bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I find this really entertaining” – first look of the relationship between vocational school students and various media
Authors: Meriläinen Niina
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study how young vocational school students in Finland frame themselves and their participation in society and whether they are seen in various media. The explorative research, with n = 213 vocational school and prepatory VALMA students as co-researchers, tells us that young vocational school students use value framing to create understandings of themselves as participants in society and in media. The purpose is this to present the breadth of their thinking and to draw conclusions from the empirical data produced solely by the co-researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

Explorative multidisciplinary research was done as co-research with n = 213 vocational school students in Finland. Research includes theoretical background and focuses on empirical qualitative data to further illustrate the explorative nature and results of the study.

Findings

The findings of the explorative co-research tell us that young vocational school students use value framing to create understandings of themselves as participants in society and in media. Co-researchers view themselves as missing in traditional media but find freedom on social media. Content from various media is viewed as reliable and trustworthy but also as problematic propaganda based on personal value framing. The relationship with traditional print media is strained because young people feel that media has othered them and continues to frame them negatively. While they look for that entertaining content across the media spectrum, bullying is an ever-present concern.

Research limitations/implications

This study focused only on vocational school students in Finland. A broader sample of young people, or of minorities, could produce profound results on media literacy, relationships and power relations in the society. Also, framings of the various international media would provide content for analysis. More profound analysis of the data shall be done in the next phase of the research.

Practical implications

Study time was limited. More in-depth study will follow. Implications to future research, media consumption and framing should be done with a larger group of researchers and youth.

Social implications

Social implications towards framing of youth in various media and the transfer of these framing as knowledge in larger society. This includes notions of power of various actors in media and in society at large.

Originality/value

Multidisciplinary explorative co-research on the topic is largely missing from academia. Additionally, the voices of those in the fringes of society is muted, whilst also those youth studying the vocational schools.
Livestreaming in tourism: What drives tourism live streamers to share their travel experiences?
Authors: Li Fangxuan (Sam) , Ma Jianan , Tong Yun
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore tourism live streamers’ motivations of sharing their travel experiences based on the grounded theory.

Design/methodology/approach

The use of purposive and snowball sampling methods was used to conduct 22 in-depth semi-structured interviews. The manuscript was analyzed based on the grounded theory.

Findings

This study identifies five tourism live streamers’ motivations of sharing their travel experience, including information sharing, entertainment, self-presentation, monetary incentives and socialization. Information sharing and entertainment are identified as the most important motivations of travel livestreaming (TLS) among the motivations. Monetary incentive is identified as a new motivation for tourism live streamers compared to other social media users.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides valuable suggestions for livestreaming platforms and tourism product providers to attract more tourism live streamers and better serve them.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to offer empirical findings and discussions on tourism live streamers’ motivations of sharing their travel experiences.
Diagnoses and trends in use of imaging for low back pain in four Australian emergency departments between 2012 and 2019
Authors: Blokzijl Johan , Lee Hopin , Cullen Louise , Coggins Andrew , Golding Michael , Gillett Mark , Middleton Paul M , Ferreira Giovanni E , Machado Gustavo C , Maher Christopher G , Traeger Adrian C
Published: January 2022

Objective

We aimed to determine, in those who present to the ED with low back pain (LBP): (i) the prevalence of four key diagnostic categories, (ii) trends in lumbar imaging from 2015 to 2019 and (iii) the effect of a new model of care on lumbar imaging in the ED.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of routinely collected medical data of four tertiary hospitals in Sydney, Australia. We analysed ED presentations for LBP between January 2012 and October 2019. Outcomes were the prevalence of four key diagnostic categories of LBP and use of lumbar imaging. We examined trends in lumbar imaging over time and used interrupted time series analysis to determine the impact of model of care implementation on imaging use.

Results

There were 31 168 presentations for LBP of which 64.5% were non‐specific LBP, 27.2% were problems beyond the spine, 5.3% were LBP with neurological signs and 2.3% were serious spinal conditions. 28.9% received lumbar imaging; use did not change substantially between 2012 and 2019. Patients diagnosed with serious spinal conditions were more likely to receive imaging (59%) than those diagnosed with non‐specific LBP (29%). Implementation of a state‐wide model of care in November 2016 did not appear to influence imaging use.

Conclusion

Most presentations to the ED for LBP are for non‐specific LBP. Around 2% will have specific spinal pathology. Use of imaging in those diagnosed with non‐specific LBP remains high and was unaffected by implementation of a state‐wide model of care.
Managing patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma: Evolving landscape from an Australian perspective
Authors: Bae Susie , Brnabic Alan , Crowe Philip , Carey‐Smith Richard , Andelkovic Vladimir , Singhal Nimit , Stalley Paul , Yip Desmond , Desai Jayesh
Published: January 2022

Aim

Despite lack of advances in the first‐line systemic therapy, the overall survival (OS) has continued to improve in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) with the recent estimation of median OS at 20 months. Several systemic therapy options are available now for the second‐line and beyond, with more treatment tailored to histology and molecular subtype. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize current patterns of care in managing patients with advanced STS (aSTS) in Australia.

