bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of loss of stability of local delaminations caused by high-speed impact
Authors: Bokhoeva L.A. , Baldanov A.B. , Rogov V.E.
Published: December 2022

Delamination of a composite may occur as a result of high-speed impact under the action of shock-wave unloading. Delamination could grow further under operation with the subsequent composite destruction. This paper presents analytical expressions for values characterizing the delamination critical loss of stability and describing their non-linear delaminating deformation resulting from the impact. Elastic characteristics of the thin-walled delamination of a multilayer package, elastic characteristics of separate layers included in it depending on the shear modulus, elastic moduli, Poisson ratio, thickness, and orientation angle of fibers of the unidirectional layer were determined. A technique for numerical simulation and calculation of the structural elements made of layered composite materials with allowable defects such as delamination was developed in the ANSYS Mechanical system to solve problems of the plates’ supercritical behavior.
Semi-empirical analysis of the initial stage of the growth of the deception point beyond the shock wave front
Authors: Andreev S.G.
Published: December 2022

The paper presents analysis results of the initial stage of decomposition of phlegmatized RDX behind the front of a shock wave with pressure at the front approximately equal to 2 GPa, presumably during the time preceding the merging of the initially isolated decomposition centers. In this case, the time dependences of the mass fraction of explosive decomposition products behind the shock wave front and their specific volume obtained by processing the results of experiments carried out by the method of quasi-thin layers (layers tenths of millimeters thick placed between blocks of an inert reference material) are used. Based on the dynamics of changes in the parameters of the state of the reacting charge revealed from the results of the experiment, the time dependences of the characteristics of the matrix explosive movement around the decomposition site were established within the framework of an elementary spherical charge cell model. It is taken in the form of a sphere containing a central pore filled initially with air. Time dependences (within tenths of a microsecond) of the radius of the decomposition site, represented as a spherical cavity filled with explosive combustion products and compressible initial pore gas, are obtained; tangential deformation and its velocity on control spherical surfaces located at different distances from the surface of the decomposition site; strains and strain rates on the spherical combustion surface are revealed. The influence on the estimates of these characteristics of the concentration of decomposition sites in the range of variation 1012....1013 m–3 and the residual air pressure in the pores remaining after the pressing of charges (0,1 MPa and 1 MPa). Deformations and strain rates on the surface of the decomposition site, considered as a combustion surface, can reach values equal to 25% and 106 1/s, respectively. The surface area of the decomposition site can be an order of magnitude greater than the combustion surface area, which would be if the specific volume of decomposition products was not significantly less than that of the explosive. The speed of displacement of the surface of the decomposition site can exceed the linear combustion rate by an order of magnitude.
Influence of the design of a separable junction between the grid composite adapter and the spacecraft hull on their natural oscillation frequencies
Authors: Eremenko A.A. , Azarov A.V.
Published: December 2022

Grid composite structures are widely used in rocket and space technology as the payload adapters and the hull load-bearing structures (HLBS) of a spacecraft. An important parameter for these structures, along with the strength characteristics, is the minimum natural oscillation frequency. The article considers layout of the Express-1000 satellite platform consisting of a grid composite adapter and the spacecraft grid composite HLBS with a separable junction between them. The paper studies the influence of the number of pyro-locks and the thickness of the frames on the natural oscillation modes of the adapter and the HLBS assembly. Calculation was carried out by the finite element method, the number of fixing points of the hull to the adapter and the thickness of the end frames were varying, and the forms of natural oscillations and their corresponding frequencies were determined. Using the obtained dependences, it becomes possible to determine the rational number of fixing points and the thickness of the HLBS and the adapter.
Contributions of Behavior Analysis to the study of the phehomenon of xenophobia: a literature review
Authors: Ijanc Neto Conrado E. , Picoli Aline , Aggio Natália M.
Published: December 2022

The refugees crisis is an issue of great social relevance, which in turn, is followed by a discussion about behaviors related to rejection towards foreigners, named as xenophobia. Given the importance of this theme, along with the perspective of the potential of behavior analysts debates for social issues solving, the purpose of this study was to perform a literature review about xenophobia, covering published papers whose theoretical reference was sup­ported in Behavior Analysis. The search was conducted through the keywords “xenophobia”, “refugees” or “terrorism”, in April 2021, on PsycINFO APA database and in seven national and international Behavior Analysis journals. The results led to seven papers, all published in English between 1991 and 2019. Five of them consisted in empirical studies, whereas the other two presented theoretical contributions. It is outstanding that most part of these papers inves­tigate the prejudice against Middle East people, under the argument that, from the September 11 Attacks on, the rejection of North Americans population towards this people has increased. Despite its urgency, no applied research on this topic was found among the aforementioned studies, and all of the empirical ones were based in the conflicting relations paradigm.
Ambient Advertising
Authors: Kulak Sergio
Published: December 2022

