bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Predictors of Survival and Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Aljuaid Nemer , Ghahmdi Nawaf Al , ALI KAMAL , Ghazwani Abadi , Alshreedah Saad , Alsaif Abdurhman , Alsaif Saif , Ali Kamal
Published: December 2022

Objective: To examine prenatal and postnatal predictors of survival in infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH).
Method: Six- years retrospective review of all cases of CDH born at King Abdulaziz Medical City , Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia .
Results: Twenty-seven infants (67.5%) survived to discharge. Non-survivors had a higher best , mean and highest OI (P<0.001) in day 1 compared to survivors. Best (AUC = 0.917), mean (AUC=0.945) and highest (AUC=0.923) OI in day 1 were all highly predictive of mortality.
There was a significant correlation between the preoperative OI and time to surgery (TTS) (rS =0.462, P=0.017) and the length of hospital stay (LOS) (rS =0.458, P=0.019). Mean day 1 OI had a significant correlation with the duration of ventilation (DOV) (rS =0.549, P=0.004) and the TTS (rS =0.526, P=0.007) and the LOS (rS =0.497, P=0.012). Best and highest day 1 OI also correlated significantly with DOV, TTS and LOS.
Conclusion: Our CDH survival rates of 67.5% are comparable to those of other international studies despite the lack of ECMO utilization and antenatal interventions. First day oxygenation indices were excellent predictors of survival and have a significant correlation with the DOV, LOS and TTS in infants with CDH.
Privatization, Mixed Duopoly and Quality Differentiation with Excess Burden
Authors: Choi Kangsik
Published: December 2022

Incorporating the excess burden of taxation into a mixed duopoly to evaluate privatization, we analyze competition of the public and private firms producing goods of different qualities between Cournot and Bertrand competition. When the only private firm offers a high quality, (i) under both Bertrand and Cournot competition, it is desirable to choose privatization if the the excess burden of taxation is sufficiently large, and vice versa; however, (ii) if the excess burden of taxation is intermediate, it is desirable to choose reversely with regard to the policy of privatization between Bertrand and Cournot competition. On the other hand, when the only public firm offers a high quality, (i) under Cournot competition, it is always desirable to choose mixed duopoly rather than privatization; (ii) under Bertrand competition, it is desirable to choose mixed duopoly if the excess burden of taxation is sufficiently large, and vice versa.
JEL Classification: D43, L13, M21.
GNN-based Passenger Request Prediction
Authors: Makhdomi Aqsa Ashraf , Gillani Iqra Altaf
Published: December 2022

Passenger request prediction is essential for operations planning, control, and management in ride-sharing platforms. While the demand prediction problem has been studied extensively, the Origin-Destination (OD) flow prediction of passengers has received less attention from the research community. This paper develops a Graph Neural Network framework along with the Attention Mechanism to predict the OD flow of passengers. The proposed framework exploits various linear and non-linear dependencies that arise among requests originating from different locations and captures the repetition pattern and the contextual data of that place. Moreover, the optimal size of the grid cell that covers the road network and preserves the complexity and accuracy of the model is determined. Extensive simulations are conducted to examine the characteristics of our proposed approach and its various components. The results show the superior performance of our proposed model compared to the existing baselines.
Imaginäre Ökologien
Authors: Sackl Claudia
Published: December 2022

[English title and abstract below]
In der westlichen Imagination wurde der Ind*aner zu einer Projektionsfläche für europäische und euroamerikanische Fantasien, die innerhalb hegemonialer Machtstrukturen (re)produziert und resignifiziert wurden. Große Popularität erlangte in der deutschsprachigen (Kinder- und Jugend-)Literatur insbesondere der Topos des Edlen und/oder Ökologischen Ind*aners. Auch die österreichische Autorin Käthe Recheis publizierte zwischen 1961 und 2008 zahlreiche Werke über Native Americans und First Nations, die sich an unterschiedliche Altersgruppen richten. Während sich ihre Texte zwar meist einer stereotypen Perspektive auf Ind*aner als ‚die Anderen‘ entziehen, positionieren sie diese dennoch häufig in einem idealisierten, harmonischen Verhältnis zu einer Natur, die als das Andere des (menschlichen) Eigenen konstruiert wird. Dieser Beitrag nimmt eine postkoloniale ökokritische Relektüre ausgewählter Texte von Käthe Recheis vor, um zu zeigen, wie sie diejenigen imaginären Ökologien erschreiben, die Wissen über die komplexen Verstrickungen von Mensch, Natur und Kultur produzieren. Ihre kinder- respektive jugendliterarischen Figurationen des Ind*aners bewegen sich dabei in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen einer motivischen kinderliterarischen Akkommodation und einem strategisch eingesetzten Essenzialismus (Spivak 1988b). 
 
