bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coastal Gastronomy: Envisioning a South Carolina Seafood Trail
Authors: Jodice Laura W. , Ramshaw Gregory , Sirima Agnes , Goris Lynn
Published: April 2018

Promotion of local seafood and related culture has become an important strategy for enhancing economic sustainability of struggling commercial fishing businesses in coastal tourism destinations. Theme-based tourism trails can be catalysts for identifying, recognizing, and sustaining
important aspects of culture, heritage, and industry in rural regions. Food-based trails have become a popular strategy for enhancing the economic viability of local food producers while highlighting the authentic qualities of a tourist destination. This study explored potential for development
of a seafood-themed trail on the coast of South Carolina (USA) where communities represent varying levels of economic dependence on commercial fishing and tourism. Methods included 31 personal interviews with stakeholders from the seafood and tourism sectors across the region and a follow-up
survey (n = 13) and workshop (n = 15) to facilitate input and consensus. Stakeholders supported formation of a coast-wide seafood trail as an education and decision-making tool targeting tourists. They highlighted collaborative capacity for marketing and partnership, diversity
of local seafood products and experience, and economic benefits and improved competitive advantage for local businesses as strengths and opportunities. Challenging issues for development and long-term viability included limits to local seafood supply, regional differences in both heritage
and seafood products, financial constraints, maintaining interest among stakeholders and visitors, establishing leadership, and defining membership criteria.
Tourists' Foraging for Oysters: A Governance Innovation Perspective
Authors: Hjalager Anne-Mette , Dolmer Per , Hansen Lulu Anna
Published: April 2018

Foraging for oysters in the protected Danish Wadden Sea National Park is an increasingly popular tourism experience. The abundance of the Pacific oyster is high and rising. As it is an invasive species, visitors' oyster picking is not only attractive for culinary reasons, but will also—when
organized adequately—benefit nature, particularly in terms of living conditions for migrating birds. Creating a symbiosis between touristic and environmental objectives requires coordinated governance systems. This study demonstrates that, seen from the point of tourism, there are significant
incompatibilities in the rules, regulations, and institutional set-ups that govern nature protection, food safety, and access to recreational foraging and commercial fisheries. Governance innovations are essential to ensure an environmentally sustainable use of the oyster resource and, simultaneously,
a positive touristic development and a commercial oyster fishery in the local communities. Three interacting trajectories of interventions and policies are outlined: the tour guide-dominated trajectory, a coastal fisheries cluster trajectory, and the visitor empowerment trajectory. It is concluded
that the traditional tourism sector cannot dissolve the paradoxes, but needs dedicated power contributions from a wider range of governance institutions and local actors.
Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells
Authors: Krýsová Hana , Krýsa Josef , Kavan Ladislav
Published: April 2018

For proper function of the negative electrode of dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells, the deposition of a nonporous blocking film is required on the surface of F-doped SnO2 (FTO) glass substrates. Such a blocking film can minimise undesirable parasitic processes, for example, the back reaction of photoinjected electrons with the oxidized form of the redox mediator or with the hole-transporting medium can be avoided. In the present work, thin, transparent, blocking TiO2 films are prepared by semi-automatic spray pyrolysis of precursors consisting of titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) as the main component. The variation in the layer thickness of the sprayed films is achieved by varying the number of spray cycles. The parameters investigated in this work were deposition temperature (150, 300 and 450 °C), number of spray cycles (20–200), precursor composition (with/without deliberately added acetylacetone), concentration (0.05 and 0.2 M) and subsequent post-calcination at 500 °C. The photo-electrochemical properties were evaluated in aqueous electrolyte solution under UV irradiation. The blocking properties were tested by cyclic voltammetry with a model redox probe with a simple one-electron-transfer reaction. Semi-automatic spraying resulted in the formation of transparent, homogeneous, TiO2 films, and the technique allows for easy upscaling to large electrode areas. The deposition temperature of 450 °C was necessary for the fabrication of highly photoactive TiO2 films. The blocking properties of the as-deposited TiO2 films (at 450 °C) were impaired by post-calcination at 500 °C, but this problem could be addressed by increasing the number of spray cycles. The modification of the precursor by adding acetylacetone resulted in the fabrication of TiO2 films exhibiting perfect blocking properties that were not influenced by post-calcination. These results will surely find use in the fabrication of large-scale dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells.
Phosphodiester models for cleavage of nucleic acids
Authors: Mikkola Satu , Lönnberg Tuomas , Lönnberg Harri
Published: April 2018

