bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nineteenth-Century American Women Theatre Managers
Authors: Curry Jane K.
Published: January 2024

Many women held positions of great responsibility and power in the United States during the 19th century as theatre managers: managing stock companies, owning or leasing theatres, hiring actors and other personnel, selecting plays for production, directing rehearsals, supervising all production details, and promoting their dramatic offerings. Competing in risky business ventures, these women were remarkable for defying societal norms that restricted career opportunities for women. The activities of more than 50 such women are discussed in Nineteenth-Century American Women Theatre Managers, beginning with an account of 15 pioneering women managers who were all managing theatres before 24 December 1853, when Catherine Sinclair, often incorrectly identified as the first woman theatre manager in the United States, opened her theatre in San Francisco.
The Novels of Samuel Selvon
Authors: Salick Roydon
Published: January 2024

The author of such works as A Brighter Sun (1952), The Lonely Londoners (1956), and The Plains of Caroni (1970), West Indian novelist Samuel Selvon is attracting growing amounts of scholarly attention. Nonetheless, criticism of his works has largely been imbalanced, with most scholarship focusing primarily on his language. This book corrects that imbalance by placing Selvon's novels within historical, sociological, and ideological contexts. A new interpretation of Selvon's achievement as a novelist, the volume looks, for the first time, at his works in terms of categories of novels--peasant, middle-class, and immigrant.

The book demonstrates that each category is different from the others, and that novels within categories are similar. Thus it provides a coherent vision of Selvon's canon. It illustrates, as well, the development of Selvon's philosophy of West Indians as peasant, bourgeois, and immigrant. In doing so, it explores the significance of ethnicity in his works and discusses Selvon's imaginative apotheosis of the Indo-Trinidadian peasant and the diminution of the Afro-Trinidadian immigrant. The volume also studies Selvon's fictional and rhetorical techniques and argues that his works range from Bildungsroman to picaresque to epic to satire.
Offender Profiling in the Courtroom
Authors: Ebisike Norbert
Published: January 2024

Offender profiling is mainly used by the police to narrow down suspects in cases where no physical evidence was left at a crime scene. Recently, however, this technique has been introduced into the courtroom as evidence, raising questions of its reliability, validity, and admissibility at trial. Because offender profiling was not originally intended to be used in the courtroom, its entrance there has caused both confusion and controversy. Offender Profiling in the Courtroom discusses the use of profiling evidence in criminal trials. Ebisike also covers the history, development, approaches to, and the legal aspects of this crime investigation technique. Several serial crime cases where investigators used offender profiling during the criminal proceedings are discussed, including the case of the New York Mad Bomber, George Metesky, who caused thirty-two bomb explosions in New York City between 1940 and 1956, and the case of Albert DeSalvo, known as the Boston Strangler, who carried out several sexually motivated murders in Boston, Massachusetts between 1962 and 1964. Ebisike demystifies offender profiling and raises awareness about the successes and the pitfalls of the process and its use at trial.

Offender profiling is a crime investigation technique where information gathered from the crime scene, witnesses, victims (if alive), autopsy reports, and information about an offender's behavior is used to draw up a profile of the sort of person likely to commit such crime. Offender profiling does not point to a specific offender. It is based, instead, on the probability that someone with certain characteristics is likely to have committed a certain type of crime. In spite of the ever-increasing media interest in the use of offender profiling in criminal trials, this technique is still not well understood by many people, including judges, lawyers, and jurors, who weigh such evidence at trial. Some people see offender profiling as a tried and true method of identifying suspects, and others simply see it as a fiction. Here, the author helps readers understand the true nature of offender profiling and the danger of its admission into criminal cases as evidence.
Passport to Success
Authors: Martin Jeanette S. , Chaney Lillian H.
Published: January 2024

Like it or not, every business—even one conducted from the kitchen table—is global. No matter the industry, employees now routinely travel to other countries or interact with foreign customers, vendors, or fellow employees. Or they conduct business over the phone, via e-mail, or through video links. As a result, they have to understand international customs and etiquette or risk losing customers or botching business relations. And understanding business customs in other cultures isn't merely playing good defense—it often leads to new products or service enhancements that help an enterprise grow. In Passport to Success, Jeanette Martin and Lillian Chaney apply their expertise in business etiquette, training, and intercultural communications to present a practical guide to conducting business successfully around the world.

