bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
10.3: Analysis of a Weak Discharge of Ramp‐Wave Driving to Control Wall Voltage and Luminance in AC‐PDPs
Authors: Sakita K. , Takayama K. , Awamoto K. , Hashimoto Y.
Published: January 2005

We investigated a weak discharge of ramp‐wave driving in AC‐PDPs. A new interpretation of the wall voltage transfer curve for ramp‐wave driving was introduced. Both the sweep‐rate of ramp‐waves and the priming affect wall voltage controllability. These effects can be explained by the turn‐on characteristics of the transfer curve.
48.3: Invited Paper: P‐type Technology for Large Size Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Ha Yong‐Min
Published: January 2005

The fabrication process of low temperature poly‐Si (LTPS) TFT can be simplified by p‐type technology. It is expected that the cost and the yield of LTPS will be improved. Both integrated driving circuits and pixel switches consist of p‐type TFTs. The characteristics of the panel, the power consumption in the driving circuit, and the reliability of the panel are investigated. The driving circuits are designed to have large immunity to the variation of TFT characteristics and to operate with low power consumption. It is shown that the long life time of panel is guaranteed by acceleration experiments. 10.4 XGA and 12.1 XGA panels have been fabricated and characterized.
50.1:Invited Paper: AMLCD: The Ultimate Avionics Display
Authors: Tannas Lawrence E.
Published: January 2005

The most taxing application for an electronic display is the aircraft cockpit. AMLCD is a unique technology that after proper ruggedization has the highest performance qualifications for today's avionics. The criteria are presented to show why AMLCD is the ultimate in avionics display and why CRT, FED, LED, EL, PDP and OLED do not meet the criteria as we know them today. The criteria have expanded. The requirements are higher.
52.3: Direct‐viewing Display Using Alignment‐controlled PDLC and Holographic PDLC
Authors: Date Munekazu , Hisaki Tomoko , Naito Noboru , Nakadaira Atsushi , Suyama Shiro , Tanaka Hidenao , Uehira Kazutake , Koshiishi Yoshie
Published: January 2005

A novel direct‐viewing display using illumination from guided light is proposed. By analyzing usual normally scattering PDLC, we found that use of high‐speed alignment‐controlled PDLC combined with a field‐sequential color technique is promising for full‐color moving‐picture displays. Moreover, introducing a holographic structure improves the contrast and viewing angle characteristics.
11.1: Invited Paper: Switchable Reflective Displays Formed from Holographic Polymer‐Dispersed Liquid Crystals (H‐PDLCs)
Authors: Bunning Timothy J. , Natarajan Lalgudi V. , Sutherland Richard L. , Tondiglia Vincent P.
Published: January 2005

Holographically formed polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H‐PDLC) films show excellent promise in the development of switchable transmissive and reflective diffractive optical elements. The use of holographic photopolymerization allows for the development of spatially periodic gratings of nano‐scale sized LC domains. Reflection gratings exhibiting blue, green or red colors can be routinely fabricated and electrical switching has been demonstrated. Reflective H‐PDLCs have been investigated in terms of their electro‐optical performance parameters and their potential as a viable display system. These films exhibit low switching fields, high contrast ratios, high transmission in the on and off states and fast switching speeds on the order of microseconds. The state of the art performance levels and existing challenges in this new technology are broadly discussed.
54.4: Wide Viewing Angle Autostereoscopic 3D Display
Authors: Marston N. S. , Travis A. R. L.
Published: January 2005

A spinning polygon mounted inside a mirrored cavity is used in conjunction with a monocentric lens to produce an autostereoscopic 3D display that has a viewing angle in excess of 90°. Inter‐view separation is sharp and well defined, indicating that a successful autostereoscopic 3D display can be made using this method.
L‐4: Late‐News Paper: ThinCRT Display Technology Operating Life and Reliability Issues
Authors: Hopple George , Curtin Chris , Hatano Y.
Published: January 2005

Operating Life and Reliability are key market eligibility factors for all field emission displays. Proper faceplate, cathode and vacuum tube design as well as material and process selection are essential elements of a stable, reliable display. Discussion of the impact of these elements on life and reliability of Candescent's ThinCRT technology demonstrates their importance.
L‐6: Late‐News Paper: Scaling of FED Display Technology to Large Area Displays
Authors: Curtin C. J. , Iguchi Y.
Published: January 2005

The Sony/Candescent Joint Field Emission Display (FED) Technology Development Program has focused on the scalability of FED display technology. An FED architecture using standard high voltage P‐22 color phosphors has been scaled from 5.3 in. to 13.2 in. diagonal. Scaling of the assembly process and assembly tooling, and fabrication o6f longer support walls were the most critical elements to the successful evolution of the technology. Results demonstrate that further development will allow the technology to be scaled to sizes compatible with computer workstation (17–21 in. diagonal) applications.
13.2: Support Design for Reducing the Sag of Horizontally Supported Sheets
Authors: Meda Gautam
Published: January 2005

At some stages in the manufacture of liquid crystal display panels, thin glass sheets are stacked horizontally in cassettes. The sheets sag to gravity; with the ever‐increasing sheet size and decreasing sheet thickness, the amount of sag has been increasing. Excessive sag is undesirable, since it limits the number of sheets that can be tracked in a cassette of given height. In this note, I describe some support designs that lead to reduced sag.
4.4: New Non‐Sulfur Containing Phosphor Triad For FED Displays
Authors: Goldburt E. T. , Bolchouchine V. A. , Levonovitch B. N. , Lichmanova V. N. , Sicignano A. , Sochtine N. P.
Published: January 2005

