bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of GIS technologies for improving the content of the tourist map of Fergana province, Uzbekistan
Authors: Khakimova Kamolakhon , Abdukhalilov Bekzod , Qosimov Lazizbek , Abdusalomov Abdusaid , Yokubov Sherzodbek
Published: May 2023

This article contains proposals and recommendations for the creation and future development of interactive-dynamic maps of the Fergana province of the Republic of Uzbekistan through ArcGIS online software and cloud technologies. The experience of tourism geography and cartography, as well as the methodology of creating tourist maps, for creating interactive-dynamic maps, are explained. Selection of software tools for creating an interactive-dynamic tourist map using modern geographic information systems, mapping, creation of digital cartographic bases, and vectorization of the Raster MAR image with the help of manual placement of the map is shown through the MapInfo map system. A 1:750000 scale tourist map of the province was created based on the scientific results obtained on the economic and geographical features of tourism development in Fergana province. On the basis of the map, the possibility of determining the specialization of tourist regions in Fergana province and effectively using the potential of the regions has been revealed. Also, the system of marking objects displayed in the technology of creating maps, which is closely related to their content, and the principle of consistency have been preserved.
Application of hyperspectral and multispectral datasets for mineral mapping
Authors: Rakhimov D. , Juliev M. , Agzamova I. , Normatova N. , Ermatova Ya. , Begimkulov D. , Gafurova L. , Hakimova M. , Ergasheva O.
Published: May 2023

In this study, hyperspectral datasets are simulated from multispectral data using a spectral reconstruction approach which is a sensor-independent technique. This technique makes use of information from atmospherically corrected multispectral Remote Sensing (MRS) data and normalized ground spectra for the simulation of HRS data. In this study EO-1, the ALI dataset was used for the simulation of hyperspectral Remote Sensing (HRS) data to discover the Udaipur region’s unique minerals. A total of 61 spectral bands with 10 nm bandwidth were simulated. The simulated HRS data were validated using visual interpretation, statistical and classification approaches. Simulated HRS data from EO-1 Advanced Land Imager (ALI) has shown a high correlation with EO-1 Hyperion data. Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification was also performed on simulated hyperspectral data for mineral mapping. It was observed that simulated hyperspectral data have shown comparable results with Hyperion and are better than their corresponding multispectral datasets.
Integrated management of water and land resources of the Kyrgyz Republic and characteristics of their use at the present stage
Authors: Batykova А. , Tuleev T. , Tuleev B. , Asanaliev A. , Denisov V. , Hegay S. , Sultanbaeva V. , Babajanov A.
Published: May 2023

This article discusses topical issues of the current state of water and land resources of the republic and their integrated management. They are one of the main natural resources that ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production and environmental safety in general. At the same time, they have their own characteristics in organizing the rational use and protection of resources. The main feature is that land and water function as single interdependent means of production in the agricultural production process in the foothill and highland relief of Kyrgyzstan. In this regard, the considered issues require a more detailed study and a scientific approach. The country is in dire need of modernization of land and water management. It is necessary to change toward culture and philosophy of attitude to land, to strengthen local land management institutions, complete the formation of the land market, and to treat water resources with care and rationality.
Application of GIS technologies in the improvement of geodetic and cartographic works in land cadastre
Authors: Abdurakhmonov S. , Prenov Sh. , Umarov N. , Gulmurodov F. , Niyozov Q.
Published: May 2023

Increasing the accuracy of geodetic measurement tools and methods used in land surveying, topographic mapping, and other works is one of the requirements of the current era. In this case, it is important to develop measures aimed at increasing the speed of geodetic surveying, increasing the accuracy of measuring land areas, and reducing labour productivity, time, and human resource costs. The use of electronic geodetic measuring devices in implementing these works is very convenient for implementing the above requirements. The difference between the current electronic geodetic measuring instruments and the previous ones is that they are designed to measure the angle, distance, and height of points simultaneously.
An improved finite-difference scheme for the conservation equations of matter
Authors: Salokhiddinov Abdulkhakim , Savitsky Andrey , McKinney Daene , Ashirova Olga
Published: May 2023

The finite-difference scheme of directed differences (the Courant-Isaacson-Ries scheme), which is widely used in the practice of aerohydrodynamic calculations, is studied theoretically and on the example of test problems. We applied the commonly used in practice Courant-Isakson-Ries directional difference scheme that allowed us to find and show distributions of velocities where the laws of the matter conservation are violated in the calculations in solving the matter conservation equations or the correspondence of the obtained solutions to the most general practical understandings on the essence of the matter transfer. A scheme free from the shortcomings of the Courant-Isaacson-Ries scheme has been constructed, tested, and proposed for use in aerohydrodynamic calculations by the finite difference method. Moreover, all the valuable properties of this well-known scheme are preserved. Among the maintained properties: are transportability, conservatism, stability in calculations, invariance, and adequacy of the essence of the physical phenomenon of the transfer of matter in space. The disadvantages of the new finite-difference scheme proposed for solving the equations of conservation of matter should be considered: an increase in the required RAM for storing electronic means of calculating information about the velocity field in memory and an increase in the number of calculations needed.
Development of a method for determining the optimal areas for alternative energy facilities based on GIS technologies
Authors: Ibragimov O. , Inamov A. , Mukhamedayubova Sh. , Khamraliev A.
Published: May 2023

