bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Középiskolai koffeinfogyasztási szokások
Authors: Bornemisza Ágnes , Csővári Melinda , Varga Bernadett
Published: July 2021

Összefoglaló: Háttér: Az utóbbi évtizedben a fiatalok körében egyre jobban elterjedőben van a magas koffeintartalmú italok fogyasztása. A középiskolás korosztály gyakran nincs tudatában kockázatkereső magatartásának veszélyeivel, ezt állíthatjuk a koffeintartalmú italok fogyasztása terén is. Jelen kutatás céljaként felmérésre kerültek a különböző iskolatí-pusba járó diákok közötti eltérő koffein- és energiaitalfogyasztási szokások. Módszertan: A kutatás módszere saját szerkesztésű, önkitöltős kérdőív, melyben szocio-demográfiai adatok, koffeintartalmú italok fogyasztására vonatkozó adatok, e termékek-kel kapcsolatos vásárlási szokások és életmódot érintő kérdések voltak. Az adatok feldolgozása leíró statisztikai elemzés mellett Khi-négyzet próba segítségével történt. Eredmények: A megkérdezett 180 diák átlagéletkora 18,2 év, a lányok aránya 61% volt. A válaszoló szakközépiskolában tanuló diákok nagyobb arányban és gyakrabban fogyasz-tottak energiaitalt, és szívesebben próbálták ki az újonnan megjelenő, különböző márkájú energiaitalokat, mint a gimnáziumi tanulók. A kisebb településen élő válasz-adókra jellemző volt a túlzott energiaital-bevitel, és kevésbé tartották fontosnak a koffeines termék élénkítő hatását, ehelyett náluk inkább az íz dominált. A válaszoló vá-rosi diákok nagyobb arányban tartották kedvenc italnak a kávét, mint a faluból, község-ből jött társaik. A lányok között sokkal közkedveltebb ital volt a kávé, mint a fiúknál. A kérdőívet kitöltött lányokra jellemzőbb volt, hogy állításuk szerint gyorsabban elfárad-nak, ha nem isznak koffeines terméket. Következtetések: Szükséges lenne már gyermekkorban elkezdeni az egészséges élet-módra nevelést, hiszen a kutatásból kitűnik, hogy a fiatalok nincsenek tudatában a koffeintartalmú élvezeti cikkek egészségre káros hatásaival.
Congenital limb defects in a married female population of the Rahim Yar Khan District in Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Hafiza Fizzah , Malik Sajid
Published: July 2021

Background

Congenital limb defects (CLD) have a range of phenotypes and can be a substantial cause of disability. The prevalence of CLD in the adult population of Pakistan is not well described.

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of CLD and their associated factors in a married female population of the Rahim Yar Khan (RYK) District in Pakistan.

Methods

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 4 tehsils of RYK District, and married women and girls from 22 different localities were enrolled by convenience sampling in public places and through door-to-door visits. Data regarding limb phenotype and demographic variables were obtained from participants.

Results

We enrolled 2,204 married women and girls. We found 11 participants with CLD suggesting a prevalence of 4.99/1,000 (proportion: 0.005; 95% confidence interval [CI] <0.001–0.01). Polydactyly was the most frequent (n = 5; prevalence: 2.27/1,000), followed by others in the following sequence: brachydactyly (n = 4; prevalence: 1.81/1,000), camptodactyly (n = 1; prevalence: 0.45/1,000), and oligodactyly (n = 1; prevalence: 0.45/1,000). The odds of occurrence of CLD were higher in individuals originating from Khanpur tehsil (odds ratio [OR] 2.05; 95% CI 0.37–11.27), speaking languages other than Punjabi and Saraiki (OR 2.35; 95% CI 0.24–22.80), belonging to Araien caste (OR 2.35; 95% CI: 0.24–22.80), of a nuclear family (OR 3.35; 95% CI 0.79–16.97), or having parental consanguinity (OR 1.87; 95% CI 0.49–7.06).

Conclusion

Preliminary estimate of CLD prevalence in the married female sample population in RYK appears high compared with estimates from birth defects registries in other countries.
Self dual, reversible and complementary duals constacyclic codes over finite local Frobenius non-chain rings of length 5 and nilpotency index 4.
Authors: Castillo-Guillén C. A. , Álvarez-García C.
Published: July 2021

Over finite local Frobenius non-chain rings of length 5 and nilpotency index 4 and when the length of the code is relatively prime to the characteristic of the residue field of the ring, the structure of the dual of γ-constacyclic codes is established and the algebraic characterization of self-dual, reversible γ-constacyclic codes and γ-constacyclic codes with complementary dual are given.
Notes on the zero-divisor graph and annihilating-ideal graph of a reduced ring
Authors: Badie Mehdi
Published: July 2021

