bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Arden Guide to Renaissance Drama
Authors: Charry Brinda
Published: October 2020

The Arden Guide to Renaissance Drama is a single critical and contextual resource for students embarking on an in-depth exploration of early modern drama, providing both critical insight and accessible contextual information. This companion equips students with the information needed to situate the plays in their socio-political, intellectual and literary contexts. Divided into two parts, it introduces students to the major authors and significant dramatic texts of the period and emphasises the importance of both a historicist and close-reading approach to better engage with these works.

The Guide offers:
primary texts from key early modern scholars such as Machiavelli, Heywood and Sidneycontextual information vital to a full understanding of the drama of the periodclose readings of 14 of the most widely studied play texts by Shakespeare and his contemporariesa single resource to accompany any study of early modern drama

This is an ideal companion for students of Renaissance drama, offering students and teachers a range of primary contextual sources to illuminate their understanding alongside close critical readings of the major plays of the period.
Shakespeare and Early Modern Drama
Authors: Bickley Pamela , Stevens Jenny
Published: October 2020

Where does Shakespeare fit into the drama of his day? Getting to know the work of Shakespeare’s contemporaries offers an insight into Elizabethan and Jacobean preoccupations and the theatrical climate of the early modern period. This book provides an essential overview of some major dramatic works from their stage origins to today’s screen productions.

Each chapter includes:
a detailed analysis of a play by Shakespeare considered alongside a key work by one other significant playwright of the day (including The Merchant of Venice, Volpone, The Spanish Tragedy, Titus Andronicus, Othello, The Changeling, Romeo and Juliet, The Duchess of Malfi, Measure for Measure, 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, The Taming of the Shrew, The Tragedy of Mariam, Doctor Faustus and Hamlet)close reading of the textdiscussion of early modern theatrical practicesa focus on one ground-breaking example of early modern drama on screensuggestions for links with other early modern texts and further reading

This book provides a route map to the very latest developments in early modern drama studies, fostering confident and independent thinking, making it an ideal introduction for students of Shakespeare and his contemporaries.
Aerosol type classification analysis using EARLINET multiwavelength and depolarization lidar observations
Authors: Mylonaki Maria , Giannakaki Elina , Papayannis Alexandros , Papanikolaou Christina-Anna , Komppula Mika , Nicolae Doina , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Amodeo Aldo , Baars Holger , Soupiona Ourania
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We introduce an automated aerosol type classification method, called Source Classification ANalysis (SCAN). SCAN is based on predefined and characterized aerosol source regions, the time that the air parcel spends above each geographical region and a number of additional criteria. The output of SCAN is compared with two independent aerosol classification methods, which use the intensive optical parameters from lidar data: (1) Mahalanobis distance automatic aerosol type classification (MD) and (2) Neural Network Aerosol Typing Algorithm (NATALI). In this paper, data from the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) have been used. A total of 97 free tropospheric (FT) aerosol layers from 4 typical EARLINET stations (i.e., Bucharest, Kuopio, Leipzig and Potenza) in the period 2014–2018 were classified based on a 3β+2α+1δ lidar configuration. We found that SCAN, being an optical property independent method, is not affected by the overlapping optical values of different aerosol types. Furthermore, SCAN has no limitations concerning its ability to classify different aerosol mixtures. Additionally, it is a valuable tool to classify aerosol layers, based on even to single (elastic) lidar signals, in case of lidar stations which cannot provide a full data set (3β+2α+1δ) of aerosol optical properties, therefore it can work independently of the capabilities of a lidar system. Finally, our results show that NATALI has the lower percentage of unclassified layers (4 %), while MD has the percentage of unclassified layers (50 %) and the lower percentage of cases classified as aerosol mixtures (5 %).
Study of second-order wind statistics in the mesosphere and lower
thermosphere region from multistatic specular meteor radar
observations during the SIMONe 2018 campaign
Authors: Charuvil Asokan Harikrishnan , Chau Jorge L. , Marino Raffaele , Vierinen Juha , Vargas Fabio , Urco Juan Miguel , Clahsen Matthias , Jacobi Christoph
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In recent years, multistatic specular meteor radars (SMRs) have been introduced to study the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) dynamics. In this paper, the statistics of mesoscale MLT power spectra are explored through observations from a campaign using the SIMONe (Spread-spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network) approach conducted in northern Germany in 2018 (hereafter SIMONe 2018). The seven-day SIMONe 2018 comprised of fourteen multistatic SMR links and allows to build a substantial database of specular meteor trail events, collecting more than one hundred thousand detections per day within a geographic area of ~ 500 km x 500 km. The two methods we propose to obtain the power spectra in frequency range are (1) Wind field Correlation Function Inversion (WCFI), which utilizes two-point correlations of specular meteor observations, and (2) Mean Wind Estimation (MWE), which determines the MLT winds and gradients from specular meteor observations. Monte Carlo simulations of a gravity wave spectral model were implemented to validate and compare both methods. The simulation analyses suggest that the WCFI is the viable option among them to study the second-order statistics of the MLT winds that helps to capture the energy of small-scale wind fluctuations. Characterization of the spectral slope at different MLT altitudes has been conducted on the SIMONe 2018, and it provides evidence that gravity waves with periods smaller than seven hours and greater than two hours are dominated by waves with horizontal wavelength significantly larger than 500 km, which might be associated to secondary gravity waves. We believe that the presented methods can help us bridge the observational gap between large and small-scale mesospheric wind fluctuations and also improve the capabilities of SMRs.
UNEXUP: robot-based exploration technology for underground flooded mines
Authors: Pinto Márcio Tameirão , Žibret Gorazd , Lopes Luís , Bodo Balazs , Zajzon Norbert
Published: October 2020

