bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANGTUA DENGAN KESIAPAN TOILET TRAINING PADA ANAK USIA TODDLER
Authors: Mail Aidatul Fitri , Romdzati Romdzati
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: Salah satu tugas perkembangan anak pada usia toddler adalah toilet training. Toilet training adalah suatu proses pengajaran kepada anak untuk mengontrol buang air kecil dan buang air besar secara benar dan teratur. Kesiapan toilet training pada anak usia toddler tidakhanya dipengaruhi oleh kesiapan fisik, psikologis, mental, dan orang tua tetapi bisa juga dipengaruhi oleh pola asuh orang tua yang diterapkan ke anak. Pola asuh orang tua ada tiga macam diantaranya otoriter, permisif, dan demokratis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan kesiapan toilet training pada anak usia toddler Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimen dengan desain correlational melalui pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 44 responden dengan pengambilan sampel melalui teknik purposive sampling. Uji statistic menggunakan chi-squaredengan a=0,05.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan sebagian besar orang tua menerapkan pola asuh demokratis yaitu sebanyak 30 responden (68,2%) dengan kesiapan toilet training sebanyak 22 responden (73,3%). Korelasi menggunakan uji chi-square didapatkan hasil nilai p=0,040.Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh nilai signifikan p=0,040 < 0,05 yang berarti ada hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan kesiapan toilet training pada anak usia toddler.Kata kunci: Pola asuh, Kesiapan toilet training, Anak usia toddler.
Sistem Pembiayaan Kesehatan
Authors: Setyawan Febri Endra Budi
Published: December 2020

Pembangunan kesehatan adalah sebagai bagian dari pembangunan nasional, dalam pembangunan kesehatan tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang optimal.Kenyataan yang terjadi sampai saat ini derajat kesehatan masyarakat masih rendah khususnya masyarakat miskin. Hal ini dapat digambarkan bahwa derajat kesehatan masyarakat miskin berdasarkan indikatorAngka Kematian Bayi (AKB) dan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia, masih cukup tinggi, yaitu AKB sebesar 35 per 1000 kelahiran hidup dan AKI sebesar 307 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah karena mahalnya biaya kesehatan sehingga akses ke pelayanan kesehatan pada umumnya masih rendah. Asuransi kesehatan salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah ketidakmampuan terhadap pembiayaan pelayanan kesehatan.
Penerapan Problem-Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Murid Pada Pelajaran Ekonomi Kelas X IIS
Authors: Fajrin Ghaisani Intan Martikasari , Rafsanjani Mohamad Arief
Published: December 2020

Kegiatan pembelajaran ekonomi di kelas X IIS 2 seringkali berpusat pada guru sehingga murid kurang termotivasi dalam mengikuti KBM dan mengakibatkan kurang memuaskannya prestasi belajar murid. Oleh karenanya diprelukan sebuah solusi untuk mengatasi malasah tersebut. Penelitian ini memiliki intensi sebagai berikut: 1) mengetahui perubahan aktvitas murid selama mengikuti proses pembelajaran dan 2) mengetahui perubahan prestasi belajar murid setelah diajari dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe PBL (PBL). Dalam prosesnya, penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) sebagai rancangan penelitian. Peserta penelitian melibatkan 35 murid kelas X IIS 2 di SMA Negeri 1 Gresik. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa penggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe PBL (PBL) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar para murid. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh perolehan pengamatan pada periode pertama yang menunjukkan aktivitas belajar murid mencapai skala 2,6 yang tergolong kurang baik, menjadi 3,1 yang tergolong baik pada pengamatan periode kedua. Di samping aktivitas belajar murid, prestasi belajar murid juga terbukti mengalami kenaikan. Pada akhir periode penelitian pertama, prestasi belajar murid mendapatkan hasil dengan persentase 60% dan pada akhir periode penelitian kedua, prestasi belajar murid naik menjadi 88,6%.
Peningkatan Perilaku Cinta Lingkungan Pada Golden Age di Taman Kanak Kanak Kartika Kodim Ende NTT
Authors: Suryani Lely , Aje Ariswan Usman , Bantas Maria Goretti D.
Published: December 2020

