bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrolytic Reduction of U3O8 and U3O8-MoO3 in CaCl2-NaCl Molten Salt
Authors: Ji Nan , Peng Hao , Jiang Feng , Chen Hao , Huang Wei , Gong Yu
Published: October 2022

Electro-deoxidation technology plays an important role in both industrial production and spent fuel reprocessing. In this work, the cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and open circuit chronopotentiometry (OCP) were applied to study the electrochemical behavior of U3O8 and MoO3 cathode in the CaCl2-NaCl melt at 873 K. The electrolytic reduction of U3O8-MoO3 was conducted at −2.38 V (vs Ag/AgCl) for 3.8 h, and the reduced production of metallic U and Mo was successfully confirmed by XRD analysis.
Triglyceride Glucose Index Was a Predictor of 6-Month Readmission Caused by Pulmonary Infection of Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Shi Licheng , Liu Jianan , Zhu Xuanfeng , Li Tiantian , Wen Jingli , Wang Xinyu , Qi Xu
Published: October 2022

Objectives. Insulin resistance is associated with the prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients. The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a simple marker of insulin resistance. However, it remains unclear whether the TyG index is associated with the incidence of readmission in patients with HF. Methods. We enrolled 901 patients with completed records on serum triglyceride and glucose in our study. The TyG index was calculated as log (fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) x fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2). There were 310 cases of readmission and the average TyG index was 7.8 ± 0.7. Restricted cubic spline was fitted to explore the linearity of TyG index associating with 6-month readmission of HF patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between TyG index quartile and the incidence of 6-month readmission. Results. Only the 6-month readmission was significantly different among TyG quartiles, and it was the highest (41.9%) in the lowest quartile (ranging 6.17∼7.36). the TyG index was nonlinearly associated with 6-month readmission (

p

for nonlinearity = 0.009), with the lower level of TyG index increasing the risk of 6-month readmission. Besides, multivariable logistic analysis showed that the lowest TyG quartile was associated with a higher incidence of 6-month readmission in the unadjusted model (odds ratio [OR] 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–2.57;

p
=
0.005

), partially adjusted model (OR 1.82, 95%CI 1.22–2.72;

p
=
0.004

), and fully-adjusted model (OR 1.65, 95%CI 1.09–2.45;

p
=
0.024

). The association was consistent across gender and diabetes group. Conclusion. A lower TyG index independently increased the risk of 6-month readmission in HF patients, which could be a prognostic factor in heart failure.
Do Deepfakes Adequately Display Emotions? A Study on Deepfake Facial Emotion Expression
Authors: López-Gil Juan-Miguel , Gil Rosa , García Roberto
Published: October 2022

Recent technological advancements in Artificial Intelligence make it easy to create deepfakes and hyper-realistic videos, in which images and video clips are processed to create fake videos that appear authentic. Many of them are based on swapping faces without the consent of the person whose appearance and voice are used. As emotions are inherent in human communication, studying how deepfakes transfer emotional expressions from original to fakes is relevant. In this work, we conduct an in-depth study on facial emotional expression in deepfakes using a well-known face swap-based deepfake database. Firstly, we extracted the photograms from their videos. Then, we analyzed the emotional expression in the original and faked versions of video recordings for all performers in the database. Results show that emotional expressions are not adequately transferred between original recordings and the deepfakes created from them. High variability in emotions and performers detected between original and fake recordings indicates that performer emotion expressiveness should be considered for better deepfake generation or detection.
Fractional Dimensionless Indicator with Random Forest for Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Speed Conditions
Authors: Huang Yujing , Xu Zhi , Cao Liang , Hu Hao , Tang Gang
Published: October 2022

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings under variable speed is a common issue in engineering practice, but it lacks an effective diagnosis algorithm, while approaches developed for steady speed cannot be directly applied. Therefore, for effectively identifying bearing faults under variable speed, this paper proposed a multiscale fractional dimensionless indicator (MSFDI) and put forward a fault diagnosis method with random forest (RF). It can overcome the feature space aliasing problem of traditional dimensionless indicators, which will lead to increased diagnosis uncertainty. The multiorder fractional Fourier transform is carried out on bearing signals to get a series of fractional Fourier domain components, which will be used to construct the original MSFDI feature set. Moreover, reliefF selects the sensitive MSFDIs as the input of the RF algorithm to determine the health condition. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments and case studies.
Local-Scale Weather Forecasts over a Complex Terrain in an Early Warning Framework: Performance Analysis for the Val d’Agri (Southern Italy) Case Study
Authors: Giunta Giuseppe , Ceppi Alessandro , Salerno Raffaele
Published: October 2022

