bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Policy as Battleground
Authors: Bailey Anna L.
Published: May 2019

A study of the development and passage of the major 2011 law on alcohol regulation by the Russian parliament. The commonplace explanation for why the law impacted so harshly on beer is that the government ordered such legislation as part of its anti-alcohol initiative. However, this would be to fundamentally misunderstand the mechanisms of policy formation. The law did indeed implement many of the policies instructed by President Medvedev as part of the drive to reduce alcohol consumption. But crucially, the finer details were a perpetual battleground between the numerous policy stakeholders, and the final version impacted much more harshly on the beer industry that originally anticipated. The stages of the bill’s passage provide a case study of how the alcohol regulator RAR seemingly worked in tandem with United Russia Duma deputy Viktor Zvagelskiy to push their preferred policies, and how anti-alcohol rhetoric was used to provide moral cover.
Of Reason and Revelation
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses Hamka’s harmonization of reason and revelation in the road to reform Southeast Asian Muslim thought. To achieve this, he marshalled a few intellectual assertions. He highlighted the problem of intellectual stagnation that was ubiquitous in Malay-Muslim societies. Hamka also strategically appropriated the rational tradition in Islam to argue for the restoration of reason to its rightful place within Islamic thought in the Malay world. The last section of this chapter elaborates on Hamka’s concept of “guided reason,” a type of reasoning that was guided by the sacred sources of Islam, by good character, by changing contexts, as well as by the forms of new knowledge developed in the modern world.
In Praise of Moderation
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: May 2019

This chapter pursues Hamka’s concept of moderation in all things and its contrast – extremism. Hamka provided a detailed explanation on why some Muslims departed from being moderate and the implications of such aberration. He held that the forms of extremism that have bedeviled Muslims in the Malay world and globally in the twentieth century were borne out of the ruptures caused by modernity and colonialism. The last part of this chapter discusses Hamka’s decentering of the dominant image that Muslims were prone to extremism. Extremism was, to Hamka, a malady that affected human beings in general. But specific groups have cast Muslims in the Malay world as fanatics as a means to serve their exploitative agendas.
Restoring Sufism in the Modern Age
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores Hamka’s effort to restoring Sufism. First, he sought to clarify the origins of Sufism, emphasizing its historical role as a fundamental aspect of Islam by linking it to the time of Prophet Muhammad. Sufism. Linked to this was his delineation the actual objectives of Sufism and explanation of those un-Islamic or ‘foreign’ elements that have been accepted into the tradition. At the same time, Hamka documented the contributions of Sufism. Hamka’s third approach in restoring Sufism was to encourage Sufis to regain their historical dynamism and to adapt to the demands of the modern world, admonishing them and their interlocutors to focus on and emphasize the positive aspects of spirituality in the lives of Muslims.
Humans, Other Animals, and the Humanities
Authors: LaCapra Dominick
Published: May 2019

The chapter criticizes the role of anthropocentrism and human exceptionalism in history and related disciplines. It relates this role to the quest for a decisive criterion that radically separates humans from other animals and places in question the quest for such a criterion that often if not typically serves to justify dubious human uses and abuses of other animals.
Frank Hamilton Cushing and His “Adventures” at Zuni
Authors: LaCapra Dominick
Published: May 2019

The chapter looks into the relations between Cushing and the Zuni, notably as portrayed in the sketches in the recent Zuni artist Phil Hughte. Zuni and other tribes remain divided over the role of Cushing at Zuni, often seeing either intrusive betrayal or attempted empathic understanding in it. Hughte indicates, often humorously or ironically, that typically these relations took place in mutual blindness but nonetheless also points to their more positive dimensions.
Manuscripts, Madness
Authors: Fox Richard
Published: May 2019

This chapter introduces the ethnographic context and theoretical problematic for the book’s approach to Balinese writing practices. It argues that contemporary uses of the island’s traditional script are caught between conflicting articulations of human flourishing and collective life. There is first the state-bureaucratic articulation of reform Hinduism, for which Balinese letters figure primarily as a symbol of cultural heritage. But there is also the broadly western philological assumption that script serves as a neutral medium for the expression and transmission of textual meaning—an idea that has long defined scholarly approaches to religious traditions in the wider region. Balinese practices of apotropaic writing – on palm-leaves, amulets and bodies – challenge both of these notions, and yet they coexist alongside them. The question is how to theorize the coexistence of these seemingly contradictory sensibilities.
Practice and the Problem of Complexity
Authors: Fox Richard
Published: May 2019

