bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ‘learning to learn competence’ from the Health Sciences perspective. A qualitative validation study The ‘LTL’ competence in Health Sciences. A qualitative validation study
Authors: López Bernardo Gargallo , Iranzo Àngels Cebrià i , Chust Benjamín Sarrià , Garcés Amparo Benavent , García-García Fran J. , López-Francés Inmaculada
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
‘Learning to learn’ (LTL) is a key competence proposed to education systems by the European Commission (EC, 2005). To date, no agreement on LTL has yet been reached by scholars to establish the required theoretical model to incorporate this competence into curricula. Our research team aimed to design and validate an integral model to use it as a reference. This model consisted of five dimensions; cognitive, metacognitive, affective-motivational, social-relational and ethical; and 20 subdimensions. The first three dimensions came from strategic and self-regulated learning, the fourth from the socio-cognitive approach and the fifth was an original contribution. Students, teachers, professionals and employers from Health Sciences were inquired to validate this model.
Methods
To do so, qualitative methods were used by developing four focus groups (n=20). The participants were asked a general question about LTL and their discussion was recorded. Later these tapes were transcribed and processed with Atlas ti.8. to compare the coded contents with the theoretical model. The presence and relevance of the initial model’s dimensions and subdimensions were analyzed by considering comment frequency, connection and interrelationship.
Results
The results confirmed the initial model: the participants highlighted all the dimensions and almost all the subdimensions.
Conclusions
A future research line would be to devise a standardized assessment instrument for university students based on this theoretical model. Limitations and implications for practice are discussed
Changes in Soybean Yield Components in Response to Dicamba
Authors: Foster Matthew R. , Griffin James L.
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Dicamba off‐target movement to sensitive soybean is a major concern.

Soybean has the ability to compensate through increased branching when exposed to dicamba during the vegetative growth stage.

The reproductive growth stage of soybean was the most sensitive growth stage to dicamba off‐target movement.

Yield predictions were greatly improved using measured growth parameters.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] containing a genetic trait that confirms resistance to dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid) has provided growers with an alternative method of control for broadleaf weeds that are resistant to Group 9 and 14 herbicides. These applications of dicamba have resulted in significant off‐target movement and injury to susceptible soybean. Soybean plants can exhibit dicamba symptoms on leaves in the upper canopy and the terminal bud, leaf petioles, stems, and pods. Using symptoms of leaf cupping or leaf crinkling to forecast yield loss may cause unnecessary concern and place growers in a predicament in regard to the economic value of crop inputs for the remainder of the growing season. With regard to soybean yield components, exposure to 0.6 g ha−1 dicamba reduced main stem height 47% for V3–V4 and 11% for R1–R2. The reduction in main stem height for 0.6 g ha−1 dicamba resulted in a 53% reduction in main stem pod production compared with the nontreated control for the V3–V4 application timing, but only 11% reduction for the R1–R2 application timing. Main stem height reduction was observed for 0.6 g ha−1 dicamba at V3–V4, but was accompanied by an increase in the number of lateral branches and lateral branch pod production. With seed per pod unaffected by dicamba, total seed production and yield following 0.6 g ha−1 dicamba at V3–V4 was equivalent to the nontreated control. At higher dicamba rates, seed yield reduction was attributed to production of fewer nodes and seed per plant.
Limiting Water Range: A Case Study for Compacted Subsoils
Authors: Pulido‐Moncada Mansonia , Munkholm Lars J.
Published: August 2019

There is a need for improved knowledge of the limits to the available water range for root growth in the subsoil. The objective of this study was to recalculate the upper and lower limits of the least limiting water range (LLWR) concept by using respectively the air‐filled porosity (εa) at which 0.005 of the relative gas diffusivity (Ds/Do) is reached and readily available water (RAW). The refined upper limit estimates the variation in εa related to pore connectivity and the refined lower limit expresses the boundary at which plants suffer physiological water stress. This study was based on soil sampled in compaction trials on two sandy loam soils. Soil samples were taken from plots with no compaction (Control), and compaction with 78 kN (M8) and 58 kN (M6) wheel loads with multiple wheel passes. The soil cores were analyzed for εa, Ds/Do, bulk density (ρb) and penetration resistance (PR). Heavy farm machinery impact of M8 and M6 led to subsoil compaction up to depth of 0.5 to 0.7 m for the soils under study. The subsoil structure was affected by compaction across depths with the decrease in εa (∼33–46%) and Ds/Do (∼37–61%) and increase in ρb (∼4–8%) and PR (∼40–50%, at −100 hPa at 30‐cm depth). The refined LLWR showed a wider water range compared to the original approach. We anticipate that the refined LLWR well reflects the limiting soil physical conditions for root growth for the studied soils, but validation by combined soil physical and plant growth measurements is needed.

Core Ideas

Heavy traffic‐induced compaction narrows LLWR in the subsoil.

Air permeability at critical limit of gas diffusivity take in pore organization.

Using readily available water as the lower limit represents a drought stress boundary.
Spectral Induced Polarization of Biochar in Variably Saturated Soil
Authors: Gao Z. , Haegel F.‐H. , Esser O. , Zimmermann E. , Vereecken H. , Huisman J.A.
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Water retention and spectral induced polarization were measured for biochar in sand.

Water retention curves could be fitted by using a dual porosity model.

