bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Compressive Strength and Splitting Tensile Strength of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete
Authors: Odeyemi S. O.
Published: November 2021

The use of palm kernel shell (PKS) has gained acceptance in the production of concrete. Compressive strength is the mostly used strength characteristics of concrete. The compressive strength CS of concrete should provide a good basis for predicting the splitting tensile strength STS. The aim of this study is to establish a mathematical relationship between the CS and STS of concrete produced with PKS. In this study, coarse aggregates was fully replaced with PKS at varying water-cement ratios (w/c) for concrete mix ratios 1:1½:3 and 1:2:4. Unit weigth of the PKS, slump, compressive and splitting tesnsile strength were determined. A relationship between CS and STS was developed for the different w/c ratios using exponential function aproximation. Physical property tests carried out on the PKS characterized it as lightweight aggregate with saturated surface dry unit weight of 1.27. The slump revealed that PKS concrete at 0.3 and 0.4 w/c is stiff and not workable. CS and STS at 28day for mix ratio of 1:1½:3 at w/c of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 were respectively 3.2 and 1.2; 9.4 and 2.1; 10.8 and 2.6; 9.0 and 2.4 N/mm2. The corresponding values obtained for mix ratio 1:2:4 were 3.0 and 1.0, 1.7 and 1.3, 4.5 and 1.6, 7.7 and 1.9N/mm2, respectively. Equations relating CS and STS at 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 w/c were established. It was concluded that PKS concrete produced with mix ratios 1:1½:3 and 1:2:4 performed better in compression and splitting tensile strength at w/c of 0.5 and 0.6.
Abuse of Parking Facilities and the Decay of Ikeja Central Business District, Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos State
Authors: Ige J. O
Published: November 2021

Illegal parking has been a topical issue in environmental planning and management, especially in the area of generating early warning systems for preparedness against space abuse. However, the concentration of research effort on accessibility in central business district with unjustified neglect of parking abuse impedes the search for analytical explanations and effective strategies to control spatial challenges. The study examined the types and nature of parking facilities and parking abuse. It also examined causes and effects of the abuse, as well as the response to abuse of the parking facilities in Ikeja Central Business District of Ikeja Local Government Area. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through in-depth interview with opinion leaders and questionnaires administered to 106 respondents randomly sampled in the core and periphery of the Central Business District of Ikeja. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentage and chi-square. Secondary data used were map of the study area and images generated from Google earth. Results showed that there were two types of parking facilities; off-street (destination parking lot) and on-street parking facilities in the area. The nature of parking abuse was highly indiscriminate, and the prevailing type of parking facility abuse in the study area was unauthorized conversion of earmarked parking spaces to commercial trading spots. The effects of the parking abuse were mainly unavailability of parking space and traffic congestion, and the major perpetuators of the abuse were traders. The response of enforcement officials to indiscriminate parking was affirmed to be inefficient by 87.7% of the respondents. The study concluded that the abuse of parking facility was rampant in the study area.
ConvTract: A Convolutional-based Framework for Tractography
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hossein , Hassanpour Asheghabadi Masoud , Masoudnia Saeed , Nazem-Zadeh Mohammad-Reza
Published: November 2021

ConvTract is a data-driven tractography pipeline.
Leaf Micromorphology and Pollen Grain Characteristics of Nicotiana glauca. R.C. Graham and Nicotiana tabacum. L.(Solanaceae, Nicotianoideae)
Authors: Farag M. El-Mokasabi  , Abdelbaset M. Asker  , Raja M. El-Mabrouk
Published: November 2021

The micromorphological variation of the leaf and pollen grain characteristics in two species of Nicotiana was examined using a light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These species are Nicotiana glauca R.C. Graham (wild species) and Nicotiana tabacum L. (cultivated species). The leaves are simple. The other leaf micromorphological features presented variation. The leaf architectural characteristics were also observed. Leaf venation is pinnate brochidodromous. The epidermal cell shape, on the abaxial leaf surface, is polygonal to irregular in Nicotiana glauca but it is so adaxially in all the two species the cells are irregular on both the epidermal layers. The anticlinal walls are either straight or sinuous. The leaves are amphistomatic. The stomata are commonly anomocytic to anisocytic. Foliar trichomes are glandular and non-glandular. Some of the foliar micromorphological characters as viewed under SEM were beneficial in species identification. The pollen shape is prolate with aperture tricolpate without opercula, the colpi shallow sunken with their ends acute. The exine sculpture is reticulate with granulate or granulate-microperforated to fine granulate and irregularly reticulate to perforate.
Keywords: Leaf micromorphology- Pollen grains - Light microscope (LM); Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)- Nicotiana Solanaceae -Nicotianoideae.
Phytochemical Investigation and Spectrophotometric Studies of Piperine and Thymoquinone Compounds in Methanolic Extracts of Nigella sativa and Piper nigram spices
Authors: Hamad. M. Adress. Hasan  , Eman. I. Hassan. Eljadily
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out on some spice samples including Nigella sativa and Piper nigram. Phytochemical screening was applied to the methanolic extraction of both the studied plants. The results showed that methanolic extract of Nigella sativa and Piper nigram revealed the presence of various chemical constituents, such as Alkaloide, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Tannins, Flavones, Saponins. Piperine is characterizing compound present in fruits of piper nigram used as a bioavailability enhancer. Some spectrophotometric methods as (U.V) and I.R were applied to identify the major chemical compounds of the studied extracts. The results recorded that the Piperine and Thymoquinone compounds were found in the studied plant extracts.
Keywords: Piper Nigram, Nigella sativa, Piperine Thymoquinone, Spectrophotometric
Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Hazards in Ceramic Samples Importer for the Local Market in Benghazi-Libya
Authors: Jemila Mussa Ali  , Salha D. Y. Alsaadi  , Abdulwahhab Alkuwafi
Published: November 2021

