bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological stress in response to multitasking and work interruptions: Study protocol
Authors: Becker Linda , Kaltenegger Helena C. , Nowak Dennis , Weigl Matthias , Rohleder Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Background

The biopsychological response patterns to digital stress have been sparsely investigated so far. Important potential stressors in modern working environments due to increased digitalization are multitasking and work interruptions. In this study protocol, we present a protocol for a laboratory experiment, in which we will investigate the biopsychological stress response patterns to multitasking and work interruptions.

Methods

In total,N= 192 healthy, adult participants will be assigned to six experimental conditions in a randomized order (one single-task, three dual-task (two in parallel and one as interruption), one multitasking, and one passive control condition). Salivary alpha-amylase as well as heart rate as markers for Sympathetic Nervous System Activity, heart rate variability as measure for Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) activity, and cortisol as measure for activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis will be assessed at six time points throughout the experimental session. Furthermore, inflammatory markers (i.e., IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and secretory immunoglobulin-A) will be assessed before and after the task as well as 24 hours after it (IL-6 and CRP only). Main outcomes will be the time course of these physiological stress markers. Reactivity of these measures will be compared between the experimental conditions (dual-tasking, work interruptions, and multitasking) with the control conditions (single-tasking and passive control).

Discussion

With this study protocol, we present a comprehensive experiment, which will enable an extensive investigation of physiological stress-responses to multitasking and work interruptions. Our planned study will contribute to a better understanding of physiological response patterns to modern (digital) stressors. Potential risks and limitations are discussed. The findings will have important implications, especially in the context of digital health in modern working and living environments.
Sequencing SARS-CoV-2 from antigen tests
Authors: Nazario-Toole Ashley , Nguyen Holly M. , Xia Hui , Frankel Dianne N. , Kieffer John W. , Gibbons Thomas F.
Published: February 2022

Genomic surveillance empowers agile responses to SARS-CoV-2 by enabling scientists and public health analysts to issue recommendations aimed at slowing transmission, prioritizing contact tracing, and building a robust genomic sequencing surveillance strategy. Since the start of the pandemic, real time RT-PCR diagnostic testing from upper respiratory specimens, such as nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, has been the standard. Moreover, respiratory samples in viral transport media are the ideal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In early 2021, many clinicians transitioned to antigen-based SARS-CoV-2 detection tests, which use anterior nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection. Despite this shift in testing methods, the need for whole-genome sequence surveillance remains. Thus, we developed a workflow for whole-genome sequencing with antigen test-derived swabs as an input rather than nasopharyngeal swabs. In this study, we use excess clinical specimens processed using the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card. We demonstrate that whole-genome sequencing from antigen tests is feasible and yields similar results from RT-PCR-based assays utilizing a swab in viral transport media.
A SARS-CoV-2 variant elicits an antibody response with a shifted immunodominance hierarchy
Authors: Greaney Allison J. , Starr Tyler N. , Eguia Rachel T. , Loes Andrea N. , Khan Khadija , Karim Farina , Cele Sandile , Bowen John E. , Logue Jennifer K. , Corti Davide , Veesler David , Chu Helen Y. , Sigal Alex , Bloom Jesse D.
Published: February 2022

Many SARS-CoV-2 variants have mutations at key sites targeted by antibodies. However, it is unknown if antibodies elicited by infection with these variants target the same or different regions of the viral spike as antibodies elicited by earlier viral isolates. Here we compare the specificities of polyclonal antibodies produced by humans infected with early 2020 isolates versus the B.1.351 variant of concern (also known as Beta or 20H/501Y.V2), which contains mutations in multiple key spike epitopes. The serum neutralizing activity of antibodies elicited by infection with both early 2020 viruses and B.1.351 is heavily focused on the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD). However, within the RBD, B.1.351-elicited antibodies are more focused on the “class 3” epitope spanning sites 443 to 452, and neutralization by these antibodies is notably less affected by mutations at residue 484. Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 variants can elicit polyclonal antibodies with different immunodominance hierarchies.
Proposed Hybrid model for Sentiment Classification using CovNet-DualLSTM Techniques
Authors: Ranjan Roop , Daniel A K
Published: February 2022

The fast growth of Internet and social media has resulted in a significant quantity of texts based review that is posted on the platforms like social media. In the age of social media, analyzing the emotional context of comments using machine learning technology helps in understanding of QoS for any product or service. Analysis and classification of user’s review helps in improving the QoS (Quality of Services). Machine Learning techniques have evolved as a great tool for performing sentiment analysis of user’s. In contrast to traditional classification models. Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) has obtained substantial outcomes and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) has shown promising outcomes in sentiment classification. CNN can successfully retrieve local information by utilizing convolutions and pooling layers. BiLSTM employs dual LSTM orientations for increasing the background knowledge accessible to deep learning based models. The hybrid model proposed here is to utilize the advantages of these two deep learning based models. Tweets of users for reviews of Indian Railway Services have been used as data source for analysis and classification. Keras Embedding technique is used as input source to the proposed hybrid model. The proposed model receives inputs and generates features with lower dimensions which generate a classification result. The performance of proposed hybrid model was   compared using Keras and Word2Vec and observed effective improvement in the response of the proposed model with an accuracy of 95.19%.
Ensemble Boosted Tree based Mammogram image classification using Texture features and extracted smart features of Deep Neural Network
Authors: Sharma Bhanu Prakash , Purwar Ravindra Kumar
Published: February 2022