A cidade e seus ambientes são palcos para todo tipo de manifestação de mensagens comerciais que visam alcançar e persuadir os consumidores que transitam e utilizam estes espaços em suas vivências cotidianas. Esta pesquisa objetiva compreender de que maneira o formato de publicidade não-convencional denominado Ambient Advertising explora o espaço urbano para envolver seus usuários. Para tanto, o estudo discute o conceito de Ambient Advertising em associação a noção de publicidade não-convencional e analisa cinquenta campanhas desta tipologia a partir da Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin. A metodologia adotada é de abordagem mista, natureza aplicada e exploratória quanto aos objetivos.
categorizações dos treinadores da seleção brasileira
Authors: Mostaro Filipe Fernandes Ribeiro
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo, que é um recorte da tese de doutorado, vamos apresentar as categorizações usadas por três jornais nacionais sobre os técnicos da seleção brasileira durante as primeiras nove Copas do Mundo (1930-1970), período que classificamos como “a invenção do treinador no Brasil”. Partimos da compreensão de que a representação dos treinadores na imprensa vai tornar a pluralidade de possibilidades de sentido sobre esta figura em algo singular. Para mapear essas singularizações adotamos o método de categorização de pertencimento de Sacks (1974). A partir dessa metodologia, analisamos 2.351 reportagens, dentre as quais 577 falavam sobre os treinadores e encontramos as seguintes categorizações: doutor (12), senhor (3), delegado (1), técnico (76), comandante (2), diretor (3), nome de batismo (437), treinador (20), coach (1), selecionador (15), gordo (2), preparador (5). Analisar as expressões usadas sobre essa personagem se torna fundamental para perceber qual sentido foi elaborado para este ator social.
colapso no sistema de saúde em Manaus (AM) durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Teixeira Juliana Fernandes , Andrade Laura Moura de , Brito Vinícius Rodrigues de
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o enquadramento dado ao colapso no sistema de saúde em Manaus, capital do Estado do Amazonas, durante a pandemia da Covid-19 pelos telejornais Jornal Nacional, da Rede Globo, e Jornal da Record, da TV Record. Esta pesquisa se alça na justificativa de que abordagem jornalística dada a este assunto interfere diretamente no processo de formação da opinião pública e individual sobre a pandemia, a necessidade de ação do Estado e da sociedade como um todo em situações de calamidade pública, além da importância do direito à saúde para todos os indivíduos. Para o desenvolvimento desta análise, utilizou-se referencial teórico o telejornalismo, sob o aporte teórico de Becker (2005) e Vizeu e Correia (2008), e como metodologia o enquadramento, sob o aporte teórico de Entman (1993) e Reese (2001). Foram coletadas quatro edições, sendo duas de cada telejornal proposto a ser analisado, dos dias 14 e 15 de janeiro de 2021, datas em que o colapso no sistema de saúde da capital amazonense chegou ao ápice. A partir desta análise pôde-se verificar que os dois noticiários giram em torno de dois enquadramentos principais: o testemunho de familiares de vítimas da crise de oxigênio na capital do Amazonas e as medidas adotadas pelo poder público para cessar o problema. O JR apresenta uma abordagem episódica sobre o assunto, com o foco nos fatos e sem um aprofundamento na problemática. Já o JN possui uma abordagem temática, em que envolve nas edições questões políticas e outros contextos para a explanação do problema.
Revista Poticuir
Authors: Oliveira Junior Ribamar José de , Andrade Alice Oliveira de , Condorelli Antonino
Published: December 2022

Neste trabalho temos como objetivo refletir sobre a dimensão performativa do jornalismo de revista a partir da produção inicial da Revista Poticuir[1], desenvolvida no Departamento de Comunicação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) na cidade de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, no ano de 2019. Na imprensa potiguar, destacamos como a Poticuir dialoga com um tipo de “jornalismo performativo”, sobretudo, pelo que vaza dos retratos e dos textos nas linhas de fuga que fazem das palavras o ato na medida que são ditas na escrita. Pelo próprio nome da revista, encontramos notas para um “drag-jornalismo” que monta e desmonta na construção de uma pauta aberta ao encontro.
[1] Link de acesso digital para a revista 
APONTAMENTOS SOBRE QUESTÃO SOCIAL, SERVIÇO SOCIAL E LUTA DE CLASSE NO BRASIL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Adriano Ana Lívia , Lima Cristiana Costa , Silva Robson Roberto da , Azar Zaira Sabry
Published: December 2022

Compreendida como expressão da luta de classe, a questão social solicita a reflexão sobre o seu significado, demarcando as determinações contemporâneas que conformam o processamento dos movimentos que lhes são orgânicos – a desigualdade e a luta/ resistência. No desvelo de ambos, a judicialização da luta, a banalização da morte dos mais pobres se apresentam como estratégia de enfrentamento político-institucional a questão social e, portanto, uma necessidade sociopolítica de manutenção da hegemonia burguesa. Tais determinantes associam-se ao recrudescimento da lógica gerencialista vigente nas políticas de seguridade social, os quais reverberam diretamente no trabalho e na formação dos assistentes sociais e exigem da profissão o fortalecimento dos acúmulos teóricos e ético-políticos processados na construção de uma cultura profissional crítica, com radical posicionamento de classe.
RAZÕES PARA LUTAR POR UM MUNDO MELHOR
Authors: Ríos Olga Fernández
Published: December 2022

O artigo analisa complexos problemas presentes no contexto internacional global e variados planos das “lógicas” de desenvolvimento e dominação do capitalismo-imperialismo liderado pelos Estados Unidos que afetam a setores populares e às nações menos desenvolvidas. Considera quatro eixos temáticos muito inter- relacionados tais como trabalho alienado, destruição da natureza, crise de hegemonia e lutas de classes e sociais. Faz uma reflexão sobre o capitalismo-imperialismo atual, sobre seu sistema de dominação múltipla com suas diversas facetas, assim como as buscas de alternativas à desordem internacional imperante. Ilustra, também, diversas fórmulas de organização, luta e resistência estendidas por países considerados da periferia do imperialismo para enfrentar as políticas neoliberais e as ameaças à soberania nacionaldos Estados nacionais.
A musicalidade do sotaque do Bumba-Boi da Ilha: um olhar etnomusicológico
Authors: LEITÃO ROGÉRIO RIBEIRO DAS CHAGAS
Published: December 2022