This chapter asks what it would mean to approach the ‘uses and acts of aksara’ from the previous chapter under the description of practice. To this point the book has used the term practice rather loosely to mean something like ‘what people do’. The primary aim in so doing was to shift attention away from the scholarly abstractions of literacy and language onto historically situated uses of script and writing. This chapter and the next aim to give a more precise account of this crucial term. Chapter Four focuses in particular on the use of written instruments in the performance of a rite known as the Caru Rsi Gana. If previous chapters emphasized the disjuncture between two contrasting styles of writing, and their corresponding styles of reasoning, the Caru Rsi Gana suggests an even wider range of purposes, many of which appear to be contradictory.
Wagging the Dog
Authors: Fox Richard
Published: May 2019

The eighth chapter concludes by recapitulating the argument and drawing out its wider implications for the study of religion, script and writing in Southeast Asia and beyond. Three key unresolved issues are also addressed: whether it is ultimately coherent to posit practice as an ‘object of study’; whether taking purpose and presupposition as ‘prologues to action’ entails a residual ethnocentrism; and, finally, to what extent the book’s findings may suggest limitations to Pollock's conception of ‘the Sanskrit cosmopolis’.
The Imperatives of Waste
Authors: Siniawer Eiko Maruko
Published: May 2019

In the poverty of the immediate postwar, waste of various kinds was considered dangerous and uncivilized, and waste consciousness was seen as a necessity. Whether it was making the most of food or handling garbage properly, waste was to be dealt with carefully for the sake of basic health, hygiene, and sanitation. Waste consciousness thus focused on the acute challenges of day-to-day life and was imperative in ways that it would never be again in the decades that followed. Sparked too in these years, in the context of occupation, was curiosity about rosy visions of an American, middle-class lifestyle of abundance and prosperity even as most Japanese could barely dream of much beyond the struggles of the day to day.
A Bright Stinginess
Authors: Siniawer Eiko Maruko
Published: May 2019

Even as there were significant shifts in understandings of waste and waste consciousness in the early 1970s, the desires and values which had been shaped by growing material and economic prosperity endured. A new, “bright kechi (stinginess)” was not to sacrifice comfort, mean going without, compromise standards of living, or cause hardship. The centrality of consumption to daily life, corporate focus on the maximization of profit, influence of marketing and advertising, and longing for convenience and comfort persisted. The calls to reign in excess, to appreciate what had been attained, and to preserve middle-class lifestyles, revealed the depth and tenacity of the hopes and expectations forged in the making of a wealthy Japan.
Living the Good Life?
Authors: Siniawer Eiko Maruko
Published: May 2019

With the ever increasing sense in the 1980s that Japan had arrived as an economic power, attention was newly focused on what beyond financial wealth and material abundance constituted an affluent life, on what constituted “true affluence” or an “affluence of the heart.” Affluence—and waste along with it—came to be conceived in more psychological, spiritual, and emotional terms than in the past, with an attention to a well-being and self-fulfillment which extended beyond the purely financial. What was often being sought was yutori, or leisure, relaxation, space, and unconstricted time. Financial and material prosperity made possible self-reflection about what a good life could and should be in an affluent society.
Greening Consciousness
Authors: Siniawer Eiko Maruko
Published: May 2019

In the unsettled years of the 1990s, values and commitments that had retreated into the background in the previous decade emerged again, reframed and reconfigured for an era of economic uncertainty and global environmental challenges. Attempts to rearticulate priorities in the age of the global environment came to link waste consciousness and environmental consciousness, which together became established and widespread norms. Even as waste and wastefulness were not seen in fundamentally different ways, they took on new meanings and additional purposes as waste consciousness came to be understood in somewhat more global and somewhat less anthropocentric terms.
Protracted Intense Struggles
Authors: Roeder Philip G.
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines how, in the strategy of programmatic coordination, the tactic of increasing intensity, such as a protracted violent struggle, requires high levels of programmatic coordination but is in turn chosen to sustain this and achieve still greater coordination within the platform population. Using an original dataset on violent insurgency, terrorism, and protest by the 171 national-secession campaigns that got on the global agenda, the results of statistical analysis are consistent with the expectation that campaigns on behalf of more authentic and realistic programs are more likely to engage in protracted intense struggles.
“My Dear Countrymen Rouse Yourselves”
Authors: Hoffer Peter Charles , Hoffer Williamjames Hull
Published: May 2019

By 1774, events were pushing the lawyers to take sides whose lines of division could not be crossed. Nor could even the best connected of lawyers straddle these lines. One had to choose. Still, the lines that defined revolutionary and loyalist lawyering were only drawn in shifting sands. Had Parliament conceded some measure of colonial autonomy and had the revolutionary leadership been more patient with English policies, the crisis could have been averted or at least held at bay. But both sides seemed unwilling to acknowledge what continued intransigence would bring.
“That These Colonies Are … Free ​ and Independent States”
Authors: Hoffer Peter Charles , Hoffer Williamjames Hull
Published: May 2019

