bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attributing extreme precipitation characteristics in South China Pearl River Delta region to anthropogenic influences based on pseudo global warming
Authors: Zhao Rui , Tam Chi-Yung Francis , Lee Sai-Ming , Chen Junwen , Gao Peng
Published: September 2022

In the context of the human-induced warming climate, the atmosphere is expected to hold a greater amount of water vapor, leading to heavier precipitation on a global scale. However, the extent to which recent changes in extreme rainfall can be attributed to human influences varies at the regional scale. Here we conduct attribution analyses on 40 extreme rainfall events that occurred in different seasons during 1998-2018 over the Pearl River Delta (PRD), by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and applying the pseudo global warming (PGW) method. The model was integrated with the factual and counterfactual conditions separately, with the latter derived from differences between the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) historical and historical-natural runs. By comparing parallel experiments, PRD near-surface temperature has been raised respectively by 0.9-1.1 K in the May-to-September (MJJAS) and 0.6-0.8 K in non-MJJAS seasons. Accordingly, extreme daily rainfall (> 95th percentile) increased by 8%-9.5% (~Clausius-Clapeyron, or CC scaling) in MJJAS and 12.4% at most (~2 CC rate) in non-MJJAS season. For the same extreme thresholds, the probability of occurrence increased by 10%-30% during MJJAS (20%-40% in non-MJJAS season). While moisture-related thermodynamic effects play a similar role in modulating rainfall, the dynamic effects (due to circulation changes) act differently in different seasons. Changes in MJJAS extremes are related to stronger low-level southerly winds, while non-MJJAS rainfall is exacerbated by strengthened low-level wind convergence and updrafts. Moisture budget analysis suggests that thermodynamic effects associated with the increased moisture amount account for the mean rainfall increase, whereas dynamic effects related to wind circulation changes are responsible for extreme precipitation, regardless of seasons.
One-pot Multicomponent Green Chemistry Approach: Sodium Fluoride-Catalysed Highly Efficient Microwave Irradiation-Assisted Synthesis of Substituted Chromene Derivatives in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Fabitha K , Arya CG , Chandrakanth Munugala , Janardhan Banothu
Published: September 2022

Abstract
2-Amino-4H-benzo[h]chromene-3-carbonitrile and 2-amino-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile are two important pharmacophores with extensive applications in medicinal chemistry. The multicomponent Knoevenagel-Michael reaction is one of the most efficient strategies to construct these two scaffolds. Previous efforts have been made in converting the traditional organic solvents to eco-friendly solvents including H2O generally in the presence of complex catalysts. Here we present our work of using sodium fluoride (NaF) as the catalyst to synthesize a wide scope of the two types of substrates starting from α- or β-naphthol or 4-hydroxycoumarin. Using 12 mol% NaF under the microwave irradiation condition, the reactions were completed within 15–25 min with all the yields exceeding 85%. The reaction products were purified simply by washing with H2O and can be further purified by crystallization with MeOH. The analysis of green chemistry-related parameters suggested that the current method was highly environmentally benign, highlighting the potential of this method in the use of drug discovery and development.
Clinical efficacy and safety of adjuvant EGFR-TKIs for resected stage IB lung adenocarcinoma: A real-world study based on propensity score matching
Authors: Shen Leilei , Guo Juntang , Zhang Weidong , Zhang Lianbin , Liu Xi , Wang Tao , Zhang Tao , Liang Chaoyang , liu yang
Published: September 2022

Background
Adjuvant therapy for stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains debatable. In this real-world study, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) for resected stage IB lung adenocaicinoma.
Methods
This real-world study recruited 249 patients diagnosed as stage IB after surgical resection from January 2013 to September 2021. Sixty-six (26.5%) patients received adjuvant targeted therapy (TKIs group) and 183 (73.5%) patients were enrolled to clinical observation (CO) group. Propensity score matching was applied to minimize the effects of observed confounders between the two groups, and 59 pairs of patients were matched. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS).
Results
Among the adjuvant TKIs group, 38 (64.4%) patients chose to receive icotinib, 27.1% (16/59) of patients took gefitinib, and Osimertinib was 5 patients’(8.5%) option. Median follow-up time was 30.8 months (range: 7–107 months). Two (3.4%) patients in the TKIs group and 10 (16.9%) patients in the CO group had disease relapse. The 3-year DFS rates were 98.3% in the TKIs group and 83.0% in the CO group (HR: 0.10, 95%CI 0.01–0.78; P = 0.008). DFS differences could be found in the entire cohort (P = 0.005) and matched cohort (P = 0.024) between the two groups. The multivariate analysis showed that adjuvant EGFR-TKIs was an independent factor for DFS (HR, 0.211; 95%CI, 0.045–0.979; P = 0.047), together with poor cell differentiation (HR, 5.256; 95%CI, 1.648–16.769; P = 0.005) and spread through air spaces (HR, 5.612; 95%CI, 1.137–27.700; P = 0.034). No patients discontinued the EGFR-TKIs due to the low occurrence rate of treatment-related serious adverse events.
Conclusion
Adjuvant EGFR-TKIs could significantly improve DFS among patients with stage IB lung adenocarcinoma than clinical observation, with a safe and tolerable profile.
Retrospectively registered study:
The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) indentifier was ChiCTR2200060931.
Radiomics Based of Deep Medullary Veins on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging in Infants: Predicting the Severity of Brain Injury of Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia
Authors: zhuang xiamei , Lin Huashan , Li Junwei , Yin Yan , Dong Xiao , Jin Ke
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to apply radiomics analysis of the change of deep medullary veins (DMV) on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and to distinguish mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) from moderate-to-severe HIE in neonates.
Methods A total of 190 neonates with HIE (24 mild HIE and 166 moderate-to-severe HIE) were included in this study. All of them were born at 37 gestational weeks or later. The DMVs were manually included in the regions of interests (ROI). For the purpose of identifying optimal radiomic features and to construct Rad-scores, 1316 features were extracted. LASSO regression was used to identify the optimal radiomic features. Using the Red-score and the clinical independent factor, a nomogram was constructed. In order to evaluate the performance of the different models, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was implemented to evaluate the clinical utility.
Results A total of 15 potential predictors were selected and contributed to Red-score construction. Compared with the radiomics model, the nomogram combined model incorporating Red-score and urea nitrogen did not better distinguish between the mild HIE and moderate-to-severe HIE group. For the training cohort, the AUC of the radiomic model, and the combined nomogram model were 0.84, 0.84. For the validation cohort, the AUC of the radiomic model, and the combined nomogram model were 0.80, 0.79. The addition of clinical characteristics to the nomogram failed to distinguish mild HIE from moderate-to-severe HIE group.
Conclusion We developed a radiomics model and combined nomogram model as an indicator to distinguish mild HIE from moderate-to-severe HIE group.
The Detection of Mental Health Conditions by Incorporating External Knowledge
Authors: Lin Yun-Sheng , Chen Arbee L.P.
Published: September 2022

