bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retyping and molecular pathology diagnosis of dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria
Authors: Zhou Ding'an , Yang Pingping , Chen Hongyu
Published: June 2023

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is characterized by diffuse symmetrically distributed hypopigmented macules mixed with hyperpigmentation. DUH is divided into three types by Online Mendelian inheritance in man (OMIM) that is, DUH1 (OMIM 127500), DUH2 (OMIM 612715) and DUH3 (OMIM 615402) according to the different linkage regions. Although each condition possesses corresponding phenotypic characteristics and the prognosis for each is somewhat different, these disorders are highly overlapped and difficult to differentiate in the clinical setting. Our latest study reveals a novel DUH subtype that presents a mild phenotype of pigmentation anomalies and is named PER3rs772027021 SNP related DUH or DUH4 by us, which make the DUH subtype can be further retyped. Heterozygous distribution or mosaic‐like distribution of melanin is a newly discovered pathological features that is uniquely demonstrated in the affected layers of DUH1 and DUH4 patients. In this review, DUH is further divided into four subtypes according the causative genes and their mutational sites, and the mutation regions described in the previous reports. To make an accurate diagnosis, we suggest that Sanger sequencing or the target region sequencing (TRS) to the candidate causative genes related melanogenesis may be the most effective and convenient method of clinical diagnosis or/and prenatal diagnosis for DUH and DUH‐like patients. More importantly, heterozygous distribution or mosaic‐like distribution of melanin can be utilized for differential diagnosis of DUH. We also investigate the underlying molecular mechanism to form mosaic‐like melanin in the affected layers of hyper‐ and/or hypo‐pigmented macules from DUH1 and DUH4 patients. This review provides a molecular and pathological delineation of four types of DUH and aims to establish a concise diagnostic strategy to allow clinical dermatologists to make an accurate diagnosis.
Isobolographic analysis of the ciprofloxacin–gentamicin combination against beta‐lactamase‐producing Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Isiordia‐Espinoza Mario Alberto , Terán‐Rosales Flavio , Serafín‐Higuera Nicolás Addiel , Alonso‐Castro Ángel Josabad , Aragon‐Martínez Othoniel Hugo
Published: June 2023

Background

Bacterial multi‐resistance is a serious global problem that continues to worsen over time due to multiple factors. Among these factors, it is important to highlight the clinical misuse of antibiotics and the mechanisms that microorganisms have developed to protect themselves from these drugs. In this sense, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogen that has found a way to resist many of the drugs currently in use, so infections by this bacterium represent a serious clinical problem.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the type of interaction between ciprofloxacin and gentamicin against beta‐lactamase‐producing S. aureus using isobolographic analysis.

Methods

Ciprofloxacin (0.5–0.05 mg/mL) and gentamicin (10–1 mg/mL) were used to make concentration‐dependent curves for each individual drug. Thereafter, the 50 inhibitory concentration (IC50) of each drug was obtained, and different proportions of the ciprofloxacin–gentamicin combination—0.5:0.5, 0.8:0.2, 0.2:0.8, 0.9:0.1, 0.1:0.9, 0.95:0.05, and 0.05:0.95—were evaluated. The isobolographic analysis and the interaction index were used to analyze the data.

Results

The isobolographic evaluation of the combination showed that the ratios 0.5:0.5, 0.8:0.2, 0.2:0.8, and 0.9:0.1 produced a synergistic anti‐staphylococcal effect, and the 0.95:0.05 ratio induced an additive antibacterial effect. Finally, the 0.1:0.9 and 0.05:0.95 ratios of the combination presented antagonistic effects against S. aureus. On the other hand, the interaction index showed similar results to the isobolographic analysis.

Conclusion

The isobolographic results of this in vitro assay show that the ciprofloxacin–gentamicin combination induces synergistic, additive, and antagonistic antimicrobial effects against S. aureus.
Novel ginsenoside monomer RT4 promotes colitis repair in mice by regulating miR‐144‐3p/SLC7A11 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Yao , Han Liu , Hou Binfen , Ji Yanhong
Published: June 2023

Background

Ginsenoside RT4 (RT4) is a new biologically active compound extracted from ginseng that possesses numerous medicinal and pharmacological properties. However, its potential therapeutic effect of ginsenoside RT4 on ulcerative colitis remains unknown.

