bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Metal Halide Perovskite Film Preparation: The Role of Anti‐Solvent Treatment
Authors: Sun Jianguo , Li Fangchao , Yuan Jianyu , Ma Wanli
Published: February 2021

In the past decade, hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention. Since then, the power conversion efficiency has astonishingly reached to 25.5%, situating perovskites at the forefront of all reported solution‐processed photovoltaic materials. The research of PSCs has reached a stage where efficiency, stability, and cost need to be simultaneously considered before reaching the threshold for large‐scale commercialization. In this article, the recent progress in fabricating high‐quality perovskite thin‐films adopting “anti‐solvent” strategy is reviewed and the established nucleation and crystal growth mechanisms during the treatment process is discussed. In addition, present challenges and further opportunities of the anti‐solvent methodology toward efficient and large‐scale PSCs are highlighted. The continuous efforts dedicated to the development of anti‐solvent treatment for fabricating high‐performance large‐area devices may pave the way toward commercial applications of PSCs in the near future.
Refined double sampling scheme with measures and application
Authors: Khired Abubaker Aidroos , Aslam Muhammad , Dobbah Saeed A.
Published: February 2021

In this study, we propose a design for a control chart for the normal distribution using a modified double sampling scheme. The probability of in control, out of control, the average run length (ARL), and the standard deviation of run length (SDRL) of the proposed control chart is derived. The proposed control chart using the modified double sampling scheme is found to be more efficient in detecting small shifts of a process in comparison with existing, single, and double sampling control charts. The efficiency of the proposed control chart is investigated in terms of ARL and SDRL via simulation and application to a real data set.
Dirichlet process mixture models with shrinkage prior
Authors: Ding Dawei , Karabatsos George
Published: February 2021

We propose Dirichlet process mixture (DPM) models for prediction and cluster‐wise variable selection, based on two choices of shrinkage baseline prior distributions for the linear regression coefficients, namely, the Horseshoe prior and the Normal‐Gamma prior. We show in a simulation study that each of the two proposed DPM models tends to outperform the standard DPM model based on the non‐shrinkage normal prior, in terms of predictive, variable selection, and clustering accuracy. This is especially true for the Horseshoe model and when the number of covariates exceeds the within‐cluster sample size. A real data set is analysed to illustrate the proposed modelling methodology, where both proposed DPM models again attained better predictive accuracy.
Effects of supplementing sow diets during late gestation with Pennisetum purpureum on antioxidant indices, immune parameters and faecal microbiota
Authors: Huang Peng‐Fei , Mou Qi , Yang Ying , Li Jia‐Ming , Xu Ming‐Lang , Huang Jing , Li Jian‐Zhong , Yang Huan‐Sheng , Liang Xiao‐Xiao , Yin Yu‐Long
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adding Pennisetum purpureum (P. purpureum, also known as Napier grass or elephant grass) to the diets of late gestation on the antioxidant indexes, immune indexes and faecal microbiota of sows. At the 90 days of gestation, 300 healthy sows were randomly divided into three groups, and they received the basic commercial diet or added 5% P. purpureum and 10% P. purpureum, respectively. The experiment started from 90 days of gestation to parturition. The results showed that the total antioxidant capacity, immunoglobulins and serum equol concentrations of sows on 100 days of gestation and at parturition increased linearly (p < .05) with the increase of the content of P. purpureum in the gestation diet. The 5% P. purpureum increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (p = .027) and Actinobacteria (p < .001) at phylum level, Coriobacteriaceae (p < .001) at family level and Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 (p = .004) at genus level, and decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigella (p < .001) at genus level. In summary, this study shows that the additive of P. purpureum can increase the concentration of serum equol, improve the antioxidant capacity and immune function of sow in late gestation. In addition, the additive of 5% P. purpureum in the diet might change the composition of intestinal microbiota of sows, particularly the relative abundance of Coriobacteriaceae (p < .001) increased.
Design of optimum filters for signal processing with silicon drift detectors
Authors: Rettenmeier Florian , Maurer Linus
Published: February 2021

In order to improve noise filtering for high‐resolution X‐ray spectroscopy using silicon drift detectors, optimum finite impulse response filters are calculated and tested experimentally. Common matched filter theory cannot be applied for this problem since the filters need to fulfill several requirements regarding their time domain transfer function, like, for example, the presence of a flat‐top, zero‐filter area. Therefore, the utilization of digital penalized least mean square method with silicon drift detectors is presented. Adaptations to the method are applied in order to suit the considered application targeting low dead‐time at high count rates using modern silicon drift detectors with fast charge amplifiers. The workflow for filter calculation is presented: Signal data are acquired using a spectroscopy setup in order to obtain pulse shape and noise information. Desired constraints regarding the time‐domain transfer function of the filters are written out, and limits for the precision of their fulfillment are derived. Optimization is carried out, and resulting filters are presented. In order to experimentally test the calculated filters, implementation in hardware is done. 55Fe spectra are acquired and evaluated. Noise reduction is rated by calculation of residual electronic noise in the recorded 55Fe spectra. Comparison to the noise reduction of trapezoid filters is done. Improvement up to (5.2 ± 0.3)% was found using the calculated optimum filter, proving the successful utilization of digital penalized least mean square method for signal processing with modern silicon drift detectors.
Introduction
Authors: Möst Dominik , Schreiber Steffi , Jakob Martin
Published: February 2021

