bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Benzothiazoles
Authors: Prashanth G. K. , Gadewar Manoj , Rao Srilatha , Ghosh Mithun Kumar , Yatish K. V. , Swamy M. Mahadeva
Published: July 2024

Benzothiazoles belong to the category of heterocyclic compounds that contain two heteroatoms: sulfur and nitrogen. They consist of a two-membered ring structure and are considered a low-basicity heterocyclic unit. Benzothiazole derivatives have found extensive applications in medicinal chemistry, agrochemicals, and materials science. This chapter offers a comprehensive examination of the synthesis and assessment of biological activity and characteristics of emerging benzothiazole derivatives. In the recent decade, benzothiazole-based compounds have garnered substantial interest owing to their wide range of biological activities and distinctive chemical attributes. This chapter delves into the most recent advancements in benzothiazole synthesis, their biological activities, and myriad properties that make them compelling prospects for drug development and materials science.
Catalytic enantiospecific deuteration of complex amino acid mixtures with ruthenium nanoparticles
Authors: Mencia Gabriel , Rouan Pauline , Fazzini Pier-Francesco , Kulyk Hanna , Varela-Izquierdo Victor , Lippens Guy , Chaudret Bruno
Published: July 2024

Hydrogen Isotope Exchange (HIE) of a mixture of amino acids has been studied with the purpose of producing deuterated proteins.
Controlling palladium particle size and dispersion as a function of loading by chemical vapour impregnation: an investigation using propane total oxidation as a model reaction
Authors: Bailey Liam A. , Douthwaite Mark , Davies Thomas E. , Morgan David J. , Taylor Stuart H.
Published: July 2024

Chemical vapour impregnation gives a high level of control over palladium nanoparticle size and dispersion regardless of metal weight loading, with catalyst activity per active site being identical.
Seasonal ice encapsulation: the pivotal influence on microplastic transport and fate in cold regions
Authors: Chen Zhikun , Elektorowicz Maria , An Chunjiang , Tian Xuelin
Published: July 2024

Owing to their small size and stability, MPs have been found to be present in different media all over the world, even in the most remote regions such as the Arctic and Antarctic.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: effects of mediterranean diet and low-fat diet on liver enzymes and liver fat content of NAFLD
Authors: Xiong Yalan , Shi Xinyu , Xiong Xinying , Li Shenyu , Zhao Hanhua , Song Hualing , Wang Jianying , Zhang Lei , You Shengfu , Ji Guang , Liu Baocheng , Wu Na
Published: July 2024

From the RCTs, the MD and LFD have similar effects on improving liver enzymes and liver fat content in NAFLD for the short term.
Strongly polarized color conversion of isotropic colloidal quantum dots coupled to fano resonances
Authors: Gungor Kivanc , Erdem Onur , Guzelturk Burak , Unal Emre , Jun Shinae , Jang Eunjoo , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate a novel backlight unit utilizing the plasmonic interaction of quantum dots with v-shaped metallic grooves, which are capable of enhancing the emission in the desired polarization while suppressing the unwanted polarization component.
Coprecipitation and hydrothermal synthesis of CaO from dolomite in the presence of Sapindus rarak extract for biodiesel production: catalysts characterization and optimization
Authors: Widiarti Nuni , Holilah Holilah , Bahruji Hasliza , Nugraha Reva Edra , Suprapto Suprapto , Ni'mah Yatim Lailun , Prasetyoko Didik
Published: July 2024

Saponin from Sapindus rarak can be applied as a surfactant to produce CaO with high purity and smaller particle size. Hydrothermal CaO showed enhanced catalytic activity in biodiesel production.
Investigating the effects of solvent polarity and temperature on the molecular, photophysical, and thermodynamic properties of sinapic acid using DFT and TDDFT
Authors: Sherefedin Umer , Belay Abebe , Gudishe Kusse , Kebede Alemu , Kumela Alemayehu Getahun , Wakjira Tadesse Lemma , Asemare Semahegn , Gurumurthi T , Gelanu Dereje
Published: July 2024

Sinapic acid (SA) is widely used in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and cardioprotective properties.
Streamlined synthetic assembly of α-chiral CAAC ligands and catalytic performance of their copper and ruthenium complexes
Authors: Madron du Vigné Adrien , Cramer Nicolai
Published: July 2024

A streamlined strategy to diastereo- and enantiomerically pure α,β-chiral CAAC salts and their corresponding transition metal complexes is reported, displaying high enantioselectivities in benchmark asymmetric transformations.
Enabling interfacially compatible and high-voltage-tolerant lithium metal batteries with gradient composited solid-state electrolytes
Authors: He Honggang , Shang Jing , Li Shanshan , Cao Chunyan , Zhang Haifeng , Zhang Wei , Liu Hui , Feng Yu , Li Ruiqing , Chen Shi , Fei Bin , Ge Mingzheng
Published: July 2024

