bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature effects in topological insulators of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Authors: Chen Siyu , Parker Isaac J. , Monserrat Bartomeu
Published: April 2024

We investigate the role of temperature on the topological insulating state of metal dichalcogenide monolayers, 1T′−MX2 (M=W, Mo and X=S, Se). Using first principles calculations based on density functional theory, we consider three temperature-related contributions to the topological band gap: electrons coupling with short-wavelength phonons, with long-wavelength phonons Fröhlich coupling, and thermal expansion. We find that electron-phonon coupling promotes the topology of the electronic structures of all 1T′−MX2 monolayers, while thermal expansion acts as a counteracting effect. Additionally, we derive the band renormalization from Fröhlich coupling in the two-dimensional context and observe its relatively modest contribution to 1T′−MX2 monolayers. Finally, we present a simplified physical picture to understand the “inverse Varshni” effect driven by band inversion in topological insulators. Our work reveals that, among the four 1T′−MX2 studied monolayers, MoSe2 is a promising candidate for room-temperature applications because its band gap displays remarkable resilience against thermal expansion, while the topological order of WS2 can be tuned under the combined influence of strain and temperature. Both materials represent novel examples of temperature-promoted topological insulators.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Relation between higher-dimensional gauge theories and gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions
Authors: Hirose Takuya , Shibuya Hiroto
Published: April 2024

In this work we investigate the relation between higher-dimensional gauge theories and stochastic gravitational wave (GW) spectrums caused by their potential. It is known that the higher-dimensional gauge theories can induce the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the gauge symmetry. If the spontaneous symmetry breaking induces the first-order phase transition, the stochastic GW can be observed in future interferometers. Through our numerical calculations, we reveal that distinctive parameters in the theories, like the compact scale, can change the GW spectrums dynamically. We also discuss the verifiability of the theories through the GW observations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Bounds on EFT’s in an expanding universe
Authors: Carrillo González Mariana
Published: April 2024

We find bounds on the Wilson coefficients of effective field theories (EFTs) living in a universe undergoing expansion by requiring that its modes do not propagate further than a minimally coupled photon by a resolvable amount. To do so, we compute the spatial shift suffered by the EFT modes at a fixed time slice within the WKB approximation and the regime of validity of the EFT. We analyze the bounds arising on shift-symmetric scalars and curved space generalizations of Galileons.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Role of tumbling in bacterial scattering at convex obstacles
Authors: Jakuszeit Theresa , Croze Ottavio A.
Published: April 2024

Active propulsion, as performed by bacteria and Janus particles, in combination with hydrodynamic interaction results in the accumulation of bacteria at a flat wall. However, in microfluidic devices with cylindrical pillars of sufficiently small radius, self-propelled particles can slide along and scatter off the surface of a pillar, without becoming trapped over long times. This nonequilibrium scattering process has been predicted to result in large diffusivities, even at high obstacle density, unlike particles that undergo classical specular reflection. Here, we test this prediction by experimentally studying the nonequilibrium scattering of pusherlike swimmers in microfluidic obstacle lattices. To explore the role of tumbles in the scattering process, we microscopically tracked wild-type (run and tumble) and smooth-swimming (run only) mutants of the bacterium scattering off microfluidic pillars. We quantified key scattering parameters and related them to previously proposed models that included a prediction for the diffusivity, discussing their relevance. Finally, we discuss potential interpretations of the role of tumbles in the scattering process and connect our work to the broader study of swimmers in porous media.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Anchoring-mediated stick-slip winding of cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Zheng Weichao
Published: April 2024

The stick-slip phenomenon widely exists in contact mechanics, from the macroscale to the nanoscale. During cholesteric-nematic unwinding by external fields, there is controversy regarding the role of planar surface anchoring, which may induce discontinuous stick-slip behaviors despite the well-known continuous transitions observed in past experiments. Here we observe three regimes, namely, constrained, stick-slip, and sliding-slip, under mechanical winding with different anchoring conditions, and measure the corresponding forces by the surface force balance. These behaviors result from a balance of cholesteric elastic torque and surface torque, reminiscent of the slip morphology on frictional substrates [T. G. Sano , ], and provide evidence of dynamics in static rotational friction.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Beyond normalized gain: Improved comparison of physics educational outcomes
Authors: Christman Elaine , Miller Paul , Stewart John
Published: April 2024

