bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANCANGAN POROS DAN BEARING PADA MESIN PERAJANG SINGKONG
Authors: VAN HARLING VINA N , Apasi Herryanto
Published: July 2020

Cassava chopper machine is a machine that serves to help or lighten human work in the process of chopping cassava. The working process of this cassava chopper machine uses an electric motor as a drive to rotate the cassava cutter blade shaft which is connected using a pulley and belt. The shaft is a very important component in a cassava chopper machine because it functions as a successor to the power and rotation of an engine component to other machine elements. Considering that shaft functions are very important, these components must be designed and ensured to be able to work well when receiving loading and have a service life as expected. Based on the power plan data based on the calculation results obtained 0.55kW, the results of the calculation of the moment of the plan amounted to 1847 Kg.mm. Based on the calculation of the value of the shear stress obtained by 6.66 kg / mm2 while the measurement of the shaft diameter is 14.7 mm. The results of measuring the diameter of the shaft are close to the size of the shaft diameter used when making cassava chopper machines that are equal to 15 mm. After the calculation results of the shaft have been determined then to determine the bearing that will be used on the cassava chopper machine is a rolling bearing with UPC 202 type with a diameter of 15mm.
PENGARUH VARIASI CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR DAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP PUTARAN MOTOR DIESEL TIPE RINO 115PS
Authors: VAN HARLING VINA N
Published: July 2020

This research was conducted to determine the effect of variations in the mixture of diesel fuel and palm oil on the 115PS Rino Type Diesel motor rotation. The study was conducted with a variety of pure diesel fuel, a mixture of diesel 70% palm oil 30%, diesel 50% palm oil 50%, and diesel mix 30% palm oil 70%. Based on the results of tests conducted obtained greater engine speed (rpm) data generated by the use of pure diesel fuel with a 7 mm gas screw adjustment of 1800 rpm. Whereas the lower engine speed (rpm) results from the use of a 30% diesel fuel mixture with 70% palm oil with a 2 mm gas screw adjustment of 620 rpm
ANALISIS PERLAKUAN AKUNTANSI PENDAPATAN JASA KONSTRUKSI PADA PT. AGRINDO MAKMUR ABADI
Authors: Liawan Calvin , VAN HARLING VINA N
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis perlakukan akuntansi pendapatan jasa konstruksi pada PT. Agrindo Makmur Abadi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kontrak selesai (completed contract method). Metode ini mengakui pendapatan dengan dasar kas (cash basis). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Perlakuan akuntansi atas pendapatan jasa konstruksi dengan menggunakan metode kontrak selesai pada PT. Agrindo Makmur Abadi sudah sesuai dengan standar akuntansi yang diatur dalam PSAK No. 34. Biaya-biaya yang berhubungan langsung dalam kontrak dapat didistribusikan dalam kontrak pada aktivitas kontrak secara umum dan dapat dialokasikan pada kontrak yang terkait. PT. Agrindo Makmur Abadi tidak menggunakan metode presentase penyelesaian dalam pengakuan pendapatan.
ANALISIS PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE FULL COSTING SEBAGAI DASAR PENETAPAN HARGA JUAL PADA UD. MUTIA MEUBEL
Authors: Hartatik Sri
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis harga pokok produksi sebagai dasar penetapan harga jual pada UD. Mutia Meubel dengan menggunaka metode full costing.

UD. Mutia Meubel memperhitungkan harga pokok lemari selama sebulan, perusahaan selama ini hanya membebankan biaya bahan baku, biaya tenaga kerja dan belum membebankan biaya listrik, biaya telepon dan biaya depresiasi sebagai biaya overhead pabrik. Sedangkan pada prinsip akuntansi biaya untuk menghitung harga pokok produk menggunakan metode harga pokok pesanan; Terdapat perbedaan perhitungan harga pokok produksi antara UD. Mutia Meubel dengan penulis yang menggunakan metode full costing, yaitu harga pokok produksi lemari pakaian 2 pintu menurut perusahaan sebesar Rp 4.075.000,- dan Rp 3.470.000,- untuk produk rak buku. Sedangkan harga pokok produksi lemari pakaian 2 pintu menurut penulis sebesar Rp 4.226.310,- dan Rp 3.338.280,- untuk produk rak buku. Selisih harga pokok ini disebabkan adanya perbedaan perhitungan biaya overhead pabrik, seperti biaya listrik, biaya telepon dan biaya depresiasi mesin dan kendaraan. Dalam menghitung biaya overhead pabrik, perusahaan hanya memasukkan biaya bahan penolong; Terdapat selisih harga jual antara perhitungan UD. Mutia Meubel dengan penulis yang menggunakan metode full costing, yaitu sebesar Rp 151.310,- untuk produk lemari pakaian 2 pintu dan Rp 131.720,- untuk produk rak buku
AKTIVITAS PENANGKAP RADIKAL BEBAS EKSTRAK METANOL KULIT BUAH DAN BIJI BUAH DELIMA (Punica granatum. L)
Authors: VAN HARLING VINA N
Published: July 2020

Penelitian tentang Aktivitas Penangkap Radikal Bebas Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Buah dan Biji Delima (Punica granatum) dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas penangkap radikal bebas dari ekstrak methanol kulit buah dan biji delima ungu, dan menentukan IC50nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Aktivitas penangkap radikal bebas ekstrak metanol kulit buah dan biji delima berturut – turut sebesar 61,44 % dan 64,95 % pada konsentrasi 250mg/ml. Nilai IC50 dari ekstrak metanol kulit buah delima ungu sebesar 1,6869 g/g DPPH, sedangkan pada bijinya sebesar 1,3569 g/g DPPH
ANALISIS VOLUME AIR TAWAR YANG DIHASILKAN DARI VARIASI JARAK ANTARA LENSA PADA ALAT PENYULINGAN AIR LAUT
Authors: VAN HARLING VINA N
Published: July 2020