Methods

Sarcoma databases from 7 Australian sarcoma services were accessed to identify patients diagnosed with locally advanced inoperable and/or metastatic STS between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015. Baseline clinicopathological factors and initial treatment patterns were descriptively analyzed. For the Victorian cohort where treatment of aSTS and follow‐up details were available, further exploratory analysis was conducted to determine the impact of patient and tumor characteristics and the use of palliative‐intent treatment OS.

Results

Of 2261 cases of STS, 671 were deemed as aSTS. Two thirds were relapsed disease with a mean 1.9 years from initial diagnosis. Median age at diagnosis of aSTS was 59 years (18–95 years) and 56.3% was male. Histology classification revealed four main subtypes: undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) (23.1%), leiomyosarcoma (18.2%), liposarcoma (12.8%), synovial sarcoma (8.2%), and other comprising 14 STS subtypes. For the Victorian cohort (N = 361), approximately 80% of patients accessed palliative‐intent treatment of various modalities. Nearly 40% of patients underwent tumor‐debulking surgery or metastasectomy, of which lung wedge resection was the most common (N = 83, 47.7%). A total of 438 palliative‐intent radiotherapy treatments were delivered to 259 patients (71.7%), with the majority in the form of external beam radiotherapy. Palliative‐intent systemic therapy was delivered to 51.5% of patients (N = 186), mostly (73%). Anthracycline‐based therapy was the most commonly delivered therapy (N = 135, 72.6%). Approximately half of the patients in each line of therapy failed to proceed to the subsequent line of systemic therapy with 29.4% receiving three or more lines of therapy (N = 55). A total of 18.3% of patient (N = 34) participated in clinical trials or accessed off‐label drugs. The median OS for the Victoria cohort was 15.4 months (95% confidence interval: 12.1, 18.2). The UPS histology subtype was associated with poorer OS, whereas receiving any modality of palliative‐intent treatment conferred survival benefit.

Conclusion

In Australia, aSTS is managed with diverse treatment approaches comprising various therapy modalities. Further work is planned in describing healthcare resource utilization and estimating costs by this patient cohort.
Beyond cabazitaxel: Late line treatments in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer: A retrospective multicentre analysis
Authors: Chazan Grace , Anton Angelyn , Wong Shirley , Shapiro Julia , Weickhardt Andrew , Azad Arun , Kwan Edmond M , Spain Lavinia , Gunjur Ashray , Torres Javier , Parente Phillip , Parnis Francis , Goh Jeffrey , Gibbs Peter , Tran Ben
Published: January 2022

Aims

Multiple life‐prolonging therapies are available for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the optimal treatment strategy following progression through standard treatment with docetaxel, androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) and cabazitaxel, remains unclear. We aimed to describe treatment patterns in men with mCRPC following progression on standard treatments and determine whether subsequent treatment choice impacts overall survival.

Methods

Clinicopathologic and treatment data were extracted from the electronic CRPC Australian Database (ePAD) for patients who had received docetaxel, ARSIs and cabazitaxel in any order. Data were analyzed to compare groups that did versus did not receive subsequent systemic therapy. Treatment sequences, median duration of treatment, and median overall survival (mOS) were reported for each treatment group.

Results

Ninety‐eight eligible patients were identified, with 51 receiving subsequent systemic therapy. Those who received further treatment were younger (68 vs. 71 years, p < .01) but did not have any other differences in clinicopathologic features compared to those who received no further treatment. Patients who received upfront docetaxel were more likely to proceed to subsequent treatment (p = .02). Subsequent systemic therapies varied, the most common being carboplatin‐based regimens (n = 13, 25.5%) and many patients were rechallenged with ARSI (n = 10, 19.6%) or docetaxel (n = 6, 11.8%). There was no difference in mOS according to subsequent systemic therapy (p = .09).

Conclusion

This retrospective multicenter analysis demonstrates the variation in treatment sequences used for mCRPC in the real‐world setting. In the absence of high quality, prospective evidence, our results suggest that subsequent treatment choice does not influence survival outcomes and the optimal choice is guided by individual patient and disease‐related factors.
A phase I study of LCL161, a novel oral pan‐inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonist, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Morita Sachi , Minami Hironobu , Mitsuma Ayako , Toyoda Masanori , Kiyota Naomi , Ando Yuichi
Published: January 2022

Introduction

LCL161 is a novel oral pan‐inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonist. LCL161 enhances paclitaxel activity in cell lines and xenograft models. A phase I study of LCL161 combined with paclitaxel for the treatment of Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors was conducted.

Methods

Each patient received oral LCL161 in a single weekly dose on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 21‐day treatment cycle. In the second cycle, patients received a combination treatment with weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) whenever possible. A Bayesian logistic regression model by escalation with the overdose control principle was used.

