bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG DOXEPIN: A PROMISING ANTIOXIDANT
Authors: Palchoudhuri Shauroseni , Mukhopadhyay Debanjan , Sinha Roy Debalina , Ghosh Bidisha , Das Sukhen , Dastidar Sujata G.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of exposure to environmental pollutants and to different free radical generatingbiochemical reactions in a human system leading to various types of age-related ailments. An antioxidant is a substance capable of preventingor slowing down oxidation of other molecules. Administration of different natural or synthetic antioxidants can ably lead to prevention andattenuation of such stress-induced biochemical alterations. Best examples of natural antioxidants are plant-derived flavonoids. The presentstudy has been designated to determine antioxidant properties in antidepressant compound doxepin which is structurally similar to flavonoidquercetin.Methods: Antioxidant capacity in doxepin was determined with help of several standard conventional procedures such as phosphomolybdenumassay, Ferric ion and cupric ion reducing power assays, ferrous ion chelating activity assay, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide scavenging activityassays.Results: Doxepin showed a stable rise in its antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner as determined by ferric as well as cupric ion reducingcapacity and by phosphomolybdenum assay. An almost identical observation was noted while determining ferrous ion chelating activity. Furthermore,doxepin showed a strong nitric oxide scavenging activity in all the concentrations used in the study while its hydrogen peroxide scavenging activitywas only observed at 500 μg/ml of doxepin.Conclusion: Thus, our study opens up a new vista in search for antioxidants not only from plant sources but also from clinically establishedpharmaceutical compounds that are already in practical use among patients.Keywords: Antioxidant, Antidepressant, Doxepin, Quercetin, Flavanol, Flavonoids.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE FLOATING MICROSPHERES OF REPAGLINIDE: OPTIMIZATION AND IN-VITRO STUDIES
Authors: Sharma Megha , Kohli Seema , Pal Abhisek
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To develop and evaluate floating microspheres of repaglinide (RG).Materials and Methods: RG loaded noneffervescent microspheres of different ratios of ethylcellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMCK4M) were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol as emulsifier by solvent evaporation technique. Various process variables such as polymer ratio, stirringspeed, concentration of drug, and emulsifying agent were studied. Compatibility of drug and polymers was studied by Fourier-transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR). Characterization, in-vitro evaluation, and kinetic studies were performed.Results: FTIR spectra have revealed no drug-excipient incompatibility. The average particle size of microspheres was in the range of 312-359 μm. Theresults showed that floating microspheres were successfully prepared with good yield (56.15-64.3%), high entrapment efficiency (58.22-70.14%),and good floating behavior (63.1-76.2%), respectively. In-vitro release data indicates appreciable amount of drug is released (62.28-73.27%) from themicrospheres in gastric fluid. The mechanism of drug release founds to follow first order kinetics (r2=0.986).Conclusion: The developed floating microspheres of RG may be used for prolonged drug release for at least 12 hrs, thereby improving bioavailabilityand patient compliance.Keywords: Repaglinide, Compatibility, Kinetic, Ethylcellulose.
DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN AND PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS PRESCRIBED IN SECONDARY CARE HOSPITAL IN GUJARAT, INDIA
Authors: Solanki Nilay D , Patel Pratik
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Hypertension is the most common condition seen in primary care and leads to myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and death if notdetected early and treated appropriately. A large number of antihypertensive drugs alone or in various combinations are available, and physiciansneed to choose most appropriate drug for a particular patient. Pharmacoeconomic and drug utilization studies at regular intervals help physicians toprescribed rational drugs with high efficacy along with minimal cost.Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted at Seth H. J. Mahagujarat Hospital from July to December 2013. 250 hypertensivepatients, attending medicine outpatient department were included for drug utilization study and 100 hypertensive patients, attending in patientsdepartment were included for pharmacoeconomics analysis during the study period.Result: The most frequently prescribed antihypertensive drug as monotherapy, as combination therapy and in fixed dose combinations was calciumchannel blocker (Amlodipine). Generic drugs showed same efficacy as brand drug, but both drugs were significantly differed in the prize. Among 100inpatients admitted for the hypertensive condition in general ward total of direct medical cost was 65.19% and total of indirect medical cost was34.81%. β-blocker and diuretics were the most effective therapy which is followed by the clonidine, envas (Enalapril), and then, amlodipine.Conclusion: We concluded from this study that use of β-blockers and diuretics were most cost-effective for the hypertensive patients in this study.Keywords: Antihypertensive drugs, Drug utilization study, Pharmacoeconomics analysis.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE FROM FICUS CARICA FRUIT EXTRACT, CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES AND ITS APPLICATION ON DYE DEGRADATION STUDIES
