bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Quantum Theory of Fields
Authors: Weinberg Steven
Published: May 2013

The Quantum Theory of Fields, first published in 1996, is a self-contained, comprehensive introduction to quantum field theory from Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg. Volume II gives an account of the methods of quantum field theory, and how they have led to an understanding of the weak, strong, and electromagnetic interactions of the elementary particles. The presentation of modern mathematical methods is throughout interwoven with accounts of the problems of elementary particle physics and condensed matter physics to which they have been applied. Many topics are included that are not usually found in books on quantum field theory. The book is peppered with examples and insights from the author's experience as a leader of elementary particle physics. Exercises are included at the end of each chapter.
The Quantum Theory of Fields
Authors: Weinberg Steven
Published: May 2013

In this third volume of The Quantum Theory of Fields, available for the first time in paperback, Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg continues his masterly exposition of quantum field theory. This volume presents a self-contained, up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to supersymmetry, a highly active area of theoretical physics. The text introduces and explains a broad range of topics, including supersymmetric algebras, supersymmetric field theories, extended supersymmetry, supergraphs, non-perturbative results, theories of supersymmetry in higher dimensions, and supergravity. A thorough review is given of the phenomenological implications of supersymmetry, including theories of both gauge and gravitationally-mediated supersymmetry breaking. Also provided is an introduction to mathematical techniques, based on holomorphy and duality, that have proved so fruitful in recent developments. This book contains much material not found in other books on supersymmetry, including previously unpublished results. Exercises are included.
Equilibrium moisture content of dead fine fuels of selected central European tree species
Authors: Schunk Christian , Leutner Clemens , Leuchner Michael , Wastl Clemens , Menzel Annette
Published: May 2013

Fine fuel moisture content is a key parameter in fire danger and behaviour applications. For modelling purposes, equilibrium moisture content (EMC) curves are an important input parameter. This paper provides EMC data for central European fuels and adds methodological considerations that can be used to improve existing test procedures. Litter samples of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) were subjected to three different experiments using conditioning in a climate chamber and above saturated salt solutions. Climate chamber conditioning yielded the best results and can generally be recommended, however saturated salt solutions are able to produce lower relative humidities, which are relevant to forest fire applications as they represent the highest fire danger. Results were within the range of published sorption isotherms for forest fine fuels. A fairly clear gradation was present with higher EMC values in leaf litters than in needle litters. These differences are in accord with values from the literature and suggest general differences in the sorption properties of leaves and needles, which may be caused by differing chemical and physical properties. The influence of temperature on EMC described in the literature could be confirmed.
Impact of blood pressure changes and course on hematoma growth in acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Rodriguez‐Luna D. , Piñeiro S. , Rubiera M. , Ribo M. , Coscojuela P. , Pagola J. , Flores A. , Muchada M. , Ibarra B. , Meler P. , Sanjuan E. , Hernandez‐Guillamon M. , Alvarez‐Sabin J. , Montaner J. , Molina C. A.
Published: May 2013

Background and purpose

An association between high blood pressure (BP) in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and hematoma growth (HG) has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, the impact of BP changes and course on HG and clinical outcome in patients with acute ICH was determined.

Methods

In total, 117 consecutive patients with acute (<6 h) supratentorial ICH underwent baseline and 24‐h CT scans, CT angiography for the detection of the spot sign and non‐invasive BP monitoring at 15‐min intervals over the first 24 h. Maximum and minimum BP, maximum BP increase and drop from baseline, and BP variability values from systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were calculated. SBP and MAP loads were defined as the proportion of readings >180 and >130 mmHg, respectively. HG (>33% or >6 ml), early neurological deterioration (END) and 3‐month mortality were recorded.

Results

Baseline BP variables were unrelated to either HG or clinical outcome. Conversely, SBP 180‐load independently predicted HG (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.010–1.097, P = 0.016), whilst both SBP 180‐load (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.001–1.076, P = 0.042) and SBP variability (odds ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.047–1.380, P = 0.009) independently predicted END. Although none of the BP monitoring variables was associated with HG in the spot‐sign‐positive group, higher maximum BP increases from baseline and higher SBP and MAP loads were significantly related to HG in the spot‐sign‐negative group.

Conclusions

In patients with acute supratentorial ICH, SBP 180‐load independently predicts HG, whilst both SBP 180‐load and SBP variability predict END.
Controlling the Immune System Through Semaphorins
Authors: Bismuth Georges , Boumsell Laurence
Published: May 2013

Semaphorins provide crucial attractive and repulsive cues involved in axon guidance. Several semaphorins have also been detected in cells of the immune system. Their influence on cell motility has been reported and is reminiscent of the biological function attributed to nervous system semaphorins. Receptors of the plexin and neuropilin family of proteins, also expressed by some immune cells, may be involved in semaphorin signaling in the immune system. However, semaphorins also affect the functioning of the immune system through receptors regulating lymphocyte activation. An important challenge in the future will be to determine whether, as in the nervous system, semaphorins help immune cells to establish connections with their appropriate targets.
A survey of attitudes of glaucoma subspecialists in England and Wales to visual field test intervals in relation to NICE guidelines
Authors: Malik Rizwan , Baker Helen , Russell Richard A , Crabb David P
Published: May 2013

Objectives

To establish the attitudes of glaucoma specialists to the frequency of visual field (VF) testing in the UK, using the NICE recommendations as a standard for ideal practice.

