bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concurrent cranial and cervical spine injuries by associated injury mechanisms in traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: Hlwatika Pilasande , Hardcastle Timothy C.
Published: April 2022

Background: The incidence of concurrent traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cervical spine injury (c-spine) is relatively high, with a variety of risk factors.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and related factors associated with combined cranial and c-spine injury in TBI patients by assessing their demographics and clinical profiles.Method: A retrospective study of patients attending the Trauma Centre at the Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital as post head trauma emergencies and their CT brain and c-spine imaging performed between January 2018 and December 2018.Results: A total of 236 patients met the criteria for the study; 30 (12.7%) patients presented with concurrent c-spine injury. Most TBI patients were males (75%) and accounted for 70% of the c-spine injured patients. The most common mechanism of injury with a relationship to c-spine injury was motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) and/or pedestrian vehicle collisions (70%). The risk factors associated with c-spine injury in TBI patients were cerebral contusions (40%), traumatic subarachnoid haematomas (36%) and skull fractures (33.3%). The statistically significant intracranial injury type more likely to have an associated c-spine injury was diffuse axonal injury (p = 0.04).Conclusion: The results suggest that concurrent TBI and c-spine injury should be considered in patients presenting with a contusion, traumatic subarachnoid haematoma and skull fracture. The high incidence of c-spinal injury and more than 1% incidence of spinal cord injury suggests that c-spine scanning should be employed as a routine for post MVC patients with cranial injury.
Performance of second-trimester maternal biochemistry screening (quadruple test vs. triple test) for trisomy 21: An Indian experience
Authors: Sablok Aanchal , Sharma Akshatha , Ahmed Chanchal Singh , Kaul Anita
Published: April 2022

Background & objectives:

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common causes of developmental delay. In India, there is no protocol for prenatal screening of DS. Second-trimester biochemical screening is still being done by triple test. Quadruple test is with better sensitivity and specificity but is not advised routinely. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of the second-trimester screening (quadruple test with genetic sonogram) for trisomy 21 as compared to biochemical testing.

Methods:

This retrospective observational study was carried out in a Fetal Medicine Centre to analyze the odds of being affected with DS, given a positive risk (OAPR) upon screening in the quadruple test; triple test and quadruple test plus a genetic sonogram for high-risk singleton pregnancies (in view of advanced maternal age; an anomaly scan showing some abnormality, etc).

Results:

3175 high-risk singleton pregnancies were screened for trisomy 21. 394 women underwent amniocentesis on the basis of triple test, quadruple test or quadruple plus genetic sonogram positive. 17 foetuses were diagnosed to have DS. The quadruple test was found to have a higher OAPR as compared to the triple test (1:30.1 as compared to 1: 40.2). Quadruple test plus the genetic sonogram was found to have the highest OAPR of 1:6.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Best screening for trisomy 21 is provided with quadruple test with genetic sonogram which can lower the rates of unnecessary amniocentesis in high-risk population.
Purity of maltose-binding protein – Recombinant streptavidin expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (pD861-MBP
Authors: Subroto Toto , Maksum Iman Permana , Yusuf Muhammad , Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri , Opratami Wulan , Maharani Maulida
Published: April 2022

Nearly 95% of streptavidin which is expressed in Escherichia coli found as an inclusion body. Protein expressed in an inclusion body form requires further steps for the folding process related to its purification. Whereas the purity level of the recombinant streptavidin is very crucial mainly for the specification test in diagnostic system. In this study, we designed synthetic gene of streptavidin to be fused with maltose-binding protein (MBP) gene to enhance its solubility when expressed in E. coli BL21 (pD861-MBP: 327892) and purified using amylose resin with gradient column buffer. Based on the SDS-PAGE characterization, the majority of recombinant streptavidin was found in soluble than that of insoluble form. Recombinant streptavidin was found at its suitable size at 56.6 kDa in the soluble protein fraction with a concentration of 537.42 mg/L. The purest fraction of streptavidin recombinant was obtained at the 58th fraction in a concentration of 0.86 mg/L with purity level of 98.77%. Compared to the initial crude protein extract, the level of purity is lower, 6.03%. In summary, the MBP purification method improves the purity level and enhances the solubility of the recombinant streptavidin.
Mineral and Chemical Composition of Rudist Valves from Upper Cretaceous Limestones of Southern Istria, Croatia
Authors:   Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Tibljaš Darko , Moro Alan ,   Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Ostrež Željka ,   Crosco, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: April 2022

Turonian to late Santonian limestones of southern Istria are rich inrudist remains. The main aim of this study was to determine themineral and chemical composition of 22 samples of rudist valvesbelonging to the genera Durania, Praeradiolites, Radiolites, Gorjanoviciaand Vaccinites, and to explain any observed differences.X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses showed that in all the analysedsamples, the primary constituents of rudist shells, aragonite andlow-Mg calcite, were transformed into diagenetic low-Mg calcite.The strontium concentrations of all the analysed shells correspond topelagic bulk rock samples altered by diagenesis and are significantlylower than those for biological calcite. Observed differences in thechemical composition of diagenetically altered rudist shells belongingto different rudist genera, namely a slightly higher content of Srin specimens of Gorjanovicia and Durania and lower concentrationsof Mg in shells of Vaccinites are most probably the result of differentshell structures and original mineral constituents.
Lower Aptian Rudist Faunas (Bivalvia, Hippuritoidea) from Croatia
Authors:   Centre de Sédimentologie et Paléontologie, Université de Provence, Masse Jean-Pierre , Fenerci-Masse Mukerrem ,   Centre de Sédimentologie et Paléontologie, Université de Provence, Korbar Tvrtko ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Velić Ivo ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: April 2022

