bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Recommender Model: Integrating Knowledge Graph Information Fusion and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Patel Liam , Chan Ethan , Tremblay Lucien
Published: February 2024

Graphs are versatile for capturing relationships between objects, as seen in social networks, enabling the implementation of algorithms like community discovery and clustering. The growing interest in deep learning within the graph domain has led to the development of various graph neural network algorithms in recent years. These algorithms offer an effective solution to address graph learning challenges by incorporating graph operations into traditional deep learning models and leveraging both graph structure and attribute information to handle the intricacies of graph data. Graph neural network algorithms represent an extension of traditional deep learning methods, like convolution, into the realm of graph data. These algorithms incorporate the concept of data propagation to formulate deep learning approaches specifically designed for graphs. Notably, they have demonstrated success in diverse domains such as social networks, recommendation systems, knowledge graphs, and others. In addressing the aforementioned challenges, this paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a graph neural network. To overcome the lack of temporal information in the recommendation network's neighbor structure, an ordered input-based gated cyclic unit is incorporated for state aggregation and updating. The model leverages the unit's capacity for capturing contextual relationships, thereby enhancing its ability to capture temporal features in the neighbor structure and improve predictions on new datasets. Additionally, the paper places emphasis on the shallow output of the intermediate layer. A multi-headed attention mechanism is employed to integrate information from multiple layers of output, ensuring that the shallow structural features provided by the intermediate layer play a more significant role in the scoring prediction task. This enhancement further refines the application of graph neural networks in recommendation systems.
Protocolos de Indicações dos Mantenedores de Espaço
Authors: Sella Rodrigo Castelazzi , Soares Júlia Mendonça , Cuoghi Osmar Aparecido
Published: February 2024

A Ortodontia atua visando a previsão e interceptação das más oclusões, assim, o uso de aparelhos mantenedores de espaço para prevenção de inúmeras oclusopatias torna-se fundamental. Este trabalho tem por objetivo expor os tipos de mantenedores de espaço, usos e características, de forma didática e ilustrada, para auxiliar o cirurgião dentista na correta indicação e confecção em tempo hábil, de forma a devolver estética, conforto e função ao paciente. Banda-alça é fixo e passivo, indicado para perdas precoces do primeiro ou segundo molares decíduos. Arco lingual de Nance é fixo bilateral, preso a banda nos molares e adaptado ao arco mandibular, indicado para perda uni ou bilaterais de caninos e molares decíduos. Botão de Nance é fio de aço preso às bandas dos molares com acrílico adaptado à região anterior do palato. Barra Transpalatina Fixa é fio de aço soldado nas bandas nos molares superiores. Barra Transpalatina Removível é fio de aço inoxidável em forma de alça que se encaixa nas presilhas palatinas soldadas nas bandas dos molares superiores. Barra Transpalatina Associada ao Botão de Nance é a união das características e indicações de ambos os aparelhos. Posterior funcional é removível bilateral passivo para perdas dentárias posteriores com dentes nos locais de ausência. Posterior não funcional possui as mesmas característica, porém não reestabelece a função mastigatória. Assim, tais aparelhos apresentam inúmeras vantagens, indicações, com um custo-benefício ótimo, fácil confecção e resultados satisfatórios. No entanto, vale ressaltar que para um adequado planejamento, é necessário realizar exames clínico e radiográfico de qualidade.
Distribution of REE between amphibole and pyroxenes in the lithospheric mantle: An assessment from the lattice strain model
Authors: Wang Chunguang , Liang Yan , Xu Wenliang , Sun Chenguang , Shimizu Kei
Published: February 2024

Amphibole and pyroxenes are the main reservoirs of rare earth elements (REEs) in the lithospheric mantle that has been affected by hydrous metasomatism. In this study, we developed semi-empirical models for REE partitioning between orthopyroxene and amphibole and between clinopyroxene and amphibole. These models were formulated on the basis of parameterized lattice strain models of mineral-melt REE partitioning for orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and amphibole, and they were calibrated using major element and REE data of amphibole and pyroxenes in natural mantle samples from intraplate settings. The mineral-melt REE partitioning models suggest that amphibole is not in equilibrium with coexisting pyroxenes in the mantle samples and that the amphibole crystallized at a lower temperature than that of the pyroxenes. We estimated the apparent amphibole crystallization temperature using major element compositions of the amphibole and established temperature- and composition-dependent models that can be used to predict apparent pyroxene-amphibole REE partition coefficients for amphibole-bearing peridotite and pyroxenite from intraplate lithospheric mantle. Apparent pyroxene-amphibole REE partition coefficients predicted by the models can be used to infer REE contents of amphibole from REE contents of coexisting pyroxenes. This is especially useful when the grain size of amphibole is too small for trace element analysis.
Lorenz number and transport properties of Fe: Implications to the thermal conductivity at Earth’s core-mantle boundary
Authors: Yin Yuan , Wang Lin , Zhai Shuangmeng , Liu Yun
Published: February 2024

