bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-scale Sobolev inequalities on metric measure spaces and applications
Authors: Tessera Romain
Published: December 2011

For functions on a metric measure space, we introduce a notion of "gradient at a given scale''. This allows us to define Sobolev inequalities at a given scale. We prove that satisfying a Sobolev inequality at a large enough scale is invariant under large-scale equivalence, a metric-measure version of coarse equivalence. We prove that for a Riemmanian manifold satisfying a local Poincaré inequality, our notion of Sobolev inequalities at large scale is equivalent to its classical version. These notions provide a natural and efficient point of view to study the relations between the large time on-diagonal behavior of random walks and the isoperimetry of the space. Specializing our main result to locally compact groups, we obtain that the

L^p

-isoperimetric profile, for every

1\leq p\leq \infty

is invariant under quasi-isometry between amenable unimodular compactly generated locally compact groups. A qualitative application of this new approach is a very general characterization of the existence of a spectral gap on a quasi-transitive measure space

X

, providing a natural point of view to understand this phenomenon.
The real genus of the alternating groups
Authors: Etayo Gordejuela José Javier , Martínez Ernesto
Published: December 2011

A Klein surface with boundary of algebraic genus

\mathfrak{p}\geq 2

, has at most

12(\mathfrak{p}-1)

automorphisms. The groups attaining this upper bound are called

M^{\ast}

-groups, and the corresponding surfaces are said to have maximal symmetry. The

M^{\ast}

-groups are characterized by a partial presentation by generators and relators. The alternating groups

A_{n}

were proved to be

M^{\ast}

-groups when

n\geq 168

by M. Conder. In this work we prove that

A_{n}

is an

M^{\ast }

-group if and only if

n\geq 13

or

n=5,10

. In addition, we describe topologically the surfaces with maximal symmetry having

A_{n}

as automorphism group, in terms of the partial presentation of the group. As an application we determine explicitly all such surfaces for

n\leq 14

. Each finite group

G

acts as an automorphism group of several Klein surfaces. The minimal genus of these surfaces is called the real genus of the group,

\rho(G)

. If

G

is an

M^{\ast}

-group then

\rho(G)=\frac{o(G)}{12}+1

. We end our work by calculating the real genus of the alternating groups which are not

M^{\ast}

-groups.
A note on boundaries of open polynomial images of $\mathbb R^2$
Authors: Ueno Carlos
Published: December 2011

We construct a family of polynomial maps

\mathbb{R}^2\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^2

such that their images are open semialgebraic sets whose topological exteriors have arbitrarily many connected components, which are parametric semilines.
Extension of $C^{m, \omega}$-Smooth Functions by Linear Operators
Authors: Fefferman Charles
Published: December 2011

Let

C^{m, \omega} ( \mathbb{R}^n)

be the space of functions on

\mathbb{R}^n

whose

m^{\sf th}

derivatives have modulus of continuity

\omega

. For

E \subset \mathbb{R}^n

, let

C^{m , \omega} (E)

be the space of all restrictions to

E

of functions in

C^{m , \omega} ( \mathbb{R}^n)

. We show that there exists a bounded linear operator

T: C^{m , \omega} ( E ) \rightarrow C^{m , \omega } ( \mathbb{R}^n)

such that, for any

f \in C^{m , \omega} ( E )

, we have

T f = f

on

E

.
The $C^m$ Norm of a Function with Prescribed Jets II
Authors: Fefferman Charles
Published: December 2011

We give algorithms to compute a function

F

on

\mathbb R^n

, having prescribed Taylor polynomials (or taking prescribed values) at

N

given points, with the

C^m

-norm of

F

close to least possible.
Triple Hilbert transforms along polynomial surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^4$
Authors: Carbery Anthony , Wainger Stephen , Wright James
Published: December 2011

We investigate the

L^2

boundedness of the triple Hilbert transform along the surface given by the graph of a real polynomial

P

of three variables. We are interested in understanding the relationship between the geometric properties of the Newton polyhedron of

P

and the analytic property of

L^2

boundedness.
$p$-Capacity and $p$-Hyperbolicity of Submanifolds
Authors: Holopainen Ilkka , Markvorsen Steen , Palmer Vicente
Published: December 2011

We use explicit solutions to a drifted Laplace equation in warped product model spaces as comparison constructions to show

p

-hyperbolicity of a large class of submanifolds for

p\ge 2

. The condition for

p

-hyperbolicity is expressed in terms of upper support functions for the radial sectional curvatures of the ambient space and for the radial convexity of the submanifold. In the process of showing

p

-hyperbolicity we also obtain explicit lower bounds on the

p

-capacity of finite annular domains of the submanifolds in terms of the drifted

2

-capacity of the corresponding annuli in the respective comparison spaces.
Uniform estimates for paraproducts and related multilinear multipliers
Authors: Bernicot Frédéric
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we prove some uniform estimates between Lebesgue and Hardy spaces for operators closely related to the multilinear paraproducts on

\mathbb{R}^d

. We are looking for uniformity with respect to parameters, which allows us to disturb the geometry and the metric on

\mathbb{R}^d

.
Sharp linear and bilinear restriction estimates for paraboloids in the cylindrically symmetric case
Authors: Shao Shuanglin
Published: December 2011

