bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE FLAT FOOT OF CHILDREN AGE: ACTUAL STATE OF PROBLEM
Authors: Timaev M. Kh , Sertakova A. V , Kurkin S. A , Rubashkin S. A
Published: April 2019

More than 90% of all visits to children orthopedist is related to pathology of feet of children age, flat foot in particular. The review present actual data concerning classification, etiology and characteristics of pathological anatomy of disease, diagnostic techniques and features of gait. The data related to present methods of conservative and operational treatment of flat foot is presented.
THE STUDY OF ARTERIAL RIGIDITY IN OUT-PATIENT PRACTICE AMONG INDIVIDUALS OF ABLE-BODIED AGE
Authors: Dokina E. D , Shashina Natalya B. , Babanin V. S , Minushkina L. O , Alekseeva L. A
Published: April 2019

The study was carried out on the basis of sampling of able-bodied individuals to analyze indices of arterial rigidity obtained at screening examination (group I, 138 patients) combined with day monitoring of arterial pressure (group II, 58 patients). The conclusion is made that in-depth examination of individuals with arterial hypertension and risk of cardio-vascular complications day monitoring of arterial pressure with estimation of arterial rigidity is preferable to be applied.
THE CHLAMYDIA INFECTION OF UPPER SECTION OF RESPIRATORY TRACTS
Authors: Markina Anzhela N. , Kapustina T. A , Parilova O. V , Belova E. V
Published: April 2019

The chlamydiae, according human danger degree, are absolute parasites with all attributes of virulence. Besides possibility of reiterated infection, they are not classified as opportunistic microorganisms, constituting facultative part of microflora of normal biocenosis of mucous tunics. The article presents data concerning high prevalence of chlamydia infection of upper section of respiratory tract in various groups of populations (organized children and adult population, patients with acute and chronic inflammatory disease of nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx). The obtained results are based on examination of 1 329 individuals. The laboratory analysis techniques included identification of two types of chlamydiae - Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. To detect chlamydiae in organized population a direct fluoroimmunoassay was applied. The verification of chlamydia infection on patients was implemented by simultaneous application of three tests: direct fluoroimmunoassay (to detect antigens of chlamydia), polymerase chain reaction (to detect DNA chlamydiae) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (to detect anti-chlamydiae antibodies). The species structure of identified chlamydiae depending on age and gender of examined individuals was presented. It was established that infection with chlamydiae of mucous membrane of upper section of respiratory tract depends on age of child. The presence of chlamydiae in children and adults determines higher probability of development of ENT pathology.
THE SUPPORT OF RUSSIAN PATIENTS WITH ANTI-TUMOR MEDICATIONS
Authors: Golikov Aleksandr S.
Published: April 2019

The article summarizes the results of expertise analysis of nomenclature of Russian pharmaceutical market of anti-tumor medications. the main summing-up is presented concerning implementation of strategy of medicinal support of oncologic patients within the framework of program "The strategy of development of pharmaceutical industry of the Russian Federation up to 2020".
THE EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS RELATED TO PREVALENCE OF HIV-INFECTION AT DENTIST'S VISIT
Authors: Khelminskaya Natalya M. , Goncharova A. V , Kravets V. I , Shen P. A
Published: April 2019

The article considers issues of necessity of studying risk factors of spreading of IV-infection at dentist's visit in sate medical institutions and commercial stomatological structures. The data from publications concerning morbidity is presented. The clinical manifestations in oral cavity of patients with HIV-infection are studied. The analysis of efficiency of medical activities is presented. The recommendations concerning prevention of HIV-infection are given.
THE WORKING TIME SPENDING OF PHYSICIANS-SPECIALISTS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES RELATED TO APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Starodubov V. I , Ivanova Maisa A. , Lyutsko V. V , Popova N. M , Tolmachev D. A
Published: April 2019

The photo time-keeping monitoring of working of 50 physicians of ultrasound diagnostic was carried out in 20 pilot territories with consideration for modern technical possibilities. The substantiation of the study was based on point 3 of the regulations of development and authorization of type labor standards, approved by enactment of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 11 2002 № 804 (legislation corpus of the Russian Federation, 2002, № 46, article 4583) and point 19 of the plan of actions («road map») «The alterations in sectors of social sphere directed to increasing of efficiency of health care», approved by the enactment of the government of the Russian Federation of December 28 2012 № 2599-p (legislation corpus of the Russian Federation, 2013, № 2, article 130; № 45, article 5863; 2014, № 19, article 2468). The results of study testify the necessity of development of normative documentation related to establishment of standards of load of endoscopy physicians concerning increasing of time spend to implementation of curative diagnostic examinations.
THE CLINICAL AND PSYCHO-SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF PATIENTS IN PLASTIC SURGERY
Authors: Petrova Nataliya N. , Kalakutsky N. V , Palatina O. M
Published: April 2019