Penanaman sikap cinta lingkungan pada usia dini menjadi hal penting dalam proses pembelajaran terutamanya bagi generasi yang duduk di Taman Kanak Kanak, yang dikategorikan sebagai Golden Age dalam penelitian ini. Perilaku cinta lingkungan yang diproses melalui kegiatan membuang sampah pada tempatnya di TK Kartika Kodim Ende menjadi fokus utama penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat peningkatan perilaku cinta lingkungan melalui kegiatan membuang sampah pada tempatnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui observasi langsung, wawancara dan dokumentasi yang melibatkan 18 siswa/i kelas B2 TK Kartika Kodim Ende. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran kegiatan membuang sampah pada tempatnya di TK Kartika Kodim Ende dengan kategori baik. Dalam hal ini langkah-langkah yang dilakukan guru berdasarkan perencanaan yang telah dibuat meliputi; a) pemberian pemahaman kegiatan memilah dan menempatkan sampah pada tempatnya, b) menyedikan bak sampah terpilah jenis organik dan anorganik, serta c) memperaktekkan pemilahan dan penempatan sampah sesuai jenisnya ditempat yang benar, 2) Perilaku cinta lingkungan melalui kegiatan membuang sampah pada tempatnya berkembang sangat baik dan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 40%. Dimana siklus I sebesar 60% meningkat menjadi 100% pada siklus ke II.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pop-Upterhadap Kemampuan Konsep Bilangan Pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun Di Tk
Authors: Amrina Qusnul , Prasetiyawati Dwi , Karmila Mila
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya pentingnya kemampuankonsep bilangandi TK  Mardiputra Kendal khususnya pada Usia  4-5 tahun, masih rendah. Pada observasi awal yang dilakukan di TK Mardiputra Kendalketika proses pembelajaranmatematika berlangsung, anak diminta untuk menyebutkan urutan bilangan,anak tidak mampu melaksanakannya, beberapa anak tidak mampu membilangdan menunjuk benda, anak juga tidak mampu untuk menghubungkan /memasangkan lambang bilangan dengan benda-benda, beberapa anak belum bisa menuliskan angka1-10. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh penggunaan Media Pop-up terhadap keampuan konsep bilangan anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK Mardiputra Kendal. Metodeyang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen.Desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah pre-experimental design dengan bentuk one-grouppretest-posttest design.  Hasil uji hipotesis uji t dimana diperoleh 36.864hasil tersebut kemudiandibandingkan dengan  distribusi t, taraf sig.0,05 untuk t tabel 0,05:15 sehingga diperoleh 1,753 artinya > maka  ditolak dan   diterima. sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Media Popupditerima yang berarti terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media popup terhadap kemampuankonsep bilangan anak.
ENDOSCOPIC PICTURE OF FALLOPIAN TUBES STATE IN KAZAKHSTAN WOMEN WITH NATURAL STERILITY COMBINED WITH REPRODUCTIVE DISEASES
Authors: Sagimbekovna Aketaeva Asem , Kenzhebekovna Smailova Lazat , Kenzhetaevna Kabikenova Dinara
Published: December 2020

Determination of level of fallopian tube affect and assessment of fallopian tube state in women with natural sterility combined with reproductive diseases.

The analysis of endoscopic surgery results was presented by sampling in 200 patients, of which 98 patients with natural sterility, 102 with secondary sterility.

The patients with natural sterility were distributed by three groups:

1 group was made up with patients with natural sterility combined with endometriosis (n=33), 

2 made up with patients with natural sterility combined with uterine fibroid (n=26), 

3 are patients with natural sterility combined with chronic salpingitis.

All patients have passed the standard examination.

According to data of  sonographic hydrotubation in 1 group the double-sided uterine tubes patency was observed in 28%(84,85+6,24), in 2 group in 20% (76,92+8,26), in 3 group  29 %(74,36+6,99) of cases.

Under laparoscopic examination of fallopian tube the changes were observed in 1 group in 10% (30,30+8,00)  of cases. In 2 group the changes are observed in 20 % (76,92+8,26)   of cases.  In 3 group the changes are observed in 32% (82,05+6,15)  of cases. 

