bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI MOBILE KAMUS ISTILAH KOMPUTER UNTUK MAHASISWA BARU BIDANG ILMU KOMPUTER BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Erlinda Erlinda , Masriadi Masriadi
Published: June 2020

Dengan adanya kamus istilah komputer, maka akan memudahkan mahasiswa, pelajar dan masyarakat dalam memahami istilah dalam dunia komputer. Kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap layanan teknologi berbasis teknologi sangat bervariatif. Salah satu kebutuhan tersebut adalah kebutuhan akan ketersediaan kamus komputer. Kamus komputer merupakan salah satu kamus yang diperlukan oleh masyarakat. Kamus istilah komputer yang banyak beredar saat ini masih dalam bentuk buku, sehingga banyak menyulitkan penggunanya karena harus mencari arti dan istilah komputer secara manual.

Untuk itu diperlukan adanya kamus istilah komputer, agar dapat memudahkan masyarakat dalam memahami arti-arti dan dan istilah komputer dalam bentuk aplikasi mobile khususnya berbasis android yang saat ini banyak sekali digunakan di masyarakat.
EFICIÊNCIA DAS ESTRATÉGIAS ADOTADAS PARA REMOÇÃO VIRAL EM ESTAÇÃO DE TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA
Authors: Nalli de Freitas Laize , Magno Romano Oliosa Eduardo , Durão Dadalto Julia , De Brito Fardin Carloline , DUTRA DE OLIVEIRA MARIANGELA
Published: June 2020

O tratamento de água é postulado em grande parte do mundo como um importante processo que visa, principalmente, à saúde da população, uma vez que elimina diversos microrganismos patogênicos. No entanto, a maioria dos sistemas de tratamento não possuem uma preocupação na detecção e remoção de partículas virais, que são causas de diversas doenças. Dessa forma, este estudo se propôs em revisar os artigos acadêmicos que abordam este tema e determinar qual a melhor técnica para a remoção da carga vital. Para isto, utilizou-se a plataforma CAPES na busca desses artigos, usando as palavras chaves: vírus, tratamento de água e doenças de veiculação hídrica. Os artigos pesquisados datam de 2010 a 2020 e foram excluídos os que abordavam os temas animais, bactérias, tratamento de esgoto e esgoto. Essa exclusão permitiu a coleta de 12 artigos, dos quais 75% apresentaram alguma técnica de tratamento de remoção de vírus na água. A estratégia mais eficiente foi a de pré-tratamento convencional seguido de membranas de ultrafiltração e a menos eficiente foi a de uso de filtro de carvão ativado granular.
Pemeriksaan Status Gizi Indeks Massa Tubuh Menurut Umur untuk Deteksi Dini Status Gizi Tidak Normal pada Remaja Puteri
Authors: Rahayu Atikah
Published: June 2020

AbstractMacro and micro nutrient deficiency in female adolescents causes the body to be thin and weight (BB) to drop dramatically impact on nutritional status becomes abnormal. One risk factor is an unbalanced diet. The nutritional status of adolescent girls can be seen from the results of the examination of Body Mass Index (BMI / U) by age. The importance of this nutritional status check is carried out considering that adolescent girls are one of the most potential human resources to assist development in a country because adolescents are the next generation and determiners of the future of this nation, in addition, adolescent girls are prospective mothers who will give birth to children of high quality to use for the development of a nation if it consumes food based on balanced nutrition. The  examination of abnormal nutritional status of 68 teenage girls (39.3%) can trigger educational institutions in collaboration with health institutions and parents to immediately conduct nutritional interventions in the form of nutritional education, or cooking demonstrations of balanced nutrition requirements for teenagers and parents as a program to tackle problems of abnormal nutritional status and the risk of anemia for adolescent girls, so that nutritional problems in adolescents can be quickly resolved.
EFFECTIVENESS OF STANDARDIZED PATIENTS AND ROLE-PLAY SIMULATION METHODS IN IMPROVING SELF-CONFIDENCE AND THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF NURSING STUDENTS
Authors: Cahyono Bagus Dwi , Zuhroidah Ida , Sujarwadi Mokhammad
Published: June 2020

Background: Communication skills are critical skills that must be possessed by nurses because communication is a dynamic process that is used to collect assessment data, provide education or health information to influence clients to apply it in life, show caring, provide comfort, foster self-confidence and, value respect - client value. Nurses in communicating with clients must have high confidence in the effect of these communications.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the effect of standardized patient simulation methods and role play in increasing self-confidence and therapeutic communication skills of students of the Nursing Academy of Pasuruan.Methods: The design of this study is the quasi experimental study. There are two therapeutic communication training groups. Group A uses a Standardized Patient (SP) and, Group B uses the role play (RP) method. The population in this study were students of the Nursing Academy of Pasuruan, and the sample was taken by simple random sampling with a sample size group of 16 standardized patients and a roleplay group of 16 people. The measuring instrument used was an observation sheet on therapeutic communication skills and a questionnaire on confidence in therapeutic communication. The effectiveness of the two methods was analyzed by the non-parametric test, namely the Mann Whitney test, to test 2 unpaired samples.Results: The results of this study indicate that there are differences in standardized patient methods and role play on self-confidence and therapeutic communication skills in nursing academy students who are statistically significant at 0.03 (p=0.05).Conclusion: The standardized patient method is more effective in increasing self-confidence and therapeutic communication skills in nursing academy students compared to the roleplay method.Â Keywords: Standardized Patient, Roleplay, Therapeutic Communication, Self-Confidence
ANALYSIS OF PREVENTION BEHAVIORS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION QUESTIONNAIRE (PBPTTQ)
Authors: Putra Kusuma Wijaya Ridi , Wiliyanarti Pipit Festi , Annisa Faida
Published: June 2020

