bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Frequent Intake of Trans Fatty Acids and Saturated Fatty Acids in Diets with Increased Susceptibility of Atopic Dermatitis Exacerbation in Young Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Singapore/Malaysia
Authors: Lim Jun Jie , Lim Sing Wei , Reginald Kavita , Say Yee-How , Liu Mei Hui , Chew Fook Tim
Published: June 2024

Background & Objective

Numerous evidence has attributed diets with a high fatty acids (FAs) intake to be associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) development. Therefore, this study investigated the association between intake frequencies of five dietary FAs and AD exacerbations among young Chinese adults from Singapore and Malaysia.

Methods

A validated International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was investigator-administered to 13,561 subjects to collect information on socioeconomic, anthropometric, dietary and lifestyles habits, and personal/family medical histories. Six novel dietary indices were derived to analyse the associations between total FAs, trans fatty acids (TFAs), saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acids, and alpha-linolenic acids in diets and AD exacerbation. Synergy factor (SF) analysis was used to identify interactions between the dietary FAs to influence disease susceptibility.

Results

In our multivariable model adjusted for age, gender, BMI, parental eczema, and lifestyle factors, a diet high in total estimated FAs was strongly associated with AD (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.227; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.054–1.429; adjusted p-value <0.01). Particularly, high estimated total TFAs and SFAs were significantly associated with AD exacerbations including chronic and current moderate-to-severe AD. The association between TFAs and AD remained strong even controlled for the total FAs in diets and false discovery rate corrected (AOR: 1.516; 95% CI: 1.094–2.097; adjusted p-value <0.05). Similarly, having a high SFAs in diets was associated with AD (AOR: 1.581; 95% CI: 1.106–2.256; adjusted p-value <0.05) independently on the total FAs in diets. FAs in diets do not interact to influence AD.

Conclusion

Overall, these results highlighted an association between high dietary TFAs and SFAs and AD exacerbations in an Asian population.
ZIF‐67 Derived Co‐LDH Nanocubes for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Ying , Lv Zhangyi , Yuan Jinqiu , Bi Mingchun , Liang Yuning
Published: June 2024

To address the substantial energy needs of the quickly evolving modern civilization, efforts are still needed to provide sustainable renewable energy sources. The electrocatalytic Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the essential technologies used in the various hydrogen production techniques. ZIF‐67 nanocubes (ZIF‐67 NCs) were synthesized in an aqueous solution and used as sacrificial templates. Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate was added under water bath conditions, resulting in the evolution of numerous small layered layers of cobalt hydroxide. This ultimately led to the formation of multilayered, three‐dimensionally crosslinked Co‐LDH with a porous networked cubic morphology. Hydrolysis of Co2+ at different concentrations produces different degrees of weak acidic environments, and the loose LDH on the cubic structure of the best catalyst, Co‐LDH‐1, exposes more active cobalt sites for the OER, which results in a high electrochemically active surface area, with an overpotential of 354 mV and a Tafel slope of 79.06 mV dec−1 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and good stability and low activation under alkaline condition also has good stability and low activation energy. It provides us an easy and practical plan for logically creating ZIF‐derived hydroxide materials, leading to the development of affordable and effective electrocatalysts.
Lubricant‐Coated Organ‐on‐a‐Chip for Enhanced Precision in Preclinical Drug Testing
Authors: Kim Tae Young , Choi Jeong‐Won , Park Kijun , Kim SeungHwan , Kim Jeong F. , Park Tae‐Eun , Seo Jungmok
Published: June 2024

In drug discovery, human organ‐on‐a‐chip (organ chip) technology has emerged as an essential tool for preclinical testing, offering a realistic representation of human physiology, real‐time monitoring, and disease modeling. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is commonly used in organ chip fabrication owing to its biocompatibility, flexibility, transparency, and ability to replicate features down to the nanoscale. However, the porous nature of PDMS leads to unintended absorption of small molecules, critically affecting the drug response analysis. Addressing this challenge, the precision drug testing organ chip (PreD chip) is introduced, an innovative platform engineered to minimize small molecule absorption while facilitating cell culture. This chip features a PDMS microchannel wall coated with a perfluoropolyether‐based lubricant, providing slipperiness and antifouling properties. It also incorporates an ECM–coated semi‐porous membrane that supports robust multicellular cultures. The PreD chip demonstrates its outstanding antifouling properties and resistance to various biological fluids, small molecule drugs, and plasma proteins. In simulating the human gut barrier, the PreD chip demonstrates highly enhanced sensitivity in tests for dexamethasone toxicity and is highly effective in assessing drug transport across the human blood–brain barrier. These findings emphasize the potential of the PreD chip in advancing organ chip–based drug testing methodologies.
High‐Entropy Materials in Electrocatalysis: Understanding, Design, and Development
Authors: Wu Jiwen , Wang Huichao , Liu Naiyan , Jia Binbin , Zheng Jinlong
Published: June 2024

