bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Dynamics of Treating Patients with Generalized Periodontitis and Hypertension Depending on the Method of Treatment
Authors: Vivcharenko Tetiana , Rozhko Mykola
Published: December 2018

Calcium and its compounds play an important role in the regulation of many functions of the body. The concentration of calcium ions in the serum is one of the important constants of homeostasis.

The objective of the research was to study the level of total calcium, ionized calcium, and phosphorus in patients with stage II hypertension and generalized periodontitis of II degree of severity, depending on the method of treatment.

Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 70 patients with generalized periodontitis of II degree of severity and stage II hypertension who were divided into 4 groups. The comparison group consisted of 30 patients suffering from generalized periodontitis of II degree of severity without hypertension who were divided into similar 4 groups depending on age and type of treatment. The control group included 17 patients of corresponding age with healthy periodontium and without somatic pathology.

Results. Twelve months after starting treatment, in younger patients of the main group receiving basic therapy, serum phosphorus level increased by 0.03 mmol /l, and in the older ones, it increased by 0.04 mmol/l. In younger and older patients of the comparison group, serum phosphorus level increased by 0.05 mmol/l. The patients who received basic therapy in combination with the proposed scheme of treatment had higher level of phosphorus than those who received basic therapy only. Twelve months after starting treatment, serum level of total calcium decreased in young and older patients of the main group and comparison group receiving basic therapy. An obvious improvement of treatment 12 months after its starting was observed in all the patients of the main group and comparison group who received basic therapy in combination with the proposed scheme of treatment.

Conclusions. The improved treatment scheme was more effective for treatment of generalized periodontitis of II degree of severity in patients with stage II hypertension.
Reorganization of Intraorganic Blood Vessels of the Bladder in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tokaryk Nadia , Yurakh Andriy , Pukach Ilona , Yurakh Halyna , Dmytrenko Anatoliy
Published: December 2018

Objective: To give histologic, morphometric and ultrastructural characteristics of intraorganic hemovessels of the urinary bladder of rats at the stages of streptozotocin diabetes.

Material and methods.

There were used 70 Wistar male rats; diabetes mellitus was modeled with streptozotocin (60 mg / kg of body weight); material was taken on 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70-th day of experiment; histological, morphometric and electron microscopic research was performed.

Results

The microscopic, morphometric and ultrastructural peculiarities of transformation of intraorganic blood vessels of rats’ bladder during streptozotocin diabetes were detected.

Conclusions:

1) the bladder diabetic microangiopathy is nonspecific process, the specificity of which is determined by the degree of expressiveness of vascular disorders which are characterized by these: a) the change of arteriolar vascular tone manifesting itself initially by dilatation, then by decrease of the lumen, then by secondary expansion; b) reconstruction of hemocapillar basal membrane, which becomes thicker 3.22-fold by the end of the experiment, disorganized and lamellar; c) blood rheological disturbances expressed in sludges in particular venules on the 14th day of experiment, on the 28th – in most venules, on the 42nd – also in capillaries, on the 56-70-th  generalized sludge syndrome of all bladder layers appears; 2) diabetic angiopathy is accompanied with swelling of different genesis: interstitial one increases till the 28th day of experiment, since the 42nd  it decreases; since the 42nd day plasma percolation of perivascular connective tissue increases; swelling of endotheliocytes appears on the 28-42th day of diabetes.
The Analysis of Some Indicators of Oxidative Student’s Stress with An Initial-i Stage of Generalized Periodontitis
Authors: Pavliuk Tetiana , Rozhko Mykola
Published: December 2018

Periodontal tissue disease is one of the most widespread human diseases. The development of periodontal tissue diseases (generalized periodontitis) depends on many local and systemic risk factors. An important place is the emergence of diseases of periodontal tissues against the background of a violation of the normal functioning of antioxidant defense systems, which leads to the development of oxidative stress and dysfunction of cells and tissues of the oral cavity. The aim of the study was to determine some indicators of oxidative stress in 2-year students of a medical university with an initial-I degree of generalized periodontitis. To assess the level of oxidative stress, indicators such as malonic aldehyde (MDA), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and glutathione peroxidase were used. The results of the study showed that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal tissue diseases.
Quality Assessment of Medical Care at the Stage of Primary Healthcare: the Range of Diagnostic Procedures in Patients with Eczema
Authors: Cherkashyna Lidiya
Published: December 2018

