bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EUSt-Recht und VC 42 – Einige Bemerkungen
Authors: Schrömbges Ulrich
Published: December 2024

Der Beitrag setzt sich mit dem Grundsatzurteil VII R 10/21 des BFH vom 21.11.2023 zum EUSt-Recht und zum VC 42 unter Berücksichtigung der einschlägigen EuGH-Rechtsprechung sowie der bisher zu diesem Urteil in der Literatur erschienenen Beiträge kritisch auseinander. Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass der BFH entgegen der EuGH-Rechtsprechung in der zollamtlichen Überlassung einer Nicht-Unionsware zum zollrechtlich freien Verkehr gem. Art. 201 UZK einen Einfuhrumsatz und in der Steuerbefreiung des § 5 Abs. 1 Nr. 3 UStG einen unselbstständigen Bestandteil dieses Zollverfahrens sieht.
MicroRNA‐488 inhibits proliferation and glycolysis in human prostate cancer cells by regulating PFKFB3
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Xiaojuan , Xiao Zhaoming , Wang Yu , Han Yuefu , Li Jun , Zhu Weian , Leng Qu , Wen Yuehui , Wen Xinqiao
Published: August 2019

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second leading cause of cancer‐related death among men in the United States, and its molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Recent studies have suggested that microRNAs may play an important role in cancer development and progression. By analyzing the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset, we found lower expression for miR‐488 in PCa than in normal tissues. Moreover, CCK‐8, EdU, glucose uptake, and lactate secrete assays revealed that overexpression of miR‐488 in PCa cell lines PC3 and DU145 resulted in inhibition of proliferation and glycolysis. In contrast, downregulation of miR‐488 expression promoted proliferation and glycolysis in PCa cells. Using a bioinformatic approach and dual‐luciferase reporter assays, we identified 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase, isoform3 (PFKFB3), as a direct target of miR‐488. Inhibition of PFKFB3 also suppressed PCa cell glycolysis and proliferation. Our study suggests that miR‐488 inhibits PCa cell proliferation and glycolysis by targeting PFKFB3, and thus, miR‐488 may be a novel therapeutic candidate for PCa.
Bridged Azobenzenes and Their Chemical Applications
Authors: Warner David J. , Keane Katie S. , Blackstock Silas C.
Published: August 2019

The ability of azobenzene and its derivatives to undergo reversible and rapid light‐induced isomerization has led to its incorporation in a wide variety of chemical systems that are photoswitchable between two or more states. Following a brief introduction to azobenzene properties and a section describing new methods for azobenzene switching, this chapter summarizes selected recent reports on a wide range of chemical applications of bridged azobenzene. New switchable materials and their applications include molecular machines, triggered catalysis, porous metal‐organic structures, phase‐change materials, and responsive surfaces. The chapter describes how researchers have tailored the azobenzene function and its environment to fine‐tune absorption characteristics, photophysics, isomerization dynamics, and energetics to enhance function. Collectively, the works reported in this chapter illustrate the broad utility of photochemical and molecular control of function afforded by the cis–trans isomerization of azobenzene.
The contagious impact of playing violent video games on aggression: Longitudinal evidence
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias
Published: August 2019

Meta‐analyses have shown that violent video game play increases aggression in the player. The present research suggests that violent video game play also affects individuals with whom the player is connected. A longitudinal study (N = 980) asked participants to report on their amount of violent video game play and level of aggression as well as how they perceive their friends and examined the association between the participant's aggression and their friends’ amount of violent video game play. As hypothesized, friends’ amount of violent video game play at Time 1 was associated with the participant's aggression at Time 2 even when controlling for the impact of the participant's aggression at Time 1. Mediation analyses showed that friends’ aggression at Time 1 accounted for the impact of friends’ amount of violent video game play at Time 1 on the participant's aggression at Time 2. These findings suggest that increased aggression in video game players has an impact on the player's social network.
Photopatternable Nanolayered Polymeric Films with Fast Tunable Color Responses Triggered by Humidity
Authors: Dong Ziye , Zhang Nan , Wang Yinggui , Wu Jiangyu , Gan Qiaoqiang , Li Wei
Published: August 2019

Smart surfaces that can dynamically respond to environmental stimuli have demonstrated great promise in wearable electronics and optical detectors. Herein, a photopatternable nanolayered polymeric film that can reversibly display and hide structural colors in the visible range in response to relative humidity (RH) changes is reported. This film is fabricated on a silicon substrate using layer‐by‐layer assembly of chitosan and photoreactive carboxymethyl cellulose‐azido derivative, and selectively crosslinked through UV irradiation from a photomask. Compared to crosslinked regions, un‐crosslinked ones swell more and result in a larger thickness at high RH; as a result, those two regions show distinguishable color differences. The correlation of displayed color with film thickness at various RHs is plotted in an International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity diagram, which is in good agreement with the results obtained from modeling based on the interference theory. It is demonstrated that the structural color patterns on the film can be hidden and displayed spontaneously by contact with humid air, including human breath. This humidity‐triggered color change is fast, of fine resolution, highly reversible, and compatible with most silicon‐based devices. This film is low‐cost, stable, and ready to be applied to large surface areas for potential applications in anticounterfeiting, humidity sensors, and optical color filters.
Memristive Synapses and Neurons for Bioinspired Computing
Authors: Yang Rui , Huang He‐Ming , Guo Xin
Published: August 2019

