bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA sequencing of CD4 T-cells reveals the relationships between lncRNA-mRNA co-expression in elite controller vs. HIV-positive infected patients
Authors: Chen Chaoyu , Lu Xiangyun , Wu Nanping
Published: April 2020

Background

Elite controller refers to a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection with an undetected viral load in the absence of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Studies on gene expression and regulation in these individuals are limited but significant, and have helped researchers and clinicians to understand the interrelationships between HIV and its host.

Methods

We collected CD4 T-cell samples from two elite controllers (ECs), two HIV-positive infected patients (HPs), and two healthy controls (HCs) to perform second-generation transcriptome sequencing. Using the Cufflinks software, we calculated the Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million fragments mapped (FPKM) and identified differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with corrected P value < 0.05 (based on a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). We then constructed a protein-protein interaction network using cytoHubba and a long non-coding RNA-mRNA co-expression network based on the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results

In total, 1109 linear correlations of DE lncRNAs targeting DE mRNAs were found and several interesting interactions were identified as being associated with viral infections and immune responses within the networks based on these correlations. Among these lncRNA-mRNA relationships, hub mRNAs including HDAC6, MAPK8, MAPK9, ATM and their corresponding annotated co-expressed lncRNAs presented strong correlations with the MAPK-NF-kappa B pathway, which plays a role in the reactivation and replication of the virus.

Conclusions

Using RNA-sequencing, we systematically analyzed the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs from CD4+ T cells from ECs, HPs, and HCs, and constructed a co-expression network based on the relationships among DE transcripts and database annotations. This was the first study to examine gene transcription in elite controllers and to study their functional relationships. Our results provide a reference for subsequent functional verification at the molecular or cellular level.
Genetic variability and structure of an important wild steppe grass Psathyrostachys juncea (Triticeae: Poaceae) germplasm collection from north and central Asia
Authors: Xiong Yi , Xiong Yanli , Yu Qingqing , Zhao Junming , Lei Xiong , Dong Zhixiao , Yang Jian , Song Sijia , Peng Yan , Liu Wenhui , Bai Shiqie , Ma Xiao
Published: April 2020

Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys junceus (Fisch.) Nevski, is an important wild steppe perennial grass, which is characterized by longevity and short robust rhizomes. It also has highly resistance in grazing and abiotic stress. In this study, the genetic diversity of eleven P. juncea wild germplasms from north and central Asia was investigated using AFLP markers. The P. juncea populations were divided into three clades in both UPGMA dendrogram and PCoA clustering corresponding to the three genetic memberships in STRUCTURE analysis. The genetic specificity of Xinjiang (XJ) populations was revealed by the highest Ne (1.5411) and Hj (0.3553) and their dispersion shown in UPGMA. High inbreeding coefficient (Wright’s F statistics, f = 0.496, Fst = 0.128) was observed although a moderate degree of gene flow (Nm = 1.4736) existed, that may ascribe to habitat fragmentation or the low seedling recruitment, which ultimately resulted in decrease of population size and their genetic diversity. The key factors inducing moderate genetic differentiation detected in this study were isolation by distance (IBD), climatic variabilities and geographical barriers. All these results provide insights into the study of genetic status and germplasm collecting of Russian wildrye.
CONTROLE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NA CULTURA DA SOJA COM APLICAÇÃO DE GLIFOSATO POR CONTATO COM ROLO DE POLYESTER
Authors: Pereira Cassiano Spaziani , Kerber Júnior Cesar , Fiorini Ivan Vilela Andrade
Published: April 2020

Nos últimos anos surgiu uma nova forma de controle de plantas daninhas, a tecnologia de controle por contato. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar diferentes modos de aplicação e doses do herbicida glifosato na soja. O experimento foi realizado em área comercial de soja em Sinop MT. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e oito tratamentos. Os 8 tratamentos foram: capina manual com enxada; Aplicação com pulverizador costal nas doses 0,7 e 1,4 kg ha-1 de glifosato; Mato, (sem controle de plantas daninhas); Aplicação com rolo de poliéster nas doses 0,7 e 1,4 kg ha-1 de glifosato em contato com o solo; Aplicação com rolo de poliéster nas doses 0,7 e 1,4 kg ha-1 de glifosato a 2 cm de altura do solo. Avaliou-se o controle e a densidade populacional das plantas daninhas, o crescimento vegetativo e a produtividade da soja. A aplicação via rolo, tanto em contato com o solo, quanto atingido apenas as plantas daninhas mostra-se tão eficiente quanto da pulverização no controle de plantas daninhas. As espécies Eleusine indica e Spermacoce latifolia mantiveram ou até aumentaram a densidade na área de cultivo. Independente da forma de aplicação, o uso de glifosato não prejudicou o crescimento vegetativo e produtividade da cultivar de soja NS 7901 RR. Apesar de não serem detectadas diferenças estatísticas, a produtividade em geral aumentou quando se aplicou o glifosato, inexistindo diferenças quanto a forma de aplicação, por contato ou pulverização.
CONTROLE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS E SELETIVIDADE DE SULFENTRAZONE + DIURON EM CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR (CULTIVAR RB 966928)
Authors: Sousa Bruno Teixeira de , Domingues Allan Ricardo , Balotta Graciano Augusto Peviani , Andrade Dionisio Fabio Matsumoto , Dalazen Giliardi
Published: April 2020

