bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Tentative Study of the Presentation of Culture in Present College English Textbooks
Authors: Wu Chun Mei
Published: June 2011

Cultivating students’ intercultural communication competence( ICC) is the focus of college English teaching. As the textbook is seen as the major vehicle to transmit culture, importance has been attached to the presentation of culture in textbooks, which looms large in students’ ICC. Based on two surveys , the author finds that positive aspects of foreign culture and native culture are presented in textbooks, however, foreign culture is so much in proportion to native culture that ultimately results in students’ failure in ICC. Teachers shoul balance two cultures in teaching, and launch a dialogue between them on the basis of the choice , intergration and balanced utilization of the two cultures. With the two-culture-dialogue, students can promote their ICC effectively.
Economic Analysis of Risky Projects Based on LS-SVM
Authors: Guo Xin Chen , Zhang Chao , Zhang Fu Wei
Published: June 2011

Risk management and its accurate analysis are very important for project management. RBF and MLP Neural Network Model are common methods of risk management and analysis, which are not accurate enough. In this paper a new method based on LS-SVM is introduced. Analytical models of risky projects are investigated and function approximation results are compared. Experimental results show that the regression analysis of risk based on LS-SVM method has higher prediction accuracy and better generalization ability.
GPSR Routing Protocol in Urban Environment
Authors: Zhang Li Cui , Zhang Guo Qiang , Wang Zhi Gang , Zhang Fan , Xu Xiao Fei
Published: June 2011

The research on Communication based on Ad hoc networks between vehicles is highly concerned about in many countries. However, Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is in the environment in which traditional methods have certain limitations. In this paper, vehicular network scenarios and the probability of penetration model are given. Through adding obstacles and the probability of penetration model to NS2, GPSR performs better in the new simulation scenarios.
The Sequential Pattern Mining Algorithm MHSP Based on MH
Authors: Wang Jun , Jiang Ya Qiong
Published: June 2011

Pattern growth approach is an important method in sequential pattern mining. Projection database based on the method is introduced in PrefixSpan, and the PrefixSpan algorithm can solve the problem of mining sequential patterns. But relative to large projection database, the performance of PrefixSpan is affected. Inspired by the prefix-divide method and MH structure, this paper proposed a new algorithm MHSP for sequential pattern mining. Based on the real datasets, experimental results show that the performance of MHSP algorithm is more than twice as fast as PrefixSpan.
Small and Medium Single-Box Multi-Room Continuous Box Girder Bridge Design and Calculation Method
Authors: Gui Xue , Song Jian Wei , Wang Xing Nai , Du Hong Jing
Published: June 2011

This paper summarizes a variety of designing and calculating methods of Small and Medium Single-box Multi-room Continuous Box Girder bridge system that used widly in bridge engineering in current. On the basis of careful research and comparison on a variety of designing methods, this paper proposes the advantages and disadvantages of these calculating methods in practical application of theory, proposes the important insights about the developing and perfection direction in the calculating methods, shows clearly the direction on the further research of the designing and calculating methods of the Small and Medium Single-box Multi-room Continuous Box Girder Bridge.
Study on Image Processing of Wheel Valve Hole Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Li Chang Chun , Wang Shi Feng , Yu Jing , Liu Hua Guan
Published: June 2011

This paper discusses the basic principle for automatic searching the wheel valve hole based on machine vision. Image acquisition and image processing have been done, and we analyzed the factors that impact the image quality of wheel valve hole. This paper argues that many parameters such as the wheel speed, painting color, the distance between the camera and the valve hole, edge detection operator, and they will affect the quality of the image acquisition and image processing of valve hole.
Study on IT Project Investment Risk Evaluation Based on ANP
Authors: Liu Bing Sheng , Ma Hui Yan , Lin Li
Published: June 2011

This paper has studied the classification of investment risks in IT projects, and got 5 categories of investment risks, which can be subdivided into 14 kinds. Then established the IT project investment risk evaluation model based on ANP and made empirical analysis on it with Super Decision Software. The results we got offered a reference for IT project investment risk management.
Study on Sensor Signal Filtering Based on Wavelet Energy Entropy
Authors: Yan Jian Guo , Yuan Dong Li , Li Si Yuan , Xing Xiao Jun
Published: June 2011

In order to increase the fuel level measurement accuracy in aircraft fuel system, the method of sensor signal filtering based on the wavelet energy entropy was put forward. Using the maximum entropy principle the wavelet energy entropy of high-frequency coefficient vector in each level was calculated while the output signal of sensor was analyzed in wavelet multi-resolution mode. Once the sum of wavelet energy entropy for filtered signal and noise signal is maximum, the filtering effect is much better. At the same time, the result of tests which use simulation signal and fuel level sensor data collected from fuel tank oscillation test are all satisfied, it is show that this method is available.
Design and Research on CAD/CAM System of Parallel Indexing Cam
Authors: Yang Xian Hai , Liu Xue Chuan , Li Chun Hua
Published: June 2011