The electrical resistivity (ρ) and thermal conductivity (κ) of the Earth’s core compositions are essential parameters for constraining the core’s thermal state, the inner core age, and the evolutionary history of the geodynamo. However, controversies persist between experimental and computational results regarding the electronic transport properties (ρ and κ) of the Earth’s core. Iron is the major element in the core, and its transport properties under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions are crucial for understanding the core’s thermal state. We measured the ρ values of solid iron using the four-wire van der Pauw method at 300 K and pressures of 3 to 26 GPa within a multi-anvil press. For comparison, we calculated the ρ and κ values of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) iron at 300–4100 K and 22–136 GPa using the first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) method. Our calculations generally align with prior studies, indicating that the electrical resistivity of solid hcp iron at Earth’s core-mantle boundary (CMB) conditions is ~76–83 μΩ∙cm. The resistivity of hcp iron changes slightly as it melts from solid to liquid at pressures from 98 to 134 GPa. The effects of temperature and pressure on the Lorenz numbers of solid hcp iron were investigated according to our calculation results and previous studies. Under the CMB’s pressure conditions, the κ of hcp iron initially decreases with increasing temperature and subsequently increases. The electron-electron scattering plays a dominant role at low temperatures and causes the decrease in κ. At high temperatures, the increase of electronic specific heat significantly increases the Lorentz number and κ. Overall, we estimate the κ of solid hcp iron at the CMB’s condition to be 114 ± 6 W/m/K, slightly lower than the room temperature value of 129 ± 9 W/m/K at the same pressure. Our model shows that a 0–525 km thickness of a thermally stratified layer may exist beneath the Earth’s CMB, depending on the core’s heat flow and thermal conductivity.
Analysis of unintended open reading frame ORF-130 expression in maize event MZIR098 by LC-MS as part of the allergenicity risk assessment of genetically modified crops
Authors: Birukou Ivan , Bailey Kathryn , Sugar James , McClain Scott , Young Scott
Published: February 2024

Rigorous safety assessments are required for genetically modified (GM) crops to support their use as food or feed.  These assessments include bioinformatics analysis of the amino acid sequences of all potential open reading frames (ORFs) encoded in the exogenous DNA introduced into the plant through genetic modification.  Sequence similarities of potential DNA products to known or potential toxins and allergens trigger subsequent assessments of potential hazards for the consumer or the environment.  The bioinformatic analysis of Syngenta maize event MZIR098 insert DNA revealed a total of 415 ORFs.  One putative ORF (ORF-130) triggered further risk assessment based on its sequence similarities with known allergens, including peanut allergen Ara h 1, wheat glutenin, and others. We examined the potential expression of ORF-130 at a protein level to exclude the possibility of exposure during consumption of MZIR098 maize.  Specifically, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography approach coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, called parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). This measure of expression was quantitative and targeted against the peptides unique to ORF-130.  The linear range of the method was 25-5000 amol ORF-130/µl.  Both, limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of the method, were 12 μg ORF-130 per gram of dry MZIR098 maize leaf.  The method was accurate and specific to ORF-130.  PRM analysis of MZIR098 extracts did not detect putative ORF-130 above the limits of detection/quantitation.  Furthermore, the broad proteomic data dependent acquisition (DDA) analysis of the MZIR098 extracts demonstrated no evidence of ORF-130 corroborating the PRM analysis.  Our results confirm that ORF-130 is not characterized as a functional gene in Syngenta maize event MZIR098 insert DNA and does not express gene products at detectable levels.
Dupilumab in the treatment of severe adopic dermatitis and respiratory allergy: a case report
Authors: Afonina I. A. , Shkodkina S. A.
Published: February 2024

The use of biological targeted therapy for allergic diseases has significantly increased the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and combined allergopathology. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody drug that blocks signaling from IL-4 and IL-13, is one of the options for biological therapy aimed at modifying the Th2 immune response. The article discusses current ideas about the pathogenesis of allergic Th2-dependent inflammation, about the key mechanisms of the formation of atopic dermatosis and its role in inducing the progressive course of atopy. A clinical example of successful treatment of an 8-year-old child with severe atopic dermatitis, moderate partially controlled bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and multisensitization to food and pollen allergens is given. The use of biological targeted therapy with dupilumab made it possible to achieve sustainable remission in the course of atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma. The SCORAD index, which was 66.8 points before dupilumab treatment, decreased to 8.9 points. Immunobiological therapy with an IL-4Rα inhibitor, dupilumab, is indicated for patients with moderate to severe allergic diseases when it is not possible to achieve adequate control with standard treatment methods. The presented clinical case of the use of the drug contributes to the study of the clinical efficacy and safety of dupilumab during its long-term use.
Cough in children: features of diagnosis and choice of therapy
Authors: Malanicheva T. G. , Ziatdinova N. V. , Kuznetsova O. Yu. , Ismagilova D. R.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Cough is the most common symptom of acute respiratory infections, which results from inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Herbal medicines that include an ivy leaf extract preparation are widely used for the treatment of cough.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the ivy leaf extract preparation as a syrup in young children with acute bronchitis. Materials and methods. We observed 44 children with acute bronchitis aged 4 months up to 3 years. The main group included 24 children receiving the ivy leaf extract preparation as part of complex therapy: 2.5 ml once a day for under 1-year children, and 2.5 ml 3 times a day for children aged 1–3 years for 7–10 days. The comparison group included 20 children receiving ambroxol at an age-appropriate dose as part of complex therapy. The complex therapy for bronchitis did not differ in the groups to be compared. Clinical effectiveness was assessed by analysis of the changes in the main symptoms of the disease.

