bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual and Combined Effects of Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitor and Omega‐3 Fatty Acid on Endotoxin‐Induced Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Vardar Saynur , Buduneli Eralp , Baylas Haluk , Hüseyinov Berdeli Afig , Buduneli Nurcan , Atilla Gül
Published: March 2005

Background: The present study was planned to evaluate the individual and combined effects of selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor, celecoxib, and omega‐3 fatty acid on the gingival tissue levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and platelet activating factor (PAF) in endotoxin‐induced periodontitis in rats.

Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by repeated injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS). Forty‐four adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into five study groups: saline control, LPS, celecoxib, omega‐3 fatty acid, and combination celecoxib and omega‐3 fatty acid. Celecoxib and omega‐3 fatty acid were given either as a single agent or as a combination therapy during 14 days of the study period. At the end of the 2‐week protocol, the rats were sacrificed, the gingival tissues were dissected and extracted, and the extracts were analyzed for PGE2, PGF2α, and LTB4 levels by enzyme immunoassay and for PAF levels by radioimmunoassay. The defleshed jaws were analyzed morphometrically for alveolar bone loss. Data were evaluated statistically by using parametric tests.

Results: LPS injection resulted in significantly more bone loss than the saline controls (P <0.05) and significant elevations in the gingival tissue levels of all the analyzed mediators except PGF2α. Individual administration of celecoxib revealed significant reductions in PGE2 and PAF levels (P <0.05), while omega‐3 fatty acid provided significant reduction in PGE2, PGF2α, and LTB4 levels compared to the LPS group (P <0.05). Combined administration of celecoxib and omega‐3 fatty acid exhibited significantly lower values than those of the LPS group in all the analyzed membrane phospholipid mediators (P <0.05), which approximated the levels in the saline control group (P >0.05).

Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that celecoxib and omega‐3 fatty acid, when used individually, show a rather partial effect on the control of the analyzed mediators, but when combined they show a synergic effect and provide significant reductions in the gingival tissue levels of PGE2, PGF2α, LTB4, and PAF in LPS‐induced experimental periodontitis. These findings may pioneer further clinical human studies investigating the possible place of celecoxib and omega‐3 fatty acid in periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2005;76:99‐106.
Fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly in a male newborn infant: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Courtens Winnie , Jespers Ann , Harrewijn Inge , Puylaert Dirk , Vanhoenacker Filip
Published: March 2005

We report on a male newborn with a rarely described congenital limb deficiency syndrome consisting of shortening and anterior bowing of the right lower limb at the distal third of the tibia with associated overlying soft tissue dimpling, oligodactyly of the right foot, and a left‐sided oligosyndactyly of the hand. The right hand and left lower limb were clinically normal. Radiographic examination revealed complete absence of the right fibula, absence of the right‐sided Vth ray, and anterior bowing and shortening of the right‐sided tibia. Femora, humeri, ulnae, and radii were normal. The infant had neither facial dysmorphia nor other associated anomalies. A limb deficiency syndrome comparable to this case has been reported in a female by Hecht and Scott [1981; Clin Genet 20:432–437], the only report classified under OMIM 246570 so far. We found two other reports describing three cases comparable to our case and the female reported by Hecht and Scott [1981], and reviewed these cases. The major common findings in all the five cases consist of fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly. Therefore, we propose to name it fibular aplasia‐tibial campomelia‐oligosyndactyly (FATCO) syndrome. Additional case reports are needed for further delineation of this rare limb deficiency syndrome. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastric juvenile polyposis associated with germline SMAD4 mutation
Authors: Shikata Kentaro , Kukita Yoji , Matsumoto Takayuki , Esaki Motohiro , Yao Takashi , Mochizuki Yuichi , Hayashi Kenshi , Iida Mitsuo
Published: March 2005

We treated a 39‐year‐old woman with hypoproteinemia and anemia who had profuse gastric polyposis. Radiographic and endoscopic examination showed numerous polyps restricted to the stomach. The patient had pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in the left lung. Histological examination of the resected stomach revealed the gastric polyposis to be composed of cystic dilatation of the glands with small areas of adenocarcinoma. These findings were compatible with gastric juvenile polyposis (GJP) accompanied by gastric cancer. Analysis of genomic DNA revealed that the patient had truncating mutation of SMAD4, a responsible gene for juvenile polyposis (JP). Our case suggests that SMAD4 is possibly a responsible gene for GJP. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid array‐based genomic characterization of a subtle structural abnormality: A patient with psychosis and der(18)t(5;18)(p14.1;p11.23)
Authors: Drazinic Carolyn M. , Ercan‐Sencicek Adife G. , Gault Laura M. , Hisama Fuki M. , Qumsiyeh Mazin B. , Nowak Norma J. , Cubells Joseph F. , State Matthew W.
Published: March 2005

