bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of tetrakis(isonicotinamide-κN)bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)–isonicotinamide–ethanol (1/2/1)
Authors: Neumann Tristan , Jess Inke , Näther Christian
Published: July 2016

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C6H6N2O)4]·2C6H6N2O·C2H5OH, comprises one CoIIcation, two thiocyanate anions, four coordinating and two solvent isonicotinamide molecules and one ethanol solvent molecule. The CoIIcations are octahedrally coordinated by four N-coordinating isonicotinamide ligands and two terminally N-bonded thiocyanate anions. These discrete complexes are linked by intermolecular N—H...O and N—H...S hydrogen-bonding interactions into a three-dimensional network. The two isonicotinamide and the ethanol solvent molecules are embedded in channels of this network and are linked through further N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds to the network. The ethanol solvent molecule is disordered over two sets of sites (occupancy ratio 0.6:0.4).
Crystal structure of 2-benzoylamino-N′-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enohydrazide
Authors: Subbulakshmi Karanth N. , Narayana Badiadka , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Rathore Ravindranath S. , Glidewell Christopher
Published: July 2016

In the title compound, C21H17N3O3S, the non-H atoms, apart from those in the benzoyl group, are almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.049 Å) and the benzoyl group is almost orthogonal to the plane of the rest of the molecule [dihedral angle = 80.34 (6)°]. In the crystal, a combination of N—H...O and asymmetric bifurcated O—H...(N,O) hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a three-dimensional network. Weak C—H...O interactions are also observed.
6-Methyl-2-oxo-N-(quinolin-6-yl)-2H-chromene-3-carboxamide: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Gomes Lígia R. , Low John Nicolson , Fonseca André , Matos Maria João , Borges Fernanda
Published: July 2016

The title coumarin derivative, C20H14N2O3, displays intramolecular N—H...O and weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, which probably contribute to the approximate planarity of the molecule [dihedral angle between the coumarin and quinoline ring systems = 6.08 (6)°]. The supramolecular structures feature C—H...O hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions, as confirmed by Hirshfeld surface analyses.
Poly[bis[μ-4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoato](μ-4,4′-oxydibenzoato)bis[μ-3-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole]dicadmium(II)]
Authors: Qi Xiao-Jin , Yuan Bing-Nian , Zhang Kang-Long
Published: July 2016

Three kinds of bridging ligands, 4,4′-oxydibenzoate, 4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoate and 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, link the CdIIcations to form the title polymeric complex, [Cd2(C14H8O5)(C14H9O5)2(C12H9N5)2]n, in which each CdIIcation is in a distorted N2O5pentagonal–bipyramidal coordination geometry. The 4,4′-oxydibenzoate dianion exhibits point group symmetry 2, with the central O atom located on a twofold rotation axis. Classical N—H...O, O—H...N hydrogen bonds and weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the complex molecules into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. A solvent-accessible void of 53 (2) Å3is observed, but no solvent molecule could reasonably located there.
2-Methylpyridinium 2-carboxy-6-nitrobenzoate
Authors: Sivakumar P. , Sudhahar S. , Israel S. , Chakkaravarthi G.
Published: July 2016

In the title molecular salt, C6H8N+·C8H4NO6−, the pyridine ring is protonated at the N atom and the anion is deprotonated at one of the hydroxy O atoms. The dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene and pyridine rings is 8.45 (9)°. In the anion, the deprotonated carboxylate group is twisted at an angle of 73.78 (11)° from the attached benzene ring, whereas the carboxy group is slightly oriented at an angle of 14.98 (10)°. N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds link the anions and cations into an infinite chain along thecaxis and these chains are further consolidated by C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. The crystals structure is also influenced by weak π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.9055 (9) Å].
Classifying construction site photos for roof detection
Authors: Siddula Madhuri , Dai Fei , Ye Yanfang , Fan Jianping
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Roofing is one of the most dangerous jobs in the construction industry. Due to factors such as lack of planning, training and use of precaution, roofing contractors and workers continuously violate the fall protection standards enforced by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration. A preferable way to alleviate this situation is automating the process of non-compliance checking of safety standards through measurements conducted in site daily accumulated videos and photos. As a key component, the purpose of this paper is to devise a method to detect roofs in site images that is indispensable for such automation process.

Design/methodology/approach

This method represents roof objects through image segmentation and visual feature extraction. The visual features include colour, texture, compactness, contrast and the presence of roof corner. A classification algorithm is selected to use the derived representation for statistical learning and detection.

