bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coming to Our Senses
Authors: Klein Sheri R.
Published: March 2017

Drawing upon phenomenological and arts-based approaches, the author explores everyday encounters with landscapes that call attention to the potential of place as sites for evoking mindfulness and transformative learning experiences. Theoretical perspectives within and across art education, aesthetics, contemplative education, holistic education, and transformative education inform the inquiry into two selected everyday landscapes. Arguing that aesthetic experience can evoke transformative learning, the author proposes and models a three-step model and arts-based methods for exploring and interpreting place that support the development of awareness/consciousness, discernment, and integration. Insights garnered from the author’s experiences with everyday places are discussed in the context of transformative learning. Implications of the model for other contexts are explored.
The Place of Social Learning and Social Movement in Transformative Learning
Authors: Westoby Peter , Lyons Kristen
Published: March 2017

This article analyses the sustainability school (SS) program of the National Association of Professional Environmentalists (NAPE), Uganda. The focus is on how the social network, enabled by the SS program, fosters social and transformative learning. The significance of this approach to community-based education for social change, including in the context of resource conflict and displacement, is considered. Findings focus on the local-level impacts of the program, including the ways in which collective and community organizing, and educational methodology shape both social and transformative learning. Discussion considers the importance of not only the “social” element of transformative learning but the need—within conflict and dangerous contexts—to link the social explicitly to building organization and a social movement that provides a structural container for people to engage in critical thinking and social action.
Current Trends in the Management of Ballistic Fractures of the Hand and Wrist: Experiences of a High-Volume Level I Trauma Center
Authors: Ghareeb Paul A. , Daly Charles , Liao Albert , Payne Diane
Published: March 2017

Background: Ballistic fractures of the carpus and hand are routinely treated in large urban centers. These injuries can be challenging due to many factors. Various treatment options exist for these complicated injuries, but there are limited data available. This report analyzes patient demographics, treatments, and outcomes at a large urban trauma center. Methods: All ballistic fractures of the hand and wrist of the patients who presented to a single center from 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, injury mechanism, treatment modalities, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Seventy-seven patients were identified; 70 were male, and 7 were female. Average age of the patients was 29.6 years. Seventy-five injuries were low velocity, whereas 2 were high velocity. Sixty-seven patients had fractures of a metacarpal or phalanx, whereas 4 had isolated carpal injuries. Six had combined carpal and metacarpal or phalanx fractures. Thirty-six patients had concomitant tendon, nerve, or vascular injuries requiring repair. Sixty-three patients underwent operative intervention, with the most common intervention being percutaneous fixation. Sixteen patients required secondary surgery. Eighteen complications were reported. Conclusions: The majority of patients in this report underwent early operative intervention with percutaneous fixation. Antibiotics were administered in almost all cases and can usually be discontinued within 24 hours after surgery. It is important to consider concomitant nerve, vascular, or tendon injuries requiring repair. We recommend early treatment of these injuries with debridement and stabilization. Due to lack of follow-up and patient noncompliance, early definitive treatment with primary bone grafting should be considered.
The dynamic analysis of a chaotic system
Authors: Wang Shao Fu , Xu Da-zhuan
Published: March 2017

A three-dimensional chaotic system which contains different parameters is proposed in this article. By applying numerical and analytical methods, the basic properties of the system, such as dynamical behaviors, dissipation, sensitivity, power spectrum, Poincaré map, and Lyapunov exponents, are investigated. In addition, the existence of both Hopf bifurcation and topological horseshoe is presented. The obtained results clearly show that this is a new chaotic system.
Numerical simulation study on erosion mechanism of pre-mixed abrasive water jet
Authors: Meng Junqing , Wei Qingen , Ma Yechao
Published: March 2017

In order to optimize the parameters of the pre-mixed abrasive water jet cutting technology and make it more efficient in the coal mine gas environment, finite element analysis software LS-DYNA is used to simulate single abrasive particle of rock erosion rule and analyze the influence of different particle size, different grinding particle impact velocity, different abrasive particle shape on rock erosion effect. The results show that under the same conditions, the greater the impact velocity, the better the erosion effect, and the erosion rate of abrasive particles is almost linear with the erosion rate of rock. With an increase in velocity of abrasive particles, the erosion rate of cube shape of abrasive particles is gradually higher than that of spherical particles of abrasive. The larger the particle size of abrasive particles, the bigger the kinetic energy of them and also the erosion depth and erosion volume on the rock and steel. But when the particle size increases, the erosion rate of abrasive particles on the rock will decrease gradually. The research results provide theoretical basis for optimizing the parameters of pre-mixed abrasive water jet cutting.
Electrical contact resistance and wear of a dynamically excited metal–graphite brush
Authors: Turel Aleš , Slavič Janko , Boltežar Miha
Published: March 2017

The wear and contact resistance of sliding contacts are typically researched with a pin-on-disk experiment that prevents dynamic excitation. However, in electrical machines, the brush clearance enables dynamic excitation, resulting in flexible body dynamics. To research the wear and contact resistance during dynamical excitation, an in-situ experimental approach is introduced here, with the influences of rotational speed, electrical current, and temperature being assessed. This research shows that a small wear rate and contact resistance are possible at 10,000 and 5000 RPM if the electrical current is higher than 3 A. It was also found that the contact resistance decreased with an increased ambient temperature, electrical current, and rotating speed, whereas the wear rate increased with the rotating speed at low current density and low ambient temperature.
The optimal clamping force option for robotic drilling of stacked aluminum sheets based on shell theory
Authors: Lei Changyi , Li Cong , Bi Yunbo , Li Jiangxiong
Published: March 2017

