bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological risk screening of sturgeons introduced for aquaculture in Vietnam
Authors: Bui Thuyet D.
Published: September 2022

Introduced non‐native species are major threats to global biodiversity. In Vietnam, non‐native sturgeons have been introduced and widely cultured, but their potential impacts on native aquatic ecosystems have not been screened. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potential risks that sturgeons likely pose in Vietnam by using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS‐ISK) and interpret outcomes within a management context. Results showed that the Basic Risk Assessment (BRA) scores were 9.0–13.5 and the combined BRA and Climate Change Assessment (BRA+CCA) scores were 5.0–9.5. All five sturgeon species and two hybrid sturgeons cultured in Vietnam were classified as medium risk of invasiveness. Central concerns relating to introduced sturgeons included transmission of new infectious disease agents, and predation and competition for food with native species, especially threatened species. Controlling pathways of sturgeon importation through quarantine processes and preventing sturgeon from escaping into natural waterways are required if sturgeon aquaculture is to be sustainable, native species are to be protected, and biodiversity is to be conserved over the long term.
Place‐making in waterscapes: Wetlands as palimpsest spaces of recreation
Authors: Gearey Mary
Published: September 2022

This paper argues that acknowledging the wide diversity of current recreational practices on English wetlands enables governance practitioners and site managers to appreciate the full extent of contemporary human engagements with these watery ecosystems. These insights can assist those tasked with managing wetland resources to develop more inclusive and sustainable development plans to support a wide range of actors whose connections to wetland spaces are important for their health, wellbeing and sense of self. Enabling sustainable future uses of wetlands will involve recognising and engaging with differential articulations of place‐making within these diverse waterscapes which themselves are in a constant state of transition. This calls our attention to the dynamic nature of wetlands, and the ways in which place‐making in these spaces shifts and adapts to the changing topography and biota within these waterscapes; each encounter with the space is slightly reconfigured and recast every time. Wetlands' liminality also extends to the diverse and often esoteric uses of these ecosystems for recreation in its most encompassing sense; as leisure spaces, places of renewal and as locations of place‐making practices. Drawing upon Barbara Bender's exploration of landscape as phenomenological palimpsest, this paper utilises empirical interview data drawn from a recent research project, ‘WetlandLIFE’, to explore how far contemporary human uses of wetlands engage with processes of restoration and reanimation. Making use of the different leisure narratives of the research participants across five English wetland sites, the paper explores the ways in which ‘place’ is differentially interpreted, enabled and enacted in these saturated spaces. These practises and performances can be functional, prosaic engagements with wetlands; painting, walking, photographing, sitting, reflecting. They can also be anarchic, counter‐cultural and ‘delinquent’; wild‐camping, raving, poaching, partying. The wide spectrum of behaviours and attitudes catalogued reveal the contested use and value of these waterscapes in contemporary contexts.
Patient perspectives on primary care for multimorbidity: An integrative review
Authors: Moody Elaine , Martin‐Misener Ruth , Baxter Larry , Boulos Leah , Burge Fred , Christian Erin , Condran Brian , MacKenzie Adrian , Michael Elizabeth , Packer Tanya , Peacock Kylie , Sampalli Tara , Warner Grace
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Improving healthcare for people with multiple chronic or ongoing conditions is receiving increased attention, particularly due to the growing number of people experiencing multimorbidity (MM) and concerns about the sustainability of the healthcare system. Primary care has been promoted as an important resource for supporting people with MM to live well with their conditions and to prevent unnecessary use of health care services. However, traditional primary care has been criticized for not centring the needs and preferences of people with MM themselves. Our aim was to conduct a review that centred on the perspective of people with MM in multiple ways, including having patient partners co‐lead the design, conduct and reporting of findings, and focusing on literature that reported the perspective of people with MM, irrespective of it being experimental or nonexperimental.

Methods

We searched for published literature in CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOhost) and MEDLINE All (Ovid). Findings from experimental and nonexperimental studies were integrated into collaboration with patient partners.

Results

Twenty‐nine articles were included in the review. Findings are described in five categories: (1) Care that is tailored to my unique situation; (2) meaningful inclusion in the team; (3) a healthcare team that is ready and able to address my complex needs; (4) supportive relationships and (5) access when and where I need it.

Conclusion

This review supports a reorientation of primary care systems to better reflect the experiences and perspectives of people with MM. This can be accomplished by involving patient partners in the design and evaluation of primary care services and incentivizing collaboration among health and social supports and services for people with MM.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patient partners were involved in the design and conduct of this review, and in the preparation of the manuscript. Their involvement is further elucidated in the manuscript text.
Characteristics of the ideal healthcare services to meet adolescents' mental health needs: A qualitative study of adolescents' perspectives
Authors: Meldahl Laia G. , Krijger Lou , Andvik Maren M. , Cardenas Nicole E. , Cuddeford Oliver , Duerto Samuel , Game Julia R. , Ibenfeldt Maya , Mustafa Murad , Tong Mathias , Viksveen Petter
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Despite increased focus on development of mental health services worldwide, many adolescents still hesitate to reach out to the services when they need them. This might be linked to the lack of adolescent involvement in the development of services. This study aimed to explore adolescents' perspectives on the ideal healthcare services to meet their mental health needs.