Nucleic acids that store and transfer biological information are polymeric diesters of phosphoric acid. Cleavage of the phosphodiester linkages by protein enzymes, nucleases, is one of the underlying biological processes. The remarkable catalytic efficiency of nucleases, together with the ability of ribonucleic acids to serve sometimes as nucleases, has made the cleavage of phosphodiesters a subject of intensive mechanistic studies. In addition to studies of nucleases by pH-rate dependency, X-ray crystallography, amino acid/nucleotide substitution and computational approaches, experimental and theoretical studies with small molecular model compounds still play a role. With small molecules, the importance of various elementary processes, such as proton transfer and metal ion binding, for stabilization of transition states may be elucidated and systematic variation of the basicity of the entering or departing nucleophile enables determination of the position of the transition state on the reaction coordinate. Such data is important on analyzing enzyme mechanisms based on synergistic participation of several catalytic entities. Many nucleases are metalloenzymes and small molecular models offer an excellent tool to construct models for their catalytic centers. The present review tends to be an up to date summary of what has been achieved by mechanistic studies with small molecular phosphodiesters.
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Quasar Survey: Quasar Properties from Data Release Two and Three
Authors: Dong X. Y. , Wu Xue-Bing , Ai Y. L. , Yang J. Y. , Yang Q. , Wang F. , Zhang Y. X. , Luo A. L. , Xu H. , Yuan H. L. , Zhang J. N. , Wang M. X. , Wang L. L. , Li Y. B. , Zuo F. , Hou W. , Guo Y. X. , Kong X. , Chen X. Y. , Wu Y. , Yang H. F. , Yang M.
Published: April 2018

This is the second installment for the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Quasar Survey, which includes quasars observed from 2013 September to 2015 June. There are 9024 confirmed quasars in DR2 and 10911 in DR3. After cross-match with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar catalogs and NED, 12126 quasars are discovered independently. Among them, 2225 quasars were released by SDSS DR12 QSO catalog in 2014 after we finalized the survey candidates. 1801 sources were identified by SDSS DR14 as QSOs. The remaining 8100 quasars are considered as newly founded, and among them, 6887 quasars can be given reliable emission line measurements and the estimated black hole masses. Quasars found in LAMOST are mostly located at low-to-moderate redshifts, with a mean value of 1.5. The highest redshift observed in DR2 and DR3 is 5. We applied emission line measurements to Hα, Hβ, Mg ii, and C iv. We deduced the monochromatic continuum luminosities using photometry data, and estimated the virial black hole masses for the newly discovered quasars. Results are compiled into a quasar catalog, which will be available online.
An Analysis Framework for Understanding the Origin of Nuclear Activity in Low-power Radio Galaxies
Authors: Lin Yen-Ting , Huang Hung-Jin , Chen Yen-Chi
Published: April 2018

Using large samples containing nearly 2300 active galaxies of low radio luminosity (1.4 GHz luminosity between 2 × 1023 and 3 × 1025 W Hz−1, essentially low-excitation radio galaxies) at z ≲ 0.3, we present a self-contained analysis of the dependence of the nuclear radio activity on both intrinsic and extrinsic properties of galaxies, with the goal of identifying the best predictors of the nuclear radio activity. While confirming the established result that stellar mass must play a key role on the triggering of radio activities, we point out that for the central, most massive galaxies, the radio activity also shows a strong dependence on halo mass, which is not likely due to enhanced interaction rates in denser regions in massive, cluster-scale halos. We thus further investigate the effects of various properties of the intracluster medium (ICM) in massive clusters on the radio activities, employing two standard statistical tools, principle component analysis and logistic regression. It is found that ICM entropy, local cooling time, and pressure are the most effective in predicting the radio activity, pointing to the accretion of gas cooling out of a hot atmosphere to be the likely origin in triggering such activities in galaxies residing in massive dark matter halos. Our analysis framework enables us to logically discern the mechanisms responsible for the radio activity separately for central and satellite galaxies.
X-Ray Scaling Relations of Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Babyk Iu. V. , McNamara B. R. , Nulsen P. E. J. , Hogan M. T. , Vantyghem A. N. , Russell H. R. , Pulido F. A. , Edge A. C.
Published: April 2018

X-ray luminosity, temperature, gas mass, total mass, and their scaling relations are derived for 94 early-type galaxies (ETGs) using archival Chandra X-ray Observatory observations. Consistent with earlier studies, the scaling relations, L

X
∝ T
4.5±0.2, M ∝ T
2.4±0.2, and L

X
∝ M
2.8±0.3, are significantly steeper than expected from self-similarity. This steepening indicates that their atmospheres are heated above the level expected from gravitational infall alone. Energetic feedback from nuclear black holes and supernova explosions are likely heating agents. The tight L

X
–T correlation for low-luminosity systems (i.e., below 1040 erg s−1) are at variance with hydrodynamical simulations, which generally predict higher temperatures for low-luminosity galaxies. We also investigate the relationship between total mass and pressure, Y

X
= M

g
 × T, finding

. We explore the gas mass to total mass fraction in ETGs and find a range of 0.1%–1.0%. We find no correlation between the gas-to-total mass fraction with temperature or total mass. Higher stellar velocity dispersions and higher metallicities are found in hotter, brighter, and more massive atmospheres. X-ray core radii derived from β-model fitting are used to characterize the degree of core and cuspiness of hot atmospheres.
Hadronic Origin of Prompt High-energy Emission of Gamma-ray Bursts Revisited: In the Case of a Limited Maximum Proton Energy
Authors: Wang Kai , Liu Ruo-Yu , Dai Zi-Gao , Asano Katsuaki
Published: April 2018