Array‐based copy number analysis has recently emerged as a rapid means of mapping complex and/or subtle chromosomal abnormalities. We have compared two such techniques, using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays in the evaluation of a 45‐year‐old woman with dysmorphic features, mental retardation, psychosis, and an unbalanced derivative chromosome 18, (46,XX, der(18)t(18;?)(p12;?)). Both array‐based methods demonstrated that the additional material on chromosome 18 was of 5p origin. The 5p duplication mapped telomeric to 25.320 Mb (BAC array) and 25.607 Mb (SNP array), corresponding to the band 5p14.1. Both BAC and SNP arrays also showed a deletion involving chromosome 18p extending telomeric from 8.437 Mb (BAC array) and 8.352 Mb (SNP array), corresponding to the band 18p11.23. Molecular cytogenetic mapping using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) supported the array findings and further refined the breakpoint regions, confirming that the BAC and SNP chips were both useful in this regard. Both case reports and linkage analyses have implicated these chromosomal intervals in psychosis. The array‐based experiments were completed over the course of several days. While these methods do not eliminate the requirement for traditional fine‐mapping, they provide an efficient approach to identifying the origin and extent of deleted and duplicated material in chromosomal rearrangements. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Antiapoptotic Activity of a Novel Analogue of the Neutral Sphingomyelinase Inhibitor Scyphostatin
Authors: Claus Ralf A. , Wüstholz Annette , Müller Stefan , Bockmeyer Clemens L. , Riedel Norman H. , Kinscherf Ralf , Deigner Hans‐Peter
Published: March 2005

The enantioselective synthesis of an analogue of scyphostatin, a potent inhibitor of the neutral sphingomyelinase, is described. The synthesis starts with cyclohexanone and a protected D‐serine derivative. The key step is an asymmetric hydroxylation to access a hydroxycyclohexanone, which is transformed into a substituted hydroxycyclohexenone. This is converted into the scyphostatin analogue 14, a chemically and metabolically stabilised compound lacking the epoxy function of the natural congener and carrying a palmitic acid group instead of the native trienoyl residue. An evaluation of the biological activity of 14 revealed neutral sphingomyelinase inhibition in several in vivo test systems (monocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes) monitoring antiapoptotic effects and the inversion of phorbolester‐induced translocation of green fluorescent protein labelled kinase (protein kinase C‐α).
Efficient Oxidation of Aromatics with Peroxides under Severe Conditions Using a Microreaction System
Authors: Yube K. , Mae K.
Published: March 2005

Oxidation of 2‐methylnaphthalene was performed as a model reaction under severe conditions in order to develop operation strategies for highly efficient oxidation of aromatics. A microreactor system was used which allows oxidation reactions to be carried out under conditions which cannot be realized by conventional approaches. Owing to the good heat transfer performance and rapid mixing technology, it is possible to increase reaction temperature and add oxidants at considerably higher concentrations than in traditional semibatch processes. The selectivity of the desired product, 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, increased to 50 % via the suppression of consecutive side reactions by controlling a short residence time at a high temperature. It was clarified that microreaction systems provide a new route to precisely control the oxidation of aromatics.
Integration of Microreaction Technology into the Curriculum
Authors: Gorges R. , Taubert T. , Klemm W. , Scholz P. , Kreisel G. , Ondruschka B.
Published: March 2005

As a pioneer in Germany, the Institute of Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena has integrated microreaction technology into its curriculum of industrial chemistry. This essay describes how traditional lab classes in industrial chemistry are replaced or supplemented by microreaction components. It is shown how lab classes on heat transfer, heterogeneous catalysis, mixing and stirring, and photochemistry were modified to meet this objective. In addition to the practical training in different lab classes, microreaction technology was also implemented in lectures, and thus the knowledge about the various possibilities and advantages of this new technology is instilled in future generations of chemists at an early stage of their education.
A μ‐Fluidic Mixing Network
Authors: Baier T. , Drese K. S. , Schönfeld F. , Schwab U.
Published: March 2005

The simulation, fabrication and experimental characterization of a fluidic network of planar micro mixers utilizing chaotic advection induced by Dean vortices are presented. The approach allows realization of specific networks which provide dilution series of two or more fluids. As an example, a mixer network is analyzed where two inlet streams are mixed in ratios 1:2m (m = 1, ..., 5). The layout is performed by means of a network model which is based on detailed computational fluid dynamic simulations.
Organic Synthesis with Microstructured Reactors
Authors: Hessel V. , Löwe H.
Published: March 2005

This article describes the opportunities microstructured reactors offer for chemical plant engineering. This suitability for chemical production is commonly regarded to be the key to market penetration. Century‐long practices with batch‐type stirring and, correspondingly, the existence of capital‐intensive large‐scale plants, hinder an easy and fast implementation of chemical micro process engineering. Seen in the long term, there is potential that new plants can be equipped with microstructured reactors. Only economic balances, however, which draw up profitability, will open the door to the usage of chemical micro process engineering for plant construction. The main arguments for using microstructured reactors are enhanced conversion and selectivity, increased space‐time yields, waste reduction and better safety given the small reactor volumes. Credit‐card sized reaction systems allow one to perform the screening of multi‐step reactions in one run. Even more impressively, similar screening is carried out for single‐step reactions faster and more reliably. Moreover, safe processing with microstructured reactors in the explosive regime enlarges the traditional range of processing. The reaction guidance by microstructured reactors can further influence subsequent processing steps, such as product purification, and in this way can lower the energy costs of processes.
The Structure of Hormaomycin and One of Its All‐Peptide Aza‐Analogues in Solution: Syntheses and Biological Activities of New Hormaomycin Analogues
Authors: Reinscheid Uwe M. , Zlatopolskiy Boris D. , Griesinger Christian , Zeeck Axel , de Meijere Armin
Published: March 2005

