bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic cavitation near a tissue layer
Authors: Curtiss G. A. , Leppinen D. M. , Wang Q. X. , Blake J. R.
Published: July 2013

In this paper we examine the dynamics of an initially stable bubble due to ultrasonic forcing by an acoustic wave. A tissue layer is modelled as a density interface acted upon by surface tension to mimic membrane effects. The effect of a rigid backing to the thin tissue layer is investigated. We are interested in ultrasound contrast agent type bubbles which have immediate biomedical applications such as the delivery of drugs and the instigation of sonoporation. We use the axisymmetric boundary integral technique detailed in Curtiss et al. (J. Comput. Phys., 2013, submitted) to model the interaction between a single bubble and the tissue layer. We have identified a new peeling mechanism whereby the re-expansion of a toroidal bubble can peel away tissue from a rigid backing. We explore the problem over a large range of parameters including tissue layer depth, interfacial tension and ultrasonic forcing.
Three-dimensionality in the wake of a rapidly rotating cylinder in uniform flow
Authors: Rao A. , Leontini J. S. , Thompson M. C. , Hourigan K.
Published: July 2013

The flow around an isolated cylinder spinning at high rotation rates in free stream is investigated. The existence of two steady two-dimensional states is confirmed, as is the existence of a secondary mode of vortex shedding. The stability of the two steady states to three-dimensional perturbations is established using linear stability analysis. At lower rotation rates on the first steady state, two three-dimensional modes are confirmed, and their structure and curves of marginal stability as a function of rotation rate and Reynolds number are determined. One mode (named mode $E$) appears consistent with a hyperbolic instability in the wake, while the second (named mode $F$) appears to be a centrifugal instability of the flow very close to the cylinder surface. At higher rotation rates on the second steady state, a single three-dimensional mode due to centrifugal instability (named mode ${F}^{\prime } $) is found. This mode becomes increasingly difficult to excite as the rotation rate is increased.
ALGERIAN NATIONALISM, ZIONISM, AND FRENCH LAÏCITÉ: A HISTORY OF ETHNORELIGIOUS NATIONALISMS AND DECOLONIZATION
Authors: Shepard Todd
Published: July 2013

The Algerian war resituated the meaning of “Muslims” and “Jews” in France in relation to religion and “origins” and this process reshaped French secular nationhood, with Algerian independence in mid-1962 crystallizing a complex and shifting debate that took shape in the interwar period and blossomed between 1945 and 1962. In its failed efforts to keep all Algerians French, the French government responded to both Algerian nationalism and, as is less known, Zionism, and did so with policies that took seriously, rather than rejected, the so-called ethnoreligious arguments that they embraced—and that, according to existing scholarship, have always been anathema to French laïcité. Most scholars on France continue to presume that its history is national or wholly “European.” Yet paying attention to this transnational confrontation, driven by claims from Algeria and Israel, emphasizes the crucial roles of North African and Mediterranean developments in the making of contemporary France.
“BUY LOCAL” OR “BUY JEWISH”? SEPARATIST CONSUMPTION IN INTERWAR PALESTINE
Authors: Shoham Hizky
Published: July 2013

The article explores the Zionist cultural economy in interwar Palestine, by studying the emergence of the field of consumption as an arena for political struggles among Jews and between Jews and Arabs. The Jewish nationalist movement employed dominant contemporary assumptions about economic nationalism in attempts to politicize the economy of British Palestine, including through campaigns advocating ethnonational separatism in consumption. Unlike other “buy local” movements around the world, these were not directed solely against imports; rather, they were often “buy Jewish” campaigns waged against the consumption of commodities produced by the rival ethnonational sector in Palestine. Using a variety of archival and media sources, the article tracks the development of Jewish separatist consumption campaigns in interwar Palestine, uncovering a gradual amplification of their ethnonational emphasis that paralleled the escalation of the Arab–Jewish conflict. The cultural mechanisms used to attribute ethnic qualities to objects and define them as either “Jewish” or “foreign” are analyzed with particular attention to the conceptual contradictions in the definitions of a Jewish product, which were shaped by economic conflicts and the diverse political conceptions of Jewish identity. The study of separatist consumption sheds new light on the “dual society” thesis, revealing the deep grip of separatist approaches across multiple layers of the Jewish middle class in the Yishuv.
Transition, Flow, and Divergent Times
Authors: Shalem Avinoam
Published: July 2013

The Western academy's growing interest in the contemporary arts in the Arab world illustrates the desire to map “Islam”—problematic as this term is—within the global history of cultures and to integrate it into “Western” models of the writing and documenting of the past. As positive and corrective as these academic approaches may seem, the notion of recording time—that is, writing history—is still firmly bound at the beginning of the 21st century to the idea of continuity, and the pattern of “Western”-centric thinking imposes that notion upon contemporary artists and art historians. Yet the political changes and spontaneous eruptions that the Middle East and North Africa are experiencing, especially since the beginning of 2011, defy and resist conventional interpretations of historical processes and therefore demand a rethinking of the configuration of the past.
Risk of contamination of lidocaine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride topical solution:in vivoandin vitroanalyses
Authors: Jog M , Sachidananda R , Saeed K
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To investigate the risk of contamination of lidocaine hydrochloride 5 per cent weight/volume and phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.5 per cent weight/volume topical solution, both in patients (in vivo) and in the laboratory setting (in vitro).

