bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fitrah and Its Bearing on the Principles of Psychology
Authors: Mohamed Yasien
Published: December 2020

There is not a newborn child who is not born in a state of fifrah. His parentsthen make him a Jew, a Christian, or a Magian, just as an animal is born intact.Do you observe any among them that are maimed (at birth)?’Though the discipline of psychology is a well-developed empiricalscience in the West today, few psychologists have dipped into the religiousand philosophical literature of the East. It is our intent here to discuss thepsychological discourse in classical Islamic literature, which offersinsights into human nature and the psychology of human behavior that arerelevant for contemporary psychotherapy. Such an undertaking will alsoreveal that the psychological facets of Islam are interwoven closely withits metaphysical, volitional, and ethical aspects. It would therefore beworthwhile to abstract psychological elements from the Islamic legacy,systematize them, and present the findings within an Islamic frameworkand in an idiom that would interest the modern psychologist.According to Isma‘il al Fmqi, the relevance of Islam to psychologyor any other discipline can be determined by discovering what the legacyof Islam has to say on the discipline in question? Although the discipline“Islamic psychology” does not exist within the Islamic legacy as weknow it in the West, there is no reason why such a discipline cannotdevelop. Contemporary efforts to bring about an Islamic psychology arefew and far between. We have yet to see an introduction to Islamic psychologysimilar to what we have seen in the cases of anthropology andsociology.’ Our contribution, therefore, consists of developing an introductionto Islamic psychology withfimh as our point of departure.At a time when psychology is struggling to emerge as an autonomousdiscipline by shedding its old links with philosophy, any attempt to go inthe opposite direction may seem retrogressive. However, today there is an ...
ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Maiwada Danjuma A.
Published: December 2020

IntroductionFrom the outset, it is pertinent to attempt a definition of"Islamization" and "lslarnization of knowledge." lslamization is thetransformation of a worldview from one that is "crooked" or jahil(ignorant) co one that is Islamic. This tran formation has manifesteditself time and again through a succession of prophets and messengersof God and culminated in the Prophet Muhammad. When the Arabianpeninsula was gripped in the darkness of the jahiliyya-the period ofignorance, lawles ness, brutality,and fear-Islam came as a light. Itbegan with the first revelation of the Qur'an to the Prophet Muhanunadin Mak.kah in the year 610 A.D., commanding him to "Read in the nameof Your Lord." Knowledge, therefore, is the first and most significantaspect of Islam as AJlah, by His revelation of the Holy Qur'an, hassought to guide mankind to the right path. The significance ofknowledge is that it is only when people know and can distinguishbetween right and wrong that they can establish a justly balanced societyand be the representatives of their Lord, Allah, on earth-which ismankind's mission ...
Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?
Authors: Khaleefa Omar
Published: December 2020

The study is an investigation of the origins of psychophysics and experimentalpsychology. According to historians of psychology. FrancisBacon had the most crucial influence in the history of the experimentalmethod, because he emphasized the importance of induction, skepticism,quantification, and observation. The present study, however,attempts to show that Ibn al-Haytham laid the foundations of the aboveaspects of the experimental method. Furthermore, a number of historiansof psychology believe that Fechner was the founder of psychophysicswith his application “Filements of Psychophysics” in 1860.This study shows that in the eleventh century, Ibn al-Haytham made anoriginal contribution to the study of vision, wherein his psychophysicsborrowed its structure from physics and its spirit from psychology.Several aspects of visual perception were investigated by him, includingsensation (which occupies a central place in psychophysics), variationsin sensitivity, perception of colors. sensation of touch, perceptionof darkness, the psychological explanation of moon illusion, and binocularvision. This study presents five experiments by Ibn al-Haythamregarding the errors of vision, which is called in contemporary psychology“visual illusion.” These experiments have been applied andverified in Bahrain from both the physical and psychological perspectives.Finally, the study concludes that Ibn al-Haytham deserves the title“founder” of psychophysics as wellp the “founder” of experimentalpsychology. In this respect. Kitab ul-Manazir by Ibn al-Haytham.which appeared in the fmt half of the eleventh century, and not the“Elements of Psychophysics” by Fechner. which was published in thenineteenth century, marks the official “founding” of psychology,because it provides not only new concepts and theories but new methodsof measurement in psychology.
The Islamic State
Authors: Safi Louay M.
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to delineate the basic elements involvedin the concept of the Islamic state and to clarify the basis and scope of politicalpower. More specifically, discussions will focus on the purpose of the Islamicstate, the source of political legitimacy, and the scope of state power. I willcontend that a clear distinction should be made between the role and purposeof the state and those of the ummah, for only through the separation of theresponsibilities and objectives of the two can the injunctions of the Shari‘ahand the principles of revelation be properly observed.Historical BackgroundAlthough the word “state” (dawlah) was first used in the Qur’an, almostsix centuries had to elapse before the word was given its first technical definitionby Muslim scholars. The word dawlah was mentioned once in the Qur’an(in 59:7) in connection with the distribution of the fay’ (the property Muslimsappropriated from the Banu al Nadr upon the latter‘s expulsion from Madinah).The Qur’an justified this departure from the usual practice of dividing thespoils among the fighters by referring to the divine intention of preventingthe circulation of wealth among a small group within the society?Up until the late fifth century, one could hardly find any reference tothe state in Muslim literature, or in Western literature for that matter. Otherterms such as al amsar or dar al Islam were employed whenever a referencewas made to the territories under Muslim control. Alternatively, the stateas a political body was identified by its political organs, i.e., al khilafah, ...
D’inverno è meglio mangiare mandarini che manderini
Authors: D'Achille Paolo
Published: December 2020

