bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТРЕВОЖНОСТИ ВЕРУЮЩИХ И НЕВЕРУЮЩИХ МОЛОДЕЖНОЙ СРЕДЫ
Authors: Kokoeva Rosita Embulatovka
Published: March 2019

В современном российском обществе в настоящее время наблюдается поступательное движение в сторону изучения и анализа мировых религий. Это способствует тому, что, опираясь на демократические ценности цивилизации, наше правительство формирует такое пространство, в котором представители разных религиозных конфессий, этносов, чувствуют себя достаточно комфортно. Верующий человек, содержательно наполненный религиозным чувством, эмоцией, религиозными ценностями, открыт миру, экзистенциально активен во внешней социальной среде. Такая структура религиозности дает возможность верующей личности развиваться, реализовать свой духовный потенциал и в целом, жизненный замысел. В работе проанализировано субъективное и объективное отношение молодежи к религиозной вере, уровни тревожности двух социальных групп респондентов: верующих и неверующих, соответственно – юношей и девушек.Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию религиозности юношей и девушек, эмоциональной защищенности, выявлению уровня ситуативной и личностной тревожности у верующих и неверующих молодежной среды.Методами исследования явились анкетирование, опрос.Научная новизна – использована авторская анкеты для выявления эмоционального чувства по отношению к религии среди юношей и девушек.Результаты проведенного исследования показали следующее: юноши более религиозны, чем девушки, эмоционально защищены, девушки в меньшей степени религиозны, эмоционально менее устойчивы, нежели юноши (прихожане), более тревожны, нежели юноши.Область применения результатов. Исследования могут послужить информативно-содержательной основой в изучении психологии религиозного сознания представителей православной традиции в образовательной сфере, социальных учреждениях.
Visualization of Regular Polyhedrons during Their Formation
Authors: Романова В. , Romanova V.
Published: March 2019

In this work the automated formation of surfaces correct to convex polyhedrons of Platon and two regular not convex star-shaped polyhedrons of Kepler-Poinsot by the kinematic method. Researches on realization of a goal were carried out in the environment of AutoCAD with use of the programs developed in the functional Autolisp programming language which is built in AutoCAD. The AutoLisp language and the AutoCAD environment are chosen for achievement of a goal as they allow showing bodies in the movement. The technique of formation of electronic models of the polyhedrons necessary for performance of visualization of polyhedrons is stated. The model is a set of compartments of a surface, issued in the form of the block. The user function in the AutoLisp language which identifier is team in the environment of AutoCAD is developed for each model. Each compartment was placed in the drawing layer which is taken away for it. When developing the user functions were taken into account to a possibility of the AutoCAD environment – the available teams for formation of surfaces. The user functions in the AutoLisp language for formation of the studied surfaces in the environment of AutoCAD are made by the defrosting method of the block containing surface compartments. In the course of "defrosting" of layers with compartments on the screen of the monitor process of formation of a surface is shown – drawings of compartments of a surface appear one by one. The last drawing is an image of a surface. The user functions in the AutoLisp language for formation of the studied surfaces in the environment of AutoCAD are made. The fragment of the program by training of one side of a tetrahedron is given Drawings of elements of surfaces of all regular polyhedrons of Platon and star-shaped polyhedrons of Kepler-Poinsot are provided in initial situation and in the course of stage-by-stage formation of these surfaces, the programs received in the environment of AutoCAD with use in the AutoLisp language. Drawings of elements of surfaces of all regular polyhedrons of Platon and star-shaped polyhedrons of Kepler-Poinsot are provided in initial situation and in the course of stage-by-stage formation of these surfaces, the programs received in the environment of AutoCAD with use in the AutoLisp language. The possibility of formation of surfaces of regular polyhedrons is shown by a kinematic method: the movement rectilinear forming on the directing lines as which edges of polyhedrons are used.
General Principles for Formation of Ruled Surfaces. Part 2
Authors: Сальков Николай , Sal'kov Nikolay
Published: March 2019