The future energy system in Europe needs to be decarbonized and thus be based almost exclusively on renewable energy sources. Therefore it is challenged by the intermittent nature of renewables and requires several flexibility options. The interaction between different options and the impact on environment and society are in the focus of this contribution. It is the core objective of this book to analyze and evaluate the development toward a low-carbon energy system with focus on flexibility options in the EU to support the implementation of the Strategy Energy Technology Plan. The analyses are based on a bottom-up modeling environment that considers current and future energy technologies, policy measures and their impact on environment and society while considering technological learning of low-carbon and flexibility technologies.
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
Authors: Möst Dominik , Herbst Andrea , Jakob Martin , Poganietz Witold-Roger , Schreiber Steffi , Zöphel Christoph
Published: February 2021

This chapter summarizes insights and measures to decarbonize the European energy system until the year 2050, as analyzed in the previous 15 chapters, and emphasizes the considerable efforts required to coordinate and govern the targeted energy transition. With increasing aspiration regarding the targeted climate policy the more marked are the required efforts. The reference scenario Mod-RES seems to be well achievable from today’s perspective, while much more additional efforts have to be taken to achieve the more ambitious High-RES scenarios. However, even the High-RES scenarios are less aspiring compared to the aims defined in the European Green Deal. Finally, this chapter highlights conclusions and policy recommendations for a cross-sectoral decarbonization as well as for its resulting environmental, social and health impacts.
Scenario Storyline in Context of Decarbonization Pathways for a Future European Energy System
Authors: Herbst Andrea , Schreiber Steffi , Poganietz Witold-Roger , Martino Angelo , Möst Dominik
Published: February 2021

This chapter presents a qualitative description of the scenario storylines for the REFLEX project. The scenario descriptions provide the overall qualitative framework for the modeling activities by setting-up two holistic socio-technical scenarios based on different storylines: the moderate renewable scenario (Mod–RES) as reference scenario and the (de-)centralized high renewable scenarios (High–RES) as ambitious policy scenarios. The chapter highlights the definition of main techno-economic framework parameters, macro-economic and societal drivers as well as of the considered political environment.
Model Coupling Approach for the Analysis of the Future European Energy System
Authors: Kunze Robert , Schreiber Steffi
Published: February 2021

In REFLEX ten different bottom-up simulation tools, fundamental energy system models, and approaches for life cycle assessment are coupled to a comprehensive Energy Models System. This Energy Models System allows an in–depth analysis and simultaneously a holistic evaluation of the development toward a low–carbon European energy system with focus on flexibility options up to the year 2050. Different variables are exchanged among the individual models within the Energy Models System. For a consistent analysis, relevant framework and scenario data need to be harmonized between the models.
Natural Competence and Horizontal Gene Transfer in Campylobacter
Authors: Golz Julia Carolin , Stingl Kerstin
Published: February 2021

Thermophilic Campylobacter, in particular Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. lari are the main relevant Campylobacter species for human infections. Due to their high capacity of genetic exchange by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), rapid adaptation to changing environmental and host conditions contribute to successful spreading and persistence of these foodborne pathogens. However, extensive HGT can exert dangerous side effects for the bacterium, such as the incorporation of gene fragments leading to disturbed gene functions. Here we discuss mechanisms of HGT, notably natural transformation, conjugation and bacteriophage transduction and limiting regulatory strategies of gene transfer. In particular, we summarize the current knowledge on how the DNA macromolecule is exchanged between single cells. Mechanisms to stimulate and to limit HGT obviously coevolved and maintained an optimal balance. Chromosomal rearrangements and incorporation of harmful mutations are risk factors for survival and can result in drastic loss of fitness. In Campylobacter, the restricted recognition and preferential uptake of free DNA from relatives are mediated by a short methylated DNA pattern and not by a classical DNA uptake sequence as found in other bacteria. A class two CRISPR-Cas system is present but also other DNases and restriction–modification systems appear to be important for Campylobacter genome integrity. Several lytic and integrated bacteriophages have been identified, which contribute to genome diversity. Furthermore, we focus on the impact of gene transfer on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (resistome) and persistence factors. We discuss remaining open questions in the HGT field, supposed to be answered in the future by current technologies like whole-genome sequencing and single-cell approaches.
Introduction to Social Work, Sociometry, and Psychodrama
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

This introductory chapter provides context for the content covered in the rest of the book. Background on the evolution of the book and increased social work attention to psychodrama is offered while also defining the basic concepts of sociometry, psychodrama, and social work with groups. The importance of considering differences between cultures, populations, and countries is highlighted, especially as it relates to scope of practice of the social work field which varies between countries. Specifics of chapter topics are overviewed with suggestions to the reader on how to approach this book. Though the book explicitly focuses on social work, many other professionals will find this publication useful including group therapists, counselors, psychologists, creative arts therapists, psychodramatists, community workers, supervisors, and professors.
Essentials of Psychodrama Practice
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