Imaginary EcologiesKäthe Recheis’s Children’s and Young Adult Books about Native Americans between Literary Adaptation and Strategic Essentialism
In the Western imagination, the North American Indian has been a contested space for the projection of European/Euroamerican fantasies negotiated, resignified and reinhabited within hegemonic power structures. Especially popular in Germanophone (children’s and young adult) literature was the trope of the ›Noble‹ and/or ›Ecological‹ Indian. Between 1961 and 2008, the Austrian author Käthe Recheis published a number of books about Native Americans and First Nations. While several of these works, addressed to readers of different ages, largely resist the stereotypical perspective of the Indian as the Other, most of them idealise the Indian as living in a close, harmonic relationship with a nature that is constructed as Other to the (human) self. This article presents a postcolonial, ecocritical rereading of selected texts by Recheis in order to illustrate how literary configurations of the Indian have created imaginary ecologies that not only produce knowledge about the complex entanglements between humans, nature and culture, but also cater to their respective readers by adapting their portrayal of Indian ecologies to Romantic images of childhood and by employing strategic essentialisms.
Mobilitätsverhalten von Heranwachsenden und Möglichkeiten zur Bindung an den ÖPNV
Authors: Schönduwe Robert , Lanzendorf Martin
Published: December 2022

Während aktuelle empirische Daten Hinweise auf einen Wandel der Mobilitätsorientierung von Jugendlichen und Heranwachsenden in Agglomerationen liefern, ist im ländlichen Raum der Trend zur individuellen Motorisierung ungebrochen. Die vorliegende Synthese des Forschungsstandes deutschsprachiger und internationaler Forschungsliteratur stellt Erkenntnisse zum Mobilitätsverhalten und zu mobilitätsbezogenen Einstellungen sowie bisher durchgeführte Maßnahmen zur Beeinflussung des Mobilitätsverhaltens von Personen in der Altersgruppe bis ca. 27 Jahre vor.
Wohnen ohne Auto – Nischenkonzept oder Zukunftsmodell für nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung?
Authors: Blechschmidt Andreas
Published: December 2022

Um zukünftig den städtischen Verkehr – vor allem in Städten und Regionen mit Bevölkerungszuwächsen – ökologisch nachhaltiger abzuwickeln und gleichzeitig die Stadt als attraktiven Wohnort zu gestalten, wird aktuell in Forschung und Praxis eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Konzepte diskutiert und erprobt. Eine mögliche stadtplanerische Maßnahme in diesem Kontext ist die Entwicklung autofreier oder autoreduzierter Stadtquartiere. Im Rahmen bisheriger wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen sind die Voraussetzungen für die Umsetzung solcher Konzepte meist eher unzureichend dokumentiert und analysiert worden. In dieser Forschungsarbeit wurde deshalb untersucht, welche Relevanz verschiedene stadt- und projektbezogene Rahmenbedingungen und Einflussfaktoren bei der Entwicklung autofreier bzw. autoreduzierter Stadtquartiere besitzen. Wenngleich bei der Realisierung autofreier oder autoreduzierter Projekte zahlreiche Faktoren wirksam sind, können als Ergebnis der Untersuchung vor allem zwei Aspekte als entscheidend für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung solcher Projekte betrachtet werden. Dies ist zunächst eine ausreichende Unterstützung der Projekte durch die städtische Politik und Verwaltung. Als zweiter wesentlicher Einflussfaktor kann eine Förderung autofreier und autoreduzierter Projekte durch private Initiativen und Vereine gelten.
Features of a state property management in the subjects of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Baikal State University, Yakimova Ekaterina M. , Mikhaleva Alena А. ,   Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the research topic is due to the low efficiency of state property management in the sub-jects of the Russian Federation. The admission of the Russian Federation subjects budget revenue part as the basis for the implementation of public administration objectives both in the country as a whole and in a specific region was considered. The result of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the existing management loop in terms of state ownership of the Russian Federation subject and the formulation of proposals for its improvement. The methodological basis of the study is made up of generally accepted principles of scientific knowledge (objectivity, systematisation, development, etc.) and special methodolog-ical principles of knowledge of social and legal phenomena (universality, indivisibility and interconnected-ness of phenomena, variability of social institutions, etc.). These principles are embodied in the application of internally related general scientific and private scientific methods of scientific knowledge. The article dis-cusses the economic and legal nature of the administrative activities for the management of state property. The main goal and tasks of state property management in the subjects of the Russian Federation are de-fined. An analysis of the main problems of administrative and legal regulation of state property manage-ment in the subjects of the Russian Federation is presented on the example of the experience of the Irkutsk Oblast in the establishment and functioning of the state management system. A mechanism for improving the state management system of state property in the subjects of the Russian Federation, including legal and organisational solutions to existing problems of state property management eliminate the imbalance in the current state property management system, is proposed.
Simulation of equity construction reforms for mitigating inevitable systemic transformation of the industry
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Yaskova Natalia Yu.
Published: December 2022