Even if the Declaration were a legal document announcing the independence of the United States, according to revolutionary constitutional theory no independent state could exist without fundamental law, in this case a constitution of some sort that was ratified by the people. The Revolutionaries agreed that constitutions must precede and empower governments, or the fundamental rule of consent of the governed could not be followed. Congress did not have such a foundation. The last paragraph of the Declaration thus served as a miniature prototype constitution until such time as a more substantial document could be prepared and ratified. The powers that the Declaration gave to the United States, to wage and conclude wars, regulate commerce, and all the other powers that independent states “may of right do” were the very definition of sovereignty. As it happened, they were the most valid factual claims the Declaration made, for Congress were already doing all of them.
From Banking on Fish to Fishy Banks
Authors: Ornston Darius
Published: May 2019

Chapter four illustrates how Icelandic policymakers used formal and informal networks to liberalize their economy even more rapidly and radically than neoliberal icons such as Ronald Reagan or Margaret Thatcher. Institutional reform spurred movement into new industries, such as financial services, partly because of the policy innovations described above and partly because of the speed with which new ideas diffused within dense, interpersonal networks in the private sector. At the same time, public and private sector actors were slow to recognize the ensuing financial bubble, and Iceland suffered the largest banking economic crisis in human history, eclipsing not only financial powerhouses such as the UK and US, but also the Swedish and Finnish banking crises of the early 1990s.
Civil War in El Salvador
Authors: Hoover Green Amelia
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines the social, political, and economic factors underlying the Salvadoran civil war, and the development of the organizations that ultimately contested the war. The military government's intense, disproportionate repression of even moderate reformers both accelerated progress toward war and served as a tactic of war. Similarly, the histories, and prehistories, of both state and rebel organizations informed their strategies and tactics in conflict. El Salvador's civil war featured well-organized, ideologically sophisticated Communist rebels, who sought control of the state, rather than resource wealth, secession, or ethnic domination. Facing them was a generally inept and brutal state force, which ultimately required vast amounts of assistance from the United States—military and otherwise—to avoid losing the war outright. Yet there was little demographic difference between the fighting forces, in terms of age, education, ethnicity, or other factors. The chapter then looks at some broad, structural similarities and differences between El Salvador's war and others.
Aesthetics of Empathy
Authors: Feldman Leah
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses the Azeri poetry of Mirza Fatali Axundov and Abbas Sehhet’s translations of the Russian imperial sublime. The chapter focuses on the geography of the sublime as central to the construction of a Turkic supranational community defined through a boundless ethics of empathy and intuition drawing on both Russian Orientalist tropes and Islamic thought.
A Window onto the East
Authors: Feldman Leah
Published: May 2019

This chapter shifts to the immediate post-revolutionary moment to discuss the beginnings of the Soviet consolidation of the empire. In particular, it takes up the construction of an idea of an Eastern International developed by Russian/Soviet orientalists as central to Soviet agitprop. Much of the chapter focuses on the role played by avant-garde poetics in the imperial imaginary, contesting the notion that socialist realism was the only strategy applied to Soviet nation building.
Broken Verse
Authors: Feldman Leah
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses the influence of materialist aesthetics on the formation of Azerbaijani Soviet nationalism, which emerged as a cohesive discourse during the first ten years of Soviet control in the poetry of the Baku Red Pens. This chapter highlights the role of Marxist speech acts in shaping the revolution on the periphery.
Transition
Authors: Hohendahl Peter Uwe
Published: May 2019

The second chapter traces Schmitt’s use if the concept of Großraum during the late 1930s and early 1940s in the context of the simultaneous German foreign policy. The emphasis is placed on the affinity between this concept and the policies of the Third Reich. Both similarities as well as differences are carefully examined. At the same time, the chapter shows how the Großraum essay marks the transition from a nationalist perspective (a new German Reich) to a European conception of the legitimate political order (later calling for a plurality of Großräume).
The Return of Political Theology
Authors: Hohendahl Peter Uwe
Published: May 2019

The fifth chapter goes back to Schmitt’s 1922 Political Theology to frame the author’s late return to this theme. The chapter argues that this return underscores the centrality of political theology for Schmitt’s late work in general. It means to show that Schmitt in his debate with the theologian Erik Peterson and the philosopher Hans Blumenberg in Political Theology II emphasizes the need for theological foundations. They can be found in the New Testament. As a consequence, he stresses the continued relevance of political theology.
Introduction
Authors: Roychoudhury Suparna
Published: May 2019

This chapter offers a reading of the most famous Shakespearean lines on imagination, a speech by Theseus in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, arguing that this speech presents not a unified but a pluralistic idea of what imagination is—a story; a section of the brain; a shape; a substance. To account for this variegation, the chapter summarizes the long intellectual history of imagination, emphasizing the cognitive or psychological tradition founded by Aristotle. The chapter then examines the complex and often confused early modern discourse of imagination, arguing that these confusions indicate the ways in which proto-scientific fields were destabilizing faculty psychology. To understand Theseus’ polysemic idea of imagination, and Shakespeare’s more generally, we must explore the various contexts in which imagination’s earlier philosophy was tested or recast by the early modern history of science; these contexts will be explored in subsequent chapters.
Between Heart and Eye
Authors: Roychoudhury Suparna
Published: May 2019

