bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A quality by design HPLC method for cephalosporin analysis in pharmaceuticals and water samples with environmental impact assessment
Authors: Alqahtani Ali , Alqahtani Taha , Al Fatease Adel , Tolba Enas H.
Published: January 2025

The present study applied a combined analytical quality-by-design and green analytical chemistry approach to develop an HPLC method for the determination of four cephalosporin pharmaceuticals in both their formulations and water samples. These drugs include ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefoperazone. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize three chromatographic parameters: mobile phase composition, flow rate and buffer pH. The predicted optimal conditions involved using a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.04 M phosphate buffer at pH 6 in a 7:93 (v/v) ratio, pumped at 1.3 mL/min through a Nucleosil C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) column with UV detection at 240 nm. Under these optimum conditions, the developed HPLC method successfully separated the four drugs with good resolution in less than 6 min. Linearity was established across the concentration ranges of 5–300 µg/mL for ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, 5–400 µg/mL for ceftazidime and 5–100 µg/mL for cefoperazone. Furthermore, full validation of the method in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness was carried out as per ICH guidelines. The greenness profile of the optimized HPLC method was also evaluated using the Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) tool and found to be environmentally friendly with AGREE score of 0.75, making it a greener alternative for quality control and routine analysis of the investigated cephalosporins in their pharmaceutical formulations and tap water samples. Furthermore, the blueness assessment of the proposed HPLC method using the blue applicability grade index (BAGI) tool yielded a value of 77.5, indicating its high analytical practicality and substantial potential for routine analysis applications.
Vessel strike encounter risk model informs mortality risk for endangered North Atlantic right whales along the United States east coast
Authors: Blondin Hannah , Garrison Lance P. , Adams Jeffrey D. , Roberts Jason J. , Good Caroline P. , Gahm Meghan P. , Lisi Niki E. , Patterson Eric M.
Published: January 2025

Vessel strikes are a critical threat to endangered North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis), significantly contributing to their elevated mortality. Accurate estimates of these mortality rates are essential for developing effective management strategies to aid in the species’ recovery. This study enhances existing vessel strike models by incorporating detailed regional data on vessel traffic characteristics as well as whale distribution and behavior. Our model assesses the spatial and temporal variability in vessel strike risk along the U.S. east coast apportioned into three vessel length classes (26–65 feet, 65–350 feet, > 350 feet). By including regional right whale depth distributions and parameterizing potential whale avoidance based on factors such as descent rate, bottom depth, and vessel speed and size, the model provides a refined estimation of mortality risk. We also address the underrepresentation of smaller vessel activity via a correction factor, offering a more accurate annual mortality risk estimate for each vessel size class. These findings highlight that vessels > 350 feet in length pose the greatest risk to right whales. Simulations of reduced vessel speeds indicate that speed measures can mitigate mortality rates; however, residual risk remains even at speeds of 10 knots or less suggesting limitations to this mitigation approach.
Rapid cryogenic characterization of 1,024 integrated silicon quantum dot devices
Authors: Thomas Edward J. , Ciriano-Tejel Virginia N. , Wise David F. , Prete Domenic , Kruijf Mathieu de , Ibberson David J. , Noah Grayson M. , Gomez-Saiz Alberto , Gonzalez-Zalba M. Fernando , Johnson Mark A. I. , Morton John J. L.
Published: January 2025

As quantum processors grow in complexity, new challenges arise such as the management of device variability and the interface with supporting electronics. Spin qubits in silicon quantum dots can potentially address these challenges given their control fidelities and potential for compatibility with large-scale integration. Here we report the integration of 1,024 independent silicon quantum dot devices with on-chip digital and analogue electronics, all operating below 1 K. A high-frequency analogue multiplexer provides fast access to all devices with minimal electrical connections, allowing characteristic data across the quantum dot array to be acquired and analysed in under 10 min. This is achieved by leveraging radio-frequency reflectometry with state-of-the-art signal integrity, characterized by a typical signal-to-noise voltage ratio in excess of 75 for an integration time of 3.18 μs. We extract key quantum dot parameters by automated machine learning routines to assess quantum dot yield and understand the impact of device design. We find correlations between quantum dot parameters and room-temperature transistor behaviour that could be used as a proxy for in-line process monitoring.
A subcellular sampling instrument allows spatial resolution of amyloid deposit-derived organelle-specific effects in microglia
Authors: Subirana Slotos Robert , Nguyen Tinh Thi , Fiska Ledjona , Friedland Kristina , Endres Kristina
Published: January 2025

Methodological developments in biomedical research are currently moving towards single-cell approaches. This allows for a much better spatial and functional characterization of, for example, the deterioration of cells within a tissue in response to noxae. However, subcellular resolution is also essential to elucidate whether observed impairments are driven by an explicit organelle. Here, we use the Single Cellome™ System SS2000 (Yokogawa) to investigate the local effects of Aβ plaque-like deposits (characteristic for Alzheimer’s disease) on mitochondria in the mouse microglial cell line SIM-A9. First, the specificity of subcellular extraction is demonstrated by detecting subcellular staining and RT-qPCR concerning marker genes by comparing nuclear and mitochondrial samples. Oxygen consumption and gene expression is then assessed in cells near and far from peptide deposits. Mostly, all analyses confirm the high specificity and integrity of the sampled material. In addition, impact of the peptide deposits occur concerning spatial distribution of the cells: e.g., oxygen consumption is only reduced in cells close to Aβ deposits but not in proximity to deposits of biologically inactive Aβ (scrambled) or in far distance. Moreover, a distance-related gene expression pattern occurs, demonstrating the local initiation of mitochondrial changes of microglia when approaching toxic peptide deposits.
Ultrastable and ultra-accurate clock transitions in open-shell highly charged ions
Authors: Lyu Chunhai , Keitel Christoph H. , Harman Zoltán
Published: January 2025

