bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thin Film Coating with Highly Dispersible Barium Titanate-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Jinhui , Inukai Koji , Takahashi Yosuke , Tsuruta Akihiro , Shin Woosuck
Published: May 2018

Thin BaTiO3 (BT) coating layers are required in various multilayer ceramic technologies, and fine nanosized BT particles with good dispersion in solution are essential for this coating process. In this work, cubic and tetragonal phase monodispersed BT nanoparticles—which were referred to as LBT and HBT-PVP coated on their surface by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer—were prepared by low temperature synthesis (LTS) and hydrothermal method (HT) at 80 and 230 °C, respectively. They were applied for the thin film coating on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Si wafer substrates by a simple bar coating. The thickness of BT, LBT-PVP, and HBT-PVP films prepared by their 5 wt % coating agent on Si are around 268, 308, and 263 nm, and their surface roughness are 104.6, 91.6, and 56.1 nm, respectively. The optical transmittance of BT, LBT-PVP, and HBT-PVP films on PET are 55, 66, and 73% at 550 nm wavelength and the haze values are 34.89, 24.70, and 20.53% respectively. The mechanism of dispersant adsorbed on the BT surface for densification of thin film during the drying process of the film was discussed.
Microstructure Evolution and the Resulted Influence on Localized Corrosion in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy during Non-Isothermal Ageing
Authors: Chen Jun-Zhou , Li Guo-Ai , Cai Xin , Jiang Jian-Tang , Shao Wen-Zhu , Yang Li , Zhen Liang
Published: May 2018

A non-isothermal ageing process was proposed for an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy aiming to accommodate the slow heating/cooling procedure during the ageing of large components. The evolution of microstructure and microchemistry was analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark field imaging, and energy dispersive spectrometry. The age-hardening of the alloy was examined to evaluate the strengthening behavior during the non-isothermal process. The corrosion behavior was investigated via observing the specimens immersed in EXCO solution (solution for Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility test in 2xxx and 7xxx series aluminum alloys, referring ASTM G34-01). Secondary precipitation was observed during the cooling stage, leading to increased precipitate number density. The distribution of grain boundary precipitates transits from discontinuous to continuous at the cooling stage, due to the secondary precipitation’s linking-up effect. The solutes’ enrichment on grain boundary precipitates and the depletion in precipitate-free zones develops during the heating procedure, but remains invariable during the cooling procedure. The corrosion in NIA (Non-isothermal Ageing) treated specimens initiates from pitting and then transits to intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion. The transition from pitting to intergranular corrosion is very slow for specimens heated to 190 °C, but accelerates slightly as the cooling procedure proceeds. The transition to exfoliation corrosion is observed to be quite slow in all specimens in non-isothermal aged to over-aged condition, suggesting a corrosion resistance comparable to that of RRA condition.
Non-Unique Fixed Point Results in Extended B-Metric Space
Authors: Alqahtani Badr , Fulga Andreea , Karapınar Erdal
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we investigate the existence of fixed points that are not necessarily unique in the setting of extended b-metric space. We state some examples to illustrate our results.
Influence of Solvent and Electrical Voltage on Cathode Plasma Electrolytic Deposition of Al2O3 Antioxidation Coatings on Ti-45Al-8.5Nb Alloys
Authors: Yang Xu , Jiang Zhipeng , Ding Xianfei , Hao Guojian , Liang Yongfeng , Lin Junpin
Published: May 2018

Al2O3 coatings were prepared on Ti-45Al-8.5Nb alloys via cathodic plasma electrolysis deposition (CPED) in both 1.2 M Al(NO3)3 aqueous and ethanolic solutions. Different voltages were also applied during the deposition process to optimize coating properties. Coatings deposited in both solutions mainly consisted of γ-Al2O3, with some Al(OH)3 found in coatings prepared in aqueous solution. Coatings prepared in ethanol solution exhibited better oxidation resistance at 900 °C as well as better substrate adhesion, which was mainly due to smaller crater sizes on coating surfaces. The deposition process was discussed in detail and the reason for the smaller craters examined. The results suggested that solution surface tension mainly influenced the average diameter of hydrogen bubbles that formed on cathode surfaces during the process. Smaller bubbles lead to both lower current densities on cathodes and smaller crater sizes on coatings.
DFT Study of Azole Corrosion Inhibitors on Cu2O Model of Oxidized Copper Surfaces: I. Molecule–Surface and Cl–Surface Bonding
Authors: Gustinčič Dunja , Kokalj Anton
Published: May 2018