Findings

The experiments led to detection accuracy of 97.50 per cent, with over 15 per cent improvement in comparison to conventional classifiers, signifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Research limitations/implications

This study did not test on images of roofs in the following conditions: roofs initially built without apparent appearance (e.g. structural roof framing completed and undergoing the sheathing process) and flat, barrel and dome roofs. From a standpoint of construction safety, while the present work is vital, coupling with semantic representation and analysis is still needed to allow for risk analysis of fall violations on roof sites.

Originality/value

This study is the first to address roof detection in site images. Its findings provide a basis to enable semantic representation of roof site objects of interests (e.g. co-existence and correlation among roof site, roofer, guardrail and personal fall arrest system) that is needed to automate the non-compliance checking of safety standards on roof sites.
Rediscovering EarthCube: Collaborate. Or collaborate not. There is no I
Authors: Smith II Plato , Malik Tanu , Berg-Cross Gary
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The EarthCube Technology and Architecture Committee working groups needed current information on the development of existing EarthCube-funded projects (e.g. building blocks, conceptual designs, and research coordination networks) to fulfill the goals of the working groups (e.g. gap analysis, use cases, standards bodies and testbed). The aims of this study include a compilation of planned outcomes, an assessment of current work and an investigation of interests in research collaboration among select EarthCube-funded projects.

Design/methodology/approach

Twenty-four principal investigators of 24 different EarthCube projects completed the Funded Projects Questionnaire composed of 35 questions in March and April 2015.

Findings

The survey response rate was 100 per cent and included a diversity of results ranging from planning stages to early development to final development. The funded projects in this study received awards in 2013 and 2014.

Research limitations/implications

The results are EarthCube-specific and are not generalizable. Suggestions for future research include integration of crosscutting disciplines and perspectives, best practices, guidelines and standards for broader impact.

Practical implications

This study identified potential collaboration opportunities, use cases and gaps (e.g. unmet architectural, functional, operational, organizational and/or technical needs).

Social implications

The impact on society include an improved understanding of the various EarthCube-funded projects and potential for collaboration within and across multiple disciplines.

Originality/value

This study contributed to the development of select outputs for EarthCube-funded projects’ presentations, Tech Hands Meeting, 2015 All Hands Meeting, select working groups’ outcomes and EarthCube Strategic Technology Plan and is of value to stakeholders, scientists and users.
The joint-liability mechanism: controlling opportunism through peer monitoring among Chinese supplier groups
Authors: Hu Qinfang , Chan S. Fiona , Zhang Guangling , Yang Zhilin
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Grounded in agency and clan theories, this study aims to examine how, when and why joint liability works as a control mechanism to reduce opportunism among tea supplier groups in China.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data from 82 supplier groups (three respondents per group) were collected.

Findings

Joint liability is related positively to peer monitoring (as mediator) and negatively to opportunism, whereas the mediated relationship is moderated positively by group leaders’ perceived legitimate authority and negatively by reciprocity and shared norms.

Social implications

Opportunism is operationalized as the use of illegal pesticides, the violation of manufacturer–supplier contractual agreements and joint liability, as suppliers’ liability of having the whole group’s seasonal production is rejected by the manufacturer if a single act of opportunism is detected in the group.

Originality/value

Our study demonstrates how and under what conditions the joint-liability mechanism is linked with the reduction of multi-suppliers’ opportunism. We pave the way for future applications of the control mechanism to fields related to inter-organizational governance. Most importantly, we apply Ouchi’s clan theory (1979, 1980) to conceptualize manufacturer–supplier and supplier–supplier relationships in China and provide first-hand evidence to validate its applicability and generalizability to the context. The study also offers insights on network influences in inter-organizational relationships (Guet al., 2010; Wathne and Heide, 2004) and confirms the important roles of network factors in inter-organizational relationships. In particular, peer monitoring operates as a mediator and normative factors operate as facilitators (moderators) for the joint liability to work as a mechanism to control opportunism in this relationship context.
Green Maintenance for historic masonry buildings: an option appraisal approach
Authors: Kayan Brit Anak , Forster Alan M. , Banfill Phillip F.G.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– Sustainability is well understood to encapsulate economic, environmental and societal parameters. The efficiency of maintenance interventions for historic buildings is no exception and also conforms to these broad factors. Recently, environmental considerations for masonry repair have become increasingly important and this work supports this growing area. The purpose of this paper is to give insight on how an option appraisal approach of “Green Maintenance” modelling for historic masonry buildings repair practically determine and ultimately substantiate the decision-making process using a calculation procedures of life cycle assessment, within delineated boundaries.

Design/methodology/approach

– Calculation procedures of the model enables an assessment of embodied carbon that is expended from different stone masonry wall repair techniques and scenarios for historic masonry buildings during the maintenance phase.

Findings

– It recognises the importance roles Green Maintenance model can play in reducing carbon emissions and underpins rational decision making for repair selection.

