bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the Extrusion Texture of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Using Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method
Authors: Shao Yi Chuan , Tang Tao , Li Da Yong , Peng Ying Hong
Published: April 2015

By using Eulerian adaptive modeling approach, both the round extrusion and sheet extrusion of magnesium alloy AZ31 were simulated. Furthermore, the history strains of material point flowing through the Eulerian domain was extracted and used as the foundation for defining the boundary conditions in the crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) modeling for the extrusion texture. By virtue of this modeling method, the realistic grain boundaries can be approximated by using a 3D polycrystal generator and the intra-granular interactions can be well described. Both of the simulated round extrusion and sheet extrusion textures of alloy AZ31 show reasonable agreement with experimental results.
High Temperature High Strain-Rate Tensile and Compressive Deformation Behaviors of Cu-Zn-Sn-Al Alloy
Authors: Wang Qiang Song , Liu Dong Mei , Xie Guo Liang , Xie Wei Bin , Li Yang , Gao Xue Cheng
Published: April 2015

The present work gives a systematic study on the high temperature and high strain-rate deformation behaviors of a two-phase α/β Cu-Zn-Sn-Al alloy, by combining the split Hopkinson bar experiments and microstructural investigations. The results show that under high strain-rate, both the dislocation slip and deformation twins within the α phase contribute to the plastic strengthening of Cu-Zn-An-Al alloy, resulting in the strain-rate-hardening effect. As the deformation temperature increases, the shapes of the stress-strain curves are mainly influenced by the temperature-softening effect and the dynamic recrystallization of the α phase. Finally, material constants regarding the strain-rate-hardening and temperature-softening effects are determined, based on the Johnson-Cook constitutive model. The results show that compared with other metallic materials, the present Cu-Zn-Sn-Al alloy has a relatively stronger strain-rate-hardening effect and weaker temperature-softening effect.
Structural and Crystallization Characteristics of Cu-Based Metallic Glass Powders Produced by Gas Atomization
Authors: Lu Xiao Yang , Du Yu Lei , Cui Chong , Cai Jian Ning , Du Shi Zhong
Published: April 2015

In this work, Cu50Zr43Al7metallic glass powders were produced by gas atomization method. The structure and crystallization characteristics of the as-prepared powders with different particle size distributions were studied in detail. The amorphous state of the alloy powders was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), in which amorphous phase formed. The scanning election microscopy (SEM) result showed that the selected metallic glass powder performed excellent owned good spherical morphology, which was also observed on an optical microscope (OM). At the same time, the particle size distributions ranging from 20 μm to 200 μm of as-prepared metallic glass powders were determined by laser diffraction. Moreover, the crystallization behavior of the Cu50Zr43Al7metallic glass powders was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Effect of Cold Rolling and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pt-0.7Ti Microalloy
Authors: Zhao Qiong , Zhang Xiao Ge , Fan Ye , Qin Guo Yi , Xu Si Yong , Gu Jin Xin
Published: April 2015

The effects of cold rolling, solid solution, aging and annealing treatment on Pt-0.7Ti microalloy were investigated in this study. The microstructures of Pt-0.7Ti microalloy and the precipitated ordered phase Pt8Ti were observed and analyzed by OM, TEM, XRD. The mechanical properties of the alloy were evaluated Vicker micro-hardness. The results showed that micro amount of Ti was an effective element for solid-solution strengthening of Pt, the micro-hardness of 97% deformation for ST and ST+AG samples increased to 214HVand 224HV, respectively, which almost are double that of pure Pt. Micro-amount of long range ordered phase Pt8Ti was precipitated during the heat treatment, but the effect of order hardening in Pt-0.7Ti microalloy was not obvious. The microhardness by large rolling deformation for quenched samples almost unchanged after an annealing below 500°C for 1h, but decreased significantly at 700°C, and the recrystallization temperature was risen by 200°C than that of pure Pt.
Investigation of the Wear Behavior of High Strength and High Conductivity Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy under Dry Sliding
Authors: Gao Yuan , Jie Jin Chuan , Zhang Peng Chao , Zhang Jian , Wang Tong Min , Li Ting Ju
Published: April 2015

The dry sliding wear behavior of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy prepared by electromagnetic horizontal continuous casting was investigated. The wear behavior of the studied alloy was discussed in terms of friction coefficient, mass loss/sliding, specific wear rate and wear mechanism. The results indicate that with the increasing normal load and sliding velocity, the friction coefficient of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy decreased monotonically, the mass loss/sliding and specific wear rate increased. By wear surface morphology and composition analysis, the wear mechanisms were discussed preliminary. Oxidation and abrasion mechanisms dominated at the lower sliding velocities and loads. Increasing loads and velocities led to a combination of oxidation and adhesion. Plastic deformation was dominant for the higher applied load and sliding velocities.
Stability and Electronic Structures of Mg2Pb (100), (110) and (111) Surfaces
Authors: Duan Yong Hua , Sun Yong , Peng Ming Jun
Published: April 2015

