bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twelve‐Year Follow‐Up of a Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Versus Mid‐Urethral Sling Surgery for Female Moderate to Severe Urinary Incontinence
Authors: van Oorschot Hélène F. C. , Tijsseling Deodata , Labrie Julien , van der Vaart Carl H.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To compare the 12‐year effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training versus midurethral sling surgery for moderate to severe female stress urinary incontinence.

Design

Observational follow‐up study of a randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Conducted at the Division of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Population

Women from the PORTRET study experiencing moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence.

Methods

A validated questionnaire was sent to participants.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome was subjective improvement in urinary incontinence symptoms. Secondary outcomes included subjective cure, severity of incontinence, impact of incontinence as urogenital symptom and cross‐over and re‐operation rates.

Results

In this long‐term study, 184 of 386 (47.7%) women responded to the questionnaire. Cross‐over (86.9%) from the initial physiotherapy group to surgery was very high. No statistically significant differences were found in the intention to treat analysis. However, the post hoc analysis showed that women who underwent physiotherapy only reported a statistically significant lower improvement compared to those who underwent initial surgery (50.6% absolute difference; 95% CI 28.2–73.1) or surgery after physiotherapy (49.7% absolute difference; 95% CI 25.8–73.7). Subjective cure, decrease in perceived severity and impact of urinary incontinence also statistically significantly favoured women who underwent (initial) surgery Re‐operation was reported by 4.6% of women.

Conclusion

This 12‐year follow‐up study showed a very high cross‐over rate to surgical treatment, considering a substantial proportion of non‐responders. Midurethral sling surgery, either initial or after physiotherapy, statistically significantly improved subjective outcomes for moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence as compared to pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy only in the long‐term.
A pilot trial exploring the use of music in the emergency department and its association with delirium and other clinical outcomes
Authors: Ní Chróinín Danielle , Wang Sandra , Nagaraj Guruprasad , Ren Shiquan , Middleton Paul M , Short Alison
Published: February 2025

Objective

To assess potential feasibility of a targeted music intervention trial in older ED patients and association with clinical outcomes.

Methods

Prospective pragmatic trial of adults aged ≥65 years in the ED, with prevalent delirium or increased risk of incident delirium, receiving either 2‐h music intervention via headphones or usual care. The primary outcomes were (i) feasibility as assessed by actual use of the intervention (target 70% of offered patients) and (ii) incident delirium in delirium‐free patients.

Results

Among 211 initially screened patients, 44 were included. The initially planned randomised controlled trial proved difficult due to poor intervention adherence, resulting in a move to patient self‐selection to routine care or 2‐h music intervention. There were 19 control (13 prevalent delirium) and 25 intervention participants (20 prevalent delirium); 2‐h target intervention duration was achieved in 17/25 (68%) patients (8/25 achieving <2 h). Among those without prevalent delirium, incident delirium occurred in 1/6 of control and 4/5 of intervention (P = 0.08). There were no between‐group differences in terms of improved or resolved delirium, pain scores or agitation/sedation scores (all P > 0.1).

Conclusions

Self‐selected use of a targeted music intervention was feasible in a cohort of older ED patients. While we were likely underpowered to detect associations between intervention and outcome, collection of selected outcome measures proved feasible; these may be helpful in larger scale studies. Exploration of barriers and facilitators to use, as well as preferred delivery methods, are likely to be helpful in wider investigations of music therapy in this high‐risk cohort.
Mitogenome‐Based Phylogenetic Analysis of Two Ball‐Rolling Dung Beetles, Gymnopleurus mopsus and Gymnopleurus geoffroyi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), with Notes on the Phylogenetic Relationships of Scarabaeinae
Authors: Lim Changseob , Choi Hee‐kyu , Bayartogtokh Badamdorj , Bae Yeon Jae , Kang Ji Hyoun
Published: February 2025

The tribe Gymnopleurini is a well‐known group within Scarabaeinae, characterized by its diurnal ball rolling behavior. Although mitochondrial genomes have been reported for numerous Scarabaeinae species, those of Gymnopleurini remain unexplored. In this study, we document for the first time the mitochondrial genome sequences of two ball‐rolling dung beetles, Gymnopleurus mopsus (Pallas, 1781) and Gymnopleurus geoffroyi (Fuessly, 1775), from the tribe Gymnopleurini and infer the tribe's position within Scarabaeinae, whose phylogenetic relationships remain largely unresolved. Their mitochondrial genomes are circular DNA molecules, 15,591 and 15,460 bp in size, respectively, and consist of 37 genes, with an identical gene order in Scarabaeinae. Mitochondrial phylogeny, based on the sequences of 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs) from 72 Scarabaeinae species, recovered monophyly of Scarabaeinae and a sister relationship between Gymnopleurus (Gymnopleurini) and Sarophorus. This finding is the first to suggest a potential sister relationship between two groups, but like previous studies, the lack of strong synapomorphic characters implies further phylogenomic analysis is needed to confirm their relationship. Notably, the monophyly of the Onthophagini + Oniticellini lineage was supported, reflecting its biogeographic history and highlighting the need for a taxonomic revision of this species‐rich and cosmopolitan group, incorporating additional suprageneric groups. The mitochondrial genome information of two Gymnopleurini species, G. mopsus and G. geoffroyi, not only helps fill the gap in the missing mitochondrial genome data for the Gymnopleurini tribe but also contributes to future conservation efforts by providing insights into the genomic diversity and population structure of these two threatened species.
Superimposed Inhibitory Surrounds Underlying Saliency‐Based Stimulus Selection in Avian Midbrain Isthmi Pars Magnocellularis
Authors: Qian Longlong , Jia Chongchong , Wang Jiangtao , Li Shi , Wang Songwei
Published: February 2025

