bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIGITALIZATION OF THE PROCESSES OF PROVIDING SOCIAL SUPPORT MEASURES TO CITIZENS AS A FACTOR IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF STATE BUDGETARY ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, SADOVSKAYA TATYANA
Published: November 2021

Relevance of the study. Given the significant budget expenditures on the digital transformation of government bodies and social policy, the large number of recipients of state support measures, the urgent need for digital services, the initiatives taken by the state to create a single platform for targeted social support of citizens (social treasury) within the emerging domestic ecosystem are of particular interest. Research objectives. The objectives of the study are to analyze the current state of digitalization of the processes of assigning and providing basic support measures, to establish and identify guidelines and needs of legal regulation, to study potential opportunities for implementing a platform approach in the field of social security to improve the efficiency of state budgetary activities. Conclusions. The legal guidelines for improving the processes of providing social support measures are strategic planning documents, the full implementation of which requires a comprehensive study and the creation of the necessary regulatory framework. To date, the principle of targeting and the targeted nature of budgetary funds in relation to the provision of social support measures has not been properly implemented, and therefore the comprehensive state social policy does not fully ensure the achievement of the goals and objectives. The introduction of an innovative model of the social treasury, the primary source of information for which will be the reference data of the federal population register, will bring the process of budget administration in the field of social security to a qualitatively new level, reduce the risks of non-fulfillment by the state of its obligations, will contribute to strengthening the culture of publicity and openness of management decision-making processes, the development of accountability of authorities at all levels to society for achieving national development goals.
Üçüncü basamak bir hastanede Legionella Pneumophila üriner antijen test sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SAMLIOĞLU Pınar
Published: November 2021

GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Legionella cinsi bakteriler, su ve havalandırma sistemlerindeki sularda çoğalabilir, geniş sıcaklık ve pH aralıklarında yaşayabilirler. İnsanlarda grip benzeri üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu (Pontiak Ateşi) ile duyarlı kişilerde ölümcül seyredebilen alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarına (Pnömoni, Lejyoner Hastalığı) neden olabilirler bu nedenle toplum sağlığı açısından önemli bakterilerdir.

Legionella pnömonisinin (LP) tanısının erken teşhisi ve tedaviye erken dönemde başlanması yüksek orandaki mortalitesini engellemek için çok önemlidir. LP tanısında sıklıkla kullanılan idrar antijen testleri, toplum kökenli pnömonilerde etiyolojik tanıya yardımcı olan hızlı ve basit testlerdir. Üriner antijen testlerinin (UAT) kullanımı pnömonide hızlı bir şekilde antibiyotik tedavisine başlamaya yardımcı olabilmektedir.

Bu çalışmadaki amacımız laboratuvarımızda beş yıllık sürede yapılan Legionella üriner antijen test sonuçlarını retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesidir.

GEREÇ-YÖNTEM: Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı’na 01.01.2016-30.09.2021 tarihleri arasında gelen idrar örnekleri retrospektif olarak incelenmişir. İdrar örnekleri Legionella antijen testi (Mascia Brunelli s.p.a., Legionella Pneumophila Card test, İtalya) ile üretici firma önerileri doğultusunda çalışılmıştır.

BULGULAR: Laboratuvarımıza 100 idrar örneği Legionella antijen testi yapılması istemiyle gönderilmiştir. 100 örnekten 99 tanesi (%99) negatif saptanmıştır. Dahiliye Genel Servisi’nden gelen bir (%1) örnekte zayıf pozitiflik saptanmıştır.

TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Legionella pnömonisi özellikle altta yatan diabet gibi kronik hastalığı olanlarda ilerleyici seyredebilmektedir. Üriner antijen testleri tedaviye hızlı başlamak için önemlidir. Tanıyı destekleyici klinik bulguları ile birlikte testin değerlendirilmesi önem taşımaktadır.
TRANSMISSION OF HOLOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ON A SINGLE SIDEBAND
Authors: Pazoev Artem L. , Shoydin Sergey A.
Published: November 2021

When holographic information is transmitted through communication channels, a problem arises associated with the large capacity of holograms. In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2707582, the possibility of compressing holographic information was shown, similar to the transmission on one sideband known in radio electronics. The experimental transmission of such compressed information over a Wi-Fi wireless communication channel with a frame rate of more than 25 frames per second is shown in this paper. The experiment of transmitting holographic information of 3D images over a wireless Wi-Fi communication channel to simulate 3D video using the FTP protocol was carried out. In accordance with the RF patent No. 2707582, each transmitted frame of a 3D image was the sum of two 2D frames-a texture (2000x2000 pixels) and a mask (1000x1000 pixels). To simulate the transmission of a video sequence, packets of 500 double frames were transmitted simultaneously. The transmission times of these frame packets measured in real time by FileZilla showed that the transmission of full holographic information about a 3D object in real time with a frame rate greater than 25 frames / sec. quite feasible.
SIMULATION OF INSTABILITIES OF QUANTUM FREQUENCY STANDARDS FOR PROBLEMS OF TIME SERVICES AND NAVIGATION
Authors: Tissen Victor M. , Tolstikov Alexander S. , Tomilov Andrey S.
Published: November 2021