In order to research CAD/CAM system for parallel division cam to realize the integrated designing and manufacturing for it, firstly, we classify parallel division cam into different series; secondly, based on the homogeneous coordinates theory, analysis and synthesize them of different series, then we can figure out the theoretic profile curvilinear equation and the actual profile curvilinear equation; after that, using VC ++ we develop the design system for parallel division cam based on above equations. The system has a friend interface dialog for inputting parameters, can achieve below functions: automatically synthesize the parameters for mechanisms, automatically create the profile of cams, saving data in format that UG required, generate the three-dimensional solid model, execute machining simulation and generate NC program code. The reliability of the system has been verified by instances.
Social Network, Instant Message and their Security and Robust Transfer
Authors: Zhou Qi Li , Shi Yong Qiang , Zhang Lin , Wang Tian , Du Jiang Tao
Published: June 2011

A community chatroom with instant message and file transfer is developed. P2P communication technology is introduced and composite P2P architecture is used in the development. P2P mode and C/S mode are combined, server node play the role of promoting coordination among nodes and function expansion. Data structure and database are designed. Interface, messaging, file transferring, debugging are completed and experiences are put forward. Many functions of C# are used smartly in the programming. Network resources are efficiently utilized, the burdens on server and network are reduced because communications among users are performed directly in the system.
On Displacement Identification of Storage Tank and Research and Application of Mathematical Model for Tank Gage Table Calibration
Authors: Xing Feng
Published: June 2011

The issue under discussion in this paper results from a practical task faced with research institutions and manufacturers for gas station equipment, and will be divided into two parts: 1. In order to observe the impact of storage tank displacement on tank gage table, the author, on the premise of the displacements parameters, to detect the corresponding values of oil level and volume and analyze the law of change of the tank gage table through modeling and provided a revised tank gage table. The above belongs to direct problem. 2. Based on the data from practical detection, the paper will identify how the displacement occurred and the level of the displacement. Meanwhile, the measure and result of calibration will be offered. All the above belongs to inverse problem.
About an Information Transformation Architecture for the Grid
Authors: Chen Dong Mei
Published: June 2011

We present a new architecture for information transformation that leads practical information refinery to a abstract level in order to support concepts-based information finding for the Grid. The overall goal of the architecture is to provide abstract content descriptions of network resource to achIRve precise information finding.
Engine Informationization Platform Design
Authors: Shi Ying , Wang Liang
Published: June 2011

Taking crank-connecting rod mechanism for example, this paper uses the Pro/E modeling, uses the 3D-MAX to create a disassembly animations, and then uses image processing software Fireworks and Web Design Software Dreamweaver(both belong to the webpage three swordsmen ) to design a basic page. The former two contents and the other searched information, such as courseware, pictures, enterprise-links and driving test and so on, as a resource to fill the web page. Finally completes the design of an informationization platform, making it to be an intuitive, comprehensive, efficient learning channel.
Finite Element Analysis on High Embankment of Widened Road
Authors: Yang Cheng Zhong , Wan Wen Jie
Published: June 2011

By means of finite element method software simulation analysis, using strength reduction finite element method analyse factor of safety of embankments. Nowadays most finite element program is analyzed in the perfect elasto-plastic with the Mohr-Coulomb not equiangular hexagon circumcircle Drucker-Prager yield criterion, it have margin of error with not equiangular hexagon in π-plane, so we use Mohr-Coulomb equivalent area circle D-P yield criterion instead of it. Calculate conversion coefficient of two safety factor under different yield criterion. Using safety factor through finite element software by strength reduction multiply by conversion coefficient, get new safety factor. Through the example of high embankment of old road widened in Shanghai-Chengdu expressway Hejiaping cable section K2+ 710~890, validation of this method calculated the accuracy of the safety factor, the results show that the new factor of safety closer to the true value.
Research on Cache Quadtree: A Cache Index for Spatial Data Based on Intelligent Material System
Authors: Zhang Zhong Jie , Zhao De Peng , Wang De Qiang
Published: June 2011

This paper presents a new spatial index structure - cache quadtree. Cache quadtree combined with the advantages of spatial indexing and caching. According to the characteristics of spatial data, query uses the previous query results as much as possible, only the necessary queries are performed on the server. Meanwhile, full use of query results in the cache tree; reduce the server's query and its query range. Our paper gives the cache quadtree structure and the key algorithm in detail.
Option Mechanism and Evaluation Research of Partners in Agility Supply Chain
Authors: Liu Hua Qiong
Published: June 2011

This agility supply chain management is a complex project, because the running process is uncertain and dynamic. It requires realistic and feasible option mechanism and foundation process of the partnership and the problems that may come up in the cooperation process on the basis of the essence of the partnership. At present, China's enterprises are facing the challenges of the international market as its economic integration with the world. The traditional mode of operation of enterprises receives a serious impact internationally. Supply chain management theory and practice is increasingly showing its competitive advantage in the competition of global market. Supply chain management becomes a notable trend of development of China’s enterprise management. Under such a circumstance, the establishment of dynamic enterprise alliance and agile supply chain has become the survival weight of China's enterprises, so the study of agile supply chain management is imperative.
Vertexes Arraying in Class A Surfaces Smoothing for Auto-Body
Authors: Xu Jia Chuan , Wang Deng Feng
Published: June 2011