Methods and results

In this study, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory effects of ginsenoside RT4 and its underlying molecular mechanism in the treatment of ulcerative colitis mice induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Our results demonstrate that ginsenoside RT4 effectively reduced weight, shortening of colonic tract length, colonic bowel damage, and disease activity index (DAI) scores in DSS‐induced colitis mice. Additionally, ginsenoside RT4 regulates miR‐144‐3p expression in DSS‐induced colitis mice, and we further confirmed that the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) was the target gene of miR‐144‐3p by database analysis. Finally, ginsenoside RT4 inhibits the activation of the miR‐144‐3p/SLC7A11 signaling pathway, which alleviates colitis. Ginsenoside RT4 significantly decreased the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐1β and increased the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that ginsenoside RT4 may have therapeutic potential for treating ulcerative colitis by downregulating levels of miR‐144‐3p/SLC7A11 signaling pathway, which are expected to be useful in treating clinical ulcerative colitis.
Blunt notch effect on the fatigue response up to 109 cycles of selective laser melting Ti6Al4V specimens
Authors: Tridello Andrea , Boursier Niutta Carlo , Berto Filippo , Paolino Davide S.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the influence of a blunt notch on the VHCF response of SLM Ti6Al4V specimens is investigated. Ultrasonic fully reversed tension–compression tests up to 109 cycles were carried out on unnotched specimens and specimens with a blunt notch. Unnotched specimens show a slightly larger fatigue response, with limited differences. All fatigue failures originated from defects, which are bigger in unnotched specimens, mainly due to the different risk volume of the tested specimens and the related size effect. Interactions between notch, stress gradient, and defect size distribution must be considered to properly assess the influence of notch on the VHCF response.
Amending biochar affected enzyme activities and nitrogen turnover in Phaeozem and Luvisol
Authors: Liu Xing , Jiang Nan , Jing Guoyan , Wang Shuqiang , Chen Zhenhua , Zhang Yulan
Published: June 2023

Soil nitrogen (N) is a vital source of nutrients for maintaining soil fertility and crop production. However, the effect of biochar application rate on the mechanism of organic N transformation and the contribution of enzyme mineralization is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted two 5‐year field experiments in contrasting soils (Phaeozem and Luvisol) with biochar application rate at 0 t hm−2 (CK, 0), 22.5 t hm−2 (D1, 1%), 67.5 t hm−2 (D2, 3%), and 112.5 t hm−2 (D3, 5%) to investigate the potential effects of biochar application rate on soil organic nitrogen (N) turnover and its linkage to enzymatic mineralization in contrasting soil. The results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents, microbial biomass carbon to nitrogen ratio (MBC:MBN) and protease activity are significantly influenced by biochar application rate whereas not by soil type. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−‐N) contents, and dehydrogenase activity are significantly changed by soil type whereas not by biochar application rate. Based on the redundancy analysis, we found that organic N fractions are associated with MBN, SOC, and protease in Phaeozem, but related to protease activity in Luvisol. Our findings indicate that organic N turnover is not only related to the bioavailability of N but also requires carbon substrates in Phaeozem, whereas the transformation of organic N in Luvisol is dominated by enzymatic mineralization as the relatively low level of bioavailable N.
Resilient again: COVID‐19, feminist anti‐violence work, and the question of sustainability
Authors: Boucher Lisa
Published: June 2023

Gender‐based violence has increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. As a result, feminist anti‐violence organizations have experienced greater demands for services and complexity of need. Sharing results from a qualitative study with two sexual assault centers, this paper discusses how organizations experienced the pandemic and adapted their work in response. It engages with critical discussions of resilience, arguing for a movement away from a focus on resiliency, which overlooks larger structural issues and the need for sustainability. Further, it calls for greater recognition of the important and varied roles feminist anti‐violence organizations undertake in their communities.
Conceptualising community engagement as an infinite game implemented through finite games of ‘research’, ‘community organising’ and ‘knowledge mobilisation’
Authors: Turin Tanvir C. , Kazi Mashrur , Rumana Nahid , Lasker Mohammad A. A. , Chowdhury Nashit
Published: June 2023

Meaningful community engagement process involves focusing on the community needs, building community capacity and employing culturally tailored and community‐specific strategies. In the current practices of community‐engaged health and wellness research, generally, community engagement activities commence with the beginning of a particular research project on a specific topic and end with the completion of the project. The outcomes of the community engagement, including the trust, partnership and contribution of the community to research, thus remain limited to that specific project and are not generally transferred and fostered further to the following project on a different topic. In this viewpoint article, we discussed a philosophical approach to community engagement that proposes to juxtapose community engagement for the specific short‐term research project and the overarching long‐term programme of research with the finite game and infinite game concepts, respectively. A finite game is a concept of a game where the players are known, rules are fixed and when the agreed‐upon goal is achieved, the game ends. On the other hand, in infinite games, the players may be both known and unknown, have no externally fixed rules and have the objective of continuing the game beyond a particular research project. We believe community engagement needs to be conducted as an infinite game that is, at the programme of research level, where the goal of the respective activities is not to complete a research project but to successfully engage the community itself is the goal. While conducting various research projects, that is, finite games, the researchers need to keep an infinite game mindset throughout, which includes working with the community for a just cause, building trust and community capacity to maximise their contribution to research, prioritising community needs and having the courage to lead the community if need be.

