bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of school closure during COVID-19 pandemic on school-going children in a rural population of Haryana: A qualitative study
Authors: Mandal Suprakash , Hasan Mohamed S. , Berry Parul , Sangeet  , Verma Saransh , Suryansh  , Bharadiya Vishwesh , Singh Tejbeer ,   MBBS Student Research Study Group, Kumar Rakesh , Yadav Kapil , Misra Puneet , Salve Harshal Ramesh
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The Government of India undertook several measures for COVID-19 pandemic, of which school closure was one. This led to sudden shift of teaching methods from classroom-based to online mode. This study aimed to understand the effects of school closure on children during lockdown period.

Methods:

This was a community-based qualitative study conducted in Faridabad District, Haryana, India, from January 2022 to February 2022. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) with school students of 8th standard and above and two FGDs with parents of school students below 8th standard were conducted. In-depth interviews were conducted with two school headmasters, two teachers, a Senior Medical Officer (SMO), District Education Officer (DEO), and District Elementary Education Officer (DEEO). Responses were recorded, transcribed, and reviewed to identify themes, and thematic analysis was done. Four major themes were framed—academic, physical, behavioral, and psychosocial.

Results:

Decreased academic performance, teacher-student interaction, and distraction from the study were found in academic domain. There was reluctance to go back to school reopening. Low physical exercise, irregular sleep cycles meal skipping, and increased screen time were noticed. Limited mid-day meal nutrition was available. Increased fear, anxiety, and loneliness were faced along with an increase in household quarrels and violence. An increase in the number of child marriages was also reported. Few students had positive impacts like improvement in hygiene practices, learning new hobbies, and skills.

Conclusion:

School closure had impact on the physical, mental, socio-behavioral, and academic aspects of school-going children. In case of similar events in the future, these impacts must be kept in mind by policymakers to achieve a balance between effective pandemic control and fruitful childhoods.
Menstruation and masculinity: Exploring the relationship between boys and menstruation
Authors: Jayamohan Anusree , Tomar Shashi P.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Menstruation is considered a “women’s” topic in India because the majority of studies on the subject solely include girls and women. Adolescent boys are excluded from this discussion, which obscures the fact that menstruation is a social epidemiological phenomenon with ingrained gender disparities. In order to motivate boys to contribute significantly to women’s health, research on their knowledge, attitudes, and experiences linked to menstruation, including socioeconomic factors, must be done. Reducing gender differences in adolescent health requires addressing this.

Objectives:

The study aims to explore the knowledge and attitudes of school-going adolescent boys in urban Jabalpur regarding menstruation, considering factors such as family structure and sociocultural practices.

Materials and Methods:

Qualitative data using focus group discussions with 25 boys, age group 13-17 years from Jabalpur Urban area, Madhya Pradesh was conducted. Data was analysed by thematic analysis.

Results:

There was a mixture of curiosity and embarrassment about menstruation. Many were misinformed and lacked correct knowledge. Most of the children gained information from either the parents or their peer group. Sex education is not given properly in most of the schools. Boys with either sisters or female friends has more knowledge and good attitude regarding menstruation.

Conclusion:

Our study highlights the need of improving Indian boys’ understanding and beliefs about menstruation by addressing the social determinants that influence their menstruation-related experiences.
Anal tuberculosis presented as chronic perianal abscess in an immunocompetent adult: A rare case report
Authors: Kumari Pratyaksha , Datta Ananda , Malik Archana , Sangma Lee Chang M. , Sawale Sumeet , Arya Abhinav Prakash , Das Sarthak
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

There are reported 7.5 million cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) (EPTB) worldwide and 19% in the South-East Asia region. Anal TB represents an exceedingly uncommon extra pulmonary manifestation of TB), occurring in fewer than 1% of individuals who acquire TB. The occurrence of perianal illness is extremely rare, accounting for 1% of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, while GI TB makes up less than 1% of all TB cases. The most prevalent manifestation is the development of a fistula in the anus, while the presentation as a perianal abscess is uncommon. We present a case of isolated perianal TB with no associated GI or pulmonary dissemination in the immunocompetent.
A comparative study between modified Bishop score and transvaginal sonography to predict successful induction of labor
Authors: Sinha Archana , Sinha Minakshi , Sharma Sushant K. , Prasad Dipali , Goel Neeru , Kumari Manisha
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Modified Bishop score (MBS) and cervical length determination by transvaginal sonography (TVS) are the two methods for predicting successful vaginal delivery based on pre-induction favourability of the cervix.

Aims and Objectives:

This study compared both methods for predicting successful vaginal delivery. The primary objective was to compare the predictive value of MBS and TVS in predicting successful induction of labor. The secondary objective was to obtain the cut-off score of MBS and TVS for successful induction of labor.

