bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of Tricuspid Regurgitation Severity in Patients Undergoing Mitral Transcatheter Edge‐to‐Edge Repair
Authors: Shechter Alon , Taheri Homa , Nagasaka Takashi , Gupta Aakriti , Kaewkes Danon , Patel Vivek , Suruga Kazuki , Dhillon Manvir , Koseki Keita , Koren Ofir , Makar Moody , Skaf Sabah , Patel Dhairya , Chakravarty Tarun , Siegel Robert J. , Makkar Raj R.
Published: November 2024

Background

Prognostically meaningful tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is not well‐defined in the mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair arena. We aimed to explore the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of TR grades and postprocedural trends in this setting.

Methods and Results

A single‐center registry of isolated, first‐time interventions was retrospectively assessed for pre‐, intra‐, and postprocedural aspects up to 1 year, of them the primary composite outcome of all‐cause deaths or heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, all according to TR severity at baseline and at 1 month following mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair. Overall, 1287 individuals (60.3% men, age 78 [interquartile range, 69–85] years, 52.9% with functional mitral regurgitation) were included. Below‐moderate, moderate, and above‐moderate TR affected 48.4%, 29.5%, and 22.1% of patients, respectively. Increasing TR severity was accompanied by higher rates of functional, severe mitral regurgitation, greater comorbidity, and more advanced heart failure. Although not affecting technical and echocardiographic procedural success, moderate‐and‐above TR degrees were associated with higher incidence of mortality, heart failure admissions, and functional class III to IV postprocedure, with moderate‐to‐severe and greater TR independently conferring increased risk for the various outcomes (primary end point; HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.21–1.80];
P
=0.027). One‐month postprocedural TR severity directly correlated with, and was mostly similar to or worse than, its baseline counterpart. Rather than the change between the two, moderate‐and‐above grade at 1 month, observed in 37.1% of eligible cases, emerged as predictive of the primary outcome's risk.

Conclusions

Among patients undergoing mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair, above‐moderate TR at baseline and the closely related moderate‐and‐above TR at 1 month postprocedure are highly prevalent and signal a suboptimal course.
Dispersion of Activation in Single‐Beat Global Maps During Programmed Ventricular Stimulation Identifies Infarct‐Related Ventricular Tachycardia Isthmus Sites
Authors: Redondo‐Rodríguez Andrés , Ramos‐Prada Alba , Quintanilla Jorge G. , Calvo David , Sánchez‐González Javier , Enríquez‐Vázquez Daniel , Marina‐Breysse Manuel , Alfonso‐Almazán Jose Manuel , González‐Ferrer Juan José , Cañadas‐Godoy Victoria , Salgado‐Aranda Ricardo , Morillo Carlos A. , Pérez‐Villacastín Julián , Pérez‐Castellano Nicasio , Filgueiras‐Rama David
Published: November 2024

Background

Electrophysiological characterization of ventricular tachycardia (VT) isthmus sites is complex and time‐consuming. We aimed at developing and validating a global mapping strategy during programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) to reveal the underlying electrophysiological properties of the infarct‐related substrate and to enable identification of highly heterogeneous activation sites associated with protected VT isthmus sites.

Methods and Results

Experimental study that included 22 pigs with established myocardial infarction undergoing in vivo characterization of the anatomical and functional myocardial substrate associated with potential arrhythmogenicity. High‐density sequential activation maps during ventricular pacing and VT were compared with single‐beat maps using a 64‐pole basket catheter positioned in the left ventricle. Further analyses were performed using a novel local activation time‐dispersion score to identify regional activation time heterogeneities on both baseline drive pacing and each of the extrastimuli of the PVS protocol. Basket catheter splines covered a median of 81.2% of the endocardial surface of the left ventricle. Basket‐catheter‐derived single‐beat activation maps (N=16) during pacing showed a linear relationship with high‐density sequential activation maps. Induction of ventricular arrhythmias was associated with higher local activation time‐dispersion score values on single‐beat global maps during PVS (N=6, 46 arrhythmia induction attempts). Single‐beat‐derived local activation time‐dispersion score maps during successive coupled extrastimuli of the PVS showed a progressive increase in the predictive performance to identify monomorphic VT isthmus sites within the scar region (area under the curve = 0.779 in S2, area under the curve = 0.859 in S4; N=7).

