bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Improve the Growth of Persea americana var. Zutano under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Solórzano-Acosta Richard , Toro Marcia , Zúñiga-Dávila Doris
Published: February 2023

In Peru, almost 50% of the national agricultural products come from the coast, highlighting the production of avocado. Much of this area has saline soils. Beneficial microorganisms can favorably contribute to mitigating the effect of salinity on crops. Two trials were carried out with var. Zutano to evaluate the role of native rhizobacteria and two Glomeromycota fungi, one from a fallow (GFI) and the other from a saline soil (GWI), in mitigating salinity in avocado: (i) the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, and (ii) the effect of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on salt stress tolerance. Rhizobacteria P. plecoglissicida, and B. subtilis contributed to decrease the accumulation of chlorine, potassium and sodium in roots, compared to the uninoculated control, while contributing to the accumulation of potassium in the leaves. Mycorrhizae increased the accumulation of sodium, potassium, and chlorine ions in the leaves at a low saline level. GWI decreased the accumulation of sodium in the leaves compared to the control (1.5 g NaCl without mycorrhizae) and was more efficient than GFI in increasing the accumulation of potassium in leaves and reducing chlorine root accumulation. The beneficial microorganisms tested are promising in the mitigation of salt stress in avocado.
Biotechnological Fungal Platforms for the Production of Biosynthetic Cannabinoids
Authors: Kosalková Katarina , Barreiro Carlos , Sánchez-Orejas Isabel-Clara , Cueto Laura , García-Estrada Carlos
Published: February 2023

Cannabinoids are bioactive meroterpenoids comprising prenylated polyketide molecules that can modulate a wide range of physiological processes. Cannabinoids have been shown to possess various medical/therapeutic effects, such as anti-convulsive, anti-anxiety, anti-psychotic, antinausea, and anti-microbial properties. The increasing interest in their beneficial effects and application as clinically useful drugs has promoted the development of heterologous biosynthetic platforms for the industrial production of these compounds. This approach can help circumvent the drawbacks associated with extraction from naturally occurring plants or chemical synthesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the fungal platforms developed by genetic engineering for the biosynthetic production of cannabinoids. Different yeast species, such as Komagataella phaffii (formerly P. pastoris) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been genetically modified to include the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway and to improve metabolic fluxes in order to increase cannabinoid titers. In addition, we engineered the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum for the first time as a host microorganism for the production of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid from intermediates (cannabigerolic acid and olivetolic acid), thereby showing the potential of filamentous fungi as alternative platforms for cannabinoid biosynthesis upon optimization.
A Narrative Review on REM Sleep Deprivation: A Promising Non-Pharmaceutical Alternative for Treating Endogenous Depression
Authors: Crișan Cătălina Angela , Milhem Zaki , Stretea Roland , Țața Ioan-Marian , Cherecheș Răzvan Mircea , Micluția Ioana Valentina
Published: February 2023

Endogenous depression represents a severe mental health condition projected to become one of the worldwide leading causes of years lived with disability. The currently available clinical and non-clinical interventions designed to alleviate endogenous depression-associated symptoms encounter a series of inconveniences, from the lack of intervention effectiveness and medication adherence to unpleasant side effects. In addition, depressive individuals tend to be more frequent users of primary care units, which markedly affects the overall treatment costs. In parallel with the growing incidence of endogenous depression, researchers in sleep science have discovered multiple links between rapid eye movement (REM) sleep patterns and endogenous depression. Recent findings suggest that prolonged periods of REM sleep are associated with different psychiatric disorders, including endogenous depression. In addition, a growing body of experimental work confidently describes REM sleep deprivation (REM-D) as the underlying mechanism of most pharmaceutical antidepressants, proving its utility as either an independent or adjuvant approach to alleviating the symptoms of endogenous depression. In this regard, REM-D is currently being explored for its potential value as a sleep intervention-based method for improving the clinical management of endogenous depression. Therefore, this narrative review represents a comprehensive inventory of the currently available evidence supporting the potential use of REM-D as a reliable, non-pharmaceutical approach for treating endogenous depression, or as an adjuvant practice that could improve the effectiveness of currently used medication.
Serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Subclasses in a Cohort of Systemic Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Pellicano Chiara , Colalillo Amalia , Cusano Giuseppina , Palladino Andrea , Pellegrini Marica , Callà Cinzia Anna Maria , Mazzuccato Giorgia , Carnazzo Valeria , Pignalosa Stefano , Di Biase Luigi , Marino Mariapaola , Basile Umberto , Rosato Edoardo
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To assess serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses in a cohort of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and to evaluate the influence of IgG subclasses in the main complications of the disease. Methods: The serum level of IgG subclasses was evaluated in 67 SSc patients and 48 healthy controls (HC), matched for sex and age. Serum samples were collected and measured IgG1–4 subclasses by turbidimetry. Results: SSc patients had lower median total IgG [9.88 g/l (IQR 8.18–11.42 g/l) vs. 12.09 g/l (IQR 10.24–13.54 g/l), p < 0.001], IgG1 [5.09 g/l (IQR 4.25–6.38 g/l) vs. 6.03 g/l (IQR 5.39–7.90 g/l), p < 0.001], and IgG3 [0.59 g/l (IQR 0.40–0.77 g/l) vs. 0.80 g/l (IQR 0.46–1 g/l), p < 0.05] serum levels compared to HC. The logistic regression analysis showed IgG3 as the only variable associated with the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco) ≤60% of the predicted [OR 9.734 (CI 95%: 1.312–72.221), p < 0.05] and modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) [OR 1.124 (CI 95%: 1.019–1.240), p < 0.05], anti-topoisomerase I [OR 0.060 (CI 95%: 0.007–0.535), p < 0.05], and IgG3 [OR 14.062 (CI 95%: 1.352–146.229), p < 0.05] as variables associated with radiological interstitial lung disease (ILD). Conclusion: SSc patients have reduced levels of total IgG and an altered IgG subclass distribution compared to HC. Moreover, SSc patients show different serum IgG subclasses profiles according to the main involvement of the disease.
Surviving Black Swans II: Timing the 2020–2022 Roller Coaster
Authors: Topiwala Pankaj
Published: February 2023

