bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of bevacizumab chemotherapy on craniotomy wound healing
Authors: Clark Aaron J. , Butowski Nicholas A. , Chang Susan M. , Prados Michael D. , Clarke Jennifer , Polley Mei-Yin C. , Sughrue Michael E. , McDermott Michael W. , Parsa Andrew T. , Berger Mitchel S. , Aghi Manish K.
Published: December 2010

Object

The FDA approval of bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma has resulted in its increased use in this patient population. Phase II trials reported 4%–6% impaired wound healing for bevacizumab initiated postoperatively. The effect of preoperative bevacizumab on subsequent craniotomy healing has not been addressed.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of patients who underwent craniotomy for recurrent glioblastoma between 2005 and 2009, evaluating bevacizumab therapy/duration and healing complications (dehiscence, pseudomeningocele, CSF leak, and wound/bone infection). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare continuous variables between groups. The Fisher exact test was used to assess for an association between categorical variables, including the comparison of wound-healing complication rates. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of wound-healing complications while adjusting for baseline variables.

Results

Two hundred nine patients underwent a second craniotomy (161 patients) or third craniotomy (48 patients) for recurrent glioblastoma. Twenty-six individuals (12%) developed wound-healing complications. One hundred sixty-eight patients received no bevacizumab, 23 received preoperative bevacizumab, and 18 received postoperative bevacizumab. Significantly more patients receiving preoperative bevacizumab developed healing complications (35%) than non–bevacizumab-treated patients (10.0%, p = 0.004). Postoperative bevacizumab was associated with 6% impaired healing, not significantly different from non–bevacizumab-treated controls (p = 1.0). Preoperative bevacizumab treatment duration (weeks) did not influence healing (OR 0.98, p = 0.55). More healing complications occurred in patients receiving preoperative bevacizumab than in non–bevacizumab-treated controls before the third craniotomy (44% vs 9%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Although subject to the limitations of a retrospective study, we demonstrate that preoperative bevacizumab treatment resulted in impaired healing after a second and third craniotomy, compared with minimal effect of postoperative bevacizumab. This effect is more striking for the third craniotomy and for a shorter delay between bevacizumab and surgery. These complications should be acknowledged as increased bevacizumab use results in more post–bevacizumab-treated patients in whom surgery for recurrent glioblastoma is considered. Based on these results, the authors recommend performing repeated craniotomy more than 28 days after last administered dose of bevacizumab whenever possible.
Endoscopic supraorbital extradural approach to the cavernous sinus: a cadaver study
Authors: Komatsu Fuminari , Komatsu Mika , Inoue Tooru , Tschabitscher Manfred
Published: December 2010

Object

The cavernous sinus is a small complex structure located at the central base of the skull. Recent extensive use of endoscopy has provided less invasive approaches to the cavernous sinus via endonasal routes, although transcranial routes play an important role in the approach to the cavernous sinus. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of the purely endoscopic transcranial approach to the cavernous sinus through the supraorbital keyhole and to better understand the distorted anatomy of the cavernous sinus via endoscopy.

Methods

Eight fresh cadavers were studied using 4-mm 0° and 30° endoscopes to develop a surgical approach and to identify surgical landmarks.

Results

The endoscopic supraorbital extradural approach was divided into 4 stages: entry into the extradural anterior cranial fossa, exposure of the middle cranial fossa and the periorbita, exposure of the superior cavernous sinus, and exposure of the lateral cavernous sinus. This approach provided superb views of the cavernous sinus structures, especially through the clinoidal (Dolenc) triangle. The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, including the infratrochlear (Parkinson) triangle and anteromedial (Mullan) triangle, was also clearly demonstrated.

Conclusions

An endoscopic supraorbital extradural approach offers excellent exposure of the superior and lateral walls of the cavernous sinus with minimal invasiveness via the transcranial route. This approach could be an alternative to the conventional transcranial approach.
Hydrocephalus associated with vestibular schwannomas: management options and factors predicting the outcome
Authors: Gerganov Venelin M. , Pirayesh Ariyan , Nouri Mohsen , Hore Nirjhar , Luedemann Wolf O. , Oi Shizuo , Samii Amir , Samii Madjid
Published: December 2010

Object

The current, generally accepted optimal management for hydrocephalus related to vestibular schwannomas (VSs) is primary tumor removal, with further treatment reserved only for patients who remain symptomatic. Previous studies have shown, however, that this management can lead to an increase in surgery-related complications. In this study, the authors evaluated their experience with the treatment of such patients, with the aim of identifying the following: 1) the parameters correlating to the need for specific hydrocephalus treatment following VS surgery; and 2) patients at risk for developing hydrocephalus-related complications.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of a 400-patient series. The complication rates and outcomes following primary hydrocephalus treatment versus primary VS removal were compared. Patients undergoing primary tumor removal were further subdivided on the basis of the need for subsequent hydrocephalus treatment. The 3 categories of parameters tested for correlation with the need for such subsequent treatment as well as with heightened risk for developing complications were patient-, tumor-, and hydrocephalus-related.