This study proposes methods of reporting results of physics conceptual evaluations that more fully characterize the range of outcomes experienced by students with differing levels of prior preparation, allowing for more meaningful comparison of the outcomes of educational interventions within and across institutions. Factors leading to variation in post-test scores on the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE) across different instructors, semesters, and course models in a sample collected in introductory calculus-based mechanics at a large, eastern land-grant university were examined. The sample was collected over nine years and contains a total of N=4409 matched pretest and post-test records. The data showed a systematic semester-by-semester variation in both pretest scores and ACT or SAT mathematics percentile scores. Neither the normalized gain nor Cohen’s d removed the semester-to-semester variation observed in post-test scores. The local average curve plotting post-test scores against pretest scores, which we call a conceptual growth curve, allowed for the characterization of outcomes for students with different pretest scores. Regression models were used to produce an approximation to this curve. By using either the full curve or a mathematical approximation developed through linear regression, the post-test score that would be observed if a class enrolled students with a given level of prior preparation measured by pretest scores can be predicted. This predicted post-test score can then be used to calculate the predicted normalized gain if desired. These methods rely on using the natural variation of incoming student preparation at one institution to predict how a class would perform if it enrolled students with different prior preparation. The study presents an example of converting the outcomes at an institution with a weakly prepared student population to the outcomes which would have been observed if the course enrolled a more prepared student population; converting the outcomes for a different student population dramatically changed the interpretation of how the class studied was functioning.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
From virtual to reality: A practical route to design new materials
Authors: Arapan S. , Nieves P. , Šebesta J. , Dzubinska A. , Reiffers M. , Fabián M. , Arun K. , Legut D.
Published: April 2024

Modern computational techniques that use a combination of electronic structure calculations, adaptive genetic algorithms, and machine learning data analysis have been recently predicting many new unknown structures that may exhibit desired physical properties. Yet, most of these theoretically discovered structures belong to the realm of virtual phase space, and the great challenge to experimentally observe them still remains. Based on the example of the C36 Laves phase in a Co-Fe-Ta system, we demonstrate a practical route to design and produce a material with desired properties.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Optimal superpositions for particle detection via quantum phase
Authors: Kilian Eva , Toroš Marko , Barker P. F. , Bose Sougato
Published: April 2024

Exploiting quantum mechanics for sensing offers unprecedented possibilities. State-of-the-art proposals for novel quantum sensors often rely on the creation of large superpositions and generally detect a field. However, what is the optimal superposition size for detecting an incident particle from a specific direction? This question is nontrivial as, in general, this incident particle will scatter off with varied momenta, imparting varied recoils to the sensor, resulting in decoherence rather than a well-defined measurable phase. By considering scattering interactions of directional particulate environments with a system in a quantum superposition, we find that there is an optimal superposition size for measuring particles via a relative phase. As a consequence of the anisotropy of the environment, we observe a feature in the limiting behavior of the real and imaginary parts of the system's density matrix, linking the optimality of the superposition size to the wavelength of the scatterer.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Rectification and nonlinear Hall effect by fluctuating finite-momentum Cooper pairs
Authors: Daido Akito , Yanase Youichi
Published: April 2024

Nonreciprocal charge transport is attracting much attention as a novel probe and functionality of noncentrosymmetric superconductors. In this work we show that both the longitudinal and the transverse nonlinear paraconductivity are hugely enhanced in helical superconductors under moderate and high magnetic fields, which can be observed by second-harmonic resistance measurements. The discussion is based on the generalized formulation of nonlinear paraconductivity in combination with the microscopically determined Ginzburg-Landau coefficients. The enhanced nonreciprocal transport would be observable even with the cyclotron motion of fluctuating Cooper pairs, which is elucidated with a Kubo-type formula of the nonlinear paraconductivity. Nonreciprocal charge transport in the fluctuation regime is thereby established as a promising probe of helical superconductivity regardless of the sample dimensionality. Implications for the other finite-momentum superconducting states are briefly discussed.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Mediating effects of relationship marketing orientation and service quality orientation on policyholder retention in non-life insurance services
Authors: Yu Tsu-Wei
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study explores the mediating effects of relationship marketing orientation (RMO) and service quality orientation (SQO) on market orientation, selling orientation, and policyholder retention in non-life insurance services. Additionally, it offers important recommendations for non-life insurers in Taiwan for policy development and improving policyholder retention.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from a sample of policyholders belonging to the top five non-life insurance companies in Taiwan. The data were then analyzed with structural equation modeling.

Findings

RMO and SQO mediate the effects of the salesperson’s market orientation on policyholder retention. Thus, RMO and SQO are key factors influencing policyholder retention. Consequently, high levels of market orientation should be maintained to increase RMO and SQO, strengthening the retention rate of non-life insurance policyholders.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of this study is its cross-sectional nature. In the future, researchers should collect data from other countries and service industries (e.g. banks, securities, and other financial institutions), expand to different insurance contexts (e.g. life insurance), and conduct longitudinal studies or experimental research.

Practical implications

The results of this study can act as a guide for providers of non-life insurance services. Based on the research results, we recommend decision-makers pay increased attention to increasing policyholder retention rates by strengthening their firm’s RMO and SQO.