Vertexes arraying is the fundamental factor which influenced the qualities and efficiency in auto-body smoothing. Favorable vertexes arraying not only can make the surfaces satisfy styling but also improve quality and efficiency of surfaces smoothing. According to the expressing methods and matched condition of surfaces the vertexes arraying rules of auto-body surfaces are given. And the rules are validated by examples. The result verified that rational vertexes arraying can improve the quality and efficiency in auto-body surfaces smoothing.
The Design of Rotary Heat Exchangers
Authors: Wei Hong Ling , Lu Xiao Shun
Published: June 2011

Rotary heat exchanger heat exchanger is produced based on the original so easy to have oxide generated sediments, it has a small, high efficiency and low cost, can be widely used in textile, printing and dyeing, food processing, leather, paper and chemical industries. The feasibility of the rotary heat exchangers is analyzed from thermodynamics.
Research on SDCT Operation Based on Transform Basic Matrix
Authors: Sun Wen Bang , Chen He Xin , Sun Wen Bing , Tang Hai Yan
Published: June 2011

With the development of information processing technology, DCT has been used more and more widely. But multidimensional DCT hasn’t unified matrix expressions, and operates using 1-D DCT to each dimension successively, which cannot embody the overall space character of multidimensional transform well. So, a new SDCT method was proposed in the paper. First, several matrix operation methods were defined. Then, the operation principle of 1-D DCT, 2-D DCT and 3-D SDCT was described in detail. The theoretical analysis shows that the SDCT makes DCT unified and succinct to express, easy to comprehend and convenient to operate.
Hydridosilane Modification of Metals: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Matisons Janis , Arkles Barry , Kin Yun Mi , Pon You Lin , Eisenbraun Eric , Kaloyeros Alex
Published: June 2011

Under mild conditions, trihydridosilanes interact with a variety of clean, hydrogenated and fresh metal and metalloid surfaces, including titanium, silicon and gold. In contrast, monohydridosilanes appear to have minimal interaction. All classes of hydridosilanes have minimal interaction with anhydrous oxide surfaces. Preliminary results suggest that surface modification with trihydridosilanes may provide a route for generating self-assembled monolayers on metal substrates. The synthesis of new trihydridosilanes is described. Contact angle, FTIR and XPS data for modified surfaces are provided.
A Portable Thermal Cycler Using a PN Sandwich-Structure Peltier Device
Authors: Okuwaki Yoko , Yamaguchi Shigeo
Published: June 2011

We have studied a novel Peltier device having a metallic tip which is directly sandwiched between P-type and N-type thermoelectric materials. The tip can be heated and cooled directly driven by Peltier effect, resulting in high thermal response. In this study, we report the fabrication of a portable thermal cycler using a PN sandwich-structure Peltier device. The device has copper plates with minute fin to efficiently radiate heat.
Simulation Study of Side-by-Side Spiral Coil Design for Micromagnetometer
Authors: Sulaiman Nadzril , Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
Published: June 2011

Magnetic field measurement has many applications particularly in the field of navigation, military, space exploration, and medical. Among many magnetic devices, magnetometer is significant due to its capability of detecting direction and measuring strength of magnetic field. Through the years, many types of magnetometer had been invented with fluxgate magnetometer being one of the most well-known. In the advances of MEMS processing technology, fluxgate magnetometer is increasingly developed into micro-scale. Fluxgate magnetometer is made up of three major components consisting of sensing coil, driving coil and magnetic core. The physical characteristics of the coil structure play an important factor in miniaturization as well as in performance of the device. Therefore, investigations on the physical characteristics of the coils are relevant. In this paper, the side-by-side spiral coil structure is investigated in terms of its physical characteristics such as width of the coil and distance between successive coils. The aim is to observe and analyze the effects of varying the coil physical characteristics on certain important parameters that could influence the performance of the device. The work is done with the aid of FEM simulation software, where the physical characteristics of the coils were varied and simulated. With the simulated results, dimension of coils can be appropriately designed to optimize the performance of the device.
A Static Micromixer Inspired from Fractal-Like Natural Flow Systems
Authors: Bahadorimehr Ali Reza , Damghanian Mitra , Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
Published: June 2011

