bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monosomal karyotype predicts inferior survival independently of a complex karyotype in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: McQuilten Zoe K. , Sundararajan Vijaya , Andrianopoulos Nick , Curtis David J. , Wood Erica M. , Campbell Lynda J. , Wall Meaghan
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

Conflicting data exist about the impact of a monosomal karyotype (MK) on overall survival (OS) for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and particularly for those with a complex karyotype (CK). This study was aimed at determining whether an MK is associated with OS independently of the number of cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) in a population‐based MDS cohort.

METHODS

Cancer registry data on incident MDS cases were linked with cytogenetic data and hospital administrative data from 2000 to 2010 for the Australian state of Victoria.

RESULTS

Between 2000 and 2010, 1404 incident MDS cases with cytogenetic results were identified. A CK, defined as 3 or more abnormalities, was present in 126 (9%). A very complex karyotype (vCK), defined as 5 or more abnormalities, was present in 95 (7%). An MK was associated with worse OS in the whole cohort (median 6 vs 39 months, P < 0.001) including those with a coexisting CK (6 vs 17 months, P < 0.001) or vCK (6 vs 9 months, P = 0.02). After adjustments for the number of CAs, an MK remained independently associated with OS, although its effect size decreased with increasing cytogenetic complexity (hazard ratio for an MK, 4.81; 95% confidence interval, 3.08‐7.52; hazard ratio for the number of CAs, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.15‐1.30; and hazard ratio for the interaction between an MK and CAs, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.77‐0.89).

CONCLUSIONS

These results support the clinical utility of an MK as an independent predictor of adverse outcomes for MDS patients, even among CK and vCK groups, although its prognostic effect decreases with increasing cytogenetic complexity. Cancer 2015;121:2892–2899. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
The lasting impact of the therapeutic alliance: Patient‐oncologist alliance as a predictor of caregiver bereavement adjustment
Authors: Trevino Kelly M. , Maciejewski Paul K. , Epstein Andrew S. , Prigerson Holly G.
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

Caregivers of patients with advanced cancer provide extensive care and experience high levels of psychosocial distress. The patient‐oncologist therapeutic alliance may be a modifiable factor that can prevent or reduce negative caregiver outcomes.

METHODS

Coping with Cancer (CwC) was a prospective, longitudinal, multisite cohort study of terminally ill cancer patients (life expectancy ≤6 months) and their informal caregivers, who were followed into bereavement (n = 68). Trained raters interviewed patients and caregivers upon study entry and also interviewed caregivers 6 months after the patient's death. Patients answered quantitative questions assessing their perception of the patient‐oncologist therapeutic alliance (The Human Connection scale), and caregivers completed a measure of health‐related quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36). Interviewers rated caregivers’ level of emotional well being. Associations between therapeutic alliance and caregiver outcomes were analyzed using univariate analysis of variance and logistic regression analyses, controlling for baseline caregiver measures and confounding sample characteristics.

RESULTS

A strong patient‐oncologist therapeutic alliance was bivariately associated with caregiver self‐report of less role limitation because of emotional problems, better social function and mental and general health‐related quality of life, and better interviewer‐rated emotional well being after the patient's death. After controlling for baseline measures and confounding sample characteristics, the correlation between patient‐perceived therapeutic alliance and bereaved caregivers’ mental health and interviewer ratings of bereaved caregivers’ emotional well being remained significant.

CONCLUSIONS

The influence of the patient‐oncologist alliance may generalize beyond the patient to positively impact the caregiver. By developing a strong relationship with the patient, the oncologist may benefit the caregiver and the patient. This caregiver benefit may extend into bereavement. Cancer 2015;121:3435–43. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Nickel‐Containing Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalates as Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts: Photochemical Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: von Allmen Kim , Moré René , Müller Rafael , Soriano‐López Joaquín , Linden Anthony , Patzke Greta R.
Published: June 2015

In search of structure–activity relationships for polyoxometalate (POM)‐based water reduction catalysts, nickel‐monosubstituted Keggin‐type POMs ([Ni(H2O)XW11O39]n−; XP, Si, Ge) were compared with respect to their activity in photochemical hydrogen evolution. The title compound series was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods and a wide range of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Nickel substitution was identified as a crucial feature for catalytic activity through comparison with nickel‐free reference POMs. Furthermore, turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency strongly depended on the heteroatom X, and the highest TON among the series was recorded for [Ni(H2O)GeW11O39]6−. Photochemical hydrogen evolution activity was compared with redox and onset potentials obtained from electrochemical analyses. Furthermore, activity trends were correlated with electronic structure properties derived from density functional theory calculations.
Biphasic Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroesterification in a Polyol Phase: Selective Synthesis of Derived Monoesters
Authors: Pruvost Romain , Boulanger Jérôme , Léger Bastien , Ponchel Anne , Monflier Eric , Ibert Mathias , Mortreux André , Sauthier Mathieu
Published: June 2015

The palladium‐catalyzed hydroesterification reaction was performed with polyols and olefins in a liquid/liquid biphasic system composed of unreacted polyol on the one hand and apolar reaction products/organic solvents on the other hand. The palladium‐based catalyst was immobilized in the polyol phase thanks to the use of cationic triarylphosphines possessing pendent protonated amino groups in the acidic reaction medium or to the sulfonated phosphine TPPTS (trisodium triphenylphosphine‐3,3′,3′′‐trisulfonate). Owing to the insolubility of the products in the catalytic phase, this approach allowed the synthesis of monoesters of polyols with high selectivities as well as the easy separation of the catalyst through simple decantation.
Carbon Nanosheets: Synthesis and Application
Authors: Fan Huailin , Shen Wenzhong
Published: June 2015