Results

Nine patients were treated with LCL161 at a dose of 600 mg (five patients) or 1200 mg (four patients). Seven patients were treated with LCL161 plus paclitaxel, and two patients received only LCL161 monotherapy. Because this study was terminated early due to a change in the LCL161 development strategy, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not determined. One patient treated with LCL161 monotherapy at a dose of 1200 mg experienced dose limitind toxicity (grade 3 maculopapular rash). Another patient died on day 86 of bacterial pneumonia, which was suspected to be related to the study treatment. The most common serious adverse events were infections and infestations (n = 3).

Conclusion

The present study suggests that the risk of infection may increase when LCL161 is combined with paclitaxel, but other conclusions about the MTD, pharmacokinetic profile, and preliminary activity of the combination of LCL161 plus paclitaxel were not drawn.
Successful treatment of vulvovaginal lichen planus with tildrakizumab: A case series of 24 patients
Authors: Kherlopian Ashod , Fischer Gayle
Published: January 2022

Vulvovaginal lichen planus (VLP) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis affecting the genital skin and mucosa that can have a profound negative impact on patient quality of life. Up to 43% of women with VLP require systemic immunosuppression to achieve disease remission, and some individuals prove to be highly treatment resistant. We present a case series of 24 women with severe VLP who successfully achieved remission using off‐label treatment with the interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) monoclonal antibody blocker tildrakizumab, and highlight tildrakizumab as a treatment for women with recalcitrant VLP who have failed more conservative treatments.
Nightmares of a Dying World and the Dream of a Counter‐Apocalypse
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2022

In common parlance, an apocalypse refers to a calamity that signals the end. It represents a closure. But the original meaning in the biblical Greek is the opposite. Apocalypse means “revelation” or disclosure. It offers hope, not despair. For the early Christians facing persecution by the Roman Empire, hope was disclosed in a coded narrative that showed the hidden weakness of their tormentors. The “beast” of imperial power and the “great whore” of its global economy crash in mutual destruction. For us, the revelation we most need is reflexive: signs that will enable us to see clearly how our current civilization is self‐destructive. If the new Rome is the Pax Americana, the empire that the United States has imposed on much of the world in the name of democracy and freedom, the “whore of Babylon” is the global economy. Once again, what appears on the surface to be an unstoppable force of progress is the engine of its own destruction. Right‐wing Christians have inverted the vision, seeing, by analogy, the emperor as the one being persecuted. Rather than abandoning the apocalypse to reactionary literalizations or liberal paralysis, we may read it in terms of a counter‐apocalypse. Not a mere anti‐apocalypse, this symbolic strategy helps us to address such cataclysmic threats as climate change in the spirit of an honest hope, beyond panic or evasion.
Q fever prevention: Perspectives from university animal science and veterinary students and livestock farmers
Authors: Rahaman Md Rezanur , Burgess Teresa , Marshall Helen , Milazzo Adriana , Chaber Anne‐Lise , Crabb Deane , Bi Peng
Published: January 2022

Objective

To explore animal science and veterinary students’ and livestock farmers’ perceptions concerning Q fever prevention.

Design

An online survey with an open‐ended question seeking knowledge and perceptions about Q fever prevention was distributed among participants during March‐September 2019. We applied thematic analysis to identify emerging themes.

Setting

Animal science and veterinary students enrolled at the University of Adelaide and members of Livestock South Australia representing cattle, sheep and goat farmers in South Australia.

Participants

A total of56 animal science and veterinary students and 154 livestock farmers responded to the open‐ended question.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main outcome measures

Perceived challenges and opportunities for a coordinated Q fever prevention approach including human vaccination reported by the participants.

Results

Two major themes arose in each group. Students and farmers viewed Q fever vaccination as important. However, excessive cost for students was a barrier and for farmers, it was general practitioners' lack of knowledge of Q fever and access to an accredited immunisation provider. Similarly, both groups highlighted the need for education and increasing public and community awareness of Q fever.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore that a sector‐wide approach involving community awareness programmes, education and training for general practitioners, and subsidised vaccination as well as commitment from government and industry partners may contribute to reducing the burden of Q fever among at‐risk populations.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of oesophageal diseases
Authors: Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Barberio Brigida , Gregori Dario , Azzolina Danila , Martinato Matteo , Hassan Cesare , Sharma Prateek , Savarino Edoardo , de Bortoli Nicola
Published: January 2022

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently been applied to endoscopy and questionnaires for the evaluation of oesophageal diseases (ODs).

Aim

We performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis to evaluate the performance of AI in the diagnosis of malignant and benign OD.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMBASE Classic and the Cochrane Library. A bivariate random‐effect model was used to calculate pooled diagnostic efficacy of AI models and endoscopists. The reference tests were histology for neoplasms and the clinical and instrumental diagnosis for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The pooled area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR and NLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were estimated.

