bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Claudin-1 is linked to presence of implants and micropapillary pattern in serous borderline epithelial tumours of the ovary
Authors: El-Balat Ahmed , Schmeil Iryna , Gasimli Khayal , Sänger Nicole , Karn Thomas , Ahr Andre , Becker Sven , Arsenic Ruza , Holtrich Uwe , Engels Knut
Published: August 2018

Aims

Expression of Claudin-1 has been associated with prognosis in several cancers. Here we investigated the expression pattern of Claudin-1 in borderline tumours of the ovary (BOT).

Methods

We analysed a cohort of 114 cases of borderline tumour (BOT). Claudin-1 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody and was compared with clinical and histopathological characteristics.

Results

Strong Claudin-1 expression was found in 30 cases (26.3%) independent of histological subtype. Expression was significantly less frequent in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I (p= 0.045), while the presence of microinvasion did not correlate with Claudin-1 expression. In contrast, we detected a highly significant association of Claudin-1 expression with the presence of peritoneal implants (p=0.003) and micropapillary pattern (p=0.047), which are features exclusively seen in serous BOT. Moreover, when we restricted our analysis to the subtype of serous BOT, the association of Claudin-1 expression with peritoneal implants (p<0.001) and micropapillary pattern (p =0.003) remained highly significant.

Conclusions

In conclusion, Claudin-1 expression is associated with the presence of peritoneal implants and micropapillary pattern, which have been shown to be associated with poor prognosis. We speculate that overexpression of Claudin-1 might be linked to the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation in BOT and suggest further studies to define its prognostic and potential therapeutic value.
Association of community-level inequities and premature mortality: Chicago, 2011–2015
Authors: Lange-Maia Brittney S , De Maio Fernando , Avery Elizabeth F , Lynch Elizabeth B , Laflamme Emily M , Ansell David A , Shah Raj C
Published: August 2018

Background

Substantial disparities in life expectancy exist between Chicago’s 77 defined community areas, ranging from approximately 69 to 85 years. Prior work in New York City and Boston has shown that community-level racial and economic segregation as measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) is strongly related to premature mortality. This novel metric allows for the joint assessment of area-based income and racial polarisation. This study aimed to assess the relationships between racial and economic segregation and economic hardship with premature mortality in Chicago.

Methods

Annual age-adjusted premature mortality rates (deaths <65 years) from 2011 to 2015 were calculated for Chicago’s 77 community areas. ICE measures for household income (<US$25 000 vs ≥US$100 000), race (black vs non-Hispanic white), combined ICE measure incorporating income and race, and hardship index were calculated from 2015 American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Results

Average annual premature mortality rates ranged from 94 (95% CI 61 to 133) deaths per 100 000 population age <65 to 699 (95% CI 394 to 1089). Compared with the highest ICE quintiles, communities in the lowest quintiles had significantly higher rates of premature mortality (ICEIncomerate ratio (RR)=3.06, 95% CI 2.51 to 3.73; ICERaceRR=3.07, 95% CI 2.62 to 3.58; ICEIncome+RaceRR=3.27, 95% CI 2.84 to 3.77). Similarly, compared with communities in the lowest hardship index quintile, communities in the highest quintile had significantly higher premature mortality rates (RR=2.79, 95% CI 2.18 to 3.57).

Conclusions

The strong relationships observed between ICE measures and premature mortality—particularly the combined ICE metric encompassing race and income—support the use of ICE in public health monitoring.
Are associations between HIV and human papillomavirus transmission due to behavioural confounding or biological effects?
Authors: van Schalkwyk Cari , Moodley Jennifer , Welte Alex , Johnson Leigh Francis
Published: August 2018

Objectives

Cohort studies have shown significant increased risk of HIV acquisition following human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and increased risk of new HPV detection in individuals with HIV infection, after adjusting for behavioural risk factors. This study uses an individual-based model to assess whether confounding sexual behaviour factors and network level effects can explain these associations between HIV and HPV infection status, without biological interactions.

Methods

The model simulates infection with 13 oncogenic HPV types and HIV. It allows for different relationship types, with heterogeneity in probabilities of concurrency and rates of partner change. No effect of prevalent HPV infection on HIV acquisition is assumed and vice versa. The model is calibrated to South African HIV and type-specific HPV prevalence data using a Bayesian approach. The model is used to simulate cohorts with quarterly HIV and HPV testing from 2000 to 2002. These simulated data are analysed using proportional hazard models.

Results

The mean of the unadjusted HRs of HIV acquisition following detection of an oncogenic HPV type calculated for each simulated cohort is 2.6 (95% CI 2.2 to 3.1). The mean of the unadjusted HRs for the effect of HIV on newly detected HPV is 2.5 (95% CI 2.2 to 2.8). Simulated associations between HIV and HPV infection status are similar to corresponding empirical estimates. In sensitivity analyses in which HIV and HPV were assumed to increase each other’s transmission risk, simulated associations were stronger but not inconsistent with empirical estimates.

