bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Roles of the Human against the Background of Contemporary Screen Space
Authors: Mishchenko Maryna
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze maintenance, essence and types of roles of a man formed within the limits of virtual screen space. These scientific searches seem actual as a role-play behaviour of a man in the real society and newly changed virtual reality differs substantially, that, in turn, influences on the evolution of modern culture and art processes of a modern state.
Results. The paper shows that the rich in the content constituent of virtual screen space formed exceptionally at the active voice of man effects on the processes of one’s personal authentication.
The paper clarifies that for the purposes of this research, it has considered more generally as a set of self-manifesting displays of the self, depending on the needs, interests and individual characteristics of a particular person.
Novelty. The author argued that the following criteria should be taken into account when forming a typology of a person’s social roles within the virtual screen space: the purpose that the person pursues; one’s own assessment of self, one’s capabilities and achievements; those forms of interpersonal interaction that one chooses over the Internet.
Modern Models of Intercultural Communication: From the Modern to the Postmodern, From the Postmodern to the Neo-modern
Authors: Bilchenko Yevheniia
Published: March 2020

The article deals with a comparative analysis of three key models of intercultural communication that have developed in the contemporary culturological discourse – dialogical, phenomenological, and critical ones. The first is identified as modern, the second is as postmodern, and the third is as neo-modern. The dialogical model is characterized by an orientation to the ontological presence of the Other as a source of self-identification. In its maximum manifestation, it leads to universalism and unification in globalism. The phenomenological model is characterized by an orientation to the ontic presence of the Other as an imaginary image. In its maximum manifestation, it leads to particularism and relativization in multiculturalism. Globalism and multiculturalism, as patterns of modernity and postmodernity, are seen as different manifestations of one concept of Western rationality, modernity, which leads to the repression of the Other. A radical break with modernity is the critical theory (Freudo-Marxism), which declares the ontological absence of the Other as the basic existential trauma of the subject in the symbolic field of culture. Through the prism of the critical model, the dialogic and phenomenological models of the Other are interpreted as projections of the desires of Ego and are deconstructed toward the detection of the original trauma. Overcoming this trauma should contribute to the removal of typical oppositions of Western society.
SUBSTANTIATION OF INDICATIONS AND CHOICE OF A METHOD OF TREATMENT OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES CONSIDERING DISTURBANCES IN PHLEBOHEMODYNAMICS
Authors: Boyko V.V. , Taraban I.A. , Prasol V.O. , Oklei D.V.
Published: March 2020

Summary. The results of the examination of 514 patients with acute deep extremity vein thrombosis using ultrasound and angiographic methods are presented. Depending on the localization of thrombosis and its embolic safety, optimal methods of surgical treatment and indications for their use were identified. The method of treatment of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities also depended on the state of regional venous flow. In the case of thrombotic occlusion of two or more venous segments, the only method of treatment for the restoration of the main and improvement of collateral blood flow remained operative.
Factores asociados a violencia de género en mujeres del centro poblado de la esperanza, Huánuco
Authors: Leiva Yaro Amalia Veronica
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: describir los factores que se encuentran asociados a la violenciade género. Métodos: se ha efectuado una investigación observacional,transversal, prospectivo y de diseño correlacional conformado por unamuestra de 333 mujeres del Centro poblado La Esperanza, Amarilis, Huánuco,durante el periodo 2018. Se empleó una escala en la recolección de datos. Enel análisis inferencial se empleó la prueba de Chi cuadrada de independencia.Resultados: en general, el 81,7 % (272 mujeres) manifestó haber sido objetode violencia leve, el 12,3 % (41 mujeres) de violencia moderada y el 6 % (20mujeres) de violencia severa. Asimismo, el 6 %, el 8,1 %, el 9,9 % y el 13,5 %de las mujeres experimentaron violencia severa de tipo física, psicológica,sexual y económica, respectivamente. Por otro lado, el 8,4 % (28 mujeres)estuvieron expuestas a factores sociales, el 5,4 % (18 mujeres) a factoresculturales y el 2,7 % (9 mujeres) a factores personales. Siendo que los factoressociales, culturales y personales están asociados signifcativamente a laviolencia de género, todas con p ≤ 0,05. Conclusiones: los factores sociales,culturales y personales están asociados a la violencia de género en mujeresen el centro poblado de La Esperanza, Amarilis - Huánuco.
Accidente cerebro vascular y dominancia cerebral en pobladores que habitan a gran altitud
Authors: Romero Córdova José Antonio , Díaz Lazo Aníbal Valentín
Published: March 2020