The natural radioactivity of 15 ceramic samples imported from Italy, China, and Egypt to the local market of Benghazi city-Libya, was measured by the means of a gamma-ray spectroscopy system with an HPG detector. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were ranged from 75.75 to 85.63 Bq.kg-1, 44.10to 65.20 Bq.kg-1 and 819.52 to 959.27 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The radium equivalent, external hazard index, gamma radiation index, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and cancer risk factor were calculated using the above measurements in order to assess the radiological hazard associated with the studied ceramic samples. The average values of these radiological indices for the ceramic samples were found to be; 232.29 Bq.kg-1, 0.63, 1.71, 107.11 nGy.h-1, 0.13 mSv.y-1 and 0.43, respectively. In general, the average value of radium equivalent for ceramic samples is not exceeded the recommended value of 370 Bq.kg-1, the external hazard index is lower than unity, and for all samples the annual effective dose below the recommended world limits. On the other hand, some radiological hazard indices were reported to be higher than the recommended world limits. The ceramic samples concerned in this study might be recommended to be utilized as building materials for dwelling construction.
Keywords: Natural radioactivity; Radiological hazard; Absorbed dose rate; HPGe detector; Ceramic
Synthesis of Some Organic Hydrazine Compounds Using Microwave Radiation
Authors: Seham Ebrahim Mohammed
Published: November 2021

This work was included the preparation of substituted organic hydrazine compounds from acid hydrazide (succinic dihydrazide and malonoicdihydrazide) through the reaction with different aromatic aldehyde compounds using microwave radiation. This study was also identified the product compounds by measuring its physical constants (melting point) and measuring infrared spectra. Confirmation for the structures of the prepared compounds by using infrared Spectro and measuring some physical constants, that sure the reactions were complete by using new energy radiation under green chemistry which accelerated the reaction in a few seconds and without byproduct.
Keywords: Synthesis; Hydrazine; Characterization and microwave radiation
Effect of Explants Length and Density on in Vitro Rooting of Pineapple Ananas Comosus L Merr
Authors: Abdelhamid M. Hamad
Published: November 2021

Pineapple explants of different length (5, 10, 15, and 20 mm long) were cultured at different densities (one, two, three, four, and five explants per culture) on full strength, agar solidified MS medium supplemented with sucrose at 30 g/l and IBA at 2.0 mg/l for 60 days. The rooting ability (rooting %, root number, and length) of the explants were not affected by the explants' length and explants' densities per culture. Irrespective of length and densities, 82 % of the explants rooted and produced 4.1 roots each 17.7 mm long. Moreover, overall explants lengths, plantlet height was not affected by explants density and were about 50.5 mm tall. On contrary, overall density, explant of different lengths developed into plantlets of significantly different height. Plantlets' height increased from 39.2 to 49.6; 55.9 and 57.4 mm as the explants length increased from 5 to 10; 15 and 20 mm respectively.
Keywords: Pineapple; Ananas comosus; Explants length; Explants density
Allelopathic Effects of Introduced Eucalyptus Gomphocephala Extracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Native Ceratonia siliqua in Libya
Authors: Mariam F. EL-Barghathi  , Ali M. Elbakkosh  , Nagma F. Ammosh
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of leaf aqueous extracts of introduced Eucalyptus gomphocephala L. (donor species) were collected during different growing seasons at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% v/v) on germination percentage, average germination time, plumule and radical length, dry weight of radical and plumule and seedling vigor index (SVI) of native Ceratonia siliqua L. (recipient species) seedlings under laboratory conditions. Results suggested that the germination percentage and all growth parameters of C. siliqua were significantly reduced gradually with the increase of aqueous extract concentration levels and the reduction was varied and could be extract concentration and growing season dependent. The highest phytotoxic effect on germination and seedling growth was exhibited by E. gomphocephala aqueous extract at 100% concentration, followed by 50% concentration. Generally, it is concluded that the allelopathic effect of introduced E. gomphoracephala trees on native Ceratonia siliqua trees has been weak or no effectiveness in some cases under laboratory conditions.
Keywords: Eucalyptus gomphocephala; Introduced species; Libya; Allelopathy; Ceratonia siliqua
Numerical Experimental for an Inverse Source Problem Method
Authors: Abdalkaleg Atia Idris Hamad
Published: November 2021