Each chapter in this book presents in-depth information on the business environment and culture in the top twenty trading partners of the United States: Canada, Mexico, Japan, China, United Kingdom, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, France, Singapore, Taiwan, Belgium, Australia, Brazil, Hong Kong, Switzerland, Malaysia, Italy, India, and Israel. Chapters contain both practical tips and illustrative examples, and the book concludes with a listing of resources (books, magazines, organizations, and Web sites) for additional information. In addition, Passport to Success contains useful overview material that will help business people plan a trip abroad or a campaign to win customers in another country. Besides trade statistics and information on global trade agreements, readers will find information on using the Internet productively to conduct or seek business, how women can succeed in countries with traditional, male-oriented business cultures, how to build cross-cultural relationships, and ways language can enhance—or obstruct—business dealings. Every businessperson is now a player in the global market for goods and services. This book provides valuable tips that will help people avoid missteps and increase their sales and personal success when dealing with counterparts in other countries.
The Persian Gulf War
Authors: Joyner Christopher C.
Published: January 2024

Although the stability of the Persian Gulf region has been of rising importance since World War II, it was during the 1980s, when the Iran-Iraq War threatened to upset the balance of power in the region, that its importance became even more magnified. This collection of essays surveys the current state of that region, placing into clearer perspective the political, security, and diplomatic dimensions of the recently ended war. By reevaluating the political landscape of the Gulf, the book produces a gauge for better assessing those factors and forces that affected the conflict's outcome and that will continue to influence future political and security developments in the region.

The volume begins with an introduction by the editor that examines the geography of the Gulf and the primary geopolitical factors that influenced perceptions of the region during the war. The essays are then divided into two sections covering Strategic and Political Dimensions and Diplomatic and Legal Dimensions. Topics covered in the first section include the roots of the crisis, Soviet, Israeli and Arab Gulf states' interests in the conflict, U.S. policy in the region, and the role of U.S. military forces. Section two discusses the reflagging of Kuwaiti tankers, the United Nations' involvement, and the cease-fire negotiations. The book concludes with a selected bibliography and an index. This study will be an important resource for courses in political science, diplomacy, and Mid-East history, as well as a significant addition to both public and university libraries.
Politics and Public Policy in Arizona
Authors: Smith Zachary A.
Published: January 2024

This completely revised third edition of Smith's classic text on Arizona politics and public policy brings its examination up to date through the most recent election cycle. Intended for courses on state and local politics and policy, the text provides an introduction to and analysis of the political process in the State of Arizona and the policies that process has produced. The new edition includes contributions from experts on Arizona law, politics, criminal justice, and sociology, and retains the first edition's two-pronged analysis of Arizona's political institutions (the courts, legislature, governor's office, etc.) and the current policy issues facing the state (the environment, water, health care, immigration, and land use, among others). The complete text for courses in public policy and politics.
Politics of the Dispossessed
Authors: Emadi Hafizullah
Published: January 2024

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of state-society development in the most volatile region of the world. In the Middle East,various anti-systemic movement and radical Islam often clashed and resisted the political, cultural, economic, and military domination of the region by the world's major imperial powers. Emadi investigates state, revolution, and development in the Middle Eastern states of Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, and Syria in the immediate post-World War II period. Maintaining that the state is an instrument of class domination, exhibiting a certain degree of autonomy in the creation and design of domestic development programs, he details the role of class in an attempt to provide a better understanding of the diverse factors at work.

Politics of the Dispossessed provides an alternative analysis of development in regional politics and its context in world politics, aspects that are generally neglected by most mainstream studies. It examines state formation, internal development strategies, and how class conflict and ideology led to class alliance on an international basis, as well as the external interference in the internal affairs of these societies. It also explores the process of political and ethnic integration of the Middle East into the global economic system and the resulting counter-strategies of the nationalist and Islamic resistance to the increasing superpower domination of the international system.
Pop Goes the Decade
Authors: Hall Richard A.
Published: January 2024

Part of the Pop Goes the Decade series, this book looks at one of the most memorable decades of the 20th century, highlighting pop culture areas such as film, television, sports, technology, advertising, fashion, and art.

All in the Family. Barry Manilow, Donna Summer, and Olivia Newton-John; Styx, Led Zeppelin, and The Jackson Five. Jaws, Rocky, The Exorcist, and The Rocky Horror Picture Show. Pop Goes the Decade: The Seventies takes a sweeping look at all of the cultural events and developments that made the 1970s a highly memorable era of change and new thinking.

This book explores the cultural and social framework of the 1970s, focusing on pop culture areas that include film, television, sports, technological innovations, clothing, and art. A timeline highlights significant cultural moments, and a ""controversies in pop culture"" section explores the pop culture items and moments of the 1970s that shocked the public and challenged underlying social mores. The book also includes a ""Game Changers"" section that identifies the public figures and celebrities who had the largest influence during the decade, a technology section that explains how media, news, and culture were shared, and a ""Legacy"" section that identifies concepts and events from the 1970s that still affect Americans today.
Popular Justice and Community Regeneration
Authors: Hazlehurst Kayleen M.
Published: January 2024

Formal justice systems have not served the human rights of native and aboriginal groups well and have led to growing natural and international pressure for equal treatment and increased political and legal autonomy. Indigenous activities in areas of community healing have created a fervor of interest as native peoples have shared experiences with programs that reduce addiction, family violence, child abuse, and sociocultural disintegration of traditional communities. Through ethnographic and indigenous contributions this volume penetrates the psychosocial aspects of the indigenous movement in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. It analyzes community-based reforms and shows how years of experience in adversity, peacemaking, and community preservation have equipped native peoples with skills they now wish to share for spiritual world healing.
Positive Classroom Management Skills for School Librarians
Authors: Bishop Kay , Cahall Jenny
Published: January 2024

Some students are more “challenging” than most. This book helps school librarians prevent, deal with, and overcome discipline problems they may face when communicating with K�12 students.