The essentials of psychodrama practice are covered in depth within this chapter. Fourteen core psychodrama interventions or techniques are described with corresponding depictions of their use within psychodrama group sessions. The psychodrama techniques of doubling, mirroring, and role reversal are presented with their relationship to Moreno’s developmental theory. Considerations for the application of psychodrama interventions on teletherapy is also provided. Various types of psychodrama scenes are described with reference to the Psychodramatic Spiral and the Hollander Curve. The processes of closure, de-roling, and sharing at the end of a psychodrama enactment are outlined.
Other Experiential Approaches Similar to Psychodrama
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

This chapter will briefly introduce further methods that Moreno created related to psychodrama, as well as other approaches similar to psychodrama but developed by others. Social microscopy and sociodrama will be outlined pertaining to Moreno’s additional dramatic approaches. Axiodrama, monodrama, autodrama, ethnodrama, bibliodrama, and teledrama each will be introduced as other dramatic approaches based on psychodrama. Drama therapy, gestalt therapy, Playback Theater, Theater of the Oppressed, Internal Family SystemsTherapy, Pesso Boyden System Psychomotor Therapy, and family/systemic constellations will each be briefly presented with their similarities and differences to psychodrama.
Psychodrama Practice in Clinical Social Work with Individuals
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

This chapter is devoted to the clinical practice of psychodrama in individual sessions. Fundamental differences between psychodrama in groups and one-to-one contexts are discussed including the use of auxiliary roles, the therapeutic relationship, and modifications for basic psychodrama interventions. An overview of the use of the empty chair, objects, and/or the therapist as an auxiliary ego is included. The limitations and strengths of using psychodrama in individual sessions are discussed. Multiple psychodrama scenes (strengths-based, intrapsychic, and interpersonal) are depicted from a social work practice example with clinical processing.
History of Sociometry, Psychodrama, Group Psychotherapy, and Jacob L. Moreno
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

This chapter presents the histories of sociometry, psychodrama, and group psychotherapy while also outlining the history of Jacob L. Moreno, their founder. Major events from Moreno’s life are covered as they relate to the development of his philosophy and the practice of his triadic system, sociometry, psychodrama, and group psychotherapy. The popularity and decline of Moreno’s methods throughout their history are highlighted while offering insights into these historical trends in the USA and globally. Connections are drawn between Moreno’s history and the history of social work while also framing him as a social worker due to the nature of his philosophy, theory, and practice. A comprehensive timeline is offered which depicts the parallel timelines of psychodrama, social work, group therapy, psychology, and society.
Social Work Philosophy Encounters Morenean Philosophy
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

Core Morenean philosophy is covered in this chapter as it relates to social work philosophy. The existential and spiritual philosophies from which sociometry and psychodrama emerged are comprehensively depicted including his theory of human nature, the encounter, the Godhead, the autonomous healing center within, spontaneity–creativity theory, the here-and-now, action theory, role theory, and psychodrama’s developmental theory. Attention is given to the biopsychosocial -spiritual nature of both social work and psychodrama’s conceptualizations. The intersection of Morenean philosophy is presented with each of the six core social work values—the centrality of human relationships, the dignity and worth of each person, social justice , service, competence, and integrity.
Interpersonal Neurobiology, Social Work, Sociometry, and Psychodrama
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

The rapidly emerging neuroscience research continues to validate the practice of social work, group therapy, and psychodrama. The centrality of human relationships is being supported by the field of interpersonal neurobiology. New technologies allow us to learn more about the brain and the ways it is impacted by adversity, healing, and action. The importance of safety, connection, integration, and a strength-s-based approach is supported in the neuroscience literature. The neurobiological mechanisms which promote change in psychodrama are becoming clearer. Furthermore, the words of contemporary neuroscientists appear to echo Moreno’s writings of sociometry and psychodrama nearly a decade earlier.
MHV graviton scattering amplitudes and current algebra on the celestial sphere
Authors: Banerjee Shamik , Ghosh Sudip , Paul Partha
Published: February 2021

Abstract

The Cachazo-Strominger subleading soft graviton theorem for a positive helicity soft graviton is equivalent to the Ward identities for $$ \overline{\mathrm{SL}\left(2,\mathrm{\mathbb{C}}\right)} $$

SL

2
ℂ

¯

currents. This naturally gives rise to a $$ \overline{\mathrm{SL}\left(2,\mathrm{\mathbb{C}}\right)} $$

SL

2
ℂ

¯

current algebra living on the celestial sphere. The generators of the $$ \overline{\mathrm{SL}\left(2,\mathrm{\mathbb{C}}\right)} $$

SL

2
ℂ

¯

current algebra and the supertranslations, coming from a positive helicity leading soft graviton, form a closed algebra. We find that the OPE of two graviton primaries in the Celestial CFT, extracted from MHV amplitudes, is completely determined in terms of this algebra. To be more precise, 1) The subleading terms in the OPE are determined in terms of the leading OPE coefficient if we demand that both sides of the OPE transform in the same way under this local symmetry algebra. 2) Positive helicity gravitons have null states under this local algebra whose decoupling leads to differential equations for MHV amplitudes. An n point MHV amplitude satisfies two systems of (n − 2) linear first order PDEs corresponding to (n − 2) positive helicity gravitons. We have checked, using Hodges’ formula, that one system of differential equations is satisfied by any MHV amplitude, whereas the other system has been checked up to six graviton MHV amplitude. 3) One can determine the leading OPE coefficients from these differential equations.