In this paper the consideration related to formation of ruled surfaces with a single method for their set up that was proposed in the first part of the work, is continued. In the first part of the work were considered more than twenty variants for set up of ruled surfaces, including four set ups by guide lines, overall known in the literature, for example, in the books of S.A. Frolov, A.V. Bubennikov, M.Ya. Gromov. However, the set up of ruled surfaces with the help of guide lines was proposed in a new aspect – as a constituent of a single method for setting absolutely all ruled surfaces, taking place in science and industry, and with additional variants. Besides, have been proposed equation systems, which solution leads to generation of equation for the given ruled surface. New set ups of ruled surfaces have included eighteen examples, which is the main material of the work’s first part. Also was proposed a table in which have been put all possible variants for set up of geometric figures’ guiding lines to obtain ruled surfaces. Of course, the proposed variants of guiding lines’ combination were presented in the enlarged form. In the proposed paper have been considered new, not presented before, variants for set up of ruled surfaces. Have been presented 19 examples, including the ones with one or two guiding planes, as well as when the guiding line belongs to one of guiding surfaces. Such surfaces can be considered as ruled surfaces of smooth transition. As in the first part of the work, the equation systems leading to the equation of the set ruled surface are proposed.
Estados Frágeis ou Falidos? Uma abordagem crítica dos desafios e implicações da construção conceitual
Authors: Vieira Alice Gravelle
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo pretende abordar as dificuldades na construção conceitual e suas possíveis implicações para decisões políticas e estudos nas Relações Internacionais. Para tal, é promovido um estudo de caso do conceito de Estados Falidos usado desde os anos 1990, que sofreu uma alteração em sua nomenclatura para Estados Frágeis em 2013. A partir do estudo do desenvolvimento da conceituação ao longo dos anos, através dos trabalhos de Rotberg (2004), Call (2008) e Szuhai (2015), e de uma análise crítica da metodologia de elaboração do Fragile States Index, o objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar a complexidade da utilização deste conceito.
Agencia e Estrutura em Sistemas Internacionais: a ontologia do Realismo Científico e suas implicações para uma agenda de pesquisa | Agency and Structure in International Systems: the ontology of Scientific Realism and its implications for a research agenda
Authors: Brancher Pedro
Published: March 2019

O artigo se insere no debate acerca do problema agente-estrutura nas Relações Internacionais.Na primeira seção, analisa-se as controvérsias e as lacunas teóricas de três repostas para o problema agente-estrutura que influenciaram o debate teórico nas RI: individualismo, estruturalismo e estruturação. A segunda seção discute a perspectiva ontológica proposta pelo Realismo Científico. Argumenta-se que ela constitui uma heurística profícua para o desenvolvimento de um programa de pesquisa que conceba agentes e estruturas como entidades autônomas e inter-relacionadas temporalmente. Por fim, nas considerações finais, sintetiza-se os argumentos desenvolvidos, aponta-se implicações teóricas da abordagem sugerida e indica-se alternativas para a continuidade da agenda de pesquisa.ABSTRACTThe article is part of the debate on the agent-structure problem in International Relations. It is considered that any social research must develop or incorporate ontological presuppositions about this question, since it logically precedes epistemological and methodological definitions. Specifically to the field of International Relations, the agent-structure problem refers to the definition of the components and the dynamics of operation of International Systems (IS). Thus, in the first section, we analyze the controversies and theoretical gaps of three responses to the agent-structure problem that influenced the theoretical debate in IR: individualism, structuralism and structuring. The second section discusses the ontological perspective proposed by Scientific Realism. It is argued that it constitutes a useful heuristic for the development of a research program that devises agents and structures as autonomous and temporally interrelated entities. Finally, in the final considerations, the arguments developed are summarized, theoretical implications of the suggested approach are indicated, and alternatives are indicated for the continuity of the research agenda.Palavras-chave: Teoria de Relações Internacionais; Agente-Estrutura; Realismo CientíficoKeywords: International Relations Theory; Agent-Structure; Scientific Realism
Apatridia no Século XXI: um estudo sobre os “Sem direitos” em plena Era dos Direitos
Authors: Ramos Guilherme Antunes
Published: March 2019

O artigo analisa as principais questões referentes ao fenômeno da apatridia no século XXI, tendo por norte as vulnerabilidades que vivenciam as pessoas apátridas e o despojo de seus direitos em uma época em que, paradoxalmente, emerge um inédito arcabouço jurídico-institucional de alcance internacional destinado a proteger e consagrar os direitos humanos (caracterizando a denominada “Era dos Direitos”). Avalia-se que, embora a crescente internacionalização dos direitos humanos tenha resultado na celebração de um conjunto de direitos a serem universalmente usufruídos, o vínculo de pertencimento nacional ainda se mantém como um requisito indispensável para o acesso a direitos. Com base em uma leitura arendtiana, os apátridas serão apresentados como grupos completamente invisibilizados em um sistema ainda fortemente alicerçado em discursos e práticas estatocêntricas. As reflexões sobre a apatridia permitirão, finalmente, apontar alguns dos principais entraves que se interpõem ao pleno exercício dos direitos humanos na contemporaneidade.
A verdade por trás da retórica: mapeando o direito à verdade no Brasil.
Authors: Albuquerque Maria Alice Venancio
Published: March 2019

Em 2012 o Brasil instaurou a Comissão Nacional da Verdade. Pelo período de 1964-1988 o país tem sido alvo de demandas históricas por responsabilização, verdade, memória e reparação. O direito à verdade figura entre essas demandas e embora associado mais recentemente ao estabelecimento de comissões da verdade, não se configura oficialmente como um direito. Ele é entendido pelas referencias normativas que o fazem alusão em resoluções, orientações e documentos oficiais produzidos internacionalmente, tornando seu significado e exercício tão disputado quanto elusivo. Logo, esse trabalho se concentra em mapear como foi entendido o direito à verdade em âmbito internacional, regional e no Brasil. Projeta-se o desenvolvimento desse direito em dois sistemas de direitos humanos: ONU e Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (SIDH). no intuito final de captar até que ponto a trajetória brasileira condiz com as referências contidas nessas instituições
Advance care planning for patients with lung, heart and cancer diseases and their relatives
Authors: Skorstengaard Marianne H , Brogaard Trine , Jensen Anders Bonde , Andreassen Pernille , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Løkke Anders , Aagaard Susanne , Wiggers Henrik , Johnsen Anna Thit , Neergaard Mette Asbjoern
Published: March 2019

Background:

Advance care planning (ACP) has been suggested to improve the quality of life (QoL) and mental wellbeing in severely ill patients and their relatives.

