bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in dental treatment plan and planning for drug‐addicted and non‐drug‐addicted patients
Authors: Horst Guusje ter , Molendijk Bert , Brouwer Elvi , Verhey Hans G. C.
Published: May 2006

Abstract This study investigated whether dental treatment plans and planning of general practitioners are different for addicted and identical non‐addicted patients. Dental practitioners (n=500) were sent a questionnaire with information on and questions about treatment for either an addicted or an identical non‐addicted patient; response rate was 41%. Loglinear analysis showed that after controlling for the influence of four demographic variables (sex, age, number pf patients and number of National Health Service insured patients), the treatment plans made for addicted patients were less elaborate than those for the non‐addicted. For the addicted, fillings or frames were proposed more often, whereas for non‐addicted patients more often crowns or bridges were proposed. Extraction instead of filling was more often proposed for the addicted patient. Less elaborate treatment for addicted patients corresponds to the way dentists specialized in treating drug addicts work, with one exception: extraction should be avoided whether a patient is addicted or not. Treatment planning did not differentiate for addicted and non‐addicted patients, whereas dentists specialized in treating addicted patients do recommend an adjusted treatment plan for the addicted.
Variability in recording and grading the need for orthodontic treatment using the handicapping malocclusion assessment record, occlusal index and dental aesthetic index
Authors: Otuyemi O. D. , Noar J. H.
Published: May 2006

Abstract This investigation evaluates three malocclusion treatment need indices, the Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record (HMAR), the Occlusal Index (OI) and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), for reliability and inter‐index correlation. Pretreatment study models of 30 cases (mean age 12.9 years, SD 1.2) were assessed using each index. All the indices demonstrated a high level of reliability and non could be selected over the other with regards intra‐examiner differences. The DAI, however, was more time‐saving (2.68 mins, SD 0.41) and simple lo use. The highest correlation was between HMAR and OI (r=0.87, P<0.001) which is a reflection of the similarity in their design. This study also discusses the limitations of the three indices.
Dental caries in Danish children and adolescents 1988–94
Authors: Poulsen S.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The present study is based on data reported from the Danish Municipal Oral Health Service for children and adolescents to the National Board of Health from 1988 to 1994. Only data from municipalities with public clinics for children and adolescents and only age‐groups for which reporting was compulsory are included. When each cohort was followed during the years 1988 to 1994, it was shown that caries increment had only decreased slightly in both the deciduous dentition (from 3 to 6 yr) and in the permanent dentition (from 7 to 15 yr) during the beginning of the period and was now almost identical from one cohort to the next. The distribution of individuals in four selected age‐groups according to defs and DMFS has become constant during the late 1980s and the early 1990s. It is concluded that the constant decrease in dental caries in Danish children and adolescents observed during the 1970s and early 1980s has now come to a halt.
On the pH‐lowering potential of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci from dental plaque related to the prevalence of caries
Authors: Borgström Margareta Krasse , Sullivan ÅRsa , Granath Lars , Nilsson Gertie
Published: May 2006

Abstract The common method used today to identify persons at risk of dental caries is to estimate the numbers of cariogenic bacteria such as lactobacilli and mutans streptococci in saliva or plaque samples taken from the patient. However, the value of these bacterial counts for explaining and predicting individuals at risk of caries has not been powerful enough. Evaluating one virulence factor such as the acidogenicity of these bacteria might increase their explanatory values for caries. Sixty children aged 14–15 yrs participated in this study. Smooth surface caries and restorations were registered and total plaque samples collected. Counts of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci were estimated, and the pH‐lowering potential of both bacteria was measured in an adapted glucose broth. The results showed a weak association between dental caries and lactobacilli, but in the subgroup with this bacterium the explanatory value increased to 14% and in the subgroup with a strong pH‐lowering potential it was as high as 27%. For mutans streptococci the associations were weak in all groups.
Dental fluorosis and the use of a high fluoride‐containing trona tenderizer (magadi)
Authors: Mabelya L. , van Palenstein Helderman W. H. , van't Hof M. A. , König K. G.
Published: May 2006