Highly charged ions (HCIs) are less sensitive to external perturbations and are therefore attractive for the development of ultrastable clocks. However, only a few HCI candidates are known to provide optical clock transitions. In this work, we discover a large family of HCI clocks, with more than 100 suitable optical clock transitions hidden in the fine-structure terms of open-shell ions over 70 elements. Their projected instabilities and accuracies are $${\sigma }_{\tau } \sim 1{0}^{-17}/\sqrt{\tau }$$

σ

τ

~
1

0

−
17

/

τ

and δν/ν < 10−20, respectively, surpassing state-of-the-art optical clocks by several orders of magnitude. This indicates that having a high-performance optical clock transition is not a property of particular elements, but a virtue host by most elements from the periodic table. Furthermore, at given configurations, the clock transitions in heavy ions scale up to the XUV and soft-x-ray region, and thus enable the development of ultrastable clocks based on shorter wavelengths. The existence of multiple clock transitions in different charge states of a single element, as well as in a whole isoelectronic sequence would significantly enrich the search for new physics and the test of nuclear theories via high-precision spectroscopy.
Pressure-sensitive in-situ underwater adhesives
Authors: Liu Jiabin , Singh Parth , Wong Tsz Hung , Lin Shaoting
Published: January 2025

While in-situ underwater adhesives are highly desirable for marine exploration and underwater robotics, existing underwater adhesives suffer from significantly reduced performance compared to air-cured adhesives, mainly due to difficulties in removing interfacial water molecules. Here, we develop a pressure-sensitive in-situ underwater adhesive featuring superabsorbent particles infused with functional silane and hydrogel precursors. When injected into an underwater crack, the particles quickly absorb water, swell, and fill the crack. Mechanical pressure is applied to improve particle-particle and particle-substrate interactions, while heat is utilized to trigger thermal polymerization of the hydrogel precursors. This process creates porous adhesives via bulk polymerization and forms covalent bonding with the substrate via surface silanization. Our experiments demonstrate that mechanical pressure significantly enhances the adhesive’s stretchability (from 3 to 5), stiffness (from 37 kPa to 78 kPa), fracture toughness (from 1 kJ/m2 to 7 kJ/m2), and interfacial toughness with glass substrates (from 45 J/m2 to 270 J/m2).
An ultra-conserved poison exon in the Tra2b gene encoding a splicing activator is essential for male fertility and meiotic cell division
Authors: Dalgliesh Caroline , Aldalaqan Saad , Atallah Christian , Best Andrew , Scott Emma , Ehrmann Ingrid , Merces George , Mannion Joel , Badurova Barbora , Sandher Raveen , Illing Ylva , Wirth Brunhilde , Wells Sara , Codner Gemma , Teboul Lydia , Smith Graham R , Hedley Ann , Herbert Mary , de Rooij Dirk G , Miles Colin , Reynard Louise N , Elliott David J
Published: January 2025

The cellular concentrations of splicing factors (SFs) are critical for controlling alternative splicing. Most serine and arginine-enriched (SR) protein SFs regulate their own concentration via a homeostatic feedback mechanism that involves regulation of inclusion of non-coding ‘poison exons’ (PEs) that target transcripts for nonsense-mediated decay. The importance of SR protein PE splicing during animal development is largely unknown despite PE ultra-conservation across animal genomes. To address this, we used mouse genetics to disrupt an ultra-conserved PE in the Tra2b gene encoding the SR protein Tra2β. Focussing on germ cell development, we found that Tra2b PE deletion causes azoospermia due to catastrophic cell death during meiotic prophase. Failure to proceed through meiosis was associated with increased Tra2b expression sufficient to drive aberrant Tra2β protein hyper-responsive splice patterns. Although critical for meiotic prophase, Tra2b PE deletion spared earlier mitotically active germ cells, even though these still required Tra2b gene function. Our data indicate that PE splicing control prevents the accumulation of toxic levels of Tra2β protein that are incompatible with meiotic prophase. This unexpected connection with male fertility helps explain Tra2b PE ultra-conservation and indicates the importance of evaluating PE function in animal models.
A phosphorylation-regulated NPF transporter determines salt tolerance by mediating chloride uptake in soybean plants
Authors: Wu Yunzhen , Yuan Jingya , Shen Like , Li Qinxue , Li Zhuomeng , Cao Hongwei , Zhu Lin , Liu Dan , Sun Yalu , Jia Qianru , Chen Huatao , Wang Wubin , Kudla Jörg , Zhang Wenhua , Gai Junyi , Zhang Qun
Published: January 2025

Chloride (Cl−) ions cause major damage to crops in saline soils. Understanding the key factors that influence Cl− uptake and translocation will aid the breeding of more salt-tolerant crops. Here, using genome-wide association study and transcriptomic analysis, we identified a NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1 (NRT1)/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family (NPF) protein, GmNPF7.5, as the dominant gene locus influencing Cl− homeostasis in soybean (Glycine max). A natural SNP variation resulted in two haplotypes (GmNPF7.5HapA and GmNPF7.5HapB), which was associated with Cl− content. GmNPF7.5HapA mediated Cl− or nitrate (NO3
−) uptake in a pH-dependent manner and exhibited higher permeability for Cl− over NO3
−. The suppression of GmNPF7.5