This work proposes a technique of breast cancer detection from mammogram images. It is a multistage process which classifies the mammogram images into benign or malignant category. During preprocessing, images of Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database are passed through a couple of filters for noise removal, thresholding and cropping techniques to extract the region of interest, followed by augmentation process on database to enhance its size. Features from Deep Convolution Neural Network (DCNN) are merged with texture features to form final feature vector. Using transfer learning, deep features are extracted from a modified DCNN, whose training is performed on 69% of randomly selected images of database from both categories. Features of Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) are merged to form texture features. Mean and variance of four parameters (contrast, correlation, homogeneity and entropy) of GLCM are computed in four angular directions, at ten distances. Ensemble Boosted Tree classifier using five-fold cross-validation mode, achieved an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of 98.8%, 100% and 92.55% respectively on this feature vector.
Lessons from working across fields to develop a framework for informed choices
Authors: Stewart Ruth , Aronson Jeffrey K. , Barends Eric , Boruch Robert , Brennan Marnie , Chislett Joe , Cunliffe-Jones Peter , Maynard Brandy , Oxman Matt , Pullin Andrew , Randall Nicola , Sharples Jonathan , Stott Janet , Vale Luke
Published: February 2022

In late 2018, Iain Chalmers, Andy Oxman and others from the Informed Health Choices team convened a cross-field forum to develop a generic framework of key concepts for thinking critically about claims, research and choices about interventions, with the aim of supporting ‘informed choices’. We define an informed choice as one that is based on critical understanding of the relevant available evidence. This paper describes the process of that cross-field engagement, and reflects on how consensus was reached on the generic framework. Working in an alliance of 24 researchers from across fields to develop the Key Concepts for Informed Choices framework, we learned three lessons about cross-field working: (1) there was much agreement, despite diversity of views and experiences; (2) the applications of our work were broader than we could have imagined; and (3) we identified a wide range of problems that we have in common when making informed choices. Here we describe our experience of working together to develop the framework, and draw out lessons for others who may be involved in similar cross-field initiatives.
Utilization of Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus), Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens), Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), and Silkworm (Samia ricini dan Bombyx mori) as Alternative Feed Protein Sources
Authors: Herliatika Agustin , Permatahati Dika , Pujiawati Yusti , Tresia Gresy Eva , Wina Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

The insect which contains high protein is potential to be used as an unconventional protein source (UPS) in feed. Production cost of this feedstuff is affordable through utilization of waste as growing media. Moreover, this production helps the environment by reducing the unprocessed waste. This study aims to review the potential use of cricket, black soldier fly (BSF), mealworm, and silkworm as UPS in replacing fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SM) in the feed. The insect meal contains relative similar crude protein but higher ether-extract compared to conventional protein sources. The insect meal contains higher tyrosine but lower arginine, histidine, lysine, and tryptophan compared to FM and SM. The chitin content in UPS decreases the digestibility, causing restriction its utilization in the diet. However, it can be used as antibacterial and antifungal in feed, and in ruminant, it can be used to mitigate enteric methane emission. UPS in layer and broiler diet can replace SM, meanwhile, in quail diet, it can replace FM. From different sources, it can be summarised that the potential addition of BSF, cricket, mealworm, and silkworm in the broiler’s diet is 8%DM replacing 100% SM, 5-15%DM replacing 40-100% FM, 5-29,5%DM replacing 3-100% SM, and 7,8%DM replacing 100% SM, respectively. The potential addition of BSF and mealworm in the layer’s diet is 10-15%DM replacing 66-100% SM and 2-5%DM replacing 21% SM, respectively. The potential addition of cricket, mealworm, and silkworm in the quail’s diet is 2-8%DM replacing 25-100% FM, 2,25%DM replacing 25% FM, and 2,08-6,25%DM replacing 26-76% FM, respectively.
Espetáculo, indústria cultural e alienação: reflexões sobre o fetichismo da mercadoria e o projeto de dominação das massas
Authors: De Oliveira Gabriela Antoniello
Published: February 2022

