bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Reward and Punishment dalam Mengoptimalkan Motivasi Belajar Santri di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Qur’an Singosari Malang
Authors: Hisyam Ahmad , Mutholingah Siti
Published: January 2024

Rendahnya motivasi belajar merupakan sesuatu yang akan berdampak buruk pada kualitas belajar seseorang. buruknya kualitas belajar seseorang akan memengaruhi proses belajarnya dan target yang ingin diraihnya. Dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran Reward and Punishment santri bisa memaksimalkan materi pembelajaran sebelum dan sesudah proses belajar berlangsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mendeskripsikan bagaimana penggunaan reward and punishment di Pesantren Hidayatul Qur’an Singosari dan 2) mendeskripsikan bagaimana hasil penggunaan reward and punishment dalam mengoptimalkan motivasi belajar santri di Pesantren Hidayatul Qur’an Singosari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data meliputi metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data meliputi kondensasi data, penyajian data (data display), dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) Penggunaan reward and punishment di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Qur’an Singosari sudah terlaksana dengan baik, hanya saja pada sistem reward masih belum dimaksimalkan. Punishment lebih diutamakan karena dapat memberikan pengaruh secara psikologi terhadap tingkah laku anak didik agar dapat segera melakukan perubahan sikap pada dirinya. Dan 2) hasil penggunaan reward and punishment di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Qur’an Singosari adalah optimalnya motivasi belajar santri dan berkembangnya inovasi para pengajarnya. Keefektifan penggunaan reward and punishment menjadikan santri belajar dengan baik dan taat terhadap peraturan pembelajaran.
UPAYA KEPALA MADRASAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI SISWA MELALUI PERSYARATAN KENAIKAN KELAS
Authors: Azisi Azisi , Ummah Vina Rohmatul , Kamilia Nurdina
Published: January 2024

Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Huda dalam kegiatan belajar mengajarnya biasanya ditandai dengan bermacam kegiatan salah satunya program persyaratan sebelum kenaikan kelas, yang dimana persyaratan tersebut dibuat oleh pihak yayasan  langsung dan didistribusikan oleh kepala madrasah. Fokus analisis bagaimana upaya kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi siswa melalui persyaratan kenaikan kelas di Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Huda Al-Banat Peleyan Kapongan Situbondo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskritif, dengan menggunakan dua jenis sumber data, yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi kuesioner/angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kepala Madrasah Nurul Huda Al-Banat mempunyai tugas yaitu sebagai educator, manager, adminitrator, leader. Kepala Madrasah juga sudah memenuhi tugasnya yakni membuat perencanaan program, menempatkan tenaga pendidik sesuai kemampuannya. Strategi yang digunakan kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Huda Peleyan Kapongan Situbondo sebagai berikut : 1. Melakukan pengontrolan terhadap berjalannya proses persyaratan baik pihak yang sudah dibebankan menjadi penanggung jawab atau peserta didik agar persyaratan mencapai target. 2. Kepala madrasah memberikan kewajiban kepada setiap guru pembimbing untuk mencapai target yang telah ditentukan Melakukan evaluasi program dan memberikan arahan kepada guru pembimbing.
Determination for 3D sedimentary basin depths from gravity anomaly data using steepest descent method
Authors:   Can Tho University, Quoc Chanh Duong Tin , Phuoc Luong Toan ,   Trường Đại học Xây Dựng Miền Tây
Published: January 2024

In solving the gravity exploration inverse problems, determining the depth of the sedimentary basin played an important role in the petroleum exploration. In this paper, the depth to the basement of 3D sedimentary basin was calculated from the gravity anomaly using the steepest descent method. This method allowed minimizing the objective function based on the first derivative and adjusting the step length by the iterative method; using the variable is the depth of adjacent rectangular prism in the x, y directions with parabolic function between density contrast and the depth. The parameters in the parabolic function were determined by the nonlinear regression method based on the information of deep borehole in the Mekong Delta. This parabolic function was used to calculate the theoretical gravity anomaly for the sedimentary basin and solve the 3D inverse gravity problem on the model and on the real data. The used objective function was the mean square error function between the measured gravity anomaly and the calculated anomaly. The proposed method was tested on the model, showing that the calculated sedimentary basin depth almost coincides with the original model depth; then the method was applied to calculate the depth of 3D sedimentary basin from the local gravity anomaly in Bac Lieu province. The analysis results were consistent with previous publications, but the calculation time was significantly shortened, so this method can be extended to analyze data on a large area.
Publication Rate of Papers Extracted From the Medical Residency and Master’s Degree Theses of Guilan University of Medical Sciences From 2008 to 2018
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Skin Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Darjani Abbas , Norouzmehr Sedigheh ,   School of medicine, Guilan university of medical sciences, Rasht, Iran, Abbaspour Hassan ,   Deputy of research and technology, Guilan university of medical sciences, Rasht, Iran., Imani Fataneh ,   School of medicine, Guilan university of medical sciences, Rasht, Iran., Soltanipour Soheil ,   Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: January 2024

