bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamical state of RXCJ1230.7+3439: A multi-substructured merging galaxy cluster
Authors: Barrena R. , Böhringer H. , Chon G.
Published: May 2022

We analyse the kinematical and dynamical state of the galaxy cluster RXCJ1230.7+3439 (RXCJ1230), at z = 0.332 using 93 new spectroscopic redshifts of galaxies acquired at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and from SDSS DR16 public data. We study the density galaxy distribution retrieved from photometric SDSS multiband data and find that RXCJ1230 appears as a clearly isolated peak in the redshift space, with a global line-of-sight (LOS) velocity dispersion of σv = 1004−122+147 km s−1. Several tests applied to the spatial and velocity distributions reveal that RXCJ1230 is a complex system with the presence of three subclusters, located to the southwest, east, and south with respect to the main body of the cluster, containing several bright galaxies (BGs) in their respective cores. Our analyses confirm that the three substructures are in a pre-merger phase, where the main interaction takes place with the southwest subclump, almost in the plane of the sky. We compute a velocity dispersion of σv ∼ 1000 and σv ∼ 800 km s−1 for the main cluster and the southwest substructure, respectively. The central main body and southwest substructure differ by ∼870 km s−1 in the LOS velocity. From these data, we estimate a dynamical mass of M200 = 9.0 ± 1.5 × 1014 M⊙ and 4.4 ± 3.3 × 1014 M⊙ for the RXCJ1230 main body and southwest clump, respectively, which reveals that the cluster will undergo a merger characterised by a 2:1 mass ratio impact. We solve a two-body problem for this interaction and find that the most likely solution suggests that the merging axis lies ∼17° from the plane of the sky and the subcluster will fully interact in ∼0.3 Gyr. However, a slight excess in the X-ray temperature observed in the southwest clump confirms a certain degree of interaction already. The comparison between the dynamical masses and those derived from X-ray data reveals good agreement within errors (differences ∼15%), which suggests that the innermost regions (< r500) of the galaxy clumps are almost in hydrostatical equilibrium. In summary, RXCJ1230 is a young but also massive cluster in a pre-merging phase accreting other galaxy systems from its environment.
A series of SNR-based speech intelligibility models in the Auditory Modeling Toolbox
Authors: Lavandier Mathieu , Vicente Thibault , Prud’homme Luna
Published: May 2022

This technical paper presents a series of speech intelligibility models that have been developed since the original version proposed by Lavandier and Culling [(2010). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, 387–399]. This binaural model accounts for better-ear listening and binaural unmasking to predict the intelligibility of a near-field target speech among multiple stationary noise sources in rooms for normal-hearing listeners. Subsequent model versions allowed to consider a reverberated speech target in the far-field, envelope-modulated noise sources, and hearing-impaired listeners. As an intermediate step before considering speech maskers, a monaural version incorporating a harmonic-cancellation mechanism was recently developed to account for the effect of a stationary harmonic masker. This technical review is oriented towards model users and explains when and how each model should be used, points at its advantages and limitations, and provides an example of predictions using a data set from the literature. All these models along with the data, signals and code used to prepare the presented figures are made available within the Auditory Modeling Toolbox (AMT 1.1).
Method for Strategic Design in the Food Packaging System: Packaged Product Life Cycle Tool
Authors: Huerta Oscar , Melo Carolina , Rubio Maximiliano , Tiska Amelia
Published: May 2022

A research study was conducted in order to understand how food packaging systems are configured in Chile, and what should a method for strategic design within food packaging systems address. Relevant literature about these topics was consulted and analyzed. A series of interviews were conducted with experts on food packaging design. On-site observations were conducted in several food and packaging plants and operations. Data were analyzed using qualitative techniques. The results show the complexity of food packaging systems, the life cycle stages that make up these, and the kind of information that must flow within design teams in order to work on developing such systems. Based on the results, a method and toolkit were developed to help decision making, planning and design in packaging design projects. This article elaborates about the tool named Packaged Product Life Cycle that is part of the method and toolkit.
Stochastic approach based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation used for Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) uncertainty analysis in Rare Earth Elements (REEs) recovery
Authors: Sala Dariusz , Bieda Bogusław
Published: May 2022

According to the European Commission’s Report on Critical Raw Materials and the Circular Economy, the raw materials, such as rare earths, have a high economic importance for the EU, and are essential for the production of a broad range of goods and applications used in everyday life, as well as they are crucial for a strong European industrial base. Uncertainty plays an important role in the real world used Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The validity of LCA depends strongly on the significance of the input data. Data uncertainty is often mentioned as a crucial limitation for a clear interpretation of LCA results. The stochastic modelling used for Monte Carlo (MC) analysis simulation was reported in order to assess uncertainty in life cycle inventory (LCI) of rare earth elements (REEs) recovery. The purpose of this study was REEs recovery from secondary sources analysed in the ENVIREE ERA-NET ERA-MIN-funded research project. The software Crystal Ball® (CB) program, associated with Microsoft® Excel, was used for the uncertainties analysis. Uncertainty of data can be expressed through a definition of probability distribution of those data. The output report provided by CB, after 10000 runs is reflected in the frequency charts and summary statistics. The analysed parameters were assigned with lognormal distribution. The uncertainty analysis offers a well-defined procedure for LCI studies, and provides the basis for defining the data needs for full LCA of the REEs beneficiation process. Results can improve current procedures in the REEs beneficiation process management and bring closer to industrial application through the involvement of end users.
Developing a Framework for Life Cycle Assessment of Green Transportation Infrastructure (Railway and Super pavements)
Authors: Shokri Manouchehr , Mankaa Rose , Traverso Marzia
Published: May 2022