The adsorption of three simple azole molecules—imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole—and Cl on various sites of several Cu 2 O(111)- and Cu 2 O(110)-type surfaces, including Cu and O vacancies, was characterized using density functional theory (DFT) calculations; the three molecules can be seen as models of azole corrosion inhibitors and Cl as a corrosion activator. Both non-dissociative and dissociative adsorption modes were considered for azole molecules; the latter involves the N–H bond cleavage, hence we also addressed the adsorption of H, which is a co-product of the dissociative adsorption. We find that molecules and Cl bind much stronger to unsaturated Cu sites compared to saturated ones. Dissociated molecules bind considerably stronger to the surface compared to the intact molecules, although even the latter can bind rather strongly to specific unsaturated Cu sites. Bader analysis reveals that binding energies of dissociated molecules at various Cu sites correlate with Bader charges of Cu ions before molecular adsorption, i.e., the smaller the Cu charge, the stronger the molecular bonding. All three azole molecules display similar non-dissociative adsorption energies, but significant difference between them appears for dissociative adsorption mode, i.e., dissociated triazole and tetrazole bind much stronger than dissociated imidazole because the former two can form two strong N–Cu bonds, but imidazole cannot due to its incompatible molecular geometry. Dissociative adsorption is consequently favorable only for triazole and tetrazole, but only at oxygen vacancy sites, where it proceeds barrierlessly (or almost so). This observation may suggest that, for imidazole, only the neutral form, but, for triazole and tetrazole, also their deprotonated forms are the active species for inhibiting corrosion under near neutral pH conditions, where copper surfaces are expected to be oxidized. As for the comparison with the Cl–surface bonding, the calculations indicate that only dissociated triazole and tetrazole bind strong enough to rival the Cl–surface bonds.
Older Peoples’ Adherence and Awareness of Changes in Drug Therapy after Discharge from Hospital
Authors: Norberg Sara , Gustafsson Maria
Published: May 2018

Non-adherence is important to address because it might affect the effectiveness of therapy and lead to adverse effects. The objectives of this interview study were to investigate old peoples’ general adherence to drugs and their awareness of and adherence to changes in drug therapy after their hospital stay. Following ethical approval, 42 patients admitted to the medical ward were invited to participate in this study. Of these, 36 persons, with a mean age of 82.5 years, who were discharged to their home, were interviewed by telephone using the Medical Adherence Report Scale (MARS) to assess their general adherence to prescribed drugs. Questions regarding awareness and adherence to drug changes during their hospital stay were asked. Different factors related to adherence and non-adherence were investigated using the Pearson chi-square test and the independent sample t-test. The average MARS score was 23.9 ± 1.4, with 31 persons (86%) assessed as adherent to their drug therapy and 5 persons (14%) as non-adherent. Of the 36 people, 30 had at least one change in their drug therapy during their hospital stay, and 23 (77%) of these people were aware of all changes and 23 (77%) were adherent to all of the changes. No significant differences between adherence and age, gender, living situation, or number of drugs were found. This small study found that some older people who were discharged from hospital were generally non-adherent, and some were not aware of or adherent to changes made in the drug therapy during their hospital stay. This is an important problem to address with further interventions.
Cuboid Packed-Beds as Chemical Reactors?
Authors: Ghosh Raja
Published: May 2018

Columns are widely used as packed-bed or fixed-bed reactors in the chemical process industry. Packed columns are also used for carrying out chemical separation techniques such as adsorption, distillation, extraction and chromatography. A combination of the variability in flow path lengths, and the variability of velocity along these flow paths results in significant broadening in solute residence time distribution within columns, particularly in those having low bed height to diameter ratios. Therefore, wide packed-column reactors operate at low efficiencies. Also, for a column of a particular bed height, the ratio of heat transfer surface area to reactor volume varies inversely as the radius. Therefore, with wide columns, the available heat transfer area could become a limiting factor. In recent papers, box-shaped or cuboid packed-bed devices have been proposed as efficient alternatives to packed columns for carrying out chromatographic separations. In this paper, the use of cuboid packed-beds as reactors for carrying out chemical and biochemical reactions has been proposed. This proposition is primarily supported in terms of advantages resulting from superior system hydraulics and narrower residence time distributions. Other potential advantages, such as better heat transfer attributes, are speculated based on geometric considerations.
A Distributed Approach towards Improved Dissemination Protocol for Smooth Handover in MediaSense IoT Platform
Authors: Ahmad Shabir , Hussain Ishfaq , Fayaz Muhammad , Kim Do-Hyeun
Published: May 2018

Recently, the Internet has been utilized by many applications to convey time-sensitive messages. The persistently expanding Internet coverage and its easy accessibility have offered to ascend to a problem which was once regarded as not essential to contemplate. Nowadays, the Internet has been utilized by many applications to convey time-sensitive messages. Wireless access points have widely been used but these access points have limitations regarding area coverage. So for covering a wider space, various access points need to be introduced. Therefore, when the user moves to some other place, the devices expected to switch between access points. Packet loss amid the handovers is a trivial issue. MediaSense is an Internet of Things distributed architecture enabling the development of the IoT application faster. It deals with this trivial handover issue by utilizing a protocol called Distributed Context eXchange Protocol. However, this protocol is centralized in nature and also suffers in a scenario when both sender and receiver address change simultaneously. This paper presents a mechanism to deal with this scenario and presents a distributed solution to deal with this issue within the MediaSense platform. The proposed protocol improves dissemination using retransmission mechanism to diminish packet loss. The proposed protocol has been delineated with a proof of concept chat application and the outcomes have indicated a significant improvement in terms of packet loss.
Virtual Sensor of Surface Electromyography in a New Extensive Fault-Tolerant Classification System
Authors: De Moura Karina de O. A. , Balbinot Alexandre
Published: May 2018

