bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jean Baudrillard: Simulakranes fremrykning
Authors: Baudrillard Jean , Juhl Carsten
Published: May 2017

"La précession des simulacres”, in: Traverses nr.10, februar 1978, Centre national d’art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1978, s.3-37. Tema: “le simulacre”. Oversat fra fransk af Carsten Juhl. – Siden udgivet med enkelte tilføjelser som den første tekst i Baudrillards antologi Simulacres et simulation, Paris, Galilée, (februar 1981). Den danske oversættelse er forkortet for flere afsnits vedkommende og svarer nøje til den forkortede engelske udgave, der står at læse i Mark Posters udgivelse af Baudrillards Selected Writings, Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1988, s.166-184
Debunking public service? Meta-academic and personal reflections from inside the Swedish Public Service Broadcasting Commission
Authors: Snickars Pelle
Published: May 2017

During the last half of 2015, a number of Swedish publishing and broadcasting companies—Bonnier, Schibsted Sweden, Mittmedia, Bauer Group—agreed to fund and establish a national Public Service Broadcasting Commission. The purpose was to initiate a public debate about the behaviour and operation of Swedish public service broadcasters—in particular, how they affected the commercial media market, and generally, to discuss the role of national public service broadcasting in a networked media environment. I was a Commission member, and this article describes the background, debates and proposals put forward by the Commission. On one hand, it focuses the work of the Commission with an emphasis on the different public debates the Commission stirred. On the other hand, the article will in a meta-scholarly fashion elaborate on the academic tradition of doing scholarly work focused on public service in Sweden. A recurrent notion in the article is hence meta-academic. Importantly, the article stresses the scholarly bias in favour of public service that is usually present within this tradition (primarily emanating from the field of political communication). Thus, the article is devoted to various debates surrounding the work of the Commission and the role of academics within these discussions (including myself). Finally, the article presents a few thoughts about what it might mean for academics to be (or become) lobbyists.
Spacial memory as place in Wordsworth's The Excursion and Rousseau's Reveries of a Solitary Walker
Authors: Martina Veliki Domines
Published: May 2017

This essay takes as its point of departure the idea that we usually experience ourselves in relation to place. The conception of human identity as bound up with the sense of place is not a specifically romantic phenomenon. However, in romanticism place acquires a new significance: it is linked through memory to the events experienced by the self. Thus the romantic self is constituted not only through memory understood as a temporal category but also as a spatial category. Such reading of the chosen romantic texts is contrary to the well-established readings, which prioritize the mind of the writer over the material world. However paradoxical it may seem to regard Rousseau and Wordsworth as ‘bodily writers’, acutely aware of the significance of place, Reveries of a Solitary Walker and The Excursion reveal writers aware of man as a physical being and of his capacity to remember through the body. Therefore, through phenomenological readings of the afore-mentioned texts (drawing on Bachelard, Casey, and Malpas) I will explore the relationship between the mind and the place through such concepts as ‘body memory’, localization of memory, and intersubjective memory.
Crises et conflits au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Bayramzadeh Kamal
Published: May 2017

Cet article analyse les enjeux sécuritaires des conflits au Moyen-Orient et leurs conséquences sur les relations irano-turques, marquées par des divergences relatives à la problématique de la sécurité régionale en fonction de la perception de la sécurité nationale, notamment depuis le conflit syrien. L’étude montre que le changement des rapports de force au Moyen-Orient a créé de nouveaux enjeux sécuritaires porteurs d’aspects politique, militaire, économique et sociétal. Le Moyen-Orient est confronté, d’une part, à une forme inédite de lutte d’influence entre les puissances régionales – notamment l’Arabie saoudite, l’Iran et la Turquie – et, d’autre part, aux activités des acteurs non étatiques impliqués dans la guerre en Syrie et en Irak. Ce nouveau rapport de force a engendré un dilemme de sécurité ; par ailleurs, les crises et les conflits en Irak, en Syrie et au Yémen ont provoqué une situation chaotique.
Israël et la nouvelle donne géopolitique au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Lombardi Roland
Published: May 2017

Plus de cinq ans après le début des « printemps arabes », la donne géopolitique du
Moyen-Orient a été complètement bouleversée. Nous nous proposons dans cet article d’analyser
rapidement les perceptions israéliennes concernant les évolutions de la région durant les
dernières années, tout en essayant de faire un tour d’horizon des nouveaux défis
sécuritaires auxquels Israël devra faire face (menaces de Daech, terrorisme, guerre en
Syrie, tensions au Liban et dans le Sinaï). L’État hébreu a toujours été menacé. Mais les
ennemis ont changé et de nouveaux acteurs sont apparus. Aussi, devant ce bouleversement
régional, nous efforcerons-nous de comprendre comment l’État hébreu va revoir sa doctrine de
défense, mais aussi et surtout comment les responsables et les stratèges israéliens
perçoivent l’« arrivée » de la Russie (depuis son intervention lancée en Syrie à partir de
l’automne 2015) et le « retour » de l’Iran (à la suite de l’accord sur le nucléaire signé le
14 juillet 2015) sur les scènes moyen-orientale et internationale.
Moscou, garant de la logique territoriale face aux réseaux au Moyen-Orient ?
Authors: Mohammedi Adlene
Published: May 2017