Residual water content was found to increase with the addition of biochar.

The polarization of sand–biochar mixtures was much larger than that for sand.

Spectral induced polarization may be suitable for monitoring biochar in the field.

Biochar is considered a promising soil amendment, but an effective method to detect and characterize the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of biochar in soil is still missing. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method for the noninvasive detection of biochar in unsaturated sandy media. In particular, a pure sand and two sand–biochar mixtures with 1 and 2% biochar made from pine (Pinus spp.) wood by pyrolysis at 800°C were investigated. The measured SIP spectra as a function of saturation were interpreted by fitting a Cole–Cole model to the low‐frequency part of the SIP measurements. The porous nature of the biochar particles strongly affected the SIP response of the partially saturated sand–biochar mixtures. Due to the high residual water content of the biochar in a dry background, the relationship between bulk electrical conductivity and water saturation was nonlinear in a log–log representation. This nonlinear behavior could adequately be explained with a dielectric mixing model that considered the drainage of the biochar particles. Both the measured phase and chargeability of the sand–biochar mixtures showed a complex dependence on water saturation. This was attributed to the decrease in polarization strength of the biochar particles with desaturation and the simultaneous increase in phase of the sand background. Overall, the results of this study suggest that field SIP measurements may be a promising tool for the characterization and monitoring of biochar amendments to agricultural soils.
Impact of Infiltration Rate on Residual Air Distribution and Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Sacha Jan , Snehota Michal , Trtik Pavel , Hovind Jan
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Infiltration experiments were conducted on a sample under two boundary conditions.

Time‐lapse neutron imaging was used to determine water distribution in the sample.

Significant air entrapment was detected in the case of slow drip irrigation infiltration.

Gravity‐driven ponding infiltration led to much less air entrapment.

Air entrapment led to one order of magnitude lower conductivity in the case of drip irrigation.

The dynamics of water infiltration into soil have a strong influence on the subsequent distribution of air trapped inside pores. We present results of two infiltration experiments conducted on an artificially prepared sample under ponding and drip irrigation boundary conditions, with concurrent neutron imaging of the sample. A cylindrical sample was packed with two grades of sand and disks of fine porous ceramic in an axially symmetrical geometry. The configuration of the sample provided a number of interfaces between regions of higher and lower hydraulic conductivity. Infiltration was started in dry media. The bottom boundary condition was seepage face. Water was applied on the sample surface during the experiment with drip irrigation at a water application rate about one order of magnitude lower than the minimum flux reached during the ponding experiment. Despite this low application rate, ponding eventually occurred on the top of the sample due to an unexpectedly low infiltration rate. Neutron tomographic imaging revealed massive air entrapment in the coarse sand regions of the sample during slow infiltration under drip irrigation conditions. In contrast, during the ponded infiltration experiment, the air was mostly flushed out from the coarse sand regions by gravity‐driven water flow due to greater hydraulic head. Neutron imaging showed that the capillary barrier effect, air entrapment, and entrapped air redistribution were responsible for the observed low infiltration capacity of the sample during the slow‐infiltration‐dominated drip irrigation experiment. It is reasonable to assume that similar phenomena can occur in natural soils having highly heterogeneous structures.
Reconstructing a Fractured Indigenous Knowledge System
Authors: Jimoh Anselm Kole
Published: August 2019

Afričko iskustvo kolonizacije zavijestilo je kulturu epistemološkog utišavanja afričke domorodačke epistemologije monokromatskom logikom zapadnog mišljenja. Sistematično je obezvrijedila afričke domorodačke sustave znanja time što je afrički intelektualni pogon predstavljala kao
alogičan i ponekad primitivan. Odmah po kolonijalnom iskustvu, pokušaji
nekih afričkih istraživača da utvrde dubinu afričkog obrazovanja razlomilo je afričke sustave znanja. Do toga je došlo jer su pokušali koristiti zapadnjačku logiku i modele kao paradigme za istraživanje, ispitivanje i ocjenjivanje afričke prakse znanja. U ovom istraživanju argumentiram za potrebu rekonstruiranja razlomljenog sustava afričkog domorodačkog znanja. Predstavit ću kako su sustavi afričkog domorodačkog
znanja (AIKS), na što se u radu još referiram kao na afričku domorodačku epistemologiju, iskrivljeni i razlomljeni. Potom, predložit ću rekonstrukciju tako što ću artikulirati kako stječemo i ovjeravamo znanje u afričkoj domorodačkoj epistemologiji. Pod afričkom domorodačkom
filozofijom podrazumijevam sustav istraživanja, razumijevanja, zaprimanja i označavanja afričke koncepcije zbilje koja je specifično afrička i filozofijska. S obzirom na to, primijenit ću filozofijsku metodologiju kritičke analize, evaluacije i rekonstrukcije u svrhu ocrtavanja pojmova domorodačkog sustava znanja (IKS), afričke domorodačke epistemologije, efekta kolonijalnog razlamanja, globalizacije te zapadnog uokvirenja sustava afričkog domorodačkog znanja. Donosim zaključak da je za rekonstruiranje afričke domorodačke epistemologije potrebno osloboditi je zapadnjačke paradigme procjenjivanja. Time bi se odrazio autentični uzorak afričke misli koji opisuje spoznavanje istinito za afričko iskustvo, kako u prošlosti tako i
danas, bez da se drugi oblici spoznavanja podcjenjuju
Reconstructing African Fractured Epistemologies for African Development
Authors: Lajul Wilfred
Published: August 2019