Background: research theses can have a significant impact on the development of applied sciences, especially when their results are presented to the public. There are few studies about publishing papers based on residency and master’s theses. Objective: to determine publishing papers based on residency and master’s theses in Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) during 2008-2018. Methods: this descriptive cross-sectional study retrieved information on residency and master’s theses from 2008 to 2018. Then searched international and national medical databases according to the title of theses, keywords, and the names of supervisors, consultants, and students. Results: 449 (58. %) papers were published from 774 theses. 41.2%, 11.8%, 0.44% and, 46.56% were indexed in type one, two, three and, other types of scientific indexes respectively. 98.66% of papers were original articles. 383 (85.3%) of theses did not have statisticians’ consultants. And the maximum median time from defending theses to the publication of a paper was two years. Conclusion: publication of papers increased at GUMS compared to the past, and more than fifty percent were indexed in scientific indexes types one and two. However, associated factors with the publishing papers process should be surveyed.
Histopathological Study of the Kidney Tissue of Neonatal Rats Born From Mothers Receiving Short-term and Long-term Ketamine Injections
Authors:   Division of Histology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran, Yahyaei Behrooz , Babaei Hesamedin ,   Department of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran, Khojasteh Leila ,   Division of Histology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran, Arminfar Aref ,   Department of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran, Jorjani Ali ,   Division of Histology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran, Jannati Toupkanloo Kimia ,   Department of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran, Avazzadeh Alireza ,   Department of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
Published: January 2024

Background: Nowadays, the importance of ketamine as a widely used drug in medicine, especially anesthesia, cannot be ignored. On the other hand, due to the increase in the number of different surgeries during pregnancy and the urgent need for a safe anesthetic agent, we decided to conduct this study to investigate the histological changes of the kidney, which is a vital organ in maintaining homeostasis and normal body function, in infants of maternal rats receiving injectable ketamine. Method: It was a laboratory field study that used fifteen female rats, which were randomly divided into three groups. The control groups, the group receiving short-term doses of ketamine through repeated injections and the group receiving long-term doses of ketamine. Then the histopathological changes of newborns resulting from the fertility of these rats was evaluated qualitatively with the help of an optical microscope. Result: In the short-term dose group, most of the glomeruli were normal in terms of morphology, only some of the glomeruli were disorganized and in a small number of them, shrinkage was observed. In the long-term dose group, some glomeruli had irregular size and shape, and the urinary space showed a small decrease. Also, the structure and shape of proximal and distal tubule cells were normal in both short-term and long-term groups. Conclusion: The qualitative changes of histopathology in both groups receiving short-term and long-term doses of ketamine were not significant compared to the control group.
Effect of Schema Therapy on Using Adaptive and Maladaptive Cognitive-Emotion Regulation Strategies in People With HIV
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran., Mostafa Maryamsadat , Sedaghat Mastooreh ,   Department of Psychology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Makvand hoseini Shahrokh ,   Department of clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran., ahmad Alinaghi Seyed ,   Research Deputy of Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2024

