bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why don't low‐income households purchase fruits and vegetables? Findings from African American communities in Nashville metro areas of Tennessee
Authors: Khanal Aditya R. , Adhikari Sudip , Tegegne Fisseha
Published: April 2023

Low‐income households and minority communities in the US are considered highly vulnerable to diet‐and nutrition‐related adverse health effects. Households' food‐related decisions may entail real or perceived tradeoffs among price, preference, access and availability, and other factors. We use a sample of low‐income households, mostly from African American communities, from the Nashville metropolitan area of Tennessee to assess fruit and vegetable purchasing behavior. We found that the vast majority of household shops for fruits and vegetables (F&Vs) less than two to three times per month. Using probit and nested logit models, we analyzed purchase decisions and investigated reasons and factors determining “not to buy” F&Vs by low‐income households.
Assembling aggregation‐induced emission with natural DNA to maximize donor/acceptor ratio for efficient light‐harvesting antennae
Authors: Tang Xiaofang , Zhu Yaping , Guan Weijiang , Lu Chao
Published: April 2023

Arranging dense donors around a single acceptor for the assembly of efficient light‐harvesting antennas is a long‐standing challenge due to the intractable aggregation‐caused quenching of dense donors. Herein, we designed a cationic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) amphiphile to self‐assemble with natural DNA duplexes. As an efficient donor, the as‐prepared cationic AIE amphiphile could be densely attached to the phosphate groups of natural DNA duplexes by using the smaller cationic trimethylammonium. The long alkyl chain between the cationic trimethylammonium and the AIE fluorophore allowed for avoiding the insufficient binding caused by the steric hindrance of the AIE fluorophore, resulting in a remarkably high donor/acceptor ratio comparable to that of the widely developed custom DNA assemblies. The proposed self‐assembly strategy provided novel flexible avenues for the assembling of finely controlled and efficient light‐harvesting systems into natural DNA with little synthetic modifications and low cost.
Multi‐Channel Lanthanide Nanocomposites for Customized Synergistic Treatment of Orthotopic Multi‐Tumor Cases
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Zhu Xingjun , Wei Zheng , Wu Kefan , Zhang Junfang , Mutti Francesco G. , Zhang Hong , Loeffler Felix F. , Zhou Jing
Published: April 2023

Simultaneous photothermal ablation of multiple tumors is limited by unpredictable photo‐induced apoptosis, caused by individual intratumoral differences. Here, a multi‐channel lanthanide nanocomposite was used to achieve tailored synergistic treatment of multiple subcutaneous orthotopic tumors under non‐uniform whole‐body infrared irradiation prescription. The nanocomposite reduces intratumoral glutathione by simultaneously activating the fluorescence and photothermal channels. The fluorescence provides individual information on different tumors, allowing customized prescriptions to be made. This enables optimal induction of hyperthermia and dosage of chemo drugs, to ensure treatment efficacy, while avoiding overtherapy. With an accessional therapeutic laser system, customized synergistic treatment of subcutaneous orthotopic cancer cases with multiple tumors is possible with both high efficacy and minimized side effects.
A Single‐Scan Ultraselective Heteronuclear Polarization Transfer Method for Unambiguous Complex Structure Assignment
Authors: Cha Jin Wook , Kim Min‐Seon , Park Jin‐Soo
Published: April 2023

Complex nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of organic compounds containing multiple analogous substructures or mixtures pose a significant challenge to structural identification, thus resulting in frequent misassignment of structures. The GEMSTONE method, a single‐scan technique that selectively excites a specific proton signal among the crowded NMR signals, was recently proposed as a solution. However, its extension to the polarization transfer method for heteronuclear spin systems was unsuccessful. Herein, we present an extension method that addresses the altered heteronuclear polarization transfer efficiency and enables the acquisition of ultraselective 13C and 1H‐13C correlation NMR subspectra with hertz‐level signal selectivity in both dimensions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in the structural analysis of a chromopeptide pharmaceutical and a diastereomeric mixture of a fungicide.
Stiba‐, Arsa‐ and Phosphastannenes: Syntheses and Reactivities
Authors: Zweigart Magda , Wenzel Clemens , Eichele Klaus , Schubert Hartmut , Wesemann Lars
Published: April 2023

A facile synthesis for unprecedented stibastannene (10) featuring a Sn=Sb‐double bond together with the homologous arsa‐ (9) and phosphastannenes (8) is presented. Chloride abstraction from respective stannyl pnictinidenes [E=P (5), As (6), Sb (7)], which were made accessible by reduction of ECl3 addition products at an intramolecular phosphine‐stabilized stannylene, gave the pnictastannenes in moderate yields. The pnictastannenes coordinate Pd(PPh3)2 fragments (12–14) and the phosphastannene forms also a nickel coordination compound with the Ni(PPh3)2‐fragment (11). 2,3‐Dimethylbutadiene shows a [2+4]‐cycloaddition (15–17) in reaction with the pnictastannenes (8–10). Products of a [2+2]‐addition (18, 19) were isolated as the phosphaalkyne reaction products for 8 and 9. Addition of an O−H bond at the Sn=P‐bond was found in reaction of water with phosphastannene 8. Reaction with ammonia afforded the NH3‐adducts (21–23) at the tin atom for pnictastannenes 8–10. Only in the case of the arsastannene an azide reaction product featuring a three membered Sn−As−N‐ring was obtained.
Quadruple H‐Bonding and Polyrotaxanes Dual Cross‐linking Supramolecular Elastomer for High Toughness and Self‐healing Conductors
Authors: Jin Qi , Du Ruichun , Tang Hao , Zhao Yan , Peng Wansu , Li Yanyan , Zhang Jing , Zhu Tangsong , Huang Xinxin , Kong Deshuo , He Yucheng , Bao Tianwei , Kong Desheng , Wang Xiaoliang , Wang Rong , Zhang Qiuhong , Jia Xudong
Published: April 2023