Methods:

A prospective study was done involving 100 pregnant women admitted for induction of labor. TVS was done to measure the cervical length before induction of labor. MBS was also calculated for all the patients. Labor was induced with prostaglandins. Labor induction was considered successful if there was an onset of uterine contractions and cervical dilatation within 24 h of induction.

Results:

For successful induction of labor, the cutoff of cervical length by TVS and MBS was 2.5 cm and 6, respectively. Cervical length assessment by TVS performed better than the MBS (sensitivity 61.8% vs. 28.9%, Specificity 95.8% vs. 100%).

Conclusion:

MBS and cervical length measurement by sonography both are good predictors of successful induction of labor. Cervical length measurement by TVS provides a better prediction of the likelihood of vaginal delivery.
EMMY trial: What we know and what we need to know
Authors: Jaiswal Arvind , Chaurasia Swati , Pradhan Akshyaya
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

SGLT-2 inhibitors are a class of antidiabetic drugs with additional cardiovascular benefits. Though initially developed for glycemic control, subsequent studies in the heart failure (HF) population also demonstrated positive outcomes. Currently, they are approved for use in HF with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction. More recently, encouraging data have emerged on acute HF. Following an episode of acute myocardial infarction, patients are also at high risk for developing HF and experiencing recurrent events despite optimal therapy. The PARADISE MI study failed to demonstrate any benefits of ARNI in this scenario. The EMMY trial explored the role of SGLT-2i in >450 odds patients with acute MI. At 26 weeks SGLT-2i (empagliflozin) use led to a higher fall in NT-pro-BNP levels compared to standard treatment. There was additional improvement in left ventricular echocardiographic parameters with empagliflozin too. However, it was a small trial, had a short follow-up and there were no clinical endpoints. But none the least, it attested to the safety of SGLT-2i in the post-MI scenario. Because the primary care physician frequently encounters patients in the post-MI scenario, the manuscript provides insights into their practice. Based on contemporary evidence, the universal use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients following acute MI is not warranted. A further role of these drugs in post-MI HF will be clarified in ongoing trials.
Challenges and barriers in conducting school-based physical activity research: A narrative review
Authors: Nagrale Sanket , Jiandani Mariya
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous mental and physical health benefits. But it has been observed that young people and children frequently participate in low levels of PA, which is especially noticeable when they progress from primary to secondary school. Thus, in order to improve physical health among school-going children, different schools should put in place school-based PA intervention programs. The researchers designing PA intervention protocols for school children encounter various challenges during implementation; hence, this narrative review determines the challenges and barriers faced by the researchers during data collection on PA of school-going adolescent children. The review highlighted the challenges encountered during implementation of school-based PA and fitness among school children. The key issues mentioned in the review involved problems related to communication with schools, recruitment of participants along with the informed consent, implementation and data collection, environment of school, and barriers to PA in school. The documentation of these difficulties can help advance knowledge of the researchers and their efficacy, which will finally result in the development of strengthened and close relationships with school-based educational institutions, leading to implementation of intervention protocols and enhancing physical fitness in school children.
A case of cognitive impairment in an ex-boxer
Authors: Yoshino Hiroshi , Takechi Hajime
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease related to the long-term consequences of repetitive cranial trauma. However, the CTE clinical phenotype has yet to be clearly defined. A 63-year-old man visited the hospital due to memory impairment. He was a former boxer. He scored 23 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed mild hippocampal atrophy. Reduced perfusion is identified in the bilateral frontal and parietotemporal lobes in cerebral blood flow on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). From detailed history taking, neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging, our case has not only suggestive probable CTE but also comorbid Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The diagnosis process of CTE is complex; therefore, detailed longitudinal history taking, neuropsychological testing and imaging were important.
Development of interprofessional educational module for understanding the musculoskeletal basis of sports injury
Authors: Bhardwaj Nikha , Ghatak Surajit , Nayyar Ashish Kumar , Banerjee Sumit , Gaur Ravi , Singh Kuldeep , Garg Pawan Kumar , Ramanathan Harihara Prakash , Prabhath Sushma
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Interprofessional education (IPE) is crucial in promoting a better understanding of collaborative practices within the healthcare system. Unfortunately, healthcare professionals are still working in isolation. To address this issue, a study was conducted to develop a module-based teaching and learning activity focusing on sports injuries and to promote IPE.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an IPE module.

Settings and Design:

An educational mixed-method study was conducted on 25 facilitators and 108 students.

Methods, Materials and Statistical Analysis:

The facilitators were interviewed for an assessment of the need for the IPE module. Qualitative analysis was done on the interview data. An interprofessional team was created to develop the sports injury prevention module (SIPM). The SIPM consisting of 11 objectives was developed and validated by experts. After the implementation of SIPM students’ performance was analysed with the help of pre and post-tests. The perception of students and facilitators about IP SIPM were recorded with the help of questionnaires.

