bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eski Babil Dönemi’nde Kralların Gözü - Kulağı: Casuslar ve Casusluk Faaliyetleri
Authors: Böyükulusoy Kadir , Ay Şafak Filiz
Published: December 2024

Bu makalede Eski Babil Dönemi’ndeki (~MÖ 1894-1595) casuslar ve casusluk faaliyetlerinin dönemin yazılı belgelerinden yararlanılarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkçe literatürde çok az işlenen bu konuyla ilgili antik ve modern kaynaklardan da yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmamızda Eski Babil Dönemi’ndeki casuslar ve diğer haber getirenler, bilgi toplama teknikleri, istihbaratın iletilmesi ve dezenformasyon gibi konular dönemin çağdaş krallıklarının yazılı metinleri ile birlikte ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Casuslar yazılı belgelerde kralların gözleri ve kulakları olarak geçmektedir. MÖ 2. binyılda mesleği casusluk olan kişilerin yanı sıra vassallar, elçiler, kraliçeler, prensesler ve tüccarlar da bilgi toplayıp krallara iletmişlerdir. Yazılı ya da sözlü olarak getirilen bilgilerin doğruluğunun çeşitli yollarla kontrol edildikten sonra krala iletildiğine ilişkin kayıtlar da vardır. Casusluk faaliyetlerinin hem savaş hem de barış dönemlerinde yürütüldüğü, aralarında dostluk ilişkisi olan kralların bile casusları aracılığıyla birbirleri hakkında bilgi edinmeye çalıştıkları ve bir süre sonra müttefikliklerinin düşmanlığa dönüştüğü de görülmektedir. Bu faaliyetlerin iyi bir şekilde yürütülerek bilgilerin toplanması, siyasi ve askeri alanda başarılı olunmasını sağlamıştır. MÖ 3. binyıl yazılı belgelerinde ilk izlerine rastladığımız ve MÖ 2. binyılda neredeyse kurumsal bir yapıya bürünen casusluk faaliyetlerinin günümüzde de devam etmesi, bu mesleğin! uzun bir geçmişe sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
A Material Ecocritical Elucidation of Augusta Webster’s “Medea In Athens”, “In an Almshouse”, and “A Dilettante”
Authors: Bulut Sarıkaya Dilek
Published: December 2024

In addition to her being an avid campaigner of women’s suffrage and education rights, Augusta Webster (1837-1894) is a profoundly important 19th century Victorian female poet who recurrently hearkens to the necessity of obliterating boundaries, dualities, and hierarchical divisions between humans and the physical universe. Diverging from Victorian industrial society’s general propensity of perceiving nature as an inanimate commodity material to be used and abused, Webster, in her poems, captures a biological and a material understanding of the universe in which every natural entity is embedded with actively dynamic agency and vitality. Within this incessantly vibrant universe, humans’ deepest situatedness and innate connectedness to the rest of nature are repeatedly underscored in Webster’s poetry, which shows a sharp contrast to the anthropocentric assumptions of her epoch about humans’ being disparately privileged species on earth. In this regard, the main goal of this study is to analyze Augusta Webster’s “Medea in Athens”, “In an Almshouse”, and “A Dilettante” from the perspective of a recently emerging critical theory of material ecocriticism to reveal Webster’s uniquely significant ecological consciousness about the vital materiality of the universe. These poems are particularly significant in their painstaking effort to unfold the material consanguinity between human-nonhuman beings.
Tiyatro Oyuncuları Arasında Sınıfsal Eşitsizliğin Yeniden Üretiminde Sosyal Sermayenin Rolü
Authors: Karadağ Murat , Poyraz Tuğça
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tiyatro oyuncularının istihdam ve kariyer süreçlerindeki sınıfsal eşitsizliğin yeniden üretilmesinde sosyal sermayenin ne şekilde rol oynadığını anlamaktır. Bu amaçla, Ankara’da bulunan ödenekli ve özel tiyatrolarda çalışmakta olan 19 tiyatro oyuncusu ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen nitel verinin çözümlenmesiyle tiyatro oyuncuları arasında eşitsizliğin yeniden üretiminde sosyal sermayenin hangi şekillerde rol oynadığını ifade eden üç temaya ulaşılmıştır: “Aile: oyunun içine doğmak”, “aidiyetler: alana giriş biletleri” ve “piyasa ilişkileri”. Tiyatro oyuncularının mesleki kariyerlerinde asli sosyalizasyon sürecinden başlayıp tali sosyalizasyon süreçlerine dek sahip olunan sosyal ilişki ağlarının hem istihdam hem de mesleki ödüller açısından önemli roller oynadığı görülmüştür. Öte yandan günümüz yaratıcı ve kültürel endüstrilerinde hâkim olan ticarileşmenin istihdam ve kariyer süreçlerinde yarattığı belirsiz ve güvencesiz koşullar karşısında sosyal sermayenin tiyatro oyuncuları açısından öneminin daha da arttığı ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın bulguları, tiyatro gibi meritokratik söylemin hâkim olduğu bir alanda sosyal sermaye aracılığıyla sosyal kapanmanın ne şekilde geliştiğini ortaya koyarak toplumsal eşitsizlik literatürüne katkı sağlamaktadır.
İstanbul Büyük Saray Mozaikleri Müzesindeki Grifon Tasvirleri Bağlamında Bizans ve Türk Sanatındaki Grifon Örneklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Özkaymak Bilge
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, Bizans Büyük Sarayı’nın revaklı avlusunda bulunan mozaik döşemede yer alan grifon tasvirleri ele alınmış, kurgusal ifadeli grifon figürlerinin Bizans sanatındaki farklı kullanımları da göz önünde bulundurularak aynı kavramların Türk sanatında ne şekilde ifade edildikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bazı Bizans grifon örneklerinin Türk sanatındaki M.Ö. IV- V. yüzyıla tarihlendirilen grifonların özellikleri ile benzeşmesinden dolayı Türk sanatındaki örneklerin, Bizans sanatındaki bazı grifon tasvirlerine ilham vermiş olabileceği fikri üzerinde durulmuştur. Aynı şekilde bazı erken Bizans örneklerinin daha geç dönemli olan Türk grifonları ile olan benzerliklerine de değinilerek iki kültür arasındaki etkileşim vurgulanmıştır. Farklı çeşitlerde grifon tasvirlerine rastlanmasına rağmen genelde kartalın ve aslanın bir araya gelmesi ile oluşan bu fantastik figür, pek çok toplumun mitolojisinde ve dolayısıyla sanatında kullanılmıştır. Bu hayal ürünü yaratıklar, genel olarak kartal başlı, aslan gövdeli ve kanatlı olarak ya da kartal gövdeli ve aslan başlı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Grifon tasvirleri, toplumların zanaatçılarının farklı bakış açılarıyla şekillenerek zaman zaman değişik yorumlarla betimlenmiş olmalarına rağmen genelde, her toplumun kendine göre oluşturduğu bir grifon stili vardır ve toplumlar sanatlarında genellikle bu alışılagelen üsluptaki tasvirleri kullanmışlardır. Ayrıca, toplumların bu stillerin oluşumunda diğer toplumlardaki grifon tasvirlerinden etkilenmeleri de kaçınılmaz olmuştur.
NORMATIVAS PARA EL PROCESO DE ÍNFIMA CUANTÍA EN EL GAD PARROQUIAL SAN ISIDRO
Authors: Del Pino Yépez Gladys Mabel , Cedeño Cuadros Arleth Milena
Published: December 2024