Conclusions

Although we cannot rule out the possibility that associations between HIV and HPV transmission may be due in part to biological interactions, these results suggest that observed associations could be explained entirely by residual confounding by behavioural factors and network-level effects that observational studies cannot account for.
The “hole” story of predatory outer-membrane vesicles
Authors: Clarke Anthony J.
Published: August 2018

All Gram-negative bacteria release membrane vesicles. These vesicles contain a cargo of proteins and enzymes that include one or more autolysins. Autolysins are a group of enzymes with specificity for the different linkages within peptidoglycan sacculi that if uncontrolled cause bacteriolysis. This minireview, written in honor and memory of Terry Beveridge, presents an overview of autolytic activity and focuses on Beveridge’s important original observations regarding predatory membrane vesicles and their associated autolysin cargo.
Arsenate-dependent growth is independent of an ArrA mechanism of arsenate respiration in the termite hindgut isolateCitrobactersp. strain TSA-1
Authors: Blum Jodi Switzer , Hernandez-Maldonado Jaime , Redford Kaitlyn , Sing Caitlyn , Bennett Stacy C. , Saltikov Chad W. , Oremland Ronald S.
Published: August 2018

Citrobacter sp. strain TSA-1 is an enteric bacterium isolated from the hindgut of the termite. Strain TSA-1 displays anaerobic growth with selenite, fumarate, tetrathionate, nitrate, or arsenate serving as electron acceptors, and it also grows aerobically. In regards to arsenate, genome sequencing revealed that strain TSA-1 lacks a homolog for respiratory arsenate reductase, arrAB, and we were unable to obtain amplicons of arrA. This raises the question as to how strain TSA-1 achieves As(V)-dependent growth. We show that growth of strain TSA-1 on glycerol, which it cannot ferment, is linked to the electron acceptor arsenate. A series of transcriptomic experiments were conducted to discern which genes were upregulated during growth on arsenate, as opposed to those on fumarate or oxygen. For As(V), upregulation was noted for 1 of the 2 annotated arsC genes, while there was no clear upregulation for tetrathionate reductase (ttr), suggesting that this enzyme is not an alternative to arrAB as occurs in certain hyperthermophilic archaea. A gene-deletion mutant strain of TSA-1 deficient in arsC could not achieve anaerobic respiratory growth on As(V). Our results suggest that Citrobacter sp. strain TSA-1 has an unusual and as yet undefined means of achieving arsenate respiration, perhaps involving its ArsC as a respiratory reductase as well as a detoxifying agent.
The effect of gram-positive (Desulfosporosinus orientis) and gram-negative (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) sulfate-reducing bacteria on iron sulfide mineral precipitation
Authors: Stanley William , Southam Gordon
Published: August 2018

Growth of two dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfosporosinus orientis (gram-positive) and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (gram-negative), in a chemically defined culture medium resulted in similar growth rates (doubling times for each culture = 2.8 h) and comparable rates of H2S generation (D. orientis = 0.19 nmol/L S2–per cell per h; D. desulfuricans = 0.12 nmol/L S2–per cell per h). Transmission electron microscopy of whole mounts and thin sections revealed that the iron sulfide mineral precipitates produced by the two cultures were morphologically different. The D. orientis culture flocculated, with the minerals occurring as subhedral plate-like precipitates, which nucleated on the cell wall during exponential growth producing extensive mineral aggregates following cell autolysis and endospore release. In contrast, the D. desulfuricans culture produced fine-grained colloidal or platy iron sulfide precipitates primarily within the bulk solution. Mineral analysis by scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated that neither culture promoted advanced mineral development beyond a 1:1 Fe:S stoichiometry. This analysis did not detect pyrite (FeS2). The average Fe:S ratios were 1 : 1.09 ± 0.03 at 24 h and 1 : 1.08 ± 0.03 at 72 h for D. orientis and 1 : 1.05 ± 0.02 at 24 h and 1 : 1.09 ± 0.07 at 72 h for D. desulfuricans. The formation of “biogenic” iron sulfides by dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria is influenced by bacterial cell surface structure, chemistry, and growth strategy, i.e., mineral aggregation occurred with cell autolysis of the gram-positive bacterium.
Influence of tool rotational speed on microstructural characteristics of dissimilar Mg alloys during friction stir welding
Authors: Sevvel P. , Satheesh C. , Jaiganesh V.
Published: August 2018

