bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Favorable evolution on functional key components but with multiple remaining phatological elements in a patient diagnosed with toraco-lombar SCI - Case report
Authors: PETCU Irina Raluca , SERBAN Daniel , DELCEA Florin , BADIU Dumitru Cristinel , OPREA (MANDU) Mihaela , POPESCU Cristina , ONOSE Gelu
Published: January 2021

Introduction: This paper presents an extremely complex case: paraplegia with T11 neurological level after a thoraco-lumbar spinal cord injury (SCI), with T12 commutative fracture, by falling from about 2 meters (operated on 17.02.2020), currently having an AIS/ Frankel C motor deficit, with multiple complications and successive aggravation, as well as the approach of its therapeutically-rehabilitation management. Materials and methods: 41-year-old male patient admitted to our Clinical Division for motor deficiency of paraplegia type, immediately postoperative AIS/ Frankel C, currently AIS/ Frankel D, for superficial sensitivity disorders with T11 level was clinically and functionally evaluated, according to the implemented standard protocols of our Clinic, by the following measurement evaluation scales: AIS, FIM, QQL (Quality of life), Ashworth, Penn, FAC, WISCI II and investigated paraclinical). Duringh hospitalization, the patient presented numerous aggravations and complications such as: urinary tract infection with E. Coli; left epididymo-orchities, all this aggravating and delaying therapeutic procedures, respectively recovery results. Results: Following an optimal treatment including pharmacological and a complex neuro-rehabilitation program, the patient had a favorable evolution with increased values of the measurement scales (motor AIS with 13 points, FIM motor with 5 points, QQL with 9 points, and FAC with 1 point ); incomplet remission of the bladder and neurogenic bowel dysfunction (intermittent urinary catheterization); increased muscle strength with improved walking speed and balance. Conclusion: The rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury is a complex process which requires taking into account all associated pathologies that can play a decisive role in the evolution of the patient. A multidisciplinary team is required for such purposes.
Keywords: spine-cord injury, paraplegia, poly-pathologic, rehabilitation,
Evolution, Conceptualization and Legal Implications of Social Rights
Authors: Lisboa José Luis Corona , Hernández Marizé Damaris Mijares
Published: January 2021

This document constitutes a review article where the antecedents, concepts, classification and importance of fundamental social rights in the world of Law and for a contemporary society in search of the vindication of human dignity as a way of life and sustainability are exposed. The methodology used was exhaustive documentary research, where a review and classification of the most interesting articles on the subject was made, where the opinion of the cited researchers and the author's own ideas are exposed. It is concluded that fundamental social rights are essential to establish legal-social mechanisms in favor of social coexistence and the promotion of life as the backbone of society.
The Bases of Montessori Pedagogy as a Facilitating factor for Child Development in Burkina Faso and Spain
Authors: Macià-Gual Aida , Domingo-Peñafiel Laura
Published: January 2021

Education faces barriers all over the world, which sometimes makes it difficult to look after children’s rights and their individual development. Hence, society is clamoring for new practices, and different approaches are emerging, Montessori among them. Despite the fact that this approach was developed to attend to the poor strata, nowadays it is basically promoted by elitist sectors, though it can be perfectly applied as an education system for all children, regardless of their socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. This study analyzes the bases of Montessori pedagogy in a school from a low-to-middle-income country (LMIC), Burkina Faso, and another school in a high-income country (HIC), Spain. The study takes into account children, family, school environment and teacher training all of which contribute to children’s development.
Education Policies in the Context of Political Communication in Turkey
Authors: Eren Ebru
Published: January 2021

The present study aims to discuss how political communication shape education policies in Turkey: How does political communication make education policy a political product based on ideology? What are the ideological differences between education policies in Turkey? The political party programs and election manifestos related to the General Election held on June 24, 2018 in Turkey are examined with the content analysis method in the context of political communication. The data of this research confirmed that political party’s ideologies are effective in the determination and the application process of education policies in Turkey. As a result, the impact of political communication on education policy is defended as a political product in this paper.
A Systematic Review of Behavioral Interventions for Elementary School Children with Social, Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties: Contributions from Single-Case Research Studies
Authors: Sanches-Ferreira Manuela , Alves Sílvia , Silveira-Maia Mónica , Santos Miguel , Tosto Crispino , Chifari Antonella , McGee Colin , Savio Nicola Lo , Bilanin Sebastian , Merlo Gianluca
Published: January 2021

Challenges arising from the classroom behavioral management of students with social, emotional and behavioral difficulties are a concern for educational professionals. The purpose of this study is to review common elements of behavior interventions for the disruptive behaviors of children with social, emotional and behavioral difficulties. A systematic review was conducted through an electronic search of studies (from 2000 to 2017) on ERIC, Web of Science, FRANCIS, and MEDLINE databases. The inclusion criteria involved: (i) an intervention improving behaviors at school of children with disruptive behaviors; (ii) elementary school children with the majority of the sample or average age between 6-11 years old; (iii) at least one measurable outcome focusing on social/emotional/behavioral outcomes; (iv) single-case designs. Of the 5339 articles that were identified in the initial screening, 27 met the criteria to be included in the review. Common characteristics of successful interventions are discussed to make recommendations for future implementation.
Design and numerical analysis of a high-performance optical modulator based on Si-VO2 Bragg grating waveguide
Authors: Pouyan Sohrab Mohammadi , Miri Mehdi , Sheikhi Mohammad Hossein
Published: January 2021