This paper examines extensions of an iterative method for inverse evaluation of the source function for two elliptic systems. The method begins with a starting value for the undetermined source. Next, a background field and equations for the error field are obtained. 2-D domains are considered. This method is suitable for Helmholtz and Poisson operators. In the presence of finite-difference grid resolution, a varying amount of boundary data, and methods of filtering the noise in the boundary data and the noise intensity of the boundary data, the performance, accuracy, and iteration count of the algorithm are investigated.
Keywords: Source, Inverse Problems, Poisson, Noise, Ill-Posedness, Well-Posed
Antibacterial Activity of Arum Cyrenicum Hurby Corms
Authors: Laila Ben Ramadan  , Abdurzag Zwawi  , Mohamed Salem  , Abdurzag Auzi  , Ahmed El Marghani
Published: November 2021

Bacterial resistance develops due to overuse of antibiotics in addition to the adverse effects of these chemicals. This urges the scientists to exchange these antibiotics with alternatives from natural products. The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of Arum cyrenicum Hruby against a number of medically important pathogenic bacteria. A. cyreniacum corms extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol, and tested for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli BTC3, Salmonella typhi BTC10, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BTC4, and Staphylococcus aureus BTC15. A considerable bactericidal efficiency of petroleum ether extract of A. cyrenaicum corms were specifically against gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus BTC15 at (100 mg/ml) petroleum ether and bacteriostatic at (50 mg/ml) of petroleum Ether extract. Whereas, the methanolic extract of A. cyrenaicum corms had bactricidal effect against gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas auregenosa BTC4 at (100mg/ml) of methanolic extract. Herby our results indicate that petroleum ether and methanolic extracts of A. cyrenaicum possess significant antibacterial properties.
Keywords: Arum cyrenicum, Efficiency, Antibacterial
Delineation of Carbonate Buildups Using Advanced Seismic Attributes, NW Sirte Basin, Libya
Authors: Muneer Abdalla
Published: November 2021

The Paleocene reservoir formations of the Northwest Sirte Basin in North-central, Libya contains chaotic and mound-shaped seismic geometries that may have an impact on the performance of the reservoirs. It is crucial to characterize and interpret these complex geometries for future field development. Therefore, this study was utilized numerous seismic attributes to characterize and enhance the interpretation of the chaotic and mounded geometries. Data conditioning represented by spectral whitening and median filter was first applied to enhance the quality of the seismic data and remove random noise resulted from data acquisition and processing. It provided high-resolution seismic data and better-displayed edges and sedimentological features. Variance, root mean square (RMS), curvature, and envelope attributes were computed from the post-stack 3D seismic data to better visualize and interpret the chaotic and mound-like seismic geometries. Based on the seismic attribute analysis, the chaotic facies were interpreted as barrier reefs forming the margins of an isolated carbonate platform, whereas the small-scale mound-shaped facies was interpreted as patch reefs developed on the platform interior. Data conditioning methods and seismic attribute analysis that were applied to the 3-D seismic data have effectively improved the detection and interpretation of the chaotic and mounded facies in the study area.
Keywords: Carbonate buildup, data conditioning, seismic attributes, Sirte Basin, Libya
MODELING THE PROPERTIES OF THE INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO BASED ON THE REGULARIZING BAYESIAN APPROACH
Authors:   Graduate Student, Financial university, Moscow, Russia, Sergeev Alexey V.
Published: November 2021