Methods:

This paper reports a prospective study involving 10 samples of the lidocaine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride topical anaesthetic spray. The samples were assessed for microbiological contamination after a single use on patients in a controlled laboratory environment. Additional samples were assessed for baseline contamination and later assessed for contamination in anin vitrosetting.

Results:

In thein vivosetting, 2 of the 10 samples were positive for cultures from both the pump and the bottles. However, in thein vitrosetting, the pump and the contents of the bottles were contaminated after a single use when the sterile solution was sprayed from distances of 1 and 2 cm.

Conclusion:

The lidocaine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride topical solution assembly was contaminated in bothin vivoandin vitrosettings after a single use.
A Description of Embadomonas n.spp. from Blatta orientalis, Rana temporaria, Bufo vulgaris, Salamandra maculosa; with a Note upon the “Cyst” of Trichomonas batrachorum
Authors: Bishop Ann
Published: July 2013

1. Embadomonas blattae a new species from the hind gut of Blatta orientalis is described. The flagellate measures 6–9 μ × 5–7 μ and the cysts 5–6 μ × 4–5 μ.

2. An Embadomonas from Rana temporaria, Bufo vulgaris, and Salamandra maculosa has been cultivated and described. I propose to call it E. dobelli. It differs from other known species of this flagellate in shape, and in absence of a definite karyosome. The flagella and their basal granules are duplicated first at division, and a centrodesmose is formed between one of each pair of basal granules. The cytostome disappears and new ones are reorganised after nuclear division is completed. Definite chromosomes were never seen. Double individuals and occasionally individuals with three nuclei were seen.

3. Cysts of E. dobelli were obtained in culture. They are uninucleate. A karyosome is formed; the peripheral chromatin of the nucleus stains intensely and becomes elongated. The lip of the cytostome can often be distinguished, and sometimes the glagella. These cysts are the same as those described originally by Dobell as cysts of Eutrichomastix batrachorum and Trichomonas batrachorum.

4. Cysts of Trichomonas batrachorum have never been found in faeces or in cultures.
Trypanosoma gambiense in Monkeys and Ruminants; Prolonged Infection, Immunity and Superinfection
Authors: Duke H. Lyndhurst
Published: July 2013

In the Final Report of the League of Nations International Commission on Sleeping Sickness (1928) certain tentative conclusions were expressed about the behaviour of T. gambiense, recently isolated from man, in the blood of monkeys and of certain domestic ruminants. These conclusions, which were intended primarily to serve as a basis for further researches, were set forth in the Summary of Part I of that Report, and read as follows:
Red-cell Adhesion in Trypanosomiasis of Man and other Animals
Authors: Wallace James Montague , Wormall Arthur
Published: July 2013

1. The red-cell adhesion phenomenon in trypanosomiasis of man and other animals, first described by Duke and Wallace (1930) and shown by these authors to be due to the presence in the blood of the infected animal of a sub-stance (adhesin) which appears during the course of an infection, has been investigated further. Several strains of T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense have been used for this study.

2. Red-cell adhesion of this nature has been obtained with the red blood cells of primates only, thus confirming the earlier finding.

3. No relationship appears to exist between red-cell adhesion and isohaemagglutination, or other types of haemagglutination. The removal, by absorption, of the α and β isohaemagglutinins from a human adhesin serum of blood group O, or the removal from a monkey adhesin serum of agglutinins for baboon, rabbit and guinea-pig red cells does not lead to the removal of the adhesin.

4. Centrifuging, per se, does not destroy to any appreciable extent the power of trypanosomes to adhere to red cells.

5. Trypanosomes which have been freed from plasma by centrifuging and subsequent washing with citrate-Ringer-glucose solution give good adhesion with human or monkey red cells when a fresh adhesin serum or plasma is used. Little or no adhesion is obtained with these washed trypanosomes however, if the adhesin serum is very old or if it has been previously filtered through a Berkefeld filter candle or if the adhesin serum or plasma has been heated at 56° C. for 30 minutes.

6. From this and other evidence the conclusion is reached that in addition to the red cells, trypanosomes and the adhesin some other factor (designated the “X” factor) is necessary for red-cell adhesion.

7. This “X” factor is present in the serum or plasma of humans, monkeys, baboons, rabbits and guinea-pigs and has properties similar to those of complement. It is removed, as is most of the haemolytic complement, when the serum is filtered through a Berkefeld filter, it is destroyed by heating at 56° C. for 30 minutes, and, like haemolytic complement, it is inactivated when the serum is subjected to the action of dilute ammonia for about 1½ hours. Filtration, heating at 56° C. for 30 minutes and dilute ammonia appear to have no significant destructive action on the adhesin.