A static micromixer having a fractal-like structure is proposed inspired from natural flow networks. The mixing behavior of flow in this micromixer is investigated using numerical and experimental approaches. This converging flow network is basically using the mechanisms of fluid multilamination for mixing enhancement. Simulations are made on the flow behavior to investigate the effect of branching numbers, hierarchy levels, geometrical sizes and other design parameters using FEM methods. A rapid prototyping system for microfluidics using PDMS molding technology was successfully utilized to fabricate the designed multichannel micromixer. Experimentally, image processing technique was used to characterize flow and mixing quality in the microfluidic structure. Obtained results from numerical simulation and experimental measurements are compared with a single channel with equal flow length using the mixing quality index. This improved micromixer can further be optimized in terms of fractal shapes and numbers and geometrical size for specific applications.
Gapfill Study of Polyimides for MEMS Applications
Authors: Jang Steven Lee Hou , Tan Wee Ming , Mao Ying Jun , Murthy Ramana , Ranganathan Nagarajan
Published: June 2011

Various types of polyimide have been used widely in the manufacturing of integrated circuits and MEMS’ (Micro Electrical Mechanical Systems) such as sensors. These organic spin-on polymers exhibit a wide range of mechanical and electrical properties and have been commonly used for electrical insulation as well as device passivation and protection. In addition, these organic spin-on polymers serve as excellent sacrificial materials for forming cavities on MEMS structures. This work studies the gapfill properties of several polyimides after spin-coating and curing. In addition, this work examines and compares the gapfilling and planarization properties of a number of different polyimides, including multiple layers of polyimides for gapfilling and planarization.
Silicon Probes for Cochlear Auditory Nerve Stimulation and Measurement
Authors: Lawand Nishant S. , French P.J. , Briaire Jeroen J. , Frijns Johan H.M.
Published: June 2011

Cochlear Implant's (CI's) are devices that provides sense of sound to people who are deaf or severely hard of hearing. The important issue with CI's is the electrode design and its placement. The array should be placed close to the modiolar wall of cochlea to stimulate the auditory neurons in accordance with the frequency of the sound and the tonotopic organization of cochlea. It should be flexible for easy surgical insertion and biocompatible enough to withstand the hostile and saline warm environment inside the cochlea. Silicon semiconductor micro-fabrication is an promising technology for advanced CI electrode arrays which will replace the traditional fabrication method. In this paper the design for the silicon electrode array with its consideration is shown. Preliminary simulation results for a stiff probe puncturing the cochlear auditory nerve, which is done to get the stimulation pattern and to realise the mechanical strength of the stiff probe.
Analysis on Earthquake Damage of Daxinglu Ramp Bridge in Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Zhao Guo Hui , Zhang Yu Min
Published: June 2011

Although located in the very low intensity area, the superstructure of Daxinglu Ramp Bridge sustained huge damage in Wenchuan earthquake. The longitudinal displacement of superstructure at the joint was about 400mm, which outdistanced the average displacement of all the other bridges in this area. In this paper, finite element model of the ramp bridge is made by general FEA software and the damage of the ramp bridge is analyzed by using nonlinear dynamic time history method. The results are obtained as follow: (1) the displacements restriction capacity of bearing system is reduced greatly by setting too many movable pot rubber bearings in the bridge. (2) The earthquake record near the bridge site is a typical long period ground motion. The extended natural period of the damaged bridge absorbed more but not less energy from the long period ground motion, which aggravated the damage.
The Application of Fiber Optic Test Technology in Deformation Monitoring of Highway Corrugated Steel Pipe Culvert
Authors: Zhang Fan , Fang Ping , Qian Hai Tao
Published: June 2011

Compared to the traditional testing technology, the fiber bragg grating(FBG) test technology has many unique advantages and is suitable for the long-term structure health monitoring. By testing the stress and strain conditions of the corrugated steel pipe culverts under different fill heights with FBG sensors set in the inner and outer of the culverts, the mechanical properties of the steel pipe culverts could be obtained. The field fiber optic test results show that the FBG sensors can be used in the structures under complex engineering conditions. When the fill height is added, the FBG test results will change significantly in real-time, and the strain values of all test points on the culvert will change with the increase of the fill height, particularly in the top and bottom test points of the culvert. So the Fiber optic test technology can adapt to the testing requirements of the corrugated steel structure, and can provide a basis for the design of the corrugated steel pipe.
Bearing Simulation in Seismic Response Analysis of a Multi-Span Continuous Girder Bridge
Authors: Huang Yong , Wang Jun Jie , Jin De Yin
Published: June 2011

The damage of bearing will change the boundary condition for whole bridge, if we do not take account of bearing failure, the error of structural analysis and the unreasonable in design will be made. In this paper, the effect of possible bearing damage to whole bridge during strong ground motion is studied through examining the seismic performance of a multi-span continuous girder bridge which is a real damaged bridge during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Proper analytical restoring force models of bearings are proposed, which can simulate the seismic performance of the bridge before and after the bearing damage suitably.
Study on the Construction Control of Long-Span V-Shape Rigid Frame Composite Arch Bridges
Authors: Gou Hong Ye , Pu Qian Hui , Wang Jun Ming , Hu Guo Wei , Chen Ze Yu
Published: June 2011

