bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mixed Potential of Salvage Commoning: Crisis and Commoning Practices in Washington, DC and New York City
Authors: Anderson Christian M. , Huron Amanda
Published: October 2021

This paper considers how and to what ends commoning practices can take shape in direct response to the spectres and/or realities of eroding resources (we focus especially on public resources) within iterations of what we term “salvage commoning”. We show how, in such contexts, commoning practices may potentially alleviate but also potentially (re)produce inequities, exclusions, and resource retractions. To illustrate, we draw upon two examples: parent‐teacher organisations in Washington, DC, and block associations in New York City. In both instances, people have cooperatively built new relations, coordinated voluntary labour, and stewarded resources in connection with specific commons (public schools and urban spaces) threatened by disinvestment and crisis. We show how troubling alignments and exclusions can emerge under these conditions, suggesting critical questions about the starkly mixed potential of salvage commoning—especially in the face of ongoing and emerging crises in which such orientations are likely to become increasingly prevalent.
Ocular signs of carotid stenosis in ipsi‐ and contralateral eyes before and after carotid endarterectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Ala‐Kauhaluoma Marianne , Nuotio Krista , Ijäs Petra , Koskinen Suvi Maaria , Vikatmaa Pirkka , Silvennoinen Heli , Relander Kristiina , Lindsberg Perttu J. , Soinne Lauri , Summanen Paula A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

We describe hypoperfusion‐related and embolic ocular signs of carotid stenosis (CS) before and six months after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in a CS population.

Methods

We enrolled prospectively 70 CEA patients (81% male, mean age 69) and 41 non‐medicated control subjects (76%, 68), from March 2015 to December 2018, assessing intraocular pressure (IOP), best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in logMAR units and performing a bio‐microscopy examination.

Results

Main index symptoms included amaurosis fugax (Afx) (29, 41%) and hemispheric TIA (17, 24%), and 17 (24%) were asymptomatic. Of the 70, 17 patients (24%, 95% CI 16‐36) showed ocular signs of CS. Of four embolic (Hollenhorst plaques) findings, one small macular plaque disappeared postoperatively. Four had hypoperfusion, that is ocular ischaemic syndrome (OIS), requiring panretinal photocoagulation: one for multiple mid‐peripheral haemorrhages, two for iris neovascularization and one for neovascular glaucoma (NVG); only the NVG proved irreversible. Nine (de novo in three) showed mild OIS, that is only few mid‐peripheral haemorrhages, ranging pre‐ /postoperatively in ipsilateral eyes from one to eleven (median two)/ one to two (median one), and in contralateral eyes from three to nine (median five)/ one to six (median three). Pre‐ and postoperative median BCVA was 0 or better, and mean IOP was normal, except in the NVG patient. Temporary visual impairment from 0 to 0.3 occurred in one eye soon after CEA due to ocular hyperperfusion causing macular oedema.

Conclusions

Ocular signs of CS are common in CEA patients, ranging from few mid‐peripheral haemorrhages to irreversible NVG. Clinicians should be aware of these signs in detecting CS.
Clinicopathological characteristics of early onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Vuik Fanny E. R. , Nieuwenburg Stella A. V. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Kuipers Ernst J. , Spaander Manon C. W.
Published: October 2021

Background

The rising incidence of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) might reflect a novel tumour entity.

Aims

To evaluate clinicopathological characteristics of sporadic EOCRC (in patients < 50 years old) and investigate changes over time

Methods

All patients with sporadic EOCRC between 1989 and 2016 were included and divided by age: 20‐29 years (group I), 30‐39 years (group II) and 40‐49 years (group III).

Results

We included 6400 patients. The presence of signet‐ring cells and more poorly differentiated tumours were more common in the younger age groups: 5.4% and 3.7% for signet‐ring cells in group I and II vs 1.4% in group III (P < 0.01), and 28.5% and 20.3% for poorly differentiated in group I and II vs 16.6% in group III, (P < 0.01 group I; P = 0.07 group II). Positive lymph nodes were more frequently observed in the younger age groups: 16.2% in group I vs 9.3% in group II (P = 0.01) and 7.9% (P < 0.01) in group III. Over time, a greater proportion of CRCs were diagnosed in women in group I (34.5% < 2004 vs 54.9%>2005, P = 0.09), and a higher percentage of rectal cancer was found in age group III (34.3% < 2004 vs 40.7% > 2005, P < 0.01). Mean overall survival was 6.3 years and improved over time.