8. The requirements for this red-cell adhesion phenomenon are (a) the red cells of a primate, (b) an adhesin, which is probably an antibody-like sub-stance produced during infection with trypanosomes, (c) trypanosomes of a strain related to that which gave rise to the formation of the adhesin, and (d) a complement-like component (“X” factor) present in the plasma and serum of most, if not all, normal animals.
The Larval and Pupal Anatomy ofStenomalus micansOl. (Pteromalidae), a Chalcid Endoparasite of the Gout-fly of Barley (Chlorops taeniopus Meig.), with some Details of the Life History of the Summer Generation
Authors: Kearns H. G. H.
Published: July 2013

1. Two species of endoparasites, a ChalcidStenomalus micansand a BraconidCoelineus niger, were found in every sample of “gouted” barley examined from a number of counties in southern England.

2.Chloropsinfestations were severe in 1928 in many districts, and the majority of the “gouted” shoots were of winter-type damage, of which 68 percent. were parasitised, two-thirds byS. micans.

3. The larval anatomy ofS. micansis described:

(a) There are five larval instars, each of which is described.

(b) The first larval instar appears to be partly predaceous.

(c) The larvae can be kept alive for 5 days on the surface of normal physiological saline solution and moulting occurs, which enables the instar to be determined with certainty.

(d) The tracheal system is devoid of spiracles until the fourth larval instar; spiracles then develop and are connected to the former rudimentary stigmatic trunks prior to the death of the host.

(e) The fourth instar larva develops a cephalic boring armature which is used for breaking up the internal organs of the host and also to bore an exit hole through the latter's body wall.

4. The pupa ofS. micansis described and sex differences are indicated.
THE SPHINX ON THE ROOF: THE MEANING OF THE GREEK TEMPLE ACROTERIA
Authors: Petit Thierry
Published: July 2013

In the Archaic period, from the end of the seventh and above all in the sixth centurybc, sphinxes are ubiquitous in the figured decoration of Greek temples. They appear not only as acroteria, but also on antefixes and simas. As acroteria, they always occur as lateral versions, flanking the central acroterion at a distance. Although these figures have recently been the subject of several exhaustive studies, their significance remains a matter of debate. In the absence of explicit texts, the only means of comprehending their meaning is by examining the combinations of figures in which the sphinx makes an appearance. It is their association in three-part or heraldic compositions with a central vegetal or floral motif which provides the key to the explanation. This group is similar to that known in the Levant in which two sphinxes flank a ‘Tree of Life’, a group which the Old Testament texts allow us to identify as the cherubim guarding the Tree of Life of Genesis 3.24. This group was transmitted to Cyprus and to the Aegean world without losing its meaning. A series of documents allows us to verify that the ‘extended’ group of acroteria that we are concerned with has not lost its symbolic value by comparison with the ‘compact’ group known particularly from Archaic Greek vase-painting. An explanation in terms of eschatological ends and aspirations also permits us to interpret the other associations of the sphinx – with gorgons, with horsemen and with ‘Nike' figures.
The Conscience of the World?: Swedish and Norwegian Provision of Development Aid
Authors: Engh Sunniva
Published: July 2013

As the decolonisation process began after World War II, new ties developed between independent countries, international organisations and donors of development aid. While the former colonial powers were prominent providers of aid to their former colonies, Sweden and Norway took pride in their lack of a colonial past, and considered themselves to be particularly suitable aid donors for this very reason. Norway established its first aid project in 1952; but despite this relatively early beginning, aid transfers remained low through the 1960s. Since the 1970s, however, both Sweden and Norway have been among the most generous aid donors. The countries have been comparatively active in the development policy area, both bilaterally and on an international level, encouraging international co-operation and co-ordination.
TRANSFER-OF-TRAINING EFFECTS IN PROCESSING INSTRUCTION
Authors: White Justin P. , DeMil Andrew J.
Published: July 2013

This study compares the effects of processing instruction (PI), structured input (SI), and form-related explicit information (FREI) on a primary target form (i.e., third-person Spanish accusative clitics) and on a secondary form (i.e., third-person Spanish dative clitics). Participants included 151 adult learners enrolled in a beginning-level Spanish course. Findings revealed that SI is as effective on the primary target form as PI immediately after treatment; however, the FREI component of PI may play a positive role at the delayed posttest, as exhibited by the fact that the PI group maintained gains, whereas the SI group, although improved from the pretest, did not. Learners exposed to both PI and SI also demonstrated gains on the secondary target form, which suggests a transfer-of-training effect for both interventions. As such, we discuss the theoretical and methodological ramifications of these findings.
Optimal control of a class of piecewise deterministic processes
Authors: ANNUNZIATO M. , BORZÌ A.
Published: July 2013

A new control strategy for a class of piecewise deterministic processes (PDP) is presented. In this class, PDP stochastic processes consist of ordinary differential equations that are subject to random switches corresponding to a discrete Markov process. The proposed strategy aims at controlling the probability density function (PDF) of the PDP. The optimal control formulation is based on the hyperbolic Fokker–Planck system that governs the time evolution of the PDF of the PDP and on tracking objectives of terminal configuration with a target PDF. The corresponding optimization problems are formulated as a sequence of open-loop hyperbolic optimality systems following a model predictive control framework. These systems are discretized by first-order schemes that guarantee positivity and conservativeness of the numerical PDF solution. The effectiveness of the proposed computational control framework is validated considering PDP with dichotomic noise.
HAYEK’S UNACKNOWLEDGED DISCIPLE: AN EXPLORATION OF THE POLITICAL AND INTELLECTUAL RELATIONSHIP OF F. A. HAYEK AND AARON DIRECTOR (1945–1950)
Authors: VAN HORN ROBERT
Published: July 2013