The high-energy (>100 MeV) emission observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope during the prompt phase of some luminous gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) could arise from the cascade induced by interactions between accelerated protons and the radiation field of GRBs. The photomeson process, which is usually suggested to operate in such a hadronic explanation, requires a rather high proton energy (>1017 eV) for an efficient interaction. However, whether GRBs can accelerate protons to such a high energy is far from guaranteed, although they have been suggested as the candidate source for ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. In this work, we revisit the hadronic model for the prompt high-energy emission of GRBs with a smaller maximum proton energy than the usually adopted value estimated from the Bohm condition. In this case, the Bethe–Heitler pair production process becomes comparably important or even dominates over the photomeson process. We show that with a relatively low maximum proton energy with a Lorentz factor of 105 in the comoving frame, the cascade emission can still reproduce various types of high-energy spectra of GRBs. For most GRBs without high-energy emission detected, the maximum proton energy could be even lower and relax the constraints on the parameters of the GRB jet resulting from the nondetection of GRB neutrinos by IceCube.
Seven new freshwater species of Gammarus from southern China (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae)
Authors: Hou Zhonge , Zhao Shuangyan , Li Shuqiang
Published: April 2018

Seven new species of the genusGammarusare described and illustrated from southern China. The new speciesGammarusvalleculaHou & Li,sp. n.,G.qinlingHou & Li,sp. n.,G.zhigangiHou & Li,sp. n.andG.jidutanxianHou & Li,sp. n.are characterized by inner ramus of uropod III half the length of outer ramus.GammaruslongdongHou & Li,sp. n.is characterized by inner ramus of uropod III 0.9 times as long as outer ramus.GammarusmosuoHou & Li,sp. n.is characterized by pereopods V–VII with long setae on anterior margins and both rami of uropod III armed with simple setae.GammaruscaecigenusHou & Li,sp. n.can be distinguished from other species by eyes absent. DNA barcodes of the new species are documented as proof of molecular differences between species. A key to the new species and a map of their distributions are provided.
Stool and urine trefoil factor 3 levels: associations with symptoms, intestinal permeability, and microbial diversity in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Heitkemper M.M. , Cain K.C. , Shulman R.J. , Burr R.L. , Ko C. , Hollister E.B. , Callen N. , Zia J. , Han C.J. , Jarrett M.E.
Published: April 2018

Previously we showed that urine trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) levels were higher in females with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) compared to non-IBS females. To assess if TFF3 is associated with symptoms and/or reflect alterations in gastrointestinal permeability and gut microbiota in an IBS population, we correlated stool and urine TFF3 levels with IBS symptoms, intestinal permeability, stool microbial diversity and relative abundance of predominant bacterial families and genera. We also tested the relationship of stool TFF3 to urine TFF3, and compared results based on hormone contraception use. Samples were obtained from 93 females meeting Rome III IBS criteria and completing 4-week symptom diaries. TFF3 levels were measured by ELISA. Permeability was assessed with the urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio. Stool microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA. Stool TFF3, but not urine TFF3, was associated positively with diarrhoea and loose stool consistency. Higher stool TFF3 was also associated with lower L/M ratio and microbial diversity. Of the 20 most abundant bacterial families Mogibacteriaceae and Christensenellaceae were inversely related to stool TFF3, with only Christensenellaceae remaining significant after multiple comparison adjustment. There were no significant relationships between stool or urine TFF3 levels and other symptoms, nor between stool and urine levels. In premenopausal females, urine TFF3 levels were higher in those reporting hormone contraception. Collectively these results suggest that higher stool TFF3 levels are associated with IBS symptoms (loose/diarrhoeal stools), lower gut permeability, and altered stool bacteria composition (decreased diversity and decreased Christensenellaceae), which further suggests that TFF3 may be an important marker of host-bacteria interaction.
Lactobacillus fermentum L930BB and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis IM386 initiate signalling pathways involved in intestinal epithelial barrier protection
Authors: Paveljšek D. , Juvan P. , Košir R. , Rozman D. , Hacin B. , Ivičak-Kocjan K. , Rogelj I.
Published: April 2018

The manipulation of intestinal microbiota with beneficial microbes represents a promising alternative or adjunct therapy in gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation. The current study aims to clarify the signalling pathways and evaluate the possible beneficial effects of the combination of two strains. We used a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis. RNA extracted from the middle part of the colon tissue was used for examination of the global gene expression with Affymetrix microarrays. An enrichment analysis of the KEGG pathways was performed, and a subset of genes associated with intestinal epithelial barrier function was verified with qPCR. A clinical condition assessment of the differently treated mice revealed that the combination of these two bacterial strains was safe for use as a dietary supplement. All animals treated with DSS had affected colons and suffered weight loss. There were very small differences between the diseased groups, although the depth of inflammation was lower when cyclosporine A or the strain mixture was used. We discovered that the prophylactic administration of the Lactobacillus fermentum L930BB (L930BB) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis IM386 (IM386) strains led to an anti-apoptotic pathway through phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and to the activation of pathways involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton via protein kinase C and GTPases. Reorganisation of actin cytoskeleton and decreased apoptosis are both helpful in intestinal epithelial cell reconstitution. We confirm important previous observations, showing that these pathways are downstream targets of Toll-like receptor 2 and fibroblast growth factor initiated signalling. Taken together, these results suggest that the combination of L930BB and IM386 could aid in the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium during pathogenesis via pattern recognition receptors and the stimulation of growth factor synthesis.
A synbiotic mixture of scGOS/lcFOS and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V increases faecal Bifidobacterium in healthy young children
Authors: Kosuwon P. , Lao-araya M. , Uthaisangsook S. , Lay C. , Bindels J. , Knol J. , Chatchatee P.
Published: April 2018

