bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rescuing Psychoanalysis from Freud: The Common Project of Stekel, Jung and Ferenczi
Authors: Rudnytsky Peter L.
Published: April 2008

This article offers an extended discussion of Wilhelm Stekel's ‘On the History of the Analytic Movement’ (1926), published in English translation for the first time in Psychoanalysis and History 7(1) in 2005. It begins with a critique of the presentation of Stekel's text by Jaap Bos,who takes a purely rhetorical approach that seeks to exclude a psychological analysis of the author's motives. Bos's characterization of Stekel is likewise contested as unduly negative in crucial respects. The second section argues that it remains the task of the historian to search for truth. Attacks on the credibility of Jung by Harold Blum and Kurt Eissler are shown to reflect a bias that causes them to neglect the empirical evidence corroborating Jung's testimony concerning key events in his relationship to Freud. The third section lays out the numerous ways in which Stekel, Jung and Ferenczi independently arrived at remarkably similar judgements concerning Freud's character, and how his human failings exerted a harmful effect on the development of psychoanalysis. The final section moves to a discussion of how Stekel joins with Jung and Ferenczi in defining a common project of rescuing what is best in psychoanalysis from Freud's demands for personal loyalty and his attempts to subjugate his followers to intellectual tyranny.
Conversation with a Truth Seeker
Authors: Bos Jaap
Published: April 2008

This paper is an invited response to Peter Rudnytsky's ‘Guardians of truth’ article. Taking issue with what are presented as fundamental theoretical and methodological caveats, this article discusses the question of when and how differing discourses on the history of psychoanalysis may or may not be compatible. In particular the author questions the validity of a concept of truth as defined from within a field of knowledge, to arrive at definitions of discourse and dialogue that can be useful to acquire new forms of knowledge.
George Wilbur: Otto Rank and Hanns Sachs
Authors: Roazen Paul
Published: April 2008

George Wilbur, a pioneering Cape Cod psychoanalytic psychiatrist, was a longstanding editor of the journal American Imago, and an excellent source of information about the Viennese analysts Otto Rank and Hanns Sachs. Wilbur was also knowledgeable about the early reception of psychoanalysis in the Boston community.
Melanie Klein and Repression: An Examination of Some Unpublished Notes of 1934
Authors: Hinshelwood R.D.
Published: April 2008

Fifteen pages of unpublished Notes were found in the Melanie Klein Archives dating from early 1934, a crucial moment in Klein's development. She was at this time, 1934, moving away from child analysis, whilst also rethinking and revising her allegiance to Karl Abraham's theory of the phases of libidinal development. These Notes, entitled ‘Early Repression Mechanism’, show Klein struggling to develop what became her characteristic theories of the depressive position and the paranoid-schizoid position. Although these Notes are precursors of the paper Klein gave later to the IPA Congress in 1934, they also show the origins of the emphasis she and her followers eventually gave to ‘splitting’ rather than repression. The Notes give us an insight into the way that she worked clinically at the time. We see Klein's confidence develop as she diverged from the classical theories and technique. Her ideas were based on close attention to the detail of her clinical material, rather than attacking theoretical problems directly. The Notes show her method of struggling to her own conclusions, and they offer us a chance to grasp the roots of the subsequent controversy over Kleinian thought.
Freud & Co.
Authors: Molnar Michael
Published: April 2008

A previously unknown photograph of the old Emanuel Freud with his youngest daughter Bertha inspires an attempt to salvage what can be rescued of these lost lives and reminds us that history is always incomplete. Emanuel's appearances in Freud's dreams exemplify the dream-like aspects of the photographic image, which momentarily highlights particular aspects of the sitter while neglecting others. Examining photographs for documentation involves a reappraisal of the language of historical evidence.
Cultural History and Psychoanalysis
Authors: Loewenberg Peter
Published: April 2008

There is a congruence of hermeneutic method between cultural history and psychoanalysis which includes a recognition of the subjectivity and self-reflexivity of interpretation and of the centrality of emotions in the structuring of historical motivation and action. Psychoanalysis is a humanistic discipline that offers tentative multi-causal conclusions, combining in its method both self-reflection and empiricism, but basing itself on a unique process of inquiry different from either the natural or the cultural sciences. Distinguished shapers of the historian's craft, including Dilthey, Collingwood, and Bloch, used the self as an instrument of research and insight. Freud was a cultural pessimist, as was Burckhardt whom he admired. Leading contemporary American historians, such as Williamson, foreground self-reflection as an acknowledged tool of historical discovery and cognition. The Bauhaus, 1919–1933, is presented as a case study of creative group process utilizing Winnicott's concepts of transitional space.
Freud and Cultural History
Authors: Burke Peter
Published: April 2008

This article is concerned with three questions. Can historians make use of Freud's ideas? Have they done so in the past? Should they do so in the future? It begins with a personal encounter with Freud's ideas and then raises some general questions about the relation between psychoanalysis and history.
Is There Still an Unknown Freud? A Note on the Publications of Freud's Texts and on Unpublished Documents
Authors: Falzeder Ernst
Published: April 2008