A gradient PEO-based composited electrolyte with Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) as ceramic fillers is developed toward interfacial compatible and high-voltage tolerant lithium metal batteries.
Locating manganese vanadate phase with PO43−-modified Mn2+–O–V5+ motifs optimized for catalytic NOX and poison abatement under oxidative wet conditions
Authors: Lee Seokhyun , Park So Hyeon , Kim Jongsik
Published: July 2024

Sb2O5-promoted Mn1V2O6 subjected to PO43− modification (Mn1–Sb–P) outperforms its SOA2−-modified analogue (Mn1–Sb–S) or WO3-promoted V2O5 (commercial control) in activating the SCR or AS/ABS pyrolysis at low temperatures.
An excimer process induced a turn-on fluorescent probe for detection of ultra-low concentration of mercury ions
Authors: Fang Shujing , Swamy K. M. K. , Zan Wen-Yan , Yoon Juyoung , Liu Shudi
Published: July 2024

We successfully developed naphthalene-based fluorescent probe 1 for detection of ultra-low concentrations of Hg2+via the formation of excimer, which resulted in emitted fluorescence.
Perovskite single crystal SCLC measurement prediction using a machine learning model
Authors: Khnanam Sarvani Jowhar , Kuruva Harinath , Moiz Salman Abdul , Banavoth Murali
Published: July 2024

Organic–inorganic halide perovskite single crystal SCLC measurement prediction using a machine learning model.
Indole and indazole derivatives containing salicylaldimine as fluorescence materials for multi-stimuli response through assembling AIEgen in multiple states
Authors: Hu Haoran , Shi Lei , Jing Tongtong , Zhang Chong , Gao Chao , Sun Chengguo , Du Yang , Hu Bingcheng
Published: July 2024

Novel indole (also including indazole) derivatives containing salicylaldimine assembled by AIEgens as smart AIE fluorescence materials in multiple fields.
Dual narrowband photodetectors based on halide perovskite single crystal heterojunctions with solution-processed epitaxial growth
Authors: Zhang Dan , Pan Yuzhu , Wang Xin , Wei Ziyu , Xu Yubing , Onwudiwe Damian Chinedu , Bae Byung Seong , Ertuğrul Mehmet , Zhou Jianming , Xu Xiaobao , Lei Wei
Published: July 2024

The figure illustrates the main device structure discussed in the paper, the incident direction of light, and the distribution of electric field intensity.
Gated Spatial–Temporal Merged Transformer Inspired by Multimask and Dual Branch for Traffic Forecasting
Authors: Yang Yongpeng , Yang Zhenzhen , Yang Zhen
Published: July 2024

As an essential part of intelligent transportation system (ITS), traffic forecasting has provided crucial role for traffic management and risk assessment. However, complex spatial–temporal dependencies, heterogeneity, dynamicity, and periodicity of traffic data influence the traffic forecasting performance. Consequently, we propose a novel effective gated spatial–temporal merged transformer (GSTMT) inspired by multimask and dual branch for accurate traffic forecasting in this paper. Specifically, we first conduct a concatenation of gated spatial static mask transformer (GSSMT) and gated spatial dynamic mask transformer (GSDMT) with residual network. The GSSMT and GSDMT evolve from the traditional transformer by making preferable modifications that include gated linear unit (GLU), multimask mechanism including static mask matrix (SMM) and dynamic mask matrix (DMM), and spatial attention (SA). Among them, GLU is to promote the performance of capturing spatial dependency, dynamicity, and heterogeneity due to advanced performance for controlling information flow through layers. Additionally, by developing multimask mechanism including two novel SMM and DMM, the proposed GSTMT can precisely model the static and dynamic spatial structure for effectively highlighting static dependency and dynamicity. And SA is injected for enhancing the ability of capturing spatial dependency of GSSMT and GSDMT. Secondly, we develop a dual‐branch gated temporal transformer (DBGTT) for capturing temporal dependency, heterogeneity, dynamicity, and periodicity via incorporating the GLU and mixed time series decomposition (MTD) into traditional transformer. Similarly, we also introduce the GLU for empowering DBGTT with capability of capturing temporal dependency, dynamicity, and heterogeneity. In addition, MTD, which brings dual‐branch mechanism, can enhance the DBGTT for capturing more detailed temporal information via exploiting global and periodic profile of traffic data. At last, some experiments, which are performed on several real‐world traffic datasets, demonstrate the better results over classic traffic forecasting methods.
DRRN: Differential rectification & refinement network for ischemic infarct segmentation
Authors: Zhou Wenxue , Yang Wenming , Liao Qingmin
Published: July 2024

