bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there a Benefit from being Green? Assessing Benefits from Marketing Sustainability by North American Hotels
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Holmes Mark Robert
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research study was to determine if green hotels actually benefited from undertaking environmental practices and integrating these practices into their marketing strategy. After looking at sustainable communications and marketing literature, a total of 2,248 structured surveys were administered to hotels across North America. Responses from 247 hotels (11% response rate) were analyzed using frequencies, t-tests, and regression analysis to examine significant differences. The results show that the extent to which hotels perceive they benefitted from marketing sustainability practices through guest visits, guest length of stay, guest satisfaction, revenue, profit, and average daily rate can be predicted by examining the extent to which a hotel believes that green marketing has been incorporated into a hotels green marketing strategy. Findings also show that hotels that are a part of the Green Key certification program have a higher perceived probability of attracting new customers and retaining old ones. This study provides support that there is a benefit to sustainability marketing and this study is the first to examine how perceived hotel sustainability management and marketing inform one another and could be beneficial to hotels in how they utilize this information to inform marketing decisions.
KASA Turkey: Solving a Strategy and Sales Issue While Keeping Core Values: An Intrepid Travel CASE STUDY
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Sadowski Michael
Published: February 2023

 

Intrepid Travel, a tour operator, faced deliberation of how to deal with decreasing numbers and revenue to Turkey; one of the company’s largest destinations. In the past, a successful public relations campaign brought people back to Nepal after the 2015 earthquake and this case debates whether a similar strategy would also work in Turkey. This case outlines the issues surrounding the two destinations as well as the implications that the company faces in a world of increasing risk to business. This case explores the value of sustainability as well as Stakeholder Theory and Rokeach’s Value theory. Teaching objectives include weighing the values of environmental versus political issues in business as well as addressing cultural bias and personal values in decision making.
Willingness-To-Pay vs Actual Behavior: Sustainable Procurement at Festivals
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Jenkins Brittany , Smith Wayne , Pitts Robert E.
Published: February 2023

Sales and purchases of socially and environmentally responsible festival clothing are a way for festival attendees to engage in ethical consumption and for event organizers to undertake sustainable procurement. Although there have been a number of studies examining willingness-to-pay (WTP), few of them examine this in a festival setting, and there is a gap in existing research regarding the determination of actual behavior. The goal of this study is therefore to explore participants’ willingness-to-pay for apparel based on more external motivations (visible environmental messages) and then ascertain whether this behavior was actually replicated in a natural field setting. This study first collected surveys from 427 festival-goers in 2015, then used a natural field experiment in 2016 to investigate whether attendees at the Mariposa Folk Festival in Ontario, Canada, would actually be prepared to pay a premium for ethical festival T-shirts over a conventional alternative. The findings reveal that attendees not only showed a willingness-to-pay but they also did actually pay a premium for such T-shirts.

 
Planning for growth in islands: The case of Cuba
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Dimanche Frederic , Sadowski Michael
Published: February 2023

