bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical Analysis of IEEE 802.11ax Wireless Protocol in Wi-Fi Boosters Environments
Authors:   College of Engineering, Department of Communication and Computer Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, QasMarrogy Ghassan
Published: November 2022

All the world now is depending on networks to share information between the users, where different data types are transferred wirelessly from network to network. Using wireless LANs are important to connect the users and share the data, these Wireless LANs have different types of obstacles that affect the data sharing or the wireless signal, such as, compatibility wireless protocol types, range coverage, walls penetration, moving devices, different routing protocols, data transferred types, weak signal, and many more. In this paper a practical analysis will be made to the latest IEEE 802.11ax wireless protocol to be compared with two types of Wi-Fi booster’s networks, Mesh and Extender Wi-Fi, while transferring 4k video size data rate, inside a room and on different rooms for wall penetration analysis, while measuring the throughput, delay, and signal strength metrics. The main importance of this paper is to give a more practical understanding and avoid the main problems of using the wireless protocol 802.11ax in different network types.
Improving Prediction Accuracy of Lasso and Ridge Regression as an Alternative to LS Regression to Identify Variable Selection Problems
Authors:   Statistics department- College of Administration and Economics - Salahaddin University - Erbil, Omer Pareekhan
Published: November 2022

This paper introduces the Lasso and Ridge Regression methods, which are two popular regularization approaches. The method they give a penalty to the coefficients differs in both of them. L1 Regularization refers to Lasso linear regression, while L2 Regularization refers to Ridge regression. As we all know, regression models serve two main purposes: explanation and prediction of scientific phenomena. Where prediction accuracy will be optimized by balancing each of the bias and variance of predictions, while explanation will be gained by constructing interpretable regression models by variable selection. The penalized regression method, also known as Lasso regression, adds bias to the model's estimates and reduces variance to enhance prediction. Ridge regression, on the other hand, introduces a minor amount of bias in the data to get long-term predictions. In the presence of multicollinearity, both regression methods have been offered as an alternative to the least square approach (LS). Because they deal with multicollinearity, they have the appropriate properties to reduce numerical instability caused by overfitting. As a result, prediction accuracy can be improved. For this study, the Corona virus disease (Covid-19) dataset was used, which has had a significant impact on global life. Particularly in our region (Kurdistan), where life has altered dramatically and many people have succumbed to this deadly sickness. Our data is utilized to analyze the benefits of each of the two regression methods. The results show that the Lasso approach produces more accurate and dependable or reliable results in the presence of multicollinearity than Ridge and LS methods when compared in terms of accuracy of predictions by using NCSS10, EViews 12 and SPSS 25.
Statistics department- College of Administration and Economics - Salahaddin University - Erbil
Authors:   Department of physics, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Hawler, Jafir Adeeb , Abdullah Hallo , Ahmed Ali
Published: November 2022

Eighteen local and imported salt samples were collected in markets of Kurdistan region. The cooking salt as an essential foodstuff element in meals of population in all over the world has been examined for radioactivity assessment. Gamma ray spectroscopy of NaI (Tl) was used to obtain the spectra and measuring the specific radionuclide activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in salt samples. The related radiological indices of radium equivalent (Raeq), indoor absorbed dose, indoor annual effective dose equivalent (Ein), the internal index (Hin), annual committed effective dose (Eing) and excess life time cancer (ELCR) were calculated which were below the world safety recommendation values declared by UNSCEAR2000 and WHO. Statistics of Pearson correlation were applied to the obtained data to establish the correlation between primordial radionuclide’s and radiological hazards.
Integer-valued polynomials and binomially Noetherian rings
Authors:   1Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Science and Healthy, Koya University. University, KAREEM SHADMAN
Published: November 2022

A torsion free as a Z- module ring R with unit is said to be a binomial ring if it is preserved as binomial symbol (a¦i)≔(a(a-1)(a-2)…(a-(i-1)))/i!, for each a∈R and i ≥ 0. The polynomial ring of integer-valued in rational polynomial Q[X] is defined by Int (Z^X):={h∈Q[X]:h(Z^X)⊂Z} an important example for binomial ring and is non-Noetherian ring. In this paper the algebraic structure of binomial rings has been studied by their properties of binomial ideals. The notion of binomial ideal generated by a given set has been defined. Which allows us to define new class of Noetherian ring using binomial ideals, which we named it binomially Noetherian ring. One of main result the ring Int (Z^({x,y})) over variables x and y present as an example of that kind of class of Noetherian. In general the ring Int(Z^X) over the finite set of variables X and for a particular F subset in Z the rings Int(F^(〖{x〗_1,x_2,...,x_i} ),Z)={h∈Q[x_1,x_2,...,x_i ]:h(F^(〖{x〗_1,x_2,...,x_i} ))⊆ Z} both are presented as examples of that kind of class of Noetherian.
Coherent Dynamics of Quantum Systems with Non-Uniform Fourier Space Excited by Laser Radiation
Authors:   2Department of Higher Mathematics, Belarusian State Technological University, Minsk, Belarus., Banjak Sary , Savva Vadim
Published: November 2022