None of the existing scholarly literature has explored or appreciated Director’s great respect for Hayek or their relationship. This paper explores the relationship of Hayek and Director, and argues that Director should be viewed as a disciple of Hayek in the immediate post-war period. Newly available archival material in the Director Papers at the University of Chicago as well as material in the Hayek Papers allow for a deeper appreciation of their relationship than was previously possible. The archival record indicates that the central arc of their relationship occurred from 1945 to roughly 1950, when they heavily corresponded, and primarily focuses on this pivotal time period. Through exploring the relationship of Hayek and Director, this paper challenges the frequent claim that Hayek did not influence the post-war Chicago School, and argues that, starting in 1946, Hayek, even though he was not yet at Chicago, influenced the initial intellectual trajectory of the post-war Chicago School through his disciple Director.
ECONOPHYSICS: A NEW CHALLENGE FOR FINANCIAL ECONOMICS?
Authors: JOVANOVIC FRANCK , SCHINCKUS CHRISTOPHE
Published: July 2013

Financial economics was born in the 1960s. It took less than two decades for the new discipline’s main theoretical results to become established, creating what is considered to be mainstream financial economics. Less than thirty years later, a new field of research called “econophysics” was created. This field aims to reinvent modern financial theory and, indirectly, financial economics.

This article proposes to study, by an historical analysis, to what extent econophysics today could constitute one of the major theoretical challenges to financial economics. It shows how these two fields have historical similarities, and analyzes how these similarities call the future evolution of financial theory into question.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Comorbid Schizophrenia: A Case Report with Repetitive Measurements
Authors: Hagen Kristen , Solem Stian , Hansen Bjarne
Published: July 2013

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been observed in a substantial proportion of patients with schizophrenia. Although cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is well documented for OCD, few case studies are available regarding CBT for comorbid OCD in schizophrenia. Aims: The study aims to present a case study to augment the limited knowledge concerning CBT treatment for OCD in patients with schizophrenia. Method: The research adopted a case study approach, with a baseline condition and repeated assessments during the 3-week treatment and 6-month follow-up period. Results: The treatment was successful and the patient achieved clinical significant change in OCD symptoms. The patient had a reduction on the Y-BOCS from 24 to 5 (79%) and from 38 to 10 (73%) on the OCI-R from before treatment to 6 months follow-up. He did not fulfil the criteria for an OCD diagnosis at the end of the 3-week treatment period, or the follow-up at 3- and 6 months. Conclusions: The results strengthen the impressions given by previous case studies suggesting that CBT may be a promising treatment for OCD in patients with schizophrenia.
A NOTE ON MONEY AND THE CONDUCT OF MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Chadha Jagjit S. , Corrado Luisa , Holly Sean
Published: July 2013

Prior to the financial crisis, mainstream monetary policy practice had become disconnected from money. We outline the basic rationale for this development using a simple model of money and credit in which we explore the conditions under which money matters directly for the conduct of policy. Then, using a DSGE model, we examine the circumstances under which money becomes more closely linked to inflation. We find that money matters when the variance of the supply of lending dominates productivity and the velocity of money demand. This is because amplifying the role of loans supply leads to an expansion in aggregate demand, via a compression of the external finance premium, which is inflationary. We consider a number of alternative monetary policy rules, and find that a rule which exploits the joint information from money and the external finance premium performs best.
Doping, sport and the law: time for repeal of prohibition?
Authors: Anderson Jack
Published: July 2013

This article concerns the legal issues that surround the prohibition of doping in sport. The current policy on the use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) in sport is underpinned by both a paternalistic desire to protect athletes' health and the long-term integrity or ‘spirit’ of sport. The policy is put into administrative effect globally by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which provides the regulatory and legal framework through which the vast majority of international sports federations harmonise their anti-doping programmes. On outlining briefly both the broad administrative structures of international sport's various anti-doping mechanisms, and specific legal issues that arise in disciplinary hearings involving athletes accused of doping, this article questions the sustainability of the current ‘zero tolerance’ approach, arguing, by way of analogy to the wider societal debate on the criminalisation of drugs, and as informed by Sunstein and Thaler's theory of libertarian paternalism, that current policy on anti-doping has failed. Moreover, rather than the extant moral and punitive panic regarding doping in sport, this article, drawing respectively on Seddon's and Simon's work on the history of drugs and crime control mentality, contends that, as an alternative, harm reductionist measures should be promoted, including consideration of the medically supervised use of certain PEDs.
Peripheral governance: administering transnational health-care flows
Authors: Fletcher Ruth
Published: July 2013

