bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rassismuskritische Polizeiforschung – Eine Spurensuche
Authors: Atali-Timmer Fatoş , Fereidooni Karim , Schroth Kathrin
Published: November 2022

Die Intention dieses Aufsatzes ist die Darstellung der Analyseperspektive der Rassismuskritik, sowie die Diskussion von rassismuskritischen und rassismuskritisch relevanten Studienergebnissen, die sich mit der Polizeiarbeit befassen.
Die Vermittlung transkulturellen Wissens in der Aus- und Fortbildung als wesentlicher Baustein gegen individuellen und strukturellen Rassismus in der Polizei
Authors: Schulz André
Published: November 2022

Transkulturelle Kompetenz ist eine Schlüsselkompetenz für Polizist:innen. Transkulturelles Wissen hilft ihnen, die für ihren Dienst notwendigen Resilienzen zu verfestigen oder zu entwickeln und ist ein wesentlicher Faktor, um Rassismus innerhalb der Polizei zu begegnen. Schaut man sich bundesweit aber die Realität in der polizeilichen Aus- und Fortbildung an, stellt man fest, dass die Vermittlung der transkulturellen Kompetenz oftmals immer noch nicht mehr als eine Absichtserklärung ist. Das große Potenzial des transkulturellen Wissens für die Polizei ist bisher kaum ins Bewusstsein der Verantwortlichen gerückt.
Organisierte (In-)Differenz. Zur Bedeutung von Diversität und Repräsentation für die Polizei
Authors: Ellebrecht Sabrina
Published: November 2022

Unter Rückgriff auf die Theorie repräsentativer Bürokratie skizziert der Beitrag, inwiefern es plausibel ist, dass die Anwesenheit von mehr Polizist:innen mit Migrationshintergrund Diskriminierungsrisiken im Innen- und Außenverhältnis der Polizei reduziert. Dazu werden empirische Ergebnisse zum Umgang der Polizeien mit Diversität in der Personalauswahl und der Teamarbeit diskutiert. In beiden Bereichen zeigt sich ein indifferenter Umgang mit Verschiedenheit: Differenzen werden nicht ausgleichend oder fördernd berücksichtigt, vielmehr wird ihnen im Sinne einer allgemeinen Gleichbehandlung mit Standardisierung und Loyalitätsanforderungen begegnet. Ein solches, differenzblindes Verständnis von Diversität verstellt den Blick auf Diskriminierungsrisiken im Innen- und Außenverhältnis der Polizei und überlässt ihre Vielfalt einzelnen Diversitätsträgern.
Unabhängige Kontrolle als Schutz vor Rassismus und Diskriminierung?
Authors: Aden Hartmut , Bosch Alexander
Published: November 2022

In Deutschland und in anderen Ländern ist ein Trend hin zur Einrichtung unabhängiger Stellen zu beobachten, die Fehlverhalten von Polizist:innen und Fehlentwicklungen der Polizeiarbeit aufarbeiten sollen. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwieweit solche Stellen einen Beitrag zum Schutz vor Rassismus und Diskriminierung leisten können. Er zeigt, dass dies von den Ermittlungskompetenzen und der Ausstattung der Stellen abhängt.
Ursachen und Präventionsmöglichkeiten bei Vorurteilen und Diskriminierungen in der Polizei
Authors: Groß Eva , Clasen Julia , Zick Andreas
Published: November 2022

Der Beitrag diskutiert den Wert der Konzeption des Syndroms der Gruppenbezogenen Menschenfeindlichkeit (GMF) für die Prävention von und Intervention gegen Vorurteile in der Polizei. Unter GMF werden Zuschreibungen der Minderwertigkeit von Gruppen in einer Gesellschaft als zusammenhängende Phänomene verstanden. GMF bzw. die Elemente des Syndroms können sich in Vorurteilen und rassistischen Konstruktionen, also in Einstellungen, Überzeugungen, wie auch Diskriminierungen äußern. Kern des Syndroms ist eine Ideologie der Ungleichwertigkeit von Gruppen wie Menschen, die Gruppen zugeordnet werden. Das Konzept bietet ein universelles und interdisziplinäres Verständnis, welches auch für eine Annäherung an den Phänomenbereich „Rassismus in der Polizei“ sinnvoll ist. Es trägt empirischen Befunden zur Generalisierung von Abwertungen Rechnung und löst die Fokussierung der Prävention und Intervention auf spezifische Menschenfeindlichkeiten bzw. zwingt sie dazu, multiple Vorurteile und rassistische Abwertungen zu bedenken. Dieser universale Ansatz ist für die Prävention und Intervention bei der Polizei bedeutsam, weil diese gehalten ist, jedweder Form von Rassismus und Menschenfeindlichkeit Einhalt zu gebieten. Zugleich eröffnet der Ansatz Möglichkeiten für die Entwicklung von polizeilichen Strategien gegen Ungleichwertigkeitsideologien und demokratiegefährdende Orientierungen. Der Beitrag fasst Erkenntnisse aus bestehenden Studien zusammen und überträgt diese auf den Kontext Polizei. Die institutionellen und kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen polizeilicher Praxen sowie spezifische Arbeitsbedingungen im polizeilichen Vollzug werden dabei im Besonderen bedacht, und es werden Implikationen für zukünftige Polizeiforschung präsentiert.
Strukturell – Institutionell – Individuell – Dimensionen des polizeilichen Rassismus: Versuch einer Begriffsklärung
Authors: Bosch Alexander , Thurn Roman
Published: November 2022