Results

Of the entire series, 53 patients presented with hydrocephalus. Forty-eight of 53 patients underwent primary VS surgery, of whom 42 (87.5%) did not require additional hydrocephalus treatment. Of the 6 patients who did require additional hydrocephalus treatment, only 3 ultimately required a VP shunt. Factors correlating to the need of hydrocephalus treatment after VS removal were large tumor size, irregular tumor surface, and severe preoperative hydrocephalus. Patients with a longer symptom duration prior to surgery, those with polycyclic tumors, or with inhomogeneous VS, were at heightened risk for the development of CSF leaks. The general and functional outcome of surgery showed no correlation to the presence of preoperative hydrocephalus.

Conclusions

Primary tumor removal is the optimum management of disease in patients with VS with associated hydrocephalus; it leads to resolution of the hydrocephalus in the majority of cases, and the outcome is similar to that of patients without hydrocephalus. Certain factors may aid in identifying patients at risk for developing persistent hydrocephalus as well as those at risk for CSF leaks.
Sulfonation of Phenalenone Revisited: Preparation and Characterisation of Sodium 1H-Phenalene-1-One-5-Sulfonate
Authors: Benniston Andrew C. , Bunn Alex
Published: December 2010

Treatment of 1H-phenalen-1-one in 95% H2SO4 at 180 °C for 2 days yields a highly water soluble red dye. Although a previous literature report, under similar conditions, described this reaction as producing the 2-substituted sulfonato adduct, the 1H NMR spectrum we obtained for the product was inconsistent with the proposed structure. A detailed 1H NMR spectroscopic study, however, using 1H–1H spin-decoupling and steady-state NOE-difference experiments revealed the product to be 1H-phenalen-1-one-5-sulfonate. Despite the extended planar aromatic π-system typical linear Beer-Lambert behaviour, up to a concentration of ca 2mM, is observed for a solution of the dye in phosphate-buffered water.
Four-component Reaction between Aryl Aldehydes, Ethyl Cyanoacetate and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate in the Presence of Cyclohexyl Isocyanide
Authors: Anary-Abbasinejad Mohammad , Hassanabadi Alireza , Aiinparast Farzaneh
Published: December 2010

A four-component reaction between aryl aldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of cyclohexyl isocyanide has been developed. The reaction furnishes highly functionalised cyclopentadienes in moderate to good yields in a one-pot process.
Synthesis, Reactions and Antitumour Screening of new Enaminones
Authors: Shawali Ahmad S.
Published: December 2010

A new series of enaminones derived from 3-acetyl-1-aryl-4-benzoyl-5-phenyl-1 H-pyrazoles has been obtained and their reactions with hydrazine hydrate, guanidine hydrochloride, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 2-aminobenzimidazole and active methylenenitriles are described. The mechanisms and regioselectivity of the studied reactions are discussed. The results of screening of the antitumor activity of the enaminones against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 revealed that the compounds showed less activity than that of the reference drug doxorubicin. Their activity was found to depend on the nature of the substituent group on the 1-aryl moiety. The order of activity of the series is: H > 4–Cl > 4-MeO > 4-Me > 4-NO2.
A Diphosphino-Functionalised MCM-41-Anchored Platinum Complex: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Hydrosilylation of Olefins
Authors: Zha Lingfang , Hao Wenyan , Cai Mingzhong
Published: December 2010

A diphosphino-functionalised MCM-41 anchored platinum complex (MCM-41-2P-Pt) was conveniently synthesised from commercially available and cheap γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane via immobilisation on MCM-41, followed by reactiopn with diphenylphosphinomethanol and potassium chloroplatinite. It was found that the title complex is a highly efficient catalyst for the hydrosilylation of olefins with triethoxysilane and can be recovered and recycled by a simple filtration of the reaction solution and used for at least 10 consecutive reactionss without any decrease in activity.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of novel biphenyl derivatives containing furan and thiophene groups
Authors: Li Bao , Liu Bin , Li Qian , Fang Haiyan , Yu Mingxin
Published: December 2010

( Z)-2-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl)acrylonitrile and ( Z)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-3- (thiophen-2-yl)acrylonitrile were prepared by condensation of furan-2-carbaldehyde and thiophene-2-carbaldehyde with (4-bromophenyl)acetonitrile in the presence of catalytic amount of NaOCH3 at room temperature. A series of novel biphenyl derivatives containing furan and thiophene groups was synthesised from (Z)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl)acrylonitrile and ( Z)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-3- (thiophen-2-yl)acrylonitrile via Suzuki coupling to arylboronic acids. The structures of these compounds were characterised by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the novel compounds in CH2Cl2 solution were investigated.
One-pot Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Naphthyridine Derivatives
Authors: Zheng Hui , Liu Juan , Zhang Pengfei
Published: December 2010