According to the results of studying the ranges of diagnostic measures among 75 patients with eczema, primary health care quality was assessed. The adequacy/completeness of clinical and anamnestic examination of patients with eczema by general family medicine physicians was at the level of (56.5÷59.8)% being characterized by the underestimation of the state of skin derivatives (microelementosis, vitamin deficiency) in (86.7±3.9)% of patients; the constitutional and biological markers, visceral and functional markers of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in (74.7±5.0)% and (74.7±5.0)% of patients, respectively; the influence of unfavorable regional environmental factors, living conditions and professional activity, clinical and morphological evaluation of rash in (49.3±5.8)% of patients. According to the generalized quality index, the adequacy/completeness of clinical and laboratory examination of patients with eczema was at the level of (58.4÷63.4)% being characterized by a low level of examinations aimed at the detection of possible disorders of microelement homeostasis and comorbidity. According to the generalized quality index, the adequacy/completeness of clinical and instrumental examination of patients with eczema was at the level of 66.5 being characterized by a low level of instrumental diagnostics of autonomic homeostasis state, densitometry, anesthesiometry, imaging study of the joints.
Course of HBV-infection in HIV-infected and HIV-non-infected Pregnant women
Authors: Mateyko Galyna , Matvisiv Maryana
Published: December 2018

The objective of the work – is to study the course of HBV-infection in pregnant women, infected and uninfected with HIV, based on the analysis of clinical-laboratory parameters.

Materials and methods. HBV-infection was diagnosed in 5.6% of women with negative HIV-status and in 9.4% positive with HIV.

To verify the diagnosis of HBV-infection, the data of anamnesis, clinical examination, laboratory tests: general clinical, biochemical, EIA, PCR, and VL in each trimester of pregnancy were used.

Research. In HIV-negative pregnant women, 71.6% of the patients were diagnosed with HBsAg carrier status and 28.4% – the replication stages. Replication stages were only in HIV-positive patients.

The frequency of clinical manifestations of CHB is higher in HIV-positive women – it is 33.33% vs 10.00% in HIV-negative (p<0.05), in a significantly lower rate of cytolysis – 11.11% vs 45.00% (p< 0.001), which did not increase up to the childbirth.

The rate of VL of HBV increased before the childbirth in 63.3% of pregnant women without HIV-infection, and in 36.7% it did not change. Thus, in 83.3% of HIV-infected, it decreased to the threshold, and in 16.7% it hasn’t changed (p<0.01).

During pregnancy, the immunotolerant phase of CHB in women of both groups was not transformed into immunoactive, and in HIV-negative pregnant women – the carrier status of HBsAg to the replicative form.

Conclusion. In pregnant women with HIV-infection the incidence of replicative forms of HBV-infection is 3.5 times than in pregnant women without HIV-infection, the HBsAg carrier status is not determined. HIV-immunosuppression is accompanied by the prevalence of the immunotolerant phase of CHB (88.9%) with subclinical course without disturbance of pigmentary metabolism and cytolysis increase against the background of a decrease of VL HBV up to the threshold in 83.3% (p<0.01). The inverse weak correlation between the level of CD4 + T-lymphocytes and VL HBV was determined.

In HIV-negative pregnancies, latent forms of HBV-infection prevail (71.6%). Replicative forms are characterized by a low degree (80.0%) of HBV viremia (p<0.05) with minimal cytolysis in 43.3% of women (p<0.001), which did not change during pregnancy.
Formation of Structural Components of Masticatory Muscles in Postnatal Ontogenesis and Their Changes in Experimental Iodine Deficiency
Authors: Sagan Nazar
Published: December 2018

Investigating the blood vessels of masticatory muscles, we have determined a structural age reorganization, which manifests itself in increasing the diameter of all parts of the arterial and venous bed. Also, with age (in mature animals) the number of capillaries per unit of the area and the number of capillaries, which supply with blood one muscular fiber that corresponds to the growth and muscular fibers development demands, increase. Histologically and submicroscopically, muscular fibers acquire a definitive structure. The percentage distribution of different types of fibers is changing: the amount of OGMF decreases with the simultaneous growth of GMF and the amount of OMF is almost unchanged, indicating the decrease of oxidative processes, and it is confirmed by a slight increase of the volumetric fraction of mitochondria in OMF and a moderate decrease of their part in other types of muscular fibers compared with a significant increase of the volumetric fraction of myofibrils.

Under the conditions of iodine deficiency, we have observed the changes in the diameter of the lumen of all parts of the arterial and venous bed: narrowing of the arterial and dilation of venous vessels. One can also note the thickening of the arterial wall due to the edema of all its membranes. These changes are more pronounced in the vessels of the masticatory muscles of the immature animals, which are confirmed by morphometric studies. Also the number of hemocapillaries decreases. Ultramiscoscopically, edema is also noted in the endothelial cells. During histological examination of muscular fibers there are changes in the quantitative composition of different types with a tendency to decrease the number of OGMF with simultaneous growth of GMF. Also, there is an increase of the cross-sectional area of all types of muscular fibers. During ultramicroscopic examination, the edematous changes of muscular fibers are also observed, especially in GMF. There is also an increase of the volumetric fraction of mitochondria and the volumetric fraction of myofibrils in muscular fibers, indicating the edematous changes in these structures and the strength of oxidative processes.
The Method of Diagnosis and Systematization Defects of Dental Hard Tissues
Authors: Bulbuk Oleksandr , Bulbuk Olena , Rozhko Mykola
Published: December 2018

