bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an on-board system for diagnosing the technical condition of the tread surface of the wheels of wagons
Authors: Gadzhiev I. A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The aim of the study is to develop a basic configuration of the on-board system for diagnosing the technical condition of the wheels tread surface of a wagon while the train is running and to model its operation.Materials and methods. The theoretical studies are based on the methods of Lagrange's analytical mechanics, the theory of oscillations and classical electrodynamics. The simulation was carried out for a flat design scheme using numerical methods. The results were processed using the developed algorithm implemented in the programming language of the Mathcad system.Results. This article studies the problem of the negative impact of local wear of the wheel tread surface on the state of the carriage chassis of the car and the rail track, as well as on the safety of train traffic. The authors propose a basic configuration of an on-board system for diagnosing wheel pairs of a wagon with an autonomous power supply with a power of up to 10 W, which simultaneously acts as a sensor. A mathematical model of diagnostic signals for local wheel wear has been constructed, and an algorithm for their detection has been developed based on the results. A criterion for estimating the geometric parameters of wear is formulated and its threshold values for slots of various depths are calculated. Alarms have been identified that suggest a reduction in the speed of the train.Discussion and conclusion. The solution of the stated problem is important both in the operation of existing cars and in the development of new, innovative cars with an axle load of 27–30 tf and speeds of up to 140 km/h. Timely detection of local wear of the tread surface of wagon wheels will increase the level of traffic safety and reduce the cost of repairing cars and rail tracks.
Practical use of on-board fuel metering systems of diesel locomotives
Authors: Popov K. P.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. On-board fuel metering systems for diesel locomotives created by different manufacturers differ both in the composition of the sensors used and in the software for processing the registration data. This indicates that the pursuit of better efficiency for these systems is still ongoing and is an urgent problem.Materials and methods. The article discusses the problems of determining the fuel consumption according to the data of on-board fuel metering systems for diesel locomotives, associated with various methods for determining the moments of measuring the fuel amount in the tank. The possibility of estimating the influence of the number of position switches of the locomotive throttle on the indicators of absolute and specific fuel consumption has been studied.Results. In the absence of distance and speed sensors in the on-board system, it is proposed to determine the moments of measurement of the fuel amount based on the analysis of changes in the signals of the fuel level sensors over time. The authors present an example of the practical implementation of this solution. The results of on-board systems data processing are also presented, showing that the effect of the spread in the number of throttle position switches observed in ordinary operation of diesel shunter on fuel consumption is comparable to the error in determining this value according to the on-board systems data. The implementation of algorithms in specialised software designed to process data from onboard systems that allow identifying the indicated influence is relevant only for cases of extreme (by an order of magnitude) difference in the number of switching throttle positions in work shifts.Discussion and conclusion. The efficiency of the practical use of information from the on-board systems for metering fuel consumption of a diesel locomotive is largely determined by the quality of specialised software. When developing and improving software, it is recommended to use the approaches discussed in the article.
Avaliação da Eficiência do Transporte Público de Uberaba – MG utilizando Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA)
Authors: Machado A.L.B. , Falcão V. A. , Camioto F. C.
Published: December 2022

No Brasil, quase 25% da população utiliza o transporte coletivo por ônibus, sendo, desta forma, um modal imprescindível para a mobilidade urbana. Por outro lado, a eficiência de uma empresa é algo que precisa ser buscado em função da alta competitividade do mercado, e, quando se trata de empresas de transporte público e da pequena margem com que trabalham, é vital que sejam eficientes. O presente estudo objetiva avaliar a eficiência do transporte público coletivo na cidade de Uberaba – MG através da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) e seu modelo VRS (Variable Return Scale). A escolha do método levou em conta os resultados satisfatórios encontrados em pesquisas com outros modais, como no transporte aéreo, somado ao número, não tão expressivo, de pesquisas relacionadas ao transporte coletivo. Foram coletados dados de input e output referentes ao ano de 2015 de 40 linhas de ônibus da cidade de Uberaba, sendo elas geridas por duas diferentes empresas, Piracicabana e Líder, os quais foram processados pelo software SIAD. Constatou-se que apenas 7 linhas atingiram a eficiência de 100%, e buscou-se identificar possíveis alternativas e/ou soluções a curto prazo que pudessem levar as 33 DMUs restantes ao score máximo.
Análise das teorias de viga de Bernoulli e Timoshenko para vigas em diferentes condições de contorno
Authors: T. C. Silva
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo é analisado o comportamento estrutural de vigas utilizando as teorias de viga de Bernoulli e Timoshenko alterando-se a relação entre o vão e a altura da seção transversal e variando a condição de contorno do elemento estrutural. A geometria dos elementos estruturais analisados foram vigas de seção retangular, pôde-se constatar que para vigas isostáticas o efeito da distorção devido ao cisalhamento (teoria de Timoshenko) tem pouca influência no aumento dos deslocamentos, em vigas continuas esse efeito passa a ter uma maior contribuição, enquanto que para viga bi-encastrada esse efeito contribui de maneira significativa para o aumento dos deslocamentos na estrutura. Foram propostas relações limites de tamanho de vão e altura da seção transversal em função da condição de contorno para a consideração da distorção por cisalhamento.
The Effect of Power on Nitrate Synthesis and The Emission Intensities of Reactive Species Using Anodic Plasma Electrolysis
Authors: Harianingsih Harianingsih , Saksono Nelson , Karamah Eva Fathul , Zakaria Zainal
Published: December 2022