In the avian midbrain network, bottom‐up spatial attention is directed by saliency‐based stimulus selection. However, it remains unclear whether the isthmi pars magnocellularis (Imc), the first site in the midbrain network representing stimulus selection, can represent stimulus salience and what is the mechanism by which the midbrain network computes salience. Here, two separate translational motion stimuli were adopted as principal stimulation protocols, and in vivo electrophysiological experiments were performed in pigeons’ Imc. By combining bio‐plausible model validation, we found two types of inhibitory surrounds of the Imc neuron receptive field, namely homologous inhibitory surrounds (HIS) and non‐homologous inhibitory surrounds (non‐HIS), and we expounded the mechanisms of their emergence. HIS is local and dependent on stimulus feature similarity for computing stimulus saliency, whereas non‐HIS is global and independent of stimulus feature similarity for computing stimulus selection. Furthermore, the superimposition of HIS and non‐HIS modulates the neural responses in Imc. The two identified inhibitory surrounds of Imc in this study more precisely explicate the entire process of realizing bottom‐up stimulus selection based on saliency in the midbrain network and indicate that Imc is a nucleus capable of representing both stimulus saliency and stimulus selection.
Nova fails to appreciate the value of plant‐based meat and dairy alternatives in the diet
Authors: Messina Mark , Messina Virgina
Published: February 2025

Processed foods play an important role in achieving both food and nutrition security. However, in recent years, there has been increased concern about the health effects of food processing, in large part because of the emergence of the Nova food classification system. Nova classifies all foods into one of four groups purportedly based entirely on the extent to which they have been processed. Recommendations to limit intake of ultra‐processed foods (UPF) (group 4) are based primarily on observational studies showing that their intake is associated with a range of adverse outcomes. Nearly all plant milks and the entire new generation of plant‐based meat alternatives (PBMAs), which are made using concentrated sources of plant protein, are classified as UPFs. This classification may deter the public from consuming and health professionals from recommending these products even though they represent a convenient way to increase plant protein intake in high‐income countries, which is recommended by health authorities. However, although total UPF intake is associated with adverse health outcomes, this is not the case for many subcategories of UPFs. Furthermore, in many instances, clinical research shows that PBMAs and plant milks have beneficial effects relative to their animal‐based counterparts (Group 1). Collectively, the evidence leads to two conclusions. First, PBMAs represent a viable approach for lowering the dietary animal to plant protein ratio. Second, Nova paints with too broad a brush and is insufficiently nuanced to serve as a public guide for food purchasing decisions and may distract consumers from focusing on the importance of nutrient content.
Comparison of polysaccharides isolated from Ganpu tea of different storage ages: Chemical, structural, and hypoglycemic properties
Authors: Chi En‐Zhong , Wang Li , Pan Jia‐jian , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Jiangxiong , Zhao Xin‐huai
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the structural characteristics and hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides isolated from Ganpu tea (GPT) in different storage periods. Three polysaccharide fractions (GPTPS1‐E2, GPTPS3‐E2, and GPTPS5‐E2, representing 1, 3, and 5 years of storage, respectively, where GPTPS is Ganpu tea polysaccharides) were extracted and purified from GPT. Chemical composition analysis revealed that all fractions were predominantly acidic polysaccharides with total sugar content exceeding 90%. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed galacturonic acid as the primary component, along with significant amounts of galactose and arabinose. Molecular weight distribution showed that different fractions had distinct distributions, with GPTPS1‐E2 and GPTPS3‐E2 showing the highest and lowest molecular weights, respectively. Fourier‐transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy provided insights into the structural characteristics of the polysaccharides. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed distinct surface morphologies and crystalline structures. The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated using a Caco‐2 cell model, demonstrating potential antidiabetic properties via the IRS1‐GLUT2‐SGLT1 axis. Comparative analysis revealed that storage time could influence the structural characteristics and hypoglycemic activity of GPTPSs, with a certain storage time generally associated with the transformation of structural characteristics related to hypoglycemic activity and the enhanced hypoglycemic effect. This research contributes to the understanding of GPTPS and their potential applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Characterization of pecan, hickory, and walnut phospholipids and the comparable effects of pecan phospholipids with soy phospholipids on scopolamine‐induced dementia in mice
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Zhao Xingzeng , Tan Wenyue , Wang Ziyan , Du Jianke , Guo Zhongren , Wang Tao , Xu Mengyang , Liu Chenghang
Published: February 2025