This paper develops the concept of peripheral governance as a kind of legal transnationalism that is being generated by responses to outward travel for health care. I argue for a recuperation of the ‘peripheral’ in order to think through the ways in which marginal actors and marginal objects contribute to transnationalism. The paper draws on the idea of networked governance, nodal governance in particular, to capture governance mechanisms that have emerged in response to outward flows for health care. Peripheral governance comes into being through the cultivation of dependency on core provision of health care in other jurisdictions and by focusing domestic provision on those services (information, counselling, check-ups), which lie on the margins of health care. Peripheral governance has four key technologies: non-development, exit, use and return. These technologies illustrate how state agencies may actively mobilise the peripheral as they claim to address local needs through participation in the regulation of cross-border health care. In so doing they configure a conception of the peripheral that does not want to become core, participates in transnational networks on its own terms, and focuses on marginal objects of health care. I develop this account of peripheral governance through a critical reading of the strategies that the Irish Crisis Pregnancy Agency has adopted in response to women's practices of travelling for abortion care.
Defining the functional determinants for RNA surveillance by RIG‐I
Authors: Kohlway Andrew , Luo Dahai , Rawling David C , Ding Steve C , Pyle Anna Marie
Published: July 2013

Retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I) is an intracellular RNA sensor that activates the innate immune machinery in response to infection by RNA viruses. Here, we report the crystal structure of distinct conformations of a RIG‐I:dsRNA complex, which shows that HEL2i‐mediated scanning allows RIG‐I to sense the length of RNA targets. To understand the implications of HEL2i scanning for catalytic activity and signalling by RIG‐I, we examined its ATPase activity when stimulated by duplex RNAs of varying lengths and 5′ composition. We identified a minimal RNA duplex that binds one RIG‐I molecule, stimulates robust ATPase activity, and elicits a RIG‐I‐mediated interferon response in cells. Our results reveal that the minimal functional unit of the RIG‐I:RNA complex is a monomer that binds at the terminus of a duplex RNA substrate. This behaviour is markedly different from the RIG‐I paralog melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 (MDA5), which forms cooperative filaments.
Casein kinase 2 is essential for mitophagy
Authors: Kanki Tomotake , Kurihara Yusuke , Jin Xiulian , Goda Tadahiro , Ono Yusuke , Aihara Masamune , Hirota Yuko , Saigusa Tetsu , Aoki Yoshimasa , Uchiumi Takeshi , Kang Dongchon
Published: July 2013

Mitophagy is a process that selectively degrades mitochondria. When mitophagy is induced in yeast, the mitochondrial outer membrane protein Atg32 is phosphorylated, interacts with the adaptor protein Atg11 and is recruited into the vacuole with mitochondria. We screened kinase‐deleted yeast strains and found that CK2 is essential for Atg32 phosphorylation, Atg32–Atg11 interaction and mitophagy. Inhibition of CK2 specifically blocks mitophagy, but not macroautophagy, pexophagy or the Cvt pathway. In vitro, CK2 phosphorylates Atg32 at serine 114 and serine 119. We conclude that CK2 regulates mitophagy by directly phosphorylating Atg32.
Role of point defects on the reactivity of reconstructed anatase titanium dioxide (001) surface
Authors: Wang Yang , Sun Huijuan , Tan Shijing , Feng Hao , Cheng Zhengwang , Zhao Jin , Zhao Aidi , Wang Bing , Luo Yi , Yang Jinlong , Hou J. G.
Published: July 2013

The chemical reactivity of different surfaces of titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been the subject of extensive studies in recent decades. The anatase TiO2(001) and its (1 × 4) reconstructed surfaces were theoretically considered to be the most reactive and have been heavily pursued by synthetic chemists. However, the lack of direct experimental verification or determination of the active sites on these surfaces has caused controversy and debate. Here we report a systematic study on an anatase TiO2(001)-(1 × 4) surface by means of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques in combination with first-principles calculations. Two types of intrinsic point defects are identified, among which only the Ti3+ defect site on the reduced surface demonstrates considerable chemical activity. The perfect surface itself can be fully oxidized, but shows no obvious activity. Our findings suggest that the reactivity of the anatase TiO2(001) surface should depend on its reduction status, similar to that of rutile TiO2 surfaces.
High‐quality decoding method based on resampling and re‐reconstruction
Authors: Kuo Yonghong , Wang Shengtai , Qin Dong , Chen Jian
Published: July 2013

A novel decoding method is proposed to improve the decoding quality of both compressed sensing (CS) frames and key frames in distributed compressive video sensing at low CS frames sampling rate. Results manifest that the decoding performance of the proposed approach at low sampling rate outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art block‐based compressed sensing‐based codecs.
Reflectarray with EBG elements for improved radiation characteristics
Authors: Yoon Ji Hwan , Kim Eunyoung , Yoon Young Joong , Lee Woo‐sang , So Joon‐ho
Published: July 2013

A reflectarray composed of elements with electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) characteristics to improve radiation performances is proposed. The EBG elements are composed of patches and multiple via‐holes to provide required reflection phase and bandgap characteristics at target frequency of 10 GHz. Compared with a normal patch reflectarray without EBG elements, the gain is improved by 1.4 dB, and the SLLs are suppressed by 1.5 dB (E‐plane) and 5.3 dB (H‐plane), respectively.
Feasibility of coaxial through silicon via 3D integration
Authors: Adamshick S. , Coolbaugh D. , Liehr M.
Published: July 2013

