bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of a real-time PCR approach for diagnosing Schistosoma haematobium infections of different intensity in urine samples from Zanzibar
Authors: Keller Dominique , Rothen Julian , Dangy Jean-Pierre , Saner Corina , Daubenberger Claudia , Allan Fiona , Ame Shaali M. , Ali Said M. , Kabole Fatma , Hattendorf Jan , Rollinson David , Seyfarth Ralf , Knopp Stefanie
Published: September 2020

Background

Efforts to control and eliminate schistosomiasis have accelerated over the past decade. As parasite burden, associated morbidity and egg excretion decrease, diagnosis with standard parasitological methods becomes harder. We assessed the robustness and performance of a real-time PCR (qPCR) approach in comparison with urine filtration microscopy and reagent strip testing for the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infections of different intensities.

Methods

The robustness of DNA isolation and qPCR was validated in eight laboratories from Europe and Africa. Subsequently, 792 urine samples collected during cross-sectional surveys of the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission (ZEST) project in 2012–2017 were examined with qPCR in 2018. Diagnostic sensitivity of the qPCR was calculated at different infection intensity categories, using urine filtration microscopy as reference test. Spearman’s rank correlation between Ct-values and S. haematobium egg counts was assessed and Ct-value percentiles for infection intensity categories determined.

Results

S. haematobium Dra1 DNA-positive samples were identified correctly in all eight laboratories. Examination of urine samples from Zanzibar revealed Dra1 DNA in 26.8% (212/792) by qPCR, S. haematobium eggs in 13.3% (105/792) by urine filtration, and microhaematuria in 13.8% (109/792) by reagent strips. Sensitivity of the qPCR increased with augmenting egg counts: 80.6% (29/36) for counts between 1 and 4 eggs, 83.3% (15/18) for counts between 5 and 9 eggs, 100% (23/23) for counts between 10 and 49 eggs, and 96.4% (27/28) for counts of 50+ eggs. There was a significant negative correlation between Ct-values and egg counts (Spearman’s rho = − 0.49, P < 0.001). Seventy-five percent of the Ct-values were ≥ 33 in the egg-negative category, < 31 in the light intensity category, and < 24 in the heavy intensity category.

Conclusions

While the sensitivity of the qPCR was ~ 80% for very light intensity infections (egg counts < 10), in general, the Dra1 based qPCR assay detected twice as many S. haematobium infections compared with classical parasitological tests. The qPCR is hence a sensitive, urine-based approach for S. haematobium diagnosis that can be used for impact assessment of schistosomiasis elimination programmes, individual diagnosis, and in improved format also for verification and certification of elimination.

Trial registration

ISRCTN, ISRCTN48837681. Registered 05 September 2012 - Retrospectively registered.
Mental health interventions for adolescents living with HIV or affected by HIV in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review
Authors: Bhana Arvin , Abas Melanie Amna , Kelly Jane , van Pinxteren Myrna , Mudekunye Lynette Alice , Pantelic Marija
Published: September 2020

Background

Mental health difficulties and mental disorders are common in adolescents living with HIV or who are affected by HIV because of living in HIV-affected households in low- and middle-income (LMICs) countries, but little is known about the interventions that target these individuals and whether they are effective.

Aims

This systematic review aims to address these gaps by examining what has worked and what has not worked to support the mental health of adolescents living with HIV or affected by HIV in low- and middle-income contexts (PROSPERO Number: CRD42018103269).

Method

A systematic literature review of online databases from the year 2000 to 2018, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, included English-language publications of quantitative evaluations of psychosocial interventions aiming to improve mental health among adolescents living with HIV and adolescents from HIV-affected households (aged 10–24 years) in LMICs.

Results

Out of 2956 articles, 16 studies from 8 LMICs met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies focused on adolescents affected by HIV and only three studies on adolescents living with HIV. Only five studies included were from Sub-Saharan Africa. Interventions most often used a family-strengthening approach strengthening caregiver–adolescent relationships and communication and some problem-solving in groups or individually. Five studies reported statistically significant changes in adolescent and caregiver mental health or mental well-being, five among adolescents only and two among caregivers only.

Conclusions

Research on what works to improve mental health in adolescents living with HIV in LMIC is in its nascent stages. Family-based interventions and economic strengthening show promise.
Clinicopathologic Features Predictive of Distant Metastasis in Patients Diagnosed With Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Ali Basim , Mubarik Fatima , Zahid Nida , Sattar Abida K.
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE

National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines suggest screening for distant metastasis (M1) in symptomatic patients or those with locally advanced breast cancer. These guidelines are based on studies that often used pathologic staging for analysis. Physician variability in screening for M1 has also resulted in overuse of diagnostic tests. We sought to identify clinicopathologic features at diagnosis that could guide testing for metastatic disease.

METHODS

Patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between January 2014 and December 2015 were identified from our institutional database. Demographic and clinical variables were collected, including receptor profiles and clinical TNM staging. Rates of upstaging for each clinical stage and rates of concordance of pathologic and clinical staging were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis ( P < .05) identified predictors of upstaging to stage IV disease.