Dissimilar friction stir welding of the AZ80A Mg alloy as the advancing side and the AZ91C Mg alloy as the retreating side was carried out at a constant feed rate of 75 mm/min using a taper cylindrical pin profiled tool at different tool rotational speeds. Defect free welds were produced in the 700–900 rpm rotational speed range. During friction stir welding, extrusion of metal took place in the advancing side and this extruded material was dynamically recrystallized and redeposited on the retreating side. This experimental investigation revealed that friction stir welding leads to the formation of comparatively finer sized grains on the retreating side of the thermo-mechanically affected zone compared to grains in the thermo-mechanically affected zone on the advancing side. Moreover, the heat affected zone of AZ80A possessed fine sized grains compared to the heat affected zone of AZ91C. Additionally, increasing tool rotational speed influenced the tensile strength of the fabricated joints.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Coverage-Based Fault Localizations Using Mutants
Authors: Xue Xiaozhen , Siami-Namini Sima , Namin Akbar Siami
Published: August 2018

Empirical studies show that coverage-based fault localizations are very effective in testing and debugging software applications. It is also a commonly held belief that no software testing techniques would perform best for all programs with various data structures and complexity. An important research question posed in this paper is whether the type and complexity of faults in a given program has any influence on the performance of these fault localization techniques.

This paper investigates the performance of coverage-based fault localizations for different types of faults. We explore and compare the accuracy of these techniques for two large groups of faults often observed in object-oriented programs. First, we explore different types of traditional method-level faults grouped into six categories including those related to arithmetic, relational, conditional, logical, assignment, and shift. We then focus on class-level faults related to object-oriented features and group them into four categories including inheritance, overriding, Java-specific features, and common programming mistakes. The results show that coverage-based fault localizations are less effective for class-level faults associated with object-oriented features of programs. We therefore advocate the needs for designing more effective fault localizations for debugging object-oriented and class-level defects.
Knowledge Recommendation Method for Concept Development of Manufacturing Technology Using Morphological Similarity
Authors: Geng Junhao , Zhang Sumei , Hui Wei
Published: August 2018

Concept development is the first and most knowledge-intensive step in the development process of manufacturing technology. Its core is to find a solid scientific foundation for the manufacturing requirements in order to propose a feasible manufacturing technology concept. However, the lack of formal methods and finiteness of personal knowledge result in high randomness and low efficiency of this step. This paper presents a formal design knowledge recommendation method for manufacturing technology concept development by calculating the morphological similarity between manufacturing requirements and multi-domain effect knowledge. In this method, the morphological matrix of general manufacturing technology is constructed first as a template. Then, manufacturing requirements and multi-domain effect knowledge are both expressed as matrices based on this template. Finally, through quantitatively calculating the normalized weighted Euclidean distance between manufacturing requirements and multi-domain effect knowledge, suitable effects of knowledge which are from different domains and have the domain-highest similarity are recommended as the initial design foundation for the concept of new manufacturing technology (NMT). A software system has been developed and a concept development case of composite machining technology was provided to validate this method. The result shows that the proposed approach can reduce the randomness and increase the efficiency of manufacturing technology concept development.
New bounds on the independence number of connected graphs
Authors: Rad Nader Jafari , Sharifi Elahe
Published: August 2018

The independence number of a graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the maximum cardinality of an independent set of vertices in [Formula: see text]. [Henning and Löwenstein An improved lower bound on the independence number of a graph, Discrete Applied Mathematics  179 (2014) 120–128.] proved that if a connected graph [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] and size [Formula: see text] does not belong to a specific family of graphs, then [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we strengthen the above bound for connected graphs with maximum degree at least three that have a non-cut-vertex of maximum degree. We show that if a connected graph [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] and size [Formula: see text] has a non-cut-vertex of maximum degree then [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the maximum degree of the vertices of [Formula: see text]. We also characterize all connected graphs [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] and size [Formula: see text] that have a non-cut-vertex of maximum degree and [Formula: see text].
Miospores from the Brigantian stratotype section at Janny Wood, Cumbria
Authors: McLean Duncan , Owens Bernard , Bodman David J. , McLean Finlay D.
Published: August 2018

Miospores from the clastic intervals between the Robinson Limestone and the Peghorn Limestone in the Brigantian (Mississippian) stratotype section at Janny Wood, Cumbria, are assigned to the
Tripartites vetustus–Rotaspora fracta
(VF) Assemblage Biozone. The species
Murospora parthenopia
, normally considered to be restricted to the underlying
Raistrickia nigra–Triquitrites marginatus
(NM) Biozone, is also recorded.
Tripartites vetustus
is recorded from the stratigraphically deepest sample, meaning that the base of the VF Biozone lies within the Asbian and not at the base of the Brigantian. The base of the VF Biozone cannot be proven in Janny Wood. A review of independent palaeontological controls on the age of the first appearance of
T. vetustus
in Britain indicates a lack of stratigraphical precision at the local level.