The construction scheme of long-span V-shape rigid frame composite arch bridge is discussed. In process of simulation calculation of the construction, the author compiles APDL command flow program by using the unit birth-death technique, establishes simulation calculation model in the construction process. The creep characteristics of concrete are also taken into account. The whole process of beam first-to-arch later stage construction are calculated and studied.By researching on construction control of Xiaolan channel super large bridge, the feasibility of the construction program is evaluated, the alignment and displacement in each construction ideal state are determined and the alignment and displacement in the following construction state are predicted. The stress controling results of the critical sections are researched on to make the construction go along well as designed, make sure the safety during construction, the structural internal force under constant load and structural alignment are complied with the design requirements and the construction quality and safety are ensured.
Influence Analysis of Different Prestress Stretching Order to Rectangle Aqueduct
Authors: Wu Ze Yu , Bai Xin Li , Li Yu He
Published: June 2011

Large finite element software is used to analyze Shuangji River rectangle aqueduct in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The stress and displacement of the whole structure are obtained under different stretching order of prestress during the aqueduct construction period. Calculation results show that, from the point of stress, the better prestress stretching order is stretching longitudinal first, then the transverse and finally vertical; from the point of displacement, drawing order variation has little influence on displacements in the stretching process; it is a relatively good simulation method to add a steel plate to the area where the prestressed strands are acted on. In this way, the real anchor state can be simulated, and the local stress concentration can be reduced.
Fatigue Performance of Deck Slab under Hogging Moment in Continuous Composite Girder Bridge
Authors: Gao Pu , Su Qing Tian , Wu Chong , Sun Yi Ming , Liu Hai Yan
Published: June 2011

Based on the vehicle load model for fatigue design, the stress influence line of the reinforcement in the concrete slab of northern approach of Jiubao bridge, a multi-span continous composite bridge, under the global live load was obtained by spatial frame structure finite element model, while the stress history of the reinforcement under the local live load was obtained by the spatial refined finite element model. Then the stress spectrums under global and local live load were obtained by Rain-flow method according to the predicted traffic volume in the future 100 years and comparisons of amplitudes of equivalent stress under different loads were achieved. At last the fatigue lives of the slab under the different loads were calculated and compared either.
Analysis of Wind-Induced Vibration Control of Long-Span Space Structure
Authors: Zhang Zhi Qiang , Chen Yan , Su Guan Xing , Zhu Xing Gang
Published: June 2011

Based on improved linear regression filter method presented by Iwatani and wind tunnel test data, the program simulated 3-D time history of fluctuating wind pressure of Fuzhou Strait International Conference and Exhibition Center considering spatial correlation of wind loads, which is consistent with the object power spectrum .The simulation result is used in nodes of the structure to analyze response of wind-induced vibration. Analytical results show it has the maximum displacement response in 0° wind direction .Due to the installation of TMD, node displacement response of roof truss is reduced from 44.14mm to 33.16mm, with best reduction 26.67%.
Geometrical Nonlinear Analysis on Three-Tower Suspension Bridges under Live Load
Authors: Wu Xiang Nan , Xu Yue , Li Wan Heng , Liang Peng
Published: June 2011

Anti-slipping safety factor between the main cable and saddle, deflection-to-span ratio of main girder and force in the mid-tower, which are not important factors in two-tower suspension bridge design, yet becoming dominant ones in three-tower. Moreover, these factors are all controlled by live load. Thus geometrical nonlinearity under live load for three-tower suspension bridge becomes even more significant. This paper takes Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge as the study object, and uses linear deflection theory, incremental UL formulation and total CR formulation to study the geometrical nonlinearity of various key responses of the structure under live load. It is concluded that accuracy and efficiency of total CR formulation is the highest among the three as well as the maximum error of incremental UL formulation is no more than 0.3%; however, the error of widely used linear deflection theory is 6.6%, 4.5% and -2.64% respectively, which is conservative and can not meet the requirements of sophisticated analysis.
Seismic Isolation Analysis on Long-Span Platform Bridge Connecting Twin-Tower Structures
Authors: Sun Huang Sheng , Cheng Li Nuo , Chen Shi Hai
Published: June 2011

In order to mitigate the seismic response of twin-tower structure linked by a steel truss platform bridge, as well as to reduce temperature force in the steel truss, eight groups of combined isolation system, each consisting of one pot-type bearing and four rubber bearings, were designed to connect the upper platform bridge to the lower supporting reinforced concrete towers. The features and working principles of the high-position isolation system were described. Then the seismic responses, including displacement, story drift and floor acceleration, of the structure with the isolation systems were calculated and compared with those of the structure with hinge joints in lieu of isolation. It is found that both the structural seismic responses and the temperature forces in the large-span mega-truss structure can be reduced by the high-position isolation system.
Static and Dynamic Experiment of the Behavior of the Constructed Hanjiang Super-Major Railway Bridge in Laohekou
Authors: Qi Zhi Wei , Fang Shu Jun , Lin Guan Dong , Wang Hua
Published: June 2011