Background: Prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission behavior is also one of the keys to the increased incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Unhealthy behavior in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis can be caused due to lack of information about TB in the community so that they lack responsibility for the tuberculosis transmission.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the Prevention Behaviors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Questionnaire (PBPTTQ) to see whether this questionnaire can be used to assess habits in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis transmission in the community.Methods: The design used in this study was cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in the Public Health Center of Medokan Ayu, Surabaya. The sample in this study were 30 people with positive smear pulmonary tuberculosis who are in the working area of Public Health Center of Medokan Ayu, Surabaya. This study used Prevention Behaviors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Questionnaire (PBPTTQ). PBPTTQ consists of 15 items with 11 items that are positive questions and 4 items that are negative questions. PBPTTQ using Likert Scale with 5-point rating scale. Data analysis of Prevention Behavior of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Questionnaire used statistical analysis using SPSS 21. Data analysis performed was mean, standard deviation, I-CVI, and Cronbach Alpha.Results: Prevention Behaviors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Questionnaire (PBPTTQ) has a high enough reliability value marked by a Cronbach Alpha value of .639. In addition, the validity test of this questionnaire found that I-CVI = .84.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, Prevention Behaviors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Questionnaire (PBPTTQ) can be used to assess pulmonary transmission prevention behavior in the community.Â Key words: Prevention Behavior, pulmonary tuberculosis transmission, public health center, questionnaire.
A LEI DE ABUSO DE AUTORIDADE E A ATIVIDADE DE POLÍCIA JUDICIÁRIA
Authors: Ferreira Luís Henrique Costa , Ferreira Daniel Pinheiro Mota da Silva
Published: June 2020

Partindo dos conceitos de vagueza e ambiguidade pregados por Ralf Poscher, este trabalho estudou  o artigo 27 da Lei nº 13.869, de 5 de setembro de 2019, conhecida como Lei de Abuso de Autoridade, para identificar as implicações  do dispositivo no trabalho de Polícia Judiciária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, de caráter teórico e que faz uso da doutrina e da jurisprudência para conduzir à hermenêutica da norma,  sem desprezar a interpretação do legislador.  Como resultado, chegou-se a conclusão de que, por possuir expressões ambíguas e vagas, a Lei compromete a segurança jurídica da atividade de Polícia Judiciária.
Estudios de Asia Oriental en el ámbito hispanoparlante: La apuesta de la Universidad de Málaga
Authors: Montalbán Manuel , Durán María Auxiliadora
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo parte de la idea general de que el concepto clásico de educación se ve profundamente afectado por la globalización contemporánea. Una de las más importantes expresiones de la globalización en el ámbito educativo es la internacionalización, sobre todo en la etapa de la formación universitaria. Así, las universidades de todo el mundo consideran la internacionalización un elemento privilegiado en sus planes de desarrollo y futuro.

Es en este contexto que entre las universidades españolas crece el interés por intensificar la internacionalización con universidades de Asia Oriental, sobre todo China, Japón y Corea del Sur. De igual modo, se ha ampliado y diversificado en los últimos años la oferta de formación de grado y posgrado al respecto en el territorio nacional, con iniciativas variadas. En el caso de la Universidad de Málaga, hemos apostado por la enseñanza de grado con intensificación en Corea, desde una perspectiva transversal que recoge un amplio programa de estrategias de internacionalización at home y movilidad internacional de docentes y estudiantes, entre universidades de los dos países, sin olvidar una fuerte vocación de diálogo ibero-latinoamericano.

La puesta en marcha del nuevo título de grado representó un salto cualitativo fundamental en la configuración de un espacio propio de colaboración e investigación para el desarrollo de los estudios coreanos en el ámbito hispanoparlante. Hemos querido vertebrar este esfuerzo en torno a los siguientes ejes: transdisciplinariedad, interculturalidad y triangulación Latinoamérica-España-Corea.
Hubungan Curah Hujan dengan Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue di Bandar Lampung 2016-2018
Authors: Triwahyuni Tusy , Husna Ismalia , Andesti Melisa
Published: June 2020