Methods

A two‐stage qualitative study was carried out to explore the perspectives of adolescents on the healthcare services to support their mental health. In the first stage, data from 295 adolescents attending a mental health seminar were analysed using qualitative content analysis. In the second stage, in‐depth perspectives of 10 adolescent coresearchers were gathered through self‐reflection and group discussions to further explore the categories developed in the first stage. Thematic analysis was used to develop the themes answering the research question. Ten adolescent coresearchers planned the study, collected and analysed data and authored the manuscript, with the support of a senior researcher.

Results

Five themes describe adolescents' perspectives on the ideal healthcare services to meet their mental health needs: (1) Culturally Sensitive and Responsive; (2) Communication of Information; (3) Easy Access; (4) Variety of Support; and (5) Consistency. Culturally Sensitive and Responsive services influenced all other themes. The themes describe suggestions for mental health service improvement, including how to manage the barriers that adolescents face to receive help from the mental health services.

Discussion

This study highlights the importance of culturally sensitive and responsive services. It raises the need for an expanded definition of culture going beyond nationality and ethnic background. Adolescents need flexible services that meet their individual mental health needs. This has implications for practitioners, educators, system organizers and researchers, who should also involve adolescents in planning, implementing and assessing the services. There is a need for a self‐learning system to continuously adapt to user feedback.

Conclusion

This study provides insight into adolescents' perspectives on the ideal mental health services. It offers suggestions for ways to improve services to better meet the individual mental health needs of adolescents. Additional research is needed to further develop and implement service changes, as well as to assess their acceptability, effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness and safety.

Patient or Public Contribution

This is a study lead by adolescents. Adolescent coresearchers have, with the support of a senior researcher, planned and carried out the study, collected and analysed data and authored the manuscript.
Digital morphology in hematology diagnosis and education: The experience of the European LeukemiaNet WP10
Authors: Zini Gina , Barbagallo Ombretta , Scavone Fernando , Béné Marie C.
Published: September 2022

Hematological diagnostics is based on increasingly precise techniques of cellular and molecular analysis. The correct interpretation of the blood and bone marrow smears observed under an optical microscope still represents a cornerstone. Precise quantitative and qualitative cytomorphological criteria have recently been codified by up‐to‐date guidelines for diagnosing hematopoietic neoplasms. Morphological analysis has found formidable support in digital reproduction techniques, which have simplified the circulation of images for educational or consultation purposes. From 2007 to 2019, the Working Group WP10 of European LeukemiaNet (ELN) used, in annual exercises, digital images to support training in cytomorphology and verify harmonization and comparability in the interpretation of blood and bone marrow smears. We describe the design, development, and results of this program, which had 741 participants in‐person or remotely, to which 2055 questions were submitted regarding the interpretation of cytomorphological images. We initially used circulation and presentation of digital microphotographs and then introduced a virtual microscopy (VM). Virtual slides were obtained using a whole slide imaging technique, similar to the one largely used in histopathology, to produce digitized scans of consecutive microscopic fields and reassembles them to obtain a complete virtual smear by stitching. Participants were required to identify cells in labeled fields of view of the virtual slides to obtain a morphological diagnosis. This work has demonstrated substantial improvements in diagnostic accuracy and harmonization with the VM technique. Between‐observer concordance increased from 62.5% to 83.0%. The integrity of the digitalized film image, which provides a general context for cell abnormalities, was the main factor for this outcome.
Implementation of the new EUR IVD regulation and relation with ISO15189 accreditation: Guidance is urgently required for haemostasis testing
Authors: Testa Sophie , Meijer Piet , Lasne Dominique , Mullier François
Published: September 2022

On May 26th 2017 the European Parliament and the Council of The European Union adopted the new regulation on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDR)‐Regulation EU 2017/746‐planned to be applied from May 26th 2022 in substitution to the previous IVD directives (IVDD 98/79 EC). After several health and legal causes due to medical device malfunctions, the European Union (EU) extensively reviewed the previous regulatory, which had remained unchanged since 1998. Aim of the work is to analyse the effects of the new IVDR on the field of haemostasis and thrombosis testing with particular attention to specific clinical conditions. Clinical laboratories will mainly deal with three different situations: (1) Diagnostic test performed with IVDR products used according with clinical indication certified by manufacturers. (2) Diagnostic test performed with certified IVDR products without clinical validation. (3) Diagnostic test performed with reagents classified as Research Use Only (RUO). At present, only few clinical laboratories through different European countries have been prepared to the new IVDR, while many laboratories are not yet aware about crucial aspects of the new process that deeply involves laboratory medicine. In conclusion, each laboratory should be aware of the IVDR certification of the reagents/instruments used in its laboratory. There are several urgent needs regarding IVDR certification: studies about the clinical performance of haemostasis tests, guidelines for LDTs (definition and documentation), internal and external quality controls for the tests recommended/suggested in the guidance/guidelines and finally implementation and/or update of clinical and laboratory guidelines.
Rapid and visual detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk using a recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow assay combined with immunomagnetic separation
Authors: Wang Ya-Lei , Zhang Xin , Wang Quan , Liu Peng-Xuan , Tang Wei , Guo Rong , Zhang Hai-Yang , Chen Zhao-Guo , Han Xian-Gan , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach using lateral flow recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA-LF) combined with immunomagnetic separation (IMS) for the rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk.