Unbeknownst to the public, most investment funds actually underperform the broader market. Yet, millions of individual investors fare even worse, barely treading water. Algorithmic trading now accounts for over 80% of all trades and is the domain of professionals. Can it also help the small investor? In a previous paper, we laid the foundations of a simple algorithmic market timing approach based on the moving average crossover concept which can indeed both outperform the broader market and reduce drawdowns, in a way that even the retail investor can benefit. In this paper, we extend our work to study the recent volatile time period, 2020–2022, and especially the unexpected market roller coaster of 2022, to see how our ideas hold up. While our methods overall would not have made gains in 2022, they would have suffered lessor drawdowns than the market, and made consistent gains over longer periods, including the volatile 2020–2022 period. In addition, at least one of our algorithms would have made handsome profits even in 2022, and can generally negotiate black swans well.
Shared Accommodation Services in the Sharing Economy: Understanding the Effects of Psychological Distance on Booking Behavior
Authors: Zhang Song , Lu Yongsheng , Lu Baozhou
Published: February 2023

The sharing economy has risen rapidly in the past decade. The development of shared accommodation encourages more hotels and guesthouses to attract customers through online accommodation-sharing platforms, which has become a meaningful way to fight against the competition of the traditional hotel industry. In this condition, what the hosts are concerned about most is how to attract customers’ attention through the platform display to increase reservations. Based on construal level theory, this paper explores how hosts’ information displayed on online accommodation-sharing platforms determines consumers’ booking behavior by influencing their psychological distance. We use machine learning methods to mine the raw data and extract the representational factors of psychological distance. Based on the data-driven behavior decision-making approach, we collected valid large-scale fine-grained secondary actual consumption data from Airbnb, the world’s leading online accommodation-sharing platform, and scientifically and intelligently processed the data using machine learning methods, then tested the hypotheses using the regression analysis software STATA15. Our findings suggest that both social distance and temporal distance have a negative impact on booking behavior of guests. In detail, subject diversity, perspective taking, and facial attractiveness in the dimension of social distance positively influence guests’ booking behavior; instant bookable in the temporal distance dimension positively affects booking behavior, while response time has a negative effect. This study contributes to the literature by empirically examining psychological distance in the booking behavior of guests in shared accommodation through the processing and analysis of actual consumption data. The findings have important practical implications for how shared accommodation service providers and sharing economy platform managers can operate better.
Supply Chain Disruption versus Optimization: A Review on Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain
Authors: Kashem Mohammad Abul , Shamsuddoha Mohammad , Nasir Tasnuba , Chowdhury Asma Akter
Published: February 2023

In response to significant disruption, supply chain optimization became sensitive to increasing consumer expectations, unexpected demand fluctuation, and inventory costs. Proactive movement, understanding, and empowerment have fostered the beneficial results of supply chain optimization, cooperation, and operational resilience. These pioneering activities are critical to achieving a paradigm shift in the supply chain, even agility in response to changing demand. However, sophisticated analytics such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain are supposed to overcome these challenges to make smarter decisions on a daily basis. Due to these facts, this study aimed to model AI’s and blockchain’s role in supply chain optimization by conducting a systematic literature review based on the idealized framework of Rejeb et al. (2022) and the SALSA mechanism. In addition, this paradigm-shifting approach will provide fairer views and options for managing forecasting, planning, monitoring, and reporting across the entire supply chain. The emphasis remains on real-time accuracy, easy access, and optimization of operational indicators such as sales, visibility, and end-to-end supply chain operations at all times and from any location. It will be an eye-opening experience to enable stakeholders and partners to communicate information collaboratively, consistently, and efficiently.
Mismatch in Urban Construction Land Use and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Lin Mu , Gao Jingxin , Du Yongjie , Ren Pengyu
Published: February 2023