The algorithm is presented to solve dynamical equations for excitation of molecular models with multiple energy levels. It uses only discrete structures: discrete orthogonal polynomials constructed specially in Fourier space of the probability amplitudes, discrete Fourier transform and leads to exact solution of the differential equations and to discrete distribution of the quantum systems by energy levels.
New Results in Bi- Domination in Graphs
Authors:   Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology -Iraq, Al-Harere M. , Breesam Athraa
Published: November 2022

In this paper, some new results are introduced for the bi-domination in graphs. Some properties of bi-domination number and bounds according to maximum, minimum degrees, order, and size have been determined. The effects of removing a vertex and removing or adding an edge are discussed on the bi-domination number of a graph. This study is important to know affected graphs by the deletion or addition of components.
Hopf Bifurcation Analysis Of A Chaotic System
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Education, University of Raparin, Raniyah, Kurdistan Region - Iraq., Salih Rizgar , Mohammed Bashdar
Published: November 2022

This paper is devoted to studying the stability of the unique equilibrium point and the occurrence of the Hopf bifurcation as well as limit cycles of a three-dimensional chaotic system. We characterize the parameters for which a Hopf equilibrium point takes place at the equilibrium point. In addition, the system has only one equilibrium point which is E_0=(0,0,0). It was proved that E_0 is asymptotically stable and unstable when α<(-13)/7 and α>(-13)/7, respectively. Moreover, for studying the cyclicity of the system, two techniques are used which are dynamics on the center manifold and Liapunov quantities. It was shown that at most two limit cycles can be bifurcated from the origin. All the results presented in this paper have been verified by a program via Maple software.
Studying Some Stochastic Differential Equations with trigonometric terms with Application
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, college of computer science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, Jasim Abdulghafoor , Asmael Ali
Published: November 2022

In this paper we look at several (trigonometric) stochastic differential equations , we find the general form for such nonlinear stochastic differential equation by using the I'to formula. Then we find the exact solution for the different trigonometric stochastic differential equations by the use of stochastic integrals. Ilustrate the approach with various examples. (precise solution using the Ito integral formula) and approximate solution (numerical approximation (the Euler-Maruyama technique and the Milstein method) were compared to the exact solutions with the error of those approaches.
New Applications of Coding Theory in The Projective Space of Order Three
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, Abdullah Hajir , Yahya Nada
Published: November 2022

The main aim of this paper is to introduce the relationship between the topic of coding theory and the projective space in field three and test the code. The maximum value of size of code over finite field of order three and an incidence matrix with the parameters, n (length of code), d (minimum distance of code) and e (error-correcting of code) have been constructed. With a theorem and a result that test the code if it is perfect or not.
A New Transformation Technique to Solve Multi-Objective Linear Programming Problems
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, 44001, Iraq, Mahmood Zhian , Sulaiman Nejmaddin
Published: November 2022

In this paper Standard Error of Mean (SEM), as a new technique, is used for transforming multi-objective linear programming problems (MOLPPs) to the single objective linear programming problems (SOLPPs). To this end, an algorithm has been proposed and suggested to solve MOLPPs, which have been tested through numerical examples by employing Excel Solver. However, the study compares the results of other techniques like (Chandra Sen, Optimal Average of Minimax and Maximin, New Arithmetic Average, New Geometric Average, New Harmonic Average, and Advanced Transformation) with the results of this new technique SEM. The numerical results indicate that a new technique in general is promising.
Combinations of L-Complex Fuzzy t-Norms and t-Conorms
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq., Sabir Pishtiwan , Qadir Aram ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar 46021, Iraq.
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the study of L-complex fuzzy sets. The L-complex fuzzy set, where L is a completely distributive lattice, is a generalization of the complex fuzzy set. The fundamental set theoretic operations on L-complex fuzzy sets are discussed properly, including L-complex fuzzy complement, union and intersection. New procedures are presented to combine the novel concepts of L-complex fuzzy t-norms and t-conorms and look into the conditions that lead to a comparable representation theorem. We have used the axiomatic method, in the sense that our underlying assumptions, especially about L, are abstract; it can thus be ascertained to what extent our results apply to some new problem. On the other hand, our method shows that if mathematics, as we use it, is consistent, so is fuzziness, as we formulate it.
Risk Factors and Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Women
Authors: Ali Mohammad H. , Hassan Abeer J. , Hasan Enas J.
Published: November 2022

Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis show predominance of metabolic disorder characterized by overweight, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance, specifically, few studies have explained insulin resistance in this disease.Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine insulin resistance and the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in middle age Iraqi women with early rheumatoid arthritis.Patients and methods: This work involved seventy female with early rheumatoid arthritis. Who was attending to the National Diabetic Center (NDC) of Al-Mustansiriya University and 35 healthy subjects as a control group. From all subjects blood sample was drawn in fasting state to measure the biochemical parameters which including plasma glucose level and fasting insulin concentrations. Other measurements (RF and anti-CCP) were made by routine methods. Homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by using the formula HOMA model Insulin sensitivity was calculated in RA patients and healthy control.Results: Results revealed a highly significant in the level of the rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-CCP and fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR when compared the patient group with the control group. While a significant increase in the level of FBG in the RA group than the control group. Also, there was a positive correlation with high significance among, Anti-CCP, and RF with HOMA-IR in the rheumatoid arthritis group. Conclusions: This study shows that patient with rheumatoid arthritis have abnormal insulin secretion with a high value of IR than a group of healthy control and these patients may be at risk of diabetic mellitus.
Effectiveness of productive infaq distribution for mustahik economy improvement (case study of Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang Regency )
Authors: Ridwan Zainal Muttaqin , Fahriansah  , Mutia Sumarni  , Di Ami Fitri
Published: December 2022

Purpose – The purpose of this research is knowing the level of effectiveness and implementation of the productive infaq distribution program in improving the mustahik economy.

Method – This research uses descriptive qualitative research, is a research that describes the state of the object of research at the present time as it is based on the results of observations, interviews, and documentation.  

Result – The results showed that the distribution of productive infaq has been effective, it can be seen from the increase in the income of mustahik after receiving productive infaq from Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang. The results also show that the distribution of productive infaq aims to help the poor who have small and medium businesses to provide capital injections to suppress the movement of moneylenders and increase family income.

Limitation – This research has limitations in terms of the relatively small number of research subjects, then the research subjects are mustahik from the Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang food security program which will be distributed productive infaq to mustahik who are entitled to receive it.

Practical Implication – As a practical implication, the results of this study can be used as a reference by the government, especially zakat institutions in distributing productive infaq to improve the mustahik economy. So that by maintaining all existing SOPs, it provides an optimal impact in the distribution process of all kinds of activities.
Inspiration of Women's Leadership in the Qur'an
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Marhaban Nawawi , Sari Maula
Published: November 2022

Women have always been an interesting topic to discuss, and the discussion of women gets a sizable portion in the Qur'an. But unfortunately, there are still some narrow views in patriarchal culture that discriminate against women. This paper aims to highlight and analyze in depth the virtues and privileges of women in the Qur'an, which so far are still considered as subordinates. The method used in this study is a library research method with a semantic approach, this approach is used to examine the verses of the Qur'an related to the privileges of women and who the women mentioned in the Qur'an are. The results showed several women mentioned in the Qur'an Maryam, Fatât Madyan, Imara'atu Fir'ûn, Malika Saba', Imra'atu Imran, Maryam bint Imran and Khaulah bint Tha'labah. Their stories in the Koran confirm that women have excelled in both spiritual and professional careers, and that their strengths aren't domination by one gender. This argument gives a different perspective that women also have equal opportunities to achieve, do good, and enter the political, leadership, social and economic spheres.
A Study of Cyclin D1, E-cadherin, EGFR, HER- 2, Ki67, and p53 Tumor Marker Expressions in Neoplastic and Non -neoplastic Gall Bladder Lesions and their Clinico-pathological Correlation
Authors: Agarwal Anshoo , Bansal Rani , Gupta Mamta
Published: November 2022

Background: Worldwide gall bladder cancer (GBC) is known to be the commonest malignant tumour of the biliary tract. It is the most aggressive carcinoma of the biliary tract with short median survival from the time of diagnosis. The aggressive biologic behaviour of the carcinoma and non-availability of sensitive screening tests for early detection may be responsible for the poor prognosis associated with GBC.