Supplementary material:
A full biostratigraphical range chart and a spreadsheet of biostratigraphical data are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4199306
Sildenafil improves vascular endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Rodriguez-Miguelez Paula , Lee Nichole , Tucker Matthew A. , Csányi Gábor , McKie Kathleen T. , Forseen Caralee , Harris Ryan A.
Published: August 2018

Cystic fibrosis (CF), characterized by defective CFTR function, is associated with multiple systemic complications, including vascular dysfunction. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, not only enhances nitric oxide (NO) metabolism but has been shown to improve CFTR functionality as well. Thus, sildenafil has been proposed as a therapy to improve vascular health in CF; however, its potential therapeutic role has yet to be determined. We sought to investigate the effect of sildenafil on endothelial function in patients with CF. Patients with CF completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with an acute dose of sildenafil (50 mg) or placebo followed by a 4-wk open-label extension with sildenafil (20 mg/day). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to evaluate endothelial function before and after treatments. In addition, phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (pNOS3) and total NOS3 protein expression was determined from endothelial cells that were exposed to plasma from the patients before and after 4 wk of sildenafil treatment. No changes ( P ≥ 0.110) in endothelial function were observed after the acute dose of sildenafil. However, FMD significantly ( P = 0.029) increased after 4 wk of treatment (∆FMD: 1.5 ± 2.2%). Moreover, pNOS3 protein expression significantly ( P = 0.013) increased after 4 wk of treatment (∆pNOS3: 0.31 ± 0.39 arbitrary units) and was associated ( r = 0.593, P = 0.033) with the change in FMD. These data suggest that 4 wk of sildenafil treatment can improve vascular endothelial function in patients with CF, likely through an increase in NOS3 phosphorylation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Findings from the present study demonstrate, for the first time, significant improvement of endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis treated with sildenafil that is associated with greater phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. These results support the use of sildenafil as a potential novel therapy for this patient population.
Human Organoids Share Structural and Genetic Features with Primary Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Tumors
Authors: Romero-Calvo Isabel , Weber Christopher R. , Ray Mohana , Brown Miguel , Kirby Kori , Nandi Rajib K. , Long Tiha M. , Sparrow Samantha M. , Ugolkov Andrey , Qiang Wenan , Zhang Yilin , Brunetti Tonya , Kindler Hedy , Segal Jeremy P. , Rzhetsky Andrey , Mazar Andrew P. , Buschmann Mary M. , Weichselbaum Ralph , Roggin Kevin , White Kevin P.
Published: August 2018

Patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) organoid systems show great promise for understanding the biological underpinnings of disease and advancing therapeutic precision medicine. Despite the increased use of organoids, the fidelity of molecular features, genetic heterogeneity, and drug response to the tumor of origin remain important unanswered questions limiting their utility. To address this gap in knowledge, primary tumor- and patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoids, and 2D cultures for in-depth genomic and histopathologic comparisons with the primary tumor were created. Histopathologic features and PDAC representative protein markers (e.g., claudin 4 and CA19-9) showed strong concordance. DNA- and RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) of single organoids revealed patient-specific genomic and transcriptomic consistency. Single-cell RNAseq demonstrated that organoids are primarily a clonal population. In drug response assays, organoids displayed patient-specific sensitivities. In addition, the in vivo PDX response to FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/abraxane treatments were examined, which was recapitulated in vitro with organoids. This study has demonstrated that organoids are potentially invaluable for precision medicine as well as preclinical drug treatment studies because they maintain distinct patient phenotypes and respond differently to drug combinations and dosage.

Implications:

The patient-specific molecular and histopathologic fidelity of organoids indicate that they can be used to understand the etiology of the patient's tumor and the differential response to therapies and suggests utility for predicting drug responses.
Transtornos mentais e comportamentais por uso de substâncias psicoativas em hospital psiquiátrico
Authors: Fernandes Márcia Astrês , Pinto Kellison Lucas Carvalho , Teixeira Neto José Alves , Magalhães Juliana Macêdo , Carvalho Claudia Maria Sousa de , Oliveira Ana Lívia Castelo Branco de
Published: August 2018

