bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-cultural and economic barriers, and facilitators influencing men’s involvement in antenatal care including HIV testing: A qualitative study from urban Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Sakala Doreen , Kumwenda Moses K. , Conserve Donaldson F. , Ebenso Bassey , Choko Augustine Talumba
Published: March 2020

BackgroundMale partner involvement in antenatal care (ANC) is associated with positive maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, only a handful of men attend ANC with their partners. This study aimed to understand the underlying barriers and facilitators influencing men’s ANC attendance including HIV testing in Blantyre, Malawi.MethodsData were collected during a formative qualitative study of a cluster-randomised trial. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) with 42 men and women and 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted at three primary health centres in urban Blantyre, Malawi. FGD participants were purposively sampled with IDI participants subsequently sampled after FGD participation. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe economic requirement to provide for their families exerted pressure on men and often negatively affected their decision to attend ANC together with their pregnant partners despite obvious benefits. Peer pressure and the fear to be seen by peers queueing for services at ANC, an environment traditionally viewed as a space for women and children made men feel treated as trespassers and with some level of hostility rendering them feeling emasculated when they attend ANC. Health system problems associated with overall organization of the ANC services, which favours women created resistance among men to be involved. An association between ANC and HIV testing services discouraged men from attending ANC because of their fear of testing HIV-positive in the presence of their partners. The availability of a male friendly clinic offering a private, quick, supportive/sensitive and flexible service was considered to be an important incentive that would facilitate male men’s ANC attendance. Men described compensation to cover transport and opportunity cost for attending the clinic as a motivator to attending ANC services and accepting an HIV test. ConclusionPeer and economic influences were the most influential barriers of men attending ANC and testing for HIV with their pregnant partners. Addressing these socio-economic barriers and having a male friendly clinic are promising interventions to promote male ANC attendance in this setting.
Locally implemented prevention programs may reverse weight trajectories in half of children with overweight/obesity amid low child-staff ratios: Results from a four-year prospective study in France
Authors: Constant Aymery , Boulic Gaëlle , Lommez Agnes , Chaillou Raphaëlle , Guy-Grand Bernard , Raffin Sandrine
Published: March 2020

Background The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess 4-year changes in the weight status of children between school-based prevention programs locally implemented in French municipalities with the same organizational support, and focused on experiential learning interventions promoting healthy eating and physical activity. Methods Using a body mass index chart established by the International Obesity Task Force, school nurses assessed first-grade children for weight status (normal, overweight, obesity) several weeks before the launch of each program in 2011, and 4 years later, together with the BMI z-score measuring overweight/obesity severity. Child-staff ratios (CSRs) by occupation (canteen seervice/extracurriculars) and training session (healthy eating/physical activity) were computed in each municipality. Results During the 4-year follow-up period, weight status improved in half of the children with overweight/obesity, and worsened in 6.6% of children with over/normal weight. In children who remained overweight, the BMI z-score diminished over time. Estimates of the positive 4-year weight change increased with age and were significantly higher in low-to-moderate CSR multicomponent programs ( City3 and City4 ) compared to moderate CSR single-intervention programs (reference: City1 ). The high-to-moderate CSR multicomponent program ( City2 ) had a similar effect as the reference. The estimated negative weight change decreased with age. Conclusions Training ancillary school staff to experiential-focused interventions for healthy eating and physical activity in locally implemented school-based programs contributed positively to preventing childhood obesity without interfering with educational activities. However, low CSRs seem to be pivotal for optimal outcomes, especially in schools in deprived areas.
Noninfectious mixed cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Flavell Adam , Fullinfaw Robert , Smith Edward R , Holt Steve , Finlay Moira , Barbour Thomas
Published: March 2020

Background

Cryoglobulins are cold-precipitable immunoglobulins that may be found in association with systemic vasculitis including cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Type 1 cryoglobulins consist of isolated monoclonal immunoglobulin (mIg), whereas mixed cryoglobulins are typically immune complexes comprising either monoclonal (type 2) or polyclonal (type 3) Ig with rheumatoid activity against polyclonal IgG. Only CGN related to type 1 cryoglobulins has been clearly associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) using the conventional serum-, urine- or tissue-based methods of paraprotein detection.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed our patient cohort of CGN related to mixed (type 2 or 3) cryoglobulins for those with a monoclonal band on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), with exclusion of infectious cases and those involving malignant clonal plasma cell or B cell disorders.

Results

We identified four patients with a median age of 54 years, including three women. Two patients had type 2 cryoglobulinaemia, one had type 3 cryoglobulinaemia, and one lacked definitive typing of the serum cryoprecipitate. The serum monoclonal band identified on SPEP was IgM-κ in all four cases. Treatments included corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, plasma exchange, and rituximab. At median 3.5 years’ follow-up, no patient had developed a haematological malignancy or advanced chronic kidney disease. Other potential causes of mixed cryoglobulinaemia were also present in our cohort, notably primary Sjögren’s syndrome in three cases.

