bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De omstreden effectwerking van TV-verkiezingsuitzendingen op kiesattitude en kiesgedrag
Authors: De Bens Els
Published: July 2021

Most research reveals that television mainly confirms and re-inforces the existing party-preferences. Despite these findings, public opinion and especially politicians still believe in the direct effect of television on voter-decisions. Same researchers, among whom E. Noelle-Neumann, have given empirical evidence of strong influence of television on voter attitudes hut their findings have been widely contested.In recent years the topic is approached in a different way. The role of television in election campaigns was assessed in a broader context in combination with other social factors and attention was no langer focused on the short term effect. The very high exposure to election programmes on television raises questions of motivation and use : for information, for entertainment, or as by-product of the television attachment. These different motivations imply different uses and consequently different effects, presenting a dillemma for broadcasters and politicians who have to produce programmes for all types of viewers. Many authors claim however that both broadcasters (because of ratings) and politicians (because of the increasing number of floating voters) give in to the spectacular-entertainment side: more exciting debates, more shows, more uniformization of the political message. It should be stressed however, that television being the main source of political communication inelection periods, it can also re-open the issue of participation. Reinforcement of party-preference through television viewing can have a mobilizing effect, as latent party-preference can be turned into manifest voting behaviour.Finally the rules of the publicly controlled broadcasting institutions concerning election campaigns have undoubtedly had an institutional effect ; access and viewing-time are alloted according to the relative strength of political parties.
La composition des listes électorales aux Partis Socialistes
Authors: Ceuleers Jan
Published: July 2021

The splitting of the Belgian Socialist Party into two autonomous parties for Flanders and Wallonia in 1978 stressed the earlier observed trend to abandon the procedure of internal pre-elections for the purpose of composing the parliamentary candidate-lists.The technique of the so-called party-polls is welt respected in the French speaking socialist party (Wallonia), but almost completely abandoned in Flanders, where it has been replaced by arrondissemental congresses. Besides, members' participation in these polls, if organised, is rather low.
L'apparentement aux élections législatives : Théorie et pratique
Authors: Breny Henri
Published: July 2021

Belgian electoral law clearly and explicitly describes a procedure (known as «connecting») by which proportional representation is refined through (voluntary) grouping of lists from different districts of the same province. However, the actual practice of provincial electoral boards diverges from legal prescriptions to the extent that about 10 % of the seats at the House of Representatives are mis-occupied, though there is absolutely nothing that could impede a strict application of the law.
De besluitvorming inzake kernenergie in het Belgisch politiek bestel
Authors: Vanpol Ivo
Published: July 2021

The nuclear energy decision-making process is a clear example of the difficulty the Belgian political system has in making decisions. An explanation for this incapability has to be sought among the political elite, which allows the Belgian economy to be directed by special interests.This admission fits into an «elitist consensus», an unwritten agreement among top-political leaders. Threats to this elitist consensus are subtly neutralized, leaving the power of these economie groups unaffected.  The power of the private producers of electricity is to a large extent consolidated by the inertia of the political system. This passivity is instrumental in maintaining the elitist consensus. The power of the anti-nuclear groups, measured in its mobilizing effects, is relatively small. As producers of energy, the electricity companies have a privileged position in the Belgian economic  system, because energy is thought to be the motor of economic  growth. A thorough parliamentary debate on energy could change the elitist consensus but for this, a political majority would have to be found.
Inspraak in de gefusioneerde gemeenten
Authors: Wuyts Herman
Published: July 2021

Participation is more than «have a voice in the decision-making process. It is reached when this kind of consultation results in an effective influence upon the decision itself. Have a voice in the matter is, on theother hand, more than information that, in its turn, consists of two streams: one from the top to the bottom, and one from the bottom to the top.The loss of communal mandatories as a consequence of the amalgamation in 1976 has stressed the necessity of expanding this kind of political activity of the citizens.Comparison between a field research of 1975 and one of 1982 makes clear that there is an increase of information activity in the communes, mostly however of the kind that doesnot invite to active participation.There also is an increase of participation-councils but it is rather impossible to compare the effect of this kind of participatory activity with researchresults of the past.In comparison with other European countries there is found a large arrears in territorial decentralization and direct citizen decision-making.  For the future it is asked to write in the new communal law the obligation for communes to organize participation activities and to give the citizens a guarantee of participation.
De financiële politiek ten overstaan van de gefusioneerde gemeenten
Authors: Van Daele Gerrit
Published: July 2021

The credit policy of the«Communal Bank» is based on objective criteria in order to respect local autonomy. The financial results of the consolidation are difficult to determine. Several factors could have influenced the present state of municipal finances : the consolidation being done in a period of economic difficulties, the crisis of the public finances, the reform of the Municipal Fund, and the transformation of the Centers for Public Assistance into Public Centers for Social Welf are. The consolidations did not generale any savings, but it al,so did not cause an alarming increase of expenses. With respect to budget balancing, the amalgamated municipalities should do better than the non-amalgamated municipalities. To keep the increase of expenses low in comparison with the revenues, the municipalities had to make cuts in several sectors.As to the current fniancial situation in the three regions, the municipalities of the Brussels regon are in a very painful situation ; in Flanders, the number of municipalities with deficits is higher than in Wallonia, but the deficits in W allonia are bigger. To stop this negative evolution one must strive for balanced budgets and reshape them into reliable instruments.
L'expérience de Liège
Authors: Digneffe Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2021

