bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematics of consistent truncations from generalised geometry
Authors: Cassani Davide , Josse Grégoire , Petrini Michela , Waldram Daniel
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We present a generalised geometry framework for systematically constructing consistent truncations of ten- and eleven-dimensional supergravity preserving varying fractions of supersymmetry. Truncations arise when there is a reduced structure group GS of the exceptional generalised geometry, such that the intrinsic torsion is a GS -singlet. The matter content of the truncated theory follows from group-theoretical arguments, while the gauging is determined by the sub-algebra of generalised diffeomorphisms generated by the GS -singlet vectors. After discussing the general ideas across different spacetime dimensions and amounts of supersymmetry, we provide detailed formulae for truncations to gauged half-maximal supergravity in five dimensions. In particular, we establish an expression for the generalised metric on the exceptional tangent bundle, which determines the scalar truncation ansatz. As applications, we show that this formalism gives a simple derivation of a new consistent truncation of type IIB supergravity on β-deformed Lunin-Maldacena geometries, yielding half-maximal supergravity coupled to two vector multiplets, and of the truncation of eleven-dimensional supergravity on Maldacena-Núñez geometries, given by S4 twisted over a Riemann surface, which leads to half-maximal supergravity coupled to three vector multiplets.
Pion condensation in a soft-wall AdS/QCD model
Authors: Lv Meng , Li Danning , He Song
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Finite isospin chemical potential μI and temperature T have been introduced in the framework of soft-wall AdS/QCD model. By self-consistently solving the equation of motion, we obtain the phase boundary of pion condensation phase, across which the system undergoes a phase transition between pion condensation phase and normal phase. Compar- ing the free energy of solutions with and without pion condensation, we find that the phase transition is of first order type both at large μI and small μI. Qualitatively, the behavior at large μI is in agreement with the lattice simulation in [6], while the behavior at small μI is different from lattice simulations and previous studies in hard wall AdS/QCD model. This indicates that a full back-reaction model including the interaction of gluo-dynamics and chiral dynamics might be necessary to describe the small μI pion condensation phase. This study could provide certain clues to build a more realistic holographic model.
Light hidden mesons through the Z portal
Authors: Cheng Hsin-Chia , Li Lingfeng , Salvioni Ennio , Verhaaren Christopher B.
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Confining hidden sectors are an attractive possibility for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). They are especially motivated by neutral naturalness theories, which reconcile the lightness of the Higgs with the strong constraints on colored top partners. We study hidden QCD with one light quark flavor, coupled to the SM via effective operators suppressed by the mass M of new electroweak-charged particles. This effective field theory is inspired by a new tripled top model of supersymmetric neutral naturalness. The hidden sector is accessed primarily via the Z and Higgs portals, which also mediate the decays of the hidden mesons back to SM particles. We find that exotic Z decays at the LHC and future Z factories provide the strongest sensitivity to this scenario, and we outline a wide array of searches. For a larger hidden confinement scale Λ ∼ O (10) GeV, the exotic Z decays dominantly produce final states with two hidden mesons. ATLAS and CMS can probe their prompt decays up to M ∼ 3 TeV at the high luminosity phase, while a TeraZ factory would extend the reach up to M ∼ 20 TeV through a combination of searches for prompt and displaced signals. For smaller Λ ∼ O (1) GeV, the Z decays to the hidden sector produce jets of hidden mesons, which are long-lived. LHCb will be a powerful probe of these emerging jets. Furthermore, the light hidden vector meson could be detected by proposed dark photon searches.
Searching the landscape of flux vacua with genetic algorithms
Authors: Cole Alex , Schachner Andreas , Shiu Gary
Published: November 2019

Abstract

In this paper, we employ genetic algorithms to explore the landscape of type IIB flux vacua. We show that genetic algorithms can efficiently scan the landscape for viable solutions satisfying various criteria. More specifically, we consider a symmetric T6 as well as the conifold region of a Calabi-Yau hypersurface. We argue that in both cases genetic algorithms are powerful tools for finding flux vacua with interesting phenomenological properties. We also compare genetic algorithms to algorithms based on different breeding mechanisms as well as random walk approaches.
Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitszustand junger Ärzte und professionell Pflegender in deutschen Krankenhäusern
Authors: Raspe Matthias , Koch Peter , Zilezinski Max , Schulte Kevin , Bitzinger Diane , Gaiser Ulrike , Hammerschmidt Andreas , Köhnlein Ralf , Puppe Julian , Tress Florian , Uden Theodor , Nienhaus Albert
Published: November 2019

Hintergrund

Tief greifende Veränderungen im Gesundheitswesen haben für junge Angestellte in der stationären Patientenversorgung zu einem stark verdichteten Arbeitsalltag geführt. Vorarbeiten legen eine Gesundheitsgefährdung durch diese Arbeitsbedingungen nahe.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Studie hatte zum Ziel, mit einer interprofessionellen Erhebung aktuelle Belastungsfaktoren, deren Konsequenzen und subjektive Verbesserungsbedarfe zu untersuchen.

