bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injecting drug use is associated with a more rapid CD4 cell decline among treatment naïve HIV‐positive patients in Indonesia
Authors: Meijerink Hinta , Wisaksana Rudi , Iskandar Shelly , den Heijer Martin , van der Ven Andre J A M , Alisjahbana Bachti , van Crevel Reinout
Published: January 2014

Background

It remains unclear whether the natural course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) differs in subjects infected through injecting drug use (IDU) and no data have been published from low‐ or middle‐income countries. We addressed this question in an urban cohort in Indonesia, which is experiencing a rapidly growing HIV epidemic strongly driven by IDU.

Methods

All antiretroviral treatment (ART) naïve HIV‐positive patients who had at least two subsequent CD4 cell counts available before starting ART were included in this study. We examined the association between IDU and CD4 cell decline using a linear mixed model, with adjustment for possible confounders such as HIV viral load and hepatitis C antibodies.

Results

Among 284 HIV‐positive ART naïve patients, the majority were male (56%) with a history of IDU (79% among men). People with a history of IDU had a statistically significant faster decline in CD4 cells (p<0.001). Based on our data, patients with a history of IDU would have an average 33% decline in CD4 cells after one year without ART, compared with a 22% decline among non‐users. At two years, the decline would average 66 and 40%, respectively. No other factor was significantly associated with CD4 cell decline.

Conclusions

We show that a history of IDU is associated with a more rapid CD4 cell natural decline among HIV‐positive individuals in Indonesia. These findings have implications for monitoring ART naïve patients with a history of IDU and for starting ART in this group.
Introduction
Authors: Tsonkova Svetlana
Published: January 2014

Welcome to the third issue of Incantatio! At its core are the articles, mostly based on and developed from papers, delivered at the Charms Symposium of the 16th ISFNR congress, which took place in Vilnius, Lithuania in June 25th–30th 2013. Both the symposium and the whole congress were vibrant and productive academic events, and the articles reflect this active spirit. The issue also contains a review of a fresh new book on verbal magic, and a report from the above-mentioned charms symposium.
Frictional properties of exhumed fault gouges in DFDP‐1 cores, Alpine Fault, New Zealand
Authors: Boulton Carolyn , Moore Diane E. , Lockner David A. , Toy Virginia G. , Townend John , Sutherland Rupert
Published: January 2014

Principal slip zone gouges recovered during the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP‐1), Alpine Fault, New Zealand, were deformed in triaxial friction experiments at temperatures, T, of up to 350°C, effective normal stresses, σn′, of up to 156 MPa, and velocities between 0.01 and 3 µm/s. Chlorite/white mica‐bearing DFDP‐1A blue gouge, 90.62 m sample depth, is frictionally strong (friction coefficient, μ, 0.61–0.76) across all experimental conditions tested (T = 70–350°C, σn′ = 31.2–156 MPa); it undergoes a transition from positive to negative rate dependence as T increases past 210°C. The friction coefficient of smectite‐bearing DFDP‐1B brown gouge, 128.42 m sample depth, increases from 0.49 to 0.74 with increasing temperature and pressure (T = 70–210°C, σn′ = 31.2–93.6 MPa); the positive to negative rate dependence transition occurs as T increases past 140°C. These measurements indicate that, in the absence of elevated pore fluid pressures, DFDP‐1 gouges are frictionally strong under conditions representative of the seismogenic crust.
The seasonal climate predictability of the Atlantic Warm Pool and its teleconnections
Authors: Misra Vasubandhu , Li H.
Published: January 2014

Our study reveals that there is promising seasonal predictability of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP; defined as the area enclosed by the 28.5°C isotherm in tropical western Atlantic) and its associated teleconnections of late summer‐early fall seasonal rainfall anomalies over the continental US displayed by a subset of the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble (NMME). We find that of the four NMME models at least two models (CFSv2 and GFDL) exhibit consistently useful deterministic and probabilistic skill in predicting the July‐October (JASO) seasonal anomalies of the area of the AWP at lead times of up to four months. These two models shown are shown to beat the observed persistence skill by a significant margin at all lead times with the exception of lead time zero. The two NMME models also skillfully predict the teleconnections of the JASO AWP anomalies with the corresponding seasonal JASO rainfall anomalies in the eastern Mississippi valley. These prediction skills are significant improvement in warm season rainfall predictability over the continental US.
Signals of solar cosmic ray flux variations inferred from the noise in raw CCD solar images taken by SOHO/EIT
Authors: Oh Suyeon , Park Hyungmin , Yi Yu , Chae Jongchul
Published: January 2014

The noise embedded in the raw data in one scientific discipline has sometimes been proven to be a valuable signal for another discipline, and there are examples throughout science history. The solar images taken by the solid state detectors (CCDs) of the Sun monitoring satellites are usually cleaned by removing the traces of cosmic rays on the raw CCD data files. Thus, while applying the method of removing the cosmic ray traces, we may be able to estimate the cosmic ray flux by counting the number of traces. The net cosmic ray flux is the sum of galactic cosmic rays and solar‐originating particles. The latter are seen as highly transient flux changes related to solar eruptions. We can identify this kind of “cosmic ray” event from the association with phenomena revealed in processed solar images, and we show this using the data of SOHO/extreme ultraviolet imaging telescope (EIT). On the other hand, the estimated cosmic ray flux in the steady state is anticorrelated with solar cycle sunspot number. The profiles of estimated solar cosmic ray flux showing significant increase are found to be strongly correlated with the ground neutron monitor ground level enhancements. Additionally, the profile of estimated cosmic ray flux is consistent with that of the GOES P6 channel. It indicates that the particles with energy higher than 80 MeV may mainly produce the tracks on CCD of EIT. In conclusion, the raw solar images are valuable data for estimating both long‐term cosmic ray variations and transient solar particles events.
Sub‐100‐nm Sized Silver Split Ring Resonator Metamaterials with Fundamental Magnetic Resonance in the Middle Visible Spectrum
Authors: Tobing Landobasa Y. M. , Tjahjana Liliana , Zhang Dao Hua , Zhang Qing , Xiong Qihua
Published: January 2014