Afrika je kontinent s pregršt prirodnih izvora, ali je ekonomski siromašan. Da bi se prirodni izvori preveli u profitabilno obilje kakvo pospješuje kvalitetu života i dobrobit ljudi, potrebno je znanje. Iako se ne može poreći da je Afrika, mnogo prije kontakta sa Zapadom, imala svoje sustave domorodačkog znanja, svejedno se pitamo što je pošlo po zlu. Čini se da srž problema leži u raskidu s nasljedstvom domorodačkog znanja. Razlog je to što se Afrika, dok današnji svijet prelazi s razvoja zasnovanog na resursima na razvoj temeljen na znanju, sa svojim razlomljenim epistemologijama, oslanja na bogate prirodne izvore kojima se, nažalost, loše upravlja zbog slabe obrazovne osnove. Da bi se pomak dogodio, Afrika mora obnoviti svoje razlomljene sustave znanja. Rad postavlja hipotezu da je navedeno moguće jedino kroz istraživanje prirode afričkih razlomljenih epistemologija da bi se razumjelo što je pošlo krivo i kako stvari ispravno postaviti da bi se obnovio afrički razvoj.
Western versus African Medical Knowledge Systems
Authors: Asakitikpi Alex Egodotaye
Published: August 2019

Epistemička osnova zbilje, naročito znanje Zapada, često se opisuje kao opće i time kao dano, dok se oblici koji ne odgovaraju paradigmi Zapada izazivaju i odbacuju kao inferiorni i nevrijedni znanstvene analize. Retoriku zapadnog vs. ne¬zapadnog znanja, naročito u okviru afričke tradicije, čini se da karakterizira patronistička sugestija da je ne-zapadno znanje inferiorno sistemima zapadne racionalnosti. Ta je retorika i ideološka orijentacija duboko ukorijenjena u akademski diskurs kada je u pitanju proizvodnja znanja i alata. Nastanila se u zapadnjačko obrazovanje i ostala dominantna stoljećima. Podtekstualna pretpostavka takvog diskursa nepotkrijepljena je jer se zasniva na znanstvenoj tradiciji koja je antagonistička prema drugačijim oblicima znanja. U ovom radu argumentiramo da je prava razlika između zapadnog i afričkog sustava medicinskog znanja ne toliko u rezultatima, koliko u epistemičkoj osnovi koja ih oblikuje. Tvrdimo da su svi oblici znanja kontingentni prema specifičnim kontekstima te evaluacijski kriterij dizajniran da vrednuje njihovu univerzalnu istinu nema korisnu funkciju osim promicanja lažnog hegemonijskog narativa s jedinom svrhom da dominira i eksploatira. Zaključujemo tako što zagovaramo proširenje glavnog medicinskog znanja istraživanjem drugih oblika epistemologije, bez predrasuda
African Experience, Development, and the Metaphysical Radicalism of the African Humanities
Authors: Aigbodioh Jacob Aleolente
Published: August 2019

Afričko iskustvo kolonizacije južno od Sahare, proizvod afričke sociokulturne interakcije s europskom kolonijalnom globalizacijom stranih vrijednosti, često se percipira, naročito u nekim afričkim humanistikama (a protiv društvenih znanosti) kao predikament za afrički sociokulturni razvoj. Situacija je proizvela lažno, metafizičko razumijevanje da predikament nužno proizlazi iz iskustva kolonizacije – negativno psihičko nasljedstvo. Najviše se to uočava preko radikalnosti nekih preferiranih panaceja za predikament, primjerice, nasilna revolucija, egzistencijsko samoubojstvo, kulturni preporod i pomirenje sa sudbinom Afrike. Rad obrazlaže da je razumijevanje afričkog iskustva kolonizacije kao sakačućeg izazova afričkom razvoju duboko ukorijenjen u
svjesnost nekih afričkih elita, da rasplođuje razočarenje i beznadnost u
mogućnost preokretanja afričkog predikamenta, te takav služi kao alibi za društvene poroke. Stoga rad potiče na potrebu za više suradničkim, praktičnim i strateškim programom u svrhe dekonstruiranja popularne »iracionalnosti« usađene u afričke kulture te time rehumanizacije razumijevanja i razrješenja afričkog predikamenta
Beyond Fractured Epistemology
Authors: Edema Philip
Published: August 2019

Temeljni argument ovog rada izgrađen je na osnovi važnosti ublažavanja korištenja zapadnih kategorija morala kako ih se može naći u konceptu sebstva i personalizma pri apostrofiranju moralnih i praktičnih problema
u nekim dijelovima Afrike; specifično u etničkim nigerijskim skupinama Igboa i Yorube. Sažeto, personalizam kao etička teorija promiče vrijednost i dostojanstvo ljudskog bića, što je čini atraktivnom teorijom morala koja se lako primjenjuje na općem planu problema morala.
Međutim, s tim dolaze neke opasnosti jer je znanje o nekim moralnim problemima drugačije pojmljeno od različitih društava i kultura. Primjerice, afrička koncepcija ljudske osobe, kako je predstavljena u moralnom sistemu Yoruba i Igbo naroda, nema oštro kategoričko razlikovanje između transcendentnog, duhovnog i materijalnog, kako je to
slučaj u koncepcijama Zapada koje naglašavaju materijalnu, funkcionalnu
i tjelesnu dimenziju. Predstoji vidjeti da rasprava ovog tipa ima instrumentalnu važnost u pribavljanju vrijednosti i potrebnog okvira za ispitivanje bezbroj problema s kojima se susreće afrički kontinent.
Multiple linear and spatial regressions to estimate the influence of Latosol properties on black pepper productivity
Authors: Quartezani Waylson Zancanella , Lima Julião Soares de Souza , Pletsch Talita Aparecida , Oliveira Evandro Chaves de , Berilli Sávio da Silva , Mantoanelli Euzileni , Posse Robson Prucoli , Suci Luana Mendes
Published: August 2019