Hereby in view of the presence of patients with natural sterility the frequency of fallopian tube abnormality in three groups was equal from 30% to 82,05%, despite its double-sided patency 74,36% to 84,85%. Therefore the endoscopic interventions shall be performed not with the purpose of diagnosis verification but with medical purpose.
Response to combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in chronic hepatitis C infection.
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Haq Muhammad Israr ul , Abbas Ghulam
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To determine efficacy of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. Study Design: Open label uncontrolled interventional study. Setting: Hepatitis Clinic, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Period: June to December 2018. Material & Methods: Five hundred treatment naïve chronic hepatitis C patients including those with compensated cirrhosis were included in the study. They were given sofosbuvir 400 mg daily and daclatasvir 60 mg daily. Weight based ribavirin was added if patient has evidence of cirrhosis. Treatment duration was 12 weeks for non-cirrhotic and 24 weeks for cirrhotics. End of treatment response (ETR) was recorded. Results: Mean age of the included patients was 41±11.69 with range from 8 to 82 years, while 217 (43.4 %) patients were male and 283 (56.6 %) were female. Cirrhosis was present in 59 (11.8 %) patients; among these 35.6 % were in Child A and 64.4 % in early Child B. End of treatment response occurred in 491 (98.2 %) patients and there was no significant difference in ETR between male and female patients, and between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic. Similarly, there was no significant difference in age between those having ETR and those having no ETR. Fatigue was experienced by 13.2 % and headache by 4.2 % patients. Conclusion: The combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir has high response rate in chronic hepatitis C patients of our population.
Iatrogenic ureteric injuries in urological surgeries- a tertiary hospital experience.
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To review our experience in the management of iatrogenic ureter injuries caused by different urological procedures. Study Design: Descriptive Case series. Setting: Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi. Period: January 2011 to December 2018. Material & Methods: We included all cases of iatrogenic ureteric injuries induced by urology department only. Gynecological and general surgical iatrogenic injuries were excluded in this study. All pertinent details like indication for surgery, type of surgery, location of injury, laterality, type of injury, time of recognition of injury (i-e intra-operative, early and late), treatment modality and their surgical outcomes were recorded. Results: We managed 56 iatrogenic ureteric injuries in 47 patients during study period. Mean age was 43.14+ 8.86 years. There were 31 males (66%) and 16 females (34%). Right sided injury was observed in 29 patients (61.7%), left sided injury in 16 patients (34.0%) while bilateral injuries were seen in 2 patients (4.3%). Regarding site of injury proximal ureteric injuries were the most common accounting for 32 patients (68.1%). Intraoperative diagnosis was the most common time for diagnosis seen in 30 patients (63.8%). The endoscopic urological surgeries were the most common cause of urological iatrogenic ureteric injury accounts for 71.4% of cases. Open upper tract surgeries were responsible for 8 cases (14.2%). One patient sustained proximal ureteric injury during retro-peritoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). Laparoscopic urological surgeries were responsible for four cases of injury. One patient developed ureteric avulsion. 13 patients presented with late Ureteric stricture. We have five nephrectomies while three patients needed permanent nephrostomies. Our success rate was 83%. Conclusions: Endo-urological   procedures are the commonest causes of ureteric injuries in our study. Prompt diagnosis and early corrective intervention can result in satisfactory outcome in about 83% of cases.
Comparing the attitudes and knowledge of psychiatric residents about psychotherapy before and after the psychotherapy rotation
Authors: Ali Nazeri astaneh  , Neda Ali Beigi  , Farzad Nassirifar
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The evidence show that the attitudes to any specialty can be improved as a result of a skillful and interested presentation and negative attitudes toward psychiatry can be the particular target in clinical and non-clinical courses [1]. The present study aimed to compare the attitudes and knowledge of psychiatric residents about psychotherapy before and after the psychotherapy rotation. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive research using causal-comparative method. The population consisted of all psychiatric residents in the universities of Tehran in 2018-2019. The study was a census and all residents were asked to participate if they were willing to. From different universities of medical sciences including Iran, Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 27, 24, 25, and 41 subjects were included in the study, respectively. The total number of subjects was 117. The researcher-made questionnaire was used for three groups of residents to assess their psychiatric attitudes and knowledge: the residents who passed the theoretical and practical psychotherapy courses, the residents who have not yet passed the psychotherapy course, and those who were passing the theoretical course. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for internal consistency of attitude and knowledge were 0.953 and 0.985, respectively. Findings: one-way variance analysis test was used to analyze the variables. According to the results of this test, there was a significant difference among the psychiatric residents in terms of knowledge and attitude (p<0.01). Moreover, regarding the means obtained for each group, it can be said that the residents who passed the theoretical and practical courses of psychotherapy had higher mean in attitude and knowledge than the other two groups; the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: in any educational relationship, the attitudes of educators and learners play a key role in effectiveness and success. The psychotherapy course can change the negative stereotypes about psychiatry in psychiatrists and provide an important opportunity to change their negative attitudes.
O Movimento do Direito livre e a possibilidade do julgamento contra legem
Authors: Maia Raquel Passos , Maia Aline Passos
Published: December 2020

O Movimento do Direito Livre, iniciado ao final do século XIX, foi uma reação às correntes positivistas legalistas levadas ao exagero. Desta feita, esse movimento denunciava a existência de um direito independente da origem estatal, chamado de Direito Livre, bem como a falibilidade da lei como fonte única de direito. Um de seus mais famosos adeptos foi Hermnann Kantorowicz que, dentre outras ideias, defendia a possibilidade de julgamentos contra legem, a saber, defendia que em determinadas situações os magistrados podiam se distanciar do disposto na lei escrita. Assim, partindo de um caso ocorrido no ordenamento brasileiro, onde o Supremo Tribunal Federal decidiu pela não aplicação das regras dispostas na Constituição Federal acerca do veto presidencial, e tomando como base os estudos de Kantorowicz e a doutrina do Direito Livre, pretende-se aqui analisar qual a possibilidade e a fundamentação de decisões judiciais se distanciarem de leis claras e unívocas tendo como fundamento a escolha critérios interpretativos de cariz consequencialista.
RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN, IN-DEPTH STUDY ON PAKISTANI POPULATION
Authors: AISDL
Published: December 2020

RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN, IN-DEPTH STUDY ON PAKISTANI POPULATION. PJR DEC2020; 30(4):240-245.
The Law of Conservation of Time and Its Applications
Authors: Son Ninh Khac
Published: December 2020

Time is a complex category not only in philosophy but also in mathematics and physics. In one thought about time, the author accidentally discovered a new way to explain and solve problems related to time dilation, such as solving the problem of Muon particle when moving from a height of 10 km to the earth’s surface, while the Muon’s lifespan is only 2.2 microseconds, or explaining Michelson-Morley experiment using the new method. In addition, the author also prove that the speed of light in vacuum is the maximum speed in the universe, and discovered the red shift effect while there is no increase in distance between objects. To do this, the author has built two axioms based on the discontinuity in the motion of the object and draw two consequences along with the law of conservation of time.
Long-distance Texting: Text Messaging Predicts Relationship Satisfaction in Long-distance Relationships
Authors: Holtzman Susan , Kushlev Kostadin , Wozny Alisha , Godard Rebecca
Published: December 2020