O presente estudo, baseado na Dissertação de Mestrado do autor, busca investigar os aspectos de produção sonora relacionados ao Bumba-Boi sotaque da Ilha. São apresentados um breve levantamento de grupos atuantes na década de 2010 ligados ao sotaque em pauta, sucedida de uma análise etnomusicológica acerca organologia, prática instrumental e exemplos musicais de células rítmicas dos instrumentos utilizados, juntamente com as variações possíveis.
O Impacto do Sexo no Salário de Engenheiras de Produção em Início de Carreira
Authors: CAROZZO-TODARO MAURO ENRIQUE , PINHEIRO-CAROZZO NÁDIA PRAZERES , CARVALHO ROSSANE CARDOSO
Published: December 2022

Este estudo analisa o impacto do sexo no salário de engenheiras e engenheiros de produção em início de carreira. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa, com 139 egressos de uma universidade pública maranhense. Os participantes responderam a um questionário online fechado sobre dados sociodemográficos, trajetória acadêmica e inserção no mercado de trabalho. Os dados coletados foram tratados com estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os resultados indicaram que há diferença significativa entre os salários recebidos por profissionais do sexo masculino e feminino, reforçando e ampliando achados anteriores. Tal desigualdade salarial foi discutida sob a perspectiva interdisciplinar da discriminação salarial e do papel da mulher, forjado histórico e culturalmente, no bojo da sociedade.
PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE BIBLIOTERAPIA
Authors: Costa Larissa Santos da
Published: December 2022

A Biblioterapia versa sobre a terapia através dos livros, sendo ainda um campo de atuação para a Ciência da informação. Em virtude disso, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar a produção científica indexados na base de dados Brapci, no período de 1975 a 2021 sobre a Biblioterapia. A fim de determinar os artigos, autores, ano de publicação e periódicos dos documentos recuperados, com os referidos dados secundários, a metodologia utilizada pautou-se na bibliometria e estatística, bem como na utilização das técnicas de análise de produtividade. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam uma escassez de publicações que abordem a biblioterapia, embora a produtividade de artigos sobre a temática tenha aumentado nos últimos 5 anos.
Praca czy usługa na własny rachunek?
Authors: Stelina Jakub
Published: December 2022

Autor analizuje problem charakteru zatrudnienia przedsiębiorców wykonujących zarejestrowaną działalność gospodarczą. Z punktu widzenia rodzajów zatrudnienia przewidzianych w prawie polskim wykonywanie działalności gospodarczej na własny rachunek przez przedsiębiorców należy kwaliﬁkować jako zatrudnienie o charakterze cywilnoprawnym, ponieważ przedmiotem takiej działalności mogą być wyłącznie usługi, a nie praca podporządkowana. Przedsiębiorca nie może zawierać umów o pracę w ramach prowadzonej działalności gospodarczej. Usługi wykonywane w ramach działalności gospodarczej mogą natomiast być kwaliﬁkowane jako praca na gruncie Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej, która w art. 24 stanowi, że praca znajduje się pod ochroną państwa. Przepis ten posługuje się pojęciem pracy w znaczeniu szerokim. Oznacza to, że pewne konstytucyjne standardy ochrony pracy mogą, a nawet powinny, być stosowane względem przedsiębiorców, co jednak nie może prowadzić do zrównania ich statusu ze statusem pracowniczym.
Refleksje na temat koncepcji prawnej regulacji pracy na własny rachunek w projektach Kodeksu Pracy
Authors: Gładoch Monika
Published: December 2022

W opracowaniu omówiono projekty Kodeksu pracy w zakresie form zabezpieczenia prawnego samozatrudnionych. W latach 2006 i 2018 powstały dwa projekty Kodeksu pracy, których twórcy starali się jak najlepiej zadbać o prawnie uzasadnione interesy osób zatrudnionych na własny rachunek. Pierwsza z komisji, która pracowała w latach 2002–2006, co do zasady akceptowała nietypowe formy zatrudnienia na rynku pracy. Całkiem inne spojrzenie prezentowała w tym zakresie komisja z lat 2016–2018, która postrzegała zatrudnienie poza stosunkiem pracy jako sposób obejścia przepisów prawa pracy, przejaw swego rodzaju patologii na rynku pracy. Ostatecznie jednak przedstawione przez obie Komisje formy zabezpieczenia samozatrudnionych są w istocie bardzo podobne.
Możliwe kierunki regulacji ochrony pracy samozatrudnionych ekonomicznie zależnych
Authors: Moras-Olaś Kinga
Published: December 2022