Nuts are famous and popular for their ability to nourish the brain. The effects of nuts differ depending on their phospholipid compositions, but unfortunately, studies on phospholipids in nuts are lacking. Therefore, the phospholipid compositions of pecan, hickory, and walnut, which are all from the Juglandaceae family, were analyzed and compared for the first time in this study. A total of 91 phospholipids from 10 classes were identified, while phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidic acid are the major classes of phospholipids in these nuts. The substituted fatty acid chains were mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, followed by saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in PCs, PEs, and all the phospholipids in the three types of nuts. Given that pecans have the highest total phospholipid content, PC content, PE content, and phosphatidylserine (PS) content of among the three nuts, and considering that PC, PE, and PS have been reported to enhance memory, pecans were chosen for further pharmacological analysis. Relatively high‐purity (56.1%) pecan phospholipid extract (51.6 g) was obtained from pecan kernels (70 kg) to obtain more accurate biological activity results. The biological activity of pecan phospholipids was evaluated by behavioral tests, including the step‐through test, the step‐down test, and the Morris water maze test. A total of 210 mice were divided into seven groups and intragastrically administered pecan phospholipids (120, 60, and 30 mg kg−1), while soy phospholipids (400 and 200 mg kg−1) were used as positive controls. The results indicated that pecan phospholipids possess learning‐ and memory‐enhancing abilities comparable to those of soy phospholipids.

Practical Application

The phospholipid compositions of pecan, hickory, and walnut were analyzed and compared for the first time in this study, providing guidance for the future utilization of the valuable oils from these nuts. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for the future utilization of phospholipids from these types of nuts.
Role of sulfatase LPMS from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dy‐1 in releasing bound phenolic acids of barley bran dietary fiber
Authors: Bai Juan , Pan Beibei , Luo Wei , Yang Zihan , Zhu Lin , Cheng Zhangchen , Zhao Yansheng , Zhang Jiayan , Zhu Ying , Xiao Xiang
Published: February 2025

Latic acid fermentation is an effective way to release the bound phenolic acids from grains dietary fiber to improve the biological effects in vivo. Previous analysis of whole genome sequencing and comparative proteomics has revealed that a sulfatase named LPMS in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dy‐1 (L. plantarum dy‐1) was the potential key enzyme in promoting the release of bound phenol from barley bran dietary fiber. In this present study, we utilized gene editing technology to modify dy‐1 to verify the key role of LPMS in releasing the bond phenolic acids during dy‐1 fermentation. Results showed that lpms knockout and overexpression strains (dy‐1‐∆LPMS and dy‐1‐OELPMS) were successfully constructed, evidenced by the lpms gene level and sequencing. lpms editing delayed the exponential period of dy‐1 growth but had little effect on the stable period. Fermented barley bran dietary fiber (FBDF) by dy‐1, dy‐1‐∆LPMS, and dy‐1‐OELPMS demonstrated lower molecular weight, rougher surface morphology, looser microstructure, and decreased crystallinity, among which dy‐1‐∆LPMS showed the least influence. Confocal laser scanning microscope results illustrated that the colocalization between bound phenolic acids and dietary fibers was more apparent under dy‐1‐ΔLPMS fermentation. Furthermore, knockout of lpms significantly declined the release of bond phenolic acids, especially for the hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, resulting in the lower antioxidant capacities (p < 0.05). In all, we confirmed that the sulfatase LPMS in L. plantarum dy‐1 played great part in releasing the bond phenolic acids from barley bran dietary fiber, therefore improving the bioactivity of released phenolic acids.

Practical Application

This study confirmed the sulfatase LPMS in L. plantarum dy‐1 played key role in releasing the bond phenolic acids during fermentation of barley bran dietary fiber. In the future, heterologously expressed LPMSs have great potential applications in the brewing and feed industries, among others, which could increase the nutritional and commercial value of byproducts.
Ecology and Spatial Distribution of Magnetotactic Bacteria in Araguaia River Floodplain
Authors: Taveira Igor , Cypriano Jefferson , Guimarães Juliana , Vieira Ludgero Cardoso Galli , Junior José Francisco Gonçalves , Enrich‐Prast Alex , Abreu Fernanda
Published: February 2025

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are Gram‐negative, ubiquitous, aquatic, flagellated, microaerophilic, or anaerobic microorganisms exhibiting magnetotactic behaviour based on magnetosomes, which are the structural signature of the group. Magnetosomes are ferrimagnetic nanocrystals surrounded by a lipid bilayer, usually aligned in chain(s) within the cell. Environmental abiotic conditions such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and oxidation–reduction potential may drive the diversity of MTB populations in environments. Our results reported the first evidence of MTB in sediments sampled from the Araguaia River floodplain in the Amazon‐Cerrado biome. Light microscopy showed at least six morphotypes of South‐seeking MTB. Transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy observations demonstrated magnetite cuboctahedral, prismatic, and anisotropic magnetosomes. PCA ordination demonstrated a more significant influence of depth, ORP (oxidation–reduction potential), and transparency in sampled data from the river main channel (MC). Non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and correlation analysis demonstrated a difference between MTB populations inhabiting MC and lakes and affluent (LA). NGS and bioinformatic analysis revealed higher richness and diversity among magnetotactic cocci and the majority phylogenetic assignment of MTB affiliated to Pseudomonadota phylum. Hence, the complete acquisition of these results will provide further insight into magnetotaxis characterisation and the abiotic factors that impact MTB spatial distribution.
Reproductive‐Triggered Sterol Competition Exacerbates Age‐Related Intestinal Barrier Damage in Drosophila Females
Authors: Yu Guixiang , Chen Kejin , Yang Mingyao , Wu Qi
Published: February 2025

