bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Pressure Hydrogen Jet Behavior: Flow Rate and Inner Morphology Investigation
Authors: Montanaro Alessandro , Allocca Luigi , Meccariello Giovanni
Published: April 2024

The combustion of fossil-based fuels in ICEs, resulting in a huge amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) and leading to an immense global temperature rise, are the root causes of the more stringent emission legislations to safeguard health and that encourage further investigations on alternative carbon-neutral fuels.

In this respect, the hydrogen has been considered as one of the potential clean fuels because of its zero-carbon nature. The current development of hydrogen-based ICEs focuses on the direct injection (DI) strategy as it allows better engine efficiency than the port fuel injection one. The behavior of the fuel jet is a fundamental aspect of the in-cylinder air-fuel mixing ratio, affecting the combustion process, the engine performances, and the pollutants emissions.

In the present study, comprehensive investigations on the hydrogen jet behavior, generated by a Compressed Hydrogen Gas (CHG) injector under different operative conditions, were performed. A measuring system, suitable for the gaseous fuels, was used for measuring the flow rate. The fuel jet morphology was studied in a constant volume vessel filled with nitrogen as function of the injection pressure (up to 4.0 MPa) and different backpressure in the vessel, through the measurements of the jet penetrations, total areas, and cone angles showing a strong dependence from the set parameters. The cycle-resolved schlieren imaging technique by a high-speed camera was used to follow the jet spreads while the images were processed by a home-made procedure allowed to identify the contours of the hydrogen jet in the nitrogen gas and hence to measure the main parameters characterizing the jet structure.
Constraint-based Modeling of Fuel-spray Boundary Flow Fields under Sub-cooled and Flash-boiling Conditions
Authors: Zhou Ziming , Zhao Fengnian , Hung David , Huang Qin
Published: April 2024

The continuous improvement of spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) engines is largely attributed to the enhanced understanding of air-fuel mixing and combustion processes. The intricate interaction between transient spray behavior and the ambient flow field is important to unveil the airflow dynamics during the spray injection process. This study investigates the fuel-spray boundary interactions under different superheated conditions by analyzing the ambient flow field pattern with constraint-based modeling (CBM). In the experimental setup, superheated conditions are facilitated by adjusting different fuel temperatures and ambient pressures. By adding the tracer particles containing Rhodamine 6G to the ambient air, the combined diagnostic of fluorescent particle image velocimetry (FPIV) and Mie-scattering is implemented to measure the velocity distribution and flow trajectory of the air surrounding the spray formation and propagation. For analytical analysis, a data-driven approximation method is developed by utilizing the spatiotemporal characteristics of spray-air boundary interaction. Specifically, a piecewise exponential regression model is proposed with 6 model coefficients and three segment boundaries. The segment boundaries of the piecewise expression align well with the boundary position between the entrainment, recirculation, and spray-tip regions. Further analysis of the coefficients of the regression model reveals different time-evolving flow field patterns under sub-cooled and flash-boiling conditions. For most non and transitional flash-boiling conditions, the model reaches over 90% reconstruction accuracy compared to the experimental result. Moreover, detailed model coefficient analysis suggests that the temporal development of ambient flow field pattern could be accurately captured from an explicit exponential expression. For flare flash-boiling conditions, more intense atomization near the injector would result in more intense entrainment velocity near the injection region. Besides, flare flash-boiling would increase the area of the recirculation region and subsequently decrease entrainment and spray-tip area. Furthermore, the momentum of the ambient flow is primarily aggregated within the recirculation region, resulting in lower entrainment and diffusion intensity at the other two regions. In conclusion, this work proposes an innovative CBM approach to investigate the spatiotemporal flow field patterns and sheds light on the potentials of low-latency time-series flow field prediction.
Exhaust Slip-Stream Sampling System for Aftertreatment Device Testing
Authors: Loprete Jason , Ristow Hadlich Rodrigo , Sirna Amanda , Assanis Dimitris , Mon Tala , Kyriakidou Eleni
Published: April 2024

Design, testing, and implementation of new aftertreatment devices under various engine operating conditions is necessary to meet increasingly stringent regulatory mandates. One common aftertreatment device, the catalytic converter, is typically developed at a reduced scale and tested using predefined fluid compositions sourced from bottle gases and can undergo both species and temperature cycling in addition to steady-state testing. However, these bench-top conditions may differ from real-world operation in terms of flow-rates, species composition, and temperatures experienced. Transitioning from small-scale bench-top testing to full-scale engine applications requires larger monoliths that therefore have a significant amount of catalyst slurry to be washcoated, which increases cost and fabrication time. Being able to experience realistic emission streams under scaled flowrates would allow for a physically smaller catalyst testing at matched space velocities resulting in faster, more cost-effective determination of aftertreatment device effectiveness. This work documents the design and performance of an intermediary-scale (5-50 SLPM) setup to aid in the catalyst testing process. This is accomplished using a secondary exhaust branch to flow a variable percentage of exhaust from the main branch. The system siphons exhaust via a slip-stream approach driven by a venturi ejector, which is commonly used in automotive applications to dilute samples for emissions analysis. Instead, the pre-diluted flow from the ejector is routed through the catalyst, where post catalyst emissions testing occurs. The system is evaluated under a range of engine operating conditions with varied equivalence ratio and intake pressures to affect exhaust out temperatures / catalyst inlet temperature which is critical for testing catalyst activation. Emissions are recorded in both the main and secondary branch with no aftertreatment device installed to verify compositional parity. Initial results show that the two branches produce self-similar engine-out emissions, but with the ability to scale flow and modulate temperature through the secondary catalyst testing branch.
Effect of Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing on Strength Behaviour of Automotive Alloy Wheel
Authors: S Gurumoorthy , A Karthick
Published: April 2024