Accurate segmentation of infarct tissue in ischemic stroke is essential to determine the extent of injury and assess the risk and choose optimal treatment for this life‐threatening disease. With the prior knowledge that asymmetric analysis of anatomical structures can provide discriminative information, plenty of symmetry‐based approaches have emerged to detect abnormalities in brain images. However, the inevitable non‐pathological noise has not been fully alleviated and weakened, leading to unsatisfactory results. A novel differential rectification and refinement network (DRRN) for the automatic segmentation of ischemic strokes is proposed. Specifically, a differential feature perception encoder (DFPE) is developed to fully exploit and propagate the bilateral quasi‐symmetry of healthy brains. In DFPE, an erasure‐rectification (ER) module is devised to rectify pseudo‐lesion features caused by non‐pathological noise through utilising discriminant features within the symmetric neighbourhood of the original image. And a differential‐attention (DA) mechanism is also integrated to fully perceive the differences in cross‐axial features and estimate the similarity of long‐range spatial context information. In addition, a crisscross differential feature reinforce module embedded with multiple boundary enhancement attention modules is designed to effectively integrate multi‐scale features and refine textual details and margins of the infarct area. Experimental results on the public ATLAS and Kaggle dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of DRRN over state‐of‐the‐arts.
The Influence of Organic-Inorganic Composite Solid Electrolytes on Electrochemical Performance in Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Chen Zhengdao , Wu Yingjun , Xu Can
Published: July 2024

Lithium batteries, as the most closely watched secondary batteries, exhibit outstanding performance. Nonetheless, the formation of lithium dendrites significantly compromises their safety and hampers further development. To mitigate the impact of lithium dendrites on batteries, solid-state lithium batteries have emerged, with solid electrolytes being of paramount importance. Traditional solid electrolytes are categorized into polymers, oxides, and sulfides. However, the inherent limitations of these materials impede their effectiveness. This study proposes a novel solid electrolyte consisting of organic and inorganic materials, aiming to harness the collective benefits of the two electrolyte types to improve the electrochemical performance of solid electrolytes. Empirical data from experiments on composite solid electrolytes, incorporating polyethylene oxide (PEO) with Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) and Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS), reveal that these organic-inorganic composite solid electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivity, reduced interface impedance, and an extensive electrochemical window. It demonstrates that organic-inorganic composite solid electrolytes combining polymers with oxides or sulfides can integrate the advantages of both, achieving electrolyte materials with superior electrochemical performance. Finally, the existing problems are discussed, and future research trends are anticipated.
Progress in the application of silicon-based anode nanotechnology in lithium batteries
Authors: Tang Jiajun
Published: July 2024

With the development of technology, graphite materials in traditional lithium batteries can no longer meet people’s needs due to their relatively low specific capacity, limited charging and discharging rates, and poor safety. Silicon has a very high theoretical specific capacity, far exceeding traditional graphite negative electrode materials, making silicon nanoparticles an ideal choice for improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, we first introduce the silicon nanoparticle anode and its preparation methods: mechanical ball milling, and thermal cracking, and introduce the application of binders in it. Secondly, the silicon nanowire anode and the chemical deposition method for its preparation are introduced, and the high-performance silicon nanowire lithium battery of Amprius is introduced. Thirdly, the preparation of silicon thin film anode and two types of composite film was introduced. Finally, the three types of silicon nano anodes are summarized and prospected. This paper has reference significance for the future research of silicon-based lithium-ion batteries.
Optimization strategy for metal lithium negative electrode interface in all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Zhou Guanyu
Published: July 2024

Lithium metal is a perfect anode material for lithium secondary batteries because of its low redox potential and high specific capacity. In the future, solid-state lithium batteries constructed with embedded lithium anodes, solid-state electrolytes, and lithium metal anodes are anticipated to power electric cars, robots, high-end electronics, aircraft, and other relevant technological industries. However, as a result of the uneven deposition and dissolution of lithium during the charging and discharging process, a large number of dendritic dendrites form on the lithium-electrolyte contact surface and grow along the electrolyte’s direction, ultimately resulting in an internal short circuit that causes the battery to fail. Although the development of lithium dendrites can be substantially inhibited by the use of solid electrolytes with high Young’s modulus, long cycle and safety criteria are still not met. Furthermore, high interfacial resistance and interfacial interaction between lithium metal and solid electrolyte are issues brought on by the solid-solid contact between the two materials, which substantially impedes the creation and use of solid-state lithium-metal batteries. This paper first explains the growth principle of lithium dendrites. Then, the optimization strategy of the negative electrode interface is introduced. Finally, the future development trend of solid-state lithium batteries is overlooked.
High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan
Published: July 2024

