bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE): criteria for neuropathological diagnosis and relationship to repetitive head impacts
Authors: McKee Ann C. , Stein Thor D. , Huber Bertrand R. , Crary John F. , Bieniek Kevin , Dickson Dennis , Alvarez Victor E. , Cherry Jonathan D. , Farrell Kurt , Butler Morgane , Uretsky Madeline , Abdolmohammadi Bobak , Alosco Michael L. , Tripodis Yorghos , Mez Jesse , Daneshvar Daniel H.
Published: February 2023

Over the last 17 years, there has been a remarkable increase in scientific research concerning chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Since the publication of NINDS–NIBIB criteria for the neuropathological diagnosis of CTE in 2016, and diagnostic refinements in 2021, hundreds of contact sport athletes and others have been diagnosed at postmortem examination with CTE. CTE has been reported in amateur and professional athletes, including a bull rider, boxers, wrestlers, and American, Canadian, and Australian rules football, rugby union, rugby league, soccer, and ice hockey players. The pathology of CTE is unique, characterized by a pathognomonic lesion consisting of a perivascular accumulation of neuronal phosphorylated tau (p-tau) variably alongside astrocytic aggregates at the depths of the cortical sulci, and a distinctive molecular structural configuration of p-tau fibrils that is unlike the changes observed with aging, Alzheimer’s disease, or any other tauopathy. Computational 3-D and finite element models predict the perivascular and sulcal location of p-tau pathology as these brain regions undergo the greatest mechanical deformation during head impact injury. Presently, CTE can be definitively diagnosed only by postmortem neuropathological examination; the corresponding clinical condition is known as traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). Over 97% of CTE cases published have been reported in individuals with known exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI), including concussions and nonconcussive impacts, most often experienced through participation in contact sports. While some suggest there is uncertainty whether a causal relationship exists between RHI and CTE, the preponderance of the evidence suggests a high likelihood of a causal relationship, a conclusion that is strengthened by the absence of any evidence for plausible alternative hypotheses. There is a robust dose–response relationship between CTE and years of American football play, a relationship that remains consistent even when rigorously accounting for selection bias. Furthermore, a recent study suggests that selection bias underestimates the observed risk. Here, we present the advances in the neuropathological diagnosis of CTE culminating with the development of the NINDS–NIBIB criteria, the multiple international studies that have used these criteria to report CTE in hundreds of contact sports players and others, and the evidence for a robust dose–response relationship between RHI and CTE.
Dysregulation of astrocytic Ca2+ signaling and gliotransmitter release in mouse models of α-synucleinopathies
Authors: Nanclares Carmen , Poynter Jonah , Martell-Martinez Hector A. , Vermilyea Scott , Araque Alfonso , Kofuji Paulo , Lee Michael K. , Covelo Ana
Published: February 2023

α-Synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites (LN) appearing in the postmortem brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other α-synucleinopathies. While most studies of α-synucleinopathies have focused on neuronal and synaptic alterations as well as dysfunctions of the astrocytic homeostatic roles, whether the bidirectional astrocyte–neuronal communication is affected in these diseases remains unknown. We have investigated whether the astrocyte Ca2+ excitability and the glutamatergic gliotransmission underlying astrocyte–neuronal signaling are altered in several transgenic mouse models related to α-synucleinopathies, i.e., mice expressing high and low levels of the human A53T mutant α-synuclein (G2-3 and H5 mice, respectively) globally or selectively in neurons (iSyn mice), mice expressing human wildtype α-synuclein (I2-2 mice), and mice expressing A30P mutant α-synuclein (O2 mice). Combining astrocytic Ca2+ imaging and neuronal electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices of these mice, we have found that compared to non-transgenic mice, astrocytes in G2-3 mice at different ages (1–6 months) displayed a Ca2+ hyperexcitability that was independent of neurotransmitter receptor activation, suggesting that the expression of α-synuclein mutant A53T altered the intrinsic properties of astrocytes. Similar dysregulation of the astrocyte Ca2+ signal was present in H5 mice, but not in I2-2 and O2 mice, indicating α-synuclein mutant-specific effects. Moreover, astrocyte Ca2+ hyperexcitability was absent in mice expressing the α-synuclein mutant A53T selectively in neurons, indicating that the effects on astrocytes were cell-autonomous. Consistent with these effects, glutamatergic gliotransmission was enhanced in G2-3 and H5 mice, but was unaffected in I2-2, O2 and iSyn mice. These results indicate a cell-autonomous effect of pathogenic A53T expression in astrocytes that may contribute to the altered neuronal and synaptic function observed in α-synucleinopathies.
The risk of central nodal metastasis based on prognostic factors of the differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis study
Authors: Hafez Lamiaa Gomaa , Elkomos Beshoy Effat , El-Shafaei Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed , Omran Hesham Mohamed Ali , Saad Ahmed Saeed
Published: February 2023

Background and aim

Despite improving the 10-year disease-free-survival, prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) should only be considered in patients with high risk factors for lymph node (LN) metastasis due to the increases in the risk of postoperative complications. Our aim was to identify the risk factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in DTC.