Design and numerical characterization of a high-performance

V
O

2

-based optical modulator are proposed. The modulation is achieved by the phase transition of

V
O

2

in a Bragg grating which can be formed by the selective

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O

2

deposition on a silicon strip waveguide. The interplay of the Bragg reflection and the inherent loss of the metal phase

V
O

2

is used to increase the extinction ratio (ER) while the similarity of the refractive indices of the silicon and insulator phase

V
O

2

resulted in a low insertion loss (IL). ER and IL of the modulator are 34.5 dB and 3.4 dB, respectively, at the wavelength of 1.55 µm, and they are, respectively, above 33 dB and below 3.5 dB across the entire optical C-band. The ER can be improved to 110 dB at the expense of an increased IL of 7.3 dB. The energy consumption and the modulation speed are estimated by considering different

V
O

2

triggering schemes, and it is shown that the energy consumption of 91.7fJ/bit and the speed of 14 THz can be achieved with the proper

V
O

2

stimulation. Furthermore, the robustness of the device performance to fabrication errors is studied by simulating the effect of the variation in different geometrical parameters.
Integrable all-optical switch for photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Kumar Shatrughna , Sen Mrinal
Published: January 2021

A completely new model of an all-optical switch (AOS) is proposed using a silicon photonic crystal (PhC) slab based nonlinear Mach–Zehnder interferometer (NMZI). Both arms of the NMZI are designed using p-toluene sulfonate (PTS) based slotted PhC waveguides (PTS-SPCWs). Extreme optical confinement in SPCW is used here to intensify optical nonlinearities of PTS. The intensified nonlinearity produces significant phase changes in optical pulses within a small waveguide length, even when the optical power is sufficiently small. One arm of the NMZI is coupled with a control wave to incur additional phase shift compared to the other due to cross-phase modulation, in addition to self-phase modulation, which is a common phenomenon for both. The differential phase shift originates destructive/constructive interference, leading to a successful switching operation of the AOS. Switching characteristics of the AOS are evaluated for a variety of parameters. A typical example shows that the AOS can switch off 12.55 mW probe power with an extinction ratio of

≈
50.5

d
B

by applying 5.65 mW control power, while the device footprint is merely

259

µ

m

2

. The low-power and high-speed operation makes this small footprint AOS device suitable for applications in photonic integrated circuits.
Enhancement of electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption signals in 85Rb atomic vapor medium by using a small external magnetic field
Authors: Chauhan Vikas Singh , Kumar Rohit , Manchaiah Dixith , Easwaran Raghavan K.
Published: January 2021

In the present work, a theoretical and experimental study to enhance electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) signals in an

85

R
b

atomic vapor medium at room temperature is conducted. Also, switching from EIT to EIA signal at a particular value of the magnetic field is observed. Further, by using circularly polarized coupling light, the dispersion profile of the linearly polarized probe signal is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The nine-level system of

85

R
b

D2 transition in a ladder-type configuration is fully solved by using the density matrix theory. The simulated results are found in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations. Hence, an experimental setup is developed for (1) achieving enhanced EIT and EIA signal, (2) switching from EIT to EIA, and (3) dispersion measurement. These observations have potential applications towards measurement of the group velocity of light, quantum memory, quantum information, and optical switching.
Refraction correction and coordinate displacement compensation in nearshore bathymetry using ICESat-2 lidar data and remote-sensing images
Authors: Chen Yifu , Zhu Zhen , Le Yuan , Qiu Zhenge , Chen Gang , Wang Lizhe
Published: January 2021

In nearshore bathymetry based on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), water refraction causes a position displacement of the seafloor signal photon, decreasing the bathymetric accuracy. A novel refraction-correction method is proposed for the ICESat-2. Based on the experimental results and statistical analysis, it is illustrated that the displacement in elevation direction reaches several meters at the relative depth. The displacement in the along- and cross-track directions is very small, ranging from millimeters to centimeters. Finally, the relationship of refraction displacements with various incident angles and water depths is analyzed in detail, revealing the nearshore bathymetry characteristics of ICESat-2.
Optical transfer function of time-gated coherent imaging in the presence of a scattering medium
Authors: Kang Pilsung , Kang Sungsam , Jo Yonghyeon , Ko Hakseok , Kim Guanghoon , Lee Ye-Ryoung , Choi Wonshik
Published: January 2021

