bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La literatura de viajes y el transporte en Galicia desde el último tercio del siglo XVIII hasta mediados del XIX
Authors: Lindoso-Tato Elvira , Vilar-Rodríguez Margarita
Published: November 2015

España, en general, y Galicia, en particular, permanecieron alejadas de las rutas del Grand Tour, exponente principal del turismo moderno iniciado en Gran Bretaña. El desconocimiento del territorio y el deficiente estado de los transportes terrestres contribuyeron a este alejamiento, entre otros factores. Así, el trabajo se centra en el análisis de ambos obstáculos al primer desarrollo del turismo en Galicia entre finales del siglo XVIII y mediados del siglo XIX, antes de la construcción del ferrocarril. Por un lado, se analiza la imagen que ofrecieron algunos viajeros extranjeros en sus crónicas de viaje por tierras galaicas y, por otro lado, se estudia el estado del transporte terrestre de la época. Se observa que los testimonios forasteros sobre la región gallega resultaron escasos en comparación con otros puntos peninsulares aunque aliviaron en cierto grado el desconocimiento que pesaba sobre la comunidad, marcando una serie de puntos de futuro interés turístico. Por último, se realizaron una serie de avances en el transporte terrestre que mejoraron sólo de manera parcial la accesibilidad turística en el último tercio del siglo XVIII.

[gl] España, en xeral, e Galicia, en particular, permaneceron afastadas das rutas do Grand Tour, expoñente principal do turismo moderno iniciado en Gran Bretaña. O descoñecemento do territorio e o deficiente estado dos transportes terrestres contribuíron a este afastamento, entre outros factores. Así, o traballo céntrase na análise de ambos os dous obstáculos ao primeiro desenvolvemento do turismo en Galicia entre finais do século XVIII e mediados do século XIX, antes da construción do ferrocarril. Por un lado, analízase a imaxe que ofreceron algúns viaxeiros estranxeiros nas súas crónicas de viaxe por terras galaicas e, por outro lado, estúdase o estado do transporte terrestre da época. Obsérvase que os testemuños forasteiros sobre a rexión galega resultaron escasos en comparación con outros puntos peninsulares aínda que aliviaron en certo grao o descoñecemento que pesaba sobre a comunidade, marcando unha serie de puntos de futuro interese turístico. Por último, realizáronse unha serie de avances no transporte terrestre que melloraron só de xeito parcial a accesibilidade turística no último terzo do século XVIII.
Primera cita de una población naturalizada de salvelino alpino Salvelinus umbla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) en España
Authors: Aparicio Enric
Published: November 2015

En este trabajo se cita por primera vez en España la presencia del salvelino alpino, generalmente incluido en Salvelinus alpinus, pero recientemente revisado como Salvelinus umbla. La especie fue encontrada en un lago de alta montaña de los Pirineos perteneciente a la cuenca del Garona (Estany Obago, Val d’Aran, Lleida). Probablemente no se trata de una introducción reciente ya que la presencia de una especie de Salvelinus en algunos lagos del Valle de Arán ya era conocida entre los pescadores durante mucho tiempo, pero la identificación de la especie no se había realizado. La distribución de S. umbla en el Valle de Arán parece estar restringida a unos pocos lagos y no se ha extendido a los tramos de río aguas abajo.
Determinación complexométrica de la alúmina en el cemento
Authors: Calleja J. , Fernández Paris J. M.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Carbones pobres. Posible utilización de los productos carboníferos de baja calidad en la preparación de la materia prima
Authors: Folliot A.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Los plásticos en la construcción
Authors: Arredondo Francisco
Published: November 2015

Not available
Cenizas de combustibles españoles. Propiedades aglomerantes
Authors: García de Paredes y Gaibrois Pablo
Published: November 2015

Not available
Estructura y propiedades físicas de la pasta de cemento, fraguado
Authors: Powers T. C.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Viscosity, a key to better asphalt construction
Authors: Griffith John M.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Influencia de la aireación de clínkeres y cementos sobre sus propiedades físicas y mecánicas
Authors: Venuat M.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Uses of polythene pipe in the plumbing trade
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: November 2015

Not available
Estudio de los factores térmicos del horno en zigzag
Authors: Alamán Aurelio
Published: November 2015

Not available
How to measure super-fine pouders?
Authors: Wieland W.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Empleos de las cenizas volantes en la construcción
Authors: Jarrige M. A.
Published: November 2015

Not available
El cemento portland blanco
Authors: Rimathé W.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Alkalis and sulphur in a dust injection klin
Authors: Palvio T.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Los empleos de las cenizas volantes en construcción
Authors: Jarrige M. A.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Ábacos de composición potencial y de fusión del clínker
Authors: Terrier P.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Patología de la construcción "los enlucidos"
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: November 2015

No available
The moulding of wood particles
Authors: Borgin Karl
Published: November 2015

Not available
Low-alkali cement from high-efficiency kilns?
Authors: Clausen C. F.
Published: November 2015