Strength, creep, and fatigue of the chassis components are greatly influenced by the material used and its manufacturing process. Alloy wheel is one of the critical chassis components manufactured using the casting process. Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS) is one of the important microstructural parameters generated during the solidification stage of the casting process. SDAS has a significant role in altering the mechanical properties and the behavior of the component. Variation in solidification time and alloy composition will have a major impact in SDAS. The combined effect of SDAS with microstructural variations and the strength behavior has not been studied in earlier literature for an alloy wheel.

The scope of this study is to perform casting simulation for an alloy wheel, predict the SDAS and capture the variation of mechanical properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength & elongation). Further a few casting simulations were carried out by changing the solidification time and alloy composition to predict the variation of SDAS and its relationship with mechanical properties. The effect of SDAS on strength behavior of the wheel is studied by wheel simulation and correlated with test results.
Study of Indian Road Traffic Accident Characteristics Using Clustering Analysis
Authors: Vimalathithan Kulothungan , Rao K M Pranesh , Vallabhaneni Pratapnaidu , Selvarathinam Vivekraj , Manoharan Jeyabharath , Pal Chinmoy , Padhy Sitikantha , Joshi Madhusudan
Published: April 2024

In 2021, 412,432 road accidents were reported in India, resulting in 153,972 deaths and 384,448 injuries. India has the highest number of road fatalities, accounting for 11% of the global road fatalities. Therefore, it is important to explore the underlying causes of accidents on Indian roads. The objective of this study is to identify the factors inherent in accidents in India using clustering analysis based on self-organizing maps (SOM). It also attempts to recommend some countermeasures based on the identified factors. The study used Indian accident data collected by members of ICAT-ADAC (International Centre for Automotive Technology - Accident Data Analysis Centre) under the ICAT-RNTBCI joint project approved by the Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India. 210 cases were collected from the National Highway between Jaipur and Gurgaon and 239 cases from urban and semi-urban roads around Chennai were used for the analysis.

Based on this study, the following results were obtained from (i) Macro Analysis: Accidents on straight roads occur at uncontrolled intersections due to excessive speed. In rugged terrain, accidents occur in rainy and foggy environmental conditions. (ii) From micro analysis - National Highway: Lack of underride guard bars/non-standard guard bars cause serious rear-end crashes, non-use of seat belts in large vehicles increases the likelihood of fatal crashes.

One-way divider cuts, rumble strips, safer pedestrian infrastructure, use of roadway lighting, and signage are effective in reducing fatal crashes. The results of this study will help transportation authorities and relevant government policymakers make the necessary decisions to improve road traffic safety.
Route-Optimized Energy Usage for a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Mode Blending
Authors: Robare Andrew , Poovalappil Aman , Bahramgiri Mojtaba , Robinette Darrell , Naber Jeffrey , Chen Bo
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a methodology to optimize the blending of charge-depleting (CD) and charge-sustaining (CS) modes in a multi-mode plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The objective of the optimization is to best utilize onboard energy for minimum overall energy consumption based on speed and elevation profile. The optimization reduces overall energy consumption when the selected route cannot be completely driven in all-electric mode. The optimization method splits drive cycles into constant distance segments and then uses a reduced-order model to sort the segments by the best use of battery energy vs. fuel energy. The PHEV used in this investigation is the Stellantis Pacifica. Results support energy savings up to 20% which depend on the route and initial battery State of Charge (SOC). Initial optimization takes 1 second for 38 km and 3 seconds for 154 km.
Security Requirements for Vehicle Security Gateways
Authors: Gardiner Ben , Maag John , Tindell Ken
Published: April 2024

The NMFTA’s Vehicle Cybersecurity Requirements Woking Group (VCRWG), comprised of fleets, OEMs and cybersecurity experts, has worked the past few years to produce security requirements for Vehicle Network Gateways. Vehicle Network Gateways play an important role in vehicle cybersecurity – they are the component responsible for assuring vehicle network operations in the presence of untrustworthy devices on the aftermarket or diagnostics connectors. This paper offers security requirements for these gateways in design, implementation and operation. The requirements are specified at levels of abstraction applicable to all vehicle networks down to CAN networks specifically. These requirements were captured using the https://github.com/strictdoc-project/strictdoc requirements management tool and will be made available also as a ReqIF format along with the paper at https://github.com/nmfta-repo/vcr-experiment.
An LCA Evaluation for Passenger Cars based on the Comparison of Scenarios and Vehicles with Different Technologies
Authors: Meccariello Giovanni , Della Ragione Livia
Published: April 2024

The LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodology is nowadays considered fundamental for the estimation and analysis of the economic and social impacts coming from the CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) footprint. It is a methodology for evaluating the “environmental footprint” of the product, “from cradle to grave” and it is carried out by quantifying the impacts deriving from both the use of resources and emissions into the environment. The aim of this study is to contribute to environmental assessment in the context of the sustainability of vehicular transport in urban areas. For this reason, through a comparative analysis of the LCA it is possible to evaluate the CO2 emissions deriving from cars during real use and relating to the entire life of the vehicles. Three comparisons were made considering pairs made up of an electric vehicle and an internal combustion vehicle of the same segment and category: small city cars, mid-size and SUV. In the development of the work, various articles have been studied related to the methodology for the overall impact in terms of CO2 equivalent and to categorized into the specific contributions. On a global scale, the overall impact can be divided into several main macro components: the Well To Tank (WTT) phase, which encompasses the processes involved in supplying primary energy to the vehicle, such as fossil fuel extraction, biofuel production, electricity generation, and distribution, before its consumption by the vehicle; the Tank To Wheels (TTW) phase, which evaluates the vehicle's performance after refueling; and the phase that considers the environmental implications of vehicle production, including manufacturing and disposal processes for all components involved. The variability of the results obtained from the analysis of EU and USA scenarios, based on energy trends, on combustion mobility, and on the battery replacement life for BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles) is decisively influenced by the factors considered.
Study on the Optimization of Sealing Environment of Cylinder Head Gasket
Authors: Dong Shen Xiao , Jingwei Ma , Hu Jia Jia , Yu Peng Fei , Wang Jin Lin , Shen Jing Qian , Ji Lei
Published: April 2024

Typically, modern automotive engine designs include separate cylinder heads and cylinder blocks and utilize a multilayer steel head gasket (MLS) to seal the resulting joint. Cylinder head bolts are used to hold the joint together and the non-linear properties of head gasket provide capability to seal the movement within the joint, which is essential for engine durability and performance.

The current design of cylinder head gasket mainly evaluates the sealing performance in hot and cold state through finite element analysis. The sealing performance of cylinder head gasket is mainly determined by sealing pressure, fatigue and lateral movement in the joint, which have been widely studied [1]. However, no one has been involved in the study of factors affecting sealing pressure and lateral movement in the joint.

This paper focuses on the influence of the temperature distribution and rigidity of cylinder block and cylinder head on the sealing pressure of cylinder head gasket and the lateral movement in the joint. First, the mechanism of a basic temperature field and rigidity of cylinder block and cylinder head on flange surface deformation is studied. Based on this research basis, a new design and development method and the critical design parameters that affect the deformation of cylinder block and cylinder head flange surface are defined. The newly developed method is used to improve the sealing environment of cylinder head gasket, which can greatly improve the sealing reliability of cylinder head gasket, and the setting of critical design parameters is discussed.
High-Precision Autonomous Parking Localization System based on Multi-Sensor Fusion
Authors: Chen Guoying , Wang Ziang , Gao Zheng , Yao Jun , Wang Xinyu
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses the issues of long-term signal loss in localization and cumulative drift in SLAM-based online mapping and localization in autonomous valet parking scenarios. A GPS, INS, and SLAM fusion localization framework is proposed, enabling centimeter-level localization with wide scene adaptability at multiple scales. The framework leverages the coupling of LiDAR and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to create a point cloud map within the parking environment. The IMU pre-integration information is used to provide rough pose estimation for point cloud frames, and distortion correction, line and plane feature extraction are performed for pose estimation. The map is optimized and aligned with a global coordinate system during the mapping process, while a visual Bag-of-Words model is built to remove dynamic features. The fusion of prior map knowledge and various sensors is employed for in-scene localization, where a GPS-fusion Bag-of-Words model is used for vehicle pose initialization. Finally, Error-State Kalman filtering is conducted for point cloud matching and IMU pre-integration information, resulting in filtered accurate poses. In our Bag-of-Words-based localization approach, YOLO object detection is used to exclude keyframes that may have dynamic features. When the vehicle reaches a similar scene, it triggers pose optimization to improve the accuracy and stability of initial localization. This paper validates the proposed SLAM system on multiple sequences of KITTI dataset to demonstrate the accuracy of prior maps. Finally, a vehicle platform was built for localization experiments in parking scenarios. In the absence of sufficient GPS signal, the optimal RMSE of the trajectory can reach 5.24cm, with an angle error within 0.35 °.
‘Understanding socialism from the outside and from the inside’ – Interview with Alberto Chilosi
Authors: Carnevali Emilio , Pedersen Ystehede André
Published: April 2024