Method

We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Cochrane library for eligible studies from inception to November 1, 2021 and a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to identify the risk factors for CLNM in DTC.

Results

We included 41 studies with total of 27,741 patients in this study. The pooled results in this meta-analysis showed that these risk factors were significantly associated with CLNM: age < 45 years (odds ratio (OR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–1.99, p < 0.00001), male sex (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.54–1.93, p < 0.00001), multifocality (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.59–2.19, p < 0.00001), bilateral disease (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.15–1.78, p < 0.001), capsular invasion (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.10–2.54, p < 0.02), lymphovascular invasion (OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.76–8.66, p < 0.00001) and extra-thyroidal extension (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.97–3.00, p < 0.00001). In addition, young age (< 45 years), male sex, multifocality, and extra-thyroidal extension were significantly associated with large-volume CLNM in clinically N0 DTC patients. However, the presence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was not a predictors of large-volume CLNM.

Conclusion

Young age (< 45 years), male sex, bilateral disease, multifocality, capsular invasion, lymphovascular invasion and extra-thyroidal extension are significantly associated with CLNM and pCND would be expected to have a higher yield in patients with these risk factors.
Neuromuscular fatigue and muscle damage following a simulated singles badminton match
Authors: Lin Zengyuan , Blazevich Anthony J. , Abbiss Chris R. , Wilkie Jodie Cochrane , Nosaka Kazunori
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To understand muscle damage in badminton, changes in neuromuscular function were investigated after simulated badminton singles matches performed by ten state-level male players.

Methods

Each participant played eight matches and measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 1 and 24 h after each match. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque of the knee extensors and flexors, voluntary activation (VA) during MVC and torques generated by doublet (TDoublet), 20 (T20) and 80 Hz (T80) electrical stimulations of the knee extensors were measured from the dominant leg (the racket-hold arm side). Muscle soreness was assessed by a 100-mm visual analogue scale from both legs. The number of lunges performed by each participant in each match was analysed by videos, and its relations to other measures were examined.

Results

Pre-match knee extensor and flexor MVC torques were 278.4 ± 50.8 Nm and 143.0 ± 36.2 Nm, respectively. Knee extensor MVC torque of the dominant leg decreased immediately (12.0 ± 2.9%) and 1 h post-match (16.0 ± 3.2%), but returned to baseline at 24 h post-match. VA (11.4 ± 2.9%), TDoublet (13.1 ± 6.0%), T20 (31.1 ± 12.3%) and T80 (25.5 ± 7.9%) decreased (p < 0.01) immediately post-match but recovered by 24 h post-match. A significant correlation (r = − 0.64, p < 0.01) was observed between the total number of lunges performed in a match (160–240 times) and the magnitude of decrease in MVC torque (6.4–14.7%). Muscle soreness developed more (p < 0.05) for the dominant (51.5 ± 11.6 mm) than the non-dominant leg (18.8 ± 8.6 mm).

Conclusion

Muscle damage induced by singles badminton matches was minimal, but the more the lunges are performed, the greater the neuromuscular fatigue.
Common inherited variants of PDCD1, CD274 and HAVCR2 genes differentially modulate the risk and prognosis of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Moksud Nafeesa , Wagner Marta , Pawełczyk Konrad , Porębska Irena , Muszczyńska-Bernhard Beata , Kowal Aneta , Wiśniewski Andrzej , Kosacka Monika , Kończak Julia , Karpiński Paweł , Frydryk Dominik , Andrzejczak Anna , Karabon Lidia , Kuśnierczyk Piotr , Jasek Monika
Published: February 2023

Background

To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PDCD1, CD274, and HAVCR2 genes with the risk and outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes: squamous cell lung cancer (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods

TaqMan SNP genotyping assays or polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were used to determine genotypes of: PDCD1: rs36084323, rs7421861, rs11568821, rs2227981, rs10204525; CD274: rs822335, rs10815225, rs17718883, rs2297136, rs4742098, rs4143815; HAVCR2: rs10057302, rs1036199. Among 383 NSCLC patients, 112 were diagnosed with LUAD and 116 with LUSC. The control group consisted of 433 unrelated, cancer-free subjects.

Results

A CC genotype of rs4143815 and GG genotype of rs4742098 were associated with two times higher risk of developing LUSC (CC vs. GG + GC, OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.32, 4.06; P = 0.003; GG vs. AA + AG, OR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.17, 4.36; P = 0.016, respectively). Moreover, rs4143815 was an independent predictor of the age at diagnosis of LUAD. The carriers of C allele were diagnosed 4.81 years later (95% CI = 1.47, 8.15; P = 0.006) than patients with the GG genotype. The rs10057302 CA genotype was an independent predictor of overall survival in LUSC (adjusted HR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.93; P = 0.043). NSCLC carriers of rs11568821 T allele had almost double the risk of death (adjusted HR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.28, 3.29; P = 0.003) compared to carriers of CC genotype.