Results

For the diagnosis of Barrett's neoplasia, AI had AUROC of 0.90, sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.86, PLR 6.50, NLR 0.13 and DOR 50.53. AI models’ performance was comparable with that of endoscopists (P = 0.35). For the diagnosis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the AUROC, sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR and DOR were 0.97, 0.95, 0.92, 12.65, 0.05 and DOR 258.36, respectively. In this task, AI performed better than endoscopists although without statistically significant differences. In the detection of abnormal intrapapillary capillary loops, the performance of AI was: AUROC 0.98, sensitivity 0.94, specificity 0.94, PLR 14.75, NLR 0.07 and DOR 225.83. For the diagnosis of GERD based on questionnaires, the AUROC, sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR and DOR were 0.99, 0.97, 0.97, 38.26, 0.03 and 1159.6, respectively.

Conclusions

AI demonstrated high performance in the clinical and endoscopic diagnosis of OD.
Understanding the evolution of viviparity using intraspecific variation in reproductive mode and transitional forms of pregnancy
Authors: Whittington Camilla M. , Van Dyke James U. , Liang Stephanie Q. T. , Edwards Scott V. , Shine Richard , Thompson Michael B. , Grueber Catherine E.
Published: January 2022

How innovations such as vision, flight and pregnancy evolve is a central question in evolutionary biology. Examination of transitional (intermediate) forms of these traits can help address this question, but these intermediate phenotypes are very rare in extant species. Here we explore the biology and evolution of transitional forms of pregnancy that are midway between the ancestral state of oviparity (egg‐laying) and the derived state, viviparity (live birth). Transitional forms of pregnancy occur in only three vertebrates, all of which are lizard species that also display intraspecific variation in reproductive phenotype. In these lizards (Lerista bougainvillii, Saiphos equalis, and Zootoca vivipara), geographic variation of three reproductive forms occurs within a single species: oviparity, viviparity, and a transitional form of pregnancy. This phenomenon offers the valuable prospect of watching ‘evolution in action’. In these species, it is possible to conduct comparative research using different reproductive forms that are not confounded by speciation, and are of relatively recent origin. We identify major proximate and ultimate questions that can be addressed in these species, and the genetic and genomic tools that can help us understand how transitional forms of pregnancy are produced, despite predicted fitness costs. We argue that these taxa represent an excellent prospect for understanding the major evolutionary shift between egg‐laying and live birth, which is a fundamental innovation in the history of animals.
Inhibition of adult T‐cell leukemia cell proliferation by polymerized proanthocyanidin from blueberry leaves through JAK proteolysis
Authors: Ichikawa Tomonaga , Sugamoto Kazuhiro , Matsuura Yasushi , Kunitake Hisato , Shimoda Kazuya , Morishita Kazuhiro
Published: January 2022

We have previously reported that the proanthocyanidin (PAC) fraction of blueberry leaf extract (BB‐PAC) inhibits the proliferation of HTLV‐1‐infected adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) by inducing apoptosis. In the present study, we further analyzed the structure of BB‐PAC and elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory function of HTLV‐1‐infected and ATL cells. After hot water extraction with fractionation with methanol‐acetone, BB‐PAC was found to be concentrated in fractions 4 to 7 (Fr7). The strongest inhibition of ATL cell growth was observed with Fr7, which contained the highest BB‐PAC polymerization degree of 14. The basic structure of BB‐PAC is mainly B‐type bonds, with A‐type bonds (7.1%) and cinchonain I units as the terminal unit (6.1%). The molecular mechanism of cytotoxicity observed around Fr7 against ATL cells was the degradation of JAK1 to 3 and the dephosphorylation of STAT3/5, which occurs by proteasome‐dependent proteolysis, confirming that PAC directly binds to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). JAK degradation was caused by proteasome‐dependent proteolysis, and we identified the direct binding of PAC to HSP90. In addition, the binding of cochaperone ATPase homolog 1 (AHA1) to HSP90, which is required for activation of the cofactor HSP90, was inhibited by BB‐PAC treatment. Therefore, BB‐PAC inhibited the formation of the HSP90/AHA1 complex and promoted the degradation of JAK protein due to HSP90 dysfunction. These results suggest that the highly polymerized PAC component from blueberry leaves has great potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent against HTLV‐1‐infected and ATL cells.
Intranodal delivery of modified docetaxel: Innovative therapeutic method to inhibit tumor cell growth in lymph nodes
Authors: Sukhbaatar Ariunbuyan , Mori Shiro , Kodama Tetsuya
Published: January 2022

Delivery of chemotherapeutic agents into metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) is challenging as they are unevenly distributed in the body. They are difficult to access via traditional systemic routes of drug administration, which produce significant adverse effects and result in low accumulation of drugs into the cancerous LN. To improve the survival rate of patients with LN metastasis, a lymphatic drug delivery system (LDDS) has been developed to target metastatic LN by delivering chemotherapy agents into sentinel LN (SLN) under ultrasound guidance. The LDDS is an advanced method that can be applied in the early stage of the progression of tumor cells in the SLN before tumor mass formation has occurred. Here we investigated the optimal physicochemical ranges of chemotherapeutic agents’ solvents with the aim of increasing treatment efficacy using the LDDS. We found that an appropriate osmotic pressure range for drug administration was 700–3,000 kPa, with a viscosity < 40 mPa⋅s. In these physicochemical ranges, expansion of lymphatic vessels and sinuses, drug retention, and subsequent antitumor effects could be more precisely controlled. Furthermore, the antitumor effects depended on the tumor progression stage in the SLN, the injection rate, and the volumes of administered drugs. We anticipate these optimal ranges to be a starting point for developing more effective drug regimens to treat metastatic LN with the LDDS.
Homeschooling: What do we know and what do we need to learn?
Authors: Valiente Carlos , Spinrad Tracy L. , Ray Brian D. , Eisenberg Nancy , Ruof Ariana
Published: January 2022