Conclusions

Our study raises questions regarding the attribution of causation to MGUS, and the role of clonally directed therapies outside the setting of haematological malignancy.
Contemporary pressures on school-based research: A cautionary tale for school leaders
Authors: Smith Megan , Thrupp Martin , Barrett Patrick
Published: March 2020

School-based research has historically played an important role within the education system contributing to our understanding of the organisation and practice of formal education. Supported by relevant literature, this article reports on current challenges in conducting school-based research in Aotearoa New Zealand as experienced by one researcher. It suggests that conducting school-based research is becoming increasingly difficult, with possible explanations for this being the divergent workflows of researcher and school-based participant(s), the volume of demands on teachers and schools, and restricted roles for teachers and parents, which increase the risk of research fatigue. The article argues that although school-based research is rarely an immediate priority for school leaders, it is imperative that they support it if they want to be informed by its insights for policy and practice.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA: O QUE DIZEM AS PESQUISAS?
Authors: Altino Filho Humberto Vinício , Nunes Célia Maria Fernandes , Ferreira Ana Cristina
Published: March 2020

As metodologias ativas de aprendizagem estão em evidência nos debates educacionais. Tais metodologias tem por finalidade o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências necessárias na sociedade contemporânea, pautando-se no protagonismo do aluno no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Nesse artigo, apresenta-se uma análise da produção brasileira sobre a utilização de metodologias ativas no ensino de matemática, a partir da consulta ao banco de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). A análise das pesquisas aponta para a utilização de propostas de inserção de métodos ativos para a sala de aula de Matemática no geral, apresentando aplicações da Team Based Learning, do Just-in-Time-Teaching e da Peer Instruction, por exemplo.
Prediction of flow-control devices' noise with modified acoustic perturbation equations
Authors: Fenini Luca , Malavasi Stefano
Published: March 2020

Fluid-dynamic noise emissions produced by flow-control devices inside ducts are a concerning issue for valve manufacturers and pipeline management. This work proposes a modified formulation of Acoustic Perturbation Equations (APE) that is applicable to industrial frameworks where the interest is addressed to noise prediction according to international standards. This formulation is derived from a literature APE system removing two terms allowing for a computational time reduction of about 20%. The physical contribution of the removed terms is discussed according to the literature. The modified APE are applied to the prediction of the noise emitted by an orifice. The reliability of the new APE system is evaluated by comparing the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) and the acoustic pressure with the ones returned by LES and literature APE. The new formulation agrees with the other methods far from the orifice: moving over nine diameters downstream of the trailing edge, the SPL is in accordance with the other models. Since international standards characterize control devices with the noise measured 1 m downstream of them, the modified APE formulation provides reliable and faster noise prediction for those devices with outlet diameter, d, such that 9d < 1 m.
Drinking water quality and consumer perceptions at the point-of-use in San Rafael Las Flores, Guatemala
Authors: Marcillo C. E. , García Prado G. , Copeland N. , Krometis L. H.
Published: March 2020

Limited information is available describing point-of-use (POU) water quality in rural Guatemala. Source water quality in eastern Guatemala is of concern given underlying volcanic geology that can leach arsenic and the presence of large-scale mining, which can potentially exacerbate exposure. On-premise piped POU water in the rural community of San Rafael las Flores was sampled in 31 households to characterize a suite of metallic ions and E. coli, along with a survey of water uses and perceptions. Samples were analyzed via standard laboratory methods in the United States and an arsenic quick kit in the field. Fourteen household samples contained arsenic >9 μg/L and 13% of households exceeded at least one Guatemalan and US health-based water quality standard. Survey results revealed widespread dissatisfaction with water quality and service: most participants did not drink their POU water, fearing illness, and instead purchased bottled water or collected from untreated springs. Ideally, establishment of baseline water quality and an understanding of local concerns will facilitate collaborative partnerships and interventions that build community trust in appropriate water infrastructure while identifying surrounding land use impacts. This work represents the first Guatemalan study that quantifies POU contamination while concurrently examining user perceptions, preferences, and concerns.
Saúde mental, estigma e experiência de enfrentamento do sofrimento: a terapia comunitária em uma comunidade do Recife
Authors: Nascimento Álvaro Botelho de Melo , Fontes Breno Augusto Souto Maior
Published: March 2020

Introdução: Este estudo analisou as relações estabelecidas entre pessoas com um transtorno psíquico, a partir de sua participação em um espaço terapêutico particular: a terapia comunitária. Objetivo: Nosso propósito foi compreender como essas relações permitem aos atores envolvidos fortalecer seus antigos laços afetivos, construir novos laços e enfrentar os infortúnios que acompanham seu transtorno, especialmente o estigma. Métodos: Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados através de entrevistas e de um diário de campo, fruto de visitas às rodas de terapia comunitária. A análise foi qualitativa, especificamente uma análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A análise produziu um quadro temático que apontou o esforço de enfrentamento ao sofrimento e ao estigma por meio dos seguintes aspectos: a equalização do status social, a aproximação e participação. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a terapia é um espaço de conforto e desconstrução da imagem de louco entre os seus participantes, que propicia a oportunidade de viver um florescimento da sociabilidade de determinada maneira e transforma os atores envolvidos, afastando-os de emoções negativas e propiciando motivação, autoestima e bem-estar sem, contudo, impactar de maneira mais profunda sua relação com a comunidade da qual fazem parte.
Perfil de absenteísmo às consultas eletivas de subespecialidades pediátricas de um hospital universitário
Authors: Jonathan Grassi Rodrigues  , Joana Olympia de Souza Stein  , Alan Torres Nunes  , Karla Anacleto Vasconcelos  , Eliana Zandonade  , Carolina Fiorin Anhoque
Published: March 2020