Sono arrivate in redazione varie domande, sia da Nord (Torino, Milano), sia da Sud (Salerno, Acquaviva delle Fonti - BA), che ci chiedono se il noto agrume debba essere chiamato mandarino o non piuttosto manderino e se c’è differenza tra le due varianti.
Distributed Demand Side Management with Stochastic Wind Power Forecasting
Authors: Scarabaggio Paolo , Grammatico Sergio , Carli Raffaele , Dotoli Mariagrazia
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we propose a distributed demand side management (DSM) approach for smart grids taking into account uncertainty in wind power forecasting. The smart grid model comprehends traditional users as well as active users (prosumers). Through a rolling-horizon approach, prosumers participate in a DSM program, aiming at minimizing their cost in the presence of uncertain wind power generation by a game theory approach.
We assume that each user selfishly formulates its grid optimization problem as a noncooperative game.
The core challenge in this paper is defining an approach to cope with the uncertainty in wind power availability.
We tackle this issue from two different sides: by employing the expected value to define a deterministic counterpart for the problem and by adopting a stochastic approximated framework.
In the latter case, we employ the sample average approximation technique, whose results are based on a probability density function (PDF) for the wind speed forecasts. We improve the PDF by using historical wind speed data, and by employing a control index that takes into account the weather condition stability.

Numerical simulations on a real dataset show that the proposed stochastic strategy generates lower individual costs compared to the standard expected value approach.

Preprint of paper submitted to IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology

https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2021.3056751
ASSESSMENT OF HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY RETENTION THROUGH SIT-AND-REACH BOX IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WITH NONSPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Imran Farooqui Sumaira , Saleem Zulekha , John Edgar Ashbeel , Abbass Shahida
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES
Administrationof sit and reach (SR) box as an intervention tool for
retaining the hamstring flexibility as a treatment regime in order to
prevent as well predict future low back pain complications.
Improvement of hamstring flexibility through SR box, administrationof
SR box as an assessment tool in patients with reduced hamstring
flexibility causing low back pain complications. Also implementation
of SR box for training purpose in clinical practice to evaluate the
efficacy of the SR box in retention of hamstring flexibility in both
genders.
STUDY DESIGN
A quantitative experimental study inclusive of simple random
sampling was done. The independent variables were age and
gender. Flexibility retention and treatment were the dependent
variables which were assessed by a Sit-and-reach box.
MEASUREMENTS
The subject pool for this study consisted of 40 volunteers that were
selected on the basis of simple random sampling and were recruited
in the study after assessing hamstring tightness through
toe-touching, straight leg raise and piriformis test to exclude any
specific pathology or disorders.
RESULTS
Flexibility showed marked increase in most of the applicants on 5th
trial after a 4 week training regime by sit and reach box.
CONCLUSION
Achievements in flexibility are preserved for no less than 2 weeks
after a stretching program. It additionally created the impression
that 2 sets; each consisting of 3 repetitions of a sit-and-reach test is
adequate for boosting extensive increment in flexibility.

KEYWORDS
Sit-And-Reach, Stretching, Flexibility, Hamstring, Low Back Pain,
Straight Leg Raise.
ASSOCIATION OF BMI ON TEMPORALSPATIAL PARAMETERS OF GAIT IN YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Baig Nabeel , Masood Sundus , Qudrat Shazia , Ali Asif Ashiq
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
To study the effects of BMI on temporal-spatial gait parameters in
young adults
TARGET POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZE
Target population in this study is students. Total 40 students participated
in this study. Participants were drawn from College of
Physical Therapy.
STUDY DESIGN
Observational study
METHOD
40 young adults both male and female were selected, keeping
10 students in each group of underweight, normal weight, overweight
and obese. Each participant was instructed to walk over
20 meters area both indoor and outdoor at their normal pace
wearing normal footwear. Step length and cadence were measured
and gait velocity of each participant was calculated.
Results were compared for both outdoor and indoor walk.
RESULT
The result of this study revealed statistically no significant differences
in the measured variables between four groups, i.e. underweight,
normal weight, overweight, and obese young individuals
in both outdoor and indoor settings and found significant difference
is indoor walk step length and gait velocity. Overweight
and obese individuals have shorter step length and gait velocity,
underweight individuals walk was better than other groups
CONCLUSION
The study shows no difference in gait in relation of BMI. There was
the difference in step length and gait velocity in overweight and
obese individual.
EFFECT OF MOTOR RELEARNING PROGRAM ON QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG STROKE PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Nizami Ghazla Noor , Rafique Nazish
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND
Stroke is one of the problems that can lead to either disability or
death and this will increase the social and economic burden.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the effects of motor relearning program (MRP) in comparison
with other treatment technique on quality of life (QoL)
among stroke patients
DATA SOURCES
This systematic review includes Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT)
for patients suffering from stroke. The articles were retrieved from
Google Scholar, research gate, HEC digital library, ProQuest, Iingenta
and PubMed. Articles were also accessed from Journals.
STUDY SELECTION
Data belonged from 2000 to 2015 were included. RCTs that focus on
motor relearning program or its task-oriented activity as rehabilitation
program of stroke patients were included in this review.
RESULTS
Total 12 studies were included in this review with 378 patients.
Among them, 191 had received MRP, whereas, 187 had received
any other treatment technique for stroke rehabilitation. Analysis of
Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Barthel Index shows that studies favor
MRP, while result is slightly insignificant (0.008) with BBS and not significant
(0.67) for Barthel Index.
Banana Powder Production via Foam Mat Drying
Authors: Razali Siti Amirah , Mohd Nor Mohd Zuhair , Anuar Mohd Shamsul , Shamsudin Rosnah , Wan Mohamad Wan Anwar Fahmi
Published: December 2020