Lower Aptian rudist faunas from Croatia consist of Requienia? zlatarskiiPAQUIER, Toucasia sp., Agriopleura sp., Glossomyophoruscostatus MASSE, SKELTON & SLIŠKOVIĆ, Himeraelites sp. andOffneria sp. This assemblage has a clear Southern Tethyan (Arabo–African) significance and typifies the Early Aptian. Faunas from theinterior of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform in Istria are dominated byRequieniidae while those from the northeastern area in the vicinity ofTounj–Ogulin, close to the platform margin, exhibit a higher diversityand include, beside requieniids, Caprinidae, Caprotinidae and Monopleuridae, in conjunction with evidence of open marine conditions.
Treatment of Bolivian Leishmania braziliensis Cutaneous and Mucosal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Soto Jaime , Gutiérrez Patricia , Soto Paula , Paz David , Cayhuara Eduardo , Molina Carmen , Sánchez Mia , Berman Jonathan
Published: April 2022

Although infection with Leishmania braziliensis is perhaps the key reason to treat New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), the total literature contains relatively few reported cases. With the aim of supplementing the meager clinical information available, we searched the records of Jorochito (Dermatology) Hospital, Bolivia, for the years 1999–2020 and identified treatment records for 1,696 naive CL patients and 355 naive ML patients. Because follow-up was poor for this real-world treatment experience in the developing world, only 255 CL patients (15%) and 114 ML patients (32%) attended follow-up at Hospital. We therefore engaged in an Active Search for “lost” patients, located a further 542 CL patients (32%) and 142 ML patients (44%), thus eventually accomplished follow up on 697 CL patients (41%) and 256 ML patients (72%). Granular adverse event data derived from hospital records is listed for the 902 CL and 86 ML patients administered Glucantime intramuscularly, the 401 CL and 202 ML patients administered Glucantime intravenously, and the 163 CL and 89 ML patients administered miltefosine orally. Efficacy was obtained from hospital records for patients seen at hospital and from patient recall communicated by telephone for the patients found in the Active Search. The overall CL cure rate was 508 of 697 CL patients (73%) with follow-up: intramuscular Glucantime—196/293 (67%); intravenous Glucantime—90/126 (71%); intralesional Glucantime—34/54 (63%); oral miltefosine—52/69 (75%). The overall ML cure rate was 161 of 256 ML patients (63%) with follow-up: intramuscular Glucantime—26/48 (54%); intravenous Glucantime—66/104 (63%); intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate—19/35 (54%); oral miltefosine—50/71 (70%). We offer this extensive adverse event and efficacy experience as useful guides for clinicians presented with a L. braziliensis infection. The cure rates also illustrate the quandary of New World CL and ML chemotherapy: sufficiently high to be useful but nevertheless needing augmentation with new agents.
Responsible citizenship is more than a government label! : Faith-based values in the domestic domain
Authors: Freeks Professor Fazel Ebrihiam
Published: April 2022

Citizenship entails a relationship that is more than a label for individuals’ rights and duties. Responsible citizenship means acting responsibly towards peace, justice, human rights, good values, and social justice. Social justice connects with the idea of creating a society that is based on responsible citizenship and recognises the dignity of every human being. However, it seems that families face innumerable challenges when it comes to social justice. The world has come to see families as units where violence occurs. In South Africa, a devastated face for families is the issue of gender-based violence. South Africa has the highest rate of genderbased violence in the world. Domestic and sexual violence has marked the post-1994 democratic era. Women and children are abused and murdered and most of the perpetrators are the fathers in the homes. These challenges can be weighed against the plan God has for families. God intended families to be the building blocks of homes, the church and society,
and the first avenue where children can learn about Christ’s love, forgiveness, compassion, and about faith-based values. Children are a gift from God and Christian parents are obligated to teach them about him and about faith-based values. Christian families can play a significant role in their children’s spiritual development and their Christian worldview. Family is the prime envoy of socialisation that God created in the very beginning, and the church should be an ideal model for family life. Faith-based values in this context refer to religious, biblical, and Christian values. This paper explores this matter by means of a literature review of journal articles and books to explore the perspectives and views of other scholars in this field.
ANÁLISIS DE SOSTENIBILIDAD ECONÓMICA DEL SEGURO SOCIAL CAMPESINO (IESS), MANABÍ ZONA 4, EN EL PERÍODO 2015-2019
Authors: Moreira-Rosado Lilibeth Jaxmil , Cedeño-Pico María Rosalba
Published: April 2022