Acquisition of alternative energy resources using the modern Global Mapper software on an electronic digital map is an important process. This article analyses the possibility of using maps in the implementation of internationally acknowledged projects, as well as interactive services to the government, and the possibility of mapping alternative energy sources, synthesizing data, and developing management decisions through the development of innovative technologies. The research in this study is about determining optimal locations for the installation of solar panels and wind turbines. For the tests, Tashkent and Samarkand provinces were selected. Initially, the elevation of the provinces was determined by remote sensing and the elevation surface was created by interpolation. According to the data obtained from the regional hydrometeorological stations, the air temperature in the regions was taken and geovisualized as a vector layer. At the same time, the wind speed was mapped using the method of geostatistical analysis, which observed the annual average wind speed. On the basis of the highest parts of the earth’s surface and in areas with high temperatures, raster calculations were performed and the method for determining the most optimal place for installing solar panels was improved.
Time of protection equivalence principle to allow design barrier layers for promoting the use of recycled materials for food contact
Authors: Daoud Natacha , Breysse Colette , Domenek Sandra , Vitrac Olivier
Published: May 2023

European and national environmental protection policies have programmed the forthcoming end of single-use plastics, including food packaging. Because plastic materials account for 50% of plastic waste, closed-loop recycling seems imperative. Still, plastics other than PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) are not widely recycled for food contact due to safety concerns. Among them, postconsumer polyolefins are heavily formulated, degraded, and contaminated by the previously contacting product. Using recycled materials behind a functional barrier (FB) could resolve the issue under specific provisions, but neither the European regulation nor the US FDA offer guidance concerning functional barriers evaluation and use. Mathematical modeling is the only viable method recognized by European and American agencies to evaluate recycled material under usage conditions. This study numerically explores the possibility of combining two effects: decontamination of the recycled material and a functional barrier to allow safe use of the recycled material.
Synthesis by soft chemistry of size-controlled zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals for antimicrobial applications
Authors: El-Habib Imroi , Roynette Anne , Morakchi-Goudjil Houda , Lemarchand Alex , Mielcarek Christine , Azouani Rabah , Traore Mamadou
Published: May 2023

This work focuses on the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by the sol-gel method for antimicrobial applications. The influence of synthesis parameters on the size of NPs is discussed. The addition of water and an alcoholamine (Monoethanolamine MEA) during the synthesis made possible the crystallization of ZnO at low temperature (<110°C). Our experiments have also shown that these reagents exert an influence on the size of the NPs. The NPs after precipitation are recovered in the form of powders then characterized by different techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The crystalline domain size are calculated from Scherrer’s formula. The antimicrobial potential of these NPs has been studied. The technique applied for this evaluation consists in estimating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the NPs by measuring the evolution of the optical density of the bacteria over time. The results showed that the synthesized ZnO NPs show efficacy on the Escherichia coli bacteria.
Complications des chirurgies urogénitales du mâle
Authors: Lallemand Élodie Anne
Published: May 2023

Les chirurgies urogénitales du cheval mâle, hormis la castration, concernent principalement les chirurgies du pénis, de l’urètre et de la vessie. Les complications les plus fréquentes communes aux chirurgies de ces 3 structures sont notamment les saignements et hémorragies, les œdèmes et la déhiscence de plaie, comme de nombreuses autres chirurgies. Les complications plus spécifiques sont les irritations cutanées causées par l’urine pour les chirurgies du pénis et de l’urètre ; les obstructions urinaires, notamment s’il y a développement de sténoses urétrales qui peuvent être favorisées par l’aspect spiculé des calculs urinaires ; et les récidives tumorales lors de traitement de tumeurs. La meilleure stratégie reste la prévention, en particulier en soignant la réalisation des procédures chirurgicales. Une hémorragie sévère postopératoire pourra nécessiter une reprise chirurgicale, de même que les sténoses urétrales.
Complications des chirurgies sinusales
Authors: Robert Mickaël
Published: May 2023