A new phosphor triad based on Ce‐doped yttrium orthosilicate blue phoshor was synthesized recently and will be reported on. Updated plasmon theory calculations were used to design these phosphors. Blue, green and red monochrome screens were fabricated. Cathodoluminescent data from these FED phosphors and screens will be reported. The cathodoluminescent efficiencies of these phosphors should result in a light output exceeding 6 lm/W in full‐color FED‐screens operating at 5 kV and 10 μA/cm2.
15.2: Ultra High Contrast Screen
Authors: Oda K. , Sekiguchi H. , Gotoh M.
Published: January 2005

A new type lenticular lens screen has developed. It realizes both high contrast and fine lenticular lens pitch that prevent appearing a moiré between lenticular lens and pixel of projector. It use a new principal to enhance contrast, which is an application of the difference between light pass of image light and that of ambient light.
15.4: Improvement of Brightness and Resolution of CRT Projection Lens for High Definition TV
Authors: Choi H. Y. , Yeo S. O. , Song J. H. , Moon H. J. , Park Man Hyo , Park Myung Ho
Published: January 2005

A new projection lens for high definition TV has been developed. The lens is designed to correct color aberration with diffractive optical element (DOE) and to realize the large numerical aperture (NA) lens. We have been able to improve the optical performance and brightness significantly without increasing the number of elements. The new projection lens has high brightness, high resolution and low manufacturing cost. This paper describes the design and fabrication of the hybrid projection lens with DOE for 56‐inch high definition CRT projection TV.
16.1: Invited Paper: Color Plasma Displays: Status of Cell Structure Designs
Authors: Doyeux Henri
Published: January 2005

The design of PDP cells remains a major issue for R&D teams, in terms of performances and costs. The paper will review and compare the existing options for all the 3 basic items: discharge configuration (ACM, ACC, others); barriers/phosphor shapes (channels, waffle type, conical holes,.); color cell arrangement (in‐line triads, delta,.).
18.1: On the Minimization of Flicker and Image Retention in Silicon Light Valves
Authors: Huang H. C. , Cheng P. W. , Kwok H. S.
Published: January 2005

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong We have performed a systematic characterization of flicker and image retention in silicon light valves. It was found that there were four mechanisms accounting for the flicker and image retention. These four mechanisms were residual DC charge on silicon surface, voltage holding ratio of the LC cell, voltage holding ratio of the silicon panel, and parasitic capacitor coupling. Causes of these mechanisms were identified and solutions for the minimization of flicker were found for each mechanism. Among these solutions, the frame rate multiplication was the most useful for all these four flicker mechanisms.
5.1: Development of In‐Plane EPD
Authors: Kishi E. , Matsuda Y. , Uno Y. , Ogawa A. , Goden T. , Ukigaya N. , Nakanishi M. , Ikeda T. , Matsuda H. , Eguchi K.
Published: January 2005

An in‐plane electrophoretic display has been developed aiming at a paper‐like‐display. Prototype displays exhibit a bright and clear appearance just like copies on paper, excellent stability against deformation and memory behavior. Essential characteristics for passive matrix addressing based on a control electrode system are achieved in structural or electric barrier type implementations.
19.1: Invited Paper: Printing Processes for the Vacuum Free Manufacture of Liquid Crystal Cells with Plastic Substrates
Authors: Randler M. , Lueder E. , Frey V. , Brill J. , Muecke M.
Published: January 2005

Printing processes for etch resist, alignment layer, glue and also nematic and ferrorelectric LCs are presented. Special care is taken to print the FLC with the desired alignment. A comparison between knife coating with a doctor blade as well as flexographic and inkjet printing will be offered.
19.2: Development of a Chip Bonding Technology for Plastic Film LCDs
Authors: Park S. K. , Han J. I. , Kim W. K. , Kwak M. K.
Published: January 2005

A new technology realizing reliable interconnection between Plastic Film LCDs panel and a driving circuit was developed under the stepped processing condition of low temperature and pressure with ACFs for Plastic Film LCDs. The conduction failure of interconnection between the two resulted from elasticity, low thermal resistance and high thermal expansion of plastic film substrates. Conductive particles with elasticity similar to that of the plastic film substrate did not damage an ITO electrode on plastic film substrates, and low temperature and pressure in a stepped process also did not deform the surface of plastic film substrates. As a result highly reliable interconnection with minimum contact resistance was accomplished.
21.4: DLP Cinema™ Projectors: Enabling Digital Cinema
Authors: Hornbeck Larry J. , Darrow Douglas , Pettitt Gregory , Walker Brad , Werner Bill
Published: January 2005

Digital Light Processing™ projection displays span the gamut of applications from ultralight to ultrabright. DLP Cinema™ projection displays are the adaptation of conventional DLP™ projectors to meet the requirements of digital cinema. This paper describes DLP Cinema™ prototype projectors and ongoing field demonstrations of these prototypes in eighteen or more theater locations in North America, Europe and Japan.
5.3: Digital Paper™: Reflective Displays Using Interferometric Modulation
Authors: Miles M. W.
Published: January 2005

Reflective displays have been fabricated using Interferometric Modulators (IMods), which are interference based MEMS devices. The displays have exhibited reflectivities in excess of 80%, contrast ratios greater than 12:1, viewing angles up to ± 60°, and drive voltages < 5 volts. They are being developed for portable electronic applications, and their status will be discussed.
23.3: Light‐Efficient Liquid Crystal Displays Using Photoluminescent Color Filters
Authors: Njo Swie Lan , van Asselt Rob , Broer Dirk J. , de Witz Christiane M. R.
Published: January 2005