Carbon nanosheets (CNSs) with tunable sizes, morphologies, and pore structures have been synthesized through several chemical routes. Graphitized CNSs have been synthesized through exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, or high‐temperature carbonization. Porous CNSs have been synthesized by using various methods, including pyrolysis, self‐assembly, or a solvothermal method in connection with carbonization. These CNSs have successfully been used as detectors for metal ions, as cathodes for field electron emissions, as electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells, and as supports for photocatalytic and catalytic oxygen reduction. Therefore, the synthesis and application of CNSs are receiving increasing levels of interest, particularly as application benefits, in the context of future energy/chemical industry, are becoming recognized. This review provides a summary of the most recent and important progress in the production of CNSs and highlights their application in environmental and energy‐related fields.
Effects of grass species and grass growth on atmospheric nitrogen deposition to a bog ecosystem surrounded by intensive agricultural land use
Authors: Hurkuck Miriam , Brümmer Christian , Mohr Karsten , Spott Oliver , Well Reinhard , Flessa Heinz , Kutsch Werner L.
Published: June 2015

We applied a 15N dilution technique called “Integrated Total Nitrogen Input” (ITNI) to quantify annual atmospheric N input into a peatland surrounded by intensive agricultural practices over a 2‐year period. Grass species and grass growth effects on atmospheric N deposition were investigated using Lolium multiflorum and Eriophorum vaginatum and different levels of added N resulting in increased biomass production. Plant biomass production was positively correlated with atmospheric N uptake (up to 102.7 mg N pot−1) when using Lolium multiflorum. In contrast, atmospheric N deposition to Eriophorum vaginatum did not show a clear dependency to produced biomass and ranged from 81.9 to 138.2 mg N pot−1. Both species revealed a relationship between atmospheric N input and total biomass N contents. Airborne N deposition varied from about 24 to 55 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Partitioning of airborne N within the monitor system differed such that most of the deposited N was found in roots of Eriophorum vaginatum while the highest share was allocated in aboveground biomass of Lolium multiflorum. Compared to other approaches determining atmospheric N deposition, ITNI showed highest airborne N input and an up to fivefold exceedance of the ecosystem‐specific critical load of 5–10 kg N ha−1 yr−1.
Patent Blue Derivatized Dendronized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging
Authors: Truong‐Phuoc Lai , Marie Kueny‐Stotz  , Jouhannaud Julien , Garofalo Antonio , Blé François‐Xavier , Simon Hervé , Tellier Franklin , Poulet Patrick , Chirco Piero , Begin‐Colin Sylvie , Pourroy Geneviève , Felder‐Flesch Delphine
Published: June 2015

Dendronized nanoparticles were designed for the bimodal (optical and magnetic) detection of lymph nodes with a hand‐held probe during surgery. Patent Blue VF dye and iron oxide nanoparticles with 20 nm diameter, displaying high magnetization and located at the superparamagnetic/blocked monodomain boundary, were associated through a dendritic PEGylated coating to obtain stable water suspensions. Conjugation procedures (the sulfonamide link formed between the PEGylated dendron and the dye, together with the phosphonate anchoring on the iron oxide surface) were shown to be strong enough to survive in vivo conditions when the prepared nanohybrids were tested in an inflammatory node model. Moreover, magnetization of 20 nm nanoparticles increased when dendrons were grafted onto the surface, showing that they are good candidates for magnetic particle imaging, which requires high magnetization values. Preliminary lymphatic node uptake experiments performed in an inflammatory animal model showed higher uptake of the 10 nm nanoparticles relative to that of 20 nm nanoparticles. The highest probe concentration was reached 2 d after injection.
Chronic reactive gliosis following regulatory T cell depletion during acute MCMV encephalitis
Authors: Lokensgard James R. , Schachtele Scott J. , Mutnal Manohar B. , Sheng Wen S. , Prasad Sujata , Hu Shuxian
Published: June 2015

Long‐term, persistent central nervous system inflammation is commonly seen following brain infection. Using a murine model of viral encephalitis (murine cytomegalovirus, MCMV) we have previously shown that post‐encephalitic brains are maintained in an inflammatory state consisting of glial cell reactivity, retention of brain‐infiltrating tissue‐resident memory CD8+ T‐cells, and long‐term persistence of antibody‐producing cells of the B‐lineage. Here, we report that this neuroinflammation occurs concomitantly with accumulation and retention of immunosuppressive regulatory T‐cells (Tregs), and is exacerbated following their ablation. However, the extent to which these Tregs function to control neuroimmune activation following MCMV encephalitis is unknown. In this study, we used Foxp3‐diphtheria toxin receptor‐GFP (Foxp3‐DTR‐GFP) transgenic mice, which upon administration of low‐dose diphtheria toxin (DTx) results in the specific depletion of Tregs, to investigate their function. We found treatment with DTx during the acute phase of viral brain infection (0–4 dpi) resulted in depletion of Tregs from the brain, exacerbation of encephalitis (i.e., increased presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells), and chronic reactive phenotypes of resident glial cells (i.e., elevated MHC Class II as well as PD‐L1 levels, sustained microgliosis, and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression on astrocytes) versus untreated, infected animals. This chronic proinflammatory environment was associated with reduced cognitive performance in spatial learning and memory tasks (Barnes Maze) by convalescent animals. These data demonstrate that chronic glial cell activation, unremitting post‐encephalitic neuroinflammation, and its associated long‐term neurological sequelae in response to viral brain infection are modulated by the immunoregulatory properties of Tregs. GLIA 2015;63:1982–1996
Knowledge and perceptions of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in four ethnic groups in Copenhagen, Denmark
Authors: Nielsen T. Rune , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: June 2015

Objective

Older people from ethnic minorities are underrepresented in dementia care. Some of the determinants of access to care are knowledge and perceptions of dementia, which may vary between ethnic groups in the population. The aims of this study were to compare knowledge and perceptions of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) among four ethnic groups in Copenhagen, Denmark, and to assess the influence of education and acculturation.

