-relationship between the occurrence of urinary stones with age, sex of the patients, their religion & site of stones on diagnosis was found to be statistically significant. 

Keywords: Urolithiasis, Urinary Stone disease, Urinary calculus, Renal stones.
Pengaruh Current Ratio, Return On Assets, dan Nilai Tukar Rupiah terhadap Harga Saham Farmasi
Authors: Nur'aeni Neni , Manda Gusganda Suria
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted at manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector. This research focus is on the pharmaceutical company sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2018. The population in this study was 11 companies. This study used a purposive sampling method, and then, based on the predetermined CRiteria, obtained eight samples of companies that will be tested in this study. The type of data in this research is quantitative data. The data source used is secondary data sourced from the official website of the IDX, BI, and their respective companies. This study's results indicate that only the Current Ratio and Return On Assets partially have a significant effect on stock prices. However, simultaneously Current Ratio, Return On Assets, and Rupiah Exchange Rate have a significant influence on stock prices.
Model-Based Insulin Sensitivity as a New Biomarker of Sepsis Diagnosis in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wan Muhd Shukeri Wan Fadzlina , Mat-Nor Mohd Basri , Md. Ralib Azrina , Jamaludin Ummu Kulthum
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: Currently, there is a lack of real-time biomarker to diagnose sepsis. Insulin sensitivity (SI) may be determined in real-time using mathematical glucose-insulin models, but its effectiveness as a diagnostic test of sepsis remains unexplored. We aimed to explore the diagnostic value of model-based SI as a new biomarker of sepsis in a mixed cohort of diabetic and non-diabetic patients newly admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analysed SI levels derived from the Intensive[1]Control-of-Insulin-Nutrition-Glucose model in septic (n=45) and non-septic (n = 41) patients upon their ICU admission. The diagnostic value of model-based SI for sepsis was determined through analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: Baseline SI levels were significantly lower in patients with sepsis than those without sepsis (0.560 (SD=0.676) vs. 1.097 (SD=1.473) x 10-4 L/mU/min, P = 0.037). However, the AUC of 0.588 revealed that model-based SI was a poor diagnostic test of sepsis in the mixed cohort of diabetics and non-diabetics. In a separate analysis among the non-diabetics (n=19), model-based SI predicted sepsis with clinically valid performance (AUC 0.911). CONCLUSION: Presence of sepsis significantly reduced SI in the critically ill patients but a low SI could predict sepsis only in the non-diabetic cohort.
Evaluating Frozen Strawberries as a Strategy for Thirst Management in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Authors: Hudiyawati Dian , Suswardany D. L.
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: Thirst sensation in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients is caused by diuretic administration and fluid consumption  limitation.  Unhandled thirst sensation leads to  a  disobedient  patient  in  fluid  consumption limitation   that   causes   the   patient   condition   to   worsen.   This   research   aimed   to   analyse   the   frozen strawberries administration's   effects   on   the   thirst   sensation   in   a   patient   with   CHF . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The  method  used  was  a  quasi-experiment  with  a  pre-test  and  post-test  control  group  design.  The number of respondents was 34 patients divided into two groups: 17 respondents in the intervention group and 17 respondents in  the  control  group.  The  sampling  technique  was  stratified  random  sampling  based  on  NYHA classification  in  the  respondents.  Frozen  strawberries  were  given  to  the  intervention  group,  while  ice  cubes  were given  to  the control group. All the data were  analyzed  using a t-test.RESULT:The results showed that the mean score of the thirst intensity of the intervention and control group was 4.44 and 2.35, respectively. The independent t-test of the mean difference of thirst intensity pre and post-test between the intervention and control groups was p=0.001.  According  to  the  paired  t-test  analysis,  the  thirst  intensity  score  between  pre-test  and  post-test  was p<0.001, from moderate to low thirst  intensity. CONCLUSION:Frozen  strawberries were statistically effective in reducing the thirst intensity in a patient with CHF.
Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Towards COVID-19 among Medical Students in International Islamic University Malaysia: An Online Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abd Rahim Ikhlas Solehah , Roslan Muhammad Badrul Nizam , Mohamad Zaini Nur Najihah , Kasim Nur Syazwani , Mohd Yazid Muhammad Izz Hilmi , Pasi Hafizah , Nasreen Hashima E
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 pandemic has caused a major impact to global public health including one of the high risk groups which is the medical students. This study was intended to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among medical students in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). MATERIAL AND METHOD: An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 438 medical students of IIUM from 6th July 2020 to 9th July 2020. KAP towards COVID-19 was measured using a structured Malay and English version questionnaire consisting of 13 items on knowledge, 3 items on attitudes and 3 items on practices. RESULTS: The average correct response rate on knowledge was 85.4%. Only 12.1% of the students had correct knowledge on all items, and 1 in every 4 and 5 students had misconceptions on the clinical features and transmission of COVID-19. In term of attitudes towards COVID-19, majority of the respondents believed that COVID-19 would be effectively controlled (85%) and had faith that Malaysia could overcome the war against COVID-19 (99%). Most of the respondents practiced good towards COVID-19 in avoiding crowded places (90%), wearing face masks (95%) and practicing hand hygiene (91.6%). CONCLUSION: Although the results are positive towards KAP, only 1 in every 10 students responded correctly to all knowledge questions, and few proportions had misconceptions on the disease and did not maintain adequate practices. Policies aimed at appropriate health promotion activities may ensure empowering the medical students with adequate knowledge on all aspects of COVID-19, and practice properly following the standard operating procedure implemented by the government.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Colorectal Cancer Patients in Kuantan, Pahang
Authors: F. Muhammad Ishaque , H. Asmah Hanim , A.T. Norlelawati , A Nor Zamzila , E. Feisal , S. Arfahiza
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: The deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) status of colorectal cancer (CRC) is the hallmark of a defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) indirectly detects the affected gene by the loss of its protein product. This study aimed to assess the frequency of different types of dMMR status and associate them with the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients diagnosed at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) and the Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre (SASMEC) using an immunohistochemical method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of 123 CRC cases were retrieved from the Pathology Department of HTAA and SASMEC for patients diagnosed between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018. IHC was performed manually using an Envision Flex Polymer detection kit (Dako) along with four primary anti-mouse antibodies (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6) for the MMR proteins to assess dMMR status. RESULTS: Out of 123 cases, 21 (17.07%) showed the loss of one or more MMR protein expression and were dMMR. There was no statistically significant association between pMMR (proficient Mismatch repair) and dMMR cases with regards to clinicopathological factors (age, sex, race, site of the tumour, TNM (Tumour Node Metastasis) staging, bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, histological type, and tumour differentiation). CONCLUSION: IHC is the preferred method and most reproducible test for assessing dMMR status in CRC patients in the histopathology diagnostic laboratory.
JOURNAL OF ETA MARITIME SCİENCE DERGİSİNİN BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: YORULMAZ Murat , BARIŞ Serkan
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, The Journal of ETA Maritime Science dergisinde 2013 yılından 2020 yılının 2. sayısına kadar yayımlanan, hakem denetimli makaleler bibliyometrik özellikleri açısından incelenmiştir. Denizcilik alanına yaptığı yayımlarla katkıda bulunan dergi, 2016 yılına kadar yılda 2 sayı yayımlarken, 2016 yılında ve sonrasında yılda 4 sayı yayımlamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında hakem denetimli yayınlanmış 153 makaleye ait veriler, Excel programına aktarılmıştır. Excel’ de oluşturulan konu başlığına göre 17 sutun oluşturulmuştur. Her bir makaleden elde edilen bilgiler bu başlıklar altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Toplanan bu bilgilerden yine Excel yardımıyla hesaplamalar yapılmış, grafikler ve tablolar oluşturulmuştur. Bunun yanında Maxqda 2020 programı kullanılarak, Excel üzerinde toplanan veriler bu programa aktarılmış ve makale başlıklarının kelime frekans tablosu çıkarılıp, kelime bulutu oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda; yıl bazında en fazla makale 29 adet çalışma ile 2017 yılında yayımlanmıştır. Yıllık ortalama yayınlanan makale sayısı 19,15’dir. Yayınlanan makalelerin %57’si Türkçe, %43’ü İngilizce’dir. Makalelerin ortalama sayfa sayısı 12,4 iken; makakalelerin en uzunu 25 sayfa, en kısası 2 sayfadır. Makalelerin ortalama kaynakça sayısı 26,9’dur. Toplam 363 yazardan; 283’ü erkek, 60’ı kadındır. En fazla yayın yapan kurum 82 yazarla Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi’dir. Makale yazarlarının %87,98’i Türk üniversitelerinde görev yapmaktadır. Konu başlıklarına göre makaleler incelendiğinde, 37 makaleyle en fazla Gemi Makineları alanında makale yazılmıştır. Makalelerin %60’ında nicel, %29’unda nitel ve %11’inde karma araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Makale başlıklarının kelime frekansı incelendiğinde, derginin amacı bakımından en yüksek frekansa “Gemi” kelimesi sahipken, kapsam bakımından en yüksek frekansa “Analizi” kelimesi sahiptir.
EDAT GRUPLARINDA İSİM UNSURUNU OLUŞTURAN KELİME GRUPLARI
Authors: KÜÇÜK Salim , KANDEMİR Sabri Muratcan
Published: April 2021