Aim:

To investigate the effects of ACP among patients with lung, heart and cancer diseases with an estimated life-span of up to 12 months.

Methods:

Patients and relatives were randomised into two groups: one receiving usual care and one receiving ACP and usual care. Themes from the ACP discussion were documented in patients' electronic medical file. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires four to five weeks after randomisation.

Findings:

In total, 141 patients and 127 relatives participated. No significant differences were found according to outcomes. However, patients with non-malignant diseases had the highest level of anxiety and depression; these patients seemed to benefit the most from ACP, though not showing statistically significant results.

Conclusion:

No significant effects of ACP among patients with lung, heart, and cancer diseases and their relatives regarding HRQoL, anxiety, depression, and satisfaction with healthcare were found.
Experiences of symptoms and health service preferences among older people living with chronic diseases during the last year of life
Authors: Pungchompoo Wanicha , Suwan Panudda , Kunapun Sukonta , Pungchompo Sirirat , Tungpunkom Patraporn
Published: March 2019

Background:

There is limited understanding of the symptoms that older people living with cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease experience during the last year of life in Thailand, in addition to their health service preferences.

Aims:

To survey the symptom experiences and health service preferences at the end of life of older people with chronic illnesses from the perspective of bereaved carers.

Methods:

The study used a retrospective post-bereavement approach to collect quantitative data. Purposive sampling was used to select 76 bereaved relatives of older people living with chronic illnesses who had died in the previous 5 to10 months. Telephone interviews and a translated version of the Views of Informal Carers—Evaluation Services (VOICES) questionnaire were conducted. Data were analysed using the statistical package SPSS version 17.

Findings:

The overall quality of care received by older people living with chronic diseases during the last three months of life was described as ‘good’ (36%). However, in comparing the quality of care from different settings, most of the subjects (63%) thought that the quality of care at home should be rated as ‘poor’. During the last twelve months, 35% of the respondents rated pain and poor appetite as the main symptoms, while 25% described experiencing ‘worry’ related to being at the end of life. The severity of many symptoms increased during the last three months of life; 21% of carers recommended that pain caused the most suffering to their relatives at ‘all times’, when compared with other symptoms of end of life. Around 21–35% reported that their relatives ‘sometimes’ experienced worry, low mood, breathlessness and oedema. During the last three days of life, it was reported by 97% of respondents that their relatives spent all of their time in hospital, and no respondents reported that their relatives had died at home.

Conclusion:

The study indicates that older people living with chronic diseases in Thailand are less likely to access specialist palliative care and are more likely to have poor symptom control at the end of life. It indicates that health services may not be meeting patients' needs and that there was clearly insufficient healthcare provision at home for older people to help them to manage their symptoms such as pain and breathlessness.
Work integrated learning in Vanuatu: student perspectives
Authors: Delisle Brenda , Ebbs Phillip
Published: March 2019

Background:

Non-traditional work integrated learning (WIL) experiences have become increasingly popular within undergraduate paramedicine programmes, partly because WIL is considered a valid pedagogy that contributes to the integration of clinical and supporting science capabilities.

Aim:

This paper builds upon previous WIL evaluation activities to determine whether an international WIL experience in Vanuatu provided a useful clinical and cultural learning experience for undergraduate paramedicine students.

Methods:

A 60-question survey was administered to participants, with questions chiefly focusing on clinical and cultural experiences during this overseas trip. Survey response frequencies have been presented and free-text responses have been used to provide further descriptive detail.

Findings:

This international WIL experience appears to have provided a very useful clinical and cultural learning experience for undergraduate paramedicine students.

Discussion:

Consideration should be given to further evaluation activities, and the development of a validated survey instrument, to more effectively measure the quality of non-traditional WIL programmes.
At a glance: Teething
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

Some babies will experience teething with few problems but others will show signs of pain or discomfort, which can be distressing for parents. This article will cover the basic aspects of teething, including advice health visitors can give parents about spotting the signs, providing simple home remedies and easing the symptoms.
Parents' experiences of having an excessively crying baby and implications for support services
Authors: Garratt Rosemary , Bamber Deborah , Powell Charlotte , Long Jaqui , Brown Jayne , Turney Nicole , Chessman Jo , Dyson Sue , James-Roberts Ian St
Published: March 2019

