bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do the Media Affect the Decisions of Policy Makers in Foreign Policy?
Authors: Ajjan Mazen , Mehartaj Begum Syed
Published: November 2021

On July 16th 2021, the U.S. newly elected President Joe Biden hosted Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi at the White House. The main topic was the future of the U.S. troops in Iraq. The controversial American invasion, after more than eighteen years, is again in focus. The American media in particular is allocating long hours of its live coverage in discussing this sensitive topic. This paper investigates the complex relationship between media and policymakers in the USA. The paper uses the invasion of Iraq in 2003 as a case study to address the question of the media’s influence on policy decision-making. By choosing two main media outlets in the "stalwart" on democracy: The New York Times and Fox News. The paper goes through a detailed account of how the Bush administration was able to impose their interpretation of the situation and how the media fostered misperceptions among the American public in one of the most world’s controversial crises. The conclusion from this analysis was that the media don’t affect policymaking. On the contrary, the American administration shaped the news coverage almost entirely. The Bush administration in 2003 was able to employ media to form its war agenda and spreading it to the public. Media, even in a democratic system, was unable to give counter argument or even a critical attitude towards Bush administration foreign policy. 

 

Received: 5 August 2021 / Accepted: 4 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Assessing the Effect of Federal Universities Academics and National Youth Service Corps Members on the Conduct of General Elections in Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Aliyu M. , Ikedinma Hope Amoge
Published: November 2021

This study examined issues that necessitated the use of federal universities academics and national youth service corps members in the conduct of general elections in Nigeria and discussed the credibility of election management with their involvement. It also interrogated the effectiveness and challenges of using them by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). The study utilised primary data that was collected through semi-structured interviews with thirty respondents. Secondary data was sourced from periodicals, journals, election manuals, and electoral act of 2010 as amended. The data collected were analysed using content analysis. The study showed that the need to sanitize the electoral system informed the use of universities academics and national youth service corps members. The study also showed that the academics and national youth service corps members have facilitated the credibility of the electoral system and that the activities of desperate politicians who are driven by the lust for political power are some of the challenges faced in using university academics and national youth service corps members. It is suggested that the current use of universities academics and national youth service corps members in the conduct of future elections should be sustained.

 

Received: 5 August 2021 / Accepted: 30 september 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Emerging Roles of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa
Authors: Adegbite Waliu M. , Govender Cookie M.
Published: November 2021

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is more than just technology-driven change, disruptive innovation impacts core industries, including the informal sector. Expectedly, the revolution will raise the level of innovation and creativity of the manufacturing SMEs through the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Unfortunately, fewer studies attempted to examine the knowledge level of SME’s adoption of 4IR technologies, and their benefits to the sector in low-income countries, especially in Africa. This research paper takes a closer look at the expected roles of SMEs. It examines the emerging roles of SMEs in the 4IR towards sectoral growth and intending transformation of the informal sector in Africa. Twenty-nine studies dealing with this range of topics are examined in the framework of a systematic review. Although the reviews showed that the level of awareness on the benefits of adopting 4IR technologies in manufacturing SMEs is increasing, research has not highlighted the specific roles expected of SMEs in the digital revolution, especially in low-income countries like Africa. The study identified from the literature that if SMEs are fully transited into industry 4.0, small businesses in Africa will mobilise future jobs, create a new business model, and promote the internationalization of SME products, among others. The study proposed a framework to facilitate the role of SMEs in the 4IR. A unique regional approach towards governance and cooperation focusing on 4IR to grow the activities of the SMEs for regional development may be necessary for Africa. 

 

Received: 27 June 2021 / Accepted: 26 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Concept of Increase Enrolment: Its effect on teachers in Ghana
Authors: Akoto-Baako Hansen , Heeralal Prem Jotham , Kissi-Abrokwah Bernard
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the effects of increase in enrolment on teachers in second cycle institutions in Ghana. The effects of increase enrolment on teacher’s work load, classroom management, health, social life and classroom interaction. The study employed the pragmatic paradigm and mixed method approach. Concurrent triangulation comprising descriptive survey for the quantitative phase and a case study for the qualitative phase.  Self-developed questionnaire and semi-structured interview schedule were used to collect data from respondents. A total of hundred and forty-seven (147) respondents were used for the study. It was made up of one hundred and forty (140) teachers used at the quantitative phase and seven (7) head teachers used in the qualitative phase. The study found out that increase enrolment increased the workload of teachers significantly, and exposed teachers to health challenges. The study also revealed that increase enrolment made it very difficult for teachers to manage their classrooms and interact with students during instructional periods. The study recommended that teaching assistants be assigned to all teachers, government should set up a special body which is made up of occupational counsellors, psychologists, physicians who will tasked to organize programs on monthly bases to educate teachers on how to manage work related stress they encounter. Finally, the government should build more schools and make it a priority to train more teachers.

