bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation and Microleakage of Fissure Sealant: Effect of Laser Etching vs Acid Etching
Authors: AKKAYA Büşra , FİDANCIOĞLU Yasemin Derya
Published: September 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success and the sealing ability of a resin based fissure sealant that applied enamel
surface which was etched with conventional phosphoric acid and Er:YAG laser at different energy levels.
Material and Methods: The study consisted of two parts; the evaluation of retention, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity and new
caries formation for the clinical success after the treatment at 3, 6, 12 months; the evaluation of microleakage and penetration depth to
fissures using dye penetration test. The in vivo part of the study was the surface preparation processes, 72 teeth in each group; It consists
of 32% phosphoric Acid, Er:YAG laser- MSP (Medium Short Pulse) and Er:YAG laser- QSP (Quantum Square Pulse). A total of 45 impacted
human third molar teeth were used for in vitro part. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.
Results: The relationship between the success rates of 12-month clinical follow-up of fissure sealants and age, gender, and localization
was assessed and there was no statistically significant correlation. When all criteria were considered, the most successful group was QSP.
All the groups demonstrated microleakage regardless of the surface preparation techniques. However, there was no statistically significant
difference between the groups.
Conclusion: It is considered to determine the optimal energy level of laser will increase the clinical success.
Skeletal complications in acromegaly
Authors: Wydra Arnika , Stelmachowska-Banaś Maria , Czajka-Oraniec Izabella
Published: September 2023

Hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) is rare and typically results from a pituitary functional tumor – somatotropinoma. It leads to excessive linear bone growth and manifests as gigantism if occurring in childhood and adolescence, before the closure of epiphyses or as a acromegaly in adulthood. The excess of GH impacts bone metabolism directly as well as indirectly through increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). In acromegaly as a consequence of overproduction of GH and IFG-1 and the influence of these hormones on bone osteoblasts, bone metabolism, growth and density increase.
However, bone turnover is accelerated causing impaired bone microstructure and strength, which may lead to increased risk of vertebral fractures irrespective of normal bone mineral density. Apart from the changes in bone architecture, acromegaly also results in a degenerative joint disease of a different nature than primary osteoarthritis. Moreover, acromegaly leads to cardiovascular, metabolic and respiratory complications, and thus significantly impairs the quality of life.
In this review, authors summarize the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of bone and joint disease in acromegaly.
Selected musculoskeletal disorders in patients with thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, and obesity
Authors: Dyrek Nicola , Wikarek Agnieszka , Niemiec Małgorzata , Kocełak Piotr
Published: September 2023

Many medical conditions affect the skeletal system and constitute independent risk factors for fractures. The action of thyroid hormones is necessary to maintain adequate development, mineralization, and bone strength. Untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and pathological fractures. In hypothyroidism, the changes in the quality of bone structure lead to an increase in the frequency of fractures. Excessive body weight negatively impacts fracture risk, increases the risk of osteoarthritis and accelerates the development of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of bone fractures despite different etiopathogenesis due to the duration of the disease and the pro-inflammatory state, the incorporation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) into the bone matrix, and microvascular disorders.
This study summarizes the current literature on the influence of thyroid dysfunction, obesity, and diabetes on the skeletal system.
The dichotomy of glucocorticosteroid treatment in immuneinflammatory rheumatic diseases: an evidence-based perspective and insights from clinical practice
Authors: Hysa Elvis , Vojinovic Tamara , Gotelli Emanuele , Alessandri Elisa , Pizzorni Carmen , Paolino Sabrina , Sulli Alberto , Smith Vanessa , Cutolo Maurizio
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Glucocorticosteroids (GCs) are the most used anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs due to their effectiveness in managing pain and disease modification in many immune-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs). However, their use is limited because of adverse effects (AEs).

Material and methods

The authors analyzed recent studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational, translational studies and systematic reviews, providing an in-depth viewpoint on the benefits and drawbacks of GC use in rheumatology.

Results

Glucocorticosteroids are essential in managing life-threatening autoimmune diseases and a cornerstone in many IRDs given their swift onset of action, necessary in flares.
Several RCTs and meta-analyses have demonstrated that when administered over a long time and on a low-dose basis, GC can slow the radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by at least 50%, satisfying the conventional definition of a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD).
In the context of RA treatment, the use of modified-release prednisone formulations at night may offer the option of respecting circadian rhythms of both inflammatory response and HPA activation, thereby enabling low-dose GC administration to mitigate nocturnal inflammation and prolonged morning fatigue and joint stiffness. Long-term GC use should be individualized based on patient characteristics and minimized due to their potential AEs. Their chronic use, especially at medium/high dosages, might cause irreversible organ damage due to the burden of metabolic systemic effects and increased risk of infections. Many international guidelines recommend tapering/withdrawal of GCs in sustained remission. Treat-to-target (T2T) strategies are critical in setting targets for disease activity and reducing/discontinuing GCs once control is achieved.

