bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration, Conversion, and Quantitative Multi-Layer Inversion of Multi-Coil Rigid-Boom Electromagnetic Induction Data
Authors: von Hebel Christian , van der Kruk Jan , Huisman Johan A. , Mester Achim , Altdorff Daniel , Endres Anthony L. , Zimmermann Egon , Garré Sarah , Vereecken Harry
Published: November 2019

Multi-coil electromagnetic induction (EMI) systems induce magnetic fields below and above the subsurface. The resulting magnetic field is measured at multiple coils increasingly separated from the transmitter in a rigid boom. This field relates to the subsurface apparent electrical conductivity (σa), and σa represents an average value for the depth range investigated with a specific coil separation and orientation. Multi-coil EMI data can be inverted to obtain layered bulk electrical conductivity models. However, above-ground stationary influences alter the signal and the inversion results can be unreliable. This study proposes an improved data processing chain, including EMI data calibration, conversion, and inversion. For the calibration of σa, three direct current resistivity techniques are compared: Electrical resistivity tomography with Dipole-Dipole and Schlumberger electrode arrays and vertical electrical soundings. All three methods obtained robust calibration results. The Dipole-Dipole-based calibration proved stable upon testing on different soil types. To further improve accuracy, we propose a non-linear exact EMI conversion to convert the magnetic field to σa. The complete processing workflow provides accurate and quantitative EMI data and the inversions reliable estimates of the intrinsic electrical conductivities. This improves the ability to combine EMI with, e.g., remote sensing, and the use of EMI for monitoring purposes.
A Calibration Method for the Errors of Ring Laser Gyro in Rate-Biased Mode
Authors: Liu Zengjun , Wang Lei , Li Kui , Ban Jingxuan , Wang Meng
Published: November 2019

Ring laser gyro (RLG) can work in mechanically dithered mode or rate-biased mode according to the working state of the inertial navigation system (INS). It can change from one mode to the other by receiving outer instructions. To evaluate the performance of RLG in rate-biased mode, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) based on RLG is installed on a dual-axis turntable, the turntable offers a constant angular velocity to the RLGs, in that way RLG can work in the rate-biased mode. A calibration method is proposed to calibrate the scale factor error, misalignments and constant bias of RLG in rate-biased mode, experiment results show that the differences of scale factor of the three gyros in two modes are 9 ppm, 7 ppm and 3.5 ppm, the constant biases of the three RLGs in rate-biased mode are also different from that in mechanically dithered mode with the difference of 0.017°/h, 0.011°/h and 0.020°/h, the input axis misalignment angle of RLGs in different modes also changed. What is more, a calculation method of angle random walk (ARW) of RLG in rate-biased mode is also presented. Experimental results show that the ARW of the RLG in rate-biased mode is about one third of that in mechanically dithered.
State-of-the-Art and Practical Guide to Ultrasonic Transducers for Harsh Environments Including Temperatures above 2120 °F (1000 °C) and Neutron Flux above 1013 n/cm2
Authors: Tittmann Bernhard R. , Batista Caio F.G. , Trivedi Yamankumar P. , Lissenden Clifford J. , Reinhardt Brian T.
Published: November 2019

In field applications currently used for health monitoring and nondestructive testing, ultrasonic transducers primarily employ PZT5-H as the piezoelectric element for ultrasound transmission and detection. This material has a Curie–Weiss temperature that limits its use to about 210 °C. Some industrial applications require much higher temperatures, i.e., 1000–1200 °C and possible nuclear radiation up to 1020 n/cm2 when performance is required in a reactor environment. The goal of this paper is the survey and review of piezoelectric elements for use in harsh environments for the ultimate purpose for structural health monitoring (SHM), non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and material characterization (NDMC). The survey comprises the following categories: 1. High-temperature applications with single crystals, thick-film ceramics, and composite ceramics, 2. Radiation-tolerant materials, and 3. Spray-on transducers for harsh-environment applications. In each category the known characteristics are listed, and examples are given of performance in harsh environments. Highlighting some examples, the performance of single-crystal lithium niobate wafers is demonstrated up to 1100 °C. The wafers with the C-direction normal to the wafer plane were mounted on steel cylinders with high-temperature Sauereisen and silver paste wire mountings and tested in air. In another example, the practical use in harsh radiation environments aluminum nitride (AlN) was found to be a good candidate operating well in two different nuclear reactors. The radiation hardness of AlN was evident from the unaltered piezoelectric coefficient after a fast and thermal neutron exposure in a nuclear reactor core (thermal flux = 2.12 × 1013 ncm−2; fast flux 2 (>1.0 MeV) = 4.05 × 1013 ncm−2; gamma dose rate: 1 × 109 r/h; temperature: 400–500 °C). Additionally, some of the high-temperature transducers are shown to be capable of mounting without requiring coupling material. Pulse-echo signal amplitudes (peak-to-peak) for the first two reflections as a function of the temperature for lithium niobate thick-film, spray-on transducers were observed to temperatures of about 900 °C. Guided-wave send-and-receive operation in the 2–4 MHz range was demonstrated on 2–3 mm thick Aluminum (6061) structures for possible field deployable applications where standard ultrasonic coupling media do not survive because of the harsh environment. This approach would benefit steam generators and steam pipes where temperatures are above 210 °C. In summary, there are several promising approaches to ultrasonic transducers for harsh environments and this paper presents a survey based on literature searches and in-house laboratory observations.
Effect of Oxidization Temperatures and Aging on Performance of Carbonate Melt Oxidized Iridium Oxide pH Electrode
Authors: Wang Penggang , Guo Tengfei , Zhao Tiejun , Du Zhenxing , Jin Zuquan , Dong Biqin , Li Zhe
Published: November 2019

