bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prinsip Dasar Etika Kristen tentang Perang : Sebuah Tinjauan terhadap Pacifism dan Just War Theory
Authors: Budiman Kalvin S.
Published: September 2019

Adakah perang yang dapat dibenarkan (justified)? Pertanyaan ini bukan sedang diarahkan kepada perang tertentu, entah yang pernah atau sedang terjadi, tetapi lebih sebagai pertanyaan yang bersifat prinsip. Artinya, berdasarkan prinsip etika Kristen, adakah dasar-dasar pertimbangan untuk membenarkan perang atau penggunaan kekerasan demi mencapai suatu sasaran kemanusiaan yang lebih mulia? Sebagai orang Kristen yang lekat dengan prinsip kasih, sudah pasti kita bukanlah orang-orang yang terpanggil untuk mengobarkan semangat perang. Namun demikian, di tengah dunia yang sudah jatuh ke dalam dosa di mana kekerasan merupakan isu moral yang tidak pernah dapat dihindari, sering kali kita harus mengakui bahwa perang atau penggunaan kekerasan demi alasan kemanusiaan dengan segala etika yang terkandung di dalamnya, adalah pilihan yang harus kita pertimbangkan. ... Artikel ini merupakan sebuah usaha untuk memberikan landasan biblika dan teologis dalam mengambil posisi etika antara kedua paham tersebut. Untuk itu pada bagian berikut akan dibahas terlebih dahulu pandangan masing-masing posisi. Selanjutnya, dengan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutik dan teologis, kita akan mencoba untuk pada bagian terakhir mengambil kesimpulan tentang posisi etika yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenarannya di hadapan Tuhan. Penulis menyadari bahwa semua kategori pembahasan dalam tulisan ini adalah topik-topik diskusi yang sangat luas, karena itu melalui artikel yang tidak terlalu panjang ini, rasanya berlebihan jika seseorang mengharapkan pembahasan secara detail dan menyeluruh. Penulis hanya berharap artikel ini dapat memberikan sedikit sumbangsih bagi pergumulan etika, khususnya isu tentang perang.
Teologi Kristen-Anonim Karl Rahner Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Tugas Misi Gereja
Authors: Istianto Elisa
Published: September 2019

Karl Rahner (1904-1984) adalah seorang teolog Katolik asal Jerman, yang selama beberapa tahun sebagai profesor di Universitas Innsbruck (1937-1964) Austria. Rahner mengarang buku Foundations of Christian Faith, dan sejumlah essai dalam Theological Investigations. Ia dianggap sebagai teolog Katolik kontemporer yang paling berpengaruh dan ahli teologi (peritus) yang diperhitungkan dalam konsili Vatikan II. Konsepnya tentang Kristen-Anonim telah memberi pengaruh luas dan merupakan konsep inklusivisme Katolik. Keselamatan melampaui batas-batas gereja yang kelihatan dan bukan saja individu-individu non-Kristen dapat diselamatkan, tetapi juga bahwa agama-agama bukan Kristen mempunyai peran menyelamatkan.
Structural optical and electrical properties of transparent conductive ITO/Al-Ag/ITO multilayer contact
Authors: Isiyaku Aliyu Kabiru , Ali Ahmad Hadi , Nayan Nafarizal
Published: September 2019

Developing a new design and structure of transparent conductive oxides (TCO) materials to improve performance in optoelectronic devices are important and quite challenging. Microstructural, optical and electrical properties of sandwiched Al-Ag metals interlayer between top and bottom ITO layers (ITO/Al-Ag/ITO) have been investigated. The multilayer ITO/Al-Ag/ITO (IAAI) films were prepared using RF and DC magnetron sputtering method. Post annealing treatment at 400oC was conducted on IAAI and ITO (for reference) films in air. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the insertion of Al-Ag intermediate bilayer led to the crystallization of Ag interlayer even at as-deposited stage. Peaks intensities at ITO (222), Ag (111) and Al (200) crystal plane were observed after annealing treatment, indicating an enhancement in crystallinity of the IAAI film. The post-annealed IAAI film reveals a continuous and smooth surface roughness with improved growth in grain size as examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) respectively. Comparing the optoelectronic properties of IAAI film with single ITO film, the annealed IAAI film exhibited a remarkable improvement in optical transmittance (86.1%) with a very low sheet resistance of 2.93 Ω/sq as measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and four-point probe method. The carrier concentration increased more than double when Al-Ag layer was inserted between the ITO layers as determined by Hall Effect measurements. The under layer Al film helps to halts the Ag film agglomeration and oxidation which subsequently enhances the stability of IAAI multilayer film.  The performance of IAAI contact has been found to be high at 76.4 × 10-3 Ω compares to single ITO (69.4 × 10-3) contact as calculated by the figure of merit (FOM).
The Tidal Disruption of Sun-like Stars by Massive Black Holes
Authors: Law-Smith Jamie , Guillochon James , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico
Published: September 2019

