bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Macro to Mesoporous ZnO Inverse Opals: Synthesis, Characterization and Tracer Diffusion Properties
Authors: Kousik Shravan , Sipp Diane , Abitaev Karina , Li Yawen , Sottmann Thomas , Koynov Kaloian , Atanasova Petia
Published: January 2021

Oxide inverse opals (IOs) with their high surface area and open porosity are promising candidates for catalyst support applications. Supports with confined mesoporous domains are of added value to heterogeneous catalysis. However, the fabrication of IOs with mesoporous or sub-macroporous voids (<100 nm) continues to be a challenge, and the diffusion of tracers in quasi-mesoporous IOs is yet to be adequately studied. In order to address these two problems, we synthesized ZnO IOs films with tunable pore sizes using chemical bath deposition and template-based approach. By decreasing the size of polystyrene (PS) template particles towards the mesoporous range, ZnO IOs with 50 nm-sized pores and open porosity were synthesized. The effect of the template-removal method on the pore geometry (spherical vs. gyroidal) was studied. The infiltration depth in the template was determined, and the factors influencing infiltration were assessed. The crystallinity and photonic stop-band of the IOs were studied using X-Ray diffraction and UV-Vis, respectively. The infiltration of tracer molecules (Alexa Fluor 488) in multilayered quasi-mesoporous ZnO IOs was confirmed via confocal laser scanning microscopy, while fluorescence correlation spectroscopy analysis revealed two distinct diffusion times in IOs assigned to diffusion through the pores (fast) and adsorption on the pore walls (slow).
Oxidative Desulfurization of Petroleum Distillate Fractions Using Manganese Dioxide Supported on Magnetic Reduced Graphene Oxide as Catalyst
Authors: Ahmad Waqas , Ur Rahman Atiq , Ahmad Imtiaz , Yaseen Muhammad , Mohamed Jan Badrul , Stylianakis Minas M. , Kenanakis George , Ikram Rabia
Published: January 2021

In this study, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of modeled and real oil samples was investigated using manganese-dioxide-supported, magnetic-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (MnO2/MrGO) as a catalyst in the presence of an H2O2/HCOOH oxidation system. MnO2/MrGO composite was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The optimal conditions for maximum removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from modeled oil samples were found to be efficient at 40 °C temperature, 60 min reaction time, 0.08 g catalyst dose/10 mL, and 2 mL of H2O2/formic acid, under which MnO2/MrGO exhibited intense desulfurization activity of up to 80%. Under the same set of conditions, the removal of only 41% DBT was observed in the presence of graphene oxide (GO) as the catalyst, which clearly indicated the advantage of MrGO in the composite catalyst. Under optimized conditions, sulfur removal in real oil samples, including diesel oil, gasoline, and kerosene, was found to be 67.8%, 59.5%, and 51.9%, respectively. The present approach is credited to cost-effectiveness, environmental benignity, and ease of preparation, envisioning great prospects for desulfurization of fuel oils on a commercial level.
National Pharmacist Workforce Study (NPWS): Description of 2019 Survey Methods and Assessment of Nonresponse Bias
Authors: Witry Matthew J. , Arya Vibhuti , Bakken Brianne K. , Gaither Caroline A. , Kreling David H. , Mott David A. , Schommer Jon C. , Doucette William R.
Published: January 2021

National Pharmacist Workforce Studies (NPWS) have been conducted in the U.S. every five years since 2000. This article describes the online survey methods used for the latest NPWS conducted in 2019 and provides an assessment for nonresponse bias. Three waves of emails containing a link to the online survey were sent to a random sample of about 96,000 pharmacists licensed in the United States. The survey asked about pharmacist employment, work activities, work–life balance, practice characteristics, pharmacist demographics and training. A total of 5467 usable responses were received, for a usable response rate of 5.8%. To assess for nonresponse bias, respondent characteristics were compared to the population of U.S. pharmacists and a benchmark, while a wave analysis compared early and late respondents. The pharmacist sample–population comparison and the benchmark comparison showed that the NPWS respondents had a higher percentage of female pharmacists and a lower proportion of young pharmacists compared to the population of U.S. pharmacists and the benchmark sample. In some contrast, the wave analysis showed that the early respondents had a higher percentage of males and older pharmacists compared to the late respondents. Both the wave analysis and the benchmark comparison showed that the NPWS respondents (and early respondents) had a lower percent of pharmacists with a PharmD degree than did the late respondents and the benchmark group. These differences should be considered when interpreting the findings from the 2019 NPWS.
InP-Components for 100 GBaud Optical Data Center Communication
Authors: Runge Patrick , Beckerwerth Tobias , Troppenz Ute , Gruner Marko , Boerma Hendrik , Möhrle Martin , Schell Martin
Published: January 2021

Externally modulated DFB lasers (EML) and vertically illuminated photodetectors are presented. Because of their excellent high-speed behavior and operation wavelength of 1310 nm, the devices are of interest for intra-data center communication. Since the EML and the photodetector chips are compatible with current systems, these devices are candidates for upgrading existing transceivers to higher baud rates. Therefore, a proof of concept for 100 GBaud data transmission with the presented components is demonstrated. Even without predistortion, the experiments show clearly open eye diagrams.
Formation of Rutin–β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes by Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation
Authors: Franco Paola , De Marco Iolanda
Published: January 2021

