bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Polyalthia Longifolia seed fillers loaded and E-glass fiber-reinforced sandwich epoxy composites
Authors: Balaji Ayyanar Chinnappan , Marimuthu Krishnaswamy , Mugilan Thanigachalam , Gayathri Balasubramaniam , Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa , Khan Anish , Siengchin Suchart
Published: March 2023

The research aims to develop new polymer composites using Polyalthia longifolia seeds (PLS) particulates-loaded epoxy composites through open layup molding technique with different wt.% of PLS fillers (PLSF) (10, 20, 30,40, and 50 wt. %). As per ASTM standards, the composite specimens were fabricated and carried out the tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and Shore D hardness. Among the different weight percentages of composites, the 30 wt. % of PLSF-loaded epoxy composites exhibited the maximum tensile strength of 18.5 ± 0.5 MPa, compressive strength of 22.5 MPa, the flexural strength of 22 MPa, and Shore D hardness of 92 ± 0.5 SHN. The strength of the 30 wt. of PLSF-loaded epoxy composites was further enhanced by incorporating single layer of 400 GSM E-glass fiber on both sides of the composites and attained the maximum strength of 26.5 ± 0.5 MPa. The PLSF-loaded epoxy composite specimen was carried out the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and found the presence of different functional groups. The surface morphology and elemental compositions of 30 wt. % PLSF-loaded epoxy composite was found through filed emission electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The average length of fillers was found as 2.25 ± µm through FESEM. The newly developed PLSF-loaded and E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy sandwich composites would be used where the strength is less significant.
Ultrasonic assisted magnetic abrasive finishing of DIN 1.2738 tool steel using vitrified bonded magnetic abrasive particles
Authors: Pak Abbas , Shayegh Mohammad , Abdullah Amir , Choopani Yahya
Published: March 2023

Ultrasonic-assisted magnetic abrasive finishing (UAMAF) process has been developed to reduce the finishing time of hard materials. In this process, in addition to the rotation of the magnetic tool, ultrasonic vibrations are also applied to the workpiece simultaneously in the longitudinal direction. In the present work, the effects of UAMAF process parameters, including ultrasonic power, the rotational speed of the magnetic tool, working gap, and weight of magnetic abrasive particles (MAPs) on the percentage change in surface roughness (%ΔRa) of 1.2738 tool steel are discussed with an experimental approach. In this regard, besides the development of the UAMAF process, the sintering of MAPs with glass powder is proposed. The experiments are designed according to the Taguchi method. Then, the input parameters of the UAMAF process are modeled and optimized using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis to achieve the maximum %ΔRa. Statistical analysis of experimental data shows that the most significant contribution in improving %ΔRa is attributed to the weight of MAPs. Furthermore, according to the comparative study, %ΔRa in the UAMAF process for finishing the DIN 1.2738 tool steel is improved by 86.62% under optimized conditions. In comparison, this value in the MAF process is equal to 48.62% under the same conditions. The results of the surface morphology also underline that abrasive particles in the UAMAF process hit the peaks of the surface roughness due to vibration applied to the workpiece, which leads to a high-quality finished surface.
A mad yearning for solitude: Timon the Misanthrope and his relevance to the study of ancient psychopathology
Authors: Metzger Nadine
Published: March 2023

Ancient Greek and Latin medical authors considered a flight into solitude a compelling sign of mental disturbance, frequently described as misanthropia, a word fraught with meaning beyond the medical discourse. The fictionalised character Timon of Athens, the quintessential misanthrope, can shed light on ancient cultural concepts of self-imposed isolation from human contact. To cope with the sense of unease this deviant behaviour induced, misanthropia was explained as ‘madness’, ridiculed in various genres of humour, morally condemned in philosophy, and ultimately demonized in Christian cosmology. These various attempts at containment echo in the medical works of the age, making it impossible to comprehend the concept of misanthropia in ancient medicine without taking full account of the cultural context.
Illegitimation of same-sex sexualities in news reports of selected Nigerian newspapers
Authors: Oyebanji Olubunmi Funmi
Published: March 2023

Nigeria has stringent legislation against same-sex identified people and their supporters. Scholarly attention on same-sex relationships in the Nigerian context has mainly been on the legalistic and sociological perspectives, with little attention paid to how language serves as a means of illegitimising same-sex sexualities in the Nigerian media. This study, therefore, examines illegitimation strategies in the representation of same-sex sexualities in news reports of selected Nigerian newspapers. van Leeuwen’s theory of legitimation and Critical Discourse Analysis were adopted as the framework, for their contextual approaches to language. A total of 80 news reports on same-sex sexualities from four purposively selected Nigerian newspapers ( Vanguard, The Punch, Nigerian Tribune and The Sun) were randomly sampled. The newspapers were selected based on their preponderant coverage of reports on LGBT people between 2013 and 2015. Journalists used experts’ authority, role-model/personal authority, authority of tradition, conformity, moral evaluation and analogy to legitimise discrimination against non-heterosexuals in news reports. This paper argues that the media are instrumental in the continuous violence against non-heterosexuals in Nigeria.
The scope of ethical dilemmas in paediatric nursing: a survey of nurses from a tertiary paediatric centre in Australia
Authors: Schulz Ingrid , O’Neill Jenny , Gillam Peter , Gillam Lynn
Published: March 2023

Background

No previous study has provided evidence for the scope and frequency of ethical dilemmas for paediatric nurses. It is essential to understand this to optimise patient care and tailor ethics support for nurses.

