bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Coarsening of Autonomous System Networks
Authors: Garcia-Robledo Alberto , Diaz-Perez Arturo , Morales-Luna Guillermo
Published: April 2016

This Chapter studies the correlations among well-known complex network metrics and presents techniques to coarse the topology of the Internet at the Autonomous System (AS) level. We present an experimental study on the linear relationships between a rich set of complex network metrics, to methodologically select a subset of non-redundant and potentially independent metrics that explain different aspects of the topology of the Internet. Then, the selected metrics are used to evaluate graph coarsening algorithms to reduce the topology of AS networks. The presented coarsening algorithms exploit the k-core decomposition of graphs to preserve relevant complex network properties.
Connectivity and Structure in Large Networks
Authors: Xu Rupei , Faragó András
Published: April 2016

Graph models play a central role in the description of real life complex networks. They aim at constructing graphs that describe the structure of real systems. The resulting graphs, in most cases, are random or random-like; so it is not surprising that there is a large literature on various classes of random graphs and networks. Our key motivating observation is that often it is unclear how the strength of the different models compare to each other, e.g., when will a certain model class contain another. We are particularly interested in random graph models that arise via (generalized) geometric constructions. This is motivated by the fact that these graphs can well capture wireless communication networks. We set up a general framework to compare the strength of random network models, and present some results about the equality, inequality and proper containment of certain model classes.
Evolutionary Computation Techniques for Community Detection in Social Network Analysis
Authors: Garg Abhishek , Biswas Anupam , Biswas Bhaskar
Published: April 2016

Community detection is a topic of great interest in complex network analysis. The basic problem is to identify closely connected groups of nodes (i.e. the communities) from the networks of various objects represented in the form of a graph. Often, the problem is expressed as an optimization problem, where popular optimization techniques such as evolutionary computation techniques are utilized. The importance of these approaches is increasing for efficient community detection with the rapidly growing networks. The primary focus of this chapter is to study the applicability of such techniques for community detection. Our study includes the utilization of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with their numerous variants developed specifically for community detection. We have discussed several issues related to community detection, GA, PSO and the major hurdles faced during the implication of evolutionary approaches. In addition, the chapter also includes a detailed study of how these issues are being tackled with the various developments happening in the domain.
Differential Evolution Dynamic Analysis in the Form of Complex Networks
Authors: Skanderova Lenka , Zelinka Ivan
Published: April 2016

In this work, we investigate the dynamics of Differential Evolution (DE) using complex networks. In this pursuit, we would like to clarify the term complex network and analyze its properties briefly. This chapter presents a novel method for analysis of the dynamics of evolutionary algorithms in the form of complex networks. We discuss the analogy between individuals in populations in an arbitrary evolutionary algorithm and vertices of a complex network as well as between edges in a complex network and communication between individuals in a population. We also discuss the dynamics of the analysis.
On Mutual Relations amongst Evolutionary Algorithm Dynamics and Its Hidden Complex Network Structures
Authors: Zelinka Ivan
Published: April 2016

In this chapter, we do synthesis of three partially different areas of research: complex networks, evolutionary computation and deterministic chaos. Ideas, results and methodologies reported and mentioned here are based on our previous results and experiments. We report here our latest results as well as propositions on further research that is in process in our group (http://navy.cs.vsb.cz/). In order to understand what is the main idea, lets first discuss an overview of the two main areas: complex networks and evolutionary algorithms.
An Overview of Machine Learning in Medical Image Analysis
Authors: Narasimhamurthy Anand
Published: April 2016

Medical image analysis is an area which has witnessed an increased use of machine learning in recent times. In this chapter, the authors attempt to provide an overview of applications of machine learning techniques to medical imaging problems, focusing on some of the recent work. The target audience comprises of practitioners, engineers, students and researchers working on medical image analysis, no prior knowledge of machine learning is assumed. Although the stress is mostly on medical imaging problems, applications of machine learning to other proximal areas will also be elucidated briefly. Health informatics is a relatively new area which deals with mining large amounts of data to gain useful insights. Some of the common challenges in health informatics will be briefly touched upon and some of the efforts in related directions will be outlined.
The Combination of Adaptive Filters to Improve the Quality of Medical Images in New Wavelet Domain
Authors: Binh Nguyen Thanh , Tuyet Vo Thi Hong
Published: April 2016

Most of medical images not only have noise but also have blur. This problem reduces the quality of images and influences diagnostic process of medical specialists because a small detail in a medical image is very useful for treatment process. This chapter explores the new generation wavelets, which provides the basic framework for the development of adaptive techniques to improve the quality of medical images. The process of the method for improving medical images includes: decompose of medical images in nonsubsampled contourlet domain and calculate the coefficients of Bayesian thresholding combined with Lucy Richard to reconstruct the medical images. For demonstrating the superiority of the method, the results of the proposed method are compared with the results of the other methods in new generation wavelet domain.
Classification of Magnetic Resonance Image and Segmentation of Brain Tissues for Tumor Detection
Authors: Pushparaj Manjula , J Arokia Renjith , P Mohan Kumar
Published: April 2016