Iridium oxide pH electrodes employing the carbonate melt oxidation method were fabricated with oxidation temperatures of 750 °C, 800 °C and 850 °C, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that the oxide film regularized with the increase in oxidation temperatures. The pH response, response time and long-term stability of the electrodes indicated that the electrodes made at 850 °C had the best performance. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) surveys investigated the change in the electrodes’ chemical composition and element oxidation states at 850 °C, and the results showed that the relative content of Ir3+ had increased by 23.9%, and the Ir4+ and Ir6+ had decreased by 10.9% and 13%, respectively, in the surface oxide layer after one month of aging. However, the relative contents of Ir3+, Ir4+ and Ir6+ were almost constant for the inner oxide layer. Meanwhile, the XPS result also indicated that the outer oxide layer of the electrode had a higher hydration degree than the inner oxide layer.
On the Physical Layer Security Characteristics for MIMO-SVD Techniques for SC-FDE Schemes
Authors: Madeira João , Guerreiro João , Dinis Rui , Montezuma Paulo , Campos Luís Miguel
Published: November 2019

Multi-Input, Multi-Output (MIMO) techniques are seeing widespread usage in wireless communication systems due to their large capacity gains. On the other hand, security is a concern of any wireless system, which can make schemes that implement physical layer security key in assuring secure communications. In this paper, we study the physical layer security issues of MIMO with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) schemes, employed along with Single-Carrier with Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) techniques. More concretely. the security potential against an unintended eavesdropper is analysed, and it is shown that the higher the distance between the eavesdropper and the transmitter or receiver, the higher the secrecy rate. In addition, in a scenario where there is Line of Sight (LOS) between all users, it is shown that the secrecy rate can be even higher than in the previous scenario. Therefore, MIMO-SVD schemes combined with SC-FDE can be an efficient option for highly secure MIMO communications.
Cantilever-Droplet-Based Sensing of Magnetic Particle Concentrations in Liquids
Authors: Nyang’au Wilson Ombati , Setiono Andi , Bertke Maik , Bosse Harald , Peiner Erwin
Published: November 2019

Cantilever-based sensors have attracted considerable attention in the recent past due to their enormous and endless potential and possibilities coupled with their dynamic and unprecedented sensitivity in sensing applications. In this paper, we present a technique that involves depositing and vaporizing (at ambient conditions) a particle-laden water droplet onto a defined sensing area on in-house fabricated and commercial-based silicon microcantilever sensors. This process entailed the optimization of dispensing pressure and time to generate and realize a small water droplet volume (Vd = 49.7 ± 1.9 pL). Moreover, we monitored the water evaporation trends on the sensing surface and observed total evaporation time per droplet of 39.0 ± 1.8 s against a theoretically determined value of about 37.14 s. By using monodispersed particles in water, i.e., magnetic polystyrene particles (MPS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and adsorbing them on a dynamic cantilever sensor, the mass and number of these particles were measured and determined comparatively using resonant frequency response measurements and SEM particle count analysis, respectively. As a result, we observed and reported monolayer particles assembled on the sensor with the lowest MPS particles count of about 19 ± 2.
A Preliminary Experimental Analysis of In-Pipe Image Transmission Based on Visible Light Relay Communication
Authors: Zhao Wen , Kamezaki Mitsuhiro , Yamaguchi Kaoru , Konno Minoru , Onuki Akihiko , Sugano Shigeki
Published: November 2019