No presente estudo, teve-se por objetivo descrever o perfil de pacientes, internados em um hospital psiquiátrico, diagnosticados com transtornos mentais e comportamentais devidos ao uso de substâncias psicoativas. Estudo documental do tipo restrospectivo, obtido por meio do registro de admissões no livro do serviço. No total, 10,4% dos registros de pacientes internados no ano estudado foram avaliados. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas. Dos resultados, a maioria era homem, adulto jovem, desempregada, com uso simultâneo de drogas, sendo o álcool a substância mais consumida. A taxa de reinternações no ano em questão foi de 29,6%. A prática de intervenções interdisciplinares facilita a qualidade em saúde, de modo que os profissionais possam atuar no acolhimento ao usuário, bem como em suas necessidades de saúde.
Dimensões teórico-práticas na formação do enfermeiro:
Authors: Tavares Marcus Luciano de Oliveira , Reinaldo Amanda Márcia dos Santos , Silveira Belisa Vieira da
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Identificar as crenças e atitudes de estudantes de enfermagem em relação ao tratamento de pacientes alcoolistas. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, desenvolvida com 117 estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade pública. Utilizou-se a escala de “Atitudes e Crenças Sobre o Alcoolismo”. Resultados: Os estudantes compreendem a importância do enfermeiro no diagnóstico precoce dos sinais e sintomas do alcoolismo, da abstinência e das possibilidades assistenciais para a área, mas se sentem despreparados e inseguros frente ao fenômeno multidisciplinar que é o alcoolismo. Conclusão: Percebe-se a necessidade de maior inserção teórico-prática acerca do uso de álcool e outras drogas no currículo de enfermagem.
Fatores associados ao aparecimento do estresse em uma amostra de estudantes de enfermagem universitários
Authors: Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim , Silva Lauryanna Queiroz de , Rocha Francisca Cecília Viana , Batista Maria do Rosário De Fátima Franco , Sales Magda Coeli Vitorino
Published: August 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar os fatores associados ao aparecimento do estresse em uma amostra de estudantes de enfermagem universitários. Estudo descritivo-exploratório e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 181 estudantes de enfermagem de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. Os dados foram coletados pelo questionário de Avaliação do Estresse de Estudantes de Enfermagem e processados no programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Os resultados evidenciaram que as condições do estresse estão presentes ao longo do curso de graduação em enfermagem, com destaque para o domínio realização de atividades práticas que apresentou elevados níveis de estresse no sexto semestre. Concluiu-se sobre a necessidade de desenvolver meios confortáveis para conduzir os estudantes a vivenciar uma formação acadêmica mais saudável, favorecendo a redução de fatores estressores.
Metilfenidato e melhoramento cognitivo em universitários
Authors: Monteiro Brisa Marina de Meireles , Oliveira Kênia Marice de , Rodrigues Laís De Aquino , Fernandes Thaís Ferraz , Silva Júlia Brighenti Menezes , Viana Nájila Aélida Oliveira , Gama Carlos Alberto Pegolo da
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Muitas informações circulam na literatura não científica a respeito da “pílula da inteligência”, termo utilizado para designar o metilfenidato. Assim, a presente revisão sistemática reúne dados sobre as motivações, expectativas, efeitos e prejuízos do uso não prescrito de metilfenidato por universitários. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática no período de 2008 a 2015. Resultados: Há escassez de dados científicos sobre as reais motivações desse uso devido especialmente às limitações metodológicas dos estudos. Os instrumentos de pesquisa pouco investigam o uso de substâncias voltado para melhoramento cognitivo. O uso está relacionado à manutenção do estado de alerta e aumento de energia. Tais achados aliado ao fácil acesso à medicação tem tornado o uso do metilfenidato, pelos universitários, uma prática crescente.
Carbon Trading Scheme in the People's Republic of China: Evaluating the Performance of Seven Pilot Projects
Authors: Chen Xing , Xu Jintao
Published: August 2018

The People's Republic of China (PRC) launched seven emissions trading scheme (ETS) pilot projects in 2013–2014 to explore a cost-effective approach for low-carbon development. The central government subsequently announced its plans for the full-fledged implementation of ETS in the entire PRC in late 2017. To ensure the success of ETS in the PRC, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the experiences and lessons learned in the pilot projects. In this paper, we provide a policy overview of the seven pilot projects, including policy design, legislative basis, and market performance. We use the synthetic control method to evaluate the carbon mitigation effect of each of the seven ETS pilots. Our findings are that success has been limited and uneven across the pilot projects, which warrants deeper evaluation of the differences between them and caution in scheme expansion. Results from the analysis also shed light on policy improvements that can benefit the nationwide development of ETS.
Becoming American: Intermarriage during the Great Migration to the United States
Authors: Dribe Martin , Hacker J. David , Scalone Francesco
Published: August 2018

Although intermarriage is a common indicator of immigrant integration into host societies, most research has focused on how individual characteristics determine intermarriage. This study uses the 1910 ipums census sample to analyze how contextual factors affected intermarriage among European immigrants in the United States. Newly available, complete-count census microdata permit the construction of contextual measures at a much lower level of aggregation—the county—in this analysis than in previous studies. Our results confirm most findings in previous research relating to individual-level variables but also find important associations between contextual factors and marital outcomes. The relative size and sex ratio of an origin group, ethnic diversity, the share of the native-born white population, and the proportion of life that immigrants spent in the United State are all associated with exogamy. These patterns are highly similar across genders and immigrant generations.
The Substance of Doctrine: New England Calvinism and the Problem of Orthodoxy
Authors: MacDonald Andrew
Published: August 2018

This essay examines how underlying differing theologies of authority informed mid nineteenth-century Calvinist polemics and ultimately the fragmentation of the New Divinity in New England. Focusing on the polemical career of Nathaniel William Taylor, these differences were evident in earlier Unitarian controversies yet emerged as Taylor and his New Haven allies incrementally departed from historic confessional language.
Two new species of Sympagella (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Rossellidae) collected from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, East Pacific
Authors: HERZOG SASCHA , AMON DIVA J. , SMITH CRAIG R. , JANUSSEN DORTE
Published: August 2018