This article presents an overview of the existing editions of what Freud wrote (works, letters, manuscripts and drafts, diaries and calendar notes, dedications and margin notes in books, case notes, and patient calendars) and what he is recorded as having said (minutes of meetings, interviews, memoirs of and interviews with patients, family members, and followers, and other quotes). There follows a short overview of biographies of Freud and other documentation on his life. It is concluded that a wealth of material is now available to Freud scholars, although more often than not this information is used in a biased and partisan way.
St Trolla's Chapel, Kintradwell, Sutherland: The occupants of the Medieval burial ground and their patron saint
Authors: Lelong Olivia , Roberts Julie A.
Published: April 2008

Summary

The chance discovery of burials at the traditional site of St Trolla's Chapel, Kintradwell, near Brora, led to their rescue excavation and subsequent analysis. The results confirm that this was the site of a chapel in the Medieval period, with radiocarbon dates indicating the use of the burial ground from the earlier 11th to the 16th or 17th centuries. The skeletal remains reveal something of the personal histories of the occupants, with evidence for warfare, hard labour, injury through accident and a possible case of congenital syphilis. The site's association with St Triduana and the concentration of late Iron Age remains and Pictish sculpture in the vicinity together suggest an earlier, Pictish origin for the chapel.
A Medieval Burial from Graham Street, Leith, Edinburgh
Authors: Duffy Paul R. J. , Lelong Olivia
Published: April 2008

Summary

An archaeological excavation was carried out at Graham Street, Leith, Edinburgh by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) as part of the Historic Scotland Human Remains Call-off Contract following the discovery of human remains during machine excavation of a foundation trench for a new housing development. Excavation demonstrated that the burial was that of a young adult male who had been interred in a supine position with his head orientated towards the north. Radiocarbon dates obtained from a right tibia suggest the individual died between the 15th and 17th centuries AD. Little contextual information exists in documentary or cartographic sources to supplement this scant physical evidence. Accordingly, it is difficult to further refine the context of burial, although a possible link with a historically attested siege or a plague cannot be discounted.
Waste Cooking Oil as an Alternate Feedstock for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Chhetri Arjun B. , Watts K. Chris , Islam M. Rafiqul
Published: April 2008

As crude oil price reach a new high, the need for developing alternate fuels has become acute. Alternate fuels should be economically attractive in order to compete with currently used fossil fuels. In this work, biodiesel (ethyl ester) was prepared from waste cooking oil collected from a local restaurant in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Ethyl alcohol with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst was used for the transesterification process. The fatty acid composition of the final biodiesel esters was determined by gas chromatography. The biodiesel was characterized by its physical and fuel properties including density, viscosity, acid value, flash point, cloud point, pour point, cetane index, water and sediment content, total and free glycerin content, diglycerides and monoglycerides, phosphorus content and sulfur content according to ASTM standards. The viscosity of the biodiesel ethyl ester was found to be 5.03 mm2/sec at 40oC. The viscosity of waste cooking oil measured in room temperature (at 21° C) was 72 mm2/sec. From the tests, the flash point was found to be 164oC, the phosphorous content was 2 ppm, those of calcium and magnesium were 1 ppm combined, water and sediment was 0 %, sulfur content was 2 ppm, total acid number was 0.29 mgKOH/g, cetane index was 61, cloud point was -1oC and pour point was -16oC. Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oils for diesel substitute is particularly important because of the decreasing trend of economical oil reserves, environmental problems caused due to fossil fuel use and the high price of petroleum products in the international market.
Controlled Topology of Block Copolymer Gate Insulators by Selective Etching of Cylindrical Microdomains in Pentacene Organic Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Jo Pil Sung , Sung Jinwoo , Park Cheolmin , Kim Eunhye , Ryu Du Yeol , Pyo Seungmoon , Kim Ho‐Cheol , Hong Jae Min
Published: April 2008

We investigate the effect of surface topology of a block copolymer/neutral surface/SiO2 trilayered gate insulator on the properties of pentacene organic thin film transistor (OTFT) by the controlled etching of self assembled poly(styrene‐b‐methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) block copolymer. The rms roughness of the uppermost block copolymer film directly in contact with pentacenes was systematically controlled from 0.27 nm to approximately 12.5 nm by the selective etching of cylindrical PMMA microdomains hexagonally packed and aligned perpendicular to SiO2 layer with 20 and 38 nm of diameter and periodicity, respectively. Both mobility and On/Off ratio were significantly reduced by more than 3 orders of magnitudes with the film roughness in OTFTs having 60 nm thick pentacene active layer. The poor device performance observed with the etched thin film of block copolymer dielectric is attributed to a defective pentacene active layer and the mixed crystalline structure consisting of thin film and bulk phase arising from the massive nucleation of pentacene preferentially at the edge of each cylindrical etched hole.
Selective Determination of Dopamine on a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode Modified with Gold Nanoparticle/Polyelectrolyte‐coated Polystyrene Colloids
Authors: Wei Min , Sun Li‐Guo , Xie Zhuo‐Ying , Zhii Jin‐Fang , Fujishima Akira , Einaga Yasuaki , Fu De‐Gang , Wang Xue‐Mei , Gu Zhong‐Ze
Published: April 2008

