bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La incertidumbre de las salas cinematográficas y el crecimiento del streaming ante la pandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Strange Reséndiz Isabel Lincoln
Published: December 2020

Las salas cinematográficas enfrentan una crisis resultado de su cierre como consecuencia de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y de las medidas sanitarias tomadas por diversas naciones. Esta crisis se ve reflejada no solo en las pérdidas económicas sino también en la dinámica de la relación entre el espectador y el filme. En contraparte, las plataformas streaming han aumentado el número de suscriptores y, por lo tanto, sus ganancias. En el presente artículo se estudiarán las implicaciones de no asistencia a las salas y las ventajas que ofrece el streaming a los espectadores durante la pandemia. Para ello se recurrió al punto de vista de teóricos como P. Sorlin, G. Lipovetsky, C. Scolari, U. Eco.
A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH FOR SELECTION OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS) ATTRIBUTES AND COMPARING DIFFERENT CLASSIFIER PERFORMANCE WITH THE HELP OF WEKAAND PYCARET
Authors: Munjal Ashok , Khandia Rekha , Gautam Brijraj
Published: December 2020

For any medical treatment there is a requirement of identification of features those are affecting the clinical condition the most. These are the parameters which decide the line of treatment and decide prognostic values. Process of diagnosis includes various aspects like physical examination through symptoms exhibited for a disease, person’s previous medical history, and various type of medical tests. Diagnosis of a disease is often challenging since there are many nonspecific signs and symptoms and often are common with other ailments too. In present study we applied Advance Machine Learning approach to identify the major attributes those are involved in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) disease progression as well as help medical professional to predict the disease with accuracy and minimal time.
Present work encompasses the use of genetic algorithm a Machine learning approach for selection of major attributes (the sign and symptoms ) for PCOS patients data which affect the disease condition most ,in present study various classifiers have been applied in our dataset and different accuracy parameters also have been used including Confusion matrix , Precision , F1 score and AUC (area under the curve) to select the best classifier which classify the diseased and non diseased patients with high accuracy.
EVALUATION OF THYROID FUNCTION STATUS IN SONOGRAPHICALLY SUGGESTED FATTY LIVER SUBJECTS
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Kumar Rajeev Ranjan , Ravikirti Ravikirti , Jana Debarshi
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The liver metabolizes thyroid hormones and thereby influences the regulation of their systematic endocrine effects. On the other hand, thyroid hormones play an important role in hepatic lipid homeostasis. Several studies addressed the association between thyroid function tests and non alcoholic fatty liver disease. The results of those studies indicate that hypothyroidism might be related to non alcoholic fatty liver disease. The recognized link between hypothyroidism and elements of metabolic syndrome may explain this relation. The present study was performed to evaluate the thyroid function status with the severity of sonographically suggested fatty liver subjects.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at the Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, Bihar. A total number of 155 consecutive patients having sonographically detected fatty liver from the above mentioned hospitals were included in this study and they were divided into three grades depending on the sonographic criteria. Data were analyzed between these three grades in respect of age, sex, BMI, thyroid hormone levels (FT3, FT4 and TSH), fasting lipid profile and serum liver enzyme levels.
Results: 82 (52.9%) patients had grade 1, 50 (32.3%) had grade 2 and 23 (14.8%) had grade 3 fatty liver. The mean age was found 39±10.9 years in Grade 1, 39.5±10.4 years in Grade 2 and 41.4±7.1 years in Grade 3. The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) among three groups. Male to female ratio was almost 2:3 in the whole study subjects. The mean BMI was significantly higher in grade 3 (p<0.05) followed by grade 2 and grade 1. 128 (82.6%) patients were euthyroid, 23 (14.8%) were subclinical hypothyroid and 4 (2.6%) were hypothyroid. In Anova test, the mean FT3 and FT4 were significantly declined (p<0.05) with increased grade but the mean TSH level was significantly increased (p=0.001) with increased grade of fatty liver. The Spearman’s rank correlation test shows that no significant but a negative correlation (r= -0.101; p=0.175) was found between FT3 and fatty liver of the study patients, but a significant negative correlation (r=-0.277; p=0.001) was observed between FT4 and fatty liver of the study patients. On the other hand a significant positive correlation (r=0.325; p=0.001) was observed between TSH and fatty liver of the study patients.
Conclusion: In this study it has been found that thyroid hormone levels are significantly decreased with increasing grades of fatty liver detected by ultrasound. The underlying pathophysiology for this association is still not clear, however several mechanisms have been proposed. So the findings of this study will inspire other researchers to evaluate the thyroid function status with the severity of sonographically suggested fatty liver in larger scale.
Tysiące utraconych zdarzeń. O wystawie prac Marii Bartuszovej w warszawskim MSN
Authors: Pavlova Tatiyana
Published: December 2020

Recenzja wystawy "Formy przejściowe. Maria Bartuszová", Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej w Warszawie, kuratorki: Marta Dziewańska, Gabriela Garlatyová, 26 września 2014 – 6 stycznia 2015.
Многогранность мира человека и культуры
Authors: Миллер Вероника Ивановна
Published: December 2020