We present the first simulations of the tidal disruption of stars with realistic structures and compositions by massive black holes (BHs). We build stars in the stellar evolution code MESA and simulate their disruption in the 3D adaptive-mesh hydrodynamics code FLASH, using an extended Helmholtz equation of state and tracking 49 elements. We study the disruption of a 1M
⊙ star and 3M
⊙ star at zero-age main sequence (ZAMS), middle-age, and terminal-age main sequence (TAMS). The maximum BH mass for tidal disruption increases by a factor of ∼2 from stellar radius changes due to main-sequence (MS) evolution; this is equivalent to varying BH spin from 0 to 0.75. The shape of the mass fallback rate curves is different from the results for polytropes of Guillochon & Ramirez-Ruiz. The peak timescale t
peak increases with stellar age, while the peak fallback rate

decreases with age, and these effects diminish with increasing impact parameter β. For a β = 1 disruption of a 1M
⊙ star by a 106 M
⊙ BH, from ZAMS to TAMS, t
peak increases from 30 to 54 days, while

decreases from 0.66 to 0.14 M
⊙ yr−1. Compositional anomalies in nitrogen, helium, and carbon can occur before the peak timescale for disruptions of MS stars, which is in contrast to predictions from the “frozen-in” model. More massive stars can show stronger anomalies at earlier times, meaning that compositional constraints can be key in determining the mass of the disrupted star. The abundance anomalies predicted by these simulations provide a natural explanation for the spectral features and varying line strengths observed in tidal disruption events.
Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A* over 22 yr
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Gallego-Cano E. , Do T. , Witzel G. , Ghez A. M. , Schödel R. , Sitarski B. N. , Becklin E. E. , Lu J. , Morris M. R. , Dehghanfar A. , Gautam A. K. , Hees A. , Hosek M. W. , Jia S. , Mangian A. C. , Matthews K.
Published: September 2019

We report new infrared (IR) measurements of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center, Sgr A*, over a decade that was previously inaccessible at these wavelengths. This enables a variability study that addresses variability timescales that are 10 times longer than earlier published studies. Sgr A* was initially detected in the near-infrared (NIR) with adaptive optics observations in 2002. While earlier data exists in form of speckle imaging (1995–2005), Sgr A* was not detected in the initial analysis. Here, we improved our speckle holography analysis techniques. This has improved the sensitivity of the resulting speckle images by up to a factor of three. Sgr A* is now detectable in the majority of epochs covering 7 yr. The brightness of Sgr A* in the speckle data has an average observed K magnitude of 16.0, which corresponds to a dereddened flux density of 3.4 mJy. Furthermore, the flat power spectral density of Sgr A* between ∼80 days and 7 yr shows its uncorrelation in time beyond the proposed single power-law break of ∼245 minutes. We report that the brightness and its variability is consistent over 22 yr. This analysis is based on simulations using the Witzel et al. model to characterize IR variability from 2006 to 2016. Finally, we note that the 2001 periapse of the extended, dusty object G1 had no apparent effect on the NIR emission from accretion flow onto Sgr A*. The result is consistent with G1 being a self-gravitating object rather than a disrupting gas cloud.
Conservation significance and habitats variety in the Western Rhodope Mts. as a factor for the diversity of the ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Teofilova Teodora
Published: September 2019

This study concerns the Western Rhodope Mts. (Southern Bulgaria), the conservationally significant habitats and the carabid beetles occurring in them. All sixty-seven habitats are systematized according to their EUNIS level and type and conservation status, and the threats to the important carabid species are assessed. The association of the carabids with specific habitats and the attachment to particular environmental conditions are discussed. Carabids with conservational value are discussed and a list of the protected (four) and endemic (thirty-nine) species is given. The anthropogenic impacts in the area were also assessed. The main threats and problems related to the degradation and destruction of natural habitats and, hence, decreases to the conservation significance of the area, were established and systematised in eight categories, and measures for minimizing these negative impacts are proposed.
A new Aporcelinus species (Nematoda, Aporcelaimidae) from Livingston Island - first record of the genus from the Maritime Antarctic
Authors: Elshishka Milka , Lazarova Stela , Mladenov Aleksandar , Radoslavov Georgi , Apostolova Denitsa , Lozanova Lyudmila , Peneva Vlada
Published: September 2019

The genus Aporcelinus Andrássy, 2009 was erected to accommodate species with characteristic cuticle and other aporcelaimid features such as the lip region, odontostyle and guiding apparatus structure, which have been previously described under Allodorylaimus/Eudorylaimus. In respect to the cuticle structure, the genus is similar to only two other aporcelaimid genera – Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965 and Makatinus Heyns, 1965. The genus Aporcelinus currently contains 27 species and is a wide-spread aporcelaimid taxon (Peña-Santiago and Varela-Benavides 2019), reported to occur in all continents except Australia and Antarctica. Nine specimens from one unknown species belonging to this genus were recovered from moss communities on Livingston Island, Antarctica and studied by an integrative approach (molecular phylogeny and morphology). Aporelinus sp. is characterised by females with medium body size (1.85–2.12 mm), lip region 18–21 μm wide, set off from the adjoining body by constriction, odontostyle and odontophore 23 μm and 30–33 μm long, respectively, vulva transverse slit (V=50–54%), pars refringens vaginae consisting of (in lateral view) two trapezoid sclerotised pieces, uteri differentiated tri-partite, tail ventrally arcuate with rounded terminus (45–60 μm long, c=33.6–42.6, c’=1.4–1.8). It differs from all other species of the genus by its tri-partite uteri with very long and convoluted middle tubular part. Aporcelinus sp. represents a new geographical record for Antarctica.
Habitat selection of Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) displaying males: Case from Rila Mountain, Bulgaria
Authors: Plachiyski Dimitar , Popgeorgiev Georgi , Avramov Stefan , Kornilev Yurii
Published: September 2019