Banana puree is one of the main commercial banana products available in the market worldwide. However, like other purees, banana puree deteriorates quite rapidly and gets a chilling injury when refrigerated. Therefore, this study focused on the dehydration of banana puree using a foam mat drying (FMD) technique to prolong its shelf life. It involved whipping the banana puree to form foams with the help of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the foaming agent and foam stabilizer, respectively. The study evaluated the effect of different foaming agent percentages (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15%) and drying temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80°C) on the production of the foam mat dried banana powder. Besides that, the drying curves of banana puree using FMD and oven drying methods were compared. The banana powders produced were also analyzed in terms of the foam density, moisture content, solubility, color (browning index) and flowability (caking strength). Based on the findings, the FMD technique has proven to produce a good quality banana powder better than the control sample especially at a higher foaming agent concentration (15%) and drying temperature (80°C). By using the FMD technique, the banana puree has the capacity to be dried three times faster compared to the conventional oven drying method to form a more stable banana powder.
Публицистическая деятельность священника Иоанна Беллюстина в контексте реформирования Русской православной церкви
Authors: Кругликов Александр Сергеевич , Цысь Ольга Петровна
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматривается деятельность, в том числе публицистическая, священника Иоанна Степановича Беллюстина (1819–1890), чье творчество послужило своеобразным «толчком» в деле реформирования Русской православной церкви императором Александром II. Основным объектом изучения стала книга «Описание сельского духовенства», написанная Беллюстиным, которая получила огромный резонанс в официальной конъюнктуре церкви и либеральной печати как в России, так и в Европе, благодаря смелым, критическим, а порой и революционным замечаниям автора относительно положения духовного сословия, социального статуса духовенства и его материального положения.
Гуманистические принципы в исламской культуре
Authors: Мусаева Гюльшан Орудж кызы
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматриваются основные гуманистические принципы исламской культуры. Предметом исследования является гуманистическая традиция в исламской философии. В работе отмечается, что представители арабской философии рассматривают в качестве главного постулата исламской культуры особое понятие «таухид», которое осмысливается как вера в единого Бога. В качестве вывода предлагается связывать религиозное учение с основными нравственными принципами в гуманистической исламской философии.
Consumers' Responses to Tie-in Brand Purchase Intention in Event Sponsorships
Authors: Sreejesh S. , Sarkar Juhi Gahlot , Sarkar Abhigyan
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is to propose and empirically test a conceptual model showing the effect of consumer responses (cognitive and emotion) towards tie-in brand purchase intention in event sponsorships. Tie-in brand refers to the brand that is sponsoring any event. Consumer responses are generated towards both event and tie-in brand simultaneously as both brand and event are connected. In the model, the cognition and emotion generated by both event and brand are modeled as the major antecedents to develop consumer's hedonic experience and utilitarian value judgments that in turn direct consumer's purchase behavior towards the tie-in brand. Data were collected through structured questionnaire-based surveys from spectators aged 18 and above, at two major events held in India. Structural equation modeling was employed to validate and test the conceptual model. The study findings show that in event sponsorships spectators' cognitive and emotional responses towards both the events and the sponsoring brands play a key role in the formation of hedonic–utilitarian value judgements. The hedonic–utilitarian evaluation of event further leads to the development of affective and cognitive evaluation of the brand, which in turn predicts consumer's purchase intention towards the brand. A model showing the mechanism of spectators' cognition–affect transfer from event to sponsor brand is relatively scarce and inconclusive in the prior literature. Thus, this study is the first attempt to show how spectators' cognition–affect transfer can occur in event sponsorships, and provide the marketers with insights about the psychological process through which event sponsorship would generate spectators' purchase intentions toward the tie-in brands.
Longitudinal Health Utilities, Symptoms and Toxicities in Patients with ALK-Rearranged Lung Cancer Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Prospective Real-World Assessment
Authors: Tse B.C. , Said B.I. , Fan Z.J. , Hueniken K. , Patel D. , Gill G. , Liang M. , Razooqi M. , Brown M.C. , Sacher A.G. , Bradbury P.A. , Shepherd F.A. , Leighl N.B. , Xu W. , Howell D. , Liu G. , O’Kane G.
Published: December 2020