Three‐dimensional (3D) integration of coaxial through silicon vias (TSVs) is becoming an area of considerable interest owing to their superior high‐frequency performance in comparison to standard 3D interconnects. However, in contrast to standard TSVs, coaxial TSVs require more processing to integrate the ground shield surrounding the copper via. Cost‐effective methods for implementing coaxial TSV technology with CMOS processing are challenging. Demonstrated is a low‐cost fabrication method for integrating coaxial TSVs within the confines of a standard CMOS process is demonstrated.
Short terminal load with broad bandwidth
Authors: Zhang Y.B. , Wang Q.Y. , Ding J.Y.
Published: July 2013

A novel short waveguide terminal load (patent pending) with broad bandwidth is proposed and demonstrated. A simple design procedure is developed for the proposed terminal load. For verification purposes, a terminal load over the frequency range from 6.57 to 9.99 GHz was designed, manufactured and measured. The simulated results are compared with the measured data, and good agreement is reported. The measured return loss is greater than 20 dB over the full waveguide operating band (R84 standard waveguide), its total length is less than 35 mm, which is about a half of a commercial load with the same performance.
Objective method to provide ground truth for IQA research
Authors: Lu Yanan , Xie Fengying , Jiang Zhiguo , Meng Rusong
Published: July 2013

Image quality assessment (IQA) research strongly depends upon subjective experiments to provide ground truth to train and evaluate the IQA algorithms. These subjective experiments are cumbersome and expensive. An objective method based on human visual characteristics is proposed to generate the ground truth for distortion images. The proposed metric called Normalised Objective Distortion Score (NODS), using the logarithm of distortion parameter as the image quality score, is easily realised so that much manpower and time cost can be saved. The effectiveness of NODS has been analysed through experiments on five state‐of‐the‐art IQA algorithms, and the result shows that the NODS is stable and can work as well as the subjective score when evaluating the performance of the IQA algorithms.
Optimisation and length scaling of raised drain buried oxide SOI tunnel FET
Authors: Bhowmick B. , Baishya S. , Sen J.
Published: July 2013

A detailed study of a tunnelling field‐effect transistor using a SOI substrate with raised buried oxide in the drain is reported. The simulated device exhibits improved ON current, lower OFF current, high transconductance and better subthreshold swing with variations to gate length scaling. Moreover, it is immune to short channel effects such as drain‐induced barrier narrowing, threshold voltage roll‐off etc. The hetero‐gate dielectric is used to reduce the parasitic bipolar current at the drain side and to increase the tunnelling generation rate at the source side. The study was carried out using the two‐dimensional Synopsys TCAD tool.
Lossless compression of hyperspectral imagery via RLS filter
Authors: Song Jinwei , Zhang Zhongwei , Chen Xiaomin
Published: July 2013

A new algorithm for lossless compression of hyperspectral imagery is proposed. First, the average value of four neighbour pixels of the current pixel is calculated as local mean, which is subtracted by the current pixel to eliminate correlation in the current band image. The residual produced by this step is called local difference. The local differences of the pixels which co‐locate with the current pixel in previous bands form the input vector of the recursive least square (RLS) filter, by which the prediction value of the current local difference is produced. Then, the prediction residual is sent to the adaptive arithmetic encoder. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm produces state‐of‐the‐art performance with relatively low complexity, and it is suitable for real‐time compression on satellites.
Design of compact circular resonator for electrodeless microwave plasma lamp
Authors: Yuan Jiade , Lin Guoqing , Chen Heping , Su Kaixiong
Published: July 2013

A compact circular resonator for a microwave plasma lamp is designed. A disc‐shaped metal sheet is loaded in the coaxial resonant cavity to reduce the volume by increasing its equivalent capacitance. The operating centre frequency of the proposed circular resonator is 444.5 MHz with a radius of 25 mm and height of 40 mm. The proposed compact resonator does not need to be filled with dielectric material, therefore it is very easy to manufacture with low cost. The test results show that the proposed resonator exhibits good performance.
Tabular construction of balanced codes
Authors: Fair I.J. , Jamieson C.
Published: July 2013

Symmetries in the encoding of balanced sequences are exploited to simplify a tabular approach for constructing balanced codes, and it is shown that with appropriate assignment of source word probabilities, these symmetries ensure the absence of discrete components in the spectrum of the encoded signal. He is further shown that assigning appropriate priorities to codewords during table construction results in superior low‐frequency performance, and the use of these techniques is demonstrated in the construction of a balanced QPSK code.
Compact CMOS IR‐UWB transmitter using variable‐order Gaussian pulse generator
Authors: Reja M.M. , Hameed Z. , Moez K. , Shamsadini S.
Published: July 2013

An area‐efficient CMOS impulse radio ultra‐wideband (IR‐UWB) transmitter capable of generating variable orders of Gaussian pulses is presented. The core of the pulse generator is constructed using the cascade connection of RC differentiator networks separated by tunable amplifiers. Tuning the bias current of the amplifier using a voltage‐controlled current‐source allows for generation of varying orders of Gaussian pulses, which in turn allows for controlling the power and spectral mask of transmitted signals. Fabricated in a TSMC 90 nm digital CMOS process, the measurement shows that the fully integrated transmitter can generate fifth‐ to sixth‐order Gaussian pulses. The core transmitter consumes 10.0–12.0 mW at 200 MHz pulse repeating frequency and occupies a chip area of 0.008 mm2 only.
Independent vector analysis with multivariate student's t‐distribution source prior for speech separation
Authors: Liang Y. , Chen G. , Naqvi S.M.R. , Chambers J.A.
Published: July 2013