Предметом статьи является феномен «культура» в рамках деятельностного подхода. Рассматривая культуру как деятельность и результат этой деятельности, мы выявляем неразрывную связь между культурой и гуманистической теорией и практикой.
О демографических процессах в г. Мегионе в 1980–2010-х гг.
Authors: Цысь Валерий Валентинович
Published: December 2020

В статье рассмотрены демографические процессы (миграция, браки, разводы, рождаемость и смертность) в г. Мегионе на протяжении последних сорока лет. Отмечено наличие резких диспропорций в демографии города, изменений, вызванных происходившими в стране и регионе социально-экономическими и политическими процессами.
Комплаенс – концепция бизнеса в условиях пандемии
Authors: Орлова Марина Гаррьевна
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматриваются возможности применения комплаенс-концепции для бизнеса в условиях пандемии. Приводятся основные антикризисные концепции и стратегии кадровой политики в условиях пандемии 2020. Рассмотрены варианты стратегий управления персоналом в рамках антикризисной концепции комплаенса. Предлагается использовать антикризисную функцию комплаенса в управлении организацией с учетом перехода на обновленную модель бизнеса.
Extraordinary remedies in Polish civil procedure
Authors: Wiśniewski Tadeusz
Published: December 2020

The article’s objective is to present the essence of the system of extraordinary remedies in the Polish civil procedure, as well as a characterization of the particular remedies comprising that system. Application of the dogmatic method has also verified the hypothesis according to which the Polish legislator, in giving those remedies (including extraordinary ones) a normative structure, has in view that their objective is to seek a change in or to set aside the contested ruling. The article accents particularly regulation of the extraordinary grievance, considering its status as novel legislation giving rise to numerous doubts and reservation, as the normative shape of that remedy constitutes a source of collision between two values – the stability if a judicial ruling, and its lawfulness. The emergence of this remedy has led to the conclusion that there is a need to review the existing position of the civil procedure doctrine concerning respect for the principle of exclusivity adopted in our system of remedies.
Key qualities of 19th-century barrack complexes on the example of Legnica’s Grenadier Barracks
Authors: Rudnicka-Bogusz Marta
Published: December 2020

With the construction of Grenadier Barracks in 1874, Legnica joined the prestigious group of 82 Silesian garrison towns that were regularly visited by the highest authorities. Barracks, which were often built according to a typical plan, were characterized by a set of standard features that immediately distinguished them from the surrounding buildings and communicated a set of intangible impressions: prestige, community, strength, etc. Today, these features form a link with intangible heritage and local tradition. For this reason, when demilitarized barrack complexes are redeveloped, priority should be given to preserving the plan and architectural form as these now constitute cultural capital. The present study contains a synthetic description of the evolution of Legnica garrison, a detailed analysis of the Grenadier Barracks, and an introduction to the discussion on their protection through suitable revitalization.
Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263 for infantile colic treatment: an open-label, parallel, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Maldonado-Lobón J.A. , Blanco-Rojo R. , Maldonado J. , Ali M.A. , Almazán M.V. , Suanes-Cabello A. , Callejón E. , Jaldo R. , Benavídes M.R. , Negrillo A.M. , Sañudo A. , Rodríguez C. , Bañuelos O. , Fonollá J. , Olivares M. , _ _
Published: December 2020

Infantile colic is a prevalent condition characterised by excessive crying with no effective treatment available. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263 and a combination of this and Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 versus simethicone in reducing the daily time spent crying in colicky infants. A multicentre randomised, open-label, parallel, controlled trial of 28 days was performed in 150 infants who were diagnosed with colic according to the Rome III criteria and who randomly received simethicone (80 mg/day; Simethicone group), B. breve CECT7263 (2×108 cfu/day, Bb group), or a combination of L. fermentum CECT5716 and B. breve CECT7263 (1×108 cfu/day per strain, Bb+Lf group). The main outcomes were minutes of crying per day and the percentage of reduction in daily crying from baseline. Data were analysed per intention to treat. All treatments significantly decreased the daily crying time at the end of the intervention (P-time <0.001). However, the infants in the Bb group had significantly decreased crying time from the first week of the study (P<0.05), whereas the Bb+Lf group and the simethicone group had significantly decreased crying time from the second week (P<0.05). The percentage of reduction in the minutes of crying from baseline in the Bb group was significantly higher than that in the Simethicone group every week of the intervention (-40.3 vs -27.6% at 1-week; -59.2 vs -43.2% at 2-weeks; -64.5 vs -53.5% at 3-week and -68.5 vs -59.5% at 4-weeks, P<0.05). Additionally, in the Bb group, infants had better night sleep, and parents reported a more positive mood at the end of the intervention. All the products used in the study were safe and well tolerated. In conclusion, the breastmilk-isolated probiotic strain B. breve CECT7263 is a safe and effective treatment for infantile colic, presenting an earlier and more robust effect than the reference prescribed drug, simethicone.
Facing the challenge of discarded fish: improving nutritional quality of two insect species larvae for use as feed and food
Authors: Fabrikov D. , Morote E. , Montes J. , Sánchez-Muros M.J. , Barroso F.G. , Rodríguez-Rodríguez M. , González-Fernández M.J. , Guil-Guerrero J.L.
Published: December 2020