Four new aza‐analogues of hormaomycin1, a secondary metabolite with interesting biological activities produced byStreptomyces griseoflavus, were synthesized and subjected to preliminary tests of their antibiotic activity to provide new insights into the structure–activity relationship studies of this class of compounds. The solution structures of hormaomycin1and its aza‐analogue2 awere determined by NMR spectroscopy. The data exhibited a reasonably rigid conformation for both molecules, stabilized by stacking interactions between the aromatic moieties attached to the ring and the side chain. According to NMR‐spectral data the aza‐analogueepi‐2 ahas a rather different conformation and indeed shows no antibacterial activity whatsoever.
Plasmodium falciparum myosins: Transcription and translation during asexual parasite development
Authors: Chaparro‐Olaya Jacqueline , Margos Gabriele , Coles Deborah J. , Dluzewski Anton R. , Mitchell Graham H. , Wasserman Moisés M. , Pinder Jennifer C.
Published: March 2005

Six myosins genes are now annotated in the Plasmodium falciparum Genome Project. Malaria myosins have been named alphabetically; accordingly, we refer to the two latest additions as Pfmyo‐E and Pfmyo‐F. Both new myosins contain regions characteristic of the functional motor domain of “true” myosins and, unusually for P. falciparum myosins, Pfmyo‐F encodes two consensus IQ light chain‐binding motifs. Phylogenetic analysis of the 17 currently known apicomplexan myosins together with one representative of each myosin class clusters all but one of the apicomplexan sequences together in Class XIV. This refines the earlier definition of the Class XIV Subclasses XIVa and XIVb. RT‐PCR on blood stage parasite mRNA amplifies a specific product for all six myosins and each shows developmentally regulated transcription. Thus: Pfmyo‐A and Pfmyo‐B genes are transcribed throughout development; Pfmyo‐C is predominant in trophozoites; Pfmyo‐D occurs in trophozoites and schizonts; Pfmyo‐E though barely present in earlier stages is abundant in schizonts; Pfmyo‐F increases steadily throughout development and maturation. It is known that Pfmyo‐A and Pfmyo‐B are synthesised during late schizogony and we now show that Pfmyo‐D expression is also temporally regulated to late trophozoites and schizonts where it distributes close to segregating nuclei. Thus, in asexual stages myosin synthesis does not always parallel transcript accumulation, showing that translation is also regulated. The implication is that the mRNAs are either subjected to turnover, synthesised and degraded, or that they are sequestered in an inactivate form until required for protein synthesis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 60:200–213, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapy‐related changes in body size in Hispanic children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Baillargeon Jacques , Langevin Anne‐Marie , Lewis Margaret , Grady James J. , Thomas Paul J. , Mullins Judith , Estrada Jaime , Pitney Aaron , Sacks Nancy , Pollock Brad H.
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to examine changes over time in body mass index (BMI) from diagnosis through chemotherapy for pediatric patients with B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODS

The study cohort consisted of 141 white Hispanic pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ALL and were treated at 2 South Texas pediatric oncology centers between 1993 and 2002. Changes in age‐standardized and gender‐standardized BMI scores were assessed.

RESULTS

The study cohort exhibited a steady increase in age‐adjusted and gender‐adjusted BMI scores for the first 12 months of therapy, a modest increase in BMI scores during the 18–23 month and 24–29 month periods, followed by a slight decrease in BMI scores at 30 months (end of therapy). A repeated‐measures analysis indicated significant effects for time (P = 0.019) and time by baseline BMI category interaction (P = 0.0001) but no significant interaction effect between time and gender (P = 0.65).

CONCLUSIONS

Although it is known that leukemia therapy is associated with prevalent obesity in survivorship, its pattern of development during therapy has not been elucidated. In the current cohort of Hispanic children with ALL, BMI scores were elevated at diagnosis (mean ± standard deviation standardized BMI Z score, 0.33 ± 1.4), then increased, and remained elevated for the entire duration of chemotherapy. Patients who were classified as normal weight exhibited an increase in BMI over time; patients who were classified as overweight at diagnosis exhibited BMI patterns that were relatively stable; and patients who were classified as obese exhibited a very slight decline over time. These findings suggest that the risk for chemotherapy‐related weight gain applies predominantly to children who begin ALL therapy within a normal weight range. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The role of nitric oxide synthases and nitrotyrosine in retinoblastoma
Authors: Adithi Mohan , Nalini Venkatesan , Krishnakumar Subramanian
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND

To investigate the potential involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in retinoblastoma, the authors correlated immunoreactivity for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitrotyrosine (NT) with the degree of tumor invasiveness in retinoblastoma.