For cylindrically symmetric functions dyadically supported on the paraboloid, we obtain a family of sharp linear and bilinear adjoint restriction estimates. As corollaries, we first extend the ranges of exponents for the classical \textit{linear or bilinear adjoint restriction conjectures} for such functions and verify the \textit{linear adjoint restriction conjecture} for the paraboloid. We also interpret the restriction estimates in terms of solutions to the Schrödinger equation and establish the analogous results when the paraboloid is replaced by the lower third of the sphere.
Valiron’s construction in higher dimension
Authors: Bracci Filippo , Gentili Graziano , Poggi-Corradini Pietro
Published: December 2011

We consider holomorphic self-maps

\varphi

of the unit ball

\mathbb B^N

in

\mathbb C^N

(

N=1,2,3,\dots

). In the one-dimensional case, when

\varphi

has no fixed points in

\mathbb D\coloneqq \mathbb B^1

and is of hyperbolic type, there is a classical renormalization procedure due to Valiron which allows to semi-linearize the map

\varphi

, and therefore, in this case, the dynamical properties of

\varphi

are well understood. In what follows, we generalize the classical Valiron construction to higher dimensions under some weak assumptions on

\varphi

at its Denjoy–Wolff point. As a result, we construct a semi-conjugation

\sigma

, which maps the ball into the right half-plane of

\mathbb C

, and solves the functional equation

\sigma\circ \varphi=\lambda \sigma

, where

\lambda > 1

is the (inverse of the) boundary dilation coefficient at the Denjoy–Wolff point of

\varphi

.
Real analytic parameter dependence of solutions of differential equations
Authors: Domański Paweł
Published: December 2011

We consider the problem of real analytic parameter dependence of solutions of the linear partial differential equation

P(D)u=f

, i.e., the question if for every family

(f_\lambda)\subseteq \mathscr{D}'(\Omega)

of distributions depending in a real analytic way on

\lambda\in U

,

U

a real analytic manifold, there is a family of solutions

(u_\lambda)\subseteq \mathscr D'(\Omega)

also depending analytically on

\lambda

such that

P(D)u_\lambda=f_\lambda\qquad \text{for every $\lambda\in U$},

where

\Omega\subseteq \mathbb{R}^ d

an open set. For general surjective variable coefficients operators or operators acting on currents over a smooth manifold we give a solution in terms of an abstract “Hadamard three circle property” for the kernel of the operator. The obtained condition is evaluated giving the full solution (usually in terms of the symbol) for operators with constant coefficients and open (convex)

\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^d

if

P(D)

is of one of the following types: 1) elliptic, 2) hypoelliptic, 3) homogeneous, 4) of two variables, 5) of order two or 6) if

P(D)

is the system of Cauchy–Riemann equations. An analogous problem is solved for convolution operators of one variable. In all enumerated cases, it follows that the solution is in the affirmative if and only if

P(D)

has a linear continuous right inverse which shows a striking difference comparing with analogous smooth or holomorphic parameter dependence problems.

The paper contains the whole theory working also for operators on Beurling ultradistributions

\mathscr{D}'_{(\omega)}

. We prove a characterization of surjectivity of tensor products of general surjective linear operators on a wide class of spaces containing most of the natural spaces of classical analysis.
Exploding solutions for a nonlocal quadratic evolution problem
Authors: Li Dong , Rodrigo José L. , Zhang Xiaoyi
Published: December 2011

We consider a nonlinear parabolic equation with fractional diffusion which arises from modelling chemotaxis in bacteria. We prove the wellposedness, continuation criteria and smoothness of local solutions. In the repulsive case we prove global wellposedness in Sobolev spaces. Finally in the attractive case, we prove that for a class of smooth initial data the

L_x^\infty

-norm of the corresponding solution blows up in finite time. This solves a problem left open by Biler and Woyczy\'nski [Biler, P. and Woyczy\'Nski, W.A.: Global and exploding solutions for nonlocal quadratic evolution problems. SIAM J. Appl. Math. {\bf 59} (1999), no. 3, 845-869].
On the cluster size distribution for percolation on some general graphs
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Antar , Steif Jeffrey E. , Timár Ádám
Published: December 2011

We show that for any Cayley graph, the probability (at any

p

) that the cluster of the origin has size

n

decays at a well-defined exponential rate (possibly 0). For general graphs, we relate this rate being positive in the supercritical regime with the amenability/nonamenability of the underlying graph.
Lowest uniformizations of closed Riemann orbifolds
Authors: Hidalgo Rubén A.
Published: December 2011

A Kleinian group containing a Schottky group as a finite index subgroup is called a Schottky extension group. If

\Omega

is the region of discontinuity of a Schottky extension group

K

, then the quotient

\Omega/K

is a closed Riemann orbifold; called a Schottky orbifold. Closed Riemann surfaces are examples of Schottky orbifolds as a consequence of the Retrosection Theorem. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a Riemann orbifold to be a Schottky orbifold are due to M. Reni and B. Zimmermann in terms of the signature of the orbifold. It is well known that the lowest uniformizations of a closed Riemann surface are exactly those for which the Deck group is a Schottky group. In this paper we extend such a result to the class of Schottky orbifolds, that is, we prove that the lowest uniformizations of a Schottky orbifold are exactly those for which the Deck group is a Schottky extension group.
The $(L^1,L^1)$ bilinear Hardy-Littlewood function and Furstenberg averages
Authors: Assani Idris , Buczolich Zoltán
Published: December 2011

Let

(X,\mathcal{B}, \mu, T)

be an ergodic dynamical system on a non-atomic finite measure space. Consider the maximal function

R^* : (f, g) \in L^1 \times L^1 \rightarrow R^*(f, g)(x) = \sup_{n} \frac{f(T^n x) g(T^{2n} x)}{n}.

