bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P01-99 - Implementation of a “stepped care” Service for Depression Limited rising Antidepressant use: a Population-based Study
Authors: Smith M. , Morrison J. , Pelosi A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Like other European countries, the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) of antidepressants prescribed in Scotland increased almost fivefold in the 15y to 2007/8.

Aims

To assess the impact of stepped, collaborative care for depression on population antidepressant use.

Methods

A depression service (“Doing Well”) was implemented in 15/30 primary care practices in Renfrewshire, Scotland from July 2004 (population 76,013). Prescribing was compared with the remaining 15 “control” practices in Renfrewshire and Scotland nationally.

Doing Well offered prompt assessment and access to guided self-help or brief CBT or IPT. Clinical judgement guided antidepressant recommendations but drugs were not usually recommended for patients with a PHQ score < 15.

Results

Antidepressant use followed a “rational” profile, increasing with depression severity:

PHQ score at referral0-56-1011-2516-2021-27totalantidepressant use0%24%37%59%70%53%

[Antidepressant use by depression severity]

Antidepressant use increased by 3.8% in Doing Well practices, 11.8% in control practices and 12.9% in Scotland. This represents a relative reduction in DDDs in the intervention area.

[Antidepressant use over time by area]

Conclusions

Providing rapid, local access to brief psychological therapies and rational prescribing support was associated with a relative reduction in the rise of antidepressant use, but a modest increase in prescribing overall.
P01-121 - Coping Styles and Quality of Life in war Veterans with PTSD
Authors: Avdibegović E. , Selimbašić Z. , Hasanović M. , Delić A.
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to analyze interrelations of coping stills and quality of life of war veterans, who have sought psychiatric help.

Analyzed were 98 war veterans who have, during the year 2008, been ambulatory cured at the Department of Psychiatry in Tuzla. This study involved war veterans who have been diagnosed Posttraumatic stress disorder by applying the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID). The modified questionnaire Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) was used in order to examine coping stills, and the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life was used to examine quality of life.

In the analyzed group, a significantly higher number of war veterans (p< 0.05) used non-functional strategies of suppressing emotions, physical isolation, alcohol, seeking for social help out of instrumental reasons, behavioural and mental avoidance, deny, while a significantly minor number used strategies orientated towards the problem (p< 0.001). A significantly higher number of veterans (p< 0.001) was not satisfied with their financial situation, with the number and quality of their friendships, free time activities, physical and mental health. A significant negative correlation was found between the level of non-functions coping strategies and the level of satisfaction with those stated domains of quality of life. Obtained results indicate that war veterans with PTSD who have sought help used significantly more dysfunctional coping strategies.
P01-125 - Choking Phobia: Case Report
Authors: Correia R. , Malta R. , Silva A. , Moura M.
Published: June 2010

Choking phobia is a condition characterized by intense fear of choking accompanied by avoidance of swallowing solid food, drinking and taking pills in the absence of anatomical or physiological abnormalities. Patients may present a significant weight loss, about which they usually feel uncomfortable.

Fear respondents are elicited by the phobic stimuli and the patient learns to emit avoidance or escape behaviors as an attempt to reduce a hypothetical risk of choking. These escape and avoidance behaviors are characterized by a quantitative and qualitative restriction of food intake, as well as concerns about food texture, size of bite, and topographical changes in the eating response. Patients start to eat slowly, thus leading to social dysfunction.

The authors propose to describe a case report, treatment and the results for this condition.

R. is a 34 year old married male. Phobic symptoms started in 2005, after experiencing a choking incident with bone of fish. He progressively began limiting his intake of various food items by avoiding items he considered to be dangerous. Over the time he completely banished certain kinds of food from his diet and started to ingest all the aliments passed over a strainer. He refrained from eating at social events were he could not control the production of meals. This situation has implications in his marital life with constant conflicts.

In spite of the insistence of the relatives he postponed around 3 years the search of medical treatment for this situation.

He began pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment.
P01-127 - ‘Overwhelming Incidence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and its Burden to Society’ can have a Future Control Over Modern Warfare
Authors: de los Santos R. , Ashrafi M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To point out to the medical community who believes in, ‘Prevention is better than cure’ that the alarming report of cause of sudden increase in PTSD sufferers, especially in young war veterans is very clear. The memory of human suffering imprints an indelible legacy in the minds of the young people for the rest of their life ultimately voiding them into a life of social burden. As health workers like always and ironically we deal with the victims of various socio-political decisions made by world leaders, dictators and even by the terrorists. Now do we think it's a time to give a lonely message to all that ‘war should be stopped?’

Methods

This is a personal audit on studying over 500 news reports and published papers written on PTSD incidence after a major war in the last decade.

Results

Remove the cause PTSD will be eradicated. On the other PTSD victims i.e. abused in childhood, rape victims, road traffic accident victims or witnesses, fire fighters, policemen we hardly can manoeuvre in the field of prevention. However weak it is; we can give a message to the warring powers to save youngsters from future PTSD.

