bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE ASPHERICITY OF ACCUMULATION REGION AS A NEW PREDICTOR OF ADVERSE OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROBLASTOMA
Authors: Ядгаров М. Я. , Ликарь Ю. Н. , Шаманская Т. В. , Качанов Д. Ю. , Кайлаш Ч. , Киреева Е. Д. , Матвеев Н. В. , Щелыкалина С. П.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was the development and implementation of algorithms for computer analysis of medical images to quantify the asphericity of the area of radiopharmaceutical accumulation in a primary tumor, as well as to study the prognostic significance of asphericity as a predictor of an adverse outcome in patients with neuroblastoma. This retrospective study included 142 primary patients (69 boys, 73 girls, median age 22.5 months, range 1-198 months) with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma. All patients underwent full-body scintigraphy with 123I. Cox regression analysis, ROC analysis, and Kaplan-Meier analysis with a log-rank test in assessing event-free survival were used to assess the predictive value of asphericity.

The median follow-up period was 18 months (range 7 to 78 months; 17 patients had disease progression / relapse, 10 patients died). The asphericity of the accumulation area in univariate Cox regression analysis is a significant pre- dictor of poor outcome (p = 0.035; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.106 [1.007; 1.215] for an increase of one unit). The optimal cut-off point for the asphericity parameter in the ROC analysis was chosen equal to 28.4%, predictor sensitivity: 77.8% (95% CI: 65%; 92%), specificity: 65.1% (95% CI: 52%; 75%). According to the results of the log-rank test, statistically significant differences were obtained: in patients with high asphericity (more than 28.4%) and low asphericity, the mean event-free survival rate was 42.9 (95% CI: 38.9%; 46.8%) and 56.6 (95% CI: 48.3%; 64.8%) months, respectively (p = 0.044). For the first time in the Russian Federation, a method for assessing the asphericity of neuroblastoma has been developed and implemented in software. In this study, the asphericity of the radiopharmaceutical accumulation area in the primary tumor, assessed prior to treatment initiation, identified children with a high and low risk of progression / relapse and death, with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 65.1%.
DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN OXIDATIVE HOMEOSTASIS PARAMETERS DURING RAT LIVER REPERFUSION AFTER VASCULAR EXCLUSION
Authors: Popov K. A. , Denisova Y. E. , Stolyarova A. N. , Azimov E. A. , Esaulenko E. E. , Bykov M. I. , Balachevskaya O. V. , Basov A. A.
Published: May 2022

Changes in the state of the antioxidant protection system and the intensification of free radical processes are the leading pathobiochemical mechanism for the development of reperfusion damage to cells. The aim of this paper is to determine the features of changes in markers of oxidative stress at different periods of development of the acute reperfusion after total vascular exclusion of rat liver. The study was carried out on 100 white nonlinear sexually mature male rats weighing of 200-250 grams. The animals of the experimental groups were simulated with a 20-minute vascular isolation of the liver. Blood in a volume of 2-3 ml was taken from the inferior vena cava for 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 minutes, 8 hours and a day after the restoration of blood flow. The results of the study showed that in the early stages of the reperfusion period (5-60 minutes), changes are observed due to cytolysis of hepatocytes during the period of organ ischemia and leaching of cell contents into the blood. The level of radical sorption of ABTS by blood plasma briefly increased by 20% by the 5th minute of the reperfusion period; at the same period, an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity by 2.5 times was noted. The total antioxidant activity, determined by the iron-reducing method, was increased by 2 times within the period of 15-30 minutes after the restoration of blood flow. The main manifestations of reperfusion damage to the liver developed in 60 minutes after the restoration of blood flow and were characterized by a sharp decrease in total AOA by 1.5-2 times and the concentration of reduced glutathione by 20%. The system of antioxidant protection of blood plasma was the first to react to the spread of the pathological process at the systemic level and its changes persisted one day after liver ischemia. A 20-minute vascular exclusion of the liver was accompa- nied by changes in the antioxidant balance in the erythrocyte suspension, but these changes returned to normal a day after the restoration of blood flow.
The data obtained make it possible to distinguish between the contribution of ischemic and reperfusion injuries to the development of oxidative disorders, which is important from the standpoint of assessing the possibilities of anti- oxidant therapy.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TESTIS UNDER CONDITIONS OF CORRECTION OF HYPOSPERMATOGENESIS (EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH)
Authors: Demyashkin G. A. , Koryakin S. N. , Vadyukhin M. A. , Shchekin V. I.
Published: May 2022