Electrocatalysis is a crucial method for achieving global carbon neutrality, serving as an essential means of energy conversion, and electrocatalyst is crucial in the process of electrocatalysis. Because of the abundant active sites, the multi‐component synergistic effect of high‐entropy materials has a wide application prospect in the field of electrocatalysis. Moreover, due to the special structure of high‐entropy materials, it is possible to obtain almost continuous adsorption energy distribution by regulating the composition, which has attracted extensive attention of researchers. This paper reviews the properties and types of high‐entropy materials, including alloys and compounds. The synthesis strategies of high‐entropy materials are systematically introduced, and the solid phase synthesis, liquid‐phase synthesis, and gas‐phase synthesis are classified and summarized. The application of high‐entropy materials in electrocatalysis is summarized, and the promotion effect of high‐entropy strategy in various catalytic reaction processes is summarized. Finally, the current progress of high‐entropy materials, the problems encountered, and the future development direction are reviewed. It is emphasized that the strategy of high flux density functional theory calculation guiding high‐entropy catalyst design will be of great significance to electrocatalysis.
Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Urea: An In‐depth Investigation from Material Modification to Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Cao Jianghui , Zhao Fang , Li Chengjie , Zhao Qidong , Gao Liguo , Ma Tingli , Xu Hao , Ren Xuefeng , Liu Anmin
Published: June 2024

Industrial urea synthesis production uses NH3 from the Haber‐Bosch method, followed by the reaction of NH3 with CO2, which is an energy‐consuming technique. More thorough evaluations of the electrocatalytic C−N coupling reaction are needed for the urea synthesis development process, catalyst design, and the underlying reaction mechanisms. However, challenges of adsorption and activation of reactant and suppression of side reactions still hinder its development, making the systematic review necessary. This review meticulously outlines the progress in electrochemical urea synthesis by utilizing different nitrogen (NO3−, N2, NO2−, and N2O) and carbon (CO2 and CO) sources. Additionally, it delves into advanced methods in materials design, such as doping, facet engineering, alloying, and vacancy introduction. Furthermore, the existing classes of urea synthesis catalysts are clearly defined, which include 2D nanomaterials, materials with Mott–Schottky structure, materials with artificially frustrated Lewis pairs, single−atom catalysts (SACs), and heteronuclear dual−atom catalysts (HDACs). A comprehensive analysis of the benefits, drawbacks, and latest developments in modern urea detection techniques is discussed. It is aspired that this review will serve as a valuable reference for subsequent designs of highly efficient electrocatalysts and the development of strategies to enhance the performance of electrochemical urea synthesis.
Abschließende Gedanken und Ausblick
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

In diesem Kapitel werden abschließende Gedanken zu dieser Arbeit vorgestellt und unter Berücksichtigung der dargestellten Ergebnisse (Kapitel 13) weiterer Forschungsbedarf aufgezeigt und formuliert.
Zwischenfazit
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

In den vorangegangenen Ausführungen zur Beschreibung der (Er-)Lebenssituation pflegender Angehöriger wird ersichtlich, dass das Phänomen „Pflegende Angehörige“ von besonderer Relevanz für die gerontologische Forschung ist.
Tagebuchstudie zu berührenden Momenten in der Begleitung von Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

Die im theoretischen Teil dieser Arbeit identifizierte Forschungslücke wirft die Frage nach dem subjektiven Erleben und Wahrnehmen schöner Momente in der Pflege und Begleitung auf. Zudem wird das Tagebuch als Instrument der (Selbst-)Reflexion und Möglichkeit zur Verarbeitung von Krisensituationen in den Kontext dieser Arbeit gesetzt.
Der qualitative Forschungsansatz
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

Wie im theoretischen Teil dargestellt, gibt es wenig bis kaum empirische Befunde zur Wahrnehmung schöner Momente in der Pflege und Begleitung eines Menschen mit Demenz. Daraus ergibt sich nicht nur die Frage nach wahrgenommenen schönen Momenten in der Pflege und Begleitung, vielmehr wird eine Lücke in der Versorgung pflegender Angehöriger von Menschen mit Demenz sichtbar. Aus diesen Gründen erweist sich ein qualitativ-exploratives Vorgehen in diesem Forschungsprojekt als besonders geeignet, denn qualitative Forschung fokussiert dabei die Theoriebildung, welche im Verlauf der Untersuchung eines unbekannten Falls konstruiert wird und dabei.
Entanglement and pseudo entanglement dynamics versus fusion in CFT
Authors: He Song , Zhang Yu-Xuan , Zhao Long , Zhao Zi-Xuan
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The fusion rules and operator product expansion (OPE) serve as crucial tools in the study of operator algebras within conformal field theory (CFT). Building upon the vision of using entanglement to explore the connections between fusion coefficients and OPE coefficients, we employ the replica method and Schmidt decomposition method to investigate the time evolution of entanglement entropy (EE) and pseudo entropy (PE) for linear combinations of operators in rational conformal field theory (RCFT). We obtain a formula that links fusion coefficients, quantum dimensions, and OPE coefficients. We also identify two definition schemes for linear combination operators. Under one scheme, the EE captures information solely for the heaviest operators, while the PE retains information for all operators, reflecting the phenomenon of pseudo entropy amplification. Irrespective of the scheme employed, the EE demonstrates a step-like evolution, illustrating the effectiveness of the quasiparticle propagation picture for the general superposition of locally excited states in RCFT. From the perspective of quasiparticle propagation, we observe spontaneous block-diagonalization of the reduced density matrix of a subsystem when quasiparticles enter the subsystem.
Flavoured Majorana Dark Matter then and now: from freeze-out scenarios to LHC signatures
Authors: Acaroğlu Harun , Blanke Monika , Heisig Jan , Krämer Michael , Rathmann Lena
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We study a simplified Dark Matter model in the Dark Minimal Flavour Violation framework. Our model complements the Standard Model with a flavoured Dark Matter Majorana triplet and a coloured scalar mediator that share a Yukawa coupling with the right-handed up-type quarks with the coupling matrix λ. We extend previous work on this topic by exploring a large range of cosmologically viable parameter space, including the coannihilation region and, in particular, the region of conversion-driven freeze-out, while considering constraints from $$ {D}^0\hbox{--} {\overline{D}}^0 $$

