bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Revealed Mechanism Underlying Anthocyanin Biosynthesis During Flower Color Formation in Lagerstroemia indica
Authors: Gao Zilong , Chen Zhuomei , Wang Jinfeng , Liu Weixin
Published: November 2024

Lagerstroemia indica is a widely used ornamental woody plant known for its summer flowering and significant ornamental and economic value. While L. indica boasts a variety of rich flower colors, the molecular mechanisms underlying this color formation remain unclear. In this study, we selected three different flower colors of L. indica—white (W), red (R), and purple (P)—for transcriptome and metabolome analysis. The metabolome analysis identified 538 flavonoids, with 22 anthocyanins highly accumulated in the red and purple flowers. RNA-seq analysis annotated a total of 35,505 genes. Furthermore, we identified 42 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, with their expression levels aligning with anthocyanin content. Correlation analysis revealed that 19 MYB and 11 bHLH transcription factors are likely involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, we identified 59 auxin biosynthesis and signaling-related genes that are positively correlated with anthocyanin-related genes and metabolites, suggesting that auxin may play a role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in L. indica. This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation and color formation in L. indica petals and identifies several potential genes, laying the groundwork for further research on regulatory mechanisms and genetic improvement of L. indica.
Effects of Humic Acids, Seaweed Extract and Equisetum arvense L. Extracts on Morphological, Histological and Physiological Parameters of the Ornamental Plant Ocimum basilicum Rokokó
Authors: Kisvarga Szilvia , Horotán Katalin , Hamar-Farkas Dóra , Orlóci László
Published: November 2024

Ocimum basilicum L. is a multipurpose plant species used in the horticultural sector as a medicinal, herbaceous and ornamental plant. In our experiment, the Hungarian cultivar O. basilicum Rokokó was treated with algae (Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenf.), horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) extracts and humic extracts. The effect of the biostimulants on the groups was assessed by morphological (leaf number, leaf area, fresh green mass, fresh root mass), histological (number of volatile oil glands) and physiological (chlorophyll content, peroxidase enzyme activity, proline levels) measurements. Obtained results were evaluated and it was concluded that the plants treated with algae and E. arvense extracts showed remarkable results for all the parameters measured. It was concluded that these extracts can be used as biostimulants in the cultivation of basil seedlings as ornamental plants, as they have a beneficial effect on the development of the plant. The humic extracts were less effective during the time period studied, probably due to their high molecular weight, which would have resulted in a longer absorption time. For the humic extracts, foliar application was less effective than irrigation, probably due to rapid damping-off, which reduced the penetration of humic extracts into the leaves. Though morphological characteristics are especially important for basil used as an ornamental plant, the plant’s essential oil content can also be important in attracting attention in urban plantings. It was found that humic extracts applied (22.8 pcs/sampling area) with irrigation had a strong effect on essential oil glands, in contrast when used as a spray (13.1 pcs/sampling area). The lowest stress levels were obtained in the group treated with irrigated humus extracts (274.96 µg/mg), which may be related to the continuous supply of nutrients, and in the group treated with E. arvense extract, silicon (219.05 µg/mg) may be the result of hermetic effects. In conclusion, E. arvense and algae extracts can be effective biostimulants in the horticultural sector for the seedling production of ornamental basil, and after a longer growing period, humic extracts can be used effectively by irrigation after planting. The use of natural extracts can also give a green light to this segment for sustainable and environmentally friendly cultivation, which can also better resist the effects of climate change and urbanisation.
Evaluating Food Production, Cooling Potential, and Gardener Perspectives in Urban Allotment Gardens of Valladolid, Spain
Authors: Tomatis Francisco , Egerer Monika , Navas-Gracia Luis Manuel
Published: November 2024

The renaissance in urban agriculture is driven by its contributions to fostering more sustainable, healthy, and renaturalized cities. While urban gardens are usually designed to improve food security or serve social purposes, they also offer additional benefits. The aim of this research is to study the urban allotment gardens in Valladolid, Spain, highlighting their capacity to support low-income populations and their potential contribution to urban cooling. As a result of research in twelve plots across four gardens, we found that crop selection in Valladolid aligns with broader urban gardening trends in the Global North, with production adapted to limited plot space and varying significantly by season. In addition, we observed that urban allotment gardens provide more stable and cooler temperatures compared to urban gray spaces, although not as significantly as urban parks. The cooling effect was most pronounced during the summer, a season with the highest number of crops and the warmest temperatures. The study identified that greater crop cover above soil had a more significant cooling effect at the plot level. Surprisingly, crop abundance and crop diversity showed a weak correlation with cooling benefits. As a complement, survey questionnaires conducted with gardeners revealed their awareness of climate change and its perceived direct threat to their crops, health, and city. The future concerns of gardeners regarding the availability of water for both crop growth and the development of urban allotment gardens are emphasized. The findings provide results on self-produced food, urban cooling, and the opinion of gardeners, underscoring the multifunctional contributions of urban gardens to cities.
Mechanistic Study and Active Sites Investigation of Hydrogen Production from Methane and H2O Steady-State and Transient Reactivity with Ir/GDC Catalyst
Authors: Lachquer Farah , Toyir Jamil
Published: November 2024

