bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case study of office noise and vibration annoyance due to building water pumps for HVAC equipment
Authors: Ruhala Richard , Ruhala Laura
Published: July 2022

The background noise and vibration in an office workplace area was observed to be excessive. Next to one of the executive offices, as well as an open office space, is a mechanical room that provides heating and cooling to part of the 3-story college campus building. Inside this mechanical
room are two hot and two cold water pumps which are part of the HVAC system of the building, as well as two boilers and a pump to a nearby chiller unit. Measurements have determined that these pumps are the main source of noise annoyance. The first task was to determine if the sounds meet
the criteria stated in ASHRAE and ANSI standards. The background sound was measured during several occurrences as A-weighted, C-weighted, octave bands, and time recordings to processes narrowband spectrum. RC Mark II and NC levels were calculated from the data, and it was determined that the
noise levels are often significantly above the criteria for office spaces. Narrowband and sound recordings indicate tonal acoustic signals generated by the pumps that lead to a higher level of annoyance.
Rainfall noise simulation and mitigation
Authors: Nelson David
Published: July 2022

A newly constructed and otherwise well-regarded building suffered from excessive rain noise in open areas where the roof deck was exposed. A single major rain event was used to characterize the existing condition, making use of a handheld sound level meter, mobile phone recordings,
and weather radar data and corresponding rainfall rates. Several retrofit options were evaluated using a "homebuilt" rainfall simulator fashioned after that described in ISO 140-18. Measured data allowed each treatment's benefit to be compared to a speech interference criterion.
Because the actual practical criterion was Owner satisfaction, an audio presentation using filtered recordings was planned rather than presentation of engineering data. However the simulator was constructed so that changes could be rapidly made, so that an Owner representative was able to
personally experience and approve the changes prior to installation.
Horizontal impact sound transmission measurements
Authors: Fullerton Jeffrey , Maurer Alexander
Published: July 2022

Impact sound transmission is typically considered for the floor/ceiling assembly that separates vertically stacked spaces. This is the context that ASTM E492 laboratory testing and ASTM E1007 field testing are performed. However, impact sounds often have the potential for causing significant
flanking transmission through structural connections of the floor system to surrounding spaces. A common concern for possible impact sound transmission can occur with hard flooring finishes that are not isolated from the floor structure to adjacent spaces. For this condition, while it is possible
to achieve adequate impact isolation vertically by using isolated ceiling assemblies, the lack of isolation for the flooring may allow significant horizontal impact sound transmission, which is not affected by the ceiling assembly. This study presents findings and comparisons from measurements
of impact sound transmission testing between horizontally adjacent spaces on a concrete floor slab and a wood-framed floor assembly with different flooring underlayment conditions.
An improved two-stage dereverberation method based on bayesian estimation of a speech source
Authors: Singh Arun Prakash , Tiwari Nachiketa
Published: July 2022

It is not easy to extract speech emanating from a specific direction in a large reverberant room with additional sound sources. Many of the existing methods work well only if there is a single sound source, and their performance degrades if additional sound sources are present. In this
work, we have addressed this problem by maximizing the posterior probability of speech signal as computed by use of Bayes' Theorem. Our de-reverb method is two-staged. We have evaluated the efficacy of our method against several popular methods in terms of five objective measures; Signal-to-Interference
Ratio, Log-Likelihood Ratio, Cepstrum Distance, Frequency-Weighted Segment SNR, and Speechto-Reverberation Modulation Energy Ratio. We show that on each of these parameters, the method proposed in this work performs better than the one we have benchmarked it against.
Ultrasmall Coordination Polymers for Alleviating ROS-Mediated Inflammatory and Realizing Neuroprotection against Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Cheng Guowang , Liu Xueliang , Liu Yujing , Liu Yao , Ma Rui , Luo Jingshan , Zhou Xinyi , Wu Zhenfeng , Liu Zhuang , Chen Tongkai , Yang Yu
Published: July 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease globally, and there is currently no effective treatment for this condition. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neuroinflammation are major contributors to PD pathogenesis. Herein, ultrasmall nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) coordinated by ferric ions and natural product curcumin (Cur) were exploited, showing efficient neuroprotection by scavenging excessive radicals and suppressing neuroinflammation. In a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse PD model, such ultrasmall Fe-Cur NCPs with prolonged blood circulation and BBB traversing capability could effectively alleviate oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory condition in the midbrain and striatum to reduce PD symptoms. Thus, this study puts forth a unique type of therapeutics-based NCPs that could be used for safe and efficient treatment of PD with potential in clinical translation.
DAY OF THE WEEK EFFECT ON STOCKS’ RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM AMMAN STOCK EXCHANGE (JORDAN)
Authors: Enaizeh Noor Ahmad , Al Kilani Qais A.
Published: July 2022