The regular inspection of underground facilities such as pipelines is absolutely essential. Pipeline leakage caused by corrosion and deformation must be detected in time, otherwise, it may cause fatal disasters for human beings. In our previous research, a robot chain system (RCS) based on visible light relay communication (VLRC) for pipe inspection has been developed. This system can basically realize the light-based transmission of control command signals and illuminance-based coordinated movement, whereas the collection and transmission approach of the pipe leakage image have not been studied. Compared with former in-pipe wireless communication techniques, VLRC can not only overcome the instability and inefficiency of in-pipe data transmission but also extend the communication range with high transmission rates. The most important feature is that it can provide a stable illumination and high-quality communication for pipe inspection robot and finally improve the energy efficiency. Hence, the aim of this article is to analyze the performance of VLRC-based image transmission in the pipe and in the future provide a high-quality, long-range, and high-efficiency image transmission for complex infrastructure inspection with RCS. The transmission systems based on two signal transmission modes analog image signal relay transmission (AISRT) and digital image frame relay transmission (DIFRT) have been proposed. Multiple experiments including the waveform test, the test of transmission features with different bit error rate (BER), and in the different mediums were conducted between these two systems. The experiment revealed that DIFRT was superior to the AISRT in terms of the relatively high-quality image transmission and reconstruction quality. It could better overcome the attenuation brought by the absorption and scattering effects and finally increased the transmission range than former communication methods. The DIFRT system could also operate at 50 kbps with relatively low BER whether in the air or water. The technique in this research could potentially provide a new strategy for implementations in the stable, effective, high-speed, and long-range image transmission of the robots in some other special environments such as tunnel, mine, and underwater, etc.
Firm Size and Sustainable Innovation Management
Authors: Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio , Ardito Lorenzo
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we introduce the themes addressed and the approaches used in the Special Issue “Firm Size and Sustainable Innovation Management” to investigate the relationships between firm size and sustainable innovation management. Specifically, by offering multiple perspectives of analysis, this work increases our comprehension and understanding of the role of firm size for sustainable innovation strategies.
Operationalization and Measurement of Social-Ecological Resilience: A Systematic Review
Authors: González-Quintero Cristina , Avila-Foucat V. Sophie
Published: November 2019

Academics and practitioners have become more interested in the operationalization and measurement of social-ecological resilience. An analysis of how social-ecological resilience has been operationalized and measured is crucial to understanding systems complexity and dynamics and for clarifying empirical cases of monitoring programmes in ways that enrich their utility and explanatory power. The literature shows that social-ecological resilience has been operationalized using the concepts of adaptability and absorption of disturbance. In addition, diversity and connectivity are principles that have been studied. Climate change in rural coastal regions is the most common stressor that has been studied, and the human dimension of such systems is the dominant focus. Systems interactions, feedbacks and thresholds are rarely identified or assessed. In addition, attributes of the system primarily using indicators are preferred over analysing causal relationships with models. Answering the question of what this resilience is for is a very important aspect of defining the system and the method for assessing resilience.
Circular Economy for Food Policy: The Case of the RePoPP Project in The City of Turin (Italy)
Authors: Fassio Franco , Minotti Bianca
Published: November 2019

Circular economy for food (CE) and food policies (FP) are two emerging but already prominent research areas, particularly when talking about the cities of the future. This paper analyzes the dynamics between these two fields of research, starting from review articles and the analysis of a case study, underlying the fundaments that FP and CE share. In particular, this paper focuses on using circular economy (CE) indicators and strategies to shape urban food policies (FP) to create a new business and political model towards sustainability. It introduces four converging perspectives, emerging from the literature, and analyzes how they have been integrated in the case study RePoPP (Re-design Project of Organic waste in Porta Palazzo market), a circular project born from the FP of the City of Turin (Italy). RePoPP is indeed a multi-actor project of urban circular food policies against food waste, which demonstrates how a circular approach can be the turning point in the creation of new food policies. This article wants to define for the first time a new research framework called “circular economy for food policy”, along with its characteristics: the application of a systemic approach and CE to problems and solutions, the need for a transdisciplinary and integrated project design for the 9R (responsibility, react, reduce, reuse, re-design, repair, recover, recycle, and rot), the use of food as a pivot of cross-sectoral change, and a new form of collaborative and integrated governance.
Individual Condensation Trails in Aircraft Trajectory Optimization
Authors: Rosenow Judith , Fricke Hartmut
Published: November 2019

Contrails are one of the driving contributors to global warming, induced by aviation. The quantification of the impact of contrails on global warming is nontrivial and requires further in-depth investigation. In detail, condensation trails might even change the algebraic sign between a cooling and a warming effect in an order of magnitude, which is comparable to the impact of aviation-emitted carbon dioxides and nitrogen oxides. This implies the necessity to granularly consider the environmental impact of condensation trails in single-trajectory optimization tools. The intent of this study is the elaboration of all significant factors influencing on the net effect of single condensation trails. Possible simplifications will be proposed for a consideration in single-trajectory optimization tools. Finally, the effects of the most important impact factors, such as latitude, time of the year, and time of the day, wind shear, and atmospheric turbulence as well as their consideration in a multi-criteria trajectory optimization tool are exemplified. The results can be used for an arbitrary trajectory optimization tool with environmental optimization intents.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Predict the Well Productivity of Fishbone Wells
Authors: Hassan Amjed , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez
Published: November 2019