Les chirurgies sinusales sont très fréquentes chez le cheval. Même si elles sont de moins en moins invasives, des complications peuvent toujours survenir pendant ou après une sinusotomie. L’hémorragie est la complication la plus fréquente durant ce type de procédure. La mise en place d’une tamponnade et l’utilisation de liquide de lavage glacé sont les mesures le plus souvent mises en place. Suite à la chirurgie, des séquestres peuvent se former et maintenir une infection locale, voire être à l’origine d’une périostite de suture. Ceux-ci doivent ainsi être détectés et retirés. La lésion ayant nécessité une chirurgie peut dans certains cas récidiver et justifier une nouvelle procédure. Enfin, des complications postopératoires plus rares, dont certaines peuvent être dramatiques, sont possibles. Parmi celles-ci, l’encensement consécutif à une lésion iatrogène du nerf trijumeau, est de pronostic sportif, voire vital, réservé. La méningite bactérienne est, quant à elle, généralement fatale. Tous les efforts doivent donc être mis en place pour limiter la survenue de ces complications.
Complications de la chirurgie oculaire chez le cheval
Authors: Regnier Alain , Goetz Mathilde , Douet Jean-Yves
Published: May 2023

L’introduction en pratique équine de techniques de microchirurgie oculaire a élargi le champ des indications de la chirurgie ophtalmique dans cette espèce. Le pronostic des chirurgies cornéennes et intraoculaires a ainsi été amélioré, par l’apport de solutions innovantes qui diminuent les risques d’échecs. Pour parvenir à cette finalité, ces chirurgies demandent toutefois une maîtrise technique et une instrumentation adaptées. Le présent article se propose de présenter les indications, les schémas opératoires, ainsi que les suites favorables et défavorables des chirurgies actuellement utilisées chez le cheval pour le traitement des ulcères évolutifs et des abcès profonds de la cornée, de la cataracte, de l’uvéite récurrente et du glaucome.
Pankreaskarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: May 2023

Das Chemotherapieschema NALIRIFOX ist ein neuer Standard in der Behandlung des metastasierten Adenokarzinoms des Pankreas und das Referenzregime für weitere Erstlinienstudien. Beim beim Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium der American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO GI) präsentierte Ergebnisse der Phase-III-Studie NAPOLI-3 zeigten einen Überlebensvorteil der Quadrupeltherapie gegenüber Gemcitabin plus nab-Paclitaxel in der ersten Therapielinie sowie ein handhabbares Nebenwirkungsprofil.
Imaging Recommendations for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Oncology
Authors: Chaturvedi Arvind K. , Mahajan Abhishek , Sen Saugata , Swamy Shivakumar S. , Shah Diva , Chakrabarty Nivedita
Published: May 2023

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Imaging studies are central to the initial staging and follow-up management of cancers. In the past, oncologists have largely relied on anatomical imaging for staging, restaging, and therapy monitoring. The introduction of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and its availability has transformed the practice of cancer imaging. PET-CT is an imaging technique that provides complementary information to imaging by CT or magnetic resonance imaging alone as it incorporates functional imaging to the anatomic information. It actually embeds tumor biology on the anatomical image. There are significant contributions of the CT component in adding value to the strength of PET-CT. PET-CT is useful for initial staging of cancers. It is particularly useful in detection of distant metastases, in assessing response to therapy and in detection of recurrence. Its utility in restaging and follow-up of cancers is now well established. Its role varies across different primary cancer sites. To cover the role of PET-CT in all cancer types is neither the intention nor feasible in a single article. In this article, an attempt will be made to highlight the generic concepts of PET-CT imaging and its role in primary staging and post-therapy follow-up across some common malignancies. Its pitfalls and limitations will also be discussed.
Imaging Recommendations for Image-Guided Biopsy in Oncology
Authors: Gala Kunal B. , Chandra Daksh , Shetty Nitin Sudhakar , Agarwal Ujjwal , Bansal Harshit , Shariq Md , Pendse Himanshu A. , Janu Amit , Mandava Rupesh , Kulkarni Suyash S.
Published: May 2023

The percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) is the initial step for obtaining the diagnosis and it helps in treatment. It aids in primary diagnosis, tumor staging, or ruling out infective etiology. It is a safe and successful minimally invasive method compared to open biopsies. PNB is defined as the placement and insertion of a needle into a suspected lesion or organ with the intent of retrieving tissue or cells for diagnosis. It can fine needle aspiration cytology or core needle biopsy. The patient needs to be counseled regarding the procedure and detailed history, including anticoagulant history needs to be taken. The SIR consensus guidelines have divided biopsies into low-risk procedures with a bleeding risk of < 1.5% and high-risk procedures > 1.5%. There are advancements in needle design (e.g., echogenic tip while performing ultrasound-guided needle biopsy) and image-guidance technology (ultrasound quality, multi-slice CT scan) that improved these procedures safety and efficacy. There are different types of needles available such as coaxial, aspiration needles, Murphy's bone biopsy needle, which depends on the tissue which needs to be sampled or the organ to be biopsied. Various different types of biopsy guns, such as semi-automatic, automatic, or manual are available. The newer technology such as fusion and navigation biopsies helps in better characterizing and localization of the lesion, improving the yield of the biopsy. Open and excisional biopsies have a higher mortality and morbidity rate than percutaneous biopsies, they are reserved for cases where the image-guided method has failed to provide the diagnostic yield. Sample collection must be done under a sterile container in formaline or microbiological examination. Regular analysis and rad-path correlation are key to success and improving diagnostic yield. This abstract provides an overview of the existing biopsy literature.
Protean Neuroophthalmic Presentations of Common Childhood Malignancies—A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Roy Pritam Singha , Jain Richa , Bhatia Anmol , Mallik Nabhajit , Kumar Narender
Published: May 2023