In the article, two models of instability of quantum frequency standards (QFS) are considered. This is a generally accepted stochastic model that describes the effect of noise with different frequencies on the stability of the clock and the simulation model proposed by the authors of this article, based on the Monte Carlo method and a software random number generator. Based on simulation results, a comparative analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the proposed QFS model in comparison with the classical model was carried out. The results of modeling, which showed good convergence with the accepted theoretical assumptions, are presented. The rationale for the feasibility of using the proposed model in the processing of navigation measurements is given. The possibilities of increasing the accuracy of synchronization of remote sets of reference time are shown.
ESTIMATION OF APPLICATION EFFICIENCY OF THE PR30-HVS LEVELER IN DIFFERENT MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS
Authors: Simonova Galina V.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to comparative analysis of accuracy of horizontal positioning measurement results for different measurement conditions. Performing work of this type refers to a number of applied tasks that require high accuracy of the horizontal arrangement of objects. For the purposes under consideration, laser levelers are often used. Currently, the market offers many models of this type of devices. As a rule, the documents accompanying provide metrological characteristics with an indication of one specific distance, for which the result indicated and, in most cases, the influence of measurement conditions on the error of results obtained is not considered. However, for long distances or difficult operating conditions (rain, dust), a significant increase in the error should be expected due to peculiarities of laser radiation and its transportation in the environment.
CALCULATION OF DUAL-BAND HOLOGRAPHIC LENS
Authors: Batomunkuev Yury Ts. , Pechenkina Alexandra A.
Published: November 2021

The paper proposes two-component holographic systems with two working spectral ranges: infrared and visible spectral ranges.
APPLICATION OF OPTICAL DIFFRACTOMETRY FOR THE ERROR MONITORING OF MANUFACTURING OF PRECISION OPTICAL ELEMENTS
Authors: Shimansky Ruslan V. , Kostyanichnikov Andrey Yu. , Kuts Roman I. , Belousov Dmitriy A. , Korolkov Victor P.
Published: November 2021

The work is devoted to an experimental study of the effectiveness of the method for measuring errors in manufacturing of computer-generated synthesized holograms using specialized marks. Each mark represents two aligned diffraction gratings with the same duty cycle and period, the first of which is formed before writing, and the second is formed in the process of forming the structure of the hologram. To determine the writing error, the method of optical diffractometry was used. The results of an experimental study of dependence of diffraction efficiency of the mark on the mutual displacement of parts of the microgratings are presented. The error manufacturing of a synthesized hologram arising during long-term writing of a diffractive optical element has been simulated experimentally.
MODERN PORTABLE SHORT-RANGE RADAR STATIONS
Authors: Litovchenko Vladimir A. , Bardachevsky Nikolai N. , Kolomakin Alexander V.
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the creation of radar reconnaissance equipment capable of operating effectively in any climatic conditions.
DESIGNING MICROWAVE BAND ATTENUATORS AS ELECTRIC FILTERS WITH LOSSES
Authors: Aubakirov Constantine Y. , Makeev Alexander V.
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the results of modeling attenuators with an attenuation of 1,2 dB and 1,8 dB, based on a harmonic filter with resistive inserts. Resistive inserts were introduced into the low-resistance sections of the harmonic filter, and resistive loops were connected to the high-resistance sections of the filter. An implementation of a 10 dB attenuator based on a quasi-polynomial bandpass filter with losses is proposed. The working frequency band of such attenuators reaches 4 GHz.
ANALYSIS OF ACTUAL SECURITY ASPECTS OF MODERN INFORMATION SPACE
Authors: Ovchinnikova Elena A.
Published: November 2021

The article examines some acute contradictions between the global world system and national states in the aspect of development of principles of the rule of law in the context of total informatization, and also draws attention to the need to develop information legislation, taking into account the specifics of the domestic system of law and the interests of the Russian Federation as a sovereign state.
HYBRID 3D PRINTER FOR LAYER-BY-LAYER FORMATION OF STRUCTURES WITH CONDUCTIVE TOPOLOGY
Authors: Bessmeltsev Victor P. , Goloshevsky Nikolay B. , Katasonov Denis H.
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the main characteristics and functionality of a hybrid 3D-printer created at the Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, containing a portal recording system with dispenser heads for digital inkjet printing and a laser scanning system for subsequent post-processing with precise alignment software. The formation zone is located on a mobile platform moving along the Z coordinate. This design makes it possible, by layer-by-layer additive synthesis, to form three-dimensional structures with given local conductivity.
METHODS FOR HEATING CONTROL OF GRAPHITE TUBE IN ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZER OF ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER
Authors: Kolosov Nikita А. , Boldova Svetlana S. , Vaschenko Pavel V.
Published: November 2021

