bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing a Guiding Catheter to Improve Endovascular Therapy Outcomes for Acute Vertebrobasilar Artery Occlusion in Patients with Tortuous Vessels
Authors: Himeno Takahiro , Ohtonari Tatsuya , Tanaka Akio , Inoue Tomoyuki , Koori Ryuusuke , Sato Kouta , Miyazaki Takeshi , Ota Shinzo
Published: May 2024

Objective Stable and swift placement of a guiding catheter in endovascular therapies for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion is often difficult because of the tortuous bends of the vertebral or subclavian artery especially in older people. The use of a delivery assist guiding catheter (DAGC) shortens the time with stable support to deliver a therapeutic treatment catheter to the target lesions. Herein, we reported the clinical and radiographic outcomes in endovascular therapies utilizing the DAGC for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusions in actual clinical settings.

Materials and Methods Between January 2018 and December 2021, 33 consecutive patients (males, 20[60.6%]; median age, 78 years) using a DAGC for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion were analyzed retrospectively. Reperfusion was graded using postinterventional angiograms based on the “thrombolysis in cerebral infarction” (TICI) classification. Furthermore, the time from puncture to recanalization and the rate of effective recanalization achievement were investigated.

Results Effective recanalization with TICI 2b or 3 was achieved in 28 (84.8%) patients, and the median time from puncture to recanalization was only 44 minutes, despite the high rate of older patients in our cohort. In contrast, asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage as a complication was observed in only 3 (9.1%) patients.

Conclusion The DAGC contributes to the shortening of recanalization time and improves the outcomes of endovascular therapies for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion.
Myxopapillary Ependymoma Metastasis Mimicking Pulmonary Embolism: An Illustrative Case
Authors: Fecker Adeline , Maanum Kayla A. , Shahin Maryam N. , Hakar Melanie , Wright III James M.
Published: May 2024

Myxopapillary ependymomas (MPEs) are rare spinal cord tumors with low rates of metastasis outside of the neuraxis. Gross total resection of MPEs can significantly improve progression-free survival; however, adjunctive treatment remains unstandardized. A 29-year-old female with a history of spina bifida occulta surgical correction and lower back pain presented with dyspnea and tachycardia. A large pulmonary artery mass was discovered consistent with pulmonary thromboembolism. It was subsequently determined to be an intravascular metastasis secondary to sacral MPE. Standardization of MPE treatment and clinical suspicion of spinal neoplasm in the setting of chronic back pain with undetermined origin are of value.
Impact of Naming Treatment on Linguistic and Cognitive Abilities in Persons with Aphasia: A Case Report
Authors: Gowda Yashaswini Channabasave , Nagaraj Hema
Published: May 2024

Aphasia is a language impairment seen in individuals with brain damage. Naming impairments are commonly noticed in persons with aphasia. Speech-language therapy with traditional approaches in treating naming impairments was found effective in treating specific impairments at the level of semantic and phonemic processing. A combined approach in treatment is a new step toward training naming abilities in persons with aphasia. An intensive treatment plan with domain-specific techniques helps in the overall progression seen in communicative effectiveness. In this case report, we present a 23-year-old male with Wernicke's aphasia as a sequel of a cerebrovascular accident. We discuss the assessment of language and cognitive impairments and management of the language domain alone in the case reported. This case report highlights the impact of naming treatment on overall communicative effectiveness. The importance of early and intensive intervention programs for persons with aphasia could render a better prognosis. The speech-language pathologist's role in planning therapy (counterbalancing methods) goals for treating aphasia is vital in progress.
Rare Cause of Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction and Double Duct Sign
Authors: Goel Akash , Singla Vikas , Bopanna Sawan , Singh Pankaj , Shawl Muzaffer Rashid
Published: May 2024

Double duct sign on imaging is defined as dilated common bile duct and pancreatic duct till ampulla and is usually associated with an ampullary obstruction likely periampullary malignancy. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is an uncommon cause of double duct sign. In the present case, we are discussing a rare cause of Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction with double duct sign.
Proximal Scaphoid Reconstruction Techniques Comparison of Three Techniques for Proximal Scaphoid Recontruction
Authors: Gil Joseph A. , Burnier Marion , Hooke Alexander , Elhassan Bassem , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: May 2024

Introduction The costo-osteochondral autograft, vascularized medial femoral trochlear osteochondral autograft, and proximal hamate autograft have been used for the reconstruction of unsalvageable proximal pole scaphoid nonunions. Our hypothesis is that there is no difference in carpal kinematics after the proximal pole of the scaphoid is reconstructed with these three graft options.

Methods Wireless sensors were mounted to the carpus that was loaded through cyclical motion. Each specimen was tested under a series of the three reconstructed conditions and their kinematics compared.

Results No significant differences were found in scapholunate and lunocapitate joint motion during wrist flexion-extension and wrist radioulnar deviation between the three reconstructed conditions (p > 0.05).

