bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of mathematical models in predicting drug dosage and its efficacy
Authors: Tufik Shehine Mohamad , Nikolaos Tzenios , Zavidovskaya K. V. , Lazurina L. P. , Dotsenko Yu. M.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research is to form a comprehensive understanding of how mathematical models are used to interpret complex dynamics related to the distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs in the human body. The use of mathematical models to predict the required dose of drug prescriptions and establish its effectiveness means a paradigm shift in the field of pharmacology.

Methods. The methodology used in this study was aimed at identifying and analytically reviewing articles that correspond to the objectives of the study. The publications included in the analysis were analyzed and data extracted, focusing on key information such as the mathematical modeling methodology used, the exact predicted treatment effects, the populations studied, long-term prognostic effects, and the assessment of the use of various drug dosing regimens.

Results. In total, 12 publications were analyzed, which used four different methodologies: models with the effects of several different conditions, models that take into account the occurrence of various discrete events, models based on the effects of informative signs taking into account the physiology of individuals, as well as survival models and generalized linear models.

Conclusion. The conducted study of the current state of mathematical modeling in medical research for the purpose of comparative effectiveness is intended for practicing scientists and doctors in conducting further research and introducing innovations. Despite the challenges, the potential impact of these models aimed at bridging the gap between the controlled clinical environment and the real health context is undeniable. The use of mathematical modeling methods to predict the dosage of medicines will improve the quality and effectiveness of personalized medical appointments in the coming years.
Investigation of the influence of linear and angular deviations of UAVS on the change in parallaxes of images of the underlying surface obtained in the mode of rectilinear horizontal flight
Authors: Andronov V. G. , Chuev A. A.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research is assessment of the joint and separate influence of linear and angular deviations of the UAV from the trajectory of rectilinear horizontal flight on the change in parallax images of the underlying surface. Methods. Quantitative estimates are based on a study of the sensitivity of a model describing the functional relationship between the parameters of UAV deviations from a given trajectory and changes in the longitudinal and transverse parallaxes of overlapping images of the underlying surface caused by these deviations.

Results. The difference of longitudinal parallaxes in the absence of linear deviations of the UAV, regardless of the sign of the ordinate of the point in the overlap zone, is always positive and increases with an increase in the level of angular deviations, and transverse deviations are negative and decrease, and the value of the first is three times greater than the second. The difference of the transverse parallaxes in the absence of angular deviations of the UAV at a positive ordinate point in the overlap zone is positive, and the longitudinal parallaxes are negative, and at a negative ordinate, on the contrary. At the same time, regardless of the sign of the ordinate of the point in the overlap zone, with an increase in the level of linear deviations of the UAV, the first increases, the second decreases, and the value of the first is four times greater than the secon.

Conclusion. The magnitude of the parallax differences depends on the levels of linear and angular deviations of the UAV that occurred at the time of registration of the inclined image, and the sign depends on the sign of the ordinate of the corresponding point in the overlap zone of the second pair of images. In this case, the difference of longitudinal parallaxes is always directly proportional to the level of angular deviations and inversely proportional to the level of linear deviations, and transverse parallaxes is directly proportional to the level of angular deviations at negative values of the ordinate of the point and inversely proportional at its positive values.
Decoding the Digital Pulse: Bibliometric Analysis of 25 Years in Digital Health Research Through the Journal of Medical Internet Research
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Robert , Wilhelm Theresa Isabelle , Roos Jonas , Martin Ron
Published: November 2024

Background

As the digital health landscape continues to evolve, analyzing the progress and direction of the field can yield valuable insights. The Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) has been at the forefront of disseminating digital health research since 1999. A comprehensive network analysis of JMIR publications can help illuminate the evolution and trends in digital medicine over the past 25 years.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a detailed network analysis of JMIR’s publications to uncover the growth patterns, dominant themes, and potential future trajectories in digital health research.

Methods

We retrieved 8068 JMIR papers from PubMed using the Biopython library. Keyword metrics were assessed using accuracy, recall, and F1-scores to evaluate the effectiveness of keyword identification from Claude 3 Opus and Gemini 1.5 Pro in addition to 2 conventional natural language processing methods using key bidirectional encoder representations from transformers. Future trends for 2024-2026 were predicted using Claude 3 Opus, Google’s Time Series Foundation Model, autoregressive integrated moving average, exponential smoothing, and Prophet. Network visualization techniques were used to represent and analyze the complex relationships between collaborating countries, paper types, and keyword co-occurrence.

Results

JMIR’s publication volume showed consistent growth, with a peak in 2020. The United States dominated country contributions, with China showing a notable increase in recent years. Keyword analysis from 1999 to 2023 showed significant thematic shifts, from an early internet and digital health focus to the dominance of COVID-19 and advanced technologies such as machine learning. Predictions for 2024-2026 suggest an increased focus on artificial intelligence, digital health, and mental health.