The research is devoted to the assessment of changes in the degree of blackness (emittance) and electrical resistance of graphite tubes in the electrothermal atomizer of an atomic absorption spectrometer as they wear out. A joint change of these parameters effects on the heating of the atomizer, and, consequently, on the absorption signals of the elements of the periodic table. The heating of the atomizer is controlled by feedback on the temperature, measured using a brightness pyrometer, the measurements of which depend on degree of blackness of the graphite cuvette. Evaluation of the change in the emissivity was carried out by measuring the temperature of the cuvette with a spectral pyrometer, the measurements of which are independent of the emissivity of the controlled object. The electrical resistance, which effects on the heating rate of the cuvette, was calculated after measuring the current and voltage between the contacts of the atomizer. According to the results of the research, we can say that the main contribution to the change in the heating parameters of graphite tubes as they wear out is made by the varying emissivity.
Düşey Düzensizliğe Sahip Betonarme Yapıların Performans Analizi
Authors: Mert Necati , Ahmadi Najibullah , Kasap Hüseyin
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada betonarme yapılarda düzenli bir referans yapı modelinden farklı 4 model ayrı ayrı oluşturularak elde edilen düşey düzensizlik durumunun yapısal davranışı incelenmiştir. Referans modeli, 30x30m toplam 900m2 taban alanına sahip, x ve y akslarında 6 açıklıklı, simetrik olmayan düzenli bir yapı sistemine sahiptir. Referans modelden oluşturulan 4 modelin kat alanları farklı şekillerde azaltılmıştır ve her modelin kendine özgü farklı düzensizlikleri bulunmaktadır. Tüm modeller, zemin katta 3,2 metre, normal katlara 3 metre kat yüksekliğine sahip olmak üzere 10 katlı betonarme çerçeve sistemlerdir. Modellerde 1. derece deprem bölgesi ve ZC zemin sınıfı dikkate alınmıştır. Tüm modellerin analizinde SAP2000 sonlu elemanlar analiz programı kullanılmıştır.
Calibration of RC Columns Using Fiber Elements
Authors: Caglar Fazil Abdulkadir , Tatar Tuba
Published: November 2021

Although experimental studies have proven as the most effective method, its high cost has provoked researchers to seek alternative approaches. The increase in computational power in the 21st century provides the opportunity to numerically model experimental studies with various programs. This study examines the comparison of force-based element and displacement-based element in columns using nonlinear fiber elements. Within the scope of the study, OpenSees program is employed for columns selected from the PEER (Structural Performance Database) site. The aim is to compare the employment of the FB element and DB elements in RC columns in terms of number of elements and integration points, to simulate the global behavior of the columns numerically, and to optimize the parameters that affect the results.
Does Resilience Mediate the Association of Adverse Early Childhood Experiences With Emotional and Behavioural Problems?
Authors: Lackova Rebicova Miriama , Dankulincova Veselska Zuzana , Husarova Daniela , Madarasova Geckova Andrea , Jansen Danielle E. M. C. , van Dijk Jitse P. , Reijneveld Sijmen A.
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To explore the role of resilience as a mediator in the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) among adolescents.

Methods: We used data from the Slovak 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, comprising 2,839 adolescents aged 13–15 (mean age 13.93; 49.6% boys). We used multivariate linear regression performed on 5000 bootstrap samples adjusted for age, gender, family affluence to explore mediation of the associations between ACE (measured using the adapted Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire) and EBP (measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) by resilience (measured with the Child and Youth Resilience Measure).

Results: We found ACE [B = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67|0.90] and resilience (B = −0.73; 95% CI: −0.79|−0.67) to be significantly associated with EBP. The association of ACE and EBP was mediated by resilience. The mediated indirect effect of resilience was ab = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.18|0.32.

Conclusion: Resilience seems to play a mediator role in the relationship between ACE and EBP. Helping adolescents with ACE to build and use internal and external sources of resilience can decrease the negative impact of ACE on EBP.
Identifying Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Candidate Therapeutic Drugs of Gastric Cancer Based on Transcriptomics and Single-Cell Sequencing
Authors: Zhao Xu , Wu Shuang , Jing Jingjing
Published: November 2021

Background and Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is an important health burden and the prognosis of GC is poor. We aimed to explore new diagnostic and prognostic indicators as well as potential therapeutic targets for GC in the current study.

Methods: We screened the overlapped differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from GSE54129 and TCGA STAD datasets. Protein-protein interaction network analysis recognized the hub genes among the DEGs. The roles of these genes in diagnosis, prognosis, and their relationship with immune infiltrates and drug sensitivity of GC were analyzed using R studio. Finally, the clinically significant hub genes were verified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data.

Results: A total of 222 overlapping genes were screened, which were enriched in extracellular matrix-related pathways. Further, 17 hub genes were identified, and our findings demonstrated that BGN, COMP, COL5A2, and SPARC might be important diagnostic and prognostic indicators of GC, which were also correlated with immune cell infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and sensitivity of therapeutic drugs. The scRNA-seq results further confirmed that all four hub genes were highly expressed in GC.