Conclusions

Glucocorticosteroids’ use in treating IRDs should be judicious, focused on minimizing use, tapering and discontinuing treatment, when possible, to improve long-term safety. Glucocorticosteroids remain part of many therapeutic regimens, particularly at low doses, and elderly RA patients, especially with associated chronic comorbidities, may benefit from long-term low-dose GC treatment. A personalized GC therapy is essential for optimal long-term outcomes.
Descriptive Text Writing Skills Through Picture Media in Elementary School Students
Authors: Fitrianingsih Rina Ayu , Suaedi Hasan , Vardani Eka Nova Ali
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to describe the skills of writing descriptive text through image media in the form of identification structures or general statements and section description structures in class VII students at SMP Negeri 2 Genteng. The research data is in the form of essays/the results of learning the skills of writing descriptive text through the media of images in class VII B students at SMP Negeri 2 Genteng. Data collection techniques used documentation techniques which were carried out through five stages, namely (1) research questions, (2) determining category definitions and levels of abstraction, (3) category formulation, (4) category revision, and (5) final work. The research instrument is the researcher himself as the main instrument and is assisted by supporting instruments in the form of assessment instrument tables. The data in the study were analyzed through four stages, namely: (1) reading and studying, (2) identifying, (3) presenting the results of the categorization, and (4) concluding the results of the analysis found. The technique for testing the validity of the data in this study uses the observation persistence technique. The results of the data analysis show that there are assessment indicators in the form of (1) identification structures or general statements which include object recognition. (2) the structure of the description of the part, which includes words that refer to the names of objects, material or action verbs, and adjectives. Based on the data results, this study concludes that students are categorized as good because students can write descriptive text through media images based on assessment indicators.
Study of hydrogen dilation of membranes based on transition metals
Authors:   Satbayev University, Ismagulova М.Sh. , Маylina Kh.R. ,   Satbayev University, Serikpayeva А.К. ,   Satbayev University, Panichkin А.V. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation
Published: September 2023

Niobium absorbs hydrogen well, which is accompanied by structural and phase changes in the metal. To study the phenomenon of "hydrogen embrittlement" in niobium, the work presents studies of the dilatation of samples of pure niobium and palladium-coated niobium foil at different pressures in a gaseous medium. Hydrogen dilatation measurements were carried out on a setup developed based on a Shimadzu AG 100kNx electromechanical testing machine. A series of experiments to study the deformation of niobium membranes was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, pure niobium samples were studied; at the second stage, niobium samples palliated on both sides were studied. An oxide film on the surface of niobium significantly reduces the rate of diffusion of hydrogen atoms into the bulk of the sample, which leads to the development of slow dilatation in niobium in a hydrogen atmosphere. The deposition of a catalytic palladium film on the niobium surface provides a hundreds-fold increase in the flow rate of hydrogen atoms into the sample volume. It has been proved that it is advantageous for hydrogen to occupy tetrahedral positions in the niobium lattice. To study the strain rate and detect points of phase transitions, isobars for niobium and tantalum were plotted. Based on the isobar analysis, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of Nb and Ta was calculated. A rearrangement of the crystal lattice of the base metal in the region of high temperatures, accompanied by a change in the symmetry of the structure of the substance, has been found.
Production of ferroalloys from carbonaceous rock with replacement of steel chips with magnetite
Authors:   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shevko V.M. , Mambetali A.M. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Karataeva G.E. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Lavrov B.A. ,   Saint Petersburg state technological institute
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of studies on the production of ferrosilicon, ferrosilicoaluminium and Fe-Si-Al ligatures when replacing steel chips with magnetite. The object of research was the carbonaceous rock of the Borly deposit. Thermodynamic modeling was carried out using the HSC-5.1, Chemistry software package of the Finnish metallurgical company Outokumpu, based on the principle of minimizing Gibbs energy, and experimental studies-electric melting in an arc furnace at 1000-1400°C begin to form. It was found that under equilibrium conditions, the interaction of Borly ash components with magnetite and carbon in the presence of silicon oxide with silicon-containing reduction products - Si, SiO, FeSi2, Fe3Si, FeSi, SiC; with an increase in the amount of carbon, the degree of silicon extraction in SiC increases. in the elemental state and decreases- in Fe3Si, FeSi; the degree of silicon extraction into the alloy increases, amounting to at 2000°C and 51% carbon, and the degree of silicon transition into the alloy also increases, amounting to 76.4% at 2100°C and 51% carbon. It is determined that, from Borly ash under equilibrium conditions, it is possible to obtain ferrosilicon grades FeSi15, FeSi25, FeSi45 and FeSi50 in the temperature range 1260-1860°C and ferrosilicoaluminium grades FS45A10 and FS45A15 in the temperature range 1930-2100°C. It has been experimentally established that ferrosilicon of the FeSi60 brand (68.7% Si, 1.3% Al) is formed from the conclusions of the electric melting of coal waste together with magnetite concentrate, quartzite and coke.
Self-organization of interpolymer systems with high sorption activity to uranyl ions
Authors:   Kazakh-British Technical University, Utesheva A.A. , Jumadilov T.K. ,   Institute of Chemical Sciences after A.B. Bekturov, Grazulevicius J.V. ,   Kaunas University of Technology
Published: September 2023