Conclusions

Sixty‐four‐pole‐derived single‐beat local activation time‐dispersion score global maps during PVS identify infarct‐related endocardial regions with highly heterogeneous activation times that are associated with protected VT isthmus sites.
Food Ethics and Laudato Sí
Authors: Eaton Matthew
Published: November 2024

Pope Francis suggests a vegetarian ethos as a potential response to overcoming anthropogenic climate change. While his motivation is the promotion of ecological health for the sake of human flourishing, this article argues that there is room in Francis’ thought for a more expansive vegetarianism that extends its concern beyond humanity to the intrinsic value of Earth and its creatures. Through an analysis of Catholic ecotheology and philosophies of value, this article suggests a pluralistic axiological approach to Catholic vegetarianism, emphasizing the theocentric, anthropocentric, ecocentric, and biocentric value of this concrete initiative aimed at ensuring both divine and creaturely flourishing.
“In a Time of Uncertainty, there Can Be No Conversion without Polemics”
Authors: de Jong Marinus
Published: November 2024

Are polemics a useful part of theological discourse? This article argues that it is and explores the conditions and theological rationale for polemics. These are explored by means of a case study of the Dutch second-generation neo-Calvinist theologian Klaas Schilder (1890–1952). Schilder, a prolific and polemical writer, shows how theological polemics are embedded in the doctrine of God’s immanence, the church, the covenant, and the use of human reason. Schilder’s view on tension as a key motif in the Christian life further informs his argument for a polemical theology.
Doing Responsible Journalism
Authors: Semahagne Kumlachew Sileshie
Published: November 2024

The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church (EOTC) represents almost half of Ethiopia’s population and is the largest Orthodox group in the world, outside Europe. It has recently faced tensions. This survey of Ethiopian journalists’ (N = 221) understanding of the church’s situation and media coverage shows that while its societal role and relationship with ethnic and other religious groups is viewed positively by most, recent attacks have put it in a position of existential threat. The main reason for this is seen to be ethnic divisions instigated by religiously motivated, systemic government intervention. Instead of bringing this to light in accordance with professional journalistic standards, the mainstream media keep the issues in the dark. While self-censorship, editorial decisions and inaccessibility of religious leaders are factors in this neglect, state interference is seen as most prominent. Social media sites and EOTC-related media were found to cover the issues adequately.
EXPRESS: Cardio with Mr. Treadmill: How Anthropomorphizing the Means of Goal Pursuit Increases Motivation
Authors: Wang Lili , Touré-Tillery Maferima
Published: November 2024

This article examines the motivational consequences of anthropomorphizing the means of goal pursuit. Eight studies show that consumers are more motivated to pursue fitness and academic goals with anthropomorphized (vs. non-anthropomorphized) means because such means elicit a greater sense of companionship and thus stronger beliefs that (a) goal pursuit is enjoyable (perceived enjoyability) and that (b) the goal is attainable (goal expectancy). We first find that participants work out harder when using an anthropomorphized (vs. non-anthropomorphized) treadmill (Study 1) and jump rope (Study 2). We then show that this effect occurs due to a greater sense of companionship, which in turn increases both perceived enjoyability and goal expectancy (sequential mediations; Study 3). We further demonstrate these underlying mechanisms through moderation: the effect attenuates when a human companion is present (Study 4), for means perceived as inherently fun (Study 5), and when self-efficacy is high (Study 6). Study 7 identifies a boundary condition: the effect disappears when the means takes on a supervisor (rather than partner) role. Finally, Study 8 shows the downstream consequence of the effect on subsequent choice of means. These findings contribute to research on motivation and anthropomorphism, with practical implications for marketers and consumers.
Creating a data warehouse to support monitoring of NSQHS blood management standard from EMR data
Authors: Cheng-Zarate David , Burns James , Ngo Cathy , Haryanto Agnes , Duncan Gregory , Taniar David , Wybrow Michael
Published: November 2024

Background

Blood management is an important aspect of healthcare and vital for the well-being of patients. For effective blood management, it is essential to determine the quality and documentation of the processes for blood transfusions in the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system. The EMR system stores information on most activities performed in a digital hospital. As such, it is difficult to get an overview of all data. The National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards define metrics that assess the care quality of health entities such as hospitals. To produce these metrics, data needs to be analysed historically. However, data in the EMR is not designed to easily perform analytical queries of the kind which are needed to feed into clinical decision support tools. Thus, another system needs to be implemented to store and calculate the metrics for the blood management national standard.

Methods

In this paper, we propose a clinical data warehouse that stores the transformed data from EMR to be able to identify that the hospital is compliant with the Australian NSQHS Standards for blood management. Firstly, the data needed was explored and evaluated. Next, a schema for the clinical data warehouse was designed for the efficient storage of EMR data. Once the schema was defined, data was extracted from the EMR to be preprocessed to fit the schema design. Finally, the data warehouse allows the data to be consumed by decision support tools.

Results

We worked with Eastern Health, a major Australian health service, to implement the data warehouse that allowed us to easily query and supply data to be ingested by clinical decision support systems. Additionally, this implementation provides flexibility to recompute the metrics whenever data is updated. Finally, a dashboard was implemented to display important metrics defined by the National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards on blood management.