In aircraft assembly, the influence of interlayer burr formation in drilling of stacked metal sheets is an important problem. This article aims to develop a deeply understanding of the relationship between the clamping force and interlayer burr formation. The minimum clamping force, which would just make the stacked sheets entirely contact each other, is considered as the optimal clamping force. Hence, the additional deformation would appear at the contact region when the clamping force keeps rising up. The optimal clamping force is obtained first through theoretical calculation. Then, numerical simulations and experimental verifications are conducted. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis based on shell theory.
A pair of step-climbing units for a manual wheelchair user: Passing over several steps using a pair of portable slopes
Authors: Mori Yoshikazu , Katsumura Kaoru , Nagase Katsuya
Published: March 2017

We have developed a pair of step-climbing units that can be installed on a standard manual wheelchair. Many wheelchair users hope to lead an independent life without assistance. The target users of these units are those who can independently lift the front casters of their wheelchairs. The units are installed on the back frames of a wheelchair. Each unit comprises two actuators and has 2 degrees of freedom: telescopic motion and rotational motion. They are lightweight and do not prevent the wheelchair from being folded. Therefore, it is still relatively easy to load a wheelchair fixed with these units into a car. In our earlier project, these units addressed the problem of climbing a single step. In this article, we primarily discuss a strategy that enables wheelchair users to climb stairs comprising multiple steps. We additionally use a pair of portable slopes to achieve this task. Results of experiments where users traveled on a pair of slopes that covered a height of 30 cm over two steps confirm the effectiveness of the design.
Mechanism design of a robotic chair/bed system for bedridden aged
Authors: Ning Meng , Ren Mengxi , Fan Qinglin , Zhang Lizhi
Published: March 2017

A robotic chair/bed system for assisting bedridden aged for their independent life in bed is developed and tested. This robotic system can assist bedridden people to lead a relatively independent life, so as to relieve the burdens for their families and healthcare personnel. The robotic chair/bed system consists of a reconfigurable and omnidirectional mobile chair/bed and a U-shaped bed. The wheelchair can be docked to the U-shaped bed and reconfigured to a static bed for transportation between chair and bed. A six-wheel omnidirectional vehicle is used for the chair/bed. The bed is equipped with a mechanism for repositioning a rigid body with a flexible sheet to alleviate bedsores and other ailments. Through the teleconferencing facility on the bed, the bedridden patient is supervised and assisted all the time by the distal caregiver. The design concept of the chair/bed system is described in short. The mechanism design and analysis of the vehicle, the flipping-body function, and the chair/bed are discussed. The issue of the docking control is addressed. A prototype system is designed and tested. The technical feasibility is verified.
Intra-renal splenosis mimicking a solid renal mass
Authors: Neufeld Ethan A , Sekhon Simran , Gerscovich Eugenio O
Published: March 2017

We present the case of a young woman found to have an exophytic solid renal mass who was referred to our institution for ablation of said mass versus partial nephrectomy. The patient had a history of splenectomy. Ultrasound demonstrated a homogeneous solid left renal mass, and the diagnosis of intra-renal splenosis was considered based on the patient’s history. The diagnosis was confirmed using Tc-99 m heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy, obviating the need for an invasive procedure. The diagnosis of intra-renal splenosis should be considered for a solid renal mass with an appropriate history of prior splenic trauma or splenectomy.
Phases in the junior-to-senior transition of Swedish ice hockey players: From a conceptual framework to an empirical model
Authors: Stambulova Natalia B , Pehrson Sebastian , Olsson Kasper
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore a temporal structure (i.e. sequence of phases and relevant psychological content) of the junior-to-senior transition in Swedish ice hockey players. The study was a qualitative exploration of the junior-to-senior transition process designed in three steps. First, the athletic career transition model coupled with a holistic developmental approach and analysis of the Swedish ice hockey context were used to create a conceptual four-phase (preparation, orientation, adaptation and stabilization) junior-to-senior transition framework and interview guides. Second, seven active semi-professional ice hockey players were interviewed about their junior-to-senior transition experiences and asked for their feedback on the conceptual framework. Finally, based on the empirical data and the participants’ feedback, the conceptual framework was transformed into an empirical model of the junior-to-senior transition. In the empirical model ‘Phases in the junior-to-senior transition of Swedish ice hockey players’, the authors provided a summary of the players’ transition experiences (i.e. perceived demands, resources, barriers, coping strategies and outcomes) within each of the four (i.e. the preparation, the orientation, the adaptation and the stabilization) junior-to-senior transition phases. Further, the authors discussed the empirical model in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research and also provided methodology-, future research- and practice-oriented reflections addressed to researchers, coaches and sport psychology practitioners.
CCR-2 neutralization augments murine fresh BMC activation by Staphylococcus aureus via two distinct mechanisms: at the level of ROS production and cytokine response
Authors: Nandi Ajeya , Bishayi Biswadev
Published: March 2017

