bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning Model for Predicting Stock Prices in Tanzania
Authors: Joseph Samuel , Mduma Neema , Nyambo Devotha
Published: April 2023

Stock price prediction models help traders to reduce investment risk and choose the most profitable stocks. Machine learning and deep learning techniques have been applied to develop various models. As there is a lack of literature on efforts to utilize such techniques to predict stock prices in Tanzania, this study attempted to fill this gap. This study selected active stocks from the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange and developed LSTM and GRU deep learning models to predict the next-day closing prices. The results showed that LSTM had the highest prediction accuracy with an RMSE of 4.7524 and an MAE of 2.4377. This study also aimed to examine whether it is significant to account for the outstanding shares of each stock when developing a joint model for predicting the closing prices of multiple stocks. Experimental results with both models revealed that prediction accuracy improved significantly when the number of outstanding shares of each stock was taken into account. The LSTM model achieved an RMSE of 10.4734 when the outstanding shares were not taken into account and 4.7524 when they were taken into account, showing an improvement of 54.62%. However, GRU achieved an RMSE of 12.4583 when outstanding shares were not taken into account and 8.7162 when they were taken into account, showing an improvement of 30.04%. The best model was implemented in a web-based prototype to make it accessible to stockbrokers and investment advisors.
A Deep Learning-Based approach to Segregate Solid Waste Generated in Residential Areas
Authors: Sundaralingam Sathiyapoobalan , Ramanathan Neela
Published: April 2023

Residential waste is a substantial contributor to solid waste generation, which is approximately around 36.5 million tons annually in India. The waste created in households is not separated at the source. All waste is accumulated in a single waste bin and stashed in a nearby public waste bin, resulting in a massive amount of waste being dumped in landfills and also infused with other types of waste, causing environmental pollution. The core objective of this research is to develop a household waste segregator using the TensorFlow object detection model and Arduino microcontroller. The SSD MobileNet V2 model has been trained with a household dataset consisting of paper, plastic, metal, organic waste, glass, and one more additional empty class to detect whether waste is placed for detection or not. This proposed system can predict the waste class and segregate it into their specific dustbin with mean Average Precision (mAP) and recall of 86.5% and 88.3%, respectively. Waste segregation and recycling can reduce landfills, lower carbon footprints, increase recycling, recover value from garbage, and lower greenhouse gases emitted from waste. Segregation at the source will reduce the cost of the segregation process carried by the municipal solid waste management.
A Theoretical-Experimental Study on the Influence of FDM Parameters on the Dimensions of Cylindrical Spur Gears Made of PLA
Authors: Zisopol Dragos Gabriel , Minescu Mihail , Iacob Dragos Valentin
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the results of a theoretical-experimental study on the influence of FDM parameters (height of the deposited layer at one pass Hs and percentage of filling Pu) on the dimensions of cylindrical spur gears made of PLA (shaft diameter d and bore diameter D). In this context, we designed the 3D model of a cylindrical gear with module m= 1 and z= 60 spur teeth, which we used for FDM 3D printing of 27 PLA parts with different values of coating height deposited at a pitch Hs of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20mm and different values 50, 75, and 100% of filling percentage Pu. The 324 values obtained from measuring the diameters d and D of 27 cylindrical spur gears made of PLA and the calculated values of statistical indicators (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, dispersion) were used to determine the dimensional accuracy of the analyzed parts. The study results show that the percentage of filling has a greater influence than the shaft diameter on the dimensional accuracy of cylindrical spur gears made of PLA.
Preliminary Site Investigation based on RGB Electromagnetic Energy of Landsat-7 Images in Wadi Fayidah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammed A. M. , Bishta Adel Zein E. A.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, geostatistical analysis of digital image processing data efficiently contributed to the preliminary site investigation and geotechnical mapping of Wadi Fayidah, Saudi Arabia. 3D modeling, clustering, and chart pattern changes were used to analyze the spectral electromagnetic energy reflected values in red, green, and blue (RGB) ranges on false color composite Landsat-7 images. Therefore, from upstream to downstream, a series of measurements were carried out on a 70km dendritic drainage pattern at 78 stations. Wadi Fayidah was found to have a dominant structural lineament of 56° to 84°. Furthermore, as a preliminary engineering geology mapping, Wadi Fayidah has 9 lithofacies that may differ in engineering geological properties.
Advances, Applications, and Challenges in RP HPLC Method Development
Authors: Ankush Bhalerao  , Mr. Satish Shelke  , Dr. Vijay Borkar
Published: April 2023

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become an indispensable tool for modern analytical chemistry, and reversed-phase (RP) HPLC is one of the most widely used techniques for the separation and analysis of complex mixtures. In recent years, there have been numerous advances in RP HPLC method development, including the development of new stationary phases, improved column technology, and novel optimization strategies. These advances have led to increased speed, resolution, and sensitivity, as well as improved selectivity and reduced non-specific adsorption. Moreover, RP HPLC has found applications in a wide range of industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, environmental analysis, forensic science, and biotechnology. Despite its many benefits, RP HPLC method development is not without its challenges, including issues with column stability, sample preparation, and optimization. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the principles, optimization strategies, and recent advances in RP HPLC method development. We discuss the applications of RP HPLC in various industries and identify the common challenges and emerging trends in the field. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of RP HPLC on the accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity of analysis and its potential to improve the quality and safety of products and the environment. Overall, this review highlights the importance of RP HPLC in modern analytical chemistry and provides insights and recommendations for researchers and practitioners who are interested in this technique. By exploring the latest advances, applications, and challenges in RP HPLC method development, we hope to inspire continued innovation and progress in this important field.
تصدي العلماء للفكر الإلحادي في تركيا الحديثة سعيد النورسي نموذجاً
Authors:   جامعة دهوك- كلية العلوم الإنسانية- قسم التربية الدينية, سعيد سمو آزاد
Published: April 2023