Conclusions

This study prioritises streamlined data modeling and processing, in contrast to conventional dashboard-centric approaches. It ensures data readiness for decision-making tools, offering insights to clinicians and validating hospital compliance with national standards in blood management through efficient design.
Influence of implantation of O2+ ions on the composition and electronic structure of the W(111) surface
Authors: Isakhanov Z. A. , Umirzakov B. E. , Nabiev D. Kh. , Imanova G. T. , Bekpulatov I. R. , Khudaykulov F. Ya. , Iskhakova S. S. , Abdiyev Kh. E.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, using high-dose implantation of O2+ ions, nano-sized WO3 films were obtained on the surface and at various depths of W(111) for the first time. It has been confirmed that when O2+ ions are implanted into W at room temperature with low energy, partial formation of oxides such as WO, WO2, WO3 and WO4 occurs. It has been proved that in order to obtain a homogeneous and good stoichiometry of W oxide, it is necessary to carry out oxidation at a certain temperature. The optimal modes for obtaining hidden oxide layers in the near-surface region of tungsten, the substrate temperature W, the energy and dose of O2+ ions were determined. The concentration profiles of distributed O atoms in depth were studied for the three-layer W-WO3-W(111) system. Using scanning electron microscopy, the formation depths and thicknesses of WO3 layers were determined. The WO3 films were polycrystalline. The resulting films have potential for creating thin-film OLED displays, as well as nanofilm MOS transistors.
Personalized Medicine in Histiocytic Disorders: Novel Targets in Patients Without MAPK Alterations
Authors: Smith Katherine E.R. , Acosta-Medina Aldo A. , Dasari Surendra , Ranatunga Wasantha , Rech Karen L. , Ravindran Aishwarya , Young Jason R. , McGarrah Patrick W. , Ruan Gordon J. , Zanwar Saurabh S. , Li Jenny J. , Sartori-Valinotti Julio C. , Snider Jessica N. , Witzig Thomas E. , Goyal Gaurav , Go Ronald S. , Abeykoon Jithma P.
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

BRAF and MEK inhibitors are standard treatments in histiocytic disorders, such as Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD). Some patients lack MAPK-pathway alterations, making these treatments less effective.

METHODS

We describe three patients with histiocytic disorders who have novel non-MAPK pathway alterations. These alterations were studied through genomic and in silico analyses when applicable, then treated with off-label medications rationally selected on the basis of genomic alterations.

RESULTS

Patient 1 had rapidly progressive ECD involving the CNS. A CSF1R in-frame deletion (p.S560_P566del) was identified, and in silico modeling predicted a gain-of-function mutation. This alteration was targeted with pexidartinib, which led to a clinical complete response (CR) within 2 months, and a partial response (PR) on imaging after 3 months. After 15 months, the disease became resistant to pexidartinib and transformed to histiocytic sarcoma. Patient 2 has skin-only involvement of a xanthogranuloma disorder. A KIF5B-FGFR1 fusion was identified on RNA sequencing and targeted with pemigatinib. At 24 months of follow-up, she remains in a clinical PR. Patient 3 has ECD involving the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and subcutaneous tissues. A MEF2C-FLT3 fusion was identified and targeted with sorafenib. He achieved a clinical CR and radiographic PR within 3 months, which has continued for 30 months.

CONCLUSION

We report three patients with histiocytic disorders harboring novel alterations who had sustained responses to off-label kinase inhibitors specific to their histiocytic disorder. Pathogenic variants outside of the MAPK pathway, including variants of unknown significant, may be targeted with readily available small molecules.
The History of the Zanzibari Amakhuwa: Uprooting, Registration, and Inventions of Home in a Community of Liberated Africans
Authors: Kaarsholm Preben
Published: November 2024

This article gives a detailed account of the history of the Durban Zanzibari Amakhuwa community, which developed around the descendants of freed slaves brought to Natal by the Royal Navy as “liberated Africans” in the 1870s. It discusses some of the methodological challenges facing researchers studying diasporas of Makua speakers dispersed across the Indian Ocean world through the slave trade and its abolition. These include distortions in the documentary records as well as in oral traditions of memorialization configured and given voice in response to changing social and political contexts. The article offers a detailed critical analysis of the information on the freed slaves and their backgrounds contained in a “Return of Liberated Africans” from 1877. It then discusses how reminiscences of origin have since been creatively reinterpreted in several rounds among descendants of freed slaves and fellow community members between the 1870s and the present, and the ways in which dialectics of inclusion and exclusion have unfolded. The article brings this up to date in an account of the August 2023 celebrations in Durban of the 150th anniversary of the first arrivals of freed slaves. It concludes by debating the implications of different dynamics of memorialization for reparations and historical justice as well as for attempts to establish databases documenting the slave trade in the western Indian Ocean.
Agency and Acquired Plant Knowledge among Enslaved Laborers: The Acclimatization of Vanilla and Cloves in the Indian Ocean World
Authors: Alpers Edward A.
Published: November 2024