Design

Interview and postal survey.

Setting

UK and Eire Glaucoma Society national meeting 2011 in Manchester, UK, with a second round of surveys administered by post.

Participants

All consultant glaucoma specialists in England and Wales were invited to complete the survey.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

(1) Compliance of assigned follow-up VF intervals with NICE guidelines for three hypothetical patient scenarios, with satisfactory treated intraocular pressure and (a) no evidence of VF progression; (b) evidence of VF progression and (c) uncertainty about VF progression, and respondents were asked to provide typical follow-up intervals representative of their practice; (2) attitudes to research recommendations for six VF in the first 2 years for newly diagnosed patients with glaucoma.

Results

70 glaucoma specialists completed the survey. For each of the clinical scenarios a, b and c, 14 (20%), 33 (47%) and 28 (40%) responses, respectively, fell outside the follow-up interval recommended by NICE. Nearly half of the specialists (46%) agreed that 6 VF tests in the first 2 years was ideal practice, while 16 (28%) said this was practice ‘not possible’, with many giving resources within the NHS setting as a limiting factor.

Conclusions

The results from this survey suggest that there is a large variation in attitudes to follow-up intervals for patients with glaucoma in the UK, with assigned intervals for VF testing which are, in many cases, inconsistent with the guidelines from NICE.
Access to medicines in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC): a scoping study
Authors: Emmerick Isabel Cristina Martins , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora , Luiza Vera Lucia , Azeredo Thiago Botelho , Bigdeli Maryam
Published: May 2013

Objective

To assess scientific publication and map research gaps on access to medicines (ATM) in Latin American and the Caribbean low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Design

Scoping review. Two independent reviewers assessed studies for inclusion and extracted data from each study.

Information sources

Search strategies were developed and the following databases were searched: MEDLINE, ISI, SCOPUS and Lilacs, from 2000 to 2010.

Eligibility criteria

Research articles and reviews published in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included. Studies including only high-income countries were excluded, as well as those carried out in very limited settings and discussion papers.

Results

The 77 articles retained were categorised through consensus among the research team according to the level of the health system addressed, ATM domain and research issues covered. Publications on ATM have increased over time during the study period (r 0.93, p=0.00; R20.85). The top five countries covered were Brazil (68.8%), Mexico (15.6%), Colombia (11.7%), Argentina (10.4%) and Peru (10.4%). ‘Health services delivery’ and ‘patients, household and communities’ were the health system levels most frequently covered. The ATM domains ‘leadership and governance’, ‘sustainable financing, affordability and price of medicines’, ‘medicines selection and use’ and ‘availability of medicines’ were the top four explored. There are research gaps in important areas such as ‘human resources for health’, ‘global policies and human rights’, ‘production of medicines’ and ‘traditional medicine’.

Conclusions

The upward trend on scientific publication reflects a growing research capacity in the region, which is concentrated on research teams in selected countries. The gaps on research capacity could be overcome through research collaboration among countries. It is important to strengthen these collaborations, assuring that interests and needs from the LMIC are addressed and local capacity building is promoted.
Differences in drug utilisation between men and women: a cross-sectional analysis of all dispensed drugs in Sweden
Authors: Loikas Desirée , Wettermark Björn , von Euler Mia , Bergman Ulf , Schenck-Gustafsson Karin
Published: May 2013

Objectives

Ascertain the extent of differences between men and women in dispensed drugs since there is a lack of comprehensive overviews on sex differences in the use of prescription drugs.

Design

Cross-sectional population database analysis.

Methods

Data on all dispensed drugs in 2010 to the entire Swedish population (9.3 million inhabitants) were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. All pharmacological groups with ambulatory care prescribing accounting for >75% of the total volume in Defined Daily Doses and a prevalence of >1% were included in the analysis. Crude and age-adjusted differences in prevalence and incidence were calculated as risk ratios (RRs) of women/men.

Results

In all, 2.8 million men (59%) and 3.6 million women (76%) were dispensed at least one prescribed drug during 2010. Women were dispensed more drugs in all age groups except among children under the age of 10. The largest sex difference in prevalence in absolute numbers was found for antibiotics that were more common in women, 265.5 patients (PAT)/1000 women and 191.3 PAT/1000 men, respectively. This was followed by thyroid therapy (65.7 PAT/1000 women and 13.1 PAT/1000 men) and antidepressants (106.6 PAT/1000 women and 55.4 PAT/1000 men). Age-adjusted relative sex differences in prevalence were found in 48 of the 50 identified pharmacological groups. The pharmacological groups with the largest relative differences of dispensed drugs were systemic antimycotics (RR 6.6 CI 6.4 to 6.7), drugs for osteoporosis (RR 4.9 CI 4.9 to 5.0) and thyroid therapy (RR 4.5 CI 4.4 to 4.5), which were dispensed to women to a higher degree. Antigout agents (RR 0.4 CI 0.4 to 0.4), psychostimulants (RR 0.6 CI 0.6 to 0.6) and ACE inhibitors (RR 0.7 CI 0.7 to 0.7) were dispensed to men to a larger proportion.