In the problem of solving diagnosis and treatment of hard tissue defects, a significant role is played by the choice of tactics for dental treatment of tooth decay. This work was aimed at studying the problem of diagnosis and systematization of hard tissues defects, that will contribute to the objectification of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in dental treatment of patients with this disease.
The objective of the research was to develop an anatomical and functional systematization for differentiated evaluation of tooth defects, as a basis for the application of differentiated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to dental treatment of hard tissue defects.
Materials and methods. For differential assessment of the extent of tooth defects and precise estimation of the strength of the composition “tooth-restoration”, we conducted   mechanical and mathematical modeling of contact interaction of restoration with dental tissues. We conducted anthropometric studies of all types of cavities of different groups of teeth as well. 
Results. As a result of the study, there was proposed the systematization of hard tissues defects – location of defects, occlusive load, extent of defects/ depth of decay. The algorithm for choosing the method of treating hard tissues defects that is based on the systematization of location of defects, occlusive load, extent of defects/ depth of decay and may serve as a selection criterion for the treatment of such pathologies was offered.
Conclusions. The proposed systematization filled the obvious gap in academic ideas of hard tissue defects, suggested the prospect of reaching a consensus on differentiated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in treatment of patients with this disease building the methodological “bridge of continuity” between therapeutic and orthopedic dentistry in the field of hard tissue defect treatment.
How college freshmen increase their academic self-efficacy? An indigenous approach
Authors: Muhammad Gloria Excelcise , Wicaksono Banyu , Sutarmanto Hadi
Published: December 2018

To cope with the pressure, freshmen needs to come up with various strategies, such as increasing their academic self-efficacy (Clark, 2005). This study was designed to understand how college freshmen increase their academic self-efficacy. We recruited 206 college freshmen, whom identified themselves as Javanese and we asked them to complete an open-ended questionnaire. We posed them with questions ‘do you believe that you can accomplish college assignment properly?’ and ‘how do you increase that belief?’ This study incorporates indigenous psychology in it’s design to understand the data contextually. Data obtained from the field was analyzed using thematic content analysis. Result showed that 46.60% respondent increase their academic self-efficacy by increasing mastery, 21.36% by increasing motivation, 12.14% by setting up mindset, 10.19% by increasing religiosity, and 5.34% by preparations.It can be concluded that most respondents increase academic self-efficacy by increasing mastery.
Validity and reliability of the happiness scale for adolescents in Yogyakarta
Authors: Dini Sintia Gumara
Published: December 2018

Happiness is a subjective concept because every individual has a different benchmark. Nolen-Hoeksema (1998) argues that adolescents have a higher level of depression than adults, who tend to show lower levels. For that reason, there needs to be a scale to measure happiness in adolescents. This research aims to construct a happiness scale for adolescents in Yogyakarta to measure the level of happiness of adolescents in Yogyakarta in a valid way because not all measurement tools used in western cultures can be implemented in the east. This research uses a constructed psychological measurement tool. This research involves 120 adolescents aged 16-18 years in Yogyakarta. In the factorial validity test or factor analysis, there are several items separated from the initial indicators that form new indicators. These, however, are still able to uncover the aim of constructing the scale. From the 60 items proposed, five items were rejected, and 55 others were considered appropriate. Reliability testing yields a result of 0.936, meaning that the scale has a sufficient level of reliability.
Growth after academic failure in Javanese students: An indigenous approach
Authors: Inayaturrobbani Fakhirah , Kisriyani Ammik
Published: December 2018

This study examined how Javanese students perceive academic failure in their life from an indigenous psychology perspective. The perspective intends to give a contextual understanding that is rarely found. This research uses qualitative method with an open-ended questionnaire to carry out a deep understanding of respondent's own experiences. The asked question was ‘What is the influence of academic failure in your life today?’ The participants of this study are 80 undergraduate Javanese students who are studying in Yogyakarta by the time of data collection.  The age range of the participants is 18-22 years old. Then, the obtained multiple responds data are analyzed using thematic content analysis. The categorized data is analyzed using cross-tabulations. The finding of this study shows that students reported academic failure as lesson-learned (41.4%), self-development (35.3%), negative emotion (7.07%), burdensome (6.06%), regretful (5.05%), and others which consisted of shy, material benefit, parents’ disappointment, got some friends (5.05%).
Developing an instrument of national examination of equivalency education Package C of mathematics subject
Authors: Prasasti Ian Harum , Istiyono Edi
Published: December 2018