Objetivo. Determinar las características clínico-epidemiológicas del ACV y elhemisferio dominante en pobladores que habitan a gran altitud. Métodos.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal, de abril a julio2016. Se incluyó 28 (100 %) pacientes con ACV diagnosticados por exámenesde imágenes. Resultados. 19 pacientes (67,8 %) fueron mujeres y el 85,7 %(24) mayores de 60 años. El 53,5 % (15) presentaron ACV isquémico y 47,5 %(13) tuvieron ACV hemorrágico. Los factores asociados al ACV fueron: edadmayor a 60 años, nivel socioeconómico bajo, hipertensión arterial y sermujer. En 20 pacientes (71,4 %) estuvo comprometido el hemisferio derecho,mientras que en 8 pacientes (28,6 %) estuvo el hemisferio izquierdo. Casi enla mitad de los pacientes la localización anatómica fue en los ganglios basales(42,9 %). La preferencia manual diestra se encontró en el 75 %, seguido de lapreferencia manual ambidiestra (25 %). Conclusiones. El hemisferio cerebralderecho, al no ser dominante, fue el más afectado; encontrándose mayorfrecuencia de diestros en comparación a los ambidiestros, en una relación de3:1. Pero la frecuencia de los ambidiestros fue mayor a nivel de la altura enrelación a los que habitan a nivel del mar.
PERANCANGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA
Authors: Ima Rochimawati
Published: March 2020

Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menyusun laporan ini yaitu menggunakan beberapa pendekatan dengan membuat prototyping dalam bentuk maket melalui beberapa tahap yaitu tahap Planning dan Desain dan Analisa Kebutuhan. Pada tahap planning penulis membuat sebuah perencanaan siteplan prototype sebelum tahap analisan dan selanjutnya. Dari hasil pembahasan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan Perencanaan, Desain dan Analisa Kebutuhan didapat bahwa untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik di Kabupaten Demak dengan jumlah  10.000 unit rumah, power house, penerangan umum dan Industri dibutuhkan listrik 30 MW. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan itu maka diperlukan  400.000 panel surya, 375.000 baterai,10.000 buah charge controller dengan kapasitas 300 Ampere dan 167 Buah inverter dengan kapasitas 15 Kw. Untuk kebutuhna tersebut diatas maka dibutuhkan anggaran biaya USD 60,000,000.00 (Enam Puluh Juta United States Dollar).
Motif dan Kebebasan Berekspresi dalam Meme
Authors: Jabbar Ahmad Kamal Abdul
Published: March 2020

Saat ini meme tengah menjadi tren ditengah masyarakat digital. Kerap dianggap sebagai media humor belaka, meme nyatanya bisa membuat sesuatu yang sederhana mendadak menjadi terkenal. Hal ini menunjukkan betapa masifnya jumlah pengguna dan penikmat meme. Lantas apa yang menjadi motif kegemaran itu dan bagaimana saja cara mereka mengekspresikan kecintaannya pada meme. Hasil riset menyatakan ada 3 motif besar mengapa para pengguna meme begitu menyukainya. Ketiganya adalah motif pengalihan, motif identitas personal, dan motif eksistensi diri. Cara mereka mengekspresikan diri dalam ber-meme terbagi atas 3, yakni ekspresi aktif dimana pengguna secara aktif membuat meme dan menyebarkannya. Kedua adalah ekspresi semi-aktif dimana para pengguna hanya menikmati meme yang sudah ada dan membagikannya ulang. Ketiga ialah ekspresi pasif dimana pengguna hanya mengonsumsi meme murni hanya untuk diri mereka sendiri tanpa aksi mengkreasikan ulang atau hanya sekedar berbagi.
Pengaruh Terpaan Tayangan Youtube “Londokampung” Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Bahasa Suroboyoan pada Subscribers di Surabaya
Authors: Herdono Ismojo , Arinda
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh tayangan Youtube “londokampung” terhadap tingkat pengetahuan bahasa Suroboyoan pada subscribers di Surabaya. Tayangan “londokampung” membahas kebudayaan yang ada di Surabaya dan penyampaiannya menggunakan bahasa Suroboyoan. Yang membuat menarik dari tayangan tersebut yakni konten kreator dari “londokampung” merupakan warga negara Australia bernama Dave Jepchott, ia begitu fasih dalam pengucapan maupun penulisan dengan bahasa Suroboyoan.  Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada subscribers Youtube “londokampung” dengan sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah “Regresi Liner Sederhana” untuk mengetahui kuat rendahnya hubungan pengaruh antara suatu tayangan di Youtube dengan penontonnya. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 16.0.  Hasil dari penelitian ini mendapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengaruh menonton tayangan Youtube “londokampung” dengan tingkat pengetahuan bahasa Suroboyoan pada subscribers di Surabaya. berdasrkan hasil analisis korelasi dan regresi liner sederhana bhawa variabel pengaruh tayangan Youtube “londokampung” memiliki hubungan signifikasi dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0.581 terhadap variabel pengetahuan bahasa Suroboyoan pada subscribers bernilai sedang. Nilai korelasi pada penelitian ini berada pada interval koefisien antara 0,400-0,599.
Role of Radio Programs in Agricultural Development Schemes in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Emovwodo Silas Oghenemaro
Published: March 2020

