bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of fertilization on grassland productivity and water quality across the European Alps: insights from a mechanistic model
Authors: Botter Martina , Zeeman Matthias , Burlando Paolo , Fatichi Simone
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Alpine grasslands sustain local economy providing fodder for livestock. Intensive fertilization is common to enhance their yields, thus creating negative externalities on water quality that are difficult to evaluate without reliable estimates of nutrient fluxes. We apply a 1-D mechanistic ecosystem model, seamlessly integrating land-surface energy balance, soil hydrology, vegetation dynamics, and soil biogeochemistry aiming at assessing the grassland response to fertilization. We simulate the major water, carbon, nutrient, and energy fluxes of nine grassland plots across the broad European Alpine region. We provide an unprecedent interdisciplinary model evaluation confirming its performance against observed variables from different datasets. Subsequently, we apply the model to test the influence of fertilization practices on grassland yields and nitrate (NO3) losses through leaching. Despite the generally low NO3 concentration in groundwater recharge, the variability across sites is remarkable, mostly, but not exclusively, dictated by elevation. In high-Alpine sites short growing seasons lead to less efficient nitrogen (N) uptake for biomass production. This combined with lower evapotranspiration rates results in higher amounts of drainage and NO3 leaching to groundwater. The local soil hydrology has a crucial role in driving the NO3 use efficiency. The commonly applied fixed-threshold limit on fertilizer N input is suboptimal. We suggest that major hydrological and soil property differences across sites should be considered in the delineation of best practices or regulations for management. Using distributed maps informed with key soil and climatic attributes or systematically implementing integrated ecosystem models as shown here can contribute to achieving more sustainable practices.
Climate–groundwater dynamics inferred from GRACE and the role of hydraulic memory
Authors: Opie Simon , Taylor Richard G. , Brierley Chris M. , Shamsudduha Mohammad , Cuthbert Mark O.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Groundwater is the largest store of freshwater on Earth after the cryosphere
and provides a substantial proportion of the water used for domestic,
irrigation and industrial purposes. Knowledge of this essential resource
remains incomplete, in part, because of observational challenges of scale
and accessibility. Here we examine a 14-year period (2002–2016) of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
observations to investigate climate–groundwater dynamics of 14 tropical and
sub-tropical aquifers selected from WHYMAP's (Worldwide Hydrogeological Mapping and Assessment Programme) 37 large aquifer systems of the world. GRACE-derived changes in groundwater storage resolved using GRACE Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) mascons and the Community Land Model's land surface model are related to precipitation time series and regional-scale hydrogeology. We show that aquifers in dryland environments exhibit long-term hydraulic memory through a strong correlation between groundwater storage changes and annual precipitation anomalies integrated over the time series; aquifers in humid environments show short-term memory through strong correlation with monthly precipitation. This classification is consistent with estimates of groundwater response times calculated from the hydrogeological properties of each system, with long (short) hydraulic memory associated with slow (rapid) response times. The results suggest that groundwater systems in dryland environments may be less sensitive to seasonal climate variability but vulnerable to long-term trends from which they will be slow to recover. In contrast, aquifers in humid regions may be more sensitive to climate disturbances such as drought related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation but may also be relatively quick to recover. Exceptions to this general pattern are traced to human interventions through groundwater abstraction. Hydraulic memory is an important factor in the management of groundwater resources, particularly under climate change.
Space-time variability of soil moisture droughts in the Himalayan region
Authors: Nepal Santosh , Pradhananga Saurav , Shrestha Narayan Kumar , Kralisch Sven , Shrestha Jayandra , Fink Manfred
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Soil water is a major requirement for biomass production and therefore one of the most important factors for agriculture productivity. As agricultural droughts are related to declining soil moisture, this paper examines soil moisture drought in the transboundary Koshi River basin in the Central Himalayan region. By applying the J2000 hydrological model, daily spatially distributed soil moisture is derived for the entire basin over a 28-year period, 1980–2007. A multi-site and multi-variable approach – streamflow data at one station and evapotranspiration data at three stations – was used for the calibration and validation of the J2000 model. In order to identify drought conditions based on the simulated soil moisture, the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) was then calculated, considering the derivation of actual from long-term soil moisture on a weekly timescale. To spatially sub-divide the variations in soil moisture, the river basin is partitioned into three distinct geographical areas, trans-Himalaya, the high and middle mountains, and the plains. Further, the SMDI is aggregated temporally to four seasons – winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon – based on wetness and dryness patterns observed in the study area. The results indicate that the J2000 model can simulate the hydrological cycle of the basin with good accuracy. Considerable variation in soil moisture was observed in the three physiographic regions and across the four seasons due to high variation in precipitation and temperature conditions. Droughts have been increasing in frequency in the later years of the period under study, most visibly in the pre-monsoon season. Comparing the SMDI with the standardized precipitation index (SPI) suggests that SMDI can reflect a higher variation of drought conditions than SPI. The novel contribution of this study is that a spatial and temporal variation of SMDI is calculated for the first time in the Central Himalayan region and for the Koshi River basin. This calculation is based on a high-resolution spatial representation of soil moisture, which was simulated using a fully distributed hydrological model. Our results suggest that both the occurrence and severity of droughts have increased in the Koshi River basin over the last three decades, especially in the winter and pre-monsoon seasons. The insights provided into the frequency, spatial coverage, and severity of drought conditions can provide valuable inputs towards an improved management of water resources and greater agricultural productivity in the region.
CRYPTO-SPATIAL: AN OPEN STANDARDS SMART CONTRACTS LIBRARY FOR BUILDING GEOSPATIALLY ENABLED DECENTRALIZED APPLICATIONS ON THE ETHEREUM BLOCKCHAIN
Authors: Benahmed Daho A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Blockchain is an emerging immature technology that disrupt many well established industries nowadays, like finance, supply chain, transportation, energy, official registries (identity, vehicles, …). In this contribution we present a smart contracts library, named Crypto-Spatial, written for the Ethereum Blockchain and designed to serve as a framework for geospatially enabled decentralized applications (dApps) development. The main goal of this work is to investigate the suitability of Blockchain technology for the storage, retrieval and processing of vector geospatial data. The design and the proof-of-concept implementation presented are both based on the Open Geospatial Consortium standards: Simple Feature Access, Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) and Well Known Binary (WKB). Also, the FOAM protocol concept of Crypto-Spatial Coordinate (CSC) was used to uniquely identify spatial features on the Blockchain immutable ledger. The design of the Crypto-Spatial framework was implemented as a set of smart contracts using the Solidity object oriented programming language. The implemented library was assessed toward Etheruem’s best practices design patterns and known security issues (common attacks). Also, a generic architecture for geospatially enabled decentralized applications, combining blockchain and IPFS technologies, was proposed. Finally, a proof-of-concept was developed using the proposed approach which main purpose is to port the UN/FAO-SOLA to Blockchain techspace allowing more transparency and simplifying access to users communities. The smart contracts of this prototype are live on the Rinkeby testnet and the frontend is hosted on Github pages. The source code of the work presented here is available on Github under Apache 2.0 license.