Split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterials working in the visible spectrum have great potential applications, but their fabrication is challenging due to the stringent requirements in the feature size and critical dimension. This paper reports fabrication and systematic characterization of silver SRRs with sub‐100‐nm sizes that can have magnetic resonance entering into the visible frequency spectrum. SRR size as small as ∼60 nm and fundamental magnetic resonance (LC‐resonance) as short as ∼604 nm have been successfully demonstrated, which to the best of our knowledge represent the smallest fabricated SRR and the shortest LC‐resonance based on SRR geometry. The resonance wavelengths of the LC and plasmon modes of the sub‐100‐nm SRRs are found to linearly decrease with SRR size. Excellent agreement between LC‐model and experimental data is obtained when the capacitance of the sub‐100‐nm SRRs is interpreted as capacitance between two spheres instead of between two parallel plates.
Axoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release causes secondary degeneration of spinal axons
Authors: Stirling David P. , Cummins Karen , Wayne Chen S. R. , Stys Peter
Published: January 2014

Objective

Transected axons of the central nervous system fail to regenerate and instead die back away from the lesion site, resulting in permanent disability. Although both intrinsic (eg, microtubule instability, calpain activation) and extrinsic (ie, macrophages) processes are implicated in axonal dieback, the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Furthermore, the precise mechanisms that cause delayed “bystander” loss of spinal axons, that is, ones that were not directly damaged by the initial insult, but succumbed to secondary degeneration, remain unclear. Our goal was to evaluate the role of intra‐axonal Ca2+ stores in secondary axonal degeneration following spinal cord injury.

Methods

We developed a 2‐photon laser‐induced spinal cord injury model to follow morphological and Ca2+ changes in live myelinated spinal axons acutely following injury.

Results

Transected axons “died back” within swollen myelin or underwent synchronous pan‐fragmentation associated with robust Ca2+ increases. Spared fibers underwent delayed secondary bystander degeneration. Reducing Ca2+ release from axonal stores mediated by ryanodine and inositol triphosphate receptors significantly decreased axonal dieback and bystander injury. Conversely, a gain‐of‐function ryanodine receptor 2 mutant or pharmacological treatments that promote axonal store Ca2+ release worsened these events.

Interpretation

Ca2+ release from intra‐axonal Ca2+ stores, distributed along the length of the axon, contributes significantly to secondary degeneration of axons. This refocuses our approach to protecting spinal white matter tracts, where emphasis has been placed on limiting Ca2+ entry from the extracellular space across cell membranes, and emphasizes that modulation of axonal Ca2+ stores may be a key pharmacotherapeutic goal in spinal cord injury. Ann Neurol 2014;75:220–229
Ecosystem Services and Environmental Governance: Comparing China and the U.S.
Authors: Costanza Robert , Liu Shuang
Published: January 2014

The concept of ecosystem services (the benefits people derive from functioning ecosystems) is beginning to change the way we view the relationship between humans and the rest of nature. To the extent that we view humanity as embedded in and interdependent with the rest of nature, rather than viewing nature as separate from people or even as an adversary, our whole approach to environmental research, governance and management changes. These ongoing changes are discussed with reference to the evolving situations in China and the United States. The most significant effects on governance are the needs to shift to a more transparent and participatory approach and a broader recognition of the public goods/common property characteristics of ecosystems and their services. The main questions are: (i) to what extent do prevailing governance arrangements in China and the United States facilitate and/or hinder efforts to effectively manage ecosystem services?; and (ii) are there adjustments that are both politically feasible and likely to make a difference in these terms? We conclude that while China and the United States represent two almost polar opposite starting points, especially as concerns property rights, there is significant convergence, and the concept of ecosystem services can help accelerate this positive trend.
Simultaneous and comprehensive in vivo analysis of cytochrome P450 activity by using a cocktail approach in rats
Authors: Uchida Shinya , Tanaka Shimako , Namiki Noriyuki
Published: January 2014

