bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLISATION OF ENAMIDES PART 8, SYNTHESIS OF 13‐METHYL‐BERBINES, TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+‐)‐CAVIDINE
Authors: NINOMIYA ICHIYA , NAITO TAKEAKI , TAKASUGI HISASHI
Published: March 2016

Die Photocyclisierung von Aroyläthyliden‐tetrahydroisochinolinen wie (I) (Z‐Isomeres; die Existenz der entsprechenden, in diesem Fall labileren E‐Isomeren wird untersucht) führt zu 13‐Methyl‐berbinen wie (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME N(6)‐(NITRO‐ AND ‐AMINOBENZYL)ADENOSINES
Authors: DUTTA S. P. , TRITSCH G. L. , COX C. , CHHEDA G. B.
Published: March 2016

Die biologischen Wirkungen, z.B. die Wirkung gegen Leukämie, der N(6)‐(Nitro‐ und Amino‐benzyl)‐adenosine (I) werden diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: RISSBILDUNG VON KALIUMDIHYDROGENPHOSPHAT‐KRISTALLEN, DIE KOLOIDEINSCHLUESSE ENTHALTEN
Authors: STEPANOVA N. S. , BELYUSTIN A. V.
Published: March 2016

Erhöhte Spannungen und Rißbildung von K‐dihydrogenphosphat in der Anfangsperiode des Wachstums in frisch hergestellten Lösungen führen zu Einschlüssen kolloider Teilchen.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF COMPOSITION OF LEACHED GLASS SURFACES BY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: ESCARD JACQUELINE H. , BRION DOMINIQUE J.
Published: March 2016

Die Einflüsse von Wasser auf die Oberflächen kompakter Gläser mit nachfolgender Einwirkung von Luft von verschiedener zeitlicher Dauer wird mittels RÖntgen‐Photoelektronenspektroskopie untersucht".
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SURFACE FOR FEO‐FE2O3‐P2O5 GLASSES
Authors: VAUGHAN JAMES G. , KINSER DONALD L.
Published: March 2016

Die elektrischen Eigenschaften unter Gleichstrombedingungen und die Mikrostruktur der x (FeO‐Fe2O3)‐(lO0‐x) P2O5‐Gläser werden bis zu x=75Mol‐% untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: FURFURYL ALCOHOL PART 1, A NEAR‐INFRARED STUDY OF THE SELF‐ AND HETEROASSOCIATION OF FURFURYL ALCOHOL IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Authors: STRANDMAN LIISA
Published: March 2016

Es wird die Heteroassoziation z.B. mit THF, Aceton und Pyridin untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIVATOREN DER ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE 8. MITT. ABBAUREAKTIONEN AN CARBONSAEUREESTERN DER N‐METHOXY‐PYRIDINIUM‐CARBALDEHYDOXIME
Authors: SCHNEKENBURGER J. , HEBER D.
Published: March 2016

Die 2‐ bzw. 4‐substituierten N‐Methoxypyridiniumcarbaldehydoximderivate (I) werden in Gegenwart von NaOH zu den Nitrilen (II) oxidiert, die auch aus den Aldoximen (III) mit Acetanhydrid in alkalischer Lösung erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: EXIPLEX AND ELECTRON‐TRANSFER CHEMISTRY, REACTIONS OF NAPHTHONITRILE S1 STATES WITH TETRAMETHYLETHYLENE
Authors: MCCULLOUGH JOHN J. , MILLER RODERICK C. , FUNG DAVID , WU W.‐S.
Published: March 2016

Die Bestrahlung des Nitrils (I) und des Äthylens (II) in Benzol liefert das Benzobicyclooctadien (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THE BASIS FOR CHEMICAL ATTACK BY ACTIVE NITROGEN ON LIQUID METHANOL, INDUCTION OF MOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION BY RECOMBINATION EVENTS
Authors: FRANCHETTI VICTORIA , BROOKS JON M. , LICHTIN NORMAN N.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion des durch Mikrowellen‐Bestrahlung bei 2450‐MHz erzeugten N(4 S) mit reinem flüssigen Methanol bei ‐79°C wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINAZOLINES AND 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINES PART 71, REACTIONS OF 2‐(TRIAZOL‐4‐YL)‐BENZOPHENONES
Authors: WALSER A. , FLYNN T. , FRYER R. I.
Published: March 2016

Aus den N‐acylierten 2‐Amino‐benzophenonen (I) bzw. analogen Verbindungen erhält man mit Hydrazin die Chinazoline (II), die mit Ameisensäure zu Triazolylbenzophenonen (III) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF TRANS‐2‐DODECENEDIOIC ACID (TRAUMATIC ACID)
Authors: PRAKASA RAO A. S. C. , NAYAK U. R. , DEV S.
Published: March 2016

Die durch Dibenzoylperoxid katalysierte radikalische Addition von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff (I) an 10‐Undecensäure (II) führt zur 10,12,12,12‐Tetrachlordodecansäure (III), die durch rauchende Salpetersäure zur Dicarbonsäure (IV‐) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: UEBER DIE REAKTIONEN VON CITRONENSAEURE MIT ACETANHYDRID UND PYRIDIN
Authors: AUTERHOFF H. , SCHWINGEL I.
Published: March 2016

Unter Wasserausschluß entsteht aus Citronensäure (I) und Acetanhydrid (II) das AcetylcitronensäureJy‐anhydrid (III), während in Gegenwart von Wasser die Acetylcitronensäure (IV) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: (2+2)‐CYCLOADDITIONEN 1. MITT. (2+2)‐CYCLOADDITION VON ALLENEN AN ALKENE
Authors: LUKAS JOACHIM H. , KOUWENHOVEN ARJAN P. , BAARDMAN FRANK
Published: March 2016

Die Titelreaktion der Allene des Typs (II) mit den Alkenen des Typs (I) in Gegenwart von Lewis‐Säuren wie z.B. Äthylaluminiumdichlorid oder GaCl3 liefert die Methylencyclobutane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 3‐METHOXY‐CIS‐ AND ‐TRANS‐6A,9A‐DIMETHYLHEXAHYDROBENZ(E)INDEN‐8‐ONE
Authors: PACKER R. A. , WHITEHURST J. S.
Published: March 2016

Ausgehend vom Methoxy‐tetralon (Ia) erhält man durch Umsetzung mit MethylmF gnesiumjodid, anschließende Dehydratisierung des gebildeten Alkohols und Hydroborierung sowie Oxidation das Tetralon (IIa), das durch Alkylierung, Hydratisierung und Cyclisierung über (IIb) in das Keton (IIIa) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐CHLORO‐2,6‐DIPHENYL‐5,6‐DIHYDRO‐4H‐THIOPYRAN‐4‐ONE
Authors: REYNOLDS G. A.
Published: March 2016