Discussion and Conclusion There are minimal differences in carpal kinematics when comparing reconstruction of the proximal pole of the scaphoid with the costoosteochondral, medial femoral trochlear, and proximal hamate grafts.
Relation with Knowledge and Attitude on Health Promotion Activities among Adults with Lifestyle Disease—A Cohort Study
Authors: Naik Archana , Naik Chetan
Published: May 2024

Introduction The World Health Organization (2010) reported that, in India, the estimated mortality rate due to noncommunicable diseases among males is 61.8% and 55% among females, indicating that lifestyle diseases are a significant challenge to public health. Thus, the study aimed to find the correlation between knowledge and attitude of health promotion activities among patients with lifestyle diseases.

Materials and Methods One hundred adults with lifestyle diseases were selected purposively with predetermined inclusion criteria for the study. The knowledge and attitude scores on health promotion activities were assessed using demographic proforma, knowledge questionnaire on lifestyle diseases, and a five-point Likert scale on attitude on health promotional activities.

Results The results highlighted that the majority 51% had inadequate knowledge on health promotion activities of lifestyle diseases, and 58% of the subjects had an unfavorable attitude toward health promotion activities. The study found that there is a significant association between the key demographic variables with knowledge and attitude toward lifestyle diseases with p < 0.05.

Conclusion Lifestyle diseases contribute to major disease burden toward any society as well as it increases mortality and morbidity rates. Current study's result evidences that the increase in knowledge on lifestyle diseases influences the attitude toward health promotional activities.
Polymorphous Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young (PLNTY): Scoping Review of Case Reports and Case Series
Authors: Singh Daulat , Joshi Vijay P. , Pattankar Sanjeev , Maurya Ved Prakash , Mishra Rakesh , Cincu Rafael , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Agrawal Amit
Published: May 2024

Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is considered one of the low-grade neuroepithelial tumors, as per the World Health Organization 2021 classification of brain tumors. First described in 2016, these morphologically variable tumors are characterized by oligodendroglioma-like cellular components, infiltrative growth patterns, and cluster of differentiation 34 immunopositivity. A literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and COCHRANE databases (from inception to 20th June 2022) was carried out to identify relevant studies. To identify additional studies, we performed a recursive search of the bibliographies of the selected articles and published systematic reviews on this topic. The search yielded a total of 64 results. After removing duplicates, 26 articles were eligible for the review. The diagnostic criteria for these glioneuronal variants, representing a broad neuropathological spectrum, are not distinct and hence impede proper diagnosis and prognosis. Frequent genetic abnormalities involving mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway constituents, such as B-Raf proto-oncogene or fibroblast growth receptor 2/3, are harbored by PLNTYs. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have resulted in more accurate tumor classification systems, based on gene expression profiles and DNA methylation patterns. Gross total resection seems curative, with a low recurrence rate. Malignant transformation is rare; however, adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be beneficial in selected cases.
Postpartum Hemorrhage after Vaginal Delivery Is Associated with a Decrease in Immediate Breastfeeding Success
Authors: Roig Jacqueline , Rekawek Patricia , Doctor Tahera , Naert Mackenzie N. , Cadet Julie , Monro Johanna , Stone Joanne L. , Liu Lilly Y.
Published: May 2024

Objective This study aimed to identify the impact of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery on immediate breastfeeding success.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study examining the impact of PPH on breastfeeding for nulliparous patients after term, singleton, vaginal deliveries at a large academic institution from 2017 to 2018. Indicators of successful breastfeeding in the immediate postpartum period were measured by the presence of breastfeeding, the need for formula supplementation, the average number of breastfeeding sessions per day, the average amount of time spent at each breastfeeding session, the average number of newborn stools and wet diapers produced daily, and the neonatal percentage in weight loss over the first 2 to 3 days of life.

Results A total of 1,904 women met inclusion criteria during the study period, 262 (13.8%) of whom experienced PPH, defined as an estimated blood loss of 500 mL or greater after vaginal delivery. Women who had a PPH had significantly fewer breastfeeding sessions on average (β = −0.06, p-value 0.01) and required more time at each breastfeeding session (β = 0.08, p-value <0.002). Neonates of women with PPH had a larger percentage in weight loss over the first 2 to 3 days of life compared with those without PPH (β = 0.06, p = 0.008).

Conclusion Women who experience PPH after vaginal delivery have a decreased number of breastfeeding sessions despite spending more time trying to breastfeed, and an increased percentage in neonatal weight loss over the first 2 to 3 days of life. Further work is needed to elicit the mechanism behind this association; however, it is possible that PPH results in decreased secretion of endogenous oxytocin from the hypothalamic–pituitary axis as a result of hypovolemia. These women may therefore require additional breastfeeding support for successful breastfeeding initiation in the immediate postpartum period.