The national examination of equivalency education is a competency test to equalize non-formal education with formal education. Departing from the importance of the quality and expectations of the national examination of equivalency education package C mathematics subjects and because the results are inseparable from the implementation process, developing an evaluation instrument to assess the implementation of the national examination of equivalency education package C mathematics subjects is important. The purpose of this study is to develop a suitable instrument for conducting an evaluation of the national examination implementation of the equivalency education package C mathematics subject. The respondents in this research are package C test takers in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 20.0 and Lisrel 8.54. The result of the analysis shows (1) based on the data obtained from respondents of try-out, the developed instrument is valid, reliable and qualified as a fit model; (2) components in the instrument of test takers is learning time, socialization, test materials, and test venue; and (3) the instrument have the validity value of 0.40 and reliability coefficient of 0.70.
Continuing professional development (CPD) for junior high school mathematics teachers: An evaluation study
Authors: Merliza Pika , Retnawati Heri
Published: December 2018

Responding to the importance of conducting evaluation on continuing professional development program for teachers, this study is aimed at describing the implementation and difficulty of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of mathematics teachers of Junior High School (JHS) in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. This research used a descriptive approach employing a quantitative-qualitative method with sequential explanatory strategy. The population of the research was 181 junior high school mathematics teachers who have already become civil servants. The samples were 63 teachers for quantitative research selected using stratified random sampling and proportional random sampling technique, while eight teachers for qualitative research were selected using purposive sampling technique. These eight teachers were selected because they were the only teachers handling the CPD program. The data were collected through a test, questionnaires, checklist sheet, study document, and interview. Data analysis was conducted using categorized performance trends, divided into five groups: Very Good/Difficult, Good/Difficult, Fair, Poor/Easy, and Very Poor/Very Easy. The data were analyzed using descriptive technique; the quantitative study analysis was performed by mean and standard deviation, whereas, the qualitative data analysis was obtained by data reduction, data display, and conclusion technique. The research results show that the majority of teachers’ CPD implementation is very poor, meanwhile, the difficulty of the engagement of CPD is categorized as fairly difficult.
A factor analysis of an instrument for measuring physical abuse experience of students at school
Authors: Amin Safrudin , Kartowagiran Badrun , Inang Pracha
Published: December 2018

Violence in schools is increasingly reported by the mass media. It indicates that its prevalence is escalating. An instrument which has a proper psychometric property is needed to investigate the phenomenon. The study aims to develop an instrument for measuring physical abuse experienced by students in schools and explore the construct of the instrument. To pursue those objectives, the content validitity, construct validity, and reliability analysis on the developed instrument were measured. Its content validity was confirmed through expert judgment, construct validity was proven through exploratory factor analysis, and reliability was estimated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Experts considered that the content of all items were relevant, though they also suggested some improvement in wordings for greater clarity. The exploratory factor analysis on 31 items indicates that seven items need to be dropped and 24 items are divided into three factors called (1) victimized by friends with the loading factor ranging from 0.44 to 0.69, (2) victimizing friends with the loading factor ranging from 0.45 to 0.66, and (3) being victimized by teachers with the loading factor ranging from 0.57 to 0.68. The reliability of the test was 0.874. Based on this result, the developed instruments consist of three factors with good validity and reliability.
An evaluation of Islamic moral teaching for students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN)
Authors: Amanah Siti , Haryanto Haryanto
Published: December 2018

This research is aimed at evaluating: the preparation, implementation, and outcome of the moral teaching program using Stake Countenance evaluation model (antecedent, implementation, and outcome). The study was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Cilacap, MAN Kroya, and MAN Majenang. The subjects were the principals, teachers of Aqidah Akhlak, chairpersons of the Madrasah Committee, and 276 grade XII students. Interview, observation, questionnaire, and documentation were used as data collection techniques. The data analysis method used was the quantitative-qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of the evaluation shows that: (1) the preparation of the moral teaching is in ‘good’ category; (2) the implementation of moral teaching in terms of time and methods is in ‘good’ category, but the model of moral judgments used is not in ‘good’ category; (3) the result of moral teaching in the madrasah and outside the madrasah as a whole is in ‘good’ category. Thus, Islamic moral teaching evaluation of MAN in Cilacap Regency viewed from the preparation, implementation, and the result is in accordance with the evaluation criteria. In addition, there is a need for further action to examine the effectiveness of moral teaching in madrasahs.
Assessment of the social attitude of primary school students
Authors: Setiawan Ari , Suardiman Siti Partini
Published: December 2018

The implementation of Curriculum 2013 at primary school level brings about its own problems to teachers. A serious problem emerges in the assessment, especially the assessment of core competence for the social attitude aspect. This problem arises because social attitude has many dimensions and requires judgments in diverse forms. In addition, the assessment of social attitude is focused on the affective sphere. The objective of this research is to assess the social attitude of grade IV and/or V students of primary school using three integrated instrument models: self-assessment (SA), peer assessment (PA), and observational assessment (OA). This research employed qualitative approach. The respondents were 58 students chosen by using cluster random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The data were collected through direct disclosure questionnaire and observation, and analyzed descriptive quantitatively. The results of the research are as follows: (1) the component of honesty attitude is in category A (entrusted); (2) the component of discipline is in category A (entrusted); (3) the responsibility component is in category B (developing); (4) the politeness component is in category B (developing); (5) caring component is in category B (developing); (6) confidence component is category A (entrusted); and (7) students' social attitude is mainly in category B (good) which indicates that most students have good social attitude.
Exploring the accuracy of school-based English test items for grade XI students of senior high schools
Authors: Iryayo Martin , Widyantoro Agus
Published: December 2018