The trade‐off between reproduction and lifespan has been documented across a wide array of organisms, ranging from invertebrates to mammals. In malnourishing dietary conditions, inhibition of the reproductive processes generally extends the lifespan of females. However, the underlying mechanisms through which nutritional competition driven by reproduction accelerates aging remain poorly understood. Here, using female Drosophila melanogaster as a model, we show that among various dietary conditions lacking specific nutrients, only sterol deficiency significantly exacerbated both the incidence and severity of intestinal barrier deterioration during aging. Sterile mutation specifically ameliorated such damage in sterol‐deprived diets, but failed to alleviate age‐related intestinal barrier deterioration under other nutritional conditions. Additionally, we demonstrate that the lifespan extension and intestinal barrier amelioration, accompanied by a reproductive suppression effect, through the pharmacological inhibition of mTOR or Ras–Erk signaling using rapamycin or trametinib, were significantly modulated by cholesterol levels. Our study also identifies the morphological changes in excreta as a sensitive biomarker for early intestinal dysfunction. Collectively, these results suggest that the impairment of the intestinal barrier caused by reproductive‐induced sterol competition constitutes a significant factor limiting female lifespan in nutritionally unbalanced diets. This work elucidates a salient aspect of the complex interplay between reproductive resource allocation and somatic maintenance, thereby enhancing our understanding of how diet impacts the aging process.
Do the differing vaping and smoking trends in Australia and New Zealand reflect different regulatory policies?
Authors: Mendelsohn Colin Paul , Beaglehole Robert , Borland Ron , Hall Wayne , Wodak Alex , Youdan Ben , Chan Gary Chung Kai
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Comparing regulatory models for nicotine vaping products in different countries can provide insights into the most effective regulatory approach but can be confounded by cross‐national differences. This study compared two neighbouring countries with very different vaping regulatory models but with similar tobacco control policies and population demographics. Australia has a highly restrictive, prescription‐only vaping policy, while New Zealand adopted a regulated consumer model.

Methods

This study compared trends in daily smoking and vaping among adults and youth from 2016 to 2023 in Australia (adults ≥14 years and ≥15 years; youth 12–17 years) and New Zealand (adults ≥15 years, youth 14–15 years), using published statistics from large nationally representative surveys.

Results

Between 2016 and 2023, the decrease in adult daily smoking in New Zealand (from 14.5% to 6.8%) was larger than in Australia (from 12.2% to 8.3%) by a factor of 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43, 0.93]. However, the increase in adult vaping in New Zealand (from 0.9% to 9.7%) was larger than in Australia (0.5% to 3.5%) by a factor of 0.56 (95% CI = 0.17, 1.02). The largest smoking reductions in both countries were in young adults, who also reported the highest vaping rates. There was a more rapid decline in smoking in the lower socioeconomic groups and Indigenous people in New Zealand than in Australia. Youth smoking rates declined in both countries to very low levels. Youth vaping rates in New Zealand were higher but have started to decline since regulations were introduced.

Conclusions

If the association is causal, New Zealand's less restrictive approach to vaping (compared with Australia's more restrictive approach) may have contributed to a more rapid decline in adult smoking, and reduced social inequalities and Indigenous smoking, but at the possible expense of increased youth vaping.
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Colombia: Phylogeny, Resistome, and Virulome
Authors: Muñoz Angela B. , Stepanian Johanna , Solano‐Gutierrez Juan S. , Vale Filipa F. , Trespalacios‐Rangel Alba A.
Published: February 2025

Helicobacter pylori is a successful etiologic gastric agent that reaches a prevalence around 80% in Colombia. This bacterium is extremely diverse and has shown a phylogeographic pattern. The objective of this study was to perform an analysis of genomic epidemiology of H. pylori in Colombia. We enriched our set of 29 newly sequenced Colombian H. pylori genomes with additional data from public databases, reaching a total of 221 genomes in our dataset. Phylogenetic characterization was carried out using MLST and whole genome SNP analysis. We also performed a characterized the diversity of virulence factors and mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance. Phylogenetic analyzes showed two new Colombian H. pylori clades. Furthermore, many virulence genotype combinations were found, mutations associated with resistance were found for all the studied antibiotics, highlighting 14.4% of the genomes presented profiles associated with resistance to more than one family of antibiotics. Our analyzes described the genomics of Colombian H. pylori and verify the presence of a population group formed exclusively by Colombian isolates. We demonstrated the great diversity among the isolates and that the analysis by comparative genomics of H. pylori are valuable tools to assess the diversity, virulence, and resistance of H. pylori.
Technical changes in the glaze composition of tin‐glazed sculptures by Benedetto Buglioni c. 1490–1510
Authors: Sarnecka Zuzanna , Mazzocchi Chiara , Chwalik Arleta , Musialik Elżbieta , Pisulińska Małgorzata , Świetlicka Ewa Katarzyna , Tarasiuk Jerzy , Wachowiak Mirosław , Bonizzoni Letizia
Published: February 2025