Mental health conditions have become a growing problem; it increases the likelihood of premature death for patients, and imposes a high economic burden on the world. However, some studies have shown that if patients are detected and treated early, the social impact and economic costs of mental illness can be reduced. With the popularity of social media, people are sharing their feelings on it, which allows data from social media to be used to study mental health conditions. However, past research had been limited to the optimization of the model or using different types of data available on social media, resulting in models that only rely on data to make decisions. Moreover, people judge things not only by the data collected, but also by background knowledge. Therefore, we considered the diagnostic process of doctors and combined the knowledge of psychological screening tools and diagnostic criteria into the model. In addition, we also tested the effect of combining general knowledge. We retrieve the top m most relevant knowledge segments for each user's post, and then put both into the prediction model. Experimental results show that our method outperforms previous studies, and the F1-score is increased more than 10% in some situations. Moreover, because the knowledge segments are automatically retrieved, our method does not require additional manual labeling, and the knowledge set can be freely adjusted. These show that our method can help detect mental health conditions and can be continuously optimized in practice.
Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of the Computer-aided Clinical Decision Support System based on Learning-to-Rank: Collaboration between physicians and machine learning in the differential diagnosis process
Authors: Miyachi Yasuhiko , Ishii Osamu , Torigoe Keijiro
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES
We are developing the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) based on Learning-to-Rank (LTR). The main objectives are 1) Supporting differential diagnoses by internists and general practitioners and 2) Preventing diagnostic errors by physicians. The main features are that "A physician inputs a patient's symptoms, findings, and test results to the system, and the system outputs a ranking list of possible diseases."
METHOD
The software libraries for machine learning and artificial intelligence are TensorFlow and TensorFlow Ranking. The prediction algorithm is LTR with a listwise approach. The ranking metric is NDCG. The loss functions are Approximate NDCG (A-NDCG) and Gumbel Approximate NDCG (G-A-NDCG). We evaluated Machine Learning (ML) performance and Differential Diagnosis (DDx) performance with actual cases.
RESULTS
ML performance of our system was much higher than that of the conventional system. ML performance using G-A-NDCG was slightly higher than that of A-NDCG. DDx performance of our system was much higher than that of the conventional system. We have shown that CDSS prevents physicians' diagnostic errors due to confirmation bias.
CONCLUSIONS
We have demonstrated that the CDSS is useful for supporting differential diagnoses and preventing diagnostic errors. We believe that DDx by physicians and LTR have a high affinity. We found that Information Retrieval (IR) and Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) have much in common (target data, LTR, etc.). We believe that CDSS has the potential to support 1) recall of rare diseases, 2) differential diagnoses for difficult-to-diagnose diseases, and 3) prevention of diagnostic errors. We also believe that our system has the potential for evolution to an Explainable Clinical Decision Support System (X-CDSS).
The infant feeding methods promoted by South African Instagram influencers in relation to crying and sleeping, 2018-2020: A retrospective digital ethnography
Authors: Pilime Sukoluhle , Jewett Sara
Published: September 2022