Currently, infertility affects up to 15% of married couples worldwide, half of which is due to the «male factor». To study the mechanisms of impaired spermatogenesis, it is required to create models using drugs with high gonadotoxic- ity or radiation, followed by the use of methods that improve the function and quality of spermatozoa, one of which is Leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP). Purpose of the study: morphological assessment of spermatogenesis using platelet-rich plasma after electron irradiation at a dose of 2 Gray. Material and methods. Wistar males (220±20 g; 9 – 10 weeks; n= 60) were randomly divided into 3 groups (conventional names): I – Control; II – electron irradiation, dose 2 Gray; III – administration of LP-PRP+IGF after irradiation for 35 days. Results. A week after irradiation, a de- crease in the number of germ cells and a decrease in the height of the spermatogenic epithelium were found. Positive effects after the application of LP-PRP+IGF were observed already in the second week, which persisted throughout the entire experiment. Conclusion. The components of platelet-rich plasma contribute to the activation of spermatogonia and the restoration of the pool of germ cells, thereby having a positive effect on spermatogenesis.
MOLECULAR-GENETIC APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSTICS OF HEREDITARY PATHOLOGY
Authors: Archipenko A. L. , Berenshteyn M. V. , Ukhabotina A. V. , Fomochkina I. I. , Nuriddinova E. S.
Published: May 2022

Today, the problem of timely diagnosis of fetal genetic disorders is especially urgent for the medical community. At the moment, the most effective are molecular-genetic methods - a large and diverse group of methods designed to detect damage in the structure of a DNA section up to deciphering the primary sequence of bases. The emergence of molecular-genetic methods has opened up a new dimension in the study of human chromosomes and their viola- tion - the submicroscopic level. The main studies used by healthcare professionals are: determination of the karyo- type; study of the material of missed pregnancies; examination of oocytes and spermatozoa; prenatal invasive and non-invasive diagnostics; genetic counseling. The method of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), allows you to objectively identify the nucleotide composition of a particular chromosome or locus. FISH assays are important for the clinical diagnosis of various chromosomal abnormalities, including deletions, duplications, and translocations.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE PROGRAM FOR THE RESETTLEMENT OF EMERGENCY HOUSING IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
Authors: Sribnaya E.A. , Fedorkina M.S. , Fedorkina А.S.
Published: May 2022

This article summarizes the problems of implementing the state program for the resettlement of dilapidated housing in the works of economists, explores the main trends and develops the main directions for improving the efficiency of the implementation of the state program for the resettlement of dilapidated housing in the Republic of Crimea.
Activity-Based Learning Strategies used by Teachers in Public Pre-Primary Schools in Kenya
Authors: Andiema Nelly C.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how activity-based learning is implemented in public pre-primary schools in Kenya with specific reference to West Pokot County, Kenya. The new curriculum being implemented in pre-primary schools in the country demands that activity-based learning be used to foster learning by children in schools. The research utilised a mixed methodology research approach. The target population comprised teachers (1677) and headteachers (417) drawn from 417 Pre-primary centres in West Pokot County. A sample size of 10.0% representing 41 headteachers and 168 public pre-primary school teachers was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. to collect data, questionnaire was administered to pre-primary teachers, interview was conducted for sampled head teachers and researcher collected secondary data through observation method. Data collected was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. The study found that activity-based learning was occasionally used (M= 3.19, SD= 0.54) by teachers in public pre-primary schools in the study area. Teachers failed to use the recommended methods because of the non-availability of adequate and quality instructional resources. The study recommends that teachers should be supported by parents, government, and school management in the acquisition of the right infrastructure and instructional resources. Teachers also need to be provided with additional training on activity-based approaches implementation in schools.
EXPLORING MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS IN “POLLYANNA” NOVEL
Authors: Virginia Fanny , Satria Robby
Published: May 2022

This descriptive qualitative research psychologically explored the hierarchy of human needs in “Pollyanna” novel. The quotations from all characters were examined seeing that the hierarchy of human needs is not only unfulfilled by the main character. However, other characters of the novel also have struggles in fulfilling the hierarchy of human needs. In collecting the data, the researchers applied library research because this research also used books and articles of the relevant object. Furthermore, the researchers analyzed the data by taking the descriptive analysis method. The data were analyzed by implementing Abraham H. Maslow’s theory regarding the hierarchy of human needs. The research result reported that the physiological needs, love and belonging needs, and self actualization are fulfilled by the characters of “Pollyanna” novel. As for the unfulfilled needs, those are safety needs and self-esteem needs as the needs that are not fulfilled by the characters. The safety needs are unfulfilled because the main character named Pollyanna did not get a proper room in Ms. Polly’s house. Also, Ms. Polly's self-esteem needs are unfulfilled because she does not feel respected because of the duty that assigns the woman to look after Pollyanna.
REVEALING THE "SWAN" SYMBOL AND SOCIAL CRITICISM IN RENDRA'S POETRY “NYANYIAN ANGSA”
Authors: Arianto Tomi
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research aimed to reveal symbols that are often present by applying semiotic critical analysis to poetry. Nyanyian Angsa (The Swan Song) is the source of data in this analytical practice. Rendra is a writer who is familiar to the Indonesian people through his sharp lines and directly affects the social phenomenon critics. In this article, the researcher implemented Riffatere's semiotic reading theory to examine the Swan symbol in poetry. Riffatere introduces 4 things in semiotic of poetry, they are (1) poetry is an indirect expression, stating something with another meaning, (2) heuristic and hermeneutic reading (retroactive), (3) matrix, model, and variant, and (4) hypogram. By using qualitative research methods, this research focused on critical analysis of the text in poetry. The results of this analysis indicated that there are many ungrammatical expressions in poetry that could not be read heuristically reading so that the reading is done by hermeneutic reading (retroactive). Through the semiotic stages, there are two major criticisms behind the ungrammatical meaning found, namely the representation of social criticism on individuals in medical and religious institutions. The Swan symbol also refers to the Maria Zaitun character who has done forgiveness of sins.
MEMILIH SEKOLAH DASAR UNTUK ANAK MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY LOGIC METODE MAMDANI
Authors: Ekawati Nia , Jannati Elsari Fatkhur
Published: May 2022