Forecasting applications based on hourly meteorological predictions for weather variables are nowadays used in energy market operations, planning of gas and power supply, and renewable energy, among others. Available meteorological and climatological data, as well as critical thresholds of rainfall, may also have a key role in the hazard classification, related to slope instabilities of pipelines and critical infrastructures along routes. The present study concerns the performance of a weather forecast model in the framework of an early warning system (EWS) application, which supports the integrity management of oil and gas pipelines. This EWS has been applied on to a specific area: the Val d’Agri basin in the Basilicata region of Southern Italy, which is extensively affected by several landslides and floods. The hourly precipitation forecasts are provided by a dedicated meteorological model, the KALM-HD, using two different horizontal resolutions, 1.25 and 5 km, to analyze possible influences of the mesh grid size as well. On this area, several weather stations were specifically deployed to obtain observed data in a region where hydrogeological hazards are relevant for asset management. A comparison among observations and the KALM-HD scaled forecasts on six of these weather stations is presented to assess the model performance. Besides, precipitation, temperature, and wind speed are evaluated as well. The forecasting analysis is performed considering two years of data both on an overall and seasonal basis. Results show that the KALM-HD performs well with the 1.25 km grid, particularly on temperature and wind speed variables. Since weather stations can be gathered in two main sets depending on their positions, differences arise in the forecast quality of these two groups, related to orography and thermal effects, whose detection is difficult in the typical narrow valleys characterizing the area of study. This issue prevalently influences temperatures and local winds, which, these latter, are generally underestimated, while precipitation is mainly driven by synoptic circulation and its interaction with mesoscale meteorological features.
Development and Validation of Ferroptosis‐Related lncRNAs as Prognosis and Diagnosis Biomarkers for Breast Cancer
Authors: Yao Zhi-Yong , Xing Chaoqun , Cai Shanshan , Xing Xiao-Liang
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies affecting women. Ferroptosis is a novel cancer treatment option. The present study is aimed to identify suitable ferroptosis‐related lncRNAs to predict and diagnose BC. Differential expression and Cox regression analyses were used to screen suitable prognostic biomarkers and construct a suitable risk model. We identified four ferroptosis‐related differentially expressed lncRNAs (FR‐DELs) (LINC01152, AC004585.1, MAPT‐IT1, and AC026401.3), which were independently correlated with the overall survival of BC patients. The area under the curve value of the prognostic model using those four biomarkers was over 0.60 in all three groups. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic model using those four biomarkers were 86.89% and 86.73%, respectively. Our present study indicated that these four FR‐DELs (LINC01152, AC004585.1, MAPT‐IT1, and AC026401.3) could be prognostic biomarkers for BC, although clinical validation studies are required.
Self-Directed Neurofeedback Treatment for Subjective Tinnitus Patients Evaluated by Multimodal Functional Imaging
Authors: Ma Xiaoyan , Wang Fangyuan , Zhang Chi , Shen Weidong , Yang Shiming
Published: October 2022

Neurofeedback (NFB) is a relatively novel approach to the treatment of tinnitus, and prior studies have demonstrated that the increases in alpha activity rather than reduced delta power seem to drive these NFB-related improvements in tinnitus symptoms. The present study was therefore designed to explore whether the implementation of an alpha training protocol with a portable neurofeedback apparatus would achieve improvements in tinnitus patient symptoms. In this study, 38 tinnitus patients underwent NFB training while 18 were enrolled in a control group. The study was single-blinded such that only participants were not aware of their group assignments. Those in the NFB group underwent 15 NFB training sessions over 5 weeks, in addition to pre- and posttraining tests including the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ), visual analog scales (VAS), electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our result find that when the THI, THQ, and VAS scores of patients in the two groups were assessed after a 5-week training period, these scores were unchanged in control patients whereas they had significantly improved in the NFB group patients. EEG analyses revealed that the alpha band was increased in the occipital lobe following NFB treatment, while fMRI indicated an increase in regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the right frontal lobe of patients in the NFB group after treatment that was negatively correlated with THI and VAS scores. The results of this analysis indicate that alpha NFB training can be effectively used to reduce tinnitus-related distress and sound perception in patients.
Association of Polymorphisms in NHEJ Pathway Genes with HIV-1 Infection and AIDS Progression in a Northern Chinese MSM Population
Authors: Zhang Xuelong , Wang Xi , Mo Han , Hu Yuanting , Yang Yi , Yang Xun , Wu Jiawei , Liu Bangquan , Xu Lidan , Sun Haiming , Jia Xueyuan , Wang Ping , Wang Kaili , Sun Wenjing , Fu Songbin , Qiao Yuandong
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of HIV infection. The nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway is the main way of double-stranded DNA break (DSB) repair in the higher eukaryotes and can repair the DSB timely at any time in cell cycle. It is also indicated that the NHEJ pathway is associated with HIV-1 infection since the DSB in host genome DNA occurs in the process of HIV-1 integration. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NHEJ pathway genes with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression among MSM residing in northern China. Methods. A total of 481 HIV-1 seropositive men and 493 HIV-1 seronegative men were included in this case-control study. Genotyping of 22 SNPs in NHEJ pathway genes was performed using the SNPscan™ Kit. Results. Positive associations were observed between XRCC6 rs132770 and XRCC4 rs1056503 genotypes and the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. In gene-gene interaction analysis, significant SNP-SNP interactions of XRCC6 and XRCC4 genetic variations were found to play a potential role in the risk of HIV-1 infection. In stratified analysis, XRCC5 rs16855458 was significantly associated with CD4+ T cell counts in AIDS patients, whereas LIG4 rs1805388 was linked to the clinical phases of AIDS patients. Conclusions. NHEJ gene polymorphisms can be considered to be risk factors of HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression in the northern Chinese MSM population.
Outlier Detection of Gravity Dam Deformation Monitoring Data Based on the Multiple Local Outlier Coefficient Method
Authors: Li Bin , Bai Xingping , Li Jun , Wang Lirong
Published: October 2022