Conclusion: Based on transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing, we identified four diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of GC, including BGN, COMP, COL5A2, and SPARC, which can help predict drug sensitivity for GC as well.
Modelo de recuperación de créditos castigados y la generación de utilidades en el sistema bancario peruano 2017 al 2020
Authors: Munsibay-Muñoa Manuel Alberto , Cavero-Egúsquiza-Vargas Lauralinda Leonor , Orderique-Torres José De La Rosa , Zárate-Gavidia Jenny Yessica
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo cuyo título es modelo de recuperación de créditos castigados y la generación de utilidades en el sistema bancario peruano 2017 al 2020 surgió por el interés de identificar medidas para reducir el riesgo de las instituciones financieras y especialmente los bancos. El objetivo de la investigación es implementar un modelo de recuperación de créditos castigados, los cuales son difíciles de cobrar. La metodología empleada fue de tipo aplicativo, enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental y descriptivo, la técnica utilizada fue el análisis documental y el instrumento fue la ficha técnica de sistematización. Los resultados obtenidos después de aplicar el modelo, se determinó un VANE incremental de $2.69 millones de dólares y una TIRE de 121%, con estos resultados se acepta el modelo propuesto y de acuerdo al análisis de sensibilidad se deduce que el incremento de la recuperación de la cartera castigada luego de la aplicación del modelo debe ser superior a 17.25%, obteniendo una TIR del 121.00%. Se concluye que las utilidades del sistema bancario en el 2020 han sido positivas, la banca múltiple obtuvo 2,111.57 millones de soles, con respecto al año 2019 que obtuvo una cifra récord de 9,082.31 millones de soles, para los años 2018 al 2020 la cartera refinanciada ha tenido un incremento de 22%, 2% y 36% con respecto al año anterior respectivamente y la cartera atrasada (vencida más la judicializada) ha tenido un incremento de 7%, 8% y 43% con respecto al año anterior respectivamente.
Competitividad de operadores logísticos: un análisis bibliométrico en la base de datos Scopus, 2017 - 2021
Authors: García-Huamantumba Elvira , Hidalgo-Tupia Manuel Alberto , Martin-Bogdanovich María Mini
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue realizar el análisis de la Competitividad de operadores logísticos a través de un estudio bibliométrico en la base de datos Scopus, 2017 – 2021. La estrategia de búsqueda consideró la selección de publicaciones en el idioma inglés de la base de datos Scopus. El algoritmo de búsqueda utilizado fue competitiveness of logistics operators, vinculado al título del artículo, resumen y palabras claves, se filtraron los siguientes tipos de documentos: article, book, book chapter, conference paper, editorial and review, fueron ordenados por su relevancia. El número de documentos seleccionados fue 148, con un total de 428 autores, de los cuales 404 registraron un documento y 24 autores registraron entre dos a más documentos, también se identificó 523 palabras claves. Se concluyó que las tendencias actuales de desarrollo a nivel mundial, se enfocan en el equilibrio entre el desarrollo sostenible económico, social y ambiental. La producción científica anual sobre el tema es aún escasa, habiéndose logrado en el año 2020 la cifra récord de 42 artículos, publicados en las revistas Sustainability (Switzerland), International Journal Of Logistics Management y Journal Of Cleaner Production. El documento de mayor citación es el de Ansari ZN (2017). Se identificó 404 autores que publicaron un artículo y sólo 2 autores han publicado 4 artículos cuyo aporte no llegan ni al 1%. La mayor colaboración entre países es entre China, Reino Unido, Estados Unidos e India. Los temas de tendencias se orientan al Supply chain management.
La enseñanza remota en la autonomía para el aprendizaje de estudiantes de universidades latinoamericanas
Authors: Armesto-Céspedes Miguel Sebastián , Vallejos-Armas Rony Isaac , Medina-Coronado Daniela , Bartra-Rivero Karina Raquel
Published: November 2021

La educación entendida como un proceso en el que la sociedad proyecta sus valores, roles y traslada conocimiento para que sus ciudadanos puedan aplicarlas de la mejor manera para mejorar su entorno y calidad de vida, cuenta con sus propios modelos, estrategias y medios para poder llevar a cabo el proceso formativo. Sin embargo, estas se han adecuado ante los cambios y circunstancias adversas producto de la pandemia producida por el Covid 19.  Entre estos cambios, la virtualidad evidenciada en la educación remota se ha erigido como una solución real dentro de este contexto. El mundo ha tenido que adaptarse, y Latinoamérica se ha enfrentado a la pandemia con sus modelos, estructuras y actores educativos como mejor ha podido, obteniendo resultados e impactos diversos. El objetivo del presente artículo está orientado a analizar las experiencias desarrolladas por las universidades de diversos países de la región y su impacto en la autonomía en el aprendizaje en estudiantes del pregrado, en el marco de la enseñanza remota por emergencia. Para su desarrollo, se ha recurrido a la revisión de diversos artículos de bases de datos de acceso abierto en español y publicadas durante el periodo de pandemia. Entre los resultados más relevantes se aprecia que la planificación para la enseñanza y la acción docente son claves para que los estudiantes aprendan de forma significativa y se promuevan las habilidades para la autogestión de los aprendizajes, en aquellas experiencias de réplica de la enseñanza presencial, no se observan resultados auspiciosos.
Perfil emprendedor de los estudiantes de la carrera de Economía de la Universidad Técnica de Machala en presencia del COVID-19
Authors: Campuzano-Vásquez John Alexander , Cedillo-Chalaco Luis Fernando
Published: November 2021