Practical implications

– It must be emphasised that the calculation procedures presented here, is not confined to historic masonry buildings and can be applied to any repair types and building form. The decisions made as a result of the utilisation of this model practically support environmentally focused conservation decisions.

Social implications

– The implementation of the model highlights the efficacy of repairs that may be adopted.

Originality/value

– The paper is a rigorous application and testing of the Green Maintenance model. The model relays the “true” carbon cost of repairs contextualised within the longevity of the materials and its embodied carbon that consequently allows rational appraisal of repair and maintenance options.
Energy and architectural consequences of Swedish building code
Authors: Lundgren Marja Sofie
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose building code changes that would benefit both architectural design and the potential of achieving nearly zero energy goals by analyzing the architectural implications of the energy system boundaries within the Swedish code.

Design/methodology/approach

– The analysis is driven by three questions that relate the national implementation of EU directive on nearly zero energy 2020 to the premises set out in the guidelines for revising the Swedish building code aiming at a performance-based regulation. A crucial part of the research is a comparative analysis of the design implications of the code to research findings in scientific articles on near-zero energy or low-energy design.

Findings

– The energy system boundaries in the Swedish code are steering the architectural design and energy consequences of offices towards using less heat but more electricity. The energy section is also limiting the architectural design choices by ignoring the positive energy aspects of daylight. A proposal of a new comprehensive energy section taking all architectural design related energy aspects into account is presented, in order to support design of nearly zero energy buildings.

Practical implications

– A building code that relates the energy system boundaries to form will help integrated design choices that are more likely to support the strive towards nearly zero energy buildings.

Originality/value

– The paper reveals the design implication of the Swedish energy section to be counterproductive regarding energy efficiency as well as limiting architectural design choices.
Historicising Agency
Authors: Thomas Lynn M.
Published: July 2016

Why has ‘agency’ been such a tenacious concept in historical scholarship on women and gender, and what have been the consequences on this tenacity? This essay tackles these questions and proposes, through a brief examination of the history of skin lighteners in South Africa and beyond, how agency might be pushed in more surprising, more analytically productive directions. Too often agency slips from being a conceptual tool or starting point to a concluding argument. For example, in my subfield of African women's and gender history, statements like ‘African women had agency’ can stand as the impoverished punch lines of empirically rich studies. Consideration of Walter Johnson's 2003 essay ‘On Agency’ highlights the intellectual and political imperatives of 1970s Marxist and feminist social history that placed agency at centre stage. This essay examines why, more than a decade after Johnson's critique, agency endures as a ‘safety’ argument for reasons related to representational politics, research methodologies and the circumscribed imagination of intellectual gatekeepers. It argues that we should move beyond agency as argument by attending to the multiple concerns and desires – some intentional, others not – that animate human actions, including contentious gendered practices, and by examining how different historical actors have themselves understood agency. Agency has a history. By acknowledging and tracing that history, we will be better able to discern the usefulness and limits of agency for our own analyses.
‘Poor Gordon’: What the Australian Cult of Adam Lindsay Gordon Tells Us About Turn‐of‐the‐Twentieth‐Century Masculine Sentimentality
Authors: Bellanta Melissa
Published: July 2016

The popularity of the British‐born Australian poet and sportsman, Adam Lindsay Gordon (1833–1870), flowered after his death. Between 1870 and 1920, he was widely extolled as an exemplar of the Australian bushman and of British imperial masculinity alike. Fans lauded Gordon as a daredevil horseman who had lived in the bush in the Australian colonies’ roaring days. Fascinatingly, though, they expressed their enthusiasm for him in sentimental terms. This article shows that sentimental expressions of devotion to Gordon were part of a distinctive form of masculine sentimentality emerging in Western culture at the turn of the nineteenth century. The proponents of this sentimentality encouraged the members of Western imperial and settler‐colonial publics to sympathise with rugged bushmen such as Gordon – to collectively experience their sorrows, griefs and joys. In so doing, they helped to reinforce masculine and settler‐colonial power, since they elevated the sentiments of hardy masculine types at the expense of feminine ones. In Australia, sentimental representations of Gordon also helped divert attention from the violence committed by settlers against Aboriginal peoples. Based on the insight that masculinity and sentiment were profoundly intertwined in the day, this article calls for a new way of thinking about the relationship between these two phenomena in the turn‐of‐the‐century era.
P38 pathway as a key downstream signal of connective tissue growth factor to regulate metastatic potential in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Kato Shinichiro , Yokoyama Satoru , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Li Luhui , Iwakami Yusuke , Sakurai Hiroaki , Saiki Ikuo
Published: July 2016