Introdução: Entende-se que identificar o perfil do usuário faltoso nas consultas de especialidades facilitará o desenvolvimento de ações e estratégias que priorizem a organização do processo e o desempenho da regulação assistencial. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil de absenteísmo às consultas eletivas de subespecialidades pediátricas. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo realizado por meio de dados secundários. Foram utilizadas as variáveis município, gênero, horário da consulta, turno da consulta, especialidade, intervalo entre agendamento e atendimento e situação final. Foi empregado teste Qui-quadrado para verificar se há associação entre as variáveis do estudo e Odds Ratio para definir a probabilidade de o usuário faltar ao atendimento. Resultados: O hospital apresentou taxa de 25% de absenteísmo às consultas eletivas de subespecialidade da pediatria no turno da manhã, de usuários da região metropolitana de Vitória, com intervalo entre agendamento e consulta maior que 15 dias e com piora em interstício maior que 60 dias (p-valor < 0,001 e OR = 1,76). Conclusão: Manifesta-se a necessidade de refletirmos e entendermos que o absenteísmo é um conjunto de variáveis relacionadas ao usuário, ao prestador de serviço e a todo o fluxo da rede.
Resumos de monografias dos cursos de especialização
Authors: Curso de Dentística Restauradora Departamento de Prótede Dentária/CBM
Published: March 2020

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Editorial
Authors: . Corpo Editorial
Published: March 2020

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Levantamento das condições de saúde bucal de escolares de sete a doze anos de idade, em Catalão, Goiás, ano 2001, com base na metodologia da OMS
Authors: Bastos José Roberto de Magalhães , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Olympio Kelly Plido Kaneshiro , Silva Patrícia de Almeida , Bardal Priscila Ariede Petinuci , Cardoso Vanessa Eid da Silva
Published: March 2020

Epidemiologia; Saúde escolar; Levantamentos se saúde bucal; Diagnóstico bucal; Cárie dentária.
Protetores bucais: uma visão de odontopediatras do Estado do Espírito Santo - Brasil
Authors: Pandolfi Margareth , Campos Fabíola Santos de , Torres Luciene Toledo Pereira , Souza Virgínia Mônica Teixeira de
Published: March 2020

Protetor bucal; Traumatismo dentário; Traumatismo em atletas.
Líquen plano bolhoso oral: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Ribeiro-da-Silva Carlos Eduardo Xavier dos Santos , Cerri Artur , Pacca Francisco Octávio Teixeira , Cerri Rodrigo Alarcon
Published: March 2020

Líquen plano; Líquen plano bucal; Auto-imunidade.
Pivotal Role of the Interaction Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota on Disease Treatment
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Wang Zhe , Liu Zhilong , Xu Youhua
Published: March 2020

With the recognition of the important role of gut microbiota in both health and disease progression, attempts to modulate its composition, as well as its co-metabolism with the organism, have attracted special attention. Abundant studies have demonstrated that dysfunction or imbalance of gut microbiota is closely related to disease progression, including endocrine diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Herbal medicines have been applied to prevent and treat diseases worldwide for hundreds of years. Although the underlying mechanism seems to be complex, one of the important ones is through modulating gut microbiota. In this review, co-metabolism between herbal medicines and microbiota, as well as the potential pathways are summarized from most recent published papers.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Insight on Sesamol: An Updated Review
Authors: Singh Namrata , Kushwaha Poonam , Gupta Amresh , Prakash Om , Swarup Shivam , Usmani Shazia
Published: March 2020

Background:

Nowadays, sesamol has emerged as an effective adjuvant therapeutic
agent in the anticipation and therapy of various diseases. Sesamol, a natural phenolic compound is
a major lignan isolated from the seeds of Sesamum indicum and sesame oil. Sesame oil is well
known for its nutritional as well as their health-promoting properties.

Methods:

Several studies revealed that sesamol possesses significant antifungal, anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, and free radical scavenging, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiaging,
hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activity, etc.

Results:

The present review highlights the potential of sesamol as a novel medicinal agent for the
treatment of numerous types of ailment.

Conclusion:

This review article also provides a brief idea about its uses, ethnomedicinally and
commercially important analytical techniques, and its pharmacological activities.
Melatonin a Promising Candidate for DNA Double-Stranded Breaks Reduction in Patients Undergoing Abdomen-Pelvis Computed Tomography Examinations
Authors: Eskandari Ali , Mahmoudzadeh Aziz , Shirazi Alireza , Esmaely Farid , Carnovale Carla , Cheki Mohsen
Published: March 2020

Background and Objective:

Cancer incidence is 24% higher in children and young adults exposed to
Computed Tomography (CT) scans than those unexposed. Non-repairing of ionizing radiation-induced DNA
Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) can initiate carcinogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the
radioprotective potential of melatonin against DSBs in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients undergoing
abdomen-pelvis CT examinations.