This research attempts to study the role of radio programming on agricultural development schemes in Osun State, Nigeria, with Osun State Broiler Outgrower Production Scheme (OBOPS) And Rural Enterprise and Agricultural Programme (O-REAP) as case study as well as radio’s involvement in agriculture, with a review of an indigenous agricultural program, Aroko Bodunde, broadcast on the Osun State Broadcasting Corporation, Orisun FM, 89.5, Ile-Ife, a community radio station. Powerful-Effect Model and Agenda Setting Theory served as the framework for this study while adopting the descriptive survey of research. Findings revealed that radio programming role in the development of agriculture cannot be overemphasized, as the messages conveyed via the radio wave has helped to increase awareness, inform, enlighten, educate as well as encourage and mobilize listeners to embrace agriculture. Furthermore, findings showed that Orisun FM, 89.5, had a positive influence on listeners which enhanced the development of OBOPS and O-REAP agricultural schemes. It was therefore recommended that governments at all levels in Nigeria should employ community radios in quickening the pace of agricultural development and schemes as radio has proven to be adequately appropriate in giving impetus for the development of all kinds at any level.
Konstruksi Makna Iklan “Gojek Mempersembahkan: Cerdikiawan”
Authors: Sitanggang Asima
Published: March 2020

Tanda merupakan bahasa yang memiliki makna sesuai dengan kesepakatan atau hasil konstruksi sosial dan budaya. Iklan “Gojek mempersembahkan: Cerdikiawan” mencoba menyampaikan makna-makna tertentu dalam visualisasi, audio, narasi dan tagline. Menggunakan metode analisa semiotika Roland Barthes, penulis menemukan beberapa konstruksi makna Cerdikiawan yang terkandung dalam iklan berdurasi 60 detik ini. Iklan ini mengkonstruksikan “cerdikiawan” sebagai: (1) seseorang yang memiliki kemampuan atau pandai menggunakan alat-alat yang ada untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan; (2) kemampuan menggunakan alat yang murah untuk hasil yang maksimal; (3) keahlian menerobos segala rintangan dan banyak permasalahan dalam satu waktu dengan satu cara yang sederhana; (4) memiliki konsistensi dalam tindakan sehari-hari dan terus meningkat dari waktu ke waktu; (5) seseorang yang setia menggunakan aplikasi karya anak bangsa.
Hijabers Community: an Effort to Create Feminine Space
Authors: Putri Aisyiyah
Published: March 2020

This paper focuses on the phenomenon of urban society that tends not to give place to women, especially Muslim women wearing veils. This condition leads to the efforts of a group of Moslem women to create their own space, known as the concept of feminine space. Advances in information technology and communications make this movement gains momentum. Through virtual media, namely Facebook and Twitter, this movement proceeds to create a community of women with hijabs (Hijabers Community). HC community has a mission to change the public perspective that the hijab represents traditionality into a different view that women with hijabs are modern, fashionable, and dynamic. This work aimed to reveal that HC is more than a virtual community, it is a movement as these women attempt to get space in urban society. The writer interviews the initiators of Hijabers Community, to find out how they describe themselves, how they perceive the surrounding environment, and how they view the relationship between them and other groups in urban society.
Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Tewasnya Perawat Razan Najjar di Media BBC Indonesia dan CNN Indonesia
Authors: Sintia Cahya Ningrum
Published: March 2020

Kasus kerusuhan Israel — Palestina belum juga menemukan titik terang. Belum lagi baru-baru İni telah terjadİ penembakan perawat Palestina hingga tewas saat melaksanakan tugas di daerah perbatasan Gaza. Penelitian ini mengkaji berita penembakan perawat Palestina Razan al — Najjar di media BBC Indonesia dan CNN Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik analisis framiııg dengan teori Zhongdang and Kosicki untuk menganalİsİsnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh hasil bahwa BBC Indonesia tidak memberitakan berita yang belum terbukti kebenaran informasinya. Sedangkan CNN Indonesia cukup rincİ menjelas satu persatu permasalahan dan perkembangan mengenai kasus penembakan perawat sukarela Palestina Razan al — Najjar bahkan hingga mengenai terduga pembunuh yang ternyata hanya berita hoaks.
ERDVINIŲ GEODEZINIŲ KOORDINAČIŲ TRANSFORMAVIMO ALGORITMU TIKSLUMAS
Authors: Skeivalas Jonas
Published: March 2020

Straipsnyje analizuojamas erdvinių geodezinių koordinačių, gautų transformuojant jas iš vienos koordinačių sistemos į kitą,
tikslumas. Transformavimo parametrų reikšmės apskaičiuojamos mažiausiųjų kvadratų metodu. Transformavimo parametrų bei transformuotų į naująją
koordinačių sistemą taškų erdvinių koordinačių tikslumas nustatomas atsižvelgiant į identiškų taškų koordinačių abiejose sistemose tikslumą.
Ligšiolinėse egzistuojančiose transformavimo parametrų tikslumo įvertinimo formulėse atsižvelgiama tik į naujosios sistemos identiškų taškų
koordinačių tikslumą. Nustatyta, kad į naująją sistemą transformuotų erdvinių koordinačių tikslumas yra mažesnis už senosios sistemos koordinačių
tikslumą. Pateikiamos formulės transformavimo parametrų ir transformuotų erdvinių koordinačių kovariacijų matricoms bei jų įverčiams skaičiuoti.
Gaia RR Lyrae Stars in Nearby Ultra-faint Dwarf Satellite Galaxies
Authors: Vivas A. Katherina , Martínez-Vázquez Clara , Walker Alistair R.
Published: March 2020