In the deformation monitoring data of gravity dams, a few outliers are often found, which will have adverse effects on the monitoring of model building and other data analysis work. In this study, the multiple local outlier coefficient method was proposed to quickly detect the outlier data in real time and to provide high-quality data for subsequent data analysis. This method was based on the idea of distance in the outlier detection algorithm, aiming at laws and characteristics of gravity dam deformation monitoring data. First, the basic principle, calculation steps, and basic features of the multiple local outlier coefficient method were studied. Then, for the two important parameters of the algorithm, the appropriate window length was selected using autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation analysis, and the appropriate threshold values were selected using the 3σ criterion, maximum method, and empirical method. Finally, an engineering example was used to verify that the algorithm could accurately detect the outliers in the gravity dam deformation monitoring data, and the deviation degree and meaning of the outliers were understood according to the calculated outlier coefficient. The multiple local outlier coefficient method has the advantages of a simple calculation principle, fast calculation speed, real-time detection, and a clear meaning of calculation results. By selecting the appropriate parameters, the method could satisfy the outlier detection of different types of data, offering an advantage in adapting to the computing demand of massive monitoring data and improving the intelligence and real-time monitoring of dam safety.
Metallocene Polyolefins Reinforced by Low-Entanglement UHMWPE through Interfacial Entanglements
Authors: Tang Xin , Xing Jinheng , Yan Xiang , Ye Chunlin , Zhang Letian , Zhang Yu , Shu Baoqiang , Mu Jingshan , Li Wei , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong
Published: October 2022

By introducing low-entanglement UHMWPE, the mechanical properties of polyolefins are improved to varying degrees. For polypropylene, the lack of interaction between UHMWPE and polypropylene results in an unsatisfactory reinforcement effect, and the disentangled state makes it easier for the particles to form defects driven by a chain explosion. In contrast, regarding polyethylene and elastomer containing ethylene segments, low-entanglement UHMWPE plays a better role in reinforcement. A series of measurements including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheological measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical measurement were used to investigate the mechanisms for the different enhancement effects. It originates from interdiffusion and entanglement forming of polyethylene segments across the interface, endowing the material with different aggregated and defect structures. For instance, EPDM possesses a higher optimal dosage of UHMWPE particles reflected in good interfacial interdiffusion with UHMWPE particles, leading to significant optimized mechanical performance.
Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Two Chordoma Subtypes Associated with Distinct Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Bai Jiwei , Shi Jianxin , Zhang Yazhuo , Li Chuzhong , Xiong Yujia , Koka Hela , Wang Difei , Zhang Tongwu , Song Lei , Luo Wen , Zhu Bin , Hicks Belynda , Hutchinson Amy , Kirk Erin , Troester Melissa A. , Li Mingxuan , Shen Yutao , Ma Tianshun , Wang Junmei , Liu Xing , Wang Shuai , Gui Songbai , McMaster Mary L. , Chanock Stephen J. , Parry Dilys M. , Goldstein Alisa M. , Yang Xiaohong R.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Chordoma is a rare bone tumor with a high recurrence rate and limited treatment options. The aim of this study was to identify molecular subtypes of chordoma that may improve clinical management.

Experimental Design:

We conducted RNA sequencing in 48 tumors from patients with Chinese skull-base chordoma and identified two major molecular subtypes. We then replicated the classification using a NanoString panel in 48 patients with chordoma from North America.

Results:

Tumors in one subtype were more likely to have somatic mutations and reduced expression in chromatin remodeling genes, such as PBRM1 and SETD2, whereas the other subtype was characterized by the upregulation of genes in epithelial–mesenchymal transition and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. IHC staining of top differentially expressed genes between the two subtypes in 312 patients with Chinese chordoma with long-term follow-up data showed that the expression of some markers such as PTCH1 was significantly associated with survival outcomes.

