bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Se former à la psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent au XXIe siècle
Authors: Moro Marie Rose
Published: April 2019

Presque 50 ans après le texte de Serge Lebovici sur la formation des internes en psychiatrie, Marie Rose Moro relit ce texte à la lumière de la dernière réforme de la spécialisation en psychiatrie de 2017. Elle s’interroge tout particulièrement sur comment bien former des psychiatres de bébés, d’enfants et d’adolescents. Elle retrace l’histoire de la discipline et les nécessités d’aujourd’hui. Elle analyse le choix des internes pour la spécialisation de psychiatrie et se demande s’il s’agit d’une vocation, d’une sélection ou d’un choix réciproque ? Elle décrit à qui est destinée cette formation de pédopsychiatrie et selon quelle temporalité. Puis elle interroge les modalités pratiques de cette formation et ses exigences : le processus de devenir pédopsychiatre, donner un sens à son rôle, reconnaître ses mouvements contre-transférentiels et les élaborer dans le cadre d’une supervision et s’initier à la recherche. Au total, apprendre la pédopsychiatrie n’est pas un petit sujet
Pourquoi tant de sérendipité dans l’autisme ?
Authors: Gauld Christophe
Published: April 2019

La sérendipité est l’art de savoir utiliser un heureux accident. Cette notion s’applique tout particulièrement à l’histoire de l’autisme qui a été ponctuée de diverses découvertes par sérendipité au fil du temps. Cependant, le concept va plus loin : il témoigne en réalité d’un champ de science dit « immature », duquel émane des coïncidences susceptibles d’être utilisées à bon escient. C’est ce glissement progressif de la science, permis par la curiosité et la sagacité des chercheurs, que nous allons mettre en lumière dans ce texte. À la suite de quelques exemples emblématiques, nous allons proposer différents concepts épistémologiques qui témoignent de la vivacité de la sérendipité dans le champ de recherche des troubles du spectre autistique.
Pratiques de soins psychiques et diversité culturelle
Authors: Bennabi Bensekhar Malika , Moro Marie Rose
Published: April 2019

Peu de sociétés sont aujourd’hui épargnées par des dynamiques migratoires. Par l’accélération des interrelations entre individus, territoires et états qu’elles produisent, les rencontres symboliques et virtuelles qui en découlent, ces dynamiques provoquent des ruptures avec les logiques familiales traditionnelles et renforçent la quête d’individuation. Une réflexion étayée par nos rencontres cliniques avec les migrants, dans les lieux de soins qui leur sont dédiés, implique une réinterrogation des fondements théoriques de nos pratiques cliniques transculturelles. Nous réinterrogerons ici les aspects théoriques de l’ethnopsychiatrie que nous considérons comme rendus caduques par l’état du monde en les mettant en perspective avec le contexte sociopolitique et historique de leur constitution. Nous esquisserons aussi les alternatives jugées nécessaires par le fait de devoir intégrer des appartenances diasporiques et des représentations de nature religieuse dans le cadre du soin, parce qu’il faut agir dans le sens d’un « retour à soi » pour favoriser un mouvement vers l’altérité.
Forming the Rural Settlements in Early Republican Turkey
Authors: Sezer Özge
Published: April 2019

In the early Republican period of Turkey transformation of the rural areas occurred in a development programme that involved peasants. On the one hand, rural lifestyle was idealized in the nationaland cultural context. Also, the Turkish peasantry was considered as a significant labour resource for the agriculture-based economy. On the other hand, policies aimed to control the rural population in the newsettlements, which were forms of internal colonization practiced especially during the second half of 1930s. Starting from this point ofview, the new rural settlements, built from 1934 to the end of 1930s, emerged significant examples to explain the Republican programme tomodernize the village community under a united Turkish identity, even incompletely diverse localities. This paper aims to re-open the discussion of Turkey’s nation-building and modernization process from a perspective projected to the rural ideals, specifically to the Turkish village. It seeks to demonstrate how the policies of early Republican authority controlled rural Turkey in economic and socio-cultural terms,and altered the environment of the village community. It particularly focuses on the elaboration of ideas in architectural implementationduring the early Republican period of Turkey. Consequently, this paperintroduces the new rural settlements, emerging in the late 1930s inTurkey, pointing to their values as the historical monuments in Turkey’sarchitectural culture.
The Portuguese internal colonization: the country that could have been, but it was not
Authors: Moreira Pinto Miguel , Couto Joana
Published: April 2019

The policies of internal colonization played a fundamental role in the nation-state building process, as well as in the transformation of the rural landscape. In Portugal, the colonization of common lands (baldios) had the objective of increasing agricultural production, to stop the proletarianization of agrarian communities, encouraging small family farming, and land-ownership. Although already proposed at the end of the 19th century, this process of rural colonization was further implemented in the 1940s and 1950s, the period in which a small number of Agricultural Colonies were built. While such process had produced new landscapes that can be regarded today as a cultural and architectural heritage, they remain poorly known and poorly recognized as such. This paper intends to reflect about the models of internal colonization defined in the scope of the political and ideological framework of the Estado Novo fascist regime. Based on different types of sources, it aims to better understand the significance of these rural landscapes as urban and architectural experiments, as well as to contribute to the identification of such settlements as relevant elements of the Portuguese cultural patrimony. Our conclusions do not fail to take into account the modest scale of the colonizing project undertaken by the Portuguese State when compared, for example, to what happened in Spain and Italy. Far below from what was initially planned and conceived, the construction of only 7 Agricultural Colonies can only be seen as trial run for a much larger agrarian reform that never came – the country that could have been, but it was not – taking the rural settlement of Pegões as a model.
Spatialized corporatism between town and countryside
Authors: Bonfante Francesca
Published: April 2019