El estudio evidenció una problemática de la aplicación inconsistente de normativas, afectando la transparencia y eficiencia en la gestión de recursos públicos, en este sentido, el objetivo principal fue analizar cómo se aplican estas normativas en el GAD Parroquial San Isidro. Se empleó una metodología mixta, utilizando la entrevista y encuestas para recolectar datos, complementada con análisis FODA, MEFI y MEFE para evaluar factores internos y externos. Los resultados indican que, el 60% de los funcionarios tiene un buen conocimiento de las normativas y el 60% cree que generalmente se cumplen, la etapa de planificación presenta el 80% de los incumplimientos, con errores financieros como los más comunes (60%). La entrevista con el presidente del GAD destacó que aseguran el cumplimiento mediante capacitaciones continuas, actualización de procedimientos y supervisión de los vocales.
EL TALENTO HUMANO Y LA APLICACIÓN DE LA NORMA DE CONTROL INTERNO 407-04 EN EL GAD-PEDRO CARBO
Authors: Calle García Aldrin Jefferson , López Plúa Naydelin Naomi
Published: December 2024

El estudio aborda la problemática de la aplicación inconsistente de la Norma de Control Interno 407-04 en la gestión de talento humano del GAD-Pedro Carbo, con un enfoque en la falta de supervisión y seguimiento continuo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal fue determinar cómo se aplica esta norma, evaluando el proceso de capacitación y mejorando la coordinación entre los departamentos del GAD. Utilizando una metodología mixta, cualitativa y cuantitativa, con encuestas y entrevistas a 140 funcionarios, los resultados indican que solo el 14% considera que la norma se aplica muy frecuentemente, mientras que el 36% cree que se aplica ocasionalmente. La satisfacción con las oportunidades de desarrollo profesional es baja, con solo el 14% muy satisfechos y un 29% neutral. Las principales barreras para la actualización de conocimientos son la falta de tiempo (36%) y recursos (29%).
PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA FINANCIERA DE LA EMPRESA SERVIPUERTOS S.A.
Authors: Toala Bozada Sandra Patricia , Sacón Loor María Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Este estudio sobre la planificación estratégica financiera en Servipuertos S.A. aborda la problemática de la adecuada integración de la gestión financiera en la planificación estratégica, identificando cómo esta relación afecta la rentabilidad y sostenibilidad de la empresa. El objetivo fue analizar la incidencia de la gestión financiera en la planificación estratégica para fortalecer la posición de la empresa en el mercado. Se utilizó una metodología mixta, incluyendo análisis deductivo, inductivo, analítico y estadístico, junto con encuestas y la entrevista. Los resultados mostraron que el 53% de los funcionarios considera que la disponibilidad de recursos financieros permite una mayor flexibilidad en la toma de decisiones estratégicas, mientras que el 63% valora como muy importante la realización de auditorías financieras periódicas. Las conclusiones señalan la necesidad de continuar mejorando las estrategias financieras para maximizar beneficios y mitigar riesgos, destacando la importancia de las auditorías para mantener la integridad financiera.
PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA Y SU IMPACTO EN LA GESTIÓN DEL CAMBIO ORGANIZACIONAL
Authors: Macías Manrique Mayra Marcela , Castillo Baque Mariana Lissette , Cedeño Zamora María Victoria , Delgado Casquete David Santiago , Figueroa O’brien Leonella Fernanda , Sánchez Quiroz Carla Janina , Velasquez Alcívar Melissa Nayely
Published: December 2024