Results:

Need assessment data showed that the facilitators were not very familiar with the concept of IPE. There was a significant increase in students’ performance with a P value ≤ 0.05 after learning with SIPM. Both facilitators and students agreed that module-based IPE increases students’ attentiveness and learning.

Conclusions:

For effective interprofessional educational collaboration for training students of the healthcare profession, there is a need for an interprofessional educational module. SIPM can enhance the learning of musculoskeletal anatomy and create awareness about sports injuries among students.
Sleep hygiene efficacy on quality of sleep and mental ability among insomniac patients
Authors: Varadharasu Sivasankari , Das Niyati
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Insomnia affects both quality of life and productivity at work, and it raises the risk of other diseases, such as depression, that coexist with insomnia. Nowadays, it is highly advised to treat insomnia with behavioral and psychological therapeutic methods to ensure the quality of your sleep.

Aim:

This study aimed to find the efficacy of sleep hygiene techniques in improving sleep quality and mental ability among insomnia clients.

Methods:

Self-structured questionnaires used to evaluate sleep quality and the McQuaig Mental Ability Test to test mental ability were used to collect data during the study’s six-week duration, which involved the recruitment of 50 participants using a purposive sample technique. A paired sample t-test and Pearson correlation were used for the statistical analysis.

Results:

Data analysis shows that sleep quality (t = 33.35) (P = 0.0000) and mental ability (t = 35.33) (P = 0.0001) are both highly significant at P =0.0001. Correlation regression data of sleep hygiene elements such as schedule, avoiding caffeine and beverages, relaxation routine, and sleep-stimulating environment shows that there is a positive correlation with the quality of sleep at r = 0.9, 0.89, 0.75, and 0.68, whereas P = 0.000, 0.01, and 0.023, respectively. Similar to this, there is a positive association between mental ability and good sleep habits such as a relaxing routine, a sleep-promoting environment, and a schedule with r = 0.91, 0.88, and 0.92, respectively, with P values of 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.001.

Conclusion:

The results of the study provide compelling evidence that good sleep hygiene can help enhance insomniacs’ mental ability and sleep quality. Furthermore, those with moderate levels of sleep quality, those between the ages of 18 and 38, and those with higher education benefited more than others.
Gujarati translation and adherence testing of Stretching and Strengthening of Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand (SARAH)
Authors: Patel Divya J. , Muruganantham Balaganapathy
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Stretching and strengthening for rheumatoid arthritis of the hand (SARAH) is a progressive and individually designed recommended treatment exercise program.

Aims:

The aim was to translate the SARAH hand exercise program into Gujarati and assess the adherence rate, usefulness, and understanding of the Gujarati SARAH exercise program.

Methods and Materials:

Mixed-method qualitative study was conducted among 25 participants at the outpatient departments of Institute Nadiad and Niruj Rheumatology Clinic, Gujarat, and via professional contact, a telephonic semi-structured interview was conducted among 13 participants using an interview guide, and interviews were audio-recorded following transcription verbatim. Overall adherence rates of 25 participants to a 12-week exercise program were determined using the cross-sectional method.

Statistical Analysis Used:

IBM SPSS software version 23.0 was used for analyzing quantitative data, and NVivo Plus version 11 was used for qualitative data.

Results:

The adherence rate was 97.22%. Participants completed all 72 sessions (n = 7) with an adherence rate of 100%. The least number of sessions completed was 25 (n = 2), with an adherence rate of 34% due to a lack of interest in exercising on a daily basis. Qualitative findings showed that the booklet is understandable, useful, and beneficial in terms of reducing symptoms and improving activities of daily life as well as occupational work.

Conclusion:

The translated strengthening and stretching for rheumatoid arthritis in the hand exercise booklet is effective and beneficial to patients who exercise at home. Participants can self-track their exercise by using dairy, which eliminates travel costs and attendance at clinic sessions.
Evaluation of health-related quality of life and adherence among pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients receiving either Bedaquiline or Delamanid regimen at a teaching hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Paikray Elisha , Pattnaik Manoranjan , Mishra Vedvyas , Abhisek Parida Ansuman , Pradhan Shweta Supriya , Rout Anima
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The foremost concern and challenge in managing drug-resistant tuberculosis is ensuring a high health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The effectiveness of pre-extensively drug-resistant (Pre-XDR) tuberculosis management hinges on patients adhering to therapy, a crucial factor in averting the development of drug-resistant strains, ultimately enhancing HRQoL.