HapA
expression decreased Cl− accumulation and salt damage in plants, whereas its overexpression showed the opposite effects. The elite haplotype GmNPF7.5HapB diminished Cl− transport activity independently from NO3
− permeability, thus enhancing soybean salt tolerance. Furthermore, the protein kinase GmPI4Kγ4 could phosphorylate GmNPF7.5, which repressed Cl− uptake without affecting NO3
− permeability. Our findings define a regulatory mechanism for Cl− control under NaCl stress, providing a strategy for the improvement of salt tolerance in soybean plants.
E3 ligase FBXW7 suppresses brown fat expansion and browning of white fat
Authors: Yu Jian , Gu Xuejiang , Guo Yingying , Gao Mingyuan , Cheng Shimiao , Meng Meiyao , Cui Xiangdi , Zhang Zhe , Guo Wenxiu , Yan Dandan , Sheng Maozheng , Zhai Linhui , Ji Jing , Ma Xinhui , Li Yu , Cao Yuxiang , Wu Xia , Zhao Jiejie , Hu Yepeng , Tan Minjia , Lu Yan , Xu Lingyan , Liu Bin , Hu Cheng , Ma Xinran
Published: January 2025

Thermogenic fat, including brown and beige fat, dissipates heat via thermogenesis and enhances energy expenditure. Thus, its activation represents a therapeutic strategy to combat obesity. Here, we demonstrate that levels of F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7), an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, negatively correlate with thermogenic fat functionality. FBXW7 overexpression in fat suppresses energy expenditure and thermogenesis, thus aggravates obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in mice. Conversely, FBXW7 depletion in fat leads to brown fat expansion and browning of white fat, and protects mice from diet induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and hyperlipidemia. Mechanistically, FBXW7 binds to S6K1 and promotes its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which in turn impacts glycolysis and brown preadipocyte proliferation via lactate. Besides, the beneficial metabolic effects of FBXW7 depletion in fat are attenuated by fat-specific knockdown of S6K1 in vivo. In summary, we provide evidence that adipose FBXW7 acts as a major regulator for thermogenic fat biology and energy homeostasis and serves as potential therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic diseases.
miRNA-target complementarity in cnidarians resembles its counterpart in plants
Authors: Admoni Yael , Fridrich Arie , Weavers Paris K , Aharoni Reuven , Razin Talya , Salinas-Saavedra Miguel , Rabani Michal , Frank Uri , Moran Yehu
Published: January 2025

microRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators that activate silencing mechanisms by annealing to mRNA transcripts. While plant miRNAs match their targets with nearly-full complementarity leading to mRNA cleavage, miRNAs in most animals require only a short sequence called ‘seed’ to inhibit target translation. Recent findings showed that miRNAs in cnidarians, early-branching metazoans, act similarly to plant miRNAs, by exhibiting full complementarity and target cleavage; however, it remained unknown if seed-based regulation was possible in cnidarians. Here, we investigate the miRNA-target complementarity requirements for miRNA activity in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. We show that bilaterian-like complementarity of seed-only or seed and supplementary 3’ matches are insufficient for miRNA-mediated knockdown. Furthermore, miRNA-target mismatches in the cleavage site decrease knockdown efficiency. Finally, miRNA silencing of a target with three seed binding sites in the 3’ untranslated region that mimics typical miRNA targeting was repressed in zebrafish but not in Nematostella and another cnidarian, Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. Altogether, these results unravel striking similarities between plant and cnidarian miRNAs supporting a possible common evolutionary origin of miRNAs in plants and animals.
The dynamics of loss of heterozygosity events in genomes
Authors: Dutta Abhishek , Schacherer Joseph
Published: January 2025

Genomic instability is a hallmark of tumorigenesis, yet it also plays an essential role in evolution. Large-scale population genomics studies have highlighted the importance of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events, which have long been overlooked in the context of genetic diversity and instability. Among various types of genomic mutations, LOH events are the most common and affect a larger portion of the genome. They typically arise from recombination-mediated repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) or from lesions that are processed into DSBs. LOH events are critical drivers of genetic diversity, enabling rapid phenotypic variation and contributing to tumorigenesis. Understanding the accumulation of LOH, along with its underlying mechanisms, distribution, and phenotypic consequences, is therefore crucial. In this review, we explore the spectrum of LOH events, their mechanisms, and their impact on fitness and phenotype, drawing insights from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to cancer. We also emphasize the role of LOH in genomic instability, disease, and genome evolution.
Viral oncogene EBNALP regulates YY1 DNA binding and alters host 3D genome organization
Authors: Wang Chong , Leong Merrin Manlong , Ding Weiyue , Narita Yohei , Liu Xiang , Wang Hongbo , Yiu Stefanie P T , Lee Jessica , Zhao Katelyn R S , Cui Amy , Gewurz Benjamin , Hammerschmidt Wolfgang , Teng Mingxiang , Zhao Bo
Published: January 2025

