bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel optimized neural network model for cyber attack detection using enhanced whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Jyothi Koganti Krishna , Borra Subba Reddy , Srilakshmi Koganti , Balachandran Praveen Kumar , Reddy Ganesh Prasad , Colak Ilhami , Dhanamjayulu C. , Chinthaginjala Ravikumar , Khan Baseem
Published: March 2024

Cybersecurity is critical in today’s digitally linked and networked society. There is no way to overestimate the importance of cyber security as technology develops and becomes more pervasive in our daily lives. Cybersecurity is essential to people’s protection. One type of cyberattack known as “credential stuffing” involves using previously acquired usernames and passwords by attackers to access user accounts on several websites without authorization. This is feasible as a lot of people use the same passwords and usernames on several different websites. Maintaining the security of online accounts requires defence against credential-stuffing attacks. The problems of credential stuffing attacks, failure detection, and prediction can be handled by the suggested EWOA-ANN model. Here, a novel optimization approach known as Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm (EWOA) is put on to train the neural network. The effectiveness of the suggested attack identification model has been demonstrated, and an empirical comparison will be carried out with respect to specific security analysis.
Detecting cognitive traits and occupational proficiency using EEG and statistical inference
Authors: Mikheev Ilya , Steiner Helen , Martynova Olga
Published: March 2024

Machine learning (ML) is widely used in classification tasks aimed at detecting various cognitive states or neurological diseases using noninvasive electroencephalogram (EEG) time series. However, successfully detecting specific cognitive skills in a healthy population, independent of subject, remains challenging. This study compared the subject-independent classification performance of three different pipelines: supervised and Riemann projections with logistic regression and handcrafted power spectral features with light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). 128-channel EEGs were recorded from 26 healthy volunteers while they solved arithmetic, logical, and verbal tasks. The participants were divided into two groups based on their higher education and occupation: specialists in mathematics and humanities. The balanced accuracy of the education type was significantly above chance for all pipelines: 0.84–0.89, 0.85–0.88, and 0.86–0.88 for each type of task, respectively. All three pipelines allowed us to distinguish mathematical proficiency based on learning experience with different trade-offs between performance and explainability. Our results suggest that ML approaches could also be effective for recognizing individual cognitive traits using EEG.
Reservoir rock typing assessment in a coal-tight sand based heterogeneous geological formation through advanced AI methods
Authors: Ashraf Umar , Shi Wanzhong , Zhang Hucai , Anees Aqsa , Jiang Ren , Ali Muhammad , Mangi Hassan Nasir , Zhang Xiaonan
Published: March 2024

Geoscientists now identify coal layers using conventional well logs. Coal layer identification is the main technical difficulty in coalbed methane exploration and development. This research uses advanced quantile–quantile plot, self-organizing maps (SOM), k-means clustering, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and qualitative log curve assessment through three wells (X4, X5, X6) in complex geological formation to distinguish coal from tight sand and shale. Also, we identify the reservoir rock typing (RRT), gas-bearing and non-gas bearing potential zones. Results showed gamma-ray and resistivity logs are not reliable tools for coal identification. Further, coal layers highlighted high acoustic (AC) and neutron porosity (CNL), low density (DEN), low photoelectric, and low porosity values as compared to tight sand and shale. While, tight sand highlighted 5–10% porosity values. The SOM and clustering assessment provided the evidence of good-quality RRT for tight sand facies, whereas other clusters related to shale and coal showed poor-quality RRT. A t-SNE algorithm accurately distinguished coal and was used to make CNL and DEN plot that showed the presence of low-rank bituminous coal rank in study area. The presented strategy through conventional logs shall provide help to comprehend coal-tight sand lithofacies units for future mining.
Decision-making processes in perceptual learning depend on effectors
Authors: Ivanov Vladyslav , Manenti Giorgio L. , Plewe Sandrin S. , Kagan Igor , Schwiedrzik Caspar M.
Published: March 2024

Visual perceptual learning is traditionally thought to arise in visual cortex. However, typical perceptual learning tasks also involve systematic mapping of visual information onto motor actions. Because the motor system contains both effector-specific and effector-unspecific representations, the question arises whether visual perceptual learning is effector-specific itself, or not. Here, we study this question in an orientation discrimination task. Subjects learn to indicate their choices either with joystick movements or with manual reaches. After training, we challenge them to perform the same task with eye movements. We dissect the decision-making process using the drift diffusion model. We find that learning effects on the rate of evidence accumulation depend on effectors, albeit not fully. This suggests that during perceptual learning, visual information is mapped onto effector-specific integrators. Overlap of the populations of neurons encoding motor plans for these effectors may explain partial generalization. Taken together, visual perceptual learning is not limited to visual cortex, but also affects sensorimotor mapping at the interface of visual processing and decision making.
The model student: GPT-4 performance on graduate biomedical science exams
Authors: Stribling Daniel , Xia Yuxing , Amer Maha K. , Graim Kiley S. , Mulligan Connie J. , Renne Rolf
Published: March 2024