Liquid crystal displays using a UV backlight and photoluminescent color filter have the advantages of improved light utilization efficiency and wide viewing angle. In order to fully exploit these benefits, dedicated components are developed. Furthermore, technology needed to integrate these components and to make such a display are described.
23.4L: Late‐News Paper: Comparison of Nematic Hybrid and Discotic Hybrid Films as Viewing Angle Compensator for NW‐TN‐LCDs
Authors: Satoh Y. , Mazaki H. , Yoda E. , Kaminade T. , Toyooka T. , Kobori Y.
Published: January 2005

We compared the viewing angle performance of NW‐TN‐LCDs compensated with hybrid‐aligned discotic (DH) and hybrid‐aligned nematic (NH) films. We find that the DH films give superior contrast over wider viewing angles than the NH films, but that the NH films show less color shift at wider angles with better gray scale stability. We conclude that DH films are most suitable for data viewing in notebook computer displays and desktop monitors, whereas NH films are more suitable for viewing natural images in television and multimedia applications.
24.2: A Novel Amorphous Silicon Phototransistor Array for Name Card Reading
Authors: Ryu Jai Il , Won Sung Hwan , Jang Jin , Jang Gyu Jung , Lee Cheor Woo , Jung Suk Tae
Published: January 2005

We developed an image sensor of an 83.6 × 53.2 mm2 phototransistor array for direct reading of name card using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H). We adopted microcrystalline Si in the n‐i‐p‐i‐n a‐Si:H phototransistor and optimized the i and p‐layer thicknesses. A maximum illumination‐to‐dark current ratio of ∼ 107 and dynamic range of 154 dB are observed at a bias voltage VB = −0.1 V. We fabricated a small prototype, having 440 × 280 pixels with a 190 μm pixel pitch.
24.3: In‐Plane‐Gate Transistors for AMLCD
Authors: Muravski A. A. , Yakovenko S. Ye. , Crell C. , Wieck A. D.
Published: January 2005

We present a new kind of transistors for thin film transistors (TFT) matrix in active matrix liquid crystal displays (AM LCD), the in‐plane‐gate transistors. Direct current properties of such TFTs are investigated and their advantages as compared to conventional TFTs are discussed.
25.2: Invited Paper: Implications of Super High Resolution to Array Testing
Authors: Freeman David , Hawthorne Jeff
Published: January 2005

In the later half of 2000, display manufacturers will begin mass producing displays with resolutions from 150 to 200 pixels/in. These displays will have a color sub‐pixel pitch of from 42 to 56 mm. For array inspection and test equipment, reduced pixel feature sizes and increased pixel counts will present new challenges in the areas of resolution, test time, and test coverage. The implications of these challenges for functional electrical testing will be discussed, and tradeoffs between test coverage and test time will be presented.
27.3: Invited Paper: Prospects of Large Size TV Displays using LCD
Authors: Nishizawa Taiji
Published: January 2005

In this paper, the change of TV viewing styles is discussed based on the result of the consumer survey. Then the market of LCD TVs is forecasted. Picture formats and screen sizes for LCD TVs are discussed. Picture quality is compared between CRT TVs and LCD TVs. Then several quality items of LCD TVs such as contrast ratio, viewing angle, response speed and color reproduction are discussed. Subjective assessment methods of picture quality are introduced. Finally examples of specifications of LCD TVs commercially available on the market are given.
28.1: Novel 20‐inch Color Field Emission Display Prototype
Authors: Guo Tailiang , Huang Zhenwu , Wu Xinkun , Lin Jianguang , Lin Zhixian , Zeng Yibin , Liu Zhengyu , Zhang Deying
Published: January 2005

The fabrication processes and the display characteristics of color field emission display (FED) with screen diagonal of 20‐ inch were described. FEDs were developed with thin film, screen‐print and surface activation techniques. They could display Chinese characters, English letters and simple cartoon images in 50 Hz. The pixel size of FED prototype was 0.15×0.5 mm2 for color FED or 0.5×0.5 mm2 for monochrome FED. The pixel number was 358×358×3 for color FED or 358×358 for monochrome FED. The thickness of FED panel was about 2.2 mm. Under about 300V anode bias, the maximum emission current of one pixel of monochrome FED was about 26 mA and the screen brightness of monochrome FED with conventional CRT phosphors was 300 cd/m2.
LP‐1: Late‐News Poster: Polysilicon TFT Display Driver Circuits on Stainless Steel Foil Substrates
Authors: Afentakis Themis , Stewart Mark , Howell Rob , Hatalis Miltiadis K.
Published: January 2005

We have demonstrated the performance of circuits on stainless steel and compared them to those fabricated on quartz substrates. We have modeled the substrate dependence of the minimum and maximum operating frequency of a Shift Register, and found close agreement with our experimental measurements. This model can be used as a design guideline for future development of circuits on conducting substrates.
P‐12: The Effects of Simulated Texture Flow Rates on Estimates of Time‐to‐Collision
Authors: Grutzmacher Richard P. , Geri George A. , Pierce Byron J.
Published: January 2005