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important because of the social and labeling problems, and the prevalence of a variety of psychological, family, and social problems can be observed in these individuals. Objective: The aim of this study, in order to promote mental health, is to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive-emotional regulation of people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: The research is an interventional study that used a pretest-posttest design and control group. Thirty people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control. Garnefski et al.'s cognitive-emotional regulation (CERQ-SF) questionnaire was used. The experimental group received ten two-hour sessions of group treatment with Young's schema therapy model. To analyze the data, mean and standard deviation (SD) and analysis of covariance were used by SPSS 26 and P<0/05. Results: The results analysis of covariance showed that group treatment schema therapy improved the extent of adaptive strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, and broader perspective) and maladaptive strategies (self-blame and catastrophic perception), (p<0.001), However, there was not any improve in terms of blaming others, (P<0/033) and rumination (P<0/102). Conclusion: Schema therapy has increased the use of adaptive strategies and decreased maladaptive cognitive-emotional strategies (self-blame and catastrophic perception) in PLWH.
A Giant Frontoethmoidal Sinus Osteoma Presenting With Frequent Sleep Apnea Attacks: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, Alimohammadi Ehsan , Bagheri Seyed Reza ,   Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, Mohammadi Kousar ,   Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Published: January 2024

Background: Paranasal sinus osteomas are benign, slow-growing tumors that are typically asymptomatic. However, in rare cases, these tumors can grow to a giant size and extend into neighboring structures such as the brain, orbit, or nasal cavity, leading to clinical symptoms. These symptoms may include chronic headaches, rhinorrhea, neurological deficits, and visual impairment. Case presentation: Here, we present the case of a 27-year-old male patient who presented to our hospital with chronic headaches and frequent sleep apnea. Upon rhinoscopic examination, mucosal polyposis was observed. Further evaluation through computed tomography revealed a giant fibroosseous tumor in the frontal sinus, which exhibited aggressive extension into the brain parenchyma. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a giant tumor with an 8 cm diameter, exerting a mass effect on the underlying brain tissue. To address this complex case, the patient underwent a combined transcranial and transnasal surgical approach. Following the surgery, the patient experienced significant improvement in his symptoms. Conclusions: This report highlights a rare case of sleep apnea secondary to a giant frontoethmoidal osteoma with intracranial extension. The presence of frontal sinus osteomas can lead to serious clinical consequences. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent intracranial extension and mitigate potential complications associated with these lesions.
Acidente por loxosceles em cão: relato de caso
Authors: Gibim Maria Fernanda , Zundt Marilice , Silva Isabella Guartieri da , Sena Gabriella Capitane , Guimarães Letícia Jalloul , Salata Leonardo Lima , Rêgo Fabíola Cristine de Almeida , Nogueira Rosa Maria Barilli
Published: January 2024

A Loxosceles possui um veneno que tem ação hemolítica e dermonecrótica, tendo como resultado uma dor leve, eritema e edema, podendo evoluir para lesão necrótica, menos frequente a forma cutâneo-hemolítica, acarretando hemólise intravascular, anemia aguda, icterícia de pele e mucosas e hemoglobinúria. Sendo assim, este estudo objetiva descrever um acidente causado por picada de aranha marrom do gênero Loxosceles em um cão, da raça Border Collie, com três meses de idade, pesando 7kg. O cão recebeu atendimento com sinais de um possível trauma no membro posterior direito, observando-se claudicação e retração do membro afetado, apresentando também edema e dor. De acordo com os sinais clínicos, resultados de exames laboratoriais e progressão do quadro clínico, o diagnóstico foi picada de aranha do gênero Loxosceles. O tratamento instituído foi antibioticoterapia, anti-inflamatório e analgésico. Passados quatro dias o animal apresentou apatia, edema mais acentuado no membro e hipertermia. Após o animal ser internado, foram solicitados novos exames, apresentando progressão dos sinais clínicos cutâneos culminando na formação de abscesso e lesão necrótica. Ao longo da internação foi realizado infusão contínua de ampicilina e metronidazol. Posteriormente, foi usado enrofloxacina, tramadol e flunixina meglumina. Após cinco dias de internação, o paciente recebeu alta e foi prescrito tratamento com enrofloxacina e tramadol se necessário. Pode-se concluir que mesmo sendo difícil o diagnóstico por picada de aranha, o tratamento precoce, através dos exames clínicos e laboratoriais, é essencial para o sucesso na recuperação do paciente.
Ted Blodgett and the Pedagogy of Wonder
Authors: Tschofen Monique
Published: January 2024

E.D. Blodgett was a man of great and expansive learning, driven by curiosity about dead languages and far-away literatures and by those that were near. He was a masterful poet whose delicate works garnered Canada's highest awards. Others in this tribute issue address what he meant to the discipline of Comparative Literature and to Canada. I will talk about how he was a teacher.
Speaking a/part: Modalities of Translation in Atom Egoyan’s Work
Authors: Tschofen Monique
Published: January 2024