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen leader protein (EBNALP) is essential for the immortalization of naive B lymphocytes (NBLs). However, the mechanisms remain elusive. To understand EBNALP’s role in B-cell transformation, we compare NBLs infected with wild-type EBV and an EBNALP-null mutant EBV using multi-omics techniques. EBNALP inactivation alters enhancer–promoter interactions, resulting in decreased CCND2 and increased CASP1 and BCL2L11 expression. Mechanistically, EBNALP interacts with and colocalizes with the looping factor YY1. Depletion of EBNALP reduces YY1 DNA-binding and enhancer–promoter interactions, similar to effects observed with YY1 depletion. Furthermore, EBNALP colocalizes with DPF2, a protein that binds to H3K14ac and H4K16ac. CRISPR depletion of DPF2 reduces both EBNALP and YY1 DNA binding, suggesting that the DPF2/EBNALP complex may tether YY1 to DNA to increase enhancer–promoter interactions. EBNALP inactivation also increases enhancer–promoter interactions at the CASP1 and BCL2L11 loci, along with elevated DPF2 and YY1 binding and DNA accessibility. Our data suggest that EBNALP regulates YY1 to rewire the host genome, which might facilitate naive B-cell transformation.
A therapeutic regimen using neoantigen-specific TCR-T cells for HLA-A*2402-positive solid tumors
Authors: Bei Yuncheng , Huang Ying , Wu Nandie , Li Yishan , Xu Ruihan , Liu Baorui , Li Rutian
Published: January 2025

The adoptive transfer of TCR-T cells specific to neoantigens preferentially exhibits potent cytotoxicity to tumor cells and has shown promising efficacy in various preclinical human cancers. In this study, we first identified a functional TCR, Tcr-1, which selectively recognized the SYT-SSX fusion neoantigen shared by most synovial sarcomas. Engineered T-cell expressing Tcr-1 (Tcr-T1) demonstrated HLA-A*2402-restricted, antigen-specific anti-tumoral efficacy against synovial sarcoma cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, to extend its application, we developed a cooperative therapeutic modality, in which exogenous SYT-SSX fusion neoantigen was loaded into stimuli-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) formed by mPEG-PVGLIG-PCL copolymers (Neo-AgNPs) for tumor targeting delivery. As expected, Neo-AgNPs were proven to have great tumor penetration and local release. In situ, the modification was able to direct engineered Tcr-T1 against other HLA-A*2402-positive malignant cancer cell lines with significant antigen-specific cytotoxicity despite their inherent mutation profiles. With these favorable data, our established cooperative therapeutic modality has great potential for further clinical investigation and provides new insight for future TCR-T cell therapy development.
Ultrasensitive detection of methylene blue by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with Ag nanoparticle-decorated magnetic CoNi layered double hydroxides
Authors: Ren Shuxian , Fu Jihong , Liu Guoqi , Zhang Haipeng , Wang Boshen , Yu Junli
Published: January 2025

A spherical flower-like magnetic Fe3O4@CoNi LDH@Ag NPs SERS substrate was successfully fabricated by electrostatic self-assembly and applied for sensitive detection of methylene blue (MB) in environmental water samples.
Application of modern artificial intelligence techniques in the development of organic molecular force fields
Authors: Chen Junmin , Gao Qian , Huang Miaofei , Yu Kuang
Published: January 2025

AI techniques provide unprecedented capabilities in molculear force field development, such as potential fitting, atom typification, and automatic optimization.
Nano-confined Si@C composites with excellent lithium-ion storage performance derived from a POSS-based covalent framework and low-temperature reduction method
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xu Yanan , Zhao Shupeng , Zhang Shiyue , Li Hao , Hu Qing , Wang Wenkai , Du Hongbin
Published: January 2025

A "bottom-up" strategy is used to synthesize Si@C anode materials, which consist of ultra-thin silicon stripes embedded in a continuous carbon framework and exhibit excellent lithium storage performance.
Controlled reconstruction of metal–organic frameworks via coordination environment tuning as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts
Authors: Gong Jiangli , Qi Qianglong , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhao Guangxin , Yuan Jianliang , Zhang Chengxu , Hu Jue
Published: January 2025

In-situ Raman shows MOFs transition to MOOH during OER. Bimetallic MOF reconstructs at lower voltage and faster rates than monometallic MOF. Analysis reveals Co–N/O coordination mode reconstructs faster than Ni–N/O, enhancing OER activity.
Luminous polystyrene upconverted nanoparticles to visualize the traces of nanoplastics in a vegetable plant
Authors: Maryam Bushra , Asim Muhammad , Li Jiaxuan , Qayyum Hamna , Liu Xianhua
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a novel method for visualizing the uptake and accumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics in edible plants using luminous upconverted nanoparticles.
Catalytic performance of electronic waste-derived gold nanoparticles for the reduction of p-nitrophenol
Authors: Lau Michelle Y. , Young David C. , Chen Jack L.-Y. , Sperry Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Gold nanoparticles synthesised from low concentration e-waste leachate solutions display superior catalytic performance for the reduction of p-nitrophenol compared to gold nanoparticles derived from highly refined sources.
Lanthanide–polyoxometalate-based self-erasing luminescent hydrogels with time-dependent and resilient properties for advanced information encryption
Authors: Hua Yumei , Li Jingfang , Gao Min , Liang Liye , Zhao Sicong , Li Guangming
Published: January 2025

A self-erasing luminescent hydrogel based on lanthanide–polyoxometalate with time-dependent and resilient properties was developed to improve the level of information security.
Warfare under the waves: a review of bacteria-derived algaecidal natural products
Authors: Yang Shuxin , Williams Spencer J. , Courtney Myles , Burchill Laura
Published: January 2025