Authors: Shanmugam Kirubanandan , P Tharunya , V Subha , S Sandhaya , S Renganathan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has become a matter of great interest in recent times due to their various advantageous propertiesand applications in a variety of fields. Metal NPs are being increasingly used in many sectors, and there is growing interest in the biological andenvironmental safety of their production.Methods: In this study, iron oxide NPs (Fe3O4-NPs) were synthesized from fruits of Ficus carica using a rapid, single step and completely greenbiosynthetic method by reduction of ferrous sulfate solution with F. carica ethanolic extract. The prepared Fe3O4-NPs were investigated by X-raydiffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.Results: The report emphasizes the effect of superparamagnetic Fe3O4-NPs on the degradation rate of hazardous dyes acid blue.Conclusion: To conclude, Fe3O4-NPs were prepared from fruits of F. carica using a rapid, single step and completely green biosynthetic method byreduction of ferrous sulfate solution with F. carica ethanolic extract.Keywords: Ficus carica, Ethanolic extract, Reduction, Ferrous sulfate, Superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles, Dye degradation.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY STUDIES ON ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS BENTH. (LEAF) AGAINST MCF–7 CELL LINES
Authors: Saravanan Renuka , Pemiah Brindha , Narayanan Mahesh , Ramalingam Sivakumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of the study was to determine the anticancer efficacy of Orthosiphon stamineus extract against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7(MCF-7) and its phytochemical analysis through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods: Different solvents were used for leaf extraction and used for qualitative assay of phytochemicals using standard protocols. Differentconcentration (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) of methanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of O. stamineus leaves were used to assess the in vitrocytotoxic effect using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Further, the ethyl acetate extract was subjected toGC-MS analysis, and the identification of components was based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology library database.Result: Of the hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, methanol extract found to contain more of phytochemicals followed by ethyl acetate. Theinhibitory concentration 50 for methanol extract and ethyl acetate extract was found be 93.42 μg/ml and 215.3 μg/ml, respectively.GC-MS mass spectrum of ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of squalene and phytol and antioxidants such as flavones. Sterols compoundssuch as vitamin E, ergosterol, cholesterol, and 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and terpenoids were also identified.Conclusion: The data obtained in this work could be useful as a chemical standard in checking the genuineness of this plant source. Data of the resultsfurther depicted that the selected traditional anti-cancer plants could be used not only as an anti-cancer but also as a good antioxidant.Keywords: Anti-cancer, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Orthosiphon stamineus, Michigan cancer fsoundation-7cells.
PERCENTAGE YIELD OF VOLATILE OIL FROM WOOD DUST OF TREES FROM SAW MILL IN HIMALAYAN AREAS
Authors: Vashist Hem Raj , Sharma Diksha
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Trees with medicinal values have always been ignored and neglected from their inherent medicinal value. Instead of their medicinal use,such plants are widely used by carpenters and also by people for cooking. The irrational uses of such valuable flora are diminishing our medicinalplants’ bank. There is no doubt that the uses of such plants by carpenters are a necessity of growing society. Then, we need to opt any other middleway to fulfill both the necessities from such valuable flora. By considering this, all the present study is focused on the extraction of volatile oil fromsawdust of Pinus roxburghii and Cedrela toona (SDPR and SDCT) was carried out in the present study.Methods: Here, in the present work, we have collected the fresh powder near from the running saw of working carpenter cutting Pinus roxburghiiwood and Cedrela toona wood into flat board. The SDPR and SDCT were then weighed and filled separately to two 500 ml round bottom flask, andclevenger apparatus assemblies were adjusted for both. The temperature was adjusted at75°C. Hydrodistillation was continued for 3 hrs.Result: The result revealed 0.5% v/w of volatile oil from SDPR in 3 hrs. The meniscus observed for SDCT is slightly blurred up to 0.5 ml (2 mm) whichwas considered as volatile oil. The total percentage so obtained was calculated as 0.25% v/w.Conclusion: The present study may guide to utilize the saw rust from pine and red cedar plant to isolate valuable medicinal constituents. Further, thestudy may help the researcher to use wood dust to research different ways.Keywords: Pinus roxburghii, Cedrela toona, Hydrodistillation, Herbal medicine.