We translate some graph properties of 𝔸𝔾(R) and Γ(R) to some topological properties of Zariski topology. We prove that the facts “(1) The zero ideal of R is an anti fixed-place ideal. (2) Min(R) does not have any isolated point. (3) Rad(𝔸𝔾 (R)) = 3. (4) Rad(Γ(R)) = 3. (5) Γ(R) is triangulated (6) 𝔸𝔾 (R) is triangulated.” are equivalent. Also, we show that if the zero ideal of a ring R is a fixed-place ideal, then dt
t
(𝔸𝔾 (R)) = |ℬ(R)| and also if in addition |Min(R)| > 2, then dt(𝔸𝔾 (R)) = |ℬ (R)|. Finally, it is shown that dt(𝔸𝔾 (R)) is finite if and only if dt
t
(𝔸𝔾 (R)) is finite if and only if Min(R) is finite.
Two Points Taylor’s Type Representations for Analytic Complex Functions with Integral Remainders
Authors: Dragomir Silvestru Sever
Published: July 2021

In this paper we establish some two point weighted Taylor’s expansions for analytic functions f : D ⊆ ℂ→ ℂ defined on a convex domain D. Some error bounds for these expansions are also provided. Examples for the complex logarithm and the complex exponential are also given.
Numerical solution of two-dimensional nonlinear fractional order reaction-advection-diffusion equation by using collocation method
Authors: Singh Manpal , Das S. , Rajeev  , Craciun E-M.
Published: July 2021

In this article, two-dimensional nonlinear and multi-term time fractional diffusion equations are solved numerically by collocation method, which is used with the help of Lucas operational matrix. In the proposed method solutions of the problems are expressed in terms of Lucas polynomial as basis function. To determine the unknowns, the residual, initial and boundary conditions are collocated at the chosen points, which produce a system of nonlinear algebraic equations those have been solved numerically. The concerned method provides the highly accurate numerical solution. The accuracy of the approximate solution of the problem can be increased by expanding the terms of the polynomial. The accuracy and efficiency of the concerned method have been authenticated through the error analyses with some existing problems whose solutions are already known.
Lp
-dual three mixed quermassintegrals
Authors: Zhao Chang-Jian , Bencze Mihály
Published: July 2021

In the paper, the concept of Lp
-dual three-mixed quermassintegrals is introduced. The formula for the Lp
-dual three-mixed quermassintegrals with respect to the p-radial addition is proved. Inequalities of Lp
-Minkowski, and Brunn-Minkowski type for the Lp
-dual three-mixed quermassintegrals are established. The new Lp
-Minkowski inequality is obtained that generalize a family of Minkowski type inequalities. The Lp
-Brunn-Minkowski inequality is used to obtain a series of Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities.
Estimating the fractional chromatic number of a graph
Authors: Szabó Sándor
Published: July 2021

The fractional chromatic number of a graph is defined as the optimum of a rather unwieldy linear program. (Setting up the program requires generating all independent sets of the given graph.) Using combinatorial arguments we construct a more manageable linear program whose optimum value provides an upper estimate for the fractional chromatic number. In order to assess the feasibility of the proposal and in order to check the accuracy of the estimates we carry out numerical experiments.
Susceptibility in vitro of clinical Candida albicans isolates to the selected azoles
Authors: Pawlicki Bartlomiej , Biernasiuk Anna , Jonczyk Monika , Malm Anna
Published: July 2021

Candida spp. is the most prevalent cause of fungal infection worldwide, and their increasing resistance to anti-fungal agents, especially to azoles, has become problematic. The aim of this work was to establish the susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole of 50 clinical C. albicans isolates from hematooncological patients. This has been evaluated using the following parameters: MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MIC50 (MIC required to inhibit the growth of 50% of organisms), as well as MIC90 (MIC required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms). Susceptibility of the studied clinical isolates to all azoles was high, being 86% for itraconazole, 90% for fluconazole and posaconazole and 92% for voriconazole. The resistance rates ranged from 8% (voriconazole), to 12% (itraconazole). The emergence of azole-resistant yeast strains creates a necessity to determine and monitor the sensitivity of the isolated Candida spp., including C. albicans, especially in patients predisposed to life-threating fungal invasive disease.
Monitoring the extent and impacts of watershed urban development in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya, using a combination of population dynamics, remote sensing and GIS techniques
Authors: Onyango Dancan O. , Ikporukpo Christopher O. , Taiwo John O. , Opiyo Stephen B.
Published: July 2021

Several urban centres of different sizes have developed over time, and continue to grow, within the basin of Lake Victoria. Uncontrolled urban development, especially along the lake shore, puts environmental pressure on Lake Victoria and its local ecosystem. This study sought to monitor the extent and impacts of urban development (as measured by population growth and built-up land use/land cover) in the Lake Victoria basin, Kenya, between 1978 and 2018. Remote sensing and GIS-based land use/land cover classification was conducted to extract change in built-up areas from Landsat 3, 4, 5 and 8 satellite imagery obtained for the month of January at intervals of ten years. Change in population distribution and density was analysed based on decadal census data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics between 1979 and 2019. A statistical regression model was then estimated to relate population growth to built-up area expansion. Results indicate that the basin’s built-up area has expanded by 97% between 1978 and 2018 while the population increased by 140% between 1979 and 2019. Urban development was attributed to the rapidly increasing population in the area as seen in a positive statistical correlation (R2=0.5744) between increase in built-up area and population growth. The resulting environmental pressure on the local ecosystem has been documented mainly in terms of degradation of lake water quality, eutrophication and aquatic biodiversity loss. The study recommends the enactment and implementation of appropriate eco-sensitive local legislation and policies for sustainable urban and rural land use planning in the area. This should aim to control and regulate urban expansion especially in the immediate shoreline areas of the lake and associated riparian zones.
The disappearance of inland dunes landscape – a case study from southern Poland
Authors: Dulias Renata
Published: July 2021