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved the survival of patients with ALK-rearranged (ALK+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical trial data can generally compare drugs in a pair-wise fashion. Real-world collection of health utility data, symptoms, and toxicities allows for the direct comparison between multiple TKI therapies in the population with ALK+ NSCLC. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, outpatients with ALK+ recruited between 2014 and 2018, treated with a variety of TKIs, were assessed every 3 months for clinico-demographic, patient-reported symptom and toxicity data and EQ-5D-derived health utility scores (HUS). Results: In 499 longitudinal encounters of 76 patients with ALK+ NSCLC, each TKI had stable longitudinal HUS when disease was controlled, even after months to years: the mean overall HUS for each TKI ranged from 0.805 to 0.858, and longitudinally from 0.774 to 0.912, with higher values associated with second- or third-generation TKIs of alectinib, brigatinib, and lorlatinib. Disease progression was associated with a mean HUS decrease of 0.065 (95% confidence interval: 0.02 to 0.11). Health utility scores were inversely correlated to multiple symptoms or toxicities: rho values ranged from −0.094 to −0.557. Fewer symptoms and toxicities were associated with the second- and third-generation TKIs compared with crizotinib. In multivariable analysis, only stable disease state and baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status were associated with improved HUS. Conclusions: There was no significant decrease in HUS when patients with ALK+ disease were treated longitudinally with each TKI, as long as patients were clinically stable. Alectinib, brigatinib, and lorlatinib had the best toxicity profiles and exhibited high mean HUS longitudinally in the real-world setting.
REÚSO EN PROCESOS DE BLANQUEO TEXTIL DE LOS EFLUENTES PROVENIENTES DE TINTURAS CON COLORANTES REACTIVOS NEGROS DECOLORADOS MEDIANTE EL MÉTODO DE FENTON
Authors: Uribe Valenzuela Carmen L. , Caballero Bustos Melissa J. , Cárdenas Torres Percy O. , Hermoza Guerra Emilia G.
Published: December 2020

Se reusaron efluentes textiles provenientes de teñidos negros reactivos, decolorados por el método de oxidación avanzada Fenton en procesos de blanqueo de fibra celulósica por agotamiento. Se recolectaron efluentes textiles provenientes de dos teñidos reactivos negros: Corafix Black SD y Corazol Black B 133 %, simulados y reales, para ser decolorados con el tratamiento Fenton. Se monitoreó la decoloración usando espectrofotometría UV-visible, se determinaron las proporciones óptimas de reactivo Fenton (sal de Fe (II) (g)/H2O2 (mL)): 0,0156 g/mL y 0,0251 g/mL con un tiempo de reacción de 90 minutos y pH óptimos de tratamiento de 3,70 y 3,88 para los efluentes textiles provenientes de teñido con colorantes Corafix Black SD y Corazol Black B 133%, respectivamente. Los efluentes tratados se caracterizaron, adecuaron y usaron en el blanqueo de tejidos celulósicos. Se obtuvo textiles con un grado de blancura de 74,73 °Be y 73,41 °Be, similares al sustrato blanqueado con agua blanda (76,61°Berger). Se compararon: las curvas de reflectancia con el espectrofotómetro Datacolor SF550, hidrofilidad y capilaridad según métodos normalizados. Finalmente se concluyó que el tratamiento Fenton es viable para este tipo de efluentes negros reactivos, pues se obtuvieron sustratos blanqueados con propiedades similares al blanqueo con agua blanda.
Heuristic and Meta-Heuristic Optimization Models for Task Scheduling in Cloud-Fog Systems: A Review
Authors: Abdulredha Mohammed , Attea Bara'a , Jabir Adnan
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, cloud computing has attracted the attention of large companies due to its high potential, flexibility, and profitability in providing multi-sources of hardware and software to serve the connected users. Given the scale of modern data centers and the dynamic nature of their resource provisioning, we need effective scheduling techniques to manage these resources while satisfying both the cloud providers and cloud users goals. Task scheduling in cloud computing is considered as NP-hard problem which cannot be easily solved by classical optimization methods. Thus, both heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques have been utilized to provide optimal or near-optimal solutions within an acceptable time frame for such problems. In this article, a summary of heuristic and meta-heuristic methods for solving the task scheduling optimization in cloud-fog systems is presented. The cost and time aware scheduling methods for both bag of tasks and workflow tasks are reviewed, discussed, and analyzed thoroughly to provide a clear vision for the readers in order to select the proper methods which fulfill their needs.
Regeneration Energy for Nonlinear Active Suspension System Using Electromagnetic Actuator
Authors: Aldair Ammar , Alsaedee Eman
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of using the suspension system in vehicles is to prevent the road disturbance from being transmitted to the passengers. Therefore, a precise controller should be designed to improve the performances of suspension system. This paper presents a modeling and control of the nonlinear full vehicle active suspension system with passenger seat utilizing Fuzzy Model Reference Learning Control (FMRLC) technique. The components of the suspension system are: damper, spring and actuator, all of those components have nonlinear behavior, so that, nonlinear forces that are generated by those components should be taken into account when designed the control system. The designed controller consumes high power so that when the control system is used, the vehicle will consume high amount of fuel. It notes that, when vehicle is driven on a rough road; there will be a shock between the sprung mass and the unsprung mass. This mechanical power dissipates and converts into heat power by a damper. In this paper, the wasted power has reclaimed in a proper way by using electromagnetic actuator. The electromagnetic actuator converts the mechanical power into electrical power which can be used to drive the control system. Therefore, overall power consumption demand for the vehicle can be reduced. When the electromagnetic actuator is used three main advantages can be obtained: firstly, fuel consumption by the vehicle is decreased, secondly, the harmful emission is decreases, therefore, our environment is protected, and thirdly, the performance of the suspension system is improved as shown in the obtained results.
Analysis of the Effect of Inlet Velocity on Cooling Speed in a Refrigerated Container using CFD simulations
Authors: Budiyanto Muhammad Arif , Suheriyanto Nadhilah
Published: December 2020