Conclusions

EOCRC is not only characterised by age of onset but also by the more frequent presence of signet‐ring cells, more poorly differentiated tumours, and higher risk of lymph node metastases. In the most recent years, a higher proportion of rectal cancer was found from the age of 30 years, and a higher proportion of CRCs were diagnosed in females below the age of 30 years.
Why not let them rest in pieces? Grog‐temper, its provenance and social meanings of recycled ceramics in the Baltic Sea region (2900–2300 BCE)
Authors: Holmqvist Elisabeth
Published: October 2021

Ceramic recycling, that is, using discarded ceramics as raw materials in manufacturing, occurs sporadically in ceramic technologies worldwide. Adding pre‐fired, crushed ceramic fragments, known as grog or chamotte, to clay can improve the manufacturing process and product performance (e.g., thermal‐shock resistance). In ethnographic ceramic traditions, ceramic recycling also conveys various social meanings relating to identity, kinship and ancestry. However, ‘foreign’‐origin grog complicates scientific provenancing of archaeological ceramic fabrics. This study investigates the geochemical discrimination of grog and grog‐tempered Corded Ware Culture pottery (c.2900–2300 BCE), and the possible social signals produced by ceramic recycling in the Baltic Sea region.
High performance yet ethically risky? A self‐regulation perspective on the double‐edged sword effects of the performance‐oriented human resource system
Authors: Zhang Guanglei , Wang Huaying , Ma Rong , Li Mingze
Published: October 2021

Performance‐oriented human resource system (HRS) brings both benefits and risks to organizations. Prior studies mainly reported the positive impact of performance orientated HRS on organizational and employee performance, ignoring its negative impact on employee behavior. Based on self‐regulation theory, this paper examines the double‐edged sword effects of performance‐oriented HRS on employee outcomes. Multiwave data from a total of 253 employees indicated that perceived performance‐oriented HRS can predict employees’ concerns with performance. This system could improve their willingness for self‐development, but it may also reduce employees’ moral awareness, which increases employees’ unethical behavior. Employees’ self‐control moderates the negative effects of performance‐oriented HRS; that is, when employees’ self‐control is low, performance‐oriented HRS leads to a stronger influence on employees’ unethical behaviors through moral awareness than when it is high. The results enhance our knowledge of the effects of performance‐oriented HRS on employees’ attitudinal and behavioral outcomes and provide new insights for countering the negative effects of performance‐oriented HRS in organizational human resource practices.
The UK COVID‐19 app: The failed co‐production of a digital public service
Authors: Polzer Tobias , Goncharenko Galina
Published: October 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic put governments under pressure to make radical and urgent decisions, and to implement new digital solutions to steer society and deliver public services. Our study analyzes social media discourse to understand the co‐production of a digital public service in an emergency situation. Empirically, we mobilize Twitter netnography and discourse analysis to examine citizens’ perceptions of the contact tracing app (CTA) introduced by the UK government to tackle the pandemic and save lives. Our study contributes to research on public sector accountability for digital transformations by advancing scholarly understanding of how societal concerns and public perceptions impact the co‐production of digital services. Our findings reveal a high level of public skepticism toward the app and a general distrust of the UK government among the main social challenges of the CTA's implementation. Furthermore, we evidence widespread public distress over the potential violation of democratic freedoms and misuse of the data collected by the app. Finally, we reflect on the linkages between the lack of governmental accountability and the difficulties in mitigating the expressed societal concerns, causing a corresponding resistance on the part of the public to engage in and support co‐production.
Repeatability of a thyrotropin‐releasing hormone stimulation test for diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in mature horses
Authors: Kam Yan Ning , McKenzie Kelly , Coyle Mitchell , Bertin François‐René
Published: October 2021

Background

Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a common endocrinopathy of horses diagnosed with a thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Describe the repeatability of TRH stimulation in horses with and without PPID in winter and autumn.

Animals

Twenty adult horses; 6 controls and 6 with PPID tested in autumn, 8 controls and 6 with PPID tested in winter with 3 controls and 3 with PPID tested in both seasons.

Methods

Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone stimulation was performed on 2 consecutive occasions, 1 week before and 1 week after the winter solstice and the autumn equinox. Blood was collected before and 30 minutes after IV injection of 1 mg of TRH. ACTH concentration was determined by a chemiluminescent assay. Repeatability and test‐retest reliability were assessed by repeated measures analysis of variance, intraclass correlation coefficient and within‐horse coefficients of variation (CV). Bland‐Altman plots were generated to visualize agreement between repetitions.

Results

In winter, no week effect was detected on the results of the TRH simulation and the test had an excellent test‐retest reliability. In autumn, after‐TRH ACTH concentrations were significantly lower on week 2 (P = .02) and the test only had a good test‐retest reliability. There were significantly larger within‐horse CV during autumn (P = .04) and after TRH stimulation (P = .04). There were 2 misclassifications in winter and 4 in autumn.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The TRH stimulation test was repeatable when performed 2 weeks apart in winter; however, in autumn, more variability in after‐TRH ACTH concentrations resulted in decreased repeatability.
‘The Pressing Question of the Hour’: Fr. Vincent McNabb O.P. & the Reception of Rerum Novarum
Authors: Finn Richard
Published: October 2021

A study of the British reception history of Rerum Novarum between 1891 and 1919 shows the key role of Fr. Vincent McNabb OP in popularising in the Catholic press what would become the predominant interpretation of the encyclical, switching its perceived emphasis away from the defence of private property to the advocacy of an urgent redistribution of property unjustly withheld from the impoverished working classes
Robert Holcot’s Trinitarian Theology and Medieval Historiography
Authors: Slotemaker John T.
Published: October 2021

