bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Differences in Hand Dominance by Testing Hand Preference Against Hand Performance
Authors: Idenya Pamela Mandela , Gichangi Peter , Julius A. Ogeng'o
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Populations are categorized as right-handed, ambidextrous, and left-handed; but handedness must be understood as having borderlines within its continuum. Typical measures of handedness based on hand use preference or hand performance testing give results which indicate no exclusive categories for hand dominance. Training of preclinical medical students in the performance of clinical techniques certainly requires the high levels of manual dexterity and invaluable hand-eye co-ordination, both of which are expected to influence the end result of hand dominance testing. However, the assessment during skills training is mostly subject to the efficiency of carrying out a given procedure, which inevitably depends upon the individual's dominant hand.

Material and Methods:

In this analytic cross-sectional study, the modified Edinburgh Handedness Inventory for hand preference and the Tapley and Bryden Dot-filling Tasks for hand performance were evaluated one against the other, to conclusively categorize hand dominance amongst 162 preclinical medical students.

Results:

Hand performance dominance was not dependent on subject gender. Tapley and Bryden Dot-filling Tasks and Geschwind Score (GS) Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) hand preference categories showed statistically significant differences (χ2 = 142.293, P < 0.001 at 95% confidence interval). Together, hand preference and hand performance testing complemented and reinforced the assessment of hand dominance. Tapley and Bryden Dot Filling Tasks in relation to GS EHI for the right hand had 90.7% sensitivity, 58.3% specificity, 96.5% precision value, and 88.3% accuracy. Discussion and

Conclusion:

The use of multiple measures to determine hand performance is a stronger predictor for evaluating hand dominance than relying on a unilateral measure. The number of previously performed procedures strongly influences the level of proficiency obtained in performing a specific task. Hand preference and performance must be considered together when assessing for potential differences in hand dominance testing.
Association of Chiari Type 1 Malformation and Cervical Spine Curve Changes
Authors: Alpaslan Muhammed , ×zkaçmaz Sercan , Dadali Yeliz , Uçar Ilyas
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

In this study, we aimed to examine the association of cervical spine curve abnormalities (loss of cervical lordosis or reversal of cervical curve) with Chiari Type 1 malformation (CM1). Further, a possible relation of syrinx formation in the cervical spinal cord and disc protrusion with CM1 was analyzed.

Material and Methods:

Cervical spinal magnetic resonance imagings of 998 patients were retrospectively screened for the presence of CM1. The frequency rates of syrinx formation within the spinal cord, cervical spinal curve changes, and cervical disc herniation among CM1+ and CM1− patients were compared.

Results:

Patients with CM1 have significantly higher rate of loss of cervical lordosis when compared with those who have not CM1. The syrinx formation rate was also found lower in the CM1+ patients with loss of cervical lordosis than in CM1+ patients with either normal cervical lordosis or reversed cervical curve. No significant difference was detected between CM1+ and CM1− patients regarding cervical disc herniation rate. Discussion and

Conclusion:

As the loss of cervical lordosis rate is higher in CM1, the patients with lateral X-ray findings of cervical lordosis flattening may be evaluated regarding typical neurological symptoms of syringomyelia.
Reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors with lifestyle intervention: Randomized controlled trial for efficacy among corporate workers
Authors: Adelowo Abiodun
Published: September 2021

Background: Cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 diabetes mellitus are two leading noncommunicable diseases globally. Mitigating their overlapping cardiometabolic risk factors have been identified as vital to the global effort to prevent and control these chronic diseases. Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of lifestyle education intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors. Subjects and Methods: A prospective, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized trial was used to conduct a 12-week lifestyle educational intervention on 184 corporate workers. The collected data were analyzed with analysis of covariance at 0.05 alpha level. Results: The treatment significantly improved the mean difference (all P < 0.05) of the intervention groups' fruits and vegetable consumption (0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.81), physical activity (0.38, 95% CI: 1.22–1.80), and attitude toward healthy living (22.3, 95% CI: 35.56–59.37). It also significantly reduced the mean difference of the participants' salt intake (0.39, 95% CI: 1.44–1.99), daily tobacco use (0.12, 95% CI: 1.70–1.96), alcohol consumption (0.31, 95% CI: 0.37–0.99), resting heart rate (−4.81 bpm, 95% CI: 77.89–84.65), systolic blood pressure (−5.52 mmHg, 95% CI: 117.9–127.61), diastolic blood pressure (−4.41 mmHg, 95% CI: 75.10–81.47), body mass index (−1.78, 95% CI: 24.58–27.65), waist circumference (−0.90 cm, 95% CI: 87.70–91.53), fasting blood glucose (−0.36 mmol/l, 95% CI: 4.84–5.48), total blood cholesterol (0.41 mmol/l, 95% CI: 4.41–5.19), and type 2 diabetes risk scores (−1.76, 95% CI: 5.25–8.86). Conclusion: Lifestyle education is an effective intervention program in reducing the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors among corporate workers.
Suprapatellar bursitis presenting as unilateral “Hot” patella sign on 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate skeletal scintigraphy
Authors: Kousik Vankadari , Ram Sai
Published: September 2021