Current habitat management of the peripheral, regionally unique, and isolated Balkan capercaillie Tetrao urogallus rudolfi Dombrowski, 1912 meta-population in Bulgaria is based on obsolete knowledge of the spatial requirements of the species. Thus, we studied the habitat availability and the patterns of use by Capercaillie adult males, at the home range scale to inform and contribute to the conservation-oriented management of the threatened subspecies and its habitats. The field study was conducted during 2014–2015 in the northeastern part of Rila Mtn., Southwestern Bulgaria. Using GPS tags (“Bird 2A”, e-obs Digital Telemetry, Grünwald, Germany), a total of 38,640 GPS fixes from 3 displaying males, associated with one lek were gained. On this basis, we calculated annual and seasonal Minimum Convex Polygons (MCP), traditionally used as a measure of the maximum area of activity. Capercaillie habitat preference was computed using Manly’s habitat selection ratios (w), design III, combined with 90% Bonferroni simultaneous confidence intervals. To calculate habitat selection, we determined surface (Steepness and Exposure), forest stand succession and vegetation cover categorical variables. The habitat and surface layers was rasterized into 8 m square pixels. At the home range (MCP) scale, tagged roosters used vegetation cover non-randomly (annual: Khi2L=5738.89, df=14, p<0.001; winter: Khi2L=3773.28, df=13, p<0.001; summer: Khi2L=3646.32, df=14, p<0.001), and preferred forests dominated by Scots pine and Macedonian pine, such as the annual selection of Scots pine and summer selection of Macedonian pine are significantly different. In terms of forest stage succession, roosters used forest stages non-randomly (annual: Khi2L=3492.57, df=8, p<0.001; winter: Khi2L=2075.18, df=8, p<0.001; summer: Khi2L=1670.1, df=6, p<0.001), and demonstrated clear avoidance of forests stands in age classes: “0 to 40” and “41 to 80” years within the summer and annual ranges. The roosters demonstrated significant preference for southeastern exposure during the winter and annually, and significant overall avoidance of northern exposure, as well as avoidance of north-eastern aspect during the winter and south aspect during the summer (annual: Khi2L=4671.87, df=18, p<0.001; winter: Khi2L=3909.04, df=16, p<0.001; summer: hi2L=3095.84, df=18, p<0.001). The slope class “63.1 to 73o” was not used. In the summer, Capercaillie males significantly preferred slopes within the class “27.1 to 36o” and avoided the classes “0 to 9o”, “9.1 to 18o” and “54.1 to 63o”. The birds also demonstrated significant avoidance of flat terrains within the “0 to 9o” class annually (annual: Khi2L=608.24, df=17, p<0.001; winter: Khi2L=1148.37, df=16, p<0.001; summer: Khi2L=906.54, df=17, p<0.001).
Penetrating Keratoplasty for Keratoconus: The Nexus Between Corneal Wavefront Aberrations and Visual Performance
Authors: Pesudovs Konrad , Coster Douglas J
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the visual and optical performance after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus to normal patients and to examine the relationship between corneal wavefront aberrations and visual performance in patients with PK.

METHODS: Visual performance testing, with optimal refractive correction, included low contrast visual acuity (LCVA) and Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity with and without glare, and high contrast visual acuity. Corneal first surface wavefront aberrations were calculated from EyeSys topography data using VOL-Pro software v7.00 for a 4.0-mm pupil as a 10th order Zernike expansion and converted into single value metrics. Normal patients were compared to patients with PK using analysis of variance, and linear regression was used to compare wavefront aberration metrics to visual performance.

RESULTS: Patients with PK (n=14, age 41.6±7.0 years) and normal patients (n=14, age 36.7±9.0 years) were of similar age (F^sub 1,26^=2.54, P=.12). Normal patients saw significantly better on all visual performance measures and had better optical performance for total higher order root-mean-square corneal wavefront aberration (mean±SD): PK, 0.67±0.41 µm; normal, 0.09±0.02 µm (F^sub 1,26^=28.41, P<.001) and across all Zernike orders and modes. Wavefront aberrations in PK eyes were dominated by trefoil 0.35±0.27 µm, coma 0.47±0.37 µm, spherical aberration 0.17±0.10 µm, and tetrafoil 0.12±0.07 µm. The relationships between corneal wavefront aberration and visual performance metrics were strongest for LCVA=0.30-0.98Pupil fraction for wavefront (tessellation) -0.04Half width at half height, R
p 2
=0.75.

CONCLUSIONS: In this series, patients with PK had poorer visual performance compared to normal patients, which is due to increased corneal wavefront aberrations. Outcomes research in corneal transplantation should include measurement of wavefront aberrations and visual performance in the contrast domain. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:926-931.]
Changes in Corneal Astigmatism and High Order Aberrations After Clear Corneal Tunnel Phacoemulsification Guided by Corneal Topography
Authors: Jiang Yongxiang , Le Qihua , Yang Jin , Lu Yi
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study changes in corneal astigmatism and high order aberrations after clear corneal tunnel phacoemulsification guided by corneal topography.

