bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF FAILURE-FREE OPERATION LEVEL ON COSTS RELATED TO PRODUCTION AND GUARANTEE SERVICE OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS
Authors: Ter-Saakova I. M. , Podalyakina N. I. , Khodakovsky V. A.
Published: July 2018

Basis of market of national consumption is presently formed by non-redundant products. Reliability of these devices is wholly determined by the level of failure-free operation of their constituents. With the industrial products of the non-domestic use redundancy both in the repaired and non-repaired equipment is used on different levels: redundancy at the level of components, blocks and units on the whole, and also at the level of elements (deep fractional redundancy).To make a forecast on the share of products that fail during operation, one can know the probability of failure-free operation of the product for a certain time. The article gives the indicator of the probability of failure-free operation of the product – a quantifiable estimated value, which is calculated as the ratio of the undisclosed number of products to their total number. The graph characterizing the changes in the probability of failure-free operation of the products is given. It is assumed that the probability of failure-free operation of articles varies exponentially. The construction of an economic model based on the category of fail-safe products is considered. This model is built taking into account the condition that the product guarantees issued by the manufacturer should be correlated with the number of possible failures of the products during this time. The conclusion is made that the product reliability category is the only category of risk assessment of the manufacturer on the market when issuing guarantees for its products. The assumption is made that the price of improving the reliability can be different and depends on many circumstances, but always increase of the product reliability is associated with an increase of its cost. The problem is solved, due to the fact that some of the products supplied by the manufacturer to the market will fail. Thus, it is necessary to know the proportion of failed products, which is determined by the quality of manufacture and reliability of the product put in the process of its design and production. The graph of the dependence of the total costs for the production and operation of innovative products on the probability of their trouble-free operation is given. The main advantages of the proposed economic model are formulated.
Dynamic m6A methylation facilitates mRNA triaging to stress granules
Authors: Anders Maximilian , Chelysheva Irina , Goebel Ingrid , Trenkner Timo , Zhou Jun , Mao Yuanhui , Verzini Silvia , Qian Shu-Bing , Ignatova Zoya
Published: July 2018

Reversible post-transcriptional modifications on messenger RNA emerge as prevalent phenomena in RNA metabolism. The most abundant among them is N6-methyladenosine (m6A) which is pivotal for RNA metabolism and function; its role in stress response remains elusive. We have discovered that in response to oxidative stress, transcripts are additionally m6A modified in their 5′ vicinity. Distinct from that of the translationally active mRNAs, this methylation pattern provides a selective mechanism for triaging mRNAs from the translatable pool to stress-induced stress granules. These stress-induced newly methylated sites are selectively recognized by the YTH domain family 3 (YTHDF3) “reader” protein, thereby revealing a new role for YTHDF3 in shaping the selectivity of stress response. Our findings describe a previously unappreciated function for RNA m6A modification in oxidative-stress response and expand the breadth of physiological roles of m6A.
Maori TV: The First Ten Years
Authors: Gauthier Jennifer L.
Published: July 2018

In February of 2018, Māori Television began broadcasting several shows associated with the WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment) franchise, including its flagship programs, “Raw” and “Smackdown.” One airing per week is in te reo Māori.  Not surprisingly, this decision led to a wave of controversy that has not dissipated. Critics cite the promotion of violence and the lack of Māori content on the show, while supporters note that broadcasting popular entertainment will bring more viewers to the station.
Sediment Yield by Category
Authors: Barranco-Fabre Adrian
Published: July 2018

The land use greatly influence water quality on the one supplied by watersheds. Land use changes often increase significantly the sedimentation and nutrient pollution. Human activity can generate as well pollutant concentration rising and heavily affect water treatment cost for urban supply. This map shows the total quantity of sediment moving out of a watershed in a given time interval, being expressed as units of tonnes/km2/year, organized into four categories: “Low” if less than 6 tonnes/km2; “Medium” if between 6-40 tonnes/km2; “High” if more than 40 tonnes/km2, and “No information”.

For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf

You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true

Basin
Drinking Water
Groundwater
Human Settlements
Supply
Surface water
Withdrawal to available ratio for surface sources (WTA)
Authors: Barranco-Fabre Adrian
Published: July 2018

Water withdrawals or water abstractions, is the freshwater taken from ground or surface water sources and conveyed to a place of use. These, normally, are sectorial distributed and in this specific case, five of the most important water sectors such as irrigation, livestock-based agriculture, industry, thermal electricity production, and households and small businesses are examined. (Estimated from the WaterGAP3 model) This map shows the quantity of WTA taken from available watersheds.

For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf

You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true

Basin
Drinking Water
Groundwater
Human Settlements
Supply
Surface water
UNESCO World Heritage Sites exposed to the flooding in Pakistan (August 2010)
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

This map overlays a NASA's Earth Observing-1 satellite image of Pakistan on August 11, 2010 after two weeks of devastating flooding, and a layer on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Focus is on the archeological ruins of Moenjodaro, which was affected by the flooding.