Conclusions:

Our findings may improve the understanding of subtype-specific tumorigenesis of chordoma and inform clinical prognostication and targeted options.
Antonio Candido, leitor de literatura hispano-americana
Authors: Rocca Pablo
Published: October 2022

Uma primeira versão deste texto foi lido na abertura do XIV Seminário Internacional de História da Literatura, dirigido pela Drª Maria Eunice Moreira, em 9/X/2021, a quem sou grato por seu gentil convite. Este texto será destinado a um livro que reunirá as comunicações. Por sua vez, uma versão do mesmo texto em espanhol, que não inclui as anotações sobre o curso ministrado em 1960 em Montevidéu, já que, por acaso, estas foram achadas depois, apareceu na revista Hispamérica, Maryland, Nº 151, 2022, graças ao gentil convite do Dr. Saúl Sosnowski.
The Disintegration of State–Society Relations and Its Moderating Effects on Japanese Diplomacy towards China
Authors: Zhang Yun
Published: October 2022

In most of the scholarship on diplomacy, whether historical or contemporary, the governmental elite-based perspective has consistently dominated. The societisation of diplomacy is the process of legitimisation of foreign policy deliberations between state and society, both domestically and internationally. This article argues that there are two types of societisation: internal and external. It defines the former as a dynamic political communication process comprising diplomatic policy deliberation and legitimisation between state and society in a domestic context. The internal dimension is yet to receive sufficient academic and practical attention. This article fills the gap in the literature on the internal societisation of diplomacy through an empirical case study of Japan’s diplomacy towards China. It shows that the unsuccessful internal societisation of diplomacy has had moderating effects on Japan’s diplomacy towards China.
Paths Crossing in Damascus: Familiarity with Persian among Eleventh/Seventeenth-Century Arabic Literati
Authors: Beers Theodore S.
Published: October 2022

This article explores the phenomenon of familiarity with Persian among Arabic literati of the early modern period, with a focus on the eleventh/seventeenth century. It has long been recognized, in a general sense, that some scholars from the Ottoman Arab world had knowledge of Persian literature. Only recently have we seen the beginnings of detailed research on this topic. In the current article, the works of four authors are examined with an eye toward their discussion of things Persian or Iranian: Muḥammad Amīn al-Muḥibbī (d. 1111/1699), Shihāb al-Dīn al-Khafājī (d. 1069/1659), Ḥasan al-Būrīnī (d. 1024/1615), and ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī (d. 1143/1731). We find that, although familiarity with Persian was far from unheard-of in Arabic literary circles, the degree of interest varied widely. At one extreme is al-Muḥibbī, who goes out of his way to share samples of the work of prominent Persian poets that he has translated into Arabic. Closer to the opposite end of the spectrum is al-Khafājī, of whom it is not obvious whether he could read Persian. The remaining authors fall somewhere in between. One insight that becomes clearer through this study is that Ottoman Damascus was a place in which Persian could be learned. There were enough migrants and visitors from the Persianate realm, and sufficient circulation of texts, that a scholar like al-Būrīnī could attain fluency without traveling.
Losing the Plot in Seventeenth-Century Istanbul: Satire and Sociability in the Maqāma Rūmiyya
Authors: Ghraowi Ghayde
Published: October 2022

This article provides a close reading of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Khafājī’s (d. 1069/1659) Maqāma Rūmiyya, a narrative work detailing the journey of an Arab scholar to Istanbul who then satirizes his Rūmī counterparts in acerbic fashion. Despite its notoriety, the cursory scholarly attention paid to the text has either merely observed the maqāma’s departure from the genre’s classical structure or mentioned its immediate context, al-Khafājī’s dispute with the Grand Mufti in Istanbul. Firstly, I demonstrate that the text is a deeply layered adab work, one highly referential of and intertextual with the Arabic literary tradition, which aims not only at satirical entertainment but also at serious moral import. Secondly, I assert that al-Khafājī loosely utilized the maqāma genre to express personal anxieties over imperial politics and cultural difference. I consider how al-Khafājī’s digressive sections on generosity and rulership get at the core of what really concerns him: sociability among learned Muslims.
Host plants of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Morocco
Authors: HARYM YOUNES EL , BELQAT BOUTAÏNA , NORRBOM ALLEN
Published: October 2022

