bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF CCD DETECTOR TEMPERATURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SPACE REMOTE SENSING CAMERA
Authors: Zhang X. , Wang X. , Han Z. , Li C. , Lu P. , Zheng J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The CCD detector is the core device of the space remote sensing camera. The performance of CCD detector greatly affects the performance of the whole remote sensing camera. The temperature of the CCD detector has a significant influence on its performance. In order to better study this influence relationship, the temperature impact verification of remote sensing camera detector was carried out. The test scheme of dark signal under high temperature environment and the test scheme of radiation calibration under different temperature conditions are developed. And the test verification was completed. Based on the analysis of the experimental data,the quantization relationship of the influence of temperature on the parameters such as dark signal, dark noise, dynamic range, noise and signal-to-noise ratio is obtained. These results have certain reference value for the development of space remote sensing camera.
MULTI-FEATURE-MARKS BASED INFORMATION EXTRACTION OF URBAN GREEN SPACE ALONG ROAD
Authors: Zhao H. H. , Guan H. Y.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Green space along road of QuickBird image was studied in this paper based on multi-feature-marks in frequency domain. The magnitude spectrum of green along road was analysed, and the recognition marks of the tonal feature, contour feature and the road were built up by the distribution of frequency channels. Gabor filters in frequency domain were used to detect the features based on the recognition marks built up. The detected features were combined as the multi-feature-marks, and watershed based image segmentation were conducted to complete the extraction of green space along roads. The segmentation results were evaluated by Fmeasure with P = 0.7605，R = 0.7639，F = 0.7622.
HIGH THROUGHPUT SYSTEM FOR PLANT HEIGHT AND HYPERSPECTRAL MEASUREMENT
Authors: Zhao H. , Xu L. , Jiang H. , Shi S. , Chen D.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Hyperspectral and three-dimensional measurement can obtain the intrinsic physicochemical properties and external geometrical characteristics of objects, respectively. Currently, a variety of sensors are integrated into a system to collect spectral and morphological information in agriculture. However, previous experiments were usually performed with several commercial devices on a single platform. Inadequate registration and synchronization among instruments often resulted in mismatch between spectral and 3D information of the same target. And narrow field of view (FOV) extends the working hours in farms. Therefore, we propose a high throughput prototype that combines stereo vision and grating dispersion to simultaneously acquire hyperspectral and 3D information.
SAR IMAGE CHANGE DETECTION BASED ON FUZZY MARKOV RANDOM FIELD MODEL
Authors: Zhao J. , Huang G. , Zhao Z.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Most existing SAR image change detection algorithms only consider single pixel information of different images, and not consider the spatial dependencies of image pixels. So the change detection results are susceptible to image noise, and the detection effect is not ideal. Markov Random Field (MRF) can make full use of the spatial dependence of image pixels and improve detection accuracy. When segmenting the difference image, different categories of regions have a high degree of similarity at the junction of them. It is difficult to clearly distinguish the labels of the pixels near the boundaries of the judgment area. In the traditional MRF method, each pixel is given a hard label during iteration. So MRF is a hard decision in the process, and it will cause loss of information. This paper applies the combination of fuzzy theory and MRF to the change detection of SAR images. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better detection effect than the traditional MRF method.
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE OF THE NEWS MAP COMPILATION SERVICE
Authors: Zhao T. , Liu W. , Ma W.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Based on the needs of the news media on the map, this paper researches on the news map compilation service, conducts demand research on the service of compiling news maps, designs and compiles the public authority base map suitable for media publication, and constructs the news base map material library. It studies the compilation of domestic and international news maps with timeliness and strong pertinence and cross-regional characteristics, constructs the hot news thematic gallery and news map customization services, conducts research on types of news maps, establish closer liaison and cooperation methods with news media, and guides news media to use correct maps. Through the practice of the news map compilation service, this paper lists two cases of news map preparation services used by different media, compares and analyses cases, summarizes the research situation of news map compilation service, and at the same time puts forward outstanding problems and development suggestions in the service of news map compilation service.
SEA ICE DRIFT MONITORING IN THE BOHAI SEA BASED ON GF4 SATELLITE
Authors: Zhao Y. , Wei P. , Zhu H. , Xing B.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Bohai Sea is the inland sea with the highest latitude in China. In winter, the phenomenon of freezing occurs in the Bohai Sea due to frequent cold wave influx. According to historical records, there have been three serious ice packs in the Bohai Sea in the past 50 years which caused heavy losses to our economy. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the drift of sea ice and sea ice in the Bohai Sea. The GF4 image has the advantages of short imaging time and high spatial resolution. Based on the GF4 satellite images, the three methods of SIFT (Scale invariant feature – the transform and Scale invariant feature transform), MCC (maximum cross-correlation method) and sift combined with MCC are used to monitor sea ice drift and calculate the speed and direction of sea ice drift, the three calculation results are compared and analyzed by using expert interpretation and historical statistical data to carry out remote sensing monitoring of sea ice drift results. The experimental results show that the experimental results of the three methods are in accordance with expert interpretation and historical statistics. Therefore, the GF4 remote sensing satellite images have the ability to monitor sea ice drift and can be used for drift monitoring of sea ice in the Bohai Sea.