As well known, the transportation industry and its related infrastructure including railway and roads, require very high construction costs. In addition, the excessive use of natural resources and energy for related construction and maintenance has highlighted the need for adapting purposeful planning with regards to sustainability related impacts. In transportation infrastructure, the focus should be to minimize energy consumption, related Greenhouse Gas emissions and other environmental impacts over their entire life cycle. In this study, a new design of substructure with a layer of recycled Polypropylene (PP) is presented and compared with scenarios using virgin PP and conventional ballast. A model was developed that can adequately evaluate the resource use and environmental effects of various use scenarios of Geosynthetic (recycled Polypropylene) materials in rail construction layers in comparison to primary raw material. The model takes into consideration technical properties investigated through finite element simulations to decouple increase technical performance from environmental impacts. The outcome of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) indicates that the recycled PP scenario causes the lowest environmental impact for a service life of 100 years. On the other hand, the Finite Element (FE) results showed that using reinforced geosynthetics between ballasted layer has better mechanical performance than the conventional ballast track railway.
Can battery swapping stations make micro-mobility more environmentally sustainable?
Authors: Finke Sebastian , Schelte Nora , Severengiz Semih , Fortkort Martin , Kähler Ferdinand
Published: May 2022

The rapid spread of shared micromobility services e.g. e-scooters raises questions about their ecological impacts. Previous Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) show that the ecological impacts of shared mobility services vary significantly depending on the sharing mode, the charging concept and the corresponding operating mode. Even though e-scooters could mitigate environmental issues of urban transportation due to their low energy consumption, studies show that service trips for charging and relocation and non-swappable batteries have overall negative environmental impacts. To identify key factors for an environmentally friendly e-scooter sharing infrastructure and operating mode, we conducted a comparative LCA in this study. We developed a method considering a holistic product service system (PSS) of e-scooter sharing including the whole life cycle to cover all environmentally relevant aspects of the sharing operation. In different scenarios, we compared electric stand-up scooters and electric moped scooters for different operational modes. These include free-float, station-based and hybrid sharing. Furthermore, charging methods and the underlying infrastructure with battery swapping stations are varied. The results show that greenhouse gas emissions are the lowest for two scenarios: A free-float sharing mode where batteries are swapped using an e-cargo bike and a hybrid sharing mode using self-service battery swapping stations (BSS).
LCA of CCS and CCU compared with no capture: How should multi-functional systems be analysed?
Authors: Lerche Raadal Hanne , Saur Modahl Ingunn
Published: May 2022

CCS (carbon capture and storage) is a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by capturing and subsequently storing the CO2, while CCU (carbon capture and utilisation) is a way of recycling the carbon in the captured CO2 by converting it into new products. CCS aims at improving the results for one environmental indicator while CCU represents a multi-functional system. It is therefore crucial, when comparing CCU with CCS or no capture, that more than one indicator is used. Also vital is the need to establish relevant system boundaries and to define a joint functional unit, so as to create a robust decision basis for the selection of the environmentally preferable option.
Life cycle assessment of Austrian and Slovenian raw wood production
Authors: Schau Erwin M. , Asada Raphael , Slavec Ana , Cardellini Giuseppe
Published: May 2022

Forestry will play an increasingly important role as a raw material contributor since climate change mitigation requires a shift from fossil-based materials to renewable, bio-based materials. Consequently, an increase in wood demand is expected. Slovenia has a forest coverage of 59% while almost half of Austria is covered by forest (43 %). In these countries, the forest-based sector has an important role. We look at the environmental impact of forestry in Slovenia and Austria under an increase in wood demand. This contribution has a twofold purpose: 1) to describe the environmental impact of Slovenian and Austrian forestry and forest products with a focus on sawlogs, and 2) to provide life cycle inventory data for Slovenian and Austrian forestry and importing countries for other LCA needs, for example, LCAs in the construction or biorefinery sectors and for benchmarking purposes. This contribution explores the use of the European Life Cycle Inventory of Forestry Operations (EFO-LCI) database [1]. The life cycle impact assessment applies the 16 impact categories as recommended by the European Commissions for LCA/Environmental Footprint in Europe [2] and provides additional indicators important for bio-based materials.
Assessment of airborne emissions during the use of a Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots incorporating ink and a proposal to calculate their human health and freshwater effect factors
Authors: Blázquez María , Corral Beatriz , Buist Harrie , Ligthart Tom , Henzing Bas , Rosenbaum Ralph , Cajaraville Miren P.
Published: May 2022