Catalytic activity, mechanisms, and active sites were determined for methane steam reforming (MSR) over gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) supported iridium (0.1 wt%) prepared by impregnation of GDC with iridium acetylacetonate. Isothermal steady-state rate measurements followed by micro-gas chromatography analysis were performed at 660 and 760 °C over Ir/GDC samples pretreated in N2 or H2 at 900 °C. Transient responses to CH4 or H2O step changes in isothermal conditions were carried out at 750 °C over Ir/GDC pretreated in He or H2 using online quadrupole mass spectrometry. In the proposed mechanism, Ir/GDC proceeds through a dual-type active site associating, as follows: (i) Ir metallic particles surface as active sites for the cracking of CH4 into reactive C species, and (ii) reducible (Ce4+) sites at GDC surface responsible for a redox mechanism involving Ce4+/Ce3+ sites, being reduced by reaction with reactive C into CO (or CO2) depending on the oxidation state of GDC and re-oxidized by H2O. Full reduction of reducible oxygen species is possible with CH4 after He treatment, whereas only 80% is reached in CH4 after H2 treatment.
Multivariate and Spatial Study and Monitoring Strategies of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption in Corsica
Authors: Lazar Hajar , Ayach Meryem , Bousouis Abderrahim , Huneau Frederic , Mori Christophe , Garel Emilie , Kacimi Ilias , Valles Vincent , Barbiero Laurent
Published: November 2024

Groundwater, widely used for supplying drinking water to populations, is a vital resource that must be managed sustainably, which requires a thorough understanding of its diverse physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics. This study, based on a 27-year extraction from the Sise-Eaux database (1993–2020), focused on the island of Corsica (72,000 km2), which is diverse in terms of altitude and slopes and features a strong lithological contrast between crystalline Corsica and metamorphic and sedimentary Corsica. Following logarithmic conditioning of the data (662 water catchments, 2830 samples, and 15 parameters) and distinguishing between spatial and spatiotemporal variances, a principal component analysis was conducted to achieve dimensionality reduction and to identify the processes driving water diversity. In addition, the spatial structure of the parameters was studied. The analysis notably distinguishes a seasonal determinism for bacterial contamination (rain, runoff, bacterial transport, and contamination of catchments) and a more strictly spatial determinism (geographic, lithological, and land use factors). The behavior of each parameter allowed for their classification into seven distinct groups based on their average coordinates on the factorial axes, accounting for 95% of the dataset’s total variance. Several strategies can be considered for the inventory and mapping of groundwater, namely, (1) establishing quality parameter distribution maps, (2) dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis followed by two sub-options: (2a) mapping factorial axes or (2b) establishing a typology of parameters based on their behavior and mapping a representative for each group. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these strategies are discussed.
Integrated Transcriptome and sRNAome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Piriformospora indica-Mediated Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Banana
Authors: Wang Junru , Wang Bin , Huang Junmei , Yang Shuai , Mei Huan , Jiang Youfeng , Hou Yacong , Peng Jun , Cheng Chunzhen , Li Hua , Lü Peitao
Published: November 2024

Bananas (Musa spp.) are among the most important fruit and staple food crops globally, holding a significant strategic position in food security in tropical and subtropical regions. However, the industry is grappling with a significant threat from Fusarium wilt, a disease incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). In this study, we explored the potential of Piriformospora indica (Pi), a mycorrhizal fungus renowned for bolstering plant resilience and nutrient assimilation, to fortify bananas against this devastating disease. Through a meticulous comparative analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression in control, Foc-inoculated, Pi-colonized, and Pi-colonized followed by Foc-inoculated plants via transcriptome and sRNAome, we uncovered a significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DE miRNAs in pathways associated with plant growth and development, glutathione metabolism, and stress response. Our findings suggest that P. indica plays a pivotal role in bolstering banana resistance to Foc. We propose that P. indica modulates the expression of key genes, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), and transcription factors (TFs), including TCP, through miRNAs, thus augmenting the plant’s defensive capabilities. This study offers novel perspectives on harnessing P. indica for the management of banana wilt disease.
Special Issue “Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Diseases 2.0”
Authors: Beretti Francesca , Zavatti Manuela
Published: November 2024

All cells secrete various types of membrane vesicles, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), and this process is conserved throughout evolution [...]
Molecular Determinants for Guanine Binding in GTP-Binding Proteins: A Data Mining and Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Bhatta Pawan , Hu Xiche
Published: November 2024