The main goals of the national project “Housing and urban environment” consist in a strategic reformation of equity construction and the creation of a socially integrated housing market. The scale of the problem is determined by the output on the volume of housing construction at the level of 120 million square metres by 2024. The solution of the task is complicated by the outbreak of the equity construction crisis. It manifested itself not only in the growth in the number of deceived equity holders and suspended housing construction projects, but also in the bankruptcy of developers. The urgency of the measures was expressed in the legis-lative consolidation of new building regulations, which tightened the requirements for developers to such an extent that they actually isolated medium and small businesses from participating in housing construction, transferred functions of control over the turnover of assessed contributions to banks, removed compensa-tion mechanisms into a separate institution and absolutised the value of mortgage purchase arrangements. The results were manifested in the growth of prices for residential real estate, a decrease in the liquidity of construction products, an increase in contradictions and disputes requiring judicial resolution. As a result, the unreasonable burden of the judicial system affected the quality of decisions made, demanding an im-mediate transition to the use of non-judicial dispute resolution methods in construction. Thus, the fragmenta-tion and weak elaboration of the measures taken, give the reform an imitative nature, leaving behind the sys-temic measures of industry transformation. The inevitability of their development is confirmed by the growth of sectoral contradictions and imbalances that create insurmountable obstacles in achieving national devel-opment goals.
Some aspects of the “wall in the ground” engineering process
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Gorbachevskii Valentin P. , Insafutdinov Ayrat R. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Kryukova Anna O. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Kapkanova Viktoriya V. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Topilin Alexandr N. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: December 2022

This study is aimed at finding technological solutions for optimising the installation process of load-bearing and enclosing structures below the elevation grade using the “wall in the ground” method. Design features of the method have been studied and solutions that minimise the time and material costs of building a “wall in the ground” have been developed. To obtain a full-assembled version of reinforced concrete foreshaft, a constructive solution has been developed for joining average prefabricated composite elements of rein-forced concrete foreshaft at an angle. The foreshaft corner prefabricated element is a structure in the form of two vertical walls, monolithically connected with a horizontal plate - a collar. The connection of the fore-shaft elements is carried out by means of a spline connection and embedded parts. To protect the corners of the foreshaft elements, metal corners are mounted into its concrete body. The monolithic modification of a foreshaft structure involves significant labour costs associated with the implementation of additional measures for the work conducting at low negative and high positive ambient temperatures. Prefabricated version allows to minimise the impact of these aspects. Further research is planned, aimed at clarifying the physical and mechanical characteristics and in-depth analysis of the stress-strain state of the guide struc-tures. In the future, the task is to implement and test new constructive solutions of foreshaft on the con-struction site. Thus, the best and most promising technological solution is a foreshaft of repeated use in a prefabricated version. This solution allows us to simplify the process of installing underground structures using the “wall in ground” method, as well as to reduce the total time spent on its construction. The applica-tion of a reinforced concrete foreshaft in the developed constructive version allows to use it throughout the entire period of work without significant deformations and damage, in particular at the corner junction.
Architectural and planning principles of formation of pedestrian street in the historical centre of Irkutsk
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Mitichkina Anastasia E.
Published: December 2022

