bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composite fringe projection deep learning profilometry for single-shot absolute 3D shape measurement
Authors: Li Yixuan , Qian Jiaming , Feng Shijie , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: January 2022

Single-shot fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is essential for retrieving the absolute depth information of the objects in high-speed dynamic scenes. High-precision 3D reconstruction using only one single pattern has become the ultimate goal in FPP. The frequency-multiplexing (FM) method is a promising strategy for realizing single-shot absolute 3D measurement by compounding multi-frequency fringe information for phase unwrapping. In order to solve the problem of serious spectrum aliasing caused by multiplexing schemes that cannot be removed by traditional spectrum analysis algorithms, we apply deep learning to frequency multiplexing composite fringe projection and propose a composite fringe projection deep learning profilometry (CDLP). By combining physical model and data-driven approaches, we demonstrate that the model generated by training an improved deep convolutional neural network can directly perform high-precision and unambiguous phase retrieval on a single-shot spatial frequency multiplexing composite fringe image. Experiments on both static and dynamic scenes demonstrate that our method can retrieve robust and unambiguous phases information while avoiding spectrum aliasing and reconstruct high-quality absolute 3D surfaces of objects only by projecting a single composite fringe image.
Simulation of scanning near-field optical microscopy spectra of 1D plasmonic graphene junctions
Authors: Semenenko Vyacheslav , Liu Mengkun , Perebeinos Vasili
Published: January 2022

We present numerical simulations of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) of 1D plasmonic graphene junctions. A comprehensive analysis of simulated s-SNOM spectra is performed for three types of junctions. We find conditions when the conventional interpretation of the plasmon reflection coefficients from s-SNOM measurements does not apply. Our approach can be used for other conducting 2D materials to provide a comprehensive understanding of the s-SNOM techniques for probing the local transport properties of 2D materials.
MoS2 hybrid integrated micro-ring resonator phase shifter based on a silicon nitride platform
Authors: Zhao Zexing , Zhang Ziming , Li Jiatong , Shang Zhenyuan , Wang Guoqing , Yin Jinde , Chen Hao , Guo Kai , Yan Peiguang
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a low-power, compact micro-ring phase shifter based on hybrid integration with atomically thin two-dimensional layered materials, and experimentally establish a low-loss silicon nitride platform. Using a wet transfer method, a large-area few-layer MoS2 film is hybrid integrated with a micro-ring phase shifter, leading to a tuning efficiency of 5.8 pm V−1 at a center wavelength of 1545.294 nm and a half-wave-voltage-length product as low as 0.09 V cm. Our device is designed to provide a hybrid-integration-based active phase modulation scheme for integrated optical communication networks with large-cross-section silicon nitride waveguides.
A lexical approach for identifying behavioural action sequences
Authors: Reddy Gautam , Desban Laura , Tanaka Hidenori , Roussel Julian , Mirat Olivier , Wyart Claire
Published: January 2022

Animals display characteristic behavioural patterns when performing a task, such as the spiraling of a soaring bird or the surge-and-cast of a male moth searching for a female. Identifying such recurring sequences occurring rarely in noisy behavioural data is key to understanding the behavioural response to a distributed stimulus in unrestrained animals. Existing models seek to describe the dynamics of behaviour or segment individual locomotor episodes rather than to identify the rare and transient sequences of locomotor episodes that make up the behavioural response. To fill this gap, we develop a lexical, hierarchical model of behaviour. We designed an unsupervised algorithm called “BASS” to efficiently identify and segment recurring behavioural action sequences transiently occurring in long behavioural recordings. When applied to navigating larval zebrafish, BASS extracts a dictionary of remarkably long, non-Markovian sequences consisting of repeats and mixtures of slow forward and turn bouts. Applied to a novel chemotaxis assay, BASS uncovers chemotactic strategies deployed by zebrafish to avoid aversive cues consisting of sequences of fast large-angle turns and burst swims. In a simulated dataset of soaring gliders climbing thermals, BASS finds the spiraling patterns characteristic of soaring behaviour. In both cases, BASS succeeds in identifying rare action sequences in the behaviour deployed by freely moving animals. BASS can be easily incorporated into the pipelines of existing behavioural analyses across diverse species, and even more broadly used as a generic algorithm for pattern recognition in low-dimensional sequential data.
Interpretable machine learning for high-dimensional trajectories of aging health
Authors: Farrell Spencer , Mitnitski Arnold , Rockwood Kenneth , Rutenberg Andrew D.
Published: January 2022

We have built a computational model for individual aging trajectories of health and survival, which contains physical, functional, and biological variables, and is conditioned on demographic, lifestyle, and medical background information. We combine techniques of modern machine learning with an interpretable interaction network, where health variables are coupled by explicit pair-wise interactions within a stochastic dynamical system. Our dynamic joint interpretable network (DJIN) model is scalable to large longitudinal data sets, is predictive of individual high-dimensional health trajectories and survival from baseline health states, and infers an interpretable network of directed interactions between the health variables. The network identifies plausible physiological connections between health variables as well as clusters of strongly connected health variables. We use English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) data to train our model and show that it performs better than multiple dedicated linear models for health outcomes and survival. We compare our model with flexible lower-dimensional latent-space models to explore the dimensionality required to accurately model aging health outcomes. Our DJIN model can be used to generate synthetic individuals that age realistically, to impute missing data, and to simulate future aging outcomes given arbitrary initial health states.
Profiling transcription factor activity dynamics using intronic reads in time-series transcriptome data
Authors: Wu Yan , Xue Lingfeng , Huang Wen , Deng Minghua , Lin Yihan
Published: January 2022