Optical imaging of objects embedded within scattering media such as biological tissues suffers from the loss of resolving power. In our previous work, we proposed an approach called collective accumulation of single scattering (CASS) microscopy that attenuates this detrimental effect of multiple light scattering by combining the time-gated detection and spatial input-output correlation. In the present work, we perform a rigorous theoretical analysis on the effect of multiple light scattering to the optical transfer function of CASS microscopy. In particular, the spatial frequency-dependent signal to noise ratio (SNR) is derived depending on the intensity ratio of the single- and multiple-scattered waves. This allows us to determine the depth-dependent resolving power. We conducted experiments using a Siemens star-like target having various spatial frequency components and supported the theoretical derived SNR spectra. Our study provides a theoretical framework for understanding the effect of multiple light scattering in high-resolution and deep-tissue optical imaging
Swine hemorrhagic shock model and pathophysiological changes in a desert dry-heat environment
Authors: Shen Caifu , Wei Dunhong , Wang Guangjun , Kang Yan , Yang Fan , Xu Qin , Xia Liang , Liu Jiangwei
Published: January 2021

Background

This study aimed to establish a traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) model in swine and examine pathophysiological characteristics in a dry-heat environment.

Methods

Forty domestic Landrace piglets were randomly assigned to four study groups: normal temperature non-shock (NS), normal temperature THS (NTHS), desert dry-heat non-shock (DS), and desert dry-hot THS (DTHS) groups. The groups were exposed to either normal temperature (25°C) or dry heat (40.5°C) for 3 h. To induce THS, anesthetized piglets in the NTHS and DTHS groups were subjected to liver trauma and hypovolemic shock until death, and piglets in the NS and DS groups were euthanized at 11 h and 4 h, respectively. Body temperature, blood gas, cytokine production, and organ function were assessed before and after environmental exposure at 0 h and at every 30 min after shock to death. Hemodynamics was measured post exposure and post-shock at 0 h and at every 30 min after shock to death.

Results

Survival, body temperature, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, and cardiac output were significantly different for traumatic hemorrhagic shock in the dry-heat groups compared to those in the normal temperature groups. Lactic acid and IL-6 had a marked increase at 0.5 h, followed by a progressive and rapid increase in the DTHS group.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the combined action of a dry-heat environment and THS leads to higher oxygen metabolism, poorer hemodynamic stability, and earlier and more severe inflammatory response with higher mortality.
Stimulation of follicle growth and development during estrus in Ettawa Grade does fed a flushing supplement of different polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Nugroho Prasetyo , Wiryawan Komang Gede , Astuti Dewi Apri , Manalu Wasmen
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim: Flushing with the manipulation of fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, like linoleic and α-linolenic acids in the ration, is a strategy to raise the nutritional status of the female mammals to improve ovarian function and follicle development. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of flushing supplementation with different types of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in stimulating follicle growth and development during estrus in Ettawa Grade does with a low initial body condition score (BCS ≤2).

Materials and Methods: Eighteen Ettawa Grade does in the second parity, with an average body weight of 32.11±2.19 kg, were divided into three groups according to the fatty acid supplemented to their ration: (i) About 2.8% lauric acid flushing (group); (ii) 2.8% linoleic acid flushing (LA group); and (iii) 2.8% a-linolenic acid flushing (ALA group). The ration was formulated to be isocaloric (total digestible nutrient = 77%) and isonitrogenous (crude protein = 15%). The experiment was conducted for 35 days; that is, 14 days for acclimatization and synchronization of the estrous cycle and 21 days for fatty acid flushing until the appearance of the next estrus. A completely randomized design was applied.

Results: According to the results, none of the different fatty acids in the ration affected the nutrient intakes, BCSs, average daily gains, and plasma glucose, cholesterol, and progesterone concentrations of the three groups of does. However, the BCSs (by 0.8-0.9) and the plasma cholesterol concentrations were higher after fatty acid flushing for 21 days than before the flushing period. The ALA group had the highest number of large-sized preovulatory follicles, whereas the LAURIC group had the highest plasma estradiol concentration during estrus. All three groups had similar plasma progesterone concentrations during estrus after fatty acid flushing.

Conclusion: Flushing supplementation with 2.8% ALA from flaxseed oil gave the best results in terms of stimulating the highest number of large-sized preovulatory follicles in Ettawa Grade does.
MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF HISTORIC PLASTERS BY THE WETTING AND SURFACE PENETRATION METHOD
Authors: Kroftová Klára , Čejka Tomáš
Published: January 2021

The term of a historic plaster or surface coating, respectively, denotes a layer or a multilayer of materials firmly bonded to the substrate, whose structural and technical condition significantly affects not only the aesthetic effect, but mainly the service life of this surfacing. Due to the permanent exposure of plaster surfaces to the external environment (in the exterior as well as the interior), they belong to the group of the most exposed parts of historic and heritage buildings, often exhibiting a high degree of degradation and disintegration. The consolidation and rehabilitation of plasters with, among other things, a degraded binder component, damaged structure and insufficient adhesion of individual layers to each other and to the masonry substrate is a challenging task in the restoration of historic buildings. The paper presents the alternative of strengthening degraded surface layers by means of nanomaterials based on calcium hydroxide applied by the surface penetration method.
From South to North in the globalised world of early childhood education and care: varied national and local responses in selected countries
Authors: Pupala Branislav , Kaščák Ondrej
Published: January 2021