This article explores the complex process involving a wide variety of historical actors in the acclimatization of vanilla and cloves in the western Indian Ocean during the long nineteenth century. Imperial rivalries and monopolistic control of these two crops provide the historical context in which the acquired plant knowledge of enslaved laborers in the Mascarene Islands was exercised. Ranging from the Maluku Islands, in eastern Indonesia, and from Mexico to Europe, the argument centers on French colonial Mauritius and Réunion, and imperial Omani Zanzibar.
A Conversation with Gwyn Campbell
Authors: Jennings Eric
Published: November 2024

In the Fall of 2023 Eric Jennings communicated with Gwyn Campbell, director of the Indian Ocean World Centre, McGill University, general editor of the Palgrave Series in Indian Ocean World Studies, and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies. Communicating by email, the two discussed Gwyn Campbell's latest book, The Madagascar Youths: British Alliances and Military Expansion in the Indian Ocean Region (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022).
Transgender, Trans-human, Trans-religious
Authors: van Klinken Adriaan
Published: November 2024

This article examines the writings of the Nigerian author Akwaeke Emezi, in particular their acclaimed semi-autobiographical novel Freshwater (2018), as a form of African queer and trans autotheorizing. It critically examines the theoretical significance of the indigenous Igbo concept of ọgbanje (spirit-child), which is central in Emezi’s self-writing and which serves to decenter and decolonize Western trans terminology. Reading Emezi in conversation with Stella Nyanzi’s argument about the queer possibilities of African understandings of spirits, the article argues that ọgbanje is an indigenous concept that allows for transing not just the category of gender, but also of religion and of the human. It further contends that Emezi, through the narrative epistemological frame of ọgbanje, performs a decolonial gesture that interrogates gender dualism, religious orthodoxy, secularity, and anthropocentric thought and that creatively reconceptualizes gender, religion, and, fundamentally, human personhood. Thus, this article advances debates about decolonization, religion, and (trans)gender in the fields of trans studies in religion and queer African studies, as well as in religious and trans/queer studies more broadly.
Queer and Trans Studies and the Jewish Question
Authors: Drinkwater Gregg
Published: November 2024

Over the past twenty years, Jewish studies scholars have produced an outpouring of work informed by the insights of queer theory while also creating a small but growing library of scholarship centering queer and trans lives. This essay explores the insights gained from this body of work, considering both the limitations for scholarship in this vein within Jewish studies and the potential for new directions in the field. As this essay demonstrates, dozens of Jewish studies scholars have brilliantly deployed queer theory as a productive analytical lens. But the field suffers from a relative paucity of work recovering histories grounded in the lived and embodied experiences of Jewish sexual and gender minorities. This essay calls for deeper analyses of Jewish LGBTQ communities and cultures, along with more studies of queer and trans Jewish pasts and presents. To date, queerly inflected Jewish studies scholarship has been built on a relatively shallow foundation. This essay urges a strengthening and deepening of the field while offering suggestions for future growth.
An early Lord’s Prayer in a southern variety of Saami
Authors: Kazakėnaitė Ernesta , Blokland Rogier
Published: November 2024

Among the holdings of the National Library of Sweden there is a manuscript titled Pater noſter: Varijs Linguis ‘Lord’s Prayer: in various languages’, which contains 20 translations of the Lord’s Prayer. The last page of this manuscript is very defective, and its language was not identified in the first study to mention this manuscript (Biezais, Haralds. 1955. Ein neugefundener Text des lettischen Vaterunsers aus dem 16. ­Jahrhundert. Nordisk Tidskrift för bok- och biblioteksväsen 42. 47–54). However, last year it was found to be a southern variety of Saami. Earlier manuscripts of the Lord’s Prayer in Saami are unknown, making this potentially the oldest known Saami text in manuscript form that has survived to the present day. Although it has not been possible to decipher the entire text, this article provides a tentative transcription and compares it to the first known published Lord’s Prayers in Saami from 1619. Additionally, it briefly presents the manuscript and its history, and gives some background on the activities of the church in northern Sweden during the 16th century when such translations came into existence.
Kokkuvõte. Ernesta Kazakėnaitė, Rogier Blokland: Varajane Meieisa palve lõunapoolses saami keele variandis. Rootsi Rahvusraamatukogu kollektsioonis on käsikiri pealkirjaga Pater noſter: Varijs Linguis „Meieisapalve: erinevates keeltes“, mis sisaldab 20 meieisapalve tõlget. Käsikirja viimane lehekülg on osaliselt loetamatu ja selle teksti keelt ei tuvastatud esimeses uuringus, milles käsikirja mainiti (Biezais, Haralds. 1955. Ein neugefundener Text des lettischen Vaterunsers aus dem 16. Jahrhundert. Nordisk Tidskrift för bok- och biblioteksväsen 42. 47–54). Aastal 2023 avastas artikli esimene autor, et tegemist on ilmselt lõunapoolse saami keele variandiga. Muid varaseid saamikeelseid meieisapalve käsikirju ei ole teada, seetõttu on kõnealune käsikiri potentsiaalselt vanim teadaolev saamikeelne tekst, mis on tänapäevani säilinud. Kuigi kogu teksti ei olnud võimalik dešifreerida, esitatakse käesolevas artiklis selle esialgne transkriptsioon ja võrreldakse seda esimese teadaoleva, 1619. aastal avaldatud saamikeelse meieisapalve tekstiga. Lisaks tutvustatakse lühidalt käsikirja ja selle ajalugu ning antakse mõningaid taustteadmisi Rootsi kiriku tegevusest Põhja-Rootsis 16. sajandil, mil selliseid tõlkeid tekkis.
Understanding the role of ethnicity, age, sex and obesity on foot morphology: a systematic review
Authors: Bhattacharjee Nairrita , Maji Suvendu , Pal Baidyanath , Goswami Monali
Published: November 2024