Conclusions

Network analysis of JMIR publications provides a macroscopic view of the evolution of the digital health field. The journal’s trajectory reflects broader technological advances and shifting research priorities, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The predicted trends underscore the growing importance of computational technology in future health care research and practice. The findings from JMIR provide a glimpse into the future of digital medicine, suggesting a robust integration of artificial intelligence and continued emphasis on mental health in the postpandemic era.
Nurses’ and Nursing Assistants’ Experiences With Teleconsultation in Small Rural Long-Term Care Facilities: Semistructured Interview Pilot Study
Authors: Nabelsi Veronique , Leclerc Marie Chantal , Plouffe Véronique
Published: November 2024

Background

In Quebec, the shortage of nurses during night shifts compromises the safety and quality of resident care, particularly in small residential and long-term care centers (“Centres d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée”; CHSLDs) located in rural areas. The need to ensure the continuous presence of nurses 24 hours a day in CHSLDs has become more pressing, forcing some facilities to implement exceptional measures such as on-call telephone services to ensure access to a nurse. In light of these challenging circumstances, the Direction nationale des soins et des services infirmiers of Quebec’s Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux has rolled out a teleconsultation pilot project.

Objective

This study aims to explore nurses’ and nursing assistants’ experience of integrating teleconsultation during night shifts in rural CHSLDs with ≤50 residents.

Methods

The 6-month pilot project was rolled out sequentially in 3 rural CHSLDs located in 2 administrative regions of Quebec between July 2022 and March 2023. A total of 18 semistructured interviews were conducted with 9 nurses and nursing assistants between February and July 2023.

Results

Participants’ experiences revealed that teleconsultation provided significant added value by improving clinical, administrative, and organizational practices. Some practices remained unchanged, indicating stable workflows. Workflow optimization through an expanded scope of practice ensured efficient and safe continuity of care. Enhanced collaboration between nurses and nursing assistants led to improved care coordination and communication. The leadership played a significant role in clarifying professionals’ roles and in supporting effective adaptation to teleconsultation.

Conclusions

This pilot project represents a significant step forward in improving care for CHSLD residents in Quebec. Teleconsultation not only makes it possible to overcome recruitment challenges and ensure the continuous presence of nurses during night shifts but also optimizes professional practices while ensuring the safety and quality of care provided to residents.
Impact of Image Content on Medical Crowdfunding Success: A Machine Learning Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Renwu , Xu Huimin , Zhang Xupin
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

As crowdfunding sites proliferate, visual content often serves as the initial bridge connecting a project to its potential backers, underscoring the importance of image selection in effectively engaging an audience.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to explore the relationship between images and crowdfunding success in cancer-related crowdfunding projects.

METHODS

We used the Alibaba Cloud platform to detect individual features in images. In addition, we used the Recognize Anything Model to label images and obtain content tags. Furthermore, the discourse atomic topic model was used to generate image topics. After obtaining the image features and image content topics, we built regression models to investigate the factors that influence the results of crowdfunding success.

RESULTS

Images with a higher proportion of young people (β=0.0753; P<.001), a larger number of people (β=0.00822; P<.001), and a larger proportion of smiling faces (β=0.0446; P<.001) had a higher success rate. Image content related to good things and patient health also contributed to crowdfunding success (β=0.082, P<.001; and β=0.036, P<.001, respectively). In addition, the interaction between image topics and image characteristics had a significant effect on the final fundraising outcome. For example, when smiling faces are considered in conjunction with the image topics, using more smiling faces in the rest and play theme increased the amount of money raised (β=0.0152; P<.001). We also examined causality through a counterfactual analysis, which confirmed the influence of the variables on crowdfunding success, consistent with the results of our regression models.

CONCLUSIONS

In the realm of web-based medical crowdfunding, the importance of uploaded images cannot be overstated. Image characteristics, including the number of people depicted and the presence of youth, significantly improve fundraising results. In addition, the thematic choice of images in cancer crowdfunding efforts has a profound impact. Images that evoke beauty and resonate with health issues are more likely to result in increased donations. However, it is critical to recognize that reinforcing character traits in images of different themes has different effects on the success of crowdfunding campaigns.
Transforming Informed Consent Generation Using Large Language Models: Insights, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned for Clinical Trials (Preprint)
Authors: Shi Qiming , Luzuriaga Katherine , Allison Jeroan J. , Oztekin Asil , Faro Jamie M. , Lee Joy L , Hafer Nathaniel , McManus Margaret , Zai Adrian H
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Informed consent forms (ICFs) for clinical trials have become increasingly complex, often hindering participant comprehension and engagement due to legal jargon and lengthy content. The recent advances in large language models (LLMs) present an opportunity to streamline the ICF creation process while improving readability, understandability, and actionability.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Mistral 8x22B LLM in generating informed consent forms with improved readability, understandability, and actionability. Specifically, we evaluate the model's effectiveness in generating ICFs that are readable, understandable, and actionable while maintaining the accuracy and completeness.