Tough and self‐healable substrates can enable stretchable electronics long service life. However, for substrates, it still remains a challenge to achieve both high toughness and autonomous self‐healing ability at room temperature. Herein, a strategy by using the combined effects between quadruple H‐bonding and slidable cross‐links is proposed to solve the above issues in the elastomer. The elastomer exhibits high toughness (77.3 MJ m−3), fracture energy (≈127.2 kJ m−2), and good healing efficiency (91 %) at room temperature. The superior performance is ascribed to the inter and intra crosslinking structures of quadruple H‐bonding and polyrotaxanes in the dual crosslinking system. Strain‐induced crystallization of PEG in polyrotaxanes also contributes to the high fracture energy of the elastomers. Furthermore, based on the dual cross‐linked supramolecular elastomer, a highly stretchable and self‐healable electrode containing liquid metal is also fabricated, retaining resistance stability (0.16–0.26 Ω) even at the strain of 1600 %.
Maiden application of colliding bodies optimizer for load frequency control of two‐area nonreheated thermal and hydrothermal power systems
Authors: Veerendar Tejavath , Kumar Deepak , Sreeram Victor
Published: April 2023

This article presents a novel load frequency control (LFC) approach using colliding bodies optimizer (CBO) for frequency stabilization of interlinked multiarea electric power systems. The optimal parameters of the suggested CBO‐based proportional–integral–derivative‐filter controller ascertain an effective LFC solution. First, a well‐known and widely used linearized two‐area nonreheated thermal power system is examined to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. The effectiveness of the proposed method is analyzed by comparing the outcomes of several recently presented LFC schemes. The performance analysis shows a settling time improvement of 3.10%, 14.29%, and 18.66% in the case of area‐1 and area‐2 frequencies and tie‐line power deviations compared with an imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA)‐based controller. The robustness of the proposed scheme is also evaluated in the presence of various operating scenarios. Additionally, the work is extended to a two‐area nonreheated hydrothermal power system. The proposed method shows an improvement of over 60% in the performance index compared with several existing techniques‐based controllers such as optics‐inspired optimization, gray‐wolf optimization, quasi‐oppositional differential search algorithm, bacterial foraging optimization algorithm, and ICA.
A comparison of methods used to track the ‘green molecules’ and determine the carbon intensities of co‐processed fuels
Authors: Su Jianping , vanDyk Susan , O’Connor Don , Saddler Jack
Published: April 2023

Policies such as a low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) have incentivized oil refineries to lower the carbon intensity of their operations and the fuels they produce. Although an increasing number of refineries are co‐processing biogenic feedstocks, determining the renewable content and carbon intensities of the co‐processed fuels (and potential credits earned through policies such as a LCFS) has proven to be challenging. Various methods that might be used to track the green molecules and determine the carbon intensities of co‐processed fuels were compared. Although the use of carbon 14 and mass balance have predominated, each of these methods has some advantages and disadvantages. To try to benefit from the strengths of each method, a combined direct (C14) and indirect (modified mass balance) approach was shown to give representative values. However, the quality and frequency of the information collected needs to be assured, as it can improve the quality of data needed to determine the carbon intensity of the final fuels.
Ellagic acid from pomegranate peel: Consecutive countercurrent chromatographic separation and antioxidant effect
Authors: Yang Yi , Liu Meihui , Liu Chang , Tang Shanshan , Gu Dongyu , Tian Jing , Huang Dezhi , He Fei
Published: April 2023

Ellagic acid is one of the most representative natural antioxidants, and is rich in pomegranate peel. In this study, a consecutive countercurrent chromatographic (CCC) separation method was established to improve the preparative efficiency of ellagic acid from pomegranate peel. By optimizing the solvent system, sample size and flow rate, 280 mg of ellagic acid was obtained from 5 g of crude sample from pomegranate peel by CCC after six consecutive injections. Moreover, the values of EC50 for ellagic acid in scavenging ABTS·+ and DPPH· were 4.59 ± 0.07 and 10.54 ± 0.07 μg/ml, respectively, indicating a strong antioxidant activity. This study not only established a high‐throughput method for the preparation of ellagic acid, but also provided a successful example for the development of and research on other natural antioxidants.
Students’ Perspective on Scientific Training
Authors: Chua Gabriella N. L. , Vandana J. Jeya , Hsieh Chun‐Cheng
Published: April 2023

How should lab heads train their students and what is the role of degree‐granting institutions in this process? Chua, Vandana, and Hsieh discuss the needs of graduate students and ways to cultivate purposeful, personalized mentee training in the lab.
Determination of the physical, chemical and antinutritional properties of firik and einkorn bulgur
Authors: Pekkirişci Büşra , Bilgiçli Nermin , Cankurtaran‐Kömürcü Tekmile
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives

Hulled wheat varieties and immature grains are seen as interesting raw materials in the production of grain‐based products. More research is needed on the quality, functional and nutritional properties of einkorn and immature wheat products, which are processed and consumed by many societies under different names. This study was carried out to evaluate the physical and nutritional properties of einkorn bulgur and firik (bulgur produced from immature wheat) samples sold in the market.

