bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Target emmetropia – Ocular surface stabilisation and achieving refractive success with a new presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens
Authors: Sinha Sony , Nishant Prateek , Kumar Roshan , Rajendra Anita Sankhla
Published: October 2024

Recent advancements in intraocular lens (IOL) technology enable us to cater to the visual needs of demanding patients. A 53-year-old woman presented with a history of using heavy eye makeup and bilateral Nuclear Sclerosis Grade II (NS-II) cataracts. On examination, corrected distance visual acuity in both eyes was 6/6 and near visual acuity was N6. Both eyes had grade II meibomitis and dry eye. Being hypermetropic, she wanted complete spectacle-independence. As a boutique owner, her visual demands included fine tailoring work. The decision to use a presbyopia-correcting IOL was deferred due to a diseased ocular surface. Spectacles were prescribed and meibomitis and dry eye were treated. Pentacam values and IOL master calculations changed during her treatment over 6 months. Finally, with a stable ocular surface, both eyes underwent surgery with Adtec Xtnd IOL and achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 6/6 N6. Refractive success can be achieved with modern presbyopia-correcting IOLs in demanding patients with ocular surface disease.
Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of intracranial meningiomas: An institutional review of common and uncommon imaging appearances
Authors: Padmaja Singireddy , Jakkani Anuroop , Vijay Kumar K. E. , N. L. N. Moorthy , Ramesh Goud
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

Meningiomas are the most common non-glial central nervous system (CNS) tumors, typically presenting as well-defined extra-axial masses with distinct computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. Despite their characteristic appearance, some meningiomas exhibit atypical features that can be diagnostically challenging. This study aims to analyze the imaging findings of meningiomas in a series of 82 cases, covering both common and uncommon locations, and exploring their typical as well as atypical/malignant features.

Material and Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted on 82 patients with pathologically confirmed meningiomas who underwent both CT and diffusion-weighted MRI (1.5 T) at our institution. The imaging data were analyzed to assess various parameters, including age incidence, sex distribution, tumor location, T1- and T2-weighted sequences, contrast enhancement patterns, and the presence of calcifications, cysts, peritumoral edema, hemorrhage, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings.

Results:

The analysis revealed a spectrum of imaging characteristics across the 82 meningioma cases. While many tumors exhibited typical imaging features, such as well-circumscribed margins and homogeneous contrast enhancement, others presented with atypical or malignant features, including heterogeneous signal intensity, irregular borders, and evidence of invasion into adjacent structures. The study also identified a range of tumor locations, with both common (e.g., convexity and parasagittal) and uncommon (e.g., intraventricular and skull base) sites represented. Peritumoral edema, calcifications, cystic changes, and hemorrhage were noted in varying frequencies across the cases, providing insights into the diverse radiological presentations of meningiomas.

Conclusion:

Meningiomas are the most common non-glial primary neoplasms of the CNS, and their diagnosis is generally straightforward when located in typical regions with characteristic imaging features. However, it is crucial for radiologists to recognize that meningiomas can present in atypical locations and with misleading or atypical imaging characteristics. A broad understanding of these variations is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of meningiomas, especially in cases where the imaging findings are not straightforward.
MICROSCOPIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE RESPIRATORY AND CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE LUNG OF NILE MONITOR
Authors: Abd-Elhafeezd Hanan H. , Ahmed Basim S. , Salah Abdullah S. , Ali Mennatallah , Mohamed Nor E. , Soliman Soha A.
Published: October 2024

Using semi-thin sections, the present investigation examined the microscopic characteristics of the lungs of the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus).  The lungs were composed of Intrapulmonary conducting airways and respiratory faveoli. Intrapulmonary airways originate from the terminal portion of the bronchus, which extends into the lung to create the bronchial tree. The bronchus was lined with pseudostratified ciliated epithelium composed of both ciliated and non-ciliated cells, and it was supported by plates of hyaline cartilage.  The central lumen is surrounded by contractile fibers that contain smooth muscle cell bundles and are covered by ciliated and non-ciliated cells. The central lumen communicates with the faveoli. Separating adjacent faveoli are pulmonary trabeculae covered with various cell types, including type I pneumocytes, type II pneumocytes, and pulmonary macrophages. Some substantial pulmonary bronchi were also supported by small cartilage plate granules and lined with ciliated epithelium. Type I pneumocytes were flat cells, whereas type II pneumocytes had cuboidal cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. Surface irregularity and vacuolated cytoplasm were features of pulmonary macrophages.  In addition, the connective tissue of the pulmonary septa contained immune cells, such as Mast and Eosinophils. In conclusion, the microstructure of the lung of the Nile monitor closely resembles that of other reptile species. However, the distinction between intrapulmonary cartilage palates and pulmonary septa raises the concept of species differentiation. In addition, the discovery of various types of pulmonary immune cells enhances the Nile monitor's ability to persist in a variety of environments by enhancing its pulmonary immunity.
Playing to the Crowd: Digital Visibility and the Social Dynamics of Purchase Disclosure
Authors: Rhue Lauren , Sundararajan Arun
Published: October 2024