A seletividade e eficiência são características fundamentais para a recomendação de herbicidas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o controle de plantas daninhas e a seletividade em cana-de-açúcar da mistura comercial sulfentrazone + diuron (Stone, 700 g i.a. ha-1 de sulfentrazone + 1400 g i.a. ha-1 de diuron, SC, FMC) em cinco doses: D1: zero g i.a. ha-1; D2: 350 g i.a. ha-1 + 700 g i.a. ha-1; D3: 700 g i.a. ha-1 + 1400 g i.a. ha-1; D4: 1050 g i.a. ha-1 + 2100 g i.a. ha-1; D5: 1400 g i.a. ha-1 + 2800 g i.a. ha-1; e em duas modalidades de aplicação: pré e pósemergência inicial. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, um para cada modalidade de aplicação, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com quatro repetições. Foi avaliado o controle de plantas daninhas e a eficiência fotoquímica máxima do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm), a estatura, massa fresca e massa seca da parte aérea e o volume e massa seca de raízes da cana-de-açúcar. A aplicação em pósemergência da mistura comercial sulfentrazone + diuron afetou o Fv/Fm em todas as doses avaliadas. Porém, as menores doses do herbicida (D2 e D3) não influenciaram negativamente nas variáveis fitométricas. Mesmo na menor dose (D2), o controle das plantas daninhas foi total durante o período de avaliações. As doses de sulfentrazone + diuron, entre 350 g i.a. ha-1 + 700 g i.a. ha-1 e 700 g i.a. ha-1 + 1400 g i.a. ha-1, em pré e pós-emergência inicial, são eficientes no controle de plantas daninhas e seletivas para a cana-de-açúcar cultivar RB 966928.
Utilization of Wastewater Management for Sustainable City Environment in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Mba Emeodilichi H. , Mba Chika B. , Alkali Mohammed
Published: April 2020

Wastewater contribute to many damages to the ecosystem and biodiversity, it encompasses domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural components and also faecal sludge, to prevent this sensitive damage, wastewater need to be well treated before being discharged to the environment or water bodies, otherwise it contributes to some disease outbreak like malaria and typhoid. Extreme poverty with inequality of income, housing system and poor urban planning combined with rapid increase in population mostly found in low/lower class settlement are among those factors contributing to these challenges and this study determines the health and environment impact of untreated wastewater. The comparative study was carried out in two study areas; highbrow areas that makes use of central wastewater treatment plant known as “WUPA” and low/lower income areas that practice open surface wastewater discharge, to determine how frequent both residents treats malaria/typhoid and soil pH value of the study areas also analyzed.

In-house survey questionnaire for 300 respondents of children below 12 years was employed which show that average 65% of residents in highbrow areas treated both malaria/typhoid once in 6 months, while 64% in the low/lower class areas treated 4 times in 6 months and with an average pH value of 8.18 for highbrow areas and 7.51 for low/lower class areas. This study recommends that government should connect all areas to the treatment plant, implement proper urban planning, awareness and with enforcement.
Toxicological Study of Leaf Extracts of Loranthus micranthus Linn Using Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Nnenna Ani Onuabuchi , Okwudili Ani , Nwachukwu Okwuosa Chukwugozie
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of high sub-chronic doses of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of Loranthus micranthus on biochemical parameters of albino rats. Acute toxicity studies were performed according to standard methods. The animals were divided into 5 groups (n = 5). Aqueous and methanol extracts of L. micranthus leaves were administered in doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight to four groups of rats respectively for 30 days through the intraperitoneal route. The fifth group served as control and received saline (5 ml/kg b.w, i.p). Blood samples were collected by retrorbital puncture and analyzed for biochemical and haematological parameters using assay kits. Acute toxicity studies indicated that both extracts had an LD50 >           5000 mg/kg. The results indicated significant (p<0.001) increases in alkaline phosphatase serum levels in both extract treated groups. The extracts also produced significant elevation in serum bilirubin levels when compared with normal control (p<0.05). Both extracts did not affect the levels of alanine and aspartate transaminases significantly (p>0.05). There were significant increase in the serum levels of urea in the extracts treated rats (p<0.05; p<0.01). The 2000 mg/kg aqueous extract produced significant increases in mean serum chloride and bicarbonate levels of treated rats when compared with control (p<0.01). The extracts produced significant decrease in the serum creatine kinase levels of treated rats in a non-dose related manner when compared with control (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in sodium and potassium levels of treated rats. The methanol extract had no significant effect on the haematological indices studied. The aqueous extract produced significant reductions in the haemoglobin and PCV of treated rats (p< 0.01). The total and differential leucocyte counts were not affected by extract treatment (p>0.05). From these results, the extracts caused significant biochemical changes but were not cytotoxic to leucocyte cell lines. Therefore, there should be caution in the long term use of these extracts.
Early Growth Response of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Seedlings to Ranging Levels of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on an Alfisol
Authors: Abiodun F. O. , Afolabi J. O. , Isienyi N. C. , Isola J. O. , Olayiwola V. A. , Ihediuche C. I.
Published: April 2020

Aim: To investigate the early growth response of Morinda citrifolia to varying levels of Aleshinloye compost and N:P:K 15:15:15 in a degraded Alfisol in a tropical Nigerian environmental condition.