Common pediatric malignancies often surprise clinicians with unusual presentations. In this narrative, we report two patients with common childhood cancer having unique neuroophthalmic characteristics. In the first case, we have a child with a common childhood solid tumor presenting with blindness without proptosis, while the second case is of a child with a common hematological malignancy presenting with unilateral proptosis without visual impairment. The report highlights that common childhood cancers may present with neuroophthalmic symptoms on rare occasions, creating a diagnostic conundrum.
An In-Vivo Study of Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Matrix Metalloprotein 9 Expression in Traumatic Ulcers with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Radithia Desiana , Yuliana Yuliana , Puspitasari Yeni , Sismiyanti Rossy , Pratiwi Aulya Setyo
Published: May 2023

Objective Diabetes mellitus is not only characterized by alterations in the wound healing process but also during oral ulcer healing. The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can be used to stimulate the healing process. This study was performed to analyze the effect of PRP on traumatic ulcers with diabetes mellitus in an animal model by analyzing the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9).

Materials and Methods The diabetes mellitus model was developed using streptozotocin that was administrated to Rattus novergicus. The traumatic ulcer model was obtained by placing a heated tip of a ball burnisher for 5 seconds on the lower mucosa labial. Then, the traumatic ulcer was treated with PRP for 3, 5, and 7 days. The expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 was analyzed with indirect immunohistochemistry, and differences between each marker were analyzed with statistical analysis.

Results All animals showed clinical oral ulceration as a yellow base during the experiment. The application of PRP showed a higher level of TGF-β1 expression than the controls for 3, 5, and 7 days (p < 0.05). In contrast, the MMP-9 expression was lower than the control for 5 and 7 days (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The PRP affected traumatic ulcers with diabetes mellitus by promoting healing through TGF-β1 expression and suppressing the MMP-9 expression. This material can serve to develop a promising topical therapy for traumatic ulcers, especially with an underlying disease such as diabetes mellitus.
Unusual Presentation of Wilms' Tumor in a 4-Month-Old Infant as Presternal Metastatic Swelling—A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Ahmad Md Fahim , Menon Prema , Solanki Shailesh , Trehan Amita , Gupta Parikshaa
Published: May 2023

A 4-month-old infant presented with an enlarging large vascular presternal swelling noticed for the past 2 months. Clinical examination revealed a left renal mass in this otherwise asymptomatic child. She underwent left nephroureterectomy and excision of the skin metastasis following a course of chemotherapy. Preoperative cytology and postoperative histopathological examination confirmed Wilms' tumor with a single skin metastasis. We report this case for its rarity.
Multiple Primary Malignancies: A Clinicopathological Profile of Patients at a Tertiary Center of North India—A Retrospective Hospital-Based Observational Study
Authors: Mir Abdul W. , Parveen Shaheena , Ahmad Ifrah , Naveed Shah , Ahmad Syed N. , Hussain Mir M. , Dar Nazir A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction The incidence, prevalence, as well as survival of cancer patients, is increasing day by day due to the use of screening and improved diagnostic modalities. Simultaneously, the development of multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) in cancer survivors is not uncommon in recent years, because of an improved understanding of biology and effective management of cancer in the form of local (i.e., surgery/radiotherapy) and systemic (chemotherapy/targeted therapy) treatment, leading to improved survival and subsequent development of more malignancies. The study was conducted to describe the clinicopathological profile of patients diagnosed with MPMs.

Objective To study the clinicopathological profile of MPMs and to look for treatment patterns of these patients.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective hospital-based observational study. Medical records of 73 patients with MPMs, who were registered in the department of medical and surgical oncology between January 2016 and December 2018, were enrolled in the study. The statistical analysis was done by using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows from IBM Corp. Categorical data were expressed in the form of frequencies and percentages.

Results Out of the total 73 patients, 2 patients were diagnosed to have triple malignancies and were excluded from the study for discussion purposes. Among 71 patients with double malignancies, 19 patients had synchronous and 52 had metachronous malignancies with synchronous to metachronous ratio of 1:2.73. The study included 39 men and 32 women with a male to female ratio of 1.21:1. Gastrointestinal system was the most common system involved in first primary as well as in second primary malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma equally were the most common histologies seen in primary, whereas adenocarcinoma was the most common histology seen in second primary malignancy.