This article analyses the neoliberal transformation of ECEC in five selected countries (Germany, Slovakia, Indonesia, Nepal, and Kenya). Both the Global South and the Global North are represented. The countries were selected either because of the authors’ involvement in research in the respective country or because of their long-term personal experience of that particular system of ECEC. The knowledge the authors acquired enabled them to delve deeper into the question of the point at which ECEC systems encounter neoliberal education policy and to describe the different ways in which the countries have adapted to the new policies. The article shows that neoliberal education policies require different types of adaptation and that these may have very different effects on the system of ECEC – from a change in concept to system convergence and practical resistance or total governance of the ECEC sector. The article contributes to a more granular understanding of the effect of the economising discourse on the ECEC sector.
Keywords: ECEC, social investment approach, EU, Germany, Slovakia, Indonesia, Kenya, Nepal, Global North, Global South
Cognitive Operations in Teachers’ Development of Reflective Skills: WANDA Group reflection in a Czech primary school
Authors: Poche Kargerová Jana , Vallin Petra , Etchegoyen Rosolová Kamila , Bajerová Kristýna
Published: January 2021

In the current rapidly changing world, demands on teacher quality and teacher change are ever- increasing. One important and powerful way to transform schools is through teacher professional development focusing on teachers’ reflective skills. But the development of reflective skills is challenging not only from a practical standpoint but also in terms of the demands it places on teachers’ cognitive operations. In our study we examined how a specific highly-structured method called WANDA facilitates the development of teachers’ reflective skills. WANDA is a form of professional development through group reflection embedded in a five-stage reflective cycle. We connected the stages with cognitive operations employed in the development of reflective skills, and assessed how teachers respond to each stage. Our case study draws on a qualitative research inquiry including semi-structured interviews with nine WANDA participants who teach in a Czech primary school. Our results show that a crucial phase of WANDA that comes early in the process imposes very high demands on teachers’ cognitive operations. Teachers might be better prepared to engage in this phase if it comes later in the process and is swapped with another stage that the teachers found highly engaging and fun thanks to its playful form. Overall, WANDA appears to be a meaningful tool in developing teachers’ reflective skills, leading them to metacognition, the ultimate peak of self-reflection.
Keywords: professional development, WANDA method, group reflection, professional learning communities
Roman law in the period of profound changes in Polish science
Authors: Dajczak Wojciech
Published: January 2021

Separating Roman law from the theory of applicable private law inspires - from the beginning of 20th century – the questions pertaining to the meaning, aims, and methods of researching Roman law. This article analyses these issues in the context of the changes of the evaluation of research resulted from the Polish higher education and science act enacted in 2018. The core of this analysis is the comparison of the traditional understanding of the internationalization of the study of Roman law by Polish researchers and the understanding of world-class research according to the new Polish law. The tension between traditional approach of Romanists and bibliometric criteria of evaluation has significant implication for whether and how the Roman law should be studied and taught on the Polish faculties of law. The paper stresses the role of the impact of Polish researches of Roman law on the European debate about basic problems of private law and legal method today. The future of Roman law in Polish legal education interacts with today’s fundamental dispute about what is Western civilization and how it is to be understood.
O małżeńskich darowiznach na wypadek śmierci w XVIII w. w świetle akt Metryki Koronnej
Authors: Głuszak Marcin
Published: January 2021

Darowizna między małżonkami na wypadek śmierci, choć była instytucją regulowaną przez prawo chełmińskie, w XVIII w. zaczęła stopniowo zyskiwać popularność wśród szlachty. Stanowiła atrakcyjną alternatywę dla powszechnie zawieranych umów dożywocia, które wprawdzie zabezpieczały ekonomicznie dożywotnika, nie przenosiły jednak na niego prawa własności i wprowadzały szereg ograniczeń, w tym zakaz alienacji dóbr objętych umową. Darowizna na wypadek śmierci była rozwiązaniem dla małżonków korzystniejszym. Niemniej mogli oni zawrzeć taką umowę tylko w przypadku braku wspólnego potomstwa. Na jej mocy przenoszone było prawo własności. W przeciwieństwie do dożywocia darowizna nie skutkowała więc zawieszeniem uprawnień spadkobierców w czasie, ale wykluczała ich od dziedziczenia. Obowiązkiem obdarowanej strony było jedynie wypłacenie najbliższym krewnym zmarłego rekompensaty, najczęściej w formie sumy pieniężnej wskazanej w umowie.
Civilek az egészségesebb életért
Authors: Péntek Eszter
Published: January 2021

Péntek Eszter (2005): Az egészségügyi civil szervezetek szerepe a helyi egészségpolitika alakításában.
Női jogok és a leánynévhasználat a XIX. század első felében
Authors: Gáspár Gabriella
Published: January 2021

Gáspár Gabriella (2005): Női jogok és a leánynévhasználat a XIX. század első felében.
Ellentmondásos szerepelvárások, nők az államszocializmusban
Authors: Schadt Mária
Published: January 2021