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la sostenibilidad económica del Seguro Social Campesino en Manabí zona 4 en los periodos 2015 - 2019, en la cual se utilizó la investigación descriptiva para determinar que reestructuraciones legales y económicas afectaron al IESS durante el periodo de estudio. El análisis obtenido mediante los balances presupuestarios muestra que partir del año 2017 se evidencia una brecha más pequeña entre lo codificado y lo ejecutado, notándose una mejor planificación en la gestión administrativa financiera. Aplicar indicadores de gestión para medir la eficiencia y eficacia es una manera de saber en qué áreas se debe fortalecer; finalmente se concluye que las estrategias propuestas son de carácter preventivas, es decir para controlar la gestión dentro del Seguro Social Campesino Manabí, Zona 4; debido a la poca incidencia que se tiene en las decisiones gubernamentales lo que se puede hacer es mejorar la gestión local.

Palabras claves: análisis, sostenibilidad, seguro social.
A New Predictive Machine-learning Approach for Detecting Creditworthiness of Borrowers
Authors: Hjouji Zaynab , M’hamdi Mohamed
Published: April 2022

We present in this paper a new approach for predicting creditworthiness of borrowers that we call “Method of splitting the learning set into two region”. The aim of this approach consists on the construction of two regions from a learning set, the first called "Solvency Region" that contains the feature vectors of the elements that have paid their financial obligations on time and the second one called "Non-Solvency Region", which contains the feature vectors of the elements that have defaulted in paying their debts. Therefore, to predict creditworthiness borrowers, it is sufficient to identify which of the two regions includes his feature vectors; if it doesn’t correspond to any region, the credit decision-making requires further analysis. To develop and test our predictive proposed approach, a large set of real and recent credit data obtained from the UCI repository is used, we trained also on a real credit database from a Moroccan bank and the creditworthiness of borrowers are analyzed using two performance measurement indicators such as Classification accuracy and the AUC of the ROC curve as a robustness measurement criteria. The proposed model was compared to three traditional machine-learning algorithms: LR, RBF-NN and the MLP-NN. The experimental results show the improved performance of our proposed predictive method for predicting creditworthiness of borrowers.
Factors Influencing the Satisfaction with the Family Planning Services among Women of Reproductive Age Seeking Services at Health Facilities in Siaya County, Kenya
Authors: Kinyoki Dennis Kimanzi , Onguru Dr. Daniel , Ayodo Dr. George
Published: April 2022

Client satisfaction is considered as one of the desired outcomes of health care and it is directly related to the utilization of health services. It reflects the gap between the expected and the experience of the service from the client's point of view. Currently, one of the most significant challenges in healthcare institutions is client retention as this problem has been largely attributed to the inherent lack of enough and satisfactory service to clients. It is against this background that the purpose of this facility-based, cross-sectional study was to investigate the factors influencing the satisfaction with the family planning services among women of reproductive age seeking services at health facilities in Siaya County, Kenya. The study was conducted among women of reproductive age seeking FP services in 4 sub-county public hospitals: Bondo, Ukwala, Madiany, and Yala, in Siaya County, as well as healthcare providers serving the women during the period of study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants in quantitative findings while the purposive sampling technique was used for qualitative data. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires for women receiving service and a key informant interview guide for healthcare workers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using STATA (v 15) while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Most (60.06%) of the clients served were aged between 20-24 years and 194 (56.56%) were married. The majority (92.71%) of the clients had high satisfaction with the services they received at the health facilities, and women with high levels of interaction with the providers were about 68% more likely to be satisfied with the FP services as compared to females with low provider-client interactions (OR= 0.68, p=.021<0.05). There was no statistically significant association between satisfaction and facility level, age category, marital status, who referred the females for FP services, the source of FP information, waiting time, cost of service, and level of education (α = 0.05). The Ministry of Health, through the individual health facilities and relevant stakeholders, should identify mechanisms of maintaining the satisfaction of women using family planning methods, while ensuring more information is provided by the mainstream healthcare workers.
Una cuestión de adecuada distancia: Benjamin y Heidegger sobre la obra de arte
Authors: Staroselsky Tatiana
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se explora la relación entre las ideas de Walter Benjamin y de Martin Heidegger en torno a la obra de arte y a su despliegue espacial. Para ello, se realiza una lectura conjunta de “La obra de arte en la época de su reproductibilidad técnica” y El origen de la obra de arte señalando como una coincidencia relevante la crítica a la concepción moderna de la relación del hombre con el mundo, articulada en torno a la oposición entre sujeto y objeto, que oculta, olvida o debilita la potencialidad transformadora de la experiencia. Asimismo, se analiza el escrito de Heidegger “La época de la imagen del mundo” a la luz de las reflexiones benjaminianas sobre la estetización y la crisis de la experiencia, señalando cercanías y oposiciones entre las ideas de ambos pensadores con el objetivo de enriquecer la comprensión de ambos corpus. En efecto, no es forzado decir que Heidegger fue un crítico lúcido e incansable de las formas de objetivación del mundo que lo comprenden, desde la teoría, pero no sin consecuencias importantes para la praxis, como un mero objeto de observación, control y medida. Aun así y como puede esperarse, más allá de las coincidencias, la diferencia crucial entre nuestros filósofos será, en un sentido muy profundo, política.
Quality Assessment of Drinking Water in Vehari District of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Nagina Naveed , Rehman Fazzal Ur , Hussain Shabbir , Ahmad Sheikh Asrar
Published: April 2022

