bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Heavy Atom Structure, “cis effect” on Methyl Internal Rotation, and 14N Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling of 1‐Cyanopropene from Quantum Chemical and Microwave Spectroscopic Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Truong Anh , Kleiner Isabelle , Schwell Martin , Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam
Published: May 2024

The microwave spectrum of 1‐cyanopropene (crotonitrile) was remeasured using two pulsed molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometers operating from 2.0 to 40.0 GHz. The molecule exists in two isomer forms, E and Z, with respect to the orientation between the methyl and the cyano groups. The spectrum of the Z isomer is more intense. Due to internal rotation of the methyl group, doublets containing A and E torsional species were found for all rotational transitions. Hyperfine splittings arising from the 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling were resolved. The heavy atom structure of the Z isomer was determined by observation of 13C and 15N isotopologue spectra in natural abundances. The experimental results were supported by quantum chemistry. The complex spectral patterns were analyzed and fitted globally, and the barriers to methyl internal rotation are determined to be 478.325(28) cm−1 and 674.632(76) cm−1 for the Z and E isomers, respectively. The non‐bonded intramolecular electrostatic attraction between the methyl group and the 1‐cyano substituent overcomes steric hindrance, leading to higher stability of the Z isomer. The consequence is a slight opening of 3.2° of the C(1)‐C(2)‐C(3) angle and a radical decrease of the methyl torsional barrier in the Z isomer due to steric repulsion.
Gas‐Responsive and Gas‐Releasing Polymer Assemblies
Authors: Yang Cuiqin , Mu Gui‐Fang , Liang Xin , Yan Qiang
Published: May 2024

In order to explore the unique physiological roles of gas signaling molecules and gasotransmitters in vivo, chemists have engineered a variety of gas‐responsive polymers that can monitor their changes in cellular milieu, and gas‐releasing polymers that can orchestrate the release of gases. These have advanced their potential applications in the field of bio‐imaging, nanodelivery, and theranostics. Since these polymers are of different chain structures and properties, the morphology of their assemblies will manifest distinct transitions after responding to gas or releasing gas. In this review, we summarize the fundamental design rationale of gas‐responsive and gas‐releasing polymers in structure and their controlled transition in self‐assembled morphology and function, as well as present some perspectives in this prosperous field. Emerging challenges faced for the future research are also discussed.
Emotional Regulation as a Transdiagnostic Process of Emotional Disorders in Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Antuña‐Camblor Celia , Gómez‐Salas Francisco J. , Burgos‐Julián Francisco A. , González‐Vázquez Anabel , Juarros‐Basterretxea Joel , Rodríguez‐Díaz Francisco Javier
Published: May 2024

Context

Several studies have shown that emotional regulation (ER) is a transdiagnostic construct of emotional disorders. Therefore, if therapy improves ER, it would improve psychological distress.

Objective

This review assesses and compares the changes in ER due to psychological treatment in different therapies.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs published in the databases PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science was performed. It was registered in PROSPERO under the number CRD42023387317. Two independent experts in the field reviewed the articles.

Results

A total of 18 articles met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Analysis of these studies suggests that in unified protocol (UP), cognitive behaviour therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) and mindfulness, there is evidence to support that a moderate effect occurs during treatment. Furthermore, in mindfulness and DBT, the effect was moderate in the follow‐up period, while in UP, it was high.

Limitations

Given the heterogeneity of the applied interventions and the methodological limitations found in the reviewed trials, the results should be interpreted with caution.

Conclusions

UP, cognitive behaviour therapy, DBT and mindfulness can improve ER after therapy, while UP, DBT and mindfulness in the follow‐up period. Other therapies, such as SKY or Flotation REST, require more research.
QTL mapping reveals malt barley quality improvement in two dryland environments associated with extended grain fill and seminal root traits
Authors: Williams Jessica L. , Lamb Peggy F. , Lutgen Greg , Lachowiec Jennifer , Cook Jason P. , Jensen Joseph , Bourgault Maryse , Sherman Jamie D.
Published: May 2024

To achieve malt grade and receive full price, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops must meet standards for certain quality traits including percent plump and protein. Terminal drought stress reduces quality and is projected to worsen in barley cultivation areas, underscoring the need for varieties that maintain good malt production with unreliable precipitation. The stay‐green trait extends the grain fill phase between heading and maturity and has been linked to stable quality under dry conditions. However, this relationship can be inconsistent and is not well understood. To effectively leverage a longer grain fill phenotype for drought adaptation, a better grasp of its genetics and environmental interaction is needed. Stay‐green root system differences have been observed and could be at play. We performed correlation and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on grain fill duration, grain quality, and seminal root traits using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population segregating for stay‐green. Agronomic data were collected in four field trials at two distinct semiarid locations, and roots were measured in a greenhouse assay. Earlier heading and later maturity led to improved quality in both locations and more consistent quality between locations. Earlier heading had a greater influence on quality in the drier environment, while later maturity was more impactful in the less dry environment. We observed co‐locations of seminal root trait QTLs with grain fill duration and grain quality. These QTLs lay the groundwork for further investigation into root phenotypes associated with stay‐green and the deployment of these traits in breeding for drought adaptation.
Barley residue biomass, nutrient content, and relationships with grain yield
Authors: Rogers Christopher W. , Adams Curtis B. , Marshall Juliet M. , Hatzenbuehler Patrick , Thurgood Garrett , Dari Biswanath , Loomis Grant , Tarkalson David D.
Published: May 2024

