bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometrías del asentamiento y de evolución de las estructuras compositivas de la iglesia de Pozos. La Cabrera Alta (León-España)
Authors: Fernández San Elías Gaspar , Montes Fernández Natalia , De Celis Carrillo Benito , Montes Tubío Francisco de Paula
Published: June 2015

Se trata de un trabajo de investigación sobre la arquitectura religiosa de Pozos (La Cabrera Alta), realizado mediante la metodología más adecuada: el dibujo, el análisis tipológico y su complementación con la documentación histórica y bibliográfica pertinente. Ha exigido medir, comparar, analizar sus unidades elementales en relación a otras arquitecturas vecinales en la comarca, haciendo evidente su geometría y los mecanismos de su restitución gráfica evolutiva desde su fundación, en el s XII, hasta derivar en la articulación de la forma arquitectónica resultante actual. Es una edificación que parte de estructuras muy simples a modo de invariantes formales, de autor/es desconocidos, autoconstruida y vernácula, sin arquitectos, pero asentada en la funcionalidad y tradiciones muy arraigadas, que ganan complejidad mediante el enriquecimiento de otras existentes y adición de elementos.
El informalismo matérico en León
Authors: Olmos Criado Rosa María
Published: June 2015

En el contexto pictórico leonés de la segunda mitad del siglo del siglo XX, en concreto a partir de 1960, cobra singular importancia la pintura informalista, y dentro de ella la corriente que construye su código expresivo con materiales que rebasan ampliamente lo pictórico pero que comportan similar sentido plástico y valor estético. En el presente trabajo se ofrece un panorama global de la pintura matérica en este espacio geográfico y marco temporal, a través de sus principales pintores y obras, exponiendo y analizando las etapas a que da lugar la evolución de sus características formales y el paulatino alejamiento ideológico con el primer informalismo.
Emblemática y literatura en El tejedor de Segovia de Juan Ruiz de Alarcón
Authors: Iglesias Garrido Ana Belén
Published: June 2015

En este primer número no se publicaron resúmenes.
Adolfo Marsillac ante el repertorio clásico
Authors: Pedraza Jiménez Felipe B.
Published: June 2015

En este primer número no se publicaron resúmenes.
Oposiciones binarias y función semiótica: el viaje inacabable de Don Quijote
Authors: Ferreras Savoye Daniel
Published: June 2015

En este primer número no se incorporaron resúmenes.
Los libros de emblemas y la imprenta
Authors: López Poza Sagrario
Published: June 2015

Este primer número no incluye resúmenes
Número 2 completo
Authors: Autores Varios
Published: June 2015

Este número se publicó en 2007 impreso. Se adjunta aquí el pdf para que pueda ser consultado.
Número 4 completo, correspondiente a 2009
Authors: Varios Autores
Published: June 2015

PDF del número completo del año 2009.
Una nota sobre la astrología en los inicios de la poesía de cancionero
Authors: Álvarez Ledo Sandra Teresa
Published: June 2015

Resumen

Este artículo expone una reflexión acerca de la huella que la astrología ha dejado en las composiciones del Cancionero de Baena, centrándose, para ello, en la obra de uno de los autores de la colectánea que mayor afición muestra hacia la referida disciplina: Ferrán Manuel de Lando. Tras llevar a cabo un balance general de la influencia de la ciencia de los astros en el conjunto de la obra del poeta, se procede al análisis pormenorizado de los tecnicismos específicos de este ámbito que se localizan en una de las composiciones más astrológicas del autor. El uso que Lando realiza de estos términos en el poema analizado, así como la presencia de una perspectiva astrológica en algunos de sus textos, con independencia de su temática, evidencia el relieve de la astrología en el conjunto de la producción del sevillano.

Palabras-clave: astrología, Lando, Cancionero de Baena, léxico astrológico, ciencia.

 

Abstract

This article exposes a reflection on the influence that astrology has left on the poetry of the Cancionero de Baena. For this purpose, it focuses Ferrán Manuel de Lando’s works, given that he is one of the authors of the antology that shows more interest in this discipline. After offering a general view of the presence of astrology in the whole work of the poet, it develops a detailed analysis of the specific scientific terms that are located on the most astrological composition by the author. The use of these terms in the poem analyzed, as well as the adoption of an astrological perspective in some of his texts, regardless of their topics, shows the relief of astrology within the sevillian’s poetry.
 Keywords: astrology, Lando, Cancionero de Baena, astrological vocabulary, science.
El krausismo y la obra temprana de Ramón Pérez de Ayala: la tetralogía de Díaz de Guzmán.
Authors: Rueda Garrido Daniel
Published: June 2015

RESUMEN

La obra novelística de Ramón Pérez de Ayala en su primera época (1907 – 1913) está construida según la ley de progreso histórico del ideal krausista. Ese   ideal supone la integración de las partes en el todo, es decir,  la asimilación sucesiva de los conjuntos humanos por el individuo en un proceso gradual de comprensión de sus características esenciales. El medio idóneo para esa comprensión universal es la educación estética,  que favorece la imaginación por la concordancia de la razón y los sentidos. El momento cumbre de ese progreso es un estado definido como armonía con todo lo existente, y esto se aprecia tanto en la filosofía krausista de la historia como en la biografía de Díaz de Guzmán.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Ramón Pérez de Ayala - progreso histórico - educación estética - ideal   krausista - tetralogía

ABSTRACT

The early novels of Ramón Pérez de Ayala (1907 – 1913) are designed to follow the law of historical progress related to the Krausist ideal. That ideal is understood as the integration of the parts, that is to say, the gradual assimilation and comprehension of the essential characteristics of the human groups. To comprehend this takes an aesthetic education, which reinforce and help develop the imagination through the collaboration of reason and senses. The top of this human progress is a state of harmony with every existing thing, and that can be seen in the Krausist Philosophy of History as well as in the biography of Díaz de Guzmán.