The GPT-4 large language model (LLM) and ChatGPT chatbot have emerged as accessible and capable tools for generating English-language text in a variety of formats. GPT-4 has previously performed well when applied to questions from multiple standardized examinations. However, further evaluation of trustworthiness and accuracy of GPT-4 responses across various knowledge domains is essential before its use as a reference resource. Here, we assess GPT-4 performance on nine graduate-level examinations in the biomedical sciences (seven blinded), finding that GPT-4 scores exceed the student average in seven of nine cases and exceed all student scores for four exams. GPT-4 performed very well on fill-in-the-blank, short-answer, and essay questions, and correctly answered several questions on figures sourced from published manuscripts. Conversely, GPT-4 performed poorly on questions with figures containing simulated data and those requiring a hand-drawn answer. Two GPT-4 answer-sets were flagged as plagiarism based on answer similarity and some model responses included detailed hallucinations. In addition to assessing GPT-4 performance, we discuss patterns and limitations in GPT-4 capabilities with the goal of informing design of future academic examinations in the chatbot era.
Use of improved memory type control charts for monitoring cancer patients recovery time censored data
Authors: Raza Syed Muhammad Muslim , Sial Maqbool Hussain , Hassan Najam ul , Mekiso Getachew Tekle , Tashkandy Yusra A. , Bakr M. E. , Kumar Anoop
Published: March 2024

Control charts are a statistical approach for monitoring cancer data that can assist discover patterns, trends, and unusual deviations in cancer-related data across time. To detect deviations from predicted patterns, control charts are extensively used in quality control and process management. Control charts may be used to track numerous parameters in cancer data, such as incidence rates, death rates, survival time, recovery time, and other related indicators. In this study, CDEC chart is proposed to monitor the cancer patients recovery time censored data. This paper presents a composite dual exponentially weighted moving average Cumulative sum (CDEC) control chart for monitoring cancer patients recovery time censored data. This approach seeks to detect changes in the mean recovery time of cancer patients which usually follows Weibull lifetimes. The results are calculated using type I censored data under known and estimated parameter conditions. We combine the conditional expected value (CEV) and conditional median (CM) approaches, which are extensively used in statistical analysis to determine the central tendency of a dataset, to create an efficient control chart. The suggested chart's performance is assessed using the average run length (ARL), which evaluates how efficiently the chart can detect a change in the process mean. The CDEC chart is compared to existing control charts. A simulation study and a real-world data set related to cancer patients recovery time censored data is used for results illustration. The proposed CDEC control chart is developed for the data monitoring when complete information about the patients are not available. So, instead of doping the patients information we can used the proposed chart to monitor the patients information even if it is censored. The authors conclude that the suggested CDEC chart is more efficient than competitor control charts for monitoring cancer patients recovery time censored data. Overall, this study introduces an efficient new approach for cancer patients recovery time censored data, which might have significant effect on quality control and process improvement across a wide range of healthcare and medical studies.
Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies
Authors: Andersson Per A. , Vartanova Irina , Västfjäll Daniel , Tinghög Gustav , Strimling Pontus , Wu Junhui , Hazin Isabela , Akotia Charity S. , Aldashev Alisher , Andrighetto Giulia , Anum Adote , Arikan Gizem , Bagherian Fatemeh , Barrera Davide , Basnight-Brown Dana , Batkeyev Birzhan , Berezina Elizaveta , Björnstjerna Marie , Boski Paweł , Bovina Inna , Huyen Bui Thi Thu , Čekrlija Đorđe , Choi Hoon-Seok , Contreras-Ibáñez Carlos C. , Costa-Lopes Rui , de Barra Mícheál , de Zoysa Piyanjali , Dorrough Angela R. , Dvoryanchikov Nikolay , Engelmann Jan B. , Euh Hyun , Fang Xia , Fiedler Susann , Foster-Gimbel Olivia A. , Fülöp Márta , Gardarsdottir Ragna B. , Gill C. M. Hew D. , Glöckner Andreas , Graf Sylvie , Grigoryan Ani , Gritskov Vladimir , Growiec Katarzyna , Halama Peter , Hartanto Andree , Hopthrow Tim , Hřebíčková Martina , Iliško Dzintra , Imada Hirotaka , Kapoor Hansika , Kawakami Kerry , Khachatryan Narine , Kharchenko Natalia , Kiyonari Toko , Kohút Michal , Leslie Lisa M. , Li Yang , Li Norman P. , Li Zhuo , Liik Kadi , Maitner Angela T. , Manhique Bernardo , Manley Harry , Medhioub Imed , Mentser Sari , Nejat Pegah , Nipassa Orlando , Nussinson Ravit , Onyedire Nneoma G. , Onyishi Ike E. , Panagiotopoulou Penny , Perez-Floriano Lorena R. , Persson Minna , Pirttilä-Backman Anna-Maija , Pogosyan Marianna , Raver Jana , Rodrigues Ricardo Borges , Romanò Sara , Romero Pedro P. , Sakki Inari , San Martin Alvaro , Sherbaji Sara , Shimizu Hiroshi , Simpson Brent , Szabo Erna , Takemura Kosuke , Teixeira Maria Luisa Mendes , Thanomkul Napoj , Tiliouine Habib , Travaglino Giovanni A. , Tsirbas Yannis , Widodo Sita , Zein Rizqy , Zirganou-Kazolea Lina , Eriksson Kimmo
Published: March 2024