A cocktail approach can detect the activities of multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms following the administration of multiple CYP‐specific substrates in a single experiment. This study aimed to develop a simultaneous and comprehensive in vivo analysis of CYP activity in rats. The rats received an oral administration of losartan (10 mg/kg) and omeprazole (40 mg/kg). Caffeine (1 mg/kg), dextromethorphan (10 mg/kg) and midazolam (10 mg/kg) were administered 15 min later. In the drug‐interaction phase, the rats were treated orally with dexamethasone (80 mg/kg) 24 h before, or with ketoconazole (10 mg/kg), fluvoxamine (100 mg kg) or fluconazole (10 mg/kg) 1 h before the administration of cocktail drugs. The concentrations of the drugs and their metabolites were determined by LC/MS/MS. Plasma concentrations of five CYP substrates and their metabolites were simultaneously evaluated after the oral drug administration. Fluvoxamine and fluconazole significantly increased the Cmax and AUC of caffeine, and the AUC of omeprazole and midazolam. Dexamethasone significantly increased Cmax and AUC of losartan, while it decreased the Cmax of midazolam. Ketoconazole showed no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of the tested drugs. In conclusion, a cocktail approach was developed for simultaneous and comprehensive analysis of the activities of multiple CYP isoforms in rats. In this approach, the effects of inhibitors and an inducer of various CYP isoforms were examined. Although further studies are necessary to predict the effects in humans, this approach may be expected to serve as a convenient method for detecting drug–drug interactions in rats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Difference in Developmental Toxicity Among Structurally Similar N‐Phenylimide Herbicides in Rats and Rabbits
Authors: Kawamura Satoshi , Kato Terushige , Kannan Noboru , Fantel Alan G.
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND

S‐53482 is an N‐phenylimide herbicide and shows a remarkable species difference in developmental toxicity between rats and rabbits. The herbicide produced embryolethality, teratogenicity (mainly ventricular septal defects and wavy ribs), and growth retardation in rats, but not in rabbits. Our objective in this study was to investigate differences in developmental toxicity among N‐phenylimide compounds structurally similar to S‐53482 to better characterize the developmental effects of S‐53482 on rat and rabbit embryos as part of research investigation to elucidate a mechanism of rat developmental toxicity produced by S‐53482. This paper is part of a series of studies to be published serially.

METHODS

S‐23121 or S‐23031, both of which are structurally similar to S‐53482, was orally administered to rats and rabbits during fetal organogenesis. Fetuses were obtained by cesarian section and examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations.

RESULTS

S‐23121 produced the similar pattern of developmental toxicity such as embryolethality, teratogenicity, and growth retardation in rats. In contrast, S‐23031 showed no developmental toxicity at 1500 mg/kg. Rabbits were insensitive to all study compounds.

CONCLUSIONS

The difference in developmental toxicity in rats was striking among N‐phenylimide herbicides. The mechanism of action of developmental toxicity by S‐53482 should account for the compound‐specific difference as well as species difference between rats and rabbits.
A measurement and modeling study of temperature in living and fixed tissue during and after radiofrequency exposure
Authors: Bermingham Jacqueline F. , Chen Yuen Y. , McIntosh Robert L. , Wood Andrew W.
Published: January 2014

Fluorescent intensity of the dye Rhodamine‐B (Rho‐B) decreases with increasing temperature. We show that in fresh rat brain tissue samples in a custom‐made radiofrequency (RF) tissue exposure device, temperature rise due to RF radiation as measured by absorbed dye correlates well with temperature measured nearby by fiber optic probes. Estimates of rate of initial temperature rise (using both probe measurement and the dye method) accord well with estimates of local specific energy absorption rate (SAR). We also modeled the temperature characteristics of the exposure device using combined electromagnetic and finite‐difference thermal modeling. Although there are some differences in the rate of cooling following cessation of RF exposure, there is reasonable agreement between modeling and both probe measurement and dye estimation of temperature. The dye method also permits measurement of regional temperature rise (due to RF). There is no clear evidence of local differential RF absorption, but further refinement of the method may be needed to fully clarify this issue. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:181–191, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Europäische Bemessungsregeln für Doppelkopfanker als Durchstanzbewehrung
Authors: Ricker Marcus , Häusler Frank
Published: January 2014

Doppelkopfanker können als Durchstanzbewehrung in Deckenplatten, Bodenplatten und Einzelfundamenten aus Stahl‐ und Spannbeton verwendet werden. Aufgrund ihrer schlupfarmen Verankerung erreichen Doppelkopfanker im Vergleich zu Bügeln höhere Durchstanzlasten. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist der im Vergleich zu konventioneller Durchstanzbewehrung geringere Verlegeaufwand und eine daraus resultierende Kostenersparnis. Bisher wurde in den meisten europäischen Ländern die Anwendung von Doppelkopfankern als Durchstanzbewehrung durch nationale Zulassungen geregelt. Seit Ende 2012 sind die ersten Europäischen Technischen Zulassungen (ETAs) verfügbar. Diese Zulassungen basieren alle auf dem gleichen Bemessungskonzept, das für eine Anwendung in Verbindung mit EN 1992‐1‐1 entwickelt wurde.

Grundsätzlich ist ein Durchstanzversagen von Platten ohne und mit Durchstanzbewehrung zu unterscheiden. In Deckenplatten und Fundamenten mit Durchstanzbewehrung kann ein Versagen inner‐ und außerhalb der durchstanzbewehrten Zone sowie bei Erreichen der Maximaltragfähigkeit auftreten. Die ETAs geben Gleichungen für jede dieser möglichen Versagensarten an. Das Sicherheitsniveau dieser Bemessungsregeln wird anhand eigener Durchstanzversuche und Versuchen aus der Literatur überprüft. Weiterhin werden die Hintergründe zu den einzelnen Regelungen erläutert und Empfehlungen für die praktische Anwendung gegeben.