INTEGRATION OF HISTORICAL GIS DATA IN A HBIM SYSTEM
Authors: Bruno N. , Rechichi F. , Achille C. , Zerbi A. , Roncella R. , Fassi F.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The integration between BIM (Building Information Modeling) and GIS (Geographic Information System) is currently a highly debated research topic. However, the effective integration of the two workflows in a unique information system is still an open research field, especially when dealing with Cultural Heritage (CH).The paper describes an ongoing research on the development of a web information system able to integrate BIM and GIS data, with particular focus on the analysis of the historicized city and its main buildings over time. Three main aspects, in particular, are considered more relevant: (i) conceptual data organization to integrate GIS and BIM in a single environment; (ii) integration of data belonging to different historical periods for analyses over time (4D); (iii) integration into the system of datasets already structured in pre-existing HGIS and HBIM.Most (if not all) of the attributes must be linked with both 2D and 3D entities. The system should be queryable and with the possibility to edit the information regardless of the actual focus of the current user, either if he is more BIM or GIS oriented. This is one of the main requirement for the system not to be just a simple viewer of BIM and GIS data in a unique software environment. The system can manage, from a spatial point of view, different scales of detail, allowing the connection between data from the architectural scale to the territorial one and, from a temporal point of view, data belonging to different periods. All these features have been designed to meet, in particular, the requirements of CH and realize a Historical BIM-GIS system. Besides, the web architecture allows sharing information even between actors with different digital skills, without the need for specific software installed, and ensures portability and access from mobile devices.
A NEW CLOUD-EDGE-TERMINAL RESOURCES COLLABORATIVE SCHEDULING FRAMEWORK FOR MULTI-LEVEL VISUALIZATION TASKS OF LARGE-SCALE SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA
Authors: Li X. M. , Wang W. X. , Tang S. J. , Xia J. Z. , Zhao Z. G. , Li Y. , Zheng Y. , Guo R. Z.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. To address the multi-modal spatio-temporal data efficient scheduling problem of the diverse and highly concurrent visualization applications in cloud-edge-terminal environment, this paper systematically studies the cloud-edge-terminal integrated scheduling model of multi-level visualization tasks of multi-modal spatio-temporal data. By accurately defining the hierarchical semantic mapping relationship between the diverse visual application requirements of different terminals and scheduling tasks, we propose a multi-level task-driven cloud-edge-terminal multi-granularity storage-computing-rendering resource collaborative scheduling method. Based on the workflow, the flexible allocation strategy of cloud-edge-terminal scheduling service chain that consider the characteristics of spatio-temporal task is constructed. Finally, we established a cloud-edge-terminal scheduling adaptive optimization mechanism based on the service quality evaluation model, and developed a prototype system. Experiments are conducted with the urban construction and construction management, the results show that the new method breaks through the bottleneck of traditional spatio-temporal data visualization scheduling, and it can provide theoretical and methodological support for the visualization and scheduling of spatio-temporal big data.
TOWARDS INTELLIGENT GEO-DATABASE SUPPORT FOR EARTH SYSTEM OBSERVATION: IMPROVING THE PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF BIG SPATIO-TEMPORAL RASTER DATA
Authors: Mazroob Semnani N. , Breunig M. , Al-Doori M. , Heck A. , Kuper P. , Kutterer H.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The European COPERNICUS program provides an unprecedented breakthrough in the broad use and application of satellite remote sensing data. Maintained on a sustainable basis, the COPERNICUS system is operated on a free-and-open data policy. Its guaranteed availability in the long term attracts a broader community to remote sensing applications. In general, the increasing amount of satellite remote sensing data opens the door to the diverse and advanced analysis of this data for earth system science.However, the preparation of the data for dedicated processing is still inefficient as it requires time-consuming operator interaction based on advanced technical skills. Thus, the involved scientists have to spend significant parts of the available project budget rather on data preparation than on science. In addition, the analysis of the rich content of the remote sensing data requires new concepts for better extraction of promising structures and signals as an effective basis for further analysis.In this paper we propose approaches to improve the preparation of satellite remote sensing data by a geo-database. Thus the time needed and the errors possibly introduced by human interaction are minimized. In addition, it is recommended to improve data quality and the analysis of the data by incorporating Artificial Intelligence methods. A use case for data preparation and analysis is presented for earth surface deformation analysis in the Upper Rhine Valley, Germany, based on Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data. Finally, we give an outlook on our future research.
CLOUD-DESKTOP REMOTE SENSING DATA MANAGEMENT TO ENSURE TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION OF QGIS AND GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE
Authors: Panidi E. , Rykin I. , Kikin P. , Kolesnikov A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Our context research is conducted to investigate the possibility of common application of the remote sensing and ground-based monitoring data to detection and observation of the dynamics and change in climate and vegetation cover parameters. We applied the analysis of the annual graphs of Normalized Difference Water Index to estimate the length and time frames of growing seasons. Basing on previously gained results, we concluded that we can use the Index-based monitoring of growing season parameters as a relevant technique. We are working on automation of computations that can be applied to processing satellite imagery, computing Normalized Difference Water Index time series (in the forms of maps and annual graphs), and estimation of growing season parameters. As currently used data amounts are big (or up-to-big) geospatial data, we use the Google Earth Engine platform to process initial datasets. Our currently described experimental work incorporates investigation of the possibilities for integration of cloud computing data storage and processing with client-side data representation in universal desktop GISs. To ensure our study needs we developed a prototype of a QGIS plugin capable to run processing in GEE and represent results in QGIS.
EXPLORING CULTURAL HERITAGE COLLECTIONS IN IMMERSIVE ANALYTICS: CHALLENGES, BENEFITS, AND A CASE STUDY USING VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Koebel K. , Agotai D. , Çöltekin A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Immersive analytics, at the intersection of visual analytics and virtual reality has recently gained some traction. Taking a similar approach, VaRt-DataExplorer project is concerned with exploration of data spaces in Virtual Reality (VR) in the context of cultural heritage collections. Our main objective is to facilitate better a understanding and insight into spatially referenced cultural heritage data sets. Within the scope of the project, this goal would be achieved by providing potentially ‘intuitive’ forms of real time interaction with the data, and rendering quickly recognizable visuospatial representations to offer more context to cultural artifacts. In particular, a spatial context is provided to the viewers by referencing geographical aspects of the data. Due to the incomplete and imprecise nature of data in this domain, thoughtful attention is given to visualization fidelity. Our initial user study suggests that using an immersive VR offers benefits for the exploration task for the viewer and the user experience provided by VaRt-DataExplorer has received high ratings.