The paper presents changes in the landscape of inland dunes in one of the basins in the eastern part of Silesian Upland. Based on the analysis of archival maps and historical sources, the former dune landscape of Dąbrowa Basin was reconstructed. The current state of its preservation was determined based on contemporary cartographic materials and field research. It was established that the dunes occur on the floodplain, under-slope flattening, and cuesta escarpment (Ząbkowice Hummock)). The source of aeolian sands was fluvioglacial and alluvial deposits, which, as a result of aeolian transport, were moved to higher and higher morphological levels and stabilized on a substrate of different lithology and age. The impermeability of the bedrock – tills, clays, mudstones, siltstones had a significant influence on the dune landscape. It resulted in the presence of wetlands and peat bogs in the vicinity of most dunes. Consequently, the landscape of the valley was distinguished by a lot of contrast in terms of vegetation - dry pine forests or grassy areas on the dunes and moisture-loving vegetation in their surroundings. However, this landscape was under strong human pressure. Most of the dunes (3/4) have been destroyed in the last hundred years due to sand mining and industrial and residential construction. One of the largest dune fields in the Przemsza River basin and most floodplain and under-slope flattening dunes were utterly destroyed. In addition, an interesting dune at Triassic clays was almost fully exploited, and a rare case on the Silesian Upland where a dune entered the Triassic limestones was partially covered with concrete. There are only 25 dunes in the study area - they deserve protection both as the last fragments of the inland dunes landscape in this part of the Silesian Upland and for historical and natural reasons.
Optimisation of the rational proportion of intelligent technologies application in service organisations
Authors: Ivaschenko Anton , Diyazitdinova Alfiya R. , Nikiforova Tatiyana
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: The growing role and involvement of Artificial Intelligence in modern digital enterprises leads to a considerable reduction of personnel and reorientation of the remaining staff to new responsibilities. However, in many areas like services and support the total elimination of the employed human resources still remains impossible. It is proposed to study the organisational problem of finding the optimal proportion of computer agents and human actors in the mixed collaborative environment.

Methods: Using the technology of semantic and statistical analysis, we developed an original model of computer agents’ and human actors’ cooperative interaction and an optimization method, which is novel in considering the focus of the executors while calculating the compliance indicators.

Results: The problem was studied by an example of service desk automation. Considering the semantics of the problem domain in the form of ontology introduces the logic for better distribution and automation of tasks.

Conclusion: In a modern digital enterprise there exists and can be estimated a rational balance between the computer agents and human actors, which becomes a significant indicator of its performance. In general, human actors are preferable for processing unpredictable events in real time, while agents are better at the modelling and simulation.
Mathematical Model of a Tonal Rail Chain without Insulating Joints with Current Receiver in Shunt Mode
Authors: Aliev Ravshan M.
Published: July 2021

One of the drawbacks of the currently used tonal rail chains without insulating joints is that when the train approaches the controlled section, the train begins to shunt this section at some distance before entry on him. In connection with the traffic light moves on this distance. But being that this distance depends on many variables, it constantly changes these variables. For eliminate this drawback, instead of the traditional potential receiver it is proposed to use electric current track receiver, which has a clear boundary fixation entry of train on the controlled section. By now developed and used methods for determining the main analytical expressions for analysis and synthesis tonal rail circuits with potential receivers in various operating modes, and the theoretical issues of tonal rail chains with current receivers were practically not considered, in this connection, the article considers the development of mathematical models for determining the absolute shunt sensitivity of tonal rail chains without isolating joints with current receivers and methods for calculating determination of the critical location of the minimum shunt sensitivity.

The obtained expressions differ significantly from the known equations of absolute shunt sensitivity and the critical location of the minimum value of the shunt sensitivity and will allow to spend analyzing, synthesis and design of tonal rail chains without isolating joints with current receivers, that will allow to increase the safety of train traffic.
Data Sources Analysis for Sustainable Trip Planner Development for Riga City
Authors: Dinko Alise , Jackiva Irina Yatskiv , Budiloviča Evelina Budilovich
Published: July 2021

In today’s daily traveller world, not only the time and money became important, but climate change and pandemic raised the importance of safety and sustainability of future trip plans. In order to provide such a wide coverage for a variety of important information, a sustainable trip planner needs to receive a lot of data from a variety of differentiated data sources. Provided review of related works shows that a lot of started activities in this aspects gives all of us promises and hope that available Big Data sources will be wisely used in order to bring added value not only to individual travellers, but also society, the transportation services will become better structured and information will be easily available for smart and safe decision making, that gradually will increase life quality.