Fishery discards represent 10% of total fishery catches, and insect rearing can be accomplished using this wasted resource. Considering that fish are the main source of n-3 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for human nutrition, and that fish contain both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, this study focused on monitoring the accumulation of such n-3 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in insect larvae. To determine the feasibility of this process, we monitored nutritional changes achieved in two insect larvae – black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus, 1758) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758) – fed using two different fish species from discards, i.e. round sardinella (Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847) and blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo, Brünnich, 1768). Five different diets were prepared: control (broiler feed), 50% discarded fish (round sardinella and blackspot seabream) +50% broiler feed, and 100% discarded fish. The 100% blackspot seabream fedH. illucens accumulated eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid up to 2.4 g /100 g and 0.8 g /100 g, respectively.T. molitor accumulated lower amounts of both n-3 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids due to the low intake of fish-containing feed by the larvae.
Growth performance ofAcheta domesticus andGryllus bimaculatus production reared under improvised cage system for increased returns and food security
Authors: Ngonga C.A. , Gor C.O. , Okuto E.A. , Ayieko M.A.
Published: December 2020

Cricket farming is emerging as a new venture in Kenya poised to help alleviate protein deficiency and improve household living standards. However, competing, limited and unaffordable rearing systems constrain productivity and optimisation of this new enterprise. This study sought to evaluate the growth performance ofAcheta domesticus andGryllus bimaculatus reared in improvised cage system to assess its technical effectiveness. Twenty-day old of both species of crickets were separately reared in improvised and conventional cage systems for comparison purposes. Whereas an improvised cage system is a set of structure devised using locally available materials especially where the standard materials are limited, a conventional cage system is a set of structure made of standard and ordinary materials. The improvised system comprised of bamboo hideouts, clean scrap blankets for drinking and laying, cut bamboo stem as drinking platter and the plywood-based cages while conventional system comprised of egg carton hideouts, cotton-wool for drinking and laying, plastic petri-dishes, and plastic buckets. Each group of crickets (100 live crickets) was daily provided with equal amount of feed and water. Average weekly temperature and relative humidity profiles were recorded using HOBO data loggers. Further, 49 live crickets per treatment were randomly sampled and weighed weekly. Generalised additive model and analysis of variance were adopted to model the data therefrom using R. The cage system had a significant effect on the growth performance of the crickets. The mean weight of the cricket species differed, but not the interaction with the cage system. Similarly, species, temperature and relative humidity also influenced the growth performance. Compared to the conventional system, improvised cage system showed better results in realising high cricket productivity though there was no significant difference in growth performance between the two systems. The focus therefore should be to evaluate the egg productivity in scrap blanket in relation to cotton wool and cost effectiveness in improvised system to inform future farm decisions.
El asedio de Alcalá la Vieja (1118) a través de los proyectiles de piedra: un estudio interdisciplinar
Authors: Ramírez Galán Mario , Montalvo Laguna Rafael
Published: December 2020

El castillo de Alcalá la Vieja (Alcalá de Henares) ha sido objeto en estudio de numerosas investigaciones desde los años 80 pero siempre se había dejado olvidado el asedio que tuvo lugar en 1118. A raíz del descubrimiento de cuatro proyectiles de piedra en 2017, llevamos a cabo distintos trabajos para ampliar el conocimiento sobre este hecho histórico con el objetivo de rellenar ciertos vacíos existentes. Para esta tarea, optamos por llevar a cabo un estudio interdisciplinar, combinando datos arqueológicos e históricos con la aplicación de cálculos físicos y análisis espaciales. La unión de estas distintas ramas de investigación ha servido para solventar una serie de problemas documentales que se venían arrastrando desde hace mucho tiempo, lo cual no habría sido posible con un estudio histórico-arqueológico tradicional.
Gamified Learning: Are Vietnamese EFL Learners Ready Yet?
Authors: Phuong Huyen Thi Thanh
Published: December 2020

Given the strong empirical evidence in the field of education that confirms the relationship between the application of game elements and increased learning motivation, gamification has recently become a concept that starts drawing attention in the field of English language teaching (ELT). However, the topic of gamification is still under-presented in ELT research, especially in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts. The current research ex-plores the extent to which Vietnamese EFL learners are familiar to online gamification tools and their attitudes toward online-based gamified learn-ing. The study draws on data collected from survey questionnaires and fo-cus group interviews. Participants involved 147 students who participated in the survey; 12 volunteers among the surveyed students joined focus group interviews. The findings indicate that gamification has started taking a certain role in English learning both within and beyond classrooms. Also, students’ attitudes towards gamified learning are positive. Pedagogical im-plications regarding the application of gamified learning in improving the efficacy of English education in Vietnam and similar EFL contexts are also discussed.
Academic Performance and Cognitive Load in Mobile Learning
Authors: Zhampeissova Korlan , Gura Alena , Vanina Ekaterina , Egorova Zhanna
Published: December 2020