Advancing techniques in image processing has led to many inventions and provides valuable support especially in medical fields to identify and analyze the diseases. MRI images are chosen for detection of brain tumor as they are used in soft tissue determinations. Brain tumor is one of the severe diseases in the field of medicine. Early identification of disease increases the chances for successful treatment. Classification and Segmentation plays a vital role in identifying the disease. First, image Pre-processing is used to enhance the image quality. Subsequently, Decomposition is performed using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform to analysis texture of an image and features are extracted using Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix. Then, Neuro-Fuzzy and Neural Network can be used to categorize the types of Brain Tumor such as normal, benign and malignant. Finally, tumor region is detected using Kernel weighted clustering method by segmenting the brain tissues and also to find the size of the tumor.
Adoption of Virtualization in Cloud Computing
Authors: Khan Nusratullah , Shah Asadulah , Nusratullah Kajal
Published: April 2016

There has been rapid expansion of the information technology due to contribution to emission of carbon dioxide. The cloud computing technology has been perceived to present solution to various studies that try to investigate on the most appropriate ways of reducing the carbon dioxide gas emissions. The current study aimed at investigating the adoption of virtualization in cloud computing as a means through which the green computing can be achieved. According to the paper virtualization among its many process helps in curtailing equipment required through cloud computing resources to facilitate adequate use of resources to make use of energy and assets.
Determining the Mineral Apposition Rate of Heterotopie Ossification in Military Healthcare System Patients after Total Joint Replacement: A Case Series
Authors: Isaacson B.M. , Potter B.K. , Bloebaum R.D. , Epperson R.T. , Kawaguchi B. , Swanson T.M. , Pasquina P.F.
Published: April 2016

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is frequently reported following total joint replacement (TJR) surgery. Symptomatic HO may limit the range of motion, cause pain, and require surgical excision. Deciding an appropriate time for ectopic bone excision is based on clinical judgment, and a more well-defined link between clinical predictors and histological analysis is needed to minimize recurrence. A case series was performed with military healthcare system patients undergoing TJR, who required removal of periarticular ectopic bone. Patients were prescribed oxytetracycline to assess the mineral apposition rate (MAR; ie, bone growth rate) of HO, and excised specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Two males and one female were enrolled in this study, with height of 69.0 ± 7.8 inches, weight of 237.7 ± 28.3 pounds, and age of 61 ± 7 years at the time of HO removal. Ectopic bone occurred in two cases following total knee arthroplasty and one total hip arthroplasty. Data indicated that MAR levels were 1.7 times higher than that reported previously for nonpathological human bone (1.7 ± 0.7 µm/day; range: 1.3–2.6 µm/day), and microscopic imaging confirmed that the osseous tissues were still actively remodeling at the time of surgical intervention. Further characterization is needed to optimize HO excision timing and to better understand this pathological bone disorder.
On the spectrum and numerical range of tridiagonal random operators
Authors: Hagger Raffael
Published: April 2016

In this paper we derive an explicit formula for the numerical range of (non-selfadjoint) tridiagonal random operators. As a corollary we obtain that the numerical range of such an operator is always the convex hull of its spectrum, this (surprisingly) holding whether or not the random operator is normal. Furthermore, we introduce a method to compute numerical ranges of (not necessarily random) tridiagonal operators that is based on the Schur test. In a somewhat combinatorial approach we use this method to compute the numerical range of the square of the (generalized) Feinberg–Zee random hopping matrix to obtain an improved upper bound to the spectrum. In particular, we show that the spectrum of the Feinberg–Zee random hopping matrix is not convex.
Teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de Jacaranda micranta
Authors: Souza Gabriela Fernanda , Garlet Juliana , Delazeri Pricila
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de lotes de sementes de Jacaranda micranta Cham., pelo teste de condutividade elétrica. Foram utilizados três lotes de sementes, armazenados por diferentes períodos. O teste de condutividade elétrica foi realizado em diferentes quantidades de sementes e água deionizada para embebição, sendo depois associados a dados de germinação e vigor. Foi observado que quanto maior o tempo de armazenamento das sementes, maior seu valor de condutividade elétrica e, consequentemente, menor seu vigor de germinação. Verificou-se também que as diferentes quantidades de sementes e de volume de água na embebição não apresentam diferença significativa. Assim, recomenda-se a utilização de 50 sementes em 75 mL de água deionizada.Electrical condutivity test in Jacaranda micacrantha seedsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of Jacaranda micranta Cham. seeds, by electrical conductivity test. We used three lots of seeds, stored for different periods. Electrical conductivity tests were conducted at different amounts of seeds and deionised water for soaking, and then they were associated with germination and vigour data. It was observed that the longer the seeds were storage, the greater their electrical conductivity, and therefore the lower were their germination vigour. It was also observed that different quantities of seeds and soaking water did not present significant difference, so it is recommended to use 50 seeds in 75 mL of deionised water.Index terms: Vigor tests; Forest species; Caroba; Physiological quality of seeds
Seguimiento de los trabajos de conservación de la piedra. La fachada de la iglesia de San Isidoro de Oviedo
Authors: Valdeón Luis , Esbert Rosa Mª
Published: April 2016