 This chapter outlines appropriate tourism planning and development strategies for island environments and discusses the issues and challenges with these to suggest paths for tourism development success. The case of Cuba is considered, regarding its transition and plans for tourism, as the country re-emerges within the region's tourism landscape. 
HUBUNGAN BEBAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEMAMPUAN KELUARGA DALAM MERAWAT PASIEN HALUSINASI
Authors: Pratiwi Ayu , Edmaningsih Yunike
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Halusinasi atau gangguan jiwa mengakibatkan penderita stres dan keluarga yang merawat penderita halusinasi merasa terbebani, baik beban subyektif (kecemasan, kesedihan, kekecewaan, rasa bersalah, jenuh), maupun beban objektif (beban keuangan dalam pengobatan atau perawatan, tempat tinggal, makanan, maupun transportasi). Kemampuan keluarga merawat yang baik dapat menciptakan kondisi lingkungan yang kondusif dan suportif, mampu menghargai pasien secara pribadi dan membantu pemecahan masalah yang dialami pasien halusinasi. Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan antara beban keluarga dengan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat anggota keluarga pasien halusinasi di Puskesmas Kunciran. Metode: desain penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif korelasi menggunakan Total sampling dengan sampel 42 responden, menggunakan analisa Uji Chi Square. Hasil: Dari 42 responden didapatkan beban keluarga yang bernilai sedang terdapat 27 responden (64,3%), dan kemampuan merawat yang bernilai kurang terdapat 30 responden (71,4%). Berdasarkan Uji Chi-Square diperoleh hasil p-value= (0,202>0,05) yang berarti tidak terdapat hubungan antara beban keluarga dengan kemampuan merawat pasien halusinasi di Puskesmas Kunciran. Kesimpulan: Faktor-Faktor yang menyebabkan tidak terdapat adanya hubungan antara beban keluarga dengan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat pasien halusinasi yaitu dukungan sosial, strategi koping, kualitas hidup, status kesehatan, tingkat pengetahuan, pelayanan kesehatan. Diharapkan keluarga selalu memperhatikan dan mendukung dalam upaya merawat anggota keluarga dengan pasien halusinasi.
PERUBAHAN FISIK DAN PSIKOSOSIAL MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN HEMODIALISIS
Authors: Irawati Diana , Slametiningsih  , Nugraha Rizki , Natashia Dhea , Narawangsa Asri , Purwati Nyimas Heny , Handayani Roswati
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan : Hemodialisis (HD) merupakan intervensi yang paling banyak dipilih oleh pasien End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Terapi ini dilakukan sepanjang hidup pasien sehingga dapat menyebabkan perubahan fisik dan psikologis. Perubahan yang kompleks dapat menjadi pemicu munculnya kondisi yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi hubungan perubahan fisik dan psikososial pasien ESRD yang menjalani HD dengan kualitas hidupnya. Metode: Desain cross-sectional. Sebanyak 117 pasien di unit HD Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih terlibat sebagai partisipan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil: Perubahan fisik berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup (PCS) pasien dengan HD (t = -2.061, p value = 0.042). Perubahan psikologis berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup pasien dengan HD pada komponen PCS dan MCS. Analisis multivariat menunjukan ansietas sebagai prediktor kualitas hidup pada aspek fisik (? = - .252, p = .038), sedangkan lama HD merupakan prediktor kualitas hidup pada aspek psikososial (? = .235, p = .006) Kesimpulan: Perubahan fisik dirasakan oleh pasien dengan frekuensi dan tingkat keparahan yang bervariasi. Berkaitan dengan indikator psikososial, kecemasan merupakan gangguan yang paling banyak dialami oleh pasien yang menjalani HD. Kualitas Hidup Komponen Fisik (PSC) lebih rendah dari Kualitas Hidup Komponen Mental (MCS) sebagai indikator Kualitas Hidup Penyakit Ginjal (KDQOL). Kecemasan dan Durasi HD adalah prediktor potensial Kualitas Hidup Pasien dengan HD
The importance of presenting the Russian journal archives in open scientific space
Authors:   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mazov Nikolay A. ,   State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gureyev Vadim N. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Stepanova Tatiana P. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2023

In the current context of information risks of losing access to commercial international information resources, the problem of intensive development of Russian academic journals is of particular importance. One of the unsolved problems includes extremely low presence and visibility of journals’ archives in the digital information space. At the same time, the presence of electronic archives of journals plays essential role in authority of scientific serials, their bibliometric indices and ranks, enhancement of domestic and international readership, as well as the engagement of new authors. Possible approaches to preparing and presenting metadata in open access are discussed as the case study of «Geologiya i Geofizika» journal. Special attention is paid to the important role of academic libraries in digital archiving.
The strategy for academic library development: From plans to implementation
Authors:   South Ural State University, Mokovaya Tatiana N. ,   Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture, Smolina Svetlana G. ,   South Ural State University
Published: February 2023

The strategy of university library as an instrument of library management is discussed. The main vectors of library development are analyzed; external and internal factors to affect implementation are discussed.
Human resources for regional libraries: How to meet the challenges of modernity?
Authors:   Vladimir Regional Collecge of Culture and Arts, Rassadina Marina I.
Published: February 2023

The author examines one of the key challenges the modern libraries are facing, namely building the human resources with the account taken of changed library functionality and global digitalization. The experience of Vladimir Region is discussed to reveal typical staffing problems of libraries. Possible solutions are suggested, for Vladimir region, specifically. The need for integrative approach to solve the HR problem, is substantiated.
Architecture and construction within the context of cultural and recreational activities in CSTL C&A
Authors:   Central Scientific and Technological Library in Construction and Architecture of RosStroyControl Federal Center for Control in Construction, Reznikova Evgenia V.
Published: February 2023

The types of target user groups of the sci-tech library, their needs, and conditions for their attending cultural events in the library, are explored. Different types of activities oriented on these user groups, are characterized. Themes, formats of presentation, and the most interesting and popular events are discussed. The paper is prepared within the framework of the Government Order No. 9101000.99.0.BB83AA0000 for 2022.
Updating the national standard GOST R 7.0.49 «The systems of standards in information, librarianship and publishing. The State rubricator of sci-tech information. The structure, rules of application and maintenance»: The methodological aspects of structural and functional organization of the Rubricator
Authors:   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, Terekhova Elena S.
Published: February 2023

The main divisions of the standard GOST R 7.0.49 are discussed; key uses of the State Rubricator of Sci-tech Information (SRSTI) are examined, the methodological guidelines for the Rubricator are analyzed. The descriptions and sample links used in SRSTI are reviewed. The paper is prepared within the framework of the Government Order No. 1021070112681-2-1.2.1; 5.8.3 (FNEG-2022-0006).
How to make e-resources in patent information more attractive?
Authors:   Federal Institute for Industrial Property, All-Russian Patent and Technical Library, Khomyakova Anastasia V.
Published: February 2023