There is little knowledge available on the best techniques for transferring spatial information such as stochastic interpolation and multivariate analyses for black pepper. This study applies multiple linear and spatial regression to estimate black pepper productivity based on physical and chemical properties of the soil. A multiple linear regression including all properties of a Latosol was performed and followed by variance analysis to verify the validity of the model. The adjusted variograms and data interpolation by kriging allowed the use of spatial multiple regression with the properties that were significant in the multiple linear regression. The forward stepwise method was used and the model was validated by the F-test. The influence of the Latosol properties was greater than the residual on the prediction of productivity. The model was composed by the physical properties fine sand (FS), penetration resistance (PR), and Bulk density (BD), and by the chemical properties K, Ca, and Mg (except for Mg in the spatial regression). The physical properties were of greater relevance in determining productivity, and the maps estimated by ordinary kriging and predicted by the spatial multiple regression were very similar in shape.
Flowering gene expression in Indonesian long harvest black rice (Oryza sativa L. ‘Cempo Ireng’)
Authors: Purwestri Yekti Asih , Susanto Febri Adi , Fauzia Anisa Nazera
Published: August 2019

Many studies have reported the great potency of black rice as functional food for human diet. Cempo Ireng is one of Indonesian black rice cultivars with the highest content of anthocyanin. However, it also suffers from long harvest period. This experiment aims at investigating the behavior of the flowering genes in order to gain basic information to develop this cultivar. We sampled the leaves’ blades of Black Rice ‘Cempo Ireng’ at 48, 55, 68, 81, and 90 DAP then performed RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis, amplification of targeted flowering genes, and a semi-quantitative analysis to see the expression of flowering genes. Our results showed that the flowering genes Hd3a and RFT1 were redundantly up-regulated to induce flowering in black rice Cempo Ireng under a neutral day condition in a tropical region. We also noted that the patterns of FT-like genes and flowering regulatory genes including FT-L5, FT-L6, FT-L9, FT-L10 and Hd1, OsCOL4 were expressed together with two major flowering genes. FT-like genes were temporally co-expressed with two flowering genes Hd3a and RFT1, whereas the Hd1 had a unique expression pattern. Meanwhile, OsCOL4 as the flowering repressor was only detected in the early stage when the flowering gene Hd3a began to express. The results suggest that black rice Cempo Ireng has similar and conserved flowering pathway under a neutral day condition as indicated in the common rice flowering models.
Control of bovine tick [Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus] with Brunfelsia uniflora leaf extract
Authors: Sugauara Elaine Yae Yamashita , Sugauara ElisângelaYumi , Sugauara Rosangela  Rumi , Bortolucci Wanessa de Campos , Oliveira Herika Line Marko de , Silva Eloísa Schneider , Campos Caio Franco de Araújo Almeida , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Colauto Nelson Barros , Gazim Zilda Cristiani , Linde Giani Andrea
Published: August 2019

Bovine tick has caused losses in livestock production profitability in Brazil. However, tick control has caused resistance of these ectoparasites against utilized acaricides. Alternative tick controls have been utilizing plants as sources of effective botanical acaricides. Brunfelsia uniflora is a Brazilian plant with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity; however, there are no reports on its acaricidal activity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of B. uniflora leaf ethanolic extract and its efficiency to control bovine tick in vitro and free-living stage ex situ. The crude leaf extract was analyzed by gas chromatographer coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) with identification of 17 compounds. The major compounds were phytol (22.96%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (21.18%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (12.74%) and vitamin E (8.77%). The crude extract presented acaricidal activity in vitro against ingurgitated adult females, larvae and eggs of bovine tick. The LC99.9 for larvae was 103.21 mg mL-1 in in vitro tests and was 100% efficient for ex situ larva test (free-living stage). B. uniflora leaf extract is an alternative for the control of the bovine tick cycle, mainly in the free-living stage (non-parasitic stage) under field conditions.
Response surface methodology optimization of oil extraction from oil palm meal (OPM) with hydrous ethanol and its pilot-scale application with recirculation of extraction solvent
Authors: Somnuk Krit , Thawornprasert Jarernporn , Chanjula Pin , Prateepchaikul Gumpon
Published: August 2019