Resumo: Este artigo pretende apresentar algumas reflexões sobre os conceitos de i. sociedade do espetáculo, ii.indústria cultural e iii.a relação entre ambos os conceitos, a partir dos elementos hipnóticos e alienantes presentes na indústria cultural, que é consequência da racionalidade instrumental. A indústria cultural utiliza-se da mercantilização da arte para criar produtos vendáveis e dessa forma se desenvolve a sociedade do espetáculo. Partiremos do pensamento dos filósofos alemães Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer, e do filósofo francês Guy Debord. Desenvolver a temática proposta é fundamental para pensarmos a atualidade, partindo da questão: como uma sociedade moderna gera tanta barbárie? Levantamos a hipótese de que a indústria cultural e a sociedade do espetáculo servem ao processo de alienação das massas. É nesse contexto que a mercantilização da arte gera o espetaculismo, produto desejado pelo capitalismo, fortalecendo o aprisionamento do proletariado e provocando a barbárie humana.
Palavras-chave: Espetáculo; Indústria Cultural; Alienação.
Spectacle, cultural industry and alienation: reflections on commodity fetishism and the project of masses domination
Abstract: This article intends to present some reflections on the concepts of i.society of the spectacle, ii.cultural industry and iii.the relationship between both concepts, from the hypnotic and alienating elements present in the cultural industry, which is a consequence of instrumental rationality. The cultural industry uses the commodification of art to create salable products and, in this way, the society of the spectacle develops. We will start from the thinking of the German philosophers Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, and the French philosopher Guy Debord. Developing the proposed theme is fundamental for us to think about the present, starting with the question: how does a modern society generate so much barbarism? We hypothesize that the cultural industry and the society of the spectacle serve the process of alienation of the masses. It is in this context that the commodification of art generates spectaculism, a product desired by capitalism, strengthening the imprisonment of the proletariat and provoking human barbarism.
Keywords: Spectacle; Cultural Industry; Alienation.
 
Data de registro: 16/06/2021
Data de aceite: 20/09/2021
cuidado de si no diálogo Alcibíades de Platão:
Authors: Barros Igor Corrêa de
Published: February 2022

Resumo: A epiméleia heautou representa um fato singular na história da filosofia. Apesar de sua importância capital para a filosofia antiga, o cuidado de si foi esquecido na modernidade, tornando-se uma noção completamente inexistente em nossos dias. Em seus últimos estudos, Michel Foucault recuperou essa noção, destacando a proeminência que a epiméleia heautou alcançou durante um período que percorre mais de mil anos de história. Foucault sustenta que o diálogo Alcibíades de Platão é o gérmen filosófico do cuidado de si, pois seria a primeira teoria completa do cuidado de si: cuidar de si, para Platão, é cuidar da alma, e essa seria a principal tarefa da existência humana. Assim, propomos nesse artigo um trabalho de revisão cujo objetivo principal é abordar a leitura foucaultiana de Alcibíades, destacando as principais características da epiméleia heautou no momento socrático-platônico.
Palavras-chave: Foucault; Alcibíades; Platão; epiméleia heautou.
Self-care in Platão Alcibíades dialogue: an analysis from the perspective of Michel Foucault
Abstract: The epiméleia heautou represents a singular fact in the history of philosophy. Despite its capital importance for ancient philosophy, self-care was forgotten in modern times, becoming a notion that does not exist today. In his last studies, Michel Foucault recovered this notion, highlighting the prominence that the epiméleia heautou achieved during a period that covers more than a thousand years of history. Foucault maintains that Plato's dialogue Alcibíades is the philosophical germ of self-care, as it would be the first complete theory of self-care: to take care of yourself, for Plato, is to take care of the soul, and that would be the main task of human existence. Thus, we propose in this article a review work whose main objective is to approach the Foucaultian reading of Alcibiades, highlighting the main characteristics of the epiméleia heautou in the Socratic-Platonic moment.
Keywords: Foucault; Alcibíades; Platão; epiméleia heautou.
Data de registro: 05/09/2021
Data de aceite: 11/10/2021
Об асимптотике спектра дифференциального оператора четного порядка с потенциалом дельта-функцией
Authors: Митрохин Сергей Иванович , Mitrokhin Sergei Ivanovich
Published: February 2022

Изучается последовательность дифференциальных операторов высокого четного порядка, потенциалы которых сходятся к дельта-функции Дирака.
Рассматривается один из видов разделeнных граничных условий. В точках разрыва потенциала необходимо изучить условия склейки для корректного определения решений соответствующих дифференциальных уравнений. При больших значениях спектрального параметра методом Наймарка выписаны асимптотические решения дифференциальных уравнений. Изучены условия склейки, исследованы граничные условия, выведено уравнение на собственные значения рассматриваемого дифференциального оператора. Методом последовательных приближений найдена асимптотика спектра изучаемых дифференциальных операторов, предел которой задаeт спектр оператора с потенциалом дельта-функцией.
Модель стохастического процесса в пространстве случайных совместных событий
Authors: Бирюков Александр Александрович , Biryukov Alexander Alexandrovich
Published: February 2022

Строится модель пространства случайных совместных событий, в котором дополнительно к симметричной разности событий вводится понятие симметричной суммы событий. В пространстве формулируются модель стохастического процесса и соответствующее выражение для вероятности перехода системы между двумя событиями. Показано, что для попарно совместных событий оно эквивалентно уравнению квантовой механики.
Ползучесть и длительное разрушение узкой прямоугольной мембраны внутри
высокой жесткой матрицы при пропорциональной зависимости
величины поперечного давления от времени
Authors: Локощенко Александр Михайлович , Lokoshchenko Alexander Mikhaylovich , Фомин Леонид Викторович , Fomin Leonid Viktorovich , Басалов Юрий Генрихович , Basalov Yuriy Genrikhovich , Третьяков Петр Максимович , Tretyakov Petr Maksimovich
Published: February 2022

