bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ESTIMATION OF SECOND-ROUND EFFECTS OF GAS SUPPLY DISLOCATION FROM RUSSIA TO THE EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES THROUGH UKRAINE IN JANUARY 2009
Authors: Debarberis L. , Zastera P. , Faas H.
Published: March 2015

As the January 2009 Ukraine-Russia gas dispute showed, gas disruption is not always accompanied by an increase in gas prices. In this case equilibrium models based on changes in prices do not offer a basis for the assessment of costs related to disruption. The main objective of this article is to estimate and compare macroeconomic costs of gas disruption as approximation of GDP not generated due to disruption in a transparent and consistent way. The estimation of the cost of past or potential future disruptions could be used as benchmark for necessary new infrastructure investments.
ECONOMIC ISSUES OF HUI REFORMING: AN AUDITOR VIEW
Authors: Haritonova N. A.
Published: March 2015

The article offers a view of an auditor in practice on the now-existing problems of housing and utility infrastructure (HUI) reforming. It is needed to create conditions for attracting private capital into HUI field, to improve system of forming economically rational HUI service rates, to implement modern management mechanisms in the managing practice of HUI organizations and enterprises, as well as to worked out and take measures aimed at financial rehabilitation of HUI organizations and enterprises.
INNOVATIVE DEPLOYMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY TO ENHANCE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY
Authors: Debarberis L.
Published: March 2015

Further development of nuclear energy demands an innovative approach. Today electric energy is a main product of most nuclear power plants. However more than 60% of energy produced by NPP is dissipated as heat thrown together with water out into rivers or atmosphere. Production of heat energy on the basis of the nuclear one may become an alternative to the existing methods of atomic power use. Nuclear power plants will work as macro heat power plants thus globally positioning nuclear energy in capacity of the foundational source of clean energy, expanding fields of its use and giving it a higher social priority.
THE MODERN MANAGEMENT THEORY OF BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Kuznetsov S. Y.
Published: March 2015

Business sustainability is a concept of resource-based theory of the firm. This theory explores the structure of its assets, its key capabilities, sustainable competitive advantage, differentiation and profitability. Due to differentiation there exists value-based management as an integrated accrued consumer solution, as an effective proposition of post-industrial value by a sustainable firm. The new pull-economy of a sustainable business gradually supplements and displaces push- microeconomy. Consumer is in the center of sustainable business organization, and customer relationship management is an important part of effective anti-crisis business strategy.
METHODOLOGY OF AN ESTIMATION OF RELIABILITY OF THE INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Kabanov V. N.
Published: March 2015

The process methodology of an estimation of level of reliability of the industrial organization in modern market conditions of managing is considered. The theory of formation of level of reliability and competitive advantages of modern business structures on the basis of fundamental scientifically-practical aspects of system of market relations is stated. The economic-mathematical model of an estimation of level of reliability of production of the industrial organization as fundamental basis of construction of cybernetic models of diagnostics of economic system in the mathematician is presented.
THE ROLE OF EXCHANGE PROPORTIONS IN THE INFLATION AND ECONOMIC CRISES
Authors: Ushanov P. V.
Published: March 2015

The article terminates the author's series of publications on the impact of system of stereotypes of behaviour – "success formula" - on the development of phases of the life cycle of the socio-economic systems [7-11]. The author argues in favor of the view that lifecycle of any object of management is a complex spiral consisting of 10 phases, each of which, in turn, can be regarded as a separate life cycle. Because of the stereotypes of behaviour, prevailing during previous lifecycle phases, a change of lifecycle phases often leads to a crisis and is accompanied by painful correction of exchange proportions. The author motivates his conclusion that the modern economic crisis is caused by the distortion of exchange proportions. The indexes of changes in exchange proportions are proposed to use as an indicator of stability of the world market. Proposals on overcoming the crisis are made.
Shifts in dynamic regime of an invasive lady beetle are linked to the invasion and insecticidal management of its prey
Authors: Bahlai Christine A. , vander Werf Wopke , O'Neal Matthew , Hemerik Lia , Landis Douglas A.
Published: March 2015

The spread and impact of invasive species may vary over time in relation to changes in the species itself, the biological community of which it is part, or external controls on the system. We investigate whether there have been changes in dynamic regimes over the last 20 years of two invasive species in the midwestern United States, the multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis and the soybean aphid Aphis glycines. We show by model selection that after its 1993 invasion into the American Midwest, the year‐to‐year population dynamics of H. axyridis were initially governed by a logistic rule supporting gradual rise to a stable carrying capacity. After invasion of the soybean aphid in 2000, food resources at the landscape level became abundant, supporting a higher year‐to‐year growth rate and a higher but unstable carrying capacity, with two‐year cycles in both aphid and lady beetle abundance as a consequence. During 2005–2007, farmers in the Midwest progressively increased their use of insecticides for managing A. glycines, combining prophylactic seed treatment with curative spraying based on thresholds. This human intervention dramatically reduced the soybean aphid as a major food resource for H. axyridis at landscape level and corresponded to a reverse shift towards the original logistic rule for year‐to‐year dynamics. Thus, we document a short episode of major predator–prey fluctuations in an important agricultural system resulting from two biological invasions that were apparently damped by widespread insecticide use. Recent advances in development of plant resistance to A. glycines in soybeans may mitigate the need for pesticidal control and achieve the same stabilization of pest and predator populations at lower cost and environmental burden.
Foams Stabilized by In-Situ Surface-Activated Nanoparticles in Bulk and Porous Media
Authors: Singh Robin , Mohanty Kishore K.
Published: March 2015