Not available
El ladrillo hueco, elemento resistente en la construcción
Authors: Lamer P.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Determinación complexométrica de trióxido de azufre en el cemento Portland
Authors: Calleja J. , Fernández Paris J. M.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Determinación de la sílice en cementos y arcillas, por insolubilización con gelatina
Authors: Bacle González Bernardo
Published: November 2015

Not available
Problemas que plantea un horno Lepol sencillo para convertirlo en doble
Authors: Rezola García José Miguel
Published: November 2015

Not available
El nuevo Pliego general de Condiciones para la recepción de conglomerantes hidráulicos en las obras de carácter oficial
Authors: Calleja Carrete José
Published: November 2015

Not available
Combustión y combustibles
Authors: Virella A.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Problemas humanos en la empresa
Authors: Arteaga Larumbe José María
Published: November 2015

Not available
La industria francesa del cemento su evolución, sus tendencias
Authors: Coiffu Pierre
Published: November 2015

Not available
Cantidad de polvos arrastrados por los gases que atraviesan un cilindro rotatorio
Authors: Legrand J.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Consecuencias de la ley editada con objeto de mantener puro el aire en la industria del cemento
Authors: Ruhland E.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Consolidación sobre mesas de sacudidas de hormigones compuestos con áridos ligeros
Authors: Walz K.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Conceptos actualizados sobre la molienda del cemento
Authors: Osório de Rocha e Melo José
Published: November 2015

Not available
Un método para determinar la cantidad de cemento en mortero y hormigón
Authors: Mitra J. N. , Mukherjee K. S.
Published: November 2015

Not available
La carretera de hormigón
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: November 2015

Not available
La lucha contra las eflorescencias
Authors: Amrein E.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Influencia del yeso sobre la velocidad de hidratación del cemento portland
Authors: Yamaguchi G.
Published: November 2015

Not available
La determinación de la resistencia a los sulfatos de los cementos, de acuerdo con los métodos rápidos convencionales
Authors: Lieber W. , Bleher K.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Fábrica de cementos portland, en La Robla (León)
Authors: Del Valle Menéndez Antonio , Figueroa Herreras Antonio
Published: November 2015

Not available
Cementos portland blancos que contienen óxido de bario
Authors: Braniski A. , Ionescu T.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Fraguado rápido y falso fraguado en los cementos portland
Authors: Hansen W. C.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Tractor con control automatico
Authors: Chinchilla M.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Resumen sobre tecnología de suelos
Authors: Catton Miles D.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Maquinaria y aparatos para la construcción en invierno
Authors: Schleicher Eugen
Published: November 2015

Not available
Realización y gastos de la construcción en invierno
Authors: Triebel Wolfgang
Published: November 2015

Not available
Evolución de las instalaciones de cocción en las fábricas de cemento de Norteamérica
Authors: Kannewurf A. S. , Clausen C. F.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Materias sintéticas como auxiliares en la construcción con hormigón
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: November 2015

Not available
Influencia que el tipo de conglomerante ejerce en la durabilidad de los hormigones trente a los sulfatos
Authors: De Paredes Gaibrois Pablo G.
Published: November 2015

Not available
El yeso como constituyente de los conglomerantes hidráulicos
Authors: Calleja J.
Published: November 2015

Not available
Investigating behind the lining of the Tunnel of Eupalinus in Samos (Greece) using ERT and GPR
Authors: Tsokas Gregory N. , Jung‐Ho Kim , Tsourlos Panagiotis I. , Angistalis Georgios , Vargemezis Georgios , Stampolidis Alexandros , Diamanti Nectaria
Published: November 2015

The 2.5‐km‐long Eupalinian Aqueduct in the island of Samos, Greece, comprises the most impressive sample of ancient Greek engineering surviving almost intact. The main construction is a tunnel 1036 m long and almost 1.8 m wide excavated from both ends into mainly the massif limestone. In some parts of the overall length of about 240 m, the tunnel is dressed by lining of archaic and Roman age. This is of remarkable quality, and presumably, it protected the parts of the tunnel that were affected by subsidence and cave‐ins. At some particular locations, it suffers deformations and other failures.

Thus, prior to its restoration and protection measures design, an integrated geophysical survey was carried out on the faces of the supporting walls, consisting in ground‐penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography works. The survey aimed to investigate the structure at the unseen area behind the lining.