Fishbone multilateral wells are applied to enhance well productivity by increasing the contact area between the bottomhole and reservoir region. Fishbone wells are characterized by reduced operational time and a competitive cost in comparison to hydraulic fracturing operations. However, limited models are reported to determine the productivity of fishbone wells. In this paper, several artificial intelligence methods were applied to estimate the performance of fishbone wells producing from a heterogeneous and anisotropic gas reservoir. The well productivity was determined using an artificial neural network, a fuzzy logic system and a radial basis network. The models were developed and validated utilizing 250 data sets, with the inputs being the permeability ratio (Kh/Kv), flowing bottomhole pressure and lateral length. The results showed that the artificial intelligence models were able to predict the fishbone well productivity with an acceptable absolute error of 7.23%. Moreover, a mathematical equation was extracted from the artificial neural network, which is able to provide a simple and direct estimation of fishbone well productivity. Actual flow tests were used to evaluate the reliability of the developed model, and a very acceptable match was obtained between the predicted and actual flow rates, wherein an absolute error of 6.92% was achieved. This paper presents effective models for determining the well performance of complex multilateral wells producing from heterogeneous reservoirs. The developed models will help to reduce the uncertainty associated with numerical methods, and the extracted equation can be inserted into commercial software, thereby significantly reducing deviation between the actual data and simulated results.
Carbon Benchmark for Czech Residential Buildings Based on Climate Goals Set by the Paris Agreement for 2030
Authors: Pálenský David , Lupíšek Antonín
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with the problem that actual building regulations do not reflect the climate targets set by the Paris Agreement. To address this, a benchmark was developed for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of buildings on the basis of the Emissions Gap Report. We first applied an equal allocation of the GHG emission limit for 2030 among the forecasted population to calculate a virtual personal GHG emission limit. We took a proportion of this personal limit for the purpose of housing and extrapolated it for the whole building based on the number of occupants. We also undertook a case study of an actual multifamily residential building and compared its standard design to the benchmark using a simplified life cycle assessment (LCA) method in line with the national SBToolCZ method. The results showed that the assessed residential house exceeded the emission requirement by a factor of 2.5. Based on the assessment, six sets of saving measures were proposed to reduce the operational and embodied GHG emissions. The saving measures included change in temperature zoning, improvement of the U-values of the building envelope, exchange of construction materials for reduced embodied GHG emissions, exchange of heat source for biomass boiler, introduction of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, use of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, addition of vacuum solar collectors, and the addition of photovoltaic (PV) panels. Finally, the variants were compared and their suitability in the Czech conditions was examined.
Does the Difference in Urban Public Facility Allocation Cause Spatial Inequality in Housing Prices? Evidence from Chongqing, China
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Zhou Tao , Mao Chao
Published: November 2019

The current study argues that the capitalisation effect of urban public facilities on housing will be considerable when the accessibility or availability of facilities has a serious stake in the location or property rights of houses. The supply level and supply quantity of urban public facilities determine whether there is a significant difference in the accessibility or availability of facilities amongst neighbourhoods, and subsequently determines whether the capitalisation effect of facilities on surrounding houses is considerable, which ultimately affects the spatial inequality in housing prices (i.e. spatial dispersion of housing prices). However, previous studies have rarely considered the fact that the supply and demand of urban public facilities vary with the type of facilities. Thus, according to the law of diminishing marginal utility, the current study proposes a theoretical framework for the impact of the allocation of urban public facilities at different supply levels on the spatial inequity in housing prices and verifies this through a case study. Results indicate that the difference in urban public facility allocation caused by the unequal supply quantity or unbalanced spatial distribution has a notable impact on the spatial inequality in housing prices. There are three states of allocation of urban public facilities available according to different supply levels, namely, disequilibrium, quantitative equilibrium and spatial equilibrium: (I) Scarce and high-quality public resources that may always be in the disequilibrium state create a substantial capitalisation effect on nearby housing, and their presence will aggravate spatial inequality in housing prices; (II) Public facilities that can only reach the quantitative equilibrium state have a considerable capitalisation effect on nearby housing, and their supply densities have a positive impact on the spatial inequality in housing prices; (III) Public facilities in the spatial equilibrium state have a negligible capitalisation effect on nearby housing, and their supply densities have a negative impact on the spatial inequality in housing prices. Therefore, it is reasonable to argue that urban public facilities at different supply levels have a diversified impact on the housing market. This study can contribute to having a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the diversified impact of urban public facilities on the housing market.
Diagonally Implicit Block Backward Differentiation Formula with Optimal Stability Properties for Stiff Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Mohd Ijam Hazizah , Ibrahim Zarina Bibi
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to select the best value of the parameter ρ from a general set of linear multistep formulae which have the potential for efficient implementation. The ρ -Diagonally Implicit Block Backward Differentiation Formula ( ρ -DIBBDF) was proposed to approximate the solution for stiff Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) to achieve the research objective. The selection of ρ for optimal stability properties in terms of zero stability, absolute stability, error constant and convergence are discussed. In the diagonally implicit formula that uses a lower triangular matrix with identical diagonal entries, allowing a maximum of one lower-upper (LU) decomposition per integration stage to be performed will result in substantial computing benefits to the user. The numerical results and plots of accuracy indicate that the ρ -DIBBDF method performs better than the existing fully and diagonally Block Backward Differentiation Formula (BBDF) methods.
Nondifferentiable G-Mond–Weir Type Multiobjective Symmetric Fractional Problem and Their Duality Theorems under Generalized Assumptions
Authors: Dubey Ramu , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan , Sánchez Ruiz Luis Manuel
Published: November 2019