This points to the existence of an autonomous sector of the Celestial CFT which holographically computes the MHV graviton scattering amplitudes and is completely defined by this local symmetry algebra. The MHV-sector of the Celestial CFT is like a minimal model of 2-D CFT.
Simulations of a bubble wall interacting with an electroweak plasma
Authors: Mou Zong-Gang , Saffin Paul M. , Tranberg Anders
Published: February 2021

Abstract

We perform large-scale real-time simulations of a bubble wall sweeping through an out-of-equilibrium plasma. The scenario we have in mind is the electroweak phase transition, which may be first order in extensions of the Standard Model, and produce such bubbles. The process may be responsible for baryogenesis and can generate a background of primordial cosmological gravitational waves. We study thermodynamic features of the plasma near the advancing wall, the generation of Chern-Simons number/Higgs winding number and consider the potential for CP-violation at the wall generating a baryon asymmetry. A number of technical details necessary for a proper numerical implementation are developed.
Hydrodynamic effective field theory and the analyticity of hydrostatic correlators
Authors: Jain Akash , Kovtun Pavel , Ritz Adam , Shukla Ashish
Published: February 2021

Abstract

We study one-loop corrections to retarded and symmetric hydrostatic correlation functions within the Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory framework for relativistic hydrodynamics, focusing on charge diffusion. We first consider the simplified setup with only diffusive charge density fluctuations, and then augment it with momentum fluctuations in a model where the sound modes can be ignored. We show that the loop corrections, which generically induce non-analyticities and long-range effects at finite frequency, non-trivially preserve analyticity of retarded correlation functions in spatial momentum due to the KMS constraint, as a manifestation of thermal screening. For the purposes of this analysis, we develop an interacting field theory for diffusive hydrodynamics, seen as a limit of relativistic hydrodynamics in the absence of temperature and longitudinal velocity fluctuations.
Diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI-guided biopsy in patients with suspected prostate cancer: a prospective single-center study
Authors: Ferraro Daniela A. , Becker Anton S. , Kranzbühler Benedikt , Mebert Iliana , Baltensperger Anka , Zeimpekis Konstantinos G. , Grünig Hannes , Messerli Michael , Rupp Niels J. , Rueschoff Jan H. , Mortezavi Ashkan , Donati Olivio F. , Sapienza Marcelo T. , Eberli Daniel , Burger Irene A.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Ultrasound-guided biopsy (US biopsy) with 10–12 cores has a suboptimal sensitivity for clinically significant prostate cancer (sigPCa). If US biopsy is negative, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided biopsy is recommended, despite a low specificity for lesions with score 3–5 on Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS). Screening and biopsy guidance using an imaging modality with high accuracy could reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, reducing side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of positron emission tomography/MRI with 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA-PET/MRI) to detect and localize primary sigPCa (ISUP grade group 3 and/or cancer core length ≥ 6 mm) and guide biopsy.

Methods

Prospective, open-label, single-center, non-randomized, diagnostic accuracy study including patients with suspected PCa by elevation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and a suspicious lesion (PIRADS ≥3) on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). Forty-two patients underwent PSMA-PET/MRI followed by both PSMA-PET/MRI-guided and section-based saturation template biopsy between May 2017 and February 2019. Primary outcome was the accuracy of PSMA-PET/MRI for biopsy guidance using section-based saturation template biopsy as the reference standard.

Results

SigPCa was found in 62% of the patients. Patient-based sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value, and accuracy for sigPCa were 96%, 81%, 93%, 89%, and 90%, respectively. One patient had PSMA-negative sigPCa. Eight of nine false-positive lesions corresponded to cancer on prostatectomy and one in six false-negative lesions was negative on prostatectomy.

Conclusion

PSMA-PET/MRI has a high accuracy for detecting sigPCa and is a promising tool to select patients with suspicion of PCa for biopsy.

Trial registration

This trial was retrospectively registered under the name “Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MRI) Guided Biopsy in Men with Elevated PSA” (NCT03187990) on 06/15/2017 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03187990).
Correction to: Long‐Term Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) After Redo‐Fundoplication
Authors: Kivelä Antti J. , Kauppi Juha , Räsänen Jari , But Anna , Sintonen Harri , Vironen Jaana , Kruuna Olli , Scheinin Tom
Published: February 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268‐021‐06009‐3
Die ersten Schritte nach einer hüftnahen Fraktur
Authors: Altenbuchner Amelie , Haug Sonja , Weber Karsten
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund

Sensoren erlauben eine durchgehende Mobilitätsbeobachtung von Patienten nach hüftnahen Frakturen. Fitnessarmbänder ermöglichen unterbrechungs- und einschränkungsarme Längsschnittbeobachtungen der geriatrischen Zielgruppe.