The ratio (τ) of a target's angular size to the rate of change in its angular size can be used by observers to judge the time remaining before they will collide with the target. We consider here whether texture flow rates (i.e., optical flow rates), consistent with simulated observer motion, affect judgments of time‐to‐collision (TTC). TTC was estimated for various relative velocities of the observer and a circular target. Relative velocity was varied such that the proportion of the total closing velocity attributable to the observer was either 0.0, 0.33, 0.67, or 1.0. Since the closing velocity between the observer and target was held constant, visual information for τ was the same under all test conditions. However, visual information (i.e., texture flow rate) for simulated self‐motion was varied. The Weber fraction for estimated TTC progressively decreased as the proportion of observer motion increased, indicating that estimated TTC decreased as texture flow rate increased. This result has practical implications for judging TTC in high‐fidelity flight simulators, since the rendering of terrain texture detail directly affects both texture flow rates and the perception of self‐motion, either of which may effect estimated TTC.
P‐13: New 23‐in. Dyna‐Flat CDT
Authors: Lee B. Y. , Kim N. H. , Kim M. S. , Kim H. C. , Kim Y. S. , Kang M. G. , Jung S. B.
Published: January 2005

According to our new 23 inch CDT's, screen distortion can be reduced without a concave portion as compared with conventional flat‐type CDT's in which the central portion of a panel appears to be inwardly curved. A better impact strength can be achieved by making a shadow mask cylindrical curvature horizontal direction. In order to attain high resolution without a focus difference between left and right side beams, a coma compensator is employed, and a rectangular deflection yoke is employed for saving energy.
P‐32: Feasibility of Laterally‐Emitting Thin‐Film Electroluminescent (LETFEL) Devices for an Opto‐Electronic Integrated Circuit (OEIC)
Authors: Theng P. S. , Cranton W. M. , Thomas C. B. , Tsakonas C. , Stevens R.
Published: January 2005

The feasibility of developing the Laterally‐Emitting Thin‐Film Electroluminescent (LETFEL) device for an Opto‐Electronic Integrated Circuit (OEIC)—a LETFEL device with its corresponding on‐board electronic driver—has been investigated as an alternative low‐cost, high‐resolution, high‐intensity, integrated light source for optical image applications.
P‐40: New Vacuum Packaging Using Wire‐Heater and Optical Fiber Spacer for FED
Authors: Lee Duck‐Jung , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Lee Yun‐Hi , Oh Myung‐Hwan , Jang Jin
Published: January 2005

We suggested a new FED packaging technology using the localized heating method of glass frit and a high aspect ratio spacer formation technology using the optical fibers. A nickel wire heater of 300 μm diameter was used to melt the glass frit and to activate a getter. The FED panel was vacuum packaged in 230 °C by applying current to wire. The optical fiber spacer of 100 μm diameter was built to 300 μm as mesh type. Through the leakage test, we confirmed that the panel was hermetic sealed. As a result, the electron emission was successfully obtained in 1.25‐inch packaged FED panel.
P‐41: The Measurement of the Electric Field in a Surface‐Type AC Plasma Display Panel Cell by Laser‐Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Jung Hun , Lee Jun Hak , Whang Ki‐Woong , Choi Young Wook
Published: January 2005

The temporal variations of the electric field in a surface‐type AC (alternating current) PDP (plasma display panel) cell were measured using the laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The wall voltage showed dynamically different behavior dependent upon the discharge condition during the pulse‐on and the pulse‐ off period. The wall voltage decreased as the MgO surface of the panel was deteriorated by the discharge and this phenomenon caused the increase of the minimum sustain voltage.
P‐42: The Three‐Dimensional Analysis for the Discharge of Plasma Display Panel by Optical Emission Measurement
Authors: Choi Hoon‐Young , Lee Seung‐Gol , Kim Joon‐Yub , Tae Heung‐Sik , Lee Seok‐Hyun
Published: January 2005

We measured 3‐dimensional images of the light emitted from plasma display panel(PDP) by using newly proposed scanned point detecting method(SPDM). The SPDM has the point detector with pinhole. The light emitted from PDP cell at the in‐focus position can pass through the pinhole and be collected by detector. But, the light emitted from PDP cell at the out‐of‐focus positions is focused on the front of or the behind of the pinhole. That is, it is intercepted by the pinhole.

We could analyze the characteristic of 3‐dimensional discharge in PDP cell from the measured 3‐dimensional light emission distributionbySPDM.

From 3‐dimensional measurement, we know that as the sustain voltage increases, the intensity of detected light increases and the position of the maximum intensity moves to the outside from the electrode gap. The emitted light distributions on the ITO electrode show the stronger light intensity at the near to the electrode gap than at the outside.

Also, we know that 2‐dimensional simulations under the assumption that neglects the variation of parallel direction with electrode do not agree with 3‐dimensional experiment results that consider the variation of parallel direction with electrode.
P‐43: Improvement of Luminous Efficiency by a Novel Sustaining Waveform for Plasma Display Panels
Authors: Lo Shin‐Tai , Chen Chern‐Lin , Lee Kun‐Ming , Huang Jih‐Fon
Published: January 2005

In the commercializing process of plasma display panels, enhancing the luminous efficiency of the panel to reduce the power consumption is one of the most imminent objectives. A novel sustaining waveform with higher luminous efficiency and its corresponding energy‐recovery driving circuit are proposed. Under the experiment of a 42‐inch plasma panel, the luminous efficiency is enhanced more than 30%. The proposed sustaining waveform can also be operated at the appropriate frequency around 180kHz to get the large margin of the sustaining voltage.
P‐48: Influence of MgO Protecting Layer on the Response Time in AC‐PDP
Authors: Choi Tae Wan , Kim Jin Young , Kang Seong Ho , Kim Jeong Jun , Bae Hyung Kyun
Published: January 2005