Determination of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) nutrient uptake in residue biomass is important for agronomic, economic, and environmental decisions. Improved understanding of grain yield, residue biomass, nutrient uptake, and their relationships are needed. Research determined these factors in 2018 and 2019 from trials of four barley classes (spring animal feed, human food, and malt, as well as winter malt), using three common cultivars of each, at five locations in southern Idaho. Production environment created the largest difference in residue biomass and nutrient uptake. Barley harvest index ranged from 0.46 to 0.52 Mg Mg−1 across feed, food, and malt classes. Compared to previous estimates, nutrient concentrations from the combined dataset were greater than for N, less than for P, and greater than for K. Correlation of grain yields to nutrient uptake (excluding Cu and Fe) had r2 ranging from 0.68 to 0.89. At current prices, economic analysis indicated that fertilizer replacement costs for total residue biomass nutrients were greater than previous estimates and could greatly exceed current sale value. These relationships and value estimates can be used to improve prediction of barley residue biomass production and nutrient uptake to guide best management practices. The decision of how to utilize these metrics (on‐farm, regional, etc.) should be considered based on known variation in measured nutrient and residue data and considered in relation to the proposed task.
Boosting Effect of Sterically Protected Glucosyl Substituents in Formic Acid Dehydrogenation by Iridium(III) 2‐Pyridineamidate Catalysts
Authors: Trotta Caterina , Langellotti Vincenzo , Manco Immacolata , Rodriguez Gabriel Menendez , Rocchigiani Luca , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Ruffo Francesco , Macchioni Alceo
Published: May 2024

[Cp*Ir(R‐pica)Cl] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl anion, pica=2‐picolineamidate) complexes bearing carbohydrate substituents on the amide nitrogen atom (R=methyl‐β‐D‐gluco‐pyranosid‐2‐yl, 1; methyl‐3,4,6‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosid‐2‐yl, 2) were tested as catalysts for formic acid dehydrogenation in water. TOFMAX values over 12000 h−1 and 50000 h−1 were achieved at 333 K for 1 and 2, respectively, with TON values over 35000 for both catalysts. Comparison with the simpler cyclohexyl‐substituted analogue (3) indicated that glucosyl‐based complexes are much better performing under the same experimental conditions (TOFMAX=5144 h−1, TON=5000 at pH 2.5 for 3) owing to a lower tendency to isomerize to the less active k2‐N,O isomer upon protonation. The 5‐fold increase in TOFMAX observed for 2 with respect to 1 is reasonably due to an optimal steric protection by the acetyl substituent, which may prevent unproductive inner‐sphere reactivity. These results showcase a powerful strategy for the inhibition of the common deactivation pathways of [Cp*Ir(R‐pica)X] catalysts for FA dehydrogenation, paving the way for the development of better performing hydrogen storage systems.
Radical Polymer‐based Positive Electrodes for Dual‐Ion Batteries: Enhancing Performance with γ‐Butyrolactone‐based Electrolytes
Authors: Rudolf Katharina , Voigt Linus , Muench Simon , Frankenstein Lars , Landsmann Justin , Schubert Ulrich S. , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias , Kasnatscheew Johannes
Published: May 2024

Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) represent a promising alternative for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for various niche applications. DIBs with polymer‐based active materials, here poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐N‐oxyl methacrylate) (PTMA), are of particular interest for high power applications, though they require appropriate electrolyte formulations. As the anion mobility plays a crucial role in transport kinetics, Li salts are varied using the well‐dissociating solvent γ‐butyrolactone (GBL). Lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB) and lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) improve cycle life in PTMA||Li metal cells compared to other Li salts and a LiPF6‐ and carbonate‐based reference electrolyte, even at specific currents of 1.0 A g−1 (≈10C), whereas LiDFOB reveals a superior rate performance, i. e., ≈90 % capacity even at 5.0 A g−1 (≈50C). This is attributed to faster charge‐transfer/mass transport, enhanced pseudo‐capacitive contributions during the de‐/insertion of the anions into the PTMA electrode and to lower overpotentials at the Li metal electrode.
OMIP‐103: A 35‐marker imaging mass cytometry panel for the co‐detection of HIV and immune cell populations in human formalin fixed paraffin embedded intestinal tissue
Authors: Hu Kevin , O'Neil Thomas , Canete Nicolas , Baharlou Heeva , Harman Andrew
Published: May 2024

We introduce a 35‐marker imaging mass cytometry (IMC) panel for a detailed examination of immune cell populations and HIV RNA in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) human intestinal tissue. The panel has broad cell type coverage and particularly excels in delineating subsets of mononuclear phagocytes and T cells. Markers for key tissue structures are included, enabling identification of epithelium, blood vessels, lymphatics, and musculature. The described method for HIV RNA detection can be generalized to other low abundance RNA targets, whether endogenous or pathogen derived. As such, the panel presented here is useful for high parameter spatial mapping of intestinal immune cells and their interactions with pathogens such as HIV.
Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of villocarine A, an active Uncaria alkaloid
Authors: Chiang Yi‐Hua , Chear Nelson Jeng‐Yeou , Berthold Erin C. , Kuntz Michelle A. , Kanumuri Siva Rama Raju , Senetra Alexandria S. , Ramanathan Surash , McCurdy Christopher R. , Sharma Abhisheak
Published: May 2024