The consolidation in Liège has gone well. All the groups of the municipal council were in agreement about this in December 1977. The services have been maintained and social activities have been developed and generalized for the benefit of the population. The officials of the amalgamated municipalities were able to find posts corresponding to their wishes. The complexity of the structure, however, remains a handicap.  Because of the technocratic conception and an egalitarian administration, the consolidation has put some restrictions on the newly formed entities. The spontaneous and natural human and social relations in the farmer small and medium-sized entities had to be  reconstructed by expensive means. But the new Liège exists, and it has the wilt to survive and to overcome its financial difficulties. It has engaged itself in the reconstruction of its administration with the intention of defending and developing itsrole as regional capital.
La fusion à Charleroi
Authors: Henry Emile
Published: July 2021

In the amalgamation of the agglomeration of Charleroi the attempt was made to achieve political representation of each sub-municipality both in the municipal council and on the municipal executive board. As regards service provision, the principle of decentralisation was honoured in order not to lose contact with the people. Administrative bodies to be newly established were necessarily decentralised because of infrastructural problems, which complicate the concentration. As far as personnel matters are concerned, the old staf! was kept in its familiar places. The administrative task expansion required more qualified personnel, a problem that was resolved to a large part by training of the existing personnel.Organisationally, the amalgamation required an expansion and implementation of a number of facilities to assure communication. Financially, the amalgamation was doomed to fail because of the non-adjustment of the Municipal Fund, the bad economic situation of the region, and the failure of the national authorities to live up to the obligations they had agreed upon.
Alternatieven en ervaringen met de integratie van bestuur in grootstedelijke gebieden
Authors: Van Laarhoven Johannes B.A.
Published: July 2021

The establishment of cooperative links on a voluntary basis did not seem to be adequate for the administration in large urban agglomerations.  These links are often lacking in actual administrative power, and they can be reduced to the sum of the municipal interests. Large-scale amalgamation of municipalities does not seem to be a solution when one considers the developments and prevailing attitudes in a few Western European countries.  Because of the lack of an integral framework, legally based agglomeration administrations have been created in a number of these countries.They are extra, often complicating administrative levels. The existing administrative levels can often suffice with a balanced redistribution of administrative tasks. Territorial adjustments must be based primarily on functional considerations, but must also be translated in terms of the other administrative levels. A functional redistribution of tasks is, therefore, a condition for a specific solution of the total administrative problem.
De monarchie in Nederland
Authors: Manning Adrian F.
Published: July 2021

An analysis of the functioning of the Dutch monarchy in the 20th century is hardly possible by lack of documents. For the study of the contacts between the Head of State and the Cabinet-ministers a scholar needs the documents from the Cabinet of the Queen and from the Royal Archives. The archives of the Cabinet of the Queen are now accessible up to the Second World War, but the Royal Archives are closed from 1898.Tbe Dutch people bas a sympathy for the dynasty (Orange-Nassau) and by that a deduced sympathy for the monarchy.Tbere was no real criticism on the functioning of the following queens Wilhelmina, Juliana and Beatrix. Tbe Heads of State accomodated themselves to the political and social developments. By that the monarchy lengthened its life.The formation of a new Cabinet is an essential task of the Queen. Wilhelmina (a rather authoritarian character) did not hide her personal views but respected carefully the constitutional framework and already in the beginning of this century she asked the consulted political leaders to confirm their advices by letter.  The possibility to play a role seems to be more limited since 1945.
Progress and its problems in the study of war
Authors: Geeraerst Gustaaf
Published: July 2021

Although the knowledge of war and international conflict has definitely increased, we do not as yet have much insight into why and how wars come about, and especially how war as a certain and comparably rare form of conflict regulation is connected to conflict behavior at lower levels of intensity as military disputes and international conflict behavior in general. Theoretical progress in the study of war demands a significant effort at the level of basic research. It is imperative to spend more energy at the rigorous deduction of testable propositions from general explanatory principles or mechanisms. For the success of such an endeavour it is essential to adopt both a dynamic and systems-theoretic perspective. This implies a vision of war as a certain and one of possible phases in the international political process, concurrently with other injuriousforms of interaction as serious disputes and low level conflict behavior, but also supportive behavior like trade and cooperation. Yet, if we are to analyze and understand the war phenomenon from this perspective, clearly more formalized approaches and techniques are imperative.
Het politiek gebeuren in de Europese Gemeenschap in 1990
Authors: Hooghe Liesbet
Published: July 2021