Material and Methods: Patients diagnosed with neoplastic and non-neoplastic gallbladder lesions in the Department of Pathology, Subharti Medical College in India were included in the study. Gall bladder biopsies findings and the clinic-pathological data were compiled and different immune-markers  diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness were studied .

Results: 24 (24.0%) of the cases were in the age group of 51-60 Years.  In 38 (38.0%) of the cases the site of lesion was Fundus. 55 (55.0%) of cases had associated stones. 36 (36.0%) of them had P53: strong over expression, 40 (40.0%) of the them had ki67: strong over expression, 25 (25.0%) had EGFR: strong over expression whereas negative expression for  Her2/Neu was found in 61 (61.0%) of the cases. Cyclin D1: moderate over expression was found in 27 (27.0%) of them and moderate over expression of E-cadherin were found in  22 (23.2%) cases.

Conclusions: Novel prognostic biomarkers could bring about the needed breakthrough in gall bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment. We conclude that the biomarkers studied by us  may help in the identification of cases who may benefit tremendously from adjuvant and targeted therapies.

Key words: Cyclin D1, E-cadherin, EGFR, HER- 2, Ki67,  p53, tumour marker, neoplastic , non –neoplastic, Gall bladder lesions.
Medical Student’s Perception of Diagnostic Surgical Pathology Course: Necessities, Difficulties and Solutions
Authors: Agarwal Anshoo , Shah Syed Sajid Hussain , Syed Asmara , Alrawaili Abdulmajed Mohammad A. , Alanazi Ghadah Khalid H. , Alzalbani Mohammed Khalid M.
Published: November 2022

Background: Students’ perceptions and feedback have a significant impact on academic progress. The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of medical students regarding the surgical pathology course taken by medical students at Northern Border University.

Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was given to medical students taking this course. The questionnaire comprised several items on students’ attitudes toward surgical pathology. And a five-point Likert scale was used. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) v 20 software. Results: One hundred and fifty three questionnaires received from the students were analysed.  

Discussion and Conclusions: The answers to the questionnaire showed that ‘one size fits all’ approach cannot be employed for educating the students. A combination of different strategies and methods helped improve student satisfaction, particularly in regard with case presentation studies and practical’s. New strategies were adopted not just for improving academic performance but keeping in mind future clinical practice, enhancing students’ understanding and knowledge retention abilities.

Key words: medical student’s, perception , diagnostic surgical pathology course: necessities, difficulties and solutions.
Management to chronic urticaria in functional medicine
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Park Chun-Muk
Published: November 2022

Urticaria is a disease that causes recurrent hives and wheals, and is classified into acute and chronic (6 weeks or longer) according to the duration of the disease. If the cause of chronic urticaria is unknown, it is called chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), and 50% of CSU is caused by an autoimmune mechanism. CSU treatment removes triggers and avoids exacerbating factors. Medications include antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, omalizumab, cyclosporine. In case of acute exacerbation, steroids are prescribed. As an alternative treatment, drugs for autoimmune diseases are used. We hope that a more fundamental and integrated functional medicinal treatment will be realized through access to and management of 7 major clinical imbalances in functional medicine, including heavy metals, persistant organic pollutants, infections, intestinal microbiomes abnormalities, and food hypersensitivities (food immunoglobulin E & immunoglobulin G test) as triggers of CSU.
Nutritions for bone health
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Joo Nam-Seok
Published: November 2022

Conventionally, for prevention of gradual bone loss after menopause is recommended to consume more calcium and vitamin D. In addition, intake of magnesium and vitamin K should be also considered in the aspect of calcium homeostasis. Weight bearing exercise and foods containing potassium bicarbonate will also prevent the urinary calcium loss and metabolic acidosis which is related with bone loss.
Ranking of Suitable Areas for Establishing Industries in Kashan City Using VIKOR and TOPSIS Methods in Fuzzy Environment
Authors:   Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran., Omidi Katayoun , Afzali Afsaneh ,   Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran., Vahidi Hossein ,   Department of Environment, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran., Mahnam Sheida ,   International Relations, Iranology Foundation, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2022