Quantum dots (QDs) confer a wide range of optical properties to pigments/inks. With new products and applications entering the market, the airborne emissions of QDs-incorporating inks during usage stage at consumer scale (e.g. household printing) and their corresponding impacts towards human health and the environment need to be investigated. In the present work Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) QDs have been selected as a case study. The targets of this study comprise: (i) the characterization under controlled conditions of the emissions during inkjet printing of a prototype of a CdTe QDs nanoadditivated ink and (ii) the assessment of the feasibility to derive human health and freshwater effect factors (EF) for potentially released CdTe QDs with the USEtox® consensus model. Mean particle size after 60 minutes inkjet printing corresponded to 59.52 nm. For human health EF calculation an extrapolation to the human EF of other nanomaterials has been proposed considering CdTe QDs’ specific surface area whereas for the calculation of the freshwater EF, few of the data available have revealed suitable. A generic constraint to calculate both EFs for CdTe QDs released throughout the life cycle of a product incorporating them is related to the absence of information corresponding to their specific (eco)toxicological impacts.
Six areas of methodological debate on attributional life cycle assessment
Authors: Finnveden Göran , Arvidsson Rickard , Björklund Anna , Guinée Jeroen , Heijungs Reinout , Martin Michael
Published: May 2022

There is a general agreement in the LCA community that there are two types of LCAs: attributional and consequential. There have been numerous discussions about the pros and cons of the two approaches and on differences in methodology, in particular about methods that can be used in consequential LCA. There are, however, methodological aspects of attributional LCA and how it can be used that need further attention. This article discusses six areas of debate and potential misunderstandings concerning attributional LCA. These are: 1) LCA results of all the products in the world should add up to the total environmental impact of the world, sometimes referred to as the 100 % rule. 2) Attributional LCA is less relevant than consequential LCA. 3) System expansion, and/or substitution, cannot be used in attributional LCA. 4) Attributional LCA leads to more truncation errors than consequential LCA does. 5) There is a clear connection between the goal and questions of an LCA and the choice of attributional or consequential LCA. 6) There is a clear boundary between attributional and consequential LCA. In the article, these statements are discussed, and it is argued that they are either misunderstandings or sometimes incorrect.
Cost-benefit analysis of the means of access used in maintenance actions
Authors: Ferreira Cláudia , Dias Ilídio S. , Silva Ana , de Brito Jorge , Flores-Colen Inês
Published: May 2022

The efficiency of the inspection and maintenance of the buildings’ envelope is strongly linked to the means of access available to carry out these interventions. The adoption of adequate means of access facilitates the maintenance works, considering the constraints of each building. The means of access, besides having a fundamental role on the quality of the maintenance interventions on facades, represent a very significant part of the cost of repair of these elements. Therefore, the assessment of the cost variation between the different means of access available is fundamental to optimize costs and resources. In façades, there is a variety of solutions in terms of means of access. The selection of the most appropriate solution must be made according to the characteristics (e.g. architecture, height) and constraints (e.g. users, surrounding space) of each building, the needs for maintaining the façade, and the time and funds available for the intervention. In this study, a comparative analysis of the cost of the means of access in the maintenance plans developed for the different types of façade cladding (ceramic tiling systems, natural stone claddings, rendered façades, painted surfaces, ETICS, and architectural concrete façades) is carried out. The results show that the means of access costs influence the cumulative average maintenance costs and, in the longterm, there are advantages in planning permanent means of access at the design phase of the building.
Correlation between modular construction and sustainability in the building life cycle
Authors: Schnell Peter
Published: May 2022

Modular and prefabricated construction is increasingly regarded as a cost-effective and time-saving alternative to traditional construction methods; and is more than just a trend of the last few years. It is often described with the characteristics “fast and cheap” which gives the appearance of standing in great contrast with sustainability. However, modular construction and sustainability are more strongly correlated than one might think. The notion of sustainability in the life cycle of modular construction will be elucidated in this article. First, it is necessary to recognise the fundamental changes and possibilities that arise through modular construction in every phase of the building life cycle. Key differences are both the increased emphasis on early project stages with the need for obligatory statements and changing parameters for maintenance, repair, and renovation work. Likewise, there are differences between the possible types of modularisation, e. g. between MEP racks and ceiling panels. The more extensive and detailed the structure and degree of prefabrication of a module, the higher the potential of sustainable aspects. To evaluate the individual types of modularisation, categories, and subject areas from the certification systems BREEAM, LEED and DGNB were used. The result is presented in a matrix that shows the potential of each modularisation type for the defined subject area of sustainability. Based on this, the matrix has been refined for each party involved in the building life cycle. The result illustrates the existing potential between modular construction and the various aspects of sustainability and provides an overview on how much influence can be exerted by every individual stakeholder in the life cycle phases of a building.
The use of green roofs to improve wooden buildings for a future bioeconomy
Authors: Brunklaus Birgit , Schade Jutta , Mukkavaara Jani
Published: May 2022