Culture
Disaster
Flood
İyi tarım uygulamalarına geçen işletmelerin gelirlerindeki değişimin ve iyi tarım desteğinin yeterlilik düzeyinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Aydın Eryılmaz Gamze , Kılıç Osman
Published: July 2018

Araştırmanın
amacı, Samsun ili Bafra ilçesinde konvansiyonel tarımdan iyi tarım
uygulamalarına geçen işletmelerin gelirlerindeki değişimi ve iyi tarım
desteğinin yeterlilik düzeyini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma verileri, konvansiyonel
tarım yapan 60 işletme ile iyi tarım uygulamaları yapan 17 işletmeden anket
yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Veriler; 5-39 da, 40-79 da ve 79 dekardan fazla
araziye sahip işletmeler ile işletmeler ortalamasına göre analiz edilmiştir.
Araştırmada konvansiyonel tarım için en yüksek gelirli işletme organizasyonu
doğrusal programlamayla, iyi tarım uygulamalarına yönelik işletme organizasyonu
ise hedef programlamayla tespit edilmiştir. İyi tarım uygulamalarına geçen
işletmelerin gelirlerindeki değişim, doğrusal programlama ile hedef programlama
sonucu elde edilen brüt kâr arasındaki farka göre ortaya konulmuştur. İyi tarım
uygulamalarına geçen işletmelerdeki brüt kâr,
konvansiyonel tarımdaki optimum brüt kâra göre işletme büyüklük grupları
itibariyle % 8.84 (99.18 TL da-1), % 8.26 (97.61 TL da-1),
% 9.09 (88.24 TL da-1) ve işletmeler ortalamasına göre % 8.60
(92.56 TL da-1) azalmaktadır. Brüt kârdaki bu azalmanın, işletme
büyüklük gruplarında % 50.42, % 51.23 ve % 56.66’sı, işletmeler
ortalamasında ise % 54.02’si iyi tarım desteğiyle karşılanmaktadır. Bu
sonuçlara göre, iyi tarım uygulamalarına geçişin teşvik edilmesi için, verilen
desteğin işletme büyüklüklerini de dikkate alacak şekilde ve en az brüt kâr
kaybını karşılayacak düzeye çıkartılması gerekmektedir.
Peranan Pupuk Kalsium pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Belum Menghasilkan
Authors: Widodo Hupudio Hutomo , Sudradjat .
Published: July 2018

Penelitian optimasi pupuk kalsium pada kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh pemupukan tanaman kelapa sawit belum menghasilkan umur satu tahun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Teaching Farm Kelapa Sawit Jonggol, Bogor dari bulan Oktober 2013 hingga Maret 2014. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas 1 faktor, yaitu pemupukan kalsium dengan 4 taraf dosis Ca: tanpa kalsium (Ca0), 0.6 kg (Ca1), 1.2 kg (Ca2), dan 2.3 kg (Ca3) kalsium. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas 5 tanaman sehingga terdapat 60 tanaman contoh. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemupukan kalsium tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan morfologi dan fisiologi tanaman.
REMUNERAÇÃO VARIÁVEL NAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS DE E-COMMERCE: UM ESTUDO DAS MAIORES EMPRESAS NACIONAIS.
Authors: Pinheiro Raul Gomes , Carvalho Edison Roberto , Pereira Monica Silva
Published: July 2018

Com o objetivo de evidenciar como as remunerações variáveis ocorrem nas empresas de e-commerce, foram analisadas as demonstrações financeiras do ano de 2016 das Lojas Americanas, Magazine Luiza, Raia Drogasil, Livraria Saraiva e B2W tidas como as mais relevantes deste segmento. Constatou-se que as informações relacionadas ao comércio eletrônico são pouco divulgadas, ou divulgadas de forma não uniforme, ou seja, cada empresa divulga os resultados obtidos na venda pela internet de um jeito. Esta falta de padronização dificulta a interpretação dos dados contidos nestas demonstrações financeiras no que se refere ao comercio eletrônico. A segregação entre segmentos permite avaliar com nitidez os dados referentes ao lucro a forma como seus executivos são remunerados. Ainda assim, observa se que as empresas remuneram seus principais executivos utilizando planos de remuneração variável e distribuem seus lucros por meio de distribuição de dividendos e remuneração com base em ações, de acordo com as regras vigentes. Entretanto, nas demonstrações financeiras de algumas empresas as receitas obtidas pelo e-commerce são somadas as receitas obtidas pelas lojas físicas, o que impede de determinar qual o resultado desta empresa se considerar apenas o comércio eletrônico. Isto posto, para as empresas de e-commerce que atuam também com lojas físicas, para o resultado final e a distribuição de dividendos irá considerar uma única receita de vendas.
LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO E HATE SPEECH NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: SILVA DEBORA PEREIRA , CABRAL NURIA MICHELINE MENESES , PAIXÃO ALESSANDRO GONÇALVES DA
Published: July 2018