METHODS: All patients were randomly assigned to the test group or the control group. Corneal topography-guided clear corneal tunnel phacoemulsification followed by intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was performed on 22 eyes of 16 patients in the test group and conventional temporal corneal tunnel phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were performed on 22 eyes of 21 patients in the control group. The corneal astigmatism and high order aberrations were measured using the NIDEK OPD-Scan aberrometer and topographer preoperatively and up to 3 months after surgery. The corneal astigmatism and sixth order root-mean-square (RMS) for corneal coma, trefoil, spherical, secondary coma, and secondary spherical aberrations at 4-mm pupil diameters were compared.

RESULTS: Fifteen (69%) eyes in the test group and 8 (36%) eyes in the control group achieved ≥ 20/25 uncorrected visual acuity 3 months after surgery, which was statistically significant (P<.05). The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was ≥20/20 in 14 (63%) eyes in the test group and 10 (45%) eyes in the control group. The mean surgically induced astigmatism in the test group was 0.58±0.39 diopters (D) compared with 0.73±0.41 D in the control group. The change in corneal astigmatism from preoperative to 3 months after surgery was -0.17±0.32 D for the test group and 0.10±0.41 D for the control group, which was statistically significant (P<.05). The RMS value of trefoil aberrations increased, and all other aberrations decreased at 3 months after surgery in the test group. The RMS values of all corneal high order aberrations increased in the control group, with the increase in trefoil being statistically significant. The comparison of surgically induced high order aberrations between the two groups showed that corneal coma, trefoil, and secondary coma were significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS: Clear corneal tunnel phacoemulsification and IOL implantation guided by corneal topography can yield better visual acuity by reducing the pre-existing astigmatism and inducing less corneal aberrations than conventional temporal corneal tunnel phacoemulsification. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:S1083-S1088.]
Evaluation of Higher Order Ocular Aberrations in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Lim Li , Wei Rui Hua , Chan Wing Kwong , Tan Donald T H
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe higher order ocular aberrations in eyes with keratoconus.

METHODS: Prospective, observational, case-control study comparing higher order ocular aberrations in patients with keratoconus with control subjects with myopia.

RESULTS: One hundred sixteen patients with keratoconus were recruited. Data were analyzed in 35 keratoconus eyes, 38 keratoconus suspect eyes, and 166 right eyes with myopia. Mean total higher order root-mean-square (RMS) values (3rd to 5th order) were 1.73±0.71 µm in eyes with keratoconus, 0.94±0.66 µm in eyes with keratoconus suspect, and 0.49±0.16 µm in control eyes. Keratoconus eyes had greater total higher order RMS, 3rd to 5th order RMS, and RMS for all Zernike terms than those in the control group (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Keratoconus and keratoconus suspect eyes had significantly larger higher order aberrations in total higher order RMS and 3rd order RMS than control eyes. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:825-828.]
Reshaping Education for the New Labour Market in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Afedzie Richard H. , Aller James , Nketia Joseph
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the vital role of education and training in the new labour market. It explores the relative importance of technical education and computer literacy for all able working citizens in sub-Saharan African countries. It states that heavy investment in education and training has a great return on productivity and has the potential to change societies for all citizens. The literature on new labour market documents that sub-Saharan African countries that have changed their educational system to reflect technical competency have been able to develop their workforce productivity and national economic development. It asserts that government policies on education and training should be of utmost priority to governance in order to enhance the labour market in the 21st century.
Modelling of Lamb Waves Propagation in Orthotropic Plate
Authors: Nissabouri Salah , El Allami Mhammed , Boutyour El Hassan
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, we model by Finite Element Method (FEM) the Lamb waves' propagation and their interactions with symmetric and asymmetric delamination in sandwich skin. Firstly, a theoretical model is established to obtain the equation of lamb modes propagation. Secondly, dispersion curves are plotted using Matlab program for the laminate [0]4. The simulations were then carried out using ABAQUS CAE by exciting the fundamental A0 Lamb mode in the frequency 300 kHz. The delamination was then estimated by analyzing the signal picked up at two sensors using two techniques: Two Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2D-FFT) to identify the propagating and converted modes, and Wavelet Transform (WT) to measure the arrival times. The results showed that the mode A0 is sensible to symmetric and asymmetric delamination. Besides, based on signal changes with the delamination edges, a localization method is proposed to estimate the position and the length of the delamination. In the last section, an experimental FEM verification is provided to validate the proposed method.
Evaluation of the Sorption Properties of a Self-Adhesive Hydrogel Wound Dressing
Authors: Mutya Javier Kristina , Riscia Nadura , Rengel Jim Clarence , Tumolva Terence
Published: September 2019