Nowadays, the standards of rendering of specialized psychiatric care to patients of plastic surgery are still to be determined. The broadening of knowledge about clinical, psycho-social characteristics of patients of reconstructive and plastic surgery will assist to determine risk groups on mental disorders and to specify algorithms of management of these patients. The study covered 44 examined patients underwent plastic operations in area of face and neck. The clinical and psychometric techniques (Hamilton depression scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were applied. The patients of aesthetic surgery are characterized by higher level of social functioning. However, in the past mental disorders were diagnosed among them more frequently. At that, the patients of reconstructive and aesthetic surgery received treatment of mental disorders in 33.3% and 46.2% correspondingly. They visited psychiatrist on rare occasions. The mental pathology, more often of neurotic level, was diagnosed in 52.4% of cases in the group of reconstructive surgery and in 81.6% of cases in the group of aesthetic surgery. The patients of reconstructive surgery differed by higher prevalence of severe stress and reactive conditions, better criticism and hypochondria tendencies. Subjectively, the patients with deep affections of face and neck tissues psychologically considered as a most difficult year the first one after first treatment by plastic surgeons. The patients of aesthetic surgery are characterized by dysmorphophobia and personality disorders. In both groups in more than 50% of all cases a depressive symptomatic was detected. In the group of reconstructive surgery, the structure of depressive syndrome characterized by superficial sleep, locomotion anxiety. At the same time, the group of aesthetic surgery demonstrated more strikingly vegetative and mental components of anxiety.
THE PHENOMENON OF «SECOND HIT» AFTER OPERATIONS OF OSTEOSYNTHESIS IN CASE OF POLY-TRAUMA
Authors: Shapkin Yu. G , Seliverstov P. A , Skripal E. A
Published: April 2019

In case of poly-trauma the early operations of osteosynthesis under fractures of long bones, unstable fractures of pelvis and backbone bones being an operational trauma, can provoke progression of inflammatory reaction, development of systemic complications and poly-organ inadequacy i.e. causing a «second hit» effect. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of «second hit» phenomenon are complicated and they are implementing by means of modulation of immune response. The risk of development of the given phenomenon depends on period of implementation and method of osteosynthesis, severity of injuries and condition, age, concomitant pathology of patient, presence of chest trauma and craniocerebral trauma. The study of pathophysiology of «second hit» phenomenon is perspective for development and optimization of clinical concepts of treatment of patients with poly-trauma and skeletal damages.
How Does Acculturation Influence Smoking Behavior Among Latinos? The Role of Education and National Background
Authors: Rodriquez Erik J. , Fernández Alicia , Livaudais-Toman Jennifer C. , Perez-Stable Eliseo J.
Published: April 2019

Introduction: As Latinos acculturate, they are assumed to smoke at higher rates. This study investigated the relationship between acculturation level, educational attain­ment, and cigarette smoking by gender and national background among Latinos.Methods: Data from the 2009-2012 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed and participants included 1,111 Cubans, 813 Dominicans, 13,281 Mexi­cans, and 2,197 Puerto Ricans. Multivari­able logistic regression was used to model acculturation and educational predictors of current smoking, stratified by gender and national background. Acculturation level was categorized into less acculturated, bicultural, and more acculturated by com­bining birthplace and language preference. Current cigarette smoking was defined by self-reported use every day or some days among those who ever smoked at least 100 cigarettes.Results: Most respondents were inter­viewed in English (62%) and had a high school education or less (60%), but only 39% were US-born. Overall, 17.8% of men and 9.6% of women reported current smoking. By national background, smok­ing prevalence was highest among Puerto Ricans (16% of women and 23% of men) and lowest among Dominicans (6% of wom­en and 10% of men). More acculturated Mexican women and men had significantly higher odds of current smoking (OR=2.94; 95% CI=2.01, 4.31 and OR=1.88; 95% CI=1.39, 2.55; respectively). Mexican men who were more acculturated and had greater levels of educational attainment had lower odds of smoking (OR=.84; 95% CI=.74, .96).Conclusions: The relationship between acculturation and health behaviors among Latinos is influenced by education and should be considered by public health and clinician stakeholders when developing or adapting tobacco control strategies. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):227-238. doi:10.18865/ ed.29.2.227
Cancer-related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors within the Latino Faith Community in South Los Angeles
Authors: Lucas-Wright Aziza , Duran Petra , Bazargan Mohsen , Vargas Claudia , Maxwell Annette E.
Published: April 2019