When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.
Deep learning-based diffusion tensor cardiac magnetic resonance reconstruction: a comparison study
Authors: Huang Jiahao , Ferreira Pedro F. , Wang Lichao , Wu Yinzhe , Aviles-Rivero Angelica I. , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane , Scott Andrew D. , Khalique Zohya , Dwornik Maria , Rajakulasingam Ramyah , De Silva Ranil , Pennell Dudley J. , Nielles-Vallespin Sonia , Yang Guang
Published: March 2024

In vivo cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) is a promising Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique for evaluating the microstructure of myocardial tissue in living hearts, providing insights into cardiac function and enabling the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. However, the integration of cDTI into routine clinical practice poses challenging due to the technical obstacles involved in the acquisition, such as low signal-to-noise ratio and prolonged scanning times. In this study, we investigated and implemented three different types of deep learning-based MRI reconstruction models for cDTI reconstruction. We evaluated the performance of these models based on the reconstruction quality assessment, the diffusion tensor parameter assessment as well as the computational cost assessment. Our results indicate that the models discussed in this study can be applied for clinical use at an acceleration factor (AF) of $$\times 2$$

×
2

and $$\times 4$$

×
4

, with the D5C5 model showing superior fidelity for reconstruction and the SwinMR model providing higher perceptual scores. There is no statistical difference from the reference for all diffusion tensor parameters at AF $$\times 2$$

×
2

or most DT parameters at AF $$\times 4$$

×
4

, and the quality of most diffusion tensor parameter maps is visually acceptable. SwinMR is recommended as the optimal approach for reconstruction at AF $$\times 2$$

×
2

and AF $$\times 4$$

×
4

. However, we believe that the models discussed in this study are not yet ready for clinical use at a higher AF. At AF $$\times 8$$

×
8

, the performance of all models discussed remains limited, with only half of the diffusion tensor parameters being recovered to a level with no statistical difference from the reference. Some diffusion tensor parameter maps even provide wrong and misleading information.
Motivated reasoning about climate change and the influence of Numeracy, Need for Cognition, and the Dark Factor of Personality
Authors: Hutmacher Fabian , Reichardt Regina , Appel Markus
Published: March 2024

Human information processing is not always rational but influenced by prior attitudes, a phenomenon commonly known as motivated reasoning. We conducted two studies (N1 = 556, N2 = 1198; UK samples) investigating motivated reasoning in the context of climate change with a focus on individual differences as potential moderating factors. While previous research investigated motivated reasoning regarding the debate whether climate change is anthropogenic, we focused on current discourses about the effectiveness of different countermeasures. To this end, participants evaluated fictitious scientific data on the effectiveness of regulations to reduce CO2 emissions. In both studies, participants exhibited motivated reasoning as indicated by the observation that prior attitudes about CO2 reduction policies predicted evaluation of the scientific data. The degree of motivated reasoning was not related to individual difference variables, namely the ability to understand and reason with numbers (Numeracy), the willingness to show this ability (Need for Cognition), and the tendency to maximize one’s individual utility (Dark Factor of Personality). However, numeracy was associated with a less biased interpretation of the presented information. Our research demonstrates that motivated reasoning is a general phenomenon, and points to numerical training as one way to improve reasoning.
High inflammatory cytokines gene expression can be detected in workers with prolonged exposure to silver and silica nanoparticles in industries
Authors: Babaei Vahid , Ashtarinezhad Azadeh , Torshabi Maryam , Teimourian Shahram , Shahmirzaie Morteza , Abolghasemi Jamileh , Zeraatgar Gohardani Hamidreza , Vernousfaderani Eisa Kaveh , Shirazi Farshad H.
Published: March 2024

Occupational health must be strictly considered in industries particularly in nanoparticle factories where workers were exposed to different types of chemicals. We measured the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in workers who developed skin lesions after exposure to silver and silica nanoparticles. Using a questionnaire in this cross-sectional study, we identified 110 workers in nanoparticle industries who were exposed to silver and silica nanoparticles. We also included 40 healthy subjects as controls from the administrative department of the same factories who were not exposed to nanoparticles. Peripheral blood samples used to measure the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines by qRT-PCR. In comparison with the control group, the workers who developed skin lesions had significantly higher levels of interleukin IL4, IL6, IL8, and TNF-α, particularly after two or three decades of exposure to silver and silica nanoparticles. Participants who were exposed to silver had higher levels of IL6 and IL8 compared with those who were exposed to silica. Necessary measures must be considered to protect workers in nanoparticle industries against the potential toxic effects of these compounds. Our network pharmacology study suggests corresponding biochemical pathways for these disorders.
Evaluation of the mosquitocidal efficacy of fluralaner, a potential candidate for drug based vector control
Authors: Shah Harish Kumar , Srinivasan Vaishnavi , Venkatesan Shakila , Balakrishnan Vijayakumar , Candasamy Sadanandane , Mathew Nisha , Kumar Ashwani , Kuttiatt Vijesh Sreedhar
Published: March 2024