Conclusions

•

PTSD is preventable but has very bleak curative achievement.

•

We should not deprive our youngsters of the peaceful life, most of us are enjoying in our 40s, 50s and 60s.

•

European congress can raise a voice against the proven cause of PTSD.
P01-137 - Application of Implicit Association Test to Self-esteem Construct
Authors: Galimberti E. , Catenazzi U. , Cammino S. , Fadda E. , Bellodi L.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Researchers have assumed that self-esteem operate only in a conscious mode. In the last years, researchers showed that self-esteem is determined by both explicit and implicit process and new instruments, like Implicit Association Test (IAT), has been designed to measure implicit self-esteem. IAT measures the relative strength of association between pairs of concepts. This study investigated the correlations between implicit and explicit measures of self-esteem. We also investigate which type of the implicit instrument is preferable for an application to patients with a diagnosis of Social Phobia.

Methods

A traditional IAT (IAT-A) and a single-category IAT (SC-A) measuring implicit self-esteem were structured. IAT instruments and a traditional self-reports that assessed self-esteem were administered to 25 healthy subjects. BIDR, a self-report that assess the socially desirable responding bias, was also administered.

Results

No correlation between IAT-A and SC-A was found. IAT-A and SC-A did not show correlations with explicit self-esteem measures. Moreover, IAT-A showed a significant correlation with BIDR. At last, a significant correlations between explicit self-esteem measures was found.

Conclusion

Results suggested a distinction between implicit and explicit self-esteem construct. This distinction has important clinical implication. Because off IAT-A is more complex and needs more cognitive resources it could be suppose that this test leaves space to deliberative processes, so automaticity in responding could be reduced. In conclusion, above the theoretical basis of the original model, SC-A results preferable to apply in a clinical sample, for its simplicity and its low correlation with the BIDR.
P01-138 - Impaired Discriminative Fear Learning in Panic Disorder
Authors: Galimberti E. , Catenazzi U. , Cammino S. , Fadda E. , Bellodi L.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Fear conditioning (FC) has been proposed as crucial factor in the etiology and maintenance of panic disorder (PD). This study compared the acquisition of discriminative fear learning between PD patients and healthy subjects (CTR). The main purpose was to test the hypothesis that abnormalities in this process may exist in this population, particularly referred to conditioned responses (CRs) and discriminative fear learning acquisition.

Methods

Aversive discriminative conditioning paradigm was administered to 45 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of PD with agoraphobia and to 43 healthy subjects. The visual-auditory conditioning paradigm is composed by four visual stimuli as conditioned stimulus (CSs) and a startlingly loud sound as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Only one stimulus (CS+) was followed by the US, instead remainder stimuli were never paired with the US (CS-). The protocol consisted of 3 phases: habituation (HAB), acquisition (ACQ) and extinction (EXT). Skin conductance response (SCR) was used as dependent variable.

Results

During HAB phase no differences were found in response to all stimuli. During ACQ phase, the two groups did not differ in response to CS+; instead patients showed significantly greater reactivity to CS- than controls.

Conclusion

Results suggest equal level of fear acquisition and impaired discriminative fear learning in PD population; moreover discriminative deficit is driven by enhanced safety learning rather than any abnormality in excitatory danger learning. Enhanced responding to CS- among PD may also be interpreted as over-generalization of conditioned fear. Our result have important clinical implication, particularly for behaviour cognitive therapy in Panic Disorder.
P01-146 - Defense Mechanisms Changes after Cognitive-behavior Group Therapy Plus Motivational Interviewing and Thought Mapping for Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Authors: Meyer E. , Shavitt R. , Leukefeld C. , Heldt E. , Knapp P. , Souza F. , Cordioli A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Studying defensive styles is typically associated with dynamic theory and therapy. The present study was designed to examine the efficacy of adding two individual sessions of Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Thought Mapping (TM) to cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) to promote changes in the use of defense mechanisms among obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients.

Methods

Forty outpatients meeting OCD DSM-IV criteria were randomly assigned to either a MI+TM group or a control group, before 12 weekly CBGT sessions. To evaluate changes in defense mechanisms, the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) was administered before and after treatment.

Results

The use of the mature defense mechanisms increased in the MI+TM group at post-treatment, and there were significant differences in the decrease of use of the neurotic defense mechanisms. In addition, patients who achieved full remission differed in the use of the immature defense mechanisms. The control group presented no significant decrease in the use of any defense mechanisms.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that adding two individual sessions of MI and TM to CBGT can facilitate changes in use of defense mechanisms in OCD adult outpatients, as measured by a specific instrument.
P01-148 - “Death Anxiety” in Special and General Ward's Nurses
Authors: Aghajani M. , Valiai S.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Death is a daily, several and important occurrence in nursing. Nurse's death anxiety is effect agent on quality of communication and caring of patients especially dying patients. Death Anxiety has excellent effect on job satisfaction and mental health of nurses. Only few studies have been done in this issue.Aim of this preliminary study was compare of death anxiety in special and general ward's nurses.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional analytical study that 387 practitioner nurses in census method were recruited from selected Hospital of TUMS 2007. The data were collected using a personal - social questionnaire and Templer Death Anxiety Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive & inferential (Pearson, ANOVA, Regression…) statistical.