Methodology:

This analytical longitudinal study spanned two years at a teaching hospital and involved collaboration between the Departments of Pharmacology and Pulmonary Medicine. A case record form was utilized to gather baseline data, encompassing patient demographics, medication details, WHO BREF HRQoL scores, and treatment adherence. Patients were classified as either adherent or nonadherent using three distinct criteria: the guidelines of the Revised National Tuberculosis Programme (RNTCP), the Morisky-Green-Levine Scale (MGLS), and the Batalla test. The sample size was determined based on 30% nonadherence rates from preliminary analysis of prior data, resulting in 86 patients included in the study. The association between the improvement of HRQoL score from the baseline with the predictor variables was assessed with a linear regression model. Comparison of nonadherence with the different predictors of the study population was assessed with binary logistic regression model.

Results:

Analysis of demographic data revealed no notable differences in age and BMI between the Bedaquiline and Delamanid groups. However, there was a gender-related difference in treatment distribution, with more men in the Bedaquiline group. Other factors, such as marital status, socioeconomic status, employment status, stigma/discrimination, comorbidity, and addiction, showed no significant differences between the groups. Comparing HRQoL scores at baseline and after six months showed substantial improvements in all domains, indicating a positive impact of the treatment. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong association between QoL improvement and adherence. Adherence patterns did not significantly differ between the two treatment groups, as assessed by various criteria. The patients with high stigma, newly diagnosed Pre-XDR cases, and the presence of adverse events had higher odds of nonadherence.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the substantial impact of Bedaquiline and Delamanid treatment on the HRQoL of Pre-XDR TB patients in Eastern India. Adherence to treatment plays a crucial role in improving QoL, and factors like stigma, newly diagnosed Pre-XDR patients, and adverse drug reactions influence adherence adversely. The findings emphasize the importance of patient support and education to enhance treatment outcomes.
Epidemiological analysis of Road Accident Data Management System (RADMS) data in Tamil Nadu, India from 2011 to 2016: Future directions for an integrated national database
Authors: Raghavan Kowshick , Muthappan Sendhilkumar , Ravi Karunya , Jothi Kathirvel , Shanmugasundaram Devika , Venkatasamy Vettrichelvan , Parasuraman Ganeshkumar , Ponnaiah Manickam
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Globally, road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the eighth leading cause of death, with an estimated 1.35 million deaths yearly. In India, road traffic accidents (RTAs) are one of the major causes of mortality among the younger generation. We analyzed Tamil Nadu’s comprehensive Road Accident Data Management System (RADMS) data and described the epidemiological indicators of RTI in this setting.

Methods:

We obtained the data from the RADMS database for 2011–2016 and used 2011 population census data to project and standardize for different age groups and genders to calculate incidence. We calculated average annual percentage changes (AAPC) with a 95% confidence interval for the whole period. We computed Joinpoint regression analysis for trends and calculated the age-adjusted incidence rate with standard error (SE) using R statistical computing software.

Results:

We included 3,67,094 RTAs and 5,50,447 RTIs. We observed that the incidence of RTAs and RTIs declined between 2011 and 2016. Most injured were males (82%) and aged 20–39 years (49%). The highest number of accidents occurred on the state highways (65.2%) and on Sundays (17%). Age-adjusted incidence (per 1,00,000) declined from 121.87 (SE 0.4) in 2011 to 92.73 (SE 0.34) in 2016 (AAPC = -4.5% (95% CI = -7.8 to -1)). The age groups 30–39 and 20–29 were 9.82 (z = 8.98; P < 0.05) and 9.02 (z = 8.65; P < 0.05) times at a higher risk compared to 0–9 years old. The motorcyclists (14–27 times; P < 0.05) and pedestrians (12–23 times; P < 0.05) had the maximum risk of RTIs.

Conclusion:

Young adults, drivers, motorcyclists, and pedestrians remain vulnerable populations for RTIs. More accidents occurred in the state highways and on Sundays. The analysis provides insights on RTIs and RTAs, which will be used to reduce the burden of RTIs and save millions of lives.
Impact of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein on metabolic syndrome in an elderly population: Findings from a hospital-based cross-sectional study in J&K, India
Authors: Masoodi Abdul Basit , Khuroo Suhaib A.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Due to affluent lifestyles, primary care physicians are concerned about metabolic syndrome (MetS). Inflammation and insulin resistance are caused by extra adipose tissue. Our study seeks to evaluate, taking into account numerous variables, the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels and MetS in adults aged 50+ in Northern Kashmir, India.

Materials and Methods:

In Northern Kashmir, India, a hospital-based cross-sectional study looked into the relationship between hsCRP and MetS in people over 50. The recruitment process included people looking for basic healthcare services. Utilising modified NCEP-ATP III criteria, MetS was established. The association between MetS and hsCRP levels was evaluated statistically while taking into account various variables.

Results:

The waist circumference, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia were all greater in those with MetS. While demonstrating decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), they also showed higher levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fasting plasma glucose. A study of correlations revealed a substantial inverse relationship between hsCRP and HDL-C. Elevated hsCRP levels were found to be substantially linked with MetS by the use of logistic regression, along with obesity, uric acid levels, hypertension, DM, and dyslipidemia. These results underline how crucial it is to keep an eye on these variables in order to recognize and treat MetS as soon as possible.