Patient or Public Contribution: While preparing this manuscript, we have partnered actively with community champions, activists, community scholars and citizen researchers at the community level from the very beginning. We had regular interactions with them to get their valuable and insightful inputs in shaping our reflections. Their involvement as coauthors in this paper also provided a learning opportunity for them and facilitated them to gain insight on knowledge engagement. All authors support greater community/citizen/public involvement in research in an equitable manner.
#TreatmentResistantDepression: A qualitative content analysis of Tweets about difficult‐to‐treat depression
Authors: Talbot Amelia , Ford Tori , Ryan Sara , Mahtani Kamal R. , Albury Charlotte
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) is depression unresponsive to antidepressants and affects 55% of British primary care users with depression. Current evidence is from secondary care, but long referral times mean general practitioners (GPs) manage TRD. Studies show that people with depression use Twitter to form community and document symptoms. However, Twitter remains a largely unexplored space of documented patient experience. Twitter data could provide valuable insights into learning about primary care experiences of TRD. In this study, we explored Twitter comments and conversations about TRD and produced patient‐driven recommendations.

Methods

Tweets from UK‐based users were collected manually and using a browser extension in June 2021. Conventional content analysis was used to provide an overview of the Tweets, followed by interpretation to understand why Twitter may be important to people with TRD.

Results

A total of 415 Tweets were organised into five clusters: self‐diagnosis, symptoms, support, small wins and condition experts. These Tweets were interpreted as showing Twitter as a community for people with TRD. People had a collective sense of illness identity and were united in their experiences of TRD. However, users in the community also highlighted the absence of effective GP care, leading users to position themselves as condition experts. Users shared advice from a place of lived experience with the community but also shared potentially harmful information, including recommendations about nonevidence‐based medications.

Conclusions

Findings illuminate the benefits of the TRD Twitter community and also highlight that the perception of a lack of knowledge and support from GPs may lead community members to advise nonevidenced‐based medications.

Patient and Public Contribution

This study was led by a person with lived experience of TRD and bipolar. Two public contributors with mental health conditions gave feedback on our study protocol and results.
Towards reliable estimates of abundance trends using automated non‐lethal moth traps
Authors: Möglich Jonas Mielke , Lampe Patrick , Fickus Mario , Younis Sohaib , Gottwald Jannis , Nauss Thomas , Brandl Roland , Brändle Martin , Friess Nicolas , Freisleben Bernd , Heidrich Lea
Published: June 2023

Monitoring insect abundance or species richness at high spatial and temporal resolution is difficult due to personnel, maintenance, and post‐processing costs as well as ethical considerations. Non‐invasive automated insect monitoring systems could provide a solution to address these constraints. However, every new insect monitoring design needs to be evaluated with respect to reliability and bias based on comparisons with conventional methods.

In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of an automated moth trap (AMT), built from off‐the‐shelf‐hardware, in capturing declines in moth abundance, by comparing it to a conventional, lethal trap. Both trap types were operated five times on 16 plots from the beginning of July 2021 to the end of August 2021.

On average AMTs recorded fewer individuals than conventional traps. However, both trap types depicted the same seasonal decline of approximately 3% per day, which corresponded to a total difference of ~85% over the sampling period. Given our sample size, both trap types had the same limitations in their reliability to detect smaller changes in abundance trends.

This first proof of concept demonstrated that AMTs depict large magnitude events such as phenological patterns just as well as conventional, lethal traps. Therefore, AMTs are a promising tool for future autonomous and non‐lethal monitoring, which paves the way for high temporal coverage and resolution in insect monitoring. However, this initial quantitative field test revealed that its long‐term applicability must be preceded by several adjustments to the image quality, power supply and to data transfer.
Ecological trends in moth communities (Geometridae, Lepidoptera) along a complete rainforest elevation gradient in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Toko Pagi S. , Koane Bonny , Molem Kenneth , Miller Scott E. , Novotny Vojtech
Published: June 2023

The tropical rainforest elevation gradients, extending from lowlands to treeline, often represent global maxima of biodiversity and are models for community studies.

We surveyed geometrid moths along a complete rainforest gradient from 200 to 3700 m asl. in Papua New Guinea. The 16,424 moths collected with light traps represented 1102 species, a high diversity for such system. We demonstrated the importance of molecular data for taxonomy as COI sequences (DNA barcodes) changed the definition of 19% of morphological species.

The abundance of geometrids did not change with elevation while their species richness peaked at 1200 m asl. The mid‐elevation diversity peak is a common, but poorly understood, pattern for geometrids. It was best explained by the species richness of the vegetation. At the same time, the community was exposed to opposing trends in abiotic favourability (decreasing temperature) and biotic favourability (decreasing predation by ants, birds and bats) with elevation, potentially contributing to such unimodal trends in species richness.

