bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase transition of InN films via trimethylindium flows
Authors: Hanson A. , Motengen A.
Published: August 2022

Wurtzite (w) and zincblende (zb) InN films have been grown on (011) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates by metal- organic chemical vapor deposition, the epitaxial relation- ships and optical properties are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption and photoluminescence (PL). Based on XRD θ –2θ  and  Φ  scanning results,  the  epi- taxial relationships between (w- and zb-) InN films and STO substrates are determined, that is, (0001)[1120]w-InN (011)[100]STO and (100)[011]zb-InN //(011)[100]STO. Compared with the w-InN films, the zb-InN films exhibit a red shift in absorption edge and PL spectra, and a much nar- rower and stronger PL spectrum, implying a better optical quality of zb-InN films. The structure transition is supposed to be due to the difference in atom and bond areal density between the crystal plane of w-InN(0001) and zb-InN(100).
Deformation Analysis on The Wall of Coal Reclaim Tunnel In Binungan, Suaran, Kalimantan Timur Using Terestrial Surveys
Authors: Muafiry Ihsan Naufal , Nurdiansyah Nurdiansyah , Adriansyah Yan , Ayu Karondia Loryena , Kurniawan Sigit , Widitomo Danang
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study is conducted in the Binungan Suaran tunnel (Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia), at the cross-section of DDH2_A and DDH3, owned by Berau Coal Ltd. The purpose of this study is to observe the magnitude, direction and rate of change of the position of coal reclaim tunnel wall when the tonnage of stockpile above decreased significantly. By installing four reflector stickers on the DDH2_A and eight reflector stickers on the DDH3_A1, the three-dimensional position of the reflector is observed periodically using total station and then used for displacement and velocity analysis. It is found that the total displacement of the tunnel wall is ranging from 2-12 mm with its fastest rate of 0.17 mm/day. Mostly, tunnel drifted in vertical direction (Up-Down). The displacement at the DDH3_A1 is about 4.29 mm to 6.70 mm with significant plunge. Although two reflectors at the DDH2_A section shows downward movement, their plunge angle are small (-7.77o and -15.85o). Such movement is considered originally from the last phase of elastic deformation, for example tunnel returns to its original position after the loss of weight of the coal stockpile from 146,361 tons on April 29th, 2019 to 56,009 tons on May 24th, 2019.
Keywords: Tunnel, coal stockpile tonnage, vertical deformation, total station.
Abstract
Penelitian ini dilakukan di terowongan Binungan Suaran (Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia), tepatnya pada sektor DDH2_A dan DDH3 milik PT. Berau Coal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati besar, arah dan laju perubahan posisi dinding terowongan stockpile batubara pada saat tonase stockpile diatasnya menurun secara signifikan. Dengan memasang empat stiker reflektor pada sektor DDH2_A dan delapan stiker reflektor pada sektor DDH3_A1, posisi tiga dimensi reflektor diamati secara berkala menggunakan total station kemudian akan digunakan untuk analisis perpindahan dan kecepatan. Ditemukan bahwa perpindahan total dinding terowongan berkisar antara 2-12 mm dengan laju tercepat 0,17 mm/hari. Didapatkan perpindahan tersebut paling besar pada komponen vertikal (Up-Down directions). Perpidahan posisi dinding ke arah atas di sektor DDH3_A1 sekitar 4,29 mm hingga 6,70 mm dengan arah vektor yang cukup curam. Meskipun dua reflektor pada sektor DDH2_A menunjukkan gerakan ke bawah, sudut terjunnya kecil (-7,77o dan -15,85o). Deformasi vertikal pada dinding tunnel stockpile batubara tersebut dianggap berasal dari fase terakhir deformasi elastis, misalnya terowongan kembali ke posisi semula setelah kehilangan beban stockpile batubara dari 146.361 ton pada 29 April 2019 menjadi 56.009 ton pada 24 Mei 2019.
Keywords: Terowongan, tonase timbunan batubara, deformasi vertikal, total station.
Penerapan Stimuli toilet training oleh Ibu pada Anak Usia Toddler di Kelompok Bermain dan Tempat Penitipan Anak
Authors: Astuti Wahyu Tri , Purnamasari Nita , Nurhayati Lis
Published: August 2022

Toilet training pada anak merupakan cara untuk melatih anak agar mampu mengontrol buang air kecil (BAK) dan buang air besar (BAB). Anak harus mampu mengenali dorongan untuk melepaskan atau menahan dan mampu mengkomunikasikannya. Toilet training diharapkan dapat melatih anak untuk mampu BAB dan BAK di tempat yang telah ditentukan. Selain itu, toilet training juga mengajarkan anak dapat membersihkan kotoran sendiri dan memakai kembali celananya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penerapan stimuli toilet training oleh ibu pada anak usia toddler di Kelompok Bermain dan Tempat Penitipan Anak Permata Hati Kecamatan Grabag Kabupaten Magelang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah responden 36 anak usia 1-3 tahun dengan teknik total sampling. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan analisis deskriptif SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa penerapan toilet training oleh responden yang menerapkan dengan baik sebanyak 36,11% dan diterapkan sebagian 63,89%. Lebih lanjut, penerapan toilet training terbanyak adalah menerapkan sebagian karena dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan responden SMA, sebagian besar responden bekerja, kualitas perhatian ibu baik, dan lingkungan bersosialisasi responden baik.
Literature Review : Teknik Pursed Lips Breathing (PLB) Terhadap Saturasi Oksigen pada Pasien Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK)
Authors: Rusminah Rusminah , Siswanto Siswanto , Amalia Susi
Published: August 2022