Results

Results show significant difference between mean score of Death anxiety in special (8/262/1) and general (8/302/4) ward's nurses and was correlated with some variables such as marriage statues (p< 0/04), education level (p< 0/03), organizational situation (p< 0/001) and the ward which nurses now worked (p< 0/02). But has not significantly correlated with age, sex, shift, care of end stage patients, partnership in CPR and etc.

Conclusion

Death anxiety effect physical and emotional aspects of nurse's life and so effect process of caring present by them. Results show death anxiety was higher in special ward nurses and they faced more than general ward nurses to dying and death so they need special attention to death anxiety and investigation causes of it, development of institutional support to enable nurses to provide good quality care for patients.
P01-168 - Prevention of Depression in Adolescents: Evaluation of an Information Booklet on Depression: Findings of a Pilot Study
Authors: Allgaier A.-K. , Schiller Y. , Schulte-Körne G.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Just like adults, adolescents still have negative attitudes towards mental illness and lack knowledge about depression. Public awareness campaigns proved to be effective in adults, but education and antistigma campaigns focussing on adolescents are rare. We developed an information booklet on depression as a first step towards a bigger campaign for youths. We investigate whether this booklet increases knowledge about depression and reduces stigmatised attitudes. Furthermore, we analyse the adolescents’ assessment of our booklet.

Methods

In a pilot study, the booklet will be evaluated in 100 9th grade pupils in Munich, aged between 14 and 16. Knowledge and attitudes about depression are investigated in a pre-post-design. Adolescents’ assessment of the booklet is rated on four-point rating scales which serve as a basis for a revision of the booklet after the pilot study. Data are collected using questionnaires specifically designed for the study.

Results

The pilot study is ongoing until December 2009. Baseline data about depression knowledge and attitudes are presented. The pre-post comparison of knowledge and attitudes is pointed out. Further, the adolescents’ assessment of the depression booklet is illustrated.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the pilot study, the booklet will be revised. Afterwards, it will be evaluated on a sample of 500 pupils in a pre-post-follow-up design covering stability of the changes for a one month period. In the long run, the booklet shall be spread to a wider public using synergistic effects with local campaigns such as the “Munich Alliance Against Depression”.
P01-175 - HELP-S for Children: Analysing the Needs of Children with a Mentally ill Parent - a Multi-centre Study in Saxony, Germany
Authors: Bönisch S. , Sonnabend N. , Holtz K. , Müller A. , Schützwohl M. , Kocalevent R.-D.
Published: June 2010

Background

Until now, no studies have been published about the prevalence and needs of children with a mentally ill parent nor about interventions for this vulnerable group in the federal state of Saxony, Germany.

Project

Therefore, the multi-centre study HELP-S for Children was initiated by the University of Leipzig in cooperation with the Technical University of Dresden. The aim of HELP-S for Children is to identifiy the prevalence and specific needs of children with a mentally ill parent.

Method

All psychiatric outpatients of Leipzig and Dresden at an appointed date will be asked to participate in the study. Patients with minor children will be asked to fill out a detailed questionnaire about the perceived needs of their children and the existing and lacking support possibilities. Because there is no adequate instrument to assess the needs of the children with a mentally ill parent, we will develop a standardized questionnaire by using expert interviews and a pre-test with mentally ill parents.

Expected results

The standardized questionnaire, which we will develop for this study, will be useable in other studies about needs of children with a mentally ill parent. Furthermore, we will gather information about the prevalence of children of mentally ill parents who are outpatients and about the specific needs of these children in the age of 0 to 18. These results will be presented and discussed during an expert workshop at the end of the project to explore ways to improve the situation of children with a mentally ill parent.
P01-176 - Validation of the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire and Peritraumatic Distress Inventory in School-aged Victims of Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Bui E. , Brunet A. , Olliac B. , Allenou C. , Raynaud J.-P. , Claudet I. , Bourdet-Loubère S. , Grandjean H. , Schmitt L. , Birmes P.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Although the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) and Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ) are both useful for identifying adults at risk of developing acute and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), they have not been validated in school-aged children. The present study aims at assessing the psychometric properties of the PDI and PDEQ in a sample of French-speaking school children.

Methods

One-hundred and thirty-three school-aged victims of road traffic accidents were consecutively enrolled into this study via the emergency room. Mean(SD) age was 11.7(2.2) and 56.4% (n=75) of them were of male gender. The 13-item self-report PDI (range 0-52) and the 10-item self report PDEQ (range 10-50) were assessed within one week of the accident. Symptoms of PTSD were assessed 1 and 6 months later using the 20-item self-report Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI) (range 0-80).

