bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The transient impact of the African monsoon on Plio-Pleistocene Mediterranean sediments
Authors: de Boer Bas , Peters Marit , Lourens Lucas J.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Over the Plio-Pleistocene interval a strong linkage exists between northern African climate changes and the supply of dust over the
surrounding oceans and continental runoff towards the Mediterranean Sea. Both these signatures in the sedimentary record are determined by
orbital cycles influencing glacial variability on the one hand and northern African monsoon intensity on the other hand.
In this paper, we use the intermediate-complexity model CLIMBER-2 to simulate African climate during the Plio-Pleistocene between 3.2 and 2.3 million years ago (Ma) and compare our simulations with existing and new climate reconstructions. The CLIMBER-2 model is externally forced with atmospheric
CO2 concentrations, ice sheet topography, and orbital variations, all of which strongly influence climate during the Pliocene and Pleistocene.
Our simulations indicate that the records of northern Africa climate oscillate in phase with climatic precession.
For the Earth's obliquity cycle, the time lag between the 41 000-year component in insolation forcing and the climatic response increased after
inception of Northern Hemisphere (NH) glaciation around 2.8 Ma.
To test the outcome of our simulations, we have put emphasis on the comparison between the simulated runoff of grid boxes encompassing the Sahara desert and the Sahel region and the sedimentary records of marine sediment cores from ODP Site 659 (Atlantic Ocean) and ODP Site 967 (Mediterranean).
In this study we will show for the first time an extended Ti∕Al record of Site 967 down to 3.2 Ma. This record strongly correlates with runoff in the Sahara and Sahel regions, whereas correlation with the dust record of Site 659 is moderate and slightly improves after NH ice sheet inception.
We investigated the transient variability of the individual and combined contributions of the Sahel and Sahara regions and found significant transient
behaviour overlapping the inception of NH ice sheets (2.8 Ma) and the Plio-Pleistocene transition (2.6 Ma). Prior to 2.8 Ma, a larger contribution from the Sahara
region is required to explain the variability of Mediterranean dust input. After this transition, we found that a more equal contribution of the two regions is
required, representing an increased influence of Sahel runoff and wet periods.
Comparison of sea ice kinematics at different resolutions modeled with a grid hierarchy in the Community Earth System Model (version 1.2.1)
Authors: Xu Shiming , Ma Jialiang , Zhou Lu , Zhang Yan , Liu Jiping , Wang Bin
Published: January 2021

Abstract. High-resolution sea ice modeling is becoming widely available for both operational forecasts and climate studies.
In traditional Eulerian grid-based models, small-scale sea ice kinematics represent the most prominent feature of high-resolution simulations, and with rheology models such as viscous–plastic (VP) and Maxwell elasto-brittle (MEB), sea ice models are able to reproduce multi-fractal sea ice deformation and linear kinematic features that are seen in high-resolution observational datasets.
In this study, we carry out modeling of sea ice with multiple grid resolutions by using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and a grid hierarchy (22, 7.3, and 2.4 km grid stepping in the Arctic).
By using atmospherically forced experiments, we simulate consistent sea ice climatology across the three resolutions.
Furthermore, the model reproduces reasonable sea ice kinematics, including multi-fractal spatial scaling of sea ice deformation that partially depends on atmospheric circulation patterns and forcings.
By using high-resolution runs as references, we evaluate the model's effective resolution with respect to the statistics of sea ice kinematics.
Specifically, we find the spatial scale at which the probability density function (PDF) of the scaled sea ice deformation rate of low-resolution runs matches that of high-resolution runs.
This critical scale is treated as the effective resolution of the coarse-resolution grid, which is estimated to be about 6 to 7 times the grid's native resolution.
We show that in our model, the convergence of the elastic–viscous–plastic (EVP) rheology scheme plays an important role in reproducing reasonable kinematics statistics and, more strikingly, simulates systematically thinner sea ice than the standard, non-convergent experiments in landfast ice regions of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
Given the wide adoption of EVP and subcycling settings in current models, it highlights the importance of EVP convergence, especially for climate studies and projections.
The new grids and the model integration in CESM are openly provided for public use.
Assessing the impact of explosive eruptions of Fogo volcano (São Miguel, Azores) on the tourism economy
Authors: Medeiros Joana , Carmo Rita , Pimentel Adriano , Vieira José Cabral , Queiroz Gabriela
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The Azores are an active volcanic region that offers
exceptional conditions for nature-based tourism, one of the main axes of
economic growth in the archipelago. A future volcanic eruption may have
long-term consequences to this economic sector. Therefore, it is fundamental
to assess its vulnerability to volcanic hazards in order to try to mitigate
the associated risk. This study proposes a new approach to assessing the
economic impact of explosive eruptions on the tourism sector. We considered
two eruptive scenarios for Fogo volcano (São Miguel Island), the most
probable (Volcanic Explosivity Index, VEI, 4 sub-Plinian eruption) and the worst-case (VEI 5 Plinian
eruption), both producing tephra fallout and pyroclastic density currents.
The results of numerical simulations were overlaid with tourism-related
buildings and infrastructure of Vila Franca do Campo municipality to
identify the elements at risk. The loss present value method was used to
estimate the benefits generated by the accommodation units over 30 years for
different economic scenarios. The assessment of the economic impact using
2018 indicators reveals that in a near-total-destruction scenario, the
economic loss is approximately EUR 145 million (considering a 2 %
discount rate). This approach can also be applied to other volcanic regions,
geologic hazards and economic sectors.
A formação de professores para a educação profissional e tecnológica nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais. DOI: 10.5212/OlharProfr.v.16i1.0009
Authors: Costa Maria Adélia
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa em desenvolvimento no doutorado em educação. Tem como objetivo compreender as políticas de formação de professores para a educação profissional e tecnológica (EPT) e a sua materialização nos currículos dos cursos de licenciaturas ofertados pelos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFETs) de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, se considera a expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica (RFEPCT) e a transformação do CEFET’s e das escolas agrotécnicas, pertencentes a essa rede, em Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, (IFET). Nesse sentido, uma de nossas problematizações se fez a partir de reflexões sobre a materialidade dos currículos, por concebê-los como instrumentos inerentes ao processo formal de educação e também, à medida que se propõe a desvelar as concepções e intenções de formação de professores especificamente para a EPT no Brasil. Contudo, embora se tenha delimitado como campo empírico, os IFETs de Minas Gerais, se fez necessária uma incursão no quadro geral das ofertas das licenciaturas no país, no sentido de conhecer quais as áreas científicas predominam nessas licenciaturas no contexto nacional. Todavia, podemos perceber que no País, ainda não se confirmaram políticas de formação de professores para a EPT e que pelas propostas evidenciadas nos currículos das licenciaturas investigadas, não se tem clareza da objetividade e da materialidade da formação de professores para a educação profissional.
¿Qué nos aporta la evaluación de un programa de formación de profesores noveles? DOI: 10.5212/OlharProfr.v.16i1.0011
Authors: Ruiz Cristina Mayor , Yot Carmen
Published: January 2021