This contribution deals with the relationship between town planning, architectural design and landscape in the foundation of “new towns” in Italy. In doing so, I shall focus on the Pontine Marshes, giving due consideration to then emerging theories about the fascist corporate state, whose foundation act may be traced back to Giuseppe Bottai’s “Charter of Labour”. This political-cultural “model” purported a clear hierarchy between settlements, each bound for a specific role, for which specific functions were to be assigned to different parts of the city. Similarly, cultivations in the countryside were to specialise. In the Pontine Marshes, Littoria was to become a provincial capital and Sabaudia a tourist destination, Pontinia an industrial centre and Aprilia an eminently rural town. Whereas the term “corporatism” may remind the guild system of the Middle Age, its 1930s’ revival meant to effectively supports the need for a cohesive organization of socio-economic forces, whose recognition and classification was to support the legal-political order of the state. What was the corporate city supposed to be? Some Italian architects rephrased this question: what was the future city in Italy of the hundred cities? Bringing to the fore the distinguishing character of the settlements concerned, and based on the extensive literature available, this contribution discusses the composition of territorial and urban space, arguing that, in the Pontine Marshes, this entails the hierarchical triad farm-village-city, as well as an extraordinary figurative research at times hovering towards “classicism”, “rationalism” or “picturesque”. Composition and figuration are therefore not homogeneous, nor mere expressions of the fascist regime. They show instead a constant research, between aesthetics and practice, of an idea of modern city, of public space, of balance between city and countryside.
Learning from thedouar. Michel Écochard and the modern invention of the semi-rural Moroccan habitat
Authors: Bernasconi Edoardo L. G.
Published: April 2019

At the end of WWII, after roughly thirty years of French colonialism, Morocco was facing a tremendous economic boom, but also an alarming rural exodus to the industrial cities on the coast which, in turn, had to deal with overpopulation and the phenomenon of thebidonvilles. At first, the article retraces the studies on traditional Moroccan urban, semi-rural, and rural settlements, carried out by Michel Écochard at theService de l’Urbanismefrom 1957 to 1951. Learning from local dwelling customs, theServiceconceived a modern urban block model aimed at bringing wholesomeness to urbanbidonvilles, as well as modernity in the countryside to stem the migrations. The essay then analyses theService’s typological studies on the courtyard housing unit, the basic cell of the urban fabric, and compares this with analogous coeval designs, influenced by Écochard’s ideas, realized both in Morocco and worldwide. The final goal is to form a genealogy of architectural designs that, reinterpreting from time to time the courtyard house, can show the existence of a direct relationship between rural landscape, dwelling modes, and modern architecture.
The Soviet modernisation of the public road landscape
Authors: Vugule Kristine , Bell Simon
Published: April 2019

Under the Soviet regime and as part of the development of the economy, the Latvian road infrastructure and its associated landscape went through major changes. Through modernisation old roads were straightened, historically established road routes and their surroundings changed, new roads planned and constructed, some elements of the road landscape disappeared and new ones emerged. Snow and wind protection hedges were planted along open stretches. With the increase of public transport many unique bus stop pavilions rest areas for drivers and tourists were constructed. A lot of attention was paid to roadside views and aesthetics through the use of tree plantings. The aim of this study was to explore the heritage of road planning and landscape development in Latvia during the Soviet era from 1945 to 1991. The study used literature review and analyses of maps and archival materials from the Latvian road museum supported by fieldwork. Elements which are disappearing as the road network is upgraded through European structural funding were identified through map analyses of different time periods and a number of field studies of sample stretches of roads, were undertaken. The road infrastructure and the landscape of that time is part of the cultural heritage of the 20th century and is connected to the development of the rural economy and collectivisation and to military preparedness. The study uncovered a well-developed road planning and landscape design theory which was applied in Latvia and used as an example in other Soviet Republics.
Rurality, ruins and archives: mapping the architectural history of the Greek countryside.
Authors: Maragkou Afroditi
Published: April 2019