Alberto Chilosi is a former Professor of Economic Policy in the Department of Economics at the University of Pisa, Italy. After obtaining a degree in Law at Pisa, he earned a scholarship to Warsaw, receiving a Diploma in Economic Planning in 1968 and a Doctorate in Economics in 1972. He has been mainly active in the area of Comparative Economics, the Economics of Socialism, and the Economics of Transition. As a chairman of the Italian Association of Comparative Economic Studies, he has cooperated to organise the founding of the European Association of Comparative Economic Studies, serving as a member of its first Executive Committee. As a Senior Associate Member of St Antony’s College, University of Oxford (UK), he has taken part in its research in the area of Economics of Eastern Europe. He has also contributed in the areas of Macroeconomics and Growth Theory. While there are numerous examples of Western scholars who have studied the socialist system from the outside, as well as Eastern scholars who have studied it from the inside, Chilosi represents a rare case of a scholar who has managed to study the system from both perspectives simultaneously.
Schumann resonance anomalies associated with two (M~7) Tohoku offshore earthquakes in the spring of 2021
Authors: Hayakawa Masashi , Izutsu Jun , Nickolaenko Alexander P. , Schekotov Alexander , Galuk Yuri P. , Kudintseva Irina G
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT. We describe the Schumann resonance (SR) anomalies associated with two earthquakes (EQs) observed in Japan in the spring of 2021. SR is the global electromagnetic phenomenon observed in the ELF (extremely low frequency) band, and its resonance peaks are observed in the power spectra on natural radio noise at frequencies of 8, 14, 20, Hz, etc. The natural source of ELF radiation is the global lightning activity occurring in the Earth-ionosphere cavity. The anomalies were observed for the first time in Japan for the EQs in Taiwan when the distance between the observatory and the EQ epicenter was a few Mm (1 Mm = 1000 km). Recently, a new SR anomaly was addressed, related to nearby (a few hundred km) EQs (Hayakawa et al., 2019, 2020a,b). This paper presents the SR anomalies observed in the vicinity of Nagoya-city for two relatively close (~500 km) successive EQs with magnitude around 7 that occurred offshore the Tohoku area in Japan. The anomaly is characterized by the noticeable simultaneous increase or decrease in the amplitudes of three SR modes. This SR unusual behavior was observed prior to and after each of the two EQs that occurred in February and March, 2021. Observational data were interpreted in the model of seismogenic perturbations of the lower ionospheric conductivity profile. Model computations imply the full-wave solution of the ELF electromagnetic problem in the form of the Riccati equation and the 2D (two dimensional) telegraph equations. We show that observed disturbances in the SR power spectra might be attributed to two types of seismogenic modifications in the lower ionospheric profile: the compression or the expansion of the vertical profiles of mesospheric conductivity over the EQ epicenter.
Space-based GNSS radio signals to investigate ionospheric plasma changes preceding the 2016 Al Hoceima-Morocco earthquake, Mw=6.4
Authors: Tachema Abdennasser , Nadji Abdelmansour , Sondhiya Deepak Kumar
Published: April 2024

This paper examines abrupt variations in ionospheric electron density preceding the Al Hoceima earthquake (January 25th, 2016, Mw = 6.4, Northern Morocco). The observed anomalous behavior in the F2-ionospheric region, at about 350 km altitude, raises the possibility of a connection with impending seismic activity of moderate-to-great magnitude, supporting the hypothesis that Total Electron Content (TEC) variations could serve as potential earthquake precursors. For this purpose, we have exploited one of the main ionospheric keys, TEC, through a network of over one hundred dual-frequency Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GPS/GNSS) receivers. Through calculation algorithms based on spherical harmonic analysis of GPS/GNSS Observation-Navigation data, we were able to produce local ionospheric maps to restore the GPS-TEC signal and investigate potential ionospheric disturbances associated with this shallow-focus and strong earthquake. Since the ionospheric TEC is a function of the variability and dynamics of the Earth’s ionosphere, mainly time-space and solar-geomagnetic activities, we had to consider each of these disturbing factors separately. In fact, the seismic zone of Al Hoceima (Morocco, North Africa), at about 35°N latitude, belongs to the region of low geographical latitudes. In such regions the variations of the ionospheric layer are slight. Moreover, during the earthquake preparation period, space weather conditions exhibited a calm state characterized by low solar activity and the absence of geomagnetic storms. The adequate effects of these physical conditions allow us, through wavelet transform, to emerge solely signatures of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances. Based on the seismo-ionospheric combination model, we have highlighted some ionospheric electron density irregularities that decreased abnormally, near the epicenter several days prior to the 2016 Al Hoceima main event. From these findings, we can state that such research provides a promising approach for predicting earthquakes through large fluctuations in the ionized shell of the Earth’s atmosphere, thereby offering the prospect of a life-saving seismic alarm.
Earthquakes and related anomalous electromagnetic radiation
Authors: Kachakhidze Manana K , Kachakhidze-Murphy Nino , Khvitia Badri
Published: April 2024

According to the presented work, VLF/LF electromagnetic emissions might be declared as the main precursor of earthquakes since based on these very emissions, it might predict (M ≥ 5) inland earthquakes. As for ULF radiations, it governs some processes going on in the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) system. By these points, VLF/LF/ULF electromagnetic emissions have to consider more universal fields than other geophysical field anomalies during the earthquake preparation period up to aftershocks extinction.
Investigation of Coir Fiber as a Sustainable Reinforcement in Non-Asbestos Organic Brake Pad Composites
Authors: Kocheril Rajesh , A Ritwik , M A Prasanth , Ravi Rahul
Published: April 2024