The morphology of the human foot varies considerably due to the combined effects of heredity, culture, lifestyle, nutrition and climatic factors, and these have anthropological, clinical and forensic importance. The shape of the foot has been of great interest to numerous authors because of its variability and its importance from both the morphological and functional points of view. Foot morphology determines the size and shape of feet or footprints and thereby makes them unique data to establish human identity. This review study is an attempt to explore the variation in human foot morphology in different ethnic populations as well as the effect of age, sex and obesity on the morphology of the human foot. The database was searched from June 2021 to December 2021 using Google Scholar, ResearchGate and PubMed employing unique and specific combinations of keywords, such as ethnic differences, foot anthropometry, foot dimensions, foot morphology, footprints, gender differences in foot dimension, sexual dimorphism in foot anthropometry, foot shape, obesity and foot morphology, and the effect of age on foot morphology. A total of 55 studies were retrieved covering the years from 1975 to 2020. Literature revealed that foot morphological characteristics vary among different ethnic groups and also exhibit sexual dimorphism and reflect specific characteristics at different ages of life. Obesity was found to have a significant impact on selected foot morphological parameters. Studies on quantitative variations in foot morphology from the anthropological point of view in the Indian context are limited, and, therefore, similar studies should be instigated among different ethnic groups living in different parts of India.
Body adiposity and body types susceptibility to kidney stone disease among the Meiteis of Manipur: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Konjengbam Henry , Pebam Erika , Singh Aheibam Robertson , Yumnam Malvika , Devi Yumnam Leona , Meitei Sanjenbam Yaiphaba
Published: November 2024

Diverse human characteristics significantly influence susceptibility to kidney stone disease (KSD), resulting in unequal risks of formation. Human variations can be classified by prakriti body types, rooted in holistic mind-body principles, and anthropometric somatotypes, focused solely on physical traits. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the susceptibility to KSD among the Meitei adult population of Manipur across different body types and other body adiposity variables. Among 712 participants (322 males, 390 females) from the Meitei adult population of Manipur, kidney stone prevalence is 11.24%. BMI and body fat show no association with stone formation. Interestingly, prakriti body types correlate with kidney stones, while somatotypes do not. The study emphasizes understanding one’s body type, especially prakriti, for proactive kidney stone prevention. Moreover, it highlights the ancient Ayurvedic system’s relevance in averting kidney stone development.
Malaria awareness and prevention practices among tribal individuals in Southern Odisha, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bindhani Basanta Kumar , Nayak Jayanta Kumar
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study examined malaria awareness and prevention practices among 245 tribal inhabitants in the Koraput district of Odisha, a region highly affected by malaria. Data regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to malaria were collected using structured questionnaires. The study found that the community had moderate levels of awareness and understanding about malaria, with an average knowledge score of 67%. Males had slightly higher knowledge scores compared to females. The attitude score was 80.57%, indicating a generally positive mindset towards malaria prevention. In terms of practices, the score was 78.67%, reflecting a fair adoption of preventive measures like mosquito net usage and maintenance of environmental cleanliness. The study emphasized the crucial role of health workers as the primary source of information about malaria prevention. However, it also identified gaps in women’s understanding of malaria symptoms and transmission, as well as the limited diversity in information channels. The findings suggest the need for more targeted educational initiatives and community-centric health strategies to enhance overall health practices in tribal communities affected by malaria.
PARP inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer - A Review of literature
Authors: Niewiadomska Jagoda , Bondos Borys , Stępień Aleksandra , Paluch Alicja , Skrzypek Jakub , Niekra Aleksandra , Fussek Łukasz , Kochan Robert , Wieczorek Ewelina , Lee Kacper
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in developed countries. It also occurs in men. The primary therapy for these cancers is surgery; chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy are also used.  More and better treatments are being sought for this disease. The use of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer has shown good results, so in this article we have done a review of the results of various studies on this topic. [1] In this review, the results of studies on the use of various PARP inhibitors in breast cancer of different hormonal status are presented.
Purpose
This article aims to give you an overview of the trials that have looked at the effects of different PARP inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. PARP inhibitors are a relatively new cancer therapy with good results, so it is important to pay attention. 
 