Methods

Quantitative survey data from 260 participants were analyzed: 100 native Danish, and 47 Polish, 51 Turkish, and 62 Pakistani immigrants. Knowledge and perceptions of dementia and AD were assessed with the Dementia Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ) supplemented with two questions from the Alzheimer's Disease Awareness Test (ADAT). Knowledge and perceptions of dementia and AD in the four groups were compared, and the influence of education and acculturation was assessed.

Results

Group differences were found on the DKQ total score as well as all sub‐domains. Turkish and Pakistani people were most likely to hold normalizing and stigmatizing views of AD. Level of education and acculturation had limited influence on dementia knowledge, accounting for 22% of the variance at most and had only minor influence on perceptions of AD.

Conclusions

Lacking knowledge and certain perceptions of dementia and AD may hamper access to services in some ethnic minority groups. Ongoing efforts to raise awareness that dementia and AD are not part of normal aging, particularly among Turkish and Pakistani communities, should be a high priority for educational outreach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate cortical tissue classification on MRI by modeling cortical folding patterns
Authors: Kim Hosung , Caldairou Benoit , Hwang Ji‐Wook , Mansi Tommaso , Hong Seok‐Jun , Bernasconi Neda , Bernasconi Andrea
Published: June 2015

Accurate tissue classification is a crucial prerequisite to MRI morphometry. Automated methods based on intensity histograms constructed from the entire volume are challenged by regional intensity variations due to local radiofrequency artifacts as well as disparities in tissue composition, laminar architecture and folding patterns. Current work proposes a novel anatomy‐driven method in which parcels conforming cortical folding were regionally extracted from the brain. Each parcel is subsequently classified using nonparametric mean shift clustering. Evaluation was carried out on manually labeled images from two datasets acquired at 3.0 Tesla (n = 15) and 1.5 Tesla (n = 20). In both datasets, we observed high tissue classification accuracy of the proposed method (Dice index >97.6% at 3.0 Tesla, and >89.2% at 1.5 Tesla). Moreover, our method consistently outperformed state‐of‐the‐art classification routines available in SPM8 and FSL‐FAST, as well as a recently proposed local classifier that partitions the brain into cubes. Contour‐based analyses localized more accurate white matter–gray matter (GM) interface classification of the proposed framework compared to the other algorithms, particularly in central and occipital cortices that generally display bright GM due to their highly degree of myelination. Excellent accuracy was maintained, even in the absence of correction for intensity inhomogeneity. The presented anatomy‐driven local classification algorithm may significantly improve cortical boundary definition, with possible benefits for morphometric inference and biomarker discovery. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3563–3574, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dopaminergic correlates of metabolic network activity in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Holtbernd Florian , Ma Yilong , Peng Shichun , Schwartz Frank , Timmermann Lars , Kracht Lutz , Fink Gereon R. , Tang Chris C. , Eidelberg David , Eggers Carsten
Published: June 2015

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with distinct metabolic covariance patterns that relate to the motor and cognitive manifestations of the disorder. It is not known, however, how the expression of these patterns relates to measurements of nigrostriatal dopaminergic activity from the same individuals. To explore these associations, we studied 106 PD subjects who underwent cerebral PET with both 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F‐fluoro‐L‐dopa (FDOPA). Expression values for the PD motor‐ and cognition‐related metabolic patterns (PDRP and PDCP, respectively) were computed for each subject; these measures were correlated with FDOPA uptake on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis. To explore the relationship between dopaminergic function and local metabolic activity, caudate and putamen FDOPA PET signal was correlated voxel‐wise with FDG uptake over the entire brain. PDRP expression correlated with FDOPA uptake in caudate and putamen (P < 0.001), while PDCP expression correlated with uptake in the anterior striatum (P < 0.001). While statistically significant, the correlations were only of modest size, accounting for less than 20% of the overall variation in these measures. After controlling for PDCP expression, PDRP correlations were significant only in the posterior putamen. Of note, voxel‐wise correlations between caudate/putamen FDOPA uptake and whole‐brain FDG uptake were significant almost exclusively in PDRP regions. Overall, the data indicate that PDRP and PDCP expression correlates significantly with PET indices of presynaptic dopaminergic functioning obtained in the same individuals. Even so, the modest size of these correlations suggests that in PD patients, individual differences in network activity cannot be explained solely by nigrostriatal dopamine loss. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3575–3585, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Health care–associated infections in patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy
Authors: Mirabile Aurora , Vismara Chiara , Crippa Fulvio , Bossi Paolo , Locati Laura , Bergamini Cristiana , Granata Roberta , Resteghini Carlo , Conte Eutilia , Morelli Daniele , Scarpellini Paolo , Licitra Lisa
Published: June 2015

Background

The incidence of health care–associated infections in patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (RT) is unknown. This retrospective study investigated the most common pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity/resistance patterns in patients with head and neck cancer.

Methods

Infection rates in patients with head and neck cancer were analyzed over 2 periods (January 2005 to December 2009 and January 2010 to November 2012).

Results

In the first period, 140 health care‐associated infections were observed among 2288 admissions, mostly because of gram‐negative pathogens affecting the respiratory tract. In the second period, 212 health care‐associated infections were observed. An increase in antibiotic resistance was reported. Health care‐associated infections were more frequent with: male sex, age <65 years, important comorbidities, smoking, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), prophylaxis, and/or central venous catheter (CVC), locally advanced disease, and chemotherapy/RT, especially after the third week of treatment.