 

Received: 15 September 2021 / Accepted: 16 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Matching Complexes of $3 \times n$ Grid Graphs
Authors: Goyal Shuchita , Shukla Samir , Singh Anurag
Published: November 2021

The matching complex of a graph $G$ is a simplicial complex whose simplices are matchings in $G$. In the last few years the matching complexes of grid graphs have gained much attention among the topological combinatorists. In 2017, Braun and Hough obtained homological results related to the matching complexes of $2 \times n$ grid graphs. Further in 2019, Matsushita showed  that the matching complexes of $2 \times n$ grid graphs are homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres. In this article we prove that the matching complexes of $3\times n$ grid graphs are homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres. We also give the comprehensive list of the dimensions of spheres appearing in the wedge.
PECTORAL FROM TOVSTA MOHYLA AS A REMINISCENCE OF THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES: SEARCHING THE ORIGIN OF IDEA
Authors: Babenko L. I.
Published: November 2021

Pectorals in form of breast decoration of a moon-like shape were not peculiar for the Scythian culture. Many ideas on manufacturing the pectoral, which was found by B. Mozolevsky in 1971 during the Tovsta Mohyla excavations, were borrowed by the craftsman from the other culture environment. By the opinion of many researchers, the influence of different traditions of the ancient Greek art is easy-to-see in the pectoral’s composition. Besides, it is inheriting in frieze forming similarelly to sculptural compositions fronton of the Parthenon, borrowing motives of floral ornaments, coin plots etc. But the creative work of the author of pectoral could have been influenced not only by decorative art but the literary monument too. To the latter the Homer’s «Iliad» can be named, especially its 18th playsong, which describes Hephaestus manufacturing the Shield of Achilles. It is interesting that the Pectoral from Tovsta Mohyla was compared with the Shield of Achilles by many researchers (I. V. Yatsenko, L. A. Lelekov and D. S. Rayevsky, V. Y. Mukhaylin). As at its core both Shield of Achilles and the pectoral are pieces of art of high artistic merit, which represent world cosmologic pictures with the help of the opposite action areas made with high relief figures. The breast collars, which are widely known by the findings of Thrace and Macedonia, could lead to generation of ideas that influenced the pectoral’s invention. Such breast collars actually were small hanging shields, which protected in battle the warrior’s weakest spot. By their form and functions they are close to peltes — light skin shields of a moon-like shape. Such peltes were not only well known by toreuts who worked on the Scythians’ orders, but also were recreated by them in battle-pieces on the comb from Soloha and on the calathus from Vylyka Blysnytsya. So it can be considered that the pectoral’s conception was based on the different but connected ideas, borrowed by the craftsman from the military sphere. As a result of the composed transformation of the association chain the Shield of Achilles — Peltes shield — breast collars (or vise versa) and synthesis of several ideas, there was formed a general vision of the pectoral with the corresponding shape, composition structure and separate ornamental patterns.
FURTHER THOUGHTS ON THE FUNERAL RITE OF ROMENSKA CULTURE
Authors: Bibikov D. V.
Published: November 2021

The study of the funeral rite of the Eastern Slavs and the dynamics of its development is important for the clarification of the religious, state-creating, ethno-cultural and social processes of the Old Rus formation. In the paper the author makes a new attempt of the comprehensive analysis of the burial sites of chronicle Severians who are identified with the bearers of Romenska archaeological culture. For this purpose, the most complete and reliable catalogue of these sites included 142 items has been created.

Statistical calculations show at the main part of the Dnieper Left Bank in the 9th—10th centuries the dominance of cremation rites away from the burial, placing the urn in the upper levels of the mound. Burials of this type are at least 82 % of Romenska culture cremations. They are reflected in literary sources. Burials at the level of the horizon and in small holes should be considered only as a few deviations from the classical Romenski rite. Burials of these types are characterized by such specific elements as circular wooden fences and ritual hearths, and most of them do not contain the urns. Differences in the funeral rites of the Dnieper Left Bank can be explained by the reasons of both ethnographic and chronological nature.

In the second half of the 10th century in the Severians area a few cremations are recorded at the places of burial. No Romenska culture pottery or ornaments were found in any of these complexes: they all contained exclusively the Old Rus materials. There is no doubt that the rite of cremation at the place was brought to the Dnieper Left Bank by settlers from the Middle Dnieper together with the establishment of the Kyiv Princes power.

Radical changes in the Romenski funeral rite occur in the late 10th — early 11th centuries. The rite of inhumation at the level of the horizon becomes dominant, less often in the mound pits. Although a number of scholars link these changes to the socio-economic changes in society the author considers it possible to explain them only by the total Christianization of the newly acquired territories by Kyiv. It is likely that the cremation of the dead was strictly forbidden by the church.
ANCIENT ROADS NEAR DAVYDIV BRID AT INGULETS RIVER
Authors: Kariaka O. V.
Published: November 2021

In recent years, due to expansion of the capabilities of using high-resolution satellite images and their availability on many resources on the Internet, the possibility of identifying new sites is becoming especially relevant. In order to reveal the ability of land communications as well as for the study of close relationship of the barrows and steppe roads we made the attempt to map them as completely as possible using the remote sensing methods in the area between the Dnieper and the Lower Ingulets Rivers.

The coverage of large territory made it possible to identify the place of the highest concentration of road residues which was located near the modern village of Davydiv Brid (Beryslav district, Kherson region). There were three identified so-called «Stars» — Bajdak-Mohyla, Shurzhyna and Bilohirka. At the base of each of them was a large mound of the 6—8 m high. All of them were in the line of sight from one to another and marked the place of the traditional crossing of the Ingulets River.