In this article, we identify approaches for understanding more thoroughly the academic and social experiences of homeschooled students. The growth of the homeschooling movement in the United States, questions about the need for additional regulation, and the importance of high‐quality education for children motivate this scholarly effort. We begin by defining homeschooling and outlining why it is a topic worthy of study. Next, we describe who is homeschooled, motivations for homeschooling, and ways parents engage in homeschooling. Preliminary evidence suggests that homeschoolers perform equal to or better than their conventionally schooled peers on measures of achievement and socioemotional functioning, but methodological limitations, especially selection effects, make it premature to draw definitive conclusions. Throughout the article, we offer suggestions for advancing knowledge on homeschooling.
European patch test results with audit allergens as candidates for inclusion in the European Baseline Series, 2019/20: Joint results of the ESSCAA and the EBSB working groups of the ESCD, and the GEIDACC
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Wilkinson S. Mark , Aerts Olivier , Bauer Andrea , Borrego Leopoldo , Buhl Timo , Cooper Susan M. , Dickel Heinrich , Gallo Rosella , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M. , John Swen M. , Navarini Alexander A. , Pesonen Maria , Pónyai Györgyi , Rustemeyer Thomas , Schliemann Sibylle , Schubert Steffen , Schuttelaar Marie‐Louise A. , Valiukevičienė Skaidra , Wagner Nicola , Weisshaar Elke , Gonçalo Margarida ,   for the ESSCA and EBS ESCD working groups, and the GEIDAC
Published: January 2022

Background

In 2019, a number of allergens (haptens), henceforth, “the audit allergens,” were considered as potential additions to the European Baseline Series (EBS), namely, sodium metabisulfite, 2‐bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, Compositae mix II (2.5% or 5% pet), linalool hydroperoxides (lin‐OOH), limonene hydroperoxides (lim‐OOH), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT), decyl glucoside, and lauryl glucoside; Evernia furfuracea (tree moss), was additionally tested by some departments as well.

Objectives

To collect further data on patch test reactivity and clinical relevance of the audit allergens in consecutive patients across Europe.

Methods

Patch test data covering the audit allergens in 2019 and 2020 were collected by those departments of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies testing these, as well as further collaborators from the EBS working group of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD), and the Spanish Grupo Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea. As patch test outcome, reactions between day (D) 3 and D5 were considered.

Results

Altogether n = 12 403 patients were tested with any of the audit allergen. Positive reactions were most common to lin‐OOH 1% pet. (8.74% [95%CI: 8.14–9.37%]), followed by lin‐OOH 0.5% pet., and lim‐OOH 0.3% pet (5.41% [95% CI: 4.95–5.89%]). Beyond these terpene hydroperoxides, BIT 0.1% pet. was the second most common allergen with 4.72% (95% CI: 4.2–5.28%), followed by sodium metabisulfite 1% pet. (3.75% [95%CI: 3.32–4.23%]) and Compositae mix 5% pet. (2.31% [95% CI: 1.84–2.87%]). For some allergens, clinical relevance was frequently difficult to ascertain.

Conclusions

Despite many positive patch test reactions, it remains controversial whether lin‐ and lim‐OOH should be tested routinely, while at least the two preservatives BIT and sodium metabisulfite appear suitable. The present results are a basis for further discussion and ultimately decision on their implementation into routine testing among the ESCD members.
Monoamine neurotransmitters in early epileptic encephalopathies: New insights into pathophysiology and therapy
Authors: Juliá‐Palacios Natalia , Molina‐Anguita Cristina , Sigatulina Bondarenko María , Cortès‐Saladelafont Elisenda , Aparicio Javier , Cuadras Daniel , Horvath Gabriella , Fons Carmen , Artuch Rafael , García‐Cazorla Àngels ,   Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu Working Group
Published: January 2022

Aim

To study neurotransmitter status in children with early epileptic and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) and to explore the clinical response to dopaminergic and serotoninergic therapies in a group of patients.

Method

Two hundred and five patients (111 males [54.1.%] and 94 females [45.9%], mean age 10 months at the onset of epilepsy [SD 1 year 1 month], range 0–3 year) with epileptic encephalopathy/DEE were recruited, including those with West syndrome, Ohtahara syndrome, early myoclonic encephalopathy, epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures, myoclonic encephalopathy in non‐progressive disorders, infantile spasms, Doose syndrome, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Landau–Kleffner syndrome, and those unclassified. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitter studies and patients' medical records were reviewed. Additionally, we present clinical data of 10 patients with low CSF neurotransmitter levels who received dopaminergic/serotoninergic treatments.