Conclusions

Our results provided additional evidence that SNPs of genes for PD-1, PD-L1 and TIM-3 differentially modulate the risk and prognosis of LUSC and LUAD.
Force-based assessment of tissue handling skills in simulation training for robot-assisted surgery
Authors: Rahimi A. Masie , Hardon Sem F. , Willuth E. , Lang F. , Haney Caelan M. , Felinska Eleni A. , Kowalewski Karl-Friedrich , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Horeman Tim , Nickel F. , Daams Freek
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Although robotic-assisted surgery is increasingly performed, objective assessment of technical skills is lacking. The aim of this study is to provide validity evidence for objective assessment of technical skills for robotic-assisted surgery.

Methods

An international multicenter study was conducted with participants from the academic hospitals Heidelberg University Hospital (Germany, Heidelberg) and the Amsterdam University Medical Centers (The Netherlands, Amsterdam). Trainees with distinctly different levels of robotic surgery experience were divided into three groups (novice, intermediate, expert) and enrolled in a training curriculum. Each trainee performed six trials of a standardized suturing task using the da Vinci Surgical System. Using the ForceSense system, five force-based parameters were analyzed, for objective assessment of tissue handling skills. Mann–Whitney U test and linear regression were used to analyze performance differences and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to analyze skills progression.

Results

A total of 360 trials, performed by 60 participants, were analyzed. Significant differences between the novices, intermediates and experts were observed regarding the total completion time (41 s vs 29 s vs 22 s p = 0.003), mean non zero force (29 N vs 33 N vs 19 N p = 0.032), maximum impulse (40 Ns vs 31 Ns vs 20 Ns p = 0.001) and force volume (38 N3 vs 32 N3 vs 22 N3p = 0.018). Furthermore, the experts showed better results in mean non-zero force (22 N vs 13 N p = 0.015), maximum impulse (24 Ns vs 17 Ns p = 0.043) and force volume (25 N3 vs 16 N3p = 0.025) compared to the intermediates (p ≤ 0.05). Lastly, learning curve improvement was observed for the total task completion time, mean non-zero force, maximum impulse and force volume (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

Construct validity for force-based assessment of tissue handling skills in robot-assisted surgery is established. It is advised to incorporate objective assessment and feedback in robot-assisted surgery training programs to determine technical proficiency and, potentially, to prevent tissue trauma.
Green functions for three-point boundary value problems governed by differential equation systems with applications to Timoshenko beams
Authors: Kiss L. P. , Szeidl G.
Published: February 2023

The present paper is devoted to the issue of the Green function matrices that belongs to some three-point boundary- and eigenvalue problems. A detailed definition is given for the Green function matrices provided that the considered boundary value problems are governed by a class of ordinary differential equation systems associated with homogeneous boundary and continuity conditions. The definition is a constructive one, i.e., it provides the means needed for calculating the Green function matrices. The fundamental properties of the Green function matrices—existence, symmetry properties, etc.—are also clarified. Making use of these Green functions, a class of three-point eigenvalue problems can be reduced to eigenvalue problems governed by homogeneous Fredholm integral equation systems. The applicability of the novel findings is demonstrated through a Timoshenko beam with three supports.
A technology transfer journey to a model-driven access control system
Authors: De Sanctis Martina , Di Salle Amleto , Iovino Ludovico , Rossi Maria Teresa
Published: February 2023

In the model-driven security domain, access control systems provide an application for handling access of persons through controlled gates. A gate, such as a door, can have a lock mechanism for securing the area from unauthorized access. Most commercial solutions for access control management offer pre-packaged software systems where customization of the authorization logic is either not allowed or subject to payment. Moreover, cross-platform development is a barrier for solution providers due to the high cost of development and maintenance that it implies. To overcome these limitations and further optimize the entire access control systems development process, we propose a model-driven approach that supports automatic code generation to enable communication between an IoT infrastructure and platforms for Facility Access Management. Specifically, the approach combines the benefits of Near-Field Communication (NFC) and Tinkerforge (i.e., an open-source hardware platform) with model-driven techniques. This allows the approach to exploit both behavioral and structural models for the modeling and the consequent code generation of part of the authorization mechanism, thus providing complete coverage of the code generated for the whole system. We implemented and evaluated our approach in a real-world case study within the premises of a fitness center with an IoT infrastructure consisting of several heterogeneous sensors by showing its practical applicability. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in supporting abstraction and automation concerning traditional code-centric development through code generation features. Consequently, our approach makes the whole development process less time-consuming and error-prone, thus reducing the system’s time to market.
Bounds for the Diameters of Orbital Graphs of Affine Groups
Authors: Maróti Attila , Skresanov Saveliy V.
Published: February 2023

