bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerosol Direct Radiative Effects From Extreme Fire Events in Australia, California and Siberia Occurring in 2019–2020
Authors: Vescovini Thomas , Nabat Pierre , Mallet Marc , Solmon Fabien
Published: December 2024

This study aims at investigating the biomass burning aerosols (BBA) from 2019 to 2020 extreme wildfires in California, Australia and Siberia, in terms of aerosol characteristics and direct radiative effect. This study is based on the comparison between global climate simulations (ARPEGE‐Climat) and reference aerosol data sets (reanalyzes, ground‐based observations and satellite data). First, our results demonstrate the need to constrain the injection heights in the model in order to realistically represent extinction vertical profiles observed during fire events, both in the troposphere and in the lower stratosphere due to the contribution of pyro‐convection. Without specific vertical emission profiles for fires, the ARPEGE‐Climat simulations fail in representing aerosol extinction vertical profiles. For each region studied, the modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) is extremely high (above 3 at 550 nm). An important long‐range transport of BBA emitted in Australia and California is shown, with high AOD further from sources. These extremely dense plumes significantly perturb the surface incident solar radiation and exert a large direct (surface) shortwave radiative effect up to −13, −29 and −17 W on monthly average over Australia (January 2020), California (September 2020) and Siberia (August 2019), respectively. A noteworthy positive BBA direct radiative effect (warming) is found at the top of the atmosphere, when dense and strongly absorbing smoke plumes are advected over cloudy oceanic regions, characterized by high surface albedo. This absorption leads to an increase of the solar heating rate up to 0.3 K with possible implications on the atmospheric temperature and dynamics.
Impact of Assimilating WindBorne Observations Following Different Parts of a TPV on the Predictability of an Arctic Cyclone During THINICE
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Johnson Aaron , Wang Xuguang
Published: December 2024

The impact of assimilating in‐situ observation inside a Tropopause Polar Vortex (TPV) from a novel weather balloon system, the WindBorne, on the predictability of the TPV and the coupled Arctic Cyclone (AC) is investigated using an AC case from the THINICE filed campaign. Two WindBornes continuously sampled inside and near the center of the TPV at various vertical levels for 27 hr before the cyclogenesis. The 27 hr were divided into three phases based on the different vertical levels sampled by WindBornes. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the forecasted cyclone is reduced from 12‐hr to 36‐hr forecast lead time as more phases of WindBornes are assimilated. This period corresponds to when the surface cyclone becomes superimposed with the TPV and rapidly deepens. Comparing the experiment with three phases of WindBorne observations assimilated versus the baseline, the cyclone expands southwestwards toward the TPV and forms a stronger coupled structure. Two analysis improvements leading to the improved AC predictability are revealed. First, a stronger circulation at and below the tropopause of the TPV is observed, leading to stronger coupling between the TPV and the surface cyclone in the forecast. Second, a mesoscale shortwave embedded in the synoptic trough is better constrained as more phases of WindBorne are assimilated. The north part of the TPV, which evolves from the shortwave trough, is therefore forecasted to be stronger. The sensitivity of forecast performance to horizontal localization parameter of the WindBorne observations is also studied. Larger localization parameters result in larger RMSE reduction compared to smaller values.
Suspended Sediment Transport and Storage in Arctic Deltas
Authors: Hines C. , Piliouras A.
Published: December 2024

River fluxes to the Arctic Ocean impact sea ice extent, nutrient availability, and coastal ecosystems. Arctic river deltas modulate fluxes of water, sediment, and nutrients reaching the Arctic Ocean. Many large rivers have estimates or measurements of discharge and sediment concentration upstream of the delta apex, but the magnitude, timing, and spatial distribution of sediment fluxes to the Arctic coast are unknown. We developed a novel reduced‐complexity model of suspended sediment transport in Arctic deltas to address this knowledge gap. The model estimates suspended sediment delivery to the coast based on a computed channel network and sediment transport rules. We applied this model to six high‐latitude deltas during their open water seasons with different boundary conditions to account for their differences in morphology, seasonality, and hydrology. Flux distributions at the coast are found to be more uneven in larger deltas due to uneven channel spacing and larger variability in channel widths compared with smaller deltas. Given typical active season conditions, the deltas exhibit periods of deposition and erosion but are net depositional overall. Net sediment trapping during the active season ranges from 10% to 70%. Our results suggest that larger, more complex deltas with higher sediment supply and less flashy hydrographs store the most sediment and may therefore be more resilient to land loss. The sediment flux distribution can be used in future studies of coastal biogeochemistry and geomorphology and in regional models to capture the impacts of fluxes on turbidity, marine primary productivity, and Arctic warming.
Reproductive factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: results from the Asia Cohort Consortium
Authors: Merritt Melissa A. , Abe Sarah Krull , Islam Md Rashedul , Rahman Md Shafiur , Saito Eiko , Katagiri Ryoko , Shin Aesun , Choi Ji-Yeob , Le Marchand Loïc , Killeen Jeffrey L. , Gao Yu-Tang , Tamakoshi Akiko , Koh Woon-Puay , Sakata Ritsu , Sawada Norie , Tsuji Ichiro , Sugawara Yumi , Kim Jeongseon , Park Sue K. , Kweon Sun-Seog , Shu Xiao-Ou , Kimura Takashi , Yuan Jian-Min , Tsugane Shoichiro , Kanemura Seiki , Lu Yukai , Shin Min-Ho , Wen Wanqing , Ahsan Habibul , Boffetta Paolo , Chia Kee Seng , Matsuo Keitaro , Qiao You-Lin , Rothman Nathaniel , Zheng Wei , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee
Published: December 2024

Background

There are scarce data on risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Asian populations. Our goal was to advance knowledge on reproductive -related risk factors for EOC in a large population of Asian women.