Key Points
Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Pediatric Encephalitis in Thailand
Authors: Saengow Vitchayaporn Emarach , Praphaphanthasak Natnicha
Published: May 2024

Encephalitis, a severe central nervous system infection, poses significant morbidity and mortality risks. Etiologically, this condition can arise from infections or immune-mediated mechanisms, with varying causative agents across regions. Despite limited studies on pediatric encephalitis in Thailand, our retrospective cohort study aimed to discern the characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors influencing clinical results. We examined patients under 15 years of age admitted to Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2022, recording baseline data encompassing clinical manifestations, etiology, investigations, and treatments. The study defined outcomes in terms of morbidity, subsequent epilepsy incidence, and mortality rates evaluated via the modified Rankin Scale. Among 183 enrolled patients (age range 5 days to 15 years, mean age 7.4 years), males comprised 54.1%. Viral encephalitis (35.52%) and immune-mediated encephalitis (22.4%) emerged as the prevailing etiologies, with herpes simplex, dengue, and influenza virus as prominent viral pathogens. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartame receptor encephalitis (56.1%) led among immune-mediated cases. Initially, 94.53% of patients displayed moderate-to-severe disability, while 45.7% exhibited clinical improvement within 6 months. Subsequent epilepsy ensued in 38.8% of cases, with an overall mortality rate of 19%, notably higher in viral encephalitis instances. Our findings underscore a predilection for viral pathogens in pediatric encephalitis cases, contributing to inferior prognoses. This study accentuates the necessity of understanding etiological patterns and prognostic markers to enhance clinical outcomes in this vulnerable population segment.
Collision Tumor Composed of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma and Meningioma in the Sellar Region: Report of a Case and Literature Review
Authors: Baldawa Sachin , Raikhailkar Abhay
Published: May 2024

Background The coexistence of two histologically distinct neoplasms in the same area without histological admixture or an intermediate cell population zone represents a rare tumor type called collision tumor. Collision tumor of pituitary adenoma and meningioma has been reported years later following irradiation to pituitary adenoma. However, collision tumor of pituitary adenoma and meningioma in absence of irradiation therapy is extremely uncommon.

Case Description We report an unusual case of collision tumor involving diaphragma sella meningioma and pituitary adenoma in a 50-year-old lady without prior radiation therapy. She presented with visual blurring and impaired field of vision. Her preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was suggestive of pituitary adenoma. Total excision of the lesion was performed through endoscopic transsphenoidal route. Histological diagnosis was consistent with collision tumor of pituitary adenoma and meningioma.

Conclusion Collision tumor comprising of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma and meningioma is extremely rare. Preoperative MRI may not always be able to distinguish these histologically distinct neoplasms. Hence, histopathological examination is necessary to establish the diagnosis. Endoscopic transsphenoidal approach may suffice in excision of these collision tumors. Close follow-up is necessary to detect tumor recurrence. Though the association of these tumors can be coincidental, casual relationship between the occurrence of collision tumors cannot be totally excluded.
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ulnar Impaction Syndrome (2024)
Authors: Xu Wendong , Ho Pak Cheong , Nakamura Toshiyasu , Ecker Jeffrey Oscar , Fujio Keiji , Lee Joo Yup , Chen Shanlin , Koo Siu Cheong Jeffrey Justin , Chan Ping Tak , Chin Andrew Yuan Hui , Lee Young Kuen , Shih Jui Tien , Tse Wing Lim , Wahegaonkar Abhijeet L. , Chen Yaolong
Published: May 2024

Background Ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS), also known as ulnar impaction or ulnar abutment, is a degenerative condition causing pain on the ulnar side of the wrist. It can lead to wrist bone necrosis, resulting in wrist joint stability disruption and a significant wrist function impairment. The global understanding of this condition varies, contributing to substantial differences in clinical outcomes.

Purposes This paper underscores the necessity of developing evidence-based clinical guidelines for UIS to guide clinicians in their diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Materials and Methods In collaboration with the Asian Pacific Wrist Association, a team of experts from various fields within the Hand Surgery Department at Huashan Hospital has collectively formulated the “Clinical Practice Guidelines for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome (2024)” (hereinafter referred to as the “Guidelines”). The development process adhered to the guidelines outlined in the World Health Organization's handbook for guideline development.

Results Ten key questions and 21 recommendations are formed. The Guidelines provide recommendations for UIS diagnosis, criteria for selecting conservative or surgical interventions, options for surgical procedures, and address various related issues.

Conclusions The collaborative effort aims to standardize clinical practices, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and improve treatment outcomes for individuals affected by UIS, with these recommendations intended to serve as a valuable reference for healthcare professionals.
2023 Undetectable = Untransmittable global policy roundtable report: a multistakeholder perspective on Undetectable = Untransmittable research and policy priorities
Authors: Wells N. , Richman B. , Grace D. , Riley B. , Hui C. , Vojnov L. , Stackpool-Moore L. , Ong J. J. , Dowell-Day A. , Allan B.
Published: May 2024