Villocarine A is a bioactive indole alkaloid isolated from the Uncaria genus. It has demonstrated vasorelaxation activity and potential to protect the central nervous system. To identify the pharmacokinetic properties of villocarine A, a series of in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed. Villocarine A was found to be highly permeable (15.6 ± 1.6*10−6 cm/s) across human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell monolayer with high protein binding (>91%) in both rat and human plasma. Hepatic extraction ratio of villocarine A was 0.1 in pooled rat liver and 0.2 in human liver microsomes and was found stable in rat plasma at 37°C. Due to the high permeability and low rate of metabolism properties, villocarine A was initially considered suitable for preclinical development and an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for quantification (linearity: 1–150 ng/ml) in rat plasma was developed and validated for in vivo studies. Essential pharmacokinetic parameters included the volume of distribution and clearance of villocarine A, which were found to be 100.3 ± 15.6 L/kg and 8.2 ± 1.1 L/h/kg, respectively, after intravenous administration in rats. Following oral dosing, villocarine A exhibited rapid absorption as the maximum plasma concentration (53.2 ± 10.4 ng/ml) occurred at 0.3 ± 0.1 h, post‐dose. The absolute oral bioavailability of villocarine A was 16.8 ± 0.1%. To our knowledge, this was the first pharmacokinetic study of villocarine A, which demonstrated the essential pharmacokinetic properties of villocarine A: large volume distribution, high clearance, and low oral bioavailability in rats.
Wild herbivores and cattle have differing effects on postfire herbaceous vegetation recovery in an African savanna
Authors: Masudi Sherril P. , Odadi Wilfred O. , Kimuyu Duncan M. , Gachuiri Charles K. , Sensenig Ryan L. , Young Truman P.
Published: May 2024

Fire and herbivory have profound effects on vegetation in savanna ecosystems, but little is known about how different herbivore groups influence vegetation dynamics after fire. We assessed the separate and combined effects of herbivory by cattle and wild meso‐ and megaherbivores on postfire herbaceous vegetation cover, species richness, and species turnover in a savanna ecosystem in central Kenya. We measured these vegetation attributes for five sampling periods (from 2013 to 2017) in prescribed burns and unburned areas located within a series of replicated long‐term herbivore exclosures that allow six different combinations of cattle and wild meso‐ and megaherbivores (elephants and giraffes). Vegetation cover (grasses, mainly) and species richness were initially reduced by burning but recovered by 15–27 months after fire, suggesting strong resilience to infrequent fire. However, the rates of recovery differed in plots accessible by different wild and domestic herbivore guilds. Wildlife (but not cattle) delayed postfire recovery of grasses, and the absence of wildlife (with or without cattle) delayed recovery of forbs. Herbivory by only cattle increased grass species richness in burned relative to unburned areas. Herbivory by cattle (with or without wildlife), however, reduced forb species richness in burned relative to unburned areas. Herbivory by wild ungulates (but not cattle) increased herbaceous species turnover in burned relative to unburned areas. Megaherbivores had negligible modifying effects on these results. This study demonstrates that savanna ecosystems are remarkably resilient to infrequent fires, but postfire grazing by cattle and wild mesoherbivores exerts different effects on recovery trajectories of herbaceous vegetation.
When aposematism is not enough: ExoticRattus rattusshows no mercy for carcasses ofSalamandra salamandrain insular populations
Authors: Velo‐Antón Guillermo
Published: May 2024

Predator–prey interaction is a major force driving natural selection. Yet, the identification of species preying on, or consuming, aposematic species is largely unknown. Here, I conduct a study evaluating the role of the exoticRattus rattusas a consumer and possible predator of the aposematic and toxicSalamandra salamandra. I used camera traps to investigate the response ofR. rattustowardsS. salamandracarcasses in two insular populations, Ons and San Martiño (NW Spain), which show remarkable contrasting behaviour (nocturnal vs. diurnal activity) and demographic and phenotypic differences. This study unveilsR. rattusconsumesS. salamandradespite its aposematic colour pattern and toxicity. The high number of salamander carcasses consumed or taken by rats throughout each island (90%–100%) and the lack of other possible predator–prey interactions points toR. rattusas an efficient consumer ofS. salamandrain these insular environments, which might exert a high predation pressure on both islands. Yet, the drivers underlying the behavioural and phenotypic differences in these insular populations should be further investigated.
Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with diabetes and heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction according to background glucose‐lowering therapy: A pre‐specified analysis of the DELIVER trial
Authors: Lassen Mats Christian Højbjerg , Ostrominski John W. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Claggett Brian L. , Kulac Ian , Jhund Pardeep , de Boer Rudolf A. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Martinez Felipe A. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Desai Akshay S. , Petersson Magnus , Langkilde Anna Maria , Docherty Kieran F. , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. , Vaduganathan Muthiah
Published: May 2024

Aims

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist, but whether clinical outcomes and treatment effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) vary in relation to background glucose‐lowering therapy (GLT) in this population is uncertain.