CURRENT SURVEYING METHODS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Authors: Maboudi M. , Gerke M. , Hack N. , Brohmann L. , Schwerdtner P. , Placzek G.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The Technical University of Braunschweig (Brunswick) and Technical University of Munich were successful to establish a Collaborative Research Centre called “Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) – The Challenge of Large Scale” starting from 2020 and funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The aim of this project is “to create the basic conditions for the introduction of additive manufacturing in construction, and thus to pave the way for the use of resource-efficient constructions with a high level of design freedom”. Surveying engineering (geodetic surveying, photogrammetry, laser scanning and GNSS) plays a major role in one of the sub-projects called “Integration of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Process”. This paper aims at introducing the large scale AMC with the main focus on investigating the role of surveying engineering in this topic which will be a topic of high interest in the coming years in the digital fabrication within construction field. After a short introduction on additive manufacturing in construction, this paper will present the general aims and structure of the Collaborative Research Centre. Thereupon, the importance of geometric quality inspection and establishing and transferring different coordinate systems during the Additive Manufacturing (AM) construction steps (elements fabrication, installation and whole structure/building control) and the role of geodetic surveying, photogrammetry, laser scanning and GNSS will be outlined. This will be presented within a subproject called “C06: Integration of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Process” and potentials and challenges for integrating surveying engineering in component and building level additive manufacturing in construction are mentioned.
ANALYSIS AND REAL-TIME VISUALIZATION OF GEO-SPATIAL DATA USING XDASH: APPLICATION TO FLAIR PROJECT
Authors: Berthe G. , Rouchon V. , Ben Gaid M. , El Feki A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The reduction of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions is a major challenge. In this context, each natural or industrial release such as methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) has to be monitored, localized and quantified. IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) is developing a mobile measurement system called Flair car whose purpose is the detection of different abnormal gas emissions. Flair car system incorporates various gas sensors, including a weather station and GPS (Global Positioning System) module, mounted on a plugin hybrid electric vehicle. This enables the real-time monitoring and the recording of geo-time-stamped gas concentration measurements. Flair map corresponds to the on board real-time visualization software.Flair map development required two important challenges: a quick and agile software modification capability together with a real-time display of measurements on maps. In order to meet these two challenges, we adopted a software rapid-prototyping approach based on the xDash tool. In this paper, our proposed real-time data visualisation approach is first introduced. Then, the rapid-prototyping development methodology which resulted in the Flair map software is described. Finally, two main operational usages of Flair map are illustrated. The first involves real-time visualization aboard the car of the maps representing data acquisition from gas concentration sensors. The second shows the a-posteriori analysis of measurement campaigns for the purpose of methane anomalies study.
Increased density of large low-velocity provinces recovered by seismologically constrained gravity inversion
Authors: Szwillus Wolfgang , Ebbing Jörg , Steinberger Bernhard
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The nature and origin of the two large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) in the lowest part of the mantle remain controversial. These structures have been interpreted as a purely thermal feature, accumulation of subducted oceanic lithosphere or a primordial zone of iron enrichment. Information regarding the density of the LLVPs would help to constrain a possible explanation. In this work, we perform a density inversion for the entire mantle, by constraining the geometry of potential density anomalies using tomographic vote maps. Vote maps describe the geometry of potential density anomalies according to their agreement with multiple seismic tomographies, hence not depending on a single representation. We use linear inversion and determine the regularization parameters using cross-validation. Two different input fields are used to study the sensitivity of the mantle density results to the treatment of the lithosphere. We find the best data fit is achieved if we assume that the lithosphere is in isostatic balance. The estimated densities obtained for the LLVPs are systematically positive density anomalies for the LLVPs in the lower 800–1000 km of the mantle, which would indicate a chemical component for the origin of the LLVPs. Both iron-enrichment and a mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) contribution are in accordance with our data, but the required superadiabatic temperature anomalies for MORB would be close to 1000 K.
On the morphology and amplitude of 2D and 3D thermal anomalies induced by buoyancy-driven flow within and around fault zones
Authors: Guillou-Frottier Laurent , Duwiquet Hugo , Launay Gaëtan , Taillefer Audrey , Roche Vincent , Link Gaétan
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In the first kilometers of the subsurface, temperature anomalies due to heat
conduction processes rarely exceed 20–30 ∘C. When fault zones are
sufficiently permeable, fluid flow may lead to much larger thermal
anomalies, as evidenced by the emergence of thermal springs or by
fault-related geothermal reservoirs. Hydrothermal convection triggered by
buoyancy effects creates thermal anomalies whose morphology and amplitude
are not well known, especially when depth- and time-dependent permeability
is considered. Exploitation of shallow thermal anomalies for heat and power
production partly depends on the volume and temperature of the
hydrothermal reservoir. This study presents a non-exhaustive numerical
investigation of fluid flow models within and around simplified fault zones,
wherein realistic fluid and rock properties are accounted for, as are
appropriate boundary conditions. 2D simplified models point out relevant
physical mechanisms for geological problems, such as “thermal inheritance”
or pulsating plumes. When permeability is increased, the classic
“finger-like” upwellings evolve towards a “bulb-like” geometry,
resulting in a large volume of hot fluid at shallow depth. In simplified
3D models wherein the fault zone dip angle and fault zone thickness are varied,
the anomalously hot reservoir exhibits a kilometer-sized “hot air balloon”
morphology or, when permeability is depth-dependent, a “funnel-shaped”
geometry. For thick faults, the number of thermal anomalies increases but
not the amplitude. The largest amplitude (up to 80–90 ∘C) is
obtained for vertical fault zones. At the top of a vertical, 100 m wide
fault zone, temperature anomalies greater than 30 ∘C may extend
laterally over more than 1 km from the fault boundary. These preliminary
results should motivate further geothermal investigations of more elaborated
models wherein topography and fault intersections would be accounted for.
Effect of normal stress on the friction of brucite: Application to slow earthquake in the mantle wedge
Authors: Okuda Hanaya , Katayama Ikuo , Sakuma Hiroshi , Kawai Kenji
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We report the results of friction experiments on brucite under both dry and water-saturated (wet) conditions under various normal stresses (10–60 MPa). The steady-state friction coefficients of brucite were determined to be 0.40 and 0.26 for the dry and wet cases, respectively, independent of the normal stress. Under dry conditions, velocity-weakening behavior was observed in all experiments at various normal stresses. Under wet conditions, velocity weakening was observed at low normal stress (10 and 20 MPa), whereas velocity strengthening was determined at a higher applied normal stress. The microstructural observations on recovered experimental samples indicate localized deformation within the narrow shear band, implying that a small volume of brucite can control the bulk strength in an ultramafic setting and significantly change the frictional properties. Brucite is found to be the only mineral that has a low friction coefficient and exhibits unstable frictional behavior under hydrated mantle wedge conditions, explaining the occurrence of slow earthquakes in the mantle wedge.
Stadsbarndom: om barns erfarenheter av platser i staden
Authors: Harju Anne , Rasmusson Bodil
Published: August 2020