The stability and electronic properties of Mg2Pb (100), (110) and (111) surfaces were investigated by using the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) method. The calculated results showed that the orders of relaxation and surface energy are |∆d15(111)| < |∆d15(110)| < |∆d15(100)| andEsurf(100) >Esurf(110) >Esurf(111), respectively, indicating that Mg2Pb (111) surface is the most stable among these three low index surfaces. The Density of states (DOS) of Mg2Pb surfaces are mainly dominated by Pb-6, Mg-3s, and 2porbitals in the band ranging from-5 eV to Fermi level. It can be further obtained from results of the DOS and the charge density difference that Mg2Pb (111) surface is more stable than Mg2Pb (100) and (110) surfaces. The Mg2Pb (111) surface is the thermodynamically most favorable over all of the range of.
Oxidation-Induced Cu Coating on Steel Surface
Authors: Li Na , Wang Ning , Sha Ming Hong , Sha Wei , Zhang Jun Wei
Published: April 2015

Copper is accumulated in recycled steels and is difficult to be removed during steelmaking processes when steel scrap is used as steel sources. Meanwhile, copper characteristics are of importance both to human beings and to animals and plants. In this paper, integrated copper coating was observed on the surface of copper-containing steels when the steels were heated at around 1150°C. However, the copper was separately scattered in and under the surface rust after heating at 1000°C. The forming mechanisms of copper coating are discussed in detail. By choosing a proper descaling reagent, self-generated oxidation-induced copper coating appeared on the steel surface. The method proposed in this work is environmentally friendly for nontoxic chemicals being used. In addition, this provides a new concept for producing protective composite by oxidizing from the substrate directly and there is no bonding problem.
Simulation of the Effect of Sintering and Interface on the Failure Mechanism of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhu Jian Guo , Chai Gui Lan
Published: April 2015

Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) are mainly composed of four layers: top coat (TC), thermal barrier oxidation (TGO), bond coat (BC) and substrate (SUB). The finite element model is used to investigate the failure mechanism of TBC. The influences of sintering of TC and the properties of TGO/BC interface on the stress S22 were considered. The numerical results show that sintering of TC can change the tendency of the stress S22 within TC from peak to valley along the TC/TGO interface; When considering the cohesive behavior of TGO/BC interface, the TGO/BC interface may begin to crack in the heating stage, then in the swelling stage the interface crack in the TGO/BC interface may close, and in the cooling stage the interface will crack again along the TGO/BC interface. When considering TGO/BC interface and sintering of TC simultaneously, sintering of TC has great influence on the stress S22 of BC near the peak and valley of TGO/BC interface.
Evaluation of the Surface Tension of Silicon-Gold Binary Liquid Alloy
Authors: Wang Yan Ming , Cai Wei
Published: April 2015

The gold-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method is widely used for silicon nanowire (Si NW) fabrication. As the VLS process is influenced by the physical properties of the catalytic silicon-gold (Si-Au) droplet, quantifying the surface tension of the liquid alloy is important to achieve better control of the wire growth. Because the experimental measurement of the surface tension is difficult, it is necessary to obtain reasonable estimates from computational models. In this work, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations with a modified embedded-atom potential developed for the Si-Au binary system, and evaluated the surface tension γ based on the Virial stress expression. The dependence of surface tension γ on the Si fraction χ and temperature T is predicted. The entropy of the liquid-vapor interface was extracted from the slope of the γ-T curve. The Si concentration and stress distributions near the surface are also predicted. Our surface tension evaluation enables theoretical predictions of droplet and nanowire shape, and provides physical inputs for continuum phase field models of VLS growth.
Study of Magnetic Properties for Fe Nanoring with Different Degree of Eccentricity
Authors: Ye Qing Ying , Chen Shui Yuan , Lin Zhi Ming , Xiong Hong Ying , Yang Xiu Wan , Li Ling Fang , Gao Ling , Huang Zhi Gao
Published: April 2015

In this paper, Fe nanoring model of different degree of eccentricity has been made. Based on the FFTM method and MC simulation method, the magnetic properties of the Fe nanoring, such as hysteresis loops, spin configuration, have been studied. The simulated results indicate that there are typical hysteresis loops and spin-configurations, such as onion-type state and vortex-type state in the system of symmetric Fe nanoring. The hysteresis loops of the eccentric Fe nanoring are similar to symmetric system when the degree of eccentricity is small, but as the degree of eccentricity increased, the magnetization behavior become different. Remanence is almost linearly related to the degree of eccentricity in the system of eccentric Fe nanoring, which can be explained by analyzing the change of spin-configurations in the eccentric Fe nanoring.
Characterization of Crack Initiation Life in Ferromagnetic Material by Metal Magnetic Memory Testing
Authors: Shi Chang Liang , Tang Wei Xue , Zhan Hao , Dong Shi Yun
Published: April 2015

In the geomagnetic field, stress can induce spontaneous magnetic signals in ferromagnetic materials, the method, named metal magnetic memory testing, can be potentially applied in estimating the fatigue life. In this paper, the normal component of magnetic field, Hp (y), was measured during dynamic tension test on the surfaces of ferromagnetic specimens with stress concentration factor of 5. The results indicated that the gradient of magnetic field intensity, K, was the key parameter to characterize crack initiation life. Then the numerical fitting of K and fatigue cycles were done under three level loads, 568.7MPa, 698.8MPa and 864.4MPa, meanwhile, a simple model was derived.
Effect of Fe Content on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of the Heat-Treated Squeeze Cast Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn Alloy
Authors: Lin Bo , Lou Zhao Hui , Fan Jian Lei , Zheng Cheng Kun , Zhang Wei Wen
Published: April 2015