Este artículo presenta la evaluación que realizan profesores noveles y profesores experimentados de un programa de formación para el profesorado novel universitarios que viene desarrollándose en la Universidad de Sevilla. Este es un programa de formación que tiene 15 años de antigüedad y se basa en la formación de noveles a través de profesores mentores. La evaluaciónque presentamos en este trabajo es sobre una de sus ediciones, la cual se realizó a través de cuestionarios de preguntas abiertas, tanto durante el proceso como al finalizar el mismo. El artículo concluye con una propuesta de futuro para el desarrollo profesional docente de profesores universitarios.
Refletindo sobre a formação de professores aos 10 anos de implantação da Licenciatura de Artes Visuais: relato de uma experiência.
Authors: Subtil Maria José , Vittet Luizana Pellizzari
Published: January 2021

O trabalho relata a experiência de uma oficina de criação a partir de estudos, apreciações e reflexões sobre arte contemporânea envolvendo alunos da Licenciatura em Artes Visuais da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (PR). Objetivou-se levantar as possibilidades de intervenção nas concepções e práticas dos alunos sobre arte e ensino de arte. A proposta foi desencadeada por uma pesquisa dos antecedentes escolares dos licenciandos que revelou práticas reducionistas em Artes visuais como: desenho livre, preenchimento de mimeografados e trabalhos manuais associados às datas comemorativas. Contatou-se que essas vivências resultaram numa concepção estética que privilegia o figurativismo e o realismo como únicas formas de representação da realidade. A 26ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo (2004) foi o evento catalizador da experiência teórico/pratica da oficina de criação. Como referencial teórico-metodológico geral foram utilizados prioritariamente autores e conceitos embasados no materialismo histórico e dialético quanto a historia da arte e sua função  sociedade e na compreensão das relações entre as concepções de arte e estética e praticas artísticas escolares. A pesquisa-ação usada como estratégia metodológica deduziu possibilidades educativas na formação de professores de artes visuais através das práticas e estudos  experienciados na oficina.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE PARA USAR O COMPUTADOR EM SALA DE AULA: POSSIBILIDADES E DESAFIOS
Authors: Silva Marilda Coelho , Moita Filomena Ma. Gonçalves da Silva Cordeiro
Published: January 2021

RESUMO: A integração do trabalho escolar com as novas tecnologias no currículo como ferramentas exige uma reflexão sistemática acerca de seus objetivos, de suas técnicas, dos conteúdos escolhidos, das possibilidades e dos desafios. Todavia, a formação tecnológica do professor é um fator determinante para que esse processo se efetive. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir sobre a formação do professor para usar o computador em sala de aula. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso com uma representatividade de 5 (cinco) professores de uma escola pública municipal da cidade de Esperança-PB. Os dados foram coletados através do instrumento questionário. O estudo foi apoiado em teorias de autores como Moran (2004), Valente (1993), Moita (2011), Libâneo (2003), entre outros. Os dados obtidos com a pesquisa apontam que inúmeros educadores não utilizam o computador nas suas atividades diárias em sala de aula, pois ainda consideram-no uma ferramenta complexa e difícil de manipular, reflexo da falta de formação e preparação dos mesmos para saberem utilizar esta ferramenta como instrumento pedagógico.
APRENDIZAGEM DA PRÁTICA DE ENSINO POR PARTICIPAÇÃO NA ESCOLA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO
Authors: Gomes de Oliveira Raquel
Published: January 2021