Methods and results

Under optimum conditions, the average capture efficiency values for S. aureus strains (104 colony-forming units [CFU] per ml) was above 95.0% in PBST and ~80% in milk within 45 min with 0.7 mg immunomagnetic beads. The RPA-LF assay, which comprised DNA amplification via RPA at 39°C for 10 min and visualization of the amplicons through LF strips for 5 min, detected S. aureus within 15 min. The method only detected S. aureus and did not show cross-reaction with other bacteria, exhibiting a high level of specificity. Sensitivity experiments confirmed a detection limit of RPA-LF assay as low as 600 fg per reaction for the S. aureus genome (corresponding to approximately 36 CFU of S. aureus), which was about 16.7-fold more sensitive than that of the conventional polymerase chain reaction method. When RPA-LF was used in combination with IMS to detect S. aureus inoculated into artificially contaminated milk, it exhibited a detection limit of approximately 40 CFU per reaction.

Conclusions

The newly developed IMS-RPA-LF method enabled detection of S. aureus at levels as low as 40 CFU per reaction in milk samples without culture enrichment for an overall testing time of only 70 min.

Significance and Impact of the Study

The newly developed IMS-lateral flow RPA-LF assay effectively combines sample preparation, amplification and detection into a single platform. Because of its high sensitivity, specificity and speed, the IMS-RPA-LF assay will have important implications for the rapid detection of S. aureus in contaminated food.
Dermatology's call to emergency action on climate change
Authors: Parker E.R. , Boos M.D.
Published: September 2022

Click here to access the podcast for this paper
Race, Nation, and Diaspora in the Southern Caribbean: Unsettling the Ethnic Conflict Model
Authors: Crosson J. Brent
Published: September 2022

In much of the southern Caribbean (i.e., Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana), ethno‐political tensions between numerically commensurable populations of South Asian and African diasporic populations have structured narratives of postcolonial conflict between an “African” and an “Indian” political party, setting the limits of national narratives. This article challenges this narrative on a number of points, drawing on oral histories and ethnographic research. I look at how the assumption of homogenous African and Indian groupings ignores important differences of class and political ideology that disrupt racial essentialism and create what I have called “altered solidarities.” I argue that dominant postcolonial frameworks of creole nationalism, state multiculturalism, and securitization in the Anglophone Caribbean have been unable to recognize these alternate solidarities in the region. [race, nationalism, diaspora, Caribbean, ethnic conflict]
Longitudinal study of the flash glucose monitoring system in type 1 diabetics: An mHealth ally in times of COVID‐19
Authors: Cervantes‐Torres Laura , Romero‐Blanco Cristina
Published: September 2022

Aims and objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the FreeStyle Libre device implantation in adult type 1 diabetics in a Health Area of Castilla La Mancha (Spain) during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Background

FreeStyle Libre is a so‐called mHealth device that supports health care. During COVID‐1 confinement, diabetic patients could have improved their glycaemic monitoring thanks to these devices, although health care in these patients may have been limited due to confinement.

Methods

A 12‐month longitudinal study in which a total of 206 type I diabetics participated, belonging to a single health area. Sociodemographic and analytical data and the Self Care Inventory Revised questionnaire (SCI‐R) were collected. STROBE checklist was followed.

Results

The analysis showed differences related to the use of the sensor. After the study period, patients obtained better levels of basal glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL. In addition, a significant increase in the total score of the SCI‐R questionnaire was observed after the use of the monitor (MD −7.77; 95% CI −10.43, −8.29). The same occurred with different SCI‐R items such as diet (MD ‐2.995; 95% CI −3.24, −2.57), glucose determination (MD −3.21; 95% CI −3.52, −2.91), medication administration (MD −2.58; 95% CI −2.53, −1.96) and hypoglycaemic episodes (MD −1.07; 95% CI −1.21, −0.93). In the analysis by groups, worse values of glycosylated haemoglobin and adherence to treatment (p < .05) were observed in overweight/obese subjects versus those with normal weight after one year of study.

Conclusion

The use of flash monitoring is related to better adherence to most of the recommended habits in diabetes. Nevertheless, there seems to be no relationship with an improvement in physical exercise and preventive aspects of diabetes. A good nursing intervention to support physical exercise and the use of mHealth devices could improve the control of diabetic patients.