Study Design: The study was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with twelve (12) treatments replicated six (6) times with a total of seventy two (72) experimental units.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the greenhouse of Soil and tree Nutrition department of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan (FRIN) and it lasted for a period of 6 month.

Methodology: Degraded top soil used for the experiment was collected within FRIN arboretum. The soil was air dried and passed through a 2 mm diameter sieve before being filled into polythene pots of 15 cm x 20 cm dimension having a 3 kg soil capacity. The organic fertilizer was applied at 4 weeks before transplanting while the inorganic fertilizer was applied at 2 weeks after transplanting and pre-germinated seedlings of Noni were transplanted at four leaves stage. The data collected include Stem Girth (mm), plant height (cm) and Number of leaves starting from 30 Days After Transplanting (DAT).

Results: The result revealed that the soil sample used for this study had pH value of 6.06 and the total N value of 0.11%. Noni plant with treatment T11 (N:P:K 15:15:15 at 80 Kg Nha-1 + Aleshiloye compost (AC) at 80 Kg Nha-1) had the highest plant height  values of 48.17, 65.67 and 77.87 cm respectively which are significantly higher (P = .05) than  T1 (control) with 37.17, 47.50 and 55.33 cm respectively that are the least values observed from 120 DAT to 180 DAT. The Plant Dry Matter (PDM) for leaves, stem and root (3.593, 2.720 and 4.220 g/plant) respectively from the control (T1) plant was the least when compared to every other treatment in the study.

Conclusion: The use of composted manure in combination with N:P:K 15:15:15 ensured early and continuous supply of nutrient with resultant higher growth performance of Noni over a period of six months as shown in the study.
The Legislation of Agrochemicals in Citrícola Production in the Municipality of Capitão Poço, Pará
Authors: Rocha Maria Eunice Lima , Abade Mayra Taniely Ribeiro , Souza Fernanda Ludmyla Barbosa de , Ribeiro Luane Laíse Oliveira , Cunha Letícia do Socorro , Siqueira Robson Christie Lacerda , Siqueira Jackeline Araújo Mota
Published: April 2020

Brazil is one of the largest producers of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) in the world. The State of Pará is responsible for 1.02% of the production of Orange in Brazil. Of this amount, the municipality of Capitão Poço is responsible for 57% of the total produced by the State. In view of this, it is evident that the model of current economic development imposes transformations in the way of life that entail serious problems of health to the worker, for example, the exposure of the workers to the pesticides in the field. With this, it is noticed that it is important to deal with the legislation of Agrochemicals because this is still little known by most citricultures in the municipality of Capitão Poço, leading them to non-compliance with the law. From this, the objective of the research was to observe the potentials and limitations regarding the distribution chain, acquisition and use of agrochemicals and knowledge of the laws in the citriculture Paraense. For the development of the work, questionnaires were applied (based on the Agrochemicals Law - Law No. 7,802 of July 11, 1989, and the Law of Packaging - Law No. 9.974 of June 6, 2000) in the community of Nova Colônia. It is concluded that the laws, besides not being known and consequently not fulfilled, make it difficult to supervise the specialized professionals, who, in turn, are few for the region. Another obstacle to compliance with legislation is to make the producer update certain concepts and teachings, which are no longer accepted.
The A4 study: β‐amyloid and cognition in 4432 cognitively unimpaired adults
Authors: Insel Philip S. , Donohue Michael C. , Sperling Reisa , Hansson Oskar , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas
Published: April 2020

Objective

To clarify the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease by estimating when β‐amyloid accumulation first becomes associated with changes in cognition.

Methods

Here we studied a large group (N = 4432) of cognitively unimpaired individuals who were screened for inclusion in the A4 trial (age 65–85) to assess the effect of subthreshold levels of β‐amyloid on cognition and to identify which cognitive domains first become affected.

Results

β‐amyloid accumulation was linked to significant cognitive dysfunction in cognitively unimpaired participants with subthreshold levels of β‐amyloid in multiple measures of memory (Logical Memory Delayed Recall, P = 0.03; Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, P < 0.001), the Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite (P = 0.01), and was marginally associated with decreased executive function (Digit Symbol Substitution, P = 0.07). Significantly, decreased cognitive scores were associated with suprathreshold levels of β‐amyloid, across all measures (P < 0.05). The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, a list recall memory test, appeared most sensitive to β‐amyloid ‐related decreases in average cognitive scores, outperforming all other cognitive domains, including the narrative recall memory test, Logical Memory.