This paper argues that the Dominican, Robert Holcot's, Trinitarian theology is methodologically consistent with what one finds in the Franciscan theologian, William of Ockham's,Summa logicae. Both theologians, it is argued, develop a form of Trinitarian minimalism that rejects many of the developments in thirteenth-century Trinitarian theology. Further, it is argued that the traditional two-model approach to medieval Trinitarian theology, as found in Théodore de Regnon, Michael Schmaus, and Russell Friedman must be re-evaluated in light of current research.
Unum Necessarium: Gerald Vann's Unifying Thomistic Vision
Authors: Conrad Richard , Crowe Nicholas Paul
Published: October 2021

We note how Gerald Vann's pastoral context fired his concerns, and examine part of his output, especially his Lectorate thesis,Saint Thomas Aquinas, The Divine Pity, andThe Son's Course. He popularised insights drawn from Aquinas and Neo-Thomists, developed in conversation with his brethren, while critically welcoming other traditions and modern culture. He rooted creative thought in Thomist doctrine, and offered Aquinas's vision as an answer to prevalent forms of disintegration. Some of his ideas and expressions are ‘of their time’; his urging an ever fresh contemplation of Christ, and his approach to the Gospel ‘paradox’ of renouncing all things for God's sake, while sharing God's love for creatures, are recognized as a powerful statement of recurring Christian themes. Vann wasahead of his timein sharing widely the distinctively Thomist account of the Spirit's role in guiding our pilgrimage, working unity, and divinizing our perceptions through his Seven Gifts. In this Vann was faithful to the Thomist vision he developed in his formal studies, of the eternal Processions of the Divine Wisdom and the Holy Spirit lying behind the coming of creatures from God and, more excitingly still, lying behind our return to our Triune Archetype.
‘To Do For Our Own Age What Thomas Did For His’: Victor White OP
Authors: Weldon Clodagh
Published: October 2021

When thinking about the life and theology of the English Dominican, Victor White OP (1902-1960), it is his formation at Hawkesyard which holds the key to understanding the direction of his life and work. This brief introduction sets White in the context of his day, showing how his formation created the conditions which drew him to the analytical psychologist, C.G. Jung (1875-1961), at the same time prompting his identification as a modern Thomist, an identification which gave him the framework to engage Jung's thought, and to influence the direction of theology at Blackfriars Oxford. In other words, I hope to show that White's formation at Hawkesyard is the turning point from which all else follows.
Upregulation of REV7 correlates with progression of malignant melanoma
Authors: Hoshino Akiyoshi , Nakayama Chika , Jiang Shi‐Xu , Sakurai Yasutaka , Kato Takuya , Numata Yoshiko , Umezawa Atsuko , Ichinoe Masaaki , Murakumo Yoshiki
Published: October 2021

REV7 is a multifunctional protein implicated in DNA damage tolerance, cell cycle control, and gene expression, and is involved in the carcinogenesis of various human tumors. It has been reported that REV7 expression is associated with ultraviolet‐induced mutagenesis; however, the role of REV7 expression in skin cancers, including malignant melanomas, remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and biological significance of REV7 in malignant melanoma. Levels of REV7 expression in human skin cancers were evaluated immunohistochemically. Positive expression of REV7 was frequently observed in malignant melanomas, as well as in squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas. Enhanced immunoreactivity to REV7 was closely linked with cell proliferation assessed by Ki‐67 labeling indexes in the three skin cancers, and was related with tumor thickness in malignant melanomas. REV7 depletion in malignant melanoma cells MEWO and G361 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. REV7 depletion also affected the expression of intracellular signaling molecules AKT and ERK in MEWO cells, resulting in downregulation of ERK signal activation. In addition, REV7 depletion facilitated sensitivity to cisplatin, but not to dacarbazine, in MEWO cells. Our results suggest that REV7 expression correlates with disease progression of malignant melanoma.
Servitization in global markets: role alignment in global service networks for advanced service provision
Authors: Parida Vinit , Jovanovic Marin
Published: October 2021

This study investigates how global manufacturers offer advanced services, such as outcome‐based contracts, to global customers. Offering advanced services requires companies to engage in and manage win–win collaborations with a diverse set of service network partners. However, there is currently a lack of insights into the value co‐creation challenges faced by manufacturers’ R&D units and their service network partners. Equally, there is a pressing need for roles to be properly aligned when offering advanced services in global markets. Based on 34 exploratory interviews with respondents from two manufacturers and their six globally dispersed front‐end service network partners, this study identifies diverse co‐creation challenges related to the provision of advanced services in global markets. The results show that complex collaborations of this nature often do not lead to win–win relationships but rather to less understood win–lose or lose–win scenarios. Our proposed framework unpacks how to manage value co‐creation challenges and establish win–win relationships through role alignment. This study’s findings show that the successful provision of advanced services requires manufacturers to play the role of global service orchestrators and service network partners to act as global service integrators. Thus, role alignment provides greater latitude to establish a joint sphere of value co‐creation for back‐end and front‐end actors. We conclude by discussing this paper’s theoretical and practical contributions to the emerging literature on servitization in global markets and global service networks.
Productivity effects of processing and ordinary export market entry: A time‐varying treatments approach
Authors: Girma Sourafel , Görg Holger
Published: October 2021