En el artículo se describen los distintos aspectos científico-técnicos que se llevaron a cabo durante el seguimiento de la intervención en la piedra de la fachada de la iglesia de San Isidoro de Oviedo, cuyos planteamientos metodológicos fueron expuestos en un artículo precedente publicado en LOGGIA nº 3. Los estudios se enmarcan dentro de cada una de las etapas de intervención y describen las distintas pruebas de laboratorio, tanto para valorar la idoneidad y seleccionar los morteros de unión y reintegración como para optimizar los diversos métodos de limpieza.
Recomposición de un espacio arquitectónico para la recuperación de un gran fresco medieval La abadía de San Zeno en Verona
Authors: Cecchini Libero
Published: April 2016

La puesta en valor de un gran fresco medieval ubicado en la Abadía de San Zeno forma parte de las intervenciones acometidas en este conjunto en las últimas dos décadas, que se han explicado en parte en el artículo anterior. Las cuestiones surgidas durante la operación han requerido la aplicación de una metodología rigurosa de investigación y restauración donde la colaboración interdisciplinar entre arqueólogos, arquitectos, ingenieros, geólogos, químicos y restauradores ha resultado fundamental para llevar a buen puerto la recuperación de una pintura de gran valor histórico y artístico.
Impostación del patio del Embajador Vich en el ex-convento del Carmen (Valencia)
Authors: Estaban Chapapría Julián
Published: April 2016

La demolición del singular Palacio del Embajador Vich en 1859 trajo consigo la dispersión de los restos de su magnífico patio renacentista que, en parte, fueron impostados en el refectorio gótico del ex-Convento del Carmen de Valencia en 1909. El hallazgo de otro conjunto de fragmentos del patio en el Museo de Bellas Artes de la ciudad ha despertado la iniciativa del desmontaje de las piezas integradas en el refectorio y la recomposición museística del patio con los fragmentos que se conservan. El presente artículo defiende la intervención ecléctica de principios de siglo y plantea dudas sobre la oportunidad de esta doble operación.
La recuperación del patio del palacio del Embajador Vich (Valencia)
Authors: Vila Ferrer Salvador
Published: April 2016

En este escrito se presentan los argumentos de la otra parte en la polémica sobre la reconstrucción del patio del Palacio del Embajador Vich que se ha iniciado en el artículo anterior. El autor justifica la necesidad de esta operación de recomposición en aras de un rescate arquitectónico de la memoria perdida, no sólo del extraordinario patio renacentista sino también del refectorio gótico del ex-Convento del Carmen, donde sostiene la bondad añadida de la operación de desmontaje y liberación. La redacción de LOGGIA desea con estos dos artículos servir como foro de debate a esta delicada controversia que implica conceptos como desmontaje, derrestauración, traslado, recreación o reconstrucción de fragmentos dispersos de nuestro patrimonio arquitectónico.
La alquería de Barrinto en Valencia. Investigación arqueológica
Authors: Algarra Victor
Published: April 2016

Este texto, que reúne las investigaciones históricas y arqueológicas en torno a la intervención de rehabilitación de la alquería de Barrinto, sirve de complemento al anterior en su análisis profundizado sobre la evolución de este edificio histórico en particular que, a la postre, refleja la transformación arquitectónica de otras construcciones vinculadas a la explotación agrícola, a medida que han ido modificándose los sistemas de producción.
La restauración de la Casa Yamamura de Frank Lloyd Wright
Authors: Nishizawa Hidekazu
Published: April 2016

La Casa Yamamura, proyectada por el arquitecto en 1918 para un solar ubicado en Ashiya (Hyogo), se aleja en su diseño del resto de su obra japonesa para acercarse a las características de su etapa californiana. Su singularidad se reflejó en su declaración como Bien de Interés Cultural en 1974, como primer edificio de la era Taisho (1912-1926) que recibía tal distinción. A principios de los años ochenta, la casa, en estado de desidia, fue objeto de estudio y restauración. Posteriormente, el terremoto de Kobe de 1995 afectó seriamente al edificio, de manera que se debió emprender una nueva restauración que constituye el contenido principal de este artículo.
Santa Cristina de Lena, un monumento enigmático del prerrománico asturiano: piedras, deterioro y sugerencias de conservación
Authors: Álvarez Soledad , Esbert Rosa Mª , Arias Lorenzo , Sáenz Raquel , Alonso Francisco Javier , Ordaz Jorge , Díaz-Pache Francisco , Ruiz Vicente G. , Calleja Lope , Rodríguez Ángel , Suárez Luis M.
Published: April 2016

El análisis que se expone sobre los elementos matéricos y constructivos de Santa Cristina de Lena no se limita al estudio de la piedra y del deterioro del monumento con la intención de proponer soluciones para su conservación, sino que además contribuye con un conocimiento científico riguroso a arrojar luz sobre uno de los monumentos más enigmáticos del Arte Prerrománico Asturiano, diferenciando los elementos originales de los incorporados con posterioridad y explicando algunas de sus peculiaridades estilísticas.
Identidad cultural y paisaje construido. Proyecto piloto para la restauración de casas tradicionales en el Rincón de Ademuz (Valencia)
Authors: Vegas Fernando , Mileto Camilla
Published: April 2016