حكم العثمانيون تركيا زهاء ستة قرون، ومرّت فيها الدولة العثمانية بحقب متفاوتة في امتلاكهم القوّة والنفوذ ومساحة الأرض التي كانوا يحكمونها، وفي العقد الأخير من حكمها ضعفت الدولة العثمانية ضعفاً شديداً من جميع النواحي السياسية، والعسكرية، والإدارية، والاقتصادية، فضلاً عن الفتن الداخليّة التي كان يثيرها قادة جمعية (الاتحاد والترقّي) تلك المنظمة التي قادت حركة الانقلاب على الدولة العثمانية في ما بعد. بعد إلغاء السلطنة وإعلان الجمهورية التركية تغيّر النسيج الاجتماعي في تركيا، وبرزت إلى المجتمع العديد من العادات والتقاليد الغريبة عنها. ومن الأمور التي حدثت في تلك الحقبة انتشار الفكر الإلحادي داخل المجتمع التركي، ومما ساعد على ذلك دعم الحركة الكمالية له بهدف تصدّيه للفكر الإسلامي والحركة الإسلامية التي كانت تعادي الفكر اليساري الذي كان حزب الشعب الجمهوري يتبناه، وهكذا بدأ الصراع بين الفكر الإلحادي والفكر الإسلامي في تركيا الحديثة، والجدير بالذكر هو قيام العديد من العلماء والمفكريّن بالتصدّي للفكر الإلحادي في تركيا الحديثة ومن أبرزهم: الأستاذ سعيد النورسي الذي تصدّى للفكر الإلحادي بمنهجية متميزة اتسمت بالعلمية والمنطقية والعقلانية، ومما ساعده في ذلك دراسته للعلوم الطبيعية في بداية تحصيله العلمي.
تربية التفكير ضرورة في التربية
Authors:   تربية الرصافة الأولى, حسن شلش أسماء
Published: April 2023

ليس حكراً مفهوم التربية على الأطفال أو طلاب المدارس؛ فكل أمر أو مفهوم إذا أُريد له أن يَربو ويثبت ويثمر، لزم الأمر أن تتعهده الأيدي بالجهد والمتابعة وتخصيص الوقت... لذلك يدعو هذا البحث إلى تربية التفكير في (المعلم أو المدرس)، ومع أنه ليس جديدًا تناول السمات الشخصية الخاصة بالمعلم، في بحوث علمية وتربوية مختلفة، إلّا أن تلك البحوث لم تتناول ضرورة اكتسابه لمهارة التفكير، ولا سيما أنها تؤثر في تقديمه لمحتوى المنهج أو حتى محتوى خارج المنهج، ومن ثم، ليس هناك بحثًا يبيّن كون اكتساب المعلم هذه المهارة، يعدّ مدخلًا آخر إلى تعليمها للطلاب بطريقة غير مباشرة ولا مكلفة (تأثر وتأثير)، لذا أشار هذا البحث إلى التطور الحاصل في مجال التربية في العالم، نتيجة الاهتمام الواضح بهذه المهارة، فضلًا عن بيان الأسباب التي جعلت منها اليوم ضرورة وإحدى المقومات الأساسية في شخصية التربوي العراقي، غير غافل عن إلفات النظر إلى المعوقات أمام اهتمامه بتفكيره لتصبح مهارة وسمة فيه.
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 1: CNN-based semantic segmentation for water detection
Authors: Kang Byungho , Feagin Rusty A. , Huff Thomas , Duran Vinent Orencio
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The frequency and intensity of coastal flooding is expected to accelerate in low-elevation coastal areas due to sea level rise. Coastal flooding due to wave runup affects coastal ecosystems and infrastructure, however it can be difficult to monitor in remote and vulnerable areas. Here we use a camera-based system to monitor wave runup as part of the after-storm recovery of an eroded beach on the Texas coast. We analyze high-temporal resolution images of the beach using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based semantic segmentation to study the stochastic properties of runup-driven flooding events. In the first part of this work, we focus on the application of semantic segmentation to identify water and runup events. We train and validate a CNN with over 500 manually classified images, and introduce a post-processing method to reduce false positives. We find that the accuracy of CNN predictions of water pixels is around 90% and strongly depend on the number and diversity of images used for training.
Múltiples reacciones adversas graves a fármacos en un paciente luego de la infección por COVID-19. Informe de un caso
Authors: Peñaloza Daguer Denys E. , Di Prinzio Anamá , Echeverría María , Cura María J. , Mazzuoccolo Luis D. , Bustamante Lucrecia , Torre Ana C.
Published: April 2023

Durante la pandemia por COVID-19 se observaron diversas reacciones adversas a fármacos. Esto pudo haber estado relacionado con una mayor susceptibilidad inmunológica de los pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 a presentar este tipo de cuadros, así como también con la exposición a múltiples medicamentos utilizados en su tratamiento. Comunicamos el caso de un paciente con una infección respiratoria grave por COVID-19, que presentó 2 reacciones adversas graves a fármacos en un período corto de tiempo.
En busca del buen morir
Authors: Baraglia Alex O.
Published: April 2023

