bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomic comparison of the endonasal and transpetrosal approaches for interpeduncular fossa access
Authors: Oyama Kenichi , Ph.D.  , Prevedello Daniel M. , Ditzel Filho Leo F. S. , Muto Jun , Ph.D.  , Gun Ramazan , Kerr Edward E. , Otto Bradley A. , Carrau Ricardo L.
Published: October 2014

Object

The interpeduncular cistern, including the retrochiasmatic area, is one of the most challenging regions to approach surgically. Various conventional approaches to this region have been described; however, only the endoscopic endonasal approach via the dorsum sellae and the transpetrosal approach provide ideal exposure with a caudal-cranial view. The authors compared these 2 approaches to clarify their limitations and intrinsic advantages for access to the interpeduncular cistern

Methods

Four fresh cadaver heads were studied. An endoscopic endonasal approach via the dorsum sellae with pituitary transposition was performed to expose the interpeduncular cistern. A transpetrosal approach was performed bilaterally, combining a retrolabyrinthine presigmoid and a subtemporal transtentorium approach. Water balloons were used to simulate space-occupying lesions. “Water balloon tumors” (WBTs), inflated to 2 different volumes (0.5 and 1.0 ml), were placed in the interpeduncular cistern to compare visualization using the 2 approaches. The distances between cranial nerve (CN) III and the posterior communicating artery (PCoA) and between CN III and the edge of the tentorium were measured through a transpetrosal approach to determine the width of surgical corridors using 0- to 6-ml WBTs in the interpeduncular cistern (n = 8).

Results

Both approaches provided adequate exposure of the interpeduncular cistern. The endoscopic endonasal approach yielded a good visualization of both CN III and the PCoA when a WBT was in the interpeduncular cistern. Visualization of the contralateral anatomical structures was impaired in the transpetrosal approach. The surgical corridor to the interpeduncular cistern via the transpetrosal approach was narrow when the WBT volume was small, but its width increased as the WBT volume increased. There was a statistically significant increase in the maximum distance between CN III and the PCoA (p = 0.047) and between CN III and the tentorium (p = 0.029) when the WBT volume was 6 ml.

Conclusions

Both approaches are valid surgical options for retrochiasmatic lesions such as craniopharyngiomas. The endoscopic endonasal approach via the dorsum sellae provides a direct and wide exposure of the interpeduncular cistern with negligible neurovascular manipulation. The transpetrosal approach also allows direct access to the interpeduncular cistern without pituitary manipulation; however, the surgical corridor is narrow due to the surrounding neurovascular structures and affords poor contralateral visibility. Conversely, in the presence of large or giant tumors in the interpeduncular cistern, which widen the spaces between neurovascular structures, the transpetrosal approach becomes a superior route, whereas the endoscopic endonasal approach may provide limited freedom of movement in the lateral extension.
Endoscopic endonasal surgery for olfactory groove meningiomas: outcomes and limitations in 50 patients
Authors: Koutourousiou Maria , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Wang Eric W. , Snyderman Carl H. , M.B.A.  , Gardner Paul A.
Published: October 2014

Object

Recently, endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) has been introduced in the management of skull base tumors, with constantly improving outcomes and increasing indications. The authors retrospectively reviewed the effectiveness of EES in the management of olfactory groove meningiomas.

Methods

Between February 2003 and December 2012, 50 patients (64% female) with olfactory groove meningiomas underwent EES at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The authors present the results of EES and analyze the resection rates, clinical outcome, complications, and limitations of this approach.

Results

Forty-four patients presented with primary tumors, whereas six were previously treated elsewhere. The patients’ mean age was 57.1 years (range 27–88 years). Clinical presentation included altered mental status (36%), visual loss (30%), headache (24%), and seizures (20%). The mean maximum tumor diameter was 41.6 mm (range 18–80 mm). All patients underwent EES, which was performed in stages in 18 giant tumors. Complete tumor resection (Simpson Grade I) was achieved in 66.7% of the 45 patients in whom it was the goal, and 13 (28.9%) had near-total resection (> 95% of the tumor). Tumor size, calcification, and absence of cortical cuff from vasculature were significant factors that influenced the degree of resection (p = 0.002, p = 0.024, and p = 0.028, respectively). Tumor residual was usually at the most lateral and anterior tumor margins.

Following EES, mental status was improved or normalized in 77.8% of the cases, vision was improved or restored in 86.7 %, and headaches resolved in 83.3 %. There was no postoperative deterioration of presenting symptoms. Complications were increased in tumors > 40 mm and included CSF leakage (30%), which was significantly associated with lobular tumor configuration (p = 0.048); pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis, more commonly in elderly patients (20%); sinus infections (10%); and delayed abscess months or years after EES (6%). One patient had an intraoperative vascular injury resulting in transient hemiparesis (2%). There were no perioperative deaths. During a mean follow-up period of 32 months (median 22 months, range 1–115 months), 1 patient underwent repeat EES for tumor regrowth.