Findings

The firik samples had higher ash, fat and free, bound and total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and lower protein content than einkorn bulgur. Low phytic acid content of firik obtained from immature wheat was found to be remarkable. The total yellow pigment, Ca and Mg contents were found to be 5.4, 1.3, and 1.3 times higher in firik samples than in einkorn bulgur. The weight increase value obtained as a result of the cooking test was found to be lower in firik samples compared to einkorn bulgur.

Conclusions

Both types of bulgur showed superior characteristics in terms of nutritional value and functional properties.

Significance and Novelty

It has been determined that firik and einkorn bulgur are two important products in terms of healthy nutrition with their functional components. It is an introductory study in terms of expanding the usage area of valuable ancient wheat and immature durum wheat and processing it into new products.
Supported Metal Single Atom Catalysis. Edited by Philippe Serp and Doan Pham Minh.
Authors: Vilé Gianvito , Qiao Botao
Published: April 2023

“Supported Metal Single Atom Catalysis”, edited by Philippe Serp and Doan Pham Minh, covers all key aspects of supported metal single atom catalysts, an invaluable resource for academic researchers and industry professionals alike. For more information: https://www.wiley.com/en‐gb/9783527830176
ENGINEERING MODEL FOR THE VERTICAL SHEAR CAPACITY OF COMPOSITE SLABS WITH ADDITIONAL REINFORCING STEEL
Authors: Schmeckebier Nicole , Kurz Wolfgang
Published: April 2023

Up to now, no independent model for the shear design of composite slabs under the consideration of the two types of longitudinal reinforcement – metal sheet and reinforcing steel – exists. Therefore, extensive investigations were conducted at Technische Universität Kaiserslautern. The research project was completed recently. A new engineering model, which was calibrated on tests, was developed. Furthermore, the engineering model was transferred into a design model. In this paper the experimental investigations are presented as well as the engineering model.
NEW EUROCODE 4 DESIGN RULES FOR COMPOSITE BEAMS WITH PRECAST CONCRETE SLABS
Authors: Hicks Stephen J. , Braun Matthias , Markovic Zlatko , Way James
Published: April 2023

As members of Project Team SC4.T5, the authors of this paper present the main outcomes from the work that is intended for implementation within the second generation of Eurocode 4. General design and application rules for composite design of precast concrete elements will be presented, with a particular focus on: the effective width of flanges using precast concrete elements for shear lag; design resistance to longitudinal shear; and the design resistance of headed stud connectors in the presence of precast hollow core slabs.
INFLUENCE OF HOT DIP GALVANIZING ON THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF T‐STUDS FOR A GROUTED JOINT OF INTEGRAL COMPOSITE FRAME BRIDGES
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Oberhaidinger Florian , Stimmelmayr Lukas
Published: April 2023

Recent investigations paved the way for hot dip galvanizing in the field of bridge constructions [1]. Due to technical limitations of hot dip galvanizing, steel girders longer than 16 meters have to be divided and connected afterwards. The Chair of Metal Structures works in cooperation with the Chair of Concrete Structures of the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM), to develop a grouted joint connection, which is suitable for hot dip galvanizing. In contrast to welding the segments on site or using prestressed bolt connections, the hot dip galvanization of the grouted joint remains undamaged for the whole service life time of the structure. As part of this research, the main component of the grouted joint ‐ a hot dip galvanized T‐stud ‐ is investigated regarding its fatigue behaviour. The present paper outlines the idea and the structure of the grouted joint and classifies the hot dip galvanized T‐stud according to a fatigue class given in EN 1993‐1‐9 [2]. Furthermore, the fatigue assessment for the grouted joint and an optimization of the geometry of the T‐Studs is carried out using finite element analysis.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES FOR EUROPEAN MODEL OF THE STEEL AND FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTION COLUMN IN FIRE
Authors: Tretyakov A. , Tkalenko I. , Cábová K. , Wald F.
Published: April 2023

This paper is focuses on advanced numerical FEM model of the global mechanical behaviour of CHS columns with SFRC infill at elevated temperature description. The proposed model was validated on experimental data and examples from literature and it is a foundation for numerous of numerical simulations generation in aim to develop simplified design tool, which will follow the coming changes in European standard for composite member design in fire in EN1994‐1‐2:2020.
MEMBRANE ACTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS IN FIRE
Authors: Hirashima T. , Ozaki F. , Yoshida T. , Kimura K. , Suzuki J.
Published: April 2023