Latar Belakang : Saturasi oksigen adalah persentase kandungan oksigen dalam arteri. Penurunan saturasi oksigen pada PPOK terjadi karena penyempitan bronkus sehingga karbondioksida terjebak dan oksigen tidak bisa masuk ke paru-paru. Penanganan pasien PPOK dengan teknik non farmakologi berupa latihan pernapasan pursed lips breathing. Tujuan : Mengetahui efektifitas teknik pursed lips breating terhadap saturasi oksigen pada pasien PPOK. Metode : Artikel ilmiah ini menggunakan pendekatan eksploratif menggunakan metode dan desain literature review yang dilakukan tanggal 15 Juni sampai 25 Agustus 2020 dengan mengambil sumber-sumber dari Google Scholar yang sesuai dengan kata kunci dan kriteria diantaranya jurnal nasional dan internasional, terbit 10 tahun terakhir, bukan merupakan jurnal asuhan keperawatan, jurnal yang tidak dapat diakses full text. Hasil : Terdapat 68 yang diidentifikasi dan dipublikasikan tahun 2011-2020. Artikel sebanyak 68 terpilih 3 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Dari 3 jurnal didapatkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik pursed lips breathing dapat meningkatkan saturasi oksigen. Simpulan : Teknik pursed lips breathing efektif terhadap saturasi oksigen pada pasien dengan penyakit paru obstruksi kronik (PPOK).
Literature Review : Penerapan Metode Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Terhadap Kestabilan Suhu Tubuh
Authors: Astuti Wahyu Tri , Suryatama Nindy
Published: August 2022

Latar belakang : Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) adalah bayi dengan berat lahir kurang dari 2500 gram tanpa memandang usia kehamilan, baik prematue atau cukup bulan. BBLR sangat rentan terhadap hipotermia oleh karena lemak subkutan sangat tipis dan infeksi. Bayi premature atau bayi berat lahir rendah sangat rentan terhadap terjadinya hipotermia, karena lemak subkutan sangat tipis. Hipotermi adalah kondisi suhu tubuh dibawah normal. Adanya ketidakseimbangan panas bayi baru lahir akan berusaha menstabilkan suhu tubuhnya terhadap faktor-faktor penyebab, dan juga disertai tanda-tanda hipotermia, seperti bayi menggigil, aktivitas berkurang, tangisan melemah, kaki teraba dingin. Bayi dengan berat lahir rendah harus dirawat dalam inkubator atau dapat dengan meletakkan bayi diantara kedua payudara ibu sehingga terjadi kontak langsung kulit ibu dan kulit bayi atau yang biasa disebut metode kangaroo mother care (KMC). Tujuan : Mengetahui efektifitas penerapan metode KMC terhadap kestabilan suhu tubuh pada BBLR. Metode : Artikel ilmiah menggunakan pendekatan eksploratif dengan metode dan desain literature riview ini dengan mengambil sumber- sumber yang dilakukan pada tanggal 15 Juni sampai 25 Agustus 2020 dengan penelitian Google Shoolar yang sesuai dengan kata kunci dan kriteria diantaranya jurnal nasional bahasa Indonesia, terbit 10 tahun terakhir, bukan merupakan jurnal asuhan keperawatan, jurnal yang tidak dapat diakses full text. Hasil : terdapat 255 yang diidentifikasi dan dipublikasi dari tahun 2011-2020. Dari 265 artikel 3 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, yang menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode KMC dapat meningkatkan kestabilan suhu tubuh pada BBLR. Simpulan : Penerapan metode KMC efektif dalam menstabilkan suhu tubuh pada BBLR dan penerapan metode KMC efektif dilakukan dengan durasi minimal 1 jam yang diberikan secara terus-menerus.
Literature Review : Teknik Relaksasi Benson terhadap Kadar Gula Darah pada Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Marhamah Emah , Syamsudin Syamsudin , Ramadhanty Afiqah
Published: August 2022

Latar belakang : Kadar gula darah merupakan jumlah kandungan gukosa dalam plasma darah di mana kadar gula darah ini bisa meningkat. Teknik relaksasi benson merupakan jenis teknik relaksasi yang bisa menekan hormon epienefrin, kortisol, glucagon, adrenocortiotropic hormone (ACTH), kortikosteroid, dan tiroid sehingga dapat menurunkan stres sehingga kadar gula darah dapat terkontrol Kondisi peningkatan kadar gula darah lebih banyak terjadi pada pasien dengan Diabetes Melitus. Penatalaksanaan kadar gula darah tinggi pada penderita Diabetes Melitus diantaranya adalah non faramakologi dengan Penatalaksanaan manajemen stres dengan teknik relaksasi salah satunya yaitu dengan teknik relaksasi benson. Tujuan : Mengetahui efektifitas teknik relaksasi benson dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah. Metode: Artikel ilmiah menggunakan pendekatan eksploratif menggunakan metode dan desain literatur review ini dengan mengambil sumber-sumber yang dilakukan pada tanggal 15 Juni sampai 25 Agustus 2020 dengan penelusuran Google Scholar yang sesuai dengan kata kunci dan kriteria bukan merupakan jurnal asuhan keperawatan, jurnal yang dapat diakses full text. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2020. Hasil: Terdapat 580 yang diidentifikasi dan dipublikasikan dari tahun 2011-2020. Dari 580 artikel 3 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Simpulan: Pemberian teknik relaksasi benson efektif untuk mendukung menurunkan kadar gula darah.
Gambaran Kecenderungan Perilaku Self-Harm pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Studi
Authors: Alifiando Bilfrans Keyvien , Pinilih Sambodo Sriadi , Amin Muhammad Khoirul
Published: August 2022