2,6‐Diphenyl‐4H‐thiopyran‐4‐on (I) reagiert mit Sulfurylchlorid zu einer Dichlor‐ Verbindung (II), die mit Trimethylpyridin zum 3‐Chlor‐2,6‐diphenyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐ 4H‐thiopyran‐4‐on (III) dehydrochloriert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE KOBALT‐KATALYSIERTE EINSTUFEN‐SYNTHESE VON DIPYRIDINEN
Authors: BOENNEMANN H. , BRINKMANN R.
Published: March 2016

Cyanpyridine (I) bilden in Gegenwart von Kobaltkatalysatoren wie Cyclopentadienyl1,5‐cyclooctadien‐kobalt bei 120‐150°C mit Alkinen (II) Gemische aus Dipyridinen (III) und (VI) in Ausbeuten von ca. 90%.
ChemInform Abstract: STREPTONIGRIN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS PART 2, SYNTHESIS OF THE C‐RING PRECURSORS
Authors: RAO K. V. , VENKATESWARLU P.
Published: March 2016

Für biologische Untersuchungen wird das Streptonigrin‐Analoge (Ib) hergestellt, das mit dem antibiotisch und tumorhemmend wirksamen Streptonigrin (Ia) verglichen werden soll.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIHALOGENATED AMINOPYRIDINOLS
Authors: ALT K. O. , CHRISTEN E. , WEIS C. D.
Published: March 2016

2‐Amino‐3‐pyridinol (I) liefert die Halogenverbindungen (IIa), (IIb) bzw. (IIIa), (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE REACTIONS BETWEEN ETHYL BENZOYLACETATE AND ANISIDINES
Authors: VENTURELLA P. , BELLINO A.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Umsetzung von Benzoylessigsäureester (I) mit m‐Anisidin (II) in siedendem Benzol erhält man neben dem erwarteten Kondensat (III) ein Imin (IV), das reversibel zu (V) hydrolysiert bzw. erneut aus diesem gebildet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOLYTIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION BY HETEROCYCLIC FREE RADICALS, REACTION OF 3‐QUINOLYL AND 8‐QUINOLYL RADICALS WITH AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: HASSANALY P. , VERNIN G. , DOU H. J. M. , METZGER J.
Published: March 2016

Die aus 3‐ und 8‐Amino‐chinolinen (I) bzw. (II) erhaltenen Radikale werden zur aromatischen Substitution mit verschiedenen aromatischen Substraten (III) eingesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT OF AROMATIC FLUORINE PART 4, QUINOLINOQUINOLINES AND BENZOCHROMENOQUINOLINES
Authors: WALSER A. , FLYNN T. , FRYER R. I.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem 2‐Amino‐2′‐fluor‐benzophenon (I) und Acetessigester (II) erhält man in Gegenwart von Zinkchlorid das Kondensat (IIIa) bzw. die freie Säure (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOMORPHAN RELATED COMPOUNDS PART 2, NEW SYNTHESIS ROUTE TO THIENOMORPHANS
Authors: BOSCH J. , GRANADOS R. , LOPEZ F.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Li‐thiophen (I) erhält man mit den Cyanopyridinen (II) die Ketone (III), die nach Reduktion zu (IV) zu Pyridinium‐Salzen (V) quaterniert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF 2,3‐DIHYDRO‐1H‐1,5‐BENZODIAZEPINONES‐(2)
Authors: STOLYARCHUK A. A. , FURMAN YU. N. , PIKALOV V. L. , SOLOMKO Z. F. , TKACHENKO V. S.
Published: March 2016

Aus den β‐Ketoestern (I) und den aromatischen Diaminen (II) erhält man die VCF bindungen (III), die als Tranquilizer wirken.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PHOTOCHEMICAL RING EXPANSION OF CYCLIC KETONES TO CYCLIC ACETALS
Authors: YATES P. , TAM J. C. L.
Published: March 2016

Die Belichtung von endo‐Methoxycarbonyl‐campher (I) in Methanol in Gegenwart von Natriumbicarbonat ergibt ein 94:6‐Gemisch der Acetale (II) und des Diesters (IV), für deren Bildung Oxacarben‐ bzw. Keten‐Zwischenstufen angenommen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOSILICON CHEMISTRY PART 20, FURTHER REACTIONS OF 1,1,3,3‐TETRAMETHYL‐, 1,3‐DIMETHYL‐1,3‐DIPHENYL‐, AND 1,1,3,3‐TETRAPHENYL‐1,3‐DISILACYCLOBUTANE
Authors: DEVINE ANTHONY M. , HASZELDINE ROBERT N. , TIPPING ANTHONY E.
Published: March 2016

Das Disilacyclobutan (I) reagiert mit JCI, dem Bromamin (III) bzw. Na‐thiolat in Thiophenol unter Bildung der Additionsprodukte (II), (IV) [das nach Spaltung des Primärproduktes neben (V) entsteht] bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: THE HYDROLYSIS OF METHYL(PHOSPHINO)GERMANES, EVIDENCE FOR GE‐H BOND LABILITY IN METHYLGERMOXANES
Authors: DAHL ALAN R. , HEIL CHARLES A. , NORMAN ARLAN D.
Published: March 2016

Während bei der Hydrolyse der Germane (Ib) die Ge‐P‐Bindung unter Bildung von Phosphin und der Germoxane (II) bzw. (III) gespalten wird, entsteht durch Hydrolyse von (Ia) wegen der labilen Ge‐H‐Bindung neben den Germoxanen (III) und Phosphin noch Dimethylgerman nach einer Reaktionszeit von mehr als zwei Stunden und Wasser im Überschuß.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, AND TUNGSTEN DICARBONYLBIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)METHANE COMPLEXES
Authors: BOND A. M. , COLTON R. , JACKOWSKI J. J.
Published: March 2016

Die Oxidation der neutralen Titelkomplexe, die in cis‐Forrn mit zwei Diphosphinliganden vorliegen, mit Jod, Nitrosylhexafluorophosphat, Ag‐ und Hg‐Salzen liefert paramagnetische einfach‐positive trans‐Komplexionen, die durch IR‐, NMR‐ und ESR‐Spektren sowie durch Leitfähigkeits‐ und elektrochemische Untersuchungen charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF DINITROGEN‐MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES PART 2, DINITROGEN(ORGANONITRILE) COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM
Authors: TATSUMI TAKASHI , HIDAI MASANOBU , UCHIDA YASUZO
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung des Mo‐Komplexes (I) mit Nitrilen lieferte die Verbindungen (II) und einen zweikernigen Komplex (30% Ausbeute) mit Terephthalsäuredinitril als Brückenligand, deren Strukturen durch IR‐ und NMR‐Untersuchungen gesichert sind.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL CARBONYL CHEMISTRY PART 24, REACTIONS OF METHYL‐ AND PHENYL‐PENTACARBONYLMANGANESE WITH DICYCLOPENTADIENE AND OTHER DIENES
Authors: BOOTH BRIAN L. , GARDNER MICHAEL , HASZELDINE ROBERT N.
Published: March 2016