What remains unexamined and undervalued in the Greek landscape, are the extreme and abandoned limits of the small non-metropolitan regional areas. At the limits of Greek cities, we can identify a great dispersion, a marginal instability, states of transition and deposition. The architectural and planning policies of the Greek state, through the modernistic period, have set a significant number of traces on the rural part of the country. These traces on the countryside, can only be recorded and historically analysed through systematic approach and subjective mapping, such as the methodology of oral history promotes. The landscape of the lowlands of Thessaly is selected as a paradigm of a changing reality, where one can see and recognize a number of exemplary transformations and specificities. The resettlement phenomenon of the mountain populations in Karditsa region, which was affected by the reclamation infrastructure of the 1960s (construction of Megdova dam), is the springboard for a dispersion of new residential settlements in the lowlands. This relocation process had a significant impact on the transformation of the rural landscape of Thessaly, as well as on the social life of the countryside. The architectural and historical research is motivated from the current ruin condition of these promising residential settlements on the countryside of Thessaly and systematically examines the policies that lead from the construction of Megdova dam to these abandoned traces on the landscape. The methodology of this research is based on an ongoing microhistorical archive which aims to raise microhistory as the main interpretation tool. Composed by oral testimonies, historical sources, state documents, blueprints and other official recordings, this microhistorical archive will be able to map andinterpret the architectural, topological and social history of these modernistic interventions on the countryside of Thessaly.
Avangard: a forward-looking kolkhoz is seen as part of the past
Authors: Veddel Kaja , Veldi Martti
Published: April 2019

Äksi is a small settlement near Tartu in Estonia. The typical Soviet era blocks of flats overlook Lake Saadjärv and the view is met on the other side by large open fields. Back in the Soviet time it was a kolkhoz known as “Avangard” (or “avant-garde”). The name, of course, symbolised the forward-looking new Estonian Soviet state and its accompanying modernisation of the rural landscape. Today the layers of history in the settlement and the landscape around it are visible in the white brick houses built in the early days of the kolkhoz and in the favoured choice of trees planted in the same period but now all grownup. Some of those houses are not in such a great shape anymore, some continue to be used in a similar way they used to be, after the end of the kolkhoz. For example, the workshop building now hosts a company that makes dolls and the piggery has survived despite the change of owners. There are many stories to be shared by those who were part of it all. To gather those memories, and to understand how the starting of new lives for young adults of that time, interviews were carried out using the go-along technique, where the interviewed subject can recall the memories in greater detail, as they walk down the same streets as some decades ago. Although the landscape has visually changed and over two decades have passed since the ending of the Soviet regime, the mind map in peoples’ heads remains vivid. The interviews revealed particular places, views, activities and memories of young adults who came here to start their independent lives, to build a future for them and for the kolkhoz at the same time at the peak of the Soviet era.
“We had a toilet!” The modernisation of the countryside as perceived by the inhabitants, the public spaces and the presence of politics in the new settlements in Italy and colonial Libya (1932-1939).
Authors: Capresi Vittoria
Published: April 2019

The foundation of the new settlements, both in Italy and colonial Libya, was a step to achieving the project of internal colonisation launched by Mussolini. The modernisation of the countryside was promulgated by the Fascist propaganda, which presented only a misleading impression of how life was. What happens if - as an additional level of interpretation we add the narratives of the inhabitants who lived these moments? This paper presents this original methodical approach, introducing the narratives of the settlers in relation to the presence of politics in daily life during the Fascist era.
“Life was not all that bad”: memories and experiences of kolkhoz life in the Baltic States
Authors: Kuhlmann Friedrich , Veldi Martti
Published: April 2019

The physical impact of modernism in the rural landscape and its remains are explored in order both to capture the results of past decisions and the current state of the rural landscapes and to connection these. But if we ask how, have these landscapes evolved over time and what actually remains, we often only look on built remains, artefacts or plans forming the raw material. Instead, we put the focus on the actions of the people living and working there, with their memories, reflections,their past desires and their plans achieved or destroyed. Compared with the built remains of collectivization schemes, many of the actors of the Soviet collectivisation process in the Baltic States are still alive, having a voice and opinions. To capture this involves a survey of case study landscapes and settlements through fieldwork and comparative analysis in order to compare the initial plans with the actual experience of the collectivisation and to relate the built results and spatial patterns to people’s memories. The actions that formed and still form the landscape were identified and assessed by qualitative go-along interviews with current and former residents, workers or decision makers in the area to create a “thick description” through which we uncovered everyday life aspects of dwellers or workers. What we found is that far from being a completely negative period, life in the collective farm was not all bad – housing improved, people had guaranteed jobs, medical care and education were provided. Young people unaware of politics enjoyed their childhoods and there is some degree of nostalgia remaining, even while the new freedoms and independence of the countries are celebrated(with a centenary in 2018).
Towards the contemporary development of modern architecture inherited from the Fascist regime: the city of Sabaudia.
Authors: Ringon Constance
Published: April 2019

Carried out by the Italian fascist regime, the creation of the town of Sabaudia occurred during the draining of the Pontine Marshes in an intervention that was central to efforts in the organization of rural territory. This paper explores the “reinvention” of Sabaudia through an analysis of its town plan and buildings from the 1970s. Recent practices of conservation, preservation and restoration of this modern inheritance were studied. A lack of knowledge led to the modification or the demolition of some buildings. I review how these attempts to consider the legacies of Italian history were met with refusal in the 1970s and 1980s compared to the 2000s when a heritage-making policy was enacted to promote the town. The political question resurfaces here: does “patrimonialization” permit giving this architecture, resulting from a totalitarian regime, a recognition that is incompatible with their political origin? That is to say, can we think about Sabaudia without thinking about fascism? The presentation of some projects of renovation and restoration will highlight several questions regarding modern aesthetics, the relation to landscape, as well as uses and techniques.
Modern rural-scape and contemporary ideology: The case of the Pontine Plain
Authors: Metta Annalisa , Onorati Davide
Published: April 2019