Methods and results

DELIVER randomized patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >40% to dapagliflozin or placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of worsening HF (HF hospitalization or urgent HF visit) or cardiovascular death. In this pre‐specified analysis of participants with T2D, treatment effects were assessed by number and class of background GLT(s). Of 3150 participants with T2D at baseline, 22.9% were on no GLT, 36.5% were treated with 1 GLT, and 40.6% with ≥2 GLTs. During follow‐up (median: 2.3 years), treatment benefits of dapagliflozin (vs. placebo) on the primary outcome were consistent irrespective of the number of background GLTs (0 GLTs: hazard ratio [HR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50–1.00; 1 GLT: HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.80–1.34; ≥2 GLTs: HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56–0.90; pinteraction = 0.59). Similar findings were observed among participants with (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59–0.92) and without background metformin use (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.72–1.11; pinteraction = 0.22) and in participants with (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.69–1.16) and without background insulin use (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.95; pinteraction = 0.45). Dapagliflozin was well‐tolerated irrespective of the number of background GLTs.

Conclusions

Dapagliflozin safely and consistently improved clinical outcomes among individuals with T2D and HF with LVEF >40% irrespective of the number and class of background GLTs, and the benefits were not influenced by concomitant metformin or insulin use. These data bolster contemporary guidelines supporting first‐line SGLT2i among individuals with T2D and HF, irrespective of background GLT.
On‐treatment analysis of torsemide versus furosemide for patients hospitalized for heart failure: A post‐hoc analysis of TRANSFORM‐HF
Authors: Kittipibul Veraprapas , Mentz Robert J. , Clare Robert M. , Wojdyla Daniel M. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Eisenstein Eric L. , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Goyal Parag , Skopicki Hal A. , Ketema Fassil , Kim Dong‐Yun , Desvigne‐Nickens Patrice , Pitt Bertram , Velazquez Eric J. , Greene Stephen J.
Published: May 2024

Aim

The TRANSFORM‐HF trial demonstrated no significant outcome differences between torsemide and furosemide following hospitalization for heart failure (HF), but may have been impacted by non‐adherence to the randomized diuretic. The current study sought to determine the treatment effect of torsemide versus furosemide using an on‐treatment analysis inclusive of all randomized patients except those confirmed non‐adherent to study diuretic.

Methods and results

TRANSFORM‐HF was an open‐label, pragmatic randomized trial of 2859 patients hospitalized for HF from June 2018 through March 2022. Patients were randomized to a loop diuretic strategy of torsemide versus furosemide with investigator‐selected dosage. This post‐hoc on‐treatment analysis included all patients alive with either known or unknown diuretic status, and excluded patients confirmed to be non‐adherent to study diuretic. This modified on‐treatment definition was applied separately at time of hospital discharge and 30‐day follow‐up. All‐cause mortality and hospitalization outcomes were assessed over 12 months. Overall, 2570 (89.9%) and 2374 (83.0%) patients were included in on‐treatment analyses at discharge and 30‐day follow‐up, respectively. There was no significant difference in all‐cause mortality between torsemide and furosemide in patients on‐treatment at discharge (17.5% vs. 17.8%; hazard ratio [HR] 1.01 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83–1.22], p = 0.96) and at 30‐day follow‐up (14.5% vs. 15.0%; HR 1.02 [95% CI 0.81–1.27], p = 0.90). All‐cause mortality or all‐cause hospitalization was similar between torsemide and furosemide in patients who were on‐treatment at discharge (58.3% vs. 61.3%; HR 0.92 [95% CI 0.82–1.03]) and 30‐day follow‐up (60.9% vs. 64.4%; HR 0.93 [95% CI 0.82–1.05]). In patients who were on‐treatment at 30‐day follow‐up, there were 677 total hospitalizations in the torsemide group and 686 total hospitalizations in the furosemide group (rate ratio 0.99 [95% CI 0.86–1.14], p = 0.87).

Conclusions

In TRANSFORM‐HF, a post‐hoc on‐treatment analysis did not meaningfully differ from the original trial results. Among those deemed compliant with the assigned diuretic, there remained no significant difference in mortality or hospitalization after HF hospitalization with a strategy of torsemide versus furosemide.

Clinical Trail Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03296813.
Definitions and surveillance methods of running‐related injuries: A scoping review
Authors: Lacey Aisling , Whyte Enda , Dillon Sarah , O’Connor Siobhán , Burke Aoife , Moran Kieran
Published: May 2024

Inconsistent and restricted definitions of injury have contributed to limitations in determining injury rates and identifying risk factors for running‐related injuries (RRIs). The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the definitions and surveillance methods of RRIs. A systematic electronic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscuss, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. Included studies were published in English between January 1980 and June 2023 which investigated RRIs in adult running populations, providing a definition for a general RRI. Results were extracted and collated. 204 articles were included. Three primary criteria were used to define RRIs: physical description, effect on training and medical intervention, while three secondary criteria are also associated with definitions: cause/onset of injury, location, and social consequences. Further descriptors and sub‐descriptors form these criteria. The use of Boolean operators resulted in nine variations in definitions. Inconsistency is evident among definitions of RRIs. Injury definitions seem to be important for two main reasons: firstly, determining accurate injury rates, and secondly, in research examining risk factors. For the latter, definitions seem to be very limited, only capturing severe injuries and failing to recognise the full development process of RRIs, precluding the identification of conclusive risk factors. A potential two‐approach solution is the initial use of a broad definition acting as a gatekeeper for identifying any potential injury, and follow‐up with an extensive surveillance tool to capture the specific consequences of the varying severity of RRIs.
Aerobic high‐intensity interval training and maximal strength training in patients with unspecific musculoskeletal disorders improve V̇O2peak and maximal strength more than moderate training
Authors: Hov Håkon , Eithun Geir , Wang Eivind , Helgerud Jan
Published: May 2024