On the basis of the remnants of roads associated with them the main directions of movement were identified: 1) the largest to the southeast to the area of the modern city of Beryslav; 2) a less saturated but clearly traced eastern route to the area of the modern Dudchany village; 3) along the Ingulets valley on the top of the steppe plateau.

The internal structure and arrangement of the mounds and remains of roads is very complicated and can only be partially reconstructed. For example, we consider the fact of the seasonal use of Shurzhin’s star to bypass two lowlands located near Bajdak-Mogyla as obvious. From the last point several direct routes of the southeastern direction can be traced which were convenient in the dry season.

The attempt to compare the roads identified by us with the paths of the «three-verst Schubert map» of the 19th century had a few results. Only in some cases it is possible to trace the coincidence of the historical paths with those recorded by us in the southeastern direction and only on certain sections. In the eastern direction and the route along Ingulets there are no this kind of coincidences were actually revealed.

As a result we consider it necessary to admit that the remains of the roads we have recorded should be considered a special type of archaeological monuments accompanying other objects, primarily mounds. The phenomenon of the remains of these roads and the «stars» described by us is the phenomenon which reflects the certain part of human activity in the past and should be studied with the involvement of the as largest as possible territories and conducting field research.
OLBIO AND ITS OUTSKIRTS IN THE 18th — EARLY 20th CENTURIES:TOPOGRAPHIC AND HISTORIOGRAPHIC ESSAYS
Authors: Sаpоzhnykov І. V.
Published: November 2021

The paper is devoted to the publication and analysis of the literary and cartographic sources of the late 18th — early 20th centuries in some way or another related to the ruins of Olbio and its outskirts. Some of them are dated back to so-called «pre-Russian period» of the study of this unique complex of archaeological sites, in particular the plan of the French military topographer A. Zh. de Lafitt-Clave in 1784 where any settlements is not marked directly in the Olbio region. Further is the «Russian Old Believers episode» of the history of Ilyinske-Parutine village recorded by Count A. S. Uvarov in 1848. The author paid the main attention to several problems and aspects of the history of mapping the Olbio settlement and the Sto Mohyl (One hundred kurgans) tract which was began around 1810 by I. S. Borislavsky. Particular attention in the paper was paid to the plans of P. I. Kцppen 1819, and it is also specified that the author of one of the best plans of Olbio (1863) was A. P. Chirkov. The result of these researches is the «List of basic plans and maps of Olbio and its environs in the 1810s — 1860s» (Appendix 1). In the final part of the paper the sources of the late 19th—20th centuries which were the basis of S.B. Buyskikh’s reconstruction of the defense line of Olbian limes were analyzed in detail. The main problem with these constructions is that earthen embankments with moats have not yet been identified or explored. Based on a number of facts and field observations, the route of the road from Olbio to the west (to Tyras and other cities), which passed through Kamеnka (Anchekrak), is proposed by the author. It is clear that this assumption needs to be tested in the field using modern devices (GPS navigator, georadar and drone). In addition, the author republished the essays by I. I. Kedrin «Small town Illinskoe» 1850 (Appendix 2) and A. A. Skalkovsky about his trip to Olbio in 1861 (Appendix 3).
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES FOR MORPHOLOGY: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Ivanova E.I. , Grinin V.O. , Bakulina A.A. , Timashev P.S.
Published: November 2021

In this work, a program was developed based on U-Net and VGG neural network architectures for segmentation and analysis of scan images of kidney and colon tissues. The program maps up to 12 classes of anatomical structures in tissues, and also allows the calculation of predictive histological biomarkers to support physician decision-making.
OBTAINING OF RECOMBINANT NATIVE SEQUENCE HUMAN ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN RECEPTOR-BINDING DOMAIN AS A VECTOR FOR ONCOTHERAPY AND DIAGNOSTICS, AND EVALUATION ITS FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Mollaev M.D. , Nikolskaya E.D. , Sokol M.B. , Mollaeva M.R. xM.R. , Fomicheva M.V.
Published: November 2021

The paper describes the expression, purification and isolation of native sequence human alpha-fetoprotein recombinant receptor-binding domain and evaluation its functional activity for specific targeting to tumor cells.
STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF PHOSPHOTRIESTERASES HYDROLYZING ORGANOPHOSPHATES WITH AN INACTIVATED LEAVING GROUP
Authors: Mulashkina T.I. , Kulakova A.M.
Published: November 2021

The mechanism of hydrolysis of organophosphates, dibutyl-4-nitro-phenylphosphate and its analogue with an inactivated leaving group – dibutylphenylphosphate by phosphotriesterase Pd-PTE has been determined.
STUDY OF THE MECHANISMS OF INTESTINAL TUMOR PROGRESSION USING THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY METHODS
Authors: Gisina A.M. , Novikova S.E. , Kim Y.S. , Saryglar R.Yu. , Yarygin K.N.
Published: November 2021

The analysis of proteomic profiles of stem and common cancer cells, as well as hematogenous and lymphogenous metastases of patients with colorectal cancer was carried out. Using transcriptome and bioinformatic analysis, the putative pathways of regulation of the CD133 stem cell marker expression were modeled. Microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity in two types of metastases have been investigated.
EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNOCORRECTIVE EFFECT OF VESELKA ON CHANGES IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT ORGANS OF ANIMALS
Authors: Razin A. N. , Volkov M. Yu.
Published: November 2021