Foams for subsurface applications are traditionally stabilized by surfactants. The goal of this work is to study foam stabilization by nanoparticles—in particular, by in-situ surface-hydrophobization of hydrophilic nanoparticles. The interfacial properties of the nanoparticles were modulated by the attachment of short-chain surface modifiers (alkyl gallates) that render them partially hydrophobic, but still fully dispersible in water. First, static foams were generated with nanoparticles with varying concentrations of surface modifiers. The decay of foam height with time was measured, and half-lives were determined. Optical micrographs of foam stabilized by surface-modified nanoparticles (SMNPs) and surfactant were recorded. Second, aqueous foams were created in-situ by coinjecting the SMNP solutions with nitrogen gas through a Berea sandstone core at a fixed quality. Pressure drop across the core was measured to estimate the achieved resistance factor. These pressure-drop results were then compared with those of a typical surfactant (alpha olefin sulfonate, alkyl polyglucoside) under similar conditions. Finally, oil-displacement experiments were conducted in Berea cores with surfactant and SMNP solutions as foaming agents (coinjection with nitrogen gas). A Bartsch shake test revealed the strong foaming tendency of SMNPs even with a very low initial surface-modifier concentration (0.05 wt%), whereas hydrophilic nanoparticles alone could not stabilize foam. The bubble texture of foam stabilized by SMNPs was finer than that with surfactants, indicating a stronger foam. As the degree of surface coating increased, the resistance factor of SMNP foam in a Berea core increased significantly. The corefloods in the sandstone cores with a reservoir crude oil showed that immiscible foams with SMNP solution can recover a significant amount of oil (20.6% of original oil in place) over waterfloods.
Systematic Study of Bakken Well Performance Over Three Well-Completion-Design Eras
Authors: Yan Changhui , Luo Guofan , Ehlig-Economides C. A.
Published: March 2015

Oil production from the Bakken formation has been active for 60 years and has applied three well-completion-design strategies in three different eras: hydraulically fractured vertical wells before 1987; horizontal wells before 1991; and multiple-transverse-fracture horizontal wells since 2006. Reported production data enable comparisons of well performance during these eras. This study employs the log-log graph of rate (q) vs. material balance time (MBT) (Q/q) to diagnose transient (Slope 2;1=4 or 2;1=2) and boundary-dominated flow (BDF) (Slope 2;1) behaviour. Wells from the three eras show mainly three types of flow-regime sequences observed as straight trends on the log-log graph of rate vs. MBT: 2;1=4 to 2;1, 2;1=2 to 2;1, and 2;1=4 to 2;1=2 to 2;1. Flow geometries corresponding to various flow-regime sequences are related to specific well and formation characteristics. Then, we extrapolate the BDF behaviour to estimate the expected ultimate recovery (EUR) for each well when possible. We observed that both the average well EUR and the average well rate at start of BDF behaviour are highest for the multiple transverse- fracture-horizontal-well completion design. This project also investigates the behaviour of the gas/oil ratio (GOR) vs. MBT. Three types of GOR behaviour were observed: constant; constant followed by sharp increase; or scattered. In all three eras, the EUR was highest in wells with constant-GOR behaviour followed by a sharp increase. The sharp increase likely signals flow below the bubblepoint pressure. The lower EUR in wells that did not produce below the bubblepoint pressure shows that solutiongas drive behaviour enhances the EUR. Lower EUR in wells with scattered GOR behaviour may be attributed to unstable well production. This study shows how to use long-term production behaviour to gain important insights describing well designs and why some wells have higher EUR and rate behaviour.
Effect of Temperature on the Gas/Oil Relative Permeability of Orinoco Belt Foamy Oil
Authors: Li Songyan , Li Zhaomin
Published: March 2015