The author examines the significance of patent information and the experience of the All- Russian Patent and Technical Library in presenting its original e-resources in patent information. She reviews the types of Library’s multimedia resources and discusses the ways to render the content on inventive activities acquired on the basis of the documents in the State Patent Collection.
Science for everyone, or how to foster interest in scientific knowledge in the children with special reading capabilities
Authors:   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, Khoroshavina Ekaterina V. ,   Moscow City Pedagogical University
Published: February 2023

Science popularization among the children is a powerful factor of forming mindset, developing critical thinking, and enriching their understanding of the world. It also plays an important role in socializing and personal development of children with special reading capabilities. The author emphasizes the relevance of this problem, reviews corresponding legal acts, and produces the findings of the valid sociological study. She also characterizes the science education events for the children with special reading capabilities.
All-Russian Science Educational Project «Kids Nobel» as the site to promote scientific knowledge to the younger generation
Authors:   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, Khoroshavina Ekaterina V. ,   National Library Association «Libraries for the Future»
Published: February 2023

Promoting science and research, educating children in scientific knowledge through practical activities will enable intellectual potential and competitiveness of this nation. However, the international survey demonstrates not so high level of knowledge in natural sciences. The All-Russian Science Educational Project «Kids Nobel» promoted by the National Library Association «Libraries of the Future» with the support of the Presidential Grants Foundation is the initiative to popularize scientific knowledge and engagement of 7–8 graders in scientific research activities. The project is to identify and support talented kids, contribute to the interest the children take in science and make them discover scientific research activities. The public libraries as important social communication institutions are to provide opportunities for personal empowerment and development; they play the key role in this project. The author discusses main provisions, terms and key events of the «Kids Nobel» Project , as well as its prospects.
Green libraries: ESG principles (environmental – social – governance) and promoting sustainable development ideas through modern libraries
Authors:   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, Bychkova Elena F.
Published: February 2023

Building the single logic of achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) is important for their implementation, and the library educational work contributes to this task. To accomplish it, the libraries have to interact with government and public agencies, mass media, business, etc. The author explores the terms used in planning, discussing and evaluating organizational efforts in ecology. The integrated approach to terminology lays the foundation for the vector of green libraries and green activities to become the new normality for all libraries.
Developing and maintaining the Nuclear Center’s e-library
Authors:   Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Acad. E. I. Zababakhin All-Russian Research Institute, Grabovensky Stanislav I.
Published: February 2023

Specific functional features of the Nuclear Center’s e-libraries are examined. The experience of building the library based on IRBIS 64+ is discussed. The author analyzes the performance of the e-libraries based on IRBIS and the software link: DBMS MySQL + PHP scripting language for designing web applications – PHP. The advantages and disadvantages of the two e-libraries within the environment of the Nuclear Center are analyzed. Their penetration is compared.
Partnership projects of the Tactile Image Library for the Visually Impaired
Authors:   Russian State Library for the Blind, Elfimova Galina S.
Published: February 2023

The Tactile Image Library for the Visually Impaired is the project of the Russian State Library for the Blind building the foundation for developing collection of tactually visualized illustrative materials. The Library comprises tactile graphic images, 2D and 3D-models intended to expand body-space representations for blind and visually impaired persons. The original developments of the RSLB employees make the main source for this collection development, however the project envisages partnership projects to ensure expertise in reduplication and presentation of images to potential users. The author offers several examples of presentation of theatrical, science and technology images.
Bibliometric assessment of regional scientific activities: Analyzing methods and their performance
Authors:   Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalashnikova Galina V.
Published: February 2023

The publications assessing regional scientific potential of the region through the bibliometric approach are discussed and characterized in brief. The main components of the methods and their possibilities are considered in detail. The author emphasizes that in the current circumstances, the studies of this kind should consider particularly the scientific potential of Russian regions. She also concludes that for assessing the scientific activities in the regions the regional information analytical resources should be applied.
Photobiomodulation in the treatment of oral diseases
Authors: Luna Cássia Alves de Lima , Guimarães Douglas Magno , Silva Emilly Silva e , Couto Marina Fadul Neves do , Oliveira Gerlane Lima , Alves Mauro Sérgio Almeida , Brazão-Silva Marco Tullio , Hage Caio de Andrade
Published: February 2023

The modern conception of dentistry is based on the search for noninvasive clinical applicability methods that improve the prognoses of dental pathologies and, therefore, the interest in light-tissue interaction technology has increased in the last decade. The present study aims to explore the applicability of photobiomodulation (PBM) in dentistry with emphasis on wavelengths provided to target tissues and the underlying mechanisms of action of lasers observed in the treatment of various oral diseases, as well as the affected processes that include, but are not limited to wound healing, tissue biostimulation, tissue and nerve regeneration, inhibition of pain and inflammatory processes. The effects obtained through photobiomodulation are correlated with the parameters involved, such as the equipment used, wavelength, power dosages, irradiation duration, energy density, general patient conditions, target tissue, pathology and etiologies considered. Depending on the conditions reported, the photobiomodulator effect or also known as low intensity laser therapy (LLLT) influences the increase of cellular metabolism through the application of photonic energy that presents monochromaticity and propagates consistently in time and space. Thus, the protocols for the application of the photonic properties of this therapeutic modality should be analyzed in the treatment of oral conditions and pathologies associated with glandular, neural, autoimmune, traumatic, and idiopathic diseases.
Concepções dos professores de química sobre a temática da avaliação
Authors: Fernandes Adriano Caldeira , Falcão Paulo de Tarso Bezerra
Published: February 2023