General bounds are presented for the diameters of orbital graphs of finite affine primitive permutation groups. For example, it is proved that the orbital diameter of a finite affine primitive permutation group with a nontrivial point stabilizerH≤GL(V), where the vector spaceVhas dimensiondover the prime field, can be bounded in terms ofdand$\log |V|/\log |H|$log|V|/log|H|only. Several infinite families of affine primitive permutation groups with large orbital diameter are constructed. The results are independent from the classification of finite simple groups.
New error estimates of Lagrange–Galerkin methods for the advection equation
Authors: Bermejo Rodolfo , Carpio Jaime , Saavedra Laura
Published: February 2023

We study in this paper new developments of the Lagrange–Galerkin method for the advection equation. In the first part of the article we present a new improved error estimate of the conventional Lagrange–Galerkin method. In the second part, we introduce a new local projection stabilized Lagrange–Galerkin method, whereas in the third part we introduce and analyze a discontinuity-capturing Lagrange–Galerkin method. Also, attention has been paid to the influence of the quadrature rules on the stability and accuracy of the methods via numerical experiments.
Fight outcome influences male mating success in Drosophila prolongata
Authors: Toyoshima Naoki , Matsuo Takashi
Published: February 2023

The outcomes of preceding fights can influence the probability of winning a subsequent fight, known as the winner/loser effect. However, we know relatively little about how the experience of a preceding fight influences subsequent mating success. Here, we investigated the influence of preceding fight outcomes on subsequent mating behavior in a fruit fly Drosophila prolongata. Subordinate males mated less in two-choice mating assays, showing that the fight outcome predicts male mating success in this species. This tendency remained in a no-choice mating assay where direct interaction between the dominant and subordinate males was eliminated, suggesting that the mating disadvantage of the subordinate males was dependent on the experience of the previous fight rather than the direct interference by the dominant male. When a no-choice mating assay was performed before the fight, the prospective subordinate males mated at the same rate as the dominant males, confirming that the intrinsic male qualities in fighting and mating performances were independent of each other in our experiments. These results indicated that the experience-dependent changes in the subordinate males led to the reduced mating success.
Deindustrialisierung, Transformation und eine moderne Industriepolitik
Authors: Brandt Arno , Krämer Hagen
Published: February 2023

In the medium to long term, the manufacturing sector faces considerable challenges due to the necessary digital and ecological transformation as well as the new geopolitical situation. The new general conditions require an industrial and innovation policy oriented towards sustainability, climate neutrality and technological sovereignty. The successful implementation of the transformation processes makes sustainable changes necessary. This requires a new structural, innovation and industrial strategic policy that sets socio-political goals and launches the necessary innovations with the appropriate instruments.
The global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Wu Zhou , Chen Ke , Li Jianjiong , Dai Xiaoyu
Published: February 2023

Background

We aimed to estimate the global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) between 1990 and 2019.

Methods

Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify temporal trends in the age-standardized rates of CRC incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age, sex, region, and country. The correlations of EAPCs in the age-standardized rates with sociodemographic index (SDI) were also analyzed.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the CRC incidence, deaths, and DALYs increased worldwide by 157%, 110%, and 96%, respectively. The global age-standardized incidence rate increased (EAPC, 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–0.66), whereas both the age-standardized death rate (EAPC, −0.21; 95% CI, −0.28 to −0.14) and age-standardized DALY rate (EAPC, −0.21; 95% CI, −0.26 to −0.15) presented downward trends. As for regions, the largest increases in the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized death rate, and age-standardized DALY rate were observed in East Asia. In terms of countries, the largest increase in CRC incidence was found in Equatorial Guinea (3.98), followed by Vietnam (3.79) and China (3.66). The age-standardized incidence rate was higher in men than in women. Negative correlations were found between the EAPC in the age-standardized incidence rate of CRC and the SDI.

Conclusions

Future CRC preventive strategies should focus on the male population and older adults, especially in East Asia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and other high-risk regions.
Shaking table test of steel truss frame focusing on acceleration and strain response for post-earthquake buckling evaluation
Authors: Iyama Jun , Ou Chih Chun , Yamada Satoshi , Chiba Kazuki , Toyoshima Manabu
Published: February 2023

Large-span steel structures have been widely adopted in stadiums, airports, factories, and train stations because they provide a large space for multi-functional use. To ensure business continuity, post-earthquake damage surveys and structural status estimation of such important and large-spaced buildings have attracted increasing attention. Structural health monitoring of buildings using accelerometers is already in widespread use; however, measuring the acceleration response alone cannot directly estimate the damage of individual structural members. Another potential approach is to measure strain; however, its application to building structures is very limited. The goal of this study is to establish a method for quantitatively determining the damage of a large-scale truss structure immediately after an earthquake. Truss structure specimens were statically loaded or shaken by a shaking table to cause buckling damage, and the relationship between the changes in acceleration and strain response before and after buckling and the progress of the damage were investigated. The response properties of both acceleration and strain changed as buckling damage progressed. However, the strain amplitude measured on the chord members showed significant change according to the progress of buckling damage, while the changes in the predominant frequency and mode shape calculated from the acceleration response were small. It was shown that the observed out-of-plane deformation was almost linear to the strain response, indicating the possibility of quantitative assessment of damage by strain measurement.
Effect of software development course on programming self-efficacy
Authors: Kovari Attila , Katona Jozsef
Published: February 2023