 

KEY WORDS: Ramón Pérez de Ayala - historical progress - aesthetic education - Krausist  ideal - tetralogy
Thomas Pavel, The Lives of the Novel. A History, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2013, 346 págs.
Authors: Ardila J.A.G.
Published: June 2015

Reseña
Las voces desterradas como refugio: Trazar la salvaguarda de José Luis Puerto, Madrid, Calambur, 2012, 144 págs.
Authors: Escribano Asunción
Published: June 2015

Reseña
Sandra Álvarez Ledo, Ferrán Manuel de Lando. Estudio sobre la biografía y la obra de un poeta sevillano, Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, 2014, 269 págs.
Authors: Mosquera Novoa Lucía
Published: June 2015

Reseña
Gustavo Vega, Pintar la luz/Dipingere la luce, luce, Milán, Edizioni Eva, 2012, 117 págs.
Authors: Merchán Ruiz Juan Carlos
Published: June 2015

Reseña
Carles Magrinyà Badiella, Post tenebras spero lucem. Alquimia y ritos en el ´Quijote´ y otras obras cervantinas, Uppsala Universitet, 2014, 250 págs.
Authors: Balcells Doménech José María
Published: June 2015

Reseña
Antonio Lucas, Los desengaños, Madrid: Visor. XXVI Premio Internacional de Poesía Fundación Loewe, 2014, 92 págs.
Authors: Abril Juan Carlos
Published: June 2015

Reseña
Luis Bagué Quílez, Paseo de la identidad, Madrid: Visor. XII Premio Emilio Alarcos, 2014, 60 págs.
Authors: Abril Juan Carlos
Published: June 2015

Reseña
Antología poética personal y poema autógrafo
Authors: González Iglesias Juan Antonio
Published: June 2015

Poemas seleccionados por el autor e imagen de poema autógrafo.
Por qué la geomorfología es una ciencia global
Authors: García-Ruiz J.M.
Published: June 2015

La Geomorfología es una ciencia muy compleja desarrollada entre la Geografía y la Geología, con el objetivo de estudiar y explicar las formas de relieve a diferentes escalas espaciales y temporales. Este trabajo revisa aquellos aspectos que confirman la necesidad de ser global en Geomorfología. Las formas de relieve son el resultado de la actividad de procesos geomórficos sobre una estructura geológica durante un periodo de tiempo muy variable. Cada forma de relieve es consecuencia de una interacción compleja entre  sustrato rocoso, disposición estructural, clima, actividad biológica, procesos geomórficos y tiempo. El papel de los geomorfólogos es desentrañar esa complejidad a partir del relieve actual, en el que los restos de formas de relieve y  depósitos de diferente origen dan lugar a un palimpsesto en el que la mayor parte de la información ha desaparecido. La interpretación del relieve y su  dinámica necesita análisis detallados y el empleo creciente de técnicas ligadas  a ordenadores (teledetección y SIG), y especialmente una perspectiva global para interpretar el relieve y su dinámica. La colaboración con ecólogos ha contribuido a ampliar la función de los geomorfólogos en los estudios ambientales.
Comparison of different methods to measure soil erosion in the Central Ebro Valley
Authors: León J. , Badía D. , Echeverría M.T.
Published: June 2015

Fire is a natural factor of landscape evolution in Mediterranean ecosystems. Due to social and economical changes, wildfires have caused hydrological and geomorphological changes to be more pronounced, resulting in enhanced soil erosion. The study area is located in the Zuera Mountains, near the city of Zaragoza (Spain) in the Middle Ebro Valley. These mountains were affected by two wildfires in 2008 and 2009, burned around 2000 ha and 6000 ha, respectively. Middle Ebro Valley has extreme aridity, which results in a low plant cover and high soil erodibility enhanced by the fire effects. Soil infiltration is one of the properties affected by fire as a consequence of litter and vegetation removal, heating of and changes to the biological, chemical and physical soil properties. The objective was to compare two different methods –rainfall simulations and erosion plots–, to assess soil erosion after forest fires. We compared different measurements with rainfall simulators and erosion plots, applying a woodchip cover –in order to reduce the rain splash effect–, and to measure the erosion reduction. The work showed low sediment rates in both experiments covered with woodchips.
Disponibilidade hídrica e fertilização orgânica em plântulas de maracujazeiro amarelo
Authors: Araújo Danila Lima , Véras Mario Leno Martins , Alves Lunara de Sousa , Araújo Diva Lima de , Andrade Raimundo
Published: June 2015

Resumo - A produção sustentável de mudas é de essencial importância para a sanidade de produções futuras das culturas, entre elas está principalmente as frutíferas, onde, uma boa muda resulta posteriormente em uma boa fornecedora de frutos de qualidade. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo sob ação de níveis de água disponível e aplicação de fertilizante orgânico a base de urina de vaca. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (5x2) com cinco repetições, totalizando 50 unidades experimentais; os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de cinco níveis de água disponível (60; 70; 80; 90 e 100 %), 1 - com a aplicação (C) e 2 - sem a aplicação (S) de solução a base de urina de vaca. Todas as variáveis estudadas nas mudas de maracujazeiro responderam linearmente a disponibilidade hídrica imposta a elas, de acordo com que se aumentou a água disponível os resultados foram incrementados, já com e sem a aplicação de solução a base de urina de vaca, não surtiram efeitos significativos.

