bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Mollusca Distribution Patterns (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) In the North of Poncan Gadang Island, Sibolga City North Sumatera Province
Authors: Saputra Royan , Zulkifli Zulkifli , Nasution Syafruddin
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted in July-August 2019 in the northern part of the Poncan Gadang Island Sibolga, North Sumatra Province. This study discusses the distribution and distribution patterns of molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) which contain species, density, and species discussed in the northern part of Poncan Gadang Island, North Sumatra Province. The method used is a survey method, where the research location is divided into 5 observation stations and each station consists of 1 transect and each transect consists of 4 maps. The results showed that the type of gastropods found in the study site consisted of 11 species belonging to 6 families. Gastropod species that are commonly found are Littorina littorea. While the type of bivalves that were found at the study site consisted of 9 species belonging to 6 families, and the bivalves species that were found were Anadara granosa. Highest density at station III in the river mouth. Various index (H ') of gastropods and bivalves in all research stations are included in the medium category. Distribution Patterns both gastropods and bivalves are distributed in groups. The index value of approved gastropod and bivalve types (Ss) can be requested types which are found to be quite the same. The substrate at the study site was approved by the sand substrate. The density of both gastropods and bivalves were not significantly different between stations.
Structure Community and Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera in the Waters of Bagan Tanjungbalai Village Asahan Regency North Sumatera Province
Authors: Pohan Rizal Suardiman , Rifardi Rifardi , Efriyeldi Efriyeldi
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted in March 2019 in the waters of Bagan Tanjungbalai Village Asahan Regency North Sumatera Province. The purpose of the study were to analyze the community  structure and distribution of benthic foraminifera. Determination of the research was purposive sampling of 4 station with 3 sampling points where the distance each sampling point was 50 meters wich were based on the initial sampling point. In the study area were found 24 species of foraminifera.  The study showed that composition of sediment organic matter involved 4.97 - 15.26%, while the abundance of benthic foraminifera was between 13690 - 28571 ind/m2. Defferences of the abundance of benthic foraminifera at each station obtained a significant value of 0.01 or p < 0.05, which means a difference the abundance of  benthic foraminifera beetwen stations,but not significant. While the relative abundance between sampling is only 0.15-21.00%, while the relative sedimentation rate between sampling is 15.38 - 33.02%.
Distribution of Microplastic at Sediments in the Coast of Bungus Bay Padang West Sumatera Province
Authors: Islami Muhammad Dinul , Elizal Elizal , Siregar Yusni Ikhwan
Published: May 2022

