bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An experimental investigation into whether choice architecture interventions are considered ethical
Authors: Turetski Daniella , Rondina Renante , Hutchings Jordan , Feng Bing , Soman Dilip
Published: October 2023

Despite their increasing use, choice architecture interventions have faced criticism for being possibly manipulative and unethical. We empirically explore how an intervention’s acceptability differs by the type of intervention used, by the domain, and by the way in which its implementation and benefits are explained. We employ a 5 × 5 × 5 factorial design with three fully crossed predictor variables: domain, type of intervention, and explanation. We measure participants’ acceptance of the proposed intervention, perceived threat to autonomy and freedom of choice, and belief that the intervention will be successful. We hypothesized that acceptability of the intervention and perceived threat to autonomy will change as a function of the type of intervention used, the domain in which it is implemented, and the rationale for which its use is presented. We find that acceptability of the intervention, perceived threat to autonomy, and belief that the intervention will be successful differ by the type of intervention used and by the domain in which it is implemented. The rationale for the use of the intervention appears to change acceptability of the intervention depending on the type of intervention that is being used, and the domain in which it is implemented. Exploratory analyses were conducted to investigate differences between specific levels within factors, and interactions between factors. Given the variation in acceptability across the three factors, we believe that the discourse about the ethics of choice architecture should avoid generalizations and should instead be at the level of individual interventions in a specific situation. We conclude with a discussion about areas for future research.

Protocol registration

The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 14 October 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21758666.
Hydrodynamics of a cold circulating fluidized bed for methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process: experimental and computational investigation
Authors: Babaei Mojtaba , Movahedirad Salman
Published: October 2023

The present study aims to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of gas–solid flow in a pseudo-two-dimensional cold circulation fluidized bed specifically designed to mimic a plane cut of an industrial methanol-to-olefins (MTO) bed. The solid velocity pattern was experimentally examined using the Particle Image Velocimetry with Digital Image Analysis (PIV-DIA) technique. The hydrodynamics of this pseudo-2D bed were studied using the twoPhaseEulerFoam solver in OpenFOAM, and the adjusted solver was validated through solid particle velocity and solid volume fraction comparisons, showing good agreement with experimental data. Additionally, the study explores different geometries, including symmetric and asymmetric baffles, to understand their impact on the mixing characteristics of the circulating fluidized bed for MTO. The findings highlight the significant role of asymmetric baffles in enhancing mixing behavior. Furthermore, the DIA technique was employed to study the effects of bubbles on gas–solid mixing, revealing that the low mixing region of the bed limited the diameter of bubbles.
Enhancement of electrical conductivity associated with non-bridged oxygen defects in molybdenum phosphate oxide glass via doping of SrO
Authors: Fayad A. M. , Ouis M. A. , Morsi R. M. M. , Elwan R. L.
Published: October 2023

Based on the attractive properties of phosphate glass, improved molybdenum phosphate glasses of composition 40P2O5, 20MoO3, 15MgO, (25-x)Li2O, xSrO, [x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol %] were prepared via the melt-quench technique. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible reflectance and Electron spin resonance (ESR). FTIR confirmed the existence of several structural phosphate groups other than MoO4 and MoO6 units. Optical analysis revealed the active species of molybdenum ions. SrO addition decreases the bandgap energy, converting the glass insulator features into semiconductor properties. The measured AC electrical conductivity (σac) increased within the temperature range of 298–473(K) and decreased in the frequency range of 0.042 kHz–1 MHz. The estimated DC electrical conductivity increased with temperature, suggesting the semiconducting behavior. The highest electrical conductivity was found in base and 5% SrO samples. Therefore, it appears that the prepared glasses are viable candidates for opto-electronic applications.
Increasing rectum–prostate distance using a hydrogel spacer to reduce radiation exposure during proton beam therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Narukawa Tsukasa , Aibe Norihiro , Tsujimoto Masashi , Shiraishi Takumi , Kimoto Takuya , Suzuki Gen , Ueda Takashi , Fujihara Atsuko , Yamazaki Hideya , Ukimura Osamu
Published: October 2023

SpaceOAR, a polyethylene-glycol hydrogel, reduces rectal radiation exposure during radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Previously, our group reported the modified technique of hydrogel insertion, which achieves greater separated distance at prostate-apex. This study aimed to investigate the impact of separated distance at prostate-apex and our modifier technique, on radiation exposure reduction during proton beam therapy (PBT). We included 330 patients undergoing PBT with the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 63 Gray (Gy) for localized prostate cancer, and categorized them into groups 0 (no spacer, n = 141), 1 (separated distance of spacer at the prostate-apex level < 7.5 mm, n = 81), and 2 (distance ≥ 7.5 mm, n = 108). The rectal volumes to receive 30–60 Gy (RBE), was estimated and described as Rectal V30–60 (ml) in 10 Gy increments. The Rectal V30–60 (ml) was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1, and in group 1 than in group 0. After propensity score matching, the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the most significant factor to reduce radiation exposure was our modified technique of hydrogel insertion. Therefore, using a hydrogel spacer to expand the prostate–rectum distance not only at prostate-mid to prostate-base level but also at the prostate-apex level can reduce the radiation exposure in PBT for prostate cancer.
Assessment of hybrid population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following breakthrough infections of distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants by the detection of antibodies to nucleoprotein
Authors: den Hartog Gerco , Andeweg Stijn P. , Hoeve Christina E. , Smits Gaby , Voordouw Bettie , Eggink Dirk , Knol Mirjam J. , van Binnendijk Robert S.
Published: October 2023