The Canadian artist Atom Egoyan (b. 1960) is perhaps best known for his sustained inquiry into the nature of the image and the technology of the screen. From early films such as Open House (1982), which features a man projecting slides onto bed sheets in his own home, to features such as Family Viewing (1987) and Speaking Parts (1989) in which television and home video screens begin to proliferate as they are at once framed by and engulfing the cinematic image, to films such as The Adjustor (1991) and Calendar (1993) in which photographs take on fetishistic qualities, to a project he is working on at the time of this writing (2007) in which two characters in different movie theatres send images of what they are watching to each other over their cell phones, Egoyan has consistently set out to explore our relationships to the dominant image-making technologies of our time. The complexity with which he treats the image and image-making has been amply treated in the critical literature about his work.  However, I wish to make the case that Egoyan has also offered a sustained inquiry into the workings of languages and translation, work which is all the more important because at this time, much of the critical literature on globalization, transnationalism, migrancy, and diaspora is surprisingly silent on these questions, as indeed is much of the literature on Anglophone Canadian cinema.
Atom Egoyan’s Oeuvre: Theatre, Film, Opera, Installation
Authors: Tschofen Monique , Joosse Angela G.
Published: January 2024

Filmography

Film, Theatre, Opera, Installation
Repetition, Compulsion, and Representation in Atom Egoyan’s Films
Authors: Tschofen Monique
Published: January 2024

[Introduction]: “Scarcely forty years old, Toronto-based filmmaker Atom Egoyan has proven himself to be astonishingly prolific. He has managed to complete eight short films, three operas, several installations, extensive work for television (including episodes for Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Friday the 13th, and the made-for-TV movie Gross Misconduct}, and eight feature-length films in which he has more often than not taken responsibility for the writing and producing as well as the directing. Since 1984, when Next of Kin was nominated for a Genie Award for Best Director, his features have earned him innumerable awards and accolades in Canada and abroad. Much of his early fame in the international scene came as a result of Wim Wenders' gesture at the 1987 Festival of New Cinema and Video in Montreal when Wenders offered the prize money for Best Film he had been awarded for Wings of Desire to Egoyan, the young director of Family Viewing. The Adjuster, from 1991, won Best Canadian Feature at the Toronto Festival of Festivals as well as the Special Jury Prize at the Moscow Film Festival. Exotica was the first Canadian film in more than a decade to be invited to compete at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the International Critics Prize. The Sweet Hereafter also had its premiere at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Jury, International Critics, and Ecumenical Jury prizes before going on to win eight Canadian Genie awards, including Best Picture and Best Direction. Egoyan also received Academy Award nominations for his direction and screenplay adaptation of this film, unprecedented recognition for a Canadian director of a Canadian movie. For his successes, he has been offered five honourary doctorates from Canadian universities, inducted into the Order of Canada, elected a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of the Arts, and even knighted with a Chevalier dans l'ordre des arts et des lettres by the French government in 1996.”
A Rationalization of the Structure of Sources of Investment Activities of Industrial Enterprises
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Zaitseva Anna S.
Published: January 2024

It is determined that strategic investment flexibility, taking into account the causal-fractal method, is a potential opportunity for industrial enterprises to quickly adjust or develop new strategic financial and investment decisions under changed external or internal conditions of investment activity. Strategic financial decisions should be based on an investment-active search for alternative options, directions and forms, in particular methods of implementation of investment activities. An important condition for determining the period of formation of the general financial and investment strategy of industrial enterprises is the strategic level of economic development and, in particular, the conjuncture of financial market segments with which future financial risk is associated. The conditions for defining the period of rationalization of the structure of sources of investment activity of industrial enterprises with the help of the causal-fractal method are also the sectoral affiliation of enterprises, the level of development, the stage of the life cycle, and others. The use of methods of rationalization of the structure of sources of investment activity of industrial enterprises with the help of the causal-fractal method is proposed, which will increase the level of validity of investment decisions made at industrial enterprises, that in the future will ensure an efficient ratio between risk and profitability of their activities. This methodology can be applied in a very common case of uncertainty in the financial results of enterprises, or the lack of information about the function of distribution of the probability of profit after the implementation of the investment project (which is the basis for the construction of isovariational ellipses of the mathematical expectation of strategic income) and the efficiency of investment portfolios of industrial enterprises.
Logistics 5.0: Synergy of Artificial Intelligence and Humans in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Skitsko Volodymyr I.
Published: January 2024