Vector control is a key intervention against mosquito borne diseases. However, conventional methods have several limitations and alternate strategies are in urgent need. Vector control with endectocides such as ivermectin is emerging as a novel strategy. The short half-life of ivermectin is a limiting factor for its application as a mass therapy tool for vector control. Isoxazoline compounds like fluralaner, a class of veterinary acaricides with long half-life hold promise as an alternative. However, information about their mosquitocidal effect is limited. We explored the efficacy of fluralaner against laboratory reared vector mosquitoes—Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and, Culex quinquefasciatus. 24 h post-blood feeding, fluralaner showed a significant mosquitocidal effect with LC50 values in the range of 24.04–49.82 ng/mL for the three different mosquito species tested. Effects on life history characteristics (fecundity, egg hatch success, etc.) were also observed and significant effects were noted at drug concentrations of 20, 25 and 45 ng/mL for Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi, and, Cx. quinquefasciatus respectively. At higher drug concentration of 250 ng/mL, significant mortality was observed within 1–2 h of post blood feeding. Potent mosquitocidal effect coupled with its long half-life makes fluralaner an excellent candidate for drug based vector control strategies.
A chemo-mechanical model for describing sorption hysteresis in a glassy polyurethane
Authors: Foley Brandon L. , Matt Sarah M. , Castonguay Stephen T. , Sun Yunwei , Roy Pratanu , Glascoe Elizabeth A. , Sharma Hom N.
Published: March 2024

Hysteretic sorption and desorption of water is observed from 0 to 95% relative humidity and 298–333 K on a glassy polyurethane foam. It is postulated that sorption-induced swelling of the glassy polyurethane increases the concentration of accessible hydrogen-bonding adsorption sites for water. The accessibility of sites is kinetically controlled due to the restricted thermal motions of chains in the glassy polymer, causing a difference in accessible site concentrations during sorption and desorption. This discrepancy leads to hysteresis in the sorbed concentrations of water. A coupled chemo-mechanical model relating volumetric strain, adsorption site concentration, and sorbed water concentration is employed to describe water sorption hysteresis in the glassy polyurethane. This model not only describes the final mass uptake for each relative humidity step, but also captures the dynamics of water uptake, which exhibit diffusion and relaxation rate-controlled regimes.
Robust-optimal control of rotary inverted pendulum control through fuzzy descriptor-based techniques
Authors: Pham Duc-Binh , Dao Quy-Thinh , Bui Ngoc-Tam , Nguyen Thi-Van-Anh
Published: March 2024

Expanding upon the well-established Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model, the T–S fuzzy descriptor model emerges as a robust and flexible framework. This article introduces the development of optimal and robust-optimal controllers grounded in the principles of stability control and fuzzy descriptor systems. By transforming complicated inequalities into linear matrix inequalities (LMI), we establish the essential conditions for controller construction, as delineated in theorems. To substantiate the utility of these controllers, we employ the rotary inverted pendulum as a testbed. Through diverse simulation scenarios, these controllers, rooted in fuzzy descriptor systems, demonstrate their practicality and effectiveness in ensuring the stable control of inverted pendulum systems, even in the presence of uncertainties within the model. This study highlights the adaptability and robustness of fuzzy descriptor-based controllers, paving the way for advanced control strategies in complex and uncertain environments.
Exploring the effect of different typical plant community on human stress reduction: a field experiment
Authors: Yao Wenfei , Luo Qingzi , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhuo Chen , Mi Longfei
Published: March 2024

Research has demonstrated the positive effect of natural environment on human restoration and well-being. Time spent in nature can often alleviate both physiological and psychological stress. However, few studies have discussed the environmental health effects of the nature’s components and characteristics. Sixty volunteers were recruited and one manufactured environment and five different natural environments were randomly assigned to them, including coniferous forests (pure coniferous forest-PC and mixed coniferous forest-MC), broad-leaved forests (pure broad-leaved forest-PB and mixed broad-leaved forest-MB), and mixed forest (mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest-MCB). Each volunteer sat in a built or natural environment and looked around the environment for 15 min. Physiological (HR, HRV, BP, pulse rate and salivary cortisol) and psychological indicators (POMS and STAI) were used to evaluate the changes in their stress level. Results indicated a strong difference in HR, HRV, POMS and STAI between the built and natural environment, which showed that natural environment can lower the stress level. MC had the best effect on relieving physiological stress, whereas MCB is most successful in improving emotional state and reducing anxiety. Broad-leaved forest and mixed forest significantly affected the DBP and vigor level of the subjects, respectively. While coniferous forest did significantly increase the concentration of salivary cortisol in subjects. The study confirmed that compared to the built environment, the natural environment can relieve the human body's physical and psychological stress and negative emotions, while significantly increasing vitality. And different plant communities also have different effects on the physiological and psychological indicators of the subjects. These results will provide scientific basis for the construction and improvement of urban green space environment.
Cold-water coral energy reserves and calcification in contrasting fjord environments
Authors: Beck Kristina K. , Schmidt-Grieb Gertraud M. , Kayser Antonia S. , Wendels Janine , Kler Lago Alexandra , Meyer Stefanie , Laudien Jürgen , Häussermann Vreni , Richter Claudio , Wall Marlene
Published: March 2024