Education Batam City has an education that follows the development of the current era. Because the city of Batam itself is very close to neighboring countries, namely Singapore and Malaysia. As reported from the online electronic media Kompas newspaper on January 17, 2017, as a parent, of course you also don't want to look for a school for your baby. The reason is, choosing the right school, especially kindergarten (TK) and elementary school (SD), is a "long-term investment" for the future of children. Having a child who will enter a higher school, from the kindergarten (TK) period, of course, must choose an elementary school (SD) which can be said to have good quality besides that it can be seen in the results of those who have graduated from the elementary school. Because in the modern era, children must be introduced to the international language from an early age but not abandon the national language, Sultan Agung School puts the concept of the National Plus School in front. The consideration that can be taken for parents is choosing a public or private elementary school with different concepts and advantages, of course, it is enough to think carefully, so as not to make the wrong choice. In general, the new alternative schools offer the same concept, namely promoting children's verbal abilities and honing children's creativity. As a parent, of course, you will look for information on the meaning of the national plus school understanding. The concept taken with the national plus is that the school prioritizes all students being able to use the Indonesian language and is equipped with the help of an international language, namely English.
The Effect of the Investigative Report Learning Model on Student’s Perception of Anti-Corruption Behavior Development
Authors: Nurlaelah Nurlaelah , Maloko M. Thahir , Nur Fuady Muhammad Ikram , Muliyono Andi , Raya Muhammad Yaasiin
Published: May 2022

This study investigates changes in students' perceptions of anti-corruption behavior in the religious education. This qualitative research analyzes the application of investigative report as a learning model through field observation and in-depth group interviews focusing on religious education subject in high schools. The results of this study showed differences in students’ perceptions before and after the investigation; the investigative report learning model made the high school students have a wider understanding of anti-corruption actions and behavior. By filling out the investigation sheet, students could identify such actions directly in the field, such as at home and the markets. Some of the actions they identified were manipulation of scales, stockpiling of staples, and provision of inappropriate materials. In addition to the investigative report learning model, the religious teachers also made a huge contribution by providing explanations about the relation between the Qur'an and the story of the Prophet Muhammad to stuff findings that are considered acts of corruption.
Foreign Trade as the Main Aspect of Marketing Activity: Current State and Development Prospects
Authors: TURCHYN Liuba
Published: May 2022