In this work, rutin (RUT)–β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes are prepared by Supercritical AntiSolvent (SAS) precipitation. Well-defined composite microparticles are obtained at guest:host ratios equal to 1:2 and 1:1 mol:mol. The dimensions of composite particles range between 1.45 ± 0.88 µm and 7.94 ± 2.12 µm. The formation of RUT–β-CD inclusion complexes has been proved by different analyses, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The dissolution tests reveal a significant improvement in the release rate of RUT from inclusion complexes. Indeed, compared to the unprocessed RUT, the dissolution rate is about 3.9 and 2.4 times faster in the case of the complexes RUT–β-CD 1:2 and 1:1 mol:mol, respectively. From a pharmaceutical/nutraceutical point of view, CD-based inclusion complexes allow the reduction of the polymer amount in the SAS composite formulations.
Ti2CTx MXene as a Saturable Absorber for Passively Q-Switched Solid-State Lasers
Authors: Huang Hongfu , Wang Jianwen , Xu Ning , Liu Shunxiang , Liang Guowen , Wen Qiao
Published: January 2021

In this work, we successfully fabricated a transmissive saturable absorber (SA) with Ti2CTx MXene using the spin-coating method. By inserting the Ti2CTx saturable absorber into the diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) Nd:YAG laser, a stable passively Q-switched operation was obtained near 1.06 μm. At a pump power of 4.5 W, we obtained the shortest pulse duration of 163 ns with a repetition rate of 260 kHz. The corresponding single pulse energy and peak pulse power were 3.638 μJ and 22.3 W, respectively. The slope efficiency and the optical conversion efficiency of the laser were 21% and 25.5%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Ti2CTx was used in the passively Q-switched solid-state lasers. This work demonstrates that Ti2CTx can be a promising saturable absorber for solid-state laser pulse generation.
Introduction to the Special Issue: The Study of Religious and Spiritual Struggles: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor
Authors: Magyar-Russell Gina
Published: January 2021

Religious and spiritual (r/s) struggles are relatively common human experiences and refer to pain, anger, fear, doubt, or confusion related to religious and spiritual beliefs, experiences, and practices (Exline 2013; Pargament et al [...]
A Study of the Spatial Distribution of Danwei Compounds in the Old Town of Hefei, China
Authors: Ye Nanqi , Kita Michihiro , Matsubara Shigeki , Okyere Seth Asare , Shimoda Motoki
Published: January 2021

Danwei compounds have experienced a steady decline since the 1997 Urban Housing System Reform. Existing research suggests that Danwei compounds, which were characteristically walled neighbourhoods of work and residence, have experienced socio-spatial changes in social structure, community management and spatial form. However, there is limited understanding of its current spatial function and relation to the city. This study analysed the spatial distribution of Danwei compounds, their spatial features and accessibility to selected public facilities in comparison with non-Danwei residential sites in the old town of Hefei city. ArcGIS was used to analyse building density, plot ratio of the residential sites and their accessibility to public facilities. Further quantitative analysis was done using binary logistic regression and descriptive statistics to identify spatial features of the residential sites. The results show that even though the urban land reforms have led to a steady rise in non-Danwei residential sites, Danwei compounds predominate the urban spatial structure. Comparatively, Danwei compounds have lower plot ratios with higher levels of accessibility to commercial centres and hospitals but poor accessibility to schools. The paper suggests the need for local planning officials to support the revitalisation of old residential compounds through integrated and community-centred spatial planning.
Completion of the AAV Structural Atlas: Serotype Capsid Structures Reveals Clade-Specific Features
Authors: Mietzsch Mario , Jose Ariana , Chipman Paul , Bhattacharya Nilakshee , Daneshparvar Nadia , McKenna Robert , Agbandje-McKenna Mavis
Published: January 2021

The capsid structures of most Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes, already assigned to an antigenic clade, have been previously determined. This study reports the remaining capsid structures of AAV7, AAV11, AAV12, and AAV13 determined by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction to 2.96, 2.86, 2.54, and 2.76 Å resolution, respectively. These structures complete the structural atlas of the AAV serotype capsids. AAV7 represents the first clade D capsid structure; AAV11 and AAV12 are of a currently unassigned clade that would include AAV4; and AAV13 represents the first AAV2-AAV3 hybrid clade C capsid structure. These newly determined capsid structures all exhibit the AAV capsid features including 5-fold channels, 3-fold protrusions, 2-fold depressions, and a nucleotide binding pocket with an ordered nucleotide in genome-containing capsids. However, these structures have viral proteins that display clade-specific loop conformations. This structural characterization completes our three-dimensional library of the current AAV serotypes to provide an atlas of surface loop configurations compatible with capsid assembly and amenable for future vector engineering efforts. Derived vectors could improve gene delivery success with respect to specific tissue targeting, transduction efficiency, antigenicity or receptor retargeting.
Enteric Viruses and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Tarris Georges , de Rougemont Alexis , Charkaoui Maëva , Michiels Christophe , Martin Laurent , Belliot Gaël
Published: January 2021