Conclusions

Substantial differences in the prevalence and incidence of dispensed drugs were found between men and women. Some differences may be rational and desirable and related to differences between the sexes in the incidence or prevalence of disease or by biological differences. Other differences are more difficult to explain on medical grounds and may indicate unequal treatment.
Overactive bladder symptom severity is associated with falls in community-dwelling adults: LOHAS study
Authors: Kurita Noriaki , Yamazaki Shin , Fukumori Norio , Otoshi Kenichi , Otani Koji , Sekiguchi Miho , Onishi Yoshihiro , Takegami Misa , Ono Rei , Horie Shigeo , Konno Shin-ichi , Kikuchi Shin-ichi , Fukuhara Shunichi
Published: May 2013

Objectives

To examine the association between overactive bladder (OAB) symptom severity and falls and the contribution of OAB symptoms to falls in a community-dwelling population.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

2 Japanese municipalities.

Participants

A total of 2505 residents aged over 40 years, who participated in health check-ups conducted in 2010. OAB symptom assessed via overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) was divided into six categories based on distribution and Japanese clinical guidelines. Mobility problems and depressive symptoms were assessed via the Timed Up and Go test and the short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, respectively.

Primary outcome measures

Self-reported any fall and frequent fall (≥2) over the 1-month period. Independent contributions to any fall and frequent falls were assessed via logistic regression to generate population-attributable fractions (PAFs), assuming separate causal relationships between OAB symptoms, mobility problems and depressive symptoms and any or frequent falls.

Results

Among the total 1350 participants (mean age: 68.3 years) analysed, any fall and frequent falls were reported by 12.7% and 4.4%, respectively. Compared with no OABSS score, moderate-to-severe OAB and mild OAB were associated with any fall (adjusted ORs 2.37 (95% CI 1.12 to 4.98) and 2.51 (95% CI 1.14 to 5.52), respectively). Moderate-to-severe OAB was also strongly associated with frequent falls (adjusted OR 6.90 (95% CI 1.50 to 31.6)). Adjusted PAFs of OAB symptoms were 40.7% (95% CI 0.7% to 64.6%) for any fall and 67.7% (95% CI −23.1% to 91.5%) for frequent falls. Further, these point estimates were similar to or larger than those of mobility problems and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

An association does indeed exist between OAB symptom severity and falls, and OAB symptoms might be important contributors to falls among community-dwelling adults. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to examine whether or not OAB symptoms predict risk of future falls and fall-related injuries.
Assessing the short-term outcomes of a community-based intervention for overweight and obese children: The MEND 5-7 programme
Authors: Smith L R , Chadwick P , Radley D , Kolotourou M , Gammon C S , Rosborough J , Sacher P M
Published: May 2013

Objective

The aim of this study was to report outcomes of the UK service level delivery of MEND (Mind,Exercise,Nutrition...Do it!) 5-7, a multicomponent, community-based, healthy lifestyle intervention designed for overweight and obese children aged 5–7 years and their families.

Design

Repeated measures.

Setting

Community venues at 37 locations across the UK.

Participants

440 overweight or obese children (42% boys; mean age 6.1 years; body mass index (BMI) z-score 2.86) and their parents/carers participated in the intervention.

Intervention

MEND 5-7 is a 10-week, family-based, child weight-management intervention consisting of weekly group sessions. It includes positive parenting, active play, nutrition education and behaviour change strategies. The intervention is designed to be scalable and delivered by a range of health and social care professionals.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was BMI z-score. Secondary outcome measures included BMI, waist circumference, waist circumference z-score, children's psychological symptoms, parenting self-efficacy, physical activity and sedentary behaviours and the proportion of parents and children eating five or more portions of fruit and vegetables.

Results

274 (62%) children were measured preintervention and post-intervention (baseline; 10-weeks). Post-intervention, mean BMI and waist circumference decreased by 0.5 kg/m2and 0.9 cm, while z-scores decreased by 0.20 and 0.20, respectively (p<0.0001). Improvements were found in children's psychological symptoms (−1.6 units, p<0.0001), parent self-efficacy (p<0.0001), physical activity (+2.9 h/week, p<0.01), sedentary activities (−4.1 h/week, p<0.0001) and the proportion of parents and children eating five or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day (both p<0.0001). Attendance at the 10 sessions was 73% with a 70% retention rate.

Conclusions

Participation in the MEND 5-7 programme was associated with beneficial changes in physical, behavioural and psychological outcomes for children with complete sets of measurement data, when implemented in UK community settings under service level conditions. Further investigation is warranted to establish if these findings are replicable under controlled conditions.
Dabigatran use in Danish atrial fibrillation patients in 2011: a nationwide study
Authors: Sørensen Rikke , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Fosbøl Emil L , Hvidtfeldt Morten W , Karasoy Deniz , Lamberts Morten , Charlot Mette , Køber Lars , Weeke Peter , Lip Gregory Y H , Hansen Morten Lock
Published: May 2013

Objective

Dabigatran was recently approved for anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF); data regarding real-world use, comparative effectiveness and safety are sparse.

Design

Pharmacoepidemiological cohort study.