A list of 128 host plant species of Tephritidae from Morocco is provided. Of these plants, 34 are reported for the first time as hosts for Tephritidae in Morocco, while 41 taxa are newly discovered hosts for Tephritidae globally. Six species are confirmed as host plants. A total of 41 species of Tephritidae were reared from flowers, flower heads, galls, or fleshy fruits collected in the field and brought to the laboratory for rearing. For these tephritid species, the host plants in Morocco were studied for the first time. Illustrations of some endemic host plant species are also provided.
Effective Density Derived from Laboratory Measurements of the Vapor Growth Rates of Small Ice Crystals at −65° to −40°C
Authors: Pokrifka Gwenore F. , Moyle Alfred M. , Harrington Jerry Y.
Published: October 2022

An electrodynamic levitation thermal-gradient diffusion chamber was used to grow 268 individual, small ice particles (initial radii of 8–26 μm) from the vapor, at temperatures ranging from −65° to −40°C, and supersaturations up to liquid saturation. Growth limited by attachment kinetics was frequently measured at low supersaturation, as shown in prior work. At high supersaturation, enhanced growth was measured, likely due to the development of branches and hollowed facets. The effects of branching and hollowing on particle growth are often treated with an effective density ρeff. We fit the measured time series with two different models to estimate size-dependent ρeff values: the first model decreases ρeff to an asymptotic deposition density ρdep, and the second models ρeff by a power law with exponent P. Both methods produce similar results, though the fits with ρdep typically have lower relative errors. The fit results do not correspond well with models of isometric or planar single-crystalline growth. While single-crystalline columnar crystals correspond to some of the highest growth rates, a newly constructed geometric model of budding rosette crystals produces the best match with the growth data. The relative frequency of occurrence of ρdep and P values show a clear dependence on ice supersaturation normalized to liquid saturation. We use these relative frequencies of ρdep and P to derive two supersaturation-dependent mass–size relationships suitable for cloud modeling applications.
Rainfall and Convection in ERA5 and MERRA-2 over the Northern Equatorial Western Pacific during PISTON
Authors: Serra Yolande L. , Rutledge Steven A. , Chudler Kyle , Zhang Chidong
Published: October 2022

This study evaluates rainfall, cloudiness, and related fields in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts fifth-generation climate reanalysis (ERA5) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), gridded global reanalysis products against observations from the Office of Naval Research’s Propagation of Intraseasonal Tropical Oscillations (PISTON) field campaign. We focus on the first PISTON cruise, which took place from August to October 2018 in the northern equatorial western Pacific Ocean. We find biases in the mean surface heat and radiative fluxes consistent with observed biases in high and low cloud fraction and convective activity in the reanalyses. Biases in the high, middle, and low cloud fraction are also consistent with the biases in the thermodynamic profiles, with positive biases in upper-level humidity associated with excessive high cloud in both products, whereas negative biases in humidity above the boundary layer are associated with too few low and middle clouds and increased static stability. ERA5 exhibits a profile that is more top-heavy than that of MERRA-2 during periods dominated by MCSs and stronger upward motion during rainy periods, consistent with higher total rainfall in this product during PISTON. The coarser grid size in MERRA-2 relative to ERA5 and the fact that MERRA-2 did not assimilate PISTON data likely both contribute to the overall larger biases seen in MERRA-2. The observed biases in the reanalyses during PISTON have also been seen in comparisons of these products with satellite data, suggesting that the results of this study are more broadly applicable.
Decadal Variability of the Pacific Shallow Overturning Circulation and the Role of Local Wind Forcing
Authors: Capotondi Antonietta , Qiu Bo
Published: October 2022

The Pacific shallow meridional overturning circulations, known as subtropical cells (STCs), link subduction in the subtropical regions to equatorial upwelling, suggesting the possibility for subtropical winds to influence equatorial sea surface temperatures (SSTs) by altering the STCs’ strength. Indeed, STC variability provides the basis for one of the mechanisms proposed to explain the origin of tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV). While the relationship between STC strength, as measured by their subsurface transport convergence, and equatorial SST variations is well documented, the location of the wind forcing most influential on STC variability is still being debated. In this study, we use the output of an ocean reanalysis to examine tropical Pacific Ocean surface and subsurface decadal changes during recent decades and relate them to STC variability and surface wind forcing. Our results indicate that the STC interior transport at each latitude is largely controlled by the wind forcing at that latitude rather than induced by remote subtropical wind variations. We also show that the establishment of the anomalous transport at each latitude is associated with the westward propagation of oceanic wind-forced Rossby waves, as part of the ocean adjustment process that also leads to a zonal redistribution of upper-ocean heat content at both interannual and decadal time scales. These results provide guidance for understanding the origin of TPDV by elucidating the underlying dynamics of STC variability and can have practical implications for monitoring STC variability in the tropical Pacific.