In diesem Beitrag werden die Begriffe des individuellen, des institutionellen und des strukturellen Rassismus entwickelt und für die Polizeiforschung fruchtbar gemacht. Ausgangspunkt der Überlegungen ist die Beobachtung, dass in der (deutschsprachigen) Polizeiforschung die Begriffe des institutionellen und des strukturellen Rassismus in der Regel missverstanden und daher (zu Unrecht) abgelehnt werden. In Anschluss an die Heuristik Joe R. Feagins entgegnen wir, dass die Konzepte sinnvoll im Bereich der Polizeiforschung angewandt werden können und weiterhin relevant sind: Während individueller Rassismus die Ebene der Einstellung einzelner Beamt:innen umfasst, meint der institutionelle Rassismus handlungsleitende Normen innerhalb der Institution Polizei, welche relativ unabhängig von den individuellen Einstellungen sind, während der strukturelle Rassismus Interdependenzen mit rassistischen Exklusionen und Diskriminierungen außerhalb des polizeilichen Feldes beschreibt. Diese drei Ebenen bestehen realiter nicht getrennt voneinander, sondern bedingen sich, wie wir mithilfe der Autoritarismusstudien der Kritischen Theorie zeigen, je gegenseitig.
On Perfect Sequence Covering Arrays
Authors: Gentle Amber , Wanless Ian M.
Published: November 2022

A PSCA$$(v, t, \lambda )$$

(
v
,
t
,
λ
)

is a multiset of permutations of the v-element alphabet $$\{0, \dots , v-1\}$$

{
0
,
⋯
,
v
-
1
}

, such that every sequence of t distinct elements of the alphabet appears in the specified order in exactly $$\lambda $$
λ
of the permutations. For $$v \geqslant t \geqslant 2$$

v
⩾
t
⩾
2

, we define g(v, t) to be the smallest positive integer $$\lambda $$
λ
, such that a PSCA$$(v, t, \lambda )$$

(
v
,
t
,
λ
)

exists. We show that $$g(6, 3) = g(7, 3) = g(7, 4) = 2$$

g
(
6
,
3
)
=
g
(
7
,
3
)
=
g
(
7
,
4
)
=
2

and $$g(8, 3) = 3$$

g
(
8
,
3
)
=
3

. Using suitable permutation representations of groups, we make improvements to the upper bounds on g(v, t) for many values of $$v \leqslant 32$$

v
⩽
32

and $$3\leqslant t\leqslant 6$$

3
⩽
t
⩽
6

. We also prove a number of restrictions on the distribution of symbols among the columns of a PSCA.
A prospective comparison of total knee arthroplasty using ultra-congruent, condylar-stabilizing, and posterior-stabilized devices implanted with kinematic alignment: better 2-year outcomes with ultra-congruent
Authors: Carlson Brian J. , Jones Brett K. , Scott David F.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study compared the 5-year results of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-sacrificing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with either a post and cam posterior-stabilized (PS) device, a dished, congruent condylar-stabilizing (CS) device, or a deep-dished ultra-congruent (UC) device. The hypothesis was that the clinical and radiographic outcomes would be equivalent. CS and PS participants were part of a prospective, randomized trial, and UC participants were part of a separate prospective, non-randomized protocol that was otherwise identical. A kinematic alignment surgical technique was utilized.

Methods

Participants were assessed preoperatively, and postoperatively at 6 weeks, 6 months, and annually for 5 years by Knee Society Score (KSS), SF-36 v2, Lower Extremity Activity Scale (LEAS), and physical and radiographic evaluation. There were 116 CS/PS participants and 69 UC participants who participated in the study.

Results

Tourniquet (P = .02) and operative (P = .01) times for the CS and UC groups were significantly shorter than the PS group. KSS Function scores were better for the UC group than the CS and PS groups at 6 months (P = .04) and 1 year (P = .03), and better in the UC group vs. CS at 2 years (P = .04). The KSS Pain-only score was also better in the UC compared to PS at 6 months (P = .04). There were no significant differences for the KSS Pain/Motion scores, flexion, SF-36, and LEAS scores at any time.

Conclusion

These data confirm the hypothesis that there are no clinically meaningful significant differences in outcomes between the three groups at a 5-year minimum follow-up, though there is a trend toward less pain and better function at earlier visits in the UC group.

Level of evidence

II.
Potential synergistic effect of Alhagi graecorum ethanolic extract with two conventional food preservatives against some foodborne pathogens
Authors: Shaker Abdulrhman S. , Marrez Diaa A. , Ali Mohamed A. , Fathy Hayam M.
Published: November 2022

The present study aims to screen the anti-bacterial activity and synergistic interaction of A. graecorum Boiss. ethanolic extract with two food preservatives against five strains of foodborne bacteria. Disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration were used for anti-bacterial assay, checkerboard assay and time-kill curve were used for the combination studies. HPLC analysis and molecular docking study were performed to corroborate the in vitro results. The ethanolic extract showed anti-bacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains with inhibition zones from 7.5 to 9.3 mm and MIC values ranged between 1.2 and 1.8 mg mL−1. The combination of the ethanolic extract with Na-benzoate or Na-propionate resulted in synergistic and additive interactions against the tested bacteria with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) ranges 0.31–0.63 and no antagonism was shown. Time-kill curve assay showed that the synergistic and additive combinations have inhibitory effects on the tested strains. The ethanolic extract combination with Na-benzoate or Na-propionate can be used for development new sources of food preservatives. Testing new different natural plant extracts with food preservatives will help develop new anti-bacterial agents.
Closing the gap — development of an analytical methodology using volumetric absorptive microsampling of finger prick blood followed by LC-HRMS/MS for adherence monitoring of antihypertensive drugs
Authors: Jacobs Cathy M. , Kunz Michael , Mahfoud Felix , Wagmann Lea , Meyer Markus R.
Published: November 2022

Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), an emerging microsampling technique, is a promising tool for adherence monitoring. This study focused on development of an analytical methodology to improve VAMS-based strategies for adherence assessment by analyzing angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, loop diuretics, a potassium-sparing diuretic, and a thiazide diuretic. Development included sample preparation, chromatographic conditions, mass spectrometry settings, validation, and demonstrating proof of concept. Quantification of analytes, by name furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, torasemide, and the active metabolites, canrenone, enalaprilat, and ramiprilat in finger prick blood (FPB), was validated based on international guidelines. Selectivity, carryover, and within/between-run accuracy and precision were in accordance with the recommendations. The matrix effect was evaluated at three different hematocrit levels (HT: 20%, 40%, 60%) and the coefficients of variation did not exceed 15%. Dilution integrity (1:10 and 1:20) was given for all analytes except lisinopril, yet for lisinopril, the therapeutic range was already covered by the calibration range. Long-term stability in VAMS tips was tested for 2 weeks at 24 °C in the dark and revealed no degradation of analytes. The proof of concept was performed by analyzing 35 intakes of ACE-inhibitors and diuretics in 18 VAMS and matched plasma samples. Hereby, determined concentration in FPB and plasma cannot be used interchangeably, and thus specific reference ranges for whole blood must be established. Nevertheless, the VAMS-based strategy was shown to be suitable for assessing adherence of all classes of antihypertensive drugs used in the guidelines to manage hypertension.

Graphical abstract
Preparation of nitrogen-enriched pine sawdust-based activated carbons and their application for copper removal from the aquatic environment
Authors: Kalak Tomasz , Kaczmarek Mateusz , Nowicki Piotr , Pietrzak Robert , Tachibana Yu , Cierpiszewski Ryszard
Published: November 2022

In this research study, compressed pellets of pine wood sawdust were carbonized at a temperature of 600 °C and then physically activated at 800 °C to obtain activated carbons (ACs). Then, some of the samples were enriched with nitrogen by reaction with urea at 300 °C. The AC samples prepared in this way were examined for the removal of Cu(II) in adsorption processes. Pine wood sawdust is waste resulting from processing in the wood industry and is a promising material to be reused for metal ions recovery. For this purpose, firstly, the AC was characterized using several analytical methods, including ash content, elemental composition, TGA, specific surface area and pore diameter (BET), pore size distribution (BJH), micropore volume, the content of surface acidic and basic functional groups, pH, FTIR and SEM morphology. Secondly, these materials before and after modification with nitrogen were used in experiments on the adsorptive removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The influence of parameters, such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Cu(II) concentration and contact time on the process, was investigated. Thirdly, adsorption kinetics and sorption isotherms were analyzed. According to the research results, it was reported that maximum sorption efficiency was equal to 99.9 and 99.8% at pH 5 for activated carbon AC (TK6AF1/2) and nitrogen-modified activated carbon NMAC (TK6MAF1/2), respectively. This proves that the examined waste materials exhibit satisfactory sorption properties in relation to Cu(II) ions and can be used as low-cost adsorbents in industrial wastewater treatment processes. These studies are in line with current global trends in sustainable and circular economy. Future research may focus on performing adsorption processes of copper and other metals at various temperatures as well as dynamic flow, studying metal ion competition, performing regeneration to reuse the adsorbents, carrying out realistic wastewater studies and cost estimation of entire processes on a laboratory and industrial scale.
Micro-morphological characteristics of the oropharyngeal cavity floor of bogue (Boops boops) (Linnaeus, 1758) fish: gross morphology, light, and scanning electron microscopic imaging
Authors: Alsafy Mohamed A. M. , Seif Manal A. , El-Gendy Samir A. A. , El-Beskawy Mohamed , Dakroury Mohamed El
Published: November 2022

The current study is the first to use gross anatomy, light, and scanning electron microscopy to describe the oropharyngeal cavity of a bogue (Boops boops Linnaeus, 1758) fish. Fourteen 17–18 cm long bogue fish were used. The lower jaw held the lower lip, labial teeth, tongue, and pharyngeal teeth, and the oral cavity floor appeared u-shaped. The lower jaw was small and narrow in the anterior and wide in the posterior as it approached the esophagus. The lower lip carried different lengths of cilia-like projections that looked like the cactus plant arranged in transverse layers, and its apex appeared as an open rose. These cilia were encircled by ridges that looked like sea waves. The labial teeth were 15 in a row, with long roots placed beneath a pocket-like structure. Long, medium, and short pharyngeal papilliform teeth emerged on the oropharyngeal cavity floor at the level of the fourth gill arch in a small V-shaped arrangement. The tongue was smooth and small, with an apex, body, root, and lateral edges that were all clearly defined. The tongue’s apex was pointed and triangular, with a thin, transparent apical pouch around it. There was a median longitudinal fold on the dorsum of the tongue body and root. On the tongue surface, taste bud types I and II emerged. The bogue fish’s oropharyngeal cavity had unique anatomical characteristics, indicating that it was omnivorous.
Designing Tunnel Lining in Anhydritic Claystones. Intensity and Distribution of Swelling Forces
Authors: Alonso E. , Ramon-Tarragona A. , Verda L.
Published: November 2022