We search for RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) in 27 nearby (<100 kpc) ultra-faint dwarf satellite galaxies using the Gaia DR2 catalog of RRLs. Based on proper motions, magnitudes, and location on the sky, we associate 47 Gaia RRLs with 14 different satellites. Distances based on RRLs are provided for those galaxies. We have identified RRLs for the first time in the Tucana II dwarf galaxy, and find additional members in Ursa Major II, Coma Berenices, Hydrus I, Bootes I, and Bootes III. In addition we have identified candidate extra-tidal RRLs in six galaxies, which suggests they may be undergoing tidal disruption. We found 10 galaxies have no RRLs either in Gaia or in the literature. However, given the known completeness of Gaia DR2 we cannot conclude these galaxies indeed lack variable stars of this type.
Penser la protection de l’environnement en temps de guerre : les apports de la tradition de la guerre juste
Authors: Estève Adrien
Published: March 2020

La reconnaissance de l’environnement comme victime de guerre, à la suite de l’engagement américain au Vietnam, a stimulé l’étude de l’impact environnemental des conflits modernes au niveau international et son inscription dans le droit international humanitaire. Pourtant, à de rares exceptions près, l’éthique de la guerre accorde peu d’attention à cette dimension de la conflictualité, alors même que les auteurs de la tradition de la guerre juste ont été parmi les premiers à l’intégrer dans leurs traités moraux, dès la fin du 15e siècle. Dans cet article, il s’agit de montrer que ces auteurs justifient la protection de l’environnement en temps de guerre de manière utilitariste et conséquentialiste, mais aussi que l’éthique de la vertu complète de manière efficace ces arguments. Ce travail suppose de s’intéresser tour à tour aux différents critères moraux que cette tradition pose dans le cadre du jus in bello  : la discrimination, la proportionnalité, le dernier recours et le double effet.
« Geste dialogué » et prévention des TMS
Authors: Simonet Pascal , Caroly Sandrine
Published: March 2020

La relation entre la réalisation des gestes au travail et les Troubles Musculo-Squelettiques (TMS) est maintenant bien établie. Tant pour l’ergonomie francophone que pour la perspective Clinique de l’activité en psychologie du travail, le défi méthodologique d’une intervention en milieu de travail consiste à créer les conditions d’expression et d’examen de ressources pour développer des actions favorables à la santé. Dans un cadre approprié, lorsque les gestes ordinaires au travail peuvent être transformés en « gestes dialogués » grâce à des débats professionnels au sein d’un collectif de pairs et plus largement entre décideurs et managers, alors des alternatives de transformations possibles émergent. Notre proposition est basée sur une recherche dans le métier de fossoyeur sur l’activité de démolition de pierres tombales. Cette intervention nous permet de suggérer que le « geste dialogué » est un instrument psychosocial et psychomoteur qui favorise le développement du geste de métier et sa formation pour la prévention des TMS. Le développement potentiel des gestes de métier nécessite de s’interroger sur les liens entre l’engagement du corps dans l’activité, les problèmes organisationnels à résoudre et la santé au travail.
Atopic Dermatitis: Update on Pathogenesis and Therapy
Authors: de la O-Escamilla Norma Olivia , Sidbury Robert
Published: March 2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin condition in pediatric patients. AD has long been associated with comorbidities including food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, but recent literature has expanded this list to include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression. AD has tremendous impact on quality of life for both affected children and their families. Improved understanding of AD pathogenesis, particularly regarding skin barrier dysfunction, the role of the cutaneous microbiome, and immune dysregulation, has spawned exciting new therapeutic directions. Although good skin care and appropriate use of topical corticosteroids remain first-line treatment, more precisely targeted treatments hold great promise. A recently approved topical phosphodiesterase inhibitor, crisaborole, and a subcutaneously administered interleukin-4/interleukin-13 blocker, dupilumab, are the first of what will likely be many new treatment options for patients with AD.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(3):e140–e146.]
The Effect of Hydrogen Concentration on Chemical Vapour Deposition Synthesis of β-Ga2O3 Nanostructures
Authors: Jubu Peverga Rex , Yam Fong Kwong , Ahemen Iorkyaa
Published: March 2020

Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) nanostructures (NSs) have been successfully obtained through a simple scalable synthesis via thermal evaporation of gallium (III) oxide powder in hydrogen-ambient chemical vapour deposition (HACVD) without the presence of carrier gas. β-Ga2O3 was deposited on Si substrate by evaporating the source material at 1000 C in a regulated hydrogen reducing atmosphere, for 120 min growth time. Hydrogen ambient was regulated by varying the flow to observed changes in the morphological, structural and optical properties of films. The samples were characterized using high resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The density and quality of NSs was observed to increase with hydrogen gas supply. The rarely reported 1) dominant XRD peak of β-Ga2O3 was obtained in the event of eliminating the carrier gas which is part of the usual recipe for CVD technique. The average crystallite size and energy gap of the synthesized material was found to decrease with increased hydrogen flow rate from 176.5 to 39.8 nm and 5.47 to 4.83 eV, respectively.
Morphological and Structural Properties of Sol-Gel Derived ZnO Thin Films Spin-Coated on Different Substrates
Authors: Kasim Nabihah , Hassan Zainuriah , Lim Way Foong , Mohammad Sabah M. , Quah Hock Jin
Published: March 2020