Significance Statement

Slow variations of the surface ocean temperature in the tropical Pacific Ocean have been shown to affect the global climate. Our study aims at better understanding the origin of these temperature anomalies by taking a closer look at the upper ocean circulation variability and its relationship with surface wind forcing. Unlike previous studies, which have related the upper ocean circulation changes to wind variations outside the tropical Pacific, we show here that the variations in upper-ocean circulation are primarily driven by local winds. This result not only clarifies which winds are most important, but also suggests a practical approach for monitoring circulation changes from surface observations.
Statistical and Dynamical Characteristics of Extreme Wave Crests Assessed with Field Measurements from the North Sea
Authors: Malila Mika P. , Barbariol Francesco , Benetazzo Alvise , Breivik Øyvind , Magnusson Anne Karin , Thomson Jim , Ward Brian
Published: October 2022

Wave crests of unexpected height and steepness pose a danger to activities at sea, and long-term field measurements provide important clues for understanding the environmental conditions that are conducive to their generation and behavior. We present a novel dataset of high-frequency laser altimeter measurements of the sea surface elevation gathered over a period of 18 years from 2003 to 2020 on an offshore platform in the central North Sea. Our analysis of crest height distributions in the dataset shows that mature, high sea states with high spectral steepness and narrow directional spreading exhibit crest height statistics that significantly deviate from standard second-order models. Conversely, crest heights in developing sea states with similarly high steepness but wide directional spread correspond well to second-order theory adjusted for broad frequency bandwidth. The long-term point time series measurements are complemented with space–time stereo video observations from the same location, collected during five separate storm events during the 2019/20 winter season. An examination of the crest dynamics of the space–time extreme wave crests in the stereo video dataset reveals that the crest speeds exhibit a slowdown localized around the moment of maximum crest elevation, in line with prevailing theory on nonlinear wave group dynamics. Extending on previously published observations focused on breaking crests, our results are consistent for both breaking and nonbreaking extreme crests. We show that wave crest steepness estimated from time series using the linear dispersion relation may overestimate the geometrically measured crest steepness by up to 25% if the crest speed slowdown is not taken into account.

Significance Statement

Better understanding of the statistics and dynamical behavior of extreme ocean surface wave crests is crucial for improving the safety of various operations at sea. Our study provides new, long-term field evidence of the combined effects of wave field steepness and directionality on the statistical distributions of crest heights in storm conditions. Moreover, we show that the dynamical characteristics of extreme wave crests are well described by recently identified nonlinear wave group dynamics. This finding has implications, for example, for wave force calculations and the treatment of wave breaking in numerical wave models.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas: Contemporary Classification and Correlates
Authors: Howard Donald R. , Batsakis John G.
Published: October 2022

Recent advances in immunology have resulted in an entirely new approach to the classification of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas based on immune function. Previous classifications, still in use today, are based on morphology and although prognostically useful, are imprecise and include diverse disease entities. The present report reviews the evolution of these classifications and emphasizes the prognostic, therapeutic, and conceptual advantages of the functional (immunologic) approach to the study of lymphomas.
Bell's Palsy in Children
Authors: Jenkins Herman A. , Herzog Jacques A. , Coker Newton J.
Published: October 2022

Bell's palsy in children occurs infrequently and carries a good prognosis for ultimate recovery. However, results of electrical testing have been reported only sparsely. This paper details the authors' experience with five patients under age 18 who met the criteria for facial nerve decompression in adults. All underwent decompression via the middle fossa and manifested a lesion of the nerve, ie, edema and hyperemia in the geniculate ganglion, meatal foramen, and internal auditory canal. A discussion of pathogenesis and a literature review is included.
Multiview Videoendoscopic Evaluation of Velopharyngeal Physiology in 15 Normal Speakers
Authors: Karnell Michael P. , Morris H. L.
Published: October 2022

Oral and nasal videoendoscopic procedures, when used in tandem, could provide a more useful analysis of velopharyngeal physiology than either procedure used alone. The purposes of this research were 1) to document observed differences between the two approaches when applied to the examination of velopharyngeal function and 2) to determine the advantages and disadvantages of using oral and nasal endoscopy as tandem diagnostic tools. The results indicated that patterns of velopharyngeal closure as observed from both the oral and nasal views are in approximately 60% agreement. Differences between the two perspectives most frequently involve the relative contributions of the pharyngeal walls. These differences are attributed to important physiologic variations along the vertical plane of the velopharynx. The data indicate that using oral and nasal videoendoscopy as tandem diagnostic procedures can result in improved understanding of velopharyngeal physiology. The issues of interference with speech movements and patient compliance are discussed.
A Review of Human Performance Models for Prediction of Driver Behavior and Interactions With In-Vehicle Technology
Authors: Park Junho , Zahabi Maryam
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study investigated the use of human performance modeling (HPM) approach for prediction of driver behavior and interactions with in-vehicle technology.

Background

HPM has been applied in numerous human factors domains such as surface transportation as it can quantify and predict human performance; however, there has been no integrated literature review for predicting driver behavior and interactions with in-vehicle technology in terms of the characteristics of methods used and variables explored.