This research was carried out in July to August 2019. It aimed to learn the shape and the abundance of microplastics in the coastal area of Bungus Bay, West Sumatra Province. Survey method was applied and PVC pipe was used to collect sediment samples from three different stations with three sampling points on each station. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics were significantly different between stations, except at different sediment depths and tidal zones (it ranged from 191.11 - 301.11; 221.48 - 236.30; and 226.67 - 231.11 particles per kg of dry sediments consecutively). In addition, the microplastic with fiber type was higher than the two other types, such as films and fragments.
Potential of Bahari, Tiram Beach Ecotourism Padang Pariaman District, West Sumatera Province
Authors: Devano Rigo , Yoswaty Dessy , Nasution Syafruddin
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted in April 2020 at Tiram Beach, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra Province. This study aims to determine/identify the tourism objects of Tiram Beach which are the attractions of marine ecotourism, to determine the public perception of the Tiram Beach ecotourism activities and to analyze the supporting factors for ecotourism activities on Tiram Beach. The method used in this study is a survey method and filling out a questionnaire. The research location is divided into 3 station points, namely Station I on the edge of the river estuary, Station II near the entrance to Tiram Beach, and Station III in the mangrove area. The results showed thatTiram Beach has great potential and opportunity to be developed as a marine ecotourism area. The natural beauty that is still original and natural makes a great opportunity to make Tiram Beach a marine ecotourism area. Based on the tourism suitability index, suitability value for beach tourism activities Oyster included in the very suitable category (S1), with values ??ranging from 84.52-95.23% and the average value is 88.09%. This value makes Tiram Beach a marine ecotourism.
Effect of Sediment Particle Sizes on The Density and Morphometrics of Seagrass Enhalus acoroides Leaves at Pandaratan Beach Tapanuli Tengah
Authors: Banjarnahor Novia , Samiaji Joko , Nasution Syafruddin
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted in March - May 2020 at Pandaratan Beach Tapanuli Tengah with the aims in observing the size of the sediment particles, the density of Enhalus acoroides, the morphometrics of seagrass leaves, and to analyze the effect of the average sediment particle size on the density and morphometrics of the seagrass leaves. The study used a survey method. Study stations were choosen by purposive sampling and the samples were observed by using a transect line method. The results showed that the particle size ranged from 0.097 - 0.364 mm. The highest density was at Station II with fine sand categories with a value of 37.89 stands/m2 and the lowest density was at Station I with medium sand sediment particles with a value of 25.44 stands/m2. The longest leaves was  found at Station II with a value of 84.09 cm and the shortest was at Station I with a value of 65.93 cm. The widest leaves of E. acoroides was at Station II with a value of 1.92 cm and the narrowest was at Station I with a value of 1.81 cm. Simple linear regression test showed that effect of the sediment partikel size on the density and morphometrics of seagrass leaves.
Study of Fishing Ground Determination Based on Chlorophyll-a Distribution in Sibolga Waters using Aqua Modis Satellite
Authors: Pasaribu Parlin S , Mubarak Mubarak , Galib Musrifin
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determinate the fishing ground, based on chlorophyll-a distribution in Sibolga marine waters every month throughout 2019 using Aqua Modis Satellite. The method used in was survey method and room analysis method to know directly of fishing ground determined by fisherman and to analysed satellite aqua modis imagery. The water quality measurements were carried out to describe of general conditions research area. The parmeters measured include water temperature, water transparency, salinity, ph, depth and current. Sibolga sea surface temperature ranges from 26-300C, water transparency ranges from 170-210 cm. water salinity ranges between 26-29 ppt, the degree of acidity (ph) ranges from 6,8-8. The depth ranges from 15-22 m,  and current velocity 0.21-0.40 m/s. Based on the results it is known that the chlorophyll-a concentration a ranges from 0.001 to 5,000 mg/m3. Highest chlorophyll-a concentration occurs in October with a range of 3,500 to 5,000 mg/m3, while the lowest chlorophyll-a concentration occurred in February with a range 0,001 to 0,500 mg/m3. Based on the chlorophyll-a average troughout the year the potential for fishing ground is in Sorkam and Kolang water.
Overview of Indicator Coral Fish in Poncan Islands, Sibolga, North Sumatra
Authors: Pratama Nanda , Samiaji Joko , Thamrin Thamrin
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of coral reef conditions on the abundance of coral reef fish indicators of the Chaetodontidae family and to be compared descriptively. This research was conducted in February-April 2020 in Poncan Island coast, Sibolga City, North Sumatra Province. The method used in this research was a survey method, the data obtained directly on site in the form of primary data, while the secondary data was collected from the related institutions and references. The method for quantifying the number of fish used was Underwater Visual Census (UVC), for collecting data on coral reef fish indicators was using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method supported by SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus). The results showed that the abundance of coral reef fish indicators for the Chaetodontidae family and coral reefs were in the average of 0-0.052 individuals/m2. The lowest abundance was found at stations 1 and 5, while the highest abundance was seen at station 2 with an average of 0.0248 individuals/m2. The abundance of live coral ranged from 5 - 51.8%. The lowest abundance was at station 1 and the highest was at station 4 with an average abundance of 30.804% which is categorized as moderate. The abundance of indicator reef fish in the waters of Poncan Island was influenced by the condition of coral reefs where in this study the abundance of live coral reefs was less than 23.02%. There was no indicator reef fish at the station.
Analysis of Potential Development of Bahari, Muara Nauli Beach, Central Tapanuli District, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Kurnia Fadly Agra , Samiaji Joko , Yoswaty Dessy
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted in November 2019 at Muara Nauli Beach, Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province. With the aims to determine the potential of marine ecotourism at Muara Nauli Beach and its development strategy. The method used in this study was a survey method by collecting qualitative and quantitative data in the form of interviews, questionnaires and direct measurement. The research location was divided into 3 station points, namely Station I near the river estuary, Station II where swimming and relaxing activities are located, Station III is located at the location of tourist facilities. The results showed that the tourism suitability index, the suitability value for tourism activities at Muara Nauli Beach, were in the very suitable category (S1), with values ??ranging from 96.43-97.61% and an average value of 97.22%. This value was included in the very suitable category as ecotourism and can be used as marine ecotourism. Muara Nauli Beach has an attraction of natural beauty in the forms of white sand, turbid blue waters, spot for swimming activities. Muara Nauli Beach also has a large and beautiful estuary that can be used for fishing and a spot for taking pictures and viewing of the sunset. The natural beauty makes a great opportunity for Muara Nauli Beach to be developed as a marine ecotourism area.
Biodegradability of Proteolytic Bacteria in Mangrove Ecosystems
Authors: Claudia Kristiwany Mayneke , Nursyirwani Nursyirwani , Effendi Irwan
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to awareness the optimal time for the growth of proteolytic bacteria in producing the protease enzyme and determine the effectiveness of the protease enzyme from proteolytic bacteria in degrading mangrove litter. The method used was the experimental method by using two proteolytic bacteria isolates, namely Bacillus manliponensis (K6) and Bacillus toyonensis (K20). This method used one treatment for each proteolytic bacterial isolate, namely the addition of different extract containing protease enzyme (0%, 25%, and 50%) with three replications. Measurement of bacterial growth was carried out every 6 hours for 24 hours using Total Plate Count (TPC) and spectrophotometric method. B. manliponensis and B. toyonensis have enzyme activity as indicate by the presence of a clear zone on Zobell Marine Agar 2216 and skim milk 1%. The growth bacteria based on the TPC measurement was directly proportional to the spectrophotometric measurement results. The highest bacterial count was (1.39 x 108 CFU's/ml) K6 bacteria and (1.52 x 108 CFU's/ml) K20 bacteria. The results of the measurement of cell growth in the spectrophotometric method occurred at the 6th hour, namely 10.36 x 108 CFU's/ml (K6 bacteria) and 10.97 x 108 CFU's/ml (K20 bacteria). The optimum time of the protease enzyme occurred at 6 hours, which was 0.0258 mg/ml (K6 bacteria) and 0.0262 mg/ml (K20 bacteria). The highest dissolved protein content was obtained at the 50% dose of 0.054 mg/ml (K6 bacteria) and 0.055 mg/ml (K20 bacteria), while the lowest was at 0%, namely 0.050 mg/ml (K6 bacteria) and 0.051 mg/ml (K20 bacteria)
The Structure of Macrozoobenthos Community in the Intertidal Zone of Api-Api Village Waters, Bandar Laksamana District, Bengkalis
Authors: Sari Nova Iman , Nasution Syafruddin , Efriyeldi Efriyeldi
Published: May 2022