Artikeln presenterar två kvalitativa studier som fokuserat barns användning av och relation till platserutomhus utifrån barns perspektiv. Studierna genomfördes vid olika tidpunkter, i mitten av 1990-taletoch under åren 2008–2009, med barn i ungefär samma åldrar (9–11 år), med liknande metoder och isnarlika typer av bostadsmiljöer, men i två olika svenska städer. Teoretiska utgångspunkter hämtasfrån barndomssociologin samt barndomsgeografins definitioner av begreppen rum och plats. Syftet äratt undersöka betydelsen av platser utomhus för barn i de båda studierna utifrån frågorna: hur använder och resonerar barn om platser i sin boendemiljö, och vilka likheter och skillnader finns? Gemensamanalys av centrala delar av empirin från de båda studierna visar på stor överensstämmelse mellan resultaten liksom med annan tidigare forskning. Utomhusmiljön representerar viktiga värden i barns vardagsliv, i deras meningsskapande och identitetsarbete oberoende barndomens föränderlighet och avden tidsrymd som förflutit mellan studierna.
Barns verdi. Om Per Sivles dyrebiografier i Illustreret Tidende for Børn
Authors: Goga Nina
Published: August 2020

Artikkelen tar for seg seks tekster av den norske forfatteren Per Sivle (1857–1904) og leser disse somrefleksjoner over barns verdi. Tekstene blir omtalt som dyrebiografier og spørsmålet om barns verdidrøftes i lys av forholdet mellom dyr-barn-menneske. Artikkelen er teoretisk og filosofisk motivert avGiorgio Agambens biopolitiske tenkning og Jean-Jacques Rousseaus argument for barns egenart.
Sammendrag av doktorgradsavhandlinger
Authors: Haikkola Lotta , Hasle Bente , Hillén Sandra , Lunabba Harry , Overå Stian , Sjöberg Johanna
Published: August 2020