Methods:

This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on thirty patients. These patients
were divided into two groups; group one (control) patients who have undergone the CT examination received a
single oral dose of placebo, while in group two, patients received a single oral dose of 100mg melatonin. In both
the groups, blood samples were collected 5-10min before and 30 minutes after the CT examination. The
lymphocytes from these samples were isolated and DSBs were analyzed using γH2AX immunofluorescence
microscopy.

Results:

Compared to the control group, the use of melatonin 1h before the CT examination caused a significant
reduction in γH2AX-foci, indicating a reduction in DSBs. In addition, no side effect was observed in patients
following 100mg melatonin administration.

Conclusion:

For the first time, this study has shown that melatonin has protective effects against radiationinduced
genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients undergoing abdomen-pelvis CT examinations.
Therefore, melatonin can be considered as a promising candidate for reducing DSBs in patients undergoing
abdomen-pelvis CT examinations.
A Multiview Model for Detecting the Inappropriate Use of Prescription Medication: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Zhuo Lin , Cheng Yinchu , Liu Shaoqin , Yang Yu , Tang Shuang , Zhen Jiancun , Zhao Junfeng , Zhan Siyan
Published: March 2020

Background

The inappropriate use of prescription medication has recently garnered worldwide attention, but most national policies do not effectively provide for early detection or timely intervention.

Objective

This study aimed to develop and assess the validity of a model that can detect the inappropriate use of prescription medication. This effort combines a multiview and topic matching method. The study also assessed the validity of this approach.

Methods

A multiview extension of the latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm for topic modeling was chosen to generate diagnosis-medication topics, with data obtained from the Chinese Monitoring Network for Rational Use of Drugs (CMNRUD) database. Topic mapping allowed for calculating the degree to which diagnoses and medications were similarly distributed and, by setting a threshold, for identifying prescription misuse. The Beijing Regional Prescription Review Database (BRPRD) database was used as the gold standard to assess the model’s validity. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis using random samples of validated prescriptions and evaluated the model’s performance.

Results

A total of 44 million prescriptions were used to generate topics using the diagnoses and medications from the CMNRUD database. A random sample (15,000 prescriptions) from the BRPRD was used for validation, and it was found that the model had a sensitivity of 81.8%, specificity of 47.4%, positive-predictive value of 14.5%, and negative-predictive value of 96.0%. The model showed superior stability under different sampling proportions.

Conclusions

A method that combines multiview topic modeling and topic matching can detect the inappropriate use of prescription medication. This model, which has mediocre specificity and moderate sensitivity, can be used as a primary screening tool and will likely complement and improve the process of manually reviewing prescriptions.
Comparison of a Collective Intelligence Tailored Messaging System on Smoking Cessation Between African American and White People Who Smoke: Quasi-Experimental Design
Authors: Faro Jamie M , Nagawa Catherine S , Allison Jeroan A , Lemon Stephenie C , Mazor Kathleen M , Houston Thomas K , Sadasivam Rajani S
Published: March 2020

Background

The Patient Experience Recommender System for Persuasive Communication Tailoring (PERSPeCT) is a machine learning recommender system with a database of messages to motivate smoking cessation. PERSPeCT uses the collective intelligence of users (ie, preferences and feedback) and demographic and smoking profiles to select motivating messages. PERSPeCT may be more beneficial for tailoring content to minority groups influenced by complex, personally relevant factors.

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the use of PERSPeCT in African American people who smoke compared with white people who smoke.

Methods

Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared African American people who smoke with a historical cohort of white people who smoke, who both received up to 30 emailed tailored messages over 65 days. People who smoke rated the daily message in terms of perceived influence on quitting smoking for 30 days. Our primary analysis compared daily message ratings between the two groups using a t test. We used a logistic model to compare 30-day cessation between the two groups and adjusted for covariates.

Results

The study included 119 people who smoke (African Americans, 55/119; whites, 64/119). At baseline, African American people who smoke were significantly more likely to report allowing smoking in the home (P=.002); all other characteristics were not significantly different between groups. Daily mean ratings were higher for African American than white people who smoke on 26 of the 30 days (P<.001). Odds of quitting as measured by 30-day cessation were significantly higher for African Americans (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI 1.04-5.53; P=.03) and did not change after adjusting for allowing smoking at home.