Background Launched in 2016 by Prevention Access Campaign, the ‘Undetectable = Untransmittable’ (U=U) campaign empowers people living with HIV to live full social, sexual and reproductive lives, dismantle stigma, promote increased treatment access, and advocate for updated HIV guidelines. Methods Key priorities for promoting improvements to community-centred, evidence-informed U=U policy and research were the focus of a half-day global roundtable held in 2023 alongside the 12th International AIDS Society Conference in Brisbane, Australia. After a series of presentations, experts in U=U research, policymaking, advocacy and HIV clinical care participated in facilitated discussions, and detailed notes were taken on issues related to advancing U=U policy and research. Results Expert participants shared that knowledge and trust in U=U remains uneven, and is largely concentrated among people living with HIV, particularly those connected to gay and bisexual networks. It was agreed that there is a need to ensure all members of priority populations are explicitly included in U=U policies that promote U=U. Participants also identified a need for policymakers, healthcare professionals, advocates and researchers to work closely with community-based organisations to ensure the U=U message is relevant, useful, and utilised in the HIV response. Adopting language, such as ‘zero risk’, was identified as crucial when describing undetectable viral load as an effective HIV prevention strategy. Conclusion U=U can have significant benefits for the mental and physical wellbeing of people living with HIV. There is an urgent need to address the structural barriers to HIV care and treatment access to ensure the full benefits of U=U are realised.
Impact of Exponential Heat Source and Thermal Radiation on the flow of Hybrid Nanofluid across a Bi-Directional Stretching Surface with Activation Energy
Authors: Narayana Naik Rajavath , Suneetha S. , Srinivasa Babu K.S. , Jayachandra Babu M.
Published: May 2024

The study focuses on how activation energy and exponential heat source affects the radiative motion of a hybrid nanofluid (EG + ZnO + TiO
2) over a bidirectional elongating sheet. Convective boundary condition is assumed. The bvp4c, an inherent function in MATLAB, is used to unravel the altered system deduced from those equations which describe the current work in the two scenarios, i.e., binary (EG + ZnO + TiO
2) and mono (EG + ZnO) nanofluids. Added a little quantitative discussion regarding engineering parameters including Sherwood number. The most notable findings from this study are mentioned here. Enhanced volume fraction of ZnO lessens the fluid velocity and increasing heat source parameter step-up the fluid temperature. It was noticed that with a raise in magnetic field and the volume fraction of ZnO lessens the friction factor. The rate of mass transfer is lowered with the enhanced activation energy parameter and the same enhances as the reaction rate parameter is amplified. The increment quantities in the Sherwood number against the reaction rate parameter (Γ) are 0.35151 (EG + ZnO + TiO
2) and 0.35125 (EG + ZnO), when Γ is set to 0 ≤ Γ ≤ 0.9. Furthermore, the decrement rates in mass transfer rate against the activation parameter (En
) are observed as 0.02681 (EG + ZnO + TiO
2) and 0.02687 (EG + ZnO), when En
is set to 0 ≤ En
≤ 2.5. It is detected that there is an amelioration in the heat transmission rate with the raise in Biot number (Bi). It has been noticed that, when Bi fixed to be 0 ≤ Bi ≤ 0.8, Nusselt number is lowered by 0.736332 (EG + ZnO + TiO
2) and 0.621826 (EG + ZnO). Our findings are checked against previous findings for validity. A reasonable compromise has been uncovered.
Biogenic Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles using the Roots of Mirabilis Jalapa for Efficient Removal of Eluent, Anti-Bacterial, and Antioxidant: A Sustainable Approach.
Authors: Madhavi B. , Prameeladevi S. , Annapurna N. , Padma M.
Published: May 2024

Magnetite nanoparticles hold quite immense applications in the fields of drug delivery, environmental remedies, and magnetic resonance imaging as they are biocompatible and can stabilize and reduce. An eco-friendly approach that is viable and sustainable for synthesizing magnetite nanoparticles with controlled properties has new avenues for their applications in various fields. Magnetite nanoparticles are often used in the removal of organic eluents as they can adsorb heavy metals which binds on the surface and cleans the polluted area. Magnetite nanoparticles synthesized from the roots of Mirabilis Jalapa have a variety of uses in the treatment of lesion infections. As antioxidants, they reduce the oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Morphology, size, and form of Magnetite nanoparticles are determined by UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, TEM, TGA, XRD, and FTIR, respectively.
A Review on Energy Storage Technologies: Current Trends and Future Opportunities
Authors: Padamurthy Ankammarao , Vatala Manikanth , Kumar Gandla Praveen , Santosh P V Ch R K , Sheelwant Amar , Vemanaboina Harinadh
Published: May 2024

Despite the fact that numerous energy storage technologies have already been reviewed in the scientific literature, these innovations are right now at various stages of technological development, with only a few having been demonstrated for use on a large scale. The majority of research articles on energy storage give detailed descriptions of these technologies, but there is little data on how these technologies compared when used for energy storage. This paper provides a comprehensive review on energy storage concepts and also compares the different energy storage technologies in terms of research trends and future opportunities. Among the reviewed energy storage technologies, the thermochemical energy storage (TCES) method stands as an attractive and potential alternative to the conventional heat storage methods like sensible and latent thermal energy storage (STES and LTES) for several reasons that include: high energy storage density, minimal heat losses between the system and surroundings, and long term heat storage.
The study of rate constants of redox reactions on cobalt (III) complexes of α-hydroxy acids with quinolinium chlorochromate (QCC) in micellar medium
Authors: Raghupathi Raju M. V. , Vijaya Kumar N. , Tulasi Bhavani K. , Subramani K. , Rama Swamy G. , Prameela Devi S. , Tirumala Rao B. , Lakshmi Kanth G. V.
Published: May 2024