Проведено исследование ползучести и длительного разрушения узкой прямоугольной мембраны в стесненных условиях (внутри высокой жесткой матрицы) при пропорциональной зависимости величины поперечного давления от времени.
Деформирование мембраны рассматривается как последовательность трех стадий.
На первой стадии мембрана деформируется в свободных условиях вплоть до касания продольных сторон жесткой матрицы.
На второй стадии она деформируется при касании продольных стенок матрицы вплоть до касания ее поперечной стенки.
На третьей стадии она уже деформируется при одновременном касании продольных и поперечной стенок матрицы.
Деформирование мембраны происходит в условиях ползучести при двух видах контактных условий:
скольжение мембраны вдоль стенок матрицы и прилипание мембраны к стенкам матрицы.
Для анализа постепенного длительного разрушения мембраны используется кинетическая теория ползучести Ю. Н. Работнова, при этом параметр поврежденности материала в данной задаче имеет скалярный характер.
Решение системы, состоящей из определяющего и кинетического уравнений, показало, что во время деформирования мембраны на первой стадии в ней независимо от вида контактных условий накапливается поврежденность, близкая к ее предельному значению.
В связи с этим процессы ползучести мембраны на второй и третьей стадиях деформирования при обоих рассматриваемых видах контактных условий практически совпадают.
Получена зависимость времени до разрушения мембраны при различных скоростях возрастания величины поперечного давления.
Полученные уравнения использованы для анализа ползучести и длительного разрушения мембраны, изготовленной из хромомолибденовой стали 2.15Cr-1Mo steel, деформируемой при переменном поперечном давлении при температуре 600 $^\circ$C.
Steady thermo-diffusive shear Couette flow of incompressible fluid. Velocity field analysis
Authors: Bashurov Vyacheslav Vladimirovich , Prosviryakov Eugenii Yurevich
Published: February 2022

Найдено точное решение, описывающее установившееся течение вязкой несжимаемой жидкости с учетом перекрестного влияния конвективного и диффузионного эффектов (перекрестное влияние диссипативных эффектов Соре и Дюфора). Для исследования сдвигового потока жидкости была решена переопределенная краевая задача. Переопределенность краевой задачи обусловлена тем, что количество уравнений в нелинейной системе уравнений Обербека-Буссинеска больше, чем количество неизвестных функций (две компоненты вектора скорости, давление, температура и концентрация растворенного вещества). Нетривиальное точное решение системы, состоящей из уравнений Обербека-Буссинеска, уравнения непрерывности, уравнения теплопроводности и уравнения концентрации, было построено в классе точных решений Бириха-Остроумова. Разрешимость переопределенной системы уравнений обусловлена тем, что точное решение автоматически удовлетворяет уравнению непрерывности. Показано существование застойных точек как в общем течении, так и во вторичном движении жидкости без завихренности. Найдены условия, при которых возможны противотечения.
Asymptotics of the eigenvalues of a boundary value problem for the operator Schrödinger equation with boundary conditions nonlinearly dependent on the spectral parameter
Authors: Hashimoglu Ilyas F.
Published: February 2022

В пространстве $H_{1}=L_{2}(H, [ 0, 1 ] )$, где $H$ - сепарабельное гильбертово пространство, изучается асимптотическое поведение собственных значений краевой задачи для операторного уравнения Шредингера для случая, когда один и тот же спектральный параметр участвует в уравнении линейно, а в граничном условии - квадратично. Получены асимптотические формулы для собственных значений рассматриваемой краевой задачи.
Dual notched conformal patch fed 3-D printed two-port MIMO DRA for ISM band applications
Authors: Verma Rasika , Sharma Rohit
Published: February 2022

This article explores and develops a two-port MIMO Dielectric Resonator Antenna. The proposed antenna consists of two rectangular DRAs on theX-axis, fed by a trapezoidal conformal patch on theY-axis. The proposed antenna may be 3D manufactured using a normal 3D printer and both DRAs are integrated with the substrate to minimise mounting error and improve mechanical strength, which were previously the typical constraints in DRAs. Rectangular Complimentary Split Ring Resonators (R-CSRRs) and Circular Complimentary Split Ring Resonators (C-CSRRs) enable the proposed antenna to be band-notched. The R-CSRRs control the 5–5.75 GHz range, whereas the C-CSRRs control the 4.4–4.8 GHz band, which are the commercial band. By keeping both ports orthogonal, the isolation between them was lowered to less than −15 dB in the operational bands. Later, with the substrate cavity, isolation drops to −19 dB for the operational bands. The suggested antenna is MIMO capable and covers the 3.4 GHz of ISM band (3.4–6.8 GHz). The antenna has a 4 dBi, 3.7 dBi and 6.9 dBi gain in the first, second, and third resonance frequencies. Excellent MIMO capabilities and ease of construction and feeding make this 3D printed antenna suited for the ISM band.
Fractal expression of soil particle-size distribution at the basin scale
Authors: He Yujiang , Lv Dunyu
Published: February 2022