Conclusions

Endoscopic endonasal surgery has shown good clinical outcomes regardless of patient age, previous treatment, or tumor characteristics. Tumor size > 40 mm, calcification, and absence of cortical vascular cuff limit GTR with EES; in addition, large tumors are associated with increased postoperative complications. Significant lateral and anterior dural involvement may represent indications for using traditional craniotomies for the management of these tumors. Postoperative CSF leakage remains a problem that necessitates innovations in EES reconstruction techniques.
Surgical management of trigeminal schwannomas: defining the role for endoscopic endonasal approaches
Authors: Raza Shaan M. , Donaldson Angela M. , Mehta Alpesh , Tsiouris Apostolos J. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: October 2014

Object

Because multiple anatomical compartments are involved, the surgical management of trigeminal schwannomas requires a spectrum of cranial base approaches. The endoscopic endonasal approach to Meckel's cave provides a minimal access corridor for surgery, but few reports have assessed outcomes of the procedure or provided guidelines for case selection.

Methods

A prospectively acquired database of 680 endoscopic endonasal cases was queried for trigeminal schwannoma cases. Clinical charts, radiographic images, and long-term outcomes were reviewed to determine outcome and success in removing tumor from each compartment traversed by the trigeminal nerve.

Results

Four patients had undergone endoscopic resection of trigeminal schwannomas via the transpterygoid approach (mean follow-up 37 months). All patients had disease within Meckel's cave, and 1 patient had extension into the posterior fossa. Gross-total resection was achieved in 3 patients whose tumors were purely extracranial. One patient with combined Meckel's cave and posterior fossa tumor had complete resection of the extracranial disease and 52% resection of the posterior fossa disease. One patient with posterior fossa disease experienced a sixth cranial nerve palsy in addition to a corneal keratopathy from worsened trigeminal neuropathy. There were no CSF leaks. Over the course of the study, 1 patient with subtotal resection required subsequent stereotactic radiosurgery for disease progression within the posterior fossa.

Conclusions

Endoscopic endonasal approaches appear to be well suited for trigeminal schwannomas restricted to Meckel's cave and/or extracranial segments of the nerve. Lateral transcranial skull base approaches should be considered for patients with posterior fossa disease. Further multiinstitutional studies will be necessary for adequate power to help determine relative indications between endoscopic and transcranial skull base approaches.
Endoscopic endonasal surgical management of chondrosarcomas with cerebellopontine angle extension
Authors: Mesquita Filho Paulo M. , Ditzel Filho Leo F. S. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Martinez Cristian A. N. , Fiore Mariano E. , M.D.  , Dolci Ricardo L. L. , Otto Bradley A. , Carrau Ricardo l.
Published: October 2014

Object

Skull base chondrosarcomas are slow-growing, locally invasive tumors that arise from the petroclival synchondrosis. These characteristics allow them to erode the clivus and petrous bone and slowly compress the contents of the posterior fossa progressively until the patient becomes symptomatic, typically from cranial neuropathies. Given the site of their genesis, surrounded by the petrous apex and the clival recess, these tumors can project to the middle fossa, cervical area, and posteriorly, toward the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches are versatile techniques that grant access to the petroclival synchondrosis, the core of these lesions. The ability to access multiple compartments, remove infiltrated bone, and achieve tumor resection without the need for neural retraction makes these techniques particularly appealing in the management of these complex lesions.

Methods

Analysis of the authors’ database yielded 19 cases of skull base chondrosarcomas; among these were 5 cases with predominant CPA involvement. The electronic medical records of the 5 patients were retrospectively reviewed for age, sex, presentation, pre- and postoperative imaging, surgical technique, pathology, and follow-up. These cases were used to illustrate the surgical nuances involved in the endonasal resection of CPA chondrosarcomas.

Results

The male/female ratio was 1:4, and the patients’ mean age was 55.2 ±11.2 years. All cases involved petrous bone and apex, with variable extensions to the posterior fossa and parapharyngeal space. The main clinical scenario was cranial nerve (CN) palsy, evidenced by diplopia (20%), ptosis (20%), CN VI palsy (20%), dysphagia (40%), impaired phonation (40%), hearing loss (20%), tinnitus (20%), and vertigo/dizziness (40%). Gross-total resection of the CPA component of the tumor was achieved in 4 cases (80%); near-total resection of the CPA component was performed in 1 case (20%). Two patients (40%) harbored high-grade chondrosarcomas. No patient experienced worsening neurological symptoms postoperatively. In 2 cases (40%), the symptoms were completely normalized after surgery.