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar a temática envolvendo Liberdade de Expressão e Discurso de Ódio, assunto que é objeto de intensos debates nas Cortes Constitucionais. De um lado, alguns alegam a supremacia da Liberdade de Expressão e que tal garantia deve servir como proteção a qualquer manifestação de pensamento, seja ela aceita ou não pela coletividade. Assim, a liberdade de expressão funciona como instrumento para a seleção de ideias, fortalecendo o debate democrático. Outros, ainda, acreditam que a dignidade humana deve prevalecer sobre a liberdade de manifestação de pensamento, rechaçando-se qualquer manifestação de intolerância. Entretanto, toda cautela é necessária na análise da limitação de direitos fundamentais, pois embora os bens em aparente conflito sejam bastante relevantes para o cenário democrático-constitucional, os direitos fundamentais são valores passíveis de múltiplas interpretações.
A INTERCEPTAÇÃO TELEFÔNICA E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NO PROCESSO PENAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: DOS SANTOS HUGO RIBEIRO , CALAÇA HELDER LINCOLN
Published: July 2018

A proposta do artigo é analisar a importância da interceptação telefônica no direito processual brasileiro. A lei federal nº 9.296/96 formaliza o procedimento necessário para que o direito à inviolabilidade das comunicações seja relativizado para atender as demandas de provas e meios de obtenção de provas no processo penal brasileiro. O presente artigo discorre sobre princípios constitucionais penais que permitem a existência deste instituto, além de analisar minuciosamente os requisitos legais para a autorização da interceptação das comunicações telefônicas e telemáticas de um indivíduo. Ademais, algumas outras problemáticas doutrinárias serão abordadas e jurisprudência sobre a temática será exposta e analisada para corroborar o posicionamento da pesquisa em tela.
VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER EM URUAÇU (2006-2015) – SÓ A LEI NÃO BASTA
Authors: TEIXEIRA MAÍSA FRANÇA , PAZ KÁTIA RÚBIA DA SILVA , MIRANDA ISABELA GEÓRGIA ALVES
Published: July 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivos demonstrar a Lei Maria da Penha, como um instrumento importante de defesa nos casos de violência contra a mulher, mesmo que ainda não se possa coibi-la totalmente, pois só a Lei não basta e as mulheres seguem expostas. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica documental e de campo, realizada nas doutrinas jurídicas e leis que tratam do tema. O campo foi realizado a partir da análise de fichas de notificação fornecidas pela Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher de Uruaçu-GO. O artigo se justifica pela importância do debate que envolve a sociedade, diante da gravidade do acontecimento que fere a mulher e reverbera um a um na família, na vizinhança, principalmente nas crianças e adolescentes e idosos próximos dela, no seio familiar. Para analisar a violência contra a mulher, foi escolhido o município de Uruaçu-Goiás em face da facilidade para coleta de dados. O recorte temporal de dez anos examinado foi determinado de 2006 a 2015 por ser suficiente para esclarecer a quantidade e a qualidade da incidência, os principais agressores e os motivos das agressões relatadas pelas vítimas notificados nas Fichas de Notificação, das quais foram extraídos os dados sobre a violência sofrida pela mulher na cidade de Uruaçu-GO.
Análise dos fatores determinantes da Segurança Pública nos municípios de Minas Gerais
Authors: Anjos Daniela Araújo dos , Vieira Michelle Aparecida , Almeida Fernanda Maria de
Published: July 2018

Considerando a dinâmica da criminalidade no Estado brasileiro, o crescimento acentuado dos seus índices e a maior demanda por segurança pública, esse estudo teve como objetivo identificar quais são os fatores determinantes que explicam o nível de segurança pública no Estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, buscou-se na literatura atual indicadores identificados como determinantes da segurança pública para selecionar as variáveis para o estudo. Foi utilizada a análise exploratória dos dados; a estratificação para agrupar os municípios com relação ao nível de segurança; análise fatorial para agrupar as variáveis em fatores e a regressão múltipla para verificar o efeito desses fatores na situação da Segurança Pública nos municípios mineiros.  Foi constatado que 110 municípios possuem baixo nível de segurança pública, 572 se enquadram no nível médio e 171 no nível alto.  Foram obtidos seis fatores, denominados: Aspectos Populacionais e Estruturais, Perfil Socioeconômico Municipal, Potencial Criminal e Jurídico, Potencial Investigativo, Potencial de Investimentos, Eficiência Jurídica. Diante destes resultados percebe-se a necessidade dos entes governamentais repensar como operacionalizar os aspectos condicionantes relacionados a segurança, de modo que a ação do poder público seja voltada a preservação do bem estar social que inclui, dentre outros direitos, a manutenção da segurança pública.
Os Paradigmas e as novas perspectivas para as políticas públicas de segurança no Brasil
Authors: DE LIMA ANDERSON RODRIGO ANDRADE , COLVERO RONALDO BERNARDINO
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo analisa e compara os três paradigmas que vêm balizando a agenda da segurança no Brasil nas últimas décadas: o Paradigma da Segurança Nacional, iniciado ainda na Era Vargas e fortalecido no período da Ditadura Militar; o Paradigma da Segurança Pública, iniciado em meados da década de oitenta e consolidou-se com a Constituição de 1988; e finalmente o Paradigma da Segurança Cidadã, que vem ganhando espaço nas políticas públicas desde a década de 1990. O trabalho valeu-se de uma breve contextualização histórica e de pesquisa bibliográfica, privilegiando-se o uso de artigos e livros da área de segurança pública. Conclui-se que os três paradigmas decorrem de políticas em transformação, que acompanham as respectivas relações Estado-Sociedade e se refletem na organização jurídico-penal e político-administrativo dos órgãos de segurança pública.
VAIDADE CRIMINAL
Authors: Panatieri Cristiane Bianco
Published: July 2018