The use of refrigerated containers continues to increase rapidly in line with global trade, this kind of container is commonly used to deliver perishable cargo from producers to consumers over great distances, even between continents. To avoid perishable goods from damages, the temperature inside refrigerated containers was controlled and maintained to keep the cooling performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of variation inlet velocity on the cooling speed inside a refrigerated container. This study was conducted through a computational fluid dynamic simulation validated with experimental results. The simulation was carried out on the variations of inlet velocity based on low-speed fan mode at 4 m/s equal to 32 circulations/hour, and high-speed fan mode at 10 m/s equal to 80 circulations/hour. The results of the simulation show that the greater the inlet fan speed, the faster the cooling speed. The finding of this study is the cooling speed time of high cube refrigerated container with the low-speed fan is 28 minutes and the high-speed fan is 40 minutes.
TRAVMATİZE OLMUŞ MAĞDURLARI TEMSİL EDEN AVUKATLARDA İKİNCİL TRAVMATİK STRES OLUŞUMU
Authors: AKCANBAS Mert , KESKİNER Muratcan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, travmatize olmuş mağdurları temsil eden avukatlardaki ikincil travmatik stres oluşumunu yordayan değişkenler incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya son 3 ay içinde aile içi şiddet ve/veya cinsel istismar mağduru temsil etmiş olan avukatlar alınmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 119 kadın ve 12 erkek olmak üzere toplam 131 avukat oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Çocukluk Çağı Olumsuz Yaşantılar Ölçeği ve İkincil Travmatik Stres Oluşumu Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Avukatlar, araştırmaya ait form ve ölçekleri, pandemi öncesi dönemde online olarak doldurmuşlardır. Araştırmaya katılan avukatların %35,1’i evlidir. Katılımcıların %73,3’ü travma ile başa çıkmaya dair bir eğitim almadığını belirtmiştir. Çalışmaya katılanların %41,2’si psikiyatrik geçmiş öyküsüne sahiptir. Katılımcıların yalnızca %5,3’ü düzenli olarak psikiyatrik ilaç kullanmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılanların %40,5’i son 3 ay içinde haftada ortalama 36-45 saat arası çalışmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre son 3 ayda temsil edilen aile içi şiddet mağduru sayısı, son 3 ayda temsil edilen cinsel istismar mağduru sayısı, son 3 ay içindeki haftalık ortalama çalışma saati; avukatın yaşı, travma ile başa çıkma eğitimi alması ve son 3 ay içinde temsil ettiği mağdurların sağ kalım durumunun; avukatlardaki ikincil travmatik stres oluşumu üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunamamıştır. Neticede, psikiyatrik geçmiş öyküsü, medeni durum, çocukluk çağı olumsuz yaşantıları ve son 3 ay içinde temsil edilen cinsel istismar mağdurlarının 18 yaşın altında olması, avukatlardaki ikincil travmatik stres oluşumu üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sebep olmuştur.
Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers as Additional Value to Traditional Risk-factors in Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
Authors: Vavlukis Ana , Vavlukis Marija , Dimovski Aleksandar , Petrushevska Gordana , Eftimov Aleksandar , Domazetovska Sashka , Demirovikj Almasa , Mladenovska Kristina
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:: There is a growing interest in the possible role of inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukins, chemokines, growth factors, and acute-phase proteins, in cardiovascular risk-stratification.
AIM: The aim of the study was to determine a possible correlation between the subjects’ cardiovascular risk profile and various inflammatory markers and to assess the sole use of IL-6 in CVD risk prediction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five healthy subjects participated. EUROSCORE, lipid, glycemic, and inflammatory markers were analyzed. Сhi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used. Significance was determined at <0.05.
RESULTS: A multivariate analysis revealed 12 markers to be independently associated with CVD risk – LDL-C, TG, ApoB, HbA1c, hsCRP, IL-6, and IL-1A as markers of higher, and HDL-C, IL-4, Il-10, VEGF, and EGF as markers of lower CVD risk. IL-6 levels > 1 pg/ml were positively correlated with female gender, age > 55 years, EUROSCORE ≥ 3, risk age, SBP, hsCRP > 2 mg/L, and IL-2 (p = 0.025, p = 0.013, p = 0.025, p = 0.011, p = 0.026, p = 0.046, and p = 0.018). Except for total CVD risk and risk age, the same variables were identified to be independently associated with IL-6.
CONCLUSION: Inflammatory biomarkers, especially hsCRP and IL-6, have a statistically significant, added predictive power in cardiovascular risk stratification.
Factors Affecting Pregnant Women’s have Nothihg in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Examination in Public Health Centers of Makassar in 2019
Authors: Wulandari Bety Anisa , Seweng Arifin , Tiro M. Muhammad Arif , Mallongi Anwar , Muliati Muliati
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Prevention of mother-to-child Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission or prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is part of efforts to control HIV-Acquired Deficiency Syndrome and sexually transmitted infections. In Indonesia, there were 1,805,993 pregnant women who were tested for HIV and there were 5074 (0.28%) pregnant women who were HIV positive.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence pregnant women not to conduct a PMTCT examination in Makassar City in 2019.
METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was 260 pregnant women in the working area of the Sudiang Raya Health Center and Antang Perumnas Makassar City. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions.
RESULTS: The results showed that education affected pregnant women who did not conduct PMTCT examination with p = 0.013 (p <0.05) with odds ratio = 4.571 and there were some variables that were not significant such as age variable with p = 0.700 (p> 0.05), knowledge p = 0.621 (p > 0.05), perceived susceptibility p = 0.467 (p > 0.05), and perceived severity p = 1000 (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that education affects pregnant women who do not conduct PMTCT examinations and for age, knowledge, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity do not affect pregnant women who do not conduct PMTCT examinations in Makassar City.
High Fiber and Beta Carotene from Sweet Potatoes and Pumpkin Improve Insulin Resistance by Inhibition of Sterol Regulatory Binding Protein 1c in Liver of Hypertriglyceridemic Rats
Authors: Sunarti Sunarti , Santoso Umar , Pramana Abrory Agus Cahya , Huriyati Emy , Rubi Dianandha Septiana
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: High sterol regulatory binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression increases triglyceride synthesis, which induces insulin resistance. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from fiber fermentation and beta carotene may inhibit SREBP-1c gene expression.
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the high fiber and beta carotene diet on improving insulin resistance in hypertriglyceridemia rats.
METHODS: A total of 25 Wistar male rats were divided into five groups: (1) Normal control (NC); (2) hypertriglyceridemia control (HC); (3) hypertriglyceridemia rats with treatment 1 (HT1); (4) hypertriglyceridemia rats with treatment 2 (HT2); and (5) hypertriglyceridemia rats with treatment 1 (HT3). The HT1, HT2, and HT3 received fiber 1.0 g; 2.0 g; and 3.1 g and beta carotene 725.7 μg; 1451.5 μg; and 2177.2 μg per day, respectively, for 6 weeks. The HC received high fat and fructose diet and the NC received a standard diet. The levels of triglyceride were analyzed using the colorimetric method before and after treatment. At the end of the study, the expression of SREBP-1c was identified by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: High fat and fructose diet increased the levels of triglyceride (36.53 ± 1.27 vs. 119.79 ± 7.73), but high fiber and beta carotene diet can reduce triglyceride levels in HT1 (94.58 ± 4.53 vs. 77.70 ± 7.97); HT2 (115.58 ± 4.76 vs. 66.90 ± 3.11); and HT3 (103.87 ± 7.47 vs. 62.06 ± 4.45). The decreased triglyceride levels were related to low SREBP-1c gene expression, especially in the liver. Low SREBP-1c gene expression was correlated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index with r = 0.414; p < 0.05 in the liver and r = 0.158; p > 0.05 in white adipose tissues.