Thanks to the widespread use of smartphones, romantic couples can connect with their partners from virtually anywhere, at any time. Remote communication may be particularly important to long-distance relationships (LDRs), compared to geographically close relationships (GCRs). The goals of the current research were to examine differences between LDRs and GCRs in (1) the patterns of remote communication (video calls, voice calls, and texting), and (2) how frequency and responsiveness of remote communication are related to relationship satisfaction. Data were drawn from an online survey of emerging adults (n = 647) who were in a relationship or dating someone (36.5% were in an LDR). Participants in LDRs engaged in more frequent video calling, voice calling, and texting, compared to those in GCRs. LDR participants also perceived their partners to be more responsive during video and voice calls, compared to GCR participants. More frequent and responsive texting predicted significantly greater relationship satisfaction among participants in LDRs, but not GCRs. Meanwhile, frequency of voice calls was associated with greater relationship satisfaction in GCRs, but not in LDRs. The use of video calls was not related to relationship satisfaction in either group. Overall, study findings add to a sparse literature on remote communication in romantic couples and suggest a uniquely positive role of texting within LDRs. Further research is needed to examine the ways in which LDR and GCR couples can best capitalize on different forms of remote technology to maintain their relationships during periods of separation.
Sixty Years of Gender Representation in Children’s Books: Conditions Associated with Overrepresentation of Male versus Female Protagonists
Authors: Casey Kennedy , Novick Kylee , Lourenco Stella F.
Published: December 2020

As a reflection of prominent cultural norms, children’s literature plays an integral role in the acquisition and development of societal attitudes. Previous reports of male overrepresentation in books targeted towards children are consistent with a history of gender disparity across media and society. However, it is unknown whether such bias has been attenuated in recent years with increasing emphasis on gender equity and greater accessibility of books. Here, we provide an up-to-date estimate of the relative proportion of males and females featured as single protagonists in 3,280 children’s books (0-16 years) published between 1960-2020. We find that although the proportion of female protagonists has increased over this 60-year period, male protagonists remain overrepresented even in recent years. Importantly, we also find persistent effects related to author gender, age of the target audience, character type (human vs. non-human), and book genre (fiction vs. non-fiction) on the male-to-female ratio of protagonists. We suggest that this comprehensive account of the factors influencing the rates of appearance of male and female protagonists can be leveraged to develop specific recommendations for promoting more equitable gender representation in children’s literature, with important consequences for child development and society.
Arthroscopic Management of Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Hip: A Case Report
Authors: S Paul Ashok , El-Omar Omar , Shah Sanat , S Paul Ashok
Published: December 2020

Background: Pigmented villonodular synovitis, particularly of the hip joint, has been historically treated
via open synovectomy. However, an arthroscopic approach to management has been trailed successfully in
recent years and has demonstrated encouraging outcomes.
Case Presentation: We report the case of a 17-year-old man with pigmented villonodular synovitis of the
right hip who underwent arthroscopic treatment. He remains well 5 years later with no signs of recurrence.
We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of arthroscopically managed pigmented villonodular synovitis
as well as the recent literature surrounding this topic. We also explain a technical tip during hip arthroscopy
to access these difficult lesions.
Conclusion: Arthroscopy can be used for hip pigmented villonodular synovitis treatment. These lesions
may also be accessed by extending the hip to 10 degrees and releasing the traction. There is evidence to
suggest that arthroscopically managed pigmented villonodular synovitis carries better outcomes and lower
morbidity rates compared to an open approach in suitable cases.
Eklektisisme Hukum Perikatan Nasional (Potensi, Kelemahan, Peluang, dan Ancaman Implikasinya bagi Dinamika Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia)
Authors: Mahmudah Nurul , Putra Muhammad Yusuf
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the existence of a sharia system in banking that collaborates with the conventional banking system that has long been implemented in Indonesia. In this collaboration, it is believed that it will create positive and negative effects on the regulatory side or its rationalization for the dynamics of Islamic Economics in Indonesia. This paper uses library research with a qualitative approach with a descriptive nature that tends to use analysis. In this approach, the subject's perspective is emphasized, namely the process and meaning of the research carried out. The results of this paper are that the legal eclecticism of national engagement here has potential advantages, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the sharia system and conventional systems in banking itself. In the positive side, there are regulations and ease of access to favorable bank itself, while the negative can be seen from the decline in public confidence in the system of sharia in banking due to the mixing of the system both the system then the conventional banking and sharia considered only different in name only.
Lessons on creating 3d models in SketchUp
Authors: Asanbekova G. K.
Published: December 2020

The article presents a fragment of a tutorial created to study the theme "3D modeling" based on the implementation of practical works in the editor of 3D graphics SketchUp. It is proposed to master this theme during one quarter — seven lessons, one hour a week (not counting the introductory and final lessons). Lessons include 11 practical works on modelling, from 2D model creation to 3D animation. As part of the study of the theme, students are offered problem situations taken from real life, to solve which the capabilities of SketchUp can be used. Additional resources that teachers and students can use to learn more about SketchUp are described. Also, as an alternative to using SketchUp, working in the online 3D editor Tinkercad is considered.
The critical role of advanced sustainability assessment tools in enhancing the real-world application of biofuels
Authors: Tabatabaei Meisam , Aghbashlo Mortaza
Published: December 2020