The quest for sustainable and efficient energy sources has intensified the exploration of alternative materials and technologies for photovoltaics. As an emerging thin-film photovoltaic technology, chalcogenide solar cells are unanimously at the forefront of research and development due to their excellent light-absorbing capacity, low manufacturing cost, simple structure, and remarkable photovoltaic conversion efficiency. First, this paper reviews the significant progress made in the development of high-efficiency chalcogenide solar cells, including the development of material compositions, device structures, and fabrication techniques that have propelled PSCs to achieve efficiencies over 25%. The paper then highlights innovative approaches in interface engineering, tandem cell configurations, and manufacturing methods that have contributed to the high-efficiency results. While emphasizing efficiency gains, the paper outlines stability challenges, recognizing their role in the practical application of PSC technology. Finally, the paper outlines promising research avenues and technological breakthroughs that could further enhance the efficiency and application of PSCs in the global energy mix, giving them the potential for a wide range of applications in photovoltaic power generation.
Carbon Dioxides Capture by Metal-Organic Frameworks Membranes and the Mixed-Matrix Membranes
Authors: Liu Xiaoxuan
Published: July 2024

The growing concern over carbon dioxide emissions has garnered substantial attention globally, as the relentless progression of technology continues to contribute to an increase in the production of this greenhouse gas. Consequently, the capture of carbon dioxide has emerged as a crucial mission to counteract the deleterious influences of climate change, which is exacerbated by the rising temperature across the world. This may also lead to various natural hazards, such as the melting of icebergs and the subsequent rise in sea levels. To address these issues, there is no denying the importance of the carbon dioxide capture process. This article will explore some of the methods of capturing carbon dioxide, including the utilization of metal-organic frameworks membranes and Mixed-Matrix Membranes, encompassing the design of such membranes and the strategies employed for their synthesis. To elucidate these techniques, the article will illustrate their processes through multiple examples and empirical findings, accompanied by relevant data.
The Role of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials in Making Electric Aircraft a Reality
Authors: Bai Junrui
Published: July 2024

As the aerospace industry seeks sustainable alternatives to traditional aviation, electric aircraft have emerged as a promising solution to reduce carbon emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. Central to this transition is the development and integration of advanced materials that enhance the performance and efficiency of these next-generation aircraft. Compound materials possess various significant abilities, including the capability to withstand fatigue, resist corrosion, and manufacture lightweight components with minimal compromise to reliability, among others. Nanocomposites constitute a subset of materials within compounds, recognized for their superior mechanical properties compared to standard composite materials. The utilization of nanocomposites in the aerospace sector is presently encountering a research gap, primarily in identifying future application scopes. This paper reviews the critical role of carbon fiber composites and nanocomposites in electric aviation, highlighting their transformative impact on aircraft design, battery integration, and overall sustainability. By offering unparalleled strength-to-weight ratios, superior thermal management, and innovative structural possibilities, these materials significantly advance the capabilities of electric aircraft. Furthermore, it discusses the advancements in material technology, including high-temperature composites, hybrid composites, and nanocomposite materials, and addresses the challenges and future directions in composite application. The paper underscores the pivotal role of composite materials in achieving a greener, more efficient, and technologically advanced aerospace industry, marking a significant step towards sustainable air transportation.
Modification strategy of silicon-based anode for lithium-ion battery
Authors: Gan Yuzhe , Huang Xiangyi , Jin Zihang
Published: July 2024

Lithium-ion batteries play an important role in dealing with the energy crisis, and their high energy density, fast charging, and discharging performance, long life, environmental protection, safety, and adaptability make them obvious advantages in the field of energy storage. The anode is an important component in lithium-ion batteries, and the selection and performance of anode materials directly affect the key indicators such as energy density, cycle life, and safety performance of the battery. As a new type of anode material, silicon-based anode material has the advantages of high specific capacity, which can greatly increase the storage capacity of the battery, and good fast-charging performance, which ensures the rapid charging and discharging of the battery. This paper firstly introduces three kinds of silicon-based anode materials with wide application potentials in many industries: nanometer Si, Si-C composite, and Si-metal composite, and then introduces three silicon anode modification strategies, namely binder, pre-lithiation, and electrolyte additives, and their application effects. Through these strategies, the advantage of the high specific capacity of silicon anode can be fully utilized, thus improving the energy density and cycle stability of lithium-ion batteries. Finally, the future applications and development directions of silicon-based materials and their modification strategies are summarized.
Impacts of climate change on sustainable agricultural development and adaptation countermeasures
Authors: Duan Chaoyi
Published: July 2024

Sustainable agricultural development is crucial for ensuring food security. However, climate change is increasingly affecting sustainable agricultural development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of climate change on sustainable agricultural development and sustainable agricultural technologies for adaptation to climate change. It first analyses the trends and characteristics of global climate change and the characteristics of climate change in China, highlighting the negative impacts of the increased frequency of extreme weather events on agricultural production. Subsequently, the negative impacts of climate change on crop production, water resource use and soil are examined in depth, and the challenges of climate change to sustainable agricultural development are comprehensively assessed. Finally, some feasible sustainable agricultural technologies to cope with climate change are proposed. For example, by adjusting the agricultural layout, locally appropriate crops can be grown at the appropriate time and climate. In addition, new seedlings with high adaptive capacity can be cultivated, and emphasis can be placed on growing high-quality crop varieties that are resistant to drought, high temperatures, pests and diseases, and adversity. It is also possible to strengthen farmland water conservancy infrastructure to improve the stability of crop production and the adaptive capacity of crops, and to better cope with global climate change.
Hazards of microplastics on marine ecosystems and response strategies
Authors: Yang Yi
Published: July 2024