Beta diversity of communities separated by 500 m elevation increased with increasing elevation, reflecting decreasing mean elevational range of species—a pattern opposite to that expected under the Rapoport's rule.

The total number of species along the elevation gradient corresponded to 280% of the highest local community diversity. This enrichment of species underscores the key role of long elevational gradients in maintaining high regional diversity and makes them a conservation priority, especially as they also allow for redistribution of species in response to climate change.
Inflammatory response and odontogenic differentiation of inflamed dental pulp treated with different pulp capping materials: An in vivo study
Authors: Chung M. , Lee S. , Kim S. , Kim E.
Published: June 2023

Aim

Previous studies have evaluated the pulpal responses to calcium silicate cements (CSCs) on normal dental pulp, but investigations on the effects of CSCs on inflamed pulp are limited. This study aimed to test the inflammatory response and odontogenic differentiation of inflamed rat dental pulp after direct pulp capping with CSCs.

Methodology

Wistar rat molars pulps were exposed for 48 h to induce inflammation and then capped with ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), Biodentine (Septodont), RetroMTA (Bio MTA) and Dycal (Dentsply Caulk). The degree of pulpal inflammation and hard tissue formation was evaluated by histological analysis. Immunofluorescence staining for interleukin (IL)‐6, osteocalcin (OCN) and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was also performed.

Results

After 4 weeks, complete recovery from inflammation was evident in 22%, 37.5%, 10% and none of the ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, RetroMTA and Dycal samples, respectively. Heavy hard tissue deposition as a continuous hard tissue bridge was observed in 77.8%, 75%, 70% and 60% of the ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, RetroMTA and Dycal samples, respectively. IL‐6, OCN and RUNX2 were detected in all materials, mainly adjacent to areas of inflammation and reparative dentine formation. At one, two and 4 weeks, significant differences were not observed between the inflammation and hard tissue formation scores of the four material groups (p > .05).

Conclusions

In this study, pulpal inflammation was still present in most specimens at 4 weeks after pulp capping and a significant number of samples showed incomplete and discontinuous dentine bridge formation. The results of this study suggest that initial inflammatory conditions of the pulp may risk the prognosis of teeth treated with CSCs.
Using language to help people, or using people to help language? A capabilities framework of language policy
Authors: Sayers Dave
Published: June 2023

Language policy is a hugely diverse field, united only by the intent to influence language use in some way. Much early research in the field asserted that language policy had an emancipatory drive, to empower downtrodden minorities against the cruelty or indifference of majoritarian politics. But over the years, critical accounts have increasingly questioned who precisely benefits from promoting minoritized languages. Indeed, can the language itself, valorized as an emblem of heritage, sometimes become invested with its own separate value? Can that value even outweigh concerns over improving people's prospects and capabilities? In what follows, I compare that balance between people's capabilities and the language itself, across a range of cases. I show especially how a growing focus on “new speakers” affects that balance.
Learning outcomes from a systematic review workshop series for junior doctors
Authors: S. Patabendige Nounu , Scott Karen M. , Barnes Elizabeth H. , Caldwell Patrina H. Y.
Published: June 2023

Background

Systematic reviews provide the highest level of evidence about a topic. Ten‐week workshops in conducting systematic reviews were held with hospital doctors in 2019 and 2020.

Aim

This study analysed participants' feedback about the systematic review workshops to improve how we teach clinicians about conducting systematic reviews.

Methods

Attendees completed a post‐workshop survey (with multiple‐choice and free‐text items) to assess knowledge and skills gained. We compared the responses of senior and junior doctors. We used descriptive statistics for the quantitative data and compared groups using Χ2 testing. Qualitative data were analysed using conceptual content analysis.

Results

Of 81 attendees, 52% completed the survey. Of those, 69% had no prior experience with systematic reviews, 93% reported increased knowledge and ability to conduct research and 69% reported increased ability to conduct systematic reviews. More senior than junior clinicians reported gaining knowledge about writing and publishing (37% vs 11%, P = 0.047) and making greater use of skills gained to conduct research (56% vs 23%, P = 0.029). Five themes were identified: learning through course structure; learning through course organisation; teaching style; flexible learning; and suggestions for progression and improvement. Respondents suggested running the workshops during protected teaching time, more time for some sessions, conducting the workshop series more often and making clinicians aware of the workshop series at hospital orientation.