The microstructures and mechanical properties of T5 heat-treated Al - 5.0 wt % Cu - 0.6 wt % Mn alloys with different Fe content prepared by squeeze casting were studied by tensile test, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results showed that the dominate Fe-rich intermetallics are α (CuFe) with a few Al3(FeMn),Al6(FeMn), and α-Fe in the alloys depending on different Fe content. With the increasing Fe content continually, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the alloys decreased gradually. This is attributed to the increasing amount of Fe-rich intermetallics, the decrease of precipitation particles in α (Al) matrix and the increase of α (Al) dendrite size. The elongation level of 13.7% was still obtained in the squeeze cast alloy even when the Fe content was as high as 1.5%.
Vacuum Arc Remelting Process of High-Alloy Bearing Steel and Multi-Scale Control of Solidification Structure
Authors: Huang Yuan Sheng , Yang Mao Sheng , Li Jing She , Bai Li Guo
Published: April 2015

Utilizing Pro-cast software, the whole vacuum arc remelting process of high-alloy bearing steel ingot (the diameter was 160 mm and the high was 600 mm) was simulated. And moving face quality and moving boundary conditions were added to the simulation. Purposes of the simulation were to explore the influence of smelting powers on the temperature field, pool shape and solidification microstructure in vacuum arc remelting process. The depth of molten bath gradually increased and stabilized finally and the pool shape transferred from flat to funnel. When smelting power increased, the depth of molten pool became deeper and the width of mushy zone slightly reduced; the size of primary dendrite and secondary dendrite spacing increased significantly; the percentage and size of columnar crystals also increased. A reasonable power-time cure was given to guide industrial melting after simulation, the size of molten pool morphology and microstructure were controlled in an ideal range under the reasonable cure. The simulated grain morphology agreed well with the experimental pickling result.
Microstructure of Al-17wt.%Si Alloy after Overheating and CuP Master Alloy Modification
Authors: Piątkowski Jarosław , Kamiński Piotr
Published: April 2015

In the dissertation the influence of overheating of around 250°C above Tliq and modification with phosphorus (CuP10 master alloy) on the microstructure of AlSi17Cu5 cast alloy has been shown. Substantial overheating above Tliq temperature of the alloy, causes complete dissolving of the β (Si) phase. In the liquid alloy, multiple areas are being created of different dissolved silicon content, where, as in the result of the overheating, the homogeneous nucleuses are being partially created. After modification with phosphorus, in liquid alloy, additional heterogenic nucleuses (AlP) of primary silicon crystals are being created. In the close neighborhood of these micro-areas, places depleted of silicon appears, where pre-eutectic α (Al, Me) dendrites crystallize.
Microstructure and Properties of a New Generation of TiAl Based Alloys
Authors: Szkliniarz Agnieszka , Szkliniarz Wojciech
Published: April 2015

The paper characterized the phase composition, microstructure and selected mechanical properties at room temperature and at temperature corresponding to the expected operating conditions of a new generation of TiAl based alloys melted in a vacuum induction furnace in a special graphite crucibles.
The Effect of Metal Forming Direction on the Tribological Properties of MMCp Composites
Authors: Myalski Jerzy , Płachta Adam , Wieczorek Jakub
Published: April 2015

This article presents the results of the research on tribological composites with AlCu2SiMn matrix that underwent the process of extrusion. The research was conducted on the composites that underwent extrusion, which was carried out with a pneumatic press with a heated matrix of 14mm and 20mm diameter. The research was carried out under technical dry friction conditions in reciprocating motion. The results allowed to describe the influence of the plastic work direction on the tribological properties of the composites reinforced with silicone carbide and glassy carbon. The process of wearing was conducted in two directions: the perpendicular and parallel to the axis of the extruded composite rod. In the examined composites the tribological wear in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the extrusion was greater than wear in the parallel direction. The difference between the values for the parallel and perpendicular directions to the rod decreases with the increase of the degree of plastic work.
The Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Hardness of Mg-5Si-7Sn-5Mn Alloy
Authors: Rzychoń Tomasz , Chmiela Bartosz , Mościcki Adrian , Dybowski Bartłomiej , Jendrysko Sylwia
Published: April 2015

The microstructure and hardness of as-cast Mg-5Si-7Sn-5Mn alloy after solution and ageing treatments is presented in this paper. It was found that the microstructure of as-cast alloy. is composed of primary dendrites crystals of Mg2Si phase, α-Mg matrix, long needle-like precipitates of Mn5Si3, Chinese script particles of Mg2Si phase and irregular Mg2Sn phase. The solution treatment at 500°C causes the dissolution of the Mg2Sn phase in the α-Mg magnesium solid solution, whereas the remaining intermetallic compounds are stable in this temperature. The hardness of alloy increases from 73 HV2 to 96 HV2 at 250°C. The increase in hardness is a result of the formation of the lath-like precipitates of Mg2Sn phase within the α-Mg matrix.
Comparison of the entrepreneurial intent of master’s business students in developing countries: South Africa and Poland
Authors: Nieuwenhuizen Cecile , Swanepoel Elana
Published: April 2015