We show that there exist

f

and

g

such that

R^*(f, g)(x)

is not finite almost everywhere. Two consequences are derived. The bilinear Hardy-Littlewood maximal function fails to be a.e. finite for all functions

(f, g)\in L^1\times L^1

. The Furstenberg averages do not converge for all pairs of

(L^1,L^1)

functions, while by a result of J. Bourgain these averages converge for all pairs of

(L^p,L^q)

functions with

\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q} \leq 1

.
The $C^m$ Norm of a Function with Prescribed Jets I
Authors: Fefferman Charles
Published: December 2011

We prove a variant of the classical Whitney extension theorem, in which the

C^m

-norm of the extending function is controlled up to a given, small percentage error.
Le théorème du symbole total d’un opérateur différentiel $p$-adique d’échelon $h$ ≥ 0
Authors: Mebkhout Zoghman
Published: December 2011

In this article we prove the total symbol theorem for the

p

-adic differential operators of degree

h\geq 0

for the echelon filtration and the noetherianity of the ring of the

p

-adic differential operators of degree

h\geq 0

for the echelon filtration over a

\dagger

-adic affine smooth scheme small enough.
Regularity for solutions of the total variation denoising problem
Authors: Caselles Vicent , Chambolle Antonin , Novaga Matteo
Published: December 2011

The main purpose of this paper is to prove a local Hölder regularity result for the solutions of the total variation based denoising problem assuming that the datum is locally Hölder continuous. We also prove a global estimate on the modulus of continuity of the solution in convex domains of

\mathbb{R}^N

and some extensions of this result for the total variation minimization flow.
A new hypoelliptic operator on almost CR manifolds
Authors: Ponge Raphaël
Published: December 2011

The aim of this paper is to present the construction, out of the Kohn-Rossi complex, of a new hypoelliptic operator

Q_L

on almost CR manifolds equipped with a real structure. The operator acts on all

(p,q)

-forms, but when restricted to

(p,0)

-forms and

(p,n)

-forms it is a sum of squares up to sign factor and lower order terms. Therefore, only a finite type condition condition is needed to have hypoellipticity on those forms. However, outside these forms

Q_L

may fail to be hypoelliptic, as it is shown in the example of the Heisenberg group

\mathbb{H}^{5}

.
Coefficient multipliers on Banach spaces of analytic functions
Authors: Blasco Óscar , Pavlović Miroslav
Published: December 2011

Motivated by an old paper of Wells [J. London Math. Soc. {\bf 2} (1970), 549-556] we define the space

X\otimes Y

, where

X

and

Y

are "homogeneous" Banach spaces of analytic functions on the unit disk

\mathbb{D}

, by the requirement that

f

can be represented as

f=\sum_{j=0}^\infty g_n * h_n

, with

g_n\in X

,

h_n\in Y

and

\sum_{n=1}^\infty \|g_n\|_X \|h_n\|_Y < \infty

. We show that this construction is closely related to coefficient multipliers. For example, we prove the formula

((X\otimes Y),Z)=(X,(Y,Z))

, where

(U,V)

denotes the space of multipliers from

U

to

V

, and as a special case

(X\otimes Y)^*=(X,Y^*)

, where

U^*=(U,H^\infty)

. We determine

H^1\otimes X

for a class of spaces that contains

H^p

and

\ell^p

(1\le p\le 2)

, and use this together with the above formulas to give quick proofs of some important results on multipliers due to Hardy and Littlewood, Zygmund and Stein, and others.
High-dimensional Menger-type curvatures. Part I: Geometric multipoles and multiscale inequalities
Authors: Lerman Gilad , Whitehouse J. Tyler
Published: December 2011

We define discrete and continuous Menger-type curvatures. The discrete curvature scales the volume of a

(d+1)

-simplex in a real separable Hilbert space

H

, whereas the continuous curvature integrates the square of the discrete one according to products of a given measure (or its restriction to balls). The essence of this paper is to establish an upper bound on the continuous Menger-type curvature of an Ahlfors regular measure

\mu

on

H

in terms of the Jones-type flatness of

\mu

(which adds up scaled errors of approximations of

\mu

by

d

-planes at different scales and locations). As a consequence of this result we obtain that uniformly rectifiable measures satisfy a Carleson-type estimate in terms of the Menger-type curvature. Our strategy combines discrete and integral multiscale inequalities for the polar sine with the "geometric multipoles" construction, which is a multiway analog of the well-known method of fast multipoles.
A Return on Investment Evaluation of the Citibank, N.A., Health Management Program
Authors: Ozminkowski Ronald J. , Dunn Rodney L. , Goetzel Ron Z. , Cantor Richard I. , Murnane Jan , Harrison Mary
Published: December 2011

Objectives.

Citibank, N.A., initiated a comprehensive health, demand, and disease management program in 1994, using program services offered by Healthtrac, Inc., of Menlo Park, California. Program components included an initial screening of employees, computerized triage of subjects into higher and lower risk intervention programs, extensive follow-up with the higher risk subjects, and general health education and awareness building. The objective of this study was to estimate the financial impact of this program on medical expenditures.