Discharge response time influenced by MgO protecting layer was investigated. A quantitative analysis of the impurity levels of the target materials either for electron beam evaporation and for sputtering method for MgO films revealed that the target purity and deposition temperature are key factors in determining response time in AC‐PDP.
P‐51: (Ne, He)‐Xe Gas Mixtures for Stable Discharge Characteristic in Color AC PDP
Authors: Kim Won Tae , Park Hun Gun , Ryu Jae Hwa
Published: January 2005

For color plasma display panel, discharge characteristic is one of the most important part. Proper gas mixture matched to the panel is needed for using effective energy recovery circuit and decreasing the power consumption. In this paper, we suggest new types of gas mixture; (Ne:He‐7:3)‐(∼10%Xe) to achieve good performance for driving waveform as the function of gas pressure, Xe mixing ratio, He to Ne mixture etc. As increasing Xe, He mixing ratio and gas pressure lead to the decreasing of delay time and increase the luminance efficiency.
P‐53: A New Super Reflective Color (SRC) LCD with Improved Red Color by Using a Color‐Polarizer
Authors: Ozeki Masao , Kojima Seiji , Hirai Yoshinori , Soda Yuji , Akatsuka Minoru , Itoh Masami
Published: January 2005

A New SRC has been developed. It shows vivid red color realized by using color‐polarizer, which has the property that the polarizing efficiency of red and blue color is lower than that of green color. A New SRC will be an excellent candidate for portable reflective color display with high brightness and simple structure.
P‐54: Reflective Liquid Crystal Display Using 0°‐Twisted Half‐Wave Cell
Authors: Yoon T.‐ H. , Lee G.‐ D. , Kim G.‐ H. , Kim S.‐ C. , Park W. S. , Kim J. C. , Lee S. H.
Published: January 2005

We propose optical configurations for reflective liquid crystal displays that can be applied to most of display modes with the 0° twisted state. Optimized configuration can be obtained by using a cell with quarter‐wave retardation or with half‐wave retardation. Especially, a half‐wave reflective cell provides the highest brightness in the bright state as well as the lowest brightness in the dark state. By fabricating reflective half‐wave cells, we demonstrated high brightness as well as the high contrast ratio of 20:1.
P‐56: New Reflective BTN LCD Modes with a Rear Retardation Film
Authors: Xie Z. L. , Cheng H. F. , Xu S. Y. , Gao H. J. , Kwok H. S.
Published: January 2005

The contrast ratios of new reflective bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays with rear quarter‐wave film are optimized by means of a parameter space approach. Both the absolute reflectance and the wavelength dispersion of two bistable twisted states are investigated. The simulation results show that super‐high contrast ratio, reflectance about 95% with polarized‐light‐input, large dΔn (0.63 μm) and little dispersion are possible for such reflective bistable liquid crystal display.
P‐61: Mesogenic Poly Network Stabilized Twisted Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal‐Display Exhibiting Fast Response Speed
Authors: Li Jianjun , Huang Ximin
Published: January 2005

The effects of polymer network polymerized under UV irradiation to electro‐optic characteristics of twisted ferroelectric liquid crystal(TFLC) have been studied. Optical and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were used to investigate the molecule texture and polymer network structure. The results show that new polymer network stabilized TFLC display exhibits not only a fine “V” shape electro‐optic property but also a fast respond speed(decay time< 2ms) and high contrast ratio (30:1).
P‐72: Ionic Effects in Bistable Reflective Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Mi Xiang‐Dong , Yang Deng‐Ke
Published: January 2005

We have found that ionic effects play an important role in driving cholesteric liquid crystal displays. The ions change the effective electric field inside the liquid crystal and help to create nucleation seeds for transitions. These effects reduce the driving voltages by about 10%, make the response of the liquid crystal faster, and result in a higher contrast ratio.
P‐78: Study of Cell Gap Tolerance in Finger‐on‐Plane (FOP) LCD
Authors: Chuang L.‐S. , Chang C.‐C. , Chen J.‐H. , Tai Y.‐H. , Bair W.‐F. , Chen C.‐C
Published: January 2005

We have studied the cell gap tolerance for Finger‐on‐Plane (FOP) LCD. The two electrodes of FOP, a finger structure on top of a plane seperated by an insulting layer, are both made of Indium‐Tin‐Oxide (ITO). Our simulation results show that FOP has larger cell gap tolerance than IPS does for optimized •nd. The experimental measurements of the test samples also sopport this finding. We have implemented the results to design a 12.4′ SXGA FOP TFT‐LCD with a 6‐mask process flow. The resulting tranmittance is about 80% of the conventional TN LCD.
P‐82: Diffraction Limited Resolution and Maximum Contrast for Scanning Displays
Authors: Urey Hakan
Published: January 2005

This paper discusses the theoretical limits for resolution (number of pixels) and maximum contrast for clipped Gaussian and Uniform profile beams in scanning display systems. The results are applicable to scanning microdisplays (e.g. Virtual Retinal Display™) and scanning projection displays.
35.2: Direct Observation of Disclination Evolution in Vertically Aligned Liquid Crystal Light Valves
Authors: Zhang Shiyong , Lu Minhua , Yang K. H.
Published: January 2005

The dynamic evolution processes of fringe‐field induced disclinations of vertically aligned LC light valves were directly imaged for the first time by using a CCD camera with 1 ms time resolution. Various switching patterns corresponding to different fringe fields, full off (dark) to full on (bright), interlaced column on and off to full on, checkerboard on to full on, have been studied. Experimental results show that, due to the elastic coupling, the transformation speed of LC directors at the location of disclination between two topologically in‐equivalent states depends strongly on display patterns. The observed transformation speed varies from milliseconds to about one second, depending on the alignment conditions.
9.3: High Contrast Color Splitting Architecture Using Color Polarization Filters
Authors: Robinson Michael G. , Korah John , Sharp Gary , Birge Jonathan
Published: January 2005