Las universidades y los institutos tecnológicos ecuatorianos vienen desde hace algún tiempo implementando estrategias educativas curriculares para fomentar el emprendimiento entre sus educandos, bien sea, mediante asignaturas, concursos, ferias, etc., el énfasis de estas propuestas sigue direccionándose a las carreras empresariales e industriales. La presencia del virus pandémico covid-19 desde el año 2020, ha provocado un retroceso en los mercados mundiales y locales, aumento del desempleo, reducción de ventas y desaceleración de la dinámica empresarial ecuatoriana; por lo que se hace necesario identificar si la presencia de esta enfermedad ha incidido en el perfil emprendedor de quienes acuden a las universidades a formarse; para ello, se utilizó una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo y correlacional, que permitió evaluar el perfil emprendedor de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Economía de la Universidad Técnica de Machala. Para alcanzar este objetivo se usó un test de actitudes que se basa en 29 preguntas y otras tantas sub preguntas orientadas a la creación de empresas. Este test fue usado en España y Puerto Rico en varias universidades por Veciana y Urbano en 2004 y que ha sido adaptado para la presente investigación. Se encuentra que, los estudiantes se perciben como emprendedores, poseen un adecuado perfil emprendedor (aunque ambas correlacionen moderadamente), y la no existencia de diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el perfil emprendedor entre los estudiantes de todos los semestres analizados.
Aircraft Configuration Parameter Boundaries Based on Closed-Loop Flying Qualities Requirements
Authors: Wang Lixin , Yang Kun , Zhao Peng , Yue Ting
Published: November 2021

For aircraft employing the fly-by-wire technique, the closed-loop dynamic characteristics are determined by both the configuration design and the flight control system. As the capacity of the control system has certain limitations, the configuration parameters are also constrained by the requirements of the closed-loop flying qualities. This paper presents an aircraft configuration parameter boundaries determination method based on closed-loop flying qualities requirements independent of the actual flight control law design, mainly aiming at the parameters that affect the stability and control characteristics. First, a nonlinear dynamic inversion-based flight control law is adopted to decouple the control law gains from the configuration parameters and to study the relationship between the configuration parameters and closed-loop flying qualities. Second, a flying qualities evaluation scheme is established by selecting the most severe flight conditions and the evaluation criteria that are most sensitive to changes in the parameters. Finally, the parameter boundaries according to the requirements of Level 1 flying qualities are determined by searching for the critical values that lead to degradation of the flying qualities. The proposed method is verified by an application example of the design ranges of a sample aircraft’s wing position, horizontal tail area, center of gravity, vertical tail area and vertical tail position.
A Concurrent Testing Facility Approach to Validate Small Satellite Combined Operations
Authors: Nieto-Peroy Cristóbal , Sabatini Marco , Palmerini Giovanni , Jeronimo de Oliveira Élcio
Published: November 2021

Federated remote laboratories allow for the execution of experiments ex situ. The coordination of several laboratories can be used to perform concurrent experiments of combined space operations. However, the latency of the communications between facilities is critical to performing adequate real-time experiments. This paper presents an approach for conducting coordinated experiments between floating platforms at two remote laboratories. Two independently designed platforms, one at Luleå University of Technology and the other at La Sapienza University of Rome, were established for this purpose. A synchronization method based on the Simple Network Time Protocol was created, allowing the offset and delay between the agents to be measured.Both platforms exchange data about their measured time and pose through a UDP/IP protocol over the internet. This approach was validated with the execution of simulated operations. A first demonstrative experiment was also performed showing the possibility to realize leader/follower coordinated operations. The results of the simulations and experiments showed communication delays on the order of tens of milliseconds with no significant impact on the control performance. Consequently, the suggested protocol was proven to be adequate for conducting coordinated experiments in real time between remote laboratories.
A County-Scale Spillover Ecological Value Compensation Standard of Ecological Barrier Area in China: Based on an Extended Emergy Analysis
Authors: He Jia , Li Yi , Zhang Lianjun , Tan Junyin , Wen Chuanhao
Published: November 2021

Ecological compensation (EC) is an important way to solve the imbalance of cross-regional economic development and realize regional coordinated development. How to quantify the standard of EC has become a hot research topic. Firstly, this paper selected the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) as the study area, and constructed a cross-regional spillover ecological value measurement model based on the extended emergy analysis. From the perspective of the “ecology–economy–society” complex ecosystem, this paper used emergy to reflect the social, economic, and ecological function and service value of the TGRR, and estimated the ecosystem emergy supply and consumption in the TGRR. Then, comparing the watershed ecosystem emergy supply and consumption, we can judge the status of the ecological surplus and deficit of the TGRR, and transfer the spillover ecological emergy to spillover ecological value (SEV) by using the emergy currency ratio (ECR). Finally, combined with different actual payment level coefficient, we can obtain a relatively objective and robust compensation standard. The results show that the SEV of the TGRR in 2016 is 2.70 × 1011 USD, which indicates that the TGRR is in the state of ecological surplus. The TGRR should get EC about 2.85 × 1011 USD according to the ECR. Based on the research results, it is suggested to expand the transfer payment to the TGRR. At the same time, it is suggested to formulate different ecological compensation standard (ECS) according to regional differences, which has important practical significance to establish the allocation standard of EC, and provides a typical case basis for other large reservoir areas or typical reservoir areas.
Assessing Food Insecurity and Its Drivers among Smallholder Farming Households in Rural Oyo State, Nigeria: The HFIAS Approach
Authors: Otekunrin Olutosin A. , Otekunrin Oluwaseun A. , Sawicka Barbara , Pszczółkowski Piotr
Published: November 2021