This research aims to analyze the structure of macrozoobenthos community in the intertidal zone of Api-Api Village waters, Bandar Laksamana District, Bengkalis regency. There were 5 subzones determined as the observation areas. Each subzone consists of 5 subplots which taken parallel to the coast with a distance of 10 meters from each subplot. The types of macrozoobenthos found consisted of 4 classes, 19 families, and 23 species. The diversity index for each subzone ranged from 2.72 to 3.55, species uniformity index ranged from 0.78-0.91 and dominance index ranged from 0.11-0.19, with the criteria of a uniform distribution pattern. The highest macrozoobenthos density was in subzone 1 with a total density of 19.6 ind/m2, while the lowest was in subzone 4 with a total density of 10.6 ind/m2. The result of statistical tests using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a confidence interval of 95% (? = 0.05), showed that macrozoobenthos density in subzone 1,2,3,4 and 5 was not significant in different (P = 0.824), which means that there was no real different density that five subzones
Grey literature: Additional source facilitating a balanced view of evidence
Authors: Poudel Prakash , Dahal Sirjana
Published: May 2022

Not applicable.
Perinatal mortality trend and classification of causes at a tertiary care centre of western Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Junu , Basnet Sahisnuta , Pandey Chandani , Thapa Sudiksha
Published: May 2022

Background: Identifying causes of perinatal death is important to reduce perinatal mortality rate.
Objectives: To determine trend of perinatal mortality rate (PMR), ascertain causes, and find out changes in causes of death over period of seven years.
Methods: This retrospective study, conducted after ethical approval, included stillbirths and early neonatal deaths at Manipal teaching hospital from April 2014 to April 2021, after 28 weeks of gestation or of foetuses weighing more than 1000 grams. Perinatal mortality rate of each year was calculated. Cause of death was assigned according to International Classification of Disease – Perinatal Mortality classification. Data analysis was done to find out trends and causes of perinatal mortality using SPSS v.21. Frequency and percentages were used to calculate causes of deaths.
Results: Perinatal mortality rate decreased from 35.5 to 21.1 per 1000 births over seven years. Antepartum hypoxia (103, 45%) was commonest cause of antepartum deaths, commonly associated with maternal medical conditions. This remained as main cause of antepartum death over years. Acute intrapartum events resulted in three-fourths of intrapartum deaths; were associated with complications of labour and delivery. Decline in this has resulted in overall decrease in intrapartum deaths. Low birth weight and prematurity (73, 42.2%) was the common cause of neonatal deaths and has remained same over years.
Conclusion: Perinatal mortality has decreased over years. Antepartum hypoxia as cause of antepartum deaths and prematurity as cause of neonatal deaths remained same over years. There is decrease in intrapartum deaths due to declining acute intrapartum events.
Assessment of poisoning survivor cases at a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Shakya Arbin , Acharya Jenash , Ranjitkar Malshree , Lama Geshu , Pandey Anwit Raj , KC Aashish
Published: May 2022

Background: Poisoning is one of the most common causes of increased morbidity and mortality worldwide and also one of the common causes of Emergency Department visits. It has now become a major public health issue. 
Objectives: To assess the poisoning survivor cases and various associated parameters like most common poison, the circumstance of poisoning, age and gender distribution, and triggering factors.
Methods: A retrospective study was done in 94 cases of poisoning, from whom reliable history could be obtained, admitted to Kathmandu Medical College, over the period of 12 months, from April 2019 to March 2020. After obtaining ethical clearance secondary data were collected from the medicolegal examination reports. The data were entered and analysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.18.
Results: Majority of the victims were females (9, 62.8%), mostly homemakers (31, 33%). The mean age of the population was 30.35 ± 13.48 years and median age 26 years. Organophosphorus was the most frequent agent (44, 46.8%). The commonest triggering factor was a quarrel with family members (56, 65.1%) and in most cases the agent was already present in their home. The act of poisoning was impulsive in these cases. 
Conclusion: In this study, the most common agent causing poisoning was still organophosphorus which was already present in their homes. Most poisoning cases were intentional. Females especially homemakers were the most common victims. Cases of poisoning can be reduced if the authorities properly monitor the buying and selling of these common agents of poisoning.
Steroid injection in Orthopaedics: Does addition of lidocaine actually reduce pain?
Authors: Khanal Krishna Raj , Pradhan Rabindra Lal , Pandey Bimal Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background: Local corticosteroid preparations are conventionally mixed with local anaesthetic agents to reduce pain during injection for various soft tissue affections in Orthopaedics. Although it can anaesthetise the area after injection, the infiltration process itself can be more painful because of low pH of the lidocaine.
Objectives: To assess whether addition of lidocaine actually reduces pain during local steroid injection.
Methods: This was a prospective comparative study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College over a period of nine months from June 2020 to February 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance. Patients requiring local corticosteroid injection for various indications in Orthopaedics were included by convenience sampling and divided into two groups. Out of 147 patients, 75 received steroid with lidocaine and 72 with normal saline. The Visual Analogue Score was recorded immediately along with injection in a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 meant no pain at all and 10 meant maximum pain imaginable. The difference in median Visual Analogue Score and the mean cost of injection between two groups was compared. Findings were analysed using SPSS v.20.
Results: Median Visual Analogue Score in lidocaine group was 5 whereas in normal saline group was 4 (p-value = 0.33, Mann-Whitney U test). The mean cost of injection in lidocaine and normal saline groups were Nepali Rupees  339.3 ± 37.7 and 282.3 ± 36.7 respectively (p <0.001, Student’s t-test)
Conclusion: Removal of lidocaine from steroid preparations in orthopaedics does not make it more painful if not less. It also reduces the cost of injection.
Clinical perspective of myths about oral health in patients visiting tertiary hospital in eastern Nepal: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Yadav Ajit , Giri Dhirendra Kumar , Subedi Krishna
Published: May 2022