Dicyclopentadien (II) reagiert mit den Mn‐pentacarbonylen (I) in einem Nichtdonator‐Lösungsmittel wie Benzol zu den 1:1‐Komplexen (III) und den 2:1‐Additionsprodukten (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: METAL CARBONYL CHEMISTRY PART 25, REACTIONS OF ACETYL‐ AND BENZOYL‐PENTACARBONYLMANGANESE WITH DICYCLOPENTADIENE
Authors: BOOTH BRIAN L. , GARDNER MICHAEL , HASZELDINE ROBERT N.
Published: March 2016

Dicyclopentadien reagiert mit den Acylpentacarbonyl‐Mn‐Verbindungen in Hexan oder Benzol hauptsächlich zu den 1:1‐Addukten (I).
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC CROSS‐OVER IN SIX‐CO‐ORDINATE IRON(II) COMPLEXES OF CIS‐1,2‐BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)ETHYLENE
Authors: LEVASON WILLIAM , MCAULIFFE CHARLES A. , KHAN MOHAMMED MAHFOOZ , NELSON S. MARTIN
Published: March 2016

Die Komplexe (I) und (II) wurden durch Reaktion der Eisensalze mit dem Liganden dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYL‐EISEN‐KOMPLEXE VON PENTAFULVENEN
Authors: BEHRENS U. , WEISS E.
Published: March 2016

Die Pentafulven‐carbonyl‐eisen‐Komplexe (III), (IV) und (V) werden auf bekanntem Weg dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: COMBINATION OF DIOXYGEN WITH N,N‐BIS(2‐AMINOETHYL)GLYCINATOCOBALT(II) AND WITH DIETHYLENETRIAMINE‐N‐ACETATOCOBALT(II)
Authors: MCLENDON G. , MACMILLAN D. T. , HARIHARAN M. , MARTELL A. E.
Published: March 2016

Die zwei isomeren Titelliganden reagieren mit Co(II) in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff unter Bildung der oktaedrischen Co‐Chelate (IIa), die mit molekularem Sauerstoff reversibel die dimeren O‐Addukte (I) bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: KOBALT‐KOORDINATIONSVERBINDUNGEN MIT BRENZTRAUBENSAEUREANILID‐THIOSEMICARBAZON
Authors: ABLOV A. V. , BELICHUK N. I. , NEZHEL'SKAYA L. A.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Reaktion von COCl2 ° 6H2O mit Brenztraubensäureanilid‐thiosemicarbazon unter Luftzutritt in äthanolischem NH3 entsteht das komplexe Ammoniumsalz (I) (Ausbeute 90%).
ChemInform Abstract: MIXED‐VALENCE COMPLEXES OF GOLD CONTAINING THE MALEONITRILEDITHIOLATO LIGAND
Authors: BERGENDAHL TIMOTHY J. , WATERS JAMES H.
Published: March 2016

Durch 1:1:1‐molare Umsetzung von Trichlorotriphenylphosph(ars)in‐Au(III) mit Dinatrium‐1,2‐dicyanoäthylendithiolat in Gegenwart von Triphenylphosph(ars)in entstehen diamagnetische 1:1:1‐Verbindungen, denen aufgrund ESR‐spektroskopischer Untersuchungen die Zusammensetzung (I) zuerkannt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: DICYANOPALLADATE(0) UND TRICYANO(PHENYL)‐PALLADATE(II)
Authors: NAST REINHARD , BUELCK JUERGEN , KRAMOLOWSKY REINHARD
Published: March 2016

Durch Reduktion einer Lösung des K‐cyanopalladats(II) (I) in flüssigem Ammoniak mit K wird das K‐cyanopalladat(O) (IIa) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDE AUS HYODESOXYCHOLSAEURE 4. MITT. 16‐METHYLEN‐17ALPHA‐ACETOXY‐PROGESTERON
Authors: EBERHARDT U.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Pregnanon (I) wird über (II) und (III) das Monoacetat (IV) hergestellt, das sich mit bromhaltigen Oxidationsmitteln nicht partiell zu (V) oxidieren läßt. Die Herstellung von (V) gelingt durch Acetylierung von (VI) und nachfolgende partielle Hydrn lyse.
ChemInform Abstract: PARTIALSYNTHESE NEUER ERGOLINDERIVATE AUS CLAVINALKALOIDEN 1. MITT. ISOMERISIERUNG VON 6‐METHYL‐8‐HYDROXYMETHYL‐DELTA(8,9)‐ERGOLENEN ZU DEN ENTSPRECHENDEN DELTA(9,10)‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: EICH E.
Published: March 2016

Das Clavinalkaloid (Ia) läßt sich durch Erhitzen in Pyridin an aktiviertem Aluminiumoxid quantitativ und stereospezifisch in das Δ9,10‐Isomere (IIa), einem Vertreter der pharmakologisch interessanten Ergolinalkaloide, umwandeln.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE SOLID SOLUTION SERIES ZN(1‐X)FE(X)PS3 (0 LESS THAN ‐ EQUAL 1)
Authors: ODILE JEAN‐PIERRE , STEGER JOHN J. , WOLD AARON
Published: March 2016

Einzelne Glieder aus der im Titel genannten Mischkristallreihe werden durch chemische Transportreaktionen aus den Elementen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRA‐ AND INTER‐MOLECULAR CATALYSIS IN THE HALOGENATION OF SOME OXOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: BELL RONALD P. , COVINGTON ANTHONY D.
Published: March 2016

Für die Oxosäuren (I) und (II) sowie für methylierte Lävulinsäuren werden die Dissoziationskonstanten sowie der katalytische Einfluß ihrer Anionen auf die Zersetzung von Nitramid untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF BENZ(DE)ANTHRACEN‐7‐ONES PART 2, FLASH PHOTOLYSIS
Authors: BENTLEY PETER , MCKELLAR JOHN F. , PHILLIPS GLYN O.
Published: March 2016