The article discusses approaches to modeling the profitability of an investment portfolio. The aspects that complicate the practical application of classical models are noted. The use of Bayesian intelligent technologies based on the regularizing Bayesian approach is proposed and substantiated. A conceptual model of investment portfolio profitability is proposed, which consists of three compact solutions. The composite nature of the selected compact sets is substantiated. Compact sets of solutions of the second level are proposed. Compiled tree of compacts.
POTENTIAL FEATURES OF THE MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHOD
Authors:   Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Institute of Physical Technical Sciences and Information Technologies of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University «IKBFU», Kaliningrad, Russia, Pakhotin Valery A. , Vlasova Ksenia V. ,   Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor, Baltic State Academy of the BGA RF fishing fleet, Kaliningrad, Russia, Simonov Roman V. ,   Postgraduate Student, Institute of Physical Technical Sciences and Information Technologies of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University «IKBFU», Kaliningrad, Russia, Petrov Sergey V. ,   Postgraduate Student, Institute of Physical Technical Sciences and Information Technologies of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University «IKBFU», Kaliningrad, Russia
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the potential possibilities of the maximum likelihood method for solving statistical problems of radio engineering are analyzed. A condition is introduced for the correlation interval of a random vector of parameters of a set of signals, which expands the scope of the maximum likelihood method under conditions of a priori and parametric uncertainty. Proofs are given that the known methods of spectral, correlation analysis, and angular spectral analysis are special cases of the maximum likelihood method. The scope of their application for signal processing is limited. They determine the optimal estimates of the signal parameters only when the adopted implementation contains a single signal. The substantiation of the possibility of obtaining solutions to statistical problems of radio engineering in the field of nonorthogonality of signals, when spectral lines, correlation functions, radiation patterns partially coincide, is given. The issues of solving the problem of separate detection of a set of signals based on the proposed optimal receiver are discussed. The issues of separate estimation of signal parameters in the area of their nonorthogonality are discussed. The conditions of the maximum resolution of signals are analyzed. The possibility of creating maximum likelihood filters based on likelihood equations is discussed. It is shown that such filters allow separating signals in the area of their nonorthogonality. They are the basis for solving the problem of channel sealing in communication systems. They make it possible to develop communication systems with nonorthogonal carrier frequencies. A concrete example shows the possibility of exceeding the speed of information transmission in nonorthogonal communication systems in comparison with the maximum speed, which follows from the Shannon theorem. The paper presents the results of model calculations illustrating the provisions of the theory.
ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF THE FACTORS OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO BASED ON THE REGULARIZING BAYESIAN APPROACH
Authors:   Graduate Student, Financial university, Moscow, Russia, Sergeev Alexey V.
Published: November 2021

The article examines the factors and properties inherent in the external environment for companies – issuers of securities. These factors shape the environment and influence the behavior of the market as a whole, the situation in individual countries, regions, and industries. The systematization of factors is carried out, the causal relationships and the nature of the influence of individual factors on the behavior of securities quotes are indicated. A model of environmental factors based on a regularizing Bayesian approach is proposed.
FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES AND THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, Sokolov Evgeny V. , Kostyrin Evgeny V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, Lasunova Svetlana V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2021

The proposed technology of financing enterprises and the Russian economy, harmoniously combining the interests of working citizens, owners and the state, makes it possible, at quite achievable rates of gross domestic product growth (enterprise revenue) by 3.5% per year, to ensure a 46.6% increase in wages of working citizens over 5 years, which will practically end poverty. To increase contributions to the development fund for 5 years by 25%, which the owners of enterprises and the entire workforce are interested in, since this ensures the growth of their incomes and the possibility of constant modernization and updating of technological equipment and the release of new competitive products. Increase in 5 years (despite a gradual decrease to 14.51% of contributions to the Pension Fund RF) the amount of funds received by budgets of all levels by 22%, which will allow the state to solve many social problems.
SYRIA: THE POTENTIAL FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Institute of Construction and Architecture of the Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Kozhevnikov Konstantin I.
Published: November 2021

The article considers the territorial and natural resource potential of Syria, which can ensure the development of the country's economy and social sphere in the XXI century. In post-conflict conditions. This potential is very diverse and includes, among other things, a strategic aspect - hydrocarbon reserves that have ensured the socio-economic development of the country for several decades. The author comes to the conclusion that at present it is important for Syria not so much to develop and restore the extraction of natural resources, as to improve the quality of human capital, which, in the digital era, has, according to the author, much higher efficiency as a factor of production.
DIGITAL SOCIETY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA: NEW OPPORTUNITIES
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Melanina Maria V. , Ponomareva Viktoria S. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2021

The article examines the features of the formation of the information society in the countries of the Arab East (West Asia and North Africa), justifies the need for the development of digitalization from the point of view of the long-term tasks facing these states in the field of sustainable development, including the need to diversify the economy, production and exports. It is established that the countries of the Arab world have intensified regional cooperation in this direction, and are currently at the stage of forming Arab digital content.
Numerical Investigation of Penetration Characteristics of Preformed Spherical Fragments at Hyper Velocity
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune, 411025, India., Mulabagal Pradeep , Kumaraswamy Adepu ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune, 411025, India., Saxena Ambuj ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, 201306, India.
Published: November 2021