.
Utdanningssystemet – et symbolsk felt som klassifiserer mennesker og benevner verden
Authors: Holm Inger Marie
Published: August 2020

Artikkelen er en teoretisk drøfting av det norske utdanningssystemet som symbolsk felt og klassifikasjonssystem. Tema som reises er det norske utdanningssystemets utfordringer knyttet til en økendeflerkulturell sammensetning av elevgruppen, og er fundamentert i Lov av 1998 om grunnskolen og denvidaregåande opplæringa (heretter opplæringslova), som benyttes som eksempel på et system som klassifiserer og kategoriserer elever i norsk skole. Gjennomgang av loven viser at ulike elevgrupper jf. lovgrunnlaget har ulike rettigheter til språkopplæring på sine morsmål. Artikkelen drøfter lovgrunnlagetopp mot stortingsmeldinger som legger til grunn at inkludering skal være et grunnleggende prinsipp foralle i den norske skolen. Det samiske lovgrunnlaget i opplæringsloven presenteres som eksempel på etformelt, faglig og kulturelt «løft» i det norske utdanningssystemet, og det er utarbeidet egne samiskelæreplaner: «Kunnskapsløftet – samisk.» Artikkelen drøfter hvorvidt den samiske modellen kan fremståsom en konstruktiv brobygger og en foregangsmodell for andre språklige minoritetsgrupper i den norskeskolen. Artikkelen er teoretisk forankret i Bourdieu: Kapitalformene, felt og statens maktformer
Effects of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine on the vision recovery and serum trace elements of patients with herpes simplex keratitis
Authors: Yan Sun , Feng Ling , Xiang-yang Xin
Published: August 2020