Essa pesquisa investigou as concepções que professores de química da região metropolitana de Belém e atuantes no ensino médio possuíam sobre avaliação da aprendizagem. O objetivo da pesquisa foi buscar a investigação dos professores quanto ao que pensavam a respeito da avaliação escolar e como a aplicaram com seus alunos em sala de aula.A pesquisa foi do tipo qualitativa e descritiva envolvendo 8 professores de química do ensino médio da região metropolitana de Belém com a aplicação de um questionário com 12 perguntas, de caráter semiaberto, online, feito pela plataforma Google Forms e enviado aos professores por meio de mídias sociais, Instagram, WhatsApp e Telegram. Os resultados foram coletados e transcritos na íntegra, com apresentação de gráficos que mostram o perfil dos participantes, tais como, idade, graduação, sexo e tempo de serviço. Observou-se por meio dos resultados obtidos que os professores possuem concepções formativas da avaliação da aprendizagem em parte de suas falas, além de considerarem a avaliação como uma maneira de averiguar o aprendizado do aluno, por meio de diferentes métodos ou ferramentas, sejam elas tradicionais ou alternativas.
Análise da mortalidade hospitalar por insuficiência cardíaca no Estado de Sergipe
Authors: Coelho Debora Costa Gomes , Santos Guilherme Mateus Carvalho dos , Carvalho Lêda Leonôr Mendonça , Santana Silvia Mayla Santos de
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho buscou descrever a taxa de mortalidade hospitalar por insuficiência cardíaca (IC) no estado de Sergipe, de 2010 a 2019. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, de cunho epidemiológico, retrospectivo, com coleta de dados secundários realizada no DATASUS. A mortalidade hospitalar por IC foi avaliada quanto à faixa etária e sexo. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva através de médias, frequência absoluta, frequência relativa e taxa de mortalidade. Observou-se um padrão de redução na taxa de mortalidade ao longo dos anos, em 2010 os valores eram próximos de 9,15 e reduziram para 7,46, totalizando uma redução de 18,46%. Ainda que a população sergipana tenha aumentado 9,96%, ocorreu uma diminuição no número de internação avaliada em 30,54% e, consequentemente, uma queda no número de óbitos com 10,30%. Ao comparar essas taxas, de acordo com o sexo, ressalta-se que valores superiores de mortalidade por ano ocorrem com mais frequência na população masculina do que na feminina, com média de 7,98 e 7,42 respectivamente. Em proporções semelhantes houve aumento na população masculina de 9,03% e de feminina 10,85%, no entanto, a redução na mortalidade feminina foi de 29,32% e 5,20% na masculina. Observou-se relativos aumentos nos índices de mortalidade nas faixas etárias a partir de 60 anos, com padrão maior de mortes ao avançar da idade. Sendo a Insuficiência Cardíaca é uma enfermidade de alta morbimortalidade, com este estudo, sugere-se uma tendência de diminuição na taxa de mortalidade hospitalar por IC em Sergipe.
Abordagens de cirurgias plásticas no tratamento de feridas complexas
Authors: Coelho Amanda Maria e Silva , Costa Clara Soares , Andrade Matheus Carvalho Nascimento de , Botelho Thaís Siqueira Camargos e , Coelho Érika Regina
Published: February 2023

Com o envelhecimento da população, houve um aumento da prevalência de doenças que levam ao surgimento de feridas, como a diabetes, cardiopatias, neoplasias e hipertensão. E que a longo prazo podem se tornar ferimentos que necessitam de intervenção cirúrgica para a resolução do bem-estar do paciente. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a atuação das cirurgias plásticas, não apenas no âmbito estético, mas também no tratamento de ferimentos complexos. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado no período de 2018 a 2023, com consulta nas bases de dados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS):  MEDLINE, LILACS, BINACIS e IBECS, por meio dos descritores: “ferimentos e lesões”, “cirurgia plástica” e “tratamento”, em cruzamento com o operador booleano and.  A utilização dos descritores resultou em 195 estudos. A seleção deles foi realizada mediante a aplicação dos filtros seguida da leitura dos títulos, resumos e dos textos na íntegra, atendendo aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos. Resultados comprovaram que muitas feridas complexas devem ser tratadas com procedimentos cirúrgicos, visto que apenas medidas clínicas tornam o processo mais demorado. Além disso, desbridamentos, enxertos de pele e retalhos devem ser indicados de maneira precoce. Nessa perspectiva, nota-se a essencialidade do cirurgião plástico no tratamento e na cicatrização. Dessa forma, inúmeras são as técnicas utilizadas para o tratamento de feridas complexas dentro das cirurgias plásticas, garantindo uma cicatrização mais eficiente e indo muito além da estética.
Monitoring antimalarial drug-resistance markers in Somalia
Authors: Jalei Abdifatah Abdullahi , Na-Bangchang Kesara , Muhamad Phunuch , Chaijaroenkul Wanna
Published: February 2023