Immunity induced by vaccination and infection, referred to as hybrid immunity, provides better protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to immunity induced by vaccinations alone. To assess the development of hybrid immunity we investigated the induction of Nucleoprotein-specific antibodies in PCR-confirmed infections by Delta or Omicron in vaccinated individuals (n = 520). Eighty-two percent of the participants with a breakthrough infection reached N-seropositivity. N-seropositivity was accompanied by Spike S1 antibody boosting, and independent of vaccination status or virus variant. Following the infection relatively more antibodies to the infecting virus variant were detected. In conclusion, these data show that hybrid immunity through breakthrough infections is hallmarked by Nucleoprotein antibodies and broadening of the Spike antibody repertoire. Exposure to future SARS-CoV-2 variants may therefore continue to maintain and broaden vaccine-induced population immunity.
Over-expression of GhACTIN1 under the control of GhSCFP promoter improves cotton fiber and yield
Authors: Iqbal Adnan , Aslam Sibgha , Akhtar Sidra , Ali Qurban , Rao Abdul Qayyum , Husnain Tayyab
Published: October 2023

Actin dynamics is pivotal in controlling cotton fiber elongation and the onset of secondary wall biosynthesis. We report that overexpression of GhACTIN1 under fiber fiber-specific promoter, GhSCFP, improves cotton fiber length, strength, and micronaire value. However, the effect of transgene has a more positive effect on fiber strength and micronaire value than fiber length. F-actin quantification and cellulose contents measurement in transgenic developing cotton fiber during the elongation phase showed an increase of up to 8.7% and 4.7% respectively. Additionally, physiological factors such as water use efficiency showed no significant change in transgenic cotton lines, while stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate were significantly increased. Moreover, agronomical data determined that lint percentage (GOT) and seed cotton yield also increased up to 4.6% and 29.5% respectively, in transgenic cotton lines compared to the control lines. Our data demonstrate that the GhACTIN1 gene is a strong candidate gene for cotton fiber and yield improvement.
Unraveling surface and bulk dynamics of iron(III) molybdate during oxidative dehydrogenation using operando and transient spectroscopies
Authors: Schumacher Leon , Radtke Mariusz , Welzenbach Jan , Hess Christian
Published: October 2023

Iron(III) molybdate (Fe2(MoO4)3) is a commercial catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of methanol, but it has recently been shown to be relevant for other substrates as well. Despite its commercial use, a detailed mechanistic understanding of Fe2(MoO4)3 catalysts at the surface and in the bulk has been lacking, largely hampered by the lack of suitable spectroscopic methods, directly applicable under reaction conditions. Using propane ODH as an example, we highlight the potential of operando Raman and impedance spectroscopy combined with transient IR spectroscopy, to identify surface active sites and monitor the hydrogen transfer and oxygen dynamics. By comparison with the behavior of reference compounds (MoO3, MoOx/Fe2O3) a mechanistic model is proposed. The presence of iron greatly influences the reactivity behavior via oxygen diffusion but is moderated in its oxidative capacity by surface MoOx. Our approach directly elucidates fundamental properties of Fe2(MoO4)3 of general importance to selective oxidation catalysis.
Design of prime-editing guide RNAs with deep transfer learning
Authors: Liu Feng , Huang Shuhong , Hu Jiongsong , Chen Xiaozhou , Song Ziguo , Dong Junguo , Liu Yao , Huang Xingxu , Wang Shengqi , Wang Xiaolong , Shu Wenjie
Published: October 2023

Prime editors (PEs) are promising genome-editing tools, but effective optimization of prime-editing guide RNA (pegRNA) design remains a challenge owing to the lack of accurate and broadly applicable approaches. Here we develop Optimized Prime Editing Design (OPED), an interpretable nucleotide language model that leverages transfer learning to improve its accuracy and generalizability for the efficiency prediction and design optimization of pegRNAs. Comprehensive validations on various published datasets demonstrate its broad applicability in efficiency prediction across diverse scenarios. Notably, pegRNAs with high OPED scores consistently show significantly increased editing efficiencies. Furthermore, the versatility and efficacy of OPED in design optimization are confirmed by efficiently installing various ClinVar pathogenic variants using optimized pegRNAs in the PE2, PE3/PE3b and ePE editing systems. OPED consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches. We construct the OPEDVar database of optimized designs from over two billion candidates for all pathogenic variants and provide a user-friendly web application of OPED for any desired edit.
Poly(ferrocenylene iminoborane): an inorganic–organic hybrid polymer comprising a backbone of moderately interacting ferrocenes
Authors: Zeh Vivien , Schneider Johannes S. , Bachmann Jonas , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Helten Holger
Published: October 2023