Soil structure at the basin scale affects the superficial moisture content, heat, salinity balance, and ecological balance of groundwater system. To study the soil particle size fractal characteristics at the basin scale, 188 groups of soil samples were collected over a distance of 258 km in the Ziya River basin of the North China Plain. Particle volume percent was measured using a laser particle size analyzer, and then analyzed by applying the fractal theory to reveal the spatial distribution of soil particle size and soil voids. The results showed that: (1) From the Taihang Mountain piedmont to the coastal area, soil particle-size volume percentages varied in a small range, with the fractal dimension D showing an overall decreasing trend; (2) D showed a significant spatial variation, ranging from 0.13 to 2.188. It was jointly determined by particle uniformity and particle size range; (3) When D
≤ 1, the characteristic fractal size was 30 μm in the basin. When 1 < D
≤ 1.5, the characteristic fractal size was 20 μm and D
a was 1.37, and when D > 1.5, the two parameters were 10 μm and 1.77, respectively. The research results indicated that D can effectively quantify the characteristics of soil structure at a large scale.
Missing growth measurement in Germany
Authors: Schreiber Sven , Schmidt Vanessa
Published: February 2022

Using detailed establishment-level micro data, this paper analyzes for the German case the hypothesis by Aghion et al. (2019), stating that officially published figures for real output growth would be systematically understated. The effect rests on overstated inflation estimates due to imputed prices for disappearing goods and services varieties, where measurable plant entry and exit dynamics play a crucial rule. Our main results regarding understated real output growth lie in the range of 0.39 to 0.54 average annual percentage points for 1998–2016, which is quite closely in line with existing findings for France, the USA, and Japan (in different periods). We also find that services sectors appear most affected, and that the effect in East Germany is somewhat larger. We investigate different market share proxies, provide additional robustness analysis and also discuss limitations of the approach.
Fabrication of silicotungstic acid immobilized on Ce-based MOF and embedded in Zr-based MOF matrix for green fatty acid esterification
Authors: Zhang Qiuyun , Yang Binbin , Tian Yuanyuan , Yang Xianju , Yu Rongfei , Wang Jialu , Deng Taoli , Zhang Yutao
Published: February 2022

In the present study, a facile solvothermal method was used for the synthesis of silicotungstic acid (HSiW) immobilized on Ce-based metal organic framework (Ce-BDC) and embedded in Zr-based metal-organic framework (UiO-66(Zr)) composite catalyst, namely, Ce-BDC@HSiW@UiO-66 for the production of biodiesel through green fatty acid esterification. The obtained hybrids were characterized by various characterization technologies, including Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD) analysis. The characterization analyses showed that the hybrids have been successfully synthesized. Also, the volume and pore size of UiO-66(Zr) were changed by introducing HSiW@Ce-BDC, and the resulting Ce-BDC@HSiW@UiO-66 possessed the mesoporous structure and relatively high surface area. Simultaneously, the NH3-TPD analysis of Ce-BDC@HSiW@UiO-66 reveals that the acid strength was increased in comparison with HSiW@Ce-BDC. In addition, the composite Ce-BDC@HSiW@UiO-66 demonstrated high catalytic activity, and the oleic acid esterification gave 81.5% conversion at optimum conditions of 0.2 g catalysts, 1:30 oleic acid to methanol molar ratio at 130°C for 4 h. More interestingly, after six recycling cycles, the reduction in the conversion rate was only 4.6%, indicating that Ce-BDC@HSiW@UiO-66 has excellent reusability. Our study provides an effective approach to synthesize multifunctional hybrids for green biofuel production.
Euler-type sums involving multiple harmonic sums and binomial coefficients
Authors: Si Xin
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we mainly show that generalized Euler-type sums of multiple harmonic sums with reciprocal binomial coefficients can be expressed in terms of rational linear combinations of products of classical multiple zeta values (MZVs) and multiple harmonic star sums (MHSSs). Furthermore, applying the stuffle relations, we prove that the Euler-type sums involving products of generalized harmonic numbers and reciprocal binomial coefficients can be evaluated by MZVs and MHSSs.
Progressive collapse performance of shear strengthened RC frames by nano CFRP
Authors: Chen Weihong , Lin Boxu , Li Dong , Zhang Jinwen , Cui Shuangshuang
Published: February 2022

To investigate the effect of nano carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (nano CFRP) on retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) structures, this article presented the progressive collapse performance of two half-scale four-bay RC frames including one control specimen S1 and specimen S2 with nano CFRP retrofitting beam ends. The progressive collapse performance was discussed by comparing crack patterns, failure mode, load–displacement curves, horizontal displacement, strains, and rotational and energy dissipation capacity. The test results demonstrated that nano CFRP did not change the ductile beam-hinge failure mode, but improved the load-bearing capacity and ductility efficiently, and postpone shear failure of the joint core region obviously. Due to the insufficient development of plastic hinges limited by nano CFRP, S2 failed to enter catenary action, which revealed its own defects in anti-progressive collapse. It was shown that the retrofitting strategy using nano CFRP can substantially improve the mechanical characteristics and implement the strong column-weak beam failure mode.
Investigation of effective thermal conductivity of SiC foam ceramics with various pore densities
Authors: Wang Enyu , Shi Zhongtian , Chen Miaomiao , Tang Shiqian , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2022