Two new Hexactinellida species from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the East Pacific Ocean are described. They are the first described representatives of the genus Sympagella in this region. The new sponges were collected in 2013 during the ABYSSLINE Project´s first cruise, AB01, on board the RV Melville. The CCZ is known for its polymetallic nodules but megafaunal biodiversity is still poorly understood. Our findings suggest that the poriferan fauna of the eastern CCZ is both species rich and inadequately known, and that substantially more sampling and taxonomic studies of the CCZ sponge fauna are required to establish a megafaunal biogeography and evaluate potential extinction risks resulting from polymetallic-nodule mining.
A new species of Hymeraphia Bowerbank, 1864 (Axinellida: Raspailiidae) from a deep-water canyon southwest off Ireland
Authors: MORROW CHRISTINE , ALLCOCK LOUISE A. , MCCORMACK GRACE
Published: August 2018

The genus Hymeraphia currently comprises three species and all records of the genus are from the northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The present paper describes a new species, H. vaceleti sp. nov. from a deep-water canyon, off southwest Ireland. H. vaceleti sp. nov. is morphologically distinct from other Hymeraphia species and 28S rRNA sequences show substantial differences between our new species and other Hymeraphia spp. We present data on the prevalence of sponge species established on the basis of single specimens (singletons) or uniques (species only known from a single locality). We argue for the recognition of singletons for species that are rare or from habitats that are very difficult to survey or sample, such as the deep sea.
Solar Disturbances and Interdiurnal Variations of Atmospheric Pressure*
Authors: Huntington Ellsworth
Published: August 2018

The conclusion is that interdiurnal variability of atmospheric pressure at New Haven appears to show a mathematically significant correlation with the position of sunspots on the disk of the sun as seen from the earth. The correlation indicates a double annual cycle in which high latitude of spots is associated with high barometric variability in summer and winter at about the time of the solstices and with low barometric variability in the spring and fall near the time when one or the other axis of the sun points most nearly to the earth. Whether the relationship thus suggested is thermal or electrical, or whether it has any causal connection with the axes of either the earth or the sun, we do not know. The important fact is that this first investigation of the latitude of sunspots in relation to barometric variability suggests that a hidden, and perhaps hitherto unrecognized factor, manifested in the form of the latitudinal location of sunspots, is somehow imposed upon the terrestrial factors which lead to interdiurnal changes of barometric pressure.
The Long-Period Variations in the Length of the 11-Year Solar Period, and Concurrent Variations in Terrestrial Phenomena
Authors: Clough H. W.
Published: August 2018

Synopsis

Long-period variations in solar phenomena are shown by the relative numbers at epochs of maxima and the intervals between successive maxima or minima. Intensity values are available only from 1750, or the date of the beginning of the Wolfer relative numbers. The interval values are derived from the Wolfer epochs from 1611 and from the epochs of maxima beginning 301 A.D., first derived by Fritz and revised by the writer. There is a high negative correlation between the intensity at a maximum and the interval from the preceding minimum.

The epochs of maximum and minimum auroral frequency, available since 1611, and of magnetic declination range since 1775, afford an independent check on the reliability of the Wolfer epochs. A change in two of the epochs of maxima is suggested.

The reliability of the Fritz ancient epochs is confirmed by a graphical device, showing the continuity of the 11-year epochs since 301.

The existence of long-period variations in the length of the 11-year period is shown by a graphical periodicity tabulation of the 11-year intervals since 301. A 37-year period is shown by the existence of maxima every third or fourth interval, and an 83-year period is shown by a similar tabulation of the smoothed intervals. These periods are also obtained by the rigid method of self-correlation of the 11-year intervals, and numerous series of terrestrial data yield by self-correlation the same periods. The meteorological effects following certain solar changes are briefly summarized.
Transmission of the Total and the Infrared Component of Solar Radiation Through a Smoky Atmosphere
Authors: Hand Irving F.
Published: August 2018

Immediately before and during the passage of a smoke cloud from forest fires, simultaneous measurements were made of total normal incidence solar radiation and that portion of the solar spectrum longer than 0.7μ. Calculations made of the relative amount of radiation that should be received for both the total and limited components checked closely with the ratios between measurements with a smoke-free atmosphere but showed variance with ratios obtained in the presence of smoke. The range between the maximum and minimum values of total radiation during a ten-minute period in the presence of smoke was 2.3 times as great as the range between the maximum and minimum values of infrared radiation; from which we conclude, as theory implies, that long-wave radiation passes much more freely through an atmosphere containing particles slightly less than one micron in diameter than does the shorter, or visible and ultraviolet radiation.
Efficacy of Afternoon Plerixafor Administration for Stem Cell Mobilization
Authors: El Rahi Cynthia , Cox James Eldin , May Romelia , Carrum George , Anyadike Gloria Obi , Scholoff Audrey , Kamble Rammurti
Published: August 2018