In the small-scale dry oil extraction from palm fruit used by palm oil mills, mixed crude palm oil (MCPO) is extracted using a single screw press. The oil palm meal (OPM) by-product can be used as alternative feed for ruminants. Three parameters in further solvent extraction of oil are the ethanol-to-dried oil palm meal (DOPM) ratio (4.9–30.1 g.g-1), the extraction time (0.2–18.8 min), and the speed of stirrer (48–552 rpm). These parameters were optimized to for maximum oil yield by response surface methodology (RSM) while employing hydrous ethanol as the solvent. In our laboratory-scale oil extraction, the maximal experimental yield was 10.27 wt.% under the recommend condition: 20.1 g.g-1 ethanol-to-DOPM ratio, 11 min extraction time, and 300 rpm speed of stirrer. Moreover, prototype-scale oil extraction was tested with recirculated miscella for effects of the number of cycles on oil extraction from fresh DOPM. The results showed approximately 17.4 wt.% oil yield from 5000 g DOPM at the conditions recommended based on laboratory-scale experiments. In this study, recirculated miscella was used to extract oil from fresh DOPM. The first four cycles of oil extraction were almost as efficient as with fresh ethanol. Moreover, the protein content in the defatted oil palm meal (DFOPM) improved with oil extraction, because residual oil in DOPM was removed. The DFOPM should have less rancidity and longer shelf-life than DOPM.
CRÍTICA DA TIPOLOGIA DA VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO
Authors: Copetti Santos André Leonardo , Lucas Doglas Cesar , Copetti Santos Evelyne Freistedt
Published: August 2019

A violência tem sido uma das manifestações constantes da humanidade, baseada em várias premissas, entre elas, as relações de poder. No caso das mulheres a cultura patriarcal tem demarcado a maior parte de sua existência, atuando como um agente violento, opressor e limitador da boa convivência humana. Mediante um estudo hipotético dedutivo, fundamentado nas ideias estruturantes da violência, o presente estudo busca analisar, num primeiro momento, uma tipologia geral da violência, para, posteriormente, abordar esta tipologia referentemente ao universo das relações  de gênero, e, ao final, abordar a tipologia que está positivada institucionalmente na Política Nacional de enfrentamento à Violência contra as Mulheres no Brasil. O estudo em voga denota que a cultura patriarcal é uma construção social que se utiliza das mais diversas formas de violência e tem se estruturado nas relações sociais e nos poderes constituídos. Porém, fissuras nessa cultura foram e seguem sendo exploradas pelos movimentos sociais, especialmente os feministas, que têm contribuído decisivamente para o câmbio desses valores, empoderando mulheres e homens através do Direito.
A VULNERABILIDADE DAS MULHERES ENCARCERADAS E A JUSTIÇA SOCIAL: O IMPORTANTE PAPEL DA EDUCAÇÃO NA EFETIVIDADE NO PROCESSO DE RESSOCIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Siqueira Dirceu Pereira , Andrecioli Sabrina Medina
Published: August 2019

Uma sociedade de pluralidade social onde convivem uma gama de grupos heterogêneos não deve ter campo para a discriminação e sexismo. Para a efetiva concretização dos direitos sociais, através das ações positivas por parte do Estado e sociedade que promovam a dignidade da pessoa humana e garantia do mínimo vital, deve-se se passar pela adequada consideração do âmbito da norma, isto é, de seu suporte fático concreto e abstrato. Por isso a real importância da compreensão da vulnerabilidade, da igualdade e dos institutos de minoria e grupos vulneráveis para a concretização dos direitos sociais. Diante de um cenário de violações de direitos que a população carcerária feminina vivencia, é que se verifica a real importância de se tratar da temática e dos direitos dessa população. Portanto, este trabalho tem por objetivo retratar as violações das mulheres presas e relevância do direito à educação para a factual ressocialização. Empregou-se para tanto o método dedutivo de abordagem, e o estatístico- funcional de procedimento
A DOMINAÇÃO MASCULINA E AS SOCIOGÊNESE DAS CATEGORIAS DE PENSAMENTO
Authors: Franco Andrea , Blank Marina , Pereira Maria Janilma
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo busca fazer um paralelo entre pontos específicos da sociologia durkheimiana e o problema da reprodução da dominação, tema de significativa relevância na sociologia de Pierre Bourdieu. O esforço de Bourdieu em entender a objetividade do mundo social, suas estruturas, e sua relação com os esquemas subjetivos de pensamento encontra em Durkheim as bases sociais da construção das categorias epistemológicas que orientam o mundo social. Através de uma breve explanação sobre os autores e os principais pontos de suas produções que interessem a esse diálogo, buscaremos demonstrar como Durkheim ocupa um lugar significativo dentre as influências de Bourdieu.
ENTRE O FOGÃO E A CIÊNCIA
Authors: Barbosa Isabela
Published: August 2019