This work highlights the establishment and characterisation of new natural fibre-reinforced composite brake pad materials to replace asbestos fibre material, the dust of which is carcinogenic and dangerous to humans. Different additives like M-Sand and Glass fibre are used to study the change in properties of coir fibre-reinforced non-asbestos organic (NAO) brake friction material. The coir fibre-built-up NAO brake cushion material was created utilizing a pressure shaping interaction with 3 distinct definitions by differing the constituents. Studies are directed at NAO brake contact materials to track down their similarity as a brake rubbing material. The material was inspected and tried utilizing a Widespread Testing Machine (UTM), Tensiometer, nail Circle and Rockwell hardness analyzer to investigate its rigidity and tribological properties individually. The water retention and oil ingestion properties of the brake cushion material were additionally concentrated according to ASTM norms. The hardness, porosity, and ultimate strength of NAO brake friction samples were higher than those of commercial brake pad material (CBP). The density appears to be less than that of commercial brake pad material. The presence of coir fibre and M- Sand increased the amount of water and oil absorption by the materials. Hence, the NaOH treatment has reduced the water absorption ability of the materials. The wear rate was higher than that of commercial brake pad material and the COF value was between 0.4 and 0.5 for every sample that we prepared by varying the quantity of different additives. It can be concluded that the sample with 15% coir fibre and 15% M- Sand has shown a better result than others except for an increase in water absorption. As a result, coir fibre-reinforced non-asbestos organic (NAO) brake friction material can be a viable candidate filler material for the production of asbestos-free replacement brake pads with no adverse effects.
Effect of Different Seasons on the Milk Quality Parameters of
Mohali District
Authors: Kaur Mandheer , Singh Chaitanayajit , Magot Ankit , Kaur Palki Sahib , Kumar Aditya
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to explore the effect of variation of different seasons on the composition of raw milk. The samples of raw milk were taken during winter, spring and summer season from a different region of Chandigarh. Biophysical and biochemical properties i.e. fat, protein, reducing sugars and lactose were analyzed. The result showed that summer milk had notable higher temperature, high pH, high reducing sugars, and high conductivity as compared to milk collected during spring and winter season. Whereas, protein, fat and lactose content were higher in winter as compared to spring and summer (P<0.05). Contaminated milk is a global cover and social issue that exists in the rural and municipal countries. Growing and developing areas are at higher risk due to a lack of monitoring and policies. Consumption of contaminated milk leads to various serious threats to health causes fatal diseases and could impact on the food industry. In various industries to check the milk adulteration requires expensive techniques which small vendors cannot afford. A comphersenive study has been carried out on the detection of milk adulteration kits.
Applications of Machine Learning in Diverse Sector: A Study
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Kumar Santosh
Published: April 2024

Machine learning (ML) has a ray of hope in various sectors such as smart cities, cyber security, e-commerce, manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture etc. Various types of ML techniques (supervised, un-supervised, semi supervised, and reinforcement learning) exist in this field. Hence, the purpose of this manuscript is to give an overview of distinct ML
techniques. Then the role/applications of ML techniques in real world applications are discussed. Finally, the challenges and research directions are presented. Thus, this paper will become useful for industry, academia professional and decision makers in distinct real world applications.
Usos de los subproductos de la papa en la industria alimentaria: RSL
Authors: Chancha Inga Huber Joel , Seguil Gonzales Luz clarita , Alvarado León Daniel Edgar , Larrea Cerna Crhistian Omar
Published: April 2024

Este artículo de revisión sistemática analiza los usos de los subproductos de la papa en la industria alimentaria, resaltando que muchos de estos subproductos son desechados al medio ambiente sin tratamiento debido a su bajo valor comercial, lo que representa un riesgo ambiental. El objetivo del estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de literatura acerca de los usos que se realizan a los subproductos de papa en la industria alimentaria, identificando 32 artículos relevantes entre 3547 encontrados en la base de datos de Scopus. Los resultados muestran que los subproductos de la papa pueden ser utilizados como ingrediente en formulaciones de alimentos, extracción de compuestos bioactivos y para conservar alimentos. Según el análisis de los manuscritos, los subproductos de papa tienen un efecto positivo en las diversas aplicaciones mencionadas por sus compuestos bioactivos, donde destacan los polifenoles como el ácido clorogénico, ácido cafeico y el ácido ferúlico que tienen propiedades antioxidantes que al ser incorporadas en nuevas formulaciones de alimentos ofrecen propiedades antimicrobianas, antiinflamatorias y anticancerígenas. Aunque la bibliografía es extensa, aún hay áreas que requieren más investigación para aprovechar los subproductos de la papa de manera sostenible en la industria alimentaria, siguiendo una economía circular.
Design and construction of equipment for the elimination of saponin in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd): Performance tests with Amarillo Marangani variety
Authors: Montañez Artica Wilson Manuel , Ramos Gómez Juan Federico , Sinche Charca Sonia Amandy , Hurtado-Soria Beetthssy Zzussy , Tamara Tamariz Stalein Jackson , Villanueva López Eudes
Published: April 2024

Quinoa is a very important grain for human nutrition; In recent years, several research studies have addressed its nutritional use; However, one of its main weaknesses is its saponin content, which is an anti-nutrient and has a bitter taste. The debittering process involves the principle of recirculation of large quantities of water, with the purpose of reducing the consumption of this substance, it is important to develop methodologies and equipment that improve the efficiency of these traditional washing methods and reduce the work of operators and processors with the intention of making it less costly. The objective of the present research work was to design and build a quinoa de- saponifier , Amarillo Maranganí variety, to evaluate the effect of washing time (5, 10 and 15 min) and the flow of water recirculated by pumping (15, 30 and 45 L/min), on the elimination of saponin to acceptable commercial levels. The results indicated that the highest saponin extraction was achieved when using washing times of 5 min with water flow rates of 15 L/min, and 51.75 % of the initial saponin content was eliminated. In general, it is stated that increasing the flow rate of the washing water reduces the extraction efficiency, but performing a second washing significantly reduces the extraction, the equipment developed presents promising characteristics for application in the industry.
The Role of Driving Actors in the Social Capital Utilization in the Community
Authors:   Faculty of Sociology and Political Science, Brawijaya University, Imron Rozuli Ahmad , Purba Dano ,   Faculty of Sociology and Political Science, Brawijaya University, Nugroho Arief Budi ,   Faculty of Sociology and Political Science, Brawijaya University, Muzakki Muhammad ,   Faculty of Sociology and Political Science, Brawijaya University
Published: April 2024