Interpretation

Clinical trials for cognitively unimpaired β‐amyloid‐positive individuals will include a large number of individuals where mechanisms downstream from β‐amyloid pathology are already activated. These findings have implications for primary and secondary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.
Increasing Operational Capacity and Reducing Costs of Rituximab Administration: A Costing Analysis
Authors: Wallace Zachary S. , Harkness Tyler , Blumenthal Kimberly G. , Choi Hyon K. , Stone John H. , Walensky Rochelle P.
Published: April 2020

Objective

Originator intravenous rituximab is an important rheumatology treatment but is costly, and administration requires several hours. Because biosimilar rituximab may cost less and subcutaneous rituximab requires a shorter visit, both may reduce costs and increase treatment capacity (infusions per year).

Methods

We implemented time‐driven activity‐based costing (TDABC), a method to assess costs and opportunities to increase capacity, throughout the care pathway for 26 patients receiving a total of 30 rituximab infusions. Using the TDABC estimates, we created a base case, which included provider time, salaries, infusion rates and times, and drug formulation, to simulate an induction cycle (two infusions). We varied these parameters in sensitivity analyses and assessed the impact of infusion rates and formulation (biosimilar vs. subcutaneous) on capacity before and after assuming a fixed budget.

Results

The base‐case cost was $19 452; more than 90% was due to drug cost. In sensitivity analyses, varying projected biosimilar cost led to the greatest cost savings ($8,988 per cycle). Faster infusion rates and subcutaneous rituximab increased annual capacity (300% and 800%, respectively). With a fixed budget, subcutaneous rituximab led to a relative increase in capacity over biosimilar rituximab except when biosimilar cost savings relative to originator rituximab exceeded 40%; faster biosimilar infusion rates did not meaningfully affect these findings.

Conclusion

Using TDABC, we demonstrate that rituximab cost is the primary driver of treatment cost, but capacity is largely driven by treatment time. Subcutaneous rituximab leads to higher capacity than biosimilar rituximab across a range of plausible costs; its use in rheumatology should be studied.
Synthesis of Substituted 4‐Arylamino‐1,2‐naphthoquinones in One‐Pot Reactions Using CotA‐Laccase as Biocatalyst
Authors: Sousa Ana Catarina , Santos Iolanda , Piedade M. F. M. M. , Martins Lígia O. , Robalo M. Paula
Published: April 2020

An efficient and environmentally benign biocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of substituted 4‐arylamino‐1,2‐naphthoquinones was developed, through a cross‐coupling reaction in which the 1,2‐naphthoquinone nucleus, formed in the biocatalytic process mediated by CotA‐laccase from Bacillus subtilis, is the key synthetic intermediate. Electrochemical data and kinetic parameters were determined revealing a significant higher specificity of CotA‐laccase for 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1‐sulfonic acid (AHNSA). This ability of CotA‐laccase to discriminate between oxidisable aromatic amines allows the set‐up of one‐pot reactions in the presence of the enzyme, between AHNSA and a set of appropriate aromatic amines under mild reaction conditions.

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Helical Microstructures of the Mineralized Coralline Red Algae Determine Their Mechanical Properties
Authors: Bianco‐Stein Nuphar , Polishchuk Iryna , Seiden Gabriel , Villanova Julie , Rack Alexander , Zaslansky Paul , Pokroy Boaz
Published: April 2020

Through controlled biomineralization, organisms yield complicated structures with specific functions. Here, Jania sp., an articulated coralline red alga that secretes high‐Mg calcite as part of its skeleton, is in focus. It is shown that Jania sp. exhibits a remarkable structure, which is highly porous (with porosity as high as 64 vol%) and reveals several hierarchical orders from the nano to the macroscale. It is shown that the structure is helical, and proven that its helical configuration provides the alga with superior compliance that allows it to adapt to stresses in its natural environment. Thus, the combination of high porosity and a helical configuration result in a sophisticated, light‐weight, compliant structure. It is anticipated that the findings on the advantages of such a structure are likely to be of value in the design or improvement of lightweight structures with superior mechanical properties.
Self‐Assembled Dipeptide Aerogels with Tunable Wettability
Authors: Li Xianbao , Li Qi , Fei Jinbo , Jia Yi , Xue Huimin , Zhao Jie , Li Junbai
Published: April 2020

Constructing supramolecular materials with tunable properties and functions is a great challenge due to the complex competition between multiple assembly pathways. Herein, we report that dipeptides can self‐assemble into aerogels with entirely different surface wettability through precisely controlling the assembly pathways. Charged groups or aromatic residues are selectively exposed on the surface of their nanoscale building blocks which results either in a superhydrophilic or highly hydrophobic surface. With this special property, single component dipeptide aerogels can play diverse roles in medical care applications. This study suggests great promise in the synthesis of supramolecular materials with different targeted functions from the same molecular unit.
Numerical simulation of bubble formation behavior in oxygen coal combustion melting and separating furnace
Authors: Kong Zheng , Zhao Kai , Zhang Qiao‐rong , Shi Yan , Zhen Chang‐liang , Shi Xue‐feng , Zhang Xiao‐hua
Published: April 2020