The Pontine Plain exemplifies the controversial shift from the Modernist radical attempt to reshape the landscape and the likewise radical return to bare nature of recent decades. The wildest European landscape extended very close to Rome for many centuries, until the Fascist Swamps Battle invented the Agro Pontino. Recently, marshy places have been recreated as plant-based sewage-treatment facilities, mimicking natural plots, into the Thirties’ grid. So, while the Fascist remediation deleted the swamp’s ecological thickness, lately no less doctrinal positions plead for the atonement of its ecocide. Today the Plain is a huge agricultural area undergoing changes: wetlands sometimes emerge through the grid of roads and Eucalyptus-lines, side by side the agricultural fields, dotted with industrial plants and weekend-home resorts, while local people use canals and floodable areas for leisure time, suggesting unpredictable new rural/urban/wild public spaces. How can we deal with this dynamic landscape and combine rural fruitfulness, historical heritage, ecological culture and new ways of living? We propose a general strategy, inspired by the Italian ancient agricultural practice of the marcite, and introduce productive wetlands, combining the bold 1930s’ layout with wetlands wig-wag; the farm production with new social behaviour; the historical identity with ecological processes. The aim is to overcome the cliché of dualistic opposition (water/land, marshes/farming, settlements/wilderness) in favour of coexistence, overlapping, simultaneity, negotiation.
The five residential settlements built by HICA
Authors: Machado Moreira César
Published: April 2019

With the exception of some individual buildings, the areas of residential housing constructed by the Cávado Hydroelectric Company(Hidroeléctrica do Cávado, or HICA) were not included in the debate on housing that was taking place at the time of their building, and later on were not considered worthy of any special attention. Despite their creation having been of fundamental importance to the construction and maintenance of the infrastructure of the Cávado hydroelectric scheme, from an architectural point of view these settlements only became well-known for being the location of four buildings that were designed by thearchitect Januário Godinho: three Pousadas and a restaurant. The housing settlements were the result of a merging of the expectations of management, the bureaucratic systems of the technical services department and the needs dictated by the circumstances that were encountered as the work progressed. In other words, the hydroelectric development of the Cávado was the reason for the implantation in that location of an urban structure that had been designed and produced in a technical services department based in Porto.
Realität der Versorgungssituation der Gicht: Daten zur Klinik, Epidemiologie und Komorbiditäten von 4016 Patienten in Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Triantafyllias Konstantinos , Clasen Marina , Cavagna Lorenzo , de Blasi Michele , Klonowski Anna , Schwarting Andreas
Published: April 2019

Einleitung Ziel dieser Datenerhebung war die Untersuchung der klinischen, demografischen und Komorbidität-assoziierten Daten der Gicht sowie der klinischen Praxis der hausärztlichen Gichtversorgung in Rheinland-Pfalz (RL-P).

Methoden Gicht-spezifische Fragebögen wurden über die kassenärztliche Vereinigung an alle Hausarztpraxen in RL-P versendet. Die Fragebögen setzten sich aus Items zur Erfassung von Epidemiologie, Medikation und Komorbiditäten zusammen. Darüber hinaus wurden Fragen zur klinischen Manifestation der Gicht mit einem besonderen Fokus auf therapierefraktäre Fälle eingebunden. Schließlich wurden die Hausärzte angehalten, den aktuellen Versorgungsstatus anhand einer Ratingskala zu bewerten.

Ergebnisse Daten von 4016 Gichtpatienten (Durchschnittsalter zur Zeit der Diagnose: 62,8 Jahre, IQR 55 – 67,8) wurden anonym erhoben. Der überwiegende Anteil der Patienten war männlich (75 %) mit Podagra als häufigste Manifestationsform der Gicht (85 %). Chronisch tophöse Verläufe wurden in 15 % (Median 10 %, IQR 2 – 20) der Fälle angegeben und eine axiale Beteiligung in 2,7 % (Median 0 %, IQR 0 – 2). Durchschnittlich 11,3 % der Fälle (median 10 %, IQR 2,3 – 20) wurden als schwer behandelbar („hard-to-treat gout“) definiert. Trotz alledem wurden Biologika nicht namentlich als verwendete Behandlungsform erwähnt. 32 % der Patienten erhielten die Gichtdiagnose von ihrem Hausarzt, während 68 % weitere Ärzte aufsuchen mussten. Eine definitive Diagnose konnte nach durchschnittlich 3,1 Monaten (Median 0,3, IQR 0,1 – 1) gestellt werden.