RESULTS

A total of 370 patients met the inclusion criteria. Seventy patients (18.9%) had metastatic disease at diagnosis. The rate of upstaging for stages I, IIA, IIB, and III were 0%, 5.6%, 18.8%, and 36.6%, respectively. Advancing clinical stage, tumor size, and nodal status resulted in a significantly higher rate ( P < .001) of upstaging to M1 disease. Age and hormone receptor status were not associated with upstaging to stage IV disease. Clinical stages I-III were concordant with pathologic staging in 65(42.8%) of 152 patients (kappa’s index, 0.197; P < .000).

CONCLUSION

Advancing clinical stage, tumor size, and nodal status at diagnosis were predictive of upstaging to M1 disease in patients with breast cancer. Distant metastatic workup should be considered in patients with clinical stage IIB disease or higher.
Ultrasound Characterization of Disordered Antral Follicle Development in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Jarrett Brittany Y , Vanden Brink Heidi , Oldfield Alexis L , Lujan Marla E
Published: September 2020

Context

The mechanism of oligo-anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unknown.

Objectives

To evaluate follicular and endocrine characteristics of anovulatory and sporadic ovulatory cycles in women with PCOS.

Design

Prospective, longitudinal study.

Setting

Academic clinical research unit.

Participants

26 reproductive-aged women (18-38 years) with PCOS, observed during natural anovulatory (PCOS-Anov; n = 12) and sporadic ovulatory cycles (PCOS-Ov; n = 14), and 12 controls.

Interventions

Transvaginal ultrasonography and venipuncture were performed every other day for 4 to 6 weeks in women with PCOS or at 1 interovulatory interval in control subjects.

Main Outcome Measures

Follicle number and diameter (ie, ≥2 mm) were quantified at each visit. Individual growth profiles were assessed for all follicles that grew to ≥7 mm. Blood samples were assayed for follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone.

Results

Follicular excess, or heightened follicle number versus controls, was observed across anovulatory and sporadic ovulatory cycles in PCOS. In PCOS-Anov, follicles emerged cyclically in some women (6/12; 50%) and continuously in others (6/12; 50%), then grew to a mean maximum diameter of 7.2 mm and regressed within 4.7 days. In PCOS-Ov, follicles mostly emerged cyclically as part of a cohort and dominant follicles showed normal growth to ovulation—albeit mean and maximum luteal progesterone concentrations were significantly lower versus controls.

Conclusions

Follicle growth and regression were detected on ultrasonography amidst perpetual follicular excess in PCOS. Documentation of continuous follicle recruitment and turnover, the absence of persistence, and altered luteal progesterone following sporadic ovulation, provide formative data on antral follicle development in PCOS.
Resistance Exercise Dosage in Men with Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression
Authors: LOPEZ PEDRO , TAAFFE DENNIS R. , NEWTON ROBERT U. , GALVÃO DANIEL A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Resistance exercise improves an array of treatment-related adverse effects in men with prostate cancer; however, the minimal dosage required is unknown. We systematically reviewed the resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients to determine the minimal dosage regarding the exercise components (type, duration, volume, and intensity) on body composition, physical function, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and prostate-specific antigen.

Methods

Using PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined prostate cancer patients undertaking resistance-based exercise programs during or after treatment. Meta-analysis was undertaken when more than three studies were included. Associations between mean differences and exercise components were tested by univariate and multivariate meta-regression analysis.

Results

Twenty-three articles describing 21 trials and involving 1748 prostate cancer patients were included. Exercise improved fat mass (−1% in body fat and −0.6 kg in fat mass), lean mass (~0.5 kg in lean and appendicular lean mass), functional capacity (i.e., chair rise, 400-m test, 6-m fast walk, and stair climb tests), and fitness outcomes (i.e., V̇O2peak and muscle strength) (P = 0.040–<0.001) with no change in body mass index or prostate-specific antigen (P = 0.440–0.735). Meta-regression indicated no association between exercise type, resistance training duration, weekly volume and intensity, and primary outcomes (P = 0.075–0.965). There was a significant association between exercise intensity and chest press muscle strength (favoring moderate intensity, P = 0.012), but not in other secondary outcomes.

Conclusion

In untrained older men with prostate cancer initiating an exercise program, lower volume at moderate to high intensity is as effective as higher volume resistance training for enhancing body composition, functional capacity, and muscle strength in the short term. A low exercise dosage may help reduce barriers to exercise and enhance adherence.
Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in Improving Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Health and Disease: A Meta-analysis
Authors: MATTIONI MATURANA FELIPE , MARTUS PETER , ZIPFEL STEPHAN , NIEß ANDREAS M.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

We aimed to investigate differences between high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, including high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, insulin and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function.

Methods

Differences between HIIE and MICT were summarized using a random-effects meta-analysis on the effect size (Cohen’s d). A meta-regression was conducted using the following subgroups: population, age, training duration, men ratio, exercise type, baseline values (clinical relevant ranges), and type of HIIE. Studies were included if at least one of the following outcomes were reported: maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), body mass index (BMI), body mass, percent body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A total of 55 studies were included.

