bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical-Dental Alliance
Authors: Pranitha V. , Mounika P. B. N. , Dwijendra K. S. , Nagarjuna G. , Ramana P. U. , Meghana C.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Comprehensive health care can be achieved by including dental care in all health service programs. Gynecologists and pediatricians establish the relationship with expectant mothers and infants earlier than dentist. They represent a trustworthy source of preventive information and play an important guiding role in developing positive dental attitudes.

Objective:

The objective of this study was designed to assess the attitude and awareness of gynecologists and pediatricians toward oral health care of mothers and children.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 gynecologists and pediatricians. A study-specific questionnaire designed according to specialty was used. The questionnaire pertained to both maternal and infant/child oral health care and included questions on prenatal counseling, feeding practices, dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, and importance of primary teeth.

Results:

The majority of the gynecologists and pediatricians had good knowledge regarding oral health of expectant mothers, infants, and children.

Conclusion:

Oral health is an integral part of overall health. Promoting pediatric dentistry through gynecologists and pediatricians can conceptualize the model of “healthy mother and smiling child.”
Modified Cover Screw to Enhance Long-Term Bone Stability in Two-Stage Implants Protocol
Authors: El Moheb Mohamad , Sghaireen Mohammed Ghazi , Ganji Kiran Kumar , Srivastava Kumar Chandan , Shrivastava Deepti , Alawneh Ahmad , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: March 2023

The mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity plays a vital role in protecting the hard tissue, from mechanical, bacterial and chemical aggressions. This seal is made by the junctional epithelium and by collagen fibres. The screw bone builder (GF0) from TRATE, is a cover screw that will be used during the implant placement to cover the implant. The cover screw platform will not be in contact with the implant platform. After screwing the GF0, it will always maintain a space of 1mm between the two platforms implant and cover screw. This space will be a room for the bone to grow and to fill this space. Hence this case series describes a modified cover screw to enhance long term bone stability around two-stage implants.
Evaluation of Age of Earning and Starting of Adverse Habit in Patients Visiting to Dental Hospital
Authors: Lohe Vidya , Kadu Ravindra
Published: March 2023

Background:

Habit of tobacco consumption is a known etiologic factor in the development of oral precancer and cancer. Exploring the age at which a person starts earning and starts adverse habit is vital.

Materials and Methods:

Healthy 120 controls, who were not having oral cancer, oral precancer and had no history of any major illness in the past were recruited for the study. The patient, were briefed about the study and a thorough case history was taken including demographic details and adverse habit.

Results:

Ninety-four (78.33%) were male and 26 (21.66%) were female. All the individuals studied were between the age group of 24–70 years and the mean age was 49.6 ± 10.3 years. Mean age of starting working was 18.37 ± 2.16 years, mean age of starting habit was 22.99 ± 3.86 years. Mean frequency and duration of habit was 5.00 ± 1.9958 was 25.75 ± 11.28 years, respectively. Data were subjected to Pearson correlation test, the r value was 0.252, P = 0.006 which showed the positive correlation between age of starting working and the mean age of starting habit.

Conclusions:

Evaluating various types of adverse habits in each and every patient visiting to dental clinic is of utmost importance. Exploring the habit of snuff/gul/gudakhu for cleaning teeth is important and the clinician should be alert and aware to this insidious aspect of tobacco use. The precancerous lesions and conditions are the preventable aspect of the tobacco disease spectrum. It provides an opportunity for early detection and thus helps in the prevention of malignant transformation.
Leiomyosarcoma of the Renal Pelvis
Authors: Jagtap Sunil V. , Jagtap Shubham S. , Agarwal Garima , Huddedar Anil
Published: March 2023

Leiomyosarcoma of the renal pelvis is an extremely rare mesenchymal tumor of the kidney. A 68-year-old male presented to the Urosurgery Department with hematuria, right flank pain, and burning micturition. On ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis, a soft tissue density mass lesion involving right renal pelvis and lower calyx measuring 2.5 cm × 1.5 cm × 1.4 cm in the right renal calculi, mild right hydronephrosis and hydroureter, mobile vesicle calculus, and mild prostatomegaly with changes of cystitis with significant postvoid residue were noted. The primary diagnosis based on imaging findings computed tomography (CT) abdomen and pelvis multiple detector CT scan, was given as suggestive of malignant tumor of the right kidney and pelvis. The right radical nephrectomy was done. On histopathology, it was confirmed as leiomyosarcoma of the right renal pelvis. We report an extremely rare tumor leiomyosarcoma of the renal pelvis for its clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings.
Effect of Manual Therapy (MET) Versus Conventional Therapy for Improving Tendo-Achilles Flexibility and Foot Posture in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Telang Priyanka , Naqvi Waqar , Dhankar Shalaka , Jungade Shyam
Published: March 2023

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects individuals across social, ethnic, and geographic groups. Autistic children have difficulty with gross motor and fine motor functioning difficulties including a wide range of signs and symptoms. Toe walking due to tendo-achilles (TA) tightness is commonly observed gait in autistic children altering foot posture in them. The knowledge about the abnormalities may be useful for the assessment and treatment planning of ASD children.