Foamy-oil flow has been successfully demonstrated in laboratory experiments and site applications. On the basis of solution-gas-drive experiments with Orinoco belt heavy oil, the effects of temperature on foamy-oil recovery and gas/oil relative permeability were investigated. Oil-recovery efficiency increases and then decreases with temperature and attains a maximum value of 20.23% at 100°C. The Johnson-Bossler-Naumann (JBN) method has been proposed to interpret relative permeability characteristics from solution-gas-drive experiments with Orinoco belt heavy oil, neglecting the effect of capillary pressure. The gas relative permeability is lower than the oil relative permeability by two to four orders of magnitude. No intersection was identified on the oil and gas relative permeability curves. Because of an increase in temperature, the oil relative permeability changes slightly, and the gas relative permeability increases. Thermal recovery at an intermediate temperature is suitable for foamy oil, whereas a significantly higher temperature can reduce foamy behavior, which appears to counteract the positive effect of viscosity reduction. The main reason for the flow characteristics of foamy oil in porous media is the low gas mobility caused by the oil components and the high viscosity. High resin and asphaltene concentrations and the high viscosity of Orinoco belt heavy oil increase the stability of bubble films and prevent gas breakthrough in the oil phase, which forms a continuous gas, compared with the solution-gas drive of light oil. The increase in the gas relative permeability with temperature is caused by higher interfacial tensions and the bubble-coalescence rate at high temperatures. The experimental results can provide theoretical support for foamy-oil production.
An Ensemble-Based Method for Constrained Reservoir Life-Cycle Optimization
Authors: Leeuwenburgh Olwijn , Egberts Paul J. , Chitu Alin G. , Alim Marcel
Published: March 2015

We consider the problem of finding optimal long-term (life-cycle) recovery strategies for hydrocarbon reservoirs by use of simulation models. In such problems the presence of operating constraints, such as for example a maximum rate limit for a group of wells, may strongly influence the range of possible solutions. Commercial simulators often offer the possibility to use heuristic rules to deal with constraints during simulation. It is first shown that such an approach imposes serious limitations for important cases of interest, such as finding optimal operating strategies for smart wells. We subsequently consider the use of gradient-based numerical optimization approaches, which are considered the most efficient for realistically complex reservoir cases. Formal treatment of especially output constraints in such approaches is challenging and is usually associated with high computational costs or strong simplifications. We propose and demonstrate a method that addresses these challenges by efficient use of an ensemble to approximate constraint gradients with respect to the well controls. The gradients are then used by an optimization algorithm to maximize an objective function, typically net present value, while avoiding violation of the constraints. The method was implemented in an in-house optimization framework and tested on two example cases. The first example case is a relatively simple homogeneous 2D reservoir with four injection wells and one producing well, all equipped with adjustable valves and operating at fixed pressures. We consider the presence of a maximum field water injection rate constraint, as well as individual well rate constraints. The method is also applied to a realistically complex 3D case with 30 smart wells equipped with ICVs, modified from the original Brugge benchmark model. The results show that in both example cases the method is able to find improved recovery strategies that do not violate the constraints. It is also shown that proper choices for constraint grouping, balancing of objective function and constraints, and of the initial control strategy may positively impact the efficiency and effectiveness of the optimization process. The proposed method is an improvement to constraint handling by simulators for smart well optimization and enables application of optimization workflows to field cases with realistic operating constraints.
Lead sorption performance on active silica derived from fly ash
Authors: Zhang Xizhu , Zhu Zhibao
Published: March 2015

The object of this study was to estimate the sorption property of active silica derived from fly ash after separation of silica and aluminum. The specific surface area of active silica enlarged to 115 m2/g was compared with the original fly ash (4 m2/g). Field emission scanning electron microscopy displayed the active silica, which looked like a honeycomb or curly layer with many lamellae that formed many mesopores. The uptake kinetics indicated that the residual concentration of Pb2+ in the aqueous solution decreased rapidly from the initial 1.25 mg/L to less than 10 μg/L within 45 min. The removal efficiency of Pb2+ on active silica was pH dependent. The increase in pH value promoted Pb2+ removal because the negative surface provided more electrostatic attraction sites. A stepwise non-linear isotherm was obtained because the lamellae of active silica provided a heterogeneous surface with various kinds of active sites. The maximum sorption amount of Pb on active silica was more than 90 mg/g, which was better than some pristine-activated carbon.
Trace organics removal using three membrane bioreactor configurations: MBR, IFAS-MBR and MBMBR
Authors: de la Torre T. , Alonso E. , Santos J. L. , Rodríguez C. , Gómez M. A. , Malfeito J. J.
Published: March 2015

Seventeen pharmaceutically active compounds and 22 other trace organic pollutants were analysed regularly in the influent and permeate from a semi-real plant treating municipal wastewater. The plant was operated during 29 months with different configurations which basically differed in the type of biomass present in the system. These processes were the integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor (IFAS-MBR), which combined suspended and attached biomass, the moving bed membrane bioreactor (MBMBR) (only attached biomass) and the MBR (only suspended biomass). Moreover, removal rates were compared to those of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operating nearby with conventional activated sludge treatment. Reverse osmosis (RO) was used after the pilot plant to improve removal rates. The highest elimination was found for the IFAS-MBR, especially for hormones (100% removal); this was attributed to the presence of biofilm, which may lead to different conditions (aerobic–anoxic–anaerobic) along its profile, which increases the degradation possibilities, and also to a higher sludge age of the biofilm, which allows complete acclimation to the contaminants. Operating conditions played an important role, high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and sludge retention time (SRT) being necessary to achieve these high removal rates. Although pharmaceuticals and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates showed high removal rates (65–100%), nonylphenols and phthalate could only be removed to 10–30%. RO significantly increased removal rates to 88% mean removal rate.
Thermodynamic Modeling of High-pressure Equilibrium Data for the Systems L-lactic Acid + (Propane + Ethanol) and L-lactic Acid + (Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol)
Authors: Debien Isabel C. N. , Rigo Aline A. , Corazza Marcos L. , Mazutti Marcio A. , Oliveira J. Vladimir
Published: March 2015