Complexes of QCC with bound and unbound alpha-hydroxy acids of Co (III) in the micellar medium is unable to obtain some sort of electron transport mode kinetics in the medium. Unbound and bound hydroxy acids are oxidised by QCC, which also oxidizes Cobalt (III). The Cobalt (III) centre cannot receive an electron while the C-C bond is being split. These compounds’ oxidation rates rise in direct proportion to their temperature. When the concentration of surfactant is increased, the rate increases. More than ammonium laurylsuphate, DDAC can speed up the oxidation of the process (ALS). A similar pattern was found in the Co (III) complexes containing lactato, glycolato, and mandelato.
Evaluation of tensile properties of ABS material specimen using commercial and manufactured filaments in FDM process
Authors: Nanda Kumar P. , Ravi Kumar P.S , Lakshmi Narayana C. , Uday Kumar P.
Published: May 2024

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is the most common of engineering plastic materials; it is copolymer of Styrene-Acrylonitrile and butadiene styrene in special form. It is widely used in substantive and Additive Manufacturing (AM) applications. AM is a promising manufacturing technology that can fulfill future needs as products and their configurations are changing day by day. Fused Deposition Modeling FDM is an AM technique that fabricates parts layer upon layer. This paper analyses the effect of different process variables and orientations on the tensile properties of the FDM manufactured specimens. Standard specimens are printed using commercial ABS and manufactured ABS filaments for analysis of tensile properties. The ABS filament is fabricated using a mini filament extruder. After modeling, the specimens are printed using an FDM printer. The tensile testing of specimens is carried out on the Instron 3360 table frame UTM machine. Tensile properties obtained for different specimens are presented.
Investigating the Laser engraving on Polymethyl methacrylate sheets and process parameters optimization using GRA technique.
Authors: Nanda Kumar P. , Muni Varma V. , Venkata Jaswanth J.
Published: May 2024

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is sound-resistant because it can lessen the transmission of outside sound waves. PMMA is widely used in many applications, such as automotive lighting, electronics and energy, health, sanitation, etc. Laser engraving for PMMA sheet panels with process parameters of good quality is a major problem in the process industry. There is a demand for surface roughness that is affected by the volume of material removal. Therefore, in this work, multi-value response optimization was performed on MRR and surface roughness during laser engraving of PMMA sheets using an optical fiber diode in a dry environment through gray relational analysis. Also, regression models are developed, and their responses are compared for their correlation. The GRA combined with the Taguchi method has proved efficient in the decision-making of multi-responses in a laser engraving environment.
Investigation of acoustical excess parameters and FTIR studies for binary liquid mixtures of tetrachloroethylene and cyclopentanone at different temperatures.
Authors: Bonjubabu M , Mahesh P , Aparna P V S L , Poornima K , Jayarao K , Samatha K.
Published: May 2024

Speed of sound (U), Density (ρ), and viscosity (η) values of liquid mixtures of Tetrachloroethylene with Cyclopentanone and pure liquids were determined at regular intervals of molar range at different temperatures (303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15) K. From the experimentally determined values, thermo-acoustic parameters such as excess molar volume (VE) and excess free length (LfE), excess Gibb’s free energy (ΔGE) and excess enthalpy (HE) have been estimated. The variations of the above parameters discussed based on intermolecular interactions existing in this binary mixture. The computed values of sound speed in the mixture from various theories are compared with experimentally calculated values and have a clear check to validate the theories for the present system, and FTIR studies provide detailed analysis of molecular interactions.
Structural and Quantum chemical insights into the atomic orbitals of 2-benzoylbenzoic acid: Density functional theory approach
Authors: Prasanna Kumar P.V. , Gaurav G.V. , Jagadeeswara Rao D. , Sreedhar S.
Published: May 2024

The present work aims to explore the structural insights and the molecular orbitals associated with 2-benzoylbenzoic acid through density functional theory approach. The geometrical parameters of the optimized structure of 2-benzoylbenzoic acid were obtained at B3LYP/6-311++G basis set. The atomic sites which are prone to electrophilic/nucleophilic attack were identified from molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface analysis. The molecular orbitals (lone pair, bonding and anti-bonding) which are favorable to the charge delocalization within the system and stabilize the molecule were studied. Besides, the vibrational assignments of the characteristic group frequencies and coupled modes vibrations were made using Cartesian coordinate displacement analysis. Moreover, the electronic transitions between the filled and unfilled molecular orbitals of 2-benzoylbenzoic acid were investigated.
Analysis Of Delamination During Drilling Process Of Aramid Fibre Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Durga Prasada Rao V , Mahaboob Ali Sk R S , Ali Sk M Z M S , Santhoshi B S
Published: May 2024