Methods.

A quasiexperimental design was applied comparing medical expenditures before vs. after the intervention for program participants and nonparticipants. The 22,838 subjects (11,194 program participants and 11,644 nonparticipants) were followed for an average of 38 months before and after administration of a Healthtrac health risk appraisal (HRA) instrument that triggered the start of the program. To adjust for selection bias to the extent possible with these data, multiple regression models were used to estimate the savings in medical expenditures associated with program participation. The resulting dollar savings were compared to program costs to estimate the economic return on the company's investment in the program.

Results.

The return on investment (ROI) was estimated to be between $4.56 and $4.73 saved per dollar spent on the program, depending on the discount rate applied. These results are similar to published evaluations of Healthtrac programs implemented with other populations.

Conclusions.

Despite limitations inherent in any retrospective observational study, the strong, positive ROI shown here suggests that a well-designed health management program (HMP), which focuses interventions on high risk populations, can result in monetary savings to an organization.
A portable fiber optic system for measuring particle absorption using the quantified filter technique (QFT)
Authors: Miller Richard L. , Buonassissi Christopher , Del Castillo Carlos E. , Belz Mathias
Published: December 2011

The Quantitative Filter Technique (QFT) has been shown to be an effective method for determining absorption coefficients of aquatic particles retained by filters. Although many investigators use the QFT, its routine use has been limited due in‐part to the required use of a high performance spectrophotometer and prescribed protocols for handling, storage, and transport of filters obtained in the field for later laboratory analysis. We describe a portable fiber optic system for conducting QFT measurements designed to overcome these limitations. The system (QFT2) consists of a high intensity light source, filter holder, and a photodiode array spectrometer configured as a single‐beam optical system. A set of 52 samples consisting of natural samples and cultures were analyzed following standard QFT protocols on a conventional spectrophotometer and the QFT2 system. Optical Density (absorbance) rather than absorption spectra were compared to avoid errors introduced by determining the pathlength amplification factor, β. Optical density (OD) spectra normalized at 400 nm measured using the fiber optic system were very similar to spectrophotometer spectra over a wide range of particle loadings. Strong linear relationships of normalized OD values at 443, 520, 550, 650, and 670 nm were observed for total particulate (r2 = 0.996; P < 0.001, n = 52), detrital particulate (r2 = 0.991, P < 0.001, n = 38), and pigmented particles or phytoplankton (r2 = 0.968, P < 0.001, n = 38). The greatest difference between the two systems was observed at ca. 683 nm where the QFT2 underestimates absorption due to pigment fluorescence.
Practical steps for improved estimates of calcium carbonate concentrations in deep sea sediments using coulometry
Authors: Mörth Carl‐Magnus , Backman Jan
Published: December 2011

Coulometric titration is a commonly used method for determination of carbonate carbon, and hence calcium carbonate concentrations, in geological materials. Analyzes of 460 samples of pure CaCO3 powder demonstrate that the coulometer output data need to be recalculated using a multi‐point regression analysis. These analyses also demonstrate that to generate a precision of ±0.8%, at least 7 mg of 100% calcite is needed. A precision of ± 0.5% requires 12 mg pure calcite. We recommend that 35 mg samples are used for most deep sea sediment samples, which gives a precision of ±0.8% down to 20% calcite contents in the sample. Calcite contents <10% in samples require multiple runs to improve precision.
Quality Analysis of Welded and Soldered Joints of Cu-Nb Microcomposite Wires
Authors: VIŠNIAKOV Nikolaj , NOVICKIJ Jurij , ŠČEKATUROVIENĖ Danutė , PETRAUSKAS Adomas
Published: December 2011

Quality analysis of welded and soldered joints of Cu-Nb microcomposite wires has been performed. Quality and mechanical characteristics of joints as ultimate tensile stress limit and elongation at break were measured with an universal testing machine and controlled visually using an optical microscope. Two wires joints were soldered with silver and copper solders and put into steel and copper sleeve respectively. Another two wires joints were soldered with silver solder and welded without any reinforcement. Joints soldered with the silver solder and steel sleeve have demonstrated the best mechanical characteristics: ultimate tensile stress limit of 650 MPa and elongation at break of 0.85 %. Joints soldered with the copper sleeve have no advantages comparing with the soldered butt joint. Ultimate tensile stress limit and elongation at break were in 300 MPa - 350 MPa and in 0.35 % - 0.45 % ranges respectively. Two welded joints had ultimate tensile stress limit of 470 MPa and elongation at break of 0.71 %. In all joints the microstructure of Nb filaments was destroyed and mechanical properties have been specified by mechanical strength of copper and sleeve materials only.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.1.242
EQCM Study of Influence of Anion Nature on Electrochemical Reduction of Bismuth Sulfide in Nickel Plating Solution
Authors: TAMAŠAUSKAITĖ-TAMAŠIŪNAITĖ Loreta , NARUŠKEVIČIUS Leonas , ŽIELIENĖ Albina , ŠIMKŪNAITĖ-STANYNIENĖ Birutė , VALIULIENĖ Genovaitė , SUDAVIČIUS Aloyzas
Published: December 2011