Relevance to clinical practice

The use of this mHealth device has shown positive results and reduced complications. Despite less contact with healthcare facilities due to the pandemic, type 1 diabetic patients have improved their blood results and adherence after using the device for one year. Nursing staff should focus on promoting physical activity and routine disease care in type 1 diabetics.
Encouraging resiliency through autoenrollment in supplemental flood insurance coverage
Authors: Conell‐Price Lynn , Kousky Carolyn , Kunreuther Howard
Published: September 2022

Flooding is the most common and costly natural disaster, with losses escalating due to climate change. For millions of US homes exposed to flood risk, property‐level investments in flood resilience offer an attractive strategy to manage losses. But financing such investments remains a challenge. One option is to harness insurance. We use field data of residential flood insurance purchases from a private insurer that offered a supplemental policy (FloodReady) to cover the costs of rebuilding with flood‐resilient materials. We exploit a change in the default purchase option to estimate how default enrollment in FloodReady influences take‐up. We estimate that autoenrollment increases take‐up from 12% to 32%. This dramatic increase suggests that behavioral interventions can be used to improve the financial capacity of homeowners to reduce future flood losses. That said, the fact that most policyholders still actively opt‐out even under autoenrollments indicates the limits of default effects in this context. We discuss potential moderators and implications for default effects across settings.
F‐actin dynamics in midgut cells enables virus persistence in vector insects
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Yan , Liu Wenwen , Wu Kongming , Wang Xifeng
Published: September 2022

Hemipteran insects that transmit plant viruses in a persistent circulative manner acquire, retain and transmit viruses for their entire life. The mechanism enabling this persistence has remained unclear for many years. Here, we determined how wheat dwarf virus (WDV) persists in its leafhopper vector Psammotettix alienus. We found that WDV caused the up‐regulation of actin‐depolymerizing factor (ADF) at the mRNA and protein levels in the midgut cells of leafhoppers after experiencing a WDV acquisition access period (AAP) of 6, 12 or 24 h. Experimental inhibition of F‐actin depolymerization by jasplakinolide and dsRNA injection led to lower virus accumulation levels and transmission efficiencies, suggesting that depolymerization of F‐actin regulated by ADF is essential for WDV invasion of midgut cells. Exogenous viral capsid protein (CP) inhibited ADF depolymerization of actin filaments in vitro and in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells because the CP competed with actin to bind ADF and then blocked actin filament disassembly. Interestingly, virions colocalized with ADF after a 24‐h AAP, just as actin polymerization occurred, indicating that the binding of CP with ADF affects the ability of ADF to depolymerize F‐actin, inhibiting WDV entry. Similarly, the luteovirus barley yellow dwarf virus also induced F‐actin depolymerization and then polymerization in the gut cells of its vector Schizaphis graminum. Thus, F‐actin dynamics are altered by nonpropagative viruses in midgut cells to enable virus persistence in vector insects.
Beyond ethnonationalism: Transnational mobilisation and framing in Kashmir's freedom movement
Authors: Spencer Dustie
Published: September 2022

Since Indian Administered Kashmir's (IAK) ‘summer of unrest’ of 2010, greater attention towards the contemporary Kashmir azadi, or freedom, movement has led to more active transnational organising by Kashmiris studying abroad as well as other young people who sympathise with this movement. Indian political elites have predominately framed the azadi movement as a separatist movement. However, this perception had not been shared by many Kashmiris who argue the territory has never legally been a part of India. The perception of being a separatist movement from outside of Kashmir has also shifted with a growing body of literature documenting human rights abuses alongside raising awareness to an international community of activists, which has led to an evolution of the azadi movement into a movement for social justice and human rights. This has been facilitated by social media spaces and heterogeneous activist groups framing their movement as aligned with other social justice movements and anti‐discrimination campaigns. Framing the Kashmir self‐determination movement as a human rights issue appeals to a wider spectrum of non‐Kashmiri activists, especially those already involved in campaigns against the marginalisation of certain groups.
Myostatin inhibits insulin‐like growth factor 1–dependent citrate secretion and osteogenesis via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase‐4 in a mouse mesenchymal stem cell line
Authors: Liu Xin‐Hua , Pan Jiang Ping , Bauman William A. , Cardozo Christopher
Published: September 2022

Citrate is an indispensable component of bone. Reduced levels of citrate in bone and serum are reported in the elderly and in osteoporosis patients. Myostatin (Mstn) is implicated in skeletal homeostasis, but its effects on osteogenesis remain incompletely understood. Nox4 has critical roles in bone homeostasis. TGF‐β/Mstn‐associated Smad2/3 signaling has been linked to Nox4 expression. Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) has been shown to counteract many regulatory effects of Mstn. However, the crosstalk among Mstn, IGF‐1, and Nox4 is not well understood; the interactive effects of those factors on citrate secretion, osteogenic differentiation, and bone remodeling remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation induced an IGF‐1–dependent upregulation of citrate secretion that was suppressed by Mstn. Inhibition of Nox4 prevented Mstn‐induced reduction of citrate secretion. In addition, Mstn reduced bone nodule formation; these changes were prevented by Nox4 inhibition. Moreover, Mstn increased the ratio of RANKL to OPG mRNAs to favor osteoclast activation. These results indicate that Mstn negatively regulates osteogenesis by increasing levels of Nox4, which reduced IGF‐1 expression, citrate secretion, and bone mineralization while also altering the RANKL to OPG ratio. These findings provide new and highly relevant insights into the osseous effects of myostatin.
X chromosome aneuploidies and schizophrenia: association analysis and phenotypic characterization
Authors: Kushima Itaru , Aleksic Branko , Kimura Hiroki , Nakatochi Masahiro , Lo Tzuyao , Ikeda Masashi , Arai Makoto , Hashimoto Ryota , Numata Shusuke , Okamura Yasunobu , Obara Taku , Inada Toshiya , Ozaki Norio
Published: September 2022