Material and Methods:

We evaluated TA tightness, ROM of the ankle joint, and compare the effect of Manual Therapy (MET) and conventional therapy for improving TA flexibility and foot posture.

Procedure:

A comparative study included twenty diagnosed autistic children as per inclusion criteria which were divided into two groups, Group A was given conventional therapy in the form of passive stretching, whereas Group B was given manual therapy in the form of muscle energy technique. The participants were clinically examined and evaluate TA tightness in the form of elastography, range of motion, and foot posture. Data were taken at baseline pre and after postintervention.

Results:

There was a significant improvement in elastography readings, range of motion, and foot posture index in both groups postintervention but significant improvement was observed in Group B as compared to Group A, i.e., P > 0.05.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that there is a significant effect of manual therapy in the form of muscle energy technique for improving TA flexibility and foot posture as compared to conventional therapy.
A Review on Newer Detection Technologies for the Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Kumari Chetna , Dakhode Sarika
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 is a sickness brought about by coronavirus responsible for causing simple to extreme complications in people. COVID-19 first case was seen in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, on December, 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) to pronounce it as a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, as the pandemic has spread quickly all through the world. Regardless of extensive endeavors made to contain the infection, the infection has proceeded with its pervasiveness in numerous nations with changing levels of clinical signs. Henceforth, in this report, we discuss the various strategies, for example, serological and nucleic acid-based procedures which are accessible for the determination and successful counteraction of coronavirus. With expanding the rate of coronavirus cases, the precise and early identification of the COVID-19 is the need of great importance for viable avoidance with treatment and just as to check its spread. Reverse transcriptase-real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measures are viewed as the highest quality level for the early identification of infection. This diagnostic technique is being utilized worldwide with recommendations from WHO and Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is being done compulsory before any medical procedures and major surgeries for early detection, prevention, and management in due time course. Rapid antigen test is also a screening test used widely in hospitals for screening of COVID-19 and before the admission in hospitals. Other nucleic acid amplification test widely done for the detection of COVID-19 are RT-qPCR, next-generation sequencing, clustered regularly interspaced short pallindromic repeats, reverse transcription -loop-mediated isothermal amplification, droplet digital PCR. Some immunological tests are lateral flow, ELISA.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Renal Diseases
Authors: Kalbande Ajinkya , Muntode Pramita
Published: March 2023

The whole world has been frightened because of the rapid rise in the number of cases and deaths due to novel coronavirus (officially referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) which was found in late 2019 in Wuhan city, China. Till date, the increased spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is even now at an uncontrollable rate, and the amount of confirmed patients and mortality rate are still increasing at an exponential rate. Till October 1, 2020, from 216 different nations, regions, and territories, the World Health Organization received reports of 33,842,282 confirmed cases and 1,010,635 confirmed deaths. This virus causes a variety of symptoms which can range from mild illness to moderate illness. Difficulty in breathing and death occur in severe cases. The common earliest manifestations include fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, diarrhea, and headaches. The disease is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets from a person who is infected, via coughing, sneezing, or exhaling. Adding together expertize across various domains to search for new and effective solutions is the need of hour. Very little is known about how coronavirus affects the kidneys. There is no such proof that shows if people with renal diseases are more susceptible than the general public. Studies have been made over complications of coronavirus disease in patients with renal diseases and how to tackle them. This review article summarizes the analysis of the present situation with subject to coronavirus pandemic, its sequel on people with renal disorders, and the seriousness of the disease. Majorly, it gives an outline in management of this critical condition.
Estimation of Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Various Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors
Authors: Kataria Sant Prakash , Yadav Neha , Malik Sucheta , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Gajender , Yadav Yoginder
Published: March 2023

Background:

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), interleukin-8, and various other cytokines are positive regulators of angiogenesis. Increased levels in urine, serum, and plasma are associated with increased angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis in solid tumors. The aim of the study was to estimate the serum VEGF levels in various hematological malignancies and in solid tumors.