In this article, a pair of nondifferentiable second-order symmetric fractional primal-dual model (G-Mond–Weir type model) in vector optimization problem is formulated over arbitrary cones. In addition, we construct a nontrivial numerical example, which helps to understand the existence of such type of functions. Finally, we prove weak, strong and converse duality theorems under aforesaid assumptions.
Skewness of Maximum Likelihood Estimators in the Weibull Censored Data
Authors: Magalhães Tiago M. , Gallardo Diego I. , Gómez Héctor W.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we obtain a matrix formula of order n − 1 / 2 , where n is the sample size, for the skewness coefficient of the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimators in the Weibull censored data. The present result is a nice approach to verify if the assumption of the normality of the regression parameter distribution is satisfied. Also, the expression derived is simple, as one only has to define a few matrices. We conduct an extensive Monte Carlo study to illustrate the behavior of the skewness coefficient and we apply it in two real datasets.
Exploration with Multiple Random ε-Buffers in Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Kim Chayoung , Park JiSu
Published: November 2019

In terms of deep reinforcement learning (RL), exploration is highly significant in achieving better generalization. In benchmark studies, ε-greedy random actions have been used to encourage exploration and prevent over-fitting, thereby improving generalization. Deep RL with random ε-greedy policies, such as deep Q-networks (DQNs), can demonstrate efficient exploration behavior. A random ε-greedy policy exploits additional replay buffers in an environment of sparse and binary rewards, such as in the real-time online detection of network securities by verifying whether the network is “normal or anomalous.” Prior studies have illustrated that a prioritized replay memory attributed to a complex temporal difference error provides superior theoretical results. However, another implementation illustrated that in certain environments, the prioritized replay memory is not superior to the randomly-selected buffers of random ε-greedy policy. Moreover, a key challenge of hindsight experience replay inspires our objective by using additional buffers corresponding to each different goal. Therefore, we attempt to exploit multiple random ε-greedy buffers to enhance explorations for a more near-perfect generalization with one original goal in off-policy RL. We demonstrate the benefit of off-policy learning from our method through an experimental comparison of DQN and a deep deterministic policy gradient in terms of discrete action, as well as continuous control for complete symmetric environments.
The Effects of Finite Distance on the Gravitational Deflection Angle of Light
Authors: Ono Toshiaki , Asada Hideki
Published: November 2019

In order to clarify the effects of the finite distance from a lens object to a light source and a receiver, the gravitational deflection of light has been recently reexamined by using the Gauss–Bonnet (GB) theorem in differential geometry (Ishihara et al. 2016). The purpose of the present paper is to give a short review of a series of works initiated by the above paper. First, we provide the definition of the gravitational deflection angle of light for the finite-distance source and receiver in a static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat spacetime. We discuss the geometrical invariance of the definition by using the GB theorem. The present definition is used to discuss finite-distance effects on the light deflection in Schwarzschild spacetime for both the cases of weak deflection and strong deflection. Next, we extend the definition to stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes. We compute finite-distance effects on the deflection angle of light for Kerr black holes and rotating Teo wormholes. Our results are consistent with the previous works if we take the infinite-distance limit. We briefly mention also the finite-distance effects on the light deflection by Sagittarius A*.
Emergence of Rare Bovine–Human Reassortant DS-1-Like Rotavirus A Strains with G8P[8] Genotype in Human Patients in the Czech Republic
Authors: Moutelíková Romana , Sauer Pavel , Dvořáková Heroldová Monika , Holá Veronika , Prodělalová Jana
Published: November 2019

Group A Rotaviruses (RVA) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children and a major cause of childhood mortality in low-income countries. RVAs are mostly host-specific, but interspecies transmission and reassortment between human and animal RVAs significantly contribute to their genetic diversity. We investigated the VP7 and VP4 genotypes of RVA isolated from 225 stool specimens collected from Czech patients with gastroenteritis during 2016–2019. The most abundant genotypes were G1P[8] (42.7%), G3P[8] (11.1%), G9P[8] (9.8%), G2P[4] (4.4%), G4P[8] (1.3%), G12P[8] (1.3%), and, surprisingly, G8P[8] (9.3%). Sequence analysis of G8P[8] strains revealed the highest nucleotide similarity of all Czech G8 sequences to the G8P[8] rotavirus strains that were isolated in Vietnam in 2014/2015. The whole-genome backbone of the Czech G8 strains was determined with the use of next-generation sequencing as DS-1-like. Phylogenetic analysis of all segments clustered the Czech isolates with RVA strains that were formerly described in Southeast Asia, which had emerged following genetic reassortment between bovine and human RVAs. This is the first time that bovine–human DS-1-like G8P[8] strains were detected at a high rate in human patients in Central Europe. Whether the emergence of this unusual genotype reflects the establishment of a new RVA strain in the population requires the continuous monitoring of rotavirus epidemiology.
Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines Targeting Conserved Viral Proteins
Authors: Jazayeri Seyed Davoud , Poh Chit Laa
Published: November 2019