Seeking land use development strategies is an effective policy tool to support economic development, especially in developing countries. Previous studies evidence the indispensable role of urban construction land use (UCLU) in regional economic development. However, neglecting the two-stage characteristic and mismatch of UCLU could misinterpret the strategy. This study, considering a two-stage characteristic, aims to explore how land use development strategy affects economic development. First, we create a measure for UCLU mismatch. Second, using both linear and nonlinear models, we explore the possible relationship between the land use strategy and economic development. Subsequently, robustness and the potential path-dependent reinforcement loop (PDRL) are discussed further. Finally, the fundamental channels are investigated in the mechanism analysis section. The results confirm that temporary positive effects stimulate economic development, whereas permanent potential negative effects undermine robust economic development. In addition, the PDRL shows that irrational adoption of the strategy would mean succumbing to low- and medium-industries. We also find that land and capital demonstrate exogenous properties that function as visible hands, with economic regulation exploring UCLU mismatches and misallocation of resources. However, the overuse of these two policies could lead to an unhealthy cycle of mutually reinforcing adverse effects. Based on these findings, we propose policy recommendations to support the rational use of this strategy.
Understanding and Applications of Tensors in Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of the Manas River Basin
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ren Huize , Dong Xiaobin , Wang Xuechao , Liu Mengxue , Zhang Ying , Zhang Yufang , Huang Jiuming , Dong Shuheng , Xiao Ruiming
Published: February 2023

Ecosystem services (ESs) are a multiple whole composed of multiple services and their multiple relations, which can be expressed as tensors (multiple functions of multiple vectors). This study attempts to introduce the concept and method of tensors into ES research to solve problems caused by the multiplicity of ESs, such as multiple descriptions and perceptions of ESs, repeated calculation of ES values, and cascading relationships with the social economy. Taking the Manas River Basin composite ecosystem as an example, we constructed five different types of ES tensors based on different understandings and applications: (1) As multiple vectors, three eigenvectors were extracted from the ES state tensor (ESST), including farmland service (FS), vegetation service (VS) and water service (WS). According to the ES response tensor (ESRT), an increase in FS may lead to a decline in overall services. (2) As multiple functions, the ES value (ESV) of the basin was measured by the ESV metric tensor (ESVMT), with a gross value of 14.8 billion USD and a net value of 10.17 billion USD. From different stakeholders perceptions constructed by the ecosystem services to human well-beings (ES-HW) tensor, the human well-being values (HWV) were ranked as citizens > farmers ≈ herdsmen > public. (3) The HWV output efficiency of different LULC per unit of water use was calculated by a fourth-order mixed tensor constructed by water–LULC–ES–HW multiple cascading relations. Among them, the HWV efficiency of water areas and wetlands was the highest, but the area was the smallest. Cultivated land and unused land had the lowest HWV efficiency and largest area. In general, the ES tensor is the extension and integration of the ES scalars/indicators to the ES vectors/bundles, which can provide tools for the integral expression, objective measurement and multiple perceptions of ESs.
Investigating the Mechanisms Underlying the Low Irradiance-Tolerance of the Economically Important Seaweed Species Pyropia haitanensis
Authors: Ji Dehua , Zhang Yichi , Zhang Bao , Xu Yan , Xu Kai , Chen Changsheng , Xie Chaotian
Published: February 2023

Pyropia haitanensis, one of the most economically and ecologically important seaweed species, is often exposed to persistent or transient low irradiance (LI), resulting in limited yield and quality. However, the mechanisms mediating P. haitanensis responses to LI are largely unknown. In this study, LI-tolerant (LIT) and LI-sensitive (LIS) P. haitanensis strains were compared regarding their physiological and transcriptomic changes induced by 1 and 4 days of LI (5 μmol photons/m2·s). The results indicated that the inhibition of photomorphogenesis and decreases in photosynthesis and photosynthetic carbon fixation as the duration of LI increased are the key reasons for retarded blade growth under LI conditions. A potential self-amplifying loop involving calcium signaling, phosphatidylinositol signaling, reactive oxygen species signaling, and MAPK signaling may be triggered in blades in response to LI stress. These signaling pathways might activate various downstream responses, including improving light energy use, maintaining cell membrane stability, mitigating oxidative damage, to resist LI stress. Additionally, the LIT strain maintained transcriptional homeostasis better than the LIS strain under LI stress. Specifically, photosynthesis and energy production were relatively stable in the LIT strain, which may help to explain why the LIT strain was more tolerant to LI stress than the LIS strain. The findings of this study provide the basis for future investigations on the precise mechanisms underlying the LI stress tolerance of P. haitanensis.
Effects of Pirfenidone on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression and Safety: Results of Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Avdeev Sergey , Ilkovich Mikhail , Terpigorev Stanislav , Moiseev Sergey , Tyurin Igor
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) seen in clinical practice. Fifty-five adults with IPF were enrolled in this multicenter, open-label, non-randomized, non-controlled, interventional clinical study. All patients received pirfenidone 2403 mg/day (three 267 mg capsules three times daily) for 26 weeks. After 26 weeks of treatment, the mean change in absolute forced vital capacity (FVC) was 128.8 mL (95% confidence interval [CI] −26.8, 284.4) and the mean change in relative predicted FVC was −0.10% (95% CI −3.18, 2.99). Stable disease (defined as improvement of ≥0% or a decline of <10% to 0% of the corresponding FVC value) was observed in most patients (relative FVC, 90.9%; absolute FVC, 83.6%). There was no statistically significant change in the mean high-resolution computed tomography fibrosis score or lung opacity score at week 26 compared with baseline. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 80% of patients during the treatment period; most of them were mild or moderate in severity. No serious pirfenidone-related adverse events were observed during the study period. Pirfenidone was generally safe and effective for controlling functional decline and stabilizing disease in patients with IPF encountered in clinical practice in Russia.
New Optimized Lubricating Blend of Peanut Oil and Naphthenic Oil Additivated with Graphene Nanoparticles and MoS2: Stability Time and Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Walvekar Rashmi , Bhaumik Shubrajit , Nagarajan Thachnatharen , Khalid Mohammad , Rasheed Abdul Khaliq , Gupta Thummalapalli Chandra Sekhara Manikyam , Paleu Viorel
Published: February 2023