Results

Overall, HIIE was superior to MICT in improving V˙O2max (d = 0.40, P < 0.001) and FMD (d = 0.54, P < 0.05). Oppositely, MICT was superior to HIIE in improving HbA1c (d = −0.27, P < 0.05). No differences were observed in BMI (d = −0.02), body mass (d = −0.05), percent body fat (d = 0.04), systolic blood pressure (d = −0.04), diastolic blood pressure (d = 0.03), HDL (d = −0.05), LDL (d = 0.08), triglycerides (d = 0.03), total cholesterol (d = 0.14), CRP (d = −0.11), fasting insulin (d = 0.02), fasting glucose (d = 0.02), and HOMA-IR (d = −0.04). Moderator analyses indicated that the difference between HIIE and MICT was affected by different subgroups.

Conclusion

Overall, HIIE showed to be more effective in improving cardiovascular health and cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas MICT was superior in improving long-term glucose metabolism. In the process of personalized training counseling, health-enhancing effects of exercise training may be improved by considering the individual risk profiles.
Risk factors of geriatrics index of comorbidity and MDCT findings for predicting mortality in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia due to superior mesenteric artery thromboembolism
Authors: Tang Wei , Jin Bo , Kuang Lian-Qin , Zhang Jing , Li Chun-Xue , Wang Yi
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

To identify risk factors of geriatrics index of comorbidity (GIC) and multidetector CT (MDCT) findings for predicting mortality in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) due to superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thromboembolism.

Methods:

33 patients with AMI due to SMA thromboembolism underwent abdominal MDCT and angiography. Patients’ comorbidities and MDCT findings of ischemic bowel/mesenteric injuries, regions of SMA involved by thromboembolism, and degrees of SMA stenosis were retrospectively reviewed. The comorbidities were classified into 1–4 levels according to GIC. The association of MDCT signs and GIC classification with mortality were analyzed. Diagnostic performances of risk factors associated with mortality were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.

Results:

Eighteen patients (54.5%) died during hospitalization or follow-up, including one patient with class 1, two patients with class 2, eight patients with class 3, and seven patients with class 4 according to GIC. Three risk factors significantly associated with mortality were identified, including pneumatosis and/or portomesenteric venous gas (PPMVG) (p = 0.017), four regions of SMA involved by thromboembolism (region I + II + III + IV) (p = 0.036), and class 3 + 4 of comorbidities (p = 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of PPMVG, region I + II + III + IV, class 3 + 4 of comorbidities, and the three risk factors combined for diagnosing mortality were 33.3 and 100%, 27.8 and 100%, 83.3 and 73.3%, and 88.9 and 73.3%, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of the three risk factors combined (0.88) and class 3 + 4 of comorbidities (0.78) were larger than that of PPMVG (0.67) and region I + II + III + IV (0.64). The mortality rate rose from 15.4% in patients without risk factor to 66.7%, 100%, and 100% in patients with one, two, and three factors, respectively.

Conclusion:

Three risk factors for mortality were identified in patients with AMI due to SMA thromboembolism, including PPMVG and four regions of SMA involved by thromboembolism on MDCT images, and class 3 + 4 of comorbidities. Close monitoring of these risk factors could possibly lower the mortality.

Advances in knowledge:

Risk factors based on GIC and MDCT findings may be used to predict mortality in patients with AMI. Close monitoring of these risk factors could possibly lower the mortality.
Resolution of polycistronic RNA by SL2trans-splicing is a widely conserved nematode trait
Authors: Wenzel Marius , Johnston Christopher , Müller Berndt , Pettitt Jonathan , Connolly Bernadette
Published: September 2020