A few prosthetic control systems in the scientific literature obtain pattern recognition algorithms adapted to changes that occur in the myoelectric signal over time and, frequently, such systems are not natural and intuitive. These are some of the several challenges for myoelectric prostheses for everyday use. The concept of the virtual sensor, which has as its fundamental objective to estimate unavailable measures based on other available measures, is being used in other fields of research. The virtual sensor technique applied to surface electromyography can help to minimize these problems, typically related to the degradation of the myoelectric signal that usually leads to a decrease in the classification accuracy of the movements characterized by computational intelligent systems. This paper presents a virtual sensor in a new extensive fault-tolerant classification system to maintain the classification accuracy after the occurrence of the following contaminants: ECG interference, electrode displacement, movement artifacts, power line interference, and saturation. The Time-Varying Autoregressive Moving Average (TVARMA) and Time-Varying Kalman filter (TVK) models are compared to define the most robust model for the virtual sensor. Results of movement classification were presented comparing the usual classification techniques with the method of the degraded signal replacement and classifier retraining. The experimental results were evaluated for these five noise types in 16 surface electromyography (sEMG) channel degradation case studies. The proposed system without using classifier retraining techniques recovered of mean classification accuracy was of 4% to 38% for electrode displacement, movement artifacts, and saturation noise. The best mean classification considering all signal contaminants and channel combinations evaluated was the classification using the retraining method, replacing the degraded channel by the virtual sensor TVARMA model. This method recovered the classification accuracy after the degradations, reaching an average of 5.7% below the classification of the clean signal, that is the signal without the contaminants or the original signal. Moreover, the proposed intelligent technique minimizes the impact of the motion classification caused by signal contamination related to degrading events over time. There are improvements in the virtual sensor model and in the algorithm optimization that need further development to provide an increase the clinical application of myoelectric prostheses but already presents robust results to enable research with virtual sensors on biological signs with stochastic behavior.
Heart Rate Estimated from Body Movements at Six Degrees of Freedom by Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Lee Hyunwoo , Whang Mincheol
Published: May 2018

Cardiac activity has been monitored continuously in daily life by virtue of advanced medical instruments with microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Seismocardiography (SCG) has been considered to be free from the burden of measurement for cardiac activity, but it has been limited in its application in daily life. The most important issues regarding SCG are to overcome the limitations of motion artifacts due to the sensitivity of motion sensor. Although novel adaptive filters for noise cancellation have been developed, they depend on the researcher’s subjective decision. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can extract significant features from data automatically without a researcher’s subjective decision, so that signal processing has been recently replaced as CNNs. Thus, this study aimed to develop a novel method to enhance heart rate estimation from thoracic movement by CNNs. Thoracic movement was measured by six-axis accelerometer and gyroscope signals using a wearable sensor that can be worn by simply clipping on clothes. The dataset was collected from 30 participants (15 males, 15 females) using 12 measurement conditions according to two physical conditions (i.e., relaxed and aroused conditions), three body postures (i.e., sitting, standing, and supine), and six movement speeds (i.e., 3.2, 4.5, 5.8, 6.4, 8.5, and 10.3 km/h). The motion data (i.e., six-axis accelerometer and gyroscope) and heart rate (i.e., electrocardiogram (ECG)) were determined as the input data and labels in the dataset, respectively. The CNN model was developed based on VGG Net and optimized by testing according to network depth and data augmentation. The ensemble network of the VGG-16 without data augmentation and the VGG-19 with data augmentation was determined as optimal architecture for generalization. As a result, the proposed method showed higher accuracy than the previous SCG method using signal processing in most measurement conditions. The three main contributions are as follows: (1) the CNN model enhanced heart rate estimation with the benefits of automatic feature extraction from the data; (2) the proposed method was compared with the previous SCG method using signal processing; (3) the method was tested in 12 measurement conditions related to daily motion for a more practical application.
A Framework Based on a Systems Approach to Developing Safety Indicators in Fish Farming
Authors: Holen Siri Mariane , Utne Ingrid Bouwer
Published: May 2018

The fish farming industry is one of the industries in Norway with the highest occupational fatality and injury rate. Despite the serious health, safety, and environmental issues in the industry, little is done to measure changes in safety over time beyond the traditional Lost Time Injury (LTI) registrations. In this article the objective is twofold; (i) to propose a framework for developing safety indicators based on Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), and (ii) to apply the framework to find indicators relevant for hazards in operations where subcontractors participate. STPA uses a hierarchical portrayal of the system in focus, in contrast to sequential models, and views safety as a control problem. It is believed that a systemic approach to indicator development better captures the complex safety challenges in aquaculture. Thirteen indicators are identified within areas such as maintenance, training, and planning. The indicators identified may function as a basis for decisions and actions that must be undertaken to ensure safe operations.
Arsenic Speciation of Contaminated Soils/Solid Wastes and Relative Oral Bioavailability in Swine and Mice
Authors: Stevens Brooke N. , Betts Aaron R. , Miller Bradley W. , Scheckel Kirk G. , Anderson Richard H. , Bradham Karen D. , Casteel Stan W. , Thomas David J. , Basta Nicholas T.
Published: May 2018