The use of an effective antimalarial drug is the cornerstone of malaria control. However, the development and spread of resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains have placed the global eradication of malaria in serious jeopardy. Molecular marker analysis constitutes the hallmark of the monitoring of Plasmodium drug-resistance. This study included 96 P. falciparum PCR-positive samples from southern Somalia. The P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene had high frequencies of K76T, A220S, Q271E, N326S, and R371I point mutations. The N86Y and Y184F mutant alleles of the P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 gene were present in 84.7 and 62.4% of the isolates, respectively. No mutation was found in the P. falciparum Kelch-13 gene. This study revealed that chloroquine resistance markers are present at high frequencies, while the parasite remains sensitive to artemisinin (ART). The continuous monitoring of ART-resistant markers and in vitro susceptibility testing are strongly recommended to track resistant strains in real time.
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 in field isolates from central Myanmar
Authors: Dinzouna-Boutamba Sylvatrie-Danne , Lee Sanghyun , Moon Zin , Chung Dong-Il , Hong Yeonchul , Myint Moe Kyaw , Naw Haung , Na Byoung-Kuk , Goo Youn-Kyoung
Published: February 2023

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), encoded by the polymorphic var multigene family, is a highly polymorphic antigen that plays a crucial role in the pathology of malaria. The contribution of the genetic diversity of var toward the immune escape of P. falciparum has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of var repertoires by screening P. falciparum Duffy-binding-like α domain (PfDBLα) among field isolates from central Myanmar. Genetic analysis revealed that the D-H segments of var in Myanmar populations have an extensive polymorphic repertoire, with high numbers of unique sequence types in each individual. However, var genes from the global population, including Myanmar, shared close genetic lineages regardless of their geographic origins, indicating that they have not undergone rapid evolutionary changes.
Imported human babesiosis in the Republic of Korea, 2019: two case reports
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Min Jae , Shin Hyun-Il , Ju Jung-Won , Lee Hee-Il
Published: February 2023

Human babesiosis is a tick-borne disease induced by the genus Babesia and has been significantly reported in the Republic of Korea. This report shows the cases of 2 patients with human babesiosis who traveled to the USA in 2019. The 2 patients experienced fever and had travel histories to babesiosis-endemic regions. The diagnoses of both cases were verified by the identification of Babesia-infected red blood cells on blood smears. One patient was found to be infected with Babesia microti using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 18S rRNA, which discovered the phylogenetic link to the B. microti strain endemic in the USA. The 2 patients recovered from fever with subsequent hemoparasite clearance. Babesiosis could be diagnosed in anyone with histories of travel to babesiosis-endemic countries and tick bites. Furthermore, Babesia-specific PCR is required for determining geno-and phenotypic characteristics.
Can an artificial intelligence chatbot be the author of a scholarly article?
Authors: Lee Ju Yoen
Published: February 2023

At the end of 2022, the appearance of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot with amazing writing ability, caused a great sensation in academia. The chatbot turned out to be very capable, but also capable of deception, and the news broke that several researchers had listed the chatbot (including its earlier version) as co-authors of their academic papers. In response, Nature and Science expressed their position that this chatbot cannot be listed as an author in the papers they publish. Since an AI chatbot is not a human being, in the current legal system, the text automatically generated by an AI chatbot cannot be a copyrighted work; thus, an AI chatbot cannot be an author of a copyrighted work. Current AI chatbots such as ChatGPT are much more advanced than search engines in that they produce original text, but they still remain at the level of a search engine in that they cannot take responsibility for their writing. For this reason, they also cannot be authors from the perspective of research ethics.
Reproductive timing and putative mating behavior of the oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus in the eastern Bahamas
Authors: Talwar BS , Bond ME , Williams S , Brooks EJ , Chapman DD , Howey LA , Knotek R , Gelsleichter J
Published: February 2023

Oceanic whitetip sharks Carcharhinus longimanus aggregate at Columbus Point, Cat Island, The Bahamas, in at least April and May. We show that signs of putative mating activity (i.e. bite wounds) on mature females, which dominate the aggregation, are exceedingly rare at that time, but may be more common in July. Male plasma testosterone concentrations also suggest that spermatogenesis occurs in April and May and copulation is underway or has just ended by July. We support these preliminary data with direct observations of putative precopulatory behavior made at Columbus Point in July 2019. Using 25 min of video footage from the event, we identify common shark mating behaviors such as echelon or parallel swimming, following, shielding, nosing, and biting. We also describe the ‘circle-back’, a newly observed behavior where the male orients to the trail of the female, possibly to investigate olfactory cues. Based on these 3 parallel lines of evidence, we hypothesize that mating could occur in the eastern Bahamas as early as May, but is probably concentrated in midsummer (i.e. July), and that Columbus Point, Cat Island, may be a mating habitat for the oceanic whitetip shark.
SISTEM PAKAR MENDIAGNOSA PENYAKIT MATA PADA MANUSIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING
Authors: Muafi Muafi , Wijaya Andi , Aziz Vijay Abdul
Published: February 2023