The democratic revolutions in Eastern Europe, the speedy unification process of the two Germanies, growing economic disarray in the Soviet Union and the Gulf War put great pressure on the European Community - and raised high expectations throughout 1990. The external challenges initially seemed to slow down the internal integration process. But by the end of 1990 the Twelve (including Britain after Mrs. Thatcher's resignation) committed themselves to further European political union (stronger institutions, common foreign and security policy, new competences) and European economic union culminating into a central bank and a common currency. The two intergovernmental constitutional conferences on EPU and EMU were installed on December 15. The execution of the internal market programme is on schedule with 70% of the directives adopted by late 1990, although the Commission expressed concern about timely transposition of the directives into national law. The EC's record on external relations is mixed : appreciation for its stepped-up cooperation with Eastern Europe, criticism for its tough stand on agriculture at the Gatt-conference, weak diplomatie performance during the Gulf War.
Belgians and security issues : a trend analysis (1970-1990)
Authors: Manigart Philippe , Marlier Eric
Published: July 2021

This article attempts to assess, in a quantitative way, how security/defense issues have been perceived in Belgium since the early 1970s among the mass public.  This period has been characterized by breathtaking changes in the political and military world environment. How have Belgians reacted to these changes ?  The empirical evidence is based on a secondary analysis of public opinion data from the Eurobarometer series.The picture that emerges from the trend analysis is mixed. On the one hand, orientations towards the peace movement and arms limitations are more positive than before. On the other hand, many other indicators point to an increase in pro-defense orientations. Belgians are also overwhelmingly favorable to the creation of a collective organization for defense.
Gestion publique et gestion privée des services publics : l'exemple de la restructuration des entreprises publiques économiques en Belgique
Authors: Quertainmont Philippe
Published: July 2021

The role of state services in a market economy has been lately at the care of an intellectual and political debate in Belgium as well as in most European countries. State companies as the Post Office, the Railways and the Telegraph Service have to face an ever more fierce competition and have to be efficient and profitable.The way to deal with privatisation bas however been much less clearcut in Belgium than in other countries such as the United Kingdom or France. A law bas been passed recently (on 21th March 1991) and the monopoly position of the Transport and Telecommunications state companies has been alleviated and their autonomy increased as a result. A distinction has been made between, on the one hand, the commercial activities for which they have to compete with the private sector and, on the other hand, the activities of public interest which are subject to certain limitations laid down in a management contract ( "contrat de gestion ") .
De sociale verkiezingen van 1991
Authors: Tegenbos Guy
Published: July 2021

The four-yearly social elections in Belgium took place for the tenth time in june 1991.The results show a renewed victory for the christian trade union ACV; all the other unions and lists lost. The socialist union ABW, which was once the most powerful in Belgium, felt the decline most strongly. It could maintain a narrow relative majority in votes in Wallonia but was outnumbered in seats by the ACV.For many years Wallonia was considered to be a "red bastion".  Another important shift was that the three "general" unions together gained the majority of votes of the executive staff members, at the expense of their "specific" lists : those of organizations and groups representing only members of the executive staffs.These elections showed a further decline in attendance, in spite of all the propaganda made by the Ministry of Labour, urging the employees to take part in the elections.
Belgian politics in 1991
Authors: Couttenier Ivan
Published: July 2021

Whereas the Belgian politica! world had planned a calm transitional political year leading to the January 1992 general elections, 1991 was a year of political turmoil resulting in the resignation of the cabinet and genera! elections. The Martens VIII cabinet had planned to implement the third and final phase of its constitutional reform package. However, in the fall tension rapidly rose inside the cabinet. White the majority parties were positioning themselves for the next elections, a row over arms sale licences caused the fall of the cabinet. First the Volksunie left, but only a few days later Prime Minister Martens had to submit the resignation of bis cabinet. In the ensuing genera! electiOns, all the traditional parties lost ground except PW and the losses were particularly severe for the Flemish Christian Democrats (CVP) and the Flemish Socialists (SP). Winners were the ultra-right Vlaams Blok in Flanders and the ecologists (Ecolo) in Francophone Belgium.
Primary exudative enteropathy: a clinical case
Authors: Statsenko I. Yu. , Sviridenko O. Yu. , Myazin R. G. , Emelyanov D. N. , Sviridenko A. O.
Published: July 2021

Primary exudative enteropathy is a rare disease caused by the formation of lymphatic vessel abnormalities in the intestinal wall, the development of pathological lymph flow into the intestinal lumen, and increased loss of plasma proteins in the feces. The leading clinical syndrome of the disease is edema with the development of hypoalbuminemia and dysproteinemia. To establish the diagnosis, it took numerous studies with the exception of the patient’s pathology of the kidneys, liver, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The course of the disease was characterized by significant resistance to therapy.
Three cases of late diagnosis of periodic illness
Authors: Eliseeva L. N. , Bocharnikova M. I.
Published: July 2021

Presented are three clinical observations of patients with a rare, but one of the oldest, genetic disease, which according to modern concepts belongs to the group of autoinflammatory diseases — familial Mediterranean fever. In the cases described, the diagnosis was first made in adulthood. The main purpose of the description of these cases is to draw the attention of practitioners to the possibility of early diagnosis and adequate pathogenetic therapy of this cohort of patients with an ethnic predisposition, but manifested regardless of the place of modern residence.
Estimates of genetic parameters of economic traits in murrah buffaloes
Authors:   GADVASU-Ludhiana, Punjab, KOUR GURPREET
Published: July 2021