SiC foam ceramics are extensively used in numerous industrial applications that require high-temperature conditions. They can be used as thermal insulation, structural catalyst supports and energy storage materials. In this article, effective thermal conductivity of SiC foam ceramics at high temperature is studied by steady plane heat source method. This research aims to investigate the variations of effective thermal conductivity with pore density, stacking thickness, heat source temperature, and pore arrangement structure of foam ceramics. By a comparison of effective thermal conductivities of various pore density ceramic sheets, the experimental results show that the effective thermal conductivity of foam ceramics decreases with the increase of the pore density and stacking thickness. The effective thermal conductivity of the foam ceramics increases significantly when the heat source temperature is more than 200°C. For modular SiC foam ceramics, increasing the average pore density and sudden change of the pore density between ceramic sheets are not conducive to the increase of the effective thermal conductivity.
magyar önkormányzati rendszer megújulásának irányai
Authors: István Finta , István Hoffman , Ilona Pálné Kovács , Gábor Péteri
Published: February 2022

A tanulmány egy, a Magyar Önkormányzatok Szövetsége megbízásából készült szakértői javaslat tudományos háttéranyaga. A szerzők szándéka, hogy szakmai vitát kezdeményezzenek a magyar önkormányzati rendszer átfogó reformjáról. Magyarország ugyan 1990-ben élenjárt az önkormányzati decentralizáció terén, mára Európa egyik legcentralizáltabb országa lett. A szerzők bemutatják, hogy milyen folyamat vezetett a jelenlegi helyzetig, és javaslatokat fogalmaznak meg az önkormányzatok feladatrendszerére, térbeli struktúrájának konszolidálására, a finanszírozási modellre és az önkormányzatok fejlesztéspolitikai szerepvállalására. A tanulmány fő üzenete, hogy nem csak a jogi szabályozási keretek igényelnek reformot, de a politikai elit és a társadalom szemléletváltására, aktvitására is nagy szükség van.
The Metabolite Saccharopine Impairs Neuronal Development by Inhibiting the Neurotrophic Function of Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase
Authors: Guo Ye , Wu Junjie , Wang Min , Wang Xin , Jian Youli , Yang Chonglin , Guo Weixiang
Published: February 2022

Mutations in theAminoadipate-Semialdehyde Synthase(AASS) gene encoding α-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase lead to hyperlysinemia-I, a benign metabolic variant without clinical significance, and hyperlysinemia-II with developmental delay and intellectual disability. Although both forms of hyperlysinemia display biochemical phenotypes of questionable clinical significance, an association between neurologic disorder and a pronounced biochemical abnormality remains a challenging clinical question. Here, we report that Aass mutant male and female mice carrying the R65Q mutation in α-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) domain have an elevated cerebral lysine level and a normal brain development, whereas the Aass mutant mice carrying the G489E mutation in saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) domain exhibit elevations of both cerebral lysine and saccharopine levels and a smaller brain with defective neuronal development. Mechanistically, the accumulated saccharopine, but not lysine, leads to impaired neuronal development by inhibiting the neurotrophic effect of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). While extracellular supplementation of GPI restores defective neuronal development caused by G498E mutation in SDH of Aass. Altogether, our findings not only unravel the requirement for saccharopine degradation in neuronal development, but also provide the mechanistic insights for understanding the neurometabolic disorder of hyperlysinemia-II.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe association between neurologic disorder and a pronounced biochemical abnormality in hyperlysinemia remains a challenging clinical question. Here, we report that mice carrying the R65Q mutation in lysine α-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) domain of aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase (AASS) have an elevated cerebral lysine levels and a normal brain development, whereas those carrying the G489E mutation in saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) domain of AASS exhibit an elevation of both cerebral lysine and saccharopine and a small brain with defective neuronal development. Furthermore, saccharopine impairs neuronal development by inhibiting the neurotrophic effect of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). These findings demonstrate saccharopine degradation is essential for neuronal development.
Distinct Medial Orbitofrontal–Striatal Circuits Support Dissociable Component Processes of Risk/Reward Decision-Making
Authors: Jenni Nicole L. , Rutledge Griffin , Floresco Stan B.
Published: February 2022

The medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) regulates a variety of cognitive functions, including refining action selection involving reward uncertainty. This region sends projections to numerous subcortical targets, including the ventral and dorsal striatum, yet how these corticostriatal circuits differentially regulate risk/reward decision-making is unknown. The present study examined the contribution of mOFC circuits linking the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsomedial striatum (DMS) to risk/reward decision-making using pharmacological disconnections. Male rats were well trained on a probabilistic discounting task involving choice between small/certain or large/risky rewards, with the probability of obtaining the larger reward decreasing or increasing over a session. Disconnection of mOFC-striatal pathways was achieved using infusions of GABA agonists inactivating the mOFC in one hemisphere, combined with NAc or DMS inactivation in the contralateral or ipsilateral hemisphere. Perturbing mOFC → NAc circuits induced suboptimal, near-random patterns of choice that manifested as a flattening of the discounting curve. Animals were equally likely to stay or shift following rewarded/nonrewarded choices, suggesting this pathway mediates use of information about reward history to stabilize decision biases. In contrast, mOFC → DMS disconnection impaired adjustments in decision biases, causing opposing changes in risky choice depending on how probabilities varied over time. This was driven by alterations in lose-shift behavior, suggesting mOFC → DMS circuits track volatility in nonrewarded actions to adjust choice in accordance with changes in profitability. Thus, separate mOFC-striatal projection pathways regulate dissociable processes underlying decision-making, with mOFC → NAc circuits aiding in establishing and stabilizing tasks states and mOFC → DMS circuits facilitating transitions across states to promote flexible reward seeking.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe medial orbitofrontal cortex regulates a variety of goal-directed behaviors, yet the functional circuits through which it mediates higher order decision-making functions are unclear. The present study revealed that different mOFC projection pathways facilitate diverse aspects of decision-making involving risks and rewards by engaging separate networks of neurons that interface with distinct ventral and dorsal striatal targets. These findings clarify some of the normal functions of these corticostriatal pathways and may have implications for understanding how dysfunction in these circuits relate to certain psychiatric disorders.
The Idea of the “General Clause” in American Labor Law
Authors: Szymanski Charles F.
Published: February 2022