In this work, ZnO thin films were prepared by the low-cost sol-gel deposition method onto six different substrates (glass, ITO coated glass, sapphire (Al2O3), p-Si, p-GaN and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) to study the effects of these substrates on the morphological and structural properties of the produced films. Precursor solution is Zinc acetate dihydrate based dissolved in ethanol with monoethanolamine (C2H7NO) added to act as a stabilizing agent to the sol. The corresponding ZnO thin films were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results revealed distinct morphological and structural properties of ZnO thin films deposited on each substrate. The most uniform morphology was identified on glass, owing to the acquisition of the averagely stable grain sizes (58 nm – 61 nm) and thin film thicknesses (280 nm – 325 nm). High resolution XRD analysis showed that the films deposited on glass, ITO, p-Si, and p-GaN were attributed to hexagonal crystallite structures while the films deposited on sapphire and PET substrates exhibited amorphous phases. Amongst the samples, the ZnO thin film spin coated on p-Si demonstrated preferred orientation in (002) direction.
Spin Coated CuO with Different Additives (PEG) Value Thin Film: Physical, Structural, Optical and Electrical Characteristics of CuO/PEG
Authors: Abdul Rahman Rohanieza , Zulkefle Muhammad AlHadi , Muhammad Kamar Nur Syaza , Mohamad Zulfakri , Herman Sukreen Hana , Alip Rosalena Irma
Published: March 2020

This study presents an investigation on copper oxide (CuO) composited with polyethylene glycol (PEG) thin film. The main objective for this compositing thin film is to explore and determine the characteristic of the thin film when the value of PEG is varied. In this study, PEG plays a role as phase change material (PCM), where this type of material has the capability to absorb and release heat based on its surrounding condition. Due to this characteristic, the amount of PEG is vary from 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ml to confirm its influence towards CuO thin film. As for comparison, CuO thin film without PEG is also fabricated. Both of the materials used were prepared using sol-gel route and deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using spin coating method. The influences of the PEG values on CuO thin film were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultra-violet visible microscope (UV-Vis), and current-voltage (IV) measurement. Based on the investigation conducted, the characteristics of CuO thin film produced in this study are affected with the different value of PEG.
Cryptorchidism in Children with Zika-Related Microcephaly
Authors: de Vasconcelos Rômulo A. L. , Ximenes Ricardo A. A. , Calado Adriano A. , Martelli Celina M. T. , Gonçalves Andreia V. , Brickley Elizabeth B. , de Araújo Thalia V. B. , Wanderley Rocha Maria Angela , Miranda-Filho Demócrito de B.
Published: March 2020

The genitourinary tract was recently identified as a potential site of complications related to the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). We provide the first report of a series of cryptorchidism cases in 3-year-old children with Zika-related microcephaly who underwent consultations between October 2018 and April 2019 as part of the follow-up of the children cohort of the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group, Pernambuco, Brazil. Of the 22 males examined, eight (36.4%) presented with cryptorchidism. Among 14 undescended testis cases, 11 (78.6%) could be palpated in the inguinal region. Seven of the eight children had severe microcephaly. Conventional risk factors for cryptorchidism were relatively infrequent in these children. We hypothesize that cryptorchidism is an additional manifestation of CZS present in children with severe microcephaly. As in our cases, for most of the children, the testes were located in the inguinal region, and the possible mechanisms for cryptorchidism were gubernaculum disturbance or cremasteric abnormality.
An Approach to Verification of Interference Concerns for Multicore Systems (CAST-32A)
Authors: VanderLeest Steven H. , Evripidou Christos
Published: March 2020

The avionics industry is moving towards the use of multicore systems to meet the demands of modern avionics applications. In multicore systems, interference can affect execution timing behavior, including worst case execution time (WCET), as identified in the FAA CAST-32A position paper. Examining and verifying the effects of interference is critical in the production of safety-critical avionics software for multicore architectures. Multicore processor hardware along with aerospace RTOS providers increasingly offers robust partitioning technologies to help developers mitigate the effects of interference. These technologies enable the partitioning of cores for different applications at different criticalities and make it possible to run multiple applications on one specific core. When incorporated into system-design considerations, these partitioning mechanisms can be used to reduce the effects of interference on software performance. In this paper we describe a novel approach to verifying the effectiveness of RTOS interference mitigation on the final hosted software. We showcase the use of the proposed approach on the NXP T2080 multicore board. The approach follows a V-model based methodology in which high- and low-level requirements for the analysis are defined before designing and implementing tests and producing verification results using the Rapita Verification Suite. Tests are supported by multicore interference generators called RapiDaemons that create a configurable degree of contention on shared resources. This provides an assessment of the robustness of the system by identifying and quantifying any remaining interference on the partitioned system, thus demonstrating that interference is bounded and thereby providing evidence of WCET to certification authorities. The presented results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed approach to independent verification of multicore interference mitigation.
AFP Processing of Dry Fiber Carbon Materials (DFP) for Improved Rates and Reliability
Authors: Assadi Michael , Field Tyler
Published: March 2020

Automated fiber placement of pre-impregnated (pre-preg), thermoset carbon materials has been industrialized for decades whereas dry-fiber carbon materials have only been produced at relatively low rates or volumes for large aerospace structures. This paper explores the differences found when processing dry-fiber, thermoset, carbon materials (DFP) as compared to processing pre-preg, thermoset materials with Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) equipment at high rates. Changes to the equipment are required when converting from pre-preg to dry fiber material processing. Specifically, the heating systems, head controls, and tow tension control all must be enhanced when transitioning to DFP processes. Although these new enhancements also require changes in safety measures, the changes are relatively small for high performance systems.