CCR-2 signaling regulates recruitment of monocytes from the bone marrow into the bloodstream and then to sites of infection. We sought to determine whether CCL-2/CCR-2 signaling is involved in the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by murine bone marrow cells (BMCs). The intermittent link of reactive oxygen species (ROS)–NF-κB/p38–MAPK-mediated CCL-2 production in CCR-2 signaling prompted us to determine whether neutralization of CCR-2 augments the response of murine fresh BMCs (FBMCs) after S. aureus infection. It was observed that anti-CCR-2 Ab-treated FBMCs released fewer ROS on encountering S. aureus infection than CCR-2 non-neutralized FBMCs, also correlating with reduced killing of S. aureus in CCR-2 neutralized FBMCs. Staphylococcal catalase and SOD were also found to play a role in protecting S. aureus from the ROS-mediated killing of FBMC. S. aureus infection of CCR-2 intact FBMCs pre-treated with either NF-κB or p-38-MAPK blocker induced less CCL-2, suggesting that NF-κB or p-38-MAPK is required for CCL-2 production by FBMCs. Moreover, blocking of CCR-2 along with NF-κB or p-38-MAPK resulted in elevated CCL-2 production and reduced CCR-2 expression. Inhibition of CCR-2 impairs the response of murine BMCs to S. aureus infection by attenuation ROS production and modulating the cytokine response.
Beyond the player: A user-centered approach to analyzing digital games and players using actor-network theory
Authors: Hung Aaron Chia Yuan
Published: March 2017

The paper uses actor-network theory (ANT) to analyze the sociotechnical networks of three groups of adolescents who played online games in different physical and social contexts. These include: an internet café, which allowed the players to be co-present; a personal laptop, which gave the player more control over how he played; and at home through game consoles using Xbox Live, which let the players communicate with one another through a headset. Using ethnographic research methods, I describe how their decisions about when, with whom and how they played were shaped by different sets of circumstances that were connected to real world issues and constraints. The ANT analysis focuses on three dimensions: network assemblage (what humans, technologies and routines need to be in place for them to play); translation (what holds their network together, and how these networks can be disrupted); and multiplicity (what other actor-networks exist that affect their play experience, in-game strategies and relationships). Finally, I conclude by reflecting on research on games and learning, and argue that it is important to avoid over-generalizing what makes up “games” and “players” because different players are part of different actor-networks, and that understanding these networks help us understand how games fit into the lives of those who play them.
Negotiating identities and communities: Unheard voices of Korean immigrant parents and young children
Authors: Yu Hae Min
Published: March 2017

This study examines social narratives of Korean immigrant families with their young children focusing on how Korean immigrant families describe themselves based on their ethnic community experiences. This study helps uncover their dynamic identities as a Korean, which cannot be bound by a single level of racial identity development. The findings indicate that the parents repeatedly expressed strong resistance against certain stereotypes attributed to their ethnic group, problematizing such stereotypes and critically consciously setting themselves apart, different from the label of “Typical Korean,” whereas the children showed a firm and positive perspective toward their ethnic and sociocultural identity as either Korean or Korean American. Findings suggest that immigrant parents may pay more careful attention building strong and healthy communities where children can develop a positive sense of identity. This study also sheds light on diverse aspects that have not yet been emphasized in the research on how the Korean families negotiate their identities and communities while living as immigrants.
Metabolic and Functional Evaluation of the Heart and Lungs in Pulmonary Hypertension by Gated 2‐[18F]‐Fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Saygin Didem , Highland Kristin B. , Farha Samar , Park Margaret , Sharp Jacqueline , Roach Emir Charles , Tang W.H. Wilson , Thomas James D. , Erzurum Serpil C. , Neumann Donald R. , DiFilippo Frank P.
Published: March 2017

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with a metabolic shift towards glycolysis in both the right ventricle and lung. This results in increased glucose uptake to compensate for the lower energy yield of glycolysis, which creates a potential for 2‐[18F] fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to be a useful tool in the evaluation of participants with PH. We investigated the utility of PET for PH by comparing FDG‐PET uptake in the right ventricle and lungs in 30 participants with PH and eight healthy controls and correlating these measurements with echocardiographic (ECHO) measurements and other traditional assessments commonly used in PH. All participants underwent gated FDG‐PET scanning in the fasting state, ECHO, six‐minute walk test (6MWT), and blood draw for NT‐proBNP. Participants also completed the CAMPHOR questionnaire. Right ventricular (RV) end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes, RV ejection fraction, and FDG uptake by PET were significantly different between PH and healthy controls and strongly correlated with plasma NT‐proBNP levels and RV ECHO parameters including TAPSE, RV systolic pressure, Tei index, and global peak systolic strain. In addition, lung standardized uptake value (SUV) was also found to be significantly higher in participants with PH than healthy controls. However, lung SUV did not show any significant correlations with NT‐proBNP levels, 6MWT, or functional and pressure measurements by ECHO. In this study, we demonstrated the ability to evaluate both lung and right heart metabolism and function in PH by using a single gated FDG‐PET scan.
Estrogen receptor‐dependent attenuation of hypoxia‐induced changes in the lung genome of pulmonary hypertension rats
Authors: Frump Andrea L. , Albrecht Marjorie E. , McClintick Jeanette N. , Lahm Tim
Published: March 2017