The measured swelling pressures against tunnel linings range between a fraction of one MPa and 6–7 MPa. A strong spatial heterogeneity is often observed. The paper integrates these considerations into a procedure to design tunnel linings in anhydritic formations. Three-dimensional effects and proper consideration of heterogeneity is shown to be consistent with monitoring data of lining reinforcement stresses. The calculation methodology is illustrated in the case of the Lilla tunnel lining, which was monitored for more than 6 years. The described procedure leads to a rational design away from the conservatism of the assumption of uniform pressures against lining and two-dimensional modelling of tunnel cross-section.
Serum and urinary carnosinase-1 correlate with kidney function and inflammation
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Cui Di , Tang Mingna , Yang Guang , Yard Benito , Hu Huaqing , Wu Yonggui , Zhang Qiu
Published: November 2022

The carnosinase dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1) gene has been reported as a susceptibility locus for the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). While the (CTG)5 allele affords protection in the Caucasian population, we have previously shown that this allele is less frequently present in the Chinese population and therefore a protective role for the (CTG)5 allele is difficult to demonstrate. In the present study, we sought to assess if carnosinase-1 (CN-1) concentrations in serum and/or urine are associated with progression of DKD and to what extent CN-1 influences diabetes-associated inflammation. From a total of 622 individuals that enrolled in our study, 247 patients had type 2 diabetes without DKD, 165 patients had DKD and 210 subjects served as healthy controls. Uni- and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify potential factors predicting urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CN-1 concentration in serum and urine. The results indicated that serum CN-1 indeed correlated with eGFR (p = 0.001). In addition, urinary CN-1 associated with eGFR and tubular injury indicator: urinary cystatin C (Cys-C) and urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP). Interestingly, serum CN-1 also positively correlated with inflammatory indicators: neutrophils and lymphocytes. With regard to this, a STZ injected C57BL/6 mice model with surgically made skin wound was established for the generation of skin inflammation. This animal model further proved that the expression of CN-1 in liver and kidney increased remarkably in diabetic mice with skin wound as compared to those without. In conclusion, serum and urinary CN-1 significantly related to the surrogates of impaired renal function in diabetic patients; besides, CN-1 expression might also be associated with the process of inflammation.
Fluctuation and change of serum urate levels and flares in gout: results from the NOR-Gout study
Authors: Uhlig T. , Karoliussen L. F. , Sexton J. , Kvien T. K. , Haavardsholm E. A. , Perez-Ruiz F. , Hammer H. B.
Published: November 2022

A gout attack may evolve after a purine-rich diet or alcohol and after starting urate-lowering therapy (ULT). The relationships between fluctuation and change in serum urate (SU) with the occurrence of flares were investigated in this study. In the prospective NOR-Gout study, gout patients with increased SU and a recent flare were treated to target with ULT over 1 year, with follow-up at year 2 with SU and flare as outcomes. SU and flares were assessed at both monthly and 3-monthly intervals until target SU was reached. Fluctuation over periods and changes in SU between two time points were assessed and compared in patients with and without flares. At year 1, 186 patients completed follow-up (88.2%) and 173 (82.0%) at year 2. Mean age (SD) at baseline was 56.4 (13.7) years, disease duration was 7.8 (7.6) years, and 95.3% were men. The first-year SU fluctuation and change were related to flare occurrence during year 1 (both p < 0.05). High fluctuation with an absolute sum of all SU changes during the first 9 months was related to flares over 3-month periods (all p < 0.05), and high fluctuation during the first 3 months was related to flares in months 3–6 (p = 0.04). Monthly and high SU changes or again reaching higher SU levels > 360 µmol/l were not related to flares. Fluctuation and change in SU were related to flare occurrence during the first year of ULT, while changes between visits and reaching SU levels > 360 µmol/L were not related to flares.

Key Points

• Urate-lowering therapy seeks to achieve a treatment target and prevent gout flares, and changes in serum urate are related to gout flares.

• Fluctuation and changes in serum urate were associated with gout flares, suggesting that fluctuation in serum urate is unfavourable during gout treatment.

• During urate-lowering therapy in gout in clinical practice, fluctuation of serum urate, for example, due to lack of adherence, should be observed and avoided.
Pattern of disease progression during third-line or later chemotherapy with nivolumab associated with poor prognosis in advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Aoki Masahiko , Kadowaki Shigenori , Takahashi Naoki , Suzuki Takeshi , Oshima Kotoe , Ando Takayuki , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kawakami Kentaro , Kito Yosuke , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Shimozaki Keitaro , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Toshifumi , Nagase Michitaka , Tamura Takao , Amanuma Yusuke , Esaki Taito , Miura Yuji , Akiyoshi Kohei , Baba Eishi , Makiyama Akitaka , Negoro Yuji , Nakashima Koji , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Nagashima Kengo , Shoji Hirokazu , Boku Narikazu
Published: November 2022

Background

Accelerated tumor growth during immunotherapy in pre-existing measurable lesions, hyperprogressive disease (HPD), has been reported. However, progression of non-measurable lesions and new lesions are frequently observed in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods

This retrospective study involved AGC patients at 24 Japanese institutions who had measurable lesions and received nivolumab after ≥ 2 lines of chemotherapy. HPD was defined as a ≥ two-fold increase in the tumor growth rate of measurable lesions. The pattern of disease progression was classified according to new lesions in different organs and ascites appeared/increase of ascites.