Little is known about the impact of nutrition on toddler gut microbiota. The plasticity of the toddler gut microbiota indicates that nutritional modulation beyond infancy could potentially impact its maturation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of consuming Young Child Formula (YCF) supplemented with short chain galactooligosaccharides and long chain fructooligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS, ratio 9:1) andBifidobacterium breveM-16V on the development of the faecal microbiota in healthy toddlers. A cohort of 129 Thai children aged 1-3 years were included in a randomised controlled clinical study. The children were assigned to receive either YCF with 0.95 g/100 ml of scGOS/lcFOS and 1.8×107cfu/g ofB. breveM-16V (Active-YCF) or Control-YCF for 12 weeks. The composition and metabolic activity of the faecal microbiota, and the level of secretory immunoglobulin A were determined in the stool samples. The consumption of Active-YCF increased the proportion ofBifidobacterium(mean 27.3% at baseline to 33.3%, at week 12,P=0.012) with a difference in change from baseline at week 12 between the Active and Control of 7.48% (P=0.030). The consumption of Active-YCF was accompanied with a more acidic intestinal milieu compared to the Control-YCF. The pH value decreased statistically significantly in the Active-YCF group from a median of 7.05 at baseline to 6.79 at week 12 (P<0.001). The consumption of Active-YCF was associated with a softer pudding-like stool consistency compared to the Control-YCF. At week 6 and week 12, the between-group difference in stool consistency was statistically significant (P=0.004 andP<0.001, respectively). A Young Child Formula supplemented with scGOS/lcFOS andB. breveM-16V positively influences the development of the faecal microbiota in healthy toddlers by supporting higher levels ofBifidobacterium. The synbiotic supplementation is also accompanied with a more acidic intestinal milieu and softer stools.
Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C strongly inhibited Helicobacter pylori SS1 in Meriones unguiculatus
Authors: Merino J.S. , García A. , Pastene E. , Salas A. , Saez K. , González C.L.
Published: April 2018

Searching for bacterial probiotics active upon Helicobacter pylori continue to be an important clinical challenge because of the increased prevalence of this highly priority pathogen in humans. In this work, we assess the in vivo anti-H. pylori SS1 (cagA+/vacAs2m2+) properties of a previously isolated human gastric probiotic strain Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C by using a Meriones unguiculatus (Mongolian gerbil) model. Animals were administered with a saline suspension of L. fermentum UCO-979C or H. pylori SS1 as negative and positive control for H. pylori colonisation controls, prior to assayed the challenge group that was administered with these two species per animal for detecting protective activity of the probiotic strain against colonisation. The results showed that L. fermentum UCO-979C strongly inhibited the colonisation of H. pylori decreasing up to 87% of the colonisation in the antrum by the pathogen, suggesting that this probiotic strain has a strong probiotic activity against H. pylori in the most valuable animal model for in vivo assays nowadays.
Visual Performance of a New Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens Compared to a Distance-Dominant Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lens
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Balducci Nicole , Barboni Piero
Published: April 2018

PURPOSE:

To investigate the clinical performance of a new extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) and compare it to that of a distance-dominant diffractive multifocal IOL.

METHODS:

Patients implanted with an EDOF IOL (Mini Well; SIFI, Catania, Italy) inducing spherical aberration and with a multifocal IOL (ReSTOR SV25T; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) were analyzed. The following monocular parameters were investigated: corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA), reading speed, defocus curve, contrast sensitivity, and halos and glare as quantified by a simulator (Halo & Glare Simulator; Eyeland-Design Network GmbH, Vreden, Germany) and questionnaire.

RESULTS:

Twenty patients with the EDOF IOL and 37 with the multifocal IOL were enrolled. No statistically significant difference was observed for CDVA. The defocus curve of the EDOF IOL revealed no gaps for the intermediate range. Statistically significant differences were observed at −1.00 diopter (D) (EDOF IOL: 0.08 ± 0.09 logMAR; multifocal IOL: 0.21 ± 0.12 logMAR;
P
< .0001) and −1.50 D defocus (EDOF IOL: 0.15 ± 0.11 logMAR; multifocal IOL: 0.24 ± 0.13 logMAR;
P
= .0122). The reading speed at 40 cm was similar at all print sizes. The mean DCNVA was the same (EDOF IOL: 0.35 ± 0.14 logRAD, multifocal IOL: 0.35 ± 0.13 logRAD). No differences in contrast sensitivity were detected. According to the simulator, halos had a smaller mean size (
P
= .0439) and a lower mean intensity (
P
= .0222) with the EDOF IOL. No statistically significant differences were detected for glare size.