GTP-binding proteins are essential molecular switches that regulate a wide range of cellular processes. Their function relies on the specific recognition and binding of guanine within their binding pockets. This study aims to elucidate the molecular determinants underlying this recognition. A large-scale data mining of the Protein Data Bank yielded 298 GTP-binding protein complexes, which provided a structural foundation for a systematic analysis of the intermolecular interactions that are responsible for the molecular recognition of guanine in proteins. It was found that multiple modes of non-bonded interactions including hydrogen bonding, cation–π interactions, and π–π stacking interactions are employed by GTP-binding proteins for binding. Subsequently, the strengths of non-bonded interaction energies between guanine and its surrounding protein residues were quantified by means of the double-hybrid DFT method B2PLYP-D3/cc-pVDZ. Hydrogen bonds, particularly those involving the N2 and O6 atoms of guanine, confer specificity to guanine recognition. Cation–π interactions between the guanine ring and basic residues (Lys and Arg) provide significant electrostatic stabilization. π–π stacking interactions with aromatic residues (Phe, Tyr, and Trp) further contribute to the overall binding affinity. This synergistic interplay of multiple interaction modes enables GTP-binding proteins to achieve high specificity and stability in guanine recognition, ultimately underpinning their crucial roles in cellular signaling and regulation. Notably, the NKXD motif, while historically considered crucial for guanine binding in GTP-binding proteins, is not universally required. Our study revealed significant variability in hydrogen bonding patterns, with many proteins lacking the NKXD motif but still effectively binding guanine through alternative arrangements of interacting residues.
Screening of SNP Loci Related to Leg Length Trait in Leizhou Goats Based on Whole-Genome Resequencing
Authors: Liu Jinyang , Dong Shucan , Lv Jianda , Li Yaokun , Sun Baoli , Guo Yongqing , Deng Ming , Liu Dewu , Liu Guangbin
Published: November 2024

Leizhou goats can be classified into tall and short types based on their size and habits. The tall Leizhou goats are well-suited for grazing management due to their robust physique, while the dwarf types are smaller, grow rapidly, and are more appropriate for feeding management systems. In this study, whole-genome resequencing was conducted to identify genomic variants in 15 Tall-legged (TL) and 15 Short-legged (SL) Leizhou goats, yielding 8,641,229 high-quality SNPs in the Leizhou goat genome. Phylogenetic tree and principal component analyses revealed obvious genetic differentiation between the two groups. Fst and θπ analyses identified 420 genes in the TL group and 804 genes in the SL group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that the phosphatidylinositol signaling system is associated with growth and development. Additionally, Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) analysis identified eight genes linked to leg length, including B4GALT7 and NR1D1. Notably, the NC_030818.1 (g.53666634T > C) variant was significantly associated with leg length traits, where the CC genotype was linked to shorter legs and the TT genotype to longer legs. This study identifies candidate genes and molecular markers, serving as a reference point for breeding and genetic improvement efforts in Leizhou goats and other goat breeds.
Development and Characterization of an Oncolytic Human Adenovirus-Based Vector Co-Expressing the Adenovirus Death Protein and p14 Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane Fusogenic Protein
Authors: Poulin Kathy L. , Clarkin Ryan G. , Del Papa Joshua , Parks Robin J.
Published: November 2024

Human adenovirus (HAdV)-based oncolytic vectors, which are designed to preferentially replicate in and kill cancer cells, have shown modest efficacy in human clinical trials in part due to poor viral distribution throughout the tumor mass. Previously, we showed that expression of the p14 fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) fusogenic protein could enhance oncolytic HAdV efficacy and reduce tumor growth rate in a human xenograft mouse model of cancer. We now explore whether co-expression of the adenovirus death protein (ADP) with p14 FAST protein could synergize to further enhance oncolytic vector efficacy. ADP is naturally encoded within the early region 3 (E3) of HAdV, a region which is frequently removed from HAdV-based vectors, and functions to enhance cell lysis and progeny release. We evaluated a variety of approaches to achieve optimal expression of the two proteins, the most efficient method being insertion of an expression cassette within the E3 deletion, consisting of the coding sequences for p14 FAST protein and ADP separated by a self-cleaving peptide derived from the porcine teschovirus-1 (P2A). However, the quantities of p14 FAST protein and ADP produced from this vector were reduced approximately 10-fold compared to a similar vector-expressing only p14 FAST protein and wildtype HAdV, respectively. Compared to our original oncolytic vector-expressing p14 FAST protein alone, reduced expression of p14 FAST protein and ADP from the P2A construct reduced cell-cell fusion, vector spread, and cell-killing activity in human A549 adenocarcinoma cells in culture. These studies show that a self-cleaving peptide can be used to express two different transgenes in an armed oncolytic HAdV vector, but also highlight the challenges in maintaining adequate transgene expression when modifying vector design.
Bioinformatics and Expression Analyses of the TaATLa Gene Subfamily in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Chen Yifei , Zhao Kexin , Chen Heng , Wang Luzhen , Yan Shuai , Guo Lei , Liu Jianjun , Li Haosheng , Li Danping , Zhang Wenjia , Duan Xiaoyan , Liu Xiukun , Cao Xinyou , Gao Xin
Published: November 2024