Nitrates are used as fertilizer to fulfill nutrients for plants. Anodic plasma electrolysis technology can be an effective and environmentally friendly solution in nitrogen fixation into nitrate compounds. This research aimed to determine the effect of controlling voltage and power in nitrate synthesis using plasma electrolysis with air as the raw material injected at the anode. The material used is an electrolyte solution of 0.02 M K2SO4, the electrodes used are in the form of tungsten and stainless steel, and a nitrate reagent is used for the nitrate test. The results of the study showed that at 400 W, the optimal rate was 0.8 L men-1 with 1889 mg L-1 of nitrate formed. While at 500 W and 600 W, the optimal rate of 1 L men-1 with nitrate formed was 2213 mg L-1 and 2453 mg L-1. The emission intensities of reactive species N, N2*, N2+,•OH, •H, and •O at an optimal rate of 0.8 L men-1 400 W 700 V in 20139 au, 28540 au, 18023 au, 30863 au, 12547 au, 49800 au. The addition of air injection will increase the oxygen input into the plasma zone, which can produce reactive species •O and nitrogen produces reactive species N, N2*, N2+ forms NO. The formed NO compounds can be oxidized to NO2, and the reaction between NO2 and reactive species •OH forms nitrates.
The in-vitro Antioxidant Properties of Crude Drugs Traditionally Used for Diabetes Management in Northern Banyumas
Authors: Hartanti Dwi , Charisma Shintia Lintang , Agustina Widya , Sary Rizky Destya , Putri Denia Awanda , Hamad Alwani
Published: December 2022

Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) leaves, Malayan cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) fruits, and Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H.Rob.) leaves are used for traditional diabetes treatment by Banyumas (Central Java, Indonesia) people. This study characterized selected quality parameters, evaluated the in-vitro antioxidant activity as the preliminary assay for its antidiabetic activity, and calculated the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of those crude drugs. The plant materials of each species were collected from three different areas in Banyumas and dried into crude drugs. The quality parameters were determined according to the standard method in the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia (IHP) 2017. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the standard 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, while TFC and TPC were analyzed following standard methods in IHP 2017. The correlations between antioxidant activities and the TFC-TPC were analyzed by Pearson's correlation test. The values for acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying, total ash, ethanol extractable, and water-extractable of all crude drugs were quantified, with TPC and TFC proposed as the chemical content parameter for Malayan cherry fruits and Yacon leaves. Yacon leaves and Malayan cherry fruits contained the highest TFC and TPC at 8.01±0.72 mg Quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry weight (DW) and 11.54±1.44 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. Malayan cherry fruits exerted the strongest DPPH scavenging activity (366.13±17.65 mM Trolox equivalent (TE)/g DW) and FRAP (1025.33±50.47 mM TE/g DW). Moderate to strong correlations were observed between DPPH radical scavenging activity – FRAP and TFC-TPC of Malayan cherry fruits and Yacon leaves. Hence, flavonoids and phenolic compounds of both crude drugs contributed to their antioxidant activity.
Isolation and Identification of β-sitosterol, 7-hydroxystigmast-22-en-3,6-dione and 3β, 24(S)-dihydroxycholesta-5, 25-diene-7-one from stem bark of Nauclea pobeguinii
Authors: Adepoju Adewusi John , Oladoye Sunday Olusegun , Ayodele Ezekiel Temidayo , Falade Adeola Victoria , Lim Gin Keat , OO Chuan Wei
Published: December 2022

The stem bark of the Nauclea pobeguinii was collected, air-dried, and pulverized and was extracted with solvent of varying polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) to obtain the crude extracts. Silica gel column and thin layer chromatographic separation afforded three compounds whose structures were elucidated as β-sitosterol (1), 7-hydroxystigmast-22-en-3.6-dione (2), and 3β, 24(S)-dihydroxycholesta-5, 25-dien-7-one (3) by analysis of their chemical and spectral characteristic from 1D and 2DNMR, FTIR and by comparing of data with those reported in the literature.
Antifungal Activities of Phytochemicals from Annona muricate (Sour Sop): Molecular Docking and Chemoinformatics Approach
Authors: Abdul-Hammed Misbaudeen , Olaide Ibrahim Adedotun , Adegoke Hadijat Motunrayo , Olajide Monsurat , Osilade Oluwasegun Johnson , Afolabi Tolulope Irapada , Abdul-Hammed Adelayo Idayat
Published: December 2022