The study’s main goal is analysis of open data sources for the trip planner development. Authors analysed availability of data for Riga transport system and data usage for sustainable trip planner.
Pengaruh Penambahan Bubuk Jahe Emprit (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) Terhadap Karakteristik Teh Celup Herbal Daun Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.)
Authors: Widiyana I Gede , Yusa Ni Made , Sugitha I Made
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of emprit ginger powder and the right addition to getting the best ciplukan leaf herbal characteristics. The design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design with the treatment of the addition of emprit ginger powder consisting of 5 levels, namely 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. This study was repeated three times to obtain 15 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and if the treatment had a significant effect it was followed by Duncan's Multiple Range (DMRT) test. The results showed that ciplukan leaf herbal tea with the addition of 20% emprit ginger powder was the best treatment with the criteria of water content value of 7.84%, total phenol 1.18 mgGAE/g, total flavonoid 0.56 mgQE/g, antioxidant activity 58.02%, IC50 812.96 ppm, yellowish-brown color, somewhat distinctive flavor of ciplukan tea leaves and somewhat dislike, rather bitter taste, and overall rather dislike reception.
Pengaruh Metode Pengolahan Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Karakteristik Teh Herbal Bubuk Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Delile)
Authors: Dinda Putri Karina , Ari Yusasrini Ni Luh , Nocianitri Komang Ayu
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of processing methods on antioxidant activity and characteristics of African leaf herbal tea and find out the right processing method to get the highest antioxidant activity and the best characteristics. The Completely Randomized Design was used in this study with treatment methods which consisted of 4 levels, namely Method A (steam blanching and drying), Method B (withering and pan firing) Method C (withering and Drying) and Method D (steam blanching and pan firing). This study was repeated 4 times to obtain 16 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and if the treatment had a significant effect it was followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The parameters tested in this study include water content, ash content, total phenols, total flavonoids, color, antioxidant activity and sensory characteristics. The results showed that the methods of processing herbal tea powder of African leaves has a highly significant effect on water content, total phenol, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, color, and sensory tests of color, taste, flavor and have a significant effect on overall reception and have no significant effect on ash content. Herbal tea powder of African leaves processed by method steaming and drying was the best treatment with a moisture content of 6.41%, ash content of 5.27%, total phenol of 2.4169 mgGAE/g, total flavonoids 2, 6563 mgQE/g, antioxidant activity 67.28%, color (L, a, b = 4.86; -49.07; 34.71), light green color, very distinctive aroma of African tea leaves, very bitter taste, and overall reception likes.
Identifikasi Sakarin, Siklamat, dan Natrium Benzoat Serta Karakteristik Susu Kedelai yang Dijual di Pasar Tradisional Wilayah Jimbaran, Bali Selama Penyimpanan
Authors: Olivea Herman Novelita , Ari Yusasrini Ni Luh , Kencana Putra I Nengah
Published: July 2021

This study aims to identify saccharin, cyclamate, and sodium benzoate in soy milk circulating in traditional markets in the Jimbaran region, determine the percentage of soy milk samples in traditional markets in the Jimbaran region that contain saccharin, cyclamate, and sodium benzoate, and determine the characteristic of milk soybeans in the traditional markets of the Jimbaran region, Bali during storage. This study uses a survey method with saturation sampling technique. Saccharin, cyclamate and sodium benzoate were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively while the characteristic of soy milk were observed included pH, total plate count, and sensory assessment. Saccharin, cyclamate, sodium benzoate, pH, total plate count, and sensory assessment were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results showed that soy milk in traditional markets in the Jimbaran region did not contain saccharin, 80% used cyclamate, 100% used sodium benzoate, and characteristics of soy milk in traditional markets in Jimbaran, Bali during 8 hours storage has pH between 6.8 to 8.34, as much as 70% of soy milk has total plate count less than 106 CFU/ml, and it is still well consuming because the color has the like criteria, aroma and flavor has the neutral criteria and very not acidic.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF SERIAL CARD MEDIA IN IMPROVING SEXUAL KNOWLEDGE AMONG PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 36 GUNUNG SARIK STUDENTS
Authors: Hidayat Ahmad
Published: July 2021

The high rate of violence, abuse and sexual perversion among children in Indonesia is increasingly worrying. Sexual education has not yet been included in the academic curriculum in elementary or high schools in Indonesia. Sexual education is still thematic and conducted when meeting the right moment that is not planned. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge about sexual problem prevention behavior for children using serial card education media. This is a quasi-experimental study to increase the sexual knowledge among respondents by using serial card as education media. Study was conducted in October 2020 to 53 students of 6th grade (11-13 years old) of SDN 36 Gunung Sarik that chosen with purposive sampling. The paired data hypothesis analysis (paired t-test) results obtained from the pre-test and post-test for students showed that sexual education using serial card media was effective in increasing students' knowledge of preventive behavior from various risks of violence, harassment, and sexual perversion.Â
Analysis and improvement attempt of prof. Alan Fowler's negotiation game
Authors: Golik Jakub Jan
Published: July 2021

The main goal of the following article is to design an improved version of the negotiation game created by prof. Alan Fowler (Fowler, 1997). I have tried to achieve this by constructing four separate versions of the game which represent different approaches while preserving rules, chosen basic technical assumptions and the simplicity of the base game. Each version of the game is supposed to i.a. make it less obvious, create new negotiation possibilities (including potential cooperation), widen the course of action, make the game more enjoyable for the players and implement elementary mathematical foundation to the game's root (with regard to Game Theory).