Background:

When used for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, plerixafor was originally recommended to be administered 11 hours prior to apheresis based on the peak effect of 10 to 14 hours translating into an administration time of 10 to 11 pm. Reports of post-plerixafor anaphylactic reactions mandated labeling change by the Food and Drug Administration with recommendation of monitoring patients after administration. Based on data suggesting sustained plerixafor activity at 18 hours, we changed our administration time to 4 pm at our center.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to compare the stem cell collection efficiency before and after the practice change at our institution.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review for patients with multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma who received a plerixafor-containing mobilization regimen was conducted. The primary end point was the percentage of patients achieving the minimal CD34+ cell goal in ⩽2 apheresis days. The secondary end points included the percentage of patients achieving the preferred CD34+ cell goal in ⩽2 apheresis days, days of apheresis, total CD34+ cells Collected, and engraftment time.

Results:

A total of 208 patients (4 pm group n = 68, 10 pm group n = 140) with multiple myeloma (n = 112), Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 10), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 86) were included in the analysis. About 91% and 89% ( P = .804) of the patients in the 4 and 10 pm groups, respectively, collected minimum cell dose. Preferred CD34+ cell goal was achieved in 57% and 53% of patients in the 4 and 10 pm groups, respectively.

Conclusions:

Late afternoon administration of plerixafor provides efficient stem cell mobilization.
Topological configuration and optimization in underwater acoustic sensor networks: A survey
Authors: He Ming , Chen Qiuli , Dai Fei , Zheng Xiang
Published: August 2018

Marine environmental monitoring, marine resource development, and maritime rights and interests protection had put great demands on underwater acoustic sensor networks. At the same time, it was found that the configuration and optimization of the underwater acoustic sensor network had important influence on the network performance and service quality in the uncertain marine environment. According to the characteristics of dynamic evolution of network topology and combining with different practical application scenarios, this article studied and discussed the model description, configuration mechanism, and optimization strategy of underwater acoustic sensor network. First, the classical underwater acoustic sensor network models were divided and discussed from three aspects: dimension, sensor types, and dynamic and static states. The characteristics of the six models are compared and analyzed. Second, according to the characteristics of six different models, the configuration mechanism and optimization strategy are discussed and classified. The configuration mechanism of models was studied from the aspects about determinism, self-adaptation, and group intelligence. The optimization strategy of models was discussed from the aspects about coverage, connectivity, energy consumption, time delay, data quality, and so on, and the relations and differences between different methods were compared and analyzed. Finally, the five future researches direction were expected, in order to provide a clear idea for further research in this field.
Impact of Squeezing Condition to Obtain Sufficient Blood Volume for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Using an Automatic Puncturing and Sampling System
Authors: Abe-Doi Mari , Oe Makoto , Murayama Ryoko , Zushi Yasunobu , Tanabe Hidenori , Sanada Hiromi
Published: August 2018

Blood sampling for self-monitoring of blood glucose is difficult for the elderly with low dexterity. We developed and tested the utility of an automatic puncturing and sampling (APS) system as a part of an automatic SMBG device, but success rates of securing sufficient blood volume was low (61.9%). Thus, the squeezing condition was changed to increase its success rate. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact to the amount of bleeding by making changes to the squeezing condition. In our previous experiment, blood sampling was performed simultaneously with squeezing, whereas the present study tested blood sampling after squeezing. This method increased the success rate (75%) among eight subjects who had a low success rate (25%) in the previous experiment using the APS system.
Computation of dry-rock VP/VS ratio, fluid property factor, and density estimation from amplitude-variation-with-offset inversion
Authors: Chen Gang , Wang Xiaojun , Wu Baocheng , Qi Hongyan , Xia Muming
Published: August 2018

Estimating the fluid property factor and density from amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) inversion is important for fluid identification and reservoir characterization. The fluid property factor can distinguish pore fluid in the reservoir and the density estimate aids in evaluating reservoir characteristics. However, if the scaling factor of the fluid property factor (the dry-rock [Formula: see text] ratio) is chosen inappropriately, the fluid property factor is not only related to the pore fluid, but it also contains a contribution from the rock skeleton. On the other hand, even if the angle gathers include large angles (offsets), a three-parameter AVO inversion struggles to estimate an accurate density term without additional constraints. Thus, we have developed an equation to compute the dry-rock [Formula: see text] ratio using only the P- and S-wave velocities and density of the saturated rock from well-logging data. This decouples the fluid property factor from lithology. We also developed a new inversion method to estimate the fluid property factor and density parameters, which takes full advantage of the high stability of a two-parameter AVO inversion. By testing on a portion of the Marmousi 2 model, we find that the fluid property factor calculated by the dry-rock [Formula: see text] ratio obtained by our method relates to the pore-fluid property. Simultaneously, we test the AVO inversion method for estimating the fluid property factor and density parameters on synthetic data and analyze the feasibility and stability of the inversion. A field-data example indicates that the fluid property factor obtained by our method distinguishes the oil-charged sand channels and the water-wet sand channel from the well logs.
Introduction to this special section: Cross-disciplinary applications of geophysics
Authors: Spikes Kyle , Li Yongyi
Published: August 2018