La distinción otorgada en la última convocatoria de los premios Europa Nostra 2003 a un proyecto piloto para la recuperación de las casas tradicionales de una comarca valenciana remota e ignorada, ha elevado el patrimonio de la arquitectura vernácula a la misma cota de valoración que otros grandes monumentos europeos. A continuación, se presentan los antecedentes, planteamiento general del proyecto premiado, soluciones concretas, viabilidad económica y primeras acciones de restauración emprendidas en la rehabilitación de esta arquitectura planteada desde su propia esencia constructiva y estructural.
Restauración e Historia: ¿Conflicto de intereses?
Authors: Torsello Paolo B.
Published: April 2016

Con su aguda visión, el autor examina los intereses respectivos de las disciplinas de la Restauración y la Historia y los riesgos de una eventual confusión, identificación o superposición de objetivos. La historia entendida en la restauración en sus diversos casos como guía operativa, instrumento materializador, espectáculo teatral o monumento a sí misma proporciona claves para el análisis y la comprensión de muchas intervenciones en el patrimonio del pasado y del presente.
La conservación de la arquitectura: materia y mensajes sensibles
Authors: Mileto Calilla
Published: April 2016

La arquitectura , concebida como superposición de las aportaciones de la historia y guardián de la memoria a través de sus huellas y sus fragmentos, posee un carácter único e irreproducible en su materia y mensajes que el arquitecto debe saber respetar. Superado el concepto de restauración como reparación funcional, mecánica o tipológica del edificio, superada la necesidad de corregir, enmendar o mejorar formalmente el monumento desde la perspectiva del presente y superada la aprensión por una simbiosis realmente respetuosa de la intervención contemporánea, ha llegado el momento del conocimiento sensible, cuya mirada, a medio camino entre razón y sentimiento, permite minimizar el impacto de la restauración sobre el carácter y la experiencia sensible de la arquitectura.
Estructuras culturales y accesibilidad para la isla de San Erasmo en Venecia
Authors: Cappai Carlo , Segantini Alessandra
Published: April 2016

La puesta en valor de una antigua estructura defensiva de la Laguna de Venecia ha conllevado no sólo su conservación material sino también una intervención en su entorno inmediato y el paisaje circundante. Este artículo desvela la necesidad de concebir la restauración de un monumento en su medio natural como un conjunto indisoluble que requiere tanto de restauración física como de dotación de las infraestructuras necesarias para su disfrute, de la manera más discreta y silenciosa posible para evitar tergiversar su ambiente.
Recualificación de los Mercados de Trajano en Roma
Authors: Ungaro Lucrezia , Labics Estudio
Published: April 2016

Este artículo presenta de la mano de sus respectivos autores las diversas actuaciones llevadas a cabo para la recuperación del magnífico conjunto de los Mercados de Trajano en Roma. Una panorámica histórica del monumento sirve de introducción a los objetivos y criterios de la intervención que ha contemplado la consolidació arqueológica de los restos y la adecuación funcional de los antiguos tabernae y su pasarela de acceso, usando un lenguaje y materiales contemporáneos dentro de una actitud de escrupuloso respeto por la materia existente.
La restauración de las bóvedas cerámicas de Guastavino en el puente de Queensboro
Authors: DiSanto Charles
Published: April 2016

Las impresionantes bóvedas bajo el acceso en Manhattan de este famoso puente de Nueva York, sometidas durante muchos años a la incuria del olvido y a condiciones extremas de filtraciones de agua y movimientos del tráfico rodado, han demostrado su extraordinaria calidad constructiva en este su primer siglo de existencia. En la restauración de las mismas se emplearon interesantes técnicas innovadoras que asumen y respetan los movimientos estructurales derivados de la estructura del puente y se proveyeron inteligentes sistemas de drenaje para evacuar el agua proveniente de las filtraciones de la calzada superior.
Reparación de los daños en las bóvedas de Guastavino debidos al incendio del Oyster Bar en la Estación Grand Central, Nueva York
Authors: Silman Robert
Published: April 2016

El carácter ignífugo de las bóvedas de Guastavino, una de las principales características que avalaba la validez de sus estructuras, se ha demostrado en varias ocasiones durante el transcurso de los últimos ciento veinte años. El estudio Robert Silman Associates ha podido comprobar la versatilidad y la solidez de estas bóvedas en diversas intervenciones de restauración de las mismas. En este artículo se presenta el caso del incendio del 29 de junio de 1997 en el Oyster Bar de la Estación Grand Central, que no llegó a afectar a la integridad de las bóvedas de Guastavino, de manera que sólo fueron necesarias algunas reparaciones de tipo cosmético en la capa inferior de rasillas vidriadas.
RehabiMed. Una apuesta por la rehabilitación en el ámbito mediterráneo
Authors: Casanovas Xavier
Published: April 2016

Después de varios años de intenso trabajo, se cierra el programa europeo RehabiMed, que ha reunido bajo su manto a cientos de expertos del ámbito mediterráneo con el objetivo común de crear un protocolo para la rehabilitación de la arquitectura tradicional de esta gran región a caballo de dos continentes. Esta labor se ha completado con su aplicación en varias intervenciones reales que han pretendido servir de ejemplo y acicate a ulteriores acciones de conservación del patrimonio. El programa ha generado múltiples publicaciones en varias lenguas con el objetivo de su difusión internacional, que ya se han convertido en punto de referencia para los profesionales del campo de la rehabilitación.
La reconstrucción de la Catedral de Venzone después del terremoto
Authors: Doglioni Francesco
Published: April 2016