Processing dry fiber material requires a higher level of heating, tension control and added safety measures. However, once these are achieved, processing rates and reliability may be significantly improved for DFP versus traditional pre-preg AFP processing. Overall payout speeds as well as steering speeds can be increased for dry fiber resulting in increased laydown rates when using current AFP processing techniques. The lack of resin within the material greatly reduces resin build-up, which supports longer maintenance intervals and greater reliability by minimizing or eliminating the problems associated with resin build-up. The controlled emission area and fast response time of precision heating systems greatly reduce unwanted heat on surrounding areas and increase process performance. In addition to DFP, further developments in the heating system have also proved beneficial for thermoset as well as thermoplastic processing. All of these advantages increase the machine utilization as well as reliability when processing aerospace parts made from dry fiber materials with AFP equipment.
Magnetic resonance imaging of intraocular optic nerve disorders: review article
Authors: Kanda Tomonori , Miyazaki Aki , Zeng Feibi , Ueno Yoshiko , Sofue Keitaro , Maeda Takaki , Nogami Munenobu , Kitajima Kazuhiro , Murakami Takamichi
Published: March 2020

The optic nerve is morphologically classified as a peripheral nerve, but histologically it shares characteristics with the central nerves. Diseases that affect vision and the optic nerve are many and varied: optic neuritis, demyelination (multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related disorders), drugs, collagen disease, vasculitis, infection, trauma, vascular abnormalities, tumours, and non-tumoural masses. In this review, we summarise the magnetic resonance imaging findings for various pathological conditions that cause deterioration in visual acuity.
Effect of ammonia on fine-particle pH in agricultural regions of China: comparison between urban and rural sites
Authors: Wang Shenbo , Wang Lingling , Li Yuqing , Wang Chen , Wang Weisi , Yin Shasha , Zhang Ruiqin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Particle acidity is a fundamental property that affects atmospheric particulate chemistry. Synchronous online monitoring was performed at two urban
sites, Zhengzhou (U-ZZ) and Anyang (U-AY), and three rural sites, Anyang (R-AY), Xinxiang (R-XX), and Puyang (R-PY) in Henan Province,
during a haze episode to investigate the pH value and its driving factors in the agricultural regions of China. The pH values of particles
calculated by ISORROPIA-II model at rural sites were slightly higher than those at urban sites, with the median (min–max) values of 5.2 (4.8–6.9,
R-PY), 5.1 (4.7–6.5, R-AY), 4.9 (4.1–6.8, R-XX), 4.8 (3.9–5.9, U-AY), and 4.5 (3.8–5.2, U-ZZ). Sensitivity tests show that TNHx (total
ammonium, gas + aerosol) followed by total sulfate were the most important factors that influenced the predicted pH. Generally, particle pH
increased with a cation increase and decreases in anions, temperature, and relative humidity. Similar pH values (∼3.0) at the
required NHx concentrations for the five sites indicated that the presence of excess NHx was likely important for the lower acidity
of PM2.5 during the severe haze episodes in this region. Moreover, the concentrations of excess NHx may drive the higher
pH values at rural sites, because of the higher excess NHx concentrations at rural sites than those at urban sites. The underlying
influence of regional transport on local particle pH cannot be neglected, as it differs the chemical components of PM2.5 and meteorological
conditions. Air masses transported from rural and agricultural regions may enhance the particle pH value in urban aerosols given the high pH of
particles and high ammonia levels. These results suggest that ammonia is urgently needed to be involved in the regional strategy for the improvement
of air quality in China.
The diurnal stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition over land in southern West Africa
Authors: Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia Xabier , de Roode Stephan R. , Adler Bianca , Babić Karmen , Dione Cheikh , Kalthoff Norbert , Lohou Fabienne , Lothon Marie , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The misrepresentation of the diurnal cycle of boundary layer clouds by large-scale models strongly impacts the modeled regional energy balance in southern West Africa. In particular, recognizing the processes involved in the maintenance and transition of the nighttime stratocumulus to diurnal shallow cumulus over land remains a challenge. This is due to the fact that over vegetation, surface fluxes exhibit a much larger magnitude and variability than on the more researched marine stratocumulus transitions. An improved understanding of the interactions between surface and atmosphere is thus necessary to improve its representation. To this end, the Dynamics-aerosol-chemistry-cloud interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) measurement campaign gathered a unique dataset of observations of the frequent stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition in southern West Africa. Inspired and constrained by these observations, we perform a series of numerical experiments using large eddy simulation. The experiments include interactive radiation and surface schemes where we explicitly resolve, quantify and describe the physical processes driving such transition. Focusing on the local processes, we quantify the transition in terms of dynamics, radiation, cloud properties, surface processes and the evolution of dynamically relevant layers such as subcloud layer, cloud layer and inversion layer. We further quantify the processes driving the stratocumulus thinning and the subsequent transition initiation by using a liquid water path budget.
Finally, we study the impact of mean wind and wind shear at the cloud top through two additional numerical experiments. We find that the sequence starts with a nighttime well-mixed layer from the surface to the cloud top, in terms of temperature and humidity, and transitions to a prototypical convective boundary layer by the afternoon. We identify radiative cooling as the largest factor for the maintenance leading to a net thickening of the cloud layer of about 18 g m−2 h−1 before sunrise. Four hours after sunrise, the cloud layer decouples from the surface through a growing negative buoyancy flux at the cloud base. After sunrise, the increasing impact of entrainment leads to a progressive thinning of the cloud layer.