Numerical investigation of penetration characteristics of 6mm SS304 preformed spherical fragments released from a Fragment Generator Warhead (FGW) impacting on Steel 1006 target plate of 1 mm, 3 mm and 6 mm thick in velocity range 1000 m/s to 5000 m/s and impact angle between 0° and 75°, has been carried out using the explicit code LS-Dyna which is predominantly used for solving impact problems. The simulation model employs a strain rate dependent plasticity model viz. Johnson-Cook model supplemented by Gruneisen Equation of State (EoS), to capture the large strain encountered in target plate due to impact of a spherical fragment at high velocities. The simulation model results are presented in terms of crater diameter on the target plate normalised over original fragment diameter. Empirical equations are available in literature to estimate the normalised crater diameter under the same impact conditions employed in simulation models. The simulation model results have been validated with experimental data available in literature and also found to be in good agreement with the results obtained from empirical equations. The effectiveness of the erosion contact algorithm over Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method in LS-Dyna to reasonably predict the behaviour of the target material at high velocities of impact is demonstrated in the current study.
Weather Forecasting Using Decision Tree
Authors:   University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Nonlinear Dynamics Research Lab, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sec-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi-10078, Bhardwaj Rashmi , Duhoon Varsha ,   University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Nonlinear Dynamics Research Lab, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sec-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi-10078
Published: November 2021

The present situation of climate change calls for the need to develop a system which can forecast temperature in advance so that it can be helpful for making polices by government. Decision Trees is a method used to analyse combination of Mathematical & Computational Techniques in order to make description, categorisation & generalisation of given set of data using machine learning to predict behaviour for future performance. In this study the Decision Tree techniques like Quinlan's M5 algorithm (M5P), Reduced Error Pruning Tree (REP Tree), Random Forest, Logit Boosting, Ada Boosting M1Tool are used to analyse the weather parameter Maximum Temperature and Minimum Temperature for Delhi region. Daily data set of 17 months has been used for analysing and forecasting. It is observed that among the techniques of decision tree; Random Forest is much effective than statistical methods as it gives better results in less time and less statistical errors.
Modified deep learning ResNeXt model for Human long bone fracture detection and classification
Authors:   Department of computer Engineering & Applications, GLA University, NH#2, Delhi Mathura Highway, Post Ajhai, Mathura (UP) India, Sharma Ashish , Yadav D. P. ,   Department of computer Engineering & Applications, GLA University, NH#2, Delhi Mathura Highway, Post Ajhai, Mathura (UP) India
Published: November 2021

The field of medical science is going to take advantage of Machine learning. It has increased dramatically over the last decade. Nowadays, you can see other innovations used in medical sciences, such as machine learning and deep learning. They can help to diagnose the illness or cause. It can also aid in the healing process by keeping notes. At a similar pace, an upper hand has been provided to the physicians for image processing by incorporating computers. Bone fractures are normal these days, and the identification of fractures is a critical part of orthopedic X-ray imaging. The automated technique lets the doctor quickly begin medical treatment. Using Machine Learning and CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), we suggest a new deep learning model perform bone diagnosis by eliminating discontinuity followed by segmentation of the image in a system that detects bone fractures. It overcomes the shortcomings of the previous approach that operates only on examination of the texture features. The proposed deep learning modified ResNeXt model performs much better than the state-of arts.
Analysis of Epidemic Model for Performance Evaluation of Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Network
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Galgotias University Uttar Pradesh, India., Awasthi Shashank , Kumar Naresh ,   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Galgotias University Uttar Pradesh, India., Srivastava Pramod Kumar ,   Department of Mathematics, Rajkiya Engineering College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh. India, Ojha Rudra Pratap ,   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G.L.Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: November 2021

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a decentralized network system which consists of sensor nodes, and these nodes are connected through wireless link. Due to decentralized network system and resource constraint WSN faces security threat. Malware (malicious signals, worm, Trajan horse, virus etc.) attacks on the sensor node of WSN and make them paralyze and steal information from the network. Malware attack also increases the energy consumption of Sensor nodes of WSN. It just begins to spread from an infected node, and spread across the entire WSN with the help of neighboring nodes. Therefore, security of WSN against attack of malware is an inescapable need. On the basis of earlier works and consideration of charging mechanism of sensor nodes, and considering the effect of coverage and connectivity, proposed a SILRD (Susceptible - Infectious – Low Energy – Recovered –Dead) model with vital dynamics. The propose model investigates the dynamics of malware propagation in WSN and also explain sensor node’s energy consumption. The system’s stability has analyzed in terms of local and global of malware-free and endemic equilibrium. For the investigation of system dynamics, the expression of basic reproduction number has computed, which is also utilized to analyze state of malware in WSN. The effect of charging, coverage and connectivity is explained in this paper.
Influence of fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer in a tube heat exchanger using H-shape inserts with circular ring
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering,B.T.Kumaon Institute of Technology, Dwarahat Almora, India, Singh Satyendra , Joshi Tarun ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering,B.T.Kumaon Institute of Technology, Dwarahat Almora, India, Kharkwal Himanshi ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering,B.T.Kumaon Institute of Technology, Dwarahat Almora, India
Published: November 2021

The heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a tube heat exchanger using H-shape inserts with circular ring (CRWHS) has been done by computationally and experimentally. In this investigation parameters like ratio of the diameters and pitches are considered. The value of diameter and pitch ratios are (DR=0.8, 0.9), (PR=3, 4) respectively. The main section in which investigation was done is 1.5m long and the hydraulic diameter of the tube is 68.1mm. 1000 W/m2 heat flux was provided in the main section. Heat flux was constant throughout the investigation. Air is used as a working medium in which 6000 to 21000 Reynolds number was used for the investigation. The observation revealed that the increment in heat transfer rate is 4.56 times as compare to smooth tube for the circular ring with H-shape inserts. In case of DR=0.8 and PR=3, maximum thermal performance factor was obtain which is 3.24. In GIT the deviation in Nusselt number & friction factor is limited to ±0.4% & ±0.1% respectively. CFD analysis result comparisons with experimental one are presented in which the maximum deviations for thermal performance factor are limited to ±3.6%.
Kontribusi Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Gogo terhadap Pendapatan Rumahtangga di Desa Lelekaa Kecamatan Wolasi Kabupaten Konawe Selatan
Authors: Nur Farah Aulia , Taridala Sitti Aida Adha , Sadimantara Fahria Nadiryati
Published: November 2021

This research is motivated by the fact that Gogo Rice cultivated by the majority of the community in Lelekaa Village, Wolasi District, South Konawe has the main objective as the main source of food needs in the family. In addition to fulfilling food, Gogo rice is also a farm product that can be managed to increase farm household income. The purpose of this study was to determine how much Gogo rice farm income and its contribution to household income in the Lelekaa village. The location of the study was determined with the consideration that the majority of the people in Lelekaa Village were still consistently planting Gogo rice. The number of samples in this study was 29 people. The data analysis used is descriptive quantitative. There are two research results. First, the average income of upland rice farming in Lelekaa Village, Wolasi Subdistrict, Konawe Selatan Regency is Rp 4.769.144/MT in one year. Second, the contribution of Gogo rice farming income to household income in Lelekaa Village, Wolasi District, Konawe Selatan Regency was 17,92%. The contribution provided by other farms is smaller than Gogo rice farming with a percentage value of 9,28%, while the contribution of non-agricultural income to household income holds the greatest value with a percentage of 72,80%.
Analisis Nilai Tambah (Value Added) serta Pengendalian Stok Bahan Baku Kopi pada Agroindustri “Mahkota” di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu
Authors: Suryanawati Suryanawati , Pusvita Ema , Ogari Putri Ayu
Published: November 2021

Research with the title: "Control Analysis of Raw Material Availability and Value Added Coffee in Agroindustry" Mahkota "in Ogan Komering Ulu District". This research has the aim of knowing the optimal control of dry bean coffee raw material supplies in the "crown" agro-industry in Ogan Komering Ulu District, and to find out how much value-added from dry bean coffee to ground coffee in "crown" agro-industry in Ogan Komering Ulu District. This study uses a simple random sampling method. The sample used 1 agroindustry of MSME Ground coffee with a total sample of 17 people, 2 main respondents were business owners and 15 workers. With the data analysis method using the added value of the Hayami Method. Research yields were the order level of dry bean coffee raw materials in the Mahkota Coffee Powder Agroindustry is not economical. The raw material requirement for dry bean coffee is 100 kgs per order, while the number of economic orders using the EOQ method is 90.3 kgs and the reorder rate of dry bean coffee raw materials in the Mahkota Coffee Powder Agroindustry is efficient because the ROP value is smaller than the EOQ value Ground coffee products in the crown powder Agroindustry provide positive added value. Processing of dry coffee beans into ground coffee provides an added value of Rp20,900 with a value-added ratio of 45.04%
Peran Kelembagaan dalam Sistem Pemasaran Cabai Merah di Sumatera Utara
Authors: Nasution Amelira Haris , Hanter Hanter , Rahman Primananda
Published: November 2021

Fluctuation in the price of red chili pepper is an old problem in the horticultural product trade, moreover, the high level of red chili pepper consumption also has an impact on the sensitivity of red chili pepper prices in the market. The cause of this fluctuation is not only due to production and productivity factors of red chili pepper but also due to distribution factors and the role of marketing of each agency. The purpose of this study was (1) to describe the institutions involved in the marketing of red chili pepper; (2) to analyze the functions and roles of institutions in the marketing of red chili pepper; (3) to analyze the potential of institutional development in producing marketing recommendations system in the future. This research was conducted in North Sumatra by selecting 3 districts, namely Karo Regency, Deli Serdang Regency, and Dairi Regency. The data method used was a survey method with qualitative data analysis. The data used consisted of primary data (observation, interviews, and questionnaires) and secondary data (literature study). The method of processing and data analysis used was descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed: (1) there are 2 main institutions in the marketing of red chili pepper, namely a marketing agency and a farmer institution; (2) those institutions have different roles in the marketing of red chili pepper and the results of the research show that marketing agencies have a bigger role in marketing red chili pepper; (3) the existing STA is the potential for farmer level institutional development. It is necessary to strengthen farmer level institution without forgetting farmers and also marketing institutions that play a role in the red chili marketing system.
Kajian Ekonomi Usahatani Gembili (Dioscorea esculanta) di Kabupaten Muna Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Ariani Wa Ode Rachmasari , Geo Laode
Published: November 2021