Positive Classroom Management Skills for School Librarians is a rich, highly needed collection of strategies and methods for building and maintaining a positive learning environment in the library classroom. Appropriate for both pre-service and practicing school librarians at all grade levels, this book provides suggested techniques and examples of best practices for managing students in a school library. This invaluable information has been obtained from observations of school librarians and from discussions with pre-service students, and based upon coauthor Kay Bishop’s 20 years of experience as a school librarian in various library settings.

Specific topics covered include establishing positive relationships between students and school librarians; characteristics of students in different grade levels; techniques that librarians can use for effectively managing students in the school library; ways to relate with diverse students, including students with special needs; managing students as they utilize technology in library settings; and designing a school library environment to avoid potential discipline problems.
ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: A REVIEW OF INNOVATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Authors: Zamathula Queen Sikhakhane Nwokediegwu  , Valentine Ikenna Ilojianya  , Kenneth Ifeanyi Ibekwe  , Adedayo Adefemi  , Emmanuel Augustine Etukudoh  , Aniekan Akpan Umoh
Published: January 2024

The field of sustainable construction has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of advanced materials that not only enhance structural performance but also contribute significantly to environmental conservation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of innovations in advanced materials for sustainable construction, elucidating their environmental benefits. In recent years, researchers and industry professionals have focused on developing materials that reduce the environmental impact of construction activities. This review explores a myriad of advanced materials, including but not limited to high-performance concrete, green composites, and recycled polymers. High-performance concrete formulations integrate advanced admixtures and supplementary cementitious materials, resulting in structures with superior strength and durability while minimizing resource consumption. Green composites, composed of natural fibers and bio-based resins, have emerged as a sustainable alternative to traditional construction materials. These composites not only exhibit impressive mechanical properties but also possess a reduced carbon footprint, aligning with the principles of eco-friendly construction practices. Additionally, the utilization of recycled polymers derived from post-consumer waste in construction materials represents a significant stride towards circular economy principles, addressing concerns related to plastic pollution. Environmental benefits of these advanced materials are multifold. The reduction in raw material extraction, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions associated with their production contribute to a more sustainable construction industry. Furthermore, the enhanced durability of structures built with these materials leads to extended service life and reduced maintenance requirements, further mitigating the environmental impact over the life cycle. The integration of advanced materials in sustainable construction not only elevates the performance of structures but also aligns with global efforts to minimize the ecological footprint of the built environment. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking insights into the latest innovations and environmental advantages of advanced materials in the realm of sustainable construction.

Keywords: Materials, Sustainable Construction, Innovation, Environmental, Advanced, Review.
Measurement report: Method for evaluating CO2 emissions from a cement plant using atmospheric δ(O2 ∕ N2) and CO2 measurements and its implication for future detection of CO2 capture signals
Authors: Ishidoya Shigeyuki , Tsuboi Kazuhiro , Kondo Hiroaki , Ishijima Kentaro , Aoki Nobuyuki , Matsueda Hidekazu , Saito Kazuyuki
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Continuous observations of atmospheric δ(O2/N2) and CO2 amount fractions have been carried out at Ryori (RYO), Japan, since August 2017. In these observations, the O2 : CO2 exchange ratio (ER, -Δy(O2)Δy(CO2)-1) has frequently been lower than expected from short-term variations in emissions from terrestrial biospheric activities and combustion of liquid, gas, and solid fuels. This finding suggests a substantial effect of CO2 emissions from a cement plant located about 6 km northwest of RYO. To evaluate this effect quantitatively, we simulated CO2 amount fractions in the area around RYO by using a fine-scale atmospheric transport model that incorporated CO2 fluxes from terrestrial biospheric activities, fossil fuel combustion, and cement production. The simulated CO2 amount fractions were converted to O2 amount fractions by using the respective ER values of 1.1, 1.4, and 0 for the terrestrial biospheric activities, fossil fuel combustion, and cement production. Thus obtained O2 and CO2 amount fraction changes were used to derive a simulated ER for comparison with the observed ER. To extract the contribution of CO2 emissions from the cement plant, we used y(CO2∗) as an indicator variable, where y(CO2∗) is a conservative variable for terrestrial biospheric activities and fossil fuel combustion obtained by simultaneous analysis of observed δ(O2/N2) and CO2 amount fractions and simulated ERs. We confirmed that the observed and simulated ER values and also the y(CO2∗) values and simulated CO2 amount fractions due only to cement production were generally consistent. These results suggest that combined measurements of δ(O2/N2) and CO2 amount fractions will be useful for evaluating CO2 capture from flue gas at carbon capture and storage (CCS) plants, which, similar to a cement plant, change CO2 amount fractions without changing O2 values, although CCS plants differ from cement plants in the direction of CO2 exchange with the atmosphere.
Evaluating modelled tropospheric columns of CH4, CO, and O3 in the Arctic using ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements
Authors: Flood Victoria A. , Strong Kimberly , Whaley Cynthia H. , Walker Kaley A. , Blumenstock Thomas , Hannigan James W. , Mellqvist Johan , Notholt Justus , Palm Mathias , Röhling Amelie N. , Arnold Stephen , Beagley Stephen , Chien Rong-You , Christensen Jesper , Deushi Makoto , Dobricic Srdjan , Dong Xinyi , Fu Joshua S. , Gauss Michael , Gong Wanmin , Langner Joakim , Law Kathy S. , Marelle Louis , Onishi Tatsuo , Oshima Naga , Plummer David A. , Pozzoli Luca , Raut Jean-Christophe , Thomas Manu A. , Tsyro Svetlana , Turnock Steven
Published: January 2024