The relationship between energy reserves of cold-water corals (CWCs) and their physiological performance remains largely unknown. In addition, it is poorly understood how the energy allocation to different metabolic processes might change with projected decreasing food supply to the deep sea in the future. This study explores the temporal and spatial variations of total energy reserves (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) of the CWC Desmophyllum dianthus and their correlation with its calcification rate. We took advantage of distinct horizontal and vertical physico-chemical gradients in Comau Fjord (Chile) and examined the changes in energy reserves over one year in an in situ reciprocal transplantation experiment (20 m vs. 300 m and fjord head vs. mouth). Total energy reserves correlated positively with calcification rates. The fast-growing deep corals had higher and less variable energy reserves, while the slower-growing shallow corals showed pronounced seasonal changes in energy reserves. Novel deep corals (transplanted from shallow) were able to quickly increase both their calcification rates and energy reserves to similar levels as native deep corals. Our study shows the importance of energy reserves in sustaining CWC growth in spite of aragonite undersaturated conditions (deep corals) in the present, and potentially also future ocean.
Quality characteristics, lysozyme activity, and albumen viscosity of fresh hatching duck eggs after a week's storage at various temperatures
Authors: Wlaźlak Sebastian , Brzycka Zuzanna , Ragus Weronika , Banaszak Mirosław , Grabowicz Małgorzata
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to analyze the qualitative features of Cherry Valley duck’ hatching eggs during storage at different temperatures. Eggs were divided into 3 equal groups with 30 eggs each: fresh egg and stored at 7 °C and 17 °C within one week. Qualitative analyses of duck eggs were carried out, considering the morphological composition, physicochemical characteristics, lysozyme activity, and albumen viscosity. The highest weight of yolk and its percentage was found in the 17 °C group. The weight and percentage of albumen were significantly the highest in the group of fresh eggs. Higher egg weight loss was observed in the group stored at higher temperatures. Higher thick albumen height and Haugh units were found in fresh eggs and eggs stored at 7 °C. Different temperatures of egg storage did not affect lysozyme activity in thick and thin albumen. Stored eggs were characterized by lower albumen viscosity only at a shear rate of 10 rpm. The higher viscosity of thick albumen compared to thin ones was demonstrated at 10 and 20 rpm shear rates. The presented research results indicate a large diversity of selected qualitative indicators of hatching duck eggs, which may affect their storage and suitability for incubation.
Association between systemic immunity-inflammation index and hypertension in US adults from NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Yanping , Liu Mengqiong , Xu Wenxing , Tong Shan , Liu Kai
Published: March 2024

Hypertension is a disease closely related to inflammation, and the systemic immunity-inflammation index (SII) is a new and easily detectable inflammatory marker. We aimed to investigate the association between SII and hypertension risk in a adult population in the US. We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning from 1999 to 2018, incorporating comprehensive information from adults reporting hypertension. This included details on blood pressure monitoring, complete blood cell counts, and standard biochemical results. The SII was computed as the platelet count multiplied by the neutrophil count divided by the lymphocyte count. We employed a weighted multivariate logistic regression model to examine the correlation between SII and hypertension. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential influencing factors. Furthermore, smooth curve fitting and two-piecewise logistic regression analysis were employed to describe non-linear relationships and identify inflection points. This population-based study involved 44,070 adults aged 20–85 years. Following Ln-transformation of the SII, multivariable logistic regression revealed that, in a fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of Ln(SII) had a 12% increased risk of hypertension compared to those in the lowest quartile, which was statistically significant (OR:1.12; 95% CI 1.01, 1.24; P < 0.001), with a P for trend = 0.019. Subgroup analysis indicated no significant interactions between Ln(SII) and specific subgroups except for the body mass index subgroup (all P for interaction > 0.05). Additionally, the association between Ln(SII) and hypertension displayed a U-shaped curve, with an inflection point at 5.89 (1000 cells/μl). Based on this research result, we found a U-shaped correlation between elevated SII levels and hypertension risk in American adults, with a inflection point of 5.89 (1000 cells)/μl). To validate these findings, larger scale prospective surveys are needed to support the results of this study and investigate potential mechanisms.
A mathematical model for the transmission of co-infection with COVID-19 and kidney disease
Authors: Hye Md. Abdul , Biswas Md. Haider Ali , Uddin Mohammed Forhad , Rahman Md. M.
Published: March 2024

The world suffers from the acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 pandemic, which will be scary if other co-existing illnesses exacerbate it. The co-occurrence of the COVID-19 virus with kidney disease has not been available in the literature. So, further research needs to be conducted to reveal the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and kidney disease. This study aims to create mathematical models to understand how COVID-19 interacts with kidney diseases in specific populations. Therefore, the initial step was to formulate a deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) mathematical model to depict the co-infection dynamics of COVID-19 and kidney disease. A mathematical model with seven compartments has been developed using nonlinear ordinary differential equations. This model incorporates the invariant region, disease-free and endemic equilibrium, along with the positivity solution. The basic reproduction number, calculated via the next-generation matrix, allows us to assess the stability of the equilibrium. Sensitivity analysis is also utilised to understand the influence of each parameter on disease spread or containment. The results show that a surge in COVID-19 infection rates and the existence of kidney disease significantly enhances the co-infection risks. Numerical simulations further clarify the potential outcomes of treating COVID-19 alone, kidney disease alone, and co-infected cases. The study of the potential model can be utilised to maximise the benefits of simulation to minimise the global health complexity of COVID-19 and kidney disease.
Evolving winter atmospheric teleconnection patterns and their potential triggers across western North America
Authors: Lee Jueun , Wang S.-Y. Simon , Son Seok-Woo , Kim Daehyun , Jeong Jee-Hoon , Kim Hyungjun , Yoon Jin-Ho
Published: March 2024