Vaccination is still the most efficient way to prevent an infection with influenza viruses. Nevertheless, existing commercial vaccines face serious limitations such as availability during epidemic outbreaks and their efficacy. Existing seasonal influenza vaccines mostly induce antibody responses to the surface proteins of influenza viruses, which frequently change due to antigenic shift and or drift, thus allowing influenza viruses to avoid neutralizing antibodies. Hence, influenza vaccines need a yearly formulation to protect against new seasonal viruses. A broadly protective or universal influenza vaccine must induce effective humoral as well as cellular immunity against conserved influenza antigens, offer good protection against influenza pandemics, be safe, and have a fast production platform. Nanotechnology has great potential to improve vaccine delivery, immunogenicity, and host immune responses. As new strains of human epidemic influenza virus strains could originate from poultry and swine viruses, development of a new universal influenza vaccine will require the immune responses to be directed against viruses from different hosts. This review discusses how the new vaccine platforms and nanoparticles can be beneficial in the development of a broadly protective, universal influenza vaccine.
A Recombinant La Sota Vaccine Strain Expressing Multiple Epitopes of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Protects Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Chickens against IBV and NDV Challenges
Authors: Tan Lei , Wen Guoyuan , Qiu Xusheng , Yuan Yanmei , Meng Chunchun , Sun Yingjie , Liao Ying , Song Cuiping , Liu Weiwei , Shi Yonghong , Shao Huabin , Ding Chan
Published: November 2019

Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two major infectious diseases that are a threat to the domestic poultry industry. In this study, we successfully generated a recombinant LaSota candidate vaccine strain, rNDV-IBV-T/B, which expresses a short, synthetic, previously identified IBV S1 multi-epitope cassette using the reverse genetic system. The recombinant virus was propagated in nine-day-old embryonated chicken eggs for 20 passages and genetic stability was confirmed by whole genome DNA sequencing. The recombinant virus had a hemagglutination (HA) titer of 210, mean death time (MDT) of 118 hours, and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) of 0.05. None of these were significantly different from the parental Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota strain (p > 0.05). Vaccination of white leghorn chickens at one day of age with 106 EID50 rNDV-IBV-T/B provided 90% protection against virulent IBV M41 challenge at three weeks of age, which was significantly higher than the protection of the control group vaccinated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (p < 0.05). The ciliostasis scores of rNDV-IBV-T/B-vaccinated and LaSota-vaccinated groups were 4.2 and 37.6, respectively, which indicated that rNDV-IBV-T/B vaccination reduced the pathogenicity of IBV toward the trachea. Furthermore, real-time RT-PCR assay showed that the rNDV-IBV-T/B vaccination resulted in low levels of viral load (647.80 ± 49.65 RNA copies) in the trachea four days post-challenge, which is significantly lower than groups vaccinated with PBS (8591.25 ± 311.10 RNA copies) or LaSota (7742.60 ± 298.50 RNA copies) (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the same dose of rNDV-IBV-T/B vaccination provided complete protection against velogenic NDV F48E9 challenge. These results demonstrate that the rNDV-IBV-T/B strain is a promising vaccine candidate to control both IB and ND simultaneously. Furthermore, epitope-based live vector vaccines provide an alternative strategy for the development of cost-effective and, broadly, cross-protective vaccines.
Comparative Concept Study of Passive Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in 48 V Mild Hybrid Vehicles Varying Lithium-Ion Battery and Supercapacitor Technologies
Authors: Grün Thorsten , Doppelbauer Martin
Published: November 2019

A single energy storage technology will deliver either high power or high energy density. In high cycle applications like 48 V mild hybrid electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries or supercapacitors have to be oversized to meet power, energy and cycle life requirements. However, a passive hybrid energy storage system is able to meet those challenges, but its performance depends on several factors. In this study, simulations and experimental investigations show how the design and operation conditions influence the performance of a passive hybridized system. In a comparative study for 48 V systems, consequences on performance are discussed.
ANALISIS KINERJA KOPERASI DAN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN ANGGOTA (Studi Pada Koperasi Usaha Manunggal Desa Seresam Kecamatan Seberida Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu)
Authors: Triyono Aris , Suwaji Suwaji , Saputra Marwan Indra
Published: November 2019