Palavras-chave: mudas, estresse hídrico, urina de vaca
Análise temporal da cobertura vegetal no Parque Estadual Cachoeira da Fumaça, ES, por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto
Authors: Souza Guilherme Silvério Aquino de , Conrado Vinícius Nascimento , Martins Bruno Ferraz , Quinto Vagner Mauri , Silva Elias
Published: June 2015

O monitoramento ambiental de fragmentos florestais é um trabalho oneroso e demorado, por isso, o sensoriamento remoto (SR) por intermédio do índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada (NDVI) é uma ferramenta eficaz na identificação das áreas florestadas e que sofreram desmatamento. O satélite LANDSAT é uma importante fonte de base de dados para esse tipo de estudo, pois, possui imagens com mais de 29 anos de série temporal, o que possibilitou a criação dos mapas temáticos do Parque Estadual Cachoeira da Fumaça (PECF) localizado no Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo, e a identificação das áreas em que a vegetação arbórea sofreu desmatamento, não sofreu alteração e onde houve regeneração no parque. O PECF apresentou aproximadamente 72% da sua área sem sofrer alteração e 20% da sua área foi regenerada entre os anos de 1985 e 2010, demonstrando eficiência do seu plano de manejo.
Production, characterization and acceptability of pineapple liqueurs prepared with different alcoholic bases
Authors: Oliveira Érica Resende , De Deus Kátia Oliveira , Caliari Márcio
Published: June 2015

Evaluation of physico-chemical parameters and the acceptability of liquors pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merri), produced with different alcoholic bases: rum, flavored with pineapple peel and rum doubly distilled grain alcohol, were performed in this study. We conducted analyzes of alcoholic strength, density, pH, soluble solids, total fixed and volatile acidity, dry, and sensory analysis through the affective test of acceptability with 100 judges using 9-point hedonic scale to evaluate the attributes color, flavor , odor and overall impression, and purchase intent test. The average alcohol content found for all treatments was 25% v / v, a value that lies within the limits of the Brazilian law. The values of dry matter, fixed acidity, density and L * is not distinguished between treatments. The color parameters L *, a *, b *, chroma and H °, and the results of the analysis of the total acidity, soluble solid showed up only statistically different for liquor-based grain alcohol. The average pH differed for rum-based liqueur. All liquors showed good acceptability, averaging above 6 and 49% of the panelists claimed that the product would probably buy pineapple liqueur made with different alcoholic bases. The liquor made of only rum was the most accepted as the global average of items analyzed.
Qualidade microbiológica de salada de frutas comercializadas por ambulantes na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte – Ceará
Authors: Santos Jôcy Emanuela Ferreira dos , Teixeira Lúcia Emanuele Barros , Moreira Inácia Dos Santos , Sousa Francinalva Cordeiro de , Castro Deise Souza de
Published: June 2015

O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade microbiológica de salada de frutas comercializadas por ambulantes na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte - Ceará. Foram coletadas seis amostras de salada de frutas, sendo duas em cada ponto de coleta. As amostras foram coletadas pela manhã no centro da cidade, as amostras foram mantidas em recipientes isotérmicos e levadas para o Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos da FATEC – Cariri. Realizaram-se análises de coliformes a 45°C e Salmonella spp, segundo as Normas da APHA 2001. Os resultados foram interpretados de acordo com a RDC N°12, de janeiro de 2001 da ANVISA. Para coliformes a 45°C foram encontrados resultados iguais a 2,4x102 NMP/g; 1,5x102 NMP/g; 4,6x102 NMP/g; ≥2,4x102 NMP/g; 4,6x102 NMP/g e ≥2,4x102, para as amostras A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 e C2 respectivamente. Estes resultados revelam que 33,33% das amostras, encontra-se em desacordo com o padrão federal vigente que permite 5x102 NMP/g. Para Salmonella spp., os resultados encontrados foram de ausência em todas as amostras.
Influência da adubação química e orgânica no crescimento inicial e acúmulo de nutrientes em variedade de milho crioulo
Authors: Vale Katiana De Sousa , Pereira Junior Ednaldo Barbosa , Sousa Joice Xavier de , Barbosa Maria José Estevão P. , Sousa Januária Caldeira , Rolim Hermano Oliveira
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar fontes de adubação orgânica em substituição mineral no desenvolvimento e absorção de nutriente no milho crioulo. O experimento foi realizado no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, no Município de Sousa-PB, situando a 233 m de altitude, com latitude de 6º 45’ sul e longitude de 38º 13’ oeste. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso (DBC) com 3 repetições e 5 tratamentos, totalizando 15 parcelas com 272 m² cada. Os tratamentos foram compostos por: T = testemunha (sem adubo), A.Q = Adubação química (30 Kg de N por ha), E.B = esterco bovino (4,2 t ha-1), E.O = esterco ovino (2,2 t ha-1) e E.A = Esterco de aviário (2,0 t ha-1). Foram analisados altura de planta, diâmetro do colmo, matéria verde da parte aérea, matéria seca da parte aérea e teores de N, P e K na biomassa do milho. Os tratamentos testados influenciaram em todas as variáveis analisadas. As fontes orgânicas são promissoras na substituição total á adubação química, com destaque para o esterco de aviário. A extração de N pela planta seguiu a seguinte ordem: esterco ovino, adubação química, esterco bovino e adubação química, de acordo com as datas coletadas. A extração de P pela planta seguiu a seguinte ordem: esterco aviário, esterco ovino, esterco bovino e esterco bovino, de acordo com as datas coletadas. A extração de K pela planta seguiu a seguinte ordem: esterco ovino, esterco bovino, adubação química e esterco de aviário, de acordo com as datas coletadasseguinte ordem: esterco ovino, adubação química, esterco bovino e adubação química, de acordo com as datas coletadas. A extração de P pela planta seguiu a seguinte ordem: esterco aviário, esterco ovino, esterco bovino e esterco bovino, de acordo com as datas coletadas. A extração de K pela planta seguiu a seguinte ordem: esterco ovino, esterco bovino, adubação química e esterco de aviário, de acordo com as datas coletadas
Caracterização físico-química de qualidade da água de coco anão verde industrializada
Authors: Lima Suziane Alves Josino , Machado Antonio Vitor , Cavalcanti Monica Tejo , Araújo Dyalla Ribeiro de
Published: June 2015