Objectives: The goal of this study was to establish relationships with Latino churches in South Los Angeles and to collect data from parishioners regarding their access to care, cancer risk factors, and cancer-related knowledge, attitudes and screening.Methods: In 2014, we approached five La­tino churches. All allowed us to describe the study and to consent potential respondents at a designated time during the church service.Results: 398 Latino respondents (75% female) completed the survey in English (15%) or Spanish (85%). Most respondents were born in Mexico (63%). Only 56% had health insurance and 51% had a regular doctor. Based on self-reported height and weight, 33% were overweight and 51% were obese. However, only 42% of obese respondents had been told by their doctor that they were obese. Although it is well-established that obesity is a major cancer risk factor, respondents lacked knowledge about the important role of nutrition and exercise in cancer prevention. Among women, adherence to national screening guidelines was 88% for cervical cancer, 72% for breast cancer and 58% for colorectal cancer. However, they were quite willing to undergo cancer screening if recommended by a physician and reported few barriers to colorectal cancer screening.Conclusions: Our data suggest a need to focus on both primary and secondary cancer prevention by promoting healthy lifestyles to curb the obesity epidemic and by promoting colorectal cancer screening. These data will inform future interventions to promote wellness in South Los Ange­les in collaboration with the Latino faith community. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):239-246; doi:10.18865/ed.29.2.239
Cinzelamento e sexualidade em Films d’amour (1968-89), de Maurice Lemaître
Authors: Uchôa Fábio Raddi
Published: April 2019

Com base no conjunto de curtas Films d’amour, realizados por Maurice Lemaître, busca-se questionar seus principais traços narrativos, tendo por foco as questões do cinzelamento e da sexualidade neles existentes. Para tanto, parte-se do debate teórico das dimensões fílmicas, extrafílmicas e líricas do cinzelamento, bem como da sexualidade no contexto da vanguarda letrista. Em um segundo momento, os filmes são abordados por uma descrição comentada, atenta às questões-chave anunciadas, bem como às contraposições letristas aos padrões hegemônicos de sexualidade próprios ao cinema clássico e ao pornô. Por fim, identifica-se a existência de uma sexualidade particular, associada ao lirismo e também às tensões entre a liberdade visual e a racionalização dos elementos sonoros/escritos. Entre os desdobramentos, quanto às teorias sobre a construção da sexualidade no cinema, defende-se que Films d’amour terá um campo conceitual propício, a partir de autores como Laura Mulvey, Mary Ann Doane e Yann Lardeau que, nos anos 70, desconfiavam do prazer visual e da sexualidade, herdeiros do naturalismo clássico e da fragmentação do pornô.
Fundamentals of Stem Cells: Why and How Patients' Own Adult Stem Cells Are the Next Generation of Medicine
Authors: Alt Eckhard U. , Schmitz Christoph , Bai Xiaowen
Published: April 2019

Various tissue resident stem cells are receiving attention from basic scientists and clinicians as they hold certain promise for regenerative medicine. This paper is intended to clarify and facilitate the understanding, development and adoption of regenerative medicine in general and specifically of therapies based on unmodified, autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs). To this end, results of landmark experiments on stem cells and stem cell therapy performed in the labs of the authors are summarized, the most intriguing of which are the following: (i) vascular associated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from different organs (adipose tissue, heart, skin, bone marrow and skeletal muscle) and differentiated into ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, providing significant support for the hypothesis of the existence of a small, ubiquitously distributed, universal vascular associated stem cell with full pluripotency; (ii) the orientation and differentiation of MSCs are driven by signals of the respective microenvironment; and (iii) these stem cells irrespective of the tissue origin exhibit full pluripotent differentiation potential without any prior genetic modification or the need for culturing. They can be obtained from a small amount of adipose tissue when using the appropriate technology for isolating the cells, and can be harvested from and re-applied to the same patient at the point of care without the need for complicated processing, manipulation, culturing, expensive equipment, or repeat interventions. These findings demonstrate the potential of UA-ADRCs for triggering the development of an entire new generation of medicine for the benefit of patients and of healthcare systems.
The Eighteen of 1918–1919: Black Nurses and the Great Flu Pandemic in the United States
Authors: Jones Marian Moser , Saines Matilda
Published: April 2019

This article examines the role of Black American nurses during the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic and the aftermath of World War I. The pandemic caused at least 50 million deaths worldwide and 675 000 in the United States. It occurred during a period of pervasive segregation and racial violence, in which Black Americans were routinely denied access to health, educational, and political institutions. We discuss how an unsuccessful campaign by Black leaders for admission of Black nurses to the Red Cross, the Army Nurse Corps, and the Navy Nurse Corps during World War I eventually created opportunities for 18 Black nurses to serve in the army during the pandemic and the war’s aftermath. Analyzing archival sources, news reports, and published materials, we examine these events in the context of nursing and early civil rights history. This analysis demonstrates that the pandemic incrementally advanced civil rights in the Army Nurse Corps and Red Cross, while providing ephemeral opportunities for Black nurses overall. This case study reframes the response to epidemics and other public health emergencies as potential opportunities to advance health equity.
Causes of Excess Deaths in Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria: A Time-Series Estimation
Authors: Cruz-Cano Raul , Mead Erin L.
Published: April 2019

Objectives. To determine the number and causes of excess deaths in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria made landfall on September 20, 2017.

Methods. We obtained monthly vital statistics data on all deaths from January 2008 through October 2017. We conducted a time-series analysis to estimate excess mortality in September and October 2017 overall and by age, sex, and cause of death.

