bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in bipolar affective disorder. A systematized umbrella review
Authors: Markin K. V.
Published: July 2023

Bipolar affective disorder (BD) is a complex mental illness that presents diagnostic challenges due to its heterogeneous nature. As a result, identifying potential markers for the disorder is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a promising non-invasive technique that provides a window into the pathophysiological characteristics of psychiatric and neurological diseases in vivo. The amount of data accumulated in the scientific community regarding changes in spontaneous activity and functional connectivity of brain regions in BD necessitates a comprehensive synthesis to determine the spectrum of disorders. Accordingly, a systematic review of reviews was conducted to summarize the changes characteristic of patients with BD as measured by fMRI. Qualitative synthesis of results of nine systematic reviews and six meta-analyses has allowed the definition of changes in spontaneous activity and functional connectivity most characteristic for BD, confirming the unity of functional disturbances of this nosological unit. The findings of the review indicate that the manic state in BD is often associated with increased activity of the amygdala and decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and frontal regions. Conversely, the depressive phase is characterized by abnormalities of functional connectivity within the default mode network, particularly in relation to the posterior cingulate cortex. Changes in functional connectivity during periods of euthymia may reflect residual manifestations of one of the exacerbation phases or may be associated with a history of a psychotic episode. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of possible methods of quantitative fMRI data synthesis has been conducted for the first time in Russia, which is a valuable contribution to the field.
Conocimiento de seguridad y salud de las operaciones de agencias de aduanas de Lima y Callao
Authors: Romero Naty Alejandrina , Rojas Araujo Alan
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Identificar las diferencias entre los conocimientos en seguridad y salud de las operaciones de agencias de aduana de Lima y Callao. Método: Para dicho trabajo se usó el diseño exploratorio cuya población muestra la constituyen 3 empresas, cuyos representantes; gerentes generales y supervisor de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, participaron en una entrevista a profundidad. Luego de la evaluación se procedió a la recolección y procesamiento de los datos, Resultados: Se identificó que entre las agencias de aduana ubicadas en Lima y Callao existen diferencias entre los conocimientos en seguridad y salud en el trabajo en sus operaciones tales como: la definición de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, la utilidad brindada y la relación entre las operaciones de agenciamiento de aduanas y la seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Conclusión: Existen diferencias entre los conocimientos de seguridad y salud de las operaciones de agencias de aduana de Lima y Callao, que difiere su concepción sobre lo que es y la utilidad que les brinda en sus operaciones.
Morphogenesis of the human brain and cerebellum in the early prenatal period
Authors: Vlasenko O. V. , Gunas I. V. , Semenenko A. I. , Dovgan A. V. , Bobruk V. P.
Published: July 2023

Annotation. Neurogenesis is a complex process of neuron formation that is central to the formation of most neurons in the human brain during vertebrate development. The purpose of this study was to establish and compare the parameters of the cerebellum and the endbrain of humans at 8-9 weeks of intrauterine development, as well as the features of cytoarchitectonics, which is inherent in the studied period of gestation. In the process of scientific research, 10 fetuses of 8-9 weeks were examined and research methods were applied, such as: immunohistochemical, anatomical-histological and morphometric. The morphometric study was carried out using a light microscope MBS-10 and SIGETA. Studies were performed at magnifications of ×4, ×10, ×20, ×40, and ×100. From the obtained histological sections, photofixation and morphometry were performed using the ETREK Ucmos camera and the ToupViem computer program (computer histometry). Statistical processing of digital data was applied using the software package “Statistica 6.0” from Statsoft (license number BXXR901E246122FA). During the study, we observed that the total thickness of the studied area varied depending on the part of the endbrain. In the hemispheres of the endbrain of 8-9 week fetuses, the presence of such layers as ventricular, subventricular, intermediate and cortical was noted, whereas examining the cerebellum, we witnessed the presence of the ventricular zone, intermediate, molecular and external granular zone. The expression of proliferated neural stem cells in the layers of the endbrain was the most active in the ventricular zone, compared to the others. Migration of neural stem cells in the cerebellum, in the ventricular and external granular zones occurs in two directions: tangential and radial. Weak expression of synaptophysin is observed in the cerebellum. In the endbrain, synaptophysin expression was strong in the intermediate and cortical zones. Fibers of radial glia of an 8-9 week fetus penetrate all zones of the endbrain and cerebellum. On a horizontal histological section of the terminal brain of human fetuses, the cavities of the ventricles were visualized and the development of vascular plexuses in the lateral ventricles of the brain was noted. Thus, in the course of the research, we compared the features of cytoarchitectonics, morphometric parameters of the structures of the endbrain and cerebellum of human fetuses of 8-9 weeks of intrauterine development.
Biophysical indicators of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, the microcirculatory channel and the oral fluid in patients with lichen ruber planus
Authors: Polishchuk O. О. , Skyba V. Ya.
Published: July 2023