As the volume of seismic and other data types continues to increase, the use of such data sets has extended to different approaches and techniques of data integration and interpretation. The intent of this special section on cross-disciplinary applications of geophysics is to highlight such uses of multiple data types. Although not limited to any type or location of a given reservoir, the two articles in this section primarily focus on onshore unconventional reservoirs. Nonetheless, the techniques and approaches will also be of interest to readers and practitioners who deal with conventional reservoirs, both onshore and offshore.
Full Spectrum
Authors: Capello Maria A. , Schneider Blair , Ardakani Ellie P.
Published: August 2018

SEG has propelled geophysics as a pure and applied science through decades of efforts to facilitate successful networking and collaboration among professionals in all segments of geophysics, but particularly in oil and gas. Through best-in-class programs, committees, technical events focused on specific topics, an array of publications that include The Leading Edge and Geophysics, online-learning resources, and activities for students, our Society has pioneered the positioning of geophysics as a primordial pillar in the exploration for energy resources. SEG has also been fundamental in envisioning integration strategies grounded on geophysical methods for the optimization of exploitation schemes and pivotal in highlighting new developments and technologies in applied geophysics. The progress of geophysics owes much to the collaborative efforts and networks created by SEG connecting the top geophysicists in the energy sector.
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block With Ilioinguinal–Iliohypogastric Nerve a Viable Alternative to Provide Surgical Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Case Report
Authors: Hayaran Nitin , Malhotra Rohit , Tyagi Swati , Jain Aruna
Published: August 2018

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is one of the most common causes of fulminant hepatic failure. A 28-year-old G3P1L1A1 presented at 37 weeks with diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy with grade 3 hepatic encephalopathy. Laboratory findings were suggestive of coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis, and liver and renal dysfunction. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block with ilioinguinal–iliohypogastric nerve block is widely used for postoperative analgesia. We applied these blocks, supplemented with intravenous ketamine for breakthrough visceral pain, to conduct cesarean delivery with a favorable outcome. Thus, transversus abdominis plane with ilioinguinal–iliohypogastric is a viable alternative in patients where general and neuraxial anesthesia is unsafe.
Novel Rescue Strategy for Endotracheal Intubation Through Severe Subglottic Stenosis by Using a Metal Suction Tube as a Tube Stylet in a Neonate: A Case Report
Authors: Tong Yiru , Wang Guoqing , Wei Rong , Li Xiaoyan , Liu Henry
Published: August 2018

We report a novel technique for the management of subglottic stenosis in a neonate. The initial endotracheal intubation did not provide adequate mechanical ventilation due to a significant air leak. We then performed suspension laryngoscopy and used a metal suction tube as an intubating stylet. We successfully inserted an endotracheal tube deep enough to maintain adequate mechanical ventilation. This technique is a viable rescue strategy in this clinical scenario.
Acoustic communication in marine shallow waters: testing the acoustic adaptive hypothesis in sand gobies
Authors: Amorim M. C. P. , Vasconcelos R. O. , Bolgan M. , Pedroso S. S. , Fonseca P. J.
Published: August 2018

Acoustic communication is an important part of social behaviour of fish species that live or breed in shallow noisy waters. Previous studies have shown that some fish species exploit a quiet window in the background noise for communication. However, it remains to be examined if hearing abilities and sound production of fish are adapted to marine habitats presenting high hydrodynamism. Here we investigated whether the communication system of the painted (Pomatoschistus pictus) and the marbled (P. marmoratus) gobies is adapted to enhance sound transmission and reception in Atlantic shallow water environments. We recorded and measured the sound pressure levels of social vocalizations of both species, as well as snapshots of ambient noise of habitats characterised by different hydrodynamism. Hearing thresholds (in terms of both sound pressure and particle acceleration) and responses to conspecific signals were determined using the Auditory Evoked Potential recording technique. We found that the peak frequency range (100-300 Hz) of acoustic signals matched the best hearing sensitivity in both species and appeared well adapted for short-range communication in Atlantic habitats. Sandy/rocky exposed beaches presented a quiet window, observable even during the breaking of moderate waves, coincident with the main sound frequencies and best hearing sensitivities of both species. Our data demonstrates that the hearing abilities of these gobies are well suited to detect conspecific sounds within typical interacting distances (few body-lengths) in Atlantic shallow waters. These findings lend support to the acoustic adaptive hypothesis, under the sensory drive framework, proposing that signals and perception systems coevolve to be effective within local environment constraints.