bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of caring work environment model on nurses’ burnout in general hospitals
Authors: Rusca Putra Kuswantoro , Sutadi Heriandi , Setyowati Setyowati , Hayati Rr. Tutik Sri
Published: August 2021

Nurses belong to a profession that carries a high risk of burnout. This condition will have an impact on the performance and quality of nursing services. Efforts should be made to minimize burnout for nurses. Management of the nurses' work environment is one that should be done by the nurse manager. This study aimed to identify the effect of the implementation of a caring work environment by the head of the care unit on nurse burnout. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre- and post-test with control group approach. Respondent of this study was 170 nurses who were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group consisted of nurses within the Caring Work Environment Model as applied by the head of the units. The control group included nurses working in the environment commonly applied in accordance with hospital policies in the inpatient unit. Burnout measurements on nurses applied preand post- intervention. Data analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney
test. This research showed a decrease in emotional fatigue and depersonalization scores, and an increase in nurse personal accomplishment, (p<0.001) after the implementation of the nurse's caring work environment model by the head of care unit in the intervention group. Within the control group, only personal accomplishment showed increased scores, (p=0.034). Reduction in burnout symptoms in nurses can be facilitated through the implementation of a caring work environment by the head of the care unit.
The spirituality and spiritual care of clinical nurses in Indonesia
Authors: Sinaga Rosnancy Renolita , Muntu Donald Loffie , Simbolon Sedia , Susanty Sri
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate associated factors of spirituality and spiritual care in clinical nurses in Indonesia. Cross-sectional descriptive and correlational research designs were used in this study. Purposive sampling was applied among 204 participants in private hospitals, Medan and Bandung, Indonesia. The questionnaires consisted of demographic and characteristics information and the spirituality and spiritual care rating scale (SSCRS). Mann Whitney test was used to investigate associated factors of spirituality and spiritual care in clinical nurses in Indonesia. This study found that there was statistically significant between department with spirituality (p=0.017), receiving spiritual care lessons during nurse training with spiritual care (p=0.032), and receiving spiritual care lessons during nurse training (p=0.013) and educational background with nurses’ perception of spirituality and spiritual care (p=0.040). Receiving spiritual care lessons during nurse training, and educational background were statistically significant with spirituality and spiritual care in clinical nurses in Indonesia. The findings of this study provide information for clinical nurses and generally of nurses to understand the perception of spirituality and spiritual care in hospital for care patient in a hospital in Indonesia. It is also suggested that appropriate strategies to improve knowledge and perception of spirituality and spiritual care should be developed shortly.
Effectiveness of maternity waiting homes in increasing utilization of facility-based delivery: A systematic review
Authors: Secka Absa , Handayani Samsriyaningsih
Published: August 2021

To reduce the second delay contributing to maternal mortality, maternity waiting homes have been recommended for implementation especially in remote areas to help improve access to facility-based skilled delivery. Evidence of its effectiveness, however, is limited. This systematic review, therefore, aims to assess the effectiveness of the Maternity waiting home strategy in increasing utilization of facility delivery. Search for relevant articles was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Ebscohost, and Science Direct from database inception to March 30, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the articles and assessed the quality of the studies. The identified maternity waiting home interventions and their effectiveness in improving facility-based delivery uptake were narratively synthesized and reported following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis reporting guidelines. The search yielded 670 articles of which five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The three of five studies revealed that there is a significant association between Maternity waiting home use and utilization of facility-based delivery. The quality of the Maternity waiting homes significantly improved facility-based delivery uptake. Maternity Waiting Homes appear to be promising in decreasing barriers to skilled delivery attendance however the quality of evidence is low. More interventional studies of robust design are needed to clearly demonstrate its effectiveness.
O narrador recusado por Saramago
Authors: Leite Jr José
Published: August 2021

Este artigo foi motivado por duas declarações do escritor português José Saramago, nas quais ele rejeita a existência de um narrador não identificado com o autor. Saramago aparentemente coloca em dúvida as teorias da enunciação, que são enfáticas em separar o autor como pessoa da figura do narrador, que só teria sentido nos limites do texto. Haveria, assim, uma confusão entre o que tem natureza ontológica e o que tem natureza linguística. No entanto, um exame dessas declarações à luz de categorias semiótico-discursivas greimasianas permite inferir que ele considera a atividade do autor como um trabalho artístico. Como marxista, Saramago defende a singularidade do trabalho artístico e não admite sua cisão ou alienação. Essa negação do narrador não é um fato isolado no posicionamento crítico de Saramago, mas faz parte da estratégia discursiva por ele adotada. Baseado na ideia de que a negação é essencialmente revolucionária, ele contesta o automatismo do discurso burguês. Para tanto, ele recria no texto ficcional situações homólogas à da história, marcadas pela imprevisibilidade, já que os fatos, ficcionais ou não, não se explicam a si mesmos, mas são resultado de uma complexa correlação de forças postas em jogo no cenário social.
Inhibition of HDACs (Histone Deacetylases) Ameliorates High-Fat Diet–Induced Hypertension Through Restoration of the MsrA (Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A)/Hydrogen Sulfide Axis
Authors: Jung Jin Ki , Yoon Ga-Eun , Jang GiBong , Park Kwon Moo , Kim InKyeom , Kim Jee In
Published: August 2021

Hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) is an endogenous gaseous antioxidant and antihypertensive molecule produced during the homocysteine metabolism. MsrA (methionine sulfoxide reductase A) enables the metabolism of homocysteine by reducing methionine sulfoxide to methionine. Although HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibition has been reported to show blood pressure lowering effects, their effects on endogenous H
2
S production are largely unknown. Here, we assessed the relevance of MsrA in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hypertension and the effect of HDAC inhibition on MsrA expression, H
2
S production, and hypertension. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet or HFD. HFD increased blood pressure and activities of HDAC3 and 6 but downregulated MsrA in the mesenteric arteries and the serum H
2
S level. HFD upregulated 4 hydroxynonenal, TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, and IL (interleukin)-6, and vasocontractile proteins. The histone H3 acetylation of the
MsrA
promoter was decreased by HFD. In hypertensive HFD-fed mice, administration of the HDAC inhibitor CG200745 lowered blood pressure and increased serum H
2
S level. CG200745 increased acetylation of histone H3 and MsrA levels in the mesenteric arteries while downregulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and vasocontractile proteins. Silencing of
MsrA
in the vascular smooth muscle cells recapitulated HFD-induced in vivo hypertensive effects. CG200745 increased the histone H3 acetylation of the
MsrA
promoter, MsrA expression, and H
2
S production in vascular smooth muscle cells, supporting the in vivo results. Collectively, HFD-induced downregulation of MsrA plays a pivotal role in HFD-induced hypertension by reducing H
2
S levels. MsrA expression is epigenetically regulated by HDAC inhibitors, providing HDAC inhibitors as a therapeutic option and MsrA and H
2
S as novel therapeutic targets.

Graphic Abstract:

An online
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Additive Value of Preprocedural Computed Tomography Planning Versus Stand‐Alone Transesophageal Echocardiogram Guidance to Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: Comparison of Real‐World Practice
Authors: So Chak‐yu , Kang Guson , Villablanca Pedro A. , Ignatius Abel , Asghar Saleha , Dhillon Dilshan , Lee James C. , Khan Arfaat , Singh Gurjit , Frisoli Tiberio M. , O’Neill Brian P. , Eng Marvin H. , Song Thomas , Pantelic Milan , O’Neill William W. , Wang Dee Dee
Published: August 2021

Background

Transesophageal echocardiogram is currently the standard preprocedural imaging for left atrial appendage occlusion. This study aimed to assess the additive value of preprocedural computed tomography (CT) planning versus stand‐alone transesophageal echocardiogram imaging guidance to left atrial appendage occlusion.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively reviewed 485 Watchman implantations at a single center to compare the outcomes of using additional CT preprocedural planning (n=328, 67.6%) versus stand‐alone transesophageal echocardiogram guidance (n=157, 32.4%) for left atrial appendage occlusion. The primary end point was the rate of successful device implantation without major peri‐device leak (>5 mm). Secondary end points included major adverse events, total procedural time, delivery sheath and devices used, risk of major peri‐device leak and device‐related thrombus at follow‐up imaging. A single/anterior‐curve delivery sheath was used more commonly in those who underwent CT imaging (35.9% versus 18.8%;
P
<0.001). Additional preprocedural CT planning was associated with a significantly higher successful device implantation rate (98.5% versus 94.9%;
P
=0.02), a shorter procedural time (median, 45.5 minutes versus 51.0 minutes;
P
=0.03) and a less frequent change of device size (5.6% versus 12.1%;
P
=0.01), particularly device upsize (4% versus 9.4%;
P
=0.02). However, there was no significant difference in the risk of major adverse events (2.1% versus 1.9%;
P
=0.87). Only 1 significant peri‐device leak (0.2%) and 5 device‐related thrombi were detected in follow‐up (1.2%) with no intergroup difference.

Conclusions

Additional preprocedural planning using CT in Watchman implantation was associated with a higher successful device implantation rate, a shorter total procedural time, and a less frequent change of device sizes.
The genus Tuponia Reuter, 1875 in Romania, with two new synonymies (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: CARAPEZZA ATTILIO , RĂDAC IOAN ALEXANDRU
Published: August 2021