Problem investigated: The objective of this study was to assess the differences in the levels of entrepreneurial intent and its antecedents of the master’s business students who had no exposure to entrepreneurial education from two culturally different countries, South Africa and Poland. A validated entrepreneurial intent instrument was administered to final-year master’s business management students from a university in South Africa and a university in Poland.Methodology: A cross-sectional survey design with two samples, one from each country, was used. A previously validated questionnaire developed from Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour model was administered. The results were factor analysed and new scales extracted. These refined scales were used to assess the differences between the two countries. A total of 182 questionnaires were collected from the two universities, University of Johannesburg in South Africa and Krakow Business School in Poland.Findings/implications: From the t-tests statistically significant differences between the two groups were found on 10 of the newly defined scales. Except on one scale, the South African students scored higher than the Polish students.Originality/value of research: This is the first study comparing differences between master’s business management students from two culturally diverse countries, South Africa and Poland, in terms of entrepreneurial intent and its antecedents.Conclusion: Possible reasons for the differences were offered as gleaned from other research, but further research is required to identify the determining factors for the differences.
The Relationship between Thyroid Function and Depressive Symptoms—the FIN-D2D Population-Based Study
Authors: Saltevo Juha , Kautiainen Hannu , Mäntyselkä Pekka , Jula Antti , Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Korpi-Hyövälti Eeva , Oksa Heikki , saaristo Timo , Vanhala Mauno
Published: April 2015

The association between thyroid function and depression is controversial. Both conditions express many similar symptoms, but the studies done give conflicting results. This study draws on a random, population-based sample of 4500 subjects aged 45–75 years old from Finland. The basic clinical study was done in 2007 for 1396 men and 1500 women (64% participation rate). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (F-T4), and free triiodothyronine (F-T3) were measured in 2013 from frozen samples. The 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) was applied to assess depressive symptoms (score ≥10 points). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.5% in women and 12.5% in men. In women, the mean levels of TSH, F-T4, and F-T3 without depressive symptoms vs. with the presence of depressive symptoms were 1.92/1.97 mU/L, 13.1/13.1 pmol/L, and 3.91/3.87 pmol/L (NS), respectively. In men, the levels were 1.87/1.94 mU/L, 13.5/13.7 pmol/L, and 4.18/4.12 pmol/L (NS), respectively. In multiple regression analysis, TSH had no relationship to BDI-21 total score. We found no association between depressive symptoms and thyroid values.
Analysis of the enhanced negative correlation between electron density and electron temperature related to earthquakes
Authors: Shen X. H. , Zhang X. , Liu J. , Zhao S. F. , Yuan G. P.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Ionospheric perturbations in plasma parameters have been observed before large earthquakes, but the correlation between different parameters has been less studied in previous research. The present study is focused on the relationship between electron density (Ne) and temperature (Te) observed by the DEMETER (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite during local nighttime, in which a positive correlation has been revealed near the equator and a weak correlation at mid- and low latitudes over both hemispheres. Based on this normal background analysis, the negative correlation with the lowest percent in all Ne and Te points is studied before and after large earthquakes at mid- and low latitudes. The multiparameter observations exhibited typical synchronous disturbances before the Chile M8.8 earthquake in 2010 and the Pu'er M6.4 in 2007, and Te varied inversely with Ne over the epicentral areas. Moreover, statistical analysis has been done by selecting the orbits at a distance of 1000 km and ±7 days before and after the global earthquakes. Enhanced negative correlation coefficients lower than −0.5 between Ne and Te are found in 42% of points to be connected with earthquakes. The correlation median values at different seismic levels show a clear decrease with earthquakes larger than 7. Finally, the electric-field-coupling model is discussed; furthermore, a digital simulation has been carried out by SAMI2 (Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere), which illustrates that the external electric field in the ionosphere can strengthen the negative correlation in Ne and Te at a lower latitude relative to the disturbed source due to the effects of the geomagnetic field. Although seismic activity is not the only source to cause the inverse Ne–Te variations, the present results demonstrate one possibly useful tool in seismo-electromagnetic anomaly differentiation, and a comprehensive analysis with multiple parameters helps to further understand the seismo–ionospheric coupling mechanism. \\keywords{Ionosphere (plasma temperature and density)}
Expression and Activity of Nadph Oxidase 4 (Nox4) is Related to Antiapoptotic Activity of Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Maziukienė Aurelija , Jakštaitė Aldona , Šilkūnienė Giedrė , Kmieliūtė Kristina , Gulbinas Antanas , Dambrauskas Žilvinas
Published: April 2015

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive human malignancies with high mortality rates. Low survival rates are due to late diagnosis at advanced stages of the disease. High invasiveness and chemoresistance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma at least partially could be related to the antiapoptotic activity of intracelular ROS generated by Nox4. There are only few studies about Nox4 expression in pancreatic cancer, yet Nox4 is believed to be relevant antiapoptotic factor in pancreatic cancer cells. In this study we have determined the expression of Nox4 in human pancreatic tissue at both protein and mRNA levels. We compared how Nox4 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer in comparison to human healthy adjacent and healthy donor pancreatic tissue. We have also identified the effect of ROS formation in MiaPaca-2 and Capan-2 cells under treatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitors DPI and apocynin. Our results showed that DPI and apocynin inhibited ROS formation. Moreover, it decreased viability of pancreatic cancer cells and induced apoptosis as well. Result confirms ROS being responsible for antiapoptotic activity of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings point out to NADPH oxidases being a potential terapeutic targets in treatment of cancer.
Radiographer Training in Lithuania: Prospects of the Planning for the Number of Entrants
Authors: Vanckavičienė Aurika , Macijauskienė Jūratė , Basevičius Algidas , Blaževičienė Aurelija
Published: April 2015