Le scepticisme de la Russie devant les soulèvements arabes aurait pu faire craindre un nouvel éloignement entre Moscou et ses partenaires moyen-orientaux après ceux consécutifs à l’invasion de l’Afghanistan et à la chute de l’urss. Au contraire, la crise syrienne, après la déconvenue libyenne, a permis à la Russie de jouer un rôle incontournable. Cela traduit évidemment une évolution dans la conception de la sécurité du territoire russe lui-même. Depuis le début du conflit, et cela explique une acception plus large de la notion de « terrorisme », la Russie affirme défendre avant tout l’État. Le délitement de l’État est synonyme pour Moscou d’autoroutes pour un djihad transnational subi aussi bien à l’extérieur de ses frontières (Afghanistan) qu’à l’intérieur de celles-ci (Tchétchénie).
Case Report: Glatiramer Acetate–Induced Serum Sickness
Authors: Ferguson Paul
Published: May 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system demyelinating disease with a prevalence of approximately 400,000 individuals in the United States. Glatiramer acetate is a frequently prescribed disease-modifying therapy used for the management of relapsing forms of the disease. A 40-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting MS presented with symptomatic concerns of vomiting, fever, diffuse rash, joint and low back pain, and distal lower-limb paresthesia and was subsequently admitted to the hospital for investigation and treatment. She was discharged initially after conservative management with intravenous methylprednisolone and diphenhydramine. She was restarted on glatiramer acetate 3 weeks later and required rehospitalization for similar symptoms 3 days after resumption of the disease-modifying therapy and was diagnosed as having serum sickness.
Employer-Funded Complete Health Improvement Program: Preliminary Results of Biomarker Changes
Authors: Remy Cassady , Shubrook Jay H. , Nakazawa Masato , Drozek David
Published: May 2017

Context

Previous studies of the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) have demonstrated short-term improvements in select metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers in community-based programs. However, less is known about the benefits of an employer-funded lifestyle intervention program.

Objectives

To determine if participation in employer-provided CHIP would result in improvements in short-term metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers, and to compare the results of the current study to a larger national study.

Methods

This observational study evaluated metabolic and cardiovascular biomarker changes in employer health insurance beneficiaries enrolled in CHIP between August 2012 and November 2014. Body mass index; blood pressure (systolic and diastolic); total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting plasma glucose, and triglyceride levels; and weight were measured at baseline and after CHIP.

Results

Of 160 employees enrolled in CHIP, 115 women and 45 men agreed to participate in the study. Overall, the participants demonstrated significant reductions in body mass index, from a baseline average of 31.5 to a post-CHIP average of 30.5 (P<.001), systolic blood pressure from 124.5 to 119.4 mm Hg (P=.017), diastolic blood pressure from 77.3 to 74.5 mm Hg (P=.046), total cholesterol from 186.0 to 168.8 mg/dL (P<.001), low-density lipoprotein from 112.9 to 99.3 mg/dL (P<.001), high-density lipoprotein from 48.8 to 46.4 mg/dL (P<.001), and fasting plasma glucose from 100.8 to 96.5 mg/dL (P<.001).

Conclusion

When funded by an employer, CHIP demonstrated short-term improvements in select metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers. Future studies will analyze these data to determine whether these findings translate into subsequent decreased employee absenteeism and reduced beneficiary health claims.
Introducing High School Students to Careers in Osteopathic Medicine
Authors: Wilson Nedra F.
Published: May 2017

An aging population and expansion of health care coverage under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act have led to a predicted deficit of primary care physicians by 2025. In response, medical schools must develop new strategies to identify students early in their educational pathways to encourage exploration of careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, especially medicine. Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences developed 2 internship programs, Oklahoma Science Training and Research Students (OKStars) and Native OKStars, to introduce high school students to osteopathic medicine. Native OKStars was designed to encourage Native American students, who are underrepresented in STEM fields, to pursue osteopathic medicine. These programs provided students with a 6-week immersion in biomedical research, along with weekly discussion groups with mentors. Participant questionnaire responses suggested that these programs were effective in introducing them to careers in osteopathic medicine as well as other STEM fields.
Reduplication in Kurukh: A Study in Word-formation Processes and Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Vandana Lakra Alisha , Rahman Md. Mojibur
Published: May 2017

Change is the nature of every  living language for better communication. These changes can be phonological, morphological, syntactical and lexical, because of various linguistic affects. The synchronic and diachronic study of language proves that it enriches the vocabulary of the language. Another reason for the enrichment of vocabulary is through morphological word formation process which are mainly inflectional, derivational, compounding and reduplication, etc. Reduplication is implicit to phonological (sounds and prosodic units) and morphological (word constituents) components. It occurs in many languages and helps in the formation of new words. The present study concentrates on the process of reduplication Kurukh and the role of reduplication  in acquiring vocabulary.
Some Empirical Perspectives on Foreign Language Learning in Sudan
Authors: Ishag Adil
Published: May 2017