Conclusions The phenomenon of MPMs is not an uncommon presentation due to longer survival and side effects of treatment (radiotherapy/chemotherapy). It should always be kept in consideration in any cancer survivor during surveillance in order to detect it and treat at the earliest.
Salivary IL-17 and IL-10 as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Different Stages of Periodontitis in Smoker and Nonsmoker Patients
Authors: Mohammed Maha Abdulsalam , Abbas Raghad Fadhil , Akram Hadeel Mazin
Published: May 2023

Objectives The gold standard in the field of periodontal research currently is to find a valid biomarker that can reliably be used for diagnosing periodontal diseases. Given the limitations of the current diagnostic tools that stall to predict susceptible individuals and determine whether active tissue destruction is occurring, there is an increased urge to develop alternative diagnostic techniques that would compensate for the problems inherited in these available methods, such as measuring levels of biomarkers present in oral fluids such as saliva; so the aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic potential of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-10 to differentiate periodontal health from smoker and nonsmoker periodontitis, and to differentiate among different stages (severities) of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods An observational case–control study was performed on 175 systemically healthy participants grouped into healthy as controls and periodontitis as cases. Periodontitis cases were divided according to the severity into stages I, II, and III, and each of the stages was further subdivided into smokers and nonsmokers patients. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, clinical parameters were recorded, and salivary levels were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results Elevated levels of IL-17 and IL-10 were associated with stage I and II compared with the healthy controls. However, a significant decrease in stage III was observed compared with the control group for both biomarkers.

Conclusion Salivary IL-17 and IL-10 might be useful for distinguishing periodontal health from periodontitis; however, further research is needed to substantiate their use as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis
Pathophysiological Aspects of COVID-19-Associated Vasculopathic Diseases
Authors: Greistorfer Thiemo , Jud Philipp
Published: May 2023

Since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous data reported potential effects on the cardiovascular system due to infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may lead to COVID-19-associated vasculopathies during the acute phase and measurable vascular changes in the convalescent phase. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 seems to have specific direct and indirect effects on the endothelium, immune and coagulation systems thus promoting endothelial dysfunction, immunothrombosis, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps although the exact mechanisms still need to be elucidated. This review represents a recent update of pathophysiological pathways of the respective three major mechanisms contributing to COVID-19 vasculopathies and vascular changes and includes clinical implications and significance of outcome data.
Evaluation and analysis of regional economic–technology–renewable energy coupling coordinated development: A case study of China
Authors: Dong Fugui , Xia Meijuan , Li Wanying
Published: May 2023

Facing the problem of energy shortage and the responsibility of carbon reduction, to achieve sustainable regional economic development, renewable energy must be vigorously developed. Technology can not only boost the development of renewable energy but be a new driving force for the economy. However, the development of the economy, technology, and renewable energy are interrelated, and the coupling and coordination among them lack sufficient evaluation and analysis. Therefore, an evaluation index system is constructed for the economy–technology–renewable energy ternary group. The evaluation model is applied to measure the coupling coordination degree, and a geographically weighted regression model is used to analyze the influence of key factors and their spatial differences. 30 provinces in China are used as examples for the study, and the results show that the coupling coordination degree is low in most regions, except for Guangdong, which has been maintained at an extremely coordinated level, and most provinces are in a fluctuating upward trend during the decade. Additionally, the results of the geographically weighted regression report that the influence of factors has spatial heterogeneity. The study provides a basis for relevant policy formulation in China, and the evaluation and analysis ideas can provide a reference for other countries or regions.
Quantum Riemannian geometry of the discrete interval and q-deformation
Authors: Argota-Quiroz J. N. , Majid S.
Published: May 2023

We solve for quantum Riemannian geometries on the finite lattice interval • – • –⋯– • with n nodes (the Dynkin graph of type An) and find that they are necessarily q-deformed with q=eıπn+1. This comes out of the intrinsic geometry and not by assuming any quantum group in the picture. Specifically, we discover a novel “boundary effect” whereby, in order to admit a quantum Levi-Cività connection, the “metric weight” at any edge is forced to be greater pointing toward the bulk compared to toward the boundary, with the ratio given by (i + 1)q/(i)q at node i, where (i)q is a q-integer. The Christoffel symbols are also q-deformed. The limit q → 1 likewise forces the quantum Riemannian geometry of the natural numbers N to have rational metric multiples (i + 1)/i in the direction of increasing i. In both cases, there is a unique Ricci-scalar flat metric up to normalization. Elements of quantum field theory and quantum gravity are exhibited for n = 3 and for the continuum limit of the geometry of N. The Laplacian for the scalar-flat metric becomes the Airy equation operator 1xd2dx2 in so far as a limit exists. Scaling this metric by a conformal factor eψ(i) gives a limiting Ricci scalar curvature proportional to e−ψxd2ψdx2.
A regularity criterion for the 3D generalized MHD system involving partial components
Authors: Wang Jinhuan , Tan Wei , Nie Yongsheng
Published: May 2023