Schadt Mária (2005): Ellentmondásos szerepelvárások, nők az államszocializmusban.
Az elitek változása
Authors: Bognár Bulcsu
Published: January 2021

Bognár Bulcsu (2005): Az elitek változása. Új megközelítések a kvantitatív adatbázisok történetszociológiai elemzésében.
Láthatatlan falak árnyékában
Authors: Németh A. Violetta
Published: January 2021

Németh A. Violetta (2010): Láthatatlan falak árnyékában. Antiszegregáció Pécsett.
Fogyatékos életesélyek - életútinterjúk tükrében
Authors: Harnóczi Edina , Makai Alexandra , Simon Gabriella , Vágner Nikolett
Published: January 2021

Harnóczi Edina - Makai Alexandra - Simon Gabriella - Vágner Nikolett (2010): Fogyatékos életesélyek - életútinterjúk tükrében.
A nemek közötti egyenlőtlenségek társadalmi meghatározottsága a felsőoktatásban, tudományos kutatásban
Authors: Schadt Mária
Published: January 2021

Schadt Mária (2010): A nemek közötti egyenlőtlenségek társadalmi meghatározottságaa felsőoktatásban, tudományos kutatásban
A társadalmi nemek közti egyenlőség szempontjait figyelembe vevő hatáselemzés - Gender Impact Assessment - mint a gender mainstreaming eszköze
Authors: Gazsi Judit
Published: January 2021

Gazsi Judit (2010): A társadalmi nemek közti egyenlőség szempontjait figyelembe vevő hatáselemzés - Gender Impact Assessment - mint a gender mainstreaming eszköze.
A 21. század idős generációja
Authors: Brettner Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2021

Brettner Zsuzsanna (2012): A 21. század idős generációja.
Kivándorlási, külföldi munkavállalási tervek a PTE hallgatóinak körében
Authors: Rohr Adél
Published: January 2021

Rohr Adél (2012): Kivándorlási, külföldi munkavállalási tervek a PTE hallgatóinak körében.
From the One to the Many
Authors: Takács Erzsébet
Published: January 2021

Takács Erzsébet (2012): From the One to the Many. From Pierre Bourdieu’s habitus theory to the concept of Bernard Lahire’s l’homme pluriel.
Migránsok lelki egészségét befolyásoló tényezők vizsgálata elsőgenerációs németországi magyarok körében
Authors: Ládonyi Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2021

Ládonyi Zsuzsanna (2013): Migránsok lelki egészségét befolyásoló tényezők vizsgálata elsőgenerációs németországi magyarok körében.
A középkori muszlim és európai egyetemek (A tolerancia kérdése és a történelemtanítás apropóján)
Authors: Oláh Ildikó
Published: January 2021

Oláh Ildikó (2013): A középkori muszlim és európai egyetemek (A tolerancia kérdése és a történelemtanítás apropóján).
Populista aspektusok a politikai beszédekben. Az „én” és a „mi” személyes névmások használata 20. századi diktátorok retorikájában
Authors: H. Prikler Renáta , Huszár Zoltán
Published: January 2021

A retorika fontos része a politikai beszédeknek, amelyekben bármely elemnek lehet stratégiai fontossága vagy szimbolikus szerepe, még a jelentéktelennek tűnő személyes névmásoknak is. Jelen írás három olyan személy – Hitler, Sztálin és Rákosi – beszédein keresztül mutat be névmáshasználati tendenciákat, akik történelemformáló szerepet játszottak a huszadik században és ezt a szerepet hatásos populista szónoklatokkal igyekeztek erősíteni.

A 2018 őszén végzett kutatás fő célja annak a kiderítése volt, hogy az említett vezetők beszédeiben hogyan változott az „én” és a „mi” személyes névmások használata aktív működésük különböző szakaszaiban. Mikor volt hangsúlyos a gyakran magányos, de a személyt mások fölé emelő „én”, és mikor oldódott fel a gyakran csalóka, nem feltétlenül kollektív „mi”-ben? A korpusznyelvészeti eszközökkel végzett vizsgálathoz és az elemzéshez a beszédek angol nyelven elérhető fordításait használtuk fel, létrehozva három, összességében 70 000 szóból álló “minikorpuszt”. A személyes névmásokat a közvetlen szövegkörnyezetükben vizsgáltuk, így kiemelhettük, hogy mikor, milyen céllal használta őket az adott szónok. Kutatásunk eredményét diagramokban és táblázatokban mutattuk be. A populista szemlélet korokon átívelő természetének érzékeltetésére hasonló elemzésben összevetettük Barack Obama és Donald Trump elnökjelöltséget elfogadó beszédeit, tovább árnyalva azt a szerepet, amelyet az „én és a „mi” személyes névmások egy politikai szónoklatban betöltenek.
Impact of Acute and Persistent Excitation of Prelimbic Pyramidal Neurons on Motor Activity and Trace Fear Learning
Authors: Rose Timothy R. , Marron Fernandez de Velasco Ezequiel , Vo Baovi N. , Tipps Megan E. , Wickman Kevin
Published: January 2021