Abstract It has recently been suggested that magadi, a high‐fluoride trona, which is added in cooking to tenderize certain vegetables and beans in two villages in Tanzania, significantly contributed to the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis. This report aims to substantiate the significance of magadi as a determinant of dental fluorosis. Eighteen villages in four geographical areas (districts) with water supplies containing 0.2 to 0.8 mg/L of fluoride were selected. All schoolchildren aged 12 to 17 years (n= 1566) who had been born and raised in these villages were examined for dental fluorosis according to the Thylstrup‐Fejerskov Index. Dietary history was recorded. The fluoride content of magadi samples was determined and the urinary fluoride excretion of pre‐schoolchildren was assessed. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in nine coastal villages where tea and seafish were regularly consumed ranged from 7% to 46%. Severe (pitting) dental fluorosis was rarely seen. The low fluorosis levels observed in non‐magadi consuming communities in coastal villages indicate that a fluoride content of up to 0.8 mg/L in drinking water is acceptable under the prevailing conditions of temperature and diet. In contrast, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in nine villages located inland at 1500 m altitude, where fluoride‐containing magadi was consumed, ranged from 53% to 100%, and severe (pitting) fluorosis was highly prevalent, ranging from 18% to 97%. The village with the highest fluoride content in the magadi samples collected showed the highest level of fluorosis. The urinary fluoride excretion of pre‐schoolchildren from different villages corresponded with the level of fluorosis and the fluoride content in the magadi samples of the respective villages. Data on dental fluorosis from the magadi‐consuming communities provide strong evidence that consumption of magadi was the major determinant of the observed high prevalence and severity of fluorosis in inland villages at 1500 m altitude.
Two types of intraoral distribution of fluorotic enamel
Authors: van Palenstein Helderman W. H. , Mabelya L. , van't Hot M. A. , König K. G.
Published: May 2006

Abstract Different distributions of fluorotic dental enamel within the dentition have been described in the literature. This report describes two patterns of intraoral distribution. In nine Tanzanian low fluorosis communities with a prevalence of pitting fluorosis of less than 2% and in live moderate fluorosis communities with a prevalence of pitting fluorosis of 16–59%, incisors and first molars were the least affected teeth. In four high fluorosis communities with a prevalence of pitting fluorosis of 86–97%, maxillary incisors exhibited lower Thylstrup‐Fejerskov Index values than the maxillary canines, premolars and molars. The mandibular teeth exhibited increasing Thylstrup‐Fejerskov Index values from the anterior to the posterior region. The curves presenting the intraoral distribution of the severity of dental fluorosis corresponded with the curve presenting the completion time of primary enamel formation of the various tooth types, with the exception of the first molars in high fluorosis communities. The similarity of the curves suggests that the later in life enamel is completed, the higher is the severity of dental fluorosis. This relation seems to be explained by the prevailing feeding and dietary habits, which result in minimal intake of fluoride in the first 18 months of life during breastfeeding, followed by increasing fluoride ingestion in the following years through consumption of tea, seafish and F‐containing magadi salt.
Predicting which adult patients will need treatment over the next year
Authors: Worthington Helen , Holloway Philip , Clarkson Jan , Davies Robin
Published: May 2006

Abstract This prospective study was conducted to determine factors important in predicting which regularly attending adult patients would receive first, restorations or extractions for any reason (receiving treatment) and, second, restorations or extractions undertaken specifically for caries (receiving treatment related to caries). Baseline and incremental clinical data were obtained from 24 general dental practitioners on a group of their regularly attending, dentate adult patients over a 12‐month period. The patients completed a postal questionnaire with questions relating to dental health behaviour, attitudes, knowledge, and social factors. Complete data were obtained from 2553 patients. Thirty‐one variables were identified as potential predictors for the two dependent variables receiving treatment and receiving treatment related to caries, and logistic regression models were fitted. Receiving treatment was associated with having fewer sound teeth and more anterior fillings, posterior fillings and crowns (P<0.001). The dentist's prediction of the need for treatment related to caries and the patient's own prediction of the need for a filling were also important in the model (P<0.001). Some of these variables, together with having received recent medical treatment and taking sugar in tea or coffee were also found to predict treatment related to caries. The model for receiving treatment related to caries was more successful at predicting the patient's individual risk but the model for receiving treatment was slightly better at classifying patients into whether or not they received treatment. It is reassuring that the common assumptions made by the dental practitioners of their patient's risk have received statistical validation.
Derivation and validation of a short‐form oral health impact profile
Authors: Slade Gary D.
Published: May 2006

