bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Coexistence of Public Art Intervention in Anthropocentrism and Marine Ecological Dilemma
Authors: Yan Zhang , Li Shuwei , Ouyang Yizhen
Published: April 2023

We are used to thinking of the ocean as infinite, but it is finite. Human beings have violated science and discharged pollutants into the ocean over the years, damaging both the Marine ecosystem and the common well-being of mankind. They pose a serious threat to human existence and development. When exploring and reflecting on the root of these ecological environment problems, people will turn their eyes to human centrism one way or another. Nowadays, the traditional human centrism is difficult to get out of the old development dilemma on the relationship between man and nature. Therefore, in order to solve the “coexistence dilemma” of human beings, we must establish a scientific and reasonable principle of subjectivity, that is, to establish “modern human centrism”. His existence, is fully aware of the current human for the destruction of the environment brought about by the extreme confusion. It is contemporary people who see this ecological dilemma in the ocean, so they want to find ways to present or solve the problem. At this time, the emergence of public art gives problems a chance to buffer.
Austenian Spirit in Chinese Comedy of Manners: Discovering a Neglected Female Influence on Qian Zhongshu
Authors: Wang Shuran
Published: April 2023

As soon as the play Forging the Truth (Nongzhen chengjia, 1943) written by the Chinese scholar Yang Jiang (1911-2016) premiered during World War II, critics considered the work to be the second milestone of the Chinese comedy of manners. This comment is unsurprising since Yang had a longstanding scholarly interest in the British comedy of manners tradition, especially those by Jane Austen (1775-1817). Also an academic and writer, Yang’s husband, Qian Zhongshu (1910-1998), after watching the play, began writing his only published novel, Fortress Besieged (1947). Given Qian’s inseparable fellowship with Yang Jiang, his irrefutable grounding in Chinese and European arts and letters, and exploration of how marriage impacts the individual in the novel, one wonders why scholars have not recognised even one female author among his source influences. This article establishes a link between Austen and Qian by integrating biographical accounts, a scholarship work Yang had done, and close readings of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (1813), Yang Jiang’s Nongzhen chengjia, and Qian Zhongshu’s Fortress Besieged. By looking at their adaptations of the comedy of manners genre, this article expands on a common quality the three works all share: the duality of playful irony and intelligent compassion.
An Acoustic Study on The Effects Intonation Imposes on Sentence-final Particles in Nanjing Dialect
Authors: Liu Yuge
Published: April 2023

To investigate the interaction between tone and intonation on the production of the sentence-final syllables and the effects of a specific type of characters, i.e. sentence-final particles (SFPs) in Nanjing dialect, acoustic analyses were carried out in the current study. Participants were asked to produce sentences under four conditions: (1) SFPs in interrogative sentences; (2) SFPs in declarative sentences; (3) homophones of the SFPs in interrogative sentences; (4) homophones of the SFPs in declarative sentences. The acoustic productions were analyzed in order to compare the same SFPs in different intonation patterns, i.e., interrogatives and declaratives, and SFPs and their homophones in the carrier sentences. Results showed that the influence of intonation on tones within sentence-final syllables indeed exists, but SFPs mitigate the extent to which intonation functions. These results suggest that intonation is present in tonal languages as well, whereas SFPs influence the realization of intonation by reducing the extent of global rising.
Exploring the principles of the influence of mental illness on decision-making
Authors: Yang Shuchang , Gu Cheng
Published: April 2023

Much of the literature has focused on how emotions affect decision-making, but little has been written about the impact of specific mental illnesses on decision-making. However, this is a serious and relevant topic because people living with mental illness tend to make impulsive or bad choices because of their symptoms and mood. It is hoped that this literature will help people with mental illness or their families to have a better understanding of their behaviour and decisions. This paper attempts to answer the two questions. What cognitive and physiological factors influence the decision making of people with depression and how does depression influence people to make the decision to commit suicide. We used mainly a literature-based approach to our research and conclude that the areas of the brain affected by depression are strongly associated with decision-making and thus contribute to the tendency of depressed people to make poor decisions. For example, the areas of the brain affected by depression are strongly associated with decision-making and thus contribute to the tendency of depressed people to make bad decisions.
Research and Implementation of Optimization and Promotion of Power Grid Emergency Command Center
Authors: Xu Xiyuan , Liu Zeyu , Fang Diange , Cao Junxi , Ma Hongzhong
Published: April 2023

In order to enable the power grid emergency command center to meet the needs of the emergency work under the current new situation, and provide strong support for emergency response and important activities of power conservation, based on the in-depth study and analysis of the application scenarios and basic business of the power grid emergency command center, combined with advanced information communication technology, and studied the optimization and upgrading methods of the power grid emergency command center. Through the research on the optimization and upgrading method of power grid emergency command center, the optimization and upgrading scheme is proposed to guide the power grid enterprises to carry out the optimization and upgrading work of emergency command center. The optimization and upgrading scheme of the power grid emergency command center will be used for the transformation and upgrading of the emergency command center of the power grid companies at all levels, which will help the power grid companies at all levels to improve their emergency.
Moderate to Vigorous-intensity Continuous Training versus Highintensity
Interval Training for Improving VO2max in Women: A
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lindner Robert , Raj Isaac Selva , Yang Angela Wei Hong , Zaman Shadman , Larsen Brianna , Denham Joshua
Published: April 2023