Results

Of 245 patients, 147 (60.0%) showed progressive disease (PD) as the best response and 41 (16.7%) showed HPD during nivolumab monotherapy. There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between patients with HPD and those with PD other than HPD (median OS 5.0 vs 4.8 months; hazard ratio [HR] 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–1.5; p = 1.0). Fifty-three patients developed new lesions in different organs and 58 had appearance/increase of ascites; these patients showed shorter OS than those without each of these features (median OS 3.3 vs 7.1 months, HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7, p = 0.0031 for new lesions, and 3.0 vs 7.8 months, HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.8–3.8, p < 0.0001 for ascites). Thirty-one patients who had both features showed the worst prognosis (median OS 2.6 months).

Conclusions

New lesions in different organs and appearance/increase of ascites, rather than the original definition of HPD, are the patterns of disease progression associated with poor prognosis in AGC patients receiving nivolumab whose best response was PD.
Detecting fake news and disinformation using artificial intelligence and machine learning to avoid supply chain disruptions
Authors: Akhtar Pervaiz , Ghouri Arsalan Mujahid , Khan Haseeb Ur Rehman , Amin ul Haq Mirza , Awan Usama , Zahoor Nadia , Khan Zaheer , Ashraf Aniqa
Published: November 2022

Fake news and disinformation (FNaD) are increasingly being circulated through various online and social networking platforms, causing widespread disruptions and influencing decision-making perceptions. Despite the growing importance of detecting fake news in politics, relatively limited research efforts have been made to develop artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) oriented FNaD detection models suited to minimize supply chain disruptions (SCDs). Using a combination of AI and ML, and case studies based on data collected from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Pakistan, we developed a FNaD detection model aimed at preventing SCDs. This model based on multiple data sources has shown evidence of its effectiveness in managerial decision-making. Our study further contributes to the supply chain and AI-ML literature, provides practical insights, and points to future research directions.
A gold nanoparticles-based lateral flow assay utilizing baculovirus expressed recombinant nucleocapsid and receptor binding domain proteins for serodetection of IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Salem Reda , Elshamy Amany M. , Kamel Noha , Younes Soha , Marie Ohoud M. , Waly Fatma R. , El-Kholy Alaa A. , Elmenofy Wael
Published: November 2022

Serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 are being utilized at an exponential rate for surveillance programs. This enterprise was designed to develop and validate a qualitative immunochromatographic test, via the Lateral Flow Assay (LFA), for detection of immunoglobulins M and G (IgM and IgG) against both nucleocapsid (N) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Both targeted proteins were cloned and expressed in baculovirus expression system utilizing insect cells Sf9. The recombinant RBD and N proteins were purified and conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to set up the coating antigens pad. Both anti-human IgG and IgM were dispensed on nitrocellulose membrane to capture human antibodies in serum samples. A home-made dispensing system was developed to draw identical test and control lines. The validity of the developed LFA was verified by testing serum samples from 103 convalescent COVID-19 patients who were PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 along with 28 control serum samples. The developed strips showed distinctive bands for IgM and IgG of both proteins (RBD and N) in positive samples. The sensitivity of RBD-based LFA was 70.9% and 39.8% for IgG and IgM, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for both. The N-based LFA exhibited a sensitivity of 73.8% and 35.9% for IgG and IgM, respectively, while its specificity was 75% and 100% for IgG and IgM, respectively. Our developed LFA could afford a tool for surveillance programs in low-resource countries. Moreover, it might be functional for rapid and inexpensive monitoring of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the sera of vaccinated individuals.
Identifying research priorities in breast cancer surgery: a UK priority setting partnership with the James Lind Alliance
Authors: Potter Shelley , Fairhurst Katherine , Cowan Katherine , Vincent Simon , Lewis Ian , Cutress Ramsey I. , Stobart Hilary , Fairbrother Patricia , Turner Sophia , Davies-Crowley Kayleigh , Jeevan Ranjeet , Rattay Tim , O’Connell Rachel , Bundred Nigel , McIntosh Stuart A.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

A James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership was developed to identify research priorities in breast cancer surgery from individuals with lived experience, at high genetic risk of breast cancer, and healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Methods

‘Uncertainties’ were collected using an online survey. Following an evidence check and development of summary questions, an interim survey asked participants to rank their top 10 research priorities from the question list. Top-ranked questions from patient/carer, high-risk and professional groups were carried forward for discussion to a final online prioritisation workshop.

Results

260 participants (101 patients/carers, 156 HCPs) submitted 940 uncertainties via the initial survey. These were analysed thematically into 128 summary questions in six topic areas. Following evidence checking, 59 questions were included in the interim survey which was completed by 572 respondents. Marked differences were seen in questions prioritised by patients/carers, HCPs and women at high-risk. The top eight priorities in patient/carer and professional groups and top two priorities for high-risk women were carried forward to the online workshop at which 22 participants discussed and agreed the final top 10. Key themes included de-escalation of breast and axillary surgery, factors impacting the development/detection of locoregional recurrence and optimal provision of support for informed treatment decision-making.