Background
Globally, there has been a decline in breastfeeding rates. This has resulted in increased infant mortality due to infectious diseases and inappropriate feeding practices. Part of the decline in breastfeeding rates is attributed to the aggressive marketing of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) by manufacturers, despite regulations prohibiting this. With the progressive use of social media, marketing has shifted from traditional methods to the use of influencers, who command a huge following on their social media accounts and influence the daily decisions of their followers. This study investigates the infant feeding methods promoted by South African influencers in relation to crying and sleeping and their followers’ responses.
Methods
This was a retrospective study, which used a mixed methods digital ethnographic approach to analyse posts related to infant feeding methods that were made by seven South African Instagram influencers between the period of January 2018 to December 2020. Framing analysis was used to analyse qualitative data and quantitative data were analysed descriptively.
Results
From the 62 posts that were analysed, 27 were sponsored advertisements (some violating local regulations) and 35 posts promoted breastfeeding. The 18 333 follower comments and 918 299 likes in response to the posts were also analysed. We found that influencers presented BMS products as a solution for a child who cries a lot and has trouble sleeping. BMS were framed as helpful for children who are seemingly always hungry and dissatisfied with breastmilk alone. The study also found that some influencers promoted breastfeeding on their Instagram pages. Unlike BMS posts, breastfeeding posts were not sponsored. With a few exceptions, followers tended to support and reinforce the framing of influencers.
Conclusion
Stiffer regulations should be enforced against companies using influencers to promote their BMS products, with proactive monitoring of social media. Professionals giving advice contrary to the guidelines from the WHO should be reported according to Regulation 991 and made accountable. Proactive engagement with Instagram influencers to promote breastfeeding should be considered.
Large Eddy Simulation of an Inverted Multi-Element Wing in Ground Effect
Authors: Slaughter James , Moxey David , Sherwin Spencer
Published: September 2022

Due to the proprietary nature of modern motorsport and Formula 1, current scientific literature lacks relevant studies and benchmarks that can be used to test and validate new methods. Due to the release of a free geometry - the Imperial Front Wing - we present a computational study of a multi-element aerofoil at a ride height of 0.36h/c and a Reynolds Number of 2.2 × 105. A 0.16c slice of the Imperial has been examined using high-order Spectral/hp Element Methods. Time averaged force data is presented finding lift and drag coefficients of -8.33 and 0.17 respectively. Transient analysis of the force- and surface pressure data resulted in salient mode identification with respect to the transition mechanisms of each element.The mainplane and flap laminar separation were studied and the cross-spectral phase presented for the lower frequency modes. At a St=40 an in-phase relationship was identified between mainplane and flap Laminar Separation Bubbles, whilst at St=60 a distinct out-of-phase relationship was identified. Wake results including wake-momentum deficit and turbulent kinetic energy plots have been presented - showing wake meandering and subsequent break down due to a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. These results, particularly the transition mechanisms will allow for the construction of a data set to validate novel methods in this area.
The struggle for the social: rejecting a false separation in our engagement with 'social' worlds in mental health spaces
Authors: Burgess Rochelle A.
Published: September 2022

How are we to best conceptualise the social in relation to mental health? This piece seeks to explore a series of tensions that emerge in our attempt to contemplate, engage with, and address the social in mental health spaces. First, I explore the tensions created by disciplinary demands for specialisation, questioning the value of this in with regards to treating the social and emotional body, which continually rejects this fragmentation. Drawing on the work of Foucault and Deleuze, I re-interpret a case study of a woman seeking mental health services in South Africa, initially encountered during my doctoral research in 2010. In doing so, I also explore the tension created by seeking to hold the complexity brought to systems and researchers by everyday people, within spaces for response and action. To move the field forward, I explore the need for, and simultaneous impossibility of a ‘unifying theory’ which contains the multiple ways that the social manifests. In developing these arguments, I reflect on what possibilities for a unified perspective of the ‘social’ provided by phenomenology embedded in Black Sociological scholarship, which reminds us that our understandings and ways of being in the world are situated within and against the life world. This approach more readily offers access to the full range of the ‘social’ that we often seek to differentiate for the purposes of analysis or manageable systems of response. Though what this means for global mental health approaches is arguably still to be determined, I conclude with a potential call to action that asks us to develop maps of the social, which allow academics, activists, and practitioners to better engage in processes to recognise the constellation of social dynamics at work in people’s lives.
Valproic Acid as Adjuvant Treatment for Convulsive Status Epilepticus: a Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Sharshar Tarek , PORCHER RAPHAËL , ASFAR PIERRE , GRIMALDI LAMIAE , JABOT JULIEN , ARGAUD LAURENT , LEBERT CHRISTINE , BOLLAERT PIERRE-EDOUARD , HARLAY MARIE LINE , CHILLET PATRICK , MAURY ERIC , SANTOLI FRANCOIS , BLANC PASCAL , SONNEVILLE ROMAIN , VU DINH CHUYEN , ROHAUT BENJAMIN , MAZERAUD AURELIEN , ALVAREZ JEAN-CLAUDE , NAVARRO VINCENT , CLAIR BERNARD , OUTIN HERVE , (GENER) Groupe d'Explorations Neurologiques en Réanimation
Published: September 2022