Results

Mean(SD) PDI and PDEQ scores were 19.1(10.1) and 21.1(7.6), respectively, while mean(SD) CPTS-RI scores at 1- and 6-months were 22.6(12.4) and 20.6(13.5), respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.8 and 0.77 for the PDI and PDEQ, respectively. The 1-month test-retest correlation coefficient (n=33) was 0.77 for both measures. The PDI demonstrated a 2-factor structure while the PDEQ displayed a 1-factor structure. As with adults, the two measures were inter-correlated (r=0.52) and correlated with subsequent PTSD symptoms (r=0.21−0.56; p< 0.05).

Conclusions

The PDI and PDEQ are reliable and valid in school-aged children, and predict PTSD symptoms.
P01-178 - Economical and Psychosocial Impact on Bullying in Schools of Kaunas
Authors: Burba B. , Grigaliuniene V. , Krisciukaityte A. , Grinkeviciute A. , Staceviciene R.
Published: June 2010

Objective of the study

To investigate economical and psychosocial impact on bullying in schools of Kaunas.

Methods

We investigated pupils from the 6, 7, 8 classes from 11 to 16 years old. The study was performed in the randomly chosen different schools of Kaunas. 527 pupils (270 boys and 257 girls) were questioned during this research. The results showed that more than a half of the pupils (67,6 per cent) are becoming victims of bullying in schools of Kaunas. frequency of bullying among boys and girls is almost equal (55,2 per cent boys and 48,8 per cent girls responded that they are bullying at school)(p=0.025, x2=9,317, df 3); most of pupils experience affection in their family (61,9 per cent) and 83,7 per cent of these children think that bullying at school is not the right thing to do (p=0.025, x2=9,317, df 3).

Results

Majority of children who get free lunch (welfare recipients) at school think that financial situation (of the child family) has no influence for bullying (54, 2 per cent). Most of children who are not getting the free lunch at school think that financial situation is important for the bullying to appear (69,7 per cent) (p=0.965, x2= 0,002, df 1).

Conclusions

Frequency of bullying among boys and girls is almost equal; children with better welfare conditions are more inclined to bully; financial situation for bullying to appear has more influence among girls than boys; better family relationships influence negative point of view towards bullying.
P01-190 - Molecular Genetic Study on MAOA and SLC6A4 in Association with Intellectual Disability Associated Behavioral Problems
Authors: Das Bhowmik A. , Mahapatra G. , Sinha S. , Chatterjee A. , Mukhopadhyay K.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Intellectual disability (ID) is defined as significantly subaverage intellectual functioning with deficits in adaptive behavior. For ∼40% of individuals, cause for disability remains unknown and these are categorized as idiopathic ID (IID). Various behavioral problems co-occur with ID and thus serotonergic neurotransmission, known to control emotion, mood and drive, has received immense attention. Synaptic serotonin (5-HT) level is primarily maintained by metabolizing enzyme MAOA and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) which helps in reuptake of the neurotransmitter. Since functional genetic polymorphisms have a potency to affect activities of these proteins, in the present investigation polymorphisms in these genes (MAOA-u VNTR, rs6323, 5-HTTLPR and STIN2) have been analyzed in IID individuals associated with various behavioral problems.

Methods

Families (N=189) with IID probands were recruited following DSM-IV. After obtaining informed written consent for participation, peripheral blood was collected for isolation of genomic DNA used for PCR-based genotyping of target sites followed by family-based statistical analyses of data.

Results

Significant association of MAOA rs6323 “T” allele with female IID (P=0.016) and a trend towards association with female IID patients exhibiting behavioral problems (P=0.046) was noticed. Non significant over transmission of the 5-HTTLPR “L” allele was also observed in female IID probands with behavioral problems (P=0.076). Synergistic epistatic interaction, with a sex-bias, was noticed between MAOA and 5-HTT (P< 0.05).

Conclusions

From the data obtained it could be summarized that serotonergic system may have some role in the etiology of behavioral problems of female IID individuals.
P01-195 - Alexithymia, Somatic Complaints and Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Italian Adolescents: Preliminary Results of a One-year Longitudinal Study
Authors: De Berardis D. , Serroni N. , Campanella D. , Moschetta F.S. , Ranalli C. , Olivieri L. , Caltabiano M. , Farano M. , Di Filippo M.C. , Silvestrini C. , Russo V. , Totaro E. , Carano A. , Salerno R.M. , Cavuto M. , Martinotti G. , Janiri L. , Di Iorio G. , Alessandrini M. , Di Giannantonio M.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To evaluate relationships between alexithymia, somatic complaints and depressive symptoms in a non-clinical sample of school-aged Italian adolescents.

Methods

A mixed male-female sample of 168 school-aged adolescents with a mean age of 15.8 years was investigated with self-reported rating scales. Scales were: Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Symptom Checklist 90 - Somatization Subscale (SCL-90-SOM), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Rosemberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES). Subjects were evaluated at three times: at the beginning (T0), at the middle (T1) and at the end (T2) of the scholastic year.