The independent vector analysis algorithm can theoretically avoid the permutation problem in frequency domain blind source separation by using a multivariate source prior to retain the dependency between different frequency bins of each source. A super‐Gaussian multivariate Student's t‐distribution is adopted as the source prior to model the spectrum of speech signals and to mitigate imprecise variance knowledge as is commonplace in non‐stationary signal processing. Moreover, the new multivariate source prior can be interpreted as a joint distribution constructed by a t‐copula, which can describe the nonlinear inter‐frequency dependency. Experimental results using 50 speech mixtures formed from the TIMIT database confirm the advantages of the proposed algorithm.
High‐speed 850 nm VCSELs operating error free up to 57 Gbit/s
Authors: Westbergh P. , Haglund E.P. , Haglund E. , Safaisini R. , Gustavsson J.S. , Larsson A.
Published: July 2013

Error‐free transmission is demonstrated at bit rates up to 57 Gbit/s back‐to‐back, up to 55 Gbit/s over 50 m fibre and up to 43 Gbit/s over 100 m fibre using an oxide‐confined 850 nm high‐speed vertical cavity surface‐emitting laser with a photon lifetime optimised for high‐speed data transmission.
Integrals for monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras and their applications
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Wang Zhongwei , Zhang Liangyun
Published: July 2013

Integrals of monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras are introduced and the existence and uniqueness of integrals for finite-dimensional monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras are investigated first. Then integrals are applied to the Maschke type theorem for monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras controlling the semisimplicity and separability of monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras. Further, monoidal Hom-algebras are characterized with additional Frobenius property, and the question when finite-dimensional monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras are Frobenius is studied. As applications of integrals, the Maschke type theorem for Hom-smash product is given, and the Morita context in the Hom-category \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\widetilde{\mathcal {H}}(\mathcal {M}_k)$\end{document}H̃(Mk) is constructed.
First principles study of hydroxyapatite surface
Authors: Slepko Alexander , Demkov Alexander A.
Published: July 2013

The biomineral hydroxyapatite (HA) [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] is the main mineral constituent of mammal bone. We report a theoretical investigation of the HA surface. We identify the low energy surface orientations and stoichiometry under a variety of chemical environments. The surface most stable in the physiologically relevant OH-rich environment is the OH-terminated (1000) surface. We calculate the work function of HA and relate it to the surface composition. For the lowest energy OH-terminated surface we find the work function of 5.1 eV, in close agreement with the experimentally reported range of 4.7 eV–5.1 eV [V. S. Bystrov, E. Paramonova, Y. Dekhtyar, A. Katashev, A. Karlov, N. Polyaka, A. V. Bystrova, A. Patmalnieks, and A. L. Kholkin, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23, 065302 (2011)10.1088/0953-8984/23/6/065302].
Extended pseudo-fermions from non commutative bosons
Authors: Ali S. Twareque , Bagarello F. , Gazeau Jean Pierre
Published: July 2013

We consider some modifications of the two dimensional canonical commutation relations, leading to non commutative bosons and we show how biorthogonal bases of the Hilbert space of the system can be obtained out of them. Our construction extends those recently introduced by one of us (F.B.), modifying the canonical anticommutation relations. We also briefly discuss how bicoherent states, producing a resolution of the identity, can be defined.
On one-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations with degenerate viscosity and constant state at far fields
Authors: Dou Changsheng , Jiu Quansen
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we are concerned with the Cauchy problem for one-dimensional compressible isentropic Navier-Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity μ(ρ) = ρα(α > 0) and pressure P(ρ) = ργ (γ > 1). We will establish the global existence and asymptotic behavior of weak solutions for any α > 0 and γ > 1 under the assumption that the density function keeps a constant state at far fields. In particular, in the case that \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$0<\alpha <\frac{1}{2}$\end{document}0<α<12, we obtain the large time behavior of the strong solution obtained by Mellet and Vasseur when the solution has a lower bound (no vacuum).
Macroscopic quantum tunneling of magnetization explored by quantum-first-order reversal curves
Authors: Béron Fanny , Novak Miguel A. , Vaz Maria G. F. , Guedes Guilherme P. , Knobel Marcelo , Caldeira Amir , Pirota Kleber R.
Published: July 2013

A method to study the fundamental problem of quantum double well potential systems that display magnetic hysteresis is proposed. The method, coined quantum-first-order reversal curve (QFORC), is inspired by the first-order reversal curve, based on the Preisach model for hysteresis. We successfully tested the QFORC method in the hysteresis of the Mn12Ac molecular magnet, which is governed by macroscopic quantum tunneling of magnetization. The QFORC reproduces well the experimental magnetization behavior. It is possible to separate the thermal activation and tunneling contributions from the magnetization variation, as well as associate the magnetization jumps with specific quantum transitions.
Effects of domain morphology on kinetics of fluid phase separation
Authors: Roy Sutapa , Das Subir K.
Published: July 2013