CONCLUSION: High fiber and beta carotene diet can improve insulin resistance through inhibition of SREBP-1c gene expression.
Added Value of Modified Anderson–Wilkins Acuteness Score in Prognostication of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Serafimov Aleksandar , Taravari Hajber , Shehu Enes , Kitanoski Darko , Miftari Visar , Georgievska-Ismail Ljubica , Kedev Sasko , Vavlukis Marija
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiogram (ECG) signs on admission can serve as a prognostic marker in patients treated for myocardial infarction (MI).
AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the predictive role of modified Anderson–Wilkins (MAW) ECG score of acuteness on the extent of myocardial injury, left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and clinical outcome in patients with acute MI.
METHODS: Prospective, observational cohort study on patients treated for MI at the University Clinic for Cardiology. Subjects were analyzed for their demographic, clinical, ECG, LV functional, angiographic variables, course of treatment, and in-hospital outcome. MAW score was calculated for each patient. Patients were comparatively analyzed divided in two groups (score <3 and ≥3).
RESULTS: One hundred fifty patients (70% males and 30% females), aged 60.9 years were included in the study. Sixty-eight patients had MAW score <3 (mean 1.7), and 82 had score ≥3 (mean 3.5), p>0.001. Patients with ST-segment elevation MI had OR 2.1 (p>0.000), and patients with multiple locations (excluding anterior) had OR 2.1 (p > 0.000) of having MAW score ≥3. They received mechanical reperfusion 1.9 (p = 0.032) times more often. High MAW score was associated with stress hyperglycemia (OR 2.1; p = 0.032); low potassium (OR 2.8; p = 0.032), lower creatinine (p = 0.050), and higher NT-proBNP (OR 2.5; p = 0.050). High MAW score was associated with decreased LV function and increased LV dimensions on the follow-up echocardiography (p = 0.050 and 0.012, respectively).
CONCLUSION: ECG is an important prognostic tool in MI patients. ECG-derived MAW score demonstrates a strong correlation with stress hyperglycemia, potassium, creatinine, and natriuretic peptides level and can serve as an early marker of LV remodeling after MI.
An Old Therapy, Convalescent Plasma, for Coronavirus Disease-19: Do We Have All the Answer?
Authors: Faried Ahmad , Widowati Wahyu , Anwar Ruswana , Hidajat Nucki Nursjamsi , Harsono Ali Budi , Hermanto Yulius , Azizah Alya Mardhotillah , Aviani Jenifer Kiem
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID-19) has become a global health pandemic by early 2020; it has pushed the health-care system to its limit. From the initial estimates, 15% of COVID-19 patients caused by severe acute respiratory CoV 2 syndrome present with severe symptoms and requires hospitalization or even intensive care. There is no specific treatment against COVID-19, particularly for those with severe symptoms. Desperation caused by COVID-19 has driven clinicians to try an alternative therapies with little or even no-evidence previously. Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) has emerged as a promising COVID-19 therapy. AIM: We aimed to review current state of convalescent plasma therapy. METHODS: We summarize the historical CPT, COVID-19 pathology and evaluate potential of CPT for COVID-19; raising the question regarding routinely administrating CPT to the COVID-19 patients, whether it is safe and effective. RESULTS: From cases in Indonesia and other countries, there is bunch of examples that healthcare workers being negatively stigmatized in case of COVID-19. They lost their rights to have a normal life in this pandemic era. A reasonable basis is found in many literatures to advocate the CPT. Convalescent plasma from COVID-19 patients who had been recovered with high neutralizing antibody titers was reported to be effective on transfusion to other COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: CPT is one good option to treat COVID-19 patients, but it not without risk; many potential candidate treatment that promising in theory but somehow fall apart when translated into clinical study; only time will tell, including our ongoing CPT clinical study.
Effectiveness of the Use of Dexamethasone in Treatment of Coronavirus Infections: A Systematic Review
Authors: Munir Muhammad Ardi , Sarifuddin Sarifuddin , Basry Amirah , Nayoan Christin Rony , Hardiyanti Astri , Cyio Asep Dwitama
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: WHO declared the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 outbreaks as a worldwide pandemic in March 2020. More than 1,500,000 confirmed cases have been diagnosed in more than 130 countries and regions, estimated to cause 93,000 deaths so far recorded on April 10, 2020. There is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for coronavirus.
METHODS: The literature sources from the research were obtained by searching for national and international journals. The journal is indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, e-books, and others. Five journals were obtained, including a literature review, systematic review, and randomized controlled trials (RCT) discussing the use of dexamethasone in COVID-19 therapy, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome.
RESULTS: A study from Oxford University compared 2100 COVID-19 patients who received low and moderate potential dexamethasone at a dose of 6 mg/day for 10 days with 4300 COVID-19 patients who only received standard treatment for coronavirus infection. The results obtained in patients using ventilator mortality decreased from 40% to 28%, and patients using oxygen, the mortality rate decreased from 40% to 20%. The dexamethasone RCT study can reduce the death rate of 1 in 3 COVID-19 patients who received mechanical ventilation therapy and 1 in 5 patients who received oxygen therapy without mechanical ventilation but did not reduce patients’ mortality rate who did not receive therapy oxygen.
CONCLUSION: The use of dexamethasone with oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation can reduce mortality patients with COVID-19.
The Role of High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein Serum in Assessing Troponin T in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Indrajaya Taufik , Saleh Mgs Irsan , Miliyandra Miliyandra
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is increasing worldwide. Inflammation plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and the pathogenesis of acute cardiovascular events. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to have prognostic value in patients with acute coronary syndrome, but the most promising use of CRP has been used for primary use.
AIM: This study was aimed to explore the sensitivity of high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) in assessing troponin T in AMI.
METHODS: The study design was an observational study to assess the sensitivity and specificity of hsCRP against troponin T in patients with AMI with ST-elevation and without ST-elevation. This research was conducted in Palembang, Indonesia. The study subjects were 56 patients with an acute myocardial infusion that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS: The sensitivity of hs-CRP to troponin-T is 93.7%. The specificity of hs-CRP to troponin T was 37.5%. The positive suspected value is 0.9, the estimated negative value is 0.5, the positive likelihood ratio is 1.49, and the negative likelihood ratio is 0.16.
CONCLUSION: hs-CRP is quite sensitive in assessing troponin-T but not specific enough in assessing troponin-T activity.
New Cantharellus species from South Korea
Authors: Buyck Bart , Hofstetter Valérie , Ryoo Rhim , Ka Kang-Hyeon , Antonín Vladimír
Published: December 2020