Methods

This study used pooled individual data from baseline questionnaires in 11 prospective cohorts (baseline years, 1958–2015) in the Asia Cohort Consortium. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for age, parity and cohort.

Results

After a mean = 17.0 years (SD = 6.3) of follow-up, 674 incident invasive EOC cases were identified among 325,626 women. In multivariable adjusted models we observed an inverse association with parity (5+ children vs. 0, HR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.28–0.68, Ptrend < 0.001), and a positive association with increasing menopausal age (55+ years vs. <45, HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.05–3.01, Ptrend = 0.02) for risk of all EOC.

Conclusions

In this large study of Asian women we identified an inverse association with parity and a positive association with higher menopausal age in relation to EOC risk. Further work is needed to understand EOC risk factors for rare histologic subtypes that occur more frequently in Asian populations.
Pro-survival roles for p21(Cip1/Waf1) in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cutty SJ , Hughes FA , Ortega-Prieto P. , Desai S. , Thomas P. , Fets LV , Secrier M. , Barr AR
Published: December 2024

Background

Quiescence is reversible proliferative arrest. Multiple mechanisms regulate quiescence that are not fully understood. High expression of the CDK inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1 correlates with a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and, in non-transformed cells, p21 promotes quiescence after replication stress. We tested whether NSCLC cells enter p21-dependent quiescence and if this is advantageous to NSCLC cells.

Methods

Through analysis of patient data and quantitative, single-cell, timelapse imaging of genetically-engineered NSCLC reporter cell lines we investigated the role of p21 in NSCLC during normal proliferation and after chemotherapy.

Results

High p21 expression correlates with a poor prognosis in TP53 wild-type, but not TP53 mutant, NSCLC patients and TP53 wild-type NSCLC cells can enter p21-dependent quiescence, downstream of replication stress. Without p21, unrepaired DNA damage propagates into S-phase and cells display increased genomic instability. p21 expression confers survival advantages to TP53 wild-type NSCLC cells, during proliferation and after chemotherapy. p21 can promote tumour relapse by allowing recovery from both G1 and G2 arrests after chemotherapy.

Conclusions

p21-dependent quiescence exists in TP53 wild-type NSCLC cells and provides survival advantages to these cells. Targeting p21 function in TP53 wild-type tumours could lead to better outcomes for chemotherapy treatment in NSCLC patients.
Neural networks for predicting etiological diagnosis of uveitis
Authors: Jacquot Robin , Ren Lijuan , Wang Tao , Mellahk Insaf , Duclos Antoine , Kodjikian Laurent , Jamilloux Yvan , Stanescu Dinu , Sève Pascal
Published: December 2024

Background/objectives

The large number and heterogeneity of causes of uveitis make the etiological diagnosis a complex task. The clinician must consider all the information concerning the ophthalmological and extra-ophthalmological features of the patient. Diagnostic machine learning algorithms have been developed and provide a correct diagnosis in one-half to three-quarters of cases. However, they are not integrated into daily clinical practice. The aim is to determine whether machine learning models can predict the etiological diagnosis of uveitis from clinical information.

Methods

This cohort study was performed on uveitis patients with unknown etiology at first consultation. One hundred nine variables, including demographic, ophthalmic, and clinical information, associated with complementary exams were analyzed. Twenty-five causes of uveitis were included. A neural network was developed to predict the etiological diagnosis of uveitis. The performance of the model was evaluated and compared to a gold standard: etiological diagnosis established by a consensus of two uveitis experts.

Results

A total of 375 patients were included in this analysis. Findings showed that the neural network type (Multilayer perceptron) (NN-MLP) presented the best prediction of the etiological diagnosis of uveitis. The NN-MLP’s most probable diagnosis matched the senior clinician diagnosis in 292 of 375 patients (77.8%, 95% CI: 77.4–78.0). It achieved 93% accuracy (95% CI: 92.8–93.1%) when considering the two most probable diagnoses. The NN-MLP performed well in diagnosing idiopathic uveitis (sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 82%). For more than three-quarters of etiologies, our NN-MLP demonstrated good diagnostic performance (sensitivity > 70% and specificity > 80%).