Traditional continuous training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can
increase maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max). However, there is
conflicting evidence regarding which form of training demonstrates the greatest
improvements to V̇O2max, and data in women is sparse. We
conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess whether moderate to
vigorous-intensity continuous training (MVICT) or HIIT was superior at improving
V̇O2max in women. Randomised controlled and parallel
studies examined the influence of MVICT and/or HIIT on
V̇O2max in women. There was no statistical difference in
V̇O2max improvements after training between women in the
MVICT and HIIT cohorts (mean difference [MD]: −0.42, 95%CI:
−1.43 to 0.60, p>0.05). Both MVICT and HIIT increased
V̇O2max from baseline (MD: 3.20, 95% CI: 2.73 to
3.67 and MD: 3.16, 95% CI 2.09 to 4.24, respectively, p<0.001).
Greater improvements in V̇O2max were observed in women who
participated in more training sessions in both training formats. Long-HIIT was
superior to short-HIIT protocols at increasing V̇O2max.
Although MVICT and long-HIIT sessions elicited greater increases in
V̇O2max in younger women compared to short-HIIT
protocols, these differences were negligible in older women. Our findings
suggest MVICT and HIIT are equally effective strategies for improving
V̇O2max and indicate an effect of age on its response to
training in women.
Teledentistry: An Appraisal of Google Play Store Applications
Authors: Mujtaba Hasan , Umer Muhammad Farooq , Afroze Eman , Chaudhary Farooq Ahmad , Zofeen Shumaila , Farid Awais
Published: April 2023

Objectives M-health technology facilitates and equips us with the required medical-related information and knowledge. This research work aims to provide an overview of m-health apps related to dentistry on the Google Play Store.

Materials and Methods This widely used official smartphone platform was screened for the most widely available apps by putting the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords “teledentistry, dentistry, and dental” and the resultant apps were evaluated for the number of downloads, ratings, release date, and number of reviews.

Results The apps were categorized depending upon their applicability into different subgroups, which include patient education apps, dentist appointment apps, kid's apps, undergraduate apps, graduates and general dentist apps, postgraduate dentist apps, commercial and social networking apps, and other miscellaneous apps. The engagement of the users was evaluated in all the categories and the applicability of apps in respective categories was evaluated. The study concluded that despite plentiful apps in each category, the engagement of individuals with the m-health apps related to dentistry is relatively low. However, few creative apps in each category showed bright prospects for productivity and engagement.

Conclusion Centralization and appropriately supervised apps with quality information by some official health care platforms can enhance the effectiveness and prepare this platform for the future of dentistry in the world of semantic web and blockchain.
The Gray Zone: LR3, LR-M, and LR-TIV
Authors: Ganesan Karthik , Jalkote Shivsamb , Nellore Swarup
Published: April 2023

The goal of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is to standardize the lexicon, imaging techniques, interpretation, and reporting of observations in patients with a potential risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and, consequently, improve communication between radiologists and physicians. LI-RADS diagnostic algorithms are applied to a population “at risk,” follow a stepwise algorithmic approach which categorize and stratify individual observations as HCC, and also assess the likelihood of non-HCC malignancies and tumor in vein. Risk factors for developing HCC have geographical variations, which significantly impact diagnostic and management strategies; however, these variations are not considered in the LIRADS v2018 version. Further, the diagnostic algorithm includes several major and ancillary features, and, tie-breaking rules, which result in numerous probable combinations by which a plausible observation could be assigned a particular category, inherently increasing its complexity. Heterogeneity of the diagnostic algorithm results in certain imaging pitfalls and poses challenges in the precise characterization of observations, complicating its use in routine clinical practice. This article reviews the gray zones which may be encountered in the evaluation of LR-3, LR-M, and LR-TIV observations during routine clinical imaging with contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Alterations in Sleep Cycle among Nonhospitalized COVID-19-Affected Population during the Pandemic in Karnataka State—A Web-Based Study
Authors: Ramesh Amitha , Meghana Ivaturi Sri Sai , Bhandary Rahul , Shetty Mamatha , Shetty Smitha
Published: April 2023

Objectives The psychological and physiological distress and social isolation could adversely affect sleep. As sleep disturbances may persist and deteriorate health, it is important to assess prevalence and related factors of sleep disturbances among the residents of Karnataka state during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Methods In this study, 250 responders across the state of Karnataka accessed the survey voluntarily during September 2021 and January 2022. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index scales, features that are related to sleep quality, and some hypothesized risk factors of sleep disturbances in context of COVID-19 infection are employed to format a self-reported questionnaire.