IMMUNOHISTOPATHOLOGICAL ROLE OF BCL2 AND P53 GENE EXPRESSION IN HELICOBACTER PYLORI CYTOTOXIN-ASSOCIATED GENE A POSITIVE VERSUS CYTOTOXIN-ASSOCIATED GENE A NEGATIVE ANTRAL PREDOMINANT NON-ATROPHIC GASTRITIS IN IRAQI PATIENTS
Authors: Al-ezzy Ali Ibrahim Ali
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: To determine the role of Bcl2 and p53 gene expression in the pathogenesis of antral-predominant non-atrophic gastritis (APNG) accordingto Helicobacter pylori (HP) cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) status.Methods: Multiple antral biopsies were taken from 78 patients for rapid urease test, histopathology, Bcl2 and P53 immunohistochemistry and HPCagA in situ hybridization.Results: CagA was detected in 74.35% cases. There was no significant difference in Bcl2 expression among CagA+ and CagA− APNG cases. Significantdifferences in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and lymphocytes grades were detected among CagA+ and CagA− APNG cases. There was nosignificant correlation among patients’ age, inflammatory infiltrates, Bcl2, p53 expression. CagA has positive correlation with p53 (p=0.001), PMNsgrade (p=0.027), lymphocytes grade (p=0.003), inflammation intensity (p=0.006), and inflammation activity (p=0.007). Bcl2 has no significantcorrelation with p53, CagA, PMNs, and lymphocytes indexes. P53 expression has significant correlation with PMNs and lymphocyte grades (p=0.000),inflammation intensity (p=0.003), and inflammation activity (p=0.002). PMNs grade has positive correlation with lymphocyte grade, inflammationintensity, and activity (p=0.000). Lymphocyte grade has a significant correlation with inflammation intensity and activity (p=0.000). Inflammationintensity has a significant correlation with inflammation activity (p=0.000).Conclusions: CagA cytotoxin has direct effect on P53 gene and indirect effect on Bcl2 gene expression in APNG cases. Bcl2 and P53 expression donot get affected by patient’s age and gender. PMNs grade, lymphocytes grade, inflammation intensity, and inflammation activity affected directly byP53 and CagA cytotoxin expression and indirectly by Bcl2 expression. The balance of P53-Bcl2 pathways play a vital role in pathogenesis of HP andCagA-induced APNG.Keywords: Antral-predominant non-atrophic gastritis, Bcl2, p53, Helicobacter pylori, Cytotoxin-associated gene A.
HEREDITORY GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS IN A 7-YEAR-OLD GIRL: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bailwad Sandeep A , Patil Navin , Nuvulla Sivakumar , Chhaparwal Yogesh , Kumar Saurabh , Kotian Rahul , O Balaji
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a case of hereditary gingival fibromatosis, a rarely reported disorder and addresses the complex nature of oral diagnosis,treatment and long-term case management in the hereditary form of recurrent gingival fibromatosis. Case management is discussed in relation toa 7-year-old girl who presented with recurrent, progressive gingival enlargement requiring consecutive periodontal treatment. The initial course oftreatment included 4-quadrant gingivectomy with excisional bevel incisions, followed by microscopic examination of the gingivectomy specimenswhich supported the clinical diagnosis. 1 year later, recurrence of the condition was observed in all quadrants. It is recommended that patients withthis condition be monitored closely after gingivectomy so that the treatment requirements of localized areas can be addressed as needed.Keywords: Heredity, Genome, Phenotype, Chromosome, Autosomal inheritance.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY OF THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF NIFEDIPINE IN MEDICINES
Authors: Logoyda Liliya , Korobko Dmytro , Kovalenko Serhii , Ivanusa Iryna
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim was to develop a simple, rapid, less expensive, linear, precise, and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographymethod for determination of nifedipine in tablets.Methods: The chromatographic analysis of nifedipine was performed using liquid chromatograph Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC System. Selectedconditions were isocratic elution with binary mobile phase consisting of solution methanol and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (55:45). Detection wascarried out using spectrophotometric detector at 265 nm. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.Results: The retention time for nifedipine by proposed high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is observed as 3.5 minutes. Thecorrelation coefficients are 1.0000. The developed chromatographic method was found to be accurate with recovery 99.2-99.8% and was foundwithin the acceptance criteria (i.e. 98.0-102.0%) with acceptable % relative standard deviation of not more than 2% at each level. The assay results ofnifedipine in tablets by developed method are highly reproducible, reliable and are in good agreement with the label claim of the medicines (average99.62 %).Conclusion: Finally, it should be noted that a new simple, rapid, linear, precise, accurate HPLC method was developed and validated for thedetermination of nifedipine in medicines in accordance with the ICH guidelines. These results show the method are accurate, precise, sensitive,economic, and rugged. The proposed HPLC method is rapider (retention time is 3.5 minutes). This method can be useful for the routine analysis ofnifedipine in pharmaceutical dosage form.Keywords: Nifedipine, High-performance liquid chromatography, Validation, Linearity, Accuracy, Range of application.