Improving peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and maximal strength are key objectives of rehabilitation for patients with unspecific musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Although high‐intensity training yield superior outcomes for these factors, patients with MSDs may not tolerate high‐intensity due to pain and fear. Therefore, we examined the effect and feasibility of incorporating aerobic high‐intensity intervals (HIITs) and maximal strength training (MST) in a standard clinical rehabilitation program for patients with unspecific MSDs. 73 patients (45 ± 10 years) with MSDs partaking in a standard, public, and 4‐week rehabilitation program were randomized to high‐intensity training (HG: 4 × 4 minutes intervals at ∼90% of maximal heart rate; HRmax, and 4 × 4 repetitions leg press at ∼90% of 1 repetition maximum; 1RM, with maximal intended velocity) or keep todays treatment of low‐to moderate‐intensity training (MG: various cycling, walking, and/or running activities at ∼70%–80% of HRmax and 3 × 8 − 10 repetitions leg press at ∼75% of 1RM without maximal intended velocity). HG improved V̇O2peak (12 ± 7%) and leg press 1RM (43 ± 34%) more than moderate‐intensity group (V̇O2peak; 5 ± 6%, 1RM; 19 ± 18%, both p < 0.001). We observed that no adverse events and no between‐group differences in dropout rate or self‐reported quality of life (both p > 0.05). There were positive correlations between improved V̇O2peak and improved physical (p = 0.024) and emotional (0.016) role functioning. We conclude that both high‐intensity interval training and MST are feasible and improve V̇O2peak and maximal strength more than standard low‐to moderate‐intensity treatment of patients with unspecific MSDs. Our findings suggest that high‐intensity training should be implemented as a part of standard clinical care of this patient population.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of effects of realistic boundary conditions on volumetric radiation‐conduction melting of a novel cylindrical enclosure filled with phase change materials
Authors: Zameni‐Ghalati Saeideh , Mehryar Reza , Imani Gholamreza
Published: May 2024

In this research, a novel solar latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system, including the cylindrical enclosures filled with a phase change material (PCM), is proposed, which can be installed on the building windows to alleviate the drawbacks of traditional PCM‐filled double‐glazed windows, such as daylight hindrance and leakage. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate the volumetric radiation‐conduction melting of the PCM within a single cylinder of the proposed LHTES system with considering more realistic conditions such as convective boundary condition, shadow effect, and variable solar radiation angle compared with the available works in the literature. As such, several boundary conditions are assessed, and parameters such as cylinder diameter, extinction coefficient, scattering albedo, solar angle, shadow effect, and natural convection heat transfer coefficient are studied on the time history of the melting fraction and charging time. The results revealed that considering the applied conditions, such as convection heat loss to the environment and shadow, significantly affects the charging time of the system. It is shown that the charging time for convective boundary condition with , , and increases, respectively, by 11%, 30%, and 50% relative to a case with the insulated boundary condition without the shadow effect and 38%, 91%, and 175% compared with the insulated case with a 90° shadow.
Adulteration detection of edible oil by one‐class classification and outlier detection
Authors: Dou Xinjing , Tu Fengqin , Yu Li , Yang Yong , Ma Fei , Wang Xuefang , Wang Du , Zhang Liangxiao , Jiang Xiaoming , Li Peiwu
Published: May 2024

Edible oil adulteration is a mostly practiced phenomenon. However, the traditional discriminant methods fail to detect oil adulteration involving more than one adulterant. Recently, one‐class classifiers were built for food or oil authentication. Unfortunately, as it is hard to determine the application domain of the one‐class classifier, high prediction error was obtained for real samples in market surveillance. In this study, a new method was developed based on one‐class classification and outlier detection for edible oil adulteration detection in market surveillance. The model population was constructed using Monte Carlo sampling of unidentified inspected samples to select the plateau region exhibiting the highest accumulated absolute centered residual (ACR) values. Subsequently, the number of models in the plateau region was validated by the theoretical ones calculated by the classical probability model. The models in the plateau region with the highest cumulative accumulated ACR values were used to identify adulterated oils. Furthermore, the cross‐validation was conducted by comparing identification results from two different Monte Carlo sampling ratios to ensure the accuracy of our method. Both single adulteration and multiple adulteration of peanut oils were prepared to validate our method. Moreover, this method was used to detect adulteration of sesame oils, which have already been identified by the markers in our previous study. The validation results of three datasets indicated that this method could effectively identify adulterated samples and therefore provide a novel solution for inspecting potential adulteration in practice.
Prevotella copri—a potential next‐generation probiotic
Authors: Zang Xiaojie , Xiao Meifang , Yu Leilei , Chen Ying , Duan Hui , Zhang Chengcheng , Zhao Jianxin , Narbad Arjan , Chen Wei , Tian Fengwei , Zhai Qixiao
Published: May 2024