Methods/settings

From nationwide registers, we identified patients with an in-hospital or outpatient-clinic AF diagnosis who claimed a prescription of dabigatran 110 or 150 mg, or vitamin K antagonist (VKA), between 22 August and 31 December 2011. HRs of thromboembolic events (ischaemic stroke, transitory ischaemic attack and peripheral artery embolism) and bleedings were estimated using Cox regression analyses in all patients and stratified by previous VKA use.

Results

Overall, 1612 (3.1%) and 1114 (2.1%) patients claimed a prescription of dabigatran 110 and 150 mg, and 49640 (94.8%) of VKA. Patients treated with dabigatran 150 mg were younger with less comorbidity than those treated with dabigatran 110 mg and VKA, as were VKA naïve patients compared with previous VKA users. Recommendations set by the European Medicine Agency (EMA) for dabigatran were met in 90.3% and 55.5% of patients treated with 110 and 150 mg. Patients treated with 150 mg dabigatran, who did not fulfil the recommendations by EMA, were >80 years, patients with liver or kidney disease, patients with previous bleeding. Compared with VKA, the thromboembolic risk associated with dabigatran 110 and 150 mg was HR 3.52 (1.40 to 8.84) and 5.79 (1.81 to 18.56) in previous VKA users, and HR 0.95(0.47 to 1.91) and 1.14(0.60 to 2.16) in VKA naïve patients. Bleeding risk was increased in previous VKA users receiving dabigatran 110 mg, but not in patients with 150 mg dabigatran, nor in the VKA naïve users.

Conclusions

Deviations from the recommended use of dabigatran were frequent among patients treated with 150 mg. With cautious interpretation, dabigatran use in VKA naïve patients seems safe. Increased risk of thromboembolism and bleeding with dabigatran among previous VKA users was unexpected and may reflect patient selection and ‘drug switching’ practices.
Onyx embolization of infectious intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Grandhi Ramesh , Zwagerman Nathan T , Linares Guillermo , Monaco Edward A , Jovin Tudor , Horowitz Michael , Jankowitz Brian T
Published: May 2013

Background

Infectious intracranial aneurysms (IIAs) are rare and potentially devastating. First-line management involves intravenous antibiotics, with surgical or endovascular management reserved for cases of failed medical treatment or aneurysmal rupture. Endovascular therapy has become the primary approach for treating these small, distally located aneurysms. Liquid embolic agents are well suited for use because of their ability to fill the aneurysm and parent vessel. We present our experience in treating these aneurysms via Onyx embolization and review the literature.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the endovascular treatment of IIAs at our institution from 2010 to 2012. Eight patients with 16 IIAs ranging in size from 1 to 16 mm underwent treatment. Seven of the patients initially presented after aneurysmal rupture. Onyx was pushed until the aneurysm and parent artery were filled. Confirmation of aneurysmal occlusion was made by repeat cerebral angiography.

Results

One symptomatic stroke occurred after embolization. Fourteen of the 16 aneurysms have been evaluated with follow-up angiography and remain occluded.

Conclusions

Treatment of IIAs using an endovascular approach with Onyx is safe and effective.
DIFFERENTIAL SUBORDINATION PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: OMAR RASHIDAH , ABDUL HALIM SUZEINI , IBRAHIM RABHA W.
Published: May 2013

This paper looks at subordination properties involving 1 + βzp′(z) and the class of Sokół–Stankiewicz starlike functions where condition on β is determined so that the relation [Formula: see text] would imply [Formula: see text]. Similar results are obtained for expressions of the form [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. These results are then applied to obtain other relations involving similar expressions.
MECHANICAL-ACTIVATED PHASE FORMATION OF NiTi IN THE PRESENCE OF NANOPARTICLES
Authors: FARVIZI M. , EBADZADEH T. , VAEZI M. R. , SIMCHI A. , KIM H. S.
Published: May 2013

Effect of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles (80 nm) on the grain structure and phase formation in Ni -50 Ti system during high-energy mechanical alloying (MA) was studied. While the formation of NiTi B2 phase occurs progressively during MA, it is shown that the hard inclusions cause abrupt phase formation at short milling times, particularly at higher nano- Al 2 O 3 contents. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed significant grain refinement in the presence of alumina nanoparticles to sizes less than 10 nm, which precedes the formation of semicrystalline structure and reduces the diffusion length and thus accelerates the phase formation. The composite powder reached steady-state MA condition at shorter milling times with finer grain structure and higher hardness.
Half a Century of Education Progress in Sub-Saharan Africa (1960-2010)
Authors: Labé Olivier , Dembélé Martial , Sirois Geneviève , Motivans Albert , Bruneforth Michael
Published: May 2013

Abstract

In general, independence marks the end of education provision oriented to the needs of colonial countries and the start of a more inclusive education system tailored to native traditions and needs. This article presents a retrospective overview of the development of education in Africa since 1960, when a large number of countries attained political independence. It describes the existing educational systems which were mainly inherited from the colonial period and discusses developments in education provision (expansion of enrolment capacities and levels of education), access, retention and completion in relation to factors such as teacher supply and with attention to gender. In light of the trends that emerge from this overview, the article further identifies the gaps and challenges to be addressed in order to make universal access to a good quality education a reality. The empirical contribution of this study is based on national data collected since the 1960s by UNESCO, especially its Institute for Statistics. This annual series of national data allows comparability of education access/participation, completion, quality and outcomes indicators over time.
Decolonizing Educational and Social Development Platforms in Africa
Authors: Abdi Ali A.
Published: May 2013