Perilaku menyakiti diri sendiri (self-harm) merupakan kelakuan seseorang untuk menyakiti diri sendiri yang dimulai antar usia 11-15 tahun, dan proporsi tertinggi pada umur 10 tahun sampai 20 tahun dengan berbagai cara tanpa memandang ada atau tidaknya niat dan keinginan bunuh diri. Tindakan ini dilakukan untuk mengurangi ketegangan agar merasa lebih tenang dari perasaan yang tidak nyaman akibat masalah dirasakan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kecenderungan perilaku self-harm pada Mahasiswa di Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah responden 104 mahasiswa dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan analisis deskriptif SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 56,7% memiliki kecenderungan perilaku self-harm yang didominasi perempuan dengan presentase 47,7%. Mahasiswa yang tidak memiliki coping adaptif dapat berisiko melakukan tindakan self-harm.
Intervensi untuk Meningkatkan Resiliensi pada Remaja
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Kartini Monica
Published: August 2022

Membangun resiliensi atau ketahanan pada remaja merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat penting. Remaja yang tangguh akan mampu menunjukkan sikap dan perilaku positif, berfungsi positif dalam situasi yang berisiko, mengembangkan kemampuan koping yang positif, dapat bangkit kembali dari situasi yang traumatis, dan menurunkan risiko munculnya gejala depresi. Tujuan penyusunan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui intervensi-intervensi guna meningkatkan resiliensi pada remaja. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode literature review pada database Garba Rujukan Digital (Garuda) dan Pubmed, menggunakan kata kunci remaja resilien, adolescen* AND resilien*. Hasil penelusuran literatur didapatkan 651 artikel, namun yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dianalisis adalah 14 artikel. Sebanyak lima (5) dari 14 penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa intervensi yang dilaksanakan efektif untuk meningkatkan resiliensi pada remaja. Resiliensi pada remaja dapat ditingkatkan dengan intervensi yang meliputi berbagai aspek pada individu dan lingkungan sosial, yang dilaksanakan dalam beberapa sesi dan dilakukan follow up. Intervensi manajemen stres, mindfulness, yoga, cognitive reappraisal, humor, teknik relaksasi, mengembangkan life skills dan kebersyukuran merupakan upaya-upaya yang dapat dikembangkan untuk membantu remaja meningkatkan resiliensi. Sebagai rekomendasi, diperlukan penelitian selanjutnya mengenai intervensi atau model untuk mengembangkan resiliensi pada remaja di Indonesia, khususnya intervensi yang berbasis pada komunitas.
Status Khuntsa Musykil Sebagai Ahli Waris (Studi Pemikiran Imam Abu Hanifah)
Authors: Chaula Luthfia
Published: August 2022

Allah Swt menciptakan manusia hanya dua jenis kelamin yaitu laki-laki dan perempuan. Masing-masing jenisnya memiliki karakteristik dan ciri-ciri yang berbeda. Tetapi kenyataannya, terdapat sese­orang yang tidak mempunyai status yang jelas, bukan laki-laki dan bukan perempuan. Orang dengan ketidakjelasan status jenis kelaminnya ini disebut khuntsa, dalam dunia medis dikenal dengan istilah Hermaphrodite. Salah satu permasalahan khuntsa adalah dalam hal menentukan hak waris, serta bagian warisannya. Dalam Al-Qur’an jelas dikemukakan secara detail mengenai hukum kewarisan. Tapi belum ditemukan dalam Al-Qur’an mengenai hukum waris bagi khuntsa. Tulisan ini akan membahas serta menganalisis pendapat Imam Abu Hanifah dalam menentukan status dan bagian warisan yang diterima khuntsa musykil.

Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif dan filosofis yaitu pendekatan yang didasarkan atas norma hukum dan konsep syarî’ah. Hasil penelitian ini mengemukakan ada dua sebab dalam melatar belakangi kewarisan  khuntsa musykil menurut Imam Abu Hanifah. Pertama, orang yang mewaris tidak bisa mendapat hak warisnya, kecuali dengan ketentuan yang pasti dan meyakinkan tanpa adanya keragu-raguan di dalamnya. Kedua, pada dasarnya semua hukum itu tidak bisa dijalankan kecuali dengan yakin begitu pula mengenai ketentuan hukum waris tersebut haruslah dengan yakin.
Optimalisasi Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Gender Pasca Terbitnya Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Kebudayaan dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia Nomor 30 tahun 2021 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Ayu Navirta Ayu
Published: August 2022

This research is a doctrinal research, or often also referred to as normative research, which is a study of the law that is conceptualized and developed on the basis of the doctrine adopted by the conceptor and or its development and form of implementation. In the doctrine of positivism, law is conceptualized as a rule of law. Therefore, doctrinal legal research in the positivism tradition is focused on written law, in this case laws and regulations, especially legislation relating to the optimization of human rights and gender law after the issuance of Permenristekdikti Number 30 of 2021 concerning the Prevention and Handling of Violence. Sexuality in College Environment. In addition to criticizing the laws and regulations, they also look at how the implementation of these laws and regulations are and see what are the obstacles in realizing justice regarding the prevention and handling of sexual violence in universities. The result of this study is that sexual violence is targeted at vulnerable groups. Most of the victims were women and children. Women and children are part of a vulnerable group of people and are entitled to special treatment and protection under human rights laws and regulations because of their vulnerability. Special precautions relating to the protection of women and children who are victims of sexual violence are very important. Higher education as an institution of access to education which is a constitutional right of citizens is obliged to become a safe space for the entire academic community from sexual violence; tertiary institutions are required to guarantee the rights of the academic community in studying and working in an effort to protect against sexual violence, including the protection and guarantee of academic rights
Eigenvalue Density, Li's Positivity, and the Critical Strip
Authors: He Yang-Hui , Jejjala Vishnu , Minic Djordje
Published: August 2022

We rewrite the zero-counting formula within the critical strip of the Riemann zeta function as a cumulative density distribution;this subsequently allows us to formally derive an integral expression for the Li coefficients associated with the Riemann Xi-function which, in particular, indicate that their positivity criterion is obeyed, whereby entailing the criticality of the non-trivial zeros. We conjecture the validity of this and related expressions without the need for the Riemann Hypothesis and also offer a physical interpretation of the result and discuss the Hilbert-Polya approach.
Fields over Fields
Authors: He Yang-Hui
Published: August 2022

We investigate certain arithmetic properties of field theories. In particular, we study the vacuum structure of supersymmetric gauge theories as algebraic varieties over number fields of finite characteristic. Parallel to the Plethystic Programme of counting the spectrum of operators from the syzygies of the complex geometry, we construct, based on the zeros of the vacuum moduli space over finite fields, the local and global Hasse-Weil zeta functions, as well as develop the associated Dirichlet expansions. We find curious dualities wherein the geometrical properties and asymptotic behaviour of one gauge theory is governed by the number theoretic nature of another.
Experimental Study of Link Quality Distribution in Sensor Network Deployment for Building Environment
Authors: Malka. N. Halgamuge  , Toong-Khuan Chan  , Mendis Priyan
Published: August 2022

Monitoring and automatic control of building environment is a crucial application of wireless sensor network (WSN) in which maximizing network lifetime is a key challenge. The link quality distribution in a single floor of an indoor building environment is investigated experimentally to obtain a full coverage map. The results indicate a broad transitional region between 15 to 30m from the hub, and confirm that the transitional region is of particular concern in wireless sensor network since it accommodates high variance unreliable links. The poor link quality in the transitional region may be attributed to the many obstacles within the radio path including concrete element, brick walls, plasterboard partitions, office furniture and other items that either absorbs or reflects these radio waves leading to signal loss or multi-path effects.
Building Automation Systems Using Wireless Sensor Networks: Radio Characteristics and Energy Efficient Communication Protocols
Authors: Feng Shu  , Malka. N. Halgamuge  , Wei Chen
Published: August 2022

Building automation systems (BAS) are typically used to monitor and control heating, ventila-tion, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, manage building facilities (e.g., lighting, safety, and security), and automate meter reading. In recent years, the technology of wireless sensor network (WSN) has been at-tracting extensive research and development efforts to replace the traditional wired solutions for BAS. Key challenges of integrating WSN to a BAS include characterizing the radio features of BAS environments, and fulfilling the requirements of the extremely low energy consumption. In this survey paper, we first describe the radio characteristics of indoor environments, and then introduce the important medium access control (MAC) protocols developed for WSN which can be potentially used in BAS systems.
Comparative Study of Two Optimization Methods for Structural Damage Severity Estimation
Authors: W.L. Bayissa  , N. Haritos
Published: August 2022

This paper presents comparative assessment of the performance characteristics of two optimization algorithms, namely a deterministic nonlinear least squares (NLS) optimization and a stochastic adaptive simulated (ASA) annealing global optimization, implemented in the context of a two-stage structural damage severity estimation approach. First, both the standard NLS and global ASA optimization algorithms were employed to estimate single as well as multiple structural damage severity via minimization of a cost function expressed in terms of the scalar distance between the “damage-sensitive” response parameter determined from a potentially damaged structure and that computed from a finite element model of the undamaged structure. Consequently, the results obtained from extensive simulation studies conducted on data acquired from numerical experiments performed on a simply supported beam-like structure using both of the optimization algorithms in the presence of more realistic damage condition states were compared. The practical relevance of these results are critically summarized in this paper.
Modelling Force Flows in a Wood Light-Frame Buildings
Authors: G. Doudak  , I. Smith  , G. McClure
Published: August 2022