Data from 1991 to 2017, pertaining to early performance traits was collected from 659 Murrah buffaloes, sired by 188 bulls, maintained at Directorate of Livestock Farms, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab. Least squares means and effect on non-genetic factors were evaluated for economic traits. Moderate heritability estimates of 0.217 ± 0.00, 0.231 ± 0.00, 0.260 ± 0.046 were calculated for first calving interval (FCI), First 305 day milk yield (F305MY) and first peak yield (FPY) respectively and low heritability values of 0.015± 0.025 and 0.043 ± 0.03 were estimated for age at first calving (AFC) and first lactation length (FLL) respectively. The phenotypic and genetic correlation of AFC was found to be positive with FLL and FCI and negative with F305MY and FPY. Although the production efficiency traits like F305MY, FLL and FPY had high positive genetic and phenotypic correlation among themselves.
Estimation of Psychological Distress in Japanese Youth Through Narrative Writing: Text-Based Stylometric and Sentiment Analyses
Authors: Manabe Masae , Liew Kongmeng , Yada Shuntaro , Wakamiya Shoko , Aramaki Eiji
Published: July 2021

Background

Internalizing mental illnesses associated with psychological distress are often underdetected. Text-based detection using natural language processing (NLP) methods is increasingly being used to complement conventional detection efforts. However, these approaches often rely on self-disclosure through autobiographical narratives that may not always be possible, especially in the context of the collectivistic Japanese culture.

Objective

We propose the use of narrative writing as an alternative resource for mental illness detection in youth. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the textual characteristics of narratives written by youth with psychological distress; our research focuses on the detection of psychopathological tendencies in written imaginative narratives.

Methods

Using NLP tools such as stylometric measures and lexicon-based sentiment analysis, we examined short narratives from 52 Japanese youth (mean age 19.8 years, SD 3.1) obtained through crowdsourcing. Participants wrote a short narrative introduction to an imagined story before completing a questionnaire to quantify their tendencies toward psychological distress. Based on this score, participants were categorized into higher distress and lower distress groups. The written narratives were then analyzed using NLP tools and examined for between-group differences. Although outside the scope of this study, we also carried out a supplementary analysis of narratives written by adults using the same procedure.

Results

Youth demonstrating higher tendencies toward psychological distress used significantly more positive (happiness-related) words, revealing differences in valence of the narrative content. No other significant differences were observed between the high and low distress groups.

Conclusions

Youth with tendencies toward mental illness were found to write more positive stories that contained more happiness-related terms. These results may potentially have widespread implications on psychological distress screening on online platforms, particularly in cultures such as Japan that are not accustomed to self-disclosure. Although the mechanisms that we propose in explaining our results are speculative, we believe that this interpretation paves the way for future research in online surveillance and detection efforts.
The Significance of the Hero’s Journey in Siddhartha’s Character Development as Seen in Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha
Authors: Damayanti Adelia , Munjid Achmad
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the character development of Siddhartha, the main character in Herman Hesse’s novel, Siddhartha (1973). This research aims to study how Siddhartha’s character develops during his journey to reach enlightenment. The analysis is conducted by using the theory of the hero's journey by Joseph Campbell. The result shows that Siddhartha’s journey follows twelve out of seventeen stages of the hero’s journey proposed by Campbell. All of the stages appear in the same order except the stage Belly of The Whale that comes late. It functions as a turning point rather than a preparation for a greater ordeal. The analysis also shows that Siddhartha undergoes two major changes; from an individualistic to a wise person and from someone who is always persistent and thirsty for knowledge to someone who is flexible.
Being and becoming a teacher: Professional Wellbeing Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Santos Dr. Kim Edward S. , RPm Crisanto D. de Jesus. , Corpuz Engr. Rolando P.
Published: July 2021

Covid-19 has a significant impact on higher education worldwide, not just in the Philippines. This study described the professional quality of life of the college teachers in terms of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. This study ascertained the relationship of socio demographic profile of the college teachers and their professional quality of life. This study used a quantitative-descriptive method of research. Convenience sampling was used in this study. A total of 76 college instructors were surveyed (44 from public schools and 32 from private schools). Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the college teachers have high compassion satisfaction for getting satisfaction from being able to teach people, being proud of what they can do to teach, and being happy to their chosen profession. These college teachers have exposure work related secondary traumatic stress on a moderate degree level by having a feeling of worn out because of their work as a teacher and feeling overwhelmed because of their teaching load and other work-related activities. However, the secondary traumatic stress of college teachers did not result to having high level of burnout, though college teachers still experience burnout but in low degree level only.
Dejando una huella durante el servicio social
Authors: del Ángel Martínez Rosa María
Published: July 2021