Aramid Fibre Reinforced Polymer (AFRP) is a modern engineering material which is highly versatile in nature. These materials are usually used to produce impact resistant structures. Aramids have high modulus, tensile strength, stiffness, and low weight density. AFRP, under cyclic loading, shows good performance. As far as textiles and concrete structures are considered, AFRP is one of the best fiber-reinforced composites. Delamination is a failure mode that causes fracture of a variety of materials including concrete and laminate composites. A material, in general, fractures into layers due to delamination effect, i.e., separation into its constituent layers. In the present study, the AFRP polymer is prepared by hand layup method, drilling operation is done on the composite under different machining conditions, measurements regarding delamination are taken using a tool room microscope, and delamination factor is calculated by using a suitable equation. Rate of feed, spindle speed and diameter of drill are the drilling parameters under consideration. Each of these parameters are considered at three different levels. A fully crossed design consisting of 27 tests is considered to conduct experiments. The results of different experiments are analyzed statistically using Fisher variance analysis (ANOVA) to determine the impact of variables of drilling on the delamination factor. The main effects plots disclose that the lowest delamination factor is obtained for a rate of feed of 0.4 mm/rev, a speed of spindle of 1000 rpm and for a drill diameter of 15 mm. It is also noted that the delamination factor increases as the speed of spindle and diameter decreases. The interaction plot of rate of feed-spindle speed indicates that the interaction has moderate effect on delamination factor, whereas interaction plot of rate of feed-diameter represents that the rate of feed on delamination factor banks on level of drill diameter, and interaction plot of speed of spindle speed-diameter of drill demonstrates that the interaction has moderate impact on delamination factor. Also, regression analysis is done to establish the general linear model relating delamination factor and the drilling parameters under consideration.
Hall and Ion Slip Current influence on Unsteady MHD Free Convective Boundary Layer Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate with Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Vara Prasad T R K D , Rajakumar K V B , Govinda Rao T
Published: May 2024

The analytical reconnaissance has been effectuated to explicate the influence of Hall and ion-slip current on nonlinear MHD free convective flow near a vertical porous plate in presence of chemical reaction and Dufour effect. In this assessment the governing PDE’s are determined analytically. The impact of multifarious physical parameters has been contemplated on velocity, temperature as well as concentration which were exemplified via numerous graphs whereas quantification for the skin fiction, nusselt number and Sherwood number are demonstrated in numeric data form and are reported in table. In this examination mainly observed that velocity declined with the incremental values of Hall current as well as ion-slip current. Meanwhile velocity as well as temperature accelerated by means of the incremental values of Dufour number. However concentration diminished with the accelerated values of chemical reaction along with Schmidt number
Facile and an efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazoles promoted by transition metal oxide nano catalyst
Authors: Prathap Koppolu , Lakshman Shaik , Lakshmi M.V. , Durgarao B.V. , Sirisha D. V. L. , Krishnarao N.
Published: May 2024

The advantages and an efficient path way of process for 2-arylbenzoxazole can be obtained by transition metal oxide Nano catalyst. The transition metal nano TiO2 catalysed and a tandem reaction between substituted 2-aminophenols and substituted aromatic aldehydes to produces scaffold series of 15 smoothly forming benzo heterocycles with good to excellent yields (80-94%). The synthesized benzoxazole compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H, 13CNMR, and mass spectroscopy. This article describes a one-stage coupling technique that provides a unique way to access variously functionalized benzoxazole scaffolds. This methodology consists of a one-pot combination of condensation followed by oxidative addition reactions. It was shown that nano TiO2 in ethanol encouraged the formation of 2-aryl benzoxazole scaffolds and this catalyst quickly boosted the cascade reaction that produced a variety of collections of named derivatives. These protocols are atom-economic, efficient, reusable and modular means of accessing restricted named derivatives that have a substantial substrate tolerance and over ten points of diversity.
Impact of Shape Factor on a Couple Stress Flow of a Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid over an Inclined Flat Plate when Non-Uniform Heat Source and Thermal Radiation are Significant: A Darcy-Forchheimer Model
Authors: Kathyayani Gandrakota , Satya Nagendra Rao Satuluri
Published: May 2024

The study of fluid flow over an inclined flat plate finds applications in a diverse range of engineering fields including aerodynamics, energy production and automotive design. This study theoretically investigates the steady and radiative flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid (Water + TiO2 + CoFe2O4 + MgO) with couple stress, using the Darcy-Forchheimer model. The flow occurs through a tilted flat plate and is subjected to irregular heat source parameter and entropy generation. The problem’s equations have been transformed into a collection of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which has been skillfully resolved using the bvp4c solver. Graphs are utilized to elucidate outcomes for two instances of shape components, namely platelet and spherical. An escalation in the couple stress parameter (S) is demonstrated to be inversely related to the fluid velocity, resulting in a drop. Specifically, when 0.5 ≤ S ≤ 3, the friction factor exhibits a decline, with rates of 0.306201851 (for Platelet shape) and 0.304466755 (for Spherical shape). An intriguing observation reveals an augmentation in the generation of entropy as the volumetric fraction of TiO
2 rises. Upon investigation, it has been determined that when the Eckert number (Ecn) increases within the range of 0 ≤ Ecn ≤ 0.3, there is a significant reduction in the Nusselt number. Specifically, the decline is measured to be 0.328685192 for the platelet shape and 0.308939422 for the spherical shape. The utility of the Forchheimer number in regulating the fluid’s motion has been unveiled.
A Review on Distribution of Reinforcement and tensile Strength of Aluminum Lithium Alloy based Nano Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by STIR Casting
Authors: Ali Sk M Z M S , Krishna Bhaskar K , Sitarama Raju K
Published: May 2024