A one-pot synthetic route was developed to synthesise novel naphthyridine derivatives from amino acids and a series of new naphthyridines was prepared and characterised by IR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassay results reveal that they have medium antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus, Escherichia coli and Monilia albican. The compounds containing aliphatic amino acids have greater bioactivity than that of those containing aromatic amino acids against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Synthesis and Kinetic Studies of Mono-Schiff Base Manganese(Iii) and Cobalt(Ii) Complexes with Aza-Crown Ether or Morpholino Pendants as Synthetic Hydrolases for P-Nitrophenyl Picolinate
Authors: Li Jian-Zhang , Lu Yan , Wei Lei , Hu Wei , Qin Sheng-Ying
Published: December 2010

Two mono-Schiff base manganese(III) and cobalt(II) complexes with benzo-10-aza-crown ether pendants (MnL12Cl, CoL12), and the analogues with morpholino pendants (MnL22Cl, CoL22) have been synthesised and employed as models for hydrolase enzymes to promote the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP) in buffer solution. A kinetic model of PNPP cleavage catalysed by these complexes is proposed. The effects of the structures of the complexes and reaction temperature on the rate of PNPP hydrolysis have been examined. All four complexes exhibit high catalytic activity and the rate increases with pH. In comparison with the crown-free analogues MnL22Cl and CoL22, the crowned Schiff base complexes MnL12Cl and CoL12 exhibit higher catalytic activity for promoting PNPP hydrolysis.
Thermodynamics and Dynamic Kinetics of the Oxidation of Selenomethionine to Methionine Selenoxide: A Dft Study
Authors: Liu Qingyang , Bei Yiling
Published: December 2010

In order to investigate the stability of selenomethionine (SeMet), the oxidation reaction of selenomethionine (SeMet) with an oxygen atom was studied by the density function theory (DFT) method. The structures of reactants, transition state and products were fully optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G** level. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations were carried out to ensure the validity of the reaction path. The thermodynamic functions, namely entropy, enthalpy, free energy and equilibrium constant, and the reaction rate constant k in Eyring transition state theory, were also calculated. It has been shown that the SeMet oxidation process is favoured at lower temperatures, which might have implications for the storage stability of selenomethionine (SeMet) at lower temperatures.
The Glacial Drifts of the Leinster Mountains
Authors: Farrington A.
Published: December 2010

Five glacial phases are recognized in the area described. Two of these are represented by the deposits of ice-sheets from the north-east and north-west respectively; the other three were of local origin. The materials composing the drifts differ sufficiently to enable the stratigraphy to be seen clearly. This shows that the local ice caps alternated with the invading ice sheets—which brings out a point of considerable climatological interest in that it is clear that the local ice advanced not simultaneously with the invading ice sheets but alternated with them. The order in which the five phases occurred is well established, but the importance of the intervals between the phases is at present uncertain.
II. Temperature Measurements in Polar Ice
Authors: Court Arnold
Published: December 2010

Accurate measurements by electrical means of temperatures at various levels in shelf ice, glaciers or ice caps are of themselves insufficient; they must be accompanied by data on densities at the same levels and on incoming and outgoing radiation, as well as other things. Depths of measurements must be known accurately, and changes in them due to changes in surface level must be recorded. Levels chosen should be , 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 m., and readings (if repeated to ensure accuracy) need be taken only once daily down to 4 m. and weekly or so at lower levels. Measurements should be free of external influences such as heat from buildings or deep drifts. Only when all other necessary data are available and all precautions observed will it be possible to explain the thermal structure of the ice sheet as shown by the sub-surface measurements of temperature.
The Problem of Short period measurements of Snow Ablation
Authors: Hurley Richard C.
Published: December 2010

A simple equation is developed for ablation in a snow cover on the basis of the principle of conservation of mass. Sinking of the snow surface as measured with ablation stakes or ablatographs is commonly accepted as a measure of ablation. In so doing, a principal term associated with density changes in the snow with time in the above-mentioned equation is neglected. In a few investigations, ablation was determined from sinking of the snow surface alone, and also by other methods. These investigations demonstrated errors in the calculated ablation values resulting from neglect of density changes in the order of 15–20 per cent for long observation periods, and as great as 65 per cent for short observation periods. The terms are also discussed which must be measured to determine short period values of melting and evaporation of the snow for analyses of the heat exchange at a snow surface.
Measurements of Diurnal Variations in Snow Albedo on Lemon Creek Glacier, Alaska
Authors: Hubley Richard C.
Published: December 2010

Two Eppley pyrheliometers were used to measure incoming and reflected sun and sky radiation over a saturated, melting snowpack. Albedo values computed from these measurements varied strongly, not only with snow surface conditions, but also diurnally with the angle of the sun, and from clear to cloudy skies. On clear days minimum albedo in the afternoon was approximately 35 per cent less than the maximum in early morning; a secondary maximum occurred at sunset. Also, midday albedos were higher under cloudy skies than under clear skies. These variations appear to relate primarily to changes in angle of incident radiation, and secondarily to changes in the physical structure of the snow surface. Spectral changes in incident radiation are also a possible factor.
Kaolin Model Glaciers
Authors: Lewis W. V. , Miller Maynard M.
Published: December 2010