METHODS

eNOS, iNOS, and NT reactivity was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 34 archival retinoblastoma specimens and in a human Y79 retinoblastoma cell line. The tumors were divided into 2 groups: Group A tumors (n = 17 tumors) with no invasion and Group B tumors (n = 17 tumors) with invasion of the choroid, optic nerve, and/or orbit. The expression levels of eNOS, iNOS, and NT were correlated with invasiveness of the tumors.

RESULTS

In Group A tumors (n = 17 tumors) without invasion, eNOS was positive in 17 of 17 tumors (100%), iNOS was positive in 14 of 17 tumors (82%), and NT was positive in 17 of 17 tumors (100%). In Group B tumors (n = 17 tumors) with invasion, eNOS was positive in 17 of 17 tumors (100%), iNOS was positive in 16 of 17 tumors (94%), and NT was positive in 17 of 17 tumors (100%). The invasive cohort showed significantly higher expression of iNOS (P < 0.0001) and NT (P < 0.020) compared with the noninvasive cohort. Y79 cells also expressed eNOS, iNOS, and NT; and nonneoplastic retina was positive for eNOS, iNOS, and NT.

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together, the results suggested that retinoblastomas can produce NO. The roles of NO in the biology of retinoblastoma and in the prognosis for patients with retinoblastoma remain to be established. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Hebbian learning rule restraining catastrophic forgetting in pulse neural network
Authors: Motoki Makoto , Hamagami Tomoki , Koakutsu Seiichi , Hirata Hironori
Published: March 2005

In this paper, a Hebbian learning rule restraining “catastrophic forgetting” is proposed on a pulsed neural network (PNN) with leaky integrate‐and‐fire neurons. The strong point of this learning rule is that a learning of new pattern does not destroy past ones, and that an efficient use of synapses is enabled. First, in order to consider the function of the learning rule, a fundamental experiment is carried out. Next, to compare the performance between the proposed learning rule and conventional ones on the application, simulation experiments are examined using autonomous behavior robots which are forced to learn concurrently two different environments. The results of the experiments show that the proposed learning rule clearly restrains “catastrophic forgetting” and enables working of more efficient than conventional PNN learning. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 50–60, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10343
PD time‐sequential properties of SF6 and SF6 gas mixture including CO2
Authors: Ohtsuka Shinya , Koumura Masaki , Eguchi Kazuhisa , Hikita Masayuki
Published: March 2005

This paper deals with partial discharge (PD) time‐sequential properties of SF6/N2/CO2 ternary gas mixture as well as SF6 and SF6/N2 gas mixture under AC and positive DC voltage applications. The measurements were carried out by changing the gas pressure up to 0.6 MPa and applied voltage with the N‐shape characteristics of breakdown voltage versus gas pressure for each tested gas considered. We obtained experimental results of the gas pressure dependence of maximum peak value of PD current pulse as well as the relationship between the time interval of PD pulses and the peak value of PD pulse. We discuss the mechanism of increase in breakdown voltage by adding CO2 into SF6/N2 gas mixtures in terms of change of PD type from streamer to leader discharge. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 32–40, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20073
Cross‐species sperm‐FISH assays for chemical testing and assessing paternal risk for chromosomally abnormal pregnancies
Authors: Wyrobek Andrew J. , Schmid Thomas E. , Marchetti Francesco
Published: March 2005

The father, like the mother, can transmit genetic defects to his offspring that are detrimental for normal development and a healthy life. Epidemiological studies have identified associations between several paternal exposures and abnormal reproductive outcomes, but these types of studies are inherently complex and expensive, and the risk factors for the paternal contribution to abnormal reproductive outcomes remain poorly understood. Several sensitive methods have been developed for detecting mutations and chromosomal damage directly in sperm. These assays are potential bioindicators for paternal risk factors for infertility, spontaneous abortions, aneuploidy syndromes, and genetic diseases in children. Among these methods, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been adapted for the detection of numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities in the sperm of an expanding number of species, including humans and rodents. Sperm FISH has identified several potential paternal risk factors such as age, drugs, lifestyles, and various environmental/occupational exposures. Here, we summarize the status of the development and usage of these sperm‐FISH assays and suggest strategies for prioritizing chemical agents for epidemiological investigations to assess paternal risk for abnormal reproductive outcome. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural characterization of an artificial basement membrane produced by cultured keratinocytes
Authors: Inoue Sadayuki , Reinisch Christina , Tschachler Erwin , Eckhart Leopold
Published: March 2005