Konieczność objęcia samozatrudnionych ekonomicznie zależnych, tj. grupy osób świadczących pracę w ramach prowadzonej działalności gospodarczej, na podstawie umów nieprowadzących do nawiązania stosunku pracy, a jednak w warunkach zbliżonych do pracowników, regulacjami w zakresie ochrony pracy nie powinna budzić wątpliwości, zwłaszcza w kontekście art. 24 Konstytucji RP. Celem artykułu jest zwięzłe zaprezentowanie możliwych kierunków regulacji przedmiotowej problematyki, w szczególności z perspektywy systemowej, oraz przedstawienie podejścia, zdaniem autorki, optymalnego. Występujące w tym zakresie propozycje obejmują różne koncepcje objęcia ochroną samozatrudnionych ekonomicznie zależnych, począwszy od utrzymania status quo, aż do włączenia samozatrudnienia ekonomicznie zależnego w zakres stosunku pracy. Żadna z tych skrajnych koncepcji nie wydaje się jednak właściwa i konieczne jest poszukiwanie złotego środka. Za najbardziej pożądane można uznać wyodrębnienie przedmiotowego samozatrudnienia jako osobnej kategorii prawnej, w powiązaniu z przyznaniem członkom tej grupy określonych praw. Przyjęcie takiego kierunku pozwoli na delimitację samozatrudnienia ekonomicznie zależnego od stosunku pracy oraz zapewnienie wymaganej ochrony podmiotom świadczącym pracę w tej formie, dostosowanej do jej specyfiki.
Praca na własny rachunek a ochrona przed mobbingiem i dyskryminacją
Authors: Barański Michał , Mądrzycki Błażej
Published: December 2022

Na przestrzeni ostatnich lat zatrudnienie niepracownicze zyskuje coraz większą popularność. Szczególnie osoby młode (wchodzące na rynek pracy) zatrudnianie są na podstawie umów cywilnoprawnych. Podobnym zjawiskiem jest aktywność zarobkowa w ramach tzw. samozatrudnienia w warunkach zależności ekonomicznej od swojego kontrahenta. Świadomość upowszechniania niepracowniczych form zatrudnienia skłoniła autorów do podjęcia rozważań nad możliwymi formami ochrony przed mobbingiem i dyskryminacją w przypadku pracy na własny rachunek. Oba te zjawiska (mobbing i dyskryminacja) generalnie kojarzone są z relacjami zachodzącymi na linii pracodawca–pracownik. Sam fakt innego rodzaju zatrudnienia nie wyłącza jednak ryzyka mobbingu lub dyskryminacji. W takich okolicznościach badanie możliwych form ochrony jest niemal naturalne. Autorzy przeprowadzili analizę obowiązujących regulacji prawnych w poszukiwaniu dostępnych rozwiązań, które mogą stanowić skuteczną ochronę pracujących na własny rachunek.
Right to Rest of the Self-Employed under International and EU Law
Authors: Barwaśny Mateusz
Published: December 2022

The main objective of the foregoing article will be to determine whether a self-employed person has the right to rest under international and EU law. According to the research conducted by the OECD, in 2021, the self-employment rate for all countries reached 16.5% of all employed persons. Therefore, bearing in mind that self-employed persons constitute such a large group of all people who provide paid work, it is justified to consider whether they may be entitled to the appropriate protective guarantees, also in the area of the right to rest. Appropriate rest includes not only the right to a holiday, but also a period of daily and weekly rest and the limitation of the maximum working time. The right to rest is also very important in terms of work efficiency and safety in the workplace. Therefore, efforts should be made to ensure that every contractor, including the self-employed, has the right to a proper rest in order to regenerate his strength and exercise the right to health and safety, which every person is entitled to according to international legal regulations.
The Protection of Intellectual Property in Relations Between Entrepreneurs
Authors: Rzęsa Hanna
Published: December 2022

The Deputies’ bill amending the Labor Code and the Entrepreneurs’ Law provides for the extension of the legal definition of an employee to entities performing their duties personally for remuneration, permanently for the same entity, for a period of not less than 6 months. The proposed modification of the aforementioned definition will cause some changes not only in the field of regulations regarding employee rights, but also in the protection of intangible assets, such as intellectual property. In particular, the certain modifications will be visible in the way of copyright protection and fair competition between entrepreneurs. Even the inalienable nature of moral rights will not protect this sphere of the author’s rights from some transformations in the field of protection. The aim of the article is therefore to trace the current legal status, mainly based on the analysis of selected normative acts regarding labor law as well as intellectual property law and to try to answer the question of which legal status – current or postulated after the entry into force of the thematic amendment – would be more favorable in terms of protection of intangible assets that are part of the enterprise.
Learning Polish with Duolingo: A case study in Taiwanese academic setting
Authors: Tsai Natalia
Published: December 2022

Duolingo is one of the most popular applications used for learning foreign languages and, as such, has attracted attention of numerous scholars around the world. Majority of them, however, have focused on how the app supports English instruction. Not enough has been found about using it for mastering Polish by non-native speakers. What is more, a great deal of existing research is quantitative in character, which is why there is a growing demand for projects offering a deeper insight into the issue. The goal of this case study is to fill in this gap by providing a more detailed explanation of how Duolingo can be used for learning Polish in Taiwanese academic setting, as perceived by a female student majoring in Slavic languages whose mother tongue is Mandarin. The data obtained in a series of in-depth interviews enables a better understanding of how this highly motivated learner saw the product and its main features, with gamification, forum, and English-mediated instruction among them. Put briefly, Duolingo turned out to be useful as an addition to the regular course at school and the student demonstrated high engagement by using it almost every day. But still, more research is needed to better understand how to incorporate the app into an in-class instruction and to see what strategies of learning are efficient, so that the users can benefit even more.
„Karuzela plakatowa” jako technika rozwijania działań językowych
Authors: Wawrzeń Marzena
Published: December 2022