This study is set out to (1) explore the accuracy of school-based English test items developed by English teachers and (2) compare the relationship between the content covered by teacher and the students’ success level. This research used the quantitative approach. The source of the data is all grade XI students’ answers to the English test for the second semester of 2016/2017 academic year, and their English teachers’ responses to the questionnaire. During this cross-sectional survey, 241 grade XI students and six English teachers were selected by using the total population sampling technique. To analyze the data, the IRT model was prioritized with BILOG MG 3.0, WINISTEPS 3.7. The findings of the study indicate that (1) the test is valid, (2) it is reliable, (3) majority of the items are moderately difficult, (4) more than a half of all items have power to discriminate the examinees, (5) some items show fully-effective distractors, and (6) the test gives much information at -.40 of theta which means that the test is difficult for the grade XI students. Moreover, there is a wide gap between the content covered and the level of success.
An analysis of multiple choice questions (MCQs): Item and test statistics from mathematics assessments in senior high school
Authors: Kusumawati Mutiara , Hadi Samsul
Published: December 2018

The multiple-choice test is a common test format used in education. One of the purposes of this test is to evaluate the success of the learning process in a particular subject. Therefore, the efficiency of the evaluation depends on the quality of the test items used. This research was conducted in order to reveal the quality of the final mathematics examination items statistically. It was descriptive quantitative research employing two-parameter logistic (2pl) model of Item Response Theory (IRT). The data were obtained from the sample of 353 students established using the purposive sampling technique. This finding shows that 40% of the 35 items tested are very difficult, 60% are in the medium level, and there is no easy item. The most difficult material is the trigonometric calculation. The percentage of the item discrimination index is described as follows: 8.57% of the items are categorized as very low, 51.43% are categorized as low, 31.43% of the items have a medium item discrimination index value, 5.71% have a high item discrimination index value, and 2.86% of the items are categorized as very high. Moreover, the research found that all distractors functioned well. The highest information on ability θ = 0.4 with information function value of 5.38 and SEM = 0.6. This test is suitable for students with the ability of -1.42 θ 2.65.
QUEM SÃO OS ESTUDANTES DA CARREIRA DO MAGISTÉRIO?
Authors: Geglio Paulo César
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise e discussão a respeito do perfil social e econômico de estudantes concluintes dos cursos de licenciaturas das instituições de ensino superior brasileiras. Os dados foram coletados dos relatórios do Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (Enade), referentes aos anos de 2005, 2008, 2011 e 2014. Trata-se de uma análise comparativa das informações de cada edição do exame no que diz respeito às características socioeconômicas dos estudantes (idade, sexo, cor, renda familiar mensal, sustentação financeira, estado civil e atividade laboral). As informações foram capturadas nos relatórios-síntese, disponíveis no site do Inep.Concluímos que houve expressivo aumento na quantidade de estudantes desses cursos, um público majoritariamente feminino, trabalhador, com idade avançada em relação à faixa de 18 a 24 anos e com baixa renda familiar.
Apresentação
Authors: Oliveira Dalila Andrade , Souza Elizeu Clementino de
Published: December 2018

O Dossiê Políticas de educação e reestruturação da profissão docente que publicamos na Revista da FAEEBA – Educação e Contemporaneidade, parte de ação da pesquisa financiada pelo Edital 004/2015 – Cooperação Internacional da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), e busca socializar, em perspectiva comparada, a transformação da ação pública no campo educacional e seus efeitos sobre a configuração do trabalho e da profissão docente no Brasil, Argentina, Chile, França, Portugal e Espanha. O intuito é explorar as dinâmicas internas relacionadas com novos modos de compromisso e concepções de trabalho, assim como analisar os modelos de reforma e profissões que circulam internacionalmente e compreender como eles vêm sendo reproblematizados e traduzidos nos distintos contextos nacionais.
MANAGERIALISMO, AUTORITARISMO Y LA LUCHA POR EL ALMA DE LA GESTIÓN: EL CASO DE LAS ÚLTIMAS REFORMAS EN POLÍTICAS DE DIRECCIÓN ESCOLAR EN CHILE
Authors: Sisto Vicente
Published: December 2018