Este estudio aborda la planificación estratégica y su impacto en la gestión del cambio organizacional, enfocándose en cómo esta herramienta permite a las organizaciones adaptarse a entornos dinámicos y mejorar su desempeño competitivo. Es por ello que, el objetivo central del estudio es analizar cómo la planificación estratégica integrada facilita la gestión del cambio en empresas globales, potenciando su capacidad de adaptación, eficiencia operativa e innovación tecnológica.La metodología utilizada se basó en un enfoque documental y descriptivo, mediante el análisis de casos empresariales y la revisión de literatura especializada. Este enfoque permitió identificar patrones comunes y diferenciadores en la implementación de la planificación estratégica y su relación con la gestión del cambio.Los principales resultados muestran que la planificación estratégica integrada es un factor determinante en la mejora de la adaptabilidad organizacional, la mitigación de la resistencia al cambio y el incremento en la eficiencia y rendimiento operacionales.
ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR: ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA SOSTENIBILIDAD EN LA GESTIÓN DE RECURSOS
Authors: Vera Calderón Tatiana Aracely , Castro Mora Marina Mabel , Candelario Reyes Sindy Marilyn , Cedeño Pilay Yuleidy Liseth , Contreras Jaramillo Madeline Lizeth , Gomez Wilson Josue Mateo
Published: December 2024

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las estrategias implementadas en la economía circular para promover la sostenibilidad, dado que parte de la problemática del agotamiento de recursos naturales y la creciente generación de residuos, proponiendo la economía circular como solución para optimizar el uso de materiales. La metodología incluyó un análisis de casos y una revisión exhaustiva de literatura de fuentes publicadas entre 2020 y 2024. Los resultados mostraron que la adopción de estrategias circulares como el ecodiseño y el arrendamiento de productos ha logrado reducir la producción de nuevos bienes en un 40% y aumentar la reutilización de recursos en un 60% en sectores como la tecnología. También se destaca la reducción de desechos en un 65% gracias a tecnologías como la impresión 3D. En conclusión, la transición a una economía circular maximiza el uso de recursos y disminuye el impacto ambiental, siendo importante el apoyo gubernamental y empresarial para su implementación a gran escala.
EFICIENCIA EN LA RECAUDACIÓN DE IMPUESTO DEL MUNICIPIO LOMAS DE SARGENTILLO: UN ENFOQUE PREDIAL URBANO
Authors: Tutiven Peñafiel Julissa Ximena , Soledispa Reyes Sara Geoconda
Published: December 2024

Esta investigación aborda la eficiencia en la recaudación del impuesto predial urbano y evaluación de la gestión del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Lomas de Sargentillo durante el periodo 2022-2023. El objetivo es analizar la efectividad de las estrategias de recaudación y su influencia en las finanzas públicas locales. Para ello, se aplicó una metodología mixta que incluyó entrevistas a los funcionarios de tesorería y encuestas a los ciudadanos del cantón. Los resultados revelaron incremento en el número de contribuyentes y pagos de impuestos 2022 - 2023, indicando mejoramiento en la recaudación. No obstante, se identificaron deficiencias en la cultura tributaria de la población, evidenciadas por conocimiento parcial sobre los procedimientos y fechas de pago. Impactando negativamente en la eficiencia del sistema de recaudación y limitación en la ejecución de proyectos. Además, se destaca la necesidad de reforzar las estrategias de educación y comunicación tributaria para mejorar el cumplimiento.
TALENTO HUMANO Y LA SELECCIÓN DE PUESTO DE TRABAJO DEL GOBIERNO AUTÓNOMO DESCENTRALIZADO PORTOVIEJO
Authors: Toala Bozada Sandra Patricia , Conforme Alarcón Leonardo Stiven
Published: December 2024

El estudio realizado en el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado (GAD) del cantón Portoviejo se enfocó en la gestión del talento humano y su influencia en el proceso de selección de personal. La problemática radicaba en la falta de un sistema estandarizado para la selección basado en méritos, lo que afectaba la eficiencia operativa. El objetivo fue analizar cómo la gestión del talento incide en la selección de puestos y proponer mejoras. Se empleó una metodología mixta que incluyó encuestas y la entrevista. Los resultados indicaron que el 80% de los empleados estaba satisfecho con el sistema de gestión, aunque el 40% consideró que el proceso de selección podría mejorar en cuanto a transparencia. Además, el 60% sugirió la actualización periódica del manual de puestos. En conclusión, una gestión eficaz del talento mejora la selección de personal, pero es necesario implementar un sistema de seguimiento y actualización del manual para garantizar su relevancia y efectividad.
EL ROL DE LA PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA EN EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE
Authors: Moreira Cañarte Cristhian Yamir , Alvarez Chamorro Nayommy Nicol , Chicaiza Tenorio Mayra Rocio , Choez Castro Jonathan Enrique , Delgado Casquete David Santiago , Maza Campoverde Paulina Anahi , Robles Lopez Glenda Maria
Published: December 2024