A novel self-adhesive wound dressing product was developed using a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) hydrogel layered with a TAPE-gelatin bioadhesive. This wound dressing was then evaluated for its sorption properties through diffusion and swelling tests, and the parameters analyzed were hydrogel formulation, wound dressing thickness and adhesive layer thickness. Results showed that the wound dressing produced using 6% NaOH/5% thiourea in the crosslinking solution, with 2.5 mm hydrogel thickness, and 0.2 mm TAPE-gelatin thickness had the highest water absorbed. Lastly, analysis on swelling kinetics based on a previous study was conducted to determine the diffusion coefficients for the composite wound dressing.
Mechanical Properties of Ternary-Filled Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Garing Clare L. , Pajarito Bryan B.
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of each ternary filler component: carbon black (CB), modified bentonite (M-BNT), and raw bentonite (BNT), and their interactions, on the mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) composites, using a third degree-simplex lattice mixture design of experiment. The efficiency of the two-step organic modification to produce M-BNT was confirmed by the results of Fourier transform infrared with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Synergistic effect between CB and M-BNT on the mechanical properties of NR composites with ternary filler composition 10/5/0 was observed. Reinforcement of NR matrix using this ternary filler enhanced its tensile properties: strength (69.43%), modulus (47.01%), stress at 100% strain (34.67%), stress at 200% strain (41.88%), and stress at 300% strain (50.82%), as well as its compressive properties: strength (40.89%), modulus (40.05%), stress at 20% strain (41.10%), stress at 40% strain (37.57%), and stress at 60% strain (40.79%). Significant improvement in the mechanical properties was also attributed to the surface modification of M-BNT resulting to better dispersion to NR matrix. The addition of pure BNT filler resulted to lowest tensile and compressive performance due to high clay loading and incompatibility with NR matrix. Trends of the generated contour plots based on reduced hierarchical models demonstrated synergy between CB and M-BNT as well as deterioration of mechanical properties upon addition of pure BNT filler 0/0/15.
Numerical Investigation of Stress-Strain State of Composite Compressor Blades in the Field of Centrifugal Forces
Authors: Nurimbetov Alibek , Rynkovskaya Marina
Published: September 2019

In this paper, based on the technical theory developed by the article contributors and the theory designed for twisting of a composite laminated rod of any cross section, a computer program for numerical stress-strain analysis of laminated composite blades in the centrifugal forces field is presented. The naturally twisted laminated composite blade is considered to be under the combined action of the tensile stresses, bending and twisting moments or under the influence of centrifugal forces. In the program, the technological problem of blade unfolding into petals is solved. These petals lie in planes which are parallel to the rod axis and appear due to the varying cross-section along the length of the blade. The investigated blade is represented with eight sections. The results of research on stress-strain behaviour of boron aluminium laminated compressor blades which operate in the fields of centrifugal forces are analysed.
Parametric Study on Surface Roughness of Metallized Parts Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Gurrala Pavan Kumar , Tripathi Brijesh
Published: September 2019

In the current technological evolution, additive manufacturing is taking a lead role in manufacturing of components for both prototyping as well as finished products. Metallization of the polymer parts has high potential to add value in-terms of metallic luster, improved strength, long shelf-life and better radiation resistance. Standard acid copper plating process has been adopted for deposition of copper on polymer parts manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique. The parameters namely the etching time, voltage and the surface finish of the manufactured FDM parts are studied for their influence on the surface quality. Experiments have been designed using design of experiments strategy. Experiments have been conducted and surface roughness has been measured. Influence of each of the three parameters has been discussed in detail. For the reported process the optimal value of etching time of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) has been found in the range of 30 to 60 minutes along with applied voltage in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 Volts for copper electroplating.
The Study and Development of Factor Affecting the Smoothness in 3D Printed Part Surface Treatment via Acetone Vapor
Authors: Kesvarakul Ramil , Limpadapun Khompee
Published: September 2019

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) has been extensively used in low-cost printers. However, the fundamental working principle (layered manufacturing) is resulted in the poor quality of the surface texture, the dimensional inaccuracy of fabricated parts, the limits its domain all issues often take place in precision industrial applications. In this paper, initially FDM based acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) model have been fabricated. In the post-processing stage, the vapor of acetone has been applied to the specimen. Then the changes in the surface finish and surface roughness have been investigated. The study highlighted that the post-processing of ABS specimen with acetone vapor treatment resulted in dramatic improvement of surface finish. Finally, parameter setting that gave the acceptable results while considering all the responses simultaneously.
Effect of PVP on the Morphology and Growth of Cu Hierarchical Nanostructures Prepared by Electroless Deposition
Authors: Balela Mary Donnabelle L. , Cabiles Vina Ingrid
Published: September 2019

Octahedral Cu hierarchical nanostructures were prepared by electroless deposition in aqueous solution at 80 °C. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was employed as the protective and structure directing agent to prevent oxidation and agglomeration of the Cu products. Addition of higher amounts of PVP (about 1.275 g) resulted in smaller but irregularly-shaped Cu nanoparticles. The Cu nanoparticles have a mean particle diameter of about 200 nm with excellent size distribution. On the other hand, Cu octahedrals were produced when 0.425 to 0.850 g PVP was used. In situ mixed potential monitoring of the solution during electroless deposition revealed that the mixed potential was more positive at larger amounts of PVP. This can be attributed to slower reduction rate due to the decrease in the activity of Cu(II) ions. Consequently, smaller Cu nanoparticles were produced.
Performance of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Nanoparticle Blended Biodiesel
Authors: Kanth Surya , Debbarma Sumita , Das Biplab
Published: September 2019