A água de coco vem ganhando espaço no mercado como uma bebida de vasto potencial comercial, pois além de ser um produto natural, possui baixo teor calórico, considerável valor nutricional e apresenta aroma e sabor suaves e agradáveis. Apresentando-se como uma bebida leve, refrescante e pouco calórica, composta de água, açúcares, proteínas, vitaminas e sais minerais, sendo apresentada como possível substituta às bebidas utilizadas para reidratação após os exercícios físicos, cujas características são alteradas na pré, pós-colheita e após processada. Neste contexto este trabalho objetivou avaliar as características físico-químicas de qualidade da água de coco anão verde industrializadas e comercializada no sertão paraibano e cearense durante o armazenamento simulado. Foram coletadas e identificadas, amostras em duas unidades industriais, no dia de sua fabricação, sendo estas transportadas para análise de qualidade até o tempo de vida útil mercadológico, sendo utilizado um planejamento experimental fatorial com as variáveis temperatura (2, 7 e 12 °C) e tempo (1, 15 e 30 dias). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: turbidez, condutividade, viscosidade, pH, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total e ácido ascórbico. O binômio tempo x temperatura influenciou consideravelmente os parâmetros analisados durante o armazenamento, onde observou-se diminuição nos valores de pH, vitamina C, condutividade elétrica e sólidos solúveis totais para ambas as indústrias e aumentos simultâneos para as indústrias quanto aos parâmetros analisados de turbidez, viscosidade, e acidez total titulável. Sugere-se como forma de garantia da manutenção da qualidade da água de coco à implantação e monitoramento de Boas Práticas de Fabricação para as unidades produtoras.

 

Palavras chave: armazenamento, qualidade, água de coco
Caracterização pós-colheita de figos (Ficus carica L.) produzidos sob diferentes condições de cultivo na Chapada do Apodi – CE.
Authors: Freitas Raniely Nayanne da Silva , Souza Pahlevi Augusto , Silva Monique Ellen Torres , Silva Francisco Limeira , Maracajá Patrício Borges
Published: June 2015

A produção de figos para consumo in natura é limitada pelas chuvas, que causam elevadas perdas por podridão, o que pode dificultar o seu cultivo durante a estação chuvosa local (fevereiro a maio), época em que a fruta atinge a sua maior cotação. Essa dificuldade poderá ser contornada com o uso de ambiente protegido. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, realizar a caracterização da qualidade pós-colheita de figos produzidos sob cultivo protegido e a céu aberto na Chapada do Apodi- CE. Os frutos utilizados neste experimento foram colhidos em pomar experimental da Unidade de Ensino e Pesquisa (UEPE), pertencente ao Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), localizada na Chapada do Apodi em Limoeiro do Norte – Ceará, onde os mesmos foram cultivados a céu aberto e em estufa.  Foram realizadas as seguintes análises: diâmetro do fruto, peso do fruto, firmeza da polpa, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável(AT), pH, RATIO e vitamina C. De acordo com os parâmetros analisados, os figos cultivados em estufa apresentaram melhores atributos físico-químicos em relação aos cultivados em céu aberto, concluindo-se que, o tipo de cultivo influencia na qualidade pós-colheita do fruto.
Estudo cinético da secagem da uva Isabel para produção de uva passa
Authors: Machado Antônio Vitor , Souza José Aldenor de , Novaes Rafael da Silva
Published: June 2015

