bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Differential Coercion and Social Support Theory to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Zavala Egbert , Kurtz Don L.
Published: September 2017

A review of the current body of literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) shows that the most common theories used to explain this public health issue are social learning theory, a general theory of crime, general strain theory, or a combination of these perspectives. Other criminological theories have received less empirical attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply Differential Coercion and Social Support (DCSS) theory to test its capability to explain IPV. Data collected from two public universities ( N = 492) shows that three out of four measures of coercion (i.e., physical abuse, emotional abuse, and anticipated strain) predicted IPV perpetration, whereas social support was not found to be significant. Only two social-psychological deficits (anger and self-control) were found to be positive and significant in predicting IPV. Results, as well as the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research, are discussed.
Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, and PLCRi) in Healthy Dogs, Dogs With Periodontitis, and Dogs With Oropharyngeal Tumors as Potential Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammatory Response
Authors: Rejec Ana , Butinar Janos , Gawor Jerzy , Petelin Milan
Published: September 2017

The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess complete blood count (CBC) indices of dogs with periodontitis (PD; n = 73) and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors (OT; n = 92) in comparison to CBC indices of healthy dogs (HD; n = 71). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume to platelet ratio, and platelet large cell ratio index (PLCRi) were evaluated as biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response provoked by PD and OT. Results of multivariable polytomous logistic regression analysis indicated no significant associations between CBC indices and PD. Both NLR and PLCRi were significantly higher in dogs with OT when compared to HD and dogs with PD and could, therefore, indicate a tumor-associated systemic inflammatory response. Additional studies of CBC indices, along with other biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response, are recommended to validate them as reliable indicators of clinical disease activity.
Bayesian quantile regression-based partially linear mixed-effects joint models for longitudinal data with multiple features
Authors: Zhang Hanze , Huang Yangxin , Wang Wei , Chen Henian , Langland-Orban Barbara
Published: September 2017

In longitudinal AIDS studies, it is of interest to investigate the relationship between HIV viral load and CD4 cell counts, as well as the complicated time effect. Most of common models to analyze such complex longitudinal data are based on mean-regression, which fails to provide efficient estimates due to outliers and/or heavy tails. Quantile regression-based partially linear mixed-effects models, a special case of semiparametric models enjoying benefits of both parametric and nonparametric models, have the flexibility to monitor the viral dynamics nonparametrically and detect the varying CD4 effects parametrically at different quantiles of viral load. Meanwhile, it is critical to consider various data features of repeated measurements, including left-censoring due to a limit of detection, covariate measurement error, and asymmetric distribution. In this research, we first establish a Bayesian joint models that accounts for all these data features simultaneously in the framework of quantile regression-based partially linear mixed-effects models. The proposed models are applied to analyze the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) data. Simulation studies are also conducted to assess the performance of the proposed methods under different scenarios.
The Effect of R&D Alliance Diversity and Network Position on Firm Innovation Performance: Evidence from the Emerging Biotechnology Industry
Authors: Wang Chun Hsien , Quan Xiaohong Iris
Published: September 2017

Despite increasing attention to the role of diverse alliances in emerging market, few studies have explicitly explored the roles of environment and network position on diverse R&D alliances. This study investigates how environment and network position interact with diverse R&D alliances to affect firm innovation performance. Specifically, we examine the moderating effects of technology uncertainty, market uncertainty, network centrality position and competitive intensity. The findings from a survey of 144 biotechnology firms indicate that diverse R&D alliances have a positive effect on firms’ innovation performance, and these effects are moderated by environmental factors and alliance network position. The overall R&D alliance network was also examined to understand a broad variety of collaboration patterns of emerging biotechnology firms.
Role of Information in SMEs Supporting Services on Business Performance in South Korea
Authors: Park Hun , Kwon Tae-Hoon , Jang Tae-Jong , Yoo Jae-Young , Lee Ho-Shin , Moon Seong-Hee , Hahn Hyuk
Published: September 2017

The research objective of our study is to find the route how the information provided in small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) supporting services in South Korea affects business performances. Investigation into business performances from SME supporting services was conducted by a survey method. The survey data was statistically analysed by using SPSS program. A research model was designed by using a mediation model. In our research model, information utilisation of SME supporting services was selected as an independent variable; contribution degree to decision-making, growth of information competitiveness and customer satisfaction were introduced as mediating variables; and SME business performances, such as contribution degree to growth of current revenue, future revenue, future export and current employment, were used as dependent variables. Correlation and regression were analysed to investigate the relationship between two variables such as independent variables versus mediating variables, independent variables versus dependent variables and mediating variables versus dependent variables. The route from information provision in SME supporting services to business performances was clarified by using Baron and Kenny’s mediation model.
The Effectiveness of Parenting Programs
Authors: Barlow Jane , Coren Esther
Published: September 2017