17β‐estradiol (E2) exerts complex and context‐dependent effects in pulmonary hypertension. In hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH), E2 attenuates lung vascular remodeling through estrogen receptor (ER)‐dependent effects; however, ER target genes in the hypoxic lung remain unknown. In order to identify the genome regulated by the E2‐ER axis in the hypoxic lung, we performed a microarray analysis in lungs from HPH rats treated with E2 (75 mcg/kg/day) ± ER‐antagonist ICI182,780 (3 mg/kg/day). Untreated HPH rats and normoxic rats served as controls. Using a false discovery rate of 10%, we identified a significantly differentially regulated genome in E2‐treated versus untreated hypoxia rats. Genes most upregulated by E2 encoded matrix metalloproteinase 8, S100 calcium binding protein A8, and IgA Fc receptor; genes most downregulated by E2 encoded olfactory receptor 63, secreted frizzled‐related protein 2, and thrombospondin 2. Several genes affected by E2 changed in the opposite direction after ICI182,780 co‐treatment, indicating an ER‐regulated genome in HPH lungs. The bone morphogenetic protein antagonist Grem1 (gremlin 1) was upregulated by hypoxia, but found to be among the most downregulated genes after E2 treatment. Gremlin 1 protein was reduced in E2‐treated versus untreated hypoxic animals, and ER‐blockade abolished the inhibitory effect of E2 on Grem1 mRNA and protein. In conclusion, E2 ER‐dependently regulates several genes involved in proliferative and inflammatory processes during hypoxia. Gremlin 1 is a novel target of the E2‐ER axis in HPH. Understanding the mechanisms of E2 gene regulation in HPH may allow for selectively harnessing beneficial transcriptional activities of E2 for therapeutic purposes.
Equity Investment Decisions: Determinants for Retail Investors
Authors: Choudhary Sangita
Published: March 2017

Evolution and rationale of management lies in making choices for building the most of resources that are limited in availability. Money is taken as the one amongst the most scarce resources. Therefore, decisions relating to money are taken with extreme caution. Investing is an activity that leads to sacrifice of current consumption of money to some future period with an intention of accumulating some economic value in the meanwhile. Investment in equity has its own specific characteristics. Since individuals differ from each other, retail perspective brings in more complexity to equity investment by adding the element of subjectivity to it. The purpose of this article is to identify variables and their inter-relationships that turn into selection or rejection of equity as an investment avenue by retail investors. It is an attempt to analyze various factors that contribute toward the decision of investing or not investing in equity. Sixteen factors using literature and expert opinion were identified. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is applied for developing a generally relevant framework that establishes relationship among these variables. Further, these variables are identified to be operational, strategic, and outcome variables. The developed framework can be used for optimizing the outcome variables for enhancing the investment efficiency.
Communicating Organizational Identity as Part of the Legitimation Process: A Case Study of Small Firms in an Emerging Field
Authors: Huang-Horowitz Nell C. , Evans Sandra K.
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to assess how small firms communicate their organizational identity (OI) as part of the legitimation process and (b) to explore communicated values as expressions of OI. Using nanotechnology as an emerging field context, the authors conducted interviews with managers from 23 small firms and analyzed the identity values expressed in company communication materials using computerized content analysis. The findings demonstrated a clear focus on gaining legitimacy by emphasizing social recognition and fitting in. Three paradoxes emerged as follows: being adaptable yet focused; being cutting edge yet traditional; and developing new products, yet ones that fit in with existing products. We propose that in addition to serving as expressions of firms’ OI, values can also drive the strategic communication of OI and may provide resolutions to these paradoxes. We introduce the term complex dynamic organizational identity to describe the way firms use multiple, fluid, and dynamic organizational identities as a component of strategic communication with stakeholders. We argue that firms should take a more active role in constructing a complex dynamic OI as a strategic approach to facing paradoxes and improving internal and external communication.
The Power and Challenge of Facilitating Reframing: Applications in Teaching Negotiation
Authors: Cannon Mark D.
Published: March 2017

Reframing is the ability to identify and significantly change assumptions or perspectives. It is a powerful skill but can be difficult to learn and apply. This article presents two experiential exercises for teaching reframing in negotiations: the Rental Home case and the Multiplex Saw case. These exercises are designed to produce frame-shifting experiences (“aha” moments). The Rental Home case focuses broadly on the frames about the accuracy of perceptions. More specifically, there is a natural human bias toward believing that “reality is what I see” versus “much of what I believe is objective reality is actually just my perception.” The Multiplex Saw case focuses on frames related to inventing options for mutual gain or what might be described as “expanding the pie.” People tend to be biased toward framing negotiations as zero sum, which inhibits their ability to engage in creative, integrative bargaining.
Efficacy of early cognitive-linguistic treatment for aphasia due to stroke: A randomised controlled trial (Rotterdam Aphasia Therapy Study-3)
Authors: Nouwens Femke , de Lau Lonneke ML , Visch-Brink Evy G , van de Sandt-Koenderman WME (Mieke) , Lingsma Hester F , Goosen Sylvia , Blom Dineke MJ , Koudstaal Peter J , Dippel Diederik WJ
Published: March 2017

Introduction

One third of patients with acute stroke have aphasia. The majority receive speech and language therapy. There is evidence for a beneficial effect of speech and language therapy on restoring communication, but it is unknown whether and how efficacy of speech and language therapy is influenced by timing of treatment. We studied whether speech and language therapy early after stroke by way of intensive cognitive-linguistic treatment is more effective than no speech and language therapy in the Rotterdam Aphasia Therapy Study-3, a multicentre randomised single-blind trial.