As people share more of their lives on social media, their consumption and purchase behaviors become increasingly visible to their peers, spawning a new form of digitally enabled conspicuous consumption. We examine how the ensuing dynamics of social commerce affect these visibility choices. We use data from a platform dedicated exclusively to facilitating the display of verified online and offline purchases with optional product commentaries. We use fixed effects and matching techniques to control for endogeneity in commentary and consumer disclosure, while embedding a new text-based model of product similarity into our econometric analysis and capturing product complementarity using network-based measures of similarity. Our findings demonstrate that disclosed purchase patterns are shaped by other users, even those with whom the discloser has no previously stated relationship. We find that the source of attention shapes disclosure behavior, and we uncover a relationship between comments and purchase similarity of disclosed purchases, suggesting that consumers play to the crowd. The negative relationship between product reviews and purchase disclosure suggest that consumers may disclose a purchase because of a relationship with that particular item and not a desire to habitually reveal purchases. Our results shed new light on the distinction between digital visibility and social buzz, with managerial implications for retailers and social media platforms that support social consumption.
Optimizing and Satisficing: The Interplay Between Platform Architecture and Producers' Design Strategies for Platform Performance
Authors: Brunswicker Sabine , Almirall Esteve , Majchrzak Ann
Published: October 2024

Two-sided platforms are gaining increasing attention in practice and as the subject of IS and management research. We explore an assumption of research and practice: that a platform’s architecture needs to be decoupled so that producers can easily mix and match the platform’s design elements (APIs, code libraries, process models, etc.) into apps that perform well competitively, and insulate the platform from skewed outcomes and low market performance. However, in practice, complete decoupling is not just difficult but almost impossible. Based on more than two million runs of an exploratory NK model in which producers use a platform’s design space for the creation of apps, we generate several surprising insights. First, we show that tighter coupling may not necessarily be harmful depending on the producers’ design strategies and the amount of constraints placed on design elements. Second, we observe that if moderate to tightly coupled platforms with optimizing producers focused exclusively on being competitive, platform performance is lower compared to platforms with satisficing producers who put a lower priority of being competitive because of other interests. This is surprising since optimizers are better suited to cope with the inherent uncertainty of coupling. Finally, moderately coupled platforms can outperform platforms with loose coupling when constraints nudge producers into distant design moves while also isolating them from downside uncertainty. These three findings offer implications for multiple streams of literature on platform architectures.
Followership in an Open-Source Software Project and its Significance in Code Reuse
Authors: Jiang Qiqi , Tan Chuan-Hoo , Sia Choon Ling , Wei Kwok Kee
Published: October 2024

Code reuse is fundamental to the development of open-source software (OSS). Therefore, understanding how and why it occurs is important. To date, researchers have examined code reuse in OSS largely from the perspective of leaders. We show why followers must be considered as well. “Followers” are people who have had previous contacts with an individual from another project and who continue to associate with him or her. We consider two types of followers: developers (those directly involved in software development) and observers (those indirectly involved in it). We conduct a series of empirical investigations by using a longitudinal dataset of OSS projects hosted in GitHub, along with a survey and qualitative data. We find that followership can affect code reuse, but the effect depends on the nature of the follower (developer or observer). Overall, our study suggests that followership is important for code reuse in OSS because it enables participants to learn, and learning promotes code reuse.
Do Search Engines Influence Media Piracy? Evidence from a Randomized Study
Authors: Sivan Liron , Smith Michael D. , Telang Rahul
Published: October 2024

Many papers in the literature have analyzed the role search rank plays in influencing user choices for the same product offered through different links. However, the literature has not analyzed whether search position can cause users to change their consumption between two ex ante distinct product categories. We analyze this question in the context of the ongoing public policy debate surrounding the role search engines can play in anti-piracy efforts. Specifically, we analyze whether reducing the prominence of infringing links can impact users choices between legal and infringing content. To do this we design a customized search engine that allows us to manipulate the positions of infringing and legal links in users’ search results. We then use this search engine to conduct experiments on a general population of users and on a subset of college-aged users. Our data show that reducing the prominence of infringing links in search results causes users who otherwise would have consumed infringing content to switch their consumption to paid legal content, and that these results hold even among users whose initial search queries express an explicit preference for infringing content. These results suggest that even small changes in the cost of discovering pirated content can have a relatively large impact on user behavior. As such, our results inform an important public policy debate by showing that search engines have a vital role to play in the fight against online copyright theft.
МАГИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ ГЕРОЕВ ЭПОСА «НАРТЫ»
Authors:   T. M. Kerashev Adyghe Republican Institute of Humanitarian Studies, KUEK Maryet
Published: October 2024

The article examines the archaic cult of the god of iron and the patron saint of metal Tlepsh, the emergence of metallurgy, the creation of the first weapons and armor made of metal, which are reflected in the Adyghe heroic epic Narts. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the heroic epic Narts is almost not considered in the scientific literature as a source of information for the study of objects and tools, the creation of the first weapon, the addition of a complex of weapons and armor of horsemen. The purpose of the study is to compare the weapons of the heroes of the Nart epic, endowed with magical properties, having certain qualitative characteristics, technological features of manufacture, with the materials of archaeological sites of the Northwestern Caucasus. To achieve these goals, a comparative historical research method was used to determine the features of the origin and composition of various types of offensive and defensive weapons, reflecting the stages of development of blacksmithing and weapons production in a historical context. The transformation of the Chthonic «fire» god into the patron saint of iron and blacksmithing of the nart Tlepsha translates in the legends of the Nart epic the historical and economic prerequisites for the origin of metalworking in the Early Iron Age, the creation of the first tools and weapons of the sleds, which became models for creating the best defensive and offensive weapons in Eurasia. The archaeological sites of the Northwestern Caucasus confirm the continuous development of metallurgy and metalworking since ancient times and the creation of highly artistic bronze, gold, and silver products. The initiated research on this topic has a long–term perspective and requires continued work on the study of the original texts of the Adyghe heroic epic «Narts» for comparison with archaeological artifacts found in the Northwestern Caucasus.
INFORMATION DATA PROVIDING FOR DESIGNING ROAD SERVICE STATIONS CARS ON THE TRACKS P256, P368
Authors: Царева Н.А.
Published: October 2024