The thickness of the lining walls was accurately assessed by the ground‐penetrating radar method and proved to be about 0.3 m–0.5 m on average. On the other hand, the width of the excavation behind the walls was predicted and checked at some particular locations with the electrical resistivity tomography works.
Analysis and interpretation of GPR datasets for integrated archaeological mapping
Authors: Conyers Lawrence B.
Published: November 2015

An integrated approach to ground‐penetrating radar interpretation should include not only the standard amplitude slice maps and isosurface renderings but also an analysis of individual reflection traces and adjusted and processed reflection profiles. Only when all those basic datasets are interpreted can the plethora of reflection features at various depths and locations within a grid be understood, especially in complex geological and archaeological settings. Topographically adjusted profiles can provide important clues to changes in reflectivity along a transect, indicating why certain amplitude features are visible (or not) in slice maps. An integration of excavation and outcrop data with reflection profiles can often indicate what features are producing high‐amplitude reflections and which are yielding no reflection at all. Even individual reflection traces can be studied for polarity changes, which can help in identifying the types of buried materials that are producing reflections. All these datasets, some of which are often overlooked, must be integrated during interpretation, especially in complicated ground conditions.
How efficient is an integrative approach in archaeological geophysics? Comparative case studies from Neolithic settlements in Thessaly (Central Greece)
Authors: Simon F.‐X. , Kalayci T. , Donati J.C. , Cuenca Garcia C. , Manataki M. , Sarris A.
Published: November 2015

The geophysical prospection of Neolithic tells imposes specific challenges due to the preservation and nature of the architectural context and the multiple, usually disturbed, soil strata. Contrary to the usual application of a single method, this paper deals with the advantages of using an integrated geophysical approach through the employment of various methodologies to map the Neolithic cultural and environmental landscape of Thessalian tells (magoules) in Central Greece. The success and failure of each method in resolving the various features of the magoules are discussed in detail, and as a whole, they demonstrate the benefits of a manifold geophysical prospection of the sites.
Ethnographie des pratiques légales autour de la revendication des droits fonciers chez les groupes pastoraux de l’État de Khartoum
Authors: Casciarri Barbara
Published: November 2015

Basé sur une enquête anthropologique de longue durée, l’article analyse les pratiques légales mises en place par un groupe d’origine pastorale de la zone rurale de l’État de Khartoum (Soudan), les Aḥāmda, pour s’opposer à la contestation de leurs droits fonciers. Confrontés dans la dernière décennie à un processus de land grabbing visant leurs terres tribales et collectives, les Aḥāmda appuient leurs revendications sur le « paradigme tribal » de l’institution multifonctionnelle de la gabīla et mettent en œuvre un « bricolage institutionnel » qui puise dans divers registres juridiques et institutionnels (coutume, droit étatique et islamique ; oral/écrit ; tribunaux étatiques et chefferies tribales). Leur conceptualisation du ‘urf est également analysée pour révéler à la fois l’enchâssement du juridique dans un domaine socio-culturel plus large et la « faiblesse » de la référence à l’islam au sein d’un pays islamisé depuis plusieurs siècles et gouverné par la sharīʿa depuis 1989.
Inclure les « n’ayants pas droit » : Terres collectives et inégalités de genre au Maroc
Authors: Berriane Yasmine
Published: November 2015

Les terres collectives et leur marchandisation croissante au Maroc ont notamment fait leur entrée dans le débat public en raison des mobilisations protestataires qui s’opposent aux modalités de cette commercialisation. Parmi ces mobilisations, celles portées par des femmes sont les plus visibles. Elles protestent depuis 2007 contre leur exclusion du droit de jouissance sur les terres collectives ; un droit qui leur est finalement attribué par des circulaires ministérielles émises par le ministère de l’Intérieur entre 2009 et 2012. L’article se concentre sur les référentiels utilisés, à différentes échelles, pour légitimer cette inclusion des femmes parmi les listes d’« ayants-droit ». Après avoir illustré le caractère genré de l’accès à la propriété de type collective, l’article analyse comment le ministère de l’Intérieur formule et justifie l’inclusion obligatoire des femmes parmi les bénéficiaires. À travers le cas de la collectivité des Mehdawa, l’article montre, enfin, comment les délégués de cette collectivité légitiment l’application de la nouvelle directive ministérielle au niveau local en réadaptant les arguments mis en avant par l’État.
Les archives vivantes des conservations foncières en Algérie
Authors: Guignard Didier
Published: November 2015

Ces fonds renferment les copies d’actes d’achat, de vente ou de location pour l’ensemble des biens ayant fait l’objet d’une francisation juridique à partir du xixe siècle. Elles ont d’abord été produites par les bureaux des hypothèques, au fur et à mesure de leur ouverture dans la colonie, mais l’institution a continué à fonctionner après l’indépendance en dépit des nationalisations. Si les propriétaires européens sont surreprésentés dans ces archives avant 1962, elles mettent aussi en scène des Algériens, vendeurs, acheteurs ou bailleurs de biens francisés en droit. Le contexte actuel de privatisation redonne à cette documentation une valeur probatoire que les descendants de propriétaires algériens de la période coloniale – grands ou petits – essaient de mettre à profit. L’accès à ces archives est donc sensible et malaisé, en particulier pour les étrangers, sans être interdit.C’est une bonne nouvelle pour la recherche car leur état de conservation et leur richesse qualitative autorisent une grande variété de sujets. Ils pourraient contribuer au renouvellement de l’histoire économique et sociale de l’Algérie aux xixe et xxe siècles.
Building 3D Geometric and Kinematic Models of Five-Axis Machine-Tools for Manufacturing Prosthetic Devices
Authors: Chicea Anca Lucia , Breaz Radu Eugen , Bologa Octavian
Published: November 2015