While the effect of wind on the stratocumulus layer during nighttime is limited, after sunrise we find shear at the cloud top to have the largest impact: the local turbulence generated by shear enhances the boundary layer growth and entrainment aided by the increased surface fluxes. As a consequence, wind shear at the cloud top accelerates the breakup and transition by about 2 h. The quantification of the transition and its driving factors presented here sets the path for an improved representation by larger-scale models.
Automatic quality control of the Meteosat First Generation measurements
Authors: Liefhebber Freek , Lammens Sarah , Brussee Paul W. G. , Bos André , John Viju O. , Rüthrich Frank , Onderwaater Jacobus , Grant Michael G. , Schulz Jörg
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Now that the Earth has been monitored by satellites for more than 40 years,
Earth observation images can be used to study how the Earth system behaves over extended periods. Such long-term studies require the combination of data from multiple instruments, with the earliest datasets being of particular importance in establishing a baseline for trend analysis.
As the quality of these earlier datasets is often lower, careful quality control is essential, but the sheer size of these image sets makes an inspection by hand impracticable. Therefore, one needs to resort to automatic methods to inspect these Earth observation images for anomalies.
In this paper, we describe the design of a system that performs an automatic anomaly analysis on Earth observation images, in particular the Meteosat First Generation measurements. The design of this system is based on a preliminary analysis of the typical anomalies that can be found in the dataset. This preliminary analysis was conducted by hand on a representative subset and resulted in a finite list of anomalies that needed to be detected in the whole dataset. The automated anomaly detection system employs a dedicated detection algorithm for each of these anomalies. The result is a system with a high probability of detection and low false alarm rate. Furthermore, most of these algorithms are able to pinpoint the anomalies to the specific pixels affected in the image, allowing the maximum use of the data available.
Climate simulations and pollen data reveal the distribution and connectivity of temperate tree populations in eastern Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Leroy Suzanne Alice Ghislaine , Arpe Klaus , Mikolajewicz Uwe , Wu Jing
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Publications on temperate deciduous tree refugia in Europe are abundant, but little is known about the patterns of temperate tree refugia in eastern Asia, an area where biodiversity survived Quaternary glaciations and which has the world's most diverse temperate flora. Our goal is to compare climate model simulations with pollen data in order to establish the location of glacial refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period. Limits in which temperate deciduous trees can survive are taken from the literature. The model outputs are first tested for the present by comparing climate models with published modern pollen data. As this method turned out to be satisfactory for the present, the same approach was used for the LGM, Climate model simulations (ECHAM5 T106), statistically further down-scaled, are used to infer the temperate deciduous trees distribution during the LGM. These were compared with available fossil temperate tree pollen occurrences. The impact of the LGM on the eastern Asia climate was much weaker than on the European climate. The area of possible tree growth shifts only by about 2° to the south between the present and the LGM. This contributes to explain the greater biodiversity of forests in eastern Asia compared to Europe. Climate simulations and the available, although fractional, fossil pollen data agree. Therefore climate estimations can safely be used to fill areas without pollen data by mapping potential refugia distributions. The results show two important areas with population connectivity: the Yellow Sea emerged shelf and the southern Himalayas. These two areas were suitable for temperate deciduous tree growth, providing corridors for population migration and connectivity (i.e. less population fragmentation) in glacial and in interglacial periods. Many tree populations live in interglacial refugia; not glacial ones. The fact that the model simulation for the LGM fits so well with observed pollen distribution is another indication that the used model is good to simulate also the LGM period.
ENSO and internal sea surface temperature variability in the tropical Indian Ocean since the Maunder Minimum
Authors: Leupold Maike , Pfeiffer Miriam , Watanabe Takaaki K. , Reuning Lars , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Shen Chuan-Chou , Brummer Geert-Jan A.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The dominant modes of climate variability on interannual timescales in the tropical Indian Ocean are the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole. El Niño events have occurred more frequently during recent decades and it has been suggested that an asymmetric ENSO teleconnection (warming during El Niño events is stronger than cooling during La Niña events) caused the pronounced warming of the western Indian Ocean. In this study, we test this hypothesis using coral Sr / Ca records from the central Indian Ocean (Chagos Archipelago) to reconstruct past sea surface temperatures (SST) in time windows from the Maunder Minimum to the present. Three sub-fossil massive Porites corals were dated to the 17–18th century (one sample) and 19–20th century (two samples), and were compared with a published, modern coral Sr / Ca record from the same site. All corals were sub-sampled at a monthly resolution for Sr / Ca measurements, which were measured using a simultaneous ICP-OES. All four coral records show typical ENSO periodicities, suggesting that the ENSO-SST teleconnection in the central Indian Ocean was stationary since the 17th century. To determine the symmetry of ENSO events, we compiled composite records of positive and negative ENSO-driven SST anomaly events. We find similar magnitudes of warm and cold anomalies indicating a symmetric ENSO response in the tropical Indian Ocean. This suggests that ENSO is not the main driver of central Indian Ocean warming.
Dealing with various sources of uncertainty in the operational control of water systems using ensemble based MPC with convex optimization
Authors: Horvath Klaudia , Smoorenburg Maarten , Vreeken Diederik , Sinnige Ruben , Alvarado Montero Rodolfo , Piovesan Teresa
Published: March 2020