Abstract Growing recognition that quality of life is an important outcome of dental care has created a need for a range of instruments to measure oral health‐related quality of life. This study aimed to derive a subset of items from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐49) ‐ a 49‐item questionnaire that measures people's perceptions of the impact of oral conditions on their well‐being. Secondary analysis was conducted using data from an epidemiologic study of 1217 people aged 60+ years in South Australia. Internal reliability analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis were undertaken to derive a subset (OHIP‐14) questionnaire and its validity was evaluated by assessing associations with sociodemographic and clinical oral status variables. Internal reliability of the OHIP‐14 was evaluated using Cronbach's coefficient α. Regression analysis yielded an optimal set of 14 questions. The OHIP‐14 accounted for 94% of variance in the OHIP‐49; had high reliability (α=0.88); contained questions from each of the seven conceptual dimensions of the OHIP‐49; and had a good distribution of prevalence for individual questions. OHIP‐14 scores and OHIP‐49 scores displayed the same pattern of variation among sociodemographic groups of older adults. In a multivariate analysis of dentate people, eight oral status and sociodemographic variables were associated (P<0.05) with both the OHIP‐49 and the OHIP‐14. While it will be important to replicate these findings in other populations, the findings suggest that the OHIP‐14 has good reliability, validity and precision.
Symptoms experienced during periods of actual and supposed water fluoridation
Authors: Lamberg Matti , Hausen Hannu , Vartiainen Terttu
Published: May 2006

Abstract Fluoridation of water is a controversial measure because of the suspicion that it has harmful effects on health. Opinions differ as to the reality of these fears. In Kuopio, after distressing disputes over the fluoridation issue, the City Council decided to stop fluoridation at the end of 1992. In fact, however, it was discontinued at the end of November, one month early, without the public being told. The aim of this study was to find out whether the occurrence of 25 selected symptoms was connected with exposure to fluoridated water. In order to do this we compared the prevalence of symptoms during the months before and after the undisclosed cessation of fluoridation and after the cessation had been officially announced. Postal inquiries concerning symptoms were sent to 1000 randomly selected adults in November, to a further 1000 in December 1992 and again to the same 2000 people in March 1993. The response rates were 40–26%. The percentage of those with two or more symptoms was the same (45%) in November and in December but decreased to 32% in March. The mean number of symptoms per respondent decreased from 1.9 in November to 1.4 in March (P<0.001) and in December‐March from 1.8 to 1.2. The decrease was most significant for symptoms related to the skin. Since the occurrence and mean number of symptoms were fairly similar during actual and supposed fluoridation, the results do not support the theory that the symptoms considered in this study are caused by the physical effect of fluoridated water. On the other hand, the significant reduction in the number of symptoms only after the respondents had become aware of the discontinuation of fluoridation reveals that fluoridation may have psychological effects which present as perceived symptoms.
Effectiveness of a dental preventive program on plaque index results in 8‐year‐old children of Bergamo, Italy
Authors: Mazzocchi Alberto R. , Moretti Roberto
Published: May 2006

Abstract The study presents the results of a preventive program based on a children's book and carried out in the elementary schools of Bergamo, Italy. The book was published to improve 8‐year‐old schoolchildren's knowledge of primary dentition, dental plaque, nutrition, oral hygiene, fluoride and regular dental visits. The study was experimental. A total of 440 schoolchildren were selected to test the effectiveness of the book. They were divided into four groups: two groups underwent the training program and the other two were control groups. Measurements were made using the Quigley‐Hein index before and after the program. A significant difference reduction of the plaque index of –0.6 was observed (P<0.005).
Patterns of dental caries severity in Chinese kindergarten children
Authors: Wong May C. M. , Schwarz Eli , Lo Edward C. M.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The dental caries status of a population group is traditionally described by mean values of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces (DMFT or S). Because of the limitations of the DMF values alone, additional measures of dental caries become important. A system of describing the pattern of dental caries attack hierarchically according to severity of caries was suggested by Poulsen & Horowitz (Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1974;2:7–11). The purpose of the present study was to analyze caries data from a group of 3–6‐year‐old Chinese kindergarten children according to this hierarchical system, assess the hierarchical assumptions of the system with deciduous teeth and evaluate its usefulness as an additional caries description for a kindergarten population. As part of a longitudinal field trial, baseline caries data were collected from 452 children. Caries was registered by tooth surface without the use of radiographs. Each child was assigned to one of six mutually exclusive zones of increasing caries severity, from zone 0=caries free through zone 5, the most severe, assuming that once a child was classified into a given zone it automatically belonged to all zones of lesser severity (except zone 0). On the basis of the original six zones. 61% of the children were classified correctly according to the hierarchical concept, but different alternative models which merged one or more zones together demonstrated varying percentages of correct classification, the cariologically most acceptable one placing 83% correctly. For each age group there was a close correlation between mean dmfs and increasing severity. The hierarchical model provides a valuable additional description of the caries status in deciduous teeth and is consistent with professional and epidemiological knowledge of caries attack patterns.
Consumer vs environmental productivity control of bacterial diversity and bacteria‐mediated organic matter decomposition
Authors: Jiang Lin , Adams Krumins Jennifer
Published: May 2006