The paper presents the process of building and testing a geometric and kinematic model of a five-axis machining center, which can be used for accurate cutting processes simulation of complex parts. After building the model, it was be tested by simulating the machining process of a hip joint prosthetic device. The prosthetic device was chosen because of its complex shape and because it was obtained by a 3D scanning process, which means that the part was reconstructed using meshes, instead of surfaces, which makes the toolpath control more difficult.
Theoretical Research for Determining the Static and Dynamic Rigidity of the Machines before Drafting the Remanufacturing Project
Authors: Darabă Dinu , Nasui Vasile , Ungureanu Nicolae
Published: November 2015

By the developed applicative research we look for setting up a procedure for dynamically diagnosing the technological equipment proposed for remanufacturing. Actually, this paper presents some of the results of the research carried out for the establishment an analysis method of the non-functioning technological equipment structure, using the Finite Element Analysis, for stating the own vibration modes, thus based on the structure own frequencies to be stated the maximum critical rotation up to the new equipment would function in the imposed quality and safety conditions. With the proposed procedure we could exactly state the structure own frequencies that yet appear within the working frequencies band of the analyzed technological equipment, and thus we could find the revolutions at which the mechanic system could enter into resonance.
On the Wheelset Vibration due to the Stochastic Track Vertical Irregularities
Authors: Dumitriu Mădălina , Sebeşan Ioan
Published: November 2015

The track vertical irregularities are the originator of the vertical vibrations in the wheelset. These vibrations are further conveyed to the suspended masses of the vehicle, thus generating and maintaining their vibrations. The study of the vibrations behavior of the wheelset plays an important role in the research dealing with the improvement of the vehicle dynamic performance, mainly at high velocities. This paper examines the vibrations behavior of the wheelset during running at speed of up to 200 km/h on a track with stochastic vertical irregularities, which are mathematically represented via the power spectral density. As underlain on numerical simulations, a series of basic features of the wheelset vertical vibrations will stand out, in correlation with the velocity, track quality and its damping. The observations herein prove that the maximum level of vibrations is visible at the frequency resonance of the wheelset on the track. Similarly, it is evident that the wheelset vibrations behavior increases during the running at high velocities on a track with weak damping and low quality.
Aspects of in-Cylinder Mixture Formation Study for a Diesel Engine Fuelled with LPG by Diesel-Gas Method
Authors: Cernat Alexandru , Pana Constantin , Negurescu Niculae
Published: November 2015

The Liquid Petroleum Gas can be use for diesel engine fuelling with significant result in term of pollutant emissions improvement, with important reduction of nitrous oxides and smoke for a LPG dual fuelled diesel engine. Beside this the LPG fuelling affects the combustion process inside the cylinder and also the mixture forming. High degree of homogeneity of the air-LPG mixtures will accelerate the in-cylinder mixture forming between air-LPG and diesel fuel jets, since the LPG-air mixture combustion starts. The paper presents the results of a zero-dimensional, one-zone thermodynamic model developed by authors for diesel fuel jets vaporization and combustion at dual fuelling. The model shows the diesel fuel jet characteristic, the break-up period, the mass flow of vaporized substance on the particle surface, drops vaporization time, air-fuel mixture forming speed, drops combustion time and flame position, showing a significant influence of LPG cycle dose on their characteristic parameters. The drops vaporization and combustion duration decrease for dual fuelling and the flame radius increases. Thus, based on the experimental data, an evaluation model for mixture forming was developed for an automotive diesel engine fuelled with LPG and diesel fuel by diesel-gas method.
The Influence of the Chassis’ Parameters on the Truck Vibrations Transmissibility
Authors: Stan Cornelia , Iozsa Daniel , Oprea Razvan Andrei
Published: November 2015

Abstract. A modal analysis of truck system was performed. Eigen frequencies and eigenmodes are described. In order to validate the model, the engine was tested with various excitations. Acceleration responses were measured and frequency spectral analyses were performed. The transmissibility was calculated as a ratio of the effective accelerations measured at M, R, Cs, Cd points on the truck structure. The eigenfrequencies of the truck structure are sensitive to the numerical parameters of the model. The influence of the thickness of chassis frame and of the geometry’s cross member on the vibrational behavior of the chassis and on the vibration transmissibility from the engine to the cab truck were studied.
Effects of Mechanical Wheel Slide Protection Devices Action on Railway Vehicles Braking Process
Authors: Cruceanu Cătălin , Crăciun Camil Ion , Cruceanu Ioan Cristian
Published: November 2015