Untersucht werden Benz[de]anthracenon‐(7) und z.B. dessen 3‐Methoxy‐, 4‐Anilino‐, 6‐Amino‐, 6‐OH‐, 8‐Amino‐ und 8‐OH‐Derivat.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOL‐ACTIVATED SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION OF CARBOXYLATE ESTER
Authors: MAKI Y. , KIKUCHI K. , SUGIYAMA H. , SETO S.
Published: March 2016

In Gegenwart von Äthandithiol (I) werden aus den Estern (II) mit Natriumboranat glatt die entsprechenden Carbinole (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: DIAZOMETHANE‐CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION OF OXALIC ACID ESTERS
Authors: YOUNG J. CHRISTOPHER
Published: March 2016

Während Oxalsäureester mit Diazomethan in alkoholfreien Lösungen nicht reagieren, erfolgt in Gegenwart schon geringer Mengen Alkohole teilweise Umesterung.
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORINE‐WATER OXIDATION OF SOME ALPHA‐METHYLSULFONYL SULFIDES
Authors: HARDSTAFF W. R. , LANGLER R. F. , LEAHY J. , NEWMAN M. J.
Published: March 2016

Der Mechanismus der Chlorierung der Sulfonylsulfide (Ia)‐(Ic) in wäßriger Essigsäure, bei der jeweils das Produkt (II) entsteht [aus (Ia) außerdem wenig (5%) des Sulfenylchlorides (III)], wird ausführlich untersucht (Pummerer‐Umlagerung während der Chlorierung eines α‐Methylsulfonyl‐sulfinylchlorides).
ChemInform Abstract: MEISENHEIMER KOMPLEXE VON BIS‐(4‐METHOXY‐3,5‐DINITROPHENYL)‐SULFON
Authors: TERRIER F. , HALL J.‐C.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Einwirkung von Kaliummethylat auf das Bis‐(dinitrophenyl)‐sulfon (I) entstehen je nach den Reaktionsbedingungen die Komplexe (II), (III), (IV), (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF KETENE ACETALY PART 5, THE REACTION WITH P‐BENZOQUINONE DIHALIDES
Authors: CASTONGUAY A. , BRASSARD P.
Published: March 2016

p‐Benzochinondichlorid (Ia) reagiert mit Ketendimethylacetal (II) zu dem Benzofuran (III), den Naphthochinonen (IVa) und (IVb) und dem Ester (Va).
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTIONS OF CYCLOPROPENONES AND NITROSOARENES PART 1
Authors: HILL J. B.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Umsetzung von 1,2‐Diphenyl‐cyclopropenon (I) mit den Arylnitrosoverbindungen (II) entstehen die Isooxazolinone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF A STABLE ENOL FROM A MICHAEL ADDITION
Authors: LANDESBERG J. M.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Hydrolyse des Cyclopentenon‐carbonesters (I) unter milden Bedingungen erhält man den Enoläther (IV) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen; über das Carboxylat (II) erhält man das isolierbare Lacton (III), das mit Diazomethan wieder in (I) übergeht und weiter zu (IV) hydrolysiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY IN THE IMIDAZOLE SERIES PART 81, SYNTHESIS OF 1,4‐DIHYDRODERIVATIVES OF 1,2,4‐TRIAZINO(3,4‐A)BENZIMIDAZOLE
Authors: POVSTYANOI M. V. , LOGACHEV E. V. , KOCHERGIN P. M.
Published: March 2016

Die 1‐Acylmethyl‐2‐chlorbenzimidazole (I) reagieren mit Hydrazinhydrat oder Hydrazinen (II) über die Zwischenstufe des Hydrazons (III) zu den Triazinobenzimidazolen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2,3,4,5‐TETRAHYDRO‐1,5‐BENZOXY(AND THIA)AZEPINES AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR SYNTHESIS OF CONDENSED INDOLES
Authors: ORLOVA E. K. , SHARKOVA N. M. , MESHCHERYAKOVA L. M. , ZAGOREVSKII V. A. , KUCHEROVA N. F.
Published: March 2016

Die Oxime (I) des Chromanons und Thiochromanöns reagieren mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid/Aluminiumchlorid (1:4) unter reduktiver Umlagerung zu Tetrahydrobenzoxazepinen und ‐thiazepinen (II) in Ausbeuten von 60 und 80%.
ChemInform Abstract: PENTABROMOPHENYLMERCURIALS
Authors: DEACON G. B. , FARQUHARSON G. J. , MILLER J. M.
Published: March 2016

In siedendem Pyridin decarboxylieren die aus den entsprechenden Acetaten dargestellten Pentabrombenzoate (I) bzw. (III) zu den Organoquecksilber‐Verbindungen (II) bzw. (IV), von denen (IV) bis über 400°C beständig ist.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES BETWEEN FLUORO(DITERTIARY ARSINES) AND METAL TETRAHALIDES
Authors: KEPERT DAVID L. , TRIGWELL KEITH R.
Published: March 2016

Der Einfluß von F‐Atomen in tert.‐Diarsinen auf ihre Reaktionen mit Metall‐halogeniden wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: DARSTELLUNG UND CHARAKTERISIERUNG EINES DI‐MY‐AMIDO‐ UND VON DI‐MY‐HYDROXOKOMPLEXEN DER ZUSAMMENSETZUNG (PI‐C5H5CR(NO)(NH2))2 BZW. (PI‐C5H5CR(NO)(OH))2.(H2O)N (N=0‐2)
Authors: HOCH GERHARD , SASSE HANS‐ECKARD , ZIEGLER MANFRED L.
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (IIb) und (IId) werden bei der Behandlung des monomeren Dinitrosylchloro‐Cr‐Komplexes (I) mit Na‐tetrahydridoborat in Benzol/Methanol bzw. Benzol/Wasser als Nebenprodukte der bekannten Dimeren (IIa) bzw. (IIc) erhalten und durch IR‐, NMR‐ und Massenspektren charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION OF COPPER(II) AND MANGANESE(II) WITH HEMOGLOBIN
Authors: CHIANG SCOTT C. , SPRECHER RICHARD F. , SCHWEIGHARDT FRANK K. , LI NORMAN C.
Published: March 2016

Die Titelreaktion zwischen den Metallionen und menschlichem Hämoglobin wurde NMR‐spektroskopisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MONO‐ AND BIS‐PHENANTHROLIN COBALTOUS OXALATES
Authors: IYER H. PARASURAMA , RAMANATHAN P. S. , VENKATESWARLU CH.
Published: March 2016

Abhängig vom molaren Verhältnis und vom pH‐Wert im Bereich 2‐4 bildet Co(II) mit Phenanthrolin und einem Überschuß an Oxalsäure die Titelkomplexe (Ia) und (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (+‐)‐LINALOOL AND (+‐)‐HYDROXYLINALOOL FROM ISOPRENE
Authors: TAKABE K. , KATAGIRI T. , TANAKA J.
Published: March 2016