Arsenic (As) is one of the most widespread, toxic elements in the environment, and human activities have resulted in a large number of contaminated areas. However abundant, the potential of As toxicity from exposure to contaminated soils is limited to the fraction that will dissolve in the gastrointestinal system and be absorbed into systemic circulation or bioavailable species. In part, the release of As from contaminated soil to gastrointestinal fluid depends on the form of solid phase As, also termed “As speciation”. In this study, 27 As-contaminated soils and solid wastes were analyzed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and results were compared to in vivo bioavailability values determined using the adult mouse and juvenile swine bioassays. Arsenic bioavailability was lowest for soils that contained large amounts of arsenopyrite and highest for materials that contained large amounts of ferric arsenates. Soil and solid waste type and properties rather than the contamination source had the greatest influence on As speciation. Principal component analysis determined that As(V) adsorbed and ferric arsenates were the dominant species that control As speciation in the selected materials. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to determine the ability of As speciation to predict bioavailability. Arsenic speciation was predictive of 27% and 16% of Relative Bioavailable (RBA) As determined using the juvenile swine and adult mouse models, respectively. Arsenic speciation can provide a conservative estimate of RBA As using MLR for the juvenile swine and adult mouse bioassays at 55% and 53%, respectively.
An Exploratory Study of the Learning of Transferable Skills in a Research-Oriented Intensive Course in Atmospheric Sciences
Authors: Ruuskanen Taina , Vehkamäki Hanna , Riuttanen Laura , Lauri Antti
Published: May 2018

Transferable skills, such as learning skills as well as oral and written communication skills, are needed by today’s experts. The learning of transferable skills was studied during a multidisciplinary two-week, research-oriented intensive course in atmospheric sciences. Students were assessed on their experience of learning data analysis, writing reports and articles, oral presentation, learning and teaching, as well as project and time management skills and the importance of learning these transferable skills in the beginning and at the end of the course. The learning outcomes were constructively aligned with the course and it supported the learning of transferable skills needed by researchers working with multidisciplinary research questions. The methods of teaching were group work, data analysis of real scientific questions and real scientific data, a few expert lectures, discussions with experts and peer-support, and the course evaluation that was based on the groups’ oral presentations and a written report. The groups consisted of seven to eight students and four to six assistants who were working side-by-side for the period of the course. Students considered data analysis, including the formulation of research questions, as the most important transferable skill of the course and stated that it was also what they learned the most. We conclude that the students felt that working with real scientific questions and data in multidisciplinary groups supports the learning of transferable skills. The findings suggest that the students may have learned transferable skills from peers, assistants, and teachers while working in small groups of students in different stages of their studies. The study was conducted from student feedback from one course only, but we have observed while organizing over 50 similar courses that working on real scientific questions and data in a multidisciplinary and multicultural course has been motivating for both the teachers and the students. We recommend this method to be used by research groups who are training the future generation of researchers and experts in atmospheric sciences and other fields.
Generation Z’s Sustainable Volunteering: Motivations, Attitudes and Job Performance
Authors: Cho Meehee , Bonn Mark A. , Han Su Jin
Published: May 2018

Generation Z (Gen Z), the future of America’s workforce, is forecasted to represent more than 30 million persons by 2020. Volunteer rates have been declining since 2002. Most compelling is that overall lowest volunteer rates were found to be within the Gen Z segment, with expectations of continued decline. Thus, this study explored motivations associated with sustainable volunteering by Gen Z based upon past research that documented intent to volunteer is strongly associated with age. In doing so, the Volunteer Functions Inventory was adopted to identify Gen Z motivations for volunteering. This study then employed the theory of planned behavior to test the relationships between Gen Z volunteering motivations, their attitudes and job performance using data obtained from 306 Gen Z volunteer special event participants. Among five motives identified to be important to Gen Z, only four motives (“value”, “career”, “learning” and “self-esteem”) were found to significantly influence their attitudes. The ‘social’ motive was found to have no significant effect on their attitudes towards volunteering. This research framework was supported by validating the significant relationships between volunteer motivations, attitudes and job performance specific to the Gen Z volunteer segment. “Job training appropriateness” was found to be an important moderator for improving the relationships between Gen Z volunteer attitudes and job performance.
Hypermédias et éducation : des repères
Authors: Bruillard Eric , La Passardière Brigitte de
Published: May 2018

This paper makes a quick survey of the present educative applications in hypertext and hypermedia. Fisrt, we study possible uses in education. Then, we analyse concepts associated with present research. Hypertext domain is very new. So contours are fuzzy. There are many confusions between hypermedia and multimedia notions. We believe it is useful to precise what is hypertext and review navigation tools. Regarding uses, we try to establish a classification in order to situate possibilities. In the first part of this paper, we present hypertext in general. The second one is aimed at educational point of view.
Évolution épistémologique en EIAO
Authors: Dillenbourg Pierre
Published: May 2018