Research aim

The aim of this study was to explore the scope of nurses’ ethical dilemmas in a paediatric hospital and their engagement with the hospital clinical ethics service.

Research design

This study used a cross-sectional survey design.

Participants and research context

Paediatric nursing staff in a tertiary paediatric centre in Australia completed an online survey asking about their exposure to a range of ethical dilemmas and their knowledge of the clinical ethics service. Analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics.

Ethical considerations

Ethical approval was granted from the hospital research committee. The survey was anonymous, and no identifying details of participants were collected.

Results

Paediatric nurses experienced a wide range of ethical dilemmas frequently, both in the intensive care and general areas. Knowledge and use of the clinical ethics service was poor and the most frequent challenge for nurses in managing dilemmas was feeling powerless.

Conclusion

There is a need to recognise the moral burden of ethical dilemmas for paediatric nurses in order to foster ethical sensitivity, and to provide adequate support to improve care and mitigate nursing moral distress.
The gay cake controversy in the United Kingdom and Italian inertia
Authors: Breda Vito , Frau Matteo
Published: March 2023

In Lee v. United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights left gay people partially unprotected against discrimination in commercial transactions in the United Kingdom and, by analogy, in other legal systems, such as the Italian system, where such protection is absent. In this article, it will be argued that the lack of substantive engagement by the European Court of Human Rights should be considered a missed opportunity for the development of European legal systems that do not grant full anti-discrimination protection to gay people.
Magnetorheological semi-active shock mitigation control. Part I: numerical analysis and preliminary tests
Authors: Li Weihan , Bai Xianxu “Frank” , Jiang Ping , Yuan Ling , Liu Hui , Gao Pu , Zhu Anding , Pan Jiabao
Published: March 2023

Minimizing shock loads transmitted to sensitive structures or equipment is the objective of shock mitigation control. The core of shock mitigation control using magnetorheological (MR) energy absorber (EA) to minimize impact load is to make full use of the piston stroke of MREA so as to achieve “soft-landing.” The key lies in the precise description of the hysteresis of MREA and the shock mitigation control method. In this part, a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) shock mitigation control system using MREA is established, and the corresponding dynamic model and drop-induced shock mitigation test system are established. Based on the optimal Bi number control method and constant force control theory, feedforward controllers featuring resistor-capacitor (RC) operator-based hysteresis model and Bingham model are established to realize “soft-landing” in sequence. Specific performance evaluation indexes for shock mitigation control systems, that is, average velocity change rate (AVCR) and velocity-acceleration conversion ratio (V-ACR), are proposed. The effectiveness of shock mitigation control methods with different models on the MREA-based shock mitigation control system in profiles of simulation and tests are compared and analyzed.
Use of Hyaluronic Acid Filler in Patients with Secondary Cleft Lip Deformity
Authors: Rivers C. M. , Skimming C. , Chong D. , Drake D. , Russell C. J. H. , Devlin M. F.
Published: March 2023

When considering the management of asymmetry, volume deficiency, scarring and vermillion notching following cleft lip repair, surgical techniques are commonly applied. However, surgery may not be suitable for all patients. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a common, non-permanent filler widely used in non-surgical aesthetic practice. We present our unit's two-year experience of the regular use of HA filler in a dedicated Adult Cleft Facial Augmentation Clinic.

Methods

Retrospective case note review was undertaken of all patients treated in the clinic over a two-year period.

Results

20 patients underwent HA filler injections to the upper lip 26 times. Most were female (F:M = 3:1) and patients were aged 18-58 years. Most patients had a unilateral cleft lip +/− palate (n = 13, 65%). The most common indication was to address upper lip volume (n = 13, 65%). Other indications included vermillion notch (n = 5, 25%), cupid bow peak height asymmetry (n = 4, 20%), scar asymmetry (n = 1, 5%) and nasal sill flattening (n = 1, 5%). Small volumes of filler were used with an average of 0.34 ml (range 0.05-1.2 ml). There were no complications and one patient reported pruritis post procedure.