Ziel der Arbeit

Deskriptive Darstellung der Schritte pro Tag (SpT) nach Hüftfrakturoperation auf der geriatrischen Traumastation und darüber hinaus.

Material und Methoden

Die explorative Studie mit Feldcharakter beobachtete über 10 Wochen die SpT von 20 Patienten (80 % weiblich, Durchschnittsalter 85,2 Jahre ± 7,86) via Fitnesstracker. Tägliche Schrittzahlen (SpT) werden für Patienten als wöchentlicher Durchschnittswert (Tage 1–7, 8–14 usw.) gebildet, bevor die deskriptive Analyse erfolgt.

Ergebnisse

Es erfolgt eine positive Entwicklung im Laufe der Beobachtungswochen (BW). Von BW 1 (M = 353,57 ± 310,15) bis 10 (M = 2482,07 ± 1374,12) erfolgt ein durchschnittlicher Anstieg um den Faktor 1,285 (±0,351). Die höchsten Anstiege um das je 1,8-Fache sind von BW 2 (M = 556,27 ± 478,11) auf BW 3 (M = 1024,86 ± 921,24) sowie von 6 (M = 1268,21 ± 880,47) auf 7 (M = 2367,14 ± 1680,08) zu beobachten. Geringfügig verringern sich die Schritte von BW 4 (M = 1208,27 ± 1210,45) auf 5 (0,99-fach) und von BW 9 (M = 2689,98 ± 2339,71) auf 10 (0,92-fach). Es sind stets hohe Spannweiten sowie Standardabweichungen in Anbetracht der Mittelwerte vorhanden. Es lässt auf das Vorhandensein mehrerer Gruppen der Schritteentwicklung schließen.

Diskussion

Fitnesstracker und die Variable SpT können die Gehfähigkeit in der Alltagsumgebung abbilden, bei einem möglichen Unterschätzen < 10 %. Es treten Unterschiede in Beobachtungsdauer sowie -unterbrechungen auf. Eine Clusteranalyse sollte zukünftig Gruppenmerkmale unterschiedlicher Entwicklungsverläufe aufdecken.
Metric Dimension Parameterized By Treewidth
Authors: Bonnet Édouard , Purohit Nidhi
Published: February 2021

A resolving set S of a graph G is a subset of its vertices such that no two vertices of G have the same distance vector to S. The Metric Dimension problem asks for a resolving set of minimum size, and in its decision form, a resolving set of size at most some specified integer. This problem is NP-complete, and remains so in very restricted classes of graphs. It is also W[2]-complete with respect to the size of the solution. Metric Dimension has proven elusive on graphs of bounded treewidth. On the algorithmic side, a polynomial time algorithm is known for trees, and even for outerplanar graphs, but the general case of treewidth at most two is open. On the complexity side, no parameterized hardness is known. This has led several papers on the topic to ask for the parameterized complexity of Metric Dimension with respect to treewidth. We provide a first answer to the question. We show that Metric Dimension parameterized by the treewidth of the input graph is W[1]-hard. More refinedly we prove that, unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis fails, there is no algorithm solving Metric Dimension in time $$f(\text {pw})n^{o(\text {pw})}$$

f

(
pw
)

n

o
(
pw
)

on n-vertex graphs of constant degree, with $$\text {pw}$$
pw
the pathwidth of the input graph, and f any computable function. This is in stark contrast with an FPT algorithm of Belmonte et al. (SIAM J Discrete Math 31(2):1217–1243, 2017) with respect to the combined parameter $$\text {tl}+\Delta$$

tl
+
Δ

, where $$\text {tl}$$
tl
is the tree-length and $$\Delta$$
Δ
the maximum-degree of the input graph.
Wrapping the pancreas with a polyglycolic acid sheet before stapling reduces the risk of fluid collection on the pancreatic stump after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Kim Ji Su , Rho Seoung Yoon , Shin Dong Min , Choi Munseok , Kang Chang Moo , Lee Woo Jung , Hwang Ho Kyoung
Published: February 2021

Background

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and postoperative fluid collection (POFC) are common complications after distal pancreatectomy (DP). The previous method of reducing the risk of POPF was the application of a polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet to the pancreatic stump after cutting the pancreas with a stapler (After-stapling); the new method involves wrapping the pancreatic resection line with a PGA sheet before stapling (Before-stapling). The study aimed to compare the incidence of POPF and POFC between two methods.

Methods

Data of patients who underwent open or laparoscopic DPs by a single surgeon from October 2010 to February 2020 in a tertiary referral hospital were retrospectively analyzed. POPF was defined according to the updated International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula criteria. POFC was measured by postoperative computed tomography (CT).

