bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A spectral collocation method for the coupled system of nonlinear fractional differential equations
Authors: Zhou Xiaojun ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China, Dai Yue
Published: January 2022

This paper analyzes the coupled system of nonlinear fractional differential equations involving the caputo fractional derivatives of order $ \alpha\in(1, 2) $ on the interval (0, T). Our method of analysis is based on the reduction of the given system to an equivalent system of integral equations, then the resulting equation is discretized by using a spectral method based on the Legendre polynomials. We have constructed a Legendre spectral collocation method for the coupled system of nonlinear fractional differential equations. The error bounds under the $ L^2- $ and $ L^{\infty}- $norms is also provided, then the theoretical result is validated by a number of numerical tests.
Rough sets in graphs using similarity relations
Authors: Javaid Imran ,   Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Ali Shahroz , Rehman Shahid Ur , Shah Aqsa
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we investigate the theory of rough set to study graphs using the concept of orbits. Rough sets are based on a clustering criterion and we use the idea of similarity of vertices under automorphism as a criterion. We introduce indiscernibility relation in terms of orbits and prove necessary and sufficient conditions under which the indiscernibility partitions remain the same when associated with different attribute sets. We show that automorphisms of the graph $ \mathcal{G} $ preserve the indiscernibility partitions. Further, we prove that for any graph $ \mathcal{G} $ with $ k $ orbits, any reduct $ \mathcal{R} $ consists of one element from $ k-1 $ orbits of the graph. We also study the rough membership functions for paths, cycles, complete and complete bipartite graphs. Moreover, we introduce essential sets and discernibility matrices induced by orbits of graphs and study their relationship. We also prove that every essential set consists of union of any two orbits of the graph.
Pricing and hedging bond options and sinking-fund bonds under the CIR model
Authors: Larguinho Manuela , Dias José Carlos , Braumann Carlos A.
Published: January 2022

This article derives simple closed-form solutions for computing Greeks of zero-coupon and coupon-bearing bond options under the CIR interest rate model, which are shown to be accurate, easy to implement, and computationally highly efficient. These novel analytical solutions allow us to extend the literature in two other directions. First, the static hedging portfolio approach is used for pricing and hedging American-style plain-vanilla zero-coupon bond options under the CIR model. Second, we derive analytically the comparative static properties of sinking-fund bonds under the same interest rate modeling setup.
Educação escolar munduruku e a produção do currículo de linguagens: ideias preliminares para a construção de um currículo emancipador
Authors: Cardoso Ytanaje Coelho , Simas Hellen Cristina Picanço , Mustafa Amanda Ramos
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir sobre a relação entre a educação escolar munduruku e a produção do currículo de linguagens. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter documental. Os documentos analisados foram: o Projeto Político-Pedagógico da Escola Estadual Indígena Ester Caldeira Cardoso, aldeia Kwatá, município de Borba; as Matrizes Curriculares Interculturais de Referência para o Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio (2014) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC, 2017). A perspectiva teórica central está assentada na ideia de conhecimento-emancipação, de Boaventura de Souza Santos (2006), amparada pelos estudos do currículo de Tomaz Tadeu da Silva (2005). Os resultados apontam que um currículo escolar indígena emancipador implica a adoção de conteúdos da realidade do próprio povo indígena e a doção da experiência do pensamento ocidental inscrito nos documentos oficiais que orientam a educação escolar, como um todo, e a educação escolar indígena.
Seeking Truth
Authors: Shelley Arthur
Published: January 2022

Truth is a living process playing out in each human mind/brain. That is, your truth is the sum of your own knowledge and experiences. One person's “truth” can be regarded as just another perspective in others' eyes. Absolute truths are difficult to define, especially in the social aspects of human interactions. This chapter provides a foundational understanding of truth as a changing target relative to self. The role of the Mediasphere is explored in terms of its influence on creating a collective societal reality, a collective consciousness. Specific attention is given to the importance of symbolic interactionism – consistent with the knowledge capacity explored in terms of neuroscience findings on how memories are stored in the mind/brain. To better understand what is happening in today's environment, misinformation, disinformation, propaganda, and brainwashing are explored in terms of their relationship with truth, and the attack on the American mind is addressed. An addendum includes three tools for breaking the pattern of untruths: truth searching, rhythm disruptor, and humility.
The Danger Social Media Poses to National Sovereignty and Global Security
Authors: Nickull Duane
Published: January 2022

Social media networks have the capability to allow the spread of both factual information and disinformation amongst general populations at a pace unforeseen at any previous time in history. Those who are responsible for continuing to protect democratic principles can benefit from studying, understanding, and adapting to counteract this unheralded spread of data. Developing tactics and strategies to counter the antics of those who propagate disinformation to further their own causes will become necessary to protect the integrity of elections and other national and international interests. This chapter explores and reveals some of the general threats and potential counter measures to keep general populations protected from the negative effects of such campaigns.
Approaching the Invisible
Authors: Woodcock John Christopher
Published: January 2022