Annotation. The work aims to conduct a biophysical assessment of the charge state of the buccal epithelium cells (BEC), the microcirculatory channel of the oral mucosa and oral fluid in patients with the erosive-ulcerative form of lichen planus. The problem is relevant due to the increasing number of lichen planus patients, the uncertain etiology of the disease, and the ongoing struggle to find treatment solutions. 11 patients aged 50-60 years with lichen planus (erosive-ulcerative form) were examined. All patients underwent a study of the charge state of the buccal epithelium cells. Buccal cell samples were collected on an empty stomach after rinsing the oral cavity with water, applying a gentle swabbing technique. A spectrocolorimeter of type “Pulsar” was used to assess the condition of the microcapillary channel of the oral mucosa. In addition, in patients with lichen planus, the stability of the pH of the oral fluid (ΔpH) was evaluated as one of the indicators of the level of non-specific resistance in the body and the oral cavity in particular. Five 1ml samples of oral fluid were taken from each patient to calculate the value of ΔpH, where pH value was determined using an ionometer immediately after sampling. An average value of ΔрН and the confidence interval of deviations (ΔрН) from the average value were calculated, taking into account the Student coefficient for five measurements and a confidence probability of 0.95. The results obtained from biophysical studies show a significant decrease in all studied indicators. The percentage of mobile nuclei in patients with the erosive-ulcerative form of lichen planus of the oral mucosa is two times lower than in healthy people of the same age. At the same time, the plasmalemma and nuclei displacement amplitudes, as well as their ratio, were reduced compared to the norm, which indicates a decrease in their charge and deterioration of the physiological state of cells and the body as a whole. We found that individuals with lichen planus exhibit a decreased efficiency of functional reactions in the oral cavity tissues, which requires the development and implementation of effective treatment and prevention measures.
Comparative characteristics of professionally important psychophysiological parameters of operators of unmanned aircraft complexes, practically healthy and patients with stress-associated diseases
Authors: Pashkovskyi S. M. , Kalnysh V. V. , Koval N. V.
Published: July 2023

Annotation. The article is devoted to the study and comparison of the professionally important psychophysiological parameters of the operators of unmanned aerial systems (UAVs), practically healthy (40 people) and those suffering from stress-related diseases (80 people), who are serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In patients with stress-associated diseases of UAVs operators, we found the significance of the changes in the indicators of the latent period of simple and complex visual-motor reaction, balance during the study of the reaction to a moving object, and the number of false marks when performing a concentration test with a reliability of p<0.05. The structure of the correlations of practically healthy and patients with stress-related diseases of UAVs operators in the parameters of concentration of attention, orientation in space and short-term visual memory are definitely different, which indicates a major restructuring of the functional system of the operators' professional activity in these aspects. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of such changes, it is necessary to develop a set of organizational and medical measures to compensate for the negative impact of stress-associated diseases on the functional state of UAVs operators.
Dental diseases in patients with pathology of the gastrointestinal tract: a literature review
Authors: Poberezhna H. M. , Kulygina V. M. , Gadzhula N. G. , Povsheniuk A. V. , Gorai M. A. , Kurdysh L. F.
Published: July 2023

Annotation. The study aimed to analyze references in the scientific literature on hard dental tissue damage and periodontal and oral mucosal diseases in patients with concomitant gastrointestinal tract pathology. We used the bibliosemantic method to identify the status of the outlined issues and analysis of the scientific research data. Based on data from national and international published literature on the topic, the prevalence, severity and structurality of changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity associated with gastrointestinal tract diseases were evaluated. The review was carried out using data from scientific articles for the period of 2011-2022 with search words “Digestive System Diseases”, and “Diseases of the Oral Cavity” using the MESH subject headings: dental caries susceptibility, mouth diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, malabsorption syndromes, dental caries, tooth demineralization and others. The final analysis included 75 scientific articles corresponding to the purpose of the study. Data obtained from analysis of literary sources of recent years suggests that both local and general factors are involved in the process of occurrence and course of dental pathology with concomitant involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. The nature of their interaction will determine the peculiarities of the course of dental diseases. However, the lack of convincing data on the age-related features of the occurrence and development of dental diseases, as well as the inconsistency of the results regarding the significance of risk factors for the progress of comorbid conditions complicates the methods development of their treatment and prevention. The listed features of the course of dental diseases with a combined involvement of gastrointestinal disorders indicate the mandatory complexity of treatment, taking into account concomitant pathology.
STABILISASI TANAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PASIR GUNUNG (STUDI KASUS : JALAN TAENO ATAS - WAIPOOT, KOTA AMBON)
Authors: Soraya Wa , Kalalimbong Abraham , Ayal Mansye Ronal
Published: July 2023