Abstract. UNEXUP is a direct continuation of the UNEXMIN project.
In UNEXMIN efforts were made towards the design, development and testing of
a robotic exploration technology for underground flooded mines, with
navigational and geoscientific instruments. In UNEXUP the main goal is to
raise commercial interest and improve the system's hardware, software and
capabilities. The UX-1 NEO, to be developed and tested in 2020, will address
the limitations detected during UNEXMIN field missions, and will meet the
needs and requirements from mining companies, geological surveys and other
potential customers. In addition, a new robot will be built and added to the
system, to be ready in 2021, which will open further mineral exploration
possibilities.
El sujeto bajo la piel:
Authors: Cabello Padial Gabriel
Published: October 2020

Partiendo del uso que en ocasiones Slavoj Žižek hace de las Quince tesis sobre el Arte Contemporáneo de Badiou, el presente artículo se plantea la homología existente entre el acto verdaderamente ético y la operación sustractiva del arte moderno, como polos práctico y sensible de un mismo movimiento: el que confluye con la crítica de la ideología allí donde esta se toca con la acción. Tras describir los gestos de Bartleby y Malevich como operaciones (anti) ideológicas capaces de abrir un espacio donde “solo un lugar tendrá lugar”, ubicamos el papel de la pantalla de cine, entre la percepción y la imaginación, como moduladora del deseo y espacio para la interpelación. Tomando la violencia como hilo conductor, mostramos la posibilidad, frente al formalismo que acompaña al lacano-hegelianismo de Žižek, de dar cuenta de diferentes momentos en la historia de ese efecto pantalla. La comparación entre dos obras de Delacroix y Jeff Wall nos permitirá mostrar una mutación que envuelve y reubica a la pantalla explícita del cine.
El acontecimiento de la inversión dialéctica
Authors: Pérez Berta M.
Published: October 2020

La metafísica de Žižek es hegeliana, por encima de todo, porque entiende la inversión dialéctica como el núcleo real de la realidad. Por ello, para comprender su pensamiento es necesario aclarar su manera de entender esta inversión, esto es, el encuentro que, según Hegel, tiene lugar entre “sustancia” y “sujeto” y, en general, entre los extremos de las oposiciones que estructuran la realidad. Para Žižek lo propio de la posición hegeliana es localizar este encuentro en la falta de coincidencia de cada opuesto consigo mismo. La íntima inconsistencia de cada posición o identidad, su propia negatividad, constituye lo más originario de ellas y, a la vez, lo que las vincula a su otro en la forma del conflicto. Pero la negatividad es originariamente autorreflexiva, es decir, se niega y encubre a sí misma en cada posición, identidad o conflicto determinado, de modo que éstos se revelan inevitablemente “ideológicos”. Este ensayo trata de mostrar en qué sentido esta interpretación ilumina la inversión dialéctica como acontecimiento. Se explica en primer lugar que, así pensada, esta inversión exige la subversión del tiempo (lineal) o, más concretamente, la comprensión de la verdad del tiempo como la subversión de sí mismo. En la medida en que, en la inversión, sustancia y sujeto sólo coinciden con su otro en su más interno desajuste, se pone al descubierto que ambos se preceden mutuamente: que la sustancia ya siempre se mira a través del sujeto que, por tanto, la precede, pero que, en la misma medida, la mirada del sujeto está siempre limitada por un punto ciego que testimonia que, paradójicamente, la sustancia precede también a esa mirada. Es por esto por lo que en el (des-)encuentro dialéctico de los opuestos el “antes” y el “después” del tiempo se va a pique y lo nuevo puede emerger verdaderamente. En segundo lugar, el trabajo explica la especificidad de la subversión que lleva a cabo el punto de vista dialéctico: al retrotraer la identidad de las posiciones al acontecimiento, las desenmascara en su carácter ideológico a la vez que las comprende a partir del necesario encubrirse de la negación. Se confirma así que el pensamiento dialéctico sólo supera una posición, y el conflicto que le corresponde, en la medida en que afirma el conflicto como lo originario, y que, lejos de pretender situarse en un terrero exterior al antagonismo y la ideología, se sabe siempre como parte comprometida.
Café sin leche, Escuela sin concepto: rasgos, operaciones y lecturas en la Escuela eslovena
Authors: Gómez Camarena Carlos Guillermo , Aguilar Alcalá Sergio
Published: October 2020