This short communication reports the thermodynamic modeling of high-pressure equilibrium data (cloud points) for the systems L-lactic acid + (propane + ethanol) and L-lactic acid + (carbon dioxide + ethanol) from 323.15 K to 353.15 K and at pressures up to 25 MPa.The experimental data were modeled using the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the classical van der Waals quadratic mixing rule (PR-vdW2) and with the Wong-Sandler mixing rule (PR-WS). It is shown that the PR-vdW2 and PR-WS models were both able to satisfactorily represent the phase behavior of the system L-lactic acid + (carbon dioxide + ethanol). However, for the system L-lactic acid + (propane + ethanol), the PR-vdW2 model was not able to appropriately describe its phase behavior.
New AMS 14C Dates for Human Remains from Stone Age Sites in the Iron Gates Reach of the Danube, Southeast Europe
Authors: Bonsall Clive , Vasić Rastko , Boroneanţ Adina , Roksandic Mirjana , Soficaru Andrei , McSweeney Kathleen , Evatt Anna , Aguraiuja Ülle , Pickard Catriona , Dimitrijević Vesna , Higham Thomas , Hamilton Derek , Cook Gordon
Published: March 2015

Archaeological investigations in the Iron Gates reach of the Lower Danube Valley between 1964 and 1984 revealed an important concentration of Stone Age sites, which together provide the most detailed record of Mesolithic and Early Neolithic settlement from any area of southeastern Europe. Over 425 human burials were excavated from 15 sites. Of these, less than one-fifth have been directly dated. This article presents 37 new AMS dates on human bone from five sites in the Iron Gates, together with the corresponding δ13C and δ15N values. They include the first dates on human bone from two sites, Icoana and Velesnica. The results are important for the chronology of Stone Age mortuary practices in the Iron Gates and the timing of the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in the region.
Teachers’ Facility with Evidence-Based Classroom Management Practices: An Investigation of Teachers’ Preparation Programmes and In-service Conditions
Authors: Ficarra Laura , Quinn Kevin
Published: March 2015

In the present investigation, teachers’ self-reported knowledge and competency ratings for the evidence-based classroom management practices were analysed. Teachers also reflected on how they learned evidence-based classroom management practices. Results suggest that teachers working in schools that implement Positive Behavioural Interventions and Supports (PBIS) had significantly higher mean knowledge ratings in the area of posting, teaching, reviewing, monitoring and reinforcing expectations than those who do not teach in a PBIS school. Teachers certified in special education had significantly higher knowledge and competency ratings in relation to maximising structure, using a continuum of strategies to acknowledge appropriate behaviour and employing a variety of techniques to respond to inappropriate behaviour than those not certified in special education. Teachers’ knowledge of each of these practices came mostly from in-service sources. Implications of these findings for teachers’ preparation in classroom management are discussed.
The Journey towards a Teacher’s Ecological Self: A Case Study of a Student Teacher
Authors: Raus Rea , Falkenberg Thomas
Published: March 2015

Transforming our educational systems to support sustainable development is a challenge that involves all levels of education – policy, curriculum and pedagogical practice. One critical dimension to look at is a teacher’s identity as it influences a teacher’s decision-making, behaviour and action. The ecological self is the concept that is used in the context of sustainability. This paper discusses the emerging ecological self of one student teacher during her initial teacher education programme. The concepts of the teacher’s self and the ecological self form a lens through which the story of this student teacher is examined. The paper focuses on one part of a broader, longitudinal study of student teachers and their understanding of pedagogy and connectedness with nature in the context of the need for reorienting teacher education towards sustainability. Sterling’s (2001) conceptual framework of ecological view on education is taken as a tool to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that deep connectedness to nature and empathy are framing the holistic view on learning, teaching and a teacher’s self.
Advanced Glycation End Products and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nowotny Kerstin , Jung Tobias , Höhn Annika , Weber Daniela , Grune Tilman
Published: March 2015