Results. We estimated a total of 1205 excess deaths (95% confidence interval [CI] = 707, 1702). Excess deaths were slightly higher among men than women (632 and 579 deaths, respectively) and found only among people aged 60 years or older (1038 deaths). Most excess deaths occurred from heart disease (253 deaths), “other” causes (204 deaths), diabetes (195 deaths), Alzheimer’s disease (122 deaths), and septicemia (81 deaths).

Conclusions. The number of excess deaths was similar to recent government estimates. However, this study is the first to identify the causes of death that were exacerbated by the disaster.

Public Health Implications. An accurate estimation of the top causes of excess mortality can help authorities plan resource allocation for the island’s recovery and for the prevention of deaths in future disasters.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI DESAIN MIKROEMULSI MINYAK ATSIRI KAYU MANIS
Authors: Djiuardi Evelyn , Nugraha Tutun
Published: April 2019

This research focused on the study of the capability of cinnamon essential oil as antibacterial
agent, when it is made as a microemulsion solution. The study occupied further research on
specific type, concentration, and amount of emulsifier needed to make the cinnamon essential
oil miscible in water without causing destruction in its antibacterial activity. Four different
emulsifiers were tested, namely Tween 20, Tween 80, soya lechitin, and carboxymethyl cellulose
(CMC) to stabilize the essential oil in water. The emulsifiers were used at 2% w/w, while the
essential oil concentrations were varied at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. In this study, the antibacterial
activity of the microemulsion solution of cinnamon essential oil was tested against two types of
pathogenic bacteria commonly found in foods, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia
coli. Among the four types of emulsifiers, which are used, CMC showed the best results as an
emulsifier. The results of this study indicated that microemulsion solution has antibacterial
activity best is a combination between the CMC and the essential oil of cinnamon
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ISOLATION BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM ROSELLE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA) FROM VARIOUS METHODS AND DRYING TIME
Authors: Purbowati Ike Sitoresmi mulyo , Sujiman Sujiman , Maksum Ali
Published: April 2019

The focus of this study was to evaluate the effect of different drying methods and drying level on the bioactive compounds of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)as antioxidant agent. The experiment has been conducted in cabinet dryer and by a direct exposure on sun light as weel as by using a green house effect panel with duration of driying: 1, 3, 5, 7 hours. The observed parameters were Colour, levels of anthocyanins,vitamin C, and free radical trapping capacity (DPPH). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further test DMRT (Duncant Multiple Range Test). The best results from these study was the cabinet drying with 7 h of drying time which have value for color (L, a*, b*), total anthocyanins, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity in respective order were 21.633; 6.80; 4.53; 3.22mg/100g; 1238.29mg/100g; 74,63%.
KAJIAN KONSENTRASI JUS SEMANGGI DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP PENURUNAN LOGAM BERAT KUPANG MERAH
Authors: Basuki Enny Karti , Winarti Sri
Published: April 2019

Red kupang lives permanently dan eats by filtering food in waters so that it has high potential to be contaminated with heavy metals. The presence of heavy metals in kupang can cause health problems if consumed by humans. One of the efforts to reduce the heavy metal of kupang merah by adsorption method uses natural ingredients such as clover which is rich in secondary metabolites. The content of secondary metabolites in plants acts as a binder for heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of clover juice dan the best time of immersion in kupang merah to reduce the level of heavy metals in kupang merah meat. This study used a complete random factorial pattern design with two factors with 2 replications. First factor: clover juice concentration 10%, 20%, 30% dan second factor: contact time is 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes. The results of clover analysis showed that fresh clover contained terpenoids/steroids, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols dan phenols in total 86.935 ± 2.004 mg TAE/gram. The results of fresh red kupang analysis showed protein content of 9.82 ± 0.3111%, water content of 81.527±0.545%, ash content of 1.840±0.014%, copper metal content of 47.491±0.386 ppm, lead 21.309±1.93 ppm, chromium 2,333±1,102 ppm, cadmium 1,648±0,083 ppm dan mercury 0,539±0,027 ppm. The best treatment in the study of the best metal content reduction at 30% clover juice concentration and 120 minutes soaking time can reduce the contamination of kupang Merah heavy metals, namely Cu to 19.862 ppm (down 58.177%), Pb to 0.886 ppm (down 95.842%), Cr to 0.758 (down 67.609%), Cd becomes 0.813 ppm (50.668%), Hg becomes 0.024 ppm (95.547%). The characteristics of kupang Merah meat after soaking are 9.10% protein content, 1.781% ash content dan 84.506% moisture content.
Features of low-temperature storage of streptomyces strains - producers of glycosidaz inhibitors
Authors: Printseva A. A. , Sharova N. Yu. , Vybornova T. V. , Manzhieva B. S.
Published: April 2019

The aim of the work is to study the inhibitory activity of the Streptomyces lucensis VKPM Ac-1743 and Streptomyces violaceus VKPM Ac-1734 strains stored at –18 °C in a 15 % glycerol solution and in a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution.