Alat penyulingan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah alat penyulingan yang dirancang dan dibuat untuk membantu mengatasi permasalahan ketersediaan air bersih bagi masyarakat pesisir khususnya pada saat musim kemarau. Dibandingkan dengan mengandalkan air hujan yang belum tentu ada setiap hari, maka alat ini sangat membantu karena ketersadiaan bahan bakunya cukup melimpah yakni air laut yang ada disekitar masyarakat pesisir. Komponen alat yang terdapat pada alat ini adalah lensa cembung, wadah penyulingan, ember plastik, dan botol gallon. Dari hasil analisa dan penelitian,nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh dari alat untuk variasi jarak lensa pertama (2,05 ml/jam) dari volume air laut yang dipanaskan (1.500 ml) dengan jarak titik tengah antara lensa adalah 8 cm, pada variasi jarak lensa kedua, nilai rata-ratanya adalah (1,96 ml/jam) dari volume air laut yang dipanaskan (1.500 ml) dengan jarak titik tengah antara lensa adalah 12 cm, dan pada variasi jarak lensa ketiga, nilai rata-ratanya adalah (1,94 ml/jam) dari volume air laut yang dipanaskan (1.500 ml) dengan jarak titik tengah antara lensa adalah 16 cm. Variasi jarak antara lensa yang hasilnya paling baik adalah variasi 1.
Dermatologic Lesions in Geriatric Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Fitriani  , Trilisnawati Damai , Sunur Stella
Published: July 2020

Introduction: In geriatrics, there are changes in structure and function results in histopathological, physiological and clinical skin changes. The conditions can cause morbidity and decreases the quality of life of patients. This study was the first study that provide the characteristics of geriatric skin disorders in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang.

Methods: This study was descriptive observational with cross-sectional design using total sampling method performed among patients in Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic and geriatric inpatient room in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital on July-September 2019.

Results: Physiological skin changes in geriatrics include xerosis cutis (13,95%), seborrheic keratosis (13,17%), guttate hypomelanosis (8,5%), senile lentigen (6,97%), freckle (2,32%), periorbital hyperpigmentation (1,55%), senile purpura (0,77%) and poikiloderma civatte (0,77%). The most skin disorder found were lichen simplex chronicus (11,1%), pressure ulcers (9,25%), senile pruritus (8,32%), asteatotic dermatitis (6.47%) and candidiasis (3,7%). The most common comorbid condition were diabetes mellitus in 16 patients (22,5%), CVD in 7 patients (9,9%), hypertension in 6 patients (8,5%), AKI in 6 patients (8,5 %), and HHD in 4 patients (5,6%). Diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with xerosis cutis (p = 0,0007), senile pruritus (p = 0,015), and guttate hypomelanosis (p = 0,016).

Conclusion: The most physiological skin changes found in geriatric patients in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital were xerosis cutis, seborrheic keratosis, and guttate hypomelanosis, while skin disorder were lichen simplex chronicus, pressure ulcer, and senile pruritus. Diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with skin disorders.
浅谈VOCs废气治理工作
Authors: 许 夏
Published: July 2020

介绍了VOCs废气的特征,种类繁多、普遍有毒性、涉及行业众多、排放环节多。VOCs的排放标准众多且标准管控越来越严苛。VOCs治理工作的难点,影响因素多、通风收集是前提,技术路线比选是关键。
浅谈环境监测社会化的质量监管新思路
Authors: 杨 长林
Published: July 2020

社会经济在迅速发展变化,人们对环境质量的要求也发生了相应变化,要打算从根本上提高环境质量,就应该着眼于环境监测的社会化发展方向,借助有效的措施,对其加以完善,从而对环境保护工作提供一定的帮助,最近几年,在环保部门不断的实践和检查中发现,环境质量中存在的各类问题,直接阻碍了环境监测工作的正常进行,监测力度远跟不上环境质量的变化。因此,本文提出了一些环境监测社会化的质量监管新思路,促进其健康发展。
楚雄州“三线一单”生态环境分区管控体系研究
Authors: 谭 娟 , 杨 逢乐 , 李 增加 , 杜 文静 , 靳 涵丞 , 朱 明顺 , 刘 振祥
Published: July 2020

生态保护红线、环境质量底线、资源利用上线和生态环境准入清单(简称：三线一单)是落实国土空间规划、实现区域生态环境分区管控、精细化环境管理的重要抓手。楚雄州是云南省经济发展速度较快的州市之一,本研究对楚雄州“三线一单”编制的思路、方法和初步成果进行梳理,介绍研究成果在日常环境管理工作中的应用,对其他地区开展类似工作具有参考价值。
中国排污许可证制度与总量控制技术的突破研究
Authors: 谢 飞 , 鲍 伟
Published: July 2020

为强化生态环境保护能力,有效控制污染排放量,提升生态自净效能。文章以排污许可制度以及总量控制技术作为突破口,多维度、多层面出发,依托生态建设的要求,逐步健全排污许可制度,推动总量控制技术的新突破,形成高效的生态环境保护与污染防控制度体系。
土壤环境监测技术的现状及发展趋势探究
Authors: 王 向浩
Published: July 2020

土壤是地球的重要组成元素,同时也是人类赖以生存的基础,所以在很大程度上土壤环境影响着人类的生活质量。在社会的高速发展下,人类的工业生产效率逐步提升,但与此同时人类对于土壤环境的污染也愈演愈烈,为了有效遏制这样现象,良好的保护我们赖以生存的土壤环境,对土壤环境进行监测是非常必要的。通过土壤环境监测技术的实施,我们可以充分的了解到土壤的受污染程度以及土壤中所残留的污染物种类和数量,从而科学的进行预防和治理,这对于人类的生存和发展具有非常重大的意义。本文将针对我国土壤环境监测技术的现状及发展趋势进行简要分析。
浅析中国及上海生态工业园区的发展历程
Authors: 杨 嘉欣 , 姚 泽生 , 严 立宇 , 陈 奕 , 诸 毅
Published: July 2020