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a multifactorial disease in which dietary, genetic, immunological, and microbial factors are at play. The role of enteric viruses in IBD remains only partially explored. To date, epidemiological studies have not fully described the role of enteric viruses in inflammatory flare-ups, especially that of human noroviruses and rotaviruses, which are the main causative agents of viral gastroenteritis. Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the association between IBD, polymorphisms of the FUT2 and FUT3 genes (which drive the synthesis of histo-blood group antigens), and ligands for norovirus and rotavirus in the intestine. The role of autophagy in defensin-deficient Paneth cells and the perturbations of cytokine secretion in T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 inflammatory pathways following enteric virus infections have been demonstrated as well. Enteric virus interactions with commensal bacteria could play a significant role in the modulation of enteric virus infections in IBD. Based on the currently incomplete knowledge of the complex phenomena underlying IBD pathogenesis, future studies using multi-sampling and data integration combined with new techniques such as human intestinal enteroids could help to decipher the role of enteric viruses in IBD.
Review on Numerical Simulation of the Internal Soil Erosion Mechanisms Using the Discrete Element Method
Authors: Wang Xiukai , Tang Yao , Huang Bo , Hu Tiantian , Ling Daosheng
Published: January 2021

Internal erosion can trigger severe engineering disasters, such as the failure of embankment dams and uneven settlement of buildings and sinkholes. This paper comprehensively reviewed the mechanisms of soil internal erosion studied by numerical simulation, which can facilitate uncovering the internal erosion mechanism by tracing the movement of particles. The initiation and development of internal erosion are jointly influenced by the geometric, mechanical, and hydraulic conditions, which determine the pore channels and force chains in soil. The geometric conditions are fundamental to erosion resistance, whereas the mechanical conditions can significantly change the soil erosion resistance, and the hydraulic conditions determine whether erosion occurs. The erosion process can be divided into particle detachment, transport, and clogging. The first is primarily affected by force chains, whereas the latter two are mostly affected by the pore channels. The stability of the soil is mainly determined by force chains and pore channels, whereas the hydraulic conditions act as external disturbances. The erosion process is accompanied by contact failure, force chain bending, kinetic energy burst of particles, and other processes due to multi-factor coupling.
Quantifying the Risks that Propagate from the Inflow Forecast Uncertainty to the Reservoir Operations with Coupled Flood and Electricity Curtailment Risks
Authors: Ma Qiumei , Zhang Jiaxin , Xiong Bin , Zhang Yanke , Ji Changming , Zhou Ting
Published: January 2021

Substantial uncertainty is inherent in reservoir inflow forecasting, which exerts a potential negative impact on reservoir risk. However, the risk propagation from the inflow forecast uncertainty (IFU) to reservoir operations remains elusive. Thus, a new integrated assessment framework was developed in this study to characterize the risk coupling with flood and electricity curtailment risks that propagate from the IFU to the reservoir operations. First, to incorporate the IFU, an improved Gaussian mixture distribution (IGMD) and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm were constructed to model the measured forecast errors and generate ensemble inflow forecasts, respectively. Next, to assess the reservoir risk, the flood risk induced by the IFU overestimation and the electricity curtailment risk related to the IFU underestimation were identified according to the reservoir operation rules. The sub-daily inflow forecast at the Jinping First Stage Hydropower Plant Reservoir of Yalong River, China (Jinping I Reservoir) was selected. The results indicated that the IGMD-based MCMC was capable of deriving robust ensemble forecasts. Furthermore, there was no flood risk (risk rate was zero) induced by the IFU when taking designed reservoir floods with a ≥10-year return period as the benchmark. In contrast, the electricity curtailment risk rate significantly increased up to 41% when considering the IFU. These findings suggested that compared with the flood prevention pressure, the IFU would more likely result in severe electricity curtailment risk at the Jinping I Reservoir.
Apoios comunitários para o reforço da resiliência na Região Autónoma da Madeira
Authors: Azevedo Helena
Published: January 2021

Num contexto de aumento de fenómenos meteorológicos extremos, como vagas de calor, incêndios florestais, e inundações o combate às alterações climáticas constitui uma prioridade na definição das políticas nacionais e europeias. Nesta comunicação, propomos uma abordagem sobre o contributo do Fundo de Coesão, nos últimos 10 anos, no âmbito da prevenção e gestão de riscos relacionados com inundações, deslizamentos de terra ou incêndios florestais, na redução das vulnerabilidades do território aos fenómenos de catástrofes naturais e na criação de sinergias que permitam tornar a Madeira uma região mais resiliente.
Proteção de pessoas e bens: capacidades atuais e futuras
Authors: Oliveira Dias José António
Published: January 2021

A atuação do Serviço Regional de Proteção Civil, IP-RAM deve assegurar estudos e medidas preventivas para os riscos identificados no Plano Regional de Emergência da RAM, certificando a resiliência da RAM em situações de acidente ou catástrofe. Deve assegurar, ainda, o levantamento de capacidade de resposta, vulnerabilidades, planos de resposta adequada e de forma coordenada, certificando-se que o socorro é o adequado e realizado com rapidez, objetividade e flexibilidade. Por fim, deve garantir o apoio das Forças Armadas nas missões de proteção civil. O Serviço Regional pretende afirmar-se como um Serviço de Proteção Civil Moderno, Eficiente, Eficaz e Participativo, uma visão sustentada pelos objetivos de aumentar a cultura de Proteção Civil da população da RAM, aperfeiçoar as capacidades de Comando, Controle e Comunicações (C3) das ações de Proteção Civil, prestar socorro eficaz e eficiente, em todas as suas dimensões, adequado à RAM, reforçar a capacidade de prevenção e preparação da população e dos agentes de proteção civil através do fortalecimento da formação, sensibilização, articulação e coordenação.
Sinodski put
Authors: Ančić Nediljko Ante
Published: January 2021