METHODS

We processed four clinical trial protocols from the institutional review board (IRB) of UMass Chan Medical School using the Mistral 8x22B model to generate key information sections of ICFs. A multidisciplinary team of eight evaluators, including clinical researchers and health informaticians, assessed the generated ICFs against human-generated counterparts for completeness, accuracy, readability, understandability, and actionability. Readability, Understandability, and Actionability of Key Information (RUAKI) indicators, which include 18 binary-scored items, were employed to evaluate these aspects, with higher scores indicating greater accessibility, comprehensibility, and actionability of the information. Statistical analysis, including Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) calculations, were employed to compare outputs.

RESULTS

LLM-generated ICFs demonstrated comparable performance to human-generated versions across key sections, with no significant differences in accuracy and completeness (P > .10). The LLM outperformed human-generated ICFs in readability (RUAKI score of 76.39% vs. 66.67%, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 7.95 vs. 8.38) and understandability (90.63% vs. 67.19%, P = .02). The LLM-generated content achieved a perfect score in actionability compared with the human-generated version (100% vs. 0%, P < .001). ICC for evaluator consistency was high at 0.83 (95% CI [0.64, 1.03]), indicating good reliability across assessments.

CONCLUSIONS

The Mistral 8x22B LLM significantly improves the readability, understandability, and actionability of ICFs without sacrificing accuracy or completeness. LLMs present a scalable, efficient solution for ICF generation, potentially enhancing participant comprehension and consent in clinical trials.
Evaluation of ethanolic extract of Piper methysticum leaves on anxiolytic activity of mice
Authors: Shallvi Dr , Malhotra Meenakshi , Saruchi Dr , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: November 2024

The ethanol extract of Piper methysticum, commonly known as kava, has shown promising results in reducing anxiety. Studies suggest it may have anxiolytic effects, potentially offering a natural alternative to conventional anxiety treatments. The ethanolic extract of Piper methysticum can increase the duration of action. It can also increase the time spent in open arm, entry in open arm (in elevated plus model) as well as increase the time spent in light field (in Light Dark field) thus we can conclude that it can also possesses Anxiolytic action. The ethanolic extract of Piper methysticum possesses an anxiolytic like activity without sedative side effect. The corticosterone level in mice is increased when they got anxiety.  So when the plasma corticosterone level of mice is checked in control group its turn out to be 10.28±0.52. It gets decreased with increase in doses. When treated with low dose of Aqueous extract is 7.28±1.44 is less effective than low dose of Ethanolic extract that is 6.22±1.28. Same as that high dose of extract shows the corticosterone level was 6.24±2.28 which was also less effective than high dose of ethanolic extract which was 5.52±0.32. Most effectively stress was decreased when treated with the Standard drug (Alprazolam) which shows plasma corticosterone level was 1.24±0.36. The mice of Piper methysticum extract (300 &600 mg/kg/ p.o.) treated group showed significantly (p<0.05) increased in body water intake as compared to the control group. Results showed that synthesized extract is very effective for the treatment of anxiety.
Keywords: Piper methysticum; anxiolytic activity; Anthraquinones; Light Dark model
Hesperetin attenuates neuroprotective effect against 3-Nitropropionic acid induced Huntington’s disease-like behavioral symptoms in rats
Authors: Etukuri Nagarjuna Babu , Avula Prameela Rani
Published: November 2024

The disease Huntington’s (HD) is an autosomal neurologic disorder characterized by inexorable loss of nerve cells in the brain accompanied with cognitive, motor and psychiatric disorders. In the present study, 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP), an inhibitor of mitochondrial citric acid cycle results in symptoms like HD. Hesperetin(HSP) is a flavanone rich in citrus species which possess neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective role of HSP against 3-NP induced symptoms. Pre-treatment of animals with HSP/normal saline for 7 days and from 8th day, 3-NP (10mg/kg) was co-administered with HSP. It is continued for 21 days of the treatment schedule. At the end day of the study, the results showed that HSP improved all the cognitive, motor and psychiatric symptoms induced by 3-NP significantly. Hence, these findings show the protective effect of HSP against 3-NP induced neurological disorder.
Keywords: Huntington’s disease, Hesperetin, 3-Nitropropionic acid,
Does institutional holders’ approval really matter? An examination of Israel’s binding vote on CEO compensation, from directors’ point of view
Authors: Barak Erez , Bar-Hava Keren
Published: November 2024