El estudio aborda la importancia de la planificación estratégica para promover el desarrollo sostenible en un contexto caracterizado por desafíos ambientales, sociales y económicos. Partiendo de la problemática de cómo integrar efectivamente los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en las estrategias organizacionales, el objetivo fue analizar cómo la planificación estratégica contribuye al logro de los ODS y promueve una gestión equilibrada y responsable. La metodología se basó en una revisión sistemática de estudios relevantes publicados entre 2020 y 2024, analizando varios documentos de alta calidad. Los resultados indican que la implementación de estrategias alineadas con los ODS favorece una mejora del 40% en la calidad de vida, una reducción de desigualdades en un 25%, una mayor transparencia en un 20%, y una disminución de la huella ambiental en un 15%. Se concluye que la planificación estratégica es esencial para guiar las políticas de sostenibilidad, optimizando recursos y fortaleciendo la resiliencia organizacional.
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY IN POPULAR CULTURE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN CARTOONS AND GAMES
Authors: S. de Oliveira Aldo , Justino Angelica , H. Doring Thiago , Nascimento Vanessa
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the representation of bioactive substances in popular culture, with a special focus on cartoons and games, through the lens of Medicinal Chemistry. We explore how these substances, often complex in their composition and effects, are reinterpreted and simplified to fit into fictional narratives, influencing the public perception of science. Taking iconic examples such
as “Alice in Wonderland”, “Mario Bros”, “Popeye”, and “Asterix and Obelix”, we analyze not only how science is interpreted but also how it is transformed into narrative elements, fueling imagination and shaping cultural perceptions. Furthermore, this research aims to fill a gap in the literature by introducing a multidisciplinary approach that integrates concepts of Medicinal Chemistry with media analysis and molecular modeling. The inclusion of these novel data and analyses not only enriches our understanding of representations of psychoactive substances in popular culture but also provides valuable insights for research in Medicinal Chemistry and the development of future pharmacological therapies. By highlighting the importance of public science communication and media literacy, this study contributes to promoting critical thinking and a broader appreciation of the intersection between science, popular culture, and entertainment.
A GREEN AND EFFICIENT HPLC-DAD METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN ORANGE WASTE
Authors: T. Ferreira Ranzeti Mirella , Cremasco Gabriela , Rinaldo Daniel
Published: December 2024

This study presents a sustainable high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for analyzing polar phenolic compounds in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) residues. Fractional factorial design was used to identify significant variables affecting method efficiency, which were subsequently optimized using Doehlert design. The optimized conditions were: initial ethanol percentage = 20%, final ethanol percentage = 75.3%, analysis temperature = 40 °C, percentage of acetic acid in water = 0.4%, flow rate = 0.5 mL min–1, time = 35 min, and C-18 column (250 × 4.6 mm). The method effectively separated and allowed the identification of phenolic acids, vitexin, and hesperidin, while adhering to green chemistry principles, making it a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods, complying with principles 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), bringing a low cost of analysis, with little energy expenditure, low toxic solvents from renewable sources, little waste generation and safety in operation.
CARACTERIZAÇÕES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS DAS CERÂMICAS DO SÍTIO ARQUEOLÓGICO ININGA, TERESINA, PIAUÍ
Authors: O. Lima Júnior Raimundo , P. dos Santos Lima Thamires , P. de Sousa Renato , O. de Barros Wilkins , B. Farias Filho Benedito , G. de Freitas Aline , Alves Correa Ângelo , S. M. Lage Maria Conceição
Published: December 2024

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF CERAMICS FROM THE ININGA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN TERESINA, PIAUÍ. This article aims to carry out a chemical and morphological study of ceramic artifacts prospected at the Ininga Archaeological Site, Teresina, PI, Brazil. These samples of historical value, which were produced by the Native American population of the Tupi ethnic group, were subjected to analysis by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (FRX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated that there are similarities between the ceramic fragments, both macro and microscopically, demonstrating that there is a similar origin and manufacturing method between them. Thus, suggesting that they were all produced by the same human group and the pieces are contemporary with each other. Through the studies it was also possible to determine the most abundant chemical and mineral elements in the sample composition. Given all the data observed, and with the help of the archeology team responsible for the Site, which provided important data regarding the ceramic culture of the Tupi people, it was possible to conclude that the present study is of unique importance for the Ininga Archaeological Site, as it refers to pioneering identification and characterization work that will serve as a basis for subsequent studies.
Sensitive Determination of Bisphenol A In Urine Using Automated Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS Analysis: Application to a Human Biomonitoring Study in Brazil
Authors: F. de Souza Camila , P. Peteffi Giovana , D. Loredo Cloé , F. Bastiani Marcos , P. Bondan Amanda , S. Grassi Giovanna , W. Ferrareze Carolina , Winter Paola , Z. Hahn Roberta , V. Antunes Marina , Linden Rafael
Published: December 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor present mostly in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy
resins, can migrate into food and beverages, resulting in human exposure. This study aimed to
develop and validate an improved liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS)
method for measuring BPA levels in urine, applying this method for BPA exposure evaluation
in a Brazilian cohort, along with BPA hair levels. Samples from 100 volunteers were collected.
Urine samples were extracted using an automated solid-phase extraction procedure. The assay
had a 6.5-min run time, a linear range of 0.10-25 ng mL-1, precision of 3.8-18.1%, and accuracy of
96.6-103.4%. BPA was detected in all tested urine samples (median 0.86 ng mL-1). In hair, 47% of
samples had detectable BPA concentrations (median 4.8 ng g-1). No correlation was found between
BPA levels in urine and hair. All levels were below the safety threshold, indicating minimal risk
for the studied population, with higher urinary BPA linked to canned product consumption and
higher hair levels to a healthier diet.
Shallow groundwater salinization risks under climate change: FEFLOW model application in Cebala Borj-Touil irrigation zone, northern Tunisia
Authors: Rzigui Houda , Bogacki Wolfgang , Hörmann Georg , Hachicha Mohamed
Published: December 2024