Conclusions

Our study highlighted the potential of using a recommender system to personalize for African American people who smoke.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02200432; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02200432

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/jmir.6465
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF FRACTIONS FROM STAR FRUIT LEAVES (AVERRHOA CARAMBOLA L.) FROM THREE REGIONS IN WEST JAVA
Authors: DHANIRA ANNISA , ELYA BERNA , BASAH KATRIN
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Previous in vitro research showed that ethyl acetate fractions of star fruit leaves exhibit strong antioxidant activities toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (IC50 = 90 μg/ml). This study’s aim was to evaluate antioxidant activity of fractions from leaf extracts from star fruitsourced from three different regions in Indonesia (Depok, Sukabumi, and Subang) and, for the most active fraction (that with the highest antioxidantactivity), determine whether there was any correlation with phenolic and flavonoid content.Methods: Liquid–liquid partitioning, fractions were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducingability of plasma (FRAP) assay.Results: The ethyl acetate fraction from the Subang region exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity with both the DPPH assay (IC50 = 96 μg/ml)and the FRAP assay (FeEAC value = 1405 μmol/g).Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fractions from star fruit leaves could be used as natural antioxidants. No correlation was found between antioxidant activityand phenolic or flavonoid content.
DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PRASMAN LEAF EXTRACTS (AYAPANA TRIPLINERVIS [VAHL]) AND THE TOTAL FLAVONOID AND PHENOL CONTENTS OF THE MOST ACTIVE EXTRACTS
Authors: YUNITRIANTI  , ELYA BERNA , NOVIANI ARIKADIA
Published: March 2020

Objective: Prasman (Ayapana triplinervis [Vahl]) is a plant that can eliminate free radicals through its antioxidant effects. However, little research hasbeen conducted to explore the antioxidant activity of the plant.Methods: A. triplinervis (Vahl) leaves, which were determined by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Bogor, were used in this study. Meanwhile,extraction was performed using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as the solvents. Based on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay usinga UV–visible spectrophotometer and based on ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay using a microplate reader.Results: Based on the DPPH assay using a UV–visible spectrophotometer, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts with a final concentrationof 25 μg/mL inhibited DPPH radical production by 38.91, 51.03, and 54.06%, respectively. Using the percent inhibition, the IC50 for the ethyl acetateand methanol extracts were 28.71 and 23.472 μg/mL, respectively. Based on FRAP assay using a microplate reader, the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, andmethanol extracts had ferrous equivalent antioxidant capacity values of 460, 828.99, and 940.22 μmol/g, respectively. The methanol extract had thegreatest antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts at the initial concentrations contained total phenol levels of 12.06 and 42.11 mgGAE/g extract, respectively, as well as total flavonoid levels of 3.24 and 3.41 mg QE/g extract, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the determination of phenol and flavonoid levels, the methanol extract had the greatest antioxidant effects.
EFFECT OF TRANSFERSOME ON THE STABILITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GLUTATHIONE IN ANTIAGING CREAMS
Authors: HARMITA HARMITA , ISKANDARSYAH  , MURTI FRIAINI ZAHRA
Published: March 2020

Objective: Glutathione is an important antioxidant compound that is added to various cosmetic preparations. This study compared the stability,antioxidant activity, and penetration of glutathione creams formulated with and without transfersome, a commonly used carrier system.Methods: The particle size of the transfersome was 55.65 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.398 and an entrapment efficiency of 66.22%. Duringcycling and centrifugal testing, the creams (with and without transfersome) did not change color or demonstrate phase separation. Chemical stabilityanalyses of the products were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: The remaining glutathione content in the transfersome cream was 83.44%, while that of the non-transfersome cream was 47.92%. In thepenetration test using Franz diffusion cells, the transfersome cream demonstrated a cumulative penetration of 4474.44 μg/cm2, with a cumulativeconcentration percentage of 39.60% and a flux of 510.38 μg/cm−2h−1. In contrast, the non-transfersome cream demonstrated a cumulative penetrationamount of 2793.80 μg/cm2, with a cumulative concentration percentage of 24.73% and a flux of 340.12 μg/cm−2h−1. In addition, the IC50 value of thetransfersome cream preparation was 11.89 μg/mL, while that of the non-transfersome preparation was 15.57 μg/mL.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the use of transfersome increases the stability and penetration of glutathione in cream preparations.
EFFECT OF TRANSFERSOME FORMULATION ON THE STABILITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE IN ANTI-AGING CREAM
Authors: HARMITA HARMITA , ISKANDARSYAH ISKANDARSYAH , AFIFAH SHOFIYAH FATIN
Published: March 2020

Objective: N-acetylcysteine is an antioxidant with thiol/sulfhydryl groups and is currently being developed as an active ingredient in anti-agingcreams. The study’s aim was to compare the stability and antioxidant activity of N-acetylcysteine in anti-aging creams formulated with and withouta transfersome carrier system.Methods: Stability was assessed by performing cycling, centrifugal, and accelerated stability tests. In addition, antioxidant activity was measuredby the DPPH method, and in vitro penetration was measured using Franz diffusion cells. The analysis of N-acetylcysteine was performed using highperformanceliquid chromatography with ultraviolet–visible detection at a wavelength of 214 nm and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, injection volume of5 μL, and a mobile phase of phosphate buffer pH 3.0.Results: The N-acetylcysteine transfersome and non-transfersome cream preparations did not change color or show phase separation during thecycling and centrifugal tests. The N-acetylcysteine in the transfersome and non-transfersome cream preparations had strong antioxidant activity,with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 26.90 μg/mL and 38.63 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro penetration test using Franz diffusion cellsshowed that the cumulative amount of penetrated N-acetylcysteine was 7355.13 μg/cm2 (flux of 845.67 μg/cm2∙h) in the transfersome cream and4677.61 μg/cm2 (flux of 533.33 μg/cm2∙h) in the non-transfersome cream.Conclusion: The in vitro penetration test results showed that the transfersome formulations in creams were able to increase the cumulative amountand flux of penetrated N-acetylcysteine in anti-aging cream preparations relative to those not formulated with transfersome.
STABILITY STUDY OF ETHYLCELLULOSE COATED-TOCOTRIENOL MICROCAPSULES PREPARED BY SOLVENT EVAPORATION AND SPRAY DRYING TECHNIQUES
Authors: SURINI SILVIA , KHOTIMA NADIA HUSNUL
Published: March 2020