Conclusion

Health care‐associated infections increased over time, with corresponding increases in gram‐negative pathogens and resistant strains. Prevention and treatment protocols should be implemented in institutions treating patients with head and neck cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1009–E1013, 2016
BTK mutations selectively regulate BTK expression and upregulate monocyte XBP1 mRNA in XLA patients
Authors: Teocchi Marcelo A. , Domingues Ramalho Vanessa , Abramczuk Beatriz M. , D'Souza‐Li Lília , Santos Vilela Maria Marluce
Published: June 2015

Mutations in the Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene are responsible for X‐linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Unfolded or misfolded proteins can trigger stress pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as unfolded protein response (UPR). The aim was to clarify the involvement of UPR in XLA pathophysiology. By reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR, we evaluated the expression of BTK and 12 UPR‐related genes in eight patients. Moreover, we assessed the BTK protein expression and pattern in the patients' monocytes by flow cytometry and fluorescence immunocytochemistry. We found a reduced BTK expression in patients with stop codon mutations (P < 0.02). However, missense mutations did not affect BTK expression. Flow cytometry showed a reduction of BTK in patients which was corroborated by an absent or nonfunctional protein synthesis revealed by immunocytochemistry. In contrast with the other UPR‐related genes, X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1) was markedly upregulated in the patients (P < 0.01), suggesting Toll‐like receptor (TLR) activation since BTK directly interacts with TLRs as a negative regulator and XBP1 can be activated in direct response to TLR ligation. Different BTK mutations can be identified by the BTK expression. Inasmuch as UPR‐related genes were downregulated or unaltered in patients, we speculate the involvement of the TLRs‐XBP1 axis in the XLA pathophysiology. Such data could be the basis for further studies of this novel pathomechanism concerning XLA.
What did you say? Self‐regulatory depletion impairs interpretation of vocal cues
Authors: Adams Kastherine E. , Tyler James M.
Published: June 2015

Evidence indicates that people are motivated to interpret environmental cues to belongingness, but doing so can be challenging. Prior evidence shows that the self's regulatory resources are consumed when interpreting complex facial displays; with this study, we examined how the depletion of such resources may impact the ability to interpret vocal tones. Results showed that depletion decreased accuracy in identifying complex (vs. simple) vocal cues, which extends prior work and offers a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between self‐regulatory resources and the ability to effectively interpret one's social environment.
Daily House Price Indices: Construction, Modeling, and Longer‐run Predictions
Authors: Bollerslev Tim , Patton Andrew J. , Wang Wenjing
Published: June 2015

We construct daily house price indices for 10 major US metropolitan areas. Our calculations are based on a comprehensive database of several million residential property transactions and a standard repeat‐sales method that closely mimics the methodology of the popular monthly Case–Shiller house price indices. Our new daily house price indices exhibit dynamic features similar to those of other daily asset prices, with mild autocorrelation and strong conditional heteroskedasticity of the corresponding daily returns. A relatively simple multivariate time series model for the daily house price index returns, explicitly allowing for commonalities across cities and GARCH effects, produces forecasts of longer‐run monthly house price changes that are superior to various alternative forecast procedures based on lower‐frequency data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimensions of Perfectionism Mediate the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Coping
Authors: Gong Xiaopeng , Fletcher Kathryn L. , Bolin Jocelyn H.
Published: June 2015

This study explored the relationships among parenting styles, perfectionism dimensions, and coping through an online survey. With structural equation modeling and a bootstrap method, the results demonstrated that perfectionism dimensions mediated the relationship between parenting styles and coping strategies among 376 undergraduates (women, 80.6%; men, 19.4%; Caucasian, 94.4%). Thus, parenting practices may be antecedents to perfectionism dimensions that contribute to an individual's ability to cope with stressful situations. The implications for counselors and practice are discussed.
The Reaction between Bromine and the Water Dimer and the Highly Exothermic Reverse Reaction
Authors: Li Guoliang , Wang Hui , Li Qian‐Shu , Xie Yaoming , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: June 2015

The entrance complex, transition state, and exit complex for the bromine atom plus water dimer reaction Br + (H2O)2 → HBr + (H2O)OH and its reverse reaction have been investigated using the CCSD(T) method with correlation consistent basis sets up to cc‐pVQZ‐PP. Based on the CCSD(T)/cc‐pVQZ‐PP results, the reaction is endothermic by 31.7 kcal/mol. The entrance complex Br⋯(H2O)2 is found to lie 6.5 kcal/mol below the separated reactants. The classical barrier lies 28.3 kcal/mol above the reactants. The exit complex HBr⋯(H2O)OH is bound by 6.0 kcal/mol relative to the separated products. Compared with the corresponding water monomer reaction Br + H2O → HBr + OH, the second water molecule lowers the relative energies of the entrance complex, transition state, and exit complex by 3.0, 3.8, and 3.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Both zero‐point vibrational energies and spin‐orbit coupling effects make significant changes to the above classical energetics. Including both effects, the predicted energies relation to separated Br + (H2O)2 are −3.0 kcal/mol [Br···(H2O)2], 28.2 kcal/mol [transition state], 26.4 kcal/mol [HBr···(H2O)OH], and 30.5 kcal/mol [separated HBr + (H2O)OH]. The potential energy surface for the Br + (H2O)2 reaction is related to that for the valence isoelectronic Cl + (H2O)2 system but radically different from the F + (H2O)2 system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Polarographic Study of Dipicrylamine. I. The Polarographic Behavior of Dipicrylaminate
Authors: Pan Kuan , Lin Zui‐Feng
Published: June 2015