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a very complex and multifactorial metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and β cell failure leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is suggested to be the main cause of diabetic complications, which not only decrease life quality and expectancy, but are also becoming a problem regarding the financial burden for health care systems. Therefore, and to counteract the continually increasing prevalence of diabetes, understanding the pathogenesis, the main risk factors, and the underlying molecular mechanisms may establish a basis for prevention and therapy. In this regard, research was performed revealing further evidence that oxidative stress has an important role in hyperglycemia-induced tissue injury as well as in early events relevant for the development of T2DM. The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a group of modified proteins and/or lipids with damaging potential, is one contributing factor. On the one hand it has been reported that AGEs increase reactive oxygen species formation and impair antioxidant systems, on the other hand the formation of some AGEs is induced per se under oxidative conditions. Thus, AGEs contribute at least partly to chronic stress conditions in diabetes. As AGEs are not only formed endogenously, but also derive from exogenous sources, i.e., food, they have been assumed as risk factors for T2DM. However, the role of AGEs in the pathogenesis of T2DM and diabetic complications—if they are causal or simply an effect—is only partly understood. This review will highlight the involvement of AGEs in the development and progression of T2DM and their role in diabetic complications.
Activated Carbon, Carbon Nanofiber and Carbon Nanotube Supported Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol
Authors: Santillan-Jimenez Eduardo , Perdu Maxime , Pace Robert , Morgan Tonya , Crocker Mark
Published: March 2015

Molybdenum carbide was supported on three types of carbon support—activated carbon; multi-walled carbon nanotubes; and carbon nanofibers—using ammonium molybdate and molybdic acid as Mo precursors. The use of activated carbon as support afforded an X-ray amorphous Mo phase, whereas crystalline molybdenum carbide phases were obtained on carbon nanofibers and, in some cases, on carbon nanotubes. When the resulting catalysts were tested in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol in dodecane, catechol and phenol were obtained as the main products, although in some instances significant amounts of cyclohexane were produced. The observation of catechol in all reaction mixtures suggests that guaiacol was converted into phenol via sequential demethylation and HDO, although the simultaneous occurrence of a direct demethoxylation pathway cannot be discounted. Catalysts based on carbon nanofibers generally afforded the highest yields of phenol; notably, the only crystalline phase detected in these samples was Mo2C or Mo2C-ζ, suggesting that crystalline Mo2C is particularly selective to phenol. At 350 °C, carbon nanofiber supported Mo2C afforded near quantitative guaiacol conversion, the selectivity to phenol approaching 50%. When guaiacol HDO was performed in the presence of acetic acid and furfural, guaiacol conversion decreased, although the selectivity to both catechol and phenol was increased.
Positron Emission Tomography in Breast Cancer
Authors: Vercher-Conejero Jose , Pelegrí-Martinez Laura , Lopez-Aznar Diego , Cózar-Santiago María
Published: March 2015

Gradually, FDG-PET/CT has been strengthening within the diagnostic algorithms of oncological diseases. In many of these, PET/CT has shown to be useful at different stages of the disease: diagnosis, staging or re-staging, treatment response assessment, and recurrence. Some of the advantages of this imaging modality versus CT, MRI, bone scan, mammography, or ultrasound, are based on its great diagnostic capacity since, according to the radiopharmaceutical used, it reflects metabolic changes that often occur before morphological changes and therefore allows us to stage at diagnosis. Moreover, another advantage of this technique is that it allows us to evaluate the whole body so it can be very useful for the detection of distant disease. With regard to breast cancer, FDG-PET/CT has proven to be important when recurrence is suspected or in the evaluation of treatment response. The technological advancement of PET equipment through the development of new detectors and equipment designed specifically for breast imaging, and the development of more specific radiopharmaceuticals for the study of the different biological processes of breast cancer, will allow progress not only in making the diagnosis of the disease at an early stage but also in enabling personalized therapy for patients with breast cancer.
Colonization with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Promotes the Growth of Morus alba L. Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Lu Nan , Zhou Xia , Cui Ming , Yu Meng , Zhou Jinxing , Qin Yongsheng , Li Yun
Published: March 2015

Morus alba L. is an important tree species planted widely in China because of its economic value. In this report, we investigated the influence of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices, alone and together, on the growth of M. alba L. seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The growth parameters and physiological performance of M. alba L. seedlings were evaluated 90 days after colonization with the fungi. The growth and physiological performance of M. alba L. seedlings were significantly affected by the AMF species. The mycorrhizal seedlings were taller, had longer roots, more leaves and a greater biomass than the non-mycorrhizae-treated seedlings. In addition, the AMF species-inoculated seedlings had increased root activity and a higher chlorophyll content compared to non-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, AMF species colonization increased the phosphorus and nitrogen contents of the seedlings. In addition, simultaneous root colonization by the two AMF species did not improve the growth of M. alba L. seedlings compared with inoculation with either species alone. Based on these results, these AMF species may be applicable to mulberry seedling cultivation.
Feasibility of Delivering a Dance Intervention for SubAcute Stroke in a Rehabilitation Hospital Setting
Authors: Demers Marika , McKinley Patricia
Published: March 2015