Materials and Methods:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent sssay was used to measure VEGF concentration in serum samples from 62 patients with newly diagnosed hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Samples from 10 cases of normal persons were taken as control.

Results:

Overall, mean serum VEGF levels of the patients in study groups of hematological malignancies and solid tumors (133.96 ± 47.50 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those of control group (40.3 ± 8.27 pg/ml). Among all the subgroups, highest serum VEGF levels were found in central nervous system tumors followed by equivalent levels of multiple myeloma and lymphomas. Among leukemias, patients of acute myeloid leukemia showed higher VEGF levels than acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.

Conclusion:

Serum VEGF levels of the patients with hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors were higher compared to controls. Further studies are needed to determine the therapeutic implications of this finding.
COVID-Associated Mucormycosis
Authors: Garg Swati , Waghmare Pooja , Vagha Sunita
Published: March 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal coinfections. Mucormycosis is more often seen in immunocompromised individuals, and complications of orbital and cerebral involvement are likely in diabetic ketoacidosis and with concomitant use of steroids. The most common risk factor associated with mucormycosis is diabetes mellitus in India. Early identification of high-morbidity conditions is crucial for optimal treatment and improved outcomes. A total of 20 patients with post-COVID mucormycosis were studied. Uncontrolled diabetes and excessive usage of steroids are two of the main factors aggravating the illness, and both of these must be properly checked. Early diagnosis and prompt management are required for a good prognosis and to achieve a less fulminant disease course in cases of postcoronavirus mucormycosis.
CD4 Response of Treatment-Naive HIV-TB Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Vyas Nitya , Chandwani Jyotsna , Gupta Sakshee , Sharma Babita
Published: March 2023

Background:

Most patients develop lower respiratory tract infections of infectious etiology during the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. High burden of tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected patients leads to lowering of immunity, thus increasing the incidence of other opportunistic infections. The present study was conducted to discuss the impact of lower respiratory tract infections(LRTI's) including TB in HIV-infected patients.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective case–control study was done on 180 treatment-naive HIV-seropositive patients and 100 HIV-seronegative controls having LRTIs for a period of 1 year. Expectorated and induced sputum samples were collected and screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by smear microscopy. Five milliliter of venous blood was collected from each patient for determination of cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) T-cell lymphocyte counts.

Results:

Acid-fast bacilli were observed in 40.55% (73/180) of HIV-infected patients compared to 17% (17/100) in seronegative patients (P < 0.001). About 69.86% (51/73) of HIV-TB co-infected patients had CD4 + T-cell lymphocyte count < 200 cells/μl (P < 0.05). CD4 + T-cell lymphocyte counts of HIV-TB co-infected patients were comparable to patients having LRTI's other than TB (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

LRTIs lead to a significant lowering of CD4 + T-cell lymphocyte counts among HIV-positive patients. Hence, routine screening along with laboratory confirmation for all lower respiratory tract infections in addition to TB is essential to manage coinfections in HIV patients.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward COVID-19 among Rural People during the Pandemic in India
Authors: Panneerselvam Naresh Kumar , Ravi Dhilip V.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Knowledge, attitude, and practices of the Indian population toward the transmission and prevention of COVID-19 diseases play a vital role in effective control measures.

Objective:

In this study, we assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward COVID-19 among rural people in Tamil Nadu, India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey using a semistructured interview schedule, with face validated and translated into the local language after pilot testing, was used to collect the data. An information sheet was provided to the participants in the local language (Tamil), and verbal consent was obtained before starting the interview. Ethical approval was granted by the institutional ethics committee.

Results:

A total of 762 participants were interviewed, with the average age of participants being 42.59 years (standard deviation: ± 16.8). Around 37% of participants did not receive any formal education; among working people, most of them were involved in agriculture and unskilled labor works. The knowledge related to disease transmission was poor, only 50% of the people knew that virus can spread through droplets and close contact with the infected people, and only 11.4% said that the virus can spread when people get in contact with a contaminated surface. Around 85% of the people said that naturopathy home remedies can help prevent COVID-19 severity. The preventive practices scores were poor, only 11% of the people wore the mask, and educational status was the significant predictor of positive practices scores.

Conclusion:

The government can develop health educational programs tailored to rural communities to promote the practices and also can implement legal measures to promote the practices among the people.
Comparative Study of Intravenous Paracetamol Infusion versus Intramuscular Tramadol as an Intrapartum Labor Analgesia
Authors: Dwidmuthe Kanchan Samir , Bhoyar Rohini Jageshwar , Somalwar Savita Ashutosh
Published: March 2023

Context:

Paracetamol exerts its analgesic effect by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system and peripheral action by blocking the generation of pain impulses. It has also a serotonergic (5Ht) mechanism and a cannabinoid agonist mechanism.