European Technical Approvals provisions for double‐headed studs at shear reinforcement

Double‐headed studs are used as punching shear reinforcement in reinforced or pre‐stressed slabs and footings. Due to an improved anchoring behaviour, double‐headed studs have a higher load capacity than stirrups. Double‐headed studs are quick to install and are therefore more cost‐effective than stirrups. Previously in Europe, national technical approvals specified the design of double‐headed studs. Since the end of 2012, European technical approvals (ETAs) have been available. All approvals are based on the same design method, which is used in combination with EN 1992‐1‐1. It is necessary to distinguish between punching shear failure in slabs and foundations with and without shear reinforcement. In slabs and foundations with shear reinforcement, a failure can occur at maximum load level, in and outside the shear‐reinforced zone. The ETAs provide design equations for all types of failure modes. To quantify the safety level of the design provisions for slabs, footings, and ground slabs with and without shear reinforcement, test evaluations based on a reliable data bank are shown. The paper also provides useful background information and additional design recommendations for applications which are not covered by the design provisions of the ETAs.
Vergleich der nationalen Anhänge der EN 1992‐1‐1 zum Thema Querkraft und Durchstanzen
Authors: Walraven Joost , Gmainer Susanne
Published: January 2014

Der Eurocode 2 (EN 1992‐1‐1) beschäftigt sich mit der Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetontragwerken. Eine eingehende Betrachtung und der Vergleich der nationalen Anhänge sind notwendig, um die Unterschiede der national festgelegten Berechnungsparameter zu verifizieren. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die gegenwärtige Situation und zeigt die wesentlichen Unterschiede der nationalen Anhänge der EN 1992‐1‐1 zu den Themen Querkraft und Durchstanzen auf.

Shear and Punching Shear verifications in comparison to the national annexes of the Eurocode 2

In order to get the Eurocodes accepted, it was necessary to allow national choices with regard to parameters where no agreement between the countries involved could be reached. For the part EN 1992‐1‐1 “Design of concrete structures – Part I: General rules and rules for buildings” altogether 121 parameters have been defined which are subject to national choices. A comparison of the national choices can show where in future easily agreement can be reached. On the other hand parameters can be identified for which significant disagreement exist, which invites to further discussions and even research. In this paper, as an experiment, the nationally defined parameters of 18 countries are compared for the chapters on shear and punching, which subjects are now, for several reasons, again in the centre of interest.
ChemInform Abstract: A Co‐Catalyst‐Loaded Ta3N5 Photoanode with a High Solar Photocurrent for Water Splitting upon Facile Removal of the Surface Layer.
Authors: Li Mingxue , Luo Wenjun , Cao Dapeng , Zhao Xin , Li Zhaosheng , Yu Tao , Zou Zhigang
Published: January 2014

Ta3N5 photoelectrodes are prepared by oxidation of Ta foils at 550—610 °C in air followed by nitridation at 850 °C in flowing NH3.
ChemInform Abstract: Elusive 2‐Aminofuran Diels—Alder Substrates for a Straightforward Synthesis of Polysubstituted Anilines.
Authors: Neo Ana G. , Bornadiego Ana , Diaz Jesus , Marcaccini Stefano , Marcos Carlos F.
Published: January 2014

The first multicomponent coupling of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds (I), isocyanides (II) and dienophiles such as maleimides or maleic anhydride (III), based on trapping of unstable intermediate 2‐aminofurans, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Amides: Synthesis of N‐Arylacrylamides and 4‐Amido‐N‐phenylbenzamides.
Authors: Quan Zheng‐Jun , Xia Hai‐Dong , Zhang Zhang , Da Yu‐Xia , Wang Xi‐Cun
Published: January 2014

A novel method using CuSO4/sodium ascorbate as the catalyst system allows the synthesis of various secondary amides including the title amides, which are difficult to obtain by classical methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Squarylium Alkylamide Family and Its Organogelation Ability.
Authors: Ohsedo Yutaka , Miyamoto Misao , Tanaka Akihiro , Watanabe Hisayuki
Published: January 2014

The organogelation ability of the new squarylium mono‐ and dialkylamides (I) and (II) in DMF is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Atropodiastereoselective C—H Olefination of Biphenyl p‐Tolyl Sulfoxides with Acrylates.
Authors: Wesch Thomas , Leroux Frederic R. , Colobert Francoise
Published: January 2014

The study shows a proof for the concept that sulfoxides are used both as a directing group and a chiral auxiliary.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,2′‐Bipyrrole‐5‐carboxaldehydes and Their Application in the Synthesis of B‐Ring Functionalized Prodiginines and Tambjamines.
Authors: Kancharla Papireddy , Reynolds Kevin A.
Published: January 2014

Several synthetic routes for the synthesis of 3‐ and 4‐substituted 2,2′‐bipyrrole‐5‐carboxaldehydes are developed and the products are utilized to synthesize B‐ring functionalized prodiginines [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis of Indole cis‐Enamides via Hydroamidation of Indolic Alkynes.
Authors: Dickson Emma , Copp Brent R. , Barker David
Published: January 2014

The selective synthesis of indolic cis‐enamides (VII) and (IX) via ruthenium‐catalyzed hydroamination of indole acetylenes (IV) with primary amides (V) and (VIII), resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbazoles via One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Amine Insertion into Cyclic Diphenyleneiodoniums as a Strategy to Generate a Drug‐Like Chemical Library.
Authors: Zhu Daqian , Liu Qi , Luo Bingling , Chen Meihui , Pi Rongbiao , Huang Peng , Wen Shijun
Published: January 2014