A POINT CLOUD CLASSIFICATION APPROACH BASED ON VERTICAL STRUCTURES OF GROUND OBJECTS
Authors: Zhao Y. , Hu Q. , Hu W.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper proposes a novel method for point cloud classification using vertical structural characteristics of ground objects. Since urbanization develops rapidly nowadays, urban ground objects also change frequently. Conventional photogrammetric methods cannot satisfy the requirements of updating the ground objects’ information efficiently, so LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology is employed to accomplish this task. LiDAR data, namely point cloud data, can obtain detailed three-dimensional coordinates of ground objects, but this kind of data is discrete and unorganized. To accomplish ground objects classification with point cloud, we first construct horizontal grids and vertical layers to organize point cloud data, and then calculate vertical characteristics, including density and measures of dispersion, and form characteristic curves for each grids. With the help of PCA processing and K-means algorithm, we analyze the similarities and differences of characteristic curves. Curves that have similar features will be classified into the same class and point cloud correspond to these curves will be classified as well. The whole process is simple but effective, and this approach does not need assistance of other data sources. In this study, point cloud data are classified into three classes, which are vegetation, buildings, and roads. When horizontal grid spacing and vertical layer spacing are 3 m and 1 m respectively, vertical characteristic is set as density, and the number of dimensions after PCA processing is 11, the overall precision of classification result is about 86.31 %. The result can help us quickly understand the distribution of various ground objects.
A BUFFER ANALYSIS BASED ON CO-LOCATION ALGORITHM
Authors: Zhou G. , Huang S. , Wang H. , Zhang R. , Wang Q. , Sha H. , Liu X. , Pan Q.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Buffer analysis is a common tool of spatial analysis, which deals with the problem of proximity in GIS. Buffer analysis researches the relationship between the center object and other objects around a certain distance. Buffer analysis can make the complicated problem be more scientifically and visually, and provide valuable information for users. Over the past decades, people have done a lot of researches on buffer analysis. Along with the constantly improvement of spatial analysis accuracy needed by people, people hope that the results of spatial analysis can be more exactly express the actual situation. Due to the influence of some certain factors, the impact scope and contact range of a geographic elements on the surrounding objects are uncertain. As all we know, each object has its own characteristics and changing rules in the nature. They are both independent and relative to each other. However, almost all the generational algorithms of existing buffer analysis are based on fixed buffer distance, which do not consider the co-location relationship among instances. Consequently, it is a waste of resource to retrieve the useless information, and useful information is ignored.
MINING CO-LOCATION PATTERNS WITH CLUSTERING ITEMS FROM SPATIAL DATA SETS
Authors: Zhou G. , Li Q. , Deng G. , Yue T. , Zhou X.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The explosive growth of spatial data and widespread use of spatial databases emphasize the need for the spatial data mining. Co-location patterns discovery is an important branch in spatial data mining. Spatial co-locations represent the subsets of features which are frequently located together in geographic space. However, the appearance of a spatial feature C is often not determined by a single spatial feature A or B but by the two spatial features A and B, that is to say where A and B appear together, C often appears. We note that this co-location pattern is different from the traditional co-location pattern. Thus, this paper presents a new concept called clustering terms, and this co-location pattern is called co-location patterns with clustering items. And the traditional algorithm cannot mine this co-location pattern, so we introduce the related concept in detail and propose a novel algorithm. This algorithm is extended by join-based approach proposed by Huang. Finally, we evaluate the performance of this algorithm.
Fluctuations of finite-time Lyapunov exponents in an intermediate-complexity atmospheric model: a multivariate and large-deviation perspective
Authors: Kwasniok Frank
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The stability properties as characterised by the fluctuations of finite-time Lyapunov exponents around their mean values are investigated in a three-level quasi-geostrophic atmospheric model with realistic mean state and variability. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the fluctuation field of all of the finite-time Lyapunov exponents is performed. The two leading modes are patterns where the most unstable Lyapunov exponents fluctuate in phase. These modes are independent of the integration time of the finite-time Lyapunov exponents. Then large-deviation rate functions are estimated from time series of daily Lyapunov exponents using the Legendre transform and from time series of Lyapunov exponents with long integration times based on their probability density function. Serial correlation in the time series is properly accounted for. Convergence to a large-deviation principle can be established for all of the Lyapunov exponents which is rather slow for the most unstable exponents and becomes faster when going further down in the Lyapunov spectrum. Convergence is generally faster for the Gaussian behaviour in the vicinity of the mean value. The curvature of the rate functions at the minimum is linked to the corresponding elements of the diffusion matrix. Also joint large-deviation rate functions beyond the Gaussian approximation are calculated for the first and the second Lyapunov exponent.
Envelhecer nas perspectivas sobre tempo, experiência e consciência de classe em Edward Palmer Thompson e Antônio Gramsci
Authors: Silva Elaine Lima , Silva Juceli Aparecida
Published: May 2018