Objective: Tocotrienol is a natural Vitamin E compound with greater antioxidant activity than tocopherol. However, tocotrienol is considered unstable,which limits its handling and use in various product formulations. In this study, to enhance the stability of tocotrienol, tocotrienol oil was convertedinto a powder through a microencapsulation method using ethylcellulose (EC) as the coating material.Methods: Tocotrienol microcapsules were formulated with EC in ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 by solvent evaporation (SE) and spray drying techniques.The obtained microcapsules were then characterized in terms of shape and morphology, particle size, entrapment efficiency, percentage yield,flow properties, water content, swelling, and drug release. In addition, stability studies at both room temperature and elevated temperatures wereperformed.Results: Our results demonstrated that the tocotrienol microcapsules were of a white-yellowish powder of irregular shape, with particle sizes between1 μm and 60 μm and entrapment efficiency of 21.60% and 99.75%. After 12 weeks of storage at room temperature, the remaining level of tocotrienolin the microcapsules was 96.46–97.74%. In the accelerated stability study at elevated temperatures, the resulting k25 values ranged from 1.02×10-5 to1.32×10-5/h. Thus, the predicted shelf-life (t90) of the microencapsulated tocotrienol was determined to be between 11.01 and 14.27 months.Conclusion: The microencapsulation of tocotrienol with EC using SE and spray drying techniques produced a solid form of tocotrienol that wasconsiderably more stable than the natural form of tocotrienol.
INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF SANGKETAN (ACHYRANTHES ASPERA L.) ROOT EXTRACTS ON ARGINASE ACTIVITY
Authors: RAHMAWATI DIEAH SITI , ELYA BERNA , NOVIANI ARIKADIA
Published: March 2020

Objective: Achyranthes aspera, commonly called Sangketan in Indonesian, is a wild plant used as traditional medicine. The roots of Sangketan can beused as a wound healer, which is attributed to the involvement of arginine and its metabolites, nitric oxide, which directly influence the wound healingprocess. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential of Sangketan root extracts to inhibit arginase activity.Methods: The roots were extracted using the multistage ultrasound-assisted extraction method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents.Each of the extract associated with the three solvents was tested for arginase inhibition activity using a microplate-based colorimetric method,followed by the determination of total phenolic compound and total flavonoid concentrations.Results: The results of the inhibition test of arginase activity based on n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extracts were 9.56, 17.58, and 29.77%,respectively, at concentrations of 100 μg/mL; the total phenolic compound concentrations were 3.91, 4.83, and 11.18 mg GAE/g of sample, respectively,and the total flavonoid concentrations were 0.29, 0.80, and 0.88 mg QE/g of sample, respectively.Conclusion: According to the results, Sangketan root extracts had low potency with regard to arginase inhibitory activity.
“De ces cartes on verra surgir les lois de la distribution des styles d’Architecture.” Cartografiar la historia de la arquitectura en el siglo XIX (I): Arcisse de Caumont y los mapas pasigráficos
Authors: Girón Sierra Javier
Published: March 2020

 

 La historia de la arquitectura fue tomando forma, amalgamando métodos y enfoques muy diversos a lo largo del siglo xix. En el proceso de su construcción, el dibujo jugó un papel capital, singularmente para hacerse cargo de dos dimensiones vitales: el tiempo y el espacio. Por un lado, los investigadores tuvieron que implementar estrategias gráficas para manejarse con “el tiempo histórico”–extraer de los edificios los elementos relevantes, exponerlos cronológicamente y hacer visibles sus transformaciones sucesivas–; por otro, necesitaban visualizar “el espacio histórico” –cartografiar la arquitectura del pasado de modo que, conocida su distribución, se pudiera indagar las causas de que cambios significativos surgieran en unos lugares con preferencia a otros, así como los vehículos de su diseminación–. 

Está por hacer la historia de estos mapas. El presente artículo –que se publica en dos partes– se propone señalar algunos de sus debates, ciñéndose a lo ocurrido en Francia. En la primera parte trataré del empeño de Arcisse de Caumont por dotar a los mapas históricos (cartes monumentales) de un sistema pasigráfico –contemporáneo de otras propuestas pasigráficas como la de Maimieux y Humboldt– y su posterior fortuna. En la segunda parte examinaré la aparición de la superposición de mapas temáticos como método para establecer la diferente incidencia de diversos factores (geológicos políticos o comerciales) en las dos grandes etapas de la arquitectura medieval, para lo cual prestaré especial atención a las aportaciones de Eugène Viollet-Le Duc y Augsute Choisy.
RESEÑAS DE LIBROS
Authors: PROCESO EN
Published: March 2020