Aim

The aims of the present study were: (i) to examine the association between schizophrenia (SCZ) and 47, XXY or 47, XXX in a large case–control sample; and (ii) to characterize the clinical features of patients with SCZ with these X chromosome aneuploidies.

Methods

To identify 47, XXY and 47, XXX, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed in 3188 patients with SCZ and 3586 controls. We examined the association between 47, XXY and 47, XXX and SCZ in males and females separately using exact conditional tests to control for platform effects. Clinical data were retrospectively examined for patients with SCZ with X chromosome aneuploidies.

Results

Of the analyzed samples, 3117 patients (97.8%) and 3519 controls (98.1%) passed our quality control. X chromosome aneuploidies were exclusively identified in patients: 47, XXY in seven patients (0.56%), 47, XXX in six patients (0.42%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between SCZ and 47, XXY (P = 0.028) and 47, XXX (P = 0.011). Phenotypic data were available from 12 patients. Treatment‐resistance to antipsychotics and manic symptoms were observed in six patients each (four with 47, XXY and two with 47, XXX for both), respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that treatment‐resistance to antipsychotics, mood stabilizer use, and manic symptoms were significantly more common in patients with 47, XXY than in male patients without pathogenic copy number variations.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that both 47, XXY and 47, XXX are significantly associated with risk for SCZ. Patients with SCZ with 47, XXY may be characterized by treatment‐resistance and manic symptoms.
Managing innovation portfolios: From project selection to portfolio design
Authors: Si Haijian , Kavadias Stylianos , Loch Christoph
Published: September 2022

As innovation is critical in driving growth and competitiveness, companies establish innovation (or new product) portfolio processes to select the “right” innovation projects that are allocated the necessary resources. These processes have attracted considerable interest from both academics and practice. However, the results of innovation portfolio management processes are widely perceived as unsatisfactory. This study provides a systematic overview of portfolio management approaches and research advances of the past decades, and it explores the root causes of innovation portfolio management challenges. We propose that the problem is a result of an overemphasis on project selection (from an assumed available list of reasonable candidates), which has led to a focus on analytical methods of portfolio evaluation that are applied generically (not customized to the specific strategy of the organization). As a result, the creation or assembly of initiatives that cover the strategic innovation goals of the organization, in other words, portfolio design as a creative process, has been neglected. The result has been sophistication but little alignment with the specific strategic aims of the organization. We propose that a focus on portfolio design, followed by portfolio evaluation and management (with iteration feedback) may at least mitigate the widely observed challenges. We illustrate with a case example how the process might work. This proposal asks for new empirical research.
Socially relevant and inclusive operations management
Authors: Sunar Nur , Swaminathan Jayashankar M.
Published: September 2022

Many parts of the world are experiencing extreme weather events, energy poverty, food insecurity, and lack of access to basic healthcare. Moreover, concerns over socioeconomic, gender, and racial inequalities are growing. These socially relevant issues are ripe for analysis and improvement using an operations management lens. In this paper, we review some of the relevant research advancements made in the last decade, and identify future research directions on these important topics. In particular, we focus on papers related to sustainable planet (renewable energy, environmentally and socially responsible operations, regulation‐driven operations), agriculture, and public health. For future research directions, we discuss the role of innovative business models and disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain, in addressing these pressing issues.
Characterization, phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity of Bipolaris setariae associated with brown stripe disease on sugarcane in Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Rongyue , Li Yinhu , Long Chaohua , Li Wengfeng , Shan Hongli , Lu Wenjie , Huang Yingkun
Published: September 2022