O artigo trata sobre as questões do envelhecimento humano sob a perspectiva dos conceitos de “tempo”, “consciência de classe” e “experiência” em Edward Palmer Thompson e Antônio Gramsci, em diálogo com outros autores. A partir da revisão narrativa da literatura, concluiu-se que o envelhecimento não pode ser definido como algo homogêneo, linear ou reduzido a certo “economismo”. Com base nas particularidades e sutilezas dos costumes dos povos
durante o processo de industrialização na Inglaterra no século XVIII e no movimento dos aposentados no Brasil na década de 1990, pode-se observar como o conceito de envelhecimento e o lugar das pessoas idosas e/ou aposentadas foram gradativamente se alterando e modificando a partir de mudanças nas concepções de tempo, experiência e consciência de classe.
Medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados e doenças prevalentes em idosos residentes nos meios rural e urbano
Authors: Corralo Vanessa Da Silva , Silva Maria Isabel Gonçalves da , Winckler Marina , Bohnen Lilian Caroline , Marcon Scheila , Schmidt Clenise Liliane , De Sá Clodoaldo Antônio
Published: May 2018

Objetivou-se analisar o uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPIs) e as doenças prevalentes em idosos de ambos os sexos residentes nos meios rural e urbano de um município do extremo oeste Catarinense. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, analítico, realizado com 242 idosos estratificados por sexo e local de residência. Desses, 50,4% eram do sexo feminino, 49,6% eram do sexo masculino, 38,8% residiam no meio urbano e 61,2% no meio rural. Os MPIs foram classificados segundo os critérios de Beers (2015). Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, média, desvio padrão e distribuição de frequências. Para a associação entre variáveis, foi utilizado o teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson ou teste Exato de Fisher. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p0,05) entre as doenças relatadas e a prevalência de utilização de medicamentos em função do local de residência (rural ou urbano). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa (p
A concepção de filosofia da educação no pensamento de John Dewey
Authors: Souza Rodrigo Augusto de
Published: May 2018

Este artigo apresenta aspectos da concepção de filosofia da educação elaborada por John Dewey (1859-1952) em sua obra Democracia e educação, publicada pela primeira vez em 1916. A hipótese que orienta o trabalho é a de que a noção de filosofia da educação perpassa todo o livro de Dewey, considerado sua obra-prima (masterpiece). Dewey defendeu a tese de que a filosofia deveria ser considerada a teoria geral da educação. Procura-se desenvolver essa conceituação realizada pelo filósofo norte-americano. A filosofia recebeu uma importante função social, cultural e pedagógica no pensamento deweyano. Isso tinha por objetivo realizar a crítica dos sistemas filosóficos clássicos, como o estoicismo, a escolástica, o racionalismo, o empirismo, o idealismo e o liberalismo. Além disso, a proposta filosófica de Dewey objetivava livrar a reflexão filosófica da esterilidade e da inércia. Em outras palavras, incentivar a colaboração da filosofia com a sociedade e a cultura. Nesse propósito, a educação teria um lugar de destaque. Não obstante o papel fundamental desempenhado pela filosofia na educação, é possível também identificar algumas críticas a essa atribuição. A crítica consiste no argumento de que Dewey defendeu uma concepção instrumental da filosofia, distante da crítica.
Identidad nacional, historia de elite y prensa en Costa Rica. Los funerales de Estado del Lic. Cleto González Víquez (1937) y del Lic. Braulio Carrillo Colina (1972)
Authors: Urbina Gaitán Chester
Published: May 2018

El funeral de Estado del Lic. Cleto González Víquez (1937) le permitió a los gobernantes de turno de Costa Rica ensalzar la figura de este ex mandatario como referente moral y patriótico. Se exaltaron sus cualidades como su amor por el trabajo, al estudio, al hogar, el respeto a la democracia, su humildad, la entrega y sacrificio por la patria. Esto pretendía reforzar los valores sobre los cuales se asentaba la identidad nacional costarricense; y en última instancia, invisibilizar la desigualdad y la explotación de clase que prevalecía. Por otra parte, la llegada de los restos mortales de don Braulio Carrillo al país en 1972 fue utilizada por el gobierno de José Figueres Ferrer para transmitir una visión de la historia y de la política de tipo elitista, donde el Estado es la construcción directa y única de la clase dominante y se construye para regular y encauzar el conflicto social. Los intelectuales que escribieron sobre este hecho lo hicieron sin asidero histórico, con el fin de transmitir un sentimiento de pertenencia nacional y de sacrificio por la patria.Revista de Museología "Kóot" No.8 2017: 9-23
La filosofía griega
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: May 2018

Se hace una aproximación a la filosofía griega destacando que dicha filosofía surge en un período privilegiado de la historia occidental que ha tenido una influencia enorme en nuestra manera de pensar en la actualidad. La casi totalidad de los conceptos que forman el acervo de la filosofía occidental estuvieron de una u otra forma pensados por los griegos. Se finaliza destacando las vinculaciones entre el pensamiento mítico y el pensamiento racional, mostrando las condiciones que hicieron posible la emergencia de ese peculiar tipo de discurso filosófico que inauguraron los griegos.Revista de Museología "Kóot" No.8 2017: 34-44
El legado de Francisco Morazán en centroamérica : los imaginarios del héroe unionista y su herencia histórica
Authors: Amaya Banegas Jorge Alberto
Published: May 2018