Amino acids are the main form of nitrogen in plants, and their transport across cell membranes relies on amino acid transporters (AATs). Among the plant AATs, the TaATLa subfamily comprises 18 members, yet the bioinformatics characteristics and functions of TaATLa genes in common wheat remain poorly understood due to their complex genomes. This study performed genomic analyses of TaATLas. These analyses included chromosome distributions, evolutionary relationships, collinearity, gene structures, and expression patterns. An analysis of cis-acting elements and predicted miRNA-TaATLas regulatory networks suggests that TaATLas are regulated by light, hormones, and stress signals. Functional assays revealed that TaATLa6 transports glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) in yeast. In contrast, TaATLa4 specifically transports Gln and Asp. Furthermore, TaATLas exhibits diverse gene expression patterns, with TaATLa4-7D enhancing yeast heat tolerance in a heterologous expression system, indicating its potential role in adapting to environmental stress by regulating amino acid transport and distribution. This study sheds light on the functional roles of TaATLa genes, with implications for improving nitrogen use in wheat and other crop species.
In Vitro Cell Model Investigation of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregate Morphology Using Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Swaminathan Priyanka , Klingstedt Therése , Theologidis Vasileios , Gram Hjalte , Larsson Johan , Hagen Lars , Liabakk Nina B. , Gederaas Odrun A. , Hammarström Per , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Van Den Berge Nathalie , Lindgren Mikael
Published: November 2024

Recently, it has been hypothesized that alpha-synuclein protein strain morphology may be associated with clinical subtypes of alpha-synucleinopathies, like Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. However, direct evidence is lacking due to the caveat of conformation-specific characterization of protein strain morphology. Here we present a new cell model based in vitro method to explore various alpha-synuclein (αsyn) aggregate morphotypes. We performed a spectroscopic investigation of the HEK293 cell model, transfected with human wildtype-αsyn and A53T-αsyn variants, using the amyloid fibril-specific heptameric luminescent oligomeric thiophene h-FTAA. The spectral profile of h-FTAA binding to aggregates displayed a blue-shifted spectrum with a fluorescence decay time longer than in PBS, suggesting a hydrophobic binding site. In vitro spectroscopic binding characterization of h-FTAA with αsyn pre-formed fibrils suggested a binding dissociation constant Kd < 100 nM. The cells expressing the A53T-αsyn and human wildtype-αsyn were exposed to recombinant pre-formed fibrils of human αsyn. The ensuing intracellular aggregates were stained with h-FTAA followed by an evaluation of the spectral features and fluorescence lifetime of intracellular αsyn/h-FTAA, in order to characterize aggregate morphotypes. This study exemplifies the use of cell culture together with conformation-specific ligands to characterize strain morphology by investigating the spectral profiles and fluorescence lifetime of h-FTAA, based upon its binding to a certain αsyn aggregate. This study paves the way for toxicity studies of different αsyn strains in vitro and in vivo. Accurate differentiation of specific alpha-synucleinopathies is still limited to advanced disease stages. However, early subtype-specific diagnosis is of the utmost importance for prognosis and treatment response. The potential association of αsyn aggregates morphotypes detected in biopsies or fluids to disease phenotypes would allow for subtype-specific diagnosis in subclinical disease stage and potentially reveal new subtype-specific treatment targets. Notably, the method may be applied to the entire spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases by using a combination of conformation-specific ligands in a physicochemical environment together with other types of polymorphic amyloid variants and assess the conformation-specific features of various protein pathologies.
Strategies for Modifying Adenoviral Vectors for Gene Therapy
Authors: Muravyeva Anna , Smirnikhina Svetlana
Published: November 2024

Adenoviral vectors (AdVs) are effective vectors for gene therapy due to their broad tropism, large capacity, and high transduction efficiency, making them widely used as oncolytic vectors and for creating vector-based vaccines. This review also considers the application of adenoviral vectors in oncolytic virotherapy and gene therapy for inherited diseases, analyzing strategies to enhance their efficacy and specificity. However, despite significant progress in this field, the use of adenoviral vectors is limited by their high immunogenicity, low specificity to certain cell types, and limited duration of transgene expression. Various strategies and technologies aimed at improving the characteristics of adenoviral vectors are being developed to overcome these limitations. Significant attention is being paid to the creation of tissue-specific promoters, which allow for the controlled expression of transgenes, as well as capsid modifications that enhance tropism to target cells, which also play a key role in reducing immunogenicity and increasing the efficiency of gene delivery. This review focuses on modern approaches to adenoviral vector modifications made to enhance their effectiveness in gene therapy, analyzing the current achievements, challenges, and prospects for applying these technologies in clinical practice, as well as identifying future research directions necessary for successful clinical implementation.
Continuous Use During Disuse: Mechanisms and Effects of Spontaneous Activity of Unloaded Postural Muscle
Authors: Shenkman Boris S. , Kalashnikov Vitaliy E. , Sharlo Kristina A. , Turtikova Olga V. , Bokov Roman O. , Mirzoev Timur M.
Published: November 2024