Prevotella copri, which is divided into four clades, exerts bidirectional effects on host health. These effects include positive improvements in the allergy response and insulin sensitivity. However, P. copri sometimes has adverse effects on host health, and it has been found to be positively correlated with inflammation, insulin resistance, and diarrhea. The interaction between P. copri and these diseases is influenced by the host's diet. The capacity of P. copri to metabolize dietary glycans, as well as the effects of its degradation products, such as short‐chain fatty acids and succinic acid, appear to underlie its dual impact on the host. This duality suggests that manipulating the host's diet to increase the abundance of P. copri may be an effective strategy to improve disease outcomes. Here, we illustrate the characteristics and genetic traits of P. copri related to dietary metabolism are and summarize the health effects of P. copri on the host and methods to regulate its abundance, thus providing suggestions for the development and practical application of P. copri.
Forecasting tail risk of skewed financial returns having exponential‐polynomial tails
Authors: Antwi Albert , Gyamfi Emmanuel N. , Adam Anokye M.
Published: May 2024

Aggregated long and short trading risk positions of speculative assets over time are likely to be unequal. This may be because of irrational decisions of traders and investors as well as catastrophic events that lead to pronounce or salient market crashes. Returns of such assets are therefore more likely to have one polynomial tail and one exponential tail. The generalized hyperbolic (GH) skewed Student‐t distribution is known to handle such situations quite well. In this paper, we use generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models to empirically show the superiority of the GH skewed Student‐t distribution in forecasting the extreme tail risks of cryptocurrency returns in the presence of substantial skewness in comparison with some competing distributions. Furthermore, we show the practical significance of the GH skewed Student‐t distribution‐based risk forecasts in computing daily capital requirements. Evidence from the study suggests that the GH skewed Student‐t distribution model tends to be superior in forecasting volatility and expected shortfall (ES) but not value‐at‐risk. In addition, the distribution yields higher value‐at‐risk (VaR) exceptions but surprisingly avoids the red zone of the Basel II accord penalty zones and produces lower but optimal daily capital requirements. Therefore, in the presence of substantially skewed returns having exponential‐polynomial tails, we recommend the use of the GH skewed Student‐t distribution for parametric GARCH models in forecasting extreme tail risk.
Exploration of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance in the treatment of BRCA1/2‐mutated cancer
Authors: Wu Shuyi , Yao Xuanjie , Sun Weiwei , Jiang Kaitao , Hao Jie
Published: May 2024

Breast cancer susceptibility 1/2 (BRCA1/2) genes play a crucial role in DNA damage repair, yet mutations in these genes increase the susceptibility to tumorigenesis. Exploiting the synthetic lethality mechanism between BRCA1/2 mutations and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition has led to the development and clinical approval of PARP inhibitor (PARPi), representing a milestone in targeted therapy for BRCA1/2 mutant tumors. This approach has paved the way for leveraging synthetic lethality in tumor treatment strategies. Despite the initial success of PARPis, resistance to these agents diminishes their efficacy in BRCA1/2‐mutant tumors. Investigations into PARPi resistance have identified replication fork stability and homologous recombination repair as key factors sensitive to PARPis. Additionally, studies suggest that replication gaps may also confer sensitivity to PARPis. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates a correlation between PARPi resistance and cisplatin resistance, suggesting a potential overlap in the mechanisms underlying resistance to both agents. Given these findings, it is imperative to explore the interplay between replication gaps and PARPi resistance, particularly in the context of platinum resistance. Understanding the impact of replication gaps on PARPi resistance may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance mechanisms and enhance the efficacy of targeted therapies in BRCA1/2‐mutant tumors.
Uncovering the WWTR1::NCOA2 Gene fusion in low‐grade myoepithelial‐rich neoplasm with HMGA2 expression: A case report
Authors: Alsugair Ziyad , Pissaloux Daniel , Descotes Françoise , Tirode Franck , Lopez Jonathan , Perrot Jimmy , Lapierre Ariane , Fieux Maxime , Philouze Pierre , Champagnac Anne , Onea Mihaela , Benzerdjeb Nazim
Published: May 2024

We describe a case of a pleomorphic adenoma (PA) arising from the para‐tracheal accessory salivary gland in a 44‐year‐old male harboring a novel WWTR1::NCOA2 gene fusion. To our knowledge, this novel gene fusion has not been described previously in salivary gland tumors. The patient presented with hoarseness of voice. The radiological exam revealed a mass in the upper third of the trachea involving the larynx. Histologically, the tumor consisted of bland‐looking monocellular eosinophilic epithelial cells arranged in cords and sheets separated by thin fibrous stroma, focally forming a pseudo‐tubular pattern. In immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells demonstrated positivity for CK7, PS100, SOX10, and HMGA2; and negativity for CK5/6, p40 p63, and PLAG1. In addition, the clustering analysis clearly demonstrates a clustering of tumors within the PA group. In addition to reporting this novel fusion in the PA spectrum, we discuss the relevant differential diagnoses and briefly review of NCOA2 and WWTR1 gene functions in normal and neoplastic contexts.
Individual differences in learning agility at work: A mixed methods study to develop and validate a new scale
Authors: Milani Roberta , Sommovigo Valentina , Ghirotto Luca , Setti Ilaria
Published: May 2024