The active transformation and consolidation of the territory of the historical centre of the city of Irkutsk aims to concentrate citywide functions increasing the potential commercial attractiveness of the urban area. The lack of a city-planning strategy for integrating new objects into the historical environment leads to reduced attractiveness for pedestrian flows, the ineffective functioning of these objects and a general degradation of the urban environment. The purpose of the study is to resolve urban planning conflicts leading to the formation of a development strategy for the historical centre of the city. The introduction of the principles of a pedestrian street will form a framework that considers the vectors of conservation and renewal of the his-torical city. To achieve this goal, an interdisciplinary approach was used, including: analysis of scientific, graphic, design and regulatory sources on the topic, as well as economic analysis of the central part of Ir-kutsk. The obtained information was systematised and a comparative analysis carried out. The architectural and planning features of the interaction of the space of a pedestrian street and buildings in the context of a developing city were identified. In order to preserve the city's unique figurative component and allow it to develop over time, it is necessary to use the proposed methods of functional equilibrium, the organisation of value systems and the principle of space permeability while including modern objects in the architectural context. To achieve a balance between preservation of the historical environment of Irkutsk and its conven-tional values, a systematic approach is needed, including a strategic plan for the development of the territo-ry, based on the principles of organising value systems, functional balance and permeability of space.
Characteristics of the application of building norms and rulesduring the restoration of a cultural heritage ob-ject
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Sych Evgenia R. , Zakharchuk Marina G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The object of the research is the stone building in Irkutsk at the intersection of Kalandarishvili and Karl Marx streets, comprising cultural heritage of regional significance. The aim of the work is to highlight the fact that, since in many cases the architectural heritage cannot be conserved, it is necessary to preserve individual cultural heritage objects, giving buildings a new function that meets the modern needs of society. The func-tion of restoration and reconstruction projects is to solve these problems. Valuable buildings should be preserved and restored with the preservation of structures, details and later “accretions” – everything that connects the historical and cultural monument with art and the history of its epoch and later periods. Resto-ration is a complex process that aims not only to strengthen the object and return it to a utilitarian function, but, above all, to preserve its authenticity. For this, it is necessary first to identify its general cultural, histor-ical and artistic value. When carrying out restoration work, it is necessary to look for compromise solutions between the interests of the monument and regulatory requirements. The long journey towards a transfor-mation of the historic quarter of the city to the now existing ensemble is elucidated and issues relating to the carrying out of complex research are discussed along with development principles for a plan for the res-toration and adaptation of a cultural heritage object for contemporary use. Solutions to problems of preser-vation and integration of architectural heritage in modern culture are proposed. Conclusions about the prin-ciples of application of modern building norms and rules during the restoration of the cultural heritage ob-ject to adapt to the new function are presented.
Power management as an effective power saving system and problems of its implementation
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Koniukhov Vladimir Yu. , Oparina Tatiana A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Gun She Son ,   Hankook Infra Solution Сo.Ltd
Published: December 2022

The constantly growing cost of fuel products and an increasing number of consumed resources intensify energy consumption and, consequently, raise production costs. This leads to the loss of competitiveness, decreased sales in the world and domestic markets, and the overall inefficiency of the economy. Implementation of power management systems facilitates a timely analysis of all technological processes associated with power consumption, thus reducing power losses and increasing the power efficiency of all production stages. The core component of any power management system consists in the development of such a power strategy that would reflect the responsibilities of the company with regard to power efficiency, including efforts aimed at improving its level and bringing energy consumption in line with the company's energy needs. In technical terms, the operation of power management systems is based on the integrated use of modern measuring equipment and software. The system of technical accounting of power resources provides managers with objective information thus supporting informed decisions from both functional and financial points of view. The benefits of power management are apparent. Transition to system power management implies transition from separate investment projects to energy infrastructure towards the cyclical process of development and implementation of organizational and technical measures. However, such problems as insufficient R&D support or poor training of personnel in terms of power management and efficiency impede the widespread implementation of power management systems.
Study of the efficacy of methods for reducing dust formation on ash and slag dumps.
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Lavygina Olga L. , Stepanov Igor G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