Results In this study, females 27(19.1%) experienced more sleep disturbances than males 9 (8.3%). The study revealed the participants who received both the doses of vaccination (126; 54.3%) had better sleep. The participants who reported themselves to be stressed (182; 72.8%) had more disturbances in sleep. A total number of 45 participants (18.4%) experienced difficulty in breathing and out of all the responders 11 (47.8%) were actually worried about their current sleep problem.

Conclusion COVID-19 infection and changes imposed during the pandemic have led to a surge in individuals reporting sleep problems across the globe. The findings raise the need to screen for worsening sleep patterns to create more awareness about the secondary consequences of COVID-19 infection.
Double Pseudoaneurysm of the Superficial Palmar Arch: A Unique Case
Authors: Munoli Amarnath , Tiwari Pranita , Ashwini Topugonda , Gajbhare Abhijeet
Published: April 2023

We present the case of a 22-year-old male patient who developed “double” pseudoaneurysm of the superficial palmar arch of the left hand after trivial trauma with a kitchen knife. Following an unsuccessful embolization attempt, surgical excision of the pseudoaneurysm was performed during which the pseudoaneurysm was found to arise from the anterior wall of the palmar arch. Intraoperatively, a second pseudoaneurysm arising from the deeper surface of the superficial palmar arch was found and excised. This is probably the only reported case of double pseudoaneurysm of the palmar arch in literature. The possible mechanism of arterial injury, diagnosis, and management is discussed.
The Effect of Correlation of Laboratory-Developed Test and Initial Symptoms and False Negatives in RT-PCR Strategies for COVID-19 Patients with Beta Variants
Authors: Ghasemi Shohreh , Nadji Seyed Alireza , Dashti Mahmood , Karimi-Galougahi Mahboobeh , Raygani Negar , Nabi Mahla , Mohammadi Ghazal , Kandez Niyoosha , Ebrahimi Amirali , Askari Elaheh
Published: April 2023

Objective Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The number of viruses in the sample varies between patients; it depends on sample location, nasal or throat, and with time infection spreads. Previous studies showed that the viral load of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is the peak just before symptoms onset. Furthermore, positive and negative results depend on test site, sampling, and timing method; RT-PCR can be 1 to 30% false-negative result.

Materials and Methods Within this study, we took RT-PCR test from COVID-19 positive patients who already had the confirmation of the disease either by lung computed tomography (CT)-scan or the symptoms such as dyspnea. The study was explained to all the patients, and they confirmed to take the RT-PCR test. Negative samples from those patients were retested, and if the result came back negative, we included them as negative in the result.

Result A total number of 49 patients (25 females) and (24 males) with a mean age of 53.24 years (ranging from 32 to 77) were enrolled. About 32.3% of patients, despite having COVID-19 disease, had a negative RT-PCR test. There is a positive and significant relationship between weight (r = 0.253) and CT at the time of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients and a negative and significant relationship with O2 saturation without oxygen therapy (r =  − 0.296), the model can predict 67.7% of the disease due to the beta value, and the share of O2 saturation without oxygen therapy is more than weight.

Conclusion We show that a pragmatic model can be designed to predict which patients have a higher chance of getting false-negative result, and should be retested for COVID-19. Among the variables, weight had a negative and significant relationship, and O2 saturation without respiratory support had a negative and significant relationship with COVID-19 disease.
Adaptation of Relined Fiber Post Using Discontinuous Short Fiber-Reinforced Resin Composite to Restore Weakened Endodontically-Treated Premolars
Authors: Alshetiwi Dawood Salman Dawood , Muttlib Nor Aidaniza Abdul , El-Damanhoury Hatem M. , Alawi Rabihah , Rahman Normastura Abd , Elsahn Nesrine Aly
Published: April 2023

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of relining prefabricated fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts using bulk-fill, flowable, discontinuous short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) on intracanal adaptation in weakened endodontically-treated premolar teeth.

Materials and Methods Forty extracted human premolar teeth were selected and randomly allocated to five groups (n = 8) according to the canal preparation method and restorative technique after endodontic treatment: Group 1 (control): nonflared, closed apex root canals; group 2, 4: flared, open-apex root canals; group 3, 5: flared, closed apex root canals. Groups 1 to 3 were restored with standard RelyX fiber post size #1, while groups 4 and 5 were restored with customized RelyX fiber post size #1 and relined with bulk-fill flowable SFRC (everX Flow, GC, Tokyo, Japan). To evaluate intracanal adaptation, the empty root of each sample with the corresponding fiber post (standard or customized) inserted was measured twice using a micro-digital scale and the average value was calculated. The post was then removed, followed by the insertion of a light body polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material into the canal, followed by reinsertion of the post and removal of excess material once the PVS was set. Finally, the sample weight was recorded, and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test (p-value = 0.05).

Results A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in PVS material weight was identified between the groups. Group 1 (control) had the lightest weight of PVS material, followed by groups restored with customized fiber posts (groups 4 and 5) and standard fiber posts (groups 2 and 3).