The current study is performed to assess the physio-chemical characteristics and drinking water quality inthree Tehsils (Mailsi, Burewala and Vehari) of District Vehari, Punjab (Pakistan). The water samples of investigatedregions were subjected to physicochemical characterization (pH, EC, TDS, HCO3 -, CO3 -2 , Cl- , NO3 - , PO4 -3 , SO4 -3, Na+,K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Fe+2, Cu+2, Zn+2 and Mn+2). It was demonstrated that certain parameters were exceeding WHO standard limits. The water of Lalazar colony, college town, Y-Block and Sharqi colony was found unfit for drinking purposes soit may cause serious health concerns in the citizens of the investigated areas.
Climate and Weather Condition of Balochistan Province, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Saif Ullah , Shahab Surriya , Fani Muhammad Ishaque , Wahid Abdul , Hassan Mahmood Ul , Khan Aslam
Published: April 2022

The study discusses the climate of Balochistan with a special focus on the variation of weather conditiontaking into account the mean monthly precipitation, temperature, humidity, atmospheric circulation, air pressure,evapotranspiration and solar energy covering the time duration of 1931-2020 (normal data). The physical barriers thatbring variations in the climate of Balochistan contain geographical location, ocean, geomorphology, land use, naturalvegetation, and continental extent. Based on precipitation, the province has been divided into two main regions that arearid and semi-arid, while the temperature zones are hot, warm, mild and cool. The southern and eastern part of theprovince receives heavy rain in the summers (monsoon), whereas it is from the western depressions during the winterseason. Balochistan experiences four rainy seasons in winter (cold), pre-monsoon season (warm), monsoon season(hot), and post-monsoon season (mild). Owing to tropical (coastal) and sub-tropical continental characteristics, the areafamiliarizes two foremost seasons namely winter and summer. The summers of the area long for 5 months in hilly areaswhile 7 months in continental plains and coastal regions; whereas, winters cover five months in the plains and sevenmonths in the mountains. Based on the appropriation and fluctuation in climate constituents, Balochistan has beenclassified into two main, 6 meso, and 9 microclimate and weather zones. According to Global Climate Risk Index,2021, Pakistan has been ranked at 8th in the list of top ten global climate high-risk countries, which are exposed to theongoing climate change and requires attention to resolve the issue.
Prevention and Mitigation Management of Tunnel Collapse and Failure during ConstructionA ReviewPrevention and Mitigation Management of Tunnel Collapse and Failure during ConstructionA Review
Authors: Rehman Zahid Ur , Hussain Sajjad , Tahir Muhammad , Muhammad Noor , Sherin Saira , Dasti Nasrullah
Published: April 2022

Empirical and numerical methods of design play a vital role in assessing rock mass behaviour quantitativelyand qualitatively for the design of underground structures and support systems. The purpose of this research is to reviewthe techniques used for the management and prevention of failures that occur in rock mass for safe, stable, efficient, andeconomical design of support system for underground structures especially tunnels in diverse rock mass conditions.Failure of tunnels in rocks can occur during construction as well as during service; however, the former is very common.The most challenging task in tunnel construction is the rehabilitation and remedial process of the failed tunnel section.Unfortunately, due to differences in nature, shape, and type of failure, each case needs to be treated discretely andindependently. The risk of failure can be minimized by implementing prior preventive measures, while the success ofrehabilitation is based on better management of rehabilitation work. However, both prevention and rehabilitation needample investigative knowledge that can be learned from case histories. The current work is related to the prevention andmitigation methods of tunnel failure and collapses that occur during the early stages of tunnel designing.
The Role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Environmental Quality: An Empirical Analysis for South Asian Economies
Authors: Andlib Zubaria , Khan Adnan
Published: April 2022

: Present study is an attempt to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between ICT, financialdevelopment, governance effectiveness, and COE nexus in selected South Asian countries. The data were acquiredfrom WDI and applied FMOLS, DOLS, FEOLS methods of estimation for the period 1995-2019. It is observed thatICT has negative while financial development has a positive impact on COE in the case of four South Asianeconomies. Concerning the impact of governance on COE, it is observed that governance effectiveness is negativelyassociated with COE. It is evident from the empirical analysis that COE can be mitigated with effective governancepolicies.
A Comparison Between Schlumberger and Wenner Configurations in Delineating Subsurface Water Bearing Zones: A Case Study of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Niaz Abrar , Wan, Arbab Manzoor , Bibi Tehmina , Qureshi Javed Akhter , Rahim Sabit , Hameed Fahad , Shedayi Arshad Ali
Published: April 2022