„Karuzela plakatowa” to ciekawa propozycja techniki nauczania. Jest to zadaniowa forma pracy inspirowana sesjami plakatowymi, czyli dyskusjami prowadzonymi przy rozwieszonych plakatach. Tony Lynch i Joan Maclean w artykule A case of exercising: Effects of immediate task repetition on learners’ performance (2001) wykazali związek między zastosowaniem techniki „karuzeli” a wzrostem poprawności produkcji językowej. Efekty ich pracy zachęciły autorkę artykułu do wykorzystania techniki „karuzeli” jako narzędzia wspierającego rozwijanie działań językowych na lekcji języka polskiego jako obcego na poziomie B2. W artykule odpowiemy na następujące pytania: Czy technika „karuzeli plakatowej” jest skutecznym narzędziem nauczania języka polskiego? Jakie korzyści wynikają z zastosowania tej techniki? Jak uczący się oceniają tę technikę? Postaramy się także pokazać, że „karuzela plakatowa” jest ciekawą techniką nauczania mówienia integrującą rozwijanie produktywnych, interakcyjnych i mediacyjnych działań językowych.
Fenomen kłamstwa jako inspiracja do stworzenia zadań na zajęcia jpjo
Authors: Rabczuk Anna
Published: December 2022

Kłamstwo to zjawisko, które dotyczy każdego bez względu na płeć, pochodzenie, zawód, pozycję społeczną, zainteresowania czy status. Jest analizowane z różnych perspektyw badawczych i każda z nich zwraca uwagę na inne jego aspekty. Badania pokazują, że codziennie kłamiemy i jesteśmy okłamywani. Autorka niniejszego artykułu postawiła sobie za cel przyjrzenie się różnym teoriom dotyczącym kłamstwa tak, by stały się one inspiracją do stworzenia materiałów na zajęcia języka polskiego jako obcego. Analizuje więc wybrane definicje kłamstwa, omawia różnice w zakresach semantycznych wyrazów opisujących kłamstwo i kłamanie w językach polskim i angielskim. Wnioskuje, że znaczące rozbieżności w tej kwestii mogą wpływać na odmienne pojmowanie kłamstwa w różnych kulturach. Następnie, posługując się klasycznym, częściowo uproszczonym, modelem komunikacji interpersonalnej opisuje kłamstwo z perspektywy nadawcy, komunikatu i odbiorcy. Spostrzeżenia wpisane w te kategorie pozwalają na przyjrzenie się szerszemu kontekstowi, a mianowicie oznakom kłamstwa i sposobom jego wykrywania. Szczególnie interesujące ze względu na cel tego artykułu są tutaj symptomy wygłaszania fałszywych komunikatów uwidaczniające się na płaszczyźnie językowej. Autorka przedstawia także wybrane różnice kulturowe dotyczące kłamstwa. Dodatkowo proponuje zadania, które można wykorzystać podczas zajęć językowych z cudzoziemcami.
Tłumaczenie jako prymarne narzędzie glottodydaktyczne w kształceniu translatologicznym. Uwagi wstępne
Authors: Szafraniec Kamil
Published: December 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest nakreślenie problematyki nauczania języków obcych w ramach studiów przekładoznawczych. Autor postuluje, że tłumaczenie – jako czynność mediacyjna – powinno być nieodzowną częścią nie tylko zajęć typowo translacyjnych, ale również językowych. Mediacja zajmuje istotne miejsce w Europejskim Systemie Opisu Kształcenia Językowego, a jej potencjał wydaje się być wciąż niedoceniany. Jedną z metod nauczania wykorzystujących wielojęzyczność i mediację jest tzw. podejście plurilingwalne (zintegrowane), którego celem jest kształcenie plurilingwalnej kompetencji komunikacyjnej (PKK), a tym samym wspieranie komunikacji interlingwalnej i interkulturowej. W ostatniej części artykułu przeanalizowano podział kompetencji translatorskich zaproponowany przez grupę badawczą PACTE (2018).
Wzorce gatunkowe a kształcenie w zakresie form wypowiedzi pisemnych w wybranych pomocach dydaktycznych przygotowujących do egzaminu certyfikatowego na poziomie B1
Authors: Grochala Beata
Published: December 2022

Przedmiotem artykułu jest ocena sposobu prezentacji form wypowiedzi pisemnych wymaganych na poziomie B1 certyfikatu z języka polskiego jako obcego (część Pisanie – egzamin dla osób dorosłych) w trzech pomocach dydaktycznych przygotowujących do tegoż egzaminu (B1 – piszę, mówię i zdaję!, M. Januszewicz, Pisz po polsku. Poradnik, ćwiczenia i przygotowanie do egzaminu oraz B. Łukaszewicz, N. Yaumen, A. Święcka i P. Garncarek Zdaj się na polski! Podręcznik kursowy przygotowujący do egzaminu certyfikatowego na poziomie B1). Główny cel analizy to odpowiedź na pytanie, czy w omawianych podręcznikach znajduje zastosowanie koncepcja gatunku Marii Wojtak, zgodnie z którą na wzorzec gatunkowy składają się cztery aspekty: strukturalny, pragmatyczny, poznawczy oraz stylistyczny. Przyjęta metoda badawcza to analiza zawartości ukierunkowana genologicznie. Na jej podstawie stwierdzono, że autorzy podręczników wskazują na wszystkie cztery aspekty gatunków, choć nie robią tego w sposób równomierny. Poznanie wzorca gatunkowego jest niezmiernie ważne, jednak dopiero jego autorska realizacja i umiejętne zastosowanie reguł w praktyce to gwarancja egzaminacyjnego sukcesu. Dlatego postuluje się, aby nauczyciele mieli świadomość złożoności wzorca gatunkowego, który nie sprowadza się jedynie do budowy, ale zawiera w sobie także uwikłania komunikacyjne i kulturowe.
Czy polszczyzna odziedziczona jest językiem zagrożonym?
Authors: Lipińska Ewa
Published: December 2022