A proposta deste artigo é mostrar que, por meio do conceito de Cognição Situada, podem existir parâmetros para a aprendizagem da prática de ensino docente, desde a formação inicial de professores. Características e consequências dessa aprendizagem serão apresentadas através dos resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou verificar a contribuição para a elaboração de saberes docentes, a partir de uma proposta de Estágio Supervisionado que propôs a superação da sequência observação-participação-regência. A pesquisa foi realizada com licenciandos do 4º ano do curso de Matemática de uma universidade paulista pública. Quando princípios da Cognição Situada foram utilizados para o desenvolvimento do Estágio Supervisionado, além da base de conhecimento para a docência apontada por Shulman (1986), os resultados apontaram para a necessidade de consideração do saber atitudinal-afetivo como também um saber necessário à docência e consequente efetiva prática de ensino.
Digital Humanities Approach to Comparative Literature: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Peng Qinglong
Published: January 2021

Over the past decade, digital humanities scholarship has developed dramatically in Anglosphere universities. However, elsewhere such as China Mainland, little interest is yet visible in this scholarship. Still controversial over its methodology and epistemology, and too early to predict its future, digital humanities scholars have made respectful and encouraging commitments and accomplishments. The self-protection of humanities from further marginalization, through intersection with and integration of techno-humanities, is in line with the well-established value of innovation and the ubiquitous needs of social improvement. From both a macro and micro perspective, the author of this article contends that digital humanities scholarship can contribute to the humanities as a whole, by expanding comparative literature studies with data-based empiricism. However, as a new approach to comparative literature, digital humanities is still in its fledgling stage and faces a slew of challenges: inadequate involvement from humanities scholars, undefined boundaries within humanities disciplines, lack of global recognition, and immature theoretical models to propel future research.
Conversation Analysis-Informed Instruction of -Nya and -Ni as Stance Alignment Markers
Authors: Jeong Seunggon , Bae Eun Young , Ahn Jaerin
Published: January 2021

Stancetaking is a crucial element of a language user's pragmatic competence. This study presents Korean language teaching materials and activities geared to help learners expand their linguistic repertoire for stancetaking. Based on the findings from Jeong's conversation analytic study (2018) on -nya and -ni as divergent and convergent alignment markers, respectively, the present study proposes a 60-minute lesson aimed at teaching the pragmatic functions of -nya and -ni to intermediate level learners of Korean. Included in the lesson are diverse and engaging teaching resources grounded in authentic dialogues as well as dialogues created to reflect relevant research findings. This study demonstrates how conversation analysis (CA) findings of interactional practices or pragmatic functions of linguistic items in Korean can be a useful basis for developing intriguing Korean language teaching materials/activities that reflect authentic language use. The present study is thus a significant attempt to bridge CA findings and Korean language pedagogy to improve Korean language learners' pragmatic competence.
How to Teach KFL Learners the Practice of Reporting the Talk of Others in Interaction
Authors: Kim Mary Shin
Published: January 2021

Examining the findings from conversation analysis studies that reveal the dynamic and interactive features of Korean reported talk, this article discusses how to teach KFL (Korean as a Foreign Language) learners the practice of reporting the talk of others in spontaneous interaction. It presents interaction-based instructional materials and step-by-step activities that provide opportunities for learners to become aware of the diverse designs, functions, and positions of reported talk. The article addresses how to bridge the gap between the way reported talk is taught in Korean language classrooms and the way it is actually designed and utilized by participants in social interaction.
Child Social Protection: Accessible by All or None? A Qualitative Analysis of Child Protection Workers Views in Albania
Authors: Agolli Nasufi Irida , Bruci Anxhela
Published: January 2021

Limited research has focused on the challenges of child protection workers involved in the social protection system

in Albania. Despite the changes that social protection has undergone over the last years, obstacles arise in the

implementation process. Regardless of the strategies and programs targeting child protection in Albania children

have not been protected from exploitation and other life-threatening risks. Mainly non-governmental organizations

and stakeholders who support the child social protection system in Albania have been involved in continuous efforts

to identify what is missing, and what needs to improve regarding the child social protection system. This paper

presents the experiences of child protection workers on how the current social protection system responds to the

needs of children and their families. The data was collected from 10 child protection workers in Albania using

in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews. This research found that there is a gap in the distribution of services

between urban and rural areas preventing beneficiaries who live in rural areas to access social services. Some of the

major challenges that emerged by the majority of interviewees were lack of training, weak institutional cooperation

accompanied by the need for emergency centers to assist children at risk of exploitation and abuse.
Analysis on Construction of Science Culture and De-extremization of Religion
Authors: Qi Peixiao
Published: January 2021