Abstract. This study evaluates tropospheric columns of methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone in the Arctic simulated by 11 models. The Arctic is warming at nearly 4 times the global average rate, and with changing emissions in and near the region, it is important to understand Arctic atmospheric composition and how it is changing. Both measurements and modelling of air pollution in the Arctic are difficult, making model validation with local measurements valuable. Evaluations are performed using data from five high-latitude ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The models were selected as part of the 2021 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) report on short-lived climate forcers. This work augments the model–measurement comparisons presented in that report by including a new data source: column-integrated FTIR measurements, whose spatial and temporal footprint is more representative of the free troposphere than in situ and satellite measurements. Mixing ratios of trace gases are modelled at 3-hourly intervals by CESM, CMAM, DEHM, EMEP MSC-W, GEM-MACH, GEOS-Chem, MATCH, MATCH-SALSA, MRI-ESM2, UKESM1, and WRF-Chem for the years 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015. The comparisons focus on the troposphere (0–7 km partial columns) at Eureka, Canada; Thule, Greenland; Ny Ålesund, Norway; Kiruna, Sweden; and Harestua, Norway. Overall, the models are biased low in the tropospheric column, on average by −9.7 % for CH4, −21 % for CO, and −18 % for O3. Results for CH4 are relatively consistent across the 4 years, whereas CO has a maximum negative bias in the spring and minimum in the summer and O3 has a maximum difference centered around the summer. The average differences for the models are within the FTIR uncertainties for approximately 15 % of the model–location comparisons.
MAGARA: a Multi-Angle Geostationary Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm
Authors: Limbacher James A. , Kahn Ralph A. , Friberg Mariel D. , Lee Jaehwa , Summers Tyler , Zhang Hai
Published: January 2024