Dance can be a promising treatment intervention used in rehabilitation for individuals with disabilities to address physical, cognitive and psychological impairments. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of a modified dance intervention as an adjunct therapy designed for people with subacute stroke, in a rehabilitation setting. Using a descriptive qualitative study design, a biweekly 45-min dance intervention was offered to individuals with a subacute stroke followed in a rehabilitation hospital, over 4 weeks. The dance intervention followed the structure of an usual dance class, but the exercises were modified and progressed to meet each individual’s needs. The dance intervention, delivered in a group format, was feasible in a rehabilitation setting. A 45-min dance class of moderate intensity was of appropriate duration and intensity for individuals with subacute stroke to avoid excessive fatigue and to deliver the appropriate level of challenge. The overall satisfaction of the participants towards the dance class, the availability of space and equipment, and the low level of risks contributed to the feasibility of a dance intervention designed for individuals in the subacute stage of post-stroke recovery.
Breastfeeding, Bottle Feeding Practices and Malocclusion in the Primary Dentition: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies
Authors: Hermont Ana , Martins Carolina , Zina Lívia , Auad Sheyla , Paiva Saul , Pordeus Isabela
Published: March 2015

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast feeding for at least six months. However, there is no scientific evidence of the benefits of breast feeding for oral health in children under primary dentition. This study aimed to search for scientific evidence regarding the following question: is bottle feeding associated with malocclusion in the primary dentition compared to children that are breastfed? An electronic search was performed in seven databases. The systematic review included 10 cohort studies. It was not possible to conduct meta-analysis; therefore a qualitative analysis was assessed. The majority of studies evaluated feeding habits by means of questionnaires and conducted a single examination. Three studies observed that bottle feeding was significantly associated with overjet and posterior crossbite. Studies reported several cut-off times for breastfeeding (varying from 1 month up to 3 years of age) and several types of malocclusion. Controlling for non-nutritive sucking habits was reported for only half of the studies and this may have led to biased results. The scientific evidence could not confirm a specific type of malocclusion associated with the feeding habits or an adequate time of breastfeeding to benefit the children against malocclusion. Further cohort studies are needed to confirm this evidence.
Combined Effect of a Microporous Layer and Type I Collagen Coating on a Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Lee Mun-Hwan , You Changkook , Kim Kyo-Han
Published: March 2015

In this study, type I collagen was coated onto unmodified and modified microporous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds. Surface characterization using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a surface goniometer confirmed the modification of the BCP coating. The quantity of the collagen coating was investigated using Sirius Red staining, and quantitative assessment of the collagen coating showed no significant differences between the two groups. MG63 cells were used to evaluate cell proliferation and ALP activity on the modified BCP scaffolds. The modified microporous surfaces showed low contact angles and large surface areas, which enhanced cell spreading and proliferation. Coating of the BCP scaffolds with type I collagen led to enhanced cell-material interactions and improved MG63 functions, such as spreading, proliferation, and differentiation. The micropore/collagen-coated scaffold showed the highest rate of cell response. These results indicate that a combination of micropores and collagen enhances cellular function on bioengineered bone allograft tissue.
Astaxanthin Protects Steroidogenesis from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mouse Leydig Cells
Authors: Wang Jyun-Yuan , Lee Yue-Jia , Chou Mei-Chia , Chang Renin , Chiu Chih-Hsien , Liang Yao-Jen , Wu Leang-Shin
Published: March 2015

Androgens, especially testosterone produced in Leydig cells, play an essential role in development of the male reproductive phenotype and fertility. However, testicular oxidative stress may cause a decline in testosterone production. Many antioxidants have been used as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers to eliminate oxidative stress to protect steroidogenesis. Astaxanthin (AST), a natural extract from algae and plants ubiquitous in the marine environment, has been shown to have antioxidant activity in many previous studies. In this study, we treated primary mouse Leydig cells or MA-10 cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to cause oxidative stress. Testosterone and progesterone production was suppressed and the expression of the mature (30 kDa) form of StAR protein was down-regulated in MA-10 cells by H2O2 and cAMP co-treatment. However, progesterone production and expression of mature StAR protein were restored in MA-10 cells by a one-hour pretreatment with AST. AST also reduced ROS levels in cells so that they were lower than the levels in untreated controls. These results provide additional evidence of the potential health benefits of AST as a potential food additive to ease oxidative stress.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Profile of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Corymbia ficifolia (F. Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson Leaves
Authors: Dezsi Ștefan , Bădărău Alexandru , Bischin Cristina , Vodnar Dan , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Radu , Gheldiu Ana-Maria , Mocan Andrei , Vlase Laurian
Published: March 2015

This study was performed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and the phenolic profile of Eucalytus globulus Labill. and Corymbia ficifolia (F. Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson leaves. Both leave extracts contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the phenolic compounds were performed using a HPLC/MS method. The main flavonoid was hyperoside and its highest amount was found in E. globulus (666.42 ± 5.02 μg/g dw plant material). Regarding the flavonol profile, myricetin was the dominant compound and its highest amount was found in C. ficifolia leaves (124.46 ± 0.24 μg/g dw plant material). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, TEAC, hemoglobin ascorbate peroxidase activity inhibition (HAPX) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c assays, revealing an important antioxidant potential for both species. In the antimicrobial assays, C. ficifolia extract was found to be more active than E. globulus against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains with the exception of Bacillus subtilis. The results of the present study provide new valuable data regarding the bioactivities of these medicinal species.
Identification of the Valid Reference Genes for Quantitative RT-PCR in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) under Salt Stress
Authors: Wang Xia , Ma Xiao , Huang Linkai , Zhang Xinquan
Published: March 2015

Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is a cool-season annual grass cultivated worldwide for its high yield and quality. With the areas of saline soil increasing, investigation of the molecular mechanisms of annual ryegrass tolerance under salt stress has become a significant topic. qRT-PCR has been a predominant assay for determination of the gene expression, in which selecting a valid internal reference gene is a crucial step. The objective of present study was to evaluate and identify suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR in annual ryegrass under salt stress. The results calculated by RefFinder indicated that eEF1A(s) was the most stable reference gene in leaves, whereas EF1-a was the least stable; meanwhile, TBP-1 was the most optimal in roots and in all samples, and the eIF-5A shouldn’t be utilized for normalization of the gene expression. eEF1A(s) is more suitable than TBP-1 as reference gene in leaves when verified with P5CS1 and Cyt-Cu/Zn SOD genes. We should choose optimal reference genes in specific tissues instead of the most stable one selected from different conditions and tissues.
Terrestrial Laser Scanning Reveals Seagrass Microhabitat Structure on a Tideflat
Authors: Hannam Michael , Moskal L.
Published: March 2015

Local-scale environmental heterogeneity can provide microhabitats that influence the spatial distribution of competing species. Microhabitats may influence the distribution of seagrasses along elevation gradients, but difficulty measuring intertidal microtopography has hindered quantification. Using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), we mapped and monitored a 1.84 ha study site for three years to understand spatial and temporal patterns of sediment microtopography. We performed high-accuracy GPS surveys and vegetation surveys of a native and an invasive seagrass. TLS provided sub-decimeter scale precision in digital elevation models (DEMs) of the tideflat. The location and shape of microtopographic features were stable from year to year, but the magnitude of local relief varied. A simple index of topographic context predicted the shoot density of the native seagrass, Zostera marina and the invasive seagrass, Zostera japonica, but the shoot density of the invasive seagrass was better predicted by the shoot density of Z. marina than by topographic context. Microtopographic relief at this site appears to exert a strong influence on the meter-scale distribution of seagrass. We demonstrate the potential for TLS mapping of habitat-relevant microtopography in a soft sediment intertidal environment where TLS faces substantial challenges but promises unique insights.
Robust Optimization of a MEMS Accelerometer Considering Temperature Variations
Authors: Liu Guangjun , Yang Feng , Bao Xiaofan , Jiang Tao
Published: March 2015

A robust optimization approach for a MEMS accelerometer to minimize the effects of temperature variations is presented. The mathematical model of the accelerometer is built. The effects of temperature variations on the output performance of the accelerometer are determined, and thermal deformation of the accelerometer is analyzed. The deviations of the output capacitance and resonance frequency due to temperature fluctuations are calculated and discussed. The sensitivity analysis method is employed to determine the design variables for robust optimization and find out the key structural parameters that have most significant influence on the output capacitance and resonance frequency of the accelerometer. The mathematical model and procedure for the robust optimization of the accelerometer are proposed. The robust optimization problem is solved and discussed. The robust optimization results show that an optimized accelerometer with high sensitivity, high temperature robustness and decoupling structure is finally obtained.
From Lesions to Viral Clones: Biological and Molecular Diversity amongst Autochthonous Brazilian Vaccinia Virus
Authors: Oliveira Graziele , Assis Felipe , Almeida Gabriel , Albarnaz Jonas , Lima Maurício , Andrade Ana , Calixto Rafael , Oliveira Cairo , Diomedes Neto José , Trindade Giliane , Ferreira Paulo , Kroon Erna , Abrahão Jônatas
Published: March 2015

Vaccinia virus (VACV) has had an important role for humanity because of its use during the smallpox eradication campaign. VACV is the etiologic agent of the bovine vaccinia (BV), an emerging zoonosis that has been associated with economic, social, veterinary and public health problems, mainly in Brazil and India. Despite the current and historical VACV importance, there is little information about its circulation, prevalence, origins and maintenance in the environment, natural reservoirs and diversity. Brazilian VACV (VACV-BR) are grouped into at least two groups based on genetic and biological diversity: group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2). In this study, we went to the field and investigated VACV clonal diversity directly from exanthemous lesions, during BV outbreaks. Our results demonstrate that the G1 VACV-BR were more frequently isolated. Furthermore, we were able to co-detect the two variants (G1 and G2) in the same sample. Molecular and biological analysis corroborated previous reports and confirmed the co-circulation of two VACV-BR lineages. The detected G2 clones presented exclusive genetic and biological markers, distinct to reference isolates, including VACV-Western Reserve. Two clones presented a mosaic profile, with both G1 and G2 features based on the molecular analysis of A56R, A26L and C23L genes. Indeed, some SNPs and INDELs in A56R nucleotide sequences were observed among clones of the same virus population, maybe as a result of an increased mutation rate in a mixed population. These results provide information about the diversity profile in VACV populations, highlighting its importance to VACV evolution and maintenance in the environment.
Low-cost formation of bulk and localized polymer-derived carbon nanodomains from polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Alcántara Juan Carlos Castro , Cerda Zorrilla Mariana , Cabriales Lucia , Rossano Luis Manuel León , Hautefeuille Mathieu
Published: March 2015