For RC slabs supported in 2 ways, when deflection increases, membrane stress occurs within the cross section of the slab, and as a result the load‐bearing capacity of the slab is improved due to this membrane action. In this paper, the results of load‐bearing fire test are introduced that targets a composite flooring system composed of a flat RC slab in which two‐tier reinforcements are arranged and an unprotected beam. The RC slab to which the bending collapse load based on the yield‐line theory was given sustained load‐bearing capacity even after being subjected to 3 hours and more of standard fire heating.
INFLUENCE ON THE LOAD‐DISPLACEMENT BEHAVIOUR OF STEEL‐TO‐CONCRETE CONNECTIONS WITH POST‐INSTALLED ADHESIVE ANCHORS
Authors: Maçi Nilde , Hofmann Jan
Published: April 2023

Designing frame structures requires knowing the behaviour of each member of the frame (beam, column, joint, etc.) regarding the axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments. Furthermore, the ductility of the structure under seismic loading is essential in earthquake regions. Nowadays, structural frames are built from different materials such as concrete and steel, to achieve better performance. Therefore, the behaviour of the connections between steel and concrete is essential. The steel‐to‐concrete joints were the focus of the INFASO project, where joint solutions with easy fabrication, quick assembly, applicability in old structures, sufficient ductility, and high loading capacity were developed. They proposed the use of anchor plates with welded studs or post‐installed fasteners such as adhesive anchors to connect the steel and concrete members. This paper focuses on the performance of post‐installed adhesive anchors. During their service life, post‐installed anchors are subjected to monotonic, constant, and seismic loading. Each of these loading approaches is described in the current standards. Seismic and constant loading tests are of importance to the long‐term behaviour of the anchors. Seismic loading tests are carried out using a predefined cycle pattern. According to TR049, seismic tests of category C1 (tension and shear) are performed with 140 load cycles, where the load amplitude decreases after 10, 30, and 100 cycles. On the contrary, C2 category tests increase the amplitude within 75 or 59 cycles, depending on the test. Constant loading tests apply when the anchors are installed in cracked concrete. In contrast to the mentioned patterns, this study observes the behaviour of the adhesive anchors when the amplitude of each cycle is increased by 5 % until the anchor fails. Standard short‐term pull‐out tests are carried out to determine the load increments. Various parameters such as the embedment depth, bond line thickness, hole cleaning, wet concrete, and elevated temperatures are studied. Confined and unconfined tests are performed. Overall, the reference short‐term failure loads are higher than those in the tests with incremental and cyclic loading. The anchors installed with reduced hole cleaning, in wet concrete or subjected to elevated temperatures have a lower failure load compared to the reference series. Two additional bond line thicknesses are used for comparison. The increase in the thickness influenced the failure load differently for confined and unconfined test setups.
DESIGN, CALCULATION AND CONSTRUCTION WORK OF A PRESTRESSED COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION TO SUPPORT THE FAÇADE COLUMNS OF A HIGH‐RISE BUILDING
Authors: Breuninger U. , Landsberger J.
Published: April 2023

The publication describes the design, the structural analysis and the execution of two similar, high‐rise residential buildings in Frankfurt on the Main. The high‐rise buildings have 15 respectively 17 floors above ground. The socle of the high‐rise buildings contain the entrance (ground floor) and the building technology (1st and 2nd floor). The other 12 respectively 14 floors serve only residential purposes. The residential floors of the buildings protrude over the three‐storey high socle. The façade columns of the high‐rise buildings are existing only in the residential floors. Their load must be transferred to the socle. This load transfer is made possible by the all‐around cantilevered, prestressed composite construction above the socle.
STRENGTH OF CONCRETE‐FILLED STEEL DECK COMPOSITE DIAPHRAGMS WITH REINFORCING STEEL
Authors: Avellaneda‐Ramirez Raul E. , Eatherton Matthew R. , Easterling W. Samuel , Schafer Benjamin W. , Hajjar Jerome F.
Published: April 2023

Concrete‐filled steel deck floors are the most commonly used diaphragm system in steel buildings. While a considerable amount of testing has been performed on bare steel deck diaphragms, a limited amount of data exists on concrete‐filled steel deck floor diaphragms subjected to cyclic loads. As part of a testing program at Virginia Tech, a total of eight cantilever diaphragm tests were performed on diaphragm specimens that were 5.2 m by 4.1 m with varied parameters such as deck height, total concrete thickness, concrete type (lightweight and normal weight), layout of headed shear studs, and reinforcement. Three of the specimens included reinforcing steel: two with reinforcing bars and one with welded wire mesh. The goal of this paper is to investigate strength predictions for these concrete‐filled steel deck diaphragms with varying types of steel reinforcement. A prediction model for the shear strength of concrete‐filled steel deck diaphragms was proposed and validated using the results of this experimental program, as well as the results of a testing program performed at Iowa State University.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF DOWEL STRIPS FOR LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE LOADING
Authors: Karge C. , Stroetmann R. , Wisnewski J.
Published: April 2023

A new field of application for dowel strips are orthotropic composite roadway slabs. In contrast to conventional composite steel bridge construction, the dowel strips create a two‐dimensional bond. As a result, they are not only exposed to longitudinal but also to transverse shear forces. Up to now, neither the load‐bearing capacity nor the load‐deformation behavior under transverse shear forces have been investigated. Furthermore, there are design related deviations from the current approval in form of a lower dowel distance. This paper presents two different types of push‐out tests, which provide new insights into small composite dowel strips under longitudinal and transverse loads. Based on these tests and numerical investigations, the effects of smaller dowel strips are analyzed and special features of the load transfer mechanism under transverse shear forces are highlighted. The investigations presented here were carried out as part of the AiF‐FOSTA research project P 1265 [1].
NAP1L1 is a novel microtubule‐associated protein
Authors: Peng Nannan , Zhang Yang , Zhang Xinyue , Wu Hui‐Yuan , Nakamura Fumihiko
Published: April 2023

Microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) regulate assembly and stability of microtubules (MTs) during cell cytokinesis, cell migration, neuronal growth, axon guidance, and synapse formation. Using data mining of the Human Protein Atlas database and experimental screening, we identified nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 1 (NAP1L1) as a new MAP. The Human Protein Atlas and PubMed database screening identified 99 potential new MAPs. Twenty candidate proteins that highly co‐localized with MTs were exogenously expressed with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or hemagglutinin (HA) tags in tissue culture cells and MTs were co‐stained for immunofluorescent microscopy. We found that NAP1L1 is mainly localized in the cytosol with MTs during interphase. Using bacterially expressed recombinant NAP1L1 fragments and purified MTs, we biochemically mapped the MT‐binding site on the N‐terminal region (1–72aa) and the central region (164–269aa) of NAP1L1. NAP1L1 dimerizes through the long helix region (73–163aa), and full‐length NAP1L1 induces the formation of thick MTs, indicating that NAP1L1 has the ability to bundle MTs in cells. Analysis of publicly available RNA‐seq data of NAP1L1 depleted cells suggested that NAP1L1 is involved in cell adhesion and migration in agreement with the function of NAP1L1 as a MAP.
Research on e‐commerce recommendation system based on matrix factorization algorithm
Authors: Wang Zhi , Qin Yongfei , Shi Yan , Jiang Ming , Wang Weigang
Published: April 2023

The development of the internet has brought great convenience to people's travel and shopping. More and more people choose to shop online. As e‐commerce continues to grow in scale, the number and variety of products are also growing rapidly, which results in customers taking a lot of time to find the products they want to buy. This problem prevents people from using the Internet quickly and efficiently. In order to solve these problems, personalized recommendation system comes into being. It can directly predict the content that users may be interested in based on their historical behavior, and make personalized recommendations for them in the massive data. Based on the idea of collaborative filtering, this paper adopts matrix factorization method to analyze the sales records of an e‐commerce platform, and analyzes the potential preferences of 686 customers, and gives the top five personalized recommended products StockCode of users.
pH‐Regulated Refinement of Pore Size in Carbon Spheres for Size‐Sieving of Gaseous C8, C6 and C3 Hydrocarbon Pairs
Authors: Du Shengjun , Huang Baolin , Hao Guang‐Ping , Huang Jiawu , Liu Zewei , Oschatz Martin , Xiao Jing , Lu An‐Hui
Published: April 2023

Selective separation of industrial important C8, C6 and C3 hydrocarbon pairs by physisorbents can greatly reduce the energy intensity related to the currently used cryogenic distillation techniques. The achievement of size‐sieving based on carbonaceous materials is desirable, but commonly hindered by the random structure of carbons often with a broad pore size distribution. Herein, a pH‐regulated pre‐condensation strategy was introduced to control the carbon pore architecture by the sp2/sp3 hybridization of precursor. The lower pH value during pre‐condensation of glucose facilitates the growth of aromatic nanodomains, rearrangement of stacked layers and a concomitant transition from sp3‐C to sp2‐C. The subsequent pyrolysis endows the pore size manipulated from 6.8 to 4.8 Å and narrowly distributed over a range of 0.2 Å. The refined pores enable effective size‐sieving of C8, C6 and C3 hydrocarbon pairs with high separation factor of 1.9 and 4.9 for C8 xylene (X) isomers para‐X/meta‐X and para‐X/ortho‐X, respectively, 5.1 for C6 alkane isomers n‐hexane/3‐methylpentane, and 22.0 for C3H6/C3H8. The excellent separation performance based‐on size exclusion effect is validated by static adsorption isotherms and dynamic breakthrough experiments. This synthesis strategy provides a means of exploring advanced carbonaceous materials with controlled hybridized structure and pore sizes for challenging separation needs.
Post‐transplant cyclophosphamide as sole GHVD prophylaxis after matched reduced‐intensity conditioning allotransplant
Authors: Bourgeois Amandine Le , Jullien Maxime , Garnier Alice , Peterlin Pierre , Béné Marie C. , Guillaume Thierry , Chevallier Patrice
Published: April 2023

Background

Post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) alone as graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis may avoid/reduce short‐ and mid‐term toxicities of drugs commonly used for GVHD prophylaxis, accelerate immune reconstitution after the graft to decrease infections and facilitate the early integration of adjunct maintenance therapies to prevent relapse.

Objective

A prospective phase 2 study was designed in order to assess the feasibility and safety of PTCY as a sole GVHD prophylaxis in adult patients receiving a Baltimore‐based reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) peripheral blood (PB) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo‐HSCT) with a matched donor.

Study design

Patients were planned to be included stepwise up to 59 evaluable PTCY recipients, in order to be able to stop the protocol in case of excessive corticosteroid resistant grade 3–4 severe acute GVHD (aGVHD). Because a high incidence of grade 2–4 aGVHD was observed after analysis of the first 27 patients, the protocol was amended to test the addition of 1 day of anti‐thymoglobulin to PTCY. In spite of this, the trial had to be stopped after 38 treated patients, because of an unacceptable rate of grade 3–4 aGVHD. Donors were matched related to 12 patients and unrelated to 26.