This paper first discusses different development periods of science culture and religion culture and elaborates forms of religious extremization. At the same time, by solving the evolutionary game strategy between science culture and religious extremization, it explores the important role of science culture in eliminating religious extremization. It found that science culture and religious extremization can reach an evolutionary equilibrium after a long-term game, and converge to a stable node; strengthening science culture construction can effectively eliminate the phenomenon of religious extremization. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions that it should continue to strengthen science culture construction in China and apply it to eliminate religious extremism.
Pull-Through Buddy Wire Technique for Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: Technical Note
Authors: Chiang Pin-Yi , Lin Yen-Heng , Huang Yu-Cheng , Lee Chung-Wei
Published: January 2021

Excessive tortuosity is a notable cause of failed endovascular thrombectomy for acute large-vessel occlusion stroke. Transcervical access (TCA) is a commonly proposed solution for overcoming this difficulty. However, the large-bore catheter usually used in TCA increases the risk of serious local complications. This paper presents a modified technique for TCA that uses a pull-through buddy wire (PTBW) to track a large-bore femoral guiding sheath (GS) into the carotid artery via a small carotid puncture site. The carotid puncture site can be easily managed through gentle manual compression. Two illustrative cases using this technique to deal with a large aortic arch and tortuous left common carotid artery are reported. In both cases, recanalization was achieved after successful GS placement. Using a PTBW is feasible in TCA.
ISKO 16’s Bookshelf: Knowledge Organization on the Verge of the Pandemic—An Editorial
Authors: Smiraglia Richard P.
Published: January 2021

The Sixteenth International Conference on Knowledge Organization was to have been held in Aalborg, Denmark in July 2020. Cancelled due to COVID-19, the proceedings were published online on 4 December 2020 containing 48 full papers, 17 short papers and 14 posters. Informetric analysis of the proceedings reveals the shifting intension and extension of the knowledge organization domain. International participation was extensive as usual. There is a much larger share of empirical and applied technical research, and therefore much less historical or analytical work than before. The shape of the research front continues to revolve around concept theory and domain analysis, but cultural and ethical issues are more prevalent than before, having attained nearly core status. There is new emphasis on concepts around interdisciplinarity and phenomenon-based knowledge organization systems, and facet analytical theory has been extended into new approaches in the linked data environment. There are more journal articles than before. No monographs are highly cited but interdisciplinarity, Wittgenstein, domain analysis and music classification are prominent alongside archival science and ontology construction on the bookshelf for this conference. Among conferences ISKO and its chapters predominate. The discourse represented by the works on ISKO 16’s bookshelf seems to be rooted in classical concept theory. There is some concretization of discourse concerning interoperability and the continued distancing from ideas of single or “universal” knowledge organization systems. There is a recurrence of concepts of warrant buttressing the extension of research into issues of culture and identity.
The Abandonment of the Assignment of Subject Headings and Classification Codes in University Libraries Due to the Massive Emergence of Electronic Books
Authors: Gil-Leiva Isidoro , Fujita Mariângela Spotti Lopes , Ortuño Pedro Díaz , Reis Daniela Majorie dos
Published: January 2021

The massive and unstoppable emergence of electronic books in libraries has altered their organization. This disruptive technology has led to structural changes. Currently, an e-book exists only if its metadata exists. The objective of this article is to analyse the impact that the massive incorporation of electronic books in university library systems is having in the processes of assignment of subject headings and classification codes. We carried out a survey of more than six hundred libraries, which means almost all the university libraries in Portugal, Spain, England, United States, Brazil, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Australia. From the results obtained, it is deduced that: 1) librarians expect e-books to be provided with descriptive metadata related to the subject headings and classification codes; 2) the bibliographic records provided by publishers/providers seem to be improvable; 3) the quality of the metadata provided by the providers does not seem to be taken into account when selecting publishers for the purchase; 4) the discovery tools are also clearly improvable; 5) it seems that there is no “frustration” or “stress” among librarians about the changes produced in relation to technical processes; and, 6) it does not seem that we are facing a paradigm shift motivated by these issues.
(Völker‑)Strafrecht im Zeichen der Erschütterung ordnungskonstitutiver Gewissheiten
Authors: Burchard Christoph
Published: January 2021

We experience today the disruption of certainties that are foundational to legal orders. This also affects criminal law, how we practice and theorize it. The digital revolution, the rise of authoritarianism and populism as well as the challenges to western (liberal) multilateralism, all of this (and many other developments) weaken the validity of the foundational conditions of criminal justice systems. This is especially true of international criminal justice. This (brief and programmatic) contribution argues that we must take these upheavals of certainties seriously. To this end, (international/ criminal) law must be justified with good reasons and better empirical data. Meer symbolism as well as an uncritical adherence to the status quo ante do longer seem feasible.
Bad Oldesloe in der Zeit der Weimarer Republik und des Nationalsozialismus (1918–1945)
Authors: Zander Sylvina
Published: January 2021

Die Zeit der Weimarer Republik und des Nationalsozialismus haben die deutsche Geschichte geprägt – positiv wie negativ. Sylvina Zander schildert auf Grundlage reichhaltigen Archivmaterials anschaulich die erste deutsche Demokratie und analysiert den Übergang zur NS-Diktatur. In ungewöhnlicher Detailfülle wird deutlich, wie verbreitet die Vorzeichen des verbrecherischen Regimes bereits vor 1933 zu erkennen waren. In grundlegenden Milieustudien werden Personen und Organisationen, Opfer und Täter genannt. Der lokale Kontext der holsteinischen Stadt wird immer wieder eingebettet in regionale und nationale Entwicklungen – politisch, wirtschaftlich, gesellschaftlich und kulturell.