A fruticultura é um dos segmentos mais importantes na agricultura nacional, porém um grande problema enfrentado pelos fruticultores é a conservação dos frutos maduros. A falta de tecnologias adequadas para o melhor aproveitamento dos frutos tem resultado em um alto índice de desperdício, cerca de toneladas ano. A uva Isabel, é uma das principais variedades Vitis labrusca, que apresenta sabor característico e pigmentação bastante acentuada, destacando-se como uva de mesa comum, apresentando-se como uma variedade de grande aceitação pelo consumidor e pela indústria de alimentos. A desidratação de frutas vem sendo objeto de muitas pesquisas com o propósito de se obter técnicas que proporcionem, além de baixo custo de produção, a manutenção da qualidade dos produtos desidratados e a redução das perdas pós-colheita. Neste sentido o presente trabalho objetivou estudar a secagem da uva Isabel para obtenção de uva passa desidratada, visando obter informações sobre a qualidade do fruto in-natura e após processamento, realizando-se para isto à caracterização físico-química do fruto in-natura e desidratado. Foram realizadas análises de pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável,  umidade, atividade de água e do teor de antocianinas nos Laboratórios de Tecnologia da UFERSA e UFCG. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os frutos desidratados apresentaram um incremento nos teores de sólidos solúveis (de 11,17 para 45° brix), da acidez titulável (de 0,73 para 1,34%) e do teor de antocianina, que foi elevado de 117,83 mg/100g para 380,52 mg/100g de fruto desidratado, e redução quanto aos valores de umidade (de 85,65 para 21,75%) e atividade de água (de 0,90 para 0,66), estes valores de nutrientes apresentaram-se próximos aos relatados na literatura demonstrando que a secagem solar é uma excelente alternativa para a conservação da uva Isabel, contribuindo assim para redução das perdas pós-colheita e com a agregação de valor ao produto desidratado.
Potencial toxicológico frente Artemia Salina em plantas condimentares comercializadas no município de Campina Grande-PB
Authors: Pereira Emmanuel Moreira , Leite Filho Manoel Tolentino , Mendes Francisco de Assis , Martins Ana Nery Alves , Rocha Ana Paula Trindade
Published: June 2015

O conhecimento do potencial toxicológico das plantas é um fator primordial para estipular o limite consumível. Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar o potencial toxicológico de plantas condimentares frente Artemia salina, expostas às concentrações dos extratos das plantas erva-doce (Pimpinella anisum L.), pimenta malagueta (Capsicum frutescens), endro (Anethum graveolens L.) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Engenharia de Alimentos - LEA pertencente ao Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande-PB. A erva doce apresentou uma baixa toxicidade, atingindo uma DL50 de 428ppm do extrato. Já a pimenta malagueta exibiu um comportamento similar, atingindo o seu potencial toxicológico máximo na terceira diluição com DL50 716,1ppm. Para o endro, observou-se uma baixa taxa de mortalidade, consequentemente foi considerada não toxica, apresentando a DL50, com 2.624,5ppm. O alecrim apresentou baixos percentuais de mortalidade em náuplios de Artemia, sendo a DL50 com 3.720,6ppm, sendo considerado não toxico. No entanto necessita-se de estudos mais aprofundados para caracterizar a composição química das plantas estudadas e um teste in vivo para as que apresentaram baixa toxicidade.
Production of Recalcitrant Organic Matter under the Influence of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
Authors: Ki Bomin , Park Suyoung , Choi Jung Hyun
Published: June 2015

The effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on the quantity and quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of wetland sediments were investigated by measuring organic matter decomposition rates and phenolic compounds as target recalcitrant organic matter. Mean rates of anaerobic microbial metabolism were consistently higher both in vegetated sediments and in elevated CO2 and temperature, although the differences were not statistically significant (P < 0.05). Concentrations of phenolic compounds in sediments with vegetation are significantly different (P < 0.05) from those in sediments without vegetation. Regarding the biodegradability of the phenolic compounds, vegetated sediments showed higher concentrations of 2‐chlorophenol and 2,4‐dimethylphenol under elevated CO2 and temperature conditions, which means that more refractory material can be produced through enhanced organic matter degradation by elevated CO2 and temperature. The produced phenolic compounds can be transported to the freshwater ecosystem and influence the recalcitrance of DOC.
Improving Settling Characteristics of Pure Oxygen Activated Sludge by Stripping of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kundral Somshekhar , Mudragada Ratnaji , Coro Ernesto , Moncholi Manny , Mora Nelson , Laha Shonali , Tansel Berrin
Published: June 2015

Increased microbial activity at high ambient temperatures can be problematic for secondary clarifiers and gravity concentrators due to carbon dioxide (CO2) production. Production of CO2 in gravity concentrators leads to septic conditions and poor solids separation. The CO2 production can also be corrosive for the concrete surfaces. Effectiveness of CO2 stripping to improve solids settling was investigated using the sludge volume index (SVI) as the indicator parameter. Carbon dioxide was stripped by aeration from the sludge samples. Results from the study show that aeration also increased the pH values in the mixed liquor while removing CO2 and improving sludge settling. After 10 minutes of aeration at a rate of 0.37 m3 air/m3 water/min, 90% CO2 stripping was achieved. Based on the 30 min settling tests, the SVI increased by 26±1 % after CO2 stripping while the pH increased by 0.8±0.1 pH units.
Connectedness of ideal topological spaces
Authors: Modak Shyamapada , Noiri Takashi
Published: June 2015

In this paper we introduce and study of new types of connectedness in an
ideal topological space. We also interrelate these connectedness with
connectedness which are already in literature.
Iterative approximation of fixed points of generalized weak Presic type k-step iterative method for a class of operators
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Ilic Dejan , Nazir Talat
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we study the convergence of the generalized weak Presic type
k-step iterative method for a class of operators f:Xk ? X satisfying Presic
type contractive conditions. We also obtain the global attractivity results
for a class of matrix difference equations.
Distance integral complete r-partite graphs
Authors: Yang Ruosong , Wang Ligong
Published: June 2015