The concept of knowledge has recently evolved from a substance to a capacity to interact. I illustrate this epistemological evolution with two examples : explanation and learner modelling. Explanation is not perceived any more as transmiting the trace of the expert's reasoning, but as the result of a shared construction. Similarity, a diagnosis is not considered any more as a neutral snapshot of the learner's knowledge, but as the result of a mutual understanding process.
Le jeu de l' enfant-robot : une démarche et une réflexion en vue du développement de pensée algorithmique chez les très jeunes enfants. The Child-Robot Simulation Game : An Approach and a Study Concerning the Development of the Algorithmic Thinking of Very Small Children
Authors: Greff Éric
Published: May 2018

Peut-on introduire une pensée algorithmique auprès des très jeunes enfants (4-6 ans) ? Peut-on, en tous cas, développer avec eux une série d'activités homogènes qui les aidera plus tard dans leur approche de l'informatique ? Le jeu de l'enfant-robot est une progression que nous avons élaborée et dont les objectifs sont de faire découvrir, d'appréhender et d'intégrer des notions structurantes pour l'esprit. Elle n'a pas pour but l'apprentissage d'un langage informatique mais s'appuie cependant sur un langage de commande graphique simplifié. De plus, en étant tour à tour programmeur et programmé, concepteur et exécutant, l'élève s'imprègne peu à peu de notions difficiles et importantes. De manière plus large, il acquiert des compétences dans les domaines de la motricité, la latéralisation, la sémiologie de l'image, la communication, la rigueur, la résolution de problème, la représentation de parcours, le monde technologique...
Simuler pour modéliser. Le cas du son
Authors: Vince Jacques , Tiberghien Andrée
Published: May 2018

Sound is a subject usually taught in physics. Study of sound raises the question of objectivity in science. The necessity of making sound visible and the technics used to make sound visible are not sufficient to get over the difficulties, especially due to the articulation between physics models and sound sense perception. This lead us to design a simulation software, simulaSON, in taking into account the analysis of everyday knowledge, knowledge to be taught and research results about the semiotic registers. The activity provided by the software aims to favour the understanding of concepts such as vibration, propagation, frequency or amplitude. A microscopic model is proposed to interpret the propagation of «simple » sound wave. The software and some tasks of the experimentation are described.
Conception d’une interface adaptée aux activités de l’éducation à distance : ExploraGraph©
Authors: Dufresne Aude
Published: May 2018

The research presents an environment for distance education that was developed following ergonomic principles, observation and conceptual analysis of existing environments. The system is based on a conceptual model, that aims at giving the learner both a better control on his learning, and more support in the pedagogical and collaborative dimensions. The ExploraGraph© was build following this model, it offers hierarchical graphs to browse in concepts and activities of the courses, navigation based on intentions, and the possibility for the teacher to implement contextual support interventions to guide the learner. The Agora Forum to support asynchronous collaboration is also presented.
Un environnement support de projets collectifs entre apprenants : SPLACH
Authors: George Sébastien , Leroux Pascal
Published: May 2018

Our research deals with collaborative learning at a distance and takes place in the field of CSCL (Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning). To promote communications between people learning in a distance context, we think that it is important to involve these learners in collective activities. We suggest to set-up activities using project-based learning in order to favour collective learning. From a model of activities with steps constituted themselves of asynchronous and synchronous phases, we designed and developed a computer environment to support this project-based learning. This environment has been experimented in two different contexts : with pupils in a secondary school in the domain of technology and with students learning programming at the Télé-université of Québec. This article presents the model of collective activities, the computer environment and the experiments.
Expérimentations sur l’utilisation d’un logiciel de modélisation par petits groupes d’élèves
Authors: Komis Vassilis , Dimitracopoulou Angélique , Politis Panagiotis , Avouris Nikolaos
Published: May 2018

Dans cet article nous présentons quelques résultats concernant l’utilisation du logiciel ModelsCreator, dans un cadre de résolution des problèmes, par de petits groupes d’élèves du collège dans des activités de modélisation scientifique. Il s 'agit d 'un logiciel d’apprentissage destiné à permettre aux élèves de créer des modèles, réfléchir sur leur comportement et éventuellement sur leurs limites de validité. ModelsCreator est un environnement ouvert permettant de travailler sur des entités (représentant des objets ) et sur leurs propriétés (représentant des concepts) qui se lient par des relations d’ordre qualitatif semi-quantitatif (expression qualitative des formules mathématiques) ou quantitatif.
Technologies et formation à distance
Authors: Hotte Richard , Leroux Lium Pascal
Published: May 2018