This study aims to identify and explain the effect of the day of the week on the return of stocks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE), where some days of the week have higher/lower returns than others. It also aims to find if the market follows a significant pattern and determine whether the day of the week anomaly exists over the study time. Using the Free Float Index ASE100 through all days of the week from 2011 to 2019, the study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach; also, data analysis includes an Ordinary Least Square statistical approach. Results indicated that the study's data is normally distributed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; moreover, it was observed that there was a difference in stocks' returns based on the difference in weekdays. In addition, there is the day of the week effect on the return of stocks listed on ASE, where Thursday was the highest return, which was due to the instructions of criteria for the solvency of brokerage companies operating on the stock exchange that states all brokers shall collect the balances of accounts receivables resulting from buying securities on credit within one week. As a result, Wednesday ranks second to Thursday in returns. Additionally, the results concluded that there is no effect of two days in a week on returns of stocks listed on ASE represented by Sunday and Monday, where Tuesday mediate the working days in the week. The study recommends investigating other anomalies that might affect ASE, using the same index and other indexes that, perhaps, unexpected outcomes will be presented, especially since ASE is an emerging market.
MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SAWDUST-REINFORCED EPOXY RESIN COMPOSITES
Authors: Ali Farhan Afif , Hamzah Khairum , Khashi’ie Najiyah Safwa , Waini Iskandar , Mustafa Nuzaimah , Long Nik Mohd Asri Nik
Published: July 2022

Sawdust is one of the beneficial by-products of wood production, along with a number of others. In the construction of structures, sawdust, considered a waste material, is successfully used to create sawdust concrete. In the present study, a new analysis of the mechanical and physical properties of sawdust-reinforced epoxy resin composites (SRER) was presented. This mixing composite was fabricated using the compression molding techniques to produce three eco-friendly ratios between natural and synthetic materials: 75% of sawdust and 25% of epoxy (75S25E), 80% of sawdust and 20% of epoxy (80S20E), and 85% of sawdust and 15% of epoxy (85S15E). The images of the sawdust material were captured using Nikon SMZ 745T microscope, and their mechanical properties were analyzed using tensile, impact, and surface roughness tests. The collected data were analyzed using statistical analysis. Numerical computations and graphical demonstrations were carried out to observe the mechanical and physical properties of the SRER composite according to the three ratios. Their mechanical and physical properties will affect the different ratios of SRER composite. The outcomes demonstrated that due to the synergistic effect of reinforcements, the composite with 80% of sawdust had better mechanical properties than the other eco-friendly ratios composites. Furthermore, the mechanically tested samples were subjected to a surface roughness test to investigate the impact of the speed parameters of the CNC router machine spindle. The results show the significance of the CNC router machine spindle speed parameters for the eco-friendly ratios of SRER composite.
DEPENDABLE DISCHARGE OF MOLEK IRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENT RELATED TO THE PARTICIPATION PERSPECTIVE OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Hidayat Fajar , Rasyad Ach. , Zulkarnain  , Bustami Abdul Latif , Limantara Lily Montarcih
Published: July 2022

The natural or artificial water supply into soil with the aim of giving the moisture that is necessary for crop growth is called irrigation. An irrigation structure is the water structure system from upstream to downstream that consists of the weir (intake gate), the channel, and the division box. The weir has the function of raising the water level by opening and closing the gate that controls water flow into the channel; the division box divides the water to fulfill the need for water of the crop in the paddy. Irrigation is very important for supplying water for agriculture. Irrigation management generally only includes the participation perspective or qualitative condition; however in this research, the dependable discharge is analyzed mainly for its quantitative support of irrigation management. To fulfill the need for water for agriculture, the irrigation water has to be proportionally given; otherwise, the crop growth will be disrupted, and this will have implications for agricultural production. For this reason, this research is intended to investigate and analyze the dependable discharge as to the water availability and crop water needed for the agriculture production yield in the Molek S irrigation area, Jatigui Village, Sumber Pucung District, Malang Regency, Indonesia, which is related to the participation perspective in managing the Secondary S Molek irrigation management. For an area of 160 ha, the paddy utilizes irrigation water from the Molek main channel, which is sourced from the weir at Blobo. The results of the analysis can give an illustration of the potency of the water supply that can be carried out continuously without falling to the ratio of the lowest mean crop water requirement of 60.44%; the ratio of the highest mean crop water requirement is 69.85%.
TREATMENT OF DIRECT BLUE 15 (DB15) BY FERED-FENTON
Authors: Marlina Elin , Purwanto Purwanto , Sudarno Sudarno , Sari Ajeng Arum
Published: July 2022