This study examines the implications of mandatory shareholder approval for chief executive officer (CEO) compensation in Israel, following the “say-on-pay” (SOP) framework. Through the utilization of a binding voting framework, shareholders evaluate the effectiveness of CEO compensation structures. A survey involving 106 Israeli directors occupying diverse board positions, including external, independent, regular, and chair positions, reveals that external directors demonstrate a greater appreciation for institutional votes. This highlights their acknowledgment of institutional perspectives and underscores the critical significance of fostering effective communication between boards and institutional stakeholders to strengthen corporate governance frameworks. The study emphasizes the pivotal role of dialogue in enhancing governance structures through a nuanced examination of challenges in executive compensation governance
Menakar Pencatatan Perkawinan di Indonesia Perspektif Kaidah Fiqhiyyah: Antara Legalitas Negara dan Keabsahan Syariah
Authors: Setyawan Rahmad
Published: November 2024

This research examines marriage registration in Indonesia through the lens of fiqhiyyah principles, exploring its role in determining marriage validity. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this library-based study draws data from various sources, including books, journals, scholarly works, the Qur'an, hadith, dictionaries, encyclopedias, laws, court decisions, and other available documents. The findings reveal two primary perspectives on marriage registration: one views it as a non-essential administrative step that serves merely as evidence of marriage, while the other sees it as an additional requirement for marriage validity. Despite these differing opinions, fiqhiyyah principles emphasize that marriage registration, although not a determinant of validity, is a legal obligation that all Indonesians must observe. This requirement is grounded in the principles of promoting welfare and preventing harm. Thus, marriage registration serves as a means to support these goals, ensuring that state legality and sharia validity align to fulfill the objectives of marriage.
Interpretable Machine Learning-based Radiation Emulation for ICON
Authors: Hafner Katharina , Iglesias-Suarez Fernando , Shamekh Sara , Gentine Pierre , Giorgetta Marco A. , Pincus Robert , Eyring Veronika
Published: November 2024

The radiation parameterization is one of the computationally most
expensive components of Earth system models (ESMs). To reduce
computational cost, radiation is often calculated on coarser spatial or
temporal scales, or both, than other physical processes in ESMs, leading
to uncertainties in cloud-radiation interactions and thereby in
radiative temperature tendencies. One way around this issue is the
emulation of the radiation parameterization using machine learning which
is usually faster and has good accuracy in a high dimensional parameter
space. This study investigates the development and interpretation of a
machine learning based radiation emulator using the ICOsahedral
Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model with the RTE-RRTMGP radiation code which
calculates radiative fluxes based on the atmospheric state and its
optical properties. With a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory
(Bi-LSTM) architecture, which can account for vertical bidirectional
auto-correlation, we can accurately emulate shortwave and longwave
heating rates with a mean absolute error of
$0.049~K/d\,(2.50\%)$
and
$0.069~K/d\,(5.14\%)$
respectively. Further, we analyse the trained neural networks using
Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and confirm that the networks have
learned physical meaningful relationships among the inputs and outputs.
Notably, we observe that the local temperature is used as a predictive
source for the longwave heating, consistent with physical models of
radiation. For shortwave heating, we find that clouds reflect radiation,
leading to reduced heating below the cloud.
Consequences of a Two-Tiered Regulatory Model: Evidence from Audit Fees and Changes in Foreign Private Issuer Status
Authors: Burnett Brian M. , Jørgensen Bjørn N. , Pollard Troy J.
Published: November 2024

The U.S. SEC permits exemptions from U.S. domestic securities regulation for foreign-domiciled firms that qualify as foreign private issuers (FPIs). We study the impact on audit fees when foreign-domiciled firms lose or gain FPI status for a plausibly exogenous reason while maintaining their cross-listing status. After losing FPI status, foreign firms must comply with corporate governance, financial statement reporting, and insider trading disclosure requirements of U.S. domestic issuers. We find that FPI status is associated with lower cross-listing costs, as evidenced by significant audit fee increases when firms lose FPI status. Notably, we find that the benefit of FPI status is more pronounced among firms from countries with robust governance standards. Conversely, for firms from countries with weaker governance standards, compliance with U.S. corporate governance requirements correlates with reduced audit fees, offsetting increased audit fees arising from compliance with financial statement requirements and insider information disclosure.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.
Internal and External Social Capital of Big 4 Audit Offices
Authors: Cardinaels Eddy , Khoo Eunice S. , Kuang Yu Flora , Lee Gladys , Qin Bo
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of social capital within and outside Big 4 audit offices on audit quality. We find that higher levels of internal and external social capital correlate with improved audit quality, indicating that social capital functions as a bond and a bridge in enhancing auditor performance. Additional analysis suggests that audit-office social capital also helps enhance audit efficiency. Furthermore, we examine the interaction between internal and external social capital, revealing that increased external social capital in audit offices with strong internal social capital is associated with higher audit quality. Our research provides valuable insights for audit offices aiming to optimize their performance outcomes effectively.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: M42.
Submit-to-Accept Times in Accounting: Determinants and Comparisons to Other Business Disciplines
Authors: Hurley Patrick J. , Gal-Or Ronen , Knechel W. Robert , Pesch Heather L.
Published: November 2024

We use hand-collected data to analyze submission-to-acceptance (STA) times in the top-tier accounting journals relative to other top-tier business journals from 1993 through 2021. We find that, vis-à-vis other business disciplines, STA times at top-tier accounting journals were shorter in the first half of our sample period and significantly longer thereafter. We also observe shorter STA times for articles with authors from more highly ranked institutions; this effect exists only in top-tier accounting journals and has increased over time. In additional analyses, we find that our primary inferences are unchanged when considering maturity of initial journal submissions, journal-level democratization, and review process improvements related to paper quality. Our results should be of interest to researchers, journal editors, reviewers, provosts, deans, and tenure and promotion committees.