This paper is devoted to establishing the global regularity involving magnetic fields and partial components of the velocity for the 3D generalized magnetohydrodynamic equations with dissipation terms −(−Δ)αu and −(−Δ)βb. We assume 1≤α=β≤32 and prove that if b,u3∈Lw(0,T;Lq(R3)) with 2αw+3q≤3(2α−1)4+3(1−ϵ)4q, 3+ϵ2α−1<q≤∞, and 0<ϵ≤13, then the local strong solution is smooth on [0, T].
Modeling of tsunami generated in stratified oceans by sub-aquatic volcanic eruptions
Authors: Kanojia Manish , Gurusamy Saravanan , Basu Biswajit
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we develop a model by introducing ambient stratification in the ocean to study the surface waves generated by sub-aquatic volcanic eruptions. The developed equations with the initial and boundary conditions were linearized. The linearized equations were solved using the joint Laplace and Hankel transform Green's function method. The solutions were computed, and the surface elevation was obtained for an instantaneous Duffy source function, revealing a beating phenomenon in the stratified ocean. A clear understanding of the sub-aquatic volcanic eruption and its effect on surface waves will help avoiding large-scale damage to communities and infrastructures in coastal areas.
Investigating the hydraulic performance of slanted axial flow pumps using an enstrophy dissipation-based hybrid optimization approach
Authors: Tong Zheming , Yang Zhongqin , Tong Shuiguang , Shu Zekui , Cao Xiangkun Elvis
Published: May 2023

Axial flow pumps (AFPs) are widely employed in urban flood control and drainage systems due to its high discharge at relatively low heads. As off-design condition becomes more common in real operations, we proposed an enstrophy dissipation-based hybrid optimization (EDHO) approach, which combines both the advantage of sparrow search algorithm and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-ΙΙΙ) to enlarge the Preferred Operating Range (POR) of a slanted axial flow pump (SAFP). The overall hydraulic performance was optimized with the proposed EDHO approach with a special focus on energy loss mechanism. According to the analysis, eddy dissipation occupied the most energy loss under partial loads, while shear dissipation also contributed a lot under overload conditions especially around impellers. It is demonstrated that the POR of SAFP was significantly improved after optimization. In particular, the available operation interval was broadened, and the corresponding head and efficiency were remarkably increased by refining the impeller and diffuser profiles. In contrast with NSGA-II, NSGA-III, and multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, the novel hybrid algorithm showed significantly better convergence performance, solution diversity, and stability.
Effects of the variation of viscosity on the stability of thin liquid film flows along a uniformly heated substrate under heat flux boundary condition
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Anandamoy , Gaonkar Amar K.
Published: May 2023

The effects of variable viscosity on the stability of gravity-driven, Newtonian, thin liquid film flowing down a uniformly heated substrate under heat flux (HF) boundary condition is investigated. HF boundary condition allow us to consider the heat loss from the system at the solid–air interface as well as the heat flux by the rigid wall to the surrounding liquid, both of which effects the temperature gradient on the solid–liquid interface. This model is more realistic in comparison with specified temperature (ST) boundary condition/Dirichlet condition. The underlying assumption of ST boundary condition is that the heat flux at the solid–liquid interface is equal to the heat loss at the solid–air interface. It results in vanishing temperature gradient on the top surface of the rigid wall. Consequently, both the heat flux at solid–liquid and solid–air interfaces have no influence on the thin liquid film flow over the rigid substrate. Considering exponential variation of viscosity, together with the linear variation of surface tension, an evolution equation is constructed, using long-wave expansion technique. This evolution equation captures the effect of the variation of viscosity, thermocapillarity, and heat flux at the solid–air interface, through the parameters, Kμ (coefficient of dynamical viscosity), MBs (products of film Marangoni and free surface Biot number), and Bw (wall film Biot number), respectively. Using normal mode approach, the linear stability analysis reveals the destabilizing behavior of Kμ, MBs, and stabilizing effect of Bw. Using multiple-scale analysis, the weakly nonlinear study demarcates the supercritical (subcritical) stable (unstable) zones and their dependence on Kμ and Bw. Finally, the numerical simulation of the evolution equation, by the spectral method over a periodic domain, confirms the results obtained by the linear and weakly nonlinear study.
Dynamics of microswimmers near a liquid–liquid interface with viscosity difference
Authors: Feng Chao , Molina John J. , Turner Matthew S. , Yamamoto Ryoichi
Published: May 2023