Conclusion Anatomically-customized fiber posts with bulk-fill flowable SFRC provided better intracanal adaptation compared with standard fiber posts in teeth with compromised root canals.
Temperature-programmed desorption spectrometer combining minimum gas load, fast substrate replacement, and comprehensive temperature control
Authors: Xia Shucai , Dong Shanshan , Xie Huizhi , Li Jialong , Wang Tianjun , Zhang Weiqing , Che Li , Ren Zefeng , Dai Dongxu , Yang Xueming , Zhou Chuanyao
Published: April 2023

With the capability of quantitative identifying surface species and measuring desorption kinetics, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) is widely used in heterogeneous catalysis and surface science fields. Minimum gas load during adsorption, fast substrate replacement, and comprehensive temperature control are of great significance for efficient and high quality TPD experiments. Unfortunately, these requirements usually cannot be met at the same time for the existing apparatuses in surface science. In order to increase the universality, a TPD spectrometer combining minimum gas load, fast substrate replacement, and comprehensive temperature control in our laboratory has been built. By using an automatically controlled microcapillary array-based effusive molecular beam gas doser, optimizing the thermal contact at the sample stage, using liquid nitrogen transfer line and designing thermocouple connection, controllable and reproducible molecule adsorption, minimum gas load, fast substrate replacement, rapid cooling, accurate temperature measuring and excellent linear heating are achieved simultaneously. Capabilities of the TPD spectrometer, for example, determination of desorption energy and desorption order, quantitative measurements of surface species and binding sites, and investigation of surface photochemical reactions, are demonstrated by measuring the desorption of water from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and TiO2(110) and photocatalyzed oxidation of methoxy anions on TiO2(110). The apparatus described here will contribute effectively to the high throughput measurements.
Ion-velocity imaging study of dissociative charge exchange reactions between Ar+ and
trans-
/
cis-
dichloroethylene
Authors: Chen Zi-Xin , Hu Jie , Zhi Yaya , Wu Chun-Xiao , Tian Shan Xi
Published: April 2023

Dissociative charge exchange reactions between Ar+ ion and trans- /cis- dichloroethylene (trans-/cis-C2H2Cl2) are investigated with the ion-velocity imaging technique. The dechlorinated product C2H2Cl+ is the predominant, and most of this product show the spatial distribution around the target, implying that the dissociation occurs in the large impact-parameter collision and via the energy resonant charge transfer. Meanwhile, a few C2H2Cl+ locate around the center-of-mass, which is attributed to the fragmentation of intimate association between C2H2Cl2 and Ar+ or in the small impact-parameter collision. The product C2HCl+ exhibits the velocity distribution features similar to those of C2H2Cl+. The rarest product C2HCl2+ shows the distributions around the molecular target, due to the quick dehydrogenation after the energy-resonant charge transfer in the large impact-parameter collision.
Defoliation management and nitrogen fertiliser rate affect canopy structural traits of grazed guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Zuri under rotational stocking
Authors: Goulart de Almeida Otávio , Pedreira Carlos Guilherme Silveira , de Assis Juliana Aparecida , Pedreira Bruno Carneiro , Gomes Fagner Júnior , Nave Renata La Guardia
Published: April 2023

Context Defoliation management by grazing or clipping, combined with nitrogen (N) fertilisation, can increase forage production in tropical grasses. Use of pasture canopy height as a practical tool for monitoring forage mass and accumulation has been proposed because of the relationship between height and canopy light interception. However, this relationship can vary due to variations in canopy structural changes and N supply. Aims Our objectives were to study canopy structural responses and forage accumulation of grazed Zuri guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) under rotational stocking. Methods Combinations of two pre-graze canopy heights (55 and 75 cm) and two N fertilisation rates (150 and 300 kg N ha−1 year−1) were used during two consecutive years. Cattle grazed the pastures to 50% of pre-graze height. Key results Regardless of N rate, pastures managed at 75 cm always reached 95% light interception at pre-graze. The 55 cm/300 kg N pastures underwent structural changes such as greater leaf proportion, tiller population density and specific leaf area, and smaller mean foliage angle, which resulted in 95% light interception at pre-graze. Forage accumulation was 20% greater for 75 cm pastures (22 120 kg DM ha−1 year−1) than 55 cm pastures. Pastures receiving 300 kg N ha−1 year−1 had 38% greater forage accumulation than those receiving 150 kg N ha−1 year−1. Conclusion Zuri guineagrass pastures should be defoliated when canopy height reaches 75 cm owing to greater forage accumulation, but can be grazed at 55 cm when N is applied at 300 kg ha−1 year−1. Implications Zuri guineagrass can be managed with shorter pre-graze canopy height; when grazed at 55 cm and with 300 kg N ha−1 year−1, there is no negative effect on forage accumulation, allowing for shorter rest periods.
L’arabe algérien parmi les pères blancs
Authors: Moscoso García Francisco
Published: April 2023