Over the centuries, the imaginative faculty had been linked to different cerebral ventricles, attached to the senses as well as reason, divided into parts and reunified. Imagination’s uncertain physiology was further complicated by the ground-breaking advances made by anatomists such as Andreas Vesalius—for psychologists had now to reconcile empirical evidence of the brain’s interior with earlier philosophical conjectures. Shakespeare’s sonnets, in which the speaker’s heart, eyes, and other organs repeatedly dispute the location of the beloved’s phantasmatic image within the lover’s desiring body, capitalize on these uncertainties. Through self-anatomizing corporeal narratives, the lover investigates in his own manner the connections between his mind and body.
Children of Fancy
Authors: Roychoudhury Suparna
Published: May 2019

This chapter argues that the fanciful trifling featured in Love’s Labor’s Lost explores the epistemological utility of imagination, does so by deconstructing the prevalent view that imagination is a sort of intellectual idleness. Francis Bacon and others wrote that imagination is little more than childish cognitive toying, distinct from the more systematic labor of discovery. In his comedy, Shakespeare parodically recasts these prejudices by conceiving a pedagogic courtly academy devoted only to fancy, run not by scientists but fops, pedants, and children. In so doing, the play weighs the importance of courtesy, collaboration, novelty, and invention in the making of scientific knowledge.
Of Atoms, Air, and Insects
Authors: Roychoudhury Suparna
Published: May 2019

In early modern religious discourse, the fantasy is often associated with vanity and nothingness. Yet, notions of matter and void would become complicated by sixteenth-century atomism—including the revived materialist philosophy of Lucretius—which posited a universe made up of invisible whirling particles. This chapter notes that phantasms in Renaissance literature are often figured as flies and worms, echoing the language of Lucretius. Accordingly, Romeo and Juliet imagines the particulate texture of dreams and death in terms of webs and fumes; the culmination of this play’s pervasive imagery of thin substances is Mercutio’s portrait of the fairy queen Mab. Only through metaphor, suggests Shakespeare, can we grasp the fundamental, insensible realities of the material universe.
Playing with Scriptures
Authors: Ibrahim Nur Amali
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on the religious socialization among liberal Muslims in the post-Suharto era. Liberal Muslims want to inject values like individual autonomy, gender equality, and human rights into Islam, and do so by reading the Islamic scriptures through the lens of the Western human sciences. These activities occur in private study settings that permit insults, jokes, laughter, and play, which render religious doctrines vulnerable and thus ultimately changeable.
From Moderate Indonesia to Indonistan
Authors: Ibrahim Nur Amali
Published: May 2019

The focus of Chapter 5 is how the acts of religious improvisation intersect with political attempts to present Indonesia internationally as a “moderate” Muslim nation that is different from the “despotic” and “chaotic” Middle East. Although Muslims of different ideological stripes are actually capitulating to the West and absorbing the ideals of secular liberalism, the moderate Muslim discourse identifies liberal Muslims as “good” believers while denouncing Islamists as “bad” believers in need of liberal salvation. Blaming violence and discrimination on “bad” religion, however, promotes the view of religion as bounded and coherent and overlooks the complex constellation of factors that produce social ills.
Ideas, Networks, and Monetary Politics in Japan
Authors: Park Gene , Katada Saori N. , Chiozza Giacomo , Kojo Yoshiko
Published: May 2019

This introductory chapter provides a background of the monetary politics in Japan. Japan's economy dipped into deflation in the mid-1990s and again more seriously in the late 1990s; this period was followed by a prolonged period of deflation from the end of the 1990s through the mid-2000s. With the start of the global financial crisis (GFC) in 2008, economic growth dropped sharply, as did prices. Then the Japanese economy suffered another blow with the devastating triple disaster of 2011: earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear crisis. Despite these challenges and seemingly unshakeable deflation, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) remained reluctant to embrace aggressive unconventional monetary policies. Policy then shifted sharply at the end of 2012 under Prime Minister Abe Shinzō during his second term. Abe promised aggressive monetary measures to reflate the economy as part of his “Abenomics” package of economic revitalization policies.
Deflation, Monetary Policy Responses, and the Boj
Authors: Park Gene , Katada Saori N. , Chiozza Giacomo , Kojo Yoshiko
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses deflation, monetary policy responses against deflation, and the Bank of Japan's (BOJ) reluctance to try bolder measures to reflate the economy. Deflation, when the price of goods and services declines, is attributable to a number of causes. It can result from supply-side improvements such as enhanced productivity and thus can coincide with economic growth. However, deflation can also occur through demand-side shocks. These shocks can be the result of policy mistakes. Under such circumstances, deflation can have potentially damaging economic consequences. Some of the monetary policy responses against deflation include forward guidance, quantitative easing (QE), interest rate targeting, negative interest rates, and helicopter money. There are several possible explanations for the BOJ Policy Board's resistance to adopting unconventional monetary policies. It could be that central bankers at the BOJ did not believe that they would be effective. Another explanation is that the BOJ was more hesitant to use QE because of the country's fiscal position.
Introduction
Authors: Flood Julee T. , Leap Terry L.
Published: May 2019