COMPARISON STUDY OF GRINDING AND SLURRY METHOD ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF ACYCLOVIR – SUCCINIC ACID COCRYSTAL
Authors: Rahman Fauzi , Winantari Agnes Nuniek , Setyawan Dwi , . Siswandono
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to compare the characteristics of acyclovir (ACV)-succinic acid (SA) cocrystal with grinding and slurry method.Methods: Cocrystals were prepared using grinding and slurry methods. Physicochemical characterizations were performed using powder X-raydiffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), anddissolution test.Results: The study revealed that cocrystal of ACV-SA showed a decrease in the melting temperature, i.e., 175.10°C, respectively, in comparison with themelting point of the constituent materials (ACV 253.53°C and SA 187.29°C). PXRD diffractogram showed that cocrystal with grinding method exhibitednew diffraction peaks at angle 2θ=8.92°, 16.24°, and 17.14°, while PXRD diffractogram of cocrystal with slurry method exhibit new diffraction peaksat angle 2θ=16.25°, and 19.63°. Characterization with IR spectroscopy showed the disappearance of transmission peaks at 3441cm disappearance ofC=O stretch at 1584cm and 1612cm. Dissolution efficiency of each treatment group calculated the efficiency of dissolution in 15th minutes, grindingmethod cocrystal with grinding time 15 minutes give the dissolution efficiency were 54.23%. Slurry method cocrystal with solvent concentration12 ml/g gives the high value of the dissolution efficiency is 74.36%. SEM micrographs showed that cocrystals prepared by solvent evaporation methodhave differences crystal form at magnification 5000× magnification compared to pure ACV and physical mixture.Conclusion: The study concluded that cocrystals of ACV-SA were successfully formed using grinding and slurry methods. The formed cocrystalsof ACV-SA exhibited different physicochemical characteristics as compared to the constituent materials. The formed cocrystals prepared by slurrymethod have a high intensity of diffraction peak on X-ray diffraction and highest dissolution efficiency at 15 minutes rather than grinding methodcocrystal.Keywords: Cocrystal, Acyclovir, Succinic acid, Grinding, Slurry, Powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Dissolution rate.
VALIDATED REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ARTEMETHER AND LUMEFANTRINE IN FIXED COMBINED DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Venkata Rao Payyavula , C Rambabu
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The present aim is to develop simple, precise, and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) forthe simultaneous assay of artemether and lumefantrine in fixed combined dosage form.Methods: The chromatographic study was carried out on Hypersil C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μ) with mobile phase containing a mixture of KH2PO4buffer (pH-3.5) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 45:55% v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/minute with ultraviolet detection at 218 nm in ambient columntemperature.Results: Using the optimized chromatographic conditions artemether and lumefantrine eluted with retention times of 2.207 and 3.733 minutes,respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines with good reproducibility and linear responses, y=60.813.x+629.53 (r²=0.9982)for artemether and y=88.3108.x+2370.2 (r²=0.9912). The % relative standard deviations of intra-day precision was ranged 0.378% and 1.26% forartemether and 0.459% and 1.15% for lumefantrine, respectively. The percentage recoveries were ranged from 99.96% to 100.02% for artemetherand 99.96-99.97% for lumefantrine, respectively.Conclusions: The developed RP-HPLC method was validated as per ICH guidelines and was found to be best suitable for pharmacokinetic studies ofthese mentioned drugs.Keywords: Artemether, Lumefantrine, ICH guidelines.
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE (CASHEW APPLE FRUIT) AGAINST ALUMINUM TOXICITY: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN RATS
Authors: Kalyani Gade , P Bhagyasree
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To study the protective role of fruit extract of Anacardium occidentale (cashew apple) in aluminum-induced cognitive dysfunction andoxidative damage in albino rat, and to explore the neuroprotective effect of A. occidentale represented by behavior and memory tests.Methods: Male Wistar rats (30) were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Group I received normal saline. Group II was administered orally withaluminum chloride (100 mg/kg). Group III received rivastigmine 0.3 mg/kg body orally. Groups IV and V were administered with A. occidentale200 and 400 mg/kg along with aluminum chloride of 100 mg/kg orally after 1 hr interval. The study was carried out for 42 days (6 weeks). Thebehavioral assessment was performed using Rota-rod apparatus and Elevated plus maze and Biochemical parameters from brain homogenate such asacetylcholinesterase activity, total protein, lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione reductase (GR)were estimated. All the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.Results: The % reduction of acetylcholinesterase, GR observed in A.O (400 mg/kg) dose as compared with that of standard drug was found to be87.5% and 89%, respectively, whereas % reduction of catalase and SOD observed in A.O (400 mg/kg) dose as compared with that of standard drugwas found to be 97% and 99%, respectively.Conclusion: This study demonstrates A. occidentale fruit has a neuroprotective effect against aluminum-induced behavioral changes.Keywords: Occidentale, Neuroprotective, Alzheimer’s disease, Aluminum.
PATTERN OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Raja Sangeetha , R Jamuna Rani , P Kala
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to carry out adverse drug reactions (ADRs) monitoring in various departments of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on ADRs reported in the hospital from December 2012 to May 2013 after obtaining InstitutionalEthics Committee approval.Results: A total of 40 ADRs were reported, 47.50% were males and 52.50% were females. The female adult population was 45%. The majority of ADRswere due to antimicrobial agents especially beta-lactam antibiotics (42.5%) followed by NSAIDs (7.50%). A maximum number of patients (75%)were reported with dermatological manifestations. The department of medicine reported the highest number of ADRs (37.5%). As per Naranjo’sprobability scale, 62.5% reports were assessed as probable. 62.5% reports were documented as mild according to Modified Hartwig’s criteria forseverity assessment.Conclusion: This study was done to sensitize the practicing physicians on the importance of adverse drug monitoring and reporting.Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, Adverse drug reactions, Tertiary care teaching hospital, Antimicrobial agents.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, IN VIVO ANTIPYRETIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF PARONYCHIA CAPITATA L.