Objective: To explore the effects of integrated traditional Chinese and western Medicine on the vision recovery and serum trace elements in patients with herpes simplex keratitis.Methods: A total of 86 cases of HSK patients admitted in Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from January 2015 to October 2016 were selected and divided randomly into the observation group (n = 43) and the control group (n = 43) according to the random number table. The control group was treated with ganciclovir eye drops and chondroitin sulfate eye drops, and the observation group was treated with Qinggan Mingmu Decoction on the basis of the control group. The 2 groups were treated for 4 weeks continuously. The clinical efficacy was compared between two groups. The vision recovery, serum trace elements and tear immune factor levels were also compared between two groups before and after treatment.Results: After treatment, the effective rate of treatment in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < .05); in the observation group of patients, visual analogue scale (VAS) score and visual acuity after treatment were obviously higher than those before treatment, and also remarkably higher than those in the control group of patients (p < .05); after treatment, the levels of Fe, Ca and Cu ions in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group and before treatment (p < .05); after treatment, the level of zinc ions in the serum in the observation group was significantly higher than that before treatment and in the control group (p < .05); after treatment, the levels of tear IgA, IgG and C3 in the observation group were prominently higher than those before treatment and in the control group (p < .05).Conclusions: In the treatment of HSK, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine can promote effectively the vision recovery, regulate the level of trace elements in the serum and enhance the level of tear immune factors, with the clinical efficacy better than the treatment of western medicine alone.
Study of Adaptation of the Preschool Anxiety’s Scale in Children to Turkish
Authors: Hakan Şahin
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to study the validity and reliability of the Preschool Anxiety’s Scale in a wide Turkish sample according to the age group of 3, 4 and 5 years. 302 of the 918 children participated in the research aged 3 years, 303 are in the age group of 4 and 313 are in the age group of 5. The scale is based on parent’s assessment for preschool children aged 3-5 years, the descriptive method was used in the study. During the development process of the scale, 6 experts were consulted for the form that provided the language equality. The Construct validity was also determined based on AFA and DFA. The Corrected item-total correlations and Cronba’s Alpha reliability coefficient were calculated in order to determine the reliability of the scale. The KMO and the Barlett test have showed that the factor analysis is suitable for the data set. Within the context of confirmatory factor analysis 28 items and 5 dimensions including in the Anxiety Scale for Preschool Children have been verified with the data obtained in the scope of the research. In accordance with the data obtained from the parents of children aged 3, 4 and 5 years it was determined that the general anxiety, social anxiety, fear of social injury, separation anxiety, the sub-dimensions of the obsessive compulsive disorder and the score obtained from the scale were reliable. The Reliability levels of the overall scale and the sub-factors were found to be sufficient. The scale was found to be reliable and valid by the results acquired in the research. At the end of the study it was found that the scale has the characteristics of being used independently in each group.
A Proposal for an Integrated Methodological and Scientific Approach to Cost Used Forestry Machines
Authors: Abbas Dalia , Di Fulvio Fulvio , Marchi Enrico , Spinelli Raffaele , Schmidt Mike , Bilek Ted , Sup-Han Han
Published: August 2020

This paper offers a conceptual analysis of the unaccounted-for cost of owning and operating used machines from an operational, financial and market perspective. It is based on input from experts and a literature review. In the scientific literature, assessing the operating cost of used machines in forest operations is typically based on standard cost assessment methods using costing/pricing input from similar unused machines. This is the case since there are usually no historical data for observed used machines available to analyze. This substitute analysis is problematic to many used and depreciated machines owners. The changing trends in forest technology attest that old machinery do not hold to the same input cost data variables or values of new machines. In fact, they belong to two rather competing different markets: (used vs. new equipment markets). With the technological, market and machinery regulations and dynamic changes, the substitute cost analysis is not representative. Better data is required to understand the cost of owning and operating used machines and the justification is the focal point of this paper. The outcome of the expert and literature analysis in this paper demonstrates that a broader understanding of the cost of a used machine is required and doable. A proposed understanding integrates the machine availability (performance), cost factors (financial) and market evaluation (price), in isolation (single piece of machine) as well as in a fleet, to assess a used machine ownership cost. The study is intended to offer forest machine operators, owners, scientists, and practitioners a proposed new approach to value used machines and further investigations and data inputs required to make used machines costing methods more relevant.
Hand-Held Personal Laser Scanning
Authors: Balenović Ivan , Liang Xinlian , Jurjević Luka , Hyyppä Juha , Seletković Ante , Kukko Antero
Published: August 2020

The emergence of hand-held Personal Laser Scanning (H-PLS) systems in recent years resulted in initial research on the possibility of its application in forest inventory, primarily for the estimation of the main tree attributes (e.g. tree detection, stem position, DBH, tree height, etc.). Research knowledge acquired so far can help to direct further research and eventually include H-PLS into operational forest inventory in the future. The main aims of this review are:
- to present the current state of the art for H-PLS systems
- briefly describe the fundamental concept and methods for H-PLS application in forest inventory
- provide an overview of the results of previous studiesÞ emphasize pros and cons for H-PLS application in forest inventory in relation to conventional field measurements and other similar laser scanning systems
- highlight the main issues that should be covered by further H-PLS-based forest inventory studies.
Knevelarij in de toeslagenaffaire?
Authors: Sikkema E.
Published: August 2020

Knevelarij in de toeslagenaffaire?