This study attempted to provide a general view of the situation and perspective on foreign language learning and teaching at the tertiary level in Sudan, with special focus on English and German. It further explored motivation and reasons for majoring in English and German among Sudanese students and the level of satisfaction in studying theses languages as major disciplines. Additionally, students’ knowledge of foreign languages and their preferences for learning certain foreign languages have been reported. In order to achieve the objective of this study, a questionnaire was administered to a sample composed of 148 students majoring in English and 73 Students majoring in German, at the University of Khartoum. The obtained results revealed that Sudanese students in both departments were highly satisfied in majoring in English and German, however students were majoring in English mostly due to personal interest, while there were more students majoring in German due to entry requirement than those in the English department. Furthermore, students have shown varying degrees of interest in learning other languages such as Chinese, Spanish, French and Italian. Finally, based on the findings of the study, a number of proposals have been made, which might contribute to the improvement of foreign language learning and teaching in Sudan.
An Authentic Learning Environment Based on Video Project among Arabic Learners
Authors: Che Mat Azman , Awang Azarudin , Zulfadhli Nokman Ahmad , Musilehat Nurshaifura , Fakrulazizi Abu Bakar Ahmad
Published: May 2017

Role playing is among the language activities that stimulate language learners to use the language they are learning. However, a successful activity is always challenging especially when the learners are beginners. Therefore, a special arrangement needs to be carried out by instructors. This article explores the use of storyboards, or ‘PCVA’, to help Arabic learners prepare for their video project based on role playing. Blended methods were used to collect data, namely surveys, interviews, and observations. The target participants were among degree students from second level (TAC451) and third level (TAC501) of Arabic course. The total number of the participants is 87 respondents. Interview and observation were conducted during consultation period and then, related information was documented for the purpose of the study. Descriptive analysis was implemented to interpret the data. The findings showed a positive feedback from the learners who were involved in the experiment.
A Study of the Language Learning Motivation of Saudi Military Cadets
Authors: Alqahtani Ali Falah
Published: May 2017

Using Dörnyei’s  (2009) L2 Motivational Self System as the main theoretical framework, this paper reports a study of Saudi military cadets’ motivation to learn English. The study aimed to: a) investigate the usefulness of Dörnyei’s model for understanding and explaining English language motivation in this global context; b) capture other motivational factors seen to be relevant to the designated group’s motivation to learn English. A sample of 194 Saudi military cadets participated in the survey. Correlation and regression analysis of the data support the usefulness of the L2 Motivational Self System in assessing participants’ motivation to learn English. Language Learning Attitudes was found to be the best predictor of self-reported learning effort. In addition, Instrumentality Promotion and Instrumentality Prevention proved to be strong predictors of self-reported learning effort. Finally, the study hypothesised that a new construct ‘Religious Interest’ impacted on participants’ motivation to learn English, and regression analysis showed this was also a strong predictor of self-reported learning effort.
Teaching Word Formation Rules and Vocabulary Knowledge Expansion: Proactive Versus Reactive Focus on Form
Authors: Rashtchi Mojgan , Pirali Fatemeh
Published: May 2017

Focus on form (FonF) instruction has been the source of much debate in the domain of SLA and different studies have addressed its impact on different language skills and sub skills.  The present study employed proactive and reactive FonF instructions to teach word formation rules to enhance the learners’ vocabulary knowledge. In order to obtain comprehensive results, we adopted a mixed methods design and performed the study in three phases with six different groups of learners. Two groups of the pre-intermediate learners in each phase were selected and assigned to reactive and proactive FonF instructions. The participants took a word formation multiple-choice pretest, received the treatment for 16 weekly sessions, and participated in a posttest. Moreover, we used a checklist to keep a record of the participants’ attitudes, behaviors, and grammatical errors during the treatment that we believed could improve the quality of our treatment in the following phases.  Another checklist helped us examine the consistency of the teachers’ classroom activities with the modes of instruction. The teacher’s responses to the checklists helped us to gather the qualitative data that could improve the subsequent phases. The means of the groups in each phase were compared via an independent samples t-test before and after the instruction. The results indicated that in the first and second phases there were significant differences between the word formation knowledge of the learners in the proactive and reactive FonF groups while in the third phase no statistically significant difference was observed with regard to the groups’ word formation knowledge.
Between Mahmoud Darwish and Mohammed Al-Thubaiti a Textual Approach to “Now, in Exile” and “Consort”
Authors: SuleimanAl-sauodi Mohammad
Published: May 2017