A static and dynamic load test is carried out on the constructed Hanjiang Super-major Railway Bridge in Laohekou to ensure the reliability of the bridge and test the carrying capacity and working condition of the bridge structure. The static load test is divided into three kinds of loading conditions, each of which tests the stress and deflection of the key sections of the bridge. The transverse vibration displacement of the piers and mid-span section is measured in the dynamic load test when the train is crossing the bridge at different speeds, and the vertical dynamic deflection of the mid-span section is also tested. The natural vibration frequency, the vibration types and the damping ratio of the whole bridge are measured in the pulsating experiment. Through the comparative analysis of the experimental results and the theoretical calculation results and standard, it can be concluded that the strength, the vertical and lateral stiffness of the bridge meet the requirements of both the design and specifications, and that the bridge is in a good working condition. The test and the analysis of the experimental results of the bridge can serve as a reference to the bridges of the same type.
Analysis of Reasonable Reinforcement Structure of Concrete Bridge Deck
Authors: Tang Xian Xi , Tang Xian Zhou , Xu Yue , Guo Wei
Published: June 2011

In order to study the impact of reforcement stress and concrete cracking of concrete bridge deck caused by the difference of reforcement diameter and spacing, the sub-model analysis was adopted, the bottom horizontal reforcement stress and concrete cracking affected by different diameter and spacing were analysised. The analysis results indicated that When the reforcement spacing was greater than 10cm, the concrete under the most unfavorable position of load would crack; in the vehicle the most unfavorable position, the concrete would crack; When the reinforcement specing was not more than 10cm, if the bar diameter was greater than a certain value, the concrete would not crack. Meanwhile, with the increase of reforcement diameter, steel stress decreased, the possibility of concrete cracking reduced. Combined with the analysis results, the reasonable diameter and spacing of underlying transverse reinforcement of concrete bridge deck were given, the diameter and spacing of other reinforcements of the bridge deck were recommended.
Real Time Temperature Simulation on Caohe River Aqueduct in South to North Water Transfer Project During Construction Period
Authors: Zhang Ping , Tian Bin
Published: June 2011

The cracking control standard of water delivery structure is quite strict especially for middle-route of south-to-north water transfer project with long distance water transfer, large discharge, the crack prevention standard is extraordinary strict and must be reached. Early crack during construction period will affect safe operation of aqueduct, and diurnal variation of air temperature has significant effect on temperature field of thin-walled structure. Construction process simulation and temperature filed calculation during construction period about Caohe river landing rectangle aqueduct of Beijing-Shijiazhuang emergency water supply engineering of middle-route of south-to-north water transfer project are carried out by FEM , and compared with the monitoring temperature. The comparison result shows that temperature field during construction can be accurately simulated by calculation, which is helpful for guiding construction and choosing construction scheme, and worthy to popularize to other similar projects. From the calculation and monitoring, the maximum temperature difference is less than the standard, so there will be no serous cracks during construction in Caohe river aqueduct.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on Cable-to-Irder Anchorages in Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges with Steel Box Girder
Authors: Wei Xing , Li Jun
Published: June 2011

Cable anchorages are among the most important elements in a cable-stayed bridge, which are complex in structure and bear heavy load. There are three main forms in anchorage zone between girder and cable in modern long-span cable-stayed bridge with steel box girder, which are ear-plate form, anchor-box form and anchor-plate form. Combining theoretical analysis with the static test, static behavior and stress transfer pathway of three typical cable-to-girder anchorages were analyzed, and the differences of stress distribution and stress concentration among anchorage zones were pointed out. Based on the Von.Mises strength criterion, bearing safety of three typical cable-to-girder anchorages was evaluated. Finally, the measures to reform stress distribution and reduce stress concentration are discussed. Some useful conclusions were obtained, which would benefit the design of cable-to-girder anchorages.
Consideration on Issues about Study of Building Energy Conservation
Authors: Zhang Wei Hua , Liu Jia Ping
Published: June 2011

The study and design of energy conservation has gradually become a hot and key issue in architecture. One of the core contents of such concepts as green architecture, ecological architecture, sustainable architecture, organic architecture is how to reduce high energy consumption of buildings. The study of building energy conservation has been carried out in subjects of architectural thermal engineering and energy conservation for almost 30 years. The central and local governments have set up special management agencies and departments of building energy conservation; building research institutes at all levels and numerous universities have set up research institutions for study of building energy conservation and issued a series of policies and regulations and technical standards, which received an enthusiastic response from industrial circles and have produced tens of billions of production. However, more than 95% of the existing buildings and more than 80% of new buildings of China belong to those with high energy consumption. The paper tries to interpret the deep reason of the phenomenon from the aspects of society, technology, etc. for discussion of researchers in the field of architectural thermal engineering and energy conservation.
The Performance-Based Design of Evacuation of a Conference Center
Authors: Zhang Shu Ping , Xu Chan Juan
Published: June 2011