Questions associated with analysis and design of wood light-frame buildings are addressed with emphasis on three-dimensional system analysis. Specifically, concepts for very detailed finite element modelling are presented along with verification based on full system and substructure experiments. Such detailed modelling is not intended for application in normal design practice but is a necessary precursor to framing decisions about design level practice and development of associated provisions in timber design codes. Ongoing activities are applying what is discussed within the context of the Canadian code system and potentially others.
Performance of CFRP-Wrapped Connections
Authors: A. Parvin
Published: August 2022

Externally-applied FRP wraps have proven to be efficient and effective technique to repair and strengthened structurally deficient beam-column joints. To date, the vast majority of FRP retrofitting studies have been performed on beams and columns. However, investigations on FRP strengthening of beam-column connections are scattered and limited. In the present study, interior and exterior as-built reinforced beamcolumns joints are compared to their CFRP-wrapped counterparts through finite element analysis. The joints are subjected to constant axial and lateral cyclic loads. The lateral load versus displacement response of the interior joint control model was found to be superior to that of the exterior control joint model in all aspects. Therefore, the exterior T-joints are the more critical type to upgrade. However, regardless of their type, the CFRP-strengthened connections outperformed the as-built models in terms of strength and ductility.
Vulnerability and Restoration Assessment of Masonry Structural Systems
Authors: P.G. Asteris  , I.P. Giannopoulos
Published: August 2022

The Masonry structures are complicated systems that require a thorough and detailed knowledge and information regarding their behavior under seismic loading. Appropriate modeling of a masonry structure is a prerequisite for robust earthquake resistant design. However, modeling a real structure to a robust quantitative (mathematical) representation is a very difficult and complicated task. This paper presents an approach toward a solution of the problem. A novel methodology for earthquake resistant design of masonry structural systems, either before or after their repair and/or strengthening, is presented. The entire process is illustrated in the case study of a 4-storey historical masonry structure located in the city of Patras, in Greece.
Automatic monitoring and control of museums’ environment based on Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: L.M. Rodríguez Peralta  , L.M.P.L. Brito  , B.A.T. Gouveia  , D.J.G. Sousa  , C.S. Alves
Published: August 2022

In museums, it is critical to properly conserve the existing artwork. For this purpose, it is fundamental to continuously monitor its environment, either in storage or exhibition rooms. Contrarily to traditional measuring equipments and procedures used in museums, the deployment of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can help to implement these measurements continuously, in a real-time basis, and in a much easier and cheaper way. This is the main objective of the WISE-MUSE project, which proposes the use of WSNs for museums’ environmental and structural monitoring, and automatic environmental control. In this paper, the implementation and the main results of the WISE-MUSE project, which was carried out in a contemporary art museum, are described. Among other important contributions that will also be described in this paper, the development of a new wireless sensor node and a Web-based visualization tool, which bring some considerable advantages when compared with other commercially available solutions, are emphasized.
On the residual energy toughness of prestressed concrete sleepers in railway track structures subjected to repeated impact loads
Authors: SAKDIRAT KAEWUNRUEN  , ALEX M. REMENNIKOV
Published: August 2022

Installed as the crosstie beam support in railway track systems, the prestressed concrete sleepers (or railroad ties) are designed in order to carry and transfer the wheel loads from the rails to the ground. It is nowadays best known that railway tracks are subject to the impact loading conditions, which are attributable to the train operations with either wheel or rail abnormalities such as flat wheels, dipped rails, etc. These loads are of very high magnitude but short duration, as well as there exists the potential of repeated load experience during the design life of the prestressed concrete sleepers. These have led to two main limit states for the design consideration: ultimate limit states under extreme impact and fatigue limit states under repeated impact loads. Prestressed concrete has played a significant role as to maintain the high endurance of the sleepers under low to moderate repeated impact loads. In spite of the most common use of the prestressed concrete sleepers in railway tracks, their impact responses and behaviours under the repetitions of severe impact loads are not deeply appreciated nor taken into the design consideration. This experimental investigation was aimed at understanding the residual capacity of prestressed concrete sleepers in railway track structures under repeated impact loading, in order to form the state of the art of limit states design concept for prestressed concrete sleepers. A high-capacity drop weight impact testing machine was constructed at the University of Wollongong as to achieve the purpose. Series of repeated impact tests for the in-situ prestressed concrete sleepers were carried out, ranging from low to high impact magnitudes. The impact forces have been correlated against the probabilistic track force distribution obtained from a Queensland heavy haul rail network. The impactdamaged sleepers were re-tested under static conditions in order to evaluate the residual energy toughness in accordance with the Australian Standard. It is found that a concrete sleeper damaged by an impact load could possess significant reserve capacity sufficient for resisting the axle load of about 1.05 to 1.10 times of the design axle loads. The accumulative impact damage and residual energy toughness under different magnitudes of probabilistic impacts are highlighted in this paper. The effects of track environment including soft and hard tracks are also presented as to implement design guidance related to the serviceability or fatigue limit statesdesign.
Recent Australian Developments in Fibre Composite Railway Sleepers
Authors: Gerard VAN ERP  , Malcolm MCKAY
Published: August 2022