In order to improve the mass transfer efficiency of the high‐temperature molten pool area in the oxygen coal combustion melting and separating furnace, water model experiment and VOF model were used to study the mechanism of bubble formation in the area, investigate the changing rules of oxygen lance parameters on the shape and frequency of bubbles. The results show that the basic law of bubble generation is the transition from lateral injection to longitudinal growth, and the bubble generation frequency is 7.5 Hz under standard conditions. Increasing the oxygen lance mass flow will reduce the generation frequency, but the local bubble distribution is more compact. Increasing the oxygen lance inclination angle increase the generation frequency, but it will cause local gas phase accumulation, if too close to the bottom of the furnace. Small oxygen lances diameter is beneficial to increase the generation frequency and enhance mass transfer efficiency. Increasing the oxygen lance immersion depth is conducive to increasing the generation frequency, the gas‐liquid interface and improving molten and separation efficiency. On the other hand, it will weaken the effect of “adherence to the wall” and reduce the erosion of furnace lining by inhibiting the flow of bubbles and slag.
Risk of intracranial bleeding in patients with primary brain cancer receiving therapeutic anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Porfidia Angelo , Giordano Marzia , Sturiale Carmelo L. , D’Arrigo Sonia , Donadini Marco P. , Olivi Alessandro , Ageno Walter , Pola Roberto
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in glioma patients. Also, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is frequently observed in subjects with primary brain tumors. Thus, the management of anticoagulant therapy for VTE is challenging and controversial in these patients. We performed a meta‐analysis to clarify the risk of ICH in glioma patients treated with anticoagulant therapy for VTE compared to glioma patients without VTE.

Materials and Methods

A systematic search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases between January 1980 and January 2019 without language restrictions. Summary statistics for ICH were obtained by calculating the odds ratio (OR) using a random effects model, and heterogeneity across studies was estimated by the I2 statistic. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies.

Results

A total of 368 studies were initially identified. Of these, 346 were excluded after title review. The remaining 22 studies were reviewed in detail. According to the PICO criteria, 15 studies were excluded. Finally, 7 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The OR for ICH in glioma patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation for VTE versus those who did not receive anticoagulation was 3.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84–7.29; I2 = 31%).

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis demonstrates that anticoagulation for VTE increases the risk of ICH in subjects with malignant brain tumors. Future studies are warranted to fully understand the best medical treatment of VTE in glioma patients.
Investigation of a three‐dimensional printed dynamic cervical spine model for anatomy and physiology education
Authors: Clifton William , Damon Aaron , Soares Christy , Nottmeier Eric , Pichelmann Mark
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing of anatomical structures is a growing method of education for students and medical trainees. These models are generally produced as static representations of gross surface anatomy. In order to create a model that provides educators with a tool for demonstration of kinematic and physiologic concepts in addition to surface anatomy, a high‐resolution segmentation and 3D‐printingtechnique was investigated for the creation of a dynamic educational model.

Methods

An anonymized computed tomography scan of the cervical spine with a diagnosis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament was acquired. Using a high‐resolution thresholding technique, the individual facet and intervertebral spaces were separated, and models of the C3–7 vertebrae were 3D‐printed. The models were placed on a myelography simulator and subjected to flexion and extension under fluoroscopy, and measurements of the spinal canal diameter were recorded and compared to in‐vivo measurements. The flexible 3D‐printed model was then compared to a static 3D‐printed model to determine the educational benefit of demonstrating physiologic concepts.

Results

The canal diameter changes on the flexible 3D‐printed model accurately reflected in‐vivo measurements during dynamic positioning. The flexible model also was also more successful in teaching the physiologic concepts of spinal canal changes during flexion and extension than the static 3D‐printed model to a cohort of learners.

Conclusions

Dynamic 3D‐printed models can provide educators with a cost‐effective and novel educational tool for not just instruction of surface anatomy, but also physiologic concepts through 3D ex‐vivo modeling of case‐specific physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Intravascular treatment for ruptured facial artery aneurysm via percutaneous cardiopulmonary support device: A case report
Authors: Oi Marina , Maruhashi Takaaki , Yamamoto Daisuke , Kurihara Yutaro , Koizumi Hiroyuki , Asari Yasushi
Published: April 2020

Even in cases of cardiac arrest caused by hemorrhagic shock, when reliable control of the bleeding source is possible, ECPR may be an effective treatment option if anticoagulant therapy is well‐managed and is withdrawn early.
Extrameningeal solitary fibrous tumors—surgery alone or surgery plus perioperative radiotherapy: A retrospective study from the global solitary fibrous tumor initiative in collaboration with the Sarcoma Patients EuroNet
Authors: Haas Rick L. , Walraven Iris , Lecointe‐Artzner Estelle , van Houdt Winan J. , Strauss Dirk , Schrage Yvonne , Hayes Andrew J. , Raut Chandrajit P. , Fairweather Mark , Baldini Elizabeth H. , Gronchi Alessandro , De Rosa Laura , Griffin Anthony M. , Ferguson Peter C. , Wunder Jay , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , Krol Augustinus D. G. , Skoczylas Jacus , Sangalli Claudia , Stacchiotti Silvia
Published: April 2020

Background

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal malignancy. Although surgery is potentially curative, the local relapse risk is high after marginal resections. Given the lack of prospective clinical trial data, the objective of the current study was to better define the role of perioperative radiotherapy (RT) in various SFT presentations by location.