La muerte siempre ha generado desconcierto, por lo que acompañar en este proceso de final de vida conlleva un alto compromiso existencial. Si a esta difícil tarea se  le agregan los condicionantes hospitalarios o legales que sufren los enfermos en su agonía, estamos ante una muerte aterradora, muy distante de una partida que pueda ser considerada amorosa. Como sabemos, la palabra “clínica” hace referencia a la práctica de atender al pie de la cama del paciente, aliviando el dolor del que está por partir; sin embargo, el “corsé legal” de la muerte está alejando al médico de aquel que debiera recibir toda su atención y sus cuidados, atándole el brazo para acompañarlo en el buen morir. Deberíamos debatir y acordar una estrategia que enriquezca la experiencia del momento final de la vida, de modo que ese puñado de enfermos pueda elegir su forma de partir. Es de un valor incalculable despertar la compasión en este tema tan importante que preocupa al ser humano desde la noche de los tiempos. Sería muy fructífero que aprovechemos la transmisión de sabiduría de siglos de antiguas culturas que han sabido cuidar con humildad la vida hasta el instante de morir.
Evaluation in Instructional Design
Authors: Ibtisam Jassim Mohammed
Published: April 2023

This research investigated evaluation in instructional design. Evaluation is an integral part of any model of instructional design. It is of three types: formative evaluation, summative evaluation and confirmative evaluation. Evaluators are interested in evaluating all aspects of instruction such as learning, learners, teachers, facilities, behavior and financial spending. It is worthy to mention that evaluation should take place at different phases within different times for instances Formative evaluation is used to provide feedback to designers as the instruction is “forming” or being “developed”. Summative evaluation is conducted to determine the degree to which a completed instructional product produces the intended outcomes. Confirmative evaluation examines the success of instruction as it is used over time.
الأب انستاس ماري الكرم - حياته وثقافته وآثاره العلمية
Authors: ثورة خطاب علي
Published: April 2023

تعد اللغة العربية من اهم مظاهر الارث الحضاري والتراكم الابداعي والارتقاء الفكري في تاريخ البشرية سواء في دقة انظمتها التعبيرية ام في صياغة ابنيتها ام في تنوع دلالات تراكيبها ام في قدرتها على التوليد والنماء والاتساع في المعاني بتشعب مسالكها الدلالية التي تفوق الوصف. انها لغة حية وهي اداة تفكيرنا والوسيلة التي نعرض بها ألوان احاسيسنا ومشاعرنا وهي اعز ما نملك وما ندخر، اذ ان لهذه اللغة المشرفة بالقرآن الكريم سحراً يستأثر القلوب ويمتلك الاسماع، وإنها لذلك في كل العصور والازمان ومن اجل ذلك كانت مهوى افئدة الدارسين عرباً وغير عرب مسلمين وغير مسلمين وان شغف دارسيها بها يزداد كلما ازدادوا معرفة بها.والاب انستاس ماري الكرملي (1866-1947) أحد المفتونين بها والمولعين بإدامة النظر في محاسنها والكشف عن اسرارها، تعصب الاب للفصاحة تعصباً لا هوادة فيه، دعا إلى تيسيرها كي يسهل انتشارها بين ابنائها ويجعلها سهلة للناطقين بغيرها من اللغات الاخرى.
The untapped cases of Workplace Bullying and its concealed impacts on Healthcare Employees
Authors: Buriro Taskeen Zahra , Anand Vivake , Qureshi Muhammed Nadeem , Abbasi Suhni
Published: April 2023

The stress caused by workplace bullying affects not only mental health but also impacts physical and social life of employees. Thus, bullying is a red wolf for organizations by affecting employee performance. One of the most critical organizations affected by bullying is healthcare facilities. The competence, coordination, and mental, physical and social relations of healthcare workers determine their work performance during duty hours and is a matter of life and death for ailing patients. This research paper tries to identify the prevalence and intensity of workplace bullying among employees. For this study, the collection of data was carried out from 318 hospital working employees. The findings reveal a higher prevalence in the targets found through negative acts behavior than self-identified as a target. Besides, this study explores that the intensity of bullying is the same in all groups, i.e. targets, witnesses and non-exposed employees. The results show that workplace bullying affects the work quality of employees and its a negative impact on work performance.
Analysis on Sustainable Development Capacity of New Energy Enterprises: A Case Study of CATL
Authors: Duan Ting , Gan Lunzhi , Chen Yaling
Published: April 2023

The ability of sustainable development is the core ability of an enterprise. CATL is the leader of new energy enterprises, which is representative in both technology and market. Therefore, this study selects CATL as a case company, uses SWOT analysis method and PEST analysis method to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external environment, takes Higgins' sustainable growth theory as the support, analyzes its sustainable development ability from four aspects of operating performance, innovation investment, social responsibility and green development from 2017 to 2021, finds out the deficiencies, provides suggestions for the development of enterprises that meet the requirements of the new era, and also provides reference for the sustainable development of other enterprises.
Cancer remission due to immune impairment: A review report
Authors:   Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India, R R. Elamathi
Published: April 2023

Immune develops in reaction to the presence of a cancerous tumor as it grows to a certain size, rather than through immunological sensitization. This is most likely due to the tumor’s slow growth, giving the immune system more time to acclimate to the new environment. Some immune system components generate “adaptive immunity” in response to a growing malignant growth, while other immune system components aim to prevent cancerous growth from developing. The immune system’s protective arm is often responsible for assuring the advancement of malignant growth. Because of the immunological tolerance, the immune system may misidentify the malignant growth as a component of the body with which it is already acquainted, adding to the protective impact. Immunological paralysis may be caused by a severe infection or a tumor mass that is excessively large. Both of these variables may lead immune system components entrusted with safeguarding the body against malignant growths to become overburdened and shut down. Immunological paralysis may be caused by any of these reasons. At this stage, several immune system components are no longer capable of providing any protection against the creation of malignant tumors. At this point, it is projected that the malignant disease will go into remission after a simple acute inflammation, followed by remission. This is because the inflammation would be followed by remission.
Zgrada stare pekare u Lukavcu – Valorizacija, zaštita
i korištenje dobra kulturno-historijske baštine
Authors: Begić Dželila , Hadžimusić Semir
Published: April 2023