“Hot” patella sign is a less commonly seen finding in bone scintigraphy defined as increased tracer activity in the patella greater than the ipsilateral distal femur and ipsilateral proximal tibia. We present a case of suprapatellar knee bursitis manifesting as unilateral “hot” patella sign on three-phase 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy. This case portrays the image findings of suprapatellar bursitis on three-phase bone scintigraphy.
On zero-free regions for the anti-ferromagnetic Potts model on bounded-degree graphs
Authors: Bencs Ferenc , Davies Ewan , Patel Viresh , Regts Guus
Published: September 2021

For a graph

G=(V,E)

,

k\in \mathbb{N}

, and complex numbers

w=(w_e)_{e\in E}

the partition function of the multivariate Potts model is defined as

\mathbf{Z}(G;k,w):=\sum_{\phi\colon V\to [k]} \prod_{\substack{e=uv\in E \\ \phi(u)=\phi(v)}}w_e,

where

[k]:=\{1,\ldots,k\}

. In this paper we give zero-free regions for the partition function of the anti-ferromagnetic Potts model on bounded degree graphs. In particular we show that for any

\Delta\in \mathbb{N}

and any

k\geq e \Delta+1

, there exists an open set

U

in the complex plane that contains the interval

[0,1)

such that

\mathbf{Z}(G;k,w)\neq 0

for any graph

G=(V,E)

of maximum degree at most

\Delta

and any

w\in U^E

. (Here

e

denotes the base of the natural logarithm.) For small values of

\Delta

we are able to give better results.

As an application of our results we obtain improved bounds on

k

for the existence of deterministic approximation algorithms for counting the number of proper

k

-colourings of graphs of small maximum degree.
Performance Comparison of LPG and Gasoline in an Engine Configured for EGR-Loop Catalytic Reforming
Authors: Szybist James , Pihl Josh , Hawa Hani , Roychoudhury Subir
Published: September 2021

In prior work, the EGR loop catalytic reforming strategy developed by ORNL has been shown to provide a relative brake engine efficiency increase of more than 6% by minimizing the thermodynamic expense of the reforming processes, and in some cases achieving thermochemical recuperation (TCR), a form of waste heat recovery where waste heat is converted to usable chemical energy. In doing so, the EGR dilution limit was extended beyond 35% under stoichiometric conditions. In this investigation, a Microlith®-based metal-supported reforming catalyst (developed by Precision Combustion, Inc. (PCI)) was used to reform the parent fuel in a thermodynamically efficient manner into products rich in H2 and CO. We were able to expand the speed and load ranges relative to previous investigations: from 1,500 to 2,500 rpm, and from 2 to 14 bar break mean effective pressure (BMEP). Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the H/C ratio of the fuel on H2 production and on the engine efficiency in order to compare E10 gasoline (H/C = 1.95) and liquified petroleum gas (LPG), comprised primarily of propane (H/C = 2.67). Additionally, the compression ratio of the engine was increased to ascertain whether further efficiency improvements could be realized based on a reduced knock propensity of the dilute EGR mixture with the reformed fuel. Both the gasoline and propane reforming strategies provided efficiency gains up to 1.85 percentage points and further efficiency improvements with the increased compression ratio were realized. The fuel specific effects of gasoline vs. LPG, the effect of engine operating condition on reforming, and knock limits of the reformed mixture are discussed in detail.
The Effect of Spark-Plug Heat Dispersal Range and Exhaust Valve Opening Timing on Cold-Start Emissions and Cycle-to-Cycle Variability
Authors: Jatana Gurneesh S. , Dal Forno Chuahy Flavio , Szybist James
Published: September 2021

The partnership for advancing combustion engines (PACE) is a US Department of Energy consortium involving multiple national laboratories and includes a goal of addressing key efficiency and emission barriers in light-duty engines fueled with a market-representative E10 gasoline. A major pillar of the initiative is the generation of detailed experimental data and modeling capabilities to understand and predict cold-start behavior. Cold-start, as defined by the time between first engine crank and three-way catalyst light-off, is responsible for a large percentage of NOx, unburned hydrocarbon and particulate matter emissions in light-duty engines. Minimizing emissions during cold-start is a trade-off between achieving faster light-off of the three-way catalyst and engine out emissions during that period. In this study, gaseous and soot emissions were measured at a distance representative of the three-way catalyst position downstream of the engine at a 2 bar net indicated mean effective pressure (NIMEP) steady-state operating condition representative of cold-start. The test matrix included sweeps of ignition timing 15 degrees-before to 10 degrees-after top dead center firing (TDCf) across three different spark-plug heat dispersal ranges (HR). Additionally, the effect of varying exhaust valve opening (EVO) timing on combustion stability and emissions was also studied. Results show that the spark plug HR affects the coefficient of variation (COV) of NIMEP under all cold-start conditions, while the impact on emissions was found to be minimal. At very retarded spark timings, colder spark plugs required higher air and fuel flow to maintain the desired 2bar NIMEP load, but the fraction of fuel energy going into the exhaust was found to be similar for all spark plugs. Retarding exhaust valve timings showed a simultaneous reduction in emissions while increasing the fraction of fuel energy being fed into the exhaust. However, engine COV was also observed to increase with retarded exhaust timings.
Comparison of Olefin Copolymers and Comb Polymers in Engine Oil Formulations Tested for Fuel Efficiency Retention and CO
2
Emissions Under Advanced Emission Standards
Authors: Bartels Thorsten , Flamberg Alan , Manukyan Selin , Russ Gerald
Published: September 2021