The immunocorrective properties of the basidial fungus Phallus impudicus were evaluated in order to further use the drug in various dosage forms for batch control according to the indicator "Biological activity" in the conditions of control services laboratories.
NOVEL FAMILY OF PROLINE-RICH ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES INHIBITING BACTERIAL TRANSLATION
Authors: Kruglikov R.N. , Ovchinnikova T.V. , Panteleev P.V.
Published: November 2021

A new proline-rich antimicrobial peptide from alpaca (Vicugnia pacos) was obtained, as well as its modified analogs. The biological activity of the peptides was studied, and also the role of the N- and C-terminal fragments, when acting on bacterial cells, was analyzed.
COMPARISON OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES AND MICROPLATES AS CARRIERS IN HETEROGENEOUS CHEMILUMINESCENT ASSAY OF MICRORNA-141 USING CATALYTIC HAIRPIN ASSEMBLY
Authors: Bodulev O. , Razo S. , Ivanov A. , Safenkova I. , Sakharov I.
Published: November 2021

Comparison of two types of carriers (magnetic nanoparticles and microplate) for the detection of oligonucleotides is carried out. It was shown that the value of analytical parameters in chemiluminescent heterogeneous assay of microRNA-141 using an isothermal reaction of catalytic hairpin assembly did not depend on the choice of the carrier.
PROBLEMS OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF THE CAUSAL AGENTS OF QUARANTINE PHYTOBACTERIOSIS
Authors: Dzhalilov F.S.
Published: November 2021

Current problems and approaches to the development of methodology for testing of plant samples for detection of quarantine bacterial plant diseases pathogens in conditions of accredited laboratories and for scientific purposes are highlighted.
BIOSENSING AND MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON ULTRA SENSITIVE OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Orlov A.V. , Bragina V.A. , Gyteneva N.V. , Nikitin M.P. , Gorshkov B.G.
Published: November 2021

Highly sensitive methods of optical and magnetic measurements have been developed and tested for analytical applications, medical diagnostics, food safety control, etc. The achieved detection limits are unique for express assays: DNA - 6 × 10-19 mol (without amplification), haptens - 16 fg/ml, protein biomarkers - 4 pg/ml.
BIOPOLYMER ANTISEPTIC SYSTEMS BASED ON POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES FOR SOFT TISSUE RECONSTRUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Vladimirova A.
Published: November 2021

Biopolymer matrices based on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) with a copolymer poly (3-hydroxyvalerate) (P (3HB) -co-P (3HV) with a deposited local antiseptic Brilliant Green and covalently attached type 1 collagen and silver proteinate have been developed.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOFUEL ELEMENTS BASED ON DIFFERENT BIOCATALYSTS
Authors: Agapova V. , Alferov S.
Published: November 2021

Comparative characteristics of the of BFC based on the membrane fraction of bacteria Gluconobacter oxydans used in the form of a suspension, as well as immobilized in PVA modified with N-vinylpyrrolidone ware carried out.
MIXED CULTURE OF METHYLOTROPHIC BACTERIA METHYLOPHILUS QUAYLEI AND METHYLORUBRUM EXTORQUENS PRODUCES POLY-3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE AND EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: Dzhulay D.S. , Mitina E.R. , Pshenichnikova A.B.
Published: November 2021

The conditions for cocultivation of aerobic methylotrophic bacteria Methylophilus quaylei and Methylorubrum extorquens and control of the content of individual strains in the consortium were optimized. It was shown that the production of exopolysaccharide and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in a mixed culture is close to their production by pure cultures of M. quaylei and M. extorquens, respectively.
MICROBIAL POLYSACCHARIDES – THE BASIS FOR NEW GENERATION POLYFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Authors: Revin V.V. , Liyaskina E.V. , Pestov N.A. , Kadimaliev D.A. , Dolganov A.B.
Published: November 2021

New generation polyfunctional materials based on such microbial polysaccharides as bacterial cellulose, alginate, xanthan, chitosan have been obtained. The possibility of their application as materials with antibacterial, regenerative and haemostatic properties, ultra-low thermal conductivity, density, high noise-absorbing and sorption properties has been shown.
NEW COMPOSITE MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES FOR USE IN IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC
Authors: Zherdev A.V. , Dzantiev B.B.
Published: November 2021

Composite nanoparticles based on magnetite with various coatings have been synthesized and characterized. Their effectiveness as markers for the immunochromatographic determination of troponin T, a diagnostic indicator of acute myocardial infarction, was compared.
NEW Р-MODIFIED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES AS NEXT GENERATION ANTISENSE AGENTS
Authors: Burakovа Е.А. , Klabenkova K.V. , Derzhalova A.S. , Patrushev D.E. , Bizyaev S.N. , Fokinа А.А.
Published: November 2021