Methods

This was retrospective study performed across 7 sarcoma centers. Clinical information was retrieved from all adult patients with extrameningeal, primary, localized SFT who were treated between 1990 and 2018 with surgery alone (S) compared with those who also received perioperative RT (S+RT). Differences in treatment characteristics between subgroups were tested using analysis of variance statistics and propensity score matching. Local control and overall survival rates were calculated from the start of treatment until progression or death from any cause.

Results

Of all 549 patients, 428 (78%) underwent S, and 121 (22%) underwent S+RT. The median follow‐up was 52 months. After correction for mitotic count and surgical margins, S+RT was significantly associated with a lower risk of local progression (hazard ratio, 0.19: P = .029), an observation further confirmed by propensity score matching (P = .012); however, this association did not translate into an overall survival benefit.

Conclusions

The results from this retrospective study investigating perioperative RT in patients with primary extrameningeal SFT suggest that combining RT with surgery in the management of this patient population is significantly associated with a reduced risk of local failures, especially in patients who have less favorable resection margins and in those who have tumors with a high mitotic count.
Systematic review of techniques to monitor remission of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy in people with diabetes
Authors: Gooday Catherine , Gray Katie , Game Frances , Woodburn Jim , Poland Fiona , Hardeman Wendy
Published: April 2020

Aim

The management of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy relies on off‐loading which is costly and time‐consuming. Published studies have used monitoring techniques with unknown diagnostic precision to detect remission. We performed a systematic review of techniques for monitoring response to offloading in acute Charcot neuroarthropathy.

Materials and Methods

We included studies of off‐loading which evaluated or described monitoring techniques in acute Charcot neuroarthropathy. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases were searched (January1993‐July 2018). We extracted data from papers including study design, setting, population, monitoring techniques and treatment outcomes. We also extracted information on the cost, clinical applicability, sensitivity and specificity, safety and participant acceptability of the monitoring techniques.

Results

We screened 1205 titles, 140 abstracts and 45 full‐texts, and included 29 studies. All studies were of low quality and at high risk of bias. In seven studies, the primary aim was to evaluate monitoring techniques: three evaluated magnetic resonance imaging, two thermography monitoring, one three‐phase bone scanning and one Doppler spectrum analysis. The remaining 22 observational studies reported treatment outcomes and described the monitoring techniques used to assess the Charcot neuroarthropathy. Heterogeneity prevented the pooling of data. Very few studies included data on cost, clinical applicability, sensitivity and specificity, safety and patient acceptability of the monitoring techniques used.

Conclusion

Multiple techniques have been used to evaluate remission in acute Charcot neuroathropathy but uncertainty remains about their effectiveness. We recommend further research into the influences of different monitoring techniques on treatment outcomes.
Chemical‐induced craniofacial anomalies caused by disruption of neural crest cell development in a zebrafish model
Authors: Liu Shujie , Narumi Rika , Ikeda Naohiro , Morita Osamu , Tasaki Junichi
Published: April 2020

Background

Craniofacial anomalies are among the most frequent birth defects worldwide, and are thought to be caused by gene‐environment interactions. Genetically manipulated zebrafish simulate human diseases and provide great advantages for investigating the etiology and pathology of craniofacial anomalies. Although substantial advances have been made in understanding genetic factors causing craniofacial disorders, limited information about the etiology by which environmental factors, such as teratogens, induce craniofacial anomalies is available in zebrafish.

Results

Zebrafish embryos displayed craniofacial malformations after teratogen treatments. Further observations revealed characteristic disruption of chondrocyte number, shape and stacking. These findings suggested aberrant development of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, which was confirmed by gene expression analysis of the CNC. Notably, these observations suggested conserved etiological pathways between zebrafish and mammals including human. Furthermore, several of these chemicals caused malformations of the eyes, otic vesicle, and/or heart, representing a phenocopy of neurocristopathy, and these chemicals altered the expression levels of the responsible genes.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that chemical‐induced craniofacial malformation is caused by aberrant development of neural crest. This study indicates that zebrafish provide a platform for investigating contributions of environmental factors as causative agents of craniofacial anomalies and neurocristopathy.
Spliceosomopathies and neurocristopathies: Two sides of the same coin?
Authors: Beauchamp Marie‐Claude , Alam Sabrina Shameen , Kumar Shruti , Jerome‐Majewska Loydie Anne
Published: April 2020