Results

Altogether, 182 patients were enrolled (After-stapling group, n = 138; Before-stapling group, n = 44). Clinicopathologic and intraoperative findings between the two groups were similar. Clinically relevant POPF rates were similar between both groups (4.3% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.989). POFC was significantly lesser in the Before-stapling group on postoperative day 7 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Wrapping the pancreas with PGA sheet before stapling was a simple and effective way to reduce POFC.
A systems engineering study of integration reverse vending machines into the waste management system of Kazakhstan
Authors: Amantayeva A. , Alkuatova A. , Kanafin I. , Tokbolat S. , Shehab E.
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to conduct a systems engineering investigation for the integration of reverse vending machines (RVM) into the waste management system of Kazakhstan. By conducting a wide-scale survey among the general public, the study was able to identify the underlining reasons for low recycling rate, the awareness and willingness of the public to engage with RVMs, and incentives that would motivate them. Survey results also allowed identifying the customer (user) requirements and helped to design the house of quality (HoQ) for further evaluation of potential RVM functionality. The proposed system model and functional flow block diagram (FFBD) were developed for an RVM considering identified customer requirements. Finally, risk analysis of RVM integration to the waste management system was carried out, and mitigation measures were proposed.
A formal analysis of some factor- and precedent-based accounts of precedential constraint
Authors: Prakken Henry
Published: February 2021

In this paper several recent factor- and dimension-based models of precedential constraint are formally investigated and an alternative dimension-based model is proposed. Simple factor- and dimension-based syntactic criteria are identified for checking whether a decision in a new case is forced, in terms of the relevant differences between a precedent and a new case, and the difference between absence of factors and negated factors in factor-based models is investigated. Then Horty’s and Rigoni’s recent dimension-based models of precedential constraint are critically examined. An alternative to their reason models is proposed which is less expressive but arguably easier to apply in practice.
Turning the spotlight on the oligosaccharide chain of GM1 ganglioside
Authors: Chiricozzi Elena , Di Biase Erika , Lunghi Giulia , Fazzari Maria , Loberto Nicoletta , Aureli Massimo , Mauri Laura , Sonnino Sandro
Published: February 2021

It is well over a century that glycosphingolipids are matter of interest in different fields of research. The hydrophilic oligosaccharide and the lipid moiety, the ceramide, both or separately have been considered in different moments as the crucial portion of the molecule, responsible for the role played by the glycosphingolipids associated to the plasma-membranes or to any other subcellular fraction. Glycosphingolipids are a family of compounds characterized by thousands of structures differing in both the oligosaccharide and the ceramide moieties, but among them, the nervous system monosialylated glycosphingolipid GM1, belonging to the group of gangliosides, has gained particular attention by a multitude of Scientists. In recent years, a series of studies have been conducted on the functional roles played by the hydrophilic part of GM1, its oligosaccharide, that we have named “OligoGM1”. These studies allowed to shed new light on the mechanisms underlying the properties of GM1 defining the role of the OligoGM1 in determining precise interactions with membrane proteins instrumental for the neuronal functions, leaving to the ceramide the role of correctly positioning the GM1 in the membrane crucial for the oligosaccharide-protein interactions. In this review we aim to report the recent studies on the cascade of events modulated by OligoGM1, as the bioactive portion of GM1, to support neuronal differentiation and trophism together with preclinical studies on its potential to modify the progression of Parkinson’s disease.
Enhancing large neighbourhood search heuristics for Benders’ decomposition
Authors: Maher Stephen J.
Published: February 2021

A general enhancement of the Benders’ decomposition (BD) algorithm can be achieved through the improved use of large neighbourhood search heuristics within mixed-integer programming solvers. While mixed-integer programming solvers are endowed with an array of large neighbourhood search heuristics, few, if any, have been designed for BD. Further, typically the use of large neighbourhood search heuristics is limited to finding solutions to the BD master problem. Given the lack of general frameworks for BD, only ad hoc approaches have been developed to enhance the ability of BD to find high quality primal feasible solutions through the use of large neighbourhood search heuristics. The general BD framework of SCIP has been extended with a trust region based heuristic and a general enhancement for large neighbourhood search heuristics. The general enhancement employs BD to solve the auxiliary problems of all large neighbourhood search heuristics to improve the quality of the identified solutions. The computational results demonstrate that the trust region heuristic and a general large neighbourhood search enhancement technique accelerate the improvement in the primal bound when applying BD.
Interannual variability of body size and beak morphology of the squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the North Pacific Ocean in the context of climate change
Authors: Fang Zhou , Han Peiwu , Wang Yan , Chen Yangyang , Chen Xinjun
Published: February 2021

Oceanic squids are typical species that sensitive to the environment change. Previous studies on oceanic squids mainly focus on its annually fluctuated abundance under the background of climate change. The changes of individual morphological sizes, including body and beak, have been observed in recent years. In this study, Ommastrephes bartramii, an important cephalopod species in North Pacific Ocean, has been selected to analyze the annual morphological changes of body and beak under different scales of climate events. Geometric morphometrics was used to analyze the shape variations of both upper beak and lower beak. The possible phenotypic plasticity of body and beak was also discussed in different aspects. Body size showed different variations among different climatic years. The size at the maturity stage in 2015 (El Niño year) was much smaller than that in other years for both sexes. The centroid size representing the beak size showed the significant difference between two types of Pacific Decadal Oscillation phases. The shapes of upper and lower beaks showed significant differences between small-scale climatic patterns in which El Niño or La Niña event occurred, displaying different growth patterns.
Robust Data Integration Method for Classification of Biomedical Data
Authors: Polewko-Klim Aneta , Mnich Krzysztof , Rudnicki Witold R.
Published: February 2021