Parenting practices predict important outcomes for children, and parenting programs are potentially effective means of supporting parents to promote optimal outcomes for children. This review summarizes findings of systematic reviews of parenting programs published in the Campbell Library. Six reviews evaluated the effectiveness of a range of parenting programs in the primary and secondary prevention of behavioral problems (children aged 0–3 years), treatment of early onset conduct disorder (children aged 3–12 years), and improving outcomes for parents and children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, outcomes for particular groups of parents and children (i.e., with intellectual disabilities and teenagers), and the psychosocial functioning of parents. The findings show that parenting programs are effective in improving the emotional and behavioral adjustment of children in addition to enhancing the psychosocial well-being of parents. They also suggest that further research is needed to assess their effectiveness for specific subgroups of parents in addition to their long-term effectiveness.
A Transcription and Translation Protocol for Sensitive Cross-Cultural Team Research
Authors: Clark Lauren , Birkhead Ana Sanchez , Fernandez Cecilia , Egger Marlene J.
Published: September 2017

Assurance of transcript accuracy and quality in interview-based qualitative research is foundational for data accuracy and study validity. Based on our experience in a cross-cultural ethnographic study of women’s pelvic organ prolapse, we provide practical guidance to set up step-by-step interview transcription and translation protocols for team-based research on sensitive topics. Beginning with team decisions about level of detail in transcription, completeness, and accuracy, we operationalize the process of securing vendors to deliver the required quality of transcription and translation. We also share rubrics for assessing transcript quality and the team protocol for managing transcripts (assuring consistency of format, insertion of metadata, anonymization, and file labeling conventions) and procuring an acceptable initial translation of Spanish-language interviews. Accurate, complete, and systematically constructed transcripts in both source and target languages respond to the call for more transparency and reproducibility of scientific methods.
Epideictic Rhetoric Born Digital
Authors: Tomlinson Elizabeth , Newman Sara
Published: September 2017

The letter of recommendation (LOR) plays a significant role in the application process for many professional positions, offering descriptive rather than quantitative information from a third party about an individual’s potential fit within the hiring organization. Such letters, however, increasingly appear online, emphasizing existing problems within the genre and creating others involving trust, reliability, and confidentiality. Typically, the response has been that such digitization of the LOR minimizes its significance or standardizes it. This article analyzes the digital LOR genre as an exemplar of epideictic rhetoric situated within a Perelmanian framework and demonstrates how the digital LOR operates rhetorically, enhancing the adherence between candidate, writer, audience, and institutional values and providing a means of evaluating candidate fit. The article also offers a rhetorical heuristic that captures how audiences can more fruitfully read the epideictic, digital LOR, thereby demonstrating how to optimize the digital platform’s benefits and still use the LOR to its best rhetorical advantage.
The Good, the Not So Bad, and the Ugly of Competitive Human Resource Practices: A Multidisciplinary Conceptual Framework
Authors: Sapegina Anastasia , Weibel Antoinette
Published: September 2017

Human resource (HR) practices used to inject internal competition into the workplace are the subject of heated debates in business practice; this is however not the case in the field of human resource management (HRM) research. In this article, we first augment previous research in the field to offer an initial conceptualization of competitive HR practices. We then develop a conceptual framework that explains the processes and conditions that drive and determine the impact of competitive HR practices on employees at work. Blending insights from social comparison theory and uncertainty research, we theorize a set of conditions that specify when competitive HR practices unfold their “dark” side, and when the “not so bad” or even “a good side” of competitive HR practices might emerge.
Bootstrapping: Reviewing the Literature, Clarifying the Construct, and Charting a New Path Forward
Authors: Rutherford Matthew W. , Pollack Jeffrey M. , Mazzei Matthew J. , Sanchez-Ruiz Paul
Published: September 2017

We contend that exploring the construct of bootstrapping could be much more nuanced and interesting than the extant literature has revealed. Unfortunately, the extant literature is stymied by conflicting theoretical as well as empirical landscapes. We address the critical lacunas in the literature by (a) situating the construct of bootstrapping in its historical, chronological context; (b) providing clarity to a construct that is currently lacking; (c) summarizing the theoretical bases which currently apply to bootstrapping; and (d) proposing signaling theory as an appropriate and complementary perspective to use when examining bootstrapping. In addition, our work identifies multiple lines of compelling and novel research that emerge from our approach to the construct of bootstrapping via signaling theory.
Sexualization, Youthification, and Adultification: A Content Analysis of Images of Girls and Women in Popular Magazines
Authors: Gerding Speno Ashton , Aubrey Jennifer Stevens
Published: September 2017