Języki można kategoryzować na różne sposoby. Niniejszy artykuł odnosi się do ich żywotności, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem polszczyzny odziedziczonej. Podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy jest ona językiem zagrożonym. Wyjaśniono przyczyny zagrożenia dla języków, wśród których w ostatnim okresie prym wiodą: globalizacja, migracje oraz związki (małżeństwa) mieszane. Powodują one destabilizację kulturową i językową w rodzinach emigrujących, w których dorośli – zazwyczaj nie posiadając odpowiedniej wiedzy dotyczącej konsekwencji zarzucania rodzimych wartości – skłaniają się ku asymilacji lub przełączają się na „system polonijny” komunikując się w języku będącym melanżem kilku wariantów (w tym: języka kraju osiedlenia). Ich dzieci, odchodząc od porozumiewania się po polsku, tzn. używając polszczyzny tylko w wersji ustnej ograniczonej do sytuacji domowej i rodzinnej, stanowią słabe ogniwo w jej transmisji. Remedium na aktywizację, czasem nawet na rewitalizację języka jest opanowanie polszczyzny standardowej, co może mieć miejsce w szkołach polskich/polonijnych. Niestety, wielu rodziców tego nie rozumie i decyduje o zaprzestaniu edukacji swoich dzieci po polsku.
Native and Non-Native Accents of English: Different Perceptions of English as a Global Language in a Phonetic Perspective. An Editorial to RiL Special Issue Vol. 20.1 and 20.2.
Authors: Jarosz Anna , Witczak-Plisiecka Iwona
Published: December 2022

The text reviews selected current issues related to native and non-native accents of English, including the status of English as a global language, the value of varieties of English and the question of a possible supremacy of one accent over other varieties. The text links theoretical and applied issues addressing the question of which variety should be used in EFL education. Focusing on the phonetic dimension it weights the conflicting reasons given in classic works, such as Kachru’s and McArthur’s to eventually point to novel research programmes as exemplified in other texts included in the special issues of Research in Language, i.e. vol. 20, issues 1 and 2, most of which were inspired by Accents 2021, an annual conference organised by the Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics, Institute of English Studies, University of Lodz, Poland.
L2 Accentedness and Language Self-Esteem in Foreign Language Learning
Authors: Szyszka Magdalena
Published: December 2022

Accentedness is associated with listeners’ evaluative judgements, which might affect an L2 speaker’s construction of an image about linguistic self-worth and competence, described as language (L2) self-esteem. This line of inquiry is pursued in the study presented in this paper, which investigates the relationship between L2 self-esteem and the extent to which a learner’s L2 pronunciation differs from a listener’s representation of it – accentedness. The results show that the level of L2 self-esteem correlates with accentedness, and the direction of this correlation is negative (r = -.51). The findings also reveal that the L2 self-esteem levels of the participants whose accentedness is closer to native-like are significantly higher than those of the individuals with strongly accented speech.
Developing Unbiased Teacher Identity in Pluri-Accent Reality: Research-Based Classroom Activities
Authors: Červinková Poesová Kristýna , Lancová Klára
Published: December 2022

In the current pilot report, we draw on and further develop our previous research examining pre-service teachers’ attitudes and beliefs about accents, in which we proposed a pedagogical intervention reflecting certain aspects of our research outcomes, mainly the positive trend of embracing one’s non-nativeness. A set of four classroom activities, namely Nativeness perception test, Four corners, Bank of experiences and Sociodynamic teacher, were incorporated into three different online graduate courses in the winter and summer semesters 2020/2021 at the Department of the English Language and Literature, Faculty of Education in Prague. The piloting process was partly replicated in face-to-face classes of the following academic year. The overarching goal was to raise awareness of accent variation, especially in such a linguistically homogenous country as the Czech Republic and cultivate future teachers’ ability to address accent-related issues confidently, objectively and sensitively. The subsequent scrutiny of participants’ recorded discussions, written and/or oral feedback, submitted tasks as well as teachers’ observations indicated increased awareness of accent variability and a raised level of pedagogical confidence in approaching accent in the classroom context. Particularly, the respondents proved to be highly creative when devising adequate and supportive reactions to imagined negative comments related to accents or preventing them by specifically designing their lesson plans. Furthermore, the pedagogical intervention was appraised by the participating graduate students in their reflective assessment one year later.
English Phonetics Course: University Students’ Preferences and Expectations
Authors: Nowacka Marta
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the perspectives of Polish university students of English (n=110) on selected aspects after the pronunciation instruction they underwent during their phonetics course. It shows qualitative questionnaire results obtained by means of four open-ended statements. It sheds light on: English accent preference, reasons why they favoured and disfavoured the course and expectations from the course tutor. The students reported a positive impact of the training on their speaking and overall English/language skills, sounding native-like, good, and being understood. They admitted to disliking rules, theory of phonetics, unexpected pronunciation of words. In addition, the expected responsibilities of a pronunciation tutor comprised: correction of students’ pronunciation and helping them improve this skill. It confirms that the nativeness principle to pronunciation learning still prevails as the students wish to sound nativelike and expect the teacher to give them corrective accuracy-based feedback.
Englishville: a Multi-Sensorial Tool for Prosody
Authors: Costille Kizzi Edensor
Published: December 2022