We present a protocol for integrating two types of biological data – clinical and molecular – for more effective classification of patients with cancer. The proposed approach is a hybrid between early and late data integration strategy. In this hybrid protocol, the set of informative clinical features is extended by the classification results based on molecular data sets. The results are then treated as new synthetic variables. The hybrid protocol was applied to METABRIC breast cancer samples and TCGA urothelial bladder carcinoma samples. Various data types were used for clinical endpoint prediction: clinical data, gene expression, somatic copy number aberrations, RNA-Seq, methylation, and reverse phase protein array. The performance of the hybrid data integration was evaluated with a repeated cross validation procedure and compared with other methods of data integration: early integration and late integration via super learning. The hybrid method gave similar results to those obtained by the best of the tested variants of super learning. What is more, the hybrid method allowed for further sensitivity analysis and recursive feature elimination, which led to compact predictive models for cancer clinical endpoints. For breast cancer, the final model consists of eight clinical variables and two synthetic features obtained from molecular data. For urothelial bladder carcinoma, only two clinical features and one synthetic variable were necessary to build the best predictive model. We have shown that the inclusion of the synthetic variables based on the RNA expression levels and copy number alterations can lead to improved quality of prognostic tests. Thus, it should be considered for inclusion in wider medical practice.
Optimal destabilization of cartels
Authors: von Auer Ludwig , Pham Tu Anh
Published: February 2021

This paper introduces an oligopoly model that includes three actors: a cartel (comprising two or more firms that operate like one merged company), a group of competing fringe firms, and a welfare maximizing antitrust authority. The cartel is the Stackelberg quantity leader and the fringe firms are in Cournot competition with respect to the residual demand. The cartel is internally stable if none of its member firms finds it profitable to become a fringe firm. The antitrust authority can destabilize the cartel in the sense of making the cartel internally instable. To this end, the antitrust authority has three policy instruments at its disposal: its own effort, a fine for detected cartels, and a leniency program for cartel members that cooperate with the authority. Taking into account that the use of these instruments is not costless for society, a unique optimal antitrust policy is derived. The analysis reveals that both, the optimal force and mix of the antitrust authority’s policy depend on market characteristics such as the efficiency of the authority’s operations, the public respect for the rule of law, the ethical standards of the firms’ managers, the market volume, and the number of firms operating on the market.
Predictors of Microvascular Reperfusion After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Doherty Daniel J. , Sykes Robert , Mangion Kenneth , Berry Colin
Published: February 2021

Purpose of Review

In acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), successful restoration of blood flow in the infarct-related coronary artery may not secure effective myocardial reperfusion. The mortality and morbidity associated with acute MI remain significant. Microvascular obstruction (MVO) represents failed microvascular reperfusion. MVO is under-recognized, independently associated with adverse cardiac prognosis and represents an unmet therapeutic need.

Recent Findings

Multiple factors including clinical presentation, patient characteristics, biochemical markers, and imaging parameters are associated with MVO after MI.

Impaired microvascular reperfusion is common following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). New knowledge about disease mechanisms underpins precision medicine with individualized risk assessment, investigation, and stratified therapy. To date, there are no evidence-based therapies to prevent or treat MVO post-MI. Identifying novel therapy for MVO is the next frontier.
Multidisciplinary consensus on optimising the detection of NTRK gene alterations in tumours
Authors: Garrido P. , Hladun R. , de Álava E. , Álvarez R. , Bautista F. , López-Ríos F. , Colomer R. , Rojo F.
Published: February 2021

The recent identification of rearrangements of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) genes and the development of specific fusion protein inhibitors, such as larotrectinib and entrectinib, have revolutionised the diagnostic and clinical management of patients presenting with tumours with these alterations. Tumours that harbour NTRK fusions are found in both adults and children; and they are either rare tumours with common NTRK fusions that may be diagnostic, or more prevalent tumours with rare NTRK fusions. To assess currently available evidence on this matter, three key Spanish medical societies (the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), the Spanish Society of Pathological Anatomy (SEAP), and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP) have brought together a group of experts to develop a consensus document that includes guidelines on the diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of NTRK-fusion tumours. This document also discusses the challenges related to the routine detection of these genetic alterations in a mostly public Health Care System.
Paraventricular Nucleus P2X7 Receptors Aggravate Acute Myocardial Infarction Injury via ROS-Induced Vasopressin-V1b Activation in Rats
Authors: Cheng Wenjing , Sun Yinggang , Wu Qin , Ooi Kokwin , Feng Yi , Xia Chunmei , Zhu Danian
Published: February 2021