Despite a range of environmental concerns, railway companies worldwide continue to use timber sleepers to maintain their existing timber lines. In recent years reinforced polymer sleepers have emerged as a potential alternative but because of their high price their uptake has been very slow. In Australia a number of exciting new developments in reinforced polymer sleepers have recently been introduced into the market place by Carbonloc Pty Ltd, a spin-off company of the University of Southern Queensland in Toowoomba. This paper will discuss the details of these new polymer sleepers and compare their performance to the polymer sleepers that have been available in the market for some time.
Compressive Strength Evaluation of Stabilized and Solidified Metal Waste from Shipyard
Authors: H.S. J. KANG  , M. G. SHAABAN  , U.J.ALEGARAM  , S. SALLEH
Published: August 2022

The abrasive blasting activities in shipyard produce very fine airborne dust in large volume, which is commonly known as abrasive blasting waste (ABW). ABW is a major concern in solid waste management. This ABW contains high concentration of hazardous pollutants such as antifouling paint and heavy metals. These pollutants cause adverse effect to the human health and environment especially the marine organisms. Currently, the available sanitary landfills are reaching the maximum capacity which could not withhold the increasing waste production. Further, there is a lack of information regarding solidification and stabilization (SS) treatment towards ABW in Malaysia. In this research, using Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as binder and ABW as filler, attempt has been made to produce stabilized blocks. The variables include water to cement (W/C) of 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5 and cement to ABW (C/AB) ratio of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0. In this paper, strength development of stabilized blocks is discussed. These blocks could be used as potential building material such as paving block, brick and filler material.
Mixture Proportioning Of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) Containing Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: A. H. HASSAN  , H.B. MAHMUD
Published: August 2022

Self-compacting concrete is a new generation of high-performance concrete with the aim of building durable concrete structures without any skilled laborers for concrete placement. This paper displays mixture proportion of self-compacting concrete and briefly discusses the effects of addition of rice husk ash (RHA), fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) to fresh properties, compressive strength and durability performance of self- compacting concrete.
The Use of Fibre Bragg Grating To Monitor the Early Age Curing Temperature of Cement Paste
Authors: L. DONG  , Z. IBRAHIM  , Z. ISMAIL
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) is used to monitor the early age curing temperature of cement paste. The FBG is inscribed by a Continuous Wave (CW) 244nm argon ion laser in the photosensitive fibre. The fabricated FBG is calibrated from room temperature to 105ºC. In this temperature range, the FBG is found to be in good conditions in both the sensitivity and linearity, which are around 9pm/ºC and 99.9%, respectively. In the experiment, the GP Portland cement, sand and water were mixed by volume of 800, 500, and 275 ml, respectively, as the host specimen. The results of the experiment prove that the FBG can determine the setting time of the specimen at the curing time of 5h.
Optimization of Interference Effects on High-Rise Buildings for Different Wind Angle Using CFD Simulation
Authors: A.K. Bairagi  , S.K. Dalui
Published: August 2022

A numerical study by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation to obtain optimum spacing in between interfering and principal building where the interference effects are nullified and the behavior of principal building will be the same as the isolated building. The analytical result of rectangular plan shape prismatic bluff bodies are investigated in a series of Fluid Flow (CFX) analysis to study the optimum spacing in between interfering and principal building at 0° and 90° wind angle. This study highlights the Interference Factor (IF) of principal building which is similar to the an isolated building due to increasing spacing in between interfering and principal building. The plans of both the buildings are rectangular in shape and similar dimensions and principle axis. This study also highlights the IF, also found by the graphical representation of different spacing between interfering building and principal building.
The Effect of the Arrangement and Length of the Concrete Shear Walls on the Response Modification Factor (R)
Authors: S. B. Talaeitaba  , H. Tahvilian  , B. Saeedi
Published: August 2022

In equivalent static analysis procedure, the design seismic force is affected by the response factor related to the inelastic behavior of the structure. This factor, whose value is used to calculate the amount of the energy damping, absorbed by the structure, depends on some parameters such as ductility and over strength. It is regarded as a constant coefficient for each type of structural systems in seismic codes. However, in dual structural systems, the effect of features like the geometry of the structure and lateral forces  resistance system on this coefficient is not taken into account. This research is aimed at investigating the effect of the arrangementand length of the shear wall in the plan on the response modification factor in dual concrete systems. To do this, 15 concrete buildings as high as 30 to 45 meters were analyzed by nonlinear static method, using Perform 3D software. The initial estimation of the shear wall length was based on resisting 75 percent of the design base shear force by the shear walls. Next, the over strength factors, ductility coefficients, and subsequently the response modification factors of the models were determined and compared to the value used in the design procedure, presented in ASCE7 code. The results indicated that the value of response modification factor, in comparison with the presented value in ASCE7 code, was varied between -18% to +25% over changing the arrangement of the shear walls, and increased for up to +32% by increasing the length of the shear wall in the plan as much as 100% in proportion to the original model.
Crack Detection using a Texture Analysis-based Technique for Visual Bridge Inspection
Authors: G.P. Bu  , S. Chanda  , H. Guan  , J. Jo  , M. Blumenstein  , Y.C. Loo
Published: August 2022