Although the secretory matricellular protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been reported to be related to lung cancer metastasis, the precise mechanism by which CTGF regulates lung cancer metastasis has not been elucidated. In the present study, we show the molecular link between CTGF secretion and the p38 pathway in the invasive and metastatic potential of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among three different human NSCLC cell lines (PC‐14, A549, and PC‐9), their in vitro invasiveness was inversely correlated with the level of CTGF secretion. By supplementing or reducing CTGF secretion in NSCLC culture, dysregulation of the invasive and metastatic potential of NSCLC cell lines was largely compensated. By focusing on the protein kinases that are known to be regulated by CTGF, we found that the p38 pathway is a key downstream signal of CTGF to regulate the metastatic potential of NSCLC. Importantly, a negative correlation between CTGF and phosphorylation status of p38 was identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma dataset. In the context of the clinical importance of our findings, we showed that p38 inhibitor, SB203580, reduced the metastatic potential of NSCLC secreting low levels of CTGF. Collectively, our present findings indicate that the CTGF/p38 axis is a novel therapeutic target of NSCLC metastasis, particularly NSCLC secreting low levels of CTGF.
Sea otters, social justice, and ecosystem‐service perceptions in Clayoquot Sound, Canada
Authors: Levine Jordan , Muthukrishna Michael , Chan Kai M.A. , Satterfield Terre
Published: July 2016

We sought to take a first step toward better integration of social concerns into empirical ecosystem service (ES) work. We did this by adapting cognitive anthropological techniques to study the Clayoquot Sound social‐ecological system on the Pacific coast of Canada's Vancouver Island. We used freelisting and ranking exercises to elicit how locals perceive ESs and to determine locals’ preferred food species. We analyzed these data with the freelist‐analysis software package ANTHROPAC. We considered the results in light of an ongoing trophic cascade caused by the government reintroduction of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) and their spread along the island's Pacific coast. We interviewed 67 local residents (n = 29 females, n = 38 males; n = 26 self‐identified First Nation individuals, and n = 41 non‐First Nation individuals) and 4 government managers responsible for conservation policy in the region. We found that the mental categories participants—including trained ecologists—used to think about ESs, did not match the standard academic ES typology. With reference to the latest ecological model projections for the region, we found that First Nations individuals and women were most likely to perceive the most immediate ES losses from the trophic cascade, with the most certainty. The inverse was found for men and non‐First Nations individuals, generally. This suggests that 2 historically disadvantaged groups (i.e., First Nations and women) are poised to experience the immediate impacts of the government‐initiated trophic cascade as yet another social injustice in a long line of perceived inequities. Left unaddressed, this could complicate efforts at multistakeholder ecosystem management in the region.
BIG DATA AND BIG CITIES: THE PROMISES AND LIMITATIONS OF IMPROVED MEASURES OF URBAN LIFE
Authors: Glaeser Edward L. , Kominers Scott Duke , Luca Michael , Naik Nikhil
Published: July 2016

New, “big data” sources allow measurement of city characteristics and outcome variables at higher collection frequencies and more granular geographic scales than ever before. However, big data will not solve large urban social science questions on its own. Big urban data has the most value for the study of cities when it allows measurement of the previously opaque, or when it can be coupled with exogenous shocks to people or place. We describe a number of new urban data sources and illustrate how they can be used to improve the study and function of cities. We first show how Google Street View images can be used to predict income in New York City, suggesting that similar imagery data can be used to map wealth and poverty in previously unmeasured areas of the developing world. We then discuss how survey techniques can be improved to better measure willingness to pay for urban amenities. Finally, we explain how Internet data is being used to improve the quality of city services. (JEL R1, C8, C18)
Evolution of organogenesis and the origin of altriciality in mammals
Authors: Werneburg Ingmar , Laurin Michel , Koyabu Daisuke , Sánchez‐Villagra Marcelo R.
Published: July 2016

Mammals feature not only great phenotypic disparity, but also diverse growth and life history patterns, especially in maturity level at birth, ranging from altriciality to precocity. Gestation length, morphology at birth, and other markers of life history are fundamental to our understanding of mammalian evolution. Based on the first synthesis of embryological data and the study of new ontogenetic series, we reconstructed estimates of the ancestral chronology of organogenesis and life‐history modes in placental mammals. We found that the ancestor of marsupial and placental mammals was placental‐like at birth but had a long, marsupial‐like infancy. We hypothesize that mammalian viviparity might have evolved in association with the extension of growth after birth, enabled through lactation, and that mammalian altriciality is inherited from the earliest amniotes. The precocial lifestyle of extant sauropsids and that of many placental mammals were acquired secondarily. We base our conclusions on the best estimates and provide a comprehensive discussion on the methods used and the limitations of our dataset. We provide the most comprehensive embryological dataset ever published, “rescue” old literature sources, and apply available methods and illustrate thus an approach on how to investigate comparatively organogenesis in macroevolution.
The diversity of nanos expression in echinoderm embryos supports different mechanisms in germ cell specification
Authors: Fresques Tara , Swartz Steven Zachary , Juliano Celina , Morino Yoshiaki , Kikuchi Mani , Akasaka Koji , Wada Hiroshi , Yajima Mamiko , Wessel Gary M.
Published: July 2016