A mixture of approximately one part of water to two parts of kaolin (china clay) has proved suitable for making model glaciers on scales between 1 : 1000 and 1 : 10,000. The kaolin “glaciers” crevasse and flow realistically, and slide on their beds. They serve well for qualitative demonstrations, and some simple preliminary quantitative experiments suggest that they may also be useful for this purpose.
British Ruwenzori Expedition, 1952 Glaciological Observations—Preliminary Report
Authors: Bergström Erik
Published: December 2010

Glaciological studies during the British Ruwenzori Expedition, 1052, included assessment of the extent of Pleistocene glaciation and detailed study of the late-glacial and post-glacial fluctuations of two of the glaciers originating in the Stanley Plateau. Correlation between photographs taken by earlier expeditions, the stratigraphy of lake site excavations and lichen re-colonization provide a good preliminary basis for assessing the climatic fluctuations. Stratification in existing glaciers appears to link up satisfactorily with meteorological observations to indicate two ablation phases annually.
Instruments and Methods: A Shear-creep System for Studying Grain-boundary Behaviour in Ice
Authors: Ignat M. , Ricou G.
Published: December 2010

We present here a shear-creep apparatus. This has been designed to study grain-boundary behaviour in ice bi-crystals. The design and dimensions of this apparatus were determined by taking into account the results of earlier tests, performed on the same types of sample. Improvement with the new device is obtained; it allows a displacement with two degrees of freedom in the grain-boundary plane, and direct observations of micro-structural changes during the test.
Water-Pressure Coupling of Sliding and Bed Deformation: I. Water System
Authors: Alley R.B.
Published: December 2010

Analysis of the likely behavior of a water system developed between ice and an unconsolidated glacier bed suggests that, in the absence of channelized sources of melt water, the system will approximate a film of varying thickness. The effective pressure in such a film will be proportional to the basal shear stress but inversely proportional to the fraction of the bed occupied by the film. These hypotheses allow calculation of the sliding and bed-deformation velocities of a glacier from the water supply and basal shear stress, as discussed in the second and third papers in this series.
Force Budget: III. Application to Three-dimensional Flow of Byrd Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Whillans I.M. , Chen Y.H. , Van Der Veen C.J. , Hughes T.J.
Published: December 2010

Stresses at the surface and at depth are calculated for a stretch of Byrd Glacier, Antarctica. The calculations are based on photogrammetrically determined velocities and elevations, and on radio-echo-determined ice thicknesses. The results are maps of drags from each valley wall, of normal forces laterally and longitudinally, and of basal drag. Special challenges in the calculation are the numerical gridding of velocity, ensuring that unreasonable short-wavelength features do not develop in the calculation, and inference of ice thickness where there are no data.

The results show important variations in basal drag. For the floating part, basal drag is near zero, as expected. Within the grounded part, longitudinal components of basal drag are very variable, reaching 300 kPa with a dominant wavelength of 13 km. Generally, these drag maxima correlate with maxima in driving stress. Usually the across-glacier component of basal drag is small. An important exception occurs in the center of the grounded part of the glacier where the flow shows major deviations from the axis of the valley.

Other results are that side drag is roughly constant at 250 kPa along both margins of the glacier, tension from the ice shelf is about 100 kPa, and tension in the grounded part cycles between 250 and 150 kPa. Calculated deep velocities are too large and this is attributed to deficiencies in the conventional isotropic flow law used.
Ice-marginal Depositional Processes In A Polar Maritime Environment, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica
Authors: Fitzsimons Sean J.
Published: December 2010

This study investigates the processes of ice-marginal sedimentation in Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. Most debris is released from the ice when basal and englacial debris bands become warped and reach the surface of the glacier and where the debris bands are exposed by ablation of the ice surface. Once released, the debris is redistributed in the ice-marginal area by depositional processes that are controlled by the availability of water. During the short summer, melt water from snow and ice saturates the newly released debris and causes sediment flows and other mass-movement deposits. Melt-out and sublimation tills form after the layer of debris on the moraines is consolidated and melting rates decrease. When the thickness of deposits on the surface of ice-cored moraines reaches or exceeds the depth of summer thawing, the ice core no longer melts and the moraines become semi-permanent features. The sediments and land forms of the ice-marginal area closely resemble those formed by sub-polar glaciers with a complex thermal regime and are unlike those that form at the margins of dry-based polar glaciers. Although glacier thermal regime is understood to be a major control on debris dispersal and processes of glacial sedimentation, the evidence from Vestfold Hills suggests that the primary control is the climate of the glacier terminus area.
Correction Of Air-content Measurements In Polar Ice For The Effect Of Cut Bubbles At The Surface Of The Sample
Authors: Martinerie P. , Lipenkov V.Ya. , Raynaud D.
Published: December 2010

Air content (V) of polar ice has been used as an indicator of the past elevation of the ice sheets. A calculation is presented to correct V measurements performed on ice samples for the effect of cut bubbles at their surface. The results indicate a correction ranging from 1 to 10% for cubic ice samples with about 3 cm length. The correction depends mainly on the size of the bubbles. The theoretical calculation is experimentally verified. The statistical noise linked with the presence of a finite number of bubbles in the ice samples is evaluated. The influence of such a correction on the V profiles measured on polar ice cores is discussed. The method in this paper can also be used for correction of ice-density data obtained by the hydrostatic method.
Thermal Expansion Coefficients For Sea Ice
Authors: Johnson Jerome Β. , Metzner Ronald C.
Published: December 2010