Population density and lower class marginalization due to the development of elite areas have alienated a community over its identity. The driving actors behind every social change exist, and they utilize a change through the villagers’ literacy power. Mainstreaming views on the actors’ active roles in social change essentially impact knowledge in the sociology of ethnic and cultural society. This study aims to describe the hidden actors behind the phenomenon of cultural movements that exist and develop national and international relations. This paper applies qualitative data collected in a participatory manner through interviews with key actors in Kampung Cempluk Festival. Focus group discussions were conducted with actors involved in every festival held by the community. Informants selected by snowball were then interviewed about their perceptions, motivations, and a value embodiment process. Researchers did the literature study through writings, releases, newspapers, mass media opinions, and several previous researches. The results indicate that alienation will foster citizens’ critical awareness of development and cultural values impacts. It is supported by driving actors who can read the potentials and opportunities in society. Thus, this research becomes the basis for policymakers in planning development which should prioritize a cultural approach and consider the threat of hidden power loss in society.
Impact of Deforestation on Regional Climate Patterns in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Saki
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze impact of deforestation on regional climate patterns.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Research on the impact of deforestation in Japan reveals significant alterations in regional climate patterns. Deforested areas experience changes in precipitation, often leading to decreased rainfall and potential drought conditions. Additionally, deforestation contributes to higher temperatures, exacerbating the urban heat island effect and altering local weather dynamics. Modifications in atmospheric circulation patterns further compound these effects, potentially increasing the frequency of extreme weather events.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of land surface-atmosphere interaction, bio geophysical feedback hypothesis & theory of atmospheric circulation changes may be used to anchor future studies on impact of deforestation on regional climate patterns. Implement sustainable land management practices and reforestation initiatives to mitigate the adverse effects of deforestation on regional climate patterns. Enact and enforce policies that promote sustainable forestry practices, including forest protection, sustainable logging, and forest restoration measures.
Human Resource Management Practices and Firm Innovation: A Study of Technology Startups in Kenya
Authors: Wafula Lukas
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the human resource management practices and firm innovation: a study of technology startups in Kenya.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: In technology startups in Kenya, recruitment strategies drive product innovatio44n by attracting diverse talent, while training initiatives enhance process innovation by improving technical skills. Performance appraisals promote organizational innovation by recognizing innovative contributions, fostering a culture of continuous improvement.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Resource-based view (RBV) theory, social exchange theory & diffusion of innovation theory may be used to anchor future studies on the human resource management practices and firm innovation: a study of technology startups in Kenya. Technology startups should prioritize employee development and learning initiatives to nurture a culture of innovation and continuous improvement. Policymakers should create a supportive regulatory environment that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship in Kenya's technology startup ecosystem.
Low-Paid EU Migrant Workers
Authors: Barnard Catherine , Costello Fiona , Fraser Butlin Sarah
Published: April 2024

Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. This unique research paints a vivid picture of migrant workers' experiences following Brexit and COVID-19. Based on a longitudinal study, it explores their legal struggles, uncovers the hidden interactions between the law and communities around employment, housing, welfare and health issues and sheds much-needed light on the crucial role of NGOs working to support them.
Valuing Safety and Privacy in Retail Central Bank Digital Currency
Authors:   Reserve Bank of Australia, Fairweather Zan , Fiebig Denzil ,   University of New South Wales, Gorajek Adam ,   Reserve Bank of Australia, Guttmann Rochelle ,   Reserve Bank of Australia, Ma June ,   Harvard University, Mulqueeney Jack ,   Reserve Bank of Australia
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the merits of introducing a retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) in Australia, focusing on the extent to which consumers would value having access to a digital form of money that is even safer and potentially more private than commercial bank deposits. To conduct our exploration we run a discrete choice experiment, which is a technique designed specifically for assessing public valuations of goods without markets. The results suggest that the average consumer attaches no value to the added safety of a CBDC. This is consistent with bank deposits in Australia already being perceived as a safe form of money, and physical cash issued by the Reserve Bank of Australia continuing to be available as an alternative option. Privacy settings of a CBDC, which can take various forms, look more consequential for the CBDC value proposition. We find no clear relationship between safety or privacy valuations and the degree of consumers' cash use.
AUTOMEDICAÇÃO COM PSICOTRÓPICOS EM PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE DE UM MUNICÍPIO CEARENSE
Authors: Melo de Oliveira Raiane , De Oliveira Maia Jéssica Karen , Oliveira Teixeira Sayonara , Sindeaux Benevides Marina Layara , Do Prado Cruz Helânia , Mota de Anchiêta Tatiane , Mesquita Rocha Maria Iranilde , Catarina Passos Lopes Maria Áurea
Published: April 2024