Negative attitudes and perceptions on programming impair the effectiveness of learning programming skills. In this study the attitude related to programming, problem solving, and self-views on importance of IT/programming knowledge were assessed by pre- and post-test completed at the beginning and at the end of a software development course. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire and four different dimensions were measured by a survey consisting 23 items. The results show positive moderate associations between self-commitment in problem solving and algorithmic and problem solving ability and negative weak relationship with lack of self-confidence in programming. K-means algorithm showed that the students could be classified into two main groups stronger and weaker self-confidence in programming. In the case of both clusters, it was possible to achieve a positive change in attitudes related to programming. In the case of weaker self-confidence in programming, a greater change can be observed in the attitudes, which can be considered an important result from the point of view of the effectiveness of the software development course. The research presented in the article proves that attitudes related to programming can be influenced in a positive direction both in the case of those with stronger, but even more so in the case of those with weaker attitudes.
Sustainability trends and gaps in the textile, apparel and fashion industries
Authors: Abbate Stefano , Centobelli Piera , Cerchione Roberto , Nadeem Simon Peter , Riccio Emanuela
Published: February 2023

Textile, apparel, and fashion (TAF) industries contribute significantly to global environmental pollution at every point of the supply chain. Clothing manufacturing and transportation produce a large volume of waste and high greenhouse gas emissions, often taking advantage of cheap labor in developing countries. As a result, stakeholders are becoming more aware of the effect of the textile, apparel, and fashion industries on the climate and human rights, thus pushing businesses to mitigate their environmental damage. This paper offers a systematic literature review of sustainability trends in the TAF industries in the last 20 years. Bibliometric tools are also used to support the content analysis of the papers. The findings reveal three primary research areas in the TAF context: consumers’ behaviour towards sustainable clothing, circular economy initiatives, and sustainability challenges across the whole supply chain. As a result, this study highlights literature gaps and provides future research suggestions for each identified research cluster. In addition, drivers and barriers to implementing corporate social responsibility and circular economy practices are identified. Consequently, this study will help researchers and academicians work in this area to identify unexplored sub-fields, which reflect some potential investigation areas for expanding scientific literature on the topic. Finally, this study supports practitioners and managers in exploring the main research themes addressed in the scientific field, providing knowledge to improve and align business models with current sustainability trends.
Minimizing Resource Allocation for Cloud-Native Microservices
Authors: Erdei Roland , Toka Laszlo
Published: February 2023

With the continuous progress of cloud computing, many microservices and complex multi-component applications arise for which resource planning is a great challenge. For example, when it comes to data-intensive cloud-native applications, the tenant might be eager to provision cloud resources in an economical manner while ensuring that the application performance meets the requirements in terms of data throughput. However, due to the complexity of the interplay between the building blocks, adequately setting resource limits of the components separately for various data rates is nearly impossible. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive approach that consists of measuring the resource footprint and data throughput performance of such a microservices-based application, analyzing the measurement results by data mining techniques, and finally formulating an optimization problem that aims to minimize the allocated resources given the performance constraints. We illustrate the benefits of the proposed approach on Cortex, an extension to Prometheus for storing monitored metrics data. The data-intensive nature of this illustrative example stems from real-time monitoring of metrics exposed by a multitude of applications running in a data center and the continuous analysis performed on the collected data that can be fetched from Cortex. We present Cortex’s performance vs resource footprint trade-off, and then we build regression models to predict the microservices’ resource consumption and draw a mathematical programming formulation to optimize the most important configuration parameters. Our most important finding is the linear relationship between resource consumption and application performance, which allows for applying linear regression and linear programming models. After the optimization, we compare our results to Cortex’s recommendation, leading to a CPU reservation reduced by 50–80%.
Back and forth: day–night alternation between cover types reveals complementary use of habitats in a large herbivore
Authors: De Groeve Johannes , Van de Weghe Nico , Ranc Nathan , Morellet Nicolas , Bonnot Nadège C. , Gehr Benedikt , Heurich Marco , Hewison A. J. Mark , Kröschel Max , Linnell John D. C. , Mysterud Atle , Sandfort Robin , Cagnacci Francesca
Published: February 2023

Context

The Complementary Habitat Hypothesis posits that animals access resources for different needs by moving between complementary habitats that can be seen as ‘resource composites’. These movements can occur over a range of temporal scales, from diurnal to seasonal, in response to multiple drivers such as access to food, weather constraints, risk avoidance and human disturbance. Within this framework, we hypothesised that large herbivores cope with human-altered landscapes through the alternate use of complementary habitats at both daily and seasonal scales.