According to the current China fire protection code, the main hall as a fire compartment and its evacuation distance in this conference center both over the standards. To solve the problems, the performance-based design is put forward in the paper, such as setting up the "Quasi safety zone". For the main hall, 4 fire scenarios have been designed, next simulated and analyzed. According the result, setting fire protection facilities such as mechanical smoke control system, can achieve safety of evacuation.
A Simulated Study of the Influence of Wind Projecting Angle on Energy Consumption of Residential Building Clusters
Authors: Zhao Jing Yuan , Wang Qiong , Liu Qi Bo
Published: June 2011

In the study of cluster thermal environment, the projecting angle of wind against buildings exercises vital influence on the environment. This thesis, taking Xi’an region as a representative city, conducts a study of how different wind projecting angles influence the thermal environment by means of the simulator program of energy consumption. By sequentially alternating the included angle between the orientation of building cluster and wind direction, it sets up different arithmetic example models which can meet the requirements of various seasons. It also quantitatively expounds the impact of wind projecting angle on energy consumption of buildings with the annual minimal energy consumption of buildings as its basis. The research has worked out the following recommended plans about the orientation of cluster distribution in Xi’an region. The building is at its lowest level of energy consumption when its wind projecting angle is 30 degrees. Its energy consumption is relatively stable when its wind projecting angle is 45 degrees or when it rotates anti-clockwise within 15 degrees.
A Plastic Damage Model for Practical Application
Authors: Qi Hu , Li Yun Gui , Lu Xi Lin
Published: June 2011

In this paper, an efficient method is proposed to determine the value of the parameters for the Plastic Damage Model previously proposed by authors. With the proposed method the users can get the value of all the model parameters if only know the uniaxial tension strength, compression strength and elastic modulus of the concrete material. Finally, through several numerical simulations it is proved that the proposed method is effective and the constitutive model using the parameters which determined by the proposed method has the capability of simulating typical nonlinear performances of concrete material.
On the Standard and Eco-Indexes for Ecological Residential Quarters Based on a Comparison of Chinese and German Experiences
Authors: Zhu Long Bin , Gruner Andreas
Published: June 2011

This paper analysizes and compares the standards and eco-indexes for the ecological residential quarters in China and Germany. Based on the discussion, the paper emphasizes that the local technical and economic framework conditions should be taken into account by developing a standard system with eco-indexes for residential projects.
Analysis on the Inter-Compensatory Problem in Green Building Rating System LEED-NC Based on Energy Saving
Authors: Zhou Tong
Published: June 2011

LEED-NC is a green building rating system for new construction developed by USGBC. In past 10 years, it has become the most famous assessment tool of the world and achieved the huge market success. In China, LEED and LEED-NC developed rapidly too. But, under the background of source shortage and global climate change, any green building rating system must place energy saving in important, even the first position. From energy saving, this paper analyzed unbalant environmental performance of LEED-NC certified projects because of inter-compensatory problem, especially in energy saving. Meanwhile, discussing post-occupancy evaluation of LEED-NC certified buildings, the paper verified many LEED-NC certified building did not save any energy. On this basis, paper pointed out new LEED-NC2009 meliorated the inter-compensatory problem. But, as a linear summation computational model, LEED-NC can not avoid inter-compensation absolutely. There is much room for USGBC to improve LEED-NC and China should be cautious to pursue LEED-NC.
Crossing Materiality and Immateriality: LED Architecture and Architectural Virtualization
Authors: Yu Ge , Liu Ying , Zhou Guang Tian
Published: June 2011

LED building means that the LED screen covers building surface mostly, which could real-time reflect information, while forgetting the concept of “wall”. The information materialized itself. At the same time, information approaches the relationship between the architects and the popularity, so that confuses the difference. The space will not “be pushed” by the architects, while “being fetched” by the popularity. This visual space not only “analogs”, “translates”, or “amplifies” the real images, but also the other kind of existence. Virtual building expands the controlling mode in the physical world. It is a new way of travel, communication, control, and express. With the development of popular consuming culture and visual culture, and the exploring of LED expression and development of virtual technology by architects and artists, the LED buildings and virtual buildings will the indispensable existence with us. As a new kind of architectural design innovation, will they reveal the future the architecture development?
Aesthetic Visual Ecology and Urban Landscape Planning
Authors: Chu Dong
Published: June 2011

The guiding ideology of modern urban planning has changed from space theory to the ecological theory. Urban landscape ecological planning is concerned about “Design with Nature” based on the ecological and the holistic point of view. The philosophy of the aesthetic visual ecology is to achieve the transformation from the traditional “physical planning” to the “ecological planning” in the urban design. The consideration of the aesthetic visual ecology will be a major step in humanizing and re-shaping the urban landscape, which will also serve as a guide in the urbanization of China.
The Construction of the Daily Life Mode of Low Carbon City
Authors: Dong Yu , Wei Dong
Published: June 2011