China's policy of encouraging export processing has been the topic of much discussion in the academic literature and policy debate. We use a recently developed econometric approach that allows for time varying “treatments” and estimate economically and statistically significant positive causal effects of entering into export processing and ordinary export markets on subsequent firm level productivity. These productivity effects are shown to be larger than those accruing to firms who enter into ordinary exporting. Interestingly, the estimation of quantile treatment effects shows that the positive effects do not accrue similarly to all types of firms, but are strongest for those at the low to medium end of the distribution of the productivity variable. We also find that export processors gain more when entering the industrialised North rather than the South, while this does not appear to matter much for ordinary exporting.
Effectiveness of broad‐spectrum antiseptics in production of disinfected maggots of Lucilia sericata for use in wound debridement therapy
Authors: Taleb Meriem
Published: October 2021

The establishment of low‐cost, effective, safe and practical methods is necessary to increase the use of larval therapy in wound care. Although studies on external disinfection of calliphorid eggs have been reported, many studies lack data on the effect of disinfection on egg viability and the microorganisms found before disinfection. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare three antiseptic solutions, that is, chlorhexidine (5%), Dakin's solution (0.5% NaOCl) and povidone‐iodine (10%), in terms of their ability to disinfect Lucilia sericata eggs. Egg viability after disinfection and microorganisms present on the eggs and larvae before and after treatment were also examined. None of the antiseptics had a significant effect on egg viability. Disinfection of L. sericata eggs with 0.5% NaOCl was the best method, as sterility tests showed no contamination. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Proteus mirabilis were present in all cultures isolated from the non‐disinfected eggs and larvae, while Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Morganella morganii, Corynebacterium spp. and Providencia stuartii were isolated from more than half of the same cultures. Sterility testing of medicinal maggots after disinfection is crucial to prevent secondary infections and achieve a positive therapeutic outcome.
Mitogenomes provide new insights into the evolutionary history of Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Long , Zhao Yan‐Min , Yan Li‐Ping , Liu Wen‐Bin , Bu Wen‐Jun , Wang Xin‐Hua , Zheng Chen‐Guang
Published: October 2021

Evolutionary analysis of Prodiamesinae has long been impeded by lack of information, and its phylogenetic relationship with Orthocladiinae remains questionable. Here, ten complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Orthocladiinae sensu lato were newly sequenced, including three Prodiamesinae species and seven Orthocladiinae species. Coupled with published mitogenomes, a total of 12 mitogenomes of Orthocladiinae sensu lato were selected for a comparative mitogenomic analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction. Mitogenomes of Orthocladiinae sensu lato are conserved in structure, and all genes arrange the same gene order as the ancestral insect mitogenome. Nucleotide composition is highly biased, and the control region displayed the highest A + T content. All protein‐coding genes are under purifying selection, and the ATP8 evolves at the fastest rate. In addition, the mitogenomes of Orthocladiinae sensu lato are highly conserved, and they are practically useful for phylogenetic inference, suggesting a re‐classification of Orthocladiinae by sinking Prodiamesinae as a subgroup of Orthocladiinae.
Evolution of metastable phases during Mg metal corrosion: An in situ cryogenic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study
Authors: Shutthanandan Vaithiyalingam , Martinez Abraham , Varga Tamas , Devaraj Arun , Roy Swadipta , Stephens Elizabeth , Marina Olga A. , Thevuthasan Suntharampillai , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Joshi Vineet
Published: October 2021

Magnesium and its alloys are potential structural material candidates for a wide variety of applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, ductility and poor corrosion resistance under ambient environmental conditions are the bottlenecks for industrial deployment. Designing passivation layers and/or corrosion-resistant alloys requires fundamental understanding of the corrosion process. The traditional ex situ spectroscopic measurements of a polycrystalline metal surface with ubiquitous surface impurities and grain boundaries only provided an indistinct view of the corrosion process. To clearly distinguish the mechanism and the sequence of the corrosion process, we employed in situ cryo-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements on the Mg single crystal surface exposed to aqueous salt solution. Clean Mg (0001) surfaces were exposed to pure D2O and NaCl aqueous solution (5 wt. % NaCl + 95 wt. % D2O). The interfacial reactions were studied using a multimodal analysis including XPS, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. In contrast to previous studies, our experiments demonstrated the formation of magnesium chloride hydroxide hydrate during aqueous salt corrosion processes. Evidence of metastable ClO* radicals were also found during the initial aqueous salt solution exposure.
Role of nanoscale surface defects on Sn adsorption and diffusion behavior on oxidized Nb(100)
Authors: Farber Rachael G. , Willson Sarah A. , Sibener S. J.
Published: October 2021