Coefficients of thermal linear expansion were determined for sea ice using a Michelson interferometer. Over a temperature range of −4 °to −15 °C, the coefficients varied from 45 ×10−6 to 54×10−6 °C−1 for ice with a salinity of 2 ppt, and from 33 ×10−6 to 53 ×10−6 °C−1 for ice with a salinity of 4 ppt. Initially, warming the sea ice resulted in coefficients that were the same as those for fresh-water ice, within the limits of experimental error. Subsequent sea-ice cooling resulted in coefficients that were initially lower than those for fresh-water ice, but that asymptotically approached the coefficient values for fresh-water ice at colder temperatures. On the second warming and cooling cycle, the coefficients of thermal linear expansion exhibited hysteresis and a decrease in magnitudes. We have also shown that Pettersson’s (1883) and Malmgren’s (1927) measurements of the thermal volume expansion of sea ice were the result of phase transitions that caused brine expulsion, when air-free sea ice was cooled, and internal porosity increases, when sea ice was warmed.

Our results indicate that Petterson’s (1883) and Malmgren’s (1927) measurements of the thermal volume expansion of sea ice are in error. Consequently, theoretical descriptions based on their results are incorrect (Anderson, 1960; Zubov and Savelyev (given in Doronin and Kheisin (1977)); Doronin and Kheisin, 1977). Our results for the initial sea-ice warming cycle do agree with Cox’s (1983) analysis.
Bond Strength—Coordination Number Fluctuation Model of Viscosity: An Alternative Model for the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann Equation and an Application to Bulk Metallic Glass Forming Liquids
Authors: Ikeda Masahiro , Aniya Masaru
Published: December 2010

The Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation has been used extensively in the analysis of the experimental data of temperature dependence of the viscosity or of the relaxation time in various types of supercooled liquids including metallic glass forming materials. In this article, it is shown that our model of viscosity, the Bond Strength—Coordination Number Fluctuation (BSCNF) model, can be used as an alternative model for the VFT equation. Using the BSCNF model, it was found that when the normalized bond strength and coordination number fluctuations of the structural units are equal, the viscosity behaviors described by both become identical. From this finding, an analytical expression that connects the parameters of the BSCNF model to the ideal glass transition temperature T0 of the VFT equation is obtained. The physical picture of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts relaxation function in the glass forming liquids is also discussed in terms of the cooperativity of the structural units that form the melt. An example of the application of the model is shown for metallic glass forming liquids.
Experimental Models for Assaying Microvascular Endothelial Cell Pathophysiology in Stroke
Authors: Camós Susanna , Mallolas Judith
Published: December 2010

It is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neuron death following stroke in order to develop effective neuroprotective strategies. Since studies on human stroke are extremely limited due to the difficulty in collecting post-mortem tissue at different time points after the onset of stroke, brain ischaemia research focuses on information derived from in-vitro models of neuronal death through ischaemic injury [1]. This review aims to provide an update on the different in-vitro stroke models with brain microvascular endothelial cells that are currently being used. These models provide a physiologically relevant tool to screen potential neuroprotective drugs in stroke and to study the molecular mechanisms involved in brain ischaemia.
Antioxidant Activities of Total Phenols of Prunella vulgaris L. in Vitro and in Tumor-bearing Mice
Authors: Feng Liang , Jia Xiaobin , Zhu Mao-Mao , Chen Yan , Shi Feng
Published: December 2010

Prunella vulgaris L. (PV, Labiatae) is known as a self-heal herb. The different extracts of dried spikes were studied for the best antioxidant active compounds. The 60% ethanol extract (P-60) showed strong antioxidant activity based on the results of 2,2’-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS˙+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay methods. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC/MS analysis showed that the main active compounds in P-60 were phenols, such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, rutin and quercetin. Total phenols were highly correlated with the antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.9988 in ABTS˙+; 0.6284 in DPPH and 0.9673 FRAP tests). P-60 could inhibit significantly the tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice. It can also been showed that increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum of tumor-bearing mice. These results suggested that P-60 extract had high antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo and total phenols played an important role in antioxidant activity for inhibition of tumor growth.
Application of Object Based Classification and High Resolution Satellite Imagery for Savanna Ecosystem Analysis
Authors: Gibbes Cerian , Adhikari Sanchayeeta , Rostant Luke , Southworth Jane , Qiu Youliang
Published: December 2010

Savanna ecosystems are an important component of dryland regions and yet are exceedingly difficult to study using satellite imagery. Savannas are composed are varying amounts of trees, shrubs and grasses and typically traditional classification schemes or vegetation indices cannot differentiate across class type. This research utilizes object based classification (OBC) for a region in Namibia, using IKONOS imagery, to help differentiate tree canopies and therefore woodland savanna, from shrub or grasslands. The methodology involved the identification and isolation of tree canopies within the imagery and the creation of tree polygon layers had an overall accuracy of 84%. In addition, the results were scaled up to a corresponding Landsat image of the same region, and the OBC results compared to corresponding pixel values of NDVI. The results were not compelling, indicating once more the problems of these traditional image analysis techniques for savanna ecosystems. Overall, the use of the OBC holds great promise for this ecosystem and could be utilized more frequently in studies of vegetation structure.
Travellers, patients and warriors in English, Dutch and French economic discourse
Authors: Boers Frank , Demecheleer Murielle
Published: December 2010