The sustainability of Indonesia's economic development is partly determined by the food security factor. The non-rice food crop diversification program is an effort to maintain food security. The Gembili is a type of non-rice food plant besides corn, cassava, sweet potato, peanuts, green beans, and taro. However, efforts to maintain food security through the development of the Gembili food crop agribusiness in Southeast Sulawesi are still not optimal. Muna Regency is one of the areas that have huge potential in the development of Gembili food crop farming. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of income and financial feasibility of Gembili farming. This research was conducted in 2019 in Muna Regency in 2 (two) sub-districts, namely South Wakorumba District and Parigi District which were selected purposively. The study population was all 105 people of the Gembili plant and a sample of 32 people. The sampling method was stratified random (multi-stage sampling). The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis method is descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the average income received by farmers was Rp. 299,625 per farmer per year. Financial feasibility is indicated by the R / C value, which is an average of 1.48, greater than 1 (one), meaning that the development of Gembili plants has been efficiently implemented. The processing of Gembili tubers into various preparations will certainly increase the economic value of the Gembili commodity. However, the local community sells Gembili tubers only in the form of commodities without being processed first, so the income received by farmers is classified as small. The local community has difficulty in developing Gembili farming due to various obstacles, namely the limited technology and production facilities and the difficulty in obtaining quality seeds. Empowerment, counseling, and mentoring as well as other concrete programs are needed to preserve and develop Gembili farming.
Peningkatan Produktivitas dengan Relayout Area Produksi di UKM Keripik Tempe (Studi Kasus di UKM Suka Nicky, Banjarnegara)
Authors: Hidayat Hety Handayani , Wijayanti Nur , Prasetyo Arif
Published: November 2021

SMEs are required to continue to make continuous improvements to increase productivity. One alternative that can be done is to re-layout the facilities and production areas. The main purpose of this research is to identify an increase in productivity with the proposed re-layout. Layout planning is carried out using the ARC (Activity Relations Chart) approach, the area requirements of each production facility, and the limitations of SMEs. From the results of the research conducted from January until March 2020, it is known that the proposed re-layout can improve material handling efficiency in Suka Nicky. Originally 219.75 meters which were taken in 148.5 minutes turned into 194.65 meters with a time of 117.5 minutes. With the decrease in distance and material handling time, the hope is that it can reduce the operational costs of SMEs.
Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Hidroponik di Kelurahan Kambu Kecamatan Kambu Kota Kendari (Studi Kasus Hidroponik Faperta)
Authors: Boer Nilam Permatasari , Abdi Abdi , Gafaruddin Abdul
Published: November 2021