Como estudiante universitario, una de las oportunidades que se tiene para desarrollar el autoconocimiento, adquirir experiencias, conocer gente nueva y descubrir fortalezas y habilidades se da durante el servicio social. En este apartado, resaltamos la importancia que los prestadores de servicio social tienen para la Revista Digital Universitaria, así como algunas de las destrezas que se pueden adquirir y practicar al colaborar con nosotras.
Las extraordinarias formas de vida de los dinoflagelados del Pacífico mexicano
Authors: Delgado del Villar Sonia Jeanetthe , Alonso Rodríguez Rosalba , Jimenez-Gutierrez Laura Rebeca
Published: July 2021

Conforme se descubren nuevas especies, la humanidad toma conciencia de la riqueza y diversidad de la vida en la naturaleza. Particularmente en los ecosistemas marinos, nos damos cuenta que desconocemos todos los beneficios ecológicos y económicos que brinda el fitoplancton. En este documento mostraremos las extraordinarias formas de vida de los dinoflagelados marinos, quienes conforman el segundo grupo más abundante después de las diatomeas dentro del fitoplancton marino, el cual contribuye a la producción de oxígeno y forma parte de la base de las cadenas tróficas de todos los sistemas acuáticos. Los dinoflagelados sobresalen por poseer una gran variedad de formas, tamaños y adaptaciones para sobrevivir en condiciones adversas. A partir de ellos, se obtienen diversos productos útiles para la sociedad como suplementos alimenticios y medicamentos. Sin embargo, algunas especies producen toxinas, también llamadas ficotoxinas, que provocan daños a los ecosistemas acuáticos y representan riesgos a la salud humana. Actualmente, se conoce sólo una pequeña parte de la diversidad de los dinoflagelados, su potencial en la producción de compuestos y su uso en beneficio de la sociedad. Aún estamos muy lejos de conocer todo lo que este maravilloso mundo microscópico tiene por ofrecer a la humanidad.
Medusozoos: tesoro oculto del Pacífico mexicano
Authors: Estrada-González Mariae C. , Agüero José , Mendoza-Becerril María A.
Published: July 2021

En la naturaleza existen tesoros muy antiguos, casi como la vida misma. Uno de ellos data de hace aproximadamente 600 millones de años y yace oculto en todos los mares. Este tesoro recibe el nombre de medusozoos. Te invitamos a conocer quienes lo conforman y a sus principales investigadores en el Pacífico mexicano. En este texto también conocerás parte de su diversidad, con que otros seres vivos se relacionan, cómo buscarlos y dónde encontrarlos, además de su valor como recurso pesquero y otros usos que pueden tener en beneficio de la sociedad.
Lactancia materna: rompiendo las barreras
Authors: Velasco Riestra Paulina , Caicedo Fajardo Adelaida , Navarro Rodríguez José Antonio , Tejada Pineda María Fernanda , Armas Neira Mónica Jackeline
Published: July 2021

La lactancia materna es la intervención más costo-efectiva para la salud de los recién nacidos y de sus madres. Es una práctica fisiológica que reduce el riesgo de enfermedades e infecciones del recién nacido, además, mejora su desarrollo y su crecimiento. Simultáneamente, disminuye el riesgo materno de cáncer de mama, de sangrado posterior al parto, confiere protección anticonceptiva y mejora el vínculo emocional entre la madre y el hijo. A pesar de estos beneficios, estadísticas del país demuestran una deficiencia en esta práctica. En este artículo se ahondan los beneficios de la lactancia, sus mitos y realidades provenientes de creencias sociales, con el fin de disminuir las barreras que limitan la lactancia materna y así, mejorar la salud de madres e hijos.
La termoelectricidad: convirtiendo el calor en electricidad
Authors: Soní Castro Itzel de Jesus , López Oyama Ana Bertha , Rodríguez González Eugenio
Published: July 2021

Con el propósito de conocer una fuente renovable diferente a las ya conocidas hasta ahora, en este artículo, se presentan, de forma general, los mecanismos empleados en la generación de electricidad por medio de la termoelectricidad, la cual aprovecha el calor liberado por las máquinas o por algún proceso donde se realice un trabajo. Es importante conocer nuevas alternativas de generación eléctrica puesto que, cada día, millones de mexicanos nos conectamos a una red eléctrica, la cual se ha convertido en un aspecto fundamental para el desarrollo de la vida moderna. Asimismo, la electricidad nos sirve para proveer de limpieza, de seguridad, y de calor en la época invernal y para generar frío en los veranos calurosos. Además, es un eslabón crucial en las telecomunicaciones, en el transporte, en las actividades recreativas, entre otras. Actualmente, el mayor por ciento de la energía que se consume a nivel mundial proviene de combustibles fósiles, pero el uso desmedido de estas fuentes, para satisfacer la demanda creciente de electricidad, ha ocasionado un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente. Por tal motivo, en este artículo se busca que el lector conozca una alternativa para la generación de electricidad mediante el aprovechamiento del calor, una fuente inagotable y que, a su vez, disminuye el impacto negativo que se le produce en el medio ambiente.
Perspectivas laborales en el turismo en México post-Covid 19
Authors: Millán-García Carlos Hugo , Icaza Castro Gloria Georgina , Del Valle Pérez Mónica
Published: July 2021

Se ha señalado la precariedad laboral y la necesidad de la profesionalización de la fuerza laboral como parte de los problemas que demandan atención en la industria turística, mismas que se agravan ante la contingencia sanitaria ocasionada por el Covid-19 por lo que se requiere colocar en la mesa de discusión, comenzando por su reconocimiento.