Firstly, the article presents the description and the analysis of the base game. Afterwards, the four versions are presented with the follow-up summary and recommendations. Additionally, the article is supported by interactive Excel spreadsheet which enables the reader to have a more detailed view into the analysis and to carry out their own. Since the game has not been created as a mathematical exercise, the strictly mathematical notions are very limited and simplified to make the article reader-friendly for wider audience.
Application of Banach contraction principle to approximate the golden number
Authors: Barcz Eugeniusz
Published: July 2021

This work is devoted to the application of selected fixed point theorems in the problems of convergence of certain sequences to the golden number. It contains the theorem about the fixed point of so-called ψ-contraction specified on the closed interval  and the local version of Banach Contraction Principle as a conclusion. It will also be used to approximate the golden number.
Decoding Book II of the Elements
Authors: Błaszczyk Piotr , Mrówka Kazimierz , Petiurenko Anna
Published: July 2021

The paper is a commentary to the Polish translation of the Elements Book II, included in this volume.We focus on relations between figures represented and not represented on diagrams and identify rules which enableEuclid to bridge these two kinds of objects. Also, we argue that the main mathematical problem addressed in Book II is constructing a leg of a rightangled triangle, given its hypotenuse and the other leg. In proposition II.14,Euclid solves it through the construction called the geometric mean. We trace the problem in Book III and beyond the Elements: in Heron’s Metrica, Descartes’ La Géométrie, and modern foundations of mathematics. We showthat Descartes, by novel interpretation of the Pythagorean theorem, provides a modern solution to this problem.
How to solve third degree equations without moving to complex numbers
Authors: Dawidowicz Antoni Leon
Published: July 2021

During the Renaissance, the theory of algebraic equations developed in Europe. It is about finding a solution to the equation of the formanxn + . . . + a1x + a0 = 0,represented by coefficients subject to algebraic operations and roots of any degree. In the 16th century, algorithms for the third and fourth-degree equations appeared. Only in the nineteenth century, a similar algorithm for thehigher degree was proved impossible. In (Cardano, 1545) described an algorithm for solving third-degree equations. In the current version of this algorithm, one has to take roots of complex numbers that even Cardano didnot know.This work proposes an algorithm for solving third-degree algebraic equations using only algebraic operations on real numbers and elementary functions taught at High School.
Jak szukać i nie pogubić się w gąszczu przepisów? Problematyka prawna poszukiwań genealogicznych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kluczewska Aleksandra
Published: July 2021

For a genealogist, each birth, baptism, marriage and death certificate is a valuable source of research. It turns out, however, that genealogists in their work encounter obstacles related to the restriction of access to these sources. This “brake” is legal regulations that can effectively discourage a genealogist from continuing their research. The aim of this article is to present the legal issues of genealogical research, especially in terms of the practice of applying the law and emerging problems in jurisprudence. In her article, the author presented the currently existing legal regulations, which in some cases may hinder genealogists from accessing searches, including legal problems related to the EU Regulation on the Protection of Personal Data (GDPR) in force since May 2018. The article also presents the problem of access to genealogical research from its practical side, recalling the decisions of Provincial Administrative Courts and the Supreme Administrative Court.
Archiwa kościelne – instrukcja obsługi dla genealogów na przykładzie Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Poznaniu
Authors:   Instytut Pamięci Narodowej Oddział w Poznaniu, Napierała Joanna
Published: July 2021

The article deals with one of the most controversial and discussed topics on genealogical forums, which are the principles of the functioning of church archives and access to their records. The text aims to introduce the reader to the functioning of these archives based on the legal basis and the model of operation introduced in the Archdiocese Archives in Poznań. In addition, it is to help understand the specifics of church archives, show the differences between such institutions and state archives, and facilitate navigation through the resource and record books. For this purpose, the structure and history of the Archive resource was presented. The article also discusses in detail the changes that took place in the entries of record books from the 16th to the 20th century in the area of the Archdiocese of Poznań and Gniezno.
Recognition of Human Facial Expressions Using DCT-DWT and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Alaluosi Wasan. Maddah
Published: July 2021

Facial expressions are a term that expresses a group of movements of the facial fore muscles that is related to one's own human emotions. Human–computer interaction (HCI) has been considered as one of the most attractive and fastest-growing ﬁelds. Adding emotional expression’s recognition to expect the users’ feelings and emotional state can drastically improves HCI. This paper aims to demonstrate the three most important facial expressions (happiness, sadness, and surprise). It contains three stages; first, the preprocessing stage was performed to enhance the facial images. Second, the feature extraction stage depended on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) methods. Third, the recognition stage was applied using an artificial neural network, known as Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), on database images from Cohen-Kanade. The method was shown to be very efficient, where the total rate of recognition of the three facial expressions was 92.9%.
Bacterial adhesion of palatine tonsils epithelial cells in infectious mononucleosis
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Nadraga A.B. , Lutsyk O.D. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Klymenko Kh.P. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Khomyn O.Ya.
Published: July 2021