The unprecedented complexity of today's business and working environment increases the need for leaders and employees to learn new skills, be adaptable, and open to embracing change. New abilities and mindsets emerge, and their evaluation is challenging. This research utilized an exploratory sequential mixed methods design to develop and provide a preliminary validation of a scale measuring individual differences in learning agility (LA) at work. The measure has been tested in Central‐Eastern European countries, Italy, and Egypt. Results showed satisfactory reliability and nomological validity. The final scale of 11 items provides HRD researchers and practitioners with a reliable and concise tool suitable for investigating individual differences in LA across different job roles and positions. The scale has been tested in a cross‐cultural setting and is available in English, making it especially appropriate for multinational contexts.
Study of the relationship between psychoactive substance use and pain in cancer patients and cancer survivors: A French nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ragusa Charles , Pereira Bruno , Balayssac David
Published: May 2024

Pain is a prevalent symptom among cancer patients and survivors. Psychoactive substance use (PSU) is associated with both the presence and severity of pain. However, little is known about this association in the context of cancer. The primary objective was to compare the prevalence of PSU and its relationship with pain during and after cancer. PSU was defined as the use of nonmedication substances (alcohol, tobacco, e‐cigarettes, cannabidiol, and cannabis), with frequency categorized as at least yearly, monthly, weekly, or daily. Secondary objectives aimed to explore the relationships between PSU and pain characteristics, health‐related quality of life, anxiety, depression, deprivation, and individual characteristics. Among the 1041 individuals included, pain prevalence was 44.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.6%–47.8%). The overall prevalence of PSU at least monthly was 67.0% (95% CI 64.0%–69.8%). The proportions of chronic and neuropathic pains were higher for at least monthly use of cannabidiol compared to nonuse (70.0% vs. 39.3% and 55.7% vs. 28.1%, p < .001). In multivariate analysis, the monthly uses of tobacco and cannabidiol were higher in painful individuals than in nonpainful ones (odds ratio: 2.85 [95% CI 1.22–6.64] and 3.76 [95% CI 1.13–12.44], p < .05). From the point of view of the patient care, the study underscores the need for physicians to prioritize smoking cessation and pay attention to the use of cannabidiol during and after cancer.
Impact of a feedback strategy in a series of communication‐focused patient care simulations
Authors: Rao Hindu , Beuttler Richard , Dintzner Madeline , Taheri Reza , Bach Albert T. , Fakourfar Neeloufar
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Patient care simulations (PCS) and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) allow pharmacy students to practice communication. Feedback can help improve communication, but the impact over time is not well understood.

Objective

This study investigated the impact of a feedback strategy on pharmacy students' communication skills over three PCS. It also evaluated the alignment between students' self‐scoring and faculty scoring.

Methods

Pharmacy students participated in three sessions (PCS1, OSCE, and PCS3) that were focused on the affective domain. Individualized numerical and narrative feedback was provided to students on their performance after PCS1. Students' communication was scored by faculty graders out of an 18‐point validated rubric. Students self‐scored their communication with the same rubric. Faculty and student scores were compared using a linear mixed effects model, and an intraclass correlation coefficient was used to measure agreement.

Results

In PCS1, 82 students scored an average of 15.41 ± 2.14 for faculty scores and 16.06 ± 1.55 for self‐graded scores (0.36, p < 0.001). In the OSCE, 81 students had an average of 15.93 ± 1.86 for faculty scores and 16.45 ± 1.35 for self‐graded scores (0.1, p = 0.18). In PCS3, 74 students scored an average of 15.22 ± 2.15 for faculty scores and 16.25 ± 1.44 for self‐graded scores (0.14, p = 0.08). A correlation between faculty and student scores was seen for PCS1. Over the three sessions, no significant differences were found between student self‐graded scores (p = 0.08), but faculty scores did differ, with the OSCE having higher scores than PCS3 (p < 0.01). Many students with faculty‐graded scores greater than 1 standard deviation below the mean scored themselves higher than faculty did.

Conclusion

Feedback after PCS1 did not significantly improve scores. Students with low faculty‐graded scores frequently scored themselves higher indicating low self‐awareness.
Emotions in engineering education: A configurative meta‐synthesis systematic review
Authors: Lönngren Johanna , Bellocchi Alberto , Berge Maria , Bøgelund Pia , Direito Inês , Huff James L. , Mohd‐Yusof Khairiyah , Murzi Homero , Farahwahidah Abdul Rahman Nor , Tormey Roland
Published: May 2024

Background

The study of emotions in engineering education (EEE) has increased in recent years, but this emerging, multidisciplinary body of research is dispersed and not well consolidated. This paper reports on the first systematic review of EEE research and scholarship.

Purpose

The review aimed to critically assess how researchers and scholars in engineering education have conceptualized emotions and how those conceptualizations have been used to frame and conduct EEE research and scholarship.

Scope/Method

The systematic review followed the procedures of a configurative meta‐synthesis, mapping emotion theories and concepts, research purposes and methods, and citation patterns in the EEE literature. The review proceeded through five stages: (i) scoping and database searching; (ii) abstract screening, full text sifting, and full text review; (iii) pearling; (iv) scoping review, and (v) in‐depth analysis for the meta‐synthesis review. Two hundred and thirteen publications were included in the final analysis.