D
0

–

D
¯

0

mixing as well as constraints from direct and indirect Dark Matter searches. We find various realisations of conversion-driven freeze-out within the model, that open up allowed windows of parameter space towards small mass splittings and very weak Dark Matter couplings. Finally, we probe the model by reinterpreting current LHC searches for missing energy and long-lived particles. We point out gaps in the coverage of current constraints as well as new opportunities to search for the model at the LHC, in particular, the charge asymmetry in single-top production associated with jets and missing energy.
TMD factorisation for diffractive jets in photon-nucleus interactions
Authors: Hauksson S. , Iancu E. , Mueller A. H. , Triantafyllopoulos D. N. , Wei S. Y.
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Using the colour dipole picture and the colour glass condensate effective theory, we study the diffractive production of two or three jets via coherent photon-nucleus interactions at high energy. We consider the hard regime where the photon virtuality and/or the transverse momenta of the produced jets are much larger than the saturation momentum Qs of the nuclear target. We show that, despite this hardness, the leading-twist contributions are controlled by relatively large parton configurations, with transverse sizes R ~ 1/Qs, which undergo strong scattering and probe gluon saturation. We demonstrate that these leading-twist contributions admit transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) factorisation, in terms of quark and gluon diffractive TMD distribution functions, for which we obtain explicit expressions from first principles. We go beyond our previous work by evaluating the contributions involving the quark diffractive distributions and by establishing that their DGLAP evolution emerges via controlled calculations within the colour dipole picture. We find the same expression for the quark diffractive TMD in two different processes (semi-inclusive diffraction and the diffractive production of quark-gluon dijets), thus demonstrating its universality.
The uncertainty principle and classical amplitudes
Authors: Cristofoli Andrea , Gonzo Riccardo , Moynihan Nathan , O’Connell Donal , Ross Alasdair , Sergola Matteo , White Chris D.
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We study the variance in the measurement of observables during scattering events, as computed using amplitudes. The classical regime, characterised by negligible uncertainty, emerges as a consequence of an infinite set of relationships among multileg, multiloop amplitudes in a momentum-transfer expansion. We discuss two non-trivial examples in detail: the six-point tree and the five-point one-loop amplitudes in scalar QED. We interpret these relationships in terms of a coherent exponentiation of radiative effects in the classical limit which generalises the eikonal formula, and show how to recover the impulse, including radiation reaction, from this generalised eikonal. Finally, we incorporate the physics of spin into our framework.
Causality and energy conditions in nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Russo Jorge G. , Townsend Paul K.
Published: June 2024

Abstract

For the general theory of nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) we prove that causality implies both the Dominant Energy Condition (DEC) and, surprisingly, the Strong Energy Condition (SEC). This has implications for gravitational applications, such as regular black holes supported by NLED matter. For self-dual NLED theories, weak-field causality alone implies both the DEC and SEC, as we illustrate with Born-Infeld and ModMax electrodynamics.
Isolation of Regular Graphs and k-Chromatic Graphs
Authors: Borg Peter
Published: June 2024

Given a set $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
of graphs, we call a copy of a graph in $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
an $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
-graph. The $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
-isolation number of a graph G, denoted by $$\iota (G,{\mathcal {F}})$$

ι
(
G
,
F
)

, is the size of a smallest set D of vertices of G such that the closed neighborhood of D intersects the vertex sets of the $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
-graphs contained by G (equivalently, $$G - N[D]$$

G
-
N
[
D
]

contains no $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
-graph). Thus, $$\iota (G,\{K_1\})$$

ι
(
G
,

{

K
1

}

)

is the domination number of G. For any integer $$k \ge 1$$

k
≥
1

, let $${\mathcal {F}}_{1,k}$$

F

1
,
k

be the set of regular graphs of degree at least $$k-1$$

k
-
1

, let $${\mathcal {F}}_{2,k}$$

F

2
,
k

be the set of graphs whose chromatic number is at least k, and let $${\mathcal {F}}_{3,k}$$

F

3
,
k

be the union of $${\mathcal {F}}_{1,k}$$

F

1
,
k

and $${\mathcal {F}}_{2,k}$$

F

2
,
k

. Thus, k-cliques are members of both $${\mathcal {F}}_{1,k}$$

F

1
,
k

and $${\mathcal {F}}_{2,k}$$

F

2
,
k

. We prove that for each $$i \in \{1, 2, 3\}$$

i
∈
{
1
,
2
,
3
}

, $$\frac{m+1}{{k \atopwithdelims ()2} + 2}$$

m
+
1

k
2

+
2

is a best possible upper bound on $$\iota (G, {\mathcal {F}}_{i,k})$$

ι
(
G
,

F

i
,
k

)

for connected m-edge graphs G that are not k-cliques. The bound is attained by infinitely many (non-isomorphic) graphs. The proof of the bound depends on determining the graphs attaining the bound. This appears to be a new feature in the literature on isolation. Among the result’s consequences are a sharp bound of Fenech, Kaemawichanurat, and the present author on the k-clique isolation number and a sharp bound on the cycle isolation number.
On surface of Apollonius of two ellipsoids
Authors: Végh Attila
Published: June 2024