To realize highly efficient neuromorphic computing that is comparable to biological counterparts, bioinspired computing systems, consisting of biorealistic artificial synapses and neurons, are developed with memristive devices with native dynamics resembling biological synapses and neurons. Tremendous materials and devices have been successfully used to emulate diverse functions of synapses, as well as neurons, in the last decade. Herein, approaches to realize certain synaptic or neuronal functions are introduced with state‐of‐art experimental demonstrations. First, the dynamics and working principles of biological synapses and neurons are briefly presented to provide guidance for developing biorealistic synapses and neurons. Second, recent advances in the development of memristive synapses with homosynaptic and heterosynaptic plasticity are disscussed. In particular, approaches to realize the important learning rules, like spiking‐timing‐dependent plasticity and Bienenstock–Cooper–Munro learning rules, are elaborated according to the level of faithfulness to biological synapses. Memristive neurons, including bioplausible neurons and biophysical neurons, are described. Finally, challenges and perspectives for bioinspired computing based on memristive devices are briefly discussed.
Balanced Performance Enhancements of a‐InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors by Using All‐Amorphous Dielectric Multilayers Sandwiching High‐k CaCu3Ti4O12
Authors: Jung Ye Seul , Han Chan Su , Mohanty Bhaskar Chandra , Choi Hong je , Lee Jin Hyeok , Kim Hyun Jae , Cho Yong Soo
Published: August 2019

The requirements of low power consumption and fast operation have necessitated the development of thin film transistors (TFTs) with exploration of new dielectric materials. Here, the unprecedented integration of high‐κ dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12 is reported, yielding significant enhancements in the performance of amorphous InGaZnO TFTs. Using a multilayer structured amorphous Al2O3/CaCu3Ti4O12/Al2O3 dielectric configuration, the performance of the transistors is greatly improved as highlighted with high saturation mobility (>10 cm2 Vs−1), high on/off current ratio (3.8 × 107), low threshold voltage (≈0.51 V), and low subthreshold swing (≈0.45 V decade−1). The balanced performance enhancements are attributed to the lower density of interfacial/bulk trap states and sufficient band offsets.
Rational Design of Novel Catalysts with Atomic Layer Deposition for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Chen Zhangsen , Zhang Gaixia , Prakash Jai , Zheng Yi , Sun Shuhui
Published: August 2019

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the end products of fuel combustion and the major component of the greenhouse gases. The reduction of atmospheric CO2 not only decreases environmental pollution but also produces value‐added chemicals, solving energy and environment issues simultaneously. One significant challenge is the low conversion efficiency of CO2 reduction due to the inertness of the CO2 molecule. The design of the catalyst nanomaterials with the high selectivity, stability, and the activation capabilities for the conversion of CO2 is needed. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), capable of constructing catalysts with atomic‐level precision in a highly controllable manner, is a promising technique to address the key problems in CO2 reduction. This review explores the application of ALD in CO2 reduction, emphasizing the designs of the efficient catalyst nanomaterials fabricated by the ALD technique and their applications in CO2 reduction and capture. The significance of the ALD catalysts with the fine structures is highlighted to obtain a better understanding of the catalytic performance–aimed benefits as well as an outlook on the ALD‐designed catalysts for the reduction of CO2.
Tell it to Me Straight: The Benefits (and Struggles) of a Consumer‐driven Assessment Process
Authors: Kaufman Joy S. , Abraczinskas Michelle , Salusky Ida S.
Published: August 2019

Community‐based Participatory Research (CBPR), where consumers participate in the design and execution of an evaluation, holds promise for increasing the validity and usefulness of evaluations of services. However, there is no literature comparing methods and outcomes of studies conducted by professional evaluators with those conducted through a consumer‐driven evaluation process. We attempt to fill this gap by presenting the methods and results from a qualitative evaluation conducted by professional evaluators along with one conducted by a team of consumer researchers who engaged in a CBPR process. This paper includes: (a) methods, and findings that emerged from these evaluations each tasked with examining similar issues within the same community; (b) description of the process used to train the team of consumer researchers whose economic and educational backgrounds are different than most evaluators; and (c) lessons learned about how to prepare for and work with common barriers to implementing a CBPR evaluation.
Photoenzymatic Approaches in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Chen Jie , Guan Zhi , He Yan‐Hong
Published: August 2019

As a green yet challenging field, photoenzymatic catalysis has sprung up in the past few years but mainly in the context of photocatalytic in situ regeneration of cofactors to facilitate enzymes’ native functions. In addition to this, some unprecedented chemical transformations have recently been achieved via novel pathways wherein many important products are obtained in satisfactory yields, sometimes even with excellent enantioselectivity. In this review, we highlight the latest advances of photoenzymatic approaches in organic synthesis, however, photocatalytic in situ regeneration of cofactors for enzymes is not included.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C−H Cyanation of Arenes with p‐Toluenesulfonyl Cyanide
Authors: Liu Mingliang , You Erli , Cao Weiguo , Shi Jingjing
Published: August 2019