Data Availability: The data used in this study are available from the sources indicated herein.
Do Information Processing Costs Matter to Regulators? Evidence from U.S. Mortgage Companies’ Supervision
Authors: Even-Tov Omri , Su Andy , Wang K. Philip
Published: November 2024

We examine the impact of reducing information processing costs on U.S. state regulators who supervise mortgage companies. State regulators traditionally disclosed enforcement actions only on their individual websites. A centralized repository, introduced in 2012, assembled enforcement records across states in one place, reducing a regulator’s cost to learn about enforcements in other states. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find that enforcement records posted on the centralized repository significantly increase the probability of subsequent enforcement actions against the same firm in other states. This suggests that reducing information processing costs helps state regulators identify companies engaging in misconduct. This effect is stronger for records from state websites where information is harder to process and for state regulators with more limited resources. Last, we observe that sanctioned lenders reduce the credit supply in other states after their enforcement records in one state are posted on the centralized repository.

JEL Classifications: G21; G18; K2; M4.
Interoceptive Awareness Is Associated With Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Matus Austin M. , Riegel Barbara , Rickels Michael R.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

To assess the association between impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) and interoceptive awareness in type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 154 adults with type 1 diabetes completed IAH surveys and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, Version 2 (MAIA-2). Logistic regression was performed for assessment of associations between IAH and MAIA-2, accounting for covariates.

RESULTS

Significant relationships were observed between IAH and two MAIA-2 scales. Each 1-point increase on the Not-Worrying subscale was associated with 87% increased odds of IAH (odds ratio 1.87, CI 1.01–3.46) and on the Attention Regulation subscale was associated with 72% decreased odds of IAH (0.28, 0.12–0.66). Compared with scoring >90th percentile for Attention Regulation, scoring <10th percentile and scoring in the 10th–90th percentiles were associated with 71-fold (71.26, 3.42–1482.10) and 12-fold (12.73, 1.19–135.57) increased odds of IAH, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Less worry about and reduced ability to sustain and control attention to body sensations were associated with significantly increased odds of IAH.
First-Generation Anti-Obesity Medications
Authors: Barenbaum Sarah R. , Aras Mohini
Published: November 2024

The development of second-generation anti-obesity medications (AOMs) has transformed the treatment of obesity. However, the first-generation AOMs are still essential tools in the treatment of obesity. The decision of which AOM to initiate must be individualized taking into account patient preference, safety, tolerability, cost, and supply.
Future Medications for Obesity and Clinical Implications
Authors: Garvey W. Timothy
Published: November 2024

Semaglutide and tirzepatide have recently been approved for obesity and found to achieve ≥15% weight loss in clinical trials. These drugs have been referred to as second-generation medications because the unprecedented degree of weight loss they afford is sufficient to treat or prevent a broad array of obesity complications and related diseases. Many other medications are in development based on the actions of nutrient-regulated hormones (NRHs), including mono-, dual-, and triple-receptor agonists/antagonists for glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, amylin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and glucagon. Clinical trial evidence is accumulating that these medications ameliorate multiple biomechanical, metabolic, and vascular complications of obesity. These tools enable a comprehensive complications-centric approach to care within the contextual framework of the diagnostic term adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD). The potential to reduce patient suffering and the huge social burden of ABCD is profound. The current era of drug development based on NRHs could represent a landmark in the history of medicine provided that societies ensure access to these medications for the patients who need them.
Pediatric Obesity Treatment: Considerations for Diabetes Educators and Clinicians
Authors: Laroche Helena H. , Fernandez Cristina , Sweeney Brooke R. , Dreyer Gillette Meredith L. , Hampl Sarah E.
Published: November 2024

Prevalence rates of pediatric obesity and diabetes are rising, and pediatric health care professionals are ideally situated to address these chronic diseases using a patient- and family-centered approach. This article reviews key elements of evaluation that can inform treatment and emphasizes a comprehensive, team-based strategy. Treatment begins with motivational interviewing and building a foundation of intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment, followed by pharmacotherapy and metabolic and bariatric surgery, when indicated.
Increased COX6A2 promotes pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and is suppressed in diabetic GK rats after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Kong Xiangchen , Yan Dan , Shao Lianqi , Li Bingfeng , Lv Simian , Tu Yifan , Zhang Yingqi , Shu Xingsheng , Ying Ying , Ma Xiaosong
Published: November 2024