The article considers foreign trade as the main aspect of marketing activities of domestic enterprises in dynamic markets. Thus, the key to effective economic development of the country is to ensure foreign economic activity. Foreign trade is the main economic factor, the key to the success of any country in the international economic arena and a decisive factor in shaping the competitiveness of enterprises and improving the quality of life. Therefore, given the unstable market conditions and market dynamics, foreign trade should be considered as a major aspect of marketing activities of domestic enterprises. Modern tendencies of development of foreign trade of Ukraine are investigated. The consequences of the pandemic impact (COVID-19) on the foreign economic activity of enterprises are analysed. Thus, the total turnover in Ukraine in 2020 decreased by 6.5 % compared to the previous year. Imports decreased in 2020 by 10.3 % less than in 2019. However, Ukraine retains a leading position in the world is the third largest exporter of grain, producing 90–100 million tons of grain annually. Agriculture also plays a significant role in the structure of exports: in 2019, agricultural enterprises brought Ukraine almost 40 % of foreign exchange earnings, demonstrating stability over the past three years. The importance of export operations in international markets was emphasized. In particular, Ukraine ranked third in the list of the largest suppliers of agricultural products to the European Union, exporting 7.3 billion Euros. The signing of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement and the implementation of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU (DCFTA) have also had a significant impact on agricultural exports to the EU since the signing of the Agreement. PEST-analysis and SWOT-analysis of Ukraine’s foreign trade were conducted. The role of agricultural enterprises in the structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade is emphasized: the basis of Ukraine’s foreign trade in 2019 remained the products of agricultural enterprises. The share of agricultural products in the total volume of Ukrainian exports amounted to 44.3 %. The prospects for the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade in unstable market conditions are indicated. Ukraine needs to analyse its foreign economic activity and the current situation: opportunities, threats, its strengths and weaknesses and increase its trade. To improve the state of foreign trade, it is proposed to focus on exports, especially agrarian enterprises.
Prerequisites for the Emergence of Procedural Legal Relations on the Recognition of Inheritance as Fictitious
Authors: BONDARENKO-ZELINSKA Nadiia , BORYSLAVSKA Maryna , TRACH Oksana
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the prerequisites for the emergence of civil procedural legal relations in cases of recognition of heritage as fictitious and to develop recommendations for improving their legal regulation. For the emergence of procedural legal relations regarding the acquisition by property of the status of a fancy inheritance, along with the subject of the right to appeal to the court, it is necessary to have a number of legal facts, in particular: the discovery of the inheritance, the presence of the inheritance and the absence of the fact of its inheritance. The imperfection of the current procedure for determining the moment of discovery of inheritance, which coincides with the day of the onset of the corresponding event (primarily death) is justified. It has been established that in some cases not only the day of the death of the person, but also the hour and minute of such an event is important. In hereditary cases, the accuracy of determining the hour and minute of death primarily depends on the amount of hereditary property, which can ultimately be recognized as fictitious. It is proposed to amend the Civil Code of Ukraine on the possibility of calculating terms in civil legal relations by hours and minutes. It has been established that the presence of inheritance is another prerequisite for the emergence of procedural legal relations regarding the recognition of it as fictitious. Particular attention is paid to the study of individual rights and obligations, as well as the question of which of them may be part of the inheritance. Attention is focused on the imperfection of the legal regulation of this issue. First of all, this applies to the rights to firearms, medicines, animals, genetic materials of the testator and embryos subjected to cryoprotection, rights from transactions whose subject matter is astronomical objects, etc. The conclusion is based on the idea that if the privatization of housing is underperformed during the life of the testator, if there are conditions for recognition of the inheritance as fictitious, such completion of such privatization is not carried out, since the indicated property is usually already in communal ownership. Proposals have been developed to take measures to identify heirs, it is recommended to make greater use of the possibilities of various registries (in particular, the Unified State Demographic Register). It is recommended that local governments and other applicants in cases of recognition of inheritance as a fictitious right to receive free of charge from the Unified State Demographic Register the information necessary to establish and search for heirs.
Creation of a Five-Level Model of Professional Development Management of a Specialist in the Format of a Decimal Model of Good Human Health Management
Authors: KOMAR Yurii , DUBAS Rostyslav , NESTERENKO Svitlana
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study is to create a Five-Level Model of full professional development (PD) management, in the format of a decimal model of management of good human health (GHH) formation. To achieve the determined goal, the concepts of «occupational human health» and «comprehensive professional development» determining full compliance of a person’s professional activity with achievements in modern science and practice were defined. This is the highest level of professional development to achieve goals in a certain type of professional activity as a result of fulfilling the professional potential. Thereafter, to meet the objectives of the study, the last tenth letter «T» of the word «management» was used in the Conceptual decimal model of full innovative GHH management. It represents the highest, tenth level of the professional activity system, consisting of five types: work — labour — business — game — employment. These five types of human profess ional activity are at the core of the Five-Level Model and are placed at five hierarchical levels, in accordance with their relevance. To create the Five-Level Model, single-type tables were built that summarize the characteristics of each of the five types of professional activity: work — labour — business — game — employment and characteristics of the corresponding subjects. Reasonable conclusions have been drawn for each type of professional activity according to its hierarchical level in the Five-Level Model. This has helped to create the Five-Level Model of comprehensive PD management, in a format of the Conceptual model of full innovative management of GHH formation and determine that the Five-Level Model is a full hierarchical management model consisting of five types of professional activities in precise order according to their relevance: work, labour, business, game, service, which together fully cover the entire professional activity. It is proved that unique properties of the Five-Level Model allow for its regular use for full professional development management in any environment, including Ukrainian society.
Export-Oriented Industrial Policy: Theory and Practice
Authors: KUKHARSKA Nataliia
Published: May 2022