Method

A systematic literature review was conducted using Compendex, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. As a result, 100 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed by the authors. Model characteristics and variables were summarized to identify the research gaps and to provide a lookup table to select an appropriate method.

Results

The findings provided information on how to select an appropriate HPM based on a combination of independent and dependent variables. The review also summarized the characteristics, limitations, applications, modeling tools, and theoretical bases of the major HPMs.

Conclusion

The study provided a summary of state-of-the-art on the use of HPM to model driver behavior and use of in-vehicle technology. We provided a table that can assist researchers to find an appropriate modeling approach based on the study independent and dependent variables.

Application

The findings of this study can facilitate the use of HPM in surface transportation and reduce the learning time for researchers especially those with limited modeling background.
Influence of nitric oxide signaling mechanisms in cancer
Authors: Ramírez-Patiño R , Avalos-Navarro G , Figuera LE , Varela-Hernández JJ , Bautista-Herrera LA , Muñoz-Valle JF , Gallegos-Arreola MP
Published: October 2022

Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule with multiple biological functions that is involved in various pathophysiological processes such as neurotransmission and blood vessel relaxation as well as the endocrine system, immune system, growth factors, and cancer. However, in the carcinogenesis process, it has a dual behavior; at low doses, NO regulates homeostatic functions, while at high concentrations, it promotes tissue damage or acts as an agent for immune defense against microorganisms. Thus, its participation in the carcinogenic process is controversial. Cancer is a multifactorial disease that presents complex behavior. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the initiation, promotion, and progression of neoplastic processes is required. Some hypotheses have been proposed regarding the influence of NO in activating oncogenic pathways that trigger carcinogenic processes, because NO might regulate some signaling pathways thought to promote cancer development and more aggressive tumor growth. Additionally, NO inhibits apoptosis of tumor cells, together with the deregulation of proteins that are involved in tissue homeostasis, promoting spreading to other organs and initiating metastatic processes. This paper describes the signaling pathways that are associated with cancer, and how the concentration of NO can serve a beneficial or pathological function in the initiation and promotion of neoplastic events.
School and Home Contributions to Dietary Behaviors of Rural Youth
Authors: Lorenz Kent A. , Stylianou Michalis , Kulinna Pamela Hodges , Yu Hyeonho
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study examined dietary behaviors of rural youth at school and at home and sociodemographic differences.

Design

A cross-sectional design was used.

Setting

The study took place in five rural schools in the Southwestern US.

Sample

Student participants (N = 751) were in 3rd-8th grades.

Measures

Consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy, and soda/pop, at school and at home, were measured using a modified 7-day recall Youth Risk Behavior survey for nutrition instrument (CDC, 2011); Sociodemographic data.

Analysis

Descriptive statistics, frequency tables and MANCOVA were used.

Results

Following a natural log transformation of the dependent variables, there were significant multivariate effects in dietary behaviors across schools (Wilks’ λ = 0.962, F(16, 2539.4) = 2.05, P = 0.0082) and location (school v. home; Wilks’ λ = 0.849, F(4, 831) = 36.94, P < 0.0001). Follow-up tests showed students in some schools reported higher consumption of fruit, vegetable, and soda at home than school, although most reported consuming less than one serving per day of fruit, vegetables, and dairy across settings. There were no significant main effects for gender/grade/ethnicity across behaviors.

Conclusions

Findings highlight poor dietary behaviors of rural youth as well as school/home differences that can help inform efforts to support optimal dietary behaviors of this population. Results should be interpreted considering limitations of the self-report nature of collected data and missing data.
Treatment of a Mandibular Diastemal Fracture Using Locking Compression Plate and Cerclage Wire in a Mare
Authors: Godoy Vinicius Maia , Oliveira Natalia Franco de Oliveira e , Paretsis Nicole Fidalgo , Silva Sofia Cicolo da , Souza Anderson Fernando de , De Zoppa André Luis do Valle , Corrêa Rodrigo Romero
Published: October 2022

This report describes the combination of two surgical fracture repair techniques and the postoperative management of a mandibular diastemal fracture in a two-year-old mare. The mare was referred to a veterinary hospital with a laceration over the body of the right mandible. Radiographic assessment revealed two mesial fracture lines involving the second premolar tooth and a ventrally displaced bone fragment. The mare was treated under general anesthesia and the fracture was corrected using open reduction and plate fixation. A 3.5 mm narrow 15-hole locking compression plate with seven locking screws were used in a bridge form. Cerclage wire was also used to anchor the incisor teeth to the second and third premolar teeth. The cerclage wire and incisor teeth were covered with polymethylmethacrylate to prevent implant failure and avoid injury to the oral mucosa. Implants were removed 55 days after surgery and the mare was discharged from hospital five days later. The mare returned for cerclage wire removal after 90 days and was allowed to resume exercise thereafter. The combination of two surgical techniques, proper implant choice and appropriate postoperative management, including use of pelleted feed, contributed to successful bone healing and return to function.
Experimental investigation on the performance of circumferential corrugations helical tubes based on thermodynamic and economic analyses
Authors: Abbasgholi Rezaei Razieh
Published: October 2022