Conclusion

The top 10 research priorities in breast cancer surgery have been agreed. However, the observed differences in research priorities identified by patients and professional groups were not anticipated. Top priorities from both groups should inform future UK breast cancer surgical research, to ensure that it addresses questions that are important to breast cancer community as a whole.
Biomass partitioning and nutrient fluxes in Silphium perfoliatum and silage maize cropping systems
Authors: Ruf Thorsten , Emmerling Christoph
Published: November 2022

Cup plant cultivation as feedstock for anaerobic digestion has become an emerging topic in European Agriculture. Although there is a gap in methane yields between cup plant and the benchmark crop silage maize, cup plant as a perennial crop provides several ecological advantages. Amongst others, studies have proven its potential for carbon sequestration. With the present study, we addressed the gap in knowledge about biomass partitioning above- and belowground as well as recycling of organic matter and nutrients for cup plant and compared the results to silage maize. Therefore, a 2 year field experiment was conducted under practical conditions on rather shallow soil conditions in a low mountain landscape in Western Germany. Relevant plant fractions like litterfall, yield biomass and stubbles were collected continuously and analyzed for their nutrient contents. Results show that the cup plant is characterized by more than 2000 kg ha− 1 a− 1 of pre-harvest losses with a high palatability. In sum, only 77% of the grown cup plant biomass can be harvested in contrast to 96% of silage maize. Thus, an intense, element-specific nutrient recycling takes place in cup plant whereas this is negligible in silage maize. Furthermore, clearly different, element-specific nutrient exports with yield were highlighted. In cup plant, exports were distinctly lower for nitrogen but several times higher for calcium compared to silage maize. Cup plant also showed 36% more roots with higher root masses particularly in the subsoil.

Graphical abstract
Inter simple sequence repeats and morphological traits to identify cultivated cotton varieties (Gossypium barbadense L.) in Egypt
Authors: Zaki Hoida , Hussein Nagwa R. A.
Published: November 2022

Egyptian cultivated Cotton significantly impacted Egypt's economy, as it is well-known worldwide. This study aims to determine how much genetic and phenotypic variation exists in five different varieties of Egyptian Cotton using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) as a molecular marker and twenty-one quantitative and qualitative morphological traits as a taxonomic source in the development and evolution of this plant. Eleven ISSR primers were used, producing a total of 134 bands with a polymorphism percentage of 67%. Positive and negative significant Pearson correlations were found among the studied morphological traits in line with the phenotypic correlations in some characteristics. The genotypic correlation coefficient was higher in magnitude than that of phenotypic correlation. The five varieties were grouped into two major clusters using the UPGMA method based on morphological and ISSR analysis. The first one included G86 and G89 varieties, while the second cluster included G80 and G95; the G90 was separated from the other four varieties. This genetic relationship may be attributed to their similar ancestors. The information from this study should help with cotton breeding efforts to attain a high level of germplasm diversity and develop new high-yielding types to enhance cotton production and quality.
Framework for In Situ Measurements of Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Using a Microwave Cavity Resonator
Authors: Leusmann Yvonne , Hopkins Matthew G. , May Eric F. , Stanwix Paul L. , Richter Markus
Published: November 2022

The ability to accurately predict the behavior of multiphase fluid mixtures underpins a broad range of industrial and scientific activity. Expanding the scope and improving the performance of predictive thermodynamic models relies on the availability of accurate experimental data for the complete phase behavior of the corresponding fluid mixtures. Here, we present a novel approach to in situ measurements of heterogeneous two-phase behavior in binary fluid mixtures using a single apparatus. A modified microwave re-entrant cavity apparatus is employed to simultaneously measure the dielectric properties of the liquid and vapor as well as the quality of each phase, based on the frequency shifts caused by a heterogeneous fluid for three independent resonant modes. We report a so far unique mathematical framework to further characterize the thermophysical properties of each phase along tie lines, determining the compositions of the coexisting vapor and liquid phase as well as the vapor and liquid phase densities within the two-phase region based on the Clausius–Mossotti relation between phase dielectric properties, density, and molar polarizability. The framework was validated by comparison of the measured and predicted properties of a (0.35 propane + 0.65 carbon dioxide) mixture throughout the two-phase region along an isothermal pathway at T = 280 K. These proof-of-concept results demonstrate for the first time that thermophysical properties of a binary mixture with a known overall composition can be determined from experiments with a microwave cavity using a synthetic approach.
Determining Regional Differences in Barriers to Accessing Health Care Among Farmworkers Using the National Agricultural Workers Survey
Authors: Soto Sheila , Yoder Aaron Meck , Aceves Benjamin , Nuño Tomas , Sepulveda Refugio , Rosales Cecilia Ballesteros
Published: November 2022

Farmworkers are an essential workforce in the U.S. We assessed the regions in the National Agricultural Workers Survey on the difficulty of accessing health care among farmworkers in the U.S. The study included 9577 farmworkers. Farmworkers in all regions were more likely to report having difficulty accessing health care because it was too expensive. The overall odds ratio for difficulty accessing health care was lower in the MW after adjusting. Farmworkers employed in the SE had greater difficulty accessing health care because of language barriers. Farmworkers employed in CA had difficulty accessing health care in the U.S. because it was too expensive or far away. Results follow previous studies on barriers to access health care among the farmworker population. Understanding regional disparities in the presence of barriers to accessing health care among farmworkers is an essential step to improving equitable health care access in the U.S.
Discrete Integrable Systems and Random Lax Matrices
Authors: Grava Tamara , Gisonni Massimo , Gubbiotti Giorgio , Mazzuca Guido
Published: November 2022