Алтайский край является развивающейся туристической зоной в РФ. В связи с развитием туристско-рекреационного комплекса в крае, наблюдается рост транспортного потока автомобилей по основным направлениям: Бийск–Барнаул; Бийск–Горно-Алтайск; Бийск–Белокуриха; Бийск–Новокузнецк, которым необходимо оказывать автосервисные услуги. На кафедре ежегодно студенты 1 курса занимаются сбором информации о транспортном потоке автомобилей. Результаты маркетинговых исследований (2007–2017 гг.) показывают, что на трассах Р256, Р368, Р369 и др. степень освоения рынка автосервисных услуг около 10 %. Т.о. открывается перспектива строительства дорожных СТО, а результаты систематически проводимых маркетинговых исследований будут способствовать созданию эффективной их деятельности. Для приведения в определенную систему базы данных планируется разработать программное обеспечение по обработке информации.

Altai Territory is a developing tourist area in the Russian Federation. In connection with the development of the tourist and recreational complex in the province, there is an increase in the traffic flow of cars in the main areas: Biysk–Barnaul; Biysk–Gorno–Altaisk; Biysk-Belokurikha; Biysk-Novokuznetsk, who need to provide car-care services. At the department annually, 1st year students are engaged in collecting information on the traffic flow of cars. The results of marketing research (2007–2017) show that on the P256, P368, P369, etc., the degree of development of the auto service market is about 10%. Thus. opens the prospect of the construction of road service stations, and the results of systematic marketing research will contribute to the creation of their effective activities. To bring a database system into a certain system, it is planned to develop software for processing information.
Actual Problems of Historiography of the Legal Status of Russian Universities in the XIX — early XX Centuries
Authors: Шмелев А.А.
Published: October 2024

Целью настоящей статьи является анализ работ отечественных дореволюционных и современных авторов, посвященных проблеме правового статуса российских университетов в XIX — начале XX века. В результате исследования отмечается, что тема правового статуса российских университетов так и не получила широкого и полного исследования. Вместе с тем исторически сложилось, что учёные уделяют значительное внимание становлению отечественных университетов без включения их в общеевропейскую модель университетского образования.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the works of Russian pre-revolutionary and modern authors devoted to the problem of the legal status of Russian universities in the 19th - early 20th centuries. As a result of the research it is noted that the topic of the legal status of Russian universities has not been widely and fully investigated. At the same time, historically, scholars at different historical stages have paid considerable attention to the history of domestic universities without including them in the pan-European model of university education.
Features of the Formation of the Register of Creditors' Claims in Insolvency (Bankruptcy) Cases
Authors: Коновалов Р.Р.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена проблемам формирования реестра требований кредиторов в делах о несостоятельности (банкротстве). Подчеркнута важность правильного учета требований кредиторов и необходимость обязательной проверки реальности заявленных требований. Обосновывается применение повышенного стандарта доказывания при наличии аффилированности кредитора и должника. Автором проанализированы некоторые особенности формирования реестра требований кредиторов в делах о несостоятельности (банкротстве), сформулированы рекомендации по исключению фактов ошибочного предъявления в дело о банкротстве требований по текущим платежам. Отражены возможности кредиторам для восстановления срока на включение в реестр и основания для «приоткрытия» реестра в случае признания сделки недействительной или по регрессным требованиям. Рассмотрена возможность исключения требования из реестра и приведена актуальная судебная практика, свидетельствующая, что ликвидация кредитора в деле о банкротстве не является безусловным основанием для исключения требования из реестра.

The article is devoted to the problems of forming a register of creditors' claims in insolvency (bankruptcy) cases. The importance of proper consideration of creditors' claims and the need for mandatory verification of the reality of the claims are reflected in detail. The article substantiates the application of an increased standard of proof in the presence of affiliation between the creditor and the debtor. The author of the article analyzes the features of the formation of the register of creditors' claims in insolvency (bankruptcy) cases, and makes recommendations on excluding the facts of erroneous presentation of claims for current payments in a bankruptcy case. The possibilities for creditors to restore the deadline for inclusion in the register and the grounds for "opening" the register in case of invalidation of the transaction or recourse requirements are reflected. The possibility of excluding a claim from the register is considered and current judicial practice is reflected that the liquidation of a creditor in a bankruptcy case is not an unconditional basis for excluding a claim from the register.
Legal Forms of Members of Corporate Groups
Authors: Мутафян Г.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье анализируются правовые основания установления отношений подчинения между хозяйственными товариществами и обществами с целью выявления правовых закономерностей указания конкретных организационно-правовых форм в законодательстве о корпоративных группах с использованием общенаучного (диалектического), исторического, специально-юридического, сравнительно-правового метода. Автор приходит к выводу, что предпринимательская направленность юридического лица не всегда может считаться определяющим фактором для создания корпоративной группы. Отсутствие конструкции корпоративной группы в российском праве и закрепление норм о предпринимательской деятельности некоммерческих организаций расширяет спектр возможных организационно-правовых форм в составе корпоративной группы, поскольку ее устойчивые признаки сохраняются вне зависимости от организационно-правовой формы входящих в нее субъектов.