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is disease caused by dengue virus through mosquito as the vector, which spread rapidly. Meanwhile, since 1968 until 2009 WHO determined Indonesia as a country with the highest DHF incidence in South-east asia Departement of Health of Bandar Lampung City. The study aim to know the correlation of rainfall and dengue incidence in Bandar Lampung City Periode 2016-2018. This analytic study performed correlation approach.  Secondary data sources from BMKG and Departement of Health of Bandar Lampung City were obtained. Analyzing data was using SPSS 19. This research was done during January 2020 until February 2020. There were 36 samples from BMKG and department of health of Bandar Lampung city periode 2016-2018 taken using total sampling method. Result show the heaviest rainfall in 2016-2018 recorded in February with average 218,3 mm. The most DHF incidence recorded in March with average 136 incidences. The correlation test shown r= 0,451, N = 36, signification 0,006. There is a correlation between rainfall and DHF incidence with average correlation strength in positive direction.
Hubungan Pendidikan Dan Pekerjaan Dengan Kualitas Hidup Gay, Transgender, dan LSL
Authors: Panonsih Resati Nando , Effendi Arif , Artini Ika , Permata Putri Eka
Published: June 2020

Gay, Transgender dan Men Who Have Seks With Men are individuals who are prone to problem both in health and in the environment such as education and work that will disrupt their lives and will have an impact on their quality of life. The study aim to know the relationship between education and occupation with the quality of life to the Gay, Transgender and MSM in Bandar Lampung 2019. The research using analytic survey with cross-sectional approach. The type of data obtained is primary data. The method of collecting data is by distributing questionnaires WHOQOL-BREF whose results will be categorized. This research was conducted from September to November 2019. In this research, the samples taken included all member of Gaya Lentera Muda organization with a total of 35 people, taken with total sampling technique. The report for quality of gay, transgender and MSM in Bandar Lampung who has middle education mostly have mild quality of life of 12 subjects (63,2%) and the subjects who have occupation mostly have mild quality of life of 12 subject (66,7%). The final results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between education and occupation with quality of life to gay, transgender and MSM in Bandar Lampung 2019 (p-value = 0,003 dan p-value = 0,414). The higher the level of education and the person has a working status, the higher the quality of life.
Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Proses Penyembuhan Luka pada Pasien Post Apendektomi
Authors: Siswandi Andi , Wulandari Mardheni , Erianto Mizar , Mawaddah Noviska Azahrah
Published: June 2020

Appendicitis is part of the emergency cases that often occur in the abdominal area. Appendicitis is a prototype disease that takes place through inflammation due to obstruction and ischemia with the main symptoms which is pain that reflects the state of the disease. Appendicitis requires surgical appendectomy to reduce the risk of perforation. Apendectomy surgery is one type of wound that is an incision wound. The time of wound healing can be determined by the distinguishing between types of acute or chronic wounds. Appendectomy that does not have a post-surgical infection is categorized as an acute wound, physiologically the acute wound will heal ± 0-21 days. However, if the provision of nutrition is not fulfilled properly it will be almost the wound healing process. One factor that can influence the wound healing process is nutritional status. This study aim to determine the correlation of nutritional status with the wound healing process of post-appendectomy patients in RSUD Dr. H. Abdoel Moeloek, Bandar Lampung. This study used observational analytic with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test. From the Chi-square test found a relationship of nutritional status with a significant wound healing process (p <0.05) which is obtained p = 0.004, and the value obtained (OR = 10.5) can be said that adequate nutritional status is 10.5 times more likely to experience good wound healing when compared to undernourished nutritional status. There is a correlation between nutritional status and wound healing process in post-appendectomy patients.
Implementasi QR Code untuk Efisiensi Waktu Pemesanan Menu Makanan dan Minuman di Restoran maupun Kafe
Authors: Suharianto  , Pambudi Lukman Bahar Agung , Rahagiyanto Angga , Suyoso Gandu Eko Julianto
Published: June 2020

The quick response (QR) code provides a fast, easy, convenient, accurate and automatic method of transporting data. By freeing applications and popularizing wireless communications and cellular technology, two-dimensional barcode technology has been used for production, logistics, and sales. To order the benefits of technology to the service sector, for this study, we used various QR code applications in the food or beverage menu service management system in restaurants / cafes. The specific purpose is to allow restaurant waiters to quickly and appropriately provide service to restaurant / cafe customers. Experimental results show that the method developed in this study can significantly improve the service menu, prepare waiters and chefs to provide the right service, shorten the time for ordering the menu, and facilitate the resolution of the problem. Research in actual circumstances will be a full support tool for restaurant / cafe menu services. The results of the test prove agreeing from the point of view of efficiency and cost savings, the new system is fast and efficient, improving very competitive with the release of an improved management system.
The Effect of Range Of Motion (ROM) Exercise on the Level of Stroke Patient Mobility
Authors: Muriyati  , Safruddin  , Andi Nurwahyuni Asmur
Published: June 2020