The present study examines the “adultification” of girls and “youthification” of women in popular magazines, in which girls are “dressed up” to look like women, and women are “dressed down” to look like girls. The analysis includes a total of 540 advertising and editorial images from women’s, men’s, and teen girls’ U.S. magazines. Results show that adultification is more prevalent than youthification, that youthification is equally prevalent in men’s and women’s magazines, that girls who are adultified are more likely to be provocatively dressed and exhibit sexy facial expressions, and that advertising and editorial images are equally likely to feature adultification and youthification.
Discombobulations and Transitions: Using Blogs to Make Meaning of and From Within Liminal Experiences
Authors: MacLaren Jessica , Georgiadou Lorena , Bradford Jan , Taylor Liz
Published: September 2017

We live in a digitalized world, where social media have become an integral part of scholarly life. Digital tools like blogs can facilitate various research-related activities, from recruitment, to data collection, to communication of research findings. In this article, we analyze our experience of blogging to suggest that they provide a useful resource for qualitative researchers working with reflexive accounts of personal experience. Through our personal story of engaging with blogging while traveling abroad to participate in a conference, we explore how we used the blog in different ways to concretize transitional processes, to engage in public storytelling, and to form a network of relationships (self, others, and blog). We argue that the technology of blogging is particularly suited to creating sense-making narratives from liminal or discombobulating experiences, and highlight the usefulness of understanding the production of data through blogging as culturally located within networks of relationships and normative discourses.
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn With Initial Hypocalcemia and Familial Recurrence: A Case Report
Authors: Kellar Amelia , Tangtatco Jennifer Aileen , Weinstein Miriam , Saunders Natasha
Published: September 2017

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SFNN) is a rare disorder characterised by indurated plaques or nodules with or without erythema, typically distributed over the cheeks, extremities, posterior trunk, buttocks, and thighs, and appears during the first 2 weeks of life. It is commonly associated with perinatal asphyxia and, while usually self-limited, can lead to severe hypercalcemia. There is no known familial association. The present article describes a neonate with extensive disease, counterintuitive hypocalcemia, and a family history of SFNN and reviews the existing literature on SFNN.
Commodification and ‘the commons’: The politics of privatising public water in Greece and Portugal during the Eurozone crisis
Authors: Bieler Andreas , Jordan Jamie
Published: September 2017

In response to the Eurozone crisis, austerity and restructuring has been imposed on the European Union’s peripheral member states in order to receive financial bailout loans. In addition to cuts in funding for essential public services, cuts in public sector employment and the further liberalisation of labour markets, this has also included pressure towards the privatisation of state assets. Yet, workers have not simply accepted these restructuring pressures; rather, they have organised and fought back against austerity and enforced privatisation. Based on a historical-materialist perspective and following a strategy of incorporated comparison, in this article, we will comparatively assess the struggles against enforced water privatisation in Greece and Portugal set against the background of the structuring conditions surrounding the Eurozone crisis.
Testing alternative theoretical accounts of code-switching: Insights from comparative judgments of adjective–noun order
Authors: Stadthagen-González Hans , Parafita Couto M Carmen , Párraga C Alejandro , Damian Markus F
Published: September 2017

Objectives:

Spanish and English contrast in adjective–noun word order: for example, brown dress (English) vs. vestido marrón (‘dress brown’, Spanish). According to the Matrix Language model ( MLF) word order in code-switched sentences must be compatible with the word order of the matrix language, but working within the minimalist program (MP), Cantone and MacSwan arrived at the descriptive generalization that the position of the noun phrase relative to the adjective is determined by the adjective’s language. Our aim is to evaluate the predictions derived from these two models regarding adjective–noun order in Spanish–English code-switched sentences.

Methodology:

We contrasted the predictions from both models regarding the acceptability of code-switched sentences with different adjective–noun orders that were compatible with the MP, the MLF, both, or none. Acceptability was assessed in Experiment 1 with a 5-point Likert and in Experiment 2 with a 2-Alternative Forced Choice (2AFC) task.

Data and analysis:

Data from both experiments were subjected to linear mixed model analyses. Results from the 2AFC task were also analyzed using Thurstone’s law of comparative judgment.