Transport of material across liquid interfaces is ubiquitous for living cells and is also a crucial step in drug delivery and in many industrial processes. The fluids that are present on either side of the interfaces will usually have different viscosities. We present a physical model for the dynamics of microswimmers near a soft and penetrable interface that we solve using computer simulations of Navier–Stokes flows. The literature contains studies of similar isoviscous fluid systems, where the two fluids have the same viscosity. Here, we extend this to the more general case where they have different viscosities. In particular, we investigate the dynamics of swimmers approaching a fluid–fluid interface between phase-separated fluids with distinct viscosities. We find that the incoming angle, viscosity ratio, and swimming type (i.e., pusher, puller, or neutral) strongly influence the collision, resulting in four distinct dynamical modes: bouncing, sliding, penetrating, and hovering. The former three modes are also observed for isoviscous systems, while the hovering, in which strong pullers swim parallel to the interface at a non-zero distance, requires mismatched viscosities. Furthermore, swimmers exhibit a preference for lower viscosity fluids, known as viscotaxis. This implies that, for a wide distribution of contact angles, more swimmers will transition into the low-viscosity environment than vice versa. Consequently, a swimmer starting in a low-viscosity fluid is more likely to bounce back at the interface, while a swimmer in a high-viscosity fluid is more likely to penetrate the interface and enter the lower viscosity fluid.
Bipartite entanglement distillation by unilateral and bilateral local filters using polarizing Mach–Zehnder interferometers
Authors: P. Dhilipan , K. Srinivasan , G. Raghavan
Published: May 2023

The extraordinary correlation seen in entangled states in space-like separated regions is one of the most intriguing aspects of quantum states. Practical utility of entanglement as a resource for quantum key distribution, dense coding, or teleportation generally requires maximally entangled states. In practice, entanglement quality degrades substantially due to channel noise. The problem may be mitigated by entanglement distillation. The simplest distillation protocol is enforced by local filtering operations and classical communication. The local filtering operations are merely generalized positive operator valued measures utilizing additional degrees of freedom (DoFs) as ancillary qubits. In this work, we experimentally show that filtering on a single channel (unilateral) is equally effective as filtering on both channels (bilateral) for distillation of pure non-maximally entangled bipartite states. This result holds for a non-maximally entangled multi-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) like states as well, as they show a straightforward extension of the Bell state structure. Further, we provide a theoretical comparison of the efficacy of unilateral and bilateral filtering for the case of mixed states resulting from local depolarizing noise introduced either in one or both of the non-maximally entangled pairs. Surprisingly, when noise is introduced in either one of the channels, we find that unilateral filtering on the noise-free channel outperforms the filtering on the noisy channel and bilateral filtering on both channels. We also find that bilateral filtering is more effective when both channels are noisy. A reduction in the number of local operations, in general, has the advantage of reducing the complexity of the experimental apparatus and the reduction of measurement related errors.
Advantages of cognitive linguistics in the teaching and learning of foreign languages in TI programmes
Authors: Recio Ariza María Ángeles , Schmidhofer Astrid
Published: May 2023

In this chapter, we will explore the benefits of cognitive approaches to language teaching and learning in TI programmes. We will first explain the basic concepts of cognitivism, describe how cognitive approaches are used in translation and interpreting teaching and then draw conclusions on how these approaches can also be applied to language teaching and learning for prospective translators and interpreters and help them to become expert language users.
Combining subtitle creation and subtitle alignment in foreign language teaching
Authors: Faya Ornia Goretti , Barranco Izquierdo Natalia , Calderón Quindós M.Teresa , Quijada Diez Carmen
Published: May 2023

Subtitling and alignment can be used as didactic tools as they contribute to the development of the linguistic, intercultural and instrumental competences that constitute the translation competence. Thus, the aim of this work is to present a methodological framework for translator training using subtitling and alignment as two activities applicable in language teaching to foster students’ skills in a foreign language and their translation competence. Firstly, students are asked to transcribe the source subtitles of various video files and, afterwards, translate them into their mother tongue. Secondly, they are given the broadcasted source and target subtitles of several TV programs and nature documentaries to align them – these alignments will be later compiled into an electronic parallel corpus.
Relationship between external factors and development of regional
variation (vosotros vs. ustedes)
by L2 learners of Spanish in Spain
Authors: Salgado-Robles Francisco , George Angela
Published: May 2023

This chapter focuses on the impact of three key
programmatic features – program type, housing condition, and program
length – on the development of a geographically variable feature,
the second-person plural forms of address (i.e.,
vosotros/ustedes distinction)
by second language learners of Spanish studying abroad in Madrid,
Spain. Additionally, we compare the use of both
vosotros and ustedes to a
local Madrileño speaker baseline. To measure the use of
vosotros and ustedes, the
participants completed an oral discourse completion task. While the
results of the study point to an increase in
vosotros production among all participants, the
students enrolled in a service-learning program, living with a host
family, and participating in a long-term program significantly
increased their use of vosotros.
Limited gains, restricted access
Authors: Grammon Devin
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores how limited gains in the
L2 acquisition of sociolinguistic variation relate to particularities
of the program and host community where students study abroad. An
ethnographic case study finds that learners’ access to input during
one program was constrained by a number of interrelated factors,
which extended beyond student-related variables to include the
programming and policies of their SA school and presence of
international tourism in the host community. These findings aid in
explaining students’ limited development of local sociolinguistic
variants and demonstrate that immersion in SA program cannot be
conflated with ample access to sociolinguistic input. Understanding
how SA affords the development of sociolinguistic competence
requires consideration of programmatic factors in assessing
individual differences in language learning outcomes.
Study abroad in the Southern Cone
Authors: Camus Pablo
Published: May 2023