This study presents the impact of two engine oil additives on fuel efficiency and CO2 emissions. Formulations containing either Olefin Copolymer (OCP) or Comb polymer (Comb) were compared in tests for fuel efficiency retention, fine particle emissions, and ash accumulation in the gasoline particulate filter. The Comb formulations showed higher fuel efficiency throughout the testing, retaining this efficiency after three distinct engine aging test cycles. No significant differences between formulations were observed in oil consumption, ash accumulation, and filtration efficiency.
Correlating GDI and Diesel Soot with Carbon Black Surrogates: An MTM-SLIM Study
Authors: Desai Priyanka , Taheraly Mourtaza , Ogunsola Oluwaseyi , Mainwaring Robert
Published: September 2021

Legislations aimed at reducing CO2 emissions are driving significant changes in passenger car engine hardware and lubricants. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines generate combustion soot which can drive wear which is characteristically different to that observed in diesel engines. The increasing market share of GDI engines has encouraged the auto OEMs and the oil suppliers to study this challenge in more depth and seek improvements which do not compromise the innate efficiency benefits of the GDI platform. This study compares soot abrasiveness by measuring the abrasive removal of Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) antiwear films and resultant wear by GDI sooted oils and traditional Diesel sooted oils in the MTM-SLIM equipment. A three-way correlation has been developed between a carbon black soot surrogate, GDI sooted oils and Diesel sooted oils. Diesel sooted oils were found to be more abrasive and resulted in more severe wear than gasoline sooted oils at the same level of % soot loading. The impact of oil viscosity grade on soot induced wear has been observed. A thinner oil with lower soot concentration led to harsher wear conditions as compared to a thicker oil with higher soot loading. Both, thinner oils and increased soot loading led to increased wear levels, therefore both parameters need to be considered when wear data is being interpreted.
A Study on Alternative Test Method of Real Driving Emissions for Heavy-duty Vehicle by Using Engine In the Loop Simulation
Authors: Okui Nobunori
Published: September 2021

From the perspective of improving the atmospheric environment, evaluating the fuel efficiency and exhaust gas emissions when using actual vehicles on real roads is necessary. Passenger vehicles apply RDE (real driving emission) test. However, unlike passenger vehicles, there are many types and models of heavy-duty vehicles; thus, evaluating all of these types using real driving emission tests is difficult. Therefore, we investigated the possibility of an alternative evaluation of heavy-duty vehicle based on a simulation method that uses a vehicle model for part of the evaluation. This alternative evaluation method is a combination of the “engine HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation)” method, developed in previous studies and can perform tests based on vehicle speed and driving wind that is reproduced in the engine bench to appropriately cool the engine and various devices. Using this method, we obtained a possible alternative evaluation of heavy-duty vehicle RDEs, which was the objective of this study.
Improving Battery Pack Safety with an Innovative Fluid for Thermal Management
Authors: Champagne Nicolas
Published: September 2021

Efficient and safe Lithium-Ion Batteries have undoubtedly become the Holy Grail of the electric vehicle industry. Any OEM’s technical roadmap is currently focused on increasing battery lifetime, energy density, or above all on safety. The battery is definitively becoming a way to differentiate electric vehicle performance. Battery safety is central; any fire is unacceptable and can damage OEM’s image and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) acceptance. Therefore, solutions must be developed to cope with this dramatic issue. This paper presents a battery thermal management system, helping to increase battery lifetime, but, above all, making the battery pack safer. This system relies on the use of an innovative dielectric fluid in direct contact with electrochemical cells. Fluid physical properties are designed to accurately maintain the battery pack at a specific temperature in a daily life (fast charging and fast acceleration). Experimental and numerical results demonstrate the performance and the versatility of this solution. The key innovation relies on the fluid behavior when exposed to extreme heat generated during a battery thermal runaway event. Its specific chemical structure prevents fire propagation, even in a severe scenario where common fluids are getting ignite and catch on fire. Electrochemical cells abuse tests have been carried out on several types of cells, such as 21700 cylindrical cells or pouch cells with higher capacity. During nail penetration and overcharging events triggered in tests, it was demonstrated thermal events were avoided. The solution developed is ready to be implemented on a large scale and can be used by any battery pack designer as a tool to improve safety.
Estimation of Socio-Economic Loss due to Road Traffic Accidents in India
Authors: Kumaresh Girikumar , Saldanha Fiona , Lich Thomas , Moennich Joerg
Published: September 2021

India witnessed 151,113 road deaths in the year 2019 and this alarming number is due to increased urbanization, motorization and per capita income. India is home to the 2nd largest road network in the world and accounts for the highest number of road deaths globally. Curbing the menace of road accidents requires tactical road safety policies and their effective implementation. The meagre availability of factual data regarding socio-economic loss due to road accidents is proving to be a hindrance to the ideation and implementation of the policies. The Planning Commission estimated the social costs of road accidents to be 7.9 billion $ in 1999/2000 which was roughly 3% of the country’s GDP and this value was revised to 14.3 billion $ in 2011.