Research has shown that prosody plays an important role in the intelligibility, comprehensibility and accentedness of non-native discourse (Munro and Derwing, 1995, 1998). Yet prosody is deemed difficult to teach (Setter et al., 2010). Previous studies have used software such as PRAAT (Setter et al., 2010, Olson, 2014, Imber et al., 2017,) but they can be complex to use (Setter et al., 2010; Setter and Jenkins, 2005). Could a more comprehensive tool be useful to L2 learners? Englishville is a website where it is possible for the learner to see a real-time 3D spectrogram. An experiment was set up to determine whether multi-sensorial input, available via Englishville can help learners of English. Eight French students enrolled in a BA in English took part in this initial trial experiment (2 per group). They were divided into four groups. The corpus is divided into 2 parts. The first focuses on lexical word stress (72 words) and the second on intonation in 30 short sentences. The corpus was recorded by a female native British speaker. All participants had one trial at the beginning of the experiment to familiarise themselves with the tool and they all read and recorded the words and phrases as they appeared on the screen. The first group only had access to this text (no input) before recording their own productions whereas the other 3 groups received supplementary input. Group 2 read the text and heard the corresponding audio (audio input), group 3 read the text and saw the corresponding 3D spectrogram (visual input) and group 4 read the text, heard the audio and saw the corresponding 3D spectrogram (multi-sensorial input). An auditive analysis leads us to believe that both hearing speech and seeing the corresponding spectrogram is beneficial, especially for intonation. Positive results came from the students’ feedback; they generally found the tool useful, easy to use, fun and interesting.
Microsoft Reading Progress as Capt Tool
Authors: Molenda Marek , Grabarczyk Izabela
Published: December 2022

The paper explores the accuracy of feedback provided to non-native learners of English by a pronunciation module included in Microsoft Reading Progress. We compared pronunciation assessment offered by Reading Progress against two university pronunciation teachers. Recordings from students of English who aim for native-like pronunciation were assessed independently by Reading Progress and the human raters. The output was standardized as negative binary feedback assigned to orthographic words, which matches the Microsoft format. Our results indicate that Reading Progress is not yet ready to be used as a CAPT tool. Inter-rater reliability analysis showed a moderate level of agreement for all raters and a good level of agreement upon eliminating feedback from Reading Progress. Meanwhile, the qualitative analysis revealed certain problems, notably false positives, i.e., words pronounced within the boundaries of academic pronunciation standards, but still marked as incorrect by the digital rater. We recommend that EFL teachers and researchers approach the current version of Reading Progress with caution, especially as regards automated feedback. However, its design may still be useful for manual feedback. Given Microsoft declarations that Reading Progress would be developed to include more accents, it has the potential to evolve into a fully-functional CAPT tool for EFL pedagogy and research.
Use of L2 Pronunciation Techniques in and Outside Classes: Students’ Preferences
Authors: Kusz Ewa , Pawliczko Judyta
Published: December 2022

The present study describes the level of effectiveness of both traditional and computer-assisted second language pronunciation techniques from the students’ perspectives. By traditional techniques we mean those activities which make use of phonetic alphabet, including transcription practice, detailed description of the articulatory systems, drills (e.g. minimal pair drills), reading aloud, tongue twisters, rhymes, etc. (Hismanoglu and Hismanoglu 2010: 985). On the other hand, computer-assisted techniques include activities based on listening and imitating tasks, which use technology, such as self-imitation practice, recordings of L2 learner’s, visual aids, and automatic speech recognition tools. The main aim of this study does not aim to classify L2 pronunciation methods by allocating them to previously mentioned categories but rather attempts to examine the intricate relationship between students’ knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and their most preferable practices which, in their opinion, result in improvement of their L2 pronunciation. 118 study subjects were asked to complete four main questions, within which tasks based on the Likert-scale items gathered data about the students’ most preferable L2 pronunciation teaching and learning techniques. The students were asked to create their own list, starting from the most useful to the least beneficial techniques. The last task was an open-ended question about other techniques than mentioned in the questionnaire. The analysis of the obtained data involved a two-stage process: a) data segmentation; and b) techniques categorisation. The first step was to select pronunciation learning techniques in terms of their frequency and use and to adjust them to the research group. The second stage, techniques categorisation, was based on a careful analysis of the answers given by the students in the questionnaire. Following that, five categories were distinguished: (1) traditional and used only in the classroom, (2) traditional but also used in distance learning, (3) computer-assisted but used only in the classroom, (4) computer-assisted and also used in distance learning, (5) innovative: combining students’ needs and available online.Highlighting the prominence of pronunciation in acquiring communicative competence, the authors propose their own, innovative suggestions for the future creation of teaching materials.
Особенности формирования первых женских биографических формуляров в русской oфициально-деловой письменности XVII века
Authors: Barclay Irina Y.
Published: December 2022