Problem zlostavljanja djece i maloljetnika u posljednje vrijeme sve više potresa društvenu javnost. U svom radu autor tematizira dio spektra te problematike koji se odnosi na spolno zlostavljanje malodobnika od strane katoličkih svećenika i redovnika. Prvi dio obrađuje reakcije i poduzete mjere sadašnjega pape i njegova prethodnika te Rimske kurije u borbi protiv spolnog zlostavljanja koje su počinili klerici. Drugi, veći dio ovoga članka istražuje kako se Katolička Crkva u Njemačkoj suočava s ovim problemom i kako ga pokušava iskorijeniti. Spolno zlostavljanje djece od strane crkvenih osoba koje je izišlo na vidjelo, izazvao je duboku krizu vjere i poljuljao povjerenje u tamošnju Crkvu. Njemački su biskupi od početka prepoznali svu pogubnost toga zla i prihvatili novi obrazac razotkrivanja i kažnjavanja počinitelja, zaštite žrtava i rad na prevenciji. Na temelju MHG-studije došli su do zaključka da postoje sistemski problemi koji pogoduju zlostavljanju. Zato su odlučili sazvati neku vrst sinode - Sinodski put - da raspravi međusobnu povezanost nekoliko ključnih crkvenih i teoloških tema. Autor detaljno opisuje i dokumentira brojne aktivnosti i nastojanja oko statusa, sazivanja i prvog plenarnog zasjedanja tog skupa. Postoji opravdano očekivanje da će započeti sinodski proces između ostalog donijeti čišćenje, vratiti poljuljano povjerenje i ojačati crkveno zajedništvu u svjedočenju evanđelja.
Komedija Gli amori del capitano Niccolò Ivulić… u prijeporu auktorstva i osiromašenoj slici duhovnosti barokne Makarske. Pristup makarskoj komediji iz 18. st. s osvrtom na izdanje iz 2018.
Authors: Tomasović Marinko
Published: January 2021

U radu se dokazuje kako je komedija „Gli amori del capitano Niccolò Ivulić … (Ljubavi kapetana Nikole Ivulića)“ nepoznatog makarskog auktora iz 18. st., sačuvana u prijepisu iz 1873., a u izdanju „Buzdo“ makarskog Ogranka Matice hrvatske iz 2018. priređena prema beogradskoj kazališnoj adaptaciji Antona Kolendića. Nagomilanim vulgarnostima i psovkama tek je oslonjena na izvorni tekst. Sukladno nametnutoj ideologiji jugoslavenstva hrvatskoj duhovnosti i kulturi atribuirana je svećeniku Klementu Grubišiću (1725. - 1773.), što je prihvaćeno i u Matičinom izdanju. Podsjeća se kako hrvatska kulturna i znanstvena javnost nije prihvatila takvo auktorstvo, već se govori o nepoznatom piscu. Matičino izdanje nije naznačilo čiji se tekst komedije tiskao, niti pohranu prijepisa u Nacionalnoj i sveučilišnoj knjižnici u Zagrebu. U Predgovoru je razvidno nepozivanje na one radove koji su upozorili na dvojbenost Grubišićeva auktorstva komedije (D. Berić, S. Prosperov Novak, V. Deželjin). Manjkavosti su očite i u loše posloženom i faktografski neuvjerljivom Pogovoru, poglavito u prikazu duhovnosti Makarske 18. st. Njime se razotkriva i anacionalni pristup neupitnim kategorijama, kao što su hrvatska književnost i kultura.
e‑Learning Challenges Faced by Universities in Kenya: A
Literature Review
Authors: Kibuku Rachael Njeri , Ochieng Prof. Daniel Orwa , Wausi Prof. Agnes Nduku
Published: January 2021

Some institutions of higher education in Kenya have adopted
e‑Learning with the aim of coping with the increased demand for
university education and to widen access to university training and
education. Though there are advantages that accrue from adopting
e‑Learning; its implementation and provision has not been smooth
sailing. It has had to contend with certain national,
organisational, technical and social challenges that undermine its
successful implementation. This paper therefore aims to present a
literature review of the challenges faced in the implementation and
provision of e‑Learning in universities in Kenya. The scoping review
method was used to identify and analyze the literature of the
e‑Learning challenges. Some of the challenges revealed include: lack
of adequate e‑Learning policies, inadequate Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, the ever evolving
technologies, lack of technical and pedagogical competencies and
training for e‑tutors and e‑learners, lack of an e‑Learning theory
to underpin the e‑Learning practice, budgetary constraints and
sustainability issues, negative perceptions towards e‑Learning,
quality issues, domination of e‑Learning aims by technology and
market forces and lack of collaboration among the e‑Learning
participants. These challenges need to be addressed to minimise
their impact on implementation and delivery of e‑Learning
initiatives in institutions of higher education in Kenya. This
analysis of the e‑Learning challenges forms the basis for the
ongoing research that seeks to explore and establish possible
strategies to address some of these challenges.
Triangular Scheme Revisited in the Light of n-permutable Categories
Authors: Mbarga Brice Réné Amougou
Published: January 2021

The first diagrammatic scheme was developed by H.P. Gumm under the name Shifting Lemma in case to characterize congruence modularity. A diagrammatic scheme is developed for the generalized semi distributive law in Mal'tsev categories. In this paper we study this diagrammatic scheme in the context of $n$-permutable, and of Mal'tsev categories in particular. Several remarks concerning the Triangular scheme case are included.
Secession and social polarization: Evidence from Catalonia
Authors: Balcells Laia , Fernández-Albertos José , Kuo Alexander
Published: January 2021