We present two simple alternative methods to form polymer-derived carbon nanodomains in a controlled fashion and at low cost, using custom-made chemical vapour deposition and selective laser ablation with a commercial CD-DVD platform. Both processes presented shiny and dark residual materials after the polymer combustion and according to micro-Raman spectroscopy of the domains, graphitic nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes have successfully been produced by the combustion of polydimethylsiloxane layers. The fabrication processes and characterization of the byproduct materials are reported. We demonstrate that CVD led to bulk production of graphitic nanocrystals and single-walled carbon nanotubes while direct laser ablation may be employed for the formation of localized fluorescent nanodots. In the latter case, graphitic nanodomains and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are left inside microchannels and preliminary results seem to indicate that laser ablation could offer a tuning control of the nature and optical properties of the nanodomains that are left inside micropatterns with on-demand geometries. These low-cost methods look particularly promising for the formation of carbon nanoresidues with controlled properties and in applications where high integration is desired.
ANALYSIS OF A MECHANICAL STRUCTURE OF A MICROSCOPE SENSOR OF ATOMIC FORCE / ATOMINIŲ JĖGŲ MIKROSKOPO JUTIKLIO MECHANINĖS STRUKTŪROS ANALIZĖ
Authors: Dzedzickis Andrius , Bučinskas Vytautas
Published: March 2015

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a method that allows obtaining an image of the surface of the sample in high resolution. This article investigates the problems associated with modeling a mechanical structure of a microscope sensor of atomic force.The paper refers to the previous scientists’ works and describes most frequently used methods of modeling, basic equations and a variety of factors that have an influence on the dynamics of the system. Also, the obtained results of earlier works are discussed.
Atominės jėgos mikroskopija (AJM) – metodas, leidžiantis gauti ypač didelės skiriamosios gebos tiriamojo bandinio paviršiaus vaizdą. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos problemos, susijusios su atominių jėgų mikroskopo jutiklio mechaninės struktūros modeliavimu. Remiantis mokslininkų atliktais darbais aprašomi dažniausiai taikomi modeliavimo metodai, pateikiamos pagrindinės lygtys, nagrinėjama įvairių veiksnių įtaka sistemos dinaminėms charakteristikoms, aptariami atliktų tyrimų rezultatai.
RESEARCH ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE PRECISION ANGLE CALIBRATION SYSTEM / PRECIZINĖS KAMPO KALIBRAVIMO SISTEMOS DINAMIKOS TYRIMAI
Authors: Kilikevičius Artūras , Makarskas Vytautas , Prokopovič Valdemar
Published: March 2015

The aim of the conducted research was to determine the mechanical stability of angle measurement comparator system. Vibrations have been measured at the significant points of the system and dynamic characteristics of the system have been established.
Straipsnyje aprašyti precizinės kampo kalibravimo mechaninės sistemos dinamikos tyrimai. Tyrimo tikslas –nustatyti precizinės kampo kalibravimo mechaninės sistemos stabilumą. Atlikti precizinės kampo kalibravimo karietėlės teoriniai tyrimai SolidWorks aplinkoje, kurią pasitelkus atlikta tiriamos sistemos modalinė analizė.
PIEZOELECTRIC SYSTEMS AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE / PJEZOELEKTRINIŲ ENERGIJOS SURINKIMO SISTEMŲ APŽVALGA
Authors: Čeponis Andrius , Mažeika Dalius
Published: March 2015

The article gives an overview of the problems and solutions related to energy harvesting systems used for power supply of low power electronics systems. Power density is the main parameter describing the efficiency of energy harvesting systems. Piezoelectric energy harvesting systems demonstrate a high value of power density, and therefore the article presents an overview of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems and their components. Also, a summary of the terms that affect the efficiency of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems has been presented. Straipsnyje apžvelgiamos problemos ir sprendimai, susiję su elektrinės energijos tiekimu mažos galios elektronikos sistemoms, taikant energijos surinkimo iš aplinkos technologijas. Vienas iš pagrindinių energijos surinkimo sistemas apibūdinančių parametrų yra galios tankis. Pjezoelektrinė energijos surinkimo technologija pasižymi vienu iš didžiausių galios tankiu, todėl straipsnyje išsamiai nagrinėjami pjezoelektriniai kinetinės energijos keitikliai, apžvelgiamos keitiklių konstrukcijos, jų sudedamosios dalys, išskiriamos technologinės sąlygos, darančios įtaką keitiklių efektyvumui.