The paper investigates the effects of mechanical wheel slide protection devices (WSPD) on the braking capacity for coaches equipped with disc or cast iron block brakes. Decelerations and jerks, that affect the passengers comfort, are also analyzed. An original simulation program, based on experimentally determined air pressure evolutions in brake cylinder is used for this purpose. Results of numerical simulations show that in the case of repeated actuations of mechanical WSPDs, disc brake vehicles are more affected in terms of braking capacity. Regarding jerks during braking actions, in both normal and low adhesion conditions, vehicles equipped with high power cast iron block brake with two pressure levels prove to be more affected.
Influence Shock Attack on Safety Guidance
Authors: Sebesan Ioan , Popa Gabriel , Badea Claudiu Nicolae , Badea Alexandru
Published: November 2015

In track curves may show deviations from the nominal dimensions, in the form of continuous or discontinuous bends which produce dynamic forces of interaction vehicle-path in the transverse direction, which, in addition to the worse ride quality can jeopardize the safety of vehicle guidance. If the vehicle is traveling at a constant speed in a curve with deviations no I cant deficiency box to the mass m will be subject to quasi-static transverse acceleration γT0 or uncompensated centrifugal force Fn. As a result, each axle will act a driving force of the chassis quasi-static force H. Along with the emergence occurs and elastic compression elements and the vehicle track superstructure. Considering that their total stiffness is cy, their static deformation will be yc=H /cy. Therefore, the vehicle can be considered as a simple harmonic oscillator, ie a system table - arc, the arc yc is static deformation.
A Method of Analyzing the Contact between the Wheel and the Railway
Authors: Tudorache Mihela Cristina , Sebeşan Ioan
Published: November 2015

Through the past years numerous theories regarding the contact between the wheel and the railway have been created with the purpose of resolving the interaction issues and improving the dynamical performances of the vehicle. In this context the paper comes with a three-dimensional approach of the contact between the wheel and the railway when there is a load transfer or a dual-contact. The analysis is done through the use of the CONTACT software which assimilates the contact the contact area through half-spaces and it divides it through the method the finite element [1]. In the contact area the linear elasticity theory is respected. CONTACT establishes the shape and size of the contact area between two elastically, deformable bodies found in tangential contact (normal loads). This thing is possible only if the form of the profiles found within the contact area is known. The analysis suggested through the paper validates the applicability of the CONTACT software for the profiles used by CFR and for the analysis of the dual-contact. Also, this approach allows the possibility for a tribological evaluation of the vehicle's behavior while traveling on a rail with excess as well with a rail with super-elevation deficiency.
Evaluation of the Problems that Arise during CFRP Drilling
Authors: Jugrestan Claudiu Ioan , Popa Marcel Sabin , Sattel Stefan , Preja Dan , Vereș Ovidiu Virgil , Cotargă Elena Adina
Published: November 2015

In this paper are presented and analyzed a series of problems that are appearing during the CFRP machining. Due to their properties, the composite materials began to replace traditional materials (ferrous and non-ferrous) in a lot of industries leading out the development of new methods of machining or adaptation of the classic. Unlike traditional material, drilling in CFRP is more difficult due to inhomogeneity of the material, its high hardness but also due to lack of knowledge relating to how these materials behave. This paper investigates different types of tool wears as corner wear, welding, crater wear that are appearing in drilling operation due to the highly abrasive nature of the carbon fibers. Also, here is presented an evaluation that refers to the machined hole quality and describe defects as delamination, pull outs, fibers projections, pyrolysis and shape errors. The main goal of this paper is to verify the current status of technique in CFRP drilling in order to develop and produce a new drill geometry in a cooperation between the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca and the cutting tool company Gühring KG.
Analysis and Optimization of the Piston System Using CAD/CAE Engineering Environment
Authors: Gwiazda Aleksander , Foit Krzysztof , Banaś Wacław , Sękala Agnieszka , Monica Zbigniew
Published: November 2015

This article presents the approach to the problem considered with optimizing the stress distribution and functioning of a crankshaft system of a piston engine. One of possible methods of investigating such a problem is simulation of work of the analyzed mechanical system. This approach allows observing the work of a modeled system and improving the designed system. In this work was applied the PLM Siemens NX software. This advanced CAD/CAE/CAM environment let to model any complex system of a technical mean. Using this environment it is possible to model and analyze new solution, which allow significantly optimizing the functioning conditions of a piston engine. One of such a solution is the MDI system presented in the work.
Effects of Slow-Acting Brakes Application Time Regulated Limits on Freight In-Train Forces
Authors: Cruceanu Cătălin , Crăciun Camil Ion
Published: November 2015

The paper originally investigates the influence of the admitted ranges of slow-acting filling time of brake cylinder on longitudinal dynamics of freight trains, using experimental air pressure data obtained in tests on filling characteristics. Mechanical and pneumatic models are summarized and numerical simulations were performed for a train composed of six wagon train, in different filling characteristics configurations. The results reflect significant effects on in-train forces values, while evolution and disposition of compression and tensile forces between neighbored vehicles in the long of the train are also affected.
Toyota Prius – A Successful Pioneering in Hybrid Vehicle World
Authors: Fileru Iordan Florin
Published: November 2015