Objectives

We tested the Complementary Habitat Hypothesis in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) by classifying 3900 habitat-annotated movement trajectories of 154 GPS-monitored individuals across contrasting landscapes.

Methods

We considered day-night alternation between open food-rich and closed refuge habitats as a measure of complementary habitat use. We first identified day–night alternation using the Individual Movement - Sequence Analysis Method, then we modelled the proportion of day–night alternation over the year in relation to population and individual characteristics.

Results

We found that day-night alternation is a widespread behaviour in roe deer, even across markedly different landscapes. Day–night alternation followed seasonal trends in all populations, partly linked to vegetation phenology. Within populations, seasonal patterns of open/closed habitat alternation differed between male and female adults, but not in juveniles.

Conclusion

Our results support the Complementary Habitat Hypothesis by showing that roe deer adjust their access to the varied resources available in complex landscapes by including different habitats within their home range, and sequentially alternating between them in response to seasonal changes and individual life history.
Friends as a language learning resource in multilingual primary school classrooms
Authors: Bushati Bora , Kedia Gayannée , Rotter Daniela , Christensen Alexander P. , Krammer Georg , Corcoran Katja , Schmölzer-Eibinger Sabine
Published: February 2023

Interactions with classroom friends may be an important contributor to first and second language development, but to date this hypothesis has not been tested. Using a longitudinal design, the current study investigated the relationship between classroom friendships and oral language development in children. In 8 classrooms, we assessed the relationship between oral language skills and classroom social networks. Across the classrooms, 165 primary school children in Austria (83 boys; 119 L2 learners; age: 6–10) were assessed on oral language proficiency at the beginning of the school year (T1) and 6–7 months later (T2). Results indicated that the more reciprocal best friendships at T1, the greater language improvement at T2. Language improvement was strongest among friends with moderate differences in language proficiency, regardless of whether students were first or second language learners. These results underline the importance of positive social relations at school for language learning broadly.
Dynamics of Nonautomous Impulsive Multivalued Processes
Authors: Caraballo Tomás , Uzal José M.
Published: February 2023

In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour of multivalued processes which are under the influence of impulsive action. We provide conditions to guarantee the existence of a pullback attractor and we illustrate the results with several examples.
Extreme Heat and COVID-19 in New York City: An Evaluation of a Large Air Conditioner Distribution Program to Address Compounded Public Health Risks in Summer 2020
Authors: Lane Kathryn , Smalls-Mantey Lauren , Hernández Diana , Watson Siobhan , Jessel Sonal , Jack Darby , Spaulding Leanne , Olson Carolyn
Published: February 2023

In summer 2020, New York City (NYC) implemented a free air conditioner (AC) distribution program in response to the threats of extreme heat and COVID-19. The program distributed and installed ACs in the homes of nearly 73,000 older, low-income residents of public and private housing. To evaluate the program’s impact, survey data were collected from October 2020 to February 2021 via mail and online from 1447 program participants and 902 non-participating low-income NYC adults without AC as a comparison group. Data were examined by calculating frequencies, proportions, and logistic regression models. Participants were 3 times more likely to report staying home during hot weather in summer 2020 compared to non-participants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2, 4.1), with no difference between groups in summer 2019 (AOR = 1.0, CI = 0.8, 1.3). Participants were less likely to report that 2020 hot weather made them feel sick in their homes compared to non-participants (AOR = 0.2, CI = 0.2, 0.3). The program helped participants—low-income residents and primarily people of color—stay home safely during hot weather. These results are relevant for climate change health-adaptation efforts and heat-health interventions.
Was sind Bildungswissenschaften? Systematik vielfältiger Auffassungen in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur
Authors: Schreiber Felix , Cramer Colin
Published: February 2023