Tanah yang daya dukungnya rendah akan menyebabkan kerusakan konstruksi jalan diatasnya, seperti permukaan jalan yang bergelombang dan keretakan pada konstruksi. Untuk menghindari kondisi ini, maka perlu dilakukan stabilisasi tanah. Salah satu bahan stabilisasi yang bisa digunakan adalah menggunakan campuran pasir. Telah banyak penelitian tentang stabilisasi tanah dengan menggunakan pasir, namun jenis pasir yang digunakan kebanyakan adalah pasir pantai dan pasir sungai. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait pemanfaatan pasir gunung untuk stabilisasi tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan pasir gunung terhadap nilai CBR untuk stabilisasi tanah jalan Taeno atas-Waipoot. Pada penelitian ini sampel tanah yang digunakan diambil pada ruas jalan Taeno atas – Waipoot tepatnya di wilayah Dusun Taeno atas, Kota Ambon sebanyak 8 titik. Pasir gunung yang digunakan diambil dari lokasi penambangan Dusun Wailete. Variasi campuran pasir gunung yang digunakan adalah 5%, 10% dan 15% dari berat campuran. Pengujian pendahuluan yang dilakukan adalah pengujian kadar air, analisa saringan, berat jenis, batas-batas atterberg, pemadatan (Standard proctor). Pengujian CBR yang dilakukan yaitu pengujian CBR tanpa rendaman. Dari rangkaian pengujian tersebut, terlihat bahwa nilai CBR mengalami peningkatan pada setiap persen penambahan pasir gunung. Pada penambahan persentase pasir gunung 15% memberikan peningkatan nilai CBR terbesar.Kata Kunci: Stabilisasi, Pasir gunung, Nilai CBR.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SABUT KELAPA SEBAGAI MATERIAL SERAT TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON
Authors: Hermansyah Hermansyah , Sachroudi Muhammad Reza
Published: July 2023

Karakteristik dari beton adalah memiliki ketahanan terhadap kuat tekan, namun memiliki kelemahan terhadap kuat tarik dan kuat lentur. Sehingga perlu adanya inovasi yang dapat diterapkan pada campuran beton seperti dengan menambahkan bahan serat yang organik, salah satunya dengan menambahkan campuran sabut kelapa ke dalam campuran beton untuk berinovasi dan mengetahui kekuatan dari beton yang dikombinasi dengan sabut kelapa yang merupakan bahan-bahan organik. Selain itu penambahan sabut kelapa juga diharapkan mampu menunda terjadinya keruntuhan yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menambahkan campuran sabut kelapa dengan variasi panjang 4 cm dengan persentase sabut kelapa sebanyak 0%, 0,3%, 0,6% dan 0,9% dari berat beton normal di setiap masing-masing variasi ke dalam adukan beton segar. Bahan campuran tersebut kemudian diaplikasikan sebagai bahan tambah untuk mengetahui kuat tekan yang dihasilkan oleh beton. Penambahan sabut kelapa dengan persentase rendah diharapkan dapat mengisi rongga-rongga kecil yang ada pada beton, sehingga dapat menghasilkan nilai kuat tekan yang lebih baik lagi. Perhitungan perencanaan campuran beton menggunakan SNI 2834-2000 dengan kuat tekan rencana 35 MPa. Pembuatan benda uji silinder sebanyak 12 buah dengan ukuran 15x30cm menggunakan variasi sabut kelapa sebesar 0%,0,3%,0,6% dan 0,9% dengan setiap variasi terdiri dari 3 benda uji. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan didapatkan bahwa, nilai slump pada bahan tambah campuran beton dengan variasi campuran 0%, 0,3%, 0,6% dan 0,9% menghasilkan nilai slump sebesar 10 cm, 8 cm, 5,5 cm dan 2,5 cm. Dalam hal ini didapatkan nilai slump maksimum terdapat pada variasi 0% dan nilai slump minimum terdapat pada variasi 0,9%. Penggunaan serat sabut kelapa sebagai bahan tambah dengan variasi 0% (beton normal), 0,3%, 0,6% dan 0,9% menghasilkan nilai kuat tekan sebesar 22,81 MPa, 17,35 MPa, 18,38 MPa dan 16,31 MPa. Dalam hal ini didapatkan nilai kuat tekan maksimum terdapat pada variasi 0%.
PEMANFAATAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA PADA PEMBUATAN BETON MUTU RENDAH DI KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Cahyadi Hendra , Abdurrahman Abdurrahman , Ridzeki Fitriani , Kurniawan Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Beton adalah material komposit terdiri dari bahan dasar semen, agregat kasar, agregat halus, air dan dengan atau tanpa bahan tambahan dengan perbandingan tertentu akan membentuk beton. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan bahan tempurung kelapa di Kota Banjarmasin untuk campuran beton mutu rendah sebagai pengganti agregat kasar terhadap persentasi berat, variasi 7,5%, 10% dan 12,5% yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kuat tekan setelah dilakukan pencampuran tempurung kelapa. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari   persiapan material, pengujian agregat kasar (batu   pecah),   agregat   halus   (pasir),   setelah   memenuhi   spesifikasi   dilakukan pembuatan campuran beton normal dan pembuatan beton menggunakan tempurung kelapa, pengujian kuat tekan, analisa data, kemudian kesimpulan dan saran. Prosedur penelitian dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu: penelitian awal untuk menentukan kuat tekan beton normal dan penelitian kedua untuk menentukan kuat tekan beton dengan  menggunakan campuran tempurung  kelapa 7,5%,  10%  dan 12,5% terhadap berat agregat halus (pasir). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan beton normal adalah 314,45 kg/cm2. Kuat tekan maksimal di dapat pada percobaan pertama dengan mengganti 7,5%  arang batok kelapa terhadap agregat halus (pasir) dengan kenaikan kuat tekan sebesar 25,63 Kg/cm2 dari kuat tekan beton normal atau sebesar sebesar 340,08 kg/cm2
ПРІОРИТЕТИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ: АНАЛІЗ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ДОСВІДУ
Authors: Жовнич Олеся
Published: July 2023