Edatlar, tek başına anlamı olmayan sözcükler olarak varlıkları ve hareketleri karşılamazlar. Ancak kelime, kelime grubu veya cümlelerle bir arada kullanıldıklarında farklı anlam ilişkileri kurabilirler. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı edatlar görevli, yardımcı, manasız kelimeler vs. olarak bilinirler. Ayrıca söz diziminde isim unsurundan sonra gelip edat grubu denilen kelime grubunu oluştururlar.
Bu çalışmada edat gruplarında “isim unsuru”nu oluşturan ilk kelime grubunun türünün belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, giriş bölümü hariç iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde edat türünden bahsedilmiştir ve Türkiye Türkçesinde kullanılan bazı çekim edatları verilmiştir. Daha sonra birinci bölümde edat grubu ve özellikleri açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca bu bölümde Türkçenin grameri kapsamında çalışma yapan araştırmacılar tarafından edat grubu bağlamında yapılan farklı adlandırmalar gramer kitapları, dil bilim sözlükleri ve gramer sözlükleri incelenerek Tablo 1 ve Tablo 2’de verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise tüm kelime grupları, edat gruplarında isim unsuru olabilmeleri açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında edat gruplarıyla ilgili teorik hususlarda Türkiye Türkçesinin söz dizimiyle ilgili kitap, tez ve makale gibi kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır. Teorik hususların örneklendirilmesinde ise alanla ilgili akademik eserlere başvurulmuş, bazı edebî eserler taranmış ve eserlerdeki ilişkili örnekler çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Bazı örnek cümleler ise tarafımızca oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda on dört kelime grubundan on üçünün edat gruplarında isim unsuru olabildiği saptanmıştır. Edat gruplarında isim unsuru olamayan tek kelime grubunun ise birleşik fiil olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Optimization of spreadable carob cream formulation with mixture design
Authors: Memiş Emine , Tontul İsmail
Published: April 2021