Carbazole (IIIc) shows an outstanding ability to protect HT‐22 neuronal cells from the damage induced by neurotoxins glutamate and homocysteic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast CO2 Sequestration, Activation, and Catalytic Transformation Using N‐Heterocyclic Olefins.
Authors: Wang Yan‐Bo , Wang Yi‐Ming , Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Lu Xiao‐Bing
Published: January 2014

This method uses a N‐heterocyclic olefin/carbon dioxide adduct as organocatalyst for the synthesis of dioxolane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and in vitro hMAO‐B Inhibitory Evaluation of Some 1‐Methyl‐3,5‐diphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazoles.
Authors: Fioravanti Rossella , Desideri Nicoletta , Biava Mariangela , Proietti Monaco Luca , Grammatica Laura , Yanez Matilde
Published: January 2014

The synthesis of 30 title compounds of type (III) or (VI) is outlined and the compounds are screened for their inhibitory efficacy towards the two hMAO isoforms.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some N‐Arylpyrazoles and Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyridazines as Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: El‐Sabbagh Osama I. , Mostafa Samia , Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. , Ibrahim Hany S. , Elaasser Mahmoud M.
Published: January 2014

A series of pyrazole bis‐chalcone derivatives (V) and pyrazolopyridazines (VI) and (VIII) are synthesized from diacetylpyrazoles (III) and evaluated for their antiinflammatory, ulcerogenic and cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Single Crystal Structure and Performance of N‐Substituted Derivatives of Dinitroimidazole.
Authors: Hou Kehui , Ma Congming , Liu Zuliang
Published: January 2014

The title compounds are synthesized for the application as energetic materials via a simple and scalable method without complicated purification procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbene Adduct of Cyclopalladated Ferrocenylimine‐Assisted Synthesis of Aminopyridine Derivatives by the Amination of Chloropyridines with Primary and Secondary Amines.
Authors: Mu Bing , Li Jingya , Wu Yangjie
Published: January 2014

This presents a catalyst for the Buchwald‐Hartwig amination of chloropyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: 4,4′′‐Disubstituted Terpyridines and Their Homoleptic FeII Complexes.
Authors: Harzmann Gero D. , Neuburger Markus , Mayor Marcel
Published: January 2014

A novel route to title compounds (III) by Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of N‐Aryl Imines.
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Qiang , Liu Ji‐Dan , Xu Hao
Published: January 2014

A new method for the trifluoromethylation of 8‐aminoquinoline derived N‐aryl imines, generated in situ, without the use of fluoride or HF‐based activators is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Carbocyclization—Ketonization Cascade: Selective Synthesis of Quinolinones.
Authors: Xie Peng , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Deng Guo‐Bo , Song Ren‐Jie , Xia Jia‐Dong , Hu Ming , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: January 2014

A wide range of quinolinones is prepared using carbocyclization of α‐C(sp3)‐H bonds of amides with alkynes followed by ketonization of the alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to Chiral N‐Heterocycles Bearing a C—F Stereogenic Center via Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Fluorinated Isoquinolines.
Authors: Guo Ran‐Ning , Cai Xian‐Feng , Shi Lei , Ye Zhi‐Shi , Chen Mu‐Wang , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: January 2014

The first successful example of an asymmetric hydrogenation of fluorinated heteroaromatics with high chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Intramolecular Carbocyanation of Activated Alkenes: Functionalized Nitriles Bearing β‐Quaternary Carbon Centers.
Authors: Chen Jianming , Zou Gongfeng , Liao Weiwei
Published: January 2014

This new title reaction provides an easy and facile access to a wide range of different functionalized quinoline and isoquinoline derivatives from readily available starting materials under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaloid Inspired Spirocyclic Oxindoles from 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Pyridinium Ylides.
Authors: Day Jonathan , Uroos Maliha , Castledine Richard A. , Lewis William , McKeever‐Abbas Ben , Dowden James
Published: January 2014

Cycloaddition reactions between pyridinium ylides and 3‐alkenyl oxindoles (I) proceed in high yields and with good regio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Oxidative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions: An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo‐ and Imidazo‐[2,1‐a]isoquinolines.
Authors: Feng Chengtao , Su Ji‐Hu , Yan Yizhe , Guo Fengfeng , Wang Zhiyong
Published: January 2014

The cobalt‐catalyzed reaction of tetrahydroquinoline (I) with in situ generated aldimines leads to 5,6‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines (III), whilst the reaction of tetrahydroquinolines (IV) with N‐tosyl aldimines as dipolarophiles affords a variety of hexahydroimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpenoids from the Stem Bark of Melia toosendan and Determination of Their Absolute Configurations at C(24)
Authors: Zhang Yi , Tang Chun‐Ping , Ke Chang‐Qiang , Yao Sheng , Ye Yang
Published: January 2014

isolation and structure elucidation of meliasenins S‐X
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies of New Mannich Base Derivatives of Polyether Antibiotic—Lasalocid Acid.
Authors: Huczynski Adam , Rutkowski Jacek , Borowicz Izabela , Wietrzyk Joanna , Maj Ewa , Brzezinski Bogumil
Published: January 2014

7 Title compounds of type (IV) are prepared whereby, (IVb‐c) show very good anticancer activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Low Density Hydrous Iron Oxide via Conformal Transformation of MIL‐53(Fe).
Authors: Marken Frank , et al. et al.
Published: January 2014