A automedicação consiste no uso de medicamentos por conta própria ou por indicação de pessoas não habilitadas. Os psicotrópicos são substâncias que atuam sobre o Sistema Nervoso Central e provocam alterações no comportamento. Teve como objetivo analisar os aspectos relacionados à automedicação com psicotrópicos entre profissionais de saúde de um município do Ceará. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo, analítico, transversal. Foi realizada no município de Tauá – Ceará, tendo como população de estudo os profissionais de saúde das Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde e Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, totalizando 119 profissionais. A coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de questionário eletrônico, cujo link para acesso foi disponibilizado aos profissionais através do aplicativo de mensagem WhatsApp, no período de abril a julho de 2023. Tivemos maior prevalência de mulheres dentre os profissionais, com idade média de 27 anos, sendo a maioria das profissões fisioterapeutas e enfermeiros. Em relação ao uso de psicotrópicos, 21,8% (n=12) fazia uso, dentre esses, 58,7% (n=7) por automedicação. A ansiedade foi o sintoma mais prevalente apresentado, e como motivo, relataram o fácil acesso ao medicamento. Conclui-se que o uso dos medicamentos que necessitam de prescrição como exigência legal é pouco presente nos profissionais da atenção primária do município em questão, mas ainda assim acontece esse consumo, e uma parte sendo por conta própria, caracterizando a automedicação. Fica como alerta para investimento em saúde mental na saúde do trabalhador.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ SỚM CỦA PHẪU THUẬT CẮT GAN LỚN THEO GIẢI PHẪU ĐIỀU TRỊ UNG THƯ BIỂU MÔ TẾ BÀO GAN
Authors: Phạm Thế Anh , Trương Mạnh Cường
Published: April 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả sớm của phẫu thuật cắt gan lớn theo giải phẫu điều trị ung thư biểu mô tế bào gan. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả, hồi cứu các trường hợp được phẫu thuật cắt gan lớn theo giải phẫu điều trị ung thư biểu mô tế bào gan tại Khoa Ngoại Gan mật tụy, Bệnh viện K từ tháng 04/2018 đến tháng 10/2023. Kết quả: Phẫu thuật đã được thực hiện cho 207 bệnh nhân (BN). Tuổi trung bình: 55,5 ± 12,6 tuổi; 87,8% BN là nam giới; tỷ lệ mắc viêm gan B: 81,3%. Chỉ số AFP trung bình: 1575,4 ± 4869,6 ng/ml. Huyết khối tĩnh mạch cửa gặp ở 24 BN (11,6%). Kích thước khối u trung bình trên CLVT: 9,4 ± 4 cm. Cắt gan phải là chủ yếu, chiếm 53,7%. Đa số các trường hợp được kiểm soát cuống theo phương pháp Takasaki (92,1%). Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình: 131,6 ± 35,4 phút, không có BN nào truyền máu trong mổ. Thời gian nằm viện trung bình: 10,1 ± 6,5 ngày. Biến chứng gặp ở 41 (20%) BN bao gồm: cổ trướng (18,5%), suy gan (2,5%), tràn dịch màng phổi (1%), nhiễm khuẩn vết mổ (1%). Các biến chứng này được phân độ theo bảng phân loại của Clavien: I (17,1%), II (2,4%), IIIa (0,5%). Không trường hợp nào tử vong trong thời gian nằm viện. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật cắt gan lớn theo giải phẫu điều trị ung thư biểu mô tế bào gan là phương pháp khả thi, an toàn và hiệu quả.
KẾT QUẢ THAI NGHÉN CỦA SONG THAI MỘT BÁNH RAU, HAI BUỒNG ỐI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỤ SẢN TRUNG ƯƠNG
Authors: Nguyễn Thùy Nhung , Vũ Văn Bạ , Vũ Thị Hà , Vương Thị Vui
Published: April 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Song thai là thai nghén có nguy cơ cao, có thể gây nhiều biến chứng cho sức khỏe cho mẹ và thai trong cả quá trình mang thai cũng như sinh đẻ. Song thai một noãn, một bánh rau, hai buồng ối chiếm tỷ lệ khoảng 70% của song thai một noãn và là song thai có nhiều biến chứng nhất trong các loại song thai. Mục tiêu: Mô tả kết quả thai nghén của các thai phụ được chẩn đoán song thai một bánh rau hai buồng ối tại bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung Ương từ năm 2017 đến năm 2019. Kết quả:  Song thai một bánh rau hai buồng ối là thai nghén nguy cơ cao, tỷ lệ đẻ non (< 37 tuần) trong loại song thai này là 75.6%, trong đó tỷ lệ đẻ non <34 tuần chiếm 42,2%. Mổ lấy thai là phương pháp đình chỉ thai nghén chủ yếu (78,9%). Tỷ lệ hội chứng truyền máu 26,7%. Hội chứng truyền máu làm tăng tỷ lệ phải nhập viện điều trị sớm và làm tăng nguy cơ đẻ non dưới 34 tuần cao gấp 3,1 lần song thai không có hội chứng truyền máu.Tuổi thai trung bình lúc ĐCTN của nhóm có theo dõi HCTM là 31,1 ± 5,2 (tuần), 64,4% sau đẻ 2 thai phát triển bình thường, 20% song thai có 1 thai sống, 1 thai chết và 15,6% cả 2 thai đều chết. Kết luận: Song thai hội chứng truyền máu là thai nghén nguy cơ cao và biến chứng hội chứng truyền máu làm tăng tỷ lệ đẻ non dưới 34 tuần so với song thai không có hội chứng truyền máu. Xu hướng mổ lấy thai sớm hơn do những tiến bộ về nuôi dưỡng sơ sinh và tiến bộ trong theo dõi phát hiện sớm các biến chứng của hội chứng truyền máu.
ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ CHƯƠNG TRÌNH PHỤC HỒI CHỨC NĂNG TIM NGẮN HẠN SAU CAN THIỆP MẠCH VÀNH QUA DA ĐIỀU TRỊ NHỒI MÁU CƠ TIM CẤP
Authors: Hoàng Thị Diệu Nguyên , Trần Thị Huỳnh Nga , Lưu Minh Tú , Nguyễn Trung Hiếu , Phạm Đình Ngân Thanh , Tô Trường Duy , Dương Thị Trang , Nguyễn Ngọc Phương Thư
Published: April 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Can thiệp mạch vành qua da đã giúp cải thiện được tỉ lệ tử vong trong vòng 30 ngày sau nhồi máu cơ tim cấp. Tuy nhiên gánh nặng bệnh tật sau đó như tỉ lệ tái nhồi máu, tỉ lệ tái thông cũng như tỉ lệ tử vong chung vẫn còn cao, lên đến 20% trong năm đầu và 12,2% trong 3 năm sau nhồi máu cơ tim. Phục hồi chức năng tim đã được chứng minh một biện pháp điều trị có thể giúp giảm tỷ lệ tử vong, giảm triệu chứng và cải thiện chức năng vận động ở bệnh nhân sau nhồi máu cơ tim. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Đánh giá tính hiệu quả của chương trình phục hồi chức năng tim ngắn hạn cho bệnh nhân sau can thiệp mạch vành qua da điều trị nhồi máu cơ tim cấp. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: mô tả loạt ca trên 5 bệnh nhân nhồi máu cơ tim cấp đã can thiệp mạch vành qua da ổn định đến khám và tập phục hồi chức năng tim tại Khoa Phục hồi chức năng – Viện Tim Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, từ tháng 6/2023 đến tháng 09/2023. Kết quả: Phục hồi chức năng tim giúp cải thiện VO2 tối đa 3,6 ml/kg.phút, KTC 95% [-0,9; 8,1] và tăng khoảng cách đi bộ 6 phút 117m, KTC 95% [92; 142]. Chương trình phục hồi chức năng tim chưa ghi nhận biến cố nào xảy ra trong quá trình thực hiện. Kết luận: Chương trình phục hồi chức năng tim ngắn hạn an toàn và có hiệu quả trên kết quả lượng giá chức năng tim mạch cho bệnh nhân sau can thiệp mạch vành qua da điều trị nhồi máu cơ tim cấp.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM KIỂM SOÁT ĐƯỜNG HUYẾT VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TYPE 2 CAO TUỔI CÓ SUY THẬN MẠN
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Lựu , Phan Hoàng Hiệp
Published: April 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm kiểm soát đường huyết và một số yếu tố liên quan ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường type 2 cao tuổi có suy thận mạn. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang phân tích 174 bệnh nhân ĐTĐ type 2 cao tuổi có suy thận mạn. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của BN nghiên cứu: 71,7 ± 7,5 (tuổi), tuổi cao nhất là 95, 56,9% ≥ 70 tuổi. Thởi gian mắc bệnh ĐTĐ trung bình là 16,7± 7,3 (năm), 82,8% BN trong nghiên cứu có thời gian mắc bệnh ĐTĐ ≥ 10 năm, 67,8% BN CKD giai đoạn 3, 52,3% glucose máu đói > 7,0 mmol/l, 58,5% có HbA1c > 7,5% và 72,4% có tiền sử hạ đường huyết. Có liên quan giữa kiểm soát đường huyết chặt chẽ với hạ đường huyết với p <0,05. Không có mối liên quan giữa HbA1c với thời gian mắc bệnh đái tháo đường, tuổi và tiền sử hạ đường huyết.  Kết luận: Bệnh nhân cao tuổi mắc đái tháo đường và suy thận mạn là nhóm dân số phức tạp cần được quản lý và theo dõi cẩn thận. Kiểm soát đường huyết càng chặt chẽ làm tăng nguy cơ hạ đường huyết và tăng tỉ lệ tử vong.
RÃNH GÓT RĂNG CỬA: MỘT BẤT THƯỜNG GIẢI PHẪU THƯỜNG ÍT ĐƯỢC CHÚ Ý ĐẾN
Authors: Hà Thu Hương , Nguyễn Thị Hồng Minh , Phạm Thanh Hà , Vũ Ngọc Bảo
Published: April 2024

Rãnh gót răng cửa là một bất thường về mặt hình thái hay gặp ở răng cửa hàm trên, thường sẽ liên quan đến một tổn thương nha chu riêng biệt hoặc các tổn thương kết hợp nội nha – nha chu. Mức độ trầm trọng của tổn thương thường phụ thuộc vào nhiều yếu tố, như vị trí, kích thước (độ sâu, độ dài), và hình thái của rãnh gót răng. Y văn thế giới chưa có nhiều báo cáo đề cập đến rãnh gót răng cửa cũng như hướng xử trí phù hợp đối với các tình trạng bệnh lý liên quan. Nhưng ở Việt Nam, chưa có tác giả hay báo cáo nào đề cập về vấn đề này. Bài báo cáo này của chúng tôi sẽ tóm lược lại các kiến thức của y văn thế giới để đưa ra định nghĩa, bản chất và phân loại của rãnh gót răng cửa cũng như các hướng xử trí đối với các trường hợp bệnh lý liên quan.