De toeslagenaffaire laat zien dat de mogelijkheid van strafvervolging van individuele ambtenaren wegens knevelarij in de praktijk in beeld kan komen. In deze bijdrage wordt helderheid verschaft over de reikwijdte en betekenis van de strafbaarstelling van knevelarij. Het strafrechtelijke onderzoek dat naar aanleiding van de aangifte door het ministerie is ingesteld, zal moeten uitwijzen of er in de toeslagenaffaire inderdaad sprake is geweest van knevelarij. Veel zal daarbij afhangen van het antwoord op de vragen of en in hoeverre – en op welk moment – individuele ambtenaren van het onverschuldigde karakter van de teruggevorderde bedragen op de hoogte waren.
Het verschoningsrecht van de rechtspersoon
Authors: Boonstra-Verhaert J.
Published: August 2020

Het verschoningsrecht van de rechtspersoon

Aan wie het verschoningsrecht toekomt, welke informatie in beginsel onder het verschoningsrecht valt en wie zich op het verschoningsrecht kan beroepen, is recent door de Hoge Raad in civilibus verduidelijkt in het kader van het onderzoek van de Ondernemingskamer inzake SNS Reaal c.s. De Hoge Raad heeft bepaald dat aan de rechtspersoon die zich tot een advocaat of notaris heeft gewend geen afgeleid verschoningsrecht toekomt. De rechtspersoon kan wel een gerechtvaardigd belang hebben om te weigeren mee te werken aan een onderzoek. In dat geval kan ‘de rechtspersoon zich ook op de vertrouwelijkheid van de met de advocaat of notaris uitgewisselde informatie beroepen, indien de advocaat of notaris zich ter zake van deze informatie niet op het verschoningsrecht beroept’. Ook notulen en bestuursbesluiten kunnen informatie bevatten die onder het verschoningsrecht valt. Dit geldt eveneens voor informatie die door de rechtspersoon met derden, zoals in dit geval DNB en het ministerie van Financiën, is uitgewisseld.
Fair Dealing: What is Fair?
Authors: Colston Catherine
Published: August 2020

Fair Dealing: What is Fair?
IN DEFENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ROLLING CHARGE
Authors: Lowrie Sarah , Todd Paul
Published: August 2020

IN DEFENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ROLLING CHARGE
RESTRAINT OF TRADE DURING AND ON THE TERMINATION OF A CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT
Authors: Stratton I G C
Published: August 2020

RESTRAINT OF TRADE DURING AND ON THE TERMINATION OF A CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT
ABOUT A "PROPER LAW OF A (RESTITUTIONARY) REMEDY"
Authors: Elias Olufemi
Published: August 2020

ABOUT A "PROPER LAW OF A (RESTITUTIONARY) REMEDY"
LORD DENNING'S CONTRIBUTION TO CONTRACT LAW
Authors: Atiyah P S
Published: August 2020

LORD DENNING'S CONTRIBUTION TO CONTRACT LAW
LORD DENNING AND MODERN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Authors: Forsythe Christopher
Published: August 2020

LORD DENNING AND MODERN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
THE NATURAL LAW FOUNDATIONS OF LORD DENNING'S THOUGHT AND WORK
Authors: Phang Andrew
Published: August 2020

THE NATURAL LAW FOUNDATIONS OF LORD DENNING'S THOUGHT AND WORK
THE HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA AND THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES - A CENTENARY REFLECTION
Authors: Kirby CMG Michael J
Published: August 2020

In October 2003 in Melbourne, the High Court of Australia celebrated the centenary of its first sitting.  According to the Australian Constitution, it is the “Federal Supreme Court” of the Australian Commonwealth.1  Although the Constitution envisaged the establishment of the High Court, the first sitting of the new court did not take place until a statute had provided for the court and the appointment of its first Justices.  They took their seats in a ceremony held in the Banco Court in the Supreme Court of Victoria on 6 October 1903.  Exactly a century later, the present Justices assembled in the same courtroom for a sitting to mark the first century of the Court.
LAW AND LITERATURE – THE CONTRIBUTION OF LORD DENNING
Authors: Nourse Sir Martin
Published: August 2020

At the beginning of the 21st century an audience consisting mainly of lawyers will not need to be persuaded that the law has a contribution to make to literature or, at any rate, that it has a literature of its own. A hundred years ago it might have been different. The Oxford Book of English Prose, published in 1925, contained extracts from only three reported judgments. By a coincidence, it was in the Yale Review of the same year that Benjamin Cardozo’s Law and Literature first appeared, since when the opinion has been growing, certainly amongst lawyers, that there must be something in it.
THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE CISG ON THE COMMON LAWS OF ENGLAND AND THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND: A LEGAL ANACTATAXIS OR A TRIVIAL MATTER OF IMPLEMENTATION? THE LESSONS OF COMPARATIVE LAW
Authors: Platsas Antonios
Published: August 2020

This article is based on the speculative hypothesis that the United Kingdom (“UK”) as well as the Republic of Ireland (“Ireland”) will eventually implement the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 (“CISG 1980”) into their legal systems.   Out of the 25 member states of the European Union1 only 5 have yet to accede to the CISG 1980: Cyprus, the Republic of Ireland, Malta, Portugal and the United Kingdom; all of them are by and large common law systems with the exception of Portugal.  However, the article will focus on the British and Irish “non-compliance” with the CISG 1980 and the potential modifications that their trade law systems would have to face to come up to terms with a potential implementation of the CISG 1980. The analysis is by way of a comparison between the current common trade laws of England and Ireland with the CISG 1980 (and to a certain extent with the CISG compliant nations).2  This is followed by an analysis as to why the implementation of the CISG 1980 will amount to a legal anacatataxis3 rather than a mere triviality of implementation in these countries.
PUNISHMENT WITHOUT LAW: HOW ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS IN MARITAL RAPE
Authors: Lawrence QC Sir Ivan
Published: August 2020