Background
Generalised convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is a medical emergency. Guidelines recommend a stepwise strategy of benzodiazepines followed by a second-line anti-seizure medicine (ASM). However, GCSE is uncontrolled in 20–40% patients and is associated with protracted hospitalisation, disability, and mortality. The objective was to determine whether valproic acid (VPA) as complementary treatment to the stepwise strategy improves the outcomes of patients with de novo established GCSE.
Methods
This was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial in 244 adults admitted to intensive care units for GCSE in 16 French hospitals between 2013 and 2018. Patients received standard care of benzodiazepine and a second-line ASM (except VPA). Intervention patients received a 30mg/kg VPA loading dose, then a 1mg/kg/h 12h infusion, whilst the placebo group received an identical intravenous administration of 0.9% saline as a bolus and continuous infusion. Primary outcome was proportion of patients discharged from hospital by day 15. The secondary outcomes were seizure control, adverse events, and cognition at day 90.
Results
126 (52%) and 118 (48%) patients were included in the VPA and placebo groups. 224 (93%) and 227 (93%) received a first-line and a second-line ASM before VPA or placebo infusion. There was no between-group difference for patients hospital-discharged at day 15 [VPA, 77 (61%) versus placebo, 72 (61%), adjusted relative risk 1.04; 95% confidence interval (0.89–1.19); p = 0.58]. There were no between-group differences for secondary outcomes.
Conclusions
VPA added to the recommended strategy for adult GCSE is well tolerated but did not increase the proportion of patients hospital-discharged by day 15.
Trial registration no.
NCT01791868 (ClinicalTrials.gov registry), registered: 15 February 2012
Design of external quality assessment (EQA) schemes and definition of the roles of their providers in future epidemics
Authors: Buchta Christoph , Zeichhardt Heinz , Aberle Stephan w. , Camp Jeremy V , Görzer Irene , Weseslindtner Lukas , Puchhammer-Stöckl E´lisabeth , Huf Wolfgang , Benka Bernhard , Allerberger Franz , Mielke Martin , Griesmacher Andrea , Müller Mathias M , Schellenberg Ingo , Kammel Martin
Published: September 2022

Background
The accuracy of individual test results affects the reliability of epidemiological indicators during pandemics. Therefore, the performance of test facilities and test systems must be continuously monitored. In this respect, external quality assessment (EQA) schemes are unique data sources, and their providers may serve as valuable contact for non-EQA inquiries on technical-analytical topics. However, the epidemiological importance of EQA during pandemics has not yet been evaluated.
Methods
Seventeen publications on SARS-CoV-2 virus genome detection EQA schemes were evaluated for their content of information which was aggregated and classified as “relevant”, “conditionally relevant” or “imperceptibly relevant” for the quality of public health microbiology. The effort required to report on any missing information was estimated. Extra-EQA services of EQA providers were also assessed for their epidemiological relevance.
Findings
Publications contained six to nine of the ten information criteria classified as relevant for public health microbiology. The effort required to report missing information appeared low. Information classified as epidemiologically conditionally relevant was collected only from dedicated EQA rounds. Extra-EQA services from EQA providers seemed particularly important in times of a pandemic.
Interpretation
Professional operation of non-EQA services and competent design of EQA schemes by their providers ensure that test facilities receive the best possible support during pandemics and that relevant information on the performance of infection diagnostics is made available. The importance of EQA for public health emergency response is therefore evident.
Funding
None.
Preoperative geometric parameters predict the outcome of lamellar keratoscleroplasty in patients with limbal dermoids
Authors: Lin Yongdong , Xie Jihui , Wang Hongxi , Lu Jiamin , Ma Di
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To find preoperative simple geometric parameters to predict the outcome of lamellar keratoscleroplasty in patients with corneal limbal dermoids.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 30 patients with limbal dermoids who underwent lamellar keratoscleroplasty and were followed up for more than 6 months. Seven geometric parameters were used to analyze the relationship with postoperative visual acuity, astigmatism, and scar formation and investigated for their influence on postoperative outcome. These seven parameters included the cornea-invaded area of dermoid, dermoid area, the cornea-invaded length of dermoid, the corneal limbus invaded length of dermoid, dermoid size, bed size, graft size. Furthermore, we divided patients with corneal limbal dermoids into amblyopia group and non-amblyopia group, and analyzed the clinical characteristics of the amblyopia group.
Results
The mean age of the patients at surgery was 10.6 ± 5.83 years. The 7 geometric parameters, preoperative and postoperative astigmatism of the amblyopia group were higher than those of the non-amblyopia group (all p < 0.05). Among the geometric parameters analyzed, the r coefficients between the cornea-invaded length of dermoid and postoperative visual acuity and astigmatism were the highest (r = 0.854, r = 0.714). The r coefficient between the corneal limbus invaded length of dermoid and the postoperative scar was the highest (r = 0.375). In univariate regression analysis, the cornea-invaded length of dermoid was significantly correlated with postoperative visual acuity (β = 0.270, P < 0.001) and postoperative astigmatism (β = 1.362, P < 0.001). Among the geometric parameters analyzed, the cornea-invaded length of dermoid had best stratified patients in grouping with or without amblyopia (cutoff > 2.24).
Conclusion
The cornea-invaded length of dermoid was the most important related factor of postoperative visual acuity, astigmatism, and amblyopia. The corneal limbus invaded length of dermoid was the most important related factor of postoperative scar formation. The geometric parameters and astigmatism in patients with amblyopia were larger than those in patients without amblyopia.
Physical Properties of Hardwood Bark Growth Media1
Authors: Mazur A. R. , Hughes T. D. , Gartner J. B.
Published: September 2022