The study considers the influence of cognitive load on the achievement of educational goals in the concept of mobile learning. It has been proved that the effectiveness of educational programs in a mobile learning environment is achieved by harmonizing cognitive load and structuring the educational content. The experiment was performed in order to identify pedagogical tools to ensure the effective use of the mental resources of students and to reduce their cognitive load when studying educational materials. The experiment was performed within the course of National education as part of the educational programs of Sechenov First Moscow State University (Russia) and Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University (Kazakhstan). Traditional classroom learning was supplemented with electronic educational resources and a mobile learning program developed based on the Storage ISpring Cloud mobile learning platform with a focus on the study of national values of good manners and education. The experimental groups were offered three different approaches to studying the discipline in a mobile learning environment. The observation of the learning process helped us to identify the key aspects of effective educational practice in a mobile learning environment, namely: high-quality educational content; thematic and temporal structuring of the educational process; distribution of cognitive load in the educational course; introduction of tools to encourage student attention; active participation of students in the educational process; synergy of knowledge accumulation and delivery in the learning environment; thematic social interaction of the members of the educational group. The results of the experiment confirmed the constructive influence of pedagogical tools aimed at the reduction of cognitive load of students on the effectiveness of educational programs in a mobile learning strategy.
Collaborative Mobile Learning with Smartphones in Higher Education
Authors: Zhampeissova Korlan , Kosareva Irina , Borisova Uliana
Published: December 2020

The advantages of mobile learning and the possibility of universal access to educational materials have a downside in the form of a possible lack of communication between the student, his/her teachers, and course mates. In this context, collaborative teaching methods can be applied to support learners in solving educational challenges. The objective of this work was to analyze the effectiveness of collaborative approaches in mobile learning. The research methods included two stages: an experiment on the introduction of collaborative mobile learning into the educational process and an online sociological survey. The use of the questionnaire method resulted from the need to collect quantitative data and analyze the effectiveness of training by determining the shares of respondents with positive and negative opinions toward m-learning. The examination was conducted in 2020 among 190 undergraduate sociology students studying at three universities of the Russian Federation (Moscow State Pedagogical University, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, and Tyumen State University), as well as among 76 undergraduate students of the direction "Education" studying at Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University. The main practical result of this experiment was the introduction of mobile technologies in the previously used e-learning models and learning management systems of the considered educational institutions. The collaborative mobile environment was based on the principles of communication and cooperation of users, mutual learning, and teacher coordination of students' actions. The study confirmed that collaborative mobile learning could be flexibly transited from blended to distance learning models and vice versa. The analysis of the survey outcomes proved the validity of eight proposed hypotheses, both in terms of mobile learning impact on the quality of education and the influence of the collaborative environment on the development of students' competencies. The practical significance of research findings is in the fact that they allow the effective implementation of collaborative mobile learning technologies to form students' professional competencies.
Seeing is Believing
Authors: Zinko Robert , de Burgh-Woodman Helene , Furner Zhan Zhang , Kim Soo Jung
Published: December 2020

Images are frequently used in online reviews, yet little research explores the effects that images have on online consumer behavior. This two-study investigation examines the effects of images in electronic word of mouth (eWOM) for both hedonic and utilitarian products. Results show that images affect the relationship between review text and purchase intention as well as trust for both product categories. However, images were shown to be more effective for hedonic than utilitarian products. Interestingly, it was found that congruence between the image and text is not a significant predictor of trust or purchase intention in some conditions (i.e., the images may not have to perfectly reflect the text to facilitate these outcomes for utilitarian products).
JOGOS ELETRÔNICOS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA NO PORTAL DE PERIÓDICOS DA CAPES
Authors: Cruz Geisiele Reijane da , Lima Marcio Roberto de , Nascimento Silvania Sousa do
Published: December 2020

Este artigo consolida uma Revisão Sistemática de Conteúdo (RSC) de artigos cadastrados no portal de periódicos CAPES entre os anos de 2003 e 2019, os quais abordam o uso de jogos eletrônicos na formação inicial de professores. Metodologicamente, a revisão das produções analisadas partiu de um universo de 44 artigos que, após a submissão aos procedimentos de filtro de conteúdo e seleção temática, foi reduzido a seis produções. A RSC sugeriu a necessidade de efetivação de mais experiências pedagógicas utilizando jogos eletrônicos na formação de professores e que, mesmo diante das práticas socioculturais da cibercultura, as iniciativas de formação envolvendo esses games são incipientes e/ou podem estar sendo negligenciadas nas licenciaturas. Tomamos a cibercultura como contexto no qual tecnologias digitais estão imbricadas às práticas quotidianas e educacionais, portanto ela é inerente à ação do sujeito contemporâneo. Por fim, foi identificada uma carência de politicas públicas voltadas para a formação inicial dos professores envolvendo jogos eletrônicos como elementos estruturantes de práticas pedagógicas.
Outcomes and Biomarkers of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Refractory Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: KCSG HN18-12
Authors: Lee Yun-Gyoo , Chang Hyun , Keam Bhumsuk , Chun Sang Hoon , Park Jihyun , Park Keon Uk , Shin Seong Hoon , An Ho Jung , Lee Kyoung Eun , Lee Keun-Wook , Kim Hye Ryun , Kim Sung-Bae , Ahn Myung-Ju , Hwang In Gyu
Published: December 2020