Unter Bildungswissenschaft(en) wird in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur Unterschiedliches verstanden. So ist etwa in der disziplinären Erziehungswissenschaft und institutionalisierten Lehrer:innenbildung eine Vielfalt an Auffassungen von Bildungswissenschaft(en) zu beobachten. Zudem stehen die sich mit Bildungswissenschaft(en) verbindenden (teil‑)disziplinären Perspektiven, Methoden, Themen, Bezugstheorien usw. recht unverbunden nebeneinander. Bleiben die pluralen Auffassungen implizit, erschwert dies potenziell die Professionalisierung in der Lehrer:innenbildung sowie die Wissenschaftskommunikation in der Erziehungswissenschaft. Im Beitrag werden anhand eines systematisch-inhaltsanalytischen Vorgehens (Conceptual Systematic Review) die sich in der Literatur findenden Auffassungen von ‚Bildungswissenschaft(en)‘ bezüglich der Häufigkeit ihres Auftretens und ihrer Zusammenhänge analysiert. Im systematisch identifizierten Korpus finden sich 17 unterschiedliche Auffassungen von ‚Bildungswissenschaft(en)‘. In definitorischer Perspektive dominieren Auffassungen von Bildungswissenschaft(en) als ‚Komponente der Lehrer:innenbildung‘ oder als ‚(Neu‑)Bezeichnung für Pädagogik und Erziehungswissenschaft‘. Diskursiv sind Auffassungen von Bildungswissenschaft(en) im Sinne einer ‚kompetenzorientierten Neuordnung‘ und einer ‚reflexiven Ausweitung‘ prominent. Werden die Auffassungen nach ihrem Zusammenhang betrachtet, zeigen sich drei Cluster, die inhaltlich entweder auf die disziplinäre Struktur der Erziehungswissenschaft, die institutionellen Aufgaben der Lehrer:innenbildung oder ein methodisch engeres Forschungsprogramm verweisen. Im Ergebnis werden so die Vielfalt der Auffassungen expliziert und mögliche Relationierungen (Verhältnisbestimmungen) erleichtert. Die Vielfalt und einzelne Auffassungen von Bildungswissenschaft(en) werden aus Perspektive der disziplinären Erziehungswissenschaft sowie der institutionalisierten Lehrer:innenbildung diskutiert.
Relationaler Umgang mit Krisen von Jugendamtsfachkräften in der Fallarbeit hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Bastian Pascal , Benoit Megan , Freres Katharina , Posmek Jana
Published: February 2023

Über die Auswirkungen der Covid-19 Pandemie auf die Fallarbeit der Jugendämter liegt bislang noch wenig empirisches Wissen vor. Allerdings geben qualitative Studien eine Reihe von Hinweisen zur Bedeutung von Teamarbeit, zu expliziten und impliziten Handlungsweisen sowie zu Entscheidungspraktiken (Sense-Making) von Fachkräften im Kinderschutz. Diese Aspekte wurden durch die Lockdowns und die pandemiebedingten Schutzmaßnahmen weitgehend eingeschränkt. Daraus ergibt sich die Frage der vorliegenden Studie nach dem Umgang mit diesen Einschränkungen und den darauf bezogenen Umgang.

Grundlage der Analyse bildet die kontrastive Auswertung von Telefoninterviews mit Fachkräften zweier Jugendämter. Aus einer relationalen Perspektive im Sinne Bruno Latours, die den Blick nicht alleine auf die jeweiligen Akteur*innen, sondern vielmehr auf deren Verbindungen und Vernetzungen untereinander richtet, werden zunächst Verschiebungen des Netzwerkes, in dem die Fälle üblicherweise bearbeitet werden, sichtbar. Diese Transformationen wurden auf der Grundlage der Interviews als krisenhaft erlebte Einschränkungen der üblichen Handlungspraxis herausgearbeitet. In den analysierten Daten lassen sich Handlungsweisen rekonstruieren, die sich als Umgang mit dieser Krise fassen lassen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die eigentliche Krise nicht in der abstrakten Vorstellung einer Viruspandemie, sondern vor allem im Wegbrechen von Fallarbeitsgewohnheiten zu finden ist.
Strain Rate-Dependent Anomalous Work Hardening of a Single-Crystalline CoNi-Base Superalloy
Authors: Vollhüter J. , Bezold A. , Karpstein N. , Köbrich M. , Spiecker E. , Göken M. , Neumeier S.
Published: February 2023

The deformation mechanisms operating in superalloys depend on different parameters such as composition, temperature and deformation rate. So far, the transition from shearing by APB-coupled dislocations to shearing under the formation of stacking faults has been studied exclusively as a function of temperature but not as a function of the strain rate. Therefore, interrupted compression tests with strain rates between 10–3 s−1 and 10–5 s−1 were performed on the single-crystalline CoNi-base superalloy ERBOCo-4 at a temperature of 850 °C. The evolution of the defect structures has been analyzed by conventional transmission electron microscopy. A change of the deformation mechanism from APB-coupled dislocation shearing to stacking fault shearing is found to depend on the strain rate. At lower strain rates, an increased stacking fault density is associated with a higher yield strength and higher work hardening rates at the early stages of plastic deformation due to a very high stacking fault density. After approximately 2.0 pct plastic strain, the stress reaches a plateau and decreases subsequently, which is associated with the formation and thickening of twins as shown by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. At higher strain rates, the work hardening rate is significantly lower in the early deformation stage. The role of segregation to planar defects and the influence of local phase transformations (LPT) at SESFs is further discussed in reference to the influence of the strain rate. The segregation of W as an η stabilizing element is found to be crucial for the formation of a local phase transformation in ERBOCo-4. At higher strain rates the phase transformation is hindered by insufficient W segregation, resulting in a higher twin density.
Correlation Between Process Parameters and Particle In-flight Behavior in AC-HVAF
Authors: Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Jasutyn K.
Published: February 2023