Aus Isopren (I) wird über die Stufen (III) und (IV) (±)‐Linalool (V) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: UMSETZUNG VON DELTA(4)‐STEROIDKETONEN MIT DEM DIHALOGENCARBENREAGENS DER PHASENTRANSFER‐KATALYSE
Authors: DEHMLOW ECKEHARD V. , EZIMORA GORDIAN C.
Published: March 2016

Bei Behandlung von Testosteronacetat (I) mit Chloroform/konz.
ChemInform Abstract: RADIKALISCHE CYCLISIERUNG IN DER ADENOSINREIHE. DIE SYNTHESE EINES DERIVATS VON CYCLO‐5′,8‐DESOXY‐5′‐ADENOSIN
Authors: DUONG K. N. V. , GAUDEMER A. , JOHNSON M. D. , QUILLIVIC R. , ZYLBER J.
Published: March 2016

Mit Tributylzinnhydrid in Gegenwart eines Initiators wird das 5′‐Jodadenosinderivat (Ia) zu (Ib), (IIa) und (IIIa) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES OF CHROMIUM(III) COMPLEXES PART 2, THE COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN CHROMIUM(III) AND AMMONIA IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: ANDERSEN PETER , BERG TORSTEN , JACOBSEN JENS
Published: March 2016

Die Gleichgewichte zwischen (I), (II), (III) und (IV) in wäßrigen Lösungen, die Hydrolysekonstanten der Reaktionen A und Bsowie Stabilitätskonstanten werden ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNG DER BEREICHE FESTER LOESUNGEN AUF INSB‐BASIS IM SYSTEM IN‐SB‐TE
Authors: DASHEVSKII M. YA. , KOLOBRODOV L. N. , YAKOVLEVA V. G. , PINCHUK P. A. , STEPANOVA T. N.
Published: March 2016

Über die Ergebnisse der chemischen Analyse und der Mikroröntgenspektraluntersuchungen von einkristallinen festen Lösungen auf InSb‐Basis werden die Solidusisothermen bei 400 und 500°C konstruiert.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF SULPHUR‐CONTAINING NITRONES FROM SULPHIDES, THERMAL ELIMINATION REACTIONS OF NITRONES
Authors: LEYSHON WYNFORD M. , WILSON DAVID A.
Published: March 2016

Die Behandlung von Benzophenonoxim (I) mit N‐Chlorsuccinimid in Gegenwart der Sulfide (II) und Triäthylamin in Methylenchlorid liefert die Nitrone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC CLEAVAGE OF THE SULFUR‐SULFUR BOND BY PHOSPHORUS NUCLEOPHILES PART 3, KINETIC STUDY OF THE REDUCTION OF A SERIES OF ETHYL ARYL DISULFIDES WITH TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE AND WATER
Authors: OVERMAN L. E. , PETTY S. T.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Spaltung der unsymmetrischen Disulfide (I) mit Triphenylphosphin (II) entstehen die Thiophenole (III) neben Äthylmercaptan (IV) und Triphenylphosphinoxid (V).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESES OF 2‐AZA‐ AND 2‐OXABICYCLO(2,1,1)HEXANE RING SYSTEMS
Authors: TAMURA Y. , ISHIBASHI H. , HIRAI M. , KITA Y. , IKEDA M.
Published: March 2016

Dimedon (I) reagiert mit den N‐substituierten Allylaminen (IIa)‐(IId) zu den Kondensaten (IIIa)‐(IIId).
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF QUINOLINE AND ITS HOMOLOGS, ISOQUINOLINE, AND PHENYL‐SUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES IN THE BENZENE RING
Authors: VIERHAPPER F. W. , ELIEL E. L.
Published: March 2016

Die katalytische Hydrierung von Chinolin und ähnlichen N‐Heterocyclen wird systematisch untersucht und jeweils der Anteil an Hydrierung für den aromatischen und den heteroaromatischen Bereich ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORO OLEFINS PART 6, RING SIZE EFFECTS IN CYCLIC FLUORO OLEFINS WITH ALKOXIDE NUCLEOPHILES
Authors: FRANZ C. A. , BURTON D. J.
Published: March 2016

1‐Chlor‐2,3,3‐trifluor‐cyclobuten (I) reagiert mit Äthylat zu den beiden Substitutionsprodukten (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: COUMARINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS PART 21, A REINVESTIGATION OF THE REACTION BETWEEN 1‐NAPHTHOL AND 2‐FORMYL‐2‐PHENYLACETONITRILE
Authors: DAS GUPTA ARUN K. , CHATTERJE RABINDRA M. , CHOUDHURI SAILENDRA N.
Published: March 2016

In einer erneuten Untersuchung der Titelreaktion der Verbindungen (I) und (II) (unter Literaturbedingungen) wird gefunden, daß hierbei weder das Naphthopyran (VI) noch das Naphthopyran (VII) entsteht, sondern ein Gemisch der Verbindungen (III), (IV) und (V) gebildet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: DISUBSTITUTED ′K‐REGION′ ARENE OXIDES
Authors: AVNIR D. , GRAUER A. , DINUR D. , BLUM J.
Published: March 2016

Das aus 9,10‐Phenanthrenc‐hinon und.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOFURANE 57. MITT. BENZOFURYLOXYALKYLAMIDOXIME, POTENTIELLE ANTIDEPRESSIVA
Authors: ARESCHKA ALEX , MAHAUX JEAN‐MARIE , VERBRUGGEN FRANCOIS , HOUBEN CHRISTIAN , DESCAMPS MARCEL , BROLL MADELEINE , WERBENEC JEAN‐PIERRE , CHARLIER ROBERT , SIMIAND JACQUES , EYMARD PIERRE
Published: March 2016

Nach bekannten Methoden werden 48 Benzofurane, wie z.B. (I) und (II), bzw. die Dihydrobenzofurane (III) dargestellt und als Hydrochloride oder Oxalate isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: GAMMA‐METHYLTHIOACETOACETIC ESTER IN THE SYNTHESIS OF INDOLYL‐2‐ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: TROFIMOV F. A. , TSYSHKOVA N. G. , GARNOVA V. I. , GRINEV A. N.
Published: March 2016

Die aus den Phenylhydrazinen (I) und den Thioacetessigestern (II) durch Erhitzen hergestellten Thioindolylessigsäureester (III) werden alkalisch hydrolysiert und über das Säurechlorid in die Amide (IV) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUKTUR‐WIRKUNG‐BEZIEHUNGEN BEI 5‐SUBSTITUIERTEN 2‐(NITROFURYL)‐PYRIMIDINEN
Authors: SEYDEL J. K. , ALBRECHT R.
Published: March 2016