Apstrakt: Uspostavom Austrougarske uprave Bosnom i Hercegovinom, kod
prethodno formiranih naselja, kasaba i šehera nastavlja se ubrzana urbanizacija,
dok se, sa druge strane, na pogodnim mjestima koja su uvijek uvjetovana blizinom
neophodnih sirovina, formiraju sasvim nova naselja. Iako je tačno da postojanje
Gornjeg i Donjeg Lukavca datira još od srednjovjekovnog perioda, industrijski
razvoj na nešto udaljenijoj lokaciji započinje izgradnjom fabrike amonijačne sode
1893 godine, koja postaje generator razvoja novog dijela grada. Istovremeno sa
izgradnjom fabrike, bivaju izgrađeni različiti stambeni objekti za radnike, ovisno o
hijerarhijskom položaju, a nedugo zatim fabrika finansira i izgradnju javnih i
stambeno-poslovnih objekata koji su omogućavali daleko komforniji i društveno
ispunjeniji život. Tema istraživanja je bazirana na definiranju ambijentalne cjeline
stare gradske jezgre Lukavca iz Austrougarskog perioda i u njoj naselja za fabričke
majstore tzv. „Maisterhaus“, koja je u većoj mjeri degradirana. Obzirom na to da je
riječ o naselju u kojem su stanovali fabrički majstori zajedno sa svojim porodicama,
stambeni objekti koji se pojavljuju u istom imaju dosta manji stepen komfora.
Takva skromna prostorna organizacija se automatski oslikavala i na spoljašnjost
gdje su objekti bivali u potpunosti lišeni dekoracija. U tom ambijentu na samom
uglu postoje dva izrazito dekorisana objekta koji, očigledno, predstavljaju totalni
opozit svemu prethodno navedenom i bivaju predmet detaljnijeg istraživanja.
Namjena istih je stambeno-poslovna u čijem prizemnom dijelu je u prvom periodu
nakon izgradnje bila smještena stara pekara i pošta, a gdje su objekti zbog
djelomične poslovne namjene imali karakteristične, bogato dekorisane fasade.
Riječ je o kombinaciji secesijskih i folklorno-romantičarskih motiva po kojima su se
objekti umnogome isticali u odnosu na neposredno okruženje. Danas su isti u većoj
mjeri degradirani kako zbog procesa prirodnog propadanja koji nastaje kao
posljedica neodržavanja, tako i zbog neadekvatnih intervencija i naknadnih
dograđivanja od strane nekadašnjih/današnjih vlasnika.
Ključne riječi: Bosna i Hercegovina, Austrougarski period, Lukavac, Fabrika
sode, zgrada pekare, pošta, stara gradska jezgra,
Ćuprija u Konjicu kao turistička vrijednsot
Authors: Talović Sanela , Omerović Jusuf
Published: April 2023

Apstrakt: U radu su date osnovne naznake o turističkim verijednostima
Grada Konjica, odnosno naznake jedne od najznačajnijih turističkih vrijednosti, a
to je Ćuprija u Konjicu. Jednom kratkom analizom smo htjeli prikazati kulturno
historijski i društveni značaj jedne građevine iz osmanskog perioda koja je prošla
dug put burnog i nepredvidivog vremena, ali i koja je zasijala nekadašnjim
svjetlom koje obasjava put svim dobronamjernim putnicima turistima koji posjete
grad Konjic.
Ćuprija u Konjicu kao jedan od spomenika materijalne kulture, zajedno sa
svojim pratećim objektima i svojom okolinom predstavlja jednu atraktivnu,
komplementarnu i posebnu ambijetalnu vrijednost, koja je osnov za turistička
kretanje. Posebno i sam turističko-geografski položaj grada Konjića je
prilagodljiv i pristpačan svim tranzitnim tusrističkim kretanjima, ali i turističkim
kretanjima iz značajnih disperzivnih centara, kao što su Mostar i Sarajevo.
Poseban značaj Grada Konjica i njegovih turističkih vrijednosti i potencijala
predstavlja činjenica da se grad nalazi na mjestui spajanja sjevera i juga naše
zemlje, odnosno na mjestu spajanja Bosne i Hercegovine.
Ključne riječi: most (ćuprija), turistička vrijednost, geografski položaj,
turistički potencijali.
Uređenje i sanacija nekropole stećaka ''Sječe'' u
Međeđi, Općina Sapna
Authors: Hajdarbegović Merima
Published: April 2023