The article analyzes the legal grounds for establishing subordination relations between business partnerships and companies in order to identify the legal patterns of specifying specific organizational and legal forms in the legislation on corporate groups, using the general scientific (dialectical), historical, special legal, comparative legal method. The author comes to the conclusion that the entrepreneurial orientation of a legal entity cannot always be considered a determining factor for the creation of a corporate group. The absence of a corporate group structure in Russian law and the consolidation of norms on the entrepreneurial activity of non-profit organizations expands the range of possible organizational and legal forms as part of a corporate group, since its stable features remain regardless of the organizational and legal form of its constituent entities.
Actual Problems of Execution of Real Estate Lease Agreements
Authors: Мосьпан В.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье раскрываются актуальные аспекты правового регулирования аренды недвижимого имущества в части, касающейся исполнения обязательств сторон арендного правоотношения. Целью статьи является анализ актуальных проблем в области регулирования аренды недвижимого имущества. Несмотря на некоторый консерватизм правовых норм об аренде недвижимости, правовые новеллы гражданского законодательства последнего десятилетия, касающиеся общих правил регистрации гражданско-правовых договоров, оказывают существенное влияние на современные арендные отношения. На основании применения методологии формально-юридического анализа в статье выявлены проблемы правовой неопределенности и конкуренции общих и специальных норм гражданского законодательства, регулирующих отношения в сфере аренды. В результате сделан вывод о необходимости расширения содержания специальных норм об аренде недвижимого имущества, в том числе, о заключенности договора аренды недвижимого имущества для третьих лиц с момента его государственной регистрации.

The article reveals the actual aspects of the legal regulation of the lease of real estate in terms of the fulfillment of the obligations of the parties to the lease relationship. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current problems in the field of regulation of rental of real estate. Despite some conservatism of the legal norms on the rental of real estate, the legal novelties of the civil legislation of the last decade, concerning the general rules for the registration of civil contracts, have an impact on modern rental relations. Based on the application of the methodology of formal legal analysis, the article identifies the problems of legal uncertainty and competition of general and special norms of civil legislation regulating relations in the field of rent. As a result, it is concluded that it is necessary to expand the content of special rules on the lease of immovable property, in particular, concerning the conclusion of a lease of immovable property for third parties from the moment of its state registration.
The Impact of Voluntariness on the Development of Mediation Procedures: a Comparative Legal Study
Authors: Шереметьева А.К. , Кузнецова Д.Д.
Published: October 2024

Пристальное внимание к процедуре медиации делает этот институт привлекательным для исследователей. В теории и практике он рассматривается как основа достижения согласия и примирения в конфликтных ситуациях. Восприятие его как приоритетного, для указанных целей, предполагает необходимым исследовать возможности его популяризации и обобщить существующий опыт достижения таких задач. Цель исследования состоит в выработке новых подходов к вопросам современного состояния процедур разрешения конфликтов в России. В процессе исследования использованы формально-юридический метод, системно-структурный, герменевтический, синтеза, метод обобщения и сравнения. Большинство правовых систем именно медиацию рассматривают как вариант, способствующий разгрузке судебной системы, но механизмы достижения такого результата используются различные. Создание возможностей использования примирения строится на двух противоположных принципах – добровольности и обязательности. Выбор применения представленных правовых начал отражается в законодательстве соответствующего государства и приводит к разным результатам.

Close attention to the mediation procedure makes this institution attractive to researchers. In theory and practice, it is considered as the basis for achieving agreement and reconciliation in conflict situations. The perception of it as a priority for these purposes suggests that it is necessary to explore the possibilities of its popularization and summarize the existing experience of achieving such tasks. The purpose of the study is to develop new approaches to the current state of conflict resolution procedures in Russia. In the course of the research, the formal legal method, system-structural, hermeneutical, synthesis, generalization and comparison methods were used. Most legal systems consider mediation as an option that helps to relieve the judicial system, but various mechanisms are used to achieve such a result. The creation of opportunities for the use of reconciliation is based on two opposite principles – voluntariness and obligation. The choice of application of the presented legal principles is reflected in the legislation of the relevant State and leads to different results.
وضعية تمدرس الفئات الخاصة بمنظومة التربية والتكوين، إقليم تازة – المغرب
Authors: العلمي عبدالإله , البزوي جواد , بوبرية عبدالواحد
Published: October 2024