Background: Nepalese population consists of people from different cultural backgrounds having strong influence of the various myths on health seeking behaviour. Myths are defined as stories shared by a group of people which are a part of their cultural identity. They have a strong influence in the life of individuals and their way of living including seeking treatment during illness.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of myths related to oral health.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Nobel Medical College and Teaching hospital after obtaining ethical clearance from January 2021 to March 2021 using convenience sampling technique. Patients above 15 years visiting dental OPD were included and refused to participate were excluded. SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: There were total 250 participants: 103 (41.2%) male and 147 (58.8%) female with mean age 34.43 ± 10.75 years and ranging from 18 to 62 years. Among the participants, 178 (72.1%) regarded fomentation of swelling with hot water while 72 (21.9%) were against it. Among all the participants 36 (14.4%) supported that there was presence of worm in decayed tooth whereas 214 (85.6%) were against it.
Conclusion: The prevalence of myths about dentistry was high among study population which could be associated with poor early health seeking behaviour and poor compliance with treatment.
Ocular morbidity among school children of Pokhara valley
Authors: Gurung Jamuna , Tuladhar Sarita , Poudel Renu , Joshi Kripa , Singh Priyanka
Published: May 2022

Background: Ocular morbidity is common among school going children. The uncorrected refractive error is an important cause of childhood blindness and visual impairment. School based eye screening programs help to identify the ocular abnormalities so that early intervention can be done and prevent children from permanent visual disability.
Objectives: This research was done to find the prevalence of ocular morbidity and their pattern among primary school children of Pokhara Valley, Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children of three primary schools of Pokhara Valley from January to March 2021. Children who needed further evaluation were referred to ophthalmology department, Gandaki Medical College. After the ethical clearance from the institutional review committee, 1034 children were taken by convenient sampling method. Visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, extraocular motility, cover test, anterior and posterior segment findings were documented in predesigned proforma. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval along with frequency and proportion were calculated. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: A total 1034 children between 5-16 years were examined. Ocular morbidity was observed in 181 (17.5%) at 95% confidence interval (15.4-18.6). The mean age of children with ocular morbidity was 12.33 ± 2.39 years with male to female ratio of 1.18:1. The common type of ocular morbidity was refractive error 107 (10.35%), conjunctivital diseases 35 (3.38%) and eyelid diseases 26 (2.5%). Myopia 83 (8.02%) was the most common type of refractive error.
Conclusion: Refractive error was the commonest form of ocular morbidity among school children.
Use of herbal products and dietary supplements and its perception among people during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Acharya Anna , Vaidya Shrestha Marina , Bhattarai Ashish Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background: In Nepal herbal medicines are popular and are used along with or instead of allopathic medicines. Scarcity of efficient and new pharmacological treatment and vaccine for COVID-19 has made people find alternative ways to prevent or treat the disease, including measures like use of herbal products. Evidence-based use of herbal products should be implemented to ensure patient safety.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of use of herbal products during COVID-19 and to find patients perception regarding their use.
Methods: A descriptive online cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Nepali population from 5th February to 6th June 2021 after ethical clearance at Kathmandu Medical College. Convenience sampling was used to request 292 adults who could be traced through social media, living in Nepal, one member from one household were included. Participants unable to respond to English were excluded. Questionnaires consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, use of herbal products, Likert scale to measure perception was used. Data were transferred into Excel sheet and exported to SPSS v.20 for analysis.
Results: Prevalence of use of herbal products during COVID-19 was 206 (70.5%). Most common used products were Lime, Turmeric, Ginger, Honey, and Garlic. Of all, 95 (32.5%) respondents indicated that they preferred herbal products over prescription medicine for prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Conclusion: The prevalence of use of herbal products was high during the COVID-19 pandemic and almost half of the participants had perception that compared to prescription medicines herbal products were safer, had less adverse effects and were of better quality.
Measurement of quadriceps strength among patients of Dhulikhel hospital following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Adhikari Umesh , Thapa Barsha , Shrestha Rajan
Published: May 2022