Model Predictive Control (MPC) can be an effective tool for the operational control of water systems, but there are still many open questions about how this technique can effectively take into uncertainties of forecasts, initial states or the model setup. Moreover, computational cost and robustness often prohibit the use of existing methods in practice. We here report recent developments in the open source RTC-Tools software framework that allow representing these uncertainties through ensembles and computing the optimal control strategy with convex optimization techniques in combination with lexicographical goal programming. Convex optimization is required to have robust mathematical solutions within the short computation times that are feasible in operational practice. Goal programming is here used to facilitate straightforward optimization of competing objectives with results understandable for end-users. Adaptations of Raso’s Tree-Based MPC (e.g. Raso et al., 2014) are used to represent the possibilities offered in future control steps, permitting a realistic moving horizon control strategy while not being excessively conservative.

The developments are illustrated with applications in different water systems using methods for convex optimization of linear Mixed Integer problems as well as quadratically constrained problems with both open source and commercial solvers. We also demonstrate how RTC-Tools build-in methods can be used for linearization of system equations and objectives. The applications were evaluated in controlled experiments to learn about strengths and weaknesses in comparison with other ensemble and deterministic MPC methods.

Exploration of the added value of selected uncertainty representation techniques within MPC solutions is presented in a separate contribution (Smoorenburg et al. 2020, session HS4.3 “Ensemble hydrological forecasting: Decision making under uncertainty”).

Raso, L., D. Schwanenberg, N. C. van de Giesen, and P. J. van Overloop. 2014. “Short-Term Optimal Operation of Water Systems Using Ensemble Forecasts.” Advances in Water Resources 71 (September): 200–208.
How does biochar affect soil respiration?
Authors: Kubaczyński Adam , Walkiewicz Anna , Brzezińska Małgorzata , Usowicz Bogusław
Published: March 2020

Agricultural soils are an important landscape element in terms of climate change and this ecosystem is considered as a one of the major source of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Soil may be also a sink for GHGs, from this reason so many research projects are focused on determination of factors and conditions affecting gas exchange. Biochar is produced from biomass that has been pyrolysed in a zero or low oxygen availability. It is currently widely considered as a stable addition to the soil, which not only improve its fertility, but also can mitigate climate change. Considering landscape elements, the char also prevents carbon loss from forest soils. Higher microbial activity is usually associated with higher carbon dioxide (CO2) production (soil respiration). One of the most important questions is how does biochar influence production of GHGs such as CO2? Which doses have a critical meaning for CO2 emission? The aim of our study was to determine the effect of wide range doses of biochar (produced from sunflower husks) (from 1 to 100 Mg ha-1) to Haplic Luvisol soil from fallow fields. We investigated the changes of CO2 emission during laboratory incubation using gas chromatography method. In short-term incubations soil respiration was positively correlated with increasing biochar dose, while during long-term (several years) observation, the impact of biochar dose on the amount of emitted CO2 was not so significant. It is worthwhile to conduct short- term and long-term field studies in this area.

Research was partially conducted under the project “Water in soil - satellite monitoring and improving the retention using biochar” no. BIOSTRATEG3/345940/7/NCBR/2017 which was financed by Polish National Centre for Research and Development in the framework of “Environment, agriculture and forestry” - BIOSTRATEG strategic R&D programme.
Three-dimensional Density Reconstruction Analysis Method for Omni-directional Muography
Authors: Miyamoto Seigo , Nagahara Shogo
Published: March 2020

Muography is the technique to observe the inner density structure of volcano by using cosmic-ray muons. In previous study, three-dimensional density reconstruction was attempted by using muography data from multiple directions (Tanaka et al., 2010, Rosas-Carbajal et al., 2017), but they could only get a few hundred meters of spatial resolution. To improve the spatial resolution, Nagahara and Miyamoto (2018) suggested omni-directional muography, putting ten or more observation points to surround the volcano.

  There are two types of three-dimensional density reconstruction methods from omni-directional muography observations, the linear inversion method (Rosas-Carbajal et al., 2017) and the filtered back projection (FBP) method (Nagahara and Miyamoto, 2018). The former is applicable even when the number of observation points is small, but requires many arbitrary parameters, while the latter has the characteristic that no arbitrary parameters are required but a certain number of observation points is required.

In this presentation, we show the results of a comparison between the two methods in simulation.