Metaphor is a basic cognitive ability which allows us to conceive of abstract domains of experience. « Abstract reasoning » is essentially a matter of mapping the structure of a (concrete) source domain onto an abstract target domain. This metaphorical mapping is by definition partial : a given metaphor highlights some aspects of an abstract domain, but leaves other aspects in the dark. As such, metaphor involves potential bias which can be exploited for reasons of persuasion and manipulation. The « logic » of a metaphor' s source domain is largely preserved in our conception of the target domain. This also holds for the domain of economics. Our reasoning about economics may be predisposed by a number of conventional metaphorical models. Those conventional metaphors of a given community are a reflection ofthat community's conventional patterns of thought and its prevailing ideologies (at that time). Frequency of occurrence can be taken as an indication of« conventionality ». In this framework, the present article offers an analysis of a few conventional metaphorical models in economic discourse advocating a free market ideology. Comparable samples of English, Dutch and French economic discourse show striking differences in frequencies and distribution of the metaphors under examination. These observations may support a (modified) version of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis, even at the level of closely related languages.
Anna Barbara van Meerten-Schilperoort (1778-1853) : Feminist Pioneer ?
Authors: Van Essen Mineke
Published: December 2010

Grâce à ses activités pédagogiques, littéraires, journalistiques et philanthropiques, Anna Barbara Van Meerten-Schilperoort (1778-1853) fut l'une des femmes néerlandaises les plus productives de son époque. Ses publications et l'exemple de sa propre vie offrirent aux femmes bourgeoises de la première moitié du XIXe siècle un nouvel idéal de féminité caractérisé notamment par des notions d'éducation, de patriotisme et de philanthropie. En prenant l'initiative des associations de femmes à caractère social, elle fut l'une des pionnières du mouvement des femmes aux Pays-Bas.

La question centrale de cet article est de savoir si elle fut également une féministe au sens où on l'entendait à la fin du XIXe siècle. La réponse à cette question est principalement négative. La hiérarchie masculine/féminine de l'époque ne fut pas menacée par Anna Barbara Van Meerten-Schilperoort. Elle ne prônait pas les vertus de l'égalité des droits, bien au contraire, elle insistait sur la subordination de la femme à l'homme. Son image de la femme correspondait ainsi aux conceptions dominantes de l'époque ; en conséquence, ses contemporains du sexe masculin réagirent de façon positive à ses activités publiques et la laissèrent participer à leurs réseaux pédagogiques, même si elle devait toujours rester une profane à leurs yeux. Une lecture attentive de sa biographie permet cependant de mettre en évidence quelques traces de féminisme sous les traits de l'ambition, de l'indépendance et de la volonté de faire carrière. Un projet réalisé en 1816 pour une école normale primaire pour institutrices - dont l'existence ne fut découverte que récemment - montre en outre une attitude ambivalente relativement aux différences entre les sexes. Malgré sa foi totale en le fait que les hommes et les femmes sont différents, et que chacun doit apporter sa propre collaboration à la société, elle préconise dans ce document une éducation égale pour tous.
Achiral bis-imine in combination with CoCl2: A remarkable effect on enantioselectivity of lipase-mediated acetylation of racemic secondary alcohol
Authors: Arunkumar K , Reddy M Appi , Kumar T Sravan , Kumar B Vijaya , Chandrasekhar K B , Kumar P Rajender , Pal Manojit
Published: December 2010

A bis-imine (prepared via a new FeCl3-based method) in combination with CoCl2 facilitated lipase-mediated acetylation of the (R)-isomer of a racemic benzylic secondary alcohol with 91% ees. The methodology was used for the preparation of the known drug rivastigmine.
Experimentation and numerical simulation of steel fibre reinforced concrete pipes
Authors: De la Fuente Albert , Domingues de Figueiredo Antonio , Aguado Antonio , Molins Climent , Chama Neto Pedro Jorge
Published: December 2010

The results concerning on an experimental and a numerical study related to SFRCP are presented. Eighteen pipes with an internal diameter of 600 mm and fibre dosages of 10, 20 and 40 kg/m3 were manufactured and tested. Some technological aspects were concluded. Likewise, a numerical parameterized model was implemented. With this model, the simulation of the resistant behaviour of SFRCP can be performed. In this sense, the results experimentally obtained were contrasted with those suggested by means MAP reaching very satisfactory correlations. Taking it into account, it could be said that the numerical model is a useful tool for the optimal design of the SFRCP fibre dosages, avoiding the need of the systematic employment of the test as an indirect design method. Consequently, the use of this model would reduce the overall cost of the pipes and would give fibres a boost as a solution for this structural typology.
Semantic Web for Program Administration
Authors: Memon Qurban A , Khoja Shakeel
Published: December 2010