European legal systems have long encompassed the concept of the “general clause”, particularly in contract and labor law. The general clause includes unwritten legal norms such as good faith and public morality, and these principles are duly incorporated in the process of construing civil and labor contracts. While the general clause itself is formally absent in common law systems, its principles have found their way into modern British and American law. Two primary examples include the doctrines of good faith and unconscionability. In a broader sense, the idea of introducing rather indeterminate legal norms to be construed and interpreted by judges appears to be well-suited to a common law system. However, as applied to American labor law, the very indeterminacy of these terms has had rather negative effects on the rights of employees and the labor unions that represent them. Specifically, this article examines the good faith requirement in collective bargaining under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and the doctrine of unconscionability in employment arbitration agreements, and concludes that they both should be supplemented by more definite standards in order to effectively protect employees.
Точні рівняння Матісона−Папапетру для метрики Шварцшильда з використанням інтегралів руху
Authors: Пляцко Р.М. , Стефанишин О.Б.
Published: February 2022

Отримано нове представлення точних рівнянь Матісона–Папапетру за умови Матісона–Пірані у гравітаційному полі Шварцшильда, що не містить третіх похідних від координат частинки зі спіном. Для цього використано інтеграли енергії та моменту кількості руху частинки, а також одне диференціальне співвідношення, яке випливає з рівнянь Матісона–Папапетру для довільної метрики. Запис рівнянь адаптовано для їх комп'ютерного інтегрування з метою подальших досліджень впливу взаємодії спіну частинки з кривизною простору-часу на її поведінку в гравітаційному полі без обмежень на швидкість і орієнтацію спіну.
Вплив дефектних станів інтерфейсу на фотоелектричні властивості гетероструктур InxGa1-xAs/GaAs з квантовими точками
Authors: Вакуленко О.В. , Головинський С.Л. , Кондратенко С.В. , Maзур Ю.I. , Ванг Ж.M. , Саламo Г.Д.
Published: February 2022

У гетероструктурах InxGa1–xAs/GaAs з ланцюгами квантових точок (КТ) з різною концентрацією x індію досліджено властивості латерального фотоструму. При зона-зонному збудженні КТ квантами h\ν = 1,2 еВ структури виявили довготривалу динаміку наростання та релаксації фотоструму, а також ефект залишкової провідності після вимкнення збуджувального випромінювання. Аналіз даних із термостимульованої провідності (ТСП) після збудження оптичним випромінюванням в області поглинання КТ засвідчив такі значення енергетичних рівнів дефектних станів відносно зони провідності GaAs: 0,11 еВ, 0,16 еВ, 0,21 еВ, 0,24 еВ та 0,35 еВ. На дослідах латеральної фотопровідності (ЛФП) виявлено переходи за участю рівнів електронних пасток власних дефектів у GaAs EL2 та EB3. У найпростішому випадку наноструктурного фотопровідника з одним центром прилипання для електронів провідності отримано аналітичнийвигляд кінетики фотоструму, який підтверджено на дослідах зі зразками In0,4Ga0,6As/GaAs. Кінетика фотопровідниківIn0,5Ga0,5As/GaAs дещо складніша і описана лише якісно.
Квазібозони, складені з двох ферміонів, та деформовані осцилятори
Authors: Гаврилик О.М. , Качурик І.І. , Міщенко Ю.А.
Published: February 2022

Поняття квазібозонів чи складених бозонів має широкий спектр фізичних застосувань (мезони, ексітони тощо). Відомо, що навіть у випадку квазібозонів, складених із двох звичайних ферміонів, їх оператори народження і знищення задовольняють нестандартні комутаційні співвідношення. Природно спробувати реалізувати квазібозонні оператори відповідно операторами народження і знищення деформованих (нелінійних) осциляторів, адже останні становлять добре вивчену область сучасної квантової фізики. У статті доведено, що такі деформовані осцилятори, які реалізують квазібозони, справді існують. Виведено необхідні і достатні умови для реалізації. Також доведено єдиність сім'ї можливих деформацій.
Profil Pemberian Informasi ObatTerhadap Pasien dengan Resep Antidiabetes di Apotek Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Suryani Nelly , Saibi Yardi , Anwar Vidia Arlaini
Published: February 2022