We experimentally investigated the determinants (consumer vs environmental productivity) and functional consequences of bacterial diversity using a simple laboratory bacterial assemblage and the bacterivorous ciliated protistColpidium striatum. A two‐way factorial design was used, with two productivity levels crossed with the presence/absence ofColpidium striatum. The effects of productivity and predation on bacterial diversity were similar to those previously reported for plant diversity in systems characterized by high productivities, with increased productivity reducing diversity and predation increasing diversity. WhenColpidiumwas present, changes in trophic level biomass and individual bacterial species abundance in response to increased productivity were largely consistent with the keystone predation model. Importantly,Colpidiumpredation also resulted in an increase in particulate organic matter decomposition, largely due to an increase in the abundance of one single bacterial species that appeared resistant to predation. These results suggest that changes in community structure as a result of trophic interactions and other factors may have profound consequences for important ecosystem functions. We suggest that future research should take an integrative approach and study causes and consequences of biodiversity simultaneously.
Immunoprecipitation
Authors: Bonifacino Juan S. , Dell'Angelica Esteban C. , Springer Timothy A.
Published: May 2006

Immunoprecipitation is a technique in which an antigen is isolated by binding to a specific antibody attached to a sedimentable matrix. It is also used to analyze protein fractions separated by other biochemical techniques such as gel filtration or density gradient sedimentation. The source of antigen for immunoprecipitation can be unlabeled cells or tissues, metabolically or intrinsically labeled cells, or in vitro‐translated proteins. This unit describes a wide range of immunoprecipitation techniques, using either suspension or adherent cells lysed by various means (e.g., with and without detergent, using glass beads, etc.). Flow charts and figures give the user a clear‐cut explanation of the options for employing the technology.
Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction of Tissues
Authors: Cruz Francisco , Lee Richard T. , Huang Hayden
Published: May 2006

Cellular morphology is inherently three‐dimensional. However, most histological techniques for tissue analysis focus on extracting information from two‐dimensional slices of fixed samples or dissociated cells. These techniques result in a significant loss of the three‐dimensional information of the tissue, including true cell volume, orientation, and whole cell shape. This unit discusses various options for three‐dimensional imaging, provides a protocol for performing post‐processing reconstruction based on serial slicing, and discusses the current advantages and limitations of the three‐dimensional approach to quantitative tissue analysis. The focus of this protocol is on cardiac tissue, but the techniques can be applied to any solid tissue.
Mapping Chromatin Interactions by Chromosome Conformation Capture
Authors: Miele Adriana , Gheldof Nele , Tabuchi Tomoko M. , Dostie Josée , Dekker Job
Published: May 2006

Chromosome conformation capture (3C) is one of the only techniques that allows for analysis of an intermediate level of chromosome structure ranging from a few to hundreds of kilobases, a level most relevant for gene regulation. The 3C technique is used to detect physical interactions between sequence elements that are located on the same or on different chromosomes. For instance, physical interactions between distant enhancers and target genes can be measured. The 3C assay uses formaldehyde cross‐linking to trap connections between chromatin segments that can, after a number of manipulations, be detected by PCR. This unit describes detailed protocols for performing 3C with yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells.
Induction and Measurement of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Activity
Authors: Wonderlich John , Shearer Gene , Livingstone Alexandra , Brooks Andrew
Published: May 2006