Negatively charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a polyelectrolyte (PE) have been assembled alternately on a polystyrene (PS) colloid by a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembly technique to form three‐dimensional (Au/PAH)4/(PSS/PAH)4 multilayer‐coated PS spheres (Au/PE/PS multilayer spheres). The Au/PE/PS multilayer spheres have been used to modify a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode. Cyclic voltammetry is utilized to investigate the properties of the modified electrode in a 1.0 M KCl solution that contains 5.0 × 10−3 M K3Fe(CN)6, and the result shows a dramatically decreased redox activity compared with the bare BDD electrode. The electrochemical behaviors of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on the bare and modified BDD electrode are studied. The cyclic voltammetric studies indicate that the negatively charged, three‐dimensional Au/PE/PS multilayer sphere‐modified electrodes show high electrocatalytic activity and promote the oxidation of DA, whereas they inhibit the electrochemical reaction of AA, and can effectively be used to determine DA in the presence of AA with good selectivity. The detection limit of DA is 0.8 × 10−6 M in a linear range from 5 × 10−6 to 100 × 10−6 M in the presence of 1 × 10−3 MAA.
1‐D dynamic modeling of SOFC with analytical solution for reacting gas‐flow problem
Authors: Qi Yutong , Huang Biao , Luo Jingli
Published: April 2008

A first principle one‐dimensional (1‐D) dynamic model for tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is developed. To convert the distributed model into a control relevant nonlinear state space model, an approximate analytical solution for reacting gas‐flow problem is proposed, and applied to the 1‐D SOFC dynamic model. Compared to numerical solutions, the proposed solution can significantly reduce requirements in computation, and thus, facilitate dynamic simulations and control applications. Distributed dynamic relations between current density and electromotive force (EMF) are investigated. Diffusion, inherent impedance, primary flow, heat transfer, and internal reforming/shifting reaction are considered simultaneously. Dynamic responses of the interested variables when external current, fuel and air inlet streams are perturbed by step changes are investigated through simulations. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008.
Neurotrophic factor‐related gene polymorphisms and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score in a high‐risk male population
Authors: Conner Alex C. , Kissling Christian , Hodges Edward , Hünnerkopf Regina , Clement R. Marc , Dudley Edward , Freitag Christine M. , Rösler Michael , Retz Wolfgang , Thome Johannes
Published: April 2008

Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widely under‐reported but nevertheless common condition with a clear heritable component. Several genes have been proposed to play a role in the childhood onset of this neurodevelopmental disorder; however, association studies of persistence of ADHD into adulthood have rarely been performed. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are known to be involved in several aspects of neuronal development and neural plasticity in adults. They have also been linked, particularly through brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) interaction with dopamine transport, to the pathophysiology of ADHD. This study compares the genotypes of six different single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes within the neurotrophin system and their possible association with adult ADHD score in 143 high‐risk male subjects referred to a forensic psychiatric unit. The genes included NTF3, NTRK2 (TrkB), NTRK3 (TrkC), BDNF, and p75NTR. While none of the SNPs showed significant association with ADHD symptoms, one polymorphism within the exon of NTF3 (rs6332) showed a trend toward an association between the A‐allele and increased scores using both the retrospective childhood analysis Wender–Utah Rating Scale (WURS‐k) (P = 0.05) and the adult ADHD assessment Wender–Reimherr interview (P = 0.03). This SNP is a silent mutation which might be in linkage disequilibrium with a functional risk variant for ADHD. As the association was only suggestive, however, this finding needs replication in a larger study with higher power. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wie wird Sauerstoff in Oxide eingebaut? Kinetische Studie einer “simplen” Feststoffreaktion am Modellmaterial SrTiO3
Authors: Merkle Rotraut , Maier Joachim
Published: April 2008

Die Kinetik der Stöchiometrieänderung eines Oxids – zugleich Beispiel einer (nominell) einfachen Festkörperreaktion und Grundlage vieler technisch relevanter Vorgänge – wird untersucht und im Detail analysiert. Als Modellreaktion wurde der Sauerstoffeinbau in Strontiumtitanat gewählt. Der gesamte Prozess kann von der Oberflächenreaktion bis hin zum Volumentransport phänomenologisch und mechanistisch verstanden werden. Schlüssel hierzu sind ein genaues Verständnis der Defektchemie des Perowskits wie auch die Anwendung einer Vielzahl experimenteller und theoretischer Methoden, die zum Teil eigens im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung entwickelt wurden. Die Bedeutung von Reaktions‐ und Transportschritten für (elektro)chemische Anwendungen wird herausgestellt.
Influence of blending sequence on micro‐ and macrostructure of PA6/mEPDM/EPDMgMA blends reinforced with organoclay
Authors: Gallego R. , García‐López D. , López‐Quintana S. , Gobernado‐Mitre I. , Merino J. C. , Pastor J. M.
Published: April 2008