Originality/value

Few studies have investigated the relationships among market orientation, selling orientation, RMO, SQO, and policyholder retention in non-life insurance services within Asian contexts in general and specifically in Taiwan. Thus, this study’s theoretical contributions, managerial implications (especially for decision-makers), and the proposed future research directions represent timely and valuable additions to the literature.
Marketing capability, technology capability and complementor performance: the mediating role of platform network centrality
Authors: Yan Enhui , Wu Jianlin , Gu Jibao
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how complementors’ marketing capability and technology capability affect their performance. Drawing on social capital theory, the authors examine platform network centrality as a mediator and platform reputation as a moderator of the relationships between these two capabilities and complementor performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collects data by questionnaire from 154 Chinese firms adopting e-commerce platforms. Hierarchical multiple regression is used to test the hypotheses of this study.

Findings

This study finds that complementors’ marketing capability and technology capability positively affect performance by increasing their platform network centrality. Moreover, platform reputation positively moderates the relationship between platform network centrality and complementor performance, and it strengthens the mediating role of platform network centrality.

Originality/value

This paper emphasizes the critical role of marketing capability and technology capability on complementor performance. It explores the improvement path of complementor performance from the perspective of network position, which is a key element for complementors to effectively leverage their capabilities to build competitive advantage.
The Industry 5.0 (I50) paradigm, blockchain-based applications and the smart city
Authors: Visvizi Anna , Malik Radosław , Guazzo Gianluca Maria , Çekani Vilma
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Against the background of the I50 paradigm, this paper queries in what ways blockchain and blockchain-based applications deployed in the smart city context facilitate the integration of the I50 paradigm in smart urban contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed methods approach is applied. First, by means of desk research and thematic literature review, a conceptual model integrating the I50 paradigm, smart city and blockchain-based solutions is built. Second, science mapping bibliometric analysis (SciMat) based on keywords’ co-occurrence is applied to a sample of 491 research articles to identify key domains of blockchain-based applications’ use in smart city. Third, a semi-systematic literature review complements insights gained through SciMat. Fourth, the findings are interpreted through the precepts of the conceptual model devised earlier.

Findings

The key blockchain-based applications in smart cities pertain to two domains, i.e. the foundational, service facilitation-oriented domain, including security (and safety), networks, computing, resource management and the service delivery-oriented domain, including mobility, energy and healthcare. Blockchain serves as the key building block for applications developed to deliver functions specific to each of the thus identified domains. A substantial layering of blockchain-based tools and applications is necessary to advance from the less to the more complex functional domains of the smart city.

Originality/value

At the conceptual level, the intricacies of the (making of the) I50 paradigm are discussed and a case for I50 – smart city – blockchain nexus is made. Easton’s input–output model as well as constructivism is referenced. At the empirical level, the key major domains of blockchain-based applications are discussed; those that bear the prospect of integrating the I50 paradigm in the smart city are highlighted. At the methodological level, a strategic move is made aimed at restoring the literature review’s role as subservient to the key line of exploration, to justify and ultimately support it, rather than to showcase the literature review as the ultimate purpose for itself.
Exploring the factors shaping business students’ environmental concern
Authors: Borusiak Barbara , Pieranski Bartlomiej , Gaweł Aleksandra , López Lluch David B , Kis Krisztián , Nagy Sándor , Gal Jozsef , Mravcová Anna , Gálová Jana , Knezevic Blazenka , Kotyza Pavel , Smutka Lubos , Malec Karel
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Increasing the need for education for sustainable development in universities requires an understanding of the predictors of students’ environmental concern (EC). In this paper, the authors focus on the EC of business students because of their future responsibility for business operations regarding the exploitation of natural resources. The aim of the study is to examine the predictors of business students’ environmental concern.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the Norm Activation Model as the theoretical framework, this study hypothesizes the model of EC with two main predictors: ascription of responsibility for the environment (AOR), driven by locus of control and self-efficacy (LC/SE), and awareness of positive consequences of consumption reduction on the environment (AOC), driven by perceived environmental knowledge. Structural equation modelling was applied to confirm the conceptual model based on the responses of business students from six countries (Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Spain) collected through an online survey.

Findings

The environmental concern of business students is predicted both by the ascription of responsibility and by awareness of consequences; however, the ascription of responsibility is a stronger predictor of EC. A strong impact was found for internal locus of control and self-efficacy on AOR, as well as a weaker influence of perceived environmental knowledge on AOC.