Aims:

We planned this study to compare intravenous and intramuscular tramadol as labor analgesia.

Settings and Design:

This prospective single-blinded randomized study was conducted in primigravida labor patients at tertiary care hospital between January 2016 and December 2018 after getting the permission of the ethical committee.

Methods:

Patients were randomly divided into two groups using a computer-generated random table in the Paracetamol group (Group A) and Tramadol group (Group B). Group A (60 patients) received IV PCM 1000 mg in the active phase of labor single dose over 15 min. Group B, received intramuscular tramadol hydrochloride 100 mg. Labor was monitored using partograph, pain intensity was recorded before, 1 h, and 3 h of drug administration using the Mac Gill pain intensity scale.

Statistical Analysis Used:

We did statistical analysis using IBM SPSS version 22.0 software. We used an independent t-test to analyze the difference in continuous dependent variables in two groups. The MacGill's pain intensity scale score was examined using repeated measures of analysis of variance for mean scores on 3 outcome measures: Before drug delivery, 1 h after drug delivery and 3 h after drug delivery.

Results:

Overall paracetamol was well tolerated as compared to tramadol. Patients who received paracetamol experienced fewer side effects including nausea and vomiting. The difference was statistically significant (Chi-square = 8.091; df = 2; P = 0.018). In the paracetamol group, 8 (15%) patients had nausea and 1 (2%) experienced vomiting; while in the tramadol group, 6 (11%) patients had nausea and 10 (19%) patients experienced vomiting.

Conclusions:

Paracetamol is safe labor analgesic as compared to intramuscular tramadol. Further studies consisting of a greater number of patients are needed to validate the results of this study.
Histopathological Study of Vascular Changes of Placenta in Preeclampsia Using Histochemistry
Authors: Swati Pandey , Hemalatha A. , Munikrishna M.
Published: March 2023

Context:

Preeclampsia is a threat that affects globally, and more so in developing countries. It occurs in 5%–8% of pregnancies worldwide and is the second-most common cause of maternal and fetal death.

Aims:

To compare vascular changes in vessels of placental stem villi and terminal villi in the placenta in preeclampsia and compare that with placenta from normal pregnancy using special stain such as Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff's stain.

Settings and Design:

A total of 120 placentas were included in the study. Sixty cases were from preeclampsia patients of which 20 were from severe preeclampsia and 40 from mild preeclampsia and 60 were gestational age matched controls.

Subjects and Methods:

Placental tissue was examined for gross and microscopic changes. Representative sections were also screened after staining with special stains such as Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff's stain.

Statistical Analysis Used:

SPSS 22, USA, was used for descriptive and analytical data. Chi-square was the test of significance. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Placenta from preeclampsia showed significantly low placental weight, less diameter, and thickness as compared to control. The stem villi showed thrombosis and medial hypertrophy. All the parameters were statistically significant when compared between the two groups, and these changes were related to the severity of preeclampsia.

Conclusions:

Vascular changes and products released may be the reason for the pathogenesis, clinical sequelae onset of disseminated intravascular coagulation, maternal inflammatory syndrome, and poor outcome in preeclampsia, which needed further study.
Diagnostic Methods Used in Patient with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Goyal Manu , Mittal Amit , Samuel Asir John
Published: March 2023

The quality of life of patients with diabetes having peripheral neuropathy can be improved with an early detection of this detrimental diagnosis. This review summarizes the already established diagnostic methods (electrodiagnostic and sensory screening) and the recent radiological diagnostic methods (ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging) used in the screening of peripheral nerves health in diabetic patients. Electronic searches were conducted of databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Medline to retrieve the relevant studies in the review. The independent selection, appraisal, and data extraction were done by two reviewers. The searched articles were categorized into three diagnostic methods categories, namely, electrodiagnostic, sensory screening, and radiological. Two diagnostic methods were included under electro diagnostic and radiological methods and eight diagnostic tests were included under sensory screening. High-resolution ultrasonography and magnetic resonance neurography have higher sensitivity and specificity to detect early peripheral nerve lesions among all methods. This review will help clinicians to facilitate the early correct diagnosis of the severity of neuropathy in patients with diabetes.
Study of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases Among Urban Slum Population of Western Maharashtra Using WHO STEPS Approach
Authors: Aparna V. S. , Patil Supriya Satish , Durgawale P. M.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Noncommunicable diseases NCDs are considered to be the leading cause of death worldwide. These are the cause for almost 85% of premature deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries.

Materials and Methods:

Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 randomly selected people ≥18 years in the urban slum area which is the field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, KIMS, Karad, Maharashtra, India. The World Health Organization developed STEPwise approach for the surveillance of NCDs and its risk factors were used. STEP 1 (behavioral risk factors), STEP 2 (physical measurements), and STEP 3 (biochemical measurements) were included in our study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

The prevalence of behavioral risk factors such as smoking was 11.2% among males, smokeless tobacco use was 29.6% among females, alcohol use was 16.8% among males, sedentary lifestyle was 16.8% among the age of 26–45 years, ≥5 fruit and vegetable servings/day was consumed by only 4%. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia was 36%, 11.2%, 37.6%, and 31.2%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Various NCD risk factors assessed from our study showed high prevalence among urban slum population. Surveillance of risk factors and adequate awareness among urban slum population is essential to prevent spread of NCDs.
An Outbreak of Leclercia adecarboxylata from a Tertiary Neurocare Center
Authors: Benachinmardi Kirtilaxmi K. , Veenakumari Singh H. B. , Nagarathna S.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) outbreaks are special-cause events having multiple factors involved in it. HAI outbreaks often reflect problems that are unique, urgent, unusual, or difficult to control. There are only a few case reports and case series of Leclercia adecarboxylata reported in the literature.

Materials and Methods:

The outbreak occurred in a 1000-bedded tertiary neurocare center. There was sudden isolation of an unusual organism from different samples such as tracheal secretion, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt tip, pus, wound swab, urine, and blood. All the samples were processed according to the standard protocol and antibiotic susceptibility was carried out by Kirby–Bauer disk-diffusion method and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All the isolates were subjected to VITEK-2 system for confirmation. The steps involved in outbreak investigation were (1) case definition, (2) case confirmation, (3) establishing the background rate of disease and finding cases, (4) identification of source, (5) control measures, (6) communicate findings, and (7) maintain surveillance.

Results:

The organism was identified as L. adecarboxylata. All the isolates were resistant only to ampicillin. However, two isolates isolated from the blood of the same patient were sensitive only to imipenem and colistin. The source could not be identified with extensive efforts; however, the outbreak was controlled with strict practice of hand hygiene and other aseptic precautions. On surveillance, there was no further isolation of the organism.

Conclusion:

As HAI outbreaks are multifactorial, there should be preparedness for hospital infection outbreaks in all the hospitals to prevent morbidity and mortality.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana” among Young and Aged Rural Adults
Authors: Chouhan Kirti , Sharma Renu , Pareek Shatrughan
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Women are the most important part of the society and equally participate in the life existence on the earth. “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana” is an awareness campaign to save girl children in India by ensuring their safety as well as to stop the crime against girl child, especially female feticide and gender inequality. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of young and aged adults regarding “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana” in a selected rural community.

Methodology:

The quantitative research approach was adopted for this study and the descriptive research design was used. The study was conducted among 200 young and aged adults at Bhuddhi village of Dehradun district with the help of nonprobability convenient sampling technique. The data were collected by using a valid tool comprising demographic variables, knowledge questionnaires, and attitude rating scale. Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS 20.

Results:

Majority of the participants (59%) had moderate knowledge, while 77% had favorable attitude toward “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana.” There was a statistically significant positive correlation (P = 0.0001*) between the knowledge and attitude of rural adults toward “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana.” In terms of association, education was statistically significantly associated (P = 0.0001*) with knowledge, whereas attitude showed an association with education (P = 0.0001*) and gender (P = 0.045*).

Conclusion:

The study highlighted that young and aged adults have moderate knowledge and favorable attitude regarding “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao” scheme. Mass awareness campaigns are needed for positive outcomes of the scheme.
Artificial Intelligence and Live
Authors: Kharabe Abhilasha S. , Ambad Ranjit , More Akash , Damahe Lalit B.
Published: March 2023