Brown stripe disease is a severe foliar fungal disease of sugarcane worldwide and is widespread in all sugarcane planting areas in China. Brown stripe is a major disease that seriously affects the output and quality of the sugarcane industry in Yunnan Province, China's second‐largest sugar base, while the pathogen of this disease remains not yet fully understood. To address this, we isolated and identified the fungi associated with 68 leaf samples showing typical symptoms of brown stripe from 22 sugarcane varieties in different areas of Yunnan Province. A total of 113 isolates were obtained, which were morphologically similar. Of these, 64 representative isolates were sequenced for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), GAPDH and EF‐1α loci. All representative isolates grouped with the type strain of Bipolaris setariae in the phylogenetic trees inferred with individual and concatenated sequences of ITS, GAPDH and EF1‐α. Pathogenicity test results showed that B. setariae strains were able to induce typical symptoms of brown stripe. The results obtained in this study clarify that only B. setariae is associated with sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, China. It is recorded here for the first time as a pathogen causing sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, and it is able to infect many major cultivars and new varieties, posing a new threat to the sugar industry in Yunnan Province. In addition, these results provide the scientific basis for the future breeding of disease‐resistant varieties and effective prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.
Is cognitive conflict really effortful? Conflict priming and shielding effects on cardiac response
Authors: Bouzidi Yann S. , Gendolla Guido H. E.
Published: September 2022

Two experiments with N = 221 university students investigated the impact of primed cognitive conflict on effort assessed as cardiac response in tasks that were not conflict‐related themselves. Manifest cognitive conflict in cognitive control tasks is confounded with objective response difficulty (e.g., in incongruent Stroop task trials). This makes conclusions about the effortfulness of cognitive conflict itself difficult. We bypassed this problem by administrating pictures of congruent versus incongruent Stroop task stimuli as conflict primes. As predicted, primed cognitive conflict increased cardiac pre‐ejection period (PEP) responses in an easy attention task in Experiment 1. Accordingly, cognitive conflict itself is indeed effortful. This effect was replicated in an easy short‐term memory task in Experiment 2. Moreover, as further predicted, the primed cognitive conflict effect on PEP reactivity disappeared when participants could personally choose task characteristics. This latter effect corresponds to other recent evidence showing that personal action choice shields against incidental affective influences on action execution and especially on effort‐related cardiovascular response.
Introduction to Charles Mills's “The Wretched of Middle‐Earth: An Orkish Manifesto”
Authors: Jeffers Chike , Gray David Miguel
Published: September 2022

An introduction to the posthumously published essay by Charles Mills, “The Wretched of Middle‐Earth: An Orkish Manifesto.”
Fill the Earth and Subdue It: Christian Nationalism, Ethno‐Religious Threat, and Nationalist Pronatalism
Authors: Perry Samuel L. , McElroy Elizabeth E. , Schnabel Landon , Grubbs Joshua B.
Published: September 2022

What fuels both enthusiasm for increasing “American” birth rates and fears about their decline? Citing the prevalence of fertility campaigns in authoritarian regimes characterized by ethno‐nationalist Christianity, we theorize that, in addition to patriarchal attitudes, perceived ethno‐cultural threat and desire for ethno‐cultural dominance substantially drive “nationalist pronatalism” (promoting fertility to strengthen “the nation” and avoid national decline). We expect pronatalist ideology focused on American births is associated with (1) belief that dominant cultural group members (Whites, Christians, men) are threatened and (2) White Christian nationalism—an ideology that looks to conform American identity and values to those of a traditionalist, ethnicized Christianity. Recent, nationally representative data reveal Christian nationalist ideology is the second strongest predictor of support for nationalist pronatalism, second only behind patriarchal attitudes. This association is stronger for men and virtually non‐existent among Blacks. The belief that Whites or Christians face “the most discrimination” as opposed to various minorities also predicts nationalist pronatalism. Contemporary support for pronatalist ideology focused on American births is thus undergirded not only by attitudes that subordinate women but also (1) an ethno‐racially contingent ideology that insists the United States should reflect and institutionalize traditionalist Christian culture and (2) perceptions that Christians and Whites are persecuted.
The novel HLA‐DPB1 allele, HLA‐DPB1*1344:01, first identified in Korean individuals by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Roh Eun Youn , Lim Sori , Shin Sue , Yoon Jong Hyun
Published: September 2022

HLA‐DPB1*1344:01 has one non‐synonymous nucleotide change from DPB1*02:01:02:01 in codon 117.
THE DESIGN OF EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS: A COMPUTER SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE ON THE COMPATIBILITY OF EVOLUTION AND DESIGN
Authors: Jeavons Peter
Published: September 2022

The effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms is one of the issues discussed in The Compatibility of Evolution and Design, where it is argued that such algorithms are only effective when stringent preconditions are met. This article considers this issue from the perspective of computer science. It explores the properties of problems that can be effectively solved by evolutionary algorithms, and the extent to which such algorithms need to be carefully adjusted. Although there are important differences between the study of evolutionary algorithms in computer science and the study of biological evolution, it is argued that the experience of computer science can help to strengthen the claim that evolutionary mechanisms generally require a considerable degree of fine‐tuning.
Tunable Roton-Like Dispersion Relation With Parametric Excitations
Authors: Cui Jian-Guo , Yang Tianzhi , Niu Mu-Qing , Chen Li-Qun
Published: September 2022