Uranyl ions sorption of by interpolymer system based on industrial ion exchangers: strongly acidic cation exchanger Amberlite IR120 and strongly basic anion exchanger AB-17-8 was studied. Based on the obtained data, the degree of sorption of uranyl ions by individual sorbents and interpolymer system Amberlite IR120:AB-17-8, polymeric chain binding rate and dynamic exchange capacity of individual sorbents and interpolymer system Amberlite IR120:AB-17-8 were calculated. Based on the data obtained, a comparative analysis of the sorption of uranyl ions by initial sorbents and interpolymer system was carried out, which showed that the highest degree of sorption of uranyl ions by the interpolymer system occurs within the ratios of 50%Amberlite IR120:50%AB17-8. It was found that the maximum degree of sorption of uranyl ions after 56 hours of remote interaction of ion exchangers was 38.0%, when polymeric chain binding rate was 4.63% and dynamic exchange capacity was 0.25 mmol/g. Rate of uranyl ions extraction by the initial ion exchangers 100%Amberlite IR120 and 100%AВ-17-8 was 28.0% and 13.0%. The experimental studies performed have shown a high sorption activity of interpolymer systems for uranyl ions compared to the initial ion exchangers, which makes it possible to use them for highly efficient sorption technology for extracting uranyl ions from industrial solutions.
Disposal of solutions of copper electrofining processing of non-ferrous metal scrap
Authors:   Satbayev University, Gladyshev S.V. , Rakhimova S.D. ,   Satbayev University, Imangalieva L.M. ,   Satbayev University, Kasymzhanova A.K. ,   Satbayev University
Published: September 2023

The results of studies on the utilization of copper electrorefining solutions, zinc-containing sublimation dusts of pyrometallurgical processing of non-ferrous metal scrap are presented. Zinc-containing sublimation dusts for the regeneration of commercial electrolyte by the neutralization method were used for the first time. Contained in dust, zinc oxide, when dissolved in a sulfuric acid electrolyte, binds sulfate ions of free sulfuric acid and increases the pH of the solution. When the pH of the precipitation of non-ferrous metals is reached, they are precipitated in the form of hydroxides, which makes it possible to return to processing a significant amount of copper, nickel, zinc, lead and tin contained in them. Studies of the material composition of the commercial electrolyte of copper and zinc sublimates for the processing of non-ferrous metal scrap have been carried out. The conditions for purification of the electrolyte by the method of staged neutralization are determined. The first stage of neutralization was carried out with zinc sublimates, the second and third stages with potash. As a result of the first stage of neutralization to pH 4.7, lead was obtained - a tin-containing product that can be processed together with lead-containing copper electrorefining sludge. As a result of the second stage of neutralization with potash to pH 7.1, a precipitate was obtained, after treatment of which in a KOH solution, a precipitate of copper oxide was obtained. As a result of the third stage of neutralization to pH 9.5, a nickel-zinc-containing precipitate was obtained. After treating the precipitate with a KOH solution, a zinc-containing solution and a nickel-containing precipitate were obtained, after calcining which a nickel oxide precipitate was obtained.
Orthogonal-contour geometrization of hydrogenetic ore mineralizations
Authors:   Satbayev University, Mendygaliyev A. , Arshamov Yalkunzhan ,   Satbayev University, Yazikov E. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: September 2023

The article presents an innovative approach to the geometrization of ore bodies during exploration work based on geophysical and/or core studies in wells for the purpose of areal and thickness delineation of hydrogenetic ore mineralization. The method makes it possible to obtain more accurate contours of ore bodies with a minimal increase in the number of wells constructed for this purpose. The method can be used in planning and conducting exploration work on hydrogenetic deposits. On the example of reservoir-infiltration uranium deposits of the Shu-Sarysu uranium ore province located in South Kazakhstan, shortcomings in the geometrization of ore bodies using the traditional method of placing of geological exploration wells are demonstrated, as well as the shortcomings of the proposed in literature methods of ore geometrization and the main advantages of the proposed innovative approach. The developed method solves a number of significant problems in the subsequent planning and implementation of mining and preparatory work at hydrogenetic deposits, contributes to a significant increase in the accuracy of the geometrization of ore bodies and calculation of reserves, and increases the reliability and investment attractiveness of explored hydrogenetic deposits. This method can also be used to save money by reducing the number of wells being constructed, if used for an inverse problem in order to discharge placement of exploration wells in middle part of ores bodies in hydrogenetic fields with a dense drilling grid.
Modern monitoring tools – effective way to ensure safety in subsoil use
Authors:   Satbayev University, Rysbekov K.B. , Huayang Dai ,   China University of Mining and Technology, Nurpeisova M.B. ,   Satbayev University, Lozynskyi V.H. ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Kyrgyzbayeva G.M. ,   Satbayev University, Kassymkanova K. ,   Satbayev University, Abenov А.М. ,   Satbayev University
Published: September 2023