With more than 4,000,000 units sold worldwide, Toyota Prius represent a successful story in the hybrid electric vehicles industry. The paper presents the economic and social context that led to the development of this new type of car and the evolution of Toyota Prius, which arrive now at the third generation. This spectacular achievement was the result of an impressive R&D effort that led to hundreds of new inventions and innovations. Some of them (engine cycle, battery, hybrid system etc.) are presented in this paper, with emphasis on truly revolutionary solutions for the automotive industry, which clearly distinguishes Toyota Prius from other hybrid vehicles. Besides the innovative character, these solutions offer better environmental and economic performance, but without compromising the well-known Toyota reliability. Toyota Hybrid System receives his confirmation by the prestigious organization TUV Germany, which ranks Toyota Prius first in reliability top in the recent years. We can thus say that besides the economic and ecological advantages Prius has made an important contribution to growth and strengthening Toyota brand, being a truly successful product.
Thermal Analysis of a DC Motor Cooling System Availing an Engine Test Stand of Electrical Race Car
Authors: Baier Maja , Dziewior Mateusz , Franiasz Jakub , Zuk Michal
Published: November 2015

Thermal analysis of a DC motor cooling system and description of measurement system applied to an engine test stand are the main topics of the paper. The motor that is being tested comes from the electric vehicle of Silesian Greenpower project whose aim is to design and build energy efficient bolids in order to participate in international races in Great Britain. During the designing process of the car, minimizing energy losses and maximizing powertrain efficiency are the main aspects taken into consideration. One of the crucial issues to accomplish these goals is to maintain optimal performance of the motor by applying effective cooling. The engine test stand used in this research was designed especially for Silesian Greenpower vehicles. Thanks to its modular construction and versatility, it enables measuring many different parameters of the motor and powertrain. In this paper the thermal analysis is described as well as how the measuring system of the engine stand works. The thermal analysis described in the article occurred to be very helpful in improving the cooling system and motor performance in the same time. The advanced measuring and control system of the test stand enables conducting versatile analysis of the DC motor and the powertrain.
Analysis of Tribological, Mechanical and Thermal Behavior for an Epoxy-Clay Composite System
Authors: Roman Igor , Ciortan Sorin , Birsan Iulian Gabriel
Published: November 2015

The prediction of polymer properties, based on its composition, it is a complex problem with no easy method to obtain directly and accurately results. Among the tribological properties, the friction coefficient and wear rate are the most interesting ones. The polymers based on epoxy resin, with clay as filler, show different properties depending on the clay concentration. This paper presents an analysis of the polymer properties variation with its filler concentration. Due to the tribological processes complexity, mechanical and thermal properties must be taken into account. The aim of this study is to find an optimal concentration value, with minimal influence on polymer properties. All value properties will be used in a neural network model in order to optimize and predict the composite properties.
Distribution of Longitudinal Forces in the Body of Passenger Trains
Authors: Crăciun Camil Ion , Dumitriu Mădălina
Published: November 2015

The distribution and the size of longitudinal dynamic forces that develop in the train body found in braking system are influenced by the length of the train. To determine these forces, it is used a mechanical model consisting of rigid bodies, representing the train vehicles, connected by elastic and damping elements with the nonlinear characteristic that shapes the buffer and draw-gear. The results based on numerical simulations highlight the emergence of dynamic longitudinal forces during braking, their evolution over time and the distribution of maximum compression and stretching forces that develop in buffer and draw-gear devices, for different lengths of the passenger train.
Analysis and Dynamic of Human Cranio-Cervical Complex Movements
Authors: Ciunel Stefaniţă , Popa Dragoş Laurenţiu
Published: November 2015

Concerned challenge of road safety in research and development, most automotive companies develops more than 50 years, technologies that improve the safety of their vehicles presented. Most research is based on studies carried out in the laboratories accidentology and analysis of human behavior to improve biofidelity test these models in order to develop the most effective equipment to investigate real-life situations that can arise on the road. There are programs on road safety designed around four key areas: prevention, correction, protection and awareness. If, in the best case to protect in case of an incident is crucial to avoid the accident is an absolute priority. Studies show that human error is the basis of 80% of all cases occurring in road events [1]. Today, automotive companies never cease to develop new safety devices which prevent an accident or to protect the passengers. Elections conducted safety relies on a greater degree of prevention, more anticipation, the driver is still the factor responsible for the act of driving Extremely complex, however, and the body structure and reactivity to shock [2]. Shock response is broad and consists of biomechanical response and neuro major spending in the immediate care and rehabilitation.
Some Aspects Concerning the Period of Automotive Air Filters Replacement on the Basis of their Technical Conditions
Authors: Toma Marius , Andreescu Cristian , Negurescu Niculae
Published: November 2015