Cooperatives are not only expected to be able to produce residual business results in each period, investment activities carried out by cooperatives must be effective in producing positive added value, therefore cooperatives need to be managed as well as possible so that they can grow into a strong and independent organization, with the best performance and ability raise the welfare of its members. This research is in Kopsa. Manunggal Enterprises, Seresam Village, Seberida District, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze Cooperative Performance and Its Impact on Members' Welfare. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach, the data the authors use are primary and secondary data, primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to research respondents to measure Cooperative Performance and Members' Welfare Levels, and secondary data obtained directly from Kopsa. Manunggal Enterprises in the form of financial statement documents. The analytical tool used to measure / assess financial performance with the viewpoint of Economic Value Added (EVA. Cooperative Performance is measured based on 6 (six) indicators of Cooperative Performance, namely: Business Entity Activities, Business Performance, Members' Cohesiveness and Participation, Orientation to Member Services, Services to the Community and contribution to Regional Development Welfare level is measured based on aspects of family income, expenditure on consumption, employment status, health conditions and the ability to access other basic needs.The results of descriptive analysis show Kopsa. Manunggal Enterprises including Cooperatives that are performing well, households Farmers who are members of Kopsa, Manunggal Enterprises are included in the welfare category and the regression analysis conducted shows that the regression coefficient is positive, meaning that there is a positive impact between Cooperative Performance and Welfare. The better the Cooperative Performance will have a positive impact on increasing yes the welfare of members, this can happen because of the monoculture community farming patterns where the main source of income of the village community, especially Kopsa members. Manunggal Business is a commodity of oil palm plantations managed by cooperatives, so the cooperative performance variable becomes very influential in influencing the ease of service, distribution of member income, access to credit and other ease of convenience.
UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE O ACESSO AO CONHECIMENTO E A EXCLUSÃO NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: De Oliveira Helen Vieira
Published: November 2019

Defendemos que as concepções pedagógicas estão diretamente relacionadas com os paradigmas que sustentam o pensamento e as formas de representar o mundo. A partir da história da pré-modernidade à pós-modernidade, buscaremos compreender os diferentes currículos que foram se desenhando e seus processos de exclusão. Ao longo do tempo, observamos que a forma de exclusão vai fundamentando-se à proposta de currículo usada. Este artigo visa realizar uma análise de como ocorreu o acesso ao saber ao longo do tempo, entendendo que tal processo se dá a partir de um contexto histórico, o qual, de forma direta, interferiu e ainda interfere nas práticas curriculares presentes na educação formal. Esta construção servirá como base para a análise do ensino de Língua Portuguesa e o processo de exclusão escolar que ocorre no espaço escolar.
O PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DOS ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS: ESTUDO DESCRITIVO-CORRELACIONAL ENTRE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PORTUGUESA E BRASILEIRA
Authors: Fonseca Rubia salheb , Escola Joaquim , Carvalho Amâncio , Loureiro Armando
Published: November 2019

A UNESCO (2011), afirma que a educação deve ter como centro os alunos e considerá-los como protagonistas da sua aprendizagem e não como recetores do ensino. Neste sentido é de extrema relevância a realização de um estudo que possa contribuir para a identificação do perfil do aluno. Desta forma, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a relação entre o perfil sociodemográfico entre duas universidades de dois países (Brasil) e (Portugal). Procedemos com um estudo descritivo-correlacional, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa. 1240 estudantes universitários participaram deste estudo, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento e escala de Graffar (1956) para identificar o NSE - Nível socioeconômico. Os dados foram analisados através do teste não paramétrico de c2, com nível de significância de 5%. Do total da amostra a maioria era do sexo feminino (54,9%) e pertencia ao grupo etário do 19-20 anos (39,4%). A média da idade foi de 20,11±, o mínimo 17 e o máximo 56 anos. A maioria era solteira (94,1%) e pertencia à classe média alta (46,7%). Constatamos existir relação entre o estado civil, grupo etário, coabitação, manutenção financeira, meio de deslocação à universidade e NSE (c2: p≤0,000). Foram encontradas semelhanças e diferenças entre os alunos universitários dos dois países.
O FEMINISMO NEGRO NO BRASIL E O ENFRENTAMENTO DAS OPRESSÕES DE CLASSE, RAÇA E GÊNERO.
Authors: Trindade dos Santos Ana Caroline
Published: November 2019