Originality/value

Sustainability education dedicated to business students should provide environmental knowledge and strengthen their internal locus of control and self-efficacy in an environmental context.
LIDAR-based SLAM system for autonomous vehicles in degraded point cloud scenarios: dynamic obstacle removal
Authors: Ma Qihua , Li Qilin , Wang Wenchao , Zhu Meng
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to achieve superior localization and mapping performance in point cloud degradation scenarios through the effective removal of dynamic obstacles. With the continuous development of various technologies for autonomous vehicles, the LIDAR-based Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system is becoming increasingly important. However, in SLAM systems, effectively addressing the challenges of point cloud degradation scenarios is essential for accurate localization and mapping, with dynamic obstacle removal being a key component.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a method that combines adaptive feature extraction and loop closure detection algorithms to address this challenge. In the SLAM system, the ground point cloud and non-ground point cloud are separated to reduce the impact of noise. And based on the cylindrical projection image of the point cloud, the intensity features are adaptively extracted, the degradation direction is determined by the degradation factor and the intensity features are matched with the map to correct the degraded pose. Moreover, through the difference in raster distribution of the point clouds before and after two frames in the loop process, the dynamic point clouds are identified and removed, and the map is updated.

Findings

Experimental results show that the method has good performance. The absolute displacement accuracy of the laser odometer is improved by 27.1%, the relative displacement accuracy is improved by 33.5% and the relative angle accuracy is improved by 23.8% after using the adaptive intensity feature extraction method. The position error is reduced by 30% after removing the dynamic target.

Originality/value

Compared with LiDAR odometry and mapping algorithm, the method has greater robustness and accuracy in mapping and localization.
Older patients’ experiences of person-centred integrated care: joint replacement surgery as a case
Authors: Seittu Henriikka Anne-Mari , Hujala Anneli , Kaarakainen Minna
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Integrated care (IC) is mainly studied from the perspectives of organisations or employees. However, less research is focussed on how patients themselves experience person-centred (PC) IC in practice. This context-specific, small-scale study examines what PC-IC means to older patients who went through joint replacement surgery (JRS).

Design/methodology/approach

The data consists of ten in-depth interviews of older patients, focussing on their experiences of care during their patient journey related to joint knee or hip replacement surgery. The data were analysed with thematic analysis.

Findings

Three central dimensions of PC-IC for older patients were identified: information sharing, continuity of care and compassionate encountering. Human validation and compassionate encountering were experienced as important aspects of PC-IC. Compassionate encountering was concretised through professionals’ very small everyday practices, which made the patient feel comfortable and respected. Instead, probably due to the medical and quite straight-forward nature of the joint replacement care process, patients seem to be pleased to trust the expertise of professionals and did not necessarily expect an active role or participation in the decision-making.

Originality/value

This Finnish case study focusses on the patients’ authentic perceptions of what is central to person-centred IC in the specific context of JRS.
The mediating effects of perceived brand integrity on brand ethical behavior and corporate brand legitimacy in halal cosmetics
Authors: Amani David
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of brand ethical behavior, specifically perceived brand ethicality, on corporate brand legitimacy in the context of halal cosmetics, by considering perceived brand integrity as a mediating factor.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a quantitative cross-sectional research design to gather data from 341 fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in Tanzania. The data was analyzed by using AMOS 21, using structural equation modeling techniques.

Findings

The findings indicated that perceived brand ethicality has a significant influence on corporate brand legitimacy through the mediation of perceived brand integrity.

Practical implications

The study emphasizes the significance of incorporating and clarifying Islamic laws as integral components of marketing strategies aimed at attracting conscientious customers of halal products. It recommends defining Islamic laws as societal values and norms and integrating them into various brand practices to showcase professionalism, ultimately fostering social acceptance and approval. The study presents valuable practical implications for managers and marketers of FMCG, assisting them in formulating policies and strategies that reflect societal values and norms.

Originality/value

This study represents a novel endeavor that explores the interplay between perceived brand ethicality, corporate brand legitimacy and perceived brand integrity in the context of halal products. It extends theoretical understanding by shedding light on the significance of Islamic laws as a foundation for establishing a competitive advantage. By offering and designing ethical practices, businesses can enhance their legitimacy among halal consumers, particularly in the domain of halal cosmetics.
Delegation and salary information disclosure strategies of customer acquisition and retention
Authors: Wang Weiting , Liao Yi , Li Jiacan
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study to improve the efficiency of customer acquisition and retention through the design of salary information disclosure mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach

This study develops a stylized game-theoretic model of delegating customer acquisition and retention, focusing on how firms choose delegation and wage information disclosure strategy.