Conclusions

Expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches appear to be safe and effective in the resection of select skull base chondrosarcomas; those with predominant CPA involvement seem particularly amenable to resection through this technique. Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to test these preliminary impressions and to compare their effectiveness with the results obtained with open approaches.
The combined endonasal and transoral approach for the management of skull base and nasopharyngeal pathology: a case series
Authors: Sreenath Satyan B. , Rawal Rounak B. , Zanation Adam M.
Published: October 2014

The posterior skull base and the nasopharynx have historically represented technically difficult regions to approach surgically given their central anatomical locations. Through continued improvements in endoscopic instrumentation and technology, the expanded endonasal approach (EEA) has introduced a new array of surgical options in the management of pathology involving these anatomically complex areas. Similarly, the transoral robotic surgical (TORS) approach was introduced as a minimally invasive surgical option to approach tongue base, nasopharyngeal, parapharyngeal, and laryngeal lesions. Although both the EEA and the TORS approach have been extensively described as viable surgical options in managing nasopharyngeal and centrally located head and neck pathology, both endonasal and transoral techniques have inherent limitations. Given these limitations, several institutions have published feasibility studies with the combined EEA and TORS approaches for a variety of skull base and nasopharyngeal pathologies. In this article, the authors present their clinical experience with the combined endonasal and transoral approach through a case series presentation, and discuss advantages and limitations of this approach for surgical management of the middle and posterior skull base and nasopharynx. In addition, a presentation is included of a unique, simultaneous endonasal and transoral dissection of the nasopharynx through an innovative intraoperative setup.
Endoscopic extended transsphenoidal resection of craniopharyngiomas: nuances of neurosurgical technique
Authors: Conger Andrew R. , M.S.  , Lucas Joshua , Zada Gabriel , Schwartz Theodore H. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A.
Published: October 2014

Endoscopic approaches to the midline ventral skull base have been extensively developed and refined for resection of cranial base tumors over the past several years. As these techniques have improved, both the degree of resection and complication rates have proven comparable to those for transcranial approaches, while visual outcomes may be better via endoscopic endonasal surgery and hospital stays and recovery times are often shorter. Yet for all of the progress made, the steep learning curve associated with these techniques has hampered more widespread implementation and adoption. The authors address this obstacle by coupling a thorough description of the technical nuances for endoscopic endonasal craniopharyngioma resection with detailed illustrations of the important steps in the operation. Traditionally, transsphendoidal approaches to craniopharyngiomas have been restricted to lesions mostly confined to the sella. However, recently, endoscopic endonasal resections are more frequently employed for extrasellar and purely third ventricle craniopharyngiomas, whose typical retrochiasmatic location makes them ideal candidates for endoscopic transnasal surgery.

The endonasal endoscopic approach offers many advantages, including direct access to the long axis of the tumor, early tumor debulking with minimal manipulation of the optic apparatus, more precise visualization of tumor planes, particularly along the undersurface of the chiasm and the roof of the third ventricle, and a minimal-access corridor that obviates the need for brain retraction. Although much emphasis has been placed on technical tenets of exposure and “how to get there,” this article focuses on nuances of tumor resection “when you are there.” Three operative videos illustrate our discussion of technical tenets.
What is the risk of infecting a cerebrospinal fluid–diverting shunt with percutaneous tapping?
Authors: Spiegelman Lindsey , Asija Richa , Da Silva Stephanie L. , Krieger Mark D. , McComb J. Gordon
Published: October 2014

Object

Most CSF-diverting shunt systems have an access port that can be percutaneously tapped. Tapping the shunt can yield valuable information as to its function and whether an infection is present. The fear of causing a shunt infection by tapping may limit the physician's willingness to do so. The authors of this study investigate the risk of infecting a shunt secondary to percutaneous tapping.

Methods

Following institutional review board approval, CSF specimens obtained from tapping an indwelling CSF-diverting shunt during the 2011 and 2012 calendar years were identified and matched with clinical information. A culture-positive CSF sample was defined as an infection. If results were equivocal, such as a broth-only–positive culture, a repeat CSF specimen was examined. The CSF was obtained by tapping the shunt access port with a 25-gauge butterfly needle after prepping the unshaven skin with chlorhexidine.

Results

During the study period, 266 children underwent 542 shunt taps. With 541 taps, no clinical evidence of a subsequent shunt infection was found. One child's CSF went from sterile to infected 11 days later; however, this patient had redness along the shunt tract at the time of the initial sterile tap.

Conclusions

The risk of infection from tapping a shunt is remote if the procedure is done correctly.
Teaching methods in community health nursing clerkships: experiences of healthcare staff in Iran
Authors: Ildarabadi Eshagh , Karimi-Moonaghi Hossein , Heydari Abbas , Taghipour Ali , Abdollahimohammad Abdolghani , Arbabisarjou Azizollah
Published: October 2014

Purpose: Healthcare staff educate nursing students during their clerkships at community health nursing programs. Their teaching methods play an important role in nursing students’ acquisition of competencies; however, these methods have not been studied thoroughly. Thus, this study aims to describe, interpret, and understand the experiences of healthcare staff’s teaching methods in clerkships at a community health nursing program. Methods: This study was conducted using purposeful sampling and semi-structured interviews with 13 members of the staff of three urban healthcare centers in Iran. The data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. Results: Multiplicity of teaching was identified as the main category of teaching method, and the five subcategories were teaching through lecture, demonstration, doing, visits and field trips, and readiness. The most common method used by the healthcare staff was lecturing. Conclusion: The healthcare staff used multiple methods to teach students in the nursing clerkship of the community health program, which was the strength of the course. However, they should be familiar with, and utilize additional methods, such as discussion rather than lecture.
Axel Elof Jäderholm (1868–1927) of Sweden: educator, hydrozoan zoologist and botanist
Authors: Calder Dale R.
Published: October 2014