The first example of a poly(ferrocenylene iminoborane), a novel class of BN-linked polyferrocenes, and monodisperse ferrocenylene iminoborane oligomers are presented.
Self-assembly of alkylated lysine-dendron oxytocin amphiphiles for enhanced stability and sustained pharmacological activity
Authors: Xie Fengjuan , Lin Yingying , Andersson Åsa , Vetter Irina , Zhao Liang , Wan JingJing
Published: October 2023

Herein, we designed alkylated lysine-dendron oxytocin amphiphiles (ALOAs) 1G-OTK and 2G-OTK, which were self-assembled into spherical nanoparticles and nanostrips, respectively, and showed superior stability compared to native oxytocin.
A high-performance crystalline Ti2O1.3(PO4)1.6/TiO2 carbon-coated composite as an anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zheng Yayun , Yi Yuefo , Yang Ziyi , Zhou Wenbin , Wang Yichao , Chen Zhengfei
Published: October 2023

A C@Ti2O1.3(PO4)1.6/TiO2 composite with crystalline Ti2O1.3(PO4)1.6 is synthesized by a glucose-modified hydrothermal method, which significantly improves the electrochemical performance of LIBs.
Hierarchical assembly of foldable polymers and applications in organic optoelectronics and antibacterial or antiviral materials
Authors: Barman Ranajit , Mukherjee Anurag , Nag Atish , Rajdev Priya , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: October 2023

This Feature Article describes recent progress in the area of chain-folding regulated self-assembly of segmented polymers and direct correlation between secondary structure of the polymers with their functional properties.
New Schiff base salts as sources of blue and green light in the solid state: the role of the anion and protonation
Authors: Sobczak Paulina , Sierański Tomasz , Świątkowski Marcin , Trzęsowska-Kruszyńska Agata
Published: October 2023

Shining light on Schiff base salts' fluorescence: understanding the critical role of anions and protonation in the evolution of emissive materials.
Active control of circular dichroism in a graphene–metal hybridized metamaterial driven by symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum
Authors: Ma Tian , Sang Wei , Tian Jiangkun , Ma Lingyun , Ma Li , Li Jun
Published: October 2023

A dynamically tunable graphene-metal hybridized metamaterial driven by symmetric-protected BIC is proposed for manipulating chiroptical responses with enhanced circular dichroism and large modulation depths.
New two-dimensional flat band materials: B3C11O6 and B3C15O6
Authors: Dong Jialuo , Zhou Pan , Hu Yuzhong , Sun Lizhong
Published: October 2023

Two new two-dimensional single-layer materials exhibit nearly flat bands near the Fermi level.
Use of machine learning for monitoring the growth stages of an agricultural crop
Authors: Ahmed Shara , Basu Nabanita , Nicholson Catherine E. , Rutter Simon R. , Marshall John R. , Perry Justin J. , Dean John R.
Published: October 2023

As one of the world's major crops, oats (Avena sativa L.) require management strategies to increase their yield and quality.
Versatility and stability optimization of flow-focusing droplet generators via quality metric-driven design automation
Authors: McIntyre David , Lashkaripour Ali , Arguijo Diana , Fordyce Polly , Densmore Douglas
Published: October 2023

This work presents two new quality metrics for droplet generation, versatility and stability.
Advances in layer-by-layer processing for efficient and reliable organic solar cells
Authors: Mishra Amaresh , Bhuyan Nirmala Niharika , Xu Haijun , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: October 2023

This review presents the development of solution-processed layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition as a promising technique for the fabrication of organic solar cells using fullerene/fullerene-free acceptors.
Upstream mobility and swarming of light activated micromotors
Authors: Wu Bingzhi , Rivas David P. , Das Sambeeta
Published: October 2023

Swarms of light-activated micromotors were created and moved against fluid flows in microchannels.
The combustion-supporting mechanism of fluoropolymers on aluminum particles studied using reactive dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Jingyan , Li Yaning , Han Zhiwei , He Biao , Xu Sen
Published: October 2023

In order to clarify the combustion-supporting mechanism of fluoropolymers, this work focuses on the atomic details of the oxidation of Al nanoparticles with the fluoropolymers and O2, using reactive dynamics simulations.
Molecular precursor approach to develop catalytically relevant nanosized metals, palladium chalcogenides and ternary/quaternary metal chalcogenides
Authors: Kedarnath G. , Jain Vimal K.
Published: October 2023

Recent past, inorganic chemistry has made inroads in nanoscience & technology. This essay offers an overview of molecular precursors for NP synthesis. Applications of these NPs in catalysis and multinary metal chalcogenide NPs synthesis have been reviewed.
Copper-based inorganic nanozymes enhance the electrical conductivity of tumors to synergistically induce the pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and apoptosis of tumors
Authors: Qin Xia , Xiao Jianmin , Li Huimin , Huang Hai , Jin Hongyuan , Zhang Yu , Tian Geng , Wang Gang , Zhang Guilong
Published: October 2023

Electrotherapy (ET) effectively ablates solid tumors, inhibiting their growth.
Recent progress in the development of tin tungstate (α-SnWO4) photoanodes for solar water oxidation
Authors: Kong Heejung , Abdi Fatwa F.
Published: October 2023