Sylvina Zander, Studium der Kunstgeschichte, Romanistik und Slawistik in Hamburg, Promotion in Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Veröffentlichungen zur Geschlechter,- Sepulkral- und Regionalgeschichte. Tätig als Archivarin der Stadt Bad Oldesloe.
Adolph Lowe als Wirtschaftsphilosoph
Authors: Wiechel-Kramüller Fenja , Heidbrink Ludger
Published: January 2021

Adolph Lowe (1893–1995) gehörte in den 1920er Jahren zu den einflussreichsten Ökonomen Deutschlands. Er arbeitete im Wirtschaftsministerium der Weimarer Republik, baute als Leiter der Konjunkturabteilung das Kieler Weltwirtschaftsinstitut entscheidend auf und lehrte Wirtschaftswissenschaften am Institut für Sozialforschung an der Universität Frankfurt. Bis zur Machtergreifung der Nationalsozialisten. Gemeinsam mit Max Horkheimer, Paul Tillich und Karl Mannheim stand er ab 1933 weit oben auf der Liste der Verfolgten und floh mit seiner Familie über Genf und Paris nach Manchester. Karriere machte er schließlich an der New School for Social Research in New York. Doch anders als viele seiner Freunde und Fachkollegen ist er bisher in Deutschland noch immer recht unbekannt. Dieses Buch möchte das ändern – mit einer Zeitreise in die Weimarer Republik, die Anfänge der deutschsprachigen Konjunkturforschung, Kieler Universitätsgeschichte und die Entwicklung des ökonomischen Denkens. Die Autorin bettet Lowes Werk in die aktuelle Wirtschaftsphilosophie ein. Denn im Grunde stehen wir heute, ähnlich wie Lowe im Jahr 1916, wieder vor der grundsätzlichen Frage: Zu welcher Wirtschaftsordnung wollen wir zurückkehren – nach der Finanzkrise und Corona-Pandemie?
Im Schatten August Bebels
Authors: Dietrich Christian
Published: January 2021

Positionen der Sozialdemokratie zu Antisemitismus und Zionismus.

An August Bebels Analyse des Antisemitismus als Erscheinungsform eines fortschrittsfeindlichen, primitiven Antikapitalismus orientierte sich die deutsche Sozialdemokratie bis in die 1930er Jahre. Doch antijüdische Angriffe deutschnationaler und völkischer Akteure auf die junge Republik erzwangen eine Revidierung dieses Konzepts. Nach dem November 1918 erkannte die Sozialdemokratie im politischen Antisemitismus auch ein antirepublikanisches Instrument reaktionärer Parteien. Aber die Erkenntnis, die im Kampf gegen die DNVP nutzte, behinderte sie in der Abwehr des Nationalsozialismus.

Die Studie rekonstruiert erstmals die Auseinandersetzungen der deutschen Sozialdemokratie mit dem Antisemitismus in der Weimarer Republik. Sie beschreibt die sozialdemokratischen Maßnahmen gegen den Judenhass und zeigt, warum die Hegemonie des Antizionismus in der SPD im Laufe der 1920er Jahre brüchig wurde.
New records of Oleoguttula mirabilis and Rachicladosporium antarcticum from James Ross Island, Antarctica
Authors: Laichmanová Monika
Published: January 2021

A group of seven isolates of black meristematic fungi was collected from rocks within the framework of mycological research focused on the study of diversity of rock-inhabiting fungi on James Ross Island in Antarctica. Their identification was based on ITS rDNA sequence comparisons supported by morphological data. Obtained results assigned four analysed strains as Oleoguttula mirabilis and three isolates as Rachicladosporium antarcticum. To the best of our knowledge this is the second report of isolation of these two psychrophilic species from different parts of James Ross Island which imply that they probably represent a common part of its environmental microbial flora.
Do new records of macrofungi indicate warming of their habitats in terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems?
Authors: Palfner Götz , Binimelis-Salazar Josefa , Alarcón Sandra Troncoso , Torres-Mellado Gustavo , Gallegos Gloria , Pea-Cortés Fernando , Casanova-Katny Angélica
Published: January 2021

Relatively few macrofungi have been historically described from terrestrial environments of the Antarctic Peninsula and its associated archipelagos which are characterized by a moss-dominated vegetation, most of them preferentially or obligatorily associated with bryophytes. During the study of the influence of penguin rockeries to moss communities on the South Shetland Islands, the bryophilous basidiomycetes Rimbachia bryophila and Arrhenia cf. lilacinicolor were found for the first time on King George Island, growing on carpets of Sanionia uncinata. Other bryophilous fungi previously recorded in the same region are Arrhenia antarctica, Omphalina pyxidata and the rare Simocybe antarctica. The detection of the supposedly parasitic R. bryophila, together with other new observations of macrofungi on different hosts in the Antarctic bryoflora could indicate increased sexual reproduction. The likely increase of reproduction as an effect of warming on the terrestrial antarctic tundra should be proven by follow up field studies.
Does Open Biopsy Before Mastectomy Affect the Prevalence of So-called Axillary Lymph Node Micrometastases Detected Immunohistochemically?
Authors: De Petris Giovanni , Gnepp Douglas R. , Henley John D.
Published: January 2021

Objective.—To determine the effect of a previous open biopsy on the presence of immunohistochemically detected micrometastases, particularly single cells, in axillary lymph nodes in patients with “node-negative” invasive breast carcinoma.