Nanoscale structural defects such as grain boundaries, atomic dislocations, and surface roughness inhibit the stoichiometrically homogeneous growth of Nb3Sn on Nb. This is a critical technological bottleneck for the implementation of next-generation Nb3Sn superconducting radio frequency cavities, as thin film inhomogeneities are known to degrade superconducting properties that are essential for reaching optimal cavity performance. To determine the influence of structural defects on Nb3Sn film growth, low and moderate surface defect densities were intentionally induced onto a (3 × 1)-O Nb(100) substrate, which serves as a model system to study atomic-scale Sn adsorption and diffusion. Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that, while initial Sn adsorption behavior at room temperature differs between the low and moderate defect density Nb(100) surfaces, the overall diffusion pathways at elevated temperatures are guided by the underlying oxide structure with variations resulting from increased nanoscale surface defects. The (3 × 1)-O Nb(100) surface with a moderate defect density also demonstrates enhanced Sn thermal stability, with the Sn desorption threshold occurring between 850 and 900 °C, approximately 50 °C higher than desorption from both the low defect density and pristine thin oxide surfaces. This suggests that structural surface defects may stabilize adsorbed Sn species on oxidized Nb at the elevated temperatures utilized in Nb3Sn alloy growth procedures. Auger electron spectroscopy shows no significant difference in surface composition following Sn deposition at varying coverages on the pristine and defect-induced (3 × 1)-O Nb(100) surfaces. This indicates that the surface and near-surface composition are not influenced by the presence of nanoscale surface defects despite slight attenuations in Sn diffusion pathways on defected substrates. These results provide the first in situ visualization of Sn adsorption and diffusion behavior on oxidized Nb at the nanoscale, revealing the significance of the underlying Nb oxide surface structure and defect density on Nb3Sn film growth and, ultimately, cavity performance.
Tuning of bending and torsional modes of bars used in mallet percussion instruments
Authors: Soares Filipe , Antunes Jose , Debut Vincent
Published: October 2021

The present paper proposes a generic design-optimization procedure for the concomitant tuning of bending and torsional modes of bars used in mallet percussion instruments. The undercut model uses a series of discontinuous cuts aimed to facilitate the manufacturing process. Compared to one-dimensional beam models, the use of three-dimensional (3-D) finite element modeling not only allows for the calculation of torsional modes but also provides an increased accuracy in the prediction of modal frequencies, an important aspect when dealing with the demanding tuning tolerances required in a musical context. A global optimization problem is formulated and solved using a surrogate function algorithm, which enables fast computations even with the expensive function evaluations associated with 3-D finite element models. Modal identification of experimental bars demonstrates the potential of the proposed procedure, leading to bars with demanding tuning ratios (six target frequencies) at absolute tuning deviations typically below 15 cents. Measurements of the radiated sound from the experimental bars illustrate the benefits of the improved designs compared to those without torsional tuning. The proposed framework, aside from dealing with the comprehensive tuning of percussive musical bars, also accounts for important practical considerations regarding efficient optimization, modeling accuracy, and manufacturing complexity.
Energy flow analysis of equivalent fluid models for porous media
Authors: Kim Ho Yong , Kang Yeon June
Published: October 2021

Based on a heat conduction analogy that enables the energy flow analysis (EFA) to describe the smoothed energy variations, the EFA has been applied to a variety of structures to predict vibrational responses at high-frequency regions. In this paper, energy equations in the form of heat conduction laws are derived to represent dilatational waves in rigid- and limp-frame porous media using equivalent fluid models. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous waves are considered. Within the EFA framework, the group velocity and loss factor included in the energy models for structures are replaced with the energy velocity and effective loss factor, respectively. The capabilities of the energy models are illustrated using configurations in which the porous layer backed by a rigid wall is in a normal and oblique incident sound field. The results of the numerical simulations confirm the feasibility of the energy model. From an energy perspective, the adequacy of using rigid- and limp-frame equivalent fluid models is also discussed. It is shown that the use of a rigid-frame equivalent model for predicting the energy distribution is more restrictive than predicting acoustic performance such as sound absorption.
Fight for the Arctic Ocean is a boon for science
Authors: Kemeny Richard
Published: October 2021

Armed with seafloor maps, Russia, Denmark, and Canada seek control over the North Pole.
France is wary of science and vaccines, global survey finds
Authors: Rabesandratana Tania
Published: October 2021

Researchers attribute suspicion to institutional scandals.
Technology Feature | Biomarkers on the brain: Putting biomarkers together for a better understanding of the nervous system
Authors: Smith Caitlin
Published: October 2021

A variety of tests under development promise easier and more complete cancer-screening capabilities. With just a single blood sample, some diagnostics will search for signs of dozens of cancers. In addition to their biological capabilities, these screening methods benefit from advanced computation, including artificial intelligence. The question is, how well might these tests work?
The interaction between IKKα and LC3 promotes type I interferon production through the TLR9-containing LAPosome
Authors: Hayashi Kachiko , Taura Manabu , Iwasaki Akiko
Published: October 2021