Replacement of phosphate groups in internucleotidic positions by such linkages as phosphorylimines or sulfonyl phosphoramidates results in the formation of a wide spectrum of new DNA and RNA analogues that demonstrate properties corresponding to the next generation antisense therapeutics.
DELIVERY OF STIMULI-SENSITIVE NANOPARTICLES FOR VISUALIZATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN LIVER DISEASES
Authors: Vetosheva P.I. , Shokhina A.G. , Melnik D.M. , Belousov V.V. , Zatsepin T.S.
Published: November 2021

We developed lipid nanoparticles for effective visualization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in damaged hepatocytes. These nanoparticles contain ROS - sensor: 1) HyPer – plasmid DNA encoded the same protein that is sensitive to the hydrogen peroxide or 2) hydrocyanine (leuco-form of cyanine) 5). The physicochemical characterization of the obtained particles was carried out, as well as their efficacy in vitro and in vivo was evaluated.
OBTAINING OF CELLULAR PREPARATIONS OF RAT AND HUMAN OLFACTORY MUCOSA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE SIZE OF MODELED SPINAL CORD CYSTALS
Authors: Stepanova O.V. , Karsuntseva E.K. , Fursa G.A. , Chadin A.V. , Valikhov M.P. , Semkina A.P , Reshetov I.V. , Chekhonin V.P.
Published: November 2021

Enriched cultures of olfactory ensheathing cells and neural stem/progenitor cells were obtained according to our developed protocols from the olfactory mucosa of rat and human. It has been shown that only transplantation of human and rat olfactory ensheathing cells leads to a significant decrease in the size of cysts, as well as their complete disappearance in some animals.
Огляд досліджень з математичних проблем механіки та теорії керування в Інституті математики НАН України
Authors: Lukovsky I. A. , Mazko A. G. , Timokha A. N.
Published: November 2021

Наведено огляд дослiджень з математичних проблем механiки та теорiї керування, проведених в Iнститутi математики НАН України вiд початку його заснування.
Про один окремий випадок руху в задачі трьох тіл
Authors: Sosnyts’kyi S. P.
Published: November 2021

УДК 531.36; 531.011Дослiджується окремий випадок задачi трьох тiл, коли два з них мають однаковi маси, що обумовлює iснування многовиду симетричних рухiв. Розглянуто умови iснування обмежених (необмежених) симетричних рухiв. Для аналiзу обмеженостi (необмеженостi) руху як структура многовиду симетричних рухiв, так i iнтеграли енергiї та моменту кiлькостей руху є iстотними.
Математичні проблеми термомеханіки деформівних тіл при тепловому опроміненні
Authors: Hachkevych O. R. , Kushnir R. M. , Terletskii R. F.
Published: November 2021

УДК 535.51, 535.55, 539.3
Наведено огляд досліджень математичних проблем термомеханіки деформівних тіл різної електропровідності і здатності до намагнічування та поляризації при електромагнітному опроміненні, які проводяться в Інституті прикладних проблем механіки і математики НАН України. Сформульовано задачі математичноі фізики, що описують тепловий та термонапружений стан у таких тілах із урахуванням особливостей електромагнітної дії в різних частотних діапазонах. Проаналізовано методи дослідження термомеханічної поведінки тіл у цих діапазонах, зокрема різної прозорості (частково прозорих та непрозорих) при тепловому опроміненні.
Recomendaciones para la renovación de café por medio de zocas.
Authors: Rendón José Raúl
Published: November 2021

Renovar el cultivo de café por medio de zoca o podas es una práctica importante para mantener la productividad de la finca. Planifique oportunamente las labores según los patrones de cosecha de cada zona y promueva la seguridad de los operarios.
Descripción de la estructura del dosel arbóreo al interior de un sistema agroforestal con café.
Authors: Farfán-Valencia Francisco
Published: November 2021

Identificar la característica del dosel o cobertura de los árboles establecidos para dar sombra al
cultivo del café, como el tamaño de la copa, altura del árbol y cantidad de sombra, entre otras,
es fundamental para el manejo agronómico del cultivo.
Taxonomía de suelos. Consideraciones para la zona cafetera de Colombia.
Authors: Lince-Salazar Luz Adriana , Sadeghian Siavosh
Published: November 2021

La clasificación taxonómica de suelos indica las características edáficas más relevantes para la producción de cultivos y permite definir el uso adecuado mediante la identificación de limitantes y bondades según los requerimientos de cada cultivo. El presente Boletín Técnico tiene como propósito dar a conocer cómo se interpreta la clasificación taxonómica de suelos para la cartografía realizada por la FNC, además de difundir la información generada por el IGAC para los sitios cafeteros con caracterización de suelos poco detallada, con el fin de que dicha información se utilice para el potencial productivo de los suelos de cada región y prever estrategias de manejo y conservación.
A megbízhatósági vizsgálat az Emberi Jogok Európai Bírósága ítélkezési gyakorlatának tükrében
Authors: Jagusztin Tamás
Published: November 2021