Methoden

Im September 2017 wurde eine anonymisierte Querschnittserhebung unter Ärzten und professionell Pflegenden bis ≤35 Jahre und mit maximal 6 Jahren Berufserfahrung in der stationären Patientenversorgung durchgeführt. Der Feldzugang erfolgte über sieben teilnehmende Fachgesellschaften und Berufsverbände. Der elektronische Fragebogen enthielt überwiegend validierte Erhebungsinstrumente. Durch Regressionsmodelle wurden mögliche Störfaktoren in die Datenanalyse einbezogen.

Ergebnisse

In die endgültige Analyse gingen 1060 komplette Fälle ein. Die Teilnahmequote lag bei 13 %. Es wurden u. a. zeitliche und psychosoziale Belastungsfaktoren mit überwiegend erheblicher Ausprägung festgestellt. Diese Belastungsfaktoren sind mit einem reduzierten Gesundheitszustand und erhöhtem Burn-out-Risiko sowie einer subjektiv schlechteren Versorgungsqualität assoziiert. Junge Ärzte wünschen sich weniger Dokumentation und eine Reduktion der Arbeitsverdichtung; junge Pflegende erwarten eine leistungsgerechte Bezahlung und festgelegte Personalschlüssel.

Diskussion

Aktuelle Arbeitsbedingungen stellen eine Gesundheitsgefährdung junger Angestellter in der stationären Patientenversorgung dar. Es müssen Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden, die den Leistungserbringern nachhaltig ein gesundes und effektives Arbeiten ermöglichen.
Effects of early life and current housing on sensitivity to reward loss in a successive negative contrast test in pigs
Authors: Luo L. , Reimert I. , Graat E. A. M. , Smeets S. , Kemp B. , Bolhuis J. E.
Published: November 2019

Animals in a negative affective state seem to be more sensitive to reward loss, i.e. an unexpected decrease in reward size. The aim of this study was to investigate whether early-life and current enriched vs. barren housing conditions affect the sensitivity to reward loss in pigs using a successive negative contrast test. Pigs (n = 64 from 32 pens) were housed in barren or enriched conditions from birth onwards, and at 7 weeks of age experienced either a switch in housing conditions (from barren to enriched or vice versa) or not. Allotting pigs to the different treatments was balanced for coping style (proactive vs. reactive). One pig per pen was trained to run for a large reward and one for a small reward. Reward loss was introduced for pigs receiving the large reward after 11 days (reward downshift), i.e. from then onwards, they received the small reward. Pigs housed in barren conditions throughout life generally had a lower probability and higher latency to get the reward than other pigs. Proactive pigs ran overall slower than reactive pigs. After the reward downshift, all pigs ran slower. Nevertheless, reward downshift increased the latency and reduced the probability to get to the reward, but only in pigs exposed to barren conditions in early life, which thus were more sensitive to reward loss than pigs from enriched early life housing. In conclusion, barren housed pigs seemed overall less motivated for the reward, and early life housing conditions had long-term effects on the sensitivity to reward loss.
How theory and design-based research can mature PBL practice and research
Authors: Dolmans Diana H. J. M.
Published: November 2019

Many educational institutions in higher education switched to problem-based learning (PBL) in the last 5 decades. Despite its’ successful implementation worldwide, many institutions still encounter problems in their daily teaching practices that limit deep learning in students. This raises the question: How else can we look at PBL practice and research? The main argument of this reflective paper is to better align PBL practice with the theories or principles of contextual, constructive, self-directed and collaborative learning. This paper explains what these principles or theories are. In addition, it discusses a new way to bridge theory and practice: design-based research (DBR), which combines redesigning theory-based teaching practices with investigating these practices in close collaboration with various stakeholders. There is no one-size-fits-all solution to address the problems encountered in PBL. We should be very careful in drawing conclusions about which PBL approach works best. No single solution works optimally under all conditions. At most, DBR can help us gain better insight into why PBL with certain characteristics, preferably based on theory, might work in a specific context with particular goals in mind.
Cryopreservation enables long-term conservation of critically endangered species Rubus humulifolius
Authors: Edesi Jaanika , Tolonen Jonne , Ruotsalainen Anna Liisa , Aspi Jouni , Häggman Hely
Published: November 2019

Ex situ storage plays an important role in the conservation of plant biodiversity. Cryopreservation at ultra-low temperatures (−  196 °C) is the only long-term ex situ preservation method for plant species that cannot be stored in seed banks. In the present study, we developed a cryopreservation protocol for micropropagated Rubus humulifolius (Rosaceae) plants representing currently critically endangered population of the species in Finland. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been found to increase the freezing tolerance of several plant species. Thus, we studied the effect of a 10-day pretreatment with 0, 2 or 4 mg/l ABA in comparison to freshly dissected buds. We also studied how the duration of in vitro subculture affects cryopreservation result. The ABA pretreatment had divergent effect on control and cryopreserved buds: the regeneration of non-cryopreserved control buds increased from 51% to 70%, 90% or 87% while the regeneration of cryopreserved buds decreased from 52% to 35%, 6% or 9% after 0, 2 or 4 mg/l ABA pre-treatments, respectively. Buds from plants subcultured for 1 month had 63% survival, which, however, decreased to 29% or nil% after 2 or 4 months subculture. The regenerated plants were successfully transferred from in vitro to in vivo conditions in common garden. Growing in garden is needed for future restoration of the species in wild. Cryostorage and other ex situ conservation actions carried out in botanical gardens may be of increasing importance as a tool to maintain plant biodiversity in the future.
Neuroprotection in Rats Following Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury by GLP-1 Analogues—Liraglutide and Semaglutide
Authors: Basalay Maryna V. , Davidson Sean M. , Yellon Derek M.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