Absence of data regarding the loss due to road accidents in the recent times, has been a motivating factor to estimate the socio economic loss due to accidents on Indian roads. Road traffic accident casualties bring about a great deal of human suffering in terms of social, medical and economic costs. The data from in-depth accident databases, police records, medical, and insurance and government reports has been utilized to calculate the loss incurred.

This realistic estimation brings out the magnitude of the loss to the eyes of the policymakers and public. The Human Capital (HC) method is used as the base method for evaluation of the socio-economic loss due to road accidents. The concept of Value of Statistical Life (VSL) and individual cost components from HC method are extended to the Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) and iRAP’s Rule of Thumb (RoT) methods. Irrespective of the method, the socio-economic loss for the year 2019 is estimated to be around 0.55% - 1.35% of India’s GDP. This reflects the paramount economic drag due to road casualties and highlights the importance of bringing in road safety policies to reduce road accidents, deaths and injuries. This study is one of the first to put the current accident figures in relation to the economic costs specifically for India and can be used as a basis for policy makers to further develop their studies to derive cost-benefit estimates for different measures.
Application of Machine Learning Technique for Development of Indirect Tire Pressure Monitoring System
Authors: Sachan Richa , Iqbal Shoaib
Published: September 2021

Tire inflation pressure has a significant impact over vehicle driving dynamics, fuel consumption as well as tire life. Therefore, continuous monitoring of tire pressure becomes imperative for ride comfort, safety and optimum vehicle handling performance. Two types of tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) used by vehicles are - direct and indirect TPMS. Direct systems deploy pressure sensors at each wheel and directly send pressure value to the vehicle Controller Area Network (CAN). Indirect sensors on the other hand use the information from already existing sensors and some physics-based equations to predict the value of tire pressure. Direct TPMS tend to be more accurate but have higher cost of installation while indirect TPMS comes with a minimum cost but compromised accuracy.

A digital proof-of-concept study for indirect TPMS development of a non-ESP vehicle based on machine learning (ML) technique is elaborated in this paper. The study aims to propose a methodology for development of an indirect TPMS having an accuracy equivalent to that of a direct TPMS. A full vehicle model designed in Amesim software is used to extract data to train the machine-learning algorithm for different test cases. Simulation model is validated against the test data of vehicle dynamics parameters to ensure the accuracy of data extracted for ML model training. Multilayered feed forward, back-propagation artificial neural network is trained using three prediction algorithms and sensitivity of different algorithms, network parameters is analyzed against selected driving scenarios.

Proof-of-concept study suggests that the proposed tire pressure prediction algorithm has a potential to predict tire pressure accurately at par with Direct TPMS. It lays a foundation for developing ML based indirect TPMS using physical testing data by providing assistance in test plan preparation, exploring data pre-processing techniques and algorithm selection. Furthermore, the generic methodology mentioned in this paper can be referred for initial development of any ML based project.
Adopting the Features of Digital Rate Shaping (DRS) with Multiple Injections Strategy on Small 2 Cylinder Common Rail BSVI Engine to Improve FE
Authors: Yarsam Pravin , Athawale abhijit , kapadnis Vaibhav
Published: September 2021

The Common Rail fuel injection System (CRS) has completely changed the whole diesel engine combustion cloud dynamics and enhanced the applicability of diesel engines further with a motto of providing a more cleaner sky and greener earth. The most cutting-edge technological developments made in CRS and EGT system enables OEMs to achieve further more stringent emission norms and adopt the environmental protection compliances.

Today’s CRS systems are the most advanced generation fuel injection systems providing further high injection pressures, wide multiple injections capability with shorter dwell periods enabling real smoother Digital Rate Shaping (DRS) and injection control that benefits not only the engine combustion performance but also enables smarter thermal management of modern exhaust systems while meeting stringent emission compliances and achieving future CO2 reductions goal.

Initial DRS developments were tried with a dwell period up to 800us-500us with limitations over injector durability. Later with the advances in FIE technology the dwell periods could further be reduced to 500us-200us. The recent technologies developed are capable of reducing dwell period -100us or further lower within the boundary conditions of system application limits.

In this paper, an experimental study on the application of multiple injections coupled with an intelligent adoption of such DRS features are studied on 2 Cylinder Common Rail BSVI engine in order to improve engine part load BSFC performance and on road FE in vehicle city driving conditions.

Preliminary DoE trials conducted on engine test bed for the selected load collective points (in part load engine operating zones identified from vehicle driving cycle) shown benefit over conventional CRS (non DRS) technology.

Results show that, DRS strategy improves overall engine BSFC by 4.3% without having any additional friction reduction or energy saving gazettes on engine.