Apollonius defined the circle as the set of points that have a given ratio $$\mu $$
μ
of distances from two given points, where the ratio is not equal to one. In a more general sense, consider two 0-symmetric, bounded, convex bodies K and $$K'$$

K
′

, which define two norms. Their unit balls are K and $$K'$$

K
′

. The surface of Apollonius is defined as the set of points equidistant from the centres of bodies K and $$K'$$

K
′

with respect to the aforementioned norms. In this paper we demonstrate that the surface of Apollonius of two ellipsoids is a quadratic surface. We also examine the circumstances under which this surface becomes a sphere.
Fusion and Positivity in Chiral Conformal Field Theory
Authors: Tener James E.
Published: June 2024

In this article we show that the conformal nets corresponding to WZW models are rational, resolving a long-standing open problem. Specifically, we show that the Jones-Wassermann subfactors associated with these models have finite index. This result was first conjectured in the early 90s but had previously only been proven in special cases, beginning with Wassermann’s landmark results in type A. The proof relies on a new framework for the systematic comparison of tensor products (a.k.a. ‘fusion’) of conformal net representations with the corresponding tensor product of vertex operator algebra modules. This framework is based on the geometric technique of ‘bounded localized vertex operators,’ which realizes algebras of observables via insertion operators localized in partially thin Riemann surfaces. We obtain a general method for showing that Jones-Wassermann subfactors have finite index, and apply it to additional families of important examples beyond WZW models. We also consider applications to a class of positivity phenomena for VOAs, and use this to outline a program for identifying unitary tensor product theories of VOAs and conformal nets even for badly-behaved models.
Parosmia in patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction in the era of
COVID-19-associated olfactory impairment
Authors: Gunder Nadine , Hummel Thomas
Published: June 2024

Objectives

A large number of patients with olfactory impairment are affected by parosmia or phantosmia. This study aimed to examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of parosmia.

Methods

We performed a retrospective data analysis of patients consulting at our Smell and Taste Outpatient Clinic. A total of 297 patients were included (203 women, mean age 44.4 ± 13.7 years). Olfactory function was quantified using the “Sniffin’ Sticks” composite TDI (odor threshold, determination, and identification) score. The presence of qualitative olfactory impairment was assessed trough medical history and a parosmia questionnaire.

Results

Most of the patients showed olfactory impairment after an infection with SARS-CoV‑2 (84%) and were diagnosed with parosmia (49%). Patients with parosmia (PAR) (n = 201) were significantly younger compared to the group without parosmia (noPAR; n = 92) (PAR 43.2 ± 13 years vs. noPAR 47 ± 15.1 years, p = 0.03) and had a slightly shorter duration of disease, without reaching statistical significance (PAR 10.3 ± 4.9 months, noPAR 13.6 ± 37.6 months, p = 0.23). They also had higher TDI scores (PAR 24.3 ± 7 points, noPAR 21.4 ± 8.2 points, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Patients affected by parosmia were younger and had a better olfactory function compared to patients without parosmia.
Gastrisches versus supragastrisches „belching“, Singultus, Aerophagie und Differenzialdiagnosen
Authors: Runggaldier Daniel , Adam Roman , Ermanni Chiara , Colotto-Vith Ursula , van Beek Miriam E. F. , Posovszky Carsten , Righini Grunder Franziska , Pohl Daniel , Bohlender Jörg E.
Published: June 2024

Das als „belching“ bezeichnete Aufstoßen von Luft aus dem Ösophagus oder Magen in den Mund- und Rachenbereich gilt als physiologischer Prozess. Es kann jedoch in einem vermehrten Maße auftreten und im Sinne einer „belching disorder“ für die betroffenen Patienten mit einem erheblichen Leidensdruck verbunden sein. Die Diagnosestellung gestaltet sich zum Teil schwierig, insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Abgrenzung zu verwandten Krankheitsbildern wie der Aerophagie, dem Ruminationssyndrom oder dem Singultus. Neben der Diagnosestellung stellt auch die Therapie dieser Störungsbilder für den Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Arzt eine Herausforderung dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine interdisziplinäre Übersicht zu diesen Krankheitsbildern zu schaffen und klinisch-praktische Gesichtspunkte zur Diagnosestellung und Therapie aufzuarbeiten.
Rapid improvement of grain appearance in three-line hybrid rice via CRISPR/Cas9 editing of grain size genes
Authors: Huang Juan , Chen Weiwei , Gao Lijun , Qing Dongjin , Pan Yinghua , Zhou Weiyong , Wu Hao , Li Jingcheng , Ma Chonglie , Zhu Changlan , Dai Gaoxing , Deng Guofu
Published: June 2024

Key message

Genetic editing of grain size genes quickly improves three-line hybrid rice parents to increase the appearance quality and yield of hybrid rice.