This research aims at studying the affectivity and influence in Mahmoud Darwish’s “Now, in Exile” from the collection Almond Blossoms and Beyond and Mohammed Al-Thubaiti’s “Consort” from the collection The Sand Position. It also examines the image of the moon in both poems. Al-Thubaiti was consciously influenced by Darwish’s experience with the moon, as they both harmoniously evoked the image of the moon / full moon in their poems, even though they had different attitudes toward it. The intertextuality between them and the story of Prophet Yusuf with al-'Azeez’s wife was the point of convergence. Also the pronouns, (me and you), shift with their effect on the meaning as well as rhyme which was more prominent than any other style of rhythm in the poems. The study concludes that a relationship of similarity and convergence emerges between both poems in terms of vision and form.
Sir Richard Burton as Totemic Pantomime Demon in Postcolonial Theory
Authors: Wallen John
Published: May 2017

The present article examines the ways in which the travels and journeys in Arabia and other Muslim lands of Richard Francis Burton, the nineteenth-century explorer and writer have, since the influential work of EdwardW. Said on Orientalism, been somewhat undervalued by contemporaries. It aims to offer a re-evaluation of those works and their contribution to Victorian knowledge. It will also offer a challenge to Said’s account of Burton and, particularly in the second part, look at ways in which Burton has been viewed more generally by post-colonial theorists since Said’s influential work.
The Incidental Acquisition of English Nominal Structures by a Young EFL Learner under Comprehension-based Lessons
Authors: Rasuki Muhlisin
Published: May 2017

This paper reports incidental acquisition of English nominal structures by a young EFL learner under comprehension-based lessons. The learner was exposed to a series of English sentences containing the target structures through listen-and-do activities. These activities required that the learner select different items based on the instructions given by the researcher. The exposure took place between 40 and 60 minutes in total spread over 3 days. In the fourth day, the learner was asked to give instructions (in English) to the researcher to select particular items. The learner’s task performance was then transcribed and analyzed using complexity and accuracy measures. The results indicated that comprehension-based lessons were effective in facilitating incidental acquisition the target structures for the learner.
Analysis of Inserted Clauses in the Legal Discourse from the Pragmatic Perspective
Authors: Karapetyan Ruzanna , Apresyan Margaret
Published: May 2017

The aim of the given study is to examine the use of inserted clauses in the legal discourse and their unique role in this speech genre.  The investigation of the topic is conducted in line with the principles of Functional Discourse Grammar. In the course of analysis we apply the theory of speech acts, namely performatives, the fundamental tenets of which permit to view the specific combination of shall+inserted clause as a particular feature of legal discourse.  These overcomplicated grammatical structures are shown to fulfill the immediate function of performatives, that of enacting legal acts and doing things in the pragmatic sense of word, to the full extent.
Dosing strategies for switching from oral risperidone to paliperidone palmitate: Effects on clinical outcomes
Authors: Hsia Stephanie L. , Leckband Susan G. , Rao Sanjai , Jackson Elizabeth , Lacro Jonathan P.
Published: May 2017

Introduction:

There are currently no guidelines for switching patients from oral risperidone to paliperidone palmitate (Invega Sustenna®). Furthermore, the paliperidone long-acting injectable (LAI) package insert does not recommend bridging with oral antipsychotics, which may result in inadequate serum concentrations in patients on ≥4 mg/d risperidone.

Methods:

This study evaluated the effects of suboptimal dosing and bridging in patients switched from oral risperidone to paliperidone LAI on hospitalization days, emergency department (ED)/mental health urgent care visits, and no-shows/cancellations to mental health appointments. Patients were categorized into optimal or suboptimal dosing based on their loading and maintenance paliperidone doses. Patients on risperidone ≥4 mg/d were categorized as bridged if they received risperidone for ≥7 days after the first paliperidone injection.

Results:

There were no significant differences in outcomes between optimally and suboptimally dosed patients. There were statistically significant reductions in hospitalization days in patients who were bridged compared with patients who were not bridged. There were statistically significant reductions in hospitalization days and ED/mental health urgent care visits after switching to paliperidone LAI.

Discussion:

The results of this study indicate that bridging patients who are on ≥4 mg/d risperidone, when converting to paliperidone LAI, is associated with reductions in hospitalization days. However, more research is required to determine the optimal dose and duration of the bridge. The results also indicate that switching patients from oral risperidone to paliperidone LAI, even if the dose is suboptimal, is associated with reductions in hospitalization days and ED/mental health urgent care visits.
A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of a medicines education group in a mental health inpatient setting: A UK perspective
Authors: White Daniel , Wright Max , Baber Bonita , Barrera Alvaro
Published: May 2017

Introduction:

It is estimated that up to 50% of medications for long-term conditions are not taken as prescribed. In mental health conditions, poor adherence leads to increased relapse, suicide rates, and hospitalizations. It is recommended that health care professionals aim to elicit and address beliefs and attitudes about medication, and to understand the patient's experience of taking them, as these, among other factors, affect adherence rates. This study evaluated a pilot trial of a medicines group for adult inpatients on an acute mental health ward.

Methods:

This study comprises a pilot service evaluation of a medicines education group through the descriptive analysis of data obtained using a tailored outcome measure using validated experience and attitude measures. The medicines education group was designed by a multidisciplinary team and focused on eliciting perceptual and practical barriers to adherence, lived experience, psychoeducation, and shared problem solving. The group was run during a period of 3 months and was compared to a baseline data set.