In modern times, Western philosophy eschews any metaphysical or occult references to invisible reality as being culturally obsolete. Modern culture now privileges language that reflects our unshakeable allegiance to materialism in which the things of the world no longer have any depth of meaning. This chapter compares two modern cultural approaches to invisible reality emerging in the late 20th century in response to the growing world-wide crisis of meaninglessness. The first approach gathers many different methodologies under the umbrella term The New Materialism. The second approach focusses on initiatory experiences once known as Spiritual Emergency. Both approaches are moving us towards a new understanding of matter, based on the reality of the invisible. Throughout the chapter, the author will italicise words such as “invisible,” “life,” “alive,” “alien,” “ether,” “spatial,” “virtual,” “fluid,” and “absence” in order to refer to a new kind of fluid, living, invisible matter that we are bringing to language in modern times.
Desire
Authors: Heijnen Robertus D.
Published: January 2022

Through the argument that the concept of phase transition also applies to the unfolding of the information processing system that is creation, the author arrives at the phase stage described in the Standard Model of particle physics, where this system and the information flowing through it also form a part that gets coupled to matter and spacetime. The author then concludes that this stage, together with those that came before it, form one complex cybernetic processing system which allows for information to flow back and forth through various feedback and feedforward loops. Further arguments are that the sources for the information flowing through this system are coming from Desire in the broadest sense of the word, as the main, driving feedforward loop; with emotion—as a further explication of motion—as the regulating feedback loop; and that combined they account for the fluctuation called life.
The Collision of the Experiential and Existential in the Brain/Heart-Mind/Soul Continuum
Authors: Bennet David A.
Published: January 2022

Focused in the physical, people are primarily experiential learners. Yet with the creation and sophistication of measurement techniques at the turn of the century, an understanding of experiential learning from the inside-out began to expand through neuroscience. There was recognition that people are holistic beings, and that the heart and mind are an integrated, biological, and complex part of the embodied human system. And within this system, through research in neuroscience, there are hints of what is possible. There is a brain/heart-mind/soul continuum, which brings to mind and to soul the potential for an existential state of learning while focused in the physical/etheric reality. Whether played out in the “virtual reality” of the mind or psychecology educational games, this existential state of creating, imagining, experiencing, and learning can fully engage our creative imagination while simultaneously engaging our higher mental faculties. In essence, through existential experiencing we are creating a symmetry, becoming the mirror of our soul. As above, so below.
The Dance of Aurora
Authors: Vedava Psyence
Published: January 2022

This chapter suggests that embodied ritual practices of the feminine—involving media, art, psycho-spiritual technologies, and techniques of the occult—manifest transmedial auric fields that weave the dance of Aurora, the dance of awakening of the Goddess of Light. These fields resonate with the universal heart vibe, channeling the healing energies of the cosmic Mother to the physical, the digital, the mental, and the tech-noetic. Specific examples from the work of three women are presented, namely Dr. Lila Moore, Vedava (the author of this chapter) and Sedona Soulfire. These modern creatrixes actualize their media priestess function by fusing consciousness and the imaginative with the ancient and the futuristic, in the convergence of art, body, technology, and 21st century feminine spirituality.
The Influence of the Properties of Thermal - Insulation Materials on the Thermomoist Indicators of a Building
Authors: Petrosyan Artashes Levoni
Published: January 2022

One of the basic measures of energy efficiency in residential buildings is the reduction of heat and coolant pressure, when external structures - walls, ceilings - contain thermal insulation material, as a result of which heat and cold losses are reduced, as a result of air-and moisture permeability. Their number is largely determined by the climatic zone of the building, construction, sources of heat and cold, fuel and electricity prices in this region. In such practice, first of all, attention is paid to the problems of the optimal thickness of the thermal insulator, the installation location, since improper installation in the structure can cause water condensation, which will lead to partial wear of the structure, since the properties of reinforced-concrete layers will deteriorate. This concerns the peculiarities of carrying out thermal insulation works and their necessity both in under construction and in buildings in use. However, even in these conditions, when discussing the thermal effect of thermal insulation on structures, due attention is not paid to individual structures, especially walls, moisture problems. Consideration of insulators with more or less efficient energy and heat engineering characteristics, when it was found that there is a significant difference between their results and effects, aroused particular interest in the study of the problem. This is followed by a study of the influence of the presence of thermal insulation in the structure on the cold load required for cooling, revealed a pattern of cost changes in the case of insulating materials with more or less properties - foam.
The Influence of Cement Grain Structure on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement
Authors: Mazmanyan Smbat V. , Papyan Gayane , Sargsyan Tamara , Baghdagyulyan Armine , Paytyan Tatevik , Hoveyan Hovsep
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the study of morphological characteristics of cement particles and reveals the influence of the structure of the cement grain composition on the physical and mechanical properties of cement. The following portland cements produced by “Hrazdan Cement Corporation” LLC, which have 52,5 MPa and 42,5 MPa compressive strength limit and hydraulic additives up to 20% and over 20% have been used for the experiment: CEM II/ A-P 42,5N, CEM II/ B-P 42,5N, CEM II/A-Q 42,5N, CEM II/B-Q, CEM II/A-L 42,5N, CEM II/B-L 42,5N, CEM II/A-M 42,5N, CEM II/B-M, CEM III/A-S 42,5N and CEM III/B-S 42,5N. Grain distribution in all the samples has been studied using a CILAS laser analyzer. Microscopic analysis of all the fractions has been carried out with the help of James Swift optical microscope. The given grain compositions have undergone chemical analysis in compliance with the requirements of interstate ISO 5382-2019 and ASTM C114-18 standards. Experimental studies and analyses show that the cements with microsilica have the highest value of water-cement ratio-W/C = 0.7, the highest by volume compression are the cements with volcanic slag-4 mm, the beginning of the bonding period is the longest in case of limestone cements - t = 140 minutes, followed by microsilica cements, and in third place there are artificial slag cements, the results of which are as follows: 130; 124 minutes. The summarized data show that microsilica cements have the highest compressive strength limit among the cements having the same percentage of additives-48.87 MPa.
Influence of Polar Groups on the Ability of Polymers to Form Nanopenocox when Heated to Reduce the Fire Hazard of Building Materials
Authors: Matseevich Tatyana A. , Askadskii Andrey A.
Published: January 2022