Findings

The results confirm the necessity for enterprises to disclose salary information. When sales agents are risk neutral, firms should choose multi-agent (MA) delegation and disclose their wages. However, when agents are risk averse, firms may disclose the wages of acquisition agents or both agents in MA delegation, depending on the uncertainty of the retention market.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature on delegation of customer acquisition and retention and demonstrates that salary disclosure can be used as a supplement to the incentive mechanism.
Virtual reality-based online learning system adoption: a research framework and empirical study
Authors: Wang Yi-Ting , Lin Kuan-Yu
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Virtual reality (VR) offers unprecedented immersion and interactivity in education, and working and learning from home have become the norm during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study empirically investigated the factors affecting the use of a VR online learning system (VROLS).

Design/methodology/approach

To explore factors affecting users’ continuance behavioral intentions toward using VROLSs, a research framework was formed comprising factors that constitute benefits (i.e. pull factors) and costs (i.e. push factors); these factors included perceived value, flow and social influence. The data for this study were collected via online survey questionnaires. A total of 307 valid responses were used to examine the hypotheses in the research model, employing structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques.

Findings

Perceived value, flow experience and the number of peers using VR primarily affect the decision to adopt a VROLS. The pull factors of spatial presence, entertainment and service compatibility, along with the push factors of complexity and visual fatigue, affect perceived value. Therefore, we conclude that perceived value is a primary factor positively influencing both flow experience and the decision to adopt the service.

Originality/value

This study contributes to a theoretical understanding of factors that explain users’ intention to use VROLSs.
Postbiotic properties of exopolysaccharide produced by Levilactobacillus brevis M‐10 isolated from natural fermented sour porridge through in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Pengfan , Peng Jiawei , Zhao Bin , Cai Jin
Published: April 2024

The simulated digestion and fermentation characteristics in vitro of exopolysaccharide (EPS) of Levilactobacillus brevis M‐10 were studied to evaluate its postbiotic properties. The simulated digestion results showed that EPS could not be degraded in saliva but could be very slightly degraded in gastric juice and could be degraded in intestinal juice. The results of simulated fermentation demonstrated that EPS could lower the intestine pH and be utilized by gut microbes to produce short‐chain fatty acids such as propionic acid and butyric acid. Meanwhile, EPS significantly raised the diversity of human gut microbiota, and the relative abundances of Phascolarctobacterium were significantly increased, whereas Fusobacterium and Morganella significantly decreased. In conclusion, EPS from L. brevis M‐10 was a good postbiotic as inulin. This was the first report about EPS as the postbiotic of L. brevis M‐10 screened from broomcorn millet sour porridge in northwestern Shanxi Province, China.
Knockout of phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein4 (PEBP4) promotes chronic non‐bacterial prostatitis by mediating the activation of NF‐κB signaling
Authors: He Hailan , Xiao Guancheng , Hu Xing , Luo Hui , Liao Yunfeng , Qian Biao , Zhang Guoxi , Zou Xiaofeng , Zou Junrong
Published: April 2024

Background

The etiology of chronic prostatitis remains unclear; consequently, this disease is associated with recurrence and ineffective clinical therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the underlying pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis in order to develop more efficacious treatments.

Objective

The previous study found that knocking out of PEBP4 leads to chronic prostatitis in the male mice. This research aimed to identify the role of PEBP4 in prostatitis, determine the molecular pathogenic mechanisms associated with chronic prostatitis, and provide guidelines for the development of new treatment strategies for chronic prostatitis.

Materials and methods

A PEBP4 exon knockout strain (PEBP4−/−) was established in C57BL/6 mice via the Cre‐loxP system. Hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) staining was used to investigate histological changes. RNA‐sequencing was used to investigate the gene expression signature of the prostate and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The expression of PEBP4 protein in prostate tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry in specimens from patients with BPH and BPH combined with chronic prostatitis. Finally, we used a CRISPR‐Cas9 plasmid to knockout PEBP4 in RWPE‐1 cells; western blotting was subsequently used to measure the level of activation in the NF‐κB signaling pathway after activating with TNF‐α.

Results

Hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration were incidentally observed in the seminal vesicles and prostate glands of PEBP4−/− mice after being fed with a normal diet for 1 year. In addition, we found significantly lower (p < 0.001) expression levels of PEBP4 protein in prostate tissues from patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic and non‐bacterial prostatitis (CNP) when compared to those with BPH only. The reduced expression of PEBP4 led to a higher risk of prostatitis recurrence in patients after 2 years of follow‐up. Increased levels of NF‐κB and IκB phosphorylation were observed in PEBP4‐knockout RWPE‐1 cells and prostate glands from PEBP4−/− mice.