A recent study in our laboratories on the growth of keratinocytes at the culture medium/air interface has led to the identification of a novel thin sheet‐like matrix that supports adherent cells. This novel matrix consists of components secreted by keratinocytes, including type IV collagen, and laminins 1 and 5, that self‐assembled to a membrane structure. In the present study, a detailed ultrastructural characterization of this membrane was done with high‐resolution electron microscopy after negative staining. The basic organization of the membrane was found to be a dense network of 8‐ to 10‐nm‐wide irregular rod‐like elements. High‐resolution examination and immunolabeling showed that type IV collagen filaments form the core of these elements, and other components including heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the form of 4.5‐ to 5‐nm‐wide ribbon‐like “double tracks” are aggregated around it. These detailed features of the membrane strikingly resembled those of the basement membrane in vivo. These ultrastructural similarities indicate that the membrane may also have basement membrane‐like functional properties, and suggest that it should be considered for testing in future medical applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 158–164, 2005
Effects of a laminin peptide (YIGSR) immobilized on crab‐tendon chitosan tubes on nerve regeneration
Authors: Itoh Soichiro , Matsuda Atsushi , Kobayashi Hisatoshi , Ichinose Shizuko , Shinomiya Kenichi , Tanaka Junzo
Published: March 2005

Thiolated and nonthiolated hydroxyapatite‐coated crab‐tendon chitosan (t‐chitosan/HAp‐SH and t‐chitosan/HAp, respectively) tubes, both alone and conjugated with CDPGYIGSR (YIGSR) peptide, were compared, in order to determine their biocompatibility and efficacy as nerve conduits. YIGSR peptide was adsorbed on the t‐chitosan/HAp (HAp) tubes, and covalently bound on the t‐chitosan/HAp‐SH (HAp‐SH) tubes (Y/HAp and Y/HAp‐SH tubes, respectively). HAp, HAp‐SH, Y/HAp, or Y/HAp‐SH tubes measuring 15 mm were bridge grafted into the sciatic nerve of SD rats. Grafting of 15‐mm‐long Type I atelocollagen tubes and isografting of sciatic nerves were also carried out (N = 6 in each group). After 12 weeks, evoked muscle action potentials were recorded to calculate the terminal latency quotient. Histological observation and analysis of myelinated axons were also carried out. Nerve‐tissue regeneration did not occur directly on the tubes' surfaces in the YIGSR peptide‐unconjugated groups. Transplantation of YIGSR‐conjugated tubes, however, gave rise to regenerated nerve tissue attached to thin layers of epineurium‐like structure formed on the inner‐tube surface. Histological and electrophysiological analyses suggested that although thiolation retards nerve‐tissue regeneration, adsorbed YIGSR, and, to a lesser extent, peptide that had been covalently bound onto the tube surfaces, enhance nerve regeneration, promoting sprouting from the proximal nerve stump and bridging of regenerated axons throughout the tube. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater
βPix‐a enhances the activity of phospholipase Cγ1 by binding SH3 domain in breast cancer
Authors: Bae Ji‐Yeon , Ahn Soo‐Jung , Lee Jeong Eon , Kim Jung‐Eun , Han Mi‐Ryung , Han Wonshik , Kim Seok Won , Shin Hyuk Jai , Lee Seung Joon , Park Dongeun , Noh Dong‐Young
Published: March 2005

Phospholipase C‐γ1 (PLCγ1) plays a critical role in cell growth and proliferation by generating the second messengers, diacylglycerol and 1, 4, 5‐inositol triphosphate. To investigate the roles of Src homology domain 2 and domain 3 of PLCγ1 in PLCγ1‐mediated cell signaling, we characterized some proteins binding to these domains in the MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines. Of the several proteins that bind to glutathione‐S‐transferase‐SH2/SH2/SH3, we identified an 85 kDa protein that binds to the SH3 domain of PLCγ1 as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, p21‐activated protein kinase‐interacting exchange factor‐a (βPix‐a). βPix‐a co‐immunoprecipitated with PLCγ1 in breast cancer tissues extracts and in MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell extracts. In addition, PDGF‐stimulated PLCγ1 activity was elevated in βPix‐a‐overexpressing NIH3T3 cells. Our results suggest that βPix‐a binds to the Src homology domain 3 of PLCγ1 and promotes tumor growth in breast cancer by enhancing the activity PLCγ1. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 1010–1016, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bikunin down‐regulates heterodimerization between CD44 and growth factor receptors and subsequently suppresses agonist‐mediated signaling
Authors: Wakahara Kiyoshi , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Yagyu Tatsuo , Matsuzaki Hidenori , Kondo Toshiharu , Kurita Noriyuki , Sekino Hideo , Inagaki Kiyokazu , Suzuki Mika , Kanayama Naohiro , Terao Toshihiko
Published: March 2005

We provided evidence previously that bikunin, a Kunitz‐type protease inhibitor, can disrupt dimerization of CD44 proteins, which may result in suppression of receptor‐mediated MAP kinase signaling. However, to what extent dimerization may alter ligand‐induced signaling has not been documented. Given the recent recognition that some growth factor receptors can form heterodimers with CD44, the present study was undertaken to determine whether the CD44 and growth factor receptors (e.g., EGFR, FGFR, HGFR, VEGFR, TGF‐βRI, or TGF‐βRII) can form heterodimers in cancer cells and, if so, to investigate the potential functional consequences of such heterodimerization. We also examined whether bikunin can abrogate these heterodimerizations and inhibit CD44/growth factor‐dependent signaling. Here, we show direct evidence for heterodimerization of CD44–FGFR and CD44‐TGF‐βRI in human chondrosarcoma HCS‐2/8 cells, CD44–EGFR complex in human glioma U87MG cells, and CD44–TGF‐βRI heterodimer in human ovarian cancer HRA cells. Coupling of CD44 and growth factor receptor may be selective, depending on a cell type. Bikunin does not alter the ligand binding, whereas functionally reduces heterodimerization between CD44 and growth factor receptors. The disruption of heterodimerization substantially reduces receptor‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation. Taken together, our data suggest that bikunin‐mediated suppression of heterodimerization between CD44 and growth factors may inhibit the agonist‐promoted activation of the signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 995–1009, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SarCNU‐induced G2/M arrest in hepatoma cells is mediated by a p53‐independent phosphorylation of cdc‐2 at Tyr15
Authors: Hung Huynh , Pierce Chow Kad Hoe , Chee Soo Khee , Lawrence Panasci , Hung Nguyen Thanh
Published: March 2005