A high performance color management architecture is presented for the projection of liquid crystal on silicon microdisplays. Based on ColorLink's ColorSelect™ polarization filter technology, and used in conjunction with polarizing beamsplitters, the system gives excellent performance with black to white contrast >500, transmission >50% and standard primary color coordinates at f/2.5. Low cost polarizing beamsplitters can be used without significant performance degradation placing this ColorQuad™ architecture in the forefront of future three panel projection systems.
39.1: Invited Paper: Displays for Location Based Entertainment
Authors: Haseltine Eric C.
Published: January 2005

As advanced new technologies such as HDTV, broadband and ultra‐high performance 3D game engines make their way into consumer's living rooms, Location Based Entertainment (LBE) venues will be hard pressed to deliver high‐impact experiences that cannot be had in the home. This presentation will summarize the unique requirements of LBE's and describe several ways in which LBE displays might differentiate themselves from home entertainment technologies over the next 5 years. Examples to be discussed include auto‐stereo systems, enhanced reality displays, infinity optics, and very wide field of view immersive displays.
40.2: Application of Organic Electroluminescent Device to Color Print Head
Authors: Tsuruoka Y. , Nakayama S. , Fukuda T. , Shimizu Y. , Kobori Y.
Published: January 2005

Organic electroluminescent (EL) devices were applied to the print head for portable color printers. Using the organic EL print head (ELPH) with an optimized structure as the light source, high quality full color prints were obtained by directly exposing image data onto instant color films. The test sample of ELPH used Alq3 for the emission layer. Each emission color was attained through color filters of R, G and B. The ELPH is quite effective for realizing a portable color printer featuring high display quality, high‐speed printing and low power consumption.
41.2: A Novel Driving Technique for a Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Microdisplay using non DC‐Balanced Waveforms
Authors: Takanashi Hidehiko , Takahashi Kenichi , Isozaki Tadaaki , Kurogoshi Shoko , Hashimoto Shun‐ichi
Published: January 2005

A new technique for driving surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals called monopolar pulse driving is proposed. A threshold voltage shift related to the surface interaction between FLC and alignment layers, opposite to an internal voltage accumulated in non DC‐balanced driving, operates to diminish the influence of the internal accumulation voltage, resulting in the durable driving.
17.5L: Late‐News Paper: Novel Host Materials for Efficient and Stable Phosphorescent OLED Devices
Authors: Becker Heinrich , Vestweber Horst , Gerhard Anja , Stoessel Philipp , Fortte Rocco
Published: January 2005

A new class of matrix materials for phosphorescent OLEDs has been developed. Those materials show significant advantages over the currently used class of carbazole based materials. Device lifetime could be prolonged by a factor of 6 while significantly improving power efficiencies.
53.2: New Driving Method of 1.35V Poly‐Si TFT‐t,CD for 720p Digital HDTV Projector
Authors: Uchino Katsuhide , Noda Kazuhiro , Kashima Tomohiro , Kitagawa Hideyuki , Maehima Toshikazu
Published: January 2005

A new driving method of a 1.35‐in. TFT‐LCD with million dots for a 720P digital HDTV projector has been developed. The key technologies to improve image quality for the digital HDTV LCD include the dot‐line inversion driving and the pre‐charging with 2‐step‐dot‐at‐a‐time scanning method. These technologies allow us to display high quality pictures required for the HDTV format.
37.1: Optical Approaches To Incorporation of Displays Within Eyeglasses
Authors: Spitzer M. B. , Aquilino P. D. , McClelland R. W. , Olson M. H. , Rensing N. M. , DiMarzio C. A. , Zavracky P. M. , Lemoncelli A. , Hilliar J.
Published: January 2005

We report the development of a new approach to design and fabrication of eyeglass‐based displays. The principal feature of this technique is the incorporation of an optical relay between the display and the eye within the eyeglass lens, and the incorporation of a display within the eyeglass temple. Color eyeglass‐based displays are described.
37.2: Gyricon Electric Paper
Authors: Howard M. E. , Richley E. A. , Sprague R. , Sheridon N. K.
Published: January 2005

The requirements for practical electronic paper are discussed. It is shown that the Gyricon is a strong candidate for such electronic paper applications. The means for addressing Gyricon sheets using a stylus array and patterned conductive islands is discussed.
39.3: Carbon Nanotube FED Elements
Authors: Uemura S. , Nagasako T. , Yotani J. , Shimojo T. , Saito Y.
Published: January 2005

We succeeded for the first time in installing carbon nanotubes to vacuum tubes as field emitters. The fabrication processes of carbon nanotube field emission displays (FEDs) are almost the same as those for vacuum fluorescent displays (VFDs). A carbon‐nanotube array was mounted on a cathode substrate in several ways. Surface treatment of fabricated carbon nanotube layers is important to emit electrons efficiently. Stable electron emission end adequate luminance of carbon nanotubes as field emitters were demonstrated using CRT‐lighting‐elements and VFD‐like flat panel displays. A lighting‐element is now undergoing a test of its lifetime under a dc12kV driving condition, suggesting a lifetime of over 10,000 hours.
40.3: Ultra‐High Brightness 1.8‐in. XGA poly‐Si TFT LCD
Authors: Uchino Katsuhide , Kashima Tomohiro , Abe Fumiaki , Hirano Masumi , Satoh Masahiko , Maekawa Toshikazu
Published: January 2005