Abstract. For over 40 years, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system has provided frequent snapshots of the Western Hemisphere. The advanced baseline imagers (ABIs) on the GOES-16, GOES-17, and GOES-18 platforms are the first GOES-series imagers that meet the precision requirements for high-quality, aerosol-related research. We present MAGARA, a Multi-Angle Geostationary Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm, that leverages multi-angle ABI imagery to exploit the differences in autocorrelation timescales between surface reflectance, aerosol type, and aerosol loading. MAGARA retrieves pixel-level (up to 1 km) aerosol loading and fine-mode fraction at up to the cadence of the measurements (10 min), fine- and coarse-mode aerosol particle properties at a daily cadence, and surface properties by combining the multi-angle radiances with robust surface characterization inherent to temporally tiled algorithms. We present three case studies, and because GOES-17 was not making observations for one case, we present this as a unique demonstration of the multi-angle algorithm using only a single ABI sensor. We also compare MAGARA retrievals of fine-mode (FM) aerosol optical depth (AOD), coarse-mode (CM) AOD, and single-scattering albedo (SSA) statistically, with coincident AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) and inversion retrievals for the same period, and against bias-corrected NOAA GOES-16 and GOES-17 retrieved 550 nm AOD. For MAGARA vs. coincident AERONET over-land 500 nm fine-mode fraction and AOD>0.3, MAE=0.031, RMSE=0.100, and r=0.902, indicating good sensitivity to fine-mode fraction over land, especially for smoky regions. For bias-corrected MAGARA vs. coincident AERONET spectral single-scattering albedo with MAGARA AOD>0.5 (n=116), MAE=0.010, RMSE=0.015, and the correlation is 0.87. MAGARA performs best in regions where surface reflectance varies over long timescales with minimal clouds. This represents a large portion of the western half of the United States, much of north-central Africa and the Middle East, some of central Asia, and much of Australia. For these regions, aerosol type and aerosol loading on timescales as short as 10 min could allow for novel research into aerosol–cloud interactions, improvements to air-quality modeling and forecasting, and tighter constraints on direct aerosol radiative forcing.
Tropical dry forest response to nutrient fertilization: a model validation and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Li Shuyue , Waring Bonnie , Powers Jennifer , Medvigy David
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Soil nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), regulate plant growth and hence influence carbon fluxes between the land surface and atmosphere. However, how forests adjust biomass partitioning to leaves, wood, and fine roots in response to N and/or P fertilization remains puzzling. Recent work in tropical forests suggests that trees increase fine root production under P fertilization, but it is unclear whether mechanistic models can reproduce this dynamic. In order to better understand mechanisms governing nutrient effects on plant allocation and improve models, we used the nutrient-enabled ED2 model to simulate a fertilization experiment being conducted in a secondary tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. We evaluated how different allocation parameterizations affected model performance. These parameterizations prescribed a linear relationship between relative allocation to fine roots and soil P concentrations. The slope of the linear relationship was allowed to be positive, negative, or zero. Some parameterizations realistically simulated leaf, wood, and fine root production, and these parameterizations all assumed a positive relationship between relative allocation to fine roots and soil P concentration. Model simulations of a 30-year timeframe indicated strong sensitivity to parameterization and fertilization treatment. Without P fertilization, the simulated aboveground biomass (AGB) accumulation was insensitive to the parameterization. With P fertilization, the model was highly sensitive to the parameterization and the greatest AGB accumulation occurred when relative allocation to fine roots was independent of soil P. Our study demonstrates the need for simultaneous measurements of leaf, wood, and fine root production in nutrient fertilization experiments and for longer-term experiments. Models that do not accurately represent allocation to fine roots may be highly biased in their simulations of AGB, especially on multi-decadal timescales.
Random forests with spatial proxies for environmental modelling: opportunities and pitfalls
Authors: Milà Carles , Ludwig Marvin , Pebesma Edzer , Tonne Cathryn , Meyer Hanna
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Spatial proxies such as coordinates and Euclidean distance fields are often added as predictors in random forest models; however, their suitability in different predictive conditions has not yet been thoroughly assessed. We investigated 1) the conditions under which spatial proxies are suitable, 2) the reasons for such adequacy, and 3) how proxy suitability can be assessed using cross-validation. In a simulation and two case studies, we found that adding spatial proxies improved model performance when both residual spatial autocorrelation, and regularly or randomly-distributed training samples, were present. Otherwise, inclusion of proxies was neutral or counterproductive and resulted in feature extrapolation for clustered samples. Random k-fold cross-validation systematically favoured models with spatial proxies even when not appropriate. As the benefits of spatial proxies are not universal, we recommend using spatial exploratory and validation analyses to determine their suitability, and considering alternative inherently spatial RF-GLS models.
High-resolution (1 km) all-sky net radiation over Europe enabled by the merging of land surface temperature retrievals from geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites
Authors: Rains Dominik , Trigo Isabel , Dutra Emanuel , Ermida Sofia , Ghent Darren , Hulsman Petra , Gómez-Dans Jose , Miralles Diego G.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Surface net radiation (SNR) is a vital input for many land surface and hydrological models. However, most of the current remote sensing datasets of SNR come mostly at coarse resolutions or have large gaps due to cloud cover that hinder their use as input in models. Here, we present a downscaled and continuous daily SNR product across Europe for 2018–2019. Long-wave outgoing radiation is computed from a merged land surface temperature (LST) product in combination with Meteosat Second Generation emissivity data. The merged LST product is based on all-sky LST retrievals from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite and clear-sky LST retrievals from the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) onboard the polar-orbiting Sentinel-3A satellite. This approach makes use of the medium spatial (approx. 5–7 km) but high temporal (30 min) resolution, gap-free data from MSG along with the low temporal (2–3 d) but high spatial (1 km) resolution of the Sentinel-3 LST retrievals. The resulting 1 km and daily LST dataset is based on an hourly merging of both datasets through bias correction and Kalman filter assimilation. Short-wave outgoing radiation is computed from the incoming short-wave radiation from MSG and the downscaled albedo using 1 km PROBA-V data. MSG incoming short-wave and long-wave radiation and the outgoing radiation components at 1 km spatial resolution are used together to compute the final daily SNR dataset in a consistent manner. Validation results indicate an improvement of the mean squared error by ca. 7 % with an increase in spatial detail compared to the original MSG product. The resulting pan-European SNR dataset, as well as the merged LST product, can be used for hydrological modelling and as input to models dedicated to estimating evaporation and surface turbulent heat fluxes and will be regularly updated in the future. The datasets can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8332222 (Rains, 2023a) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8332128 (Rains, 2023b).
Tephra data from varved lakes of the Last Glacial–Interglacial Transition: towards a global inventory and better chronologies on the Varved Sediments Database (VARDA)
Authors: Beckett Anna , Blanchet Cecile , Brauser Alexander , Kearney Rebecca , Martin-Puertas Celia , Matthews Ian , Mittelbach Konstantin , Palmer Adrian , Ramisch Arne , Brauer Achim
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Varved Sediments Database (VARDA) was launched in 2020 and aimed to establish a community database for annually resolved chronological archives with their associated high-resolution proxy records. This resource would support reproducibility through accessible data for the paleoclimate and modelling communities. In this paper, VARDA has been extended by a dataset of European tephra geochemical data and metadata to enable the synchronisation of varve records during the Last Glacial–Interglacial Transition (LGIT; here defined as 25 to 8 ka; Beckett et al., 2022). Geochemical data from 49 known individual tephra layers across 19 lake records have been included, with Lago di Grande Monticchio being the single biggest contributor of geochemical data with 28 tephra layers. The Vedde Ash and Laacher See tephra are the most common layers found in six different records. This highlights the potential of refining the absolute age estimates for these tephra layers using varve chronologies and for synchronising regional paleoclimate archives. This is the first stage in a 5-year plan funded by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Data Stewardship Scholarship to incorporate a global dataset of tephra geochemical data into varve records. Further stages of this project will focus on different regions and timescales. Data collated for this project are available open access at https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2023.015 (Beckett et al., 2022).
Towards understanding the intrinsic variations of the Priestley-Taylor coefficient based on a theoretical derivation
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Yang Hanbo , Li Changming , Wang Taihua
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Priestley-Taylor (PT) coefficient (α) is generally set as a constant value or fitted as an empirical function of environmental variables, and it can bias the evaporation estimation or hydrological projections. This study derives a theoretical equation for α using an atmospheric boundary layer model, which shows that α is a function of air temperature (T) and specific humidity (Q). More importantly, the derived expressions can well estimate the sensitivity of α to T and Q, that is, dα/dT and dα/dQ, compared to water surface observations. α is generally negatively associated with T and Q, and its changes are fundamentally controlled by T and modulated by Q. Based on climate model data, it is shown that the variation of α to T (negative association) is of great importance for long-term hydrological predictions. For practical and broad uses, a lookup graph is also provided to directly find the dα/dT and dα/dQ values. Overall, the derived expression gives a physically clear and straightforward approach to quantify changes in α, which is essential for PT-based hydrological simulation and projections.
Developing a digital twin framework for wind tunnel testing: validation of turbulent inflow and airfoil load applications
Authors: Mishra Rishabh , Guilmineau Emmanuel , Neunaber Ingrid , Braud Caroline
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Wind energy systems, such as horizontal-axis wind turbines and vertical-axis wind turbines, operate within the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer, where turbulence significantly impacts their efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the impact of turbulent inflow on the aerodynamic performance at the rotor blade scale. As field investigations are challenging, in this work, we present a framework where we combine wind tunnel measurements in turbulent flow with a digital twin of the experimental set-up. For this, first, the decay of the turbulent inflow needs to be described and simulated correctly. Here, we use Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations with k−ω turbulence models, where a suitable turbulence length scale is required as an inlet boundary condition. While the integral length scale is often chosen without a theoretical basis, this study derives that the Taylor micro-scale is the correct choice for simulating turbulence generated by a regular grid: the temporal decay of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is shown to depend on the initial value of the Taylor micro-scale by solving the differential equations given by Speziale and Bernard (1992). Further, the spatial decay of TKE and its dependence on the Taylor micro-scale at the inlet boundary are derived. With this theoretical understanding, RANS simulations with k−ω turbulence models are conducted using the Taylor micro-scale and the TKE obtained from grid experiments as the inlet boundary condition. Second, the results are validated with excellent agreement with the TKE evolution downstream of a grid obtained through hot-wire measurements in the wind tunnel. Third, the study further introduces an airfoil in both the experimental and the numerical setting where 3D simulations are performed. A very good match between force coefficients obtained from experiments and the digital twin is found. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the Taylor micro-scale is the appropriate turbulence length scale to be used as the boundary condition and initial condition to simulate the evolution of TKE for regular-grid-generated turbulent flows. Additionally, the digital twin of the wind tunnel can accurately replicate the force coefficients obtained in the physical wind tunnel.
Effectiveness of Establishing Seasonal Medical Centers Designated to Meet the Health Needs of Pilgrims and Umrah Performers (Prince Sultan Armed Forces Hospital Initiative in Medina as a Model)
Authors:   Senior Specialist, Prince Sultan Armed Forces Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia, Sabr Mohammed , Al-Barakati Mohammed ,   Doctor, Prince Sultan Armed Forces Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia, Abdul Aal Omar ,   Doctor, Prince Sultan Armed Forces Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia, Al-Buraidi Ahmed ,   Doctor, Prince Sultan Armed Forces Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia, Al Saadi Ahmed ,   Engineer, Prince Sultan Armed Forces Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia, Sabr Ahmed ,   Senior Specialist, Prince Sultan Armed Forces Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia, Al-Balawi Ali ,   Pharmacist, Prince Sultan Armed Forces Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia, Aljohani Abdullah ,   Pharmacist, Prince Sultan Armed Forces Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia
Published: January 2024