Results:

In total there were 35 medicine group attendees, there were 3 dropouts, and the outcome measure was fully completed in 68% of cases, with only 4 refusing, indicating this pilot evaluation was feasible and acceptable. Descriptive analysis found that on average, group attendees reported a better understanding of the purpose and side effects of their medication, and felt more involved in decisions about their medicines compared with the baseline data set.

Discussion:

This pilot evaluation found that running a novel medicines education group, targeting perceptual and practical barriers to adherence, was acceptable to attendees and feasible to deliver on an adult psychiatric inpatient unit.
Early detection of an atypical presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A case report
Authors: Vickery P. Brittany , Meadowcraft Lindsy , Vickery Stephen B.
Published: May 2017

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which is considered a neurologic emergency, is believed to be caused by exposure to dopamine antagonist or withdrawal from a dopamine agonist. This article reports a case of suspected atypical NMS in a patient following rapid conversion of ziprasidone to risperidone without titration. While the initial presentation did not fully meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, diagnostic features, a sequential treatment strategy was initiated and the patient appropriately responded to antipsychotic cessation in addition to combination therapy with dantrolene and bromocriptine. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prognosis are discussed.
A Monte Carlo model of crustal field influences on solar energetic particle precipitation into the Martian atmosphere
Authors: Jolitz R. D. , Dong C. F. , Lee C. O. , Lillis R. J. , Brain D. A. , Curry S. M. , Bougher S. , Parkinson C. D. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: April 2017

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) can precipitate directly into the atmospheres of weakly magnetized planets, causing increased ionization, heating, and altered neutral chemistry. However, strong localized crustal magnetism at Mars can deflect energetic charged particles and reduce precipitation. In order to quantify these effects, we have developed a model of proton transport and energy deposition in spatially varying magnetic fields, called Atmospheric Scattering of Protons and Energetic Neutrals. We benchmark the model's particle tracing algorithm, collisional physics, and heating rates, comparing against previously published work in the latter two cases. We find that energetic nonrelativistic protons precipitating in proximity to a crustal field anomaly will primarily deposit energy at either their stopping altitude or magnetic reflection altitude. We compared atmospheric ionization in the presence and absence of crustal magnetic fields at 50°S and 182°E during the peak flux of the 29 October 2003 “Halloween storm” SEP event. The presence of crustal magnetic fields reduced total ionization by ~30% but caused ionization to occur over a wider geographic area.
Microphysical explanation of the RH‐dependent water affinity of biogenic organic aerosol and its importance for climate
Authors: Rastak N. , Pajunoja A. , Acosta Navarro J. C. , Ma J. , Song M. , Partridge D. G. , Kirkevåg A. , Leong Y. , Hu W. W. , Taylor N. F. , Lambe A. , Cerully K. , Bougiatioti A. , Liu P. , Krejci R. , Petäjä T. , Percival C. , Davidovits P. , Worsnop D. R. , Ekman A. M. L. , Nenes A. , Martin S. , Jimenez J. L. , Collins D. R. , Topping D.O. , Bertram A. K. , Zuend A. , Virtanen A. , Riipinen I.
Published: April 2017

A large fraction of atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) originates from natural emissions that are oxidized in the atmosphere to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Isoprene (IP) and monoterpenes (MT) are the most important precursors of SOA originating from forests. The climate impacts from OA are currently estimated through parameterizations of water uptake that drastically simplify the complexity of OA. We combine laboratory experiments, thermodynamic modeling, field observations, and climate modeling to (1) explain the molecular mechanisms behind RH‐dependent SOA water‐uptake with solubility and phase separation; (2) show that laboratory data on IP‐ and MT‐SOA hygroscopicity are representative of ambient data with corresponding OA source profiles; and (3) demonstrate the sensitivity of the modeled aerosol climate effect to assumed OA water affinity. We conclude that the commonly used single‐parameter hygroscopicity framework can introduce significant error when quantifying the climate effects of organic aerosol. The results highlight the need for better constraints on the overall global OA mass loadings and its molecular composition, including currently underexplored anthropogenic and marine OA sources.
On the early fate of hydrothermal iron at deep‐sea vents: A reassessment after in situ filtration
Authors: Waeles M. , Cotte L. , Pernet‐Coudrier B. , Chavagnac V. , Cathalot C. , Leleu T. , Laës‐Huon A. , Perhirin A. , Riso R. D. , Sarradin P.‐M.
Published: April 2017