Millions of infertility-stricken couples rely on in vitro fertilization (IVF) every year in the hopes of establishing or expanding their families. Endometriosis, poor egg quality, a mother or father's genetic condition, ovulation issues, antibody disorders that destroy sperm or eggs, sperm inability to penetrate or survive in the cervical mucus and low sperm counts are all typical complications that lead to human infertility. Nonetheless, fertilization is not guaranteed with IVF. They hefty expense of IVF and the uncertainty of the outcome make it a difficult decision. Because there are so many problems and fertilization factors in the IVF procedure, it is difficult for fertility physicians to anticipate a successful pregnancy. In this study, the likelihood of a live birth was calculated using artificial intelligence (AI). This research focuses on predicting the likelihood that when the embryo gives birth to a living baby develops from a couple rather than a donor. We compare multiple AI methods, including both traditional machine and ensemble of algorithms human fertilization and embryology authority. The pregnancy success is determined by both male and female characteristics as well as living condition. In reproductive medicine, predicting the success of IVF treatment is a highly semantic issue. There is a strong need for developing systems to support the human mind since there are still differences in outcomes among reproductive centers and the literature is constantly being flooded with new approaches designed to predict the desired outcome. Since 1986, several approaches have been put out in an effort to make this prediction. The clinically relevant criteria IVF are used in this study to predict a successful pregnancy. As a result, AI has a potential future in decision-making for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Medical practitioners can give live-birth advice at clinics based on their own expertise or the success record of the fertility center, which may or may not be acceptable in some instances. Making decisions with AI assistance may not be bad, but it is likewise not better). However, what autonomy really needs is learning knowledge that is pertinent to and significant to one's values. Having knowledge of a prediction's foundation (cleavage rate, symmetry, etc.) is irrelevant; the dangers, side effects, and benefits, as well as the level of confidence associated with them, are what matter assessments. This research will aid patients and doctors in making a definite decision based on a tool that predicts whether IVF therapy will be based on a patient's inherent quantifiable predictions, successful or failing. Couples will be counseled on their chances of having a live birth using this tool, which will help them mentally prepare for the pricey and time-consuming IVF procedure.
Artificial Intelligence in Reproductive Medicine
Authors: Bansod Anistha Rajendra , Jha Rakesh Kumar , More Akash , Fadnavis Rupa A.
Published: March 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to a computer-controlled system or device's ability to interpret and judge human tasks. AI has advanced significantly in a range of disciplines in recent years, from medical to experimental. With the assistance of someone who knows what they are doing, you can learn concepts and algorithms. The success of current efforts has contributed to learning because of the availability of huge datasets, accessibility, and computing capacity. Machine learning is the process of a computer extracting information from patterns and using those patterns to make predictions. Technology for assisted reproduction, many mechanical learning technologies have been employed to improve assisted reproductive technology performance, and they are now being used more frequently in health care. Despite the numerous hurdles, the integration of AI therapy will undoubtedly provide an important direction for the future development of medicine. We cover the work done on machine learning and AI in this overview, as well as how to keep the industries ahead of the curve, and, in terms of fertility therapists, the tests conducted on these industries and experiments address the issues as well as give light on the future direction and potential. We have accounted for all of these things in this post, keeping machine learning and AI expertise and concepts in mind. A review of the above-mentioned reproductive medicine experiments, as well as a review of AI future issues and trends, are thoroughly examined. AI trials in the medical industry will continue to rise as precision medicine develops and large data becomes more widely available. Despite its limits, present AI technology is ideally suited to addressing well-defined difficulties in a variety of therapeutic settings. Women who do not have children, such as infertility patients, could benefit from such a system, which could improve pregnancy outcomes and treatment. Similarly, to a married woman who, despite her best attempts, has been unable to conceive for many years, that type of woman can assist in conceiving. We realize that AI technology capabilities are expected to grow over time and that solutions can benefit by delivering high-quality health care more precisely and effectively in practice.
Evaluation of Lymph Nodes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Mapping, and Fast-Spin Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Lohe Vidya , Bhowate Rahul , Parihar Pratapsingh , Kadu Ravindra , Sune Ravikant V. , Mohod Swapnil C. , Meshram Mrunal
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

To evaluate cervical lymph nodes in OSCC with fast spin echo MRI. ii) To evaluate cervical lymph nodes in OSCC with Diffusion Weighted MRI & estimate its ADC value. iii) To compare the findings of cervical lymph nodes in OSCC with diffusion-weighted MRI, ADC mapping and fast spin echo MRI with histopathology.

Methods:

The study was conducted on 25 histopathologically proven OSCC patients. Enlarged cervical lymph nodes were assessed by Fast spin echo MRI and diffusion weighted MRI. Cervical lymph nodal status in OSCC regarding whether it is benign or malignant was evaluated by diffusion-weighted MRI, ADC mapping and Fast Spin Echo MRI characteristics. These values were compared on post operative histopathology for lymph nodal metastasis.