The essence of the concepts «export-oriented model of industrial policy», «export-oriented production» is disclosed. An export-oriented industrial policy is justified in relation to manufacturing products with a high degree of processing, it stimulates the development of innovations and the creation of goods that can compete with goods produced in other states. The advantages and disadvantages of the country’s economic development and the export-oriented model are revealed. Negative factors in its implementation, associated with the export of raw materials (as, for example, in Russia and Ukraine); a high share of imported components in the production of domestic equipment; the outflow of human and financial resources from the manufacturing industry of the country; the growth of corruption in power structures are disclosed. The introduction of export-oriented industrial policy has been studied on the examples of such countries as Finland, Japan, China. Until 1992, Finland was a «country of loggers», where the share of timber products in exports was 70 %. Today, 46 % of the country’s exports are technological and high-tech products, the share of goods with a high degree of manufacturability is 18 %. The reasons for the growth in Japan’s exports are the development of high technologies (manufacturing products account for 95 % of exports), the rapid change in industrial models, and the implementation of state insurance for export trade. The share of the PRC, thanks to foreign investment, rapid industrialization, construction and growth in the sphere of technological services, in the share of the world economy increased from 1.8 % in 1978 to 18 % in 2018 (the second largest economy in the world), in terms of export it’s the 1st position, in terms of imports — the 2nd position in the world. In the XXI century in the export-oriented model of Ukrainian economic development, raw materials and low-tech production remains (over 74 %). To overcome these trends, priority directions have been developed for improving the state policy of regulating the development of export-oriented industries in Ukraine, namely: in the field of state financial support for exporters; increasing the competitiveness of manufactured products; assistance in the promotion of goods in the domestic and foreign markets; developing a marketing strategy in the country.
MODERN MARKETING IN THE INTERBANK MARKET ORDER AND ANALYSIS OF SERVICES
Authors:   Master Student, Tashkent Institute of Finance, Uzbekistan, Nematova Moxinur
Published: May 2022

This article examines the procedure for the implementation of modern marketing services in the interbank market, the problems and shortcomings in the provision of modern marketing services in commercial banks today.
THE ROLE OF PARLIAMENTARY IN MODERNIZATION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOCIETY
Authors:   Doctor of Political Science (DSc) Uzbek state university of world languages, Uzbekistan, Noryigitovich Jurakulov Furqat
Published: May 2022

This article examines the development reforms of the national parliament and trends in improving parliamentary efficiency within the conceptual idea of the Action Strategy from the Action Strategy at a new stage of development of Uzbekistan by analyzing the role of parliamentarism in the modernization of the political system.
QUESTIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AUTHOR'S CONCEPTUAL IDEA
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Department of Russian Literature and Methods of its Teaching, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Khidirovna Shukurova Feruza
Published: May 2022

This article addresses the issue of storytelling, the issue of updating forms, styles and genres. The genre is viewed as a platform where the polar concepts of man and the world are realized, where the author's aesthetic innovations are embodied and the change of ideological and ethical coordinates is marked. Today, narrative genres play a leading role in Russian and Uzbek literature.
MADRASAH OF UZBEKISTAN: PAST AND PRESENT
Authors:   Professor of Samarkand State University, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Uzbekistan, Shokir Gоfforov
Published: May 2022

This article states that schools and madrassas have existed in Uzbekistan since ancient times. Also, the activity of Mirzo Ulugbek madrasah in Samarkand was analyzed on the basis of sources. It is noted that the activity of Mirzo Ulugbek madrasah and other madrasas in Samarkand in the following centuries, they existed in the 20s of the XX century.
tentativa de homicidio y su dificultad de aplicación en el proceso penal panameño
Authors: Sánchez V. Carlos. A.
Published: May 2022

Nuestra Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, ampara muchas Garantías Fundamentales como bien jurídico tutelado una de ella es la vida, en este artículo encontraremos la forma imperfecta de realizar el Delito de Homicidio, es decir su grado de tentativa. Exponiendo aspectos importantes para la materialización y cómo se aplica en nuestra legislación penal panameña, ante todo; ver la dificultad que esto acarrea a la hora de realizar una investigación objetiva, bajo los parámetros de la propia conducta delictiva considerada delito (tipicidad, antijuricidad, y culpabilidad).
Análisis socio jurídico conceptual de la reparación de víctimas del conflicto armado, vista desde el acuerdo de paz con las FARC EP
Authors: Forero Agudelo Julián Camilo
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo tiene la finalidad de Identificar el paradigma de interpretación conceptual socio jurídica de la reparación de víctimas del conflicto armado, vista desde del acuerdo de paz con las FARC EP, para ello el lector encontrara tres momentos, en primer lugar sobre los paradigmas de interpretación conceptual socio jurídica de la reparación de víctimas del conflicto armado a la luz del acuerdo de paz con las FARC EP, seguidamente los procesos de creación de un paradigma y por último se formulara un paradigma de interpretación, donde se pretende generar una nueva dinámica conceptual, a lo anterior se aplicara el método cualitativo, con enfoque conceptual, de forma inductivo (Cerda Gutierrez, págs. 45-60)
Building on the Past to Prepare for the Future, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of The Mathematics Education for the Future Project, King's College,Cambridge, Aug 8-13, 2022
Authors: Morska Janina
Published: May 2022