We present a comprehensive analysis diagnosing the primary factors driving the observed changes in major atmospheric teleconnection patterns in the Northern Hemisphere winter, including the Pacific North American pattern (PNA), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and North American winter dipole (NAWD), with particular focus on their roles in shaping anomalous weather across North America. Our investigation reveals a consistent influence of the NAWD over seven decades, contrasting with fluctuating impacts from PNA and minor impacts from NAO. In particular, an emergent negative correlation between the NAWD and PNA, signaling a shifted phase of teleconnection patterns, is identified. Such a relationship change is traced to enhanced upper-level ridges across western North America, reflecting a reinforced winter stationary wave. Through attribution analysis, we identify greenhouse gas emissions as a probable driver for the northward drift of the Asia-Pacific jet core, which, aided by orographic lifting over the Alaskan Range, subsequently amplifies the winter stationary wave across western North America. This work emphasizes the pronounced effect of human-induced global warming on the structure and teleconnection of large-scale atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere winter, providing vital perspectives on the dynamics of current climate trends.
The cortical representation of language timescales is shared between reading and listening
Authors: Chen Catherine , Dupré la Tour Tom , Gallant Jack L. , Klein Daniel , Deniz Fatma
Published: March 2024

Language comprehension involves integrating low-level sensory inputs into a hierarchy of increasingly high-level features. Prior work studied brain representations of different levels of the language hierarchy, but has not determined whether these brain representations are shared between written and spoken language. To address this issue, we analyze fMRI BOLD data that were recorded while participants read and listened to the same narratives in each modality. Levels of the language hierarchy are operationalized as timescales, where each timescale refers to a set of spectral components of a language stimulus. Voxelwise encoding models are used to determine where different timescales are represented across the cerebral cortex, for each modality separately. These models reveal that between the two modalities timescale representations are organized similarly across the cortical surface. Our results suggest that, after low-level sensory processing, language integration proceeds similarly regardless of stimulus modality.
High-flux bright x-ray source from femtosecond laser-irradiated microtapes
Authors: Shen Xiaofei , Pukhov Alexander , Qiao Bin
Published: March 2024

Betatron x-ray sources from laser-plasma interaction are characterized by compactness, ultrashort duration, broadband spectrum and micron source size. However, high-quality measurements with good statistics, especially in a single shot, require fluxes and energies beyond the current capabilities. Here, we propose a method to enhance the flux and brightness of the betatron sources without increasing the laser energy. By irradiating an edge of a microtape target with a femtosecond laser, a strong surface plasma wave (SPW) is excited at the edge and travels along the lateral plasma-vacuum interfaces. Tens of nC of electrons are peeled off and accelerated to superponderomotive energies by the longitudinal field of the SPW, whilst undergoing transverse betatron oscillations, leading to emission of hard x-rays. Via three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that a tabletop 100 TW class femtosecond laser can produce an ultrabright hard x-ray pulse with flux up to 107 photons eV−1 and brilliance about 1023 photons s−1 mm−2 mrad−2 0.1%BW−1, paving the way for single-shot x-ray measurements in ultrafast science and high-energy-density physics.
Comparing software tools for optical chemical structure recognition
Authors: Krasnov Aleksei , Barnabas Shadrack J. , Boehme Timo , Boyer Stephen K. , Weber Lutz
Published: March 2024

The extraction of chemical information from images, also known as Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (OCSR) has recently gained new attention.
Fenugreek extract improves diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunctionviathe arginase 1 pathway
Authors: Qiu Dingbang , Hu Jinxin , Zhang Shaoying , Cai Wanjun , Miao Jingwei , Li Pengdong , Jiang Wenyue
Published: March 2024

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an initiating trigger and key factor in vascular complications, leading to disability and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Fenugreek extract can effectively improve EDviathe arginase 1 (Arg1) pathway.
Anti-inflammatory probiotics HF05 and HF06 synergistically alleviate ulcerative colitis and secondary liver injury
Authors: Liu Chunhong , Qi Xiaofen , Liu Xiaolin , Sun Yue , Mao Kaidong , Shen Guiqi , Ma Ying , Li Qingming
Published: March 2024

The probiotics HF05 and HF06 or their combinations as live bacterial cultures (MIXL) alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice by and the HF06 and HF05 strains acted synergistically.
Metabolome and microbiome analyses of the anti-fatigue mechanism ofAcanthopanax senticosusleaves
Authors: Shi Chao , Liang Zehua , Li Ting , Hao Qi , Xiang Hongyu , Xie Qiuhong
Published: March 2024

The anti-fatigue property ofAcanthopanax senticosusleaves extracts was linked to the alleviation of organ damage, the regulation of microbial composition, and the restoration of carbohydrate, creatine, amino acid, and TMA metabolism.
Er3+-activated Ba2V2O7 upconversion nanosheets for dual-mode temperature sensing
Authors: Samal Satish Kumar , Kulkarni Sahana , Yadav Jyoti , Naidu Boddu S.
Published: March 2024