In this third contribution involving new Cantharellus species from South Korea, two new species are introduced. In addition, we document a first report of the recently described Japanese Cantharellus anzutake outside of Japan based on identical ITS sequence data. Cantharellus citrinussp. nov. is introduced as a new member of subgenus Cinnabarini, to which the closely related Korean C. albovenosus and Chinese C. phloginus also belong. Cantharellus curvatussp. nov. is introduced as a new member of subgenus Parvocantharellus, in which the Korean C. koreanus was recently placed. The respective placements of the new taxa are significantly supported by a phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the transcription elongation factor (tef-1).
Species composition and community structure of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compared among savanna and forest formations in the southwestern Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Silva Jorge Luiz da , Silva Ricardo José da , Fernandes Izaias Médice , Sousa Wesley Oliveira de , Vaz-de-Mello Fernando Zagury
Published: December 2020

Although dung beetles are important members of ecological communities and indicators of ecosystem quality, species diversity, and how it varies over space and habitat types, remains poorly understood in the Brazilian Cerrado. We compared dung beetle communities among plant formations in the Serra Azul State Park (SASP) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sampling (by baited pitfall and flight-interception traps) was carried out in 2012 in the Park in four habitat types: two different savanna formations (typical and open) and two forest formations (seasonally deciduous and gallery). A total of 5,400 individuals collected comprised 57 species in 22 genera. Typical savanna had the greatest species richness and abundance, followed by open savanna and deciduous forest, while the gallery forest had the fewest species but high abundance. Tunnelers (one of three main nesting behavior guilds) showed the greatest richness and abundance (except in the gallery forest, where one dweller species was extremely abundant) in all plant formations. We found that species richness and abundance of the dung beetle community are influenced by differences among plant formations. Habitat heterogeneity in the different plant formations along with anthropic influences (fire, habitat fragmentation) are cited as important factors that explain guild and species richness and distribution patterns. These results emphasize the importance of protected areas, such as SASP, for the maintenance and conservation of species diversity in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Effect of consecutive jumping efforts over several days on kinetic locomotion parameters in unridden horses – a preliminary study
Authors: Lindner A. , Signorini R. , de Oliveira K. , Bollati N. , Nuñiez J.L.
Published: December 2020