Axel Elof Jäderholm was born in Söderhamn, Sweden, on 24 July 1868. In 1888 he entered Uppsala Universitet, earning undergraduate (1892) and doctorate (1898) degrees. His doctoral dissertation was based on an anatomical study of South American Peperomia (Piperaceae). While a graduate student he commenced research on hydroids in collections at the university's natural history museum. A science teacher by profession, he served schools in Uppsala (1900–1901), Norrköping (1901–1905; 1913–1927), Örebro (1905) and Västervik (1905–1913). In addition to teaching, he undertook research in botany (especially mosses) and zoology (hydroids). A focus of work between 1903 and 1905 involved examination of hydroid collections at the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Stockholm) and the Imperial St Petersburg Academy of Sciences (Russia). Jäderholm's field work dealt largely with bryophytes, although his scientific publications (21 of 28) were mostly on taxonomy of hydroids. His hydroid work was mainly on species from northern Europe, the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic, southern regions of South America, and the western Pacific (especially Japan). He established two new genera and 69 new species of hydroids, a majority of the latter still being recognized as valid. Jäderholm was created a knight of the Order of the Polar Star (Riddare av Nordstjärneorden) in Sweden for accomplishments in science and education. After suffering a series of acute illnesses over the last two years of his life, he died in Norrköping on 5 March 1927 and was buried in Uppsala. Five species of hydroids have been named in his honour.
An anonymous account of Mary Anning (1799–1847), fossil collector of Lyme Regis, England, published in Chambers's journal in 1857, and its attribution to Frank Buckland (1826–1880), George Roberts (c.1804–1860) and William Buckland (1784–1856)
Authors: Taylor Michael A. , Torrens Hugh S.
Published: October 2014

The authors of an anonymous article on Mary Anning (1799–1847), published in Chambers's journal in 1857, are identified to allow the article to be fully evaluated for the first time. Payment was made to the natural-history writer Frank Buckland (1826–1880). However, he incorporated much material from the books of his friend George Roberts (c. 1804–1860), Lyme Regis historian and schoolmaster, and from, most probably, a manuscript memoir by his father, the geologist William Buckland (1784–1856), recalling the day of the 1800 lightning strike on a group including Anning. This throws new light on their networking, William Buckland's dementia, and George Roberts's activities, including his original observation of the resting-site fidelity of limpets (Patella) and his final years.
Eruca sativa Might Influence the Growth, Survival under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions and Some Biological Features of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strains
Authors: Fratianni Florinda , Pepe Selenia , Cardinale Federica , Granese Tiziana , Cozzolino Autilia , Coppola Raffaele , Nazzaro Filomena
Published: October 2014

The growth and viability of three Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, after their passage through simulated gastric and pancreatic juices were studied as a function of their presence in the growth medium of rocket salad (Eruca sativa). The presence of E. sativa affected some of the biological properties of the strains. For example, L. acidophilus and L. plantarum worked more efficiently in the presence of E. sativa, increasing not only the antioxidant activity of the medium, but also their own antioxidant power and antimicrobial activity; L. rhamnosus was not affected in the same manner. Overall, the presence of vegetables might help to boost, in specific cases, some of the characteristics of lactobacilli, including antioxidant and antimicrobial power.
A Systematical Framework of Schedule Risk Management for Power Grid Engineering Projects’ Sustainable Development
Authors: Rao Rao , Zhang Xingping , Shi Zhiping , Luo Kaiyan , Tan Zhongfu , Feng Yifan
Published: October 2014

Schedule risks are the main threat for high efficiency of schedule management in power grid engineering projects (PGEP). This paper aims to build a systematical framework for schedule risk management, which consists of three dimensions, including the personnel dimension, method dimension and time dimension, namely supervisory personnel, management methods and the construction process, respectively. Responsibilities of staff with varied functions are discussed in the supervisory personnel part, and six stages and their corresponding 40 key works are ensured as the time dimension. Risk identification, analysis, evaluation and prevention together formed the method dimension. Based on this framework, 222 schedule risks occur in the whole process of PGEPs are identified via questionnaires and expert interviews. Then, the relationship among each risk is figured out based on the Interpretative Structure Model (ISM) method and the impact of each risk is quantitatively assessed by establishing evaluation system. The actual practice of the proposed framework is verified through the analysis of the first stage of a PGEP. Finally, the results show that this framework of schedule risk management is meaningful for improving the efficiency of project management. It provides managers with a clearer procedure with which to conduct risk management, helps them to timely detect risks and prevent risks from occurring. It is also easy for managers to judge the influence level of each risk, so they can take actions based on the level of each risk’s severity. Overall, it is beneficial for power grid enterprises to achieve a sustainable management.
Scaling of Metabolic Scaling within Physical Limits
Authors: Glazier Douglas
Published: October 2014