The Schlumberger and Wenner Electrical Resistivity Survey techniques have been used in comparison for the determination of groundwater potential in District Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The terameter SAS4000 with accessories was used for data acquisition. The data were processed by employing IPI2WIN software to determine the depth, thickness and true resistivity of the subsurface layers. The present study indicated the subsurface depth coverage of Schlumberger configuration is greater than Wenner configuration. The apparent resistivity maps using both Wenner and Schlumberger techniques at the same locations have been prepared at 3m, 4m, 9m, 10m, 27m, 30m, 50m, 51m, 100m, and 150m depths respectively for groundwater assessment. The differences in resistivity contour closures, in both types of maps, arise due to lateral variations of subsurface lithology. Longitudinal conductance, transverse resistance and anisotropic maps were also prepared. The different contour closures in the Wenner map were due to mixed lithology of alluvium with variable water contents. The subsurface geology i.e. clay, sandstone boulder clay, and dry sandy soil were interpreted which are in close agreement with the surface geology of the area. The aquifers of the project area are designated as confined and unconfined good water potential indicated by low values of resistivity. The water-bearing strata consist of sand, gravel, boulder clay and sandy clay.
Ambient Air Quality Assessment in Karachi, Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Idress Muhammad , Nergis Yasmin , Butt Jawad Abdullah , Sharif Mughal
Published: April 2022

Pakistan’s urban air pollution is amongst the utmost severity in the world that causes acute damage to the economy and human health. This study was designed for the assessment of ambient air quality in different areas of Karachi. The data were collected as pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season from main industrial zones of Karachi, S.I.T.E area, North Karachi industrial area, Korangi industrial area and Landhi industrial area in the year of 2017-2019. These zones are also a blend of industrial, residential, commercial and heavy traffic zones with dense populations. Ambient air data were collected for different pollutants like Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Particulate Matters (TSPM, PM10 and PM2.5). It is observed that in pre-monsoon, there is quite high intensity of particulate matter (TSPM, PM10 & PM2.5) present in the air, whereas CO and NO2 values found in all four zones are moderate in the air samples as prescribed by Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) standards. It is observed specifically in Landhi, S.I.T.E Area and Korangi industrial area which are more prone to the exposure of these pollutants. In post-monsoon, the intensity of particulate matters (TSPM, PM10 & PM2.5), CO and NO2 values in all four zones are less to moderate than the values of pre-monsoon due to the seasonal effects. Study data shows that three major zones; Landhi, Korangi and S.I.T.E. industrial areas are at a high exposure to gases and other toxic elements. North Karachi is at the least risk because of having a small scale of industries present. The PM10 & PM2.5 levels average about 2 - 3-fold greater than the SEPA standards. High levels of ambient air pollutants cause severe health problems and chronic diseases on human health. Therefore the implementation of rules and regulations regarding ambient air pollutants should be more rigorous. .
Spatiotemporal Impact of Precipitation Trend on LULC Using Satellite Remote Sensing Technique in Khirthar National Park, Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Soomro Abdul Ghani , Mahar Gohar Ali , Memon Aneela Hameem , Gadeh Mumtaz Ali , Azam Muhammad
Published: April 2022

: Water footprint techniques are extensively used for essential life chores. It also maintains the naturalecosystem. The variations in climatic spell are not only important to investigate the past and current scenarios, but it isalso useful to develop the water resource projects. The current study explored the spatial-temporal climatic variation ofdry and wet periods (between 1998 and 2010) using the digital image processing technique of ENVI (Environment forVisualizing Images) classics, satellite remote sensing g (SRS), and GIS. The results are organized for the reported periodi.e. between 1998 and 2010, showing the change detection of the hydrological effect in the dry and wet years. It shows asignificant change in the land use land cover (LULC) of vegetation, water, settlement, and ephemeral rivers followed by91%, 97.45%, 94.40%, and 62.94 % respectively through the wet year of 2010, in association with the dry period of1998. For more authentications, the Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) image difference of the wet anddry period has also been evaluated, which has shown vegetation in large areas with more water potential in the wet year2010. The water potential can be used by diverting it to the natural depressions, ditches, and ponds for storage purposesand to increase recharge of groundwater by increasing its quality and quantity. The stored water could be utilized in thedrought-prone days for sustainable agriculture activities, to reduce the migration rate of the community, and to improvethe socio-economic conditions in the study area of Khirthar National Park.
An Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose in Tando Adam City of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Naz Humaira , Bano2 Shella , Memon Kashif Ahmed , Sahito Ali Ghulam
Published: April 2022

The present study is aimed to assess the groundwater quality of Tando Adam city of district Sanghar, Sindh. Total twenty groundwater samples were randomly collected from handpump wells installed on different locations at various depths (50-90ft). The groundwater samples were analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological parameters to determine suitability for drinking purposes. Analytical results showed that most of water samples have elevated contents of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) exceeding the permissible limit (<1000mg/l) for drinking water. The concentration of cations (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+ , K+ ) and anions (Cl- , HCO3 - , SO4 -2 ) were so high that World Health Organization (WHO) standards seem overcrossing in >80% water samples. Local geology, poor irrigation practices, and anthropogenic activities are responsible for higher ion concentrations in the area. Furthermore, Microbiological contamination was found positive in half of the groundwater samples due to sewage contamination, poor sanitation and dumping of waste near well sites. The groundwater quality of the study area is highly contaminated and not suitable for human consumption but despite being commonly used for drinking purpose.
Comparison of CFD methods with air drag test values for commercial vehicles
Authors:   Applus+ IDIADA, SPAIN, Albert Gascón-Vallbona Albert Gascón-Vallbona , Marc Soler Aldea Marc Soler Aldea ,   Applus+ IDIADA, SPAIN
Published: April 2022