The Cebala Borj-Touil irrigation perimeter in the low valley of the Medjerda River is marked by a shallow saline groundwater rise. The seasonal water salinity shows a high spatial and temporal variation. This study introduces a novel methodological approach dealing with the data scarcity problem in a complex deltaic area, using only available data and numerical models. The numerical model FEFLOW was used to simulate the shallow groundwater flow and salt transfer. Several simulations were run to explore future trends of groundwater salinity under different climate change (CC) conditions. The results show a significant increase in water salinity under all the climatic scenarios. A 15% decrease in precipitation leads to an average increase in salinity of 10–15 g/l. The significant rise in sea level also affects the salinization process. The intrusion of seawater results in concentrations of salinity between 16 and 20 g/l. In addition, the quality of irrigation water has a marked impact, contributing to a significant increase in salinity, reaching a maximum of 15 g/l. These concerning results are to be expected, as the coastal study area is characterized by a semi-arid climate and is increasingly influenced by anthropogenic factors, including irrigation practices and drainage deficiency.
Microbial–physicochemical interplay in Iko River estuary, unraveling the hidden mystery in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons
Authors: Unimke Augustine , Okezie Onyemaechi , Agbo Bassey E. , Ugwu Joy C. , Ukeye Andrew A. , Ibiene Abiye A. , Okerentugba Phillip O.
Published: December 2024

The aquatic microbial communities are relatively complex with a high level of prokaryotic diversities. Standard and novel microbiological, analytical, and statistical techniques were employed in the collection, analysis, and comprehensive study of the samples. From the study, the mean values of total heterotrophic bacteria were determined to be 1.35 ± 0.18 (×107), 1.59 ± 0.64 (×107), and 1.56 ± 0.52 (×107) for upstream, midstream, and downstream, respectively, while the mean values for crude oil-utilizing bacteria were 1.08 ± 0.12 (×106), 1.28 ± 0.58 (×106), and 1.24 ± 0.44 (×106) for upstream, midstream, and downstream, respectively. The mean concentrations of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals obtained in the benthic sediment were significantly higher than the mean concentrations in the water samples (tidal and intertidal) (p < 0.02). The result of the component analysis of total petroleum hydrocarbons (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) revealed significantly higher levels in the sediment than tidal and intertidal water. Structural metagenomics revealed seven top phyla, namely, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Fusobacteria, and Chloroflexi. The significantly (p < 0.05) high levels of hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms in Iko River estuary can be taken as a sensitive index of environmental exposure to hydrocarbon pollutants in the estuary. This research revealed the response patterns of microorganisms to natural and anthropogenic gradients toward sustainability in Iko River estuary.
Technology evaluation and impact assessment of innovative wastewater treatment and resource recovery systems in Kanpur, India
Authors: Breitenmoser Lena , Rohrer Karina , Hooijmans Christine M. , Campling Paul , Kumar M. Dinesh , Anshuman  , Kazner Christian , Hugi Christoph
Published: December 2024

Resource recovery from wastewater treatment plants is crucial for India's circular economy, as emphasized by the national draft water reuse norms 2024. This study evaluated resource recovery technologies using circularity and sustainability assessment methods to inform technology selection. A multiple-criteria decision analysis compared three innovative and two reference treatment trains in Kanpur, India, based on treatment performance, costs, and resource recovery potential. Quantitative microbial risk and life cycle assessments further evaluated health and environmental benefits and burdens. Innovative systems, such as Andicos (ultrafiltration + co-digestion) and SFD-MBR (slow-forming dynamic membrane bioreactor) had slightly lower performance indices (ΔPI: 0.10–0.12) than the reference system MBR due to lower nutrient removal. The innovative systems generated 1.3 to 2 times more revenue from selling water, nutrients, and energy. Further, reusing nutrient-rich treated effluents for irrigation reduced eutrophication potential by 94%. Treatment trains with constructed wetland plus (CW+) achieved the highest faecal coliform (FC) removal, meeting reuse norms of <5 MPN/100 mL, potentially preventing up to 2,600 gastrointestinal infections annually among 4,000 farmers using the water for irrigation. This study highlights the potential environmental, health, and economic benefits of innovative wastewater treatment technologies for advancing resource recovery in India.
„Spowiedź żarliwego kinomana”, czyli inspiracje, budowa i styl plakatów filmowych Andrzeja Klimowskiego
Authors: Chojnacka Justyna
Published: December 2024

In 1972, Andrzej Klimowski quit his painting and sculpture studies at St. Martin School of Art in London and moved to Warsaw to study at Henryk Tomaszewski’s poster studio at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. Franz Kafka, Albert Camus, Jean Paula Sartre, Jean Luc Godard, Andrzej Munk are only some of his literary and movie fascinations. His works are soaked with the style of the silent cinema, film noir or paintings of René Magritte. Being under the strong influence of i. a. Jan Lenica and Roman Cieślewicz, he designs posters brimming with references to the history of art. Over time, he has created his own individual, signature style and Taxi Driver, Dead Man or The Godfather are only a part of his impressive portfolio. Klimowski explains that it is better for the final effect, if the content of works is more expanded and full of iconographic elements.The article presents and analyzes the works by Andrzej Klimowski, taking into account his inspiration, composition structure and execution of the design of movie posters.
Between the Film, the Poster, and the Viewer. A Case Study Based on Selected Posters by Mieczysław Wasilewski
Authors: Smaga Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