Spliced leadertrans-splicing is essential for the processing and translation of polycistronic RNAs generated by eukaryotic operons. InC. elegans, a specialized spliced leader, SL2, provides the 5′ end for uncapped pre-mRNAs derived from polycistronic RNAs. Studies of other nematodes suggested that SL2-typetrans-splicing is a relatively recent innovation, confined to Rhabditina, the clade containingC. elegansand its close relatives. Here we conduct a survey of transcriptome-wide spliced leadertrans-splicing inTrichinella spiralis, a distant relative ofC. eleganswith a particularly diverse repertoire of 15 spliced leaders. By systematically comparing the genomic context oftrans-splicing events for each spliced leader, we identified a subset ofT. spiralisspliced leaders that are specifically used to process polycistronic RNAs—the first examples of SL2-type spliced leaders outside of Rhabditina. TheseT. spiralisspliced leader RNAs possess a perfectly conserved stem–loop motif previously shown to be essential for SL2-typetrans-splicing inC. elegans. We show that genestrans-spliced to these SL2-type spliced leaders are organized in operonic fashion, with short intercistronic distances. A subset ofT. spiralisoperons show conservation of synteny withC. elegansoperons. Our work substantially revises our understanding of nematode spliced leadertrans-splicing, showing that SL2trans-splicing is a major mechanism for nematode polycistronic RNA processing, which may have evolved prior to the radiation of the Nematoda. This work has important implications for the improvement of genome annotation pipelines in nematodes and other eukaryotes with operonic gene organization.
A SOLIDARIEDADE COMO FUNDAMENTO PARA O ENFRENTAMENTO DO COVID-19 NA UNIÃO EUROPEIA
Authors: Diz Jamile Bergamaschine Mata , Costa Elizabeth Accioly Rodrigues , Silva Alice Rocha da
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: O presente artigo busca estabelecer como os procedimentos e normas estabelecidos pela União Europeia foram determinados diante da crise gerada pela propagação rápida de uma pandemia, tendo a solidariedade como fundamento da própria existência do espaço europeu integrado.Metodologia: O trabalho foi estabelecido a partir da análise do arcabouço institucional e legal da União Europeia, desde o pedido de auxílio feito pela Itália em fevereiro de 2020, delimitando-se, a partir, deste recorte temporal, as medidas utilizadas pela União para mitigar os efeitos da crise. A partir de uma metodologia histórica e dedutiva o conteúdo das premissas foi especificado, a partir de um binômio correto/incorreto, válido/inválido, real/fictício, não havendo níveis definitivos de conclusão.Resultados: Com uma linha do tempo específica, concluiu-se que apesar de contar com instrumentos específicos, tais não foram suficientes para evitar a rápida disseminação e contágio gerado pelo COVID-19.Contribuições: As duas principais contribuições desta pesquisa foram de demonstrar a necessidade de incremento aos mecanismos de proteção civil europeu, evitando que as decisões sejam tomadas com “atraso” e sem apresentar soluções efetivas, assim como reforçar o dever de solidariedade como parâmetro para ações concretas que venham a especificar em que medida cada Estado pode cooperar com os demais, sempre sob o manto da União Europeia. Vale mencionar que a escolha pela análise da União Europeia se deve ao fato desta representar um referencial de integração cooperativa e dialógica, num espaço de auxílio e cooperação mútuos que poderia servir como modelo para outras regiões.
Multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari isolated from asymptomatic school-going children in Kibera slum, Kenya
Authors: Gitahi Nduhiu , Gathura Peter B. , Gicheru Michael M. , Wandia Beautice M. , Nordin Annika
Published: September 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in asymptomatic school-going children and establish the antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates towards the drugs used to treat campylobacteriosis, including macrolides, quinolones and tetracycline. Campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of enteric illness and have only recently shown resistance to antibiotics.

Methods: This study isolated Campylobacter spp., including Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter lari, in stool samples from asymptomatic school-going children in one of the biggest urban slums in Kenya. The disc diffusion method using EUCAST breakpoints was used to identify antibiotic-resistant isolates, which were further tested for genes encoding for tetracycline resistance using primer-specific polymerase chain reaction.

Results: In total, 580 stool samples were collected from 11 primary schools considering both gender and age. Subjecting 294 biochemically characterized Campylobacter spp. isolates to genus-specific PCR, 106 (18.27% of stool samples) isolates were confirmed Campylobacter spp. Out of the 106 isolates, 28 (4.83%) were Campylobacter coli, 44 (7.58%) were Campylobacter jejuni while 11 (1.89%) were Campylobacter lari. Campylobacter jejuni had the highest number of isolates that were multi-drug resistant, with 26 out of the 28 tested isolates being resistant to ciprofloxacin (5 mg), nalidixic acid (30 mg), tetracycline (30 mg) and erythromycin (15 mg).

Conclusions: In conclusion, asymptomatic school going children in the study area were found to be carriers of multidrug resistant Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter lari at 84%. A one-health approach, which considers overlaps in environment, animals and human ecosystems, is recommended in addressing multidrug resistane in Campylobacter, since animals are the main reservoirs and environmental contamination is evident.
Reevaluation and correction of Maxwell’s Equations: a magnetic field has a source, a moving electric charge
Authors: Koziol M.J.
Published: September 2020

Maxwell’s Equations are considered to summarize the world of electromagnetism in four elegant equations. They summarize how electric and magnetic fields propagate, interact, how they are influenced by other objects and what their sources are. While it is widely accepted that the source of a magnetic field is a moving charge, one of the equations instead states that the magnetic field has no source. However, it is widely accepted that a magnetic field cannot be created without a moving electric charge. As such, here, after carefully reevaluating how Maxwell derived his equation, a limitation was identified. After adjustments, a new equation was derived that instead demonstrates that the source of a magnetic field is a moving charge, confirming experimentally verified and widely accepted observations.
THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE MINIMUM DROP HEIGHT OF A SPHERICAL GRAIN INTO THE DEVELOPER SOLUTION
Authors: Sysuev Vasiliy , Saitov Viktor , Farafonov Vyacheslav , Saitov Aleksey , Malyh Tat'yana
Published: September 2020

Food products made of grain are the main source of human nutrition and feed for farm animals. One of the main reserves for increasing its production is sowing with high-quality material, purified from various impurities and pathogens. To protect it from various diseases, etching is used. The most effective way to implement this technological operation is wet pickling with simultaneous release of grain impurities. For implementation of a corresponding device, an estimate was made of the minimum drop height of a weevil which is necessary to overcome the surface tension of a liquid. Pea seeds with a shape close to a sphere were used as objects of research. Therefore, a spherical caryopsis with density ρз = (1.15…1.45)∙103 kg/m3, diameter 2rз = (3.5…10.9) ∙10-3 m was taken as a model of the seed. We investigated the fall of separately taken spherical caryopses with minimum (2rзmin. = 3.5∙10-3 m), average (2rзmid. = 7.2∙10-3 m) and maximum (2rзmax. = 10.9∙10-3 m) linear dimensions having a density ρз = 1.15; 1.25; 1.35 and 1.45∙103 kg/m3, on the surface of an aqueous solution of the dressing agent with a density of ρж = 1.00; 1.03; 1.06; 1.09; 1.12 and 1.15 ∙ 103 kg/m3 with the corresponding coefficients of surface tension σ = 0.0727; 0.0755; 0.0771; 0.0786; 0.0801 and 0.0816 N/m and hydrodynamic resistance coefficients c = 0.4 (0.5 for ρж = 1.12 and 1.15 ∙ 103 kg/m3). The etching process was considered at a temperature of 20°C. The minimum drop height h for overcoming the surface tension of the dressing solution by all caryopses with physical and mechanical parameters with the indicated values should be 15.5 ∙ 10-3 m
Compression hosiery for venous disorders and oedema: a question of balance
Authors: Muldoon Jeanette , Hampton Sylvie , Gray Sarah , Cosham Trish
Published: September 2020