Conclusion:

Among this investigation, we found strong evidence that high- hsCRP, an independent risk factor for MetS, was present among middle-aged and elderly residents of the northern Kashmir region of India.
Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin: Uptake and challenges in rural Coimbatore
Authors: Natarajan Iswarya , Rajendran Kathiravan , Narayanan Seetharaman , Shanmugam Jeevithan
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related infectious diseases contribute to approximately 5% of the global disease burden. Despite sanitation being a human right, 673 million people worldwide had limited access to toilets. To tackle the same, Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin (SBM-G) was launched in 2014 to facilitate the construction of over 100 million individual household latrines (IHHLs) across India. However, literature evidence on acceptance of SBM-G in Tamil Nadu, particularly in Coimbatore, is scarce.

Objectives:

The primary objective was to investigate the utilisation of the SBM-G scheme and its associated factors in rural Coimbatore.

Materials and Methods:

In 2022, a mixed-methods study incorporating quantitative (using a purpose-designed questionnaire) and qualitative (using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) components was conducted among 60 SBM-G beneficiaries in Kovai Medical Center and Hospital Institute of Health Sciences and Research (KMCH IHSR)’s rural field practice area. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v23 and qualitative data using manual thematic content analysis.

Results:

Before IHHL construction, 93.7% of respondents practiced open-air defecation (OAD). The issues perceived with OAD were distance (28.8%) and privacy concerns (12.5%). After SBM-G implementation, 78.3% reported using the IHHL ‘all the time’, reflecting a substantial shift in behaviour. Most respondents received financial aid within about six months (INR 8,000), often in a single instalment. The majority had constructed their IHHLs before 2015. The expenditures incurred varied significantly, with 58.3% spending extra costs ranging between INR 10,000 and 30,000. Water supply to households significantly influenced IHHL usage.

Conclusion:

While rural villagers appreciate the SBM-G financial assistance for IHHLs, concerns about the inadequacy of the sanctioned amount for proper piped water supply and septic tanks persist. Nonetheless, there is a clear demonstration of positive behavioural change, marked by reduced OAD and increased IHHL usage.
Pair-matching: Link prediction with adaptive queries
Authors: Giraud Christophe , Issartel Yann , Lehéricy Luc , Lerasle Matthieu
Published: October 2024

The pair-matching problem appears in many applications where one wants to discover matches between pairs of entities or individuals. Formally, the set of individuals is represented by the nodes of a graph where the edges, unobserved at first, represent the matches. The algorithm queries pairs of nodes and observes the presence/absence of edges. Its goal is to discover as many edges as possible with a fixed budget of queries. Pair-matching is a particular instance of multi-armed bandit problem in which the arms are pairs of individuals and the rewards are edges linking these pairs. This bandit problem is non-standard though, as each arm can only be played once.Given this last constraint, sublinear regret can be expected only if the graph presents some underlying structure. This paper shows that sublinear regret is achievable in the case where the graph is generated according to a stochastic block model (SBM) with two communities. Optimal regret bounds are computed for this pair-matching problem. They exhibit a phase transition related to the Kesten–Stigum threshold for community detection in SBM. The pair-matching problem is considered in the case where each node is constrained to be sampled less than a given amount of times, for example for ensuring individual fairness. We show how optimal regret rates depend on this constraint. The paper is concluded by a conjecture regarding the optimal regret when the number of communities is larger than

2

. Contrary to the two communities case, we argue that a statistical-computational gap would appear in this problem.
ERRATUM: Multi-objective Optimization of Injection Molding Process
Based on One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network and the Non-dominated
Sorting Genetic Algorithm II
Authors: Hua Junyi , Fan Xiying , Guo Yonghuan , Zhang Xinran , Zhu Zhiwei , Zhang Lanfeng
Published: October 2024

ERRATUM
AIML Enabled Rapid Vehicle Aerodynamics Design Improvements
Authors: Bijjala Sridhar
Published: October 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies has significantly changed various industries. This study demonstrates the application of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to predict the drag coefficient of a complete vehicle profile. We have developed a design advisor that uses a custom 3D CNN with a U-net architecture in the DEP MeshWorks environment to predict drag coefficients (Cd) based on car shapes. This model understands the relationship between car shapes and air drag coefficients calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

The AI/ML-based design advisor feature has the potential to significantly decrease the time required for predicting drag coefficients by conducting CFD calculations. During the initial development phase, it will serve as an efficient tool for analyzing the correlation between multiple design proposals and aerodynamic drag forces within a short time frame. Additionally, the interactive AI/ML tool helps to streamline the creation of necessary shape parameters with minimal input and helps optimize the design of the vehicle to achieve the desired coefficient of drag values.