Este modesto artículo intentará exponer cuáles fueron algunos de los alcances de dicha Reforma en la construcción de ciertos imaginarios de nación, y en especial, intentará describir cómo los reformadores se dieron a la tarea de construir un nacionalismo basado en la creación del “Panteón de los Héroes Nacionales”, exaltando preferentemente a Francisco Morazán como el principal prócer reinante de ese “Panteón sagrado”. Asimismo, presentará algunos tópicos que a juicio del autor son herencias o legados fundamentales del genio de Morazán para la región centroamericana.Revista de Museología "Kóot" No.8 2017: 46-57
Categorías filosóficas para el análisis de la realidad
Authors: Fúnez Rubén
Published: May 2018

Una reflexión sobre las categorías filosóficas para el análisis de la realidad salvadoreña. Se trata de un artículo novedoso en su género que pretende ir espigando aquellas categorías filosóficas fundamentales que permitan al ser humano dar cuenta de la realidad en la que estamos situados.Revista de Museología "Kóot" No.8 2017: 174-185
Suchitoto, un patrimonio que se transforma: ¿para quién? ¿para qué? ¿y sus herederos? hacia una reflexión del valor humano del patrimonio edificado
Authors: Rivas Ramón D.
Published: May 2018

La ciudad de Suchitoto, ubicado en el departamento de Cuscatlán, es un lugar rico en historia, calzado por un patrimonio que fue heredado desde los primeros años de la república, con un impresiónate legado histórico, tanto en tradiciones y arquitectura, la cual ha resistido el paso de los tiempos, permitiendo a sus actuales dueños, ser disfrutado por visitantes nacionales e internacionales.Es una herencia que identifica y da pertenencia a todos sus pobladores. Es parte de la identidad de los salvadoreños. Pero ¿qué sucede cuando por situaciones de carácter endógeno, los que han heredado y vivido en el lugar, tienen que salir y dejar sus raíces? ¿qué sucede cuando el patrimonio es intervenido por el comercio y los factores de desarrollo? ¿qué pasa con aquellos que dejaron su patrimonio cultural, tangible e intangible, para incorporarse a otros nichos sociales fuera de sus fronteras? ¿cómo se transforma esa cultura?Esta es una realidad que la vive Suchitoto y la están viviendo millones de personas y sociedades en el mundo, desarrollados o no, que debemos analizarla y reflexionarla antropológicamente, a fin de encontrar un significante y un significado que sirva de ruta para impulsar mejores políticas públicas que beneficien la conservación y la puesta en valor del patrimonio cultural de los pueblos; ya que el patrimonio es identidad, y por ende, un importante referente cultural de su gente.Sin duda alguna, patrimonios valiosos como Suchitoto se están transformado sin el verdadero valor humano con la cual fue construido por sus ancestros; y sus más recientes pobladores están emigrando a otras sociedades del mundo, caracterizado por el consumismo, dejando su riqueza cultural en manos de extraños que buscan transformarla sin tomar en cuenta la historia, la tradición y el componente humano y arquitectónico que sirvieron de base para erigir este valioso patrimonio cultural.Sabemos que la cultura, el patrimonio y la identidad se transforman, proceso normal en toda sociedad, pero no es justo que se produzca una transformación inducida por instancias que se posicionaron del lugar, sin que estos lo conozcan y lo cambien sin saber cuál era el verdadero valor histórico que tuvo en su época.Revista de Museología "Kóot" No.8 2017: 187-201
Prólogo No.8
Authors: Loucel José Mauricio
Published: May 2018

Una de las características de las casas de estudios superiores que se precian de actuar con seriedad en su quehacer académico es que siempre están innovando en las diferentes áreas de especialidad que desarrollan y sirven a los estudiantes, y en otros aspectos a la sociedad en general, como la extensión cultural y la responsabilidad social. La Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador (Utec) ha cultivado esa característica desde su fundación, hace 36 años (12 de junio de 1981). Cada quinquenio ha practicado un autoexamen y se ha proyectado para el siguiente; en su historia ha participado en autoestudios y ha sido acreditada y reacreditada, siendo objeto también del reconocimiento internacional, siempre teniendo presente la excelencia, tanto en la enseñanza como en la administración de los bienes, recursos y la estructura física y el sistema de seguridad, para que todos sus integrantes tengan éxito en sus labores y en sus respectivas vidas particulares: personal administrativo y docente, alumnos y por ende sus familias, trascendiendo así en la historia educativa del país. Sí, somos una universidad que trasciende. Dejar un legado de esta clase es algo que nos enorgullece y que compartimos con todos los que sea posible alcanzar con nuestra visión y misión institucionales en acción. En esta efeméride dejamos constancia de ello.Revista de Museología "Kóot" No.8 2017: i-ii
Reasons for presenteeism in nurses working in geriatric settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Fiorini Luke Anthony , Griffiths Amanda , Houdmont Jonathan
Published: May 2018