The object of the study was the actinomycete strains of S. lucensis VKPM Ac-1743 and S. violaceus VKPM Ac-1734 producers of glycosidase inhibitor, which is a micro-ingredient for creating products with a low glycemic index. The storage time was nine months. Bookmark storage was performed by flushing with a taped agar starchcontaining environment of Capek. For comparison, we studied the properties of cultures stored at +4 °C without cryoprotectant.

Deep cultivation of Streptomyces strains was carried out in a periodic manner on a medium containing corn starch hydrolyzate under the Multitron incubator shaker (INFORS,Switzerland).

Inhibitory activity was determined in inactivated native solutions by a colorimetric method with respect to pancreatic α-amylase, a test glycosidase involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and whose activity was chosen as a criterion for assessing the hypoglycemic action of the inhibitor. The proteinase activity of the inactivated native solution was determined by a modified method using a casein substrate.

The experimental data were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics and Excel XP programs.

As a result of the research, it was established that the actinomycete strains of S. lucensis and S. violaceus, the producers of glycosidase inhibitors, can maintain inhibitory activity during low-temperature storage for nine months.

For the S. lucensis actinomycete strain, stored in a 15 % glycerol solution at – 18 °C, the maximum inhibitory activity is 48 hours in the biotechnological process and is (3686 ± 300) IU/cm3 native solution, and for theviolaceus strain – (3150 ± 200) IU/cm³of the native solution, respectively.

For the strain of actinomycete S. lucensis, stored in 0.9 % sodium chloride solution at a temperature of – 18 °C, the maximum inhibitory activity accounts for 72 h of the biotechnological process and is (2600 ± 200) IU/cm³ of the native solution, and for the strain S. violaceus the maximum inhibitory activity accounts for 24 hours of the biotechnological process and is (3530 ± 200) IU/cm³ of the native solution.

At a storage temperature of +4 °C, the inhibitory activity for the strain of actinomycete S. lucensis is (560 ± 20) IU/cm³of native solution, and for the strain of S. violaceus – (1747 ± 100) IU/cm³ of native solution, respectively. On the basis of the data obtained, it can be concluded that a temperature of –18 °C is preferred for long-term storage.

During the cultivation of Streptomyces strains, proteinase activity ranged from (0,012 ± 0,001) U/cm³ to (0,072 ± 0,002) U/cm³.

The obtained data can be applied in further studies to develop conditions for long-term storage of collection crops.
Quantification of Leaf Growth, Height Increase, and Compensatory Root Water Uptake of Sunflower in Heterogeneous Saline Soils
Authors: Lei Guoqing , Zeng Wenzhi , Zhu Jiangxu , Zha Yuanyuan , Fang Yuanhao , Song Yixiao , Chen Mingyuan , Qian Yingzhi , Wu Jingwei , Huang Jiesheng
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas

Compensatory growth and root water uptake are observed in heterogeneous saline soils.

Three types of indexes are proposed to determine the heterogeneous water and salt stresses.

Critical compensation factors for each growth stages of sunflower are determined and linked with heterogeneous soil water and salt.

To characterize the crop growth and root water uptake (RWU) under heterogeneous soil water and salt (SWS) conditions, 2‐yr subplot experiments with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were conducted at the Yichang experimental station in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), China. Three types of stress indices, including average (αmean, ω), positional (αupper, αdeeper), and extreme (αsmax, αsmin) indices, were defined to quantify the heterogeneity of the SWS stresses at each growth stage of sunflower. The relative increase in the leaf area index (REDLAI) and height (REDH) of sunflower were quantified based on correlation analyses with SWS heterogeneity indices. The critical compensation factor (ωc) of RWU at different sunflower growth stages was inversely calculated based on the Feddes Jarvis (FJ) model and quantified using a defined soil environmental stress factor (δ). The results showed that the vertical heterogeneity of SWS gradually improved and that soil stress indices varied with sunflower growth. The relatively high correlations of REDLAI and REDH with the ω (average stress coefficient weighted by the root length density) were determined, and quantitative relationships of the REDLAI and REDH with the ω at different growth stages were established. Furthermore, relatively high coefficient of determination (R2) values of quantitative relationships between ωc and δ were acquired (0.75, 0.78, 0.64, and 0.46 at the seedling, budding, flowering, and maturity stages, respectively). The proposed methods could improve the prediction of crop leaf growth, height development, and compensatory root water uptake (CRWU) based on SWS information in salt‐affected regions.
Improving Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain through Combined Foliar Applications of Zinc and Pesticides
Authors: Wang Shaoxia , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Liu Ke , Fei Peiwen , Chen Juan , Li Xiushuang , Ning Peng , Chen Yanlong , Shi Jianglan , Tian Xiaohong
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas

Foliar zinc (Zn) applied together with any pesticides caused similar increase in whole grain and grain milling fractions Zn concentrations as compared with foliar Zn application alone.

Foliar Zn applied simultaneously with pesticides significantly increased estimated Zn bioavailability in whole grain and grain milling fractions; the increases were comparable to foliar Zn application alone.