One form of mobilization that can be given is by doing ROM exercises. Muscle strength in stroke patients can be done immediately through ROM exercises after a stroke has passed. The impact of ROM exercises that are not immediately performed in stroke patients as early as possible is the occurrence of muscle cell atrophy, joint stiffness, decreased muscle contraction, pain during movement and as a whole will result in the inability to move or activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Range Of Exercise Motion (ROM) Against the Level of Mobility of Stroke Patients in the Seruni and Flamboyant Treatment Room of H. Andi Sulthan Hospital, Daeng Radja Bulukumba. This type of research is quantitative research, this type of research uses pre-experimental research, with one group research design pre and posttest design. The sample of this study were 30 respondents taken by purposive sampling method. Data analysis in this study used a statistical test dependent test (paired-sample t-test). The results of the analysis used a paired sample t-test with a level of confidence (α = 0.05). Based on the results of this test, the p-value is 0.007, thus p <α (0.007 <0.05), then Ha is accepted. This study concludes that there is the effect of Range of Motion (ROM) Exercise on the Mobility Level of Stroke Patients in the Seruni and Flamboyant Treatment Room of H. Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Bulukumba Hospital. Suggestion: It is expected to be able to add information and input for health workers to improve the quality of health services provided and is expected to also provide benefits to the public in terms of information about the importance of the range of motion (ROM) training on the level of mobility of stroke patients
Knowledge And Adolescent Attitudes In Urban About Hiv And Aids
Authors: Irmawati  , Andi Suswani  , Amirullah
Published: June 2020

The phenomenon that is happening now is that many teenagers do not know the impact of HIV and AIDS both in terms of knowledge and from the attitudes of teenagers themselves. So that the research emphasizes more on the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents about HIV and AIDS. This study aims to identify the knowledge and attitudes of high school adolescents in urban areas about HIV and AIDS in Mas Ma’arif Bulukumba, Bulukumba District. Measurement in this study is the Analitik Descriptive study which is a form of research that is conducted with a survey approach. The sample was 36 respondents. Sampling is done using total sampling. Based on the results of the research that has been done, out of 36 respondents about the level of students' knowledge of HIV and AIDS, the highest number of respondents was high knowledge, namely 24 students (66.7%), then low knowledge by 12 students (33.3%). And those who have attitudes about HIV and AIDS with the highest number of respondents are good attitudes, namely 30 students (83.3%) then bad attitudes as many as 6 students (16.7%). Based on the results of research on students' knowledge and attitudes about HIV and AIDS MAS Ma'arif Bulukumba has good knowledge and attitudes because of the large amount of information obtained by students so that students get an understanding of HIV and AIDS.
A renda da terra:
Authors: Giuliani Gian Mario
Published: June 2020

Sem resumo.
A lavoura canavieira e a expansão do capitalismo britânico em Pernambuco
Authors: Zaidan Filho Michel
Published: June 2020

Sem resumo.
Marxismo abierto
Authors: Mal Manoel Luiz
Published: June 2020

Sem resumo.
Fall 2016
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
Before Drones
Authors: Calcagno Drew A.
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Divergent Outcomes
Authors: Mohsen-Breen Adam
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
A Reputation of Non-Ratification
Authors: Russell Emily
Published: June 2020

The history of the United States’ involvement in international reveals a disproportionate timeline between signing and ratification. Notably, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), one of the binding twin covenants enacting the goals of the non-binding Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), features a 15-year delay following signing before ratification by the U.S. The agreement was viewed as inherently Western, and the United States took leadership during negotiations, becoming the primary promoter of the drafting process. Yet, domestic support for the agreement was seemingly inconsistent with its leading role, identifiable by the delay. The following analysis will evaluate the rationales—legal, institutional, and political—for the delay in the United States’ ratification of the ICCPR. It will then explore catalysts in the international sphere that incited the eventual ratification. Through close readings of Senate hearings, drafts of UN negotiation documents, and analysis of theoretical frameworks by which the United States’ system ratifies international agreements, the following synthesis is a variety of primary and secondary sources which explain the delay in ratification. The study reveals that the United States’ reputation of non-ratification has implications for its international credibility, affecting its ability to shape global politics. The ICCPR is used as a case that elucidates the United States’ rationale for ratifying, or neglecting to ratify, other international agreements; thus, this analysis will address the influence of international politics on domestic participation.
Spring 2019
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
Putting Their Money Where Their Mouth Is
Authors: Teater Aaron
Published: June 2020

The business community has played an increasingly prominent role in international climate governance since the signing of the Paris Agreement. However, recent corporate scandals, such as those of ExxonMobil and Volkswagen, have cast doubt on the credibility of corporate climate action. This paper thus examines the role of corporate climate governance in the post-Paris climate regime. Primarily, this paper focuses on the We Mean Business coalition, which brings together the leading business groups on climate action. Through exploration of the coalition’s organizational structure, its flagship initiative of RE100, and the mechanisms in which firms internalize climate commitments, the case of We Mean Business demonstrates that there is a credible corporate governance regime which plays a critical role in global efforts to combat climate change.
Fall 2008
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
Aggressive Foreign Policy as an Instrument for the Legitimization of Putin's Regime
Authors: Shlapentokh Vladimir
Published: June 2020