Authors: Bouzidi Soumia , Naima Benkiki , Zina Allaoua
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Paronychia capitata various extracts, acute toxicity, the in vivoantipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of the n-butanol extract.Methods: The antioxidant properties were tested using 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and β-carotene linoleic acid system, thetotal phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activity and antipyretic activity of the n-butanol extractwere assessed on male Wistar rats at the dose levels 250, 500 mg/kg body weight, using the egg albumin-induced edema, and brewer’s yeast-inducedpyrexia method, respectively.Results: The n-butanol extract of P. capitata had considerably the highest antiradical activity with inhibitory concentration 50 value of 8.667 μg/ml.Conclusion: The experimental data demonstrated that n-butanol extract of P. capitata possess significantly remarkable anti-inflammatory andantipyretic activities compared to the standard drugs.Keywords: Caryophyllaceae, Flavonoid, Inflammation, Fever, Paronychia capitata.
ASSOCIATION OF LIPID FRACTIONS LEVELS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Rada Feryal H.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study is to analyze the association of serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with angina pectoris.Methods: A total of 110 patients (60 males and 50 females) with angina pectoris aged (55±5) years and 80 healthy controls (43 males and37 females) aged (45±4) years were enrolled in this case-control study from the clinic of Al Yarmouk Hospital. Serum lipids, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)],apolipoprotein-A1, and apolipoprotein-B levels were measured and studied.Results: The results of this study showed that increased odds of angina pectoris were associated with increased serum levels of Lp(a) more thanserum levels of apolipoprotein-B.Conclusions: Analysis of Lp(a) may be an important determinant of cardiovascular disease diagnosis.Keywords: Lipoprotein(a), Apolipoprotein-A1, Apo lipoprotein-B, Angina pectoris.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BEE PROPOLIS AGAINST ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS (RIFAMPICIN AND ISONIAZID)-INDUCED HEMATOLOGICAL TOXICITY IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS
Authors: Bharti Umesh , Kumar Neelima R , Kaur Jaspreet
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Protective effect of bee propolis against anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs (rifampicin and isoniazid)-induced hematological toxicity in SpragueDawley (SD) rats.Methods: Experimental male SD rats weighing 180±20 g were randomly assigned into eight groups (n=6), the Group 1 served as control; Group 2received 200 mg bee propolis/kg body weight; Groups 3, 5, and 7 were treated with drugs 100 mg rifampicin/kg body weight, 50 mg isoniazid/kgbody weight, and 100 mg rifampicin+50 mg isoniazid/kg body weight, respectively. Groups 4, 6, and 8 were treatment groups receiving 200 mg beepropolis/kg body weight+100 mg rifampicin/kg body weight, 200 mg bee propolis/kg body weight+50 mg isoniazid/kg body weight, and 200 mg beepropolis/kg body weight+100 mg rifampicin+50 mg isoniazid/kg body weight, respectively. All the treatments were given for 30 days, and then, therats were sacrificed under light esthesia by cervical dislocation and blood was collected for physiological studies.Results: Bee propolis supplementation (200 mg/kg body weight) showed increased level of hemoglobin with respect to rifampicin (15.45%),isoniazid (11.34%), and rifampicin plus isoniazid (5.04%) administered groups after 30 days of treatment. Moreover, the decreased level of red bloodcell count and white blood cell count by anti-TB drugs rifampicin, isoniazid, and rifampicin plus isoniazid together was also elevated in treatmentgroup with bee propolis.Conclusion: Coadministration of propolis (200 mg bee propolis/kg body weight) with drugs helped modulate the toxic effects by restoring testedvalues to near normal.Keywords: Propolis, Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Hemoglobin, Red blood cell count, White blood cell count.
PUNICA GRANATUM RIND EXTRACT: ANTIBIOTIC POTENTIATOR AND EFFLUX PUMP INHIBITOR OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE CLINICAL ISOLATES
Authors: Rafiq Zumaana , Narasimhan Sreevidya , Haridoss Magesh , Vennila Rosy , Vaidyanathan Rama
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: With a rise in multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates, search for antibiotics or compounds that could act synergistically with themis a significant area of research. Efflux-mediated resistance, in particular, is a great hurdle that needs to be overcome. In an effort to identify suchsynergistic compounds and potential efflux pump inhibitors (EPI), we analyzed the rind of Punica granatum (pomegranate) against MDR clinicalKlebsiella pneumoniae isolates.Methods: Sequential fractionation of P. granatum rind ethanol (PGR) extract was carried out to obtain hexane, butanol and water fractions.Antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was confirmed, and synergistic interaction with antibiotics was determined by the checkerboard assay. Gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the phytochemical constituents of the hexane extract. To study EPIactivity of the extracts, norfloxacin accumulation assay was carried out.Results: PGR ethanol extract was found to have synergistic activity with ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, meropenem, and gentamicinresulting in fold decrease of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 2 to 32 fold. The hexane fraction was found to have maximumsynergistic activity resulting in a 32-fold reduction of ciprofloxacin MIC followed by butanol and water fractions. The PGR ethanol extract was alsofound to have efflux inhibition activity by the norfloxacin accumulation assay. Of the sequential fractions, the butanol fraction had maximum effluxinhibition activity.Conclusion: Therefore, our study shows that PGR extract can potentiate the effect of antibiotics on MDR bacteria, and the mode of action is likely tobe due to EPI.Keywords: Punica granatum rind, Pomegranate, Synergy with antibiotics, Multidrug resistant, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Efflux pump inhibition.