The method for estimating the influence of polar groups on the temperature of the onset of the intense thermal degradation of polymers under heating is proposed. This estimate is based on the equation for calculating this value for the entire repeating link proposed earlier [1-4]. The method is computerized and is included as an integral part of the computer program "Cascade" (INEOS RAS). The calculated estimation is carried out for one of the structures of the rejected cycloaliphatic epoxy resin. The most "weak" group was the group –CO–. The temperature of the onset of intensive thermal degradation of this group is 547 K.
Homogenization Modes Effect on Mechanical Properties and Corrosive Characteristics of the Rolled Products from Al-Mg (1570) Aluminum Alloy with Addition of Scandium and Zirconium
Authors: Ragazin Aleksandr A. , Yashin Vasiliy V. , Latushkin Ilya A. , Aryshesnkii Evgenii V. , Grechnikov Fedor V.
Published: January 2022

Objective of the study: study of various homogenization modes effects on mechanical and corrosive properties of rolled sheets from Al-Mg system alloy 1570 with additions of zirconium and scandium transition metals. The sheets were produced in laboratory conditions from the ingot, cast in production DC mold based on the commercial production practices and treatment modes. 4 homogenization modes, 2 tempers H12 and H321, and several modes of stabilization annealing in the temperature range from 240 °C to 325 °C have been reviewed. The samples have been comprehensively examined using optic and electron scanning microscope, mechanical properties were achieved by break test in compliance with ISO 6892-1, corrosion was examined using ASTM G66 and G67 standards. The curve of 1570 alloy sheets softening as the function of annealing temperature was constructed. It was demonstrated that the increasing temperature effect during homogenization leads to strength properties decrease and corrosion resistance improvement due to interdendritic segregation elimination. Among analyzed homogenization modes, 360 - 380 °C - 6 h mode is established as the most practical, and the sheets. produced without stabilization annealing, occurred to be the most resistant to exfoliation corrosion. The sheets, subjected to annealing at 260 °C - 2 h, show no traces of layer corrosion, but have pit corrosion locations rated as «PC» based on ASTM G-66 classification, such rating is unacceptable for the manufacture of products for use in the marine environment.
Manufacturing of Bellows Compensator by Pulsed-Magnetic Field Pressure
Authors: Kurlaev Nikolay , Sherif Ahmed Soliman Mohamed , Ryngach Nikolay
Published: January 2022

Bellows are a cylindrical shell with a corrugated part, widely used in aviation engineering as a movable sealing element to balance pressure and temperature differences, which ensure continuous and accurate system operation. The use of bellows expansion joints provides reliable and effective protection of pipelines from static and dynamic loads arising from deformations and vibration. Welded-edge bellows are a popular choice for regulating and controlling fuel supply in aircraft devices. The ability of the compensator to perceive deformations is determined by its assigned operating time, which describes how many cycles, and with what amplitude, the bellows compensator perceives without damage. A method for stamping bellows from tubular billets by using magnetic-pulse field in rigid dies, including sequential shaping of corrugations by distributing the internal magnetic pressure with axial movement of the free end of a tubular billet, characterized in that the material of the tubular billet for shaping corrugations is selected in accordance with its relative elongation.
Ab Initio Calculations of New α-L5-7a and β-L5-7a Graphyne Polymorphic Varieties
Authors: Mavrinskii Viktor , Belenkov Evgeniy A.
Published: January 2022