Background: In this research, among the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, a combination of VIKOR and TOPSIS methods with fuzzy set theory was used to overcome the uncertainty in the ranking of alternatives. The purpose of this paper was to locate the industries of Kashan City and rank the appropriate alternatives using analytic hierarchical process (AHP) and the prioritization methods of fuzzy VIKOR and fuzzy TOPSIS. Methods: In this study, first, the effective criteria in GIS (Geographic Information System) were examined and standardized according to fuzzy logic. Then, by presenting expert opinion through AHP, the criteria were weighted, and in order to determine suitable places for establishing industries, according to the required minimum area, six alternatives were extracted from the weighted linear combination method. Subsequently, the alternatives were ranked using fuzzy VIKOR and fuzzy TOPSIS methods. The sensitivity analysis was performed in the fuzzy TOPSIS method by shifting the criteria weights and producing different weighting scenarios. The fuzzy VIKOR method was analyzed for different values of the υ variable. Results: Weighting of criteria by AHP showed that the distance from surface water with a weight coefficient of 0.200 was the most important one. according to the required minimum area, six alternatives were extracted from the weighted linear combination method. Conclusion: The sensitivity analysis of both methods showed that 405 hectares in the Southeast of Kashan are the best ones to establish industries.
Nanocomposite Fe-Co-V/Zeolite: Highly Efficient Composite for Removal of Methyl Orange Dye
Authors:   Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Karbul Abdolreza , Mohammadi Mohammad Kazem ,   Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Jalilzadeh Yengejeh Reza ,   Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Farrokhian Forouzan ,   Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: November 2022

Background: In recent years, the dye industry has rapidly been developed. Dyes are one in all the foremost dangerous groups of chemical compounds found in industrial effluents, which are of considerable importance for reasons like reduced light permeability and therefore the subsequent disruption of the method of photosynthesis in water sources. This study was performed to remove dye using Fe-Co-V /Zeolite from a synthetic wastewater. Methods: After chemical synthesis of the nanocomposite, its structure was studied by spectroscopic techniques. The experiments were performed under different pH values (3-11), contact times (5-50 min), absorbent dose (0.5-0.6g), stirring speed (240-60 rpm), and different concentrations. Results: The results showed that the optimal and final conditions affecting the removal of methyl orange dye in the most suitable conditions for 200 mL of the solution with a concentration of 20 mg/L at pH equal to 3, contact time 20 min, adsorbent dose 0.2 g, jar speed 180 rpm and temperature 25°C, which finally with the application of the optimal data, at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L, the best efficiency was obtained. The examination of isotherm diagrams and isotherm coefficients showed that the adsorption process follows the Freundlich equation. Conclusion: According to the obtained results and physical and chemical properties of the synthesized nanocomposite, it can be used to remove pollutants from the environment such as wastewater and air.
Measuring 1, 3-Butadiene and Simulation of its Releasing Method by GIS Application and Cancer Risk Assessment in Tehran in 2019-2020
Authors:   Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Yaghouti Soltan Ahmadi Asghar , Hajiseyed Mirzahosseini Seyed Alireza ,   Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Rashidi Yousef ,   Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Mansouri Nabiyollah ,   Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2022

Background: According to the heavy traffic in Tehran, a high amount of 1, 3-Butadiene (BD) in this city is highly expected. This study estimated the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) attributable to BD in District 9 of Tehran Municipality and simulation of its releasing way. Methods: This research is an applied study that was conducted in the form of field research. Cancer risk assessment was carried out based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method. BD concentration measurements were performed at 30 points and specified in the area and daily at three different times in four seasons since autumn of 2019 till summer of 2020. LCR then was calculated for four different groups of residents, employees, first and second classes of the pedestrian. Finally, the way of releasing BD in the District 9 was evaluated by GIS software. Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest BD concentrations were 2819 and 424 ppb, respectively, in autumn and spring. They were measured in the north and west side of the District 9 which were much higher than inhalation reference concentration. In addition, the LCR estimation of population due to exposure to high level of BD was exceeded the USEPA benchmark of 1×10-6 in the 4 specified groups. So, the amount of LCR in the residents was 790 times more than the USEPA benchmark. Conclusion: According to the results, the necessity for traffic control by urban management and producing green vehicles to prevent pollutants emission is essential.
Implant-based Prosthetic Reconstruction In Patients With Congenital Ear Defects (Technical Note)
Authors:   Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mardani Mohammad Ali , Zarezadeh Fatemeh ,   Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hashemi Hoda ,   Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2022