GREEN TECHNOLOGY MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM MOMORDICA CHARANTIA FRUIT EXTRACT AND ITS BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Joshi S C , Kaushik Utkarsh , Upadhyaya Aproova , Sharma Priyanka
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The synthesis of nanoparticles from biological processes is evolving a new era of research interests in nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticlesare usually synthesized by chemicals and physical method, which are quite toxic and flammable in nature. This study deals with an environmentfriendly biosynthesis process of antibacterial silver nanoparticles using Momordica charantia fruit.Methods: AgNO3 (5 mM) was allowed to react with fruit extract of M. charantia. Biosynthesis of AgNPs was optimized by changing temperature,pH, and solvent. The silver nanoparticles so formed were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: UV-VIS spectra show absorption peak between 420 and 430 nm. The FTIR analysis showed the alcoholic, lactam, and nitro group presentin the plant extract, which were responsible for the reduction in AgNPs. The SEM images showed the size distribution of the nanoparticles and theaverage size was found to be 50-100 nm. By DLS analysis and AFM analysis, average sizes of the silver nanoparticles were of 150 nm. The results ofthese analyses confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were tested against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidisstrains using disc diffusion method and were found to be effective.Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles so synthesized in this study using fruit extract of M. charantia are simple, easy, and effective technique of nanoparticlesproduction.Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Momordica charantia, Optimization, Antibacterial, Atomic force microscope, Scanning electron microscopy.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SYNTHESIZED QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVE FOR COLON SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Viswanad Vidya , P Shammika , Tp Aneesh
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The current research deals with the formulation and evaluation of synthesized quinazolinone derivative for colon site specific delivery.Methods: The synthesized quinazolinone derivative was enteric coated 5% Eudragit L-100 with by wet granulation method using guar gum, pectin,and guar gum pectin combination as hydrophilic polymer. The prepared matrix tablet was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry andevaluated for different pre-compression and post-compression studies and drug release profiles.Results: All the matrix tablets were within the range of pharmacopeial limits with better flow properties. All the six formulations of matrix tablets haddisintegrated within 5-6 minutes. The optimized formulation selected was F6 formulation combination of guar gum and pectin with 95.79% of drugrelease than compared to the remaining formulation. The optimized matrix tablets followed zero order kinetics with Fickian diffusion.Conclusion: The results proposed that the combination of guar gum and pectin coated tablet with 5% Eudragit L-100 of synthesized quinazolinonederivative is a promising colon site specific delivery.Keywords: Quinazolinone derivative, In vitro drug release, Disintegration time, Guar gum, Pectin, 5% Eudragit L-100, Colon site-specific delivery, Wetgranulation, Compression.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM EDIBLE MUSHROOM: A REVIEW
Authors: Karuppiah Chandran Priyadarshni , Pambayan Ulagan Mahalingam
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBiologically inspired nanoparticle synthesis is currently a rapid expanding area of research in nanotechnology. Nanoparticle synthesis utilizing thebioresources such as plants and microbes appears to be a viable, low-cost, and eco-friendly approach. Especially mushrooms can be used for largescalesynthesis of silver nanoparticles as mushroom produces many proteins that reduce the silver nitrate during the biosynthesis. Silver nanoparticlescan be characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electronmicroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and transmission electron microscope. Silver nanoparticles possess high antibacterial activity since silver indifferent forms has been extensively used as a medicine for curing diseases and promote wound healing. Silver nanoparticles have high surfacespecific area, which will lead to excellent antimicrobial activity as compared with bulk metallic silver. Further, the silver nanoparticles show anticanceractivity against various cell lines such as human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (HEP-2), colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-116), breast adenocarcinoma(MCF-7), liver carcinoma (Hep-G2), and intestinal adenocarcinoma (Caco2) were well documented. This review intends to present green synthesis ofsilver nanoparticles and their application as antimicrobial and anticancer agents.Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Bioresources, Mushroom, Antimicrobial activity, Anticancer property.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN SODIUM ALGINATE CARBAMAZEPINE MICROSPHERES
Authors: Nair Sreeja C , Ramesh Karthika , M Krishnapriya , Paul Asha
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective behind our study is that a mucoadhesive rectal hydrogel chitosan sodium alginate carbamazepine (CBZ) microspheres forthe purpose of controlled release for the treatment of epilepsy to avoid the possible side effects.Methods: The study was conducted to formulate controlled release chitosan sodium alginate CBZ microspheres with the dispersion of CBZ into thenatural polymers chitosan and sodium alginate forming microspheres conducting along with their evaluation studies.Results: The formulated microspheres were subjected to various evaluation parameters, and all the physical parameters examined are within theacceptable limits. Further, the optimized microsphere formulation (CM5) was characterized. Hence, the developed optimized microsphere formulation(CM5) seems to be a viable substitute to conventional drug delivery system for the effective management of epilepsy.Conclusion: The prepared formulation also provides a desired CBZ loaded sodium alginate microspheres with the controlled release drug delivery.Keywords: Carbamazepine, Sodium alginate microspheres, Particle size.