生态工业园区的建立发展,对循环经济的实践,可以提高工业园区环境管理水平,提高资源利用效率,降低污染排放水平。在中国社会、经济快速发展的同时,工业园区生态化有助于形成绿色环保、可持续发展的工业体系。但目前我国生态工业园区的探索和实践仍处于起步阶段,还面临着诸多困难和挑战。本文从生态工业园区概念的整体发展入手,结合在中国、上海的发展历程以及现状,分析了其在国内发展面临的问题并提出相关建议。
环境工程中环境影响评价的作用分析
Authors: 嵇 承航
Published: July 2020

社会的发展和变革,使人们意识到自然环境在人类生活和发展中的重要作用,与此同时,对环境工程的关注度不断提升,希望通过环境工程的建设和完善,保护自然环境。环境影响评价作为环境工程的核心内容,是工程建设的基础,加大对其研究可以有效提高环境工程质量。文章就将对环境影响评价在环境工程中的作用进行说明。
环境工程中的污水处理技术
Authors: 嵇 承航
Published: July 2020

随着社会的快速发展,人们对环境保护的重视程度不断提升。在现代科技日益进步的大环境背景下,污水处理技术水平不断提高。但是现阶段,污水处理环节仍存在诸多亟待解决的突出性问题。为此,全面探究环境保护工程中的污水处理技术显得尤为重要。
TRAINING OF ARTIFICIAL MEAT PROCESSING FROM SOYBEANS AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN IN CADRES AND WOMEN GROUPS IN SYAHMAD VILLAGE, LUBUK PAKAM SUB-DISTRICT
Authors: Bakara Tiar lince
Published: July 2020

Artificial meat has several features such as it can be formulated to have higher nutritional value than the original meat, more homogeneous, long-lasting storage (in dry condition), can be made without animal fat or cholesterol, contains a high content of unsaturated fatty acids which is good for health, and cheaper. The purpose of this community service activity was to improve the skills of cadres and women about the use of artificial meat from soybeans as a source of vegetable protein.

The community service activity was conducted in the Syahmad District Office in Lubuk Pakam Sub-district which consisted of pre-intervention, intervention, and post-intervention activities. In the intervention stage, counseling and training in making artificial meat were carried out.

The intervention results showed that PKK cadres and women groups were capable and skilled in making artificial meat and understood the benefits of artificial meat from soybeans as a source of protein. The artificial meat from soybeans can be a source of vegetable protein for health and reduce degenerative diseases.
Application of Cassava Slicer Machine and Oil Dryer Machine in Micro Enterprises in Simalungun District
Authors: Tafsin Maruf
Published: July 2020

Cassava chips are one of the types of snacks that are in the public interest. So this is a market object that is quite promising by entrepreneurs. But they must compete in quality and taste. So far, slicing cassava and draining cassava chips produced manually so that the results are less than optimal and from this problem where become the starting point to solve solution to the micro-enterprises .

            The method used in carrying out this training consists of several methods, namely: (1) Survey to the place of partners in the micro business group in Simalungun. This survey is the initial stage of the activity, which in this activity aims to see firsthand the problems faced. This survey stage is very crucial to get the right solution to the problems that exist. (2) Prequestionnaire this activity is carried out to see how far partners understand how vital the operation and maintenance of the machine. (3) Preparation of cassava slicing machines, this stage consists of several parts including the design of tools that suit the needs of partners, this needs to carry out so that the appropriate equipment specifications obained. (4) Application of equipment and process analysis, this stage is carried out at the partner's place, this stage demonstrates the use of cassava slicing machines to partners so that the results of a direct analysis are seen to increase the efficiency of the use of machinery to the production process. (5) Counseling to partners, this extension activity is significant to be carried out as part of community service. This extension is done to transfer technology to partners in terms of the use and maintenance of the machines provided; (6) Post questionnaire, the questionnaire activity at the end of the devotion activity aims to measure whether the problem faced by the partner has been resolved, and see the increase in the benefits of the machine being donated.
Developing Red Chilli Downstream Business In Simalungun District
Authors: Bayu Eva Sartini
Published: July 2020

This training held at Gondang Rejo Farmers Group, Bandar Huluan District, Simalungun District. The purpose of this training is (1) provide broader knowledge to farmers in handling post-harvest red chili; (2) train and guide farmers in managing red chili to become a durable food product; and (3) increasing the economic value of red chili so that farmers do not experience losses when the harvest is abundant, and the price of chili is low. Development of local commodities, especially red chili; providing training material in the process of product manufacturing and packaging; Implementation of this training is the processing of fresh red chili into powdered red chili using a simple dryer and grinder capable of producing chili powder products that have a longer shelf life and are in accordance by the standard.The outcome will developed skill abilty,built networking and encourage red chilli farmers interest to increase the amount of production for continuity the supply side. By developing the downstream red chilli it could increase the income of the red chili farmers.
Prospects for Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata MERR) Development for Food and Energy Security
Authors: FS Harahap , Hilwa Walida , Rosmidah Hasibuan , Abdul Rauf , T. Sabrina , Benny Hidayat , Rahmawaty Rahmawaty , DE Harahap , Parmanoan Harahap
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The purpose of this activity is to provide information about how the Prospect of Palm Plant Development (Arenga pinnata Merr) for food and energy security as well as processed products from palm trees, so that it is useful for the community, encouraging community awareness and awareness to preserve the environment. This activity was carried out in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, involving the community in Buluh Awar Village and the Teaching Staff of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Biology Education Study Program, Teaching and Education Faculty, Labuhan Batu University, Postgraduate Study Program in Agrotechnology, Faculty Agriculture of the University of North Sumatra and the Faculty of Forestry of the University of North Sumatra. Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University, South Tapanuli, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Graha Nusantara University, Padang Sidempuan. The main problem is the planting of sugar palm, which is generally not yet cultivated so that crop productivity is low and it is feared the plant population will decline. Since sugar palm plants have economic, social, cultural and conservation functions, it is wise to cultivate sugar palm and rehabilitate plants that grow naturally and irregularly in order to increase plant productivity. The results of the activity show that the cultivation of palm sugar plant has good hopes or prospects in the future. Processed products from palm plants such as sugar, drinks, and vinegar can be used to improve food security, while bioethanol can be used as an alternative energy source.
MANAGEMENT OF BLOOD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL THROUGH THE CONSUMPTION OF LEMURU FISH STICK AS A SNACK FOOD IN YOUNG WOMEN SUFFERING FROM ANEMIA IN SMA NUSANTARA LUBUK PAKAM DISTRICT
Authors: Oppusunggu Riris
Published: July 2020