Diskussion Zusammenfassend gibt es im Zeitalter der Biologika einen Bedarf zur Optimierung der Gichtversorgung. Wichtige Ziele sind die Verkürzung der Diagnosezeit und die Prävention chronischer Verläufe. Die Schaffung eines gesteigerten Bewusstseins für die Erkrankung Gicht und ihre Komorbiditäten, ein standardisierter Behandlungsplan und Patiententraining könnten wichtige Schritte in diese Richtung sein.
A Simple, Inexpensive, and Precise Photographic Method for Intraoperative Toric IOL Alignment
Authors: Gerding Heinrich , Somfai Gabor , Langenegger Marco
Published: April 2019

Background It was the aim of this study to analyse the refractive outcome of toric intraocular lens (t-IOL) implantation guided by a newly developed method of photographic alignment.

Material and Methods Fourteen eyes of 10 patients (6 females, 4 males, age 63.4 ± 6.7 (40.6 – 68.0) years [mean ± 1 SD (range)]) were included in this retrospective study. All eyes received an Oculentis Tplus LS-313 (Oculentis, Berlin, Germany) t-IOL after standard phacoemusification (n = 4) or femtocataract laser-assisted surgery (n = 10). Image-guided t-IOL alignment included: (1) calculation of t-IOL parameters (combination of different biometric methods) and plotting a layout drawing of the target lens position, (2) capture of an anterior segment slit lamp photograph in the upright position, (3)  superposition of the photographs by the t-IOL target plot and a gradual scale, (4) drawing of marker lines on the photograph and removal of the IOL target coordinates, (5) transfer of the final image to a tablet PC, and (6) marking of the target axis at the corneal limbus with an ink pen in the surgical room.

Results Preoperative corneal astigmatism was 2.50 ± 0.97 (1.38 – 4.34) diopters (D) (mean ± 1 SD, range). In all eyes, intraoperative alignment could easily be performed using the photographic target layout. Surgical interventions and postoperative follow-up were without complications in all cases. Residual postoperative astigmatism was 0.16 ± 0.24 (0.00 – 0.75) D (p < 0.001 compared to preoperative astigmatism). In 64% of patients, residual subjective astigmatism was zero, in 93% ≤ 0.5 D, and in 100% ≤ 0.75 D. Postoperative uncorrected logMAR visual acuity (0.05 ± 0.07, range 0.00 – 0.20) and best-corrected visual acuity (0.03 ± 0.05, 0.00 – 0.10) were significantly better (each p < 0.001) than best-corrected preoperative visual acuity (0.21 ± 0.14, 0.00 – 0.49).

Conclusions Results of this clinical series clearly indicate that the newly developed photographically guided technique of toric lens alignment leads to highly accurate postoperative results for astigmatic correction.
The Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Might Have Useful Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Thyroid Tumors
Authors: Bircan Rıfat , Gözü Hülya Ilıksu , Ulu Esra , Sarıkaya Şükran , Gül Aylin Ege , Şirin Duygu Yaşar , Özçelik Serhat , Aral Cenk
Published: April 2019

The literature suggests that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects are associated with a large number of diseases including cancers. The role of mtDNA variations in thyroid cancer is a highly controversial topic. Therefore, we investigated the role of mt-DNA control region (CR) variations in thyroid tumor progression and the influence of mtDNA haplogroups on susceptibility to thyroid tumors. For this purpose, in total, 108 hot thyroid nodules (HTNs), 95 cold thyroid nodules (CTNs), 48 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) samples with their surrounding tissues and 104 healthy control subjects’ blood samples were screened for all mtDNA CR variations using Sanger sequencing. We found that MtDNA haplogroup U was significantly associated with susceptibility to benign thyroid entities. In addition, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (T146C, G185A, C194T, C295T, G16129A, T16304C, A16343G and T16362C) in the mtDNA CR were associated with the occurrence of benign and malign thyroid nodules in the Turkish population. As compared with samples taken from a healthy Turkish population and HTNs, the frequency of C7 repeats in D310 polycytosine sequence was found to be higher in CTNs and the PTC samples. In addition, the frequency of somatic mutations in mtMSI regions including T16189C and D514 CA dinucleotide repeats were found to be higher in PTC samples than benign thyroid nodules. Conversely, the frequency of somatic mutations in D310 was found to be higher in HTNs than CTNs and PTCs. In conclusion, mtDNA D310 instability does not play a role in the tumorigenesis of PTC but the results indicate that it might be used as a diagnostic clonal expansion biomarker for premalignant thyroid tumor cells. In addition, D514 CA instability might be considered as a prognostic biomarker for benign to malign transformation in thyroid tumors.
Determination of JW5473 in Rat Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study of JW5473
Authors: Kim Tae Kon
Published: April 2019