Conclusions

HA filler is a safe and reliable treatment for certain aspects of asymmetry following cleft lip repair. It can be used to address volume deficiency and asymmetry, cupid bow peak height discrepancies and a vermillion notch for patients who do not want surgery. Injection of HA to the lips can be performed easily, with appropriate training, in the outpatient setting.
Evaluation of chemotherapy infusion and phlebitis among cancer patients: A prospective observational single-center study
Authors: Sudhakar Shivani , Jacob Angelamol , Hegde Nidisha N , Chaudhary Raushan Kumar , Mateti Uday Venkat , Shetty Vijith
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Chemotherapy is an integral part of cancer management which is associated with phlebitis in around 70% of patients receiving intravenous chemotherapy infusion. Thus, we aimed to estimate the incidence, severity, and management of phlebitis associated with chemotherapy infusion among cancer patients.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted among 145 patients receiving intravenous chemotherapy for the duration of six months in the oncology department. The relevant data for phlebitis was obtained and assessed using Phlebitis Grading Scale and Visual Analogue Scale for the assessment of severity and pain due to phlebitis, respectively.

Results

Out of 145 patients, female (56.6%) patients predominated over male patients (43.5%) with a mean age of 53.5 ± 11.82 years. Phlebitis was encountered in 30.34% of patients among whom 22.8% (33) were females followed by 7.6% were males and the majority of patients (13.1%) were from the 46 to 60 years age group. Phlebitis was observed frequently among stage 2 (11%) and satge 4 (11%) patients. The highest incidence of phlebitis was seen among hypertensive (34.09%) and diabetic patients (27.27%) followed by those receiving chemotherapy through the 20-gauge intravenous cannula (22.8%) and 22-gauge (6.9%). Platinum compounds (56.8%) were commonly associated with phlebitis, followed by cyclophosphamide (20.5%). Heparin and benzyl nicotinate topical gel were used to treat phlebitis.

Conclusion

Platinum and cyclophosphamide are commonly associated with phlebitis which can be managed by topical heparin plus benzyl nicotinate. Phlebitis shouldn’t be ignored as it has a high incidence, affects the quality of life, and increases the treatment burden.
Patient-reported outcomes for oral oncolytic therapy: A pilot study utilizing an electronic patient portal in a community cancer center
Authors: Saadeh Claire , Hill Maja , Snowaert Samuel
Published: March 2023

Objective

A pilot project was initiated to determine the feasibility of using an electronic patient portal, MyChart, for documentation of patient-reported outcomes for those receiving treatment with an oral oncolytic.

Methods

Documentation of patient-reported outcomes within the electronic medical record before and after implementing questionnaires through the use of MyChart was compared. Additional outcomes that were assessed included patient confidence and satisfaction, adherence rate, side effects, and documentation of provider interventions.

Results

Our findings indicate that the use of an electronic patient portal significantly increased the number of encounters documented within the electronic medical record from 1.8% ( N = 19 patients; 1 out of 55 potential encounters; retrospective analysis) to 27.5% ( N = 15 patients; 14 out of 51 potential encounters; prospective analysis) for those who utilized an electronic patient portal ( p < 0.001). Patient confidence and satisfaction were high, the adherence rate was 100% at 4 months, and side effects were generally mild. Provider follow-up was documented in the electronic medical record in 6 out of 8 patients when a flagged response was identified.

Conclusions

This pilot study indicates that the use of an electronic patient portal, MyChart, was feasible and improved documentation of patient-reported outcomes within the electronic medical record. Several information technologies and patient barriers were encountered throughout. Careful selection of patients who will embrace this technology is important.
The effect of ACE2 receptor, IFN-γ, and TNF-α polymorphisms on the severity and prognosis of the disease in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Esen Sayın Gülensoy , Basak Celtikci , Leyla Özer , Aslıhan Alhan , Evrim Eylem Akpınar
Published: March 2023

To investigate the effect of genetic variations in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), interferon (IFNG) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) genes on the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Between September and December 2021, 33 patients with COVID-19 were included in this prospective study. The patients were classified and compared according to disease severity: mild&moderate (n = 26) vs severe&critical (n = 7). These groups were evaluated to assess possible relationships with ACE, TNF-α and IFNG gene variations using univariate and multivariable analyses. The median age of the mild&moderate group was 45.5 (22–73), and that of the severe&critical group was 58 (49–80) years (p = 0.014). Seventeen (65.4%) of the mild&moderate patients and 3 (42.9%) of severe&critical patients were female (p = 0.393). According to results of univariate analysis, the percentage of patients with the c.418-70C>G variant of the ACE gene was significantly higher in the mild&moderate group (p = 0.027). The ACE gene polymorphisms, c.2312C>T, c.3490G>A, c.3801C>T, and c.731A>G, were each only seen in separate patients with critical disease. The following variants were observed more frequently in the mild&moderate group: c.582C>T, c.3836G>A, c.511+66A>G, c.1488-58T>C, c.3281+25C>T, c.1710-90G>C, c.2193A> G, c.3387T>C for ACE; c.115-3delT for IFNG; and c.27C>T for TNF. It can be expected that patients carrying the ACE gene c.418-70C>G variant may present with a mild clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Several genetic polymorphisms may be associated with pathophysiology, as they appear to help predict COVID-19 severity and enable early identification of the patients requiring aggressive treatment.
Functional Impairments Associated With ADHD in Adulthood and the Impact of Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Kosheleff Alisa R. , Mason Oren , Jain Rakesh , Koch Jennifer , Rubin Jonathan
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Among untreated adults, functional impairments associated with ADHD are widespread and cumulative, and can include social, educational, and professional impairments, increased risk of accidents and mortality, and reduced quality of life. Here, we review the most prominent functional impairments in adults with ADHD and summarize evidence describing the potential role of medication in improving outcomes.