Due to the progress of science and technology in various countries around the world, the problem of marine microplastics makes it impossible to continue ignoring them. Due to the incomplete knowledge of the hazards in microplastics and the lack of attention, research in this field is very scarce at present. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of research related to marine microplastics. Firstly, it introduces in detail the sources and classifications of marine microplastics and their migration process in the marine ecosystem. Then the hazards of microplastics to the marine ecosystem are divided into two parts: the impact on marine organisms and the impact on the marine environment are elaborated in detail. Finally, a series of management measures are proposed according to the hazardous characteristics of microplastics. It is hoped that this paper can contribute to the development of marine microplastic management in a better direction.
Multi-strategy study of environmental degradation of ibuprofen: From chemical catalysis to biological treatment
Authors: Wu Jinrui , Zhang Youyang , Zhou Yuhan
Published: July 2024

Ibuprofen, as one of the pharmaceuticals and personal care products, accumulates continuously in the environment with its increasing usage, posing pollution and potential threats to human health through various ways. Therefore, there is a pressing need to explore efficient methods for the degradation of ibuprofen. This paper primarily discusses current chemical and biological degradation approach of ibuprofen, explores the use of catalysts and degradation techniques in different degradation methods, and do comparative analysis of different degradation ways. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods in practice will be discussed and some problems which may encountered during the degradation process will be identified to provide references for further research on efficient degradation methods for ibuprofen.
A Categorization of the Global Fair-weather Electric Field According to Position and Weather Conditions
Authors: Liu Chaoyu , Meng Zizheng , Xia Tangzihan
Published: July 2024

Atmospheric electricity is an important branch of physics, which mainly studies various electrical phenomena occurring in the atmosphere and the action process of various parameters in the atmosphere. This paper categorizes and integrates research literature based on different spaces and weather conditions. It focuses on analyzing specific regions and meteorological activities and obtains important conclusions. There is a certain correlation between atmospheric electric field and geological conditions, aerosol concentration, and atmospheric particle concentration, among other influencing factors. The significance of studying atmospheric electricity is to improve people’s understanding of the charge distribution in the atmosphere and related electrical phenomena, help people better protect the environment, improve the quality of life, and lay the foundation for future scientific and technological development. This paper helps people understand the impact of changes in atmospheric electric fields on the atmospheric environmental system and monitor air quality through the characteristics of atmospheric electric fields, thereby improving technology in related fields.
Application of PETase in Plastic Biodegradation and Its Synthesis
Authors: Li Silin
Published: July 2024

As a versatile chemical material, plastic is widely used in all aspects of human society with its excellent performance, in the development process of plastics, due to its difficult to degrade characteristics, coupled with the initial formation of a control system, the harm of plastics to the environment is gradually revealed. The current global plastic crisis poses significant environmental challenges, impacting both human health and marine ecosystems. Plastic waste circulates worldwide, exacerbating the issue. Recent advancements in microbiological plastic degradation methods offer promising solutions. These approaches encompass modifying PETase enzymes, establishing a sustainable PETase synthesis platform, and reevaluating PETase variants for enhanced plastic degradation and heightened thermal stability within plant compost environments. Additionally, the implementation of pollution control measures across agriculture, industry, and governmental policies is crucial. This comprehensive study highlights strategies to bolster PETase efficiency, aligning with present environmental plastic degradation needs. It holds potential for combatting plastic pollution, promoting closed-loop plastic cycles, and charting a course for future research endeavors.
Classification of Urban Functional Zones Based on Multiple Data Sources
Authors: Liu Nian
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of cities, more and more people are flocking to them. Therefore, cities require good planning to meet the needs of all urban residents. The first step in planning a city is to classify the functional areas of the city. This article introduces a method for classifying urban functional areas in the context of rapid urban population growth, aiming to plan cities better and meet population needs. Based on remote sensing, social perception, and multi-source data, corresponding classification methods were explored, and their roles in urban functional area classification were analyzed. Research has found that focusing remote sensing images on local areas, utilizing social perception data uploaded by passersby, and complimentary use of multi-source data can all improve classification accuracy. The exploration of these methods helps to classify urban functional areas more accurately, providing a better basis for future urban development planning and alleviating the pressure brought by urban population growth.
A Study on the Typological Evolution and Renewal of Residential Buildings in the Historic Center of Macao
Authors: Su Yang
Published: July 2024