Conclusion

The knockout of PEBP4 in experimental mice led to chronic prostatitis and the reduced expression of PEBP4 in patients with higher risk of chronic and non‐bacterial prostatitis suggested that PEBP4 might act as a protective factor against chronic prostatitis. The knockout of PEBP4 in RWPE‐1 cells led to the increased activation of NF‐κB and IκB, thus indicating that inhibition of PEBP4 faciliated the NF‐κB signaling cascade. Our findings provide a new etiology and therapeutic target for chronic prostatitis.
Therapeutic potential of exosomes in spermatogenesis regulation and male infertility
Authors: Mohammadi Amirhossein , Shabani Ronak , Bashiri Zahra , Rafiei Sara , Asgari Hamidreza , Koruji Morteza
Published: April 2024

Background

Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process crucial for male reproductive health and fertility. Exosomes, small membranous vesicles released by various cell types, have recently garnered attention for their role in intercellular communication.

Objective

This review aims to comprehensively explore the role of exosomes in regulating spermatogenesis, focusing on their involvement in testicular development and cell‐to‐cell communication.

Methods

A systematic examination of literature was conducted to gather relevant studies elucidating the biogenesis, composition, and functions of exosomes in the context of spermatogenesis.

Results

Exosomes play a pivotal role in orchestrating the complex signaling networks required for proper spermatogenesis. They facilitate the transfer of key regulatory molecules between different cell populations within the testes, including Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and germ cells.

Conclusion

The emerging understanding of exosome‐mediated communication sheds light on novel mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis regulation. Further research in this area holds promise for insights into male reproductive health and potential therapeutic interventions.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of oncological outcomes with transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
Authors: Neary Emma , Ibrahim Tarek , Verschoor Chris P. , Zhang Lisa , Patel Sunil V. , Chadi Sami A. , Caycedo‐Marulanda Antonio
Published: April 2024

Aim

Transanal total mesorectal (taTME) excision is a method used to assist in the radical removal of the rectum. By adopting the concept of natural orifice surgery, it offers potential benefits over conventional techniques. Early enthusiasm for this strategy led to its rapid and widespread adoption. The imposing of a local moratorium was precipitated by the discovery in Norway of an uncommon multifocal pattern of locoregional recurrence. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the incidence of local recurrence after taTME for rectal cancer.

Method

Conforming to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines checklist, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. This included case series and comparative studies between taTME and preferentially laparoscopic procedures published between 2010 and 2021.

Results

There were a total of 1175 studies retrieved. After removal and screening for quality and relevance, the final analysis contained 40 studies. The local recurrence rate following taTME was 3.4% (95% CI 2.9%–3.9%, I2 = 0%) in 4987 patients with follow‐up durations ranging from 0.7 to 5.5 years. Compared with laparoscopic TME, local recurrence was not statistically different for the taTME group (p = 0.076); however, it was less probable (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.24–1.09, I2 = 0%). Systemic recurrence and circumferential resection margin status were secondary outcomes; however, the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that the local recurrence for regular laparoscopic and transanal TME surgeries may be comparable, suggesting that taTME can be performed without influencing locoregional oncological outcomes in patients treated at specialized institutions and who have been cautiously selected.
Éléments de données communs pour l'arthrogrypose multiple congénitale: Un cadre international
Authors: Nematollahi Shahrzad , Dieterich Klaus , Filges Isabel , De Vries Johanna I. P. , Van Bosse Harold , Natera‐De Benito Daniel , Hall Judith G. , Sawatzky Bonita , Bedard Tanya , Sanchez Victoria Castillo , Navalon‐Martinez Carolina , Pan Tony , Hilton Coleman , Dahan‐Oliel Noémi
Published: April 2024

Objectif

Afin de faciliter les études multisites et la recherche clinique d'envergure internationale, cette étude a pour but d'identifier des éléments de données communs (EDCs) normalisés et fondés sur un consensus pour l'arthrogrypose multiple congénitale (AMC).

Méthode

Une étude à méthodes mixtes comprenant plusieurs groupes de discussion et trois séries d'enquêtes Delphi modifiées pour parvenir à un consensus ont été menées.

Résultats

Dans l'ensemble, 45 experts cliniques ainsi qu'adultes ayant une expérience vécue (dont 12 membres d'un consortium d'AMC) ont participé à cette étude à travers 11 pays en Amérique du Nord, Europe et Australie. Les EDCs comprennent 321 éléments de données et 19 mesures standardisées dans divers domaines, du développement du fœtus à l'âge adulte. Les éléments de données relatifs aux traits phénotypiques de l'AMC ont été cartographiés conformément à l'ontologie du phénotype humain (HPO). Une structure de gouvernance universelle, des protocoles de fonctionnement et des plans de développement durable ont été identifiés comme les principaux facilitateurs considérant que la capacité limitée de partage des données et la nécessité d'une infrastructure informatique fédérée étaient les principaux obstacles.