Results

Abnormal neurotransmitter values were identified in 68 (33%) patients. 5‐Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) deficit was the most prevalent alteration (91%). Low CSF 5‐HIAA levels were significantly higher in 1‐ to 3‐year‐old children. A negative significant correlation was found between 5‐HIAA levels and epilepsy duration before CSF study (Spearman's ρ=−0.191, p=0.007). Abnormalities in deep grey matter were associated with low levels of CSF homovanillic acid and 5‐HIAA. Ten patients with low CSF neurotransmitter levels received dopamine and/or serotonin therapies. Six of them showed initial decrease of seizure frequency and severity and maintained improvement in some neurodevelopmental skills.

Interpretation

A considerable number of patients showed neurotransmitter abnormalities. Age at seizure onset and duration of epilepsy before CSF study were the principal factors related to neurotransmitter depletion. Early monoamine supplementation would seem advisable as a neuroprotective strategy.

What this paper adds

5‐Hydroxyindoleacetic acid homeostasis is especially vulnerable in patients with epileptic encephalopathy/developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Age of seizure onset and duration of epilepsy are determinants of neurotransmitter depletion.
The Mulloon Rehydration Initiative: The project’s establishment and monitoring framework
Authors: Peel Luke , Hazell Peter , Bernardi Tony , Dovers Stephen , Freudenberger David , Hall Carolyn , Hazell Donna , Jehne Walter , Moore Leah , Nairn Gary
Published: January 2022

The Mulloon Rehydration Initiative is a case study highlighting the challenges of integrating research into a catchment scale land‐repair project involving multiple landowners and partners. Starting with an innovative project in 2006 to install ‘leaky weirs’ on a single property, the project has now expanded to include stream rehabilitation works on 16 properties and aims to cover an area of 23,000 ha of the Mulloon Creek, NSW and its main tributaries. Here, we describe the establishment phase of the project and the design of its monitoring framework.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients with functional paralysis: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Chastan Nathalie , Etard Olivier , Parain Dominique , Gerardin Priscille , Fouldrin Gaël , Derambure Philippe , Tard Céline , Gillibert André , Nathou Clément , Delval Arnaud , Welter Marie‐Laure , Guillin Olivier
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed to treat functional neurological disorders. Here, the aim was to assess the efficacy of rTMS to treat functional paralysis in a controlled randomized trial.

Methods

Patients received two sessions of active or sham 0.25 Hz rTMS (60 stimuli each), with a 1‐day interval, applied over the motor cortex contralateral to the paralysis. The primary outcome was the number of patients with an increase in motor score between baseline and after the second rTMS session, rated by two investigators blinded to the treatment allocation. Secondary outcomes were changes in global and fine motor scores between groups after rTMS, and the occurrence of adverse events.

Results

Sixty‐two patients (46 female; mean [SD] age, 35.2 [13.9] years) were enrolled and randomized. Thirteen out of 32 (41%) and 11/30 (37%) patients had increased motor strength after active or sham rTMS, respectively (p = 0.80). Changes in both global and fine motor scores after rTMS relative to baseline were also not significantly different between treatment groups (median difference in the global motor score 0.62 [0.83] and 0.37 [0.61], and in the fine motor scores 0.12 [0.18] and 0.08 [0.11], in active and sham rTMS groups, respectively; p = 0.14). Six serious adverse events, consisting of three cephalalgia in the active group and two cephalalgia and one asthenia in the sham group, were observed.

Conclusions

Two sessions of sham or active low frequency rTMS were effective to improve functional paralysis, suggesting a placebo effect of this non‐invasive brain stimulation technique.
Fruit fly phylogeny imprints bacterial gut microbiota
Authors: Ravigné Virginie , Becker Nathalie , Massol François , Guichoux Erwan , Boury Christophe , Mahé Frédéric , Facon Benoit
Published: January 2022

Abstract

One promising avenue for reconciling the goals of crop production and ecosystem preservation consists in the manipulation of beneficial biotic interactions, such as between insects and microbes. Insect gut microbiota can affect host fitness by contributing to development, host immunity, nutrition, or behavior. However, the determinants of gut microbiota composition and structure, including host phylogeny and host ecology, remain poorly known. Here, we used a well‐studied community of eight sympatric fruit fly species to test the contributions of fly phylogeny, fly specialization, and fly sampling environment on the composition and structure of bacterial gut microbiota. Comprising both specialists and generalists, these species belong to five genera from to two tribes of the Tephritidae family. For each fly species, one field and one laboratory samples were studied. Bacterial inventories to the genus level were produced using 16S metabarcoding with the Oxford Nanopore Technology. Sample bacterial compositions were analyzed with recent network‐based clustering techniques. Whereas gut microbiota were dominated by the Enterobacteriaceae family in all samples, microbial profiles varied across samples, mainly in relation to fly identity and sampling environment. Alpha diversity varied across samples and was higher in the Dacinae tribe than in the Ceratitinae tribe. Network analyses allowed grouping samples according to their microbial profiles. The resulting groups were very congruent with fly phylogeny, with a significant modulation of sampling environment, and with a very low impact of fly specialization. Such a strong imprint of host phylogeny in sympatric fly species, some of which share much of their host plants, suggests important control of fruit flies on their gut microbiota through vertical transmission and/or intense filtering of environmental bacteria.
Research on the improvement path of international competitiveness of China's agricultural product supply chain from the perspective of machine learning
Authors: Lei Juan
Published: January 2022