Conclusions:

We found an additive effect in which both the language of the verb and the language of the adjective determine word order.

Originality:

Both experiments examine adjective–noun word order in English–Spanish code-switched sentences. Experiment 2 represents a novel application of Thurstone’s law of comparative judgements to the study of linguistic acceptability which yielded clearer results than Likert scales. We found convincing evidence that neither the MLF nor the MP can fully account for the acceptability of adjective–noun switches.

Implications:

We suggest that advances in our understanding of grammaticality in code-switching will be achieved by combining the insights of the two frameworks instead of considering them in isolation, or by espousing a probabilistic model of code-switching.
Concomitant alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drug use among the elderly in Norway
Authors: Bye Elin Kristin , Rossow Ingeborg
Published: September 2017

Background:

Sedative-hypnotic drugs (i.e., tranquilizers and sleeping pills) are more often used among the elderly compared to other age groups. Concomitant use of alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drugs constitutes a particularly high risk factor for accidental injuries among the elderly. However, few studies have addressed the prevalence of concomitant alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drug use and knowledge about the characteristics of such use is meagre.

Aim:

To assess the prevalence of concomitant alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drug use among elderly people and to explore the characteristics of such concomitant use.

Data and method:

Data stemmed from cross-sectional population surveys in Norway, conducted in the period 2012–2015 (sub-sample 60–79 years: N = 1920).

Results:

Respondents reported frequencies of use of sedatives (tranquilizers), hypnotics (sleeping pills) and alcohol consumption in the preceding 12 months. Sedative-hypnotic drug use was reported by 25%, and 19% reported both such drug use and alcohol use in the past year. Concomitant use, suggesting simultaneous intake of alcohol and drugs, was reported by 6%.

Conclusions:

Concomitant use was more often reported by women, hazardous alcohol users, non-working respondents, and by those in the lower income groups and those living alone. Health personnel need to take into consideration the risks associated with concomitant use and to inform their patients accordingly.
Substance use problems among people with mild/borderline intellectual disability
Authors: Juberg Anne , Røstad Monica , Søndenaa Erik
Published: September 2017

Aims:

This article aims to shed light on the prevalence of problem substance use in individuals with borderline or mild intellectual disability in Norway, the extent to which their problem use warrants multidisciplinary specialist substance treatment (MST) and whether they receive such treatment at present.

Method:

We employed a scoping review of international and Norwegian literature and made additional informal literature searches.

Results:

The prevalence of substance use problems among people with intellectual disability in Norway is uncertain. In spite of representing problem complexity of the kind that warrants MST and the entitlement of all population groups to such treatment, Norwegians with mild or borderline intellectual disability seem to receive treatment at this level only to a modest extent.

Conclusion:

In order to fit better with aims of Norwegian substance policy, there is a need for national research on the prevalence of substance use among people with intellectual disability. We also seem to need both effect studies and action research in order to strengthen screening and assessment routines and collaboration across competence areas and administrative levels and to develop treatment modalities that fit people in this population group.
Risky consumption of alcohol and drugs among employees at ski resorts
Authors: Warne Maria , Sinadinovic Kristina , Berman Anne H , Källmén Håkan , Vinberg Stig
Published: September 2017

Aim:

To evaluate risky consumption of alcohol and drugs among Swedish men and women who are employed at ski resorts.

Methods:

A cross-sectional sample of 611 employees in 48 small and medium-sized enterprises responded to a questionnaire covering alcohol and drug use, social aspects around work and working conditions. Consumption of alcohol and drugs in the study sample was compared to population data. Data were analysed using Mann–Whitney U-tests and logistic regression analyses.

Results:

Compared to the general population, the study group of ski resort employees had higher scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in all age groups except 35+ for men. Regarding the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) scores, only men in the 18–24 age group had higher scores compared to the general population. The prevalence of risky alcohol and drug use was higher among seasonally employed individuals; 82.9%, compared to 58.0% among other employees for alcohol; 8.3% compared to 2.8% for drugs. The regression analysis indicated that social aspects such as living together with colleagues and having co-workers/friends who are frequently inebriated were the most significant explanatory variables for explaining risk consumption of alcohol ( OR 16.82 and OR 4.33). Risky use of drugs was associated with being younger ( OR 0.15) and male ( OR 0.86), as well as with having co-workers/friends who are frequently inebriated ( OR 4.25).