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Conference Building on the Past to Prepare for the Future held from August 8-13, 2022, in King’s College, Cambridge, UK. It was the 16th conference organised by The Mathematics Education for the Future Project - an international educational and philanthropic project founded in 1986 and dedicated to innovation in mathematics, statistics, science and computer education world wide.
Interrogation of Social Justice Contexts in Mathematical Modeling: The Use of Simulations of Practice in the Mathematical Preparation of Teachers
Authors: Anhalt Cynthia Oropesa , Cortez Ricardo , Kohler Brynja , Tidwell Will
Published: May 2022

Research in prospective teachers’ development of mathematical modeling knowledge for teaching is gaining momentum. The Mathematics of Doing, Understanding, Learning, and Educating for Secondary Students [MODULE(S2)]* project developed a curriculum in modeling for teacher education that includes simulations of practice, in which prospective teachers reflect on and plan a discussion around student thinking, their models, and the contextualization of their results. We present an analysis of prospective teachers’ modeling work on the decreasing area of Indigenous reservation land in the U.S., and a simulation of practice which explores different methods for finding the area of land in connection to the injustice deeply rooted in the treatment of Indigenous people. This problem explores a critical social issue and calls for explicit attention to pedagogical knowledge in structuring discussions around the contextualization of the mathematical results.
Assessing Mathematical Reasoning: Test Less – Explain More
Authors: Broaddus Angela , Broaddus Matthew
Published: May 2022

Mathematics educational researchers have long offered recommendations for effective mathematics teaching, learning, and assessment, yet educators still struggle to implement fair and practical assessments that promote engagement and inspire students. This study describes assessments that (1) reduced anxiety, frustration, and rote imitation of procedures; (2) increased accessibility, motivation, and psychological resilience; and (3) improved engagement, strategic competence, self-assessment, and depth of understanding. Writing assignments prompted students to explain their reasoning about problems or their understanding of main ideas. Students revisited assignments in response to feedback and resubmitted them later in the course, which motivated students to deepen their understanding over time. Sample assignments, responses, and lessons learned will be shared.
Children with Reduced Cognitive Effectivity, their Problems and Optimal Way of Education
Authors: Budínová Irena , Panáčová Jitka
Published: May 2022

The contribution deals with children with reduced cognitive efficiency, their specific, and frequent difficulties in learning mathematics in the first years of education. Two examples of children with reduced cognitive efficiency will illustrate the specific ways in which reduced cognitive efficiency can manifest itself in mathematics, how children can be helped to overcome the mathematics curriculum. Problems in learning two basic arithmetic operations will be presented. The differentiation of teaching will be briefly introduced as an effective opportunity to work with these children.
Data Science and Mathematical Modeling: Connecting Mathematics to the World in which Students Live
Authors: Burrill Gail
Published: May 2022

The increasing need for statistical and quantitative thinking and reasoning makes it more important than ever that using mathematics and statistics to make sense of the world should be a central component of schooling. Data have transformed the way we look at the world. Shouldn’t this emphasis on data also impact what we teach both in mathematics and statistics? Research suggests that engaging with real data can motivate students, encourage them to take an interest in STEM fields, and allows the interests of diverse communities to be used as opportunities for learning. This paper summarizes the research looking at why connecting mathematics to the world is important for student learning, describes the role of data science and modeling in doing so, and provides examples of opportunities for students to interact with the world in which they live and work. “The development of mathematics is intimately interwoven with the progress of civilization,..” (Ebrahim, 2010)
Combining Dynamic Computer Algebra and Geometry to Illustrate “the most marvelous theorem in mathematics”
Authors: Dick Thomas P.
Published: May 2022

Dynamic geometry software (DGS) allows for constructions and measurements that instantly update when a virtual geometric figure is manipulated. Likewise, dynamic computer algebra systems (CAS) enable symbolic calculations that instantly update when an expression or equation is altered. Linking geometric objects to symbolic parameters combines these two powerful tools together. We will illustrate a unique feature of “locked” measurement in a special DGS to create a Steiner ellipse. We then illustrate the use of a dynamic CAS to create dynamic first and second derivative zeroes of a cubic function whose zeroes can be graphically manipulated. Finally, we will link a dynamic geometric construction based on these zeroes to illustrate the Siebeck-Marden Theorem, an astounding result that has been justifiably called “the most marvelous theorem in mathematics.”
Foregrounding Multiplicative Structure in Essential Calculus Topics
Authors: Izsák Andrew
Published: May 2022