The responsibility of Georgian President Michael Saakashvili for the war with Russia continued to be hotly debated in Georgia, Russia and the world several months after its end.1 Indeed, there are various views about Saakashvili’s decision to attack South Ossetia. By the end of the war, the international community was inclined to recognize the adventurous actions of the Georgian president, but put most of the blame on Moscow for its disproportionate reaction, its bombardment of Georgian cities, its permission to South Ossetian forces to plunder Georgians villages and kill Georgians, as well as its long occupation of Georgian territory.
A Solution for Africa
Authors: Collins Anna
Published: June 2020

Regionalism—the efforts of a group of nations to enhance their economic, political, social, and cultural interaction—can assume various forms, including regional integration/cooperation, market integration, development integration, with the intent of accommodating the changing national, international, and regional environment. Despite the fact that to this day, attempts at integration (in particular, market integration based on the EU model) and regionalist impulses as they currently occur have been entirely unproductive throughout the African continent, regionalism continues to be regarded by African leaders as a reasonable strategy for increasing intra-regional trade and for reversing Africa’s rising marginalization in the world economy. They continue to be assured by the success of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the viability of the European Union’s (EU) model for integration, which begins with a free trade area or preferential trade area and ends with complete economic integration. The EU model features a specific mode of decision making (qualified majority voting), conflict resolution mechanism (role of the European Court of Justice), budgetary arrangements (revenue collection and distribution), and citizen involvement (direct elections to the European Parliament) and takes on increasingly state-like functions. While extremely successful in integrating its constituent member state in Europe, as a model it is limited, given the unique circumstances under which it was established and promoted. As noted by Emil Kirchner:

Consideration of the EU as a model for other regional integration settings might be limited, given the unique circumstances in which it was established and promoted. Born out of conflict, the EU benefited from special circumstances in its development, e.g. the Cold War, the United States guarantee and nurturing role, and the industrialised nature of the European economies, which are not found elsewhere.
Spring 2009
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
For Japan, Better Late than Never
Authors: Gerding William , Montague Zach
Published: June 2020

The Japanese general election on August 30, 2009 ousted the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), which had governed almost uninterrupted for 54 years. In its place rose the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and its leading man Yukio Hatoyama. What follows is a brief profile of the DPJ’s main economic challenges and policies, succeeded by the chief points of contention in the DPJ’s interpretation of Japan’s alliance with the US, the invariable focus of which is military. Now, Japan finds itself at a crucial junction to reassert itself as a regional leader in Asia, whether military or civilian, and it can only do this gracefully by maintaining a relatively undisturbed rapport with the US in economic and military matters. Japan also needs to increase its presence in the Asian economies and, possibly, Asian military affairs, a policy that the US would condone.
Spring/Summer 2010
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
Containing the Atom
Authors: Pauly Reid
Published: June 2020

Immediately following the first and only uses of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, President Truman described nuclear stewardship as “an awful responsibility that has fallen to us.” The decision to use the bombs did clearly demonstrate the operational effectiveness of a new and awesome weapon, as the atomic bomb was generally accepted to have been critical in bringing about the Japanese surrender. Moreover, new weapon technologies have consistently been used in subsequent warfare throughout human history. Policy-makers in the post-1945 period, therefore, would have had to work energetically against that precedent if they sought to meet Truman’s “responsibility” and establish a tradition of non-use of nuclear weapons. This paper will defend the proposition that this is exactly what key American policy-makers sought and accomplished.

In the narrative that follows, the key dates to be examined are between 1945 and 1950—a transformative period in American foreign affairs when Paul Nitze and other key US policy-makers were setting the stage for the Cold War. The key to this study is not in episodically assessing why the United States repeatedly stepped back from the brink of the nuclear abyss, but rather in seeking to discern the development of a tradition of policy considerations concluding in the practice of nonuse. This policy evolution is tracked through three key debates of the early Cold War: establishing the uniqueness of nuclear weapons, creating the hydrogen bomb, and the writing of NSC-68.

Scholars have proposed two key explanations for the widely unexpected legacy of atomic weapons: the tradition of non-use and the nuclear taboo. The taboo explanation stems from a constructivist appreciation of the role of ideas and social action in state behavior, while the tradition of non-use comes from an assessment of the material and reputational factors considered by rational and strategically-oriented policy-makers. Both of these explanations need to be taken into account when assessing the non-use of nuclear weapons. Overall, I argue in this paper that US nuclear policy, with the early support of policy-makers like Paul Nitze, developed in a way that allowed for the emergence of a tradition of non-use of nuclear weapons. Evolving practices in the early years of the Cold War contributed substantially to a strategic commitment that helped prevent the use of nuclear weapons and prepare the ground for later struggles against proliferation.
The Public Sphere's Private Intelligence
Authors: Gruskin Peter
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Fall/Winter 2010
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
The New Geopolitics
Authors: Burt Richard
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Militarization of Aid and its Implications for Colombia
Authors: King Ian
Published: June 2020