Activities of transcription factors (TFs) are temporally modulated to regulate dynamic cellular processes, including development, homeostasis, and disease. Recent developments of bioinformatic tools have enabled the analysis of TF activities using transcriptome data. However, because these methods typically use exon-based target expression levels, the estimated TF activities have limited temporal accuracy. To address this, we proposed a TF activity measure based on intron-level information in time-series RNA-seq data, and implemented it to decode the temporal control of TF activities during dynamic processes. We showed that TF activities inferred from intronic reads can better recapitulate instantaneous TF activities compared to the exon-based measure. By analyzing public and our own time-series transcriptome data, we found that intron-based TF activities improve the characterization of temporal phasing of cycling TFs during circadian rhythm, and facilitate the discovery of two temporally opposing TF modules during T cell activation. Collectively, we anticipate that the proposed approach would be broadly applicable for decoding global transcriptional architecture during dynamic processes.
Bacterial recognition by PGRP-SA and downstream signalling by Toll/DIF sustain commensal gut bacteria in Drosophila
Authors: Bahuguna Shivohum , Atilano Magda , Glittenberg Marcus , Lee Dohun , Arora Srishti , Wang Lihui , Zhou Jun , Redhai Siamak , Boutros Michael , Ligoxygakis Petros
Published: January 2022

The gut sets the immune and metabolic parameters for the survival of commensal bacteria. We report that in Drosophila, deficiency in bacterial recognition upstream of Toll/NF-κB signalling resulted in reduced density and diversity of gut bacteria. Translational regulation factor 4E-BP, a transcriptional target of Toll/NF-κB, mediated this host-bacteriome interaction. In healthy flies, Toll activated 4E-BP, which enabled fat catabolism, which resulted in sustaining of the bacteriome. The presence of gut bacteria kept Toll signalling activity thus ensuring the feedback loop of their own preservation. When Toll activity was absent, TOR-mediated suppression of 4E-BP made fat resources inaccessible and this correlated with loss of intestinal bacterial density. This could be overcome by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TOR, which restored bacterial density. Our results give insights into how an animal integrates immune sensing and metabolism to maintain indigenous bacteria in a healthy gut.
Design and protocol for a cluster randomised trial of enhanced diagnostics for tuberculosis screening among people living with HIV in hospital in Malawi (CASTLE study)
Authors: Burke Rachael M. , Nyirenda Saulos , Twabi Hussein H. , Nliwasa Marriott , Joekes Elizabeth , Walker Naomi , Nyirenda Rose , Gupta-Wright Ankur , Fielding Katherine , MacPherson Peter , Corbett Elizabeth L.
Published: January 2022

Background

People living with HIV (PLHIV) have a high risk of death if hospitalised in low-income countries. Tuberculosis has long been the leading cause of admission and death, in part due to suboptimal diagnostics. Two promising new diagnostic tools are digital chest Xray with computer-aided diagnosis (DCXR-CAD) and urine testing with Fujifilm SILVAMP LAM (FujiLAM). Neither test has been rigorously evaluated among inpatients. Test characteristics may be complementary, with FujiLAM especially sensitive for disseminated tuberculosis and DCXR-CAD especially sensitive for pulmonary tuberculosis, making combined interventions of interest.

Design and methods

An exploratory unblinded, single site, two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial, with day of admission as the unit of randomisation. A third, smaller, integrated cohort arm (4:4:1 random allocation) contributes to understanding case-mix, but not trial outcomes. Participants are adults living with HIV not currently on TB treatment. The intervention (DCXR-CAD plus urine FujiLAM plus usual care) is compared to usual care alone. The primary outcome is proportion of participants started on tuberculosis treatment by day 56, with secondary outcomes of mortality (time to event) measured to to 56 days from enrolment, proportions with undiagnosed tuberculosis at death or hospital discharge and comparing proportions with enrolment-day tuberculosis treatment initiation.

Discussion

Both DCXR-CAD and FujiLAM have potential clinical utility and may have complementary diagnostic performance. To our knowledge, this is the first randomised trial to evaluate these tests among hospitalised PLHIV.
Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults with and without HIV in Western Kenya
Authors: Mogaka Jerusha Nyabiage , Sharma Monisha , Temu Tecla , Masyuko Sarah , Kinuthia John , Osoti Alfred , Zifodya Jerry , Nakanjako Damalie , Njoroge Anne , Otedo Amos , Page Stephanie , Farquhar Carey
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa with untreated hypertension being a major contributing factor. Understanding the magnitude of the problem and risk factors associated with HIV and long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critically important for designing effective programs for diagnosing and treating hypertension in Kenya.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 300 persons with HIV (PWH) on long term ART (≥6 months) and 298 HIV-negative adults seeking care at the Kisumu County Hospital between September 2017 and May 2018. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure of ≥140/90mmHg or a previous hypertension diagnosis. Multivariate regression was used to assess the association between hypertension and HIV adjusting for age, sex, and known CVD risk factors.