يشكل التعليم اللبنة الأساس في المجتمعات، فمن خلاله يتم تعزيز التنمية وتجويد مؤشراتها بمظاهرها الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، مع ما لذلك من انعكاس على الفرد في كل مناحي الحياة. سعيا لتحقيق هذا الهدف، عمل المغرب منذ الاستقلال على البحث عن تنمية حقيقية من خلال التعليم والمؤسسات التعليمية، تشمل جميع فئات المجتمع، في تواتر تاريخي سجل عدة محطات للإصلاح، في هذا السياق، يأتي هذا المقال والذي من خلاله سيتم الوقوف على تمدرس الفئات الخاصة بمنظومة التربية والتكوين في المجال الترابي لتازة، كتدبير تربوي يقوم على تكييف النظام المدرسي اعترافا للفئة بحقها في التمدرس، من خلال جرد وتتبع واقع الحال الخاص بتنزيل برامج الوضعية، والاستقراء له عبر المقابلات الشخصية مع المهتمين والاستمارات الميدانية مع الأطر التربوية في المجال، والذي يعرف تفاوتا محليا في الاستقطاب للحالات الخاصة، ما يحيل على أهمية الرفع من الحكامة وحسن التدبير لتحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى ابراز وضعية تمدرس الفئات الخاصة بمنظومة التربية والتكوين بإقليم تازة كمدخل أساسي لتأهيل الرأسمال البشري وتحقيق التنمية الاجتماعية، وتأسيسا على ما سبق، يمكن بسط الإشكالية التالية:  كيف تساهم عملية دمج الأطفال في وضعية خاصة في الوسط المدرسي بتوفير بنيات الاستقبال، والتوظيف الأمثل للإمكانات في تحقيق مدرسة دامجة مفتوحة أمام الجميع، تتوخى تأهيل الرأسمال البشري، تنزيلا للمساواة وتكافؤ الفرص في مسعى للارتقاء بالفرد والمجتمع؟
سبل ومعوقات التطوير المهني لمعلِمات اللغة الإنجليزية في المدارس العالمية بمدينة جدة من وجهة نظر المعلمات والإداريات
Authors: عيد ميسون محمد , الحربي رباب صالح
Published: October 2024

هدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على سبل تطوير مهنة تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية للمعلمات في المدارس العالمية في مدينة جدة، وذلك من وجهة نظر المعلمات والإداريات، تم الاستعانة بمصادر أكاديمية متنوعة مثل الكتب والدوريات والمجلات والدراسات العلمية لتغطية الجانب النظري للبحث. أما الجانب الميداني، فقد تم تحقيقه من خلال استخدام المنهج النوعي، حيث تم اختيار ثلاث معلمات لغة إنجليزية وثلاثة إداريات للمشاركة في الدراسة، أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود عدة عوائق تواجه المعلمات في تطوير مهنتهن كمدرسات للغة الإنجليزية، مثل صعوبة الحصول على التدريب المناسب والدورات التعليمية الجديدة. توصي الدراسة بتعزيز ثقافة التطوير المهني والتعلم الذاتي بين معلمات اللغة الإنجليزية من خلال عقد لقاءات تربوية هادفة ومنتظمة. كما يُشجع المعلمات على المشاركة في إعداد وتقييم خطط التطوير المهني، ووضع خطة تطوير سنوية شاملة تغطي جميع المجالات ذات الصلة بتدريس اللغة الإنجليزية. كما يُنصح بتنويع البرامج التي تقدم لتطوير المعلمات وتوفير المزيد من الدعم المادي والتدريب للمعلمات الجدد.
درجة أداء معلمات اللغة العربية في تعزيز مهارات التعاون والمشاركة المجتمعية لدى طالبات المرحلة الثانوية في المدينة المنورة
Authors: الدوسري مشاعل صالح سعد , الرويثي ريم مهل حمدي
Published: October 2024

هدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على درجة أداء معلمات اللغة العربية في تعزيز مهارات التعاون والمشاركة المجتمعية لدى طالبات المرحلة الثانوية في المدينة المنورة، واتبعت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي بأسلوبه المسحي، وتمثلت الأداة في بطاقة ملاحظة من إعداد الباحثتين مكونة من 20مؤشرًا، موزعة على (3) محاور، وتكونت عينة البحث من (30) معلمة لغة عربية للمرحلة الثانوية في المدينة المنورة، وتوصل البحث إلى أن درجة أداء معلمات اللغة العربية في تعزيز مهارات التعاون والمشاركة المجتمعية لدى طالبات المرحلة الثانوية حصل على متوسط (1.87) أي بدرجة متوسطة، وعلى مستوى المحاور جاء العمل التعاوني أولاً بمتوسط (2.08) ثم إدارة العلاقات الاجتماعية (2.05) وكلاهما بدرجة (متوسطة) وثالثا العمل التطوعي (1.48) وتقدير (ضعيفة)؛ بناء على النتائج أوصت الباحثتان بضرورة عقد دورات تدريبية لمعلمات اللغة العربية؛ مما يسهم في تطوير أدائهن التدريسي في تعزيز مهارات التعاون والمشاركة المجتمعية، ومحاولة التخفيف من كثافة الأعمال الموكلة لمعلمات اللغة العربية، كما تقترح الباحثتان إجراء دراسة تهدف إلى التعرف على التحديات التي تواجه معلمات اللغة العربية في تعزيز مهارات التعاون والمشاركة المجتمعية لدى طالبات المرحلة الثانوية.
أثر نموذج نظرية الاستجابة للمفردة في دقة معادلة درجات الاختبارات
Authors: الحجوري عيسى سلامة , عبد الوهاب محمد محمود
Published: October 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة أثر نموذج نظرية الاستجابة للمفردة في دقة معادلة درجات الاختبارات. وركزت على معرفة أثر النموذج الثنائي البارامتر والنموذج الثلاثي البارامتر وذلك باستخدام طريقة المعادلة المتوسط/المتوسط لويد وهوفر (Loyd & Hoover, 1980)، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم توليد بيانات محاكاة باستخدام برمجية (Wingen3) لـ 4 صور اختبارية، حيث كانت صورتين اختباريتين وفق النموذج الثنائي البارامتر والأخرى وفق النموذج الثلاثي البارامتر، وكان هناك عدد (10) فقرات مشتركة بين كل صورتين اختباريتين، وتكرر توليد جميع البيانات السابقة (30) مرة. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج R من خلال حزمتي Mirt وSirt لمعرفة تحقق افتراضات نظرية الاستجابة للمفردة، بعد ذلك تم تقدير بارامترات الأفراد والمفردات بواسطة برنامج PARASCLE، وتمت المعادلة بواسطة برنامج IRTEQ باستخدام طريقة المتوسط/المتوسط. ولتقييم دقة المعادلة استخدم جذر متوسط مربعات الخطأ RMSE. وأظهرت النتائج أن أقل الأخطاء كانت عندما تمت المعادلة باستخدام النموذج الثنائي البارامتر، حيث بلغت قيمة جذر متوسط مربعات الخطأ RMSE عند استخدام هذا النموذج (0.591) أما عندما تمت المعادلة وفق النموذج الثلاثي البارامتر فكانت قيمة جذر متوسط مربعات الخطأ RMSE تساوي (1.044) وبالتالي فهي أكثر دقة من طريقة المتوسط/المتوسط في معادلة درجات الاختبار وفق النموذج الثلاثي البارامتر، ومن خلال اختبار ت لعينتين مستقلتين اتضح أن الفروق دالة احصائياً حيث بلغت مستوى الدلالة (0.000).
NONCONDUCTIVE FERROFLUIDS FROM PERMANENTLY MAGNETIC NANOPLATELETS HYBRIDIZED WITH POLAR PHOSPHONIC LIGANDS
Authors: Tufani Ali , Popov Nina , Kovač Janez , Čampelj Stanislav , Mavrič Andraž , Landovsky Tomaš , Cigl Martin , Vantakova Petra , Loula Martin , Novotna Vladimira , Poberžnik Matic , Herrero-Saboya Gabriela , Martin-Samos Layla , Mertelj Alenka , Lisjak Darja
Published: October 2024

Stable ferrofluids of permanently magnetic nanoplatelets of barium hexaferrite (BHF NPLs) in 1-hexanol were obtained using phosphonic acid- and phosphonate ester-based polar ligands. These ligands with the different electron-withdrawing groups and alkyl chain lengths of the terminal chain and linker were synthesized. Their attachment to the surface of the BHF NPLs was studied for various conditions and followed by a combination of spectroscopic techniques, thermogravimetry, and electrokinetic measurements. The results confirmed the theoretically predicted surface condensation of the ligands onto the BHF NPLs surfaces at 120 °C in 1-hexanol, whereas at lower temperatures or in more polar solvents the ligands were mostly physisorbed. The NPL hybrids with chemisorbed ligands having surface densities of at least 0.4 molecules/nm2 formed stable ferrofluids in 1-hexanol. The hybridization of the BHF NPLs via the condensation reaction in 1-hexanol creates sufficient steric-solvation repulsion to overcome the magnetic dipolar attraction between the NPLs and stabilizes the NPLs in 1-hexanol. Due to the relatively low polarity of 1-hexanol, the ligands remain protonated and the ferrofluids have negligible electric conductivity. In addition, an increase in the saturation magnetization of such hybrid BHF NPLs was correlated with their superior sensitivity to a magnetic field compared to the core NPLs. The ferrofluids can be exploited for the development of novel magneto-optic sensors that can operate under an electric field.
Influence of anticoagulant on the spectroscopic analysis of drying blood pools
Authors: Giroux Erin , Ebralidze Iraklii , Stotesbury Theresa
Published: October 2024

Over the course of a few minutes, untreated whole blood undergoes a clotting cascade making forensic research that investigates “fresh” bloodletting events difficult. In bloodstain pattern analysis research, whole blood treated with anticoagulant is often used to prolong the usability of the blood and allow for transport and experimentation to simulate pattern formation using “fresh” clot-free blood. Anticoagulants bind to components of this cascade making them unavailable to participate in coagulation, preventing the formation of clots. In this work, we investigate the spectral implications of anticoagulant addition for time since deposition (TSD) estimation methods, particularly of larger volume blood pools. We characterized the differences in spectral profiles of blood pools with and without a citrate-based anticoagulant using visible absorbance spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Across all methods, notable spectral differences were observed, namely the red-shift in the Soret peak maxima (visible), delayed increase in the 1532 cm-1 peak (ATR-FTIR), and increased accessibility of iron (XPS) in pools treated with ACD-A. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to further assess the variation in the visible absorbance and ATR-FTIR spectra over time. The blood pools differed most significantly in the first week following deposition due to the addition of the water in the anticoagulant, slowed desiccation, and lack of clotting in the treated blood pools. At timepoints exceeding one week following deposition, the spectral profiles of the pools regained similarity. In summary, the fluid choice, and particularly the inclusion of anticoagulant is an important consideration during experimental design and TSD estimation method development.
Ab Initio Approaches to Simulate Molecular Polaritons: Properties and Quantum Dynamics
Authors: Weight Braden , Huo Pengfei
Published: October 2024