In most mammals, postural soleus muscles are involved in the maintenance of the stability of the body in the gravitational field of Earth. It is well established that immediately after a laboratory rat is exposed to conditions of weightlessness (parabolic flight) or simulated microgravity (hindlimb suspension/unloading), a sharp decrease in soleus muscle electrical activity occurs. However, starting from the 3rd day of mechanical unloading, soleus muscle electrical activity begins to increase and reaches baseline levels approximately by the 14th day of hindlimb suspension. This phenomenon, observed in the course of rat hindlimb suspension, was named the “spontaneous electrical activity of postural muscle”. The present review discusses spinal mechanisms underlying the development of such spontaneous activity of rat soleus muscle and the effect of this activity on intracellular signaling in rat soleus muscle during mechanical unloading.
The Gut–Heart Axis: Molecular Perspectives and Implications for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rivera Katherine , Gonzalez Leticia , Bravo Liena , Manjarres Laura , Andia Marcelo E.
Published: November 2024

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of death globally, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems and patients. The gut–heart axis, a bidirectional network connecting gut health to cardiovascular outcomes, has recently emerged as a critical factor in MI pathophysiology. Disruptions in this axis, including gut dysbiosis and compromised intestinal barrier integrity, lead to systemic inflammation driven by gut-derived metabolites like lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), both of which exacerbate MI progression. In contrast, metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from a balanced microbiota exhibit protective effects against cardiac damage. This review examines the molecular mediators of the gut–heart axis, considering the role of factors like sex-specific hormones, aging, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption on gut health and MI outcomes. Additionally, we highlight therapeutic approaches, including dietary interventions, personalized probiotics, and exercise regimens. Addressing the gut–heart axis holds promise for reducing MI risk and improving recovery, positioning it as a novel target in cardiovascular therapy.
Response of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Accessions to Moisture Stress
Authors: Manneh Nyimasata , Adetimirin Victor O. , Dieng Ibnou , Ntukidem Solomon O. , Fatokun Christian A. , Boukar Ousmane
Published: November 2024

Cowpea is one of the most important leguminous crops in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and moisture stress is among the constraints affecting its productivity. This study was conducted to understand the response of cowpea accessions to moisture stress. A total of 255 cowpea accessions from Togo and four checks from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), were assessed. The trials were conducted in the glasshouse and an open field (which was divided into moisture-stressed (MS) and non-moisture-stressed fields (NMS)). In the non-moisture-stressed environment compared to the moisture-stressed environment, there was a greater heritability for agronomic traits such as biomass, seed weight, and pod weight. The accessions with the highest seed weights (yield-related traits), surpassing the checks under both moisture-stressed and non-moisture-stressed conditions in the field, were six viz.: RK173 (49.8 g (MS); 90.4 g (NMS)), RP225 (34.6 g (MS); 119.9 g (NMS)), RP232 (33.4 g (MS); 51.9 g (NMS)), RM357 (27.9 g (MS); 62.9 g (NMS)), RK148 (23.9 g (MS); 63.4 g (NMS)), and Vu081_2_2 (21.8 g (MS); 46.7 g (NMS)). The most promising accession was RK173; this was ranked first under the moisture-stressed condition and ranked second under the non-moisture-stressed condition with a loss in weight of 44.9% due to drought stress. Of the top 20 accessions that recovered after watering resumed in the glasshouse screening, only the following 9 had a recovery percentage higher than 5% viz.: RS029 (34.5%), RK014 (14.2%), RS114 (9.6%), RK121 (8.3%), RS007 (7.6%), RK123 (7.3%), RS037 (7.3%), RS101 (5.6%), and RS108 (5.1%). The best line and those with a higher recovery percentage could be exploited further in order to improve them in future drought breeding programs by crossing them with lines susceptible to drought or using other drought breeding techniques.
Response of Helenium amarum to Environmental Stressors in the Presence of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Its Role as a Pollinator Resource
Authors: Jameson Austin , Horth Lisa
Published: November 2024