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament is the key structure of the knee joint. Quadriceps weakness in the involved leg is frequently seen in the rehabilitation setting even when an individual returns to their functional activity.
Objectives: To measure the quadriceps strength following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and evaluate the functional activity level.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients visiting physiotherapy outpatient department of Dhulikhel hospital between 2nd May 2019 to 4th May 2020. Nonprobability purposive sampling was used for the study. Participants with a history of primary unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction no less than six months were recruited for the study. Study excluded other lower limb surgeries, anterior cruciate ligament reinjury, multiligament injury, and pregnant women. Quadriceps muscle strength was assessed by using a handheld dynamometer, MicroFET2 and functional activity level with Lysholm scale. Independent sample t-test was done to assess the association between quadriceps strength and different variables.
Results: Quadriceps strength deficit in an involved limb was 17.5% and mean length physiotherapy follow up was 11.7 ± 5.9 days in six months. Quadriceps strength was significantly different between genders. There was no statistical significance between quadriceps strength and body mass index. Higher quadriceps strength had greater levels of function.
Conclusion: Quadriceps strength deficit was found after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Functional activity was affected even after an individual returned to their normal daily activities.
Paper Mills for research writing and publication: A threat to the integrity of science
Authors: Shah Jay , Shah Jenifei
Published: May 2022

The reliability of publication affects evidence-based science. In recent years, science has come under increasing scrutiny for its trustworthiness because of the misconduct of a few researchers, authors, and publishers involved in the unethical behaviour of research writing and publication. There has been an exponential increase in research output worldwide, and many publications are of questionable credibility due to “Paper Mills.” These are profit-oriented, illegal, and unethical organisations working in the shadow to produce papers on demand, or sell readymade papers for a price. All stakeholders: researchers, authors, readers, journal publishers, and all of the academia need to be aware of “Paper Mills” to minimise scientific misconduct.
Sex determination using mesiodistal width of permanent maxillary molar
Authors: Dahal Samarika , Baral Radha , Gupta Sanjay Prasad , Chaudhary Gopal Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background: Teeth are valuable material for forensic investigations since they are the strong and stable human tissue that is resistant to physical damage. Sex determination, which is usually the first stage in the human identification process, is one of the essential criteria of biological identity.
Objectives: To evaluate the potential of mesiodistal width of permanent maxillary molar in sex determination.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was done in 120 dental casts prepared for different dental treatment purposes in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal from 5th October, 2021 to 5th November, 2021. Convenience sampling technique was used. The mesiodistal dimension of the permanent maxillary molar was measured with the help of a digital vernier caliper (Digimatic Eco, Precise, India). The data were entered in a Microsoft Excel sheet and analysed statistically using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistics Version 21.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 21.05 ± 5.64 years. The mesiodistal dimension of maxillary first molar in males and females were not statistically significant on both the right and the left sides of the jaw. The sexual dimorphism percentage was 0.893% and 0.606% in right and left maxillary first molar respectively. Similarly, the frequency was 0.018 and 0.267 in right and left maxillary first molar respectively.
Conclusion: Mesiodistal dimension of maxillary first molar did not significantly differ between the right and left sides of the jaw. This study could not establish sexual dimorphism among the right and left sides of the jaw.
Level of glycosylated haemoglobin in the first trimester in cases of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gautam Pratigyan , Saha Rachana , Maharjan Sujata , Bhusal Surendra
Published: May 2022

Background: Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level during early pregnancy has been proposed as a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Objectives: To determine the mean value of first trimester’s glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in gestational diabetes mellitus cases.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among GDM cases at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Kathmandu Medical College after ethical clearance. Purposive sampling was done to enrol 102 cases that presented over a period of August 2020 to January 2021. First trimester HbA1c levels were recorded. The HbA1c values were grouped into two taking 5.7% as a cut-off which is an established threshold for prediabetes in a normal population.
Results: The mean age of participants was 28.74 ± 4.1 years and mean body mass index was 29.13 ± 2.73 kg/m2. Mean value of HbA1c was 5.52 ± 0.44%. Mean value of fasting blood glucose and postprandial glucose after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was 102.25 ± 7.36 mg/dl and 167.55 ± 10.91 mg/dl respectively. Out of total participants, only 40 (39.21%) had HbA1c value more than 5.7% while 62 (60.78%) had HbA1c value less than 5.7%. There was weak positive correlation between HbA1c and Fasting Blood Glucose (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.13). Similarly, correlation between HbA1c and blood sugar after OGTT (r = 0.17) was also insignificant.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the HbA1c value of first trimester is not very different than normal population. Hence, diabetic range of HbA1c value in first trimester is useful in diagnosing overt diabetes.
Evaluation of e-Government Information and Services among Students in the City of Wroclaw
Authors: Abrahamyan Satine
Published: May 2022