Results

30 subjects (17.9%) were categorized as alexithymics and, overall, showed greater psychological distress than non-alexithymics. Alexithymia levels remained stable during the time as well as the number of alexithymics. Alexithymics were more suitable to develop more severe depressive symptoms. Results of a linear regression supported the notion that depressive symptoms at endpoint were significantly associated with female sex, DIF subscale of TAS-20 and higher SCL-90-SOM scores.

Conclusions

Alexithymia, depressive symptoms and somatic complaints appeared to be highly correlated in adolescence.
P01-196 - Sleep Characteristics in Egyptian Children with Attention Deficit-hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Abd El-Hay M. , Badawy A. , El-Sawy H.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To assess subjective and objective sleep disturbances in an egyptan sample of children who have ADHD.

Methods

25 medication-free children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD (21 boys and 4 girls; age range 5-12 years) recruited from outpatient psychiatry clinics- Tanta University Hospital, Egypt, were compared with 20 healthy matched controls.

All 25 children with ADHD and controls underwent a semi-structured psychiatric interview (Kiddie-SADS) and a behavior assessment by Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS), Conners Parents Rating Scale (CPRS), and Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV). The demographic, clinical and psychiatric information of all children was collected from the histories reported by the parents. All patients and control were administered a sleep questionnaire before undergoing nocturnal video-polysmography.

Results

Parents reported a wide range of frequently occurring sleep disturbances in their children. Objective sleep measures revealed increase of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency and a decrease of REM sleep percentage, and decreased duration of sleep in children diagnosed with ADHD (p < 0.01). No significant correlations between objective sleep measures and clinical symptoms were found.

Conclusions

ADHD is associated with specific sleep alterations. The results stress the need for clinicians to routinely screen for the presence of sleep disorders, and found to future evidence-based guidelines on the management of sleep disturbances in children with ADHD.
P01-198 - Features of Anxiety Disorders in Sample of Refered Cases to Mental Health Unit for Children and Adolescents Prizren
Authors: Fanaj N. , Poniku I.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The main purposes of this work are: recognition of presence of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents referred to our unit; comparison with other disorders; their type and spread; age of symptoms beginning; age of referrals, eventual differences in gender; source of referral and the scale of drop-out.

Methods

Data are collected from 1110 our referred cases; evaluated and treated in our service 2001-2009 year. We use the retrospective method to review our work. Data processing is done with Excel program.

Results

From our 1110 referred cases assessed and treated in our unit we found 224 cases with one anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders occupied the first place with 20, 18% of all cases; 51, 33% are males and 48, 61% females. In 85 from 224 cases accounted starting time of symptoms and find age 12, 25 year.In the sample of 224 cases with anxiety disorders the most prevalent is ASD with 33%, GAD 18%, Panic disorder 11%, etc. In 39% of cases the source of referral are family doctors/GP. The percentage of drop-out is 63%, where approximately 42, 25% terminated assessment or treatment after the first session. In 31, 69% of cases we use one medicament.

Conclusions

Anxiety disorders are among the most presented disorders in our unit. More diagnosed cases are males than females. Age group 0-6 year remains after age groups 7-12 and 13-18 years. Acute stress disorders dominated Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder.
P01-199 - Developmental Lag in ADHD - Cross Sectional Study with Continous Performance Test
Authors: Rybakowski F. , Slopien A. , Borkowska A. , Rajewski A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Several clinical and neuroimaging studies suggest developmental lag in children with ADHD, which normalizes in late adolescence. However, studies using dimensional behavioral and neuropsychological assessment point to the persistent nature of deficits.

Methods

Two hundred five children with diagnosis of ADHD (187 boys, 18 girls; age 10.9±2.7) and 155 healthy controls (80 boys, 75 girls; age 10.3±2.3) were recruited. Both (unmedicated for 48 hours) patients and healthy controls were assessed with Continous Performance Test (CPT).

Results

Patients with ADHD made more errors and less hits than healthy control children, respectively (19.9±17.4 vs. 16.0±16.2; p=0.02) and (38.0±8.6 vs. 41.4±6.2; p< 0.001). In early school age (7-9 years) children with ADHD performed worse than healthy children in terms of reaction time, number of errors and number of hits, respectively (864.9±111.0 vs. 799.9±116.2; p< 0.001), (32.7±20.2 vs. 23.4±19.6; p< 0.001), (33.1±9.0 vs. 39.0±6.1; p< 0.001). In older school age (10-12 years) and in adolescence (13-17 years) significant differences were observed only in number of hits, respectively (40.3±7.5 vs. 43.0±6.0; p=0.002) and (41.3±6.7 vs. 44.9±2.0; p=0.03).

Conclusions

Young children with ADHD may show more pervasive cognitive deficits, than older children and adolescents. More specific neuropsychological dysfunction may be a trait of ADHD patients, irrespectively of age. These results may suggest existence of several attentional systems, which mature in different developmental periods.
P01-203 - Presentation of a Specialized Outpatient Unit for Internet and PC Addiction -first Year of Operations, Results, Recommendations for the Future
Authors: Siomos K. , Dafoulis V. , Floros G. , Karagiannaki-Kastani I. , Christianopoulos K.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The objective of this presentation is to present the experience from the first year of operation of the Specialized Outpatient Unit for Internet and PC Addiction created in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece.