Methods and patients

Stroke patients with first-ever aphasia were randomised within 2 weeks of onset to either 4 weeks of early intensive cognitive-linguistic treatment (1 h/day) or no language treatment. Hereafter, both groups received regular speech and language therapy. Primary outcome was the score on the Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test, measuring everyday verbal communication, 4 weeks after randomisation. Secondary outcomes were Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test at 3 and 6 months. The study was powered to detect a clinically relevant difference of four points on the Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test.

Results

Of the 152 included patients, 80 patients were allocated to intervention. Median treatment intensity in the intervention-group was 24.5 h. The adjusted difference between groups in mean Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test-scores 4 weeks after randomisation was 0.39, 95% confidence interval: [−2.70 to 3.47], p = 0.805. No statistically significant differences were found at 3 and 6 months after randomisation either.

Conclusion

Four weeks of intensive cognitive-linguistic treatment initiated within 2 weeks of stroke is not more effective than no language treatment for the recovery of post-stroke aphasia. Our results exclude a clinically relevant effect of very early cognitive-linguistic treatment on everyday language.
Patients with acute stroke are less likely to be admitted directly to a stroke unit when hospital beds are scarce: A Swedish multicenter register study
Authors: Darehed David , Norrving Bo , Stegmayr Birgitta , Zingmark Karin , Blom Mathias C.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

It is well established that managing patients with acute stroke in dedicated stroke units is associated with improved functioning and survival. The objectives of this study are to investigate whether patients with acute stroke are less likely to be directly admitted to a stroke unit from the Emergency Department when hospital beds are scarce and to measure variation across hospitals in terms of this outcome.

Patients and methods

This register study comprised data on patients with acute stroke admitted to 14 out of 72 Swedish hospitals in 2011–2014. Data from the Swedish stroke register were linked to administrative daily data on hospital bed occupancy (measured at 6 a.m.). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between bed occupancy and direct stroke unit admission.

Results

A total of 13,955 hospital admissions were included; 79.6% were directly admitted to a stroke unit from the Emergency Department. Each percentage increase in hospital bed occupancy was associated with a 1.5% decrease in odds of direct admission to a stroke unit (odds ratio = 0.985, 95% confidence interval = 0.978–0.992). The best-performing hospital exhibited an odds ratio of 3.8 (95% confidence interval = 2.6–5.5) for direct admission to a stroke unit versus the reference hospital.

Discussion and conclusion

We found an association between hospital crowding and reduced quality of care in acute stroke, portrayed by a lower likelihood of patients being directly admitted to a stroke unit from the Emergency Department. The magnitude of the effect varied considerably across hospitals.
Bohseite, ideally Ca4Be4Si9O24(OH4, from the Piława Górna quarry, the Góry Sowie Block, SW Poland
Authors: Szełęg E. , Zuzens B. , Hawthorne F. C. , Pieczka A. , Szuszkiewicz A. , Turniak K. , Nejbert K. , Ilnicki S. S. , Friis H. , Makovicky E. , Weller M. T. , Lemée-Cailleau M.-H.
Published: March 2017

Bohseite is an orthorhombic calcium beryllium aluminosilicate with variable Al content and an endmember formula Ca4Be4Si9O24(OH4), that was discovered in the Piława Górna quarry in the eastern part of the Góry Sowie Block, ∼50 km southwest of Wrocław, SW Poland. It occurs in a zoned anatectic pegmatite dyke in close association with microcline, Cs-rich beryl, phenakite, helvite, 'lepidolite', probably bertrandite and unidentified Be-containing mica as alteration products after a primary Be mineral, probably beryl. Bohseite forms fan-like or parallel aggregates (up to 0.7 cm) of white, platy crystals (up to 2 mm long) with characteristic striations. It is white with a white streak, is translucent and has a vitreous lustre; it does not fluoresce under ultraviolet light. The cleavage is perfect on {001} and fair on {010}, and neither parting nor twinning was observed. Bohseite is brittle with a splintery fracture and Mohs hardness is 5–6. The calculated density is 2.719 g cm–3. The indices of refraction are α= 1.579, β = 1.580,γ = 1.597, all ±0.002; 2Vobs = 24(3)°, 2Vcalc = 27°; the optic orientation is as follows: X ^a= 16.1°, Y ^b= 16.1°, Z //cBohseite shows orthorhombic diffraction symmetry, space groupCmcm,a= 23.204(6),b= 4.9442(9),c= 19.418(6) Å,V= 2227.7(4) Å3,Z= 4. The crystal structure was refined to anR1value of 2.17% based on single-crystal data, and the chemical composition was determined by electron-microprobe analysis. Bohseite is isostructural with bavenite. Bohseite was originally approved with an end-member composition of Ca4Be3AlSi9O25(OH)3, but subsequent discovery of compositions with Be > 3.0 apfu led to redefinition of its end-member composition, holotype sample and locality, as reported here. There is extensive solid solution in bavenite–bohseite according to the schemeO(2)OH–+T(4)Si4++T(3)Be2+↔O(2)O2–+T(4)Al3++T(3)Si4+, and a general formula for the bavenite–bohseite minerals may be written as Ca4BexSi9Al4–xO28–x(OH)x, where x ranges from 2–4 apfu: Ca4Be2Si9Al2O26(OH)2(bavenite) to Ca4Be4Si9O24(OH)4(bohseite).
Eleonorite, Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4·6H2O: validation as a mineral species and new data
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Aksenov Sergey M. , Rastsvetaeva Ramiza K. , Schäfer Christof , Pekov Igor V. , Belakovskiy Dmitriy I. , Scholz Ricardo , de Oliveira Luiz C.A. , Britvin Sergey N.
Published: March 2017