Autophagy protein LC3 directly recruits kinase IKKα to endosomal platforms necessary for type I IFN production after TLR9 stimulation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain ISP2825
Authors: Lee Gi Young , Song Jeongmin
Published: October 2021

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi ISP2825, isolated in 1983 from a Chilean patient, is one of the major
S. Typhi
strains used for research, along with strains Ty2, CT18, and H58. The complete genome sequence of ISP2825, consisting of a 4,774,014-bp circular chromosome, will help us understand typhoid pathogenesis and evolution.
Complete Genome and Plasmid Sequences of the Psychrotolerant
Aureimonas
Strain SA4125, Isolated from Antarctic Moss Vegetation
Authors: Sakai Hiroyuki D. , Matsuda Ryo , Imura Satoshi , Kurosawa Norio
Published: October 2021

The complete genome sequences of
Aureimonas
sp. strain SA4125 and its native plasmid pSA4125 were determined. The genome sequence comprises 4,968,066 bp, with a GC content of 66.0%, and contains 4,691 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), 3 rRNA operons, and 50 tRNAs. The native plasmid comprises 131,777 bp, with a GC content of 62.3%, and contains 138 CDSs.
Supplemental Material: Lithosphere–asthenosphere interactions beneath northeast China and the origin of its intraplate volcanism
Authors: Zhang Anqi , Guo Zhen , al. et
Published: October 2021

Methodology, supplemental Figures S1–S11, and Tables S1 and S2.
Supplemental Material: Evaluating preservation bias in the continental growth record against the monazite archive
Authors: Mulder Jack , Cawood Peter A.
Published: October 2021

Table S1 (global compilation of monazite ages); Table S2 (compilation of whole rock geochemistry of monazite-bearing rocks); data sources for the zircon ages from the Himalayan orogen and Figure S1 (comparison of monazite and zircon age histograms and cross-correlation results based on the monazite dating method).
The Influence of the Earth’s Oblateness on the Energy Integral and Some Characteristics of a Spacecraft’s Orbit
Authors: Ivashkin V. V.
Published: October 2021

Taking into account the oblateness of the Earth with the help of the second zonal harmonic of the potential of the Earth’s gravitational field modifies the integral of the energy of near-Earth motion in comparison with the Keplerian model of analysis. On the basis of this integral, an explicit analytical structure of the change in the main orbital parameter—the Keplerian energy constant—is obtained. This method of taking into account the oblateness of the Earth also makes it possible to estimate the correction, in comparison with the standard unperturbed analysis, in the departure speed of a spacecraft from the near-Earth waiting orbit when flying to the Moon or another planet.
Determination of the Probability of Collision of Near-Earth Space Objects Taking into Account Form and Orientation
Authors: Karatunov M. O. , Baranov A. A. , Golikov A. R.
Published: October 2021

A method for assessing the probability of collision of two observed space objects in near-earth space is proposed. The solution is based on the method of statistical modeling, which made it possible to take into account the shape and orientation of approaching objects. The developed method provides for the automatic stop of calculations when the required accuracy and reliability of the solution is achieved. An analysis of existing approaches to assessing the probability of collision is given. A calculation was made for the real approach of the vehicles CHINASAT-20 and SHIJIAN-17.
Deliberate self-harm in a patient with hyperthyroidism with acute psychosis
Authors: Wong Haw Huo , Pang Nicholas Tze Ping
Published: October 2021

A woman in her 30s with underlying Graves’ disease, who recently completed radioactive iodine treatment, presented with 2 weeks of acutely altered behaviour associated with auditory hallucinations and religious preoccupations. Laboratory investigation demonstrated elevated free thyroxine levels and suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Additionally, there was a presence of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies consistent with autoimmune thyroid disease. She responded to antipsychotics and achieved biochemical euthyroidism. Subsequently, antipsychotic was tapered off during outpatient follow-up at the patient’s own request, with supplement thyroxine continuing. After 1 week, acute hallucinations and religious preoccupations re-emerged, driving her to inflict self-injuries by swallowing coins and nails and banging her head against the wall, sustaining laceration wounds. Furthermore, she hammered a roofing nail into the external genitalia, embedded in the symphysis pubis. After supplemental thyroxine was stopped and olanzapine was started, she achieved biochemical euthyroid followed by remission of psychosis within 1 week. This case illustrates the importance of elucidating organic causes of psychosis as they are easily and swiftly reversible.
War journalism: an occupational exposure
Authors: Magnavita Nicola , Congedo Maria Teresa , Di Prinzio Reparata Rosa , Iuliano Angela
Published: October 2021

Apart from the risk of accidents, war theatres present a hazard related to numerous long-lasting toxic agents. For 10 years, a >60-year-old male journalist worked in war theatres in the Far and Near East where he was exposed to asbestos and other toxic substances (metals, silica, clays, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic substances) contained in dust and smoke of destroyed buildings. More than 15 years later, he developed a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the soft palate and, subsequently, a pleural malignant mesothelioma. The safety of war journalists should focus not only on preventing the risk of being killed, but also on providing protection from toxic and carcinogenic agents. Exposure to substances released during the destruction of buildings can also pose a carcinogenic risk for survivors.
Hypothermia on admission to a neonatal intensive care unit in Oromia, western Ethiopia: a case–control study
Authors: Girma Bikila , Tolessa Belachew Etana , Bekuma Tariku Tesfaye , Feyisa Bikila Regassa
Published: October 2021

Objective

Hypothermia is believed to affect more than half of Ethiopian neonates. The goal of this study is to determine risk factors for newborn hypothermia in neonates admitted to public hospitals in the east Wollega zone of western Ethiopia’s neonatal intensive care unit.