Objective Loss of all or part of the ear is one of the significant defects in the head and neck area (regardless of the cause) that can result from trauma, cancer, congenital diseases, or surgery to remove benign tumors. These defects can be reconstructed with the help of surgical procedures or cosmetic prostheses. However, due to the complex structure of the ear, reconstructive surgery is one of the most challenging surgeries for plastic surgeons. Choosing between surgical methods and prosthesis use is problematic for those with a significant lesion and depends on the etiology and the patient’s wishes. If the patient is a candidate for a silicone ear prosthesis, the most critical challenge is the suspension and ease of using the prosthesis. The conventional suspension method (unique adhesive) will present several challenges to the patient. Thus, we report using the implant suspension method for an ear prosthesis in this study. Materials & Methods A 35-years-old male patient with a congenital ear defect and no history of prosthesis use was referred to the Dentistry School of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran City, Iran and was studied to make an ear prosthesis based on an implant. To make a prosthesis, the general steps were alginate molding from both healthy and involved parts of the patient, alginate molding from the donor, positive wax mold making, negative gypsum mold making, silicone casting, and prosthesis attachment using implants on the patient’s stamp. Results In this method, we used silicone and implant-based reconstruction of ear defects. An attempt has been made to provide ease of wearing and removing the prosthesis, proper grip, natural appearance, and finally, patient satisfaction. Conclusion In this method, we used silicone and implant-based reconstruction of ear defects. An attempt has been made to provide ease of wearing and removing the prosthesis, proper grip, natural appearance, and finally, patient satisfaction
On the Ideological and Political Education of Material Specialty Courses under the Background of the Internet
Authors: Cheng Peng , Yang Liuqing , Niu Ting , Li Boqiong
Published: December 2022

Under the background of the Internet, discussions are conducted in this paper on the teaching practice of political and ideological curriculum in materials disciplines from teaching idea, teaching design, teaching process and teaching based evaluation mechanism, which can effectively improve the students' ideological and political participation and satisfaction. As a result, it improves the teaching effect on ideological and political theory, providing certain references for other educational reform in ideology and politics. As a result, it brings new opportunities for the development of material specialty.
The Predicament and Practice Path of Labor Education
Authors: Wu Jianhua
Published: December 2022

At present, China's education on labor is confronting many practical difficulties in labor education, and to find effective ways to solve the difficulties of labor education is a top priority. Labor education should dialectically handle the relationship between practice and the Marxist labor concept, take practice as the center, deeply integrate labor and education, promote the innovation of labor concept, find a feasible way to solve the current labor education dilemma, and realize the intelligent sharing of labor results.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Politeness and Impoliteness Theory in TikTok
Authors: Zhao Ye
Published: December 2022

Natural language is a combination of polite speech and impolite speech, while politeness is to behave in a decent and thoughtful manner towards other individuals, impoliteness shows people's contempt and dissatisfaction. As the Internet advances, impolite speech occurs increasingly. Thus, this research aims at furthering politeness and impoliteness analysis, then let people have a deeper understanding of polite and impolite speeches in an international short video platform — TikTok.
Marketing support of competitiveness of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Khomiuk N. , Voichuk M. , Bilous O. , Dorosh-Kizym M.
Published: November 2022

The article examines the system of agricultural marketing with the aim of meeting the needs of consumers and achieving the competitiveness of agricultural producers in the context of determining the characteristics of agricultural activity. It is substantiated that the sustainable development of agricultural production contributes to the strengthening of the economic and social security of the state, the formation of a positive image of the country, the growth of the quality of life of the urban and rural population, the increase of export potential, the maintenance of ecological balance in rural areas, the rational use, protection and reproduction of natural resources. According to the results of the assessment of the state of agricultural production in Ukraine, a change in the assortment of agricultural products was revealed in the direction of increasing the amount of cultivation of more profitable types of crop and livestock products. It was found that agricultural products occupy a leading place in Ukrainian exports. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of agricultural production, compared to other branches of the economy, which determine the specifics of the organization of marketing at agricultural enterprises. It was revealed that marketing research in the agricultural sector is mainly carried out by intermediaries, as a result of which the largest part of the profit is concentrated in intermediary structures. The stages of the process of implementation of marketing activities at enterprises producing agricultural products are characterized. It is substantiated that for the successful conduct of competition and the introduction of niche products, it is advisable to conduct marketing research and analyze the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in the course of financial and economic activity, which will contribute to timely decision-making regarding changes in the product range, sales markets, and the enterprise management system. It has been proven that the use of marketing tools to increase the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises is important because it will contribute to taking into account external factors of influence and internal reserves of increasing efficiency. Attention is drawn to the need to select effective methods of competition and create the basis for the identification of the enterprise, which is determined by its marketing concept.
Rural tourism as an alternative direction of activity diversification of agricultural products producers
Authors: Vyslobodska H. , Brychka B. , Bulyk O.
Published: November 2022