Apstrakt: Brojne nekropole stećaka na području Tuzlanskog kantona i šire
bivaju zanemarene, a u gorem slučaju oštećene i devastirane. Riječ je o značajnim
lokalitetima iz perioda srednjovjekovne bosanske države koji svjedoče o
naseljenosti, tradiciji i sepulkralnim običajima ljudi koji su je nastanjivali. Jedna od
nekropola sa ovog područja koja posjeduje značajan broj očuvanih stećaka nalazi
se na lokalitetu ''Sječe'', a pripada teritoriji općine Sapna. Nekoliko desetina lijepo
klesanih stećaka vremenom je obraslo mahovinom i utonulo u zemlju, dok su na
nekima od njih vršene neadekvatne intervencije zbog čega su mjenjali svoju izvornu
lokaciju. Nakon detaljnog evidentiranja nekropole od strane Zavoda za zaštitu i
korištenje kulturno-historijskog i prirodnog naslijeđa 2016. godine, ustanovljena je
potreba da se ista sanira i uredi. Radovi na sređivanju nekropole zvanično su
započeti u jesen 2022. godine, a sam proces evidentiran je u ovom radu.
Ključne riječi: stećci, nekropola, srednji vijek, Sapna, Međeđa, Sječe,
konzervacija
Stećci na području Zavidovića
Authors: Mehić Jasmin
Published: April 2023

Apstrakt: U radu se govori o stećcima na području Zavidovića.
Rekogosciranje spomenika koji su pod zaštitom UNESCO-a na teritoriju
Zavidovića nije evidentirano od 1971. godine, kada je Šefik Bešlagić zabilježio
nekropole stećaka. Dat je detaljan pregled i opis stećaka s jedanaest lokacija na
kojima se nalazi ukupno 55 stećaka. Rad je napisan na osnovu terenskog
istraživanja.
Ključne riječi: stećak, mezarje, geografske koordinate, Zavidovići
Vinger aan de polls: peilers, pers en politicologen over opiniepeilingen
Authors: de Lange Sarah L.
Published: April 2023

In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
PRIORITAS PENGGUNAAN DANA DESA SEBELUM DAN SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19 (Studi Kasus pada Desa Dukun,Kecamatan Dukun,Kabupaten Magelang)
Authors: Aprillasari Tiara Kasih , Sunaningsih Suci Nasehati
Published: April 2023

Hadirnya pandemi Covid-19 membawa perubahan di  Indonesia dan beberapa sektor global. Di Indonesia sektor perekonomian mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Desa sebagai salah satu harapan pemerintah dalam menjuang kenaikan perekonomian Indonesia juga mengalami kendala akibat adanya pandemi ini. Perubahan prioritas penggunaan dana desa di Indonesia  menjadi satu diantara cara pemerintah untuk membantu masyarakat ketika menghadapi Covid-19. Penelitian ini dibuat bertujuan untuk mengetahui prioritas penggunaan dana desa sebelum dan saat terjadinya pandemi Covid-19. Peneliti menggunakan objek di Desa Dukun,Kecamatan Dukun,Kabupaten Magelang pada penelitiannya. Metode yang diterapkan yaitu metode kualitatif dengan data sekunder dan primer. Hasil dari penelitian menujukkan  bahwa sebelum dan sesudah pandemi Covid-19  prioritas penggunaan Dana Desa di Desa Dukun mengalami perubahan yang signifikan.Tahun 2019 sebelum covid-19 penggunaan dana desa untuk difokuskan untuk pembangunan, pemeliharaan,pengadaan infrastruktur desa serta pemberdayaan masyarakat.Sedangkan setelah munculnya Covid-19 digunakan untuk penanganan Covid-19 pada tahun 2020 dan 2021.  Tahun 2020 sebesar Rp340.800.000,00 yaitu 30% dari total dana desa dalokasikan untuk penyaluran BLTDana Desa dan tahun 2021 sebesar ,00 maksimal alokasi untuk penyaluran BLT Dana Desa Dukun.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN ROMANIA
Authors: Samfira Ionel , Horablaga Nicolae Marinel , Barliba Costel , Barliba Luminita Livia , Feier-David Saida
Published: April 2023

Renewable energy is the energy produced from renewable resources replenished naturally on a human scale from sources: sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, geothermal heat, etc. Renewable energy induces a negligible ecological footprint that is quite limited in the area of operation, while at the same time providing obvious ecological benefits and contributing to the sustainable development of human societies.
Today in 2022, renewable energy sources are considered alternatives to fossil fuels because they contribute a lot to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but especially to the diversification of the energy supply and to the reduction of dependence on the market-s increasingly expensive fossil fuels (especially oil and gas).
Romania produces energy from renewable sources with a much higher weight than the average of the EU, concomitantly it occupies a leading place among the countries dependent on coal to generate electricity. From 2020 the electricity supplied in Romania to final customers comes in a percentage of 54.53% from conventional sources and in the percentage of 45.47% from renewable sources.
In other words, we believe that the European Green Pact will contribute in an important way to achieving climate neutrality by reducing carbon emissions produced by the energy sector because the EU's goal for the year 2050 is to achieve neutrality in the emission of greenhouse gases.
ROMANIA AND THE POTENTIAL OF BY-PRODUCTS AS SOURCES OF ENERGY AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: Samfira Ionel , Horablaga Nicolae Marinel , Iagaru Pompilica , Stroia Marius , Stroia Ciprian
Published: April 2023

By product is broadly understood as a product obtained in a usually industrial or biological process in addition to the main product for which the process is carried out.
The main challenge addressed to humanity as well as productive ecosystems, regardless of the form of terrestrial or aquatic substrate, is to cope with the rapid rate of growth of the planet's population. The demographic growth of the planet must be in balance with the maintenance of the environment and also with climatic shifts.
By-products are often considered agricultural waste or residues, it contains valuable cellulosic nutrients that due to their organic origin can be successfully used in many other agricultural or industrial subfields.
It can be appreciated that at the level of Romania, the agricultural sector has as a land heritage about 18 million hectares, of which 10 are arable, 5 million are permanent meadows and about 3 million hectares are forests, with very favorable geographical conditions for the growth of plants and animals. This report illustrates the fact that each inhabitant of Romania has an area of approximately 0.41 ha of arable land.
This value is far above the average of several countries in the European Union and at the same time, it is double the EU average, which is at the level of 0.212 ha/inhabitant. The huge quantities of by-products, of vegetable residues from agriculture, can be estimated quantitatively at 15 million tons, and when converting this secondary production into money, the current value of 2.5 billion dollars is exceeded.
WIND ENERGY AS AN EXPORT COMMODITY: THE CASE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
Authors: White George W , Millett Bruce , Maier Kimberly Johnson , Tatar Corina
Published: April 2023