CONCLUSIONS:

The new EDOF IOL performed similarly to a multifocal IOL at distance and near but was superior at intermediate distances.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(4):228–235.]
Anachronisme, égalité et domination : représenter le roi Arthur autour de la Table ronde
Authors: Breton Justine
Published: April 2018

La Table ronde, élément majeur associé au pouvoir du roi Arthur depuis le xiie siècle, contribue à la pérennité du mythe arthurien en affichant des valeurs égalitaires et démocratiques, lesquelles peignent à leur tour l’image d’un royaume en avance sur son temps. Cette institution créée par Wace, et dont l’image est régulièrement adaptée au cinéma et à la télévision, soulève toutefois la question de la place du souverain par rapport à ses chevaliers. Comment faire apparaître une égalité dans laquelle le roi est tout-puissant ? Du Moyen Âge aux adaptations audiovisuelles des xxe et xxie siècles, les représentations mouvantes de la Table ronde jouent avec les notions d’égalité, de pouvoir et de domination, et laissent apparaître une conception souvent anachronique de l’autorité royale médiévale
Jugements de valeur et argumentation juridique
Authors: Calatayud Ángeles Ródenas
Published: April 2018

L’article fait valoir l’importance d’une théorie de raisonnement juridique afin de permettre un traitement cohérent du discours juridique quand il se heurte à des jugements de valeur dans des contextes d’indétermination juridique. Premièrement, les principaux contextes d’indétermination juridique dans lesquels les opérateurs juridiques ont besoin de recourir à des jugements de valeur pour résoudre une affaire sont identifiés. Deuxièmement, à partir de l’analyse de ces contextes, les fondements d’un modèle argumentatif alternatif sont esquissés. Ce modèle argumentatif permet de construire des stratégies argumentatives prédéfinies afin de résoudre les problèmes d’argumentation pour chacun des contextes d’indétermination.
Uso e ocupação do solo em São Paulo, alterações climáticas e os riscos ambientais contemporâneos
Authors: Ramires Jane Zilda dos Santos , Mello-Théry Neli Aparecida de
Published: April 2018

As intervenções do homem na natureza, em particular no último século, com intensa utilização e degradação dos recursos ambientais, contribuíram para o surgimento da crise ambiental contemporânea; isto é, para as alterações no sistema climático terrestre. A teoria de que o aumento da temperatura da Terra teria ocorrência e causalidade somente natural perdeu força na medida em que a comunidade científica internacional, representada pelo Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas, passou a apresentar dados demonstrando que o aquecimento global não é um equívoco; o fenômeno está relacionado às atividades humanas combinadas com as variações naturais do sistema climático (IPCC, 2014). A discussão atual passa pela contribuição do homem neste processo, principalmente a partir do evento da revolução industrial seguido pelas inovações tecnológicas (Santos 1997, 2012; Leff 2007; Giddens, 2010). O 1º Relatório de Avaliação Nacional do Painel Brasileiro de Mudança Climática reitera os resultados do IPCC (2014), com dados mais detalhados sobre as mudanças do clima no Brasil, apontando que haverá mudanças nas próximas décadas em todas as regiões do país com aumento da temperatura média em torno de 1 ºC a 6 ºC até final do século XXI, em comparação à registrada no fim do século XX. A mudança climática gera riscos à toda humanidade, mas é na escala local que seus efeitos possuem maior magnitude, porque a população mundial está concentrada nas grandes aglomerações urbanas e, devido ao padrão característico da urbanização com intensa impermeabilização do solo, supressão da vegetação e ocupação das áreas vulneráveis. Este fenômeno é agravado nas grandes cidades dos países menos desenvolvidos, onde constatamos o aumento de pessoas em condições de extrema pobreza sobrevivendo em áreas de risco, como encostas e locais propensos a inundações. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que eventos extremos, provenientes das alterações climáticas, tem atingido a megalópole de São Paulo, notadamente as regiões periféricas e mais carentes da cidade. Por meio da análise de dados provenientes de duas estações meteorológicas localizadas no Município de São Paulo (Santana e Ipiranga) observamos que houve alterações no clima em São Paulo nas últimas décadas, como o aumento da temperatura, do número de dias com precipitação > que 30mm e 50mm, além da diminuição da umidade relativa do ar. Os resultados desta análise demonstraram que eventos extremos relacionados às alterações do clima, particularmente com chuvas volumosas e concentradas, tem ocorrido causando importantes riscos à sua população, sobretudo para àquela que apresenta maior vulnerabilidade. Seriam os riscos contemporâneos inerentes à sociedade de risco de que fala Beck e Giddens, diante dos quais o poder público é desafiado a implementar políticas públicas adequadas de médio e longo prazo.
Crise hídrica e reestruturação produtiva agrícola no Rio Grande do Norte.
Authors: Silva Bruno Lopes da , Troleis Adriano Lima
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo propõe discutir como a crise hídrica e a diferenciação tecnológica e financeira tem influenciado o processo produtivo de determinadas culturas. A partir dessa discussão, será feita também uma reflexão acerca das modificações na estrutura produtiva agrícola do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, principalmente no que diz respeito às lógicas organizacionais da agricultura moderna (fruticultura irrigada) e produção agrícola familiar, frente a seca, nos onze municípios que possuem os maiores reservatórios do estado. Para tanto, utilizou-se algumas estratégias metodológicas, tais como: pesquisa bibliográfica sobre crise hídrica e sistemas técnicos agrícolas; aquisição de dados junto ao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE, ao Departamento Nacional de Obras contra a seca - DNOCS, a Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte - EMPARN, e a Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Hídricos do Rio Grande do Norte – SEMARH. Conclui-se a partir das estratégias utilizadas que a estrutura produtiva agrícola do estado do Rio Grande do Norte apresenta-se organizada de forma dicotômica, com dois grupos bem distintos de produtores: de um lado os pequenos produtores da agricultura familiar, com menor aparato tecnológico-financeiro, menor assistência do estado, e maior dependência das precipitações; e de outro, os produtores ligados a agricultura moderna, do ramo da fruticultura irrigada, que apresentam alto poder de capitalização e de estruturação tecnológica, tornando-os menos dependentes do estado e das condições naturais de precipitação, e com maior capacidade de produção.
Campos de dunas em Jericoacoara: intervenções humanas como possível indicador de mudança na dinâmica morfológica
Authors: Meireles Antonio Jeovah , Gorayeb Adryane , Filho Narcélio de Sá Pereira
Published: April 2018