The MIDC emission test results with this strategy shows a reduction in CO2 emissions and fuel consumption by -4% over conventional strategy.
Communication Transceivers Qualification Requirements - Ethernet
Authors:   Vehicle Architecture For Data Communications Standards
Published: September 2021

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the requirements for ethernet physical layer (PHY) qualification. Requirements stated in this document provide a minimum standard level of performance for the PHY in the IC to which all compatible ethernet communications PHY shall be designed. When the communications chipset is an ethernet switch with an integrated automotive PHY (xBASE-T1), then the testing shall include performance for all switch PHY ports as well as each controller interface. No other features in the IC are tested or qualified as part of this SAE Recommended Practice. This assures robust serial data communication among all connected devices regardless of supplier.

The goal of SAE J2962-3 is to commonize approval processes of ethernet PHYs across OEMs.

The intended audience includes, but is not limited to, ethernet PHY suppliers, component release engineers, and vehicle system engineers.
SNSF Datastory - How much money does Switzerland invest in research and development?
Authors: Würth Stéphanie
Published: September 2021

Every year, the SNSF receives around one billion francs from the federal government. In 2019, a total of 22.9 billion Swiss francs was available for research and development (R&D) in Switzerland. Our country ranks seventh in terms GDP share spent on R&D.
Prevalencia y factores asociados con nefritis Lúpica en pacientes Venezolanos
Authors: Aponte Isabel F. , García-Francis María V. , García-Becerra Javier A. , Fuentes-Silva Yurilis J , Tovar-Bastidas Daniela B. , Nieto - Barrios Jessica C. , Al Snih Soham , Rodriguez Martin A.
Published: September 2021

Hay escasos datos sobre la nefritis lúpica en países individuales de América Latina. Hemos evaluado prevalencia y factores asociados a la nefritis lúpica en pacientes venezolanos con lupus eritematoso sistémico.
POPULATION FORECAST WITH THE DATA PROCESSING GROUP METHOD (GMDH) type NEURAL NETWORK FOR EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: FENDOĞLU Eda
Published: September 2021

Population is a critically important factor in a country's planning, policy making, and setting its social and economic goals. Population estimation and planning in advance are of great importance for policy makers, since the natural resources, which are the production areas where people can meet their basic needs, are limited and they need to protect the areas they live in in order to continue their lives. In this study, the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) type Neural Network (NN) approach was used for the annual population estimation of 27 European Union (EU) countries (Germany, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Cyprus, Croatia, Netherlands, Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovak Republic, Greece). The data set was obtained from the World Data Bank and analyzed using data from the years 1960 - 2020. The test performances obtained are generally below 10% of the Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE). The coefficient of determination (R^2) is above 0.90 and generally around 0.99. In addition, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) value is below 10%. According to these values, it is concluded that the model predicts extremely accurately. In addition, the analysis was compared with the 2021 - 2032 forecast values in the World Bank Database. According to the findings and comparison results, it has been concluded that the GMDH type Neural Network is a very good approach for the annual population estimation of 27 EU countries, it has almost exactly the same results with the real values in the past years, therefore it is consistent and successful in its predictions for the future years.
Examination of blood cortisol and some parameters at parturition and on 30th day postpartum in single and twin - pregnant ewes
Authors: AKBULUT Neffel Kürşat , HARMAN Halil , KAL Yavuz , KIRBAŞ Mesut
Published: September 2021

Lambs gain about 70 % of their birth weight in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. In this period, many physiological events occur in ewe metabolism. The increase in the number of fetuses also affects these events. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of single and twin pregnancy on serum cortisol, glucose, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, total protein, total cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus levels at birth and postpartum days. This study was conducted on 2 - 3 aged single (n = 11) and twin (n = 8) pregnant Anatolian Merino ewes which housed the Department of Animal Breeding and Animal Production of Konya Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute in Turkey. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein immediately after parturition and on 30th day postpartum in single and twin pregnant ewes. According to the data obtained, the differences between single and twin pregnant ewes of serum cortisol and phosphorus values at parturition were found statistically significant. The differences between parturition and 30th day postpartum were found statistically significant for the cortisol and glucose values in single pregnant ewes. The differences between the parturition and 30th day postpartum for glucose, triglyceride and phosphorus values were found statistically significant in twin pregnant ewes. In conclusion, it can be said that cortisol and some blood parameters in ewes are affected by pregnancy and the number of fetuses.
Examination of OECD Countries for the Presence of Livestock by Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling
Authors: DEMİR Yıldırım , KESKİN Sıddık
Published: September 2021

In this study, by Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) which is one of the multivariate statistical analysis methods, configuration of 36 OECD countries in two dimensional space was examined and similarities/dissimilarities between these countries were determined for the variables regarding with livestock data. As variables, "number of horses, pigs, donkeys, turkeys, mules, geese, goats, sheep, buffaloes, ducks, cattle and chickens" of OECD countries obtained from the website of FAO was used. Euclidean distance was used as distance measures. According to the results of NMDS; USA, Germany, France, England, Canada and Poland had the highest positive effect on livestock. However, Israel, Iceland, Lithuania and Luxembourg were different from other countries with the lowest effects. Similarly, while buffalo was the lowest effective one; pigs, cattle, chicken and turkey were found the highest effective species on the livestock sector. As a result, it was suggested that NMDS can be used as an effective method in the analysis of multivariate data in agriculture and livestock with simple graphical representation and interpretation of the results.
The effect of the combination of various training methodologies in horse training on the learning performances of Arabian horses
Authors: DANIŞAN Sibel , ÖZBEYAZ Ceyhan
Published: September 2021