Bioeconomy helps to move towards a renewable, fossil-free future. The environmental impact is significantly reduced when replacing fossil-based products with bio-based alternatives. In a bioeconomy, all products are made from renewable and biogenic resources. In the building sector examples for biogenic sources are traditionally wooden building structures, while green roofs are becoming more popular. The goal of the present project was to assess the amount of biogenic carbon stored in green roofs and wooden buildings overall. The question is whether green roofs are improving the biogenic carbon usage of buildings and find out how that can be improved. The methods used are based on construction modelling, life cycle assessment and standardised environmental product declaration (EPD). The results indicate that wooden building structures are not enough for a complete biogenic building to move to a renewable, fossil-free future. Furthermore, the green roofs do add more biogenic carbon to the building than conventional roofs, while seen over the whole building these benefits are negligible. The results are presented as renewable and nonrenewable energy as well as biogenic carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. These are compared with conventional roofing based on non-renewable standard roofs in Sweden.
Sustainable transition of the primary steel production: Carbon footprint studies of hot-rolled coil according to ISO 14067
Authors: Suer Julian , Traverso Marzia , Ahrenhold Frank
Published: May 2022

A shift away from traditional carbon-based towards a hydrogen-based steel production has to be stepwise so that technological challenges can be solved simultaneously to various other challenges like the evolution of green markets, political framework as well as the creation of hydrogen supply.

First bridge technologies towards hydrogen-based steelmaking are crucial to generate a stable demand for hydrogen so that hydrogen supply can follow. Injection of hydrogen into existing blast furnaces is a prominent example to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions without the ambition to reach complete carbon neutrality.

A subsequent next step on the way towards climate neutrality are modern Direct reduction units. This technology is able to reduce Iron oxides by natural gas and hydrogen, respectively. Within the existing plants Direct reduction units can be incorporated in various ways over time, thus offering a gradual and in the end complete transition to hydrogen and electricity based production.

Since LCA studies provide crucial input for political and market-economy decision-making, the LCA community is of great importance for giving direction of transformation processes. Like other industries, the steel industry needs an allocation approach for greenhouse gas emission savings to evolve green markets, of which the methodology shall be discussed within the life cycle community.

The current study presents carbon footprint assessments (ISO 14067) of hot-rolled coil for different future production scenarios. The following production routes are investigated:

- Conventional blast furnace – basic oxygen furnace route

- Injection of H2 into a blast furnace

- Input of H2-based direct reduced iron (DRI) into a blast furnace

- H2-based direct reduction combined with electrically melting from renewable energy.
Circularity of consumer electronics within Life Cycle Gap Analysis
Authors: Dieterle Michael , Lätsch Corinna , Brantsch Peter , Nioac de Salles Ana Claudia
Published: May 2022

Life Cycle Gap Analysis (LCGA) interprets the LCA results of a product from a different perspective, focusing on circular economy thinking in order to identify potential for further improvement of the product life cycle’s environmental impacts. This study analyses and compares the LCA results of a smartphone and a notebook as two representative products for consumer electronics. Based on identified life cycle gaps of higher than 80 %, the study highlights the need to focus not only on the potential for improvement in manufacturing and use of consumer electronics, but also to shed light on end-of-life management and the effective closure of consumer electronics’ material and energy flows to foster circular economy and sustainability.
A procurement tool for streamlined Input-Output sustainability Assessment
Authors: Quell Antonia , Scholz Richard
Published: May 2022

Data collection for supply chain sustainability analysis is a difficult and time-intensive task. We have therefore developed an application-oriented tool for streamlining sustainability analysis in the supply chain. We take monetary purchase data as starting point and feed them into an environmentally extended multi-regional input-output model, based on WIOD, EORA and Exiobase, complemented by numerous other satellite accounts based on official statistics, e.g., by ILOSTAT, Eurostat or the OECD. The tool is able to differentiate by upstream tier and to allocate impacts to the countries and sectors where they arise. Thereby, we take 188 countries and 56 sectors into account. The tool can display different scenarios (e.g., years or suppliers) and present results in charts and maps, allowing to quickly identify hotspots in the supply chain. Out of the 152 indicators, 62 measure impact in monetized values and 90 measure output in physical values. We consider economic (e.g., contribution to the gross domestic product or job creation), environmental (e.g., greenhouse gas emission, waste, water consumption and pollution), and social (e.g., child labour or living wages) aspects. This results in both, footprints with negative effects and handprints with positive effects (e.g., employee training or job creation).
A Knowledge-based Product Design Assistance for the Advanced Circular Economy
Authors: Wallat Phillip , Lawrenz Sebastian , Lohrengel Armin
Published: May 2022