O artigo trata de um apanhado geral da história do feminismo no Brasil e particulariza o surgimento do feminismo negro a partir do histórico dos movimentos sociais feministas na tentativa de apreender as correntes teóricas que direcionavam as leituras e ações políticas de homens e principalmente de mulheres que lutam contra o racismo e as opressões de gênero e classe social. Ao tratar sobre as teorias feministas e o feminismo negro é pertinente pautar o formato opressor e discriminatório das sociedades capitalistas, em que os fenótipos são utilizados para justificar atribuições de valores positivos e negativos para a inferiorização de uma raça em relação a outra, se torna compreensivo a perpetuação do racismo em ações concretas de discriminação racial envolvendo múltiplas violências expressas em guerras, genocídios, perseguição religiosa, desigualdade racial e de gênero. O que eram consideradas vozes silenciadas e corpos estigmatizados pelo racismo e sexismo se tornam ações políticas de enfrentamento as opressões demonstrando a eficácia das discussões de reconhecimento entrelaçadas por uma movimentação organizativa para enegrecer as pautas do Feminismo. Esse fenômeno incorpora as dimensões da política e da intelectualidade teórica no Brasil e na América Latina ao tratar as discussões de igualdade de género sob o prisma de referências teóricas críticas que realizam analises das dinâmicas sociais sem cair nos esquemas binários de heteronormatividade ou nas armadilhas das questões identitárias e individuais.
MUSEU ESCOLAR EM JUAZEIRO DO NORTE: DO QUE FALAM AS ESCOLAS?
Authors: Almeida Núbia Ferreira , De A. Ribeiro Quitéria Lucia Ferreira
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo insere-se nas discussões a respeito da criação de um museu escolar e da salvaguarda da memória, enquanto possibilidade de potencializar projetos educacionais. Está articulado à pesquisa realizada em 2013 sobre a Sala da Memória Amália Xavier de Oliveira, localizada no interior da Escola Normal Rural de Juazeiro do Norte, lugar de religiosidade popular e de romarias. O objetivo é ampliar a discussão sobre museu escolar para mostrar a necessidade de tombamento do prédio da antiga Escola Normal Rural, localizado em Juazeiro do Norte, com vistas a transformar este espaço em um museu da educação juazeirense, que ao mesmo tempo venha a servir como lugar de formação de professores e Instituto de pesquisa. O texto apresenta discussões que pleiteiam dar contornos ao que seria museu escolar e os museus da escola Normal Rural de Juazeiro do Norte; em outro momento apresentar a importância da implantação de um Museu Pedagógico, caracterizado como um Instituto de Pesquisa, responsável pela formação em serviço de professores e pela disseminação de ideias pedagógicas. Os museus escolares surgem no Brasil em meio a um contexto de debates e valorização de ações relativas à educação, na perspectiva de afirmação de uma identidade nacional. Pretende-se compreender o museu escolar na realidade da educação atual, em sua materialidade e intencionalidade, tendo como referencial teórico metodológico as contribuições de estudos que relacionam educação e cultura. Na esteira da história da educação e das pesquisas sobre museu escolar no século XX, esta pesquisa ocupa-se da temática escolar, especificamente da guarda da memória escolar em Juazeiro do Norte, da institucionalização do museu como local de preservação de memória e da Pesquisa educacional.
DESIGN OF A LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR OPEN MOBILE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Filipe Ana Silva , Nobre Ana
Published: November 2019

Através da metodologia de pesquisa baseada em design,está sendo conduzida uma investigação sobre o desenhode uma estrutura de aprendizado sobre a utilização edesenvolvimento de recursos educacionais abertos, comfoco em aplicativos abertos para dispositivos Smartphone.Como resultado da investigação, espera-se que sejaprojetado e implantado um curso aberto, disponível paraqualquer pessoa que queira aprender sobre integração detecnologia aberta na educação, sobre como usar e construir,no contexto educacional específico de cada pessoa,aplicativos para Smartphone. Os conteúdos deste curso sãoeles próprios Recursos Educacionais Abertos, assim comoa linguagem de programação selecionada para promover odesenvolvimento de aplicativos é também uma linguagemde programação aberta. As etapas tomadas desde o início dainvestigação até a interação do terceiro design de curso sãodescritas neste artigo, juntamente com alguns raciocíniossobre os dados coletados.
Raman microscopy as a tool for the surface characterization of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts before and after reaction with H2O2
Authors: Carvalho Costa Regina Celi , De Sá Oliveira Flávia Maria , Ferreira Adriana Paula , Cappa de Oliveira Luiz Fernando
Published: November 2019

Supported vanadium oxides have been extensively used as catalysts in a variety of reactions, including selective oxidation of hydrocarbons, alkyl-aromatic and selective catalytic reduction of NOxby NH3. The high dispersion of vanadium in the form of a monolayer of VOx is the main reason for the better performance of the V2O5/TiO2system. In the present study we have examined the surface of supported V2O5/TiO2catalyst system by using Raman spectroscopy as well as the imaging technique obtained by Raman mapping; this technique is quite remarkable in following the relative intensity change of the band related to the V=O bond stretching, before and after reaction with H2O2. Raman mapping has been applied successfully to characterize single and mixed supported metal oxides and to investigate the structural changes of these metal oxides during reaction processes. The results have shown that V2O5/TiO2catalyst can promote the oxidation reaction of organic compounds, such as methylene blue, in aqueous medium and the reaction apparently takes place via active oxidizing species, such as V=O chemical group, which are generated in the vanadium surface.