Lubricants are essential to machinery life, as they play a crucial role in controlling and diminishing the friction and wear between moving parts when operated under extreme conditions. To this end, due to tight environmental conditions, manufacturers are looking for alternative solid lubricants to be dispersed in base liquid lubricants. MoS2 and graphene are solid lubricants that provide low frictional properties and high thermal stability in both oxidizing and non-oxidizing environments. This research offers a new lubricant with improved thermal conductivity that combines the synergistic effect of graphene and MoS2 in a blend of vegetable oil (peanut) and naphthenic oil. The ratio of peanut oil and naphthenic oil varies from 1:3–3:1. A fixed composition of 4.34 wt.% palm oil methyl ester (POME) is added to enhance the anti-wear property further. Graphene and MoS2 concentrations varied between 1:2–5:2, respectively. This nanoparticle additive oil blend is physically mixed using a water bath sonication for 4 h. The stability of the blend lubricant dispersed with MoS2 and graphene is studied using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer for 25 days. The effect of various concentrations of graphene, MoS2, peanut oil, and naphthenic oil on the thermal conductivity of the nanolubricant is also studied as a function of temperature (25 °C–55 °C). Artificial neural network models were used for the parametric investigation of the nanolubricant. It is found that the stability of the formulated nanolubricant increased with peanut oil composition above 25 wt.%. The results show that the 3:1 blend ratio showed higher stability for hybrid MoS2-based lubricants. Similarly, the highest thermal conductivity is observed for 100 wt.% naphthenic oil with a 1:2 ratio of graphene–MoS2 at 55 °C.
Influence of Hafnium Addition on the Microstructure, Microhardness and Corrosion Resistance of Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)20−xHfx (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 at.%) High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Glowka Karsten , Zubko Maciej , Gębura Sandra , Świec Paweł , Prusik Krystian , Szklarska Magdalena , Stróż Danuta
Published: February 2023

The presented work aimed to investigate the influence of the hafnium/(zirconium and molybdenum) ratio on the microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)20−xHfx (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 at.%) high entropy alloys in an as-cast state produced from elemental powder and obtained via the vacuum arc melting technique. All studied alloys contained only biocompatible elements and were chosen based on the thermodynamical calculations of phase formation predictions after solidification. Thermodynamical calculations predicted the presence of multi-phase, body-centered cubic phases, which were confirmed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Segregation of alloying elements was recorded using elemental distribution maps. A decrease in microhardness with an increase in hafnium content in the studied alloys was revealed (512–482 HV1). The electrochemical measurements showed that the studied alloys exhibited a high corrosion resistance in a simulated body fluid environment (breakdown potential 4.60–5.50 V vs. SCE).
Reasonable Design of MXene-Supported Dual-Atom Catalysts with High Catalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A First-Principles Investigation
Authors: Wang Erpeng , Guo Miaoqi , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei
Published: February 2023