Tin tungstate is an emerging complex oxide photoelectrode for solar water splitting. Here, recent developments in the material are thoroughly reviewed, summarizing its properties, different syntheses, limitations, modification strategies and outlook.
Asymmetric synthesis of metallacarboranes using a traceless chiral auxiliary
Authors: Jiao Jiao , He Pei , Yang Tilong , Zhang Tingwei , Wang Linghua , Han Tian , Nie Yong , Lin Zhenyang , Li Pengfei
Published: October 2023

An asymmetric synthesis of chiral metallacarboranes using a traceless chiral N-tertbutylsulfinamide auxiliary is reported.
A halogen bonding molecular tweezer
Authors: Vonnemann Christoph J. , Bulfield David , Engelage Elric , Huber Stefan M.
Published: October 2023

The first molecular tweezer based solely on halogen bonding coordinates bifunctional substrates in a pincer-like fashion.
Processing on crystal growth, structure, thermal property, and nuclear magnetic resonance of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite type [NH3(CH2)6NH3]ZnCl4 crystal
Authors: Lim Ae Ran , Kim Sun Ha
Published: October 2023

Organic–inorganic hybrid compounds have recently gained significant attention in recent years due to their diverse applications.
Towards sustainable synthesis: a life cycle assessment of polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) by green mechanosynthesis
Authors: Loh Ching Yoong , Huang Rui , Bell Roy , Xie Ming
Published: October 2023

Mechanochemistry represents an emerging technology that facilitates chemical reactions through the application of mechanical energy.
Operation and Control of an Active Power Collector for Roadside Feeding Electric Road System
Authors: Ali Saleh A. , Pickert Volker , Alharbi Mohammed A. , Li Handong , Patsios Haris
Published: October 2023

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) as an environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuel cars faces a range of technological obstacles, including battery technology, charging infrastructure, and standardization. Dynamic conductive road charging (DCRC) of EVs at high speed has the potential to overcome the technical limitations of existing static charging methods. An intelligent motorway system for EVs called tracked electric vehicle (TEV) was proposed to incorporate the latest technologies of dynamic road charging, autonomous driving, and smart city data into transport infrastructure. This paper presents the operation and control of an active bipolar power collection unit (PCU) for the TEV system. The PCU is seamlessly integrated within the wheel structure of an EV using the concept of a stationary‐hub wheel, enabling conductive power transfer from roadside conduction rails while the vehicle is in motion. The PCU is equipped with various features designed to maintain the contact force (CF) with the conduction rails, effectively handle instances of wheel bouncing and vibrations, and ensure a consistently smooth dynamic power transfer. This paper presents the experimental validations of the active PCU controls, including the operation sequence of the PCU, CF control, and PCU interaction with wheel bouncing.
An adaptive fuzzy control technique for a high‐speed vehicular platoon experiencing communication delays
Authors: Li Handong , Wu Haimeng , Gulati Ishita , Ali Saleh A. , Pickert Volker , Dlay Satnam
Published: October 2023

Vehicle platooning is seen as an enabler to improve driving safety, traffic congestion and stress‐free driving. A platoon is a highly non‐linear system and fuzzy control is able to deal with those systems. This paper presents a pioneering solution to the complex problem of vehicle platooning. Our adaptive controller seamlessly integrates fuzzy logic with conventional PID control technology, thereby ensuring safe and efficient travel for vehicles within a platoon. The key objectives of this controller encompass the maintenance of a consistent inter‐vehicle time gap and the consideration of time‐varying parameter uncertainties and communication delays between vehicles. It provides mathematical proof of the stability of the platoon formation using the Routh–Hurwitz theorem and a set of equations that describe the platoon's overall performance. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is effective in controlling vehicle platoons, even in the presence of random communication delays, resulting in improved driving safety and reduced traffic congestion.
Constraining the magnetic field geometry of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0030+0451 from joint radio, thermal X-ray, andγ-ray emission
Authors: Pétri J. , Guillot S. , Guillemot L. , Cognard I. , Theureau G. , Grießmeier J.-M. , Bondonneau L. , González-Caniulef D. , Webb N. , Jankowski F. , Kravtsov I. P. , McKee J. W. , Carozzi T. D. , Cecconi B. , Serylak M. , Zarka P.
Published: October 2023

Context.With the advent of multi-wavelength electromagnetic observations of neutron stars – spanning many decades in photon energies – from radio wavelengths up to X-rays andγ-rays, it has become possible to significantly constrain the geometry and the location of the associated emission regions.

Aims.In this work, we use results from the modelling of thermal X-ray observations of PSR J0030+0451 from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) mission and phase-aligned radio andγ-ray pulse profiles to constrain the geometry of an off-centred dipole that is able to reproduce the light curves in these respective bands simultaneously.

Methods.To this aim, we deduced a configuration with a simple dipole off-centred from the location of the centre of the thermal X-ray hot spots. We show that the geometry is compatible with independent constraints from radio andγ-ray pulsations only, leading to a fixed magnetic obliquity ofα ≈ 75° and a line-of-sight inclination angle ofζ ≈ 54°.