Sistem pakar merupakan suatu aplikasi komputerisasi yang berusaha menirukan proses penalaran dari seorang ahli dalam memecahkan masalah spesifik dan membuat suatu keputusan atau kesimpulan karena pengetahuannya disimpan didalam basis pengetahuan untuk diproses pemecahan masalah. Dasar dari sistem pakar bagaimana memindahkan pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh seorang pakar ke komputer dan bagaimana membuat keputusan serta mengambil kesimpulan berdasarkan pengetahuan itu. Seiring berkembangannya zaman, bidang kedokteran telah memanfaatkan teknologi dalam upaya peningkatan pelayanan yang lebih baik dalam pendiagnosaan penyakit, salah satunya penyakit mata.  Karena mata merupakan salah satu panca indra yang penting untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar. Jika mata mengalami gangguan dan kita mengabaikannya, bisa saja itu merupakan gejala awal penyakit mata yang dapat berakibat fatal.
Paleomagnetic observations at three locations in the Pleistocene lava sequence of southwest and south Iceland
Authors: Kristjánsson Leó
Published: February 2023

Magnetic polarity measurements on lava samples were introduced in the 1950s as an aid in stratigraphic research in Iceland, and applied by T. Einarsson especially on Pleistocene sequences in southwest and south Iceland. However, the stratigraphy of these sequences is often complex, and Einarsson’s mapping has only been followed up to a limited extent. The present detailed laboratory study on magnetic remanence directions in lava flows is focused on three locations within the above region. In two of these locations (in southwest Iceland), profiles spanning the boundary between the polarity zones named R2 and N2 by Einarsson were sampled. The potential of using this boundary for correlation over short distances was confirmed. In a third location (in south Iceland), three normal-polarity zones are present in a 500 m thick lava and sediment sequence of dominantly reverse polarity. The stability and within-lava agreement of primary remanence vectors is generally excellent. Remanence directions in successive lava units are in many cases very similar, indicating that the volcanism was episodic. In comparison to geomagnetic poles obtained in previous paleomagnetic collections of older lava series in Iceland, the poles derived from these and other Pleistocene lavas are rarely situated in low latitudes.
Analyzing the trend in COVID-19 data: The structural break approach
Authors: SARKAR Nityananda , BANİK CHOWDHURY Kushal
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we have considered three important variables concerning COVID-19 viz., (i) the number of daily new cases, (ii) the number of daily total cases, and (iii) the number of daily deaths, and proposed a modelling procedure, so that the nature of trend in these series could be studied appropriately and then used for identifying the current phase of the pandemic including the phase of containment, if happening /happened, in any country. The proposed modelling procedure gives due consideration to structural breaks in the series. The data from four countries, Brazil, India, Italy and the UK, have been used to study the efficacy of the proposed model. Regarding the phase of infection in these countries, we have found, using data till 19 May 2020, that both Brazil and India are in the increasing phase with infections rising up and further up, but Italy and the UK are in decreasing/containing phase suggesting that these two countries are expected to be free of this pandemic in due course of time provided their respective trend continues. The forecast performance of this model has also established its superiority, as compared to two other standard trend models viz., polynomial and exponential trend models.
Automatic signal quality assessment of raw trans-abdominal biopotential recordings for non-invasive fetal electrocardiography
Authors: Baldazzi Giulia , Sulas Eleonora , Vullings Rik , Urru Monica , Tumbarello Roberto , Raffo Luigi , Pani Danilo
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Wearable monitoring systems for non-invasive multi-channel fetal electrocardiography (fECG) can support fetal surveillance and diagnosis during pregnancy, thus enabling prompt treatment. In these embedded systems, power saving is the key to long-term monitoring. In this regard, the computational burden of signal processing methods implemented for the fECG extraction from the multi-channel trans-abdominal recordings plays a non-negligible role. In this work, a supervised machine-learning approach for the automatic selection of the most informative raw abdominal recordings in terms of fECG content, i.e., those potentially leading to good-quality, non-invasive fECG signals from a low number of channels, is presented and evaluated.

Methods: For this purpose, several signal quality indexes from the scientific literature were adopted as features to train an ensemble tree classifier, which was asked to perform a binary classification between informative and non-informative abdominal channels. To reduce the dimensionality of the classification problem, and to improve the performance, a feature selection approach was also implemented for the identification of a subset of optimal features. 10336 5-s long signal segments derived from a real dataset of multi-channel trans-abdominal recordings acquired from 55 voluntary pregnant women between the 21st and the 27th week of gestation, with healthy fetuses, were adopted to train and test the classification approach in a stratified 10-time 10-fold cross-validation scheme. Abdominal recordings were firstly pre-processed and then labeled as informative or non-informative, according to the signal-to-noise ratio exhibited by the extracted fECG, thus producing a balanced dataset of bad and good quality abdominal channels.