Results:

By fast spin echo MRI: Number of true-positive was 05 (4.23%). Number of false-positive was 05(4.23%). Sensitivity was 32.25%. Specificity was 95.10%. Accuracy was 50% positive predictive value (PPV) was 50%. Negative predictive value (NPV) was 86.44%. By DWI MRI: Number of true-positive was 12 (10.16%). Number of false-positive was 12 (10.16%). Sensitivity was 75%. Specificity was 88.24%. Accuracy was 96.69%. PPV was 50%. NPV was 86.44%.

Conclusions:

DW imaging performed with ADC values showed higher accuracy than fast spin-echo MRI and can provide added value in cervical nodal metastases in OSCC.
Critical Appraisal of Curriculum Content for Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Sciences Under Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) as Against Problem Centricity
Authors: Mishra Gaurav , Dhok Archana , Srivastava Tripti , Singh Rohan Kumar , Patwa Prerna
Published: March 2023

Background:

Biomedical sciences can be said to be a collective of multiple scientific subjects to obtain, organise, apply, analyse information for the betterment of public healthcare. The stream of biomedical sciences comprises not only one but also multiple subjects under its roof such as microbiology, epidemiology, statistics, engineering as well as anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. The adherence to the subject is of prime importance to attune the learner and prepare him/her for learning the psychomotor domain pertaining to the said subject. The present study attempts to delineate the curricular inclusions for the said curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Sciences under Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) as against typing of curriculum based on problem centricity.

Materials and Methods:

Rapid review of the literature with reference to the curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Sciences under faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute Of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) in the academic year 2020–2021 for purpose of their “Typing” with principles of curriculum design' was done.

Results:

The total number of curricular inclusions was 305. Ideally taking the ratio of curricular inclusions as 6:3:1, there should be 184 subject-centered inclusions, 91 problem-centered inclusion, and 30 learner centered. Out of this, there were 143 inclusions which were observed to be subject centered, 133 inclusions were problem centered and 29 were centered upon the learner. Thus, the overall percentage of typing of the inclusions was 46.88% subject centricity, 43.60% problem centricity and 9.5% learner centricity. The observed deficit in subject-centered inclusions was 41, a surplus of 42 objectives was observed for problem-centered inclusions and a deficit of 1 was observed for learner centricity.

Conclusion:

The undergraduate course curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Sciences under Faculty of Allied Health Sciences included in the present study for typing of included curricular inclusions has been typed based on their centricity upon the problem.
Critical Appraisal of Curriculum Content for Bachelor of Science in Clinical Psychology Under Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), as Against Learner Centricity
Authors: Mishra Gaurav , Dhok Archana , Srivastava Tripti , Singh Rohan Kumar , Patwa Prerna
Published: March 2023

Background:

The discipline of clinical psychology is the one that deals with assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of psychological illnesses and disorders with the aim to improve mental health. It is highly vital that the learner interested in faring for the said subject of clinical psychology must be subjected to competencies which are targeted around the learner himself/herself. These may include those which grant the learner the right to choose the direction of his further studies or the topics of their choice combining all the domains of learning with special emphasis on the affective domain therein. In the academic year 2020–2021, an undergraduate course curriculum on clinical psychology was launched in the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), the curricular inclusions for which were the document of interest for the present study. It is vital to determine the standing of the curriculum prepared for a new course for undergraduates with regard to its centricity – learner based, subject based, or problem based. Here, the cognitive domain can be viewed in the subject-based inclusions. The present study attempts to delineate the curricular inclusions for the said curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Clinical Psychology under Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be university), as against typing of curriculum based on subject centricity.

Materials and Methods:

Rapid review of literature with reference to curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Clinical Psychology under faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute Of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) in the academic year 2020–2021 for purpose of their “Typing” with principles of curriculum design was done.

Results:

The total number of curricular inclusions was 236. Ideally taking the ratio of curricular inclusions as 6:3:1, there should be 142 subject-centered inclusions, 71 problem-centered inclusion, and 23 learner–centered inclusions. Out of this, there were 184 inclusions which were observed to be subject centered, 40 inclusions were problem centered, and 12 were centered upon the learner. Thus, the overall percentage of typing of the inclusions was 77.96% subject centricity, 16.94% problem centricity, and 5.08% learner centricity. There was observed surplus of 42 objectives for subject centricity, deficit of 31 was observed for problem centricity and learner centricity showed a deficit of 11.