Let D(G)=(dij)nxn denote the distance matrix of a connected graph G with
order n, where dij is equal to the distance between vertices vi and vj in G.
A graph is called distance integral if all eigenvalues of its distance
matrix are integers. In this paper, we investigate distance integral
complete r-partite graphs Kp1,p2,...,pr = Ka1?p1,a2?p2,...,as?ps and give a
sufficient and necessary condition for Ka1?p1,a2?p2,...,as?ps to be distance
integral, from which we construct infinitely many new classes of distance
integral graphs with s = 1,2,3,4. Finally, we propose two basic open
problems for further study.
Remark on Sheffer polynomials
Authors: Rapeli S.J. , Shah Pratik , Shukla A.K.
Published: June 2015

This paper deals with some theorems on Sheffer A-type zero polynomial sets.
On decompositions via generalized closedness in ideal spaces
Authors: Ekici Erdal , Elmalı Özlem
Published: June 2015

The aim of the present paper is to introduce and study the notions of
RPI-sets, RPCI-sets and RCI-sets. Properties of RPI-sets, RPCI-sets and
RCI-sets are investigated. Also, various decompositions in ideal spaces are
established via generalized closedness with RPI-sets, RPCI-sets and RCI-sets.
Assessing the Reliability and Validity of a Physical Therapy Functional Measurement Tool—the Modified Iowa Level of Assistance Scale—in Acute Hospital Inpatients
Authors: Kimmel Lara A. , Elliott Jane E. , Sayer James M. , Holland Anne E.
Published: June 2015

Background

Functional outcome measurement tools exist for individual diagnoses (eg, stroke), but no prospectively validated mobility measure is available for physical therapists' use across the breadth of acute hospital inpatients. The modified Iowa Level of Assistance Scale (mILOA), a scale measuring assistance required to achieve functional tasks, has demonstrated functional change in inpatients with orthopedic conditions and trauma, although its psychometric properties are unknown.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess interrater reliability, known-groups validity, and responsiveness of the mILOA in acute hospital inpatients.

Design

This was a cohort, measurement-focused study.

Methods

Patients at a large teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia, were recruited. One hundred fifty-two inpatients who were functionally stable across 5 clinical groups had an mILOA score calculated during 2 independent physical therapy sessions to assess interrater reliability. Known-groups validity (“ready for discharge”/“not ready for discharge”) and responsiveness also were assessed.

Results

The mean age of participants in the reliability phase of the study was 62.5 years (SD=17.7). The interrater reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [2,1]=.975; 95% confidence interval=.965, .982), with a mean difference between scores of −.270 and limits of agreement of ±5.64. The mILOA score displayed a mean difference between 2 known groups of 15.3 points. Responsiveness was demonstrated with a minimal detectable change of 5.8 points.

Limitations

Participants were included in the study if able to give consent for themselves, thereby limiting generalizability. Construct validity was not assessed due to the lack of a gold standard.

Conclusions

The mILOA has excellent interrater reliability and good known-groups validity and responsiveness to functional change across acute hospital inpatients with a variety of diagnoses. It may provide opportunities for physical therapists to collect a functional outcome measure to demonstrate the effectiveness of inpatient therapy and allow for benchmarking across institutions.
Ethnoarchaeological Study of Brewing Technology in Wallaga Region of Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Wayessa Bula Sirika , Lyons Diane , Kooyman Brian
Published: June 2015

In Wallaga, local beer (farso) is one of the most common alcoholic beverages. The beverage is prepared from cereals such as sorghum, millet, maize and barley and an additive plant known as gesho (Rhamnus prinoides). The beer is fermented in a ceramic jar known as huuroo. The brewing process causes pitting in the interior walls. Because most fermentation processes cause pitting of ceramic vessels, use alteration analysis cannot specifically identify past beer brewing practice. Ethnoarchaeological research of beer fermentation in Wallaga shows that in addition to erosion of interior walls of beer jars, the beer fermentation process results in the deposition of residues on the interior walls of the vessels. This residue from beer brewing is different from residue left by other processes because it includes ingredients not incorporated into other foods. As a result, plant microresidue analysis of archaeological ceramics can help to identify past brewing practices and major ingredients of indigenous beer.
Next Generation Solar Cells Based on Graded Bandgap Device Structures Utilising Rod-Type Nano-Materials
Authors: Dharmadasa Imyhamy , Ojo Ayotunde , Salim Hussein , Dharmadasa Ruvini
Published: June 2015

Current solar cells under research and development utilise mainly one absorber layer limiting the photon harvesting capabilities. In order to develop next generation solar cells, research should move towards effective photon harvesting methods utilising low-cost solar energy materials. This will lead to reduce the $W−1 figure for direct solar energy conversion to electrical energy. In this work, a graded bandgap solar cell has been designed to absorb all photons from the UV, visible and IR regions. In addition, impurity PV effect and impact ionisation have been incorporated to enhance charge carrier creation within the same device. This new design has been experimentally tested using the most researched MOCVD grown GaAs/AlGaAs system, in order to confirm its validity. Devices with high Voc ~ 1175 mV and the highest possible FF ~ (0.85–0.87) have been produced, increasing the conversion efficiency to ~20% within only two growth runs. These devices were also experimentally tested for the existence of impurity PV effect and impact ionisation. The devices are PV active in complete darkness producing over 800 mV, Voc indicating the harvesting of IR radiation from the surroundings through impurity PV effect. The quantum efficiency measurements show over 140% signal confirming the contribution to PV action from impact ionisation. Since the concept is successfully proven, the low-cost and scalable electrodeposited semiconducting layers are used to produce graded bandgap solar cell structures. The utilisation of nano- and micro-rod type materials in graded bandgap devices are also presented and discussed in this paper. Preliminary work on glass/FTO/n-ZnS/n-CdS/n-CdTe/Au graded bandgap devices show 10%–12% efficient devices indicating extremely high Jsc values ~48 mA·cm−2, showing the high potential of these devices in achieving higher efficiencies. The detailed results on these low-cost and novel graded bandgap devices are presented in a separate publication.
Azospirillum brasilense Enhances Recycling of Fish Effluent to Support Growth of Tomato Seedlings
Authors: Mangmang Jonathan , Deaker Rosalind , Rogers Gordon
Published: June 2015