Anemia is a condition where a person's hemoglobin (Hb) level in the blood is lower than normal. Adolescent girls are one group at risk of suffering from anemia. The main cause of anemia in young women is lack of iron intake, chronic blood loss during menstruation. The aim of this community service is to increase the knowledge of young women, especially those suffering from anemia, about the management of blood hemoglobin levels and to increase the knowledge of young women in understanding the procedure to make lemuru fish stick as a snack to increase the hemoglobin levels of young women in Nusantara Lubuk Pakam. The Community Service activities consists of counseling about anemia, counseling about lemuru fish sticks, examination of hemoglobin levels, demonstration of making products of lemuru fish sticks to increase blood hemoglobin levels to overcome anemia. The result of the activity is an increase in the knowledge of young women in understanding the procedure for making stick fish as a snack to increase hemoglobin levels.
FIELD SCHOOL OF ORGANIC FARMING AS AN EFFORT TO INCREASE ORGANIC RICE PRODUCTION
Authors: Hasanah Yaya , Hanum Hamidah , Rusmarilin Herla
Published: July 2020

The increase in people's healthy life style has increased the demand for organic rice.  However, this is not supported by sufficient increase in the organic rice production. Therefore, Field School of Organic Farming (FS-OF) was conducted as an effort to increase the organic rice production. This FS-OF activity is aimed to improve farmers' understanding and skill about the organic rice cultivation through demonstration plots. The service activities that have been carried out include the production of demonstration plots for organic and conventional rice cultivation to compare their production, handover of technology transfer tools, training in organic rice cultivation, making the liquid organic fertilizers and organic pesticides, and biochar. The results of community service have increased the understanding of field school participants and increased organic rice production by 10% when compared to conventional rice cultivation
Eco-print on Recycle Paper and Fabric as Main Products of Business Development Program of Intellectual Property Campus of Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Nuryawan Arif
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this work is to provide seminar needs (seminar kit) as compliments of seminar or symposium held by university including Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU). Method of this activity included launching of our main products, namely eco-print both on paper and on fabric. In this work, eco-print products on recycle papers was used as exclusive block-note covers while eco-print products on fabric were used as tote-bag materials. There were two advantages of using these products, firstly: they were made of natural ingredients without chemical synthetic materials; and secondly the products were designed specifically; one product was not similar with the others. This activity involved two partners, namely a recycle-paper producer and a tailor who make tote-bag. Result on progress of this activity was an order for seminar kit through exhibition. During the evaluation of this project it was found that Nauli Apik USU, as a seminar kit’s producer, still depends on workers whom working manually and having individual skill. In the future, management of production should be improved.
EDUCATION OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN DIABETES MELLITUS FEET
Authors: Rusdiana
Published: July 2020

Diabetes Mellitus is also known as "life long disease" because the disease cannot be cured during the life span of the sufferer so that people with diabetes have a risk of complications that can increase the risk of death. Diabetic foot injury is one of the most common complications, where this complication can result in decreased quality of life. With a good level of understanding of diabetes mellitus and the complications that occur we hope to reduce the incidence of diabetes foot injuries in people with diabetes mellitus.As a community team, we conduct community services which the support is under the research grant BP-PTN USU of Year 2019PPM/KP-TALENTA USU/2019, giving education on prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcer in Medan Johor Public Health Centre in Sumatera Utara.We used the cross sectional study. We conducted 40 respondents in type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended to public health centre and We educated them. The education provided included how to prevent and treatment of the foot ulcer of diabetes mellitus. The care and prevention of the education we provided includes how to properly take care of the feet, the periodic of glycemic control, the balanced diet and doing diabetes gymnastics. All the respondents who got the education, 25 from 40 respondents  knew and did the foot care and who knew about the foot gymnastics were only 2 respondents.
Hubungan Alexithymia dengan Kecanduan Media Sosial pada Remaja di Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Yunita Mansyah Lestari  , Suzy Yusna Dewi  , Aulia Chairani
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK

 

Alexithymia ditandai dengan ketidakmampuan dalam mengenali dan mengekpresikan emosi serta pemikiran yang berorientasi eksternal sehingga mereka memiliki hubungan interpersonal yang buruk. Remaja dengan alexithymia cenderung menjadi kecanduan media sosial.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Alexithymia terhadap kecanduan media sosial pada remaja di Jakarta Selatan. Subjek penelitian adalah remaja yang berusia 13-19 tahun dan tinggal di Jakarta selatan. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode consecutive sampling dan snowball sampling dengan menyebar kuesioner menggunakan link googleform. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 207 orang (41 = laki-laki, 166 = perempuan). Skala yang digunakan adalah Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) dan Social Media Disorder (SMD). Analisa data menggunakan metode chi-square pada SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 85 orang mengalami alexithymia, 88 mengalami kecanduan dan 62 orang mengalami alexithymia dan kecanduan media sosial. p-value didapatkan 0,000. Hal ini berarti terdapat hubungan antara Alexithymia dengan Kecanduan Media Sosial pada remaja di Jakarta Selatan.