Fungal infection has become a persistent problem in humans and is sometimes life-threatening in immune-compromised individuals. This work aims to study phytochemicals from Annona muricata (sour sop) as probable antifungal agents against Candida albicans sterol 14α-demethylase target receptor by Computer Aided-Drug Design (CADD) approach using voriconazole and fluconazole as standard drugs. A modern method of drug discovery by molecular docking and chemoinformatics was used to screen 131 isolated phytochemicals with medicinal properties from Annona muricata against Candida albicans ‘sterol 14α-demethylase, a prominent target receptor for most anti-fungal drugs, towards the development of new anti-fungal therapeutic agents and a new approach to treat patients with fungal infections. The compounds were all subjected to analyses like ADMET, drug-likeness, bioactivity, oral-bioavailability and PASS. The results of the docking simulation and chemoinformatics analyses showed that muricin M (-7.9 kcal/mol), chlorogenic acid (-8.2 kcal/mol), roseoside (-8.5 kcal/mol) and caffeoylquinic acid (-8.1 kcal/mol) are potential drug candidates for treating fungal infections due to their excellent properties such as binding affinities, ADMET profile, drug-likeness, bioactivity, binding mode and interactions with the target receptor. Thus, muricin M, chlorogenic acid, roseoside and caffeoylquinic acid are recommended for further analyses towards the development of further antifungal drugs.
Counter Narrative: Weapon in the Battle against Jihadism
Authors: Galindo Carmelo Jesús Aguilera
Published: December 2022

On 9/11 2001, as a result of the attacks carried out against various targets in the US, the world changed in many ways. New terms for the vast majority of society, new ways of carrying out terrorism, came to the fore. The globalization of Terror had arrived. And all this expanded exponentially by a new element that came into our lives such as the Internet. A tool that can be used for good, as has been demonstrated by the Covid-19 pandemic, but that is also used for illicit purposes by more or less organized crime and, of course, by terrorism.Thus comes a new phenomenon such as the counter-narrative with which states must work as one of the different tools with which to combat terrorism, both of a jihadist nature or ideology, which is what is currently the most latent danger against which the whole world is facing, but without forgetting the extreme right and left.
The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, Analyzed Through the Lens of a Cultural Materialism
Authors: Sulaiman Dr. Mohammed Hamad
Published: December 2022

Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye follows a young black woman as she grapples with the conflicting pressures of the black beauty ideal and the reality of violence in the black community. Morrison shows that even the most well-intentioned people may damage one another in the story when they are bound by poverty and social disgrace. Morrison argues that people's desire to use violence is a misperception. According to them, negative expressions of love lead to distortion, which in turn causes agony.
Major Advances in Monkeypox Vaccine Research and Development – An Update
Authors: Chandran Deepak , Nandanagopal V.G. , Gopan Malu , Megha K. , Hari Sankar C.R. , Muhammad Aslam M.K. , Savanth V. Vishnu , Pran M. , Nainu Firzan , Yatoo Mohd. Iqbal , Ebad Ur Rehman Mohammad , Chopra Hitesh , Emran Talha Bin , Dey Abhijit , Sharma Anil K. , A. Saied AbdulRahman , Dhama Kuldeep
Published: December 2022

Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease that is endemic to the western and central regions of Africa and it is caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is classified as a member of the Poxviridae family, specifically the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and the Orthopoxvirus genus. The current multiregional outbreak of MPX, which started in May of 2022, has since swiftly spread across the globe and thus has been declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). Protective immunity against MPXV can be achieved by administering a smallpox vaccination, as the two viruses share antigenic properties. Although smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980, the vaccine campaign was halted the following year, leaving the population with significantly less immunity than it had before. The potential for human-to-human transmission of MPXV has grown as a result. Due to the lack of a particular treatment for MPX infection, anti-viral medications initially designed for the smallpox virus are being employed. However, the prognosis for MPX may vary depending on factors like immunization history, pre-existing illnesses, and comorbidities, even though the majority of persons who develop MPX have a mild, self-limiting illness. Vaccines and antiviral drugs are being researched as potential responses to the latest 2022 MPX epidemic. The first-generation smallpox vaccinations maintained in national stockpiles of several countries are not recommended due to not meeting the current safety and manufacturing criteria, as stated by the WHO. Newer, safer (second- and third-generation) smallpox vaccines, such as JYNNEOSTM, which has been licensed for the prevention of MPX, are indicated as potentially useful in the interim guideline. Studies on vaccines and antiviral drugs are still being investigated as possible remedies to the recent MPX outbreak. This mini-review article serves as a retrospective look at the evolution of smallpox vaccines from their inception in the 1700s to the current trends up to the end of year 2022, specifically for developing monkeypox vaccines.
INVESTIGATING TOURISM STUDENTS’ INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY LEVELS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: KULUŞAKLI Emine
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the intercultural sensitivity level of associate degree students studying Cooking and Tourism and Hotel Management in a state university in Turkey. The study also investigated the students’ intercultural sensitivity level according to some variables such as gender, age, major and grade. For this purpose, the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (Chen & Starosta, 2000) which was adapted into Turkish by Öğüt and Olkun (2018) was conducted as a quantitative data collecting instrument in order to measure the students’ intercultural sensitivity level. The scale had also a separate part including students’ demographic information. The data were collected through a face- to-face survey in spring term in 2022. They were firstly coded and then analyzed through SPSS 20. Additionally, t-test and one-way ANOVA tests were conducted. The results of the study indicated that students’ respect for cultural differences and interaction enjoyment level was found to be very high while interaction attentiveness, interaction engagement and interaction confidence levels were high. Moreover, it appeared that such variables as gender, age, major and grade did not influence students’ intercultural sensitivity perceptions.
BAĞLAMA EĞİTİMİNDE KULLANILAN METOTLARDA PARMAK NUMARALARININ KULLANILMA DURUMU
Authors: ŞAHİN Celal , BULUT Ferit
Published: December 2022

Her çalgıda olduğu gibi bağlamada da metot kullanımı tekniği geliştirmek için çok önemlidir. Metotlarda duruş, oturuş, tutuş, sağ el konumu, tezene tutuşu çoğu zaman fotoğraflar ya da şekillerle gösterilir. Fakat parmak numarası gösterilmesi de diğer unsurlar kadar önemlidir. Çünkü çalgıya teknik hâkimiyet doğru parmak numaralarını kullanabilmeden geçer. Bağlama eğitiminde parmak numaralarının kullanım eksikliği teknik hâkimiyet ve icra açısından önemli bir kusurdur. Doğru parmak numaralarını kullanamamak çalgıya teknik hakimiyeti azaltacağı gibi fazla efor sarf etmeye, sesleri temiz basamamaya, aceliteye yönelik eserlerin çalımında da zorluk yaşanmasına neden olacağı gibi çalan kişinin icrasını olumsuz yönde etkiler. Dolayısıyla bağlama eğitimine yönelik oluşturulmuş bağlama metotlarında parmak numaralarının gösterilmesi bu çalgının eğitimi açısından çok önemlidir. Metotlarda parmak numaraları verilmediği takdirde ya da eğitici kaynaklı farklı parmak numaraları verilmesi durumunda bağlama eğitiminde teknik ve icrasal kusurlar ortaya çıkacağı gibi bu kusurlar çalgıda ilerleyebilmenin önünde büyük bir engel oluşturacaktır. Bu nedenler ile araştırmada Türkiye’de bağlama eğitiminde kullanılan metotlarda yer alan etüt ve türkülerde parmak numarası kullanılma durumunun incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, betimsel türdedir ve ilgili veriler doküman incelemesi ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunda başlangıç bağlama öğretimine yönelik olarak yazılanlardan en yaygın olarak kullanıldığı tespit edilen 9 adet uzun sap bağlama metodu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma bulguları doğrultusunda, başlangıç bağlama öğretimine yönelik olarak yazılanlardan uzun sap bağlama metotlarının büyük bir kısmında yer alan etütlerde ve türkülerde parmak numarası kullanıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A cavalaria nas crônicas da Batalha de Crécy (1346)
Authors: Silva Costa Ives Leocelso
Published: December 2022

RESUMO: O século XIV é considerado uma época de transição no cenário bélico medieval. Percebe-se uma escalada da violência com o aumento dos engajamentos, de sua duração e do quantitativo de combatentes nos exércitos. Observa-se também uma revalorização das tropas de infantaria, em detrimento da cavalaria pesada, que já foi tida como a força dominante nos campos de batalha medievais. Este artigo pretende analisar como a Cavalaria – pensada aqui como o conjunto de valores relacionados aos feitos de armas da nobreza – mantinha seu vigor no século XIV, manifestando-se nas narrativas cronísticas acerca de um dos confrontos mais representativos do tema da “decadência da Cavalaria”: a Batalha de Crécy (1346).
A utilização do termo “patria” no passado medieval português: uma análise da Vida y hechos heroicos del gran condestable de Portugal
Authors: Vianna Luciano José
Published: December 2022

No âmbito da historiografia medieval, em diversos momentos encontramos uma relação minuciosa entre o presente e o passado. Tal relação favoreceu, no ato historiográfico, a transição de elementos entre estes dois tempos, e muitas das vezes transportando significados entre os mesmos. Neste artigo, analisamos o objeto historiográfico Vida y hechos heroicos del gran condestable de Portugal D. Nuño Alvares Pereyra Conde de Barcelos, de Rodrigo Méndez Silva (1607-1670), composto entre o final de 1639 e a metade de 1640, e impresso em 1640. Nosso objetivo é analisar a transferência do termo “patria” do contexto de composição da obra (anos 1639-1640) para o passado medieval português (anos 1360-1431, referente à vida de Dom Nuno Álvares Pereira), para compreender o significado histórico desta obra em seu contexto de composição.
Application of Geometric Product Specifications on gearbox component drawings
Authors: Malakova Silvia , Sivak Samuel , Neumann Vojtech
Published: December 2022

Technical documentation of individual gearbox components is an important part of the production process. For the development and production of these components, an improved engineering tool is used to specify and verify the geometry of the workpiece - Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) system. This system is intended only for checking geometry and is based on computational mathematics and correct, consistent logic using general sets of rules. This paper is devoted to the application of geometric tolerances used in drawings to components of gearboxes, such as gearbox bodies, shafts, covers, and gears.
EXPLICIT DIGITAL MODELS OF LINEAR COMPLEXES
Authors: Rozhkov Aleksandr , Galishnikova Vera
Published: December 2022

It is obvious that the interoperability of existing digital models is insufficient. Current research on model view definitions and on their semantic enrichment addresses the issue of good interpretation of the results of existing models to improve interoperability. The alternative research presented in this paper is not concerned with interpretation. Instead, the influence of modifications in the geometric and topological concepts of the digital models themselves on their interoperability is investigated. The geometric and topological attributes of the models are made as explicit as possible. Two-dimensional line drawings are replaced by three-dimensional linear complexes to reduce the need for implicit information. The topology of a complex is described with topological tables containing all elements of the model, thus replacing the geometric neighborhood concept of the industry foundation classes. A highly efficient algorithm for the construction of new topological tables of large buildings is presented. The difficulties encountered in modifying existing topological tables are analyzed and solved. Topological and geometric aspects of linear complexes that cannot be treated explicitly with topological tables are identified and presented.
CONCRETE DEFORMATION MODEL FOR RECONSTRUCTED REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors: Travush Vladimir , Murashkin Vasily
Published: December 2022

During the reconstruction, or upon expiration of the service life, as well as after external impact, reinforced concrete structures require examination and verification calculations. Existing diagrams of concrete deformation are focused on designing new structures and are not adapted to the concretes of the reconstructed structures. Using the world experience in describing alloy deformation, the concrete deformation model based on using the Arrhenius equation is proposed in this article. A technique for creating an individual deformations model during the reconstruction is demonstrated on a specific example. The physical meaning of the coefficients used in the proposed model is illustrated. Examples confirming the adequacy of the proposed concrete deformations model during the reconstruction are given.
Fungsi Kognitif Anak Dengan Epilepsi Umum
Authors: Suwarba I Gusti Ngurah Made , Wati Ni Wayan Kurnia
Published: December 2022

Children with epilepsy may experience cognitive impairment due to the effects of structural lesions or seizure activity. This study aims to determine the cognitive function of children with general epilepsy. This study was a cross-sectional design that included children aged 6 to 68 months with general epilepsy in the polyclinic and pediatric ward of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar from September 2013 to January 2015. All children who participated in this study were subjected to a Mullen scale examination. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. In 93 children with general epilepsy, there was a significant correlation between the level of cognitive function and seizure frequency >10 times with an odds ratio 6.067 (95% CI 2.002-18.388, p value 0.001) and seizure duration ≥15 minutes with an odds ratio 6.006 (95% CI 1,817-20,246, p value 0.003). In this study, it can be concluded that seizure frequency >10 times and seizure duration ≥15 minutes in children with general epilepsy have a positive relationship of 6 times with the abnormal cognitive function. Further studies are needed to determine cognitive development of children with general epilepsy.

Abstrak

Anak dengan epilepsi dapat mengalami gangguan kognitif berkaitan dengan efek dari lesi struktural maupun aktivitas kejang. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui fungsi kognitif anak dengan epilepsi umum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang mengikutsertakan anak usia 6 sampai 68 bulan dengan epilepsi umum di poliklinik dan ruang perawatan anak RSUP Sanglah Denpasar pada bulan September 2013 hingga Januari 2015. Semua anak yang ikut serta dalam penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan skala Mullen. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji kai kuadrat dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Pada 93 anak dengan epilepsi umum, didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara fungsi kognitif dengan frekuensi kejang >10 kali dengan rasio odds 6,067 (nilai p=0,001, 95% CI 2,002-18,388) dan lama kejang ≥15 menit dengan rasio odds 6,006 (nilai p=0,003, 95% CI 1,817-20,246). Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa frekuensi kejang >10 kali dan lama kejang ≥15 menit pada anak dengan epilepsi umum memiliki hubungan yang positif sebesar 6 kali terhadap fungsi kognitif abnormal. Penelitian lanjutan perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui perkembangan fungsi kognitif anak dengan epilepsi umum.
Preeliminary Study Efektivitas Bengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus) dan Jahe (Zingiber officinale roscoe) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Pasien Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Suharto Idola Perdana Sulistyoning , Yunalia Endang Mei
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is condition of a lipid metabolism disorder that characterized by high levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and low levels of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Pharmacological therapy in dyslipidemia has several side effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of yam bean (Pachyrrhizus erosus) and ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) on total cholesterol levels of diabetics with the risk of dyslipidemia. This research is a comparative analytic study using the one-group pretest-posttest design approach. Samples were divided into two groups, namely the yam bean juice treatment group and ginger water treatment group. Yam bean juice and ginger water are given 2 times a day for 7 days. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed ranked test and paired T-test. The results of this study are that there is no difference in total cholesterol before and after administration of yam bean juice and there is a difference in total cholesterol before and after administration of ginger water. Ginger water (Zingiber officinale roscoe) is more effective than yam bean juice (Pachyrrhizus erosus) in decreasing the total cholesterol level of diabetics with the risk of dyslipidemia.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe), total cholesterol, yam bean (Pachyrrhizus erosus)

Abstrak

Dislipidemia merupakan kondisi metabolisme lipid yang tidak normal, ditandai dengan tingginya kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), akan tetapi kadar kolesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) rendah. Terapi farmakologi pada dislipidemia memiliki beberapa efek samping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas bengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus) dan jahe (Zingiber officinale roscoe) terhadap kadar kolesterol total penderita diabetes melitus (DM) dengan risiko dislipidemia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik komparasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan the one group pretest–posttest design. Sample pada penelitian ini dikelompokkan menjadi 2 yaitu kelompok perlakuan jus bengkuang dan kelompok perlakuan air rebusan jahe. Jus bengkuang dan air rebusan jahe diberikan 2 kali sehari selama 7 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan wilcoxon signed ranked test dan paired T-test. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tidak ada perbedaan kolesterol total sebelum dan sesudah pemberian jus bengkuang dan terdapat perbedaan kolesterol total sebelum dan sesudah pemberian air rebusan jahe. Pemberian air rebusan jahe (Zingiber officinale roscoe) lebih efektif dibandingkan jus bengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus) dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total penderita DM dengan risiko dislipidemia.