Eleonorite, ideally Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4·6H2O, the analogue of beraunite Fe2+Fe53+(PO4)4O(OH)5·6H2O with Fe2+ completely substituted by Fe3+, has been approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification as a mineral species (IMA 2015-003). The mineral was first described on material from the Eleonore Iron mine, Dünsberg, near Giessen, Hesse, Germany, but during this study further samples were required and a neotype locality is the Rotläufchen mine, Waldgirmes, Wetzlar, Hesse, Germany, where eleonorite is associated with goethite, rockbridgeite, dufrénite, kidwellite, variscite, matulaite, planerite, cacoxenite, strengite and wavellite. Usually eleonorite occurs as red-brown prismatic crystals up to 0.2 mm × 0.5 mm × 3.5 mm in size and in random or radial aggregates up to 5 mm across encrusting cavities in massive 'limonite'. The mineral is brittle. Its Mohs hardness is 3. Dmeas = 2.92(1), Dcalc = 2.931 g cm–3. The IR spectrum is given. Eleonorite is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.765(4), β = 1.780(5), γ = 1.812(6), 2Vmeas = 75(10)°, 2Vcalc = 70°. The chemical composition (electron microprobe data, H2O analysed by chromatography of products of ignition at 1200°C, wt.%) is: Al2O3 1.03, Mn2O3 0.82, Fe2O3 51.34, P2O5 31.06, H2O 16.4, total 99.58. All iron was determined as being trivalent from a Mössbauer analysis. The empirical formula (based on 27 O apfu) is (Fe5.763+Al0.18Mn0.093+)∑6.03(PO4)3.92O(OH)4.34·5.98H2O. The crystal structure (R = 0.0633) is similar to that of beraunite and is based on a heteropolyhedral framework formed by M(1–4)Ø6-octahedra (where M = Fe3+; Ø = O2–, OH– or H2O) and isolated PO4 tetrahedra, with a wide channel occupied by H2O molecules. Eleonorite is monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 20.679(10), b = 5.148(2), c = 19.223(9) Å, β = 93.574(9)°, V = 2042.5(16) Å3 and Z = 4. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I,%) (Hkl)] are 10.41 (100) (200), 9.67 (38) (002), 7.30 (29) (202̄), 4.816 (31) (111, 004), 3.432 (18) (600, 114, 404, 313), 3.197 (18) (510, 511̄, 006, 314̄, 602), 3.071 (34) (314, 115̄).
Genetic significance of zircon in orthogneisses from Sierra Nevada (Betic Cordillera, Spain)
Authors: Ruiz-Cruz M. D. , de Galdeano C. Sanz
Published: March 2017

Zircon from two types of orthogneisses (inheritance-rich and inheritance-poor) from Sierra Nevada (Betic Cordillera, Spain) was investigated by integrating U–Pb geochronology, cathodoluminescence and back-scattered SEM imaging, laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses and Raman spectroscopy to examine the conditions of magmatic zircon growth and the variable extent and mechanisms of the Alpine modifications. Zircon from inheritance-rich gneiss consists of two main domains: inherited (Neoproterozoic-to-Early Paleozoic and Devonian) cores and magmatic overgrowths, which provided 206Pb/238U concordant ages of 286 ± 3 Ma. In inheritance-poor gneiss, zircons consist of magmatic cores and very altered rims defining a discordia with an upper intercept with the Concordia at 287 + 21 –22 Ma and a lower intercept at 20.8 + 48.6 –20.8 Ma. Magmatic domains of zircon from inheritance-rich gneiss have lower rare-earth element (REE) contents than magmatic domains from inheritance-poor gneiss, reflecting the less evolved nature of the melt. Altered domains in zircon from inheritance-poor gneisss how greater U concentrations, lower REE concentrations and lower Th/U ratios relative to the cores, interpreted as representing Pb loss from the U-rich magmatic domains during the Alpine event. Morphological changes within single grains and between populations reflects the evolution during magmatic cooling. We show that, whereas classic methods allow two different interpretations for the geodynamic setting of the two types of gneisses, a complete study of composition, morphology and structure of zircon can help to decide that a model based on a common source for the granitic melt better fits the zircon characteristics than a model based on melts generated in two different geotectonic settings.
Mendeleevite-(Nd), (Cs,□)6 (□,Cs)6 (□,K)6 (REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,H2O,F)35, a new mineral from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tajikistan
Authors: Agakhanov Atali A. , Pautov Leonid A. , Sokolova Elena , Hawthorne Frank C. , Yu Karpenko Vladimir , Siidra Oleg I. , Garanin Viktor K.
Published: March 2017