Compression therapy for venous and lymphatic conditions may be delivered via a range of treatment modalities using many different technologies, depending on the patient's condition and needs. Clinical decision-making relies on accurate assessment of the patient, their presenting and underlying clinical condition, skill and training of the applier and the available resources. However, changes in the patient's condition or lifestyle may necessitate re-evaluation of the treatment pathway. Generally, compression bandages and Velcro wraps are used in the intensive acute phase of treatment, with self-management using compression hosiery or wraps being used for long-term maintenance to prevent recurrence. Although guidelines recommend the highest class of compression hosiery for maximum effectiveness, clinical evidence shows practical challenges associated with application and tolerance of higher pressures and stiffness. An audit of a new type of compression garment was conducted, and it showed that incorporating stiffness into circular knitted hosiery helped overcome some of these challenges with improvements in limb size, skin softening and wound size. Additionally, self-management was facilitated by the ease of donning and doffing.
Classification of optimal quaternary Hermitian LCD codes of dimension $2$
Authors: ISHIZUKA Keita
Published: September 2020

Hermitian linear complementary dual codes are linear codes whose intersections with their Hermitian dual codes are trivial.

The largest minimum weight among quaternary Hermitian linear complementary dual codes of dimension $2$ is known for each length. We give the complete classification of optimal quaternary Hermitian linear complementary dual codes of dimension $2$. Hermitian linear complementary dual codes are linear codes whose intersections with their Hermitian dual codes are trivial.

The largest minimum weight among quaternary Hermitian linear complementary dual codes of dimension $2$ is known for each length. We give the complete classification of optimal quaternary Hermitian linear complementary dual codes of dimension $2$.
Catching up with our Nordic peers: The rising demand for Finnish drama series and its impact on local film and television production companies
Authors: Grundström Heidi , Cañas Bajo Jose Juan , Matila Ilkka
Published: September 2020

Traditionally, the Finnish film and television industry has revolved around producing feature films and television series for local distribution. In the past five years, however, the industry has been transformed by a rising demand for high-end drama series. In addition to the positive developments for the economic stability of production companies, challenges are unfolding as the demand for new content keeps growing. This article introduces three recent and central developments, drawing on interviews with four local producers and an analysis of industry and media reports. First, new players have entered the market and introduced new financing opportunities, both domestic and international. Second, international co-production opportunities have grown through production companies’ new international focus. And finally, the introduction of the Finnish production incentive for the audio-visual industry has enabled more ambitious projects. These developments have led to two main challenges that the industry is currently facing: the imminent lack of experienced crew and the need for revised practices for screenwriting, development and production.
Arquétipo
Authors: Marnoto Rita
Published: September 2020

Este 5.º número da 3.ª série de Biblos. Revista da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra apresenta um conjunto de contributos dedicado ao tema do arquétipo. Ideia e/ou imagem simbólica de um modelo (gr. typos) primordial (gr. arke), o arquétipo infi ltra tão profundamente a história da humanidade, numa translação entre tempos, lugares e culturas, que condensa um dos esteios que mais firmemente sustém a relação do ser humano com o mundo. Se, por um lado, pode ser alvo das interrogações que se colocam a qualquer categoria universal, por outro lado, potencia conceptualizações e práticas que favorecem uma dinâmica integradora e aberta à transformação. Nessa medida, a articulação entre o typos e as suas realizações contempla um leque de declinações dotado de uma extraordinária riqueza.
A pluralidade da “Terra Bíblica”: construção e reconstrução de um arquétipo
Authors: Beato Sofia Cardetas
Published: September 2020

O universo religioso cria diversas espacialidades. Por conseguinte, religião e espaço são duas entidades intrinsecamente ligadas. O judaísmo construiu, na sua génese, uma espacialidade que perdurou no tempo e, por extensão, no cristianismo. Pela circulação e pela interação culturais, nasceram vários espaços na sua órbita, os quais constituiriam a realidade geográfica “Terra Bíblica”. Esta — o nosso objeto de estudo — constitui um espaço homogéneo para os estudiosos da Ciência da Religião: um sistema de referência ou modelo que é capaz de assumir o geral/particular, o centrado/acentrado, o universal/singular. Colmatando o desencontro de informações terminológicas e de datação existentes entre alguns estudos, asseguramos, tendo presente sincronia e diacronia e as fontes bíblicas e extra-bíblicas, a visibilidade deste arquétipo.
Arquétipo: a utopia como horizonte
Authors: Peixinho Ana Teresa
Published: September 2020