Coastal dunes play an important role in the sediment transport of the coastal zone. The morphology of the Jericoacoara National Park in the northeastern Brazilian state of Ceará consists of a headland covered by a mobile dune field consisting of large mobile barchans dune fields that migrate from east to west. These dunes are responsible for the bypass and transportation of essential sediments for the maintenance of the coastline without cumulative erosive effects. The present study focused on the morphodynamic evolution of these isolated mobile dunes through the recovery of multitemporal Landsat and QuickBird satellite images of the years between 1975 and 2010. The spatiotemporal analysis of the distribution and morphology of these dunes over this 35-year period revealed significant shifts in their area, perimeter, and movement patterns. It was possible to confirm that the flow of material and energy was linked to a process of continuous migration in the direction of the beach. The dynamics of the dune migration in the years following 2000 was established, indicates possible impacts on the morphology of the dunes resulting from the increase in tourism within the area. These changes were most significant between 2001 and 2005, possibly reflecting a anthropogenic impacts.
Os recursos hídricos do Rio Grande do Norte: uma análise da vulnerabilidade territorial ao colapso no abastecimento de água
Authors: Trolei Adriano Lima , Silva Bruno Lopes da
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo propõe discutir como a estrutura dos recursos hídricos representada pelos seus elementos naturais e técnicos existentes tem caracterizado o processo de abastecimento humano frente à seca vivenciada nos últimos anos e a consequente vulnerabilidade de colapso hídrico no âmbito do Rio Grande do Norte. A partir desse cenário e de um conjunto de elementos naturais e técnicos presentes em cada município foram identificadas potencialidades e fragilidades hídricas das seguintes variáveis: precipitação, bacia hidrográfica, sistema de aquíferos, rede de adutoras, níveis dos reservatórios, uso de carro-pipa e situação de abastecimento. O aporte teórico conceitual foi construído a partir de três eixos temáticos: a estrutura dos recursos hídricos, as potencialidades e fragilidades, e a vulnerabilidade ao colapso hídrico. A construção da parte empírica ocorreu através da elaboração de um banco de dados de 2015 a 2017 sobre os elementos naturais e técnicos dos recursos hídricos do Rio Grande do Norte. Esses dados foram obtidos junto aos seguintes órgãos públicos: Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Meio Ambiente – IDEMA, Agência Nacional de Águas – ANA, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Hídricos do Rio Grande do Norte - SEMARH, Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra a Seca - DNOCS e Companhia de Águas e Esgotos do Rio Grande do Norte – CAERN. Com o objetivo de estimar a vulnerabilidade ao colapso hídrico de cada município do Rio Grande do Norte utilizou-se a metodologia proposta por Crepani, Medeiros, Hernandez Filho et al (2001), que integra variáveis e categorias de vulnerabilidade e as classifica a partir de Unidade Territoriais Básicas (UTB) em três níveis: Unidades de baixa, média e alta vulnerabilidade ao colapso hídrico. O resultado da análise integrada das variáveis caracterizou o Rio Grande do Norte com apenas dois níveis: 20 municípios apresentaram um nível de média vulnerabilidade ao colapso hídrico localizados no litoral Leste e na região centro norte do estado e outro nível composto por 147 municípios com alta vulnerabilidade ao colapso hídrico. Tal resultado mostra que o Rio Grande do Norte apresenta um quadro de elevada criticidade ao colapso hídrico. Nesse contexto sugere-se que os gestores pensem o território de forma integrada e sistêmica, considerando a inter-relação dos elementos naturais e técnicos de cada sistema de abastecimento de água.
Commentaire du jugement rendu par la Chambre de première instance du TPIY dans l’affaire Mladic
Authors: Fauveau Ivanovic Natacha
Published: April 2018

L’importance du jugement rendu par la Chambre de première instance le 22 novembre 2017 dans l’affaire Procureur c. Ratko Mladic (IT-09-92-T) réside principalement dans le fait que ce dernier, ancien Commandant de l’Armée de la Republika Srpska et commandant suprême de ses forces armées, est l’un des plus hauts responsables jugés et condamnés par le Tribunal. Les crimes jugés dans l’affaire Mladic ont déjà été jugés dans d’autres affaires et la Chambre de première instance s’est fréquemment référée aux conclusions auxquelles les autres Chambres étaient parvenues. Ratko Mladic a été condamné à la perpétuité pour le génocide à Srebrenica ainsi que pour crimes contre l’humanité et crimes de guerre commis en Bosnie Herzégovine. Sa responsabilité, fondée sur sa participation à plusieurs entreprises criminelles communes, a été établie selon les principes affirmés par la jurisprudence du Tribunal.
Experimental Investigations on Spot Welded Built-Up Cold-Formed Steel Beams
Authors: Ungureanu Viorel , Both Ioan , Burca Mircea , Benzar Ştefan , Nguyen Thai Hoang , Neagu Calin , Dubină Dan
Published: April 2018

Within the WELLFORMED research project, ongoing at the CEMSIG Research Center of the Politehnica University of Timisoara, a new technological solution was proposed for built-up beams made of corrugated steel sheets for the web and thin-walled cold-formed steel profiles for the flanges, connected by spot welding. The research project integrates an extensive experimental program on such beams, using full scale specimens, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solutions and to assess their performance, followed by numerical simulations to characterize and optimize the connecting details. The present paper presents the results of a large experimental program, on small specimens subjected to shear, consisting of two or three layers of steel sheet connected by spot welding.
Numerical Investigation of J-Integral on a Notched Pressure Vessel
Authors: Tadić Srdjan , Sedmak Aleksandar , Nikolić Ružica R.
Published: April 2018

Finite elements analysis has been performed to compute a J-integral values in a notched pressure vessel. A semi-elliptical notch was introduced in a wall of cylindrical pressure vessel with aspect ratio of notch depth to wall thickness a/w = 1/6 to 5/6, where the wall thickness was 3 mm. Two cases were examined – inner and outer notch. Numerical examinations were revealed that outer notch has much higher values of J-integral (3-4 times), all other being the same, (i.e. inner pressure and dimensions of the notch). That was explained in terms of triaxality stress state in front of notch. Namely, it was shown that inner notch has positive triaxiality stress ratio and vice-versa, outer notch revealed highly negative hydrostatic stress component ahead the notch.
Structural-Thermal Analysis of Welded Joints Using the ANSYS Workbench Platform
Authors: Vladulescu Florian
Published: April 2018

This paper presents a summary of a live demonstration for a numerical simulation of laser welding process using Ansys Workbench platform. The main steps of this simulation are: creating the geometric model, mesh generation, defining contacts, applying initial conditions and boundary conditions, defining thermal loads, general setting and solving the transient thermal analysis and finally the coupling of this analysis with a structural one to predict stresses due to the thermal field generated by the thermal analysis. After solving, the results are visualized and interpreted.
Surface Properties of Crosslinking Polyamide Measured by Micro-Indentation Test
Authors: Ovsik Martin , Stanek Michal , Senkerik Vojtech
Published: April 2018

Cross-linking is a process in which polymer chains are associated through chemical bonds. Radiation, which penetrated through specimens and reacted with the cross-linking agent, gradually formed cross-linking (3D net), first in the surface layer and then in the total volume, which resulted in considerable changes in specimen behavior. This paper studies the effect of different doses of ionizing beta radiation on the micro-mechanical properties of commercially available polyamide. The measured results indicate, that electron beam irradiation is very effective tool for improvement of surface properties of PA6. In terms of micro-mechanical properties, the values of micro-hardness of surface layer increased by 24% at radiation dose of 132 kGy, stiffness of surface micro layer by 26% (132 kGy) as a result of different loads (0.5N and 2N). Improvement of micro-mechanical properties of radiated polyamide has a great significance also for industry. The modified polyamide shifts to the group of materials that have considerably better properties. Its micro-mechanical properties make polyamide ideal for a wide application in areas where higher resistance to wear, creep are required. Commonly manufactured PA6 can hardly fulfil these criteria.
Analysis of the Pressure and Shrinkage in the Mould for PLA and PLLA
Authors: Kučerová Monika , Lenfeld Petr
Published: April 2018

Paper is focused on analysis of a local shrinkage and injection pressure of the biodegradable materials PLLA and PLA. Analysed products were prepared with thickness of 4 mm in the patent injection mould. The technological parameters of the injection moulding were established by the Taguchi method. In this article, the influence of these main technological parameters on the local shrinkage and injection pressure is evaluated.
The Influence of the Static Electrical Field on the Phase Transformation II-I of the Isotactic Polybutene-1
Authors: Kaszonyiová Martina , Rybnikář František , Kubišová Milena
Published: April 2018