Here an efficient and versatile method for cyanation using p‐toluenesulfonyl cyanide as a safe “CN” source under Rh(III)‐catalysis has been successfully developed. The reaction tolerates various functional groups and allows the synthesis of a wide range of (hetero)aryl nitriles in moderate to good yield.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Conversion of Enol Triflates into Alkenyl Halides
Authors: Hofstra Julie L. , Poremba Kelsey E. , Shimozono Alex M. , Reisman Sarah E.
Published: August 2019

A Ni‐catalyzed halogenation of enol triflates was developed and it enables the synthesis of a broad range of alkenyl iodides, bromides, and chlorides under mild reaction conditions. The reaction utilizes inexpensive, bench‐stable Ni(OAc)2⋅4 H2O as a precatalyst and proceeds at room temperature in the presence of sub‐stoichiometric Zn and either 1,5‐cyclooctadiene or 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)pyridine.
Water hammer vibrations in pressurized water distribution system: Conceptual development of dynamic model and validation
Authors: Sankaranarayanan S  , Sivakumaran N  , Radhakrishnan T K  , Swaminathan G
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the dynamical behavior of water hammer (WH) caused vibrations by valve failures, and the corresponding impact of the vibrations over the water distribution system (WDS) is discussed. The existing mathematical model of WH is represented by partial Differential Equation (PDE) format, which is not compatible with the WDS model represented through Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). The existing PDE model does not account the rate of change of valve dynamics. Thus, to overcome the abovementioned intricacies, the PDE is converted to a set of ordinary differential equations, and the valve coefficient is incorporated in the model. The WDS that is considered in this context has storage tank in every consumer node too, with regulating valves at the terminal ends of the pipelines. Various modes of pipeline valve failures are created, and the corresponding effects propagating throughout the WDS are studied in control aspects. The corresponding mathematical model in each mode of operations are also obtained. The simulation studies show the uncertainties induced by WH that interrupts the nominal operation of the WDS.
Microwave devulcanization of ground tire rubber and applicability in SBR compounds
Authors: Simon Dániel Ábel , Pirityi Dávid , Tamás‐Bényei Péter , Bárány Tamás
Published: August 2019

Rubber recycling is a major environmental challenge, as their covalently crosslinked structure makes it impossible to reprocess via conventional polymer processing technologies. Devulcanization of rubber waste, whereby crosslinks are selectively broken, may provide a solution, as it allows it to be remolded into new shapes. We used two types of ground tire rubbers (GTRs) for this study; mechanically ground and waterjet‐milled GTRs with different particle sizes. First, we revealed the effects of GTR particle size on the devulcanization process. We examined the sol content of the samples before and after devulcanization with two different microwave ovens, a power‐controlled conventional one, and a temperature‐controlled laboratory oven. In the latter one, heating rate and maximum temperature were controlled. We studied the effects of temperature, atmosphere in which the rubber was treated, heating rate, and holding time at maximum temperature. We prepared styrene‐butadiene rubber‐based rubber compounds containing GTR and optimally devulcanized GTR (dGTR_WJ). The physical and mechanical properties of the samples were assessed. The results indicate that both GTR_WJ and dGTR_WJ have an accelerating and a mildly softening effect on curing and dGTR_WJ has a less significant negative effect on mechanical properties: 15 phr GTR_WJ has the same effect as 45 phr dGTR_WJ. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48351.
Evaluation of physicochemical, thermomechanical, and structural properties of chickpea flour composite films reinforced with crystalline nanocellulose
Authors: Maftoonazad Neda , Badii Fojan , Mohamed Amal , Ramaswamy Hosahalli
Published: August 2019

Chickpea flour–crystalline nano‐cellulose (CNC) composite films were prepared using chickpea flour as the film forming material, glycerol as the plasticizer and 2.5 to 10% CNC as reinforcement supplement. Mechanical properties of the composite films increased with an increase in the CNC content up to 5%. By inclusion of CNC up to 10%, the storage modulus of chickpea flour matrix increased by an order of magnitude from 7.3 to 86.4 MPa. The storage modulus of all samples, on the other hand, decreased as temperature increased. The Tg values measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were shifted toward higher temperatures by the addition of CNC. The creep resistance of chickpea flour films increased again up to 5% added CNC, and strain sweep tests confirmed the extension of linear viscoelastic region. X‐ ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a positive correlation between the degree of crystallinity of chickpea flour composties and CNC content. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the molecular interaction between chickpea flour, glycerol and CNC. SEM results revealed agglomeration in the structure of the film with the addition of CNC beyond 5% and diminishing of surface homogeneity, while decreasing the pore size of chickpea flour matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48389.
New microsatellite markers for Xerophyta dasylirioides (Velloziaceae), an endemic species on Malagasy inselbergs
Authors: Rexroth Juliane , Krebes Lukas , Wöhrmann Tina , Harpke Dörte , Rabarimanarivo Marina , Phillipson Peter , Weising Kurt , Porembski Stefan
Published: August 2019

Premise

Microsatellite markers were developed for Xerophyta dasylirioides (Velloziaceae), a species endemic to the Malagasy inselbergs, to explore the impact of its island‐like distribution on genetic diversity and gene flow.