El siguiente artículo presenta un panorama más amplio de la filosofía de Slavoj Žižek, mostrando que es parte de un grupo más amplio que denominamos “Escuela eslovena”. Es así que el artículo está compuesto por dos partes. La primera dedicada a mostrar el contexto histórico de emergencia de la Escuela eslovena. La segunda parte sostiene dos tesis: 1) hay una Escuela eslovena como sujeto impersonal que implica que leer a uno de sus miembros hace más comprensible a otro; y, 2) a pesar de que no encontramos conceptos propios de esta Escuela es posible encontrar rasgos, operaciones y lecturas en común entre ellos.
Where Is the Rift? Marx, Lacan, Capitalism, and Ecology
Authors: Žižek Slavoj
Published: October 2020

In this article it is proposed that the Hegelian dialectical matrix thus serves as the model of the logic of the capital as well as the model of its revolutionary overcoming. Therefore, the fundamental question arises: Which mode of relating to Hegel should an ecologically-oriented Marxism assume today? The Hegelian idealist speculation does not imply an absolute appropriation of nature –in contrast to productive appropriation, speculation lets its Other be, it doesn’t intervene into its Other.
Sentido y Propósito de la Violencia Escolar. Análisis Estructural del Discurso de Estudiantes Agresivos del Nivel Socioeconómico Alto
Authors: García Mauricio , Madriaza Pablo
Published: October 2020

Frecuentemente la violencia es asociada con los sectores más desposeídos de la sociedad. La violencia escolar no escapa a estas representaciones: suele asociarse a barrios marginales y escuelas pobres, dejando fuera de la comprensión, muchas de las formas violentas que emergen en otros segmentos socioeconómicos, especialmente los más acomodados. No obstante los recientes hechos en nuestro país, dan muestras suficientes para abordar el tema desde una perspectiva comprensiva. Se puede pensar fácilmente en una violencia del individuo marginal y pobre, como una violencia contestaría; no obstante, esta idea no es fácil de llevar al contexto de las clases sociales más pudientes. Si en estas clases sociales, la realidad material no se plantea como un problema, entonces la pregunta acerca del sentido de la violencia escolar se plantea aún con más fuerza. La siguiente investigación es el resultado del análisis cualitativo estructural del discurso de un grupo de jóvenes de nivel socioeconómico alto de enseñanza media, que fueron considerados por sus instituciones educativas como violentos o agresivos.
Ensayo de Aplicación práctica, el Test Informatizado de Memoria Memopoc
Authors: Schade Nieves , Hernández Pilar , Elgueta Bárbara
Published: October 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la implementación informatizada de un testconvencional. Específicamente mediante un modelo estadístico descriptivo se realizó una aplicación piloto de una prueba para evaluar memoria: MEMOPOC, con el fin de determinar la aplicabilidad del instrumento en formato computacional. Se evaluaron dos aspectos: los técnicos y formales del instrumento La muestra estuvo constituida por 36 niños, que cursaban de kinder a Cuarto Básico, de un colegio municipalizado de la comuna de Concepción. Los resultados indican que hay algunas falencias técnicas necesarias de corregir y a su vez muestra los beneficios que significó el cambio del test a un sistema computarizado. La discusión esta en base a las proyecciones del test y los aportes de los test informatizados en la evaluación psicométrica.
Comentario de libros
Authors: Garay M. Verónica
Published: October 2020

Libro : “Psicobiografía de Pablo Neruda (Identidad Psicosocial y Creación Poética)”Autor : Luis Rubilar S. Editorial : Universidad de Santiago de Chile/Instituto de Estudios Avanzados. Ciudad : Santiago de Chile 2003
Strengthening of James Smith Ltd Cuba Street, Wellington
Authors: Munro D. J.
Published: October 2020

The building requiring strengthening was one of a complex of five which make up the James Smith Ltd retail site in Wellington. It was constructed around  1908 of solid masonry walls with timber floor and roof framing supported on steel beams and cast iron columns on concrete foundations. The building is five  storeys in height and is located on the corner of Cuba and Manners Street covering a total plan area of 620 sq metres. The building also has a basement which extends some 3 metres below pavement level.

Flooring is tongue and groove timber with a flat timber sarked roof.

As the other buildings in the complex were constructed around it the eastern boundary wall of the Winders building was demolished and its steel floor beams tied through to the new steel framed structures which had reinforced concrete floors, and the north boundary wall up to third floor level had large openings created in it. The facade walls have openings over about 25% of the projected elevation area with the windows being formed by arched brickwork.

When the building alongside was constructed in 1934 the parapet was modified to match the new facade adjacent, and following the 1942 earthquake when a significant degree of cracking was noted, a series of reinforced concrete horizontal bands and vertical straps was installed to secure the facade against face loading. There were also reinforced concrete bands placed on the remaining north masonry wall.