The band gap has been used to control the transmission features of acoustic/elastic waves. Roton-like dispersion relations show that the energy and momentum of acoustic waves are inversely proportional to each other at finite region. To modulate the band gap and obtain the unusual roton-like behavior, the Kapitza’s pendulums and nonlocal connection stiffness are introduced into the linear mass-spring periodic system. The frequency range with the roton-like behavior is modulated via the parametric excitation. Moreover, the dispersion relations show some fascinating phenomena (i.e., the negative/zero-group velocity) under special parameters, which indicate the potential application to control the transmission of acoustic/elastic waves and design a negative/zero-refraction or nonpropagating-vibration structure.
Slip Characteristics in Cylindrical Roller Bearings—Part II: Influence of Cage Type on Rolling Element Slip
Authors: Dawoud Michael , Beitler Stephan , Schwarze Hubert
Published: September 2022

The rolling element slip of an NU215 cylindrical roller bearing fitted with four cage types was studied under various operating conditions. In comparison, a specially designed full complement bearing with the same principal dimensions was also tested as an alternative. Unlike the load zone width, the acceleration zone width was found to be independent of the applied radial force, and when the dynamic force was introduced, the load zone slip was increased. For the full complement bearing, the rollers were found to stall completely in the unloaded zone resulting in a 100% roller slip at the beginning of the acceleration zone. This behavior was also confirmed by using a high-speed camera. For the tested cages, the roller-guidance under a vertically radial force pointing downwards resulted in a secondary load zone where the weight of the cage forces the rollers to contact the rotating inner ring once more leading to decreased overall slip values compared to outer ring guidance while the polyamide introduces higher cage/roller interactions leading to higher load zone slip as well as a wider load zone.
Distribution of Residual Stress in Wire-Arc Additively Manufactured Small-Scale Component: Single- Versus Multi-Level Heat Input
Authors: Srivastava Shekhar , Garg Rajiv Kumar , Sachdeva Anish , Sharma Vishal S.
Published: September 2022

Accumulated heat input during layer deposition causes high residual stress in the Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) components. The developed residual stress results in defects like distortion, delamination, cracks, and low fatigue life. To deal with such engineering problems, numerical methods have always been required. It gives an insight into the system that can be used for real-world applications. Consequently, a sequentially coupled finite element model has been developed to simulate the thermal–structural behavior of the feedstock during and after deposition in the WAAM process. Precisely, a novel multi-level layer-wise heat input approach characterized by four different stages is compared with the layer-wise single heat input strategy. The variation of thermal and residual stress distributions has been studied based on the different cases proposed related to layer-wise multi-level heat loading. A good agreement between predicted and experimentally observed temperature and residual stress values has been observed. The developed framework predicted thermal distribution with an average error of 9.71%, 9.13%, 7.57%, and 4.52% for case #1, case #2, case #3, and case #4, respectively. In addition to that, longitudinal stresses in the modeled component recorded a reduction of 17.94% for four-level heat input (case #4) compared to the respective value observed in case #1. Therefore, a multi-level heat input strategy is recommended over a single-level heat input approach for the components with small deposition lengths manufactured through the WAAM process.
Comparing Gradient-Free and Gradient-Based Multi-Objective Optimization Methodologies on the VKI-LS89 Turbine Vane Test Case
Authors: Hottois Romain , Châtel Arnaud , Coussement Gregory , Debruyn Tom , Verstraete Tom
Published: September 2022

The present paper addresses the multi-objective aerodynamic shape optimization of the two-dimensional LS-89 turbine cascade. The objective is to minimize the entropy generation at subsonic and transonic flow conditions while maintaining the same flow turning. Nineteen design variables are used to parametrize the geometry. The optimization problem is used to compare two major classes of optimization algorithms and at the same time deduce if this problem has multiple local solutions or one global optimum. A first optimization strategy uses a gradient-based Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm. This SQP algorithm allows to directly handle the non-linear constraints during the optimization process. An adjoint solver is used for computing the sensitivities of the flow quantities with respect to the design variables, such that the additional gradient computational cost is nearly independent of the number of design variables. In addition, the same optimization problem is performed with a gradient-free-metamodel assisted-evolutionary algorithm. A comparison of the two Pareto-fronts obtained with both methods shows that the gradient-based approach allows to find the same optimum at a reduced computational cost. Moreover, the results suggest that the considered optimization problem is uni-modal. In other terms, it is characterized by a single optimal solution.
Application of Adjoint-Enhanced First Order Second Moment Method for Robust Design Optimization of a High Pressure Compressor Rotor
Authors: Dittmann Max , Schmidt Robin , Meyer Marcus
Published: September 2022

This paper applies the computationally advantageous combination of a differential analysis technique and the adjoint method in the context of uncertainty quantification to the gradient-based robust design optimization of aerofoils. First, the accuracy and feasibility of the method is evaluated using an analytical test function. The method is subsequently applied to the robust design optimization of a rotor blade under geometric uncertainty, that is based on a parametrized population of optically 3D scanned blades. A significant improvement of the robustness w.r.t. the isentropic efficiency of the rotor is reported.
Lysosomal enzyme trafficking factor LYSET enables nutritional usage of extracellular proteins
Authors: Pechincha Catarina , Groessl Sven , Kalis Robert , de Almeida Melanie , Zanotti Andrea , Wittmann Marten , Schneider Martin , de Campos Rafael P. , Rieser Sarah , Brandstetter Marlene , Schleiffer Alexander , Müller-Decker Karin , Helm Dominic , Jabs Sabrina , Haselbach David , Lemberg Marius K. , Zuber Johannes , Palm Wilhelm
Published: September 2022