Design

Unmatched case–control study using neonates admitted to the intensive care unit.

Setting

Neonatal intensive care units at public hospitals in western Ethiopia.

Patients

Neonates admitted to intensive care units.

Main outcomes

The cases were all neonates with hypothermia (less than 36.5°C) and the controls were all neonates with a body temperature of greater or equal to 36.5°C when admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for other reasons.

Results

The study involved the participation of 73 cases and 146 controls. The study found that delayed breastfeeding initiation after 1 hour (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.72; 95% CI: 1.39 to 10.00), admission weight less than 2500 g (AOR=3.43; 95% CI: 1.18 to 9.97), cardiopulmonary resuscitation at birth (AOR=3.42; 95% CI: 1.16 to 10.10.08), lack of immediate skin-to-skin contact with their mother (AOR=4.54; 95% CI: 1.75 to 11.81), night-time delivery (AOR=6.63; 95% CI: 2.23 to 19.77) and not wearing a cap (AOR=2.98; 95% CI: 1.09 to 8.15) were all associated with newborn hypothermia.

Conclusions

Neonatal hypothermia was associated with obstetric, neonatal and healthcare provider factors. As a result, special consideration should be given to the thermal care of low birthweight neonates and the implementation of warm-chain principles with low-cost thermal protection in Ethiopian public health facilities.
Need for pharmacological analgesia after cast immobilisation in children with bone fractures: an observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Cozzi Giorgio , Cortellazzo Wiel Luisa , Bassi Anna , Giangreco Manuela , Dibello Daniela , Rozzo Marco , Di Carlo Valentina , Genovese Maria Rita Lucia , Barbi Egidio
Published: October 2021

Background

Bone fractures are a common reason for children and adolescents to seek evaluation in the ED. Little is known about the pain experienced after cast immobilisation and discharge from the ED and its optimal management. We aimed to investigate the administration of pharmacological analgesia in the first days after cast immobilisation and to identify possible influencing variables.

Methods

A prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the ED of the children’s hospital, Institute for Maternal and Child Health of Trieste, Italy, from October 2019 to June 2020. Patients aged 0–17 years with bone fractures were included. The primary outcome was the administration of analgesia during the 10 days following discharge, while secondary outcomes were the associated variables, including age, gender, fracture type and location, the mean limitation in usual activities and the frequency of re-evaluation at the ED for pain. Data were recorded through a questionnaire, completed by caregivers and collected by the researchers mainly through a telephone interview. The primary endpoint was evaluated as the ratio between the number of children who took at least one analgesic dose and the total enrolled children, while Χ2or Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess secondary outcomes.

Results

During the study period, 213 patients, mean age 10 years (IQR: 8–13), were enrolled. Among them, 137 (64.3%) did not take any analgesic during follow-up. Among children who were administered analgesia, 22 (28.9%) received it only on the first day, and 47 (61.8%) for less than 5 days. One hundred and sixty one patients (75.6%) did not report any limitation in usual activities because of pain. The administration of analgesia was not related to the child’s age, gender or fracture site. Displaced fractures were associated with significantly more frequent analgesia being taken (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 21.0).

Conclusion

Although some studies recommend scheduled analgesic treatment after discharge for bone fractures, this study would suggest analgesia on demand in children with non-displaced fractures, limiting scheduled analgesia to children with displaced fractures.
SUBSUNK-Royal Navy Medical Support to Russian Rescue Attempt Following Sinking of the Kursk
Authors: Benton P J
Published: October 2021

On 12 August 2000 a Russian Oscar class submarine, the KURSK, sank in the Barents Sea. This article describes the medical support provided by the Royal Navy in response to this tragic accident.
Chilaiditi Syndrome and Recurrent Colonic Volvulus: A Case Report
Authors: Matthews Jon , Beck Giles W , Bowley Douglas M G , Kingsnorth Andrew N
Published: October 2021

The case of a 31 year old male presenting as an emergency with a recurrent colonic volvulus is described. A chest X-ray on admission to hospital showed the presence of hepato-diaphragmatic interposition of the colon, Chilaiditi’s Sign, which is known to be a risk factor for colonic volvulus. This is only the fourth reported case of colonic volvulus in association with Chilaiditi’s Syndrome and the first with recurrent colonic volvulus. The optimal treatment for recurrent volvulus in patients with risk factors such as Chilaiditi’s Syndrome or megacolon is also discussed.
‘War Surgery at Sea’ : Maritime Trauma Experience in the Gulf War 2003
Authors: Matthews Jon J , Mercer Stuart J
Published: October 2021