Undoubtedly, information and communication technologies (ICT) have brought tangible changes not only in the way people communicate on an interpersonal level but also with government offices. Hence, ICT are an enabling tool for the state government to rebuild its relations with citizens by providing better and easier access to the government-related information and services. The efficiency of ICT is acknowledged by almost all states and actions are taken to establish robust e-government system. Surveys, exploring benefits of the implementation of e-government, basically reach to positive conclusions about the consequences of implementation of e-government. It is argued that e-government influences reduction of administrative burden, decrease of repetition of the same administrative procedure, increase financial benefits for the state and citizens. Moreover, e-government increases satisfaction from the government by providing less timeconsuming, easy and cheap e-services. However, currently there is still scarcity of data to what extent citizens are satisfied with e-government information and services based on the above-mentioned criteria. With the purpose of assessing the quality of e-information and e-services and satisfaction with them among the students an online survey has been run. 100 participants, studying at the University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business evaluated their access to e-information and e-services used by them on e-government website. The survey shows that most of therespondents are somewhat satisfied with e-information found on the local government website. When it comes to evaluation of e-services by three criteria; time effectiveness, cost effectiveness and user-friendliness(easiness), most of the respondents are not sure that e-services are less timeconsuming or cheap compared to offline ones, while most of them find e-services quite easy to get.
On the nature of X(6900) and other structures in the LHCb di-j/ψ spectrum
Authors: Liang Ze-Rui , Yao De-Liang
Published: May 2022

The LHCb di-J/ψ spectrum is studied within the framework of effective field theory with four coupled channels {J/ψJ/ψ, J/ψψ(2S), J/ψψ(3770), ψ(2S)ψ(2S)}, in order to unveil possible underlying fully-charmed tetraquark states. The partial-wave analysis is performed properly, and the unitarity of the scattering amplitudes is restored via Bethe-Salpeter equation under on-shell approximation. Four states are found in the energy region [6.2 GeV, 7.6 GeV]. For the partial wave with quantum numbers 0 ++, a bound state X(6200) and a narrow resonance X(7200) can be dynamically generated, while for the 2 ++ partial wave, two different resonant states, one named X(6900) with a narrow width and the other X(6680) with a broad width, can be found. Our results of the mass and width of X(6900) agree well with the experimental ones given by the LHCb collaboration. Furthermore, our findings shed first light on the determination of the J P C quantum numbers of these states
Exérese de carcinoma hepatocelular e leiomiossarcoma vaginal em uma cadela: Relato de caso
Authors: Camelo Júnior Francisco de Assis Araújo , Santana Gabriela Morais , Magnabosco Mariana Wilhelm , Freitas Vitória Ramos de , Felipe Mical Cipriano , Robaldo Guilherme Ferreira , Fadrique Fabiane de Holleben Camozzato , Grecco Fabiane Borelli , Vives Patrícia Silva
Published: May 2022

As neoplasias hepatobiliares em cães e gatos são incomuns e representam cerca de 2,6% a 5,5% de todos os tumores em cães, enquanto que os tumores vaginais correspondem de 2,4 a 4,6% de toda a rotina oncológica no trato reprodutor feminino. Devido as alterações clínicas serem inespecíficas, o diagnóstico definitivo de Carcinoma Hepatocelular (CHC) requer avaliação dos exames complementares, biópsia hepática e avaliação histopatológica. O diagnóstico de leiomiossarcoma vaginal deve ser baseado no histórico e sinais clínicos, associando ao resultado da palpação vaginal, exame citológico e anatomopatológico. Ambas as enfermidades apresentam resultados favoráveis a reservados dependendo da morfologia tumoral, quando associados com a ressecção cirúrgica e não havendo presença metástases. No presente relato a paciente apresentou uma neoformação hepática identificada no ultrassom abdominal e uma recidiva de tumor vaginal. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso de exérese de carcinoma hepatocelular e leiomiossarcoma vaginal em uma cadela atendida no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal de Pelotas.
Técnica de Hulse modificada para estabilização intra-articular do joelho de cães: 15 casos
Authors: Libardoni Renato do Nascimento , Mattos Natália Fantinel de , Libardoni Roberta do Nascimento , Spengler Andressa , Bernicker Emanuel Tres , Suder Amanda , Costa Roberta Anelise Angnes da , Bello Lucas Krusch , Rodrigues Laura Beatriz
Published: May 2022

A doença do ligamento cruzado cranial associada ou não a outras afeções é uma das causas mais comuns de claudicação e dor no joelho de cães. Nesse estudo, foi realizado uma análise retrospectiva de 15 casos atendidos na rotina do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Passo Fundo que foram encaminhados para a realização de procedimento cirúrgico como tratamento e correção da afecção no período de janeiro de 2015 a agosto de 2018. Os animais foram submetidos a técnica de Hulse modificada, a qual utiliza um retalho de fáscia lata para a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado cranial. Conclui-se que com a técnica de Hulse modificada foi possível intervir cirurgicamente cães de pequeno e grande porte, apresentando bom retorno funcional dos membros.
Osteossíntese de fratura/luxação lombossacra com pinos de Schanz pediculares associados ao polimetilmetacrilato em sete cães
Authors: Yaekashi Karina Ayaka , Arias Mônica Vicky Bahr
Published: May 2022