(EN PROCESO)
Teoría de la arquitectura y poética de la imagen
Authors: De la O Rodrigo
Published: March 2020

La teoría de la arquitectura, en su sentido clásico, se pregunta qué es la arquitectura tratando de describir cómo se hace y cómo debe entenderse. Cada generación de arquitectos ha enfrentado estas cuestiones, sin solución de continuidad. En consecuencia, para una muestra que quería entender la naturaleza de la teoría de la arquitectura y escrutar su potencial más allá de las prácticas discursivas que hoy la involucran, resultaba inevitable mirar a la historia. En su ensayo para el último número de Assemblage, Joan Ockman afirmó: “No puede haber historia sin teoría. No puede haber teoría sin historia. La historia sin teoría es una cosa tras otra. La teoría sin historia es arrogancia.”
Elementos del mito sacralizado en el largometraje Andrea (2005) del cineasta dominicano Rogert Bencosme
Authors: Roa Ogando Gerardo A.
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo contiene un análisis de la película Andrea (2005) del cineasta dominicano Rogert Bencosme. La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los elementos mitológicos representados en el filme. El marco teórico se ciñe rigurosamente al concepto propuesto por el mitólogo rumano Mircea Eliade, en su libro Mito y Realidad (1991). La  metodología  cualitativa  aplicada  ha  sido  triangular,  compuesta  por  dos  grupos  controles  de  antropólogos,  sociólogos y estudiantes de cine. Los resultados muestran el  modo  en  que  los  elementos  mitológicos  observados  constituyen signos de desarrollo de la trama. Se concluye proponiendo el estudio del cine de terror como estrategia para  comprender  la  función  de  los  mitos  en  contextos  sociales y cinematográficos.
Território, ditadura e desenvolvimento: perspectivas históricas sobre os programas de regionalização no Brasil
Authors: Viegas Danielle Heberle
Published: March 2020

O artigo pretende agregar contribuições para os estudos sobre regionalização no Brasil com a apresentação de um panorama da institucionalização do programa nacional de desenvolvimento regional, no quadro delimitado pela ditadura civil-militar (1964-85). Para isso, são pormenorizados órgãos e instituições especializadas, publicações de experts, entre outras fontes documentais primárias inéditas. Como principal inferência, assume-se que o projeto nacional-desenvolvimentista, associado ao autoritarismo, encontrou nos projetos de regionalização o seu território de materialização por excelência. Esse traço pode ser observado na caracterização de regiões baseada unicamente em critérios econômicos, nos privilégios legislativos concedidos à instalação de fábricas fora das grandes capitais, em planos e projetos de remoção de bairros residenciais em prol de indústrias e, finalmente, na associação da ideia do conceito de regionalização ao de desenvolvimento
Maize Threshing and Separating Device for Primary Seed Production
Authors: Pastukhov A. G. , Bakharev D. N.
Published: March 2020

The development of domestic primary maize seed production requires the development of new threshing devices capable to minimize seed grains macro- and microdamage. (Research purpose) To justify the design and technological parameters of the axial-rotary threshing and separating device for varietal and hybrid maize with a device that ensures the cobs orientation in space before threshing and partial violation of their grain structure by friction during swirling by air flow. (Materials and methods) The authors used system analysis methods, ensuring the principle of flow in mechanized lines, building algorithms for the automated systems operation and designing agricultural machines. (Results and discussion) To minimize corn grain damage, the authors recommended the sequence of technological process operations of threshing with an axial-rotary threshing-separating device, into which the cobs were fed in a strictly oriented spatial position with a partially broken grain structure. They improved the orienting- dispensing loading device, presented in the form of a vortex orienting dispenser equipped with an automatic loading level control system. The authors established the design parameters of the vortex orienting batcher based on the experimental determination of the corn cobs mechanical and technological parameters. They proposed methods, equipment and devices for determining the angle of corn cobs repose. The authors calculated the dimensional parameters of the funnel window for the corn cob output and the metering vortex tube diameter. (Conclusions) The authors developed the design of a threshing-separating device with a device for orienting corn cobs in space before threshing and partial violation of their grain structure by friction during swirling by an air stream. They determined the funnel window optimal parameters at the bottom of the vortex orienting batcher: length – 0.378 meters, width – 0.122 meters, vortex tube diameter – at least 0.624 meters.
Methods for assessing the impact of technologies on the characteristics of promising products and achieving the goals of scientific and technological development (exemplified by the national aircraft industry)
Authors: Dutov A. V. , Klochkov V. V.
Published: March 2020

A methodological approach is proposed to assess the impact of new technologies on achieving the goals of scientific and technological development of the industry (for example, aircraft manufacturing). It assumes a hierarchical relationship between the characteristics of individual technologies, the characteristics of products (aircraft) and the integral characteristics of air transport systems. It is considered that at the stage of applied research and development not hypothetical but real objects are developed. The composition and relationships of the necessary complex of mathematical models are described.
Specialized tools to evaluate the potential of a R&D project team
Authors: Komarov A. V. , Sleptsova M. A. , Chechetkin E. V. , Komarov K. A.
Published: March 2020