During the second Gulf War in 2003. the Primary Casualty Receiving facility onboard R.F.A. Argus treated thirty six patients with injuries sustained in the conflict, including thirty Iraqi enemy prisoners of war and displaced persons. Their injuries and operative management are reported. Eighteen casualties sustained fragmentation injuries, six casualties sustained gunshot wounds and seven casualties suffered a combination of both. In addition to penetrating missile injuries five casualties from road traffic accidents were treated. All wounds were managed following the established principles of war surgery. The extremities were involved in twenty eight patients (78%) including nine open, multifragmented long bone fractures which were managed with external skeletal fixators. Two laparotomies and one thoracotomy were performed. The average duration of surgery was one hundred and thirty two minutes with the longest procedure lasting for six hours and ten minutes. This was the first time that the Primary Casualty Receiving Facility had been used to surgically manage war casualties and it fulfilled this role to good effect.
The (E)FTSM-(edge) Connectivity of Cayley Graphs Generated by Transposition Trees
Authors: Li Pingshan , Liu Rong , Liu Xianglin
Published: October 2021

The Cayley graph generated by a transposition tree [Formula: see text] is a class of Cayley graphs that contains the star graph and the bubble sort graph. A graph [Formula: see text] is called strongly Menger (SM for short) (edge) connected if each pair of vertices [Formula: see text] are connected by [Formula: see text] (edge)-disjoint paths, where [Formula: see text] are the degree of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] respectively. In this paper, the maximally edge-fault-tolerant and the maximally vertex-fault-tolerant of [Formula: see text] with respect to the SM-property are found and thus generalize or improve the results in [19, 20, 22, 26] on this topic.
The fractal nature analysis by applying grain formations of SAC305/OSP Cu and SAC305-0.05Ni/OSP Cu solder joints for microelectronic packaging
Authors: Mitić Vojislav V. , Fleshman Collin , Duh Jenq-Gong , Ilić Ivana D. , Lazović Goran
Published: October 2021

The electronic packaging and systems are very important topics as the limitation of miniaturization approaches in semiconductor industry. Regarding the optimal materials microstructure for these applications, we studied different alloys such as Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (wt.%)/organic solderability preservative (SAC305/OSP) Cu and SAC305–0.05Ni/OSP Cu solder joints. We implemented the fractal dimension characterization and microstructure morphology reconstruction. This is the first time that we applied fractals on such alloys. The morphology reconstruction is important for predicting and designing the optimal microstructure for the advanced desirable properties these alloys. These analyzed parameters are important for the hand-held devices and systems especially for the exploitation. The fractal reconstruction was applied on the prepared microstructures with five different magnifications. The results confirmed successful application of fractals in this area of materials science considering the grains and shapes reconstructions.
Evidential link prediction method based on the importance of high-order path index
Authors: Xia Jingjing , Ling Guang , Fan Qingju , Wang Fang , Ge Ming-Feng
Published: October 2021

Link prediction, aiming to find missing links in an observed network or predict those links that may occur in the future, has become a basic challenge of network science. Most existing link prediction methods are based on local or global topological attributes of the network such as degree, clustering coefficient, path index, etc. In the process of resource allocation, as the number of connections between the common neighbors of the paired nodes increases, it is easy to leak information through them. To overcome this problem, we proposed a new similarity index named ESHOPI (link prediction based on Dempster–Shafer theory and the importance of higher-order path index), which can prevent information leakage by penalizing ordinary neighbors and considering the information of the entire network and each node at the same time. In addition, high-order paths are used to improve the performance of link prediction by penalizing the longer reachable paths between the seed nodes. The effectiveness of ESHOPI is shown by the experiments on both synthetic and real-world networks.
An Image Change Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Feature Self-Attention Fusion Mechanism UNet Network
Authors: Alimjan Gulnaz , Jiaermuhamaiti Yiliyaer , Jumahong Huxidan , Zhu Shuangling , Nurmamat Pazilat
Published: October 2021

Various UNet architecture-based image change detection algorithms promote the development of image change detection, but there are still some defects. First, under the encoder–decoder framework, the low-level features are extracted many times in multiple dimensions, which generates redundant information; second, the relationship between each feature layer is not modeled so sufficiently that it cannot produce the optimal feature differentiation representation. This paper proposes a remote image change detection algorithm based on the multi-feature self-attention fusion mechanism UNet network, abbreviated as MFSAF UNet (multi-feature self-attention fusion UNet). We attempt to add multi-feature self-attention mechanism between the encoder and decoder of UNet to obtain richer context dependence and overcome the two above-mentioned restrictions. Since the capacity of convolution-based UNet network is directly proportional to network depth, and a deeper convolutional network means more training parameters, so the convolution of each layer of UNet is replaced as a separated convolution, which makes the entire network to be lighter and the model’s execution efficiency is slightly better than the traditional convolution operation. In addition to these, another innovation point of this paper is using preference to control loss function and meet the demands for different accuracies and recall rates. The simulation test results verify the validity and robustness of this approach.