Notre intention, dans ce papier introductif, est de préciser les contextes universitaires et les approches pédagogiques sous-jacentes dans lesquels les travaux en formation en ligne sont engagés et l’influence de ces contextes sur ces mêmes travaux. Ce positionnement devrait faciliter la lecture, l’interprétation et la compréhension des articles de ce numéro spécial voire de s’assurer, par la même occasion, de l’intelligibilité du discours actuel sur la formation à distance. Nous voulons rendre accessible les contributions à ce numéro aux deux cultures francophones universitaires principalement concernées, la France et le Québec, où l’expérience de la formation à distance et, également, l’usage des technologies de l’information et de la communication en éducation nous apparaissent marquées par des différences significatives.
Les limites actuelles de l’apprentissage collaboratif en ligne
Authors: Arnaud Michel
Published: May 2018

L’examen d’une pratique collaborative à distance au travers des trois premières promotions du DESS UTICEF de Strasbourg 1, montre un éventail de comportements de la part des étudiants allant de l’adhésion à la collaboration, à une préférence pour la coopération et enfin à la persistance du travail en solitaire. Ces attitudes s’insèrent dans trois profils d’apprenants : accrocheurs, sérieux, indépendants. Notre analyse nous incite à rester prudents quand il est envisagé d’appliquer le modèle collaboratif à des cohortes nombreuses en utilisant des outils informatiques permettant de démultiplier l’action des tuteurs.
COW, un service de support d’exécution de scénarios pédagogiques
Authors: Vantroys Thomas , Peter Yvan
Published: May 2018

Cet article présente un service de support d’exécution de scénarios pédagogiques conçu pour être intégré dans des plates-formes de formation existantes. Dans un premier temps nous prenons un point de vue ingénierie des plates-formes afin d’identifier les processus de conception et d’utilisation ainsi que les acteurs qui y sont associés. Dans un deuxième temps nous présentons les caractéristiques nécessaires que doit offrir notre service afin que les différents acteurs puissent gérer et utiliser des scénarios pédagogiques. La suite de l’article est consacrée à la présentation de la conception et de l’utilisation du service que nous avons développé. Nous présenterons plus en détail l’implémentation et la gestion des modèles de notre service qui est basé sur un système de workflows flexible.
Leçons tirées du couplage entre un LCMS et un LMS
Authors: Gebers Freitas Erik , Campana Paul , Ettori Fernand , Papi Raphael , Majada Manuel
Published: May 2018

Les systèmes de gestion de formations se présentent le plus souvent comme des applications tout-en-un, prenant en compte aussi bien la diffusion des contenus de formation que leur production. Or, lorsque nous sommes confrontés à une problématique d’industrialisation de la production des contenus de formation, cette approche est insuffisante. Nous présentons dans cet article une architecture où la production et la diffusion des contenus sont assurées par des systèmes distincts. Malgré le problème d’interopérabilité intrinsèque à une telle approche, nous verrons que cette dernière est mieux adaptée à des contextes de production massive de contenus de formation. Sa mise en oeuvre dans le cadre du projet PISPN illustre les implications d’une telle architecture et nous permet de réaliser une étude pratique de l’interopérabilité de ces deux types de systèmes avec le standard SCORM.
Simulation globale en réseau pour le FLE ? La plate-forme informatique MEPA-2D
Authors: Lehuen Jérôme , Kitlinska Sylwia
Published: May 2018

Cet article traite d’environnements de type «jeux de rôles en réseau » pour l’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère. À partir d’un bref état de l’art, nous dégageons un ensemble de critères qui permettent de caractériser les plates-formes dédiées à la pratique communicative d’une langue étrangère, ou utilisées comme tel dans le cadre d’activités de type jeux de rôles. Ensuite, nous présentons MEPA-2D, une nouvelle plateforme que nous avons prototypée et mise à l’essai dans des contextes et avec des publics variés. MEPA-2D est un système client-serveur qui permet à des apprenants, à des enseignants, et à des agents logiciels d’agir et d’interagir à distance dans un monde virtuel partagé. En favorisant la collaboration au sein d’un groupe d’apprenants encadrés par un réseau de tuteurs, MEPA-2D tente d’articuler les principes du socioconstructivisme, de l’étayage Brunerien et de l’apprentissage collaboratif.
Évaluation d’un logiciel éducatif dans deux contextes de communication : face à face et synchrone à distance
Authors: Lainé Aurélie , Ortiz Wallner Alexandra , Weil-Barais Annick
Published: May 2018

Cette recherche compare les échanges entre pairs dans différentes situations de collaboration (en face à face ou à distance) impliquant des collégiens, ou des étudiants confrontés à une tâche de construction d’une carte conceptuelle à l’aide du logiciel ModellingSpace. La première étude a impliqué 11 dyades d’étudiants ; la moitié des dyades communique en face à face, et l’autre moitié à distance. Dans la seconde étude, la modalité de communication à distance a été répliquée auprès d’élèves d’une classe de 4 e (âgés de 14 ans en moyenne), 8 dyades au total. Les analyses concernent la structure et le contenu des échanges. Il s’avère que, chez les étudiants, le mode de communication a un impact sur les échanges enregistrés du point de vue de la structure des échanges, mais pas de leur contenu, sans incidence sur la qualité des productions. Les échanges des adultes et des adolescents communiquant à distance présentent le même type de structure mais les contenus des échanges sont différents. Ces résultats font l’objet d’une discussion en relation avec des préoccupations liées à l’évaluation des logiciels éducatifs.
Une présentation des principales méthodes d’évaluation des EIAH en psychologie cognitive
Authors: Jamet Éric
Published: May 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une série de méthodes d’évaluation des EIAH utilisée en psychologie cognitive. Dans ce champ disciplinaire, l’utilisation de la méthode expérimentale et le recueil d’indices comportementaux variés permettent d’obtenir des indications objectives de l’efficacité d’un EIAH en termes d’apprentissage. Après avoir rappelé quelques éléments théoriques liés à l’apprentissage, on présentera les outils d’évaluation les plus utilisés dans ce champ en distinguant les mesures réalisées pendant ou après l’apprentissage.
Conception d’outils de communication spécifiques au contexte éducatif
Authors: George Sébastien , Bothorel Cécile
Published: May 2018