This research was aimed at analysing ash and slag dumps as objects of negative impact on atmospheric air, as well as at studying available methods for dust suppression. The existing ash and slag dump of the Novo-Irkutskaya combined heat and power plant, located in the forest park area between the cities of Irkutsk and Shelekhov, was considered. The territory adjacent to the ash dump is represented by forests in its south-eastern, eastern, and south-western parts, while the north-eastern part – by farmland. The operation of the ash and slag dump of the Novo-Irkutskaya thermal power plant leads to an increased level of atmospheric air pollution in the nearby residential area, which is situated outside the sanitary protection zone. This indicates the need to develop and implement measures to reduce dust formation from the surface of the ash and slag dump. In order to identify the most effective dust reduction method, it is important to calculate changes in emissions depending on the method used. To this end, we approximated the effective area of the dusting surface and the current ash particle outflow, which allowed determination of the surface concentrations of pollutants outside the ash dump area. Using a calculation method, we proved that the minimum rate of ash particle removal is observed when the water level in the nearby clarification pond is increased. It should be noted that, in addition to environmental aspects, economic factors should also be taken into account when developing environmental measures
Intensification of water supply and sanitation systems in the city of Nizhneudinsk
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Maizel Irina V. , Bober Victor A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The paper proposes an approach to intensifying the operation of water supply and sanitation systems. The work was conducted using electronic modelling, calculation methods of hydraulic parameters and numerical modelling, as well as optimization of technical solutions for adjustment of operation modes, minimization of water leakage, pressure stabilization in the network, elimination of blockages and failures of regulating and stop valves. The efficacy of the proposed approach was demonstrated by the example of the city of Nizhneudinsk. As a result of the conducted research, information and computing systems and complexes were developed for simulating different modes of operation, assessing the performance, reliability and regime controllability of water supply and wastewater disposal systems, storing, analysing and accumulating information on the state of the system under analysis and its individual parameters. Such an approach served as a basis for developing a prospective scheme of development and reconstruction of the city water supply and sewage systems and provided an automated control system of its technological processes.
Facade renovation of existing buildings according tothermotechnical standards
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Malysheva Valeria A. , Frizen Elena G. ,   Orenburg State University, Adigamova Zemfira S. ,   Orenburg State University
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to justify façade renovations of existing buildings with the purpose of saving resources on their heating. In the experimental section, thermo technical calculations were carried out to determine the optimal thickness of the insulation layer. As an example, panel residential buildings in the city of Orenburg were analysed. The calculations were performed according to the standards formulated in the SNIP II-3-79 “Construction heat engineering” and SP 50.13330.2012 “Thermal protection of buildings”. As a result, approaches to improving the thermal properties of enclosing structures constructed before 2012 are presented in accordance with modern standards. An argument in favour of façade renovations is provided, consisting in an overall decrease in utility fees due to reduced heat losses. A possible approach to increasing the thermal properties of enclosing structures is the use of as hinged ventilated facades. It is concluded that buildings failing to meet modern requirements and standards should undergo renovation.
Structure and granulometric composition of a carbon-containing additive for heavy concrete
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Orlov Victor S. , Selezneva Olga I. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen, Shustov Pavel A. ,   Angarsk State Technical University,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The discovery of a two-dimensional carbon form – graphene, consisting of a single layer of atoms connected by a structure of chemical bonds, gave impetus to developing a new wide field of its application in construction. An urgent task is to improve the performance of heavy cement concretes on dense boulders. One of the most effective ways is the use of a new generation of carbon-containing modifiers. The physical and mechanical properties of cement concrete should be regulated at the micro-level by optimizing the process of forming a cement matrix structure. A promising direction is the use of graphene as a carbon-containing modifier. Data from research studies devoted to oxidized thermally expanding graphite are presented. The results of microscopic and laser diffraction granulometric investigations are discussed. The conducted studies allowed the properties of the heavy concrete under study to be assessed. The granulometric composition was analysed using a Fritsch NanoTeс laser particle size measurement device equipped with a dispersion unit in a liquid medium with a total measurement range from 0.01 to 2100 µm. This analysis showed a reduction in size from 574 µm to 22.2 µm. Microscopic examination was performed using a scanning electron microscope TESCAN Mira 3 with a magnification range of x1–x1,000,000. The conducted experimental studies proved the effectiveness of using a carbon-containing additive as a modifier of heavy cement concretes on dense boulders. The use of oxidized thermo expandable graphite allows for a denser packing of the structure and provides an opportunity to create additional cites for new formations. This allows the physical, mechanical and operational characteristics of the final material to be improved.
On the peculiarities of quality expertise and prediction of the residual durability of reinforced concrete flumes
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Stel’makh Sergei A. , Shcherban' Evgenii M. ,   Don State Technical University, Nazhuev Mukhuma P. ,   Don State Technical University, Zatona Roman E. ,   Don State Technical University, Dokhlenko Ivan A. ,   Don State Technical University, Yurchenko Igor' Yu. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: December 2022