Higher Zn concentration and bioavailability in whole grain with Zn applied at milk stage with or without pesticides indicated efficient absorption of Zn by wheat plants compared with Zn applied at flowering stage.

Foliar ZnSO4 application has been shown to be effective for increasing Zn concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain but is time and energy consuming. For promoting adoption of this practice by growers, a field experiment was conducted in two seasons to evaluate the effects of foliar Zn combined with six commonly used pesticides (three insecticides and three fungicides) applied at flowering or milk stage on Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain and its milling fractions. Grains were fractionated into flour and bran for analysis of Zn, phytic acid (PA), and other nutrients (protein, P, K, Fe, and Mn). The results showed that foliar application of Zn together with various pesticides, irrespective of pesticide type, was as effective as foliar Zn application alone in improving Zn concentrations in whole grain and in its milling fractions. Combined foliar application of Zn with pesticides did not increase PA concentration but significantly increased the estimated Zn bioavailability in flour by 79.2%, in bran by 95.4%, and in grain by 94.5%. Zinc foliar application (with or without pesticides) at milk stage resulted in a higher Zn concentration and bioavailability in whole grain than Zn applied at flowering stage. There were no adverse effects of combined foliar application of Zn and pesticides on grain yield and other nutrients. Therefore, foliar Zn application can be safely applied with commonly used fungicides or insecticides (particularly at milk stage) to enrich Zn of the whole grain and particularly the flour and represents a useful practice for overcoming human Zn deficiency.
Validating Genomewide Predictions of Genetic Variance in a Contemporary Breeding Program
Authors: Neyhart Jeffrey L. , Smith Kevin P.
Published: April 2019

Predicting the genetic variance among progeny from a cross—prior to making said cross—would be a valuable metric for plant breeders to discriminate among possible parent combinations. The use of genomewide markers and simulated populations is one proposed method for making such predictions. Our objective was to assess the predictive ability of this method for three relevant quantitative traits within a breeding program regularly using genomewide selection. Using a training population of two‐row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines, we predicted the mean (μ), genetic variance (VG), and superior progeny mean (μSP, mean of the best 10% of lines) of 330,078 possible parent combinations for Fusarium head blight (FHB) severity, heading date, and plant height. Twenty‐seven of these combinations were chosen to develop biparental populations, which were subsequently phenotyped for the same traits. We found that the predictive abilities (rMP) for μ and μSP were moderate to high (rMP = 0.46–0.69), whereas those for VG were lower (rMP = 0.01–0.48). Unsurprisingly, predictive ability was likely a function of trait heritability, as rMP estimates for heading date (the most heritable trait) were highest, and rMP estimates for FHB severity (the least heritable trait) were lowest. We observed strong negative bias when predicting VG (on average −83 to −96%), but the relative consistency of this bias across validation families indicates that it may have little impact when selecting crosses. We concluded that accurate predictions of VG and μSP are feasible, but as with any implementation of genomewide selection, reliable phenotypic data are critical.
Comparing Biological and Conventional Chemical Soil Tests in Long‐Term Tillage, Rotation, N Rate Field Study
Authors: Bavougian Christina M. , Shapiro Charles A. , Stewart Zachary P. , Eskridge Kent M.
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas

Haney N and P tests were correlated with conventional soil NO3–N and Mehlich III P.

Corn and soybean yields were generally not correlated with soil health indicators.

Haney and conventional soil test methods had similar laboratory precision as determined by sensitivity ratio analysis.

Haney Soil Health Tests generated additional information, particularly about organic C and N fractions, that is not available from conventional chemical soil tests.

The Haney Soil Health Tool is a suite of tests integrating chemical and biological factors to provide a sophisticated analysis of soil nutrient availability. This research was conducted to determine if Haney tests (including H3A and water extracts, Solvita 24‐h CO2 evolution, and Soil Health Calculation [SHC]) can add value to conventional chemical soil testing methods and increase knowledge of the effects of tillage systems, crop rotation, and N rate on soil health and corn grain yield. We studied rainfed continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and corn following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under three tillage systems and three N rates in a long‐term field experiment in northeast Nebraska. The H3A ammonium, H3A inorganic N, and water‐extractable total N tests detected more differences (significant F tests for main effects and interactions involving all treatments) than conventional NO3–N analysis (which detected the interaction of rotation × N rate). Water‐extractable organic C detected more differences than LOI. There was a three‐way interaction of tillage × rotation × N rate for Solvita and SHC; high N and intensive tillage mostly corresponded to low Solvita and SHC values. We did not expect the treatments to affect P or K directly, but the tillage × rotation interaction was significant for Mehlich III P, tillage for H3A organic P, and N rate for H3A inorganic and total P. Correlation analysis confirmed linear relationships between many Haney and conventional soil tests, and we concluded via sensitivity ratio calculations that the tests offered similar precision.
Sub-Doppler laser cooling of $^{39}$K via the 4S$\to$5P transition
Authors: Unnikrishnan Govind , Gröbner Michael , Nägerl Hanns-Christoph
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate sub-Doppler laser cooling of
^{39}39K
using degenerate Raman sideband cooling via the
4S_{1/2} \rightarrow1/2→5P_{1/2}1/2
transition at 404.8 nm. By using an optical lattice in combination with
a magnetic field and optical pumping beams, we obtain a spin-polarized
sample of up to 5.6 \times 10^{7}5.6×107
atoms cooled down to a sub-Doppler temperature of 4
\upmuμK,
reaching a peak density of 3.9 \times 10^{9}3.9×109
atoms/cm^{3}3,
a phase-space density greater than 10^{-5}10−5,
and an average vibrational level of \langle \nu \rangle=0.6⟨ν⟩=0.6
in the lattice. This work opens up the possibility of implementing a
single-site imaging scheme in a far-detuned optical lattice utilizing
shorter wavelength transitions in alkali atoms, thus allowing improved
spatial resolution.
The Knowledge Management System in Organizations as a Tool of Labor Increase Efficiency: Stages of Construction
Authors: Кочнева Оксана , Kochneva Oksana
Published: April 2019