Calculations of the structural and energy parameters, band structure and density of electronic states of new structural varieties of graphyne have been performed by the density functional theory method. The initial structure of the nine polymorphs was theoretically constructed on the basis of the 5-7a graphene layer. As a result of the calculations, the structure of only five graphyne layers was found to be stable: α-L5-7a, β1-L5-7a, β2-L5-7a, β3-L5-7a and β4-L5-7a. The structure of layers γ1-L5-7a, γ2-L5-7a, and γ3-L5-7a is transformed into the structure of graphene layers by geometric optimization, and the graphyne layer γ4-L5-7a is transformed sp+sp2 layer L3-6-13. The sublimation energy of the stable graphyne polymorphs varies from 6.66 to 6.78 eV/atom. The density of electronic states at the Fermi energy level for all α-L5-7a and β-L5-7a layers of graphyne is different from zero, so the new graphyne polymorphs should have metallic properties.
Investigation of Defect InP(001) Surface by Low Energy Ion Scаttering Spectroscopy
Authors: Karimov Muxtor K. , Kuryozov F.O. , Sadullaev Sh.R. , Otabaev M.U. , Bobojonova S.B.
Published: January 2022

In this paper presents the computer simulation results on the investigations of the ion scattering processe on the defect InP(001)<110>,<ī10> surface under low-energy grazing ion bombardment have been presented. The peculiarities trajectories of the scattered ions from surface defect, atomic chain and semichannel have been investigated by computer simulation. It was found some trajectories nearby surface atomic chain which have loop shape and a line form. At grazing ion incidence, from a correlation of the experimental and calculated energy distributions of the scattered particles, one may determine a spatial extension of the missing atom on the monocrystal surface damaged by the ion bombardment.
Fabrication of Conically Shaped CuCr1 Chrome Bronze Products by Wire-Feed Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Gusarova Anastasiya , Kalashnikova Tatiana , Gurianov Denis , Chumaevskii Andrey , Osipovich Ksenia , Rubtsov Valery E. , Kushnarev Yury , Zykova Anna
Published: January 2022

The structure and properties of conically shaped products made of CuCr1 chrome bronze obtained by wire-feed electron beam additive technology have been investigated. The studies show that the organization of the structure in the samples fully corresponds to the peculiarities of the printing process and heat removal from the samples. The structure is represented by large grains elongated in the direction of heat removal. Chromium in the samples is mainly localized in the form of particles located between the dendrite arms. Near the substrate, intense mixing of the bronze with the substrate material (steel 321) is observed. The mechanical properties of the conical and cylindrical sample parts material are at a fairly close level. The samples are characterized by low values of yield strength, low values of tensile strength and high plasticity. Near the substrate, the mechanical properties of the specimens increase.
Ultra-Compact Eddy Current Transducer for Corrosion Defect Search in Steel Pipes
Authors: Dmitriev S.F. , Malikov Vladimir , Ishkov Alexey , Voinash Sergey , Kalimullin Marat , Salimzyanov Marat , Novikova Liliya
Published: January 2022

This research is devoted to the application of non-destructive testing methods for detecting defects of the internal structure of the material in steel pipelines. Despite the use of modern approaches to the design and manufacture of pipelines, which make it possible to lay a significant margin of safety in the created system, the task of developing new approaches to measuring the technical and operational characteristics and parameters of steel parts using software and hardware complexes for non-destructive testing does not lose its relevance. The paper presents the results of the development of defect detection system aimed at detecting damage of the structure of the material with a diameter of 0.2 mm and located at a depth of up to 2 mm. The proposed system is based on the physical principles of the influence of the existing defect on the value of the transformer voltage, which is induced in the measurement circuit of the sensor built on eddy current effects. The focus of the research is the relationship between the linear dimensions of the defect, its location and the generated voltage indications of the developed sensor. Also, within the framework of the study, the results of processing and analysis of the data collected by the defect detection system are presented, the result of which was the determination of the parameters of the detected defects.
The Evaluation Effect of the Active Lubricating Coating on the Mechanical Properties of Stamped Semi-Finished Products Made of Refractory Metals
Authors: Remshev Evgeny , Rasulov Zainudin , Voinash Sergey , Vornacheva Irina , Sokolova Victoria Alexandrovna , Dolmatov Sergey N. , Kolesnikov Pavel
Published: January 2022

We investigated the possibility of using an organofluorine coating on parts of the "Screen" type made by cold stamping from refractory metals, in particular niobium. The paper also presents the results of a study of the mechanical characteristics of samples with acoustic-emission accompaniment and the hardness values before and after applying the organofluorine composition. The surface of parts with and without coating after convolution is studied. It is shown that it is possible to prevent loss of stability during the first operation of the technological process, as well as to reduce the number of operations by eliminating annealing between subsequent operations of drawing with thinning.
Obtaining of Copper- and Nickel-Based Polymetallic Gradient Products by Wire-Feed Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Gusarova Anastasiya , Chumaevskii Andrey , Gurianov Denis , Kalashnikova Tatiana , Zykova Anna P. , Panfilov Aleksandr , Nikonov Sergey , Osipovich Ksenia
Published: January 2022