Information is crucial to establishing a circular economy. For example, the design engineer must access information regarding recycling processes. Other stakeholders need information on the former use and design to treat the product according to the intended purpose within a circular economy. This article will describe the impact on design decisions and their effects on the circular economy. It will further describe how to extract and provide data and information from the design process and use phase of the product, finally transfer this into knowledge provided for other stakeholders. The approach is illustrated using a product example and information flow within the system and how to generate valuable knowledge out of the whole product lifetime phase.
Detecting environmental hotspots in extensive portfolios through LCA and data science: a use-case perspective
Authors: Prenzel Tobias Manuel , Shevelov Alexander , Wehner Daniel
Published: May 2022

Today, businesses need to reduce environmental impacts significantly along the entire value chain. Yet, full organisational product stewardship seems tough for extensive portfolios of several thousands of individual products varying in material and functionality, as well as production processes and locations. In addition, identifying relevant levers for improvement is more challenging with an increasing amount of influencing parameters. Moreover, while a quantification of environmental sustainability performance is required to derive sound management decisions, life cycle assessment (LCA) approaches particularly for large portfolios traditionally fail to provide effective, time efficient means of assessing more than a couple of scenarios per study. In this context, Fraunhofer IBP determined the CO2-footprint of around 24,000 individual screws in the portfolio of Würth, market leader for assembly and fastening materials, to demonstrate a data science framework for efficient scale-up of environmental sustainability assessments. Hereby, the identification of key hotspots in the portfolio along the value chain was focussed, as well as transparently displaying results and levers for improvement. This contribution builds upon proven methods and tools from LCA and data science and a modularly built approach to achieve a high degree of workflow automation. It offers practical insights into CO2-footprinting and further environmental sustainability analyses for portfolios with large amounts of individual products.
The Sustainability Data Science Life Cycle for automating multi-purpose LCA workflows for the analysis of large product portfolios
Authors: Wehner Daniel , Prenzel Tobias , Betten Thomas , Briem Ann-Kathrin , Hong Sun Hea , Ilg Robert
Published: May 2022

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a powerful and sophisticated tool to gain deep understanding of the environmental hotspots and optimization potentials of products. Yet, its cost-intensive manual data engineering and analysis workflows restrain its wider application in eco-design, green procurement, supply chain management, sustainable investment or other relevant business processes. Especially for large product portfolios and increasing reporting requirements, traditional LCA workflows and tools often fail to provide the necessary scalability. The Sustainability Data Science Life Cycle (S-DSLC) is a concept for workflow automation for multi-purpose LCA of large product portfolios. The concept integrates the frameworks of LCA, the cross-industry standard process for data mining (CRISP-DM), and the Data Science Life Cycle (DSLC). Key aspects of the concept are deep business-, stakeholder and user-understanding, deployment of LCA results in interactive browser tools (i.e. LCA-dashboards and Guided Analytics) tailored to the needs of individual roles and business processes, as well as the automation of data preparation, model generation and Life Cycle Impact Assessment based on modern data analytic tools. The demonstration of the concept shows substantial scalability improvements for dealing with large product portfolios and broad application of LCA results in various business processes.
Le socio-pathosystème : une notion pour comprendre et construire l’action de gestion de la santé animale
Authors: Charrier François , Barbier Marc
Published: May 2022

Les crises sanitaires conduisent progressivement à construire une vision intégrée de la gestion de la santé animale. Les mouvements politiques et scientifiques, marqués par des mots d’ordre épistémiques commeOne HealthouEcoHealth, achèvent un travail entrepris de longue date, par de nombreuses communautés de recherche de toutes disciplines, pour intégrer la diversité des contextes du risque épidémiologique et en affiner sa compréhension et pour construire des actions visant la réduction de l’exposition des populations. Alors qu’elle recèle des clés d’interprétation des situations sanitaires, et des cadres pour construire des dispositifs de gestion, la recherche en gestion est curieusement absente de ce domaine. En posant la focale sur la gestion publique de la santé animale, nous montrons dans cet article que les situations sanitaires sont faites de nexus de problématiques qui dépassent le périmètre d’une compréhension de la relation entre le pathogène, l’homme et son milieu. À partir d’une construction dialectique entre situations et dispositifs de gestion, nous proposons alors la notion de « socio-pathosystème » pour rendre compte de l’émergence de ces problématiques et de l’activité organisatrice pour les prendre en charge.
Désinvestir le paradigme des investissements verts
Authors: Magalhães Nelo
Published: May 2022

Dans ce travail, nous montrons que, par-delà leurs divergences (sur les montants et les outils à mettre en œuvre), un très large consensus existe chez les économistes pour présenter les investissements verts comme une condition nécessaire et première pour résoudre la crise écologique. Nous expliquons d’abord ce qui rend ce « paradigme des investissements verts » (PIV) si puissant. Nous mettons ensuite en évidence différents écueils : la vision réductionniste, normative, anhistorique et dépolitisante qui l’accompagne, laquelle est la conséquence d’un cadrage de type problem-solving qui est indifférent aux enseignements de l’histoire et des sciences sociales. Nous évoquons, enfin, ce qui est hors-cadre du PIV et concluons sur quelques débats à investir pour penser les crises écologiques.
Quantum entanglement in the lab
Authors: Vest Benjamin , Jacubowiez Lionel
Published: May 2022