In this study, the impact of applying circumferential corrugations on the helical tubes is experimentally probed and frictional and thermal performance of the circumferentially corrugated helical tubes are studied. For this purpose, water flow rates at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 L/min with 25°C enter assumed helical tubes. These tubes are exposed to constant heat flux of 800 W, produced by heater wire evenly wrapped around them. Corrugations with three different pitches and heights of 6, 9, and 12 cm, and 0.8, 1, and 1.2 mm are considered, respectively. The results revealed that in comparison to smooth helical tube, the increment of the corrugation height at constant corrugation pitch and decrement of corrugation pitch at constant corrugation height improves the pressure drop to the maximum of 2.054 and 1.488 and also improves heat transfer coefficient to the maximum of 1.702 and 1.456 at Reynolds of 4687. Moreover, from the Benefit-Cost Ratio point of view, at Re = 2147 applying corrugation height of 1.2 mm at corrugation pitch of 6 cm is 1.27 times more economical than the smooth helical ones.
Computational analysis of tunneling conduction in piezoresistive carbon nanotube polymer composites
Authors: Klimm Wolfgang , Kwok Kawai
Published: October 2022

Carbon nanotube polymer composites exhibit piezoresistivity that can be utilized for flexible strain sensors. Piezoresistive modeling is critical for improving sensor performance, but remains a challenging subject due to the complex CNT network microstructure and the various effects occurring at both the micro and nano scales. Tunneling conduction between CNTs is the primary mechanism underlying piezoresistivity in carbon nanotube polymer composites. Existing models have employed a myriad of assumptions on the CNT network kinematics and the tunneling conduction behavior, but their physical basis and effects have not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, a detailed evaluation on these modeling assumptions is presented with the goal of establishing an approach without ad hoc assumptions and improved predictive accuracy. A computational model that is capable of tracking the history of tunneling separation of each CNT junction is first constructed. The effects of CNT extensibility, tunneling cross-section, conduction channels are studied via statistical analysis of the tunneling conduction and comparison of computed piezoresistive response. It is found that CNT inextensibility leads to higher predicted piezoresistivity, the tunneling cross-section area in the Simmons approximation is a highly influential parameter, and the Landauer formula provides a more physically based approach that accounts for CNT properties.
Restraint and Seclusion Procedures With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Marques Allie R. , Barnard-Brak Lucy
Published: October 2022

Physical and mechanical restraints and seclusion are currently used as emergency procedures in public schools across the United States. Students who exhibit dangerous, aggressive, or self-injurious behaviors are more likely to be restrained or secluded in school. Since many students with autism spectrum disorder exhibit one or more of these behaviors, they are even more likely to be subjected to these restrictive interventions. Policy on restrictive interventions is not outlined in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) of 2004, the federal special education law, leaving states to determine their own policies. Issues surrounding current policy and law on restraint and seclusion, as well as recommendations, are discussed.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of EFEMP1 in Breast Cancer: An Immunohistochemistry Study
Authors: Fararjeh AbdulFattah S , Kaddumi Ezidin , Al Khader Ali , Aloliqi Abdulaziz A
Published: October 2022

EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) has been associated to a variety of malignancies. Because EFEMP1 can act as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene, this study aimed to evaluate the expression of EFEMP1 at mRNA and protein in breast cancer and to ascertain the diagnostic and prognostic value of EFEMP1 in relation to clinical features of breast cancer. Several bioinformatics websites such as GEPIA and Oncomine databases were used to analyze the mRNA level of EFEMP1. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect EFEMP1 immunoexpression using tissue microarray (TMA) and clinical breast cancer samples. EFEMP1 was shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer in some study cohorts while being low expressed in others. In TMA, 86 patients (39.1%) with a high H-score and 134 patients (60.9%) with a low H-score had EFEMP1 positive for breast cancer. While HER2 breast cancer and normal breast tissues had the lowest expression of EFEMP1, it was shown to be highly expressed in Luminal B, A, and TNBC. EFEMP1 H-score is associated with tumor stage and indicates poor overall survival in breast cancer. EFEMP1 H-score was high in the clinical tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissue (n = 20), therefore, it would to be a sensitive biomarker for breast cancer. EFEMP1 is a key indicator for assessing the clinical prognosis and diagnosis of patients with breast cancer, as evidenced by the higher expression of EFEMP1 in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue and its association with poor overall survival.