IMPROVEMENT OF DISSOLUTION RATE OF VALSARTAN BY SOLID DISPERSION SYSTEM USING D(−) MANNITOL
Authors: Zaini Erizal , Umar Salman , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To improve dissolution rate of valsartan from solid dispersion system of valsartan and D(−) mannitol using co-grinding approach.Methods: Valsartan solid dispersion with different ratio of D(−) mannitol (1:1; 1:3 and 1: 5) were prepared by co-grinding method. Solid statecharacterization of the solid dispersion system was evaluated in term of crystallographic properties (powder X-ray diffraction), thermal behavior(differential scanning calorimetry [DSC]) and morphology (scanning electron microscope). The profile of dissolution rate was examined using USPdissolution apparatus type I at a temperature of 37±0.5°C.Results: Based on thermal analysis DSC and powder X-ray diffraction analysis, valsartan was transformed from semicrystalline phase to amorphousstate as indicated by the disappearance of its melting endothermic peaks and the characteristic diffraction peaks. The in vitro dissolution rate studyrevealed that all solid dispersion system showed significant increase in dissolution rate compared with the intact valsartan.Conclusion: Solid dispersion of valsartan with D(−) mannitol prepared by co-grinding technique has successfully improved the dissolution ratecompared with intact valsartan.Keywords: Valsartan, D(−) mannitol, Solid dispersion, Co-grinding, Dissolution rate.
ROLE OF EFFECTIVE PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN REDUCING DRUG DEVELOPMENT COST
Authors: Zaidi Faisal B A , Ahmed Salma , Makkad Munish
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPharmaceuticals are passing through the difficult phase due to increasing numbers of patents expiry along with increasing cost of drug development.Protocol design, regulatory cycle time, site selection, patient enrollment and monitoring are some of the cost contributing elements for late phaseclinical trials. This paper applies the principles of project management and suggests means to reduce the cost of late phase drug development. It alsothrows light on the critical role that a project manager can play in overall drug development process.Keywords: Cost of drug development, Effective project management, Reduction in cost of drug development.
EVALUATION OF ANTIULCEROGENIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACTS OF BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. CAPITATA RUBRA ON ALBINO RAT GASTRIC ULCERATION
Authors: Rameshwari K.sudha , M Ayshwarya
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the antiulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract of Brassica var. capitata rubra in albino rats.Methods: To evaluate the antiulcer activity by pyloric ligation models experimentally induced gastric ulcer by ranitidine (10 mg/kg) subcutaneously.The parameters taken to assess antiulcer activity were free acidity, total acidity, volume of gastric juice, PH, ulcer score, and ulcer index.Results: The methanolic extract of Brassica oleracea var. capitata rubra in the dose of 0.50 mg/kg produced significant antiulcer activity. The controlanimals had ulcers and hemorrhagic streaks, whereas in animals administered with extracts of B. oleracea there was a significant reduction in ulcerindex (p˂0.05).Conclusion: This study concluded that methanol extract of B. oleracea var. capitata has healing property of gastric ulcers in albino rats.Keywords: Brassica, Methanol extract, Antiulcer activity, Pyloric ligation model.
KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS ON NEWBORN CARE COMPONENTS: A QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Jayabal Pandiamunian , Thaniarasu Ishwarya
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was done to evaluate the knowledge of primary health-care workers about the newborn care components.Methods: The Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained, and a cross-sectional study was carried out among the primary health-careworkers of Karaikal using a pretested questionnaire from January 2015 to March 2015. The questionnaire contained questions on various domains ofnewborn care components. The study participants were explained about the study. Verbal informed consent was obtained, and the questionnaire wasintroduced to 383 health-care workers. The answered questionnaires were collected and analyzed.Results: A total of 349 participants (192-government employees; 157-private employees) were willing to take part in the study. Most (54.7%) of thegovernment participants were nurses and auxiliary nurse midwives (43.2%) whereas the private sector participants were predominantly (79%)nurses. The knowledge level about some of the newborn care components, namely, positioning and attachment, advice on discharge, time of follow-upcheckup, bad child rearing practices, and danger signs of newborn were assessed to be predominantly inadequate among a majority of health workersof both sectors. 22.29% and 41.1% of the private health-care workers and government health-care workers respectively, were having an overalladequate knowledge (overall score >75%) on newborn care components. Knowledge of the government health workers was significantly better thanprivate health-care staff (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Knowledge is found to be inadequate among health-care workers on some newborn care components which necessitate measures toimprove.Keywords: Newborn care, Nurses, Midwives, Inadequate knowledge, Training programs.