The influence of anion nature on the reduction of bismuth sulfide film deposited on gold using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method in solutions containing Ni2+ ions has been investigated by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance combined with cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been determined that the reduction of bismuth sulfide film in the nickel plating solution depends on the anion nature: larger cathodic current and mass changes (Dƒ) are observed in the solution containing acetate anion as compared to those in the solution containing sulfate anion. As the reduction of bismuth sulfide film in the background solutions depends on the nature of anion, it influences the cathodic reduction of Ni2+ ions prior to OPD of Ni. A greater current and mass change (Dƒ) is conditioned by simultaneously occurring reduction of bismuth sulfide film when the film is reduced in the acetate nickel plating electrolyte in contrast to that in the sulfate one.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.1.244
Influence of Mullite Wool Waste on the Properties of Ceramics
Authors: MALAIŠKIENĖ Jurgita
Published: December 2011

In the paper, the influence of mullite wool waste additive on the properties of building ceramics is analysed. For that purpose four formation masses were prepared, dried and fired at the analogous regimes (maximum firing temperature 1080 °C). The fired samples were used to determine the structural and physical-mechanical properties. The values of these parameters are analysed: water absorption, total and effective porosity, rate of capillary mass flow, reserve of porous volume, compressive strength, density and estimated exploitation frost resistance. It has been determined that mullite wool waste can be applied to the production of building ceramics and the optimum quantity of waste in a formation mass is 10 % according to weight. Water absorption of those ceramic samples was less than 4 %, compressive strength was 28.6 MPa, density - 2033 kg/m3, forecasted resistance to frost about 400 cycles.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.1.255
Multispectral Analysis of Color Vision Deficiency Tests
Authors: FOMINS Sergejs , OZOLINSH Maris
Published: December 2011

Color deficiency tests are usually produced by means of polygraphy technologies and help to diagnose the type and severity of the color deficiencies. Due to different factors, as lighting conditions or age of the test, standard characteristics of these tests fail, thus not allowing diagnosing unambiguously the degree of different color deficiency. Multispectral camera was used to acquire the spectral images of the Ishihara and Rabkin pseudoisochromatic plates in the visible spectrum. Spectral data was converted to cone signals, and successive mathematics applied to provide a simple simulation of the test performance. Colorimetric data of the each pixel of the test image can be calculated and distribution of color coordinates is presented.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.1.259
Surface Recombination Investigation in Thin 4H-SiC Layers
Authors: GULBINAS Karolis , GRIVICKAS Vytautas , MAHABADI Haniyeh P. , USMAN Muhammad , HALLÉN Anders
Published: December 2011

n- and p-type 4H-SiC epilayers were grown on heavily doped SiC substrates. The thickness of the p-type layer was 7 µm and the doping level around 1017 cm 3, while the n-type epilayers were 15 µm thick and had a doping concentration of 3 - 5*1015 cm 3. Several different surface treatments were then applied on the epilayers for surface passivation: SiO2 growth, Al2O3 deposited by atomic layer deposition, and Ar-ion implantation. Using collinear pump - probe technique the effective carrier lifetimes were measured from various places and statistical lifetime distributions were obtained. For surface recombination evaluation, two models are presented. One states that surface recombination velocity (SRV) is equal on both the passivation/epi layer interface (S2) and the deeper interface between the epilayer and the SiC substrate i. e. (S1 = S2). The other model is simulated assuming that SRV in the epilayer/substrate (S1) interface is constant while in the passivation layer/epilayer (S2) interface SRV can be varied S2 < S1. Empirical nomograms are presented with various parameters sets to evaluate S2 values. We found that on the investigated 4H-SiC surfaces S2 ranges from 3x104 to 5x104 assuming that the bulk lifetime is 4 (µs. In Ar+ implanted surfaces S2 is between (105 - 106) cm/s.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.479
Use of Cellulose-Containing Fillers in Composites with Polypropylene
Authors: LAKA Marianna , CHERNYAVSKAYA Svetlana , SHULGA Galia , SHAPOVALOV Viktor , VALENKOV Andrej , TAVROGINSKAYA Marina
Published: December 2011

The composites, containing recycled polypropylene and fillers, obtained from different lignocellulosics by the thermocatalytic destruction method, were investigated. Birch sawdust, newsprint wastes, cotton residues and wood bleached sulphate pulp were used as raw materials for obtaining fillers. The indices of mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, deformation at break, shear modulus, toughness, twisting moment) of the composites' samples were determined. It has been found that the obtained composites have relatively good mechanical properties. Better results were obtained, using fillers from sawdust and wood pulp. After treating the fillers with rapeseed oil, their water vapour sorption and water retention value (WRV) decreased. In this case, the strength of the composites was higher.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.484
Investigation of Wear Behaviour of Sewn Assemblies of Viscose Linings with Different Treatment
Authors: BAČKAUSKAITĖ Dainora , DAUKANTIENĖ Virginija
Published: December 2011