Interprétation

Une collecte de données systématiques sur l'AMC à l'aide d'EDCs permettra d'étudier sur les voies étiologiques, décrire le profil épidémiologique, et établir des corrélations génotype‐phénotype de manière standardisée. Les EDCs proposés faciliteront les collaborations internationales multidisciplinaires en améliorant à grande échelle les études multicentriques, les possibilités de partage des données, ainsi que le transfert et la diffusion des connaissances.
Dine‐in or take‐away? Scavenging strategies in predaceous diving beetles at different water depths
Authors: Wang Leyun , Feng Shiqian , Zhao Zihua
Published: April 2024

Predaceous diving beetle adults scavenge for carrion in freshwater habitats. We identified two scavenging strategies used by adult Dytiscus sinensis Feng (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) to locate and consume food at the bottom of water when needing to surface for air store renewal: dine‐in then relocate the food (dine‐in strategy) and carry the food to the surface (take‐away strategy). In 5‐cm‐deep water, a higher proportion of individuals successfully located food within an 8‐min test window than in 25‐cm‐deep water. Their latencies to locating food did not differ among depths. Dytiscus sinensis adults preferred the take‐away strategy in 5‐cm‐deep water and a higher proportion of them adopted the dine‐in strategy in 25‐cm‐deep water. Further, a 10‐cm‐deep test showed that the success rate or efficiency of relocating food did not increase with the experience of locating it the first time. This might explain why D. sinensis preferred the take‐away strategy in shallower water, in which it had lower risks of losing the food. The present study revealed a direct bottom‐up benefit for dytiscids foraging in shallower water where finding and securing food were easier. Our findings demonstrate that the surfacing requirement of dytiscid adults was reflected in foraging strategies with depth‐dependent preferences.
Perception and usage of English epicene pronouns among L2 teachers in China‐focusing on he, he or she and they
Authors: Zhang Xiufeng , Yang Hengwen
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to explore the perception and usage of epicene pronouns in English among Chinese EFL teachers, as gender fair language becomes increasingly important for promoting inclusion, respect for identity and expression. This study employed a survey of 284 EFL teachers along with a follow‐up written task to assess their views and actual use of epicene pronouns. The results indicate that while English teachers in China are familiar with the increase of they as an epicene pronoun, the use of he or she is their preferred choice in the survey, with generic he being more common in the written task. The study further reveals that the selection of the epicene pronoun is influenced by factors such as the antecedent type, social gender and the teachers' socio‐cultural background. Promoting gender‐fair language in L2 English teaching in China is crucial. Efforts are needed to increase awareness and usage of gender‐neutral language among Chinese English teachers, emphasizing the importance of incorporating actual language use and adapting to grammatical changes.
Feasibility of Using Survey Data and Semi‐variogram Kriging to Obtain Bespoke Indices of Neighborhood Characteristics: A Simulation and a Case Study
Authors: Finne Emily , Sauzet Odile
Published: April 2024

Data on neighborhood characteristics are not typically collected in epidemiological studies. They are however useful, for example, in the study of small‐area health inequalities and may be available in social surveys. We propose to use kriging based on semi‐variogram models to predict values at nonobserved locations with the aim of obtaining indicators of neighborhood characteristics of epidemiological study participants. The spatial data available for kriging is usually sparse at small distance and therefore we perform a simulation study to assess the feasibility and usability of the method as well as a case study using data from the RECORD study. Apart from having enough observed data at small distances to the non‐observed locations, a good fitting semi‐variogram, a larger range and the absence of nugget effects for the semi‐variogram models are factors leading to a higher reliability. Recommendations on the required number of observations within the neighborhood range are given.
Exploring the lived experience of receiving mental health crisis care at emergency departments, crisis phone lines and crisis care alternatives
Authors: Roennfeldt Helena , Hill Nicole , Byrne Louise , Hamilton Bridget
Published: April 2024

Background

Mental health crisis care includes emergency departments (EDs), crisis phone lines and crisis alternatives. Currently, there is an overreliance on EDs to provide mental health crisis care, with evidence that responses are often inadequate to meet the needs of people experiencing mental health crises. However, the complexities of how individuals experience crisis care across the varying contexts of EDs, crisis phone lines and crisis alternatives remain underresearched.

Method

This study used a hermeneutical phenomenological approach to understand the lived experience of accessing care during a mental health crisis. Thirty‐one Australian adults who had accessed crisis services at ED, phone lines and/or crisis alternatives participated in in‐depth interviews.

Results

The findings are organised across the temporal narratives of participants' experiences from (1) point of contact, (2) positive and negative care experiences and (3) enduring impacts. Several themes were generated during these phases. The findings demonstrate the interrelated nature of care experiences and enduring impacts. With some exceptions, care received within EDs was harmful, resulting in lasting adverse effects. Responses from crisis phone lines were mixed, with participants appreciating the accessibility of after‐hour phone support but finding standardised risk assessments unhelpful. Responses from crisis alternatives to ED were promising, aligning with the need for validation and human connection, but were not always accessible or easy to mobilise during a crisis. Notably, across all settings, positive effects were firmly attributed to the quality of the relationship with specific crisis providers.