Physical properties of various hardwood bark-soil mixes for containers were compared to a soil-peat-perlite mix. Bark-soil mixes containing a wide range of bark particle sizes were found to possess superior physical properties initially and remained satisfactory after a 13-month incubation period. However, bark-soil mixes were much less stable and deteriorated to a significantly greater extent. For golf greens, physical properties of hardwood bark or peat and soil and sand mixes were studied following compaction at 40 cm moisture tension. Initially, the bark mixes were superior and this was postulated to be due to a more uniform distribution of bark within the mixes. Based on the deterioration that occurred in bark-soil mixes for containers, it is concluded that use of hardwood bark in golf green mixes does not appear feasible.
Hardwood Bark as a Soil Amendment for Suppression of Plant Parasitic Nematodes on Container-grown Plants1
Authors: Malek R. B. , Gartner J. B.
Published: September 2022

Hardwood bark as a soil amendment for container-grown plants suppressed several species of parasitic nematodes in greenhouse tests. Volumetric bark to soil ratios of 4:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 greatly reduced incidence of root-knot caused by Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). A 2:1 bark to soil mixture inhibited galling by M. incognita and population development of Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven and Trichodorus christiei Allen on Forsythia intermedia Zabel.
Toxicity to Hemlocks Grown in Arsenic-contaminated Soil Previously Used for Potato Productions1
Authors: Sinclair W. A. , Stone E. L. , Scheer C. F.
Published: September 2022

Scorch and premature casting of needles and death of fine roots of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. in nurseries on former potato farms in New York State were associated with soil As levels of 21 to 42 μg/g. Intensity of foliar symptoms varied directly with As concentrations in soil, in fine roots and in foliage. Cu concentration in soil and hemlock tissues were not related to symptoms.
Anthocyanins of Cornus alternifolia, L. and C. alba, L.1
Authors: Du C. T. , Wang P. L. , Francis F. J.
Published: September 2022

The anthocyanins of dogwood are quite heterogenous. Our earlier investigations on cornelian cherry, Cornus mas L. (1, 2) indicated that the anthocyanins were pelargonidin-3-galactoside, pelargonidin-3-robinobioside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-robinobioside and delphinidin-3-galactoside. Although the same cyanidin and pelargonidin glycosides were found in bunchberry (3), C. canadensis, in addition to the glucosides and rutinosides of pelargonidin and cyanidin, galactosides and glucosides were prevalent in other dogwood species (4). Pelargonidin and delphinidin glycosides were present either as minor or trace pigments. The robinoside of delphinidin has not been detected in any of these species. This communication reports the anthocyanins present in the berries and petioles of blue dogwood, C. alternifolia, and the red bark of Siberian dogwood, C. alba.
Acceleration of Flowering of Statice (Limonium sinuatum Mill.) by Gibberellic Acid (GA3)1
Authors: Wilfret G. J. , Raulston J. C.
Published: September 2022

Single applications of 500 ppm GA3 on ‘Iceberg’ and ‘Midnight Blue’ statice made at 87, 101 and 115 days after seeding reduced mean flowering time 90, 72, and 45 days, respectively, compared to unsprayed plants. Applications made 129 days after seeding had no significant effect on flowering. Repeated sprays were not beneficial and, in some cases, delayed flowering as compared to single applications.
Plant Nutrition and Vegetable Crop Quality1
Authors: Minotti P. L.
Published: September 2022

There are, no doubt, hundreds of measurements that might reflect quality when all perspectives are considered (growers, shippers, processors, retailers, consumers). Many of the “things” measured will be affected to a greater or lesser extent by manipulating the nutrient environment and there are approximately fifteen essential elements alone to manipulate.
The Effect of Cycloheximide and a Tridecyl Alcohol Derivative on Leaf Abscission of Nursery Stock1
Authors: Larsen Fenton E
Published: September 2022

Cycloheximide (CHI) [3-(2-[3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl]-2 hydroxyethyl)-glutarimide] and Retzanol TD-8 (RTD-8) [tridecyl alcohol derivative] surfactant alone and in combination stimulated significant leaf abscission on cherry, peach, pear and apple nursery stock. RTD-8 alone was sometimes more effective than CHI alone, and combination treatments were rarely better than either material alone. CHI but not RTD-8 induced bud and shoot tip damage.
Blockage of Drip Irrigation Filters and Emitters by Iron-Sulfur-Bacterial Products1
Authors: Ford Harry W. , Tucker D. P. H.
Published: September 2022

Some drip irrigation systems installed in central and south Florida citrus groves have ceased to function properly because of filter and emitter clogging. The most serious clogging has been a slime formed by filamentous sulfur bacteria. The most abundant sulfur bacteria was Thiothrix nivea Robenhorst, a common inhabitant of warm mineral springs in Florida. The bacteria oxidize H2S to S and can clog small openings within a brief period of time. Beggiatoa sp., a sulfur bacteria, was also found in the slime although the organism occurred most frequently in emitter orifices.