The issues associated with quality expertise and prediction of the residual durability of reinforced concrete products and structures for road construction, particularly flumes, are of particular relevance in connection the implementation of the national project “Safe and quality roads”. According to the obtained results, it is recommended to proceed from the principle of equal resistance of all flume sections to operational and temperature-humidity effects in the development of measures to improve the service life of flumes. Within the framework of quality expertise and prediction of residual durability of reinforced concrete flumes, it is necessary to follow the procedure: to study the influence of the type of loading and the structural features of the concrete structure on the change of threshold stresses and its destruction type; to study technological methods for increasing these threshold values; to study the influence of the concrete stress state in various flume sections on their deformability and destruction type at different temperature and humidity conditions in order to develop specific technological and structural measures aimed at improving the durability of concrete. The initial quality and residual durability of reinforced concrete flumes are determined mainly by the combination of their formulation, technological and structural solutions at the stage of manufacture, as well as by the nature of the effects (primarily cyclic) at the stage of operation. Technologists and experts should monitor, predict and timely adjust the current state and residual durability of these essential elements for modern high-quality and safe road construction.
Study of traffic congestion in the city of Moscow based on an analysis of reasons and effects of induced demand
Authors:   National research Moscow state university of civil engineering, Bakhirev Igor A. ,   Genplan Institute of Moscow, Vassiliev Oleg V. ,   Genplan Institute of Moscow, Ovchinnikov Sergey V. ,   Genplan Institute of Moscow, Chernyshov Anton A. ,   National research Moscow state university of civil engineering,   Genplan Institute of Moscow
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the results of the research project “Modelling of traffic flows along the street-road network of urban and regional significance of the city of Moscow with the identification of areas operating in overload mode”. The project was realized using the method of static macro-modelling of traffic flows, the EMME software package based on the initial data for the period from 2015 to 2019, as well as field surveys of traffic flows. On the basis of the obtained results, the congestion threshold for various sections of the road network was calculated along with the proportion of congested sections. The reasons for congestion and the impact of induced demand are also analysed. It is concluded that methods for calculating the induced demand for movement using individual transport are required in order to improve the accuracy of forecasting traffic flows using static macro-modelling methods and improve the quality of management decisions aimed at developing an efficient transport infrastructure
Assessment and improvement of the operational reliability of the water supply and distribution system in the Irkutsk-II microdistrictof the Irkutsk city
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Chupin Victor R. , Dushin Aleksei S. ,   OOO "Network company «IRKUT»"
Published: December 2022