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF GREEN-SYNTHESIZED MANGANESE OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES WITH CURCUMINANILINE FUNCTIONALIZED NANOFORM
Authors: M Muhamed Haneefa , M Jayandran , V Balasubramanian
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Metal oxide nanoparticles are widely attracted researchers due to their potential applications in a variety of fields, especially medicinalimportance. It has been shown that biofunctionalization of metal nanoparticles with the specified bioactive materials produces the significantlyimproved bioactive materials with the essential biological properties and advanced features. According to the reports, manganese oxide nanoparticles(MONPs) possess highly magnetic properties leads to develop for use in research and biomedical applications. In this evaluation, we focused on thesynthesis of MONPs through a green methodology and their antimicrobial activity changes when functionalized with curcuminaniline derived fromturmeric plants.Methods: First, curcumin has been isolated from turmeric plant (BSR-01) to synthesize curcuminaniline biomaterial. On the other hand, manganesenanoparticles are synthesized by the green synthesis method using lemon extract and curcumin. Finally, the synthesized curcuminaniline isfunctionalized with MONPs. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electronmicroscope and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained nonfunctionalized and biofunctionalizednanoforms are tested against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains as well as fungal strains.Results: The morphological studies represented that MONPs are of eclipsed and spherical morphology with size about 50±5 nm and biofunctionalizednanoparticles are of spherical morphology with size about 50±10 nm. The antibacterial and antifungal tests revealed that biofunctionalized MONPsare exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity.Conclusion: This investigation clearly demonstrated that MONPs are shown significantly higher biocidal activity when biofunctionalized withmodified curcumin material. This may help in the future medicinal and pharmaceutical industries to develop new inventions.Keywords: Green synthesis, Nanoparticles, Curcumin, Curcuminaniline, Soxhlet extraction, Antimicrobial activity.
HYPOLIPIDEMIC POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GRACILARIA CORTICATA ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Subashini Sekar , Kripa Kavasseri Ganesan , Pugalendi Kodukur Viswanathan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Diabetes mellitus is associated with profound alterations in the levels of plasma lipids and the lipoprotein profile. Herbs and herbal drugpreparations find wide use in alleviating the complications of uncontrolled diabetes owing to their low cost and lesser side effects. This study wasaimed at establishing the hypolipidemic effect of methanolic extract of sea weed Gracilaria corticata on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods: STZ-induced Wistar male albino rats were administered with methanolic extract of Gracilaria corticata (MGC) at a dosage of 100 mg/kgBW/day per orally for 45 days. Glibenclamide (600 μg/kg BW/day) administered rats served as standard drug control. Animals were sacrificed on46th day, biochemical parameters associated with lipid metabolism were analyzed in blood and tissue samples, statistical significance determined.Results: Elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were observed in the plasma and tissues of diabetic rats as compared toMGC and glibenclamide treated groups. The diabetic rats also had elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL-C) and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) while the MGC and glibenclamide treated rats showed near normal levels of theseindices.Conclusion: This study establishes the hypolipidemic potential of MGC in STZ-induced diabetic rats.Keywords: Gracilaria corticata, Diabetes mellitus, Hypolipidemic, Streptozotocin.
EFFECT OF ORAL MOXONIDINE IN THE ATTENUATION OF THE HAEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES SEEN DURING LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERIES
Authors: Routray Sidharth Sraban , Mohanty Ramakanta
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: During laparoscopic surgeries, pneumoperitoneum can lead to various pathophysiologic changes in the cardiovascular system resulting inhypertension and tachycardia. Search for ideal drug to prevent this hemodynamic response goes on. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect oforally administered moxonidine in attenuating the hemodynamic responses that occur during the laparoscopic surgeries.Methods: A total of 50 adult acetylsalicylic acid I and II patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgeries were selected for this prospectiverandomized double-blinded study. They were randomly allocated into two groups: moxonidine group (M) and placebo group (P). M group receivedoral moxonidine 0.3 mg at 8 pm on the day before surgery and at 8 am on the day of surgery. P group received a placebo at the same timing as that ofthe M group.Results: Following pneumoperitoneum rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR)was higher in P group in comparison to M group which was statistically significant.Conclusion: Significant rise in HR, SBP, DBP, and mean BP was noted in the P group in comparison to moxonidine group. Moxonidine provided betterperioperative hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries.Keywords: Moxonidine, Stress response, Laparoscopic.