Specification of the germ cell lineage is required for sexual reproduction in all animals. However, the timing and mechanisms of germ cell specification is remarkably diverse in animal development. Echinoderms, such as sea urchins and sea stars, are excellent model systems to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to germ cell specification. In several echinoderm embryos tested, the germ cell factor Vasa accumulates broadly during early development and is restricted after gastrulation to cells that contribute to the germ cell lineage. In the sea urchin, however, the germ cell factor Vasa is restricted to a specific lineage by the 32‐cell stage. We therefore hypothesized that the germ cell specification program in the sea urchin/Euechinoid lineage has evolved to an earlier developmental time point. To test this hypothesis we determined the expression pattern of a second germ cell factor, Nanos, in four out of five extant echinoderm clades. Here we find that Nanos mRNA does not accumulate until the blastula stage or later during the development of all other echinoderm embryos except those that belong to the Echinoid lineage. Instead, Nanos is expressed in a restricted domain at the 32–128 cell stage in Echinoid embryos. Our results support the model that the germ cell specification program underwent a heterochronic shift in the Echinoid lineage. A comparison of Echinoid and non‐Echinoid germ cell specification mechanisms will contribute to our understanding of how these mechanisms have changed during animal evolution.
Origins of recently re‐established and newly discovered populations of the endangered butterfly Shijimiaeoides divinus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Oita Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Abe Yoshihisa , Miura Kazuki , Ito Hayato , Yago Masaya , Koh Sang‐Kyun , Murata Kouhei , Yamashita Hideji
Published: July 2016

The endangered butterfly Shijimiaeoides divinus was believed to have been extirpated from Oita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan, but was rediscovered in Taketa in recent years. This population is considered to have re‐established as a result of natural dispersal from Kumamoto, a neighboring prefecture located to the west of Oita. Furthermore, another population was recently found in Yufu, Oita Prefecture, which is an area where the species had never been recorded. To elucidate the origins of these two populations newly found from Oita Prefecture, their DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were compared with those of other S. divinus populations from Kumamoto Prefecture, Honshu and Korea. The results supported the hypothesis that the Taketa population originated from Kumamoto Prefecture. However, it was not clear whether this population originated from the natural dispersal or deliberate release of individuals. It was also found that the Yufu population was not established by the deliberate release of individuals from Honshu or Korea; however, it remained unclear whether the population of S. divinus was native to Yufu, or originated from other localities in Kyushu.
Genomics of platelet disorders
Authors: Westbury S. K. , Mumford A. D.
Published: July 2016

Genetic diagnosis in families with inherited platelet disorders (IPD) is not performed widely because of the genetic heterogeneity of this group of disorders and because in most cases, it is not possible to select single candidate genes for analysis using clinical and laboratory phenotypes. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized the scale and cost‐effectiveness of genetic testing, and has emerged as a valuable tool for IPD. This review examines the potential utility of NGS as a diagnostic tool to streamline detection of causal variants in known IPD genes and as a vehicle for new gene discovery.
Comparative genomics of the human, macaque and mouse major histocompatibility complex
Authors: Shiina Takashi , Blancher Antoine , Inoko Hidetoshi , Kulski Jerzy K.
Published: July 2016

The MHC is a highly polymorphic genomic region that encodes the transplantation and immune regulatory molecules. It receives special attention for genetic investigation because of its important role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and its strong association with numerous infectious and/or autoimmune diseases. The MHC locus was first discovered in the mouse and for the past 50 years it has been studied most intensively in both mice and humans. However, in recent years the macaque species have emerged as some of the more important and advanced experimental animal models for biomedical research into MHC with important human immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus and transplantation studies undertaken in association with precise MHC genotyping and haplotyping methods using Sanger sequencing and next‐generation sequencing. Here, in this special issue on ‘Macaque Immunology’ we provide a short review of the genomic similarities and differences among the human, macaque and mouse MHC class I and class II regions, with an emphasis on the association of the macaque class I region with MHC polymorphism, haplotype structure and function.
Transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR‐FAP) in Mallorca: a comparison between late‐ and early‐onset disease
Authors: Buades‐Reinés Juan , Raya‐Cruz Manuel , Gallego‐Lezaún Cristina , Ripoll‐Vera Tomás , Usón‐Martín Mercedes , Andreu‐Serra Hernán , Cisneros‐Barroso Eugenia
Published: July 2016

The age of onset (AO) of hereditary ATTR amyloidosis (hATTR) is known to vary between populations, with differing characteristics reported according to AO in endemic/non‐endemic foci. This was a retrospective study of patients with early AO (<50 years) and late AO (≥50 years) hATTR at our center in Mallorca. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical disease manifestation, and physical symptoms. A total of 95 patients were analyzed, with mean follow‐up of 9 years from diagnosis. The early AO group included 53 patients (33 male) and the late AO group included 42 patients (21 male). Neurologic involvement was the most common initial symptom, although it was significantly more frequent in the late AO vs. early AO group (p = 0.015). Autonomic involvement was observed in 26% of patients in the early AO group, but was rarely observed in the late AO group (5%). During follow up, cardiologic symptoms, renal involvement, and ophthalmologic symptoms were significantly more common in the late AO group (p < 0.05). This retrospective study demonstrates the variation in disease presentation and progression according to AO of hATTR at our Mallorcan center.
A review of software tools for spell‐checking taxon names in vegetation databases
Authors: Wagner Viktoria
Published: July 2016

Correct spelling of taxon names in vegetation databases is a fundamental prerequisite for many data processing steps. However, manual detection and correction of spelling mistakes is inefficient, prone to errors and non‐reproducible, especially when scanning large databases. Here, I review six software tools that spell‐check taxon names in vegetation databases: (1) the Global Names Resolver, (2) the Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera, (3) the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service and R packages (4) Plantminer, (5) Taxonstand and (6) tpl. In particular, I test their capacity to spell‐check names across the taxonomic ranks and organism groups frequently encountered in vegetation data and challenge their ability to screen names from different geographic regions. Performance by software tools differed widely in these tests. Backed up by multiple reference lists, the Global Names Resolver emerged as the most versatile software tool. All software solutions currently suffer from some minor limitations, including an inability to spell‐check names of hybrid taxa. Furthermore, some spelling mistakes, by their nature, cannot be resolved unambiguously. Given these limitations, taxon names should be spell‐checked with software tools in a semi‐automatic rather than an automatic way.
Learning to Cooperate: Applying Deming's New Economics and Denzau and North's New Institutional Economics to Improve Interorganizational Systems Thinking
Authors: Denzau Arthur T. , Minassians Henrik P. , Roy Ravi K.
Published: July 2016

Public administrators often go about their business blind to how their actions both affect, and are affected by, the activities and processes of agents operating outside their own organizations. In truth, no single agency or department operates in a vacuum or in isolation of other organizational entities. According to world‐renowned leadership and management expert, W. Edwards Deming, a given agency's ability to perform its duties effectively is the result of a myriad of interdependent processes and operations with other organizations. Consequently, effective leaders must develop an understanding of how the departments they oversee both influence, and are at the same time influenced by the outside agencies and organizations upon whom they mutually depend.

1) We draw jointly on W. Edwards Deming's System of Profound Knowledge (SoPK) framework and Arthur T. Denzau and Douglass C. North's (1994) New Institutional Economics (NIE)‐based work on Shared Mental Models (SMM) to explore why inter‐agency cooperation tends to be limited in ‘traditional’ organizational environments. 2) Drawing on Denzau and North's SMM, we then suggest how inter‐organizational communication and cooperation can be facilitated via two means of learning—training and experiential. 3) We then apply concepts from Denzau and North's SMM to suggest a modified model of the Nash equilibrium used in game theory. This model is then used to operationalize the learning path to Deming's approach to ‘systems thinking’ (SoPK.) 4) Finally, we provide a real‐world example to illustrate the modified model.
Informal, Inquisitorial, and Accurate: An Empirical Look at a Problem-Solving Housing Court
Authors: Steinberg Jessica K.
Published: July 2016

Substantive justice is often seen as elusive in courts dominated by low-income individuals. Complex court rules, coupled with pervasive lack of counsel, can make it difficult for the traditional adversary process to identify and redress legitimate grievances. This article takes on the social problem of substandard housing and examines whether inquisitorial procedure has the potential to produce accurate outcomes in a tribunal dominated by the unrepresented. Relying on in-court observations of nearly 300 hearings, and a longitudinal review of nearly seventy-five cases, this article surfaces the regularized procedures utilized by a purported “problem-solving” housing court, and theorizes that the inquisitorial features of judicially controlled investigation and enforcement may motivate landlords to repair substantiated housing code violations. This article adds nuance to our understanding of informal justice by identifying the hidden procedural formalisms that may guide alternative decision-making processes. Furthermore, it evaluates the relationship of one iteration of experimental formalism to substantive justice, and suggests that inquisitorial procedures may be correlated with improved accuracy in case outcomes.
When should workers embrace or resist new technology?
Authors: Edwards Paul , Ramirez Paulina
Published: July 2016