Sustainability has become of paramount importance in the biofuel industry. Accordingly, various ‎sustainability assessment schemes such as emergy analysis, techno-economic analysis, life ‎cycle ‎assessment, energy accounting, and exergy analysis and its extensions (exergoeconomic, ‎exergoenvironmental, and ‎exergoeconoenvironmental analyses) are being employed increasingly for decision-‎making on biofuel production and consumption systems. In this opinion paper, after classifying ‎and describing biofuel generations, the developed sustainability assessment tools are critically ‎explained, and their pros and cons are discussed. Overall, among the various sustainability assessment approaches introduced so far, exergy-based methods appear to be ‎the most promising tools for developing ‎sustainable biofuel systems. This can be attributed to the fact that the exergy ‎concept is deeply ‎rooted in the well-defined principles of thermodynamics.‎
Avaliação do grau de concordância do Protocolo Estadual de Classificação de Risco no Estado da Bahia -Brasil
Authors: Valle Guido Santana do , Farias Mariane Teixeira Dantas , Menezes Marta Silva , Souza Simone Santos , Almeida Igor Ferreira Borba de , Almeida Deybson Borba de , Santos Jeferson Gomes dos , Souza Miriele Santos de
Published: December 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a concordância entre os graus de risco atribuídos na classificação realizada pelos enfermeiros, em relação ao protocolo e entre os classificadores. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, realizado com aplicação de onze casos clínicos a trinta enfermeiros de uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento, baseados no Protocolo Estadual de Classificação de Risco-BA. Os resultados demonstraram concordância moderada, entre classificadores e o protocolo, conforme o coeficiente Kappa. A concordância entre classificadores também foi moderada, de acordo com a densidade colorimétrica. O estudo constatou a importância de se avaliar a segurança dos protocolos de classificação de risco e apontou para necessidade de aprofundamento da temática em questão nas escolas de formação em saúde no Brasil, além de treinamentos adequados aos profissionais para assegurar a qualidade da atenção.
Espectroscopia por ressonância magnética no diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Souza Karolayne Silva , Miranda Flávia Steffany Leite , Silva Milena Roberta Freire da , Leite Kaleen Massari , Silva Jaqueline dos Santos , Silva Renata Pereira Lima da , Oliveira Maria Betânia Melo de , Brito Leandro Paes de , Silva Rodrigo Reges dos Santos , Santos Milena Danda Vasconcelos , Lima Felicson Leonardo Oliveira , Santos Graziele dos , Silva Diego Canuto Bispo da , Barros Everton Philipe da Silva
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma patologia neurodegenerativa progressiva e irreversível que acarreta perda de memória e diversos distúrbios cognitivos, como o comprometimento da memória, dificuldade de linguagem e mudanças comportamentais. Essa patologia aparece com maior prevalência em indivíduos com idade mais avançada (+65 anos). Em razão das características da DA e de seus diversos métodos complementares para diagnóstico, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética para diagnóstico desta patologia. Metodologia: Este trabalho refere-se a uma pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa do tipo exploratória. No qual, foram realizadas buscas em bases nacionais e internacionais, Medline, Scientific Eletronic Library On-line (SCIELO), Scholar Google (Google Acadêmico), Pubmed e Biblioteca virtual de saúde (Bvs), considerarando-se elegíveis os estudos nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa. Resultados: A DA atinge principalmente pessoas com mais de 60 anos, aumentando a probabilidade com o envelhecimento dos indivíduos, visto que suas manifestações ocorrem por degradação cognitiva e da memória, configurando, portanto, em uma patologia neurodegenerativa O diagnóstico da DA é preestabelecido junto à exclusão de outras possíveis causas para a demência. Essa exclusão é realizada por meio de exames clínicos, laboratoriais e neuroimagem cerebral. Conclusion: A técnica de neuroimagem por espectroscopia de prótons na ressonância magnética demonstra especificidade na quantificação dos metabólitos de N-acetilaspartato (NAA), Mio-inositol (MI), colina (Cho), Cho e Creatina (Cr) na DA, sendo uma alternativa viável para o estudo in vivo do paciente, uma vez que não representa uma análise invasiva.
A dimensão gestão na teoria das organizações
Authors: Lima Lia Chagas de , Pereira Nathália de Sousa , Evaristo Jorge Luiz de Souza , Batista -dos-Santos Ana Cristina
Published: December 2020

O início do século XIX foi marcado por muitas transformações sociais, econômicas e culturais nas organizações. Um elemento de forte influência na sobrevivência das empresas desde aquela época foi a gestão. Dentro dos estudos organizacionais vários estudiosos buscaram formas de aprimorar a maneira de gerir. A partir das mudanças do contexto histórico mundial no qual a dimensão gestão foi transformada, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a evolução da maneira que a gestão se caracteriza nos estudos organizacionais. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e qualitativa foi possível reunir fontes para fazer uma análise e compreender as transformações da gestão na teoria das organizações. Os resultados mostraram que as abordagens de gestão, ao longo das décadas, apresentam convergências e divergências entre si. Analisar as mudanças desde a forma de comunicação quanto a flexibilidade na tomada de decisões, possibilitou concluir que o conhecimento e a aprendizagem dos gestores foram fundamentais na evolução do gerenciamento frente ao dinamismo e as incertezas do ambiente organizacional. Ao observar como as práticas de gestão se remodelaram e ganharam novos enfoques através das teorias das organizações, espera-se que novas abordagens e teorias venham a surgir para modificar a forma de gerir as organizações contemporâneas.
Diferentes tempos de pré-limpeza e tipos de embalagens na conservação de pimenta-de-cheiro (Capsicum chinense Jacq)
Authors: Tanaka André Hideyoshi Afonso , Mera Willian Yuki Watanabe de Lima , Silva Aline Oliveira da , Silva Alasse Oliveira da , Silva Diocléa Almeida Seabra , Viégas Ismael de Jesus Matos
Published: December 2020