Methods and Results

A total of 7110 perfect microsatellite loci were recovered by shotgun sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform. Primer pairs were designed for 40 arbitrarily selected loci. Fifteen primer pairs that generated distinct PCR products were used to genotype 80 individuals of X. dasylirioides from three inselberg populations. All markers were polymorphic, revealing two to 17 alleles in the overall sampling. Levels of observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from zero to 1.000 and from zero to 0.850, respectively. Success rates of cross‐amplification in 10 additional species of Xerophyta (X. croatii, X. decaryi, X. isaloensis, X. labatii, X. lewisiae, X. pinifolia, X. retinervis, X. setosa, X. spekei, X. tulearensis) ranged from zero to 70%.

Conclusions

Fifteen newly developed microsatellite markers provide a toolkit for assessing population genetic parameters of X. dasylirioides in its unique island‐like habitats.
Design, synthesis, and molecular docking studies of novel pyrazolyl 2‐aminopyrimidine derivatives as HSP90 inhibitors
Authors: Mettu Akhila , Talla Venu , Bajaj Deepti Madanlal , Subhashini Naikal James Prameela
Published: August 2019

A series of novel pyrazolyl 2‐aminopyrimidine derivatives (7a‐t) were designed based on scaffold hopping techniques, synthesized and biologically evaluated for their HSP90 inhibition and anticancer activity. Several compounds exhibited potent HSP90 inhibition with IC50 values less than that of the reference standard 17‐AAG (1.25 µM). The most potent compound 7t displayed excellent HSP90 inhibition with an IC50 of 20 nM and in vitro antiproliferative potential against three cancer cell lines (IC50 < 5 µM). 7t also induced dose dependent degradation of client proteins (pHER2 and pERK1/2) in Western blot analysis. Several structural features of 7p‐t oriented the molecules to retain all the essential binding interactions with HSP90, as observed by rationalized docking studies. Therefore, the para‐nitrophenyl ring on the central pyrazole ring along with the 2‐amino group on the pyrimidine ring are the crucial features in the development of novel HSP90 inhibitors based on this scaffold for targeted anticancer therapy.
Cheating: One common morality for gains and losses but two components of morality itself
Authors: Markiewicz Łukasz , Czupryna Marcin
Published: August 2019

Previous studies show that decision makers (DMs) lie more to avoid a loss than achieve a gain. Two compelling mechanisms might explain this observation. One assumes that lying is a risky activity and relates to the shape of the monetary value function described by prospect theory, which assumes (a) increased risk taking for loss frames and (b) an asymmetry between the perceived values of losses and gains. The other relates to the importance of self‐esteem functions as expressed in self‐concept maintenance models, self‐esteem issues being weighed against monetary issues. This alternative explanation assumes that a loss frame serves as a factor lowering moral considerations. We report an experimental study presenting sets of lotteries to DMs, once in a moral context and once in a traditional probabilistic context. The results show that DMs take less risk when lotteries are presented in a moral context. It is also shown that DMs take more risk for losses than gains, this holding for both the moral and probabilistic contexts. This latter result suggests that loss/gain asymmetry can be completely explained by prospect theory factors, and framing makes no difference to the valuing of moral considerations.
Comparative study of two cephalosporin antibiotics binding to calf thymus DNA by multispectroscopy, electrochemistry, and molecular docking
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Chao , Cheng Li‐Yang , Yang Jing , Hu Yan‐Jun
Published: August 2019

The over‐use of antibiotics has caused a number of problems such as contamination of antibiotic residues and virus resistance, and therefore has attracted global attention. In this study, spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking were employed to predict conformational changes and binding interaction between two cephalosporins (cefaclor and cefixime) and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA). Fluorescence and UV–vis spectra suggested that static quenching was predominant and cephalosporin bound to the groove region of ctDNA. Binding parameters calculated by the Stern–Volmer and Scatchard equations showed that cephalosporin bound to ctDNA with a binding affinity in the order of 103 L mol−1. Thermodynamic parameters further indicated that the reaction was a spontaneous process driven by enthalpy and entropy, and that the main binding force was an electrostatic force. The effects of iodide, denaturant, thermal denaturation and pH on a cephalosporin–Hoechst–DNA complex were also studied, and the results confirmed that cephalosporin bound to the groove area of DNA. Finally, these results were further confirmed by molecular docking and electrochemical studies.
Development of QSAR Model for Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Using Random Forest Regression Method
Authors: Shin Jae Hong , Lee Byeong Hun , Lee Sung Kwang
Published: August 2019