The engine air supply system is the main source through which impurities from the atmosphere reach inside the kinematic couplings of the engine. The engine protection is ensured by periodically replacement of the air filters. Determining air filters service life is a difficult problem due to different operation conditions of the vehicles. Therefore, air filters are frequently replaced more often than necessary on the principle that a new filter is better than a replaced one. The present paper aims to determine if the air filters replaced during the preventive maintenance activities have reached the end of their service life or they could still be used. The research is based on measuring the pressure restriction and estimating the mass of dust collected by the air filters.
The Use of Logic Programming in Task Planning for Robotized Systems
Authors: Foit Krzysztof
Published: November 2015

Preparing the task for the robotic system takes several steps. Programming a robot, as the last step, is preceded by the analysis of possible variants of its implementation and trajectory planning. However, the first step is to recognize the task and to split it into fragments, according to activity, without the reference how to realize them. The modern robotics seeks the way to shorten the time to of program preparation, developing the so-called "programming at the task level." It consists in writing a program in a language, which is similar to natural one, describing only the basic operations, without going into the details of their realization the robot (like collision-free path selection or communication with the environment through interfaces and sensors). The outcome is, for example the special voice interfaces used in robotized surgery that allow the surgeon to cooperate with assisting robot without the need to divert their attention from the surgical field. In case of industrial robots, this method is treated as the experimental one and the interest is confined to purely scientific. This article discusses some aspects of this method with respect to the first stages of the task planning. A description of the robot’s workspace and defining the basic steps in a language which is similar to natural one, allows the use of logic programming language to generate pseudocode, which eventually leads to the realization of the task. Every activity could be then divided into elementary steps that must be described directly in the robot programming language. The presented method is currently at the early stage of development and does not allow the direct programming of the robot, but the generated pseudocode could be the basis of a complete program.
The Influence of the Errors Introduced by the Actuator on the Positioning Accuracy of the Robots with Parallel Delta 3 DOF
Authors: Andrioaia Dragos , Puiu Gabriel , Ghenadi Adrian
Published: November 2015

In the last years, robots with Delta DOF structure are more and more used in applications of high precision because of their advantages such as: high rigidity, they can be used at high degrees of speed and acceleration. Recently, the robots with Delta 3 DOF parallel structure have been used in the 3D printer’s field. Among the characteristics of the industrial robots, the accuracy has an important role in defining the performances of the industrial robots. The parallel structure Delta 3 DOF is actuated through three servomotor with gearbox. Because the driving systems introduce a series of errors from the nominal articulated coordinates, the positioning accuracy and repeatability are affected. In this paper, the authors study with experimental methods the means in which the errors introduced by the actuator can influence the positioning accuracy. According to the experimental results, the recommendations imposed were obtained in order to increase the positioning accuracy.
Mapping of the Characteristics of a Drive Functioning in the System of CAD Class Using the Integration of a Virtual Controller with a Virtual Model of a Drive
Authors: Herbuś Krzysztof , Ociepka Piotr
Published: November 2015

The paper presents the method of mapping functioning of a 3D model of reciprocating motion drives of a robotic system, which is the final stage of a works transport system, created in the Siemens PLM NX 8.5 CAD/CAE environment. For this purpose, the 3D model of the considered robotized system, prepared for motion simulation in the “Motion Simulation” module of the Siemens NX system. In the elaborated model was defined the suitable components of the system and the joints between them. These components and joints were defined in such a way as it is possible to map functioning of a real drive in a virtual environment. The basis of functioning of such created drive model is information transmitted from a virtual controller basing on the DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange) standard of data exchange. In the adopted communication method between the CAD system and the virtual PLC controller is required to transfer displacement values at individual nodes in such a way as to map functioning of the real system. Therefore in the control program of a virtual controller is stored functioning characteristic of the considered drives system of the reciprocating motion. As the result of conducted work the virtual 3D model, prepared in a system of the CAD/CAE class, was integrated with the virtual controller, taking into account the mapping of functioning characteristic of drives.
Consideration about the Determination and Control of the Key Characteristics as Part of Planning Quality of the Product Development Process
Authors: Tiuc Daniel , Draghici George , Parvu Alina , Enache Bianca
Published: November 2015

Due to the complexity of the product development increasing in Automotive Industry, the key characteristics of the product or manufacturing process become more and more important in the product life cycle. The importance of identification of key characteristics is considerably because of the impact that can occur in costs, product reliability, environment and safety. Each key characteristic is determined according to customer requirements and is controlled and monitored during production phase in order to secure the quality of the product. The identification of key characteristics is performed by a team, after the analysis of customer requirements, norms and regulations requirements and international organization requirements. The key characteristics are marked by a special marking and should be ensured a traceability of key characteristics through impacted documents (drawings, FMEAs (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), control plan, work instructions etc.).
Using Six Sigma Methodology to Reduce Nonconformities
Authors: Bulgaru Marius , Fulea Lucian , Borzan Marian , Bocăneț Vlad , Ilas Silviu
Published: November 2015

The current paper describes the application of the Six Sigma methodology for reducing the number of scrapped parts on the manufacturing line at Start Transmission Comp. The paper shows how the five steps of the method, namely Definition, Measurement and Analysis, Improvement and Control, are applied, as well as the methods and quality tools used.
Solution for Industrial Process Optimization
Authors: Popa Alexandru , Glăvan Dan Ovidiu , Bucevschi Adina , Mortoiu Doina , Gaspar Marcelo Calvete
Published: November 2015

The ring frame is the last machine in the technological process to obtain a high quality yarn. The existing machines in textile industry of our country are equipped with drafting assembly suitable for a series of adjustments. Besides this, the ring frames ensure high draft. The efficiency of this high drafts can be justified through their influence on ring frame production. Another technologic parameter that is related on one hand to the yarn quality and on the other hand to the production is the spindles speed. In this paper it is presented a solution for spinning process optimisation for a yarn Nm 52 made by 45% wool and 55% polyester.
Analytical Solution for Time-Dependent Queue-Size Behavior in the Manufacturing Line with Finite Buffer Capacity and Machine Setup and Closedown Times
Authors: Kempa Wojciech M. , Paprocka Iwona
Published: November 2015

A single reliable-machine manufacturing line with finite buffer capacity is considered, in which each idle period is preceded by a random closedown time, and each busy period is preceded by a random setup time. The stream of arriving jobs is described by a simple Poisson process, while processing (service), closedown and setup times are generally distributed random variables. A system of Volterra-type integral equations for the transient queue-size distribution conditioned by the initial level of buffer saturation is found by using the Markov property of successive service completion epochs and the continuous version of total probability law. A parallel system written for Laplace transforms is obtained and written in a specific form. The solution of the latter system is derived in a compact-form applying the linear algebraic approach. The final representations are found in terms of “input” system parameters (transforms of processing, closedown and setup times’ distributions) and certain sequence defined recursively.
Design for Green Usability: A New User Centered Methodology for Product Development
Authors: Efkolidis Nikolaos , Garcia-Hernadez César , Kyratsis Panagiotis , Huertas-Talon José Luis
Published: November 2015

Nowadays, sustainability is the new trend in product design and treats the environmental issues in a more spherical manner. This is achieved by considering the whole lifecycle of the product in advance. When design is implemented, this approach becomes the conceptual base for developing a great deal of products and services. Many ‘design for X’ methodologies have been developed, refined, and now they are commonly used. The current paper reviews a series of available design methodologies. It classifies them based on the life cycle stage that they are implemented. The vast majority of them have a strong focus on manufacturing issues. Even when they focus on the product-use phase, they are dominated by the manufacturer’s decisions. The users’ interaction with a product may strongly influence its environmental impact, and for this reason designers should put extra effort in order to influence this behavior. Based on this demand there is a necessity for the development of novel methodologies and tools, which would be directly related to the use phase of the products. In recent years, a design methodology called User-Centered Design (UCD) is under consideration with an aim to understand the users’ needs, goals, limitations, possibilities, previous experiences and how they are affecting the user interaction with objects. The present paper proposes a new methodology named Design for Green Usability (DfGU), which is directly linked to the user requirements during the use phase of the product.
Assessment of Production Capacity and Ability of Rapid Response to Changing Customer Expectations
Authors: Paprocka Iwona , Cyba Sonia
Published: November 2015

Companies must respond quickly to customer needs and ensure the desired quality and low price in order to remain competitive in a market. It becomes necessary to create new concepts of production systems that meet all requirements imposed by consumers. The increase of reliability of machines and equipment, staff competence and forecasting a size and subject of demand increase the ability to react quickly to changes in the business environment. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to estimate the agility characteristics of a company (size of demand, interarrival time of orders and reliability of machines) and to verify its production capacity and rapid response capabilities. The characteristics are estimated for three variants of the production system: self-operating company, companies operating in cooperation, company buying additional machine.
Remanufacturing Eco-Design Applied in Industrial Products Lifecycle Management
Authors: Popa Luminita , Popa Vasile
Published: November 2015

The article addresses the issue of using innovative high performance technology, integrated into a unitary concept for (re)manufacturing of various types of industrial products, respecting the concepts of circular economy. This article is focus on methods and applications of remanufacturing concepts at company and inter-company level, applied in the lifecycle management of industrial products, used as resources in circular economy.
Auto Parts Reconditioning According with Circular Economy Principles
Authors: Iuga Butnariu Anca
Published: November 2015

Within circular economy, it is defined only the reuse of raw materials from which these products were manufactured and does not take into account the change of destination of recyclable products.This paper is dedicated to creating some brainstorming processes finalized with a proposal to investigate the elements of a windshield wiper motor, which will be used to achieve an electromechanical system with sensors, that allows access to the house (kennel, shelter, etc,) for dogs or cats. Our brainstorming session aimed at finding of new uses for worn windshield wiper. My proposal was the next: worn windshield wiper to be used as a key element for an "access door for dogs/cats". As a research method we have used multi-criteria analysis.