The structure and mechanical properties of gradient transition zones of the copper-nickel system formed by additive electron beam technology have been investigated. Pure copper and nickel alloy Ni80Cr20 were used for printing. The data obtained testify to the complex and heterogeneous nature of structure formation when printing both by single-wire method and using double-wire controlled feeding of material into the melt bath. In the samples, the formation of defects of different scale from local inhomogeneities of the structure to pores and cracks is possible. The mechanical properties of the structural gradient zone are at a sufficiently high level and depend on the ratio of the system components.
Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loan in Sri Lanka: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Keshani A. L. A. D. , Jayatilake L. V. K.
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Comparison of NBFC’s Non-Performing loan Ratio was given a research problem to the researcher to argue that which factors will be affected to the NPL of high risky non-banking financial company of Sri Lanka as the case study. This study examines the factors affecting non-performing loans of ABC Financed Limited. The objectives were to identify the Institutional relating Factors, Customer relating factors and Remedial Mechanisms of Dealing with Non-Performing Loans. Methodology: The scope of the research was limited to ten (10) Employees of ABC Finance Limited and ten (10) Customers of ABC Financed Limited. The study adopted the general qualitative research methodology using Interpretivism paradigm, Case study strategy and Grounded Theory Approach and in-depth interviews were conducted in order to collect data, and all the interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded. Open coding, selective coding and Axial coding were done in order to get the final framework. Findings: The findings revealed, Customer relating factors also reflect in case of nonperforming loans and there are some new factors were also found as Institutional related factors. Some moderate mechanisms also found to implement for all the financial companies and Banks. Originality / Value: The study contributes to expanding existing literature by investigating the issues of value relevance of financial statements within the Sri Lankan context, incorporating both red flags and accrual components.
Entrepreneurial Marketing Dimensions: Evidence from Women-Owned SMEs in Sri Lanka
Authors: Shanmugathas Shivany
Published: January 2022

Women-owned SMEs have an enormous contribution to the economic development of Sri Lanka, which experienced 30 years of conflict, created numerous micro and small enterprises as the livelihoods of women-headed families. Since the entrepreneurial marketing (EM) approaches are new practices followed by numerous SMEs worldwide, this study intended to explore how these women-owned SMEs in Sri Lanka practice entrepreneurial dimensions for their marketing benefits. This study meant to discrete entrepreneurial marketing thoughts in women-owned SMEs and distinguished how current approaches seem steady through the entrepreneurial marketing benefits. The considerable inspiration in this study derived from how new evaluation of entrepreneurial marketing from the perspective of women-owned SMEs has gotten insufficient consideration in the critical literature. This study has been feasible with qualitative research with 49 women-owned SMEs in five districts of Sri Lanka. This study has collected primary data through an in-depth interview method. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze and interpret the seven fundamental dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing. Results show that even though the women-owned SMEs in Sri Lanka do not have professional marketing knowledge, they apply entrepreneurial marketing practices as similar approaches mentioned in the literature to succeed in their businesses. The findings of this study conveyed that entrepreneurial marketing practices have incredible significance for women-owned SMEs in Sri Lanka. Future research can empirically prove the seven dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing through a considerable sample size from other districts with cultural differences.
Effective Barriers: The Role of NKT Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Gut
Authors: Cairo Cristiana , Webb Tonya J
Published: January 2022

The critical role of commensal microbiota in regulating the host immune response has been established. In addition, it is known that host–microbial interactions are bidirectional, and this interplay is tightly regulated to prevent chronic inflammatory disease. Although many studies have focused on the role of classic T cell subsets, unconventional lymphocytes such as NKT cells and innate lymphoid cells also contribute to the regulation of homeostasis at mucosal surfaces and influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the cross-regulation between NKT cells, innate lymphoid cells, and the gut microbiota. Moreover, we highlight how disruptions in homeostasis can lead to immune-mediated disorders.
Metabolic Sex Dimorphism of the Brain at the Gene, Cell, and Tissue Level
Authors: Lee Jun Won , Profant Martin , Wang Chao
Published: January 2022

The palpable observation in the sex bias of disease prevalence in the CNS has fascinated scientists for several generations. Brain sex dimorphism has been visualized by imaging and analytical tools at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Recent work highlighted the specificity of such sex bias in the brain and its subregions, offering a unique lens through which disease pathogenesis can be investigated. The brain is the largest consumer of energy in the body and provides a unique metabolic environment for diverse lineages of cells. Immune cells are increasingly recognized as an integral part of brain physiology, and their function depends on metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on metabolic sex dimorphism in brain tissue, resident, and infiltrating immune cells. In this context, we highlight the relevance of recent advances in metabolomics and RNA sequencing technologies at the single cell resolution and the development of novel computational approaches.
Features of B Cell Responses Relevant to Allergic Disease
Authors: Allen Christopher D C
Published: January 2022