Results and discussion. It was found that the intake of the ivy leaf extract preparation showed high clinical effectiveness in 91.6% of cases, which included rapid relief of the main symptoms of the disease (cough, wheezing in the lungs), a 1.7-fold reduction of the exacerbation period, a 1.8-fold decrease of the cough period. Prescription of systemic antibiotics for children with acute bronchitis was required in 12.5% patients of the treatment group, and in 25% patients of the comparison group. The overall assessment of tolerability of the ivy leaf extract preparation was rated as excellent and good in 95.8% of cases.

Conclusion. Due to high clinical effectiveness and safety of the ivy leaf extract preparation, it can be recommended for common practical use in acute bronchitis children from the first days of life.
Supply of vitamins (A, E, D, C, B6, B12) and mineral substances (ZN, FE, MG, CA, P) for children with recurrent respiratory infections and deficiency correction of their deficiency as a possibility to prevent frequent respiratory infections
Authors: Safina A. I. , Zakirov I. I. , Mansurova G. Sh. , Yusupova N. Z. , Iskandirova V. A.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Recurrent respiratory infections in children are a pressing problem in pediatrics. To maintain and function the immune system in children, their provision of vitamins and minerals is important.

Purpose. To assess the provision of children with recurrent respiratory infections with vitamins (A, E, D, C, B6, B12, folic acid) and minerals (Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca, P) and to correct their deficiency with a vitamin-mineral complex.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 65 children aged 3 to 8 years in 2 groups of children: group 1, children with RID, n = 50; group 2 – control, n = 15). An outpatient examination, a parent survey and a blood test for vitamins (A, E, D, C, B6, B12, folic acid) and minerals (Zn, Fe, Mg, total Ca, Ca++, P) were carried out. 30 children with RID were prescribed the vitamin and mineral complex, 1 tablet 2 times a day, with an assessment of vitamin and mineral sufficiency and the frequency of respiratory infections after the end of the dose.

Results. In all examined children, both in the main and control groups, the most common were deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins D (69%), A (40%), E (35%) and the minerals Zn (70%) and Fe (44%). In children with RID, deficiency of vitamins D, A and Zn was more common than in the control group (p < 0.05), in 96% of cases it was combined, more often in the form of a combined deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins D, A, E and minerals Zn, Fe (66% of cases). Taking vitamin-mineral complex in the 2nd prophylactic dose for 1 month contributed to an improvement in vitamin and mineral sufficiency and a decrease in respiratory morbidity in the next 2 months after stopping the drug.

Conclusion. Vitamin-mineral complex can be successfully used to maintain vitamin and mineral levels and reduce respiratory morbidity in children with recurrent respiratory infections.
Obesity and abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescent girls: is there a relationship?
Authors: Nikitina I. L. , Liskina A. S. , Kelmanson I. A. , Kuptsova P. N.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Obesity is a non-communicable pandemic and a major problem worldwide. As the prevalence of childhood obesity increases, there is growing evidence of an association between obesity and risk factors for menstrual disorders.

Aim. To study the role of obesity treatment in shaping menstrual disorders in adolescent girls.

Materials and methods. Group: with obesity and menstrual cycle disorders. Group 2: obese and regular menstrual cycle. An assessment of anthropometric data, collection of hereditary history, life history, and analysis of data from menstrual cycle diaries were carried out. All girls were given recommendations aimed at reducing body weight, and after 12 months, weight dynamics and the nature of the menstrual cycle were assessed.

Results. An increase in body weight for every 1 kilogram added over 12 months significantly increases the risk of menstrual cycle disorders: the odds ratio is 1.45 (95% CI: 1.11–1.88), p = 0.005. An increase in body mass index by 1 unit over 12 months significantly increases the risk of menstrual cycle disorders: the odds ratio is 1.70 (95% CI: 1.28–2.24), p = 0.001, similarly decreasing with a corresponding decrease in body mass index.

Discussion. The risk of menstrual cycle disorders is associated with a dynamic change in body weight: with an increase in body weight during the year, the chances of menstrual cycle disorders for every 1 kg added increase by 1.45 times, decreasing by the same number of times with a corresponding decrease in weight. With an increase in body mass index for each added unit per year, the chances of menstrual cycle disorders increase by 1.7 times, decreasing by the same number of times with a corresponding decrease in body mass index.

Conclusions. Dynamic changes in body weight can have both a positive and a negative effect on the prognosis of menstrual cycle disorders, which determines the great importance of therapeutic efforts aimed at reducing body weight.
Intestinal microbiota features of children born by cesarean section and its correction
Authors: Dedikova О. V. , Zakharova I.  N. , Kuchina A. E. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Sugian N. G. , Ardatskaya M. D.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Studying the gut microbiota of C-section newborns and its correction is a topical problem at present.