Grain size affects rice yield and quality. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the grain size gene GW8 in the maintainer line WaitaiB (WTB) and restorer line Guanghui998 (GH998). The new slender sterile line WTEA (gw8) was obtained in the BC2F1 generation by transferring the grain mutation of the maintainer plant to the corresponding sterile line WantaiA (WTA, GW8) in the T1 generation. Two slender restorer lines, GH998E1 (gw8(II)) and GH998E2 (gw8(I)), were obtained in T1 generation. In the early stage, new sterile and restorer lines in grain mutations were created by targeted editing of GS3, TGW3, and GW8 genes. These parental lines were mated to detect the impact of grain-type mutations on hybrid rice yield and quality. Mutations in gs3, gw8, and tgw3 had a minimal impact on agronomic traits except the grain size and thousand-grain weight. The decrease in grain width in the combination mainly came from gw8/gw8, gs3/gs3 increased the grain length, gs3/gs3-gw8/gw8 had a more significant effect on the grain length, and gs3/gs3-gw8/gw8(I) contributed more to grain length than gs3/gs3-gw8/gw8(II). The heterozygous TGW3/tgw3 may not significantly increase grain length. Electron microscopy revealed that the low-chalky slender-grain variety had a cylindrical grain shape, a uniform distribution of endosperm cells, and tightly arranged starch grains. Quantitative fluorescence analysis of endospermdevelopment-related genes showed that the combination of slender grain hybrid rice caused by gs3 and gw8 mutations promoted endosperm development and improved appearance quality. An appropriate grain size mutation resulted in hybrid rice varieties with high yield and quality.
Doubt or punish: on algorithmic pre-emption in acute psychiatry
Authors: Carboni Chiara , Wehrens Rik , van der Veen Romke , de Bont Antoinette
Published: June 2024

Machine learning algorithms have begun to enter clinical settings traditionally resistant to digitalisation, such as psychiatry. This raises questions around how algorithms will be incorporated in professionals’ practices, and with what implications for care provision. This paper addresses such questions by examining the pilot of an algorithm for the prediction of inpatient violence in two acute psychiatric clinics in the Netherlands. Violence is a prominent risk in acute psychiatry, and professional sensemaking, corrective measures (such as patient isolation and sedation), and quantification instruments (such as the Brøset Violence Checklist, henceforth BVC) have previously been developed to deal with it. We juxtapose the different ways in which psychiatric nurses, the BVC, and algorithmic scores navigate assessments of the potential of future inpatient violence. We find that nurses approach violence assessment with an attitude of doubt and precaution: they aim to understand warning signs and probe alternative explanations to them, so as not to punish patients when not necessary. Being in charge of quantitative capture, they incorporate this attitude of doubt in the BVC scores. Conversely, the algorithmic risk scores import a logic of pre-emption into the clinic: they attempt to flag targets before warning signs manifests and are noticed by nurses. Pre-emption translates into punitive attitudes towards patients, to which nurses refuse to subscribe. During the pilots, nurses solely engage with algorithmic scores by attempting to reinstate doubt in them. We argue that pre-emption can hardly be incorporated into professional decision-making without importing punitive attitudes. As such, algorithmic outputs targeting ethically laden instances of decision-making are a cause for academic and political concern.
Prediction of forming accuracy in incremental sheet forming using artificial neural networks on local surface representations
Authors: Möllensiep Dennis , Detering Lukas , Kulessa Philipp , Steinhof Matthias , Kuhlenkötter Bernd
Published: June 2024

While incremental sheet metal forming offers the potential for producing sheet metal parts in small lot sizes, the relatively low forming accuracy prevents widespread industrial use. For improving the forming accuracy, research institutes are using machine learning techniques to predict the geometric accuracy and modify the toolpath based on the prediction. A critical challenge is it to ensure the generalizability of the prediction model as only a small amount of process data is available to train the model due to the lack of industrial collaborations. This publication presents a highly transferable feature engineering approach where surface representations of the part’s geometry around each toolpath point are transferred into a standardized coordinate system. Several artificial neural networks were trained and used for predicting the forming accuracy and modifying the toolpath. During the validation experiments, the forming errors of parts which were independent of the training process were reduced by up to 68.5 %. The framework for computing the surface representations alongside with several pre-trained artificial neural networks is publicity available for download.
Effects of toolpath on defect phenomena in the incremental forming of thin polycarbonate sheets
Authors: Formisano Antonio , Boccarusso Luca , De Fazio Dario , Durante Massimo
Published: June 2024

Incremental sheet forming has been largely investigated in the last two decades because of its versatility and cost-effectiveness, which make it viable for manufacturing highly customized parts as well as small- and medium-sized batches. This process allows for reaching greater formability compared to conventional sheet-forming processes. In contrast, it is affected by defects like twisting, which strongly influence the geometric accuracy of the formed parts. These aspects are dramatically accentuated when forming soft materials like thermoplastics. With these premises, the following research aims to investigate the effects of the toolpath strategy on the occurrence of failures and defects in the incremental sheet forming under very severe process conditions. Cone frusta with a fixed wall angle were obtained by thin polycarbonate sheets, imposing four unidirectional helical trajectory-based toolpaths, one traditional, and three stair strategies. The analysis of the forming forces, the evaluation of the worked surfaces, and the monitoring of the defectiveness highlight the advantages of a stair toolpath strategy in terms of reduced twisting and loading and high surface quality, regardless of the lubrication conditions.
The N-stable category
Authors: Brightbill Jeremy R. B. , Miemietz Vanessa
Published: June 2024