Evidence suggests that around 20% of healthy babies cry for long periods without apparent reason, causing significant distress to parents and a range of adverse outcomes. This study explored parents' experiences of having an excessively crying baby and their suggestions for improved NHS support. Focus groups and interviews with 20 parents identified three key themes: disrupted expectations and experiences of parenthood; stigma and social isolation; seeking support and validation of experience. Parents experienced shock, anxiety and a sense of failure, leading to self-imposed isolation and a reluctance to seek help. Other people's reactions sometimes reinforced their feelings. Parents need more support, including from health professionals, to cope with excessive crying, and recommendations for this support are given.
A Preliminary Report on Aerophytic Cyanoprokaryota and Chlorophyta from Rocky Mountain National Park and Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA
Authors: Smith Thomas , Stephenson Steven L.
Published: March 2019

This paper reports the results of a study of the aerophytic algae from Fraser Research Forest (Fraser, Colorado) and the Loch Vale site in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Ten bark samples from two trees (Engelmann spruce and Douglas fir) were collected from both study sites. A total of 16 species of aerophytic algae were recovered from these samples. Cyanoprokaryota were the dominant group, with 13 species identified (81.2%) and green algae had three species at 18.8%. There were nine species identified from Fraser Experimental Forest and 13 from Loch Vale. There were 14 species identified on Douglas fir and 8 on Engelmann spruce. There was a slight positive trend for higher numbers of species at higher elevations.
Clinical Significance of Impacted Supernumerary Teeth of a Group of Sri Lankan Children Aged 7 to 13 Years
Authors: Herath E. M. U. C. K. , Premathilaka L. K. N. , Perera K. , Jayawardena J. A. C. K.
Published: March 2019

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of impacted supernumerary teeth (SNT) and their sequalae in a group of Sri Lankan children.
Methods: Data were collected from the archives of patient's records and radiographs. Descriptive analysis was made from data using Minitab Statistical Software.
Results: A total number of 58 impacted SNT were found in 49 children. The mean age of the sample was 9.89 ± 2.01 years and male to female ratio was 2.77: 1. Out of 49 subjects 81.6% had one impacted supernumerary tooth and 18.4% had two. The majority of the children with impacted SNT were in the age range of 8-10 years (44.9%) followed by 11-13 years (40.82%) and 5-7 years (14.28%). While 57 (98.3%) SNT were identified in the region of premaxilla only one was seen in the canine region. The commonest shape was conical (63.8%), followed by tuberculate (20.75%), odontomes (12.1%) and supplemental (3.4%) respectively. Regarding the direction of impaction of SNT, many (48.3%) were inverted followed by vertical orientation (37.9%) and other directions (13.78%). The common sequalae associated with impacted SNT were delayed eruption of the permanent teeth (46.55%) and malocclusion (20.68%). There were considerable numbers of cases without any clinical effects (29.31%) at the time of presentation to the clinic. Vertically oriented SNT caused more clinical problems (72.72%) than the inverted impacted SNT (64.28%).
Conclusion: SNT were more prevalent among males (M:F = 2.77:1) than females and were mostly diagnosed in the age range between 8 - 13 years. DPT (Dental Panaromic Tomogram) radiological investigation is suggested when the patient presents with one SNT as there is a tendency for paired supernumeraries.
Polymerization Kinetics, Biodegradation and pH-Responsive Behavior of Poly[(Citric Acid-co-PEG-400)-Ran-(Glycerol)]
Authors: Matin M. Abdul , Mahmud Abu , Islam M. Nurul , Khatun Anjuman Ara , Chowdhury Monishita Nuzhat
Published: March 2019

Poly[(citric acid-co-PEG-400)-ran-(glycerol)] was synthesized in a vacuum reaction vessel in presence of p-toluene sulphonic acid as catalyst. Synthesized co-polyester was characterized by its glass transition temperature (Tg), FTIR spectrum, elemental analysis and equilibrium swelling behaviors in water and in ethanol. Polymerization kinetics of the said copolymer was figured out. Biodegradation nature was monitored following simple soil burial test and microbial degradation study using the bacterium Bacillus subtilis inoculums. Hydrolytic degradation study reveals that the polymer remains almost intact in acid buffer solution of pH 1.2 but was gradually degraded in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4 at 37˚C. Because of having such pH responsive behavior, this co-polyester could be an ideal future candidate for the site targeted drug delivery medium.
Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Spleen in a Patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Unal Betul , Yılmaz Duriye Betul , Koca Gözde , Bassorgun Ibrahim Cumhur , Salim Ozan , Elpek Gülsüm Özlem
Published: March 2019

Inflammatory pseudotumor tumors (IPTs) of the spleen are uncommon lesions of uncertain pathogenesis. A definitive clinical diagnosis is challenging because radiological, as well as gross pathologic features may suggest a lymphoma, an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), or an IPT-like follicular dendritic cell tumor (IPT-FDC).
Herein, we report a case of an IPT of the spleen in a 48-year-old woman who presented with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) symptoms. The results of abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of a splenic mass that continued to enlarge after the recovery from ITP, leading to the suspicion of lymphoma. A splenectomy was performed for diagnostic and curative purposes. The lesion was a non-encapsulated yellowish mass (largest diameter: 4,4 cm). The presence of spindle cells expressing smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and focal CD68 admixed with polymorphous lymphoid infiltrate supported the IPT diagnosis. The negative expression of CD21, CD23, CD35, and ALK excluded inflammatory myofibroblastic and follicular dendritic cell tumors. Any evidence of the recurrence of either ITP or IPTs was not noted 60 months after the operation.
The present case and the review revealed that splenic IPT tends to occur in middle-aged females and diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of specific symptoms or the characteristic hematological or radiological findings. Surgery is the most frequently performed treatment. Although multiple factors have been suggested in the etiology and pathogenesis, previous bleeding may also play a role in the presence of IPTs in patients with ITP. The rare occurrence of splenic IPT and the lack of diagnostic clinical signs and symptoms do not exclude their consideration in the differential diagnosis of spleen tumors, especially in patients with imaging features that cannot rule out malignancy.
Development and Validation of the Mental Health Seeking Apprehension Scale (MHSAS)
Authors: Knowles Simon Robert , Apputhurai Pragalathan
Published: March 2019

As many as 1 in 5 individuals currently experience mental health issues, and that only a minority seek help from mental health professionals. This paper outlines the development and validation of the Mental Health Seeking Apprehension Scale (MHSAS). MHSAS was validated across three studies using both university and community samples. In the first study, exploratory factor analysis revealed a nine-item two-factor scale (N=231), which was confirmed in the second study (N=208). The first factor related to mental health stigma (e.g., embarrassed about help-seeking, not wanting others to know) while the second was related to ambivalence toward seeking help (e.g., nothing changes problems, professional may not be helpful). Based on a combination of Study 1 and 2 datasets, the third study (N=439) analysed MHSAS and help-seeking behaviour. Results suggest that greater perceived stigma and ambivalence were associated with not seeking mental health support and also greater psychological distress. The research provides good preliminary evidence that the MHSAS is a brief psychometrically valid measure of mental health help seeking apprehension. MHSAS can be utilised by health professionals and researchers to screen for apprehension relating to seeking mental health support and identify potential barriers preventing utilisation of mental health services when needed.
Short Communication: Sequence variation of DREB2 gene as a potential molecular marker for identifying resistant plants toward drought stress
Authors: RINI DWI SETYO
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Rini DS. 2019. Short Communication: Sequence variation of DREB2 gene as a potential molecular marker for identifying resistant plants toward drought stress. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 35-43. Drought stress is the most destructive environmental factor affecting agricultural productions worldwide. Drought stress affects around 60 million hectares of agricultural land in Indonesia. Therefore, the selection of crops that can grow well and survive under drought is necessary to overcome the problem of decreased crop yield during stress conditions. DREB2 (Dehydration Responsive Element Binding2) belongs to the Transcription Factor (TF) gene families as a master regulator of plant responses under stress. Due to increased expression by stress, this gene can be used as a molecular marker to identify resistant plants toward drought. However, study the sequence variation of DREB2 is required to understand the character of this gene related to its function at a molecular level. The sequence of DREB2 in several plants was obtained from NCBI and aligned to determine the similarity of the regions. Even though variations were found in N-terminal of DREB2 sequences studied, there was a high similarity of the sequences in the DNA binding domain. It has been predicted that this domain is part of a conserved region in the sequence of DREB2 gene. This domain is then proposed to be used for primer designing purposes to study DREB2 gene expression between plant species.

 Keywords: DREB2, drought stress, sequence variation
Educación Física en el siglo XXI los nuevos retos para su enseñanza
Authors: Coterón López Javier
Published: March 2019

El cambio de paradigma educativo en el que nos encontramos afecta profundamente a las formas y modos de enseñar. En el caso de la Educación Física este cambio viene condicionado por las características y necesidades del alumnado y por la valoración de la práctica de actividad física a nivel social. Abordaremos los principales componentes de este cambio, cómo afectan a nuestra labor docente y esbozaremos algunos de los principios emergentes para guiar y transformar la enseñanza de la Educación Física.
Una experiencia en deporte inclusivo: el evento final
Authors: Ocete Carmen , Pérez Javier
Published: March 2019

El deporte inclusivo es una herramienta facilitadora de la inclusión de alumnos con discapacidad en Educación Física. Su práctica debe promover interacciones de calidad entre los alumnos con y sin discapacidad. El programa educativo Deporte Inclusivo en la Escuela consiste en una serie de actividades y recursos didácticos, dirigidos especialmente a alumnos y profesores de Educación Física, que buscan la participación activa de sus alumnos en las actividades deportivas inclusivas desde un planteamiento educativo en un ambiente motivador y ameno.
Un doctor en la campiña
Authors: Bermúdez Rey M.ª Teresa , Pereira Domínguez Carmen
Published: March 2019