The aim was to test the developed methodology for assessing and improving the operational reliability of the water supply and distribution system and computer software for assessing the reliability of water supply to end users using an example of the water supply system in the Irkutsk-II microdistrict. The research methodology consists in compilation of probabilistic water withdrawal by end users, compilation of a mathematical model of probabilistic flow distribution, formation of key indicators of reliability of end users provision, description of the implementation of the methodology. Based on the results of processing statistical data on water withdrawals and accidents at the sections of water supply networks of the Irkutsk-II microdistrict for previous years, using electronic models of the developed computer software, the functioning of the water supply and distribution system of the microdistrict was simulated in various operating modes. The assessment of the reliability of supplying end users with water was carried out, key indicators of the quality of providing them with a calculated and reduced level for each end user (node) of the calculation scheme were formed, sections of the network that most negatively affect the quality of feeding end users were identified, measures were proposed to optimize the operation of the system, and their impact was evaluated. The advantage of probabilistic modeling, which corresponds to the adequacy of the real processes of the system’s functioning, is the possibility of developing more precise rules for controlling the water supply and distribution system. The paper shows the effectiveness of the developed methodology and software, which, in turn, allow evaluating the performance, reliability, and controllability of the system. The developed calculation method and software is a modern and effective tool for solving many operational and design tasks for the maintenance and development of water supply systems.
Architectural environment for an inclusive camp for children with disabilities
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Goroshkina Sophia M. , Druzhinina Inna E. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper was to identify the main directions in the development of architectural environment for children with disabilities and to determine the possibility of implementing a barrier-free environment in the educational and recreation space. Statistical data on the number of children with disabilities can serve as a basis for justifying the introduction of inclusive camp shiftsand special architectural and landscape solutions for the joint recreation of healthy children and those with disabilities. The criteria for creating comfortable conditions for children with disabilities were identified on the basis of an analysis of psychological features and developmental delays of various nosological groups. Within this approach, psychological triggers play an important role, the compatibility of which will be studied in future research. Synergy is the main principle and method for implementing specific architectural concepts, from the standpoint of which any architectural space can be considered as an ever-changing system, similar to the behaviour of a living organism. The features and criteria of the environment for children with disabilities have made it possible to compile a list with a brief description of the arrangement of architectural spaces. Taking into account social factors, options for a comfortable accommodation of children in the rooms for sleeping and recreation in an the inclusive camp were proposed. The demand in the Irkutsk region for recreation facilities for children with disabilities was studied. On this basis, the possibility of combining zones for children with different types of disabilities in the same space was established. In addition, the prospects for joint recreation of healthy children and children with disabilities were revealed. When designing inclusive camps, the methods and principles of space organization described in the article can be used.
Folk wooden architecture of the Olkhon coast of Lake Baikal
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Lyapin Andrey A. , Gulyaeva Ksenia O. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the work is to study the features and typology of monuments of traditional folk wooden architecture in settlements on the shores of Lake Baikal, located in the western part of the lake on Olkhon Island. The study of the folk wooden architectural heritage in the coastal settlements was carried out in preparation for the development of the “Standard for the planning and development of the Baikal settlements”. Based on collected historical descriptions and materials of two historical and architectural surveys by specialists of the Irkutsk State Technical University at the end of the 20th century, an overview of the main characteristics and features of the traditional dwellings of Russian peasants and Buryat families who led a semi-nomadic lifestyle has been made. As a result of the work, the most ancient space-planning types of Russian folk dwellings in settlements on the Olkhon coast of Lake Baikal were identified. The descriptions of the three most common types of traditional Russian dwellings in this area were made –klet houses, link-up houses, and five-walled houses. Information about the rapid change in the traditional Buryat dwelling is presented: the transition from felt yurts to wooden yurts, and then to a winter Buryat dwelling of the Russian type. The importance of summer migrations and, accordingly, summer settlements –letniks– in the organization of pasture cattle breeding, land use, and preservation of the semi-nomadic way of life of the Buryats was revealed. It is concluded that the main types of folk dwellings in the settlements of the Olkhon coast changed during the 18th-19th centuries. The development of the forms of the Buryat folk dwelling proceeded most intensively. The evolution of the forms of traditional dwelling of both Russian peasants and Buryat families in the settlements of the Olkhonsky coast of Lake Baikal was part of the general process of the development of traditional folk dwellings throughout the Upper Angara region, including the Balagan steppe and the traditional settlements of the Upper Lena.
Architectural silhouette of the Irkutsk wooden Kremlin in the urban landscape. Preliminary experiments with graphic and mock-up reconstruction and computer modeling with reference to the historical loca-tion
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Yarovoi Boris P.
Published: December 2022

The defensive architecture of Siberia in the 17th-18th centuries is one of the important sections of the Russian architectural heritage, significant for the history of regional architecture during the period when Siberia and, in particular, Eastern Siberia, became part of Russia. The purpose of the study is to preliminarily and proportionally find the traces, images of the architectural appearance of the Irkutsk wooden Kremlin in the silhouette of the historical core of the city. The study uses the methods of planning analysis, analogs, an integrated approach with control points-markers, spatial units of information about the lost object. The authors studied graphic and text documents that give a general idea of the perimeter of the fortress and internal buildings, as well as historical sources about the Irkutsk Kremlin, from which the parameters of fortifications and amenities were taken and correlated with analogs. The main results were the identification of the location of the Irkutsk wooden Kremlin on a modern map of the city and a preliminary graphic and model reconstruction of the architectural appearance of the fortification. The historical and architectural fact of the uniqueness of the place of the lost object is also highlighted. Thus, the authors reveal the importance of the Kremlin as one of the main architectural and urban planning components of space organization in Irkutsk in the 17th-18th centuries. The results of this study can be used to organize archaeological research, restoration activities, etc. Based on the research carried out, further studies are planned using updated and new data.
Reproduction of human capital for efficient digital development (“smart city”)
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Konyukhov Vladimir Yu. , Chigan Kristina N. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Leshchenko Elena A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Shilova Olga S. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: December 2022