Bridge inspection is a pathway to bridge condition rating assessment, and is an essential element of any bridge management system (BMS). The success of a BMS is highly dependent on the quality of bridge inspection outcomes and accurate estimation of future bridge condition ratings. However, existing visual bridge inspection methods suffer several limitations due to human subjective judgment. In order to minimise such limitations, a feasibility study has been performed to enhance the current visual inspection method using optical image processing techniques. However, the accuracy of the inspection outcomes still requires further improvement. This paper proposes an automatic bridge inspection approach employing wavelet-based image features along with support vector machines (SVM) for automatic detection of cracks in bridge images. A two-stage approach is followed, in the first stage, a decision is made as whether an image should undergo a pre-processing step (depending on image characteristics); in the second stage, wavelet features are extracted from the image using a sliding window texture analysis-based technique. Consequently, an average accuracy of 92% (effect of training image types on accuracy) is obtained even when undertaking experiments with noisy and complex bridge images.
Steel beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP laminate: is there a need for laminate prestressing?
Authors: M.A. Gharib  , W.H. Khushefati  , M.A. Khedr  , E.Y. Sayed-Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Strengthening structural members using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminate is an effective method to increase their strength. Prestressing the CRFP laminate prior to attaching them to a steel beam can delay the common premature debonding, which is the predominant failure mode when loading such composite elements in flexure. Following a previously published experimental investigation, this paper presents the results of a finite element simulation of steel I-beams strengthened with bonded and mechanically anchored prestressed CFRP laminate subjected to flexural loading. The numerical analysis adopts a Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) technique to simulate the separation between the CFRP laminate and the steel beam in order to model the debonding failure mode. The accuracy of the finite element model is verified by comparing its results to those of the previously published experimental investigation, which was carried out on steel I-beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP laminate in deferent configurations. The numerical model is then used to evaluate the effect of changing the level of the prestressing force on the strengthened beams performance. It is found that the CFRP prestressing enhances the yield and ultimate load carrying capacity of the beams and delays the typical premature debonding failure up to a certain level of laminate prestressing.
Performance of modern building façades in fire: a comprehensive review
Authors: Kate TQ Nguyen  , Pasindu Weerasinghe  , Mendis Priyan , Ngo Tuan
Published: August 2022

Building façades are considered as one of the critical elements of a buildings especially in case of fire where poor performance façades lead to severe fire spread and building damage including human loss. There has been a significant improvement in façade design to ensure excellent building performance in terms of energy efficiency and requirements on aesthetic appeal. These changes fundamentally alter the behaviour of modern façades in fire and pose a risk to building safety and economic loss in the event of a fire. The latest incident at Grenfell tower demonstrated how vulnerable modern facades may be to fires, and emphasised how this vulnerability directly affects the safety of building occupants. The paper provides the first comprehensive review of current international design guidelines and test methods involving fire resistive design of facades. The influence of cladding material, geometry of the façade, cavities, wind and space between buildings are also discussed. Test methods that can be used to predict the flame and smoke spread are introduced and compared comprehensively. Critical aspects as the combustibility of the materials, and further studies on façade performance in fire are also highlighted.
Analysis of mode conversion and scattering of guided waves at cracks in isotropic beams using a time-domain spectral finite element method
Authors: S. He  , C.T. Ng
Published: August 2022

Detecting damages in its early stage, and hence, to ensure the safety and reliability of structures is of vital important. Guided waves have been recognised as one of the promising damage detection techniques that are sensitive to small and different types of damages. The understanding of guided wave propagation and scattering phenomena at the damages is one of the fundamental elements to facilitate the development of this technique for damage characterisation. This paper presents a study of scattering characteristics and mode conversion effects of guided waves at cracks in isotropic beams. An efficient time-domain spectral finite element method using one-dimensional (1D) beam element is developed to solve this problem. The developed model is then used to carry out a series of case studies that consider different crack sizes in the beams. These parametric studies provide a fundamental physical insight into the mode conversion phenomena and scattering characteristics of the guided waves at the cracks.
Structures with Added Buckling Restrained Brace Elements
Authors: D. Purba  , I. Imran  , M. Moestopo  , A. Watanabe  , T. Hikino  , D. Siringoringo
Published: August 2022

The number of high rise building has increased significantly as supporting infrastructure in many big cities in Indonesia. Most of the high rise buildings in Indonesia are constructed using reinforced concrete (r/c) moment resisting frame systems. However, due to the high seismicity of many of the regions of Indonesia, the use of moment resisting frames as single system, especially for tall buildings, are restricted. This structural system is in general quite flexible, and therefore excessive lateral drifts are experienced under seismic forces. In practice, adding buckling restrained brace (BRB) can be used to limit the lateral drift in high rise buildings. The objective of this paper is to present a study on the use of BRB elements in high rise r/c frame buildings to evaluate their seismic performance. In this paper, a 20 story office building located in a high seismicity region is modeled into two basic distinctions, i.e. building with BRB and without BRB. The adopted system of BRB is UBB (Unbonded Brace) type. The seismic response of the buildings is obtained by conducting non-linear time history analysis with seven scaled ground motions. Then, the performance of these buildings are evaluated and compared. Based on the findings, some recommendations are proposed for the use of BRB in the design of high rise r/c frame buildings located in regions with high seismicity.
A Review Applying Industrial Waste Materials in Stabilisation of Soft Soil
Authors: Al-Khafaji Z. S. , AL-Naely H. K. , Al-Najar A. E
Published: August 2022