Another serious clogging factor has been Fe deposits in the form of filamentous, gelatinous ochre. The Fe deposits were associated with iron bacteria. The sticky sludge adhered to filters, grooves, and orifices of emitters. Iron sulfide clogged filter screens and accumulated in the grooves of some emitters.
Freeze Injuries in Avocado Fruit1
Authors: Fuchs Y. , Zauberman G. , Yanko U.
Published: September 2022

Differences were found in the extent of freeze injury among ‘Fuerte’, ‘Hass’ and ‘Nabal’ avocados (Persea americana Mill.). Large ‘Fuerte’ fruit suffered more than small ones. Relatively high rates of ethylene production and of respiration were found in heavily injured fruit as soon as 1 day after harvest. Keeping quality of freeze-damaged fruit was reduced. It is concluded that the major processes involved in ripening, such as softening, respiration, ethylene production, and the activity of pectic enzymes, are enhanced in freeze-injured fruit.
Ethylene Effects on Apple Scions1
Authors: Janick Jules
Published: September 2022

Dormant apple scions stored in plastic bags with ripening apples at room temperature for 7-14 days show severe swelling and bark splitting due to callus proliferation at the apical end as well as general lenticel hypertrophy (intumescence). This apparent ethylene effect can be duplicated by soaking scions in (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 1000 ppm for 5 or 40 minutes. One-year-old stems cut into three 20 cm sections show the effect at the apical end of the middle and basal sections, indicating the ethylene-induced injury in related to wounding and that the effect is polar and not necessarily associated with differences in cambial activity that may occur along a stem. Some callus proliferatiomay occur at the basal end of scion pieces if the cut at the basal end is made through a bud. Removal of a ring of bark along the stem of a scion piece does not affect the ethylene-induced injury on the cut apical end but bark swelling may occur at the basal portion of the girdle. Bud excision tends to increase the severity of apical injury to scion pieces.
Postharvest Application of Calcium as a Control for Storage Breakdown of Apples1
Authors: Scott K. J. , Wills R. B. H.
Published: September 2022

CaCl2 dips reduced the incidence of storage breakdown in ‘Jonathan’, ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ and ‘Twenty Ounce’ apples. The use of CaCl2, benomyl and diphenylamine in a single dip further enhanced the effect of CaCl2 The uptake of water into fruit was increased by reducing the dip temperature from 20° to 5°C or by increasing the dip time from 0.5 to 30 minutes but CaCl2 dipping was no more effective in controlling breakdown at 5° than at 20°.
Susceptibility of Peach Cultivars to Cytospora Canker under Colorado Orchard Conditions1
Authors: Luepschen N. S. , Rohrbach K. G. , Jones A. C. , Dickens L. E.
Published: September 2022

Ten cultivars of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were inoculated in 1967, 1968 and 1969 with the fungus Cytospora leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc. and canker development was measured each season. Seasonal differences were noted. ‘July Elberta’ was the most susceptible of the group while the rest were of intermediate susceptibility. No significant resistance to Cytospora was found.
Synergistic Effect of SADH and Benomyl against Peach Cytospora Canker1
Authors: Harder H. H. , Luepschen N. S.
Published: September 2022

Protective foliar spray applications of the systemic fungicide benomyl (methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate) on mature peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Richhaven) demonstrated significant control of the perennial peach canker organism Cytospora leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc. When the growth retardant SADH (succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide) was applied with benomyl, increased activity against the canker organism was found. Bioassay of the leaf tissue also illustrated an increased benomyl activity when used in combination with SADH. No activity against Cytospora was found with stem section bioassays.
A Box Model Approach to Frost Protection Research1
Authors: Martsolf J. David , Panofsky Hans A.
Published: September 2022

The development of an equation describing a 3-dimensional energy budget of a crop volume from conservation of energy and mass equations is presented. The terms of the equation are interpreted for orchard frost protection studies.
Flowering of Apple Seedlings 16-20 Months after Germination1
Authors: Aldwinckle Herb S.
Published: September 2022

Apple seedlings of two progenies whose parentage was predominantly cultivated apple (Malus spp.) were forced under optimum growing conditions in the greenhouse. Without chilling, flowering started on occasional plants 16 months after germination. Manual defoliation induced synchronous bud break very efficiently. By 20 months after germination 86% and 68% of surviving seedlings in the two progenies had flowered. The phase change from juvenile to adult occurred 10-14 months after germination or possibly earlier.
Calcium Concentration and Distribution in Healthy and Decline Peach Tree Tissues1
Authors: Gallaher R. N. , Perkins H. F. , Jones J. B.
Published: September 2022

Most of the leaf Ca collected from healthy and declining peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch. cv. Loring) growing on both limed and unlimed field plots was found to be non-extractable in acetic acid irrespective of leaf age, health status, or lime treatment. The concentration of extractable leaf Ca was less than 100 parts per million. Concentration of total Ca was highest in leaves from declining trees but declining trees had fewer and smaller leaves resulting in less total Ca in decline as compared to healthy trees. Large numbers of Ca-oxalate crystals were observed throughout the leaf and stem tissues. Crystals were primarily concentrated in leaf midveins. Midvein sections of leaves from decline trees contained greater numbers of crystals per unit area than did those from healthy leaves from healthy trees.
A New Physiological Strain of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Infecting Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Schnock M. G. , Hoffmann G. M. , Krűger J.
Published: September 2022

We report a new strain of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Bri. & Cav. named Ebnet after its place of origin, that is capable of breaking the resistance to anthracnose in lines derived from the anthracnose-resistant Phaseolus vulgaris line ‘Cornell 49-242’.
2,4-D Injury to Citrus Rootstocks1
Authors: Tucker D. P. H. , Phillips R. L.
Published: September 2022