Crystalline MIL‐53(Fe), (Fe(OH)(bdc)·DMF, bdc: 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate), reacts within seconds with 0.1M aqueous NaOH at room temperature in a hydrolytic transformation to give low density hydrous iron oxide and hematite products with the crystal shape maintained but of complete amorphous nature.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Phase Extraction for the Speciation and Preconcentration of Inorganic Selenium in Water Samples: A Review
Authors: Herrero Latorre C. , Barciela Garcia J. , Garcia Martin S. , Pena Crecente R. M.
Published: January 2014

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Acidity of Zeolites: Concepts, Measurements and Relation to Catalysis: A Review on Experimental and Theoretical Methods for the Study of Zeolite Acidity
Authors: Derouane E. G. , Vedrine J. C. , Pinto R. Ramos , Borges P. M. , Costa L. , Lemos M. A. N. D. A. , Lemos F. , Ribeiro F. Ramoa
Published: January 2014

Review: 365 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of MM′X (M = Mn, M′ = 3d or 4d Metal, X = P, As, Si, Ge) Compounds with Hexagonal or Orthorhombic Crystal Structure
Authors: Zach Ryszard , Tobola Janusz , Chajec Wieslaw , Fruchart Daniel , Ono Fumihisa
Published: January 2014

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bipolar Electrochemistry
Authors: Fosdick Stephen E. , Knust Kyle N. , Scida Karen , Crooks Richard M.
Published: January 2014

Review: 125 ref.
Optimizing bladder cancer locoregional failure risk stratification after radical cystectomy using SWOG 8710
Authors: Christodouleas John P. , Baumann Brian C. , He Jiwei , Hwang Wei‐Ting , Tucker Kai N. , Bekelman Justin E. , Tangen Catherine M. , Lerner Seth P. , Guzzo Thomas J. , Malkowicz S. Bruce
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND

Clinical trials of radiation after radical cystectomy (RC) and chemotherapy for bladder cancer are in development, but inclusion and stratification factors have not been clearly established. In this study, the authors evaluated and refined a published risk stratification for locoregional failure (LF) by applying it to a multicenter patient cohort.

METHODS

The original stratification, which was developed using a single‐institution series, produced 3 subgroups with significantly different LF risk based on pathologic tumor (pT) classification and the number of lymph nodes identified. This model was then applied to patients in Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) 8710, a randomized trial of RC with or without chemotherapy. LF was defined as any pelvic failure before or within 3 months of distant failure.

RESULTS

Patients in the development cohort and the SWOG cohort had significantly different baseline characteristics. The original risk model was not fully validated in the SWOG cohort, because lymph node yield was not as strongly associated with LF as in the development cohort. Regression analysis indicated that margin status could improve the model. A revised stratification using pT classification, margin status, and the number of lymph nodes identified produced 3 subgroups with significantly different LF risk in both cohorts: low risk (≤pT2), intermediate risk (≥pT3 with negative margins AND ≥10 lymph nodes identified), and high risk (≥pT3 with positive margins OR <10 lymph nodes identified) with 5‐year LF rates of 8%, 20%, and 41%, respectively, in the SWOG cohort and 8%, 19%, and 41%, respectively, in the development cohort.

CONCLUSIONS

A model incorporating pT classification, margin status, and the number of lymph nodes identified stratified LF risk in 2 different RC populations and may inform the design of future trials. Cancer 2014;120:1272–1280. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Elevated levels of mitochondrion‐associated autophagy inhibitor LRPPRC are associated with poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Jiang Xianhan , Li Xun , Huang Hai , Jiang Funeng , Lin Zhuoyuan , He Huichan , Chen Yanru , Yue Fei , Zou Jing , He Yongzhong , You Pan , Wang Wenwei , Yang Weiqing , Zhao Haibo , Lai Yiming , Wang Fen , Zhong Weide , Liu Leyuan
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND

Autophagy has recently been found to play important roles in tumorigenesis and leucine‐rich pentatricopeptide repeat motif‐containing protein (LRPPRC) has been identified as an inhibitor that suppresses autophagy and mitophagy and maintains mitochondrial activity. The authors hypothesized that LRPPRC levels can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.

METHODS

Immunochemistry analysis was performed to evaluate the levels of LRPPRC in 112 samples collected from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) and 38 samples from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who were enrolled in hospitals in Guangzhou City, China and were followed for 10 years.

RESULTS

Significantly higher levels of LRPPRC were found in PCa samples compared with BPH samples. Greater than 75% of patients with PCa demonstrated high levels of LRPPRC whereas only 10% of patients with BPH were found to have similar levels of LRPPRC. The levels of LRPPRC were found to be positively correlated with tumor grade, metastasis, and serum prostate‐specific antigen level, but were negatively correlated with hormone therapy sensitivity after 2 years of surgery and overall survival. The association between high levels of LRPPRC and late‐stage PCa or hormone therapy insensitivity was confirmed in tissue samples collected from prostate‐specific phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)‐/‐ mice or hormone‐dependent and hormone‐independent PCa cell lines.