The Fered-Fenton process is one of the proposed options across the set of electrochemical oxidation processes. The primacy of this process is in-situ production of oxidation factors such as the hydroxyl radical (OH•). In this study, the Fered-Fenton process was adopted for the degradation of Direct Blue 15 (DB15) in wastewater by variating operational factors such as initial pH, applied current, and H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations. The efficiency of color removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, functional group removal, and energy consumption of the Fered-Fenton process was evaluated. According to the results of this research, color and COD was degraded up to 90% and 86%, respectively, using graphite and Ti/Pt as electrodes. The presence of C-O absorption at wave number 1129.17 cm-1 also strengthens the presence of OH groups attached to the carbon chain. The energy consumption of this treatment was 20.4 kWh/L after 120 min. Therefore, the Fered-Fenton method is environmentally friendly for dye wastewater treatment.
ESTIMATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN QUENCHED 4140 LOW ALLOY STEEL USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD)
Authors: Mohammad Haider M. , Lieth Haider Mahdi , Jabbar Murtadha Abbas
Published: July 2022

During the quenching process, coolants, heating temperature, and holding time must be carefully adjusted to avoid large temperature differences that may lead to undesirable high residual stresses that may limit the surface life of the material. The objectives of this project are to estimate the values of residual stresses in quenched 4140 low alloy steel using X-ray diffraction (XRD), to study the effect of holding time and heating temperature on the behavior and values of residual stresses, and to determine an empirical equation for residual stresses in terms of heating temperature and holding time based on the experimental results. The method and analysis for this research include both experimental and theoretical aspects. The experimental work involves the selection of 4140 low alloy steel, preparation of the material (including specimen design and specimen preparation), pretreatment (annealing) to remove any unknown history of the selected low alloy steel, hardening, hardness testing, and XRD testing. The theoretical work is the determination of an empirical equation, based on the data obtained from the experiments, that describes the behavior of residual stresses in terms of heating temperature and holding time. This research contributes a better understanding of the best working conditions to yield the best hardness and, more importantly, the conditions that affect the value of residual stresses. The results show that the holding time is the primary determinant of the values of residual stresses and that XRD is an effective method for measuring these values.
Pasang Surut Politik dan Sejarah Isu Kebijakan Sawit di Riau
Authors: Anwar Khairul , Ishak Ishak , Isril Isril , Erman Erman
Published: July 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan menemukan konteks politik sejarah pasang surut isu kebijakan sawit di Riau dengan mengambil fokus masa awal reformasi 2000-2010. Latar belakangnya pergulatan politik aktor dalam sejarah isu kebijakan sawit sejak kolonial hingga awal reformasi Indonesia termasuk di Riau. Argumentasinya adalah akumulasi pasang surut isu politik sawit, terjadi pada awal reformasi. Pertanyaannya, bagaimana pasang surut interaksi politik aktor tersebut berlangsung di Riau? Dalam menjawab pertanyaan dipakai teori dan metode analisis modern political economy Jeffry Frieden. Pasang surut politik terkait isu kebijakan sawit  terjadi sejak diterapkan UU.No.32/tahun 2009 dan UU.No.25/ tahun 1999. Dalam era rezim ORBA tuntutan politik hanya dilakukan para politisi di DPRD dan Birokrasi lokal. Sepanjang tahun 2000-2010,  aktor lokal yang melakukan aksi memperjuangkan isu sawit spektrumnya semakin melebar, ada banyak aktor lokal dalam batas tertentu bersifat pasif  kemudian menjadi viral. Masa transisi politik ini diungkapkan melalui fakta munculnya sejumlah aktivis masyarakat sipil, teknokrat dan pemerintah. Ada aktor  pemerintah bersikap setuju, menolak dan setuju dengan usulan. Para aktor memiliki strategi, taktik, dan kiat dalam berkoalisi sesuai dengan posisinya. Dalam konteks politik lokal pluralistik  seperti inilah, pasang surut politik lokal isu kebijakan sawit terjadi sebagai hasil interaksi aktor lokal dan nasional.
A Parametric Integral Formulation to Approximate the Magneto Quasi-Static Fields of 3D Cylindrical Solenoids with Helical Winding
Authors: Zadehgol Ata
Published: July 2022