A well-known theorem of Buchweitz provides equivalences between three categories: the stable category of Gorenstein projective modules over a Gorenstein algebra, the homotopy category of acyclic complexes of projectives, and the singularity category. To adapt this result to N-complexes, one must find an appropriate candidate for the N-analogue of the stable category. We identify this “N-stable category” via the monomorphism category and prove Buchweitz’s theorem for N-complexes over a Grothendieck abelian category. We also compute the Serre functor on the N-stable category over a self-injective algebra and study the resultant fractional Calabi–Yau properties.
Prostate MRI and artificial intelligence during active surveillance: should we jump on the bandwagon?
Authors: Bozgo Vilma , Roest Christian , van Oort Inge , Yakar Derya , Huisman Henkjan , de Rooij Maarten
Published: June 2024

Objective

To review the components of past and present active surveillance (AS) protocols, provide an overview of the current studies employing artificial intelligence (AI) in AS of prostate cancer, discuss the current challenges of AI in AS, and offer recommendations for future research.

Methods

Research studies on the topic of MRI-based AI were reviewed to summarize current possibilities and diagnostic accuracies for AI methods in the context of AS. Established guidelines were used to identify possibilities for future refinement using AI.

Results

Preliminary results show the role of AI in a range of diagnostic tasks in AS populations, including the localization, follow-up, and prognostication of prostate cancer. Current evidence is insufficient to support a shift to AI-based AS, with studies being limited by small dataset sizes, heterogeneous inclusion and outcome definitions, or lacking appropriate benchmarks.

Conclusion

The AI-based integration of prostate MRI is a direction that promises substantial benefits for AS in the future, but evidence is currently insufficient to support implementation. Studies with standardized inclusion criteria and standardized progression definitions are needed to support this. The increasing inclusion of patients in AS protocols and the incorporation of MRI as a scheduled examination in AS protocols may help to alleviate these challenges in future studies.

Clinical relevance statement

This manuscript provides an overview of available evidence for the integration of prostate MRI and AI in active surveillance, addressing its potential for clinical optimizations in the context of established guidelines, while highlighting the main challenges for implementation.

Key Points

Active surveillance is currently based on diagnostic tests such as PSA, biopsy, and imaging.

Prostate MRI and AI demonstrate promising diagnostic accuracy across a variety of tasks, including the localization, follow-up and risk estimation in active surveillance cohorts.

A transition to AI-based active surveillance is not currently realistic; larger studies using standardized inclusion criteria and outcomes are necessary to improve and validate existing evidence.
Zur Teamarbeit in der manuellen Medizin als Teil der Funktionsmedizin
Authors: Winkelmann C. , Rogalski C. , Beyer L.
Published: June 2024

Manualmedizin und -therapie sind arbeitsteilig als patientennahe und -ferne Tätigkeiten von Facharzt, Physiotherapeut und weiteren Berufsgruppen organisiert. Zusätzlich erfordert die Spezialisierung zur optimalen Versorgung der Patienten bei vielen Krankheitsbildern, Funktionseinschränkungen und Schmerzen die Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Fachdisziplinen. Die manuelle Medizin und Therapie befinden sich aktuell in einem wichtigen Entwicklungsprozess. Um fester Bestandteil der an Bedeutung zunehmenden Funktionsmedizin zu werden, ist die Integration der manualmedizinischen Untersuchungs- und Therapieverfahren in die verschiedenen medizinischen Fachgebiete erforderlich. Der Facharzt oder Physiotherapeut ist in diesem Sinne Teamarbeiter und kooperiert partnerschaftlich mit weiteren Experten sowie mit den Patienten. Für die Zusammenarbeit von Manualmedizinern und anderen fachärztlichen Experten sowie Vertretern der Gesundheitsfachberufe gelten im stationären und ambulanten Sektor unterschiedliche Aspekte, die in den verschiedenen Phasen der Teambildung Berücksichtigung finden sollten. Diese sechs Phasen der Teambildung stehen im Mittelpunkt des vorliegenden Beitrags. Ziel ist es, sowohl die Herausforderungen von als auch die Ansätze für Teamarbeit darzustellen. Gelingt Teambildung, respektieren Ärzte und Therapeuten die Kompetenz, Anschauung und Autonomie aller. Dies zeigt sich als symmetrische Kommunikation, Kooperations‑, Integrations- und Konfliktlösungsfähigkeit, Interdisziplinarität und Interprofessionalität, soziale Kompetenz und gegenseitiges Vertrauen. Die Teamleistung wirkt sich sowohl auf Patienten als auch auf das Personal aus. Wesentlich ist der individuelle Charakter jeder Gruppe. So existieren beispielsweise Praxisgemeinschaften, Abteilungen und Arbeitsgruppen, die anlassbezogen zielorientiert zusammenarbeiten. Unterschiede bestehen hinsichtlich Arbeitsklima, Effektivität und Effizienz. Äußere und innere Faktoren beeinflussen die Zusammenarbeit und Beziehungsdichte der einzelnen Teammitglieder. Vor dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden Bedeutung von Teamarbeit besteht die Notwendigkeit, in der Weiterbildung für manuelle Medizin und Therapie fachspezifische Punkte einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit einzubinden. Zudem sollten die entsprechenden Fachdisziplinen dahingehende Fortbildungsangebote nutzen können. Teamarbeit ist kein Selbstzweck, sondern soll der Verbesserung der Patientenversorgung und der Zufriedenheit der Teammitglieder dienen.
Parameterization, algorithmic modeling, and fluid–structure interaction analysis for generative design of transcatheter aortic valves
Authors: Pan Xianyu George , Corpuz Ashton M. , Rajanna Manoj R. , Johnson Emily L.
Published: June 2024