This research aims to identify professions necessary for the formation of smart cities, as well as risks associated with the emergence of such entities. We applied a market (comparative) approach for the analysis of digital technologies and professions suitable for Industry 4.0. It was found that a “smart city” has several interrelated dimensions: “smart economy”, “smart environment”, “smart people” and “smart technologies”. In order to reduce risks when building such a complex system, significant changes to the education system are required. Due to these changes, many professions and industries involved in the field of digitalization and “smart cities” will be created. These professions may range from specialists in bioinformatics and operators, who form and apply computational methods, to those working in the field of cyber pharmacy with big data. Planning of “smart cities” requires improved living standards, including energy efficient utilities, educational performance, public safety, etc. To implement the concept of “smart city” in a comprehensive way, it is important to provide highquality training and retraining of specialists, introduce new specialties in universities, generate employment mainly in smart working and establish an ongoing environment, including the business one, for boosting innovations.
A method for a comprehensive assessment of the ecological component of the environment based on a case study of the Kirovsky district of the Perm city
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Fiyashko Ksenia S. , Krivogina Daria N. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: December 2022

Today, the problems of the ecological state of the environment are acutely felt by all living organisms. The scale and nature of environmental pollution are directly related to the types of production, the amount and quality of emissions, the level of technologies and treatment plants used, the geographical location, the nature of dispersion of pollution and its impact on landscapes, ecosystems, and their components in the urban environment. The need to improve the state of the environment makes the research in the field of integrated assessment of the state of the ecosystem and its components relevant. The study of this area through the prism of integrated assessment provides an opportunity to visually assess the ecological situation of all components of the ecosystem. This will make it possible to objectively look at the investigated area (territory), identify the main influencing factors of pollution, which will narrow the search for the reasons for an underestimation of some territory and give appropriate recommendations for improving the situation. The purpose of this research is to investigate and assess the ecological situation of one of the micro districts (Kirovsky district of the Perm city) on the basis of the proposed method of a comprehensive assessment of the ecological component of the environment. With the help of this method, a step-by-step assessment of each component of the environment was made, i.e., of the substances which, according to the authors, are quite strong factors affecting the environment, in which the pollution was produced. Next, a general assessment of the environment was conducted based on the assessments of substances, as a result, enabling a comprehensive assessment of the entire environment as a general assessment of the entire environmental situation in the form of a convolution tree with assigned development matrices. Based on the results obtained, a conclusion was made on the possible reasons for the decrease or increase in the assessment of the territory.
Current aspects of managing a construction company when replacing conventional management with interactive management
Authors:   National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Chubarkina Irina Yu. , Shumikhina Valeriya A. ,   National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Samsonova Darya M. ,   National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: December 2022

Currently, construction companies in Russia are increasingly facing a lack of a high-quality human resources (HR). Many such companies apply the principles of conventional management. This approach hinders innovation and reduces employees’ motivation, which factors eventually decrease the cost-effectiveness of enterprises. Conversely, innovative management implies the maximum involvement of employees in the work process, a feeling of self-esteem and attention from managers. In this work, an analysis of conventional and interactive management is conducted to determine the most effective approach to HR management. An SNW-analysis of a construction company was carried out to reveal the dependence between the stable functioning of an enterprise and the strengths and weaknesses of HR policy. In addition, the methods of logical analysis were used. The analysis and identification of weaknesses in the internal structure of the construction company resulted in an improvement strategy of work organisation by using interactive management. Interactive management provides each employee with an opportunity to realise their potential in profession and career. It can be concluded that both the intellectual and emotional recognition of employees is an important component in building an effective enterprise strategy. Such cooperation contributes to the improvement of the domestic climate in the enterprise, which has a beneficial effect on the production and standards in real estate management.
An experimental procedure for flexible hoses based on plasticised PVC reinforced with a rigid PVC spiral
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Alekseenko Victor V. , Suhanova Ksenija M. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Shestakov Aleksandr N. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Yashchenko Vladimir P. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

In this work, we develop laboratory techniques for evaluating service properties of flexible polymer hoses. The main parameters limiting the application of flexible polymer hoses are low-temperature flex-ibility and kink resistance at positive temperatures. To study the flexibility of hoses at low tempera-tures, a setup measuring deformability of a hose under cantilever loading was built. Cooling of hoses was carried out in a special refrigerating chamber. A standard three-point loading configuration was used to measure the hose kink resistance on an Instron 5980 testing machine. The measurements were performed at a temperature of 20C. Flexibility measurements performed on polymer hoses at negative temperatures showed that hoses from plasticised PVC remain flexible at –30C. Kink re-sistance depends on the pitch of spiral reinforcement and the wall thickness of the hose. Thus, two laboratory procedures for measuring the flexibility and kink resistance of PVC hoses were tested. It was shown that these techniques are capable of predicting the service temperature range and physical and mechanical characteristics of commercial polymer flexible hoses.