Results.We demonstrate that an off-centred dipole cannot be rejected by accounting for the thermal X-ray pulse profiles. Moreover, the crescent shape of one spot is interpreted as the consequence of a small-scale surface dipole on top of the large-scale off-centred dipole.
Age-dating the young open cluster UBC 1 with g-mode asteroseismology, gyrochronology, and isochrone fitting
Authors: Fritzewski D. J. , Van Reeth T. , Aerts C. , Van Beeck J. , Gossage S. , Li G.
Published: October 2023

Aims. UBC 1 is an open cluster discovered in Gaia data and located near the edge of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite’s (TESS) continuous viewing zone. We aim to provide age constraints for this poorly studied open cluster from the combination of gravity-mode (g-mode) asteroseismology, gyrochronology, and isochrone fitting.

Methods. We established the members of UBC 1 from a spatial-kinematic filtering and estimate the cluster age and its parameters. Firstly, we fitted rotating isochrones to the single star cluster sequence. Secondly, using TESS time-series photometry, we explored the variability of the upper main sequence members and identified potential g-mode pulsators. For one star, we found a clear period spacing pattern that we used to deduce the buoyancy travel time, the near-core rotation rate, and an asteroseismic age. For a third independent age estimate, we employed the rotation periods of low-mass members of UBC 1.

Results. Based on isochrone fitting, we find log t = 8.1 ± 0.4, where the large uncertainty occurs because UBC 1 does not host evolved stars. From asteroseismology of one g-mode pulsator, we find a constrained age of log t = 8.24−0.14+0.43. From gyrochronology based on 17 cool star cluster members, we estimate log t = 8.35−0.25+0.16. Combined, all three methods lead to a consistent age in the range of 150 − 300 Myr.

Conclusions. Our results show that even a single cluster member with identified g modes can improve age-dating of young open clusters. Combining the gyrochronology of low-mass members with asteroseismology of intermediate-mass members is a powerful tool for young open cluster modelling, including high-precision age-dating.
Degradation of tetracycline in water by activating peroxymonosulfate with nano zero-valent iron loading on nitrogen-containing biochar
Authors: Qin Hangdao , Cheng Hao , Huang Jiming , Wu Sizhan
Published: October 2023

To inhibit the agglomeration of nano zero-valent iron (Fe0) during the reaction, Fe0/NBC supported catalyst was prepared by loading Fe0 on the surface of nitrogen-containing biochar (NBC), and characterized by X-ray diffractometer, specific surface area analyzer and scanning electron microscopy. Fe0/NBC was applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of tetracycline (TC), and the results indicated that of 93.1% TC was removed after 120 min of reaction. Fe0/NBC showed higher catalytic activity than that of pure Fe0 and NBC. The effects of inorganic ions and natural organic matters on the catalytic performance of was investigated, and the produced reactive oxygen species in Fe0/NBC/PMS system were determinated by radical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests. Stability experiments suggested Fe0/NBC had a good reusability and showed good application prospect in the treatment of antibiotics in the wastewater.
Research on the Guidance Mechanism for the Price Signal of Power Grid Connection Service
Authors: Jia Jingzi , Zeng Ming
Published: October 2023

At present, the utilization hours of thermal power continue to decline, and renewable energy generation also has a serious socket phenomenon, so it is necessary to guide the construction of power side selection points through price signals, so as to promote the smooth integration of more power generation into the grid. This study focuses on the connection services provided by grid enterprises to power side and demand side, analyzes and summarizes the connection charging practices of different countries, designs a shallow connection cost recovery model according to energy strategy and the characteristics of supply and demand side in our country, and puts forward feasible suggestions for renewable energy generation connection charging, in order to promote the investment and construction of grid and the consumption of renewable energy.
Study on Polypropylene Composites with High Thermal Conductivity and Its Preparation
Authors: Zhou Haijun , Zhou Mengmeng , Zhang Xiaolei , Zhao Yating , Bai Lu , Chen Xiaoqi , Zhang Fen , Li Yantao
Published: October 2023

Polypropylene (PP) composite materials were prepared through two molding methods of injection and compression molding, taking PP, FG as the matrix and thermal conductive filler. The effects of molding methods and FG content on the thermal conductivity of composite materials were studied, and the SEM, XRD, and thermal expansion properties of the materials were further analyzed. Results showed that thermal conductivity of the composite material increases with increasing of the FG content. When the FG content was 75 wt%, the average thermal conductivity of the composite materials prepared by injection molding and compression molding is 9.88 W·m-1·K-1 and 6.03 W·m-1·K-1, respectively. The axial thermal conductivity is 16.6 W·m-1·K-1 and 1.35 W·m-1·K-1, and the radial thermal conductivity is 5.88 W·m-1·K-1 and 26.9 W·m-1·K-1, respectively. In composite materials formed by injection molding, the flaky FG is mainly oriented vertically, while in compression molding, the flaky FG is mainly oriented horizontally.
Feasibility Study on Frequency Conversion Transformation of Electric Feedwater Pump in Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Zheng Dengke
Published: October 2023