Results

Overall prevalence of hypertension was 22%. PWH had a lower prevalence of hypertension than HIV-negative persons (16% vs 27% respectively; p<0.002). In multivariate analyses, persons with HIV were 37% less likely to have hypertension compared to HIV-negative individuals (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.46–0.86). Other factors that were associated with hypertension in all participants included older age >40 years, body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 and low-density lipoproteins ≥130mg/dL. Among PWH, being older than 40 years and higher BMI >30 kg/m2 were associated with hypertension.

Conclusion

Prevalence of hypertension was high, affecting nearly one in every 4 adults, and associated with older age, higher BMI and high low-density lipoproteins. PWH on long-term ART had significantly lower prevalence of hypertension compared to HIV-negative individuals, potentially due to increased access to healthcare services and interaction with prevention messaging. Interventions to increase screening for and prevention of hypertension in the community for all adults are warranted.
Proteome changes of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Pecankova Klara , Pecherkova Pavla , Gasova Zdenka , Sovova Zofie , Riedel Tomas , Jäger Eliézer , Cermak Jaroslav , Majek Pavel
Published: January 2022

Background

Extracellular vesicles are released into body fluids from the majority of, if not all, cell types. Because their secretion and specific cargo (e.g., proteins) varies according to pathology, extracellular vesicles may prove a rich source of biomarkers. However, their biological and pathophysiological functions are poorly understood in hematological malignancies.

Objective

Here, we investigated proteome changes in the exosome-rich fraction of the plasma of myelodysplastic syndrome patients and healthy donors.

Methods

Exosome-rich fraction of the plasma was isolated using ExoQuick™: proteomes were compared and statistically processed; proteins were identified by nanoLC-MS/MS and verified using the ExoCarta and QuickGO databases. Mann-Whitney and Spearman analyses were used to statistically analyze the data. 2D western blot was used to monitor clusterin proteoforms.

Results

Statistical analyses of the data highlighted clusterin alterations as the most significant. 2D western blot showed that the clusterin changes were caused by posttranslational modifications. Moreover, there was a notable increase in the clusterin proteoform in the exosome-rich fraction of plasma of patients with more severe myelodysplastic syndrome; this corresponded with a simultaneous decrease in their plasma.

Conclusions

This specific clusterin proteoform seems to be a promising biomarker for myelodysplastic syndrome progression.
SERMs (selective estrogen receptor modulator), acting as estrogen receptor β agonists in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, inhibit the transforming growth factor-α-induced migration via specific inhibition of AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Matsushima-Nishiwaki Rie , Yamada Noriko , Hattori Yuria , Hosokawa Yui , Tachi Junko , Hori Takamitsu , Kozawa Osamu
Published: January 2022

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) interacts with estrogen receptors and acts as both an agonist or an antagonist, depending on the target tissue. SERM is widely used as a safer hormone replacement therapeutic medicine for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Regarding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accumulating evidence indicates gender differences in the development, and that men are at higher morbidity risk than premenopausal women, suggesting that estrogen protects against HCC. However, it remains unclear whether SERM affects the HCC progression. Previously, we have shown that transforming growth factor (TGF)-α promotes the migration of HCC cells via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase and AKT. In the present study, we investigated whether SERM such as tamoxifen, raloxifene and bazedoxifene, affects the HCC cell migration using human HCC-derived HuH7 cells. Raloxifene and bazedoxifene but not tamoxifen, significantly suppressed the TGF-α-induced HuH7 cell migration. ERB041 and DPN, estrogen receptor (ER) β agonists, inhibited the TGF-α-induced cell migration whereas PPT, an ERα agonist, did not show the suppressive effect on the cell migration. ERB041 attenuated the TGF-α-induced phosphorylation of AKT without affecting the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Raloxifene and bazedoxifene also inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT by TGF-α. Furthermore, PHTPP, an ERβ antagonist, significantly reversed the suppression by both raloxifene and bazedoxifene of the TGF-α-induced cell migration. Taken together, our results strongly indicate that raloxifene and bazedoxifene, SERMs, suppress the TGF-α-induced migration of HCC cells through ERβ-mediated inhibition of the AKT signaling pathway.
Inhibition of the master regulator of Listeria monocytogenes virulence enables bacterial clearance from spacious replication vacuoles in infected macrophages
Authors: Tran Thao Thanh , Mathmann Carmen D. , Gatica-Andrades Marcela , Rollo Rachel F. , Oelker Melanie , Ljungberg Johanna K. , Nguyen Tam T. K. , Zamoshnikova Alina , Kummari Lalith K. , Wyer Orry J. K. , Irvine Katharine M. , Melo-Bolívar Javier , Gross Annette , Brown Darren , Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Fairlie David P. , Hansford Karl A. , Cooper Matthew A. , Giri Rabina , Schreiber Veronika , Joseph Shannon R. , Simpson Fiona , Barnett Timothy C. , Johansson Jörgen , Dankers Wendy , Harris James , Wells Timothy J. , Kapetanovic Ronan , Sweet Matthew J. , Latomanski Eleanor A. , Newton Hayley J. , Guérillot Romain J. R. , Hachani Abderrahman , Stinear Timothy P. , Ong Sze Ying , Chandran Yogeswari , Hartland Elizabeth L. , Kobe Bostjan , Stow Jennifer L. , Sauer-Eriksson A. Elisabeth , Begun Jakob , Kling Jessica C. , Blumenthal Antje
Published: January 2022