Based on recently collected material and on type specimens deposited in the collections of Muzeul de Istorie Naturală “Grigore Antipa”, Bucharest, Romania, and of the Zoologische Museum, Universität Hamburg, Germany, the following new synonymies are proposed: Tuponia (Chlorotuponia) prasina (Fieber, 1864) = Tuponia (Chlorotuponia) linnavuorii Wagner, 1961, syn. n.; Tuponia (Tuponia) montandoni Reuter, 1899 = Tuponia (Tuponia) macedonica Wagner, 1957, syn. n. Lectotype and paralectotype are designated for Tuponia (Tuponia) montandoni Reuter, 1899. Tuponia (Chlorotuponia) hippophaes (Fieber, 1861), Tuponia (Tuponia) arcufera Reuter, 1879 and Tuponia (Tuponia) elegans (Jakovlev, 1867) are recorded for the first time from Romania. Habitus images, drawings of male genitalia and identification key are provided for all Tuponia species recorded in Romania and the surrounding countries.
The Interaction between the Nocturnal Amazonian Low-Level Jet and Convection in CESM
Authors: Bai Hedanqiu , Schumacher Courtney
Published: August 2021

A nocturnal Amazonian low-level jet (ALLJ) was recently diagnosed using reanalysis data. This work assesses the ability of CESM1.2.2 to reproduce the jet and explores the mechanisms by which the ALLJ influences convection in the Amazon. The coupled CESM simulates the nocturnal ALLJ realistically, while CAM5 does not. A low-level cold air temperature bias in the eastern Amazon exists in CAM5, and thus the ALLJ is weaker than observed. However, a cold SST bias over the equatorial North Atlantic in the coupled model offsets the cold air temperature bias, producing a realistic ALLJ. Climate models significantly underestimate March–May (MAM) precipitation over the eastern Amazon. We ran two sensitivity experiments using the coupled CESM by adding bottom-heavy diabatic heating at noon and midnight for 2.5 h along the coastal Amazon during MAM to mimic the occurrence of shallow precipitating convection. When heating is added during the early afternoon, coastal convection deepens and the ALLJ transports moisture inland from the ocean, preconditioning the environment for deep convective development during the ensuing hours. The increased convection over the eastern Amazon also moderately alleviates the equatorial Atlantic westerly wind bias, leading to deepening of the east Atlantic thermocline in the following months and partially improving the simulated June–August (JJA) Atlantic cold tongue in the coupled model. When heating is added at night, coastal convection does not strengthen as much and the ALLJ transports less moisture. Improvements in the simulated Atlantic winds and SST are negligible. Therefore, diurnal circulations matter to the organization of convection and rain across the Amazon, with impacts over the equatorial Atlantic.
Emergency General Surgery Regionalization: Retrospective Cohort Study of Emergency General Surgery Patients at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Ayuso Sullivan A. , Elhage Sharbel A. , Cunningham Kyle W. , Britton Christmas A. , Sing Ronald F. , Thomas Bradley W. , May Addison K. , Reinke Caroline E. , Ross Samuel W.
Published: August 2021

Background

Emergency general surgery (EGS) patients presenting at tertiary care hospitals may bypass local hospitals with adequate resources. However, many tertiary care hospitals frequently operate at capacity. We hypothesized that understanding patient geographic origin could identify opportunities for enhanced system triage and optimization and be an important first step for EGS regionalization and care coordination that could potentially lead to improved utilization of resources.

Methods

We analyzed patient zip code and categorized EGS patients who were cared for at our tertiary care hospital as potentially divertible if the southern region hospital was geographically closer to their home, regional hospital admission (RHA) patients, or local admission (LA) patients if the tertiary care facility was closer. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared for RHA and LA patients.

Results

Of 14 714 EGS patients presenting to the tertiary care hospital, 30.2% were categorized as RHA patients. Overall, 1526 (10.4%) patients required an operation including 527 (34.5%) patients who were potentially divertible. Appendectomy and cholecystectomy comprised 66% of the operations for potentially divertible patients. Length of stay was not significantly different ( P = .06) for RHA patients, but they did have lower measured short-term and long-term mortality when compared to their LA counterparts ( P < .05).

Conclusions

EGS diagnoses and patient geocode analysis can identify opportunities to optimize regional operating room and bed utilization. Understanding where EGS patients are cared for and factors that influenced care facility will be critical for next steps in developing EGS regionalization within our system.
Real Presence, Spiritual Presence: Assessing Thomas Cranmer's Appropriation of St. Ambrose's Eucharistic Doctrine
Authors: Marrs Daniel
Published: August 2021

While Thomas Cranmer's frequent appeals to the church fathers are often noted, focused evaluations of his theological use of particular patristic sources remain lacking. In a manner both historical and theological, the present article assesses the nature and quality of Thomas Cranmer's appropriation of Ambrose of Milan's doctrine of Christ's eucharistic presence. Devoting special attention to Cranmer's A Defence, in which he makes extensive use of Ambrose's De mysteriis and De sacramentis, the author contends that Cranmer's engagement with Ambrose contextualizes and informs his final vision of Christ's presence in the eucharist, and is therefore able to bring greater clarity to the ongoing debates surrounding Cranmer's understanding of eucharistic presence.
Changes in the Distribution of Migrant Labourers and Implications of Comprehensive Wealth in China’s Urbanisation
Authors: Kim Jinhyoung
Published: August 2021