Conclusions:

The study showed a high prevalence of risky alcohol consumption among ski resort employees compared to the general population, with higher risky drug consumption found only among younger men. Social aspects such as living with colleagues and having co-workers or friends who are often inebriated, were identified as important explanatory factors. Preventive measures should be introduced, targeting norms and work culture surrounding alcohol and drug use among ski resort employees.
Self-reported health, use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and criminality among adults with foetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: Rangmar Jenny , Dahlgren Sandberg Annika , Aronson Marita , Fahlke Claudia
Published: September 2017

Aims:

To investigate self-reported physical and psychiatric problems, use of alcohol and illicit drugs, as well as conviction, and being a victim, of crime in adults with foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Methods:

Interviews with 20 adults, aged 30±8 years with FAS diagnosis (65% female) and an age-and-gender-matched comparison group. Measures used were the Addiction Severity Index interview, the Beck Depression Inventory Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale.

Results and conclusions:

Adults with FAS need healthcare for depression and suicidal ideation, which occurred commonly, but problems with use of alcohol and illicit drugs were not more common in the FAS group. Although self-reported physical health problems were not more common in the FAS group, their number of days with sickness leave indicated that they are often in too poor a physical condition to work. A majority of the FAS group had been victims of crime, which makes this an important topic for further research. The groups did not differ in crime conviction rates. Everyone in the study group had been diagnosed with FAS; a diagnosis may give access to social welfare interventions. More individuals within the FAS disorders spectrum need to be identified to be given access to efficient interventions.
Alcohol use among Norwegian students
Authors: Erevik Eilin K. , Pallesen Ståle , Vedaa Øystein , Andreassen Cecilie S. , Torsheim Torbjørn
Published: September 2017

Aims:

This study investigates demographic, personality, and psychological health correlates of different drinking patterns.

Design:

Students at the four largest institutions of higher education in Bergen municipality were invited via email to complete an internet-based questionnaire. The final sample size was 11,236 (39.4%), mean age 24.9 years ( SD = 6.5), and 63.3% were women. The survey included the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and questions about demographics, personality traits, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Binary logistic regressions were used to identify correlates of different drinking patterns.

Results:

A total of 53.0% of the students had an AUDIT score of or above 8 (i.e., hazardous drinking). Being native Norwegian, male, single, without children, non-religious, extroverted, unconscientious, and less open to experience were associated with higher AUDIT scores, drinking frequently, and binge drinking. Having parents with high alcohol or drug use increased the odds of engaging in binge drinking, but this factor was not associated with frequent drinking. Students scoring higher on neuroticism and openness were less likely to report problematic alcohol usage.

Conclusions:

A majority of the students reported alcohol habits that are associated with harm if they persist. This emphasises the need to examine the long-term consequences of students’ alcohol use.
Hyperglycemic Episodes Are Associated With Postoperative Infections After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Järvelä K. M. , Khan N. K. , Loisa E. L. , Sutinen J. A. , Laurikka J. O. , Khan J. A.
Published: September 2017

Background and Aims:

To describe the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative infections and the correlation between postoperative hyperglycemia despite tight blood glucose control with infectious and other complications after contemporary cardiac surgery.

Material and Methods:

The study comprised 1356 consecutive adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2013 and December 2014 and were followed up for 6 months. Patients surviving the first 2 days were included in the analysis. Preoperative demographic information, medical history, procedural details, and the postoperative course were recorded. The target range for blood glucose levels was 4–7 mmol/L and repeated arterial blood samples were obtained during the intensive care unit stay. The associations of blood glucose levels during the first postoperative day and the occurrence of postoperative infections and other significant complications were analyzed.

Results:

Of the study cohort, 9.8% developed infectious complications which were classified as major surgical site infections in 2.2%, minor surgical site infections in 1.1%, lung infections in 2.0%, unclear fever or bacteremia in 0.3%, cannula or catheter related in 2.6%, multiple in 1.5%, and other in 0.2%. The incidence of deep sternal wound infection was 2.0%. Repeated hyperglycemia occurred in 39.7% of patients and was associated with increased rates of postoperative infections, 12.1% versus 8.2%, p = 0.019; stroke, 4.9% versus 1.5%, p < 0.001; and mortality, 6.1% versus 2.1%, p < 0.001, when compared to patients with single or no hyperglycemia.

Conclusion:

Every 10th patient develops infectious complications after cardiac surgery. Repeated hyperglycemia is associated with increased rates of infectious complications, stroke, and mortality.
Haptoglobin 2-2 Genotype, Patient, and Graft Survival in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Dupont Laust , Eide Ivar Anders , Hartmann Anders , Christensen Jeppe Hagstrup , Åsberg Anders , Jenssen Trond , Krarup Henrik , Svensson My
Published: September 2017

Background:

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in renal transplant recipients. An association between haptoglobin genotype 2-2 and cardiovascular disease has been found in patients with diabetes mellitus and liver transplant recipients. To date, the role of haptoglobin genotype after renal transplantation has not been studied.