Method:

Articles related to the search terms “ADHD,” “adult,” and functional impairments were identified through Google Scholar and PubMed and selected for inclusion based on four criteria: strength of evidence, relevance to current challenges in adult ADHD, impact on the field, and recency of the results.

Results:

We identified 179 papers to support the conclusions on the relationship between ADHD and functional impairments, and the impact of pharmacological therapy on functional impairments.

Conclusion:

This narrative review provides evidence that pharmacological treatment can be effective in minimizing not only the symptoms of ADHD, but its functional consequences as well.
Kerosene Biodegradation by Highly Efficient Indigenous Bacteria Isolated From Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Sites
Authors: Bekele Gessesse Kebede , Gebrie Solomon Abera , Abda Ebrahim M. , Sinshaw Gebiru , Haregu Simatsidk , Negie Zemene Worku , Tafesse Mesfin , Assefa Fasil
Published: March 2023

Kerosene is widely used in Ethiopia as a household fuel (for lighting and heating), as a solvent in paint and grease, and as a lubricant in glass cutting. It causes environmental pollution and escorts to loss of ecological functioning and health problems. Therefore, this research was designed to isolate, identify, and characterize indigenous kerosene-degrading bacteria that are effective in cleaning ecological units that have been contaminated by kerosene. Soil samples were collected from hydrocarbon-contaminated sites (flower farms, garages, and old-aged asphalt roads) and spread-plated on mineral salt medium (Bushnell Hass Mineral Salts Agar Medium: BHMS), which consists of kerosene as the only carbon source. Seven kerosene-degrading bacterial species were isolated, 2 from flower farms, 3 from garage areas, and 2 from asphalt areas. Three genera from hydrocarbon-contaminated sites were identified, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter using biochemical characterization and the Biolog database. Growth studies in the presence of various concentrations of kerosene (1% and 3% v/v) showed that the bacterial isolates could metabolize kerosene as energy and biomass. Thereby, a gravimetric study was performed on bacterial strains that proliferated well on a BHMS medium with kerosene. Remarkably, bacterial isolates were able to degrade 5% kerosene from 57.2% to 91% in 15 days. Moreover, 2 of the most potent isolates, AUG2 and AUG1, resulted in 85% and 91% kerosene degradation, respectively, when allowed to grow on a medium containing kerosene. In addition, 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain AAUG1 belonged to Bacillus tequilensis, whereas isolate AAUG showed the highest similarity to Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, these indigenous bacterial isolates have the potential to be applied for kerosene removal from hydrocarbon-contaminated sites and the development of remediation approaches.
Fine-grained tourism demand forecasting: A decomposition ensemble deep learning model
Authors: Bi Jian-Wu , Han Tian-Yu , Yao Yanbo
Published: March 2023

Compared with coarse-grained forecasting, fine-grained tourism demand forecasting is a more challenging task, but research on this issue is very scarce. To address this issue, a decomposition ensemble deep learning model is proposed by integrating CEEMDAN, CNNs, LSTM networks, and AR models. The CEEMDAN can decompose complex tourism demand data into multiple components with simpler characteristics, thereby reducing the complexity of forecasting. The CNNs and LSTM networks can fully capture the locally recurring patterns and the long-term dependencies of the components obtained by CEEMDAN. The AR model can capture the scale of tourism demand data, which can overcome the problem that the output scale of the deep neural networks (i.e., CNNs and LSTM networks) is not sensitive to the scale of the inputs. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by comparing with five benchmark models using real-time data on tourist volumes at two attractions.
Can we use deliberation to change evaluation systems? How an advisory group contributed to policy change
Authors: Dahler-Larsen Peter
Published: March 2023

One of the most dominant trends in the field of evaluation in recent years is the institutionalization of evaluation under headlines such as “evaluation culture,” “evaluation policy,” and “evaluation systems.” There has been less interest in how evaluation systems can be changed, modified, or improved, not to mention deinstitutionalized, if necessary. Can a variety of stakeholders deliberate about the consequences of an evaluation system, and can it lead to policy change? A case study of a ministerial advisory group on national tests in Denmark shows how specific challenges were dealt with, such as the design of the deliberative process, the potential dominance of experts, and the distinction between technical-evaluative and practical-political arguments, and how these maneuvers paved the way for policy change. Based on the case study, the article discusses the prospects for democratic deliberation about evaluation systems.
Predictors of help-seeking behavior in mothers of preschoolers
Authors: Jackson Samuel T , Jaeger Allison J , Del Vecchio Tamara
Published: March 2023