Approaches to calculus have emphasized limits, derivatives, and integrals, among other topics. Yet, across different approaches, the subject continues to pose significant challenges. The present study reports a new approach to calculus that takes multiplicative structure as an equally essential topic that is often overlooked or taken for granted. In an experimental course, 18 college students learned to reason about multiplication understood as coordinated measurement with two different units and proportional relationships understood from the variable-parts perspective. They then worked with piecewise linear functions and step functions to derive key calculus results. A first strand involved division, proportional relationships, slopes of lines, function composition, and the chain rule. A second strand involved multiplication, areas, inversely proportional relationships, and integration by substitution.
Interesting Facts about Terminating Decimals
Authors: Johnson Brian L. , Gkigkitzis Ioannis
Published: May 2022

The set of rationals is dense in R. In fact, this is even true for the smaller family of terminating decimals. Unlike density ratios in the physical world, this is an absolute property implying that infinitely many such decimals exist in even the "smallest" intervals we can imagine. However, it is possible to construct this infinite density in an increasing sequence of finite "densities"--starting with the discrete set of integers. While the terminating decimals do not seem to receive as much formal discussion as Z, Q and R, they are an essential part of the mathematics curriculum, from elementary school through college. Keywords: integers, rational numbers, algebra, density.
Exploring a Collection of Approachable, Stimulating and Thought-Provoking Problems: Face-to-Face or Virtual? Related or not?
Authors: Johnson Iris DeLoach
Published: May 2022

Students thrive when engaged in solving problems that they find to be approachable, stimulating, and thought-provoking. This workshop includes many such problems with various real-world and contrived contexts. Participants will work in groups to find the solutions as well as identify similarities and contrasts among the problems. We will explore whether there are related mathematical concepts (e.g., algebra, discrete mathematics, geometry) or mathematical processes (reasoning, connecting, communicating, representing, problem-solving, selecting tools and strategies). Many of these problems are taken from resources published broadly for students from ages 11-19+. We will compare our findings and experiences with those of school students and discuss use of technology in both face-to-face and online settings: from the past to the future! Keywords: problem-solving, reasoning, communication, collaboration, algebra, representations, Chalk Talk, Thinker-Doer problems
An Innovative Way of Teaching and Assessing Critical Thinking in Mathematics
Authors: Klymchuk Sergiy
Published: May 2022

teaching and assessment as an innovative pedagogical strategy. The intention of using such questions is to enhance students’ critical thinking. Critical thinking is understood here as “examining, questioning, evaluating, and challenging taken-for-granted assumptions about issues and practices” as defined by the New Zealand Ministry of Education. The study is based on a survey of 82 secondary school mathematics teachers who attended introductory workshops on the suggested pedagogical strategy at their regional conferences. Although the vast majority of the participants (96%) agreed to use such strategy in teaching, only 63% percent of the participants were willing to use it in assessement. Teachers’ attitudes are analysed in the paper. Key words: critical thinking, assessement, school mathematics teachers.
Secondary-Tertiary Transition and Effective Ways of Coping with it: A Perspective of Lecturers
Authors: Levi Gamlieli Hadas , Pinto Alon , Koichu Boris
Published: May 2022

The secondary-tertiary transition (STT) in mathematics education is a longstanding concern. This study explores university mathematics lecturers’ perspectives on the challenges underlying STT and on the effectiveness of university-level coping measures currently employed. The analysis of 311 responses to an international survey suggests that there is considerable variability regarding the prevalent perspectives on STT among university lecturers. While most respondents recognized school-related factors, the coping measures they recommended were mainly university-related. The findings stress the need to improve communication, both between university mathematics lecturers and the school mathematics education community, and across universities, for promoting comprehensive initiatives to address STT.
New Methods and Forms of Work during Online Maths Lessons
Authors: Morska Janina
Published: May 2022

In more than 38 years as a mathematics teacher, I have always tried to look for interesting methods and new forms of work. I wondered how to explain the new material to students so that they would understand and be able to use the information in the future. The previous school year has been a huge challenge in the field of distance learning. From October 2020 to May 2021, all teachers in Poland conducted Online lessons. As a result, we had to switch from traditional classroom teaching to online teaching. So I decided to look for appropriate tools and solutions of how to conduct such lessons. Keywords: online learning, distance learning, applications, computer programs, teaching materials, virtual notes, IT tools, online mathematics.
Evoking School Mathematical Knowledge among Preservice Secondary Mathematics Teachers through Error Analysis
Authors: Ngcobo Zanele
Published: May 2022