Work aim is to carry out geomonitoring of rock mass state, which provides for comprehensive accounting and analysis of all natural and man-made factors, as well as use of methods and control tools developed by authors.Work uses complex method, including: study of mining and geological conditions, structural features of rocks of deposits and conduct of mine surveying observations in mines based on innovative methods and means of geomonitoring developed by the authors. Research materials of geomechanical processes at the mines of Akzhal, Saryoba Sayak and others are presented during projects implementation of «Development of innovative methods for predicting and assessment of rock mass state to prevent technogenic emergencies» and «Comprehensive monitoring of slow deformation processes of the earth's surface during large-scale development of ore deposits of Central Kazakhstan», and also used in the educational process of Satbayev University. As a result of research: methodology for comprehensive assessment of rocks state has been developed, which makes it possible to consider features of geological structure of undermined strata and, thereby, improve quality of geomechanical support for mining operations; design of permanent forced centering point (FCP) for installation of high-precision instruments has been developed, which makes it possible to ensure speed and accuracy of centering, as well as to exclude use of tripods; scientifically substantiated possibility of predicting stress-strain state of rock mass in the studied deposits, i.e. it is possible to determine: tensile strength - σco; clutch - K; density - γ and strength of rocks - f according to the scale of M.M. Protodyakonov; composition of hardening solution from mining waste has been developed to increase stability of sections of ledges of quarry, which has high fluidity, adhesion to rocks and sufficient strength.
Pecularities of the switching and memory effect in bismuth-doped radiation-resistant GE2SB2TE5 nanoscale films
Authors:   Astana IT University, Almas N. , Zhakiev N. ,   Astana IT University, Dyussembayev S. ,   Kazatomprom, Aldongarov А. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: September 2023

The physics and technology of noncrystalline materials is one of the rapidly developing areas of condensed matter physics, materials science, and nanotechnologies. Among the variety of materials with a non-crystalline structure, a special place is occupied by the class of chalcogenide glassy semiconductors (CGS) with unique properties and phenomena, such as the switching effect, photostructural transformations. The switching effect is observed in thin CGS films and is associated with a fast-reversible phase transition of the structure from the glassy state to the crystalline state under the action of voltage pulses or laser radiation. Based on this effect, a separate class of information carriers has been formed for non-volatile storage devices such as PCM (Phase Change Memory) with high performance and reliability. Materials for use in PCM devices are CGSs of complex compositions lying on the GeTe-Sb2Te3 quasi-binary boundary, and thin films of Ge2Sb2Te5 composition are the most promising for use in PCM devices. The ability to control the electronic properties of such functional materials based on CGS significantly expands the scope of their application and is an important scientific and practical task, since traditional methods for purposefully changing the electronic properties of crystalline semiconductors, such as doping during synthesis or the thermal diffusion method, turned out to be ineffective for CGS. Impurities introduced into CGS at low concentrations by the methods indicated above usually do not show electrical activity, since they are compensated by their charged structural defects, and an increase in the impurity concentration leads to significant crystallization. In this work, the atomic composition of Ge2Sb2Te5 nanosized films with a bismuth content of more than 12 at.%, obtained by ion-plasma deposition in the direct current mode, was studied by the method of energy dispersive analysis using a scanning electron microscope. In addition, the current–voltage characteristics of the samples were measured. It has been found that the transition voltage and the time, which characterize the switching and memory effects, depend significantly on the film thickness and composition. The addition of bismuth reduces the film switching time. A decrease in the film thickness leads to a decrease in the threshold voltage Uth and the switching time. We believe that the results of this work are useful for the development of optical memory based on phase change materials.
Influence of alloying with titanium and molybdenum on grain size high strength pipe steel
Authors:   Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abisheva, Mukhambetgaliyev Ye.K. , Kusainova G.D. ,   Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abisheva, Sharkaev S.V. ,   Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abisheva, Tusupbekova F.O. ,   Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abisheva
Published: September 2023