Results

With a median follow‐up of 29.6 months, 2‐year overall, disease‐free and GVHD‐free relapse‐free (GRFS) survivals were respectively 65.4%, 62.1% and 46.9%. Cumulative incidences of grade 2–4 and 3–4 aGVHD at day 100 were 52.6% and 21.1%, respectively, while that of moderate/severe chronic(c) GVHD was 15.7% at 2 years. Addition of ATG to PTCY did influence neither aGVHD, cGVHD nor GRFS.

Conclusion

Despite paradoxically good survivals, especially GRFS, this study failed to demonstrate that PTCY (± ATG) alone can be used for Baltimore‐based RIC PB Allo‐HSCT with matched donors. Other combinations should be tested to try and avoid long‐term use of immunosuppressive drugs following Allo‐HSCT in this setting.
Efficient hybrid enhanced genetic algorithm and ant colony system model for rerouting multimedia message in multiple node–link failures within wireless network
Authors: Owoade Ayoade A. , Ogundile Olayinka O. , Babalola Oluwaseyi P. , Balyan Vipin
Published: April 2023

Failure‐resilient wireless networks have attracted the interest of the research community and have been an open area of concern in the studies of wireless network in recent years. Accordingly, different research on restoration techniques have been carried out to proffer solution to the network component failures. In the same vein, this article proposes a hybridized enhanced genetic algorithm and ant colony system (EGAACS) survivability model, which can instantly resolve node–link failure problems, thus improving the quality of service of the wireless network. The EGAACS is a hybrid model that combines the principles of the enhanced genetic algorithm (EGA) and ant colony system (ACS) models to form a capacity efficiency solution that outperforms the ACS and EGA models in terms of path cost and transmission delay. The resilience of this proposed EGAACS model is verified for different wireless network sizes (20, 30, 40, and 50 node networks). Simulation results show that the proposed EGAACS model generates the best close to optimal paths in terms of the path cost and transmission delay in comparison to the EGA and ACS models. In fact, the performance of the proposed EGAACS model is more conspicuous as the size of the network increases. More importantly, the proposed EGAACS model is suitable for real‐time wireless network as it exhibits moderate computational time complexity.
Maternal hair cortisol predicts periodic and aperiodic infant frontal EEG activity longitudinally across infancy
Authors: Brandes‐Aitken Annie , Pini Nicolò , Weatherhead Matthew , Brito Natalie H.
Published: April 2023

Maternal stress is known to be an important factor in shaping child development, yet the complex pattern of associations between stress and infant brain development remains understudied. To better understand the nuanced relations between maternal stress and infant neurodevelopment, research investigating longitudinal relations between maternal chronic physiological stress and infant brain function is warranted. In this study, we leveraged longitudinal data to disentangle between‐ from within‐person associations of maternal hair cortisol and frontal electroencephalography (EEG) power at three time points across infancy at 3, 9, and 15 months. We analyzed both aperiodic power spectral density (PSD) slope and traditional periodic frequency band activity. On the within‐person level, maternal hair cortisol was associated with a flattening of frontal PSD slope and an increase in relative frontal beta. However, on the between‐person level, higher maternal hair cortisol was associated with steeper frontal PSD slope, increased relative frontal theta, and decreased relative frontal beta. The within‐person findings may reflect an adaptive neural response to relative shifts in maternal stress levels, while the between‐person results demonstrate the potentially detrimental effects of chronically elevated maternal stress. This analysis offers a novel, quantitative insight into the relations between maternal physiological stress and infant cortical function.
A healthy but depleted herd: Predators decrease prey disease and density
Authors: Lopez Laura K. , Cortez Michael H. , DeBlieux Turner S. , Menel Ilona A. , O'Brien Bruce , Cáceres Carla E. , Hall Spencer R. , Duffy Meghan A.
Published: April 2023

The healthy herds hypothesis proposes that predators can reduce parasite prevalence and thereby increase the density of their prey. However, evidence for such predator‐driven reductions in the prevalence of prey remains mixed. Furthermore, even less evidence supports increases in prey density during epidemics. Here, we used a planktonic predator–prey–parasite system to experimentally test the healthy herds hypothesis. We manipulated density of a predator (the phantom midge, Chaoborus punctipennis) and parasitism (the virulent fungus Metschnikowia bicuspidata) in experimental assemblages. Because we know natural populations of the prey (Daphnia dentifera) vary in susceptibility to both predator and parasite, we stocked experimental populations with nine genotypes spanning a broad range of susceptibility to both enemies. Predation significantly reduced infection prevalence, eliminating infection at the highest predation level. However, lower parasitism did not increase densities of prey; instead, prey density decreased substantially at the highest predation levels (a major density cost of healthy herds predation). This density result was predicted by a model parameterized for this system. The model specifies three conditions for predation to increase prey density during epidemics: (i) predators selectively feed on infected prey, (ii) consumed infected prey release fewer infectious propagules than unconsumed prey, and (iii) sufficiently low infection prevalence. While the system satisfied the first two conditions, prevalence remained too high to see an increase in prey density with predation. Low prey densities caused by high predation drove increases in algal resources of the prey, fueling greater reproduction, indicating that consumer–resource interactions can complicate predator–prey–parasite dynamics. Overall, in our experiment, predation reduced the prevalence of a virulent parasite but, at the highest levels, also reduced prey density. Hence, while healthy herds predation is possible under some conditions, our empirical results make it clear that the manipulation of predators to reduce parasite prevalence may harm prey density.
Circulating immune checkpoints predict heart failure outcomes
Authors: Screever Elles M. , Yousif Laura I.E. , Moslehi Javid J. , Salem Joe‐Elie , Voors Adriaan A. , Silljé Herman H.W. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Meijers Wouter C.
Published: April 2023