Purpose This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) after platinum-containing chemotherapy. We also identified clinical biomarkers which may be predictive of patient prognosis.Materials and Methods We analyzed 125 patients with R/M HNSCC who received ICIs, retrospectively. Overall response rate (ORR) was the primary study outcome. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the secondary study outcomes.Results The patients received anti–programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) (n=73, 58%), anti–programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (n=24, 19%), or a combination of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 and anti–cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (n=28, 22%). The median age was 57 years (range, 37 to 87). The location of the primary tumor was in the oral cavity in 28% of the cases, followed by oropharynx (27%), hypopharynx (20%), and larynx (12%). The ORR was 15% (19/125). With 12.3 months of median follow-up, median PFS was 2.7 months. Median OS was 10.8 months. A neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 4 was significantly associated with poor response to ICIs (odds ratio, 0.30; p=0.022). A sum of the target lesions > 40 mm (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; p=0.046] and a NLR > 4 (HR, 1.75; p=0.009) were considered to be predictive markers of short PFS. A poor performance status (HR, 4.79; p < 0.001), a sum of target lesions > 40 mm (HR, 1.93; p=0.025), and an NLR > 4 (HR, 3.36; p < 0.001) were the significant predictors for poor survival.Conclusion ICIs exhibited favorable antitumor activity in R/M HNSCC. Clinically, our findings can be used to recognize patients benefit from receiving ICI.
Inauguration of the Tanzania Society of Human Genetics: Biomedical Research in Tanzania with Emphasis on Human Genetics and Genomics
Authors: Alimohamed Mohamed Zahir , Mwakilili Aneth David , Mbwanji Kenneth , Manji Zainab Karim , Kaywanga Frida , Mwaikono Kilaza Samson , Adolf Ismael , Makani Julie , Hamel Ben , Masimirembwa Collen , Ishengoma Deus Simon , Nkya Siana
Published: December 2020

Human genetics research and applications are rapidly growing areas in health innovations and services. African populations are reported to be highly diverse and carry the greatest number of variants per genome. Exploring these variants is key to realize the genomic medicine initiative. However, African populations are grossly underrepresented in various genomic databases, which has alerted scientists to address this issue with urgency. In Tanzania, human genetics research and services are conducted in different institutions on both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, there is poor coordination of the research activities, often leading to limited application of the research findings and poor utilization of available resources. In addition, contributions from Tanzanian human genetics research and services are not fully communicated to the government, national, and international communities. To address this scientific gap, the Tanzania Society of Human Genetics (TSHG) has been formed to bring together all stakeholders of human genetics activities in Tanzania and to formally bring Tanzania as a member to the African Society of Human Genetics. This article describes the inauguration event of the TSHG, which took place in November 2019. It provides a justification for its establishment and discusses presentations from invited speakers who took part in the inauguration of the TSHG.
How big are labour productivity disparities in Poland
Authors: Ciżkowicz Piotr , Łaszek Aleksander , Rzońca Andrzej
Published: December 2020

The ongoing discussion on inequalities in Poland focuses on household income. It ignores the scale of differences in labour productivity. In order to fill this gap, having combined national accounts and employment data we show that a narrow group of 7.2 million people working in non-financial and financial enterprises account for almost 60% of Polish GDP and 75% of income tax revenues and social security contributions from the private sector. This structure of the economy represents both an opportunity and a threat to growth prospects. Flows of new employees to the enterprise sector from micro-businesses of low productivity or agriculture can considerably increase their productivity. At the same time, however, large differences in productivity, leading to income disparities, create the temptation to tax productive entities more heavily in order to finance transfers to less productive ones, which in turn perpetuates the current structure of the economy.
Wildfire against the survival of Xenarthra: anteaters, armadillos, and sloths
Authors: Silva Sofia Marques , Santos Paloma Marques , Molina Karina Theodoro , Lopes Alexandre Martins Costa , Braga Fernanda Góss , Ohana Abílio , Miranda Flávia R. , Bertassoni Alessandra
Published: December 2020

During 2019 and 2020, Amazon and Pantanal wildfires were news all over the world, followed by shocking images of burnt landscapes and animals. Fires within rainforests and wetlands are seldom related to natural causes. Instead, these are human-driven events, often caused by illegal actions associated with deforestation and land conversion to sustain intensive agriculture and farming, among other impacts. The loss of native vegetation, not only causes habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation, but also increases the risk of natural fires creating a vicious circle. Among the animals mostly threatened by fire are the xenarthrans. Here, we bring attention to this group of mammals, which have several biological adaptations that make them particularly vulnerable to fire events. We present sloths, armadillos and anteaters as valuable componentsof biodiversity, being relicts of a vast diversity of South American endemics, and comprising many endangered, unique and poorly known species. Last, we conclude that 2019/2020 fires in the Amazon forest and Pantanal wetland, added to a multitude of other threats, are seriously menacing regional diversity components of these emblematic mammals.
La sobrerrepresentación de menores extranjeros en los centros de internamiento
Authors: Ruiz Cabello Úrsula , López-Riba José María
Published: December 2020

La sobrerrepresentación de los jóvenes extranjeros en los centros de internamiento para menores infractores es un hecho constatado por la literatura criminológica. Se pueden esgrimir diferentes argumentos para explicar dicho fenómeno. El presente artículo tiene por objeto contrastar diferentes hipótesis explicativas de esta sobrerrepresentación. Dividiendo estas hipótesis en aquellas fundamentadas en el comportamiento delictivo de los menores extranjeros y las que ponen su foco en la actividad del sistema penal. Para testar estas hipótesis, se utilizan datos oficiales de detenciones policiales y condenas en España, así como datos secundarios obtenidos de investigaciones previas. El estudio y contraste de dichos datos permite afirmar que el comportamiento delictivo de los menores extranjeros es un elemento insuficiente para explicar su sobrerrepresentación en los centros de internamiento. Este hecho sugiere que la actividad selectiva del sistema penal sobre estos menores toma un papel relevante a la hora de entender las tasas de internamiento.
Kırgız Türkçesinde Ölüm Kelimesi ile İlgili Kavram Alanı
Authors: Saliev Meder
Published: December 2020