In Kazakhstan, there is a growing demand for oil and gas pipes and general-purpose pipes made of steels with high performance properties, high-quality blanks for mechanical engineering and structural steel for construction. The work was carried out within the framework of the Targeted Financing Program, in which, as one of the most urgent, the task was set to expand and improve the range of steel products of steel-smelting enterprises, which are in demand, first of all, in the domestic market. Some questions on microalloying with molybdenum and titanium are considered. The article presents the main results of experimental heats to obtain high-strength structural steel with titanium and molybdenum. Metallographic studies of experimental laboratory samples were carried out using an Olympus 51ВХ (TRF) light microscope. The metallographic analysis of the studied samples showed that the base steel 09G2S of the current production has a ferrite-pearlite structure. The grains have an acicular structure (the formation of polygonal ferrite) and correspond to 5-6 points. At the same time, heterogeneity is observed. The results of the study of laboratory samples alloyed with molybdenum and titanium (sample No.1 and No.2) confirm the effectiveness of the impact of microalloying elements on grain refinement, which is due to the release of a significant amount of carbonitrides of the type (MoCN, TiCN) along the grain boundaries. The microstructure of both samples consists of two well-defined phases - ferrite and pearlite, and the grain size corresponds to 7-8 points.
A method for assessing the reliability of the planned consumer quality of ores with considering the calculated accuracy of their average content
Authors:   Satbayev University, Kurmankozhaev А.
Published: September 2023

The method consists in ensuring the reliability of the planned consumer quality of ores by using non-parametric properties of the variation of unevenness, variability and uncertainty of contents, which predetermine the weighted average value of the average, according to which qualimetrically averaged aggregate and frequency integrity of contents is reproduced. The method is based on the concept of reproducing qualimetrically averaged sets of contents, zonal based on the nature of their distribution and the uniformity of their values, using the qualimetric geoindicator property of the modal concentration of ores. The fundamental difference of the method is in achieving the reliability of the planned average grade - "by areas of qualimetrically averaged grades" instead of the traditional one - "by grouped point samples", in which stabilization of the quality of ores is achieved before mining. Based on the results of qualimetric averaging of grades, qualimetric maps are compiled containing geological zones of high-quality and ordinary ores, and ores with modal grades, and consumer quality calculation blocks. In-situ-experimentally confirmed the feasibility of the minimum limits of deviations of the contents of the initial production coming to the processing and processing processes from the planned ones for the extraction sites, achieved when extracting the reserves of the reproduced sites of ordinary, high-quality, high-quality and near-edge ores. Geological and geometric bases are being created for the modernization of the processes of exploration, calculation, preparation and excavation of reserves, the costs of technical averaging are reduced, and losses of metals in mining waste and processing tailings are eliminated.
Investigation of thermal properties of charged materials for ferroalloy with titanium by the carbothermal method smelting
Authors:   Karaganda Technical University named after A. Saginov, Vorobkalo N.R. , Makhambetov E.N. ,   Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev, Baisanov A.S. ,   Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev, Abdirashit A. ,   Karaganda Industrial University, Tazhiyev Ye.B. ,   Satbayev University
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the results of studies of the thermal properties for charge materials investigated for the smelting of a ferroalloy with titanium by the carbothermal method. The following charge materials were involved and studied in the work: ilmenite concentrate from the Shokash deposit (Aktobe region, Martuk district), high-ash coals, indispensable for domestic purposes for their intended purpose. Derivatographic analysis was used to study the thermal properties of the charge. To compare the electrical resistance of coals in order to select an effective reducing agent, in this work, measurements of the electrical resistance of high-ash coals from the Saryadyr, Borly and Ekibastuz deposit were carried out. As a result, it was found that for the smelting of a new complex titanium-containing ferroalloy, high-ash coal from the Saryadyr deposit is most applicable.
Influence of fluxing additives on aluminothermic synthesis of aluminum borides
Authors:   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Allan I. , Aknazarov S. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Golovchenko O. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Bairakova O. ,   «Zhalyn» LLP, Ponomareva Ye. ,   «Zhalyn» LLP, Mutushev A. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: September 2023

In the article, the influence of fluxing additives on the kinetics of the process and the yield of the alloy is investigated. It has been proven that the use of fluoride salts, in particular CaF2, in an amount from 15.0 to 18.0% contributes to an increase in the burning rate of the charge, the formation of mobile liquid slags that improve phase separation; at 6.7-8.0%, the maximum yield of the alloy occurs. The features of the use of fluxing additives in aluminothermic processes, the dependences of the charge burning rate based on the B2O3-Al system on the amount of flux were determined. The choice of a flux and the determination of its optimal amount, which provides the necessary physicochemical properties of the slag melt, which contributes to the formation of an ingot of aluminum borides, more complete phase separation, were carried out, experiments were carried out using: calcium oxide, fluorspar, potassium chlorides, potassium tetrafluoroborate in various combinations. The effectiveness of using potassium tetrafluoroborate as a fluxing additive mixed with fluorspar to increase the yield of the alloy and increase the boron content in it is analyzed.
Estimation of recoverable reserves of carbonate reservoirs at the early development stage
Authors:   Atyrau branch LLP «KMGE», Duzbayeva G.B. , Uteev R.N. ,   Atyrau branch LLP «KMGE», Khazhitov V.Z. ,   Atyrau branch LLP «KMGE», Mardanov A.S. ,   Atyrau branch LLP «KMGE»
Published: September 2023