Apart from this damage which had been attended to and other maintenance matters the building was generally in good heart with little sign of settlement or distress.
Histology results of systematic prostate biopsies by in-bore magnetic resonance imaging vs. transrectal ultrasound
Authors: Lazarovich Alon , Raviv Gil , Laitman Yael , Portnoy Orith , Raz Orit , Dotan Zohar A. , Ramon Jacob , Rosenzweig Barak
Published: October 2020

Introduction: We aimed to compare systematic biopsies (SBs) of in-bore magnetic resonance-guided prostate biopsy (MRGpB) with those performed under transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance in the clinical setting.

Methods: Data on all 161 consecutive patients undergoing prostate biopsy in our institution between November 2017 and July 2019 were retrospectively collected. The patients were referred to biopsy due to elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and/or abnormal digital rectal examination and/or at least one Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) lesion score of ≥3 on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). We included patients with PSA levels ≤20 ng/ml and those with 8–12 core biopsies. Histology results of SBs performed by in-bore MRGpB were compared to TRUS SBs. Chi-squared, Fischer’s exact, and multivariate Pearson regression tests were used for statistical analysis (SPSS, IBM Corporation).

Results: In total, 128 patients were eligible for analysis. Their median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] 61.5–72), mean prostate size 55±29 cc, and mean PSA and PSA density levels 7.6±3.5 ng/ml and 0.18±0.13 ng/ml/cc, respectively. Thirty-five patients (27.3%) had suspicious digital rectal examination findings. Both biopsy groups were similar for these parameters. Thirty-eight (62.3%) MRGpB patients had a previous biopsy vs. 5 (7.1%) TRUS-SB patients (p<0.0001). The number of patients diagnosed with clinically significant and non-significant disease was similar for both groups. High-risk disease was more prevalent in the TRUS-SB group (22.4% vs. 4.9%, p<0.01).

Conclusions: Our data suggest that in-bore MRGpB is no better than TRUS for guiding SBs for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
Attitudes and experience of urology trainees in interpreting prostate magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Rodrigues Craig , Visram Kash , Sedghi Alireza , Mousavi Parvin , Siemens D. Robert
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has resulted in accurate prostate cancer localization and image-guided targeted sampling for biopsy. Despite its more recent uptake, knowledge gaps in interpretation and reporting exist. Our objective was to determine the need for an educational intervention among urology residents working with mpMRIs.

Methods: We administered an anonymous, cross-sectional, self-report questionnaire to a convenience sample of urology residents in U.S. and Canadian training programs. The survey included both open- and closed-ended questions employing a five-point Likert scale. It was designed to assess familiarity, exposure, experience, and comfort with interpretation of mpMRI.

Results: Fifty-three surveys were completed by residents in postgraduate years (PGY) 1–5 and of these, only 12 (23%) reported any formal training in mpMRI interpretation. Most residents’ responses demonstrated significant experience with prostate biopsies, as well as familiarity with reviewing mpMRI for these patients. However, mean (± standard deviation) Likert responses suggested a relatively poor understanding the components of Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2 scoring for T2 weighted films (2.45±1.01), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) films (2.26±0.90), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) films (2.21±0.99). Similar disagreement scores were observed for questions around interpretation of the different functional techniques of MRI images. Residents reported strong interest (4.21±0.91) in learning opportunities to enhance their ability to interpret mpMRI.

Conclusions: While mpMRI of the prostate is a tool frequently used by care teams in teaching centers to identify suspicious prostate cancer lesions, there remain knowledge gaps in the ability of trainees to interpret images and understand PI-RADS v2 scoring. Online modules were suggested to balance the needs of trainee education with the residency workflow.
Location of residence and mortality for patients diagnosed with Fournier’s gangrene
Authors: Wong Rachel , Blachman-Braun Ruben , Mann Uday , Eng Amanda , Lother Sylvain , Patel Premal
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is a necrotizing infection of the genitalia. Time from to surgical intervention is a critical determinant of prognosis. We sought to investigate whether patients from rural locations have worse clinical outcomes given distance from a tertiary center.

Methods: The Manitoba Intensive Care Unit (ICU) registry includes patients who have been admitted into ICUs across Manitoba. We identified patients admitted with FG from February 1999 to October 2019. Age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), presence of colostomy and scrotal debridement, length of stay (LOS), and mortality outcomes were obtained. Patients were categorized as being rural or urban.

Results: From 1999–2019, a total of 79 patients were admitted with FG. The median age was 60 years [interquartile range [IQR] 48–67). The mortality rate during hospitalization was 16.5%. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of deaths for patients from urban vs. rural dwellings (9/47 [19.1%] vs. 4/32 [12.5%], p=0.434]. A comparison of the 66 (83.5%) patients that survived and the 13 (16.5%) that died during ICU hospitalization demonstrated no difference in age, gender, CCI, presence of colostomy, and rates of scrotal re-debridement (p>0.05). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that living in a rural area was not associated with increased mortality (odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 00.16–2.57, p=0.527).