CONCLUSIONS

LRPPRC levels may be used as an independent biomarker for patients with PCa at a late stage with poor prognosis. Cancer 2014;120:1228–1236. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A compressive sensing‐based network tomography approach to estimating origin–destination flow traffic in large‐scale backbone networks
Authors: Nie Laisen , Jiang Dingde
Published: January 2014

A traffic matrix can exhibit the volume of network traffic from origin nodes to destination nodes. It is a critical input parameter to network management and traffic engineering, and thus it is necessary to obtain accurate traffic matrix estimates. Network tomography method is widely used to reconstruct end‐to‐end network traffic from link loads and routing matrix in a large‐scale Internet protocol backbone networks. However, it is a significant challenge because solving network tomography model is an ill‐posed and under‐constrained inverse problem. Compressive sensing reconstruction algorithms have been well known as efficient and precise approaches to deal with the under‐constrained inference problem. Hence, in this paper, we propose a compressive sensing‐based network traffic reconstruction algorithm. Taking into account the constraints in compressive sensing theory, we propose an approach for constructing a novel network tomography model that obeys the constraints of compressive sensing. In the proposed network tomography model, a framework of measurement matrix according to routing matrix is proposed. To obtain optimal traffic matrix estimates, we propose an iteration algorithm to solve the proposed model. Numerical results demonstrate that our method is able to pursuit the trace of each origin–destination flow faithfully. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of air temperature on the first flowering date of Prunus yedoensis Matsum
Authors: Shi Peijian , Chen Zhenghong , Yang Qingpei , Harris Marvin K. , Xiao Mei
Published: January 2014

Climate change is expected to have a significant effect on the first flowering date (FFD) in plants flowering in early spring. Prunus yedoensis Matsum is a good model plant for analyzing this effect. In this study, we used a degree day model to analyze the effect of air temperatures on the FFDs of P. yedoensis at Wuhan University from a long‐time series from 1951 to 2012. First, the starting date (=7 February) is determined according to the lowest correlation coefficient between the FFD and the daily average accumulated degree days (ADD). Second, the base temperature (=−1.2°C) is determined according to the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) between the observed and predicted FFDs based on the mean of 62‐year ADDs. Finally, based on this combination of starting date and base temperature, the daily average ADD of every year was calculated. Performing a linear fit of the daily average ADD to year, we find that there is an increasing trend that indicates climate warming from a biological climatic indicator. In addition, we find that the minimum annual temperature also has a significant effect on the FFD of P. yedoensis using the generalized additive model. This study provides a method for analyzing the climate change on the FFD in plants' flowering in early spring.
Litter loss triggers estrus in a nonsocial seasonal breeder
Authors: Steyaert Sam M. J. G. , Swenson Jon E. , Zedrosser Andreas
Published: January 2014

Sexually selected infanticide (SSI) is often presumed to be rare among seasonal breeders, because it would require a near immediate return to estrus after the loss of an entire litter during the mating season. We evaluated changes in reproductive strategies and the reproductive fate of females that experienced litter loss during the mating season in a seasonal breeder with strong evidence for SSI, the brown bear. First, we used a long‐term demographic dataset (1986–2011) to document that a large majority of females (>91%) that lose their entire litter during the mating season in fact do enter estrus, mate, and give birth during the subsequent birthing season. Second, we used high‐resolution movement data (2005–2011) to evaluate how females changed reproductive strategies after losing their entire litter during the mating season. We hypothesized that females would shift from the sedentary lifestyle typical for females with cubs‐of‐the‐year to a roam‐to‐mate behavior typical for receptive females in no more than a few (~3) days after litter loss. We found that females with cubs‐of‐the‐year moved at about 1/3 of the rate and in a less bimodal diurnal pattern than receptive females during the mating season. The probability of litter loss was positively related with movement rate, suggesting that being elusive and sedentary is a strategy to enhance cub survival rather than a relic of cub mobility itself. The movement patterns of receptive females and females after litter loss were indistinguishable within 1–2 days after the litter loss, and we illustrate that SSI can significantly reduce the female interbirth interval (50–85%). Our results suggest that SSI can also be advantageous for males in seasonally breeding mammals. We propose that infanticide as a male reproductive strategy is more prevalent among mammals with reproductive seasonality than observed or reported.
GB3D – a framework for the bedrock geology of Great Britain
Authors: Mathers S. J. , Terrington R. L. , Waters C. N. , Leslie A. G.
Published: January 2014

In 2011, the British Geological Survey (BGS) decided to begin the assembly of a National Geological Model (NGM) from its existing and on‐going geological framework models comprising integrated national crustal, bedrock, and Quaternary models. The bedrock component is the most advanced of these themes and comprises both the calculated models and a complementary network of cross sections that provide a fence diagram for the bedrock geology of Great Britain. This fence diagram, the GB3D_v2012 dataset, is the subject of this article and is available in a variety of formats from the BGS website (www.bgs.ac.uk) as free downloads. It complements the existing 1:625 000 scale map sheets published by BGS utilizing the same colour schema and geological classification. The 121 component cross sections extend to depths between 1.5 and 6 km; they have an aggregate length of over 20 000 km, and they are snapped together at their intersections to ensure total consistency. The sections are guided by the existing BGS geological framework models where they cut through them; they also take account of the vast wealth of published data on the subsurface structure of Britain both from BGS and in the literature. Much of this is in the form of cross sections, contour maps of surfaces, and thicknesses (isopachs). The fence diagram has been built in the Geological Surveying and Investigation in 3D (GSI3D) software. Utilizing the cross sections and the coverages of the geological units simple 3D volumes can be calculated for the less deformed sedimentary strata. It is envisaged that this dataset will form a useful educational resource for geoscience students and the general public, and also provide the bedrock geology context and structure for regional and catchment scale studies.
Comment on ‘ShangS. 2012. Calculating actual crop evapotranspiration under soil water stress conditions with appropriate numerical methods and time step. Hydrological Processes26: 3338–3343. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.8405’
Authors: Yatheendradas Soni , Narapusetty Balachandrudu , Peters‐Lidard Christa , Funk Christopher , Verdin James
Published: January 2014