The daily life mode of urban residents is the basic content of the construction of low carbon city. The transformation of daily life mode reflects the values and the value orientation in the stages of the social development. For the innovation of reducing carbon emissions, the mode of public daily life must be transformed with a creative method. The paper reviews the traditional urban life mode, discusses the three aspects of construction of public value, extensive public participation, and low carbon life mode based on community, and proposes the methods and approaches of constructing the daily life mode of low carbon city.
Research on Urban Color Environment Planning Based on Regional Characteristics - Take Urban Color Environment of Zhengzhou for Example
Authors: Ren Jun
Published: June 2011

Today of context of globalization, the traditional geographical constraints are broken, and the differences between urban scenes are narrowing. So how to reflect the regional characteristics while the construction of modern city becomes an important issue of urban color planning. Based on chromatology theory, this paper takes Zhengzhou for example to explore the direction of urban color environment planning in respective of current process of urbanization.
The Acrylic Spike Design of British Pavilion, 2010 EXPO
Authors: Mao De Can , Li Wei Xing , Cerini Marco
Published: June 2011

Innovative architectural acrylic spike application leads to a great challenge for structural engineers for the structural design of Shanghai Expo British pavilion. A set of mechanical properties has been proposed to provide a reference for the application of acrylic material in structure design area. The wind tunnel, fatigue and creep tests and research for acrylic spike were carried out to determine the wind load effect of spike and ensure that the spikes are not damaged under fatigue and creep effects during 1.5 years service period.
The New Perspective of Research on Settlement Patterns in China Cities - Environment-Behavior Studies
Authors: Wu Qing , Wang Xiao Min
Published: June 2011

The paper analyses the problem of residential units design in cities, then brings the Environmnet-behavior Studies to the research of residential designs. This view focuses on human and environment. It will help us to grasp the settlement patterns of urban households wholly and totally after through inspecting the relationship of them, and then creates the the overall space for certain settlement patterns in cities.
Illumination Oriented Function Design of Beijing Sanlitun Village Commercial Blocks
Authors: Zhang Ye , Deng Zhi Yong , Li Xu Jia
Published: June 2011

Though the on-the–spot investigation on the successful case-Beijing Sanlitun Village mall nightscape illumination, this article made a thorough analysis and interpretation on people’s visual psychological experience in the space, light and color application, lighting method and other illumination elements. It summarized the basic principles of illumination indirect-orientation and design rules in oriented system. In the illumination design, landmark illumination, auxiliary illumination and self-lighting in oriented system are supposed to be the important elements in the nightscape illumination oriented system. The designers should first select an illumination method reasonably combined with architectural form, and then stress the illumination on the key points of the oriented system, creating rhythmic changes of light.
Multiobjective Optimization on Urban Flooding Using RSM and GA
Authors: Tang Xing Gang , Rezoug Mehdi , Hamzaoui Rabbar , Bassir David , El Meouche Rani , Khreim Jean François , Feng Zhi Qiang
Published: June 2011

Urban flooding due to climate changes, dam breaking and drainage systems being overwhelmed by rainfall causes a huge loss to mankind civilization every year all over the world. This work aims to minimize the flooding damage by optimally design the building location and interspace. The velocity, water pressure and the height of water are considered as the main factors to reduce the flooding damage. The multi-objective optimization is implemented by combing several techniques, including Design of Experiment (DOE), Response Surface Method (RSM) and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed methodology is validated with a case study on the topography of ESTP Cachan.
Approach to Folk Construction Techniques of Earth-Dwelling Caves
Authors: Tong Li Ping , Chen Zhi Ye , Li Wen Juan
Published: June 2011

Earth-dwelling caves are a kind of traditional housing with unique and typical native characters. The construction of these caves is mostly based on the experiences of native craftsmen, merely passing down and developing orally without forming systematic theories and with little word-recording. However, they embody deep mechanical principles and structural implication worth long protection. At present, the earth-dwelling caves of thousands of years are rapidly disappearing and the techniques of construction are facing the danger of being lost as well, which is bound to bring about the loss of an architectural culture. This paper tries to approach the folk construction techniques of these traditional earth-dwelling caves, which will have a special significance to the passing-down and protection of such a cave housing culture.
Numerical Simulation of Highway Double Curved Arch Bridge Structure Blasting Demolition
Authors: Xie Chun Ming , Yang Jun
Published: June 2011

Comparative analyzing pre-cutting seam in size between 0.5 m and 0.8 m in the top of bridge arch, and vice-arch column blasting range between 1.6 m and 0.8 m , numerical simulations on typical highway double curved arch bridge structure blasting demolition process are carried out adopting common node separate reinforced concrete model. Simulation result indicates that, common node separate model can reflect mechanical properties difference of concrete and reinforcement through analysis on their loading process. Adopting 0.5 m in size of pre-cutting seam is sufficient to ensure the superposition and complete collapse of the bridge. The vice-arch blasting range by 1.6 m can make the bridge more complete disintegration, and it can also decrease the whole collapse time and the height of muck pile.