Nowadays the boundary parameters of reservoir identification are expanding due to the scientific and technological progress which cause in the improvement of field development technologies and the creating of new EOR (enhanced oil recovery) methods. Usually new oil fields are presented by low-permeable rock with complex geological structure which results in demand of updated analytical tools, because existing methods of oil displacement characteristics construction annually loses its relevance. The aim of this article is to present new methodology of operational evaluation of recoverable oil reserves both for terrigenous and carbonate reservoirs, which considers the difference and features of poroperm properties of reservoirs. This methodology is based on special core analysis and relative permeability curves which are less time-consuming comparing to 3D simulational model. The fractional flow curve was used as a basic tool which operates current water saturation as reserves recovery and phase permeability, as equivalent to water cut. Modifying these parameters makes it possible to predict the flow process and reserves recovery. The comparison of obtained results with the results of applying traditional methods shows a high level of forecasting reliability, since the retrospective forecast was fully confirmed by historical development data.
Study of the influence of large shear strains and vortex flow of metal on the formation of an equiaxed ultrafine-grained structure of the E110 zirconium alloy by X-ray diffraction analysis
Authors:   Nazarbayev University, Lutchenko N. , Arbuz А. ,   Nazarbayev University, Kawalek А. ,   Częstochowa University of Technology, Ozhmegov К. ,   Częstochowa University of Technology, Panin Ye. ,   Karaganda Industrial University, Magzhanov М. ,   A.Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Popov F. ,   Karaganda Industrial University
Published: September 2023

In this work, the task was to investigate the processes of microstructure change occurring in relatively large bulk bars under the action of large plastic deformations. Such large levels of deformation are usually achievable in high pressure twisting of small flat disks, but are difficult to achieve in large bulk bars. The method of radial shear rolling makes it possible to achieve comparable ultrahigh degrees of deformation (~ 45 mm/mm) in combination with the vortex flow of the metal. Sequential rolling of the E110 zirconium alloy was carried out under extreme conditions on 2 radial shear rolling mills with a total reduction in diameter ε = 185% and a maximum accumulated deformation = 46 mm/mm. To assess the level of deformation and its distribution over the section, FEM modeling was carried out in Deform-3D. The resulting structure was studied by electron microscopy (TEM/SEM). A detailed cross-sectional study of the EBSD structure was performed with a resolution of 1 mm. A gradient structure with a predominance of an equiaxed ultrafine-grained structure was found, which was not very pronounced compared to the use of smaller deformations.
Prospects for the development of mineral resources of the largest mining enterprises in the short and long term periods of their activity. Part II. Chrome, bauxites
Authors:   Eurasian Group LLP, Akylbekov S.A. , Uzhkenov B.S. ,   Academy of Mineral resources of Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: September 2023

Based on stock and published materials, the article reveals some potential of the earth's interior of the Republic, showing the possibility of expanding the mineral resource base of existing mining enterprises by re-evaluating and re-evaluating near-surface and searching for new deposits of medium and deep depths. In the future, the creation of new territorial industrial complexes in some ore regions of Kazakhstan on the basis of approved reserves and predicted mineral resources is not ruled out. It is noted that: for copper, in addition to porphyry copper, there are great prospects for identifying cuprous sandstones and shales; according to the iron-estimation, numerous geological and geophysical anomalies are insufficiently or not studied at all, which have prospects for the search for deposits of both small, medium and large depths; in a chrome way, it is recommended to perform a reinterpretation of materials on the area of a large number of outcrops of ore bodies, collapses and ore occurrences and consider them as criteria for prospecting for either deep deposits or placers; for bauxite raw materials, significant reserves are predicted in areas of known deposits and ore occurrences, certain reserves can be identified in deposits of mining and mining and chemical raw materials and, most importantly, analyze materials on depressions with coal deposits, under which large and super-large (unique) Al2O3 resources, as well as pay special attention to non-bauxite aluminum raw materials, where the researchers predicted billions of Al2O3 reserves. It is concluded that existing and newly created enterprises will be provided with raw materials for many years.
New Technologies in Mining Sustainable Production. Tailings Management and Mining Chemicals
Authors:   Istanbul Technical University, Bascetin A. , Tuylu S. ,   Istanbul Technical University, Adıguzel D. ,   Istanbul Technical University
Published: September 2023