Does secessionism lead to social polarization? Despite much research on independence movements, their relationship to polarization, a key mechanism theorized as increasing the chances of violent conflict, remains less understood. We argue that secessionist conflicts can polarize along both policy and ethnic group lines even when they take the form of non-violent disputes. However, polarization does not necessarily lead to violence. We explore the case of Catalonia, a region that experienced a deep secessionist crisis in the last months of 2017, using novel data from a panel survey fielded across two key time periods and embedded experiments. We find a society with great levels of affective polarization in that pro- and anti-independence advocates have strong negative views of one another. In addition, there is spillover in terms of the assessment of associated language groups. However, there is a group of moderates in between the two policy poles that limit the extent of this polarization. Contrary to common wisdom, these moderates have very stable preferences. Our results contribute to the understanding of the underexplored polarization dynamics of secessionist movements, particularly in places where high-intensity violence (i.e. terrorism, civil war) has not yet occurred.
Nutrients boom as an indicator of the fruit crops requrements in mineral nutrition
Authors:   M.F. Sydorenko Melitopol Research Fruit Growing Station of IH of NAAS of Ukraine, Maliuk T.V. , Pcholkina N.G. ,   M.F. Sydorenko Melitopol Research Fruit Growing Station of IH of NAAS of Ukraine, Kozlova L.V. ,   M.F. Sydorenko Melitopol Research Fruit Growing Station of IH of NAAS of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

The studies were devoted to determining the parameters of the nitrogen absorption and boom by of pome fruit crops intense in the conditions of Southern Ukraine and to assessing the expediency of these indices using to establish the plants requirements in mineral nutrition and rational fertilizers doses. The size and structure of the nitrogen boom by apple and pear trees, that is, the ratio between the nitrogen boom from pruned trees and fruits proved to depend on the varietal signs level of the crop yield, as well as on the doses, terms and methods of the mineral fertilizers application. However, the average nitrogen boom rates by these crops on the irrigated southern black soil did not exceed 25-52 kg N/ha, and this element absorption rate from mineral fertilizers was no more than 14-22 %. The investigations also showned that, with the maximum doses of the N90-120 fertilizer, the nitrogen boom with pruned trees increased by 11-31 % depending on the crop without significant increase of the orchard yield. In addition, when using nitrogen at doses significantly exceeding its boom, the soil accumulated an excess of nitrate compounds beyond the location of the bulk of the trees root system on vegetative rootstocks. Their amount achieved 17-35 % of the total nitrogen supplied to the soil during the entire fertilizer application period. This can cause both the increase of unproductive nitrogen loss, of environmental stress and the reduction of fertilizer payback, in agrocenoses due to the soil water contamination by nitrates. Considering the above mentioned facts as well as taking into account the ability of fruit crops to re-utilize the nutrients from the vegetative organs, the complex processes of the nitrogenous fund transformation of irrigated southern black soil, in particular, its ability to nitrogen mineralization, and the risk of the environmental contamination with nitrate compounds, the application of nitrogenous fertilizers doses higher than N60 in intense pome orchards in the south of Ukraine are not advisable in agronomic or environmental terms.
Weather changes monitoring and their influence on the cherry (Cerasus vulgaris Mill.) valuable breeding genetic fund productivity in the Lisosteppe of Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Makarova D.G. , Vasylenko V.I. ,   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Trokhymchuk A.I. ,   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

The authors have researched the weather peculiarities of the years 2017-2019 and their influence on the formation and realization of the productivity potential of the valuable industrial inland and foreign cherry cultivars. According to the research results the unfavorable weather phenomena, including long air and soil droughts, late spring frosts, dry winds et. became more frequent considerably in the Ukraine’s Lisosteppe during the periods of flowering and infructescense. The cherry trees ability to fructify sufficienly under a number of unfavourable environmental factors effects substantially this crop economic efficiency on the whole. The investigations have revealed the essential cv impact on the amount and quality of the cherry fruits. The explored crop certain varieties plants in the collection of the genetic fund of the Institute of Horticulture (IH) of NAAS of Ukraine are characterized with the constant infructescense during the entire study period. The following collection samples distinguished themselves (in the order of the improvement of the trait display): North Star’ < ‘Igrushka’ < ‘Favourite’ < ‘Meteor’ < ‘Malva’ < ‘Boguslavka’. The trees of the two latest cultivars (IH NAAS) formed very large fruits irrespective of the abiotic environmental factors influence. ‘Boguslavka’. Middle – ripening. Tree is middle – growing, the crown thick, orbicular, a little droop. Resistant to fungal diseases. Winter – hardy practically by all the components. Yield is high (t/ha under the planting plan 6x2,5 m on the seedling rootstock wild sweet cherry). The fruits are very large (7.6 g), dark red, oval, the separation from the fruit stem is dry. The stone is of more than middle size, the separation from the flesh easy. The consumption term is the first decade of July. The usage is universal. ‘Malva’. Middle – late ripening. The crown is branchy. Resistant to fungal diseases. Winter – hardy. The yield is up to 15 t/ha. The fruits are of more than middle size (4.2 g), dark red, the separation from the fruit stem is dry. The flesh is dark red, juicy. The stone is small (0.16 g). The taste qualities are as/follows: sour-sweet, the skin is astringe. The degustation evaluation is 7.7 points. The consumption term is the first decade of July.
Boron rejection from aqueous solution and wastewater by direct contact membrane distillation
Authors: Tan Burcu , Selengil Uğur , Bektas Tijen Ennil
Published: January 2021