Different types of chemical treatment of textile are widely applied in advanced textile. Finishing of textile can provide additional functional properties for products or/and to improve the appearance of final product as well as to improve their mechanical properties. In this research the influence of the industrial treatment of viscose linings on the parameters of fabric surface friction, on fabric surface appearance as well as on the slippage resistance of yarns at a seam was investigated. Raw, dyed, dyed and softened, dyed and non-slip finished plain weaved linings were investigated. The slippage resistance of yarns at a seam in woven fabrics was evaluated according to standard EN ISO 13936-1:2004. The friction was investigated according to the standard DIN 53375 in a fabric-fabric friction pair. Surface of raw, dyed, dyed and softened viscose lining was investigated using SEM. The obtained results have shown that the friction parameters as well as the parameters of seam slippage resistance of dyed or dyed and softened fabrics were higher than the ones of raw fabric. The highest differences in those parameters were obtained for lining that was dyed and treated with non-slip finishing. That type of finishing influenced the break of lining yarns without typical to the other investigated linings slipping near a stitching line.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.485
Ifluence of Yarn Texturing Technological Parameters and Fabric Structure on Tensile Properties of the Polipropylene Fabric
Authors: ABROMAVIČIUS Raimundas , LAURECKIENĖ Ginta , MILAŠIUS Rimvydas
Published: December 2011

Tensile properties of the woven fabric are very important properties for upholstered furniture manufacturers. In this study the dependencies of tensile properties of the fabric on yarn air texturing parameters and fabric structure were investigated. It was found, that breaking force and elongation at break depends more on yarn structure, than on air pressure in the texturing jet. The difference of fabric elongation at break does not exceed 2 % and difference of fabric breaking force does not exceed 5 % when yarns of the same structure but produced with different air pressure in the texturing jet were used in weft. In the case when different structure yarn produced with same pressure in the texturing jet were used in weft, there were difference of breaking force and elongation at break up to 25 % stated. There were also investigated tendencies of tensile properties of fabric dependencies on fabric structure itself. It was stated that weave of the fabric influences elongation at break and breaking force of the fabric.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.488
Oriented Assembly of Gold Nanorods on the Single‐Particle Level
Authors: Kuemin Cyrill , Nowack Lea , Bozano Luisa , Spencer Nicholas D. , Wolf Heiko
Published: December 2011

Non‐spherical colloidal nanoparticles have great potential for applications owing to their enhanced directional properties. However, the lack of methods to precisely assemble them on surfaces has hindered exploitation of their properties for planar devices. Here, the oriented assembly of short gold nanorods with lengths below 100 nm from colloidal suspensions is demonstrated. A locally induced phase transition confines the colloidal nanorods at a receding three‐phase contact line that is controllably moved over a nanostructured surface in a capillary assembly process. Dedicated topographical trapping sites allow for aligned assembly of the nanorods on the single‐particle level. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by assembling nanorods into long‐range‐ordered, non‐close packed arrays that could serve as anti‐counterfeit labels by virtue of their distinct optical appearance in the far‐field. Furthermore, oriented nanorod dimers that are deterministically assembled have the potential to function as nano‐plasmonic antenna devices.
Synthesis of 9‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐9H‐carbazole: Comparison of an impedance study of poly[9‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐9H‐carbazole] on gold and carbon fiber microelectrodes
Authors: Ates Murat , Uludag Nesimi
Published: December 2011

In this study, 9‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐9H‐carbazole (NPhSCz) monomer was chemically synthesized. The monomer characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, and melting point analysis. Two different electropolymerizations of NPhSCz were studied on a gold microelectrode (Au electrode) and carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) in a 0.1M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/acetonitrile solution. The electropolymerization experiments were done from 1 to 4 mM. The characterizations of two different modified electrodes of poly[9‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐9H‐carbazole] [poly(NPhSCz)] were performed by various techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of the initial monomer concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 mM) were examined by EIS. The capacitive behaviors of the modified electrodes were defined via Nyquist, Bode magnitude, Bode phase, and admittance plots. The variation of the low‐frequency capacitance (CLF) and double‐layer capacitance (Cdl) values are presented at different initial monomer concentrations. Poly(NPhSCz)/CFME was more capacitive (CLF = 6.66 F/cm2 and Cdl ≈ 28 mF) than the Au electrode (CLF = 6.53 F/cm2 and Cdl ≈ 20 mF). An equivalent circuit model of R[QR(CR)(RW)](CR), (R: Current, Q: Constant phase element, C: Double layer capacitance, W: Warburg impedance), was used to fit the theoretical and experimental data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and Characterization of New Fluorescent Styrene‐Containing Carborane Derivatives: The Singular Quenching Role of a Phenyl Substituent
Authors: Ferrer‐Ugalde Albert , Juárez‐Pérez Emilio José , Teixidor Francesc , Viñas Clara , Sillanpää Reijo , Pérez‐Inestrosa Ezequiel , Núñez Rosario
Published: December 2011