The solenoid has been used extensively in a wide range of electrical applications. In the present work, an analytical model is presented for estimating the 3-dimensional (3D) magneto quasi-static fields of the cylindrical solenoid with helix-shaped (helical) wire winding. The proposed integral formulation is based on the Schur (Hadamard) vector product of the current vector I and the helical tangent vector T, to express the magnetic vector potential A. The model is used to estimate the magnetic flux density vector B and the flux linkage Psi anywhere in 3D space, excluding the (source) regions of conducting wire. A constant scaling coefficient, based on measured terminal inductance, is proposed for calibration of the model's magnetic field. Error analysis is presented on the numerical integration, based on truncated series expansion of complete elliptic integrals in terms of Chebychev polynomials. The model may be used to estimate all three cylindrical components of the magneto quasi-static fields of solenoids as a function of core diameter, wire radius, the number of wire turns per winding layer, the number of winding layers, and the complex permeability of frequency-dependent linear material. Several numerical examples are provided to validate the helical model against the superposition of circular loops, and an idealized circuit model.
Photon Chamber Showing Incompleteness of Wave Interpretations of Double Slit Experiments
Authors: peng hui
Published: July 2022

Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been described by the optic wave theory, the electromagnetic wave (EM wave) theory and pilot wave theory. Recently, the coexistence of the particle nature and the wave distribution of light in double slit experiments has been demonstrated. In this article we utilize the photon chamber to detect the traces of the light beam in the double slit experiments. The existence of the light tracks indicates the particle nature of the light beam in the wave experiments. The particle nature of the light beam is visualized by the tracks, while the wave-like distribution is visualized by the interference pattern. 

Furthermore, we cover the two sides of the chamber by copper foil for shielding the EM wave. If the light beams were the EM waves, then the interference pattern would be disturbed. The experiments show that the light behave as particles moving through the photon chamber, while distribute as waves without being disturbed. Thus, the double slit/photon chamber experiments visually indicate that the wave interpretations of the optical wave theory and the EM wave theory of the double slit experiments are incomplete. However, the experiments support the pilot wave theory at far field. The experiments in this article confirm the conclusions of the previous modified double slit experiments. But, the experimental devices, experimental setups and experimental observations are totally different. The experiments in this article make the mystery of the double slit experiments even more mysterious. The photon chamber is inexpensive and may be used to study the nature of the light.
A BIM-Based Algorithm for Real-Time Quantitative Monitoring of Temperature Distribution during Breast Hyperthermia Treatments
Authors: Onal Hulusi , Akinci Mehmet Nuri , Yilmaz Tuba
Published: July 2022

Microwave hyperthermia (MH) treatment for breast cancer is a research interest due to its capability to initiate cell necrosis in malignant tumor or to enhance the effect of other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy. The goal of MH treatment is to increase temperature of malignant tumor up to 45°C based on the treatment plan; however, microwave energy focusing is a challenging problem and may cause unwanted hotspots on healthy tissues. Therefore, there is a need to monitor the temperature to ensure that tumor and healthy tissues are at desired temperatures. In this paper, an iterative differential microwave imaging algorithm for temperature monitoring is presented. The algorithm is based on Born iterative method (BIM) and Tikhonov regularization. Feasibility of the algorithm is shown computationally using realistic digital breast phantoms via (i) TMz polarized 2-D scattered fields; and (ii) scattered fields calibrated from scattering parameters, which are obtained by a 3-D electromagnetic simulation program. An approach for selection of matching medium in hyperthermia monitoring applications is also presented. The reconstructions are performed with scattered field data collected at 11 discrete frequency points uniformly taken from the 0.5-1.5 GHz range. For a specific heating scenario, reconstruction error is lower than 0.3% with ±10% noise on reference dielectric property distribution and 35 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR). The results show that the proposed approach provides up to 3°C and 0.1°C resolution in temperature estimation with ±10\% noise on reference dielectric property distribution for 25 dB and 55 dB SNR values, respectively.
The Shannon Information Capacity of an Arbitrary Radiating Surface: An Electromagnetic Approach
Authors: Mikki Said
Published: July 2022