Boron is widely used in various areas of modern technology. Due to the environmental problems arising during the production and use, the studies on the removal and recovery of boron from wastewater have been increased recently. Membrane distillation (MD) system is smaller in size with respect to other common distillation systems and needs lower operating temperatures. In addition, the equipment costs are reduced and the safety of the process increases since it operates at lower pressures. Moreover, the membrane distillation process can remove pollutants from water without using chemicals. In this study, boron rejection from aqueous solutions and wastewater was investigated by using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system where both surfaces of a porous hydrophobic membrane were in contact with liquid streams. The effects of various parameters (pH, feed concentration, feed temperature, etc.) on boron rejection were investigated and the highest boron rejection was found to be 50 % when pH=10 at 50 °C and with feeding by a pump of 54 rpm. According to the test results of wastewater from Kırka Borax treatment plants, the mean distillate fluxes were found as 13, 16 and 14 L m-2 h-1 at the feed temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 °C, respectively. The boron removal percentages were found to be 47, 64 and 48 % at 30, 40 and 50 °C, respectively. It was observed in the XRD spectra that the crystals in wastewater mainly consist of Na2B(OH)4Cl and Mg2B2O5 structures.
A Study on Dual-Generalized Complex and Hyperbolic-Generalized Complex Numbers
Authors: GÜRSES Nurten , ŞENTÜRK Gülsüm Yeliz , YÜCE Salim
Published: January 2021

This work is intended to introduce the theories of dual-generalized complex and hyperbolicgeneralized complex numbers. The algebraic properties of these numbers are taken into consideration. Besides, dual-generalized complex and hyperbolic-generalized complex valued functions are defined and different matrix representations of these numbers are examined. Moreover, a remarkable classification are given for special cases and the set of complexgeneralized complex numbers are mentioned.
SSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ECO-SERVICES IN THE NATURAL BIRD PARK – CASE STUDY IN THOI BINH DISTRICT, CA MAU PROVINCE, VIET NAM
Authors: Nguyen Ky Minh , Nguyen Hung Tri Quang , Nguyen Phuong Hoang , Nguyen Manh Cong
Published: January 2021

As ecotourism continues to grow in Vietnam, the potential and willingness to pay (WTP) for eco-services need to be assessed. The focus of this was in the Natural Bird Park in Bien Bach Dong commune of Thoi Binh District, Ca Mau Province. WTP estimation during the period of 2020 to 2025 shows that the choice of payment level will range from 10,000 to 25,000 VND. The pre- diction for 2026 to 2030 the prices of 20,000and 25,000 VND was chosen as the highest rates. The regression equation of stage 1 showed adjusted R2 = 0.514; which means that 51.4% of the variability of the dependent variable can be explained by the studied model. The regression results also showed that the positive impact of education level (X3), occupation (F), income (X4) on the WTP are statistically significant (p<0.05). In contrast, the related variables such as gender (D) and number of trips (X5) had an negative effect on WTP. In the stage 2, a positive interaction of independent factors such as occupation (F) and income (X4) on the WTP in the period of 2026 to 2030 was also found. Although, the independent variables of age (X1), education (X3) and number of trips (X5) had an negative effect on WTP levels (p<0.05). The adjusted R2 value was equal to 0.438 and this model explained 43.8% of the variation in WTP. The results provide a scientific basis for proposing the appropriate ecotourism solutions in Thoi Binh District, Ca Mau Province.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF GRAPHICAL STYLISTICS IN THE SACRED TEXTS OF KHANTY “PESNI PЕLYMSKOGO TORUMA”
Authors: Anduganova Marianna Yuryevna
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to revealing of stylistic resource of graphics in printed sacred texts. It also gives opportunities in finding out ways of coding and decoding emotive information. Sacred texts are perfect because they include ancient traditions of oral saving and delivering of information. They contain appeals to the nation traditional Gods. Such texts are always emotional. They have been being a wellhead of highest moral, religious, philosophic and language culture. Text is accompanied by sacred ritual and so it is a language in use. The lines of the Khanty text “Pesni Pеlymskogo Toruma” are the data for analyzing. They are one of the random texts which have graphical form of presentation. This fact could be explained by newly scripted position of Khanty language, by small amount of language data and by strict taboo of ritual participations: not everybody is allowed to be member or attestor of sacred proses for example children, woman, outsider. So, specialness of this research work is firstly investigating of graphical stylistics potential capacity, which is undeservingly ignored in finno-ugric linguistic study, secondly it gives an opportunity to connect graphics with other levels of the sacred texts stylistics. It demonstrates particularity and uniqueness of Khanty people’s sacred texts. For the aim achieving it is necessary to identify the inventory of graphic stylistics. All the results are proved by the Khanty language folklore texts, which are collected and compiled by the specialist in folklore, ethnographer and native language speaker T. A. Moldanova
IS KOMI-YAZVA SEPARATE LANGUAGE OR KOMI-PERMIAN’S DIALECT?
Authors: Normanskaya Julia Viktorovna
Published: January 2021