This Brief Review delves into B cell responses in the context of allergy. The primary contribution of B cells to allergy is the production of IgE, the Ab isotype that triggers immediate hypersensitivity reactions through the release of mediators from mast cells and basophils. B cells may also have protective roles in allergy, such as through the production of IgG or as regulatory B cells. In this review, I focus on the basic principles of B cell differentiation and discuss features relevant to allergic immune responses. In particular, I discuss: (1) class-switch recombination; (2) plasma cell differentiation; (3) germinal centers and affinity maturation; and (4) memory B cells and recall responses, with an emphasis on IgE, IgG1, and IgG4. I also consider how B cells may contribute to allergic responses independent of Ab production—for example, by serving as APCs.
LO SCANDAGLIO DELLE DIFFERENZE. RAGION DI STATO E TIPOLOGIE DELLE FORME DI GOVERNO NELL’ITALIA DELLA CONTRORIFORMA E DELL’ETÀ BAROCCA
Authors: Costantino Pissavino Paolo
Published: January 2022

Non disponibile.
PRIME NOTE IN TEMA DI COMUNICAZIONE DI EMERGENZA
Authors: Illari Silvia
Published: January 2022

Non disponibile.
L’illusione liberista. Critica dell’ideologia di mercato
Authors: Boitani Andrea
Published: January 2022

Non disponibile.
Efficacy of Core Needle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Extracranial Solid Malignancies
Authors: Loganathan Arun Kumar , Jacob Tarun John , Matthew Leni Grane , Moses Vinu , Keshava Shyam Kumar Nidugala , Priscilla Anne Jennifer , Kurian Jujju Jacob
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Core needle biopsies of solid masses in children are a minimally invasive technique. It guides to a definitive diagnosis and facilitates management.

Aims and Objectives:

To determine the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of core needle biopsies in diagnosing pediatric solid masses.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 430 children, who underwent core needle biopsy for solid masses between January 2007 and December 2016 at CMC Vellore, was done.

Results:

Retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal masses constituted 66% of cases. Real-time image guidance was used in 44% of cases. An accurate diagnosis was obtained in 93.6% of cases, while results did not correlate with the final diagnosis in 3.4%. Three percent had inadequate or necrotic tissue. None of the children had postprocedure complications.

Conclusion:

Core needle biopsies serve as good diagnostic modality, with minimal risks, in making a conclusive diagnosis and deciding on the line of management.
Laparoscopic Cystogastrostomy in Children with Pancreatic Pseudocysts
Authors: Gaikwad Vivek Samuel , Kisku Sundeep M. C. , Kurian Jujju Jacob , Jacob Tarun John K , Mathai John
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Pancreatic pseudocysts (PPCs) and walled-off necrosis (WON) in children following acute pancreatitis are uncommon. The various modalities of therapy possible are conservative treatment, external drainage, endoscopic stenting, and internal surgical drainage procedures. There are no existing guidelines for the management of PPC in children. We evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic cystogastrostomy (LCG) performed at our center.

Materials and Methods:

Eight children (median age: 10 years) underwent LCG for large PPC (median size: 12.5 cm). There were seven patients with PPC and one with WON. Seven underwent LCG by a transgastric approach and one underwent LCG by a retrogastric approach.

Results:

Seven out of the eight patients had complete resolution of symptoms and the PPC. The median follow-up period was 32 months (interquartile range: 9.5–55.5 months). There were no conversions. There was one patient with a WON who developed a recurrence.

Conclusion:

LCG is a safe and effective treatment option for large PPC/WON in children. A posterior retrogastric approach, when indicated, is a safe approach with a comparable outcome.
Clinical profile of patients with endophthalmitis
Authors: Almarzouki N , Alessa S , Raffa L
Published: January 2022

Aim:

This study aimed to profile the clinical features and demographics of patients with endophthalmitis in a tertiary care center, Western region, Saudi Arabia. We used a retrospective cross-sectional case series at King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

Materials and Methods:

Endophthalmitis was diagnosed in a total of 14 eyes of 14 patients treated in our hospital between 2002 and 2018. The patients' medical records were reviewed to gather demographic and clinical data.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 52.8 ± 19.2 years, and 50% of patients were male. The majority of endophthalmitis cases were post-ophthalmic surgery (50%), 35.7% were of endogenous origin, 7.2% were associated with corneal ulcer with perforation, and 7.2% were post open globe injury. Patients' admission to the hospital ranged from 2 to 10 days from symptoms occurrence with a median of 5 days. Half of the patients presented with no light perception vision, counting fingers in 14.2%, hand motion in 14.2%, light perception in 7.2%, and 20/300 in 7.2%. The final visual outcome improved in four cases (28.5%) with best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 reached in one patient.