Abstract

This essay aims to engage, mainly from theoretical perspectives with analytical eclecticism, a historical and contemporary analysis of African educational and social developmental contexts. It relays the real colonial connections that are still attached to this context. The essay relates the historical location as well as the socio-cultural embeddedness of the African philosophy of Ubuntu, which may have indirectly facilitated the initial entry of colonialism. It critically locates the thick philosophical and epistemological problematics that have previously and again, post-factually limited the foundational reconstructions, and by extension, the relevance of Africa’s learning and related possibilities for achieving social well-being. At the end, the essay calls for the urgent decolonization of Africa’s philosophies and epistemologies of education, so that learning contexts can aid the now non-delinkable desires, indeed, needs for social development.
Power Dynamics in International Negotiations toward Equitable Policies, Partnerships, and Practices: Why it Matters for Africa, the Developing World, and their Higher Education Systems
Authors: Cossa José
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Based on lessons learned from examining the relationship between several international organizations and African higher education, this paper unveils the subtleties and complexities of power dynamics in negotiations, provides illustrative cases to enhance such understanding, discusses the implications of power dynamics in negotiations over higher education policy, and provides a glimpse at the necessary ingredients to build sustainable and healthy international partnerships. Based in a conceptual framework of power dynamics, the paper hinges on international regimes for its theoretical foundation, and on the intersection of conflicting agendas for a transformative higher education in Africa, as advocated by the Association of African Universities (AAU) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), for its historical framework. An understanding of the subtleties and complexities of power dynamics in international negotiations is critical for Africa at this crossroads of her relationship with BRIC countries, particularly amidst the competition between China and other superpowers and their respective organizations over Africa as a market arena. This understanding will also be important for examining newly claimed ‘reformed’ policies originating from the historically dominant Western countries because (a) the dimensions of this relationship are still being negotiated/established, thus a good time to address power dynamics; (b) Africa is engaged in a quest for development through partnerships; and, (c) African scholars are often confronted with the idea of a higher education system by African design. With a focus on Africa that simultaneously highlights the problem of developing nations more generally, this paper discusses four categories of power – hermeneutical, informational, manipulative, and monetary – that must be taken seriously into account in international negotiations as they have dire consequences for the developing world.
Africa Between the Baobab Tree and the Owl of Minerva: A Post-Colonial Narrative of Memory and Learning
Authors: Mazrui Ali A.
Published: May 2013

Abstract

We argue in this article that the African continent has so far achieved less than it might have done because of three phases of technological constraint: a phase of Ecological Impediment, a phase of imperial impediment, and a phase of attitudinal impediment. Just as formal education (both colonial and post-colonial) has played a role in this process, it can be part of the solution, starting with educational policies seeking to overcome technological amnesia. Indeed, Africa needs to recover those aspects of its creativity (in medicine, technologies, etc.) which had flourished before, but were destroyed by the colonial regimes. The solution to the impediments includes also reconsidering the interrupted symphony of the Federal University of East Africa and mobilizing pan Africanism in pursuit of greater intellectual and academic cooperation.
“I was crying, I did not come back with anything”: Women’s Experiences of Deportation from Europe to Nigeria
Authors: Ratia Emma , Notermans Catrien
Published: May 2013

Abstract

The aim of this article is to study the impact of deportation on women’s lives, via the narrated experiences of Nigerian women deported from the European Union. It focuses on women’s stories about the period prior to their travel to Europe and their motivations for doing so; on stories about the journey and their experiences as migrants; and finally on stories about their deportation and their life after returning home to Nigeria. By taking this three-step approach and by focusing on deportees’ experiences, the authors want to contribute to an emic understanding of deportation in which gender and kinship play a crucial part. The obligation to migrate is a social as well as an economic duty for women in the Nigerian context. Whereas anthropological studies have so far focused on deportees’ feelings of non-belonging, this article shows that women’s experiences of deportation are highly connected to family belonging.
Descriptions of ten known species of the superfamily Mononchoidea (Mononchida: Nematoda) from North India with a detailed account on their variations
Authors: TAHSEEN QUDSIA , ASIF MOHAMMAD , MUSTAQIM MALKA , AHLAWAT SHIKHA , BERT WIM
Published: May 2013

Ten species of the superfamily Mononchoidea from fourteen populations collected during a survey of terrestrial and fresh-water habitats of North India, are described and illustrated. The species include Clarkus papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Jaira-jpuri, 1970, Prionchulus muscorum (Dujardin, 1845) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929, Mylonchulus contractus Jairajpuri, 1970, M. hawaiiensis (Cassidy, 1931) Andrássy, 1958, M. lacustris (Cobb in Cobb, 1915) Andrássy, 1958, M. minor (Cobb, 1893) Andrássy, 1958, M. obtusicaudatus (Daday, 1899) Andrássy, 1958, M. vasis Yeates, 1992, Sporonchulus ibitiensis (Car-valho, 1951) Andrássy, 1958 and S. vagabundus Jairajpuri, 1971. Mylonchulus vasis Yeates, 1992 is reported for the first time from India. The variable, as well as the relatively consistent characters are discussed in different populations to assess their role in the diagnosis of species.
Eriophyes species (Acari: Eriophyoidea) inhabiting lime trees (Tilia spp.: Tiliaceae)—supplementary description and morphological variability related to host plants and female forms
Authors: SOIKA GRAŻYNA , KOZAK MARCIN
Published: May 2013