State of Knowledge
In this article, I used the PubMed database and considered papers from the last 15 years, but most of the information in this review comes from papers published after 2020. I have also taken into account the recommendations of the FDA and the European Medicines Agency on the use of PARP inhibitors.
Conclusions
PARP inhibitors have shown significant effects on breast cancer outcomes. The differences in outcomes depending on the type of cancer, the PARP inhibitor used, and the previous therapies used in a given patient tell us how important it is to individualize therapy in oncology. The findings of the studies presented in this review also point to the need for further research that could focus on identifying patients who may best benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors, as well as studying synergistic effects in combination with other forms of therapy, such as immunotherapy or chemotherapy. The changes in treatment outcomes that these drugs can bring underscore the importance of exploring new therapeutic strategies in oncology.
Como idosas com comprometimento cognitivo lidam com o estressor físico?
Authors: Beserra Ana Heloisa Nascimento , Portugal Eduardo da Matta Mello , Dutra Patricia Maria Lourenço , Dourado Marcia Cristina Nascimento , Deslandes Andrea Camaz , Laks Jerson , Moraes Helena Sales de
Published: November 2024

O processo de envelhecimento pode promover alterações no eixo hipotálamo-pituitária-adrenal (HPA), causando desregulação nos níveis de cortisol (resposta e recuperação inadequadas) após um estímulo estressor agudo. Para os indivíduos com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL), os níveis elevados de cortisol podem estar associados ao estresse crônico apesar de não conhecermos as respostas agudas ao estressor agudo. No entanto, existe uma diferença entre os gêneros e os indivíduos principalmente devido a patologias relacionadas ao envelhecimento como demência ou CCL. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar o efeito do estressor físico agudo nos níveis de cortisol salivar entre mulheres com CCL e mulheres saudáveis. Foram selecionados idosas com diagnóstico clínico de CCL (n = 8) e idosas saudáveis (n = 10). Ambos os grupos realizaram uma triagem com teste cognitivo e físico. O estressor físico consistiu em uma caminhada de intensidade moderada em esteira por 30 min. O cortisol salivar foi coletado 3 vezes: antes, logo após e 15 minutos após a caminhada. Observou-se redução do cortisol imediatamente após o estressor físico para ambos os grupos com tamanho de efeito grande, porém esses resultados não alcançaram diferença significativa (F = 3,979; p = 0,063). A terceira coleta de cortisol pós 15 minutos mostrou um efeito significativo para o momento (F = 4,075; p = 0,031) com tamanho do efeito grande e redução dos níveis de cortisol. Independente do diagnóstico, as idosas apresentam baixa responsividade do cortisol a um estímulo físico. Apesar disso, os desfechos devem ser interpretados com cautela devidos as limitações.
Does Increasing the Riskiness of Choices Widen Gender Gaps?
Authors: Hirshman Samuel D. , Willén Alexander
Published: November 2024

We isolate the causal effect of changing the riskiness of choices on the gender gap in real world outcomes. We do so by exploiting a national reform to the regrade system of Norwegian universities that generated exogenous variation in the probabilities of the outcome of regrade requests. Using unique individual-level administrative data, we show that both the expected value of a regrade request, as well as the downside risk, increased substantially as a result of the policy. We then show how the ostensibly gender-neutral policy substantially increased gaps between men and women because they differed in their risk preferences and beliefs. Specifically, the exogenous change in the riskiness of requesting a regrade augmented the gender gap in regrade requests by 90%. We demonstrate that this has important implications for students through its impact on their grades. We disentangle the relative importance of mechanisms through auxiliary reduced-form analyses, structural estimation, and a supplemental laboratory experiment. Taken together, our mechanism analyses suggest that gender differences in risk preferences and loss aversion are not sufficient to explain the increased gender gap after the policy change, and that gender differences in confidence or beliefs are necessary to rationalize the data and more broadly consistent with the patterns we observe.