Million tonnes of tailings are formed in the world each year due to increasing mining activities along with the increase in need for raw materials. The tailings may cause important environmental problems. Therefore, tailings management is very important issue in mining operations. In recent years, with the developing technology, the new tailing disposal technologies such as paste and using geotextile materials have increased considerably. These methods have many advantages in terms of both environmental and cost reducing. Another important issue in terms of mining is the accidents and occupational health problems in underground coal mines. The problems can be described as spontaneous combustion, roof collapse, gases extraction from coal bed, and etc. These accidents have been significantly reduced with use of mining chemicals in underground mines. In this study, tailing management and mining chemicals which are very important in terms of mining applications are examined.
Development of a simulation model for determining the coordinates of air objects based on the GNSS navigation signal reflected from the air object and received on the antenna of the navigation receiver
Authors:   Institute of Space Engineering and Technology, Akhmedov D.Sh. , Boguspaev N.B. ,   Institute of Space Engineering and Technology, Raskaliev A.S. ,   Institute of Space Engineering and Technology, Samsonenko A.I. ,   Institute of Space Engineering and Technology, Zhumagali S.Zh. ,   Institute of Space Engineering and Technology
Published: September 2023

This article is devoted to the development of a simulation model for determining the coordinates of air objects based on the GNSS navigation signal reflected from the air object and received on the antenna of the navigation receiver. To solve the problem of radar of aerial objects using bistatic location based on the use of GNSS satellites, it was necessary to pre-evaluate the energy or energy potential of the satellite navigation signal reflected from the aerial object, which then comes to the receiving antenna of the navigation equipment of consumers. The results obtained in the form of the developed computational schemes will form the basis of the algorithmic and software of the passive radar system and will allow determining the requirements for its technical support carried out within the framework of the grant project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. AP09260581. In this paper, simulation modeling is understood as such an approach to modeling complex systems, which allows us to develop a single meta-model that combines into an integral set of models of objects and processes of their interaction based on a single information and event space in a single discrete time scale, and implement the resulting meta-model in an electronically equivalent form on an electronic computer. One of the main tasks of the study of complex radio engineering systems by modeling is the choice of modeling principles that should allow the construction of the simulated system in accordance with the goals and objectives of the study in such a way that the model adequately reflects the processes and patterns of behavior of the system under study with the necessary degree of reliability and detail. One of the most productive methods of developing a software and hardware complex of simulation modeling is object-oriented modeling.
Physical and chemical studies of finely-dispersed slurry tailings of the Donskoy Ore Mining and Processing Plant (DMPP) for chemical beneficiation to produce chromium concentrate
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Tastanov Ye.A. , Serzhanova N.Kh. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Sadykov N.M.-K. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Yerzhanova Zh.A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Tastanova A.Ye. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation
Published: September 2023

During the processing of chromium ores, chromite concentrate is obtained for the production of ferrochrome, and waste is also collected - tailings beneficiation. Fragment and sludge tailings depending on the beneficiation technology. Finely dispersed sludge tailings of the Donskoy MPP of Kazchrome JSC are stored at the Dubersay and Akzhar tailings, which are man-made deposits (MMD) or man-made mineral formations (MMF). To develop a technology for processing sludge tailings, which contain up to 30% chromium oxide, their physical and chemical studies were carried out. According to the chemical analysis of sludge tailings, it follows that research should be directed to the removal of magnesium and silicon oxides, thereby increasing the content of chromium oxide to a standard chromium concentrate. A very thin dissemination of chromite with minerals of host rocks necessitates additional grinding of intermediate products, which are intergrowths of chromite with waste rock. According to the results of fractional analysis and IR spectroscopy, the content of a large number of flocculants in the studied sludge tailings and a large number of particles with a particle size of less than 20 μm, which, in heavy liquid solutions, due to its small size, is in suspension and does not stratify, was revealed. According to the granulometric composition, it was determined that the sludge minus 0.071 mm must also be classified into 0.04 and 0.02 mm and enriched each class separately. It has been established that in order to obtain high technological performance, the traditional gravitational beneficiation scheme used at the DMPP is technologically cumbersome, because includes operations of flocculant disintegration, classification, grinding, beneficiation on concentration tables of each size class, regrinding of intermediate products. The results of the physicochemical study of chromium sludge tailings showed the need for a combined beneficiation scheme, including chemical enrichment with finishing of chromium concentrate by gravity beneficiation.
Estimation of genetic gains by different selection criteria in biofortified mini lettuce genotypes
Authors: P. Jacinto Ana Carolina , Castoldi Renata , Da Silva Isadora G. , Dos S. Carmo Glecia J. , Maciel Gabriel M. , Moreira Édimo F.A. , De O. Charlo Hamilton César , Finzi Rafael R.
Published: September 2023