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) kill target cells on the basis of cell‐surface antigen recognition and are important in the host response to tumors, transplants, and viruses. This unit presents several protocols for generating and measuring CTL activity. The first describes generating CTL against some of the most commonly used target antigens. Two methods for the quantitation of CTL activity are described based on the two pathways used bt CTL to kill target cells. In one pathway, they release lytic granules containing perforin and granzymes, leading to apoptosis and target cell lysis. In a second pathway, they trigger apoptosis via Fas/Fas ligand interactions. In the chromium‐release assay provided here, labeled antigenic targets are recognized and lysed, releasing radioactivity into the supernatant. In the JAM test protocol, CTL activity is determined by measuring degradation of radioactively labeled DNA in target cells that have undergone apoptotic cell death. Rather than measuring release of radioactivity, the JAM test measures the amount of DNA retained in target cells that are not killed by CTL. Two support protocols detail the generation of CTL precursors (CTLp) against antigens that require priming in vivo. A second set of support protocols describe the preparation of both stimulator and target cells for these responses using two representative antigens, trinitrophenyl and viruses. Finally, two alternate protocols illustrate how to determine total CTLp activity in a population that might express cytolytic activity. These protocols bypass MHC restriction and the original antigen specificity of CTLp by polyclonal stimulation of CTLp with mitogens followed by attachment of CTL to target cells and subsequent cytolysis.
The Purification and Functional Analysis of Human CD4+CD25high Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Baecher‐Allan Clare M. , Hafler David A.
Published: May 2006

Regulatory T cells were initially identified and isolated in the mouse, by virtue of their endogenous expression of CD25 (IL‐2R αchain) and shown to inhibit both the in vivo development of autoimmunity and the in vitro proliferation of nonregulatory, CD4+CD25− T cells. In contrast to mouse cells, human regulatory T cells are not purified by isolating all CD25‐expressing CD4 T cells ex vivo. Such cells can be isolated by targeting only the small percentage of human CD4 T cells that express high levels of CD25. This is best achieved by FACS sorting using the level of CD25 expressed on CD4− T cells to place the gate for discriminating high expression of CD25. This unit provides two widely used methods to isolate (FACS) or to enrich (magnetic beads) human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells from blood, along with an in vitro coculture assay to measure the anergic and suppressive features of human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.
Safe Use of Hazardous Chemicals
Authors: Lunn George , Lawler Gretchen
Published: May 2006

This appendix provides protocols for some commonly used disposal and decontamination procedures along with analytical techniques that are used to verify that reagents have been decontaminated. Some of the specific reagents covered are diaminobenzidine, ethidium bromide, cyanogen bromide and chloromethylsilane. With modification, these assays may also be used to determine the concentration of a particular chemical. Precautions are also detailed for routine handling of viable pathogenic microorganisms, as well as all human‐derived materials, because they may harbor dangerous pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), and a host of bacterial pathogens.
Modelling transport dynamics of contaminated sediments in the headwater of a hydropower plant at the Upper Rhine River
Authors: Jacoub George , Westrich Bernhard
Published: May 2006

Sediments are an essential habitat compartment in rivers, which is a subject to dynamic transport processes. In many rivers, the fine deposited sediments are contaminated with heavy metals and organic compounds. Contaminated deposits are considered as potential hot spots because of the risk of the mobilization under erosive hydraulic conditions. Numerical models for particulate contaminant transport are then necessary and can be applied to estimate and predict the potential impact of mobilized contaminants as an important contribution to sediment management. This paper focuses on the quantification of the amount of contaminated sediments resuspended during the extreme flood event in 1999 and the prediction of deposition one year after the flood event. To assess such erosive flood event, a 2D numerical transport model was developed to analyse the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation processes in the headwater of a cross dam at the Upper Rhine River. The dam consists of a weir, a hydropower plant, and a navigation lock. As the weir is operating only for flood management, a huge amount of sediment highly contaminated with the hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was deposited in the weir zone. Therefore, numerical simulations were performed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of deposited contaminated sediments as depending on the river discharge and its distribution to the hydraulic structures. The numerical investigation presented here is taken as a retrospective analysis of the contaminated sediment dynamics in the headwater to improve future sediment management.
Numerical modelling of floodplain hydraulics and suspended sediment transport and deposition at the event scale in the middle river Elbe, Germany
Authors: Büttner Olaf , Otte‐Witte Kai , Krüger Frank , Meon Günther , Rode Michael
Published: May 2006