Results

The results show that the EEE literature has not extensively engaged with the wide range of conceptualizations of emotion available in the educational, psychological, and sociological literature. Further, the focus on emotion often seems to have been unintentional and of secondary importance in studies whose primary goals were to study other phenomena.

Conclusions

More research adopting intentional, theorized approaches to emotions will be crucial in further developing the field. To do justice to complex emotional phenomena in teaching and learning, future EEE research will also need to engage a broader range of conceptualizations of emotion and research methods, drawing on diverse disciplinary traditions.
Sevoflurane blocks KLF5‐mediated transcriptional activation of ITGB2 to inhibit macrophage infiltration in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Ye , Gao Weinian , Lei Shuyan , Wu Xiaoning , Yuan Tao , Ma Kai , Chi Kui
Published: May 2024

Background

Sevoflurane (Sevo) preconditioning and postconditioning play a protective role against injury induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). At the same time, the involvement of macrophage infiltration in this process and the precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, we designed this research to elucidate the protective effects of Sevo against hepatic I/R injury and the molecules involved.

Methods

The alleviating effect of Sevo on the liver injury was analyzed by liver function analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated 2′‐deoxyuridine 5′‐triphosphate nick end labeling, western blot analysis and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. An in vitro cell model was developed using alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells, and the cell model was treated with oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation and Sevo. Multiple bioinformatics databases were used to screen transcriptional regulators related to hepatic I/R injury and the targets of Krueppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5). KLF5 expression was artificially upregulated alone or with integrin beta‐2 (ITGB2) knockdown to substantiate their involvement in Sevo‐mediated hepatoprotection.

Results

Sevo protected the liver against I/R injury by reducing cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. KLF5 was upregulated in liver tissues following I/R injury, whereas KLF5 overexpression aggravated macrophage infiltration and liver injury induced by I/R injury. KLF5 bound to the promoter of ITGB2 to enhance ITGB2 transcription. Knockdown of ITGB2 reversed the aggravation of injury caused by KLF5 overexpression in mice and AML12 cells.

Conclusions

Sevo blocked KLF5‐mediated transcriptional activation of ITGB2, thereby inhibiting macrophage infiltration in hepatic I/R injury.
Stable engraftment, as well as graft versus host disease‐free and relapse‐free survival brought by the combination of CD7 targeted universal chimeric antigen receptor‐T, and donor hemopoietic stem cells: Indication of a case report
Authors: Li Shiqi , Yuan Zhongtao , Liu Lin , Li Yu , Luo Le , Peng Lihui , Xu Mengli , Yin Ping , Chen Yingnian , Li Xiaoping , Zang Qingying , Zhang Xi , Wang Sanbin
Published: May 2024

CD7 targeted CAR‐T has demonstrated potential in the treatment of T cell malignancies but no study has been reported about its potential in the prophylaxis of GVHD in allo‐HSCT. Here we reported a special case that a boy diagnosed with refractory acute T lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) was treated with universal CD7 targeted CAR‐T (CD7 UCAR‐T) and parent‐derived peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). Complete remission and full engraftment of donor was observed. In the later four months of follow‐up, in the absence of any immunodepression treatment, no signs of GVHD were observed. This case initially demonstrates the potential of CD7 UCAR‐T in the prophylaxis of GVHD.
Improving Routine 89Zr‐Immuno‐PET Applications: Mild Iron Removal Can Favor the Use of Fe‐DFO‐N‐suc‐TFP Ester Over p‐NCS‐Bz‐DFO
Authors: Wuensche Thomas E. , Nauta Sabine , van Dongen Guus A. M. S. , Vugts Danielle J.
Published: May 2024

A key aspect for the applicability of 89Zr‐radioimmunoconjugates is inert modification and radiolabeling. The two commercially available bifunctional variants of the siderophore desferrioxamine (DFO), Fe‐DFO‐N‐suc‐TFP‐ester and p‐NCS‐Bz‐DFO, are most often used for clinical 89Zr‐immuno‐PET. The use of Fe‐DFO‐N‐suc‐TFP‐ester is advantageous with regard to higher radiolysis stability and more facile assessment of radiochemical purity as well as chelator‐to‐mAb ratio. However, not all mAbs withstand the Fe‐removal step at relatively low pH (4–4.5) using EDTA, which is needed after conjugation to allow 89Zr labeling. In this study, it was investigated whether hydroxybenzyl ethylenediamine (HBED) or the clinically approved deferiprone (DFP) can serve as an alternative for EDTA to establish a pH‐independent mild method for Fe‐removal and thereby broaden the applicability of Fe‐DFO‐N‐suc‐TFP‐ester. Carrier‐added [59Fe]Fe‐DFO‐N‐suc‐TFP‐ester was used for mAb modification to enable direct tracking of the Fe‐removal efficiency under various conditions. Whereas incomplete Fe‐removal with HBED was observed at pH 5 or higher, Fe‐removal with DFP was possible at a broad pH range (4–9). This provides a mild, pH‐independent method for Fe‐removal, improving the applicability and attractiveness of Fe‐DFO‐N‐suc‐TFP‐ester for 89Zr‐mAb preparation.