Subchronic inhalation toxicity assessment is mainly used to evaluate both workers and occupational risk. Since the assessment requires repeated experiment of chemical exposure to model animals, this type of studies is laborious and expensive. Computational methods for estimating toxicity play an increasingly important role in assessing toxicity of chemicals. They not only predict toxicity of chemicals but can also analyze molecular features of a chemical causing toxic effect. Here we present a computational model to predict the subchronic inhalation toxicity. We retrieved repeated dose inhalation toxicity information and chemicals from OECD eChemPortal website and compile 143 chemical compounds with NOAEC (No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration) values. The random forest regression approach has been applied to learn inhalation toxicity data using a number of molecular descriptors, such as physicochemical properties and fingerprints. Recursive feature selection with nested cross‐validation was applied to efficiently select essential molecular features. In results, we successfully obtained a model performing with r
2ext = 0.70 and RMSEext = 0.74 for external set.
Safety expert shares insights for boosting campus threat assessment, management
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: August 2019

In the year and a half leading up to the April 2007 tragedy at Virginia Tech, many members of the campus community had been separately documenting their concerns about the student who eventually ended up shooting and killing 32 students and faculty members. But without a central system to gather, track, or communicate all of these separate documentations from departments all across the campus, it was impossible to recognize and assess what could've been a preventable threat. And that's a common gap in many instances of violence on campuses throughout the country. But it doesn't have to be that way on your campus.
Clinical relevance of ticagrelor monotherapy following 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy after bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention: Insight from GLOBAL LEADERS trial
Authors: Kogame Norihiro , Chichareon Ply , De Wilder Kenneth , Takahashi Kuniaki , Modolo Rodrigo , Chang Chun Chin , Tomaniak Mariusz , Komiyama Hidenori , Chieffo Alaide , Colombo Antonio , Garg Scot , Louvard Yves , Jüni Peter , G. Steg Philippe , Hamm Christian , Vranckx Pascal , Valgimigli Marco , Windecker Stephan , Stoll Hans‐Peter , Onuma Yoshinobu , Janssens Luc , Serruys Patrick W.
Published: August 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ticagrelor monotherapy following 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for bifurcation lesions.

Methods

GLOBAL LEADERS was a randomized, superiority, all‐comers trial comparing 1‐month DAPT with ticagrelor and aspirin followed by 23‐month ticagrelor monotherapy (experimental treatment) with standard 12‐month DAPT followed by 12‐month aspirin monotherapy (reference treatment) in patients treated with a biolimus A9‐eluting stent. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause death or new Q‐wave myocardial infarction (MI) at 2 years.

Results

Among the 15,845 patients included in this subgroup analysis, 2,498 patients (15.8%) underwent PCI for at least one bifurcation lesion. The incidence of the primary endpoint was similar between the bifurcation and nonbifurcation groups (4.7 vs. 4.0%, p = .083). The experimental treatment had no significant effect on the primary endpoint according to the presence/absence of a bifurcation lesion (bifurcation: hazard ratio [HR]: 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–1.07; nonbifurcation: HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.76–1.07, p for interaction = .343), but was associated with significant reduction in definite or probable stent thrombosis (p for interaction = .022) and significant excess of stroke (p for interaction = .018) when compared with the reference treatment.

Conclusions

After PCI for bifurcation lesions using 1‐month of DAPT followed by ticagrelor monotherapy for 23 months did not demonstrate explicit benefit regarding all‐cause death or new Q‐wave MI as in the overall trial.
Percutaneous coronary intervention and in‐hospital outcomes in patients with leukemia: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Potts Jessica , Mohamed Mohamed O. , Lopez Mattei Juan C. , Iliescu Cezar A. , Konopleva Marina , Rashid Muhammad , Bagur Rodrigo , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To examine the association between current leukemia diagnosis and in‐hospital clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the United States.

Background

Leukemia is the most common hematological malignancy and is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic and bleeding complications in patients undergoing PCI. There are limited data around clinical outcomes of leukemia patients undergoing PCI.

Methods

We used the National Inpatient Sample to investigate the outcomes of leukemia patients undergoing PCI between 2004 and 2014. Patients were then subdivided into diagnoses of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoid leukemia or chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL). Multiple logistic regressions were used to study the association of a leukemia diagnosis with in‐hospital outcomes: mortality, bleeding, vascular and cardiac complications, and stroke.

Results

There were 6,561,445 records of patients who underwent PCI during the study time, of which 15,789 patients had a diagnosis of leukemia. The most common leukemia subtype was CLL accounting for 75% of the cohort (n = 10,800). After multivariable adjustment, a leukemia diagnosis was associated with significantly increased odds of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.11–1.79]) and bleeding (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: [1.56–2.09]), whereas patients with AML had a fivefold increase of in‐hospital mortality (OR: 5.38; 95% CI: [2.94–9.76]).