The article highlights the peculiarities of the diversification of the activities of producers of agricultural products, in particular in the context of the development of rural tourism. The works of domestic scientists devoted to the development of rural tourism in Ukraine and the diversification of agricultural enterprises were analyzed. A number of methods were selected for this study. The essence of the concepts "rural tourism", "diversification of activities", etc. has been determined. The main directions of diversification of agricultural development are graphically depicted. It is described that farming, ecological tourism and agrotourism are the main types of green tourism in Ukraine. It is indicated that the production of agricultural products often does not provide an adequate level of income to those engaged in it, which serves as a reason for the search for new ways of obtaining profit. It was found that the diversification of activities and the development of green tourism in rural areas have a positive effect on the socio-economic situation of the territories, is a catalyst for the development of infrastructure and the growth of employment of the population in rural areas. It is indicated that the development of green tourism allows preserving local traditions and culture of the population, gastronomic preferences and own authenticity. It has been established that green tourism is mainly carried out by medium and small producers of agricultural products - farmers and households. The dynamics of changes in the number of tourists in the field of green tourism in Lviv region are shown. A number of problematic aspects have been identified that negatively affect the development of rural tourism, in particular, the lack of a legal framework and effective state policy regarding activities in the field of rural tourism, the poor condition of transport routes in rural areas, insufficient funds to start this type of activity. The problem of the lack of adequate statistical information on the activities of business entities providing rural green tourism services has been established. It is proposed to improve the regulatory and legal support of activities in the field of rural tourism and to implement local measures to stimulate the implementation of such activities, as well as the need to create an effective mechanism of communication with society.
Management of economic competition in the context of COVID-19: European initiatives and lessons for Ukraine
Authors: Vovk M. V. , Kindrat O. V. , Hrymak O. Y.
Published: November 2022

Due to the coronavirus epidemic, a large number of changes occurred not only in social life, but also in the economy. These changes and unforeseen circumstances faced by most enterprises should encourage business entities to cooperate and coordinate their activities in order to overcome the consequences of the economic crisis. However, this was not the case in practice. After all, in business conditions with strict quarantine restrictions, enterprises were prone to both fierce competition and forced cooperation. Therefore, it should be stated that in many countries of Europe and the world in general, the pandemic has caused increased involvement of the state in the economy, and therefore a greater intensity of activities to coordinate the behaviour of business entities. This article is designed to reveal the important role of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on competition and competitiveness market economies. It further details what kind of changes have taken place in the field of protection of economic competition caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The question of maintaining a healthy competitive struggle and maintaining one’s positions in the market economy in crisis conditions is revealed. It is noted that the principles of protecting the economy from external competition, ensuring food and economic security have undergone changes. It describes how enterprises cooperated with each other during the pandemic and what consequences this has for the post-Covid economy. It is indicated how important it is not to ignore the process of forming the price policy of enterprises and to carry out an analysis regarding the absence of abuse of market power or actions deliberately coordinated with competitors, or the presence of enterprises in a dominant position on the market. The reaction to the pandemic crisis in Europe on the part of the relevant state structures is shown, and the role of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine in the formation and implementation of competition policy in this crisis period is revealed. European initiatives to overcome the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are characterized, and useful tools for overcoming it for Ukraine are presented.
Prospects for the development of sheep and goat breeding in the Carpathian Economic Region of Ukraine
Authors: Chemerys V. , Maksym V. , Dushka V. , Kryvishyn A.
Published: November 2022

In the conditions of the increase in the cost of feed and energy resources, the development of sheep and goat breeding is becoming more and more relevant in Ukraine to ensure the population's food needs and increase the export potential of animal husbandry in general. The article describes the results of a statistical data study for 2010-2021 regarding the state and main trends in sheep and goat breeding development in the Carpathian Economic Region of Ukraine. An analysis of the dynamics of sheep and goat breeding in farms of all categories in terms of live weight by regions of the region, the number of sold livestock for slaughter, sales volumes, the number of sheep in farms of all categories, the volume of lamb and goat meat production, as well as the volume of wool production was carried out. The specific weight of each oblast of the region in the number of livestock and the volume of sheep and goat breeding was determined. Based on the study of statistical data, the amount of sheep and goat breeding per person in the regions of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, as well as the productivity of animal breeding, was determined. It was established that the population of sheep and goats in Ukraine and the regions of the Carpathian region increased by 11.5% during the studied period. The highest growth dynamics were observed in Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. Accordingly, the volume of breeding and sales of sheep and goats increased. However, wool production in the Carpathian region decreased by 26% during the studied period. The largest share of the population, the amount of sheep and goats that grew and sold in the region, is concentrated in the farms of the Transcarpathian region - about 66-70%. A relatively high level of the ratio of the volume of cultivation to the number of sheep and goats is observed in the farms of the Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. According to the study's results, the highest level of marketability was determined in the farms of the Transcarpathian region. Based on the analysis of the indicators of the development of sheep and goat breeding in the regions of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, a set of organizational and economic measures regarding the growth of livestock and the volume of sheep and goat breeding in the farms of the region is proposed and substantiated.
The main trends in the development of egg poultry farming in Ukraine
Authors: Maksym V. , Chemerys V. , Dushka V. , Nebozhenko K.
Published: November 2022