The question of Komi-Yazva separate language or Komi-Permian dialects is currently open. There are different opinions: linguists of the late XIX - early XX cent. suggested that it is a dialect. In the early XXI cent. opinions of the scientists were divided and some experts supposed that Komi-Yazva can be a separate language. Currently, on the LinguoDoc platform there are special program modules, which reproduce the etymologist's big data analysis results, as well as 16 dictionaries of Komi dialect related languages with etymological connections. These are audio dictionaries, materials for which were collected in 2015-2018, and archival dictionaries of the XVIII-XIXcent. As a result of the dictionaries’ processing with the use of special comparative-historical module for phonetic and etymological criteria, it was found that the distance from the Komi-Yazva to the modern dialects of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak languages is significantly greater than between the latter two ones, so in terms of phonetic changes, Komi-Yazva is currently a separate language. In the XVIII. cent. Komi-Yazva was close to the Komi-Permyak dictionaries recorded by P. S. Pallas and Nikita Ovchinnikov. As the analysis shows, 250 years ago, Komi-Yazva and Komi-Permyak languages had only minor dialect differences, but over the next two centuries, the Komi-Permyak dialects had many innovative changes, which brought them closer to the Komi-Zyryan dialects of the Komi Republic, whereas the Komi-Yazva language presents the archaic stage of Komi languages: the features, which were the characteristics of the Komi-Permyak first dictionaries in the XVIII-th. century.
“TWILIGHT OF GODS” IN SERGEY STRATANOVSKY'S POETIC BOOK “ANIMATION OF THE TAMBOURINE”
Authors: Zvereva Tatyana Vjacheslavovna
Published: January 2021

The paper analyses the book Animation of the Tambourine by Sergey Stratanovskii. The research focuses on the poetic interpretation of the Russian peoples’ myths (Karelian-Finnish, Mari, Mordovian, Udmurt, Chuvash, Mansi , Tatar, Bashkir, Buryat, Chukchee, Nivkhi, Yakut, etc.). Special emphasis is made on the analysis of the poetry which refers to Finno-Ugric legends and myths. The author considers that S. Stratanovskii not only educes the unique character of certain cultures but also reveals universal archetypical structures which moderate surface differences on the primal level. The main conflict of the book is the clash between heathen beliefs and Christian faith which replaced them. Most texts deflect S. Stratanovskii’s ‘basic myth’, i.e. the ‘civilization myth’ about the Teacher’s arrival. Reference to fiction pretexts ( Calevala , A. Blok, K. Zhakov and Y. Rytkheu, etc. ) play an important role in sense making. Text analysis lets the author draw the conclusion of conventionality of artistic time continuum which correlates with past and present as well which means the hic et ubique situation rather than a given period in human history. Animation of the Tambourine raises a most important problem for the present-day Russia, namely the problem of interrelationship between the Russian and indigenous ethnic groups’ cultures. The fact ascending to folklore - fundamental variability of the book - is noted as there are a few copies of Animation of the Tambourine written by the author himself which differ in number of texts and genre composition.
WRITTEN SOURCES ABOUT EXECUTIONS OF PRISONERS IN POTESTARY SOCIETIES OF THE VOLGA REGION AND THE BALTIC STATES OF THE END OF THE XII - THE MIDDLE OF THE XIII CENTURIES
Authors: Puzanov Daniil Viktorovich
Published: January 2021