El presente trabajo persigue como objetivo analizar las condiciones laborales presentes en la industria turística de México y la situación desde la que enfrentará su recuperación en cuestiones contractuales, después de la contingencia sanitaria.

Para lograr el objetivo, se retoma el enfoque teórico del turismo desde la perspectiva económica, así como la literatura que expone las formas de precarización específica del turismo y se compara con la realidad presente entre quienes laboraban en la actividad al inicio de la contingencia.

Para ello se propone un enfoque positivista, empleando un cuestionario que permitió recopilar información de empleados turísticos en México al inicio de la contingencia, en un momento crítico, cuando aún no se conocía la duración que tendría. Se encontró que, aunque el actual marco legal conduce a su precarización, alrededor de la mitad tiene un trabajo estable, valorado así por el nivel de ingresos que percibe y regresaría prácticamente en las mismas condiciones, tan pronto se vaya recuperando la actividad, al tiempo que asume la presente contingencia como parte del riesgo, de la realidad a la que se enfrenta el turismo y la asumen como tal. Esto entre quienes han alcanzado la profesionalización mediante la especialización o formación específica y ocupan mandos medios o superiores; siendo contrario entre aquellos que no tienen una formación en turismo, o que recientemente se incorporaron a la actividad.
Early adolescents' parent–child communication and friendship quality: A cross-lagged analysis
Authors: Qu Weiguo , Li Kexin , Wang Yulong
Published: July 2021

This study explored the two-way relationship between parent–child communication and the friendship quality of early adolescents, as well as the stability of these constructs and of gender differences, using a cross-lagged analysis. We conducted a 10-month follow-up study with
842 adolescents using the Parent–Adolescent Communication Scale and the Friendship Quality Questionnaire. Results show that both father–child and mother–child communication at Time 1 significantly and positively predicted friendship quality in early adolescence as measured
at Time 2; that is, the better was parent–child communication at Time 1, the higher was the friendship quality in early adolescence at Time 2. However, friendship quality at Time 1 did not significantly predict parent–child at Time 2. Additionally, parent–child communication
and friendship quality were better among children in seventh compared to eighth grade. Girls' friendship quality was higher than that of boys, whereas boys' parent–child communication was better than that of girls.
Сhanges of interpersonal behavior of russian mariners when working on international crews
Authors: Lupachev V. V. , Kubasov R. V. , Boyko I. M. , Khokhrina A. I. , Kubasova E. D.
Published: July 2021

Background. Psycho-emotional sphere of mariners is one of the most susceptible to severe conditions of maritime labor. Crew work at sea on ships of foreign companies often has abnormal working conditions. As a result, socio-psychological conflicts can arise, turning into psycho-emotional stress. Thus, the research of Russian mariners’ emotional sphere, working on the ships under flags of foreign states is very actual.

The aim of the work is to define the features of Russian mariners’ emotional condition during their work with international crews and to substantiate the necessity of its correction during voyage and intervoyage periods.

Materials and methods. Psycho-emotional condition of Russian mariners who worked on foreign companies’ ships during sea voyage was assessed using diagnostic method «Diagnostic of interpersonal relations» T. Leary, adapted by L.N. Sobchik.

Results of the research and discussion. A rather high level of tension of the emotional condition during the voyage was found, probably, caused by difficult communication with foreign mariners, hard work and, as a consequence, occurrence of conflict situations. Emotional stress may contribute to neurotic reactions in mariners. It is recommended to select crews for work on ships under the foreign flag and not to allow contracting with psychologically unstable person.
Assessment of yield, plasticity and stability of spring barley cultivars grown in the European North of the Russian Federation
Authors: Batakova Olga Borisovna , Korelina Valentina Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2021

In recent years, modern agroclimatic environmental conditions in the European North of the Russian Federation are determined by constant fluctuations of biotic and abiotic factors, which require a high level of plasticity and stability of crop yield and quantitative characteristics from cultivars used in agricultural production. Therefore, determining the plant response to changing environmental factors in order to select the most promising breeding seeds, is an important task for breeders. The research was conducted on experimental field of N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in the nursery of competitive variety testing in 20172019. Cultivars of spring barley of local selection were studied. Indicators of cultivar plasticity and stability were calculated by the method of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Rassell (1966), the indicator of genetic flexibility by the method of R.A. Udachin (1990). Various weather conditions during the research period enabled to evaluate the breeding material comprehensively. The hydrothermal coefficient (according to G.T. Selyaninov) varied from 1.85 to 3.06 during the research years. Ten cultivar samples of spring barley were analyzed to identify a plastic stable genotype. As a result, a high level of stability was shown by samples k-037712 (Ϭ2 = 0.01), k-038404 (Ϭ2 = 0.02). Samples with a neutral genotype were identified: k-039257, k-036982 (bi 1) and a sample weakly responding to environmental changes k-038806 (bi = 0.23). The bi value is very close to 1 in Kotlassky cultivar, which shows a high ecological plasticity. Sample k-038806 has the lowest coefficient of linear regression (0.23), therefore, it is suitable for cultivation on unfertilized soils. The selected genetic sources will be used in breeding to develop highly productive cultivars of spring barley for the conditions of the European North of the Russian Federation.
Model of monitoring of oil soil pollution and its termination
Authors: Germanova Svetlana Evgenievna , Magdeeva Tatiana Valeryevna , Pliushchikov Vadim Gennadievich
Published: July 2021