Conclusions: Location of residence was not predictive of death from FG. In addition, baseline characteristics such as age, gender, CCI, surgical interventions, or LOS were not found to be associated with mortality.
Urethrovaginal fistula repair with or without concurrent fascial sling placement: A retrospective review
Authors: Neu Sarah , Locke Jennifer , Goldenberg Mitchell , Herschorn Sender
Published: October 2020

Introduction: We sought to review outcomes of urethrovaginal fistula (UVF) repair, with or without concurrent fascial sling placement.

Methods: All patients diagnosed with UVF at our center from 1988–2017 were included in this study. Patient charts were reviewed from a prospectively kept fistula database, and patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were described. Descriptive statistics were applied to compare complication rates between patients with or without fascial sling placement at the time of UVF repair.

Results: A total of 41 cases of UVF were identified, all of which underwent surgical repair. Median age at diagnosis was 49 years (interquartile range [IQR] 35–62). All patients had undergone pelvic surgery. UVF etiology was secondary to stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery in 17 patients (41%) and urethral diverticulum repair in seven patients (17%). The most common presenting symptom was continuous incontinence in 19 patients (46%). Nineteen patients had a fascial sling placed at the time of surgery (46%), with no significant difference in complication rates (26% vs. 23%, p=0.79). Two patients had Clavien-Dindo grade I complications (5%) and one had a grade III complication (2%). Four patients had long-term complications (10%), including urinary retention, chronic pain, and urethral stricture. Two patients had UVF recurrence (5%). Median followup after surgery was 21 months (IQR 4–72).

Conclusions: UVF should be suspected in patients with continuous incontinence following a surgical procedure. Most UVF surgical repairs are successful and can be done with concurrent placement of a fascial sling.
Transcendency of conceptual framework: some reflections on the non-translatability of Latin epic poetry
Authors: Kliszcz Aneta , Komorowska Joanna
Published: October 2020

The essay explores questions related to the intrinsic elusiveness of intertextual dimensions
of Latin imperial poety. Starting with the existing Polish translations of imperial epic poets (Lucan, Silius, Statius) it considers the relationship of thir opening verses to the iconic Arma virumque cano…
of Virgil’s Aeneid thus unveiling the massive semantic and poetic losses suffered by the target text,
as its newfound independence results in the loss of an essential and purposeful connection with
the ‘master poem’.
The Metaphysical Canon in Poetry:
on Cristina Campo’s Translation Activity
Authors: Ślarzyńska Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

The article focuses on Cristina Campo’s poetry translations in the context of her literary choices
infl uenced by her predilection to metaphysical literature. The category of metaphysical literature can
be understood, fi rst of all, as related to metaphysical English poets like John Donne, George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, and Henry Vaughan. Metaphysical were also those authors whose writings
defi ed the categories of space and time, and transcended the temporal and geographical limits.
One of the greatest Campo’s fascinations from that perspective was the poetry of William Carlos
Williams, as well as other authors that entered in her category of imperdonabili. Campo’s translational activity followed a well-delineated path related strictly to her metaphysical inclinations and
manifested certain traits of the tendency to establish the personalized canon of real and worthwhile
literature that at the same time opposed the mainstream literary choices of that time
Effect of air temperature and humidity in a stable on basic physiological parameters in horses
Authors: Janczarek Iwona , Wilk Izabela , Wiśniewska Anna , Kusy Roland , Cikacz Katarzyna , Frątczak Martyna , Wójcik Przemysław
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to analyse selected air parameters in a stable (microclimate) and the basic physiological parameters of horses housed in the stable in different seasons of the year. The research material was 12 adult hot-blooded horses kept in a brick stable with stalls. Air parameters in the stable (temperature in the passageway, temperature in the stall at two points, relative humidity in the passageway, and relative humidity in the stall at two points) were determined four times in one year, in summer, autumn, winter and spring. Measurements were made with a Bluetooth BLE-LOGGER LB-518 battery-operated cordless thermo-hygrometer at 12 noon at five points in the stable located 300 cm apart. Physiological parameters of the horses, i.e. internal body temperature (Veterinär SC 12 veterinary thermometer), heart rate (Polar ELECTRO OY RS800CX with PolarProTrainer 5.0. software), and respiratory rate (with a manual stopwatch) were measured at 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. on each day of the study.
The season of the year was found to have a significant influence on the microclimate of the stable. To ensure optimal air humidity, airing of the stable should be limited only in winter and periodically in autumn. It is also worth emphasizing that the stable microclimate has a marked effect on the basic physiological parameters of horses. High temperature and relative humidity in the stable can cause unfavourable changes in the form of an increase in evening body temperature in the summer and a decrease in the winter. The remaining parameters, i.e. heart rate and respiratory rate, can also unfavourably increase, mainly in the summer. Horses should have fewer problems maintaining normal physiological parameters in winter, even fewer in autumn, and the fewest in spring.
AlGaInAs/InP Based Five & Three Quantum Wells Mode Locked Laser Diodes: A Comparative Study
Authors: Akbar Jehan , Hanif Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad Azhar , Abid Kamran
Published: October 2020