The objective of this case study was to calibrate and verify detailed transport model of sediment in a 4‐kilometre stretch of the middle Elbe floodplains in Germany. The hydraulic RMA‐2 model and the SED2d‐WES sediment transport model were used. These models were calibrated and validated by detailed measurement of the surface water elevations, the velocities at six profiles, and the suspended sediment concentration and deposition (by means of 10 sediment traps). The flow was modelled for three steady‐state discharges. The surface water elevations were calculated to an accuracy of less than 5 cm compared to measurements. The differences between the calculated and measured velocities were with one exception smaller than 0.2 m/s (measured range 0.1…︁1.0 m/s). An average sediment input of 35 g/(m2 d) was calculated for the flood event studied. The highest calculated sedimentation rates of 700 g/(m2 d) (dry density 90 kg/m3) occurred in quiescent zones and abandoned channels. Twenty‐five percent of the deposited sediment settled in the quiescent zones (which only account for 13% of the area). The most sensitive parameters of the sediment transport model were the settling velocity and critical shear stress. The modelling techniques used allowed sediment deposition on the floodplains of the Elbe to be realistically depicted.
Tragwiderstand von Betonbauteilen nach dem Brand
Authors: Frangi Andrea , Tesar Can , Fontana Mario
Published: May 2006

Aufgrund der geringen Wärmeleitfähigkeit erwärmen sich Betonbauteile unter Temperatureinwirkung langsam und nur ein geringer oberflächennaher Bereich des Betonquerschnittes ist von der Temperatureinwirkung (Festigkeits‐ und Steifigkeitsverlust) betroffen. Aus diesen Gründen weisen Betonkonstruktionen oftmals ein günstiges Tragverhalten im Brandfall auf. Während der Abkühlungsphase kühlen sich die heißen oberflächennahen Bereiche des Betonquerschnittes ab, der innere Teil des Betonbauteils erwärmt sich hingegen weiter. Zudem ist zu beachten, daß während der Abkühlungsphase und in den ersten Tagen nach dem Brand die Betonstruktur infolge Rißbildung und der Wiederbildung von Calciumhydroxiden noch weiter geschädigt werden kann und diese Phänomene zu einer weiteren markanten Reduktion der Betonfestigkeit führen können. Der vorliegende Artikel analysiert die grundsätzliche Frage, ob es nach dem Abkühlen zu einem Traglastverlust von Betonkonstruktionen kommen kann. Die durchgeführten rechnerischen Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß das Bauteil nach der Abkühlung eine geringere Tragfähigkeit aufweisen kann als im Heißzustand. Die Bemessung des Bauteils nach einem äquivalenten ISO‐Normbrand ohne Beachtung der Abkühlphase kann somit auf der unsicheren Seite liegen. Aus diesem Grund wird empfohlen, daß der Nachweis der Tragfähigkeit von Betonkonstruktionen nicht nur während des Brandes, sondern auch für einen Zeitpunkt mehrere Tage nach dem Brand durchgeführt werden sollte. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Verhalten von EPS‐Hartschaumstoffen unter langzeitiger Druckbeanspruchung
Authors: Krollmann Norbert
Published: May 2006

Erhöhte Anforderungen an den baulichen Wärmeschutz führen dazu, daß auch in dauerdruckbeanspruchten Bereichen gedämmt werden muß. In diesem Zusammenhang ergab sich die Notwendigkeit, auch für EPS‐Hartschaumstoffe (Expandierbares Polystyrol) abgesicherte Langzeitkennwerte über das Kriechverhalten unter Dauerlast zu ermitteln. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen zeigen, daß das Kriechen von EPS‐Hartschaumstoffen mit dem in EN 1606 beschriebenen Findley ‐Ansatz sehr gut beschrieben und auf weit über 50 Jahre hinaus extrapoliert werden kann. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Invitrodrug interaction between diflunisal and indomethacin via glucuronidation in humans
Authors: Mano Yuji , Usui Takashi , Kamimura Hidetaka
Published: May 2006