A vaidade criminal foi identificada e delineada por José Ingenieros na obra Vaidade criminal e piedade homicida conforme o paradigma positivista da época, entretanto, com as novas formas de comunicação e interação instrumentalizando os anseios de destaque individuais, tornou-se imperativo confrontá-la com teorias criminológicas complexas que expandem a análise abordando elementos, como cultura, estrutura e objetivos sociais, a fim de verificar sua atualidade identificando possíveis alterações de configuração desde a sua abordagem inaugural. No contexto de uma sociedade narcisista e consumista, o crime surge como uma possibilidade de acessar ideais de consumo e de status inacessíveis aos excluídos dessa realização, através dos meios socialmente tolerados. Por sua vez, as novas formas de comunicação e de interação em rede propiciam a autopromoção, que por vezes contribui para que o deleite seja apenas instantâneo além de disseminar a ilusão do sucesso econômico. A imitação, vinculada ao tema por Ingenieros e presente na Teoria da associação diferencial, constitui mecanismo através do qual a percepção do outro e o desejo de protagonismo são combinado em busca de satisfazer a vaidade que almeja os objetivos sociais gerais sem necessariamente abandonar os valores sociais dominantes.
E-Participation in the Legislative Process Lessons from Estonia for Enhancing Democratic Empowerment
Authors: Glencross Andrew
Published: July 2018

This paper assesses the success of an innovative national e-participation project in Estonia. To carry out this task, the paper combines quantitative (aggregate user data, content analysis via tagging) and qualitative (individual user survey and interviews with public officials) data analysis. The analysis is conducted with two principal research objectives in mind. Firstly, to explain how e-participation has fared in Estonia, both in terms of citizen mobilization and government responses. The second goal is to evaluate a series of procedural and technological changes for enhancing e-participation. The Estonian case provides ample lessons for ensuring that e-participation in practice can better meet the expectations of users and government officials alike.
Studie: E-Partizipation in Deutschland
Authors: Märker Oliver
Published: July 2018

This contribution presents the results of a study on “E-Participation – Electronic Participation of Citizens and Economy at E-Government” which was ordered by the German Ministry of the Interior in 2007. The authors of this article also co-authored the study. In the study, state of the art and chances of electronic participation in Germany are described and recommendations for action as well as proposals for projects and measures for the national program “E-Government 2.0” are given. This article describes the understanding of “e-participation” and the methodology of the study including results of surveys conducted in Germany. Then, the results of a strengths-and-weaknesses analysis are presented comparing the German with the international state of the art of eParticipation. Finally, some recommendations on the basis of this comparison are made.
Electronic Petitions and Institutional Modernization. International Parliamentary E-Petition Systems in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Lindner Ralf , Riehm Ulrich
Published: July 2018

Since 2000, a number of parliaments and governments have introduced electronic petitions systems (e-petitions). Compared to most other means of e-participation made available by public institutions, e-petitions have moved beyond the experimental stage and are characterized by a high level of institutionalization and procedural maturity. Hence, the field of e-petitioning is particularly promising if the relationship between public institutions and Internet-based participation channels is to be better understood. Based on empirical data generated in the research project "Public electronic petitions and civic involvement" conducted on behalf of the German Bundestag, the article undertakes an analysis of the e-petition systems of the Scottish Parliament, the Parliament of Queensland, the Bundestag and the Norwegian Municipalities in comparative perspective. Apart from presenting the systems’ main technical and procedural features and selected user statistics, the article attempts to explain the high attractiveness of e-petitions for parliaments and governments.
Paper Records and Electronic Audits: A Step Towards Regaining Voter Trust
Authors: Awad Mohammed , Leiss Ernst L
Published: July 2018