Providing drug information is very important to be conducted by pharmacists for patients who redeem drugs at their pharmacy, especially patients who fall into the priority category for counseling such as patients undergoing diabetes mellitus treatment. This study aimed to create a profile of drug / counseling information given by pharmacies in the South Tangerang area to patients with prescription of antidiabetic drugs. This was a descriptive cross sectional study. Data were collected by the simulation patient method played by 6 seniorundergraduate pharmacy students. Simple random sampling was used in taking 100 pharmacies from the population of pharmacies registered at the city health office. The scenario was in the form of a new prescription contained of 5 mg of glibenclamide without repetition which was intended for family member of the simulated patient. To identify officers who provided drug information, simulation patients asked confirmation questions to ascertain whether they were pharmacists or not. The results showed that as many as 88.65% of officers who provided drug information to simulated patients were non-pharmacists. The most commonly given information by the pharmacist was the frequency of drug use followed by the time of use and the purpose of use (indications) which were 100%, 90.91% and 54.55%, respectively. While the information items provided by non-pharmacists were the frequency of drug use followed by the intended use and time of use associated with meal times which were 83.72%, 61.63% and 40.70% respectively. It can be concluded that more the drug information provided to patients is carried out by unappropriate professionals namely pharmacists. Drug information delivered to patients both by pharmacists and by non-pharmacists is not maximally done. The role of pharmacists in providing drug information to DM patients needs to be increased
A Test-to-Stay Modified Quarantine Program for COVID-19 in Schools
Authors: Schechter-Perkins Elissa M. , Doron Shira , Johnston Russell , Hay Jeremiah , Berlin David , Ciaranello Andrea , Nelson Sandra B. , Gormley Jenny M. , Smole Sandra C. , Brown Catherine M , Madoff Lawrence C. , Branch-Elliman Westyn
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Mandatory quarantine upon exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in a substantial number of lost days of school. We hypothesized that implementation of a state-wide test-to-stay (TTS) program would allow more students to participate in in-person learning, and not cause additional clusters of COVID-19 cases due to in-school transmission.

METHODS

For the 2020–2021 academic year, Massachusetts implemented an opt-in TTS program, in which students exposed to COVID-19 in school are tested each school day with a rapid antigen test. If negative, students may participate in school-related activities that day. Testing occurs daily for a duration of 7 calendar days after exposure. Here, we report the results from the first 13 weeks of the program.

RESULTS

A total of 2298 schools signed up for TTS, and 504 167 individuals out of a total population of 860 457 consented. During the first 13 weeks with complete data, 1959 schools activated the program at least once for 102 373 individual, exposed students. Out of 328 271 tests performed, 2943 positive cases were identified (per person positivity rate, 2.9%, 95% confidence interval, 2.8–3.0). A minimum of 325 328 and a maximum of 497 150 days of in-person school were saved through participation in the program.

CONCLUSIONS

Daily, rapid on-site antigen testing is a safe and feasible alternative to mandatory quarantine and can be used to maximize safe in-person learning time during the pandemic.
Concepciones de salud, Sistema de salud público/privado, Trabajo Social y Pandemia covid-19 en Chile
Authors: CASTAÑEDA MENESES PATRICIA , CAZORLA BECERRA KETTY
Published: February 2022

El artículo expone los resultados de una investigación documental que analiza las principales medidas adoptadas en Chile frente al covid-19, desde las concepciones de salud -como derecho humano, bien social, políticas públicas y demandas ciudadanas-, en el contexto de un sistema sanitario público/privado altamente segmentado. Se propone que la mayor tensión estructural del sistema sanitario chileno se presenta entre las concepciones de salud como derecho humano y bien social. Los resultados confirman la propuesta, presentando las convergencias y divergencias aportadas por las concepciones de salud, junto a las oportunidades profesionales para trabajo social en el marco de la pandemia.
Online 8-week cognitive therapy for problem gamblers: The moderating effects of depression symptoms and perceived financial control
Authors: Palomäki Jussi , Heiskanen Maria , Castrén Sari
Published: February 2022

Background and aims

Online interventions for problem gambling are increasingly popular, but not everyone benefits from them. We describe 12 years of real-world data from an online intervention for gambling problems and aim to find out the extent to which depression, alcohol use, and sense of financial control influence the effectiveness of the program.

Methods

We analyzed treatment effectiveness and moderators in the Finnish “Peli Poikki” program (2007–2018)—an 8-week cognitive behavioral therapy and follow-up program for problem gambling. Participants were Finnish-speaking adults over 18 years of age (N = 2011, 66.9% males). We measured the self-reported level of problem gambling, depression, alcohol use, and sense of financial control across four treatment phases (baseline, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up), as well as the presence of gambling debt, psychological and physiological health, years suffered from gambling problems, and demographic variables.

Results

Participation grew across years with retention rates of 55%, 30%, and 19% for post-treatment and the two follow-ups, respectively. The average problem gambling scores declined significantly following treatment and remained low throughout the follow-ups. However, this decline (the beneficial treatment effect) was reversed after the follow-ups for those with high depression scores and those who felt they had no control over their finances.

Discussion and Conclusions

The Peli Poikki program is a well-functioning online intervention but less effective in the long term for participants with persisting symptoms of depression or without a sense of financial control. More attention is needed to screen and direct people with comorbidities to the appropriate services.