El Nuevo Management Público se ha constituido en el principal referente a la hora de construir políticas educativas a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, diversos estudios han mostrado que el managerialismo promovido por este modelo, se vincula fuertemente con la promoción del autoritarismo como modo de gestión. Chile ha sido considerado un caso emblemático de implementación del Nuevo Management Público en educación. Este artículo aborda cómo el managerialismo constituye a la posición del director de escuela en el caso chileno mediante el análisis de dos políticas educativas recientes: el Marco para la Buena Enseñanza y el Liderazgo Directivo, y la reciente Ley que fortalece las facultades de los directores de los establecimientos educacionales en materia de convivencia escolar. Como se podrá apreciar, los resultados confirman que los límites entre managerialismo y autoritarismo resultan difusos. Esto debería preocupar a investigadores y gestores políticos, considerando la amplia difusión de los modelos manageriales.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E FORMAS DE GESTÃO ESCOLAR: Relações escola-Estado e escola- comunidade
Authors: Nascente Renata Maria Moschen , Conti Celso Luiz Aparecido , Lima Emília Freitas de
Published: December 2018

O artigo analisa a visão de diretoras de escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental do estado de São Paulo sobre políticas públicas e determinações legais de âmbito federal. Focaliza as relações escola-Estado e escola-comunidade, buscando identificar a predominância de elementos típicos de formas de gestão burocrática, gerencial e emancipatória. Advém de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada por meio de questionário aplicado a sessenta e cinco diretoras. Os resultados revelam que a forma burocrática continua vigorosa, principalmente quanto ao verticalismo das decisões, marcadamente nas relações escola-Estado, enquanto nas relações escola-comunidade se verificam traços gerencialistas. Há, assim, uma área de interseção entre os fortes princípios da burocracia e os fracos princípios do gerencialismo. Os princípios da forma emancipatória de gestão não se revelaram explicitamente nos dados, ainda que se admita que a presença da participação na forma gerencial possa constituir um germe da forma emancipatória.
PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA EM ESCOLAS DE COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS: ações afirmativas na perspectiva de educação e diversidade
Authors: Menezes Dalva de Araújo , Martins Pura Lúcia Oliver , Romanowski Joana Paulin
Published: December 2018

Este artigo focaliza a prática pedagógica dos professores que atuam em escolas de comunidades quilombola. Toma como ponto de partida uma pesquisa realizada em escolas quilombolas situadas nos estados do Maranhão e do Piauí. A questão orientadora do estudo se expressa como: As práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelos professores das Comunidades Quilombolas expressam a articulação com essas comunidades com o movimento da educação e diversidade? Para a realização do estudo foi definido como objetivo geral analisar a prática pedagógica desenvolvida pelos professores das escolas em Comunidades Quilombolas, tendo em vista compreender essa prática na relação com os pressupostos da didática, considerando o contexto do movimento de educação e diversidade e as diretrizes da educação quilombola. A metodologia de abordagem qualitativa envolveu 11 professores em entrevistas, grupo focal, observação participante e análise documental. Nessas escolas a prática docente busca se aproximar da cultura das comunidades em que se situam e contém elementos didáticos recomendados nas diretrizes, ou seja, o estabelecimento de relação entre o conhecimento escolar e a cultura quilombola, ainda que em atividades eventuais que estão se inserindo no projeto pedagógico das escolas.
NOVOS ATORES INTERMEDIÁRIOS NA REGULAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Carvalho Luís Miguel , Viseu Sofia , Gonçalves Catarina
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa sobre dois atores que entraram recentemente na cena educativa portuguesa, pela via da filantropia e com o objetivo de apoiar, produzir e difundir conhecimento para melhorar as políticas públicas e informar as decisões dos cidadãos. Procurando analisar os produtos que materializam e operacionalizam a intervenção dos dois atores coletivos, o artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para a discussão sobre a emergência, a expansão e o papel deste tipo de atores no quadro dos processos de reconfiguração dos modos de regulação dos sistemas educativos e da intensificação da mobilização do conhecimento em política. A pesquisa baseou-se numa extensa análise documental e em entrevistas, evidenciando o modo como esses atores, que se apresentam como mediadores e peritos, atuam no espaço público, bem como as regras que conformam suas proposições sobre os sistemas educativos e acerca das melhores formas de governá-los.
A REESTRUTURAÇÃO DA PROFISSÃO DOCENTE NO CONTEXTO DA NOVA GESTÃO PÚBLICA NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Oliveira Dalila Andrade
Published: December 2018

O artigo discute mudanças ocorridas na profissão docente, nas duas últimas décadas no contexto latino-americano, com da introdução da Nova Gestão Pública (NGP). Procura demonstrar como os princípios da NGP vão se impondo na orientação das políticas públicas traduzindo-se em normas, procedimentos administrativos e em práticas que vão transformando valores e identidades junto aos profissionais docentes. Esse discurso penetra o campo da formação docente e das práticas profissionais no sistema educacional, revelando intencionalidades convergentes com os objetivos da reforma em relação aos processos escolares, determinando novas lógicas de organização e gestão que interferem nas relações de trabalho promovendo a reestruturação da profissão docente.
CRESCIMENTO E DISSEMINAÇÃO DE AVALIAÇÕES EM LARGA ESCALA E DE RESPONSABILIZAÇÕES BASEADAS EM TESTES: UMA SOCIOLOGIA POLÍTICA DAS REFORMAS EDUCACIONAIS GLOBAIS
Authors: Verger Antoni , Parcerisa Lluís , Fontdevila Clara
Published: December 2018