The recent and rapid progress in the field of quantum technologies stimulates developments of specific courses and experimental training for future engineers and scientists. We describe below the experimental setup developed at Institut d’Optique Graduate School for engineering and Master students. During a labwork session afternoon, students can study a source of polarization entangled state pairs of photons and perform an experimental violation of Bell’s inequalities. This emblematic experiment is one of the experiments dedicated to quantum photonics. It was built in 2005 in the LEnsE (the Laboratoire d’Enseignement Experimental) of the Institut d’Optique Graduate School and has been perfectly working for almost eighteen years already.
The Mixed Polar Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski Inequalities
Authors: LI Juan , TANG Linzeng , WANG Wei
Published: May 2022

Some Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities for (dual) quermassintegrals of polar bodies and star dual bodies have been introduced. In this paper, we generalize the results and establish some Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities for mixed (dual) quermassintegrals of polar bodies and star dual bodies.
Security Steiner’s Inequality on Layering Functions
Authors: WEI Xinnan , LIN Youjiang
Published: May 2022

The classical definition of Steiner symmetrizations of functions are defined according to the Steiner symmetrizations of function level sets and the layered representation of functions. In this paper, the definition is not only transformed into Steiner symmetrizations of one-dimensional parabolic functions, but also depends on the Steiner symmetrizations of the level sets of log-concave functions. To this end we prove Steiner’s inequality on layering functions in the space of log-concave functions.
Optimal Power Flow Calculation of Active Distribution Network Based on Improved Comprehensive Technology
Authors: CAO Hongji , LIU Daobing , LI Shichun , JIN Zitong , YUAN Ye , XU Songlin
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive unified power flow controller ( UPFC ) technology can calculate voltage control parameters of UPFC, but it increases the nonlinearity of Newton power flow calculation. When the comprehensive technology is combined with the intelligent algorithm, the control parameters can only be optimized through the active and reactive power of UPFC on the branch, which makes the optimization convergence worse. Therefore, an optimal power flow calculation method for active distribution network based on improved comprehensive technology is proposed. First, based on the analysis of the influence of UPFC on branch power flow, an improved UPFC model is proposed. The accuracy of UPFC control parameters is enhanced by adjusting the voltage phase angle and regulation radius of series side transformer. Second, the optimal control model considering UPFC is established. Finally, the corresponding self-admittance and mutual admittance elements are extracted from the constructed UPFC model and introduced into the Jacobian matrix, so that while the comprehensive technology maintains the dimension of the Jacobian matrix, the intelligent algorithm can directly optimize the control parameters to reduce the search space. The IEEE33 bus system is used for example simulation, the results before and after the improvement are compared, and the Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the two algorithms 50 times respectively based on the installation number of UPFC, which verifies that the proposed optimization method has better convergence and operation speed.
Revisiting the equality conditions of the data-processing inequality for the sandwiched Rényi divergence
Authors: Wang Jinzhao , Wilming Henrik
Published: May 2022

We provide a transparent, simple, and unified treatment of recent results on the equality conditions for the data-processing inequality of the sandwiched quantum Rényi divergence, including the statement that the equality in the data-processing implies recoverability via the Petz recovery map for the full range of the Rényi parameter α recently proven by Jenčová [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50, 085303 (2017)]. We also obtain a new set of equality conditions, generalizing a previous result by Leditzky et al. [Lett. Math. Phys. 107, 61 (2017)].
Importance of accurate consideration of the electron inertia in hybrid-kinetic simulations of collisionless plasma turbulence: The 2D limit
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Muñoz Patricio A. , Farzalipour Tabriz Meisam , Rampp Markus , Büchner Jörg
Published: May 2022

The dissipation mechanism of the magnetic energy in turbulent collisionless space and astrophysical plasmas is still not well understood. Its investigation requires efficient kinetic simulations of the energy transfer in collisionless plasma turbulence. In this respect, hybrid-kinetic simulations, in which ions are treated as particles and electrons as an inertial fluid, have begun to attract a significant interest recently. Hybrid-kinetic models describe both ion- and electron scale processes by ignoring electron kinetic effects so that they are computationally much less demanding compared to fully kinetic plasma models. Hybrid-kinetic codes solve either the Vlasov equation for the ions (Eulerian Vlasov-hybrid codes) or the equations of motion of the ions as macro-particles [Lagrangian particle-in-cell (PIC)-hybrid codes]. They consider the inertia of the electron fluid using different approximations. We check the validity of these approximations by employing our recently massively parallelized three-dimensional PIC-hybrid code Code Hybrid with Inertial Electron Fluid (CHIEF), which considers the electron inertia without any of the common approximations. In particular, we report the results of simulations of two-dimensional collisionless plasma turbulence. We conclude that the simulation results obtained using hybrid-kinetic codes, which use approximations to describe the electron inertia, need to be interpreted with caution. We also discuss the parallel scalability of CHIEF, to the best of our knowledge, the first PIC-hybrid code, which without approximations describes the inertial electron fluid.
Oxidation in laser-generated metal plumes
Authors: Kautz Elizabeth J. , Phillips Mark C. , Zelenyuk Alla , Harilal Sivanandan S.
Published: May 2022