Increasing environmental concerns and growing demand for safer and sustainable food production presents significant challenges for agricultural production. One potential technique, which could help improve crop productivity without adverse impact on the environment, is the use of beneficial microbes in crop production systems. This study evaluated the effects of three Azospirillum brasilense strains on tomato seedlings fertilized with effluent from freshwater fish aquaculture. Seeds were inoculated with A. brasilense strains Sp7, Sp7-S and Sp245 before sowing and after transplanting. Seedlings were raised under controlled greenhouse conditions with natural light. Inoculated seedlings produced longer roots (67%), bigger leaves (22%), higher seedling biomass (>33%), and greater protein (15%) and endogenous plant IAA (94%) contents. Inoculation with Sp7 and Sp245 increased the number of leaves and stem diameter by 8 and 10%, respectively. Seedling height was also increased by inoculation, but only with Sp7. In addition, seedlings inoculated with strains Sp7-S and Sp245 had higher total phosphorus content, while inoculation with Sp245 increased the activity of the enzyme peroxidase, which suggests that plant defense responses had been triggered. The result demonstrates the potential of the applied A. brasilense strains to enhance the usefulness of fish effluent as fertilizer for tomato seedling production.
Detection of miR-33 Expression and the Verification of Its Target Genes in the Fatty Liver of Geese
Authors: Zheng Yun , Jiang Shibei , Zhang Yihui , Zhang Rui , Gong Daoqing
Published: June 2015

Background: miRNAs are single-stranded, small RNA molecules with a length of 18–25 nucleotides. They bind to the 3′ untranslated regions of mRNA transcripts to reduce the translation of these transcripts or to cause their degradation. The roles of these molecules differ in biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and tumor genesis. miRNA-33 is encoded by the gene introns of proteins that bind sterol-regulatory elements. This molecule cooperates with these proteins to control cholesterol homeostasis, fatty acid levels and the genes that are related to the expression of fat metabolism. The examination of miR-33 expression and its target genes can promote the in-depth study of the miRNA regulation mechanism in the formation process of goose fatty liver and can lay a foundation for research into human fatty liver. Methodology/principal findings: (1) Through real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan MicroRNA Assay), we detected the expression of miR-33 during the feeding of Landes geese. The expression level of miR-33 increases significantly in the liver after 19 days in comparison with the control group; (2) By using the bioinformatics software programs TargetScan, miRDB and miRCosm to predict the target genes of miR-33 according to laboratory prophase transcriptome results and references, we screen nine target genes: adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporters A1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporters G1, Neimann Pick C, carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CROT), cyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase, beta subunit (HADHB), AMP-activated protein kinase, alpha subunit 1 (AMPKα1), insulin receptor substrate 2, glutamic pyruvate transaminase and adipose differentiation-related protein. The dual luciferase reporter gene system in the CHO cell line verifies that CROT, HADHB and NPC1 are the target genes of miR-33 in geese. The inhibition rate of CROT is highest and reaches 70%; (3) The seed sequence (5′ 2–8 bases) is the acting site of miR-33. The two predicted target sites of CROT are the target sites of miR-33. Moreover, the predicted target site of HADHB and NPC1 is the target site of miR-33. Conclusions/significance: (1) After 19 days of overfeeding, the expression level of miR-33 increases significantly in the livers of geese; (2) CROT, HADHB and NPC1 are the target genes of miR-33 in geese. These genes determine the combined target site.
Cultivation, Genetic, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Leaves: An Overview
Authors: Leone Alessandro , Spada Alberto , Battezzati Alberto , Schiraldi Alberto , Aristil Junior , Bertoli Simona
Published: June 2015

Moringa oleifera is an interesting plant for its use in bioactive compounds. In this manuscript, we review studies concerning the cultivation and production of moringa along with genetic diversity among different accessions and populations. Different methods of propagation, establishment and cultivation are discussed. Moringa oleifera shows diversity in many characters and extensive morphological variability, which may provide a resource for its improvement. Great genetic variability is present in the natural and cultivated accessions, but no collection of cultivated and wild accessions currently exists. A germplasm bank encompassing the genetic variability present in Moringa is needed to perform breeding programmes and develop elite varieties adapted to local conditions. Alimentary and medicinal uses of moringa are reviewed, alongside the production of biodiesel. Finally, being that the leaves are the most used part of the plant, their contents in terms of bioactive compounds and their pharmacological properties are discussed. Many studies conducted on cell lines and animals seem concordant in their support for these properties. However, there are still too few studies on humans to recommend Moringa leaves as medication in the prevention or treatment of diseases. Therefore, further studies on humans are recommended.
The Routes of Emergence of Life from LUCA during the RNA and Viral World: A Conspectus
Authors: Jheeta Sohan
Published: June 2015