The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms by which P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) mediate the activation of vasopressinergic neurons thereby increasing sympathetic hyperactivity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus of rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). The left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery was ligated to induce AMI in rats. The rats were pretreated with BBG (brilliant blue G, a P2X7R antagonist), nelivaptan (a vasopressin V1b receptor antagonist), or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) [an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor]. Hemodynamic parameters of the heart were monitored. Myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were assessed. In the PVN of AMI rats, P2X7R mediated microglial activation, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) were higher than in the sham group. Intraperitoneal injection of BBG effectively reduced ROS production and vasopressin expression in the PVN of AMI rats. Moreover, both BBG and DPI pretreatment effectively reduced sympathetic hyperactivity and ameliorated AMI injury, as represented by reduced inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, microinjection of nelivaptan into the PVN improved cardiac function and reduced the norepinephrine (AE) levels in AMI rats. Collectively, the results suggest that, within the PVN of AMI rats, P2X7R upregulation mediates microglial activation and the overproduction of ROS, which in turn activates vasopressinergic neuron-V1b receptors and sympathetic hyperactivity, hence aggravating myocardial injury in the AMI setting.
Concomitant Respiratory Failure Can Impair Myocardial Oxygenation in Patients with Acute Cardiogenic Shock Supported by VA-ECMO
Authors: Prisco Anthony R. , Aguado-Sierra Jazmin , Butakoff Constantine , Vazquez Mariano , Houzeaux Guillaume , Eguzkitza Beatriz , Bartos Jason A. , Yannopoulos Demetris , Raveendran Ganesh , Holm Mikayle , Iles Tinen , Mahr Claudius , Iaizzo Paul A.
Published: February 2021

Venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) treatment for acute cardiogenic shock in patients who also have acute lung injury predisposes development of a serious complication called “north-south syndrome” (NSS) which causes cerebral hypoxia. NSS is poorly characterized and hemodynamic studies have focused on cerebral perfusion ignoring the heart. We hypothesized in NSS the heart would be more likely to receive hypoxemic blood than the brain due to the proximity of the coronary arteries to the aortic annulus. To test this, we conducted a computational fluid dynamics simulation of blood flow in a human supported by VA-ECMO. Simulations quantified the fraction of blood at each aortic branching vessel originating from residual native cardiac output versus VA-ECMO. As residual cardiac function was increased, simulations demonstrated myocardial hypoxia would develop prior to cerebral hypoxia. These results illustrate the conditions where NSS will develop and the relative cardiac function that will lead to organ-specific hypoxia.

Graphical Abstract
Acute toxicity of typical ant control agents to the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Sakamoto Hironori , Goka Koichi
Published: February 2021

The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is a serious invasive alien ant around the world and has expanded its invasive range to the Pacific Rim since the early 2000s. It was first reported in Japan in 2017, and its entry through cargo has been reported numerous times in many ports. Colonies have been found in Tokyo Port since 2019, and now it is an urgent issue to prevent further invasion and establishment. Chemical control is the best tested method of insect control, but we have little information on the efficacy of insecticides against S. invicta in Japan. Here, we conducted acute toxicity assays of six quick-acting pyrethroids (transfluthrin, prallethrin, phenothrin, permethrin, metofluthrin, and pyrethrin) for killing adults and five new-type insecticides (fipronil, thiamethoxam, indoxacarb, imidacloprid, and hydramethylnon) for controlling colonies with toxic baits. We found that the LD50 from six pyrethroids were comparable to each other. The ED50 causing abnormal behaviors were smaller than LD50, but some ants recovered from paralysis within 12 h. Fipronil showed the lowest LD50 suggesting this chemical is the most promising agent for controlling S. invicta. Our results promise to develop a method for the chemical control of S. invicta.
Synthesis of nearly spherical AlN particles by an in-situ nitriding combustion route
Authors: Wei Zhilei , Li Kang , Ge Bangzhi , Guo Chaowei , Xia Hongyan , Guo Yajie , Shi Zhongqi
Published: February 2021

Spherical AlN powders with micrometer size have attracted great attention owing to their good fluidity and dispersity. However, the industrial preparation methods usually require high temperature and long soaking time, which lead to the high cost and limit the wide application of the products. Herein, nearly spherical AlN particles with the average size of 2.5 µm were successfully synthesized via anin-situcombustion synthesis method. The effect of N2pressure, NH4Cl content, and Al particle size on the combustion reaction procedure, phase composition, and microstructure of the products was systematically investigated. The results showed that the decreased N2pressure, increased NH4Cl content, and Al particle size led to the decreasing of combustion temperature and speed, which further affected the morphology of the products. As a result, low N2pressure (0.2 MPa), a small amount of NH4Cl (0.5 wt%), and fine Al particles (∼2.5 µm) contributed to a moderate combustion temperature and facilitated the formation of nearly spherical AlN particles. In addition, based on the gas-releasing assisted quenching experiments and thermo-kinetic analysis, a two-step growth mechanism for the nearly spherical AlN particles was rationally proposed. The present method shows the advantages of low cost and high efficiency for preparing nearly spherical AlN particles, which can be used as raw materials for electronic substrates and fillers for packaging materials.