Drug-induced neuroadaptations in the mPFC have been implicated in addictive behaviors. Repeated cocaine exposure has been shown to increase pyramidal neuron excitability in the prelimbic (PL) region of the mouse mPFC, an adaptation attributable to a suppression of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+(GIRK) channel activity. After establishing that this neuroadaptation is not seen in adjacent GABA neurons, we used viral GIRK channel ablation and complementary chemogenetic approaches to selectively enhance PL pyramidal neuron excitability in adult mice, to evaluate the impact of this form of plasticity on PL-dependent behaviors. GIRK channel ablation decreased somatodendritic GABABreceptor-dependent signaling and rheobase in PL pyramidal neurons. This manipulation also enhanced the motor-stimulatory effect of cocaine but did not impact baseline activity or trace fear learning. In contrast, selective chemogenetic excitation of PL pyramidal neurons, or chemogenetic inhibition of PL GABA neurons, increased baseline and cocaine-induced activity and disrupted trace fear learning. These effects were mirrored in male mice by selective excitation of PL pyramidal neurons projecting to the VTA, but not NAc or BLA. Collectively, these data show that manipulations enhancing the excitability of PL pyramidal neurons, and specifically those projecting to the VTA, recapitulate behavioral hallmarks of repeated cocaine exposure in mice.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProlonged exposure to drugs of abuse triggers neuroadaptations that promote core features of addiction. Understanding these neuroadaptations and their implications may suggest interventions capable of preventing or treating addiction. While previous work showed that repeated cocaine exposure increased the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic cortex (PL), the behavioral implications of this neuroadaptation remained unclear. Here, we used neuron-specific manipulations to evaluate the impact of increased PL pyramidal neuron excitability on PL-dependent behaviors. Acute or persistent excitation of PL pyramidal neurons potentiated cocaine-induced motor activity and disrupted trace fear conditioning, effects replicated by selective excitation of the PL projection to the VTA. Our work suggests that hyperexcitability of this projection drives key behavioral hallmarks of addiction.
What Determines The Capital Structure of Property, Real Estate and Building Construction Companies? Evidence from Indonesian Listed Companies
Authors: Fatimah Sari Fitri , Witiastuti Rini Setyo
Published: January 2021

This research is intended to prove the influence of financial flexibility, asset structure, firm size, profitability and business risk on the capital structure. The population on this study are property, real estate and building construction sector that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009-2018. The number of samples used were 28 companies with a purposive sampling method. The data studied was obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Methods of data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results showed that financial flexibility has not significant  negative effect on capital structure. Asset structure and firm size have a significant positive effect on capital structure. The profitability and business risk have a significant negative effect on capital structure. Further research is needed to use another proxies such as ROE for profitability variables or standard deviations from ROE for business risk on capital structure and add another sectors or the number of observation periods.
Improve Marketing Mix for Marketing Plan Strategic in Coffeeshop Business
Authors: Sahir Syafrida Hafni , Rosmawati Rosmawati
Published: January 2021

This research aims to establish a strategic marketing strategy for the Medan City coffee shop company. The methodology used in this study was descriptive qualitative research through the method of the marketing combination 4Ps and Porters five strategic forces theory. The outcome of the analysis provided strategic marketing strategy for all facets of the 4Ps marketing mix, such as product, price, venue, and promotion. As five competitive forces are generated based on Porters, the resulting strategic marketing strategy becomes more oriented. This analysis will be useful for the company owner to take the best strategic marketing approach in particular.
The Document in the Hierarchy of Evidence of the Legal Process in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Late Fifteenth Century and the First Half of the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Valikonytė Irena
Published: January 2021

The discussion on the legal power of documents generated by the researchers exploring the written culture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries invites for a more detailed analysis of the usage of a written document in the legal process, the chronology of its legal regulation, the document’s place in the system of evidence as well as its meaning in the legal consciousness of the nobles. The legal proceedings and rulings recorded in the judicial affairs books incorporated into the Lithuanian Metrica reveal the process when, with the development of the written culture and the increase of the demand for documents in the state’s internal affairs, the written document evolved into an independent and sound legal evidence in the judicial process. In the civil cases, primarily concerning the land ownership, the legal power of a written document was recognized already in the middle of the fifteenth century (although there was no peremptory requirement to present written documents in the judicial process), and approved by the extended edition of the First Statute of Lithuania. In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, the long-lived “colorful robes of justice” (the oath, the gesture, the placing of one’s cap) were replaced in the system of legal evidence by written documents which, from then on, were considered as more reliable evidence than a personal oath, and, in some cases, even a testimony. Eventually, this view found its place in the consciousness of the nobles who documented their transactions and used documents to solve legal conflicts. Moreover, in Lithuania, unlike in the Kingdom of Poland, the judges considered not only the public, but also the legitimate private documents as legal evidence of equal importance. Although, the hierarchy of legal evidence, that prioritized the documents was embedded only in the Second Statute of Lithuania (chapter IV article 52, entitled “On evidence and defense” (O dovodech i otvodech), the analysis of sources allows to decisively affirm that the main source of the aforementioned article was the practice of the courts in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.
Discursividades del espacio identitario: adherencia de la cubanía en dos poemas de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
Authors: Echeverría Castellón Francisco
Published: January 2021

Resumen: El presente artículo busca mostrar la tensión existente en la figura de la escritora cubano-española Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda (1814-1873), a saber: sobre cómo ha coexistido la cuestión identitaria más un discurso de la historiografía que del literario; si es la autora posee una nacionalidad cubana o una española. Por esta razón se examinará el espacio textual en su obra y, con ello, se llevará a cabo el análisis de dos poemas: “Al partir” y “La vuelta a la patria”; el primero fue escrito en 1836 cuando la autora se va de Cuba, y el segundo en 1859 cuando vuelve. En estos dos momentos del yo lírico-histórico, se pretenderá facilitar una lectura sobre la adherencia a Cuba como el espacio identitario del yo lírico, así como los elementos que destaca esta voz, tales como el espacio climático, el espacio vegetal y la fauna del ambiente latinoamericano.
Ser mujer docente. Significados, y sentidos de estudiantes de licenciatura en ciencias sociales, en el desarrollo de su práctica pedagógica
Authors: Cuervo Méndez Ingrid Marcela
Published: January 2021

Resumen: El trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar las creencias de los estudiantes de licenciatura en Ciencias Sociales de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina acerca de la relación docencia-género para dar cuenta del significado y sentido otorgado al ser mujer docente. Para esto se realizó un análisis documental de las reflexiones entregadas en la Práctica pedagógica que cursan las estudiantes antes de recibir su título profesional, un grupo focal y una encuesta auto diligenciada (para la segunda fase 2020). Se encuentra que coexisten varias perspectivas y énfasis sobre la relación mujer-docente, de tal manera que algunas siguen refiriendo a lo femenino del cuidado, y otras al ser profesional. A partir de estas conclusiones se propone abrir nuevos espacios de reflexión e investigación educativa de la perspectiva de género, con el fin de que contribuyan al campo y enriquezcan la formación del profesorado.
Comparison of meta-heuristic algorithms in optimum operation of a single-reservoir dam system
Authors: Donyaii Alireza , Sarraf Amirpouya , Ahmadi Hassan
Published: January 2021

Multi-objective models must be built to optimise the use of water supplies. In this study, the performance of the farmland fertility algorithm (FFA) and that of the Harris hawks optimisation (HHO) algorithm were evaluated and compared with each other to solve the two-objective problem of optimal operation of the Golestan dam reservoir under baseline (April 2006 to October 2018) and climate change conditions (April 2021 to October 2033) in Golestan Province, Iran. The operation rules were extracted by minimising vulnerability and maximising reliability indices under both conditions. The results showed that when considering a constant value of the reliability index (i.e. 80%), the rate of vulnerability changes in the multi-objective FFA (Moffa) is lower than that of the multi-objective HHO (Mohho) algorithm. Therefore, Moffa has performed better than the Mohho algorithm in the optimal operation of the Golestan dam reservoir under both baseline and climate change conditions. On the other hand, the comparison of the optimum rules obtained under the baseline and climate change conditions showed that supplying the water demands would be more concordant with the optimum rules under climate change conditions in both optimisation algorithms. Therefore, the Golestan dam reservoir could perform better under climate change conditions in the case of using both the mentioned algorithms.
Educação e Estudos Foucaultianos: uma entrevista com Alfredo Veiga-Neto
Authors: Veiga-Neto Alfredo José , Da Silva Mozart Linhares
Published: January 2021

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Digital Space as Necessary and Sufficient Criterion for Economy Digitalization
Authors: Yachmeneva Valentina , Yachmenev Evgeniy
Published: January 2021

Today, the digital space ensures the success of the digitalization of the economy, forms systems thinking about the processes of digital transformation and makes it possible to avoid unpredictable consequences. The aim of the research is to present a logical sequence of digital space formation. The sequence of the formation of the digital space can develop according to two scenarios, one starts with the formation of innovative potential and digital culture, assessment of innovative and digital maturity; the other begins with an assessment of digital maturity and digital transformation, as it was created on the basis of a third technology platform. Digital culture reflects the preparedness for digital transformation, and it is responsible for the implementation of management functions and maintaining the integrity of the system. Digital culture creates a number of conditions for increasing labor productivity - these are flexibility, agility, autonomy and speed in decision-making. Digital transformation cannot be considered only a process of introducing digital technologies, it is also a process of business development. The digital space is a necessary and sufficient condition for the digitalization of the economy. It creates a level playing field for everyone involved in digital transformation through its interoperability. The digital space provides everyone with equal access to information, technological and technical resources, preserves and increases capacity of the workforce.
The effect of lane blockage on signalised intersection performance -analysing and modelling
Authors: Dogan E , Korkmaz E , Akgüngör A P
Published: January 2021