Ausgehend von den Furyläthoxytosylaten (I) und den Aminen (II) werden über die Stufen (III) und (IV) die Produkte (V) synthetisiert, deren minimale Hemmkonzentrationen (MHK) gegen E. coli und die Rm‐Werte bestimmt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ZUR UNTERSUCHUNG DER REAKTION SAURER UND NEUTRALER PHOSPHITE MIT DIAZOESSIGSAEUREESTERN
Authors: PUDOVIK A. N. , GAREEV R. D.
Published: March 2016

Die Dialkylphosphite (Ia) reagieren mit den Diazoessigsestern (IIa) zu den Hydrazidophosphaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: UMAMIDIERUNG VON AMIDOPHOSPHITEN DURCH SULFENYLAMIDE DER DIAETHYLPHOSPHORSAEURE
Authors: GUSAR' N. I. , CHAUS M. P. , GOLOLOBOV YU. G.
Published: March 2016

Erhitzt man das Fluorphosphit (I) mit dem Sulfenylamid (II) 6 Stdn. auf 100°C, dann entstehen bevorzugt die Amide (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS USING O‐NITROPHENYLSULFENYL N‐CARBOXY‐ALPHA‐AMINO ACID ANHYDRIDES
Authors: KATAKAI R.
Published: March 2016

2‐Nitrobenzolsulfenylchlorid (I) reagiert mit den Leuchsschen Anhydriden (II) in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin glatt zu den Substitutionsprodukten (III), die mit Am‐inen (IV) zu den Amiden (V) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ANALOGUES OF NUCLEOSIDES PART 4, SYNTHESIS OF 1‐(3‐AMINO‐3‐DEOXY‐BETA‐D‐ARABINOFURANOSYL)‐6‐AZAURACIL AND ITS ACETYL DERIVATIVES
Authors: BROKES J. , BERANEK J.
Published: March 2016

Erhitzen des Dimesylats (I) mit methanolischem Na‐methylat führt über das Anhydroderivat (II) zum Epoxid (III), das mit methanolischem Ammoniak (Druckreaktion) das tritylierte Amin (IV) gibt.
Analysis of major elements in pigmented melanocytic chicken skin using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Jong Jin , Moon Youngmin , Han Jung Hyun , Jeong Sungho
Published: March 2016

The concentration difference of major elements in melanocytic skin with respect to pigmentation level is analysed by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to investigate the applicability of LIBS as an in situ feedback tool for selective and complete laser removal of melanocytic skin tissue like nevus. The skin of black silkie chicken which had a characteristic darkly pigmented perifollicular skin surrounded by lightly pigmented extrafollicular skin was used as the sample. The results showed higher LIBS signal intensities of Ca2+ and Mg2+ but lower intensities of Na+, Cl– and K+ in the perifollicular skin than in the extrafollicular skin, which demonstrated the feasibility to use LIBS as a reliable method to distinguish skin tissues with difference in pigmentation level.

Plasma emission of biochemical elements generated with a laser irradiation on melanocytic skin lesion.

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Plasma emission of biochemical elements generated with a laser irradiation on melanocytic skin lesion.
Rigorous analyses of a power distribution system with distribution transformer banks serving unbalanced loads and wind turbine generator systems
Authors: Chen Tsai‐Hsiang , Liao Rih‐Neng
Published: March 2016

Three‐phase power distribution transformer banks (DTrBs) are widely applied to serve single‐phase lighting loads and three‐phase power loads in a medium‐voltage three‐phase four‐wire (3Φ4W) power distribution systems simultaneously. Furthermore, the growing small‐scale wind turbine generator (WTG) systems are directly connected to the secondary side of DTrBs. It has been found that the system imbalance of a power distribution system might be significantly enlarged when WTGs are operated in parallel. Because of the determination the system imbalances of these systems are extremely complicated. In this paper, we introduce an effective method to develop the mathematical models of asymmetrical DTrBs, rigorously. These models can be easily applied in an unbalanced 3Φ4W power distribution system for more detailed analyses. In addition, such a kind of unbalanced system will be solved with an aid of the computer program, Matlab®/Simulink®, to analyze the effects of system imbalances when an asymmetrical DTrB serves the single‐ and three‐phase loads and the WTG system in parallel operation simultaneously. The simulation results and conclusion are of value to power distribution engineers for better planning, operating, and promoting their distribution system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomalous patterns of SST and moisture sources in the South Atlantic Ocean associated with dry events in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Pampuch Luana Albertani , Drumond Anita , Gimeno Luis , Ambrizzi Tércio
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the distributions of anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) and of the moisture sources in the South Atlantic Ocean during extreme dry events in southeastern Brazil in the austral autumn, winter and spring for the period 1982–2009. The extreme dry events were identified based on a combination in which consecutive dry days and variable percentiles were considered in five homogeneous regions in terms of precipitation in southeastern Brazil, as defined through cluster analysis. Composites of anomalies of SST and moisture sources for the dry events selected for the different homogeneous regions show specific characteristics for each region, but some similarities were apparent for the southern and northern parts of southeast Brazil. During spring in all regions, and during autumn and winter in the southern regions, a tripole pattern of SST anomalies was found (negative, positive and negative), together with an anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the Atlantic Ocean transporting moisture to southern Brazil associated with positive SST anomalies. A decrease in the climatological moisture sources in the south of Brazil then ensues, and dry conditions prevail in the regions of interest. In winter and autumn in the northern regions, the same tripole pattern of SST anomalies was also found, but shifted northwards. An anomalous cyclone is associated with the negative SST anomalies, and the climatological moisture sources to the northeast of Brazil reduce their contribution to the region of interest, where negative precipitation anomalies are registered. It seems that the events selected show the results of reductions both in terms of the availability of moisture and in atmospheric instability.
The efficacy and safety of cold‐induced lipolysis in the treatment of pseudogynecomastia
Authors: Park Jung Tae , Kwon Soon Hyo , Shin Jung Won , Park Kyoung Chan , Na Jung Im , Huh Chang Hun
Published: March 2016

Background

The treatment options for pseudogynecomastia have been limited. Cold‐induced lipolysis provides a noninvasive, localized subcutaneous adipocyte destruction by inducing adipocyte apoptosis.

Objective

This study has been designed to evaluate the efficacy of cold‐induced lipolysis as a treatment modality for pseudogynecomastia.