On July 15, 2005, the 29th General Assembly of the World Heritage List was held in South Africa. The Historic Centre of Macao was inscribed on the World Heritage List by Criteria C(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) of the Cultural Heritage Selection Criteria. However, the residential buildings located in the Historic Centre are mostly distributed in the buffer zone and are less studied. Most of the buildings in the Historic Centre are more than 40 years old, some even older, and many of them are facing architectural deterioration, lack of proper maintenance, and the phenomenon of unauthorized building structures. This paper will summarize the history of the development of residential buildings in Macao and provide recommendations for the renewal of residential buildings in the Historic District.
A Comparative Study on the Design and Challenges for All-Electric and Hybrid-Electric Aircraft
Authors: Gong Keming
Published: July 2024

Greenhouse gas (GHG) consumption from the combustion of jet fuel is already a key contributor to climate change. The amount of pollution is rising continuously as the demand for air travel rises consistently. The electrification of aircraft can reduce GHG emissions, but significant barriers are limiting the practical construction of full-electric aircraft and hybrid-electric aircraft. This paper analyzes the key design requirements of the architectures mentioned above by considering the propulsion system, energy storage, use of materials, structure design, and thermal management systems. The full-electric aircraft has a simpler structure but has limited performance because of the inferior energy density of contemporary batteries. The hybrid-electric aircraft can mitigate the energy density issue since an internal combustion engine supports the operation of its powertrain, but many adverse effects arise due to its complex structure. The difficulties of constructing full/hybrid electric aircraft are identified respectively and compared. Some of the advancements in technology that could be implemented in the electric aircraft are also described.
Research on targeted drug design based on computer technology
Authors: Xu Zishuo
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an insight into the importance and application of computer-aided drug design in today’s drug discovery and development. With the development of medicinal chemistry, molecular biology and proteomics, the synthesis and extraction pathways of many common drugs have been computer-assisted, which helps to optimize the reaction conditions, reduce the generation of waste and hazardous substances, and promote green synthesis and sustainable development. Scientists have conducted in-depth research on the pathogenesis of various diseases, especially in the field of oncology, where significant progress has been made. The intervention of computer technology in drug design and target search has accelerated the process of drug research and development and improved work efficiency. Meanwhile, the current progress of targeted drug research, traditional drug synthesis and target searching methods and computer-assisted target searching and drug design are introduced. Many targeted drugs have been applied in the clinic and shown good therapeutic effects, such as the application of EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Traditional drug synthesis routes are complex, while computer design of targeted drugs can be used to obtain the desired drugs more easily. The article also details the general process and software used for computer-aided drug design, including methods for simulating target finding, protein prediction, and more. Although computer-aided design has made significant progress in the development of targeted anticancer drugs, some challenges remain, such as problems with prediction accuracy, design speed, and multidisciplinary integration. However, the accuracy and efficiency of targeted drug design can be improved by integrating the latest computational models and algorithms. In the future, combining big data and machine learning technologies, computer-aided drug synthesis is expected to become an important tool for drug development, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects.
Role of Mediterranean Diet and Its Components on Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Liu Beijia
Published: July 2024

In recent years, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, coronary heart diseases, stroke and has increasingly become a major factor causing global mortality. Mediterranean diet is a good dietary pattern since it can prolong people’s life expectancy and help people eat in a healthier way. It is characterized by a large number of plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, seeds, nuts, legumes, olive oils, etc. In this paper, it is aimed to analyse current evidence of the relationship between the main components of Mediterranean diet and the risk of cardiovascular events in order to give an authoritative information on this relationship, reducing CVDs incidence and mortality. The study finally resulted in convincing evidence that Mediterranean diet is one of the good dietary habits to decrease the risk of all-cause cardiovascular mortality due to its specific components such as healthy omega-3 fatty acids, extra-virgin olive oil, polyphenols, and whole grains.
Flexible electronic devices for neural stimulation
Authors: Chen Siyu
Published: July 2024

Flexible electric devices (FEDs) function as invasive neural stimulation. FEDs contribute much in the biomedical field, potentiating many applications, including insight discovery of sensory processing and treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and depression. FEDs also facilitate deep brain stimulation (DBS), a method to deliver signals to specific targets in the brain, usually parts in the deep brain, including the brain nucleus, via implanted electrodes and spinal cord stimulation, typically for treating chronic pain. Besides biomedical applications, FEDs also have potential in the brain-machine interface (BMI) due to their ability to conform to neural structures, enabling precise and comfortable interfacing for enhanced control and communication between the brain and external technologies. In the review, the importance of selecting material for FEDs is illustrated at first. Then, several literatures are reviewed, demonstrating their contribution and significance in the field. Some applications of FEDs, namely, pain management and BMI, are also discussed. This review is valuable for researching FEDs for various aspects of neural stimulation by proposing recent works on manifold domains of FEDs and discussing their potential applications.
Biological Clock Rhythm Regulates Viral Resistance of Human Bodies
Authors: Li Xinbo
Published: July 2024