The shortcomings of the voting systems used in the 2000 presidential election raised the awareness of the need to replace these systems. As a result, with the funds of Help America Vote Act (HAVA), many US states switched to Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) voting systems before the 2004 elections. Unfortunately these paperless voting machines were not as secure and efficient as state officials had hoped. Since their implementation, many studies have shown the threats of these systems and their flaws. While some data security experts tried to improve these voting systems, many discouraged their use and recommended more transparent methods.Although, several countries in Europe and around the world have successfully utilized E-voting, many US districts and states still don’t trust this technology and are returning to paper ballots. In this paper, we will propose a new system as a solution to the current problems. This approach combines the advantages of both paper ballots and Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) voting systems while avoiding the major flaws of these systems.
Making Sense of Gov 2.0 Strategies: “No Citizens, No Party”
Authors: Ferro Enrico , Molinari Francesco
Published: July 2018

One of the main factors contributing to the limited impact of eParticipation projects is the presence of a high level of social complexity that has been identified by Macintosh as one of the five challenges in the implementation of eParticipation practices. How to make sense of social complexity is still an open issue as well as the way governments can take benefit from the wealth of information that is already available on their constituencies’ collective behaviour. In this paper, we contend that the presence of a considerable variance in terms of political interests, educational level and technological skills makes it very difficult to design workable and effective systems to support participation. A modular strategy is then recommended requiring policy designers to make a step towards citizens rather than expecting the citizenry to move their content production activity onto the “official” spaces created for ad hoc participation.
Deliberation and Collaboration in the Policy Process: A Web 2.0 approach
Authors: Petrik Klaus
Published: July 2018

This paper is a summary of a PhD thesis proposal. It will explore how the Web 2.0 platform could be applied to enable and facilitate the large-scale participation, deliberation and collaboration of both governmental and non-governmental actors in an ICT supported policy process. The paper will introduce a new democratic theory and a Web 2.0 based e-democracy platform, and demonstrate how different actors would use the platform to develop and justify policy issues.
Ein PKI-basiertes Protokoll für sichere und praktikable Onlinewahlen
Authors: Langer Lucie , Schmidt Axel , Volkamer Melanie , Buchmann Johannes
Published: July 2018

Wir stellen ein Protokoll für Onlinewahlen vor, welches auf dem Schema von Ohkubo et al. [13] basiert. Besonders an diesem Protokoll ist, dass der Auszähler nicht vertrauenswürdig sein muss. Der geheime Schlüssel des Auszählers wird am Ende der Wahl veröffentlicht und ermöglicht so die universelle Verifizierbarkeit der Stimmauszählung. Wir diskutieren die Sicherheit des Protokolls angesichts der allgemein anerkannten Sicherheitsanforderungen für elektronische Wahlschemata.
Testpaper
Authors: Blachfellner Stefan F.
Published: July 2018

this is a testpaper to test the review process.
Procedures and Methods for Cross-community Online Deliberation
Authors: Velikanov Cyril
Published: July 2018

In this paper we introduce our model of self-regulated mass online deliberation, and apply it to a context of cross-border deliberation involving translation of contributions between participating languages, and then to a context of cross-community online deliberation for dispute resolution, e.g. between opposing ethnic or religious communities. In such a cross-border or cross-community context, online deliberation should preferably progress as a sequence of segmented phases each followed by a combining phase. In a segmented phase, each community deliberates separately, and selects their best contributions for being presented to all other communities. Selection is made by using our proposed mechanism of mutual moderation and appraisal of contributions by participants themselves. In the subsequent combining phase, the selected contributions are translated (by volunteering or randomly selected participants among those who have specified appropriate language skills) and presented to target segments for further appraisal and commenting. Our arguments in support of the proposed mutual moderation and appraisal procedures remain mostly speculative, as the whole subject of mass online self-regulatory deliberation still remains largely unexplored, and there exist no practical realisation of it .
To “e-” or not to “e-”: Re-locating innovation in “electronic” decision-making
Authors: Li Ben
Published: July 2018

This paper presents evidence from three global democratic organizations that “e-” is not a relevant modifier of decision-making concepts related to “democracy”. Defining “e-” as shorthand for decision-making skills and tools enabled by ICTs, including computer-mediated communication (CMC), it tests whether “e-” is an “incremental” innovation augmenting existing capabilities of democracy as a decision-making tool. It finds that “e-“ acts as a “radical” innovation to democratic decision-making tools by providing different capabilities than democracy. It also finds that indicators of good democratic decision-making (participation, sustainability, and impact) say little about the ability of “e-” to achieve the same desirable goals aspired by democracy.
A community of fans, friends and power-users
Authors: Hinsberg Hille
Published: July 2018

Estonia is recognised as a beacon of E-Government achievement and is making strides in using technology to include citizens in democratic processes. The key to sustainable E-Participation is to ensure that all E-Participation initiatives contribute to establishing an overall community of Wikipedia-like users who believe that their commitment and investment of time really makes a difference. Over time, citizens’ roles and contributions may vary a lot, but this essential public infrastructure and policy has to be provided systematically for E-Participation to become a reality - whatever new technology comes along, and however successful individual projects are. This is the real meaning of sustainable E-Participation.
Do Facebook and video games promote political participation among youth? Evidence from Singapore
Authors: Skoric Marko M , Kwan Grace
Published: July 2018