Le cardinal Lavigérie (1825–1892) avait coutume d’exhorter les membres de la Société des Missionnaires d’Afrique, connus sous le nom de “Pères Blancs”, à étudier les langues des populations locales. L’étude et la publication d’ouvrages en arabe algérien par les Pères Blancs peuvent être divisées en deux périodes: de 1868 à 1940 et de 1940 aux années 1980. Dans la première période, les traductions de la doctrine chrétienne en arabe algérien moderne jouaient un rôle central, bien que certains textes ethnographiques aient également été publiés en arabe algérien. Durant la deuxième période, la majorité des publications était constituée de textes ethnographiques ainsi que de manuels d’apprentissage de l’arabe algérien.
Optimisation of hardness profiles in high-speed train axlebox bearings
Authors: Liu Su , Yang Zhiyong , Liu Tao , Li Zhiqiang , Cong Tao
Published: April 2023

To produce bearings with more reasonable hardness profiles, a finite element model was established to simulate different heat treatment processes. Based on the simulated hardness profiles, an artificial neural network model was established to fit the relationship between the heat treatment process parameters and the hardness profiles. Genetic algorithm was used to optimise the hardness profiles and the confirmation test was conducted. The results showed that the optimised hardness profile was closer to the optimisation target. The mean absolute error of hardness was reduced by 68.16% and the root mean square error was reduced by 66.72% after optimisation. This method can be used for hardness profile optimisation and provides a reference for the optimisation of the bearing heat treatment process.
Africa’s unequal balance
Authors: Diab Osama
Published: April 2023

Using flows of biophysical resources between countries, new research has defied conventional methods of analysing trade in terms of cash flows. Labelled ‘ecologically unequal exchange’, this research quantifies net resource transfers from global South to global North countries. This article explores the unequal exchange implications for Africa as a primary exporter of physical resources, and hence one of the biggest losers from ecologically unequal exchange. As well as ecologically unequal exchange, the article employs the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis and the Growing Smile model to argue against export-oriented industrialisation models of development, and for the political restructuring of the uneven global value regime.
A general method for extracting the amplitude spectrum of the seismic wavelet from the seismic traces
Authors: Zhao Haoqi , Gao Jinghuai , Jia Junxiong
Published: April 2023

When solving geophysical problems using reflection seismology, extracting the amplitude spectrum of the seismic wavelet (ASSW) from a seismic trace is the basis for many downstream works, such as deconvolution and sparse reflection coefficient inversion. This paper pertains to statistical methods for estimating ASSW, that is, separating the scattering effect of the formation from the amplitude spectrum of a seismic trace to obtain a band-limited ASSW. Common methods assume the reflection coefficient sequence (RCS) is white, making them unsatisfactory in many cases. Gao et al (2017 Inverse Problems
33 085005) proposed an ASSW extraction method based on contraction operator mapping (COM method) and experimentally proved it effective for non-white RCSs. However, this method is only valid for unimodal ASSW, which makes it unsuitable for most sources. We propose a general method for estimating ASSW which does not require the whiteness assumption of the RCS and does not restrict the specific form of ASSW. We show that the COM method has function representation limitations and redefines a new operator, proving that it is also a contractive mapping. Our method can be regarded as a general form of the COM method, filling the theoretical gap that existing methods cannot be applied to non-white RCS and non-unimodal ASSW. It provides a general method for the estimation of ASSW. We thoroughly verify this generality by simulating different source types while considering wavelet attenuation. Compared with the COM method, the proposed method has absolute advantages.
Identification of the monolayer thickness difference in a mechanically exfoliated thick flake of hexagonal boron nitride and graphite for van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Hattori Yoshiaki , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Kitamura Masatoshi
Published: April 2023

Exfoliated flakes of layered materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and graphite with a thickness of several tens of nanometers, are used to construct van der Waals heterostructures. A flake with a desirable thickness, size, and shape is often selected from many exfoliated flakes placed randomly on a substrate using an optical microscope. This study examined the visualization of thick hBN and graphite flakes on SiO2/Si substrates through calculations and experiments. In particular, the study analyzed areas with different atomic layer thicknesses in a flake. For visualization, the SiO2 thickness was optimized based on the calculation. As an experimental result, the area with different thicknesses in a hBN flake showed different brightness in the image obtained using an optical microscope with a narrow band-pass filter. The maximum contrast was 12% with respect to the difference of monolayer thickness. In addition, hBN and graphite flakes were observed by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. In the observation, the area with different thicknesses exhibited different brightnesses and colors. Adjusting the DIC bias had a similar effect to selecting a wavelength using a narrow band-pass filter.
Electrical properties of tissues from a microscopic model of confined electrolytes
Authors: Solis Francisco J , Jadhao Vikram
Published: April 2023

Objective. In the presence of oscillatory electric fields, the motion of electrolyte ions in biological tissues is often limited by the confinement created by cell and organelle walls. This confinement induces the organization of the ions into dynamic double layers. This work determines the contribution of these double layers to the bulk conductivity and permittivity of tissues. Approach. Tissues are modeled as repeated units of electrolyte regions separated by dielectric walls. Within the electrolyte regions, a coarse-grained model is used to describe the associated ionic charge distribution. The model emphasizes the role of the displacement current in addition to the ionic current and enables the evaluation of macroscopic conductivities and permittivities. Main results. We obtain analytical expressions for the bulk conductivity and permittivity as a function of the frequency of the oscillatory electric field. These expressions explicitly include the geometric information of the repeated structure and the contribution of the dynamic double layers. The low-frequency limit of the conductivity expression yields a result predicted by the Debye permittivity form. The model also provides a microscopic interpretation of the Maxwell–Wagner effect. Significance. The results obtained contribute to the interpretation of the macroscopic measurements of electrical properties of tissues in terms of their microscopic structure. The model enables a critical assessment of the justification for the use of macroscopic models to analyze the transmission of electrical signals through tissues.
A few-shot electromechanical impedance monitoring method based on a modified prototype network
Authors: Du Fei , Wu Shiwei , Weng Jiexin , Zhang Xuan , Xu Chao , Su Zhongqing
Published: April 2023

Bolt loosening monitoring is of great significance to warrant the reliability and safety of bolted structures. The electromechanical impedance (EMI)-based evaluation is effective to perceive bolt loosening. However, EMI signals are highly prone to contamination by temperature fluctuation. Deep learning (DL) based EMI is a promising technique for accurate damage detection in the temperature variation environment. However, DL needs a lot of data to train, which is usually very difficult to collect sufficient structural damage data in real word scenarios. This paper proposed a few-shot EMI monitoring method based on a modified prototype network for bolt looseness detection under temperature varying environment. The approach features a conversion method of the impedance signal to image based on the Hank matrix. A modified prototype network is then developed. An experimental study was carried out on a bolted joint. EMI signals under different bolt loosening conditions were measured in a temperature variation environment. An impedance analyzer and a self-made small lightweight monitoring device were both used to measure the EMI signals to test the cross domain scenario. The proposed method was compared with the transfer learning methods and other typical few-shot learning methods. The experiment results show that the proposed few-shot EMI method can obviously improve the monitoring accuracy of bolt loosening with few samples.
Ricci solitons on general relativistic spacetimes
Authors: Suh Young Jin , Chaubey Sudhakar Kumar
Published: April 2023

The main aim of this manuscript is to characterize the general relativistic spacetimes with Ricci and gradient Ricci solitons. It is proven that if the metric of a general relativistic spacetime (M
4, ξ) admitting a special unit timelike vector field ξ is an almost Ricci soliton (g, ξ, λ), then (M
4, ξ) is a perfect fluid spacetime, and almost Ricci soliton (g, ξ, λ) on (M
4, ξ) becomes shrinking Ricci soliton. We prove that a general relativistic perfect fluid spacetime equipped with a special unit timelike vector field together with a Ricci soliton is an Einstein spacetime. In this sequel, we also prove that the Ricci soliton is shrinking, soliton vector field is Killing and the scalar curvature of the perfect fluid spacetime is constant. It is proven that a general relativistic perfect fluid spacetime together with a Ricci soliton is a generalized Robertson-Walker (GRW) spacetime. The existence of gradient Ricci solitons on general relativistic spacetimes are established. We also construct a non-trivial example of general relativistic spacetime equipped with a special unit timelike vector field, and verify some of our theorems.
Monitored recurrence of a one-parameter family of three-state quantum walks
Authors: Štefaňák Martin
Published: April 2023

Monitored recurrence of a one-parameter set of three-state quantum walks on a line is investigated. The calculations are considerably simplified by choosing a suitable basis of the coin space. We show that the Polya number (i.e. the site recurrence probability) depends on the coin parameter and the probability that the walker is initially in a particular coin state for which the walk returns to the origin with certainty. Finally, we present a brief investigation of the exact quantum state recurrence.
Angular momentum sensitivity of a MEMS gyroscope for condensed matter systems
Authors: Jeong Jinhoon , Suh Junho , Choi Hyoungsoon
Published: April 2023

The angular momentum carries crucial information on the physical nature of quantum matter. We propose and analyze MEMS gyroscope techniques suitable for measuring the angular momentum of mesoscopic quantum matter specimens at low temperatures. We bear in mind that it is not always possible to implement mode-matched gyroscopes, which we will refer to as degenerate gyroscopes, for the maximal signal sensitivity for these applications due to the constraints given by the cryogenic environment and the types of samples available for experiments. Because the analysis of non-degenerate gyroscopes in the literature is somewhat limited, we analyze and compare the ultimate angular momentum sensitivity of both degenerate and non-degenerate gyroscopes under amplitude and frequency modulation operation. Calculation based on our prototype device shows that the frequency modulation extends the operational range and improves sensitivity at low temperatures.
A non-linear triangular split-ring based metaresonator for targeted scanning at 1.5T MRI
Authors: Das Priyanka , Gupta Jegyasu , Sikdar Debabrata , Bhattacharjee Ratnajit
Published: April 2023