The US has increasingly turned to using the military to administer humanitarian aid in recent years. This process has come under attack from many academics and foreign officials. Using action in Colombia from 1999 to present as a case study, this article evaluates the use of military vice civilian and NGO agencies to administer humanitarian aid. The article includes a suggested model of response to situations such as that found in Colombia today, where the military first has to maintain security, then transition over to civilian and NGO aid.
The War Lovers (Again)
Authors: Sanders Elizabeth , Emberton Caroline
Published: June 2020

Evan Thomas’s recent book, The War Lovers, chronicles the “monumental turning point” of the U.S. declaration of war against Spain in 1898, and the small circle of men who pressed for war, and for an American empire. The central figures, for Thomas, were Theodore Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy; his friend Henry Cabot Lodge, hawkish senator and foreign policy adviser to President McKinley; and William Randolph Hearst, editor of the New York Journal, whose paper did its upmost to fan war fervor in 1897-8. These men were inspired by, and had the strong support of Alfred Thayer Mahan a naval officer, history professor, and influential author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. Though President McKinley hesitated about war with Spain, Roosevelt and Lodge had long dreamed of a war that would establish the United States as a major player on the world stage. When another prominent politician, Speaker of the House Thomas Reed, opposed substantial increases in naval funding that he thought “invited conflict,” Lodge promptly accused him of harboring “extreme pro-Spanish prejudices.”
The Consequences of Rape During Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Dettke Elizabeth
Published: June 2020

“I rape because of the need. After that I feel like a man.” These are the words of a rebel soldier who ruthlessly roams the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in search of his next victims. Rape has been used in the past during warfare to weaken populations and ruin communities and family bonds but never to the extent witnessed in the DRC today. Literally, tens of thousands of women have been raped and this number is most likely largely underestimated. The conflict has been called Africa’s First World War and one of the deadliest since World War II with the death toll reaching 5.4 million in a decade. Ending sexual violence as a weapon of the DRC war remains one of the greatest challenges to the protection of women’s rights. The psychological and physical repercussions of the mass rape of women, children and sometimes even men in the DRC will undermine the capacity of the Congolese people to trust each other. It is possible that the experience of rape and violence could prevent the country from ever being capable of effectively building a nation state.
Revisions to Lipset's Economic Theory of Democratic Development
Authors: Banerjee Anwesha
Published: June 2020

Seymour M. Lipset dubbed economic development a “social requisite to democracy,” considering factors such as national wealth, a large degree of industrialization, and high levels of education to be necessary fertilizers to prepare a breeding ground for democracy. Citing many different cases throughout history leading up to the present (which, for him at the time of writing his article, “Some Social Requisites of Democracy,” was 1959), he famously posited that “the more well-to-do a nation, the greater the chances that it will sustain democracy.”1 While these arguments may ring true for many countries (particularly Western ones), one country in particular does not follow that trend and, thus, fails to fit into his model. That country is India.
Spring 2013
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
Power, Religion, and Capital Punishment
Authors: Azhar Mariam
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Women of War
Authors: Alexander Erin
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
A Beautiful Mess
Authors: Green Madeleynn
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Iceland's Clean Energy Economy
Authors: Grímsson Ólafur R.
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Fall 2014
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
Consequences of Iraqi De-Baathification
Authors: Zinn Cherish M.
Published: June 2020

Ambassador Paul Bremer of the Coalition Provisional Authority, America’s interim government between Saddam’s fall and the independent establishment of a new Iraqi government, issued two specific orders during his term which combined to create a power vacuum in the weakened nation. The first order, or the De-Baathification order, eliminated the top four tiers of Saddam’s Baath party from current and future positions of civil service. The second disbanded the Iraqi military. Both orders worked to eliminate the institutional memory of all Iraqi institutions, requiring Bremer to establish the nation’s new government from its foundations up. This resulted in a poor security situation that ultimately allowed a strong insurgency, recruited from unemployed disaffected youth, to develop, which paved the way for the beginnings of the Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham.
Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy
Authors: Parvini Cameron H , Saadi M A S R , Solares Santiago D
Published: June 2020