This study aims to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of establishing a dedicated healthcare facility to address the health needs of pilgrims during the pilgrimage seasons. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The qualitative phase involves interviews with healthcare professionals, religious authorities, and pilgrimage organizers to gather insights into the specific healthcare requirements of pilgrims. Additionally, focus group discussions with pilgrims provide valuable perspectives on their healthcare experiences and expectations. Based on the qualitative findings, a comprehensive framework for a Seasonal Medical Center is developed, encompassing key components such as infrastructure, staffing, medical services, logistics, and collaboration with local healthcare providers and authorities. The survey data provides insights into pilgrims' perceptions (6247) of the healthcare services available during their pilgrimage, including accessibility, quality, and satisfaction levels. It also investigates the impact of the proposed Seasonal Medical Center on pilgrims' overall health and well-being, as well as the effectiveness of preventative measures implemented. The research findings highlight the significance of establishing a Seasonal Medical Center, emphasizing the potential benefits of improved healthcare access, enhanced disease surveillance, and timely emergency response. The study also underscores the importance of collaboration between healthcare providers, religious authorities, and local stakeholders to implement and manage the Seasonal Medical Center effectively. The research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering insights into the design and implementation of a dedicated healthcare facility for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. The findings can inform policymakers, healthcare professionals, and pilgrimage organizers in developing strategies to address the unique healthcare challenges associated with these annual pilgrimages.
تـطـويـر نظام تعـلم العروض الرقمي
Authors:   أستاذ مشارك، أكاديمية جوعان بن جاسم للدراسات الدفاعية، الدوحة، قطر, صالح محمد , الأمين طلعت ,   أستاذ مشارك، قسم علوم الحاسوب، جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا، الخرطوم، السودان
Published: January 2024