Dans un contexte de formation à distance, le simple fait de fournir des outils classiques de communication (forum, chat, …) n’est pas toujours suffisant pour faire émerger des interactions entre apprenants et ainsi favoriser la construction collective de connaissances. Une solution consiste alors à proposer des activités collectives qui incitent les apprenants à communiquer. Mais, même dans ce cas, les outils peuvent parfois devenir un frein à la communication. Nous présentons dans cet article des expériences de conception d’outils de communication particuliers qui ont pour but de faciliter ou d’orienter les communications dans un contexte éducatif, voire même d’inciter les interactions en dehors de toute activité collective prescrite. Nous décrivons des outils de communication synchrone (chats semi-structurés) et asynchrone (forum temporellement structuré, forum contextuel), ainsi qu’un système facilitant l’entraide entre apprenants d’une formation en ligne.
La méthode des Pléiades : un formalisme pour favoriser la transférabilité et l’instrumentation des scénarios pédagogiques
Authors: Villiot-Leclercq Emmanuelle
Published: May 2018

Cet article se situe dans le contexte de la recherche en EIAH (Environnements Informatisés pour l’Apprentissage Humain), et il porte plus particulièrement sur la dimension de la scénarisation pédagogique instrumentée. Il vise à explorer et à proposer des formalismes d’expression des scénarios pédagogiques qui permettraient à un scénario d’être facilement réutilisable par un enseignant et un concepteur pédagogique. Notre méthodologie de recherche est fondée sur une double approche : une approche par modélisation et une approche centrée usager. Elle vise l’élaboration de modèles théoriques en interaction avec les praticiens de la formation et intègre des évaluations aux diverses étapes de la modélisation. Nous proposons une méthode permettant l’explicitation des intentions des enseignants et favorisant la transférabilité des scénarios.
La prise en compte des émotions : une solution pour les logiciels éducatifs pour enfants déficients intellectuels
Authors: Michel Gabriel , Jobert Magali
Published: May 2018

Les enfants déficients cognitifs sont oubliés par les technologies

éducatives. Nous montrons d’abord qu’il existe peu de logiciels qui leur sont adaptés. Notre travail avec ces enfants, les éducateurs et les parents a abouti à la conception d’un didacticiel spécifique plus compatible que les logiciels actuels et a permis de construire un certain nombre de recommandations ergonomiques. Mais pour aller plus loin, nous avons fait le pari de l’introduction des émotions dans nos interfaces. Nous avons reconstruit un univers virtuel qu’on ne trouve pas dans les didacticiels actuels, souvent neutres et lisses : il s’agit d’un univers de contes qui relate des histoires crues qui semblent réelles et qui sont souvent plus proches de la réalité de ces enfants. Les premières évaluations de ce didacticiel sont prometteuses.
Modéliser l’organisation du tutorat pour assister la description de scénarios d’encadrement
Authors: Gounon Patricia , Leroux Pascal
Published: May 2018

Le travail présenté dans cet article s’intéresse à la conception d’activités d’encadrement d’apprenants dans le cadre de Formation en Ligne (FEL). Notre problématique porte sur la question du soutien pour la conception d’une FEL et plus précisément l’assistance à la description de l’encadrement des apprenants dans le but de spécifier les rôles et interventions du tuteur ainsi que les outils supports à son activité. À partir d’une étude des travaux sur la prise en compte du tutorat dans des dispositifs d’apprentissage à distance, nous avons élaboré le modèle d’organisation du tutorat Triton et sa méthodologie d’utilisation. Nous montrons l’intérêt et la facilité de son intégration dans des langages de modélisation pédagogique (EML) à travers deux cas d’études que sont IMS-LD et LDL pour lesquels nous proposons une extension permettant d’enrichir le scénario d’encadrement.
Des interactions sociales en formation universitaire à distance. Une approche microsociologique exploratoire et inférentielle
Authors: Régnier Jean-Claude , Pradeau Annick
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses on the organization of social interaction in an online training of university students. It was supposed that despite the distance between students, mutual interactions are rich and structured. Technical constraints and spatio-temporal characteristics influence on participants who participate in social interaction. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the theory of Erving Goffman. The traces of exchanges between six students engaged in collaborative learning on a forum for discussion of FORSE campus were observed. We propose to treat this digital environment to a new frame of experience where an interactional order is established which is better under-stood.
Exploration de la métalepse dans les "serious games" narratifs
Authors: Allain Sébastien , Szilas Nicolas
Published: May 2018