Molecular polaritons are hybrid states formed by the quantum mechanical interaction between light and matter. Recent experiments have shown the ability to drastically modify chemical reactions in both the ground and excited states through the hybridization of the electronic and photonic degrees of freedom. Ab initio simulations of molecular polaritons have demonstrated similar effects for simple ground and excited state reactions. However, the theoretical community has been limited in its ability to describe the complicated dynamical processes of many-molecule collective effects with high-level treatment of all degrees of freedom within a rigorous Hamiltonian. In this review, we provide a general description and overall procedure for exploring molecular polaritons, leveraging standard many-body electronic structure calculations combined with the exact, non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics light-matter Hamiltonian.
Optimal Dielectric Boundary for Binding Free Energy Estimates in the Implicit Solvent
Authors: Forouzesh Negin , Ghafouri Fatemeh , Tolokh Igor , Onufriev Alexey
Published: October 2024

Accuracy of binding free energy calculations utilizing implicit solvent models is critically affected by parameters of the underlying dielectric boundary, specifically the atomic and water probe radii. Here, a multidimensional optimization pipeline is used to find optimal atomic radii specifically for binding calculations in the implicit solvent. To reduce over-fitting, the optimization target includes separate, weighted contributions from both binding and hydration free energies. The resulting 5-parameter radii set, OPTBIND5D, is evaluated against experiment for binding free energies of 20 host- guest (H-G) systems, unrelated to the types of structures used in the training. The resulting accuracy for this H-G test set (Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 2.03 kcal/mol, Mean Signed Error (MSE) of -0.13 kcal/mol, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.68 kcal/mol, and a correlation of r=0.79 with the experimental values) is on par with what can be expected from the fixed charge explicit solvent models. Best agreement with experiment is achieved when the implicit salt concentration is set equal or close to the experimental conditions.
U.S. ambient air monitoring network has inadequate coverage under new PM2.5 standard
Authors: Wang Yuzhou , Marshall Julian , Apte Joshua
Published: October 2024

The Clean Air Act (CAA) in the United States relies heavily on regulatory monitoring networks, yet monitoring sites are sparsely located, especially among historically disadvantaged communities. For ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), we compare the air quality monitoring data with spatially complete concentrations derived from empirical models to quantify the gaps of existing U.S. monitoring networks in capturing concentration hotspots and exposure disparities. Recently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency adopted a more stringent annual-average air quality standard for PM2.5 (9 µg/m3). Here, we demonstrate that 44% of urban areas exceeding this new standard – encompassing ~ 20 million people – would remain undetected because of gaps in the current PM2.5 monitoring network. Crucially, we find that “uncaptured” hotspots, which contain 2.8 million people in census tracts that are misclassified as in attainment of the new PM2.5 standard, have substantially higher percentages of minority populations (i.e., people of color, disadvantaged communities, and low-income populations) compared to the overall US population. To address these gaps, we highlight 10 priority locations that could reduce the population in the uncaptured hotspots by 67%. Overall, our findings highlight the urgent need to address gaps in the existing monitoring network.
On-Demand Nitric Oxide Generation via Thermal Decomposition of N-Trityl Dihydro-1,2-Oxazines
Authors: Li Shuxiao , Blackburn Nathan , Ward Cassandra , Bour James
Published: October 2024

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a promising therapy for a wide variety of pulmonary conditions but is limited by the cost, portability, and safety limitations of the compressed gas cylinders used in conventional iNO delivery systems. On-demand generation of iNO via thermally controlled decomposition of an NO-genic precursor is an attractive alternative to systems based on compressed gas cylinders. However, most NO-releasing materials, which would form the basis of such a system, are designed for in-vivo applications, not gas flow release at elevated temperatures. Novel NO donors with tunable kinetics suited for simple thermal generation are needed to realize such iNO delivery systems. Here we report the development of a patently new class of NO donors based on N-trityl 3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazines. We show that these molecules release nitric oxide when heated above 90 °C and that their release kinetics can be modified through variation of the substitution pattern on the oxazine ring. Amorphous solid dispersions of these molecules in porous polymers exhibit consistent, thermoresponsive gas flow nitric oxide release. Collectively, this work adds a new class of NO donor to the basis set of known NO-genic molecules and establishes a potential technological basis for a low-power, small-footprint iNO delivery system.
3D Printing of Models of Carbon Nanotubes and related Nanomaterials
Authors: Gretz Juliana , Kruss Sebastian
Published: October 2024

The structure of materials determines their properties. Visualizing molecular or nanoscale structures is crucial to understand this relationship. Carbon nanomaterials are a particularly good example. Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have different structures (chiralities), which translate into distinct optical colors and fluorescence properties. Nevertheless, it is difficult to comprehend why materials made only from carbon atoms have these different properties. Haptic materials can play a significant role in engaging newcomers, for public outreach as well as visualizing and explaining basic concepts of chemistry and physics for more advanced scientists. This article provides a beginner friendly workflow to create 3D models of SWCNTs, graphene (nanoribbons/nanosheets) or modifications from scratch. All used programs for chemical modeling are free to use, and no prior experience is required to follow the instructions. Exemplarily, a model of a single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is created in Avogadro. This file is then imported into Blender to customize the layout. In a next step the generated files are processed (sliced) to translate it into the language of a 3D printer. This article provides a tutorial to 3D print SWCNTs and related materials, introduces the computational tools that are necessary and discusses teaching examples.
B-Power: Investigating the Upper Limits of Enhanced Surface Reactivity in Doped MoTe2
Authors: Radomski Piotr , Florjan Dominik , Szary Maciej
Published: October 2024

Transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers have recently gained attention, driven by their growing potential for applications in electronics, gas sensing, and electrocatalysis. However, the lack of coordinatively unsaturated surface sites makes TMDs' basal plane chemically inert, leading to technological limitations. One promising approach to increase the activity is single-atom doping. Nevertheless, the optimal doping strategies remain unclear, due to the limited understanding of the extent, selectivity, and underlying mechanisms driving this modulation. Consequently, this study aims to explore the upper limits of TMD reactivity and the underlying mechanisms by investigating boron-doped MoTe2 (B-MoTe2), which was identified as the most active candidate following systematic testing of 22 p-block dopants in our previous work. We employed density functional theory (DFT) methods to simulate the adsorption of 9 molecules: N2O, NO2, NO, N2, CO2, CO, O2, H2O, and H2, chosen to probe the available modes of interaction and their availability. Four distinctive behaviors were observed: (i) dissociation of NO2, O2, and H2, (ii) substitution of B with N atom for NO, (iii) chemisorption of CO, and H2O, and (iv) physisorption of N2 and CO2. This selectivity arises from the molecule's intrinsic bonding affinity with the dopant and the geometric constraints imposed by the sheet. When the potential of doping is effectively harnessed, the enhanced reactivity results from boron adopting more favorable orbital hybridization during molecule adsorption. Thus, B-MoTe2 becomes significantly more reactive than pristine MoTe2, exhibiting adsorption strengths several tens of times greater, which profoundly impacts the structure of the adsorbates. The presented picture is completely different from interactions on pristine MoTe2, governed by van der Waals forces. The demonstrated novel physicochemical properties underscore the potential of MoTe2 to be finely tuned for applications in catalysis and gas sensing. Moreover, the new insights offer a foundation for developing more effective doping strategies.
Bioorthogonal Regulation of Self-Immolation and Controlled Release Using Cucurbit[7]uril Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Fu Xuancheng , Xu Bowen , Maity Suman , Wu Michelle , Westbrook Luke G. , Edwards Katie , Acharya Atanu , Hu Xiaoran
Published: October 2024

Self-immolative chemistry has received significant attention in drug delivery and controlled release, leveraging a unique mechanism where a triggering event initiates a reaction cascade that releases molecular payloads. Herein, we introduce the concept of supramolecular gated self-immolative chemistry, allowing for the control of covalent bond scission through noncovalent host-guest interactions. Supramolecular regulation of self-immolation is exemplified using a newly designed ethylenediamine-based, bis-benzylated self-immolative entity (SIE) SIE2 in combination with the bioorthogonal cucurbituril-meditated host-guest system. The SIE2 engages in supramolecular complexation with cucurbit[7]uril (CB) host molecules, which effectively masks its reactivity and prevents premature initiation of the self-immolative cyclization–elimination cascade. The introduction of a com-petitive guest molecule 1-adamantylamine triggers the removal of the supramolecular CB capping group from the CB-SIE2 complex, revealing the nascent self-immolative structure. This decomplexation initiates a rapid cyclization-elimination cascade that releases the loaded cargo molecules from SIE2. As a proof-of-concept, we capped a self-immolative methylene blue pro-drug SIE5 with CB. The subsequent addition of 1-adamantylamine reactivated the self-immolation, initiating the controlled release of the therapeutic photosensitizer and on-demand activating photodynamic therapy for cell killing.
Strain-Promoted, Visible Light Triggerable CO Releasing Micelles
Authors: Hanson Mckenna , Ambre Ram , Joshi Riya , Amidon Jeffrey , Snow Jackson , Lawless Vivian , Worrell Brady
Published: October 2024

Carbon monoxide (CO), along with nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, is one of a trinity of known gasotransmitters, or endogenously produced gaseous molecules that signal and regulate a panoply of physiological functions. CO releasing molecules (CORMs) are chemical tools that enable the study and application of this ephemeral gas, that, ideally, release CO on-demand when externally stimulated. Surveying the available triggers, photolysis is optimal: it is contactless and grants practitioners unparalleled spatial and temporal control. However, current photo-triggered CORMs are capricious and do not meet current needs. Presented here is a highly efficient platform for the visible light triggered release of CO gas. This platform is built on a unique CO containing functionality, the cyclopropenone, which undergoes facile decar-bonylation through visible light (470 nm) mediated photoredox catalysis. Due to the exothermic strain-release that oc-curs upon formation of CO, this photoreaction is rapid, quantitative, and has tunable release rates. To render this photo-CORM water soluble, deliverable, and to keep reactants in proximity, necessary components were polymerized into block copolymers that self-assemble into CO releasing micelles (CORMIs). This platform was compared directly to other state-of-the-art CORMs, showing significantly improved CO production efficiency, lower toxicity, tunable release rates, and con-sistent efficacy in ex vivo and in vitro settings.