Wind energy has grown in popularity and concomitantly so has the installation of wind turbines. As both alternative and green sources of energy, many may assume that wind energy is replacing fossil fuels such petroleum and natural gas and leading us to a more sustainable future. While renewable energy is part of the sustainability equation, another common attribute of achieving sustainability is the localization of production and consumption. In many ways, this almost automatically occurs with wind turbines because electricity does not transport well over long distances. However, despite this characteristic of electricity, it does not mean that electricity cannot be exported, especially when political geographies are considered. Indeed, this research will examine the U.S. state of South Dakota to demonstrate that wind-generated electricity can be treated from an economic point of view as an export commodity despite any local benefits that it generates. By examining statistics for electricity generation, it will be seen that wind energy is doing much more than replacing local electricity generation by fossil fuels. Further examination will show that a significant amount of wind-generated electricity in South Dakota is exported outside the state.
APPLICATION OF BIOLEACHING OF COPPER FLOTATION TAILINGS
Authors: Sydykanov Muratbek , Bektay Yerkin , Turysbekova Gaukhar , Baibatsha Adilkhan , Yalcin Gurhan
Published: April 2023

The lack of new deposits with a rich copper content and the depletion of old deposits, as well as the need to comply with environmental requirements, raises the issue of the need to process the tailings of metallurgical industries. In Kazakhstan was accumulated significant stocks of tailings "Borgezsay" and "Staroye". The tailings reserves are estimated at up to 1 billion tons. Sample evaluation showed that the average copper content in the tailings is 0.15-0.2%. More than 1 million tons of copper are stored in this tailings. The complexity of the structure of minerals passes through the process of leaching of these wastes. Several types of leaching in sulfuric acid were considered for processing. Methods using chalcopyrite as a catalyst or dissolution with chlorides were not economically efficient. Studies have been carried out on the use of copper bioleaching. Bioorganisms destroy various minerals of metals, ensures the transition of metals into the leaching solution. Thionic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were used. The strains of these iron-oxidizing bacteria occupy an exceptional position among thionic bacteria, since in addition to the ability to autotrophic growth due to the oxidation of sulfur compounds, they can use the energy of oxidation of ferrous iron. Studies have shown that the use of these bacteria can reduce the copper content in samples from 0.2% till 0.05%, in some cases down to 0.005%. Bioleaching carried out on various tailings samples showed the effectiveness of this method.
CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF DISCARDED COVID-19 MASKS OVER SEPIOLITE
Authors: Martin-Lara M. , Ortega F. , Pula H. J. , Sanchez P. , Zamorano M. , Calero M.
Published: April 2023

This research aims to develop a new strategy to valorize wasted COVID-19 masks based on pyrolysis to convert them into useful products. First, surgical and FFP2 masks were thermally pyrolyzed at temperatures of 450-550 ?C with the purpose of determining gas, liquid (oil) and solid (char) yields. At low temperatures, solid yield was high, while at high temperatures the gas product was enhanced. The highest yield of liquid was found at an operating temperature of 500 ?C in both surgical and FPP2 masks pyrolysis. The liquid product yields were 59.08% and 58.86%, respectively. Then, the volatiles generated during thermal pyrolysis of residual masks were cracked over sepiolite as catalyst at a temperature of 500 ?C. The catalytic pyrolysis increased the yield of gas product (43.89% against 39.52% for surgical masks and 50.53% against 39.41% for FFP2 masks) and decreased the viscosity of the liquid product. Finally, the effect of sepiolite regeneration and reuse in consecutive pyrolysis tests was examined. Results showed that, with the higher regeneration-reuse of sepiolite, the catalyst was degraded obtaining a liquid product with higher molecular mass. This effect was hardly noticeable in the case of FFP2 masks.
IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL RESILIENCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES USING DIFFERENT FOOD WASTES AS SOIL AMENDMENTS
Authors: Radulov Isidora , Berbecea Adina , Crista Florin , Lato Alina , Hotea Ionela
Published: April 2023

Waste and by-products from the food industry put pressure on the environment. FAO defined food losses as losses along the food chain between producer and market, while safe and nutritious food is thrown away as waste. About a third of the food produced is wasted. A significant amount of food is disposed of as waste, especially in developed countries, and this also means the disposal of resources used to produce food. Food waste is not only an economic problem, but also an environmental and moral problem. Food diverted to landfills directly contributes to climate change by emitting methane (CH4), a significant greenhouse gas 25 times stronger than carbon dioxide (CO2) Even when all actions have been taken to use the waste food, some inedible parts will remain and can be turned into compost to feed and nourish the soil. A promising approach for improving soil services and crop productivity is the transformation of food by-products and waste into soil amendments. Industrial by-products of food processing and manufacturing represent 14% of the total food waste generated. These by-products of food processing present a significant opportunity to reuse the waste by transforming it into amendments for degraded soils. The purpose of this work is to present how different types of by-products from the food industry (bentonite, keratin) can be used as soil improvers, reducing the impact of food production on the environment
PALM NUTSHELL BIOCHAR QUALITY CORRELATION WITH PYROLYSIS RESIDENCE TIME
Authors: Kayombo Gracia , Wa Kalenga Michel Kalenga
Published: April 2023