Conclusion

The skills learnt from the systematic review workshop series impacted not only participants' research knowledge and skills, and plans to conduct future research, but also facilitated looking up medical literature in daily clinical work, supporting evidence‐based clinical practice.
Assessing the language of 2 year‐olds: From theory to practice
Authors: Jackson Emily , Levine Dani , de Villiers Jill , Iglesias Aquiles , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy , Michnick Golinkoff Roberta
Published: June 2023

Early screening for language problems is a priority given the importance of language for success in school and interpersonal relationships. The paucity of reliable behavioral instruments for this age group prompted the development of a new touchscreen language screener for 2‐year‐olds that relies on language comprehension. Developmental literature guided selection of age‐appropriate markers of language disorder risk that are culturally and dialectally neutral and could be reliably assessed. Items extend beyond products of linguistic knowledge (vocabulary and syntax) and tap the process by which children learn language, also known as fast mapping. After piloting an extensive set of items (139), two phases of testing with over 500 children aged 2; 0–2; 11 were conducted to choose the final 40‐item set. Rasch analysis was used to select the best fitting and least redundant items. Norms were created based on 270 children. Sufficient test‐retest reliability, Cronbach's alpha, and convergent validity with the MB‐CDI and PPVT are reported. This quick behavioral measure of language capabilities could support research studies and facilitate the early detection of language problems.
Attitude and practice of regenerative endodontic procedures among endodontists and paediatric dentists: A multinational survey from 13 countries
Authors: Hatipoğlu Fatma Pertek , Hatipoğlu Ömer , Taha Nessrin , Lehmann Anna Paulina , Aldhelai Thiyezen Abdullah , Madfa Ahmed A. , Al‐Haddad Afaf , Jukić Krmek Silvana , Javed Muhammad Qasim , Bhatti Usman Anwer , Drobac Milan , Surendar Sugumaran , Martín‐Biedma Benjamín , Palma Paulo J. , Martins João Filipe Brochado
Published: June 2023

Background

Regenerative endodontics (RET) refers to biologically based procedures that aim to restore damaged tooth structures and reinstate the pulp–dentine complex to its normal physiological state.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and practices of endodontists and paediatric dentists regarding RET.

Design

A survey was conducted among endodontists and paediatric dentists from 13 countries. A number of factors were evaluated, including frequency of RET application, followed guidelines, disinfection techniques, intracanal medication type, scaffold type, preferred coronal seal material, and follow‐up period.

Results

Among the 1394 respondents, 853 (61.2%) and 541 (38.8%) were endodontists and paediatric dentists, respectively. Almost half (43%) of participants have not performed RET yet. The American Association of Endodontics guideline (47.3%) was selected as the primary source for the clinical protocol. The most frequently selected irrigant solution was 1.5%–3% NaOCl at the first (26.1%) and second (13.6%) sessions. A blood clot (68.7%) and MTA (61.9%) were the most frequently selected scaffold type and coronal barrier. Most participants preferred a 6‐month follow‐up period.

Conclusion

According to this survey, deviations exist from current RET guidelines regarding all aspects evaluated. Standardizing clinical protocols and adhering to available guidelines would help to ensure more predictable outcomes.
An ab initio simulation on electron beam physical vapor deposition of Gd2Zr2O7 coating by density functional theory and kinetic Monte Carlo
Authors: Fan Haolong , He Xiaodong , Gao Jin , Song Guangping , Zheng Yongting , Zhu Chuncheng , Bai Yuelei
Published: June 2023

Without any experimental inputs, the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB‐PVD) of Gd2Zr2O7 with much potential for thermal barrier coatings was investigated by use of the kinetic Monte Carlo, after fitting the potential function using lattice inversion method and “coarse‐grained” mapping on the cohesive energy calculated by density functional theory, to reveal the effect of critical processing parameters of EB‐PVD on the microstructures and porosity of the deposited coating, for example, substrate temperature, deposition rate and incident angle. Based on the lower energy barrier calculated by a nudged elastic band, intra‐layer diffusion is easier than interlayer diffusion, attributed to the fewer bonds in the former. Furthermore, the porosity of the coating decreases with the increase of temperature or decrease of deposition rate, with the gradual disappearing large gaps among columnar crystals and filled pores, because of the increase of transition probability and transition times. With the decreasing incident angle, the area of the shadow zone decreases and less particles can be blocked by previously deposited ones, making the columnar crystals disappear gradually, with more like laminated structures.
The life experiences of women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: A qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Chien Min‐Ju , Chien Ching‐Hui , Huang Xuan‐Yi , Chiang Yueh‐Tao
Published: June 2023

Aim

To explore the life experiences of women with interstitial cystitis.

Design

A qualitative phenomenological study.

Methods

Fifteen women with interstitial cystitis were recruited from a regional hospital in Taiwan using purposive sampling. Data were collected via one‐on‐one semistructured interviews and analysed using the Colaizzi's method. Rigorous testing was conducted to identify the themes and subthemes.

Results

Four major themes were identified: torment, restriction, acceptance and empowerment. These themes reflect the life experiences of women with interstitial cystitis. They endured unrelenting physical and psychological distress and loneliness, experienced obstacles and limitations in daily living because of their symptoms, accepted reality and considered their symptoms as a part of everyday life and developed coping skills for the disease.