O Movimento de Reforma Educacional Global (Global Education Reform Movement –GERM) está se expandindo internacionalmente e alcançando países que aparentavam ser imunes a essa abordagem de reforma educacional até muito recentemente. Assim, os sistemas educacionais do mundo têm sido cada vez mais articulados em torno de três princípios políticos principais, a saber: responsabilização, padrões e descentralização. As avaliações nacionais em larga escala (National large-scale assessments – NLSAs) são um componente central do GERM; essas avaliações têm sido cada vez mais usadas para fins de responsabilização, bem como para garantir que as escolas alcancem e promovam padrões de aprendizado centralmente definidos e avaliáveis. Neste artigo, testamos essas premissas com base em um banco de dados novo e original sobre NLSAs, bem como em dados provenientes dos questionários do Programa de AvaliaçãoInternacional de Estudantes (Programme for International Students Assessment – PISA). Também discutimos como diferentes teorias sobre a disseminação/globalização de políticas explicam a disseminação internacional das NLSAs e da responsabilização baseada em testes em todo o mundo, além de refletirmos sobre o potencial de uma abordagem de sociologia política para analisar esse fenômeno globalizante.
LA AGENDA GLOBAL EDUCATIVA Y SU IMPACTO EN LA EQUIDAD: EL CASO DE ESPAÑA
Authors: Rodríguez-Martínez Carmen
Published: December 2018

La Agenda Global Educativa (AGE) actúa con reformas educativas instrumentales que están conduciendo a la convergencia de políticas educativas a nivel mundial.Sin cuestionar la hegemonía compartida entre la Agenda Global y los estado-nación nuestro interés se centra en analizar documentos oficiales y gubernamentales que tienen una influencia importante en Europa y América Latina (CUE, ONU, OEI,BM, CEPAL y OECD), contrastado con su influencia en las políticas educativas en España. Nuestro análisis se desarrolla en tres focos: los objetivos que plantea la AGE para conseguir la calidad educativa y la equidad, la traducción de estos objetivos en políticas educativas que atienden a un denominador común y las consecuencias de estas políticas educativas para la equidad. Algunas de las conclusiones apuntan que, existe una confianza desmedida en la educación para invertir la desigualdad económica y social, a la vez que ofrecen instrumentos cuantificables que proporcionan a gestores y políticos un supuesto control sobre la educación. Sin embargo, con los datos de informes y evaluaciones sobre los sistemas educativos las consecuencias de estas políticas educativas son un aumento de la desigualdad escolar y un empeoramiento de las condiciones de trabajo del profesorado
A Group-Based Online Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression (Sunnyside): Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Duffecy Jennifer , Grekin Rebecca , Hinkel Hannah , Gallivan Nicholas , Nelson Graham , O'Hara Michael W
Published: December 2018

Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) has a 20% 3-month prevalence rate. The consequences of PPD are significant for the mother, infant, and the family. There is a need for preventive interventions for PPD, which are effective and accessible; however, many barriers exist for women who attempt to access perinatal depression prevention programs. Internet interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression are widely accepted as efficacious and may overcome some of the issues pertaining to access to treatment barriers perinatal women face. However, internet interventions offered without any human support tend to have low adherence but positive outcomes for those who do complete treatment. Internet support groups often have high levels of adherence but minimal data supporting efficacy as a treatment for depression. Taken together, these findings suggest that combining the treatment components of individual interventions with the support provided by an internet support group might create an intervention with the scalability and cost-effectiveness of an individual intervention and the better outcomes typically found in supported interventions.

Objectives

This study aimed to describe the development of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) internet intervention with peer support to prevent PPD and examine preliminary depression and site usage outcomes.

Methods

User-centered design groups were used to develop the internet intervention. Once the intervention was developed, women who were 20 to 28 weeks pregnant with symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8 scores of 5-14) but who had no major depression diagnosis were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare 8 weeks of a CBT-based internet intervention with peer support to an individual internet intervention designed to prevent PPD. Assessments took place at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks (end of treatment), and then 4 weeks and 6 weeks postpartum.

Results

A total of 25 women were randomized. Of these, 24 women completed the RCT. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores at 6 weeks postpartum remained below the clinical threshold for referral for treatment in both groups, with depression measures showing a decrease in symptoms from baseline to postpartum. At 6 weeks postpartum, only 4% (1/24) met the criteria for PPD. There was no difference between groups in adherence to the intervention, with an average of 14.55 log-ins over the course of treatment.