The question of how workers might respond to new technologies has lurked behind many debates on the subject. It has not been posed directly, in part because of concerns about the determinism of asking about the effects of a technology. A preliminary is to set aside these concerns by showing that effects can be identified without determinism. The main argument is that technologies can be assessed on six dimensions: intended or unintended effects; direct and indirect effects; degree of reconstitution in use; immanence; degree of success and degree of discontinuity with the past. These dimensions can then be used to pose questions about any one technology. Three illustrations suggest how such questions can be posed in concrete conditions. Technologies can be challenged so that alternatives to extant systems of work organisation can be considered.
Low incidence of D alloimmunization among patients with a serologic weak D phenotype after D+ transfusion
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Brunker Patricia A. , Bakdash Suzanne , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Earnest Victorea , Harris Samantha , Delaney Meghan
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

By consensus definition, the red blood cells (RBCs) of patients that react weak to 2+ in the serologic D test are classified as having the serologic weak D phenotype (weak D). The risk of D alloimmunization in patients with weak D is not well studied. This study retrospectively determined the incidence of D alloimmunization in patients with weak D who received D+ blood products.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Patient records at four institutions were reviewed. Eligible patients had at least 1 D typing result with agglutination strength that was weak to 2+ result in gel or tube (Institutions 1‐3) or weak to 2+ result in solid phase or a positive tube weak D test using antihuman globulin reagent (Institution 4). All patients received at least 1 D+ allogeneic RBC or platelet transfusion and had a subsequent antibody detection test performed at least 30 days after the first D+ transfusion.

RESULTS

The incidence of alloanti‐D formation was 0.15% (6/4011, at Institutions 1‐3) and 5.1% (3/59, at Institution 4; these incidences were significantly different [p = 0.0002]). There were 0.15% (6/4011) patients who had autoanti‐D detected; all were at Institutions 1 to 3.

CONCLUSIONS

Until RHD genotyping is widely available, these data support the fact that patients with serologic weak D may be transfused with D+ RBCs if an urgent transfusion is required. At Institution 4, inclusion of a higher proportion of black patients compared to the other institutions may have affected the incidence of alloimmunization by perhaps including partial D recipients who are at risk of forming D antibodies.
On Einstein’s Program and Quantum Double Slit Experiment
Authors: Elbaz Claude
Published: July 2016

The Einstein’s program enables a theoretical economy for quantum double slit experiment, in its wave-particle duality behavior, with the unification of first and second quantifications for light and matter. It introduces a space-like amplitude function u(r,t), which completes the usual time-like functions ψ(r,t) of quantum mechanics and quantum fields. The Einstein’s program is founded upon a scalar field propagating at speed of light c. It forms a common relativist framework, for classical and quantum properties of matter and interactions. Matter properties derive from standing waves, and interactions from progressive waves. The classical domain arises in the geometrical optics approximation, when frequencies are infinitely high, and then hidden. The quantum domain corresponds to wave optics approximation. Adiabatic variations of frequencies yield electromagnetic interaction and dynamical laws of energy-momentum conservation and least action principle.
Solid Oxide Cell Microstructural Performance in Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Reactant Streams
Authors: van Zandt Zachary K. , Nelson George J.
Published: July 2016