A polarographic study of dipicrylamine in a series of buffer solutions was carried out. In order to estimate the acidity of the free amine, the apparent ionization constant of dipicrylamine was evaluated from the results of potentiometric titrations of sodium dipicrylaminate with hydrochloric acid at 25°C. The effect of pH values and concentrations of solutions on the half‐wave potentials were observed.
Physico‐Chemical Studies on the Electrolytic Behavior of Thorium Complexes. I. Conductometric Measurements of the Thorium‐Dicarboxylate Systems in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Pan Kuan , Cheng Hwa Sheng
Published: June 2015

Thorium nitrate was conductometrically titrated with malonic, succinic, adipic acids in aqueous solutions and azeleic and sebacic acids in alcoholic solutions, respectively. The composition and electrolytic behavior of thorium‐malonate system were investigated by conductometric and pH measurements. The formation of Th(CH2(COO)2)2 was observed in the conductometric titrations of thorium nitrate with sodium and ammonium malonates, while that of the complex ion, (Th(OOC.CH2.‐COO)4)−4, in the reverse titrations. The approximate solubility product constant of the former is estimated from the results of pH measurements.
Studies on Saccharides of Marine Algae. I. Identification of Floridoside and a DL‐Galactan in a Red Alga, Porphyra Crispata, Kiellm
Authors: Su Jong‐Ching
Published: June 2015

Existence of floridoside (α‐D‐galactosylglycerol) in a purified 80% alcohol extract of Porphyra crispata was confirmed. From the hot water extract of the residue of alcohol extraction, polysaccharide was precipitated with alkali and alcohol. The polysaccharide was found to be consisted chiefly of DL‐galactose and an unidentified ketose.
Differential Thermal Analysis and X‐Ray Analysis of Certain Clay Minerals of Taiwan Soils
Authors: Chen Tsen‐Tuo
Published: June 2015

By means of chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis and X‐ray analysis, the clay minerals of the colloids of the three important agricultural soils of Taiwan: the yellowish red latosol, the alluvial soil developed from sandstone and the alluvial soil from slate, have been investigated.

It was observed that the colloid of the yellowish red latosol consisted primarily of the kaolinite group clay mineral and that of clays from the alluvial soils was mainly illite group clay mineral.
Kinetics of the Oxidation of Hypophosphorous Acid by Chromate
Authors: Pan Kuan , Lin Sheng‐Hsien
Published: June 2015

The reduction of dichromate ion by hypoposphorous acid in sulfuric acid solution has been found to be of the second order with respect to HCrO4− and of the first order with respect to the total concentration of H3PO2.

The existence of the active form of hypophosphorous acid and the intermediate state of HCr2O6− ion was presumed. From the mesurable rate of reaction, the reaction mechanism was proposed as follows:

magnified image

where HCr2O6− was rapidly reduced to Cr[III].

The average value of k1 k3/k2 was estimated as 466 at 25°C.
Cathodic Action of the Uranium Chelate Compounds at the Dropping Mercury Electrode I. Uranyl‐Succinate Complex
Authors: Lai Tsai‐Teh , Chang Teh‐Liang
Published: June 2015

Complex formation between uranium (VI) and succinic acid has been studied polarographically.

The discussion concerning the first wave of the chelate in pH range 20 to 6.5 was given in detail.

The difference of ligands between U (VI) and U (V) was found to be two, and the electrode reactions at 2.0<pH<5.2 and 5.2<pH<6.5 were considered as,

magnified image

and

respectively. The dissociation constants at 30°C were calculated as,

magnified image

A linear relation was found to exist between the diffusion current and uranyl ion concentration in a range between 2×10−4 M to 3×10−3 M.
The Effect of the Types of Salt Bridge on the pH Measurements of a Colloidal System—The Soil
Authors: Kun‐Huang Houng , Tsen‐Tuo Chen
Published: June 2015

The measurements of the pH of a colloidal system—soil suspension—by glass and calomel electrode assembly using different types of salt bridges showed that the pH readings were not the same if the salt bridges were connected to the soil sediments, indicating the potentials developed at the liquid junction were not of the same magnitude. Therefore, this should not be neglected when the salt bridge is connected to a colloidal suspension.

The side tube type salt bridge developed in this study has been found most satisfactory for connecting the electrode with the soil sediment, because it provides a larger sharp contact surface without possible contamination of the soil sediment by saturated KCl solution from the salt bridge.
Studies of Benzofurans as Potential Antimicrobial Agents. II. Synthesis of β‐(2‐Benzofuryl)‐Acrylic Acid and its Derivatives
Authors: Pan Foo , Wang T.C.
Published: June 2015

For antimicrobial study, β‐(2‐benzofuryl)acrylic acid has been synthesized in eighty per cent yield by the Knoevenagel reaction. Also prepared were its fifteen derivatives. In a preliminary antifungal test, the free acid exhibited a marked activity, while its functional derivatives were either less active or completely inactive under similar experimental conditions. The detailed results of the antifungal and antibacterial studies will be reported later.
Polarographic Studies on Dioxo‐Complexes of Germanium. II. The Ge(IV)‐Gallein System
Authors: Pan Kuan , Lin Zui‐Feng , Sun Peng‐Joung
Published: June 2015

The complex formation between germanium and gallein (Pyrogallolphthalein) was polarographically studied in acetic acid‐acetate buffers at various pH's. The mole ratio of germanium to gallein was estimated as 1:2. The apparent instability constant of the complex was computed as (6.5 ± 0.2) ×10−2 at pH 5.0 and (1.05 × 0.05) ×10−2 at pH 6.0, respectively, while that corrected for pH effect was evaluated as (4.3±0.1) ×10−16 at 25°C.
Note on the Evaluation of the ϵ′ Folding Energy by Stress‐Temperature Measurements
Authors: Shen Mitchel C.
Published: June 2015