Aim. To study the process of gut microbiota formation in healthy C-section infants, and the option for its correction using a Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM 17938 probiotic.

Materials and methods. A total of 80 healthy newborns were included in the study. Of these, 59 completed the study: the treatment group consisted of 36 elective caesarean (EC)-section infants and the control group was made up of 23 vaginally delivered infants. Newborns of the treatment study group were randomized into subgroups, one of which received the L. reuteri strain DSM 17938 (L subgroup) probiotic, and the second one did not receive it (0 subgroup). During the entire period of the study, infants were exclusively breastfed. The gut microbiota was analysed with the 16S rRNA sequencing method, and the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota was additionally assessed using gas-liquid chromatography.

Results and discussion. The metagenomic analysis showed that the taxonomic richness and biological diversity of the gut microbiota in L subgroup infants increased in time interval 3, which indicated the active effect of the strain on the infant microbiota by Exposure Day 30. The gas-liquid chromatography analysis showed more pronounced changes in short-chain fatty acids in infants of the L subgroup: they were more similar to the findings in the control group (vaginal delivery). Also, bowel problems and allergies occurred less frequently in infants of this subgroup and they less frequently suffered from respiratory diseases during the year. The study showed the association between the mode of delivery and changes in anthropometric measurements.

Conclusion. The use of L. reuteri strain DSM 17938 probiotic had a significant effect on the formation of the microbiota by the 30th day of age. A daily long-term addition of a L. reuteri strain DSM 17938 probiotic can prevent early microbiota dysbiosis and have a protective effect in later age period.
Vitamin D supply, respiratory viral infections and persistent wheezing in children: how significant is the relationship?
Authors: Barycheva L. Yu. , Dolbnya S. V. , Tolkunova A. A. , Klimov L. Ya. , Kuznetsova V. V. , Ponamaryova V. R. , Zakharova I. N.
Published: February 2024

The review discusses the multifaceted effect of vitamin D on antiviral immunity, induction of antimicrobial peptides, functional activity of immunocompetent cells, autophagy processes, clearance of viruses and viral fragments. The relationship between vitamin D and allergic inflammatory cells, its modulating and tolerogenic potential is considered. The inhibitory effect of vitamin D on eosinophils, mast cells, the production of pro-inflammatory and proallergic mediators, and the synthesis of IgE has been shown. The protective role of vitamin D in the development of remodeling and hyperresponsiveness of the respiratory tract has been established by reducing the number of goblet cells, mucus hypersecretion, and the expression of metalloproteinases. The effects of vitamin D on the replication of respiratory viruses and experimental resistance to them through the induction of antimicrobial peptides and other mechanisms have been demonstrated. Data from clinical studies on the preventive effect of vitamin D on the incidence of respiratory infections and episodes of persistent wheezing in children are presented. Children with respiratory syncytial infection and vitamin D deficiency were more likely to require respiratory support and mechanical ventilation. The preventive role of vitamin D in the development of obstructive bronchitis in children and severe bronchiolitis in infants has been shown. It has been established that normal levels of 25(OH)D in the mother significantly reduce the risk of developing bronchial obstruction in the child. Alternative data that do not support a protective effect of vitamin D on respiratory morbidity and wheezing in children are discussed. Further monitoring studies that take into account geographic location and analysis of the dose of cholecalciferol used to assess its preventive role in the development of wheezing and bronchial asthma in children are advisable.
Fatores associados ao parto cesáreo em mulheres acompanhadas na atenção primária
Authors: Da Silva Thayane Leila Gonçalves , Rêgo Adriana  Sousa , Brito Andressa Pestana , Araújo Allanne Pereira , Dos Santos Alexsandro Ferreira , Costa Luciana Cavalcante , Silva Flor de Maria Araújo Mendonça , Barbosa Janaina Maiana Abreu
Published: February 2024

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar as características antropométricas e os fatores associados ao parto cesáreo em mulheres acompanhadas na atenção primária em São Luís – MA. Trata-se de estudo de coorte, realizado com gestantes que realizaram o pré-natal em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) em São Luís – MA e acompanhadas até 42 dias após o parto. A análise estatística foi realizada no Stata® versão 16.0 no qual foi realizado a Regressão de Poisson, e para aceitação das associações investigadas no modelo final, foi adotado o valor de p < 0,05. Das 80 mulheres acompanhadas, 49,37% tiveram parto cesáreo, 5,33% iniciaram a gravidez desnutridas e 41,33% com excesso de peso no final da gestação, 14,47% estavam desnutridas e 46,5% estavam com excesso de peso. Os fatores associados ao parto cesáreo foram gravidez na adolescência (IRR: 2,26; IC: 1,20 - 4,25), nível de escolaridade baixo, sendo este, classificado em analfabetismo / fundamental I  incompleto (IRR: 3,57; IC: 2,61- 4,88), já ter tido ≥ 1 gestações (IRR: 0,53; IC: 0,16-1,72), ter sintomas de ansiedade (IRR: 2,24; IC: 1,20 - 4,19) e hipertensão arterial (IRR: 5,75; IC: 1,18 – 2,81) durante a gravidez, ter iniciado a gravidez com desnutrição (IRR:6,79; IC:1,43-3,22) e ter obesidade no final da gestação (IRR: 2,64; IC: 1,11 - 6,26). É necessário o aprimoramento da assistência nutricional durante as consultas do pré-natal, com o objetivo de prevenir a desnutrição e excesso de peso, minimizando assim as complicações oriundas do estado nutricional.
Biodegradation of the Pyrethroid Pesticide Gamma-Cyhalothrin by Fungi from a Brazilian Cave
Authors: Rigolin Fábio , Leite Carla , Birolli Willian , Porto André , Seleghim Mirna
Published: February 2024