Deep‐sea hydrothermal venting is now recognized as a major source of iron (Fe), an essential trace element that controls marine productivity. However, the reactions occurring during dispersal from buoyant plumes to neutrally buoyant hydrothermal plumes are still poorly constrained. Here we report for the first time on the dissolved‐particulate partition of Fe after in situ filtration at the early stage of mixing at different hydrothermal discharges, i.e., Lucky Strike (37°N), TAG (26°N), and Snakepit (23°N) on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. We found that hydrothermal iron is almost completely preserved (>90%) in the dissolved fraction, arguing for low iron‐bearing sulfide precipitation of iron in basalt‐hosted systems with low Fe:H2S ratios. This result can only be explained by a kinetically limited formation of pyrite. The small part of Fe being precipitated as sulfides in the mixing gradient (<10%) is restricted to the inclusion of Fe in minerals of high Cu and Zn content. We also show that secondary venting is a source of Fe‐depleted hydrothermal solutions. These results provide new constrains on Fe fluxes from hydrothermal venting.
Intraseasonal sea surface warming in the western Indian Ocean by oceanic equatorial Rossby waves
Authors: Rydbeck Adam V. , Jensen Tommy G. , Nyadjro Ebenezer S.
Published: April 2017

A novel process is identified whereby equatorial Rossby (ER) waves maintain warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies against cooling by processes related to atmospheric convection in the western Indian Ocean. As downwelling ER waves enter the western Indian Ocean, SST anomalies of +0.15°C develop near 60°E. These SST anomalies are hypothesized to stimulate convective onset of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation. The upper ocean warming that manifests in response to downwelling ER waves is examined in a mixed layer heat budget using observational and reanalysis products, respectively. In the heat budget, horizontal advection is the leading contributor to warming, in part due to an equatorial westward jet of 80 cm s−1 associated with downwelling ER waves. When anomalous currents associated with ER waves are removed in the budget, the warm intraseasonal temperature anomaly in the western Indian Ocean is eliminated in observations and reduced by 55% in reanalysis.
Ice lollies: An ice particle generated in supercooled conveyor belts
Authors: Keppas S. Ch. , Crosier J. , Choularton T. W. , Bower K. N.
Published: April 2017

On 21 January 2009, a maturing low‐pressure weather system approached the UK along with several associated frontal systems. As a part of the Aerosol Properties, PRocesses And InfluenceS on the Earth's climate‐Clouds project, an observational research flight took place in southern England, sampling the leading warm front of this system. During the flight, a distinctive hydrometeor type was repeatedly observed which has not been widely reported in previous studies. We refer to the hydrometeors as “drizzle‐rimed columnar ice” or “ice lollies” for short due to their characteristic shape. We discuss the processes that led to their formation using in situ and remote sensing data.
Rupture process of the 2016 Wharton Basin strike‐slip faulting earthquake estimated from joint inversion of teleseismic and tsunami waveforms
Authors: Gusman Aditya Riadi , Satake Kenji , Harada Tomoya
Published: April 2017

The 2016 Wharton Basin strike‐slip faulting earthquake generated a small tsunami that was clearly recorded at deep ocean stations. Teleseismic inversions were made on four different nodal planes suggested by Global Centroid Moment Tensor and W‐phase solutions. Tsunami waveforms computed for the north‐south striking westward dipping plane were most similar to the observations. With this fault plane, joint inversions of teleseismic and tsunami waveforms were used to estimate the kinematic rupture process. The weights of teleseismic and tsunami waveforms were found to make both data sets equally contribute to the solution. Misfit analysis of both data sets favored a rupture model with rupture front speed of 2.0 km/s. The seismic moment was estimated to be 7.69 × 1020 Nm (Mw 7.9), most of it was released within 30 s and it peaked at 15 s. Subfaults with slip larger than 5 m were located from near surface to 30 km depth.
Role of lower hybrid waves in ion heating at dipolarization fronts
Authors: Greco A. , Artemyev A. , Zimbardo G. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A.
Published: April 2017

One of the important sources of hot ions in the magnetotail is the bursty bulk flows propagating away from the reconnection region and heating the ambient plasma. Charged particles interact with nonlinear magnetic field pulses (dipolarization fronts, DFs) embedded into these flows. The convection electric fields associated with DF propagation are known to reflect and accelerate ambient ions. Moreover, a wide range of waves is observed within/near these fronts, the electric field fluctuations being dominated by the lower hybrid drift (LHD) instability. Here we investigate the potential role of these waves in the further acceleration of ambient ions. We use a LHD wave emission profile superimposed on the leading edge of a two‐dimensional model profile of a DF and a test particle approach. We show that LHD waves with realistic amplitudes can significantly increase the upper limit of energies gained by ions. Wave‐particle interaction near the front is more effective in producing superthermal ions than in increasing the flux of thermal ions. Comparison of test particle simulations and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations show that ion acceleration by LHD waves is more important for slower DFs.
Electron temperature maps of the low solar corona: ISCORE results from the total solar eclipse of 1 August 2008 in China
Authors: Reginald Nelson L. , Davila Joseph M. , St. Cyr Orville C. , Rabin Douglas M.
Published: April 2017