Mental health difficulties in the preschool years require early intervention, but preschool children are underserved in mental healthcare. One explanation might be that parents do not seek services because their problem recognition, or labeling, ability is lacking. While previous research demonstrates that labeling is positively associated with help-seeking, interventions aimed at improving help-seeking by improving labeling are not always successful. Parental perceptions of severity, impairment, and stress also predict help-seeking, but have not been examined alongside labeling. Thus, it is unclear how much they add to the parental help-seeking process. The present study simultaneously examined labeling and parental perceptions of severity, impairment, and stress on help-seeking. Participants (82 adult mothers of children ages 3–5 years) read vignettes describing preschool-aged children with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and ADHD, and answered a series of questions to assess their labeling and likelihood of help-seeking for each of the problems presented. Help-seeking was found to be positively associated with labeling ( r = .73; r = .60), severity ( r = .66), impairment ( r = .31), and stress ( r = .25). Furthermore, severity, impairment, and stress predicted endorsements of help-seeking above and beyond what was predicted by labeling alone ( R 2 change = .12; χ2 (3) = 20.03, p < .01). These results underscore the importance of parental perceptions of children’s behavior to the help-seeking process.
‘I felt like my senses were under attack’: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of experiences of hypersensitivity in autistic individuals
Authors: Taels Liesbeth , Feyaerts Jasper , Lizon Marie , De Smet Melissa , Vanheule Stijn
Published: March 2023

While atypical sensory processes have become central to scientific explanatory models of autism, such models usually do not explicitly address first-person experiences of sensory processes by autistic individuals. Detailed phenomenological research of this subjective domain is nonetheless essential to ground explanatory accounts in the actual experiences and challenges faced by autistic individuals. Therefore, our study consisted of an interpretative phenomenological analysis of 18 semi-structured interviews with autistic individuals about their experiences of hypersensitivity. Overall, our analysis showed how hypersensitivity pertained to disturbances at a basic level of bodily self-experience and also affected other crucial phenomenological experiential dimensions such as the subjective perception of time and space, sense-making processes, intersubjectivity, and moods. Hypersensitivities were described by participants as intrusive experiences of being vulnerably exposed to overwhelming stimuli that invaded their bodies and were simultaneously related to an invasive, chaotic, unpredictable or threatening perception of the (social) environment. Our study highlights the impact of hypersensitivities on experiential domains outside the strict sensory register, thereby providing further evidence for altered sensory processing as a potential core mechanism involved in a variety of autistic symptoms. Our study also indicates the clinical importance of therapeutic interventions that act on a fragile sense of embodiment in autism.

Lay abstract

Research shows that the way autistic individuals perceive and process sensory stimuli differs from those of non-autistic people. However, while current research often focuses on what sensory differences in autism are and which neurocognitive processes may explain these, it often does not explicitly address what it is like to experience the world through the senses of an autistic person. To explore this understudied dimension, we conducted 18 in-depth interviews with autistic individuals in order to better understand how they personally experienced hypersensitivity from a first-person perspective. Participants described hypersensitivity as a feeling of being bombarded by intrusive stimuli that seemed to invade their bodies and from which they had difficulties distancing themselves. They also indicated how due to hypersensitivity they often perceived their (social) environment as invasive, chaotic, unpredictable or threatening. Hypersensitivities were thus not only described as unsettling bodily experiences but also related to challenges in perceiving, understanding and interacting with the (social) world. By focussing on the subjective dimension of sensory processing in autism, our study thus highlights how sensory difficulties are not peripheral features of autism but play an essential part in the daily challenges faced by autistic individuals.
Coping with a language loss: A case of linguistic and cultural re-encoding of memories in language attriters
Authors: Sorokina Anastasia
Published: March 2023

Aims and objectives:

This study investigates the effects of language loss on bilingual autobiographical memory. More specifically, the study focuses on whether severe language loss would lead to any linguistic changes and/or interfere with how memories are recalled and shared.

Methodology:

Autobiographical memories were elicited with the help of a cued-recall technique and memory questionnaire from two groups of immigrants—attriters (who experienced significant language loss) and bilinguals (who retained their first language proficiency).

Data and analysis:

The data set consisted of pre-immigration memories that were originally encoded in the first language, Russian. The frequency of recall (i.e., sharing memories with others as well as reminiscing) and linguistic components (i.e., words) of memories elicited from the attriters and bilinguals were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.

Findings and conclusion:

Overall, attriters were able to recall memories that were originally encoded in the forgotten language. They also reported reminiscing about their pre-immigration memories and sharing their memories with others. However, attriters revealed that the pre-immigration memories came to them with words in the second language, English, which was not the case with bilinguals. Attriters also reframed memories for several Russian culture-specific items and events. This finding is indicative of memory re-encoding—a phenomenon when memories are updated, stored, and subsequently retrieved with added information. While this finding points to the bilingual mind’s ability to adapt to language loss, it may also suggest linguistic and cultural assimilation under the influence of the new language and culture.