In summary, the implementation of MeshWorks AI/ML-based design advisor system will aid analysis engineers in assessing the vehicle's coefficient of drag values, while also enabling parametrization and optimization of the design. This advancement has the potential to significantly reduce processing time and alleviate the inherent procedural complexities associated with the traditional methods.
Synergistic 1-D and 3-D Analysis to Optimize the Performance and Reliability of the Reed Valve Used in Reciprocating E-Compressor
Authors: J Bharadwaj , T Sukumar , Pendyala Vamsi Krishna , Paul Pandian Adheenthran
Published: October 2024

With the advent of electric and hybrid drivetrain in the commercial vehicle industry, electrically driven reciprocating compressors have gained widespread prominence. This compressor provides compressed air for key vehicle systems such as brakes, suspension systems and other auxiliary applications. To be a market leader, such an E-compressor needs to meet a myriad of design requirements. This includes meeting the performance by supplying air at required pressure and flow rate, durability requirements and having a compact design while maintaining cost competitiveness. The reed valve in such a compressor is a vital component, whose design is critical to meet the aforementioned requirements. The reed valves design has several key parameters such as the stiffness, natural frequency, equivalent mass, and lift distance which must be optimized. This reed valve also needs to open and close rapidly in response to the compressor operating speed. Since it is the order of milliseconds, the valve is subjected to high velocity and impact force during this short time. A 1-D AMESim representation of the compressor has the reed valve modeled as an equivalent spring mass system. 3-D static structural analysis is performed using FEA tool to predict the stiffness, natural frequency and equivalent mass which acts as the input to the 1-D model. The overall performance of the compressor is then predicted through the 1-D Model simulation. The pressure data from this 1-D model is fed back to FEA to perform a 3-D transient dynamic analysis. The impact velocity and dynamic stresses induced during valve operation is studied to ensure reed valve durability. Optimization of the design parameters of reed valve is performed by synergistically combining the key insights from the AMESim performance outputs as well as the stiffness and dynamic stress prediction from FEA.
Modelling and Simulation Approach for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Components in Passenger Car Engine Mounting Brackets
Authors: Hazra Sandip , Khan Arkadip
Published: October 2024

The functionality of the Powertrain mount is to securely anchor the engine and gearbox within a vehicle, and effectively absorb vibrations, while simultaneously shielding the vehicle's body from powertrain movements and road irregularities. The mounts are supported by engine mount brackets, which serve as connectors between the engine mount and the vehicle's body-in-white (BIW), providing a structural link that secures the engine and gearbox assembly. Conventionally made with materials such as aluminum, sheet metal, or cast iron, a recent surge has been seen toward using a viable substitute in Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). This transition is driven by the potential to reduce weight and cost, while also improving Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the relative strengths of existing brackets compared to those made of FRP, with a focus on their modal response and crash resistance. Due to the absence of a standardized method for modelling orthotropic materials in powertrain mounting brackets, a systematic approach to address this gap is proposed in this paper. By conducting a comprehensive literature review, FRP was examined and contrasted with other conventional materials currently utilized. Subsequently, a series of stress-strain and eigenmode finite element method (FEM) analysis was performed to assess the performance of various materials and material models. Moreover, an analysis to determine the maximum injection pressure and maximum clamp force was conducted, serving as an integral part of validating manufacturability.

To validate the results, physical components were produced based on simulation outcomes and recommendations, followed by testing to confirm the correlation. A case study is presented as an illustrative demonstration of this methodology.
Towards Automation of Reference Data Generation for ADAS/AD Functions Development – ALiVA Framework
Authors: Mardhekar Amogh , Pawar Rushikesh , Mohod Rucha , Shirudkar Rohit , Hivarkar Umesh N.
Published: October 2024

The advancements towards autonomous driving have propelled the need for reference/ground truth data for development and validation of various functionalities. Traditional data labelling methods are time consuming, skills intensive and have many drawbacks. These challenges are addressed through ALiVA (automatic lidar, image & video annotator), a semi-automated framework assisting for event detection and generation of reference data through annotation/labelling of video & point-cloud data. ALiVA is capable of processing large volumes of camera & lidar sensor data.

Main pillars of framework are object detection-classification models, object tracking algorithms, cognitive algorithms and annotation results review functionality. Automatic object detection functionality creates a precise bounding box around the area of interest and assigns class labels to annotated objects. Object tracking algorithms tracks detected objects in video frames, provides a unique object id for each object and performs distance ranging.

A unique feature of cognitive algorithms is the elimination of non-realistic objects of interests which appear in billboards or advertisements on buses/trucks. The framework also has a feature of event detection like overtaking scenarios or pedestrians/animals crossing the roads.