The creators of posters and films represent different artistic sensibilities, which stem from, among other things, their work in different media, resulting in contrasting viewer expectations of these cultural artefacts. A film introduces sequences of images and sounds in a specific time frame, and is therefore watched over a long period of time, during the tens of minutes allotted for its viewing. A poster, on the other hand, presents images and words in their graphic synthesis on a plane. It sends a concise message, because it is perceived “in passing” while its viewer is driving a car, waiting for a bus or buying a ticket. My research problem is related precisely to the communication method of this multi-semiotic, sensual, analytical duration of the film in the pictorial and verbal, conceptual, simplified poster “moment”. I decided to analyze this issue in the context of Mieczyslaw Wasilewski's work.
Andrzej Pągowski jako autor plakatów filmowych
Authors: Kornacki Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

Andrzej Pągowski claims that he does not like to repeat himself and each poster he creates is different – apart from repetitive workshop elements such as central composition or lettering at the top. Meanwhile, if we compare Pągowski’s posters side by side, we will notice their thematic and problematic repetition. This is not easy to achieve in poster art for two reasons: the thematic and stylistic differences of the illustrated films and the practical function of the poster. In the Polish People's Republic, the latter was not that important. Pągowski himself took care of the former, preferring strong representational elements (aggressive in reception, like in Eisenstein's work) and reaching for recurring motifs that create his own specific anthropology. Most often, it employs the motif of a face or an animal muzzle. Often, what is human and what is animal becomes intertwined with each other, because the foundations of Pągowski’s anthropology lie in biologism, naturalism and Freudianism. At the same time, Pągowski places the objects on the posters in an aesthetic key of surrealism, grotesque and macabre. If the poster is treated as an intersemiotic translation (in media, of course, ontologically quite distant from each other), then the three aspects of the translation can be distinguished: plot, form (genre, style) and meanings. Thus, it would be difficult, first of all, to guess the theme or plot of the film from many of Pągowski’s posters. Secondly, many posters do not provide any suggestion whatsoever as to the genre and style of the film, or they hint at it incorrectly. Thirdly, the meaning of the poster is either unclear or distant from the meanings of the screen original and exposes the above-mentioned anthropology of the creator. It can be said that Pągowski is an “authoritarian author”.
Wczesna dramaturgia Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza na współczesnej scenie. „Kwidama” potyczki teatralne
Authors: Gracla Jadwiga
Published: December 2024

The aim of this sketch is to show the stage potential of Iwaszkiewicz's text and to juxtapose it with the concept of Andrzej Dziuk, the creator of the stage realisation of the text. The play, entitled A Game for Everyone, was staged in 1984 at the Stary Theatre in Kraków. The performance utilised and creatively expanded elements characteristic of theatre: patterns, folk theatre characters, role-play awareness, text-performance. According to the author, Dziuk has aptly followed the tradition and tendency of the drama, and has used its theatrical potential. He has exposed the very aspects of theatricality, of play present in Iwaszkiewicz, taken from the theories of the author's contemporaries and using the experience of folk theatre, nativity plays and mysteries.
Spojrzenie wstecz. O dwóch wątkach prozy Marka Hłaski
Authors: Kopeć Zbigniew
Published: December 2024

Marek Hłasko’s prose won readers’ acclaim around the Polish October of 1956, and the writer himself became an important figure in literary world. The author considers to what extent Marek Hłasko’s work, the background of which was socialist realism, was considered attractive at that time because of the specific nature of the moment in which it was written, and to what extent it followed conventions that had been present in literature for a long time and dealt with important and well-established themes. Firstly, the author focuses on the similarities between the prose by Marek Hłasko and the prose by Ernest Hemingway, as indicated by critics (manner of narration, type of protagonist), and the legend accompanying both authors. Secondly, he takes The Graveyard (and the discussion it provoked) as a starting point, showing the problem of homelessness of an individual and of the whole society present in Hłasko’s prose. During the “Thaw”, this problem appeared in the prose of Marek Hłasko and in films included in the so-called “black series” of Polish documentaries. The proletarian prose of the interwar period, e.g. by Janina Brzostowska, Henryk Drzewiecki, Jan Dąbrowski, as well as in later works, e.g. by Tadeusz Konwicki or Janusz Głowacki, originates from the same sources that gave birth to Żeromski’s prose – social commitment, sensitivity and lack of acceptance for unjust forms of social life.
Tekst główny a tekst zależny. O wariacjach tworzenia fandomów i narracji transmedialnych wokół twórczości autorki-fanki
Authors: Żubryk Klaudia
Published: December 2024