У статті на основі аналізу досліджень європейських науковців з’ясовано, що пріоритетним напрямом розвитку сучасної освіти є формування в учнів життєвих навичок. У Європі визнано, що є лише один дієвий спосіб підготувати дитину до успішного дорослого життя: навчити адаптуватися до будь-яких змін, які відбуваються нині та чекають її в майбутньому. Життєві навички допомагають підготувати молодих людей до життя після закінчення навчання та надають можливість успішно розвиватись у всіх сферах життя. Більшість українських дослідників надають перевагу формуванню, так званих, м’яких навичок, до яких відносять ті, що пов’язані з комунікацією та налагодженням людських взаємин (спілкування, робота в команді, лідерство, здатність попереджувати та розв’язувати конфлікти тощо). Спільним висновком європейських науковців є те, що основна роль учителя початкових класів полягає в тому, щоб формувати в учнів життєві навички та соціальні здібності для забезпечення оптимального результату соціального, емоційного, інтелектуального, фізичного та морального розвитку дітей. У країнах Європи важливими факторами для формування життєвих навичок з самого раннього віку визнані сім’я та заклади освіти. Учитель початкових класів відіграє важливу роль у вихованні в своїх учнів хороших звичок. Тому вчителі початкових класів зобов’язані бути прикладом для наслідування. Тому основною метою професійної підготовки вчителів початкових класів є формування їхньої готовності до розвитку життєвих навичок в учнів.
Enhancement of Biogas production and organic reduction of sludge by different pre-treatment processes
Authors: S. Almukhtar Riyadh , A. Alwasiti Asawer , T. Naser Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most common process for dealing with primary and secondary wastewater sludge. In the present work, four pre-treatment methods (ultrasonic, chemical, thermal, and thermo-chemical) are investigated in Al-Rustumya Wastewater Treatment plant in order to find their effect on biogas production and volatile solid removal efficiency during anaerobic digestion.Two frequencies of ultrasonic wave were used 30 KHz and 50 KHz during the pre-treatment. Sodium hydroxide was added in different amounts to give three pH values of 9, 10 and 11 in chemical pre-treating processes. The sludge was heated at 60oC and 80oC through thermal pre-treatment experiment. Also, the sludge was treated thermo-chemically at 80 oC and pH 11 prior to anaerobic digestion. Maximum biogas production (6009 ml) was obtained at ultrasonic pre-treatment method with 30 kHz. The volumetric ratio of produced biogas to the initial volume of sludge is about 4:1.
Effect of Annealing on the Crystallization of Poly Vinyl Chloride for Drug Delivery System
Authors: A. Abdul-Majeed Basma , K. Hussain Hussain , A. Kafel Al-Sultanee Nagam
Published: July 2023

Poly vinyl alcohol has been studied for its ability to form crystallites by using annealing method. Semicrystalline films of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by casting 11.5 wt. % and 13 wt. % PVA aqueous solution onto glass slides at annealing temperature range 90 -120°C and duration time 15- 60 minute. This allowed the macromolecules to form crystallites, small regions of folded and compacted chains separated by amorphous regions where single PVA chain may pass through several of these crystallites. Degree of crystallinity of PVA films (hydrogels) was determined by method of density; on the other hand the swelling behavior was conducted by the determination of water uptake, wet degree of crystallinity, gel fraction and solubility. The results of PVA films showed that water uptake decreased with increasing temperature, time of annealing and PVA concentration, while degree of crystallinity increased, and gel fraction and solubility decreased with increasing temperature and time of annealing. The maximum dry and wet degree of crystallinity was 64% and 36% respectively at 120°C and 60 min.
Removal of Nickel Ions Using A Biosorbent Bed (Laminaria saccharina) Algae
Authors: Kamar AL-Hamadani Firas Hashim
Published: July 2023

The present study aims to remove nickel ions from solution of the simulated wastewater using (Laminaria saccharina) algae as a biosorbent material. Effects of experimental parameters such as temperature at (20 - 40) C⁰, pH at (3 - 7) at time (10 - 120) min on the removal efficiency were studied.Box-Wilson method was adopted to obtain a relationship between the above three experimental parameters and removal percentage of the nickel ions. The experimental data were fitted to second order polynomial model, and the optimum conditions for the removal process of nickel ions were obtained.The highest removal percentage of nickel ions obtained was 98.8 %, at best operating conditions (Temperature 35 C⁰, pH 5 and Time 10 min).
Studying the Performance of Refrigeration Units Powered by Solar Panel
Authors: Majeed Hameed Venus , Ali Hussein Maha
Published: July 2023