Finding effective means of combating corruption is a problem in almost every country. The toolbox of possible measures is constantly expanding, with more and more solutions emerging that focus more on prevention. As integrity threats are very difficult to identify accurately, one way to do this is to conduct corruption investigations and risk analyses. One of the legal institutions in Hungary for the purpose of integrity testing is the reliability test. The purpose of the integrity test is to determine whether the person concerned is in compliance with the prescribed official duty. In order to establish this, the integrity test body artificially creates real-life or presumptive life situations in the course of the job. This simulated life situation is essentially a trap set by the authorities, called a forensic trap. A simulated situation achieves its goal if the person with the intent to commit the offense, corruption, sees the situation as an opportunity to obtain the hoped-for goods. The greatest danger of this situation is that the action of the investigating officer will turn into so-called official incitement, which is already prohibited conduct. This essentially means that in the simulated situation, the conduct of the investigating officer develops the intrinsic motivation that causes the target person to essentially engage in the crime rather than wanting to be given the opportunity (agent provocateur). Two trends have emerged in the practice of different courts in relation to the assessment of instigation of authority: subjective and objective approaches. The basis of the subjective approach is the examination of the existence of so-called predisposition on the part of the person to be subject to the procedure. Courts applying an objective approach, on the other hand, examine what the authority’s procedure was, i.e.. whether the undercover detective, undercover agent, investigating officer behaved in a way that went beyond offering the opportunity to commit a crime, i.e. provoked, encouraged or actively shaped at the time the crime occurred. The study examines the characteristics of the domestic legal institution of integrity test in the light of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It analyses the Hungarian regulations and their adequacy in accordance with the legal principles established by the court.
Alert Classification for the ALeRCE Broker System: The Real-time Stamp Classifier
Authors: Carrasco-Davis R. , Reyes E. , Valenzuela C. , Förster F. , Estévez P. A. , Pignata G. , Bauer F. E. , Reyes I. , Sánchez-Sáez P. , Cabrera-Vives G. , Eyheramendy S. , Catelan M. , Arredondo J. , Castillo-Navarrete E. , Rodríguez-Mancini D. , Ruz-Mieres D. , Moya A. , Sabatini-Gacitúa L. , Sepúlveda-Cobo C. , Mahabal A. A. , Silva-Farfán J. , Camacho-Iñiguez E. , Galbany L.
Published: November 2021

We present a real-time stamp classifier of astronomical events for the Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events broker, ALeRCE. The classifier is based on a convolutional neural network, trained on alerts ingested from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). Using only the science, reference, and difference images of the first detection as inputs, along with the metadata of the alert as features, the classifier is able to correctly classify alerts from active galactic nuclei, supernovae (SNe), variable stars, asteroids, and bogus classes, with high accuracy (∼94%) in a balanced test set. In order to find and analyze SN candidates selected by our classifier from the ZTF alert stream, we designed and deployed a visualization tool called SN Hunter, where relevant information about each possible SN is displayed for the experts to choose among candidates to report to the Transient Name Server database. From 2019 June 26 to 2021 February 28, we have reported 6846 SN candidates to date (11.8 candidates per day on average), of which 971 have been confirmed spectroscopically. Our ability to report objects using only a single detection means that 70% of the reported SNe occurred within one day after the first detection. ALeRCE has only reported candidates not otherwise detected or selected by other groups, therefore adding new early transients to the bulk of objects available for early follow-up. Our work represents an important milestone toward rapid alert classifications with the next generation of large etendue telescopes, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.
The Most Metal-poor Stars in the Magellanic Clouds Are r-process Enhanced*
Authors: Reggiani Henrique , Schlaufman Kevin C. , Casey Andrew R. , Simon Joshua D. , Ji Alexander P.
Published: November 2021

The chemical abundances of a galaxy’s metal-poor stellar population can be used to investigate the earliest stages of its formation and chemical evolution. The Magellanic Clouds are the most massive of the Milky Way’s satellite galaxies and are thought to have evolved in isolation until their recent accretion by the Milky Way. Unlike the Milky Way’s less massive satellites, little is known about the Magellanic Clouds’ metal-poor stars. We have used the mid-infrared metal-poor star selection of Schlaufman & Casey and archival data to target nine LMC and four SMC giants for high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectroscopy. These nine LMC giants with −2.4 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ −1.5 and four SMC giants with −2.6 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ −2.0 are the most metal-poor stars in the Magellanic Clouds yet subject to a comprehensive abundance analysis. While we find that at constant metallicity these stars are similar to Milky Way stars in their α, light, and iron-peak elemental abundances, both the LMC and SMC are enhanced relative to the Milky Way in the r-process element europium. These abundance offsets are highly significant, equivalent to 3.9σ for the LMC, 2.7σ for the SMC, and 5.0σ for the complete Magellanic Cloud sample. We propose that the r-process enhancement of the Magellanic Clouds’ metal-poor stellar population is a result of the Magellanic Clouds’ isolated chemical evolution and long history of accretion from the cosmic web combined with r-process nucleosynthesis on a timescale longer than the core-collapse supernova timescale but shorter than or comparable to the thermonuclear (i.e., Type Ia) supernova timescale.
New Families in our Solar Neighborhood: Applying Gaussian Mixture Models for Objective Classification of Structures in the Milky Way and in Simulations
Authors: Nikakhtar Farnik , Sanderson Robyn E. , Wetzel Andrew , Loebman Sarah , Sharma Sanjib , Beaton Rachael , Mackereth J. Ted , Poovelil Vijith Jacob , Zasowski Gail , Bonaca Ana , Martell Sarah , Jönsson Henrik , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André
Published: November 2021