Comparison of performance of semiconductor mode-locked laser diodes fabricated using AlGaInAs/InP material containing 5 and 3 quantum wells (QWs) inside the active region is reported. The simulations and experimental results show that lasers containing five QWs materials produce larger beam divergence and temporally broader optical pulses. For improvement in the mode-locking of lasers and reducing the far-field pattern, the number of QWs inside the active region was decreased from five to three and a far-field decreasing layer along with a thick spacer layer were introduced in the n-cladding region of epitaxial material. Before growing the material, simulations were carried out to optimise the design. The lower optical confinement factor and higher gain saturation energy of three QWs based mode-locked lasers provide higher average and peak output power, reduced and symmetric far-field pattern, better radio frequency (RF) spectra, shorter optical pulses, and stable optimal mode-locking for a wide range of gain current and saturable absorber reverse voltage.
Cryptocurrency-Related Cybercrimes in Ukraine
Authors: Ivaniuk Viktoriia , Banakh Serhiy
Published: October 2020

Cybercrime, including cryptocurrency-related cybercrime, has become widespread in recent years. Despite a thorough study of cybercrime issues, there is still no legislative position on the legal regulation of cryptocurrencies and the responsibility for cryptocurrency-related cybercrime in Ukraine. The authors classify and characterize all cryptocurrency-related cybercrimes into five groups. In view of the spread of cryptocurrency-related cybercrimes, the EU’s counteraction measures have been analyzed. Ways to prevent and counteract to cryptocurrency-related cybercrimes in Ukraine are suggested.
Occupational Classes, Information Technologies, and the Wage
Authors: Day Ronald E.
Published: October 2020

Occupational classifications mix epistemic and social notions of class in interesting ways that show not only the descriptive but also the prescriptive uses of documentality. In this paper, I would like to discuss how occupational classes have shifted from being a priori to being a posteriori documentary devices for both describing and prescribing labor. Post-coordinate indexing and algorithmic documentary systems must be viewed within post-Fordist constructions of identity and capitalism’s construction of social sense by the wage if we are to have a better understanding of digital labor. In post-Fordist environments, documentation and its information technologies are not simply descriptive tools but are at the center of struggles of capital’s prescription and direction of labor. Just like earlier documentary devices but even more prescriptively and socially internalized, information technology is not just a tool for users but rather is a device in the construction of such users and what they use (and are used by) at the level of their very being.
L'état de droit sacrifié sur l'autel de l'urgence sanitaire?
Authors: Citeroni Nicole , Jolly Loren
Published: October 2020

Der durch die Ausbreitung von Covid 19 hervorgerufene internationale Gesundheitsnotstand ist ohne Beispiel. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die juristische Herangehensweise Frankreichs und Italiens im Umgang mit der epidemiologischen Krise, die sowohl die Gesundheit der Bürger als auch den Rechtsstaat bedroht, zu vergleichen. Nachdem die Regime der beiden Staaten zum Umgang mit Ausnahmezuständen unterschiedlicher Art, menschengemachte Notsituationen, wie terroristische Angriffe oder kriegerische Auseinandersetzungen, ebenso wie Naturkatastrophen, ins Gedächtnis gerufen wurden, wird in einem ersten Teil die Wahl der Rechtsgrundlage des aktuellen Gesundheitsnotstands analysiert. Als Zweites geht der Beitrag auf die Maßnahmen der Exekutive zur Bekämpfung der Ausbreitung der Pandemie ein, insbesondere die Ausgangsbeschränkungen und die vorgesehenen Sanktionen im Falle ihrer Verletzung. Da die französische und italienische Regierung eine führende Rolle bei der Bekämpfung von Covid 19 spielen, werden die unterschiedlichen Arten zur Kontrolle der Exekutive im dritten Teil in Augenschein genommen. Zum Schluss bietet der Beitrag einen Überblick über die möglichen Konsequenzen der aktuellen Gesundheitskrise nach Covid 19, um mit der Erkenntnis zu schließen, dass das Recht in einer Ausnahmesituation wie der gegenwärtigen in der Lage sein muss, den neuen Herausforderungen durch das Virus zu begegnen, ohne dass dadurch seine fundamentalen Prinzipien in Frage gestellt werden.
Apheresis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence
Authors: Vasile Balaban Daniel , Jinga Mariana
Published: October 2020

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have become a major focus for gastroenterologists worldwide, with the increasing incidence and complexity of cases, which pose therapeutic challenges. Currently available approaches fail in controlling the disease activity in a significant proportion of patients and some of the therapies are associated with significant adverse events. Although new molecules are on the horizon and treatment strategies have been optimized, novel therapeutic tools are much needed in IBD for patients who fail to attain control of the disease. Apheresis is now a common non-pharmacological therapeutic modality used in several pathologies, IBD also. In the current review, we summarize currently available evidence with respect to selective apheresis in IBD.
Colorectal Cancer in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Le Ngoan , Viet Dao Hang
Published: October 2020