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been shown to inhibit β-cell apoptosis, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2 (COX6A2) is expressed in β-cells. Here, we sought to investigate the role of COX6A2 in β-cell apoptosis, especially following RYGB. We found that RYGB significantly reduced β-cell apoptosis, accompanied by decreased COX6A2 expression in islets from diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. It is noteworthy that overexpression of COX6A2 promoted β-cell apoptosis, whereas COX6A2 deficiency suppressed it, suggesting the pro-apoptotic role of COX6A2 in β-cells. Mechanistically, increased COX6A2 interacted with and upregulated the expression of cyclophilin D (CypD), facilitating the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, thereby promoting β-cell apoptosis. Furthermore, high-glucose-activated ChREBP epigenetically regulated COX6A2 expression by recruiting histone acetyltransferase p300 to augment histone H3 acetylation at the Cox6a2 promoter, a process inhibited by GLP-1 signaling. Given that RYGB enhances GLP-1 signaling, RYGB is likely to deactivate ChREBP by boosting GLP-1/PKA signaling, thereby reducing COX6A2 expression in islets from GK rats. These findings highlight the crucial role of the GLP-1/PKA/ChREBP axis-controlled COX6A2 in β-cell apoptosis, revealing a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying the reduction in β-cell apoptosis induced by RYGB.
Psoriasis en el adulto y principales factores de riesgo para su presentación. Una revisión de la literatura
Authors:   Estudiante de Medicina de la Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador., Monge Roque Karla Merari , Benenaula Cabrera Ariana Belén ,   Estudiante de Medicina de la Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador., Lojano Arce Nathaly Valeria ,   Estudiante de Medicina de la Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador., León Coronel Joe Alexander ,   Estudiante de Medicina de la Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador., Briones Morales Victor Euclides ,   Profesor de la Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador.
Published: November 2024

La psoriasis es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por inflamación que tiene múltiples factores causales. En el presente trabajo, mediante revisión de la literatura se examina la incidencia de diversos factores de riesgo en el curso y exacerbación de esta enfermedad en pacientes adultos. Se analizan tanto factores inmodificables como la predisposición genética, edad y sexo, así como factores variables que incluyen al consumo de alcohol, el tabaquismo, obesidad, sedentarismo y estrés psicológico. A consecuencia de no ser una enfermedad con una etiología identificada es de suma importancia evidenciar la asociación entre sus exacerbantes y determinar la importancia de factores ambientales, con el fin realizar un manejo integral, mejorar así el bienestar del paciente y sus expectativas de recuperación.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL: CONTEXTOS, EVOLUÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS E O POTENCIAL TRANSFORMADOR DA IA PARA ARQUITETURA, URBANISMO E DESIGN
Authors: Vieira Marcos Vinicius , Bremer Cynara Fiedler , Oliveira Géferson Diogo de , Silva Patrícia Raquel Yegros da
Published: November 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma breve contextualização histórica e uma análise tripartite da evolução tecnológica, além de introduzir os conceitos e fundamentos da inteligência artificial (IA). O objetivo é desmistificar esse campo do conhecimento para estudantes de arquitetura, urbanismo e design. A IA, com suas diversas aplicações, tem o potencial de revolucionar esses campos, oferecendo novas ferramentas e métodos para a criação e análise de espaços urbanos e edificações. Foi realizada uma análise qualitativa de ilustrações de uma cidade do livro Cidades Invisíveis, de Italo Calvino, geradas por meio de ferramentas de IA. Essas ilustrações foram comparadas com as descrições literárias para avaliar a precisão e a criatividade das representações geradas. A análise revelou que a IA pode capturar a essência das descrições de Calvino, ao mesmo tempo em que introduz novas interpretações visuais que podem inspirar arquitetos e designers. Além disso, o artigo discute as implicações éticas e práticas do uso da IA na arquitetura e no urbanismo, destacando a importância de uma abordagem crítica e informada. Conclui-se que, embora a IA ofereça inúmeras possibilidades, é essencial que os profissionais dessas áreas compreendam suas limitações e potencialidades para utilizá-la de forma eficaz e responsável.
ÉTICA E POLÍTICA: UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE A ANTIGUIDADE E A ATUALIDADE
Authors: Oliveira Géferson Diogo de , Bremer Cynara Fiedler , Domingos Daniel Quedes
Published: November 2024