In order to study the feasibility of frequency conversion of electric feedwater pump in nuclear power plant, and to provide reference for the improvement of electric feedwater pump in nuclear power plant and new nuclear power plant, this paper discusses the technical and economic aspects, and analyzes the feasibility of frequency conversion transformation of electric feed pump in nuclear power plant. The results show that there is no technical difficulty for the electric feedwater pump of nuclear power plant from the technical point of view, and the economic analysis shows that it will take about 4 years to recover the cost for the frequency conversion of the electric feedwater pump of nuclear power plant. Therefore, the frequent participation in the peak load of the power grid units can be considered for transformation, For the nuclear power units that serve as the base load of the power grid, the cost can be recovered in about 6 years by eliminating the loss of capacity, and they can be retrofitted according to the needs of the plants themselves.
Study on Water Sinking Sand Method for Sand Backfilling
Authors: Wang Shijie , Chi Bo , Wang Xinzhi , Liu Bin , Li Chunchao
Published: October 2023

Based on the partial culvert backfilling project of the JI-HEI Expressway construction in Heilongjiang Province, China, this study investigates the impact of the physical and mechanical characteristics of backfill sand on the compaction degree of sand backfilled using the water sinking sand method. The research includes on-site sampling of the backfill sand, indoor geotechnical testing, water sinking sand method backfilling, and compaction degree testing of the backfilled material. The study explores the particle size distribution, moisture content, density, compaction characteristics, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), rebound modulus, and other physical and mechanical attributes of the sand. It also delves into the water sinking sand method backfilling process and the compaction degree of the soil layer after backfilling. The findings indicate that the backfill sand in this project is a loose, medium to coarse sand with a low moisture content. Its maximum dry density is approximately 1.92 g/cm³, and the optimal moisture content is around 8%. When the sand reaches maximum dry density, both CBR value and rebound modulus reach their highest levels. The reduction in rebound modulus of the sand is not significant, suggesting good water stability. The actual compaction degree of the soil layer achieved through water sinking sand method backfilling ranges from 96% to 99%, meeting the compaction requirements of conventional engineering practices. The application of the water sinking sand method for sand backfilling is characterized by its simplicity, high construction efficiency, and quality assurance, making it suitable for widespread adoption in future engineering projects.
Prolonged Deep Hypothermia
Authors: Rygg I.H. , Borgeskov Sv. , Arnfred I
Published: October 2023

Observations made during and after prolonged deep hypothermia (7 hours between 6-20° C) are reported in a case operated for a rhinopharyngeal haemangioma with severe blood loss during cardiopulmonary bypass. Near normal numerical values of the acid-base parameters when corrected to the current temperature were aimed at. No organic damages could with certainty be described to the hypothermia itself or to the prolonged perfusion.

A case of prolonged, deep hypothermia during the application of cardiopulmonary bypass will be reported. For literature and for the theoretical background of using deep hypothermia the reader is referred to a review by I. H. Rygg (1969).
Bridging the Gap: A Systematic Review on Reporting Baseline Characteristics, Process, and Outcome Parameters in Rectosigmoid Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Rossi Daniel , Löf Granström Anna , Teunissen Nadine M. , Wijnen René M.H. , Wester Tomas , Sloots Cornelius E.J.
Published: October 2023

The variation in standardized, well-defined parameters in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) research hinders overarching comparisons and complicates evaluations of care quality across healthcare settings. This review addresses the significant variability observed in these parameters as reported in recent publications. The goal is to compile a list of commonly described baseline characteristics, process and outcome measures, and to investigate disparities in their utilization and definitions. A systematic review of literature on the primary care process for HSCR was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant literature published between 2015 and 2021 was obtained by combining the search term “Hirschsprung's disease” with “treatment outcome,” “complications,” “mortality,” “morbidity,” and “survival” in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We extracted study characteristics, reported process and outcome parameters, and patient and disease characteristics. We extracted 1,026 parameters from 200 publications and categorized these into patient characteristics (n = 226), treatment and care process characteristics (n = 199), and outcomes (n = 601). A total of 116 parameters were reported in more than 5% of publications. The most frequently reported characteristics were sex (88%), age at the time of surgery (66%), postoperative Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (64%), type of repair (57%), fecal incontinence (54%), and extent of aganglionosis (51%). This review underscores the pronounced variation in reported parameters within HSCR studies, highlighting the necessity for consistent, well-defined measures and reporting systems to foster improved data interpretability. Moreover, it advocates for the use of these findings in the development of a Core Indicator Set, complementing the recently developed Core Outcome Set. This will facilitate quality assessments across pediatric surgical centers throughout Europe.
Pneumonectomy with Carinal Sleeve Resection in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Herrmann Dominik , Starova Urim , Oggiano Melanie , Luta Luiza Alexandra , Hamouri Shadi , Ewig Santiago , Hecker Erich , Scheubel Robert
Published: October 2023

Background Carinal sleeve resection with pneumonectomy is one of the rarest procedures in thoracic surgery, but for locally advanced central lung cancer with infiltration of the carina, it is an option to achieve complete resection. Additionally, it might be the method of choice for patients with stump insufficiency after pneumonectomy or in the cases with anastomosis dehiscence after sleeve lobectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morbidity and long-term survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent sleeve pneumonectomy, either for curative intent or as an option to treat postoperative complications.