MXene-supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) for water splitting has attracted extensive attention. However, the easy aggregation of individual metal atoms used as catalytic active centers usually leads to the relatively low loading of synthetic SACs, which limits the development and application of SACs. Herein, by performing first-principles calculations for Pt and 3d transition metal single atoms immobilized on a two-dimensional (2D) Mo2TiC2O2 MXene surface, we systematically studied the performance of heterogeneous dual-atom catalysts (h-DACs) in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Significantly, h-DACs exhibit higher metal atom loading and more flexible active sites compared to SACs. Benefiting from these features, we found that Pt/Cu@Mo2TiC2O2 heterogeneous DACs exhibits excellent HER activity with ultra-low overpotential |ΔGH∗| (0.04 eV), lower than the corresponding Pt@Mo2TiC2O2 (0.14 eV) and Cu@Mo2TiC2O2 (0.33 eV) SACs, and even lower than that of Pt (0.09 eV). Meanwhile, Pt/Ni@Mo2TiC2O2 exhibits superior OER activity with ultra-low overpotential ηOER (0.38 V), lower than that of Pt@Mo2TiC2O2 (1.11 V) and Ni@Mo2TiC2O2 (0.57 V) SACs, and even lower than that of RuO2 (0.42 V) and IrO2 (0.56 V). Our finding paves the way for the rational design of h-DACs for HER and OER with excellent activity, which provides guidance for other catalytic reactions.
Size Effect on the Post-Necking Behaviour of Dual-Phase 800 Steel: Modelling and Experiment
Authors: Zhang Lintao , Harrison Will , Mehraban Shahin , Brown Stephen G. R. , Lavery Nicholas P.
Published: February 2023

This work investigated the feasibility of using a miniaturised non-standard tensile specimen to predict the post-necking behaviour of the materials manufactured via a rapid alloy prototyping (RAP) approach. The experimental work focused on the determination of the Lankford coefficients (r-value) of dual-phase 800 (DP800) steel and the digital image correlation (DIC) for some cases, which were used to help calibrate the damage model parameters of DP800 steel. The three-dimensional numerical simulations focused on the influence of the size effect (aspect ratio, AR) on the post-necking behaviour, such as the strain/stress/triaxiality evolutions, fracture angles, and necking mode transitions. The modelling showed that although a good correlation can be found between the predicted and experimentally observed ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and total elongation. The standard tensile specimen with a gauge length of 80 mm exhibited a fracture angle of ∼55°, whereas the smaller miniaturised non-standard specimens with low ARs exhibited fractures perpendicular to the loading direction. This shows that care must be taken when comparing the post-necking behaviour of small-scale tensile tests, such as those completed as a part of a RAP approach, to the post-necking behaviours of standard full-size test specimens. However, the modelling work showed that this behaviour is well represented, demonstrating a transition between the fracture angles of the samples between 2.5 and 5. This provides more confidence in understanding the post-necking behaviour of small-scale tensile tests.
Ru Catalysts Supported on Bamboo-like N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes: Activity and Stability in Oxidizing and Reducing Environment
Authors: Korobova Arina , Gromov Nikolay , Medvedeva Tatiana , Lisitsyn Alexander , Kibis Lidiya , Stonkus Olga , Sobolev Vladimir , Podyacheva Olga
Published: February 2023

The catalysts with platinum-group metals on nanostructured carbons have been a very active field of research, but the studies were mainly limited to Pt and Pd. Here, Ru catalysts based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) have been prepared and thoroughly characterized; Ru loading was kept constant (3 wt.%), while the degree of N-doping was varied (from 0 to 4.8 at.%) to evaluate its influence on the state of supported metal. Using the N-CNTs afforded ultrafine Ru particles (<2 nm) and allowed a portion of Ru to be stabilized in an atomic state. The presence of Ru single atoms in Ru/N-CNTs expectedly increased catalytic activity and selectivity in the formic acid decomposition (FAD) but had no effect in catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol, thus arguing against a key role of single-atom catalysis in the latter case. A remarkable difference between these two reactions was also found in regard to catalyst stability. In the course of FAD, no changes in the support or supported species or reaction rate were observed even at a high temperature (150 °C). In CWAO, although 100% conversions were still achievable in repeated runs, the oxidizing environment caused partial destruction of N-CNTs and progressive deactivation of the Ru surface by carbonaceous deposits. These findings add important new knowledge about the properties and applicability of Ru@C nanosystems.
13C, 25Mg, and 43Ca Solid-State NMR for the Purpose of Dolomitic Marbles Provenance Elucidation
Authors: Pianet Isabelle , Gutiérrez Garcia-Moreno Anna , Savin Marie-Claire , Frerebeau Nicolas , Trebosc Julien , Florian Pierre , Lapuente Mercadal M. Pilar
Published: February 2023

The study of the provenance of dolomitic marble artefacts has become relevant since it was discovered that quarries of this marble other than that of Cape-Vathy located on the island of Thasos have been exploited since Antiquity. To improve our knowledge about the provenance of materials and the extent of their dispersion, multiple archaeometric studies were performed in the past including isotope analyses, petrography, cathodoluminescence, and elemental analyses. In the present work, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been added to this panel of techniques. NMR allows the characterization of the material at a molecular level by looking at different nuclei: carbon, magnesium, and calcium. Statistical analysis of the data collected on both quarry samples and archaeologic items was also implemented and clearly demonstrates the efficiency of a holistic approach for provenance elucidation. Finally, the first 25Mg NMR tests have shown the potential of this technique to discriminate between dolomitic marbles of different provenance. The results are discussed in terms of their historical meaning and illustrate the exploitation of sources of dolomitic marbles other than the Greek Thasos source.
Antitumor Effects of Microencapsulated Gratiola officinalis Extract on Breast Carcinoma and Human Cervical Cancer Cells In Vitro
Authors: Navolokin Nikita , Lomova Maria , Bucharskaya Alla , Godage Olga , Polukonova Natalya , Shirokov Alexander , Grinev Vyacheslav , Maslyakova Galina
Published: February 2023