Both the slope and elevation of scaling relationships between log metabolic rate and log body size vary taxonomically and in relation to physiological or developmental state, ecological lifestyle and environmental conditions. Here I discuss how the recently proposed metabolic-level boundaries hypothesis (MLBH) provides a useful conceptual framework for explaining and predicting much, but not all of this variation. This hypothesis is based on three major assumptions: (1) various processes related to body volume and surface area exert state-dependent effects on the scaling slope for metabolic rate in relation to body mass; (2) the elevation and slope of metabolic scaling relationships are linked; and (3) both intrinsic (anatomical, biochemical and physiological) and extrinsic (ecological) factors can affect metabolic scaling. According to the MLBH, the diversity of metabolic scaling relationships occurs within physical boundary limits related to body volume and surface area. Within these limits, specific metabolic scaling slopes can be predicted from the metabolic level (or scaling elevation) of a species or group of species. In essence, metabolic scaling itself scales with metabolic level, which is in turn contingent on various intrinsic and extrinsic conditions operating in physiological or evolutionary time. The MLBH represents a “meta-mechanism” or collection of multiple, specific mechanisms that have contingent, state-dependent effects. As such, the MLBH is Darwinian in approach (the theory of natural selection is also meta-mechanistic), in contrast to currently influential metabolic scaling theory that is Newtonian in approach (i.e., based on unitary deterministic laws). Furthermore, the MLBH can be viewed as part of a more general theory that includes other mechanisms that may also affect metabolic scaling.
DEPENDENCE OF SUSTAINABILITY ON COUNTRY RISK INDICATORS IN EU BALTIC SEA REGION COUNTRIES
Authors: Stankevičienė Jelena , Sviderskė Tatjana , Miečinskienė Algita
Published: October 2014

Country risk and economic sustainability become more and more important in the contemporary economic world. This paper proposes the analysis on relationship between country risk and economic sustainability in EU Baltic Sea region countries, based on statistical data of the year 2012. Investigations and calculations of rankings for country risk and sustainability were made and the results were optimized by implementing MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio analysis) and MULTIMOORA (MOORA plus Full Multiplicative Form) methods. Furthermore, correlation analysis was prepared and the informative results were obtained. Starting with a system of 8 alternative responses on 21 objectives (indicators), from several approaches the unambiguous results were obtained, which could be engaged in the process of creating new model for country risk assessment and its dependent sustainability indicators for EU Baltic Sea region countries.
Percutaneous Fixation of Anterior and Posterior Column Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Bozzio Anthony E. , Wydra Frank B. , Mitchell Justin J. , Ackerson Richard M. , Mauffrey Cyril
Published: October 2014

Although open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) has been the standard of care for acetabular fractures, recent advancements in minimally invasive techniques have allowed percutaneous fixation to gain popularity. Percutaneous technique has been described in the literature as an adjuvant to ORIF. However, isolated percutaneous fixation has the advantage of limiting soft tissue disruption, length of surgery, and blood loss when compared with ORIF. The technique also allows for earlier return to activity and better pain control when compared with nonsurgical management. This article reviews both indications and limitations, while highlighting the technique for percutaneous fixation of both anterior and posterior column acetabular fractures. [
Orthopedics
. 2014; 37(10):675–678.]
Multiple Radiographic Projections in Detecting Intra-articular Screw Penetration During Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Zhang Lei , Lin Guangmao , Yang Guojing , Ghamor-Amegavi Edem Prince , Liu Min , Pan Zhanpeng , Chen Shanxi
Published: October 2014

The authors performed a cadaveric study to evaluate the efficacy of multiple fluoroscopic projections in detecting intra-articular penetration of the screws during femoral neck fracture fixation and also to determine the most suitable radiographic projection. Models of intra-articular penetration in 8 normal proximal femur specimens were created by placing the pins in different quadrants of the femoral head and extending 1 mm beyond the femoral head surface. The tip-to-surface distance was measured on anteroposterior (AP) and lateral views, with the femur positioned at varying degrees of rotation, flexion, adduction, and abduction. After correcting for differences in magnification, associations between the tip-to-surface distance and femur position were noted. In certain femur positions and K-wire placements, conventional AP and lateral views did not show that the wire extended beyond the surface of the femoral head. The tip-to-surface distance on an AP radiograph with the femur in the neutral position was not comparable to that on the lateral view with the femur positioned at 20° of adduction (
P
=.821). However, the tip-to-surface distance on an AP radiograph with the femur in the neutral position varied significantly (
P
<.001) from all other tip-to-surface distances on either the AP or lateral projection. A linear association was found between the tip-to-surface distance and femur rotation angles on AP views and between femur adduction and abduction angles on lateral views. In conclusion, fluoroscopy in varied projections at different angles can detect unrecognized intra-articular screw penetration during internal fixation of femoral neck fracture. Additional special projection methods are suggested to identify and prevent intra-articular screw penetration.
Diabetic Myonecrosis: Likely an Underrecognized Entity
Authors: Mazoch Mathew J. , Bajaj Gitanjali , Nicholas Richard , Pandey Tarun , Jambhekar Kedar , Ram Roopa , Montgomery Corey
Published: October 2014