Kata kunci: bengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus), diabetes melitus, jahe (Zingiber officinale roscoe), kolesterol total
Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik, Ekspresi p53, dan Bcl-2 dari Ekstrak Fraksi Herba Kelakai (Stenochleana palustris (Burm.F.) Bedd.) terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D
Authors: Safitri Rika Arfiana , Saptarini Opstaria , Sunarni Titik
Published: December 2022

Abstrak

Kanker payudara merupakan kanker yang menyerang jaringan epitel payudara. Terapi kanker dengan obat-obatan dapat memiliki efek samping sehingga potensi bahan alam mulai dikembangkan sebagai obat antikanker. Herba kelakai (Stenochleana palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd.) merupakan bahan alam sebagai alternatif pengobatan kanker. Sel T47D adalah model sel kanker payudara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak, fraksi n-heksan, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi air dari herba kelakai terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D dan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak dan fraksi herba kelakai terhadap ekspresi p53 dan Bcl-2. Herba kelakai diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. Uji sitotoksik dilakukan dengan metode uji methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay pada sel kanker payudara T47D dan Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) reader. Ekspresi p53 dan Bcl-2 dilakukan dengan uji imunositokimia. Fraksi n-heksan dan etil asetat herba kelakai memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D dengan nilai IC50 86,99 μg/mL dan 98,43 μg/mL, sedangkan fraksi air tidak memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik dengan nilai IC50 >1000 μg/mL. Ekstrak dan fraksi n-heksan herba kelakai dapat meningkatkan ekspresi p53 dan menurunkan ekspresi protein Bcl-2.Kata kunci: Bcl-2, Herba kelakai (Stenochleana palustris), p53, sel kanker payudara T47D, sitotoksik

AbstractBreast cancer is cancer that attacks the epithelial tissue of the breast. Cancer therapy with drugs have side effects to human, so the potency of natural ingredients is developed as anticancer drugs. Kelakai herbs (Stenochleana palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd.) is a natural ingredient as an alternative treatment for cancer. T47D cells are a model for breast cancer cells. This research aims to examine the cytotoxic activity of extracts, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of kelakai herbs against T47D breast cancer cells and to determine the effect of extract and fraction of kelakai herbs to p53 and Bcl-2 expression. The herbs were extracted by maceration method. A cytotoxic test was performed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay on T47D breast cancer cells and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) reader. The expression of p53 and Bcl-2 was carried out the immunocytochemical test. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of kelakai herbs had cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 86.99μg/mL and 98.43μg/mL, the water fraction did not have cytotoxic activity with IC50 values >1000μg/mL. Extract and n-hexane fraction of kelakai herb can increase p53 expression and decrease Bcl-2 protein expression.

Keywords: Bcl-2, the breast cancer T47D cells, cytotoxic, kelakai herbs (Stenochleana palustris), p53
PENGUKURAN TIMBAL PADA AIR SUNGAI DAN BIOINDIKATOR LOKAL DI SUNGAI BRANTAS KOTA KEDIRI, PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Sidjabat Forman Novrindo , Alwi Vichy , Mahmudi Mahmudi , Puspitasari Yuli
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Heavy metal contamination has become one of the priorities of global public health problems since it was first published in 1848 as a cause of disease. This study aims to obtain the latest conditions of lead (Pb) contamination along the Brantas River in Kediri City. Sampels were river water and local bio-indicators B. gonionotus (bader fish)   and Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach). Data collected usingI 6989.8: 2009 for river water, SNI 2354.5: 2011 B. gonionotus and SNI 01-2896-1998 for water spinach. The results of the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) examination at the BARISTAND Laboratory in Surabaya City were compared with the Pb threshold value according to PP No 82 of 2001 for river water, SNI 2729: 2013 for B. gonionotus, and SNI 7387: 2009 for Ipomoea aquatica. Pb contamination in Brantas River is caused by vehicle fuel discharges that cross the bridge before the sampling point, domestic waste, and agriculture. Therefore, river conservation policies and supervision of the industrial and domestic sectors around the Brantas River basin across sectors and across regions are needed. In addition, water treatment techniques for Brantas River water is needed so that in the future it can be consumed.

Keywords: Lead contamination, Brantas River, bioindicators, B. gonionotus, Ipomoea aquatica

 