Unexpected stops or entry/exit manoeuvres of vehicles on the road may cause the related lane to become blocked. When this blocking happens in a signalised intersection zone, it also affects intersection performance. Determining the extent of this effect will assist traffic engineers with intersection design and performance analysis. In this study, the effects of Lane Blockage (LB) on intersection performance under various traffic conditions were analysed according to two performance criteria. ANN (Artificial Neural Network) models were also developed to enable the prediction of intersection performance. As a result of the analysis, it was clearly determined that the effect of LB on intersection performance was limited at v/c <0.5. However, it was determined that the intersection performance may decrease between 10% and 110% under the condition of 0.5 < v/c, depending on the LB frequency and duration. Additionally, the developed ANN models have R > 0.95 and will therefore be useful in LB-related intersection performance analysis.
Reflecting on BEd students' experiences of unfamiliar school contexts during school-based learning: A proposition for transformative learning
Authors: Geduld Deidre , Sathorar Heloise , Moeng Muki
Published: January 2021

As critical teacher educators, we advocate the transformational potential of school-based learning (SBL). Changing practice teaching contexts to accommodate unfamiliar SBL environments for student teachers offers them an excellent opportunity to develop critical skills as transformative intellectuals and agents of change. Yet anxiety about unfamiliar placements often prevents them from making the most of potential learning experiences. In this paper, we generated data via World Café conversations in which final-year Bachelor of Education (BEd) student teachers described their experiences of operating in an unfamiliar schooling context. The findings suggest that changing the SBL context can enable transformative learning experiences using critical pedagogy principles. Student teachers reported that they not only developed classroom skills, knowledge, confidence, and a deeper appreciation of learning opportunities through changing practice teaching contexts, but that they also gained a new understanding of what teacher transformative learning involves.
Correlation of the Brain Compartments in the Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Calculated by the Method of Virtual Electrodes from Magnetic Encephalography Data
Authors: Ustinin M.N. , Boyko A.I. , Rykunov S.D.
Published: January 2021

New method to study the correlation of the human brain compartments based on the magnetic encephalography data analysis was proposed. The time series for the correlation analysis are generated by the method of virtual electrodes. First, the multichannel time series of the subject with confirmed attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder are transformed into the functional tomogram - spatial distribution of the magnetic field sources structure on the discrete grid. This structure is provided by the inverse problem solution for all elementary oscillations, found by the Fourier transform. Each frequency produces the elementary current dipole located in the node of the 3D grid. The virtual electrode includes the part of space, producing the activity under study. The time series for this activity is obtained by the summation of the spectral power of all sources, covered by the virtual electrode. To test the method, in this article we selected ten basic compartments of the brain, including frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and others. Each compartment was included in the virtual electrode, obtained from the subjects' MRI. We studied the correlation between compartments in the frequency bands, corresponding to four brain rhythms: theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. The time series for each electrode were calculated for the period of 300 seconds. The correlation coefficient between power series was calculated on the 1 second epoch and then averaged. The results were represented as matrices. The method can be used to study correlations of the arbitrary parts of the brain in any spectral band.
NÖROBEHÇET SENDROMUNDA KLİNİK, DEMOGRAFİK VE RADYOLOJİK BULGULAR
Authors: Şimşek Fatma
Published: January 2021

AMAÇ: Nöro-Behçet sendromu (NBS), Behçet Hastalığının (BH) santral sinir sistemi tutulumuna bağlı ortaya çıkan, mortalite ve morbiditeyi arttıran faktörlerden biridir. Çalışmamızda bölgemizde yaşayan NBS tanılı hastaların klinik, demografik ve radyolojik verilerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmamızda Ocak 2015-Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında Atatürk Üniversitesi Nöroloji kliniğinde NBS tanısı ile takip edilen ve tanı kriterlerini karşılayan 14 hastanın kayıtları retrospektif olarak tarandı. Analizler SPSS 20 istatistik programı kullanılarak yapıldı.BULGULAR: Hastaların yaşları 18-45 yaş aralığındaydı. Yaş ortalaması 32,07+9,06 yıl, NBS başlama yaşı 29,9+6,8 yıldı. NBS tanılı hastaların % 35,7’si (n=5) kadın, % 64,3 ’ü (n=9) erkekti. Hastaların en sık başvuru sebebi % 57,1 ile baş ağrısıydı. NBS tanılı hastaların manyetik rezonans görüntülemede % 50’sinde parankimal, % 50’sinde nonparankimal tutulum vardı. Bir hastada NBS ve multipl skleroz (MS) birlikteliği, bir hastada beyin sapında difüzyon kısıtlaması olan akut enfarkt alanı vardı. Çalışmamızda NBS’de mortalite oranımız % 7,1 (n=1) idi. Hastaların % 35,7’sinde öncesinde bilinen BH tanısı olup, % 64,3’ü (n=9) NBS tanısı ile birlikte BH tanısını almıştı. HLA-B51 sonucu dört hastada pozitifti.SONUÇ: NBS ve BH tanısını aynı anda alan hasta oranımız literatüre göre belirgin yüksek olup burada etkili olan faktörün düşük sosyokültürel düzey olduğu düşünüldü. Erken tanı ve tedavi NBS gelişme riskini azaltan önemli bir faktördür. Nadiren NBS ve MS birlikteliği görülebilir.