The presence of popular culture fans has become all the more visible in the public space. Fandoms function by to their own rules, producing, to quote John Fiske, in three models: semiotic, textual and enunciative activity. Each of the activities that fit into the model is characterized by a distinct creative strategy – and the similar applies to fan fiction. This article is a case study dedicated to the works of one of the most popular authors of Polish fan fiction, ChoJulieSsie: the writing strategies, the reception practices of the work, and finally, the stimulation of the emergence of an engaged community and a distinct story breaking away from the original text. In the process of analysis, I use the categories of fan productivity and transmedia narrative to trace the way their community was formed. The main aim of this article is to outline the phenomenon of the emergence of a new fandom from an earlier one, being an extension and at the same time (in-)formation of a new transmedia narrative and the consequences of such practices.
Ludowy bohater i ludowy widz. Społeczno-kulturowe źródła filmowych preferencji polskiej widowni
Authors: Giza Barbara , Wenzel Michał
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of the study “Poles about Polish films. Opinions of Poles of the Polish Cinema and their Attitudes towards Polish Film Production. Social Research”, which was conducted in 2021 by the National Film Archive – Audiovisual Institute. We focus on the preferences of television viewers, indicating their favorite “countryside” films, especially the trilogy All Friends Here by Sylwester Chęciński. We attempt to interpret such audience choices through the strong roots Polish society has in the countryside, both in terms of origin and cultural habits.
Film Adaptations of Contemporary Polish Literature. An Attempt to Characterize the Phenomenon
Authors: Birkholc Robert
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the latest phenomenon of adapting contemporary Polish literature into film. As the author assumes, starting from Polish-Russian War (2009), Polish filmmakers have been increasingly interested in adapting narratively and stylistically complex prose, which seems to be rather difficult to express using the language of film. This new trend raises the question of how contemporary adaptation studies should look. The author analyzes adaptations taking into account four aspects of this new phenomenon: 1) collaboration between writers and filmmakers, 2) metareferences in film to the literary medium, 3) multidirectional references and inspirations between literature and film, 4) dialogue between literary texts and their film adaptations. To describe this new trend, the author refers to the contemporary field of adaptation studies. He characterizes writers such as Jakub Żulczyk and Dorota Masłowska as “multiplatform authors” and shows their complex film activities. The author argues that in the latest adaptations, such as Polish-Russian War, The Mighty Angel (2013) and Inni Ludzie (en. Other People), filmmakers emphasize the literary character of the original. These examples also show that intermediality of contemporary works of art encompasses a number of other media, such as music and theater. However, the author opposes the scholars specializing in adaptation studies who radically reject textual analyses and medium specificity research. In his opinion, one of the most important tasks facing contemporary comparative literature and film studies is to characterize the way in which film discourse transforms, reduces, or extends the meanings of literary works, placing stories in a different media context. Keywords: film adaptation, adaptation studies, contemporary Polish literature, Polish writers, transmediality, intermediality
Pop Culture against Gravity. On Lightness in Advertising
Authors: Pawłowska-Jądrzyk Brygida
Published: December 2024

The author of the article (starting with the concept formulated by Italo Cavino in the American Lectures, which she reads critically) examines the manifestations and use of the category of lightness in persuasive messages. The analyzes of visual advertisements prove, among other things, that the creators of today's adverts saw various manifestations of lightness (both in terms of content and form) as a skillful way to express valuations and a convenient tool for creation. The study provides grounds for the recognition that not only literary works have the means to allow the viewer to “rise above the weight of reality” and enjoy “direct existence”. The author suggests that – taking into account the extremely wide spectrum of contextualization of lightness in texts representing popular culture, its persuasive meanings and the creative potential associated with it – what would be worth to consider in more detail, is the role of this category in the process of replacing the traditional “culture of needs” by the “culture of desires”.
Krystian Lupa and the Pop Culture Icons, i.e. "Persona. Marilyn" and the Mythical Body in Flames
Authors: Gołos-Dąbrowska Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

The article presents an analysis of Krystian Lupa's performance “Persona. Marilyn” in terms of the symbolism of fire that appears in the play. The play itself is a fantasy about the last days of Marilyn Monroe's life, who, through her work on the planned role of Grushenka in The Brothers Karamazov, intends to find her identity and rediscover herself as an actress. The key to interpreting the play lies in the final scene of the performance, in which Marilyn Monroe burns laid on a catafalque. The text constitutes an attempt to flesh out possible interpretations of this scene, using references to the broad symbolism of fire in culture, particularly based on the thought of Gaston Bachelard (fire as a transfer to the sacred zone, sacrifice, purification, destruction, desire).
On Valuation in Reportage – between Reflectiveness and Judgement
Authors: Dąbrowska Dorota
Published: December 2024

The aim of the article is to reflect on the issue of valuating reality in reportage – a problem closely related to the issue of the creator's subjective stance and the adopted narrative strategy. The text has the character of a case study – it is focused on the analysis of two literary reportages – Powietrze tu mokre (en. Here The Air is Wet) by Małgorzata Rejmer and Zgorszenie polskie (en. Polish Scandal) by Mirosław Wlekły. The presented observations are intended to demonstrate that the typologies functioning on Polish ground and defining possible manners in which the author becomes present in a reportage text do not reflect the complexity of literary realizations of the genre.
Andrzej Kijowski o Jarosławie Iwaszkiewiczu
Authors: Tomaszewska Wiesława
Published: December 2024

This article presents the complexity of the relationship between two writers belonging to Polish literature of the twentieth century, Andrzej Kijowski and Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz. Kijowski’s texts, which form the basis of these considerations, concern both Iwaszkiewicz’s artistic work and his personal life, which is revealed through direct interpersonal relations. This distinction corresponds to two groups of Kijowski’s texts about Iwaszkiewicz: (1.) official, i.e. reviews and sketches published in the social and cultural press of the time, and (2.) unofficial, i.e. private diaries, not intended for publication in the author’s intention. Thus, two separate, though complementary literary portraits of Iwaszkiewicz were derived from Kijowski’s writing: an outstanding writer, a great prose writer, who was no stranger to the metaphysical dimension of literature, and an efficient architect of the literary life of the time.
Zegarki Tyszkiewiczów. Część druga
Authors: Zieliński Jan
Published: December 2024