Results and Discussion: Classification performance revealed an accuracy above 86%, and more than 88% of those channels labeled as informative were correctly identified. Furthermore, by applying the proposed method to 50 annotated 24-channel recordings from the NInFEA dataset, a significant improvement was observed in fetal QRS detection when only the channels selected by the proposed approach were considered, compared with the use of all the available channels. As such, our findings support the hypothesis that performing a channel selection by looking directly at the raw abdominal signals, regardless of the fetal presentation, can produce a reliable measurement of fetal heart rate with a lower computational burden.
Engineering of a probiotic yeast for the production and secretion of medium-chain fatty acids antagonistic to an opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans
Authors: Ling Hua , Liu Ruirui , Sam Qi Hui , Shen Haosheng , Chai Louis Yi Ann , Chang Matthew Wook
Published: February 2023

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen, with its infection as one of the causes of morbidity or mortality. Notably, the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii has shown the potential to fight against Candida infections. In this study, we aimed to engineer a commercial boulardii strain to produce medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) with antagonistic effects against C. albicans. First, we identified and characterized a boulardii strain and created its auxotrophic strain Δura3. Next, we constructed and expressed a heterologous MCFA biosynthetic pathway under the control of inducible and constitutive promoters. Aside from examining MCFA production and secretion, we confirmed MCFAs’ effects on C. albicans’ anti-biofilm and anti-hyphal formations and the immunomodulatory effect of MCFA-containing supernatants on Caco-2 cells. We found that under constitutive promoters, the engineered boulardii strain constitutively produced and secreted a mixture of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0. The secreted MCFAs then reduced biofilm and hyphal formations in C. albicans SC5314. We also confirmed that MCFAs upregulated the expression of virulence-related genes in SC5314. Furthermore, we found that the constitutively produced MCFAs in the supernatant induced the upregulation of immune response genes in Caco-2 cells co-cultured with SC5314, indicating MCFAs’ roles in immunomodulation. Overall, the engineered boulardii strain produced and secreted MCFAs, as well as demonstrated antagonistic effects against C. albicans SC5314 and immune-modulatory effects in Caco-2. To our knowledge, this represents the first study tackling the metabolic engineering of a commercial probiotic yeast strain to constitutively produce and secrete MCFAs showing anti-Candida effects. Our study forms the basis of the potential development of a live biotherapeutics probiotic yeast against Candida infections through metabolic engineering strategies.
Legal issues and underexplored data protection in medical 3D printing: A scoping review
Authors: Pettersson Ante B. V. , Ballardini Rosa Maria , Mimler Marc , Li Phoebe , Salmi Mika , Minssen Timo , Gibson Ian , Mäkitie Antti
Published: February 2023

Introduction: 3D printing has quickly found many applications in medicine. However, as with any new technology the regulatory landscape is struggling to stay abreast. Unclear legislation or lack of legislation has been suggested as being one hindrance for wide-scale adoption.

Methods: A scoping review was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Westlaw International to identify articles dealing with legal issues in medical 3D printing.

Results: Thirty-four articles fulfilling inclusion criteria were identified in medical/technical databases and fifteen in the legal database. The majority of articles dealt with the USA, while the EU was also prominently represented. Some common unresolved legal issues were identified, among them terminological confusion between custom-made and patient-matched devices, lack of specific legislation for patient-matched products, and the undefined legal role of CAD files both from a liability and from an intellectual property standpoint. Data protection was mentioned only in two papers and seems an underexplored topic.

Conclusion: In this scoping review, several relevant articles and several common unresolved legal issues were identified including a need for terminological uniformity in medical 3D printing. The results of this work are planned to inform our own deeper legal analysis of these issues in the future.
Intradiscal treatment of the cartilage endplate for improving solute transport and disc nutrition
Authors: Habib Mohamed , Hussien Shayan , Jeon Oju , Lotz Jeffrey C. , Wu Peter I-Kung , Alsberg Eben , Fields Aaron J.
Published: February 2023