An experimental study was conducted to determine the performance of a solar electric refrigeration system. The system contained flat photovoltaic solar panel which absorbs the solar energy and convert it to electrical energy, used to run the refrigeration cycle. Two refrigeration cycles with electrical solar panel were used over a period of 12 months, the first one with classical parts known in refrigeration cycle, while the second one introduced heat exchanger which improves the coefficient of performance by saving the consumed energy. The coefficient of performance of these refrigeration cycles with compressor efficiency 85% are 2.102 and 2.57 respectively. The overall efficiency of the two systems are 18.9% and 23.13%.
Studying the Factors Affecting the Drag Coefficient in Non- Newtonian Fluids
Authors: A. R. Mohammed Muhannad , Adil Elia Halagy Dina
Published: July 2023

The aim of this research is to study the factors affecting drag coefficient (C d ) innon-Newtonian fluids which are the rheological properties ,concentrations of non-Newtonian fluids, particle shape, size and the density difference between particle andfluid .Also this study shows drag coefficient (C d ) and particle Reynolds' number (ReP ) relationship and the effect of rheological properties on this relationship.An experimental apparatus was designed and built, which consists of Perspex pipeof length of 160 cm. and inside diameter of 7.8 cm. to calculate the settling velocity,also electronic circuit was designed to calculate the falling time of particles throughfluid.Two types of solid particles were used; glass spheres and crushed rocks asirregularly shaped particles with different diameters and compared with each other.The concept of equivalent spherical diameter (D S ) was used to calculate thediameters of irregularly shaped particles.The flow behavior for Non-Newtonian fluids was represented by Power-Law model.Two types of polymers were used, Carboxy Methyl Cellulose CMC withconcentrations of (3.71, 5, 15 and 17.5) g/l and polyacrylamide with concentrations of(2, 4 and 6) g/l.The results showed that the drag coefficient decreased with increasing settlingvelocity and particle diameters and sizes; and increased as fluid become far fromNewtonian behavior and concentrations and the density difference between particleand fluid.The results also showed that the rheological properties of Non-Newtonian fluidshave a great effect on the drag coefficient and particle Reynolds number relationship,especially in laminar-slip regime and decreases or vanishes at transition and turbulentslipregimes.New correlations were obtained which relates drag coefficient with concentrationsof polymers and with flow behavior indices for spherical and irregular shapedparticles in Carboxy Methyl Cellulose CMC and polyacrylamide solutions.
Optimal Design of Cylinderical Ectrode Using Neural Network Modeling for Electrochemical Finishing
Authors: M. Faleh Nadhim
Published: July 2023

The finishing operation of the electrochemical finishing technology (ECF) for tube of steel was investigated In this study. Experimental procedures included qualitativeand quantitative analyses for surface roughness and material removal. Qualitative analyses utilized finishing optimization of a specific specimen in various design and operating conditions; value of gap from 0.2 to 10mm, flow rate of electrolytes from 5 to 15liter/min, finishing time from 1 to 4min and the applied voltage from 6 to 12v, to find out the value of surface roughness and material removal at each electrochemical state. From the measured material removal for each process state was used to verify the relationship with finishing time of work piece. Electrochemical finishing proves an effective method to reduce the surface roughness (Ra) from 1.6μm to 0.1μm in 4 min. Finally, the observed relationships were used to predicate the diameter of blank, tool diameter and flow rate by neural network modeling ANN which has inputs defined by the finished hole diameter, surface roughness, and finishing time. Three of hidden layers and their neurons were found by an integration procedure. The design charts observed from this study utilize the designers in predication of diameter for blank and design of electrode.
Microfiltration Membranes for Separating Oil / Water Emulsion
Authors: Faiq Al-Alawy Ahmed , Mohsin Al – Musawi Samah
Published: July 2023

This research was aimed to study the efficiency of microfiltration membranes for the treatment of oily wastewater and the factors affecting the performance of the microfiltration membranes experimental work were includes operating the microfiltration process using polypropylene membrane (1 micron) and ceramic membrane (0.5 micron) constructed as candle; two methods of operation were examined: dead end and cross flow. The oil emulsion was prepared using two types of oils: vegetable oil and motor oil (classic oil 20W-50). The operating parameters studied are: feed oil concentration 50 – 800 mg/l, feed flow rate 10 – 40 l/h, and temperature 30 – 50 oC, for dead end and cross flow microfiltration.It was found that water flux decreases with increasing operating time and feed oil concentration and increases with increasing operating temperature, feed flow rate and pore size of membrane. Also, it was found that rejection percentage of oil increases with increasing flow rate and rejection percentage decreases with increasing time, feed oil concentration, feed temperature and pore size of membrane for dead end and cross flow microfiltration. In cross flow microfiltration, reject concentration (concentrate) increases with increasing flow rate, feed concentration, time and feed temperature. The dead end filter has more flux compared to cross flow filter, while, in cross flow the oil rejection percentage is best than dead end. Flux for vegetable oil is more than motor oil but rejection percentage for vegetable oil is less than that for motor oil. The highest recovery ratio was found is 44.8% for cross flow process with recirculation of concentrating stream to feed vessel. The highest rejection percentage of oil was found is 98 % and 97.8 % for cross flow and dead ends respectively.
Evaluation of Sodium Chloride and Acidity Effect on Corrosion of Buried Carbon Steel Pipeline in Iraqi Soil
Authors: Sulaiman Qasim , Al – Taie Ali , Hassan Dahlia Mohamed , And Industrial Development Commission of Research
Published: July 2023