In order to explore the international competitiveness of China's agricultural product supply chain, this paper combines machine learning algorithms to optimize the data processing process of agricultural product supply chain, and proposes a data processing method for agricultural product supply chain based on the intra‐column rules and inter‐column rules. According to the problems of my country's agricultural product supply chain, this paper establishes a new agricultural product supply chain management model based on the various modules of the supply chain link, and constructs a corresponding intelligent analysis model. Moreover, this paper combines machine learning algorithms to study the improvement path of the international competitiveness of China's agricultural product supply chain, and builds an intelligent model to improve the international competitiveness of China's agricultural products. Finally, after constructing the model, this paper obtains the path to improve the international competitiveness of China's agricultural products through the simulation operation model, which also verifies the effectiveness of the intelligent algorithm of this paper from the side.
Numerical investigation of hemodynamic pattern in carotid artery dynamic aneurysm on bifurcation region for early clinical decision making
Authors: Sikkandar Mohamed Yacin , Almedhun Ahmed Ayman A.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a numerical estimation of wall shear stress (WSS) and study on hemodynamic pattern in carotid artery (CA) near the bifurcation region with dynamic growth of aneurysm using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for making early clinical decision is presented. Aneurysm in the carotid artery affects the blood supply to brain and if it is untreated at early stage may lead to sudden death. Computed tomography images of four different cases of stroke subjects scanned of 600 slices with 1 mm resolution with neighbouring layers from neck to head are considered for this study. Numerically a CA with bifurcation region is developed from these images and aneurysm is and allowed to grow dynamically from 10 to 20 mm. WSS and hemodynamic pattern is estimated numerically using Ansys platform at various region of interest in both rigid and compliant wall conditions. The arterial wall thinning was analytically estimated using thick cylinder theory to estimate the increase in aneurysm under various stress conditions (rest and exercise conditions). The findings show that WSS is found to reduce at the aneurysm region with a corresponding strong vortex pattern. Thus, the vortex pattern could be the cause of tissue damage and thinning rather than WSS. The corresponding increase in velocity gradient at the bifurcation region is also captured. This high gradient is the cause for higher WSS at the bifurcation region which is a possible cause for the formation of plaque and arteriosclerosis. It is interesting to note that the WSS did not change drastically for 10 and 15 mm aneurysm but a large change was seen from normal to 10 and 15–20 mm respectively. This study provides a better clinical insight on the effect of aneurysm in CA bifurcation region using a systematic approach to numerical modelling compared to traditional imaging modalities. It can be used as an adjunct tool for physicians and surgeons for planning necessary clinical interventions.
Individual investors' dispersion in beliefs and stock returns
Authors: Ma Junjun , Li Xindan , Lu Lei , Wu Weixing , Xiong Xiong
Published: January 2022

We construct a measure of dispersion in beliefs among individual investors. We find that dispersion in beliefs negatively predicts future cross‐sectional stock returns, and it is positively related to trading volume and stock volatility. We also find that illiquidity does not affect the significance of dispersion in beliefs in predicting future stock return, and that the negative disagreement‐return relation is significant under high‐sentiment periods but becomes insignificant under low‐sentiment periods. Moreover, investor characteristics affect their dispersion in beliefs even when controlling firm fundamentals. In particular, stocks with more wealthy, younger, and male investors tend to have higher dispersion in beliefs, and stocks with more experienced investors have lower dispersion in beliefs.
Decoupled responses of above‐ and below‐ground stability of productivity to nitrogen addition at the local and larger spatial scale
Authors: Yang Guo‐Jiao , Hautier Yann , Zhang Zi‐Jia , Lü Xiao‐Tao , Han Xing‐Guo
Published: January 2022