Conclusions

Results suggest women were responsive to both peer support and individual internet interventions to prevent PPD and that peer support may be a useful feature to keep participants adherent.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02121015; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02121015 (archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/765a7qBKy)
Economic Evaluation of an Internet-Based Stress Management Intervention Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kählke Fanny , Buntrock Claudia , Smit Filip , Berking Matthias , Lehr Dirk , Heber Elena , Funk Burkhardt , Riper Heleen , Ebert David Daniel
Published: December 2018

Background

Work-related stress is widespread among employees and associated with high costs for German society. Internet-based stress management interventions (iSMIs) are effective in reducing such stress. However, evidence for their cost-effectiveness is scant.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of a guided iSMI for employees.

Methods

A sample of 264 employees with elevated symptoms of perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale≥22) was assigned to either the iSMI or a waitlist control condition (WLC) with unrestricted access to treatment as usual. Participants were recruited in Germany in 2013 and followed through 2014, and data were analyzed in 2017. The iSMI consisted of 7 sessions plus 1 booster session. It was based on problem-solving therapy and emotion regulation techniques. Costs were measured from the societal perspective, including all direct and indirect medical costs. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis and a cost-utility analysis relating costs to a symptom-free person and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, respectively. Sampling uncertainty was handled using nonparametric bootstrapping (N=5000).

Results

When the society is not willing to pay anything to get an additional symptom-free person (eg, willingness-to-pay [WTP]=€0), there was a 70% probability that the intervention is more cost-effective than WLC. This probability rose to 85% and 93% when the society is willing to pay €1000 and €2000, respectively, for achieving an additional symptom-free person. The cost-utility analysis yielded a 76% probability that the intervention is more cost-effective than WLC at a conservative WTP threshold of €20,000 (US $25,800) per QALY gained.

Conclusions

Offering an iSMI to stressed employees has an acceptable likelihood of being cost-effective compared with WLC.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00004749; https://www.drks.de/DRKS00004749

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1186/1471-2458-13-655
Effect of In-Utero Antibiotic Exposure on Childhood Outcomes: Methods and Baseline Data of the Fetal Antibiotic EXposure (FAX) Cohort Study
Authors: Koebnick Corinna , Tartof Sara Y , Sidell Margo A , Rozema Emily , Chung Joanie , Chiu Vicki Y , Taylor Zackary W , Xiang Anny H , Getahun Darios
Published: December 2018

Background

The widespread use of antepartum and intrapartum antibiotics has raised concerns about the possible disruption of the child’s gut microbiota and effects on the maturation from the infant to the adult microbiome. The Fetal Antibiotic EXposure (FAX) study provides a cohort to examine the association between in-utero exposure to antibiotics and adverse childhood outcomes including body weight, atopic diseases, and autism spectrum disorders and to investigate the role of other potential factors mitigating or moderating the risk for adverse outcomes.

Objective

The aim of this paper was to describe the methods, cohort characteristics, and retention of infants included in the study cohort.

Methods

For this retrospective cohort study, we included children born in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) hospitals between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, within 22 to 44 completed weeks of gestation with KPSC insurance coverage during the first year of life. Follow-up data collection was performed through electronic medical records.

Results

The study cohort was comprised 223,431 children of which 65.7% (146,720/223,431) were exposed to antibiotics in-utero: 19.0% (42,511/223,431) were exposed during the antepartum period, 30.0% (66,896/223,431) during the intrapartum period, and 16.7% (37,313/223,431) exposed during both the antepartum and intrapartum periods.

Conclusions

This cohort of children will provide a unique opportunity to address key questions regarding the long-term sequelae of in-utero exposure to antibiotics using real-world data. The high retention and multiple medical visits over time allow us to model the trajectories of body mass index over time.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/12065
Fast Prediction of Deterioration and Death Risk in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Vital Signs and Admission History: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhou Mi , Chen Chuan , Peng Junfeng , Luo Ching-Hsing , Feng Ding Yun , Yang Hailing , Xie Xiaohua , Zhou Yuqi
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has 2 courses with different options for medical treatment: the acute exacerbation phase and the stable phase. Stable patients can use the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) to guide treatment strategies. However, GOLD could not classify and guide the treatment of acute exacerbation as acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is a complex process.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aimed to propose a fast severity assessment and risk prediction approach in order to strengthen monitoring and medical interventions in advance.

METHODS

The proposed method uses a classification and regression tree (CART) and had been validated using the AECOPD inpatient’s medical history and first measured vital signs at admission that can be collected within minutes. We identified 552 inpatients with AECOPD from February 2011 to June 2018 retrospectively and used the classifier to predict the outcome and prognosis of this hospitalization.

RESULTS

The overall accuracy of the proposed CART classifier was 76.2% (83/109 participants) with 95% CI 0.67-0.84. The precision, recall, and F-measure for the mild AECOPD were 76% (50/65 participants), 82% (50/61 participants), and 0.79, respectively, and those with severe AECOPD were 75% (33/44 participants), 68% (33/48 participants), and 0.72, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

This fast prediction CART classifier for early exacerbation detection could trigger the initiation of timely treatment, thereby potentially reducing exacerbation severity and recovery time and improving the patients’ health.