How did life emerge on Earth? The aim of the Network of Researchers on Horizontal Gene Transfer and the Last Universal Cellular Ancestor (NoR HGT & LUCA) is to understand how the genetics of LUCAs were reorganised prior to the advent of the three domains of life. This paper reports the research of eminent scientists who have come together within the network and are making significant contributions to the wider knowledge base surrounding this, one of science’s remaining mysteries. I also report on their relevance in relation to LUCAs and life’s origins, as well as ask a question: what next?
Activation of RAF1 (c-RAF) by the Marine Alkaloid Lasonolide A Induces Rapid Premature Chromosome Condensation
Authors: Jossé Rozenn , Zhang Yong-Wei , Giroux Valentin , Ghosh Arun , Luo Ji , Pommier Yves
Published: June 2015

Lasonolide A (LSA), a potent antitumor polyketide from the marine sponge, Forcepia sp., induces rapid and reversible protein hyperphosphorylation and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) at nanomolar concentrations independent of cyclin-dependent kinases. To identify cellular targets of LSA, we screened 2951 shRNAs targeting a pool of human kinases and phosphatases (1140 RefSeqs) to identify genes that modulate PCC in response to LSA. This led to the identification of RAF1 (C-RAF) as a mediator of LSA-induced PCC, as shRNAs against RAF1 conferred resistance to LSA. We found that LSA induced RAF1 phosphorylation on Serine 338 within minutes in human colorectal carcinoma HCT-116, ovarian carcinoma OVCAR-8, and Burkitt’s lymphoma CA46 cell lines. RAF1 depletion by siRNAs attenuated LSA-induced PCC in HCT-116 and OVCAR-8 cells. Furthermore, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) with homozygous deletion in Raf1, but not deletion in the related kinase Braf, were resistant to LSA-induced PCC. Complementation of Raf1−/− MEFs with wild-type human RAF1, but not with kinase-dead RAF1 mutant, restored LSA-induced PCC. Finally, the Raf inhibitor sorafenib, but not the MEK inhibitor AZD6244, effectively suppressed LSA-induced PCC. Our findings implicate a previously unknown, MAPK-independent role of RAF1 in chromatin condensation and potent activation of this pathway by LSA.
Studies on Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Potential of Vinpocetine
Authors: Manda Vamshi , Avula Bharathi , Dale Olivia , Chittiboyina Amar , Khan Ikhlas , Walker Larry , Khan Shabana
Published: June 2015

Background: Vinpocetine, a semi-synthetic derivative of vincamine, is a popular dietary supplement used for the treatment of several central nervous system related disorders. Despite its wide use, no pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies are reported in the literature. Due to increasing use of dietary supplements in combination with conventional drugs, the risk of adverse effects is on the rise. As a preliminary step to predict a possibility of drug interaction during concomitant use of vinpocetine and conventional drugs, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vinpocetine on three main regulators of pharmacokinetic drug interactions namely, cytochromes P450 (CYPs), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and Pregnane X receptor (PXR). Methods: Inhibition of CYPs was evaluated by employing recombinant enzymes. The inhibition of P-gp was determined by calcein-AM uptake method in transfected and wild type MDCKII cells. Modulation of PXR activity was monitored through a reporter gene assay in HepG2 cells. Results: Vinpocetine showed a strong inhibition of P-gp (EC50 8 µM) and a moderate inhibition of recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 2.8 and 6.5 µM) with no activity towards CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes. In HLM, competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 (IC50 54 and Ki 19 µM) and non-competitive inhibition of CYP2D6 (IC50 19 and Ki 26 µM) was observed. Activation of PXR was observed only at the highest tested concentration of vinpocetine (30 µM) while lower doses were ineffective. Conclusion: Strong inhibition of P-gp by vinpocetine is indicative of a possibility of drug interactions by altering the pharmacokinetics of drugs, which are the substrates of P-gp. However, the effects on CYPs and PXR indicate that vinpocetine may not affect CYP-mediated metabolism of drugs, as the inhibitory concentrations are much greater than the expected plasma concentrations in humans.
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of CFRP Laminates Incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Borowski Elisa , Soliman Eslam , Kandil Usama , Taha Mahmoud
Published: June 2015

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates exhibit limited fracture toughness due to characteristic interlaminar fiber-matrix cracking and delamination. In this article, we demonstrate that the fracture toughness of CFRP laminates can be improved by the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Experimental investigations and numerical modeling were performed to determine the effects of using MWCNTs in CFRP laminates. The CFRP specimens were produced using an epoxy nanocomposite matrix reinforced with carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH–MWCNTs). Four MWCNTs contents of 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% per weight of the epoxy resin/hardener mixture were examined. Double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were performed to determine the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of the unidirectional CFRP composites. This composite material property was quantified using the critical energy release rate, GIC. The experimental results show a 25%, 20%, and 17% increase in the maximum interlaminar fracture toughness of the CFRP composites with the addition of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% MWCNTs, respectively. Microstructural investigations using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verify that chemical reactions took place between the COOH–MWCNTs and the epoxy resin, supporting the improvements experimentally observed in the interlaminar fracture toughness of the CFRP specimens containing MWCNTs. Finite element (FE) simulations show good agreement with the experimental results and confirm the significant effect of MWCNTs on the interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP.
Approche démographique des pratiquants estivaux des sports de montagne secourus en France et campagnes corrélatives de prévention des accidents (Statistical approach of summer sports accidents in french mountains)
Authors: Fleury Bruno
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Tourism and sport activities in mountain develop a lot. These that practice them are exposed to many risks. It is indispensable to measure the rate of vulnerability ot the different activities, so as to elaborate campaigns of communication adapted for the public.