Entrevista ao administrador executivo da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Guilherme d'Oliveira Martins.
Precise Extraction of Citrus Fruit Trees from a Digital Surface Model Using a Unified Strategy: Detection, Delineation, and Clustering
Authors: Ok Ali Ozgun , Ozdarici-Ok Asli
Published: September 2020

In this study, we present an original unified strategy for the precise extraction of individual citrus fruit trees from single digital surface model (DSM) input data. A probabilistic method combining the circular shape information with the knowledge of the local maxima in the DSM has
been used for the detection of the candidate trees. An active contour is applied within each detected region to extract the borders of the objects. Thereafter, all extracted objects are seamlessly divided into clusters considering a new feature data set formed by (1) the properties of trees,
(2) planting parameters, and (3) neighborhood relations. This original clustering stage has led to two new contributions: (1) particular objects or clustered structures having distinctive characters and relationships other than the citrus objects can be identified and eliminated, and (2) the
information revealed by clustering can be used to recover missing citrus objects within and/or nearby each cluster. The main finding of this research is that a successful clustering can provide valuable input for identifying incorrect and missing information in terms of citrus tree extraction.
The proposed strategy is validated in eight test sites selected from the northern part of Mersin province of Turkey. The results achieved are also compared with the state-of-the-art methods developed for tree extraction, and the success of the proposed unified strategy is clearly highlighted.
Implementasi Model Make a Match untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran PAI di SMP N 01 Kesesi
Authors: Khofiyah Siti
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bahwa model pembelajaran make a match dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa pada materi  sholat sunah pada siswa kelas IX C semester genap SMP I Kesesi Kabupaten Pekalongan tahun pelajaran 2014 – 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di kelas IX C SMP I Kesesi Kabupaten Pekalongan. hasil dari penelitian adalah bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Make A Match dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa kelas IX C semester genap SMP 1 Kesesi Kabupaten Pekalongan tahun pelajaran 2014-2015.
Qual a influência do desenho dos equipamentos na polimerização de materiais resinosos?
Authors: Shimokawa Carlos Alberto Kenji , Giannini Marcelo
Published: September 2020

A potência, o espectro de emissão e o perfil do feixe luz são fatores importantes relacionados com a luz emitida pelos equipamentos fotoativadores, e que devem ser considerados na escolha de um equipamento fotoativador . Além disso, existem equipamentos feitos com diversos materiais, formatos e tamanhos. Assim, também devemos considerar os fatores relacionados com o desenho dos equipamentos: formato/ângulo e tamanho das ponteiras. O formato e a angulação da ponteira dos equipamentos fotoativadores são importantes para possibilitar seu correto posicionamento sobre o material a ser polimerizado.
Jewish Perspectives on Homosexuality
Authors: Homolka Walter
Published: September 2020

W tym eseju zamierzam przedstawić przegląd różnych opinii na temat homoseksualizmu istniejących w judaizmie. Chcę pokazać rezultaty długiego procesu kształtowania się poglądów na tę kwestię. Większość członków społeczności żydowskiej oraz większość obywateli izraelskich akceptuje dziś akty homoseksualne i związki partnerskie. Osoby homoseksualne wyświęcane są na rabinów, a pary osób tej samej płci mają możliwość uświęcenia wspólnego życia.
Wpływ parafilii na małżeństwo i rodzinę – aspekt moralny
Authors: Gwoździewicz Tomasz
Published: September 2020

Artykuł ukazuje zagadnienie parafilii, czyli dewiacji seksualnych, i ich wpływ na małżeństwo i rodzinę. Parafilie pojawiają się coraz częściej w przestrzeni społecznej i naruszają wiele norm, szczególnie moralnych. Są to działania bardzo niebezpieczne dla małżeństwa i rodziny. W życiu małżeńskim powodują spustoszenie na płaszczyźnie seksualnej i często doprowadzają do jego rozpadu. W relacjach rodzinnych narażają na zgorszenie, a także rodzą niebezpieczeństwo wykorzystania seksualnego dzieci.
Psychiczno-moralne i społeczne skutki pornografii
Authors: Stelmach Bogdan
Published: September 2020

Społeczne skutki pornografii są rzadko przedmiotem badania. Praca o psychicznych i społecznych skutkach pornografii stanowi syntezę konsekwencji emocjonalnych z ich przełożeniem na skutki społeczne. Połączenie tych płaszczyzn pokazuje rzeczywiste zagrożenie, jakie niesie za sobą masowa konsumpcja pornografii w dzisiejszych czasach. W pracy dokonano przeglądu prac naukowych z ostatnich lat, jakie ukazały się w literaturze. Wykazano też, jak niewiele tych informacji funkcjonuje w świadomości powszechnej. Stanowi to swoiste ostrzeżenie dla współczesnego człowieka.
The Crises in the Church and the Problem of Virtue in Christian Life
Authors: Kraj Tomasz
Published: September 2020