Objective: To explore the perceived causes of presenteeism in nurses on geriatric wards.Background: Presenteeism, defined as working when unwell, is associated with lost productivity and increased absenteeism. It is more commonly reported by employees in the healthcare sector than other sectors.Methods: An exploratory, qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, thematically analysed. Data collected via 18 recorded interviews with nurses working with patients on geriatric medical wards in Malta.Results: Four major themes emerged that related to nurses’ decisions to engage in presenteeism: illness perceptions, which included participants’ views and experiences of their own health complaints; attitudes to their employing organisation, co-workers and patients; organisational aspects such as culture and administrative arrangements; and personal reasons including illness behaviour preference and personal circumstances.Conclusions: Nurses’ decisions to attend work when unwell were reported as dependent upon four themes. Further studies are warranted to determine if findings are applicable to nurse populations other than those represented in this study.Implications: Workplace health promotion initiatives should target nurses’ management of their own health, particularly if they have chronic illnesses. Workplace policies and arrangements should be examined with a view to controlling presenteeism.
Synthesis and Characterization Antifungal Fluorine Substituted Fused Heterobicyclic Nitrogen Systems Containing 1,2,4-triazine Moiety
Authors: Ali Ola Ahmad Abu
Published: May 2018

Synthesis of some new full fluorinated heterobicyclic nitrogen systems containing 1,2,4-triazine moiety (4-10) have been deduced from heterocyclization of 6-(2'-trifluoroacetylamino)phenyl-3-(4'-fluorophenyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one (3) with active oxo / halo-compounds. Structure of the products have been established upon their elemental and spectral date. Most of these systems exhibited a good to moderate antifungal activities.
The Roman Elite from Constantine to Charlemagne
Authors: Noble Thomas F.X.
Published: May 2018

The Roman elite in the early fourth century comprised a landholding aristocracy that was deeply conscious of its status and privileges, anxious to preserve its distinctive culture, closely connected to the imperial court and often in possession of high office in the empire. In the five centuries that elapsed between Constantine and Charlemagne, the qualities and characteristics that defined the Roman elite changed dramatically in some ways and changed very little in other ways. By 800 the elite still held high office, but now almost exclusively in the church. The elite still valued rank and status but they were defined less by traditional Roman marks of distinction than by clerical office. If adherence to Rome’s classical culture marked the elite at one time, then devotion to the city’s Christian past marked it in another time. Landholding remained a constant but the scale of landed wealth declined over time. The great engines of change were the division of the empire and the disappearance of the western imperial regime; a series of wars – Gothic and Lombard, especially; the emergence and failure of a Byzantine administration around Rome; the Frankish presence in Italy; and the clericalization of Roman high culture.
Roman Senators and Absent Emperors in Late Antiquity
Authors: Humphries Mark
Published: May 2018

It is often assumed that the political fortunes of the city of Rome and of its élite, the Senate, decline in late antiquity. Such decline is attributed to emperors residing in other centers closer to the frontiers and to the inflation of senatorial status in the fourth century. This article argues, however, that the senators of Rome continued to see themselves as important participants in imperial high politics throughout the period. Such ambitions were ably demonstrated by Q. Aurelius Symmachus, whose role as senatorial ambassador to the imperial court was predicated on the basis that the Senate in Rome was still an important political institution. Similar ambitions motivated Roman senators to give active support to rival sides in political usurpations in the fourth century; this activity was advertised, moreover, by an impressive series of dedications set up in the Forum Romanum in close proximity to the Senate House itself. The climax of these aspirations came in the unstable circumstances of the fifth century when, for the first time in over a hundred years, Roman senators seated themselves on the imperial throne. Far from being a moribund political anachronism, then, the Senate in Rome continued to act as a major partner in the running of the Empire throughout the last centuries of Roman rule in the West.
"Circus Basilicas", "coemeteria subteglata" and church buildings in the suburbium of Rome
Authors: Lehman Tomas
Published: May 2018

Symbolic interpretations of ancient architectural forms have often been based solely on the study of their ground plans. Even today, archaeological research too seldom takes into account the fact that it is not possible to understand ancient architecture by studying ground plans alone, but that it is even more important to interpret and try to complete the surviving remains of the building in elevation, even though these are often poorly preserved. The ancient observer himself did not primarily take notice of the ground plan. The fact that this focus on ground plans can sometimes lead to serious misunderstandings and erroneous conclusions may be demonstrated by the example of the so-called Circus Basilicas in the suburbium of late antique Rome. It will be here shown, that these hall buildings can neither architecturally nor ideologically be connected with the circus. With the first comparative analysis of important (but often misunderstood) literary and epigraphic sources, the function of these halls will also be examined: it is not primarily a matter of roofed cemeteries (coemeteria subteglata), but of church-buildings, within which funerals may have taken place – as was possible also in other extra urban basilicas, for example, St. Peter’s.
Santa Costanza at Rome and the House of Constantine
Authors: Kleinbauer W. Eugene
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates the written documentary sources concerning the patronage or matronage of the exedra basilica associated with Saint Agnes on the Via Nomentana in Rome, next to which the present church of Santa Costanza was erected. The written sources suggest two possible women as the matrons of the basilica, both said to be daughters of the emperor Constantine the Great: Constantia and Constantina. The first tradition was established by an entry in the life of Bishop Sylvester in the Liber Pontificalis, the second by both Ammianus Marcellinus and an acrostic poem connected with the basilica. These documents are examined for their authenticity and historical veracity. This examination leads to a survey of imperial matronage in the fourth century, and while it is argued that the most likely matron of the women is Constantina, who married Gallus Caesar in 351, neither of these ladies can be shown to have erected the present Santa Costanza. Rather, construction of the latter, it will be posited, was most likely ordered by the emperor Constantius II (337-361), the brother of Constantina, to serve as an imperial dynastic mausoleum.
After 410
Authors: Richares Brilliant
Published: May 2018