This research aims at examining the learning performance of Arabian horses with the use of Join-up, Parelli’s Seven Games, and Clicker methods in combination and separately. In the research, thirty-six Arabian mares were examined and combinations of training methods were applied. Before and after the application of each training method, horses were directed to pass through a narrow-spaces and to walk on a tarp. While applying training methods, stress parameters, behavioral responses, and learning responses of horses were evaluated. The highest heart rates of the training groups were being during the application of the Join-up method. When the Parelli method was performed last, the training duration was 13.3% shorter. In walk on tarp task, the highest success score was in Clicker Method (75%). In the triple combination of training, when the Join-up method was performed last, task success rates decreased (33.3%). However, when the Join-up method was performed first, the success rate was 100%. When Parelli's methods were applied last, conflict behaviors were prevented, all horses learned vocal cues, and trusted their trainers. During the application of the Clicker method, all horses learned vocal cues and trusted their trainers. It was concluded that the order of methods is so crucial.
Quranic Multiple Intelligences and its Implementation in Educational Institutions
Authors: Husnaini M , Al-Hidabi Dawood Abdulmalek Yahya , Kartika Betania , Victorynie Irnie , Mukhtasor Ahmad Shidqi
Published: September 2021

This article is qualitative-descriptive analytical research on multiple intelligences, a theory which Howard Gardner introduced. According to Howard Gardner's findings, the concept of multiple intelligences has been widely known and used in educational institutions. Multiple intelligences are also considered a theory that first recognized the diversity of human intelligence. With multiple intelligences, it can be said that no child is stupid. Therefore, each child is born with intelligence that is not always equal to each other. In Islam, the Quran is a complete guide for life. This research has discovered the powerful instruments to develop Qur'anic multiple intelligences in educational institutions through literature. With the thematic interpretation method (maudhui) approach, this study described the practical efforts, using the mindset of interpretation and reflection, to develop the concept of multiple intelligences based on the perspective of the Quran. After researching, collecting, and analyzing all terms in the Quran that relate to intelligence, it is found that the Quran is distinguishing the concept of multiple intelligences. It can be used further as a practical guide for educational institutions in developing the concept of multiple intelligences from the perspective of the Quran
Condiciones sociales y riesgo escolar de jóvenes de educación media superior en Mexicali, Baja California
Authors: González Machado Emilia Cristina , Ramírez Peralta Rebeca Michell , Santillán Anguiano Ernesto Israel , Reyes Piñuelas Erika Paola
Published: September 2021

El trabajo describe las condiciones socioeconómicas familiares y aspectos educativos de jóvenes estudiantes de educación media superior. Desde un estudio cuantitativo, se aplicó un cuestionario de 52 reactivos, con el propósito de explorar aspectos de equipamiento y canasta básica; condiciones familiares, reprobación, rendimiento académico y la motivación hacia la escuela. Se caracteriza un plantel con una muestra aleatoria de 43 estudiantes de sexto semestre. Entre los resultados, se reportan los niveles de escolaridad del padre y de la madre; el 56% cuenta con computadora y el 86% con internet; el 42% trabaja y obtiene un ingreso menor al salario mínimo. Entre las conclusiones, se observó que la reprobación representa el riesgo de abandono escolar.

Abstract

This paper describes socioeconomic conditions in families and educational aspects of young people in high school. From a quantitative study, a questionnaire consisting of 52 test items was applied with the aim of exploring aspects of equipment and the basic food basket, family situations, grade failure, academic performance, and motivation towards school. A high school was characterized with a sample where 43 students in sixth semester were randomly sampled. Among the results obtained, 56% of students have a computer and 86% have internet; 42% work and perceive an income inferior to the established minimum wage; and a report of their mother's or father's educational level was required. Among the findings, we observed that failure to achieve a passing grade represented a risk of dropout.
Liderazgo y gestión del conocimiento en posgrado de una institución de educación superior (IES)
Authors: Castrejón Reyes Victorina , Peña Estrada Claudia Cyntia , Gómez Terán Oscar Ángel , Cortés Heredia Sandra Jenny
Published: September 2021

El liderazgo y la gestión del conocimiento son ampliamente abordados en investigaciones relacionadas con la administración y las organizaciones, no obstante en el ámbito universitario, específicamente de posgrado, no hay literatura suficiente para analizar la correlación entre ambos constructos. El objetivo es establecer una relación entre la gestión del conocimiento del estudiante en el posgrado con el liderazgo que ejerce en el aula, para identificar las estrategias para generar valor en el aula. La investigación es cuantitativa de diseño transeccional, no probabilística, con una hipótesis de investigación correlacional y causal.