Kata Kunci :Alexithymia, Kecanduan Media Sosial, Remaja

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Alexithymia is characterized by an inability to recognize and express emotions and have external oriented thoughts so that they have poor interpersonal relationships. Teenagers with alexithymial tend to become addicted to social media. This study aims to determine the relationship between Alexithymia towards social media addiction in adolescents in South Jakarta. The research subjects were adolescents aged 13-19 years and lived in south Jakarta. Retrieval of the data was using consecutive sampling and snowball sampling method by distributing questionnaires using the googleform link. The number of research subjects was 207 people (41 = men, 166 = women). The scale was used is the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Social Media Disorder (SMD). Data analysis using the chi-square method in SPSS 25. The results showed that 85 people had alexithymia, 88 were addicted and 62 people had alexithymia and were addicted to social media. p-value obtained is 0,000. This means that there is a relationship between Alexithymia and Social Media Addiction in adolescents in South Jakarta.

Keyword : Adolescents, Alexithymia, Social Media Addiction
Hot Oil Exposure on Styrofoam and Black Crackle Bag Effect on Malondialdehyde MDA Level of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Strain
Authors: Marcella  , Simanjuntak Kristina , Yuni Setyaningsih
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

This study purposed to determine the effect of hot oil exposure on styrofoam and black plastic bag on MDA levels in rats. The study was purely experimental, a sample of 28 Wistar rats, weight ±200gram, age 3 months, divided into 4 groups, treatment was given for 28 days. Negative control was given feed and drink; styrofoam group was given feed, drink, oil on styrofoam; the black plastic group was given feed, drink, oil on black plastic; positive control was given feed, drink, toluene mixed oil. On 14th and 28th-day blood was taken from the tail and examined for plasma MDA by spectrophotometer λ=532nm. One-way ANOVA shows there is an effect of hot oil exposure on styrofoam and black plastic on MDA levels on the 14th and 28th days (p=0.000). Post hoc showed the styrofoam group had a significant increase in MDA levels on 14th (p=0.003) and 28th (p=0.043) compared to negative controls, the black plastic group as well on 14th (p=0.000) and 28th (p=0.000). MDA levels between styrofoam and black plastic groups significantly different on 14th (p=0.012), but not on 28th (p=0.340). There was a significant MDA increase in the styrofoam group between 14th and 28th days (p=0.009), and in the black plastic group (p=0.031). This shows that hot oil exposure on styrofoam and black plastic cause cell oxidative stress.

Keyword: Black Plastic Bag, MDA, Oxidative Stress, Styrofoam

 

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh paparan minyak panas pada stirofoam dan kresek hitam terhadap kadar MDA. Penelitian merupakan eksperimental murni, sampel 28 ekor tikus putih galur Wistar, berat badan ±200gram, usia 3 bulan, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, perlakuan selama 28 hari. Kontrol negatif diberi pakan biasa dan air minum; kelompok stirofoam diberi pakan, minum, dan minyak pada stirofoam; kelompok kresek hitam diberi pakan, minum, dan minyak pada kresek hitam; kontrol positif diberi pakan, minum, dan minyak dicampur toluene. Mengambil darah dari vena ekor pada hari ke-14 dan ke-28 lalu memeriksa MDA plasma dengan spektrofotometer λ=532 nm. Hasil One-way Anova menunjukkan peningkatan MDA kelompok stirofoam dan kresek hitam hari ke-14 dan ke-28 (p=0.000). Uji post hoc menunjukkan MDA kelompok stirofoam meningkat signifikan pada hari ke-14 (p=0.003) dan ke-28 (p=0.043) dibanding kontrol negatif, begitu juga kelompok kresek hitam hari ke-14 (p=0.000) dan ke-28 (p=0.000). Kadar MDA antara kelompok stirofoam dan kresek hitam berbeda signifikan pada hari ke-14 (p=0.012), tetapi tidak pada hari ke-28 (p=0.340). MDA berbeda bermakna antara hari ke-14 dan ke-28 pada kelompok stirofoam (p=0.009) dan kelompok kresek hitam (p=0.031). Hal ini menunjukkan paparan minyak panas pada stirofoam dan kresek hitam dapat menimbulkan stres oksidatif sel.

Kata Kunci: Kresek Hitam, MDA, Stirofoam, Stres Oksidatif
A COVID-19 e o impacto econômico nas micro e pequenas empresas
Authors: Oliveira Caroline Silva de
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo abordar o impacto econômico que a pandemia da COVID – 19 tem causado nas micro e pequenas empresas e bem como os seus efeitos na economia brasileira de forma geral. Para melhor compreensão do tema proposto, serão apresentados assuntos como: a importância dos micros e pequenos negócios para a economia do Brasil, as consequências negativas do Novo Coronavírus na operacionalidade das micro e pequenas organizações e as medidas governamentais para diminuir esses impactos. Com a finalidade de elucidar a aplicabilidade do assunto proposto, esse artigo terá foco nos micros e pequenos negócios como: bares, restaurantes, agências de turismo e comércio em geral. Esta pesquisa é estruturada em referências bibliográficas, utiliza métodos estatísticos e se baseia em informações de instituições renomadas como: Sebrae, Abrasel (Associação Brasileira de Bares e Restaurantes) e FGV. Por meio desses e outros órgãos, pôde-se realizar uma análise argumentativa e exploratória, legitimando assim, todos os dados e informações registrados nesse trabalho de pesquisa. Os dados e informações mencionados nesse trabalho são de caráter atual e são baseados entre o período do final do mês de março, quando teve início o surto do Novo Coronavírus no Brasil, e meados de Maio. Além dos temas mencionados, serão exploradas medidas e soluções que as empesas, órgãos governamentais e outras instituições adotaram ou propuseram, para driblarem os efeitos da COVID – 19 em suas economias, como o Home Office, a intensificação do método de deliveries e entre outras formas eficazes para esse momento de crise.
„Anhelli” Słowackiego − efekt lektury mickiewiczo-logicznej
Authors: Kuziak Michał
Published: July 2020

Artykuł jest poświęcony lekturze Anhellego Juliusza Słowackiego w perspektywie „antagonizmu wieszczów”. Ukazany zostaje wpływ interpretacji mesjanistycznego dzieła Mickiewicza na odczytanie poematu młodszego poety.
Mickiewicz−Słowacki. Estetyczna wartość opozycji
Authors: Kuczera-Chachulska Bernadetta
Published: July 2020