Conclusion:

Post- ophthalmic surgery and endogenous endophthalmitis were the most common causes of endophthalmitis among our patients, with late presentation to the hospital and poor vision at presentation also being common findings. These findings highlight the necessity of proper patient education, after care and adherence to sterile techniques in ensuring that patients recover successfully from ophthalmic surgery.
International Tourism and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from BRICS Countries
Authors: Mishra PK , Rout Himanshu B. , Sahoo Debasis
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to examine the tourism-growth nexus in the context of BRICS nations. For this purpose, the augmented neo-classical growth framework has been employed a panel data model approach over the sample period spanning from 1995 to 2019. The estimation was conducted using PMG based ARDL regression. The results lend support to the tourism-led growth hypothesis when the capital formation and human development exert a positive impact on the long-run real economic growth in BRICS economies. So, the policies meant for tourism sector development can contribute to long-run economic growth through an increase in the share of gross capital formation in the gross domestic product and with the help of improved human development. Therefore, the policy focus should be on infrastructure development, the promotion of investment opportunities, and the development of healthcare and education in BRICS countries. The use of a macroeconomic framework in the analysis is the novelty of this study.
The influence of flavour on voluntary water intake in horses
Authors:   , Filmer Miranda
Published: January 2022

The equine athlete is subject to increasing demands on its physiology; more efficient transport means we are able to travel horses for further and longer, as well as competing them in more challenging conditions. As with humans, the industry surrounding maintenance and recovery of athletes is ever growing, with more and more products being developed in order to gain a competitive edge. Prolonged transport can result in dramatic losses in bodyweight and therefore dehydration, caused by excessive sweating and increased faecal output; this can have a dramatic effect on performance, as electrolyte derangements cause a range of issues such as muscle degeneration and impaction colic. In this study, two synthetic variations of flavours, banana and cherry, were selected to be added to water to determine if they encouraged a greater voluntary water intake compared with plain water and might therefore be a mechanism for mitigation of dehydration in horses. Two trials were carried out using Latin square and Randomised Block designs. Trials 1a and 1b used 6 horses and three different concentrations of each flavour with the aim to ascertain the preferred concentration for both flavours. Trial 2 consisted of 12 horses and tested the palatability of the flavours when offered alongside plain water. Each trial consisted of 3 repetitions in order to eliminate bucket location bias. All horses were without water for 1 hour before each trial period and underwent a standardised exercise test before being offered the waters. Trials 1a and 1b showed no preferred concentration for either flavour. There was a tendency, albeit weak for a preference for the medium concentration of banana and weak concentration of cherry thus those concentrations were chosen for Trial 2. The results from Trial 2 showed that plain water was preferred when offered alongside the 2 flavoured waters, average voluntary fluid intake for plain water was 5.33 litres, which was more than double that of the flavoured waters with average intake for banana of 2.07 litres and cherry of 2.19 litres. In summary, adding banana and cherry flavour to water did not encourage an increase in voluntary fluid intake, and as such cannot be used as a method for mitigating dehydration in horses. Further research is required to ascertain if other flavours, are preferred in water, as this could be added to electrolyte solution in order to make them more palatable and so encourage drinking.
Economic Indicators Selection for Property Crime Rates using Grey Relational Analysis and Support Vector Regression
Authors: Alwee Razana , Shamsuddin Siti Mariyam Hj , Sallehuddin Roselina
Published: January 2022

Features selection is very important in the multivariate models because the accuracy of forecasting results produced by the model are highly dependent on these selected features. The purpose of this study is to propose grey relational analysis and support vector regression for features selection. The features are economic indicators that are used to forecast property crime rate. Grey relational analysis selects the best data series to represent each economic indicator and rank the economic indicators according to its importance to the property crime rate. Next, the support vector regression is used to select the significant economic indicators where particle swarm optimization estimates the parameters of support vector regression. In this study, we use unemployment rate, consumer price index, gross domestic product and consumer sentiment index as the economic indicators, as well as property crime rate for the United States. From our experiments, we found that the gross domestic product, unemployment rate and consumer price index are the most influential economic indicators. The proposed method is also found to produce better forecasting accuracy as compared to multiple linear regressions.
Chaos Driven Evolutionary Algorithm: a Novel Approach for Optimization
Authors: Senkerik Roman , Pluhacek Michal , Oplatkova Zuzana Kominkova
Published: January 2022

This research deals with the initial investigations on the concept of a chaos-driven evolutionary algorithm Differential evolution. This paper is aimed at the embedding of simple two-dimensional chaotic system, which is Lozi map, in the form of chaos pseudo random number generator for Differential Evolution. The chaotic system of interest is the discrete dissipative system. Repeated simulations were performed on standard benchmark Schwefel’s test function in higher dimensions. Finally, the obtained results are compared with canonical Differential Evolution.
The Value of Future Officers’ Foreign Language Training for Participating in International Peacekeeping Operations
Authors: Nanivska Lidiia L. , Pasichnyk Susanna M. , Serhiienko Tetiana M. , Shcherba Oksana V. , Yakimets Yurii M.
Published: January 2022