Methods All consecutive patients with NSCLC who underwent carinal sleeve pneumonectomy for the aforementioned indications in our department between December 2021 and September 2003 were included in this study. An analysis of demographic characteristics, perioperative variables, and long-term survival was carried out. Data were evaluated retrospectively.

Results Fifty patients underwent pneumonectomy with carina sleeve resection. Thirty-one cases for curative treatment of NSCLC (primary sleeve pneumonectomy [pSP]) and 19 patients were treated because of postpneumonectomy bronchial stump insufficiency or bronchial anastomosis dehiscence (secondary sleeve pneumonectomy [sSP]). Complications occurred in 30 patients (60%) and the 90-day mortality was 18% (n = 9). Patients with pSP had an estimated overall survival of 39.6 months, compared to estimated overall survival for patients after sSP of 24.5 months (p = 0.01). The N status did not appear to affect outcomes.

Conclusion Carinal sleeve resection with pneumonectomy is a feasible procedure with limited morbidity and mortality. This procedure is a reasonable therapeutic option for patients with locally advanced central NSCLC after mandatory patient selection.
From Augmented to Virtual Reality in Plastic Surgery: Blazing the Trail to a New Frontier
Authors: Sullivan Janessa , Skladman Rachel , Varagur Kaamya , Tenenbaum Elijah , Sacks Jacob L. , Martin Cameron , Gordon Terry , Murphy John , Moritz William R. , Sacks Justin M.
Published: October 2023

Background Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)—termed mixed reality—have shown promise in the care of operative patients. Currently, AR and VR have well-known applications for craniofacial surgery, specifically in preoperative planning. However, the application of AR/VR technology to other reconstructive challenges has not been widely adopted. Thus, the purpose of this investigation is to outline the current applications of AR and VR in the operative setting.

Methods The literature pertaining to the use of AR/VR technology in the operative setting was examined. Emphasis was placed on the use of mixed reality technology in surgical subspecialities, including plastic surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, colorectal surgery, neurosurgery, otolaryngology, neurosurgery, and orthopaedic surgery.

Results Presently, mixed reality is widely used in the care of patients requiring complex reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton for pre- and intraoperative planning. For upper extremity amputees, there is evidence that VR may be efficacious in the treatment of phantom limb pain. Furthermore, VR has untapped potential as a cost-effective tool for microsurgical education and for training residents on techniques in surgical and nonsurgical aesthetic treatment. There is utility for mixed reality in breast reconstruction for preoperative planning, mapping perforators, and decreasing operative time. VR has well- documented applications in the planning of deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps by creating three-dimensional immersive simulations based on a patient's preoperative computed tomography angiogram.

Conclusion The benefits of AR and VR are numerous for both patients and surgeons. VR has been shown to increase surgical precision and decrease operative time. Furthermore, it is effective for patient-specific rehearsal which uses the patient's exact anatomical data to rehearse the procedure before performing it on the actual patient. Taken together, AR/VR technology can improve patient outcomes, decrease operative times, and lower the burden of care on both patients and health care institutions.
Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Flap: Vascular Pattern and Territory Across the Midline
Authors: Lohasammakul Suphalerk , Tonaree Warangkana , Suppasilp Chaiyawat , Numwong Terasut , Ratanalekha Rosarin , Han Hyun Ho
Published: October 2023

Background Superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap offers a significant advantage of lower donor site morbidity over other abdominal-based flaps for breast reconstruction. However, the inconsistent anatomy and territory across the midline remains a major issue. This study aimed to investigate the SIEA and determine its pattern and territory across the midline.

Methods Twenty cadavers were studied. Ipsilateral dye was injected to the dominant SIEA. Dissection was performed to evaluate the SIEA origin, artery and vein pattern, vessel diameter, and dye diffusion territory.

Results Overall, three SIEA patterns were identified: bilateral presence (45%), ipsilateral presence (30%), and bilateral absence (25%). The territory depended on the vessel course and dominant SIEA diameter, not on its common origin from the femoral artery, at the pubic tubercle level. Regarding the midline territory (pubic tubercle level to umbilicus), SIEA (type 1a) with a diameter of ≥1.4 mm on either side supplied at least half the distance, whereas SIEA with a diameter of <1 mm was limited to the suprapubic area.

Conclusion Designing a SIEA flap island across the midline is feasible when contralateral SIEA is present to augment the contralateral territory (e.g., type 1a SIEA) or in SIEA with a common/superficial external pudendal artery origin. Preoperative imaging studies are important for confirming the SIEA system. When the diameter at the origin of the SIEA flap is larger than 1.4 mm, the blood supply to the ipsilateral and contralateral sides is sufficient to enable safe flap elevation.
Patient-Reported Abdominal Morbidity Following Abdomen-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Maus Jacob , Pestana Ivo A.
Published: October 2023

Background Abdominal wall morbidity occurs with increased frequency following flap harvest in the obese abdomen. Its impact on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in breast reconstruction has been poorly characterized.

Methods A retrospective review of obese patients undergoing abdominal-based free autologous breast reconstruction was conducted over 15 years. Patient operative characteristics were recorded and outcomes were analyzed. PROs were assessed using the BREAST-Q abdominal survey.