Conclusions

Patients with current diagnosis of leukemia are at increased risk of procedure‐related complications following PCI. A multidisciplinary approach is needed among interventional cardiologists, oncologists, and hematologists to minimize procedural complications and improve outcomes in this high‐risk cohort.
Anisotropic Nanoporous Nickel Obtained through the Chemical Dealloying of Y2Ni7 for the Comprehension of Anode Surface Chemistry of Ni‐MH Batteries
Authors: Madern Nicolas , Monnier Judith , Cachet‐Vivier Christine , Zhang Junxian , Bastide Stéphane , Paul‐Boncour Valérie , Latroche Michel
Published: August 2019

For the first time, the nickel layer formed during the corrosion of intermetallic alloys with a stacked structure has been isolated. This nickel layer has been produced by chemical dealloying of Y2Ni7 through a corrosion process in alkaline medium. This anisotropic and nanoporous phase has been fully characterized regarding its morphology, chemical and structural properties, as well as its electrochemical behavior. The metallic phase is made of interconnected nanocrystalline cubic nickel, showing preferential orientation and nanopores. A cavity microelectrode has been used in addition to classical methods using bulk electrodes for electrochemical investigations of the layer. This full characterization is of primary importance to better understand the behavior of metallic anodes in Ni‐MH batteries upon cycling and to ensure a longer lifetime.
Dual Binding Mode of Metallacarborane Produces a Robust Shield on Proteins
Authors: Fuentes Isabel , Pujols Jordi , Viñas Clara , Ventura Salvador , Teixidor Francesc
Published: August 2019

An inorganic sandwich molecule, Na[Co(C2B9H11)2], able to produce vesicles through self‐assembly and known to produce strong dihydrogen‐bond interactions with amine groups is capable of interacting with proteins. This dual non‐bonding ability of Na[Co(C2B9H11)2] is what makes this molecule unique: it can be firmly anchored to a protein surface and is capable of extending over it. To prove this, the widely available bovine serum albumin (BSA), which has many pendant amino groups in its structure, has been taken as the model protein. It has been found that around 100 molecules of Na[Co(C2B9H11)2] preserve the native structure of BSA, while endorsing it with a significantly increased stability with respect to chemical‐ and thermal‐induced denaturation due to efficient encapsulation. The advantages of this encapsulation technique are two‐fold; the first is its simplicity as it relies on the anchoring capacity of Na[Co(C2B9H11)2] to the surface of the protein through the amine‐containing residues and the second is its self‐assembling capacity allowing it to spread across the surface. The dense shield of protection offered by Na[Co(C2B9H11)2] has been demonstrated by the inhibition of BSA pseudo‐esterase activity, which indicates that the inorganic corset around BSA protects its reactive surface residues, thereby preventing their acetylation.
Performance of an artificial intelligence algorithm for reporting urine cytopathology
Authors: Sanghvi Adit B. , Allen Erastus Z. , Callenberg Keith M. , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: August 2019

Background

Unlike Papanicolaou tests, there are no commercially available computer‐assisted automated screening systems for urine specimens. Despite The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology, there still is poor interobserver agreement with urine cytology and many cases in which a definitive diagnosis cannot be made. In the current study, the authors have reported on the development of an image algorithm that applies computational methods to digitized liquid‐based urine cytology slides.

Methods

A total of 2405 archival ThinPrep glass slides, including voided and instrumented urine cytology cases, were digitized. A deep learning computational pipeline with multiple tiers of convolutional neural network models was developed for processing whole slide images (WSIs) and predicting diagnoses. The algorithm was validated using a separate test data set comprised of consecutive cases encountered in routine clinical practice.

Results

There were 1.9 million urothelial cells analyzed. An average of 5400 urothelial cells were identified in each WSI. The algorithm achieved an area under the curve of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83‐0.93). Using the optimal operating point, the algorithm's sensitivity was 79.5% (95% CI, 64.7%‐90.2%) and the specificity was 84.5% (95% CI, 81.6%‐87.1%) for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma.

Conclusions

The authors successfully developed a computational algorithm capable of accurately analyzing WSIs of urine cytology cases. Compared with prior studies, this effort used a much larger data set, exploited whole slide–level and not just cell‐level features, and used a cell gallery to display the algorithm's output for easy end‐user review. This algorithm provides computer‐assisted interpretation of urine cytology cases, akin to the machine learning technology currently used for automated Papanicolaou test screening.
Detection of Organic Vapors Using Tamm Mode Based Devices Built from Mesoporous Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Sansierra M. Constanza , Morrone Josefina , Cornacchiulo Franco , Fuertes M. Cecilia , Angelomé Paula C.
Published: August 2019

In this work, Tamm mode based devices were synthesized using mesoporous thin films as building blocks. Several systems were designed and built, based on silicon and titanium mesoporous oxides obtained through amphiphilic molecules templating approach. The devices were evaluated for organic vapor detection and the obtained results demonstrate that the developed Tamm devices can be used for such purpose. Distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) were also synthesized and evaluated as a comparison. In both cases, the detection of organic vapors is possible thanks to capillary condensation inside the well‐ordered and accessible porosity that give rise to equivalent results to the ones obtained for the detection of liquids. Both kinds of devices behave in a similar way, but the figure of merit for the Tamm mode based ones is between two and three times larger due to the smaller width of the sensitive band. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the response time of the sensor is less than 80 s in all tested cases. In addition, such parameter clearly depends on both the physicochemical characteristics of the solvents (in particular, boiling temperature and vapor pressure) and the characteristics of the sensor itself. The results presented in this work represent a proof of concept towards the production of robust and reusable detection devices based on the combination of functional mesoporous thin films and the Tamm mode.
When you go low, I go high: Negative coordination of physiological synchrony among parents and children
Authors: Creavy Kristine L. , Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa M. , Zhang Xutong , Fishbein Diana , Kiser Laurel J.
Published: August 2019