Hunger and food insecurity take center stage in most debates in Africa, and in recent times with serious concerns about Nigeria. This study assessed food insecurity among farming households in rural Oyo State, Nigeria, using cross-sectional datasets from 211 farming households through a multi-stage sampling procedure. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) module was employed in assessing food insecurity status of farming households, and the ordered logit model (OLM) was used to analyze factors influencing food insecurity among farming households. The results revealed that 12.8% of the farming households were food secure while 87.2% had varying levels of food insecurity. The OLM results indicated that age, household head’s years of schooling, gender, farm size, farm experience, non-farm income, food expenditure, and access to extension service significantly influenced food insecurity among farming households. Based on the findings, efforts should be geared towards promoting households’ education-related intervention programs in order to improve their nutrition-related knowledge that can enhance their food security status. Additionally, there should be provision of rural infrastructural facilities such as piped water, rural electrification, and healthcare service that promote healthy living and enhance households’ agricultural productivity.
Negative Pressure Irrigation System Reduces Soil Nitrogen Loss for Lettuce during Greenhouse Production
Authors: Gao Xiang , Zhang Shuxiang , Song Yanyan , Long Huaiyu
Published: November 2021

Negative pressure irrigation (NPI) to grow crops reduces the application of fertilizer and water while also promoting yield and quality. However, plantation vegetables usually require a large input of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in a greenhouse setting, which will lower the soil quality and accelerate the emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore planting lettuce under an NPI system that retrenches N fertilizer application and mitigates N2O emissions compared with conventional irrigation (CI). This research proved that under NPI conditions, nitrate and ammonium fluctuated slightly in the soil, stabilizing in the range of 18–28 mg kg−1, while that of CI was 20–55 mg kg−1. The NPI alleviated N2O emissions, and NPI-N150 and NPI-N105 decreased them by 18% and 32%, respectively, compared with those for CI-N150. The main explanation was that the NPI inhibited the formation of NO3−-N, reduced the copies number of AOA and AOB as well as the abundance of Nitrospira in the soil, and weakened the soil nitrate reductase and urease activities. The results of this research provide a reliable scientific method for reducing the use of water and N fertilizer while cultivating lettuce, as well as for reducing N2O emissions from agricultural facilities.
Potential of Sunflower-Legume Intercropping: A Way Forward in Sustainable Production of Sunflower in Temperate Climatic Conditions
Authors: Babec Brankica , Šeremešić Srđan , Hladni Nada , Ćuk Nemanja , Stanisavljević Dušan , Rajković Miloš
Published: November 2021

The ongoing climate change, coupled with the transformations of cultivation practices and land use in sole crop production, may cause a significant decline in sunflower yield stability. Considering that the sunflower is the third oilseed in the world oilseed market, with 45 million tons of grain per year, and that it takes the fourth position in the vegetable oil market, the implementation of sustainable growing technology in sunflower production is a necessity. Considering the above, the goal of the research was to analyze and recommend sustainable sunflower production technology in intercropping systems. A four-year trial was conducted in Serbia’s agroecological conditions (45∘34′23.2′′ N 19∘86′18.9′′ E) using a split-plot design. Two oil-type hybrids and one confectionary-type hybrid were intercropped with common vetch, red clover, and alfalfa. Common vetch × sunflower intercropping resulted in the decrease in almost all sunflower traits. Moreover, sunflower × alfalfa intercropping proved to be the most appropriate. The yield of NS Gricko and Rimi PR were statistically on the same level with sole cropping, while alfalfa biomass had better results after alfalfa was intercropped with NS Gricko, as compared to sole cropping. In view of the prevailing belief that yields are more stable in intercropping than in sole cropping, further research is needed in this respect, in addition to further research of the time and method of sowing.
Development and Applications of an In Situ Probe for Multi-Element High-Resolution Measurement at Soil/Sediment-Water Interface and Rice Rhizosphere
Authors: Zhao Meng , Liu Jiang , Zhang Chuangchuang , Liang Xuefeng , E Qian , Liu Rongle , Zhao Yujie , Liu Xiaowei
Published: November 2021

The biogeochemistry of multi-elements, such as sulfur (S), phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As), is interlinked especially at interfaces of soil/sediment–water and plant rhizosphere. To explore the biogeochemical behavior of multi-elements such as S-P-As at interfaces, an in situ and high-resolution technology is required. In this study, we developed an in situ probe (LDHs-DGT) based on the diffusive gradients in thin-films technique using a single binding layer to realize the co-measurement of multi-elements including sulfide and oxyanions. Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized and incorporated into the probe’s binding layer. Laboratorial characterization showed that the LDHs-DGT probe had a high capacity for sulfide, phosphate and arsenate and can effectively determine their levels across a wide range of solution conditions, i.e., pH from 5 to 8 and ionic strengths from 0.005–0.01 mol L−1 NaNO3. The application potential of the LDHS-DGT probe in capturing the concentration profiles of sulfide and oxyanions across the soil/sediment–water interface at a centimeter scale was demonstrated. The synchronous co-variations of labile sulfide and phosphate were observed along an intact river sediment core, demonstrating the redox driven behaviors of oxyanions at aerobic–anaerobic transition zones. Moreover, the LDHS-DGT probe was further used to acquire the dynamic distributions of multi-elements in the plant rhizosphere at a two-dimensional millimeter scale. Compared to treatments of sodium sulfate and mercaptopygorskite fertilization, the addition of elementary S promoted the reduction of sulfate to sulfide along the whole growth stage and thus inhibited the activation of toxic metals in the rice rhizosphere. Collectively, this study provides a tool for convenient measurement of nutrients and metal(loid)s across soil–water/root interfaces at high resolution and thus, a broad application prospect of the tool in sustainable agriculture is expected.
Reduction of Ammonia Emissions from Laying Hen Manure in a Closed Composting Process Using Gas-Permeable Membrane Technology
Authors: Soto-Herranz María , Sánchez-Báscones Mercedes , Antolín-Rodríguez Juan Manuel , Martín-Ramos Pablo
Published: November 2021

Nitrogen losses during composting processes lead to emissions problems and reduce the compost fertilizer value. Gas-permeable membranes (GPM) are a promising approach to address the challenge of reducing nitrogen losses in composting processes. This study investigated the applicability of two GPM membrane systems to recover N released during the closed composting process of laying hen manure. The ammonia (NH3) capture process was performed using two different systems over a period of 44 days: the first system (S1) consisted of 120 m of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane installed inside a 3.7 m3 portable, closed aerobic composter with forced ventilation; the second system (S2) consisted of 474 m of an ePTFE membrane placed inside as an external module designed for NH3 capture, connected to a closed aerobic composter through a pipe. In both cases, a 1 N H2SO4 acidic NH3 capture solution was circulated inside the membranes at a flow rate of 2.1 L·h−1. The amount of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) recovered was similar in the two systems (0.61 kg in S1 and 0.65 kg in S2) due to the chosen membrane surface areas, but the TAN recovery rate was six times higher in system S1 (6.9 g TAN·m−2·day−1) than in system S2 (1.9 g TAN·m−2·day−1) due to the presence of a higher NH3 concentration in the air in contact with the membrane. Given that the NH3 concentration in the atmosphere of the membrane compartment directly influences the NH3 capture, better performance of the GPM recovery system may be attained by installing it directly inside the closed aerobic composters. Regardless of the chosen configuration, this technology allows N recovery as a stable and concentrated 1.4% N ammonium salt solution, which can be used for fertigation. The presented GPM systems may be used in community composting systems with low volumes of waste to be treated or in livestock facilities that have implemented best available techniques such as solid–liquid separation or anaerobic digestion, provided that the use of GPM technology in combination with these techniques also contributes to odor mitigation and improves biogas yields.
Morphological, Biochemical, and Metabolomic Strategies of the Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Deglet Nour) Roots Response to Salt Stress
Authors: Bouhouch Safa , Eshelli Manal , Slama Houda Ben , Bouket Ali Chenari , Oszako Tomasz , Okorski Adam , Rateb Mostafa E. , Belbahri Lassaad
Published: November 2021

Numerous Tunisian arid and semi-arid regions are subjected to soil salinity. Thus, they are known for halophytes plants cultivation, including date palms. Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. ‘Deglet Nour’, is a valuable Tunisian cultivar subjected to high salinity levels. In this way, our purpose is to evaluate the response of its roots to long period exposition to increasing salt concentrations. We started by studying the effects of 4 g/L, 8 g/L, 12 g/L, and 16 g/L NaCl on the parameters of germination (Growth rate—GR, Seed Mortality Rate—SLM, Germination Mean Time—GMT, and Germination Speed—GS) of date palm seeds for a 2-month period. We found that 4 g/L NaCl did not affect the seeds germination, and, hereinafter, the parameters of germination and the radicle length decreased with the increase of NaCl concentrations and experiment time. Then, we demonstrated a high antioxidative enzymes CAT and SOD production in case of salt stress augmentation. Lastly, a metabolomic approach was carried out by LC-HRMS, followed by an untargeted and targeted analysis using the XCMS online and MZmine tools, respectively. The roots chemical composition was compared using PCA. We identified 25 secondary metabolites, divided into 3 categories. Metabolites known for their role in salt stress alleviation include δ-tocotrienol, metabolites identified in salt stress for the first time, and other unknown metabolites.
Utilisation of Miscanthus x giganteus L. Based C-Rich Fertilisers for N Immobilisation and Microbial Biomass Build-Up in a Crop Rotation
Authors: Stotter Michael , Wichern Florian , Pude Ralf , Hamer Martin
Published: November 2021

Cultivation of perennials such as Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et Deuter (Mis) combines the provision of ecosystem services and the generation of additional carbon sources for farming. The potential of Mis based fertilisers, regarding immobilisation of inorganic nitrogen (N) and build-up of soil organic matter (SOM), was tested in a field trial. Therefore, a crop rotation of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mustard (Sinapis alba L.) as catch crop, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was set up. The tested treatments were a mixture of Cattle Slurry (CS) and Mis, a mixture of CS and Wheat Straw (CS–WS), Cattle Manure (CM) from Mis shredded bedding, CM from WS shredded bedding, a pure CS, Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) and a treatment without any N applied (NoN). When the carbon-rich fertilisers (both mixtures and manures) were applied to cereals, they led to a slight N immobilisation compared to pure CS, whereas differences were mostly not significant. Furthermore, Mis fertilisers were at least as efficient as WS-based organic fertilisers in inducing a contribution of SOM build-up and in reducing inorganic N before winter and thus preventing N losses, whereas differences were mostly not significant.
Fruit Physiology and Sugar-Acid Profile of 24 Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) Cultivars Grown in Subtropical Region of China
Authors: Pan Tengfei , Ali Muhammad Moaaz , Gong Jiangmei , She Wenqin , Pan Dongming , Guo Zhixiong , Yu Yuan , Chen Faxing
Published: November 2021