Abstract

Leadership and knowledge management are widely addressed in research related to administration and organizations, however, in the university environment, specifically in graduate school, there is not enough literature to analyze the correlation between both constructs. The objective is to establish a relationship between student knowledge management in graduate school with the leadership exercised in the classroom, in order to identify strategies to generate value in the classroom. The research is quantitative of transectional design, non-probabilistic, with a correlational and causal research hypothesis.
Analysing the Cognitive Dissonance Behaviour of a Customer before Buying Products in Retail Stores
Authors: Karkera Dr. Bhavika R , Esaimani Dr. Vanitha
Published: September 2021

Today, Indian retail is seeing unprecedented growth. India's sector has a larger customer base, it is very important for retail businesses to understand consumer behaviour very effectively. In the process of understanding consumer behaviour, it is vital to understand the cognitive dissonance behaviour of a customer before buying to retain the consumer for long term. Cognitive dissonance also can influence the perception and sense of oneself, which leads to poor self-esteem and self-worth. Cognitive dissonance has several consequences because people want to prevent this discomfort. Dissonance may affect people's behaviour, ideas and decisions. This research aims to study cognitive dissonance behaviour of customer before buying products in retail stores. The study used analytical and descriptive research methodology, all primary data was obtained by using structured questionnaires and secondary data collected from various published research papers from ProQuest and EBSCO databases. The study concludes that cognitive dissonance behaviour of a customer has an wider impact on buying behavior of retail customer.
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Analysis of Rasayana Churna Vati for Quality Control - An Ayurveda Formulation
Authors: Sarvesh Kumar  , Anjali Verma
Published: September 2021

Rasayana churna was mentioned by Acharya Vagbhatta for rejuvenation of body tissue. Rasayana properties of this combination revitalize the unhealthy tissue on systemic level. Rasayana Churna is a polyherbal formulation contacting 3 ingredients i.e., Amalaki, Guduchi and Gokshura are well known drugs for its rich in antioxidant, immunomodulator and purifactory action. Repeated stress injury in visual system is major cause of Computer Vision Syndrome- a new milliner disorder. A study conducted as randomized clinical trial showed that Rasayan churana significantly improves a group of symptoms in Computer Vision Syndrome.

The present study was carried out to standardize the finished product of Rasayana Churna Vati. It includes Authentication, Organoleptic properties, physic-chemical parameters, assay of active and qualitative HPTLC analysis to confirm entity, quality and purity. All results were compared with Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeial standard. The presence of rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, lignified tissues, prismatic crystals, reticulate vessels, starch grains oval, tannins, trichomes were the characteristic features observed in the microscopy of the prepared drug. Phyto-chemical analysis showed Loss on drying 1.87% w/w, Total ash 4.35% w/w, water soluble extract 34.73% w/w, Acid insoluble ash 0.73% w/w, Alcohol soluble extractive 14.34% w/w & pH 3.4. Identification of constituents of Rasayana Churna Vati was done by HPTLC scanning at 254 and 366mm gives positive test for Guduchi, Gokshura and Amalaki.
Scientific Evaluation of Dhuma Yoga (An Ayurvedic Fumigation Medicine) as Preventive and Curative on Symptoms of Covid-19 Disease
Authors: Siva Ram
Published: September 2021

Covid-19, an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes where the viruses are active in the environment within the suspended micro droplets. Sanitization of environment to weaken/terminate the virus and halting the replication of virus inside the host along with symptomatic treatment is the primary approach to end the pandemic. In Ayurveda, Dhupana (medicated fumigation of vicinity) and Dhumapana (medicated smoking) therapies done by drugs of herbal/animal/mineral origin are a swift way to decontaminate the environment and Respiratory system. Dhuma (medicated fumes) is a unique drug delivery system acting directly on respiratory tissues which can deliver quick results in this Covid-19 pandemic by its local and systematic effects recommended by AYUSH ministry in the guidelines for Covid-19. We intend to put forward the scientific explanation of powerful Ayurvedic Cannabis based polyherbal dhumapana (medicated smoking) medication named Dhuma Yoga available in the market as an alternate remedy for Covid-19 whose four out of five herbal ingredients are in the list of WHO manual of traditional medicine. We emphasized on Vijaya (Cannabis sativa Linn.) as the centre of formulation because it is a Rasayana (rejuvenative) herb having Vyavayi (fast acting) and Yogavahi (synergetic) properties. Phytochemicals of all the herbal ingredients of Dhuma Yoga formulation are studied through in silico, In vitro and In vivo studies for Covid-19 with favourable outcomes.
A Prospective Clinical Observational Study on Protocol Based Sushrutas Avasthanusar Management of Pakshagata (Ischemic Stroke)
Authors: Sori Ashwini  , Ravishankar Pervaje Ravishankar  , Prasad B S
Published: September 2021

Stroke is one of the leading cause of death and the treatment so far has no promising results. Though ample research is being carried out for alleviating the disease and new avenues are being explored in acute management followed by physical rehabilitation and physiotherapy etc, yet the disease have not been dominated and remain incurable.. Pakshaghata treatment schedule adopted according to the stage i.e. in acute stage the immediate aim is to maintain the lifestyle and to prevent the further complications treatment based on avastha helps in reversal of pathology, so here protocol is developed which is already being followed giving promising results in acute conditions need to be documented.

Objective: The study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of Avasthanusar chikitsa in the management of Ischemic stroke (Pakshagata).

Methods:10 patients of acute ischemic stroke directly coming to Sushrut Ayurved Hospital were enrolled after confirming the CT/MRI as per diagnostic criteria and those who were fitting in inclusion criteria.

All the 10 patients underwent  the who whole treatment protocol according to avastha but the time, medicines were totally individualised.

Results:1.In Pitta samasargaja avastha Glass gow coma scale showed 91.49 % improvement which was highly significant.

In Kapha samasrgaj avastha NINDH stroke scale and Barthel index showed significant improvement of 83.7%.

3 .In Vataja samsargaja avastha  Modified Rankin scale and 10 meter walk test showed 72.5%  & 86.21% improvement respectively which was highly significant.

Interpretation And Conclusion:

In Pittasamsargaja avastha when presenting symptoms are mada , murcha and akashepaka the both Dosha and vyadhi viparita chikitsa is done simultaneously by teekshana nasya and sheeta upakramas., Once pittaja laxanas are reduced kapaha/ amahara chikitsa is done, In vata samsargaja chikitsa Brihmana chikitsa is done.
An Ayurveda Approach to the Management of Astigmatism: A Case Report
Authors: Deepak P Nath  , Naveen B S  , Ajoy Viswam  , Krishnan Namboodiri G
Published: September 2021

Astigmatism is a type of refractive error wherein the refraction varies in the different meridian of eye. This accounts for approximately 13% of all refractive errors.  Kriyakalpas are the special treatment protocols mentioned for the management of eye disorders in Ayurveda. This paper aims to highlight the benefits of Kriyakalpas in Myopic Astigmatism with a case study, which includes short discussion on the mode of action of various Kriyakalpas based on its bio availability. The efficacy of the treatment plan is dependent on the method of preparation of drug and mode of administration mentioned in classics. It highlights all the above said points on the basis of clinical observations during the treatment of female subject aged 10 years, diagnosed with myopic astigmatism, which can be correlated with features of Prathamapatalagata Timira. She was treated with Nasya, Aschothana, Seka, Pindi and Tarpana. Her visual acuity and Diopteric powers were evaluated before and after the treatment and in follow-ups. There was significant improvement in both the parameters which highlights the benefits of Kriyakalpas in myopic astigmatism.
Review of Clinical Studies on Karnini Yonivyapad vis-a-vis Cervical Erosion
Authors: Tiwari Richa  , Pushpalatha Buduru  , Bharathi K
Published: September 2021

Cervical erosion is a most common condition seen in women of reproductive age groups. Its prevalence is between 50-85% of all the gynecological conditions. In modern system of medicine diathermy cauterization or cryosurgery are generally advised for treatment but these procedures have their own side effects and complications like excessive vaginal discharge, secondary infertility, bleeding per vagina, infection, stenosis etc.. So still it is one of the most troublesome diseases for patients as well as for gynaecologists. Due to the serious consequences of the disease it is the need of hour to develop an accurate therapy for pathological erosion. This is an attempt to throw some more light on the clinical studies on cervical erosion. On cervical erosion total eight clinical studies in PG level has been completed out at National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur. Out of eight clinical studies, five works on Kshara Karma Karma (application of caustics), two works on Agnikarma (cauterization), two works on Kushthadi churna, one work on kushthadi varti, one work on Virechana. The drugs and procedures used in the research studies have chedana, Bhedan, Sosahana, Lekhana, Shodhana, Shothaghna, Raktprasadana, Vrana Shodhana (ulcer cleansing), Vrana Ropana (ulcer healer), krimihara, Kushtaghna (anti-dermatosis), Kandughna (anti-pruritic) properties. Maximum studies are carried out on Bahya Parimarjana (external application).
Herbal Lepa Formulation Preparation and its Evaluation
Authors: Tejaswini Singh
Published: September 2021

The concept of beauty is as old as humanity itself. It is the natural desire of every human being to look beautiful and glamorous. The beauty and glamour are because of perfect skin. Herbs have been used for beautification from historic times and have also been described in Ayurvedic literature. Herbs as whole or herbal extracts have been used to treat the various ailments of the skin, hair, body odor, and overall beautification. The demand for Ayurveda in cosmetology is established because it is effective, cheaper, and long-lasting without any side effects. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the beneficial effect of herbal Lepa formulation for beautification. Beautification in terms of skin lightening, removal of scars and pigmentation, dark circles, and ultimately healthy glowing skin. The advantage of herbal cosmetics compared to chemical products is they are non-toxic in nature. The Lepa formulation is the suitable dosage form prepared using various natural components in the appropriate and desired quantity for better effectiveness. The formulation has shown significant improvement in various skin problems, including skin pigmentation, melasma, acne marks, and skin lightening effect with no further moisturizing cream requirements.