Methods

We present data from the first 40 adolescents who attended our service. Demographics and PC / Internet usage statistics are presented along with final diagnosis and treatment where it was deemed appropriate, both for Internet addiction disorder but also any co-morbid psychiatric disorder. We describe the diagnostic tests that are employed and their appropriateness for this goal and the therapeutic methods including psychotherapy (a sixteen session CBT protocol) and pharmacotherapy. Recommendations for effectively setting up similar services are given.

Results

All cases involved teenage boys (mean age 15 yrs) who abused the Internet primarily to play on-line games. In all cases it was the parents who initiated contact with our Unit. In 75% of the cases the primary concern was addiction to the Internet per se while in 25% of the cases it was the drop in school achievement that prompted the parents to seek a possible explanation in excessive Internet use.

Conclusions

During the first year of operations the Unit has treated with success a variety of cases of Internet addiction disorder and made an effort to alert the public to the new phenomenon. A need for similar services is becoming evident throughout Europe as they have already proliferated in Asia.
P01-214 - Modified Magnesium and Lipoproteins in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Irmisch G. , Höppner J. , Reis O. , Haessler F. , Weirich S.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

ADHD is supposed to be a heterogenous disorder with a complex etiology. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to play a role for a wide range of learning and mood disorders, including ADHD. Furthermore, various additional factors might be beneficial to the buffering effect of PUFAs, including zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg). Zn protects lipids against peroxidation by its antioxidative force, as well as it is necessary for the maintenance of fatty acid metabolism enzyme activity. Mg is known to be an indispensable element for fatty acid enzymes and neuronal activities.

In this study, lipid, Zn and Mg concentrations were analysed to investigate the pathological processes within the lipid metabolism in ADHD. We assumed that children displaying symptoms of ADHD would have lower concentrations of Mg, Zn and/or different lipoproteins, compared to controls.

Methods

Blood serum concentrations of Zn, Mg, total cholesterol (Chol), Apolipoproteins a and b (Apo a and Apo b), High density lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL) and Low density lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL) were analysed in nine boys with ADHS (8.2 ± 0.6 years) and 11 controls (7.9 ± 0.87 years), at three times under different stressful conditions.

Results

Mg and HDL concentrations were significantly higher as Apo b concentrations were lower in ADHD compared to the control group. None of the other parameters did show differences between both groups.

Conclusions

Mg and lipoproteins may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. Further investigations should prove the controverse findings about the interrelationships between Mg concentrations and ADHD symptoms.
P01-215 - Child Sexual Abuse: a Literature Review of Psychosocial and Psychodynamic Aspects
Authors: Jacintho A.C.d.Á. , Santos A. , Morita C.T. , Salán T.M. , Marmo D.B. , Zambon M.P. , Celeri E.H.R.V. , Pereira M.E.C. , Dalgalarrondo P. ,   Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Study Group
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To review the literature on child sexual abuse with emphasis on psychosocial/psychodynamic aspects.

Methods

Systematic literature review from the articles indexed in Medline, PSYinfo, Pepsic, Lilacs and Scielo in the last ten years. Terms researched were: child sexual abuse, psychosocial, psychodynamic and psychoanalysis.

Results

Child sexual abuse can have devastating consequences for the psychological functioning of children, possibly interfering with their proper process of development. It can contribute to violent behavior, acts of delinquency and mental disorders in adolescence and adulthood, as well as the development of comorbid post-traumatic stress and self-aggressive behaviors, risk behaviors and teenage pregnancy. Gravity of psychic consequences increase in relation to the frequency of abuse. Aspects of power, seduction and coercion are involved. Inequalities of age and gender are highlighted. Often practiced without the use of physical force, it may be difficult to be proven. A frequent abuser of familiarity with the child creates conditions that foster abuse. The revelation of the abuse may not occur, perpetuating the suffering and helplessness of the child. Sexually abused children may develop identification with the abuser and even become sexual offenders in adulthood. There are difficulties in the conceptual definition of abuse, the establishment of protocols for investigative and therapeutic management of cases and in predicting the immediate consequences along with the medium and long-term consequences.

Conclusions

Studies on the therapeutic practices used for the treatment of abused children and their families can help to construct therapeutic models, minimizing suffering in this terrible situation of violence.
P01-216 - Child Sexual Abuse: a Socio-demographic and Clinical Data of 19 Cases Treated at a University Hospital
Authors: Jacintho A.C.d.Á. , Morita C.T. , Santos A. , Salán T.M. , Marmo D.B. , Zambon M.P. , Celeri E.H.R.V. , Pereira M.E.C. , Dalgalarrondo P. ,   Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Study Group
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To investigate socio-demographic and clinical trials of 19 sexually abused children.

Methods

Statistical analysis with SPSS of data on psychiatric and pediatric care of sexually abused children, aged 2-12 years old, treated at the Pediatric Service of University of Campinas-Brazil Clinical Hospital in 2007.