Carob is used as a source of sugar in many product formulations due to its naturally high sugar content. In addition, carob naturally contains a high content of D-pinitol. D-pinitol is an important food ingredient since it regulates glucose metabolism in the body and can be used in the diets of Type 2 diabetic patients. In this study, spreadable cream was produced using carob powder instead of cocoa. Although there are various studies carried out for this purpose in the literature, the optimum formulation was determined for the first time in this study by using optimization methods. The results of the study showed that the formulation has a significant effect on sensorial properties. It was determined that all sensory parameters except consistency increased with increasing sugar syrup ratio. The formulation, which provides the highest overall acceptability (>7), was calculated as 29% carob flour, 32% sugar syrup and 24% fat. It was determined that L *, b * and DPPH radical scavenging activity values could not be statistically modelled. a * and total phenolic content of samples was increased by increment of carob flour in the formulation. As a result, the formulation that maximizes sensorial properties and total phenolic content was calculated as 25% carob flour, 39.3% sugar syrup and 20.7% fat.
Investigation of nutritional and functional properties of extruded corn snacks with bran addition
Authors: Şahin Nazlı , Bilgiçli Nermin , Sayaslan Abdulvahit
Published: April 2021

Corn snacks are commonly produced and consumed snack foods. The nutritional and functional properties of extruded snacks that were produced using corn semolina are rather poor. In this study, the effects of wheat bran addition to extruded corn snack formulation were investigated. For this purpose, the extrusion conditions were first optimized using Central Composite Design - Response Surface Methodology (CCD-RSM), based on the physical properties of the products (hardness, crispness, brittleness, expansion rate, apparent density and porosity). Upon optimization, the best extruded snack production conditions were determined (moisture content of the mixture 14%, die temperature 120°C, bran: corn semolina ratio 10%, corn starch: bran + corn semolina ratio 10%) and the results were verified via experimental studies. Then, the bran ratio of the mixture was gradually increased from 10% to 22% and 5 different extruded snacks with varying bran contents (10%, 13%, 16%, 19% and 22% bran) were produced . Chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash) and nutritional properties (phytic acid, dietary fiber, total phenolic substance and total antioxidant capacity) of the extruded corn snacks with bran additions (ECSwBA) were determined. The addition of bran at the optimized rate (%10) positively affected the physical properties of extruded corn snacks. Further increase in the bran addition partially weakened the physical properties of corn snacks. However, as the bran addition ratio increased, the nutritional and functional properties of the extruded corn snacks increased significantly.
Use of antimicrobial packaging systems in the production and storage of meat and meat products
Authors: Çelebi Sezer Yasemin , Bozkurt Hüseyin
Published: April 2021

Many microbiological, enzymatic, physicochemical, and biochemical changes occur during the production and storage of fresh and processed meat products, which tend to deteriorate more easily by their nature. Nevertheless, consumers mainly prefer cost-effective foods that have a longer shelf life and minimally modified natural properties, can be easily prepared, and in which fewer additives are used. For these reasons, the food packaging industry has turned towards developing new applications with different functions that are not found in traditional packaging methods, such as antimicrobial packaging systems, especially for the protection and improvement of food quality and safety. In this type of packaging, in addition to improving food safety and quality, the shelf life of the product is extended by slowing down the growth rate of microorganisms. Thus, the existing growth of microorganisms during the transportation and storage of the product is also prevented. Therefore, the preservatives taken into the human body with foods are reduced, and the negative effects on health are also avoided. In these systems, the application of antimicrobial food packaging components to the packaging material can be performed by the addition of antimicrobial agents into the polymer, coating polymer surfaces with antimicrobial agents, immobilizing antimicrobial agents on the polymer, and using polymers with antimicrobial properties. In this review, antimicrobial packaging and application methods were generally explained, and innovative packaging systems and their use in meat and meat products were evaluated.