Knowledge management became known as a technology (concept, direction) of management in the second half of the XX century. The National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R ISO 9001-2015 “Quality management system. Requirements” was introduced on November 1, 2015. It contained a section entitled “Organization Knowledge”, which caused normative interest in this administrative tool. The transition period was three years.

Knowledge management has been the focus of scientific and educational publications. The interest is caused primarily by a search for optimal ways of system's effective functioning under the conditions of “society of knowledge”. It means a need for permanent innovation, prompt adaptation to changes, information space digitalization, etc. An analysis of prominent studies allowed the author to create a knowledge management system (KMS) for organizations. The research highlighted the main stages of KMS design and a number of significant problems of socio-psychological nature that accompany it. The algorithm is not highly versatile in nature, since formation of KMS depends on many characteristics of the company – its resources, size, stage of life cycle, degree of processes routinization, scope of activities, personal characteristics of leader and the team, cross-cultural specificity, environmental factors, etc. It can contribute to the holistic understanding about the main stages of the process and its key problems.
Strategic Planning as the Most Important Element of Management of the Sustainable Development of Rural Territories
Authors: Тимофеева Наталья , Timofeeva Natalya
Published: April 2019

Subject. In modern conditions, the effective management of sustainable development of rural areas needs effective requirements. Development of rural areas is impossible without a clearly developed strategic plan. Therefore, strategic planning has recently become even more relevant. Objective. Development of recommendations on strategic planning for sustainable development of rural areas. Methodology of the work. The research employed the methods of economic analysis and comparison, as well as an abstract-logical and monographic analysis. The authors used statistical data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Buryatia for 2014–2016, as well as periodicals and Internet resources. In addition, such methods of analysis as systematization and generalization were used. Results. The research features an analysis of strategic planning of sustainable development of rural areas. It proposes a procedure for developing a strategy for the sustainable development of rural areas. Conclusions. The analysis led to the conclusion that for the agricultural sector it is necessary to create a multi-level integrated system for planning the socio-economic development of rural areas. The proposed procedure for developing a strategy for sustainable development of rural areas allows for a more accurate assessment of rural development prospects, more effective development of strategic plans for rural development, and can be used as a strategic planning tool.
Quality of Working Life: Definitive Foundations, Structure, and Management
Authors: Мухачёва Анна , Muhacheva Anna
Published: April 2019

The research features the quality of working life and its foundations, components, and measurement. The article describes and summarizes various theoretical and applied perspectives of the phenomenon. It presents authentic ideas on the theory of working life quality, as well as a list of key elements. The authors describe a case of the nurses working in the Regional Clinical Center of miners’ health. According to the author, the quality of working life is a particular case of the general quality of life and represents the degree of satisfaction of life-supporting (physically favorable environment), social, and spiritual needs through labor activity. The dual quality of working life is in two basic approaches to its measurement: objective and subjective. The quality of working life includes the content of the work; rewards (material and immaterial); working hours; working conditions; staff; public utility and prestige of work; development; career; social guarantees and non-material compensation. The options were found limited in the absence of a full list of indicators that actualized the use of sociological tools. The research scheme is based on the example of a sociological study of opinions formed integral indicators for each quality element. The total score was quite high. The formation of point management influences in relation to certain aspects of the quality of working life can improve the management systems of labor organization and personnel motivation.
Mortgage Loan as the Main Tool for Solving the Housing Problem of Russia
Authors: Бабина Светлана , Babina Svetlana , Назаренкова Софья , Nazarenkovaa Sofya
Published: April 2019

The housing problem is extremely urgent for Russian citizens. This problem can be solved by mortgage lending in the market economy environment. The present research features the development of mortgage housing loans and identifies the existing problems in order to find ways to strengthen the mortgage capital market.