The structure of the PA6/mEPDM/EPDMgMA/organoclay ternary hybrids was characterized and related to its properties. The nanoblends were prepared through four different blending sequences based on one‐ or two‐step processes: (1) The PA6/organoclay nanocomposite was prepared and then mixed with the mEPDM+ EPDMgMA compound; (2) the mEPDM+EPDMgMA+ organoclay compound was first prepared and then mixed with PA6; (3) the PA6, mEPDM, EPDMgMA, and organoclays were blended in one step; and (4) the PA6/mEPDM/EPDMgMA blend was prepared and then mixed with the organoclay. The microscopic study of the nanoblends showed a relationship between the blending sequence and the dispersion of the organoclay and the rubber. Nevertheless, the mechanical characterization showed slight differences bet ween the blending sequence because of the presence of the organoclay in the matrix, rubber, or interface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Oral absorption enhancement of dipeptide L‐Glu‐L‐Trp‐OH by lipid and glycosyl conjugation
Authors: Bergeon Julie A. , Chan Yiu‐Ngok , Charles Bruce G. , Toth Istvan
Published: April 2008

In recent years, the conjugation of sugar moieties and lipoamino acids has been extensively investigated as a mean to enhance the stability towards enzymatic degradation and the permeability across biological membranes of poorly orally available drugs, including peptides. In this prospect, a library of novel derivatives of the dipeptide L‐Glu‐L‐Trp, a naturally occurring thymic immunomodulator with high hydrophilic character and low membrane permeability, was designed and synthesised by conjugating 2‐amino‐dodecanoic acid (C12) and/or 1‐amino‐β‐D‐glucuronic acid (GlcAN), β‐D‐glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylamine succinamic acid (GlsNS) residues to the Glu‐Trp scaffold, using an Fmoc solid‐phase peptide synthesis strategy on trichlorotrityl resin. A cellobiose derivative was also prepared in solution. The synthesized peptides showed no sign of toxicity to red blood cells at 200 μM (haemolysis assay) and their resistance against enzymatic hydrolysis, assessed in Caco‐2 homogenates, was usually significantly increased, particularly for the C‐terminal conjugates. Several derivatives also saw their apparent permeability values greatly enhanced and one of the conjugates tested proved to be able to release the initial dipeptide after penetrating Caco‐2 monolayers. An initial in vivo experiment was then carried out in male Wistar rats to examine the effect of conjugation on the absorption rate and bioavailability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 633–643, 2008.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
CT study on morphometry of frontal sinus
Authors: Tatlisumak Ertugrul , Ovali Gulgun Yilmaz , Asirdizer Mahmut , Aslan Asim , Ozyurt Beyhan , Bayindir Petek , Tarhan Serdar
Published: April 2008

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of the frontal sinus in an adult population. This study was conducted retrospectively on paranasal CT scans in the axial and coronal planes of 300 cases (123 male and 177 female). The mean age was 40.74 ± 13.34 (range 20–83). Measurements of the width, height and anteroposterior length for each sinus and total width were obtained from CT scans. Measurements were compared statistically with relation to side and sex. The cases were divided into subgroups according to age for each sex and each measurement parameter was also compared among the subgroups. All measurements tended to be larger on the left side and were significantly larger in males than females. There was a significant difference in the anteroposterior lengths of right and left sides in both males and females and height for males and width for females. In both sexes, the highest values of measurements were usually observed at the 31–40 age group and there was a tendency to decrease with aging. The larger diameters of the left frontal sinus imply that it may be more possibly violated during surgical interventions. Morphometric features differed significantly in the two sexes at different ages and comparison with previous studies presented great regional variability. The size of the frontal sinus was seen to be related to age and sex. The knowledge provided in the present study is useful for some surgical procedures and widens the anthropometric knowledge of humanity. Clin. Anat. 21:287–293, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demonstration of an anomalous connection between the left coronary artery and the pulmonary artery using a multislice CT 64
Authors: Castorina S. , Mignosa C. , Degno S. , Bianca I. , Salvo D. , Tolaro S. , Luca T. , Privitera G. , Riccioli V.
Published: April 2008