Conclusion

Study results suggest that developing models for accurately predicting the etiological diagnosis of uveitis with undetermined etiology based on clinical information is feasible. Such NN-MLP could be used for the etiological assessments of uveitis with unknown etiology.
Nuclear microRNA 9 mediates G-quadruplex formation and 3D genome organization during TGF-β-induced transcription
Authors: Cordero Julio , Swaminathan Guruprasadh , Rogel-Ayala Diana G. , Rubio Karla , Elsherbiny Adel , Mahmood Samina , Szymanski Witold , Graumann Johannes , Braun Thomas , Günther Stefan , Dobreva Gergana , Barreto Guillermo
Published: December 2024

The dynamics of three-dimensional (3D) genome organization are essential to transcriptional regulation. While enhancers regulate spatiotemporal gene expression, chromatin looping is a means for enhancer-promoter interactions yielding cell-type-specific gene expression. Further, non-canonical DNA secondary structures, such as G-quadruplexes (G4s), are related to increased gene expression. However, the role of G4s in promoter-distal regulatory elements, such as super-enhancers (SE), and in chromatin looping has remained elusive. Here we show that mature microRNA 9 (miR-9) is enriched at promoters and SE of genes that are inducible by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) signaling. Moreover, we find that miR-9 is required for formation of G4s, promoter-super-enhancer looping and broad domains of the euchromatin histone mark H3K4me3 at TGFB1-responsive genes. Our study places miR-9 in the same functional context with G4s and promoter-enhancer interactions during 3D genome organization and transcriptional activation induced by TGFB1 signaling, a critical signaling pathway in cancer and fibrosis.
ThirdPeak is a flexible tool designed for the robust analysis of two- and three-dimensional tracking data
Authors: Müller Thomas , Meiser Elisabeth , Engstler Markus
Published: December 2024

Biological processes, though often imaged and visualized in two dimensions, inherently occur in at least three-dimensional space. As time-resolved volumetric imaging becomes increasingly accessible, there emerges a necessity for tools that empower non-specialists to process and interpret intricate datasets. We introduce ThirdPeak, an open-source tool tailored for the comprehensive analysis of two- and three-dimensional track data across various scales. Its versatile import and export options ensure seamless integration into established workflows, while the intuitive user interface allows for swift visualization and analysis of the data. When applied to live-cell diffusion data, this software demonstrates the benefits of integrating both 2D and 3D analysis, yielding valuable insights into the understanding of biological processes.
RNA-binding proteins hnRNPM and ELAVL1 promote type-I interferon induction downstream of the nucleic acid sensors cGAS and RIG-I
Authors: Kirchhoff Alexander , Herzner Anna-Maria , Urban Christian , Piras Antonio , Düster Robert , Mahlberg Julia , Grünewald Agathe , Schlee-Guimarães Thais M , Ciupka Katrin , Leka Petro , Bootz Robert J , Wallerath Christina , Hunkler Charlotte , de Regt Ann Kristin , Kümmerer Beate M , Christensen Maria Hønholt , Schmidt Florian I , Lee-Kirsch Min Ae , Günther Claudia , Kato Hiroki , Bartok Eva , Hartmann Gunther , Geyer Matthias , Pichlmair Andreas , Schlee Martin
Published: December 2024

The cytosolic nucleic acid sensors RIG-I and cGAS induce type-I interferon (IFN)-mediated immune responses to RNA and DNA viruses, respectively. So far no connection between the two cytosolic pathways upstream of IKK-like kinase activation has been investigated. Here, we identify heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNPM) as a positive regulator of IRF3 phosphorylation and type-I IFN induction downstream of both cGAS and RIG-I. Combining interactome analysis with genome editing, we further uncover the RNA-binding protein ELAV-like protein 1 (ELAVL1; also known as human antigen R, HuR) as an hnRNPM interactor. Depletion of hnRNPM or ELAVL1 impairs type-I IFN induction by herpes simplex virus 1 or Sendai virus. In addition, we show that hnRNPM and ELAVL1 interact with TANK-binding kinase 1, IκB kinase ε, IκB kinase β, and NF-κB p65. Our confocal microscopy experiments demonstrate cytosolic and perinuclear interactions between hnRNPM, ELAVL1, and TBK1. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of ELAVL1 strongly reduces cytokine release from type-I interferonopathy patient fibroblasts. The RNA-binding proteins hnRNPM and ELAVL1 are the first non-redundant regulators to bridge the cGAS/STING and RIG-I/MAVS pathways. Overall, our study characterizes the hnRNPM-ELAVL1 complex as a novel system promoting antiviral defense, pointing to a potential therapeutic target to reduce auto-inflammation in patients with type-I interferonopathies.
Recent Advancement of Biosensors as Electrodes
Authors: Aftab Saima , Kurbanoglu Sevinc
Published: December 2024

There have been substantial strides in biosensor technology, particularly in the domain of electrode innovation. Electrodes are crucial components in biosensors, serving as the essential link between biological systems and electronic devices. The constant refinement of electrode materials and designs has propelled biosensor capabilities to unprecedented levels, resulting in improved sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance. Notably, the integration of nanomaterials into electrode fabrication has been a breakthrough. Materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanocomposites offer distinctive qualities, including a large surface area, exceptional conductivity, and compatibility with biological systems. These attributes enhance the efficiency of electrodes in facilitating electron transfer, thereby enhancing signal transmission in biosensing applications. Furthermore, the application of electrode-based nanomaterials has enabled the development of smaller, portable biosensors suitable for point-of-care applications. The adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques, such as 3D printing and microfabrication, has revolutionized electrode design, allowing for the development of intricate structures tailored to interact optimally with biological analytes. Additionally, the incorporation of flexible and wearable electrodes has expanded biosensor capabilities for real-time monitoring in various environments. Advanced signal amplification strategies, such as nanomaterial-based amplifiers and enzymatic cascades, have significantly heightened biosensor sensitivity, enabling early detection of biomarkers crucial for timely medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This chapter delves into the fundamental concepts of biosensors, their design principles, transducers, and detailed insights into the various types of electrodes used in biosensor configurations.
Electrochemical Biosensors Available for Identifying Hazardous Chemicals Used in Agriculture
Authors: Ghanbari Kh. , Jelvehzadeh M. , Nejabati F.
Published: December 2024