Harmful algal blooms pose a major threat to aquatic ecosystems and can impact human health.
Correction: Relieving immunosuppression during long-term anti-angiogenesis therapy using photodynamic therapy and oxygen delivery
Authors: He Qianyuan , Zhang Zhanjie , Liu Haojie , Tuo Zhan , Zhou Jie , Hu Yan , Sun Yajie , Wan Chao , Xu Zushun , Lovell Jonathan F. , Hu Desheng , Yang Kunyu , Jin Honglin
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Relieving immunosuppression during long-term anti-angiogenesis therapy using photodynamic therapy and oxygen delivery’ by Qianyuan He et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 14788–14800, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NR02750B.
Supramolecular bottlebrush copolymers from crown-ether functionalized poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s
Authors: Keer Anahita , Mann Arielle , Wang Chengyuan , Weck Marcus
Published: January 2025

Crown-ether functionalized poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (red) and cationic dibenzyl amine chain-end functionalized poly(styrene) (blue) were synthesized and assembled into optically active, pH responsive, and semi-crystalline bottlebrush copolymers.
Simultaneous pseudocapacitive oxidation and oxygen evolution reaction: reciprocity or incompatibility?
Authors: Huang Xinpeng , Yan Yingnan , Yan Xuehua , Liu Qianzuo , Zhang Feng , Wu Jili , Pan Jianmei , Shahnavaz Zohreh , Moradian Jamile Mohammadi
Published: January 2025

Based on the excellent performance of novel high-entropy hydroxides, we investigate the relationship between pseudocapacitive performance and catalytic oxygen evolution in alkaline aqueous electrolyte systems.
Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with bowl-shaped structures: synthesis, architecture, and applications
Authors: Chen Xu-Lang , Yu Si-Qian , Liang Jia-Qi , Huang Xiaohuan , Gong Han-Yuan
Published: January 2025

This highlight discusses the synthesis strategies and topological features of nitrogen-containing bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Visible-light or sunlight photoredox-catalyzed β-selective acylation of alkenes to access α,β-unsaturated ketones
Authors: Yang Xun , Xiao Yuxuan , Yin Ying , Li Haiyan , Du Jiahui , Li Xin , Duan Wengui , Yu Lin
Published: January 2025

A general method for accessing α,β-unsaturated ketones through visible-light or sunlight photoredox-catalyzed β-selective acylation of alkenes has been developed.
AgNPs/CuNPs/Bragg-PSi substrate subjected to thermal annealing in high-sensitivity detection on crystal violets and diphenyl phthalate
Authors: Sun Bowen , Li Peng , Yu Shuguo , Huang Xiaohui , Ma Liangjun
Published: January 2025

Study creates optimized AgNPs/CuNPs/Bragg-PSi SERS substrate for detecting low-concentration analytes like crystal violet and diphenyl phthalate. Best performance at 0.75 M CuNO3 soak and 180 °C annealing, promising for analytical applications.
A turn-on fluorescent probe containing a β-ketoester moiety for the selective detection of intracellular hydrazine
Authors: Takagi Akira , Takashima Ippei , Okuda Kensuke
Published: January 2025

A selective and quantitative OFF–ON fluorescent hydrazine probe was developed based on a coumarin platform. Elaboration of the β-keto moiety improved the responsiveness of the probe for sensing hydrazine in living cells.
The reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS) mechanism study on the γ-MoC(100) surface
Authors: Yao Xiaoshu , Wei Zhihong , Mei Jingyuan , Guo Xianhui , Tian Xinxin
Published: January 2025

CO2 can serve as a potential alternative carbon source on the γ-MoC(100) surface, through RWGS in situ converting CO2 into surface active CO.
Mechanistic insights into the visible-light-driven O-arylation of carboxylic acids catalyzed by xanthine-based nickel complexes
Authors: Rodriguez-Lugo Rafael E. , Sander Joan , Dietzmann Simon , Rittner Thomas , Rückel Jannes , Landaeta Vanessa R. , Park Jiyong , Nuernberger Patrick , Baik Mu-Hyun , Wolf Robert
Published: January 2025

Experimental and theoretical investigations were conducted to gain insight into the mechanism of light-driven Ni-catalyzed arylation of carboxylates.
A comprehensive approach for elucidating the interplay between 4fn+1 and 4fn5d1 configurations in Ln2+ complexes
Authors: Beltran-Leiva Maria J. , Moore William N. G. , Jenkins Tener F. , Evans William J. , Albrecht Thomas E. , Celis-Barros Cristian
Published: January 2025

To advance our ability to control the electronic properties of divalent lanthanides, the interplay between deformation densities, 4f interelectronic repulsion, and ligand field effects is discussed to predict the nature of their ground states.
Boosting charge transfer with MoS2-grafted MXene interlayers for high-efficiency all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells with an ultrahigh voltage of 1.701 V
Authors: Zhou Qingwei , Li Hansheng , Wu Fan , Chen Dan , Luo Fang , Guo Chucai , Zhu Zhihong
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional MXene nanoflakes grafted with MoS2 QDs are used as multifunctional interlayers at the perovskite/carbon interface in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells, achieving a 10.70% efficiency with an ultrahigh Voc of 1.701 V.
Retraction: Using van der Waals heterostructures based on two-dimensional InSe–XS2 (X = Mo, W) as promising photocatalysts for hydrogen production
Authors: Ni Jiaming , Quintana Mildred , Jia Feifei , Song Shaoxian
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Using van der Waals heterostructures based on two-dimensional InSe–XS2 (X = Mo, W) as promising photocatalysts for hydrogen production’ by Jiaming Ni et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8, 12509–12515, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC02874F.
Spherical bias in the 3D reconstruction of the ICM density profile in galaxy clusters
Authors: Veronesi I. , Bartalucci I. , Rasia E. , Molendi S. , Balboni M. , De Grandi S. , Gastaldello F. , Grillo C. , Ghizzardi S. , Lovisari L. , Riva G. , Rossetti M.
Published: January 2025