Methods:

In this single-center retrospective cohort study of 1975 adult Norwegian transplant recipients, who underwent transplantation between 1999 and 2011, we estimated the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and overall and death-censored graft loss for patients with haptoglobin genotype 2-2 compared to genotype 2-1 or 1-1, after adjustment for confounders and competing risks.

Results:

We found no associations between haptoglobin genotype 2-2 and cardiovascular mortality (subdistributional hazard ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 0.78-1.49; P = .63). We also failed to detect any association between haptoglobin 2-2 genotype and all-cause mortality, overall graft loss, and death-censored graft loss. Similar results were found in the subpopulation of transplant recipients with diabetes.

Conclusion:

In this large cohort of kidney transplant recipients, we could not demonstrate any association between haptoglobin 2-2 genotype and patient or graft survival after renal transplantation.
Hidden Power of Trading Activity: The FLB in Tennis Betting Exchanges
Authors: Abinzano Isabel , Muga Luis , Santamaria Rafael
Published: September 2017

This article examines the impact of trading activity on the favorite–long shot bias (FLB) in tennis betting exchanges, using direct measures such as betting volume, average bet, and standard deviation of the odds. According to predictions based on disagreement models, odds mispricing is positively associated with trading volume but negatively associated with the presence of institutional bettors. The FLB is also positively related to the degree of uncertainty in the market. The existence of two simultaneous markets (a “main” and an “alternative” market) in this specific sports-betting environment has enabled us to observe that the relative amount of attention given to the favorite versus that given to the long shot is positively associated with the FLB. Finally, information is more rapidly incorporated into the odds in the market that receives more attention from bettors, an effect that is intensified by the arbitrage and hedging that occurs between the two markets.
I’m Uncomfortable, You’re Uncomfortable, We’re Uncomfortable: An Integrative Family Approach to the Treatment of Tourette’s Disorder and Separation Anxiety Disorder in a Young Child
Authors: Cunningham Annelise , Renk Kimberly
Published: September 2017

This case study follows a 6-year old Caucasian Hispanic male who presented with symptoms of Tourette’s disorder and separation anxiety disorder. Given the young age of the child, a critical focus was placed on parental involvement and parental mastery of the treatment components within an attachment-focused conceptualization as the foundation for all treatment delivery. To address all issues presented by the family of this young child, a behavioral treatment was utilized to target symptoms of Tourette’s disorder, and components of cognitive-behavioral therapy were used to address symptoms associated with separation anxiety disorder (in the young child). Further, components of an attachment-based parenting program, Circle of Security–Parenting, were inserted throughout treatment to keep this young child’s parents in tune with their relationship with their young child. Following completion of treatment, this young child displayed significant decreases in his symptoms across both disorders. Further, this young child and his parents demonstrated a mastery of treatment concepts and coping skills. The family reported both qualitative and quantitative improvements in the young child’s overall emotional and behavioral functioning. This study displayed the effectiveness of an integrative family-based approach in the treatment of a young child with symptoms of both Tourette’s disorder and separation anxiety disorder.
Health Care Access for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Williamson Heather J. , Contreras Graciela M. , Rodriguez Erica S. , Smith Jennifer M. , Perkins Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2017

Adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) often experience health disparities. To address disparities, Healthy People 2020 includes specific disability and health goals focused on improving health care access. The study’s purpose was to review the literature exploring health care access for adults with IDD to identify opportunities for occupational therapy research and practice. A scoping review was completed of articles discussing health care access among adults with IDD in the United States. Thirty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Results are framed using the ecology of human performance theory identifying person and environmental issues affecting health care access of adults with IDD. Opportunities exist for occupational therapy to improve participation and health of adults with IDD through engaging in research and practice efforts addressing health care access. Occupational therapy could develop interventions to establish skills and abilities and recommend changes to the health care environment.
The AUSCAN and PRWHE Demonstrate Comparable Internal Consistency and Validity in Patients With Early Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis
Authors: McQuillan Thomas J. , Vora Molly M. , Kenney Deborah E. , Crisco Joseph J. , Weiss Arnold-Peter C. , Ebert Kerry A. , Snelgrove Kathleen E. , Sarnowski Alexandra , Ladd Amy L.
Published: September 2017