The spontaneous phase transformation of the unstable phase II to the stable phase I of isotactic polybutene-1 can be affected by several factors (temperature, pressure, mechanical deformation, environments, nucleation agents or presence of –CH2- groups in polymer chains or in blends). Here we study the effect of the external static electrical field on the iPB-1 structure and phase II →I transformation rate. The phase transition II to I is accelerated by the effect of the static electrical field up to 36%. This effect increases with increasing macromolecular chain length and increasing voltage. The electrical field did not substantially influence the total amount of crystalline phase. The phase transformation of neutral type changed into minus type. This change decreases the transformation rate by blocking the transformation nuclei.
Rapid Prototyping Technology for Special Pressure Vessels
Authors: Šafka Jiří , Veselka Filip , Lachman Martin , Ackermann Michal
Published: April 2018

The article deals with the topic of 3D printing of pressure vessels and their testing. The main focus of the research was on a 3D model of the pressure vessel, which was originally designed for a student formula racing car project. The described virtual 3D model was designed with regard to 3D printing. The physical model was manufactured using several additive manufacturing technologies. The first technology was FDM using ULTEM 1010 material. The next technology was SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) using polyamide materials (PA3200GF and PA2220). The last technology was SLA (Stereolithography) using a polypropylene material (Durable). Experimental evaluation of the vessels was carried out by a pressure test, which verified the compactness of the 3D printed parts and their possible porosity. At the end of the article, a comparison of each printed model is made in terms of their final price and weight, together with pressure and thermal resistance.
Effect of Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Samples
Authors: Maloch Jaroslav , Hnátková Eva , Žaludek Milan , Krátký Petr
Published: April 2018

3D printing technology enables the production of functional components in small quantities which can be used as end-use parts. The mechanical properties of the final product define its quality and determine its success or failure in a given application. One at the various additive manufacturing technologies - Fused Deposition Modelling is very often used due to its relatively low cost and the availability of 3D printers and thermoplastic materials. During the process, there are many factors that can affect the mechanical properties of the final product. The temperature of the extrusion nozzle and the layer thickness are two of the basic process parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of these two processing parameters on the final mechanical properties of the 3D printed samples from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Mechanical testing includes the tensile and flexural strength, as well as tensile and flexural modulus.
Structural Changes in Metals during Laser Cutting
Authors: Sýkorová Libuše , Šuba Oldřich , Pata Vladimír , Kubišová Milena
Published: April 2018

The presented paper deals with the problems associated with laser machining of metal materials. Specifically, it solves the question of structural changes that occur as a result of the transfer of heat to the material. Experimental machining of selected technical materials was carried out, and on the basis of the hardness measurement near the cutting point, the heat-affected zone was evaluated after passing the laser beam. To confirm the detection of the affected zone width the models of transient temperature field were arranged, to represent the distribution of temperature in the vicinity of the cutting edge.
Computer Analysis of Polyolefins Produced with Injection Molding Process Using Physical Blowing Agents
Authors: Brdlík Pavel , Sailor Nirav , Bobek Jiří
Published: April 2018

The complexity of today's plastic parts as well as the costs, quality makes it necessary to recognize potential errors early, already in the development phase of parts and moulds. Therefore, computer analysis became requisite part of any preprocessing phases. Due to the continuous effort decrease product weight and price many new techniques were developed recently. One relatively new end very effective technique is production of light construction products with using foaming agents. The main aim of this paper is therefore focuses on verification of computer analysis of Microcellular injection moulding process using physical blowing agents for the most used group of polymers which are polyolefins.
Industry 4.0, Logistics 4.0 and Materials - Chances and Solutions
Authors: Glistau Elke , Coello Machado Norge Isaias
Published: April 2018

Industry 4.0 and Logistics 4.0 are highly modern terms. They are connected with the common trend of digitalization, virtualization and networking of data and information. Typical is the implementation of new information and communication technologies into production and logistics practice. This will change the working conditions, processes as well as business models. “Industry 4.0” is the synonym for the 4-th industrial revolution in a general understanding. The term “Industry 4.0” was first used in a high-tech-strategy project of the German government in 2011 at the Hannover Fair. (Compare [1,2]) The paper describes the terms Industry 4.0 and Logistics 4.0 as two of the most important trends in production and logistics. It characterizes the big chances of this development. The paper gives an overview about important solutions in this area. (Compare [3]) Some new solutions are discussed according to material sciences, as it is also very important to develop and use new materials, which help to create smart solutions. Smart materials are created in the areas of e.g. laminated, composite and functionally graded materials, thermal and piezoelectric actuation, active and passive damping, vibrations and waves in smart structures. (Compare [4]) Smart materials allow the design and implementation of actuator, sensor fields and networks. Further examples are self-reporting materials, which autonomously report about problems and defects. This allows an evaluation and control of defects of components during their use and application. (Compare [5])
Multimicrophone Measurement of Semi-Active Samples in an Acoustic Tube
Authors: Kašpárek Michal , Černík Martin , Urbánková Jana , Mokrý Pavel
Published: April 2018

The sample of a piezoelectric semi-active shunt damping material is analyzed inside an acoustic tube. The measurement of reflected and transmitted acoustic wave through the sample is realized using 4-microphone measurement method. Acoustic properties of the sample with the emphasis on acoustic transmissibility are analyzed. The composite piezoelectric sample comprising of a piezoelectric material connected to a linear shunting circuit is described, also the multimicrophone measurement methods are described in detail and the results are discussed in context of semi-active sound damping.