Diabetic myonecrosis is a rare complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus that presents as acute onset of swelling and pain of the affected muscles. The differential diagnosis includes cellulitis/pyomyositis, necrotizing fasciitis, neoplasm, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Missed diagnoses can lead to unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures and inappropriate treatment. The diagnosis is established by the clinical presentation and findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. A 30-year-old African-American man presented with a painful mass affecting the medial aspect of the right thigh for several months. Initial laboratory studies showed white blood cell count of 8800 cells/mm
3
, D-dimer value of 0.55 µg/mL, HgBA1c level of 15.1%, glucose level of 352 mg/dL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 22 mm/h, and C-reactive protein level of 222 mg/L. An MRI scan was obtained, and diabetic myonecrosis was diagnosed and treated. One year later, the patient had similar symptoms of pain in the contralateral thigh. Repeat workup and MRI scan were obtained. The MRI abnormalities originally seen in the right thigh 1 year earlier were present in the left thigh, with complete resolution of the abnormalities seen in the right thigh. Treatment with bed rest and analgesics resulted in symptom resolution. Patients with diabetic myonecrosis typically have no fever, normal white blood cell count, mildly increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and elevated C-reactive protein level in 50% of cases. They lack the radiologic signs of fascial enhancement or well-defined, rim-enhancing collections that are seen in necrotizing fasciitis and pyomyositis/abscess. The onset of severe pain and the lack of mass effect on imaging differentiate diabetic myonecrosis from tumor-like conditions such as vascular malformations or soft tissue tumors. Normal D-dimer levels and ultrasound Doppler examination of the extremity help to rule out DVT. The typical MRI scan findings and clinical presentation can lead to the diagnosis of diabetic myonecrosis, allowing the physician to avoid invasive tests, such as muscle biopsy, and to reassure patients that this condition is self-limiting with appropriate treatment.
Les informations policières à Paris entre 1667 et 1830. Production, usages et pratiques de gouvernement
Authors: Vidoni Nicolas
Published: October 2014

Pour agir dans la ville, la police, entre 1667 et 1830, produisit des informations qui portaient aussi bien sur les personnes que sur les « choses », particulièrement pour la ville de Paris. Ces informations furent utilisées dans les décisions gouvernementales, et infléchirent par la suite les pratiques policières elles-mêmes, montrant ainsi à quel point la dialectique entre l’espace urbain et les sphères administratives et politiques peut, en partie, être étudiée à partir des informations policières.
Postcolonialité et archive : le cas du roman de l’après-guerre et l’héritage du conflit armé au Guatemala
Authors: Quijano Mónica
Published: October 2014

L’une des questions soulevées par la critique postcoloniale dans les débats sur le discours littéraire en Amérique Latine est celle du statut des témoignages émanant de sujets appartenant aux groupes subalternes. Le texte rédigé par Elisabeth Burgos, Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú y así me nació la conciencia (1991) (Moi, Rigoberta Menchú. Une vie et une voix, la révolution au Guatemala) fournit un exemple classique, car il livre sous forme écrite le témoignage de Menchú, censé fonctionner comme une métonymie de la lutte vécue par les paysans indiens du Guatemala. Une mouvance au sein de la critique postcoloniale a mis en question la légitimité du discours littéraire pour parler des subalternes ; selon elle, il s'agirait d'un héritage du colonialisme. Cet héritage se traduirait dans un premier temps par l’imposition de l’écriture comme seul moyen légitime de transmission des savoirs et de pratique esthétique et, dans un second temps, par l’appropriation de ces discours par les élites intellectuelles, produisant ainsi un lieu institutionnel spécifique, non accessible à ceux qui n’appartiendraient pas aux cercles lettrés. J’analyse dans cet article la réponse littéraire à cette critique, à travers trois romans sur la guerre civile au Guatemala (1966-1982) écrits par trois auteurs différents (Rodrigo Rey Rosa, Roberto Morales et Horacio Castañeda). Leur travail sur les archives (écrites ou orales) ouvre, comme je tenterai de le montrer, une piste de réflexion esthétique sur la manière d’aborder le passé récent du Guatemala, et sur l'éventuelle possibilité pour l’écrivain de « parler » à la place de l’autre.
Faux et usage de faux : la forme de l’archive dans « The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee », de J. M. Coetzee
Authors: Gannier Odile
Published: October 2014

« La seule chose que la défiance la plus outrée pourrait encore objecter sur la fidélité de cette Relation, c’est que Mr Kolbe aura peut-être, par son imagination vive, embelli les Réponses de ses Hottentots, & orné ses récits de petites additions, que diverses personnes regardent comme des embellissemens presque absolument nécessaires pour rendre une narration intéressante, sur-tout lorsqu’on parle de peuples aussi grossiers. » La préface du traducteur, en 1741, de la Description du Cap de Bonne-Espérance par Kolben met déjà en question la véridicité d’un témoignage pourtant de première main. Les mémoires et récits de voyages véhiculent toutes sortes de considérations sur l’histoire naturelle, les usages et les mœurs des populations rencontrées et, dans certains cas, colonisées. J. M. Coetzee reprend la forme d’un récit d’archive attribué à son aïeul, rédigé lors d’un voyage en territoire Namaqua, en Afrique du Sud, en vue d’une chasse à l’éléphant ; puis lors de l’expédition punitive qui suivit. On y voit comment la situation se détériore très rapidement entre plusieurs communautés étrangères l’une à l’autre. L’ancrage historique du récit central dans les années 1760 met en évidence l’incompréhension mutuelle radicale entre les groupes boers, hottentots et bochiman. Ce qui est troublant dans cette nouvelle intégrée à Dusklands (Terres de crépuscule) est le statut du texte : le récit de l’aïeul, dont le discours raciste est explicite, est-il véridique ? Est-ce plutôt un montage destiné, par l’artifice des péritextes (préface, remerciements, postface, document), à faire croire qu’il s’agit d’un témoignage réel ? Le lecteur doit faire lui-même le travail interprétatif de la forme pour décider de la teneur idéologique du texte.
L’esclave du ms. H.6 et l’anthropologue romancier : In an Antique Land d’Amitav Ghosh, une utopie de l’archive
Authors: Blanc Claudine Le
Published: October 2014