Conclusion

The findings bring into sharp focus the lived experience of people accessing crisis care and contribute to the shortage of literature on subjective experiences. Providers may better meet the needs of those experiencing mental health crises by understanding the enduring impact of these interactions and the role of human connection beyond a focus on risk assessment, thereby providing opportunities for a joint understanding of risk and meaning‐making. Furthermore, understanding the subjective experience of crisis care can guide reforms to ED and develop crisis alternatives to better meet the needs of people in crisis.

Patient or Consumer Contribution

The first author and the third author are in designated lived experience (Consumer) roles. The first author conducted the interviews and was explicit regarding their lived experience when engaging with participants. Service users were involved as advisors to the study and provided input into the design.
Transforming health science libraries around the globe: The impact of technology
Authors: Murphy Jeannette
Published: April 2024

This article presents an analysis of seven articles published within the International Perspectives and Initiatives regular feature series on the impact of technology on the provision of health information. The articles provide a road map of how technology is facilitating new and enhanced services for library users in seven countries: Australia, Bangladesh, China, England, Germany, Sweden and the United States. Although there are differences in how countries are implementing technological solutions, only one describes problems in leveraging technology to improve library services. Authors from the remaining six countries describe how they ensure that the 21st century library consults with its user groups and find way of using the latest applications.
Cross‐angled versus flat‐trim bristle tuft configurations in manual toothbrushes: A systematic review
Authors: Thomassen Tim M. J. A. , Van der Weijden Fridus A. , Sälzer Sonja , Slot Dagmar E.
Published: April 2024

Aim

This systematic review synthesizes and evaluates the literature regarding the effect of manual toothbrushes (MTBs) with cross‐angled bristle tufts (CA‐TB) compared to flat‐trim (FT‐TB) configurations on plaque scores and parameters of gingival health in adult patients.

Materials and Methods

PubMed‐MEDLINE and Cochrane‐CENTRAL databases were searched, from their insertion up to August 1st, 2023, to detect appropriate papers. Clinical trials involving adult patients without periodontitis who performed self‐brushing were eligible for inclusion. Primary outcome parameters included plaque, bleeding, and gingival scores. Secondary outcomes encompassed signs of soft and hard tissue abnormalities. A descriptive analysis was conducted. When feasible, a meta‐analysis was performed using either the ‘fixed’ or ‘random effects’ model, as appropriate.

Results

Nine eligible papers were retrieved, presenting 20 comparisons. There was considerable heterogeneity in the clinical and methodological design aspects of the included studies. In the descriptive analysis, eight out of 12 comparisons demonstrated a difference in plaque removal performance in favour of the CA‐TB. However, data regarding bleeding and gingival index scores were inconclusive. A meta‐analysis was performed on plaque, bleeding, and gingival index scores, including different indices used for scoring. The meta‐analysis of short‐term studies showed a medium effect statistically significant difference in the reduction of plaque scores in favour of the CA‐TB (SMD = 0.75; 95% CI (0.51; 0.99)), but this was not substantiated in longer‐term studies (SMD = −0.06; 95% CI(−0.44; 0.31)). No adverse events were described in any group.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the present study design, short‐term evaluations, as assessed with various plaque indices, show a weak certainty in favour of the cross‐angled toothbrush over the flat‐trim toothbrush. However, based on longer‐term evaluations, there is insufficient support due to the inconsistent outcomes of the analysis.
Inhibitory activity of luteolin on α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Xu Hai‐Xia , Xu Qiao‐Ting , Yin Zhong‐Ping , Chen Ji‐Guang , Zhang Qing‐Feng
Published: April 2024

Obesity is becoming a top global health problem. Inhibition of digestive enzymes is an effective approach in weight management due to the reduction of energy absorption. In this study, the inhibitory effects of luteolin on α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase were investigated in vitro and in vivo via enzyme kinetics, fluorescence quenching, molecular docking and rat experiments. The results showed that luteolin inhibited α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase in a mixed‐type and uncompetitive manner with IC50 values of 29.31 and 42.74 μg mL−1 respectively. The binding of luteolin with the two enzymes caused the quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of protein. Molecular docking simulation revealed that luteolin could be located in the active pocket of α‐glucosidase and interact with the key amino acid residues. Moreover, a hydrophobic interaction and a van der Waals force were formed between luteolin and the key amino acid residues of pancreatic lipase (His264 and Ser153). In vivo studies further confirmed that luteolin could significantly decrease the absorption of glucose and triacylglyceride in rats by inhibiting α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase.