The Study of the Gastrocolicomentum Influence on the Healing of the Intestinal Anastomosis in a Blood Supply Disorders of the Small Intestine
Authors: Markos`yan S A , Lysyakov N M , Belyaeva M U 
Published: August 2018

Topicality. Currently, the problem of intestinal anastomosis reliability remains one of the most important, especially when the volume of surgical interventions is associated with significant disturbance of the blood supply to the intestine. According to the literature, the incidence of intestinal anastomosis incompetence after intestinal resection remains high and ranges from 4 to 10.2%.

The aim of the study is experimental assessment of the efficiency of omentoenteropexy application for prophylaxis of intestinal anastomosis incompetence.

Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out on 20 dogs divided into 2 groups. The first group consists of animals which were formed intestinal anastomosis and ligated mesenteric vessels, the second group is the animals, which in addition to the aforesaid activities were realized omentoenteropexy. Of the venous vessel, directly adjacent to the ischemic area of the small intestine, within 25 minutes after the formation of intestinal anastomosis was performed blood sampling, followed by the study of a number of indicators hemomicrocirculatory: сapillary filtrate, plasma protein loss, blood viscosity, coefficient deformation erythrocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In addition, the blood flow in the vessels of the small bowel mesentery, adjacent to the zone of ischemia, was investigated. During the postoperative period pathomorphological changes were estimated in the peritoneal cavity, mechanical strength of the junctions and stricture formation index were defined.

Results. Capillary filtrate and plasma protein loss in the ischemic area of the small intestine with the anastomosis increase by 6.4 times (p <0.01) and 250% (p<0.05). Blood viscosity increased by 30.6% (p <0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased by 30.9% (p <0.01). The number of functioning capillaries is equal to 48.5+1.8% (P <0.01). In 1 case pneumopressia test revealed intestinal anastomosis incompetence. The postsurgical period was accompanied by a significant development of adhesions in the abdominal cavity. In the study hemomicrocirculatory rates in the ischemic area of the small intestine with anastomosis, covered the greater omentum, we didn't detect reliable differences to those of the first group of animals. In all cases intestinal anastomoses were competence and adhesions in the abdominal cavity was represented by single commissures.

Discussion. The paper presents the results of an experimental research on the morphological and functional changes in the ischemic area of the small intestine with the anastomosis in absense of omentoenteropexy and after covering the ischemic part organ with anastomosis by dint of the gastrocolic omentum and subsequent suturing it to the avascular part of the bowel mesentery.

Performed research determined significant change of hemomicrocirculatory rates in the ischemic area of the small intestine with anastomosis in flowing venous blood from it and in the mesentery of the small intestine, directly adjacent to the avascular area.

Postoperative relaparotomy showed pronounced morphological disturbances in the ischemic area of the small intestine with the anastomosis, the presence of significant adhesions in the abdominal cavity. Intestinal anastomosis incompetence was diagnosed in 1 case. Covering explored part of the small intestine by dint of the gastrocolic omentum has contributed to a more favorable regeneration flow without the development of postoperative complications in the intestinal anastomosis. There was an insignificant adhesion in the abdominal cavity in most cases.

Conclusion. Thus, covering the ischemic area of the small intestine with anastomosis by dint of the gastrocolic omentum and suturing it to the avascular part of the mesentery resulted in a significant improvement in the regeneration of the intestinal anastomosis and reduction of intraperitoneal adhesions.