Efficient use of depleting petroleum fuel and stringent environmental policy drives the researchers to unveil the alternative fuel to run the diesel engines. Biodiesel has come out to be the immediate alternative due to its properties, but the problem of higher NOx emission is still an issue. With the development of nanotechnology, efforts are made to explore the performance of different nanoadditives with diesel-biodiesel blends. In line with this, it is intended to find the performance of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel blend (B20) with iron nanoparticle (INP). Tranesterified soapnut oil biodiesel is used in the blend. Results reveal that dosing level of 75 ppm of INP with B20 results in an increase in BTE by 3.2% and reduce SFC by 4% than that of diesel. This may be due to additional surface energy provided by the INP which lead to a reduction of ignition delay and thus the better combustion. While the emission of HC and NOx is found to reduce by 7.3% and 8.5%, respectively.
Effect of La2O3 Derived from Thai Monazite Ore Chemical Processing on the Properties of SO4-1/ZrO2
Authors: Nuchdang Sasikarn , Rattanaphra Dussadee
Published: September 2019

La2O3 derived from Thai monazite ore chemical processing was used as a precursor to prepare SO4-1-1%La2O3/ZrO2 solid acid catalyst. The SO4-1-1%La/ZrO2 catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation with subsequent impregnation method. Various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study crystalline structural, textural and acid properties of the prepared catalysts. XRD results revealed that the presence of stable La2O3/ZrO2 tetragonal phase for SO4-1-1%La2O3/ZrO2 was observed at calcined temperature up to 600 °C. No diffraction peaks of La2O3 appeared in the profile of SO4-1-1%La2O3/ZrO2, indicated that the La2O3 was finely dispersed on the ZrO2 support. The doping of SO4-1-ZrO2 with La2O3 led to a significant decrease in its BET surface area, total pore volume and pore diameter. A relatively uniform pore size distribution of SO4-1-1%La2O3/ZrO2 catalyst with average pore diameter of 6 nm was found at the calcined temperature of 600 °C. Lewis acid sites existed in the synthesized SO4-1-1%La2O3/ZrO2 were lower than that counterpart. A loss of sulfate species was noted at high calcined temperature. The prepared SO4-1-1%La2O3/ZrO2 will be further used as a solid catalyst for transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel, and the addition of La2O3 on the support could lead to enhance the catalytic activity and thermal stability.
Preparing the Melt for the Amorphous and Nanocrystalline State
Authors: Tsepelev Vladimir S. , Starodubtsev Yuri N. , Tsepeleva Nadezhda
Published: September 2019

The scientific as well as applied approach to addressing the problem of the particle’s liquid state structure should rely on experimental data related to the particular liquid; take into account the temperature interval of its existence, the history and the main aims of the investigation. Taking into account the concept of the quasi-chemical model of the liquid micro-non-uniform composition and the research made on the physical properties of the Fe-based melts being crystallized, the unique technology of the melt time-temperature treatment has been developed. Amorphous ribbons produced using this technology require optimal annealing temperatures to be specifically selected. The results of studying nanocrystalline magnetic core’ properties and their structure in the course of annealing at temperatures below and above the optimal ones are presented. In the amorphous ribbon obtained in the mode of preparation of the melt with overheating above the critical temperature, an enhanced value of the enthalpy of crystallization is found. After the heat treatments of the cores, the mode with overheating the melt above the critical temperature results in higher magnetic properties.
Tool Wear in Intermittent Cutting of AISI 304 Stainless Steel by Thermally-Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Wada Tadahiro
Published: September 2019

The use of thermal spray coatings is increasing to improve abrasion resistance, erosion and corrosion resistance. To improve the dimensional accuracy or surface roughness, it is often necessary for thermally-sprayed machine parts to be machined by the removal process. As thermally-sprayed coatings often show difficult-to-cut properties, a cutting, grinding, or honing process is usually employed. Replacement of the grinding process with a cutting process is an effective method for improving productivity. Cutting is performed intermittently because there is a hole in the ball part. However, there are no studies on intermittent cutting of thermally-sprayed coatings. In this study, in order to obtain an effective tool material for intermittent cutting of two types of the thermally-sprayed coating AISI 304, the tool wear was investigated experimentally. The results are as follows: (1) In the case of intermittent cutting of Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating AISI 304, Si3N4 ceramics were considered an effective tool material. (2) In the case of intermittent cutting of thermally-sprayed (WC-Cr-Ni) cermet coating AISI 304, the uncoated cBN having the large grain size of cBN and a high content rate was effective for wear resistance.
Nano Calcium Carbonate Production Utilizing Solvay-Process Industrial Wastewater and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Bayoumi Rana Adel , Ahmed T.S. , Soliman A. , Ismail Ibrahim M.
Published: September 2019

nanoparticles are catching more attention due to their implementation as a filling material in a variety of fields. Nowadays, calcium carbonate nanoparticles have a large number of industrial applications replacing more expensive binders. Global warming and climate change, which are mainly caused by the increased concentration of carbon dioxide gas (CO2), turned to be a significant problem for our society. This research aims to develop an economic mineral carbonation process for the manufacture of nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC), which can be considered also as an efficient way for the sequestration of CO2. The proposed research was divided into two stages, during the first stage a pure calcium chloride solution was carbonated, and the effect of different parameters (CO2 flow rate, ammonia amount, presence of additives, stirring rate, and ultrasonic waves) on the yield and the particle size of the produced particles was discussed. Then a synthetic Solvay wastewater sample was prepared and carbonated to study the effect of the presence of impurities on the particle size. The experimental results showed that increasing the amount of ammonia or the gas flow rate can affect the yield of the product while, increasing the stirring rate, the ammonia amount, or a suitable additive like glycerol have the effect to decrease the particle size. In the second stage, a process for ammonia recovery was modeled using Aspen Plus software v8.8 in order to make our process more economic.
Evaluation of the Colorimetric Performance of Unmodified Citrate-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles for Copper (II) Sensing in Water
Authors: Almaquer Francis Eric P. , Perez Jem Valerie D.
Published: September 2019

In this study, the colorimetric performance of unmodified citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles (cit-AgNP) for Cu2+ detection was investigated. Cit-AgNP was successfully synthesized using the modified Creighton method with sodium borohydride as reducing agent and trisodium citrate as stabilizing agent. The resulting nanoparticle was yellow in color, characteristic of AgNP. The absorbance peak was determined at 400 nm using UV Vis analysis while for morphology, the particles were spherical in shape with an average diameter of 11 nm determined by TEM analysis. In the presence of increasing Cu2+ concentration, the yellow cit-AgNP turned orange and showed decreasing absorbance at 400 nm with simultaneous emergence of additional peak at 450 nm. These changes were attributed to the nanoparticle aggregation confirmed by TEM analysis. A calibration curve generated showed that the absorbance ratio 450/400 nm is directly proportional to Cu2+ concentration from 0 to 40x10-4 M with good linear fit at R2 = 0.9749. The detection and quantification limits were determined to be 6.59x10-4 M and 21.97x10-4 M, respectively. Overall, the study demonstrated the potential of the assay for Cu2+ sensing application.
Acoustic Emission Signals of Pull-Off Test for Concrete Slab Strengthened with CFRP Using Various Surface Preparations
Authors: Noorsuhada Md Nor , Soffian Noor Mat N. , Siti Norfahanim A.M. , Hisbany M.H. Mohd , Norfaridah M.
Published: September 2019

This study investigates the acoustic emission signals of concrete slab strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) under pull-off test. Three types of surface preparations were prepared namely without surface preparation, normal surface preparation and boring surface preparation. The slabs were then tested under pull-off test in conjunction with acoustic emission technique. The pull-off strength, acoustic signal strength, amplitude, duration and rise time were analysed and discussed. It was found that the boring surface preparation produced the highest pull-off strength compared to other surface preparations, indicating good bonding between the CFRP and the concrete interface. This study is useful in identifying the bonding between CFRP and concrete using acoustic emission technique.
Mechanical Performances of Green Engineered Cementitious Composites Incorporating Various Types of Sand
Authors: Lee Siong Wee , Oh Chai Lian , Zain Mohd Raizamzamani Md , Yahya Norrul Azmi , Ali Rahman Azerai
Published: September 2019

This paper evaluates the mechanical performances of green engineered cementitious composites (ECC) by means of compressive strength and flexural behaviour. Green ECC made of cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), river sand or recycled concrete fine (RCF), polypropylene (PP) fiber, water and superplasticizer (SP) was employed in this study. Compression test result implies that green ECC incorporating either sieved river sand or sieved RCF (below 600 μm) in series G60 and G70 exhibited greater compressive strength compared with green ECC with unsieved river sand. In series G80, compressive strength of green ECC was not affected by RCF content. Flexural stress-mid deflection curves demonstrated that all green ECC specimens performed more ductile compared to normal concrete as they undergone large deformation capacity after the first cracking strength. Both compression and flexural tests suggested that mixture G80SRCF0.4 containing large amount of sieved RCF and least amount of cement is the best green ECC mixture in this study.
Influence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Addition on the Hardness of NiAl-CNT and NiAl3-CNT Composites
Authors: Awotunde Mary Ajimegoh , Ayodele Olusoji Oluremi , Adegbenjo Adewale Oladapo , Okoro Moses , Shongwe Mxolisi Brendon , Olubambi Peter Apata
Published: September 2019

Nickel aluminides have shown great potential as high temperature structural materials. In this study, two classes of nickel aluminide were reinforced with 0.5wt% MWCNTs. Starting powders of nickel, aluminium and MWCNTs were ball milled together using a two stage milling regime and consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The effect of MWCNT reinforcement on the hardness of two classes of nickel aluminide was investigated. Microhardness values revealed a lack of dependence on densification for the NiAl3 composites. The microhardness values of NiAl-CNT reduced with MWCNT addition whereas microhardness values of NiAl3-CNT increased with MWCNT addition.
Thermal Expansion of Polyether Ether Ketone Bearing Components
Authors: Allison Bryan D. , Vanderwiel Connor M.
Published: September 2019