Electrochemical biosensors have shown significant progress in the detection of hazardous chemicals used in agriculture. These biosensors are designed to detect toxic substances, such as pesticides and heavy metals, in water. They offer improved stability, enhanced analytical performance, and integration with microfluidic devices for environmental remote sensing. Recent research focuses on the use of nanomaterials to enhance sensor performance, with special emphasis on the detection of toxic species. These biosensors play an important role in precision agriculture by providing sustainable solutions for the effective detection of toxic agents. In addition, electrochemical bio-nanosensors have been developed for detecting mycotoxins and pesticide residues in food, providing convenient and sensitive detection methods.
Electrochemical Biosensors for Analysis of Neurochemicals
Authors: Coldibeli Bruna , Fix Gustavo , Sartori Elen Romão
Published: December 2024

Neurochemicals are a group of small organic molecules or peptides that influence the functioning of brain activity. An imbalance in neurochemicals poses a threat to human health, making their detection and determination in human biological fluids important for diagnosis and treatment. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as selective, sensitive, and reliable tools for detecting and determining neurochemicals. Furthermore, incorporating nanomaterials onto the surface of the working electrode has further improved the detection capabilities of these biosensors. Hence, this chapter summarizes the development of aptamers and enzyme biosensors for the electrochemical detection or determination of neurochemicals over the last two years.
Effect of Biosensors on Food Dyes: A Review
Authors: Rani Nutan , Yadav Sapna , Saini Kalawati , Maity Dipak
Published: December 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the impact of biosensors on detecting and analyzing food dyes. The utilization of biosensors in the food industry has gained prominence due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid response. This chapter explores various biosensing technologies, their mechanisms, and their impact on ensuring food safety and quality. The review also addresses recent advancements, challenges, and prospects in the biosensor-based analysis of food dyes.
Carbon Black: Manufacturing Processes and Fundamental Properties
Authors: Herd Charles R. , Tunnicliffe Lewis B
Published: December 2024

Carbon black is one of the most ubiquitous reinforcing fine particles in use today for tyres and rubber goods, providing significantly enhanced performance, strength and lifetime. Without carbon black, tyres would have to be replaced at a significantly higher rate, and thus carbon black has proven to be one of the first, original sustainable materials providing a significant social contribution towards sustainable mobility and the benefits this concept brings to civilization. Additionally, carbon black is used for many specialty applications in plastics, inks, and coatings where its benefits as a colourant, conductive agent and UV-resistive material are realised, again providing higher performance and longer lasting materials with significant social benefit. In this chapter, the manufacturing processes for the various commercial carbon blacks produced today are reviewed, along with the fundamental properties of carbon black that play a key role in its performance in its numerous applications. Also discussed is the future of carbon black and the latest recycled and renewable materials that may compliment carbon black in the future, obviously with an eye toward future reductions in CO2 and the concept of sustainable carbon blacks.
Versatile carrier-free binary nanodrug based on metformin/epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles: exploring its properties and potential in cancer treatment
Authors: Zou Huiyu , Bian ErKang , He Jinyun , Wu Wuming , Deng Chunyan
Published: December 2024

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an important active component extracted from green tea, has attracted much attention due to its multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects.
Discrimination of nucleoside phosphates using principal component analysis of spectral changes in a single europium complex
Authors: Hill Leila R. , New Elizabeth J. , Faulkner Stephen
Published: December 2024

Full spectral principal component analysis (PCA) was used on a single lanthanide complex to distinguish between AMP, ADP, and ATP.
High-pressure chemistry of functional materials
Authors: Guo Songhao , Zhang Yifan , Bu Kejun , Zhan Yiqiang , Lü Xujie
Published: December 2024

High-pressure chemistry is a dynamic research field with ongoing discoveries about fundamental mechanisms and the development of functional materials.
An 18-connected wheel-shaped molybdenum(v) nickel–phosphate cluster for photoelectrochemical sensing of levofloxacin
Authors: Wang Jie-Fei , Yin Chun-Xiao , Qi Jia-Xin , Ma Yuan-Yuan , Lin Zheng-Guo , Han Zhan-Gang
Published: December 2024

An 18-connected wheel-shaped {Mo16Ni16P24}-based 2-D layered framework was constructed for photoelectrochemical sensing of levofloxacin with a low detection limit of 6.46 nM and high sensitivity.
The tunable electronic band structure of a AlP3/Cs3Bi2I6Cl3 van der Waals heterostructure induced by an electric field: a first-principles study
Authors: Liao Cheng-sheng , Lang Lin , Wang Qiu-yi , Zhao Yu-qing , Yu Zhuo-liang
Published: December 2024

A two-dimensional AlP3/Cs3Bi2I6Cl3 van der Waals heterostructure with a tunable band structure was designed and studied.
Highly efficient and selective aqueous phase hydrogenolysis of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol using bimetallic Ru–SnOx/γ-Al2O3 catalysts
Authors: Rodiansono  , Azzahra Atina Sabila , Santoso Uripto Trisno , Mikrianto Edi , Suarso Eka , Sembiring Kiky Corneliasari , Adilina Indri Badria , Sunnardianto Gagus Ketut , Afandi Ahmad
Published: December 2024