Atualmente, compreende-se que a comida e alimentação tem se expandido enquanto ciência, sendo objeto de estudo científico e sensorial na atualidade, quando estudos sociológicos, antropológicos e também nutricionais se deleitam não somente sobre as problemáticas de saúde do indivíduo, mas também a saúde coletiva e desenvolvimento social, formação e transformação cultural, memória ancestral e construção de tradições por meio da comensalidade. Esse fato implica na compreensão de que a comida se diferencia do alimento, enquanto ela é este alimento transformado culturalmente, a partir de métodos de cozimento específicos que lhe configuram um caráter cultural e de identidade específicos. Essas identidades se realizam por meio das tradições, dos regionalismos, dos modelos de cozinha e saber-fazer específicos e que, a partir dessas concepções do fazer ancestral, se entende o que comer e por qual motivo fazê-lo. Desse modo, as problematizações aqui apresentadas são expostas na intenção de fomentar uma discussão ampla sobre a alimentação enquanto ciência, a comida enquanto elemento característico de identidades distintas, além de atuar como instrumento de aproximação e distanciamento dos povos.
SIEGFRIED KRACAUER
Authors: Yure Freire de Andrade Icaro
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar apontamentos sobre a sociologia do cinema exposta por Siegfried Kracauer e sua atualidade crítica. O cinema mais que nunca ocupa um lugar de centralidade na produção cultural contemporânea, sendo um dos principais artefatos culturais que organizam a experiência social recente. Kracauer tanto nos seus ensaios sociológicos presentes em “O ornamento da Massa” (2009) como em sua grande obra de análise crítica do cinema alemão “De Caligari a Hitler: uma história psicológica do cinema alemão” (1988), traz à tona uma metodologia de  análise cinematográfica e das imagens que são produzidas nestes produtos, ao relacionar elementos que compõem o conteúdo destas obras com a forma que a mesma assume e com elementos exteriores a obras – suas condições sociais históricas, como também a relação entre produção cultural e valores sociais. Desta forma a sociologia do cinema proposta por Siegfried Kracauer apresenta ferramentas metodológicas que permitem analisar as obras cinematográficas e audiovisuais contemporâneas a partir da relação entre imagens e experiência social.
SOCIOLOGIA DA ALIMENTAÇÃO: do microscópio ao telescópio
Authors: Jacob Michelle , Chaves Viviany
Published: August 2019

Durante anos a Sociologia da Alimentação esteve à margem nos estudos da Sociologia. Hoje, como campo em pleno florescimento, pode ser analisada a partir de diversos temas – saúde, mercados, governança, mídia, gênero –, autores, autoras e perspectivas teóricas. Esse dossiê é prova disso. Nele foram reunidos 12 manuscritos, organizados nas seguintes categorias: artigos do dossiê temático, artigos temas livres, tradução, resenha e entrevista.
Nanomedicine: Bioavailability, Biotransformation and Biokinetics
Authors: Ravindran Selvan , Tambe Amlesh J. , Suthar Jitendra K. , Chahar Digamber S. , Fernandes Joyleen M. , Desai Vedika
Published: August 2019

Background:

Nanomedicine is increasingly used to treat various ailments. Biocompatibility of nanomedicine
is primarily governed by its properties such as bioavailability, biotransformation and biokinetics. One of the
major advantages of nanomedicine is enhanced bioavailability of drugs. Biotransformation of nanomedicine is important
to understand the pharmacological effects of nanomedicine. Biokinetics includes both pharmacokinetics and
toxicokinetics of nanomedicine. Physicochemical parameters of nanomaterials have extensive influence on bioavailability,
biotransformation and biokinetics of nanomedicine.

Method:

We carried out a structured peer-reviewed research literature survey and analysis using bibliographic databases.

Results:

Eighty papers were included in the review. Papers dealing with bioavailability, biotransformation and biokinetics
of nanomedicine are found and reviewed. Bioavailability and biotransformation along with biokinetics are
three major factors that determine the biological fate of nanomedicine. Extensive research work has been done for
drugs of micron size but studies on nanomedicine are scarce. Therefore, more emphasis in this review is given on the
bioavailability and biotransformation of nanomedicine along with biokinetics.

Conclusion:

Bioavailability results based on various nanomedicine are summarized in the present work. Biotransformation
of nanodrugs as well as nanoformulations is also the focus of this article. Both in vitro and in vivo biotransformation
studies on nanodrugs and its excipients are necessary to know the effect of metabolites formed. Biokinetics
of nanomedicine is captured in details that are complimentary to bioavailability and biotransformation. Nanomedicine
has the potential to be developed as a personalized medicine once its physicochemical properties and its
effect on biological system are well understood.
Absolute Blood Eosinophil Counts to Guide Inhaled Corticosteroids Therapy Among Patients with COPD: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Oshagbemi Olorunfemi A. , Odiba Jephthah O. , Daniel Abraham , Yunusa Ismaeel
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2019
recommends the use of absolute blood eosinophil count as a guide for the escalation and de-escalation
of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the pharmacological management of patients with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the risk of moderate or severe exacerbations among
patients escalating and de-escalating ICS therapy by absolute blood eosinophil thresholds in this systematic
review.

Methods:

Through a comprehensive literature search of Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and clinical
trial sites up to April 2019, we identified relevant studies. We used generic inverse variance method
with fixed-effects estimates to compare the risk of moderate or severe exacerbations among COPD patients
with elevated blood eosinophil counts exposed to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus non-ICS
treatments groups expressed as risk ratios.

Results:

Ten studies (8 randomised control trials and 2 observational studies) were included, with a
total of 85,059 COPD patients. In our pooled analysis, we found an overall reduction in risk of moderate
or severe exacerbations in patients with absolute blood eosinophil thresholds ranging from ≥ 100
to ≥ 340 cells/µL among patients escalating ICS (RR, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.73-0.81). For studies evaluating
the effects of de-escalation of ICS on moderate to severe exacerbations using blood eosinophil thresholds
of ≥ 300 to ≥ 340 cells/µL had an increased risk of moderate or severe exacerbations following
the de-escalation of ICS (RR, 1.66, 95% CI, 1.31-2.10).