We conducted an experiment in conjunction with the total solar eclipse of 1 August 2008 in China to determine the thermal electron temperature in the low solar corona close to the solar limb. The instrument, Imaging Spectrograph of Coronal Electrons (ISCORE), consisted of an 8 inch f/10 Schmidt Cassegrain telescope with a thermoelectrically cooled CCD camera at the focal plane. Results are electron temperatures of 1 MK at 1.08 R⊙ and 1.13 R⊙ from the Sun center in the polar and equatorial regions, respectively. This experiment confirms the results of an earlier experiment conducted in conjunction with the total eclipse of 29 March 2006 in Libya, and results are that at a given coronal height the electron temperature in the polar region is larger than at the equatorial region. In this paper we show the importance of using the correct photospheric spectrum pertinent to the solar activity phase at the time of the experiment, which is a required parameter for modeling the underlying theoretical concept for temperature interpretation of the measured intensity ratios using color filters.
Plasma sheet injections into the inner magnetosphere: Two‐way coupled OpenGGCM‐RCM model results
Authors: Cramer W. D. , Raeder J. , Toffoletto F. R. , Gilson M. , Hu B.
Published: April 2017

Plasma sheet injections associated with low flux tube entropy bubbles have been found to be the primary means of mass transport from the plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere. This phenomenon has been primarily studied with satellite data and stand‐alone ring current models with artificial boundary conditions. This study introduces a new two‐way coupling between a kinetic ring current model (Rice Convection Model, or RCM) and a global magnetosphere MHD model (Open Geospace General Circulation Model, or OpenGGCM). Multiple geomagnetic storms and one period of quiet are modeled to track and characterize inward flow behavior. Simulations show that (1) there is a clear association of plasma sheet injections with bubbles, (2) the majority of inward plasma transport in the magnetotail beyond 6.6 RE is due to bubbles, regardless of storm activity, and (3) the average peak velocity of injections is higher for increasing downtail distances, stronger storms (when compared with storms having similar drivers), and storms driven by corotating interaction regions (when compared with coronal mass ejection‐driven storms of similar strength).
Cobalt‐Porphyrin‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Buchner Reaction and Arene Cyclopropanation of In Situ Generated Alkyl Diazomethanes
Authors: Wang Haixu , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: April 2017

Cobalt(II)‐porphyrin catalyzed intramolecular Buchner reaction and arene cyclopropanation of alkyl diazomethanes generated in situ from N‐tosylhydrazones gave a range of bicyclic cycloheptatriene fused pyrrolidines and tetracyclic cyclopropane fused pyrrolidines in good to high yields and with high chemo‐ and regioselectivities. The obtained cyclopropane fused pyrrolidines can be readily converted into other N‐heterocycles with potential synthetic and biological interest.

magnified image
Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclopentane‐Substituted Oxindoles via Organocatalytic Desymmetrization of Cyclopent‐4‐ene‐1,3‐diones
Authors: Zhi Ying , Zhao Kun , Wang Ai , Englert Ullrich , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter
Published: April 2017

The highly enantioselective desymmetrization of prochiral cyclopent‐4‐ene‐1,3‐diones has been developed via an organocatalytic Michael reaction. This desymmetrization protocol is efficiently catalyzed by 10 mol% of a bifunctional squaramide, offering a short entry into a series of cyclopentane‐substituted oxindoles bearing two quaternary and one tertiary stereocenters in good yields and high stereoselectivities.

magnified image
Ultraviolet protection of recycled polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Curtzwiler Greg W. , Williams Eric B. , Maples Austin L. , Davis Nathan W. , Bahns Ted L. , Eliseo De León J. , Vorst Keith L.
Published: April 2017

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is commonly used for food packaging due to its high clarity, high resistance to water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeation, and good mechanical properties. However, its high transmittance in the ultraviolet‐A (UVA) region leaves food susceptible to UV‐induced degradation reactions. Incorporating post‐consumer recycled (PCR) PET into virgin PET increased UVA absorption 100% when utilizing 100% PCR‐PET, thus, increasing the protection potential of food packaging by reducing UVA‐induced degradation reactions. Comparison of the current data with previous work demonstrated the reproducibility of UVA protection independent of the PC flake source. The thickness‐normalized absorbance at 350 nm was a reliable predictor of the UVA protection potential regardless of composition and manufacture date. Raman, fluorescence, and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses provided support that the UVA absorbing moiety was a quinone derivative formed during degradation reactions that are known to occur during melt processing/re‐processing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45181.
Establishing the True Structure of the Sorbicillinoid‐Derived Isolate Rezishanone C by Total Synthesis
Authors: Yan Qiao , Banwell Martin G. , Coote Michelle L. , Lee Richmond , Willis Anthony C.
Published: April 2017

The enantiomer, ent‐4, of the true structure, 4, of the sorbicillinoid rezishanone C (sorbivinetone) has been synthesized from a homochiral cis‐1,2‐dihydrocatechol that is itself generated through the whole‐cell biotransformation of toluene. These studies together with dispersion‐corrected DFT calculations support the proposal that rezishanone C is an artefact of the isolation process and arises through a Diels–Alder reaction between ethyl vinyl ether and sorbicillinol (3).
Cerebral blood flow evaluation of intensive rosuvastatin therapy in stroke/transient ischemic attack patients with intracranial arterial atherosclerotic stenosis study: Rationale and design
Authors: Zhang Xuting , Zhou Ying , Zhang Sheng , Ding Wenhong , Lou Min
Published: April 2017

Introduction

The risk of recurrent stroke is high in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Statin use has been demonstrated to decrease the incidence of stroke by reducing atherosclerotic plaque burden. However, its effect on the hemodynamic situation and cerebral perfusion status has not yet been validated. With the use of computed tomography perfusion (CTP), we aim to evaluate the impact of Rosuvastatin on cerebral hemodynamic changes, as well as the downstream perfusion.