La reconstrucción de la Catedral de Venzone, cuyo proyecto y trabajos se han prolongado durante dos décadas, constituye un caso extraordinario de tenacidad, oficio y sensibilidad, que pasó por la identificación individual de cerca de 9.000 sillares que conformaban su fábrica. La meticulosa recomposición del templo desarticulado por el derrumbe desveló multitud de secretos de la fábrica, desde las correcciones del replanteo medieval de la fachada hasta los detalles de elaboración de cada sillar. El planteamiento y la sólida reflexión que acompañaron a la intervención desde el anteproyecto hasta la delicada ejecución final permite calificarla como uno de los casos más interesantes y apasionantes de la historia de las reconstrucciones en la arquitectura.
Sensitivity to grid resolution in the ability of a chemical transport model to simulate observed oxidant chemistry under high-isoprene conditions
Authors: Yu Karen , Jacob Daniel J. , Fisher Jenny A. , Kim Patrick S. , Marais Eloise A. , Miller Christopher C. , Travis Katherine R. , Zhu Lei , Yantosca Robert M. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Cohen Ron C. , Dibb Jack E. , Fried Alan , Mikoviny Tomas , Ryerson Thomas B. , Wennberg Paul O. , Wisthaler Armin
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Formation of ozone and organic aerosol in continental atmospheres depends on whether isoprene emitted by vegetation is oxidized by the high-NOx pathway (where peroxy radicals react with NO) or by low-NOx pathways (where peroxy radicals react by alternate channels, mostly with HO2). We used mixed layer observations from the SEAC4RS aircraft campaign over the Southeast US to test the ability of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model at different grid resolutions (0.25°  ×  0.3125°, 2°  ×  2.5°, 4°  ×  5°) to simulate this chemistry under high-isoprene, variable-NOx conditions. Observations of isoprene and NOx over the Southeast US show a negative correlation, reflecting the spatial segregation of emissions; this negative correlation is captured in the model at 0.25°  ×  0.3125° resolution but not at coarser resolutions. As a result, less isoprene oxidation takes place by the high-NOx pathway in the model at 0.25°  ×  0.3125° resolution (54 %) than at coarser resolution (59 %). The cumulative probability distribution functions (CDFs) of NOx, isoprene, and ozone concentrations show little difference across model resolutions and good agreement with observations, while formaldehyde is overestimated at coarse resolution because excessive isoprene oxidation takes place by the high-NOx pathway with high formaldehyde yield. The good agreement of simulated and observed concentration variances implies that smaller-scale non-linearities (urban and power plant plumes) are not important on the regional scale. Correlations of simulated vs. observed concentrations do not improve with grid resolution because finer modes of variability are intrinsically more difficult to capture. Higher model resolution leads to decreased conversion of NOx to organic nitrates and increased conversion to nitric acid, with total reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) changing little across model resolutions. Model concentrations in the lower free troposphere are also insensitive to grid resolution. The overall low sensitivity of modeled concentrations to grid resolution implies that coarse resolution is adequate when modeling continental boundary layer chemistry for global applications.
The role of Phragmites on the CH4 and CO2 fluxes in a minerotrophic peatland in Southwest Germany
Authors: van den Berg Merit , Ingwersen Joachim , Lamers Marc , Streck Thilo
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Peatlands are interesting as carbon storage option, but are also natural emitters of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). Phragmites peatlands are particularly interesting due to the global abundancy of this wetland plant (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) and the highly efficient internal gas transport mechanism, which is called Humidity Induced Convection (HIC). The research aim was to (1) clarify how this plant-mediated gas transport influences the CH4 fluxes, (2) which other environmental variables influence the CO2 and CH4 fluxes, and (3) whether Phragmites peatlands are a net source or sink of greenhouse gases. CO2 and CH4 fluxes were measured with the eddy covariance technique within a Phragmites-dominated fen in Southwest Germany. One year of flux data (March 2013 to February 2014) shows very clear diurnal and seasonal patterns for both CO2 and CH4. The diurnal pattern of CH4 fluxes was only visible when living green reed was present. In August the diurnal cycle of CH4 was most distinct, with 11-times higher midday fluxes (15.7 mg CH4 m−2 h−1) than night fluxes (1.41 mg CH4 m−2 h−1). This diurnal cycle correlates the highest with global radiation, which suggest a high influence of the plants on the CH4 flux. But if the cause would be the HIC, it is expected that relative humidity would correlate stronger with CH4 flux. Therefore, we conclude that in addition to HIC, at least one additional mechanism must be involved in the creation of the convective flow within the Phragmites plants. Overall, the fen was a sink for carbon and greenhouse gases in the measured year, with a total carbon uptake of 221 g C m−2 yr−1 (26 % of the total assimilated carbon). The net uptake of greenhouse gases was 52 g CO2-eq m−2 yr−1, which is summed from an uptake of CO2 of 894 g CO2-eq m−2 yr−1 and a release of CH4 of 842 g CO2-eq m−2 yr−1.
Late Pleistocene to Holocene climate and limnological changes at Lake Karakul (Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan)
Authors: Heinecke Liv , Mischke Steffen , Adler Karsten , Barth Anja , Biskaborn Boris K. , Plessen Birgit , Nitze Ingmar , Kuhn Gerhard , Rajabov Ilhomjon , Herzschuh Ulrike
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Lake Karakul, located in the eastern Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan, is today dominated by the Westerlies. It is a matter of debate whether the Indian Monsoon influenced the region in the past. We analysed an 11.25 m sediment core covering the last 29,000 years to assess and separate lake-internal and lake-external processes, and to infer changes in the predominant atmospheric circulation. Among the parameters indicating lake-external processes, high values in grain-size end-member (EM) 3 (wide grain-size distribution, marking fluvial input) and Sr/Rb and Zr/Rb ratios (coinciding with coarse grain sizes, implying increased physical weathering) are interpreted as a strong monsoonal impact. High values in EM1, EM2 (peaking at small grain sizes reflecting Westerlies-derived dust) and TiO2 (terrigenous input) are assumed to reflect a strong influence of Westerlies. High input of far-transported dust from the pre-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the late glacial reflects the Westerlies influence, while peaks in fluvial input suggest monsoonal influence. The early to early-mid Holocene is characterised by coarse mean grain sizes, increased physical weathering and constantly high fluvial input indicating a strengthened Indian Monsoon that reached further north into the Karakul region. A steady increase in terrigenous dust, decrease in fluvial input and physical weathering from 6.7 cal kyr BP onwards signals that Westerlies became the predominant atmospheric circulation and brought an arid climate to the region. Proxies for productivity (TOC, C/N, TOCBr), redox potential (Fe/Mn) and changes in the endogenic carbonate precipitation (TIC) indicate lake-internal changes. Low productivity characterised the lake from the late Pleistocene until 6.7 cal kyr BP and rapidly increased afterwards. The lake level remained low until the LGM, but water depth increased during the late glacial, reaching a high-stand during the early Holocene. Subsequently, the water level decreased until its present state. Today the lake system is mainly climatically controlled but the depositional regime is also driven by lake-internal limnogeological processes.