Ölüm, her toplum arasında farklı şekilde yorumlana gelmiştir. Kimi toplumlar ölümü bir bitiş olarak değerlendirirken kimileri başlangıç olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Türkler ise kadimden beri ölüm kelimesini kullanagelmişler ve ölümün gerçekleşmesi ile yeni bir hayatın başlanacağına inanmışlardır. Ölüm, yeni hayatın başlangıcı olarak sayılsa da insanlar arasında bir korku uyandırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ölüm konusu her toplumda önemi yere sahiptir.
Kırgızlarda ölümle ilgili geleneklerin ve uygulamaların ölüm öncesinden başlayıp ölünün üzerinden bir yıl geçtikten sonra yapılan aşına kadar yoğun bir şekilde devam ettiğini görmekteyiz. Bu uygulamaların yoğunluğundan dolayı Kırgızlar arasında ölümle ilgili zengin ve değişik kavramları, örtmecelerin ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu yazıda Kırgız Türkçesi üzerine hazırlanmış olan sözlüklerin taranmasıyla elde edilen ölümle ilgili kelime, kelime grupları, deyimler ve atasözleri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilmiş olan bu kavramlar ölüm öncesi ve ölüm sonrası yapılan uygulamalara ve ölümünçeşitlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Tespit edilmiş olan kavramlardan yola çıkarak Kırgızların ölüme ilgili muamelesi, ölümü algılayışları ve ölümle ilgili gelenekleri yapılan sınıflandırılmaya göre değerlendirilip açıklanacaktır. Tespit edilen kavramlar ölüm, ölü, ölmek, mezar, öbür dünya, defin, başsağlığı, yas, beddualar, cenaze aşları ve başka uygulamalarla ilgili kelimeler ve örtmecelerden oluşmaktadır.
Eski Türkçeden Çağdaş Uygurcaya /I/ Ünlüsü Üzerine
Authors: Gulcalı Zemire
Published: December 2020

Eski Türkçeden özellikle de Eski Uygurcadan gelen birçok söz ve ibareyi günümüze kadar taşıyan Çağdaş Uygurca, içinde barındırdığı koruyucu özellikleri; ses, biçim ve anlam yönündeki bazı değişiklikleri ile Türk dilinin tarihî dönemlerdeki özelliklerinin araştırılmasında çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Çağdaş Uygurca kendinden önceki dönemlerle karşılaştırıldığında ortaya çıkan farklar ses, biçim ve anlam değişmeleri yönünden incelenir. Ses değişmeleri de kendi içinde ünlü değişmeleri ve ünsüz değişmeleri olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır. Eski Türkçeden Çağdaş Uygurcaya anlamını koruyan ancak ünlü değişmesi görülen sözcükler haylı çoktur. Genel Türkçedeki dokuz ünlü Çağdaş Uygurcanın yazı dilinde sekiz harf ile gösterilir. Bu ünlülerin her biri (Eski Türkçeye göre) farklı düzeyde değişimler sergiler, örneğin: Söz başındaki veya ilk hecedeki /A/ ünlüsünün Çağdaş Uygurcada kapalı é sesine dönüşmesi (ayı < éyıq; taŋırqa- > téŋırqa-); yuvarlaklaşmalar (aruq > oruq; tanu- > tonu-; teşük > töşük); düzleşmeler (beküt- > békit-; tilkü > tülke; onunç > oninçi; süzgü > süzge); -AGU > Ay (buzağu > mozay; bilegü > biley); -ev- > -öy- (sev- > söy; evlen-> öylen-) vb. Bu yazımda, Eski Türkçedeki I ünlüsünün Çağdaş Uygurcadaki değişim durumu üzerinde duracağım.
Uyghurlardiki Muqeddes Sanlargha Munasiwetlik Adetler Heqqide İzdinish
Authors: Iqbal Mutellip
Published: December 2020

Uygurlar, yaşamın her alanında kutsal sayı kavramına sahiptir ve bu kutsal sayılar, bazı kültürel geleneklerin ortaya çıkmasına ve devam etmesine yol açmıştır. Bu yüzden Uygur örf adetlerini araştırıken kutsal sayıları ihmal etmemek gerekmektedir. Kutsal sayı düşüncesi Uygur külürün her alanında bulunmaktadır. Kutsal sayılarla ilgili inanç ve gelenekler, ölümle ilgili törenler-ölünün üç günlüğü, yedi günlüğü, kırklığı ve yılın devri gibi anma ve yas tutma faaliyetlerinde daha yaygındır. Uygur geleneklerine baktığımızda ölünün üç, yedi, yirmi, kırık ve yıl dönümlerinde yapılan yas tutma ve yemek ikramlar faaliyetlerinin son zamanlara kadar devam ettiğini öğrenmekteyiz. Bu makale, Uygurlar arasındaki üç, yedi, yirmi ve kırk sayılarının neden kutsal sayılar olduğunu analiz etmiştir. Bu kutsal sayılarnı ortaya çıkışı ve merasim olarak Uygur kültürün parçası olma nedenleri tartışılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, kutsal sayıların tarihsel kökenlerini keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makalede yine kutsal sayıların gelişiminde önemli rol oyanyan kültürel unsurlara yer verilmiştir. Dolayısıyla Uygurlar tarihten buyana kadar ınanmış olduğu çeşitli dinlardaki kutsal sayı düşüncesi kısaca ortaya konulmuştur. Şamanizm gibi dini inançların Uygur yaşamlarında kutsal sayılar kavramının oluşmasında büyük etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Introduction: WIR at 30 Topic Forum and AIB Presidential Recognition Award
Authors: Clegg Jeremy
Published: December 2020