In this work, corrosion parameters were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization curves. In order to determine corrosion parameters of potential and current density of the interesting metal, carbon steel, environmental conditions of external corrosion of buried carbon steel pipeline in Iraqi soil were prepared in the laboratory using simulated prepared conditions. Solutions of sodium chloride at different concentrations (300, 1100, 1900, 2700, and 3500 ppm) were used. pH of solution were acidic at pH =5, and alkaline at pH = 9. Laboratory conditions were similar to those of Iraqi soil where the pipelines were buried. Temperature was constant at 20 °C. Potentiodynamic polarization curves, of potential vs. log current density, were obtained using M Lab Multi-Channel Potentiostat/Galvanostat. The carbon steel coupon (ASTM A179-84A) was used as the studied metal. The results of this work reveal the behavior of carbon steel in external corrosion conditions under Iraqi soil. The rate of corrosion, of carbon steel, increases with the increase in chloride concentration in solution. As pH changes from acidic to alkaline medium, the rate of corrosion decreases.
Microwave Assisted Demulsification of Iraqi Crude Oil Emulsions Using Tri-octyl Methyl Ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) Ionic Liquid
Authors: A.M. Mohammed Sawsan , K. Salih Watheq
Published: July 2023

In the present work, the efficiency of Tri-octyl Methyl Ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) ionic liquid was investigated as new and green demulsifier for three types of Iraqi crude oil emulsions (Nafut Khana (NK), Kirkuk and Basrah). The separation efficiency was studied at room temperature and by using microwave heating technique. Several batch experiments were done to specify the suitable conditions for the emulsification and demulsification which were specified as 45 minutes and 3000 rpm for crude oil emulsification while the ionic liquid doses were (500,300,150,50) ppm and the conditions of microwave heating were 1000 watt and 50 second as irradiation time. The results were very encouraging especially for NK and Kirkuk crude oil emulsions where the separation efficiency was between (100%-95%) in both cases (by microwave heating and at room temperature demulsification). The separation percentages of Basrah crude emulsion varied but as a general result, the efficiency was acceptable for high doses at the same time, while for low doses, the water removal ratio was not good as the previous one.
Study the Feasibility of Alumina for the Adsorption of Metal Ions from Water
Authors: A. Alnajar Jenan , A. Kwaeri Asawer , H. Sayhood Ramzi , H. Slaymon Abbas
Published: July 2023

The present work describes the adsorption of Ba2+ and Mg2+ions from aqueous solutions by activated alumina in single and binary system using batch adsorption. The effect of different parameters such as amount of alumina, concentration of metal ions, pH of solution, contact time and agitation speed on the adsorption process was studied. The optimum adsorbent dosage was found to be 0.5 g and 1.5 g for removal of Ba2+ and Mg2+, respectively. The optimum pH, contact time and agitation speed, were found to be pH 6, 2h and 300 rpm, respectively, for removal of both metal ions. The equilibrium data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the data fitted well to both isotherm modes as indicated by higher correlation of determination R2> 0.87 in both single and binary systems. Pore diffusion model for batch adsorption was used to predict the concentration decay curve for adsorption of Ba2+ and Mg2+ onto activated alumina. There was a good agreement between the experimental data and the predicted decay curves using pore diffusion model.
Comparison between Electroplating and Electroless on Plastic Surface
Authors: J.M. Slaiman Qassim , A. Slman Khlas
Published: July 2023

We report a method of converting non-conductive plastic surfaces into conductive by plating either copper electroless or copper electroplating -carbon black containing bending Agent onto Perspex plastics . Various approaches have been studied in order to comparing properties of the plated copper for two methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM),thickness, roughness, porosity, tensile Strength and elongation. The results show that the surface of electroplating was uniform, compact, and continuous and it had an obvious metallic sheen, while the surface of plated copper for electroless for it had many pores. Also observed that the coating was composed of small cells. These cells have been deposited together closely.

Thick copper layer was deposited a(38μm ) electroplating while (5μm) for electroless plating tensile strength and elongation of copper electroplating became greater compared with copper electroless, whereas the roughness and Porosity became smaller.

The electroplating copper deposition process developed in this study may open up a new route of plating on plastics (POP) for printed circuit boards, electromagnetic interference shielding, and many other applications.
The impact of baseline cervical malalignment on the development of proximal junctional kyphosis following surgical correction of thoracolumbar adult spinal deformity
Authors: Passfall Lara , Imbo Bailey , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Smith Justin S. , Line Breton , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Daniels Alan H. , Kebaish Khaled M. , Gum Jeffrey L. , Koller Heiko , Hamilton D. Kojo , Hostin Richard , Gupta Munish , Anand Neel , Ames Christopher P. , Hart Robert , Burton Douglas , Schwab Frank J. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Klineberg Eric O. , Kim Han Jo , Bess Shay , Passias Peter G.
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of baseline cervical deformity (CD) on proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF) in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD).