This essay attempts to disqualify the date of 410, when Alaric sacked Rome, as a significant event in the history of art. It forms part of a much longer investigation of periodicity and its boundaries, especially with the respect to the nature of Late Antique art, ambivalently at the end of an artistic tradition and at the beginning of another.
Un dittico "Longobardo"
Authors: Bertelli Carlo
Published: May 2018

Il dittico del console Boezio (Roma, 487), padre del filosofo Severino Boezio, è conservato a Brescia nel monastero di Santa Giulia, fondato dal re Desiderio e dalla regina Ansa. Oltre che notevole esempio di dittico consolare d’avorio, il cimelio è importante per la scritta e per i due dipinti che appaiono al suo interno. È qui offerta la prima lettura completa del testo iscritto, il quale risulta essere una preghiera che raccomanda a Dio i vescovi cattolici e un gruppo di fedeli dai nomi germanici, probabilmente longobardi. La presenza di sant’Agostino fra i tre santi dipinti accredita la coincidenza con la traslazione delle reliquie del santo a Pavia. I due dipinti si dimostrano così frutto della committenza di membri della corte longobarda al tempo di Liutprando.
"When you behold these man, you see the whole year". A Study of Byzantine Pictorial Calendars, an Embryo of a Corpus
Authors: Åkerström-Hougen Gunilla
Published: May 2018

This is a presentation of ongoing research concerning Byzantine pictorial calendars. The Byzantine personifications of the months are unique in that they represent scenes from everyday life – a milieu for which the artist could find inspiration from his own surroundings, and also be free from the formulated language of the religious images. With a point of departure in the sixth-century Argos mosaic, the author presents a series of images up to the 15th century, all of which display a Byzantine iconography.
Likeness and Icon: The Imperial Couples in Hagia Sophia
Authors: Killerich Bente
Published: May 2018

The two imperial panels in the south gallery of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople are exceptional as they are the only large-scale 11th- and 12th-century images of rulers preserved in the capital city. One depicts Zoe and Constantine Monomachos, the other John Komneos and Irene. The present article reviews the mosaics mainly from the point of view of portraiture: how does the visual portrayal of imperial figures comply with the contemporary verbal description, foremost Michael Psellos’ descriptions of Zoe and her three husbands, and Anna Komnene’s portrayals in the Alexias. How did artists distinguish between imperial likeness and holy icon when portraying both within the same space? Another problem addressed is the refashioning of the Zoe panel.
Sepolcri in honorem, pitture ad infamiam e moente "a maggiore dispetto e vituperio". A proposito di immagini celebrative e infamanti nei Comuni toscani del tardo Medioevo
Authors: Barbavara Di Gravellona Tiziana
Published: May 2018

Da uno spoglio delle cronache citttadine contemporanee emerge un quadro abbastanza ricco circa l’ampio ventaglio di possibilità che i Comuni avevano a disposizione per rendere onore ad un capitano, un podestà, o a un cavaliere, o piuttosto per infamarlo, anche attraverso l’uso delle immagini. Con questo filo-guida si prenderanno in esame i casi noti anche solo dalle fonti di personalità pubbliche che sono state onorate dai Comuni toscani non solo in vita, ma anche e soprattutto post mortem, con funerali solenni e sepolcri ad comunis expensas; oppure, che sono state oggetto di pitture infamanti o di una qualche forma di damnatio memoriae. Sepolcri in honorem e pitture ad infamiam costituivano importanti veicoli di messaggi politici, come “manifesti” duraturi affissi all’interno degli spazi “sacri” delle chiese oppure più legati alla cronaca spicciola e dipinti in luoghi “profani” come le porte urbiche e le facciate degli edifici pubblici, vere e proprie vetrine della vita politica dei Comuni. In particolare, il monumento sepolcrale con la statua equestre doveva essere inteso, soprattutto in due città-guida come Firenze e Siena, come un semplice ma efficace mezzo di comunicazione politica alternativo alla pittura monumentale, un mezzo a cui le istituzioni comunali ricorrevano in casi particolari per indicare modelli da seguire e contemporaneamente celebrare loro stesse attraverso l’omaggio al singolo, così come fecero ad esempio per Piero da Farnese e per gli altri capitani di guerra e famosi condottieri che avevano ricoperto importanti incarichi militari al loro servizio. In questo contesto di uso politico delle immagini nell’ambito delle armi, la pittura infamante costituiva inevitabilmente il rovescio della stessa medaglia. Infine, si porrà attenzione ad un modo singolare di “colpire” non il singolo nemico o traditore di turno ma l’intera parte avversaria in battaglia, attraverso la coniazione di monete con immagini volutamente offensive e infamanti.
Aesthetic and metaphysical meaning in Lomazzo's writings on painting
Authors: Lapraik Guest Claire
Published: May 2018