Conclusion

Medical care, psychological support and emotional venting are crucial for women with interstitial cystitis. Despite living a life full of frustrations and suffering caused by the unpredictable and unrelenting nature of interstitial cystitis, through external support and intrinsic positive cognitive reconstruction, women with interstitial cystitis gradually accepted that they were ill. They adapted to their situation, developed a suitable lifestyle and pace and ultimately achieved stable coexistence with the disease.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

Although women with interstitial cystitis are affected by an incurable disease, through adequate assistance and reconstruction of perception, they can develop coping skills and stably coexist with their disease. There is a delicate dynamic balance between their lives and disease.

Impact

This study may help clinicians to understand patients' life experiences and provide suitable care. This may improve the quality of care provided to women with interstitial cystitis and help them adapt to their disease, thereby improving their life satisfaction.

Reporting Method

This study was reported according to the COREQ checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

Women with interstitial cystitis contributed to the study data.
Origins of old lineages in New Caledonia: A geologically informed test of the island‐hopping hypothesis
Authors: Malem Julien , Robillard Tony , Cluzel Dominique , Bellier Loïc , Nattier Romain , Grandcolas Philippe , Legendre Frédéric
Published: June 2023

Aim

Although New Caledonia (NC) is now considered an oceanic island that emerged ca. 60 Ma, a few terrestrial clades are significantly older, raising the question of the origin of these groups. Classically, old lineages on more recent islands are hypothesized to originate through a process of hopping on now‐vanished islands (i.e., island‐hopping hypothesis) or other territories. We aim to test this hypothesis by studying a group of cockroaches with several lineages found in NC.

Location

New Caledonia, New Zealand, Australia.

Taxon

Insects: Blattodea.

Methods

We generated a dated phylogeny for blattid cockroaches (Blattidae and Tryonicidae) using Bayesian inference along with fossil calibrations. We reviewed studies on the palaeogeography of the Southwest Pacific region, including hypotheses about the existence of yet‐to‐be‐discovered past islands, and constructed biogeographical tests accordingly. We computed ancestral area estimation under different models in BioGeoBEARS (DEC, BAYAREALIKE, DIVALIKE, with or without +J) to test the role of an island‐hopping hypothesis in the establishment of NC blattid fauna.

Results

We find divergence times older than 60 Ma for two NC clades. We show that these ‘old’ endemic lineages can partially be explained by indirect dispersal from Australia or New Zealand through now disappeared islands. Alternative hypotheses suggest multiple independent colonizations of NC from Antarctica or Australia.

Main Conclusions

Our results indicate that island‐hopping may explain the presence of old groups in NC. The island‐hopping hypothesis is nonetheless only supported for a period‐area from which geological evidence is ambiguous. Our work highlights both the fruitful interactions between geology and biogeography and the underlying difficulties. The multiple colonization events inferred for NC provide additional insights into the composite nature of NC biota.
Swallowing‐induced atrial tachycardia: A rare demonstration on fluoroscopic esophagram
Authors: Kewcharoen Jakrin , Basharat Sohaib , Bhardwaj Rahul , Shah Shivang , Shu Richard , Krishnan Rajagopal , Lan Howard
Published: June 2023

Background

Swallowing‐associated arrhythmias are rare and most commonly present as atrial tachycardias.

Methods

We present a case of a 45‐year‐old female who experienced frequent episodes of palpitations and dyspnea occurring immediately after swallowing solid food. She was noted to have atrial tachycardia with deglutition that was recorded on the 12‐lead electrocardiogram. She underwent fluoroscopic esophagram that demonstrated atrial tachycardia as the barium passed through the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction.

Conclusion

Swallowing induced arrhythmias occur rarely and can be confirmed by EKG obtained during deglutition. Gastroesophageal evaluation is required to rule out primary esophageal disorders. Treatment of such arrhythmias is required if symptoms are intractable and can include pharmacotherapy and radiofrequency ablation.
Multidisciplinary approach involving strategic implant placement before orthodontic (SIMBO) treatment for generalized stage IV grade C periodontitis: A case report with 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kudo Motomu , Shirakata Yoshinori
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this case report was to demonstrate the long‐term effects of a multidisciplinary approach involving periodontal reconstructive surgery and strategic implant placement before orthodontic (SIMBO) treatment in a patient with severe periodontitis (e.g., stage IV/grade C).

Clinical Considerations

The patient presented with severe periodontitis and pathologic tooth migration (PTM) without stable occlusion or occlusal support. After performing cause‐related therapy, periodontal regenerative surgery, pre‐orthodontic posterior implant placement, and orthodontic treatment involving anterior implant placement with papilla reconstruction, the patient achieved full‐mouth rehabilitation and improvement of dental and smile esthetics. The clinical and radiographic results obtained were maintained over a 10‐year period.