Aim. To evaluate the features of pharynx tonsils mucous membrane colonization by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms using electron microscopic examination of pharynx palatine tonsils epithelium in patients with infectious mononucleosis and acute streptococcal tonsillitis. Materials and Methods. Two patients, i.e. a patient P. (12 years old) with a confirmed diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, and patient A. (8 years old) with acute streptococcal tonsillitis diagnosis were examined. A bacteriological examination of mucus and epithelium scraping from the surface of the pharyngeal tonsils was conducted. Tissue samples were examined in the electron microscopy laboratory of the Lviv National University. Results and Discussion. 36 tonsils epithelial tissue micro preparations of patient A. and 41 micro preparations of patient P. were studied. Streptococcus pyogenes, Str. pneumoniae, Str. viridans, Сandida albicans, as well as non-pathogenic bacteria, Diphtheroides sp., Neisseria sp., and Corynebacterium spp. were identified as result of the bacteriological examination of mucus from the surface of the pharyngeal tonsils of the patient P.. Staph. aureus, Str. Viridans, and Str. pneumoniae were identified during a bacteriological examination of the patient A. Eosinophils with a two-segmented nucleus, specific granularity, phagocytosed spherical bacteria in the cytoplasm were detected during the histological examination of the materials taken from the surface of the patient with acute tonsillitis tonsils. Research shows that bacteria accumulate not only in the structure of extracellular detritus. Numerous bacteria accumulations were found in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in the patient with infectious mononucleosis also. The cell's shape resembles a bunch of grapes. Conclusions. The electron microscopic examination showed differences in the coccal flora localization. The extracellular localization of bacteria in the patient with acute bacterial tonsillitis, and intraepithelial presence of the bacteria in the patient with tonsillitis during infectious mononucleosis were found.
Results of clinical and additional examination methods in the treatment of localized periodontitis
Authors:   Department of Surgical and Orthopedic Dentistry, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Oliynyk A.G.
Published: July 2021

Aim. The study aims at enhancing the therapeutic effect and reducing the duration of treatment by using a solution of titanium dioxide in ozonated distilled water for antiseptic treatment of periodontal tissues. Material and Methods. Treatment results of local inflammatory changes of periodontal tissues in 128 patients (73 female, 55 male aged 21-65 years) were analyzed and classified by the severity of periodontal disease as: gingivitis, primary and moderate periodontitis. Schemes of medical actions differed in pharmacotherapy. In order to ascertain the most effective approach, the results of conventional and developed treatment complexes were compared. Results and Discussion. Digital indicators of the periodontal tissues condition following treatment presented common positive dynamic in all patients. However, significantly better results were obtained by using the developed method. According to the dynamics of bleeding index values, the proposed treatment regimens allow achieving more effective control over the inflammatory process. Digital indicators of hygiene showed that a better effect was reached after the suggested method - the dynamics of reducing the depth of periodontal pockets demonstrated clearer and statistically better results. Changes in the pH of the gingival fluid in a severe inflammatory condition indicated a considerable improvement after using the suggested treating method. X-ray data demonstrated the stability of digital values in the observation groups before and after treatment, which was interpreted as a sufficient control of destructive processes. Conclusion. Mathematical analysis of the presented data demonstrates the benefits of the developed method for the treatment of periodontal diseases, especially in non-surgical treatment regimens. The performed research confirms greater effectiveness of the therapeutic method in initial lesions, and thus it proves the efficiency of complex control for preventive purposes
Voluntary medical insurance in Ukraine: state and prospects of development
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Mysak Z.S.
Published: July 2021

Aim. The paper analyzes the state of the voluntary medical insurance in Ukraine and identifies the tendencies of its development. Material and Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of consolidated reporting data of the National Commission for State Regulation of Financial Services Markets using statistical methods, structural-logical analysis and systematic approach. Results and Discussion. According to the results of the study, the permanent health insurance is a dominant segment in the market of voluntary medical insurance in Ukraine; however the medical expenses insurance shows a steady upward trend. During the study period, the number of concluded contracts by type of medical insurance increased by 3.1 times. The increase in contracts on health insurance against disease turned out to be the most significant: in 2019, 4.7 times more contracts were concluded than in 2015. The dominance of corporate medical insurance in the segment of the market of permanent health insurance was established, while the insurance premiums made by individuals prevailed in the segment of health insurance against disease and medical expenses insurance. When studying the level of payments under voluntary medical insurance contracts, it was found that the highest level of payments had been recorded for permanent health insurance (56.95% - 62.12%). In the result of analyzing the level of reinsurance in the voluntary medical insurance market, a reduction in the ratio of insurance premiums transferred to non-resident reinsurers was established. On the basis of which it can be affirmed that the inwards reinsurance in Ukraine is being formed. The formation of the inwards reinsurance market in Ukraine has significant prospects, as it will ensure the attraction of funds into the national economy and promote integration into the international reinsurance space. Conclusions. The development tendencies study of the voluntary medical insurance is of practical importance for assessing and increasing the competitiveness of the medical insurance market in Ukraine
Pengaruh Penerapan SNI 1726:2019 Terhadap Desain Struktur Rangka Momen Beton Bertulang Di Indonesia
Authors: Nurul Sodik Ahmad Sobah , Andayani Relly
Published: July 2021