Over the last two decades, a number of studies have been conducted on the planning of human resources in various professional qualifications of the healthcare sector in various parts of the world. The studies evaluated the supply and demand (as well as factors affecting them) of human resources in healthcare, yet no studies have been conducted in Lithuania on the planning of the number of radiographers as human resources in the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to estimate the prospective number of students accepted for studies in radiography up to 2030 in order to satisfy the need for these specialists in the labor market. Methods. The prognostication of the number of students accep- ted for studies in radiography is part of a more extensive study “The Prognosis of the Supply and Demand for Radiographers in Lithuania for 2012 – 2030”, where the supply and demand for those specialists were prognosticated according to two scenarios – the mean and the prospective ones [20]. In this study, we evaluated and compared the most likely prognoses of the supply and demand for radiographers according to the prospective scenario, and prognosti- cated the required number of entrants until the year 2030 to satisfy the demand for these specialists in the labor market. Results. The evaluation of the prospective scenario of the supply and demand for radiographers until the year 2030 showed a gap between the supply and demand for these specialists, which is likely to increase from 2016-2017 on. In 2020, the shortage was predicted to be 0.13 position per 10,000 population, and in 2030 – 0.37 position per 10,000 population. To avoid the predicted shortage of these specialists and to meet the need for them in the prospective scenario, the number of students accepted for studies of radiography should be increased by nearly one-fourth, compared to the current numbers. Conclusions. To meet the prognosticated demand for radio- graphy specialists according to the prospective scenario (which is most likely), the yearly number of entrants should be increased by up to 30% during the period of 2013-2026
Abuse of The Law in Medical Cases
Authors: Šilys Arvydas , Justickis Viktoras
Published: April 2015

Abuse of process-this is the “use of the law against the Law” [5]. “The letters of the law is used against its goals and spirit”[5]. Numerous legislation are adopted in order to better ensure the rights of a patient. A variety of authorities supervise it. However, the complexity of the legislative and the great number of regulatory institutions creates a lot of opportunities for abuse of the law. It is , first of all, the opportunity for a party to “play for time”, when the outcome of the case seems to be undesirable for this party it misu- ses the law to postpone the final conclusion of the court. Second, the law is abused to exhaust the opponent, to cause him to spend a great deal of money and time and this way to urge him to refuse persecuting his just aims. Third, the law can be misused to “punish” the opponent for his pursuit of the truth in the case. Most of agencies proceeding the case duplicate the same supervisory body to hear the case, neither one of which is able to take the final conclusion.The case presented in this article the typical traits of the abuse are outlined. They are, first, the obvious groundlessness of the patient‘s complaint. The patient complains of side effects of the drug. He was worned on this side effect, this drug was used only after more save ones probed to be ineffective. medicinal product in respect of which it was notified, and which has been used only where there are other inefficiency. Second, the complaint consistently pass a number of identical checks, all accessing the same conclusions. Third,a myriad of health-care workers were involved into this case distracting them from their main duties.
Ideales igualitarios y planes tradicionales: análisis de parejas primerizas en España
Authors: Abril Paco , Amigot Patricia , Botía-Morillas Carmen , Domínguez-Folgueras Marta , José González María , Jurado-Guerrero Teresa , Lapuerta Irene , Martín-García Teresa , Monferrer Jordi , Seiz Marta
Published: April 2015

Esta investigación analiza los planes de cuidado del primer hijo en parejas, indagando en cómo infl uyen los ideales de maternidad/ paternidad, las actitudes de género y las limitaciones institucionales en el proyecto de cuidado del bebé. El estudio se basa en una muestra de 68 parejas de doble ingreso que esperaban su primer hijo en el año 2011. El análisis revela que gran parte de las parejas aspira a que ambos cónyuges continúen trabajando después del parto. Sin embargo, en el caso de prever difi cultades de conciliación, siguen siendo las mujeres quienes manifi estan una mayor predisposición a adaptar su vida laboral a las necesidades del menor, desarrollando en gran medida “preferencias adaptativas”.
Paying for cost-effective health care: Does it violate both static- and dynamic efficiency?
Authors: Philipson Tomas J
Published: April 2015

Recent research has questioned the rationales of using cost-effectiveness metrics of medical technologies to guide reimbursement. I discuss here the underlying ideas of this research, which argues that reimbursement based on cost effectiveness criteria leads to both static- and dynamic inefficiencies.
A New Paradigm for Health Economics? We Have Three Already!
Authors: Evans Robert G.
Published: April 2015

Figure I depicts a set of inter-sectoral financial flows that represent central features of the organization and financing of health care systems. But It is primarily a set of accounting relationships, a gross anatomical description that provides no “physiology” explaining how the various components interact, or how those interactions might change in response to anatomical changes.  What difference does it make, in terms of patterns of service delivery and cost, of distribution of burdens and benefits among the population, or of population health status, if the mixes of financing and funding flows in Figure 1 are re-arranged?  These questions, sometimes overt, often covert, are everywhere at the heart of debates over health policy.
La filogénesis humana según la teoría mimética de René Girard
Authors: Moreno Fernández Agustín
Published: April 2015