FROM ”SAPIENZA” TO “SAPIENZA, STATE ARCHIVES IN ROME”. A LOOPING EFFECT BRINGING BACK TO THE ORIGINAL SOURCE COMUNICATION AND CULTURE BY INNOVATIVE AND LOW COST 3D SURVEYING, IMAGING SYSTEMS AND GIS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Paolini P. , Forti G. , Catalani G. , Lucchetti S. , Menghini A. , Mirandola A. , Pistacchio S. , Porzia U. , Roberti M.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. High Quality survey models, realized by multiple Low Cost methods and technologies, as a container to sharing Cultural and Archival Heritage, this is the aim guiding our research, here described in its primary applications. The SAPIENZA building, a XVI century masterpiece that represented the first unified headquarters of University in Rome, plays since year 1936, when the University moved to its newly edified campus, the role of the main venue for the State Archives. By the collaboration of a group of students of the Architecture Faculty, some integrated survey methods were applied on the monument with success. The beginning was the topographic survey, creating a reference on ground and along the monument for the upcoming applications, a GNNS RTK survey followed georeferencing points on the internal courtyard. Dense stereo matching photogrammetry is nowadays an accepted method for generating 3D survey models, accurate and scalable; it often substitutes 3D laser scanning for its low cost, so that it became our choice. Some 360° shots were planned for creating panoramic views of the double portico from the courtyard, plus additional single shots of some lateral spans and of pillars facing the court, as a single operation with a double finality: to create linked panotours with hotspots to web-linked databases, and 3D textured and georeferenced surface models, allowing to study the harmonic proportions of the classical architectural order. The use of free web Gis platforms, to load the work in Google Earth and the realization of low cost 3D prototypes of some representative parts, has been even performed.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPEN-SOURCE AUTOMATIC DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR GEODETICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Engel P. , Schweimler B.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The deformation monitoring of structures and buildings is an important task field of modern engineering surveying, ensuring the standing and reliability of supervised objects over a long period. Several commercial hardware and software solutions for the realization of such monitoring measurements are available on the market. In addition to them, a research team at the Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences (NUAS) is actively developing a software package for monitoring purposes in geodesy and geotechnics, which is distributed under an open source licence and free of charge. The task of managing an open source project is well-known in computer science, but it is fairly new in a geodetic context. This paper contributes to that issue by detailing applications, frameworks, and interfaces for the design and implementation of open hardware and software solutions for sensor control, sensor networks, and data management in automatic deformation monitoring. It will be discussed how the development effort of networked applications can be reduced by using free programming tools, cloud computing technologies, and rapid prototyping methods.
The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Keesstra Saskia D. , Bouma Johan , Wallinga Jakob , Tittonell Pablo , Smith Pete , Cerdà Artemi , Montanarella Luca , Quinton John N. , Pachepsky Yakov , van der Putten Wim H. , Bardgett Richard D. , Moolenaar Simon , Mol Gerben , Jansen Boris , Fresco Louise O.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. In this forum paper we discuss how soil scientists can help to reach the recently adopted UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the most effective manner. Soil science, as a land-related discipline, has important links to several of the SDGs, which are demonstrated through the functions of soils and the ecosystem services that are linked to those functions (see graphical abstract in the Supplement). We explore and discuss how soil scientists can rise to the challenge both internally, in terms of our procedures and practices, and externally, in terms of our relations with colleague scientists in other disciplines, diverse groups of stakeholders and the policy arena. To meet these goals we recommend the following steps to be taken by the soil science community as a whole: (i) embrace the UN SDGs, as they provide a platform that allows soil science to demonstrate its relevance for realizing a sustainable society by 2030; (ii) show the specific value of soil science: research should explicitly show how using modern soil information can improve the results of inter- and transdisciplinary studies on SDGs related to food security, water scarcity, climate change, biodiversity loss and health threats; (iii) take leadership in overarching system analysis of ecosystems, as soils and soil scientists have an integrated nature and this places soil scientists in a unique position; (iii) raise awareness of soil organic matter as a key attribute of soils to illustrate its importance for soil functions and ecosystem services; (iv) improve the transfer of knowledge through knowledge brokers with a soil background; (v) start at the basis: educational programmes are needed at all levels, starting in primary schools, and emphasizing practical, down-to-earth examples; (vi) facilitate communication with the policy arena by framing research in terms that resonate with politicians in terms of the policy cycle or by considering drivers, pressures and responses affecting impacts of land use change; and finally (vii) all this is only possible if researchers, with soil scientists in the front lines, look over the hedge towards other disciplines, to the world at large and to the policy arena, reaching over to listen first, as a basis for genuine collaboration.
Iterative feedback tuning of wind turbine controllers
Authors: van Solingen Edwin , van Wingerden Jan-Willem
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Traditionally, wind turbine controllers are designed using first-principles, linearized, or identified models. The aim of this paper is to show that with an automated and model-free tuning strategy, wind turbine control performance can be significantly increased. To this purpose, Iterative Feedback Tuning (IFT) is applied to two different turbine controllers: drivetrain damping and collective pitch control. The results, obtained by high-fidelity simulations using the NREL 5MW wind turbine, indicate significant performance improvements over baseline controllers which were designed using classical loop shaping techniques. It is concluded that iterative feedback tuning of turbine controllers can potentially become a valuable tool to improve wind turbine performance.
Amamentação e contato pele-a-pele no alívio da dor em recém-nascidos na vacina contra Hepatite B
Authors: Leite Adriana Moraes , Silva Ariadna de Cássia Tardim Oliveira da , Castral Thaíla Correa , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira , Sousa Mirna Isicawa de , Scochi Carmen Gracinda Silvan
Published: April 2016