Three poorly known species of the subfamily Eriophyinae living on Tilia spp. (Tiliaceae) are illustrated and supplementary descriptions are provided. Two of them, Eriophyes exilis (Nalepa 1892) and Eriophyes nervalis (Nalepa 1918), were re-corded both in vein angle galls on leaves of Tilia platyphyllos Scop. and in erinea on leaves of Tilia tomentosa Moench, Tilia americana L. ‘Moltkei’, Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loudon, Tilia cordata Mill., Tilia japonica (Miq.) Simonk., Tilia petiolaris DC. and Tilia zamoyskiana Wróbl. The third species, Eriophyes tiliae Nalepa 1890, was found in nail galls on leaves of T. platyphyllos, T. americana and T. cordata. All of these Eriophyes species showed noticeable morphological differences between protogyne and deutogyne females in terms of the number of dorsal annuli, location of setae d, length of setae e and 3a, distance between tubercles 3a and the length and pattern of the prodorsal shield. Based on a comparative morphological analysis of this original data with that published by A. Nalepa, new synonyms for the following species are proposed: Erophyes exilis (Nalepa) = Eriophyes leiosoma Nalepa syn. nov.; Eriophyes nervalis (Nalepa) = Eriophyes tiliaceus Nalepa syn. nov., Eriophyes tiliae Nalepa = Eriophyes rudis Nalepa syn. nov. = Eriophyes tomentosae Nalepa syn. nov. A key to all studied Eriophyes species living on lime trees is included.
Bathydorus laniger and Docosaccus maculatus (Lyssacinosida; Hexactinellida): Two new species of glass sponge from the abyssal eastern North Pacific Ocean
Authors: KAHN AMANDA S. , GELLER JONATHAN B. , REISWIG HENRY M. , SMITH KENNETH JR. L.
Published: May 2013

Two new species of glass sponge were discovered from the abyssal plain 200 km west of the coast of California (Station M). The sponges have similar gross morphology—an unusual plate-like form with basalia stilting the body above soft abyssal sediments. Bathydorus laniger sp. n. differs from its congeners by the presence of dermal and atrial stauractins; it is also supported by smooth hypodermal pentactins and hypoatrial hexactins. Microscleres include oxyhexasters and oxyhemihexasters. Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. contains large hexactins (>1 cm), characteristic of the genus. Megas-cleres include dermal hexactins, atrial pentactins, and choanosomal hexactins and diactins. Microscleres include oxy-tipped hemihexasters and floricomes. Several features serve to differentiate this species from its only known congener.
A new treefrog (Hylidae: Litoria) from Kroombit Tops, east Australia, and an assessment of conservation status
Authors: HOSKIN CONRAD J. , HINES HARRY B. , MEYER ED , CLARKE JOHN , CUNNINGHAM MICHAEL
Published: May 2013

The Litoria phyllochroa species-group are small hylid frogs that occur in wet forests of south-east Australia. This group has had a long history of taxonomic confusion and has received little attention in the last decade. A population of this species-group at Kroombit Tops, several hundred kilometers north of all other populations, has been recognised for some time as being genetically highly distinct. Here we describe this population as a new species, L. kroombitensis sp. nov. This species is most similar to L. barringtonensis and L. pearsoniana but is readily distinguished based on differences in mor-phology, colour pattern, mating call and genetics. Litoria kroombitensis sp. nov. is restricted to Kroombit Tops, an isolated area of wet forest in south-east Queensland. The species inhabits slow and intermittently flowing streams in rainforest and adjoining wet sclerophyll forest. The tadpole of L. kroombitensis sp. nov., described herein, is similar in morphology and behaviour to the tadpoles of other species within the Litoria phyllochroa species-group, in particular L. pearsoniana. Li-toria kroombitensis sp. nov. has a very small distribution, with all records coming from the headwaters of five streams. Extensive surveys since the mid-1990s have revealed population declines, attributable to amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Other threats include degradation of riparian habitat due to invasive weeds, feral pigs and livestock, and fire. Further, the extent of wet forest habitats at Kroombit Tops is likely to be reduced by climate change impacts. Litoria kroombitensis sp. nov. meets IUCN Red List criteria for critically endangered CR B1ab (i–v) due to its small geographic range, naturally fragmented distribution, and observed and projected decline in populations. In this paper we also assess the validity of the names L. barringtonensis, L. pearsoniana and L. piperata. We conclude that the names L. barringtonensis and L. pearsoniana are valid but the validity of L. piperata requires further investigation.
Troponin T as a Marker of Infarction during Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Aziz Tarek A Abdel , Ali Mohamed A , Roberts Donald G , Al Khaja Najib
Published: May 2013