Mammalian cells can generate amino acids through macropinocytosis and lysosomal breakdown of extracellular proteins, which is exploited by cancer cells to grow in nutrient-poor tumors. Through genetic screens in defined nutrient conditions, we characterized LYSET, a transmembrane protein (TMEM251) selectively required when cells consume extracellular proteins. LYSET was found to associate in the Golgi with GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, which targets catabolic enzymes to lysosomes through mannose-6-phosphate modification. Without LYSET, GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase was unstable because of a hydrophilic transmembrane domain. Consequently, LYSET-deficient cells were depleted of lysosomal enzymes and impaired in turnover of macropinocytic and autophagic cargoes. Thus, LYSET represents a core component of the lysosomal enzyme trafficking pathway, underlies the pathomechanism for hereditary lysosomal storage disorders, and may represent a target to suppress metabolic adaptations in cancer.
COVID-19 and children
Authors: Pierce Carl A. , Herold Kevan C. , Herold Betsy C. , Chou Janet , Randolph Adrienne , Kane Binita , McFarland Sammie , Gurdasani Deepti , Pagel Christina , Hotez Peter , Cobey Sarah , Hensley Scott E.
Published: September 2022

There has been substantial research on adult COVID-19 and how to treat it. But how do severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections afflict children? The COVID-19 pandemic has yielded many surprises, not least that children generally develop less severe disease than older adults, which is unusual for a respiratory disease. However, some children can develop serious complications from COVID-19, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Long Covid, even after mild or asymptomatic COVID-19. Why this occurs in some and not others is an important question. Moreover, when children do contract COVID-19, understanding their role in transmission, especially in schools and at home, is crucial to ensuring effective mitigation measures. Therefore, in addition to nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as improved ventilation, there is a strong case to vaccinate children so as to reduce possible long-term effects from infection and to decrease transmission. But questions remain about whether vaccination might skew immune responses to variants in the long term. As the experts discuss below, more is being learned about these important issues, but much more research is needed to understand the long-term effects of COVID-19 in children.
Polygenic Analysis of Tolerance to Carbon Dioxide Inhibition of Isoamyl Acetate “Banana” Flavor Production in Yeast Reveals
MDS3
as Major Causative Gene
Authors: Souffriau Ben , Holt Sylvester , Hagman Arne , De Graeve Stijn , Malcorps Philippe , Foulquié-Moreno Maria R. , Thevelein Johan M.
Published: September 2022

The upscaling of fermentation to very tall cylindroconical tanks is known to negatively impact beer flavor. Most notably, the increased CO
2
pressure in such tanks compromises production by the yeast of the desirable fruity “banana” flavor (isoamyl acetate).
Paracoccidioidomycosis: Current Status and Future Trends
Authors: Hahn Rosane Christine , Hagen Ferry , Mendes Rinaldo Poncio , Burger Eva , Nery Andreia Ferreira , Siqueira Nathan Pereira , Guevara Armando , Rodrigues Anderson Messias , de Camargo Zoilo Pires
Published: September 2022

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), initially reported in 1908 in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, by Adolpho Lutz, is primarily a systemic and neglected tropical mycosis that may affect individuals with certain risk factors around Latin America, especially Brazil.Paracoccidioides brasiliensissensu stricto, a classical thermodimorphic fungus associated with PCM, was long considered to represent a monotypic taxon. However, advances in molecular taxonomy revealed several cryptic species, includingParacoccidioides americana,P. restrepiensis,P. venezuelensis, andP. lutzii, that show a preference for skin and mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and respiratory organs but can also affect many other organs.
Legionella pneumophila Cas2 Promotes the Expression of Small Heat Shock Protein C2 That Is Required for Thermal Tolerance and Optimal Intracellular Infection
Authors: Campbell Jackson A. , Cianciotto Nicholas P.
Published: September 2022

Previously, we demonstrated that Cas2 encoded within the CRISPR-Cas locus of
Legionella pneumophila
strain 130b promotes the ability of the
Legionella
pathogen to infect amoebal hosts. Given that
L. pneumophila
Cas2 has RNase activity, we posited that the cytoplasmic protein is regulating the expression of another
Legionella
gene(s) that fosters intracellular infection.
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Infection Promotes the Self-Renewal of Porcine Intestinal Stem Cells via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Yang Ning , Zhang Yunhang , Fu Yuguang , Li Yang , Yang Shanshan , Chen Jianing , Liu Guangliang
Published: September 2022

The intestinal epithelium is a physical barrier to enteric viruses and commensal bacteria. It plays an essential role in maintaining the balance between the host and intestinal microenvironment.