The emergence of ChatGPT in late 2022 brought unprecedented technological changes in many areas of business and society, raising the level of interest in generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology to a whole new level. The use of AI has become especially relevant in the field of logistics, where the need to optimize processes and reduce costs has always been high. The article analyzes the current trends in the development and application of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of logistics. The main challenges associated with the introduction of AI in logistics are outlined, including: the biased attitude of customers to interaction with AI; responsible generation of requests to AI in compliance with data privacy rules; the need to develop digital competence, etc. The conception of «Logistics 5.0», in which a person and artificial intelligence act as equal elements of the logistics system, is considered. The following main aspects of Logistics 5.0 are analyzed in the context of sustainable development: human-centeredness, viability, and sustainable development. Human-centeredness in Logistics 5.0 assumes that the human is central to the logistics system, and there is also a rethinking of the Human – Machine (H2M) interaction in general. Viability in Logistics 5.0 is the ability of the logistics system to exist (function) under any conditions, which is achieved through stability, flexibility, and adaptability. Sustainable development in Logistics 5.0 involves the functioning and development of current logistics systems while maintaining opportunities for future generations to meet their needs. The paper details three key aspects of sustainability for AI and for Logistics 5.0 – environmental sustainability, economic well-being, and social justice. It is concluded that there is a need to develop ethical principles and a legal framework for regulating the use of AI in logistics to ensure their contribution to sustainable development.
Development of Regional Economic Integration Processes in Asia and Europe
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Varlamova Mariia L. , Kvasnytska Oleksandra H. ,   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Hehamian Lusine R. ,   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the main economic indicators of the development of integration processes in the countries of Asia and Europe (on the example of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the European Union (EU)). The article analyzes in detail and discloses the main features, key trends, as well as common and distinctive features that determine the dynamics of the development of integration processes in these two strategically important world regions. The existence of the impact of integration on the foreign economic relations of the countries participating in both associations, including various trade and investment aspects, is proved. The dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators of the ASEAN and the EU, such as total GDP and GDP per capita, are highlighted, as well as the factors and events that have had a significant impact on the economic development of both regions over the past few decades. The key trading partners of both associations are considered, indicating their commodity turnover and share in the overall geographical structure of trade. An analysis of the commodity distribution of export-import operations of the ASEAN and the EU has been carried out and the main segments of their trade in goods have been identified. It is noted that the introduction of innovative technologies and scientific achievements are key factors that contribute to the competitiveness of the participating countries in the context of global economic challenges. The dynamics of foreign direct investment flows, the geographical structure of donor countries and the main spheres of investment in the countries participating in the groupings are presented. A growing trend towards investing capital in such important industries as education and training, manufacturing of electronics and electrical equipment, biomedical and pharmaceutical industries, infrastructure and real estate, as well as the creation of various projects in the fight against climate change and the development of the digital economy has been identified.
Mathematical Modeling of Protection Resource Management in Information Security Systems of Financial Organizations in the Context of Hybrid Threats
Authors:   Academician Yuriy Bugay International Scientific and Technical University, Karpenko Oksana O. , Rabchun Andrii O. ,   Academician Yuriy Bugay International Scientific and Technical University
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to mathematical modeling in the design of adaptive systems in the field of information security of financial organizations. The key challenges arising in connection with hybrid threats, in the context of the formation of the information economy, the rapid development of electronic payments in the financial sector, and constant information cyberattacks in the context of the russian-Ukrainian war are studied. The article presents a mathematical model developed on the basis of the Gross model for assessing the level of information security of financial organizations under different conditions of functioning. Particular attention is paid to the role of the model in optimizing the allocation of protection resources to ensure the reliability of information security in real time. The proposed approach will allow to achieve a rational allocation of protection resources in the construction of adaptive information security systems, which will increase the effectiveness of protection against hybrid threats. The article proposes a specific model for assessing the information security of financial institutions, including an important aspect of choosing criteria and setting priorities. It is noted that the effective allocation of protection resources is a key priority of information security management; its importance for ensuring protection against hybrid threats in the modern realities of the information and economic environment is emphasized
The Characteristics of Entrepreneurial Entities in Foreign Markets
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kuzmynchuk Nataliia V. , Liashevska Viktoriia I. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Yevdokimova Anastasiia S. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to study the essence and features of entrepreneurial activity in order to better understand the principles and factors that determine the success of entrepreneurship and its role in the country’s economy. With the help of systematization and analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, the definition of the concept of «entrepreneurial activity» is considered, depending on the direction of research of each scholar. As a result of the study, three main groups of definition of the concept of «entrepreneurial activity» have been allocated: risky activity aimed at making a profit; special kind of social relations; innovative activity aimed at making a profit. The article describes the main entities of entrepreneurial activity, identifies the key characteristics of each type of entity, determining its role, functions, goals and directions of implementation of activity. The size, forms of ownership, sectoral orientation and other key parameters of entrepreneurial entities are analyzed. The characteristic features and criteria that make a particular type of economic activity directly entrepreneurial are presented. Strategic decisions to increase the competitiveness of enterprise are identified. The study of the essence and features of entrepreneurial activity has great potential for expanding knowledge in the field of economics and entrepreneurship, which can focus on studying the relationship between the level of entrepreneurship and the economic development of a country or region; analysis of the contribution of entrepreneurs to job creation, increase in production and increased competitiveness; examining the effectiveness of policies and programs aimed at supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, determining which measures are most successful in stimulating the development of this sector. The study of the characteristics of entrepreneurial entities can help in the formulation of policies aimed at supporting and developing entrepreneurship, as well as in studying its impact on the economy and society, in providing recommendations and identifying strategies for the support and development of entrepreneurial entities in order to promote economic and social development.
Development of the Processing Industry of Ukraine as a Direction of Restructuring the National Economy
Authors:   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Tur Olena V.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to generalize the problematic aspects of the functioning of the processing industry of Ukraine. An analysis of theoretical approaches to the positioning of the processing industry as a factor of value creation for industrial products, which, through export, ensures the emergence of added value of other types of economic activity in foreign markets, is carried out. It is noted that against the background of in-depth processing of raw materials, the added value of finished products is growing at a significant pace and ensures an increase in gross domestic product and, accordingly, the development of the national economy. The properties of the processing industry are generalized, which consist in the production of orders for certain types of services, in particular research, information, educational, financial, etc., that ensures the development of innovations for the formation of new sectors of the economy. It is concluded that structural changes in the processing industry generate a transformation of the country’s economic system. Emphasis is placed on deindustrialization as a process of reducing the proportion of industrial activities in the structure of the economy and the share of processing industry in the structure of the country’s industrial sector, which has two forms. The first one is a decrease in the volume of industrial production, the second one is a slowdown in the growth rate of industry compared to other types of economic activity. It is noted that Ukraine is characterized by the first form of deindustrialization, characterized by such main problematic aspects as deterioration of the structure of the economy and negative shifts in the commodity structure of exports. The deterioration of the structure of the economy is determined by the inability to produce products with a high share of value added, which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the share of the processing industry in the structure of gross value added of the national economy, as well as a decrease in the level of manufacturability of industrial products. Negative shifts in the commodity structure of exports are reflected in the rapid decline in the volume of exported manufacturing products against the background of an increase in exports of raw materials. Prospects for further research in this direction are the formation of effective means for the revival of the country’s processing industry, in particular on the basis of the concept of the Novel Industrial Development of Ukraine.
The Economic Essence of the Categories of «Costs», «Revenues» and «Financial Results» in Ensuring the Financial Sustainability of Enterprise
Authors:   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Koliesnichenko Anastasiia S. , Avramenko Tetiana O. ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Stryhul Anton A. ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute»
Published: January 2024