This study applies the comprehensive wealth framework (CWF) to more fully assess the regional impacts of changes in the distribution of migrant workers in the recent urbanisation of China. The analysis indicates that changes in the distribution of migrant labourers have contributed to sustaining or increasing GDP growth rates and the level of human capital in both central and western regions. However, there is evidence that social and political capital may have declined along with the inflow of the mobile labour force and some lowered local government investments. From the perspective of the CWF, this study concludes that the impacts of distributional changes on regional comprehensive wealth is uncertain, potentially reducing the comprehensive wealth of the region.
Maintaining External Connections During Incarceration: Latent Class Analysis of Visitors for Women and Men in Prison
Authors: Hickert Audrey
Published: August 2021

Research on the prison visitation context has recently grown, yet little is known about the overall composition of who visits. This paper describes visit groups using latent class analysis (LCA) separately for women and men incarcerated two or more years in New York State. In this context where policies support frequent in-person visits, many maintain large, diverse groups of external connections. Although theory suggests that some groups may be more beneficial than others (e.g., prosocial influence or social support), visitor classes did not predict recidivism, but recidivism was higher for those with no/few visits. Policies that restrict visitor types or amounts may diminish valuable external social ties that can be maintained and offer ongoing support in more visit-positive regimes.
Red for Ed Teacher Movements: Exploring Roles and Symbols in the Politics of the Superintendency
Authors: Szolowicz Michael A. , Aaron Wisman R.
Published: August 2021

Purpose: In recent years, a new wave of teacher-led political action has erupted resulting in work stoppages in several states across the United States. This study examines how superintendents navigated this Red for Ed movement in two representative states. Methods: Framed as a multisite, embedded case study, we drew from public documents and semistructured interviews with superintendents. We took a deductive approach to data analysis, seeking analytic generalization to the theoretical frameworks adopted herein. Findings: Red for Ed-motivated teacher job actions did create a political dilemma for superintendents. Superintendents addressed the dilemma by utilizing the roles of business manager, instructional leader, and politician as expressed through symbolic politics including assigning responsibility and vaguely supporting the Red for Ed cause. Superintendent responses are consistent with isomorphic tenants of sociological institutionalism. Implications: Considering the modern superintendency’s political nature, superintendents might benefit from preparation in political strategy and tactics.
Understanding the Shahbag and Hefajat Movements in Bangladesh: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Parvez Saimum
Published: August 2021

This study examines the role of the press in shaping national identities in contemporary Bangladesh. It employs the critical discourse analysis method to analyze newspapers’ content and closely examines the news texts of three high-profile events in 2013: the Shahbag movement, the murder of blogger Rajib, and the Hefajat movement. Based on the critical discourse analysis of newspaper articles related to these three events, this study observes a discursive construction of two binary and intolerant identities in the coverage. This analysis demonstrates how the discourse of each newspaper creates meanings related to national identities and ideologies that serve to justify the interests of ‘us’ and to criticize ‘them’.
Acoustic Characteristics of Pre- and Post-vocalic /l/: Patterns from One Southern White Vernacular English
Authors: Chung Hyunju
Published: August 2021

This study examined acoustic characteristics of the phoneme /l/ produced by young female and male adult speakers of Southern White Vernacular English (SWVE) from Louisiana. F1, F2, and F2-F1 values extracted at the /l/ midpoint were analyzed by word position (pre- vs. post-vocalic) and vowel contexts (/i, ɪ/ vs. /ɔ, a/). Descriptive analysis showed that SWVE /l/ exhibited characteristics of the dark /l/ variant. The formant patterns of /l/, however, differed significantly by word position and vowel context, with pre-vocalic /l/ showing significantly higher F2-F1 values than post-vocalic /l/, and /l/ in the high front vowel context showing significantly higher F2-F1 values than those in the low back vowel context. Individual variation in the effects of word position and vowel contexts on /l/ pattern was also observed. Overall, the findings of the current study showed a gradient nature of SWVE /l/ variants whose F2-F1 patterns generally fell into the range of the dark /l/ variant, while varying by word position and vowel context.
Making the Case for Brain-friendly Pronunciation Instruction
Authors: Burri Michael
Published: August 2021