No abstract
Arco di Costantino: tra continuità e innovazione
Authors: Pensabene Patrizio
Published: May 2018

La decisione del Senato romano di erigere un arco di trionfo per Costantino I richiedeva soluzioni legate a problemi sia ideologici che pratici. Dato che la vittoria di Costantino aveva posto fine non a una guerra contro i barbari “intrusi”, ma ad una guerra civile, si optò per la scelta di motivi iconografici piuttosto generici, atti ad esaltare le virtutes imperiali. Il fregio “storico” che narra la campagna contro Massenzio è abbastanza modesto, e non spicca nel quadro generale. Per questa parte dell’arco si affidò l’incarico a un’officina che lavorava per committenze private, segno che non esistevano più quelle spezializzate in opere pubbliche. Soltanto i rilievi reimpiegati erano marmi “statali”, prelevati da depositi o monumenti demoliti, con i ritratti originari sostituiti con quelli di Costantino e Costanzo Cloro. La stessa dialettica tra il vecchio e il nuovo si riscontra negli elementi decorativi, anche in quelli riutilizzati con integrazioni costantiniane dove gli originali non erano sufficienti. Grazie all’uso di tanti elementi riutilizzati l’arco si presenta come un monumento tradizionale nonostante il suo carattere per certi versi rivoluzionario.
Alcune osservazioni su Piranesi restauratore e sui Vasi e Candelabri: il recupero dell'Antico tra eredità culturale ed attività imprenditoriale
Authors: Bosso Raffaella
Published: May 2018

L’attività della bottega Piranesi, è stata spesso trascurata dai ricercatori, che l’hanno ritenuta un’attività secondaria dell’incisore, volta a mero scopo di lucro. Tuttavia, la produzione dei vari pastiches (candelabri, vasi, etc.) in marmo, permetteva a Piranesi di misurarsi con le opere antiche. I pastiches contenevano generalmente un nucleo antico, frammenti di rilievi decorativi che Piranesi si procurava da protagonisti del mercato antiquario contemporaneo. L’inglese Gavin Hamilton, che faceva degli scavi a Villa Adriana, sarebbe stato uno dei fornitori più importanti. L’attività di Piranesi quale creatore di vasi e candelabri “antichi” non può essere vista isolata dalla sua attività di architetto, teorico e polemista. In ambedue casi egli guardava al quadro generale: l’arredo doveva armonizzarsi con l’architettura, creando un effetto omogeneo totale. I pastiches di Piranesi erano dunque creazioni mirate, atte ad esprimere la stessa reinvenzione globale dell’Antico.
Child’s Play: Beauty for Roman Girls
Authors: D'Ambra Eve
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses on the representation of Roman girls in the visual arts of antiquity (portrait sculpture, reliefs on funerary altars, and the painted mummy portraits of Roman Egypt). Most of the portraits are funerary commemorations of maidens who died before their time and were memorialized in the form of portraits by their parents. Given the circumstances of childhood mortality and the timetable of funerary rituals, it is likely that the artists used conventional types to filter the deceased’s individual looks through standard formats or, better yet, to recast the girl as the woman she would have become by including more grown-up attributes. Finally, the paper turns to youthful ideals of beauty in the form of artifacts of material culture, the dolls with which the girls played at being grown-up.
Representations of the Antonine Empresses on the Nymphaeum in Olympia
Authors: Meyers Rachel
Published: May 2018

Although sculpted portraits often receive more scholarly attention than the statue bodies they were set into, the different types of statue bodies can reveal more information about the portrait statue as a whole. This paper examines the Nymphaeum in Olympia, a monument which originally included an impressive array of statues of the imperial family as well as the family of its commissioner, Herodes Atticus. By analyzing the statue type of each individual represented, I show that, although the male members of the imperial family may be easily distinguished from those of Herodes’ family according to the type of clothing worn, the female statues cannot be so readily identified. Female garments could be worn in numerous ways, producing subtle variations in the statues too. In order to differentiate the imperial form non-imperial women represented on the Nymphaeum, it is necessary to examine the hairstyle and to compare other examples of the same statues types. I argue that the statues types of imperial women – with regard to their pose, costume, and positioning within the monument – reflect a desire of the imperial family at this time to promote the younger generations and, in doing so, to declare the continuing prosperity of the empire.
The Female Hunter and other Examples of Change of Sex and Gender on Roman Sarcophaugs Reliefs
Authors: Sande Siri
Published: May 2018

This article deals with a small group of Roman sarcophagi with representations of the deceased, where the head is of a different sex than the body. Some of the sarcophagi seem to have been made for the purpose, while others were reused. In the case of the latter, a preference seems to have been shown for sarcophagi where the face of the deceased was merely blocked out and was rendered in paint. The heads in such cases would have furnished enough material to carve out a new face. Both men and women may change their sex, but it is here argued that while a woman could place her head on a male body without any other alterations, the men’s case was different. They generally had to alter the gestures and/or position of the body as well, presumably to avoid the suggestions of passivity which were inherent in many representations of the female.
Imperial Female Patronage in the Komnenian Era
Authors: Dimitropoulou Vassiliki
Published: May 2018