La teoría mimética de René Girard contiene una interpretación acerca del origen de laespecie humana y el proceso de hominización. Su propuesta destaca por el afán de aunar las aportaciones de la etología animal y de la antropología cultural, en torno al mimetismo y su hipótesis del mecanismo del chivo expiatorio. Nuestro objetivo es presentar una síntesis de sus consideraciones acerca de la antropogénesis, presentes a lo largo de su obra.
GALVÁN, Valentín (coord.): El evangelio del diablo. Foucault y la “Historia de la Locura”, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 2013.
Authors: Vázquez García Francisco
Published: April 2015

Reseña del libro de GALVÁN, Valentín (coord.): El evangelio del diablo. Foucault y la “Historia de la Locura”, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 2013.
Teoría queer en el contexto español. Reflexiones desde el feminismo
Authors: Posada Kubissa María Luisa
Published: April 2015

La teoría queer, desarrollada especialmente en Estados Unidos a inicios de los años 90, ha tenido también su impacto en los círculos de pensamiento del contexto español a partir de esas fechas. Se trata con esta teoría de poner de relieve la vinculación entre el sexo biológico, el rol social del género y el deseo sexual. Nos centraremos en algunas aportaciones en esta línea en el estado español, para pasar finalmente a hacer algunas reflexiones por las que consideramos aquí que estos análisis no pueden ser interpretados como una suerte de discurso que viniera a sustituir al feminismo.
PÉREZ TAPIAS, José Antonio: Invitación al federalismo. España y las razones para un Estado plurinacional, Trotta, Madrid, 2013.
Authors: Barroso Fernández Oscar
Published: April 2015

Se trata de una recensión del último libro de José Antonio Pérez Tapias, "Invitación al federalismo".
COMINS MINGOL, Irene & MUÑOZ, Francisco A. (eds.): Filosofías y praxis de la paz, Barcelona, Icaria, 2013.
Authors: Cortés Gómez Ismael
Published: April 2015

El libro Filosofías y praxis de la paz da cuenta de la agenda de la Investigación para la Paz en España, en la primera década del siglo XXI, a partir de una muestra de once trabajos de algunos de los principales Centros de Estudios coordinados por la AIPAZ.

Este libro pone sobre el tablero filosófico una pregunta clásica del Pensamiento Político: ¿Podemos transformar las relaciones sociales de dominación y exclusión basándonos en un marco de pensamiento pacifista? Cuestión que abre a su vez dos preguntas más radicales, tales como: ¿cuál es la fuente original de la que mana el poder? O, ¿qué es la paz?
PÉREZ CHICO, David (coord.): Perspectivas en la Filosofía del Lenguaje, Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 2013.
Authors: Yebra López Carlos
Published: April 2015

Desde comienzos del pasado siglo, el lenguaje ha ocupado un lugar preponderante en el panorama filosófico mundial, siendo su influencia particularmente acuciante en el marco más general de la filosofía analítica, de cuño anglosajón. De acuerdo con este movimiento, gran parte de los problemas filosóficos se solucionarían/disolverían mediante el análisis del lenguaje, el cual constituiría el método filosófico por excelencia. En este sentido, la obra Perspectivas en la Filosofía del Lenguaje, aspira a ser tanto una toma de pulso en cuanto al estado actual de la filosofía del lenguaje (i.e., el área que se ocupa de los problemas del significado y la representación lingüística con el objeto de esclarecer la relación entre lenguaje, mente y mundo) en nuestro país como una contribución crítica a los principales tópicos de la misma a nivel nacional e internacional. En concreto, Perspectivas en la Filosofía del Lenguaje gira en torno a los desarrollos contemporáneos a propósito del paradigma representacional del significado (centrado en relación entre las palabras y los objetos de los que hablamos al utilizarlas), en detrimento de derroteros como el formalista (como se advierte en el prólogo) o el materialista (no mencionado).En este sentido, entre los principales autores abordados destacan las figuras de Frege, Wittgenstein, Kripke y Grice.
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Virginia Woolf: la política de los afectos de las «hijas de los hombres cultos»
Authors: Ruiz Callejón Encarnación
Published: April 2015

En este  trabajo abordo algunos aspectos centrales de la contribución de Virginia Woolf al pensamiento feminista. 1) Su análisis genealógico de la cultura de la violencia desde la óptica de la diferencia femenina y desde la compasión como fundamento de la ética. 2) Su transvaloración del ideal que ha regulado la vida de las mujeres en una moral y una forma de acción política contra la cultura de la violencia y que apuesta por un feminismo más allá de la igualdad.
SUÁREZ BRIONES, Beatriz (ed.): Las lesbianas (no) somos mujeres. En torno a Monique Wittig. Icaria Editorial, Barcelona 2013; IDEM (ed.): Feminismos lesbianos y queer. Representación, visibilidad y políticas. Plaza y Valdés, Madrid 2014.
Authors: Romero Morales Yasmina
Published: April 2015

Reseña de SUÁREZ BRIONES, Beatriz (ed.): Las lesbianas (no) somos mujeres. En torno a Monique Wittig. Icaria Editorial, Barcelona 2013; IDEM (ed.): Feminismos lesbianos y queer. Representación, visibilidad y políticas. Plaza y Valdés, Madrid 2014.
The Application of the General Provisions of the Obligatory Relations Act to Maritime Contracts
Authors: Ivančić-Kačer Blanka , Raić Vitomir
Published: April 2015