Mendeleevite-(Nd), (Cs,□)6(□,Cs)6(□,K)6(REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,H2O,F)35 is a new mineral from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tajikistan. Mendeleevite-(Nd) was found in a pectolite aggregate in silexites (quartz-rich rocks) which consist of fine to medium pectolite grains, quartz, aegirine and fluorite, with minor khvorovite, mendeleevite-(Ce), sokolovaite, hyalotekite, orlovite, kirchhoffite, pekovite, neptunite, zeravshanite, senkevichite, nordite-(Nd), alamosite, pyrochlore-group minerals and baratovite. Mendeleevite-(Nd) forms colourless cubic crystals 10–40 μm in size; it has a vitreous lustre and a Mohs hardness of 5–5.5; Dmeas. = 3.20(2) g/cm3, Dcalc. = 3.155 g/cm3. Mendeleevite-(Nd) is optically isotropic, with the refractive index n = 1.582(2). Mendeleevite-(Nd) is cubic, space group Pm3̄, a = 21.9106(4) Å; Z = 2. The six strongest reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d (Å), I (%), (h k l)] are: 11.01, 100, (0 0 2); 15.63, 55, (0 1 1); 3.47, 42, (2 0 6); 3.099, 42, (3 4 5); 2.192, 42, (0 0 10); 1.819, 41, (3 6 10). Chemical analysis by electron microprobe gave SiO2 42.30, Ce2O3 10.12, La2O3 3.60, Nd2O3 16.19, Pr2O3 2.79, Sm2O3 4.19, Gd2O3 1.69, Eu2O3 0.47, SrO 2.99, CaO 2.20, Cs2O 8.50, K2O 0.85, H2O 3.85, F 1.25, –O = F2 –0.53, sum 100.46 wt.%, with H2O calculated by analogy with mendeleevite-(Ce). The empirical formula based on 210 (O + F) apfu, with F + OH + H2O = 35 pfu, is Cs6(□4.20K1.80)∑6{[(Nd9.57Ce6.13Sm2.39La2.20Pr1.68Gd0.93Eu0.27)∑23.17(Ca3.90Sr2.87)∑6.77]∑29.94□0.06}∑30(Si70.03O175)(OH14.47F6.54)∑21.01 (H2O)14, Z = 2. The simplified and ideal formulae are (Cs,□)6 (□,Cs)6(□,K)6 (REE,Ca)30 (Si70O175)(OH, H2O,F)35 and Cs6(REE23Ca7)(Si70O175)(OH,F)19(H2O)16, respectively. The compatibility index (from measured density) = – 0.039 (excellent). Mendeleevite-(Nd) is a Nd analogue of mendeleevite-(Ce), (Cs,□)6(□,Cs)6(□,K)6(REE,Ca,□)30(Si70O175)(H2O,OH,F,□)35. Both minerals are named after Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907), the great Russian chemist, author of the periodic table of chemical elements, who has had a significant impact on the development of natural sciences and industry, both in Russia and around the world.
Lithium and trace-element concentrations in trioctahedral micas from granites of different geochemical types measured via laser ablation ICP-MS
Authors: Breiter Karel , Vaňková Michaela , Galiová Michaela Vašinová , Korbelová Zuzana , Kanický Viktor
Published: March 2017

The compositions of trioctahedral micas from 51 samples of granitoids with different geochemical affiliations and grades of differentiation from the Bohemian Massif, Central Europe, were analysed using electron microprobe (major elements) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Li, Sc, Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Sn, Cs, Ta, W, Tl). The micas form a continuous evolutionary series from phlogopite to zinnwaldite. The phlogopites and biotites from the I-type rocks are characterized by 5.5–5.7 Si, 2.4–2.6 Al, <0.1 Li atoms per formula unit [apfu] and Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 0.4–0.8. The biotites from the S-type granites usually contain 5.3–5.7 Si, 3.2–3.6 Al, 0.1–0.3 Li apfu and Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 0.15–0.4. The annites and zinnwaldites from the rare-metal granites contain 5.7–6.8 Si, 3.2–3.8 Al, 0.6–2.6 Li apfu and Mg/(Mg + Fe) < 0.1. The concentrations of F, Rb, Cs and Tl increase from the phlogopites and biotites to zinnwaldites: F 0.1 → 8 wt.%, Rb2O 0.05 → 1.7 wt.%, Tl 2 → 50 ppm and Cs 40 → 2000 ppm. The concentrations of Sn, Nb, Ta and W in phlogopites and biotites from the I- and S-type granitoids generally correlate with those of the parent rocks and reach values of (in ppm) 20–100 Sn, 20–250 Nb, 1–20 Ta and <5 W. The highest concentrations were found in the Li-annites in the relatively early facies of rare-metal granites (in ppm): 250–600 Sn, 400–600 Nb, 60–120 Ta and 50– 120 W. The zinnwaldites in the late rare-metal granites facies are impoverished in these elements, which is explained by contemporaneous crystallization of cassiterite and columbite. Lithium enters the crystal lattice of trioctahedral micas via the exchange vector Li3□Si3Fe–6Al–1up to concentrations of ∼2.5 wt.% Li2O (1.5 apfu Li). At higher Li concentrations, Li is incorporated through the exchange vector Li3Si1□–1Fe–2Al–1.
Lower levels of vitamin A are associated with increased gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease in children
Authors: Lounder Dana T. , Khandelwal Pooja , Dandoy Christopher E. , Jodele Sonata , Grimley Michael S. , Wallace Gregory , Lane Adam , Taggart Cynthia , Teusink-Cross Ashley C. , Lake Kelly E. , Davies Stella M.
Published: March 2017