The standard picture of galaxy formation motivates the decomposition of the Milky Way into 3–4 stellar populations with distinct kinematic and elemental abundance distributions: the thin disk, thick disk, bulge, and stellar halo. To test this idea, we construct a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for both simulated and observed stars in the solar neighborhood, using measured velocities and iron abundances (i.e., an augmented Toomre diagram) as the distributions to be decomposed. We compare results for the Gaia−APOGEE DR16 crossmatch catalog of the solar neighborhood with those from a suite of synthetic Gaia−APOGEE crossmatches constructed from FIRE-2 cosmological simulations of Milky Way mass galaxies. We find that in both the synthetic and real data, the best-fit GMM usesfiveindependent components, some of whose properties resemble the standard populations predicted by galaxy formation theory. Two components can be identified unambiguously as the thin disk and another as the halo. However, instead of a single counterpart to the thick disk, there are three intermediate components with different age and alpha abundance distributions (although these data are not used to construct the model). We use decompositions of the synthetic data to show that the classified components indeed correspond to stars with different origins. By analogy with the simulated data, we show that our mixture model of the real Gaia−APOGEE crossmatch distinguishes the following components: (1) a classic thin disk of young stars on circular orbits (46%), (2) thin disk stars heated by interactions with satellites (22%), (3, 4) two components representing the velocity asymmetry of the alpha-enhanced thick disk (27%), and (5) a stellar halo consistent with early, massive accretion (4%).
Tidal Response and Shape of Hot Jupiters
Authors: Wahl Sean M. , Thorngren Daniel , Lu Tiger , Militzer Burkhard
Published: November 2021

We study the response of hot Jupiters to a static tidal perturbation using the concentric MacLaurin spheroid method. For strongly irradiated planets, we first performed radiative transfer calculations to relate the planet’s equilibrium temperature, T
eq, to its interior entropy. We then determined the gravity harmonics, shape, moment of inertia, and static Love numbers for a range of two-layer interior models that assume a rocky core plus a homogeneous and isentropic envelope composed of hydrogen, helium, and heavier elements. We identify general trends and then study HAT-P-13b, the WASP planets 4b, 12b, 18b, 103b, and 121b, and Kepler-75b and CoRot-3b. We compute the Love numbers, k

nm
, and transit radius correction, ΔR, which we compare with predictions in the literature. We find that the Love number, k
22, of tidally locked giant planets cannot exceed a value of 0.6, and that the high T
eq consistent with strongly irradiated hot Jupiters tends to further lower k
22. While most tidally locked planets are well described by a linear regime response of k
22 = 3J
2/q
0 (where q
0 is the rotation parameter of the gravitational potential), for extreme cases such as WASP-12b, WASP-103b, and WASP-121b, nonlinear effects can account for over 10% of the predicted k
22. The k
22 values larger than 0.6, as they have been reported for planets WASP-4b and HAT-P13B, cannot result from a static tidal response without extremely rapid rotation and thus are inconsistent with their expected tidally locked state.
Lyα Line Properties at z = 3.78 and Their Environmental Dependence: A Case Study around a Massive Protocluster
Authors: Malavasi Nicola , Lee Kyoung-Soo , Dey Arjun , Xue Rui , Huang Yun , Shi Ke
Published: November 2021

Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) are easily detectable in the high-redshift universe and are potentially efficient tracers of large-scale structure at early epochs, as long as their observed properties do not depend strongly on environment. We investigate the luminosity and equivalent width functions of LAEs in the overdense field of a protocluster at redshift z ≃ 3.78. Using a large sample of LAEs (many spectroscopically confirmed), we find that the Lyα luminosity distribution is well represented by a Schechter function with

log
(

L

*

/

erg

s

−
1

)
=

43.26

−
0.22

+
0.20

and

log
(

ϕ

*

/

Mpc

−
3

)
=
−

3.40

−
0.04

+
0.03

with α = −1.5. Fitting the equivalent width distribution as an exponential, we find a scale factor of

ω
=

79

−
15

+
15

Å. We also measured the Lyα luminosity and equivalent width functions using the subset of LAEs lying within the densest cores of the protocluster, finding similar values for L* and ω. Hence, despite having a mean overdensity more than 2× that of the general field, the shapes of the Lyα luminosity function and equivalent width distributions in the protocluster region are comparable to those measured in the field LAE population by other studies at similar redshift. While the observed Lyα luminosities and equivalent widths show correlations with the UV continuum luminosity in this LAE sample, we find that these are likely due to selection biases and are consistent with no intrinsic correlations within the sample. This protocluster sample supports the strong evolutionary trend observed in the Lyα escape fraction and suggests that LAEs at lower redshift can be on average significantly more dusty that their counterparts at higher redshift.
Can Warm Absorbers Be Driven by Ultra-fast Outflows?
Authors: Bu De-Fu , Yang Xiao-Hong
Published: November 2021