This paper is an in-depth analysis of a seemingly uncomplicated legal relationship. The relationship between two very significant acts - the Obligatory Relations Act and the Maritime Code, out of which the Obligatory Relations Act certainly falls under the category of general and the Maritime Code of special acts. The complexity stems from the fact that the Maritime Code although, in essence, determined by international agreements, is likewise relevant for establishing whether a provision of the Obligatory Relations Act, although unregulated either by the Maritime Code or binding international agreements, is acceptable for application in maritime contracts. In other words, it is a matter of the application of a provision of the Obligatory Relations Act to maritime contracts “in an appropriate manner”.
A Single‐Crystal Co‐Base Superalloy Strengthened by γ′ Precipitates: Structure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Petrushin Nikolay , Hvatzkiy Konstantin , Gerasimov Victor , Link Thomas , Epishin Alexander , Nolze Gert , Gerstein Gregory
Published: April 2015

An experimental Co‐base superalloy was designed from the Ni‐base system by exchange of Ni and Co concentrations. The alloy consist of a Co‐matrix (γ phase) strengthened by cuboidal precipitates Co3(Al,X) (γ′ phase). The γ′‐solvus temperature is 1 005 °C. [001] single crystals of this alloy were solidified and tested for tension at different temperatures up to 1 000 °C. It was found that the Co‐base alloy has a much lower yield stress than a corresponding Ni‐base alloy, but a much higher ductility. The partitioning behaviour of the alloying elements in the Co‐base alloy and the deformation mechanisms were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
Smart Hybridization of TiO2 Nanorods and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with Pristine Graphene Nanosheets: Hierarchically Nanoengineered Ternary Heterostructures for High‐Rate Lithium Storage
Authors: Pan Long , Zhu Xiao‐Dong , Xie Xu‐Ming , Liu Yi‐Tao
Published: April 2015

Today, the ever‐increasing demand for large‐size power tools has provoked worldwide competition in developing lithium‐ion batteries having higher energy and power densities. In this context, advanced anode materials are being extensively pursued, among which TiO2 is particularly promising owing to its high safety, excellent cost and environmental performances, and high cycle stability. However, TiO2 is faced with two detrimental deficiencies, that is, extremely low theoretical capacity and conductivity. Herein, a smart hybridization strategy is proposed for the hierarchical co‐assembly of TiO2 nanorods and Fe3O4 nanoparticles on pristine graphene nanosheets, aiming to simultaneously address the capacity and conductivity deficiencies of TiO2 by coupling it with high‐capacity (Fe3O4) and high‐conductivity (pristine graphene) components. The resulting novel, multifunctional ternary heterostructures effectively integrate the intriguing functionalities of the three building blocks: TiO2 as the major active material can adequately retain such merits as high safety and cycle stability, Fe3O4 as the auxiliary active material can contribute extraordinarily high capacities, and pristine graphene as the conductive dopant can guarantee sufficient percolation pathways. Benefiting from a remarkable synergy, the ternary heterostructures deliver superior reversible capacities and rate capabilities, thus casting new light on developing next‐generation, high‐performance anode materials.
Conceptual Inorganic Materials Discovery – A Road Map
Authors: Jansen Martin
Published: April 2015

Synthesis of novel solids, which is a pivotal starting point in innovative materials research, is markedly impeded by the lack of predictability. A conception is presented that enables syntheses of new materials to be rationally planned. The approach is based on the atomic configuration space, and the potential energies associated to the atomic arrangements. Each minimum of the respective hyperspace of potential energy corresponds to a chemical compound capable of existence. Thus the whole realm of known and not‐yet‐known chemical compounds is represented in virtuo on that energy landscape. From this view it follows further that the full sets of the corresponding materials' properties are pre‐determined. Within the scope of the “Energy Landscape Concept of Chemical Matter” presented, targets for synthesis are identified in a rational manner by searching the underlying potential energy landscapes for (meta)stable candidates computationally. Subsequently, the gained information are transferred to finite temperatures, which enables phase diagrams to be calculated, including metastable manifestations of matter, from first principles. The subsequent steps in materials discovery, e.g., assessing the properties and the impact of defects on the performance of the solids predicted are addressed briefly. The approach presented is complete and physically consistent; its feasibility has been proven and validated experimentally.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Ultrathin Bi2Se3 Nanosheets through Thickness Control
Authors: Hong Min , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Yang Lei , Han Guang , Zou Jin
Published: April 2015

Large‐scale Bi2Se3 nanosheets with controllable thickness have been synthesized by a microwave‐assisted solvothermal method. Through detailed structural characterizations, high‐quality Bi2Se3 nanosheets with average thickness of 1, 4, 7, and 13 nm have been fabricated. Their thermoelectric performance has been detailed investigated by experiments and fundamental nonparabolic Kane models. A significantly reduced thermal conductivity (only 0.41 W m‐1K‐1), and enhanced powder factor (4.71 × 10‐4 W m‐1K‐2 with a Seebeck coefficient of –155.32 μV K‐1 and an electrical conductivity of 1.96 × 104 S m‐1) are observed in the pellet composed of single‐layered Bi2Se3 nanosheets. Such an enhanced thermoelectric performance is ascribed to the broadened bandgap and optimized Fermi level in ultrathin Bi2Se3 nanosheets.
Tieftemperatur‐Isolierung des bicyclischen Phosphinophosphoniumsalzes [Mes*2P4Cl][GaCl4]
Authors: Bresien Jonas , Faust Kirill , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander
Published: April 2015