ABSTRAK

Cemaran logam berat menjadi salah satu prioritas masalah kesehatan masyarakat secara global sejak dipublikasikan pertama kali di tahun 1848 sebagai penyebab penyakit. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan mendapatkan kondisi terbaru cemaran timbal (Pb) di sepanjang Sungai Brantas Kota Kediri. Sampel adalah air sungai dan bioindikator lokal B. gonionotus (ikan bader)   dan  Ipomoea aquatica (kangkung air) yang dikumpulkan menggunakan SNI 6989.8:2009 untuk air sungai, SNI 2354.5:2011 untuk ikan bader, dan SNI 01-2896-1998 untuk kangkung air. Hasil pemeriksaan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) di Laboratorium BARISTAND Kota Surabaya, Kadar Pb melebihi ambang batas serta lokasi titik pengambilannya untuk sampel air sungai adalah 0.05 mg/L (sebelum), 0,25 mg/L (setelah), dan 0,33 mg/L (di Sungai Jong Biru); sampel ikan bader adalah 0,453 mg/kg (setelah Sungai Jong Biru), dan sampel kangkung air adalah 3,29 mg/kg (di bawah Jembatan Mrican). Kontaminasi Pb di Sungai Brantas disebabkan oleh buangan bahan bakar kendaraan yang melintas di jembatan sebelum titik pengambilan sampel, limbah domestik, dan pertanian. Diperlukan kebijakan konservasi perairan sungai dan pengawasan industri dan domestik disekitar DAS Brantas, serta perlu disiapkan teknik pengolahan air Sungai Brantas sehingga di masa depan dapat dikonsumsi.

Kata kunci: Kontaminasi timbal, Sungai Brantas, bioindikator, B. gonionotus, Ipomoea aquatica
FRONT MATTER JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN VOL 19 NO.3 TAHUN 2020
Authors: Managerxot Jek
Published: December 2022

FRONT MATTER JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN VOL 19 NO.3 TAHUN 2020
KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS MINUMAN THAI TEA PINGGIR JALAN: STUDI KASUS EMPAT KECAMATAN SEKITAR KAWASAN INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SUMATERA DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Asril Muhammad , Rini Ika Agus , Agustin Revi , Ivanka Tarra , Putri Azisa Nabila
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Beverages that are widely sold on the roadside are very easily contaminated by various types of bacteria that are harmful to health. This study aims to detect the presence of bacteria in Thai tea drinks sold on the roadside along the Sumatran Institute of Technology (ITERA) area. The research design was cross-sectional using a descriptive approach which was carried out in October 2019. Detection of bacteria using specific medium Desoxycholate Lactose Sucrose (DCLS) and Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) from 25 samples located in 4 villages around the ITERA area. A total of 25 samples were tested, all Thai tea samples were contaminated with bacteria and did not qualify as a drink fit for consumption. Thai tea from Tanjung Happy (TS) District has the highest Enterobacteriaceae contamination, namely 55-65x104 cfu/ml, namely Klebsiella sp. (30x105 cfu/ml), E. coli (15x105 cfu/ml), Salmonella sp. (15x105 cfu/ml) and Proteus sp. (15x105 cfu/ml). The presence of these bacteria is an early indication of the potential for disease and the seller's lack of personal hygiene which includes water sources and raw materials for making Thai tea. Therefore, knowledge to sellers regarding overall cleanliness needs to be improved.

Keywords: Beverages, bacteria Contaminant, Lampung Province, Thai tea

 

ABSTRAK

Berbagai jenis minuman yang banyak dijual dipinggir jalan sangat mudah terkontaminasi oleh berbagai jenis bakteri yang membahayakan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan bakteri dalam minuman Thai tea yang dijual dipinggir jalan sepanjang kawasan Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA). Disain penelitian adalah potong lintang menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2019. Deteksi bakteri menggunakan medium spesifik Desoxycholate Lactose Sucrose (DCLS) dan Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) dari 25 sampel yang berada di 4 kelurahan di sekitar wilayah ITERA. Sebanyak 25 sampel yang diuji, seluruh sampel Thai tea terkontaminasi oleh bakteri dan tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai minuman layak konsumsi. Thai tea yang berasal dari Kecamatan Tanjung Senang (TS) memiliki cemaran Enterobacteriaceae tertinggi yaitu 55-65x104 cfu/ml, yaitu Klebsiella sp. (30x105 cfu/ml), E. coli (15x105 cfu/ml), Salmonella sp. (15x105 cfu/ml) dan Proteus sp. (15x105 cfu/ml). Keberadaan bakteri ini merupakan indikasi awal adanya potensi munculnya penyakit dan rendahnya kebersihan pribadi penjual yang melingkupi, sumber air dan bahan baku pembuatan Thai tea. Pengetahuan penjual terkait kebersihan secara keseluruhan perlu ditingkatkan.

Kata kunci: Minuman, bakteri kontaminan, Provinsi Lampung, Thai tea
PENGARUH PENYAKIT PENYERTA/KOMORBID DAN KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DENGAN KEJADIAN COVID-19 DI KOTA BOGOR TAHUN 2020
Authors: Senewe Felly Philipus , Pracoyo Noer Endah , Marina Rina , Letelay Alfons M , Sulistiyowati Ning
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of confirmed COVID-19 cases is high and tends to increase, becoming the main cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the relationship between comorbidities and individual characteristics on the incidence of COVID-19 cases in Bogor City in 2020. The research method is case controlith a sample of 289 consisting of 148 cases and 141 controls (1:1). Datas were collected online using a structured questionnaire, taken from the medical record of 5 hospitals in Bogor City who had been treated. Samples were obtained from March to September 2020. Data were analyzed univariate to see the descriptive picture, bivariate to obtain crude OR, andultivariate using logistic regression method to obtain adjusted OR. The results of multivariate analysis showed a relationship between confirmed cases of COVID-19 and several risk factors include marriage factor (OR = 2.69 at 95% CI 1.54-4.70 with p value = 0.00), diabetes Mellitus (OR=3.07 at 95%CI 1.27-7.41 with p=0.01) and risk age group factors (OR=3.44 at 95%CI 2.00-5.90 with a p=0.00). In conclusion the risk factors for the incidence of COVID-19 cases are married residents, people suffering diabetes mellitus, and residents at the risk age group (18-59 years) in Bogor City.