Dans le contexte des «serious games » , cet article vise à poser les bases d’une écriture narrato-cognitive utilisant la «métalepse » pour fournir de façon plus efficace des commentaires pédagogiques. Nous décrivons théoriquement le rôle possible de la métalepse narrative dans l’apprentissage en nous appuyant sur le conflit cognitif piagétien, puis le conflit sociocognitif. La relation sociale est alors définie entre l’apprenant et deux énonciateurs potentiels, l’un d’origine fictive et l’autre dit «énonciateur réel » . Ces deux instances sont décrites comme issues de constructions sémio-pragmatiques déclenchées par la métalepse. Cette exploration théorique a donné lieu à l’écriture d’un serious game qui nous permet d’illustrer la métalepse selon trois modalités possibles, dont deux sont qualifiées de «sociocognitives » . Ces différentes modalités de la métalepse couplées à l’émergence d’énonciateurs proposent de repenser le rôle et l’intervention du concepteur ainsi que la portée du dispositif : suivant la métalepse, l’apprentissage n’est pas confiné à la fiction, mais en relation avec l’auteur et ouvert sur le réel.
Évaluation des effets d’entraînements avec tablette tactile destinés à favoriser l’écriture de lettres cursives chez des enfants de Cours Préparatoire
Authors: Jolly Caroline , Gentaz Edouard
Published: May 2018

Handwriting is a complex activity involving perceptuo-motor, cognitive and linguistic skills, and requires several years of formal training for a correct mastering. In this context, we evaluated two different trainings – using a touchpad or on paper – aiming at improving cursive letters handwriting in 1st-grade children presenting a delay in handwriting acquisition. The training using a tactile interface included demo videos showing the correct sense of production of cursive letters. A comparative analysis of the kinematic characteristics of handwriting before and after training showed a significant improvement of handwritten performances, in particular at the level of writing fluency, in children trained on the touchpad compared to children trained on paper or to non-trained children. These results are discussed in regards to the specificity of contributions of tactile devices.
Analyse des intentions d’usage d’un ENT chez les enseignants de lycées professionnels
Authors: Giacomini Pacurar Ecaterina , Abbas Nargis
Published: May 2018

This research analyzes the intention use of digital work environment (DWE) by the secondary school teachers in France. It was investigated if there are significant correlations between teachers DWE intention use, subject teaching and gender difference. A theoretical framework is used to propose a hypothetical model. The gender, the subject teaching, the use of computers at home and the technical skills are the exogenous variables in this hypothetical model in order to measure the degree of significance of these variables on the intention use of DWE in secondary school. A survey research design was adopted to collect the data on the DWE use from the Academy of Strasbourg Institution. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA was used to measure the difference among the groups. While structural equation modeling technique was used to test and validate the proposed model. The results tend to demonstrate that the DWE is perceived primarily as a “ communication tool“ or as a means to achieve the prescribed uses by the academic institutions.
Utilisation en classe d’un jeu sérieux sur table interactive avec objets tangibles pour favoriser l’activité des élèves : une évaluation comparative en cours préparatoire
Authors: Kubicki Sébastien , Pasco Denis , Arnaud Ingrid
Published: May 2018

In this study, we evaluate in which extent a tangible tabletop interface can enhance students’ activity involve in playing a serious game. Participants were eleven first grade students. Each group practiced the game in class and then, the same serious game for a tangible tabletop interface. Time on task of each student was measured in the two conditions of practicing the game. Results indicate that the time students spend on task in playing the serious game on a tangible tabletop interface is significantly higher than the time they spend on task when playing the game in class. However, results revealed interindividual differences. Finally, data shown that students’ activity is mostly asynchronous in playing the serious game on a tangible tabletop interface while their activity is mostly synchronous in playing the game in class.
Étude des déterminants psychologiques de la persistance dans l’usage d’un jeu sérieux : évaluation de l'environnement optimal d'apprentissage avec Mecagenius®
Authors: Heutte Jean , Galaup Michel , Lelardeux Catherine , Lagarrigue Pierre , Fenouillet Fabien
Published: May 2018

L''objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence que des concepts clés de la motivation sont pertinents pour évaluer l’usage d’un

serious game. Les résultats de l’étude exploratoire menée auprès d’étudiants (N= 115) impliqués dans l’expérimentation in situ, in vivo de Mecagenius ® (jeu dédié aux formations en génie mécanique) permettent aussi confirmer la pertinence de l’usage de l’échelle de mesure du flow en éducation (EduFlow) pour l’évaluation de l’expérience optimale d’apprentissage avec un serious game. Il apparaît par ailleurs qu’EduFlow est bien en relation avec des mesures spécifiques au contexte scolaire comme l’autoefficacité, l’intérêt, et le climat motivationnel.