The parent–child relationship is an important context for children's emotional development. The current study assessed 43 parent–child dyads while watching a positive film clip and a negative film clip, in order to examine whether partner's physiological reactivity demonstrated dyadic synchrony, and whether this was associated with children's prosocial empathy. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia was measured in both caretakers and children (ages 9–14) and a continuous time series was estimated in order to maximize temporal resolution of physiological dynamics. Dyads varied in both the magnitude and direction of synchrony, with correlation coefficients ranging from moderately negative; r = −.44 (increases in one partner correspond to decreases in the other), to moderately positive; r = .55 (increases in one partner correspond to increases in the other). For both conditions, negative synchrony was correlated with higher child‐reported empathy. For the negative mood condition, this effect was moderated by caretaker's emotional acceptance such that positive synchrony was associated with lower levels of empathy among dyads in which caretaker emotional acceptance was lower. These results suggest that positive physiological synchrony during a negative mood condition may not be adaptive for children when their caretaker lacks the skills to appropriately socialize their child's emotional development.
Liraglutide combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation inhibits beta‐cell apoptosis via mediating the ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway in rats with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Rong Dan , Chen Pin , Xu Xiang Jin , Shi Xiao Zhi , Huang Li Hong , Shao Zhu Lin , Guo Wen
Published: August 2019

Objective

Accumulating evidence suggests an association between beta‐cell apoptosis and the ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combined therapy of liraglutide and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC‐MSCs) on the glucose metabolism and islet beta‐cell apoptosis, and further explore its relationship to the ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway.

Method

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model was induced by a high‐sugar and high‐fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of low‐dose streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg). Three days after STZ injection, diabetic rats were randomly treated with subcutaneous injection of liraglutide (200 μg/kg/12 h) for 8 weeks and or hUC‐MSCs (1 × 106/rat) at the first and fifth weeks. Diabetes‐related physical and biochemical parameters, pancreatic histopathological changes, immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were used to measure the expression of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), Bcl‐2 associated X protein (BAX), and B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2).

Results

Eight weeks after liraglutide or human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell administration, FPG, HbA1c, glucagon, body weight, and pancreatic ASK1, JNK, and BAX mRNA and proteins were significantly decreased, and the levels of serum C‐p, INS and GLP‐1, ratio of insulin positive area, and Bcl‐2 expression were significantly increased in three treatment groups compared with T2DM group (P<.05).

Conclusion

Liraglutide combined with hUC‐MSCs improve glucose metabolism and inhibit islet beta‐cell apoptosis in a ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway‐dependent manner.
Electrochemical Detection of Guanine‐methylation Using Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Mendes Carlos H. S. , Montenegro João G. S. , Queiroz Nathalia L. , Moreira Thayane C. S. , Nascimento Valberes B. , Oliveira Severino Carlos B.
Published: August 2019

This work presents a study of the electrochemical oxidation of 7‐methylguanine (7‐mGua) in aqueous solution at glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry. The anodic behaviour of 7‐mGua was compared with the electro‐oxidation of guanine and 7‐methylguanosine. The results demonstrated that the methyl and ribose groups are not electroactive but strongly influence the oxidation mechanism of these species. The oxidation of 7‐mGua occurred in a single pH‐dependent step, with the withdrawal of two electrons and two protons of C8, to form 8‐oxo‐7‐methylguanine, while the electro‐oxidation of 7‐methylguanosine also occurred in a single pH‐dependent step, however, with the withdrawal of one electron and one proton of C8 to form a hydroxylated product, since its oxidation to 8‐oxo‐7‐methylguanosine is hindered by the presence of the pendant groups. In addition, the oxidation of 7‐mGua was investigated in the presence of DNA and DNA‐bases, leading to the conclusion that the formation of 7‐mGua, from an interaction of DNA with an alkylating agent, would cause an increase on the deoxyguanosine peak current of the DNA‐biosensor, with no interference of any free DNA bases, which demonstrated that DNA‐electrochemical biosensors find application on detecting DNA methylation, opening a new avenue for applications of DNA biosensors.
Electrochemical Determination and in silico Studies of Fludarabine on NH2 Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Dogan‐Topal Burcu , Bakirhan Nurgul K. , Tok Tugba Taskin , Ozkan Sibel A.
Published: August 2019

A sensitive voltammetric technique has been developed for the determination of Fludarabine using amine‐functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (NH2‐MWCNTs/GCE). Molecular dynamics simulations, an in silico technique, were employed to examine the properties including chemical differences of Fludarabine‐ functionalized MWCNT complexes. The redox behavior of Fludarabine was examined by cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry in a wide pH range. Cyclic voltammetric investigations emphasized that Fludarabine is irreversibly oxidized at the NH2‐MWCNTs/GCE. The electrochemical behavior of Fludarabine was also studied by cyclic voltammetry to evaluate both the kinetic (ks and Ea) and thermodynamic (ΔH, ΔG and ΔS) parameters on NH2‐MWCNTs/GCE at several temperatures. The mixed diffusion‐adsorption controlled electrochemical oxidation of Fludarabine revealed by studies at different scan rates. The experimental parameters, such as pulse amplitude, frequency, deposition potential optimized for square‐wave voltammetry. Under optimum conditions in phosphate buffer (pH 2.0), a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 2×10−7 M–4×10−6 M solution using adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated 2.9×10−8 M and 9.68×10−8 M, respectively. The developed method was applied to the simple and rapid determination of Fludarabine from pharmaceutical formulations.
Hedging performance of multiscale hedge ratios
Authors: Sultan Jahangir , Alexandridis Antonios K. , Hasan Mohammad , Guo Xuxi
Published: August 2019