The extensive use of pesticides promoted the need for bioremediation methods, including for pyrethroids. Therefore, biodegradation of gamma-cyhalothrin by fungi from a Brazilian cave known as Gruta do Catão (São Desidério, Bahia, Brazil) was investigated. Experiments were conducted with Aspergillus ustus CBMAI 1894, Talaromyces brunneus CBMAI 1895, and Aspergillus sp. CBMAI 1926 in 2% malt liquid medium with 300 mg L-1 gamma-cyhalothrin (25 °C, 130 rpm, 21 days, pH 7.0). All strains biodegraded this insecticide, and the most efficient biocatalyst was A. ustus CBMAI 1894 with 50% biodegradation, even though reduced mycelial mass was observed in the presence of gamma-cyhalothrin. A three factor Box-Behnken design was carried out. Temperature and pesticide concentration influenced biodegradation, whereas pH was non-significant. In conclusion, cave fungi can be explored for bioremediation, and future studies should focus on understanding the enzymatic apparatus, physiology, and genetics behind these microorganisms, which can present unique properties for biotechnological applications.
Exploring data quality and seasonal variations of N2O in wastewater treatment: a modeling perspective
Authors: Hansen Laura Debel , Stentoft Peter Alexander , Ortiz-Arroyo Daniel , Durdevic Petar
Published: February 2024

In this work, operational data collected from four Danish wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are assessed for quality issues and analyzed to investigate the feasibility of data-driven modeling for control purposes. All plants have permanent N2O sensors installed in the biological reactors, and N2O data are collected on the same terms as other operational data. We present and deploy a six-dimensional data quality assessment to the operational data evaluating (1) relevance, (2) accuracy, (3) completeness, (4) consistency, (5) comparability, and (6) accessibility. To increase the accuracy and completeness of the stored data, it is suggested that future initiatives are taken toward the collection and storing of metadata in WWTPs. Furthermore, seasonal variations and time-varying relationships between N2O, nitrogenous variables, and oxygen are investigated and compared across various case plants and process designs. Results show that the quality of the operational data varies substantially between plants. The investigation of time-varying interrelation between N2O and nitrogenous variables showed no clear pattern within or across different case plants. Furthermore, it is recommended that future research should consider adapting models so that more influence is linked to reliable measurements, contrary to assuming that all variables are of equal quality.
The Functions and Application Prospects of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in
Reproduction
Authors: Mi Xin , Chen Caiyi , Feng Chen , Qin Yingying , Chen Zi-Jiang , Yang Yajuan , Zhao Shidou
Published: February 2024

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is expressed in multiple systems and mediates a variety
of biological activities, such as mitosis, motility, and morphogenesis. A growing number of
studies have revealed the expression patterns and functions of HGF in ovarian and testicular physiology
from the prenatal to the adult stage. HGF regulates folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis by
modulating the functions of theca cells and granulosa cells in the ovary. It also mediates somatic
cell proliferation and steroidogenesis, thereby affecting spermatogenesis in males. In addition to
its physiological effects on the reproductive system, HGF has shown advantages in preclinical
studies over recent years for the treatment of male and female infertility, particularly in women
with premature ovarian insufficiency. This review aims to summarize the pleiotropic functions of
HGF in the reproductive system and to provide prospects for its clinical application.
Uncommon Metachronicity: Breast and Endometrial Carcinomas in a Young Woman with No Familial Cancer History - A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Naina , Palo Seetu , Sinha Aadil , Mangla Mishu
Published: February 2024

Background:

Worldwide, breast and endometrial carcinomas are the two most common
cancers of women, but their coexistence in a woman <40 years of age is a rare event. The risk of developing
a new second primary cancer is higher in cancer survivors compared to those without a history
of cancer. The exact pathogenesis of two different primary malignancies is not clear. Still, the
coexistence of breast and endometrial carcinoma may be due to germline mutations of p53, BRCA 1,
and BRCA 2 genes, environmental, hereditary, and immune-mediated factors.

Case Presentation:

The present case report briefs the finding of a 37-year-old woman who presented
to the Gynecological outpatient department with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding and a solid
irregular lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast and the right axilla. She had a history of
modified radical mastectomy for left breast ductal carcinoma five years back. She was diagnosed as a
case of metachronous endometrial carcinoma (stage IA) with a recurrence of invasive ductal carcinoma
in the right breast with metastasis to the right axillary lymph node.