A hallmark ofListeria (L.) monocytogenespathogenesis is bacterial escape from maturing entry vacuoles, which is required for rapid bacterial replication in the host cell cytoplasm and cell-to-cell spread. The bacterial transcriptional activator PrfA controls expression of key virulence factors that enable exploitation of this intracellular niche. The transcriptional activity of PrfA within infected host cells is controlled by allosteric coactivation. Inhibitory occupation of the coactivator site has been shown to impair PrfA functions, but consequences of PrfA inhibition forL.monocytogenesinfection and pathogenesis are unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of PrfA with a small molecule inhibitor occupying the coactivator site at 2.0 Å resolution. Using molecular imaging and infection studies in macrophages, we demonstrate that PrfA inhibition prevents the vacuolar escape ofL.monocytogenesand enables extensive bacterial replication inside spacious vacuoles. In contrast to previously described spaciousListeria-containing vacuoles, which have been implicated in supporting chronic infection, PrfA inhibition facilitated progressive clearance of intracellularL.monocytogenesfrom spacious vacuoles through lysosomal degradation. Thus, inhibitory occupation of the PrfA coactivator site facilitates formation of a transient intravacuolarL.monocytogenesreplication niche that licenses macrophages to effectively eliminate intracellular bacteria. Our findings encourage further exploration of PrfA as a potential target for antimicrobials and highlight that intra-vacuolar residence ofL.monocytogenesin macrophages is not inevitably tied to bacterial persistence.
Hyperinflammatory environment drives dysfunctional myeloid cell effector response to bacterial challenge in COVID-19
Authors: Mairpady Shambat Srikanth , Gómez-Mejia Alejandro , Schweizer Tiziano A. , Huemer Markus , Chang Chun-Chi , Acevedo Claudio , Bergada-Pijuan Judith , Vulin Clément , Hofmaenner Daniel A. , Scheier Thomas C. , Hertegonne Sanne , Parietti Elena , Miroshnikova Nataliya , Wendel Garcia Pedro D. , Hilty Matthias P. , Buehler Philipp Karl , Schuepbach Reto A. , Brugger Silvio D. , Zinkernagel Annelies S.
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 displays diverse disease severities and symptoms including acute systemic inflammation and hypercytokinemia, with subsequent dysregulation of immune cells. Bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 can further complicate the disease course and are associated with increased mortality. However, there is limited understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and hypercytokinemia impede the innate immune function against bacterial superinfections. We assessed the influence of COVID-19 plasma hypercytokinemia on the functional responses of myeloid immune cells upon bacterial challenges from acute-phase COVID-19 patients and their corresponding recovery-phase. We show that a severe hypercytokinemia status in COVID-19 patients correlates with the development of bacterial superinfections. Neutrophils and monocytes derived from COVID-19 patients in their acute-phase showed an impaired intracellular microbicidal capacity upon bacterial challenges. The impaired microbicidal capacity was reflected by abrogated MPO and reduced NETs production in neutrophils along with reduced ROS production in both neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, we observed a distinct pattern of cell surface receptor expression on both neutrophils and monocytes, in line with suppressed autocrine and paracrine cytokine signaling. This phenotype was characterized by a high expression of CD66b, CXCR4 and low expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CD15 in neutrophils and low expression of HLA-DR, CD86 and high expression of CD163 and CD11b in monocytes. Furthermore, the impaired antibacterial effector function was mediated by synergistic effect of the cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4. COVID-19 patients receiving dexamethasone showed a significant reduction of overall inflammatory markers in the plasma as well as exhibited an enhanced immune response towards bacterial challengeex vivo. Finally, broad anti-inflammatory treatment was associated with a reduction in CRP, IL-6 levels as well as length of ICU stay and ventilation-days in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our data provides insights into the transient functional dysregulation of myeloid immune cells against subsequent bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients and describe a beneficial role for the use of dexamethasone in these patients.
Fasciola hepatica is refractory to complement killing by preventing attachment of mannose binding lectin (MBL) and inhibiting MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) with serpins
Authors: De Marco Verissimo Carolina , Jewhurst Heather L. , Dobó József , Gál Péter , Dalton John P. , Cwiklinski Krystyna
Published: January 2022