The temporal evolution of atoms and molecules in a laser-produced plasma was investigated using optical emission spectroscopy for several metal targets (i.e., Al, Ti, Fe, Zr, Nb, and Ta). Plasmas from metal targets were generated by focusing 1064 nm, 6 ns pulses from an Nd:YAG laser. Gas-phase oxidation/plasma chemistry was initiated by adding O2 (partial pressures up to ≈20%) to an N2 environment where the total background pressure was kept at a constant 1 atmosphere. Temporally resolved emission spectral features were used to track the gas-phase oxidation. The dynamics of atomic and molecular species were monitored using space-resolved time-of-flight emission spectroscopy. Our results highlight that the partial pressure of O2 strongly influences spectral features and molecular formation in laser-produced plasmas. Atoms and molecules co-exist in plasmas, although with different temporal histories depending on the target material due to differences in thermo- and plasma chemical reactions occurring in the plume.
Aerodynamic interference and unsteady loads for a hovering intermeshing rotor
Authors: Sheen Guanbin , Yin Mingwei , Wang Xianyu , Baoyin Hexi
Published: May 2022

Synchropters are increasingly applied for precision work in placing suspended loads due to their unique flying characteristics. However, the special intermeshing rotor structural helicopter easily introduces rotor-and-rotor interference, leading to unsteady aerodynamic loads on the rotor blades in mission flight. Hence, we use the unsteady vortex lattice method to validate and analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of the intermeshing rotor in hover. In this method, a circulation suppression technique on the blade root is introduced to enhance the stability of the rotor wake in the steady-state hover. Results show that the meniscus truncated regions on the intermeshing rotor disks formed by the blade–vortex impact are nearly unchanged to collective pitches. The low-order frequency harmonic components and phase lag phenomenon universally found in dual rotor loads and additional oscillating roll moment become inherent characteristics of the intermeshing rotor in hover, especially for kΩ caused by interference of rotor downwash flow and 2 kΩ produced by the blade–vortex interaction at 10° and 190° azimuth. Finally, the left/right rotor loads exist harmonic components of 1, 2, and 3 kΩ. In contrast, the total thrust of the intermeshing rotor system eliminates the odd-order harmonic components but aggravates the even-order harmonic components.
A computational fluid dynamics study on rimming flow in a rotating cylinder
Authors: Sadeghi H. , Diosady L. , Blais B.
Published: May 2022

Extensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to study “rimming” flow in a partially filled horizontally rotating cylinder. These flows are encountered in aero-engine bearing chambers, which often exhibit complex two-phase flow scenarios as well as in multiple other engineering applications. In this study, a robust numerical scheme to model two-phase rimming flow has been adopted and validated against analytical expression and experimental data obtained from the literature. Additionally, a vast parametric study of the flow conditions has been performed. We used the volume of fluid method to solve the system of multi-phase flow governing equations and track the interface of rimming flow. The time-dependent gas–liquid interface was resolved, and the liquid-film thickness was determined. First, we performed our simulations within small to moderate ranges of Reynolds and Bond numbers and compared our results with previously reported analytical and experimental investigations. The present CFD results were found to be in very good agreement with previously reported data, both in identifying different regimes reported in the literature for rimming flow and in liquid-film thickness predictions. We also performed several additional simulations at much larger and practical ranges of Reynolds and Bond numbers, beyond the limitations imposed in previous analytical and experimental investigations on thin-film flows. We showed that three different flow regimes—shear-dominated, transitional, and gravitational-dominated—are attainable for the rimming flow for different combinations of Reynolds, Bond, and gravitational numbers. The present numerical results led us to propose a new map of rimming flow regimes by introducing functions of the Froude number and capillary number, which successfully identify and separate these regimes for a significant number of flow conditions.
Comparative study on the fertility and outcrossing characteristics of new dual-purpose genic male-sterile rice in China
Authors: Chen Jing , Chen Yan , Luo Yuping , Wu Yanran , Peng Yan , Mao Dandan , Liang Manzhong , Dai Xiaojun , Chen Liangbi
Published: May 2022