La historia refleja la vida de Jean-Pierre, un médico rural con treinta años de servicio en la campiña francesa. Su vida y profesión están dedicadas por entero a sus pacientes, pero se verán alteradas al recibir el diagnóstico de un tumor cerebral. El tratamiento a seguir implicará una serie de cambios en su rutina (él pretende que sean mínimos); entre ellos está la aceptación de una médico recién graduada, Nathalie, que lo sustituirá y ayudará cuando tenga que acudir a las sesiones de quimioterapia en el hospital de la ciudad. Sin embargo, Nathalie tendrá dificultades para ganarse la confianza de Jean-Pierre, un mal paciente y de carácter difícil. No obstante, una vez despejadas todas las dudas y superadas las tensiones, ella le servirá de gran apoyo. La plena entrega de ambos personajes a su profesión nos mostrará la diferente práctica profesional de la medicina, la rural y la urbana. Aunque, a juicio del protagonista, los dos tipos de intervención médica persigan reparar con el fin de luchar contra la barbarie que supone la enfermedad y la muerte.
Effect of a multivitamin complex and probiotic blend in drinking water before and after vaccination on performance traits, blood biochemistry and humoral immune response of broilers
Authors: Jafarpour N. , Javandel F. , Gamboa S. , Seidavi A. , Tufarelli V. , Mazzei D. , Laudadio V.
Published: March 2019

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a multivitamin complex and probiotic blend in drinking water before and after vaccination on growth performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical parameters and humoral immune response of broiler chickens. A total of 150 one day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups, with three replicates (10 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments consisted of: 1) a basal diet and drinking water without any additives as control (C); 2) C + drinking water + multivitamin complex from 2 days before vaccination until 3 days after vaccination; 3) C + drinking water + multivitamin complex for 3 days after vaccination; 4) C + drinking water + probiotic blend from 2 days before vaccination until 3 days after vaccination; and 5) C + drinking water + probiotic blend for 3 days after vaccination. In the whole experimental period, feed intake, body and thigh weight and abdominal fat were significantly affected (P<0.05) by dietary treatments. On the contrary, no significant effect was observed on carcass characteristics, feed conversion ratio, blood parameters, antibody production against SRBC and IgG. The titer of IgM was higher in treatment (2) than other treatments at 28 d of age (P<0.05). In conclusion, a multivitamin complex supplied in drinking water for 2 days before vaccination till 3 days after vaccination is enable to improve broiler performance and immunity.
Nutritional comparison between dried and ensiled indigofera, papaya and moringa leaves
Authors: Jayanegara A. , Ardani V. , Sukria H. A.
Published: March 2019

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate chemical composition, in vitro fermentation and digestibility of dried and ensiled indigofera, papaya and moringa leaves. The leaves were subjected to artificial drying in an oven at 60oC for 24 h and ensiling treatment for 30 d under room temperature. Dried and ensiled samples were determined for chemical composition, silage fermentation characteristics and in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility. The experimental design was a factorial design 3 × 2 in which the first factor was different leaves (indigofera, papaya and moringa) and the second factor was conservation treatments (drying and ensiling). Determination of chemical composition was performed in duplicate whereas in vitro evaluation was conducted in three replicates. Results showed that ensiling treatment decreased CP contents of indigofera and moringa but not papaya leaves. Ensiling also decreased NDF and NDICP contents of all experimental leaves in comparison to drying treatment. The pH of all silages was high and they were characterized with high ammonia concentrations. Ensiled indigofera tended to have lower IVDMD and IVOMD as compared to dried indigofera (P<0.1). It can be concluded that ensiling of high protein forages leads to considerable extent of proteolysis.
Diagnostic accuracy of glycated hemoglobin for gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Renz Paula B. , Chume Fernando C. , Timm João R.T. , Pimentel Ana L. , Camargo Joíza L.
Published: March 2019

Background

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish the overall accuracy of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and ClinicalTrials.gov up to October 2018, using keywords related to GDM, HbA1c and diagnosis. Studies were included that were carried out with pregnant women without previous diabetes that assessed the performance of HbA1c (index test) compared to the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (reference test) for the diagnosis of GDM, that measured HbA1c by standardized methods and presented data necessary for drawing 2 × 2 tables.

Results

This meta-analysis included eight studies, totaling 6406 pregnant women, of those 1044 had GDM. The diagnostic accuracy of HbA1c was reported at different thresholds ranging from 5.4% (36 mmol/mol) to 6.0% (42 mmol/mol), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.825 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.751–0.899), indicating a good level of overall accuracy. The pooled sensitivities and specificities were 50.3% (95% CI 24.8%–75.7%) and 83.7% (67.5%–92.7%); 24.7% (10.3%–48.5%) and 95.5% (85.7%–98.7%); 10.8% (5.7%–19.41%) and 98.7% (96.2%–99.5%); 12.9% (5.5%–27.5%) and 98.7% (97.6%–99.3%), for the cut-offs of 5.4% (36 mmol/mol), 5.7% (39 mmol/mol), 5.8% (40 mmol/mol) and 6.0% (42 mmol/mol), respectively.

Conclusions

We observed a high heterogeneity among the studies. The effect of ethnicities, different criteria for OGTT interpretation and the individual performance of HbA1c methods may have contributed to this heterogeneity. The HbA1c test presents high specificity but low sensitivity regardless of the threshold used to diagnose GDM. These findings point to the usefulness of HbA1c as a rule-in test. HbA1c should be used in association with other standard diagnostic tests for GDM diagnosis.
Digitalization, Multinationals and Employment: An Empirical Analysis of Their Causal Relationships
Authors: Gómez-Plana Antonio G. , Latorre María C.
Published: March 2019

This study measures the effects of digitalization related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) investment on employment and other economic variables according to firms‘ ownership. We present two computable general equilibrium models (with full employment and with unemployment) which differentiate two types of firms: National and foreign multinationals (MNEs). Both types of firms allow for the substitution between labour and ICT capital. We conclude that ICT investments significantly create jobs and raise real wages, GDP and welfare. The aggregate positive effects are stronger for ICT investment in national firms than in foreign MNEs although the sign of some sectoral effects can be negative. We also analyze the role of wage flexibility in this context, with the most favorable results related to scenarios where wages are more rigid for both cases, when investors are national firms or foreign MNEs. The model is applied to the case of Spain, a country with a high unemployment rate where ICT investment has been large since the mid 1990s.
Trapezoidal Linguistic Cubic Fuzzy TOPSIS Method and Application in a Group Decision Making Program
Authors: Fahmi Aliya , Abdullah Saleem , Amin Fazli , Aslam Muhammad , Hussain Shah
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to define some new operation laws for the trapezoidal linguistic cubic fuzzy number and Hamming distance. Furthermore, we define and use the trapezoidal linguistic cubic fuzzy TOPSIS method to solve the multi criteria decision making (MCDM) method. The new ranking method for trapezoidal linguistic cubic fuzzy numbers (TrLCFNs) are used to rank the alternatives. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify and prove the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Something Old, Something New – Which Way to Go for Rule of Law Projects in the Agenda 2030 Era?
Authors: Bakibinga-Gaswaga Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

Africa and the developing world have been the theatre of countless rules of law assistance projects since the end of World War II, with mixed results. While the reasons for the mixed results vary from project to project and from country to country, this paper seeks to address the limitations that arise right from project inception, reviews the cycle of project management from problem construction to monitoring and evaluation, taking into account the core and secondary aspects of project management such as scope, budget, quality, schedule, as well as stakeholder engagement, communication, risk management and performance management. With a focus on the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030, the paper addresses the following aspects: identify challenges of past approaches of major development partners and interrogate the current shift in paradigm by the World Bank, United Nations and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DfID). It will consider lessons from complexity and other methodologies, theories of change, theoretical frameworks, and the Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) model as tools for doing development differently. The paper concludes with recommendations on improving the effectiveness of rule of law programmes, including a better approach to project design that makes allowance for results based programming, ease of adaptation, reflective learning through after action reviews and lessons learned from military science’s doctrines and practices in the management of complex operations. The paper also recommends, back and forth iteration and better stakeholder engagement, including at the lowest level of governance (local contextualization), to increase effectiveness of rule of law and change in mind-sets especially donor and development partner ideology.
Comparison of Lactate and Electromyographical Thresholds After an Exercise Bout
Authors: Snarr Ronald L. , Esco Michael R. , Tolusso Danilo V. , Hallmark Ashleigh V. , Earley Ryan L. , Higginbotham John C. , Fedewa Michael V. , Bishop Philip
Published: March 2019

Snarr, RL, Esco, MR, Tolusso, DV, Hallmark, AV, Earley, RL, Higginbotham, JC, Fedewa, MV, and Bishop, P. Comparison of lactate and electromyographical thresholds after an exercise bout. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3322–3331, 2019—The electromyographical threshold (EMGT) has been previously validated as a means to predict the work rate at which lactate threshold (LT) occurs. The reliability of these measures has yet to be examined after a bout of exercise. The purpose was to determine the agreement between electromyography (EMG) and LT after a 30-minute bout of steady-state aerobic exercise. Participants completed 2 graded exercise tests (GXT) on a cycle ergometer separated by 30 minutes of steady-state exercise. Blood lactate was measured the last 45 seconds of each stage during both GXTs, whereas EMG of the vastus lateralis was monitored continuously. Individual agreement demonstrated that pre-exercise and post-exercise LT occurred at the same work rate in 2 of 10 participants, whereas EMGT occurred at the same work rate in 6 of 10 participants. Results showed no mean difference between work rates for LT or EMG threshold for the pre-exercise GXT, but LT was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than EMGT during the post-exercise GXT. Post-GXT LT work rates were also determined to be significantly lower than pre-GXT LT (p = 0.034), whereas no differences existed in EMG thresholds. Although both LT and EMGT testing may display similar properties, they are not interchangeable. The physiological responses to increasing exercise intensity between La and EMG signaling seem to be associated, and their interaction may not be cause-effect. Because of poor individual agreement, caution should be used when determining LT through the use of EMG. Further research is needed to determine the ability of these 2 metrics to prescribe training intensities.
Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Seven Commercially Available Devices for the Assessment of Movement Velocity at Different Intensities During the Bench Press
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Piepoli Antonio , Delgado-García Gabriel , Garrido-Blanca Gabriel , García-Ramos Amador
Published: March 2019