Conclusion:

The metachronous development of breast and endometrial carcinoma in young women
is relatively rare. In young patients <40 years of age with gynecological or breast carcinoma, a thorough
work-up, including genetic testing and follow-up, should be done for early diagnosis of metachronous
or synchronous primary malignancies of other organs.
MRI-based Texture Analysis in Differentiation of Benign and Malignant
Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Karabay Nuri , Odaman Huseyin , Vahaplar Alper , Kizmazoglu Ceren , Kalemci Orhan
Published: February 2024

Introduction::

The diagnosis and characterization of vertebral compression fractures are very important for clinical management. In this evaluation, which is
usually performed with diagnostic (conventional) imaging, the findings are not always typical or diagnostic. Therefore, it is important to have new
information to support imaging findings. Texture analysis is a method that can evaluate information contained in diagnostic images and is not
visually noticeable. This study aimed to evaluate the magnetic resonance images of cases diagnosed with vertebral compression fractures by the
texture analysis method, compare them with histopathological data, and investigate the effectiveness of this method in the differentiation of benign
and malignant vertebral compression fractures.

Methods::

Fifty-five patients with a total of 56 vertebral compression fractures were included in the study. Magnetic resonance images were examined and
segmented using Local Image Feature Extraction (LIFEx) software, which is an open-source program for texture analysis. The results were
compared with the histopathological diagnosis.

Results::

The application of the Decision Tree algorithm to the dataset yielded impressively accurate predictions (≈95% in accuracy, precision, and recall).

Conclusion::

Interpreting tissue analysis parameters together with conventional magnetic resonance imaging findings can improve the abilities of radiologists,
lead to accurate diagnoses, and prevent unnecessary invasive procedures. Further prospective trials in larger populations are needed to verify the
role and performance of texture analysis in patients with vertebral compression fractures.
Nanocarrier Mediated Molecular Taregting Strategies For iCD4 Receptors to Combat Anti-microbial Resistance
Authors: Singh Dilpreet
Published: February 2024

The emergence and spread of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) pose a grave threat to
global public health. In the pursuit of innovative solutions, targeting the immune cell CD4 receptors
(iCD4) has gained momentum as a potential strategy for combating AMR. This abstract explores drug
delivery strategies aimed at harnessing iCD4 receptors to enhance the efficacy of antimicrobial therapies.
The CD4 receptor, primarily found on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes, plays a pivotal role
in immune responses. Recent research has revealed that iCD4 receptors are also expressed on other
immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, which are integral in the host's defense against
pathogens. Leveraging these receptors as drug targets opens new avenues for the precise delivery of
antimicrobial agents. Various drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, liposomes, and antibody-
drug conjugates, can be engineered to specifically target iCD4 receptors. These carriers offer
improved drug stability, controlled release, and reduced side effects. Furthermore, the functionalization
of these carriers with ligands that bind selectively to iCD4 receptors ensures targeted drug delivery
to infected tissues. In summary, drug delivery strategies that target iCD4 receptors hold immense
promise for combatting AMR. By delivering antimicrobial agents directly to immune cells involved
in the host defense, we can potentially enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce side effects, and mitigate
the emergence of resistance. This approach represents a promising avenue for the development of
innovative treatments to address the urgent global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
Prevalence and Related Factors of Dizziness Among Older Adults: A
Cross-Sectional Study in Ardakan City, Iran
Authors: Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ail , Sharifabad Mahdieh Hosseini , Aboutorabi-zarchi Marzieh
Published: February 2024

Background:

Dizziness and balance disorders are directly related to aging in humans-
Dizziness is one of the most important factors causing the burden of disability after the age of 65.
Bearing in mind the increase in the elderly population in Iran and the world and the prevalence of
dizziness in old age, early diagnosis of dizziness and determination of the factors affecting its
severity facilitate its treatment and are effective in preventing its adverse consequences.

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of dizziness and its related factors among older adults in
Ardakan city, Yazd province, Iran, in 2022.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in four comprehensive health centers of Ardakan
city with the participation of 260 elderly people aged ≥60 years, who were randomly included
in the study. Data were collected using a series of questionnaires which were completed by interviewing
the participants. The variables of this study included demographic information, information
related to the dizziness status, diseases, medications, use of mobility aids, physical activity
level, fear of falling, quality of life and depression.

Results:

The prevalence of dizziness among older adults of Ardakan city was 48.5%. In terms of
the severity of dizziness, 38.8% had substantial dizziness, and 9.6% had mild dizziness. Dizziness
was significantly related to physical activity (p<0.05), fear of falling (p <0.01), depression (p
<0.05), history of falling (p <0.01), use of mobility aids (p <0.01), age (p<0.01), education level
(p<0.01), gender (p <0.05) and diseases such as high blood pressure (p<0.05), hypothyroidism (p
<0.01) and ear diseases(p <0.01). Also, elderly people with dizziness used significantly more medications
such as sedatives (p<0.01), antihypertensive drugs (p <0.05) and cytotoxic drugs (p
<0.01).