In this article I introduce AIB Insights’ topic forum on the World Investment Report at 30 and the special award session at the Academy of International Business 2020 Annual Meeting that inspired these ensuing articles.
Multinational enterprises and limits to international growth
Authors: Hendriks Guus
Published: December 2020

My doctoral research addresses the limits to international growth that multinational enterprises (MNEs) face, with a particular focus on the role of the home country within a portfolio of international activities. The importance of that market, in combination with several types of home-country uncertainties, may limit the attention devoted by MNE managers to internationalization, evidenced by lower added cultural distance. Similarly, the net growth of an MNE’s country portfolio may be limited by cultural and economic diversity within that portfolio, but it also hinges on how well the MNE is performing relative to its aspirations. In an emerging market context, an ‘upgrading paradox’ seems to apply, as firms face important recombination barriers to growth.
Nonmarket Strategies across Complex Institutional Contexts
Authors: Klopf Patricia
Published: December 2020

Managers face nonmarket pressures that increasingly challenge the way they run their firms. These challenges often require managers to get savvy in nonmarket strategy. While nonmarket strategy can be relevant for all firms, it is particularly relevant for multinational enterprise subsidiaries, because they operate in countries that differ from their multinational enterprise’s home country and are thus subject to the liability of foreignness. In my dissertation research, I was aiming to better understand the incentives and drivers behind firms’ nonmarket strategies.
MALNUTRITION-CHALLENGE IN 21ST CENTURY AND PROBABLE CONTRIBUTION OF AYURVEDA THROUGH MORINGA LEAVES
Authors: Thakur Shalini  , Guleria Ashish  , Shukla Umesh
Published: December 2020

Nutritive diet has grabbed the center stage in current times among common men as well as researchers &food has turned into a whole damn industry. Despite of everything, Malnutrition is the largest single contributor to diseases in the world & leads to 45% of all deaths in children under 5 in developing countries. Due to interrelated mother- child nutrition, if a breastfeeding mother gets required nutrition, her kid becomes healthy. The causes of improper nutrition are variable but lack of nutritious food combinations in all classes are most important throughout the world.

Ayurveda is science of individualistic need based dietetics & nutrition and describes foods accordingly. There is recommendation of a super food named Shigru (Moringa) for Sutika (lactating mothers) in Bheshajyaratnawali,taking this as reference we have conceptualized a food combination of Moringa +wheat flour+ jaggery which is super nutritious and serves as a cheap, affordable, easy to collect and easy to make, palatable preparation.

When 11% of the world’s population is under nourished, need for such right food combination increases manifolds. Owing to per 100g nutritive value of these contents and their cost effectiveness, this combination has a potential to be a perfect staple dietary option for nutrition deficit individuals. It needs to be further established at large scale through RCTs so that large population can be benefitted.
Functional Approach to Audio Description
Authors: Mazur Iwona
Published: December 2020

The article discusses a functional approach to audio description (AD) and first proposes a classification of text types, followed by a model of source text (ST) analysis which encompasses three layers: the contextual, the macrotextual and the microtextual. The functional model helps identify the functional priorities in a given ST, which may then guide the audio describer’s decision-making process: the results of contextual and macrotextual analyses will assist the describer in the selection of the so-called macro strategy, while the microtextual analysis may help in making lower-level decisions called micro strategies. Although the model has been designed primarily for didactic purposes, its principles may also be useful for more experienced describers. Additionally, the model constitutes a theoretical conceptualisation of AD and attempts to better integrate AD within the field of translation studies.
A review of Open Source Software and Open Source Movement in Developing Countries
Authors: Kandar Shyamalendu , Mondal Sourav , Ray Palash
Published: December 2020

Open-source software abbreviated as OSS is computer software that is available with source code and is provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. For the commercial software the source code and certain other rights are normally reserved for copyright holders,i.e. the company who developes the software. A group of people in a collaborative manner often developes the Open source software, not under the roof of a large organization. This strategy makes open source software cheap, reliable and modifiable if needed. In this context we shall discuss mainly the features of Open Source Software, differences of open source and free software and open source software movement in Indian perspective.
Unsupervised Palm Vein Image Segmentation
Authors: Safronova Ekaterina , Pavelyeva Elena
Published: December 2020