Second part of a paper; the first one was published in “Załącznik Kulturoznawczy” 2020 No 2. This part, in opposition to the previous one, concentrates on watches and other technical devices in one novel, written by a female member of the Tyszkiewicz family, Maria Tyszkiewiczówna (1871-1943). The novel, entitled Spójnik (A Conjunction), was published in Warsaw in 1902. It’s critical reception was rather moderate in Poland, but quite favorable abroad. The paper discusses different types of watches, present in this novel, and the role they play in the development of the plot. Tyszkiewczówna’s novel contains also probably the first detailed description of a phonograph in Polish literature. It’s author develops a vision of future phonographic archives, preserving human voices from different periods. She is interested in technical devices that convey idealistic notions (general, like time, or individual, like thoughts), through the means of the acoustic waves.
Artículo 75 del Código Civil de Chile. Sus fundamentos históricos
Authors: Carvajal Ramírez Patricio
Published: December 2024

El Código Civil establece, en su artículo 75 “La ley protege la vida del que está por nacer”: una disposición que, en su concisión, no resulta completamente clara en su sentido y alcance. Aparte del hecho de su ascenso a declaración constitucional, todavía en el campo del derecho civil es necesario revisar la historia de la norma para dejar en evidencia aquello que se estuvo en la mente de codificador al momento de redactar y promulgar el precepto
Exploring the Mechanism of the Safflower against Melanoma using
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Zhang Yun-Chao , Xu Si-Yu , Yang Min , He Yan-Ming , Mo Da-Yu
Published: December 2024

Background:

Traditional Chinese medicine rarely applies the herb Safflower (Carthamus
tinctorius) to the treatment of tumors and little is known about its mechanisms and the treatment of
Safflower for melanoma.

Objective:

This study aims to analyze the active ingredients and underlying mechanisms of Safflower
in treating melanoma using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments
and provide a new direction for the research and development of new drugs for melanoma treatment

Methods:

We collected the active chemical ingredients from Safflower and generated a network of
"Drug-Active Ingredient-Target" by Cytoscape. From the DrugBank, OMIM, and GeneCard databases,
disease-related targets of melanoma were obtained. The intersection target genes between
Safflower and melanoma were identified, leading to the construction of a protein-protein interaction
(PPI) network via Cytoscape software. Metascape database was used to enrich pathways for relative
targets of Safflower. Molecular docking was demonstrated by the software AutoDockTools-1.5.6.
Use an online database (https://xenabrowser.net/) and R package IOBR (version 0.99.9) to evaluate
the correlation between the core target genes and prognosis or the immune score. CCK8 and PCR
were used to detect the toxicity of quercetin on melanoma cells and its effects on mRNA expression
of AKT1, JUN, and TP53.

Results:

Our investigation identified 17 active pharmaceutical ingredients within Safflower alongside
94 potential targets related to melanoma treatment. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis is primarily
concerned with extracellular exosomes, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II
promoter, and protein binding. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly involves Pathways in
cancer, IL-17 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and other pathways. Using molecular
docking, it can be seen that the compounds Quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, baicalein, and betasitosterol
in Safflower have strong binding abilities with important targets. The results of survival
analysis and immune score analysis suggest that Safflower may regulate the immune cell infiltration
of melanoma patients by acting on core target genes and improving the prognosis of patients. In vitro
analysis confirmed that Quercetin was cytotoxic toward B16-F10 cells and altered mRNA expression
of AKT1, JUN, and TP53 identified through the network pharmacology approach.

Conclusion:

This work offered an active pharmaceutical ingredient in Safflower and potential targets
for melanoma, and the mechanism of its action on melanoma may be related to the regulation of
immune-related pathways in melanoma.
Promotion and the Internet of Things
Authors: Majeed Mohammed , Osman Ibrahim , Abubakar Abdul-Fatahi Abdul-Karim
Published: December 2024

This chapter seeks to examine the potential effects of the Internet of Things
(IoT) on the marketing and advertising strategies employed by firms to promote their
products and services. The Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved as a novel paradigm
for the future iteration of the Internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) involves the
connection of a vast number of devices to the Internet, resulting in a significant data
repository that can be utilized by a variety of applications. The future trajectory of the
Internet is anticipated to involve the integration of diverse gadgets, establishing
connections between physical items and digital elements, thereby expanding the
boundaries of the global network. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a contemporary
concept that pertains to items endowed with digital capabilities, enabling them to
establish communication through the Internet. It is widely regarded as an integral
component of the future Internet landscape.
Internet of Things and Marketing Mix
Authors: Majeed Mohammed
Published: December 2024

A genuine innovation for companies is the Internet of Things. Contemporary
business sectors can be totally transformed by tiny gadgets with strong algorithms at
their core, which can lower costs, boost productivity, and eliminate dangers. This
chapter's goal is to review the body of research on the connection between the Internet
of Things and the marketing mix. Today's businesses have access to a multitude of
instruments and platforms that have improved our ability to communicate with clients
(promotion) and link them with the goods and services (place), price, products, people,
and physicals that will improve their lives. The success of our campaigns is still,
nonetheless, firmly rooted in the four fundamental marketing tenets of product, pricing,
place, and promotion. Effective marketers have the ability to combine these concepts
with strategies like the ones listed above to get the consistent, lucrative results that their
companies require.