Downshifting and upconversion photoluminescence properties of Ba2V2O7:Er3+ nanosheets are investigated. Temperature-dependent luminescence intensity ratios of thermally coupled as well as non-thermally coupled levels are used for temperature sensing.
QSAR models for the ozonation of diverse volatile organic compounds at different temperatures
Authors: Azimi Ali , Ahmadi Shahin , Javan Marjan Jebeli , Rouhani Morteza , Mirjafary Zohreh
Published: March 2024

This study aims to develop reliable QSAR models for 149 VOCs across a broad temperature range. The models were constructed based on the combination of SMILES and temperature as an experimental condition, namely as quasi-SMILES.
Oxidative cleavage of lignin model substrates with Co(salen) catalyst: an experimental study on the effect of different reaction parameters in batch and continuous flow
Authors: Mortier Jonas , Stevens Christian V. , Bozell Joseph J. , Heugebaert Thomas S. A.
Published: March 2024

Continuous flow screening improved Co(salen)-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of lignin models, revealing new key parameters for robust and optimal batch operation.
Laser capture microdissection and native mass spectrometry for spatially-resolved analysis of intact protein assemblies in tissue
Authors: Hughes James W. , Sisley Emma K. , Hale Oliver J. , Cooper Helen J.
Published: March 2024

Integration of laser capture microdissection and top-down mass spectrometry aids protein identification in spatially-resolved native ambient mass spectrometry.
Reversible dioxygen uptake at [Cu4] clusters
Authors: Osei Manasseh Kusi , Mirzaei Saber , Mirzaei M. Saeed , Valles Agustin , Hernández Sánchez Raúl
Published: March 2024

Well-defined systems binding dioxygen solely through non-covalent interactions are rare.
From propenolysis to enyne metathesis: tools for expedited assembly of 4a,8a-azaboranaphthalene and extended polycycles with embedded BN
Authors: Rulli Federica , Sanz-Liarte Guillem , Roca Pol , Martínez Nina , Medina Víctor , Puig de la Bellacasa Raimon , Shafir Alexandr , Cuenca Ana B.
Published: March 2024

A new integrated approach to BN-polycycles is rooted in a clean condensation of amines with B(allyl)3. The end game includes a gram-scale synthesis of BN-naphthalene through efficient aromatization, or assembly of BN-polycycles via enyne metathesis.
Enhancing ion storage and transport in Ti3C2Tz MXene via a “sacrificial cations” strategy
Authors: Yin Xiaodan , Zheng Wei , Tang Haifeng , Yang Li , Zhang Peigen , Sun ZhengMing
Published: March 2024

The “Sacrificial Cation” strategy combines electrochemistry-driven cation intercalation and calcination to open obstructed channels and modify terminations. High energy densities at high powers are achieved when assembling asymmetric supercapacitors.
g-C3N4 catalysed sustainable synthesis of (hetero)aryl acids and regioselective α-bromo ketones in one pot under visible light catalysis
Authors: Bishi Sangita , Kar Mahuya , Mandal Tarun K. , Sarkar Debayan
Published: March 2024

Visible light-induced graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) catalysed direct oxidation of (hetero)aryl methyl halides to (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids using O2 as a green oxidant and subsequent formation of α-bromo ketones in one vessel.
High-throughput screening of stable sulfide semiconductors for solar cell conversion
Authors: Yang Jinjin , Sun Zhongxiong , Yao Dao-Xin , Li Man-Rong
Published: March 2024

Based on stability, band gap, carrier effective masses, defect tolerance, and optical absorption coefficients, RE3CoCrS7 (RE = La, Y) is identified as a high-performance sulfide semiconductor for solar cell conversion in A3BB′S7 family.
One action, two benefits: improving the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries with a poly(ionic liquid)
Authors: Jia Sixin , Wang Rui , Liu Fengquan , Huo Hong , Zhou Jianjun , Li Lin
Published: March 2024

Poly(ionic liquid) is synthesized to modify the S cathode and Li anode to inhibit the shuttling of polysulfides and suppress dendritic Li deposition. The cycling performance of Li–S batteries is greatly improved with modification on both electrodes.
Regulation of polyaniline thickness and substitution position on Cu foams to optimize hydrogen evolution and ethanol oxidation performance
Authors: Mu Haiqiang , Shan Pengyue , Zhu Min , Lv Zhenli , Ma Guorui , Guo Jiaxing , Fang Junzhuo , Zhang Jin , Li Feng , Li Jing
Published: March 2024

The Cu foam decorated with integrated polyaniline (PANI/CF-210) based on direct electro-grafting technique has been successfully designed to develop for efficient hydrogen evolution and ethanol oxidation reaction.
Structural isomerism-tuned magnetisation relaxation dynamics in lanthanide coordination complexes
Authors: Hansen Steen H. , Buch Christian D. , Piligkos Stergios
Published: March 2024

Control of the composition of molecular magnetic materials by chemical modification leads to tuning of their magnetization dynamics. We show that two structural isomers display such differences with respect to each other and to their parent complex.
An esterase-activated diketopyrrolopyrrole-based theranostic prodrug for precise pyroptosis and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Gu Xixin , Yang Kaini , Li Sifan , Mei Ju , He Xiao-Peng , Chen Wei , Hua Jianli
Published: March 2024