Aluminum Alloy (AA) parts are employed in lightweight engineering fields and have poor mechanical, wear, and corrosion resistance. Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs) are materials created by incorporating hard reinforcing particles into an aluminum matrix alloy. The new material has improved characteristics, including higher specific stiffness and strength, as well as higher corrosion resistance, elastic modulus, wear resistance, and low weight. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are composite materials in which metal serves as the matrix and hard particles or ceramics serve as reinforcement. MMCs are used to improve the functionality of a wide range of technical materials. It could be used in many different fields, including aerospace, automotive, space travel, and medicine. In this paper, the reviewer investigates the distribution of reinforcement and Tensile Strength (TS) of Aluminum Lithium (Al-Li) Alloy/Nano Al2O3 MMC fabricated by stir casting. Finally, the authors provide a comparative analysis of prior reviewed research papers. After comparative analysis, TiB2/2195 composite has higher Tensile Strength (115.4%) than the other composite such as AA7010-TiB2 (260%), Al2O3 + SiC (72%), A356/SiC (21.87%), and Al-SiC (37%).
Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles from reverse chemical co-precipitation method
Authors: Satyam Naidu K , Annapurna Nowduri
Published: May 2024

Studying magnetic characteristics of iron oxide nanoparticles was highlighted as a key step in creating potential powder nanomaterials. The occurrence of electron spins parallel to the crystallographic orientations and single domain nanopartilces are the recognized causes of superparamagnetism in bulk magnetite. Nanoparticles whose size could be tuned exhibit this superparamagnetism effect. The reverse co-precipitation process is used to create the current magnetite nanoparticles. The iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by reverse chemical coprecipitation method and were confirmed based on XRD data. The room temperature magnetic property was studied and the tiny levels of coercivity and remanence indicate that the samples may exhibit superparamagnetic nature.
Optimization of Process Parameters in Under Water Friction Stir Welded AA2014 and AA6082 joints.
Authors: Madhavarao Singuru , Gopalakrıshnam Raju P , Bhadri Raju Chekuri Rama , Vatala Manikanth , Soundaryasanthoshi B.
Published: May 2024

This work focuses on optimizing process parameters in underwater friction stir welding to study their impact on the mechanical characteristics of aluminum 2014 T6 and 6082 T6 joints. The aluminum plates are precisely machined to provide the necessary polish for the underwater friction stir welding process (UFSW). Experiments are designed using Taguchi L-9 orthogonal array, considering three process parameters: speed, transverse speed, and tool angles at three levels each. The aluminum plates of series 2014-T6 and 6082-T6 are securely installed in the machine. The plates will be welded using the UFSW process using a taper pin tool. The welded plates are next subjected to tests to assess their mechanical qualities. Tests for tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength are conducted on the welded area of the plate to determine its mechanical qualities. An ANOVA was conducted to determine the significant influence of each variable. The optimal values achieved are Tensile Strength of 185.592 N/mm2, Hardness of 75.1 (BHN), and Impact Strength of 21.236 Joules at a speed of 1120 rpm, transverse speed of 80 mm/min, and tilt angle of 2 degrees.
TiO2 nanoparticles as reusable catalysts for the efficient synthesis of 2, 4, 5-trisubstituted-1H-imidazoles
Authors: Lakshman Shaik , Srinivasa Rao N. , Kadgamala Sridevi. , Durgarao B. V. , Krishnarao N. , Diwakar Bhagavathula S
Published: May 2024

A simple, highly efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-1H-imidazoles via one-pot three component condensation of benzil, aldehydes and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions has been achieved utilizing TiO2. The applicability of this procedure was investigated further in relation to the synthesis of fused imidazoles that exhibit structural versatility. The remarkable features of this methodology are excellent yields in shorter reaction times, cleaner reaction profile, and environmentally benign nature, use of non-toxic, readily synthesizable, inexpensive and recyclable catalyst. The titled compounds can be confirmed advanced spectroscopic evaluation by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and LCMS. The synthesis of green nanoparticles utilizing green protocols is a very good, safe, effective, and environmentally friendly technique in Nano science research. These are employed in many scientific fields. These are used in the catalysis
Measurement method of countersunk rivet flatness based on visual 3D reconstruction
Authors: Sun Jianyang , Jia Shuang , Wang Jin , Zhu Changfa , Wang Yunhao
Published: May 2024

The flatness is a key indicator to evaluate the riveting quality of countersunk rivets on the skin of aircraft or rockets. Aiming at the deficiencies of current measurement methods used by aerospace manufacturers, a measurement method of countersunk rivet flatness based on visual 3D reconstruction is proposed. Through the zonal modulation of the structured light intensity of the projector, the image interference problem caused by the highly reflective skin of aircraft and rockets is solved. A rivet detection algorithm based on an arc feature is designed to realize the accurate identification of rivets in the image. A riveting surface reconstruction algorithm based on region segmentation and parallax constraint is researched, which greatly improves the efficiency of 3D reconstruction. A calculation method based on the local mean is used to improve the stability of the measurement results. The experimental results show that the measurement error of the proposed method is within ±30 μm, the standard deviation of repeated measurement is within 6 μm, and the time of measuring a single rivet is about 2 s. The accuracy, stability, and efficiency of this method meet the requirements.
Research on the minimum detection limit for measuring high-purity gases by gas chromatography
Authors: Liu Hanbing , Cheng Xiaoming , Han Xi , Zha Ling , Wan Fang , Yang Yan , Sun Chao , Yu Guang , Fang Hua
Published: May 2024