A set of neutral and anionic carborane derivatives in which the styrenyl fragment is introduced as a fluorophore group has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The reaction of the monolithium salts of 1‐Ph‐1,2‐C2B10H11, 1‐Me‐1,2‐C2B10H11 and 1,2‐C2B10H12 with one equivalent of 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride leads to the formation of compounds 1–3, whereas the reaction of the dilithium salt of 1,2‐C2B10H12 with two equivalents of 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride gives disubstituted compound 4. The closo clusters were degraded using the classical method, KOH in EtOH, to afford the corresponding nido species, which were isolated as tetramethylammonium salts. The crystal structure of the four closo compounds 1–4 were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. All compounds, except 1, display emission properties, with quantum yields dependent on the nature of the cluster (closo or nido) and the substituent on the second Ccluster atom. In general, closo compounds 2–4 exhibit high fluorescence emission, whereas the presence of a nido cluster produces a decrease of the emission intensity. The presence of a phenyl group bonded to the Ccluster results in an excellent electron‐acceptor unit that produces a quenching of the fluorescence. DFT calculations have confirmed the charge‐separation state in 1 to explain the quenching of the fluorescence and the key role of the carboranyl fragment in this luminescent process.
The presence of iodinated contrast agents amplifies DNA radiation damage in computed tomography
Authors: Pathe Caroline , Eble Katharina , Schmitz‐Beuting Daniel , Keil Boris , Kaestner Bjoern , Voelker Maximilian , Kleb Beate , Klose Klaus J. , Heverhagen Johannes T.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of iodinated contrast agents on the formation of DNA double‐strand breaks in vitro in lymphocytes and to verify these results in patients undergoing diagnostic computed tomography examinations. Blood samples were irradiated in vitro in the presence of iodinated X‐ray contrast agent. Controls were irradiated without contrast agent. Fourteen patients were investigated using contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT), and 14 other patients with unenhanced CT. Blood samples were taken prior to and 5 min and 1, 2 and 24 h after the CT examination. In these blood samples the average number of γH2Ax‐foci per lymphocyte was enumerated by fluorescence microscopy. Statistical differences between foci numbers developed in the presence and absence of contrast agent were tested using an independent sample t‐test. In vitro foci numbers after irradiation were significantly higher when contrast agent was present during irradiation. In vivo, γH2Ax‐foci levels were 58% higher in patients undergoing contrast‐enhanced CT compared with those undergoing unenhanced CT. In the presence of iodinated contrast agents DNA, damage is increased and the radiation dose is not the only factor affecting the amount of DNA damage. Individual patient characteristics and biological dosimetry applications, e.g. the analysis of γH2Ax‐foci, have to be considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Labeling of multiple cell lines using a new iron oxide agent for cell tracking by MRI
Authors: McFadden C. , Mallett C. L. , Foster P. J.
Published: December 2011

Stem cells, cancer cells and immune cells were labeled by co‐incubation with a new ultra‐small iron oxide nanoparticle called Molday ION Rhodamine‐B (MIRB). Iron staining, fluorescence imaging, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to assess cell viability, function and labeling efficiency. This study has shown that MIRB can be used to label both adherent and nonadherent cell lines, with high viability and loading levels sufficient for their detection in vivo by MRI at 3 T. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Aza Analogues of Isoaltholactone and Goniothalesdiol – New Applications of the Heck–Matsuda Reaction (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 36/2011)
Authors: Moro Angélica Venturini , Rodrigues dos Santos Marcelo , Correia Carlos Roque D.
Published: December 2011

The cover picture shows the Heck–Matsuda reaction as the key step in the total synthesis of the aza analogue of the natural product isoaltholactone, which was isolated from several species of Goniothalamus. The stereoselective synthesis of this aza analogue was accomplished by Heck–Matsuda arylation between a chiral endocyclic enecarbamate and benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate. This transformation not only forged the key carbon–carbon bond between the aryl group and the pyrrolidine moiety, but also placed the olefin functional group at the appropriate position for the construction of aza‐isoaltholactone. Moreover, the synthesis of a new nitrogen analogue of the natural compound goniothalesdiol was also accomplished by using an intermediate produced in the synthesis of aza‐altholactone, making the overall process more divergent. Details are discussed in the article by C. R. D. Correia et. al. on p. 7259 ff.

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ON THE CARDINAL MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH INEQUALITY WHEN ONLY ORDINAL INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ON INDIVIDUAL HEALTH STATUS
Authors: Lazar Adi , Silber Jacques
Published: December 2011

This paper suggests new indices of health inequality which may be used when only ordinal information is available on individual health status. We borrow ideas from the literature on the measurement of occupational or residential segregation and show that indices of ordinal segregation which have been recently proposed may be also applied to the measurement of health inequality. We also prove that these indices satisfy four axioms introduced to measure inequality with ordered response health data so that the new indices presented in this paper are consistent with the inequality ordering proposed by Allison and Foster. We also suggest an extension of the family of indices proposed by Abul Naga and Yalcin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
JD‐C Model to Explain Burnout in Frontline Workers: The Useful Contribution of Emotional Demands
Authors: Castanheira Filipa , Chambel Maria José
Published: December 2011

Using the Job Demands‐Control (JD‐C) model as the theoretical framework, this study investigated the relationships among burnout, job demands, and autonomy. With a sample of 802 employees from a Portuguese bank, we demonstrated the importance of taking into account emotional job demands when studying the burnout of service providers. Thereby, the unique explanatory power of each emotional demand on burnout was tested with regression analysis, after controlling for the original demands and autonomy variables from the JD‐C model along with demographic variables. The results confirmed the relevance of the study model in explaining burnout and indicated that emotional dissonance was associated with employee burnout, beyond quantitative demands and autonomy. As expected, hierarchical regression analysis provided evidence for the main effects of quantitative demands, emotional dissonance, and autonomy on burnout. These findings have several implications for designing jobs involving interactions with clients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poly(amidoamine)‐based Dendrimer/siRNA Complexation Studied by Computer Simulations: Effects of pH and Generation on Dendrimer Structure and siRNA Binding
Authors: Karatasos Kostas , Posocco Paola , Laurini Erik , Pricl Sabrina
Published: December 2011