"This paper presents the work carried out by Applus+ IDIADA on the effect that trailer drag reducing devices have on the overall truck aerodynamic performance, as well as proving the applicability and feasibility of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as alternative approach to Constant Speed Testing (CST) when predicting the changes in CDxA [m2]. Out of all possible solutions for reducing aerodynamic resistance on semitrailers, boat tails and side skirts seem to be the most popular devices nowadays. Other potential drag reduction devices such as vortex generators, trailer diffusers or trailer undertrays have also been identified and are not rare in other markets with a more mature regulation regarding CO2 emissions, such as the United States. For starters, simple and non-commercial shapes mimicking a 400mm boat tail and a short version of trailer side skirts, covering only the side ride protection bars, were manufactured and tested at the IDIADA Proving Ground facilities according to the test procedure described in Annex 8 of the Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 of 12 December 2017. The vehicle configuration consisted of an IVECO Stralis equipped with their Hi-Way Cabin from 2016 and a standard semitrailer “ST1” manufactured by Schmitz Cargobull. In total, four different configurations were tested, consisting of the standard configuration (C00) and its variants: Boat tail (C01), side skirts (C02) and both devices mounted together (C03). This later configuration was also used to identify potential effects when mounting more than one device at a time. Parallel to the experimental approach, the corresponding virtual 3D models were built and simulated with the commercial code STAR-CCM+® by SIEMENS following two different strategies: steady-state and transient approaches. This work shows the potential of virtual tools, such as CFD, proving the accuracy in which not only changes in aerodynamic resistance are predicted, but also absolute drag coefficient values and, as a consequence, opening the door to potential future virtual homologation processes."
Coupling Analysis of Control Parameters and Mechanical Parameters in Torsional Vibration of Electro-mechanical Transmission
Authors:   Beijing Institute of Technology, CHINA, Wei Zhang Wei Zhang , Hui Liu Hui Liu ,   Beijing Institute of Technology, CHINA, TAHA MAHMOUD ,   Beijing Institute of Technology, EGYPT, Zhang Xun ,   Beijing Institute of Technology, CHINA, Wu Yuhao ,   Beijing Institute of Technology, CHINA, Wang Zhen ,   Beijing Institute of Technology, CHINA
Published: April 2022

Due to the load fluctuation and engine complex excitation, the vehicle high-power electro-mechanical transmission system (EMT) is facing serious impact vibration problems. Reducing torsional vibration is one of the key paths to improve the reliability and comfort of the hybrid electro-mechanical transmission system. The system is accompanied by torsional vibration in the closed-loop operation. It is found that the torsional vibration response of the system is obviously affected by the coupling between the control parameters and the mechanical parameters. In order to reveal the mechanism of the coupling effect between the control parameters and the mechanical parameters of the system on the torsional vibration response of the system, a multi degree of freedom lumped parameter dynamic model of the hybrid electromechanical transmission system is established, and the inherent vibration characteristics of the system without the control force are analyzed. Then, the optimal steady-state torque control law, based on the Lyapunov stability principle and the state feedback method, is designed to achieve the coordinated torque distribution of multiple power ports in the transmission system. Based on the design of the control law, the vibration characteristics of the transmission system under the action of closed-loop control are simulated in MATLAB with the controller parameters as variables, and compared with the natural vibration characteristics of the open-loop system without control. The simulation results show that the control parameters of the torque control system of the electro-mechanical transmission system can change the position distribution of the poles of the system, thus significantly changing the vibration response characteristics of the system. The coupling relationship between the controller parameters and the mechanical parameters of the system is formed in the torsional vibration. Appropriate steady-state control methods and parameters is not only beneficial to improving the steady-state response of the system, but also to improving the NVH performance of the system.
The Effectiveness of Socioscientific Issue-Based Petroleum Materials Integrated with The Elsmawar Website on Studentsâ€™ Scientific Literacy
Authors: Rahayu Indang Dwi , Permanasari Anna , Heliawati Leny
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Socioscientific Issue (SSI)-based petroleum materials integrated with the eLSMAWAR website on studentsâ€™ scientific literacy during the COVID-19 Pandemic. However, it still targets the achievement of 21st-century skills, namely scientific literacy competencies. Scientific literacy is needed as a skill that can answer the demands of the 21st-century era, as a problem solver that is competitive, innovative, creative, collaborative, and has character. This research method uses Research and Development (R D), which refers to Borg and Gallâ€™s development model. The instrument used in this study was an expert validation sheet filled in by a validator which was useful for knowing whether it was feasible or not to develop. Students are given ten descriptive questions on a 1-4 Likert scale to determine the effect of teaching materials on scientific literacy. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive quantitative. Expert validation resulted in an average percentage of 87% on material, presentation, language, and legibility aspects. For the validation of chemistry educators, the mean score of CVI for the language aspect and legibility is 0.80; the material aspect is 0.86; for the presentation, aspect is 0.84. This means that based on chemistry experts and educators, the criteria for SSI-based petroleum materials integrated with the eLSMAWAR website are appropriate/valid and very suitable for use. The scientific literacy test results obtained an N-Gain of 0.66, which means that the SSI-based teaching materials integrated with the eLSMAWAR website are quite effective in improving studentsâ€™ scientific literacy. The research concludes that the teaching material based on Socioscientific Issue (SSI) integrated with the eLSMAWAR website on studentsâ€™ scientific literacy with three indicators of scientific literacy is following the demands of the implementation of 21st-century skills.
Overview to Candidiasis
Authors: Al-Garawi Noor Alhouda D. , Suhail Ammar A. , Meri Marwa Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Candida is a kind of yeast, is a fungus that infects the body.Candidiasis is known as yeast contagion because the infecting agent is a yeast, Candida albicans. Candida albicans are the pathogens that are of much significance which are present everywhere and mostly reside along side plentiful bacteria near mouth, gastrointestinal tract and vagina. Hippocrates was the first person to describe candidiasis in 1849. Candidiasis of the mouth is termed as Thrush. Cutaneous candidiasis is a skin infection that occurs in parts of the skin that have very little ventilation and are rarely moist. Deep Candidiasis occurs when fungi infiltrate the body, enter the bloodstream, and spread throughout the body.Treatment methodology are different for each case. Natural prevention is mandatory to safe yourself from being a victim to disease
Antibacterial Efficacy of Casuarina Cunninghamiana Extracts Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Al-Hadad Ayaat , AL-Zubaidy Fatima. H.
Published: April 2022