The presence of Ru3Sn7 alloy phases and Ru0–SnOx species on the surface of γ-Al2O3 can synergistically activate and hydrogenolyse the furan ring, producing a high yield of 1,5-PeD (up to 94%) at 180 °C, under H2 = 30 bar and after reacting for 7 h.
Exploring the versatility of novel furan-based α,ω-diene carbonate monomers: synthesis, (co-)polymerization, and comparative study
Authors: Chícharo Beatriz , Fadlallah Sami , Trapasso Giacomo , Gherardi Thomas , Allais Florent , Aricò Fabio
Published: December 2024

A family of α,ω-diene carbonate furanic monomers was synthesized and polymerized via ADMET producing bio-based polycarbonates. Co-polymerization studies were then conducted on diene furanic monomers incorporating ester, ether, and carbonate groups.
Artificial intelligence guided search for van der Waals materials with high optical anisotropy
Authors: Bereznikova Liudmila A. , Kruglov Ivan A. , Ermolaev Georgy A. , Trofimov Ivan , Xie Congwei , Mazitov Arslan , Tselikov Gleb , Minnekhanov Anton , Tsapenko Alexey P. , Povolotsky Maxim , Ghazaryan Davit A. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Volkov Valentyn S. , Novoselov Kostya S.
Published: December 2024

By integrating artificial intelligence into the material search process, we gain new insights into the correlation between crystallographic parameters and optical anisotropy of van der Waals (vdW) materials, which was confirmed experimentally.
Application of response surface methodology towards the development of a phenylethanoid-based silver nanoparticle with multifaceted biological properties
Authors: Saha Rajdeep , Sarkar Biswatrish
Published: December 2024

The statistically optimized green synthesis of verbascoside-reduced silver nanoparticles with analytical characterizations and assessment of several in vitro biological activities pertaining to wound healing is reported.
Theoretical screening of highly efficient multifunctional single-atom catalysts supported by pc-C3N2 monolayers for the electrocatalytic HER, OER and ORR
Authors: Ma Liang-Cai , Wang Hai-Juan , Li Hao , Yuan Pan-Ge , Zhang Jian-Min
Published: December 2024

Two-dimensional pc-C3N2 monolayer anchored Rh atoms can serve as a superior HER/OER/ORR trifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and rechargeable metal–air batteries with ultralow overpotentials.
Metal–organic framework-based nanoplatforms for synergistic anti-atherosclerosis therapy by regulating the PI3K/AKT/MSR1 pathway in macrophages
Authors: Zeng Chenlin , Peng Zhiyou , Huang Sida , Xu Zhijue , Peng Zhaoxi , Wu Zhaoyu , Lei Jiahao , Zhang Xing , Qin Jinbao , Ye Kaichuang , Li Bo , Zhao Zhen , Pan Ying , Yin Minyi , Lu Xinwu
Published: December 2024

TPP was combined with ZIF-8, to construct ZIF-8@TPP, to treat atherosclerosis. This nanoplatform showed excellent anti-atherosclerotic effect in vivo mainly by inhibiting lipid phagocytosis of macrophages via downregulating the PI3K/AKT/MSR1 pathway.
Solvent-dependent fluorescence sensing of Cu2+, Hg2+, and CN− based on a thiosemicarbazone-functionalized pillar[5]arene and its applications in actual water samples and molecular logic gates
Authors: Yang Ming-Kun , Chen Yan , Zhou Suo-Luan , Hu Cheng-Nuo , Zhang Jun-Tong , Yang Yun-Han , Yang Li-Juan
Published: December 2024

A novel solvent-dependent fluorescent probe (P5T) based on a pillar[5]arene containing a thiosemicarbazone unit has been synthesized for the selective detection of Cu2+, Hg2+, and CN− ions in different mixed solvent systems.
Task-specific ionic liquids and ultrasound irradiation: a successful strategy to drive the alcoholysis of polycarbonate
Authors: D'Anna Francesca , Raia Giovanna , Di Cara Gianluca , Cancemi Patrizia , Marullo Salvatore
Published: December 2024

Depolymerization by the methanolysis of BPA-polycarbonate employing task-specific ionic liquids was performed under sonochemical conditions at 30 °C and was also tested on post-consumer samples.
Boosting charge migration kinetics using an Fe–S bridge for efficacious photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Chen Keda , Ran Lei , Ran Bei , Xiong Wei , Leung Michael K. H.
Published: December 2024

Fe–S bond acts as charge bridge and built-in electric field within the Fe2O3/defective Bi19Br3S27 S-scheme heterojunction for effective charge separation, exhibiting robust photocatalytic CO2 reduction with exceptional CO selectivity.
N-doped semiconductive polymer using methoxy-modified JLBI for optimized miscibility and Coulomb interactions towards high thermoelectric performance
Authors: Su Dingchang , Zhan Chun , Xiang Yang , Wang Wei , Li Chenglong , Zhou Qisheng , Dong Defu , Xiao Shengqiang
Published: December 2024

The conductivity of MeO-JLBI doped N2200 films is ∼10 times higher than that of N-DMBI and JLBI, due to the more efficient carrier dissociation from the weaker Coulomb interactions, which is one of the highest values of doped N2200 films to date.
Exploring the bioactivity and antibacterial properties of silver and cerium co-doped borosilicate bioactive glass
Authors: Abodunrin Oluwatosin David , El Mabrouk Khalil , Bricha Meriame
Published: December 2024

