ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЗАЩИТНЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ В ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ЗЕМЛЯХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ ЧАСТИ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА
Authors: Хамарова З.Х. , Алиев И.Н. , Тхакахова Д.М. 
Published: February 2025

Приводится краткий обзор техногенных земель в Центральной части Северного Кавказа. Изучены состояние лесных культур на различных типах субстратов, в условиях вертикальной зональности. На основе полученных результатов предложены ассортимент древесных растений и лесомелиоративные мероприятия по рациональному восстановлению нарушенных земель.

Introduction. Today the elimination of the effects of anthropogenic impact on the natural landscapes is an increasingly urgent problem. The topicality is becoming more and more urgent with the ability to assess the stability or vulnerability of each plant system in the dynamics of its development. Thus, it becomes possible to find out the course of changes in the stability of plant resources. There are many quarries for mining in the North Caucasus. It results in the natural landscape disturbance. The situation is aggravated by the fact that many areas of disturbance relate to resort and tourist regions. This phenomenon negatively affects the areas that are adjacent to the quarries. The research is aimed at assessing the impact of environmental factors on the processes of forest plantations establishment in the industrial lands of the North Caucasus as well as developing the assortment of woody plants and forest reclamation measures for the rational restoration of disturbed lands. Objects and research methods. The woody plants in the deposits for the extraction of sand, sand and gravel, volcanic ash, clays, bentonite clays, and volcanic tuff were the object of the research. The research was conducted according to the generally accepted methods of forestry, forest inventory, and forest management. Results and discussion. The authors determined that there were three periods of growth of forest plantations in quarries. The first period (establishment of plantation - 5-6 years) - plants are characterized by weak growth. The second period (6 -17 years) - growth of plantations increases and persists till the trees are 17 years old. In the third period (17 years - current time), the decrease in the annual growth is observed. The studies of forest plantations on the disturbed lands confirm the prospects of some of the species to be used for the biological reclamation. Poplar, Siberian elm, sallow thorn, dog rose, goat willow and bog willow, blackthorn, and blood-twig dogwood naturally grow and show good results of growth in all soil mixtures. These types of plants are recommended for protective forest plantations establishment. Based on the research performed, an assortment of tree species is recommended for natural zones and types of extracted raw materials. Conclusion.On the bottom of the quarries, it is recommended to plant moisture-loving tree species. In our region, these are willows, common hazel, aspen, poplar (white, balsamic, black), and black alder, mixed with shrubs. In the lower part of the slope, it is possible to plant trees and shrubs that are most resistant to lack of moisture, there should be more shrubs in the plantations. In the middle part, the soboliferous plant species (sallow thorn, rosehip, blackthorn, etc.) should be included in the plantations. At the top of the quarries, drought-resistant and soboliferous plant species, particularly rosehips and blackthorns, should be planted. Protective forest plantations are established in a row manner (the main species is mixed with shrubs according to the scheme: 4-5x1-1.5 m). As a result, the adjacent areas are overgrown in 5-7 years after planting.