A distributed charge transfer (DCT) model has been developed to analyze solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and electrolyzers operating in H2–H2O and CO–CO2 atmospheres. The model couples mass transport based on the dusty-gas model (DGM), ion and electron transport in terms of charged species electrochemical potentials, and electrochemical reactions defined by Butler–Volmer kinetics. The model is validated by comparison to published experimental data, particularly cell polarization curves for both fuel cell and electrolyzer operation. Parametric studies have been performed to compare the effects of microstructure on the performance of SOFCs and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) operating in H2–H2O and CO–CO2 gas streams. Compared to the H2–H2O system, the power density of the CO–CO2 system shows a greater sensitivity to pore microstructure, characterized by the porosity and tortuosity. Analysis of the pore diameter concurs with the porosity and tortuosity parametric studies that CO–CO2 systems are more sensitive to microstructural changes than H2–H2O systems. However, the concentration losses of the CO–CO2 system are significantly higher than those of the H2–H2O system for the pore sizes analyzed. While both systems can be shown to improve in performance with higher porosity, lower tortuosity, and larger pore sizes, the results of these parametric studies imply that CO–CO2 systems would benefit more from such microstructural changes. These results further suggest that objectives for tailoring microstructure in solid oxide cells (SOCs) operating in CO–CO2 are distinct from objectives for more common H2-focused systems.
Effects of Grouping Forms, Student Gender and Ability Level on the Pleasure Experienced in Physical Education
Authors: Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa , Patelli Gianpaolo
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to estimate the main and interaction effects of grouping forms, student gender and ability level on the pleasure experienced in physical education (PE). The participants included 178 secondary school students (M = 13.17, SD = .81), with 72 students enrolled in a basketball unit and 106 students enrolled in an endurance unit. Seventy-eight students participated in PE in alternating groups (alternating ability-based and mixed ability groups), and 100 students participated in mixed ability classes. Pleasure was assessed using a validated French language 10-item scale. The results indicated a significant main effect of grouping forms on the pleasure experienced in the basketball unit and a small but nonsignificant effect for endurance. The students in the alternating groups felt more pleasure than those in the mixed ability classes. Considering the importance of pleasure in PE, the alternating groups appear to represent a good solution.
Exploration of the psychological impact and adaptation to cardiac events in South Asians in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Bhattacharyya Mimi , Stevenson Fiona , Walters Kate
Published: July 2016

Objective

There is little research on how different ethnic groups adapt after an acute cardiac event. This qualitative study explores between-ethnicity and within-ethnicity variation in adaptation, and the psychological impact of an acute cardiac event among UK South Asian and white British people.

Setting

We purposively sampled people by ethnic group from general practices in London who had a new myocardial infarction, angina or acute arrhythmia in the preceding 18 months.

Participants

We conducted 28 semistructured interviews for exploring the psychological symptoms, experiences and adaptations following a cardiac event among South Asians (Indian and Bangladeshi) in comparison to white British people. Data were analysed using a thematic ‘framework’ approach.

Results

Findings showed heterogeneity in experiences of the cardiac event and its subsequent psychological and physical impact. Adaptation to the event related predominantly to life circumstances, personal attitudes and employment status. Anxiety and low mood symptoms were common sequelae, especially in the Bangladeshi group. Indian men tended to normalise symptoms and the cardiac event, and reported less negative mood symptoms than other groups. Fear of physical exertion, particularly heavy lifting, persisted across the groups. Some people across all ethnic groups indicated the need for more psychological therapy postcardiac event. Socioeconomic circumstances, age and prior work status appeared to be more important in relation to adaptation after a cardiac event than ethnic status.

Conclusions

Heterogeneity in views and experiences related to the socioeconomic background, age and work status of the participants along with some cultural influences. Rehabilitation programmes should be flexibly tailored for individuals in particular and where relevant, specific support should be provided for returning to work.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of first-generation and second-generation antidepressants in the acute treatment of major depression: protocol for a network meta-analysis
Authors: Furukawa Toshi A , Salanti Georgia , Atkinson Lauren Z , Leucht Stefan , Ruhe Henricus G , Turner Erick H , Chaimani Anna , Ogawa Yusuke , Takeshima Nozomi , Hayasaka Yu , Imai Hissei , Shinohara Kiyomi , Suganuma Aya , Watanabe Norio , Stockton Sarah , Geddes John R , Cipriani Andrea
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Many antidepressants are indicated for the treatment of major depression. Two network meta-analyses have provided the most comprehensive assessments to date, accounting for both direct and indirect comparisons; however, these reported conflicting interpretation of results. Here, we present a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed at updating the evidence base and comparing all second-generation as well as selected first-generation antidepressants in terms of efficacy and acceptability in the acute treatment of major depression.

Methods and analysis

We will include all randomised controlled trials reported as double-blind and comparing one active drug with another or with placebo in the acute phase treatment of major depression in adults. We are interested in comparing the following active agents: agomelatine, amitriptyline, bupropion, citalopram, clomipramine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, reboxetine, sertraline, trazodone, venlafaxine, vilazodone and vortioxetine. The main outcomes will be the proportion of patients who responded to or dropped out of the allocated treatment. Published and unpublished studies will be sought through relevant database searches, trial registries and websites; all reference selection and data extraction will be conducted by at least two independent reviewers. We will conduct a random effects network meta-analysis to synthesise all evidence for each outcome and obtain a comprehensive ranking of all treatments. To rank the various treatments for each outcome, we will use the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and the mean ranks. We will employ local as well as global methods to evaluate consistency. We will fit our model in a Bayesian framework using OpenBUGS, and produce results and various checks in Stata and R. We will also assess the quality of evidence contributing to network estimates of the main outcomes with the GRADE framework.

Ethics and dissemination

This review does not require ethical approval.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42012002291.