Annotation review functionality is provided where assessment and correction of auto annotated data can be done manually. The results can be saved in standard file formats such as txt, csv, Json and open ASAM, ensuring compatibility across different systems.

ALiVA replaces traditional annotation methods, thereby reducing the effort, the need for skilled resources and the time required to annotate large datasets. This eliminates human biases, manual errors and inconsistencies.

ALiVA is validated for numerous customer requirements and offers a large amount and variety of data to quantify the benefits offered. Some of the distinguishing features are models and functionalities that are optimized for Asian road scenarios, which are typically characterized by very high road density. It is platform independent, adaptable to newer requirements, complements newer event definitions for data segmentation and works both in cloud environments for Data as a service and as a standalone desktop application.
IntelliDev: AI-Powered Command Line Tool for Developers
Authors: Dr. B. Rama Mohan  , Abhed Chainani  , A. Krishna Kartheek  , Ch. A. S. Praneeth  , Kaustubh Shakelli
Published: October 2024

— IntelliDev is a cutting-edge terminal tool designed specifically for developers, seamlessly
integrating advanced AI capabilities by harnessing the power of Language Models (LLMs). With a
strong focus on user accessibility, it features a user-friendly interface with predefined prompts
tailored for various AI-assisted tasks crucial to development. These tasks include conducting
thorough code reviews, automatically generating commit messages, and creating tests to enhance
code quality. IntelliDev promotes proactive development practices by simplifying coding workflows
without requiring extensive technical knowledge. It offers a streamlined and intuitive experience,
allowing developers to efficiently leverage AI while maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of
the development process.
PAPERLESS MEDICAL HISTORY APPLICATION
Authors: Dr. T. Sathish Kumar  , Nara Adithya Raj  , Myakala Sai Sudhir  , P Abhishek  , Vantakala Pooja
Published: October 2024

THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IS RAPIDLY EVOLVING TOWARDS IMPROVED EFFICIENCY,
ACCURACY, AND PATIENT-CENTRIC TREATMENT, DRIVEN BY THE ADOPTION OF DIGITAL
TECHNOLOGIES. CENTRAL TO THIS TRANSFORMATION IS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PAPERLESS
MEDICAL HISTORY APPLICATION (PMHA), WHICH IS THE APPLICATION TO STORE DIGITAL VERSIONS
OF PATIENTS' HEALTHCARE RECORDS. KEY COMPONENTS OF EHRS INCLUDE ADMINISTRATIVE
FUNCTIONS, COMPUTERIZED PHYSICIAN ORDER ENTRY, LAB REPORTS, PHARMACY SYSTEMS, AND
CLINICAL DOCUMENTATION.
The Paperless Medical History Application (PMHA), a state-of-the-art Electronic Health Records
(EHR) system, addresses these needs by providing a user-friendly interface and robust data
encryption, contributing to ecological sustainability. However, challenges such as security, patient
confidentiality, tampering with health records, system security, and stealing health data persist.
Future advancements like the usage of blockchain technology to record the transactions or data
entry of every change that the doctor makes are recorded and publicly available. So, there will be no
chance of tampering with data without the knowledge of the third person.
DEVELOPMENT OF LANDSCAPE STUDIES IN BELARUS: TRADITIONS AND MODERNITY
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Faculty of Geography and Geoinformatics, Department of Geographical Ecology, Minsk, Belarus, Hahina Natallia , Shchasnaya Iryna ,   Belarusian State University, Faculty of Geography and Geoinformatics, Department of Geographical Ecology, Minsk, Belarus, Martsinkevich Galina ,   Belarusian State University, Faculty of Geography and Geoinformatics, Laboratory of Landscape Ecology, Minsk, Belarus
Published: October 2024

The initial stage of studying the landscapes of Belarus was marked by the works of the well-known geographer, Professor A. A. Smolich (1925). The foundation and development of landscape research in the country took place at the Belarusian State University at the Department of Physical Geography (1934), which was renamed the Department of Physical Geography of the USSR (1961), and later became the Department of Geographical Ecology (since 1999).The development of landscape research in Belarus can be divided into several stages: 1) the publication of the first scientific works describing the geomorphological features of natural systems in Belarus (1920s–1930s); 2) the organization of initial research into the morphological structure of landscapes and the development of methods for their mapping (1950s); 3) the identification of patterns in the formation and spatial distribution of landscapes for their classification, and the organization, under the guidance of Professor V.A. Dementyev, of expeditions involving faculty members and students from the geography department, which collected data over 10 years in key areas with diverse landscape conditions (1960s–1970s); 4) the establishment of a scientific school of landscape research (1974); 5) the systematization of collected materials, development of structural-genetic classification of landscapes (1980s), with publication of the first landscape map of Belarus at a scale of 1:600,000, initiation of studies on anthropogenic landscapes, development of methods for their mapping and classification, and publication of scientific monographs “Anthropogenic Landscapes of Belarus and Bulgaria” (1983) and “Landscapes of Belarus” (1989); 6) the formation of anthropogenic landscape studies (1990s); 7) the integration of landscape and environmental research, studying problems related to anthropogenic transformation of landscapes (2000s–2010s); and 8) the enhancement of the environmental and geo-information component of landscape research, including mapping and environmental assessment of urban landscapes of Minsk, several industrial and small towns, conducting large-scale GIS mapping of national parks, and research on the formation characteristics of cultural landscapes in Belarus (2020s).
IMPLEMENTING PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE IN WETLAND MANAGEMENT: THE SEČOVLJE SALINA NATURE PARK, SLOVENIA
Authors:   Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Anton Melik Geographical Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Smrekar Aleš , Polajnar Horvat Katarina ,   Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Anton Melik Geographical Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: October 2024