Carbon fiber–reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a strong candidate for aerospace bearing cages due to its low density and good mechanical properties. However, there are still concerns regarding its performance at the elevated temperatures seen in aerospace applications.
In particular, an accurate measurement of PEEK's coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is critical to proper bearing design. In this paper, the CTE of as-manufactured PEEK cages was measured to determine the range of CTE that can be expected for production parts. A range of cage sizes and
designs were considered in this study. Components that were manufactured from stock shapes through subtractive methods were studied in addition to components made via injection molding. The CTE of machined PEEK was found to be significantly higher than that of injection-molded PEEK and also
varied significantly from part to part. In contrast, the CTE of molded PEEK cages was found to be fairly consistent between parts. Finally, the CTE of PEEK was found to increase above the glass transition temperature of 143 °C, but it was demonstrated that this increase is relatively small
for injection-molded parts.
Incidental gallbladder carcinoma: Utility of histopathological evaluation of routine cholecystectomy specimens
Authors: Jha Vidya , Sharma Preeti , Mandal K. Ashish
Published: September 2019

Background: Incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC) is rare cancer diagnosed during or after cholecystectomy done for benign gallbladder disease. The concern whether routine histopathological examination is needed for all cholecystectomy specimens still remains debatable. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with IGBC over a period of 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical details including clinical presentation, preoperative ultrasound (USG) findings, and macroscopic features were retrieved. Diagnosis of IGBC was confirmed on microscopic examination, and staging was done using the tumor node metastasis staging system. Results: Of the 4800 cholecystectomy specimens retrieved, diagnosis of IGBC was rendered in twenty cases (0.41%). Mean patient age was 50.65 years with a female preponderance. Preoperative USG detected an increase in wall thickness in six cases (30%) in contrast to gross examination which revealed the same in 55% (11/20) cases. Mucosal ulceration was observed in two cases (10%) of IGBC and seven cases (35%) did not reveal any preoperative or macroscopic findings suggestive of malignancy. Associated cholelithiasis was observed in 14 cases. Final diagnosis of IGBC was made on histomorphological assessment with tumor cells infiltrating the lamina propria in three cases (pT1b), muscularis propria in 15 cases (pT1b), and serosa in the remaining 2 cases (pT2). Conclusion: IGBC is a clinical masquerader which often evades the eye of a radiologist and comes as pathological surprise. Histopathological examination of cholecystectomy specimens remains the gold standard for the detection of this occult, yet notorious malignancy and assessment of the depth of invasion in IGBC guide further management.
Assessment of oral mucositis during concurrent chemoradiation of head and neck cancers using patient-reported measurement scale
Authors: Chaitanya Nallan CSK , Muthukrishnan Arvind , Karunakar P. , Himani Manchala , Jyothi Allam Neeharika Satya , Jain Neha
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Oral mucositis (OM) is a major challenge encountered in concurrent radiochemotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancers. The patient reported OM symptoms scale (PROMS) was administered on these patients. The objective was to develop the similar scale in an Indian language and prescribe it population undergoing cancer treatment. Materials and Methods: PROMS scale was converted to Telugu language. Fifty-one patients took part in the study. All of them answered the 10-point questions marked their responses on 100 mm visual analog scale after thorough oral examination using WHO grading by the same examiner. Results: Internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha on PROMS scale was 0.81–0.97. The questionnaire study was administered on 35 males and 16 females with the mean age of 54.9 ± 11.8. The decrease in the total PROMS score was marked on day 35 in almost all patients, with a mean value of 34.04 ± 30.2 followed by a further significant decrease on day 60 (follow-up) with a mean of 3.71 ± 7.8. The PROMS scores correlated strongly with the clinician-rated OM scores during the first 35 weeks from the baseline at 0.84 with P < 0.01 and poor correlation was at day 60, i.e. 0.32 with P < 0.05 using Spearman's Rho correlation. Conclusion: The study showed a good correlation between patient-reported items and clinical score by standard grading scale. This questionnaire may not be a sole guide in assessing the severity of OM but could be definitely used as an adjunct to clinical oral examination at assessment levels.
Efficacy and tolerability of bortezomib and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Hassan Zafar Mir Sadaqat , Khan Afaq Ahmed , Aggarwal Shyam , Bhargava Manorama
Published: September 2019

Background: Outcome in multiple myeloma (MM) has improved substantially over recent years as a result of the availability of multiple novel agents with acceptable safety profile. Study Design: Prospective observational study at a tertiary care institute. Methods: Twenty-five newly diagnosed patients of MM were treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone induction with monitoring for response and safety, followed by peripheral blood autologous stem cell transplant (PBASCT) in eligible patients or maintenance. Results: Out of 25 patients, 32% attained complete response (CR), 56% very good partial response (VGPR), 4% PR, and 8% showed no response. The overall response rate was 92%. In our study, 56% of patients showed hematological side effects, out of which thrombocytopenia was seen in 32%, anemia in 16%, and leukopenia in 8%. Six patients developed bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy, out of which four had grade 1 (66.66%), one had grade 2 (16.66%), and 1 (16.66%) had grade 3 toxicity. Sixteen patients were eligible for PBASCT, out of which eight patients received this therapy while as remaining eight patients opted for two more cycles of induction therapy followed by maintenance. After completing 18 months of maintenance, all the eight patients who underwent PBASCT were in CR. Out of the 15 patients who did not receive PBASCT five attained CR, eight VGPR while as two patients relapsed. Conclusion: Bortezomib plus dexamethasone is highly effective and well-tolerated regimen for frontline treatment of MM with a higher quality of response in an advanced stage and renal failure patients.