A further refinement in the evaluation of ϵ′ folding energy 13 presented. It is found that a correction term R3TT2/(a3—1) should be included into a previously derived equation, if ϵ′ is determined by stress‐temperature measurements at constant pressure and constant extended length. The results confirms quantitatively our previous estimation that when relative extension ratio is greater than 1.5, the correction term is negligible.
Characteristics of Bis [2‐Ethylhexyl] Orthophosphoric Acid Chromatographic Columns for Rare‐Earth Separation
Authors: Cheng Hwa‐Sheng , Ke Chiung‐Huei , Lin Ching‐Yü , Winchester John W.
Published: June 2015

Separation factors for La, Ce, and Pr have been measured precisely on columns of bis [2‐ethylhexyl] orthophosphoric acid (DEP) supported on diatomaceous silica made hydrophobic with dimethyldichlorosilane. Column behavior is related to the properties of DEP when used as a solvent extractant, and the column method is a useful one for studying a solvent extraction system with great precision and reproducibility. Separation factors measured are Ce/La = 2.8 ± 0.1 and Pr/Ce = 2.7 ± 0.1. The dependence of elution volume on HCl activity is found to be approximately 2.5 power in the range 0.2–0.3 M HCl.
A Radiochemical Method for the Microdetermination of Tannins
Authors: Ma T.S. , Yang Miss Mei‐Hui
Published: June 2015

A simple and rapid procedure is presented for the determination of 1–10 mg of tannins. It is based on the precipitation of the tannin‐uranium complex and the measurement of the radioactivity of the precipitate. This micromethod is shown to be superior to procedures depending on gravimetry, titrimetry, colorimetry, or spectrophotometry.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study on Hydrogen Bonding of Butyl Alcohols
Authors: Chen Chin‐Chun , Lin Wei‐Chuwan
Published: June 2015

Nuclear magnetic resonance of hydroxyl proton of four butyl alcohols have been measured as a function of alcohol concentration in carbon tetrachloride solvent. Assuming equilibria among monomer, open‐dimer and cyclic dimer for alcohol association, the chemical shifts of the hydroxyl proton both at the bonded state and at the non‐bonded state and also the equilibrium constants were determined from the observation at a moderate dilution. The results were tabulated in Table 1 and shown in Fig. 1.
Osmotic and Activity Coefficients of Copper(II) Chloride and Cadmium Chloride from Freezing Point Measurements
Authors: Huang Jan‐Tsyu , Pan Kuan
Published: June 2015

Osmotic coefficients and activity coefficients of copper(II) chloride and cadmium chloride in aqueous solutions were evaluated from freezing point depression in dilute solutions of concentration range below 0.1 molal. The association constants for the ion‐pairs, CuCl+ and CdCl+ were calculated as 2.3±0.3 and 74±5, respectively.
Hexadecyltrialkoxysilanes
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh , Wang Shiow‐Chyn
Published: June 2015

Hexadecyltrialkoxysilanes having alkoxy group not larger than C5 were synthesized and their properties examined.
Characterization and Separation of C6‐C1 Phenolic Compounds I. 2,4‐Dinitrophenylhydrazones of Phenolic Aldehydes
Authors: Yang Chao‐Hwa , Chow Jainn
Published: June 2015

2,4‐Dinitrophenydrazones of benzaldehyde, salicyladehyde, m‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, p‐anisaldehyde, protocatechuic aldehyde, vanillin, isovanillin, o‐vanillin, heliotropin (or piperonal), syringaldehyde, and gallaldehyde trimethyl ether were prepared. Ultoaviolet and infrared absorption spectra of these hydrazones were compared from a viewpoint of variation in their hydroxylation patterns. An attempt to separate these compounds by means of Silica‐gel thin layer chromatography is also described.
A Preliminary Report on the Crystal Structure of Bis‐Cyclopentadienyl Beryllium
Authors: Wong Chi‐Hsiang , Chao Kuei‐Jung , Chih Chung , Lee Tseng‐Yu
Published: June 2015

The crystal structure of bis‐cyclopentadienyl beryllium has been investigated by analysis of three‐dimensional X‐ray diffraction data both at room temperature (RT) and at 120°C(LT). For data collection, Cu K∞ radiation and equal‐inclination, multiple‐film Weissenberg technique were used. Data collected were 0–3 along a, and 0–3 along b for RT, and 0–2 along a and 0–2 along b for LT.

Crystal data obtained are:

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Synthesis and Properties of 4‐Chlorobutoxysilanes
Authors: Yang Mei‐Hui , Liu Sheng‐Lieh
Published: June 2015

Seven new 4‐chlorobutoxysilanes were synthesized and the trends of effect of phenyl‐ and methyl‐group on the yield and refractive index were observed.
The Absorption Spectrum of 3B2u‐1Ag Transition of Crystalline Anthracene
Authors: Ting Chen‐Hanson
Published: June 2015

The absorption spectrum of 3B2u‐1Ag transition of anthracene is observed in pure crystal at low temperature. The oscillator strength, polarization, and Davydov plittings of this transition are accurately measured. The significance of these data and their relationship with the radiative and radiationless properties of this molecule are discussed.
Force Constant Calculation in Mass‐Weighted Cartesian Coordinates. Linear XYX and XYZ Type Molecules
Authors: Mou Chung‐Yuan , Chen Tunli
Published: June 2015