Wetlands are dynamic ecosystems with significant ecological, social, and economic importance, often facing degradation due to human activities. The study introduces the concept of a Wetland Contract, a voluntary agreement aimed at ensuring sustainable wetland management through stakeholder participation. The Sečovlje Salina Nature Park serves as a case study to demonstrate this approach. The study follows a structured methodology comprising two main stages: preparation and implementation. The preparation stage includes analyzing the regulatory framework, describing the pilot area, and conducting a stakeholder analysis. The implementation stage involves organizing Territorial Labs, scenario planning, and developing the Wetland Contract. The Territorial Labs were public meetings designed to establish participatory governance, adapted to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The project targeted around 200 potential stakeholders in the hinterland of Sečovlje Salina Nature Park, with 34 participating in the Territorial Labs and 16 signing the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The MoU, a less binding form of the Wetland Contract, focused on systematic cross-sectoral participation to address conflicts between stakeholders with varying interests. The study highlighted the importance of stakeholder education and engagement, revealing that many stakeholders had limited knowledge and experience with inclusive governance processes. The study encountered challenges such as stakeholder unfamiliarity with the Wetland Contract concept and limited digital access, which excluded some groups from participation. Despite these obstacles, the participatory approach successfully facilitated dialogue and cooperation among stakeholders, demonstrating potential for broader applications in wetland governance. The study concludes that the Wetland Contract method, implemented through a participatory and inclusive approach, can effectively enhance wetland management. The Sečovlje Salina Nature Park case study illustrates the method’s potential to reconcile environmental protection with economic and social interests. The methodology’s adaptability to different contexts and its emphasis on stakeholder involvement make it a promising model for wetland governance in various regions.
ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS STRUCTURE OF MONTENEGRO’S POPULATION
Authors:   University of Montenegro, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Geography, Nikšic, Montenegro, Doderović Miroslav , Mijanović Ivan ,   University of Montenegro, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Geography, Nikšic, Montenegro
Published: October 2024

The population by nationality in Montenegro cannot be tracked in the first half of the 20th century, specifically until the census conducted after World War II. In the censuses of 1921 and 1931, the population was not categorized by nationality, but only by religion, language, and similar characteristics. Additionally, for comparing the population by national groups, the 1961 Census is the most suitable starting point, as it allows tracking the most numerous national groups according to the 2011 Census of population, households, and dwellings. For example, according to the 1953 Census, almost 2% of Montenegro’s population identified as Yugoslavs, while there were no inhabitants who identified as Muslims, a significant national group in Montenegro that began to officially declare themselves as such starting from 1961. The 2011 Census in Montenegro revealed a population of approximately 625,000 people, with 45% identifying as Montenegrins, 28% as Serbs, about 9% as Bosnians, 5% as Albanians, and 1% as Croats. The results indicate that the Montenegrin population is growing, while the number of Serbs has decreased. The largest group is Montenegrins at 45%, while Serbs make up 29%, showing an increase of 2% in those identifying as Montenegrins and a decrease of over 3% in those identifying as Serbs compared to the 2003 census. The proportion of Serbs in Montenegro increased significantly from 3.3% in 1981 to nearly 33% in 2003. In 2011, slightly under 43% of Montenegrin citizens spoke Serbian, whereas nearly 37% spoke Montenegrin. This reflects a 20% decrease in the proportion of citizens listing Serbian as their mother tongue since 2003, alongside a corresponding increase in those speaking Montenegrin. Despite this trend, 6% more citizens still speak Serbian. The 2023 census results show that 38% of the population identifies as Serbs, and around 52% speak Serbian as their mother tongue. This is a significantly higher percentage compared to the 2011 census. On the other hand, it suggests that the number of those identifying as Montenegrins decreased compared to the 2011 data when 43% of the citizens identified as Montenegrins. By religion, Montenegrin citizens are divided into: 72% Orthodox, 19% Muslim, and 3.5% Catholic. The remaining and atheist individuals each make up a little over one percent.