Results

From a total of 19 children, 2 (10.5%) were boys and 17 (89.5%) girls. The average age group was 7.4 years. Eleven (57.9%) attended regular school, one (5.3%) attended special school, one (5.3%) pre-school and six (31.5%) did not attend any school. Regarding ethnicity, 11 (57.9%) children were white and eight (42.1%) non-white. The abuse was committed with physical threats in nine (47.4%) cases, without threats in two (10.5%). Eight children were unable to define physical threat. The abuse occurred only once in 10 (52.6%) cases and several times in nine (47.4%). Prior psychiatric treatment occurred in two (5.3%) children and psychological treatment in six (31.6%). Twelve (63.2%) children had never attended psychological or psychiatric consultations. Eleven (57.9%) children received a psychiatric diagnosis and referral for treatment. In 13 (68.4%) attendance was diagnosed in the Z-code of the International Classification of Diseases-10. Family and people close to children appear as abusers in 15 cases (78.9%).

Conclusions

Despite the small sample, this study supports the literature in which child sexual abuse appears as a phenomenon more frequent in girls, dysfunctional families, and practiced mainly by family members or close friends of children. The relationship with psychiatric disorders was also highlighted.
P01-223 - A Study on the Polymorphism of DRD4exoniii48bp VNTR and Executive Function in Han Chinese children with Tourette's Syndrome
Authors: Weidong J. , Guoquan Z. , Jiaxiu Z. , Chuang Y. , Tianyou G. , Lanting G.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The relationship of DRD4exonIII48bp VNTR and executive function were studied in 86 children with Tourette's Syndrome.

Methods

86 Han Chinese children with GTS were tested using a set of neuropsychological test(Stroop test, trail making test,modified Wisconsin Card sorting test) and compared with 51 healthy control group to understand the relationship between executive deficits and genetics.

Results

Compared with normal children, The GTS group showed impairment on almost all psychological measures. In some stroop test, combined ADHD group differed from the GTS-alone group. No evidence show significantly difference among DRD4exonIII48bp VNTR and executive function.

Conclusion

GTS patient has executive function deficits,these deficits may have nothing to do with DRD4exonIII48bp VNTR.For comorbid, there is a certain influence in the executive function.
P01-242 - Learning Difficulties and Behavioral Misconduct
Authors: Rocha F. , Rocha A. , Massad E.
Published: June 2010

Objective

A percentage of children with learning difficulties (LD) in reading and calculating have behavioral problems (BP), too. Two LD groups - having (GA) and not-having (GB) behavioral problems according to their teachers - were studied.

Methods

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was filled by the teachers of 236 LD children, 45 of them having BP complaints. Factor Analysis was employed to analyze CBCL data.

Results

Two Factors accounted for more than 70% of the total data variance on both GA (F1 and F2) and GB (F3 and F4 in Table 1) groups.

Table 1 GAGB F1F2F3F4ATE0,1694690,7337780,4986210,640568HIP-0,050950,9467820,8129220,134896OPO0,1377820,942060,9160170,074784SOC-0,68666-0,079780,266948-0,77538ANX0,8156560,3227850,5850020,537535AFE0,7808820,2111070,1925740,8036SHY0,9104160,1154760,3888870,753765AGR0,2209080,8689270,8541940,171585SOM0,793687-0,169110,566520,163216Eigenval4,1412612,4375994,3510631,644172Variance46,0140127,084434,35106318,26857

ATE - attention deficit; HIP - hyperactivity; OPO - opposition-defiant; SOC - sociability; ANX - anxiety; AFE -affective complaints; SHY - shyness; AGR - aggressiveness; SOM - somatic complaints.

According to the DSM-V and the above results, GA children have a CBLC profile compatible with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD - F1) or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Combined Type (F2), whereas GB students are either ADHD, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type (F3) or ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Type (F4).

Conclusion

The results indicate that teachers tend to consider either ADHD/Hyperactive-Impulsive (F3) or ADHD/Inattentive (F4) as not having BP and to consider misbehavior associated with GAD (F1) and ADHD/Combined (F2).
P01-245 - Besides a Waiting Room: Playroom as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Resource Before Psychiatric Consultation
Authors: Santos A. , Salán T.M. , Jacintho A.C.d.Á. , Celeri E.H.R.V. , Dalgalarrondo P. ,   Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Study Group
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of playrooms implemented in care services of children's health, while waiting for a consultation appointment.

Methods

A playroom was developed in a child psychiatry outpatient service in a University Hospital, where spontaneous approaches, without educational or psycho-specific directing, were conducted by members of a multidisciplinary team of this service. The children had their attitudes and behaviors observed by these professionals during the playful waiting time in the playroom. Therefore, all observations have been used in subsequent discussions with the professional directly responsible for the child's care, in order to enrich and supplement the case's supervision.

Results

In spite of the spread of the playrooms, there are few studies about them, their objectives and key aspects for their creation and maintenance. It not only adds new elements to those given by family, teachers and patients, but also allows a free observation of the latent unspoken aspects that emerge during play and complement or even change the caregiver first impressions.