To evaluate serum troponin T as a marker of perioperative myocardial infarction, 50 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were divided into 2 groups. Group A (14 patients) had serum creatine kinase MB-isoenzyme levels above 100 U·L−1 and electrocardiographic changes indicative of infarction. Group B (36 patients) had creatine kinase MB levels below 100 U·L−1 and no electrocardiographic changes. Blood samples were obtained preoperatively, 6 hours after aortic declamping, and on postoperative day 1, 2, and 3. Following surgery, all patients had increased levels of troponin T and creatine kinase MB. Troponin T was significantly higher in group A compared to group B at 6 hours, day 1, and day 2 postoperatively. Creatine kinase MB levels were significantly higher in group A compared to group B at 6 hours and day 1 postoperatively. The increased levels of troponin T in patients without myocardial infarction suggest that some operative myocardial damage occurred. Patients with perioperative myocardial infarction had significantly higher levels of troponin T up to postoperative day 2, whereas creatine kinase MB levels were almost normal by day 2. This suggests that troponin T may be used up to 2 days postoperatively for detection of myocardial infarction.
New Technique for Reinforced Sternal Closure
Authors: Özergin Ufuk , Durgut Kadir , Özpinar Cevat , Görmüş Niyazi , Sunam Güven Sadi , Yüksek Tahir , Solak Hasan
Published: May 2013

A simplified method of reinforced sternal closure is described. Figure-of-8-shaped sutures of no. 5 stainless steel wire are inserted with 2 Sterna-Bands between them. The advantages of this technique are simplicity, effectiveness, and speed.
Pleural Amebiasis: Isolated Organ Involvement
Authors: Zeybek Rahmi , Tüzün Egemen , Işkesen İhsan , Aksoy Ömer
Published: May 2013

A rare case of pleural amebic abscess without invasion of another organ was encountered in a 23-year-old man. He was successfully treated surgically when conservative measures failed.
A 2-mm Videothoracoscopic Incision for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Kim Joung Taek , Kim Kwang Ho , Yoon Yong Han , Baek Wan Ki , Lim Hyun Kyoung
Published: May 2013

This study was designed to evaluate a recently developed 2-mm video-thoracoscope and instruments for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Between January 1998 and June 1999, 62 consecutive patients were studied. The 2-mm video-thoracoscope was used in 30 patients (group 1), and a conventional video-thoracoscope was used in 32 (group 2). There was no significant difference in operation time, number of staples, or duration of chest tube drainage between the 2 groups. The need for parenteral analgesic (ketoprofen) postoperatively was less in group 1 (56%) than group 2 (72%), but this was not statistically significant. During a mean follow-up of 15 months, there was 1 readmission for recurrent pneumothorax in each group. It was concluded that the 2-mm video-thoracoscope and instruments can be used successfully to manage primary spontaneous pneumothorax with cosmetically excellent results.
Acute Dissection of Ascending Aorta after Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Yavuz Şenol , Celkan Mehmet Adnan , Mavi Mustafa , Türk Tamer , Göncü Mehmet Tuğrul , Özdemir İbrahim Ayhan
Published: May 2013

A 57-year-old man who had aortic insufficiency with mild dilatation (36 mm) of the ascending aorta but no evidence of aortic wall degeneration, developed acute dissection of the ascending aorta 6 months after aortic valve replacement. He underwent successful Dacron graft replacement of the ascending aorta.
Cardiac Support Device: Novel Surgical Option for Heart Failure
Authors: Konertz Wolfgang , Dushe Simon , Hotz Holger , Spies Claudia , Enzweiler Christian , Kleber Franz-Xaver
Published: May 2013

From April 1999 to July 2000, the Acorn cardiac support device was assessed in 22 patients with advanced heart failure, 10 of whom received mitral valve repair. There was 1 hospital death unrelated to the device, and 2 late deaths at 2 and 8 months postoperatively. The survivors had no device-related complications during a mean follow-up of 10.4 months. Mitral valve regurgitation improved in all patients and none had evidence of constrictive or restrictive physiology on repeat cardiac catheterization at 6 months. Preoperatively, 22% were in New York Heart Association functional class II, 71% in class III, and 7% in class IV. At 6 months postoperatively, 33% were in class I, 56% in class II, 11% in class III, and none in class IV. Ejection fraction increased from 19% ± 8% to 26% ± 10% at 3 months and 24% ± 11% at 6 months. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased from 74 ± 6.1 mm preoperatively to 68 ± 11 mm at 6 months. These findings indicate that the device is safe and effective in treating heart failure. Additional studies and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results.
Fifteen-Year Experience with Shanghai Disc Valve Prosthesis
Authors: Zhu Ping , Feng Shu Sheng
Published: May 2013