In the present study, the fruit physiology and sugar-acid ratio of 24 pomelo cultivars grown in ten different locations of the subtropical region of China were measured. The contents of soluble sugars and organic acids were quantified using high-performance (HPLC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), respectively. The results revealed that the physiological and basic quality attributes of 24 pomelo cultivars, including fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, peel thickness, number of segments, pulp weight, pulp color, soluble solids, and Vitamin C, ranged between 264.63–1945.85 g, 8.60–19.56 g, 7.40–20.70 g, 0.46–3.33 mm, 11–18.66, 210.25–1351.66 g, 8.59–15.14 Brix°, and 34.79–84.58 mg/100 g, respectively. Soluble sugars, i.e., fructose, glucose, and sucrose, ranged between 16.25–24.25, 16.17–24.22, and 19.90–55.28 mg/g, respectively. Similarly, Organic acids, i.e., pyruvate, fumaric acids, succinic acid, tartaric acid, quinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and cis-aconitic acid, in 24 pomelo cultivars ranged between 0.48–1.84, 0.02–0.45, 0–0.05, 0.01–0.1, 0–0.14, 3.01–11.85, 0.18–1.42, and 0.01–0.16 mg/g, respectively. The pomelo cultivars ‘Hongzuanmi’, ‘Minihong’, and ‘Hangwanmi’ exhibited maximum contents of citric acid and pyruvate and showed ultimately excessive organic acids. Overall, the ‘Guanximi’ and its budding cultivars, i.e., ‘Hongroumi’, ‘Huangjinmi’, and ‘Sanhongmi’, had the best quality fruits having maximum sugar-acid ratio. Correlation analysis showed that total soluble sugars had a significantly positive correlation with sucrose contents, while citric acids, malic acid, and pyruvate were positively correlated with total organic acids. The determined sugar-acid profile of pomelo cultivars provides the basis for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating sugars and acids biosynthesis in pomelo.
The Effects of Heat Shock Protein 70 Addition in the Culture Medium on the Development and Quality of In Vitro Produced Heat Shocked Bovine Embryos
Authors: Stamperna Konstantina , Giannoulis Themistoklis , Dovolou Eleni , Kalemkeridou Maria , Nanas Ioannis , Dadouli Katerina , Moutou Katerina , Mamuris Zissis , Amiridis Georgios S.
Published: November 2021

The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of HSP70 addition in the in vitro culture medium of day 3 embryos on their developmental competence and quality. Bovine oocytes (n = 1442) were in vitro matured, inseminated and cultured for the first two days according to standardized methods. The presumptive zygotes were randomly allocated in three experimental groups: Control, C (embryos cultured at 39 °C throughout the culture period), group C41 (temperature was raised to 41 °C from the 48th to 72nd h post insemination (p.i.) and then it returned at 39 °C for the remaining culture period), and group H41 (the temperature modification was the same as in C41 and during heat exposure, HSP70 was added in the culture medium). Cleavage and embryo yield were assessed 48 h p.i. and on days 7, 8, 9, respectively and gene expression in day 7 blastocysts was assessed by RT-PCR. Blastocyst yield was the highest in group C39; and higher in group H41 compared to group C41. From the gene expression analyses, altered expression of 11 genes was detected among groups. The analysis of the orchestrated patterns of gene expression differed between groups. The results of this study confirm the devastating effects of heat stress on embryo development and provide evidence that HSP70 addition at the critical stages can partly counterbalance, without neutralizing, the negative effects of the heat insult on embryos, acting mainly through mechanisms related to energy deployment.
Estimating Amino Acid Requirements in Real-Time for Precision-Fed Pigs: The Challenge of Variability among Individuals
Authors: Remus Aline , Hauschild Luciano , Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre , Pomar Candido
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to measure protein deposition (PD) in pigs fed with daily tailored diets where either dietary lysine (Lys) or threonine (Thr) were provided at independent levels (ignoring an ideal ratio). A total of 95 growing pigs (35 kg body weight (BW)) with electronic ear tags granting them access to automatic feeders were randomly assigned to treatments. The setup was an unbalanced 2 × 5 factorial arrangement with Lys and Thr provided at five levels (i.e., 60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, and 140% of the estimated individual requirements of Lys and Thr), resulting in 25 treatments for 21 days. The observed PD variation to Lys and Thr provisions was large, with Lys and Thr intake explaining only 11% of the variation. Cluster analysis discriminated pigs with low (167 g/d, n = 16), medium (191 g/d, n = 38), and high (213 g/d, n = 37) PD, but with a similar amino acid intake. Differences in PD were associated with differences in nutrient efficiency of utilization. Providing Lys and Thr in a factorial mode, ignoring an ideal ratio, did not decrease the variability in PD. Future research efforts should focus on identifying and investigating the sources of interindividual variability—a necessary step before final recommendations can be made for AA in precision-fed pigs.