This paper explores the question of religous imperial female patronage in the Komneian era (11th and 12th centuries Byzantium). It will examine projects of monastic foundation and the patronage of smaller scale objects such as religious artefacts, with a view to investigating the role of female patrons, the patterns of patronage and the motives behind the activities of imperial women. In addition to the spiritual and afterlife concerns, which were the most prominent motives, family, economic and other more personal considerations were also part of the motivation behind these acts of patronage. The involvement of Komnenian imperial women in religious patronage indicates that they had access to financial resources, which they carefully used not only to gain spiritual benefits but also to enhance their social standing and prestige.
Donne splendide: some thoughts on women's acquisition of useful and ornamental objects in the Reinassance
Authors: Tinagli Paola
Published: May 2018

The aim of this article is to examine, through fifteenth- and sixteenth-century documents, the ways in which donne di palazzo were important agents in the display of wealth and of beautiful objects. By their commissions and their purchases, but also with their dowries and inheritances, these women showed that splendore, one of the ‘social virtues’ that were considered an essential part in the life of the wealthy and sophisticated elite, was not just a male quality. The documents also demonstrate the ways in which women like Eleonora d’Aragona, Isabella and Beatrice d’Este, Elisabetta Gonzaga, Eleonora di Toledo and others helped to shape the style of the period.
Becoming articulate: women writing on the visual arts in Renaissance Italy
Authors: Rogers Mary
Published: May 2018

Despite continuing interest in the contribution made by women to the material culture of Renaissance Italy, little attention has been devoted to their writings on the subject, although there is much material, both informal and intended for publication. This paper will attempt a preliminary charting of the area, by selecting letters and poems from c1450-1580 by a range of women which speak of actual or fictional artifacts. Although these are predominantly from those categories of objects which especially appealed to women in the period, namely small devotional works, textiles and portraits, the primary aim will not be to argue for a specifically feminine taste influenced by social and cultural factors. Rather, the paper will try to place women’s writing within the context of a developing critical language for discussing the art of which at least some women could be aware. Three broad phases will be identified within this evolving discourse.
Sacra privata in the Roman domus Private or Public? A Study of Household Shrines in an Architectural Context at Pompeii and Ostia
Authors: Brandt J. Rasmus
Published: May 2018

The household shrines, or lararia, in private dwelling houses at Pompeii and Ostia are discessed according to the following parameters: type of lararia and their orientation, the rooms/spaces in which the lararia appear in the house, major movement lines within the house, deep-view axes and other viewed lines, the size of the houses, and the region in which the houses are situated. The aim of this paper is forst, from a synchronic point of view, to investigate which types of lararia were placed in what architectural contexts, in a private or public position, within the house. Then a diachronic view is adopted to see if there are changes over time. A tabular catalogue of all lararia registered in private dwelling houses at Pompeii and at Ostia is appended.
Visual Splendour and Verbal Argument in Romanesque Golden Altars
Authors: Aavitsland Kristin B.
Published: May 2018

This paper considers Latin inscriptions found on the prominent gilded metal altars from Scandinavia (c. 1130-c. 1220), aiming to discuss the possible intentions behind them and their reception by those who may have been their readers. Being highly representative of Romanesque liturgical art, the inscriptions of the Scandinavian altars are of two categories: either short, descriptive tituli identifying depicted figures or scenes or metric verses of more sophisticated, theological content. The paper discusses both types, considering their visual appearance, verbal rhetoric, and interplay with iconography. Some conclusions are drawn that may be valid for liturgical epigraphy in general. Then follows a discussion of the inscriptions of one specific altar, the spectacular frontal from Stadil Church in Denmark. Related to inscriptions on light and splendor in Rome, Saint-Denis and elsewhere, the Stadil inscription also comments on the act of reading and beholding, giving the images the pride of place above the written world. The interpretation suggested in this paper contributes to the discussion of word/image-relations in medieval religious thinking.
Coptic Stuccoes at Santa Maria Antiqua
Authors: Knipp David
Published: May 2018

This paper deals with a part of the decoration in the presbytery of S. Maria Antiqua in Rome, which has as yet remained in the shadow of the famous early medieval wall-paintings: the stucco-relief frieze that was employed as a running pattern on the eastern and western walls. A Coptic style may be recognized in these stucchi which, as is proposed, were executed by recent immigrants from Egypt in Rome at the time of the church’s foundation in the late 6th century.
Du Bellay, poet of Rome, in Rome
Authors: Mo Gro Bjørnerud
Published: May 2018

This paper examines the representations of Rome in the poetry of Joachim Du Belly. During his stay in Rome from 1553-1557, the poet writes four collections of poetry that he publishes upon his return to France. Du Bellay’s real and poetic persona describes the voyage to an exile in Rome through his own experience and by different means of imitation. The places he depicts are both real and idealized, both sites and sights. Visibility in writing is assured by enargeia, a rhetoric figure that makes readers believe that they see what they read. Du Bellay ostensibly exploits this possibility. He also makes ample use of another rhetoric device, antonomasia. This figure allows the poet to transgress the lines between proper and common names and to expose the quest for “Rome in Rome” by combining images of ancient splendor and present decay. The main objective is to examine how the portrait of Rome, both by fictions and facts, informs the shaping of Renaissance France.