Актуальность настоящей статьи заключается в отсутствии филологических исследо- ваний, посвященных подробному изучению и описанию первых женских биографических формуляров, которые появились в русской официально-деловой письменности в XVII веке. Именно в них отразились такие важные эпизоды из жизни средневековых женщин, как их семейные связи и сословные принадлежности, фискальные сведения и юридические права наследования на землю другое имущество, лимитированный выбор профессий и условия выживаемости в трагические периоды развития России, места проживания и даже внешние черты. Эти перечисленные экстралингвистические факторы воплотились в лексическом на- полнении писцовых документов, в которых главную роль играли собственные женские имена и такие гендерные термины, как девка, жена, мать, сестра, сноха, вдова и повивальная баб- ка. Перечисленная гендерная терминология выполняла роль своеобразного маркера, который компенсировал возможные пропуски женских имен в писцовой документации в исследуемый промежуток времени.
Для выполнения поставленных целей и задач автором использовались оригинальные рукописи, хранящиеся в российских и шведских государственных архивах, а также уже опу- бликованные писцовые источники по истории Вологды, Новгорода, Твери и Ярославля. Этот широкий исторический контекст и связанный с ним лингвистический материал позволили увидеть и проанализировать письменные процессы формирования первых женских биографических формуляров, отдельные черты из которых до сих пор используются в современном русском языке.
Полученные данные могут быть использованы в курсах по истории русского языка XVII века, а также в смежных дисциплинах по исторической славянской ономастике и сред- невековым гендерным исследованиям.
Перевод номинаций русских жестов согласия и несогласия на болгарский язык (на материале жестов головы)
Authors: Гочев Гочо
Published: December 2022

Цель настоящей статьи заключается в выявлении особенностей перевода русских но­минаций жестов согласия и несогласия на болгарский язык. Цель обусловила анализ жестов с точки зрения: а) их исполнения и характера номинаций; б) корректности / некорректности переводческих решений русских жестовых номинаций.  

Исследование, основывающееся на методах описания и сопоставления, привело к сле­дующим результатам: русские жесты являются стандартными, т.е. согласие обладает первич­ной связью с движением головы по вертикали, а несогласие – с движением головы по гори­зонтали. В болгарском общении наряду с такими стандартными жестами функционируют и нестандартные, значение которых не зависит от вертикального или горизонтального дви­жения головы, а от движения подбородка. Эти различия определяют характер их номинаций: русские номинации обладают первичной и постоянной связью согласие – вертикаль, несогла­сие – горизонталь; болгарские номинации не обладают такой связью, они характеризуются омонимичностью, т.е. ими обозначаются как стандартные, так и нестандартные жесты.  

На базе этих различий сформулированы рекомендации переводчикам: внимательный анализ контекста, определяющего значение русского жеста, а в случае отсутствия в нем указа­ния на значение – руководствоваться его первичной связью; болгарский перевод обязательно должен снимать возникшую омонимию, позволяющую интерпретировать болгарскую жесто­вую номинацию и как согласие, и как несогласие.  

Статья имеет отношение к малоизученной области сопоставительного изучения невер­бальных русских и болгарских средств общения.
Old but still good – Comparison of malting and brewing characteristics of current and historical malting barley varieties
Authors: Mikyška Alexandr , Psota Vratislav , Bojnanská Katarína , Ondrejovič Miroslav , Musilová Markéta , Bezdíčková Alena , Zavřelová Marta
Published: December 2022

Historical Czech malting barley varieties Chlumecký, Stupický staročeský, Opavský Kneifel, and Diamant were tested in pilot malting and brewing tests (50 L) of 12% pale lager and compared with five Czech barley varieties recommended for the production of the beer with the protected geographical indication ‘České pivo’. The grain yield of the historical varieties (6.00–7.83 t/ha) was lower compared to the current varieties (8.23–9.39 t/ha). The malts from the historical varieties had high nitrogen content (12.45–13.89%), and low extract (75.2–78.6%, proteolytic (Kolbach index 37.4–40.9%) and cytolytic modification (friability 46.2–57.7%) was also low. Apart from lower extract yield and lower beer filtration rate, the experimental malts from the historical varieties were well processable in the pilot brewery. The sensory quality of the beers was very good (overall impression 3.3–3.8 points), fully comparable to beers made from malts from current barley varieties (3.4–3.9 points). Cluster analysis clearly differentiated the sensory profile of beers of historical and current barley varieties. The historical malting barley varieties under study may find their use mainly in the production of regional microbreweries.
Distance Learning Assessment (DLA) Elementary School During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mukti Taufiq Satria , Putri Santoso Sandy Tegariyani , Sugiri Wiku Aji
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the implementation of learning. Research that explores the implementation of distance learning assessments during the pandemic is carried out using a mix-method approach. This approach is used to explore quantitative and qualitative information in depth. Quantitative data were obtained by surveying the teachers of SD N 2 Ngijo and SD Integrative Islamic Pesantren Rakyat. Qualitative data were obtained by field study and interviews with school administrators (principals and teachers) and parents of students. The results showed that based on the aspects of Online Assessment Implementation, Assessment Principles, and Reliability of the assessment instruments used in distance learning assessments, the score was more than 60%. This percentage is in the excellent category for the implementation of distance learning assessment. However, in reality, many factors have a significant influence on the implementation of distance learning assessments. Economic factors are the main factors in providing supporting facilities and infrastructure in carrying out distance learning assessments that do not take place according to concepts and theories.