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques have provided and continue to provide increasingly important insights into surface morphology, mechanics, and other critical material characteristics at the nanoscale. One attractive implementation involves extracting meaningful material properties, which demands physically accurate models specifically designed for AFM experimentation and simulation. The AFM community has pursued the precise quantification and extraction of rate-dependent material properties, in particular, for a significant period of time, attempting to describe the standard viscoelastic response of materials. AFM static force spectroscopy (SFS) is one approach commonly used in pursuit of this goal. It is capable of acquiring rich temporal insight into the behavior of a sample. During AFM-SFS experiments the cantilever base approaches samples with a nearly constant velocity, which is manipulated to investigate different timescales of the mechanical response. This manuscript seeks to build upon our previous work and presents an approach to extracting useful linear viscoelastic information from AFM-SFS experiments. In addition, the basis for selecting and restricting the model parameters for fitting is discussed from the perspective of applying this technique on a practical level. This work begins with a guided discussion that develops a fit function from fundamental laws, continues with conditioning a raw SFS experimental dataset, and concludes with the fit and prediction of viscoelastic response parameters such as storage modulus, loss modulus, loss angle, and compliance. These steps constitute a complete guide to leveraging AFM-SFS data to estimate key material parameters, with a series of detailed insights into both the methodology and supporting analytical choices.
RESULTS OF RESEARCH ON THE POSSIBILITY OF ARTEMIA INDUSTRIAL EXPLOITATION IN NATURAL RESERVOIRS OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION AND EVALUATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF THE PASTURE AQUACULTURE IN HYPERHALINE WATER BODIES DEVELOPMENT IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION AND REPUBLIC KALMYKIA
Authors: Pyatikopova Olga , Barinova Victoria , Bedritskaya Irina , Petrushkieva Delgir
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the materials of the appraisal hyperhaline water bodies of the Astrakhan region and Republic Kalmykia. The aim of the work was to assess the possibility of industrial exploitation of Artemia in natural reservoirs of the Astrakhan region and the feasibility of developing pastoral aquaculture in these regions. The results showed that reservoirs suitable for Artemia crustaceans and, consequently, for their cultivation (especially by extensive aquaculture methods) are extremely small and are mainly directly dependent on feeding (mostly forced), often degrade or disappear altogether in a dry climate. Due to the peculiarities of the water management situation, the strong variability in the long-term aspect of environmental conditions, especially salinity, in hyperhaline water bodies, makes it difficult to obtain a stable harvest of Artemia and thus to conduct pastoral aquaculture of this species.
ECOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCE ON THE EARLY ONTOGENESIS AND NUMBER OF SO-IUY MULLET (PLANILIZA HAEMATOCHEILA) IN THE SEA OF AZOV
Authors: Kozhurin Efim , Bully Liubov , Gubanov Evgeny
Published: June 2020

In the article, an analysis of so-iuy mullet (Planiliza haematocheila) natural

reproduction conditions was performed in the Sea of Azov over the past 17 years.

The optimal and critical temperatures and salinity of the water were determined

for the effective spawning of so-iuy mullet as well as the influence of these factors

on its early ontogenesis, the dependence of the migration periods and spawning

of producers. An earlier spawning was observed in estuaries and bays.
ON THE PERIODS OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES REMOVAL AFTER FISH PROCESSING
Authors: Vishtorskaya Antonina , Romanova Natalya , Golovin Pavel
Published: June 2020

In the article, the period of triphenylmethane dyes (for example, malachite green and crystal violet) removal from the fish’s tissues after treatment is examined. In the Russian Federation, their use in aquaculture was discontinued. No alternative replacement for these drugs was found which led to a worsening of the epizootic situation in fish farms. The established terms for malachite green excretion for rainbow trout are 282 days (10 months), for purple "K" during summer carp breeding - 40 days (1.5 months). The use of these dyes during incubation period and in the first year of fish rearing in compliance with these terms will allow one to get fish products without a residual amount of triphenylmethane dyes.
REVILLA Y EL NATURALISMO DRAMÁTICO
Authors: Iglesias Sigüenza Cristina
Published: June 2020

Sin información.
The First Azerbaijan Republic and its European Students. The History of their Return
Authors: Mladenova Marinela
Published: June 2020

The assumption in the historiography of the Soviet period implies that the Soviet power established in Azerbaijan played a major role in the modernization and further development of the country. Within the last three decades, when many new studies, memories, copies of documents, and data from previous secret archives have been published, a different history has emerged. The decisions related to the development of the secondary and tertiary education in Azerbaijan, voted by the Parliament of the Democratic Republic, clearly reveal the vision of the then politicians for rapid changes and modernization of society that were possible mainly through education. The first Azerbaijani politicians connected their country’s modernization with Europe, where they sent its future elite to study. The blood terror through which the Soviet power was established in Azerbaijan overturned the fate of many people, drammatically ceased the European orientation of the country for a long period, and predefined the next 70 years of its development.
Historical cataclysms of the second decade of the twentieth century and their influence on the development of scientific knowledge in Azerbaijan (1914-1917)
Authors: Baghirova Irada
Published: June 2020

The First World War, putting at risk the existence of many states, led to a controversial reaction from the scientific community. On the one hand, the war suspended many studies requiring a peaceful course of life and contradicted the very humanistic content of science, on the other hand, gave a powerful impetus to the development of many branches of chemistry, physics, agriculture etc. Scientists of all countries, including Germany and Russia, were called upon to actively participate not only in the implementation of military defense projects, but also in the creation of new technologies and weapons. At the same time, the war became the main reason for the break with the practice and ethical norms of scientific internationalism that existed in the 19th and early 20th centuries.During the First World War, it became clear that a new super-powerful weapon – oil had appeared. İn the war years, Azerbaijani oil was the only energy sourse in Russia, not counting firewood, since coal exports to Russia were stopped and Ukrainian coal mines were seized by the Germans. The First World War turned out to be a watershed in human history: for the first time, an internal combustion engine working on petroleum products was opposed to the muscular strength of horses and people — and they could not resist. The article highlights the development of science, especially the oil industry in Azerbaijan during the First World War and the two revolutions in Russia that followed in 1917. The role of the world famous scientists D.I. Mendeleev, I.M. Gubkin, D.I. Golubyatnikov, the Polish engineers P.Pototsky, V.Zglenitsky in the development of new technologies in the oil business, the construction of the first oil pipelines in Russia is shown.The article discusses the activities of the Baku Branch of the Imperial Russian Technical Society (BO IRTO), as well as features of its work during the war. In this society was carried out the work on the practical production of benzene and toluene from oil and coal in wartime. In addition, even before the war, the BO IRTO established the Emmanuel L. Nobel (the brother of Alfred Nobel) Prize,, whose main activity took place in Baku. The third brother Ludwig Nobel Prize was established in St. Petersburg and was awarded for outstanding achievements in the oil business. The article highlights the activities of the laureates of the Baku and St. Petersburg Nobel Prizes.
Some Interpretations of Foreign Literature during the Epoch of Socialism
Authors: Adinolfi Roberto
Published: June 2020