The wide range of U.S. institutions of higher learning face a number of challenges such as the balance between faculty research, teaching, and service expectations, the high and, sometimes, prohibitive cost of a college education, eroding academic standards, heated debates over curriculum issues, administrative bloat, and the contentious nature of promotion and tenure decisions. Risk management is often the key to dealing with these issues.
Establishing a Career in Academia
Authors: Flood Julee T. , Leap Terry L.
Published: May 2019

The recruitment, selection, and evaluation of faculty are covered in this chapter. An examination of the research on interviewing, background checks, and other selection criteria is set forth based on the perspectives of industrial and organizational psychologists. The structure of academic ranks and the way in which faculty move through these ranks and achieve (or do not achieve) promotion and tenure.
Methods and Data Collection
Authors: Wagner Ines
Published: May 2019

This chapter describes the qualitative data collection methods based on the case study approach. It discusses the whole life cycle of the qualitative method process from how the contact to the posted workers was established, to how the data was stored and how it was analysed and connected to theory in an iterative process using qualitative data analysis software.
Broadening the Scope
Authors: Wagner Ines
Published: May 2019

Chapter 6 summarizes and concludes that the main intention of the book was to analyze the enactment and persistence of particular institutional frameworks. Throughout the chapters, the book repeatedly noted that the institutions of a political economy can best be understood in relation to how they have been enacted at different levels. This book stressed the possible transformative capacity of enaction. It focused on the workplace level, examining actors involved in the posting relationship, including posted workers themselves, as opposed to policymakers. The aim was to portray how local affairs both sustain and prompt shifts in the posting regulatory framework. By illuminating the micro level, which is not part of the standard repertoire of EU integration research or of much of today’s institutionalist political economy literature, the book aimed to highlight the importance of this approach for a dynamic research agenda of European integration and the changing nature of employment relations.
Understanding and Managing Alliances in the 21st Century
Authors: Lanoszka Alexander
Published: May 2019

This concluding chapter wraps up the book by summarizing its main argument and key findings. It also describes several implications for the study of international security, especially with regards to understandings of credibility, the relationship between nuclear weapons and conventional military power, the effectiveness of coercion, American primacy, and the great power management of weaker states. It then outlines various policy implications that would be of interest to American and allied decision-makers.
Introduction
Authors: Rabinovitch Oded
Published: May 2019

The introduction sets the story of the Perraults against the backdrop of early modern France. It covers the transformation of French culture in the seventeenth century (in its different dimenstion: geographical, social, and institutional, including the rise of academies and salons, the court at Versailles), the history of intellectual families, notions of family strategy, and the use of networks in historical analysis. It also includes an outline of the chapters.
The Politics of Dark Pasts
Authors: Dixon Jennifer M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter reviews the book’s argument, assesses divergences in the two narratives’ trajectories, analyzes the effects of international norms, and discusses the implications of this research. The first part of the chapter argues that the greater degree of domestic contestation and differences in the nature of international pressures help account for the greater changes in Japan’s narrative, while the intensity of Turkish officials’ concerns about territory, compensation, legitimacy, and identity account for stronger continuities in Turkey’s narrative. The chapter then unpacks the ways in which international norms – of truth-telling and accountability and against genocide – have influenced the politics of memory, underscoring norms’ complex and multivalent effects. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways in which the book moves beyond prevailing approaches to memory and transitional justice, illuminating the politics inherent in official historiography and the ways in which historical accounts – as instantiated in official narratives – themselves affect politics.
Kazakhstan’s “Little October”
Authors: Cameron Sarah
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines Moscow’s initial assault on Kazakh nomadic life under the auspices of the “Little October,” a belated October-style social revolution begun in 1928. It shows how Moscow invited and encouraged Kazakh participation in the “Little October,” a strategy that successfully began to unravel Kazakh society from within. Challenging a literature that has argued that the Stalinist regime’s violent assaults on non-Russian groups were carried out largely by outsiders, this chapter shows that the peculiarly destructive nature of the Little October campaign was due to the fact that it was primarily carried out by insiders, rather than by outsiders. By the end of 1928, Kazakhs’ descent into hunger had begun.
Identification and characterization of mRNAs and lncRNAs in the uterus of polytocous and monotocous Small Tail Han sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: La Yongfu , Tang Jishun , He Xiaoyun , Di Ran , Wang Xiangyu , Liu Qiuyue , Zhang Liping , Zhang Xiaosheng , Zhang Jinlong , Hu Wenping , Chu Mingxing
Published: May 2019

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate endometrial secretion and uterine volume. However, there is little research on the role of lncRNAs in the uterus of Small Tail Han sheep (FecB++). Herein, RNA-seq was used to comparatively analyze gene expression profiles of uterine tissue between polytocous and monotocous sheep (FecB++) in follicular and luteal phases.