علم العروض الرقمي هو منهج حديث لتعلم قواعد كتابة الشعر العربي، إبتدعه المفكر خشان محمد خشان ليكون منهج مبسط في فهم أوزان الشعر العربي. يوجد بعض المنتديات على شبكة الإنترنت تقوم بتعليم علم العروض الرقمي ولكن يوجد بها بعض القصور لأن المنتديات تُستخدم أصلاً للتدوين وليس للتعلم، لذلك تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تطوير نظام تعلمي يعمل على الإنترنت لتعلم العروض الرقمي. تم حوسبة مبادئ علم العروض وإستخدامها في التحقق الآلي من صحة حل التمارين، ليتم التحقق بدون الحاجة إلى تدخل بشري مما قد يؤدي إلى تقليل التكلفة الزمنية على المُتعلمين، وتُعتبر هذه الدراسة الأولى من نوعها التي تقوم بهذا الغرض، حيث توجد تطبيقات مشابهة أخرى تقوم بحوسبة مبادئ علم العروض، فتقوم بتحليل النصوص الشعرية وعرض نتائج التحليلات. وقد اعتمد الباحثون في تطوير النظام على النموذج الشلالي، الذي يقوم بتقسيم وتطوير النظام إلى خمس مراحل أساسية هي: المتطلبات – التصميم– التطبيق– الإختبار– الصيانة. توصل البحث إلى تطوير نظام تعلم العروض الرقمي Digital Prosody Learning System (DPLS) الذي يمكن تشغيله على خوادم الإنترنت. تم إنشاء النظام وذلك من خلال تصميم صفحة يتم من خلالها إدخال البيت الشعري المراد معرفة بحره، ومن ثم يقوم النظام بتحليل ذلك البيت إلى مكوناته الأولية من الحركات والسكنات وكشف المكونات اللفظية وأماكن التقطيع الشعري التي تعطي للبيت حسا خاصا، ومن ثم يتم تحديد نوع البحر المنتمي إليه البيت الشعري ودرجة دقة أوزان ذلك البيت مع بحره الشعري. بعد إجراء عدة تجارب استطاع النظام المقترح إجراء عمليات الكتابة العروضية والتقطيع الشعري لعدد كبير من أبيات الشعر العربي القديم والحديث ووصلت دقة النظام إلى 94%.
A Very Large-Scale Integration Global Routing Optimization Model for Hybrid Physarum Bionetworks
Authors: Nath Subhrapratim , Majumdar Rana
Published: January 2024