Methods.—Node-negative breast cancer patients were divided into group 1 (diagnostic frozen-section biopsy with immediate mastectomy and axillary dissection) and group 2 (open surgical biopsy with temporally delayed mastectomy and axillary dissection). Archival slides of lymph nodes were examined and new sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemically with a cytokeratin cocktail to detect micrometastases.

Results.—Four (12%) of 33 patients had unequivocal lymph node metastases on additional hematoxylin-eosin sections (3 cases) or review of original material (1 case). Immunohistochemical analysis contributed additional data in only 1 group 2 patient. In this case a single strongly keratin-positive sinus-based cell was detected in 1 lymph node.

Conclusion.—The study suggests that previous surgical biopsy of the breast does not increase the incidence of immunohistochemically detected keratin positive cells in axillary lymph nodes.
Pseudoanaplastic Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Bentley Rex C. , Mirra Joseph M.
Published: January 2021

Marked nuclear atypia can be found in a variety of benign mesenchymal tumors, including ancient schwannomas, symplastic leiomyomas, osteoblastomas, and chondromyxoid fibromas. Such nuclear atypia is believed to represent a degenerative phenomenon and does not indicate aggressive behavior. Separation of these pleomorphic but benign lesions from true sarcomas may be difficult. We are aware of only one prior description of such degenerative atypia in benign giant cell tumor of bone. We report a benign giant cell tumor of bone arising in the sacrum of a 21-year-old white female. Preoperative embolization of this lesion had been performed, and subsequent curetting revealed marked atypia suggestive of an anaplastic malignancy. However, only very rare mitotic figures were present, and the radiographs were consistent with a benign giant cell tumor. A diagnosis of benign giant cell tumor was made, and no recurrence or metastases have been observed during the 4-year postoperative period.
Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping of Bone Marrow Core Biopsies
Authors: Dunphy Cherie H. , Dunphy Frank R. , Visconti John L.
Published: January 2021

Objective.—To report a method for flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) bone marrow (BM) core biopsies in patients with hematologic malignancies of the BM who present with a failed BM aspiration (“dry tap”).

Design and Setting.—Core biopsy specimens of BM were obtained from 8 patients who presented with previously undiagnosed hematologic malignancies arising in (7 cases) or secondarily involving (1 case) the BM and a dry tap. Suspensions of the BM core biopsy specimens were prepared and analyzed by FCI methods.

Data Extraction and Data Synthesis.—The FCI data were analyzed in conjunction with cytomorphologic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic findings in all cases to determine a final diagnosis.

Conclusions.—The prepared BM core suspensions were viable and allowed for a complete immunophenotype profile by FCI in all cases, resulting in a clear definition of the cell of origin of the hematologic malignancy. Because of lack of preservation of architectural features and the potential for artifactual alterations of the relative frequency of abnormal cells, the FCI data must always be correlated with histologic sections of the BM biopsy.
Ossified Intratesticular Mucinous Tumor
Authors: Mesia Lilia , Georgsson Sverrir , Zuretti Alejandro
Published: January 2021

We report a case of an ossified primary intratesticular mucinous tumor in a 69-year-old man, which was discovered incidentally during a consultation for erectile dysfunction. The 7.5 × 4.8 × 4–cm, predominantly solid, and partially cystic mass completely replaced the testis with no extension to tunica albuginea and epididymis. The multiloculated area was mostly covered by a single layer of bland mucinous epithelium with few areas of epithelial tufting, stratification, and nuclear atypia. The solid areas consisted of mature bone and fibrous stroma with cholesterol clefts, some multinucleated giant cells, moderate infiltration of lymphocytes, and foamy vacuolated macrophages. The bone showed occasional rimming of osteoblasts and rare osteoclasts. Rare foci of mature bone were found in the nonfibrosed wall and lumen cysts. The patient is alive and well 3 years after right orchiectomy with spermatic cord resection.
Subependymomas
Authors: Prayson Richard A. , Suh John H.
Published: January 2021

Background.—Subependymomas are uncommonly encountered ependymal tumors, which are important to distinguish from ordinary ependymomas because of their generally better prognosis.

Objective.—To review the clinicopathologic features and MIB-1 labeling indices (marker of cell proliferation) of 14 subependymomas.

Design.—Retrospective review of 14 subependymomas encountered in a tertiary care setting.