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem in the Asia‐Pacific region, with high incidence and mortality rate. There is currently no effective treatment for inoperable cases that represent the vast majority of patients. In the present study, we report that in vitro treatment of primary hepatoma, HepG2 (wild‐type p53), PLC/PRF/5 (p53‐mutant), and Hep3B (p53‐deleted) cells with 2‐chloroethyl‐3‐sarcosinamide‐1‐nitrosourea (SarCNU) resulted in upregulation of p53, p21Cip1/Waf1, phosphorylated cdc‐2 at Tyr15 in wild‐type p53 cells and phosphorylation of cdc‐2 at Tyr15 in p53‐mutant or p53‐deleted hepatoma cells. This was accompanied by the reduction in cdc‐2 kinase activity and G2/M cell cycle arrest. These findings indicate that SarCNU‐induced G2/M growth arrest in hepatoma cells by a p53‐independent phosphorylation of cdc‐2. Our data suggest the potential use of SarCNU in treatment of HCC. © 2005 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.
Sorption characteristics of heavy metal ions by a natural zeolite
Authors: Cabrera Camilo , Gabaldón Carmen , Marzal Paula
Published: March 2005

Zeolites have been shown to be effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. A natural material from Cuba, containing zeolite, has been used for the removal of several metal ions, namely Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+, to evaluate its potential use as a low‐cost adsorbent. Batch experiments have been conducted to evaluate the process kinetics and the removal equilibrium at different pH values, metal and zeolite concentrations. Pseudo‐second order kinetics and Freundlich equilibrium parameters have been obtained. Results suggested that this natural zeolite has a high potential for heavy metal retention. The selectivity of the studied metals was determined as Cu2+ ≫ Zn2+ > Ni2+, related to the first hydrolysis equilibrium constant. The metal removal efficacy was strongly dependent on pH, and to a lesser extent on metal/zeolite ratio. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of prefermentative maceration temperature on the colour and the phenolic and volatile composition of rosé wines
Authors: Salinas M Rosario , Garijo José , Pardo Francisco , Zalacain Amaya , Alonso Gonzalo L
Published: March 2005

Prefermentative maceration for 8 h at 5, 10 and 15 °C was used to make rosé wines, and changes in their colour (colour intensity (CI), tone and CIELAB parameters), phenolic compounds (classic indices and individual compounds) and volatile compounds (major and minor) were monitored from the must stage to wines until 6 months after bottling. The 15 °C maceration temperature provided wines with the highest CI, a* and C* values, the greatest malvidin‐3‐glucoside content and the lowest alcohol and ethyl acetate levels. Only in these wines were terpenols released after 6 months in the bottle. The wines produced at 5 °C had the highest ester levels, which also remained more stable during storage. When using maceration temperature as the differentiating variable in a discriminant analysis, volatile compounds were important contributors. However, colour and phenolic compound parameters were important when sampling time was used as the differentiating variable. The best scoring wines in an informal sensory evaluation test were those subjected to 15 °C maceration, while the least appreciated were those macerated at 5 °C. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of nutritive value of cereal and legume straws based on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility
Authors: López Secundino , Davies David R , Giráldez F Javier , Dhanoa MS , Dijkstra Jan , France James
Published: March 2005

The nutritive value of 17 straws was determined on the basis of their chemical composition, in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and rumen fermentation kinetics (from gas production curves measured in vitro). Five roughages were from the cereal species Avena sativa (oat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Secale cereale (rye), Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Zea mays (maize stover). The other 12 samples were legume straws, two samples from each of the species Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Lens culinaris (lentil) and Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) and one sample from each of the species Lathyrus sativus (chickling vetch), Lupinus albus (white lupin), Pisum sativum (field pea), Vicia articulata (one‐flowered vetch), Vicia ervilia (bitter vetch) and Vicia sativa (common vetch). All samples were collected after harvesting from different farms located in León (northwestern Spain). Based on their chemical composition, digestibility and gas production characteristics, species could be clustered into two groups with a significant linkage distance, one for cereal straws that merged at a level of similarity of 80% and the other for legume straws with a degree of similarity of 50%. Species varied widely and significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the two groups of straws. Legume straws showed higher crude protein (74 ± 6.1 vs 29 ± 2.2 g kg−1 DM) and lower fibre (584 ± 18.1 vs 793 ± 27.5 g neutral detergent fibre kg−1 DM) contents than cereal straws and, consequently, DM digestibility coefficients (0.670 vs 0.609; standard error of difference 0.0054) and metabolisable energy values (7.4 ± 0.15 vs 5.7 ± 0.24 MJ kg−1 DM) were significantly greater in legume than in cereal straws. Although there were noticeable differences among species within each botanical family, legume straws showed better nutritional quality than cereal straws, indicating that they could be considered promising and interesting sources of roughage for incorporation into ruminant diets. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Antioxidant activity and characterization of volatile constituents of beechwood creosote
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Geun , Lee Sung‐Eun , Takeoka Gary R , Kim Jeong‐Han , Park Byeoung‐Soo
Published: March 2005