Background: The Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) and Patient-Rated Wrist-Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) are 2 patient-related outcome measures to assess pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the AUSCAN and PRWHE in a large-scale, longitudinal cohort of patients with early thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) OA. Methods: We obtained baseline data on 135 individuals (92 with early CMC OA participants and 43 asymptomatic controls) and at follow-up (year 1.5) on 83 individuals. We assessed the internal consistency using Cronbach alpha, and construct and criterion validity using other pain scales and objective measures of strength, respectively. We also examined the correlation between the AUSCAN and PRWHE and correlation coefficients at baseline and follow-up, as well as the correlation between changes in these instruments over the follow-up period. Results: Internal consistency was high for both AUSCAN and PRWHE totals and subscales (Cronbach α > 0.70). Both instruments demonstrated construct validity compared with the Verbal Rating Scale ( r = 0.52-0.60, P < .01), an assessment of pain, and moderate criterion validity compared with key pinch and grip strength ( r = −.24 to −.33, P < .05). These instruments were highly correlated with each other at baseline and follow-up time points ( r = 0.76−.94, P < .01), and changes in a patient’s total scores over time were also correlated ( r = 0.83, P < .01). Conclusions: The AUSCAN and PRWHE are both valid assessments for pain and/or disability in patients with early thumb CMC OA.
The Liturgy of Dissent
Authors: Winter Steven L.
Published: September 2017

Dissent is a social act that comes freighted with a cultural and historical logic. It has its own iconography, mythology, and liturgy. The icons of dissent serve as paradigms for those whom they inspire. The myths of dissent offer the faithful reassuring stories of struggle and eventual triumph. The liturgy of dissent, in contrast, provides ritualized texts of remembrance, solace, and defiance. Commitment and community, empathy and identity, solidarity and sacrifice are its central themes. Though the liturgy of dissent bears a strong affinity to what Robert Cover identifies as the “texts of resistance,” the two are not the same. Texts of resistance expound the law by which a dissenting community defines the legitimacy and justice of its struggle. The liturgy of dissent, in contrast, proposes community rather than law. More importantly, the liturgy of dissent is the social mechanism by which a community transmutes suffering and sacrifice into normative triumph and, even, joy. This commentary examines this liturgy from the Book of Jonah through Socrates, Debs, Mandela, and the civil rights movement. Dissent, these paragons teach us, always comes with a heavy price. But their greatest lesson is that true dissenters prove their bona fides in accepting those costs with uncommon grace.
Our (Mother’s) Mitochondria and Our Mind
Authors: Kramer Peter , Bressan Paola
Published: September 2017

Most of the energy we get to spend is furnished by mitochondria, minuscule living structures sitting inside our cells or dispatched back and forth within them to where they are needed. Mitochondria produce energy by burning down what remains of our meal after we have digested it, but at the cost of constantly corroding themselves and us. Here we review how our mitochondria evolved from invading bacteria and have retained a small amount of independence from us; how we inherit them only from our mother; and how they are heavily implicated in learning, memory, cognition, and virtually every mental or neurological affliction. We discuss why counteracting mitochondrial corrosion with antioxidant supplements is often unwise, and why our mitochondria, and therefore we ourselves, benefit instead from exercise, meditation, sleep, sunshine, and particular eating habits. Finally, we describe how malfunctioning mitochondria force rats to become socially subordinate to others, how such disparity can be evened off by a vitamin, and why these findings are relevant to us.
An Exploratory Multilevel Analysis of Pedestrian Frisks in Philadelphia
Authors: Hannon Lance
Published: September 2017

The City of Philadelphia has faced significant litigation related to racial and ethnic disparities in stop-and-frisk practices. The Philadelphia Police Department has made much of its stop-and-frisk data publicly available in the name of transparency and to facilitate independent investigation (the data describe over 350,000 pedestrian stops with over 45,000 pedestrian frisks for 2014–2015). The current analysis made use of this public data set to explore whether the individual-level relationship between Black racial classification and being subjected to a frisk can be explained by associated neighborhood-level factors such as the violent crime rate. Additionally, the present analysis examined whether variation in the violent crime rate is similarly related to the likelihood of being frisked in predominantly Black versus non-Black areas and whether area racial composition affects the likelihood that an officer’s decision to frisk will be supported with uncovered contraband. The results were consistent with theories of neighborhood racial stigma. In particular, the violent crime rate was a significantly weaker predictor of being frisked in Black areas, and, net of a variety of factors at the individual and neighborhood levels, Black citizens and Black places experienced a disproportionate amount of frisks where no contraband was found or arrest made.
Effectiveness of Anticipatory Guidance on the Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women Attending Government Hospital, Thirumangalam, Madurai
Authors: Shanthini R. Priya , Garla Bharath Kumar , Karuppaiah R. Muthu , Taranath M.
Published: September 2017

Aims and Objectives:

Improving maternal knowledge plays a major role in developing good oral health habits and in preventing diseases like early childhood caries in their children. The present study is aimed to provide pregnant women with the anticipatory guidance and to evaluate its effect on promoting the knowledge and attitude of pregnant mothers regarding infant and toddler’s oral health care.