Heart valves play a critical role in maintaining proper cardiovascular function in the human heart; however, valve diseases can lead to improper valvular function and reduced cardiovascular performance. Depending on the extent and severity of the valvular disease, replacement operations are often required to ensure that the heart continues to operate properly in the cardiac system. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures have recently emerged as a promising alternative to surgical replacement approaches because the percutaneous methods used in these implant operations are significantly less invasive than open heart surgery. Despite the advantages of transcatheter devices, the precise deployment, proper valve sizing, and stable anchoring required to securely place these valves in the aorta remain challenging even in successful TAVR procedures. This work proposes a parametric modeling approach for transcatheter heart valves (THVs) that enables flexible valvular development and sizing to effectively generate existing and novel valve designs. This study showcases two THV configurations that are analyzed using an immersogeometric fluid–structure interaction (IMGA FSI) framework to demonstrate the influence of geometric changes on THV performance. The proposed modeling framework illustrates the impact of these features on THV behavior and indicates the effectiveness of parametric modeling approaches for enhancing THV performance and efficacy in the future.
Effect of muscle stretching and isometric exercises on quality of life in children undergoing regular hemodialysis
Authors: Khalf-allah Shimaa Hassan , Ebrahim Hekmat , Badawy Ahlam , Sayed Hend
Published: June 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent health issue that can have detrimental effects on the quality of life (QoL) of children. Nevertheless, with adequate management and support, many children with CKD can have satisfying lives. The study aimed to investigate the effect of muscle stretching and isometric exercises on QoL of children undergoing hemodialysis.

Methods

Sixty-eight children aged 6–18 years with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis at Assiut University Children Hospital were included. They were randomly assigned to two groups. The study group received a 40-min exercise program three times per week for 2 months, while the control group received routine hospital care. For outcome measures, two tools were used: a simple questionnaire sheet for personal and medical data and PedsQL™ scale.

Results

After 2 months of exercise, it was shown that most children in the study group (66.7%) had good QoL, in contrast to only 3.3% in the control group, with a highly statistically significant variation between the two examined groups pertaining to the health-related QoL scale (P value = 0.001) after exercise.

Conclusion

The intensity of care for children on hemodialysis has a distinguished impact upon their quality of life. The implementation of muscle stretching and isometric exercises during hemodialysis represents an important aspect of such care that may be associated with significant improvement in all domains of QoL. Children undergoing hemodialysis need well-organized programs that cover all physical and psychological aspects with smart time manipulation and increased attention from their staff.

Graphical Abstract
Uniqueness when the $$L_p$$ curvature is close to be a constant for $$p\in [0,1)$$
Authors: Böröczky Károly J. , Saroglou Christos
Published: June 2024

For fixed positive integer n, $$p\in [0,1)$$

p
∈
[
0
,
1
)

, $$a\in (0,1)$$

a
∈
(
0
,
1
)

, we prove that if a function $$g:{\mathbb {S}}^{n-1}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

g
:

S

n
-
1

→
R

is sufficiently close to 1, in the $$C^a$$

C
a

sense, then there exists a unique convex body K whose $$L_p$$

L
p

curvature function equals g. This was previously established for $$n=3$$

n
=
3

, $$p=0$$

p
=
0

by Chen et al. (Adv Math 411(A):108782, 2022) and in the symmetric case by Chen et al. (Adv Math 368:107166, 2020). Related, we show that if $$p=0$$

p
=
0

and $$n=4$$

n
=
4

or $$n\le 3$$

n
≤
3

and $$p\in [0,1)$$

p
∈
[
0
,
1
)

, and the $$L_p$$

L
p

curvature function g of a (sufficiently regular, containing the origin) convex body K satisfies $$\lambda ^{-1}\le g\le \lambda $$

λ

-
1

≤
g
≤
λ

, for some $$\lambda >1$$

λ
>
1

, then $$\max _{x\in {\mathbb {S}}^{n-1}}h_K(x)\le C(p,\lambda )$$

max

x
∈

S

n
-
1

h
K

(
x
)

≤
C

(
p
,
λ
)

, for some constant $$C(p,\lambda )>0$$

C
(
p
,
λ
)
>
0

that depends only on p and $$\lambda $$
λ
. This also extends a result from Chen et al. [10]. Along the way, we obtain a result, that might be of independent interest, concerning the question of when the support of the $$L_p$$

L
p

surface area measure is lower dimensional. Finally, we establish a strong non-uniqueness result for the $$L_p$$