In this article the new hybrid algorithm for palm vein image segmentation using convolutional neural network and principal curvatures is proposed. After palm vein image preprocessing vein structure is detected using unsupervised learning approach based on W-Net architecture, that ties together into a single autoencoder two fully convolutional neural network architectures, each simi-lar to the U-Net. Then segmentation results are improved using principal cur-vatures technique. Some vein points with highest maximum principal curva-ture values are selected, and the other vein points are found by moving from starting points along the direction of minimum principal curvature. To obtain the final vein image segmentation the result of intersection of the principal curvatures-based and neural network-based segmentations is taken. The evaluation of the proposed unsupervised image segmentation method based on palm vein recognition results using multilobe differential filters is given. Test results using CASIA multi-spectral palmprint image database show the effectiveness of the proposed segmentation approach.
Penggunaan Bosoon dan Herba bagi Merawat Sakit Perut dalam Masyarakat Bajau Samaâ€™ di Daerah Tuaran, Sabah ~ The Use of Bosoon and Herbs for Treating Stomach Ache in the Bajau Samaâ€™ Community of the Tuaran District, Sabah
Authors: KIBONG SABRAN BIN , AMAT ASMIATY , ABD SAMAD LOKMAN
Published: December 2020

Etnik Bajau Samaâ€™ yang ramai tinggal di bahagian pantai barat Sabah khususnya di daerah Tuaran memiliki kaedah perubatan tradisional yang diwarisi dari generasi ke generasi. Kajian lapangan dilakukan di tiga lokasi daerah Tuaran, iaitu Kampung Sungai Damit, Kampung Suang Perumahan, Mengkabong dan Kampung Tembilok, Mengkabong. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tatacara perubatan tradisi etnik Bajau Samaâ€™ dengan menumpukan kepada bosoon atau mantera dan penggunaan herba dalam merawat sakit perut. Kedua, makalah bertujuan untuk meninjau sama ada amalan tradisi ini dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat Bajau di dalam kampung yang berbeza atau tidak berdasarkan jenis penyakit yang dihidapi pesakit. Konsep folk medicine atau folk belief digunakan sebagai kerangka konsep untuk melihat tatacara dan kaedah perubatan tradisi etnik ini. Amalan perubatan ini hanya dilakukan oleh golongan tua kerana sebahagian besar generasi muda tidak tahu tentang amalan tradisi ini. Oleh itu, kajian ini secara tidak langsung memaparkan kepakaran etnik Bajau Samaâ€™ dalam amalan perubatan tradisi dan membuktikan kearifan tempatan etnik peribumi Sabah serta menjadi tatapan umum masyarakat akan datang.The Bajau Samaâ€™ ethnic, who lives along the West Coast of Sabah especially in Tuaran district, inherits the traditional medicinal practice from generation to generation. Field research was conducted in three different locations in Tuaran district, which are Kampung Sungai Damit Tuaran, Kampung Suang Perumahan, Mengkabong and Kampung Tembilok,Â Mengkabong. This paper aims to examine the traditional medicine of the Bajau Samaâ€™ by focusing on the bosoon or mantra and the usage of herbs in treating stomach ache. Secondly, it observes whether the traditional practice is influenced by the Bajau community in different regions based on the patientâ€™s illness. The folk medicine or folk belief concept is used as the conceptual framework to observe the procedures and methods of the traditional medicinal practices of the ethnic. The traditional medicinal practice is only done by the older generation as the young generation is not exposed to such practice. Therefore, this research shows the expertise of the Bajau Samaâ€™ ethnic in traditional medicinal practice and proves the capability of the local wisdom of Sabahâ€™s indigenous ethnic. This paper also serves as a reference for the future generations.
Fotografia Tátil: Desenvolvimento de modelos táteis a partir de fotografias com a utilização de impressora 3d
Authors: Xenofonte Araujo Manoel Deisson , Dos Santos Deborah Macêdo
Published: December 2020

As discussões a respeito da acessibilidade para os deficientes visuais têm cada vez mais focado em formas de inclusão nas esferas culturais.  Essas questões tornam-se mais delicadas quando tem-se a percepção de que a linguagem visual ainda é a forma de comunicação predominante nas estratégias de comunicação de exposições de pinturas ou fotografias. Dessa maneira, pretende-se com o presente trabalho desenvolver modelos táteis a partir de fotografias de cunho artístico para facilitar a acessibilidade dos deficientes visuais a este campo. Para tanto utilizamos de trabalhos da fotógrafa cearense e deficiente visual Jaquelina Rolim, as quais foram reproduzidas em software de modelagem tridimensional e posteriormente impressas em impressora 3d.
Não há cidadania sem informação, nem informação sem design
Authors: Redig Joaquim
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo procuramos inicialmente chamar a ateno para a importncia da criao da SBDI para o processo de desenvolvimento do Design no Brasil, identificando os agentes e antecedentes locais e nacionais desse processo. A partir da o artigo concentra-se em analisar os componentes constitutivos do Design de Informao - foco no receptor, analogia, clareza, conciso, nfase, coloquialidade, oportunidade, estabilidade, entre outros - e em observar como eles participam do processo de comunicao, nessa rea do Design. Atravs de exemplos detectados no uso cotidiano da informao pblica em nosso contexto, buscamos verificar como a presena ou a ausncia desses componentes contribuem para o fortalecimento ou para o enfraquecimento da noo de cidadania. [ Download ]