Utilizing a crossdisciplinary approach, we explore Shannon information-theoretic characterizations of the information capacity limits of generic electromagnetic surfaces intended for possible use in wireless communication links. Our principal task is to first formulate at a general and rigorous level the electromagnetic theory of the information that can be extracted from the Maxwellian fields radiated by an arbitrarily-shaped continuous surface. This is then followed by a detailed derivation and illustration of practical physics-informed algorithms for computing approximations of the Shannon capacity of surfaces with any given geometry operating in Gaussian (AWGN) channels. Our formalism can address both near- and far-field information capacity scenarios, with a mathematical treatment that includes a complete characterization of the source-field polarization structure, mutual coupling, and interactions.
Evaluation of artificial intelligence models for daily prediction of reference evapotranspiration using temperature, rainfall and relative humidity in a warm sub-humid environment
Authors: Quej Victor H. , Castillo Crescencio de la Cruz , Almorox Javier , Rivera-Hernandez Benigno
Published: July 2022

Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration is essential for agricultural management and water resources engineering applications. In the present study, the ability and precision of three artificial intelligence (AI) models (i.e., Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost)) were assessed for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) using limited weather data from five locations in a warm sub-humid climate in Mexico. The Penman–Monteith FAO-56 equation was used as a reference target for ET0 values. Three different input combinations were investigated, namely: temperature-based (minimum and maximum air temperature), rainfall-based (minimum air temperature, maximum air temperature and rainfall), and relative humidity-based (minimum air temperature, maximum air temperature and relative humidity). Extraterrestrial radiation values were used in all combinations. The temperature-based AI models were compared with the conventional Hargreaves–Samani (HS) model commonly used to estimate ET0 when only temperature records are available. The goodness of fit for all models was assessed in terms of the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results showed that among the AI models evaluated, the SVM models outperformed ANFIS and CatBoost for modeling ET0. Further, the influence of relative humidity and rainfall on the performance of the models was investigated. The analysis indicated that relative humidity significantly improved the accuracy of the models. Finally, the results showed a better response of the temperature-based AI models over the HS method. AI models can be an adequate alternative to conventional models for ET0 modeling.
Kant on mathematical axioms
Authors: Martinez Luciana
Published: July 2022

This article is intended to explain the notion of “mathematical axioms” presented in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason.This notion is developed mainly within the framework of a justification of the thesis of the methodological dualism of the rational sciences (mathematics and metaphysics). We argue that there are significant differences between the critical notion of mathematical axioms, the pre-critical developments and the Wolffian definitions. The notion of “axiom” that Kant intends to take from mathematical procedures is inscribed in his peculiar way of thinking this science. This paper studies the considerations of (i) Wolff’s mathematical texts, (ii) the pre-critical texts and (iii) the Critique of Pure Reason, and mentions the differences between them in the conclusion.
Der Kosmopolit in der Begegnung mit der fremden Vernunft
Authors: Nieland Torsten
Published: July 2022

Abstract. In Kants Gesamtwerk stehen Vernunftkritik, objektives Erkenntnisvermögen, subjektive Erkenntnis, Ethik, Aufklärung Öffentlichkeit und politische Teleologie in einem konsistenten Zusammenhang. Dieser wird in diesem Beitrag aufgezeigt. Anschließend wird die besondere Bedeutung des Kosmopoliten in allen Bereichen dieses Zusammenhangs herausgestellt.
Uma Prática Pedagógica para o Ensino de Probabilidade com o Aporte da História da Matemática
Authors: Kachel Gabriel , Sad Lígia
Published: July 2022