It was reported that the plasma concentration of indomethacin was increased with concomitant oral dosages of diflunisal in humans. Both indomethacin and diflunisal are glucuronidated in humans. The effects of diflunisal on the indomethacin glucuronidation were thus investigatedin vitrousing human liver microsomes (HLM) and human intestine microsomes (HIM) in order to assess the drug–drug interaction. The glucuronidation of indomethacin in HLM showed atypical kinetics withKmandKsivalues of 210 and 89.5 µM, respectively, while HIM exhibited Michaelis–Menten kinetics with aKmvalue of 17.4 µM. Diflunisal inhibited the indomethacin glucuronidation in HLM with IC50values ranging from 100 to 231 µM. In HIM, inhibition of the indomethacin glucuronidation by diflunisal was more potent with IC50values of 15.2–48.7 µM. When the clinical dose of diflunisal (250 mg b.i.d.) is taken into consideration, it is expected that the diflunisal concentration in the intestine would be higher than the IC50values for indomethacin glucuronidation in the intestine. These findings suggest that the clinical drug–drug interaction between diflunisal and indomethacin may be at least partly attributable to the inhibition of indomethacin glucuronidation by diflunisal in the intestine. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge Ordering in Ag2BiO3.
Authors: Oberndorfer Christian P. M. , Dinnebier Robert E. , Ibberson Richard M. , Jansen Martin
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Chemistry of Ln2BaLiRuO7 (Ln: La, Pr).
Authors: Battle Peter D. , Grey Clare P. , Rodgers Jennifer A. , Sloan Jeremy
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Nd6Pt13In22, Sm6Pt12.30In22.7, and Gd6Pt12.48In22.52.
Authors: Zaremba Vasyl I. , Dubenskiy Vitaliy P. , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Heying Birgit , Poettgen Rainer
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Jahn—Teller Ordering in pipzH2[Mn2F8], a Fluoromanganate(III) with a New Layer Structure.
Authors: Stief Ronald , Massa Werner
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a Room Temperature Stable 12CaO×7Al2O3 Electride from the Melt and Its Application as an Electron Field Emitter.
Authors: Kim Sung Wng , Toda Yoshitake , Hayashi Katsuro , Hirano Masahiro , Hosono Hideo
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Calcium Tetraboride—Does It Exist? Synthesis and Properties of a Carbon‐Doped Calcium Tetraboride that Is Isotypic with the Known Rare Earth Tetraborides.
Authors: Schmitt Ruth , Blaschkowski Bjoern , Eichele Klaus , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Influence of the Counterions on the Structures of Ternary Zn/Sn/Se Anions: Synthesis and Properties of [Rb10(H2O)14.5] [Zn4(μ4—Se)2 (SnSe4)4] and [Ba5(H2O)32] [Zn5Sn(μ3—Se)4 (SnSe4)4].
Authors: Ruzin Eugen , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation and Crystal Structure of a New Bismuth Chromate: Bi8(CrO4)O11.
Authors: Kumada N. , Takei T. , Kinomura N. , Wallez G.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Pure α‐Phase Manganese(II) Sulfide Without the Use of Organic Reagents.
Authors: Michel F. M. , Schoonen M. A. A. , Zhang X. V. , Martin S. T. , Parise J. B.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Layered Bimetallic Phosphite Intercalating with Organic Amines: Synthesis and Characterization of Co(H2O)4Zn4 (HPO3) 6×C2N2H10.
Authors: Lin Zhi‐En , Fan Wei , Gao Feifei , Chino Naotaka , Yokoi Toshiyuki , Okubo Tatsuya
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Axially Chiral Guanidine as Enantioselective Base Catalyst for 1,4‐Addition Reaction of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Conjugated Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Terada Masahiro , Ube Hitoshi , Yaguchi Yusuke
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Strecker Reaction of Aldimines Using Aqueous Potassium Cyanide by Phase‐Transfer Catalysis of Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts with a Tetranaphthyl Backbone.
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Uematsu Yukitaka , Maruoka Keiji
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of β‐Aroylacrylic Acids with N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Khachikyan R. Dj. , Karamyan N. V. , Panosyan H. A. , Injikyan M. H.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidations with IBX: Benzyl Halides to Carbonyl Compounds, and the One‐Pot Conversion of Olefins to 1,2‐Diketones.
Authors: Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha , Singhal Nidhi , Senapati Kalyan
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins Using H2O2. Part 2. Catalytic Activities and Mechanism.
Authors: Tse Man Kin , Bhor Santosh , Klawonn Markus , Anilkumar Gopinathan , Jiao Haijun , Spannenberg Anke , Doebler Christian , Maegerlein Wolfgang , Hugl Herbert , Beller Matthias
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Active Chiral Ruthenium Catalysts for Asymmetric Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Funk Timothy W. , Berlin Jacob M. , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Self‐Assembled Bidentate Ligands for Ru‐Catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov Hydration of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Chevallier Floris , Breit Bernhard
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Copper‐Phosphoramidite‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to Acyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Imides.