This paper was accepted by Dorothea Kubler, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: This project was partially funded by the Research Council of Norway through its Centers of Excellence Scheme [FAIR Project 262675].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.04088 .
Effectiveness of Herbal Steam Bath Therapy for Quality of Life and Sleep Quality in Post-Covid-19 Patients
Authors:   Department of Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand, Paithoon Rossarin , Sriyakul Kusuma Sriyakul ,   Department of Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand, Tungsukruthai Parunkul ,   Department of Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand, Srikaew Nunthiya ,   Department of Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand, Sawangwong Pornchai ,   Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, Tungsukruthai Sucharat ,   Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand, Phetkate Pratya ,   Department of Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal steam bath (HSB) therapy on the quality of life and sleep quality in post-COVID-19 patients. This randomized controlled trial involved 68 participants, who were divided into two groups: the intervention group received HSB combined with standard care, while the control group received only standard care. The HSB therapy was administered three times a week for four weeks. Outcome measures included the WHOQOL-BREF-THAI for quality of life, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality, and the Thai Distress Thermometer for distress levels. The results indicated that HSB significantly improved the overall quality of life (P ≤ 0.05) and various components of sleep quality, such as overall sleep quality (P ≤0.05), sleep latency (P ≤ 0.05), sleep duration (P ≤ 0.05), and sleep disturbances (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, HSB significantly reduced distress levels in the emotional domain (P ≤ 0.05). This study concludes that HSB might be beneficial in reducing distress, improving sleep quality, and consequently enhancing the quality of life among post-COVID-19 patients.
Exploring the Relationship Between Oral Pathogens and Gingival Health in Adults with Gingivitis and Mild Periodontitis: An Observational Cross-sectional Study
Authors:   Department of Dentistry, Myongji Hospital, 55, Hwasu-ro 14, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, Shim Woo Hyun , Song Jusun ,   GC Genome, 107 Ihyeon-ro 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin 16924, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, Kim Ki Hwan ,   Department of Dentistry, Myongji Hospital, 55, Hwasu-ro 14, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, Lee Sanghun ,   NH Institute for Natural Product Research, Myongji Hospital, 55, Hwasu-ro 14, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea,   Department of Bioconvergence and Engineering, Graduate school, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
Published: November 2024

Gingivitis, characterized by inflammation of the gingiva, is prevalent globally and can progress to more severe periodontal diseases if untreated. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the oral microbiota, plays a critical role in the progression of gingivitis. This study investigates the relationship between ten pathogenic bacteria and clinical indices (Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Bleeding on Probing, and Probing Pocket Depth) used in the diagnosis and assessment of gingivitis in adults under the hypothesis that specific oral pathogens correlate with these indices.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 adults diagnosed with gingivitis or mild periodontitis at Myongji Hospital, South Korea. Supragingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed using PowerCheck™ Periodontitis Pathogens Multiplex Real-time PCR to identify the prevalence of ten periodontitis-related pathogens. Statistical analyses, including multiple linear regression, were performed to determine associations between bacterial prevalence and clinical indices, adjusting for age and sex. Significant associations were found between several periodontal pathogens and clinical indices.
Fusobacterium nucleatum exhibited a strong correlation with Plaque Index (P-value=5.61×10-5) and Gingival Index (P-value=4.02×10-4), suggesting its relevance in the inflammatory profile of gingivitis and mild periodontitis. Other pathogens also demonstrated varying degrees of association with the clinical indices.
The study highlights the value of integrating bacterial analysis with conventional diagnostic approaches for comprehensive assessment and management of gingivitis. The findings suggest that Fusobacterium nucleatum may contribute to early inflammatory processes in gingival health, potentially informing targeted therapeutic strategies in periodontal care.
Link between caries, periodontitis, and pregnancy: The role of personalized oral hygiene
Authors: Martínez Nieto Melissa , De León Rodríguez Martha Leticia , Alcaraz Baturoni Francisco Javier , Soto Chávez Alma Alicia , Lomelí Martínez Sarah Monserrat
Published: November 2024

Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus. This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women, with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries. Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight, many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care. This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treatments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare professionals. Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support, have proven effective in improving oral health in this population. Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient, thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes. Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.
Advancements and challenges in neuroimaging for the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms: Addressing false positive diagnoses and emerging techniques
Authors: Arora Nanthida , Muengtaweepongsa Sombat
Published: November 2024

Despite advancements in neuroimaging, false positive diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms remain a significant concern. This article examines the causes, prevalence, and implications of such false-positive diagnoses. We discuss how conditions like arterial occlusion with vascular stump formation and infundibular widening can mimic aneurysms, particularly in the anterior circulation. The article compares various imaging modalities, including computer tomography angiogram, magnetic resonance imaging/angiography, and digital subtraction angiogram, highlighting their strengths and limitations. We emphasize the importance of accurate differentiation to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions. The potential of emerging technologies, such as high-resolution vessel wall imaging and deep neural networks for automated detection, is explored as promising avenues for improving diagnostic accuracy. This manuscript underscores the need for continued research and clinical vigilance in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms.
IS DAIR OR IMPLANT EXCHANGE BEST FOR FRACTURE-RELATED INFECTION?
Authors: McNally Martin , Frank Florian , Hotchen Andrew , Valand Poonam , Stubbs David , Ferguson Jamie
Published: November 2024

Aim

This is the first study to directly compare the clinical outcome of debridement, antimicrobials and implant retention (DAIR) with stabilization using new internal fixation after debridement, for patients with Fracture-related Infection (FRI).