Temporal stability of net primary productivity (NPP) is important for predicting the reliable provisioning of ecosystem services under global changes. Although nitrogen (N) addition is known to affect the temporal stability of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), it is unclear how it impacts that of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) and NPP, and whether such effects are scale dependent. Here, using experimental N addition in a grassland, we found different responses of ANPP and BNPP stability to N addition at the local scale and that these responses propagated to the larger spatial scale. That is, N addition significantly decreased the stability of ANPP but did not affect the stability of BNPP and NPP at the two scales investigated. Additionally, spatial asynchrony of both ANPP and BNPP among communities provided greater stability at the larger scale and was not affected by N addition. Our findings challenge the traditional view that N addition would reduce ecosystem stability based on results from aboveground dynamics, thus highlighting the importance of viewing ecosystem stability from a whole system perspective.
The impacts of mangrove range expansion on wetland ecosystem services in the southeastern United States: Current understanding, knowledge gaps, and emerging research needs
Authors: Osland Michael J. , Hughes A. Randall , Armitage Anna R. , Scyphers Steven B. , Cebrian Just , Swinea Savannah H. , Shepard Christine C. , Allen Micheal S. , Feher Laura C. , Nelson James A. , O’Brien Cherie L. , Sanspree Colt R. , Smee Delbert L. , Snyder Caitlin M. , Stetter Andrew P. , Stevens Philip W. , Swanson Kathleen M. , Williams Lauren H. , Brush Janell M. , Marchionno Joseph , Bardou Rémi
Published: January 2022

Climate change is transforming ecosystems and affecting ecosystem goods and services. Along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the southeastern United States, the frequency and intensity of extreme freeze events greatly influence whether coastal wetlands are dominated by freeze‐sensitive woody plants (mangrove forests) or freeze‐tolerant grass‐like plants (salt marshes). In response to warming winters, mangroves have been expanding and displacing salt marshes at varying degrees of severity in parts of north Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. As winter warming accelerates, mangrove range expansion is expected to increasingly modify wetland ecosystem structure and function. Because there are differences in the ecological and societal benefits that salt marshes and mangroves provide, coastal environmental managers are challenged to anticipate the effects of mangrove expansion on critical wetland ecosystem services, including those related to carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, storm protection, erosion reduction, water purification, fisheries support, and recreation. Mangrove range expansion may also affect wetland stability in the face of extreme climatic events and rising sea levels. Here, we review the current understanding of the effects of mangrove range expansion and displacement of salt marshes on wetland ecosystem services in the southeastern United States. We also identify critical knowledge gaps and emerging research needs regarding the ecological and societal implications of salt marsh displacement by expanding mangrove forests. One consistent theme throughout our review is that there are ecological trade‐offs for consideration by coastal managers. Mangrove expansion and marsh displacement can produce beneficial changes in some ecosystem services, while simultaneously producing detrimental changes in other services. Thus, there can be local‐scale differences in perceptions of the impacts of mangrove expansion into salt marshes. For very specific local reasons, some individuals may see mangrove expansion as a positive change to be embraced, while others may see mangrove expansion as a negative change to be constrained.
Hydroclimatic adaptation critical to the resilience of tropical forests
Authors: Singh Chandrakant , van der Ent Ruud , Wang‐Erlandsson Lan , Fetzer Ingo
Published: January 2022

Forest and savanna ecosystems naturally exist as alternative stable states. The maximum capacity of these ecosystems to absorb perturbations without transitioning to the other alternative stable state is referred to as ‘resilience’. Previous studies have determined the resilience of terrestrial ecosystems to hydroclimatic changes predominantly based on space‐for‐time substitution. This substitution assumes that the contemporary spatial frequency distribution of ecosystems’ tree cover structure holds across time. However, this assumption is problematic since ecosystem adaptation over time is ignored. Here we empirically study tropical forests’ stability and hydroclimatic adaptation dynamics by examining remotely sensed tree cover change (ΔTC; aboveground ecosystem structural change) and root zone storage capacity (Sr; buffer capacity towards water‐stress) over the last two decades. We find that ecosystems at high (>75%) and low (<10%) tree cover adapt by instigating considerable subsoil investment, and therefore experience limited ΔTC—signifying stability. In contrast, unstable ecosystems at intermediate (30%–60%) tree cover are unable to exploit the same level of adaptation as stable ecosystems, thus showing considerable ΔTC. Ignoring this adaptive mechanism can underestimate the resilience of the forest ecosystems, which we find is largely underestimated in the case of the Congo rainforests. The results from this study emphasise the importance of the ecosystem's temporal dynamics and adaptation in inferring and assessing the risk of forest‐savannah transitions under rapid hydroclimatic change.
Experiencing liminality: At the crossroads of neoliberal and gendered experiences
Authors: Doshi Vijayta
Published: January 2022

Women entrepreneurship literature has unveiled the gendered assumptions of entrepreneurship. More recently, critical woman entrepreneurship literature is increasingly focusing on the neoliberal discourses in women entrepreneurship. What remains relatively under‐explored is how women entrepreneurs experience the tensions amidst neoliberal and gendered experiences especially in the context of the Global South. Based on the narratives of middle to upper‐middle‐class women entrepreneurs in India, I find that being middle to upper‐middle‐class, women entrepreneurs shared a sense of attaining a neoliberal agency through entrepreneurship, so much so that they ignored, denied, or naturalized the gendered constraints in entrepreneurship. However, soon their accounts reflected an underlying tension as they admitted facing gendered constraints while previously denying them. I contribute to the literature of women entrepreneurship by theorizing the conflicting narratives of women entrepreneurs using the concept of liminality. In doing so, I extend the concept of liminality as an in‐between position of neoliberal and gendered experiences.