Methods

To identify lncRNA and mRNA expressed in the uterus, the expression of lncRNA and mRNA in the uterus of Small Tail Han sheep (FecB++) from the polytocous group (n = 6) and the monotocous group (n = 6) using RNA-sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were performed between the two groups and two phases . Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to analyze the biological functions and pathways for the differentially expressed mRNAs. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed to further analyses the function of related genes.

Results

In the follicular phase, 473 lncRNAs and 166 mRNAs were differentially expressed in polytocous and monotocous sheep; in the luteal phase, 967 lncRNAs and 505 mRNAs were differentially expressed in polytocous and monotocous sheep. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs and their target genes are mainly involved in ovarian steroidogenesis, retinol metabolism, the oxytocin signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and the Foxo signaling pathway. Key lncRNAs may regulate reproduction by regulating genes involved in these signaling pathways and biological processes. Specifically, UGT1A1, LHB, TGFB1, TAB1, and RHOA, which are targeted by MSTRG.134747, MSTRG.82376, MSTRG.134749, MSTRG.134751, and MSTRG.134746, may play key regulatory roles. These results offer insight into molecular mechanisms underlying sheep prolificacy.
Feedback of Domestic Employers on the Household Servicing Competency of Kasambahays in Zamboanga Del Norte
Authors: Mansanadez Evangeline , Aranda Charo
Published: May 2019

A healthy, safe and peaceful home where love and understanding abode is always the aim of every Filipino family.  This survey aimed to determine the feedback of domestic employers on the skill and competence of their Kasambahay along household servicing tasks such as cleaning, caring for the children, cooking, marketing and doing the laundry; the  use and maintenance of household materials and equipment; practice of occupational health and safety standards and relation towards employers and with others. A translated questionnaire-checklist was administered to 422 domestic employers in the 25 municipalities and 2 cities in the province of Zamboanga del Norte.  Findings led to the conclusion that the domestic employers find their Kasambahay to be skilled in household servicing tasks such as cleaning, caring for the children, cooking, marketing, and doing the laundry, competent on the use and maintenance of household materials and equipment and in practicing occupational health and safety standards. The domestic employers rated the attitude of their Kasambahay as satisfactory in the way the latter relate with others.
Mobility and Walkability: An Analysis OF Urban Design Elements around Divisoria, Cagayan de Oro
Authors: Eltanal Ar. Romel
Published: May 2019

Mobility and Walkability is an important concept in urban planning. The term is built around the concept of providing healthy communities, reducing dependency on automobiles and improving health consciousness to people. Based on factors including connectivity, densities, amenities, and socio-economics, this research focused on the analysis of urban design elements in relation to mobility and walkability of pedestrians around Divisoria District, Cagayan de Oro City through the influence of street networks around the area. Using data and actual survey helped locate high rates for walkability within the district. Additional qualities such as distance, safety, socio-economic and public spaces also play a role in the rates of mobility and walkability around the district. The urban design elements as facilitators take place within all types of developments around the area, but the number of barriers hinders mobility and walkability. Analysis of barriers and facilitators produced design guidelines that will promote mobility and walkability for new districts and urban development in the future. The findings suggested that urban design elements are important in achieving mobility and walkability.
The Extent of Implementation of Ra 9211 and P.D. 1619 on Public Secondary Schools in Tampilisan, Zamboanga Del Norte
Authors: Mansanadez Evangeline
Published: May 2019

Protection against the harmful effect of liquor and cigarette is a government thrust to maintain a healthy living. This study aimed to determine the compliance on the restriction of liquor and cigarette sale to minors within school radius in any schools in Tampilisan, Zamboanga Del Norte. It employed a descriptive survey method of research using a questionnaire to gather data; employing Chi-square test in finding the difference on the perception of respondents; utilizing the 244 PNP personnel, barangay officials, and community people. This study answered the questions on the extent of compliance on the restriction of liquor and cigarette sale to minors and tested the hypothesized difference on the perception of respondents. Findings led to the conclusion that the extent of compliance on the sale of liquor to minors is to a small extent while on cigarettes is to a moderate extent. Pearson Chi-square test indicated that there is a highly significant difference on the perception of the three groups of respondents on the extent of compliance on the sale of liquor to minors based on barangay ordinance and a significant difference based on school policies. On the sale of cigarettes, there exists a highly significant difference in their perception.  Thus, a concerned community that aimed for the betterment of the youth for today and the incoming generations produces a peaceful, sound, and a healthy environment.
Revitalizing the Bicol College Livelihood Programs at Barangay Kilicao in Daraga, Albay
Authors: Fernandez Vicente
Published: May 2019