Telah diterbitkan peraturan gempa yang terbaru, yaitu tata cara perencanaan ketahanan gempa untuk struktur gedung dan non gedung SNI 1726:2019 menggantikan peraturan gempa sebelumnya, SNI 1726:2012. Dalam penelitian ini spektra desain yang ada dalam SNI 1726:2019 dibandingkan dengan spektra desain dalam SNI 1726:2012 dengan mengambil sampling 21 kota besar yang dianggap mewakili seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Dari hasil perbandingan tampak sebagian besar mengalami kenaikan walaupun tidak sedikit yang mengalami penurunan dan ada pula yang tetap. Penerapan faktor amplifikasi Fa menurut SNI 1726:2019 menyebabkan adanya fenomena anomali di daerah-daerah rawan gempa, dimana nilai spektra desain untuk perioda pendek di situs Tanah Lunak (SE) dapat lebih rendah daripada nilai untuk Tanah Sedang (SD) dan Tanah Keras (SC). Fenomena anomali tersebut terjadi di kota-kota dengan SS di atas 0,75 g. Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan melakukan studi komparasi dengan membandingkan besaran gaya gempa yang dihitung menggunakan SNI 1726:2012 dan SNI 1726:2019 terhadap suatu sampel model struktur gedung yang diasumsikan terletak di Jakarta pada kondisi tanah lunak (SE). Terjadi kenaikan base shear desain pada gedung yang dihitung menggunakan SNI 1726:2019 dibandingkan gedung yang dihitung menggunakan SNI 1726:2012 sebesar 128,93% untuk arah x dan 131,23% untuk arah y. Sampel model struktur gedung memiliki level kinerja life safety jika dievaluasi terhadap peraturan gempa SNI 1726:2012 dan mengalami penurunan kinerja dari level life safety ke collapse prevention jika dievaluasi terhadap gempa peraturan baru, SNI 1726:2019.
Prediksi Laju Sedimentasi Pada Sungai Jatiroto
Authors: Cahyani Hajar Crisia , Hidayah Entin , Wiyono Retno Utami Agung , Halik Gusfan , Widiarti Wiwik Yunarni
Published: July 2021

Erosi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya sedimentasi di sungai. Sedimentasi yang terjadi secara terus-menerus dapat mengakibatkan sungai menjadi dangkal dan mengurangi kapasitas sungai. Sedimen akan mengendap pada bagian tertentu di sepanjang aliran sungai yang tidak mampu terangkut bersama dengan aliran sungai. Sungai Jatiroto merupakan sungai yang membatasi Kabupaten Lumajang dan Kabupaten Jember. Sungai Jatiroto dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan irigasi pada kecamatan Jatiroto dan Kecamatan Rowokangkung. Penyebab dari sedimentasi adalah perubahan tata guna lahan ataupun erosi yang dilakukan oleh sungai itu sendiri. Pemodelan transpor sedimen oleh HEC-RAS bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju sedimen yang terbawa oleh sungai. Pada pemodelan ini dilakukan dua analisis, yaitu analisis hidrolika dan analisis transpor sedimen. Tahap pertama, analisis hidrolika menggunakan debit unsteady, parameter Manning (n) dan koefisien ekspansi dan kontraksi. Kalibrasi model dilakukan dengan cara perbandingan tinggi muka air yang menghasilkan nilai determinasi R2 sebesar 0,9586, nilai RMSE sebesar 0,39 dan masuk dalam kategori baik. Tahap kedua, analisis sedimentasi menggunakan debit quasi-unsteady dan diameter butiran. Fungsi pengangukatan sedimen yang cocok pada pemodelan ini adalah Laursen (Field) dengan laju sedimen sebesar 256,341 m³/tahun. Adapun laju sedimentasi di lapangan dilakukan dengan membandingkan cross section lama dengan yang baru yaitu 289,24  m³/tahun. Uji keandalan (validasi) model dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil pemodelan dengan data observasi yang didapatkan dari hasil perhitungan volume pengendapan pada cross section. Didapatkan hasil uji keandalan sebesar 88%.
Impact of Marriage Over an Indian Housewife’s Mental Health: Case Series
Authors: Khanna Dr. Nisha , Khatri Nikita
Published: July 2021