Quando se fala sobre o tema ética e política, sempre há controversas, sendo o pensamento de que ambas não se misturam, no entanto que deveriam estar sempre juntas. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar sobre a ética na política, explicando como surgiu a política, o significado de ética e como ambas se relacionam. Também explicar a forma que os antigos começaram a pensar sobre o assunto ética na política e como esta mesma questão é vista nos dias de hoje. A relação entre ética e política é um dos temas mais antigos e que apesar de anos se passados ainda é um assunto discutido. O trabalho tem por base pesquisas em conceitos éticos elaborados pelos filósofos mais importantes da história.
The Role of Local Wisdom on the Tradition of the Prohibition of KEBO BALIK KANDANG Marriage as an Effort of Family Resilience in Bendo Village, Ponggok Sub-District, Blitar (Javanese Spiritually Perspective, Customary Law)
Authors: Harianto Totok , Arifin Mochammad , Khairun Nisa Zulia , Laili Afrohatul
Published: November 2024

Kebo Balik Kandang marriage is said to be a mythical procession in the community where the bride is prohibited from marrying a man who lives in the same region as her biological father. This means that even though the bride comes from a village outside the region, if there is a track record of the bride’s village-born origin categorized as a Kebo Balik Kandang marriage type design, mythically it has a significant influence on the pattern of her family’s resilience. Family resilience means managing physical and non-physical resources and facing problems with the aim of achieving a quality family as a foundation in maintaining national resilience. Research in Bendo Village aims to examine the community’s views on kebo balik kandang marriages and how they maintain household resilience. The results show that the perpetrators of kebo balik kandang marriages face many challenges in their marriage journey. However, there is one family who managed to live a good marriage through mutual submission, love, care, good communication, and pleasant interaction. According to Islamic studies, their marriage is in accordance with sharia and there are no prohibited blood ties.
The Authority of Bale Mediasi in the Settlement of Criminal Cases in West Nusa Tenggara Province (A Deliberative Approach)
Authors: Nurmadiah Geatriana
Published: November 2024

The settlement of criminal cases is the authority of law enforcement, in this case the police, prosecutors, and courts. In criminal law, penal mediation or diversion is also known, but the mediator is usually a law enforcement officer and is completed in law enforcement institutions, not in certain communities such as the West Nusa Tenggara Bale Mediasi. The research method used in this research is normative research with a statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of the research found that Bale Mediasi has the authority to resolve criminal cases as long as it does not conflict with statutory regulations, based on the spirit of restorative justice and diversion in Law Number 11/2012, local values, and handling cases through consensus procedures. So that an agreement between the parties is reached as referred to in Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution. The deed of peace in criminal cases produced through the mediation process at Bale Mediasi is final and binding. To strengthen the peace deed, it can be registered with the court to obtain executorial power. If no peace agreement is reached between the parties, the dispute settlement continues in accordance with applicable legal procedures in a professional and proportional manner. It is suggested that it needs to be clarified in regional regulation number 9 of 2019 concerning Bale Mediasi related to the type of religious civil disputes that can also be obtained to the religious court to obtain executorial power. In addition, it is necessary to hasten the signing of a memorandum of understanding between the Governor and the Head of the Regional Police, the High Prosecutor and the President of the High Court as the basis for the executorial deed of peace.
ON THE 80TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE BUKOVINIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY: SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: Gerush I. , Godovanets O. , Repchuk Y.
Published: November 2024

Bukovinian State Medical University is a leading institution of higher medical education in Ukraine, which will celebrate its 80th anniversary in October 2024. The priority direction of the university activity is scientifi c. During the years of its existence the university has created research infrastructure and opportunities for training scientifi c and pedagogical personnel in the specialties «221 Dentistry», «222 Medicine», «223 Nursing» and «228 Pediatrics». The University publishes 7 scientifi c and practical journals, 2 of which are A-rated. The Student Scientifi c Society and the Council of Young Scientists are actively working at the Bukovinian State Medical University. Today the Bukovinian State Medical University confi dently pursues the course of integration into the world scientifi c space. International scientifi c projects, cooperation with the leading research centers of the world, exchange of experience and knowledge – all this makes the University a real fl agship of medical science and practice.
ASPECTS OF LIVER ECHINOCOCCOSIS SURGERY
Authors: Rakhmanov K. , Radjabov J. , Davlatov S. , Khamdamov B. , Yanchenko S. , Navruzov R.
Published: November 2024