Originality:

This is the first investigation of autobiographical memory in bilinguals with severe language loss that highlights the malleability and adaptability of the bilingual mind as well as the importance of language maintenance.
Search engine effects on news consumption: Ranking and representativeness outweigh familiarity in news selection
Authors: Ulloa Roberto , Kacperski Celina Sylwia
Published: March 2023

While individuals’ trust in search engine results is well-supported, little is known about their preferences when selecting news. We use web-tracked behavioral data across a 2-month period (280 participants) and we analyze three competing factors, two algorithmic (ranking and representativeness) and one psychological (familiarity), that could influence the selection of search results. We use news engagement as a proxy for familiarity and investigate news articles presented on Google search pages ( n = 1221). We find a significant effect of algorithmic factors but not of familiarity. We find that ranking plays a lesser role for news compared to non-news, suggesting a more careful decision-making process. We confirm that Google Search drives individuals to unfamiliar sources, and find that it increases the diversity of the political audience of news sources. We tackle the challenge of measuring social science theories in contexts shaped by algorithms, demonstrating their leverage over the behaviors of individuals.
Cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular Abnormalities and Cells of Origin
Authors: Testa Ugo , Pelosi Elvira , Castelli Germana
Published: March 2023

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are a group of heterogeneous epithelial malignancies that can originate at the level of any location of the biliary tree. These tumors are relatively rare but associated with a high rate of mortality. CCAs are morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous and for their location can be distinguished as intracellular and extracellular, subdivided into perihilar and distal. Recent epidemiological, molecular, and cellular studies have supported that the consistent heterogeneity observed for CCAs may result from the convergence of various key elements mainly represented by risk factors, heterogeneity of the associated molecular abnormalities at genetic and epigenetic levels and by different potential cells of origin. These studies have consistently contributed to better defining the pathogenesis of CCAs and to identify in some instances new therapeutic targets. Although the therapeutic progress were still limited, these observations suggest that a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CCA in the future will help to develop more efficacious treatment strategies.
Disappearing multiple visceral aneurysms in Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Authors: Pennetta Federico Francisco , Ferrer Ciro , Tonidandel Luca , Coscarella Carlo , Vagnarelli Simone , Giudice Rocco
Published: March 2023

Objective

To assess the complex management of arterial anomalies in Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (vEDS).

Methods

We report the case of a 34-year-old male, diagnosed with vEDS, who presented with acute intraperitoneal hemorrhage caused by the rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm, treated in emergency with coil embolization and splenectomy. Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed the concomitant presence of right renal artery (RRA) and common hepatic artery (CHA) aneurysms.

Results

Both aneurysms were conservatively managed and the patient went through serial CT imaging. After 3 months, rapid regression of the vascular abnormalities led to complete disappearing of RRA and CHA aneurysms, confirmed at 24-month imaging follow-up. In the same time span, two pseudoaneurysms developed in other sites used for transarterial access, requiring two secondary interventions. The present case emphasizes the unpredictability of disease’s evolution and arterial complications in vEDS. Conservative management of complex lesions such as visceral artery aneurysms, which in this case resulted to be the best strategy, avoided the risks associated with surgical intervention in such fragile tissues. The reported complications underline that operative indications should be carefully weighed in these patients.
Disorientation and time distortions during the metro commute: An analysis of 456 responses to a questionnaire distributed in real time on Twitter during traffic disruptions in the Paris area
Authors: Perroy Bastien , Gurchani Umer , Casati Roberto
Published: March 2023

Public transport disruptions are conducive to disorientation narratives in which the temporal aspects of the experience are central, but it is difficult to collect psychometric data at the moment of disruption to quantify the occurring underlying feelings. We propose a new real-time survey distribution method based on travellers’ interaction with disruption announcements on social media. We analyse 456 responses in the Paris area and find that travellers experience time slowing down and their destination feeling temporally farther away when undergoing traffic disruptions. Time dilation is more pronounced for people filling out the survey while still presently experiencing the disruption, suggesting that over time people remember a compressed version of their disorientation. Conflicted time feelings about the disruption, e.g., both faster and slower feelings of the passage of time, appear the longer the recollection delay. Travellers in a stopped train seem to change their itinerary not because the alternative journey feels shorter (it does not), but because it makes time pass faster. Time distortions are phenomenological hallmarks of public transport disruptions, but these distortions are poor predictors of confusion per se. Public transport operators can alleviate the time dilation experienced by their travellers by clearly stating whether they should reorient or wait for recovery when incidents occur. Our real-time survey distribution method can be used for the psychological study of crises, where a timely and targeted distribution is of paramount importance.
Prognostic impact of clinical outcome after endoscopic gastroduodenal stent placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a multicenter retrospective cohort study using a time-dependent analysis
Authors: Hodo Yuji , Takatori Hajime , Komura Takuya , Asahina Yoshiro , Chiba Tomoyoshi , Takabatake Hisashi , Hasatani Kenkei , Nishino Ryuhei , Yano Masaaki , Takata Yoshiko , Suda Tsuyoshi , Shugo Haruhiko , Nakanishi Hiroyoshi , Yamada Kazutoshi , Miwa Kazuhiro , Kaji Kiichiro , Nishitani Masaki , Miyazawa Masaki , Yamashita Taro
Published: March 2023