Being married for a young woman is considered important in India. A female is born and brought up in the country with teachings of how to be a good housewife i.e. how to be respectful to the elders, husband and in-laws. The pressure of holding onto this responsibility is detrimental to her psychological well-being and further impacts her holistic growth. The case series unfold how the lives of Indian housewives change completely after marriage, even in the contemporary times, and impacts their individuality that result in the collapse of their mental health and personality.
Gastrectomia Vertical e Cirurgia de Bypass Gástrico em Y de Roux: complicações cirúrgicas e metabólicas tardias
Authors: Marra Letícia Jeber , Vasconcelos Amanda Silva , Fernandes Ana Carolina Cardozo , Mota Catharine Menezes , Leitão Eduarda Vieira de Andrade , Jesus Laura Souza de , Vale Mariana Lima , Miranda Nayara Lima de , Carvalho Sabrina Rodrigues , Parreira Henrique Moura
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Descrever e discutir as complicações pós-operatórias tardias mais comuns em cirurgia bariátrica, a partir da análise de duas técnicas amplamente utilizadas atualmente que são a Gastrectomia Vertical e a Cirurgia de Bypass Gástrico em Y de Roux. Revisão bibliográfica: A cirurgia bariátrica é vista como o tratamento de maior eficácia para a obesidade grave, determinada por IMC>40kg/m2 ou IMC superior a 35kg/m2 correlacionada à comorbidades. Essa intervenção apresenta baixa mortalidade, porém as complicações são recorrentes. A fístula na linha de grampeamento, o sangramento gastrointestinal, a obstrução intestinal e a ulceração marginal são ressaltadas como os eventos tardios mais frequentes. Dentre as complicações metabólicas e nutricionais as mais evidenciadas são a Síndrome de Dumping, a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico, a colelitíase e a diabetes mellitus. Considerações finais: A cirurgia de Bypass Gástrico em Y de Roux é considerada padrão-ouro, apesar de não haver concordância sobre qual intervenção deve ser executada em cada caso. Para a escolha do procedimento, devem ser analisados os riscos e examinados fatores como grau de obesidade e contraindicações existentes.
Os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental da população
Authors: Dias Isadora Correia , Almeida Camila Hibner de , Melo Érika Mendonça Martins , Dias Hemilly Costa , Luz Isabella Soares , Santos João Luiz Duarte , Barbosa Júlia Ferraz , Zanetti Luana Favoreto , Filho Rodrigo Machado Novais , Soares Gustavo Fonseca Genelhu
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Discutir o aumento na incidência de depressão e ansiedade na população durante o período de pandemia da COVID-19, a partir de análise da produção científica sobre o tema. Revisão bibliográfica: A pandemia da COVID–19 tem impactado na saúde e no cotidiano das pessoas. Medidas para conter a transmissão do vírus alteraram o modo de se portar, promoveram o constante uso de máscaras, a necessidade de distanciamento social e a diminuição de contatos e relações interpessoais, repercutindo na saúde mental e desenvolvimento de doenças como a ansiedade e a depressão na população. Como consequência, tem se observado aumento do consumo de antidepressivos e de outras substâncias como:  álcool, cigarro e outras drogas. Salienta-se, ainda, o impacto psicossocial nos profissionais de saúde, sobretudo naqueles que atuam na linha de frente no enfrentamento da pandemia. Considerações finais: É de suma importância que haja um engajamento entre os órgãos reguladores, as intuições de saúde e também da população para gerenciar não só o impacto direto da pandemia na saúde, mas também todos os fatores secundários que têm contribuído para o adoecimento mental das pessoas nesse período.
FEATURES OF PEDIATRIC MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Onegin Е. V. , Semashko M. D. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Vdovichenko V. P. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Published: July 2021

Background. Demyelinating diseases are one of the most pressing and debatable problems in neurology. Despite the emergence of improved diagnostic criteria and new directions in therapy, multiple sclerosis is a leading cause of disability among young patients. According to epidemiological studies, about 3 million people worldwide suffer from multiple sclerosis. At the same time, from 2.7 to 10.5% of all cases of multiple sclerosis worldwide are observed in children under the age of 18, with a tendency towards an increase in the disease incidence. Purpose. To analyze the results of scientific studies of cases of childhood multiple sclerosis. Material and methods. A qualitative analysis of Russian-language and English-language literature sources containing data on cases of childhood multiple sclerosis has been carried out. Results. It has been established that the incidence of multiple sclerosis among pediatric patients is significantly lower in comparison with the adult population. The clinical picture is polymorphic and, in some cases, atypical. Conclusions. Current understanding of the term "pediatric multiple sclerosis" indicates a narrow window of onset with cognitive decline different from adults, combined with a higher number of relapses and more inflammatory lesions compared to adult multiple sclerosis. The polymorphic clinical picture and atypical manifestations of multiple sclerosis in childhood, as well as the debut in the form of a clinically isolated syndrome, can complicate early differential diagnosis and increase the interval from the onset of the disease to the administration of the necessary pharmacotherapy, which can reduce the severity of the course of the disease, the frequency of relapses and increase the interval "debut - disability".
Passing the Barrier – How Computer Simulations Can Help to Understand and Improve the Passive Membrane Permeability of Cyclic Peptides
Authors: Linker Stephanie M. , Wang Shuzhe , Ries Benjamin , Stadelmann Thomas , Riniker Sereina
Published: July 2021

Proteins with large and flat binding sites as well as protein–protein interactions are considered ' undruggable ' with conventional small-molecule drugs. Cyclic peptides have been found to be capable of binding to such targets with high affinity, making this class of compounds
an interesting source for possible therapeutics. However, the oftentimes poor passive membrane permeability of cyclic peptides still imposes restrictions on the applicability of cyclic peptide drugs. Here, we describe how computational methods in combination with experimental data can be used
to improve our understanding of the structure–permeability relationship. Especially the conformational dynamic and chameleonic nature of cyclic peptides, which we investigate by a combination of MD simulations and kinetic modeling, is important for their ability to permeate passively
through the membrane. The insights from such studies may enable the formulation of design principles for the rational design of permeable cyclic peptides.