A growing empirical research base has contributed substantially to our understanding of pronunciation instruction. A contemporary perspective entails a balanced approach featuring both the teaching of segmentals (vowels and consonants) and suprasegmentals (stress, rhythm, and intonation) while favoring intelligible (i.e. clear) pronunciation as the pedagogical goal rather than the attainment of native-like pronunciation. Yet, the connection between neuroscience and pronunciation instruction has not been explored in depth so far. Thus, the aim of this article is to further the process of bringing insights from neuroscience into pronunciation teaching and learning. I first explore several interconnected neuroscientific principles that are relevant to pronunciation, including the social brain, emotions, movement, and touch, and then conclude the article by describing a ‘brain-friendly’ approach that reflects a number of those principles: haptic pronunciation instruction.
Highly precise navigation at the lateral skull base by the combination of flat-panel volume CT and electromagnetic navigation
Authors: Taeger Johannes , Müller-Graff Franz-Tassilo , Neun Tilmann , Köping Maria , Schendzielorz Philipp , Hagen Rudolf , Rak Kristen
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of electromagnetic navigation at the lateral skull base in combination with flat panel volume computed tomography (fpVCT) datasets. A mastoidectomy and a posterior tympanotomy were performed on 10 samples of fresh frozen temporal bones. For registration, four self-drilling titanium screws were applied as fiducial markers. Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT; 600 µm), conventional flat panel volume computed tomography (fpVCT; 466 µm), micro-fpVCT (197 µm) and secondary reconstructed fpVCT (100 µM) scans were performed and data were loaded into the navigation system. The resulting fiducial registration error (FRE) was analysed, and control of the navigation accuracy was performed. The registration process was very quick and reliable with the screws as fiducials. Compared to using the MSCT data, the micro-fpVCT data led to significantly lower FRE values, whereas conventional fpVCT and secondary reconstructed fpVCT data had no advantage in terms of accuracy. For all imaging modalities, there was no relevant visual deviation when targeting defined anatomical points with a navigation probe. fpVCT data are very well suited for electromagnetic navigation at the lateral skull base. The use of titanium screws as fiducial markers turned out to be ideal for comparing different imaging methods. A further evaluation of this approach by a clinical trial is required.
Assessment of conformity of actual thoraco-lumbar pedicle screw dimensions to manufacturers’ specifications
Authors: Banas Marian , Hore Nirjhar , Buchfelder Michael , Brandner Sebastian
Published: August 2021

Although correct selection of pedicle screw dimensions is indispensable to achieving optimum results, manufacturer-specified or intended dimensions may differ from actual dimensions. Here we analyzed the reliability of specifications made by various manufacturers by comparing them to the actual lengths and diameters of pedicle screws in a standardized experimental setup. We analyzed the actual length and diameter of pedicle screws of five different manufacturers. Four different screw lengths and for each length two different diameters were measured. Measurements were performed with the pedicle screws attached to a rod, with the length determined from the bottom of the tulip to the tip of the screw and the diameters determined at the proximal and distal threads. Differences in length of > 1 mm were found between the manufacturers’ specifications and our actual measurements in 24 different pedicle screws. The highest deviation of the measured length from the manufacturers’ specification was 3.2 mm. The difference in length between the shortest and longest screw with identical specifications was 3.4 mm. The highest deviation of the measured proximal thread diameters and the manufacturer’s specifications was 0.5 mm. The diameter of the distal thread depends on the shape of the pedicle screw and hence varies between manufacturers in conical screws. We found clear differences in the length of pedicle screws with identical manufacturer specifications. Since differences between the actual dimensions and the dimensions indicated by the manufacturer may vary, this needs to be taken into account during the planning of spine instrumentation.
A Journey Through Romantic Heartbreak and Psychological Growth: An Exploratory Phenomenological Study of Adult Females
Authors: Crowder Rebecca J. , Acquaye Hannah E. , Boanca Georgeta , Thiesen Norm L.
Published: August 2021

Romantic heartbreak is common, affects all genders, and does not spare the adolescent or adult. While some recover and experience growth beyond their pre-break-up state, others do not fully recover. What are the factors that facilitate or impede recovery? Could there be restoration for heartbreak? These are some questions that this study set out to explore. Using a phenomenological lens, eight Caucasian adult females who self-reported as experiencing heartbreak from heterosexual and same sex relationships were interviewed. Emerging themes from transcribed and coded interviews included relational evolution, decline, end, rumination, and recovery. While each relational phase transitioned to the next, the path of rumination influenced participants’ level of recovery. Results indicated that participants who exhibited productive rumination eventually achieved a state of mental and spiritual renewal. Several implications are discussed, including how counselors may help to facilitate productive client rumination and renewal post heartbreak.
Historical Changes in Introductory Psychology Lectures, Readings, and Assessments: Lessons Learned
Authors: Brase Gary L. , Du Meixuan (Rebecca)
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Psychology instructors face decisions about adopting new approaches to lectures, readings, and assessment in their courses.

Statement of the Problem

These choices about course structure can be both intimidating and confusing in terms of the costs and benefits for different options.

Literature Review

As framed by anecdotal and empirical evidence from personal experience in teaching introductory psychology, this article reviews research on impactful pedagogy. The goal is to provide useful encouragement and cautionary notes on these different options.

Teaching Implications

Based on 18 classes, taught over a dozen years, the authors provide concrete tips for how to navigate decision points and implement these teaching changes, as supported by student performance and course evaluation data.