W niniejszej pracy romantyczna opozycja Mickiewicz−Słowacki widziana jest w perspektywie estetyki w rozumieniu Romana Ingardena; recepcja biografii autorów przeniesiona zostaje na obszar ich twórczości. W dziejach recepcji polskiego romantyzmu utrwalił się stereotyp konfliktu między Mickiewiczem a Słowackim. Jeśli jednak spojrzymy na tę epokę jako współistnienie wielkich twórczych osobowości, wówczas „opozycyjność” poetów zmieni swój charakter. Zwłaszcza „ostatnia” poezja Mickiewicza i Słowackiego, podnosząca bardzo zbliżone kwestie, realizuje się w krańcowo odmiennych formach wyobraźniowych. „Opozycyjność” poetów odsłania się jako komplementarność znacząco definiująca polski romantyzm.
Mickiewicz ukryty za Słowackim? Nota o trój-antagonizmie wieszczów w Psalmie żalu Krasińskiego
Authors: Fiećko Jerzy
Published: July 2020

Autor, opisując polemiki ideowe prowadzone przez trzech najważniejszych polskich poetów romantycznych, modyfikuje pojęcie „antagonizmu wieszczów” (zarezerwowane zasadniczo dla sporu Słowackiego z Mickiewiczem), proponując koncepcję „trój-antagonizmu”. Rzecz objaśniona jest na przykładzie analizy sensów myślowych (polityczno-religijno-historiozoficznych) wpisanych w Psalm żalu, utwór Krasińskiego z okresu Wiosny Ludów (1848), który powszechnie i słusznie interpretowano jako ostatnie słowo Krasińskiego (przeciwnika rewolucji) w sporze ze Słowackim (głoszącym ideę „Ducha − Wiecznego rewolucjonisty”). Autor stawia tezę, że ukrytym bohaterem negatywnym utworu jest także Mickiewicz, z którym Krasiński wiódł w Rzymie w 1848 roku dramatyczny spór o Wiosnę Ludów i kierunek działania polskiej wspólnoty. Spór ten Krasiński referował szczegółowo i w sposób bardzo subiektywny w listach do bliskich mu osób (m.in. kochanki Delfiny Potockiej i filozofa Augusta Cieszkowskiego). Autor dowodzi, że argumenty użyte przez Krasińskiego w tej polemice powtórzone zostały w Psalmie żalu oraz że w negatywny portret rewolucyjnego „my” włączył cechy i myśli przypisane w tychże listach Mickiewiczowi. Tym samym, dowodzi autor, spór Mickiewicza i Krasińskiego z 1848 roku uznać należy za kluczowy element genezy tego utworu.
“The Flyting of Dumbar and Kennedie” as an Inverted Litany: The Scottish Perspective on a Poetic Agon
Authors: Ruszkiewicz Dominika
Published: July 2020

This article is composed of two parts. In the first, the Scottish genre of flyting, whose main purpose was to humiliate the opponent, is situated in the context of the Anglo-Saxon cultural and literary tradition. The second offers a stylistic analysis of “The Flyting of Dumbar and Kennedie”, arguing that the poem shows thematic affinity with satiric verse while bearing formal resemblance to litanic verse. “The Flyting” not only displays certain features that are characteristic of the litanic form, but also shares the litanic worldview, with God as the mediator of the poetic agon. Seen from this perspective, the poem’s hostile exchanges of insults do not represent a negation, but merely a reversal of the litanic tradition, and “The Flyting” may be seen as an example of an inverted litany
Wybrane aspekty recepcji twórczości Henryka Sienkiewicza na Śląsku. Rekonesans
Authors: Kosowska Ewa
Published: July 2020

Omawiając recepcję twórczości Henryka Sienkiewicza na Śląsku, autorka podejmuje trzy kwestie: 1) znaczenia polskojęzycznej gazety „Katolik” w przygotowaniu odbiorców do lektury powieści, 2) wpływu przesłania zawartego w powieściach Sienkiewicza (tzw. przypadek testamentu von Olszewskiego) oraz 3) inspiracji artystycznych i polemik ideowych z przesłaniem Sienkiewicza (Jan Kupiec z Łąki). Artykuł pokazuje, że odbiór powieści Sienkiewicza przez pojedynczych czytelników wychowywanych w obcym kontekście kulturowym nie tylko bywa przekształcany w symbole odradzania dawnych rodzinnych związków z ojczyzną, ale i staje się zaczynem fascynacji samym zjawiskiem restytucji świadomości narodowej.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan di Program Studi Farmasi Poltekkes Kemenkes Pangkalpinang Menggunakan Metode SERVQUAL
Authors: Kusumadewi Purba Ratih Puspita , Sailan Mirnawati Zalili
Published: July 2020

Kepuasan mahasiswa merupakan salah satu Sasaran Mutu yang pencapaiannya diukur secara rutin. Kepuasan mahasiswa tercapai saat tidak terdapat kesenjangan antara ekspektasi dan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap layanan kemahasiswaan maupun terhadap mutu penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Peningkatan mutu penyelenggaraan pendidikan mutlak diperlukan demi meningkatkan peringkat akreditasi Program Studi Farmasi Poltekkes Kemenkes Pangkalpinang yang pada saat penelitian berlangsung masih pada peringkat C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara ekspektasi dan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap mutu pelayanan penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Program Studi DIII Farmasi Poltekkes Kemenkes Pangkalpinang dan untuk menentukan prioritas perbaikan penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian komparatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner yang mengandung 5 dimensi pokok kualitas pelayanan, yaitu tangibles (berwujud), empathy (empati), assurance (jaminan), reliability (keandalan), dan responsiveness (daya tanggap). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara ekspektasi dan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Program Studi DIII Farmasi Poltekkes Kemenkes Pangkalpinang. Hasil kesenjangan ekspektasi dan persepsi terbesar terdapat pada pernyataan tentang ketersediaan prasarana perkuliahan (-0,57), keramahan tenaga kependidikan dalam memberikan layanan (-0,46), dan kemampuan dosen dalam menghidupkan suasana kelas (-0,43).
Hubungan Pekerjaan Ibu, Jenis Kelamin, dan Pemberian Asi Eklusif Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita 6-59 Bulan di Bangka Selatan
Authors: Amelia Fitra
Published: July 2020

Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan linier dan apabila terjadi pada masa golden

period perkembangan otak (0-3 tahun), maka berakibat pada perkembangan otak yang tidak baik. Hal tersebut di masa yang akan datang dapat berakibat pada penurunan kemampuan intelektual dan produktivitas, peningkatan risiko penyakit degeneratif dan kelahiran bayi dengan berat lahir rendah atau premature. Pertumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh faktor langsung diantaranya adalah asupan energi, asupan protein, BBLR, dan keadaan kesehatan seperti penyakit infeksi dan faktor tidak langsung meliputi pemberian ASI Eksklusif, jenis kelamin balita, tinggi badan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu dan status ekonomi. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan desain Case Control dengan jumlah besaran sample dalam penelitian ini adalah 80 balita kelompok kasus dan 80 balita kelompok kontrol yang berjumlah 160 responden. Analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Univariat dan Analisis Bivariat. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ada hubungan antara Pekerjaan ibu p-value (0,000) dan ASI Eklusif p-value (0,004) dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita 6-59 Bulan di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan serta tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian Stunting pada Balita 6-59 Bulan di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Saran dari penelitian ini diharapkan kepada peneliti selanjutnya agar dapat mengembangkan variabel-variabel penelitian seperti BBLR, Pendidikan Ibu, dan Pola Asuh
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF CEMPEDIK FISH (Osteochilus spilurus) IN MEMBALONG DISTRICT, BELITUNG
Authors: Kurniawan Ardiansyah , Kurniawan Andri , Fakhrurrozi Yulian , Widyanthi Fenny , Setiawan Jeny , Kartika Kartika , Sartili Sartili , Rizkika Neri , Arezki Tio
Published: July 2020

Cempedik fish (Osteochilus spilurus) has an important economic value in East Belitung. Still, its trade has not been identified in the Belitung Regency, which is in the western part of Belitung Island. Belitung community perceptions related to fish catching, consumption, and understanding of this fish need to be known to complement the results of studies in East Belitung. Techniques of data collection were carried out using structured interviews in the Membalong District, which has 55% of the Belitung Regency river. The community responses were compared with secondary data of East Belitung citizens. The majority of respondents said that they knew and consumed Cempedik Fish, knew their fishing season and fishing gear, and were optimistic about their cultivation potential. The majority of respondent say knows, consumes, knows the fishing season and fishing gear, and optimistic for the potential farming of Cempedik fish. Most of the Cempedik fish consumption is obtained from catching in the river. Fishing season of Cempedik fish occurs in the dry season, with the majority of fishing gear used are nets. The difference in fishing season and economic value with East Belitung provides opportunities for fish distribution to meet market needs.
DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION OF FRESH WATER FISH FARMERS GROUP IN MUNTOK SUB DISTRICT, WEST BANGKA
Authors: Triswiyana Ira , Permatasari Ayu , Juandi Juandi
Published: July 2020

Freshwater fish farming in West Bangka Regency is developing to meet the needs of the local market. Information about the distribution and production of fish farmers groups (Pokdakan) can be used as a basis for planning sustainable development. This research was conducted using a survey method in July - September 2019 in Muntok District, West Bangka Regency. Fifteen Pokdakan scattered in seven villages with the majority developing catfish commodities. There is only one group that belongs to the middle class, while the other group is still in the beginner class. Freshwater fish productivity reaches 3.2 tons per quarter. The majority of Pokdakan utilize former tin mines with step-in-net cage for fish farming so that their productivity is affected by the season. Continuity of production is needed so that the class of Pokdakan can increase.
PELATIHAN HIDROCHILI (TANAMAN CABAI SECARA HIDROPONIK) PADA KELUARGA PENERIMA MANFAAT DESA PRAMBONWETAN KECAMATAN RENGEL - TUBAN
Authors: Mizan Saeful , Cacik Sri
Published: July 2020

Keluarga penerima manfaat (KPM) merupakan sebuah keluarga yang berdasarkan data kementerian sosial berhak menerima bantuan berupa uang dari pemerintah. Sebagian besar KPM di desa Prambonwetan kecamatan Rengel kabupaten Tuban ini telah memiliki usaha di bidang pertanian dengan memanfaatkan tanah negara yang ada di pinggir sungai Bengawan Solo. Salah satu jenis tanaman yang di tanam adalah cabai. Kendala utama yang dihadapi adalah  keterbatasan lahan, serangan hama, bergantung pada musim. Guna mengatasi kendala tersebut maka perlu diberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang sistem tanam cabai yang dikembangkan adalah sistem tanam cabai dengan media air atau disebut sistem hidroponik. Kelebihan dari sistem tanam cabai hidroponik adalah tidak bergantung pada musim, tidak bergantung pada ketersediaan lahan, dan dapat meminimalisir serangan hama. Diharapkan melalui kegiatan pelatihan hidrochili (tanam cabai secara hidroponik), KPM dapat menerapkan tanam cabai secara hidroponik sehingga dalam jangka panjang dapat meningkatkan taraf perekonomian KPM. Metode yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini meliputi dua tahap, yaitu tahap persiapan dan pelaksanaan. Pada tahap persiapan, tim pengabdian masyarakat melakukan surve, penentuan lokasi dan sasaran, persiapan dan penyusunan materi pelatihan, persiapan alat dan bahan untuk tahap pelaksanaan pelatihan. Tahap pelaksanaan meliputi penyuluhan terkait hidrochili, demonstrasi hidrochili, dan pendampingan kepada KPM dalam melakukan hidrochili. Kegiatan pendampingan dilakukan oleh tim pelaksana sampai KPM dapat melaksanakan sistem tanam cabai secara hidroponik. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa, KPM yang mampu melaksanakan tanam cabai secara hidroponik. Berdasarkan angket respon yang diberikan kepada KPM diketahui bahwa rata-rata keseluruhan 88 %. Hal tersebut menunjukkan respon positif terhadap pelatihan hidrochili (tanam cabai secara hidroponik).
EDUKASI HIDUP SEHAT DAN BAHAGIA DENGAN ASUPAN GIZI YANG TEPAT PADA PEREMPUAN MENOPAUSE .
Authors: Budury Syiddatul
Published: July 2020