The assessment of impact of oil production economic activities on land pollution in Russia contributes to evolutionary management decision making. Oil industrial pollution affects negatively flora and fauna. Thus, its important to identify the level of its exposure and danger, the site of contamination. A system approach is needed. When studying the environment, its necessary to consider the presence of risk situations and stochastic irreversible changes. Its essential to identify the nature and type of soil contamination with petroleum products using high-tech tools, intellectual procedures. The work considers modeling of such situation, forecasting and identification of oil contaminants. The submodel of optimal termination of monitoring is also considered. Ending monitoring of environmental optimization will result in lower monitoring costs, since monitoring oilcontaminated environments is an expensive and complex technological mechanism, often requiring satellite data. The proposed algorithm for modeling and system analysis is based on situational modeling. Evolutionary modeling allows to adapt the procedure (methodology) of forecasting and assessment to environmental risk factors. It increases the accuracy (formalization and evidence) and completeness of conclusions, the efficiency of situation analysis, which affects manageability of risk both for the oil complex and for individual enterprise in the industry. The results of the research may be used for development of software tools, in particular expert and predictive systems. Situational models are needed when oil companies are solving multi-criteria and multifactor problems.
RANCANGAN PENGUKURAN KINERJA SAFETY BALANCED SCORECARD PADA PERUSAHAAN ASBESTOS INDONESIA
Authors: Maulani Bismar , Hasibuan Sawarni
Published: July 2021

Pelarangan beroperasinya industri asbes di beberapa Negara Barat menyebabkan perlunya perusahaan-perusahaan asbes mendisain ulang system manajemen kinerjanya yang mengintegrasikan aspek safety yang lebih ketat.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem pengukuran kinerja dengan metode balanced scorecard yang diintegrasikan dengan safety pada kasus perusahaan atap asbestos di Indonesia. Langkah dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah identifikasi sasaran strategis, identifikasi key performance indicator (KPI), merancang safety balanced scorecard, dan melakukan pengukuran kinerja. Pembobotan KPI dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analytical hierarchy process (AHP).  Hasil rancangan safety balanced scorecard menghasilkan bobot sebesar 34,6% untuk perspektif learning & growth, 32% untuk perspektif internal business process, 19,2% untuk perspektif customer, dan 14,2% untuk perspektif financial.  Hasil pengukuran kinerja perusahaan asbestos menunjukkan skor kinerja tertinggi pada internal business process dengan skor 1,233, disusul learning & growth dengan skor 1,180, customer dengan skor 0,685, dan financial dengan skor 0,470. Hasil pengukuran total kinerja pada empat perspektif tersebut sebesar 3,567 yang menunjukkan bahwa kinerja safety BSC perusahaan atap asbestos masuk dalam kategori cukup.
ANALISA KELAYAKAN INVESTASI ALAT PENGOLAHAN KERAK TEMBAGA DI PT. TEMBAGA MULIA SEMANAN
Authors: Chriswahyudi Chriswahyudi , Darma Surya Adi
Published: July 2021

PT. Tembaga Mulia Semanan adalah salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang peleburan tembaga terkemuka di Indonesia.Memiliki jumlah kerak tembaga sebanyak 32.266 kg. Masalah yang dihadapi perusahaan adalah ketika kerak tembaga ini harus dijual dan dihargai hanya 73% dari harga LME (London Metal Exchange). Sehingga perusahaan mengalami kerugian 27%. Untuk memperbaiki masalah ini perusahaan membuat alat pengolahan kerak tembaga dan melakukan analisa investasi alat pengolahan ketak tembaga ini. Hasil perhitungan metode NPV (Net Present Value) adalah RP 366,79 juta, maka layak secara economis. Hasil perhitungan metode IRR (Internal Rate of Return) untuk MARR 15% adalah IRR = 26,94%, maka investasi tersebut layak secara economis. Hasil perhitungan metode BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) adalah 1,528 maka investasi tersebut layak secara economis. Hasil perhitungan metode PBP (Peyback period) adalah k = 2,621 < n = 10 tahun, maka memenuhi syarat dan layak secara economis.
LITERATUR REVIEW PENERAPAN QCC DALAM INDUSTRI
Authors: Rosdiana Dina , Purba Humiras Hardi
Published: July 2021