During the 15th and into the mid‐16th centuries, tin‐glazed terracotta sculptures were celebrated for their luminous colours, perceived durability, and technical ingenuity of the novel medium. Although in high demand, the supply of these pieces was restricted because of the secrecy of the recipes used by the pioneers of the technique on the Italian peninsula, namely the Della Robbia family. As the Della Robbia workshop procedures did not come down to us in a written form, art historical scholarship has focused on retrieving the original recipes through scientific analyses of surviving pieces. Building on those investigations, this article addresses the technique of another master of tin‐glazed terracotta sculpture, namely Benedetto Buglioni (1459/1460–1521). Buglioni likely experienced the Della Robbia production first hand as he trained in Andrea della Robbia's (1435–1525) workshop. He began his independent sculptural activity in the 1480s. For the present study, two of his figures, now in Polish collections, dated to the most prolific period of his artistic career, have been examined using X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The interpretation of the results is informed by previous examinations of the Della Robbia glazes, as well as by contemporary written sources, including an early 16th‐century recipe book from Montelupo, Tuscany. The present study reconsiders the understanding of the Buglioni glazes as merely derivative and inferior to the surfaces of the Della Robbia sculptures. The physical examination of Benedetto Buglioni's works reveals a high degree of experimentation in his approach to the medium of tin‐glazed terracotta.
Heller Myotomy and Dor Fundoplication in a Patient With History of One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass
Authors: Daryabari Seyed Nooredin , Jazaeri Seyed Ali , Yarigholi Fahime
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Achalasia is a rare esophageal smooth muscle disorder. There is a global increase in the prevalence of obesity, so the coincidence of obesity and rare conditions like achalasia will more occur.

Materials and Surgical Technique

Here we present the Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication using gastric remnant in patient with history of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB).

Discussion

Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication using gastric remnant is feasible with good results in patient with achalasia and history of OAGB.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Alleviates Palmitic Acid–Induced Apoptosis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Habib Md. Rezwanul , Tokutake Yukako , Yonekura Shinichi
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the protective effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) against PA‐induced apoptosis in the MAC‐T bovine mammary epithelial cell (bMEC) line by assessing the level of cell viability, oxidative stress indicators, and expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. MAC‐T cells were pretreated with UDCA at 25, 50, and 100 μM before exposure to PA at 300 μM. UDCA was noncytotoxic at these concentrations and significantly improved cell viability, which was reduced by PA. UDCA pretreatment notably decreased PA‐induced expression of GRP78, XBP1s, ATF4, and CHOP mRNA, indicating reduced ER stress. Moreover, UDCA substantially lowered PA‐induced reactive oxygen species production and dichlorofluorescein fluorescence intensities. Although PA treatment elevated GSSG levels and disrupted redox balance by decreasing both the total GSH/GSSG and reduced GSH/GSSG ratios, UDCA effectively counteracted these effects. Specifically, UDCA reduced PA‐induced GSSG levels and restored redox balance by increasing both total and reduced GSH/GSSG ratios. These findings suggest that UDCA mitigates PA‐induced apoptosis in MAC‐T cells by enhancing redox homeostasis. Therefore, incorporating UDCA into dairy cow feed could help reduce PA‐induced cellular stress and improve milk production during periods of negative energy balance.
Anticancer (cytotoxic, anticlonogenic, antimetastatic, immunomodulatory actions) properties of 3,5‐dibromosalicylaldehyde against glioblastoma cells and DFT analyses (FT‐IR, Raman, NMR, UV) as well as a molecular docking study
Authors: Karakaş Sarıkaya Ebru , Pehlivanoğlu Suray , Türkmen Merve Özcan , Ekincioğlu Yavuz , Kostak Feyza , Çelik Sultan , Dereli Ömer
Published: February 2025

Background Information

The primary objectives of this study were to characterize 3,5‐dibromosalicylaldehyde (3,5‐DBSA) and, investigate its antiproliferative, antimetastatic, cytotoxic, and immunoregulatory properties. NMR, Raman, UV, and FT‐IR spectroscopies were used to characterize 3,5‐DBSA. Potential conformations of 3,5‐DBSA were evaluated using Spartan's MMFF method. Geometry optimization calculations using Gaussian software calculated conformation energy values.

Results

Subsequently, Raman, FT‐IR, UV (ethanol) and NMR (DMSO) parameters were calculated. The experimental spectrum was compared to theoretical spectroscopic data. The present investigation investigated 3,5‐DBSA's anticancer properties; therefore, docking was done once the stable structure had been identified.