Method

Consecutive patients with FRI Consensus confirmed FRI had single-stage surgery with tissue sampling, debridement, stabilization, antimicrobial therapy and skin closure. All cases had FRIs which were unhealed at surgery. When existing implants were stable, the implant was retained but loose implants or fractures with poor reduction had implant removal and refixation with new implants. All patients had the same empiric and definitive antibiotics, the same diagnostic criteria and outcome assessment at least one year after surgery. Failure was defined as infection recurrence, reoperation or lack of fracture consolidation at one year.

Results

Seventy-one patients were studied (40 DAIRs and 31 new implants, including 10 exchange nails). The two groups were well matched for age, duration of infection, BACH complexity, microbiology, bone involved and need for flap coverage. Ten patients (13.7%) died before the endpoint. Mortality was similar in both groups (DAIR 14.1% vs New Metalware 12.9%; p=0.801) but DAIR of IM nails had a higher mortality at 40% (p=0.011). Sixty-one patients were followed-up for a mean of 3.32 years (1.04-9.43).

Infection was eradicated in 23/34 (67.6%) DAIR patients and 24/27 (88.9%) with new metalware (p=0.049). Overall rates of infection-free union were similar in both groups (58.8% vs 77.8%; p=0.117). DAIR of plates had significantly fewer infection-free unions compared to removal and implantation of new plates (DAIR 57.1% vs NM 91.7%; p=0.033).

Conclusion

Implantation of new metalware had better eradication of infection and a strong trend towards better union rates. Treating FRI with retained or new metalware had a substantial mortality (13.7%). Choosing DAIR did not reduce this mortality and these patients more often required further surgery to treat residual infection and secure union.
INFECTIONS OF FOREIGN MATERIAL FOR LIGAMENT, MENISCUS, AND TENDON RECONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Roskar Samo , Faganeli Natasa , Mihalic Rene , Trebse Rihard
Published: November 2024

Aim

Arthroscopic interventions have revolutionized the treatment of joint pathologies. The appropriate diagnostics and treatment are required for infections after ligament reconstructions using non-resorbable material such as tendon grafts, anchors, and sutures, prone to biofilm formation. The infection rate is around 1% for knee and shoulder, while up to 4% for Achilles tendon reconstructions. Despite high number of these procedures worldwide, there is limited evidence about the best treatment protocol. Our study aimed to provide a general protocol for the treatment of small implants for soft tissue reconstruction.

Method

Between 2019 and 2023, we treated 48 infections of ligament, meniscus, and tendon reconstructions out of 7291 related procedures performed in the same time period. Early infection (<30 days) were treated with an arthroscopic debridement and implant retention (DAIR), except Achilles tendons had open DAIR, while those with delayed or chronic infection (>30 days) were treated with extensive debridement and lavage combined with one-stage exchange (OSE) or implant removal. During surgery, at least 5 microbiological s and samples for histopathology were obtained. The removed material was sonicated. After surgery, all patients were one week on iv. antibiotics, followed by oral antibiofilm antibiotics for 6 weeks including rifampicin and/or a quinolone. All patients were followed for at least 1 year. Failure was defined as the need for additional revision surgery after finished iv. antibiotic treatment.

Results

Among 48 patients, 38 were early and 10 were late acute or chronic infections. The incidence of infection for our cohort was 0.7%. We observed 27 infections after ligament reconstruction of the knee, 15 of the shoulder, 5 of the ankle, and 1 infection of the elbow joint. 40 patients were treated with DAIR, 5 with OSE, and 3 with implant removal. We had 11 C. acnes, 10 S. aureus, 6 S. epidermidis, 2 P. aeruginosa, 2 S. lugdunensis, 10 mixed flora, and 3 culture-negative infections. 12 patients received antibiotics before surgery, and all culture-negative infections were related to this subgroup. We observed 2 failures, both in a combination of proximal tibial osteotomy and ligament reconstruction of the knee joint. The success rate of our protocol was 96%.

Conclusions

Prompt surgical treatment followed by 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment cured 96% of infections of small implants after reconstruction procedures of knee, shoulder, and ankle joints. Our study is the first to provide a treatment protocol for infections of small implants after ligament reconstruction procedures