The importance of cultivating political engagement among youth has been widely discussed and its value for a well-functioning democratic society reaffirmed by numerous scholars. This study seeks to understand the relationship between the use of emerging platforms for online sociability and entertainment and political participation among young Singaporeans. Specifically, we focus on the intensity of Facebook use and frequency of video gaming, as well as more specific civic activities taking place on these platforms. The findings indicate that the intensity of Facebook use is related to both online and traditional political participation, while civic gaming is associated with online participation only. There is also evidence linking membership in civic/political Facebook groups with increased online participation. Lastly, although the results suggest that online participation may be an important driver of traditional political participation, the role of traditional media, particularly newspapers, should not be easily dismissed.
E-Parliaments and Novel Parliament-to-Citizen services
Authors: Papaloi Aspasia , Gouscos Dimitris
Published: July 2018

In an era of citizens’ discontentment on democratic institutions, parliaments as a democratic cornerstone, are constantly striving to create alluring services taking, at the same time, into account the difficulty of achieving accessibility and transparency in citizens’ e-participation. At the same time, the evolution of ICT tools presents opportunities to revamp the traditional character, functions and services of parliaments worldwide, giving rise to new capabilities and opportunities that can transform their political and social role. An e-enabled parliament can not only offer flexibility in parliamentary proceedings and facilitate the work of its members, but also strive for the inclusion of citizens, without annulling the representative character of the institution. In this paper, we present an initial overview of the characteristics of modern parliaments, recording existing service offerings and proposing a stakeholder-based categorization, with specific categories that can best accommodate explicit and active citizen participation within parliamentary functions. A number of existing citizen deliberation applications and research projects are highlighted as potential candidates for deploying novel extrovert parliament-to-citizen services, focused directly on citizen involvement. Moreover, the focus area based on the procedure from inclusion to feedback will give good evidence for all those factors that are necessary for a successful adoption of novel e-parliament services.
Open Access to Research. Changing Researcher Behavior Through University and Funder Mandates.
Authors: Harnad Stevan
Published: July 2018

The primary target of the worldwide Open Access initiative is the 2.5 million articles published every year in the planet's 25,000 peer-reviewed research journals across all scholarly and scientific fields. Without exception, every one of these articles is an author give-away, written, not for royalty income, but solely to be used, applied and built upon by other researchers. The optimal and inevitable solution for this give-away research is that it should be made freely accessible to all its would-be users online and not only to those whose institutions can afford subscription access to the journal in which it happens to be published. Yet this optimal and inevitable solution, already fully within the reach of the global research community for at least two decades now, has been taking a remarkably long time to be grasped. The problem is not particularly an instance of "eDemocracy" one way or the other; it is an instance of inaction because of widespread misconceptions (reminiscent of Zeno's Paradox). The solution is for the world's research institutions and funders to (1) extend their existing "publish or perish" mandates so as to (2) require their employees and fundees to maximize the usage and impact of the research they are employed and funded to conduct and publish by (3) depositing their final drafts in their Open Access (OA) Institutional Repositories immediately upon acceptance for publication in order to (4) make their findings freely accessible to all their potential users webwide. OA metrics can then be used to measure and reward research progress and impact; and multiple layers of links, tags, commentary and discussion can be built upon and integrated with the primary research.
Politician2.0 on Facebook: Information Behavior and Dissemination on Social Networking Sites – Gaps and Best-Practice. Evaluation Results of a novel eParticipation toolbox to let politicians engage with citizens online.
Authors: Wandhoefer Timo , Thamm Mark , Joshi Somya
Published: July 2018

This article covers our findings on information behavior and dissemination of parliamentary decision-makers in terms of using Social Networking Sites like Facebook. The article investigates why politicians use those technologies and integrate them more and more in their everyday workflow. In addition to the purpose of social network usage, the focus of our paper is also on best practices and how to deal with challenges like authenticity of politicians’ online profiles. The results presented within the remit of this paper are the outcome of 16 semi-structured interviews that took place as part of an evaluation effort within the EU research project WeGov [1]. The overall aim of the project is to develop a toolbox that enriches the dialogue between citizens and politicians on the web.
Editorial
Authors: Glassey Olivier , Pardo Theresa , Tambouris Efthimios
Published: July 2018

This special edition of the JeDEM focused on Open Government and Open Information brings together a set of papers that contributes to understanding about creating new levels of openness in government and about the related opportunities, challenges, and risks. Collectively the papers inform current thinking about the transformation of government, the challenges and risks of pursuing an openness agenda, and the influence of culture and politics on new technical developments.
What’s There Not to ‘Like’? Sustainability Deliberations on Facebook
Authors: Bendor Roy , Haas Lyons Susanna , Robinson John
Published: July 2018