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), RF signals are initially transmitted to stimulate the body protons which eventually release the electromagnetic energy while returning back to their original states. The image resolution and scanning efficiency of MRI can be improved by enhancing the magnetic fields received from the patient’s body using metamaterials. The major limitation of linear metamaterials is that they amplify RF magnetic fields both during transmission and reception phases. This requires modification of the RF excitation pulses during the transmission phase. Further, local increase of transmitted power poses a potential threat of tissue-heating and high specific absorption rate (SAR) values in addition to perturbing the transmit field homogeneity. In order to circumvent these problems, we propose a self-adaptive metaresonator which has the capability of self-detuning itself during transmission of RF pulses during MRI scans. A triangular split-ring based metaresonator is designed for maximum thirty-fold SNR improvement in 1.5T MRI. Switching diodes have been employed for switching on and off the magnetic field enhancement by the metaresonator. During transmission phase when the switching diodes get turned on, the metaresonator is detuned. During reception phase when the switching diodes get turned off, the metaresonator is tuned to 63.8 MHz which is the Larmor frequency of 1.5T MRI. The proposed metaresonator is thin and compact which enables its easy placement in the multi-element arrays of clinical MRI.
Physical properties of elastically and thermodynamically stable magnetic AcXO3 (X = Cr, Fe) perovskite oxides: a DFT investigation
Authors: Munir Junaid , Iftikhar M Khuram , Jamil M Imran , Din Moeen Ud , Alshahrani Thamraa , Elsaeedy H I , Ain Quratul
Published: April 2023

Spin-polarized calculations of mechanical, electronic structure, phonon, optical and magnetic properties of AcXO3 (X = Cr, Fe) perovskite oxides (POs) has been computed using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The modified Becke Johnson (mBJ) approximation has been utilized for exchange-correlation potential and implemented in the WIEN2k code. The negative values of formation energy and the positive fRequencies of the phonon modes show the stability of studied perovskite oxides. The mechanical stability is confirmed through the elastic parameters such as shear modulus (G), Bulk modulus (B), Poisson ratio (ν) and Cauchy pressure. The semiconductor nature with an indirect bandgap is observed for both compounds in both spin channels. The computed electron density contour plot describes the bonding nature of both compounds. The magnetic moments are calculated, which show the major involvement of Fe and Cr atoms in the overall magnetism of studied compounds. The optical response is also evaluated, showing the maximum absorption in the ultraviolet region. The overall analysis of the calculated properties shows that the studied oxide perovskites are suitable for spintronic and optoelectronic applications.
Geodesic angular momentum
Authors: Tachibana Akitomo
Published: April 2023

Translational symmetry gives rise to rotational symmetry in general relativistic symmetry. This is an inconceivable fact according to conventional common sense, but the proof is given. Could the converse also be true? No, a counter-example is given. There is rotational symmetry that does not require translational symmetry, which does not give rise to translational symmetry even in general relativistic symmetry. The latter fact of course does not defy conventional common sense. Rotational symmetry conserves angular momentum. Antisymmetric tensor that vanishes by covariant differentiation is here defined geodesic angular momentum tensor. Killing vector due to rotational symmetry exists. We show a vierbein formalism for discussing translational symmetry and rotational symmetry in the same footing. We present a simple model that reveals how the internal spin of a Dirac particle contributes to the momentum tensor as vorticity, and how this vorticity is transformed into spin by the integration of the geodesic angular momentum tensor.
Shot-by-shot stability of the discharge produced plasmas in suitably shaped capillaries
Authors: Arjmand S. , Anania M.P. , Biagioni A. , Ferrario M. , Del Franco M. , Galletti M. , Lollo V. , Pellegrini D. , Pompili R. , Zigler A.
Published: April 2023

Compact accelerator machines are capable of producing accelerating gradients in the GV/m
scale, which is significantly higher than the MV/m scale of conventional machines. As accelerators
are widely used in many fields, such as industrial, research institutes, and medical applications,
the development of these machines will undoubtedly have a profound impact on people's daily
lives. SPARC_LAB, a test facility at INFN-LNF (Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati), is focused on
enhancing particle accelerator research infrastructure using innovative plasma acceleration
concepts. Within SPARC_LAB, we utilize plasma-filled capillaries with lengths of up to tens of
centimeters. However, the plasma formation process is critical to ensure proper oversight of the
plasma properties, which subsequently affects the dynamics of the electron bunch to be
accelerated. One of the most critical points that significantly affects the properties of the
electron beam passing through the plasma source is the shot-by-shot stability of the plasma
density along the longitudinal dimension of the plasma-discharge capillary. Therefore, this paper
aims to investigate the shot-by-shot stability of the plasma density during discharge,
contributing to further advancements in the field of plasma acceleration.
Reduction potentials for particulate emissions from household energy in India
Authors: Lam Nicholas L , Goel Varun , Blasdel Max , Xu Li , Ruiz-Mercado Ilse , Ozaltun Bora , Aoudi Lama , Whitacre James V , Bond Tami C
Published: April 2023