The article describes in detail the customs of ritual execution of captured enemies of the Aests, Livs and the «Mordvans» described by written sources. Specific forms of execution are compared with the customs of neighboring peoples, fabulous European folklore and customs of tribal collectives. The parallels in the description of ritual practices by various written sources are explained on the basis of the modern archaeological and textual discoveries, theoretical developments, and reconstructions. Some written testimonies have been found to match the archaeological material. Literary and folklore traditions, which could influence the description of «alien» people by chroniclers, are revealed. Semantic similarity of executions through burning and chopping is noted. Such methods of destruction of the body were associated with the fear that the deceased could take revenge on the killer, if the appropriate measures are not taken. Analyzed similarities of such reprisals with the execution-re-actualization of cosmogony. The influence of external conditions on the formation of local ritual traditions is noted. The pressure of world religions contributed to the contrast between new and old phenomena. Because of this contrast, reprisals could take on particularly bizarre forms. For an outside observer, they were even more unusual. Medieval authors did not always understand the meaning of the actions they observed. And their description to a considerable degree should have been influenced by the prejudices and stereotypes inherent to the narrator.
SECRETS OF TOPONYMIC SOUND (TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF L. E. KIRILLOVA)
Authors: Karpova Ludmila Leonidovna
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the anniversary of Ljudmila Jevgenjevna Kirillova, an Udmurt linguist, Honored scientist, Candidate of Philologу. The author focuses on her scientific and creative activity and analyzes her contribution to the development of Udmurt linguistics, in particular considering her publications in onomastics. Her works are in demand not only among the academic community and teachers of higher education, but also of all those who are interested in traditional culture. During her activities she conducted a large number of toponymic and folklore-dialectological expeditions, the geography of which, in addition to the Udmurt Republic, covers the Republic of Tatarstan, the Kirov region. The name of the Udmurt linguist is known not only on a Russian scale, but also outside of it. L. E. Kirillova is a returning participant in international conferences, congresses.
Valores referenciales de los parámetros espirométricos en trabajadores sanos de diferentes niveles de altitud en el Perú
Authors: Llanos-Salcedo Catherine , Muñoz-Farfán Katia , Maguiña Jorge L.
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: estimar los valores referenciales de los parámetros espirométricos en trabajadores sanos de diferentes niveles de altitud en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: realizamos un análisis secundario de datos de registros de evaluaciones medico ocupacionales de trabajadores de cuatro diferentes niveles de altitud realizadas entre mayo y junio del 2019; nivel 1: 0 - 100 msnm (Trujillo, Pisco, Marcona, Lima), nivel 2: 2 300 – 2 800 msnm (Arequipa y Cajamarca), nivel 3: 3 200 – 3 800 msnm (Huancayo, La Oroya, Orcopampa y Oyon) y nivel 4: 4 000 – 4 400 msnm (Carhuacoto y Cerro de Pasco). Se construyeron y compararon los valores referenciales espirométricos del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1), la capacidad vital forzada (CVF) y la razón VEF1/CVF a través de un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: un total de 33 232 registros de trabajadores sanos de diferentes zonas altitudinales del Perú fueron analizados. Envarones, el CVF fue de 4,6 ± 0,64 (media ± desviación estándar), límite inferior de normalidad (LIN): de 3,58; 4,8 ± 0,67, LIN: 3,78; 4,9 ± 0,65, LIN: 3,84 y 4,8 ± 0,65, LIN: 3,75 para los niveles 1, 2, 3 y 4, respectivamente. El VEF1 fue de 3,8 ± 0,54; LIN: 2,93; 3,9 ± 0,59, LIN: 3,06; 4,0 ± 0,57, LIN: 3,13; y 4,0 ± 0,59, LIN: 3,08 para los niveles 1, 2, 3 y 4, respectivamente. El VEF1/CVF fue de 0,83 ± 0,05, LIN: 0,72; 0,83 ± 0,05, LIN: 0,71; 0,84 ± 0,05, LIN: 0,71 y 0,84 ± 0,05, LIN: 0,72 para los niveles 1, 2, 3 y 4, respectivamente. Conclusiones: los valores espirométricos de VEF1 y CVF presentan ligeras diferencias según nivel de altitud de la población en donde se evalúa. Futuros estudios son necesarios para confirmar nuestros hallazgos.
Sarcopenia, mortalidad intrahospitalaria y estancia hospitalaria prolongada en adultos mayores internados en un hospital de referencia peruano
Authors: Ramos-Ramirez Keyla E. , Soto Alonso
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: determinar si la sarcopenia es un factor asociado a mortalidad intrahospitalaria y estancia hospitalaria prolongada (EHP) en adultos mayores del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue (HNHU) en el periodo diciembre de 2019 a marzo de 2020. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, de cohorte prospectivo, en adultos mayores hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina del HNHU. El análisis crudo y multivariado se realizó utilizando modelos de regresión de Poisson para determinar la relación entre sarcopenia y mortalidad intrahospitalaria y EHP mediante riesgos relativos (RR). Resultados: el 49,4% de participantes presentó sarcopenia, el 12,3% falleció y el 32,5% tuvo una EHP. El análisis crudo mostró asociación entre sarcopenia y mortalidad intrahospitalaria (RR 4,69; IC 95%: 1,62-13,10; p=0,004). Sin embargo, al realizar el análisis ajustado se la perdió significancia (p=0,097). No se encontró asociación entre sarcopenia y EHP (p=0,673). Conclusión: la sarcopenia afecta a una gran proporción de adultos mayoreshospitalizados y podría asociarse a un mayor riesgo de muerte durante la hospitalización. No se encontró asociación entre sarcopenia y EHP.
Enhancing High-concentrated Wastewater Quality on Evaporation Rate from Five-Consecutive Oxidation Ponds as Located in Phetchaburi, Southerly Thailand
Authors: Maskulrath Parkin , Bualert Surat , Chunkao Kasem , Jinjaruk Thanawat , Pattamapitoon Thanit , Wararam Watcharapong , Szymanski Wladyslaw W.
Published: January 2021

This research aimed to examine the environmental factors determining the rates of evaporation, a natural phenomenon contributing to the treatment of wastewater of 5-consecutive oxidation ponds of the King’s Royally Initiated Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Development Project. Data collected from the 17th of April to 30th of May 2019 by US Class A Evaporation Pan revealed that the sedimentation pond (Pond 1) has the highest rate, 7.22 mm d-1, the oxidation pond 1 (Pond 2), 5.70 mm d-1, the oxidation pond 3 (Pond 4), 5.56 mm d-1, the stabilization pond (Pond 5), mm d-1, the reference pond at 5.07 mm d-1 and the oxidation pond 2 (Pond 3), 3.59 mm d-1. Concluding the evaporation in domestic wastewater treatment plants is characterized by 1) heat generated from short and long wave radiation emitted by earth and the sun, 2) local wind profiles of the area affected the height differences of the roughness length, and 3) heat generated by the respiration and digestion process of microbial activities and other grey body contaminants. Presenting the day and night variations made for the analysis, the day evaporation was significantly higher resulted by the net radiation were accountable. Wind profile generated from the measurement of speeds and directions at two different sites at 3 and 10 m has explained for the roughness length heights over each pond as lower roughness height have cause the increased in the rates of evaporation in Pond 4 and 5 however, these process were also suppressed by high ionic bonding molecules effected suggested by the high TDS and EC values. The vertical temperature profile has conveyed the movement in the heat flux that dominated an upward flux movement in Pond 1. This is the exothermic reaction from the digestion process have suggested that extra heat has been added.