In this article, we describe two cases of anomalous connection of the left coronary artery. The first case is an infant of 4 years with an anomalous origin of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and the diagonal branches and a circumflex artery which originated from the pulmonary artery. The second case is an adult of 50 years with the coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly with an incidence of 0.25% among all congenital heart defects (Parale and Pawar [2006], J Assoc Physicians India 54:397–399). The originality of this communication consists in the use of a multislice CT scanner as a support for the angiography. The result is an original image with three dimensional details; in the case of the infant, it was determinant in the choice of the surgical approach. Clin. Anat. 21:319–324, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cubital fossa venipuncture sites based on anatomical variations and relationships of cutaneous veins and nerves
Authors: Yamada Kouji , Yamada Keiki , Katsuda Iturou , Hida Takehiko
Published: April 2008

Venipuncture is a routine procedure performed at medical institutions for blood collection and blood donation, as well as for health screening and testing. Venipuncture is invasive and usually mildly painful, but it occasionally causes internal bleeding and chronic persistent pain, which is referred to as complex regional pain syndrome. The most common site of venipuncture is the upper arm. The present study macroscopically and anatomically ascertained positional relationships between cutaneous nerves and veins in the cubital (aka antecubital) fossa in many cadaveric dissections to determine the risk of peripheral nerve injury during venipuncture. We identified the most suitable venipuncture site in the upper arm. The medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (MCNF) passed above the median cubital vein (MCBV) in 27 of 128 cases (21.1%), and was located inferior to the MCBV in 37 of 128 cases (28.9%). The MCBV also passed above the lateral cutaneous nerve forearm (LCNF) in 8 of 128 cases (6.2%). The LCNF was located deeper than the MCBV in 56 of 128 cases (43.8%). The distribution of cutaneous veins and nerves widely varies, and while no single area suitable for all individuals was identified, puncture of the MCBV near the cephalic vein is the least likely to cause nerve damage. Clin. Anat. 21:307–313, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clubbed fingers: Radiological evaluation of the nail bed thickness
Authors: Moreira Ana‐Luiza S. , Porto Nelson S. , Moreira José S. , Ulbrich‐Kulczynski Jane M. , Irion Klaus L.
Published: April 2008

It is established that there is an increase in soft tissue of the clubbed digits as demonstrated on previous histopathological examinations. In the present study, the nail bed thickness was assessed and measured on plain radiographs of index fingers in two groups of patients: one group with lung disease and fingers clubbing and one group of normal controls. A vertical x‐ray beam was used with a focus‐film distance of 1.0 m, with the index finger placed in lateral view directly over the film, without anti‐diffusion grid. Three investigators, blinded to prevent bias measured the thickness of soft tissues between the nail root and the terminal phalanx on the radiographs. This method was used to evaluate a group of 85 clinically clubbed (hyponychial angle > 192.0°) adult patients with lung disease and a control group of a 100 normal adult individuals with no clubbing (hyponychial angle < 188.0°). The mean nail bed thickness in the patients with clubbing (n = 85) was 3.88 ± 0.55 mm (3.00–5.50 mm). In comparison, in the normal subjects (n = 100), the mean was 2.38 ± 0.27 mm (1.75–3.10 mm), revealing a significant difference (P < 0.001). Only two normal individuals presented nail bed thickness ≥3.0 mm. A good interobserver agreement on the measurements was found (P > 0.900). The radiographic evaluation of the nail bed thickness was easily performed, with good interobserver concordance. It is possible to distinguish between clubbed from nonclubbed fingers, in vivo, using plain radiograph. Clin. Anat. 21:314–318, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Original brands and counterfeit brands—do they have anything in common?
Authors: Penz Elfriede , Stöttinger Barbara
Published: April 2008

Consumer decisions to purchase fakes instead of originals has developed into a major concern for brand manufacturers worldwide. This research looks at the customers' understanding of the key concepts “original brand” and “counterfeit brand.” Using the theory of social representations helped to gain rich insight into the consumers' perception of counterfeit brands in the light of their counterpart original brands, to determine the main differences and similarities, and to identify core aspects and relative evaluations of these two concepts. Taken collectively, the results indicate that, based on single associations, respondents' mental maps of the two concepts do not overlap. It seems that they have a clear picture of what they get with the purchase of original brands versus counterfeits. Although similar attributes to evaluate “original brand” and “counterfeit brand” were used (quality and price), they contribute differently to the nature of the concepts. The benefits of both categories are strongly related to consumers' norms prevalent in their social environment.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Societal and individualistic drivers as predictors of organic purchasing revealed through a portrait value questionnaire (PVQ)‐based inventory
Authors: Krystallis Athanassios , Vassallo Marco , Chryssohoidis George , Perrea Toula
Published: April 2008

The Schwartz's Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ) has extensively been used in personal values research. The present survey validates and tests in a value‐based segmentation task a 17‐item PVQ‐based inventory that includes consumer values related to organic food purchasing, using a nationally representative sample of 1043 Greek consumers. The main assumption of the survey is that consumer segments that place more emphasis on specific organic food‐related values would present different magnitude of beliefs and purchasing behaviour towards organic products. Two 2nd‐order value factors (named ‘individualistic’ and ‘societal’, respectively) emerged from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses comprising 14 out of the initial 17 PVQ values. In the next phase of the analysis, hierarchical clustering was implemented based on those factors. Through the clusters emerged, a clear relation between consumers' ‘societal’ (universalism and benevolence) value similarity, higher frequency of organic purchasing and higher likelihood of organic‐related beliefs was clearly identified. This fact supports the applicability of the PVQ typology in predicting consumer behaviour in various product contexts.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Staged percutaneous atrial septal defect closure and pulmonic balloon valvuloplasty in an adult with congenital heart disease
Authors: Vera Jesus A. , Nounou Majed , Kern Morton
Published: April 2008