Methods

In this 28‐week prospective trial, a total of 12 male pseudogynecomastia patients (Korean) were treated twice with cold‐induced lipolysis. Efficacy was determined by chest circumference, ultrasonographic measurement of fat thickness, Simon's Gynecomastia class (SGC), photographic assessment, and the patient's satisfaction (baseline, weeks 4, 8, 16, and 28). Using a questionnaire, safety was evaluated at each visit.

Results

For 10 subjects that completed the trial, chest circumference and fat thickness significantly improved by week 8. This same improvement was gradually noticed through week 28. The patients SGC scores continuously decreased after two sessions. Photographic assessment showed an improvement until week 28. The result of the patient's satisfaction score was also meaningful. While there were no adverse events observed, transient pain and bruising at the treatment site were noticed.

Limitations

We recruited a limited number of participants. Also, we could not exclude there might be other individual factors in association with the patients pseudogynecomastia.

Conclusion

Cold‐induced lipolysis is a safe, effective therapeutic option in the treatment of pseudogynecomastia. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:584–589, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
TiO2 reinforced polymeric nanocomposites of HCl‐doped polyaniline and their properties
Authors: Majhi M. , Choudhary R.B. , Maji P.
Published: March 2016

Polyaniline (PANI)‐titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposite was synthesized via in‐situ polymerization in acidic medium using ammonium per sulfate as oxidant. The formation of nanocomposite was examined by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field effect scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, respectively. The dielectric properties were examined using LCR meter in the frequency range 100 Hz–5 MHz and it was explained in terms of complex dielectric permittivity and electrical modulus. The optical properties were examined using UV‐VIS spectroscopy in the wavelength range 200–800 nm. The thermal properties were examined in the temperature range 30°C–800°C. The improved performance in dielectric, electrical, optical, and thermal properties enables PANI‐TiO2 nanocomposite for its use in actuators, dynamic random access memory, and semiconductor devices. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E108–E117, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
THE EFFECTS OF GROUP COACHING ON THE HOMEWORK PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY SECONDARY STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DISABILITIES
Authors: Merriman Donald , Codding Robin S. , Tryon Georgiana Shick , Minami Takuya
Published: March 2016

Research on the effectiveness of homework provides ample evidence that homework has a positive effect on learning, particularly for secondary students. Unfortunately, the rate of consistent homework completion for students, with and without disabilities, is low. This study used a between‐groups design to examine the differential effectiveness of coaching, a self‐management intervention, compared with the local treatment‐as‐usual (homework center) on improving the homework completion of 50 middle school students (Grades 6 to 8) with and without disabilities who were having substantial difficulty with homework. Results indicated that both group coaching and homework center (treatment‐as‐usual) were effective in significantly decreasing homework problems, with no clear indication that one intervention was, overall, superior to the other. However, preliminary analyses suggest that these interventions might be differentially effective as a function of disability status.
On the behaviour of raindrop fall speed due to wind
Authors: Montero‐Martínez Guillermo , García‐García Fernando
Published: March 2016

Measurements of raindrop fall speed gathered at the ground over several years are presented and analysed in view of the horizontal wind intensity during sampling. It is confirmed that super‐terminal drops occur only for diameters less than about 0.7 mm and that their percentage numbers increase during windy periods. Furthermore, through statistical and post hoc data analyses, it is shown that wind affects the fall speed of individual raindrops. A remarkable feature is the detection of sub‐terminal raindrops, i.e. those having slower fall speeds than their calculated terminal velocities, smaller than 2 mm. Evidence that wind affects raindrop behaviour includes observations showing that under windy conditions: (i) super‐terminal drops exhibit larger fall speed departures from the expected terminal speeds than in calm wind periods; and (ii) the percentage number of sub‐terminal drops with diameters between 1 and 2 mm increases. These two findings imply a general broadening of the corresponding velocity distributions. Potential explanations for the occurrence of sub‐terminal drops are given based on turbulence (small raindrops respond faster to changes in air conditions), drop oscillations (which produce larger transit times through the instrument sampling volume) and the enhancement of transverse drifts and trajectory deviations with respect to the vertical. However, other possibilities should be also addressed for drops with the largest fall speed anomalies (greater than two times the instrument uncertainty) as well as their implications for microphysical processes.
Monitoring Weibull Quantiles by EWMA Charts Based on a Pivotal Quantity Conditioned on Ancillary Statistics
Authors: Pascual Francis , Yang Sansi , Ye Min
Published: March 2016

In this article, we study exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts for monitoring Weibull quantiles (percentiles) based on a monitoring statistic conditioned on ancillary statistics when samples may be Type II censored. The monitoring statistic has a distribution form that is intractable, but analytic forms of the density and distribution functions can be derived when it is conditioned on ancillary statistics. We use these results to develop EWMA control charts and, in certain cases, evaluate their average run length without resorting to simulations. We compare the average run length performance of the EWMA charts with those of probability‐limit charts, studied by the authors, and probability‐limit charts enhanced with Western Electric alarm rules. We apply the charts to the breaking strength of carbon fibers to detect shifts in a specific Weibull quantile. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of the generalized pauli constraints in the quantum chemistry of excited states
Authors: Chakraborty Romit , Mazziotti David A.
Published: March 2016

The Pauli exclusion principle requires that spin orbitals have occupations between zero and one. For pure quantum systems, however, the occupations of the spin orbitals are constrained by additional inequalities known as the generalized Pauli constraints. If the occupation numbers saturate (or nearly saturate) the generalized Pauli constraints, then the occupation numbers are said to be pinned (or quasi‐pinned) to the constraints. Here, we assess the complexity of electron correlation of excited states from the pinning or quasi‐pinning of the occupation numbers to the generalized Pauli constraints where the degree of pinning encodes information about the structure of the wave function including correlation and entanglement. Results are presented for three‐ and four‐electron atoms and molecules, the five‐electron cyclopentadienyl radical, and the seven‐electron Fenna‐Matthews‐Olson complex in green‐sulfur bacteria. The data shows that even when the ground‐state occupation numbers are pinned, the occupation numbers of excited states manifest pinned, quasi‐pinned, and unpinned behavior, reflecting the complexity of electron correlation and entanglement in excited states. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonadiabatic transition state theory: Application to intersystem crossings in the active sites of metal‐sulfur proteins
Authors: Lykhin Aleksandr O. , Kaliakin Danil S. , dePolo Gwen E. , Kuzubov Alexander A. , Varganov Sergey A.
Published: March 2016