The article deals with providing future officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with foreign language training for participating in international peacekeeping operations. The purpose was to analyze specifics of foreign language training for international peacekeeping operations. The content and essence of future officers’ foreign language training for participating in international peacekeeping operations were studied. Further, the state of future officers’ foreign language training for participating in international peacekeeping operations in higher military educational institutions of Ukraine was determined and consequent proposals for improving the content of future officers’ foreign language training for participating in international peacekeeping operations were elaborated. The main research methods were as follows: comparative, problem-based and retrospective information analysis; testing of cadets, surveying the officers of the Armed Forces, enhancing the pronunciation and articulation of cadets. The results of cadet testing showed the need to improve the content of future officers’ foreign language training for participating in international peacekeeping operations. The survey of the officers serving with the Armed Forces of Ukraine confirmed the urgent need to provide foreign language training in higher military educational institutions of Ukraine. According to the results of various survey forms applied, the main ways to improve the content of the future officers’ foreign language training aimed at participating in international peacekeeping operations were identified: the use of open training platforms, the use of information and communication technologies, use of mind mapping, situational tasks, interactive technologies.
Methodology of Teaching Methods of FEM Analysis Using Software ANSYS
Authors: Králik Juraj , Králik Juraj JR.
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the authors' experience of teaching the finite element method (FEM) at university. With the development of computational tools in the second half of the twentieth century, there was also the development of computational methods focused on the algorithmization of engineering tasks based on FEM. From the solution of individual problems of the state of stress and deformation from the influence of the external environment, a complex solution of the mutual interaction of the system of deformable bodies (elements) has been performed while improving the physical and geometric characteristics of modern materials and structures. Many processes in the automatic design system take place as if in a "black box" and the process of verifying the achieved results becomes the most important stage in the design activity. Without knowledge of the theoretical basis of FEM, physical and mathematical modeling, verification procedures and methods, the design of a structure cannot be safe and reliable. In this paper we present one of the possibilities how the student can get acquainted with the theoretical foundations of FEM and with computational procedures using ANSYS software.
Legitimacy of the Dissolution of Beliefs by Community Organizations
Authors: Budiana I Nyoman
Published: January 2022

Article 28E paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution states "Every person shall be free to choose and to practice the religion of his/her choice, to choose one’s education, to choose one’s employment, to choose one’s citizenship, and to choose one’s place of residence within the state territory, to leave it and to subsequently return to it.” In paragraph (2), everyone has the right to the freedom to believe in his/her beliefs, to express his/her views and thoughts, according to his/her conscience. The constitutional guarantees for believers can also be seen in Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution stating that the state shall be based upon the One and Only God and the State guarantees all persons the freedom of worship, each according to his/her own religion or belief. The Constitutional Court affirms that the right to adhere to a religion or belief in God Almighty is a citizen's constitutional right, not a gift from the state. Therefore, the state is obliged to protect and guarantee the fulfillment of the rights of it’s the citizens to embrace a belief other than the six religions developed in Indonesia. However, in practice the dissolution of beliefs is actually carried out by community organizations. In this study, two things will be discussed namely: 1) What is the legal position of adherents of belief in the national legal system? 2) Do community organizations have the authority to dissolve religious beliefs? This research is normative juridical research, in which the problems in this research are analyzed qualitatively.
Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu ile Depremin Dış Merkezinin belirlenmesi: Ayvacık Depremi Örneği
Authors: ÖZYALIN Şenol
Published: January 2022

Optimizasyon problemlerinin çözümü için kullanılan birçok optimizasyon tekniği doğadaki olaylardan esinlenilerek geliştirilmiştir. Parçacık Sürüsü Optimizasyonu (PSO), yiyecek veya ortak hedef arayışında sürü (kuş sürüleri, balık sürüleri, böcekler vb.) davranışını işbirlikçi bir şekilde benimseyen, doğadan ilham alan optimizasyon algoritmalarından biridir. Sürüdeki parçacıklar (ya da ajanlar), arama uzayında kendilerini geliştirmelerinin yanı sıra komşularından da bilgi öğrenirler. Bir parçacığın arama algoritması, süreç sırasında o parçacığın en iyi konumu (bireysel öğrenme terimi) ve belirli bir yinelemede çevresindeki en iyi parçacık (sosyal öğrenme terimi) tarafından belirlenir. PSO'daki temel arama stratejisi, sürüdeki parçacıkların bilişsel bilgilerinin ve sosyal davranışlarının sürekli güncellenmesi yoluyla algoritmayı en iyi çözüme doğru yönlendirmesidir. Bu çalışmada önce yöntemin performansını sentetik model ile test edildikten sonra Çanakkale-Ayvacık depreminin dış merkezinin belirlenmesinde bu algoritmanın uygulaması gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD) tarafından yayınlanan 06.02.2017 depreminin dış merkezi (26.1351, 39.5303) ile PSO çözümü (26.03,39.50) bulunmuştur. Boylam ve enlem için yüzde bağıl hatalar sırasıyla % 0.402 ve %0.077 bulunmuş ve ortalama yüzde bağıl hata %0.239 olarak hesaplanmıştır.