The article determines that in the process of management the enterprise seeks to ensure financial and economic efficiency, which requires increasing its financial sustainability through the coordination of the work of all divisions of the enterprise in order to achieve the best possible financial results. Analysis of the financial sustainability of the enterprise is an important element of financial management and audit, which is based on the indicator of financial results and the factors influencing its size and dynamics of change. Therefore, information on the scientific interpretation of these concepts was summarized. Taking into account the given variants of interpretation of the concept of «revenues» by economists, it is substantiated that most of them allocate economic and financial benefits as the basis of this category. At this, some of the scholars emphasize the relationship between revenues and the assets of the enterprise or the capital of the organization, as well as with the efficiency of production. Based on the results of the generalization of approaches to the interpretation of the category of «costs», it was concluded that almost all scholars agree that costs are expressed in both monetary and material resources. Moreover, some scholars additionally distinguish the financial and investment spheres in terms of cost formation. An important aspect in understanding the essence of costs is the interpretation of this category as a decrease in economic benefits in the future. Further, economists interpret the category of «financial results» in different ways. It has been determined that modern economists mainly distinguish the synthesized theory of profit, according to which profit is revenues from the use of economic resources (factors of production). Also, financial results can be considered in the context of the value of capital, or the monetary estimation of the results of the enterprise’s work, its profitability. Accordingly, summing up the approaches of scholars to the interpretation of costs and revenues of enterprise, allowing to calculate the financial result, it can be determined that the latter is a rather complex and multidimensional category.
World Experience of Digital Development: Problems of Financial Subjectivity in the Context of Ukrainian Realities
Authors:   Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine, Kornivska Valeriia О.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to characterize the concept of financial subjectivity in the context of ensuring the reconstructive process, identifying the leading directions of digital financial development of Ukraine and determining their impact on the reconstructive process, as well as systematizing the world experience of digital financial transformations. To achieve the aim, the concept of financial subjectivity as the ability to exercise one’s financial freedom, which is a contradictory unity of independence and dependence on the inner essence of the decision-maker, has been substantiated. Taking into account the consideration that the implementation of financial subjectivity at the State level provides for the dominance of national priorities, it is shown that the intensification of digital development of the financial sector of our country has led to the formation of trends in which financial institutions will create significant risks for the reconstruction process and development of financial subjectivity. It is substantiated how digital lending, the dominant of non-cash circulation and the introduction of the central bank’s digital currency will level financial subjectivity, gradually excluding it from economic communication. At the same time, the European example of digital financial transformations is shown and its effectiveness in the context of harmonization of digital and non-digital development is substantiated. The ways to optimize the digital development of the financial sector of Ukraine are identified, the need to limit the influence of world financial regulators and prevent the experimental nature of the introduction of the central bank’s digital currency is shown.
Management of Bank Profit Formation
Authors:   Sumy State University, Kubakh Tetiana H. , Dekhtiar Nadiya А. ,   Sumy State University, Shenkarenko Vladyslav O. ,   Sumy State University
Published: January 2024