Context. X-ray observations of galaxy clusters are routinely used to derive radial distributions of intracluster medium (ICM) thermodynamical properties, such as density and temperature. However, observations only allow access to quantities projected on the celestial sphere, so an assumption on the three-dimensional distribution of the ICM is necessary. Usually, spherical geometry is assumed.

Aims. The aim of this paper is to determine the bias due to this approximation on the reconstruction of the ICM density radial profile of a cluster sample and on the intrinsic scatter of the density profiles’ distribution, particularly when the substructures of clusters are not masked.

Methods. We used simulated clusters for which we can access the three-dimensional ICM distribution. In particular, we considered a sample of 98 simulated clusters drawn from THE THREE HUNDRED project. For each cluster, we simulated 40 different observations by projecting the cluster along 40 different lines of sight. We extracted the ICM density profile from each observation, assuming the ICM to be spherically distributed. For each line of sight, we then considered the mean density profile over the sample and compared it with the three-dimensional density profile given by the simulations. We thus derived the spherical bias in the density profile by considering the ratio between the observed and the input quantities. We also studied the bias in the intrinsic scatter of the density profile distribution by performing the same procedure.

Results. We find a bias in the density profile, bn, smaller than 10% for R ≲ R500, and it increases up to ≈50% for larger radii. The bias in the intrinsic scatter profile, bs, is higher, reaching a value of ≈100% for R ≈ R500. We find that the bias for both of the analyzed quantities strongly depends on the morphology composition of the objects in the sample. For clusters that do not show large-scale substructures, both bn and bs are reduced by a factor of two. Conversely, for systems that do show large-scale substructures, both bn and bs increase significantly.
Identification of the interstellar 1-cyano propargyl radical (HCCCHCN) in TMC-1
Authors: Cabezas C. , Agúndez M. , Marcelino N. , Chang C. H. , Fuentetaja R. , Tercero B. , Nakajima M. , Endo Y. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: January 2025

We report the first detection in interstellar medium of the 1-cyano propargyl radical, HC3HCN. This species is an isomer of the 3-cyano propargyl radical (CH2C3N), which was recently discovered in TMC-1. The 1-cyano propargyl radical was observed in the cold dark cloud TMC-1 using data from the ongoing QUIJOTE line survey, which is being carried out with the Yebes 40m telescope. A total of seven rotational transitions with multiple hyperfine components were detected in the 31.0–50.4 GHz range. We derived a column density of (2.2 ± 0.2) × 1011 cm−2 and a rotational temperature of 7±1 K. The abundance ratio between HC3HCN and CH2C3N is 1.4. The almost equal abundance of these isomers indicates that the two species may be produced in the same reaction with a similar efficiency, probably in the reaction C + CH2CHCN and perhaps also in the reaction C2 + CH3CN and the dissociative recombination with electrons of CH2C3NH+.
Source-time dominant modeling of the Doppler shift for the auralization of moving sources
Authors: Ali Randall , Christian Andrew
Published: January 2025

When developing an auralization for acoustic scenarios involving moving sources and receivers, one key feature is the ability to simulate the Doppler shift, i.e., the changing frequency content from the receiver’s perspective. As the time-varying delay between a source and receiver is what accounts for the Doppler shift, an approximation of this delay is required to successfully render the changes in frequency content at the receiver. Depending on the signal-processing strategy chosen to accomplish this task, there is, however, a potential to introduce audible artifacts due to frequency folding (aliasing), frequency replication (imaging), and broadband noise. In this paper we discuss the manifestation of such artifacts and propose a method to eliminate them, which can be integrated into the digital signal processing chain of larger auralization schemes. The method is built upon a source-time dominant approach and uses a combination of oversampling, interpolation, and time-varying filtering to predict and eliminate frequency regions at the receiver that are vulnerable to aliasing and imaging. We demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the method using a circularly moving source with a fixed receiver.
Comprendre les forces optiques
Authors: Genet Cyriaque
Published: January 2025

La lumière exerce une action mécanique sur tout objet éclairé par échange d’impulsion entre le champ électromagnétique et la matière. De faibles amplitudes, les forces optiques ont pourtant donné lieu à des applications importantes. Les liens qu’elles entretiennent à la fois avec le champ et l’objet continuent d’être interrogés à l’heure actuelle.
Explorer la nano-optomécanique avec des nanofils suspendus
Authors: Croquette Michael , Fogliano Francesco , Zhang Chao , Dousset Cattleya , Judéaux Lucas , Besga Benjamin , Reigue Antoine , Pigeau Benjamin , Arcizet Olivier
Published: January 2025