Conclusion

The experience of a playroom implemented in a child psychiatry outpatient service in a University Hospital agrees with the studies that indicate that through playful-creative activities children can make discoveries their own way, develop relationships and elaborate affective aspects of their psychic space. Rescue strategies in spontaneous play are essential elements for the children's integral development, creativity, learning and socialization. Above all, playrooms also have a therapeutic and diagnostic role in children's care.
P01-247 - Demographic Survey of ADHD in Hemel Hempstead UK
Authors: Sharma J.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is among the most commonly diagnosed behavioural disorders. There is a glaring paucity of published data on current practice in ADHD Clinics in UK. Following on from recommendations of the European Clinical Guidelines for Hyperkinetic Disorder, NICE guidelines, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, it is practice that an appropriately qualified healthcare professional only should make a formal diagnosis of ADHD, with the assessment process involving a multidisciplinary team approach. A specialist ADHD clinic was started in Hemel Hempstead in 2005 conducted on a monthly basis.

Objectives

The present work aims to collate the demographics of the referrals to the Specialist ADHD clinic, and compare it to the National figures. Theories and ideas relevant to improvement could be deduced from this data.

Methods

Literature review has been conducted to have national figures for comparison. Data will be collated from monthly appointments to ascertain the demographic facts. Further work will include looking at the outcome of the assessment. Data collection will involve review of notes, letters and recording of information and analysis will be done with use of excel and graphs.

Results

Will show the number and characteristics of referrals; and the outcome of assessments. These will then be compared to national figures.

Conclusions

Recommendations will be extracted from the data available. These preliminary findings would help in understanding the disorder better, and add to the evidence base which could then be applied to effective management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
P01-267 - Health-related Quality of Life (hrqol): Comparison Between Men with Prostate Cancer and Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing External Radiotherapy
Authors: Zeppegno P. , Allera O. , Colombo M. , Dalò V. , Lombardi A. , Grasso R. , Beldì D. , Masini L. , Gambaro G. , Krengli M. , Torre E.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Prostate and breast cancer share many similarities: high lifetime prevalence, increasing frequency, role of environmental factors, long survival also in metastatic disease and possibility of screening. The aim of this work is to evaluate the characteristics related to the patients, disease and treatment which can affect HRQoL at the beginning and after radiotherapy.

Methods

since June 2009, we have recruited patients, providing informed consent, before radiotherapy (T0). We assess demographic characteristic (age, qualification, work, marital status…); neoplastic staging and grading; radiation dose and other antineoplastic treatment (hormonal/chemio-therapy or surgery); concomitant medical disease and pharmacological therapy. We evaluate HRQoL by EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC-QLQ-PR25 (prostate-specific) or EORTC-QLQ-BR23 (breast-specific). The protocol also includes HADS, Paykel Life Events Scale and EPQ-R. The work is ongoing and implies a follow-up at 6 and 12 months (T1/T2).

Results

The majority of men have a localized disease with Gleason score between 6 and 8 and the median pretreatment PSA is 10.52 ng/mL; 70% will undergo adjuvant-RT; median age is 69.30 years. Women have a median age of 58.46 years, all underwent surgery and all have a localized disease and positive receptorial status. Global QoL is lightly higher in the man sample; both groups report a major deficit at Emotional Function and high levels of Fatigue. The personological characteristic more represented is “Extravertion”.

Conclusions

The results show an association between worse QoL, “Nevroticism” and high Anxiety levels only in the men sample at T0. At the moment, there is no significant relation in the women sample.
P01-282 - Psychiatric Disorders in HIV Infected Patients in a General Hospital in Singapore
Authors: Lee J. , Kee J. , Tan L.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The psychiatric reactions relating to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection cover the whole range of mental illnesses and psychosocial problems. This poses a challenge to both physicians and psychiatrists and is of immense relevance due to the rising number of HIV patients in Singapore.

Objectives

To retrospectively examine the psychiatric disorders and related factors associated with HIV infected patients in a general hospital in Singapore.

Aims

To review and describe the psychiatric disorders and related factors associated with HIV patients under the care of Tan Tock Seng Hospital and Communicable Disease Centre in Singapore.

Methods

A 2-years retrospective descriptive study was performed on all HIV patients who were referred to the Department of Psychological Medicine of Tan Tock Seng Hospital for psychiatric assessment and this includes both inpatient and outpatient referrals. The data for inpatient referrals was obtained through the interdepartmental referral registry and relevant case notes. The data for outpatient referrals was obtained through the attendance and relevant case notes of the HIV psychiatric clinic. The data was collated and analyzed.

Results

Mood disorders were the most common psychiatric disorders diagnosed and antidepressants were the most commonly used psychotropic drugs. Most patients were followed up on an outpatient basis for continuation of treatment.

Conclusions

Many HIV infected patients may have concomitant psychiatric disorders. Clinicians may need to actively identify patients at risk and initiate early psychiatric consult to ensure appropriate care for these treatable disorders.