In this study, the wavelet multiscale model is applied to selected assets to hedge time‐dependent exposure of an agent with a preference for a certain hedging horizon. Based on the in‐sample and out‐of‐sample portfolio variances, the wavelet‐based generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model produces the lowest variances. From a utility standpoint, wavelet networks combined with GARCH have the highest utility. Finally, the wavelet‐GARCH model has the lowest minimum capital risk requirements. Overall, the wavelet GARCH and wavelet networks offer improvements over traditional hedging models.
Immune Exhaustion of T Cells in Alveolar Echinococcosis Patients and Its Reversal by Blocking Checkpoint Receptor TIGIT in a Murine Model
Authors: Zhang Chuanshan , Lin Renyong , Li Zhide , Yang Shuting , Bi Xiaojuan , Wang Hui , Aini Abudusalamu , Zhang Ning , Abulizi Abuduaini , Sun Cheng , Li Liang , Zhao Zhibin , Qin Rongde , Li Xiaohong , Li Liang , Aji Tuerganaili , Shao Yingmei , Vuitton Dominique A. , Tian Zhigang , Wen Hao
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims

The cestode Echinococcus multilocularis infection, a serious health problem worldwide, causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a tumor‐like disease predominantly located in the liver and able to spread to any organs. Until now, there have been few studies that explore how T‐cell exhaustion contributes to the parasite’s escape from immune attack and how it might be reversed.

Approach and Results

In this study, we found that liver T‐cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) expression was significantly enhanced and positively correlated with lesion activity in AE patients. High TIGIT expression in both liver‐infiltrating and blood T cells was associated with their functional exhaustion, and its ligand CD155 was highly expressed by hepatocytes surrounding the infiltrating lymphocytes. In co‐culture experiments using human blood T cells and hepatic cell line HL‐7702, CD155 induced functional impairment of TIGIT+ T cells, and in vitro blockade with TIGIT antibody restored the function of AE patients’ T cells. Similar TIGIT‐related functional exhaustion of hepatic T cells and an abundant CD155 expression on hepatocytes were observed in E. multilocularis–infected mice. Importantly, in vivo blocking TIGIT prevented T‐cell exhaustion and inhibited disease progression in E. multilocularis–infected mice. Mechanistically, CD4+ T cells were totally and CD8+ T cells partially required for anti‐TIGIT–induced regression of parasite growth in mice.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that E. multilocularis can induce T‐cell exhaustion through inhibitory receptor TIGIT, and that blocking this checkpoint may reverse the functional impairment of T cells and represent a possible approach to immunotherapy against AE.
Novel Lipid Long Intervening Noncoding RNA, Oligodendrocyte Maturation‐Associated Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA, Regulates the Liver Steatosis Gene Stearoyl‐Coenzyme A Desaturase As an Enhancer RNA
Authors: Benhammou Jihane N. , Ko Arthur , Alvarez Marcus , Kaikkonen Minna U. , Rankin Carl , Garske Kristina M. , Padua David , Bhagat Yash , Kaminska Dorota , Kärjä Vesa , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Pisegna Joseph R. , Pajukanta Päivi
Published: August 2019

The global obesity epidemic is driving the concomitant rise in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To identify new genes involved in central liver functions, we examined liver RNA‐sequence data from 259 patients who underwent morbidly obese bariatric surgery. Of these patients, 84 had normal liver histology, 40 simple steatosis, 43 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and the remaining 92 patients had varying degrees of NAFLD based on liver histology. We discovered oligodendrocyte maturation‐associated long intergenic noncoding RNA (OLMALINC), a long intervening noncoding RNA (lincRNA) in a human liver co‐expression network (n = 75 genes) that was strongly associated with statin use and serum triglycerides (TGs). OLMALINC liver expression was highly correlated with the expression of known cholesterol biosynthesis genes and stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase (SCD). SCD is the rate‐limiting enzyme in monounsaturated fatty acids and a key TG gene that is known to be up‐regulated in liver steatosis and NAFLD and resides adjacent to OLMALINC on the human chromosome 10q24.31. Next, we functionally demonstrated that OLMALINC regulates SCD as an enhancer‐RNA (eRNA), thus describing the first lincRNA that functions as an eRNA to regulate lipid metabolism. Specifically, we show that OLMALINC promotes liver expression of SCD in cis through regional chromosomal DNA–DNA looping interactions. Conclusion: The primate‐specific lincRNA OLMALINC is a novel epigenetic regulator of the key TG and NAFLD gene SCD.