Conclusion

Though unable to make causal conclusions from this limited data, it is worthwhile to discuss the tradeoffs of choices surrounding lectures, readings, and assessments in introductory psychology.
Framing young South Korean working holidaymakers in Australia: A longitudinal analysis of South Korean newspapers from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Jung Kyungja , Jung Yong Moon
Published: August 2021

Temporary migration is a growing global trend, but there is little research on its representation in the media of origin countries. This paper fills this gap by examining how temporary migration is framed by using a longitudinal analysis that focuses on the representation of South Korean participants in the Australian Working Holiday Program in South Korean newspapers from 2000 to 2018. This paper explores the role that South Korean newspapers have played in constructing pro-migration discourses and representing the program, its participants, and their experiences while considering the social and political environments. Key focus areas identified include a “culture of migration,” national interest, economic imperatives/employment, and “victimization.”
Low Vision Aids: Students’ Experiences
Authors: Hanninen Kenneth A. , Bates Steven S. , Thume Lyle
Published: August 2021

This article describes the function of a low vision clinic and reports on an evaluation of one clinic's services. Findings indicate general satisfaction by college students, with some important obstacles identified in the use of low vision aids. Among the hindrances were cumbersome appearance, restriction in field of vision, time-consuming manipulation, and difficult access to repair services.
Rehabilitation of Blind Persons in Rural India
Authors: Jaekle Robert
Published: August 2021

Describes a five-year research and demonstration project which trains and assesses the effectiveness of “barefoot” rehabilitation workers. The workers, all raised in rural villages in south India and familiar with the social structure of rural areas, received a few weeks of intensive training, including instruction in eye health care, basic mobility, daily living, and manual dexterity. Learning from experience, regular refresher courses, and project reviews increased their skills. The principal objective of rehabilitation was integration of blind individuals into family and community life. Results to date show service was delivered at costs low enough to be feasible in a developing nation.
Color Contrast as on Aid for Visually Impaired Persons
Authors: Sicurella Vincent J.
Published: August 2021

An architect who also has a graduate degree in special education, the author uses both these areas and his own experience as a visually impaired person, to show how color contrast can improve the effectiveness of limited vision in the home. Ten photographs illustrate practical suggestions for using color contrast in the kitchen, dining area, living area, bathroom, and office desk. All suggested remedies are inexpensive and simple enough for the visually impaired person to carry out himself.
Tactile Political Maps: Two Experimental Designs
Authors: Berla Edward P. , Butterfield Lawrence H.
Published: August 2021

Examines the design of tactile political maps by constructing two experimental maps having either a broad raised line or a broad incised line. Performance on these two maps was compared with performance on a thin raised line map (control), which is typically found in braille books. The subjects were 72 braille readers in grades 4-12. Performance on the broad raised line map was superior to performance on the control map. Performance on the broad incised line map did not differ from performance on the control map.
Eye Contacts: Increasing Their Rate in Social Interactions
Authors: Sanders Richard M. , Goldberg Stephen G.
Published: August 2021

An almost totally blind, 26-year-old, retarded man whose rate of eye contact was below 30 percent in any time period was trained in his sheltered workshop environment. By employing auditory feedback and the opportunity to avoid break time, the client's eye contacts were increased to over 80 percent. After 10 months, the response had not only generalized to other people and places within the workshop, it also remained above the 74 percent level.
Current Status of Research on Providing Sight to the Blind by Electrical Stimulation of the Brain
Authors: Dobelle Wm. H.
Published: August 2021

Recent technological advances suggest that by connecting a television camera and associated circuitry to the visual centers of the brain, it may be possible to restore at least a limited amount of visual sensation to totally blind persons. Although this article focuses on the technological aspects of developing a visual prosthesis, future problems related to patient selection and rehabilitation and social work should provide interesting challenges for both researchers and practitioners working with the blind and visually handicapped.
Monterey Learning Systems: Improving Academic Achievement of Visually Impaired Learners
Authors: Daugherty Kathryn M.
Published: August 2021

The Monterey Learning Systems Reading and Mathematics Programs are highly individualized, effective educational approaches to improving the academic skills of visually impaired learners. In a five-month program of instruction, the average student's reading, decoding, and mathematical computational skills were significantly increased. The program included a diagnostic component and a strict element of accountability.
Learning through Listening: A New Approach
Authors: Cobb Edward S.
Published: August 2021

For many reasons, independent study using tape recordings is more difficult than study by reading print. Attempts to compensate have traditionally involved listening skills pretraining programs. An alternative approach explores the effectiveness of different ways of presenting materials for aural study. Study activity data are obtainable from specially modified playback decks which emitted electrical signals for all student-initiated functions. This critical feedback can be recorded and processed by a computer in an aural learning laboratory. The relations between independently controlled presentation variations and correlations of study activity data and student comprehension scores provide the basis for a more effective aural adaptation structure.
Cane Technique: Modifying the Touch Technique for Full Path Coverage
Authors: Uslan Mark M.
Published: August 2021