A 1.8‐in. diagonal poly‐Si TFT LCD applicable to a full XGA format, well suited for displaying high luminance of 1800 ANSI lm, has been developed. We have optimized the pixel structure with an “advanced” on‐chip‐black matrix and developed a “Pre‐charging method” to achieve high luminosity. We also have developed “ghost‐free” circuitry to suppress a “ghost” effect, which frequently occurs in high resolution LCDs operated with high frequencies.
45.1: Analog Interface LSI for UXGA Color TFT‐LCDS
Authors: Nishimura K. , Ito M. , Hori Y. , Watanabe T. , Murata T. , Watanabe T.
Published: January 2005

A Analog Interface LSI (AIF‐LSI) for UXGA (1600 × 1200)displays has been developed by using Bi‐CMOS process. AIF‐LSI operates on an analog signal processing for conventional CRT compatible interface without any additional circuits. By using this AIF‐LSI, The TFT(thin film transistor) LCD module can display with full color (more than 16million colors simultaneously). This AIF‐LSI consists of clamp circuit, sync‐comparator, γ‐correction, sample & hold circuit, selector‐circuit and data‐inversion circuit.
Analytical model for thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays
Authors: Pauwels H. , Verweire B. , D'havé K. , Fornier J.
Published: January 2005

A simple model for thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays is presented, in which the typical thresholdless characteristic is caused by a negative interaction coefficient between the alignment layer and the liquid crystal. This negative interaction coefficient may be caused by the pairing of transverse dipole moments in adjacent layers. It causes a maximum tilt of the liquid crystal molecules in the zero‐field antiferroelectric equilibrium state, which then evolves gradually to the ferroelectric state with increasing electric field.
48.3: Interaction between size and eccentricity in motion detection at far periphery
Authors: Tsou Brian H. , Bautsch Holly S.
Published: January 2005

We studied motion detection at 45° and 60° eccentricities for various target sizes. At both eccentricities, threshold increases as target size decreases. For vertical motion, target size has a greater effect at 60° than 45°; for horizontal motion, target size had similar effects at 60° and 45°. Threshold ratio between 45° and 60° is predicted by the cortical magnification factor; however, in detecting vertical motion of smallest target (3°) with equal contrast the ratio correlates with dynamic acuity.
10.4: Phased Reset Timing for Improved Digital Micromirror Device™ (DMD™) Brightness
Authors: Doherty D. , Hewlett G.
Published: January 2005

A new DMD™ architecture and operation is described in which the DMD cells are horizontally partitioned into re se t groups, each of which is loaded and reset with time phasing. Phased reset operation of reset groups affords a significant improvement in brightness and picture quality by allowing a more efficient pulse width modulation pattern.
11.5L: Late‐News Paper: A Novel Wide‐Viewing‐Angle Motion‐Picture LCD
Authors: Nakamura H. , Miwa K. , Noguchi M. , Watanabe Y. , Mamiya J. , Watanabe J. , Nishiura Y. , Shinagawa Y.
Published: January 2005

Abstract: A prototype was developed of a novel display that includes a pi‐cell switching device with a special optical compensation system called a complementary pi‐cell structure(CPS) and a special drive method, called cyclic resetting(CR) drive. The pi‐cell is sandwiched between two optical films made of a negative Δn discotic liquid crystal (DLC), which is optically complementary to the pi‐cell. Thus, the CPS provides an extremely wide viewing angle. The CR drive method in which black voltage is applied to a pixel for a fraction of each frame, enables impulsive emission which improves the quality of motion picture display.
12.4L: Late‐News Paper: Polymer LEDs for Edge‐Lighting Reflective LCDs
Authors: Bowley C. C. , Atirotpunya S. , Tuan D. T. , Colice C. M. , Crawford G. P. , Yang Y.
Published: January 2005

We present a study on the use of Polymer Light Emitting Diode (PLED) materials as possible integrated edge lighting components for reflective liquid crystal displays. The use of PLEDs for illumination of reflective displays does not compromise the positive attributes of portable reflective display technology; such as lightweight, thin and compact construction, and low‐power consumption. We have optimized the peak reflectance of a cholesteric reflecting cell with the emission spectrum of an PLED, and compared the important optical parameters to other illumination sources.
13.3: A Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Evaluation of the Effects of CRT Mask Structure on Character Readability
Authors: Sluyterman A. A. S.
Published: January 2005

Theoretical analysis supported by simulation experiments have shown that the hexagonal mask structure shows a more consistent reproduction of characters than the aperture grille or slotted mask structures, in particular when the applied pixel size in reduced to an extent that it approaches the horizontal pitch of the tube.
14.2: Monolithic Integration of Poly‐Si FEA and TFT for Active‐Matrix FEDs
Authors: Song Y.‐H. , Lee J. H. , Kang S.‐Y. , Park J.‐M. , Cho K. I.
Published: January 2005

We present integration of polycrystalline silicon field emitter array (poly‐Si FEA) and thin‐film transistor (TFT) on an insulating substrate for active‐matrix field emission displays (AMFEDs). The TFT was designed to have low off‐state currents even though at a high drain voltage. The integrated poly‐Si TFT controlled electron emissions of the poly‐Si FEA actively, resulting in great improvement in the emission reliability along with a low‐voltage control, below 15 V, of field emission. The developed technology has potential applications in AMFEDs on glass substrates.
4.4L: Late‐News Paper: Ink‐Jet Printing Technology and Its Application in Polymer Multicolor EL Displays
Authors: Yang Y. , Bharathan J.
Published: January 2005