The development of mini lettuce genotypes with good agronomic characteristics are fundamental to launch new cultivars. Thus, the objective was to compare the variability of biofortified mini lettuce genotypes by analyzing its principal components and hierarchical clusters and evaluate different selection indices to estimate selection gain. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Uberlândia in a randomized block design implemented with 11 treatments (10 genotypes of mini lettuce generation F5:6 and one mini lettuce commercial cultivar) and four repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: chlorophyll content (SPAD índex), stem diameter and length, plant diameter and height, number of leaves per plant, fresh mass of the aerial part, and bolting tolerance. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and genotypes were compared using the Scott-Knott test (P≤0.05). Additionally, principal components, hierarchical clusters, and correlation were evaluated (P≤0.05). The best genotypes were chosen by appropriate direct and indirect selection and the main indices: William’s index, selection index from Smith and Hazel, and Mulamba y Mock index. There were five groups and a significant negative correlation of all agronomic characteristics evaluated with resistance to bolting, except stem length.  William’s index provided a balanced distribution of genetic gains by selecting the genotypes UFU 66#8, UFU 215#2, UFU 215#7 and UFU 215#13.
Geographic variation in total phenol content and specific leaf area, as antioxidant indicators, of maqui in central Chile
Authors: Misle A. Enrique , Garrido G. Estrella , Contardo P. Hugo , Kahlaoui Besma
Published: September 2023

The high content of antioxidants of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) has recently motivated an increase in the research on this species. This study evaluates the variation in phenolic antioxidants of maqui leaves in the Chilean province of Curicó according to geographical location and sun exposure, using total phenol content (TP) and specific leaf area (SLA) as indicators. Leaves were collected from natural populations inside the province, sampling 15 leaves and three replicates per geographic location. The relationships between SLA and TP, SLA and geographical location, and TP content and geographical location, were assessed in 20 locations within the province. TP varied from 118.36 to 201.9 mg∙g-1 (GAE) and SLA from 76.8 to 188.2 cm2∙g-1.  In general, north facing plants exhibited the highest TP and the lowest SLA. When grouping sampled populations according exposure (north facing, south facing and valley), only north facing points resulted in a significant negative correlation with longitude (r= -0.980, P≤0.05), implicating that moving westward less phenol content would be found. TP and SLA varied according to exposure and geographical location. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between SLA and TP (r = -0.56, P≤0.05), suggesting the use of this parameter as practical indicator of phenolic antioxidants in maqui.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Akademik Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 1 Loea
Authors: Irwan Syahib Muhammad
Published: September 2023

This research aims to develop a web-based academic information system for SMK Negeri 1 Loea, utilizing the waterfall system development methodology. The advancement of information technology is an undeniable aspect of this digital era. One of the widely utilized technological developments is web-based information systems. Currently, many schools have yet to harness the potential of this information system technology to assist students in accessing their academic information. Academic Information Systems have become crucial in the current digital age, especially in remote areas. The result of this research is the successful creation of a web-based academic information system, which has been tested for its functionality and proven to provide ease in data management and information dissemination to students, teachers, and users. By using this system, issues that occasionally arise can be minimized.
Strategi pemanfaatan Learning Management System berbasis Moodle untuk Penilaian Pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Kurnia Yudhi , Hidayati Dian
Published: September 2023

Learning Management System merupakan sistem yang penting dalam kegiatan pembebalajaran di masa pandemi Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi
guru dalam pemanfaatan LMS berbasis Moodle. Metoda penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara daring (Administrator system) dan guru mata pelajaran secara tertulis menggunakan aplikasi whatsapp, serta penelaahan konten sistem dengan melihat aplikasi yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa sekolah telah melakukan strategi pemanfaatan Learning Management System dengan melaksanakan langkah-langkah diantaranya: 1) mewajibkan guru untuk menggunakan LMS; 2) meningkatkan kapasitas server sekolah; 3) memberikan pelatihan-pelatihan penggunaan sistem terhadap guru.
ANGINA WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (Part 3). MODERN TREATMENT STRATEGIES
Authors:   Scientific and Practical Centre “Cardiology” Minsk, Republic of Belarus, S. Solovey
Published: September 2023

The main cause of angina in patients without obstructive coronary artery (CA) disease is vasomotor dysfunction, including various pathophysiological endotypes: macro- or microvascular vasospasm, reduced microvascular vasodilation or increased resistance, as well as their combinations. Such patients not only have persistent angina symptoms, leading to frequent hospitalizations and repeated diagnostic tests for obstructive coronary heart disease (CHD), but also an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. In such cases, standard antianginal therapy turns out to be less effective, and the development of new pharmacological agents specific for this variant of CHD still remains an unsatisfied need. At the same time, it has been shown that compliance with the treatment protocol corresponding to a specific disease endotype improves symptom control and quality of life. Treatment of patients includes lifestyle modification measures with control of cardiovascular risk factors, and antianginal therapy, the targeting of which requires accurate, in most cases invasive, diagnosis of pathophysiological endotype. An important component of the treatment process is a non-drug effect, especially in patients with refractory angina pectoris. The article discusses various treatment options (including experimental) and their rationale in patients with angina pectoris without obstructive lesions of the СА.