The global warming and climate change caused by the anthropogenic activities is expected to increase. To address these issues, one key solution is the utilization of renewable materials such as biomass. Biochar, made from biomass materials is seen as a potential option to replace the fossil fuel-based reductants. Pyrolysis is the most common way of producing biochar. However, the physicochemical properties of biochar are significantly influenced by virgin biomass characteristics and the pyrolysis condition such as the temperature, heating rate, residence time. This paper investigates the impact of pyrolysis residence time on the biochar quality produced from raw palm nutshells. In this study, all the experiments were performed at 800 -C, while the time from 30, 40, 45, 50 and 60 mins and the particle size of the raw material varied from 5, 8, 12, 15 to 19mm. A correlation between the fixed carbon content and pore size was established. The different biochar produced were further characterized using proximate analysis and SEM-EDS to evaluate the fixed carbon content and study the changes in the biochar microstructure and pore size of each biochar produced.
REVERSE LOGISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN PORT OF KOPER
Authors: Logozar Klavdij
Published: April 2023

Among the support activities of any waste management actions, the optimal logistics processes are essential to assure time and cost-effective recycling scheme. Companies are recognizing that reverse logistics is a component of the total logistics management process that is growing in importance. Reverse logistics services are part of a trend toward incorporating environmental concerns into business philosophy and everyday business operation of manufacturing firms. An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a set of processes and practices that enable companies to reduce its environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency. The EMS provides the direction to reverse logistics and environmental activities.
The author first discusses the general principles of reverse logistics in the manufacturing firms, which could clarify the importance of reverse logistics activities. The author then concentrates on the importance of EMS in helping companies to achieve their environmental goals. Finally, the EMS and reverse logistics activities in Port of Koper are presented.
CHANGE IN THE AREA OF CULTIVATION OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS) UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Minarik Martin , Cimo Jan
Published: April 2023

The threat of climate change and its negative consequences is currently a very serious and immediate problem. The most observable manifestation of climate change is undoubtedly global warming. The higher air temperature has already affected the length of the growing season in a large part of Europe. Flowering and ripening of cereals begin a few days earlier than was usual. These changes are expected to continue in many regions. The extension of the growing season and the frost-free period can generally lead to an increase in the productivity of agricultural production in Northern Europe. Higher temperatures and longer growing seasons allow new crops to be grown. On the other hand, extreme heat and a decrease in rainfall and water availability are expected to reduce crop productivity. Higher fluctuations in annual crop yields are expected due to the influence of extreme heat. This extreme heat is also associated with an increased incidence of pests and diseases. In the presented work, we focus on the changes in the areas of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivation in the years 1961-2020 with predictions for the horizons of 2050, 2075, 2100. The analysis itself was based on the length of the growing season. It is clear from the results how the areas of the possibility of growing the analyzed crop are changing, and what will be the assumption of changes in areas in the future. The change of individual bands changes in connection with the change of average temperatures. The results show how the possibilities of growing the analyzed crop are shifting to higher altitudes precisely in connection with climate change.
FERMENTATION AS A ONE OF THE POSSIBILIETES OF GHG AND AMMONIA MITIGATION FROM DAIRY FARMING
Authors: Pulka Jakub , Dach Jacek
Published: April 2023

Diary production is steadily increasing worldwide, as evidenced by a 1.6% increase in milk production. Cattle headcount in Europe amounts to 75.6 mln, with Poland heaving more than 10% of the EU population. Such a significant production is yielding massive waste and animal by products, mainly cow manure. Storage and utilization of these byproducts may result in unwanted emissions of greenhouse gasses such as methane, carbon dioxide, and other potentially dangerous compounds like ammonia. Proper manure management and utilization of animal by-products and carcasses could successfully mitigate GHG emissions. One of the main means of utilization that could be implemented in Poland is the fermentation process and biogas production. Such an approach is beneficial not only due to energy production but also because of fertilizer production in form of digestate. To allow and maximize this process deep investigation is necessary, because of the different properties of a vast type of products, for example, the biogas yield of by-products ranges from 20 to more than 500 m3 of biogas per Mg. Because of that, the fermentation process of the above-mentioned materials must be properly conducted. Mainly substrate mix and process prosperities must be carefully assessed. In this paper, the steps necessary to implement mentioned solution will be presented as well as projected outcomes.
INTRODUCTION AND EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVE PROCESSING METHODS FOR THE AMMONIA- AND GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION REDUCTION OF CATTLE SLURRY
Authors: Csiba Anita
Published: April 2023

Climate change and environmental degradation are a huge threat to Europe and the world. The European Union must be ensured the net zero emissions of greenhouse gases in order to become climate neutral by 2050. However, achieving this goal according to the European Climate Law, the greenhouse gasses emission reduction, have to be at least 55% compared the emission level of 1990 by 2030. On top of all that the 2016/2284 numbered directive of the European Union about the reduction of emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants (NEC) requires to the governments of the member states to reduce by 32% the level of atmospheric ammonia emissions compared to the 2005 level to 2030. Nowadays this research topic is very timely in the field of agriculture especially in the field of the livestock sector, because currently there are the highest ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions in this sector. It would be effective solutions for this problem widespread using of precision digitalization technologies and the application of the circular farming in the field of livestock farming for example in the cattle slurry processing all of this would be significantly contribute to achievement of the goals of Green Deal.
REDUCTION OF AIR POLLUTION AND SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF EFFECTIVE DELIVERY OF MEDICAL PRODUCTS WITH AUTONOMOUS DRONE DELIVERY
Authors: Kuczewska Hanna , Bartoszewski Bartosz , Ekiert-Radecka Martyna
Published: April 2023