Com a importância que a pimenta tem na região do Nordeste paraense observou-se a necessidade de estudar melhorias na forma de armazenamento dos frutos da pimenta-de-cheiro (Capsicum chinense Jacq). Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar qual tempo de pré-limpeza dos frutos, com solução de hipoclorito dissolvido em água, tem melhor ação higienizadora para aumentar a durabilidade de armazenamento, bem como avaliar qual a embalagem, dentre as escolhidas, tem melhor resposta na hora de armazenar e conserva melhor as qualidades organolépticas dos frutos das mesmas. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, um arranjo fatorial 2x6x2, sendo duas cultivares, seis tempos de imersão (0 (testemunha), 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 minutos) em solução de hipoclorito a 2% e duas formas de embalagens (bandejas cobertas com filme PVC e sacos de polietileno). O armazenamento se deu em ambiente com temperatura de 20°C ± 2ºC e umidade relativa de 60% ± 5%, por 20 dias. Os resultados foram padronizados e submetidos à análise de variância a 5% e teste de médias pelo método de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, utilizando-se o Software IBM SPSS. Observou-se que uma imersão acima de 10 minutos garante melhor sanidade dos frutos e que as bandejas revestidas com filme PVC oferece melhor condição para os frutos de C. chinense, apesar de sofrerem maior perda de peso, mas conservam melhor as qualidades organolépticas, e não houve diferença expressiva comparando as duas variedades de pimentas, contudo as de coloração amarela apresentaram menor perda de peso.
Comparison of Expectations and Perceptions of Resident European Union (EU) Citizens about Hospital Service Quality in Their Home Countries and Turkey
Authors: YILDIRIM Yavuz , KAVUNCUBASI Sahin
Published: December 2020

The aim of this research is to reveal the assessment of EU (European Union) citizens residing in Alanya regarding the quality of hospital services in both their own countries and Alanya. The study was carried out face-to-face with a survey method with 295 resident EU (European Union) citizens between June and August 2018 in Alanya. The analysis was done with the SPSS 22.0 package program. 229 (76.60%) of the participants are women and 66 (22.40%) are men, 159 (54%) are German citizens and 30 (10.22%) are British citizens. Expectations of EU citizens regarding hospital service quality are empathy, reliability and assurance, particularly physical assets and accountability. It was found that quality expectations of EU citizens were met in terms of accountability and reliability, whereas expectations related to other dimensions were not satisfied. The overall perception levels of EU citizens regarding hospitals in their own countries are higher than the overall levels of perception of hospitals in Alanya. For this, Hospital managers in Alanya need to pay particular attention to assurance, physical assets and empathy dimensions for better quality health service delivery.
Asymmetry in the Qy Fluorescence and Absorption Spectra of Chlorophyll a Pertaining to Exciton Dynamics
Authors: Reimers Jeffrey R. , Rätsep Margus , Freiberg Arvi
Published: December 2020

Significant asymmetry found between the high-resolutionQyemission and absorption spectra of chlorophyll-a is herein explained, providing basic information needed to understand photosynthetic exciton transport and photochemical reactions. TheQyspectral asymmetry in chlorophyll has previously been masked by interference in absorption from the nearbyQxtransition, but this effect has recently been removed using extensive quantum spectral simulations or else by analytical inversion of absorption and magnetic circular dichroism data, allowing high-resolution absorption information to be accurately determined from fluorescence-excitation spectra. To compliment this, here, we measure and thoroughly analyze the high-resolution differential fluorescence line narrowing spectra of chlorophyll-a in trimethylamine and in 1-propanol. The results show that vibrational frequencies often change little between absorption and emission, yet large changes in line intensities are found, this effect also being strongly solvent dependent. Among other effects, the analysis in terms of four basic patterns of Duschinsky-rotation matrix elements, obtained using CAM-B3LYP calculations, predicts that a chlorophyll-a molecule excited into a specific vibrational level, may, without phase loss or energy relaxation, reemit the light over a spectral bandwidth exceeding 1,000 cm−1(0.13 eV) to influence exciton-transport dynamics.
The Possession of Coccoliths Fails to Deter Microzooplankton Grazers
Authors: Mayers Kyle M. J. , Poulton Alex J. , Bidle Kay , Thamatrakoln Kimberlee , Schieler Brittany , Giering Sarah L. C. , Wells Seona R. , Tarran Glen A. , Mayor Dan , Johnson Matthew , Riebesell Ulf , Larsen Aud , Vardi Assaf , Harvey Elizabeth L.
Published: December 2020