In the context of martial law and the State budget deficit, the profitability of systemically important banks plays a key role in supporting the national economy as a whole. Changing economic conditions and growing competition in the financial services market impose certain requirements on banks and require them to constantly analyze the external environment and improve their performance. As banks are focused on making a profit, which is the main goal of their activities, management of profit formation is one of the key functions of banks. Thus, given the variability of the external environment, the issue of management of profit formation is relevant and requires research both at the level of individual banks and at the level of the banking system as a whole. The aim of the article is to define the theoretical aspects of bank profit and to conduct a practical study of profit formation of a systemically important market participant - JSC CB «Privatbank». The objectives of the article are to define the concept of «profit» and its components, to conduct an analytical study of the financial results of the banking system and JSC CB "Privatbank", to conduct a correlation and regression analysis of profit and to identify the main directions of its formation. The article applies such research methods and techniques as abstraction, specification, theory development, as well as methods of analysis, evaluation and modeling. The article defines the relevance of this topic, considers theoretical definitions of the concept of "bank profit", its bibliographic component, provides the authors' own definition of the studied concept, analyses financial results and indicators of profitability of the banking system, analyses profit indicators of JSC CB "Privatbank", conducts correlation and regression analysis using the least squares method, and draws conclusions on the analysis of bank profit formation. Further research will help to specify the influence of factors on the formation of profit and identify ways to maximize it in the context of crisis phenomena.
Analyzing the Factors of Formation and Positioning of Brand in International Markets by the Attribute of Innovativeness
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Podorozhna Marharyta R.
Published: January 2024