This article explores how attention to Specialised Content Knowledge (SCK) could evoke the development of school mathematics concepts among pre-service mathematics teachers (PSMTs). At the heart of the repeated debate about the delivery of professional mathematics teacher education curricula has been the reported lack of development of PSMTs knowledge for teaching. However, discussion of what mathematical knowledge for teaching is needed by PSMTs and how it should be developed had been uneven. In South Africa, attention to improving the status quo of learners’ poor performances in mathematics has been directed toward improving in-service teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching. However, research has shown that the problem does not only emerge when teachers become practitioners. The problem of low levels performance and of understanding of school mathematics by pre-service teachers has been identified by many studies but is often not addressed during teacher training. This article explores an under-examined strategy for addressing the repeated concerns about the quality of pre-service mathematics teachers’ education. It examines how attention to specialised content knowledge (SCK) within a preservice teacher education curriculum could potentially influence deeper quality mathematical knowledge to pre-service mathematics teachers’ professionality. This is a qualitative study conducted in 2018 and 2019. Data was generated from (n=61) PSMTs that were enrolled for Bachelor of Education majoring in mathematics. Data was conducted using written task, open ended questionnaires and focus group interviews. The findings from this small-scale study showed that error analysis has the potential to influence the development of SMK. Furthermore, findings suggest that attention to SCK has the potential to evoke school mathematics concepts and the evolution of subject matter knowledge. Based on the findings it is recommended that future research should be conducted to determine the veracity of these conclusions and their generalization to other mathematical topics. Considering the suggestions made by in literature that the description of knowledge is only valid at the time of the investigation, there is a need of large scale to ascertain the effect of error analysis toward the development of PSMTs' SMK of other school mathematics topics. Keywords: Error analysis, Pre-service mathematics teachers, Specialised Content Knowledge.
The Importance of Early Developing Symbol-sense
Authors: Piccione Maria , Ricci Francesca
Published: May 2022

In this paper we deal with the mathematical-objects symbolic representation, as a relevant educational problem. In particular, we refer to the semiotic approach, a teaching model caring the distinction among sign-meaning-sense, proposing its adoption since the very beginning of the school experience. Focusing on the development of symbol-sense means sharing relational learning principles, reconsidering usual instrumental learning ways. We aim at promoting students’ awareness in managing mathematical language, taking into account its widespread weakness, also shown by our investigation. Awareness is a powerful mental attitude which enables facing difficulties and generating a proper conception of what mathematics and doing mathematics really are, then enhancing affect.
Activities and tools for Early Developing Symbol-sense
Authors: Piccione Maria , Ricci Francesca
Published: May 2022

This work deals with practical aspects of semiotic and relational approaches in teaching/learning. It is based on the Early Algebra principle by which mental models of algebraic thought can be constructed starting with Primary School, by teaching Arithmetic "algebraically". Here, the problem of the symbolic representation of mathematical objects is tackled. The aim is to allow students to clearly distinguish between the two worlds - the one of signs and the one of meanings - and to use signs of mathematical language with full awareness rather than just manipulating them. We present activities and tools which take into consideration different semiotic fields (gestural, iconic, natural, …) to achieve the mathematical field.
Analysing PSTs Ethical Reasoning in a Data Driven World
Authors: Register Jordan T. , Andersson Christian H.
Published: May 2022

The prevalence of Big Data Analytics as a proxy for human decision-making processes in globalized society, has catalyzed a call for the modernization of the mathematics curriculum to promote data literacy and ethical reasoning. To support this initiative, ten preservice mathematics teachers (PSTs) in Sweden (SWE) and the United States (US) were interviewed to identify what ethical considerations preservice teachers (PSTs) make in their mathematical analyses of data science contexts. Preliminary results indicate that teachers make a myriad of ethical considerations in their mathematical work that are tied to their critical mathematics consciousness (CMC), conceptions of data literacy, and experiences. As a result, it is imperative that educators simultaneously design educational curricula to foster students’ CMC and work to transform teacher held definitions of data literacy to reflect changes brought on by globalization.
Towards Understanding Integrating Digital Technologies in the Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Smith Charles Raymond , Julie Cyril
Published: May 2022

In the context of ICT integration, a presentation by a teacher during a continuing professional development session is analyzed from the instrumental orchestration as well as the Technological Pedagogical (And) Content Knowledge (TPACK) perspective. The results indicate that some of the components of instrumental orchestration were used by the teacher during the presentation. In realising these orchestrations, the teacher had to delve into the different knowledge components that constitute TPACK. It is concluded that CPD providers need to take such complexities into account when delivering training programs. Keywords: GeoGebra, ICT integration, instrumental orchestration, TPACK, mathematics teacher practices
Representational Competence with Linear Functions: A Glimpse into the Community College Algebra Classroom
Authors: Watkins Laura , Kimani Patrick , Ström April , Akoto Bismark , Lim Dexter
Published: May 2022

Teaching and learning strategies that encourage students to develop the ability to use mathematical representations in meaningful ways are powerful tools for building algebraic understandings of mathematics and solving problems (American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges [AMATYC], 2018). The study of functions in algebra courses taught at community colleges in the United States provides students the opportunity and space to make connections between important characteristics of various families of functions. Using examples of teaching and learning linear functions from intermediate and college algebra courses in community colleges, we explore the ways instructors and students use a variety of representations (visual, symbolic, numeric, contextual, verbal, and/or physical) in teaching and learning linear functions, while connecting between and within these representations.