Poor nutrient transport through the cartilage endplate (CEP) is a key factor in the etiology of intervertebral disc degeneration and may hinder the efficacy of biologic strategies for disc regeneration. Yet, there are currently no treatments for improving nutrient transport through the CEP. In this study we tested whether intradiscal delivery of a matrix-modifying enzyme to the CEP improves solute transport into whole human and bovine discs. Ten human lumbar motion segments harvested from five fresh cadaveric spines (38–66 years old) and nine bovine coccygeal motion segments harvested from three adult steers were treated intradiscally either with collagenase enzyme or control buffer that was loaded in alginate carrier. Motion segments were then incubated for 18 h at 37 °C, the bony endplates removed, and the isolated discs were compressed under static (0.2 MPa) and cyclic (0.4–0.8 MPa, 0.2 Hz) loads while submerged in fluorescein tracer solution (376 Da; 0.1 mg/ml). Fluorescein concentrations from site-matched nucleus pulposus (NP) samples were compared between discs. CEP samples from each disc were digested and assayed for sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen contents. Results showed that enzymatic treatment of the CEP dramatically enhanced small solute transport into the disc. Discs with enzyme-treated CEPs had up to 10.8-fold (human) and 14.0-fold (bovine) higher fluorescein concentration in the NP compared to site-matched locations in discs with buffer-treated CEPs (p < 0.0001). Increases in solute transport were consistent with the effects of enzymatic treatment on CEP composition, which included reductions in sGAG content of 33.5% (human) and 40% (bovine). Whole disc biomechanical behavior—namely, creep strain and disc modulus—was similar between discs with enzyme- and buffer-treated CEPs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential for matrix modification of the CEP to improve the transport of small solutes into whole intact discs.
Molecular identification of wines using in situ liquid SIMS and PCA analysis
Authors: Cheng Cuixia , Zhou Yadong , Nelson Holden M. , Ahmadullah Tasneem , Piao Hailan , Wang Zhaoying , Guo Wenxiao , Wang Jun-Gang , Lai Guosong , Zhu Zihua
Published: February 2023

Composition analysis in wine is gaining increasing attention because it can provide information about the wine quality, source, and nutrition. In this work, in situ liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was applied to 14 representative wines, including six wines manufactured by a manufacturer in Washington State, United States, four Cabernet Sauvignon wines, and four Chardonnay wines from other different manufacturers and locations. In situ liquid SIMS has the unique advantage of simultaneously examining both organic and inorganic compositions from liquid samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) of SIMS spectra showed that red and white wines can be clearly differentiated according to their aromatic and oxygen-contained organic species. Furthermore, the identities of different wines, especially the same variety of wines, can be enforced with a combination of both organic and inorganic species. Meanwhile, in situ liquid SIMS is sample-friendly, so liquid samples can be directly analyzed without any prior sample dilution or separation. Taken together, we demonstrate the great potential of in situ liquid SIMS in applications related to the molecular investigation of various liquid samples in food science.
An insight into gut microbiota and metabolites in the mice with adenomyosis
Authors: Chen Peipei , Wang Kun , Zhuang Mingyan , Fu Xianyun , Liu Shidan , Chen Minmin , Lei Ya
Published: February 2023

Background

Adenomyosis (AM) is a benign uterine disease characterized pathologically by the invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium. The pathogenesis of AM is still far from clear. Although the gut microbiome and metabolomics are thought to contribute to a variety of diseases, the role of them in AM has not been revealed.

Objective

To investigate changes in the gut microbiota and derived metabolites in AM mice.

Method

Female ICR mice were randomly assigned to AM and control groups, and pituitary transplantation was employed to perform AM modeling. Then, the fecal samples were obtained for microbial (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and metabolomic (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, LC-MS) analysis.

Result

The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota composition of AM mice was altered. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in AM group increased compared with the control group. Sixty differential expressed metabolites were identified in intestinal metabolites, mainly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Further, correlation analysis verified that L-methionine and L-cystine were negatively correlated with Bacteroides and positively correlated with Desulfovibrio. The Pregnenolone, Androsterone glucuronide, and Testosterone glucuronide were negatively correlated with Unidentified_Ruminococcaceae and Alistipes, whereas they positively correlated with Bacteroides.

Conclusion

AM mice have a unique gut microbiome and intestinal metabolites.
The effect of the “Oral-Gut” axis on periodontitis in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of microbe and immune mechanism associations
Authors: Zhou Tianyu , Xu Wenzhou , Wang Qiqi , Jiang Cong , Li Hongyan , Chao Yang , Sun Yue , A Lan
Published: February 2023

Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that share common features of microbial-induced ecological dysregulation and host immune inflammatory response. The close relationship between periodontitis and IBD is characterized by a higher prevalence of IBD in patients with periodontitis and a higher prevalence and severity of periodontitis in patients with IBD, indicating that periodontitis and IBD are different from the traditional independent diseases and form an “Oral-Gut” axis between the two, which affect each other and thus form a vicious circle. However, the specific mechanisms leading to the association between the two are not fully understood. In this article, we describe the interconnection between periodontitis and IBD in terms of microbial pathogenesis and immune dysregulation, including the ectopic colonization of the gut by pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis that promotes inflammation in the gut by activating the host immune response, and the alteration of the oral microbiota due to IBD that affects the periodontal inflammatory response. Among the microbial factors, pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum may act as the microbial bridge between periodontitis and IBD, while among the immune mechanisms, Th17 cell responses and the secreted pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α play a key role in the development of both diseases. This suggests that in future studies, we can look for targets in the “Oral-Gut” axis to control and intervene in periodontal inflammation by regulating periodontal or intestinal flora through immunological methods.