Bone defects resulting from trauma or diseases that lead to bone loss have created a growing need for innovative materials suitable for treating bone-related conditions.
The role of fluorine substituents in the formation of the ferroelectric nematic phase
Authors: Cruickshank Ewan , Walker Rebecca , Strachan Grant J. , Górecka Ewa , Pociecha Damian , Storey John M. D. , Imrie Corrie T.
Published: December 2024

We report on a series of materials which exhibit a range of nematic phases including the rare example of a single compound which shows both enantiotropic NX and NF phases.
Inhibition of RIPK1 or RIPK3 kinase activity post ischemia-reperfusion reduces the development of chronic kidney injury
Authors: Pefanis Aspasia , Bongoni Anjan K. , McRae Jennifer L. , Salvaris Evelyn J. , Fisicaro Nella , Murphy James M. , Ierino Francesco L. , Cowan Peter J.
Published: December 2024

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when the blood supply to an organ is temporarily reduced and then restored. Kidney IRI is a form of acute kidney injury (AKI), which often progresses to kidney fibrosis. Necroptosis is a regulated necrosis pathway that has been implicated in kidney IRI. Necroptotic cell death involves the recruitment of the RIPK1 and RIPK3 kinases and the activation of the terminal effector, the mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pseudokinase. Phosphorylated MLKL causes cell death by plasma membrane rupture, driving ‘necroinflammation’. Owing to their apical role in the pathway, RIPK1 and RIPK3 have been implicated in the development of kidney fibrosis. Here, we used a mouse model of unilateral kidney IRI to assess whether the inhibition of RIPK1 or RIPK3 kinase activity reduces AKI and the progression to kidney fibrosis. Mice treated with the RIPK1 inhibitor Nec-1s, either before or after IR, showed reduced kidney injury at 24 hr compared with controls, whereas no protection was offered by the RIPK3 inhibitor GSK´872. In contrast, treatment with either inhibitor from days 3 to 9 post-IR reduced the degree of kidney fibrosis at day 28. These findings further support the role of necroptosis in IRI and provide important validation for the contribution of both RIPK1 and RIPK3 catalytic activities in the progression of kidney fibrosis. Targeting the necroptosis pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate kidney disease following IR.
Differential‐sampling control algorithm and theoretical analysis for programmable‐Josephson‐voltage‐standard traceability application
Authors: Yin Xiaodong , Nie Qi , Li Xiaofei , Zhou Feng , Hu Haoliang , Zeng Feitong
Published: December 2024

The programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) provides a new way and higher accuracy for the traceability of traditional measurement standards. To improve the applicability and reduce the uncertainty of the PJVS, a PJVS‐based analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) scheme for the alternating‐current (AC) voltage measurement is proposed and the theoretical error model is derived based on discrete Fourier transform. The influence of the amplitude and phase error of the AC voltage is simulated; an adaptive differential‐sampling control algorithm is proposed to control the relative amplitude and phase between the AC voltage and PJVS voltage, improving the error of the PJVS‐based ADC. Furthermore, the authors obtained the exponential decay algorithm error curve that varies with phase error and the M‐shaped variation curve with sampling error by simulation and a PJVS‐based ADC with different sampling DVM, which provides possibilities for optimizing the measurement error of the PJVS‐based ADC.
Multi-phase HI clouds in the Small Magellanic Cloud halo
Authors: Buckland-Willis F. , Miville-Deschênes M. A. , Marchal A. , Dawson J. R. , Dénes H. , Di Teodoro E. M. , Dickey J. M. , Gibson S. J. , Kemp I. P. , Lynn C. , Ma Y. K. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Murray C. E. , Pingel N. M. , Stanimirović S. , Van Loon J. Th.
Published: December 2024

Context. The Galactic ASKAP collaboration (GASKAP) is undertaking an HI emission survey of the 21cm line to map the Magellanic system and the Galactic plane with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). One of the first areas observed in the Pilot Phase I of the survey was the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Previous surveys of the SMC have uncovered new structures in the periphery of the SMC, along relatively low column density lines of sight.

Aims. In this work we aimed to uncover the phase distribution of three distinct structures in the periphery of the SMC. This work will add to the constraints we have on the existence and survival of the cold neutral medium (CNM) in the SMC.

Methods. We used ROHSA, a Gaussian decomposition algorithm, to model the emission across each cloud and classify the HI emission into their respective phases based on the linewidths of the fitted Gaussians. We created maps of velocity and column density of each phase of the HI across these three clouds. We measured the HI mass and CNM number density for each cloud. We also compared the HI results across the different phases with other gas tracers.

Results. We find that in two clouds, the ends of each cloud are almost completely CNM dominated. Analysis of these two clouds indicates they are experiencing a compressive force from the direction of the SMC main body. In the third cloud we find a uniform CNM distribution along one wall of what is likely a supershell structure. Comparison with previous measurements of CO clumps in two of the clouds show the CO and HI are co-moving within a few km s−1 in regions of high HI column density, particularly when considering just the CNM.
Magnetic topology of quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs and associated ultraviolet brightenings
Authors: Bhatnagar Aditi , Prasad Avijeet , Rouppe van der Voort Luc , Nóbrega-Siverio Daniel , Joshi Jayant
Published: December 2024

Context. Quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs (QSEBs) are small-scale magnetic reconnection events in the lower atmosphere of the quiet Sun. Recent work has shown that a small percentage of them can occur co-spatially and co-temporally with ultraviolet (UV) brightenings in the transition region.