Material and Method:

In this interventional study, 600 pregnant women attending government hospital, Madurai, were divided into direct intervention, indirect intervention, and control groups. A self-reported questionnaire was completed before intervention. The anticipatory guidance was presented to the direct intervention group by PowerPoint and to the indirect group by pamphlets. Immediately after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed by intervention groups and two months later by all participants. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

Results:

The change of scores in the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women had a significant difference in all the three groups. At the end of the study, a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.05) was noted in the knowledge between the intervention and the control groups. The change in the attitude was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Anticipatory guidance led to change in the score of knowledge about infant and toddler’s oral health in intervention groups compared to control group. The direct presentation had superiority over indirect presentation in increasing knowledge about their oral health care. Dentists should do their utmost to educate parents especially the pregnant mothers on children’s oral health in a culturally and linguistically appropriate manner, as oral health literacy is, ultimately, a pathway to health equity.
Multiple Myeloma as the Underlying Cause of Thrombotic Microangiopathy Leading to Acute Kidney Injury: Revisiting a Very Rare Entity
Authors: Chugh Savneek , Kichloo Asim , Jafri Firas , Yusvirazi Liga , Lerner Robert
Published: September 2017

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) describes a pathological process of microvascular thrombosis, consumptive thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, leading to end-organ ischemia and infarction, affecting particularly the kidney and brain. TMA is a pathological feature of a number of clinical disorders including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Rare but important, TMA may also occur in malignancy, connective tissue disease, malignant hypertension, and renal transplantation (rejection or drug toxicity). We present a very rare case where the patient developed acute kidney injury from TMA but found to have multiple myeloma as the possible underlying etiology.
Multiligament Knee Injuries in Older Adolescents: A 2-Year Minimum Follow-up Study
Authors: Godin Jonathan A. , Cinque Mark E. , Pogorzelski Jonas , Moatshe Gilbert , Chahla Jorge , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Multiligament knee injuries cause significant functional impairment. Adults undergoing anatomic reconstruction of multiligament knee injuries have excellent outcomes postoperatively. However, less is known about the outcomes in adolescent patients following multiligament reconstruction.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

We aimed to assess patient outcomes and failure rates following unstaged multiligament reconstruction in an adolescent population at a minimum 2-year follow-up. We hypothesized that outcomes of multiligament reconstruction in these patients would be comparable to previously reported outcomes in the adult population.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The study included patients who had undergone multiligament knee reconstruction at 19 years of age or younger and had at least 2 years of follow-up. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. Exclusion criteria included patient age 14 years or younger at the time of surgery, open physes, prior ipsilateral meniscal or knee ligament surgery, or a tibial plateau fracture at the time of injury. Multiligament reconstruction was defined as a reconstruction of at least 1 cruciate ligament and at least 1 component of the posterolateral corner or the medial knee. Patients were evaluated according to Lysholm score, Tegner score, Short Form–12 physical component summary (SF-12 PCS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and postoperative patient satisfaction.

Results:

Twenty patients (mean age, 17.7 years; mean follow-up, 37.1 months) were included in this study. No patient required additional ligament surgery after the index surgery because of graft failure. The median preoperative Lysholm score was 49.5 (range, 18-90), and the median postoperative Lysholm score was 86 (range, 44-100) ( P < .001). The median preoperative Tegner activity score was 2 (range, 0-9), and the median postoperative Tegner activity score was 6 (range, 2-10) ( P = .012). The median SF-12 PCS improved from 40.5 preoperatively to a median of 56.1 postoperatively ( P < .001). WOMAC total score improved from a median of 26.5 preoperatively to a median of 2 postoperatively ( P < .001). Median postoperative patient satisfaction was 10 (range, 5-10).

Conclusion:

Single-stage multiligament knee reconstruction is a reliable procedure that improves knee function at 2-year follow-up in adolescent patients. Patient satisfaction was excellent, but longer follow-up in a larger series of patients is required to determine the long-term benefits of multiligament reconstruction in this patient population.