Results.—Fourteen ependymomas presenting in 8 men and 6 women between the ages of 18 and 78 years (mean, 53.6 years) comprise the study group. The most common clinical presentations included ataxia (n = 4), dizziness/vertigo (n = 3), nausea/vomiting (n = 3), headaches (n = 3), and incidental finding at autopsy (n = 2). Tumor locations included fourth ventricle (n = 7), lateral ventricle (n = 4), third ventricle (n = 2), and thoracic spinal cord (n = 1). Eight patients underwent gross total resection, and 4 had subtotal resection. Tumors were characterized by clustering of cell nuclei arranged against a fibrillary background. Focal cystic degeneration was seen in 10 tumors, hemosiderin deposition in 8 tumors, sclerotic vessels in 8 tumors, calcifications in 5 tumors, and focal nuclear pleomorphism in 2 tumors. Mitotic figures, vascular endothelial proliferation, and necrosis were not seen in any of these tumors. Cell proliferation marker MIB-1 labeling indices (percentage of positive staining tumor cells) ranged from 0 to 1.4 (mean, 0.3). In comparison, 13 myxopapillary ependymomas had labeling indices ranging from 0 to 5.5 (mean, 1.1). Thirty-nine low-grade ependymomas had MIB-1 labeling indices of 0.1 to 5.4 (mean, 1.1). Fourteen anaplastic/malignant ependymomas had MIB-1 labeling indices ranging from 0.4 to 34.0 (mean, 12.8). One subependymoma was treated with radiation therapy. Six patients were alive with no evidence of tumor at a mean follow-up of 94.4 months. Two patients were alive with residual tumor (follow-up of 4 and 53 months). Two patients died with tumor at 0.67 and 43.4 months. One patient was lost to follow-up, 1 is a recent case, and 2 were incidental findings at autopsy. None of the patients developed tumor recurrence.

Conclusions.—Subependymomas are generally low-grade lesions, as evidenced by their benign clinical course and low MIB-1 labeling indices. Compared with other ependymal tumors, subependymomas have the lowest rate of cell proliferation as evidenced by MIB-1 immunostaining.
Extramedullary Tumor of Monoblasts in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Dunphy Cherie H. , Martin David S.
Published: January 2021

An extramedullary tumor of monoblasts in the central nervous system has been described in the literature as a single case report, preceding the development of acute monocytic leukemia by 1 year. We report a previously undescribed presentation of acute monocytic leukemia as a left temporal lobe extra-axial mass with concomitant bone marrow involvement. We describe our findings in order to heighten awareness of this entity, which may be encountered in morphologic evaluation of central nervous system masses.
Sclerosing Hyaline Necrosis of the Liver in Bloom Syndrome
Authors: Wang Jun , Cornford Marcia E. , German James , French Samuel W.
Published: January 2021

Bloom syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by normally proportioned but strikingly small body size, a characteristic facies and photosensitive facial skin lesion, immunodeficiency, and a marked predisposition to development of a variety of cancers. We describe here, we believe for the first time, pronounced sclerosing hyaline necrosis with Mallory bodies in the liver of a patient with Bloom syndrome. Mallory bodies are cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions, which are more common in visibly damaged, swollen hepatocytes in various liver diseases but are never found in normal liver. The possible pathogenesis of this finding in Bloom syndrome is discussed.
Fatal Pulmonary Tumor Embolism Caused by Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ahmed Atif A. , Heller Debra S.
Published: January 2021

Fatal pulmonary tumor embolism is an unusual phenomenon that has only rarely been reported with osteosarcoma. It usually presents with typical symptoms and signs of pulmonary thromboembolism. The authors report the case of a 65-year-old woman with chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the distal femur who suffered a fatal tumor embolism 30 hours after surgery and review the literature.
What Do the Accreditation Organizations Expect?: American Association of Blood Banks
Authors: Otter Jean , Cooper E. Shannon
Published: January 2021

In 1958, the American Association of Blood Banks introduced the first edition of Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services. That same year, the association implemented the Inspection and Accreditation Program. This program served the association well for 40 years; however, factors such as the application of Current Good Manufacturing Practices by the Food and Drug Administration, the implementation of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 by the Health Care Financing Administration, managed care, competition, and increased cost pressures have changed the way the blood banking community conducts its business. In the early 1990s the board of directors recognized the need to reevaluate the Inspection and Accreditation Program and developed a strategic plan for implementation of a new accreditation program, with an emphasis on prevention rather than detection of errors. The first step in the process was the development of the Accreditation Program Committee. The committee was charged to develop and coordinate a program that would bring the accreditation process in tune with the current climate of blood banking and move it into the 21st century. The board charged the committee with the development of a program that recognizes the differences and similarities within the diverse groups of American Association of Blood Banks institutional members and to take into consideration how they do business and respond to regulations, standards, and other requirements.
Influence of Etoposide on the Retention of Radiolabeled Low-Density Lipoprotein in the Arterial Wall
Authors: Krainer Michael , Rodrigues Margarida , Zielinski Christoph , Sinzinger Helmut
Published: January 2021

Background.—Cardiovascular toxicity of chemotherapy for testicular cancer is a matter of discussion, since highly efficient agents can achieve cure of the disease, even in the metastasized setting. Acute ischemic events during the treatment period and a persistently elevated serum cholesterol thereafter are observations of particular concern in these patients, and the underlying basic mechanisms are unknown to date.