Die Reaktion von [ClP(μ‐PMes*)]2 (1) mit der Lewis‐Säure GaCl3 ergab ein bisher unbekanntes Tetraphosphabicyclo[1.1.0]butan‐2‐iumsalz, [Mes*P4(Cl)Mes*][GaCl4] (3[GaCl4]), dessen bicyclisches P4‐Rückgrat ein positiv geladenes Phosphoniumzentrum enthält. Die Bildung der Titelverbindung wurde durch Tieftemperatur‐NMR‐Experimente untersucht. Hierdurch konnte ein intermediäres cyclisches Tetraphospheniumkation identifiziert werden, das durch Dimethylbutadien (dmb) abgefangen wurde. Alle Verbindungen wurden vollständig durch experimentelle und rechnerische Methoden charakterisiert.
High‐Yield Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Oxygen Reduction by Hierarchically Porous Carbon
Authors: Liu Yanming , Quan Xie , Fan Xinfei , Wang Hua , Chen Shuo
Published: April 2015

H2O2 production by electroreduction of O2 is an attractive alternative to the current anthraquinone process, which is highly desirable for chemical industries and environmental remediation. However, it remains a great challenge to develop cost‐effective electrocatalysts for H2O2 synthesis. Here, hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) was proposed for the electrosynthesis of H2O2 from O2 reduction. It exhibited high activity for O2 reduction and good H2O2 selectivity (95.0–70.2 %, most of them >90.0 % at pH 1–4 and >80.0 % at pH 7). High‐yield H2O2 generation has been achieved on HPC with H2O2 concentrations of 222.6–62.0 mmol L−1 (2.5 h) and corresponding H2O2 production rates of 395.7–110.2 mmol h−1 g−1 at pH 1–7 and −0.5 V. Moreover, HPC was energy‐efficient for H2O2 production with current efficiency of 81.8–70.8 %. The exceptional performance of HPC for electrosynthesis of H2O2 could be attributed to its high content of sp3‐C and defects, large surface area and fast mass transfer.
Electrodeposited Cobalt‐Phosphorous‐Derived Films as Competent Bifunctional Catalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Jiang Nan , You Bo , Sheng Meili , Sun Yujie
Published: April 2015

One of the challenges to realize large‐scale water splitting is the lack of active and low‐cost electrocatalysts for its two half reactions: H2 and O2 evolution reactions (HER and OER). Herein, we report that cobalt‐phosphorous‐derived films (Co‐P) can act as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting. The as‐prepared Co‐P films exhibited remarkable catalytic performance for both HER and OER in alkaline media, with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of −94 mV for HER and 345 mV for OER and Tafel slopes of 42 and 47 mV/dec, respectively. They can be employed as catalysts on both anode and cathode for overall water splitting with 100 % Faradaic efficiency, rivalling the integrated performance of Pt and IrO2. The major composition of the as‐prepared and post‐HER films are metallic cobalt and cobalt phosphide, which partially evolved to cobalt oxide during OER.
Magnetic field measurements of ϵ Eridani from Zeeman broadening
Authors: Lehmann L. T. , Künstler A. , Carroll T. A. , Strassmeier K. G.
Published: April 2015

We present new magnetic field measurements of the K2 main‐sequence star ϵ Eri based on principal components analysis (PCA) line‐profile reconstructions. The aim of this paper is to quantify the surface‐averaged magnetic field and search for possible variations. A total of 338 optical échelle spectra from our robotic telescope facility STELLA with a spectral resolution of 55 000 were available for analysis. This time‐series was used to search for the small line‐profile variations due to a surface magnetic field with the help of a PCA. Evidence for a spatial and temporal inhomogeneous magnetic field distribution is presented. The mean, surface averaged, magnetic field strength was found tobe 〈B〉 = 186 ± 47 G in good agreement with previous Zeeman‐broadening measurements. Clear short‐term variations of the surface averaged magnetic field of up to few tens Gauss were detected together with evidence for a three‐year cycle in the surface‐averaged magnetic field of ϵ Eri. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ionic liquid activated Bacillus subtilis lipase A variants through cooperative surface substitutions
Authors: Zhao Jing , Jia Ning , Jaeger Karl‐Erich , Bocola Marco , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: April 2015

The interest in performing enzyme‐catalyzed reactions in amphiphilic systems, e.g., imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) or surfactants, has been increased over the past decades. Directed protein evolution has been successful in tailoring enzymes for desired properties. Herein, nine IL‐resistant Bacillus subtilis lipase A variants, particularly an IL‐activated variant M1 (M134N/N138S/L140S), were identified by directed evolution. For instance, variant M2 (M134R/L140S) showed almost doubled specific activity (16.9 vs. 9.4 U/mg) and resistance (233% vs. 111%) at 9 vol% 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C4mim][TfO]) compared with wild–type. The specific activities and resistance of purified individual single and double variants have been studied in five different IL‐aqueous mixtures. The re‐activation of lipase variant M1 (not wild–type) at high IL concentration was attributed to the cooperative effect of three surface substitutions (M134N, N138S, L140S) near the substrate‐binding cleft. The presence of IL/substrate clusters under assay conditions was likely related to the re‐activation effect. This study provides first example of IL‐activated lipase variant generated by protein engineering, and helps to better understand the protein‐IL interaction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1997–2004. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.