In this chapter, we focus on the up-to-date status of colorectal cancer occurrence in an Asian country with nearly 100 million in population. Protective and risk factors, time trend of colorectal cancer from 2005 to 2018 will be presented. Perspective of colorectal cancer prevention and research will be highlighted. Data will be derived and based out of current running research projects of prospective cohort study, case-control study, and population-based mortality registration in Vietnam from 2005 to 2020. The association colorectal cancer with lifestyle, diet, cooking methods, demographic factors is taken into analysis. Time trend, colorectal cancer survival, mortality will be presented.
Image-Guided Ablative Therapies for Lung Tumors
Authors: W.Y. Chan Joyce , W.H. Lau Rainbow , S.H. Ng Calvin
Published: October 2020

While the gold standard for early stage lung cancers is still surgical resection, many patients have comorbidities or suboptimal lung function making surgery unfavorable. At the same time, more and more small lung nodules are being incidentally discovered on computer tomography (CT), leading to the discovery of pre-malignant or very early stage lung cancers without regional spread, which could probably be eradicated without anatomical surgical resection. Various ablative energies and technologies are available on the market, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation, and less commonly laser ablation and irreversible electroporation. For each technology, the mechanism of action, advantages, limitations, potential complications and evidence-based outcomes will be reviewed. Traditionally, these ablative therapies were done under CT guidance with percutaneous insertion of ablative probes. Recently, bronchoscopic ablation under ultrasound, CT, or electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy guidance is gaining popularity due to improved navigation precision, reduced pleural-based complications, and providing a true “wound-less” option.
Eosinophils as a Biomarker in Asthma and COPD
Authors: Carlos Herrera Garcia Jose
Published: October 2020

Asthma and COPD are two diseases related to eosinophils. But at present, we do not know with certainty how much these cells participate in these diseases, beyond that the treatment of the underlying cause produces the resolution of eosinophilia in a “reactive” way. Eosinophil-related diseases are a spectrum of systemic diseases such as Asthma and COPD in pneumology area. Under inflammatory conditions, the number of circulating eosinophils or tissues can increase dramatically, with rapid development of eosinophilia and we can obtain in a simple laboratory test. In general, the number of eosinophils in the blood can provide useful information and considering the differential diagnosis and for the subsequent test of patients presenting with eosinophilia. The treatment of eosinophilia currently in number of 300 cells in which is the criteria and the target to be treat. The best known and most used of all treatments for diseases related to eosinophils are corticosteroids, which decrease circulating and tissue eosinophils in a few hours, through mechanisms that include the direct activation of eosinophil program death. Targeted treatment against eosinophils could improve airway remodeling through mechanisms that are not fully known, and their effects on lung function are variable and decreasing symptoms in patients.
Gen Y: Emotions and Functions of Smartphone Use for Tourist Purposes
Authors: Martínez-Sala Alba-María , Campillo-Alhama Concepción , Ramos-Soler Irene
Published: October 2020

Smartphones have revolutionized the tourism industry due to their ability to create and improve the tourist experience, mostly among young users, especially those belonging to the Generation Y (Gen Y). Millennials, as the Generation Y is often referred to, stand out for their ability to travel more frequently and for longer periods, as well as for their often-addictive use of smartphones. Despite nomophobia is not a recent phenomenon, there are few research works on information and communication technologies and tourism that address the effects of smartphone use on the tourist experience. The objective of this exploratory study is to describe the feelings Gen Y experiences as a result of use smartphones during their travels, their tourism functionality, and the relationship between the two. The study is based on the application of an online survey to a representative sample. The results confirm the problems associated with smartphone use, especially among young people (16–19) and the existence of a correlation between smartphone use for tourist purposes and a positive travel experience. It has confirmed that they experience negative feelings and emotions. The study presents crucial information that destination marketing organizations can use to successfully integrate smartphones into their digital marketing and communication strategies.
Y-Site Compatibility of Medications with Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Robinson Christine A. , Lee Jaclyn E.
Published: October 2020

Providing parenteral nutrition to pediatric patients requiring various other intravenous products can be challenging. Evaluation of compatibility is essential; however, information is limited and sometimes conflicting. We strove to critically evaluate and present the available published data as a comprehensive and practical reference. To accomplish this, we weighed the strength of evidence supporting compatibility versus incompatibility and provided specific conditions affecting compatibility, where appropriate. Many commonly used medications in pediatric patients have consistently demonstrated Y-site compatibility with parenteral nutrition and may be safely administered simultaneously. Exceptions must be noted and these medications should preferentially be administered through a separate line, if available, or the same line may be used only after stopping the parenteral nutrition infusion and flushing the line before and after drug administration.
Drug Dosing During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies
Authors: Thompson A. Jill
Published: October 2020

Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) are used to manage fluid overload and/or renal failure. The continuous nature of the fluid and solute removal has less impact on hemodynamic variables in critically ill patients, making CRRT preferred over intermittent hemodialysis for some patients in the intensive care arena. The impact of CRRT on drug removal is variable depending on the CRRT modality, the ultrafiltrate and dialysate flow rates, the filter, and the patient's residual renal function; all of these may change from patient to patient or even in the same patient depending on the clinical status. However, CRRT modalities are generally more efficient than intermittent hemodialysis at drug removal, in some cases approximating or even exceeding normal renal function, resulting in a significant risk of subtherapeutic dosing if conventional hemodialysis dosing recommendations are followed. This annotated bibliography provides a summary of publications analyzing drug removal during CRRT, including CRRT settings and drug clearance values found in each study. Caution is warranted as findings from one study may not be generalizable to all patients due to the many factors that influence drug removal. Serum drug concentrations should be monitored when available, and patient clinical status is exceedingly important for following expected and unexpected responses to drug therapies. Reviews on general drug dosing calculations in CRRT are available elsewhere.
A Review of Clinical Experience with Newer Antifungals in Children
Authors: Fallon Renee M. , Girotto Jennifer E.
Published: October 2020

Fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. Since the beginning of the 21st century, many new antifungals including the echinocandins (i.e., caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) and the newer generation triazoles (i.e., voriconazole and posaconazole) have received Food and Drug Administration approval. Unfortunately, despite making great strides in the adult arena, these agents are not currently approved in the pediatric population. However, pharmacokinetic data and clinical experiences with these agents in infants, children, and adolescents are mounting. As such, this review will discuss key concepts in pediatric pharmacology and clinical use of these newer antifungal agents.
Extrinsic Iron Staining in Infant Teeth from Iron-Fortified Formula and Rice Cereal
Authors: Adcock Kim G. , Hogan Shirley M.
Published: October 2020

Extrinsic staining of teeth due to excessive iron intake has been reported previously in the literature. We describe a 7-month-old infant who presented with extrinsic teeth staining due to inadvertent over consumption of dietary iron. The infant was fed iron-fortified formula and rice cereal. Rice cereal, fortified with iron, was being used as part of a normal infant diet and as a thickening agent when added to the formula for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. After several months of administration, “blackening” of the infant's teeth was noted by the mother. The stain was removed by the pediatric dentist who simply scraped the affected teeth. No further staining occurred after the amount of dietary iron was reduced.
Recombinant Factor VIIa for Bleeding in Non-hemophiliac Pediatric Patients
Authors: Oen Elizabeth M. , Doan Kathleen A. , Knoderer Chad A. , Knoderer Holly M.
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) for the treatment of bleeding in nonhemophiliac children.

METHODS This was a retrospective chart review of all patients < 18 years of age who received rFVIIa over a 2 year period.

RESULTS Twenty-four pediatric patients received a total of 240 doses of rFVIIa for treatment of bleeding. Recombinant factor VIIa was effective in achieving bleeding resolution in 54% of patients. The mean age of patients in the bleeding non-resolution versus resolution group was 50% younger (5.5 vs. 10.3 years, P = 0.104).

CONCLUSIONS Bleeding resolution can be achieved with recombinant factor VIIa using similar doses to those recommended for children with hemophilia. Widespread use of rFVIIa for bleeding in children without hemophilia is not warranted given this efficacy data. Further safety studies are needed with rFVIIa in this population to clarify thrombotic risks.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Eiland Lea S.
Published: October 2020

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common virus that infects children and adults; however, children younger than two years of age tend to develop more serious respiratory symptoms. RSV is responsible for thousands of outpatient visits (e.g., emergency room/primary care physician), hospitalizations and can result in death. Treatment is primarily supportive care and the illness resolves without complications in most children. RSV prophylaxis with palivizumab is an option for high-risk infants and children, which can decrease hospitalization and length of stay. Immunocompromised patients are a special population of which ribavirin and palivizumab may be used for treatment. Currently, no medication or vaccine available has been able to show a reduction in mortality from RSV. Future vaccines are in the developmental stage and will hopefully decrease the symptomatic and economic burden of this disease.
Pediatric Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
Authors: Meyers Rachel S.
Published: October 2020

Managing fluids and electrolytes in children is an important skill for pharmacists, who can play an important role in monitoring therapy. Fluid therapy is divided into maintenance, deficit, and replacement requirements. The Holliday-Segar equation remains the standard method for calculating maintenance fluid requirements. Accounting for deficits when determining the fluid infusion rate is an important factor in treating dehydrated patients; deficit fluid is generally administered over the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Maintenance electrolyte requirements must be taken into account, with particular attention paid to sodium requirements, as recent evidence suggests that sodium needs in hospitalized children are higher than originally thought. Fluid therapy can also have an impact on drug therapy. Hydration status can affect the dose needed to achieve therapeutic concentrations, and dehydrated patients may be at risk for toxicity if standard doses of drugs with high volumes of distribution are used. Monitoring fluid and electrolyte therapy is an important role of the pediatric pharmacist.
Women and Epilepsy
Authors: O'Connor Sunila E. , Zupanc Mary L.
Published: October 2020

Women with epilepsy face additional challenges when compared to their peers. Hormonal influences may increase seizure activity, alter endocrine function, and affect fertility. In this population, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) reduce the efficacy of contraception methods and increase the risk of fetal malformations. Other pertinent issues to women with epilepsy include breastfeeding as well as bone mineral health. This article summarizes our current, collective knowledge of these issues and makes specific recommendations with respect to management.