Combined atrial septal defect and pulmonic stenosis, while a common occurrence in children, is relatively uncommon in adults. There is no widely accepted order in which the defects should be corrected. We report a case that highlights the hemodynamics and the technical dilemma of deciding which lesion to correct first. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical activity and obesity in Canadian cancer survivors
Authors: Courneya Kerry S. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Bacon Eric
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND.

Physical inactivity and obesity are associated with poorer disease outcomes in several cancer survivor groups. Few studies, however, have provided population‐based estimates of these risk factors in cancer survivors and compared them with individuals without a history of cancer. Here such estimates for the Canadian population are reported.

METHODS.

Data were obtained from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey consisting of computer‐assisted interviews of 114,355 adults representing an estimated 23,285,548 Canadians. Participants self‐reported their cancer history, height, and body weight to calculate body mass index and participation in various leisure‐time activities.

RESULTS.

Fewer than 22% of Canadian cancer survivors were physically active and over 18% were obese. Few differences were observed between cancer survivors and those without a history of cancer except that: 1) prostate cancer survivors were more likely to be active (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.59) and less likely to be obese (adjusted OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.56–0.90); 2) skin cancer survivors (nonmelanoma and melanoma) were more likely to be active (adjusted OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.12–1.59); and 3) obese breast cancer survivors were less likely to be active compared with obese women without a history of cancer (adjusted OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.27–0.94).

CONCLUSIONS.

Canadian cancer survivors have low levels of physical activity and a high prevalence of obesity that, although comparable to the general population, may place them at higher risk for poorer disease outcomes. Population‐based interventions to increase physical activity and promote a healthy body weight in Canadian cancer survivors are warranted. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Malignant primary cardiac tumors
Authors: Simpson Lijo , Kumar Shaji K. , Okuno Scott H. , Schaff Hartzell V. , Porrata Luis F. , Buckner Jan C. , Moynihan Timothy J.
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND.

Primary cardiac sarcomas are uncommon. The authors undertook to review the Mayo Clinic's experience with primary cardiac sarcomas consisting of 34 patients seen over a 32‐year period.

METHODS.

The patient database at the Mayo Clinic was searched to identify patients with malignant tumors of the heart seen during the 32‐year period between 1975 and 2007. Thirty‐four patients with primary cardiac sarcomas were identified and their medical records reviewed for details pertaining to presenting symptoms, staging modalities, treatment approaches, and outcomes.

RESULTS.

Of the 34 patients, 17 were men and 17 were women. The median age was 44 years. The mean duration of symptoms at the time of diagnosis was 3.6 months. The most common histologic type was angiosarcoma (41%). The median follow‐up for the entire group was 12 months (range, 0‐61 months). The median survival for those who underwent a complete surgical excision was 17 months compared with 6 months for those in whom a surgical complete remission could not be achieved (P = .01). Patients with angiosarcoma had a lower survival compared with patients with other histologies (5 months vs 17 months; P = .01). The median survival of patients with metastatic disease was 5 months versus 15 months in patients without metastatic disease (P = .03 by the log‐rank test).

CONCLUSIONS.

Cardiac sarcomas remain a rare but lethal disease. Compared with extracardiac sarcomas, the prognosis for patients with cardiac sarcomas remains very poor. A complete surgical excision should be performed if possible. Innovative treatment strategies are required. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Peace, Equanimity, and Acceptance in the cancer experience (PEACE)
Authors: Mack Jennifer W. , Nilsson Matthew , Balboni Tracy , Friedlander Robert J. , Block Susan D. , Trice Elizabeth , Prigerson Holly G.
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND.

The role of emotional acceptance of a terminal illness in end‐of‐life (EOL) care is not known. The authors developed a measure of peaceful acceptance at the EOL, and evaluated the role of peaceful acceptance in EOL decision‐making and care.

METHODS.

The authors developed the Peace, Equanimity, and Acceptance in the Cancer Experience (PEACE) questionnaire to measure the extent to which patients with advanced cancer have a sense of peaceful acceptance of their terminal illness. The scale was administered to 160 patients with advanced cancer along with measures of other attributes that hypothetically are related to acceptance, including cognitive acceptance of terminal illness. EOL outcomes in 56 patients who died during the study also were examined.

RESULTS.