Currently, the most common way of transporting medical products, such as blood, blood products, vaccines, and medicines, is air and land transport. Using helicopters and cars to transport the needed products is expensive and generate relatively high air and noise pollution compared to the drone delivery. This article considers the problem of air pollution occurring during standard aerial and car transport of medical products, with particular emphasis on solution used in African countries. The article presents the analysis of the demand for the use of alternative forms of transport based on the statistical data published by government sites. The article also presents a proposal of novel alternative transport of blood and medical supplies that meets the requirements of safe transport of medical products, according to the Polish and European law. The most optimal form of drone construction was chosen based on literature and already existing solutions. The article describes also the functionalities of a mobile application created to ensure an easy and safe delivery process.
POLYAMIDE WASTE/ POLYSTYRENE/ CARBON FIBRES NANOCOMPOSITES: OBTAINING AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Alexandrescu Laurentia , Georgescu Mihai , Sonmez Maria , Ficai Anton
Published: April 2023

In this paper were obtained waste/polymeric nanocomposites - polyamide waste (PAW) and polystyrene (PS), compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted polystyrene, and reinforced with carbon nanofibers (CF). PolyamideWaste / polystyrene (PAW / PS) composites are studied because both components are relatively cheap, with beneficial properties, and can be processed by injection. Compatibility of polymer and waste compounds can be achieved by adding a grafted copolymer, the segments of which have physical or chemical affinity with the two immiscible homopolymers. In this case, maleic anhydride grafted polystyrene (PS-g-MA) was used. Carbon fiber composites are considered to be a new generation of materials with predetermined properties, in this case impact resistance. The combined effects of carbon fiber and compatibilizing polymer (PS-g-MA) have been studied on the structure, and rheological and physicomechanical properties of PAW / PS-g-MA / PS / CF composites. The studied nanocomposites have higher values compared to the control sample �PA, and the Romanian Railway Authority requirements of impact resistance of 5 KJ/m2. Carbon fiber concentrations above 1.5% cause slight drops in impact resistance values, similar to tensile strength, but not lower than control sample values. This conclude that the percentages of carbon fibers in the range of 0.1-1.5% reach the maximum values of physico-mechanical parameters.
ANTIOXIDANT, NUTRITIONAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO INNOVATIVE TYPES OF GLUTEN-FREE BREAD
Authors: Dumbrava Delia-Gabriela , Costescu Cristian-Alin , Raba Diana-Nicoleta , Popa Viorica-Mirela , Moldovan Camelia
Published: April 2023

In recent years, because the gluten intolerance has become a worldwide problem, there were a sharp increase in the consumers demand for gluten-free bakery products that to be attractive, both in terms of sensory and nutritional value. This work had as a first goal obtaining of two innovative gluten-free bread types, one from almond flour, brown rice flour and psyllium bran (P1), and the second from buckwheat flour and psyllium bran (P2). A second aim of the paper was to determine total polyphenols (FolinCiocalteu method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical assay) both for raw materials and finished products, as well as the proximate composition, energy value and sensory characteristics (hedonic scoring method from 1 to 5). Among the three types of flour, the almond one had the highest content of total polyphenols (334.28�0.59 mg gallic acid/g), followed by buckwheat flour (289.93�0.50 mg gallic acid/g). P1 bread was richer in total polyphenols (134.35�0.10 mg gallic acid/g) than P2 (128.99�0.05 mg gallic acid/g). The 1:10 ethanolic extract from almond flour had a higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity (86.98�0.47 %) than the extracts from buckwheat flour, respectively from whole brown rice flour (84.71�0.19 %, respectively 84.61�0.29 %). Bread P1 also had a higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity (79.49�0.28 %) than P2 (69,73�0,04 %). From a nutritional point of view, bread P1 had a higher energy value (265.68 kcal/100g), having a richer content of total lipids, proteins and carbohydrates than bread P2 (191.51 kcal/100g). Both types of bread were evaluated with good scores in all the organoleptic characteristics analyzed by the tasters.
APPRECIATION ON BIODIVERSITY IN SEVERAL PERMANENT GRASSLANDS IN TIMIS COUNTY, ROMANIA. A CASE STUDY
Authors: Durau Carmen Claudia , Mihut Casiana Doina , Duma-Copcea Anisoara Claudia , Okros Adalbert , Mircov Vlad Dragoslav
Published: April 2023

The biodiversity of grassland ecosystems is strongly affected by climatic changes, i.e., by the galloping progression of desertification. These aspects are more and more visible on permanent grasslands (communal pastures). Most researchers in grassland science consider as a major priority the conservation of biodiversity and of the productive potential of permanent grasslands, given that the decrease in the number of livestock has been accelerated. Thus, in recent years, they started case studies on permanent grasslands affected by different factors. They have also developed regulations and methodologies on the sustainable management of permanent grasslands in different forms of property. From this perspective, results of a case study on permanent grasslands located at different altitudes exploited differently both in terms of animal load and of their improvement measures are presented in this study. The method of inventorying the vegetation is that of the double meter or the linear method with which different indices could be quantified (Shannon-Weaver Index, PV). The method of correlations used in this case study highlights the result of the interaction of the analysed parameters as a starting point for the future modelling of the time evolution of grassland areas. The values obtained show that biodiversity is not equally affected in all analysed cases.