Pérez-Castilla, A, Piepoli, A, Delgado-García, G, Garrido-Blanca, G, and García-Ramos, A. Reliability and concurrent validity of seven commercially available devices for the assessment of movement velocity at different intensities during the bench press. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1258–1265, 2019—The aim of this study was to compare the reliability and validity of 7 commercially available devices to measure movement velocity during the bench press exercise. Fourteen men completed 2 testing sessions. One-repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press exercise was determined in the first session. The second testing session consisted of performing 3 repetitions against 5 loads (45, 55, 65, 75, and 85% of 1RM). The mean velocity was simultaneously measured using an optical motion sensing system (Trio-OptiTrack; “gold-standard”) and 7 commercially available devices: 1 linear velocity transducer (T-Force), 2 linear position transducers (Chronojump and Speed4Lift), 1 camera-based optoelectronic system (Velowin), 1 smartphone application (PowerLift), and 2 inertial measurement units (IMUs) (PUSH band and Beast sensor). The devices were ranked from the most to the least reliable as follows: (a) Speed4Lift (coefficient of variation [CV] = 2.61%); (b) Velowin (CV = 3.99%), PowerLift (3.97%), Trio-OptiTrack (CV = 4.04%), T-Force (CV = 4.35%), and Chronojump (CV = 4.53%); (c) PUSH band (CV = 9.34%); and (d) Beast sensor (CV = 35.0%). A practically perfect association between the Trio-OptiTrack system and the different devices was observed (Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (r) range = 0.947–0.995; p < 0.001) with the only exception of the Beast sensor (r = 0.765; p < 0.001). These results suggest that linear velocity/position transducers, camera-based optoelectronic systems, and the smartphone application could be used to obtain accurate velocity measurements for restricted linear movements, whereas the IMUs used in this study were less reliable and valid.
Epilepsy-Induced Reduction in HCN Channel Expression Contributes to an Increased Excitability in Dorsal, But Not Ventral, Hippocampal CA1 Neurons
Authors: Arnold Elizabeth C. , McMurray Calli , Gray Richard , Johnston Daniel
Published: March 2019

CA1 neurons in epileptic animals are vulnerable to selective changes in ion channel expression, called acquired channelopathies, which can increase the excitability of a neuron. Under normal conditions there is a gradient of ion channel expression and intrinsic excitability along the longitudinal, dorsoventral axis of hippocampal area CA1 of the rodent. Many of these channels, including M-channels, GIRK channels and HCN channels, all have dorsoventral expression gradients that might be altered in rodent models of epilepsy. Here, we show that the excitability of dorsal, but not ventral CA1 neurons, had an increased firing rate, reduced interspike interval (ISI) and increased input resistance in a status epilepticus (SE) model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). As a result, the excitability of CA1 neurons became uniform across the dorsoventral axis of the rat hippocampus post-SE. Using current clamp recordings with pharmacology and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that the expression of HCN channels was downregulated in the dorsal CA1 region post-SE, while the expression of M and GIRK channels were unchanged. We did not find this acquired channelopathy in ventral CA1 neurons post-SE. Our results suggest that the excitability of dorsal CA1 neurons post-SE increase to resemble the intrinsic properties of ventral CA1 neurons, which likely makes the hippocampal circuit more permissible to seizures, and contributes to the cognitive impairments associated with chronic epilepsy.
Genotype–phenotype correlations in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis
Authors: Crona Joakim , Lamarca Angela , Ghosal Suman , Welin Staffan , Skogseid Britt , Pacak Karel
Published: March 2019

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) can be divided into at least four molecular subgroups. Whether such categorizations are independent factors for prognosis or metastatic disease is unknown. We performed a systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis aiming to estimate if driver mutation status can predict metastatic disease and survival. Driver mutations were used to categorize patients according to three different molecular systems: two subgroups (SDHB mutated or wild type), three subgroups (pseudohypoxia, kinase signaling or Wnt/unknown) and four subgroups (tricarboxylic acid cycle, VHL/EPAS1, kinase signaling or Wnt/unknown). Twenty-one studies and 703 patients were analyzed. Multivariate models for association with metastasis showed correlation with SDHB mutation (OR 5.68 (95% CI 1.79–18.06)) as well as norepinephrine (OR 3.01 (95% CI 1.02–8.79)) and dopamine (OR 6.39 (95% CI 1.62–25.24)) but not to PPGL location. Other molecular systems were not associated with metastasis. In multivariate models for association with survival, age (HR 1.04 (95% CI 1.02–1.06)) and metastases (HR 6.13 (95% CI 2.86–13.13)) but neither paraganglioma nor SDHB mutation remained significant. Other molecular subgroups did not correlate with survival. We conclude that molecular categorization accordingly to SDHB provided independent information on the risk of metastasis. Driver mutations status did not correlate independently with survival. These data may ultimately be used to guide current and future risk stratification of PPGL.