Aims

There are limited data examining the role of immune checkpoint (IC) ligands in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). Therefore, we explore this in three HF animal models and in three different human cohorts (healthy, stable, and worsening HF).

Methods and results

Transcriptomic analyses of cardiac tissue of three different HF mouse models revealed differentially expressed IC receptors and their ligands compared with control mice. Based on this observation, serum levels of three well‐known IC ligands (i.e. sPD‐L1, sPD‐L2 and galectin‐9) were measured in stable HF patients from the Vitamin D Chronic Heart Failure (VitD‐CHF) study (n = 101), as well as healthy individuals from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐stage Disease (PREVEND) study (n = 58). sPD‐L1, sPD‐L2, and galectin‐9 were all associated with New York Heart Association classification. In multivariate linear regression analyses, all three IC ligands were associated with galectin‐3 (β = 0.230, β = 0.283, and β = 0.304, respectively). sPD‐L1 and galectin‐9 were also associated with hs‐troponin‐T (β = 0.386 and β = 0.314). Regarding prognosis, higher serum levels of sPD‐L1 and galectin‐9 were significantly associated with increased risk for HF hospitalization and all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio 1.69 (1.09–2.59) and hazard ratio 1.50 (1.06–2.12)]. Furthermore, the importance of IC ligands was tested in another stage of HF, namely worsening HF patients. In the worsening HF cohort (The BIOlogy Study to Tailored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure) (n = 2032), sPD‐L2 and galectin‐9 were associated with New York Heart Association classification and significantly predicted outcome with an increased relative risk of 15% and 20%, after multivariable adjustment, respectively.

Conclusions

IC ligands are expressed in cardiac disease models, and serum levels of IC ligands are elevated in HF patients, are associated with disease severity, and significantly predict prognosis. These data indicate a potential role for IC ligands in HF pathogenesis.
Channel inception through bottom‐current erosion of pockmarks revealed by numerical simulation
Authors: Yu Kaiqi , Lefebvre Alice , Li Wei , Zhan Wenhuan , Miramontes Elda
Published: April 2023

In deep‐marine environments, the inception of channels can be induced by the interaction between bottom currents and rough topography. However, it is still unclear under which conditions such features can form and what happens in the earliest phase of channel development. In this study, based on the morphological, sedimentary and oceanographic settings of a pockmark field in the NW South China Sea, we reveal the process of channel inception through the erosion of pockmarks by bottom currents. Using numerical simulations, we show that an appropriate current velocity can induce the erosion of pockmark trains in cohesive sediments, leading to the coalescence of discrete pockmarks and the formation of a channel with a rough thalweg. The interaction of bottom currents with the pockmarks induces a significant erosion along the pockmarks axis. Bottom‐current erosion is strongest at the downstream edges of pockmarks, where the horizontal velocity reaches a maximum and an upwelling forms. Erosion increases as the distance between pockmarks reduces. In our simulation results, a channel is only formed by the coalescence of pockmarks if the distance between pockmarks is <6 times the diameter of the pockmark. This study provides evidence of the formation of channels by bottom currents, which helps reconstruct palaeoceanographic conditions based on sediment architecture. It also shows the complex hydrodynamics at these structures that strongly control sedimentary processes and may affect distribution of benthic ecosystems in marine environments.
Improvement of phytochemical and quality characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi by drying methods
Authors: Zamani Sahar , Bakhshi Davood , Sahraroo Amir , Ebadi Mohammad‐Taghi
Published: April 2023

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different drying methods on drying parameters and qualitative characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included shade drying as control, sun drying, cabinet drying (CD at 50 and 60°C), refractance window drying (RWD), infrared drying (IRD) at 200 and 300 W, and combination of RWD+ IRD at 200 and 300 W. According to the results, IRD, RWD, and RWD+ IRD effectively maintained valuable secondary metabolites compared to the conventional drying methods. The maximum total phenol content (2.7 and 2.66 mg GAE/g dry weight), total flavonoid content (2.26 and 2.33 mg QE/g dry weight), antioxidant activity (79% and 78.33%), and essential oil content (0.65% and 0.76%) were obtained from plants dried by RWD and IRD. Samples dried by RWD, IRD, and RWD+ IRD had high color quality, acceptable green color, and less browning. Also, RWD and IRD methods effectively reduced microbial contamination of dried plants compared to the control and other methods. The minimum aerobic mesophiles, mold, yeast, and coliforms were observed at 3.11, 0, and 1.47 log CFU/g in IRD 300 W and 3.17, 1, and 1.30 log CFU/g in RWD. D. kotschyi dried at CD 50°C had the maximum microbial contamination. Generally, according to the obtained results, RWD and IRD methods are suggested for drying of D. kotschyi and similar herbs due to shortening the drying time, preserving and improving the quality properties of dried plants.
Direct localization and delineation of human pedunculopontine nucleus based on a self‐supervised magnetic resonance image super‐resolution method
Authors: Li Jun , Guan Xiaojun , Wu Qing , He Chenyu , Zhang Weimin , Lin Xiyue , Liu Chunlei , Wei Hongjiang , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Yuyao
Published: April 2023