Virus has caused great distress to human health. Based on the lack of specific target sites and therapy of various viruses, this article highlights circadian rhythm, the biological clock that tells the body to do the correct thing according to the time, as a significant part in regulating human resistance to virus. Also, it summarizes how some core clock genes within human body regulate the intrusion and the replication of several kinds of viruses, together with the corresponding regulating methods to change the clock gene levels in dealing with the infection. After comparing the methods, it then comes to a conclusion which underlines the generality of REV-ERB in rejecting almost all of the viruses questioned. It regards applying REV-ERB enhancers like SR9009 and GSK4112 in a dose-dependent manner as an effective direction in designing relevant therapies. Besides, it puts circadian rhythm as an efficient researching direction for the later researches for other kinds of viruses.
Oncolytic virus enhanced CAR T cell therapy in killing solid tumors
Authors: Cao Wen
Published: July 2024

The application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells has received considerable attention lately, particularly in hematological malignancies. However, whether these altered T cells are therapeutically efficient in treating solid tumors remains unclear. There are some main challenges faced by CAR-T in the setting of solid cancers: identification, trafficking, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The effectiveness of CAR T cells relies heavily on their ability to migrate and infiltrate these tumors. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are unique in their ability to selectively invade and eradicate cancerous tissue. Additionally, OVs stimulate the body’s innate immune response and activate tumor-targeted adaptive immune responses, further enhancing their effectiveness in combating cancer. As a result, they exert an influence on T cell movement inside the TME and the performance of effector cells. This review examines the ramifications of incorporating OVs and CAR T cells for solid tumor therapy, while also considering the most recent findings. Furthermore, the integration of OVs with CAR T cells has shown the ability to increase the cytotoxicity of CAR T cells towards solid tumor cells. Thus, combining OVs and CAR T cell treatment may prove to be a potent tactic in combating T cell metastasis and invasion in solid tumours. Additionally, this approach exhibits vast potential for application.
The effects of PIK3CA mutations on cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuyi
Published: July 2024

Cervical cancer is one of the major problems affecting women’s health worldwide. Dysregulation of cellular signalling pathways, PI3K-Akt axis, in particular, may be linked to the development and malignant metastasis of cervical cancer. PIK3CA gene codes a catalytic subgroup of phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase A (PI3K-A), which is an essential element in PI3K-Akt pathway. However, the particular function of the PI3K-Akt axis in cervical cancer remains unclear. Mutations of PIK3CA in cervical cancer may be correlated with disease progression. Mutant PIK3CA may activate PI3K-AKT-mTOR and PIK3CA-E545K-SIRT4 signalling pathways, which in turn promotes cell propagation, invasion, and metastasis. Thus, the potential therapeutic approaches for targeting PIK3CA to treat cervical cancer have been studied, including several commercial inhibitors such as Buparlisib, Alpelisib, Dactolisib, etc. This review outlines the function of mutant PIK3CA and places special emphasis on the potential for targeting the PI3K-Akt axis as well as the effectiveness of PIK3CA inhibition as a treatment for cervical cancer. Clarification of the mechanism and clinical relevance of PIK3CA mutation-induced cervical cancer is still needed.
Tumor-targeting nanomedical drug delivery system and the application in oral cancer
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Deng Huidan
Published: July 2024

Oral cancer is a serious threat to human health diseases. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery and immunotherapy have become the four conventional treatment methods for tumors, and chemotherapy plays an important role. However, due to poor selectivity of chemotherapeutic drugs to tumors, most antitumor chemotherapeutic drugs cannot completely avoid damage to normal tissues in clinic at present, so dose-dependent toxicity is common. Nano-drugs have special physical, chemical and biological propertie. The nano drug particles and the nano drug loading system can improve the sensitivity of tumor tissues to chemotherapy, improve the selectivity of chemotherapy drugs to tumor tissue cells, and protect normal tissues from the damage of chemotherapy so as to reduce toxic and side effects, and are increasingly used for tumor treatment. In this paper, the mechanism of action of four drug delivery methods and the efficiency of different drug delivery methods are reviewed, and the application of nano-targeted DDS in the treatment of oral cancer is listed.
Theories of Alzheimer’s disease: Amyloid hypothesis, blood-brain barrier hypothesis and cholinergic hypothesis
Authors: Liu JingMing , Yang BoYi , Zhang XingShu
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the biggest drain on society’s resources in the developed world. AD accounts for between 60 and 80 percent of dementia cases in older persons, making it the most prevalent cause of dementia. This paper analyzes three theories and experiments about AD, which are amyloid hypothesis, blood-brain barrier (BBB) hypothesis and cholinergic hypothesis. The amyloid hypothesis suggests that cognitive decline in patients is caused by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), which creates plaques that block the efficient transmission of neuronal signals. The BBB hypothesis suggests that the breakdown of the integrity of the BBB allows harmful substances and immune cells to enter the brain, causing inflammation and neuronal damage, which leads to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s patients. The cholinergic hypothesis proposes that AD is caused by the nervous system’s reduced production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Capacitive Flexible Pressure Sensors and Their Application
Authors: Gan Tiantian
Published: July 2024