Objective.—To evaluate etoposide, which is part of the standard treatment for testicular cancer, as a potential cause of atherogenesis in an experimental model.

Setting.—Aortic 125I-labeled low-density lipoprotein retention was studied in 72 cholesterol-fed rabbits under etoposide treatment and was quantified according to the morphologically assessed type of surface lining. Aortic cholesterol content was determined both by Sudan III staining and quantitatively by a biochemical assay.

Results.—A reduced uptake of 125I-labeled low-density lipoprotein in the arterial wall was observed in the etoposide-treated animals, which resulted in a size reduction of sudanophilic areas and cholesterol content. Whereas the breakdown of 125I-labeled low-density lipoprotein in the liver was not significantly enhanced, the plasma decay of 125I-labeled low-density lipoprotein was faster and serum cholesterol was lower in the etoposide group than in controls.

Conclusion.—Unexpectedly, we found an improvement of arterial wall lipid metabolism under etoposide treatment and can thus exclude this substance as a promoter of atherogenesis in this model.
Axillary Sentinel Lymph Node Examination in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Kelley Scott W. , Komorowski Richard A. , Dayer Anne M.
Published: January 2021

Objective.—To evaluate whether the type of pathologic examination of breast sentinel nodes (frozen section, step sections, and immunoperoxidase staining) results in different percentages of nodes positive for metastatic disease.

Design.—Twenty-eight consecutive patients with breast sentinel node biopsies were evaluated by step-sectioning the sentinel node(s) along with performing immunoperoxidase stains for low-molecular-weight cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen.

Setting and Participants.—The patients were from a university hospital and large private hospital.

Main Outcome Measures.—The results of the step sections and immunoperoxidase stains were compared with routine examination, that is, intraoperative frozen section along with a single hematoxylin-eosin slide.

Results.—Nine cases were positive by routine evaluation, 10 by step sections, and 11 by immunoperoxidase staining.

Conclusions.—The large, multi-institutional studies of sentinel node utility must take into account the surgical pathology methods used to evaluate these specimens so that uniform techniques, which reliably predict the status of the axillary nodes, can be instituted at all institutions that use this procedure.
Optimizing the Cost-effectiveness of Quality Assurance in Transfusion Medicine
Authors: AuBuchon James P.
Published: January 2021

Although quality assurance efforts have been integrated into many aspects of American health care, their value has been questioned. They can consume large amounts of resources (monetary and/or temporal), calling into question their cost-effectiveness. To improve the yield of quality assurance efforts and limit their consumption of administrative resources, they need to be focused on those aspects of the operation where improvement is needed or where errors are particularly problematic and costly. Just as a quality assurance program needs to define the outcome required of the process being monitored, the outcome of the quality assurance process needs to be defined at the outset; the simplest possible system should then be designed to capture the necessary data to direct improvement. Although quality assurance efforts have been documented to yield substantial savings, their real payback is provided through better control of an operation and more complete knowledge of the status of that operation.
Myelolipoma of the Renal Sinus
Authors: Amin Mitual B. , Tickoo Satish K. , Schultz Daniel , Amin Mahul B.
Published: January 2021

Extra-adrenal myelolipomas are rare; approximately 36 cases have been reported to date. We document a case of myelolipoma presenting as a localized mass in the renal sinus of a 66-year-old man. The chief clinical and radiologic differential diagnostic considerations in this case included a malignant renal tumor arising in the hilum. The patient was being investigated for recurrent urinary tract infections and vague abdominal pains. Histologically, the lesion showed features characteristic of a myelolipoma. There was also marked chronic inflammation in and around the mass. The uneventful follow-up of 62 months is in keeping with the benign nature of this lesion. This report expands the possibilities of the differential diagnoses of renal hilar neoplasms, particularly in view of the increased use of imaging techniques that are bound to detect many incidental lesions in this region.

(Arch Pathol Lab Med.1999;123:631–634)
Gynecologic Cytology Turnaround Time
Authors: Jones Bruce A. , Valenstein Paul N. , Steindel Steven J.
Published: January 2021

Objectives.—To determine the turnaround time for gynecologic cytology in a large sample of laboratories and to identify laboratory and specimen characteristics associated with better and worse performance.

Design and Setting.—Prospective evaluation of gynecologic cytology turnaround times in 371 laboratories.

Main Outcome Measure.—Gynecologic cytology case turnaround time.

Results.—Three hundred seventy-one laboratories submitted information regarding laboratory characteristics and processes, and turnaround times of 66 042 gynecologic cytology cases. Half of the participating laboratories had mean turnaround times of 6 calendar days or less and were able to complete 90% of their cases within 8 calendar days. Ten percent of participants had mean turnaround times greater than 13 days and required 19 or more days to report 90% of their cases. Longer turnaround times were associated with the use of reference laboratories for all or part of the evaluation; contacting the physician's office for additional information; using cytotechnology students, residents, or fellows in the evaluation; and providing service on the weekend.

Conclusion.—Practice patterns contribute to the long turnaround times for gynecologic cytology found in some laboratories and may be improved by local site-specific process analysis.