The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a small brainstem structure and has attracted attention as a potentially effective deep brain stimulation (DBS) target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the in vivo location of PPN remains poorly described and barely visible on conventional structural magnetic resonance (MR) images due to a lack of high spatial resolution and tissue contrast. This study aims to delineate the PPN on a high‐resolution (HR) atlas and investigate the visibility of the PPN in individual quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) images. We combine a recently constructed Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space unbiased QSM atlas (MuSus‐100), with an implicit representation‐based self‐supervised image super‐resolution (SR) technique to achieve an atlas with improved spatial resolution. Then guided by a myelin staining histology human brain atlas, we localize and delineate PPN on the atlas with improved resolution. Furthermore, we examine the feasibility of directly identifying the approximate PPN location on the 3.0‐T individual QSM MR images. The proposed SR network produces atlas images with four times the higher spatial resolution (from 1 to 0.25 mm isotropic) without a training dataset. The SR process also reduces artifacts and keeps superb image contrast for further delineating small deep brain nuclei, such as PPN. Using the myelin staining histological atlas as guidance, we first identify and annotate the location of PPN on the T1‐weighted (T1w)‐QSM hybrid MR atlas with improved resolution in the MNI space. Then, we relocate and validate that the optimal targeting site for PPN‐DBS is at the middle‐to‐caudal part of PPN on our atlas. Furthermore, we confirm that the PPN region can be identified in a set of individual QSM images of 10 patients with PD and 10 healthy young adults. The contrast ratios of the PPN to its adjacent structure, namely the medial lemniscus, on images of different modalities indicate that QSM substantially improves the visibility of the PPN both in the atlas and individual images. Our findings indicate that the proposed SR network is an efficient tool for small‐size brain nucleus identification. HR QSM is promising for improving the visibility of the PPN. The PPN can be directly identified on the individual QSM images acquired at the 3.0‐T MR scanners, facilitating a direct targeting of PPN for DBS surgery.
International publication trends in basic, applied, and conceptual behavior‐analytic journals
Authors: Curiel Hugo , Curiel Emily S. L.
Published: April 2023

The analysis of international and collaborative publication trends in prominent behavior‐analytic journals has been a topic of interest for behavioral researchers. This paper focuses on publication trends from 1997 through 2020 in three prominent journals: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB), Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), and Perspectives on Behavior Science (PBS). The variable of interest was the percentage of articles published per geographical category—Australasia/East Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America, and Africa. The results showed that 79, 96, and 87% of the published articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were conducted by researchers with a North American affiliation. Furthermore, 12, 4, and 4% of the articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were coauthored by at least two researchers from different geographical categories.
Front Cover
Authors: He Bin , Zhang Yuxin , Meng Zhe , He Zhijun , Wang Chengming , Chen Zhenyu , Yin Zichen , Hu Zhangwei , Shi Yejiong , Zhang Ning , Zhang Wenxin , Wang Guihuai , Xue Ping
Published: April 2023

OCTA can provide in‐vivo 3D microvasculature of bio‐tissue but faces challenges with motion sensitivity and time constraints. Our adaptive, efficient scanning protocol and motion compensation algorithms address these issues. Employing a high‐resolution spectral‐domain OCT system, our innovative OCTA method enhances vascular imaging performance and reconstructs human skin's relative blood speed imaging.

Further details can be found in the article by Bin He, Yuxin Zhang, Zhe Meng, Zhijun He, Chengming Wang, Zhenyu Chen, Zichen Yin, Zhangwei Hu, Yejiong Shi, Ning Zhang, Wenxin Zhang, Guihuai Wang, and Ping Xue (e202200340)

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Policy effects of the expansion of telehealth under 1135 waivers on intentions to seek counseling services: Difference‐in‐difference (DiD) analysis
Authors: Zhai Yusen , Carney JoLynn V. , Hazler Richard J.
Published: April 2023

Practicing counselors swiftly shifted to telehealth after insurance payers changed their policy to cover telehealth counseling under the expansion of telehealth with 1135 waivers, which has led to concerns over the policy effects on clients’ continuing counseling service‐seeking intentions. To determine if this shift to telehealth was associated with a change in clients’ counseling service‐seeking intentions while adjusting for unmeasured confounders and time trends, we performed a difference‐in‐difference analysis (a quasi‐experimental design) to compare changes between the client (treated) and non‐client (control) groups through a large national sample of emerging adults (N = 52,237). The study findings indicated that the shift to telehealth was not associated with a change in clients’ counseling service‐seeking intentions, providing support for the utility of telehealth counseling. Implications of these findings should be considered when assessing the merit of telehealth counseling to inform public policies and counseling practice in the post‐pandemic era.