In this work we report, compare and discuss the results obtained from fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of generations 4, 5, and 6 of PAMAM‐based dendrimers having NH3 and triethanolamine as cores, forming complexes with a short interfering RNA (siRNA) at different pH values and at physiological ionic strength. By employing a detailed analysis we demonstrate how features such as molecular size, structural details, and protonation level of this category of dendrimers affect the dendrimer/siRNA complexation. Properties like the conformational flexibility of the dendrimer, the effective charge distribution of the assembly, and the level of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the two molecular entities are all found to play a significant role in the mutual interactions between the nucleic acid and the hyperbranched molecules. All these features are of key importance in the multifaceted mechanism of dendrimer/gene complexation, and their understanding can provide valuable insight toward the design of more efficient nucleic acid nanocarriers.

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Results from a strategic planning process: Benefits for a nonprofit organization
Authors: McHatton Patricia Alvarez , Bradshaw Wendy , Gallagher Peggy A. , Reeves Rebecca
Published: December 2011

A nonprofit professional organization in education undertook a strategic planning process to address challenges, refine its mission and principles statement, and obtain feedback from the members in order to better meet their needs and move the organization forward in a cohesive and purposeful manner. Three key planning tools were used to collect data informing development of the new strategic plan. This article describes the design and implementation of these tools and reports key findings for each. We explain how we used the findings to inform revision of the mission statement and development of the strategic plan and discuss benefits of the process and implications for the future.
Uncommon Dorsal Radiocarpal Fracture Dislocation Complicated with Median Nerve Palsy: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and a New Classification System Guiding the Management
Authors: Hing-Cheong Wong , Hin-Keung Wong , Kam-Yiu Wong
Published: December 2011

We report the case of a 36-year-old lorry driver who sustained left dorsal radiocarpal fracture dislocation and left median nerve injury in a traffic accident in 2010. Emergency operation of closed reduction, cross-wrist-bridging external fixation, percutaneous transradial styloid Kirschner wire fixation, decompression of left median nerve, and repair of the partially torn palmar radiocarpal ligament were performed under general anaesthesia. Because of the persistent depressed dorsal articular rim fracture of left distal radius, another operation of open reduction, corticocancellous bone grafting, and dorsal buttress plating was performed 5 days after the initial operation. Six months after the operation, the patient enjoyed good range of wrist motion but weak twisting power, especially in supination. There was no radiological feature of radiocarpal subluxation.
Surface instability of an encapsulated bubble induced by an ultrasonic pressure wave
Authors: Liu Yunqiao , Sugiyama Kazuyasu , Takagi Shu , Matsumoto Yoichiro
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we investigate the shape stability of a nearly spherical bubble encapsulated by a viscoelastic membrane in an ultrasound field. To describe the dynamic balance on the bubble surface, the in-plane stress and the bending moment are incorporated into the governing equations for the perturbed radial flow of viscous incompressible fluid (Prosperetti, Q. Appl. Math., vol. 34, 1977, p. 339). The radial motion of the bubble is obtained by solving the Rayleigh–Plesset equation with elastic stress. The deflection therefrom is linearized and expanded with respect to the Legendre polynomial of order $k\geq 2$. Two amplitudes for each shape mode are introduced because the membrane moves not only in the radial direction but also in the tangential direction. The system with a boundary layer approximation is reduced to Mathieu’s equation. A simple expression for the natural frequency of the shape mode is derived, which is validated by direct numerical simulation. Stability diagrams for the higher-order shape mode are mapped out in the phase space of driving amplitude and frequency over a range of values of the elastic modulus of the membrane. The most unstable driving frequency is found to satisfy an integer multiple relationship of the form $2{\omega }_{k} / {\omega }_{d} = n$, due to the structure of Mathieu’s equation in the system. In addition to the resonance interaction, liquid viscosity plays an important role in the stability of the encapsulated bubble.
Assessing hurricane season
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: December 2011

With the official conclusion of the Atlantic hurricane season on 29 November, Irene was the only hurricane to strike the United States this year and the first one since Hurricane Ike made landfall in Texas in 2008, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Irene “broke the ‘hurricane amnesia’ that can develop when so much time lapses between landfalling storms,” indicated Jack Hayes, director of NOAA's National Weather Service. “This season is a reminder that storms can hit any part of our coast and that all regions need to be prepared each and every season.” During the season, there were 19 tropical storms, including 7 that became hurricanes; 3 of those were major hurricanes, of category 3 or above. The activity level was in line with NOAA predictions. The agency stated that Hurricane Irene was an example of improved accuracy in forecasting storm tracks: NOAA National Hurricane Center had accurately predicted the hurricane's landfall in North Carolina and its path northward more than 4 days in advance.
Observing terrestrial gamma ray flashes
Authors: Connaughton Valerie , Briggs Michael S.
Published: December 2011

Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash Workshop; Huntsville, Alabama, 13–14 July 2011 Terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) were the focus of a workshop held at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), with observation and theory well represented by the 38 attendees. Discovered in 1991 as brief (submillisecond), bright flashes of gamma rays detected over regions of thunderstorm activity by the spaceborne Burst And Transient Source Experiment, TGFs may be entering an observational golden era. Three space‐based gamma ray telescopes currently make TGFs a scientific priority.