Conclusion

Within the limits of this as a single case, multidisciplinary treatment involving the SIMBO approach appeared to allow long‐term improvement of periodontal condition, stability of the dental arches and occlusion, and esthetics in a patient with severe periodontitis, PTM and posterior bite collapse. Future studies with more subjects are needed to evaluate and validate this approach.

Clinical Significance

When addressing periodontal disease, SIMBO approach‐based multidisciplinary treatment appears safe and effective as a clinical protocol for establishing esthetic and functional rehabilitation in generalized stage IV/grade C periodontitis.
Natural history of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Singh Ankita , Kolhe Kailash , Kale Aditya , Shukla Akash
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim

Progression of liver disease in cirrhosis is associated with an increased incidence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhosis. However, evidence suggests that spontaneous recanalization of PVT may occur even without anti‐thrombotic therapy. Thus, the present meta‐analysis was conducted to study the natural history of PVT in cirrhosis, facilitating decisions regarding anticoagulation.

Methods

Three electronic databases were searched from 2000 to August 2022 for studies reporting the outcome of PVT in cirrhotics without anticoagulation. The pooled proportions with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effect model.

Results

A total of 26 studies (n = 1441) were included in the final analysis. Progression of PVT on follow‐up was seen in 22.2% (95% CI 16.1–28.4), while 77.7% (95% CI 71.6–83.9) remained non‐progressive (improved or stable). The most common outcome was a stable PVT with a pooled event rate of 44.6% (95% CI 34.4–54.7). The pooled rates of regression and complete recanalization of PVT in cirrhotics were 29.3% (95% CI 20.9–37.7) and 10.4% (95% CI 5.0–15.8), respectively. On follow‐up after improvement, pooled recurrence rate of PVT was 24.0% (95% CI 14.7–33.4). MELD score, and presence of ascites had a negative association, while a longer follow‐up duration had positive association with PVT regression.

Conclusion

Approximately 25% of the cases of PVT in cirrhosis are progressive, 30% cases improve, and 45% remain stable. Future studies are needed to analyze the predictors of spontaneous regression.
Common non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity groupings and clinical outcomes in older adults with major cardiovascular disease
Authors: Sison Stephanie Denise M. , Lin Kueiyu Joshua , Najafzadeh Mehdi , Ko Darae , Patorno Elisabetta , Bessette Lily G. , Zakoul Heidi , Kim Dae Hyun
Published: June 2023

Background

Among older adults, non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity often coexists with cardiovascular disease (CVD) but their clinical significance is uncertain. We identified common non‐cardiovascular comorbidity patterns and their association with clinical outcomes in Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), or atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

Using 2015–2016 Medicare data, we took 1% random sample to create 3 cohorts of beneficiaries diagnosed with AMI (n = 24,808), CHF (n = 57,285), and AF (n = 36,277) prior to 1/1/2016. Within each cohort, we applied latent class analysis to classify beneficiaries based on 9 non‐cardiovascular comorbidities (anemia, cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, dementia, depression, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and musculoskeletal disease). Mortality, cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular hospitalizations, and home time lost over a 1‐year follow‐up period were compared across non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity classes.

Results

Similar non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity classes emerged from the 3 CVD cohorts: (1) minimal, (2) depression‐lung, (3) chronic kidney disease (CKD)‐diabetes, and (4) multi‐system class. Across CVD cohorts, multi‐system class had the highest risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7–3.9), cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 1.6–3.3), non‐cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 3.1–7.2), and home time lost (rate ratio, 2.7–5.4). Among those with AMI, the CKD‐diabetes class was more strongly associated with all the adverse outcomes than the depression‐lung class. In CHF and AF, differences in risk between the depression‐lung and CKD‐diabetes classes varied per outcome; and the depression‐lung and multi‐system classes had double the rates of non‐cardiovascular hospitalizations than cardiovascular hospitalizations.

Conclusion

Four non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity patterns were found among Medicare beneficiaries with CHF, AMI, or AF. Compared to the minimal class, the multi‐system, CKD‐diabetes, and depression‐lung classes were associated with worse outcomes. Identification of these classes offers insight into specific segments of the population that may benefit from more than the usual cardiovascular care.
Geriatricians, general internists, and potentially inappropriate medications for a national sample of older adults
Authors: Vandergrift Jonathan L. , Weng Weifeng , Leff Bruce , Gray Bradley M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Older adults are often prescribed medications that are potentially dangerous and geriatricians have specialized training in treating polypharmacy that may benefit these patients. To examine this, we compared potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing rates between geriatricians and similar general internists in the United States.