The complement system is a first-line innate host immune defence against invading pathogens. It is activated via three pathways, termed Classical, Lectin and Alternative, which are mediated by antibodies, carbohydrate arrays or microbial liposaccharides, respectively. The three complement pathways converge in the formation of C3-convertase followed by the assembly of a lethal pore-like structure, the membrane attack complex (MAC), on the pathogen surface. We found that the infectious stage of the helminth parasiteFasciola hepatica, the newly excysted juvenile (NEJ), is resistant to the damaging effects of complement. Despite being coated with mannosylated proteins, the main initiator of the Lectin pathway, the mannose binding lectin (MBL), does not bind to the surface of live NEJ. In addition, we found that recombinantly expressed serine protease inhibitors secreted by NEJ (rFhSrp1 and rFhSrp2) selectively prevent activation of the complement via the Lectin pathway. Our experiments demonstrate that rFhSrp1 and rFhSrp2 inhibit native and recombinant MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs), impairing the primary step that mediates C3b and C4b deposition on the NEJ surface. Indeed, immunofluorescence studies show that MBL, C3b, C4b or MAC are not deposited on the surface of NEJ incubated in normal human serum. Taken together, our findings uncover new means by which a helminth parasite prevents the activation of the Lectin complement pathway to become refractory to killingviathis host response, in spite of presenting an assortment of glycans on their surface.
Epstein-Barr Virus BGLF2 commandeers RISC to interfere with cellular miRNA function
Authors: Campbell Ashley M. , De La Cruz-Herrera Carlos F. , Marcon Edyta , Greenblatt Jack , Frappier Lori
Published: January 2022

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BGLF2 protein is a tegument protein with multiple effects on the cellular environment, including induction of SUMOylation of cellular proteins. Using affinity-purification coupled to mass-spectrometry, we identified the miRNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC), essential for miRNA function, as a top interactor of BGLF2. We confirmed BGLF2 interaction with the Ago2 and TNRC6 components of RISC in multiple cell lines and their co-localization in cytoplasmic bodies that also contain the stress granule marker G3BP1. In addition, BGLF2 expression led to the loss of processing bodies in multiple cell types, suggesting disruption of RISC function in mRNA regulation. Consistent with this observation, BGLF2 disrupted Ago2 association with multiple miRNAs. Using let-7 miRNAs as a model, we tested the hypothesis that BGLF2 interfered with the function of RISC in miRNA-mediated mRNA silencing. Using multiple reporter constructs with 3’UTRs containing let-7a regulated sites, we showed that BGLF2 inhibited let-7a miRNA activity dependent on these 3’UTRs, including those from SUMO transcripts which are known to be regulated by let-7 miRNAs. In keeping with these results, we showed that BGLF2 increased the cellular level of unconjugated SUMO proteins without affecting the level of SUMO transcripts. Such an increase in free SUMO is known to drive SUMOylation and would account for the effect of BGLF2 in inducing SUMOylation. We further showed that BGLF2 expression inhibited the loading of let-7 miRNAs into Ago2 proteins, and conversely, that lytic infection with EBV lacking BGLF2 resulted in increased interaction of let-7a and SUMO transcripts with Ago2, relative to WT EBV infection. Therefore, we have identified a novel role for BGLF2 as a miRNA regulator and shown that one outcome of this activity is the dysregulation of SUMO transcripts that leads to increased levels of free SUMO proteins and SUMOylation.
Branded content y moda de lujo: análisis de los contenidos audiovisuales en YouTube (2008-2019)
Authors: Ramos-Serrano Marina , Macías-Muñoz Gema , Rueda-Treviño Antonio
Published: January 2022

Las redes sociales y la democratización de la moda han impactado en las estrategias comunicativas del sector del lujo. Este artículo realiza un análisis descriptivo a través del análisis de contenido de todos los vídeos alojados —4079— en los canales de YouTube de las 12 principales marcas de moda de lujo. El principal objetivo es conocer la evolución de los contenidos audiovisuales de las principales marcas de moda de lujo en YouTube e identificar los principales formatos utilizados. Los resultados aportan una clasificación de los principales formatos utilizados por el sector del lujo, así como su capacidad de interacción. La investigación concluye que las marcas de moda de lujo usan más formatos convencionales que estrategias de contenido asociadas al branded content. Del mismo modo, se aprecia que las marcas de moda de lujo apenas interaccionan con su público objetivo.
The Procedure for the Official Publishing of Regulatory Legal Acts as a Source of Russian Law
Authors: Kazantseva Olesya
Published: January 2022

The article is aimed at the study of the procedure for publishing of regulatory legal acts in accordance with Russian legislation. Normative legal acts affecting the rights, freedoms and duties of man and citizen are the most important source of Russian law and should be officially published. It is with this fact that the law connects their entry into force. Given that there are no legal definitions of a regulatory legal act, official text, publication, problems arise in law enforcement practice. In addition, the diversity of normative acts by the level of their adoption indicates the diversity of sources of their official publication. This scientific article has been delivered in order to determine the rules for the publishing of laws and other regulations, national and international documents. The author concludes that it is necessary to improve legislation in field and the legal definition of the concepts under study.
P001 Corticosteroid Induced Mood Changes in IBD
Authors: Gora Rachel
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Depression and anxiety have been identified as symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An association between disease severity and depressive symptoms has been observed. Corticosteroids are used to treat IBD flares but frequently causes neuropsychiatric adverse effects that are expressed as hypomania, anxiety, and psychosis. There is a gap in literature pertaining to the effect of steroids on mood changes in patients with IBD. This scholarly research project aims to investigate this relationship.