Conçues comme une critique textuelle des documents d’archives, les postcolonial studies indiennes, sous la forme des Subaltern Studies, ont d’emblée croisé les archives, documents par excellence de l’historien, et la littérature : dans le volume VII, en 1992, le jeune anthropologue et romancier bengali Amitav Ghosh propose ainsi une étude de la correspondance d’un marchand juif du XIIe siècle (« The Slave of MS. H.6 »), qui vient redoubler In a Antique Land, récit de son terrain en Égypte, paru la même année et inspiré par la même correspondance. Mais ni l’article, ni le récit ne se mentionnent l’un l’autre : ce n’est pas un rapport de succession, mais d’exclusion qui ordonne les deux textes, en débouchant sur l’abandon par Ghosh de l’histoire au profit de la littérature. Le présent article examine cette écriture dédoublée de l’archive qui permet de lire dans In An Antique Land une mise en fiction de l’archive, à entendre non simplement comme une fictionnalisation des sources historiographiques, mais comme la mise en œuvre d’un art narratif de la multiplication et de l’entrecroisement des intrigues : un jeu de fragmentation et de réunion qui reconstruit l’expérience en roman, ce roman qu’est pour l’homme, et pour l’homme postcolonial plus que tout autre, la quête d’un passé qui fasse sens pour le présent.
Multiple Quantum Spaces Based Genetic Coding Method
Authors: Gao Tao
Published: October 2014

Quantum genetic coding method plays an important role in improving the efficiency of optimization algorithm. The existing quantum genetic algorithm has some defects, that quantum encoding scheme is tend to reduce the stability, so that the algorithm is prone to premature convergence and falls into local minima. Therefore, the chain of multiple genes encoding scheme is used to extend in the multi-dimensional space for improving this algorithm. By function extremum and simulation of neural network weights optimization, according to the characteristics of qubits and the normalization condition, double and triple chain binding coding schemes are proposed. By experiments on multiple genes encoding scheme chain, the performance of the algorithm is tested. It shows that the algorithm can get better results by increasing the higher accuracy of solution chain genes. It is an effective strategy to improve the performance of genetic coding.
A Hybrid Approach to Diagnosis of Hepatic Tumors in Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Anter Ahmed M. , Abu El Souod Mohamed , Azar Ahmad Taher , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: October 2014

Liver cancer is one of the most popular cancer diseases and causes a large amount of death every year, can be reduced by early detection and diagnosis. Computer-aided liver analysis can help in the early detection and diagnosis of liver cancer. In this paper, enhancement and segmentation process is applied to increase the computation and focus on liver parenchyma. This parenchyma also segmented using Watershed and Region Growing algorithms to extract liver tumors. These tumors will be analyzed and characterized to distinguish between hemangioma (benign) and hepatocellular (malignant) tumors using Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Gray Level Co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), Fractal Dimension (FD) and feature fusion technique is applied to maximize and enhance the performance of the classifier rate. The authors review different methods for liver segmentation and abnormality classification. An attempt was made to combine the individual scores from different techniques in order to compensate their individual weaknesses and to preserve their strength. The authors present and exhaustively evaluate algorithms using computer vision techniques. The experimental results based on confusion matrix and kappa coefficient show that the higher accuracy is obtained of automatic agreement classification and suggest that the developed CAD system has great potential and promise in the automatic diagnosis of both benign and malignant tumors of liver.
Digital Businesses
Authors: Wahi Ashok Kumar , Medury Yajulu
Published: October 2014

Customers are no longer at the receiving end in the new digital economies. They have a say in everything and are co-creating products and services. Their connection with other customers is stronger and the influence they exert collectively on businesses is phenomenal. All this has been made possible by the technologies that the collaborative internet has made possible. Businesses have discarded hierarchies and functional pyramid structures in favor of flat empowered structures to improve decision responsiveness in the new age. Competency is fast replacing compatibility amongst successful employees. Geography is dead and interactions take place across boundaries of distance, time, language and culture. This transformation of the business enterprise to Enterprise 2.0 has become possible due to the use of Web 2.0 tools becoming common place and has had far reaching implications. The question that it raises is that are all organizations equally well equipped to take advantage of these changes or is it going to change the relative power equation amongst them to make some small forward looking technology savvy organizations suddenly more powerful than the erstwhile successful large giants who had built themselves on the strength of their products and markets over time. This paper aims at creating a framework that can help evaluate this emerging equation and assess the state of readiness of all organizations to meet this onslaught of business change. The framework addresses these technologies, the way they are impacting business strategy and spells out all that organizations need to do to be able to gear up to face the changing fabric of the new age enterprise.
An Automated Forming System of Negative Plates
Authors: Zhang Jia Liang , Yang Jian Guo , Li Peng , Zhou Hu
Published: October 2014