Phytoplankton play a central role in the regulation of global carbon and nutrient cycles, forming the basis of the marine food webs. A group of biogeochemically important phytoplankton, the coccolithophores, produce calcium carbonate scales that have been hypothesized to deter or reduce grazing by microzooplankton. Here, a meta-analysis of mesocosm-based experiments demonstrates that calcification of the cosmopolitan coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, fails to deter microzooplankton grazing. The median grazing to growth ratio for E. huxleyi (0.56 ± 0.40) was not significantly different among non-calcified nano- or picoeukaryotes (0.71 ± 0.31 and 0.55 ± 0.34, respectively). Additionally, the environmental concentration of E. huxleyi did not drive preferential grazing of non-calcified groups. These results strongly suggest that the possession of coccoliths does not provide E. huxleyi effective protection from microzooplankton grazing. Such indiscriminate consumption has implications for the dissolution and fate of CaCO3 in the ocean, and the evolution of coccoliths.
Using the Technology Acceptance Model to Identify Factors That Predict Likelihood to Adopt Tele-Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Klaic Marlena , Galea Mary P.
Published: December 2020

Tele-neurorehabilitation has the potential to reduce accessibility barriers and enhance patient outcomes through a more seamless continuum of care. A growing number of studies have found that tele-neurorehabilitation produces equivalent results to usual care for a variety of outcomes including activities of daily living and health related quality of life. Despite the potential of tele-neurorehabilitation, this model of care has failed to achieve mainstream adoption. Little is known about feasibility and acceptability of tele-neurorehabilitation and most published studies do not use a validated model to guide and evaluate implementation. The technology acceptance model (TAM) was developed 20 years ago and is one of the most widely used theoretical frameworks for predicting an individual's likelihood to adopt and use new technology. The TAM3 further built on the original model by incorporating additional elements from human decision making such as computer anxiety. In this perspective, we utilize the TAM3 to systematically map the findings from existing published studies, in order to explore the determinants of adoption of tele-neurorehabilitation by both stroke survivors and prescribing clinicians. We present evidence suggesting that computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety are significant predictors of an individual's likelihood to use tele-neurorehabilitation. Understanding what factors support or hinder uptake of tele-neurorehabilitation can assist in translatability and sustainable adoption of this technology. If we are to shift tele-neurorehabilitation from the research domain to become a mainstream health sector activity, key stakeholders must address the barriers that have consistently hindered adoption.
Predictive and Incremental Validity of Parental Representations During Pregnancy on Child Attachment
Authors: Tambelli Renata , Trentini Cristina , Dentale Francesco
Published: December 2020

Parental pre-natal representations predict the interactive patterns that parents will put in place after childbirth. Early interactions defined by high parental emotional availability (EA) influence the development of security in children. To date, research on the predictive role of parental pre-natal representations on child attachment is still poor. Moreover, investigations on pre-natal representations have mainly focused on mothers. This study aimed at: investigating the criterion validity of the Interview of Maternal Representations During Pregnancy-Revised (IRMAG-R) and of the Interview of Paternal Representations During Pregnancy (IRPAG), using EA, parental attachment, and child attachment toward both parents, as criteria; testing the incremental validity of the IRMAG-R and IRPAG in the prediction of child attachment, controlling for other covariates, such as depressive and anxious levels during pregnancy, EA, and parental attachment; evaluating the possible mediation role of EA on the relationship between parental representations during pregnancy and child attachment. Fifty couples of primiparous parents were recruited during pregnancy, when the IRMAG-R and IRPAG were administered to mothers and fathers. At 6–9 months after childbirth, the mother–child and father–child interactions were coded by means of the EA Scales (EAS). At 14–18 after childbirth, the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was administered to parents, and the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) was carried out to assess children's attachment toward mothers and fathers, respectively. The results showed significant correlations between parental pre-natal representations and EA, parental attachment and child attachment. As regards the prediction of child attachment, the IRMAG-R/IRPAG categories showed: a significant and large unique contribution for maternal representations; a close to be significant contribution for paternal representations (with a higher effect size for mothers than fathers). Moreover, while the indirect effect of pre-natal representations in the prediction of child attachment was not significant for mothers, it was instead significant for fathers. The results of this study confirmed the criterion validity of the IRMAG-R and IRPAG, and supported the incremental validity of the IRMAG-R and IRPAG in the prediction of children's attachment categories. Finally, the mediation models revealed that EA did not mediate the relationship between maternal pre-natal representations and child attachment, while it totally mediated the relationship between paternal pre-natal representations and child attachment.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Duck Embryo Fibroblasts Infected With Novel Duck Reovirus
Authors: Yang Yudong , Li Lin , Liu Xingpo , Jiang Meijie , Zhao Jun , Li Xuesong , Zhao Cui , Yi Hui , Liu Sidang , Li Ning
Published: December 2020