Volatile constituents of beechwood creosote were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The major volatile constituents of creosote were 2‐methoxyphenol (guaiacol; 25.2%) 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol (4‐methylguaiacol; 21.4%), 3‐methylphenol (m‐cresol; 8.3%) 4‐methylphenol (p‐cresol; 7.9%) 2‐methylphenol (o‐cresol; 4.6%) and phenol (2.8%). The antioxidant activity of creosote was evaluated by three different chemical assays. Beechwood creosote exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the formation of conjugated diene hydroperoxides (from methyl linoleate) at concentrations of 500, 750 and 1000 µg ml−1. Creosote had a potent inhibitory effect on the oxidation of hexanal for 40 days at a level of 5 µg ml−1 and also inhibited malonaldehyde (MA) formation from ethyl arachidonate by 92% at a level of 50 µg ml−1. The antioxidative activity of creosote was comparable with that of the well‐known antioxidants α‐tocopherol and BHT in the hexanal assay. However, creosote displayed comparatively lower antioxidant activity in the other two assays. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Peptone preparation from fishing by‐products
Authors: Vieira Gustavo HF , Vieira Regine HSF , Macrae Andrew , Sousa Oscarina V
Published: March 2005

Panulirus argus and P laevicauda lobster carapace meat, lobster tail parings, whole shrimp tails from Cinnamon shrimp, (Macrobachium amazonicum) and scraps left over from filleting Piaui croaker (Plagioscion squamosissimus) were separated, hydrolysed and then lyophilised and used as individual sources of peptone in media for the cultivation of Escherichia coli. The composition of the test media was: 0.3% meat extract, 0.5% peptone and 0.1% lactose. These new sources of peptone were compared with commercially obtained peptone (OXOID), commonly used in laboratory media, and which served as the control. E coli growth curves for each source of peptone were evaluated using the turbidimetry method and biomass quantification was determined by the dry curve method in order to obtain the respective growth rates for these media. E coli grew faster and for longer using alternative sources of peptone than with the control. The peptone yield from lobster carapace meat was 17.6%, from lobster tail parings 10.2%, from Piaui croaker fish scraps 23% and from whole Ciannamon shrimp tails 12.9%. Growth curves and the biomass figures indicate the feasibility of using these fishery by‐products as raw materials for peptone production for microbial media. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
An econometric analysis of trends in research joint venture activity
Authors: Link Albert N. , Paton David , Siegel Donald S.
Published: March 2005

Edith Penrose noted that firms may need to rely on research joint ventures (RJVs) to acquire access to resources that can help them achieve and sustain a competitive advantage. We estimate an econometric model of the propensity of firms to disclose their intention to engage in RJVs, in order to explain the recent precipitous decline in RJVs filed with the US Department of Justice. We find that RJV activity is inversely related to the competitive position of US firms in global high‐technology industries and that the establishment of the US Commerce Department's Advanced Technology Program (ATP) induced a structural change in the propensity of firms to engage in RJVs. Thus, two factors may explain the recent downturn in RJVs: a substantial improvement in US global performance in high‐technology markets and a sharp decline in ATP funding. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining the Penrose effect in an international business context: the dynamics of Japanese firm growth in US industries
Authors: Tan Danchi , Mahoney Joseph T.
Published: March 2005

Penrose (1959) theoretically developed the research proposition that the finite capacities of a firm's internally experienced managers limit the rate at which the firm can grow in a given period of time. One empirical implication that follows logically from this line of reasoning is thata fast‐growing firm will eventually slow down its growth in the subsequent time periodbecause its firm‐specific management team, which is posited to be inelastic at least in the short run, is unable to handle effectively the increased demands that are placed on these internally experienced managers due to increased complexity as well as the time and attention that the new managers require from these internally experienced managers. Consequently, inefficiency in the firm's current operations will follow if the firm maintains its high rate of growth. The research proposition that a firm cannot remain operationally effective if it maintains high rates of growth in successive time periods, and that consequently those firms with foresight typically willslow down their growth in the subsequent time periodis known as the ‘Penrose effect’ in the research literature, and this effect of dynamic adjustment costs has been examined and corroborated in a few empirical research studies. However, researchers have not yet examined the Penrose effect in an international business context.