Globally, climate change is causing shifts in precipitation patterns. Shifting precipitation patterns can be a stressor for many species. One species that is experiencing such stress is Helenium amarum Raf (H. Rock). H. amarum, thrives in dry upland pastures and low-lying grassy and sandy habitat in the mid-Atlantic (USA), where it persists despite storm-driven standing water. Helenium amarum is a species that is toxic to livestock and has been found outside its native range. Temperature and light impacts on germination are already known, but the role of water availability and potential ameliorating effects of mycorrhizae during water stress have not been studied. We planted seeds collected from nature in the Aquatics Facility at Old Dominion University under varied water regimes (drought, flood, intermediate) and evaluated supplemental mycorrhizal fungi impacts on plant traits. Plants in soil with supplemental mycorrhizae grew to nearly twice the height of ‘no supplement’ controls (x¯mycorrhizae = 23.16, S.D. = 7.33 cm; x¯control = 13.70, S.D. = 6.33 cm; p < 0.001). Leaf length was also greater with supplemental mycorrhizae ( x¯mycorrhizae = 3.52, S.D. = 1.27 cm; x¯control = 2.66, S.D. = 0.75 cm; p = 0.0239). Leaf number was greater in high water treatments, with supplemental mycorrhizae (high-water: x¯mycorrhizae = 27.47, S.D. = 10.66; x¯control = 13.50, S.D. = 6.80; p < 0.001; pulse-water x¯mycorrhizae = 30.50, S.D. = 8.64; x¯control = 22.38, S.D. = 7.42; p = 0.0254). This work demonstrates that H. amarum tolerates both dry and moist soil during germination, which may be relevant for successful invasiveness. Supplemental mycorrhizal fungi buffer the effects of water stress, which is significant as climate change impacts precipitation. Additionally, we have documented that pollinators frequently visit flowers of the plant, which is indicative that the species provides ecosystem services in the form of pollinator resources.
Biorefinery and Bioremediation Strategies for Efficient Management of Recalcitrant Pollutants Using Termites as an Obscure yet Promising Source of Bacterial Gut Symbionts: A Review
Authors: Xie Rongrong , Danso Blessing , Sun Jianzhong , Al-Zahrani Majid , Dar Mudasir A. , Al-Tohamy Rania , Ali Sameh S.
Published: November 2024

Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) in the form of agricultural, forestry, and agro-industrial wastes is globally generated in large volumes every year. The chemical components of LCB render them a substrate valuable for biofuel production. It is hard to dissolve LCB resources for biofuel production because the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose parts stick together rigidly. This makes the structure complex, hierarchical, and resistant. Owing to these restrictions, the junk production of LCB waste has recently become a significant worldwide environmental problem resulting from inefficient disposal techniques and increased persistence. In addition, burning LCB waste, such as paddy straws, is a widespread practice that causes considerable air pollution and endangers the environment and human existence. Besides environmental pollution from LCB waste, increasing industrialization has resulted in the production of billions of tons of dyeing wastewater from several industries, including textiles, pharmaceuticals, tanneries, and food processing units. The massive use of synthetic dyes in various industries can be detrimental to the environment due to the recalcitrant aromatic structure of synthetic dyes, similar to the polymeric phenol lignin in LCB structure, and their persistent color. Synthetic dyes have been described as possessing carcinogenic and toxic properties that could be harmful to public health. Environmental pollution emanating from LCB wastes and dyeing wastewater is of great concern and should be carefully handled to mitigate its catastrophic effects. An effective strategy to curtail these problems is to learn from analogous systems in nature, such as termites, where woody lignocellulose is digested by wood-feeding termites and humus-recalcitrant aromatic compounds are decomposed by soil-feeding termites. The termite gut system acts as a unique bioresource consisting of distinct bacterial species valued for the processing of lignocellulosic materials and the degradation of synthetic dyes, which can be integrated into modern biorefineries for processing LCB waste and bioremediation applications for the treatment of dyeing wastewaters to help resolve environmental issues arising from LCB waste and dyeing wastewaters. This review paper provides a new strategy for efficient management of recalcitrant pollutants by exploring the potential application of termite gut bacteria in biorefinery and bioremediation processing.
IoT Integration of Failsafe Smart Building Management System
Authors: Sabit Hakilo , Tun Thit
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the energy consumption of buildings managed by traditional Building Management Systems (BMSs) and proposes the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enhance energy efficiency. Conventional BMSs often suffer from significant energy wastage and safety hazards due to sensor failures or malfunctions. These issues arise when building systems continue to operate under unknown conditions while the BMS is offline, leading to increased energy consumption and operational risks. The study demonstrates that integrating IoT systems with existing BMSs can substantially improve energy efficiency in smart buildings. The research involved designing a system architecture prototype, performing MATLAB simulations, and a real-life case study which revealed that IoT devices are effective in reducing energy waste, particularly in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems and lighting. Additionally, an auxiliary bypass system was incorporated in parallel with the IoT system to enhance reliability in the event of IoT system failures. Preliminary findings indicate that the integration of IoT systems with traditional BMSs significantly boosts energy efficiency and safety in smart buildings. Simulation results reveal an hourly average power savings of 36.8 kw with the integrated failsafe model for all scenarios. This integration offers a promising solution for advancing energy management practices and policies, thereby improving both operational performance and sustainability in building management.
Optimizing Myocardial Protection in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgeries: A Network Comparison of Del Nido, Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate, and Blood Cardioplegia
Authors: Al-Hasan-Al-Saegh Sadeq , Takemoto Sho , Benenati Stefano , Shafiei Saeed , Yavuz Senol , Galli Mattia , Helms Florian , Amanov Lukman , De Manna Nunzio Davide , Torabi Saeed , Karsten Jan , Schmitto Jan Dieter , Ius Fabio , Kaufeld Tim , Salman Jawad , Popov Aron-Frederik , Schmack Bastian , Ruhparwar Arjang , Zubarevich Alina , Weymann Alexander
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The optimal choice of cardioplegia solution in minimally invasive cardiac surgeries (MICS) remains debated, as prolonged myocardial protection is essential to avoid interruptions to the surgical flow, which can prolong aortic cross-clamp time and cardiopulmonary bypass time, especially in the constrained surgical field. We conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the del Nido (DN), histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK), blood cardioplegia (BC), and St. Thomas’ (STH) solutions in MICS. Methods: Medical electronic databases were thoroughly searched without time restrictions, including all types of studies except for study protocols and animal research. The final search was completed in June 2024. Subsequently, a network meta-regression was performed on both primary and secondary endpoints, utilizing R (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, version 3.6.2) for the analysis. Meta-analyses were carried out using Review Manager software. Results: A total of 15 studies, enrolling 2282 patients, were included in the analysis. None of the comparisons showed statistically significant differences in in-hospital mortality between the four cardioplegia solutions (BC vs. HTK, OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 0.13–80.84; DN vs. HTK, OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.28–7.23; STH vs. HTK, OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.19–8.20). Conclusions: In this network meta-analysis of cardioplegia solutions in MICS, no significant differences were observed in major clinical outcomes across the solutions. Cardioplegia solutions that provide long-lasting myocardial protection with a single dose, such as DN and HTK, were found to be safely applied in MICS. DN was associated with shorter CPB times and HTK was associated with shorter hospital stays, though these differences may not have clinical implications.
Comparison of Oxidative Stress Markers with Clinical Data in Patients Requiring Anesthesia in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Segmen Fatih , Aydemir Semih , Küçük Onur , Doğu Cihangir , Dokuyucu Recep
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the oxidative stress status in patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission before initiating ICU treatment, by measuring the total oxidant level (TOS) and total antioxidant level (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels. Additionally, we aim to explore the correlation between these oxidative stress markers and biochemical and hematological parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 153 patients treated in intensive care units were included in the study. Patients who met the patient admission criteria of the ethics committee of the intensive care medicine association were included in the study. Blood samples were taken at the first moment the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (before starting treatment). In total, 60 healthy volunteers who were compatible with the patient group in terms of age and gender were included in the study as a control group. Patients who had previously received antioxidant treatment and cancer patients were excluded from the study. Results: The TOS was significantly higher in the patient group (13.4 ± 7.5) compared to controls (1.8 ± 4.4) (p = 0.021). TOS > 12.00 means a “very high oxidant level”. OSI was significantly higher in the patient group (689.8 ± 693.9) compared to the control group (521.7 ± 546.6) (p = 0.035). Ferritin levels were significantly higher in the patient group (546.5 ± 440.8 ng/mL) compared to controls (45.5 ± 46.5 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Patients had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cells (WBCs), immature granulocytes (IGs), zinc, and copper compared to the control group, indicating elevated inflammation and oxidative stress. CRP levels were 76.6 ± 85.9 mg/L in patients versus 5.6 ± 15.1 mg/L in controls (p < 0.001). PCT levels were 15.8 ± 8.6 ng/L in patients versus 2.3 ± 7.2 ng/L in controls (p = 0.012). Zinc and copper were also significantly elevated (p = 0.012 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Our study provides valuable insights into the relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and trace elements, contributing to the growing understanding of oxidative stress as a prognostic tool in critical care. This could help to tailor therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing oxidative damage in ICU patients, enhancing patient outcomes.
The Unmet Needs of Lysosomal Storage Disorders from Early Diagnosis to Caregiving Pathways: An Italian Perspective
Authors: Castaman Giancarlo , Linari Silvia , Barbato Antonio , Costantino Niko , Dionisi-Vici Carlo , Menni Francesca , Procopio Elena , Ramat Silvia , Torquati Fernanda , Verrecchia Elena , Scarpa Maurizio
Published: November 2024