Jesteśmy świadkami kryzysu w niemieckim Kościele. Rozważane są propozycje porzucenia tradycyjnej nauki Kościoła o ludzkiej seksualności i przyjęcia norm nawiązujących do modnych dziś na Zachodzie ideologii, takich jak gender i LGBT, oraz większej „wolności” seksualnej. Te nowe propozycje stanowią część tzw. drogi synodalnej. Powstają pytania o przyczyny kryzysu. Autor widzi wśród nich pominięcie zagadnienia cnoty w postępowaniu moralnym chrześcijanina oraz oparcie się na niewłaściwej (co widać zwłaszcza w przypadku roztropności) intelektualistycznej koncepcji cnoty odwołującej się do Immanuela Kanta. W koncepcji tej świadomość powinnego dobra moralnego wystarcza do jego realizacji. Koncepcja ta pomija znaczenie ludzkich pragnień i skłonności w działaniu moralnym i prowadzi do sytuacji, w której pomimo wiedzy człowiek nie jest w stanie zrealizować poznanego dobra. Wina za ten stan rzeczy jest przypisywana moralnym zobowiązaniom, które jako niedające się zrealizować należałoby porzucić. Autorem innego, realistycznego opisu cnoty jest św. Tomasz z Akwinu. Pomocą w rozwiązaniu współczesnych problemów moralnych jest ponowna refleksja nad realistyczną koncepcją cnoty i jej rolą nie tylko w wypełnianiu chrześcijańskiego powołania, ale także w chrześcijańskim wychowaniu.
Karol Wojtyła’s philosophy of freedom
Authors: Stachewicz Krzysztof
Published: September 2020

Freedom is a challenge for human existence, but also for reflection on human existence. Philosophers, especially in modern times, have built several fundamental concepts of freedom. Karol Wojtyła proposed an original approach by opening the classical theory of freedom to contemporary trends, especially to phenomenology emphasizing the role of experience. The feeling of freedom is given in the “I can – do not have to” experience. Self-determination appears as an expression of freedom. Wojtyła develops this idea by building the foundations of his own thinking about human freedom. This concept deserves multi-faceted interpretations, also in the context of challenges posed by our times.
The concept of collective hope according to Józef Kozielecki and Chantal Delsol
Authors: Kotkowska Elzbieta
Published: September 2020

W niniejszym artykule ukażemy koncepcję nadziei zbiorowej polskiego psychologa Józefa Kozieleckiego. W obszarze psychologii i socjologii daje potwierdzone w tych naukach argumenty wskazujące na potrzebę uzasadnionej nadziei zarówno indywidualnej, jak i zbiorowej. Na tej bazie przekonuje do budowania społeczeństwa nadziei, gdzie góruje ona nad lękiem przed niedookreśloną przyszłością i wszelkimi zmianami. Wyraźnie stwierdza, że trzeba się przeciwstawić ideologizacji życia społecznego w stylu Francisa Fukuyamy, Richarda Rorty’ego czy Jacques’a  Derridy. Tworzą oni intelektualne utopie, niemające potwierdzenia w naukowych badaniach psychologicznych i socjologicznych, choć są nośne w wielu kręgach kulturowych późnej nowoczesności. By wzmocnić to przekonanie Józefa Kozieleckiego, odwołamy się do badań Chantal Delsol francuskiej filozof politycznej. Badała ona zmiany kulturowe i polityczne w Europie w XX i XXI wieku. Określiła ten czas jako „późną nowoczesność”. W swoich pracach stawia uzasadnioną diagnozę, że pewne nurty niszczą nadzieję na osiąganie dalekosiężnych celów zarówno indywidualnych, jak i zbiorowych, a tym bardziej nadzieję eschatologiczną w imię tworzenia społecznych utopii. Efektem badawczym będzie zestawienie poglądów polskiego naukowca dotyczących nadziei zbiorowej z przekonaniem Chantal Delsol, że nadzieja, i to ta związana z religią monoteistyczną. jest ludziom potrzebna, by mogli się rozwijać i osiągać zarówno dystalne, jak i eschatologiczne cele. Wnioski zostały wypracowane w obszarze psychologii, socjologii i filozofii i wspierają przekonanie o wartości nadziei eschatologicznej.
Zbigniew Rau, Katarzyna M. Staszyńska, Maciej Chmieliński, Krzysztof Zagórski, Doktryna Polaków. Klasyczna filozofi a polityczna w dyskursie potocznym, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Łódź–Warszawa 2018, ss. 212. ISBN 978
Authors: Dziuba Andrzej
Published: September 2020

Recenzja. Zbigniew Rau, Katarzyna M. Staszyńska, Maciej Chmieliński, Krzysztof Zagórski, Doktryna Polaków. Klasyczna filozofi a polityczna w dyskursie potocznym, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Łódź–Warszawa 2018, ss. 212. ISBN 978
Spatial prediction of a scalar variable based on data of a functional random field
Authors: Giraldo Ramón , Delicado Pedro , Mateu Jorge
Published: September 2020