A previous study analyzed errors in the numerical calculation of actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) under soil water stress. Assuming no irrigation or precipitation, it constructed equations for ETa over limited soil‐water ranges in a root zone drying out due to evapotranspiration. It then used a single crop‐soil composite to provide recommendations about the appropriate usage of numerical methods under different values of the time step and the maximum crop evapotranspiration (ETc). This comment reformulates those ETa equations for applicability over the full range of soil water values, revealing a dependence of the relative error in numerical ETa on the initial soil water that was not seen in the previous study. It is shown that the recommendations based on a single crop‐soil composite can be invalid for other crop‐soil composites. Finally, a consideration of the numerical error in the time‐cumulative value of ETa is discussed besides the existing consideration of that error over individual time steps as done in the previous study. This cumulative ETa is more relevant to the final crop yield. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Evaluating the fakability of a conditional reasoning test of addiction proneness
Authors: Bowler Jennifer L. , Bowler Mark C.
Published: January 2014

The quest to assess personality objectively is riddled with challenges. However, conditional reasoning (CR) methodology takes an innovative approach to personality measurement by indirectly evaluating the cognitive biases associated with specific dispositional traits. In addition to demonstrating strong criterion‐related validities, the CR format has been shown to be more resistant to response distortion than traditional self‐report measures so long as indirect measurement is maintained. The present study evaluated the necessity of maintaining the indirect nature of a CR‐based measure of addiction proneness. Results indicated that disclosing the purpose of assessment yielded significant mean shifts on a CR‐based measure of addiction proneness compared to those of an uninformed group. Specifically, when the construct of interest was made explicit, participants could identify the keyed response options when instructed to do so. These findings further underscore the necessity of maintaining indirect measurement when administering CR measures.
“No One Ever Asked Me”: Urban African American Students' Perceptions of Educational Resilience
Authors: Williams Joseph M. , Portman Tarrell Awe Agahe
Published: January 2014

This qualitative study examined high‐achieving urban African American high school graduates' (N= 5) retrospective appraisal of what K–12 students from high‐risk urban areas need to succeed academically despite seemingly insurmountable social, financial, and educational barriers. Findings revealed 6 themes: shared responsibility for educational outcomes, being a part of the solution, parental involvement by any means, natural support systems, school counselors as change agents, and community collaboration to raise a scholar. Recommendations for school counselors are discussed.

Este estudio cualitativo examinó la opinión retrospectiva de un grupo de graduados Afroamericanos urbanos de alto nivel académico en educación secundaria (N= 5) sobre lo que necesitan los estudiantes de K–12 en áreas urbanas de alto riesgo para tener éxito académico a pesar de las barreras sociales, económicas y educativas aparentemente infranqueables. Los hallazgos revelaron 6 temas: responsabilidad compartida por los resultados educativos, ser parte de la solución, implicación de los padres en cualquier modo posible, sistemas naturales de apoyo, consejeros escolares como agentes de cambio, y colaboración comunitaria para educar a un individuo estudioso. Se discuten recomendaciones para los consejeros escolares.
International Immersion in Counselor Education: A Consensual Qualitative Research Investigation
Authors: Barden Sejal M. , Cashwell Craig S.
Published: January 2014

This study used consensual qualitative research methodology to examine the phenomenon of international immersion on counselor education students' (N = 10) development and growth. Seven domains emerged from the data (cultural knowledge, empathy, personal and professional impact, process/reflection, relationships, personal characteristics, and structure). Implications for multicultural education and future research are discussed.

Este estudio empleó metodología consensuada de investigación cualitativa para examinar el fenómeno de la inmersión internacional en el desarrollo y crecimiento de estudiantes de educación en consejería (N = 10). Los datos arrojaron siete dominios (conocimiento cultural, empatía, impacto personal y profesional, proceso/reflexión, relaciones, características personales, y estructura). Se discuten las implicaciones para la educación multicultural y futuras investigaciones.
Effect of Anchimeric Assistance in the Reaction of Triphenylphosphine with α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Salin Alexey V. , Fatkhutdinov Albert R. , Il'in Anton V. , Galkin Vladimir I.
Published: January 2014

Quaternization of triphenylphosphine with maleic and cis‐aconitic acids is strongly accelerated by participation of the cis‐carboxyl group in stabilization of the phosphonium zwitterion intermediate by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, in spite of steric hindrance by the acid's reaction center. A similar effect for trans‐isomeric acids is not observed, which can be rationalized on the basis of spatial structures of the generated zwitterions, implying an electrostatic interaction between the phosphonium center and carbonyl oxygen atom. The effect of anchimeric assistance decreases when the intramolecular hydrogen bonding disfavors attack of the phosphine on the sterically less hindered carbon atom of the C=C bond, as observed for cis‐aconitic acid.