Authors: Pineschi Mauro , Del Moro Federica , Di Bussolo Valeria , Macchia Franco
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins by the Three‐Component Tandem Reaction of Allylzinc Bromide, Acetylenic Sulfone, and Halohydrocarbon.
Authors: Xie Meihua , Wang Jialiang , Gu Xiaoxia , Sun Ying , Wang Shaowu
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[1,3]‐Transfer of Chirality During the Nicholas Reaction in γ‐Benzyloxy Propargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Diaz David D. , Ramirez Miguel A. , Martin Victor S.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reductive Opening of Glycal Derived Highly Functionalized 2,3‐Epoxy‐1‐iodides with Zinc Dust: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Acyclic Long Chain Polyhydroxylated Terminal Alkenic Alcohols.
Authors: Reddy L. Vijaya Raghava , Sagar Ram , Shaw Arun K.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrogen‐Mediated Aldol Reductive Coupling of Vinyl Ketones Catalyzed by Rhodium: High syn‐Selectivity Through the Effect of Tri‐2‐furylphosphine.
Authors: Jung Cheol‐Kyu , Garner Susan A. , Krische Michael J.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mercuric Triflate Catalyzed Reaction of Propargyl Acetates with Water Leading to Vinyl Ketones.
Authors: Imagawa Hiroshi , Asai Yumiko , Takano Hiroto , Hamagaki Hitomi , Nishizawa Mugio
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sodium Borohydride as the Only Reagent for the Efficient Reductive Alkylation of Malononitrile with Ketones and Aldehydes.
Authors: Dunham Jason C. , Richardson Adam D. , Sammelson Robert E.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Eight‐Membered Ring Construction by [4 + 2 + 2] Annulation Involving β‐Carbon Elimination.
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Ashida Shinji , Matsuda Takanori
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effective and Regioselective Iodination of Arenes Using Iron(III) Nitrate in the Presence of Tungstophosphoric Acid.
Authors: Jafarzadeh Mohammad , Amani Kamal , Nikpour Farzad
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Comprehensive Approach to the Synthesis of Sulfate Esters.
Authors: Simpson Levi S. , Widlanski Theodore S.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient One‐Pot, Two‐Step Synthesis of (E)‐Cinnamaldehydes by Dehydrogenation—Oxidation of Arylpropanes Using DDQ under Ultrasonic Irradiation.
Authors: Joshi Bhupendra P. , Sharma Anuj , Sinha Arun K.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Synthesis of β‐Amino Esters via Zn(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Mannich‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Shou Wang‐Ge , Yang Yun‐Yun , Wang Yan‐Guang
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Knoevenagel Reaction: Analysis and Recycling of the Ionic Liquid Medium.
Authors: Forbes David C. , Law Amanda M. , Morrison Doug W.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
S,O‐Acetals as Novel “Chiral Aldehyde” Equivalents.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Crawley Matthew L. , Lee Chul Bom
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Azidosubstituted Arylboronic Acids: Synthesis and Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Sviridov Sergey I. , Vasil'ev Andrei A. , Sergovskaya Natalia L. , Chirskaya Marina V. , Shorshnev Sergey V.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient CuI‐Promoted Synthesis of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Alkenes Using Organozinc Species.
Authors: Xue Song , Liu Yong‐Kang , Han Kai‐Zhen , Guo Qing‐Xiang
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cationic Au(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Aromatic Enynes for the Synthesis of Substituted Naphthalenes.
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Ueno Yasunori , Kanda Kazumasa
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3‐Phenylsulfanyl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalenes from Methylenecyclopropanes and Benzenethiol.
Authors: Yu Lei , Huang Xian , Xie Minghua
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Dienynes.
Authors: Nieto‐Oberhuber Cristina , Lopez Salome , Munoz M. Paz , Jimenez‐Nunez Eloisa , Bunuel Elena , Cardenas Diego J. , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Structures of New C60 Fullerene Derivatives Containing Carbonyl Groups.
Authors: Gubskaya V. P. , Sibgatullina F. G. , Yanilkin V. V. , Morozov V. I. , Toropchina A. V. , Zverev V. V. , Azancheev N. M. , Nuretdinov I. A.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Synthesis of a Monoammonium Derivative of Fullerenopyrrolidine.
Authors: Kutyreva V. V. , Shchupak E. A. , Karnatsevich V. L. , Bazyakina N. L. , Suvorova O. N.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bis(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐(S)‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ylmethanol: An Improved Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Epoxidation of α,β‐Enones.
Authors: Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Aziridination: A New Entry to Optically Active Non‐N‐protected Aziridines.
Authors: Kawabata Hirotoshi , Omura Kazufumi , Katsuki Tsutomu
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclopropyl Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis. Part 122. A New Three‐Component Cascade Reaction to Yield 3‐Spirocyclopropanated β‐Lactams.
Authors: Zanobini Alessandra , Brandi Alberto , de Meijere Armin
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.