Background:

Endoscopic gastroduodenal stent (GDS) placement is widely used as a safe and effective method to rapidly improve gastrointestinal symptoms of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO). While previous studies reported the utility of chemotherapy after GDS placement for prognosis improvement, they did not fully address the issue of immortal time bias.

Objectives:

To examine the association between prognosis and clinical course following endoscopic GDS placement, using a time-dependent analysis.

Design:

Multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

This study included 216 MGOO patients who underwent GDS placement between April 2010 and August 2020. Data of patient baseline characteristics, including age, gender, cancer type, performance status (PS), GDS type and length, GDS placement location, gastric outlet obstruction scoring system (GOOSS) score, and history of chemotherapy before GDS were collected. The clinical course following GDS placement was evaluated by GOOSS score, stent dysfunction, cholangitis, and chemotherapy. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify prognostic factors after GDS placement. Stent dysfunction, post-stent cholangitis, and post-stent chemotherapy were analyzed as time-dependent covariates.

Results:

Mean GOOSS scores before and after GDS were 0.7 and 2.4, respectively, with significant improvement after GDS placement ( p < 0.001). The median survival time after GDS placement was 79 [95% confidence interval (CI): 68–103] days. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates, PS 0–1 [hazard ratio (HR): 0.55, 95% CI: 0.40–0.75; p < 0.001], ascites (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04–2.01; p = 0.028), metastasis (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.31–2.58; p < 0.001), post-stent cholangitis (HR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.37–4.15; p = 0.002), and post-stent chemotherapy (HR: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.002–0.10; p < 0.001) significantly affected prognosis after GDS placement.

Conclusion:

Post-stent cholangitis and tolerability to receive chemotherapy after GDS placement influenced prognosis in MGOO patients.
Long-term clinical outcomes of arthroscopic supraspinatus tendon repair using the single anchor tension band technique - Minimum 5-years follow-up
Authors: Galbraith John G , Davey Martin S , Bigsby Ewan , Mohammed Khalid D , Malone Alex A
Published: March 2023

Background

The primary aim of this study was to assess the long-term patient reported outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff tear (ARCR) using a single anchor tension band (TB) technique for small and medium supraspinatus tears at minimum 5-years follow-up.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of consecutive ARCRs of small and medium supraspinatus tears using a knotless single anchor TB technique with minimum 5-year follow-up was carried out. Outcomes of interest included: range of motion (ROM) on examination under anaesthesia (EUA), visual analogue scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and Short-Form (SF-12).

Results

From 243 consecutive ARCR procedures, 82 patients with a mean age of 55 ± 9.5 years met the inclusion criteria at 6.7 ± 1.5 years follow-up. There were significant improvements in VAS (5.5 ± 2.2 vs. 0.7 ± 1.5), ASES (47.6 ± 16.8 vs. 92.8 ± 13.0), OSS (31.3 ± 7.2 vs. 45.3 ± 3.5) and SF-12 (37.6 ± 7.6 vs. 50.3 ± 7.7) post-operatively (all p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The single anchor TB ARCR technique has excellent patient reported outcomes at a minimum of 5 years and is suitable for supraspinatus tears smaller than 20 mm in the sagittal plane.

Level of evidence

Level IV; Consecutive Case Series
A 10.5-year follow-up of walking with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Bonnefoy-Mazure Alice , De Coulon Geraldo , Lascombes Pierre , Bregou Aline , Armand Stéphane
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe gait evolution in patients with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP) using modified Gait Profile Score (mGPS without hip rotation), Gait Variable Score (GVS), walking speed, and the observed effects of single-level surgery (SLS) after 10 years.

Methods:

Fifty-two patients with USCP (Gross Motor Function Classification System I) and data from two Clinical Gait Analyses (CGAs) were included. The evolution of patients’ mGPS, GVS, and walking speed were calculated. Two “no surgery” and “single-level surgery” patient categories were analyzed. Paired t-tests were used to compare the data between CGAs and as a function of treatment category. Pearson’s correlations were used to examine relationships between baseline values and evolutions in mGPS and walking speed.

Results:

Mean ages (SD) at first and last CGAs were 9.3 (3.2) and 19.7 (6.0) years old, respectively, with an average follow-up of 10.5 (5.6) years. Mean mGPS for the patients’ affected side was significantly lower at the last CGA for the full cohort: baseline = 8.5° (2.1) versus follow-up = 7.2° (1.6), effect size = 0.73, p < 0.001. Significant improvements in mGPS and GVS for ankle and foot progression were found for the SLS group. The mGPS change and mGPS at baseline (r = −0.79, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated.