According to the WHO, «…at any given time, more than 1 million people worldwide are aff ected by echinococcosis…». Due to the lack of tendency to decrease the number of patients and the existence of endemic regions where the incidence rate varies from 1.2 to 9.0 per 100,000 population, this parasitic disease continues to be a serious medical and social problem. At the present stage, the diagnosis of echinococcosis does not present signifi cant diffi culties, mainly due to the emergence of non-invasive imaging methods, the informative value of the complex application of which reaches 95-100 %.Aim of the study. Improving the treatment results of patients with liver echinococcosis.Research materials. The study included 328 patients with liver echinococcosis admitted to the surgery department of the multidisciplinary clinic of the Samarkand State Medical University in the period from 2005 to 2023. Depending on the choice of treatment, the patients were divided into two groups: the comparison group consisted of 154 (46.9 %) patients treated from 2005 to 2012 and the main group included 174 (53.0 %) patients operated on from 2013 to 2023.Research results. Compared with the comparison group, in the main group of patients, intraoperative complications decreased from 6.5 to 2.3 %, and complications in the early postoperative period from 18.2 to 5.2 %. In the late postoperative period, the recurrence of the disease decreased from 16.2 % to 3.6 %.Conclusions. The introduction of improved surgical instruments into practice – a modifi ed puncture needle, a «basket clamp» allowed to level the risk of seeding of surrounding tissues with embryonic elements. The introduction of a device for the purpose of identifying hidden biliary fi stulas in the residual cavity after echinococcectomy from the liver reduced the number of bile leaks. With the introduction of a modifi ed method for eliminating the residual cavity after echinococcectomy from the liver, the number of complications during surgery and in the early postoperative period was minimized.
THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL SECOND SIGNAL SYSTEM ACTIVITY ON MOTHER-CHILD INTERACTIONS DURING THE VERBAL DEVELOPMENT STAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF WAR AND HEALTH CRISES
Authors: Znamenska T. , Lunev V. , Zbrozhyk Y. , Prudka L. , Zhuk O.
Published: November 2024

The transition from nonverbal to verbal communication in children is signifi cantly infl uenced by the maternal secondary signaling system. Current geopolitical and health crises, such as the war in Ukraine and post- COVID-19 syndrome, exacerbate maternal stress and may aff ect mother- child interactions and child development.Aim. The purpose of this study is to examine diff erences in the activity of the second signaling system between mothers who report diffi culties perceiving their children and those who do not, and to understand the impact of these diff erences on motherchild interactions during the child’s verbal developmental period.Materials and methods. The study involved 184 mothers, divided into two groups: 98 mothers who reported diffi culties in perceiving their children and 86 mothers who did not. The The Questionnaire for Assessing the Activity of the Second Signal System (Language and Cognitive Test: How Well Do You Understand and Communicate?) (Lunov, 2023) was used to evaluate the activity of the second signal system across eight subscales corresponding to diff erent cytoarchitectonic fi elds. Independent samples t-tests were conducted to compare the mean scores of each subscale and the overall integral index between the groups. Results. Signifi cant diff erences were found on all subscales and the integral index, indicating notable discrepancies in the activity of the second signaling system between the two groups. Mothers who reported diffi culties had consistently lower scores, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to support their communication and interaction with their children. Discussion. The fi ndings highlight the critical role of the second signaling system in maternal perception and interaction. The combined eff ects of war-induced trauma and post- COVID-19 syndrome exacerbate these challenges and underscore the need for comprehensive support programs. Findings from studies underscore the importance of addressing transgenerational attachment factors and maternal mental health to improve mother- child relationships and promote healthy developmental outcomes.
COMPLEX PHYSICAL THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS
Authors: Dorofieieva O. , Yarymbash K. , Kylymnyk I. , Glynyana O. , Pavlović R. , Skrypchenko I. , Padalko Y.
Published: November 2024

Adhesive capsulitis is predominantly an idiopathic condition and is more common in patients with metabolic disorders. PS contracture can be of varying degrees of severity, depending on the pathology of the PS with which we are dealing. This condition greatly aff ects work capacity and quality of life due to the presence of pain, discomfort and limitation of daily life activities. Prolonged pain syndrome can provoke sleep disorders and depression. Disruption of normal sleep, pain and depression form a pathological closed circle and contribute to the maintenance of the pathological process in the locus morbi.The development of a comprehensive program of physical therapy for patients with adhesive capsulitis with the use of modern means of recovery, which will reduce the risk of the disease re-emerging, and will also contribute to the faster recovery of the functional capacity of the musculoskeletal system of the patients.The objective of the study. The develop and practically substantiate a comprehensive program of therapy for patients with adhesive capsulitis using physical therapy.Materials and Research Methods. The study is based on a comprehensive therapeutic approach for 36 patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis in the acute phase of the condition. The assessed parameters included X-ray and computed tomography results, evaluation of range of motion in the shoulder joint, joint- muscle apparatus, and analysis of pain intensity indicators.Conclusions. To improve the condition of patients and optimize the process of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint in the acute period, it is advisable to use with the diff erentiation of means of therapeutic intervention according to the diagnosis of the international classifi cation of functioning, optimization of physiotherapeutic means and special means of physical therapy allowed to shorten the terms of treatment and recovery of patients with adhesive capsulitis. It was determined that the best combination of means of therapeutic intervention for patients with adhesive capsulitis is the use of a complex of ideomotor exercises to create the patient’s idea of correct movement; correct positioning of the limb during sleep, everyday and professional activity; passive exercises to increase the volume of painless movements (bending, external rotation); restorationof the pattern of typical motor actions and optimization of physiotherapeutic means due to the use of shock wave and TENS therapy signifi cantly improved the eff ectiveness of their recovery in the short-term and long-term stages of the acute period of rehabilitation.