Tem-se como objetivo comparar a combinação entre o contato pele a pele com a amamentação, ao contato pele-a-pele durante a vacina contra a Hepatite B em recém-nascidos. Ensaio clínico randomizado cuja amostra constituiu-se de 55 RN a termo divididos entre os grupos contato pele-a-pele GP, n=38), amamentação combinada ao contato pele-a-pele (GPA, n=27). A dor do RN foi avaliada por meio da mímica facial. Mensurou-se também a frequência cardíaca de todos os RN e frequência de sucção dos RN no GPA. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos períodos de compressão e recuperação entre os grupos para os escores do NFCS. Os valores médios das FC foram significativamente mais elevados no GP na antissepsia/injeção. As sucções no GPA variaram de 10 a 28 sucções por minuto. A amamentação combinada ao contato materno pele-a-pele pode potencializar o efeito analgésico do contato materno pele-a-pele, contribuindo para uma melhor recuperação do RN após o procedimento.
Avaliação de estudantes de enfermagem sobre o exame clínico objetivamente estruturado
Authors: Araújo Jéssica Naiara de Medeiros , Fernandes Ana Paula Nunes de Lima , Costa Raianny Alves , Ferreira Júnior Marcos Antonio , Carvalho Diana Paula de Souza Rego Pinto , Vitor Allyne Fortes
Published: April 2016