Conclusion

Identifying stable structure is crucial to molecular docking studies. In order to identify the mechanism by which 3,5‐DBSA binds to PI3K as a therapeutic target, molecular docking was utilized. This work is the first to show that 3,5‐DBSA is cytotoxic, anticlonogenic, antimetastatic, and immunomodulatory in glioblastoma cell line U87MG compared to healthy fibroblast L929 cells. Cytotoxicity and anti‐clonogenicity studies investigated 3,5‐DBSA's antiproliferative activities, whereas wound healing assays assessed cell migration. The immunomodulatory effects of 3,5‐DBSA in glioblastoma were assessed by measuring Netrin‐1 and IL‐6 protein levels. According to our findings, 3,5‐DBSA may treat glioblastoma.

Significance

This work analyzes 3,5‐DBSA's conformational search, characterization, molecular docking, and structural and anticancer properties.
Genetic Study and Prenatal Diagnosis of Inherited Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Disorders due to Novel Variants in Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Genes
Authors: Zhao Zi‐Xi , Zhou Jing‐Lin , Wang Qi , Peng Songmin , Peng Yao , Wang Yu‐Rong , Hu Liang , Aiyitahong Rejima , Peng Lin , Gu Feng , Lu Guang‐Xiu , Lin Ge , Chen Song , Tan Yue‐Qiu , Du Juan , He Wen‐Bin
Published: February 2025

Inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency disorders (IGDs) are a group of rare recessive genetic conditions characterised by developmental delays and an early onset epilepsy caused by disruptions in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we identified eight variants in phosphatidyl inositol glycan (PIG) genes from four IGDs families through whole‐exome sequencing (WES). The variants included one in PIGA, two in PIGW and five in PIGN, with five being novel variants. Functional analysis confirmed the pathogenicity of the PIGN (c.1117‐12C>G) and PIGW (c.1112delT and c.659T>G) variants. According to ACMG/AMP guidelines, four novel variants were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Families I and III successfully delivered healthy children after prenatal diagnosis. This study identified the pathogenic causes of four IGD pedigrees, expanded the mutation spectrum of PIG genes and provided a theoretical basis for reproductive interventions in such families.
The non‐linear impact of corruption investigations on political trust
Authors: Li Yanjun , Umer Hamza
Published: February 2025

Trust in political institutions and their officials is crucial for implementing policies, enacting reforms, and facilitating collective action. This paper examines how corruption investigations influence trust in local cadres. Using data from China's anti‐corruption campaign, which increased corruption case disclosures, we find positive signals about checks and balances outweigh negative ones only when corruption cases are few. However, as investigations increase, trust diminishes due to heightened perceptions of corruption and lower evaluations of local governments, especially among those who lacked prior beliefs about local corruption levels before the campaign.
Carbon Emission Trading System and Corporate Tax Avoidance
Authors: Chen Wanyi , Meng Fanli , Wang Ying
Published: February 2025

Research Question/Issue

The existence of tax spillover effects from environmental policies has been a subject of ongoing debate. While companies may face cost pressures that drive them to engage in increased tax avoidance, they may also suppress tax avoidance due to considering social responsibility. This study explores the impact of the carbon emission trading system (ETS) on corporate tax avoidance behavior.

Research Findings/Insights

We find that tax avoidance activities are suppressed after companies participate in ETS. ETS curbs corporate tax avoidance by enhancing corporate social responsibility and strengthening regulatory deterrence. This effect is more pronounced in firms located in more economically developed regions, those with stronger tax enforcement, and companies undergoing digital transformation.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

This study enriches research on the economic consequences of ETS and the factors influencing corporate tax avoidance, expanding the relationship between tax policies and environmental governance.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

This study provides government implications in further improving ETS policies to enhance positive spillover effects on taxation and to refine corporate carbon disclosure systems. It also provides guidance for companies to promote tax sustainability by actively participating in ETS and leveraging digital transformation strategies.

JEL Classification

G10, G23, G30
Klotho Regulates Club Cell Senescence and Differentiation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Li Min , Chen Bo , Sun Sibo , Wang Kai , Wang Yu , Wu Jianqing
Published: February 2025

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by chronic inflammation and senescence. Previous studies showed that club cells and club cell secretory proteins (CCSP) have anti‐inflammatory roles, which reduced in COPD. Klotho (KL) decreased in human COPD lung tissue. KL‐deficient mice showed aging phenotypes, such as obvious emphysema and premature senility at the early stage, which are characteristics of COPD. However, little is known about the relationship between KL, club cells, and COPD. We speculated lack of KL would aggravate club cell senescence, which contributes to COPD inflammation. We collected COPD lung tissue using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), revealing club cells heterogeneity and cellular senescence in COPD. In addition, KL and CCSP expressions were downregulated in cigarette smoke (CS)‐induced COPD mice, associated with increasing age‐related markers. After KL knockout, more ciliated cells appeared where club cells disappeared. Furthermore, KL deficiency aggravated club cell senescence and CSE‐induced pulmonary inflammation. To investigate the specific regulation mechanism, hnRNPA2/B1 was recognised and identified it was the key molecule in KL‐regulated club cell senescence, and neddylation of club cell was a crucial factor contributing to hnRNPA2/B1 downregulation. In vitro, SA‐β‐gal staining suggested the aging phenotype was aggravated in hnRNPA2/B1‐silenced groups, and hnRNPA2/B1 over‐expressed achieved a rescue result. Thus, KL could regulate club cell senescence and differentiation. When CS stimulates the small airway epithelium, KL deficiency aggravates lung inflammation, club cell senescence and dysfunctional of ciliated cell. Targeting neddylation might be a promising strategy to reverse lung aging and club cell senescence. These results provide a mechanism about COPD‐linked lung inflammation.
Once‐Weekly Semaglutide Versus Once‐Daily Liraglutide for Weight Loss in Adults: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hashmi Tallal Mushtaq , Ahmed Mushood , Haider Ali , Naseem Salman , Jafar Uzair , Hussain Munir , Iqbal Javed , Ali Waqar , Ahmed Raheel
Published: February 2025