Measurements of height of cane hand, cane length, step size, and forearm length of 17 cane, using blind subjects were taken for the purpose of testing the hypothesis that the touch technique does not provide 100 percent path coverage. Percent path coverage for the touch technique and the modified technique of Uslan and Manning was compared. The modified technique offered the complete protection of full path coverage and afforded subjects information about a substantial area that the touch technique did not.
Preschool Services for the Visually Handicapped: A National Survey
Authors: Felix Linda , Spungin Susan Jay
Published: August 2021

A national study of preschool programs serving the visually handicapped was made for the purpose of compiling national lists of programs and parent groups as well as to compile programmatic information in the following areas: program objectives, staffing, selection criteria, referral procedures, assessment, program planning, parent involvement and record keeping. The information is intended to guide states in the development of new programs or the restructuring of old ones, as well as serve as a basis for future research.
Biological Models for Blind Students
Authors: Franks Frank L. , Murr Marvin J.
Published: August 2021

In response to an expressed need for inexpensive biological models for blind students, the American Printing House for the Blind has developed a set of 19 plastic models (schematics) which illustrate representative species of the major invertebrate phyla and component structures of flowering plants. The biological features depicted on the models were found to be highly discriminable in a test of legibility (95 percent overall correct responses) with 42 legally blind students (grades 7-12). The models emphasize simplicity, but offer additional cues where complexity occurs. Texture, size, shape, and relief were used for maximum legibility. Chromatic color coding was employed to maximize color and luminance contrasts for low vision students. The models averaged nine inches (22.9 cm) in length on their longest sides.
Summer Work Experience Program for Young Blind People
Authors: Dickson Mary B.
Published: August 2021

A CETA funded program of pre-vocational summer work experience for young blind adults was established to teach job-seeking skills, to develop decision-making processes, and to explore interests and capabilities for potential future employment. Opportunities were provided for independent living, money management, and improvement of mobility skills.
Competency Based Programs: A National Perspective
Authors: Taylor Josephine
Published: August 2021

An overview of what competency based programs mean. Discusses basic requirements for such programs including research base, evaluation, accountability. Describes recent changes in visually handicapped personnel preparation programs and changes needed in future. Discusses manpower needs.
Competency Based Curriculum: A National Survey of Teachers
Authors: Spungin Susan Jay
Published: August 2021

Presents selected findings of a national survey of teachers of the visually handicapped to measure their attitudes toward competencies in seven areas of teaching activity: Assessment and Evaluation; Educational Instructional Strategies; Guidance and Counseling; Administration and Supervision; Media and Technology; School and Community Relations; and Research. Attitudes of the 807 responding teachers in both residential and local school programs were analyzed in two phases: Phase I compared what teachers said they do with their reactions to competencies; Phase II analyzed teacher roles (rather than titles) and compared role and function with reaction to the competencies.
Inservice Workshops
Authors: Rossi Peter
Published: August 2021

Describes day-long inservice workshops for regular classroom teachers who teach mainstreamed visually impaired children. Specialists discuss the following topics with the teachers: activities of daily living, physical education, orientation and mobility, and textbooks and materials.
Support Services and Alternatives to Institutionalization for Deaf-Blind Children
Authors: Freedman Saul
Published: August 2021

A long-term program for serving deaf-blind children is proposed. The use of two principal facilities—a state institution and a residential school—to carry out the program is outlined, with a description of the services each should provide. Progressive levels of group homes for deaf-blind children are shown to be feasible, cost-efficient, and effective alternatives to institutionalization.
Touch, Talk, and Travel
Authors: Cangelosi Patricia A.
Published: August 2021

Describes the special problems and needs of deaf-blind persons in rehabilitation training, particularly in orientation and mobility. The importance of communication is stressed.
A Course on Resources for the Newly Blind
Authors: Winer Mimi
Published: August 2021

A course on information and resources should be a basic component of any rehabilitation program for newly blinded individuals. In four brief sessions, it is possible not only to teach the newly blind what resources there are and where to find them but how to continue receiving information on new products and services in the future. Included is a comprehensive list of resources—some of which are useful primarily to residents of Massachusetts but provide a model for other states.
Blindness and Diabetes from a Psychologist's Perspective
Authors: Barron Susan
Published: August 2021

The author contends that, despite previous findings to the contrary, her research has shown that juvenile and adult diabetics, because of the pressures of dealing with their illness over time and because of the ways they are treated by others, develop certain traits and characteristics in common. These characteristics are described, with their implications for rehabilitation and suggestions for working with the blind diabetic client and his family.
Meeting the Psychosocial and Rehabilitative Needs of the Visually Impaired Diabetic
Authors: Oehler-Giarratana Judith
Published: August 2021

The psychosocial and visual problems of proliferating diabetic retinopathy are discussed in terms of four stages: discovery of the diagnosis, developing awareness of the diagnosis, realization of disability, and stabilization of vision. The need for new models for service organizations, employing preventative rehabilitation, is also dealt with.
Who are the Clients?: A Follow-up Study of 288 Visually Handicapped Children
Authors: Gillman Arthur E. , Simon Ellen Perlman
Published: August 2021