Social media are considered ideal means to promote inclusive political participation by “reaching citizens where they are” in scalable and cost-effective ways. However, with all the excitement about the new virtual public sphere, little attention is given to the technical mediation itself – the affordances of e-deliberation platforms and the kind of interactions they support. In response, this paper aims to thicken the account of the interrelated political and technological contexts of e-deliberation. Using recent Facebook deliberations on sustainable transportation in Vancouver as our example, we argue that different rationales for public participation in policymaking animate different approaches to discourse, which, in turn, inform and are affected by different design and use strategies for e-deliberation platforms. Our argument suggests that the design affordances of e-deliberation represent opportunities to promote or curtail certain visions of a political culture of sustainability.
Open Government and (Linked) (Open) (Government) (Data)
Authors: Geiger Christian Philipp , Von Lucke Jörn
Published: July 2018

This article explores the opening and the free usage of stored public sector data, supplied by state. In the age of Open Government and Open Data it’s not enough just to put data online. It should be rather weighed out whether, how and which supplied public sector data can be published. Open Data are defined as stored data which could be made accessible in a public interest without any restrictions for usage and distribution. These Open Data can possibly be statistics, geo data, maps, plans, environmental data and weather data in addition to materials of the parliaments, ministries and authorities. The preparation and the free access to existing data permit varied approaches to the reuse of data, discussed in the article. In addition, impulses can be given for Open Government – the opening of state and administration, to more transparency, participation and collaboration as well as to innovation and business development. The Open Data movement tries to get to the bottom of current publication processes in the public sector which could be formed even more friendly to citizens and enterprises.
eParticipation that Works. Evidence from the Old Europe
Authors: Molinari Francesco
Published: July 2018

This paper collects some evidence from a now completed EU-funded project, aimed at the localisation and institutionalisation of two eParticipatory tools, DEMOS-Plan and the Electronic Town Meeting, within real public administration processes. The independent or combined usage of the two tools, supported by the Living Labs approach has been tested in 18 local pilots across several regions of Europe, from Ulster (UK) to Sicily and Tuscany (Italy), from Turku Archipelago (Finland) to Voroklini (Cyprus). Selected policy domains include (among others): Spatial Planning, Socio-Economic Programming, Strategic Environmental Assessment, and Open Government. Deployment has led to a number of interesting implications for the European public authorities, such as: i) building up of a cost effective ICT platform that enables regular or occasional consultation of remotely and sparsely located citizens and stakeholders; ii) gradually migrating the whole administrative system related to spatial data infrastructure towards a full digitalisation of the “legally compulsory” exchanges between planning agencies, local stakeholders and the general public; and iii) setting the stage for these two facilities to become practically interoperable to each other and across different EU Member States.
Transformation of Citizenship and Governance in Asia: The Challenges of Social and Mobile Media
Authors: Kwak Nojin , Mergel Ines , Parycek Peter , Skoric Marko M.
Published: July 2018

This special issue showcases innovative scholarly works examining the role of social and mobile media in the formation and/or transformation of democratic citizenship in some of the most populous and economically powerful countries in Asia—China, India, Japan and South Korea.
The Five Stars Movement in the Italian Political Scenario. A Case for Cybercratic Centralism?
Authors: De Rosa Rosanna
Published: July 2018

Abstract: With the rapid diffusion of Social Media, grassroots political organizations are starting to use supportive technologies to avoid party representation. The Pirate Party in Germany and the Five Stars Movement (5SM) in Italy are trying to use the interactive democracy paradigm to renew the institutional framework of political representation from the bottom up. This paper aims to analyse the case of Beppe Grillo and 5SM that - after a successful showing in administrative elections – has been involved - for the first time - in a national election (2013). How the 5SM - as a virtual party without a structured organization – will solve the problems related to its institutionalization and how the “proxy vote” will be used in parliament are the main questions, which scholars are debating. It is a unique occasion to see if this emerging model of a political form will evolve into a democratic rather than a cybercratic organization.
Georeferenced Open Data and Augmented Interactive Geo-Visualizations as Catalysts for Citizen Engagement
Authors: Fechner Thore , Kray Christian
Published: July 2018

Citizen engagement figures prominently on political agendas around the world. In this context, high hopes are pinned to open government, open data and ICT tools. At the same time, there are fears of a widening digital divide, where large groups of society are in danger of being excluded from societal processes, for example due to having difficulties in using the online tools provided. In this paper, we propose an approach that has the potential to address many key issues in this context (e.g. accessibility, complexity, engagement). It relies on space and time as common integrators, and uses interactive augmented geo-visualizations to facilitate citizen engagement. We report on key challenges that need to be overcome to realize this approach and on initial progress towards this goal. We describe a set of prototypical tools aimed at supporting citizen engagement in the envisioned way, and discuss the approach as well as its potentials, issues and challenges in detail. Initial experiences and results indicate that our approach is not only technically feasible but it can also empower citizens to more effectively engage with societal and governmental processes.
Police.uk and Data.police.uk: Developing Open Crime and Justice Data for the UK.
Authors: Smith Amanda M
Published: July 2018