The 12‐item PEACE questionnaire had 2 subscales: a 7‐item Struggle With Illness subscale (Cronbach α = .81) and a 5‐item Peaceful Acceptance subscale (α = .78). Both subscales were associated with patients' self‐reported peacefulness (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.66 for acceptance [P <.0001]; r = −0.37 for struggle [P < .0001]). Struggle With Illness scores were associated with cognitive terminal illness acknowledgment (mean scores, 14.9 vs 12.4 for patients who were not aware that their illness was terminal; P = .001) and with some aspects of advance care planning (living will or healthcare proxy: mean scores, 13.9 vs 11.5; P = .02). In addition, among patients who had died, the use of a feeding tube at the EOL was associated inversely with Peaceful Acceptance (P = .015).

CONCLUSIONS.

The current study indicated that the PEACE questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of peaceful acceptance and struggle with illness. Scores were associated with some choices for EOL care among patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Outcomes after radiotherapy for basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Thariat Juliette , Ahamad Anesa , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Williams Michelle D. , Holsinger Floyd C. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Allen Pamela K. , Morrison William H. , Weber Randal S. , Ang K. Kian , Garden Adam S.
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is an uncommon, high‐grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. Its poorer prognosis compared with common SCC remains controversial. The authors investigated the outcomes of patients with BSCC who received radiotherapy and compared them with the outcomes of patients with SCC.

METHODS.

From 1994 to 2004, 1007 patients received radiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma with lymph node involvement. The histologic types consisted of 51 BSCC, 431 poorly differentiated SCC (PSCC), and 525 well or moderately differentiated SCC (WMSCC). A case–control analysis was performed with BSCC matched against both PSCC and WMSCC to compare disease‐control and survival rates.

RESULTS.

Patients with BSCC received treatment modalities similar to those received by patients with SCC: They received induction chemotherapy (12%) or concurrent chemotherapy (33%), and a median radiation dose of 70 Gray. Posttreatment viable tumor was present in 44%, 13%, and 28% of neck dissection specimens from patients with BSCC, PSCC, and WMSCC, respectively. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates (63%, 77%, and 76%, respectively) and overall survival rates (85%, 70%, and 71%, respectively) demonstrated no statistically significant differences for BSCC, PSCC, or WMSCC, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS.

In this study, a poorer prognosis could not be demonstrated for irradiated patients with BSCC compared with either PSCC or WMSCC. All patients in this study had positive lymph node status, and the majority of patients (84%) had oropharyngeal cancer. The BSCC cohort did have a relatively high rate of viable tumor in their posttreatment neck dissections, and they had a relatively high rate of distant disease. On the basis of the high rate of lung metastases and the possibility of efficient salvage, the authors recommend obtaining a chest computed tomography scan during initial staging and follow‐up. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term outcomes in extremity soft tissue sarcoma after a pathologically negative re‐resection and without radiotherapy
Authors: Cahlon Oren , Spierer Marnee , Brennan Murray F. , Singer Samuel , Alektiar Kaled M.
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND.

The purpose was to define the rate of local recurrence (LR) and identify prognostic factors for LR in patients with extremity soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) treated with limb‐sparing surgery and a pathologically negative re‐resection specimen without radiotherapy (RT).

METHODS.

A review of the prospective sarcoma database identified 200 patients with primary, nonmetastatic, extremity STS treated with limb‐sparing surgery between June 1982 and December 2002 who had a pathologically confirmed negative re‐resection. None of the patients had adjuvant RT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine clinicopathologic factors associated with LR.

RESULTS.

With a median follow‐up of 82 months the 5‐year actuarial LR rate was 9%. Factors associated with higher LR rates on univariate and multivariate analysis were older age, stage III presentation, and histology. The 5‐year LR rate was 5% for those <50 compared with 15% for those ≥50 (P = .001). For patients with stage III the LR rate was 26% versus 7% for those with stage I/II (P < .001). On multivariate analysis only age ≥50 (relative risk [RR] 3.3; P = .02) and stage III disease (RR 3.4; P = .01) remained significant predictors for LR. When the cohort of patients was divided into 3 groups based on the number of risk factors present, the 5‐year LRs were as follows: no risk factors (stage I/II and <50 years old) 4%, 1 risk factor (stage III or ≥50) 12%, and 2 risk factors (stage III and ≥50) 31% (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS.