Typically, administrative systems involving information in an academic environment are disjoint, spread across various departments and support independent queries. The objectives in this work include investigation on integrating these independent systems to provide support to intelligent queries run on the integrated platform. A framework is proposed that enriches data in the legacy systems to provide a value-added semantic layer where annotation, query and reasoning can be carried out to support management requirements. The development of this framework with a case study of a typical engineering program is discussed to show how semantic web technologies can be used by stack holders of the program for better academic program administration. The comparative work is described to show applications where semantic web have been explored. The issues related to implementation of the semantic web to academic program administration are also highlighted and discussed.
Participation under Compulsion
Authors: Grell Petra , Rau Franco
Published: December 2010

Benefits of Social Software in teaching and learning are a research subject of great interest, especially in higher education. Even though the opportunities to encourage studentsâ?? participation are promising, there is a neglected area we intend to illuminate: heteronomy. Compulsion and external control are used to foster participation. In our study we examined 16 international evaluation and research papers which describe the implementation of Social Software to enhance studentsâ?? participation within courses. Several contradictions within these descriptions were revealed. One may realise that students pretend to â??play the game
Beyond LMS: Expanding Course Experience with Content Collaboration and Smart Assignment Feedback
Authors: Bosnić Ivana , Orlić Marin , Žagar Mario
Published: December 2010

Tools for content collaboration among students and teachers and automated assignment verification have been introduced to students of a third-year computing course. Collaborative work on lecture slides promotes content openness to students via a new open perspective and improves the quality of lectures among other benefits. Assignment verification helps students resolve most common problems giving immediate feedback on their submissions. WikiPres and ORVViS applications developed to assist in these tasks are introduced and presented.
Carcinogenic Habits of Tribals is It Inherited or Acquired, which Causes Oral Cavity Cancer: A Survey Report from Upper Northern Tribal Area of Andhra Pradesh (India)
Authors: Ramachandra Naik Balachandra
Published: December 2010

Khammam is the district of tribals in the Andhra Pradesh (India). Recently, we have conducted a study on oral cavity cancer in this tribal area and found that the incidence of oral cancer was 13.04%, male to female ratio was 1.03 : 1 and the incidence of oral cancer in youths (between 21 and 30 years) was 4.85%, which was too much compared with the global previous studies.

So, we decided to find the cause for the high incidences of oral cavity cancer among the youths, by conducting survey and by direct interviewing the youths at their villages and at their towns separately for the comparison between both locality youths. Also we undertook clinical examination of their oral cavity to find the presence of any pathological lesions. We prepared the proformas well in advance containing various parameters which cause oral cavity cancer and conducted mass interview of 3,000 youths both at rural and urban places separately. Master chart of both places was prepared and compared the differences between these two localities, to find the cause for increase in incidences oral cavity cancer. In rural area, out of 3,000 youths, 2,907 (96.9%) (including 1,605 male and 1,302 females) had various combination of habits whereas, in urban area, among 3,000 male youths, only 953 (31.76%) had various combination of habits. Illiteracy status in rural area was 77.56% and in the urban area, it is 13.23%. Among the youths having habits, various types of chewing habits in rural area were seen in 2,722 (93.69%) youths. In urban area, it was seen in 934 (98%). Among all 3,000 youths of each locality, oral cavity hygiene was unhygienic in 2,387 (79.56%) youths of the rural area whereas, in the urban area it is seen in 1109 (36.96%). Premalignant changes were seen 21 rural youths, but not in urban residents.

Education has vital role in rural area to control the chewing habits, for which media role and legislative act to ban the tobacco chewing should be mandatory to reduce the incidence of oral cavity cancer among the youths of tribal villages.
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas: A Rare Differential
Authors: Krishnamurthy Arvind , Srinivas Satish K , Vasanthan A , Divyaambica CV , Sathasiva Subramanium S , Majhi U , Krishnakumar R
Published: December 2010

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a condition characterized by periosteal reaction of tubular long bones and characteristic bulbous deformity of the digital tips with synovial effusion. It is usually encountered in conjunction with diseases involving the lungs, mediastinum, heart, pleura and gastrointestinal tract. The occurrence of HOA as a paraneoplastic manifestation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare and only a handful of cases have been reported in literature and that too in the pediatric age group. An association with pulmonary metastasis was often described in these case reports. We present a case of HOA associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a 20 years old gentleman in the absence of pulmonary metastasis.
Laser Resection of Subglottic Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Kumar R , Nair D , Pai P , Chaturvedi P
Published: December 2010

Tumors arising from the minor salivary glands in the larynx are rare. The most common tumors occurring here are adenoid cystic carcinomas.1 Among the benign tumors, pleomorphic adenoma is the most common.1 We present a case of subglottic pleomorphic adenoma which was managed by endolaryngeal endoscopic CO2laser surgery. Laser as a primary treatment modality for the treatment of subglottic pleomorphic adenomas has not been well-described, as only one case has been reported in literature using this modality.
Pterygoid Muscle Transposition for Reconstruction of Small Posterior Defect Along with Primary Closure Following Surgery for Oral Cancers: A Novel Technique
Authors: Lerra Sandeep
Published: December 2010

A novel method for the primary reconstruction of the defect in the posterior oral cavity following excision of retromolar trigone (RMT) is described. It uses a combination of lateral pterygoid flap along with primary closure of the residual floor of mouth mucosa and buccal mucosa for primary repair of the defect.