Livelihood is one of the ways of helping people alleviate poverty. This action research determined the causes of the temporary closure of the projects implemented in terms of (1) attitude of the participants, (2) organizer, and (3) financial support and the recommended development plan. This action research employed the descriptive method of research and utilized the focused-group discussion as the primary source of data and as the main data gathering instrument. The findings revealed that the participants failed to demonstrate a positive attitude, no facility in terms of sanitation and proper product handling, no complete equipment, and materials needed, failure of the organizer to fully support the projects and not enough financial assistance from the institution to sustain the livelihood projects. As recommended, the livelihood projects should be revitalized to achieve its sustainability, the organizer spearhead to conduct seminars and workshops on livelihood trainings, regularly monitor an asses the activities, and prepare a five-year livelihood development plan.
Bullying Among Junior High School Students: Effects on Health and Academic Performance
Authors: Celeste Lorenita , Bisnar Joyce , Javier Imelda V.
Published: May 2019

Bullying and victimization phenomena have serious effects on the well-being of individuals. Therefore, the study intends to help the students maintain a normal state of well-being and enhance academic performance as a reference for administrators to develop programs managing the challenges encountered through identification of demographic profile; forms of bullying; effects on health and academic performance; coping strategies and school management. Mixed method approach was employed. Quantitative data was gathered through survey questionnaire and qualitative data through FGD from advisers, parents and students and KII from the principal, guidance counselor and prefect of discipline which were analyzed to corroborate with the quantitative data. Periodical grades were analyzed and compared. Findings revealed that out of 260 students, 232 expressed experienced bullying at a younger age as young as 10 years old. More alarmingly, some students reported recently experienced though rarely. The most common form of bullying identified are verbal, covert and physical bullying. Cyberbullying as the least experienced. The investigation disclosed they sometimes experience the health effects of bullying that are generally a normal response to stress. However, manage to deal with the experience through the support of family and the school. Data showed that studentsâ€™ experience of bullying does not affect their academic performance. Nevertheless, data analysis revealed that victims of bullying eventually become bullies themselves.
Firm's Imperfect Compliance and Pollution Emissions: Theory and Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Wang Yu Kun , Zhang Xiaoyong
Published: May 2019

Carbon emissions exacerbate global climate change. Transitioning away from coal is a cost-effective path to a low-carbon economy. Although many articles have considered the issue of manufacturers' production and emission of pollution. Few papers have discussed the impact of environmental tax and fuel tax on the cost of environmental degradation. This paper seeks to fill this gap by developing a theoretical model to discuss the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth. Furthermore, in order to support the theoretical results and testify the relationship between carbon emissions and taxation, we take South Africa as a case for discussing the effect of environmental taxation and fuel levy on firms' carbon emissions. We show that the impact of environmental taxes on carbon dioxide emissions is greater than that of fuel taxes on carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, we find that the GDP level of South Africa is on the left of the inflection points of Kuznets Curve. In other words, the current growth of South Africa's economy is at the cost of worsening the environmental degradation.
Effect of Farm Yard Manure and Nitrogen Application on Growth and Productivity of Wheat under Long Term Experimental Conditions
Authors: . Kavinder , Hooda V. S. , Malik Yash Pal , . Devraj , . Harender , . Kavita
Published: May 2019

To study the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) and nitrogen application on growth and productivity of wheat under long term experimental conditions a field experiment was conducted comprised of two level of FYM (0 and 15 t/ha) and three mode of application (kharif, rabi and both kharif and rabi) in main plots whereas two levels of nitrogen (0 and 120 kg/ha) in sub plot was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of tillers/m2, yield (grain yield, straw yield and biological yield) and yield attributing characters, were significantly higher for FYM 15 t/ha was applied in both kharif and rabi season as compared to FYM at 15 t/ha applied either in rabi or kharif and control. Application of 120 kg N/ha significantly increased growth parameters, yield and yield attributes as compared to control. Application of 15 t/ha FYM along with 120 kg N/ha significantly improved the growth and yield of wheat.
Assessing the Alternative Livelihood Options for Climate Change Vulnerable Coastal Fishing Villages in Kerala, India
Authors: Salim Shyam S. , Joseph Lina , James Harsha Elizabeth , Shinu A. M. , Athira N. R. , Smitha R. X.
Published: May 2019