Waste materials one of the most risky issues that the environment could be faced. So, many procedures have been taken by both the governments and individuals separately or together in order to reduce the effect of this global issue. One of these procedures were done by reduce the creating of the industrial waste, the reducing of waste does not mean there no waste will produce. However, the best way reduce theimpact of industrial wastes by reusing them or employed in another application such as soft soil stabilisations. Thus, in this research paper will discuss the differences between the using of traditional stabilisers materials and the cement replacement materials on both the strength of soil and physical features.
Soil-Structure Interaction of Tall Buildings Comprising Shear Walls with Openings Under Seismic Loads
Authors: T. Sharaf  , M. El Gendy  , S. Badr  , E. Lotfy
Published: August 2022

As a result of population density in Egypt emerged the importance of the use of tall buildings. Tall buildings increase the displacement of top floors due to lateral loads effect and increase the settlement due to vertical loads. A numerical analysis is carried out to analyse buildings with shear walls that have regular and staggered openings and resting on piles raft with different pile configurations under seismic action. The behaviour of soil-structure interaction, with weak soil profile, on superstructure of 20, 25, and 30 storeys and rested on a pile raft was investigated and was found to have a significant effect on the buildings. It was found that the openings in the shear walls have a significant effect on the values of the settlement. Also, the staggered openings are preferable more than the regular openings and the effect of pile length in clay soil is greater than the pile diameter.
Column Analogy in Multi-Span Hinged Frames
Authors: A. Badir  , M. Badir
Published: August 2022

A procedure is presented in which the method of column analogy, normally applicable to the analysis of single-span and closed frames, is extended for the analysis of multi-span frames with columns hinged to the ground. The extension involves consideration of conditions of rotations at the hinges. For illustration, a two-span hinged frame issolved in details. Results are in excellent agreement with values obtained using classical structural methods.
Analytical and Numerical Models of Steel I-Section Beam-Columns Strengthened with Bonded Prestressed FRP Laminates
Authors: E.Y. Sayed-Ahmed  , A.T. Abdelrazik
Published: August 2022

Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminate are currently used in strengthening steel structures having a significant favorable effect on the member capacity. Researches have been focused on FRP strength-ened beams or columns; thus, I-section beam-columns strengthened with prestressed bonded FRP laminate are scrutinized. Steel yielding, laminate rupture and/or laminate interfacial debonding common failure modes af-fecting the strengthened beam-columns capacity: debonding commonly leads to a premature failure. Prestress-ing the FRP laminate may delay this premature failure. Equations are analytically developed to evaluate the interfacial shear and normal stresses between the laminate and the steel; hence, the maximum stresses at debond-ing are evaluated. Thus, the capacity of a beam-column with prestressed FRP laminate is analytically estimated. A nonlinear numerical model is then developed for these beam-columns. The model is verified against exper-imental results available from literature. Then, a parametric study is conducted using the numerical model. Based on these results, a regression analysis is performed and the capacity of beam-columns with prestressed FRP laminate is numerically estimated considering steel yielding or FRP laminate rupture. Results of the nu-merical and analytical models lead to a proposal for evaluating the FRP strengthened beam-column capacity and the need for prestressing the FRP laminate.
Dynamic Analysis of Elevated Water Tanks
Authors: Damini J. Dhondge  , R. S. Talikoti
Published: August 2022

Water tanks are very important components of lifeline. They are vital component in municipal water system, firefighting systems and in many industrial facilities for storage of water. The water tanks get heavily damaged or collapsed during earthquake due to the fluid-structure interactions; hence the seismic be-havior of tanks has the characteristics of complex phenomena. Water storage tanks ought to stay practical within the post-earthquake amount to confirm potable water system to earthquake affected regions. The para-metric study suggests that the elevated circular tanks performs better than elevated rectangular tanks. In the present study, a dynamic analysis of elevated RCC water tanks design for the zone III and zone V as per Indi-an Standard: 1893-2002 (Part-2) and analyzed manually as well as using the software considering all the earthquake forces. Objective of this paper is to understand the dynamic behavior of elevated water tanks un-der earthquake loading.
Economical and Technical Study on the Effect of Carbon Fiber with High Strength on Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
Authors: M. Zarei  , F. Akbarinia  , Z. Rahmani  , M. Zahedi  , A. Zarei
Published: August 2022

In this article by adding different percentages of carbon fiber with high strength and doing the necessary Marshall tests, it was observed that the Marshall Resistance and its Flow increased. Due to their armed properties, the carbon fibers have a positive effect on Marshall Resistance. According to the results, in-creasing the percentage of fibers, reduces the resistance, so that the resistance of the sample containing 1.5% of carbon fiber is almost 32% more than the resistance of the sample without fiber. According to the results, the increased resistance compared to the previous researches and other fibers stems from the kind of fiber used in it and its high resistance. After increasing the fiber percentage to 3, a 12% decrease in the resistance was seen. On the other hand, by changing the percentage of the fibers added to the aggregates, the Flow will change, so that the sample containing 3% of fiber is almost 189% more Flow than the base sample. The economic analysis was used for a three-lane road. The results showed that economically speaking, due to their high price, these types of fibers are recommended to be used in restricted and optimal areas.