The article describes specialized tools for assessing a team of executors of a scientific and technological project based on the information contained in the project documentation, developed within the framework of the methodology for assessing the readiness of an innovative scientific and technological project, and increasing the objectivity of expert evaluation of projects. These tools can be used to determine if a team is in line with a planned or ongoing project. The application of the proposed tools allows us to assess the risks of failure to achieve project results associated with various characteristics of the project team and formulate recommendations for the development of the project team aimed at reducing them. Specialized tools have been tested for projects of the federal target program «Research and development in priority areas of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014–2020».
Estimaton of technology readiness level of tender proposal in terms of methodology TPRL
Authors: Petrov A. N. , Komarov A. V.
Published: March 2020

The article describes a model for assessing the level of technological readiness of projects submitted to the competition for funding, built using the TPRL methodology. The model can be used along with other tools for evaluating competitive applications to increase the accuracy and objectivity of the expert evaluation of competitive projects. Based on the results obtained using the proposed model, ranked lists of participating projects can be compiled for the subsequent selection of winning projects. The developed model for assessing the level of technology development hasbeen tested for projects of the federal target program «Research and Development in Priority Directions for the Development of the Russian Scientific and Technological Complex for 2014-2020».
Non-invasive diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with CHC and obesity
Authors: Zhdanov K. V. , Yaremenko M. V. , Kozlov K. V. , Zhabrov S. S. , Sukachev V. S. , Lobzin D. Yu. , Shakhmanov D. M. , Laurenchuk D. V. , Karyakin S. S. , Saulevich A. V. , Potehin I. V , Plotnikov K. P.
Published: March 2020

The aimof the study was to assess the possibilities of noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis (FIB-4 and APRI indices) in patients with CHC and abdominal obesity.

Materials and methods.52 men with CHC were examined. Genotype 1 was determined in 24 patients, genotype 3 in 19 patients and genotype 2 in 9 patients. According to the severity of fibrosis, patients with CHC were divided: without fibrosis (F0) - 12 patients, with weak fibrosis (F1) - 17 patients, with moderate fibrosis (F2) - 10 patients, with severe fibrosis (F3) - 8 patients, cirrhosis of the liver (F4) was detected in 5 patients. According to a liver biopsy, steatosis was found in 18 patients with CHC. Abdominal obesity was found in 34 patients with CHC. Non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis was assessed using routine FIB-4 and APRI indices. The interval of values of FIB-4 and APRI, not related to the criteria for assessing the stage of fibrosis F3 and F4, we have conventionally designated as the «gray zone». The presence of insulin resistance was evaluated at HOMA-IR> 2.

Results. Key values of the FIB-4 index in patients with CHC and abdominal obesity were found significantly more often than when calculating the APRI index. Insulin resistance in patients with CHC and abdominal obesity was statistically significantly more frequent than in patients with CHC and without abdominal obesity. At stages F3-F4 in patients with CHC, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance, APRI values were recorded more often in the «gray zone»than FIB-4 values.

Conclusion.The FIB-4, APRI, HOMA-IR indices can be used in patients with CHC and abdominal obesity during the follow-up and dynamic monitoring of patients with CHC to highlight risk groups. FIB-4 was significantly more informative for determining the stage of fibrosis than APRI in patients with CHC and abdominal obesity with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR> 2).
Infectious agents as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Vorobyev S. V. , Shalepo K. V. , Spasibova E. V. , Savicheva A. M. , Grigor’ev A. N.
Published: March 2020

Cognitive disorders are one of the relevant problems of modern clinical medicine. This is due to both their high frequency of occurrence and significant negative impact, which has a violation of higher cortical functions on the quality of life of patients due to the deterioration of their social communication, as well as reducing the effectiveness of professional and household functions. The main cause of cognitive disorders is Alzheimer’s disease. At the same time, according to statistical studies, a significant increase in the incidence of the number of persons in the human population as a whole suffering from this pathology is predicted. At the heart of Alzheimer’s disease is a complex of pathobiochemical changes leading to synaptic dysfunction, accompanied by the development of atrophic changes in certain areas of the brain, against which a specific clinical picture is formed. The earliest and most important manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease is memory impairment for current events, which are subsequently joined by a number of other symptoms. The literature describes certain risk factors that contribute to the development of the disease, among which a certain place is occupied by infectious pathology. However, this aspect remains largely outside the traditional study of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. In the review the analysis of the results of modern studies confirm the possible involvement of infections in the development of dementia of Alzheimer’s type.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosisas a complication of severe influenza (case report)
Authors: Melekhina Yu. E. , Shadrivova O. V. , Frolova E. V. , Borzova Yu. V. , Shagdileeva E. V. , Bogomolova T. S. , Schurpitskaya O. A. , Klimko N. N.
Published: March 2020

During  last  years  the  frequency  of  invasive  pulmonary aspergillosis  (IPA)  in  immunocompetent  patients  has  increased. Clinical case report of successful treatment invasive aspergillosis  with  influenza  A(H1N1)  presented  in  the  article. We analyzed the special literature of patients with IPA following influenza infection. The timely identification and treatment of these patients are necessary.