O Exame Clínico Objetivamente Estruturado (Objective Structured Clinical Examination/OSCE) é apontado como elemento fundamental na melhoria do ensino-aprendizagem. Pode ser compreendido como ferramenta de mensuração de competências clínicas com adoção de procedimentos padronizados. Estudo qualitativo objetivou descrever a avaliação dos estudantes sobre o uso do OSCE como estratégia de promoção do processo de ensino-aprendizagem em Enfermagem Clínica. Foi formado um grupo focal de 27 estudantes para a coleta de dados com informações extraídas a partir de três questões norteadoras. Os dados foram analisados mediante a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Com a primeira questão norteadora surgiram duas categorias: utilização do POP; e estratégia de aprendizagem. Mediante a segunda questão elencou-se três categorias: principais sentimentos; experiência válida; e método avaliativo. Com a terceira identificou-se duas categorias: aprender com os erros; e semelhança com a prática. O OSCE constitui uma estratégia avaliativa que contribuiu positivamente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em Enfermagem Clínica.
Tension Headaches: Psychological Factors
Authors: Donaldson Stuart
Published: April 2016

Tension headaches are routinely seen in biofeedback practices either as a primary concern or as part of as constellation of symptoms. As common as they are, there are several different types of psychological issues the practitioner should consider. This paper focuses on psychological issues commonly seen that may affect or prevent successful treatment. This paper is not intended to be exhaustive, as the number of possible psychological issues is large and could require a special issue of its own.
Changing Limits of Life, Death and the Body
Authors: Şişman Nazife
Published: April 2016

Questions about life and death have always engaged the human imagination. However, the question “Can we live forever?” has become prominent in the modern era with inventions in medical technology, such as the creation of artificial organs, the use of prostheses, and chemical contributions. The opportunities presented by the progress of medical technology have changed our understanding of life and death. How do these biotechnological developments affect our understanding of humanity? Are we turning into post-human beings? The author argues that subjects ranging from organ transplants, embryonic stem cell therapy, and genetic intervention to neurological treatments that change the chemical structure of the brain should be discussed not only on the practical level, but also at the metaphysical, religious, moral, and especially theoretical levels.
Illumination without Knowledge: Michel de Certeau's The Mystical Fable
Authors: Sheldrake Philip
Published: April 2016

The question whether or not God can be known or defined is central to Christian mysticism. On this topic, the writings on mysticism by the French Catholic priest and Jesuit, Michel de Certeau (1925-1986) are especially relevant and challenging. De Certeau was one of the most creative interdisciplinary thinkers of the late twentieth century as well as a highly original writer in reference to Christian mysticism. At the same time, de Certeau is particularly difficult to summarise or to interpret definitively. To begin with, he approached every subject from a transdisciplinary standpoint, drawing extensively upon history, theology, spirituality, cultural theory, politics, philosophy, psychoanalysis and the social sciences. De Certeau’s deliberately enigmatic style was also based on his underlying approach to epistemology – that is, to the nature of knowledge, its scope and its origins. Overall, de Certeau rejected what he saw as the dangers of philosophical fundamentalism that he detected in some aspects of European post-Enlightenment thought, notably a tendency towards rationalist positivism. Thus de Certeau questioned both the extent to which anything can really be fully known and also whether “knowledge” is reducible merely to a mental capacity to think logically or to make rational deductions about reality. Clearly this standpoint is particularly relevant to the question of whether, to what extent and how an ultimately mysterious God may be “known” or defined and plays a central role in his late, unfinished work on Christian mysticism, The Mystic Fable.
Review of John B. Cobb, Jr. (ed.), 2012, Religions in the Making
Authors: Lefebure Leo D.
Published: April 2016

In 1926, the philosopher and mathematician Alfred North Whitehead published his seminal work, Religion in the Making, reflecting on the place of religion in human life in light of his innovative cosmology. In this work Whitehead lamented that neither Christianity nor Buddhism had engaged in a full dialogue with contemporary science and cosmology, and he hoped for such reflection in the future. Three years later, Whitehead published a more systematic reflection on God and the cosmos, Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology. Departing from most traditional monotheistic approaches, Whitehead presented creativity as the ultimate in his philosophy of organism, and he viewed God as its primordial accident. For Whitehead, God does not create the universe out of nothing, does not radically transcend the world, and is not omnipotent. Whitehead saw God as constantly interacting with the world, receiving each event into the divine life and proposing a divine aim for each new occasion, operating by persuasion, not coercion. While Whitehead was not a professional theologian, his philosophy of organism had an important influence on many Christian theologians in the decades that followed, and Mordecai Kaplan developed the ideas for Reconstructionist Judaism in awareness of Whitehead’s work. In Religions in the Making, one of the most distinguished leaders of Christian process theology, John B. Cobb, Jr., invites scholars from a variety of religions to consider the relation between Whitehead’s thought and the perspectives of their respective traditions.
Comparison of Native and Non-native English Language Teachers’ Evaluation of EFL Learners’ Speaking Skills: Conflicting or Identical Rating Behaviour?
Authors: Ekmekci Emrah
Published: April 2016

Assessing speaking skills is regarded as a complex and hard process compared with the other language skills. Considering the idiosyncratic characteristics of EFL learners, oral proficiency assessment issue becomes even more important. Keeping this situation in mind, judgements and reliability of raters need to be consistent with each other. This study aims to compare native and non-native English language teachers’ evaluation of EFL learners’ speaking skills. Based on the oral proficiency scores in the final exam conducted at a state university in Turkey, the study analysed the scores given by native and non-native English language teachers to 80 EFL students attending preparatory classes in the 2014-2015 academic year. 3 native and 3 non-native English language teachers participated in the study. Data were collected through an analytic rating scale and analysed with the help of independent samples t-test and Pearson product-moment correlation test. Pearson product-moment correlation test (calculated as 0,763) indicated that the raters had high inter-rater reliability coefficients. T-test results revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in the total scores given by both groups of teachers. The study also investigated the different components of speaking skills such as fluency, pronunciation, accuracy, vocabulary, and communication strategies with regard to the existence of significant difference between the scores. The only component which created a statistically significant difference was found to be pronunciation, which was expected prior to the research. In line with the overall findings of the study, it can be concluded that native and non-native English language teachers display almost identical rating behaviour in assessing EFL students’ oral proficiency.