Key Points

Vitamin A levels below the median at day 30 posttransplant are associated with increased cumulative incidence of GI GVHD in children. Potential mechanisms include increased intestinal permeability and increased lymphocyte homing to the intestine.
Narrative Form and Facts, Facts, Facts: Elizabeth Gaskell'sLife of Charlotte Brontë
Authors: Allison Sarah
Published: March 2017

This essay places Elizabeth Gaskell's Life of Charlotte Brontë in the context of responses it provoked from contemporaries, including their retrospective rereadings of Jane Eyre. By 1857, the novel form had come a long way from its eighteenth-century origins in the roman à clef, but some parts of Gaskell's Life return to and invert that tradition, reading almost like a clef to Jane Eyre—so much so as to force a printed retraction and substantial revisions. Gaskell wrote the Life well after fictionality emerged as a concept distinct from history and journalism. Nevertheless, in its intersection with Jane Eyre, the Life reveals the traces of fictional realist convention in factual accounts and, conversely, shows how far the novel, fictional form par excellence, retained an aura of facticity.
Database and the Future Anterior: Reading The Mill on the Floss Backwards
Authors: Hensley Nathan K.
Published: March 2017

This article on temporality, reading, and narrative form shows how George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss stretches on the affordances of the novel to highlight the tension between structure and flow that characterizes any act of textual analysis. This tension within readerly method, elaborated by Roland Barthes in S/Z, has only sharpened since the literary humanities' digital turn. Eliot's famous surprise ending restarts the world-historical clock and seems to come from nowhere; yet it also seems slowly and inevitably to have been building all along. The novel's famous flood event, seen in light of the ambiguous textual details or “advance mentions” anticipating it, turns out to radicalize the formal or properly aesthetic tension between duration and event, sequence and structure, that animates structuralist method no less than certain varieties of distant or machine reading. On this reading, a theory of time as gradual development (flow) sits in tension with a model that imagines short, sharp transitions between discrete temporal periods (structures), one “step” and another. Like Barthes, Eliot aims to think in both synchronic blocks and linear flows simultaneously. She goes further to link this antinomy of narrative experience to the political-aesthetic problem of historical change and modernization itself. Eliot thus harnesses the resources of the novel form to challenge models of reading that work, as all digital methods must, on dechronologized textual objects like databases, textual corpuses, or (at smaller scales) sentences or lexias.
Three-dimensional cardiac microtissues composed of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells co-differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Giacomelli Elisa , Bellin Milena , Sala Luca , van Meer Berend J. , Tertoolen Leon G. J. , Orlova Valeria V. , Mummery Christine L.
Published: March 2017

Cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in the heart are in close proximity and in constant dialogue. Endothelium regulates the size of the heart, supplies oxygen to the myocardium and secretes factors that support cardiomyocyte function. Robust and predictive cardiac disease models that faithfully recapitulate native human physiology in vitro would therefore ideally incorporate this cardiomyocyte-endothelium crosstalk. Here, we generated and characterized human cardiac microtissues in vitro that integrate both cell types in complex 3D structures. We established conditions for simultaneous differentiation of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells following initial cardiac mesoderm induction. The endothelial cells expressed cardiac markers also present in primary cardiac microvasculature suggesting cardiac endothelium identity. These cell populations were further enriched based on surface markers expression, then recombined allowing development of beating 3D structures termed cardiac microtissues. This in vitro model was robustly reproducable in both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. It thus represents an advanced human stem cell-based platform for cardiovascular disease modelling and testing of relevant drugs.
Criminal Deterrence: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Chalfin Aaron , McCrary Justin
Published: March 2017

We review economics research regarding the effect of police, punishments, and work on crime, with a particular focus on papers from the last twenty years. Evidence in favor of deterrence effects is mixed. While there is considerable evidence that crime is responsive to police and to the existence of attractive legitimate labor-market opportunities, there is far less evidence that crime responds to the severity of criminal sanctions. We discuss fruitful directions for future work and implications for public policy. (JEL J64, K42)
Information Avoidance
Authors: Golman Russell , Hagmann David , Loewenstein George
Published: March 2017

We commonly think of information as a means to an end. However, a growing theoretical and experimental literature suggests that information may directly enter the agent's utility function. This can create an incentive to avoid information, even when it is useful, free, and independent of strategic considerations. We review research documenting the occurrence of information avoidance, as well as theoretical and empirical research on reasons why people avoid information, drawing from economics, psychology, and other disciplines. The review concludes with a discussion of some of the diverse (and often costly) individual and societal consequences of information avoidance. (JEL D82, D83)
Game Theory and Cold War Rationality: A Review Essay
Authors: Weintraub E. Roy
Published: March 2017

This essay reviews new histories of the role of game theory and rational decision making in shaping the social sciences, economics among them, in the postwar period. The recent books The World the Game Theorists Made by Paul Erickson and How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind: The Strange Career of Cold War Rationality by Paul Erickson, Judy Klein, Lorraine Daston, Rebecca Lemov, Thomas Sturm, and Michael Gordin raise a number of complex historical questions about the interconnections among game theory, utility theory, decision theory, optimization theory, information theory, and theories of rational choice. Moreover, the contingencies of time, place, and person call into question the usefulness of economists' linear narratives about the autonomous and progressive development of modern economics. The essay finally reflects on the challenges that these issues present for historians of recent economics. (JEL B23, C70, D74, N42)