This paper will focus on some Bulgarian translations of works by foreign writers that were published during the epoch of Socialism. Throughout this period several works by authors from territories such as Latin America, Western Europe and the USA were translated into the languages of the Eastern European countries; some of them do not seem to fit the criteria of the Socialism realism: this is the case of genres such as science fiction or fantasy. Authors such as Alejo Carpentier, Julio Cortázar, Mario Vargas Llosa, Gabriel García Márquez, the Italian writers Italo Calvino, Dino Buzzati and many others have been translated into languages such as Bulgarian and Russian. Many of them do not deal mainly with social and political themes, and some of them (for instance Dino Buzzati) are even highly critical towards doctrines such as Marxism. However, in the forewords of some of the Bulgarian translations of their works we can find political and social interpretations. Similar interpretations can also be found in science fiction works and in non-literary works, such as books devoted to practices such as Yoga, which in some books is analyzed from a Marxist point of view.
PENGGUNAAN METODE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING UNTUK PERAMALAN PENJUALAN PRODUK GALVALUM (STUDI KASUS PADA TOKO ISTANA GALVALUM JEMBER)
Authors: Hotima Siti Husnul , Damara Deva
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung metode Exponential Smoothing  dengan alpha 0,1 0,5 0,9 dalam meramalkan penjualan untuk periode selanjutnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang menggunakan data sekunder yaitu data penjualan Toko Istana Galvalum Jember mulai Bulan Oktober 2017 sampai September 2018. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini antara lain hasil peramalan untuk produk Kanal C 1 mm yaitu menggunakan metode menggunakan metode Exponential Smoothing dengan alpha 0.9 dengan hasil peramalan untuk bulan Oktober 2018 sebesar 1006 unit. Hasil peramalan produk Kanal C 0,75 mm yaitu menggunakan metode Exponential Smoothing dengan alpha 0.9 dengan hasil peramalan untuk bulan Oktober 2018 sebesar 6547 unit. Hasil peramalan produk Kanal C 0,6 mm yaitu menggunakan metode Exponential Smoothing dengan alpha 0.1 dengan hasil peramalan untuk bulan Oktober 2018 sebesar 1564 unit. Hasil peramalan produk Reng yaitu menggunakan metode Exponential Smoothing dengan alpha 0.9 dengan hasil peramalan untuk bulan Oktober 2018 sebesar 15066 unit. Hasil peramalan  produk Baut Skrup yaitu menggunakan metode Exponential Smoothing dengan alpha 0.5 dengan hasil peramalan untuk bulan Oktober 2018 sebesar 112982 unit.Keismpulan penelitian ini adalah peramalan yang memiliki nilai eror yang cukup rendah dan akurasi yang cukup baik dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam perencanaan pengadaan barang.
Prescription Errors Still a Challenge in Pakistan - A Cross-Sectional Study from Central Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Obaid Hafiz , Sohaib Ahmed Umer , Munir Abu Bakar , Akbar Jamshaid , Zaman Muhammad Qamar-uz , Amjad Muhammad Arslan , Ahmad Sharjeel
Published: June 2020

Objective: To evaluate the prescription writing pattern and errors in prescriptions at different health care units of Central Punjab, Pakistan.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted to conduct the present study. Data collection was done for a period of one month i.e. March 2018 from selected community pharmacies of five different cities of Central Punjab, Pakistan. Patients were approached irrespective of age and gender and data was recorded on a pre-designed Performa. The total sample size was 750 (150 prescriptions from each pharmacy). SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences, version 20.0) was used for statistical analysis of data.

Results: Out of 750 prescriptions, 662 prescriptions were included in final analysis. Patient name was found written in almost all prescriptions 660 (99.7%) while physician name was missing on 519 (78.4%). Healthcare provider registration number and qualification were not on 654 (98.8%) and 527 (79.6%) prescriptions respectively. Poly-pharmacy was observed in 103 (16%) prescriptions and no prescription was found with generic name.

Conclusion: The study results highlighted the imperative need to devise policies that should be regulated and implemented by the healthcare authorities to make our prescriptions in line with the prescribed guidelines.