Conclusion:

About half of the older adults experience dizziness, and this problem is associated
with depression, fear of falling, history of falling, low physical activity, age, female gender, ear
diseases, high blood pressure, and hypothyroidism. In addition, the use of medications such as anti-
hypertensives, sedatives and cytotoxic drugs is related to dizziness. Families with elderly people,
doctors and healthcare workers need to be educated and pay more attention to the above.
Immunomodulator Drugs in Unani Medicine: Evidence from Preclinical
and Clinical Research
Authors: Hamiduddin  , Shah Sabeena , Itrat Malik , Zaigham  , Ahmed Uzair
Published: February 2024

The immune system is one of our most intricate biological systems, maintaining bodily
homeostasis. Substances that modulate the immune responses are called immunomodulators.
In Unani system of medicine (USM), immunity is referred to as Quwate-Mudafia, which is part
of Quwa and is maintained by Tabiyat. In Unani literature, many single drugs and formulations
have been used for their immunomodulatory effect, apart from other therapeutic properties. Single
Unani drugs with established immunomodulatory activity are Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia),
Sibr (Aloe vera), Asgandh (Withania somnifera), Aamla (Emblica officinalis) etc. Compound
formulations are Jawarish Amla sada, Iksir-e-badan, etc. We are living in the age of evermutating
influenza viruses giving challenges to mankind (such as the recently prevailed SARSCoV-
2 pandemic); many Unani medicinal plants are still unexplored and need to be evaluated
for their immunomodulatory property, which can act as substitutes for conventional drugs. To
compile Unani immunomodulatory drugs under one heading, important critical texts of traditional
Unani medicine, indexed peer-reviewed journals, and authentic literature from online
sources were reviewed along with their reported in vivo/in vitro activities and clinical trials.
Unani drugs explored in this review are time-tested remedies and can be utilized in these rapidly
changing immunological challenges.
Spectrometric Characterization of Moroccan Architectural Glazed Tiles
Authors: EL AMRAOUI Mohamed
Published: February 2024

Abstract The present work relates to a multi-analytic characterization of glazed tiles consisting of green monochrome glazed ceramics used in Moroccan architecture to protect ceilings, walls and roofs from rainwater. These tiles originate from five sites and date back to different historical periods: Bou-Inania Madrasa in Meknes (14th century), Prison of Qara in Meknes (18th century), Dar El-Beida Palace in Meknes (18th century) and Al-Hibous Cemetery of Mdaghra in Errachidia (19th century). Different analysis techniques were used in view to go back to the ancient technological processes adopted (materials, coloring pigments, firing temperatures, etc..). Optical absorption spectrometry revealed two different types of chromogenic ions in green glazes, chromium Cr3+ in the case of the tiles from Dar El-Beida Palace and Prison of Qara, and copper Cu2+ in the case of the tiles from Bou-Inania Madrasa and Al-Hibous Cemetery. Raman microspectroscopy identified different coloring phases with two types of green glazes, escolaite (Cr2O3) in the case of the glazes of the Prison of Qara and copper phthalocyanine mixed with a chromium-based pigment in the case of the glazes of the Dar El-Beida Palace. However, the origin of the green color in the glazes from Bou-Inania Medersa in Meknes and Al-Hibous cemetery of Errachidia may be due to the dissolution of copper in the vitreous glazes. X-ray diffraction, supported by Raman microspectrometry, revealed the mineralogical compositions of the terracotta tiles. Quartz and calcite are the main phases, while hematite and "high temperature" phases (anorthite, gehlenite and diopside) appear as minority ones. These identified phases permit to estimate the firing temperature of the tiles at around 950 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere. The chromatic coordinates of all glazes, represented in the Lab CIE color space, made it possible to discriminate objectively all green colors. The present investigation of glazes from different historical sites allowed the exploration of the coloring materials, revealed differences in the adopted technological protocols and permitted the establishment of a color reference database to follow glazes degradation and to help while replacing missing or degraded tile pieces.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Goulmima’s Earth Bricks
Authors: LECHHEB Mahdi
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Earthen constructions are prevalent in the Drâa-Tafilalet region of Morocco, yet there is a notable absence of comprehensive studies on the mud bricks used in these structures. This research endeavors to characterize a quarry utilized by Goulmima residents for mud brick production. Various techniques, including physico-chemical analysis (XRD, IR, FX, etc.), microscopic examination (SEM), and geotechnical assessments (Atterberg limits, grain size, etc.), were employed to analyze samples from the site. The bricks, formed at different firing temperatures, were blended with naturally crushed date palm seeds. The chemical composition, firing temperatures, and organic matter percentage directly influence mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. Material compressive strength exhibited a proportional increase with rising firing temperatures, peaking at 850°C. Conversely, elevating the percentage of crushed palm seed had an adverse impact on mechanical strength.
Improving Thermal Insulation and Mechanical Properties of Building Bricks made from Moroccan Clay
Authors: CHRACHMY Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Abstract. This study aims to improve the thermal of insulation properties of fired bricks based on clay from the Drâa-Tafilalet region (Es-sifa), using coffee waste without losing mechanical properties. Samples were produced on a laboratory scale by shaping, similar to a feasible industrial production technique. The raw material was first characterized using various analytical techniques such as XRD and TGA/DTA. Secondly, we optimized the main parameters affecting the properties of the bricks, such as particle size, aging time, drying time, final sintering temperature and the percentage of agent porosity. These parameters are assessed by mechanical strength and porosity tests. Examination of results the optimization following results: the particle size is less than 180 µm, the aging time and the drying time are three and four days respectively, while the sintering temperature is 1050 °C and the percentage of coffee waste used as a porosity agent is 4%. Introducing coffee waste to the brick reduces weight and improves thermal and acoustic properties by creating pores during firing. These results are very promising for exploiting these materials as base materials in the manufacture of building bricks with important properties.
Experimental Study of the Reinforcement of Unstabilized and Stabilized Local Clay Materials with Date Palm Fibers
Authors: KHRISSI Youssef
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The aim of this study is to experimentally test the stabilization of unexploited clay from the Errachidia region (south-east Morocco) with date palm spathes, with a view to its potential use in construction. The main objective of the present work is to evaluate the thermophysical and mechanical behavior of fiber-stabilized clay blocks. Several samples of spathe-reinforced clay at six different grades (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) were prepared and tested. Thermal characterization was carried out using the PHYWE House thermal insulation method to determine thermal conductivity and resistance. Mechanical performance was measured in terms of compressive and flexural strength. In addition, the chemical identification of Errachidia clay was studied using the X-ray fluorescence method. The results of the clay identification showed that Errachidia clay meets the minimum requirements for the manufacture of compressed earth bricks and adobe. The results of the thermophysical tests showed that the addition of date palm spathes had a positive influence on the lightness and thermophysical properties of the clay samples stabilized by the spathes. In terms of mechanical test results, the flexural and compressive strengths of clay blocks stabilized with date palm fibers continue to increase up to a fiber content of 3%. After this content, mechanical performance decreases with the addition of spathes and no improvement is detected. Consequently, a fiber content of 3% represents the optimum content for stabilizing Errachidia clay. At this content, stabilized clay blocks show optimal mechanical performance and improved thermal properties compared to reference samples. However, increasing the percentage of fiber mass leads to an increase in water absorption and a decrease in density. Clay compounds reinforced with date palm spathe can be considered as environmentally friendly building materials.
Evaluation of the Zipper System in Efforts to Increase Women’s Representation to 30 Percent in Parliament
Authors: Monati Rahmatika , Oktavia Enika Maya , Sa’dillah Sizil Azzahra
Published: February 2024