In this paper we describe the evolution and development of the police.uk and data.police.uk sites, which publish open data about crime and justice in the UK, and make it accessible and comprehensible to the public. Police.uk has received over 64 million visits (754 million hits) since launching in January 2011. Open crime and justice data represents a key sector in the UK open data landscape, and citizens are keen to engage with the criminal justice system to become more informed about local levels of crime and other policing information. This paper sets out the policing context in the UK, discusses the journey in providing such open data, the processes involved and challenges encountered, and explores possible future developments.
The Ideal Voting Interface: Classifying Usability
Authors: Mac Namara Damien , Gibson Paul , Oakley Ken
Published: July 2018

This work presents a feature-oriented taxonomy for commercial electronic voting machines, which focuses on usability aspects. Based on this analysis, we propose a ‘Just-Like-Paper’  (JLP) classification method which identifies five broad categories of eVoting interface. We extend the classification to investigate its application as an indicator of voting efficiency and identify a universal ten-step process encompassing all possible voting steps spanning the twenty-six machines studied. Our analysis concludes that multi-functional and progressive interfaces are likely to be more efficient versus multi-modal voter-activated machines.
Through Liquid Democracy to Sustainable Non-Bureaucratic Government
Authors: Paulin Alois
Published: July 2018

We summarize the concept of Self-Service Government (ss-Gov) as presented earlier and explore how the principles of Liquid Democracy (LD) can be applied in ss-Gov for collaborative decision making. We provide a thorough insight into the history of LD and summarize its recent developments. By combining ss-Gov and LD, we develop the concept of Sustainable, Non-Bureaucratic Government (SNBG) as a novel, blank-slate approach to government of eligibilities within- and towards governmental systems. We argue that such entanglement of LD with ss-Gov results in a closed-circuit system that can provide end-to-end self-management of jural relations. Thus, we argue, SNBG is a vision concept capable to enable morphable self-managed government which requires virtually no mediatory human agents for government. We discuss the feasibility of such approach based on a Gedankenexperiment featuring a modern parliamentary decision-making process.
Editorial 6(2)
Authors: Edelmann Noella , Parycek Peter
Published: July 2018

Editorial of vol. 6, issue 2. This issue comprises extended articles of CEDEM 14, Conference for eDemocracy and Open Government 2014.
Editorial
Authors: Edelmann Noella , Schossboeck Judith
Published: July 2018

Editorial of JeDEM Vol 6, No 3 (2014), comprising ongoing submissions in the area of eDemocracy and Open Government.
Open Data and Official Language Regimes: An Examination of the Canadian Experience
Authors: Scassa Teresa , Singh Niki
Published: July 2018

The open data moving is gathering steam globally, and it has the potential to transform relationships between citizens, the private sector and government. To date, little or no attention has been given to the particular challenge of realizing the benefits of open data within in an officially bi- or multi-lingual jurisdiction. Using the efforts and obligations of the Canadian federal government as a case study, the authors identify the challenges posed by developing and implementing an open data agenda within an officially bilingual state. Key concerns include (1) whether governments may use open data to outsource some information analysis and information services to an unregulated private sector through open data initiatives, thus directly or indirectly avoiding obligations to provide information analysis and information tools in official languages; and (2) whether the rush by governments to support the innovation agenda of open data may leave minority language communities both underserved and under-included in the development and use of open data.
Piracy, Property and the Crisis of Democracy
Authors: Fredriksson Martin , Arvanitakis James
Published: July 2018

A political battle is being waged over the use and control of culture and information. While media companies and copyright organisations argue for stricter intellectual property laws, a growing body of citizens challenge the contemporary IP-regime. This has seen a political mobilisation of piracy. Pirate parties see themselves as a digital civil rights movement, defending the public domain and the citizen’s right to privacy against copyright expansionism and increased surveillance. Since the first pirate party was formed in Sweden in 2006, similar parties have emerged across the world. This article draws on a study of the culture and ideology of copyright resistance, through interviews with pirate party representatives in Europe and North America. It focuses on challenges to democracy, and the distinction between public and private property and spaces, in the wake of the war on terror and the global financial crisis.
Political Communication in Malaysia: A study on the Use of New Media in Politics
Authors: Leong Pauline Pooi Yin
Published: July 2018

To gain and retain political power, politicians use the media to persuade the masses to vote and support them, especially during elections. Barisan Nasional (BN) has successfully used the media to maintain its power for the past 57 years, making it the longest-serving elected government in the world still currently in office. However, the emergence of the Internet has challenged the status quo. The purpose of the research was to investigate how new media has influenced the political process and communication strategies in Malaysia and its impact on the political landscape. The researcher interviewed 19 respondents: politicians, bloggers and media consultants from both sides of the political divide. The findings showed that new media, especially Web 2.0, has expanded the public sphere and enabled more Malaysians to participate in the democratic process, through information dissemination, mobilisation or crowd-sourcing. However, the cyber-war between BN and the opposition Pakatan Rakyat (PR) has caused confusion and disinformation, affecting the quality of democratic decision-making. Nevertheless, new media has enabled more voices to emerge and challenge the political hegemony.