METHODS:

A systematic review was performed by a graduate nursing student under faculty supervision. Terms such as “inflammatory bowel disease,” “Crohn’s Disease,” “ulcerative colitis,” “mood,” “mental health,” “psychiatric,” “depression,” “anxiety,” “corticosteroids” and “steroids” were searched for in online databases of PubMed, CINHAL, PsychInfo, Medline, and Google Scholar. Eligibility was established by predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

RESULTS:

Ten research articles were critiqued, and the data was synthesized into themes of comorbid anxiety and depression with IBD, effects of antidepressant therapy on IBD, corticosteroid induced mood changes, and populations at risk.

CONCLUSION:

Patients with IBD and concurrent anxiety/depression experience improved IBD symptoms with antidepressant therapy. However, patients on antidepressants are more likely to experience neuropsychiatric adverse effects from corticosteroids such as hypomania, insomnia, and anxiety. Providers should be aware of the potential benefits and risks of prescribing antidepressants and corticosteroids in patients with IBD. Future research can clarify benefits and risks by investigating if corticosteroids are required less in IBD patients who take antidepressants.
Real Time Flow Control System for Precise Gas Feed in COIL
Authors: Dohare Rajeev Kumar , . Mainuddin , Singhal Gaurav
Published: January 2022

This paper reports development of a real time flow control system for precise, controlled and uniform gas feed to a flowing medium Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL). The optimal operation of this prominent laser depends upon the desired supply of gas constituents such as nitrogen (N2), chlorine (Cl2) and iodine (I2) to achieve adequately mixed laser gas. The laser also demands real time variation of flow rates during gas constituent transitions in order to maintain stabilized pressures in critical subsystems. Diluent nitrogen utilized for singlet oxygen transport is termed as primary buffer gas and that for iodine transport is termed as secondary buffer gas (with main and bypass components). Also, nitrogen in precise flows is used for mirror blowing, nozzle curtain, cavity bleed and diffuser startup. A compact hybrid data acquisition system (Hybrid DAS) for precise flow control using LabVIEW 2014 platform has been developed. The supported flow ranges may vary from few mmole.s-1 to few hundred mmole.s-1. The estimated relative uncertainty in the largest gas component i.e. primary buffer gas feed is nearly 0.7%. The implementation of in-operation variation using flow ramp enables swift stabilization of singlet oxygen generator pressures critical for successful COIL operation. The performance of Hybrid DAS is at par with fully wired DAS providing the crucial benefit of remote field operation at distances of nearly 80m in line of sight and 35m with obstacles
Цифровые инфраструктуры гражданско-политического активизма: актуальные вызовы, риски и ограничения
Authors: Володенков Сергей Владимирович , Федорченко Сергей Николаевич
Published: January 2022