Mutations in core components of the spliceosome are responsible for a group of syndromes collectively known as spliceosomopathies. Patients exhibit microcephaly, micrognathia, malar hypoplasia, external ear anomalies, eye anomalies, psychomotor delay, intellectual disability, limb, and heart defects. Craniofacial malformations in these patients are predominantly found in neural crest cells‐derived structures of the face and head. Mutations in eight genes SNRPB, RNU4ATAC, SF3B4, PUF60, EFTUD2, TXNL4, EIF4A3, and CWC27 are associated with craniofacial spliceosomopathies. In this review, we provide a brief description of the normal development of the head and the face and an overview of mutations identified in genes associated with craniofacial spliceosomopathies. We also describe a model to explain how and when these mutations are most likely to impact neural crest cells. We speculate that mutations in a subset of core splicing factors lead to disrupted splicing in neural crest cells because these cells have increased sensitivity to inefficient splicing. Hence, disruption in splicing likely activates a cellular stress response that includes increased skipping of regulatory exons in genes such as MDM2 and MDM4, key regulators of P53. This would result in P53‐associated death of neural crest cells and consequently craniofacial malformations associated with spliceosomopathies.
Eating disorder psychopathology in adults and adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A network approach
Authors: Calugi Simona , Sartirana Massimiliano , Misconel Arianna , Boglioli Camilla , Dalle Grave Riccardo
Published: April 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess and compare eating disorder feature networks in adult and adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa.

Methods

Patients seeking treatment for anorexia nervosa in inpatient and outpatient settings were consecutively recruited from January 2008 to September 2019. Body mass index was measured, and each patient completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire.

Results

The sample comprised 547 adolescent and 724 adult patients with anorexia nervosa. Network analysis showed that in both adults and adolescents, the most central and highly interconnected nodes in the network were related to shape overvaluation and desiring weight loss. The network comparison test identified similar global strength and network invariance, confirming the similarity of the two network structures.

Discussion

The network structures in adult and adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa are similar, and lend weight to the cognitive behavioral theory that overvaluation of shape and weight is the core feature of anorexia nervosa psychopathology.
Effect of permeability anisotropy on depressurization‐induced gas production from hydrate reservoirs in the South China Sea
Authors: Mao Peixiao , Sun Jiaxin , Ning Fulong , Hu Gaowei , Wan Yizhao , Cao Xinxin , Wu Nengyou
Published: April 2020

The permeability anisotropy (ie, horizontal, kr, to vertical, kz, permeability ratio) of gas hydrate reservoirs may be a significant factor that affects hydrate dissociation and gas production. Here, site SH2, a candidate for field testing comprising a clayey silt gas hydrate reservoir in the Shenhu area in the South China Sea, was chosen to investigate the effect of permeability anisotropy on gas production behavior through numerical simulations. The spatial distribution of physical fields (ie, pressure, temperature, and saturation) and the evolution of gas and water recovery are comparatively analyzed. The simulation results show that permeability anisotropy has a significant impact on gas extraction, especially when the horizontal permeability is higher than the vertical one. The sensitivity analyses indicate that permeability anisotropy in both medium‐permeability (10‐100 mD) and low‐permeability (1‐10 mD) sediments are conducive to hydrate dissociation and that a higher horizontal permeability is more favorable for gas production. Comparatively, permeability anisotropy in low‐permeability sediments is not beneficial for improving production efficiency. In addition, our work also suggests that heterogeneous hydrate saturation in a reservoir‐scale model should be employed in future predictions because the gas production potential will be overestimated in a homogeneous reservoir under the same conditions. These findings contribute to a clear understanding of the influence of reservoir properties on gas hydrate dissociation processes and provide a reference for future field trials and commercial production.
Formation mechanisms and distribution of weathered volcanic reservoirs: A case study of the carboniferous volcanic rocks in Northwest Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Fan Cunhui , Li Hu , Qin Qirong , Shang Ling , Yuan Yunfeng , Li Zhi
Published: April 2020

In view of the complex reservoir heterogeneities within weathered volcanic rocks, taking the Carboniferous volcanic weathered profile reservoir of the northwest Junggar Basin as an example, this study aims to characterize weathered volcanic rocks by the core, thin slice, log interpretation, and experimental test. The Carboniferous volcanic rocks are mainly composed of volcanic lava, volcanic breccia, and tuff, etc, which formed in a volcanic arc environment. As a result of the weathering and denudation, the weathered profile can be divided into four layers: weathered clay layer, intensive weathered zone, weak weathered zone, and unweathered compacted zone. The preserved void space mainly includes primary porosity (both vesicular and fractures), secondary pores, and fractures enhanced by weathering and structural processes. Among them, the volcanic facies control the first‐order properties of the reservoir. The degree of weathering‐leaching controls the thickness of the weathered part of the reservoir. The faults and fractures control the seepage/permeability capacity of weathered volcanic reservoir. On the plane, the weathered volcanic reservoirs mainly distributed along the fault zone, tectonic zone, and favorable lithofacies zone. On the longitudinal direction, they are always within the weathered profile toward the top of a certain depth range (20‐240 m).
Effects of substrate thermal conditions on the swelling of thin intumescent coatings
Authors: Lucherini Andrea , Torero Jose L. , Maluk Cristian
Published: April 2020