In the study of world development along with scientific and technological processes, analysts’ attention is focused on the cause-and-effect relationships between global changes at the macroeconomic level (international economic integration, economic growth and crises, competition, maturation and emergence of new markets) and innovations, technical changes. This necessitates consideration of the impact of technological, systemically integrating, market, political and cultural changes on business systems, their consequences regarding the emergence of new forms and methods of organization, management, interaction, cooperation at the global, interregional and national levels. The results of the analysis of global brand ratings confirm that companies that give preference to innovation, digitalization and smartization of business processes, development and implementation of new business models, create new markets and new revenue sources, lead the competition in international markets, and widen the gap with less successful competitors. The article develops methodical support for the analysis of global brands by stages-tasks: the common attributes of global brands are defined; a system of indicators for calculating an integral indicator for assessing the company’s brand has been formed; models of dependence between the integral indicator and the ratings of the global brand and the company’s innovativeness have been built. To calculate the integral indicator of globality and innovativeness of the company’s brand, the following indicators were used: value of equity, current assets, operating and net profit, share price, sales income, goodwill.
The Transformational Changes of Oil and Gas Companies in the Context of Decarbonization as a Topical Management Problem
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Dodukh Vadym M.
Published: January 2024

Climate change is an important global problem caused by human activity that has negative consequences on the state of the biosphere. In this regard, there was a need for decarbonization (reduction of carbon dioxide emissions) for enterprises and entire sectors of the world economy in order to minimize the anthropogenic impact on the environment. In response to the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement, many oil and gas companies have set targets and committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This article considers the process of decarbonization of oil and gas companies and the related transformational changes of enterprises as an important problem of today. It is substantiated that the study of strategic planning and the process of implementing changes in oil and gas companies in connection with decarbonization is a relevant topic for research. There are constant technological, economic and other changes that affect the achievement of sustainable development and require constant analysis and study. Three areas of coverage of greenhouse gas emissions according to the Greenhouse Gases Protocol Corporate Standard are considered in the context of the oil and gas industry. The main measures for decarbonization of enterprises in the industry, including those planned for implementation in Ukraine, are analyzed. The materials of the latest domestic and foreign publications related to the topic of this article are also analyzed. The transformation of the production process of oil and gas production towards improving energy efficiency and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the transformation of oil and gas companies by diversifying the production of various types of energy, are aimed at achieving carbon neutrality by enterprises in the industry. Effective and scientifically based implementation of changes will contribute to the achievement of the climate goals of the Paris Agreement, the sustainable development of the energy sector and the global economy, together with the successful functioning of enterprises. The significant potential of large oil and gas companies can allow them to play a major role in transforming the global energy sector while remaining efficient and profitable enterprises.
The Methods of Regulatory Influence on Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in European Countries
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kyshakevych Bohdan Yu. , Demedyuk Bohdan T. ,   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Bytsiv Maria M. ,   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University
Published: January 2024

The article shows the importance of regulatory policy in the context of support and development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe. The authors have demonstrated how different regulatory instruments affect SMEs in an international context, especially in the face of rapid global and technological change. It is emphasized that SMEs are key players in European economies that create a significant number of jobs and foster innovation. As regulatory policy has a direct impact on the stability and predictability of the business environment, its role in shaping the conditions for SMEs is crucial. The article emphasizes the importance of harmonization of norms in the European Union and its impact on the cross-border activities of SMEs. The specific features of the application of various instruments for regulatory impact assessment, including RIA (Regulatory Impact Assessment), the iREG (International Regulatory Evaluation Group) survey and the Regulatory Quality Index, are analyzed. It is shown that a significant advantage of the Regulatory Quality Index over other methods is the consideration of a wide range of aspects of regulatory policy and the ability to generate a numerical expression of the quality of regulatory policy, which makes it possible to compare countries and regions. Each of these instruments is considered in terms of its potential, advantages and limitations in the context of analyzing the impact of regulatory policy on SMEs. The need for a combination of different assessment methods to obtain a complete and balanced view of the quality of regulatory policy is emphasized, which represents a multifaceted approach to understanding and improving the regulatory environment that contributes to the development and competitiveness of SMEs in Europe. It is shown that the regulatory policy of the European Union and Ukraine in relation to small and medium-sized businesses has a number of differences, which can be explained by different institutional frameworks, level of economic development and historical factors.