Interconnection of billion transistors in a single layer of a die with the advent of the nanometer regime imposes a great challenge to handle the increased complexity, particularly in the global routing of the Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) physical design phase which involves distinct optimization in the computation of overall interconnect wire-length. In classical graph theory, the VLSI global routing problem can be mapped as a Rectilinear Steiner Minimal Tree (RSMT) Problem, which in itself is an NP-complete problem. The use of metaheuristics in solving this problem plays a major role where Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) proved to be efficient algorithms. Both algorithms face certain limitations and inconsistencies in determining maximum optimization. A new optimization algorithm with insight from the biological activity of microorganisms has been proposed in this paper which is based on the behavior of the unicellular organism Physarum Polycephalum aiming at minimizing the wire length of VLSI interconnects. The paper further explores a new hybridization technique employing the use of Physarum BioNetwork and Particle Swarm Optimization together where PSO generate better possible Steiner’s in the initial stage for the final process using Physarum BioNetwork to ensure better convergence. Complexity analysis of the proposed algorithm has been performed and the simulation results achieved greater efficiency when compared with the conventional PSO algorithm and available industry benchmark over-optimizing Global Routing problem in VLSI design.
AN INSIGHT INTO ENDOMETRIOSIS: ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF THE PROCESS OF ANGIOGENESISS
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria., Lazarov Nikolai , Saghir Faisal ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological disorders present in females. According to the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity, angiogenesis is an essential prerequisite for the progression of the disease. The purpose is to provide insight and a better understanding of the role that angiogenetic factors play within endometriosis and how this can translate into more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches taken by medical specialists when treating this disease. Materials and methods: We conducted a review of the available scientific literature on PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct, which included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, prospective controlled studies and case reports. Results and Discussion: Our review of the scientific literature showed that the role of angiogenesis upon the development of endometrial ectopic tissue is very significant, and a positive relationship is established with an increase in neo-angiogenesis and a quicker rate of development of ectopic endometrial tissue. We also found data indicating that there are a multitude of angiogenetic and anti-angiogenetic factors functioning in a homeostatic manner to provide an optimal environment for the endometrial tissue to proliferate and for translocation for the implantation of the ectopic tissue within different locations both within the uterine cavity and distant anatomical locations and regions located outside of the uterine cavity. Conclusion: Recently, the research surrounding the process of angiogenesis is positive and positive correlations have been established between the role of angiogenesis and the extent to which the ectopic endometrial tissue proliferates.
Los misterios del reino
Authors:   Universidad de La Sabana, Eslava Euclides
Published: January 2024

En este libro, se procura resaltar “la belleza del amor salvíﬁ co de Dios manifestado en Jesucristo”. Por ese motivo, se espera que sea un medio para que el lector dialogue personalmente con Él, mientras medita sobre su predicación y los ejemplos de su vida pública. En la primera parte, se aborda lo que san Juan Pablo II llamó “la primera cuaresma”, es decir, la preparación del ministerio de Jesucristo. En primer lugar, por parte de san Juan Bautista, con su testimonio y su vida de oración y penitencia, y en segundo lugar, con el retiro de Jesús en el desierto, su bautismo y las tentaciones. En la segunda parte, se meditan las principales predicaciones de Jesús, principalmente el sermón del monte, del cual se consideran las bienaventuranzas, la invitación a vivir la caridad y las enseñanzas sobre la oración, en especial sobre el Padrenuestro. También, nos detenemos en escenas señaladas como el encuentro con la mujer adúltera o la visita a la casa de Marta y María, y en otras virtudes que Jesús recomienda, como la mansedumbre, la serenidad, la humildad, el apostolado y el abandono en las manos de nuestro Padre Dios. Por último, se consideran unos consejos concretos de Jesús, como la acogida de su misericordia, la importancia de la lucha ascética y de la ﬁ delidad a la vocación cristiana.
Angioleiomioma oral mimetizando um granuloma piogênico
Authors: Brandão Ivana De Sousa , Nunes Carlos Eduardo Nogueira , Hélen Imaculada Pereira de Oliveira Denise , de Fátima Lopes Arruda Carneiro Rayssa , Bonifácio da Silva Sampiéri Marcelo , Nobre Chaves Filipe
Published: January 2024

Angioleiomioma (AL) é um tumor benigno de origem perivascular que raramente é observado na cavidade oral, principalmente em localizações como a gengiva. Devido sua apresentação clínica inespecífica, os ALs podem mimetizar outras lesões orais, como tumores benignos de glândulas salivares e lesões reacionais, como o granuloma piogênico. O presente artigo objetiva relatar um caso raro de AL localizado em gengiva, em uma paciente de 19 anos. Clinicamente, a lesão apresentava-se como um tumor assintomático, oval, pedunculado, bem definido, com superfície lisa, consistência fibrosa e cor eritematosa, semelhante a um granuloma piogênico, Uma biópsia excisional foi realizada e o fragmento foi encaminhado para análise histopatológica, que revelou uma proliferação vascular de diversos calibres, contendo paredes musculares espessas e proliferação muscular adjacente, além de infiltrado inflamatório, predominantemente crônico, hemácias extravasadas e área de ulceração, consistente com o diagnóstico de AL inflamado. A histopatologia desempenha um papel importante no diagnóstico final de lesões raras e com características clínicas inespecíficas. A excisão cirúrgica da lesão é o tratamento de escolha mais eficaz para os ALs orais.