Methods

Using national cross‐sectional data from 2013 to 2019, we compared annual PIM prescribing rates between 2815 outpatient geriatricians certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in 1994–2018 and general internists matched 1:1 on IM certification exam score and year, residency exam pass rate, gender, and US birth and/or US medical school. PIM prescribing was based on the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) PIM physician annual prescribing measures which consider medications flagged as potentially inappropriate in the American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria® guideline. We also examined prescribing of appropriate alternative medications. Prescribing rates were calculated as the percentage a physician's patients with Medicare fee‐for‐service part D enrollment seen in the outpatient setting in a given year (mean: 150 patients per physician) with a PIM prescription they prescribed.

Results

Across 30,677 physician‐year observations, geriatricians were 16.7% less likely (95% confidence interval (CI): −19.8 to −13.7, p < 0.001) to prescribe a PIM (7.2% versus 8.7% of patients respectively) and 2.7% more likely (95% CI: 0.8 to 4.5, p = 0.004) to prescribe an appropriate alternative medication (52.0% versus 50.7% of patients respectively). Lower PIM prescribing was observed for most medication sub‐types including central nervous system, anticholinergic, pain, and endocrine medications. In sensitivity analyses, differences in prescribing were similar when comparing recently trained physicians with more experienced physicians.

Conclusion

Findings suggest geriatricians in the United States prescribe PIMs at lower rates than general internists. This highlights the value geriatricians provide as well as opportunities to embed key principles of geriatric care into internal medicine training and health care delivery systems.
Treatment of Mood and Depressive Disorders With Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Efficacy Review
Authors: Cutler Jasmine B.R. , Pane Olivia , Panesar Simran K. , Updike Wendy , Moore Thea R.
Published: June 2023

There has been a steady increase in people with symptoms of depression over the past several years (since 2011). The further increase in stress and depression in the early part of the COVID‐19 pandemic was accompanied by an increase in unmet mental health needs. Many have turned to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies such as bright‐light therapy, yoga, meditation, and dietary supplements like St. John's wort or folic acid. The reliability of evidence for use of CAM therapies for depression has remained low. There are few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the current literature and poor methodology in many of the trials that are available. This state of the science review examines current published guidelines, meta‐analyses, systematic reviews, and RCTs regarding use of CAM therapies in the management of depression.
Whole‐brain neural connectivity to cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert
Authors: Chen Zhao‐yi , Yang Yao‐lian , Li Mai , Gao Lu , Qu Wei‐min , Huang Zhi‐li , Yuan Xiang‐shan
Published: June 2023

The cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) are a key structure in cognition, the dysfunction of which is associated with various neurological disorders, especially dementias. However, the whole‐brain neural connectivity to cholinergic neurons in the NBM remains to be further and comprehensively researched. Using virus‐based, specific, retrograde, and anterograde tracing, we illustrated the monosynaptic inputs and axon projections of NBM cholinergic neurons in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐Cre transgenic mice. Our results showed that NBM cholinergic neurons received mainly inputs from the caudate putamen and the posterior limb of the anterior commissure in the subcortex. Moreover, the majority of cholinergic terminals from the NBM were observed in the cortex mantle, including the motor cortex, sensory cortex, and visual cortex. Interestingly, although NBM cholinergic neurons received input projections from the caudate putamen, interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, and central amygdaloid nucleus, NBM cholinergic neurons sparsely sent axon projection to innervate these areas. Furthermore, primary motor cortex, secondary motor cortex, and primary somatosensory cortex received abundant inputs from the NBM but sent few outputs to the NBM. Taken together, our results reveal the detailed and specific connectivity of cholinergic neurons of the NBM and provide a neuroanatomic foundation for further studies to explore the important physiological functions of NBM cholinergic neurons.

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Transitional and aftercare needs of persons recovering from COVID‐19 using the Omaha System: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Wong Frances Kam Yuet
Published: June 2023

Aim

To identify and classify the transitional and aftercare needs of persons hospitalised with and recovering from COVID‐19.

Background

Several studies exist that describe the patient needs at the acute phase of COVID‐19. The transitional and aftercare needs that emerge during recovery, however, remain vague.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA extension guidelines for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Primary studies were identified from database search. Narrative synthesis was undertaken, with the Omaha System as a framework.

Results

Forty studies were included. Persons recovering from the infection may have several needs in all domains of the Omaha System. Although the severity and persistence of the needs may be unrelated to the severity of the initial infection, they may vary based on factors such as age and pre‐morbid factors.

Conclusion

Recovering from COVID‐19 is associated with varied biopsychosocial‐environmental needs which can adversely affect the quality‐of‐life experience. The review findings represent an inventory of needs that can guide the development of multi‐disciplinary post‐acute or aftercare programmes.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Recovering from COVID‐19 can be a protracted process requiring ongoing professional support after discharge. Policies are required to support the development and implementation of post‐acute programmes of care. Comprehensive transitional and aftercare rehabilitative programmes are needed to support the recovery process.