L’utilisation de nanorésonateurs mécaniques ultrasensibles de taille sub-longueur d’onde permet de cartographier la structure du champ électromagnétique à petite échelle grâce à la mesure des forces et des gradients de force qu’il génère. En mesurant optiquement les vibrations transverses de nanofils suspendus en carbure de silicium, il est possible d’établir le champ de force produit par un faisceau laser focalisé ou par un seul photon peuplant une microcavité, mais aussi par les champs électrostatiques à la surface de nanostructures métalliques.
Optomécanique : science et capteurs
Authors: Favero Ivan
Published: January 2025

La science de l’optomécanique, qui étudie le couplage de la lumière au mouvement de systèmes mécaniques, a connu un essor inattendu depuis 20 ans. À présent miniaturisés, les résonateurs optomécaniques mesurent des signaux physiques avec une sensibilité et une bande-passante remarquables. Ces technologies de capteurs optomécaniques impactent aujourd’hui la science de la matière, qu’elle soit solide, liquide ou vivante.
Detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells and pre-metastatic cancer cells: Questions 108–109 in the 150 most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology series
Authors: Hong Xin , Zhang Wenyong
Published: January 2025

In this article, the authors raise two key questions: 108. Can we develop automated noninvasive detection coupled with single-cell omics technologies that can simultaneously identify and characterize the biological properties of circulating tumor cells using peripheral blood samples from cancer patients? 109. Can we identify cancer cells with metastatic potential in the primary tumor even before metastatic progression for more precise targeted therapies that prevent the spreading of cancer cells? The background introduction and the application potentials of answering these questions are included.
Besuche von Geschwisterkindern auf der Kinderintensivstation
Authors: Kimmerle Birte , Schweizer Maria , Engel Juliane , Neunhoeffer Felix , Nordmeyer Johannes , Schröder-Lung Laura , Wagner Ute
Published: January 2025

Sollen Kinder ihre Geschwister auf der Intensivstation besuchen? Diese Frage beschäftigt nicht nur die Eltern, sondern auch das Fachpersonal. Basierend auf einem familienorientierten Pflegeverständnis betrachten wir verschiedene Perspektiven, Forschungsergebnisse und Empfehlungen, die es für Besuche von Kindern auf pädiatrischen Intensivstationen gibt. Wir zeigen, was für die praktische Umsetzung wichtig ist.
(Postoperativer) Durstlöscher gesucht
Authors: Sperlich Marisa
Published: January 2025

Perioperatives Durstgefühl von Intensivpatienten ist ein bislang vernachlässigtes Thema – dabei geben viele Patienten Mundtrockenheit und Durstgefühl als postoperative Beschwerden an. Der folgende Beitrag identifiziert die Auslöser und Risikofaktoren, zeigt, wie die Symptome gemessen werden können, und gibt Empfehlungen, wie sich Abhilfe schaffen lässt. Der Beitrag hat beim 27. Intensiv-Pflegepreis den 5. Platz belegt.
Reduzierung der VAP-Inzidenz
Authors: Julieth Karen , Chitiva Mazuera
Published: January 2025

Die ventilatorassoziierte Pneumonie ist eine häufige Komplikation während der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung und ein Risikofaktor besonders bei Langzeitbeatmung. Sie beeinflusst den Krankheitsverlauf, die Letalität der Patienten und das Gesundheitssystem. Geeignete prophylaktische Maßnahmen und Pflegemethoden können der Erkrankung jedoch erfolgreich vorbeugen. Der folgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Einführung einer Standard Operating Procedure samt Flowchart zum Thema Mundpflege auf den Intensivstationen des Universitätsklinikums Düsseldorf. Die dem Beitrag zugrunde liegende Projektarbeit belegte den 4. Platz beim intensiv-Pflegepreis 2023.
Correlation between Humpback Deformity and Presence or Absence of Avascular Necrosis and Nonunion in Patients with Scaphoid Waist Fractures
Authors: Abidi Syed , Shepel Michael , Sauder David , Mondal Prosanta , Obaid Haron
Published: January 2025

Background Scaphoid fractures often lead to nonunion and avascular necrosis (AVN). This study investigates the association between humpback deformity (volar angulation malalignment in scaphoid waist fractures) and these complications.

Materials and Methods A retrospective review of radiographs/computed tomography scans from patients with acute scaphoid waist fractures was performed. Union/nonunion status and AVN presence or absence were evaluated based on follow-up radiographs. Humpback deformity was identified using a height-to-length ratio (H/L) > 0.65. Images were assessed by consensus by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Statistical analysis included chi-square/Fisher's exact tests, t-tests, and logistic regression.

Results A total of 84 patients (mean age: 30.4 years) with a mean follow-up for 447.7 days were included. Nonunion occurred in 31%, AVN in 9.5%, and humpback deformity in 54.8%. The nonunion cohort (26 patients) had a higher prevalence of humpback deformity (45.7%). In the AVN cohort (8 patients), 15.2% had a humpback deformity. The humpback cohort (54 patients) showed 46.3% nonunion and 15.2% AVN. Significant association was found between humpback deformity and nonunion (p = 0.001), but not between humpback deformity and AVN (p = 0.067). Logistic regression indicated humpback deformity as a significant predictor of nonunion (p = 0.002).