In Chile and Argentina, voseo
(the pronoun vos and/or its verb forms) is used as
one of the primary forms of address for the second person singular.
For students who embark on a study abroad (SA) program, recognizing
or using these forms can be challenging since it requires a high
degree of metalinguistic awareness (Pozzi, Escalante & Quan,
2019). This SA pilot study aims to understand the (1) learning of
voseo by second language (L2) learners in
Argentina and Chile; (2) the nature of sojourners’ social networks;
and (3) whether social networks are linked to the development of
voseo. To shed light on these issues, six
Spanish L2 learners were recruited after completing a semester-long
SA program. Results suggest that social networks can at least
partially inform the learning of voseo.
Short-term study abroad and dialect acquisition
Authors: Fafulas Stephen , Hearn Samuel C. , Fionda Maria I.
Published: May 2023

The growth in the popularity of studying abroad
has led to the proliferation of programs of various lengths, among
which is the short-term study abroad (SA), typically lasting around
one month. Much needed investigation remains regarding the
effectiveness of short-term SA programs, and this study aims to
understand the level of effectiveness through the lens of dialect
feature acquisition. Specifically, in southwestern Andalucía, there
exists a phenomenon in which local speakers of Spanish employ the
3rd person plural pronoun ustedes with 2nd person
plural morphosyntactic realizations. The current study examines
whether adult second-language learners become sensitive to these
regional variants through a one-month SA program. Results show
individual variation with more proficient learners moving toward the
regional norm.
The role of language attitudes in the L2 acquisition of
sociolinguistic variation
Authors: Denbaum de Restrepo Nofiya
Published: May 2023

Previous studies have examined second language
learners’ attitudes toward various Spanish dialects. Nonetheless,
few studies have used matched guise to assess implicit language
attitudes with respect to morphosyntactic variables. The present
study explores the relationship between language attitudes, social
interaction, and selection of pre-verbal subjects in wh-questions
with Spanish learners studying abroad in the Dominican Republic.
Study abroad learners and a group of at-home students completed a
written contextualized task examining subject position in
wh-questions. Learners studying abroad also completed a matched
guise task and a social interaction questionnaire. Findings indicate
that learners with an increase in intelligence rating for pre-verbal
subjects at Time 2 favored selection of pre-verbal subjects at the
end of their study abroad.
Variable outcomes abroad
Authors: Kanwit Matthew , Solon Megan
Published: May 2023

Empirical research has reported differential
effects of proficiency level on acquisition in the study-abroad (SA)
context. We tested whether pre-SA proficiency influences learners’
acquisition of variable structures during SA, analyzing Spanish
future-time expression, a structure conveyed through multiple forms
with distributions that differ regionally.

We surveyed English-speaking learners of Spanish
who participated in 7-week programs in Valencia, Spain and Mérida,
Mexico, whom we compared with local native speakers of Spanish.
Before and after SA, learners completed a contextualized preference
task created to examine variable future forms. Mixed-effects
regressions revealed that, although learners generally approximated
local targets, development according to proficiency level was not
uniform, indicating the complex role of proficiency across
grammatical structures and geographic regions.
Suansu language from northeastern India
Authors: Ivani Jessica K.
Published: May 2023

This contribution introduces Suansu, an endangered Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Manipur, northeastern India. Suansu is virtually undescribed in the linguistic literature, and no previous attestations are known to date. This field report provides a first sketch of Suansu sociolinguistic profile, phonology and phonotactics, as well as basic information on Suansu nominal and verbal morphology. A preliminary comparative look at the languages spoken in the area suggests that Suansu does not align neatly with the set of traits commonly attested in the region, confirming the high linguistic diversity of the area and setting up the stage for further research.
Bilingualism in development
Authors: Poulin-Dubois Diane
Published: May 2023

The body of work that is the subject of this
chapter is on the bilingual cognitive advantage in very young
children and on the structure of the early bilingual lexicon. As a
result of work initiated by Ellen Bialystok, we now know that even
preverbal infants show better attentional control than monolingual
infants. We also know that the organization of the early bilingual
lexicon shows striking similarities but also notable differences to
that of adults. The chapter concludes with a prospective outlook of
what is still unknown about early bilingualism, including how
proficiency and language use impact bilinguals’ cognitive skills in
addition to language exposure. The significant progress that has
been made in understanding the young bilingual mind is a fitting
tribute to Ellen Bialystok.