Conclusions:

SLS patients demonstrated a positive long-term change in gait pattern over time. The group that had undergone surgery had worse gait scores at baseline than the group that had not, but the SLS group’s last CGA scores were relatively closer to those of the “no surgery” group.

Level of evidence:

This was a retrospective comparative therapeutic study (level III).
Postural Control Deficits During Static Single-leg Stance in Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xue Xiao’ao , Wang Yiran , Xu Xiaoyun , Li Hong , Li Qianru , Na Yuyan , Tao Weichu , Yu Le , Jin Zhengbiao , Li Hongyun , Wang Ru , Hua Yinghui
Published: March 2023

Context:

Postural control deficits arising from injured ankles are central to chronic ankle instability (CAI) and its persistent symptoms. This is usually measured by recording the center of pressure (CoP) trajectory during static single-leg stance using a stable force plate. However, existing studies have produced conflicting results on whether this mode of measurement adequately reveals the postural deficits in CAI.

Objective:

To determine whether postural control during static single-leg stance is impaired in CAI patients when compared with uninjured healthy controls.

Data Sources:

Literature databases, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus, were searched from inception to April 1, 2022, using ankle-, injury-, and posture-related terms.

Study Selection:

Two authors independently performed the step-by-step screening of article titles, abstracts, and full texts to select peer-reviewed studies investigating CoP trajectory during static single-leg stance using a stable force plate in CAI patients and healthy controls. A total of 13,637 studies were reviewed, and 38 studies (0.003%) met the selection criteria.

Study Design:

Meta-analyses of descriptive epidemiological study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

CoP parameters, sway directions, visual condition, and numerical data (means and standard deviations) were extracted.

Results:

The injured ankles of CAI patients had higher standard deviations of sway amplitude in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.36 and 0.31, respectively) under conditions of open eyes than controls. Higher mean sway velocity in anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and total directions (SMD = 0.41, 0.37, and 0.45, respectively) with closed eyes was also found.

Conclusion:

CAI patients had deficits of postural control during static single-leg stance, and these deficits were identified by the CoP trajectory. Further methodological explorations of CoP parameters and corresponding test conditions are required to enhance the sensitivity and reliability of postural deficit assessments in CAI using force plates.
Editorial introduction: Towards a machinic anthropology
Authors: Pedersen Morten Axel
Published: March 2023

Bringing together a motley crew of social scientists and data scientists, the aim of this special theme issue is to explore what an integration or even fusion between anthropology and data science might look like. Going beyond existing work on the complementarity between ‘thick’ qualitative and ‘big’ quantitative data, the ambition is to unsettle and push established disciplinary, methodological and epistemological boundaries by creatively and critically probing various computational methods for augmenting and automatizing the collection, processing and analysis of ethnographic data, and vice versa. Can ethnographic and other qualitative data and methods be integrated with natural language processing tools and other machine-learning techniques, and if so, to what effect? Does the rise of data science allow for the realization of Levi-Strauss’ old dream of a computational structuralism, and even if so, should it? Might one even go as far as saying that computers are now becoming agents of social scientific analysis or even thinking: are we about to witness the birth of distinctly anthropological forms of artificial intelligence? By exploring these questions, the hope is not only to introduce scholars and students to computational anthropological methods, but also to disrupt predominant norms and assumptions among computational social scientists and data science writ large.
Creative Art Therapy for Improving Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients with Stroke: A Quasi-Interventional Study
Authors: Alwledat Khadeja , Al-Amer Rasmieh , Ali Amira Mohammed , Abuzied Yacoub , Adnan Khudeir Feras , Alzahrani Naif S. , Alshammari Saleh R. , AlBashtawy Mohammed , Thananayagam Thanuja , Dehghan Mahlagha
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Creative art therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach used to enhance the mental health status of patients.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of creative art therapy on the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in Jordanian patients following stroke.

Methods

One-group pretest–posttest design was used; it included four sessions of creative art therapy which were conducted as two sessions for two weeks. This study recruited 85 participants who were within three months poststroke diagnosis. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale was used to assess the levels of psychological reactions pre and post creative art therapy intervention.

Results

The data showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in the levels of depression ( t = 37.98; p < .001), anxiety ( t = 20.59, p < .001), and stress ( t = 35.52, p < .001) post-intervention. There was a statistically significant improvement in the study-related psychological aspects following creative art therapy.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that creative art therapy is a valuable method to complement other types of treatments among patients with stroke, resulting in positive patient mental health outcomes. Creative art therapy could be used as a psychotherapeutic approach to manage mental health complexities among patients with stroke. Health policymakers are invited to use the findings of this study to establish tailored counselor services using this new psychotherapeutic approach.