Aims. We aim to understand how the magnetic topologies associated with closely occurring QSEBs and UV brightenings can facilitate energy transport and connect these events.

Methods. We used high-resolution Hβ observations from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) and detected QSEBs using k-means clustering. We obtained the magnetic field topology from potential field extrapolations using spectro-polarimetric data in the photospheric Fe I 6173 Å line. To detect UV brightenings, we used coordinated and co-aligned data from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and imposed a threshold of 5σ above the median background on the (IRIS) 1400 Å slit-jaw image channel.

Results. We identify four distinct magnetic configurations that associate QSEBs with UV brightenings, including a simple dipole configuration and more complex fan-spine topologies with a 3D magnetic null point. In the fan-spine topology, the UV brightenings occur near the 3D null point, while QSEBs can be found close to the footpoints of the outer spine, the inner spine, and the fan surface. The height of the 3D null varies between 0.2 Mm and 2.6 Mm, depending on the magnetic field strength in the region. Some QSEBs and UV brightenings, though occurring close to each other, are not topologically connected with the same reconnection process. The energy released during QSEBs falls in the range 1023–1024 ergs.

Conclusions. This study shows that magnetic connectivity and topological features, such as 3D null points, are crucial in linking QSEBs in the lower atmosphere with UV brightenings in the transition region.
Limiting the Gamble: Risk and Predictability for Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients Receiving Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Gore Kelsey , Linder Dean , Jose Martinez Duque Juan , Wang Junxi , Wester Brett , Otero Tiffany , Yockelson Shaun , Alexis Ruiz Adrian , Nossaman Bobby
Published: December 2024

Background: Patients receiving mechanical circulatory support (MCS) frequently require renal replacement therapy (RRT). Examining risk factors for requiring RRT in patients receiving MCS may allow improved understanding of these comorbidities and enhance patient outcomes. 
Methods:  Following IRB approval, patient characteristics, comorbidities, and the need for RRT were studied in 129 patients who received MCS from January 2017 to October 2023. The clinical variables underwent machine learning to examine their relationships to the outcome of interest, the need for RRT.
Results: In this study the incidence of RRT was 36% with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 29-44%. Following machine learning, patients with a history of immunologic therapy or having a pacemaker or internal cardiac defibrillator (ICDs) were associated with the need for RRT (Chi-square=44, P=0.0003). The c-index statistic for this model was 0.81. The anticoagulation therapy administered in these two groups was also analyzed. Patients in these two groups receiving unfractionated heparin were observed to have a higher incidence (44%) in the need for RRT.
Conclusion: The incidence of RRT was high in this patient population. The novel associations in patients requiring MCS who have received prior immunologic therapy or have pre-existing pacemaker/ICDs suggest that an increased systemic inflammatory state exists that escalates the need for RRT. Unfractionated heparin appears to provide minimal protection from the need for RRT in patients requiring MCS. These findings suggest that other options for systemic anticoagulation in patients requiring MCS should be considered. Further investigation into how these background inflammatory conditions contribute to the need for RRT in patients requiring MCS is warranted.
Expositions environnementales et modifications de l’épigénome dans la période des 1000 premiers jours de vie
Authors: Lepeule Johanna , Broséus Lucile , Jedynak Paulina , Masdoumier Chloé , Philippat Claire , Guilbert Ariane , Nakamura Aurélie
Published: December 2024

Les expositions environnementales précoces peuvent influencer le développement et la santé de l’enfant à long terme. Des modifications épigénétiques pourraient partiellement expliquer ces effets, et leur identification conduire à des progrès significatifs dans la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués. Dans cette revue, nous présentons les données récentes en épidémiologie épigénétique et environnementale pendant la période des 1 000 premiers jours de vie concernant plusieurs expositions très courantes, dont le tabac, les phénols et les phtalates, les polluants de l’air, la température ambiante et la végétation.
Ein Vergleich von Direktaufnahmen mit Verlegungen von psychiatrischen
Stationen im Rahmen von Stationsäquivalenter Behandlung (StäB)
Authors: Brieger Peter , Klocke Luisa , Bechdolf Andreas , von Peter Sebastian , Längle Gerhard , Holzke Martin , Nikolaidis Konstantinos , Kilian Reinhold , Timm Jürgen , Weinmann Stefan , Waldmann Tamara , zur Verth Johanna , Raschmann Svenja , Schwarz Julian , Rout Sandeep , Hirschmeier Constance , Herwig Uwe , Richter Janina , Baumgardt Johanna , Hamann Johannes
Published: December 2024

Ziel Verschiedene Zugangswege zu stationsäquivalenter Behandlung sowie
Unterschiede zwischen direkt in StäB aufgenommenen und verlegten Patient:innen,
im Hinblick auf Baselineunterschiede und Behandlungsergebnisse, wurden
untersucht.

Methodik Baselineunterschiede wurden mithilfe explorativer
Gruppenvergleiche untersucht, Behandlungseffekte nach Zugangsarten mithilfe
einer Regressionsanalyse.