Background/Objective: Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of rare, inborn, metabolic errors characterized by deficiencies in normal lysosomal function and by the intralysosomal accumulation of undegraded substrates, resulting in the damage of multiple organ systems. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is extremely heterogeneous. LSD diagnosis and management still present many issues. Methods: A group of Italian experts and patients’ representatives met to discuss some critical aspects, and among the most impactful are early diagnosis, the transition of the patient from pediatric to adult age, territorial management, and the multidisciplinary approach. Results: Possible solutions to diagnostic delays may be a widespread newborn screening and screening programs on selected populations. The lack of a structured transition process could be helped by the drafting of shared diagnostic and therapeutic care pathways beyond the availability of databases accessible to the different levels that manage a patient. Territorial management could benefit from telemedicine, but a homogeneous diffusion of home therapy, not yet everywhere possible, is essential. A fundamental role is played by the patient associations, which should be increasingly involved in the political choices. It is also crucial to create structured multidisciplinary teams of experts for disease management and comorbidities. A transversal need appears to be greater training on LSDs. In Italy, the “Statement of Udine” was developed to guide further steps towards improvements in inherited metabolic medicine in adults, referencing the experience from the United Kingdom. Conclusions: Much can be done for the early diagnosis and management of LSDs with an effective treatment, but many aspects need improvement for the overall management of the patient. An investment in dedicated resources, formal recognition, and training is needed to address these unmet needs.
Light Therapy for Older People with Depressive Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Seok Ji-Woo , Kim Jung-Dae
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Light therapy has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological treatment for depressive symptoms. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of light therapy specifically for depressive symptoms in elderly populations, with a focus on how different light intensities and spectra influence treatment outcomes. Methods: A systematic search targeting studies on light therapy for depressive symptoms in older adults was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, covering studies from database inception until July 2024. A total of 565 records were identified, with 461 studies remaining after removing duplicates. Following the screening of titles and abstracts, 54 studies underwent full-text review, resulting in the inclusion of 22 studies with a total of 1290 participants (687 in the intervention group and 603 in the control group). Results: The overall effect size for light therapy on depressive symptoms was moderate (Hedges’ g = 0.525, p < 0.001). Higher light intensities (10,000 lux and above) demonstrated significantly greater effectiveness compared to lower intensities. White light had the most substantial effect, while bluish light showed moderate efficacy. Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (I2 = 80.459%), indicating variability in treatment outcomes based on study design, intensity, and light spectrum. Conclusions: This meta-analysis confirms that light therapy is an effective treatment for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults, particularly at higher intensities and with specific light spectra such as white light. Given the heterogeneity in results, future research should focus on optimizing treatment parameters to enhance clinical outcomes within this population.
Anticoagulation Management for Veno-Venous ECMO in COVID-19 Patients: Argatroban as Rescue Therapy in Heparin-Associated Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Schiavoni Lorenzo , Mattei Alessia , Cuccarelli Martina , Strumia Alessandro , Dominici Carmelo , Nenna Antonio , Aceto Jessica , Palazzo Gloria , Pascarella Giuseppe , Costa Fabio , Cataldo Rita , Agrò Felice Eugenio , Carassiti Massimiliano
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used as a life support technique in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The use of anticoagulation during ECMO support remains a topic of debate. The primary aim of this study is to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of using argatroban as an anticoagulant instead of heparin in patients with heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. Methods: 40 patients were enrolled and initially treated with unfractionated heparin for anticoagulation during ECMO, composing the UFH group. Twenty-one of these patients experienced a drop in platelet count to below 100,000 cells/mm3 and, after testing negative for IgG anti-PF4/heparin, the anticoagulation was switched to argatroban, composing the ARG group. Hemorrhagic events were recorded along with blood chemistry parameters. Results: Bleedings were significantly more frequent in the UFH group than in ARG group (58/579 days vs. 21/357 days, p = 0.041). No significant differences were observed in hemorrhagic episodes for each bleeding site, except for tracheal stoma (14 vs. 1, p = 0.011). No differences in activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) values were found between the two groups (aPTT 42.65 s vs. 44.70 s, p = 0.443). Linear regression analysis revealed that the platelet count on day 5 was correlated with the initial platelet count but not with the type of anticoagulant used (p = 0.001, CI 0.55, 0.69 and p = 0.078). Linear regression analysis in both groups showed a correlation between the duration of ECMO support and intensive care unit stay for the median aPTT and median platelet count. Furthermore, no major systemic thrombotic events or circuit clotting were observed in this patient cohort. Conclusions: Argatroban seems to be safe in patients with persistent heparin-associated thrombocytopenia undergoing ECMO.
Severity of Acute Kawasaki Disease Can Be Predicted by Evaluating the Body Temperature at the Completion of an Initial Immunoglobulin Treatment
Authors: Kishimoto Shintaro , Fujimoto Tamotsu , Ihara Kenji
Published: November 2024