L
p

-Minkowksi problem, for $$-n<p<0$$

-
n
<
p
<
0

.
Exploring recursive neural networks for compact handwritten text recognition models
Authors: Mas-Candela Enrique , Calvo-Zaragoza Jorge
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the challenge of deploying recognition models in specific scenarios in which memory size is relevant, such as in low-cost devices or browser-based applications. We specifically focus on developing memory-efficient approaches for Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) by leveraging recursive networks. These networks reuse learned weights across successive layers, thus enabling the maintenance of depth, a critical factor associated with model accuracy, without an increase in memory footprint. We apply neural recursion techniques to models typically used in HTR that contain convolutional and recurrent layers. We additionally study the impact of kernel scaling, which allows the activations of these recursive layers to be modified for greater expressiveness with little cost to memory. Our experiments on various HTR benchmarks demonstrate that recursive networks are, indeed, a good alternative. It is noteworthy that these recursive networks not only preserve but in some instances also enhance accuracy, making them a promising solution for memory-efficient HTR applications. This research establishes the utility of recursive networks in addressing memory constraints in HTR models. Their ability to sustain or improve accuracy while being memory-efficient positions them as a promising solution for practical deployment, especially in contexts where memory size is a critical consideration, such as low-cost devices and browser-based applications.
Terrestrial mosses as a substrate and potential host for cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms
Authors: Szczepocka Ewelina , Nowicka-Krawczyk Paulina , Wolski Grzegorz J.
Published: June 2024

Most studies of terrestrial bryophytes as natural substrates for photosynthetic microorganisms have been performed in the polar regions, where bryophytes are an important part of the ecosystem. As they remain green throughout the year, bryophytes may also be an ideal substrate for epiphytic organisms in temperate regions. The present study investigated the colonization potential and diversity of microalgae on selected plant species in riparian forest and spruce monoculture in a temperate region. It examines whether the presence of algae is related to substrate humidity, the micromorphology of gametophyte or the seasonal availability of substrate. The taxonomic diversity of algae was studied. Cyanobacteria and green algae were cultured on BG-11 agar medium, while diatoms were identified in permanent diatomaceous slides. The alpha- and beta-diversity indices were calculated, and the communities were compared using Bray-Curtis distances and multidimensional correspondence analyses. Our findings indicate that the largest number of alga species were diatoms; however, their presence was only observed in riparian forest and was associated with high humidity. Both aerophilic and freshwater taxa were noted, the latter carried by water from nearby aquatic ecosystem. Green algae were present in both phytocoenoses and humidity appears to have no substantial effect on the degree of colonization; their diversity was low and the group consisted of terrestrial taxa. In two bryophytes growing at the highest humidity, cyanobacteria were only identified in culture. The key factor influencing the degree of microalgae colonization was the humidity of the substrate, which was related to the distance from water.
Morphological changes in plasma-exposed poultry red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) using high-resolution video camera and optical coherence tomography (OCT)
Authors: Rüster Vanessa , Werner Henrik , Avramidis Georg , Wieneke Stephan , Strube Christina , Schnabel Christian , Bartels Thomas
Published: June 2024

Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite (PRM), is a hematophagous temporary ectoparasite that causes serious economic losses and animal health impairment on laying hen farms worldwide. Control is limited by the parasite’s hidden lifestyle, restrictions on the use of chemical acaricides and the development of resistance against certain drug classes. As a result, research was conducted to explore alternative control methods. In recent years, atmospheric pressure plasma has been increasingly reported as an alternative to chemical acaricides for pest control. This physical method has also shown promising against PRM under laboratory conditions. However, the detailed mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, the effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on PRM were investigated using digital videography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging technique that visualizes the topography of surfaces and internal structures. Digital videography showed that a redistribution of the contents of the intestinal tract and excretory organs (Malpighian tubules) occurred immediately after plasma exposure. The body fluids reached the distal leg segments of PRM and parts of the haemocoel showed whiter and denser clumps, indicating a coagulation of the haemocoel components. OCT showed a loss of the boundaries of the hollow organs in transverse and sagittal sectional images as well as in the three-dimensional image reconstruction. In addition, a dorso-ventral shrinkage of the idiosoma was observed in plasma-exposed mites, which had shrunk to 44.0% of its original height six minutes after plasma exposure.
Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Gay Adults’ Reactions to Same-Gender versus Other-Gender Flirtation: Findings from a German Study
Authors: Kranz Dirk , Guell Laura , Rosenbach Steffen
Published: June 2024

Using a vignette methodology, this study examined reactions to same-gender versus other-gender flirtation in a sample of 445 German young adults: 320 participants with a heterosexual orientation and 125 participants with a lesbian or gay (LG) orientation. Even in LG-friendly societies as Germany, receiving advances from someone of the same gender might still evoke heterosexuals’ homonegativity. Another factor that might influence heterosexuals’ reactions to same-gender flirtation is the fear of being misidentified as LG (social contagion concerns). Contrary to hypothesis, results provided little evidence to classify heterosexual participants’ reactions to same-gender flirters as homonegative. Firstly, heterosexual participants showed the same degree of negative affect and avoidance behavior in the same-gender flirtation condition as LG participants did in the other-gender flirtation condition. Only positive affect scores were somewhat lower for heterosexual participants in the same-gender flirtation condition compared to LG participants in the other-gender flirtation condition. Secondly, when anti-LG attitudes and social contagion concerns were considered together, only social contagion concerns contributed to explaining variance in heterosexual participants’ response to same-gender flirters. Specifically, the impact of social contagion concerns on heterosexual participants’ avoidance of same-gender flirters was mediated by (lacking) positive affect, but not negative affect.