Because of their importance in obtaining information from people and automatic equipment, flexible pressure sensors (FPS) have been widely used in diverse fields such as electronic skin, soft robots, consumer electronics, health monitoring, and human-computer interaction. Among all kinds of soft pressure sensors, capacitance pressure sensor is characterized by its simple construction, low cost, and stable performance. Although this type of pressure sensor is easily made, it is still a hotspot to increase the sensitivity and extend the efficiency of the system. This paper reviews the related research on flexible capacitive pressure sensors, including working mechanism, capacitor structures, methods to improve the performance of capacitive sensors, and applications. Finally, a comparison is made between the efficient approaches for achieving high-sensitivity, and the developing tendency of flexible capacitance sensor is predicted.The purpose of this thesis is to offer some useful information for the study of highly sensitive and highly sensitive materials for manufacturing flexible capacitive sensors.
Prevention and treatment of essential hypertension by dietary nutrition
Authors: Huang Xiongfeng
Published: July 2024

A type of prevalent and frequent cardiovascular illness that cannot be disregarded is essential hypertension. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the critical role that dietary nutrition plays in the prevention and management of essential hypertension. This article’s goal is to explore how food and nutrition relate to the prevention and management of essential hypertension.It has been discovered via the synthesis and analysis of several literature research that sensible dietary practices, nutrient consumption, and essential hypertension are closely related. When it comes to the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension, a reasonable and balanced diet can significantly improve patients’ physical function, nutritional status, and ability to tolerate their medications. There have been an increasing number of research in recent years on dietary nutrition’s role in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. In order to examine the precise mechanism and the most effective dietary nutrition approach in the prevention and treatment of hypertension, this study will use this as the research object and literature research methodology.
Scintigraphie, IRM, scanner dans le diagnostic des boiteries : quelle technique choisir, quand et comment référer ?
Authors: Terlinden Antoinette , Audigié Fabrice , Bertoni Lélia
Published: July 2024

Les affections locomotrices sont l’une des principales causes de réduction de performance et de réforme des athlètes équins. Un diagnostic topographique et lésionnel précoce, complet et précis est indispensable afin d’assurer une prise en charge rapide et optimale de l’affection pour en limiter les conséquences sur le long terme et en établir le pronostic. Les différentes techniques d’imagerie font partie des outils diagnostiques disponibles. Outre la radiographie et l’échographie, techniques de routine offrant une grande complémentarité, l’imagerie vétérinaire a considérablement évolué ces dernières décennies et l’on dispose actuellement de techniques d’imagerie avancée telles que la scintigraphie, la tomodensitométrie (TDM) appelée scanner, l’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) et la tomographie par émission de positrons (PET) [1–3, 11–12]. Plus coûteuses et moins accessibles, elles sont cependant en train de se démocratiser rapidement et permettent d’établir un diagnostic quand la radiographie et l’échographie ne le permettent pas, de préciser le pronostic de lésions et d’en suivre l’évolution dans le temps pour limiter les risques de récidive lors de la reprise de l’exercice. En raison de leurs caractéristiques techniques intrinsèques, ces modalités présentent chacune des avantages et des limites diagnostiques qui les rendent plus ou moins indiquées en fonction de la situation clinique.
Fiche technique: Comment bien anesthésier l’insertion proximale du ligament suspenseur ?
Authors: Paindaveine Charlotte
Published: July 2024

Les boiteries sont fréquentes chez les chevaux de sport et peuvent être notamment dues à des desmites proximales du ligament suspenseur du boulet, avec un pronostic de retour au sport inférieur pour les atteintes aux membres postérieurs (69 %) par rapport aux antérieurs (80 %). Les symptômes varient de légers à modérés, rarement sévères. Les anesthésies sémiologiques des nerfs sont essentielles pour localiser la douleur. Différentes techniques d’anesthésie sont utilisées pour diminuer la sensibilité de la région concernée, y compris l’analgésie du nerf palmaire latéral (technique de Wheat), l’infiltration directe à l’origine du ligament et l’analgésie autour du nerf au niveau de l’os accessoire du carpe (approche médiale, ou technique de Castro). Pour les antérieurs, cette approche médiale est la moins risquée. Pour les postérieurs, deux techniques principales sont employées : celle de Hugues et celle de Gayle, chacune avec ses propres méthodes d’insertion d’aiguille et de dosage. Une infiltration directe est également utilisée pour anesthésier l’origine du ligament suspenseur. En conclusion, de multiples techniques existent pour l’anesthésie de l’origine du ligament suspenseur, mais celles de Castro pour les antérieurs et de Hugues pour les postérieurs sont privilégiées pour leur précision.