Flavonoid-containing Gratiola officinalis extract has been studied in relation to breast carcinoma and human cervical cancer cells in encapsulated and native form. Encapsulation was realized in polymer shells, which were formed by the layer-by-layer method using sequential adsorption of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) on the destructible cores. The extract was prepared by the author’s method and characterized using high performance liquid chromatography. By means of optical and fluorescent microscopy, cell changes under the action of pure and encapsulated extracts were comprehensively studied, and statistical analysis was carried out. Cells were stained with propidium iodide, acridine orange, and Hoechst 33258. A fluorescence microscope with a digital video camera were used for cell imaging. The encapsulated extract caused 100% death of breast cancer SKBR-3 cells and 34% death of cervical cancer HeLa cells and prevented the formation of autophagosomes in both cultures. Analysis of the viability and morphological features of tumor cells under the action of microencapsulated extract allows us to consider microencapsulation as an effective strategy for delivering Gratiola officinalis extract to tumor cells and a promising way to overcome the protective autophagy.
On the Possibility of Using 3D Printed Polymer Models for Modal Tests on Shaking Tables: Linking Material Properties Investigations, Field Experiments, Shaking Table Tests, and FEM Modeling
Authors: Boron Pawel , Chelmecki Jaroslaw , Dulinska Joanna Maria , Jurkowska Nadzieja , Ratajewicz Bartlomiej , Stecz Piotr , Tatara Tadeusz
Published: February 2023

In this article, the possibility and the pertinence of using 3D printed polymeric materials for models in modal tests on shaking tables were recognized. Four stages of the research have been linked: The material properties investigation, the field experiment on the modal properties of the reinforced concrete chimney (a prototype), the shaking table tests on the modal properties of the 3D printed polymer model of the chimney, scaled according to the similarity criteria, and the numerical calculations of the FE model of the 3D printed mockup. First, the investigation of the properties of 3D printed polymer materials revealed that the direction of lamination had no significant effect on the modulus of elasticity of the material. This is a great benefit, especially when printing models of tall structures, such as chimneys, which for technical reasons could only be printed in a spiral manner with the horizontal direction of lamination. The investigation also proved that the yield strength depended on the direction of the lamination of the specimens. Next, the natural frequencies of the chimney, assessed through the field experiment and the shaking table tests were compared and showed good compatibility. This is a substantial argument demonstrating the pertinence of using 3D printed polymer materials to create models for shaking table tests. Finally, the finite element model of the 3D printed polymer mockup was completed. Modal properties obtained numerically and obtained from the shaking table test also indicated good agreement. The presented study may be supportive in answering the question of whether traditional models (made of the same material as prototypes) used in shaking table tests are still the best solution, or whether innovative 3D printed polymer models can be a better choice, in regard to the assessment of the modal properties and the dynamic performance of structures.
Mechanical Performance Evaluation of Repair Materials Suitable for Mechanical Pressurizing Equipment for Cross-Sectional Repair of Concrete Box Structures
Authors: Choi Jung-Youl , Kim Sun-Hee , Yu Hyeong Sik , Chung Jee-Seung
Published: February 2023

This study entailed performance tests to confirm the bond performance of the proposed new repair material and the pressurization effect of the developed mechanical pressurizing equipment. The physical property changes of the new repair material were reviewed by varying the mixing ratio of high aluminate cement (HAC)-mixed mortar. Strength tests were performed according to the mixing ratios of polymer and silica fume to improve the bond performance. To improve water retention, the mixing ratios of the cellulose and nylon fibers were adjusted, and the change in water retention was measured. The proposed repair material mixing ratio yielded the best performance when pressure was applied to the repair surface. Comparing the existing repair materials and the new repair material prepared by adjusting the ratios of HAC-mixed mortar, cellulose fiber, redispersible powder resin, and other factors confirmed that the new repair material has a high bond strength.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-20Cr-Eu2O3 Composites Prepared by Vacuum Hot Pressing
Authors: Zhou Yihong , Yue Huifang , Ma Zhaohui , Guo Zhancheng , Zhang Jiandong , Wang Lijun , Yan Guoqing
Published: February 2023