A probabilidade, como campo relacionado à matemática, estuda os fenômenos aleatórios. Diversos são os vestígios do passado sobre o pensamento probabilístico e muitos estudiosos se ocuparam com problemas e situações desse tipo. Todavia, um marco na teoria das probabilidades é a troca de cartas entre os estudiosos franceses Blaise Pascal e Pierre Fermat. Considerando isso, selecionamos um fragmento de uma dessas cartas, que trata sobre o problema dos pontos (divisão da aposta entre jogadores), para elaborar e aplicar uma prática pedagógica para o ensino de probabilidade com o aporte da História da Matemática. Após o estudo do fragmento da carta, foi realizada a proposta de um jogo de roleta no qual a tomada de decisão pelos estudantes está relacionada com as chances favoráveis, apresentando diferenças e similaridades com o problema dos pontos. As aulas foram avaliadas de forma positiva pelos estudantes, contribuindo com o ensino e a aprendizagem da probabilidade.
Complications of Microvascular Decompression in patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Amjad Qaisarani  , Rizwan AhmedK han  , Irfan Sheikh  , Fayyaz Madiha
Published: July 2022

Objective:  To determine the frequency of complications of microvascular decompression for patients with trigeminal neuralgia undergoing surgical decompression.
Materials and Methods:  A descriptive case study was carried out in the Neurosurgery Unit 1, Lahore General Hospital. The study included 80 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Informed consent was obtained and possible outcomes and complications of surgery were explained beforehand to the patients. Demographic details were noted. Surgical site infection, CSF leak, Facial numbness, Facial palsy, Hearing impairment, and Postoperative hematoma as complications were assessed. The presence of complications was recorded. Data was stratified for age and gender from. Chi-square was used as a statistical test, taking a p-value ?0.05 as the level of significance.
Results:  The study included 80 patients. The mean age of the patients was 40.8 ± 11.7 years. Overall complications were reported in 21 (26.3%) patients. Distribution of complications was as follows; surgical site infection 2 (9.5%), CSF leak (19.0%), facial palsy 5 (23.8%), facial numbness 9 (42.9%), hearing impairment 2 (9.5%) and post-operative hematoma 5 (23.8%).
Conclusion:  Microvascular decompression (MVD) is recommended neurosurgical procedure for medically refractory patients with trigeminal pain if there is no contraindication for surgery. Surgical complications can be minimized by meticulous surgery resulting in adequate tissue respect. Another means to get better and long-lasting results with fewer complications is by using an autologous muscle graft.
Frequency of SCF Leakage in Post-operative Patients of Tethered Spinal Cord in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rehman Muhammad Abdur , Aziz Junaid , Asghar Inamullah , Anwar Taimoor , Wahab Anum , Hussain Muhammad Akmal
Published: July 2022

Objective:  The study aimed to report the incidence of CSF leakage in patients with a tethered spinal cord, post-operatively.
Materials and Methods:  A total of 75 individuals aged more than 2 years and of either gender who were hospitalized for surgery for tethered cord syndrome were included. All patients had a preoperative MRI of the spine, and those above the age of 6 had urodynamic tests. Clinical evaluations were performed until hospital release, then again at 3, 6, and 12 months. Urodynamic tests and spine MRIs were redone one year following surgery. Under general anesthesia, all patients had microscopic untethering procedures to release tethering materials and heal the thecal sac.
Results:  52% of patients fall under TCS type ‘simple’, whereas, 48% of patients found with complex TCS. The frequency of CSF leakage in post-operative patients with a tethered spinal cord was found in 17.33%. No CSF leak was reported in the majority of patients (49%) patients in the age group 2-30 years. 52% of patients with simple TCS reported no CSF leak, whereas, only 13(18%) patients with complex TCS reported CSF leaks. 40% of patients reported no CSF leak who was diagnosed with complex TCS. There existed a significant relationship between the types of TCS (simple/complex) for CSF leak distribution.
Conclusion:  This study concluded that the frequency of CSF leakage in post-operative patients with tethered spinal cord was found in 17.33% of patients.
Keywords:  Tethered Spinal Cord (TCS), CSF Leakage, Lipomyelomeningocele.
Per-Operative External Ventricular Drainage Results in Children with Posterior Fossa Tumors and Hydrocephalus
Authors: Abdul Mannan Aftab  , Abdul Aziz Khan  , Khalid Zadran  , Aamir Zaman
Published: July 2022

Objective:  We determined the outcome of per operational external ventricular drainage in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors and hydrocephalus.