Negative plate forming is one of the important tasks of silver-zinc battery production. The objective of this work is to develop an automated forming system of negative plates to ensure the workers’ health and safety and to improve its production efficiency. The ointment injection and layer press method was studied by using two 3DOF robots moving and injecting zinc ointment along required trajectory and four 1DOF robots carrying the molds, carrier papers and metal grids between transportation lines and other machines. Experiment results show that the developed system with optimized parameters can reach the requirements of processing quality.
Radar Circuit Fault Diagnosis Based on Improved Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: He Fang Jun , Wang Yong  Hai , Ding Gui Qiang , Fei Yue Zhen
Published: October 2014

In order to improve the diagnosis rate of wavelet neural network algorithm for the radar circuit, for the network during operation there is poor convergence, the training error and shortcomings easy to fall into local minimum, the network is unable to continue training and testing, proposing a new algorithm of increasing the momentum of the wavelet adaptive neural network, can make the network run more stable, faster learning rate; By the Matlab simulation experiments show that the diagnosis rate of the improved algorithm is much higher than the ordinary one.
The Design of Indoor Infrared Alarm
Authors: Wei Qi Wei , Yang Chun Ping
Published: October 2014

This design uses the pyroelectric infrared detection technology, single-chip microcomputer control. Pyroelectric infrared sensor sensing the infrared thermal radiation (the body temperature is 37 degrees) of the invaders, converting it into a low frequency signal, passing to microcontroller through amplified circuit. Finally, it implements anti-theft through the alarm module.
Based on the Experience of India how to Design Wisdom City in China
Authors: Tao Tao , Li Xue Si , Zhan Guo Hui , Xia Zhong Hua , Liu Bang Fan
Published: October 2014

Wisdom is the high-tech industry, industry, industry chain is also more closely in the industry. Thus, a team is an important condition for wisdom city construction personnel must have. Sense of team focus on training personnel, personnel training is a wisdom city building a distinctive feature. Talents implement trainee system available to students to develop their own application ability, opportunity awareness and team coordination. There is no team spirit and put things talents as an important criterion for eligibility, and eliminated it as an important basis for software professionals, is China learn from the wisdom of urban construction point talent development. Analyzing the experience of foreign intelligence in the process of urban development and talent construction, and then Summing up the worth of our country to draw inspiration points according to the conditions of China, in order to achieve a virtuous cycle of development of wisdom city.
Evaluation Method of Intensive Use of Downtown Land
Authors: Sun Fa Yin
Published: October 2014

This paper conducts an analysis on the driving factors of the intensive use of urban land on the basis of defining the connotation of using intensive land use; constructs a evaluation system of the use intensity of urban downtown land from the aspects of quantity structure of land us, the land input intensity, the land use intensity and the efficiency and sustainable development of land use; applies the method of AHP to confirm the weights of evaluation indexes; makes weighted summation of each index based on the standardization of original data and index weight, in order to get the comprehensive index of land use intensity, aiming at quantitatively confirming the level of land use intensity in urban downtown and exploring the quantitative evaluation method of land use intensity in downtown area. This paper selects the downtown area of Zaozhuang as the example to apply for and examine this evaluation method.
Grey Relational Analysis of Fatigue Performance of Semi-Rigid Pavement Structure
Authors: Sun Zhao Hui , Ma Jing , Su Xue Mei , Yang Guo Feng , Hou Zhan Qiang
Published: October 2014

A number of different semi-rigid pavement structure models are established to perform calculation and the results are led into the calculation software nSoft to analyze and acquire the fatigue property of different semi-rigid pavement structure models. The grey relational analysis of different semi-rigid pavement structure models fatigue properties are done based on the grey system theory to gain the key influence parameter on semi-rigid pavement structure fatigue performance. The research conclusion has certain instruction function to design pavement structure with excellent anti-fatigue performance.
Land Reclamation Division of the Area along the JingCheng Expressway
Authors: Liu Yu , Pan Yu Chun , Ren Yan Min
Published: October 2014

In order to provide the decision-making basis for making the land reclamation planning along the JingCheng expressway, this article takes 587 administrative villages along the JingCheng expressway as the assessment units, constructs the technical methods of the land reclamation division along the expressway in terms of the reclamation potential, reclamation ability and reclamation urgency, determines the weight and calculates the integrated assessment value by Delphi method and divides the research area into the preferential reclamation area, key reclamation area and reclamation area which is not suitable for reclamation recently by using the space self-organizing network model. This research is helpful for boosting the orderly reclamation of the farmland along the expressway and accelerating the modern agricultural development of the area along the expressway.