We study properties of Hamiltonian integrable systems with random initial data by considering their Lax representation. Specifically, we investigate the spectral behaviour of the corresponding Lax matrices when the numberNof degrees of freedom of the system goes to infinity and the initial data is sampled according to a properly chosen Gibbs measure. We give an exact description of the limit density of states for the exponential Toda lattice and the Volterra lattice in terms of the Laguerre and antisymmetric Gaussian$$\beta $$β-ensemble in the high temperature regime. For generalizations of the Volterra lattice to short range interactions, called INB additive and multiplicative lattices, the focusing Ablowitz–Ladik lattice and the focusing Schur flow, we derive numerically the density of states. For all these systems, we obtain explicitly the density of states in the ground states.
Sex and frequency of practical work as determinants of middle-school science students’ learning environment perceptions and attitudes
Authors: Rogers Joanne R. , Fraser Barry J.
Published: November 2022

In this study of 431 Grade 9 and 10 students, we investigated gender and frequency of practical work as determinants of science students’ perceptions of their learning environment and attitudes. We assessed classroom environment with the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI) and attitudes with the Students’ Adaptive Learning Engagement in Science (SALES) questionnaire and a scale involving students’ future intentions to study science. The surveys exhibited sound factorial validity and reliability. Interesting differences were found in the learning environment and student attitudes according to student gender and three different frequencies of practical work (namely, at least once a week, once every 2 weeks, or once every 3 weeks or more). More-frequent practical work was more effective than less-frequent practical work in terms of perceived open-endedness, integration and material environment in the laboratory environment and more-positive task value and self-regulation attitudes (with modest effect sizes exceeding one-third of a standard deviation). Although small gender differences existed for some scales, increasing the frequency of practical work was not differentially effective for male and female students.
Resection extent and BRAF V600E mutation status determine postoperative tumor growth velocity in pediatric low-grade glioma: results from a single-center cohort analysis
Authors: Gorodezki David , Zipfel Julian , Queudeville Manon , Sosa Jordana , Holzer Ursula , Kern Jan , Bevot Andrea , Schittenhelm Jens , Nägele Thomas , Ebinger Martin , Schuhmann Martin U.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Despite excellent long-term overall survival rates, pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) show high variety of clinical behavior regarding progress or senescence post incomplete resection (IR). This study retrospectively analyzes tumor growth velocity (TGV) of pLGG before surgery and after IR to investigate the impact of surgical extent, tumor location and molecular BRAF status on postoperative residual tumor growth behavior.

Methods

Of a total of 172 patients with pLGG receiving surgical treatment, 107 underwent IR (66%). Fifty-three vs 94 patients could be included in the pre- and post-operative cohort, respectively, and were observed over a mean follow-up time of 40.2 vs 60.1 months. Sequential three-dimensional MRI-based tumor volumetry of a total of 407 MRI scans was performed to calculate pre- and postoperative TGV.

Results

Mean preoperative TGV of 0.264 cm3/month showed significant deceleration of tumor growth to 0.085 cm3/month, 0.024 cm3/month and −0.016 cm3/month after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd IR, respectively (p < 0.001). Results remained significant after excluding patients undergoing (neo)adjuvant treatment. Resection extent showed correlation with postoperative reduction of TGV (R = 0.97, p < 0.001). ROC analysis identified a residual cut-off tumor volume > 2.03 cm3 associated with a higher risk of progress post IR (sensitivity 78,6%, specificity 76.3%, AUC 0.88). Postoperative TGV of BRAF V600E-mutant LGG was significantly higher than of BRAF wild-type LGG (0.123 cm3/month vs. 0.016 cm3/month, p = 0.047).

Conclusion

This data suggests that extensive surgical resection may impact pediatric LGG growth kinetics post incomplete resection by inducing a significant deceleration of tumor growth. BRAF-V600E mutation may be a risk factor for higher postoperative TGV.
On multivariate orthogonal polynomials and elementary symmetric functions
Authors: Bracciali Cleonice F. , Piñar Miguel A.
Published: November 2022

We study families of multivariate orthogonal polynomials with respect to the symmetric weight function indvariables$$\begin{aligned} B_{\gamma }(\mathtt {x}) = \prod \limits _{i=1}^{d} \omega (x_{i}) \prod \limits _{i<j} |x_{i}-x_{j}|^{2\gamma +1}, \quad \mathtt {x}\in (a,b)^{d}, \end{aligned}$$Bγ(x)=∏i=1dω(xi)∏i-1$$γ>-1, where$$\omega (t)$$ω(t)is an univariate weight function in$$t \in (a,b)$$t∈(a,b)and$$\mathtt {x} = (x_{1},x_{2}, \ldots , x_{d})$$x=(x1,x2,…,xd)with$$x_{i} \in (a,b)$$xi∈(a,b). Applying the change of variables$$x_{i},$$xi,$$i=1,2,\ldots ,d,$$i=1,2,…,d,into$$u_{r},$$ur,$$r=1,2,\ldots ,d$$r=1,2,…,d, where$$u_{r}$$uris ther-th elementary symmetric function, we obtain the domain region in terms of the discriminant of the polynomials having$$x_{i},$$xi,$$i=1,2,\ldots ,d,$$i=1,2,…,d,as its zeros and in terms of the corresponding Sturm sequence. Choosing the univariate weight function as the Hermite, Laguerre, and Jacobi weight functions, we obtain the representation in terms of the variables$$u_{r}$$urfor the partial differential operators such that the respective Hermite, Laguerre, and Jacobi generalized multivariate orthogonal polynomials are the eigenfunctions. Finally, we present explicitly the partial differential operators for Hermite, Laguerre, and Jacobi generalized polynomials, for$$d=2$$d=2and$$d=3$$d=3variables.
Normative relations, mind points and social ontology
Authors: Esfeld Michael , Köstner Guillaume
Published: November 2022