Conclusion:

This study confirms the validity of the recommended absolute blood eosinophil count
thresholds for the escalation and de-escalation of ICS among COPD patients. However, this recommendation
is for COPD patients with prior exacerbations rather than among newly diagnosed COPD
patients as observed in this study. COPD patients with current or past history of asthma represent a
unique phenotypic group which should be further evaluated.
Serious Game-based Intervention for Children with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Kokol Peter , Vošner Helena Blažun , Završnik Jernej , Vermeulen Joeri , Shohieb Samaa , Peinemann Frank
Published: August 2019

Background:

Children with developmental disabilities may need support with motor
skills such as balance improvement, cognitive skills such as vocabulary learning, or social skills
such as adequate interpretation of emotional expressions. Digital interactive games could support
the standard treatments. We aimed to review clinical studies which investigated the application of
serious games in children with developmental disabilities.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE and Scopus on 05 May 2019 limited to the English language.
We included people between two and 24 years of age who were affected by neurodevelopmental
disorders and who received digital serious game-based medical interventions such as any computer-
based or video-based games. We considered any study design reporting primary data. We
used title, abstract, and full-text of journal articles to build diagnostic groups, and we described
some selected specific game applications.

Results:

The majority of the 145 relevant studies reported on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and
disabilities affecting intellectual abilities (DAIA). 30 of the 145 studies reported a randomized design.
We detailed six specific applications aimed at improving abilities in children with ASD,
ADHD, cerebral palsy, and Down syndrome. We visualized the diagnostic groups by bibliographic
mapping, and limited the text to the title and abstract of journal articles.

Conclusion:

We identified promising results regarding anxiety reduction, stress regulation, emotion
recognition, and rehabilitation. Currently, there appears to be a lack of clinical evidence that
children with neurodevelopmental disorders can benefit from the application of serious games.
Patients Driving the Clinical Trial Designs – Democracy in Clinical Research
Authors: Bhardwaj Payal , Kumar Jeba , Yadav Raj Kumar
Published: August 2019

Background:

Many of the clinical trials remain inefficient owing to the low retention rate, and an impact on the power of the study. In addition, regulatory bodies recommend including the patients’ experience, especially, patient-reported outcomes, while making clinical decisions, and approvals.

Introduction:

Patient centricity has reached the stage where patients are both willing and required to participate in clinical trial designs, regulatory review and experts on other panels. Efforts are being made in the right direction and there are multiple aspects that have been or are being addressed.

Objective:

The current article focuses on how to include patients in clinical trial designs, the benefits, challenges, and solutions. This means patients who were merely the participants until now, they will be the drivers of trials now, and hence the clinical trials will be more efficient and productive.

Key Findings:

There is a drive to enhance patients’ participation in clinical trial designs, especially, visits, efficacy outcomes and their expectations with the treatment. Patients want to remain informed, right from before participation to the completion of the trial. Patients are now an important part of regulatory review, as apparent from recent initiatives by the FDA and EMA. This will enhance patients’ awareness, and bring ownership and transparency. Various patient organizations, advocacy groups have made some great suggestions and taken initiatives in this direction. Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative, European Patient’s Academy on Therapeutic Innovation, and Patient- Centered Outcomes Research Institute are a few key initiatives. However, there is a set of challenges emanating from the complexity of trials, associated with unique mechanism of action of drugs, their efficacy and safety profiles, which has to be dealt with properly.

Conclusion:

Overall, the pharma domain is at the verge of putting the patient in the spotlight, to achieve a near-real democracy, where the clinical research is the by the patient, for the patient, and, of the patient.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Benzimidazole/Benzoxazole Substituted Triazolotriazines in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Dadashpour Sakineh , Küçükkılınç Tuba T. , Ercan Ayse , Hosseinimehr Seyed J. , Naderi Nima , Irannejad Hamid
Published: August 2019

Background:

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK) are the main family of cell surface receptors for
growth factors, hormones and cytokines which are responsible for cell growth and differentiation and are considered
as an important therapeutic target in cancer.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to design, synthesise and conduct the biological evaluation of benzimidazole/
benzoxazole substituted triazolotriazines as new anticancer agents.

Methods:

A series of benzimidazolyl and benzoxazolyl-linked triazolotriazines 8a-e and 9a-e were synthesized
as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Target compounds were evaluated in HGF-induced cell proliferation assay
in A549, MCF-7, HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells.

Results:

Hepatocellular carcinoma was the most sensitive cell line towards the tested compounds and 8e was the
most potent one on HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 5.13µM which was close to crizotinib (HepG2 IC50 =
4.35µM) as a standard c-Met kinase inhibitor. c-Met kinase assay of 8e showed that this compound is not capable
of inhibiting this enzyme and subsequently molecular docking confirmed the low affinity of 8e towards c-
Met active site and its possible anticancer mechanism through VEGFR-2 inhibition.