The objective of study prepare extract of Casuarina  cunninghamiana leave, fruit and bark  against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods: collect and prepare sample ,phytochemicals , identifying antibacterial activity. Results: The results  indicated to effect of  bacteria  having  higher value of inhibition zone of leaves  compared with fruit and bark . Methanolic extract proceed both hot  water and ethanolic extract in its effect and increased activity of extracts with increased  concentration (500,250.125,62.5)mg/ml .Conclusion: Methanoic extracts proceed both  hot aqueous and ethanolic extracts in its antibacterial activity against G+ve  than G-ve .
PERAN MAHASISWA DALAM MEMBERIKAN PEMAHAMAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT TERKAIT COVID – 19 AGAR TETAP PRODUKTIF DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Sulistyo Arif Budi
Published: April 2022

KKM (Kuliah Kerja Mahasiswa) is a forum for college students to apply their knowledge gained at universities and play an active role in potential development by providing knowledge of Covid-19 to the community to encourage them remain productive during the pandemic. The main purpose of dedication is to fulfill one aspect of Tri Dharma University, namely dedication of college student to community and making village communities become independent. The method used is observation of the social condition’s community, socialization of the work program, then counselling and assistance to the village community. The result of dedication is through empowerment to make villages stronger and independent, such as in the field of education, by teaching elementary school students to read, count and provide knowledge about Covid-19, then in the health sector, by providing counselling about the impact of covid virus, also distributed masks and hand sanitizer to residents, then in the field of hygiene is by making trash cans to be placed at several points
PENGENALAN APLIKASI MATEMATIKA DESMOS DI SMP PLUS ABU CHAMID
Authors: Hasanah Huswatun
Published: April 2022

Keterampilan guru mendesain pembelajaran sangat penting dalam proses pembelajaran peserta didiknya. Apalagi saat ini, perkembangan teknologi informasi sudah semakin mewarnai dunia pendidikan dan peserta didik butuh media pembelajaran yang berbasis teknologi agar tidak monoton saat belajar. Kegiatan pengenalan aplikasi matematika Desmos ini dilaksanakan bertujuan sebagai salah satu cara agar peserta didik mudah dalam menggambar sketsa grafik dari persamaan yang diberikan sekaligus menemukan koordinat titik potong dari beberapa grafik. Hasil dari kegiatan ini yaitu peserta didik mudah menggambar berbagai grafik berdasarkan persamaan matematika yang diinput ke dalam aplikasi tersebut. Selain itu, peserta didik juga dapat mencari koordinat titik potong dari beberapa grafik ketika menggunakan aplikasi tersebut.
PEMBERDAYAAN KULINER LOKAL DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI NASI MANDHI RABEG BERBASIS CREATIVITY DIGITAL MARKETING OF VEGETARIAN FOOD DI KOTA CILEGON
Authors: Pancasasti Ranthy , Rigel Steven Ichal , Putri Amalia , Fitriani Jessi , Susanti Melliana Regita , Nurhaliza Nadia Rizky , Fauzan Izan , Maulana Rizka
Published: April 2022