This is a functionally satisfactory and simple reconstructive procedure with a shorter operation time and hence can be used for reconstruction in high-risk patients. To the best of our knowledge, this technique of primary repair of posterior oral cavity has not been described in literature.
CREATIVE THINKING AND LEARNING STYLES IN UNDERGRADUATE AGRICULTURE STUDENTS
Authors: Friedel Curtis R. , Rudd Rick D.
Published: December 2010

Creativity is multidimensional and still not completely understood by psychologists. Much research has given evidence that cognitive style of creative thinking is independent of cognitive level of creative thinking. However, is a student’s learning style similar to their cognitive style of creative thinking? This study attempted to examine the presence or absence of relationships between student learning styles and student creative thinking. To determine this relationship the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking and the Gregorc Style Delineator were given to students enrolled in an oral communication course offered by the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication at the University of Florida. The researchers found no significant relationships between creative thinking ability and learning style, except for Abstract Random learners who scored lower in the creativity constructs of fluency and elaboration. Also, students scored high in the creative construct of elaboration with mean scores in the 99th percentile and originality was the only creativity construct with mean scores below the 75th percentile. The results of this study indicate that more research is needed in the area of learning styles and creative thinking.
The vapor pressures and activities of dicarboxylic acids reconsidered: the impact of the physical state of the aerosol
Authors: Soonsin V. , Zardini A. A. , Marcolli C. , Zuend A. , Krieger U. K.
Published: December 2010

Abstract. We present vapor pressure data of the C2 to C5 dicarboxylic acids deduced from measured evaporation rates of single levitated particles as both, aqueous droplets and solid crystals. The data of aqueous solution particles over a wide concentration range allow us to directly calculate activities of the dicarboxylic acids and comparison of these activities with parameterizations reported in the literature. The data of the pure liquid state acids, i.e. the dicarboxylic acids in their supercooled melt state, exhibit no even-odd alternation in vapor pressure, while the acids in the solid form do. This observation is consistent with the known solubilities of the acids and our measured vapor pressures of the supercooled melt. Thus, the gas/particle partitioning of the different dicarboxylic acids in the atmosphere depends strongly on the physical state of the aerosol phase, the difference being largest for the even acids. Our results show also that, in general, measurements of vapor pressures of solid dicarboxylic acids may be compromised by the presence of polymorphic forms, crystalline structures with a high defect number, and/or solvent inclusions in the solid material, yielding a higher vapor pressure than the one of the thermodynamically stable crystalline form at the same temperature.
A Multi-sensor Upper Tropospheric Ozone Product (MUTOP) based on TES ozone and GOES water vapor: derivation
Authors: Felker S. R. , Moody J. L. , Wimmers A. J. , Osterman G. , Bowman K.
Published: December 2010

Abstract. The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), a hyperspectral infrared instrument on the Aura satellite, retrieves a vertical profile of tropospheric ozone. However, polar-orbiting instruments like TES provide limited nadir-view coverage. This work illustrates the value of these observations when taken in context with information about synoptic-scale weather patterns. The goal of this study is to create map-view products of upper troposphere (UT) ozone through the integration of TES ozone measurements with two synoptic dynamical tracers of stratospheric influence: specific humidity derived from the GOES Imager, and potential vorticity from an operational forecast model. As a mixing zone between tropospheric and stratospheric reservoirs, the upper troposphere (UT) exhibits a complex chemical makeup. Determination of ozone mixing ratios in this layer is especially difficult without direct in-situ measurement. However, it is well understood that UT ozone is correlated with dynamical tracers like low specific humidity and high potential vorticity. Blending the advantages of two remotely sensed quantities (GOES water vapor and TES ozone) is at the core of the Multi-sensor Upper Tropospheric Ozone Product (MUTOP). Our approach results in the temporal and spatial coverage of a geostationary platform, a major improvement over individual polar overpasses, while retaining TES's ability to characterize UT ozone. Results suggest that over 70% of TES-observed UT ozone variability can be explained by correlation with the two dynamical tracers. MUTOP reproduces TES retrievals across the GOES-West domain with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 19.2 ppbv. There are several advantages to this multi-sensor derived product approach: (1) it is calculated from 2 operational fields (GOES specific humidity and GFS PV), so the layer-average ozone can be created and used in near real-time; (2) the product provides the spatial resolution and coverage of a geostationary platform as it depicts the distribution of dynamically driven ozone in the UT; and (3) the 6 h temporal resolution of the imagery allows for the visualization of rapid movement of this dynamically-driven ozone in the UT. This paper presents the scientific basis and methodology behind the creation of this unique ozone product, as well as a statistical comparison of the derived product to a set of coincident TES observations.