Method

Cerebral bood flow evaluation of intensive rosuvastatin therapy in patients with intracranial arterial atherosclerotic stenosis (CEIRIS) is a single‐center, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group, and open‐label trial, and it will include 50 participants as estimated. Patients with moderate to severe (50%–99%) ICAS are randomized 1:1 to 10 mg/day or 20 mg/day Rosuvastatin and followed every 13 weeks until 52 weeks. The primary outcome for the trial is the change in the relative regional cerebral blood flow evaluated by CTP after 52 weeks of Rosuvastatin treatment. The secondary outcomes are cerebral blood volume, change in the degree of stenosis of the target vessel and lipid parameters.

Conclusion

The CEIRIS trial about the effects of statin on the temporal hemodynamic progression of ICAS may extend our understanding of the basic pathophysiology and mechanisms of stroke in ICAS patients.
Novel Heterogeneous Hybrid of Yolk−Shell CuO@CuFe2O4: Facile Synthesis and Enhanced Lithium‐Storage Performance
Authors: Liu Peng , Lei Wu , Xia Xifeng , Hao Qingli
Published: April 2017

Constructing heterogeneous components with a yolk−shell structure is highly desirable for improving the lithium‐storage performance of metal oxides, owing to the unique synergies of nanostructures and composite materials. In this work, a novel heterogeneous hybrid of yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 was synthesized through a simple two‐step method. Starting with Cu2O, the yolk−shell precursor was prepared through an interfacial reaction. After subsequent heat treatment of the precursor in air, yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 was obtained. A reasonable mechanism for the formation process of the yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 has been presented. The relatively high electrical conductivity of CuFe2O4, unique yolk−shell structure, and firm shell of the CuO@CuFe2O4 account for the extremely enhanced electrochemical properties compared to bare CuO. In particular, discharge capacities of 505 and 36 mA h g−1 were delivered after 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1 by the yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 and bare CuO, respectively. This work not only provides a promising alternative anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, but also develops a new strategy to design the nanostructure and components of metal oxides for application in lithium‐ion batteries.
Synthesis and Multi‐Responsive Self‐Assembly of Cationic Poly(caprolactone)–Poly(ethylene glycol) Multiblock Copolymers
Authors: Nutan Bhingaradiya , Singh Chandel Arvind K. , Jewrajka Suresh K.
Published: April 2017

Individual dissimilar blocks were combined to obtain well‐defined AnBn and (A–B–A)n types of cationic amphiphilic multiblock copolymers (MBCs) through mild sequential nucleophilic substitution without formation of byproducts. MBCs were synthesized by reacting end‐functional polymer blocks of poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and PCL‐b‐PEG‐b‐PCL. For selective degradation, acid‐ and base‐labile ester as well as reducible disulfide groups were introduced as linkers between the blocks. The micellar self‐assemblies of these MBCs showed exceptional stability under normal physiological conditions with negligible release of the guest molecules. Selective disassembly under mildly acidic and basic conditions or in the presence of reducing agents caused triggered release of the guest molecules. This strategy is versatile and opens an opportunity to obtain a variety of tailor‐made MBCs for selective and triggered release of therapeutics.
An extremely rare splice site mutation in the gene encoding complement factor I in a patient with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Ipe Tina S. , Lim Jooeun , Reyes Meredith Anne , Ero Mike , Leveque Christopher , Lewis Bradley , Kain Jamey
Published: April 2017

Background

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and acute kidney failure. The disease is difficult to diagnose due to its similarity with other hematologic disorders, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). However, genetic mutations are found in 50–70% of patients with aHUS and can be useful in its diagnosis.

Study design and methods

A 40‐year‐old male presented to our hospital with acute kidney injury, evidenced by high creatinine levels (8.3 mg/dL) and kidney biopsy results. The patient was preliminarily diagnosed with TTP and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was initiated. After four treatments, TPE was discontinued due to lack of ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitor assay results that were not consistent with TTP, improved hematologic laboratory results, and aHUS genetic testing results.

Results

Next‐generation sequencing showed a rare mutation at a splice site in the gene encoding complement factor I (CFI). Implication of this mutation in aHUS has not been previously described. Treatment with eculizumab reduced creatinine levels below 4.0 mg/dL, and the patient remained on maintenance dosage of eculizumab (1200 mg/14 days) to prevent aHUS recurrence.

Conclusion

An extremely rare, heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding CFI likely affecting splicing was associated for the first time with aHUS. Sequencing was critical for rapid diagnosis and subsequent timely treatment with eculizumab, which resulted in improved renal function.