The low representation of women in parliament is a global problem, especially in Indonesia. The status quo shows that the role and representation of women in parliament is still very low, which has implications for legislation products that are not inclusive. Women are vital in legislation, especially in micro-policy aspirations related to welfare, education, equality, and household issues. The affirmation policy with a minimum female candidacy quota of 30 percent in Indonesia is implemented through the zipper system. However, unfortunately, it is still ineffective because women's representation is still very low. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to analyze the inequality of women's representation in the Indonesian parliament. The data used secondary data, which has been collected and processed by other parties. The result of this study is an evaluation of the zipper system, which is still ineffective because it depends on the placement of candidate sequence numbers and political party awareness. The placement of women in number 1 is only 19 percent, while in number three, it reaches 67 percent, and in number 6, 65 percent. It has a big impact on the probability of low electability. With women's representation, women's voices can be heard and fought for in government, thus realizing an equal and inclusive government. Revamping the zipper system by requiring the placement of female candidates at number 1 is an effective solution to increase women's representation in parliament in line with descriptive representation theory, which emphasizes the importance of proportional representation from various groups of society in government.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Biodiesel Bagi Pemuda Di Desa Oeolo Provinsi NTT
Authors: Presson Jefry , Agu Yakobus P.E.S , Tea Marselina T.D. , Pardosi Lukas , Neonbeni Eduardus Yosef , Adu Risna Erni Yati , Kolo Maria Magdalena , Dethan Nugraha Kristiano Floresda
Published: February 2024

Minyak Feun Kase merupakan bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel yang efektif karena tidak bersaing dengan sektor pangan. Walaupun tanaman Feun Kase banyak tersebar di Desa Oeolo, masyarakat setempat tidak mengetahui potensi dari tanaman ini. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pelatihan pembuatan biodiesel ini penting dilakukan dengan tujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat muda mengenai potensi Feun Kase sebagai biodiesel, dan meningkatkan minat terhadap disiplin ilmu berbasis teknologi. Dengan demikian, kerja keras Pemerintah Indonesia dan para peneliti dapat berjalan lancar karena didukung oleh masyarakat yang memiliki pengetahuan dan ketrampilan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam 6 urutan dari persiapan material sampai survei akhir dengan metode yang bervariasi seperti ceramah, kuesioner, dan pendampingan. Peserta kegiatan ini adalah anak – anak muda Desa Oeolo dengan rentang umur 20 – 30 tahun. Melalui survei menggunakan kuesioner, terlihat bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta dari nilai 25 (sebelum pelatihan) menjadi 83 (sesudah pelatihan). Dari hasil survei, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan ini berdampak pada peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 233%.