METHODS

This study was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected, multicenter database comprising ASD patients enrolled at 13 participating centers from 2009 to 2018. Included were ASD patients aged > 18 years with concurrent CD (C2–7 kyphosis < −15°, T1S minus cervical lordosis > 35°, C2–7 sagittal vertical axis > 4 cm, chin-brow vertical angle > 25°, McGregor’s slope > 20°, or C2–T1 kyphosis > 15° across any three vertebrae) who underwent surgery. Patients were grouped according to four deformity classification schemes: Ames and Passias CD modifiers, sagittal morphotypes as described by Kim et al., and the head versus trunk balance system proposed by Mizutani et al. Mean comparison tests and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of these deformity classifications on PJK and PJF rates up to 3 years following surgery.

RESULTS

A total of 712 patients with concurrent ASD and CD met the inclusion criteria (mean age 61.7 years, 71% female, mean BMI 28.2 kg/m2, and mean Charlson Comorbidity Index 1.90) and underwent surgery (mean number of levels fused 10.1, mean estimated blood loss 1542 mL, and mean operative time 365 minutes; 70% underwent osteotomy). By approach, 59% of the patients underwent a posterior-only approach and 41% underwent a combined approach. Overall, 277 patients (39.1%) had PJK by 1 year postoperatively, and an additional 189 patients (26.7%) developed PJK by 3 years postoperatively. Overall, 65 patients (9.2%) had PJF by 3 years postoperatively. Patients classified as having a cervicothoracic deformity morphotype had higher rates of early PJK than flat neck deformity and cervicothoracic deformity patients (p = 0.020). Compared with the head-balanced patients, trunk-balanced patients had higher rates of PJK and PJF (both p < 0.05). Examining Ames modifier severity showed that patients with moderate and severe deformity by the horizontal gaze modifier had higher rates of PJK (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with concurrent cervical and thoracolumbar deformities undergoing isolated thoracolumbar correction, the use of CD classifications allows for preoperative assessment of the potential for PJK and PJF that may aid in determining the correction of extending fusion levels.
Does low-back pain improve after decompressive spinal surgery? A prospective observational study from the British Spine Registry
Authors: Knight James , Rangnekar Ranjit , Richardson Daniel , McIlroy Suzanne , Bell David , Ahmed Aminul I.
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

Lumbar spine decompression surgery, in the form of laminectomy or discectomy, is known to be effective in improving symptoms of radiculopathy and neurogenic claudication. However, it is less clear how it impacts coexisting low-back pain (LBP). The aim of this study was to quantify the change in LBP after lumbar decompression.

METHODS

This study analyzed data from the British Spine Registry on patients who underwent lumbar decompression surgery. LBP severity was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the primary outcome was the change in VAS score at 1 year, with secondary outcomes measuring the change in score at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 2 years. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was defined as a 30% reduction in pain.

RESULTS

Of the 25,349 patients included in the study, 92.2% reported significant back pain at baseline. Of the entire cohort, 12,951 (55.4%) patients had follow-up data for 6 weeks, 9066 (38.8%) for 6 months, 7926 (33.9%) for 1 year, and 5517 (23.6%) for 2 years; 17,304 (68.3%) patients had follow-up data for at least one time point. Sixty-two percent of patients attained the MCID (VAS score ≥ 30%) in back pain reduction, with 51% reporting a substantial improvement (VAS score ≥ 50%). This improvement was observed by 6 weeks postoperation and was mostly maintained at 2 years. Patients with back pain predominance were more likely to attain the MCID compared with those with leg pain predominance (63.6% vs 60.1%; OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.34; p = 0.0291). Severity of baseline back pain did not reduce the proportion attaining the MCID.

CONCLUSIONS

Regardless of pain presentation, LBP improves in approximately 62% of patients who undergo lumbar decompressive surgery, with 51% experiencing substantial improvement. Patients undergoing lumbar decompression can be advised on the chance of a meaningful improvement in back pain postsurgery.
Improvement in predominant back pain following minimally invasive decompression for spinal stenosis
Authors: Korsun Maximilian K. , Shahi Pratyush , Shinn Daniel J. , Pajak Anthony , Araghi Kasra , Maayan Omri , Singh Nishtha , Tuma Olivia , Asada Tomoyuki , Singh Sumedha , Kim Ashley Yeo Eun , Mai Eric , Lu Amy Z. , Sheha Evan , Dowdell James , Qureshi Sheeraz , Iyer Sravisht
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of patients with predominant back pain (pBP) undergoing minimally invasive decompression surgery compared with patients with nonpredominant back pain (npBP).

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presenting complaint: 1) pBP, defined as visual analog scale (VAS) back pain score > VAS leg pain score; and 2) npBP. Changes in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were compared at the early (< 6 months) and late (≥ 6 months) postoperative time points. Outcomes measures were: 1) PROMs (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI], VAS back and leg pain scores, 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey Physical Component Score [SF-12 PCS], and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function [PROMIS PF]), and 2) minimal clinically important difference (MCID) achievement rate and time. For the late MCID achievement point, a second analysis was conducted restricting VAS back and leg pain scores only to patients with preoperative scores ≥ 5.