A substantial number of ischaemic stroke patients who receive reperfusion therapy in the acute phase do not ever fully recover. This reveals the urgent need to develop new adjunctive neuroprotective treatment strategies alongside reperfusion therapy. Previous experimental studies demonstrated the potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to reduce acute ischaemic damage in the brain. Here, we examined the neuroprotective effects of two GLP-1 analogues, liraglutide and semaglutide.

Methods

A non-diabetic rat model of acute ischaemic stroke involved 90, 120 or 180 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Liraglutide or semaglutide was administered either i.v. at the onset of reperfusion or s.c. 5 min before the onset of reperfusion. Infarct size and functional status were evaluated after 24 h or 72 h of reperfusion.

Results

Liraglutide, administered as a bolus at the onset of reperfusion, reduced infarct size by up to 90% and improved neuroscore at 24 h in a dose-dependent manner, following 90-min, but not 120-min or 180-min ischaemia. Semaglutide and liraglutide administered s.c. reduced infarct size by 63% and 48%, respectively, and improved neuroscore at 72 h following 90-min MCAO. Neuroprotection by semaglutide was abolished by GLP1-R antagonist exendin(9-39).

Conclusion

Infarct-limiting and functional neuroprotective effects of liraglutide are dose-dependent. Neuroprotection by semaglutide is at least as strong as by liraglutide and is mediated by GLP-1Rs.
Automatic Annotation of Retinal Layers in Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Dodo Bashir Isa , Li Yongmin , Eltayef Khalid , Liu Xiaohui
Published: November 2019

Early diagnosis of retinal OCT images has been shown to curtail blindness and visual impairments. However, the advancement of ophthalmic imaging technologies produces an ever-growing scale of retina images, both in volume and variety, which overwhelms the ophthalmologist ability to segment these images. While many automated methods exist, speckle noise and intensity inhomogeneity negatively impacts the performance of these methods. We present a comprehensive and fully automatic method for annotation of retinal layers in OCT images comprising of fuzzy histogram hyperbolisation (FHH) and graph cut methods to segment 7 retinal layers across 8 boundaries. The FHH handles speckle noise and inhomogeneity in the preprocessing step. Then the normalised vertical image gradient, and it’s inverse to represent image intensity in calculating two adjacency matrices and then the FHH reassigns the edge-weights to make edges along retinal boundaries have a low cost, and graph cut method identifies the shortest-paths (layer boundaries). The method is evaluated on 150 B-Scan images, 50 each from the temporal, foveal and nasal regions were used in our study. Promising experimental results have been achieved with high tolerance and adaptability to contour variance and pathological inconsistency of the retinal layers in all (temporal, foveal and nasal) regions. The method also achieves high accuracy, sensitivity, and Dice score of 0.98360, 0.9692 and 0.9712, respectively in segmenting the retinal nerve fibre layer. The annotation can facilitate eye examination by providing accurate results. The integration of the vertical gradients into the graph cut framework, which captures the unique characteristics of retinal structures, is particularly useful in finding the actual minimum paths across multiple retinal layer boundaries. Prior knowledge plays an integral role in image segmentation.
Extreme Sensitivity and Climate Tipping Points
Authors: Ashwin Peter , von der Heydt Anna S.
Published: November 2019

A climate state close to a tipping point will have a degenerate linear response to perturbations, which can be associated with extreme values of the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). In this paper we contrast linearized (‘instantaneous’) with fully nonlinear geometric (‘two-point’) notions of ECS, in both presence and absence of tipping points. For a stochastic energy balance model of the global mean surface temperature with two stable regimes, we confirm that tipping events cause the appearance of extremes in both notions of ECS. Moreover, multiple regimes with different mean sensitivities are visible in the two-point ECS. We confirm some of our findings in a physics-based multi-box model of the climate system.
SF-36 predicts 13-year CHD incidence in a middle-aged Swedish general population
Authors: Nilsson Evalill , Festin Karin , Lowén Mats , Kristenson Margareta
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To study the predictive ability of each of the eight scales of SF-36 on 13-year all-cause mortality and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in a general middle-aged population.

Methods

The population-based, longitudinal “Life-conditions, Stress and Health” study, in 2003–2004 enrolled 1007 persons aged 45–69 years (50% female), randomly sampled from the general population in Östergötland, Sweden. Variables at baseline included the SF-36 (health-related quality of life, HRQoL) and self-reported disease. Incident CHD (morbidity and mortality) and all-cause mortality data for the study population during the first 13 years from baseline were obtained from national Swedish registries.

Results

Seven of the eight SF-36 scales predicted CHD (sex- and age-adjusted Hazard Ratios up to 2.15; p ≤ 0.05), while only the Physical Functioning scale significantly predicted all-cause mortality. Further adjustments for presence of (self-reported) disease did not, in most cases, alter these significant predictions.

Conclusion

Low SF-36 scores predict risk of CHD, also after adjustment for present disease, supporting the biopsychosocial model of health and disease. Measures of HRQoL yield important information and can add to the cardiopreventive toolbox, including primary prevention efforts, as it is such a simple and relatively inexpensive tool.
Integration moderner Lehrmethoden in den Humangenetik-Unterricht in Tübingen
Authors: Schmidt Thorsten , Buchert Rebecca , Mau-Holzmann Ulrike
Published: November 2019

Hintergrund

Ein Großteil der universitären Lehre findet immer noch in Form von klassischem Frontalunterricht, zumeist als Vorlesung statt. Lernphysiologisch kommt diese Form des Unterrichts den Studierenden wenig entgegen, denn ohne Wiederholungen vergessen diese mehr als die Hälfte des frisch Gelernten bereits nach kurzer Zeit. Dies hängt auch damit zusammen, dass sich Studierende in Vorlesungen üblicherweise passiv verhalten und eine aktive oder gar interaktive Stufe des Lernens häufig nicht erreicht wird.

Ziel der Arbeit und Methoden

Um diesem Dilemma entgegenzuwirken, haben wir in Tübingen in unseren Humangenetik-Unterricht moderne Lehrmethoden, wie umgedrehten Unterricht („inverted classroom“) und Umfragesysteme („audience response“) integriert. Außerdem haben wir das an vielen Universitäten für den Studiengang Humanmedizin bereits erfolgreich eingesetzte problemorientierte Lernen in den Humangenetik-Unterricht integriert.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Die meisten Studierenden kannten diese modernen Lehrmethoden noch nicht aus anderen Lehrveranstaltungen, bewerteten deren Einsatz jedoch ausgesprochen positiv und wünschten sich, dass diese Methoden auch in anderen Lehrveranstaltungen integriert werden sollten. Positiv überrascht waren wir davon, wie gut diese modernen Lehrmethoden von den Studierenden angenommen wurden.
Combined use of eBeam irradiation and the potential probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Vahe for control of foodborne pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Balayan Marine H. , Pepoyan Astghik Z. , Manvelyan Anahit M. , Tsaturyan Vardan V. , Grigoryan Bagrat , Abrahamyan Arusyak , Chikindas Michael L.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The implementation of electron beam radiation coupled with the use of probiotics is one of the newest food processing technologies that may be used to ensure food safety and improve shelf life of food products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 50–150-Gy electron beam irradiation on the antimicrobial activity of the putative probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus Vahe.

Methods

Low-dose electron beam irradiation of lactobacilli cells was performed using the Advanced Research Electron Accelerator Laboratory’s electron accelerator, and the agar well diffusion method and Verhulst logistic function were used to evaluate the effect of radiation on anti–Klebsiella pneumoniae activity of the cell free supernatant of L. rhamnosus Vahe cells in vitro.

Results

Our results suggest that 50–150-Gy electron beam irradiation decreases the viability of the investigated lactobacilli, but does not significantly change the probiotic’s activity against K. pneumoniae.

Conclusions

Results indicate that the combined use of irradiation and L. rhamnosus Vahe might be suggested for non-thermal food sterilizing technologies.
Graph-based exploration and clustering analysis of semantic spaces
Authors: Veremyev Alexander , Semenov Alexander , Pasiliao Eduardo L. , Boginski Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The goal of this study is to demonstrate how network science and graph theory tools and concepts can be effectively used for exploring and comparing semantic spaces of word embeddings and lexical databases. Specifically, we construct semantic networks based on word2vec representation of words, which is “learnt” from large text corpora (Google news, Amazon reviews), and “human built” word networks derived from the well-known lexical databases: WordNet and Moby Thesaurus. We compare “global” (e.g., degrees, distances, clustering coefficients) and “local” (e.g., most central nodes and community-type dense clusters) characteristics of considered networks. Our observations suggest that human built networks possess more intuitive global connectivity patterns, whereas local characteristics (in particular, dense clusters) of the machine built networks provide much richer information on the contextual usage and perceived meanings of words, which reveals interesting structural differences between human built and machine built semantic networks. To our knowledge, this is the first study that uses graph theory and network science in the considered context; therefore, we also provide interesting examples and discuss potential research directions that may motivate further research on the synthesis of lexicographic and machine learning based tools and lead to new insights in this area.
A Multi-physics Methodology for Four States of Matter
Authors: Michael Louisa , Millmore Stephen T. , Nikiforakis Nikolaos
Published: November 2019

We propose a numerical methodology for the simultaneous numerical simulation of four states of matter: gas, liquid, elastoplastic solids, and plasma. The distinct, interacting physical processes are described by a combination of compressible, inert, and reactive forms of the Euler equations, multi-phase equations, elastoplastic equations, and resistive MHD equations. Combinations of systems of equations are usually solved by coupling finite element for solid modelling and CFD models for fluid modelling or including material effects through boundary conditions rather than full material discretisation. Our simultaneous solution methodology lies on the recasting of all the equations in the same, hyperbolic form allowing their solution on the same grid with the same finite volume numerical schemes. We use a combination of sharp- and diffuse-interface methods to track or capture material interfaces, depending on the application. The communication between the distinct systems of equations (i.e., materials separated by sharp interfaces) is facilitated by means of mixed-material Riemann solvers at the boundaries of the systems, which represent physical material boundaries. To this end, we derive approximate mixed-material Riemann solvers for each pair of the above models based on characteristic equations. To demonstrate the applicability of the new methodology, we consider a case study, where we investigate the possibility of ignition of a combustible gas that lies over a liquid in a metal container that is struck by a plasma arc akin to a lightning strike. We study the effect of the metal container material and its conductivity on the ignition of the combustible gas, as well as the effects of an additional dielectric coating, the sensitivity of the gas, and differences between scenarios with sealed and pre-damaged metal surfaces.
On Pricing Unconventional Prepaid Forward Contracts: Evidence fromen primeurFine Wine
Authors: Czupryna Marcin , Jakubczyk Michał , Oleksy Paweł
Published: November 2019

Anen primeuragreement is an unconventional forward contract. In this article, we provide a new conceptual framework for analyzing the properties ofen primeurprices based on the cost of carry approach. The results, based upon Bayesian modeling, indicate that the cost of carry increases up to 0.9598 whenen primeurand bottled wines are traded in parallel. Moreover, our findings confirm that price dispersion around the mean value is greater foren primeurwines (22.42%) than for standard bottled wines (8.2%) traded after the sale ofen primeurwines has ended. (JEL Classifications: G12, G15, L66, Q02)
Escaping the Disengagement Dilemma: Two Field Experiments on Motivating Citizens to Report on Public Services
Authors: Buntaine Mark T. , Nielson Daniel L. , Skaggs Jacob T.
Published: November 2019

To promote good governance, citizens can inform governments directly and routinely about the implementation of policies and the delivery of public services. Yet citizens lack incentives to provide information when they do not expect governments to be responsive, and citizen disengagement in turn often prevents governments from providing public goods effectively. In two field experiments, we studied potential remedies to this dilemma related to solid waste services in Uganda. We randomly assigned reporters to be recruited by community nomination and to be recognized by community leaders in an attempt to select for and motivate information sharing. We also randomly assigned reporters to hear from the government about how their reports were used to make real improvements to waste services. Community nominations and public announcements did not increase reporting. However, responsiveness boosted participation over several months for reporters who had been recruited earliest and had been reporting longest, highlighting the critical role of timely government responsiveness in sustaining information flows from citizens.
Power, Predistribution, and Social Justice
Authors: O'Neill Martin
Published: November 2019

The idea of predistribution has the potential to offer a valuable and distinctive approach to political philosophers, political scientists, and economists, in thinking about social justice and the creation of more egalitarian economies. It is also an idea that has drawn the interest of politicians of the left and centre-left, promising an alternative to traditional forms of social democracy. But the idea of predistribution is not well understood, and stands in need of elucidation. This article explores ways of drawing the conceptual and normative distinction between predistribution and redistribution, examining those general categories when considering the roles of public services and fiscal transfers, and looking at the ways in which government policies can empower and disempower different individuals and groups within the economy. This article argues that the most initially plausible and common-sensical ways of drawing the distinction between predistributive and redistributive public policies collapse when put under analytical pressure. It concludes that the distinction between predistribution and redistribution is best seen in terms of the aims or effects of policies rather than a deeper division of policy types, and argues that, once seen in those terms, predistribution is a central concern of social justice.
Are changes in ADHD course reflected in differences in IQ and executive functioning from childhood to young adulthood?
Authors: Agnew-Blais Jessica C. , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Danese Andrea , Wertz Jasmin , Moffitt Terrie E. , Arseneault Louise
Published: November 2019

Background

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with poorer cognitive functioning. We used a developmental, genetically-sensitive approach to examine intelligence quotient (IQ) from early childhood to young adulthood among those with different ADHD courses to investigate whether changes in ADHD were reflected in differences in IQ. We also examined executive functioning in childhood and young adulthood among different ADHD courses.

Methods

Study participants were part of the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a population-based birth cohort of 2232 twins. We assessed ADHD in childhood (ages 5, 7, 10 and 12) and young adulthood (age 18). We examined ADHD course as reflected by remission, persistence and late-onset. IQ was evaluated at ages 5, 12 and 18, and executive functioning at ages 5 and 18.

Results

ADHD groups showed deficits in IQ across development compared to controls; those with persistent ADHD showed the greatest deficit, followed by remitted and late-onset. ADHD groups did not differ from controls in developmental trajectory of IQ, suggesting changes in ADHD were not reflected in IQ. All ADHD groups performed more poorly on executive functioning tasks at ages 5 and 18; persisters and remitters differed only on an inhibitory control task at age 18.

Conclusions

Differences in ADHD course – persistence, remission and late-onset – were not directly reflected in changes in IQ. Instead, having ADHD at any point across development was associated with lower average IQ and poorer executive functioning. Our finding that individuals with persistent ADHD have poorer response inhibition than those who remitted requires replication.
An Obscure Performance in Life and Education
Authors: YÜCEIL ZEYNEP GÜNSÜR
Published: November 2019

After the military intervention of 1980, Turkey's intellectual and social democrats were devastated – imprisoned, escaped to exile, silenced, killed – in the hands of the coup d’état and all the prohibitions that came with it until the first half of the 1980s. Then the famous Turgut Özal government with its unprecedented liberal economic policies came into the picture. Towards the end of the 1980s, a new generation of theatre and performance artists started to stage their response to all this madness and became visible to older generations who had long lost hope and vitality in terms of artistic and humanitarian production. I had the chance to get involved in this artistic endeavour through some of the emerging initiatives, such as Green Grapes Dance Company, Bilsak Theatre Company, Şahika Tekand, Kumpanya, Dance Factory, DAGS (Interdisciplinary Young Artists Association), Hüseyin Katırcıoğlu and Assos Theatre Festival. The works were relentless and new. Bodies were in need of fresh air, and artistic expression in performance did not follow the traditional routes or accepted notions while fully embracing the possibility of not being seen. Actually, the emerging artists did not give a damn. Interestingly – or obviously – enough, most of them were outcasts coming from other fields such as sociology, literature, engineering, law and so on. In relation to this, the artistic and performative visions they put forward were truly interdisciplinary. The contemporary visual art scene and performing arts were in an honest conversation perhaps for the first time in Turkish art history.
Kurdish Resistance and the Dramaturgy of Fire
Authors: METIN MIRZA
Published: November 2019

Fire is one of the most magical elements in existence. It is everywhere: in the sky and on the ground, in hearts and in minds, inside and out, in water, in the air and in the soil … It is both divine and demonic. It is between light and dark. It is the source of both life and death. It is a clash. A clash that gave rise to our existence and, simultaneously, the creation of an error.
Introduction
Authors: ILTER SEDA
Published: November 2019

The sociopolitical turbulence in the recent history of Turkey has radically affected the theatre and performance scene. In a climate of fear and repression, performing arts have been fighting for survival and developing ways to endure the dark times, to achieve freedom of artistic expression and open platforms for critical communication. This collection of articles considers contemporary theatre and performance in Turkey, reflecting on some of the complex issues that practitioners, academics and institutions have faced in the current political environment. Each author presents a part of the complex picture of theatre and performance culture in Turkey, and hopes to start a conversation about this oppressed, yet fertile, artistic landscape.
The retinal pigments of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) and their role in visual foraging ecology
Authors: Fasick Jeffry I. , Algrain Haya , Serba Katherine M. , Robinson Phyllis R.
Published: November 2019

The spectral tuning properties of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) rod (rhodopsin or Rh1) and long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) cone visual pigments were examined to determine whether these retinal pigments have adapted to the broadband light spectrum available for surface foraging or to the narrowband blue-shifted light spectrum available at depth. Recently published whale shark genomes have identified orthologous genes for both the whale sharkRh1andLWScone opsins suggesting a duplex retina. Here, the whale shark Rh1 and LWS cone opsin sequences were examined to identify amino acid residues critical for spectral tuning. Surprisingly, the predicted absorbance maximum (λmax) for both the whale shark Rh1 and LWS visual pigments is near 500 nm. Although Rh1λmaxvalues near 500 nm are typical of terrestrial vertebrates, as well as surface foraging fish, it is uncommon for a vertebrate LWS cone pigment to be so greatly blue-shifted. We propose that the spectral tuning properties of both the whale shark Rh1 and LWS cone pigments are most likely adaptations to the broadband light spectrum available at the surface. Whale shark melanopsin (Opn4) deactivation kinetics was examined to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of the pupillary light reflex. Results show that the deactivation rate of whale shark Opn4 is similar to the Opn4 deactivation rate from vertebrates possessing duplex retinae and is significantly faster than the Opn4 deactivation rate from an aquatic rod monochromat lacking functional cone photoreceptors. The rapid deactivation rate of whale shark Opn4 is consistent with a functional cone class and would provide the animal with an exponential increase in the number of photons required for photoreceptor signaling when transitioning from photopic to scotopic light conditions, as is the case when diving.
Association between food insecurity and emotional eating in Latinos and the mediating role of perceived stress
Authors: López-Cepero Andrea , Frisard Christine , Bey Ganga , Lemon Stephenie C , Rosal Milagros C
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To examine the association between food insecurity and emotional eating (EE) in US Latinxs and explore the mediating role of perceived stress.

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis. Food insecurity was measured with the six-item US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Scale; EE with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire R18-V2; and perceived stress with Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale-10. Covariates included age, sex, education, marital status, household size and country of birth. Mediation was tested using the Baron and Kenny method and the mediated proportion was calculated. Analyses included multivariable linear regression and multinomial logistic regression.

Setting:

A largely Latinx city in Massachusetts, USA. Participants were recruited from a community health centre serving a large portion of this Latinx community.

Participants:

Latinx individuals (n 580), aged 21–84 years.

Results:

Overall, 34·4 % were food insecure and 33·8 % experienced High EE. Food insecurity was associated (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) with higher odds of High EE (1·96; 1·28, 3·02) but not Low EE (1·27; 0·82, 1·99). Food insecurity was associated (β; 95 % CI) with higher perceived stress (5·69; 4·20, 7·19). Perceived stress was associated (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) with High EE (1·09; 1·06, 1·12) but not Low EE (1·00; CI 0·97, 1·02). When perceived stress was added in the main effects model, food insecurity was no longer associated (OR; 95 % CI) with High EE (1·31; 0·83, 2·07) and explained 69·9 % of the association between food insecurity and High EE.

Conclusions:

The association between food insecurity and high EE among Latinxs may be largely mediated by perceived stress. Longitudinal studies are needed.
Policy Transfer and Part 2 of the Housing Act (Wales) 2014
Authors: Wilding Mark , Madoc-Jones Iolo , Ahmed Anya , Gibbons Andrea , Jones Katy , Rogers Michaela
Published: November 2019

Part 2 of the Housing Act (Wales) 2014 and its implementation has been keenly observed by governments outside of Wales, as they continue to search for policy solutions to help address the homelessness crisis. This article examines the extent to which there has been policy transfer from Wales to other national contexts and the potential for such transfer to occur in the future. It is identified that some transfer has already taken place within the UK and there is the potential for future policy transfer both within the UK and internationally. Adaptation to each of the new contexts is necessary to underpin successful transfer of provisions of the Act; however, outside of the UK this will need to be more extensive and include the introduction of a right to housing.
Breast tissue tumor detection using “S” parameter analysis with an UWB stacked aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna having a “ + ” shaped defected ground structure
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Kaur Amanpreet
Published: November 2019

Microwave imaging is an efficient technique that can be used for the early detection of breast cancer. Therefore the current research article presents the microwave imaging of two spherical tumors (radius 4 and 5 mm) in the breast phantom by using the monostatic radar-based technique. This is carried out by using an ultra-wideband (4.9–10.9 GHz), three-layered stacked aperture coupled microstrip antenna (SACMPA) with a defected ground structure to scan the breast phantom and make near field S parameter measurements from a breast phantom. The S parameter data from different locations and at different time intervals are noted and then used in a beam-forming algorithm; Delay and Sum to process it and form a 2D image of the tumor location in the breast phantom using MATLAB.

The proposed SACMPA is a three-layered structure with overall dimensions of 37 × 43 × 4.85 mm3 that shows an impedance bandwidth of 6 GHz (4.9–10.9 GHz) and a simulated peak gain of 6.32 dB at a frequency of 9.1 GHz. The validation of S parameters and gain results are done using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and an anechoic chamber. The experimental validation of the proposed microwave imaging procedure is done by allowing the SACMPA to radiate parallel to the breast phantom made from polythene (skin), petroleum jelly (fat), and wheat flour (with water as tumor) and record the S parameters on the VNA. The proposed microwave method is safe for human exposure as the antenna also shows simulated specific absorption rates of 0.271 and 1.115 W/Kg (on the breast phantom) at frequencies of 5.7 and 6.5 GHz, respectively (for 1 g of body tissue).
Zur Bedeutung des Clinical Assessments im Akutspital
Authors: Kramer Iris , Gresch Barbara , Fringer André
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung. Das Clinical Assessment hat sich in der Schweiz nach angloamerikanischem Vorbild entwickelt. Bisher gibt es jedoch kaum Studien zur Anwendung in der Schweiz. Deshalb haben wir mit einer Befragung untersucht, wie Pflegende mit einem Bachelorabschluss das Clinical Assessment in der Praxis anwenden und welche Auswirkungen sich dadurch ergeben. Es zeigt sich ein sehr gemischtes Bild darüber, wie der Brückenschlag zwischen Studium und Praxis gelingt.
Where Does the Carbon Go When Permafrost Coasts Erode?
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: November 2019

Arctic coastlines have not been considered carefully in carbon cycles for long, but new research suggests that eroding permafrost may emit more greenhouse gases than previously thought.
Keystone Pipeline Spills 9,120 Barrels of Oil in Dakota Wetlands
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: November 2019

The leak took place along a preexisting section of the Keystone Pipeline. This is the pipeline’s fourth spill in 9 years.
On the Origin of Radial Anisotropy Near Subducted Slabs in the Midmantle
Authors: Sturgeon William , Ferreira Ana M.G. , Faccenda Manuele , Chang Sung‐Joon , Schardong Lewis
Published: November 2019

Recent seismic studies indicate the presence of seismic anisotropy near subducted slabs in the transition zone and uppermost lower mantle (mid‐mantle). In this study, we investigate the origin of radial anisotropy in the mid‐mantle using 3‐D geodynamic subduction models combined with mantle fabric simulations. These calculations are compared with seismic tomography images to constrain the range of possible causes of the observed anisotropy. We consider three subduction scenarios: (i) slab stagnation at the bottom of the transition zone; (ii) slab trapped in the uppermost lower mantle; and (iii) slab penetration into the deep lower mantle. For each scenario, we consider a range of parameters, including several slip systems of bridgmanite and its grain‐boundary mobility. Modeling of lattice‐preferred orientation shows that the upper transition zone is characterized by fast‐SV radial anisotropy anomalies up to −1.5%. For the stagnating and trapped slab scenarios, the uppermost lower mantle is characterized by two fast‐SH radial anisotropy anomalies of ∼+2% beneath the slab's tip and hinge. On the other hand, the penetrating slab is associated with fast‐SH radial anisotropy anomalies of up to ∼+1.3% down to a depth of 2,000 km. Four possible easy slip systems of bridgmanite lead to a good consistency between the mantle modeling and the seismic tomography images: [100](010), [010](100), [001](100), and
. The anisotropy anomalies obtained from shape‐preferred orientation calculations do not fit seismic tomography images in the mid‐mantle as well as lattice‐preferred orientation calculations, especially for slabs penetrating into the deep lower mantle.
A New Perspective for Future Precipitation Change from Intense Extratropical Cyclones
Authors: Kodama C. , Stevens B. , Mauritsen T. , Seiki T. , Satoh M.
Published: November 2019

Extratropical cyclones, major contributors to precipitation in the midlatitudes, comprise mesoscale fronts and fine‐scale convective storms. Intense oceanic cyclones pose natural hazards, making reliable projections of their changes with global warming of great interest. Here, we analyze the first ever global climate simulations to resolve such mesoscale dynamics of extratropical cyclones. The present‐day structure, frequency, and precipitation of the oceanic extratropical cyclones compare well with reanalyses and new satellite datasets that resolve the multiscale cloud‐precipitation system. Simulated precipitation from intense oceanic cyclones increases at a rate of 7%/K1, following Clausius‐Clapeyron, with warming. The same scaling is apparent also in the interhemispheric contrast, suggesting that the latter could serve as a predictor of the former. Projected changes in precipitation from intense oceanic cyclones with warming may thus be testable using a reliable global observation network of precipitation in the present day.
IpsDst of Dst Storms Applied to Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Storms and Low‐Latitude Aurora
Authors: Balan N. , Zhang Qing‐He , Shiokawa K. , Skoug R. , Xing Zanyang , Tulasi Ram S. , Otsuka Y.
Published: November 2019

Conventionally, the minimum value of Dst (DstMin) and maximum values of Kp and AE (Kpmaxand AEmax) representing the geomagnetic storm intensities have been used for investigating space weather in Earth's environment. The present paper uses the derived parameters (IpsDst, IpsKp, and IpsAE) giving the mean values of Dst, Kp, and AE during the main phase (MP) of Dst storms for investigating ionosphere‐thermosphere storms and low‐latitude (630 nm) aurora. The derived parameters (IpsDst, IpsKp, and IpsAE) representing the impulsive strength of geomagnetic storms seem to have more systematic dependence among themselves than among the intensities (DstMin, Kpmax, and AEmax). The ionosphere‐thermosphere storms observed by the CHAMP (Challenging Minisatellite Payload) satellite and low‐latitude auroras observed by optical imagers are much more intense during high impulsive storms than high intensity storms. In a statistical sense, over 175 positive ionospheric storms (△NmF2) observed in 1985–2005 and the intensity of 20 red auroras observed in 1989–2004 at midlatitudes correlate better with the impulsive parameters than the intensity parameters, with the best correlation being with IpsDst. The mechanism of the impulsive action (high‐energy input over a short duration) leading to large IpsDst arises from the impact of fast solar storms (interplanetary coronal mass ejections) with large IMF Bz southward at their front (or shock). The impulsive action results in bright low‐latitude auroras and strong ionosphere‐thermosphere storms.
Locally Generated ULF Waves in the Martian Magnetosphere: MAVEN Observations
Authors: Harada Y. , Ruhunusiri S. , Halekas J. S. , Espley J. , DiBraccio G. A. , Mcfadden J. P. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Collinson G. , Brain D. A. , Hara T. , Nosé M. , Oimatsu S. , Yamamoto K. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: November 2019

We investigate Martian ultralow frequency (ULF) electromagnetic waves generated by local plasma instabilities below the Martian bow shock. Recent Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations have shown that ULF waves generated upstream of the Martian bow shock can propagate down to the upper ionosphere, possibly facilitating heavy ion escape from Mars by heating the ionospheric plasma. In contrast to the upstream waves oscillating near the upstream proton cyclotron frequency, we identify narrow band ULF magnetic field fluctuations with frequencies near the local proton cyclotron frequency (fcp(local)) from MAVEN data. In addition to expected proton cyclotron waves locally generated in the magnetosheath, we newly identify compressional narrow band emissions near fcp(local) (and its harmonics for some cases) in the dayside upper ionosphere and in the nightside magnetotail. The dayside waves are preferentially observed for high solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) conditions and are often associated with ring/shell‐like, hot protons of magnetosheath origin in the presence of cold, dense ionospheric protons. The nightside waves exhibit distinct preference for high‐solar‐EUV, strong‐solar‐wind conditions, under which both warm and cold protons are enhanced. The observed properties of these compressional waves are generally consistent with a proton Bernstein mode instability driven by a positive perpendicular slope in proton velocity distribution functions. The excited waves can cause perpendicular heating of thermal protons, thereby transferring energy from precipitating hot protons to cold ionospheric protons.