A computational fluid dynamics model for understanding the HVAF process and the influence of the process parameters on the particle flight properties is investigated. Achieving this objective involves a novel approach to modeling the HVAF process with pressure inlet boundary conditions and integration of the mixing chamber. The study comprises the prediction of the flow fields described by a set of equations consisting of continuity, momentum, energy, and species transport. These equations are then solved with realizable k-ε turbulence model, a two-step chemistry model and eddy dissipation model to simulate the combustion reaction. Consequently, the interaction between the CoNiCrAlY alloy particles and the flow is modeled using a Lagrangian approach considering the forces acting on the particles and the heat transfer. The results show that the gas flow field is mainly affected by the compressed air and propane parameters. Furthermore, the flight behavior of the smaller particles is significantly influenced by the gas flow, while the larger particles tend to maintain their momentum and energy. Through the simulation model, an in-depth process understanding of the HVAF process can be achieved. More importantly, the model can be used as a tool for efficient process development.
A core IoT ontology for automation support in edge computing
Authors: Ghrab Sahar , Lahyani Imene , Yangui Sami , Jmaiel Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Service providers provision more and more Internet-of-Things (IoT) services in the cloud for dynamicity and cost-effectiveness purposes. This is made possible thanks to the introduction of edge computing that brings additional computing and resources for analytics close to the data sources and thus enables meeting the low latency requirement. Edge nodes should support (i) the heterogeneity of IoT devices (e.g., sensor, actuator) and (ii) characteristics (e.g., mobility, location awareness). IoT is already integrated to the hybrid cloud/edge environment. However, the ecosystem lacks of automation due to the previously mentioned characteristics. Indeed, edge nodes are often manually selected during deployment time, and most of the regular quality-of-service (QoS) management procedures remain difficult to implement. This paper introduces a comprehensive semantic model called EdgeOnto. It encompasses all concepts related to IoT applied in the context of edge computing. The ultimate goal of EdgeOnto is to automate the several steps that make up the IoT services lifecycle in hybrid cloud/edge environment. On the one hand, semantics enable an automatic discovery of the relevant edge nodes that are suitable to host and execute IoT services considering their requirements. On the other hand, it allows supporting the specific QoS procedures that are related to such setting (e.g., low latency, mobility, jitter). The core ontology was designed with the Protégé open-source tool. A smart strawberry farming use case was implemented and evaluated for illustration purposes. The results validate the accuracy and the precision of the designed semantic matchmaker.
Comparative Study of Different Protein Extraction Technologies Applied on Mushrooms By-products
Authors: Prandi Barbara , Cigognini Ilaria Maria , Faccini Andrea , Zurlini Chiara , Rodríguez Óscar , Tedeschi Tullia
Published: February 2023

Mushroom production is a growing sector as the demand for this product is increasing. The quantity of waste and by-products generated along the supply chain is however considerable (about 20% of the fresh weight is disposed). Although the recovery of chitosan from mushrooms has been extensively studied, little has been done to optimize the recovery of proteins, which make up to 20% of dry weight. In the present work, six different by-products were studied for their crude composition and their protein fraction was characterized in detail. Then, a comparative study was conducted on three different extraction techniques (environmentally friendly aqueous extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction). Enzyme-assisted extraction has proven to be the most efficient technique in terms of protein extraction yield, even though the protein fraction is extracted in the form of peptides and not whole proteins. The lowest degree of hydrolysis is instead given by the ultrasound-assisted extraction, which however shows a rather high degree of racemization which decreases the quality of the proteins. The aqueous extraction, despite the low extraction yield, gave the purest protein extracts.
Familiar Strangers and Crime at Transit Stations: Is Crime Lower at Train Stations Where Familiar Strangers are Present?
Authors: Zahnow Renee , Chen Chiu-San , Corcoran Jonathan
Published: February 2023

Familiar strangers—individuals related through regular and repeated visual encounter occurring without verbal interaction—may reduce the risk of crime at places by increasing guardianship and internal motivation for norm compliance. This study examines the association between familiar stranger presence and incidents of theft and disorder at train stations using transit smart card and crime data for 22 stations across a six-month period. Familiar strangers are operationally defined as individual transit cards that are co-present within a 30-min temporal window on more than two occasions across a one-month period at a given train station. We apply logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of disorder and theft crimes within a 400-m radius of train stations controlling for station environmental features, co-located facilities and neighbourhood socio-demographic characteristics. Our results show that the impact of familiar strangers on crime (disorder and theft) at train stations is moderated by the neighbourhood socio-demographic context. This may suggest that macro-level norms of informal social control are important for determining crime at micro-places such as transit stations. The findings also indicate that urban design and transport policies require greater flexibility to enable intra-network variability in station design and formal security to enhance ridership.