A fratura/luxação lombossacra é uma afecção traumática da coluna vertebral relativamente comum em cães e que apresenta certa peculiaridade em sua conformação, pois na maioria das vezes há fratura oblíqua do corpo vertebral de L7 e deslocamento cranioventral da porção fraturada de L7 e sacro, o que leva à comprometimento das raízes da cauda equina e, portanto, alterações neurológicas como dor, paresia e incontinência urinária/fecal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar em cães com esta afecção, atendidos em um Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina entre 2014 e 2020, os sinais clínicos/neurológicos, complicações e resultados da estabilização cirúrgica com pinos de Schanz inseridos no pedículo e corpo vertebral de L7 e sacro associados ao polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA). Foram atendidos sete cães sem raça definida, seis fêmeas e um macho, em média 31 horas após a ocorrência do trauma. A idade dos pacientes variou de 11 meses a 7 anos e a média de peso foi de 8,56 kg. Dos sete cães, seis apresentaram fratura de corpo vertebral de L7, ocasionada por atropelamento e um apresentou subluxação entre L7-S1, decorrente de queda de sofá. O diagnóstico foi realizado com base nos achados do exame neurológico e radiografia simples. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram agressividade devido a dor intensa na região lombossacra, paraparesia/ausência de propriocepção nos membros pélvicos, esfíncter anal relaxado e ausência de movimento da cauda/flacidez. Além da lesão vertebral, foram observadas lesões concomitantes em 71,43% dos pacientes, tais como fratura de pelve, fêmur, costela e contusão pulmonar, o que levou à realização da cirurgia em média 5,29 dias após o trauma. Em três casos, além da cirurgia de estabilização, foi realizada a laminectomia lombossacra para descompressão e inspeção das raízes nervosas. Logo após a cirurgia houve melhora significativa da dor e a média de tempo para os animais voltarem a caminhar foi de 2,7 dias. Os cuidados pós-operatórios incluíram analgesia, realização da massagem vesical pelo menos quatro vezes ao dia, troca de decúbito em intervalos regulares, limpeza dos pontos e higiene perianal por conta de assaduras provenientes da incontinência fecal. As principais sequelas foram incontinência urinária e fecal em 57,14% dos animais, seguida de claudicação dos membros pélvicos em 28,57%. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi eficaz para a estabilização vertebral, mas as lesões das raízes nervosas do nervo pudendo e cauda podem ser irreversíveis levando a sequelas principalmente do controle vesical, especialmente nos casos nos quais a cirurgia não foi realizada precocemente.
Антропонімія дитячої літератури жанру фентезі
Authors: Бережна М. В.
Published: May 2022

Статтю присвячено іменам власним в романі Дж. К. Ролінґ циклу "Гаррі Поттер". Мова йде про специфіку імен власних у творах жанру фентезі, їх функції, способи утворення і види. Дослідження виконано на матеріалі 399 антропонімів, відібраних методом наскрізної вибірки з чотирьох перших романів циклу.
Тринадцять етапів перекладу власних імен та назв
Authors: Бережна М. В.
Published: May 2022

У статті докладно розкрито тринадцять етапів перекладацької діяльності, у результаті якої перекладач приймає рішення щодо способу перекладу імені власного в художньому творі. Дослідження виконане на матеріалі 212 прикладів власних імен та назв, обраних шляхом суцільної вибірки з роману Дж. К. Ролінг "Гаррі Поттер та філософський камінь", а також його перекладів російською та українською мовами. У статті також розглядаються типи ономастичних відповідників та методи їх формування при перекладі.
Передача імен власних в художньому тексті: чи така вже легка справа?
Authors: Бережна М. В.
Published: May 2022

У статті мова йде про інформаційний потенціал, а також особливості утворення, використання та перекладу власних імен в контексті художнього твору жанру фентезі англійської письменниці Дж. К. Ролінґ.
Імена власні в романі жанру фентезі: методи формування відповідників
Authors: Бережна М. В.
Published: May 2022

У статті подано класифікацію ономастичних відповідників та методів їх утворення, використаних при перекладі романів про Гаррі Поттера українською та російською мовами. Основні типи ономастичних відповідників наведено в комплексі з методами їх формування і прикладами імен власних (як правило, антропонімів) в оригіналі і перекладах.
Інформаційний потенціал зоонімів дитячої літератури жанру фентезі
Authors: Бережна М. В.
Published: May 2022

У статті розглянуто імена власні тварин (зооніми) в семантичній структурі фентезійного тексту. Матеріалом роботи слугують приклади зоонімів з циклу романів Дж. К. Ролінг про Гаррі Поттера. Зооніми слугують своєрідним ключем в розкритті художнього задуму автора, нерідко вони виконують функцію як прямої, так і непрямої характеристики не лише самої тварини, але й її власника.
Особенности передачи имен главных персонажей в фэнтезийном тексте
Authors: Бережна М. В.
Published: May 2022

У статті мова йде про інформаційний потенціал та особливості функціонування імен головних персонажів в романах Дж. К. Ролінг про Гаррі Поттера. Промовисті анропоніми розглядаються як потужний художній засіб, характерний для дослідженного матеріалу. Результати дослідження грунтуються на контекстуальному аналізі варіантів імен головних персонажів
Проблема адаптації студентів-іноземців в україномовному середовищі
Authors: Пальчикова О. О.
Published: May 2022