The experimental study presented herein investigates the influence of the substrate thermal conditions on the behaviour of thin intumescent coatings. Steel plates coated with a commercially available solvent‐based thin intumescent coating were exposed to a constant incident radiant heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in accordance with the heat‐transfer rate inducing system (H‐TRIS) test method. The influence of different substrate thermal conditions was investigated using sample holders capable of controlling the thermal boundary conditions at the unexposed surface of tested steel plates and comparing them to coated timber samples. Experimental results evidence that the substrate thermal conditions govern the swelling of intumescent coatings, thus their effectiveness in protecting load‐bearing structural elements. The substrate temperature controls the swelling of intumescent coatings because it defines the temperature experienced by the reacting virgin coating located close to the coating‐substrate interface. The physical and thermal properties of the substrate control the capacity of the system to concentrate/dissipate heat in proximity of the coating‐substrate interface. In this way, the substrate thermal conditions govern the temperature evolution of the reacting intumescent coating, consequently the swelling process. Accordingly, high swelling rates were recorded for highly insulating conditions (timber substrate), while low swelling rates for poorly insulating conditions (water‐cooled heat sink).
Prediction of the flash point of fragrances by raman spectroscopy and multivariate calibration
Authors: Godinho Robson B. , Santos Mauricio C. , Quellet Christian , Poppi Ronei J.
Published: April 2020

In this work, we investigated the use of Raman spectroscopy for rapid, nondestructive, and low‐cost determination of the flash point in fragrances. For this purpose, multivariate calibration based on partial least squares regression was applied to correlate the fragrances Raman spectra with the respective flash point estimated by the ASTM D7094‐04 method. To perform this study, 32 fragrances having distinct odor profiles were chosen (referred to as “fragrance type” in the following), corresponding to a total of 81 batches produced in both factory and laboratory. For the samples in the prediction set, the correlation coefficient for the linear adjust between the flash point estimated by proposed methodology and the ASTM method was 0.9901, and the largest absolute error was 5.2°C. The proposed methodology presented an inverse of the analytical sensitivity of 2.1°C, that is, the minimum flash point difference which is discernible by the model. The results demonstrated that the proposed method is comparable to the standard method for analyzing the flash points of fragrances.
Forecasting aggregate market volatility: The role of good and bad uncertainties
Authors: Liu Li , Wang Yudong
Published: April 2020

We decompose economic uncertainty into "good" and "bad" components according to the sign of innovations. Our results indicate that bad uncertainty provides stronger predictive content regarding future market volatility than good uncertainty. The asymmetric models with good and bad uncertainties forecast market volatility in a better way than the symmetric models with overall uncertainty. The combination for asymmetric uncertainty models significantly outperforms the benchmark of autoregression, as well as the combination for symmetric models. The revealed volatility predictability is further demonstrated to be economically significant in the framework of portfolio allocation.
Characterization of nanoemulsion of Nigella sativa oil and its application in ice cream
Authors: Mohammed Nameer Khairullah , Muhialdin Belal J. , Meor Hussin Anis Shobirin
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to develop ice‐cream product fortified with a Nigella sativa oil (NSO) nanoemulsion at four ratios (0% control, 3%, 5% and 10%). The NSO nanoemulsion stabilized by combinations of gum arabic, sodium caseinate, and Tween‐20 at three ratios (5%, 10%, and 15%) of emulsifiers. The results showed that 10% nanoemulsion has the highest stability and zeta potential (−31.92), and lowest change of PDI (0.182). The 5% nanoemulsion showed the lowest particle size (175.83 µm). The result demonstrated that NSO nanoemulsion improved the ice‐cream physical properties and consumer acceptability. Among the different samples, sensory evaluation revealed that ice‐cream sample of 5% nanoemulsion received more acceptability from the panelist. This results demonstrated ice cream can be fortified with NSO nanoemulsion. This means it could be used as a functional ice cream with manifold NSO health benefits.
Meta‐analytic evidence for a joint neural mechanism underlying response inhibition and state anger
Authors: Puiu Andrei A. , Wudarczyk Olga , Kohls Gregor , Bzdok Danilo , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Konrad Kerstin
Published: April 2020

Although anger may weaken response inhibition (RI) by allowing outbursts to bypass deliberate processing, it is equally likely that RI deficits precipitate a state of anger (SA). In adolescents, for instance, anger occurs more frequently and often leads to escalating aggressive behaviors. Even though RI is considered a key component in explaining individual differences in SA expression, the neural overlap between SA and RI remains elusive. Here, we aimed to meta‐analytically revisit and update the neural correlates of motor RI, to determine a consistent neural architecture of SA, and to identify their joint neural network. Considering that inhibitory abilities follow a protracted maturation until early adulthood, we additionally computed RI meta‐analyses in youths and adults. Using activation likelihood estimation, we calculated twelve meta‐analyses across 157 RI and 39 SA experiments on healthy individuals. Consistent with previous findings, RI was associated with a broad frontoparietal network including the anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus (aI/IFG), premotor and midcingulate cortices, extending into right temporoparietal areas. Youths showed convergent activity in right midcingulate and medial prefrontal areas, left aI/IFG, and the temporal poles. SA, on the other hand, reliably recruited the right aI/IFG and anterior cingulate cortex. Conjunction analyses between RI and SA yielded a single convergence cluster in the right aI/IFG. While frontoparietal networks and bilateral aI are ubiquitously recruited during RI, the right aI/IFG cluster likely represents a node in a dynamically‐adjusting monitoring network that integrates salient information thereby facilitating the execution of goal‐directed behaviors under highly unpredictable scenarios.