Conclusion:

The undergraduate course curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Clinical Psychology under Faculty of Allied Health Sciences included in the present study for typing of included curricular inclusions has been typed on the basis of their centricity upon the learner.
Postcoital Ejaculatory Groin Pain Response to Blood Flow Restriction Training
Authors: Kantharia Jeet Shailesh , Khan Sabih Nasir , Mhase Shrikant , Nagrale Wruchika Khemraj , Chaudhari Shyam Vinodrao
Published: March 2023

The most common sign of male sexual dysfunction is ejaculatory pain following coitus. It is brought on by a number of factors including postsurgical treatments, tight or weak muscles, or any injury to the testes or adjacent anatomical structures. A 21-year-old male gym trainer experienced groin pain bilaterally during postcoital ejaculation for 2 weeks. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) recorded 7 out of 10 for the level of pain, for which the patient was advised to perform Kegel exercises, traditional physiotherapeutic exercises, and blood flow restriction training (BFRT). Eventually, posttreatment, the pain intensity decreased to 3 on NPRS. This unique case of postcoitus ejaculatory adductor tendon pain highlights the beneficial effects of both Kegel exercises and conventional exercise routines in addition to BFRT. This case is a novel finding and is unique, so it cannot be examined on a large scale.
A Study of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis using Computed Tomographic Imaging
Authors: Subramani Savadamoorthi Kamatchi , Gangadhar B. , Chandran Ajay , Vemulapalli Charita Chowdary , Singh Gautam , Bhushanam Naga , Babu J. Suresh , Swarnalatha C. , Nayyar Abhishek Singh
Published: March 2023

Context:

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging are widely used tools for imaging the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) in patients with temporomandibular disorders, in particular, for assessing degenerative bony changes, disc position and configuration, and presence of effusion in joint spaces and bone marrow edema.

Aim:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate osseous changes in TMJs secondary to osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using CT.

Settings and Design:

The present study included 40 patients including 20 patients each with OA and RA, wherein the patients were selected from the outpatient department with known history of OA and RA.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients each with OA and RA were subjected to a detailed examination, routine radiography, and CT imaging of the TMJs, while images were evaluated for presence of osteophytes, flattening of articular surfaces, sclerosis, and narrowing of joint space.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) while Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed–rank test were used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Flattening and narrowing of joint space were seen in both types of arthritides; however, a relatively higher percentage of such patients were seen in the RA group. Similarly, osteophytes, though, seen in both types of arthritides, were predominantly seen in patients with OA.

Conclusions:

OA and RA in TMJs are two most commonly seen conditions which can impair functional capacity of entire masticatory system. Their in-depth clinical and radiological evaluation is a must to assess disease activity. Similarly, CT is a valuable tool in assessing osseous abnormalities and should be used in cases wherein osseous involvement of TMJs is suspected.
Gender Perspectives of COVID-19
Authors: Samal Janmejaya
Published: March 2023

Corona virus disease (COVID)-19 is a global threat. This pandemic has created a whole lot of problems in the entire globe. In addition to the typical bio-medical problems for which the entire scientific community is searching for solutions the pandemic has also created a plethora of social problems that the social scientists are grappling with to find out redressal measures. This pandemic has created problems in the realm of “gender” as a separate entity. Pandemics of such nature affects the men and women differently creating different biological, social, occupational and behavioral problems. Pandemics make the existing gender inequalities worse and strongly affects the care and support that the women and girls receive. Research evidences reveal that men are more strongly affected by COVOD-19 compared to women. Thus, it becomes utmost important that the gender perspectives of COVID-19 should be understood properly and proper institutional mechanisms should be in place to address gender equality while finding mitigating measures to curb the pandemic of COVID-19.
Machine Learning in Maxillofacial Radiology
Authors: Shetty Shishir , Reddy Sesha , Shetty Raghavendra , Halkai Rahul , Shetty Sunaina , Halkai Kiran
Published: March 2023

Radiology is one of the branches of medical science that has made rapid progress over the past decades. The newer imaging modalities are highly accurate and use less of ionizing radiation. Therefore, when a radiologist interprets a radiographic image a lot of additional information is displayed on the images compared to the conventional imaging modalities. Artificial intelligence (AI) could be a possible modality which can reduce the workload of the radiologist thus allowing more time for the imaging of challenging cases. The field of Dentomaxillofacial radiology can also be benefited with AI since the number of qualified maxillofacial radiologist are lesser in number. AI can be helpful in various diagnostic procedures involving maxillofacial radiology. The applications could vary from age estimation using radiographs which could be beneficial for orthodontic and pedodontics purposes to radiographic detection of caries. The AI can perform a number of tasks, which could reduce the workload on a maxillofacial radiologist. However, there is a growing anxiety that AI may reduce the relevance of a radiologist in the near future. The purpose of this review is to focus on analyzing the benefits and drawbacks of AI and its application in the field of maxillofacial radiology.