Conclusion The study revealed a significant association between humpback deformity and nonunion in scaphoid fractures. Although no significant association was found between humpback deformity and AVN, the AVN cohort showed a trend toward higher rates of humpback deformity suggesting that humpback deformity may occur in the context of scaphoid AVN.
Light-Induced Metal-Free Catalyzed C–H Alkylation of (Iso)Quinolines
Authors: Weng Jianquan , Zhang Guofu , Wang Qing , Mei Guangyao , Luo Zi Jin , Sun Xiaotong
Published: January 2025

A new method for preparing alkylated (iso)quinolines with substituted (iso)quinolines and alkanes as substrates, PIFA as an oxidant, and Rose bengal as a photosensitizer under 50 W light irradiation is proposed. Diverse structures were shown to be tolerated under optimal conditions, and a series of alkylated products were obtained in the desired yields. Compared with previous reactions using aldehydes and carboxylic acids as carbon sources, this method uses simple alkanes as carbon sources, offering good chemical stability and high atom economy.
Does Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhance green economy efficiency? The role of green finance, trade openness, and R&D investment
Authors: Wang Qiang , Sun Tingting , Li Rongrong
Published: January 2025

Marine fisheries constitute a crucial component of global green development, where artificial intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in enhancing green economic efficiency associated with marine fisheries. This study utilizes panel data from 11 coastal provinces and municipalities in China from 2009 to 2020, employing the entropy method and the super-efficiency EBM model to calculate the AI index and the green economic efficiency of marine fisheries. Based on these calculations, we utilize fixed effects models, moderation effect models, and panel threshold models to examine the impact of AI on the green economic efficiency of marine fisheries. The study reveals that: (i) From 2009 to 2020, AI has significantly improved overall, while the green economic efficiency of marine fisheries has shown a fluctuating trend, with substantial regional disparities. (ii) AI significantly enhances the green economic efficiency of marine fisheries. (iii) Green finance, trade openness, and R&D investment act as crucial moderating variables, accelerating AI development and further improving the green economic efficiency of marine fisheries. (iv) The impact of AI on green economic efficiency varies across different intervals of green finance, trade openness, and R&D investment. These findings are crucial for understanding and advancing the informatization strategy of marine fisheries and hold significant implications for the sustainable development of global marine fisheries.
Effect of weakly nonuniform scattering potentials on the transverse conductivity of metals in a magnetic field
Authors: Fel’dman É. P. , Stefanovich L. I.
Published: January 2025

The effect of smooth nonuniformities on the galvanomagnetic phenomena in a strong magnetic field is studied (the Larmor radius of conduction electrons is many times smaller than the correlation radius of the field). It was found that these nonuniformities have a comparitively weak effect on the transverse conductivity. It was established that the functional dependence of the smooth part of the transverse conductivity on the magnetic field is similar to the dependence observed for point defects. Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations, unlike the de Haas–van Alfven oscillations, are in this case quite well developed. In the case of dislocations the transverse conductivity varies as a function of their concentration as cd3/2. The transverse conductivity, the relaxation time, and the transport scattering cross section for a system of dislocations are evaluated.
Tunneling of mixed dumbbells in AI–Zn solid solution
Authors: Melik-Shakhnazarov V. A. , Mirzoeva I. I. , Naskidashvili I. A.
Published: January 2025

In an aluminum solid solution containing mixed dumbbells (c0∼ 10−5), which were introduced into an alloy of aluminum with 1.5·10−2 at. % Zn by electron bombardment at T ≈ 77° K (E ≈ 4 MeV, integrated flux ∼ 6·1018 cm−2), absorption and dispersion of low-frequency (∼1 kHz) sound are observed as a result of the reorientation of the dumbbell axis. The temperature dependence of the relaxation rate τ−1(T) reveals three different diffusion regimes in the temperature range 8−150° K. At T > 20° K the dumbbell axis is reoriented between equilibrium directions along ⟨100⟩ axes through thermally activated surmounting of a potential barrier of height V0 ≈ 100° K. At temperatures 8.5° K < T < 17° K coherent tunneling is observed with characteristic dependences τ−1 ∼ T−9 in the range 8.5° K < T < 10.5° K and τ−1 ∼ T−2 in the range 11° K < T < 17° K, Using the equation of the tunneling relaxation rate in a double-well asymmetric potential (the relative energy-level shift ϵr.r+g is about 0.8° K), we obtained reasonable estimates for the tunneling amplitude (Δ ≈ 4·10−4° K) and the characteristic temperature (θ0≈80° K). Coherent tunneling relaxation described by the relation τ−1 ∼ T−9 (for T ≪ θ0) and τ−1 ∼ T−2 (for T ≲ θ0) in a double-well potential, i.e., in the absence of band diffusion, has been observed for the first time.
Orientational anomalies of sound absorption by metals under magnetic breakdown
Authors: Gorelik L. Yu. , Slutskin A. A. , Sharshanov A. Ya.
Published: January 2025

We consider the oscillations of longitudinal sound absorption by metals under a stochastic magnetic breakdown (MB). The case studied is a typical one when the magnetic field H forms a small angle θ with the plane perpendicular to the reciprocal lattice vector b and the MB configuration constitutes weakly aperiodic chains of electron orbits linked by small orbits (so-called quantum gates that are characterized by a 2 π-periodic dependence of the effective probability ω of magnetic breakdown on the quasiclassical phase φ = cS/eHℏ, where S is the area of a small orbit). We demonstrate that for θ≳x~1°, where eℏH/cb2 is the quasiclassicality parameter, the MB oscillations of sound absorption are very sensitive to the structure of nonuniform distribution of ψ phases over the MB configuration. The amplitude of MB oscillations in this range of angles is low except for a small neighborhood of selected values θ=θk≡(4πHk/S‖)1/2(k=1,2,…;S‖=|∂2S/∂pz2|), in which it is comparable with the smooth part of the absorption.