Nonadiabatic transition state theory (NA‐TST) is a powerful tool to investigate the nonradiative transitions between electronic states with different spin multiplicities. The statistical nature of NA‐TST provides an elegant and computationally inexpensive way to calculate the rate constants for intersystem crossings, spin‐forbidden reactions, and spin‐crossovers in large complex systems. The relations between the microcanonical and canonical versions of NA‐TST and the traditional transition state theory are shown, followed by a review of the basic steps in a typical NA‐TST rate constant calculation. These steps include evaluations of the transition probability and coupling between electronic states with different spin multiplicities, a search for the minimum energy crossing point (MECP), and computing the densities of states and partition functions for the reactant and MECP structures. The shortcomings of the spin‐diabatic version of NA‐TST related to ill‐defined state coupling and state counting are highlighted. In three examples, we demonstrate the application of NA‐TST to intersystem crossings in the active sites of metal‐sulfur proteins focusing on [NiFe]‐hydrogenase, rubredoxin, and Fe2S2‐ferredoxin. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust model predictive control under redundant channel transmission with applications in networked DC motor systems
Authors: Song Yan , Wang Zidong , Ding Derui , Wei Guoliang
Published: March 2016

In networked systems, intermittent failures in data transmission are usually inevitable due to the limited bandwidth of the communication channel, and an effective countermeasure is to add redundance so as to improve the reliability of the communication service. This paper is concerned with the model predictive control (MPC) problem by using static output feedback for a class of polytopic uncertain systems with redundant channels under both input and output constraints. By utilizing the min–max control approach combined with stochastic analysis, sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the feasibility of the designed MPC scheme that ensures the robust stability of the closed‐loop system. In terms of the solution to an auxiliary optimization problem, an easy‐to‐implement MPC algorithm is proposed to obtain the desired sub‐optimal control sequence as well as the upper bound of the quadratic cost function. Finally, to illustrate its effectiveness, the proposed design method is applied to control a networked direct current motor system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Densification of layered firn in the ice sheet at Dome Fuji, Antarctica
Authors: FUJITA SHUJI , GOTO-AZUMA KUMIKO , HIRABAYASHI MOTOHIRO , HORI AKIRA , IIZUKA YOSHINORI , MOTIZUKI YUKO , MOTOYAMA HIDEAKI , TAKAHASHI KAZUYA
Published: March 2016

In order to better understand the densification of polar firn, firn cores from the three sites within ~10 km of Dome Fuji, Antarctica, were investigated using surrogates of density: dielectric permittivities εv and εh at microwave frequencies with electrical fields in the vertical and horizontal planes respectively. Dielectric anisotropy Δε (=εv − εh) was then examined as a surrogate of the anisotropic geometry of firn. We find that layered densification is explained as a result of complex effects of two phenomena that commonly occur at the three sites. Basically, layers with initially smaller density and smaller geometrical anisotropy deform preferentially throughout the densification process due to textural effects. Second, layers having a higher concentration of Cl− ions deform preferentially during a limited period from the near surface depths until smoothing out of layered Cl− ions by diffusion. We hypothesize that Cl− ions dissociated from sea salts soften firn due to modulation of dislocation movement. Moreover, firn differs markedly across the three sites in terms of strength of geometrical anisotropy, mean rate of densification and density fluctuation. We hypothesize that these differences are caused by textural effects resulting from differences in depositional conditions within various spatial scales.
Changes in whole-blood PUFA and their predictors during recovery from severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Babirekere-Iriso Esther , Mortensen Charlotte G. , Mupere Ezekiel , Rytter Maren J. H. , Namusoke Hanifa , Michaelsen Kim F. , Briend André , Stark Ken D. , Friis Henrik , Lauritzen Lotte
Published: March 2016

Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) with complications require in-patient management including therapeutic feeding. Little attention has been given to the effects of these feeds on the essential fatty acid status of children with SAM. The objective of this study was to describe changes in the PUFA composition in whole blood in children with SAM during treatment and to determine predictors of change. This prospective study took place in a paediatric nutrition rehabilitation unit in Kampala, Uganda, and assessed whole-blood fatty acid composition of children with SAM at admission, transition, discharge and follow-up (8 and 16 weeks). ANCOVA was used to identify predictors of change in whole-blood PUFA. The study included 120 children with SAM and twenty-nine healthy control children of similar age and sex. Among the SAM children, 38 % were female and 64 % had oedema. Whole-bloodn-6 PUFA proportions increased from admission to follow-up, except for arachidonic acid, which decreased by 0·79 (95 % CI 0·46, 1·12) fatty acid percentage (FA%) from admission to transition and 0·10 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·44) FA% at discharge.n-3 Long-chain (LC) PUFA decreased by 0·21 (95 % CI 0·03, 0·40) FA% at discharge and 0·22 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·42) FA% at 8 weeks of follow-up. This decrease was greater in children from families with recent fish intake and those with nasogastric tube feeding. Current therapeutic feeds do not correct whole-blood levels of LCPUFA, particularlyn-3 LCPUFA, in children with SAM. Increased attention is needed to the contents ofn-3 LCPUFA in therapeutic feeds.
Burden of community-onset bloodstream infections, Western Interior, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: LAUPLAND K. B. , PASQUILL K. , PARFITT E. C. , NAIDU P. , STEELE L.
Published: March 2016

Although community-onset bloodstream infection (BSI) is recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality, its epidemiology has not been well defined in non-selected populations. We conducted population-based surveillance in the Interior Health West region of British Columbia, Canada in order to determine the burden associated with community-onset BSI. A total of 1088 episodes were identified for an overall annual incidence of 117·8/100 000 of which 639 (58·7%) were healthcare-associated (HA) and 449 (41·3%) were community-associated (CA) BSIs for incidences of 69·2 and 48·6/100 000, respectively. The incidence of community-onset BSI varied by age and gender and elderly males were at the highest risk. Overall 964 (88·6%) episodes resulted in hospital admission for a median length of stay of 8 days; the total days of acute hospitalization associated with community-onset BSI was 13 530 days or 1465 days/100 000 population per year. The in-hospital mortality rate was 10·6% (102/964) and this was higher for HA-BSI (72/569, 12·7%) compared to CA-BSI (30/395, 7·6%, P = 0·014) episodes. Community-onset BSI, especially HA-BSI, is associated with a major burden of illness.
Mytilus Spathulatus, a New Cretaceous Species
Authors: Seeley H.
Published: March 2016

A flint cast of a Mytilus has been obtained from the gravel of Barnwell, near Cambridge, by Mr. Percevall, B.A., Trin. Hall, and entrusted to me for description.

Form elongated and narrow, attenuated anteriorly, with valves deep, and longitudinally striated. The anterior outline of the lips is straight, that of the posterior side a gentle curve, which is somewhat straightened towards the apex. The shell is about three times and a half as long as wide, and widest below the middle. The lateral outline of the valves is lanceolate, the greatest height being in the anterior third.