The current paper examines the Penrose effect in an international business context by exploring under what conditions Japanese firms achieve high growth in consecutive time periods in the entered US industries. The empirical results indicate that, consistent with Penrose's (1959) resource‐ based theory prediction, Japanese multinational firms that entered in US industries where the extent of knowledge tacitness, globalization, and unionization was high, rapid expansion growth in one time period had negative impacts on growth in the subsequent time period. Thus, dynamic adjustment costs limit the rate of the growth of the firm and the development of dynamic capabilities in this international business context, which suggests that the Penrose effect may be widely applicable to international business and corporate strategy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Penrose and the growth of multinational firms
Authors: Kay Neil M.
Published: March 2005

In this paper, we look at the relationship of Penrose's theory of the growth of the firm to the multinational enterprise.

We argue that one element in exploring the nature and evolution of the MNE may lie in asking the question; ‘what was there before there was the MNE?’ The answer to this may lie in examining corporate growth processes and the evolution of large firms through internal growth and external growth. By placing the MNE in the broader context of Penrosian growth processes, it may be possible to develop a fuller analysis of the globalisation of economic activity.

We also argue that the potential benefits from pursuing such possible links may not just be limited to work in the international business field. By developing an approach to the multinational based on such foundations, it may be possible to contribute to understanding and analysis in areas (such as corporate growth) that have been traditionally regarded as the preserve of the industrial organisation theorists, but which have been relatively neglected by them in recent years. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Edith Penrose's contribution to economics and strategy: an overview
Authors: Thompson Steve , Wright Mike
Published: March 2005

The motivation behind this special issue ofManagerial and Decision Economicswas two‐fold: First, the special issue offered the opportunity to re‐consider the huge contribution of Edith Penrose to the fields of strategy and economics. Second, it allowed us to present new research from both perspectives on the process of firm growth, an area pioneered by Penrose. In this introduction we discuss the contributions to the special issue in the context of Edith Penrose's life and work. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manpower allocation with time windows and job‐teaming constraints
Authors: Li Yanzhi , Lim Andrew , Rodrigues Brian
Published: March 2005

In this work, we study manpower allocation with time windows and job‐teaming constraints. A set of jobs at dispersed locations requires teams of different types of workers where each job must be carried out in a preestablished time window and requires a specific length of time for completion. A job is satisfied if the required composite team can be brought together at the job's location for the required duration within the job's time window. The objective is to minimize a weighted sum of the total number of workers and the total traveling time. We show that construction heuristics used with simulated annealing is a good approach to solving this NP‐hard problem. In experiments, this approach is compared with solutions found using CPLEX and with lower bounds obtained from a network flow model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
Anticancer effect of hyperthermia on prostate cancer mediated by magnetite cationic liposomes and immune‐response induction in transplanted syngeneic rats
Authors: Kawai Noriyasu , Ito Akira , Nakahara Yoko , Futakuchi Mitsuru , Shirai Tomoyuki , Honda Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Takeshi , Kohri Kenjiro
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND

The hyperthermic effect of magnetic particles was examined in rat prostate cancer in vivo. Magnetic cationic liposomes (MCLs) have a positive surface charge and generate heat in an alternating magnetic field (AMF) due to hysteresis losses.

METHODS

Rat prostate cancer cells (PLS 10; androgen independent) were injected subcutaneously into the flank of F344 rats. MCLs were injected into rat prostate cancer nodules that had grown to 5–6 mm in diameter, and were then exposed to an AMF. Tumor growth rates were measured. To examine whether hyperthermia caused immune induction for PLS 10, cytotoxicity assays and immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, and Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70 were performed.

RESULT

The tumor temperature increased to 45°C whereas the body temperature remained at around 38°C. Tumor regression was observed in the hyperthermic group. CD3, CD4, and CD8 immunocytes were present in the tumor tissues of the rats exposed to hyperthermia, but they were not detected in any of the tumor tissue of untreated rats. HSP70 also appeared in the viable area at its boundary with the necrotic area. The cytotoxic activity of tumor‐transplanted rats for PLS 10 cells increased in hyperthermic‐treatment rats.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that hyperthermia using MCLs is an effective therapy for prostate cancer, since this treatment appears to kill the prostate cancer cells not only directly by heating but also by inducing an immune response. This therapy may cure not only the primary lesion but also metastatic lesions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dislocation density reduction in GaN using porous SiN interlayers
Authors: Sagar Ashutosh , Feenstra R. M. , Inoki C. K. , Kuan T. S. , Fu Y. , Moon Y. T. , Yun F. , Morkoç H.
Published: March 2005

The influence of a thin porous SiNx interlayer on the growth of GaN by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been studied. The interlayer is deposited on a GaN template by introducing silane in the presence of ammonia into the MOCVD chamber, and a GaN overlayer is deposited on the interlayer. The SiNx interlayer produces inhomogeneous nucleation and lateral growth of the overlayer, causing bending of dislocations towards facet walls, and it also blocks some dislocations from entering the overlayer. The dislocation density for a GaN overlayer grown on a SiNx interlayer was reduced to 7 × 108 cm–2, which is an order of magnitude less than that for a control sample grown without an interlayer. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)