Objective: We aimed to determine whether the severity of acute Kawasaki disease (KD) can be predicted based on whether a patient remains febrile or becomes afebrile immediately after the completion of initial immunoglobulin treatment (IVIG). Methods: This retrospective cohort study at a single institution involved 306 patients with KD. They were categorized into four groups according to their fever status at two specific time points (end of the initial IVIG treatment and 24–36 h later): Group F-F, patients who remained febrile at both time points; Group F-AF, patients who were febrile at the end of the initial IVIG treatment but became afebrile 24–36 h later; Group AF-F, patients who were afebrile at the end of the initial IVIG treatment but became febrile 24–36 h later; and Group AF-AF, patients who remained afebrile at both time points. The clinical characteristics of the groups were compared. Results: Group F-F (n = 38) showed a significantly higher incidence of CAAs compared to Group AF-F (n = 37), 55.3% vs. 0.0% (p < 0.0001), although both groups were classified as resistant to the initial IVIG. Conclusions: In Japanese patients with acute KD, the presence or absence of fever at the completion of initial IVIG treatment may serve as an early predictor of the occurrence of CAAs. An earlier secondary treatment may be warranted for patients who are in a febrile state immediately after the completion of the initial IVIG treatment. Future research should include a prospective cohort study with a larger number of KD cases across multiple institutions to analyze the effects of other contributing factors related to CAL formation.