Describes a “natural” experiment in which children who had attended an intensive preschool program stressing cognitive development were compared with a group of similar age that had received other less-intensive services. Two unexpected findings were that the groups differed significantly in visual functioning and that vision was an important determinant of school placement.
Kurzweil Reading Machine: Evaluation of Model One
Authors: Scadden Lawrence A.
Published: August 2021

In summary, the evaluation of the KRM has demonstrated that this approach and this specific machine can permit immediate access to printed material by most blind individuals. The greatest limitation at this stage of development is related to the confidence level that many users have placed in the ability of the machine to read various kinds of reading material. This factor has limited the use of the machine as an aid to employment of blind people. It is believed that many of the problems identified in the evaluation process can be overcome with further research and development of the KRM. The evaluation of the KRM by blind and sighted individuals throughout the country has led to the unanimous conclusion that further investigations with improved models of the KRM are warranted. The software in the existing models should be improved to eliminate some of the problems identified above. Hardware changes should be made to eliminate other identified problems.

The concern regarding the lack of use of the KRM by employed blind individuals residing close to existing machines probably cannot be alleviated until reading machines of this kind can be located within the actual employment situation. Blind individuals are not willing, nor should they be, to travel to where machines are located in order to read work related materials. Other alternatives, including sighted readers, can be utilized within a work setting. This conclusion suggests the necessity of reaching the point at which speech-output reading machines can be affordable by individuals.

Postscript:

Since the completion of this evaluation project and the submission of the final report to the supporting governmental agency and to the manufacturer, KCP announced plans for Model Three of the KRM, a desk-top unit. The design includes most of the recommendations suggested in this report such as a hand-scanning option, a small tactile display to assist in format recognition, automatic contrast control with manual override capability, and a spell-next-letter feature. In addition, KCP announced several innovative features. The new model will permit the improved speech synthesizer to speak at rates up to 250 words per minute. Model Three will also have the capability of attaching to a braille embosser to provide direct print to braille conversion. The unit can also be attached to a computer to provide immediate full vocabulary output for computers. A new program is being developed to be used with all KRM's to permit the reading machines to be used as high-powered, programmable, scientific calculators. The new models and programs are scheduled for distribution in early fall 1978. Comprehensive evaluation of these advances is planned.
Orientation and Mobility for Severely and Profoundly Retarded Blind Persons
Authors: Uslan Mark M.
Published: August 2021

The lack of attention to orientation and mobility for both severely and profoundly retarded blind persons is seen as an interdisciplinary problem that educators for the retarded and educators for the blind—especially mobility instructors—can and should remediate. The scant literature that does exist is reviewed and suggestions are made for improving locomotor skills, organizing physical exercises, teaching orientation skills, and teaching cane travel.
Tactual Discrimination of Shapes
Authors: Simpkins Katherine E.
Published: August 2021

The young child's development of the concept of space was explored using shapes characterized by topological and Euclidean relations. The subjects were required to tactually explore a stimulus shape and then to locate the identical shape factually from among four alternatives. No significant differences were found on the basis of vision or sex, but school experience did affect choice. Results were examined in terms of Piaget's theory of spatial development and found to parallel his findings with sighted children.
Use of a Mobile Unit for Delivering Services to Older Blind Persons
Authors: Landwehr Ronald , Hutcheson Kenneth
Published: August 2021

Describes a mobile training unit used experimentally to deliver services to older blind persons who were isolated by multiple disabilities or because they lived in rural areas with inadequate facilities. In view of access barriers caused by the vehicle's design, difficulties in using and maintaining such a large vehicle, consumer unwillingness or inability to leave home, or, if they did, inability to transfer skills from unit to home, the disadvantages of the unit outweighed the advantages.
The Effect of Creative Dance Movement on Large Muscle Control and Balance in Congenitally Blind Children
Authors: Duehl Alice N.
Published: August 2021

An attempt was made to enhance large muscle control and balance in congenitally blind children aged between eight and ten years, by exposing them to a program of creative dance movement. Subjects were tested before and after training, using an evaluative test based on measures designed by Cratty. A sighted control group was also tested without training, for the purpose of seeing their performance on the test. Post-training test results for the blind group revealed improvement on a significant percentage of the evaluative tasks. The scores of this group also came closer to the scores of the sighted control group. Observations of persons involved with the subjects in other areas of their education and daily life, concurred with the test results, in that they overwhelmingly noted overall improvement in movement abilities.
Development of a Pre-Reading Concept Program for Visually Handicapped Children
Authors: Hall Amanda , Rodabaugh Barbara
Published: August 2021

Describes the empirical development of an individualized program for teaching concepts to visually handicapped children at a pre-reading level. The program uses carefully sequenced, concrete experiences and a multisensory approach to learning in order to help children develop an understanding of those concepts considered a necessary foundation for the pre-reading and reading process. As a research project, the program was designed and field tested according to a systematic plan.