Ni-20Cr-Eu2O3 composites were designed as new control rod materials and were synthesized from Ni, Cr, and Eu2O3 mixture powders via ball milling and vacuum hot pressing. During ball milling, Eu2O3 was fined, nano-crystallized, amorphized, and then dissolved into matrix. The effect of Eu2O3 content on the microstructure and mechanics was researched, and the corresponding mechanism was discussed. The relative densities, grain sizes, and microhardness increased when Eu2O3 content increased. According to the TEM observations, Eu2O3 particles showed a semi-coherent relationship with the matrix. The results of mechanical property testing showed that the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation decreased with the Eu2O3 content increased. The maximum ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation were 741 MPa, 662 MPa, and 4%, respectively, with a 5 wt.% Eu2O3 addition. The experimental strengths were well matched with the theoretical values calculated by the strengthening mechanisms indicating that this method was highly effective for predicting the mechanical properties of Ni-20Cr-Eu2O3 composites.
The Selection of the Best Derivatization Reagents for the Determination of Polyamines in Home-Made Wine Samples
Authors: Kmieciak Anna , Jastrzębska Aneta , Szymańska Karolina , Krzemiński Marek P. , Muzioł Tadeusz M. , Kurzawa Marzanna , Szłyk Edward
Published: February 2023

The procedures of putrescine, spermine, spermidine, and cadaverine derivatization using 2-chloro-1,3-dinitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene, and 3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isothiocyanate for chromatographic determination in home-made wine samples are compared in the present study. The procedures discussed were compared regarding simplicity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The polyamines derivatives were isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography and 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The obtained structures of aliphatic amines showed that all amino groups, four in spermine, two in putrescine and cadaverine, and three in spermidine, regardless of the applied reagent, were substituted. The applicability of the described procedures was tested during the chromatographic analysis of the compounds’ content in home-made wines. For this purpose, a simple and environmentally friendly sample preparation procedure was developed. The obtained results present the derivatization of polyamines with 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene as a better choice for the determination of these compounds in food samples.
Effects of Scanning Speed on the Polished Surface Quality of Mold Steel by Dual-Beam Coupling Nanosecond Laser
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Chen Xiaoxiao , Zhang Wenwu , Ruan Dianbo
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a novel dual-beam coupled nanosecond laser was used to polish S136D mold steel. The effects of scanning speed, total fluence, spot overlap ratio, and SPSN on surface quality were analyzed. The polished surface roughness Ra without ultrasonic cleaning is too large due to slag, splash, and dust produced by laser polishing. When scanning speed is 1250 mm/min, surface roughness Ra with ultrasonic cleaning is reduced from the original surface 1.92 μm to 0.72 μm, and the surface roughness Ra is reduced by 62.50%. When the Ftot is 35.38 J/cm2, the minimum value of surface roughness Ra is 0.72 μm. If the total fluence is higher or lower, it is not conducive to reducing the surface roughness, the total fluence is higher, and there is a polished surface with SOM phenomenon. The polished surface with spot overlap ratio of 98.55% has a smooth morphology, and a minimum value of surface roughness Ra of 0.41 μm. When the specimen is inclined at a certain angle, the high-magnification camera captures color on the polished surface. It is found that the microscopic texture of molten material flow trace and polishing scanning track is obvious. Polished surface is mainly distributed with Fe, Cr, C, and O elements. The surface material processing speed per unit time is low, and the polishing surface quality is improved less. The maximum surface roughness Ra is 1.98 μm. The minimum Ra of polished surface with smoother morphology is 0.41 μm, and surface profile height is basically the same. The research results show that the new dual-beam coupled nanosecond laser polishing technology can improve surface quality of materials. This research work provides process guidance for laser polishing effect analysis and mechanism innovation.
Stents in Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Graczyk Szymon , Pasławski Robert , Grzeczka Arkadiusz , Litwińska Liza , Jagielski Dariusz , Pasławska Urszula
Published: February 2023

Stenting in veterinary medicine has been a rapidly growing method of interventional surgery for several years. This procedure is usually performed in the respiratory and urinary tracts, but there are cases of stenting of blood vessels or gastrointestinal structures. It is based on maintaining the permeability of a given tubular structure, thus allowing the passage of gas or liquid. This procedure is often performed as a first-line treatment in situations where pharmacological agents do not work and as an alternative method, often cheaper than the classically performed ones. There are also cases where stenting is used as a palliative treatment, e.g., to enable defecation in colonic obstruction due to tumour infiltration of the colon wall. Stenting is often a life-saving or comfort-improving procedure for animals, but one should also be aware of possible postoperative complications and be prepared for any adversity. For this reason, this review provides an insight into the current knowledge in veterinary medicine about stenting and the consequences associated with this procedure.
Study on the Mechanical Properties of Cast-In-Situ Phosphogypsum as Building Material for Structural Walls
Authors: Yang Qizhu , Xiang Ze , Liu Taoyong , Deng Changqing , Zhang Huagang
Published: February 2023