RESULTS

Three hundred ninety patients were included (126 with pBP and 264 with npBP). There were no differences in patient demographics and operated levels. There were no differences in preoperative ODI, SF-12 PCS, and PROMIS PF scores. The pBP cohort had a significantly greater preoperative VAS back pain score than the npBP cohort, whereas the npBP cohort had a significantly greater preoperative VAS leg pain score than the pBP cohort. There were no differences in the absolute values or changes in ODI, VAS back pain, SF-12 PCS, and PROMIS PF scores at any time point. There was a significant difference in the early VAS leg pain scores (greater in npBP) that disappeared by the late postoperative time point. There was no difference in the MCID achievement rate in the ODI, SF-12 PCS, or PROMIS PF scores. By the late postoperative time point, 51.2% and 55.3% achieved an MCID on the ODI, 58.1% and 62.7% on the SF-12 PCS, 60% and 67.6% on the PROMIS PF, 81.1% and 73.2% on VAS back pain scores for those with preoperative scores ≥ 5, and 72% and 83.6% on VAS leg pain scores for those with preoperative scores ≥ 5 for the pBP and npBP cohorts, respectively. Additionally, there were no differences in time to MCID achievement for any PROMs.

CONCLUSIONS

The pBP and npBP cohorts showed similar improvement in PROMs and MCID achievement rates. This result shows that minimally invasive laminectomy is equally effective for patients presenting with pBP or npBP.
Lateral ventricle subependymoma resected with a transcallosal approach: illustrative case
Authors: Rubino Franco , Catalino Michael P. , Andrade de Almeida Romulo A. , S. Prabhu Sujit
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Subependymomas are World Health Organization grade I tumors, and 30% occur in the lateral ventricles. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, and the transcallosal or transcortical/transsulcal approaches are preferred for those tumors occurring near the foramen of Monro or atrium. Visualization, proximity to the fornix and basal ganglia, hydrocephalus, and brain retraction during surgery make these operations challenging. The authors present the case of a 65-year-old male with a subependymoma located in the left lateral ventricle. The tumor was completely resected using an interhemispheric/transcallosal approach.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors analyze the anatomopathological features of subependymoma, along with the clinical behavior and therapeutic options. The authors discuss in detail the advantages and disadvantages of the interhemispheric/transcallosal approach for resection of these tumors.

LESSONS

Subependymomas are slow-growing lesions with an indolent yet complicated course making surgical removal challenging yet feasible using the correct techniques. The interhemispheric transcallosal approach offers an excellent route for the resection of large subependymomas, but there is still a significant risk for postoperative complications.
Pachymeningeal en plaque metastasis from gastric cancer mimicking subdural hematoma: illustrative case
Authors: Wu Hsuan-Yi , Lam Chee-Tat , Kuan Ai Seon , Chen Tong-Jong , Wu Chen-Shu , Tsai Ming-Cheng
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Pachymeningeal metastasis associated with gastric cancer, especially in its early stages, is extremely rare.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors describe a 77-year-old man with a past medical history of lung cancer and previously treated chronic subdural hematoma who was admitted to their hospital because of hematemesis and newly diagnosed gastric cancer. He became unconscious during the hospitalization. The preoperative brain imaging studies had the appearance of recurrent subdural hematoma and extracranial tumor with skull invasion. Craniotomy revealed pachymeningeal carcinomatosis and en plaque metastasis of tumor. The histopathology of the tumors was consistent with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma.

LESSONS

This is the first reported case of metastatic gastric cancer as a pachymeninges-based en plaque entity. This report highlights the rare radiological presentation and operative findings in this case. The authors also summarize those case reports associated with dural metastasis arising from gastric cancer.
Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Camat Kecamatan Sipora Selatan Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai
Authors: Simanjuntak Silvester , Anggraeni Meri Dwi
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of job satisfaction and job stress on employee performance at the sub-district office of South Sipora District, Mentawai Islands Regency. This research was conducted at the District Office of South Sipora Subdistrict, Mentawai Islands Regency. The sample selection method used is total sampling and obtained as many as 32 samples. The data collection technique used in this research is by using a questionnaire or questionnaire to employees at the Sub-District Head Office of South Sipora. The method of data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis of the data indicate that the results of the partial hypothesis are that the job satisfaction variable has a significant influence on employees performance and the work stress variable has a significant influence on employees performance. Meanwhile, simultaneously job satisfaction and work stress have a significant influence on employees performance with an R2 value of 75.8%.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan guna menguji serta menganalisis Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di Kantor Camat Kecamatan Sipora Selatan Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Kantor Camat Kecamatan Sipora Selatan Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai. Metode pemilihan sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling dan didapat sebanyak 32 sampel. Teknik mengumpulkan data yang digunakan yaitu dengan mempergunakan angket atau kuesioner kepada pegawai pada Kantor Camat Kecamatan Sipora Selatan. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis dari data menunjukkan bahwa hasil hipotesis secara parsial yaitu variabel kepuasan kerja signifikan memengaruhi kinerja pegawai dan variabel stres kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Sementara secara simultan kepuasan kerja dan stres kerja juga signifikan memengaruhi kinerja pegawai dengan nilai R2 adalah sebesar 75,8%.