Kinetics of phase separation in a three-dimensional single-component Lennard-Jones fluid, that exhibits vapor-liquid transition, is studied via molecular dynamics simulations after quenching homogeneous systems, of different overall densities, inside the coexistence region. For densities close to the vapor branch of the coexistence curve, phase separation progresses via nucleation of liquid droplets and collisions among them. This is different from the evaporation-condensation mechanism proposed by Lifshitz and Slyozov, even though both lead to power-law growth of average domain size, as a function of time, with an exponent α = 1/3. Beyond a certain threshold value of the overall density, we observe elongated, percolating domain morphology which suddenly enhances the value of α. These results are consistent with some existing theoretical expectations.
Structure and properties of sodium aluminosilicate glasses from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Xiang Ye , Du Jincheng , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Mauro John C.
Published: July 2013

Addition of alumina to sodium silicate glasses considerably improves the mechanical properties and chemical durability and changes other properties such as ionic conductivity and melt viscosity. As a result, aluminosilicate glasses find wide industrial and technological applications including the recent Corning® Gorilla® Glass. In this paper, the structures of sodium aluminosilicate glasses with a wide range of Al/Na ratios (from 1.5 to 0.6) have been studied using classical molecular dynamics simulations in a system containing around 3000 atoms, with the aim to understand the structural role of aluminum as a function of chemical composition in these glasses. The short- and medium-range structures such as aluminum coordination, bond angle distribution around cations, Qn distribution (n bridging oxygen per network forming tetrahedron), and ring size distribution have been systematically studied. In addition, the mechanical properties including bulk, shear, and Young's moduli have been calculated and compared with experimental data. It is found that aluminum ions are mainly four-fold coordinated in peralkaline compositions (Al/Na < 1) and form an integral part of the rigid silicon-oxygen glass network. In peraluminous compositions (Al/Na > 1), small amounts of five-fold coordinated aluminum ions are present while the concentration of six-fold coordinated aluminum is negligible. Oxygen triclusters are also found to be present in peraluminous compositions, and their concentration increases with increasing Al/Na ratio. The calculated bulk, shear, and Young's moduli were found to increase with increasing Al/Na ratio, in good agreement with experimental data.
Asymmetric split-ring resonator-based biosensor for detection of label-free stress biomarkers
Authors: Lee Hee-Jo , Lee Jung-Hyun , Choi Suji , Jang Ik-Soon , Choi Jong-Soon , Jung Hyo-Il
Published: July 2013

In this paper, an asymmetric split-ring resonator, metamaterial element, is presented as a biosensing transducer for detection of highly sensitive and label-free stress biomarkers. In particular, the two biomarkers, cortisol and α-amylase, are used for evaluating the sensitivity of the proposed biosensor. In case of cortisol detection, the competitive reaction between cortisol-bovine serum albumin and free cortisol is employed, while alpha-amylase is directly detected by its antigen-antibody reaction. From the experimental results, we find that the limit of detection and sensitivity of the proposed sensing device are about 1 ng/ml and 1.155 MHz/ng ml−1, respectively.
Cooperative dynamic and diffusion behavior above and below the dynamical crossover of supercooled water
Authors: Picasso Germán C. , Malaspina David C. , Carignano Marcelo A. , Szleifer Igal
Published: July 2013

Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations combined with a novel approach to analyze the molecular displacements we analyzed the change in the dynamics above and below the crossover temperature Tx for supercooled water. Our findings suggest that the crossover from fragile to strong glass former occurring at Tx is related with a change in the diffusion mechanism evidencing the presence of jump-like diffusion at lower temperatures. Also we observe that fluctuations of the local environments are intimately connected with fluctuations in the size and the amount of cooperative cluster of mobile molecules, and in particular we find a highly cooperative nature of the motion at low temperatures.
Multireference configuration interaction theory using cumulant reconstruction with internal contraction of density matrix renormalization group wave function
Authors: Saitow Masaaki , Kurashige Yuki , Yanai Takeshi
Published: July 2013

We report development of the multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) method that can use active space scalable to much larger size references than has previously been possible. The recent development of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method in multireference quantum chemistry offers the ability to describe static correlation in a large active space. The present MRCI method provides a critical correction to the DMRG reference by including high-level dynamic correlation through the CI treatment. When the DMRG and MRCI theories are combined (DMRG-MRCI), the full internal contraction of the reference in the MRCI ansatz, including contraction of semi-internal states, plays a central role. However, it is thought to involve formidable complexity because of the presence of the five-particle rank reduced-density matrix (RDM) in the Hamiltonian matrix elements. To address this complexity, we express the Hamiltonian matrix using commutators, which allows the five-particle rank RDM to be canceled out without any approximation. Then we introduce an approximation to the four-particle rank RDM by using a cumulant reconstruction from lower-particle rank RDMs. A computer-aided approach is employed to derive the exceedingly complex equations of the MRCI in tensor-contracted form and to implement them into an efficient parallel computer code. This approach extends to the size-consistency-corrected variants of MRCI, such as the MRCI+Q, MR-ACPF, and MR-AQCC methods. We demonstrate the capability of the DMRG-MRCI method in several benchmark applications, including the evaluation of single-triplet gap of free-base porphyrin using 24 active orbitals.