A sensitive method for quantitation of JW5473 in rat plasma has been established using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS/MS). Tramadol was used as an internal standard. JW5473 and internal standard in plasma sample was extracted using acetonitrile (protein precipitation). A centrifuged upper layer was then evaporated and reconstituted with the mobile phase of 0.5% formic acid-acetonitrile (40:60, v/v). The reconstituted samples were injected into a C18 reversed-phase column. Using MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, JW5473 and tramadol were detected without severe interference from rat plasma matrix. JW5473 produced a protonated precursor ion ([M+H]+) at m/z 432.3 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 114.4. And the internal standard produced a protonated precursor ion ([M+H]+) at m/z 264.4 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 58.1. Detection of JW5473 in human plasma by the UPLC-ESI/MS/MS method was accurate and precise with a quantitation limit of 1.0 ng/mL. The validation, reproducibility, stability, and recovery of the method were evaluated. The method has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of JW5473 in rat plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters of JW5473 was evaluated after intravenous (i. v.; at doses of 15 mg/kg) and oral (p.o.; at doses of 30 mg/kg) administration of JW5473 in rats. After p.o. administration (30 mg/kg) of JW5473, F (Fraction absorbed) value was approximately 70.5%.
Contrast-enhanced imaging in hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: retrospective study of 10 patients
Authors: Klinger Christoph , Stuckmann Gerhard , Dietrich Christoph F. , Berzigotti Annalisa , Horger Marius S. , Debove Ines , Gilot Bryant J. , Pauluschke-Fröhlich Jan , Hoffmann Tatjana , Sipos Bence , Fröhlich Eckhart
Published: April 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze imaging findings in hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) with a particular focus on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).

Materials and Methods This retrospective multicenter study included 10 patients with histologically proven HEHE from 5 European centers. All existing ultrasound images/videos were independently analyzed by 2 experienced examiners (DEGUM level III, internal medicine) using a standardized evaluation form. Patterns of contrast enhancement were correlated with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pathological findings.

Results B-mode ultrasound, CEUS, CT, and MRI were performed in 90 %, 70 %, 100 %, and 90 % of patients, respectively. Multifocal HEHE could be observed in 80 % with affection of both liver lobes in 70 %. Analysis of CEUS revealed 3 characteristic patterns that correlated well with contrast patterns on CT and MRI: (a) peripheral nodular enhancement with centripetal fill-in and wash-out in the portal venous and late venous phase (PVLP), (b) rim-like arterial enhancement with wash-out in the PVLP, and (c) inversed target sign with/without wash-out in the PVLP. Wash-out in the PVLP as a sign suspicious of malignancy was observed in 6/7 patients (85.7 %).

Conclusions Knowledge of the different characteristic CEUS patterns is of importance to avoid misdiagnosis due to resemblance of patterns A and B to the much more common focal liver lesions hemangioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Of importance, sonographers should be aware that wash-out in the PVLP might be absent in some patients.
The Predictive Low Glucose Management System in Prevention of
Clinically Significant Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes. A Preliminary Study
Identifying the Most Common Events Leading Up to Hypoglycemia During Insulin
Pump Therapy
Authors: Thomakos Petros , Mitrakou Asimina , Kepaptsoglou Olga , Taraoune Ibrahim , Barreto Carol , Zoupas Christos Sp.
Published: April 2019

Background/aim Prevention of hypoglycemia remains a major challenge
in diabetic management, despite the introduction of modern insulin pumps in
daily clinical practice. The Low Glucose Suspend (LGS) and the newer
Predictive Low Glucose Management (PLGM) systems incorporated in the
Medtronic insulin pumps have shown promising results in prevention of
hypoglycemia. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the 2 systems relative
to the frequency of clinically significant hypoglycemia in Type 1 diabetes
(T1DM). In addition, we investigated the events preceding clinically
significant hypoglycemia episodes.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 T1DM patients
using the MiniMed 640G vs. 30 using the MiniMed Veo sensor-augmented insulin
pump. All data was recorded during patients’ normal daily activity and
living conditions. The patients were matched for age and duration of
diabetes.

Results PLGM use was associated with lower incidence of clinically
significant hypoglycemia (1.9±1.4 vs. 3.6±1.9 episodes per week), along with
reduced exposure to hypoglycemia. The data indicated that both pump systems
are effective in preventing severe hypoglycemic episodes. In both groups the
most common events preceding hypoglycemic episodes included adjustment of
hyperglycemia, basal rate increase and miscalculation of carbohydrates.

Conclusions The results indicated that the use of the Minimed 640G
pump system can help reduce the frequency of clinically significant
hypoglycemia. Management of hyperglycemia must be addressed in diabetes
education programs in order to encourage proper adjustment of high blood
glucose levels. Future studies would be useful in exploring the details of
the events preceding hypoglycemia episodes in insulin pump users.
Diastereodivergent Synthesis of Bromoiminolactones: Electrochemical and Chemical Bromoiminolactonization of α-Allylmalonamides
Authors: Yamamoto Kosuke , Ishimaru Keiko , Mizuta Satoshi , Minato Daishirou , Kuriyama Masami , Onomura Osamu
Published: April 2019

A diastereodivergent synthesis of N-substituted iminolactones by bromoiminolactonization of α-substituted α-allylmalonamides is reported. Whereas bromocyclization under conventional chemical conditions provided cis-bromoiminolactones, electrochemical conditions exhibited complementary diastereoselectivity to afford the trans-products. A variety of substituents on the nitrogen atoms and an α-position of the malonamide were tolerated under both sets of conditions to afford the corresponding iminolactones in excellent yields and high diastereoselectivities.
Phthalocyanines as a π–π Adsorption Strategy to Immobilize Catalyst on Carbon for Electrochemical Synthesis
Authors: Klunder Kevin J. , Cass Ashley C. , Anderson Scott L. , Minteer Shelley D.
Published: April 2019