During the current pandemic, the COVID-19 virus has worsened the state of the Indonesian economy. What's more, our society is required to be able to fulfill daily nutrition as a preventive measure from the Corona virus. So, in order to improve the basic nutrition of the community every day, the PPM team created a program based on Creativity Digital Marketing of Vegetarian Food with the theme of local culinary Rabeg Vegetarian and Nasi Mandhi. Before the PPM program was implemented, Rabeg from Cilegon was a culinary dish in the form of mutton stew that has a spicy taste. After the PPM program was implemented, Rabeg had a unique taste because it was made from soybeans in the form of tofu and tempeh combined with Rabeg spices. Meanwhile, Nasi Mandhi, before the PPM program was implemented, was in the form of spiced rice which was usually served with mutton or chicken. After the PPM program was implemented, Nasi Mandhi was combined with Vegetarian Rabeg as a meat substitute, as well as emping crackers and balado egg sauce as a complement. The method/approach used to manage the Vegetarian Rabeg and Nasi Mandhi is participatory, from planning to evaluation, which is carried out directly or indirectly, for example through seminars, coaching home industry owners for Vegetarian Rabeg and Nasi Mandhi. As well as information about local culinary rabeg and the process of making it through electronic media in the form of Instagram @kelclgraberian.
KKN TEMATIK UNTIRTA : PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN NATA DE COCO DAN PELATIIHAN DIGITAL MARKETING DI DESA RAMAYA KECAMATAN MENES KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Apip Abdul , D M Ikhlas Rury , Ramansyah Alysa Citrifolia Budi
Published: April 2022

Student Work Lecture is a form of community service carried out by universities through student activities as part of the course. The form of PT's contribution to the problems faced by the community through KKM activities as an effort to get closer to PT and also make students as agents of change change and community empowerment. KKM Regular 1 Untirta is carried out still in the Covid-19 pandemic situation, where this pandemic has a very significant impact on all aspects of people's lives, especially in the economic sector and community welfare. The impact is in the form of job cuts, limited employment of other workers, and for people who have businesses or act as sellers, there is a decrease in sales turnover. This is the background in the regular KKM 1 Untirta activities in Ramaya Village, Menes District, Pandeglang Regency, education is carried out to the community through nata de coco manufacturing training activities and digital marketing training through market places to the community. Ramaya Villagers mostly work in the agricultural sector where Ramaya Village has the potential for plantation products in the form of coconuts, palm trees and abundant melinjo fruit, for coconut fruit itself has not been optimized for its benefits, only limited to utilization for cooking needs in the household. Educational activities by the KKM 1 Group are carried out gradually, for phase 1 in the form of digital marketing training education activities and stage 2 training in making nata de coco from coconut water. From the results of these educational activities, it is hoped that the people of Ramaya Village can take advantage of the potential of coconut water into food that can be traded through simple marketing and can increase through digital marketing in the market place
Enseñanza del género Tesina (TFG) en Ingeniería Civil-Minería: Recursos para la escritura académica en español
Authors: Insúa Enrique Sologuren , Núñez Carmen Gloria , Becerra Nelson
Published: April 2022

El trabajo final de grado representa un desafío para los estudiantes que se encuentran en la etapa terminal de su carrera universitaria, ya que se trata de un género que promueve la integración de los conocimientos y competencias disciplinares complejas necesarias para un adecuado desempeño profesional. Esta investigación aplicada tiene como objetivos: analizar el género TFG y diseñar recursos didácticos informados para el abordaje de este género. El marco teórico se basa en la pedagogía de género y la metodología es cualitativa. Los resultados caracterizan un tipo de género que moviliza conocimientos y habilidades de escritura académica en diferentes dimensiones discursivas, procesuales, lingüísticas y normativas que constituyen un reto para el aprendizaje en la disciplina. A partir de lo anterior, se diseñaron un conjunto de recursos didácticos para abordar estos desafíos en el aula de ingeniería y lograr la acreditación del conocimiento y la construcción de la identidad profesional.
Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Pregnancy and Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in North Indian Population
Authors:   M.S. OBG DNB MNAMS Consultant OBG, Shri Balaji hospital & nursing college, District, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. Pin-176001, Verma Dr. Divya
Published: April 2022

Background: Significant alterations in maternal lipid metabolism occur during pregnancy. gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most commonly seen metabolic disorder during pregnancy. The association between dyslipidemia and GDM is unclear. Methods: The study population was from pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi. Ethical clearance was granted by the ethical committee of the institute. Patients who attended the clinic at or before 28 weeks of gestation and were willing to participate were included in the study and venous sample was taken for lipid profile in fasting state. Lipid levels were compared in GDM and non GDM patients. Findings: Total 936 patients were recruited in the study and out of these 64 patients were diagnosed as GDM. The mean values of total serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were 194.89+35.96 mg/dl, 170.96+46.69 mg/dl and 50.1+7.16 mg/dl respectively in all pregnant patients. The levels of total serum cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher in patients with GDM than in patients without GDM (p<0.001), whereas the difference in HDL cholesterol was not significant between two groups. Interpretation: Triglyceride levels are raised in all pregnant patients. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels a significantly raised in GDM patients in comparison to non GDM patients.