Between 1983 and 1998, 168 Shanghai prosthetic heart valves were implanted in 122 patients (57 males, 65 females) aged 14 to 57 years (mean, 34 years). There were 69 mitral, 7 aortic, and 46 double valve replacements. Early mortality in each group was 8.7%, 14.3%, and 6.5%, respectively. Mean follow-up was 7.9 years (87.5% complete). There were 7 late deaths (5.7%); 2 in the mitral group, 5 in the double valve group. Five late deaths were considered valve-related. The 5-year actuarial survival rates were 96.8% for mitral, 100% for aortic, and 88% for double valve replacement. Preoperatively, 77.9% of patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV, whereas postoperatively, 90.2% were in class I or II. No structural failure was observed. There were 3 cases of systemic and cerebral embolism, and 2 cases of valve thrombosis in patients who had ceased taking anticoagulants. Hemorrhage was the most frequent complication; 1 of 6 events was fatal. The very affordable Shanghai valve provided good hemodynamic performance with low thrombogenicity in patients receiving anticoagulants.
On-Pump versus Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Using Quadruple Arterial Grafts
Authors: Hirose Hitoshi , Amano Atsushi , Takahashi Akihito
Published: May 2013

The optimal combination of arterial grafts for quadruple coronary artery bypass is the bilateral internal mammary artery, the radial artery, and the gastroepiploic artery. Patients who underwent quadruple bypass in our hospital group between December 1995 and March 2001 were retrospectively analyzed to determine whether off-pump surgery (n = 27) provides better outcomes than conventional on-pump surgery (n = 51). Preoperative risk factors as well as the mean number of distal anastomoses (4.5 in the off-pump versus 4.8 in the on-pump patients) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Postoperative recovery was significantly faster in the off-pump group than in the on-pump group (intubation time, 6.4 versus 16 hours; stay in intensive care unit, 2 versus 3 days; and postoperative hospital stay, 12.3 versus 15.8 days). Early stenosis-free graft patency rates did not differ significantly (90.3% versus 89.3%). No late cardiac events were observed in the off-pump group, while 4 occurred in the on-pump group. Quadruple arterial bypass without cardiopulmonary bypass is safe, and it allows faster recovery. The follow-up results of off-pump patients so far have been satisfactory.
Coronary Bypass Surgery in Patients on Thyroxin Replacement Therapy
Authors: Syed Aitizaz Uddin , El Watidy Ahmed F , Akhlaque N Bhat , Wahba Ahmed , El Oakley Reida M , Imran Kiyani , Al Bukhari Emad A , Al Fagih Mohammed R
Published: May 2013

The outcome of coronary bypass surgery was analyzed in 25 patients who were on thyroxin replacement therapy for chronic thyroid disorders at the time of operation. It was hypothesized that if such patients were given only their routine dose of thyroxin on the day of surgery, hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory recovery may be poor. All the patients on thyroxin replacement therapy were given their routine dose of thyroxin orally or via a nasogastric tube in the perioperative period. No supplemental dose was used. Based on preoperative levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, 68% of these patients were biochemically hypothyroid prior to surgery. Analysis of a large number of variables showed no difference in outcome against a control group who had no previous thyroid problems. We conclude that routine thyroxin administration is all that is required for a satisfactory outcome in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery while on thyroxin replacement therapy.
Wegener's Granulomatosis Presenting as Necrosis of the Left Mainstem Bronchus
Authors: Schneider Paul , Gröne Jörn , Braun Jürgen , Perez-Canto Alejandra , Buhr Heinz J
Published: May 2013

A patient with pansinusitis, nasal septum necrosis, and saddle nose deformity showed necrosis of the left mainstem, upper, and lower bronchi, with complete loss of left lung perfusion and ventilation. Pneumonectomy was performed. Histological findings showed extensive necrotizing and granulomatous bronchial inflammation with vasculitis of the bronchial arteries and the pulmonary vein. Wegener's granulomatosis was diagnosed, despite a negative cytoplasmic pattern of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and the lack of renal involvement.
Mitral Annuloplasty with Autologous Pericardium and Saphenous Vein
Authors: Paruchuru Pratap K , Adluri Krishna , Alzetani Aiman , Patel Ramesh
Published: May 2013

Two techniques for constructing annuloplasty rings at the time of surgery are described, using great saphenous vein and autologous pericardium. These rings are easy to make and offer a no-cost alternative to commercially available rings. The long-term performance of such rings has not been determined.
Deep Pericardial Stitch Enables Hemodynamically Stable Exposure of Beating Heart
Authors: Perek Bartlomiej , Jemielity Marek , Tomczyk Jadwiga , Camacho Estilita , Dyszkiewicz Wojciech
Published: May 2013

The use of a deep pericardial stitch to obtain optimal exposure for precise distal anastomoses was assessed in 51 patients (mean age, 56.5 ± 9.1 years) undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Hemodynamic data were recorded after sternotomy, before, and after each of the 120 distal anastomosis. Most hemodynamic parameters did not change throughout the procedures. During exposure of the circumflex artery, there were significant decreases in systolic arterial pressure from 106.0 ± 15.5 to 87.7 ± 13.6 mm Hg, mean systemic arterial pressure from 83.9 ± 11.7 to 68.5 ± 17.0 mm Hg, stroke volume from 68.5 ± 23.3 to 50.5 ± 18.3 mL, and stroke index from 34.4 ± 11.5 to 24.3 ± 8.7 mL·m−2. Cardiac function was not affected when other coronary arteries were bypassed. On completion of all anastomoses, hemodynamics returned to baseline status. It was concluded that the deep pericardial stitch enabled stable and safe exposure of the heart for off-pump coronary artery grafting.