Keywords: COVID-19, comorbid, individual characteristics, Bogor city

 

ABSTRAK

Prevalensi kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 yang tinggi dan cenderung meningkat menjadi penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian. Banyak hasil penelitian tentang faktor risiko terjadinya kasus COVID-19 yang hasilnya sangat bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara komorbid/penyakit penyerta dan karakteristik individu terhadap kejadian kasus COVID-19 di Kota Bogor tahun 2020. Rancangan penelitian adalah case-control dengan sampel sebanyak 289 yang terdiri dari 148 kasus dan 141 kontrol (1:1). Data dikumpulkan secara daring menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur melalui aplikasi yang didapat dari data rekam medis 5 Rumah Sakit di Kota Bogor. Sampel diambil dari bulan Maret s.d. September 2020 yang pernah di rawat di RS. Data dianalisis secara univariat melihat gambaran deskriptif, secara bivariat mendapatkan crude OR dan multivariat dengan metode regresi logistic untuk mendapatkan adjusted OR. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan hubungan antara kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 dengan beberapa faktor risiko di antaranya: faktor perkawinan (OR=2,69 pada 95%CI 1,54-4,70 dengan nilai p=0,00), faktor menderita diabetes mellitus (OR=3,07 pada 95%CI 1,27-7,41 dengan nilai p=0,01) dan faktor kelompok umur berisiko (OR=3,44 pada 95%CI 2,00-5,90 dengan nilai p=0,00). Kesimpulan bahwa faktor risiko kejadian kasus COVID-19 ialah penduduk yang sudah menikah, penduduk yang menderita sakit diabetes mellitus dan penduduk pada kelompok umur yang berisiko (18-59 tahun) di Kota Bogor.

Kata kunci: COVID-19, comorbid, karakteristik individu, kota Bogor
KASUS-KASUS KERACUNAN JAMUR LIAR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Putra Ivan Permana
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Wild mushrooms are one of the germplasm which have been consumed for decades. Besides the good nutritional content for health, some of wild mushrooms which identical to edible mushrooms are known to have toxins that can cause poisoning. To date, despite the high numbers of poisoning cases, information regarding cases of wild mushroom poisoning in Indonesia are not properly organized. This paper is a literature-based quantitative study by reviewing and validating all reports of mushroom poisoning in Indonesia during the 2010-2020 period. The results showed that over the last 10 years, there have been 76 cases of poisoning due to consumption of wild mushrooms in Indonesia. A total of 550 people became victims and 9 of them died. The wild mushroom genera suspected to be the cause of poisoning include: Amanita sp. (egg phase), Calvatia sp., Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites, Clitocybe sp., Coprinellus sp., Coprinopsis sp., Coprinus sp., Galerina sp., Inocybe sp., Lepiota sp., Macrocybe sp., Macrolepiota sp., Panaeolus sp., Parasola sp., Psilocybe sp., and Scleroderma sp. (old phase). The good collaboration between the government, researchers, citizens, and journalists in documenting the character of the mushroom that causes poisoning needs to be done to create a database of poisonous mushrooms in Indonesia. This is expected to be able to prevent the incidence of wild mushroom poisoning in Indonesia.

Keywords: Wild Mushrooms, Poisoning, Indonesia

 

ABSTRAK

Jamur liar merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang telah dikonsumsi dalam waktu yang lama. Selain memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang baik untuk kesehatan, beberapa kelompok jamur liar sulit dibedakan dengan jamur edible dan diketahui memiliki toksin yang mampu menyebabkan keracunan. Hingga saat ini, walaupun telah terjadi berulang kali, informasi mengenai kasus-kasus keracunan  jamur liar di Indonesia masih belum dirapihkan dengan baik. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif berbasis literatur dengan menelaah dan memvalidasi semua laporan keracunan jamur di Indonesia selama periode 2010-2020. Hasil koleksi informasi menunjukkan bahwa selama 10 tahun terakhir, telah terjadi 76 kasus keracunan akibat pengkonsumsian jamur liar di Indonesia. Sebanyak 550 orang menjadi korban dan 9 diantaranya meninggal dunia. Genus-genus jamur liar yang diduga menjadi penyebab keracunan diantaranya adalah : Amanita sp. (fase telur), Calvatia sp., Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites, Clitocybe sp., Coprinellus sp., Coprinopsis sp., Coprinus sp., Galerina sp., Inocybe sp., Lepiota sp., Macrocybe sp., Macrolepiota sp., Panaeolus sp., Parasola sp., Psilocybe sp., dan Scleroderma sp. (fase tua). Kolaborasi yang baik antara pemerintah, peneliti, masyarakat, dan jurnalis dalam pendokumentasian karakter jamur penyebab keracunan perlu dilakukan untuk membuat database infomasi jamur liar beracun di Indonesia. Hal ini diharapkan mampu untuk mencegah kejadian keracunan jamur liar di Indonesia.

Kata kunci: Jamur Liar, Keracunan, Indonesia