Patients with a pathologically negative re‐excision represent a heterogeneous group. Whereas the overall rate of local recurrence at 5 years was 9% for the entire cohort, patients with older age and/or stage III disease had a higher rate of LR. Therefore, treatment decisions especially with regard to adjuvant RT should be individualized and not be based solely on the finding of a negative re‐resection. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Should patients consider active surveillance?
Authors: Albertsen Peter
Published: April 2008

The aging population, the widespread use of prostate‐specific antigen testing, and the introduction of new genetic tests will continue to increase the number of incident cases of localized prostate cancer. Because many of these men harbor low‐risk disease, clinicians seriously should consider offering an active surveillance protocol.
Survivable traffic grooming with non‐service‐interruptive wavelength retuning in a WDM mesh network
Authors: Hu Weiwei , Hu Rose Qingyang , Qian Yi
Published: April 2008

This paper proposes a new survivable traffic grooming wavelength retuning (STGWR) scheme in an all‐optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network. In a dynamic WDM network, a connection may require a bandwidth less than a wavelength capacity. In addition, a connection should be protected against any network failures. Survivable traffic grooming (STG) can protect connections at subwavelength granularities. Wavelength retuning is a promising approach in an all‐optical WDM network, where a signal must remain on the same wavelength from its source to the destination, to alleviate the wavelength continuity constraint and reduce the connection blocking probability. Although both STG and wavelength retuning have attracted extensive research attentions nowadays, no effort has been made to combine these two promising approaches in one network. In this paper, we propose a wavelength retuning scheme with no service interruption in an all‐optical network with STG capability. The scheme allocates two routes, one for the active path and other for the backup path, in a shared mesh restoration manner to each incoming connection request and conducts wavelength retuning only on the backup path. Both wavelength retuning and mesh protection are done at the connection level instead of at the lightpath level. The simulation results of the proposed schemes are also presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ventral specification and perturbed boundary formation in the mouse midbrain in the absence of Hedgehog signaling
Authors: Fogel Jennifer L. , Chiang Chin , Huang Xi , Agarwala Seema
Published: April 2008

Although Hedgehog (HH) signaling plays a critical role in patterning the ventral midbrain, its role in early midbrain specification is not known. We examined the midbrains of sonic hedgehog (Shh) and smoothened (Smo) mutant mice where HH signaling is respectively attenuated and eliminated. We show that some ventral (Evx1+) cell fates are specified in the Shh−/− mouse in a Ptc1‐ and Gli1‐independent manner. HH‐independent ventral midbrain induction was further confirmed by the presence of a Pax7‐negative ventral midbrain territory in both Shh−/− and Smo−/− mice at and before embryonic day (E) 8.5. Midbrain signaling centers are severely disrupted in the Shh−/− mutant. Interestingly, dorsal markers are up‐regulated (Wnt1, Gdf7, Pax7), down‐regulated (Lfng), or otherwise altered (Zic1) in the Shh−/− midbrain. Together with the increased cell death seen specifically in Shh−/− dorsal midbrains (E8.5–E9), our results suggest specific regulation of dorsal patterning by SHH, rather than a simple deregulation due to its absence. Developmental Dynamics 237:1359‐1372, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total Synthesis of Cystothiazole A by Microwave‐Assisted Olefin Cross‐Metathesis
Authors: Gebauer Julian , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine
Published: April 2008

A short and convergent synthesis of the myxobacterial antibiotic cystothiazole A by a microwave‐assisted olefin cross‐metathesis reaction and a sequential microwave‐assisted cross‐metathesis/Stille coupling is described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Genetic algorithm for seismic topology optimization of lifeline network systems
Authors: Li Jie , Liu Wei , Bao Yuanfeng
Published: April 2008

Lifeline systems, such as water distribution and gas supply networks, usually cover large areas. For these systems, seismic design is always a difficult problem because of the complexity of large‐scale networks. In this paper, a topology optimization technology for lifeline networks is established. Firstly, in order to speed up the convergence of optimization process, an element investment importance analysis is carried out to evaluate the importance of components to the lifeline network. Then a topology optimization model is established. The aim of the model is to find the least‐cost network topology while the seismic reliability between the sources and each terminal satisfies prescribed reliability constraints. For this optimization problem, a genetic algorithm, which takes network topologies as the individuals of its population, is used to search for the optimal solutions by suitable operators, including selection, crossover and mutation operators. The capacity of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by its applications to a simple example network consisting of 10 nodes and an actual network with 391 nodes located in a large city of China. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameter identification of torsionally coupled shear buildings from earthquake response records
Authors: Hegde Ganesh , Sinha Ravi
Published: April 2008

This paper presents an efficient procedure to determine the natural frequencies, modal damping ratios and mode shapes for torsionally coupled shear buildings using earthquake response records. It is shown that the responses recorded at the top and first floor levels are sufficient to identify the dominant modal properties of a multistoried torsionally coupled shear building with uniform mass and constant eccentricity even when the input excitation is not known. The procedure applies eigenrealization algorithm to generate the state‐space model of the structure using the cross‐correlations among the measured responses. The dynamic characteristics of the structure are determined from the state‐space realization matrices. Since the mode shapes are obtained only at the instrumented floor (top and first floors) levels, a new mode shape interpolation technique has been proposed to estimate the mode shape coefficients at the remaining floor levels. The application of the procedure has been demonstrated through a numerical experiment on an eight‐storied torsionally coupled shear building subjected to earthquake base excitation. The results show that the proposed parameter identification technique is capable of identifying dominant modal parameters and responses even with significant noise contamination of the response records. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.