Kriging and cokriging and their several related versions are techniques widely known and used in spatial data analysis. However, when the spatial data are functions a bridge between functional data analysis and geostatistics has to be built. I give an overview to cokriging analysis and multivariable spatial prediction to the case where the observations at each sampling location consist of samples of random functions. I extend multivariable geostatistical methods to the functional context. Our cokriging method predicts one variable at a time as in a classical multivariable sense, but considering as auxiliary information curves instead of vectors. I also give an extension of multivariable kriging to the functional context where is defined a predictor of a whole curve based on samples of curves located at a neighborhood of the prediction site. In both cases a non-parametric approach based on basis function expansion is used to estimate the parameters, and I prove that both proposals coincide when using such an approach. A linear model of coregionalization is used to define the spatial dependence among the coefficients of the basis functions, and therefore for estimating the functional parameters. As an illustration the methodological proposals are applied to analyze two real data sets corresponding to average daily temperatures measured at 35 weather stations located in the Canadian Maritime Provinces, and penetration resistance data collected at 32 sampling sites of an experimental plot.
La teología al servicio del hombre de hoy: conflicto, ciencia y sociedad
Authors: Mejía Correa Iván Fernando
Published: September 2020

En el presente artículo se expone cómo la teología puede entrar en diálogo con la comunidad científica y, a la vez, cómo puede abrir horizontes de comprensión nuevos. De otra parte, pretende explicar de qué modo y por qué la teología, al igual que otras ciencias humanas, puede iluminar el ‘Proceso de Paz’ y el ‘pos-conflicto’ colombiano.
Las fuentes de la hagiografía del dominico medieval, Gonzalo de Amarante: tradición y santidad en el siglo XIII.
Authors: Torres Torres Eugenio Martín
Published: September 2020

En años recientes el género literario de las hagiografías o vidas de santos, ha sido revalorado por historiadores del arte, de las mentalidades y de la Iglesia católica, entre otros. En este artículo se pretenden identificar las fuentes que a través de los siglos influyeron en la biografía de Gonzalo de Amarante (c. 1186-c. 1259/1262), uno de los beatos dominicos medievales más populares en la península Ibérica y en la América española y portuguesa, hasta convertirla en una importante fuente histórica de devoción popular, con notables influencias bíblicas y hagiográficas antiguas y medievales.
Las organizaciones comunitarias como instituciones intermedias: las Juntas de Acción Comunal en el municipio de Tenjo
Authors: Bautista Gómez Martha Milena
Published: September 2020

Este artículo surge como producto de los resultados de la investigación realizada como trabajo de grado para la obtención del título de socióloga, llamada “Las organizaciones comunitarias como instituciones intermedias, aplicado a las Juntas de Acción Comunal (JAC) en el municipio de Tenjo”, la cual tiene como propósito explicar el cambio en la funcionalidad de las JAC, como instituciones intermedias, en términos de su estructura organizativa y su relación con el Estado y la comunidad.
Entre la participación ciudadana y las resistencias creativas: Una experiencia en la localidad de Engativá
Authors: Camargo Urrea Liliana
Published: September 2020

El artículo examina la relación entre arte y política, con fundamento en los resultados de la investigación orientada a comprender la cultura política local a partir de las prácticas y representaciones sociales del Consejo Local de Cultura en los procesos de concertación, formulación, ejecución y evaluación de políticas culturales en la localidad de Engativá, Bogotá, y desde la experiencia del Colectivo Viajeros del Arte, acción colectiva de artistas locales en respuesta al mal gobierno local y con el objetivo de dignificar el quehacer artístico.
Lo comunitario en las radios comunitarias: sentidos en juego
Authors: Osses Rivera Sandra Liliana
Published: September 2020

¿Qué es lo comunitario de las radios comunitarias? Más allá de las definiciones jurídicas y académicas desde afuera, lo comunitario se construye y se vive dentro de la cotidianidad del trabajo de producción radial en los medios así identificados. Mediante una aproximación antropológica a emisoras comunitarias en México y Colombia, la autora aprehende y documenta el sentido de comunidad subyacente en su programación diaria.
In memoriam: La plataforma massmediática como dispositivo de emancipación
Authors: Torres López Liliana Rocío
Published: September 2020

El texto recorre la postura que han tenido varios autores, quienes, a pesar de las diferencias, han encontrado en las tecnologías de la comunicación un elemento que determina el fenómeno de la globalización. Continúa la reflexión para establecer cómo la disposición de las TIC, resignificada desde los procesos de formación, se debe constituir en la alternativa política que permita avanzar hacia el cambio de las situaciones de exclusión y explotación, y hacia la construcción de un consenso social que procure la emancipación de los hombres y las mujeres que habitan la aldea global.
EVALUATION OF GENOTOXICITY OF THREE FOOD PRESERVATIVES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER USING SMART AND COMET ASSAYS
Authors: El-Hefny Ingy Maher , Hozayen Walaa , AlSenosy Neima , Basal Wesam , Ahmed Amr , Diab Ayman
Published: September 2020

The continuously growing food and beverage industry relies on food additives as a main component in their products. Such increased reliance on processed food, lead to neglectance of the harmful effects of the food additives on human health; among these are hypersensitivity, allergic reactions, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and more.  This study investigates genotoxic effects of three food preservatives commonly consumed in daily meals; sodium sulphite, boric acid, and benzoic acid using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and comet assay in Drosophila melanogaster system. All of the tested compounds showed significantly high levels of tumor induction and frequency compared to a negative control in SMART assay. They also showed high amount of DNA damage in the comet assay indicating their high potential of being genotoxic materials.