In marital rape cases, the appellate courts have either ignored or dismissed established principles of law: that Parliament is sovereign and alone can make new laws, and that the House of Lords cannot change laws in contradiction to the clear intention of Parliament. Now, the courts are developing a test of forseeability, that not only defeats the rule against retrospectivity but goes further to defy common-sense, thus proving, in this area of the law that, ends justify the means.
THE JUDGES AND THE EXECUTIVE – HAVE THE GOALPOSTS BEEN MOVED?
Authors: Lloyd of Berwick Lord
Published: August 2020

Denning Lecture 2005In lectures named after famous men, it is the custom for the lecturer to start with a tribute to the great man in question.  This is as it should be.  In the case of Lord Denning, the greatest judge of our time, one could start easily enough.  The difficulty would be knowing where to stop. Fortunately the task of doing justice to Lord Denning, both as a person and as a judge, was undertaken by Lord Bingham before a huge congregation in Westminster Abbey in June 1999.  It will never be done better.  So instead I will refer to just three incidents in his life.
CAPACITY, MORAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Slater James
Published: August 2020

This article is concerned with the conflict between two theories of moral responsibility for wrongdoing, one of which I shall term the shallow capacity theory and the other the self-control theory. This conflict is of interest for two reasons. First, and fundamentally, it is important from the perspective of moral philosophy: in this regard, I will argue that the shallow capacity theory is incomplete, and as a result inferior to the self-control theory, which offers a complete account of moral responsibility for wrongdoing. Secondly, given the criminal law’s interest in moral responsibility and blame, I will argue that the self-control theory offers two important insights for the criminal law, insights that the shallow capacity theory does not provide. First, it offers the most accurate understanding of the moral significance of killing under provocation, and thus the best framework for understanding the partial defence of provocation. Secondly, it demonstrates that there is a need in the criminal law for a defence based on radical impairment of an agent’s capacity for self-control, and in so doing offers a vital insight into the notion of a partial denial of moral responsibility. It should be noted that these insights for the criminal law emerge from those features of the self-control theory that make it superior to the shallow capacity theory as a theory of moral responsibility.
BECKFORD AND BEYOND. SOME DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DOCTRINE OF ABUSE OF PROCESS
Authors: Bray Richard
Published: August 2020

In recent years one of the largest growth areas of law in the criminal trial jurisdiction has been the development of the doctrine of abuse of process. As recently as the 1970s, submissions based on abuse of process were virtually unknown in the criminal courts. Now there is no competent defence advocate who does not come to court well armed with a quiver full of authorities ready to shoot down a prosecution as the opportunity arises. The underlying principle behind the doctrine of abuse of process is the concept that the court has a duty in criminal cases, to hold the balance between the interests of the state in maintaining order and the rights of individuals, and in exercising that duty the court retains a residual power to stay prosecutions which are vexatious or oppressive.
INCORPORATION OF CHARTERPARTY ARBITRATION CLAUSES INTO BILLS OF LADING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: Goldby Miriam
Published: August 2020

This article looks at two recent court decisions and one recent arbitral award which help to clarify the position of English Law with regard to incorporation of charterparty arbitration clauses into bills of lading. It starts by giving a brief overview of past decisions of the English Courts on this issue. It proceeds to consider recent developments and to draw conclusions therefrom.  Most bills of lading contain jurisdiction clauses providing that parties are to resolve any disputes arising in connection with the contract of carriage contained in the bill through litigation in the courts. Where a bill of lading is issued under a charterparty, however, and where it expressly incorporates the charterparty’s arbitration clause into its terms, the parties to the contract of carriage contained in the bill of lading, including any transferees of the bill, may be obliged to refer their disputes to arbitration.  Wilson notes that “[a] strict contra proferentem approach has been adopted towards [attempts to incorporate charterparty arbitration clauses into bills of lading] since, while arbitration clauses are common in charterparties, hey are rarely found in bills of lading.” Three conditions must be met in order for a charterparty arbitration clause to be successfully incorporated into the bill of lading. First of all, “the operative words of incorporation must be found in the bill of lading itself”. Secondly such words must be suitable to describe the charterparty clause that is being incorporated. Finally, the incorporated clause must be consistent with the terms of the bill of lading, and in the event of conflict, the provisions of the bill of lading will prevail.
Foreword
Authors: Denning Alfred
Published: August 2020

Foreword
Organisation and Development of the Legal Professionin Africa, in particular the ability of the Bar and judiciary to up hold the rights of both the citizen and the state
Authors: Elias T O
Published: August 2020

Organisation and Development of the Legal Professionin Africa, in particular the ability of the Bar and judiciary to up hold the rights of both the citizen and the state
Access to the US Federal Courts: Only Interested Parties Need Apply?
Authors: Hough Barry
Published: August 2020

Access to the US Federal Courts: Only Interested Parties Need Apply?
Lord Denning and Open Government
Authors: Williams D G T
Published: August 2020

Lord Denning and Open Government