Poultry breeding in the egg sector belongs to the strategically important areas of livestock production in Ukraine and many countries worldwide. In addition, it affects the country's food security by filling the market with valuable food products. Eggs are one of the leading export products of livestock production in Ukraine. However, during the studied period, there was a decline in the production and economic potential of poultry farming in the egg sector, negatively affecting export opportunities. The article presents the results of a study of the main trends in the development of egg production in Ukraine. An economic analysis of the dynamics of egg production in enterprises and households in the regions of Ukraine was carried out. The importance of the influence and the specific weight in forming the offer of eggs on the regional markets were determined. The leading indicators of the balance of eggs in Ukraine were studied. An analysis of the fund of egg consumption by regions of Ukraine was carried out. The promising central areas for developing poultry farming in the egg direction are substantiated, considering the difference between the volume of egg production and the consumption fund in Ukraine. The main negative factors of the decline in the volume of egg production in agricultural enterprises and households have been established. The structure of egg production by regions of Ukraine was determined. The development of small organizational forms of business in poultry farming, in particular, farms based on households and personal peasant farms to minimize risks, reduce logistics costs, develop the clean competition, and improve the balance between supply and demand in regional markets, is substantiated. According to the results of the study, it was established that the production of eggs in Ukraine for 2010–2021 decreased by 17%. The most significant decline occurred in 2021 - by 13% compared to the previous year, due to the increase in costs for feed, energy sources, and price disparity, which caused a decrease in production profitability and investment interest among many industrial producers. In 2022, the drop in egg production was exacerbated by active hostilities that covered the eastern, most of the southern and northern regions of Ukraine, which led to the loss of production capacity, the blockade of logistics flows, and the reduction of the productive poultry population in many local enterprises. The determined set of factors caused a sharp increase in egg prices in the 3rd and 4th quarters of 2022, which will affect the further decrease of the consumption fund.
Analysis of the state of development of breeding livestock in Ukraine
Authors: Velesyk T. A. , Moisiievych V. V.
Published: November 2022

Breeding of agricultural animals in Ukraine is a complex system consisting of many stages. Successful selection work includes a whole set of very important measures. In the conditions of wartime, the issue of animal husbandry development, in the direction of tribal affairs, acquires special relevance and requires further research. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study aspects of the territorial distribution of breeding animals in Ukraine. Research has established that the share of agriculture in the country's GDP has a tendency to grow: from 12.26% in 2017 to 16.87% in 2021. This is due to the reduction in the rate of GDP growth and the increase in the rate of volume growth agricultural activity. Over the last 10 years, crop production prevailed (more than 70%), while livestock production occupied less than 30%, respectively. The largest share of animal husbandry was recorded in 2010 – 29.48%, and the smallest in 2019 – 20.89%. In 2020, there was an increase in live weight of farm animals, compared to 2019, but compared to 2015, there was a reduction of more than 12%. According to research, in 2020 there was an increase in live weight of farm animals, compared to 2019, but compared to 2015, there was a reduction of more than 12%. The organization of reproduction of the herd is of great national economic importance, since the acceleration of the intensification of animal husbandry depends on it. One of the main issues in the reproduction of animal husbandry is the systematic replacement of animals culled due to disease, old age or low productivity with younger and more productive animals, i.e. herd repair. In recent years, 6 regional selection centers and 64 inter-district own breeding enterprises, 1516 posts for artificial insemination of cows and heifers in the individual sector were created in Ukraine. In addition, based on the report of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, it was established that the genetically guaranteed level of productivity of animals of these breeds is: milk productivity in 305 days of lactation, 5200-6400 kilograms of milk, average daily gain of young meat breeds – 1200 grams, pigs – 790-980 grams, sheared wool in pure fiber – 4.5-5.3 kg, which is 3 times higher than the average indicators for Ukraine. Further research will be the next stage in the development of measures for the development of animal husbandry in the Rivne region and Ukraine in particular.