This research investigates the hydroponic business's revenue, analyzes the financial feasibility of a hydroponics business, and analyzes the sensitivity of the economic feasibility of a hydroponic business in Kambu Village, Kambu Sub-district, Kendari City (Studi Case: Hidroponik Faperta). This study aims to find out whether several factors could influence profits and prices in the business. This research was conducted in Kambu Village, Kambu Sub-district, Kendari City, from January 2020 to July 2020. The subject of this research is Hidroponik Faperta. This research uses the study case method. The data analyzed by the researcher is Financial Feasibility Analysis which includes as follows: Net Present Value Analysis, Net Benefit-Cost Ratio Analysis, Internal of Return Analysis, Payback Period Analysis, and Sensitivity Analysis. The results of this study obtained revenue in the first year of this business suffered a loss of Rp.6.438.600,- and in the second year revenue of Rp.175.032.000,-. The result of this research shows that there was also NPV of Rp.70.817.139,- obtained with a discount factor of 20%, Net B/C of 2,16, IRR of 96,8%, the Payback period for one year, four months, and seven days. The financial aspect analysis result could be summarized that business is feasible. Therefore, as the conclusion, this business is still feasible, despite a 15% decrease in vegetable production and 10% increase in seeds prices and hydroponic nutrition prices, each up 10% based on the calculation of the sensitivity analysis
Factors Affecting the Production of the Coffee Farming in Uluway Village Mengkendek Sub District Tana Toraja District
Authors: Mersi Renatha , Padangaran Ayub Manggala , Sadimantara Fahria Nadiryati
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine what factors influence coffee production in Uluway Village, Mengkendek Sub District of Tana Toraja District. The research was conducted from March to May 2020 where these factors include land area, labor, fertilizers, and pesticides. This study aimed to determine what factors influence the people's coffee production in Uluway Village, Mengkendek Sub District of Tana Toraja District. The population of this study was all the farmers who cultivated coffee in Uluway Village, Mengkendek Sub District of Tana Toraja District. The sample of this study was 78 respondents who were determined by using the census method. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative data analysis, the second data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis, and the third. The research results can be drawn from several conclusions, including the coffee farming processing techniques in Uluway Village, namely land preparation, planting, maintenance, harvesting, and postharvest. Factors that have a real effect include land area, fertilizers, and pesticides, while factors that do not affect coffee production are labor
Analysis of Coping Strategy in Overcoming Lack of Food in Coastal Community Households in Lantagi Village, Kulisusu Sub District North Buton District
Authors: Rahman Arif , Limi Muhammad Aswar , Fyka Samsul Alam
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine Coping Strategy Analysis in Overcoming Deficienciesfood carried out by coastal community households in Lantagi Village, Kulisusu District, North Buton Regency. The research was conducted from January to March 2020 in Lantagi Village, Kulisusu District, North Buton Regency. The population in this study amounted to 175 households and the sample was taken by simple random sampling using the Slovin formula, namely 35 households. Coping Strategy Analysis in Overcoming Deficiencies household food using the Shariff and Khor approach which is divided into two categories, namely strategies related to food and strategies related to income or expenditure. The results showed that households in Lantagi Village, Kulisusu District, North Buton Regencyin The strategy to overcome food shortages related to food, the main strategy to be carried out is to reduce the portion of food and purchasing cheaper foodstuffs (substitution) by 77.1% and strategies related to household income or expenditure the main strategy is a strategy to reduce cigarette consumption by 65.7%.
Keputusan Konsumen dalam Melakukan Pembelian di Coffe Shop
Authors: Humaidi Edy , Analianasari Analianasari , Fatih Cholid
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence consumer decisions in making purchases at coffee shops, this study was conducted in three coffee shops in Bandar Lampung, the determination of the three coffee shops was done purposively with a total sample of 60 samples. This research was conducted from May to July. The data analysis method in this study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM analysis in this study uses the SEM PLS (Partial Least Square) technique. The results of the analysis show that of the five variables that are thought to influence purchasing decisions, only one variable has a significant effect, namely the price variable with P-values of 0.013 (<0.05).
Penggunaan Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) dalam Menurunkan Kolesterol Guna Meningkatkan Permintaan Daging Itik Lokal Sumatera Barat
Authors: Suhaemi Zasmeli , Annisa Indah Febrina , Aisyah Aisyah
Published: November 2021

Cattle that have high body weight and low cholesterol production will improve the quality of local male duck meat products in West Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to see the response of local ducks, especially male ducks that were given African Leaf Flour in their rations, to body weight and blood cholesterol content. Because the cholesterol content of foodstuffs greatly determines consumer demand. This research was conducted from 12 September 2020 to 24 December 2020. The treatment that will be given is the use of African Leaf Flour of 5 levels (0%; 0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5% and 2.0%). To see the effect of the treatment, an experimental design was used, namely CRD (completely randomized design), each of which was repeated four times. The sample used was 80 male ducks kept for six weeks (4-10 weeks). The study results illustrate that the increase of African Leaf Flour given will increase the body weight gain (PBB) of ducks, with an increase in PBB of 23.59% in the use of African Leaf Flour 2.0%. Likewise, the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was significantly better (P0.05). Meanwhile, blood HDL content tended to increase along with the increase in the provision of African Leaf Flour. The use of African Leaf Flour up to a level of 2.0% can improve the quality of local duck meat because it results in higher meat production and improves cholesterol content to create a healthy source of animal food, thereby reducing consumer hesitation to consume.
Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Rice Farmers' Decisions Using Direct Seed Planting Technology (Tabela) and Without Tools in Ujung Tanah Village, Mare Sub-District, Bone District, South Sulawesi
Authors: Aksari Riski Ika , Taridala Sitti Aida Adha , Mappasomba Musadar
Published: November 2021

This study analyzes socio-economic factors based on age, education, farming experience, labor, and land area on lowland rice farmers' decision-making using Tabela (direct seed planting) with and without tools in Ujung Tanah Village, Mare Sub-District of Bone District. South Sulawesi. This research was conducted in January-December 2020. This research was conducted in Ujung Tanah Village, Mare Sub-District, Bone District. The population in this study were all lowland rice farmers in Ujung Tanah Village, as many as 347 farmers. Determination of the number of samples was carried out in 2 ways, namely the census method for Tabela tool farmers by taking the total population of 15 farmers and for Tabela farmers without tools by taking 10% members of 10 farmer groups with 332 population numbers, determining the sample using the cluster proportional random sampling technique. With 33 farmers, the total of the samples in this study were 48 people. The data method is logistic regression analysis. The results of this study are that the socio-economic factors that influence the decisions of lowland rice farmers in the use of direct seed planting technology (Table Toola), namely the farming experience variable and the land area variable have a negative effect. In contrast, the labor variable has a positive impact.