The study is based on theoretical and methodological works on the theory of mortgage lending. It involves a comparative-historical analysis in the application to the mortgage capital market, as well as an analysis of the dynamic series based on statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Bank of Russia, and the Agency for Mortgage and Housing Crediting.

The paper presents a retrospective analysis which makes it possible to conclude that, despite all the difficulties of socioeconomic development, mortgage lending has become an independent institution of the modern economic system of Russia. In conditions of economy stabilization, loans are becoming more affordable, and banks offer a variety of mortgage products on various terms. However, the position of the Russian mortgage market is still seriously inferior to that of developed countries. The authors propose several approaches to the development of the mortgage housing market, which may contribute to its further development and, thus, increase the role of mortgage in solving the housing problem, as well as construction volumes, production in related industries, and the Russian economy as a whole.
Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Park Jun Young , Kang Yeo Wool , Cho Won Gil
Published: April 2019

Inflammasomes are protein platforms consisting of multiple proteins. The biological function includes the activation of caspase-1, leading to the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18. These pro-inflammatory cytokines promote fundamental inflammatory processes in numerous infectious diseases. The inflammasome-mediated inflammation has become increasingly important in central nervous system disorders. In neurodegenerative disorders, significant contributors to disease progression include neuroinflammation and inflammatory cascades initiated by the inflammasome protein complex. This review discusses the recent progress of research on inflammasome associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
What Players of Virtual Reality Exercise Games Want: Thematic Analysis of Web-Based Reviews
Authors: Faric Nuša , Potts Henry W W , Hon Adrian , Smith Lee , Newby Katie , Steptoe Andrew , Fisher Abi
Published: April 2019

Background

Physical activity (PA) is associated with a variety of physical and psychosocial health benefits, but levels of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA remain low worldwide. Virtual reality (VR) gaming systems involving movement (VR exergames) could be used to engage people in more PA.

Objective

This study aimed to synthesize public reviews of popular VR exergames to identify common features that players liked or disliked to inform future VR exergame design.

Methods

We conducted a thematic analysis of 498 reviews of the 29 most popular exergames sold in the top 3 VR marketplaces: Steam (Valve Corporation), Viveport (Valve Corporation), and Oculus (Oculus VR). We categorized reviews as positive and negative as they appeared in the marketplaces and identified the most common themes using an inductive thematic analysis.

Results

The reviews were often mixed, reporting a wide variety of expectations, preferences, and gaming experiences. Players preferred highly realistic games (eg, closely simulated real-world sport), games that were intuitive (in terms of body movement and controls), and games that provided gradual increases in skill acquisition. Players reported feeling that they reached a high level of exertion when playing and that the immersion distracted them from the intensity of the exercise. Some preferred features included music and social aspects of the games, with multiplayer options to include friends or receive help from experienced players. There were 3 main themes in negative reviews. The first concerned bugs that rendered games frustrating. Second, the quality of graphics had a particularly strong impact on perceived enjoyment. Finally, reviewers disliked when games had overly complex controls and display functions that evoked motion sickness.

Conclusions

Exergames prove to be a stimulating avenue for players to engage in PA and distract themselves from the negative perceptions of performing exercise. The common negative aspects of VR exergames should be addressed for increased uptake and continued engagement.
Development of C-Arylcalix[4]resorcinarenes and C-Arylcalix[4]pyrogallolarenes as Antioxidant and UV-B Protector
Authors: Jumina Jumina , Siswanta Dwi , Zulkarnain Abdul Karim , Triono Sugeng , Priatmoko Priatmoko , Yuanita Emmy , Fatmasari Nela , Nursalim Ikhsan
Published: April 2019

Indonesia is rich with essential oils such as anise and clove leave oils. In respect to explore the potential utilization of these resources, it has been conducted the transformation of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde) respectively derived from anise oil and clove leaves oil to a series of C-arylcalix[4]resorcinarenes and C-arylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene macrocycles. Treatment of these aldehydes with resorcinol in the presence of HCl in absolute ethanol at reflux for 8 h afforded C-4-hydroxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene (3a) and C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl-calix[4]resorcinarene (3b) in good yields. When the aldehydes were treated with pyrogallol under the similar condition, the products were C-4-hydroxyphenyl calix[4]pyrogallolarene (3c) and C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene (3d) which were also obtained in excellent yields. Treatment of these calix[4]resorcinarenes and calix[4]pyrogallolarenes with cinnamoyl chloride and benzoyl chloride in pyridine afforded the corresponding cinnamate esters and benzoate esters in high yields. The resulted C-arylcalix-[4]resorcinarenes and C-arylcalix[4]pyrogallol arenes were subjected to antioxidant activity test using DPPH method and showed strong activity with IC50 values of 15–80 μg/mL. In terms of the synthesized calix cinnamates, the compounds showed UV-B absorption with SPF values of 15–30 at a concentration of 25 ppm which demonstrate their potential to be applied as a UV-B protector. Furthermore, these compounds were also tested for their photostability on the UV-B region and the results showed that the compounds were still unstable under irradiation for 30 min.