Force constants of simple linear XYX and XYZ types of molecules have been calculated in using the method of mass‐weighted cartesian coordinates. Relations and results between force constants in mass‐weighted cartesian coordinates and in internal coordinates were also discussed.
Preparation and Property of Some Azidosilanes
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh , Chen Cheng‐Yu , Shen Chung‐Li
Published: June 2015

Five organoazidosilanes have been synthesized by treating organo‐chlorosilanes with sodium azide in tetrahydrofuran. Structure of these compounds have been proved and some physical properties have also been observed.
Thermodynamic Properties Associated with Mercury‐Mercurous Electrode
Authors: Pan Kuan , Chang Jin‐Jyi , Hsin Shu‐Ching
Published: June 2015

E. m. f.'s of the cell, H2(g,p atm)/HClO4(m1), NaClO4(m2)/HClO4(m1), Hg2(ClO4)2 (m3)/Hg were measured at 20°, 25°, 30° and 35°C. The E° value is expressed as E° = 0.8915–5.14×10−4T+5.70×16−7T2. The free energy for the reaction, Hg2(aq)+H2(g)=2Hg(l)+2H+(aq) is given by ΔF°= −41,119+23.70T‐26.3×10−2T2. The thermodynamic quantities, ΔF° = −36,389, ΔH° = −38,782 cal mole−1 and ΔS° = −8.03 cal deg−1 mole−1 are given for the reaction, and ΔFlo=36.39, ΔHfo=39.78 Kcal mole−1 and S° = 13.82 cal deg−1 mole−1 are given for the formation of Hg2+2 ion at 25°C.
Studies on Carboxylato Complexes of Tricyclopentadienyl Cerium (IV) Chloride and Bisindenyl Cerium (IV) Dichloride
Authors: Kalsotra B. L. , Multani R. K. , Jain B. D.
Published: June 2015

Tricyclopentadienyl Cerium (IV) chloride and bisindenyl cerium (IV) dichloride have been treated with sodium salts of the appropriate carboxylic acids in benzene or tetrahydrofuran medium to give (C5H3)3 Ce(R) and (C9H7)2Ce(R)2 wherein R is HCOO, CH3COO, C2H5COO, C3H7COO and C6H5COO. The infrared spectra, thermal stabilities and other characteristics of the above compounds have been studied and reported.
Synthesis of 4‐Phenyl and 4′‐Phenyl Chalcones
Authors: Hsu K.K. , Wu T.S. , Ski J. Y.
Published: June 2015

In order to study the relationship between structure and activity of chalcones, several now 4‐phenyl and 4′‐phenyl chalcones are synthesized by condensation of p‐phenylbenzaldehyde with, various acetophenones and of p‐phenylacetophenone with various aldehydes, respectively, in ethanol under the presence of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide as catalyst.
Determination of Trace Amount of Mercury in Human Hair by Neutron Activation Analysis
Authors: Yeh Si Jung , Chen Ping Yao , Hsu San Te
Published: June 2015

Trace amount of mercury in human hair has been determined by destructive neutron activation analysis.

It was found that the contents of mercury in the hair of normal people in Taiwan area is the order of 6 ppm. It is of interest to point out that very little fluctuation is observed in the contents of mercury in human hair regardless of sex and age of the normal people under investigation.

On the other hand for those people who are working in the caustic soda manufacturing plant in which mercury is used as cathode in the electrolysis process of saline water, the mercury contents in their hair are definitely much higher (ca. 30 times) than the average values of normal people.
The Mass Spectral Studies of Halogenated Vinyl Methanesulfonates
Authors: Liu Lilian Kao
Published: June 2015

The mass spectra of saturated sulfonate esters1,2) have been reported recently. No study has been made on the vinylic methanesulfonates. In order to understand their breakdown patterns, several chloro‐ and fluoro‐containing vinyl methanesulfonates have been made3) and their mass spectra studied. The chlorine compounds are chosen because the natural abundance of isotope 35Cl and 37Cl can serve as a internal tag. The vinyl methanesulfonates containing electronegative fluorine are used as a comparison to the chloro‐compounds because of their similar electronegativities.
Spectrophotometric Studies of Uranyl(VI) Chelate of β‐Isopropyltropolone
Authors: Hseu Tong‐Ming , Chang Cheng , Hsu Kuang‐Ling
Published: June 2015

The acid dissociation constant (Ka) of β‐isopropyltropolone (IPT or HL) together with the stability constant (K) of its chelate complex with UO22+ ion have been determined in water‐ethanol medium containing 50% ethanol by volume and 0.1 M NaClO, over the temperature range 15‐45°C. From these results, values of the free energy, enthalpy and entropy of the chelation have been calculated at 25°C The results are collected as follows:

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Chemical, Thermal and X‐Ray Analysis of Some Clays
Authors: Khosla S. N. , Bedi R. K. , Gupta C. S.
Published: June 2015

Chemical, Dehydration, Differential Thermal and X‐ray analysis of some clays has been carried out to study their mineralogical composition.