Warm absorbers (WAs) located approximately in the region of 1–1000 pc are common phenomena in many active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The driving mechanism of WAs is still under debate. Ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) that are launched very close to the central black hole are also frequently observed in AGNs. When UFOs move outward, they collide with the interstellar medium (ISM) gas. In this paper, we study the possibility that WAs can be generated by the interaction between ISM gas and the UFOs. We find that under some ISM gas conditions, WAs can be generated. However, the covering factor of WAs is much smaller than that given by observations. This indicates that other mechanisms should also be at work. We also find that the properties of the WAs mainly depend on the density of the ISM injected into the computational domain from the outer radial boundary (1000 pc). The higher the density of the ISM is, the higher the mass flux and kinetic power of the WAs will be. The kinetic power of the UFO-driven WAs is much less than 1% of the bolometric luminosity of the host AGNs. Therefore, the UFO-driven WAs might not contribute sufficient feedback to the host galaxy.
Goodyera medogensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from Tibet, China
Authors: Yi-Hua Tong , Sun Mei , Wang Bing-Mou , Tian Huaizhen
Published: November 2021

A new species of Goodyera (Orchidaceae) from Tibet, China, G. medogensis, is described and illustrated here. This new species is most morphologically similar to G. hemsleyana, but differs by the thick grid lines of reticulations with blurred margin on adaxial surface of leaf blades, inflorescence with more flowers, petals obliquely obovate-rhombic, labellum yellow or yellowish, without lamella on blade, and floral bracts, sepals and ovary with non-glandular trichomes. Molecular phylogenetic study also supports that G. medogensis is a new species and belongs to G. subsection Reticulum.
BEXIS2: A FAIR-aligned data management system for biodiversity, ecology and environmental data
Authors: Chamanara Javad , Gaikwad Jitendra , Gerlach Roman , Algergawy Alsayed , Ostrowski Andreas , König-Ries Birgitta
Published: November 2021

Obtaining fit-to-use data associated with diverse aspects of biodiversity, ecology and environment is challenging since often it is fragmented, sub-optimally managed and available in heterogeneous formats. Recently, with the universal acceptance of the FAIR data principles, the requirements and standards of data publications have changed substantially. Researchers are encouraged to manage the data as per the FAIR data principles and ensure that the raw data, metadata, processed data, software, codes and associated material are securely stored and the data be made available with the completion of the research.

We have developed BEXIS2 as an open-source community-driven web-based research data management system to support research data management needs of mid to large-scale research projects with multiple sub-projects and up to several hundred researchers. BEXIS2 is a modular and extensible system providing a range of functions to realise the complete data lifecycle from data structure design to data collection, data discovery, dissemination, integration, quality assurance and research planning. It is an extensible and customisable system that allows for the development of new functions and customisation of its various components from database schemas to the user interface layout, elements and look and feel.

During the development of BEXIS2, we aimed to incorporate key aspects of what is encoded in FAIR data principles. To investigate the extent to which BEXIS2 conforms to these principles, we conducted the self-assessment using the FAIR indicators, definitions and criteria provided in the FAIR Data Maturity Model. Even though the FAIR data maturity model is developed initially to judge the conformance of datasets, the self-assessment results indicated that BEXIS2 remarkably conforms and supports FAIR indicators. BEXIS2 strongly conforms to the indicators Findability and Accessibility. The indicator Interoperability is moderately supported as of now; however, for many of the lesssupported facets, we have concrete plans for improvement. Reusability (as defined by the FAIR data principles) is partially achieved.

This paper also illustrates community deployment examples of the BEXIS2 instances as success stories to exemplify its capacity to meet the biodiversity and ecological data management needs of differently sized projects and serve as an organisational research data management system.
Two new species and a new combination from Zhejiang, East China
Authors: Lu Yi-Fei , Xu Yue-Liang , Xie Wen-Yuan , Zhang Hong-Wei , Zheng Zi-Hong , Cai Xin , Jin Xiao-Feng
Published: November 2021

As the supplement of the flora of Zhejiang, East China, two new species were described with illustrations. Cerastium huadingense Y.F.Lu, W.Y.Xie & X.F.Jin (Caryophyllaceae) differs from C. qingliangfengicum in having sterile stems absent, leaves sessile, petals slightly longer than sepals, and stamens slightly shorter than sepals. Ixeridium dimorphifolium Y.L.Xu, Y.F.Lu & X.Cai (Asteraceae) differs from I. beauverdianum in having plant stoloniferous, basal leaves dimorphic, involucre 8‒10 mm long, inner phyllaries 8, and florets 7‒10. Paraphlomis setulosa C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li (Lamiaceae) was reviewed and morphological characters of the corolla and stamens of its type and the specimens collected in the field survey were critically examined. With barbate anthers and strongly divergent anther cells, Paraphlomis setulosa was transferred to Sinopogonanthera, and S. setulosa (C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li) H.W.Zhang & X.F.Jin was consequently combined.
Les clivages et la structuration des systèmes partisans
Authors: Delwit Pascal
Published: November 2021

En 1967, Seymour Martin Lipset et Stein Rokkan théorisent la notion de clivage dans le domaine politique. Lignes de démarcation sociale forte qui se traduisent politiquement, les clivages s’expriment dans des espaces circonscrits, l’État-nation. L’amenuisement des communautés, l’affaiblissement des délimitations territoriales et la déstructuration d’identités sociétales ou politiques diversifient les comportements et élargissent les conflits politiques, donnant naissance à de possibles nouveaux clivages et à certaines reformulations de la théorie des clivages.