The novel duck reovirus (NDRV) can cause hemorrhage and necrosis on the spleen of Pekin ducks; this disease has resulted in great economic losses to the duck industry. However, the molecular pathogenesis of NDRV remains poorly understood. In the current study, the quantitative proteomic analysis of NDRV-infected duck embryo fibroblasts was performed to explore the cellular protein changes in response to viral infection through iTRAQ coupled with the liquid chromatography (LC)–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method. A total of 6,137 proteins were obtained in cell samples at 24 h post-infection. Of these, 179 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified (cutoff set to 1.5-fold change), including 89 upregulated and 90 downregulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that DEPs can be divided into the cellular component, molecular function, and biological process; they were mainly involved in signal transduction, infectious diseases, cell growth and death, and the immune system. The subcellular localization of most proteins was in the cytoplasm. Importantly, the expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and various interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were upregulated after NDRV infection. The mRNA transcripts of some ISGs were consistent with proteomic data, showing an increased trend. Results of our study suggested that NDRV infection can elicit strong expression changes of cellular proteins and activate the expression of ISGs from the point of quantitative proteomic analysis. The study provides a new insight into the understanding of NDRV pathogenesis.
“Which Factors Affect Pregnancy Until Calving and Pregnancy Loss in Buffalo Recipients of in vitro Produced Embryos?”
Authors: Saliba Wilson Pardini , Gimenes Lindsay Unno , Drumond Roberti Martins , Bayão Henrique Xavier Salgado , Di Palo Rossella , Gasparrini Bianca , Rubessa Marcello , Baruselli Pietro Sampaio , Sales José Nélio Souza , Bastianetto Eduardo , Leite Rômulo Cerqueira , Alvim Mucio Túlio Teixeira
Published: December 2020

In vitro embryo production and embryo transfer (ET) in buffaloes has been developed for decades. However, most studies are focused on the donor or laboratory improvements, and there is a lack of reports regarding the recipients. Therefore, our aim was to investigate factors associated to pregnancy (P/ET), pregnancy loss (PL), and calving rates in buffalo recipients. The studied factors were season, recipient parity, the synchronization protocol, the CL diameter, asynchrony between the embryo and the recipient, the day of the recipient estrous cycle, the embryo (fresh vs. vitrified), the day of embryo development, and the embryo stage. These retrospective data, from a program of in vitro produced embryos, were analyzed by logistic regression, and the odds ratio was also estimated. Two factors were related to P/ET and the calving rate: (1) progesterone associated to estradiol plus eCG protocol for fixed time ET tended to affect positively P/ET on day 30 (41.9 vs. 36.1%, respectively; P = 0.07; AOR = 1.28) and P/ET on day 60 (37.8 vs. 36.1%, respectively; P = 0.09; AOR = 1.08) compared to the Ovsynch protocol; and (2) the CL diameter (≥14.5 mm) at transfer increased P/ET on day 30 (47.4 vs. 32.5%; P < 0.01; AOR = 1.87) and on day 60 (45.3 vs. 27.7%; P < 0.01; AOR = 2.16), and also the calving rate (37.9 vs. 21.7%; P < 0.01; AOR = 2.20). PL was greater when ET was done in the nonbreeding season compared to the breeding season (PL 30–60: 12.8 vs. 0.0%, P = 0.01; AOR > 999.99; PL 60-calving: 26.8 vs. 3.6%, P = 0.03; AOR = 9.90; and PL 30-calving: 36.2 vs. 3.6%, P = 0.01; AOR = 15.30). In conclusion, the data of our study indicated that the synchronization protocol, the CL diameter, and ET during the breeding season impacted the reproductive efficiency of buffalo recipients.
How Well Can Persistent Contrails Be Predicted?
Authors: Gierens Klaus , Matthes Sigrun , Rohs Susanne
Published: December 2020

Persistent contrails and contrail cirrus are responsible for a large part of aviation induced radiative forcing. A considerable fraction of their warming effect could be eliminated by diverting only a quite small fraction of flight paths, namely those that produce the highest individual radiative forcing (iRF). In order to make this a viable mitigation strategy it is necessary that aviation weather forecast is able to predict (i) when and where contrails are formed, (ii) which of these are persistent, and (iii) how large the iRF of those contrails would be. Here we study several data bases together with weather data in order to see whether such a forecast would currently be possible. It turns out that the formation of contrails can be predicted with some success, but there are problems to predict contrail persistence. The underlying reason for this is that while the temperature field is quite good in weather prediction and climate simulations with specified dynamics, this is not so for the relative humidity in general and for ice supersaturation in particular. However we find that the weather model shows the dynamical peculiarities that are expected for ice supersaturated regions where strong contrails are indeed found in satellite data. This justifies some hope that the prediction of strong contrails may be possible via general regression involving the dynamical state of the ambient atmosphere.
Tale(s) of a Forest—Re-Creation of a Primeval Forest in Three Environmental Narratives
Authors: Hiltunen Kaisa , Björklund Heidi , Nurmesjärvi Aino , Purhonen Jenna , Rainio Minna , Sääskilahti Nina , Vallius Antti
Published: December 2020

We analyze three environmentally conscious works that are concerned with the state of Finnish forests: the documentary film Metsän tarina/Tale of a Forest (2012), the book with the same name (2013) and the series of short documentaries Tarinoita metsästä/Tales from the Forest (2013). By combining methods from arts research and ecology, we ask how the narratives adapt material from nature photography. The film and book present mythic stories and old Finnish beliefs about forests. They also contain references to cultural memory. Additionally, the biodiversity on display reflects a conventional practice to exhibit large or charismatic species. However, the ecological message remains only implicit, expressed through aesthetic choices rather than information about natural processes. Overall, we suggest that adaptation in these narratives can be understood as an artistic process of recycling and referencing and as a way to reconnect with cultural memory and nature. As such, it can enhance relationships with nature and awareness of conservation needs. However, we ask whether the past-oriented strategy is a politically effective way to activate a connection with nature in modern Finland, where discussions about environmental problems are closely connected to heated debates about forestry.