There are few studies describing the training of horses used for show jumping and most only in a broad sense. Six unridden horses fitted with an accelerometric device were submitted to consecutive jumping efforts to examine the short-term effect. Horses jumped 13 obstacles away (away) from and returning (return) to their handler. On the first day, the horses jumped the obstacles once (26 jumps). The next day, the horses did the same routine twice and on the fourth day three times. The duration of the away runs was significantly longer than that of the return runs on all days. The comparison of the first exercise sessions on all exercise days showed that the stride frequency was always higher during the return runs than during the away runs and higher on days 2 and 4 than on day 1. The craniocaudal power was higher on days 2 and 4 compared to day 1 and the dorsoventral power higher on day 2 than on day 4. On exercise day 4, stride regularity decreased during the return runs, while the stride frequency increased. The dorsoventral, craniocaudal and total powers were lower during the second and third exercise sessions than during the first exercise session on this day while exercise duration did not change. These results seem to indicate an improved jumping efficiency. In conclusion, the multiple consecutive unridden jumping exercise sessions were well tolerated by the horses. The cause of the locomotion changes needs to be further examined. This exercise can be used to train horses.
Effects of short duration high intensity competition on cardiac and cell damage biomarkers
Authors: Kashef A. , Nikoo A. Sadeghi
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin T (cTnT), cardiac troponin I, and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and the cell damage biomarkers including creatine phosphokinase (CPK), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in response to a short-duration high-intensity competition with correction of the post-exercise raw data with the plasma volume loss in trained athletes. Thirty-two male athletes (age, 26.9±4.7 years) competed in 8 min high-intensity competition. The competition items included: running for 400 meters; three-stage deadlifting; bar pulling up; and 30 kg kettlebell swinging. Venous blood samples were obtained before and immediately after the competition and biomarkers analysed. Plasma volume changes were estimated from haemoglobin and haematocrit readings before and after the competition. A significant increase was shown immediately after the competition compared to resting in cTnT, AST, ALT, CPK, and CRP (P<0/001). CK-MB showed no significant difference. When raw data were corrected for plasma volume loss, CPK showed a significant increase (P<0.001), and LDH and CK-MB a significant decrease (P<0.001), however cTnT, AST, ALT and CRP showed no significant difference. The plasma volume loss can affect the response of cardiac and cellular damage biomarkers to exercise. High-intensity competition for 8 min did not elevate the cardiac biomarkers, but elevated the muscle biomarkers.
El lugar de las enmiendas del Pinciano a la Historia Natural: aciertos únicos, propuestas olvidadas, nuevas soluciones
Authors: Bran García Francisco Javier
Published: December 2020

Las enmiendas del Pinciano (Hernán Núñez de Guzmán) a la obra de Plinio el Viejo supusieron en su época una revolución filológica a la que se fueron acogiendo diversos editores. Sin embargo, su empleo para las ediciones dista de ser uniforme. Algunas de sus propuestas, hoy aceptadas, cuentan con atribuciones erróneas y permanecen silenciadas, mientras que otras, que pueden proporcionar soluciones plausibles para pasajes controvertidos, cayeron en el olvido a raíz de un uso indirecto e incompleto de las mismas. En el presente artículo ubicamos las Obseruationes in loca obscura aut deprauata historiae naturalis (Salamanca, 1544-1545) en un contexto más amplio de comentaristas y recopilamos una selección de los mayores aciertos que contienen, junto con una relación de nuevas propuestas para replantear el contenido de diversos pasajes.