Ergebnisse Von 200 StäB Nutzenden wurden 144 (72%) direkt in StäB
aufgenommen, während 56 (28%) Personen nach einer stationären Behandlung
zuverlegt wurden. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Standorten wurden
bezüglich des Anteils direkter StäB Aufnahmen identifiziert (p=0,04).
Direktaufnahmen wiesen eine höhere Prävalenz von affektiven Störungen auf (51%),
während Verlegungen relativ häufiger mit Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen
Formenkreis (34%) assoziiert waren. Bezüglich der Behandlungseffekte zeigten
sich keine relevanten Unterschiede.

Schlussfolgerung Der Zugang zur StäB-Behandlung wird für verschiedene
Patient:innengruppen flexibel genutzt, Behandlungsergebnisse unterscheiden sich
nicht wesentlich. Aufsuchende Angebote sollten noch flexibler gestaltet werden,
als das starre Gerüst von StäB derzeit erlaubt.
A New Concept in Peripheral Nerve Repair: Incorporating the Tunica Adventitia
Authors: Zuhour Moath , İnce Bilsev , Oltulu Pembe , Gök Orhan , Tekecik Zülal
Published: December 2024

Background Pedicled, prefabricated, and free nerve flaps have several drawbacks, such as requiring microsurgical anastomosis, the need for secondary operations and the risk of developing thrombosis. In this study, we aimed to vascularize the repaired nerve in a single session by establishing a connection between the epineurium of the repaired median nerve and the tunica adventitia of the brachial artery.

Methods The technique was performed on the median nerves of a total of 42 rats over 13 weeks. While group 1 didn't receive any intervention, the following three groups (2, 3, and 4) received classic treatments (coaptation, graft, and vein conduit). In addition to classic treatments, the other three groups (5, 6, and 7) were vascularized by attaching the adventitia of the brachial artery to the repaired nerves. Nerve regeneration was evaluated using functional tests, immunohistochemical analysis, and electron microscope.

Results The vascularized groups (5, 6, and 7) showed earlier functional recovery (p < 0.05). Vascularization reduced inflammation in the coaptation group, reduced fibrosis and degeneration in the nerve graft group, and reduced fibrosis, degeneration and disorganization while increased the number of passing fibers and myelination in the vein conduit group (p < 0.05). Vascularization provided superior ultrastructural findings. Microscopic analysis revealed a novel finding of “zone of neurovascular interaction” between the adventitia and the regenerating nerve.

Conclusion Vascularizing the repaired nerves with this new technique provided faster functional and better histological healing. Unlike classic vascularization techniques, this method does not require microsurgical anastomosis, does not carry the risk of thrombosis, and does not necessitate secondary operations. The “zone of neurovascular interaction” identified in this study revealed regenerating axon clusters alongside newly developed blood vessels. This important finding highlights a potential role of the tunica adventitia in nerve regeneration.
Pneumonia Vaccines: Indications for Use and Current Safety Data in Pregnancy
Authors: Dutra Karley , Berry Hayley , Lazenby Gweneth B.
Published: December 2024

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and invasive pneumococcal disease among adults in the United States, with higher rates of disease occurring among individuals with chronic medical and immunocompromising conditions. Pregnant individuals, especially those with comorbid conditions, are also at increased risk of infection due to S. pneumoniae due to physiological and immunologic changes in pregnancy. Vaccination against pneumococcus is recommended for adults living with HIV aged 19 to 49, congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, asplenia, chronic renal failure, sickle cell disease, alcohol abuse, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathies, chronic lung disease, chronic liver disease, and diabetes mellitus. During pregnancy, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends vaccination against S. pneumoniae for individuals meeting the criteria for immunization outside of pregnancy. Pneumococcal vaccine uptake has been low. There are no data available for vaccine uptake in pregnancy, but we suspect it is lower than nonpregnant populations. Low uptake of immunization rates in pregnancy is likely multifactorial and includes general vaccine hesitancy among pregnant individuals, cost, access to care, and supply shortages. While data in support of pneumococcal vaccines during pregnancy are limited, sufficient evidence exists to support the safety and efficacy of vaccination in the antepartum period. Pregnancy provides an opportunity to continuously engage individuals in care, allowing obstetricians and gynecologists to establish rapport, work to reduce vaccine hesitancy, and to provide pneumococcal immunization to those who are eligible. Medical indications for pneumococcal vaccination will increasingly apply to pregnant persons as the population acquires comorbidities and there is a need for improved education among obstetricians on the topic of antenatal pneumococcal vaccination.

Key Points
Inheritance of Primary Headache in Children and Adolescents—A Scoping Review
Authors: Winther Camille C. H. , Berring-Uldum Amalie A. , Debes Nanette Mol
Published: December 2024

The objective is to give an update on the current state of research on the genetics of primary headache in children and adolescents. Investigations of the genetics of migraine in adults have changed our understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine, but knowledge from our adult patients cannot be directly applied to pediatric patients. The study was conducted through searches of PubMed and Web of Science. Our search yielded 10 studies. Some of the included studies elucidated correlations between certain characteristics of the headaches in parents and an elevated risk of headache in their children. The follow-up studies found that about one-third of the participants were headache-free at the time of follow-up and about one in four had shifted to a different headache diagnosis. All studies included in this paper found a familial aggregation or heritability of primary headache in children and adolescents.