Fisheries and allied sectors provide means of livelihood to millions of people around the world. In India more than 14.5 million individuals depend on fisheries for their livelihood, with Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Kerala being the main three marine fish producing states of the country. The social and economic contribution of fisheries as a sector cannot be ignored or go unnoticed. Similarly the impact of climate change on fisheries and its resultant impact on the livelihood of fisheries dependent communities cannot be ignored. To address these pertinent issues, we first need to understand the impact of climate change on fisheries and the need of alternative livelihood options from the perspective of the direct stakeholders i.e. fishermen. This study is an endeavour to look at the need of Alternative livelihood options (ALOs) because of climate change among the coastal communities in Poonthura and Elamkunnapuzha villages of Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulum respectively. Among the 222 marine fishing villages of Kerala, Poonthura and Elamkunnapuzha are the major fishing villages from the South West hotspot locales of India. The examination investigated different socioeconomic aspects, for example, fishing  activity,  basic  household  data,  economic  as  well  as  historic  and  cultural dependence on fishing, employment and occupational structure, income  distribution  and  assets,  physical  capital,  financial  capital,  social capital, and exposure and awareness  of the fishermen families to climate change by interviewing 1259 fishermen from Poonthura and Elamkunnapuzha. The study conducted in the most climate change vulnerable marine hotspots of Kerala (Elamkunnapuzha and Poonthura) explains the problems and prospects of the inhabitants in the sector and the importance of Alternative Livelihood Options (ALOs) in climate change adaptation.
Socio-economic Dynamics of Farmers and Economics of Certified Seed Production of Paddy in Karimnagar District, Telangana
Authors: Pal Govind , Bhaskar K. Udaya , Kumar S. P. Jeevan , Sripathy K. V. , Ramesh K. V. , Agarwal D. K.
Published: May 2019

Paddy plays a vital role in the national food security and principal  food  crop  cultivated  throughout  the Telangana state  providing  food  for  its  population,  fodder  to  the  cattle  and  employment  to the rural masses. The present study was based on primary data in Karimnagar district of Telangana during the agricultural year 2014-15. Analysis of data shows that majority of seed farmers belongs to small category (1-2 ha) followed by semi-medium (2-4 ha) and marginal (< 1 ha) category. The overall average land holding size of paddy seed farmers was 2.04 ha followed by grain farmers (1.27 ha) and district average (1.03 ha). Study area was dominated by paddy, cotton and maize with a cropping intensity of 159. Net irrigated area of paddy grain producer, certified seed producer and district average was 71.00, 90.60 and 73.95% respectively. Non-availability of labour was the most important constraints hindering adoption of paddy seed production technology. The seed production area is dominated by variety BPT- 5204 which covers 31.57% area under paddy seed production. Current study illustrates a ratio of 32:68 towards fixed and variable costs in paddy certified seed production with a total cost of Rs. 57315 per hectare and the gross and net returns were Rs. 83150 and Rs. 25835 per hectare respectively. The total cost of cultivation in paddy seed production was around 13.63% higher than grain production while, gross return was about 28.42% higher in seed production. Consequently, net return from seed production of paddy was 80.56% higher than grain production. Hence, production of certified seed has resulted in a win-win situation for the farmers with higher yield and increased returns. Higher yield and profitability associated with certified seed production can be effectively popularized among farmers, results in increased certified seed production. Farmers can be promoted in this endeavour by providing required quantity of foundation seed along with technical guidance.
Biomass compensation: Behind the diversity gradients of tidepool fishes
Authors: Arakaki Seiji , Tokeshi Mutsunori
Published: May 2019

Species richness is unevenly distributed on the Earth, with biodiversity gradients of various spatial scales supposedly being affected by abiotic as well as biotic factors including community traits such as body size spectra and relative abundance patterns. To explore large‐scale spatial variation in species diversity and their processes, tidepool fish communities were investigated through an intensive field work conducted on 55 shore sites in south‐western Japan. Multiple ecological measures were taken into account to assess changes in local community structures with changes in the number of species. Biomass (total fish wet weight) per unit area showed no systematic change with latitude, while taxa richness and number of individuals tended to increase toward lower latitudes. In addition, median fish body weight scaled positively with latitude, which was more conspicuous in Blenniidae than in Gobiidae. The latitudinal gradient of diversity in tidepool fish assemblages appears to be characterized by partitioning of total biomass that tends to stay constant across latitudes, suggesting the phenomenon of “biomass compensation” whereby body size and abundance/diversity change in opposite directions with latitude. Our study highlights that biomass compensation can be part of processes involved in generating gradients of species richness even without an apparent energy/resource gradient.
Ethical Consumption
Authors: Smart Barry
Published: May 2019

A genealogy of ethical consumption and consideration of the respects in which consumption has been problematized is revealing of the increasing significance being accorded to the need to live differently, in particular to consume ethically. Ethical consumption means consuming responsibly. It denotes the purchase and use of products and services that have been ethically produced, that is, without detriment to the rights, interests, and welfare or well‐being of (1) people involved in the production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services; (2) nonhuman animals; and (3) the sustainability of the environment.