Four commercial formulations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), including 3 oil-soluble amines and one low volatile ester were tested at 2 rates in plots of established budded citrus nursery stock. Five rootstocks budded to ‘Pineapple’ orange scions were evaluated for damage from spray applications to trunks. All amine salt formulations caused varying degrees of damage to the bark (below soil line) and root systems, with little or none from the ester. Rootstock sensitivity to 2,4-D formulations was highly significant with trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L.) and the hybrid ‘Carrizo’ citrange being most tolerant and rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.), ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), and sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) least tolerant.
Organic Acid and Sugar Levels in Tomato Pericarp as Influenced by Storage at Low Temperature1
Authors: Buescher R. W.
Published: September 2022

Organic acid and sugar levels were determined quantitatively by gas-liquid chromatography in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) stored up to 21 days at 2°C and subsequently ripened at 20°. The concentration of malic acid in the pericarp declined during chilling, but citric acid accumulated. Citric acid was considerably higher after ripening of fruit chilled for 21 days than in non-chilled fruit. Sucrose and fructose levels declined during storage while the concentration of glucose remained fairly constant. Both glucose and fructose levels were lower in fruit ripened after 4 and 21 days of low temperature storage than in non-chilled fruit.
Mulch Effects on Ambient Carbon Dioxide Levels and Growth of Several Vegetables1
Authors: Hopen H. J. , Oebker N. F.
Published: September 2022

Carbon dioxide levels were higher under polyethylene, paper-polyethylene, and paper-aluminum foil mulches than over bare soil. Higher levels of CO2 were found over plant holes in the mulch than over the mulch itself. CO2 levels a short distance from plant holes did not differ significantly from the levels over bare soil. Fresh manure as a potential source of CO2 did not increase ambient CO2 levels and lowered broccoli and cucumber yields. Yields were greater with mulches in broccoli, lettuce, and cucumbers because mulches caused higher soil temperatures. Greater growth and yields of test species were attributed primarily to soil temperature modification by mulches; atmospheric CO2 levels were not a factor.
Asulam-induced Mitotic Irregularities in Onion Root-tips1
Authors: Sterrett Richard B. , Fretz Thomas A.
Published: September 2022

Seeds of onion (Allium cepa L cv. Northern Oak) soaked in methyl sulfanilylcarbamate (asulam) showed mitotic irregularities in expanding root-tip cells including arrested metaphases and anaphase and chromosome bridges. Asulam at 2.4 μM increased the percentage of arrested metaphase figures after 31 hours.
Tandem Mass Selection in a Sweet Corn Composite for Earworm Resistance and Agronomic Characters1
Authors: Wann E. V. , Hills W. A.
Published: September 2022

Tandem mass selection in a sweet com (Zea mays L.) composite produced a 5-day gain in maturity, increased the percentage of plants with light-colored silks, and increased the number of kernel rows per ear. Although the differences in earworm resistance between generations were not statistically significant, they suggest a slight but steady increase through the first four cycles of selection. Because infestation of earworm [Heliothis zea (Boddie)] was very low in 1972, no selection was applied to the fifth generation for resistance, and the level of resistance based on mean larval weights and larval instars dropped. Tandem mass selection improved the sweet com population for certain agronomic characters, and maintained its level of earworm resistance.
Banding Activated Carbon to Increase Herbicide Selectivity on Lettuce1
Authors: Kratky B. A.
Published: September 2022

Activated carbon applied in a 5 cm wide band over seeded rows of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) protected the lettuce from the injurious effects of several herbicide combinations. Although activated carbon rates greater than 0.38 g/linear m protected lettuce, a marginally tolerant crop, an increase in the rate of the activated carbon also decreased weed control within the treated band. For conditions in two reported Hawaiian locations, an activated carbon rate of 0.38-0.76g/linear m assured protection from herbicide damage with minimal weed growth in the treated band.
Ethylene and Defoliation of Ornamental Lime Plants in Transit1
Authors: Cunningham J. L. , Staby G. L.
Published: September 2022

Ethylene concentration greater than 1 ppm added to ornamental lime plants (Citrus latifolia Tan. cv. Persian), held in air-tight containers caused serious defoliation of intact plants. No C2H4 was detectable in cartons of lime plants shipped from Florida to Ohio although defoliation occurred.
Optimizing Phosphoric Acid and Chlormequat Concentrations for Growing ‘Sincerity’ Geranium under Alkaline Water Conditions1
Authors: Payne R. N.
Published: September 2022

Food grade phosphoric acid (75%) was found to be a suitable P source for Pelargonium × hortorum cv. Sincerity and was effective as a soil and water acidifier. The best P level for overall plant development was 100 ppm P at every irrigation for plants receiving no chlormequat, and 50 ppm P for chlormequat-treated plants. Lowest soluble salts levels were at 50-100 ppm P. As P in the fertilizer solution increased, leaf concentrations of P increased. Other leaf nutrient concentrations were usually higher in chlormequat-treated plants than in untreated plants. Chlormequat-treated plants were shorter with smaller leaves and had slightly more flowering branches than untreated plants.
A New Postharvest Chemical Treatment for Roses1
Authors: Brantley Richard K.
Published: September 2022

Ammonium ethyl carbamoylphosphonate (AECP) has a large and favorable effect on the beauty and vase life of cut roses when used in conjunction with conventional nutrient sugars and bacteriostats.
Chemical Pinching of ‘Hetzi’ Holly with EHPP1
Authors: Lewis A. J. , Haun J. R.
Published: September 2022