In most electrochemical syntheses, reactions are happening at or near the electrode surface. For catalyzed reactions, ideally, the electrode surface would solely contain the catalyst, which then simplifies purification and lowers the amount of catalyst needed. Here, a new strategy involving phthalocyanines (Pc) to immobilize catalysts onto carbon electrode surfaces is presented. The large π structure of the Pc enables adsorption to the sp2-structure of graphitic carbon. TEMPO-modified Pc were chosen as a proof of concept to test the new immobilization strategy. It was found that the TEMPO-Pc derivatives functioned similarly or better than the widely used pyrene adsorption method. Interestingly, the new TEMPO-Pc catalyst appears to facilitate a cascade reaction involving both the anode and the cathode. The first step is the generation of an aryl aldehyde (anode) followed by the reduction of the aryl aldehyde in a pinacol-type coupling reaction at the cathode. The last step is the oxidation of a hydrobenzoin to create benzil. This work demonstrates the unique ability of electrochemistry and bifunctional catalysts to enable multistep chemical transformations, performing both reductive and oxidative transformations in one pot.
Quick Access to Pyridines through 6π-3-Azatriene Electrocyclization: Concise Total Synthesis of Suaveoline Alkaloids
Authors: Wei Hongbo , Li Yun
Published: April 2019

Pyridine is a prevalent structural heterocyclic motifs in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Several different methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of these kinds of molecules. However, a sustainable and efficient procedure for the synthesis of pyridines is still highly desirable. In this Synpacts article, we highlight our recent approach to the construction of highly substituted pyridines though a tandem condensation/alkyne isomerization/6π-3-azatriene electrocyclization sequence. The present protocol was used to synthesize a series of polysubstituted pyridines (30 examples) in moderate to good yields. The process also permitted the development of a concise strategy for collective total syntheses of suaveoline, norsuaveoline, and macrophylline.
Endovascular Management of a Rare Cause of Bleeding Per Vaginam: A Hole in the Mole
Authors: Chahal Anurag , Malla Sundeep , Gamanagatti Shivanand
Published: April 2019

Uterine artery aneurysm is a rare cause of bleeding per vaginam. Uterine artery pseudoaneurysms are rare but potentially life-threatening causes of persistent or delayed bleeding post-uterine curettage or any uterine surgery. Color Doppler ultrasonography is very useful for emergent diagnosis of these conditions and subsequent follow-up post-embolization. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging play an important role in confirming the diagnosis. Transcatheter arterial embolization is the therapy of choice for such cases. Our case highlights the presentation, imaging appearance, and endovascular management of a case of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm.
“How Much Does My Implant Weigh?”: Addressing Patient Concern about Weight Gain after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: LeRoy Taryn , Bono Olivia J. , Bono James V.
Published: April 2019

A common concern for patients undergoing joint replacement is that the implant will increase their body weight. In an effort to determine if in fact the joint implant is heavier than the bone removed during surgery, the authors conducted a 3-year review from 11/2014 to 11/2017 of 339 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures performed by a single surgeon. In the 339 patients, the bone and tissue removed from the patient was weighed. Using the known weights of each component (cup, head, and stem), the authors calculated the total mass of the hip prosthetic implant. Using deidentified patient data, they reviewed only the weight of bone and tissue removed and the calculated weight of the implant placed in each THA performed by the single surgeon. They subtracted the mass of the bone and tissue removed during surgery from the total mass of the hip implant to determine the net weight differential in the patient following surgery and calculated an average net weight gain of 124.84 g in the 339 patients who underwent THA. This weight gain of 124.84 g is equivalent to 0.275 lbs. Previous studies have only looked at weight gain or loss following total joint replacement with respect to natural weight loss/gain that may be associated with improved mobility following surgery. This is the first study to measure the actual quantifiable net weight differential due to the joint replacement itself. The authors concluded that no appreciable weight gain following THA can be attributed to the weight of the implant.
Soft X-ray nanoscale imaging using a sub-pixel resolution charge coupled device (CCD) camera
Authors: Lübcke Andrea , Braenzel Julia , Dehlinger Aurelie , Schnürer Matthias , Stiel Holger , Guttmann Peter , Rehbein Stefan , Schneider Gerd , Werner Stephan , Kemmler Roman , Ritter Sebastian , Raugust Marc , Wende Torsten , Behrendt Marcel , Regehly Martin
Published: April 2019

A sub-pixel 16 bit charge coupled device camera featuring superresolution for the soft X-ray regime is presented. Superresolution images (SRIs) are reconstructed from a set of 4 × 4 individual low-resolution images that are recorded for different sub-pixel shifts of the detector. SRIs have a 1.3 times higher resolution than individual low-resolution images which is close to the maximum achievable enhancement factor of about 1.5 in the X-ray regime under ideal conditions. To characterize this camera and demonstrate its potential, an X-ray microscope setup is used to image different objects at different photon energies.
3D topological models and Heegaard splitting. I. Partition function
Authors: Thuillier F.
Published: April 2019