QCC atau dikenal dengan gugus kendali mutu merupakan suatu metode untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk, mengurangi jumlah cacat produk dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan konsumen, serta mengurangi komplain. Dalam penelitian ini melakukan review pada beberapa jurnal yang menggunakan metode QCC untuk melakukan perbaikan pada industri manufaktur maupun industri jasa. Jurnal yang terkumpul sebanyak 32 jurnal. Jurnal Indonesia sebanyak 71,9%, Cina sebanyak 15,6 %, Bangladesh sebanyak 3,1 % dan India sebanyak 9,4%.
Estado nacional, ciudadanía y calidad laboral
Authors: Barcellos-Mathiasi Fernanda , Duarte-Pimentel Thiago
Published: July 2021

Este artículo nace de la interrogante: ¿Cómo configuraciones histórico-institucionales de los Estados nacionales, en las sociedades occidentales del siglo XX, han permitido el desarrollo e institucionalización de distintas formas de ciudadanía y de vínculos (contratos sociales) de los individuos con el Estado, en particular con condiciones laborales concretas? Se desarrolla como un trabajo conceptual de corte histórico, analiza la formación de la ciudadanía en las sociedades modernas occidentales, como categoría social emergente dentro del Estado, en sus diferentes tipos de contrato social (Estado liberal, de derecho, social, de bienestar social y el Estado neoliberal) y sus implicaciones en términos de derechos sociales y laborales. Además, se apoya sobre los trabajos seminales de T. H. Marshall y José Murilo de Carvalho y se argumenta que el tipo de Estado desarrollado en cada país y la forma como se sucederán los derechos (civiles, políticos y sociales) ha impactado también sobre la configuración de las condiciones y los derechos laborales. Los tipos de Estado y su forma de integración social (ciudadanía) tienen respuestas diferenciales no tocante a las leyes y condiciones laborales. A modo de conclusión, se puede inferir que las distintas formas concretas de Estado, con sus diferentes formas de ciudadanía, con derechos y deberes vinculados, se han manifestado en los derechos laborales. Como subsistema y subproducto de este proceso, estos derechos han variado, ora como una necesidad, ora como un privilegio, en el proceso histórico de involucramiento de actores e instituciones y los cambios sociales de representación de estas ideas.
Could Guillain-Barré syndrome be triggered by COVID-19 vaccination?
Authors: Aldeeb Maya , Okar Lina , Mahmud Safa , Adeli Gholam
Published: July 2021

We are reporting a case of Guillain- Barré syndrome seven days after the
first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. As this vaccine is still
under investigation, reporting possible rare side effects is essential.
In this case, the temporal relationship was suggestive of a
vaccine-induced cause.
Genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing (GT-seq) of non-invasive fecal and degraded samples: a new panel to enable ongoing monitoring of Canadian polar bear populations
Authors: Hayward Kristen , Clemente-Carvalho Rute , Jensen Evelyn , Groot Peter Van Coeverden de , Branigan Marsha , Dyck Markus , Tschritter Christina , Sun Zhengxin , Lougheed Stephen
Published: July 2021

Genetic monitoring using non-invasive samples provides a complement or
alternative to traditional population monitoring methods. However, Next
Generation Sequencing approaches to monitoring typically require high
quality DNA and the use of non-invasive samples (e.g. scat) is often
challenged by poor DNA quality and contamination by non-target species.
One promising solution is a highly multiplexed sequencing approach
called Genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing (GT-seq), which can enable
cost-efficient genomics-based monitoring for populations based on
non-invasively collected samples. Here, we develop and validate a GT-seq
panel of 324 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) optimized for
genotyping of polar bears based on DNA from non-invasively collected
fecal samples. We demonstrate 1) successful GT-seq genotyping of DNA
from a range of sample sources, including successful genotyping of
85.7% of non-invasively collected fecal samples determined to contain
polar bear DNA, and 2) that we can reliably differentiate individuals,
ascertain sex, assess relatedness, and resolve population structure of
Canadian polar bear subpopulations based on a GT-seq panel of 324 SNPs.
Our GT-seq data reveal similar spatial-genetic patterns as previous
polar bear studies but at lesser cost per sample and using
non-invasively collected samples, indicating the potential of this
approach for population monitoring. This GT-seq panel provides the
foundation for a non-invasive toolkit for polar bear monitoring and
contribute to community-based programs – a framework which may serve as
a model for wildlife management and contribute to conservation and
policy for species worldwide.
Miracles in My Time: Reflections of a Paediatric Respiratory Physician.
Authors: Massie John
Published: July 2021

Miracles, like London buses, just seem to come along. The truth is,
there are no miracles, just lots of hard work behind the scenes, minds
open to opportunity, serendipity and possibly a little luck. In my time
as a paediatric respiratory physician, I have born witness to remarkable
advances in treatment that have changed patients’ fortunes overnight.
Examples of these include artificial surfactant replacement for
premature newborns, conjugate haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination,
propranolol for infants with subglottic haemangiomas, mandibular
distraction for babies with micrognathia, cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator modulators therapy for patients with cystic
fibrosis and antisense oligonucleotide therapy for infants with spinal
muscular atrophy. There are lessons to be learned from reflection upon
these life transforming treatments, and perhaps it is a good time just
to pause and wonder.