Results In total, 75 women (108 flaps) with the mean body mass index (BMI) of 33.2 were included. Flaps included deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (24%), muscle-sparing (43%), and free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps (f-TRAM; 33%). World Health Organization (WHO) obesity class, BMI, and flap type did not affect flap failure (1%) or complication rates. Hernia developed in 7%; all necessitated repair. Eight percent developed abdominal bulge; one was repaired. Hernia formation was associated with increased patient age (p < 0.05). Bulge formation occurred more often in f-TRAM donor sites (p = 0.005). BMI, WHO class, flap type, and mesh use were not related to hernia or bulge occurrence in either univariate or multivariate analysis. The survey response rate was 63%. Abdominal Physical Well-Being (proxy for abdominal wall function) and Satisfaction with Abdomen (patient-perceived cosmesis) were similar across flap types, age, and WHO classification groups. Patients with postoperative bulge reported higher abdominal physical well-being scores, regardless of flap type (p < 0.01). Bulge was correlated with lower satisfaction (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The incidence of abdominal wall morbidity following abdominal free-tissue transfer for breast reconstruction was acceptably low in our population of obese patients. Hernia was a clinically significant complication, warranting surgical repair. Bulge was primarily a cosmetic concern and did not detract from patient-reported abdominal wall function. Age may represent an independent risk factor for hernia formation in this population.
Billing and Utilization Trends in Reconstructive Microsurgery Indicate Worsening Access to Care
Authors: Koh Daniel J. , Gong Jung Ho , Sobti Nikhil , Mehrzad Raman , Beqiri Dardan , Ahn Sophia , Maselli Amy , Kwan Daniel
Published: October 2023

Background Within the last 20-years, Medicare reimbursements for microsurgery have been declining, while physician expenses continue to increase. As a result, hospitals may increase charges to offset revenue losses, which may impose a financial barrier to care. This study aimed to characterize the billing trends in microsurgery and their implications on patient care.

Methods The 2013 to 2020 Provider Utilization and Payment Data Physician and Other Practitioners Dataset was queried for 16 CPT codes. Service counts, hospital charges, and reimbursements were collected. The utilization, weighted mean reimbursements and charges, and charge-to-reimbursement ratios (CRRs) were calculated. The total and annual percent changes were also determined.

Results In total, 13 CPT codes (81.3%) were included. The overall number of procedures decreased by 15.0%. The average reimbursement of all microsurgical procedures increased from $618 to $722 (16.7%). The mean charge increased from $3,200 to $4,340 (35.6%). As charges had a greater increase than reimbursement rates, the CRR increased by 15.4%. At the categorical level, all groups had increases in CRRs, except for bone graft (−49.4%) and other procedures (−3.5%). The CRR for free flap breast procedures had the largest percent increase (47.1%). Additionally, lymphangiotomy (28.6%) had the second largest increases.

Conclusion Our analysis of microsurgical procedures billed to Medicare Part B from 2013 to 2020 showed that hospital charges are increasing at a faster rate than reimbursements. This may be in part due to increasing physician expenses, cost of advanced technology in microsurgical procedures, and inadequate reimbursement rates. Regardless, these increased markups may limit patients who are economically disadvantaged from accessing care. Policy makers should consider legislation aimed at updating Medicare reimbursement rates to reflect the increasing complexity and cost associated with microsurgical procedures, as well as regulating charge markups at the hospital level.
Imagining Brexit, reimagining Britain
Authors: Hay Colin
Published: October 2023

There are times in the political life of any nation in which its imagining and reimagining become more intensely political, more conscious and more consciously intersubjective. Brexit has provided, provides today and will surely continue to provide a series of such moments. In and through a critical appreciation of Benedict Anderson’s famous reflections on the nation as an ‘imagined community', I consider the (necessarily) imagined character of Brexit and the reimaginings of Britain that its imagining envisaged. I reflect on whether—and if so how and in what ways—‘actually existing Brexit’ is likely to pose a reality check on imagined Brexit, exploring in the process some of the wider political implications.
A novel approach to measuring local mechanical properties via photothermal excitation of an atomic force microscope probe using an optical pump–probe inspired design
Authors: Eichfeld Devon A. , Maniyara Rinu Abraham , Robinson Joshua A. , Foley Brian M. , Ramos-Alvarado Bladimir
Published: October 2023

Obtaining and improving measurements of mechanical properties at the nanoscale has been made possible through the continuous advancement of atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques over the past several decades. Among these advancements include implementing multifunctional AFM probes and developing new detection schemes that enable sensitivity to local mechanical properties. In this work, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept for a detection scheme that enables a standard AFM configuration to produce qualitative local mechanical property maps through the use of an optical pump–probe scheme, alleviating a common requirement of incorporating additional piezoelectric actuators. Data from this work are presented for silicon carbide and epitaxially grown graphene on silicon carbide. Through preliminary analysis of resonant frequency maps acquired through dual-frequency resonance tracking, the local stiffness and elastic modulus can be estimated at each point. This work contributes to the field of scanning probe microscopy by providing a new opportunity for AFM systems that are not currently equipped for a mechanical mode to obtain local mechanical property data.