The aim of this article is twofold: first, we show how to recover the smooth Deligne-Beilinson cohomology groups from a Heegaard splitting of a closed oriented smooth 3-manifold by extending the usual Čech-de Rham construction; second, thanks to the above and still relying on a Heegaard splitting, we explain how to compute the partition functions of the U(1) Chern-Simons and BF theories.
Measurement of thermal conductivity and specific heat by impedance spectroscopy of Bi2Te3 thermoelectric element
Authors: Arisaka Taichi , Otsuka Mioko , Hasegawa Yasuhiro
Published: April 2019

The thermal conductivity (κ) and specific heat (Cp) of a thermoelectric element consisting of Bi2Te3 (SRM 3451) were obtained by impedance spectroscopy and using only electrometric measurements. The dimensionless figure of merit (zT) was successfully estimated by the four-probe method from the frequency dependence of the impedance, and the result was compared with that obtained using the two-probe method. The calculated values of zT and resistivity were 0.577 and 13.4 µΩ m, respectively, at 300 K, which allowed us to obtain κ = 2.11 W/(m K) and Cp = 165 J/(kg K) by using a Seebeck coefficient of −233 µV/K, a thermal diffusivity of 1.68 mm2/s, and a mass density of 7.60 g/cm3 from our earlier electrometric measurements. The calculated κ and Cp are quite reasonable when compared to reported values. We thus conclude that, without relying on calorimetric measurements, impedance spectroscopy is a powerful technique for determining not only zT but also the thermal properties of thermoelectric materials via the Peltier effect.
Nonplanar acoustic metasurface for focusing
Authors: Tang Hanchuan , Hao Zhuoqun , Zang Jianfeng
Published: April 2019

Acoustic metasurfaces have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their unprecedented manipulation of acoustic waves within subwavelength planar structures. However, planar rigid structures are not compatible with human skin, which possesses dynamically varying and highly unconventional geometries. This limits the applicability of acoustic metasurfaces in a promising industry. In this paper, we describe a nonplanar acoustic metasurface for focusing based on the ability of metasurfaces to impart nontrivial phase shifts. We propose a common mapping method for the pattern design that enables focusing behind the free surface. By cutting hollowed-out patterns on a nonplanar metasurface membrane, forming a specialized transmitted phase distribution, we obtain the approximate constructive interference on the focal spot, thus implementing high-efficiency focusing behind an arbitrary nonplanar metasurface. Specifically, we demonstrate focusing on spherical, conical, and chaotic surfaces and discuss the scope of application of our design rule. Moreover, by applying the pattern to conical surfaces, we design an “umbrella structure” to implement high-efficiency focusing with a dynamic, tunable focal length. The proposed nonplanar metasurface not only expands the application range of metamaterials but also demonstrates the real-world applicability of cutting-edge metamaterial research.
Spectrophotometric and thermal stability of agarose-based ultrasonic tissue-mimicking gel
Authors: Chen Heng-Yin , Chen Nelson G.
Published: April 2019

Spectrophotometric measurements of a commonly used agarose-based ultrasonic tissue-mimicking gel are reported. In addition, spectral characteristics after heating to different temperatures provide thermostability information. Thermostability of agarose gels has not been previously reported, except in general terms. Gels were produced and cast into 2 mm thick spectrophotometric cuvettes. UV-Vis spectra were recorded after gels were heated to various temperatures. Spectral changes resulting from heating were noted and were largely unchanged with heating to temperatures ranging from 30 to 70 °C. Only with heating to 80 °C, which is near the melting point of the gel material, do spectra irreversibly change. We show that agarose-based tissue-mimicking gels are largely stable over temperatures relevant to most biomedical ultrasonic studies, including those examining hyperthermia or high-intensity focused ultrasound. Therefore, they likely provide a stable substrate in which to conduct ultrasonic heating studies. In addition, UV-Vis spectrophotometry of this optically opaque material has been demonstrated. Possible additives to this material that would enable the measurement of temperature fields through postexposure sectioning and slicing are subsequently discussed.
Effect of magnetic-field orientation on dual-peak phenomenon of magnetoelectric coupling in Ni/PZT/Terfenol-D composites
Authors: Niu Longfei , Shi Yang , Gao Yuanwen
Published: April 2019

Magnetoelectric (ME) effect in a Ni/PZT/Terfenol-D composite cantilever was tested under three different magnetic loading modes. The frequency-dependent ME effect and dual-peak phenomenon were observed in the experiment. The influence of orientations of magnetic fields on the dual-peak phenomenon of ME coupling was investigated. Magnetic field distribution inside the ME composite structure was simulated, which agrees well with experimental data. The experiment results indicate that ME coefficient versus bias magnetic field curve presents a novel dual-peak phenomenon near the resonant frequency, and the ME coefficient which depends upon the amplitude and orientation of magnetic field presents a nonlinear shift whether at the resonant frequency or not. In addition, the optimal angle corresponding to the largest ME coefficient for different bias fields were obtained. The proposed ME composites-based sensors can be used for detecting or harvesting magnetic signals of uncertain orientations and amplitudes in complex environments.