Inkjet printing (IJP) technology is a popular technology for desktop publishing. In this abstract, we present the first successful demonstration of patterning the polymer electroluminescent devices using the IJP technology. The use of this concept represents a whole new technology of fabricating polyemr multicolor displays with high precision lateral patterning capability.
15.2: A 42″ PALC Display With Wide Viewing Angle Using ASM Mode
Authors: Yamada N. , Himejima K. , Akai T. , Uede H. , Imai M. , Endo K. , Kakizaki T. , Van Gelder R. , van Winsum C.
Published: January 2005

A 42″ diagonal PALC display with VGA resolution has been developed. The new display shows the suitability of the PALC technology for large area flat panel displays. An advanced ASM mode has been developed and applied, resulting in a wide viewing angle. LCD technology has an intrinsic high daylight contrast and the display brightness can be independently adjusted by the backlight. By these properties the new 42″ PALC display can be effectively applied as wall‐hanging TV, or other applications where a combination of high brightness, large viewing angle, and daylight contrast is required.
16.2: Influence of rough surface upon optical characteristics of reflective LCD with a polarizer
Authors: Itoh Yasuhisa , Fujiwara Sayuri , Kimura Naofumi , Mizushima Shigeaki , Funada Fumiaki , Hijikigawa Masaya
Published: January 2005

We have developed bright 260,000‐color “High Reflective TFT (HR‐TFT)” liquid crystal display (LCD) with diffused “Micro Reflective Structure (MRS)” inside a panel. In this paper, influences of rough surface upon the optical characteristics of the reflective type LCD are discussed.
18.2: Thin Coating of Anti‐Smudge Layer for AR Film on CRTs
Authors: Hanaoka H. , Ito O. , Kaneko K. , Kondo H.
Published: January 2005

A coating method and process of an anti‐smudge layer on the Anti‐Reflection (AR) film are described. Several kinds of solvents were tested to achieve a very thin anti‐smudge layer using a direct gravure coater. Solvents for the anti‐smudge reagent were required suitable boiling point good volubility and low surface energy. Fluorinated solvents, i‐Propanol (IPA), and IPA mixed organic solvents met the requirements.

The addition of a catalyst prevented a back print, which was one of most important technical point for the roll‐to‐roll coating.

The film thickness of 3.5 nm exhibited excellent anti‐smudge property and also did not sigficantly affect AR properties.
19.2: Cell Structure and Driving Method of a 25‐in. (64‐cm) Diagonal High‐Resolution Color ac Plasma Display
Authors: Hirakawa H. , Katayama T. , Kuroki S. , Kanae T. , Nakahara H. , Nanto T. , Yoshikawa K. , Otsuka A. , Wakitani M.
Published: January 2005

We have developed the world's first 25‐inch diagonal high resolution color PDP (Plasma Display Panel) with 1280×1024 pixels (SXGA). The newly developed cell structure and a high speed driving method enable a wide operating voltage range and a 1.5μs scan/line addressing speed. These have made a high resolution color PDP with 0.39mm pixel pitch being a reality.
19.4: Improvement of Moving‐Video Image Quality on PDPs by Reducing the Dynamic False Contour
Authors: Shigeta T. , Saegusa N. , Honda H. , Nagakubo T. , Akiyama T.
Published: January 2005

To improve a PDP's moving picture quality, various methods have been developed to reduce the dynamic false contour. We propose a “Multi‐Level Sub‐field (MLS)” in which adjacent pixel's sub‐field bit sequence are changed, thus reducing the affect of the dynamic false contour.
20.2: A Simple Reflective TFT‐LCD Fabrication Using Four Photomask Processes
Authors: Yamaguichi Y. , Kanoh H. , Mukainari M. , Ikeno H. , Ikeda N. , Hayama H.
Published: January 2005

To reduce the production cost of reflective TFT‐LCDs, we have developed a method of fabricating TFT‐LCDS that is comprised of only four photo mask processes. Experimental black and white reflective LCDs fabricated with this method exhibit a lightness (L*) of 83, and no image parallax.
5.2: Grating Light Valve™ Technology: Update and Novel Applications
Authors: Amm D. T. , Corrigan R. W.
Published: January 2005

The Grating Light Valve (GLV™) technology offers a unique combination of extremely fast switching speed and the ability to withstand very high optical power densities. These and other attributes enable a novel architecture based on a scanned linear array of GLV pixels, which is described here for the first time. This architecture provides a number of advantages over conventional projection display systems that are based on either 2‐D spatial light modulators or scanned point systems. These advantages include scalability to very high spatial resolution, natural analog gamma response, high contrast and dynamic range, high optical efficiency, and low cost at production volumes.
23.1: IR Radiative Heating of CRTs
Authors: van der Tempel L. , Galenkamp H.
Published: January 2005

CRTs have been heated 2–3 times faster by infrared radiation than by convection. The infrared radiation is absorbed within the glass and by the inside coating in addition to the traditional outside heating. In this way both glass surfaces are compressed safely, if the radiation is distributed optimally over the glass thickness and the tube.
5.3: Reflective AM LCD for Projection Displays: D‐ILA™
Authors: Kurogane H. , Doi K. , Nishihata T. , Honma A. , Furuya M. , Nakagaki S. , Takanashi I.
Published: January 2005

We have developed reflective type activematrix LCD (D‐ILA) for projection display which produces extra‐bright, high resolution (true SXGA), and high contrast images.

The D‐ILA (Direct‐Drive Image Light Amplifier) device is based on a silicon LSI to get high reflectivity and it achieves a contrast ratio of 1000:1 by homeotropic liquid crystal alignment.