Conclusion:

Further in silico predictions revealed that 8e can be a drug candidate with favorable pharmacokinetic
properties.
Review of analog-to-information converters
Authors: Polunin M. N. , Bykova A. V.
Published: August 2019

The implementation of high‑throughput systems with the traditional approach to the discretization of the analog signal according to the Kotelnikov theorem is faced with the problems of high power consumption and the need to store and transfer large amounts of data. An alternative approach to sampling and processing information is based on advances in the compressed sampling theory. The paper provides a brief overview of the main provisions of this theory and considers examples of its use in practice for the implementation of information reading systems – analog‑to‑information converters. The purpose of these devices is to reduce the pressure on conventional analog‑to‑digital converters, to reduce the sampling rate and the amount of output data. The main architectures of analog‑information converters are considered: non‑uniform sampling, random filter, random demodulator, modulated wideband converter, compressive multiplexer, random modulator pre‑integrator, spread spectrum random modulator pre‑integrator.
Behavioral modeling and characterization of designed high-speed transceivers
Authors: Domozhakov D. A. , Kondratenko S. V.
Published: August 2019

An approach is proposed for designing high‑speed transceivers for serial channels using replacing part of the transceiver path with its high‑level behavioral model obtained from calculations over a limited time interval of the devices under study in the CAD type of the end‑to‑end design at the schematic level, and in one of the mathematical CAD. The use of behavioral models defined in this way and a specialized program written in the mathematical CAD weakens the contradiction between the accuracy of the results obtained and the modeling time. This contributes to obtaining more complete statistical information in the process of transceivers design without the need to perform accurate but extremely labor‑intensive calculations of a complex model of the transceiver path at a schematic level, relevant at the final design stage.
China's K-12 teacher qualification system
Authors: Lee Dani Surya
Published: August 2019

A strict teacher qualification system is vital to ensure a steady stream flow of high-quality human resources. In 1993, the People's Republic of China established the Teacher Law demanding that teachers must have legal status and qualifications. It has put into effect a system of qualification that could determine the readiness of K-12 teacher candidates to be practitioners of education. This country's teacher qualification system has experienced changes and adaptations until it has reached the current form in 2016's Teacher Qualification Examination, as more than a tool merely for formality or evaluation of rote learning, but an actual assessment of pre-service teachers' knowledge and abilities to conduct classroom teaching in authentic settings. This paper introduces this qualification examination system, while also mentioning some important and distinguishable aspects of teachers' situations in China, in the hope that it will shed some light on how this Asian giant is currently conducting its education.
Learning outcome of mathematics and science: Features of Indonesian madrasah students
Authors: Kusaeri Kusaeri , Ridho Ali
Published: August 2019

This study aims to analyze the learning outcome of mathematics and sciences in the Indonesian National Examination from 2015 to 2018 of MTs (Islamic secondary school). The results of the analysis are used as the basis for making alternative policy as a possible way to improve the quality of mathematics and science learning. With the sample size of 360, 371 MTs students in East Java, the achievement was measured by using 40 multiple choice questions with each having four answer options. Split-plot and latent profile analysis of the data show that there was a consistent decrease in the achievement of mathematics and sciences of the moderate group of MTs from 2015 to 2018 with a dramatic drop in mathematics and tendency to drop for science. The fundamental implication of these findings is that there is a need for learning innovations to improve mathematics and science learning outcomes for 21st century learning. The findings can also provide data support for decision making for the revision of the mathematics and science curriculum and can be further used as empirical evidence for the developed countries in finding ways to improve the quality of mathematics and science learning outcomes for 21st century learning, in particular, to assist the developing countries such as Indonesia.
A Mobile App Lifestyle Intervention to Improve Healthy Nutrition in Women Before and During Early Pregnancy: Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: van Dijk Matthijs R , Koster Maria P H , Oostingh Elsje C , Willemsen Sten P , Steegers Eric A P , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P M
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Unhealthy nutrition contributes to the worldwide rising prevalence of noncommunicable diseases. As most adverse reproductive outcomes originate during the periconception period, effective interventions targeting this period are needed. Therefore, we developed the lifestyle intervention Smarter Pregnancy to empower women to adapt a healthy diet prior to conception and during early pregnancy and performed a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this trial were to investigate compliance and effectiveness in women using the Smarter Pregnancy program.

METHODS

Women aged between 18 and 45 years who were contemplating pregnancy or <13 weeks pregnant and their male partners living in the urban area of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, were eligible for participation. After baseline screening, the intervention group received personal online coaching based on identified inadequate intakes of vegetables, fruits, and folic acid supplements. The sum of these risk factors was used as a dietary risk score (DRS), ranging from 0 (healthy) to 9 (unhealthy). The control group did not receive coaching. We applied an intention-to-treat principle and used a multivariable linear regression model to evaluate the change in DRS after 24 weeks. Compliance was defined as the percentage of women who completed the screening questionnaire at 24 weeks.

RESULTS

Of women recruited, 81.2% (177/218) completed the program (intervention: 91/218, 83.5%; control: 86/218, 78.9%; P=.95). After 24 weeks, the reduction in DRS of women in the intervention group was significantly larger than in the control group (β=.75, 95% CI 0.18-1.34). This reduction was mainly due to increased vegetable intake (β=.55, 95% CI 0.25-0.86).

CONCLUSIONS

The high compliance and the larger improvements in nutritional behaviors, especially vegetable intake, in women in the intervention group emphasizes the effectiveness of empowering women by using the lifestyle change intervention Smarter Pregnancy.

CLINICALTRIAL

Netherlands Trial Register: NL3927; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/3927

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1186/s12884-017-1228-5