The application of cast-in-situ phosphogypsum as the wall material of building structures can greatly reduce the environmental pollution caused by phosphogypsum. Through the uniaxial compression test of cast-in-situ phosphogypsum specimens, the compressive strength of cast-in-situ phosphogypsum is determined, the constitutive relationship of the material is drawn up, and the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the material are determined. The results show that when the strain of the specimen is close to the peak strain, the cast-in-situ phosphogypsum has brittle properties and rapidly fails, where the failure state is mainly splitting failure. The retarder has a great influence on the peak stress. When the content of the retarder is about 0.3%, the peak stress is 8.6 MPa and the ultimate strain is 2.54 × 10−3, while the peak stress is 2.8 MPa and the ultimate strain is 2.01 × 10−3. The three segment constitutive fitted equations reflect all the characteristics of the compression specimen. When the strength of the cast-in-situ phosphogypsum is high, the elastic modulus is also high. When the content of the retarder is about 0.3%, the elastic modulus is 5300 MPa, and when the content of retarder is far greater than 0.3%, the elastic modulus is 2000 MPa. The Poisson’s ratio of material is recommended as 0.19.
Influence of Mechanical Screened Recycled Coarse Aggregates on Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Tang Waiching , Khavarian Mehrnoush , Yousefi Ali , Landenberger Bill , Cui Hongzhi
Published: February 2023

The use of recycled coarse aggregates (RA) in concrete is a sustainable alternative to non-renewable natural aggregate (NA) to fabricate concrete products using in concrete structures. However, the adhered mortar on the surface of RA would considerably impact the qualities of concrete products. As a practical treatment procedure, mechanical screening can remove the adhered mortar. This research aims to study the influence of mechanical screening on the fundamental properties of RA and the resulting self-compacting concrete (SCC). The RA were mechanically screened up to four times, and their physical properties including particle size distribution, water absorption, and crushing value were investigated. The properties of RA-SCC including workability, density, compressive and tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity, and microstructure were also examined. The results demonstrated that screening reduced the water absorption of RA from 6.26% to 5.33% and consequently enhanced the workability of RA-SCC. Furthermore, it was shown that increasing the screening up to twice improved the mechanical properties of concrete. In particular, screening increased the compressive strength of concrete by 15–35% compared to the concrete with unscreened RA. Similar improvements were found in tensile strength as well as the elastic modulus results. The microstructure of screened RA-SCC was comparable to that of the control concrete, showing minimal porosity and cracks along the interfacial transition zone. In conclusion, once or twice screening is recommended to the recycling facility plant to remove adequate amount of adhered mortar and fines while preventing damages to the RA. Improving the quality of RA via mechanical screening is one of the promising approaches to increase their potential for use in concrete, thereby reducing extraction of natural resources and promoting a circular economy.
Magnetic-Field-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Engineering of Fe3O4 Ultrathin Films on MgO(111)
Authors: Dziwoki Adam , Blyzniuk Bohdana , Freindl Kinga , Madej Ewa , Młyńczak Ewa , Wilgocka-Ślęzak Dorota , Korecki Józef , Spiridis Nika
Published: February 2023

Molecular beam epitaxy is widely used for engineering low-dimensional materials. Here, we present a novel extension of the capabilities of this method by assisting epitaxial growth with the presence of an external magnetic field (MF). MF-assisted epitaxial growth was implemented under ultra-high vacuum conditions thanks to specialized sample holders for generating in-plane or out-of-plane MF and dedicated manipulator stations with heating and cooling options. The significant impact of MF on the magnetic properties was shown for ultra-thin epitaxial magnetite films grown on MgO(111). Using in situ and ex situ characterization methods, scanning tunneling microscopy, conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, and the magneto-optic Kerr effect, we showed that the in-plane MF applied during the reactive deposition of 10 nm Fe3O4(111)/MgO(111) heterostructures influenced the growth morphology of the magnetite films, which affects both in-plane and out-of-plane characteristics of the magnetization process. The observed changes are explained in terms of modification of the effective magnetic anisotropy.
Compositionally Complex Alloys: Some Insights from Photoemission Spectroscopy
Authors: Pervan Petar , Mikšić Trontl Vesna , Figueroa Ignacio Alejandro , Valla Tonica , Pletikosić Ivo , Babić Emil
Published: February 2023

Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) is an underrepresented part of current and past studies of compositionally complex alloys (CCA) such as high-entropy alloys (HEA) and their derivatives. PES studies are very important for understanding the electronic structure of materials, and are therefore essential in some cases for a correct description of the intrinsic properties of CCAs. Here, we present several examples showing the importance of PES. First, we show how the difference between the split-band structure and the common-band structure of the valence band (VB), observed by PES, can explain a range of properties of CCAs and alloys in general. A simple description of the band crossing in CCAs composed from the early and late transition metals showing a split band is discussed. We also demonstrate how a high-accuracy PES study can determine the variation in the density of states at the Fermi level as a function of Cu content in Ti-Zr-Nb-Ni-Cu metallic glasses. Finally, the first results of an attempt to single out the contributions of particular constituents in Cantor-type alloys to their VBs are presented. The basic principles of PES, the techniques employed in studies presented, and some issues associated with PES measurements are also described.