At present, the application fields of high-purity gases (purity reached 99.999% and above) include the semiconductor manufacturing industry, chemical analysis, fuel cells, aerospace, medicine, etc., and the quality and purity requirements of high-purity gases are also getting higher and higher. As the only detector that can detect ppb-level trace impurities, the pulsed discharge helium ionization detector (PDHID) is the most used detector in the field of high-purity gases. The minimum detection limit of existing PDHID-related analysis methods is usually calculated theoretically. In order to verify the actual minimum detection limit of PDHID, a multi-group gas distribution system was used in this paper to dilute the permanent gas components in the high-purity gas, and the gas chromatograph with pulsed discharge helium ionization detector (GC-PDHID) was used to detect the obtained different concentrations of standard gases. The experimental results showed that PDHID possessed high sensitivity, good linearity, and a wide linear range. The actual minimum detection limit for the permanent gas components in the high-purity gas could reach the ng/g (ppb) level, which could realize the detection of ultra-low concentration samples, and further verify the actual minimum detection limit of PDHID. This experiment provides a reference basis for the analysis of trace gases in the gas industry, especially in industries such as high-purity and ultra-high-purity gases and gas for the electronics industry, and is of great significance in actual production work.
A Sobel-enhanced total focusing method using an ultrasonic linear array transducer for detecting wrinkles in multidirectional CFRPs
Authors: Ma Tengfei , Zhou Zhenggan , Li Yang , Zhou Wenbin
Published: May 2024

Carbon-fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are increasingly used in the aerospace industry. Wrinkles are common defects of complex curved CFRP parts, severely damaging the mechanical performance. The ultrasonic technique is an effective tool for detecting wrinkle defects in complex curved CFRP parts in the aerospace industry. We propose a Sobel-enhanced total focusing method using an ultrasonic linear array transducer for detecting wrinkles in multidirectional CFRPs. The total focusing method (TFM) imaging wrinkles loses some ply geometry information due to the non-zero local mean when extracting the cosine of the instantaneous phase of a synthetic depth trace from its associated analytic signal for amplitude normalization. The proposed Sobel-enhanced TFM method combines the aperture-angle limitation and the vertical Sobel operator to relieve the non-zero local mean in this paper. The proposed method can extract almost all ply geometry information of a 32-ply CFRP sample when the limited angle, θ
max = 10° or 5°.
Phase coherence factor-based ultrasonic annular array testing method for coarse-grained materials
Authors: Yang Gongpeng , Zhou Zhenggan , Li Yang , Zhou Wenbin
Published: May 2024

Metal materials with coarse-grained structures have the characteristics of coarse grain, acoustic anisotropy, and structural inhomogeneity. When the ultrasonic wave propagates in its interior, the above characteristics will cause strong waveform distortion, acoustic energy attenuation, and structural-acoustic scattering, resulting in a poor signal-to-noise ratio of the ultrasonic echo signal. The annular array ultrasonic transducer has a three-dimensional axisymmetric acoustic field, which is less affected by the grain structure than the linear array ultrasonic transducer. It can realize the focus within the detection range by the total focusing method (TFM) post-processing in the way of the full matrix capture (FMC) and is suitable for ultrasonic non-destructive testing of coarse-grained materials with high acoustic attenuation. In this paper, a TFM C-scan testing method based on the phase coherence factor (PCF) denoising is proposed. The C-scan imaging results of the coarse-grained GH4169 specimen verify the denoising effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the TFM of the annular array, the PCF can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the flat bottom hole defect by up to 14.99 dB.
Quantitative detection of composite defects based on infrared technology and FA-LSTM
Authors: Luo Gui , Wang Xinyang , Zhu Jianmin , Zhou Yuqi
Published: May 2024

Given the difficulties in obtaining the defect data of composite materials and the low accuracy of defect size detection, this paper proposes a quantitative defect detection method for composite materials based on infrared technology and a firefly algorithm (FA)-optimized long short-term memory (LSTM) network. First, composite plates with different defects were periodically heated and photographed using a specific heat source and infrared camera to obtain the maximum surface temperature difference and the best detection time data of the composite plates. Then, the maximum temperature difference and the best detection time of each cycle of the material plate are weighted averages, and a vector model containing the defect feature information is established. Next, the optimal number of hidden neurons and the learning rate are obtained by the FA optimization of the LSTM model parameters. Finally, the eigenvector model is input into the FA-LSTM for fitting and outputting the defect diameter and depth to realize the quantitative detection of material plate defects. The experimental results show that the FA-LSTM can accurately identify the defect diameter and depth of the material plate, with an average relative error of only 2.59%.