Ethyl hydrogen 1-propylphosphonate (EHPP) applied to Ilex crenata, Thunb. ‘Hetzi’ increased the number of branches. The optimum concentration for branching was 4000 ppm. Higher concentrations reduced branching, produced phytotoxicity, and delayed regrowth. Plant dry weight was inversely proportional to concentration at rates above 2000 ppm.
Effects of Applied Gibberellins on the Growth of Japanese Holly1
Authors: Wright R. D. , Aung L. H.
Published: September 2022

Intemodal and stem lengths of new growth and plant diameter of dwarf Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. cv. Helleri) were significantly increased by sprays of 100, 200, or 400 ppm gibberellin A4+7 (GA4+7). GA3 was less effective than GA4+7, but also significantly increased stem length and plant diameter. Leaf size was decreased by GA3 and GA4+7 applications.
Papaya Development In Hawaii1
Authors: Nakasone Henry Y.
Published: September 2022

Even at the turn of the century, the papaya (cover photo) was the universal breakfast fruit in Hawaii and was considered as one of the most wholesome of fruits. Early horticulturists predicted a strong economic future. Today, it ranks third after pineapple and macadamia in acreage and value in Hawaii. Of the 32.8 million pounds produced from 1,430 acres in 1973, about half was exported with a total farm value of over 4 million dollars with promise of increased acreage and value in the near term.
Inhibition of Ethylene Synthesis by Benzylisothiocyanate and its Use to Delay the Senescence of Carnations1
Authors: Parups E. V.
Published: September 2022

Benzyliso thiocyanate (BITC), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis and an antimicrobial agent, added to aqueous solutions of a flower preservative, at a concentration of 0.180 mM, decreased ethylene production in apple slices and rose stamens and increased the vase-life of cut flowers of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. White Sim).
Anthocyanin Pigments and Breeding Potential in Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.) and Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus L.)1
Authors: Egolf Donald R. , Santamour Frank S.
Published: September 2022

The anthocyanins in the flowers of crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia) species and cultivars are the 3-glucosides of delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin. These three pigments are also present in most of the cultivars of rose of sharon (Hibiscus syriacus), but one cultivar contained cyanidin 3-glucoside as the major petal pigment Thus, the development of plants with “true-red” petals is remotely possible in rose of sharon but unlikely in crapemyrtle.
Influence of Fertilizer Level, Apical Bud Removal, and Tuber Orientation on Forcing of Caladium bicolor1
Authors: Conover C. A. , Poole R. T.
Published: September 2022

Experiments conducted on Caladium bicolor Vent cv. Candidum have shown that apical bud removal increased number of shoots and decreased leaf length, height and color. Planting tubers inverted decreased grade, leaf length, height, and color. Increasing fertilizer level from 0 to 3.0 or 6.0 kg Osmocote/m3 had no influence on leaf size, but influenced grade, number of shoots, and leaf color. Interaction between fertilizer level and tuber orientation indicated higher nutrient levels were partly able to overcome deleterious effects of inverted placement, while interaction between apical bud removal and tuber orientation demonstrated negative effects of bud removal when combined with tuber inversion.
Effects of Scion and Rootstock on Mineral Nutrient Content of Leaves of both Scions and Rootstocks of Sweet Cherry1
Authors: Axford M. A. , Westwood M. N. , Chaplin M. H.
Published: September 2022

The nutrient content of rootstock and scion leaves from trees of ‘Napoleon’ and ‘Corum’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) growing on Stockton Morello (Prunus cerasus L.) and East Mailing Mazzard F12-1 (Prunus avium L.) was analyzed. The concentration of Ca was greater in ‘Corum’ on F12-1 than on Stockton Morello. Rootstocks interacted with scions for K, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, B, and Zn.
Pheno-climatography of Spring Peach Bud Development1
Authors: Richardson E. Arlo , Seeley Schuyler D. , Walker David R. , Anderson J. LaMar , Ashcroft Gaylen L.
Published: September 2022

A model has been developed that relates the stages of spring bud development of ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Elberta’ peaches (Primus persica (L.) Batsch) to an accumulation of growing degree hours following rest completion. The accumulation of growing degree hours is based on a lower limit of 4.5°C and an upper limit of 25°.
Thiourea, a New Thinning Agent for Early-ripening Peaches and Nectarines1
Authors: Erez A.
Published: September 2022

Thiourea will thin ‘Sunred’ nectarine and early peach cultivar flower buds effectively when sprayed at a concentration of 2 to 3% at the beginning of bud swell. Flower-bud thinning was not accompanied by any significant phytotoxicity at this period. Earlier and later application resulted in a reduced thinning effectivity with the latter also causing damage to leaf buds and young shoots. Fruit on chemically thinned trees were larger and matured earlier than those on hand-thinned trees.
Influence of Light and Spray Coverage on Red Color Development of Ethephon-treated ‘McIntosh’ Apples1
Authors: Greene D. W. , Lord W. J.
Published: September 2022

(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid ethephon at 150 ppm increased red color on shaded ‘McIntosh’ apples although color development was slow. Eleven days after ethephon treatment 64% of the shaded fruit on 10-year-old semi-dwarf trees met the color standards for U.S. Extra Fancy Grade while only 37% met this standard 14 days after application on the large trees. No shaded fruit on the check trees were U.S. Extra Fancy. Increased red color on ‘McIntosh’ fruit occurred when ethephon was applied either to the fruit or the leaves.