The widespread application of ‘two-line’ hybrid rice, based on temperature- and photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile lines, plays an important role in ensuring global food security. Such lines are fertile in short-day/low-temperature conditions when used for self-breeding, and sterile in long-day/high-temperature conditions when used for hybrid seed production. However, fertility instability and low hybrid seed production of sterile lines are urgent problems. The aim of this study was to increase the stability of pollen sterility by studying the critical sterile-inducing temperature and stigma vitality of 97 newly selected male-sterile lines in China from 2017 to 2020. Sterility gene source analysis showed that 89.7% of the materials contained the tms5 sterile gene. After 6 days of treatment at 23.5°C during the reproductive period, 42 male-sterile lines were sterile. After 10 days of treatment at 23.5°C, the sterility of 12 sterile lines remained stable, indicating a high level of safety for hybrid seed production. After 10 days of low-temperature treatment at 19°C, the fertile pollen rate of 47 of the 97 sterile lines was >70%, indicating a high level of seed reproduction safety. Only six of these 47 male-sterile lines could maintain low fertility after 10 days of treatment at 23.5°C, indicating that they could be used safely for both hybrid seed production and sterile line reproduction. The results of delayed pollination showed that among the six lines, only Zhong 7S had high stigma vitality, and BYXA1S and H10S-2 had medium stigma vitality. Therefore, those three sterile lines have the potential for safe hybrid seed production and high-yield seed reproduction. Based on our research, we propose a new breeding standard of dual-purpose male-sterile lines to promote the development of two-line hybrid rice.
Structural insights into galanin receptor signaling
Authors: Jiang Wentong , Zheng Sanduo
Published: May 2022

Significance

Galanin exerts various physiological functions through galanin receptors, including antinociceptive activity, depression, and sleep. Here, we reveal a distinct binding mode of galanin peptide in galanin receptors from that of the published structures of peptide-bound GPCRs. Moreover, our work shows that the neuromodulator zinc ion negatively modulates galanin signaling in the central nervous system and further advances our understanding of mechanisms of G protein selectivity of GPCRs. These structures will provide a framework for rational design of ligands targeting GALRs for potential therapeutic applications.
Genetic polymorphisms related to muscular strength and flexibility are associated with artistic gymnastic performance in the Japanese population
Authors: Kumagai Hiroshi , Kaneko Tomoko , Shintake Yuko , Miyamoto‐Mikami Eri , Tomita Hiroyuki , Fukuo Makoto , Kawai Wataru , Harada Mutsumi , Kikuchi Naoki , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Hirata Kosuke , Zempo Hirofumi , Maeda Seiji , Miyamoto Naokazu , Fuku Noriyuki
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to examine how genetic polymorphisms related to muscular strength and flexibility influence artistic gymnastic performance in an attempt to identify a novel polymorphism associated with flexibility. In study 1, the passive straight‐leg‐raise (PSLR) score and aromatase gene CYP19A1 rs936306 polymorphism, a key enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, were assessed in 278 individuals. In study 2, athletes (281 gymnasts and 1908 other athletes) were asked about their competition level, and gymnasts were assessed using the difficulty score (D‐score) for each event. Muscular strength‐ (ACTN3 R577X rs1815739 and ACE I/D rs4341) and flexibility‐related (ESR1 rs2234693 T/C and CYP19A1 rs936306 C/T) genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. In study 1, males with the CYP19A1 CT + TT genotype showed significantly higher PSLR scores than those with the CC genotype. In study 2, male gymnasts with the R allele of ACTN3 R577X showed a correlation with the floor, rings, vault, and total D‐scores. In addition, male gymnasts with the C allele of ESR1 T/C and T allele of CYP19A1 C/T polymorphisms were correlated with the pommel horse, parallel bars, horizontal bar, and total D‐scores. Furthermore, genotype scores of these three polymorphisms correlated with the total D‐scores and competition levels in male gymnasts. In contrast, no such associations were observed in female gymnasts. Our findings suggest that muscular strength‐ and flexibility‐related polymorphisms play important roles in achieving high performance in male artistic gymnastics by specifically influencing the performance of events that require muscular strength and flexibility, respectively.

Highlights

Estrogen‐related CYP19A1 polymorphism is a novel determinant of flexibility in males.

Muscular strength‐ and flexibility‐related polymorphisms play important roles in high performance in male artistic gymnastics.

Genotypes of ACTN3 R577X, ESR1 rs2234693, and CYP19A1 rs936306 may contribute to training plan optimization and event selection in artistic gymnastics.
Doping-dependent nucleation of basal plane dislocations in 4H-SiC
Authors: Liu Xiaoshuang , Wang Rong , Zhang Junran , Lu Yunhao , Zhang Yiqiang , Yang Deren , Pi Xiaodong
Published: May 2022

Basal plane dislocations (BPDs) are one of the most harmful dislocations in 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC). Understanding the nucleation of BPDs is the basis of reducing the density of BPDs in 4H-SiC. In this work, we investigate the nucleation mechanism of BPDs, as well as the effect of doping on the nucleation of BPDs in 4H-SiC using nanoindentation. It is found that the shear stress plays a dominant role in the nucleation of BPDs in undoped 4H-SiC. This indicates that the shear component of the thermal stress during the growth of 4H-SiC single crystals and that of the mechanical stress during the processing of 4H-SiC wafers both give rise to the nucleation of BPDs. Nitrogen (N) doping is found to facilitate the nucleation of BPDs and decrease the shear stress required for the nucleation of BPDs. In contrast, vanadium (V) doping hinders the nucleation of BPDs, which promotes the polymorph transition from 4H-SiC to 3C-SiC.