Статья определяет ключевые вызовы, риски и ограничения цифровизации современного гражданско-политического активизма в аспекте демократизации традиционных политических институтов и гражданского общества. Ключевой задачей исследования выступает критический анализ актуальных практик гражданско-политического активизма с использованием цифровых платформ. Авторы обосновывают положение о том, что в условиях глобальных технологических трансформаций и перехода к парадигме Web 3.0 содержательные и функциональные характеристики гражданско-политического активизма будут существенно изменяться, порождая новые эффекты. Показано, что параметры цифрового гражданско-политического активизма во многом определяются дизайном используемых цифровых платформ — теми возможностями, форматами, механиками, алгоритмами и особенностями коммуникации, которые предоставляются в рамках действующей цифровой инфраструктуры. Авторы заключают, что дизайн гражданско-политического активизма является в функциональном аспекте не самостоятельным, но производным от функционала и алгоритмических моделей платформ, а аффордансы в значительной степени зависят от программных алгоритмов платформы. При этом алгоритмы, используемые цифровыми корпорациями и институтами власти, не предполагают интерфейсов, способствующих цифровому самоопределению граждан. Для подтверждения данного утверждения авторы проводят SWOT-анализ некоторых цифровых платформ гражданско-политического активизма.
Также в статье обсуждается проблема симуляции и симулякризации цифрового активизма. Показано, что за счет своей информационной активности и наличия устойчивой лояльной аудитории гражданско-политические активисты способны в собственных интересах влиять на повестку дня, смещая представление аудитории о реальной действительности в необходимую сторону. При этом информационное капсулирование онлайн-пользователей посредством их вовлечения в деятельность групп и сообществ гражданско-политических активистов способно формировать необходимые общественно-политические убеждения и представления, которые в дальнейшем становятся основой программирования ожидаемого поведения индивидов в реальности. По итогам проведенного исследования в работе определены ключевые компоненты цифровых инфраструктур гражданско-политического активизма, а также представлены возможные сценарии развития этой сферы.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено в рамках Программы развития Междисциплинарной научно-образовательнойшколы Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова «Сохранение мировогокультурно-исторического наследия».
Гражданский активизм российской молодежи в цифровой среде как предиктор активности офлайн: результаты массового опроса и мультиагентного моделирования
Authors: Бродовская Елена Викторовна , Азаров Артур Александрович , Шатилов Александр Борисович
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена проблеме влияния социально-медийных коммуникаций на гражданский и политический активизм молодежи, составляющей ядро российской интернет-аудитории. Исследование направлено на определение сценариев развития гражданской и политической мобилизации в России. Авторы определяют базовые типы гражданского активизма российской молодежи офлайн и онлайн («акторы», «вовлеченные», «кликтивисты», «выключенные»), а также строят математическую модель, учитывающую соотношение между ними, их ценностные портреты и доминирующие интернет-стратегии. Работа основана на данных массового опроса населения и методах мультиагентного моделирования.
В результате применения мультиагентного моделирования разработана типология агентов, состоящая из пяти групп, описаны основные функции, которые реализует каждый агент, а также параметры, по которым эти агенты объединяются в одну группу; составлена развернутая схема взаимодействия агентов и описаны алгоритмы их взаимодействия в зависимости от внешних факторов; представлены способы перехода агентов из группы в группу.
Установлено, что масштаб, направленность и конвенциональность деятельности коллективных акторов в условиях их мобилизации посредством цифровых коммуникаций зависят от способности агентов (лидеров общественного мнения, контекстнообусловленных лидеров общественного мнения, вовлеченных и др.) меняться ролями и средами, обеспечивая тем самым силу «слабых связей».
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финансового университета.
Общественный активизм российских граждан в офлайн- и онлайн-пространствах
Authors: Парма Роман Васильевич
Published: January 2022

В статье представлены результаты исследования специфики общественной активности россиян в онлайн- и офлайн-средах. Цель работы — выявление взаимосвязи социальных и политических действий российских граждан в офлайн- и онлайн-пространствах. Методология исследования опирается на сетевой и необихевиористский подходы, а также на концепции социальных движений и политического участия. Эмпирическая основа работы — онлайн-опрос по квотируемой репрезентативной выборке (N = 1600). Автор оценивает интенсивность, масштаб, характер, направленность, факторы и эффекты вовлеченности граждан в общественную активность, а также сегментирует российских граждан по политическим установкам лояльности, оппозиционности и отрешенности.
В целом среди российских граждан выявляются слабая общественная консолидация и низкая интенсивность общественного участия, преобладает разобщенность в готовности к совместным действиям. В общественных установках население проявляет выраженную отстраненность от политической активности и расположенность к социальной активности. Граждане склонны объединяться прежде всего для решения проблем экологии, защиты животных и низкого уровня жизни. Более значимыми мотивами общественной активности, чем материальные стимулы, выступают польза другим людям, нравственный долг, общее дело, самореализация, влияние на власть, общение с людьми и получение нужных навыков. В общественной онлайн-активности преобладают кликтивисткие формы, а офлайн граждане склонны участвовать в действиях по решению возникающих проблем на основании самоорганизации. Пассивное поведение большинства граждан сдерживает конверсию общественной активности из онлайн- в офлайн-пространство.
Выявленные корреляции показывают наличие связи между онлайн- и офлайн-предпочтениями при выборе субъектов взаимодействия для реализации гражданских инициатив. Интенсивность использования цифровых каналов коммуникации для реализации общественной активности связана с частотой участия в действиях офлайн, направленных на решение социальных и политических проблем. Внутренняя установка граждан на реализацию общественных инициатив предопределяет активность использования онлайн коммуникаций для более эффективных действий в офлайн. Значимая корреляция выявлена между социальной и политической активностью граждан. При этом частота подталкивающих к действиям информационных сообщений оказывает слабое влияние на общественную активность граждан.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финансового университета.
Emetine and Indirubin- 3- monoxime interaction with human brain acetylcholinesterase: A computational and statistical analysis
Authors: Ahmad Syed Sayeed , Khan Haroon , Khalid Mohammad , Almalki Abdulraheem SA
Published: January 2022

Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative ailment and the most familiar type of dementia in the older population with no effective cure to date. It is characterized by a decrease in memory, associated with the mutilation of cholinergic neurotransmission. Presently, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have emerged as the most endorsed pharmacological medications for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to research the molecular enzymatic inhibition of human brain acetylcholinesterase by a natural compound emetine and I3M. Molecular docking studies were used to identify superior interaction between enzyme acetylcholinesterase and ligands. Furthermore, the docked acetylcholinesterase-emetine complex was validated statistically using an analysis of variance in all tested conformers. In this interaction, H-bond, hydrophobic interaction, pi-pi, and Cation-pi interactions played a vital function in predicting the accurate conformation of the ligand that binds with the active site of acetylcholinesterase. The conformer with the lowest free energy of binding was further analyzed. The binding energy for acetylcholinesterase complex with emetine and I3M was -9.72kcal/mol and -7.09kcal/mol, respectively. In the current study, the prediction was studied to establish a relationship between binding energy and intermolecular energy (coefficient of determination [R2 linear = 0.999), and intermolecular energy and Van der wall forces (R2 linear = 0.994). These results would be useful in gaining structural insight for designing novel lead compounds against acetylcholinesterase for the effective management of Alzheimer's disease.
Clinical course and outcomes of chronic heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in concomitant overweight and obesity with comorbid atrial fibrillation
Authors: Bidzilya P. P. , Kadzharian V. H. , Kapshytar N. I.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To study the features of the clinical course and outcomes of chronic heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (CHFprEF) in overweight and obese patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF).
Materials and methods. 248 overweight and obese patients with CHFprEF, aged 65.0 ± 11.0 years, 146 females (58.9 %) and 102 males (41.1 %) were examined. The first group consisted of 181 patients without concomitant AF, mean age 64.0 ± 11.0 years, 110 females (60.8 %) and 71 males (39.2 %). The second group included 67 patients with AF, mean age 67.9 ± 11.3 years, 36 females (53.7 %) and 31 males (46.3 %).
Results. Comorbid AF was associated with a more severe course of CHFprEF by the rating scale of clinical state (0.9 points), Borg scale (1.7 points), a significant predominance of orthopnea (by 16.6 %), night cough (by 27.9 %), cardiac asthma (by 27.2 %), low exercise tolerance (by 14.3 %), weakness (by 23.7 %), palpitations (by 72.9 %), edema of the feet (by 40.6 %), rapid weight gain (by 32.6 %), jugular venous distention (by 21.4 %), pathological third heart sound (by 16.7 %), percussion extension of the cardiac borders (by 41.4 %) and dullness over the lungs (28.9 %), moist rales (24.3 %), second sound with a loud pulmonic component (by 33.9 %), tachypnea (by 25.9 %), hepatomegaly (by 32.0 %) and ascites (by 13.6 %), increased risk of cumulative endpoint (by 2.7 times), five-year mortality (by 3.4 times) and rehospitalization (by 3 times) (P ˂ 0.001).
Conclusions. AF as the comorbidity in overweight and obese patients is associated with more severe clinical course of CHFprEF and worse five-year outcomes.
Immunohistochemical analysis of GFAP expression in the experimental sepsis-associated encephalopathy
Authors: Shulyatnikova T. V. , Tumaskyi V. O.
Published: January 2022

Pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is linked to blood-brain barrier breakdown, neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter imbalance in the brain. Astroglia, the most abundant cell population within the brain, plays the critical role in control of all kinds of homeostatic processes, thereby regulating the adaptive reactions of the brain to various challenges. Astroglia are highly heterogenous across the brain regions, therefore, damaging factors stimulate heterogenous astroglial reactivity and response in different brain regions.
The aim of this study was determining immunohistochemical features of GFAP expression in various brain regions in the model of rodent experimental sepsis.
Materials and methods. The experiment was performed in Wistar rats: control group of 5 sham-operated rats and the main group of 20 rats subjected to cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure. The immunohistochemical study of GFAP expression in the sensorimotor cortex, subcortical white matter, hippocampal, thalamic and caudate nucleus/putamen regions was performed from 20 to 48 hours of the postoperative period.
Results. Starting from the 12th hour after CLP, animals began display progressive increase in signs of periorbital exudation, piloerection, fever-/hypothermia, diarrhea, social isolation, lethargy, and respiratory impairment. In the period of 20–38 hours, 9 animals showed expressed previously listed symptoms and were euthanized (CLP-B – lethal group), 11 rats survived until 48 hours of the experiment (CLP-A – survived group). In the lethal group, starting from 20 to 38 hours after the CLP procedure, a significant (relative to control) regionally-specific dynamic increase in the level of GFAP expression was observed in the brain: in the cortex – by 465 %, in the subcortical white matter – by 198 %, in the hippocampus – by 250 %, from the 23rd hour – in the caudate nucleus/putamen by 18 %. In the thalamus, no significant changes in the level of GFAP expression were observed. In the cortex and hippocampus of survived animals, 48 h after CLP, higher values of GFAP expression were observed comparing to the group of non-survived animals.
Conclusions. Under conditions of the experimental SAE, an early dynamic increase in the astroglial reactivity was observed in the cortex, hippocampus, white matter, and caudate nucleus/putamen of the brain with the most significant increase of indicators in the cortex and hippocampus, which potentially indicates relatively more vulnerable areas of the brain to damaging factors, as well as places of the most active intercellular interaction in the condition of systemic inflammation. Higher values of GFAP expression in the cortex and hippocampus of survived animals at 48 hours of the experiment, compared with indicators of non-survived group, indicate increased astroglial reactivity in these brain regions at the noted time period, accompanied by relatively more favorable clinical course of the disease.