The effectiveness of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in facilitating weight loss among patients with diabetes is widely recognized. However, there are limited data available on the relative effectiveness and safety of once‐weekly semaglutide versus once‐daily liraglutide. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified through a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases from inception until July 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using R version 4.4.1 with the “meta” package, employing a random effects model. Three RCTs with a total of 922 patients were included in our meta‐analysis. The results indicated that OW semaglutide significantly reduced body weight (WMD: −4.55; 95% CI: −6.43, −2.67, p < 0.01), HbA1c (WMD: −0.46; 95% CI: −0.84, −0.08; p = 0.02), and fasting plasma glucose levels (WMD: −1.23; 95% CI: −1.51, −0.95; p < 0.01) in comparison to OD liraglutide. The risk of severe adverse effects (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.53–5.16; p = 0.38) and gastrointestinal adverse effects (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 0.82–4.14; p = 0.14) was comparable between both groups. Once‐weekly semaglutide therapy results in a more pronounced loss in body weight, HbA1c, and fasting glucose levels compared to once‐daily liraglutide.
Dietary interventions for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review
Authors: Bhanot Alisha , Hawton Katherine , Perry Rachel , Miller‐Molloy Felix , Blest Francesca , Easter Shelley , Hamilton‐Shield Julian , Candler Toby
Published: February 2025

Aims

Despite the alarming increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and young People (CYP), and its associated morbidities and poor long‐term prognosis, there remains uncertainty in its management. Dietary interventions have been shown to be effective in adults with T2DM, but little is known about their effectiveness in CYP. The aim of this systematic review is to provide up‐to‐date evidence regarding dietary interventions for T2DM in childhood and adolescence.

Methods

Five databases Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched from January 2000 to May 2023 for all studies involving dietary interventions in CYP under 19 years with T2DM. The primary outcome was glycaemic control as measured by HbA1c.

Results

Of 8352 search results, five papers met inclusion criteria. No randomised controlled trials were identified. Two interventional studies (n = 28) found very low energy diets (VLED) were associated with reduced HbA1c (16 mmol/mol (3.6%) reduction after 8 weeks), decreased requirement for pharmacotherapy and weight loss. However, benefits to HbA1c were not sustained over 2 years. From the observational studies, the most frequent self‐reported dietary strategies were limiting sweets and increasing fruit/vegetable intake, but efficacy was limited. Limiting fat intake was associated with improved HbA1c in women.

Conclusions

There is limited evidence and a lack of robust clinical trials to support the effectiveness of dietary interventions for CYP‐onset T2DM. With evidence of benefit in adulthood and encouraging initial results in the young, it is imperative that fully powered randomised trials with longer follow‐up are undertaken to determine efficacy.
GLP‐1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular events in metabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity
Authors: Bucci Tommaso , Alam Uazman , Fauchier Grégoire , Lochon Lisa , Bisson Arnaud , Ducluzeau Pierre Henri , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Fauchier Laurent
Published: February 2025

Aims

The associations of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and outcomes among patients with obesity according to the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO)) remain unclear. We examined the associations of GLP‐1RAs with mortality and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with MHO and MUHO.

Methods

The TriNetX network was utilized to select a cohort of patients with MHO or MUHO, and use or non‐use of GLP‐1RAs with propensity score matching (1:1). Cardiovascular events were identified during follow‐up.

Results

A total of 2 983 151 patients with obesity (512 434 with MHO and 2 470 717 with MUHO) were included in the study. Among these, 416 713 (13.9%) were GLP‐1RA users. After propensity score matching, GLP‐1RA use in MUHO was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality (HR 0.580 [95% CI, 0.566–0.595]), ischemic stroke (HR 0.921 [0.890–0.953]), AF (HR 0.913 [0.888–0.938]) and hospitalization for HF (HR 0.925 [0.900–0.949]) during follow‐up compared with non‐use of GLP‐1RA. Patients with MHO had a markedly lower risk of clinical events than those with MUHO. A trend towards a lower risk of cardiovascular events associated with GLP‐1RA was seen among patients with MHO. There was no statistical interaction in the risk of cardiovascular outcomes with GLP‐1RA use for MHO and MUHO patients.