Household access to clean energy is a priority for public health and the environment in low- and middle-income countries. However, past illustrative studies have explored benefits of replacing all polluting energy sources, a transition that is only theoretically possible. Factors that limit achievement of the entire theoretical reduction potential should be explored to inform programmatic decision making. We propose a hierarchy of reduction potentials for emissions from household energy, representing different implementation barriers. Following similar work in renewable energy, we propose four categories of reduction potentials beyond the theoretical maximum: distributional, technical, economic, and market. We apply this framework to household energy emissions using a high-resolution spatiotemporal emission inventory of India, a country chosen for its data availability and level of interest in mitigation. We explore distributional potential using distance from urban areas, technical potential by attributing emissions to energy services, and economic potential with a village- level proxy for likelihood of program success. For distributional potential (spatial accessibility), we find that applying reduction programs within 5 km of urban centers would achieve 36%–78% of the theoretical potential across seven regions in India; extension to 10 km yields reductions of 63%–90%. Technical and economic reduction potentials differ most greatly from theoretical potential in regions that contribute the most to national emissions. Even if some of the relationships underlying emission causes are not completely known, reflecting the factors that affect transitions can inform practitioners and programs seeking to scale and deliver clean energy solutions. We assert that including these important influences should be a goal of emission inventory development, beyond the simple quantification of baseline emissions.
Electronic structures near unmovable nodal points and lines in two-dimensional materials
Authors: Damljanović V , Lazić N
Published: April 2023

Unmovable nodal points (UNPs) and lines (UNLs) are band crossings whose positions in the Brillouin zone are unaltered by symmetry preserving perturbations. Not only positions but also the band structure in their vicinity are determined by the little group of wave vectors and its irreducible (co)representations. In this paper, we give the full set of electronic dispersions near all UNPs and UNLs in non-magnetic quasi two-dimensional (2D) materials, both with and without spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Analysis of all layer gray single and double groups gives nineteen different quasiparticles, the great majority of which are unavoidable for a 2D material that belongs to a certain layer group. This includes Weyl and Dirac nodal lines, dispersions with quadratic or cubic splitting, anisotropic Weyl and Dirac cones, whose orientation can be varied by e.g. strain etc. We indicated quasiparticles that are robust to SOC. For convenience, our results are concisely presented graphically—as a map, not in a tabular, encyclopedia form. They may be of use as checkpoints and/or for fitting experimentally (via e.g. ARPES) and numerically obtained electronic band structures data, as well as for deeper theoretical investigations.
Dimensional-transformation of hexagonal antimonene nanosheets through the manipulation of reduction kinetics
Authors: Sun Haibin , Zheng Wenrui , Liu Congcong , Li Xiangdong , Chu Xinyu , Wang Shiran , Liu Shenghong , Xie Wenhe
Published: April 2023

Antimonene (Sb) has been widely studied owing to its high carrier mobility, high thermal conductivity, and tunable electronic properties. Conventional synthetic methods for antimonene nanosheets (Sb-NSs) are more complex and multi-step reactions, mainly including the epitaxial growth method, mechanical peeling method, electrochemical separation method, and liquid-phase separation method. Here, we report a simple method for the synthesis of Sb-NSs on Ni foam from two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets to one-dimensional (1D) nanowires via hydrothermal method. The fabricated hexagonal Sb-NSs exhibit a transverse scale of 400 nm and a thickness of approximately 50 nm. When evaluated as anode materials for lithium storage, hexagonal Sb-NSs deliver a high reversible capacity of 870.3 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and a reversible capacity of 375 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 60 cycles. As a result, the successful preparation of dimensional-switching Sb-NMs provides a new class of 2D materials for LIBs.
Novel approach to utilise highly conductive but electrochemically unstable current collector materials in textile supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Luís Paulo , Southee Darren , Weaver George W , Wijayantha Upul
Published: April 2023

Metal-based materials, such as silver or copper, are highly desired as current collector materials for flexible energy storage due to their excellent electrical properties but lack the long-term operational electrochemical stability. Herein we report a method to prevent the corrosion of such materials, while fully exploiting their electrical properties. This was achieved by covering the current collector with an electrochemically stable conductive carbon-based layer. The barrier layer allows the flow of charge between the electrically conductive elements of the textile composite electrodes, while protecting the current collector from contacting the electrolyte. The areal power and energy densities obtained after 1000 bending cycles were 29.88 and 0.01 mWh cm−2, respectively, with no evident degradation. Additionally, patterned current collectors were designed to deposit lower quantities of ink, without detriment to electrochemical performance. After 1000 bending cycles, the textile composite supercapacitors (TCSs) having 50% less current collector material demonstrated an areal power and energy density of 28.08 and 0.01 mWh cm−2, respectively. The proposed strategy is essential in enabling the utilisation of highly conductive metal-based inks, improving the rate capabilities and long-term operation of wearable energy storage devices, while maximising specific power and energy densities of TCSs, and decreasing the manufacturing cost.