У статті з’ясовано поняття «адаптація», проаналізовано чинники, що перешкоджають процесу адаптування студентів-іноземців в україномовному середовищі.
Методы формирования кросс-культурной компетентности студентов-иностранцев
Authors: Пальчикова О. О.
Published: May 2022

В статье рассмотрено понятие «метод»; определена система методов формирования кросс-культурной компетентности иностранных студентов на подготовительном отделении.
Принципи формування крос-культурної компетентності іноземних студентів
Authors: Пальчикова о
Published: May 2022

У статті розглянуто поняття «крос-культурна компетентність» та подано визначення терміна «крос-культурна компетентність студента-іноземця». Виокремлено систему дидактичних і методичних принципів формування крос-культурної компетентності іноземних студентів.
Проблеми програмно-методичного забезпечення навчання української мови як іноземної
Authors: Пальчикова О. О.
Published: May 2022

У статті проаналізовано проблеми програмно-методичного забезпечення навчання української мови на підготовчому відділенні. Розглянуто базові навчальні плани та програми, затверджені та рекомендовані Міністерством освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України. Визначено основну мету й завдання в процесі укладання навчальних програм з української мови як іноземної.
Психологічні чинники формування крос-культурної компетентності студентів-іноземців у процесі навчання української мови
Authors: Пальчикова О. О.
Published: May 2022

У статті розглянуто психологічні чинники формування крос-культурної компетентності студентів-іноземців у процесі навчання української мови, до яких віднесено країнознавчий інтерес до національного характеру та соціокультурних розбіжностей, а також пізнавальні, професійні та соціальні мотиви.
РОЗВИТОК МИСЛЕННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ
Authors: Смолова C. O.
Published: May 2022

У статті розглянуто навчально-методичний комплекс, який сприяє ефективно­му оволодінню іноземною мовою.
COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH AS A METHOD OF OPTIMIZATION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING
Authors: Palshkova І.О.
Published: May 2022

In the article the integrated approach to the means of improving teaching methods and modes is regarded (general practical aspect).
DIDACTIC CONDITIONS OF THE INDEPENDENT ORGANIZATION WORKS OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Shymko І.М.
Published: May 2022

No abstract
FEATURE FILMS AS ONE OF THE WAYS OPTIMIZING THE PROCESS OF LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Bondar I.H.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
TO THE QUESTION OF FORMATION IN STUDENTS PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALTIES OF CONCEPTS PERSON-ORIENTED EDUCATION
Authors: Yemelyanova Yu.M.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
FORMATION OF THE SUBJECT POSITION TEACHER IN THE SYSTEM LIFELONG EDUCATION
Authors: Borytko N.M.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
HUMANIST PEDAGOGY N.K.ROERIKH: AXIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Ilovych T.P. , Ilovych S.L.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
EDUCATION OF THE DIGNITY OF A TEACHER THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL PREPARATIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Rudas N.K.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
INFORMATION CULTURE AS A COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES OF THE TEACHER
Authors: Kara L.N.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
FORMATION SCHOOL ECOLOGICAL CULTURE
Authors: Panova L.D. , Hertsova V.V.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF SPEECH CULTURES OF THE FUTURE TEACHER
Authors: Vakhnytska M.H.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
STUDYING PARTS OF SPEECH IN PRIMARY SCHOOL ON THE TECHNOLOGY OF ENHANCED DIDACTIC UNITS (UDE)
Authors: Mikerova H.H.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
CONTROL YAK STIMULUS TO INITIAL FUNCTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFICITY
Authors: Melnychuk І.М.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
SEMANTIC SPACE SLAVIC COSTUME
Authors: Karpova H.F. , Marchenko A.P. , Pluzhnikvva S.A.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
"NATIONAL - NOT IN THE DESCRIPTION OF THE SARAFAN ... "
Authors: Savostina A.A.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM BASED ON SOCIALLY ORIENTED PROJECTS
Authors: Panova L.D.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
FEATURES OF INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN MODERN SCHOOL
Authors: Ilovych T.P.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
PERSONALLY DEVELOPING PSYCHOLOGICAL PRACTICE AS A MODERN REALITY RUSSIAN EDUCATION
Authors: Nedbayeva S.V.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
MEANING FORMATIONS OF A PERSON
Authors: Kumyshova R.М.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
PREPARING CHILDREN FOR SCHOOL
Authors: Hlinka Т.N.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
SCHOOL INTERACTION ENVIRONMENTAL
Authors: Lozovsky V.E.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
INTERNATIONAL SLAVIC ACADEMY EDUCATION IM. Ya.A. KOMENSKY ON THE WAY FORMATION OF THE SLAVIC EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors: Gukalenko O.V.
Published: May 2022

No abstract.
PRACTICAL-ORIENTED PHILOSOPHY METHODOLOGIES OF PEDAGOGICAL ACTION
Authors: Zyazyun L
Published: May 2022

Personality, possibilities of its development, its freedom and inequity are the subject of spiritual, intellectual, moral and esthetic search of home philosophers educationalist and psychologists. The article is devoted to the study of laws of personality development, to its perfectioning taking into account the conceptual philosophical approach to the problem.