Conclusions

The use of GLP‐1RAs was associated with lower rates of cardiovascular events than no use in patients with MUHO. Similar but non‐statistically significant trends were seen in patients with MHO.
Novel pharmacotherapies for weight loss: Understanding the role of incretins to enable weight loss and improved health outcomes
Authors: Forst Thomas , De Block Christophe , Del Prato Stefano , Frias Juan , Lautenbach Anne , Ludvik Bernhard , Marinez Marina , Mathieu Chantal , Müller Timo D. , Schnell Oliver
Published: February 2025

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are widespread diseases that significantly impact cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality. In the recent years, intensive research has been performed to assess the role of adipose tissue and body fat distribution in the development of metabolic and non‐metabolic complications in individuals with obesity. In addition to lifestyle modifications, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1‐RA) have become a meaningful treatment expansion for the management of both disorders. In addition to improving metabolic control and reducing body weight, treatment with GLP‐1‐RAs reduces cardiovascular and renal events in individuals with obesity with and without diabetes. These important benefits of GLP‐1‐RAs have triggered new interest in other enteroendocrine and enteropancreatic peptides for treating obesity and its metabolic and non‐metabolic consequences. The first peptide dual‐agonist targeting glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP‐1 receptors has been approved for the treatment of T2D and obesity. GIP/GLP‐1 dual‐agonism appear to provide better metabolic control and greater weight reduction compared with GLP‐1‐R mono‐agonism. Other peptide and non‐peptide co‐agonists are in clinical development for obesity, T2D, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other metabolic disorders. This narrative review aims to summarize the available data on approved and emerging enteroendocrine and enteropancreatic based treatment approaches for obesity and metabolic disorders. In addition to available clinical efficacy measures, side effects, limitations and open challenges will also be addressed.
Impact of heart failure medications on cognitive function: A systematic review
Authors: Jahangiri Soodeh , Kazakov Eliot , Amancherla Saipranusha , Kalogeropoulos Andreas P.
Published: February 2025

Background

Heart failure (HF) often coexists with cognitive impairment and accelerates cognitive decline. However, the impact of HF medications on cognition has received limited attention. This review evaluates the evidence on the cognitive effects of currently recommended medication classes for HF.

Methods

Systematic review using PubMed and EMBASE following PRISMA guidelines, employing keywords related to HF, cognitive function and guideline‐recommended HF medications. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT) or cohort studies assessing cognitive function in adult HF patients.

Results

Three cohort studies on ACEi/ARBs (N = 5080; 2 prospective, 1 retrospective) reported no significant impact on cognitive function to higher cognitive scores with ACEi/ARBs. Eight studies on sacubitril/valsartan (ARNI, N = 42,143; all observational studies or post‐hoc analyses of RCT) found either no effect on cognitive function or reduced risk of new‐onset dementia and improved cognitive outcomes with ARNI. Beta‐blockers (N = 40; 1 RCT) lacked significant cognitive effects; empagliflozin (SGLT2i, N = 162; 1 prospective) improved cognitive performance in patients with diabetes and HF with preserved ejection fraction; digoxin (N = 1172; 1 retrospective) was associated with enhanced cognitive function; and statins (N = 112,357; 2 retrospective), which are indicated in HF of ischemic aetiology, were not associated with a significant effect on cognition.

Conclusions

Guideline‐recommended HF medication classes appear to have neutral effects on cognitive function, and some may even offer cognitive benefits. However, the limited number and mostly observational nature of studies prevent firm conclusions. Further research is necessary to better understand the cognitive impact of HF medications.
Long‐run peer effects and promotion: Evidence from 70‐plus years of career records in Japan
Authors: Arai Natsuki , Nakazawa Nobuhiko
Published: February 2025

We estimate long‐term peer effects in the workplace by investigating whether working with a future executive makes junior employees more likely to be promoted. Using data on career history at the Japanese central administration from 1946 to 2019, we find that long‐term peer effects are substantial and persistent—junior employees who work with a future executive during the first 5 years of their employment are more likely to be promoted to top executive than employees who do not. The empirical results are consistent with the mechanisms of increased human capital, the formation of social connections, and a reduction in information asymmetry.
Attack on Climate: The Persistent Effects of Authoritarianism on Climate Policy Equilibria
Authors: Surdea‐Hernea Vlad
Published: February 2025

In this paper, I examine whether exposure to authoritarian rule, which often focuses on preventing the emergence of pro‐environmental groups that might threaten regime stability, persists after regime collapse and the onset of democratisation. Empirically, I exploit the post‐World War II division of Germany into two states, one of which became a liberal democracy and the other a Soviet‐style autocracy, in a geographic regression discontinuity design. I show that districts from the former East have lower climate policy equilibrium levels, which means that more climate‐ambitious political parties are less likely to receive strong electoral support. Crucially, these effects are independent of East Germans' preferences over other political conflicts, suggesting that authoritarian rule had a direct and persistent effect on environmental attitudes. Moreover, I show that the authoritarian legacy also manifests itself in increased polarisation over climate change policies, which, combined with lower demand for such measures, makes the former East Germany a breeding ground for climate‐sceptical political parties.