All the clay samples appear to be basically montmorillonites. While in one of the clays, montmorillonite is the predominent phase, the other two also contain illites besides other clay mineral impurities.
Chalcones XXI: Studies in Potential Germicides of Homocyclic and Heterocyclic Nature
Authors: Misra Shyam Sunder
Published: June 2015

Seventeen heterocyclic and homocyclic chalcone analogues have been synthetically prepared by interaction of respective methyl aryl ketones and substituted benzaldehydes with a view to narrate their germicidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Tbe absorption spectra in infrared region has been recorded to show the presence of α, β‐unsaturated carbonyl group.
Reactions of Cyclic Pseudothioureas with Acetylenedicarboxylates
Authors: Liu Kang‐Chien , Tuan Julia Ying , Shih Bi‐Jane
Published: June 2015

Treatment of aliphatic 1,2‐, 1,3‐ or aromatic o‐diamine with carbon disulfide provided the corresponding cyclic pseudothioureas (IIb‐j). Heating thiourea (IIa) or these compounds with dimethyl or diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (IIIa, b) in ethanol resulted a nucleophilic addition of the sulfhydryl group to the C≡C bond accompanied with a ring‐closure condensation. Thus a series of alkoxycarbo‐methylidene derivatives of 2‐imino‐4‐thiazolidinone (IVa), imidazolo‐, benzimidazo‐and tetrahydropyrimido (2, 1‐b)‐3‐thiazolidinones (IVb‐k) was produced. An orientating experiment of saponifying the ester function of these compounds has also been carried out.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium with Sorbohydroxamic Acid as Reagent
Authors: Liu Chuen‐Ying , Yuan Bih‐Chwen , Sun Peng‐Joung
Published: June 2015

Sorbohydroxamic acid forms with uranium an orange red, water soluble complex. The mole ratio of uranyl ion to compound is 1 to 1 under the investigated conditions. The formation constant of this chelate was also determined by the Likussar—Boltz method at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 M at 30°C as 2.10×102. The recommended procedure obeys Beer's law between 3.98ppm and 166.6ppm of uranyl ion at pH 3.8±0.1. Tolerances to cerium (IV) and thorium have been investigated. The procedure for the determination of uranium are made more specific by applying preliminary extraction of uranium by ether.
Spectrophotometric Studies of Cerium(III) Chelate of 7‐Iodo‐8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐5‐Sulphonic Acid
Authors: Hseu Tong‐Ming , Tsai Ing‐Ing
Published: June 2015

Cerium(III) chelate of 7‐iodo‐8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulphonic acid(ferron) has been studied spectrophotometrically in aqueous solution at 25°C and at an ionic strength of 0.1M. The formation of this chelate was pH dependent, and the optimum pH range was between 5.5 to 6.0. Its mole ratio of ligand to cerium(III) ion was found to be 2 to 1 stoichiometry and the formation constant, logK, was determined as 10.15. Enthalpy and entropy changes characterizing the formation of the chelate have been calculated as follows: ΔG° =‐13.85kcal mole‐1, ΔH°= −5.03 kcal mole‐1, ΔS°=29.56 eu mole‐1. By using the wavelength of 370 nm, determination of trace amount of cerium(III) ion with the sensitivity of 0.056 was possible.
Constituents of Formosan Folk Medicine. IV. The Constituents of the Leaves of Phellodendron Wilsonii Hayata Et Kanehira
Authors: Wu Tian‐Shung
Published: June 2015

Phellamurin and amurensin were isolated from the leaves of Phellodendron wilsonii Hayata et Kanehira and it was confirmed that the latter coincided with 8‐isopentenylkaempferol‐7‐glucoside, epimedoside C.
Chemistry of O‐Benzoquinones and Masked O‐Benzoquinones I. Diels‐Alder Reactions of O‐Benzoquinones with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Phenylacetylene
Authors: Liao C. C. , Lin H. S. , Lin J. T.
Published: June 2015

Diels‐Alder reactions of six o‐benzoquinones with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate has been examined. The yields of adducts vary with the natures of the o‐benzoquinones, 3,4‐Di‐n‐propyl‐(1c), 3,6‐di‐n‐propyl (1d). 3. 4‐diallyl‐(1e) and 3, 6‐diallyl‐o‐benzoquinone (1f) are found to give bicyclic a‐diketones exclusively without the formation of 1,4‐dioxine derivatives, the yields ranging from 20 to 70%. In the case of 4, 5‐dimethoxy‐o‐benzoquinone, dimethyl 4, 5‐dimethoxyphthalate is produced in 42% yield, presumably derived from the decomposition of the corresponding initially formed α‐diketone. 3, 6‐Di‐n‐propyl‐4, 5‐dimethoxy‐o‐benzoquinone deteriorates without addition to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate upon heating. The additions of o‐benzoquinones 1c, 1d and 1f to phenylacetylene are also studied. The yields of adducts, α‐diketones, range from 23% to 82%.
The Chemical Constitutents of Nephrolepis Auriculata (L.) Trimen
Authors: Tieh Jien‐Heh J. , Chang Teh‐Chou
Published: June 2015

Fern‐9(11)‐ene, diploptene, β‐sitosterol, β‐sitosteryl palmitate. β‐sitosteryl‐β‐D‐glucoside and cyclolaudenol were isolated from the rhizome of NEPHOLEPIS AURICULATA.
Steady State Approximation on Constant‐Stepsized Computer Simulation
Authors: Lee Wei‐Min , Yeh Chuin‐Tih
Published: June 2015

Constant‐stepsized computer simulation of chemical reactions gives unreasonable results when the accepted stepsize exceeds a limit. The maximum permitted stepsize is found as the lifetime of the most reactive intermediate in the mechanism from mathematical derivations on simple reaction models. Steady state approximation on this reactive intermediate may relieve this limitation and save computer's computation time. This approximation method has been satisfactorily applied to the simulation of the thermal decomposition of methane.
Analytical Application of Deapg as Gravimetric Reagent II, Estimation of Pt(IV)
Authors: Upadhyay R. K. , Tewari A. P.
Published: June 2015

p‐Diethylaminoanil of phenylglyoxal (abbreviated as DEAPG) precipitates Platinum (IV) quantitatively and gives greyish brown complex in the pH range 5.4 to 5.8 by adding slightly more than theoretical quantity of the ligand. It can be used for the gravimetric estimation of Pt(IV) either alone or in the presence of foreign ions.