Estrogen and progesterone decreasing during menopause phase. It caused psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. Emotional problems like  afraid of getting old,  unattractive, sleep disorder,  easily getting upset,  feeling pressured without knowing  why, afraid of  not being loved by her spouse,  her children and being abandoned. There are helathy food that contains fotoestrogen where it could be estrogen substitute in body durung menopause. This community service aims to give education and consultation about healthy food during menopause to make post menopause women healthier and happier. This service was followed by elderly women who join Griyo Lansia community in Kepuh Kiriman Village, Waru Sidorajo. The methode was giving health education supported by booklet. And the result showed that elderly people  have a good  knowledge and knowing what kind of healthy food  that good to consume.
PENGENALAN TEKNOLOGI VIRTUAL REALITY DAN AUGMENTED REALITY SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG EDUKASI UNTUK SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI GRESIK
Authors: Sukaridhoto Sritrusta , Rante Hestiasari , Agus Zainuddin Muhammad , Putri Nourma Budiarti Rizqi
Published: July 2020

Dunia telah memasuki zaman Industry 4.0, dimana teknologi pendukungnya adalah Virtual Reality (VR) dan Augmented Reality (AR). Saat ini teknologi VR/AR sudah semakin berkembang pesat, sudah banyak peneliti dan industri yang mengembangkan aplikasi VR/AR. VR adalah teknologi komputer yang mampu memreplikasi lingkungan real maupun hayal dan mampu menstimulasi kondisi fisik pengguna sehingga mampu berinteraksi. Perangkat yang digunakan untuk dapat menggunakan teknologi VR ada berbagai macam, dari perangkat Head-Mounted-Display, perangkat masukan, perangkat lunak, konten, hingga perangkat gabungan. Pengetahuan tentang teknologi VR ini bias didapat dari Internet. Namun apakah teknologi ini sudah dikenal oleh masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya sekolah sebagai pendukung kegiatan edukasi? terutamanya oleh siswa menengah dalam membantu siswa untuk belajar dan mencari pengetahuan. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, Kami mengadakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan judul “Pengenalan Teknologi Virtual Reality dan Augmented Reality sebagai Pendukung Edukasi untuk Siswa Menengah di Gresik”. Dimana dalam kegiatan tersebut Kami menjelaskan cara kerja teknologi VR/AR, implementasi penggunaan teknologi VR/AR berserta contoh-contoh aplikasi yang dapat digunakan untuk edukasi, dan penjelasan tentang aplikasi VR/AR yang tidak baik untuk siswa. Dari hasil pengamatan didapatkan bahwa 80% penggunaan teknologi VR/AR mudah dan berguna untuk edukasi, namun untuk implementasinya masih membutuhkan biaya.
МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ІНТЕНСИВНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ БОЙОВИХ ОБСЛУГ КП У НАВЧАЛЬНО-ТРЕНУВАЛЬНИХ ЦЕНТРАХ ПОВІТРЯНИХ СИЛ
Authors: Шворов С. , Горбачевський С. , Орда М.
Published: July 2020

У статті розглянуті методичні засади планування та реалізації інтенсивної підготовки бойових обслуг автоматизованих командних пунктів Повітряних Сил, практичне використання яких забезпечує підвищення ефективності проведення комплексних тренувань у навчально-тренувальних центрах Повітряних Сил на основі інтенсифікації відпрацювання навчальних завдань.
Health risks and legal aspects of non-alcoholic drinks safe consumption
Authors: Adamchuk T.V. , Kuzminskiy S.M. , Shchutska Т.О.
Published: July 2020

Objective of the Work. Conduct an analysis of the safety studies of the major energy drink components carried out by various international scientific institutions. Compare European and Ukrainian legislation on the regulation of safe energy drink consumption.

Methods and Materials. Analysis of scientific literature, as well as European and Ukrainian regulations on the safety and regulation of energy drinks.

Results and Discussion. Non-alcoholic beverage is one that, due to its special component, activates the physiological functions of the human body. Its main components are caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, ginseng extracts, guarana and vitamin B complex.

Caffeine safety assessment has been carried out by many scientific organizations. In 1991, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that caffeine was not classified as a human carcinogen. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has conducted a comprehensive and in-depth study on the safety of caffeine. The main findings of this study are: single doses of caffeine up to 200 mg (about 3 mg / kg body weight for an adult weighing 70 kg) do not cause safety concerns, regular caffeine intake up to 400 mg per day does not cause safety concerns for nonpregnant adults, regular caffeine intake of up to 200 mg daily by pregnant women does not cause fetal safety concerns, breastfeeding women do not raise infant safety concerns; for adolescents, caffeine intake in amounts that do not cause fears for adult caffeine intake (3 mg / kg body weight per day) may serve as a basis for determining safe single doses of caffeine and its daily intake, other components of energy drinks in concentrations typical of such drinks (about 300-320, 4000 and 2400 mg / l of caffeine, taurine and D-glucuronyl-γ-lactone, respectively), and also alcohol at doses up to 0.65 g / kg body weight do not affect the safety of receiving single doses of caffeine (up to 200 mg).

Conclusions. The essential requirements governing the safe consumption of energy drinks relate to their labeling. In order to achieve a high level of consumer health protection, to guarantee their rights to obtain reliable information, to enable them to make a conscious choice of safe products for them, energy drink manufacturers should inform consumers about their products and the need to comply with the recommended consumption of these drinks.

Key Words: energy drinks, caffeine, safety, risks, marking.