The diketopyrrolopyrrole-based theranostic prodrug (DPP-QS) releases LD-targeted AIE PS (DPP-QE) and drug (chlorambucil) under the cleavage of esterase to achieve precise pyroptosis and chemo-photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer.
Three-dimensional NiCoS nanotubes@NiCo-LDH nanosheets core–shell heterostructure for high-rate capability alkaline zinc-based batteries
Authors: Dai Linxi , Peng Shangshu , Wang Xinhai , Chen Bo , Wu Yang , Xie Quan , Ruan Yunjun
Published: March 2024

Aqueous alkaline zinc-based batteries (AAZBs) hold promising prospects for large-scale applications due to their high working voltage, safety, and low cost.
Correction: Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rubus fruticosus extract and their antibacterial efficacy against Erwinia caratovora and Ralstonia solanacearum phytopathogens
Authors: Khan Adnan , Ahmad Nisar , Fazal Hina , Ali Mohammad , Akbar Fazal , Khan Ishaq , Tayyab Mohammad , Uddin Muhammad Nazir , Ahmad Naveed , Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa A. , Saleh Ibrahim A. , Zomot Naser , AbdElgawad Hamada , Rauf Kamran , Iqbal Babar , Teixeira Filho Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto , El-Tayeb Mohamed A. , Jalal Arshad
Published: March 2024

Correction for ‘Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rubus fruticosus extract and their antibacterial efficacy against Erwinia caratovora and Ralstonia solanacearum phytopathogens’ by Adnan Khan et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 5754–5763. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA06723H.
Expression of Concern: Surface modification of intraocular lenses via photodynamic coating for safe and effective PCO prevention
Authors: Tang Junmei , Liu Sihao , Han Yuemei , Wang Rui , Xia Jiayi , Chen Hao , Lin Quankui
Published: March 2024

Expression of Concern for ‘Surface modification of intraocular lenses via photodynamic coating for safe and effective PCO prevention’ by Junmei Tang et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2021, 9, 1546–1556, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB02802A.
The Effect of Electric Voltage Variation and Flow Rate on Decreasing Remazol Red Rb 133 Dye Levels in a Continuous Electrocoagulation Process
Authors: Nurfahasdi Meutia , Sabrina Seby , Husin Amir , Hafni Kartini Noor , Hasibuan Novrida Harpah , Rakhmatov Abdugani , Turayeva Matluba , Yuldosheva Shirin
Published: March 2024

The usage of synthetic dyes, such as Remazol Red RB 133, benefits the product by boosting its added value, but it also has a negative influence on the aquatic environment when waste water is disposed of directly. As a result, electrocoagulation technology is utilized to lower the levels of Remazol Red RB 133 dye, ensuring that it does not affect the environment. This study seeks to examine the influence of variations in electric voltage (10, 12, 14 volts) and flow rate (80, 100, and 120 mL/minute) on decreasing concentrations of the colorant RB-133 Remazol in the Continuous Electrocoagulation Process. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer will be used to see the dye concentration after the electrocoagulation process and will be analyzed using the adsorption kinetics model and the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models.
Phase characteristics modeling of reservoir gas-condensate mixture of Tegermen group of fields
Authors: Li Aleksandr , Li Robert , Khabibullaev Saidaziz , Murodov Abdulaziz , Eshkobilov Jamshid
Published: March 2024

Taking into account the forthcoming concept, it is proposed to develop Tegermen group of fields with construction of onshore systems for collection, treatment and transportation of natural gas in order to supply the extracted products to the gas treatment point (Samantepe gas treatment unit-2) in a single-phase state. Natural hydrocarbon systems consist of a large number of components, and these are not only hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, but also hydrocarbons belonging to other groups. The phase state of a hydrocarbon mixture depends on its composition, as well as on the properties of individual components. Construction in a wide range of temperature and pressure values of phase diagrams of reservoir fluids with low condensate factor allows to determine with high accuracy the parameters of the beginning of condensate precipitation (dew point) in the system of gas gathering and transportation to supply the produced products of Tegermen group of fields.
Thermodynamics of the obtained ion exchanges for the sorption of various ions in environmental wastewaters
Authors: Ismailov Rovshan , Khaydarov Islom , Khasanov Okhun , Valeeva Nailya , Azimov Tokhir , Baltabaev Kamil
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on investigating the thermodynamic parameters of an ion exchanger synthesized using chlorinated polypropylene with polyethylene polyamines. The ion exchanger, derived from chlorinated polypropylene, demonstrates full compliance with chemical resistance standards. The research involves the examination of isotherms governing the sorption process of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions by the ion exchanger. These isotherms adhere to the Freundlich model, offering insights into the ion-exchange behavior of the material. Additionally, the study delves into the dynamic exchange capacity and desorption characteristics of the resulting ion exchanger in a granular state. These parameters are crucial for understanding the material's performance in practical applications, shedding light on its ability to efficiently exchange and release metal ions. By comprehensively analyzing the thermodynamic aspects and sorption behavior of the synthesized ion exchanger, this work contributes valuable knowledge to the field of ion exchange materials. The findings offer a basis for further optimization and application of such materials in various industrial processes, particularly in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.