The paper spells out an argument to the effect that rejecting what Sellars denounces as the “myth of the given” has a bearing not only on epistemology, but also on ontology: we get to recognizing persons as ontologically primitive. We spell that argument out by drawing on what is known as left-wing Sellarsianism, although our aim is not the exegesis of Sellars’s texts. Our aim is to show how one can get from this argument to a social ontology in the guise of a synoptic view that recognizes both persons and matter in motion as ontologically primitive and that employs the conceptual tools of ontic structural realism.
The Impact of Phenotypic Heterogeneity on Chemotactic Self-Organisation
Authors: Macfarlane Fiona R. , Lorenzi Tommaso , Painter Kevin J.
Published: November 2022

The capacity to aggregate through chemosensitive movement forms a paradigm of self-organisation, with examples spanning cellular and animal systems. A basic mechanism assumes a phenotypically homogeneous population that secretes its own attractant, with the well known system introduced more than five decades ago by Keller and Segel proving resolutely popular in modelling studies. The typical assumption of population phenotypic homogeneity, however, often lies at odds with the heterogeneity of natural systems, where populations may comprise distinct phenotypes that vary according to their chemotactic ability, attractant secretion, etc. To initiate an understanding into how this diversity can impact on autoaggregation, we propose a simple extension to the classical Keller and Segel model, in which the population is divided into two distinct phenotypes: those performing chemotaxis and those producing attractant. Using a combination of linear stability analysis and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that switching between these phenotypic states alters the capacity of a population to self-aggregate. Further, we show that switching based on the local environment (population density or chemoattractant level) leads to diverse patterning and provides a route through which a population can effectively curb the size and density of an aggregate. We discuss the results in the context of real world examples of chemotactic aggregation, as well as theoretical aspects of the model such as global existence and blow-up of solutions.
The bioeconomy and its untenable growth promises: reality checks from research
Authors: Eversberg Dennis , Holz Jana , Pungas Lilian
Published: November 2022

This paper starts out from the observation that recent official bioeconomy strategies and policy concepts are markedly more moderate in their promises of economic growth compared to the high-flying expectations of a ‘biotech revolution’ promoted around the turn of the millennium. We argue that this stepwise process of moderation is partly due to a series of ‘reality checks’ to which various strands of research on the bioeconomy have (willingly or unwillingly) subjected these promises, forcing governments to move away from visions exposed as unrealistic and to adopt more humble ones. We identify four such ‘reality checks’, originating from research on (a) bioeconomy discourses and knowledges, (b) contestation and power dynamics among actors and competing interests in bioeconomy politics and policymaking, as well as on (c) the economic and (d) biophysical dimensions of existing bio-based economies. In conclusion, we argue that bioeconomy research should adopt a broader perspective that considers transitions toward bio-based processes and resources as but one element in a comprehensive social–ecological transformation of current modes of production and living, and that understanding the dynamics of societal conflict around that transformation is crucial for assessing the social possibility of bioeconomy visions.
Lingering SARS-CoV-2 in Gastric and Gallbladder Tissues of Patients with Previous COVID-19 Infection Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Hany Mohamed , Zidan Ahmed , Gaballa Muhammad , Ibrahim Mohamed , Agayby Ann Samy Shafiq , Abouelnasr Anwar Ashraf , Sheta Eman , Torensma Bart
Published: November 2022

Background

Lingering severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in gut tissue might be a source of infection during bariatric surgery. This study aimed to confirm the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid in gastric and gallbladder tissues removed during bariatric surgery in individuals previously infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who had negative polymerase chain reaction results prior to the surgery.

Methods

Gastric and gallbladder specimens from 80 patients who underwent bariatric surgery between November 2021 and May 2022 and had a history of COVID-19 infection with gastrointestinal symptoms were examined for the presence of lingering SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins using immunohistochemistry.

Results

Gastric specimens from 26 (32.5%) patients and 4 (100%) cholecystectomy specimens showed positive cytoplasmic staining for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in surface mucosal epithelial cells. The mean age was 37.8 ± 10.3 years. The average body mass index was 44.2 ± 7.0 kg/m2; most of the patients were females (71.3%). The positive staining group was significantly younger than the negative staining group (p = 0.007). The full-dose vaccination rate was 58.8%, with a median of 91 days after the last vaccine dose. A positive serological anti-spike IgG response was observed in 99% of the patients. The median time between initial COVID-19 infection and surgery was 274 and 380 days in the positive and negative staining groups, respectively (p = 0.371).

Conclusion

Gastric and gallbladder tissues can retain SARS-CoV-2 particles for a long time after COVID-19 infection, handling stomach specimens from patients during an operation must be done with care, as we usually do, but now with the knowledge that in 1/3 of patients they can be present. Performing LSG on post-COVID patients did not seem to increase perioperative morbidity.

Graphical Abstract