Material And Methods:  54 patients included presenting with posterior fossa tumors and mild to moderate hydrocephalous were considered for per operative external ventricular drainage. The external ventricular drain was then weaned off in one week. If it cannot be removed due to persistent hydrocephalous it was converted into a permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Results:  In the study, the mean age was 7 years. Twenty-seven children had ependymoma, 19% of children had medulloblastoma, and 54% of children had pilocytic astrocytoma. Moreover, 67% of children had weaned off and 33% of children had converted to VP shunt. There existed an insignificant difference in the outcome (yes/ no) concerning age groups, gender, and tumor type.

Conclusion:  Our study concludes that the outcome of per operative external ventricular drainage was weaned off (67%) and converted to VP shunt (33%) in pediatrics with posterior fossa tumors and hydrocephalous.
Multidisciplinary Management and Outcome of Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Tumors
Authors: Samra Majeed  , Fareeha Majid  , Nayyara Tahir  , Waqar Azim  , Azam Niaz  , Azam Niaz  , Anjum Habib Vohra
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Objective:  About fifteen percent of the primary CNS tumors are intraspinal. About two-thirds of tumors are intradural extramedullary (IDEM). This study was conducted to review the outcome of operative management of intradural extramedullary tumors in correlation with the factors, both clinical & histopathological, influencing the neurology of patients & prognosis.

Materials and Methods:  It was a multicenter study including 42 patients conducted from December 2018 to December 2020. All patients were diagnosed by MRI with and without contrast. Patients were surgically treated & analyzed for clinical features i.e., pain by visual analog scale (VAS) & neurology by modified McCormick scale both preoperatively & post-operatively. Clinical features & outcomes were correlated with tumor size & histopathology. p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:  This study included 42 cases. The most common diagnosis was schwannoma (76.19%). The average intradural space occupied at presentation was 82%. The most common location was dorsal (90.4%). The visual analog score for pain (VAS) improved in all patients post-operatively from 7 ± 1.9 to 2 ± 0.8 (p = 0.003) & modified McCormick scale from 3.0 ± 1.3 to 2.0 ± 1.0 (p = 0.005). The preoperative symptoms were correlated with the only size of the tumor occupying the intradural space (VAS p = 0.021, modified McCormick scale p = 0.018).

Conclusion:  All the tumors excised showed some improvement in neurological status. Therefore, all patients diagnosed with IDEM should be operated on even if present with prolonged symptoms or severe neurological compromise.

Keywords:  Intradural Extramedullary, Meningioma, Schwannoma, Intraspinal.
Short-Term Complications of Microscopic Trans Nasal Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenomectomy
Authors: Samra Majeed  , Sana Majeed  , Muhammad Umair  , Shahzaib Tasdique  , Waqas Mehdi  , Anjum Habib Vohra
Published: July 2022

Background/Objective:   The commonest of pituitary gland tumors is pituitary adenoma which may be excised transcranially or trans nasal trans sphenoidal using either microscope or endoscope, in this study, the microscope was used. The objective was to see the short-term outcome of patients after microscopic transnasal trans-sphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy.

Material & Methods:  This was a descriptive prospective study carried out from July 2019 to July 2021. 80 cases were included. All patients were investigated by contrast brain MRI, hormonal assay for pituitary gland & visual perimetry. Patients were evaluated for complications at 48 hours and 7 days.

Results:  Mean age of the study population was 41.78 ± 11.75 years. There were 61 (76%) men & 19 (24%) women. 55 (68.8%) patients had functioning and 25 (3.3%) patients had nonfunctioning adenoma. Among 33 (41.3%) patients size of the adenoma was < 0.9 cm and 47 (58.8%) patients had adenoma > 1.0 cm. 12 patients had CSF leaks within 48 hours of surgery and 5 had a persistent leak on the 7th day. No statistically significant association was seen between age, gender, and size of adenoma and persistent CSF leak (P > 0.05). Diabetes insipidus was found in 9 patients. 3 had post-operative hematoma, 01 patient had meningitis and 2 patients died.

Conclusion:  microscopic transnasal trans-sphenoidal surgery is a safe procedure yet associated with significant complications.
Increment of High-Grade Gliomas Among Pediatric and Young Adult Population
Authors: Peer Asad Aziz  , Muhammad Hamid Ali  , Sanaullah Pathan  , Mubarak Hussain  , Suhail Ahmed Aghani  , Riaz Ahmed Raja
Published: July 2022

Background/Objective:  Glioblastomas are among the commonest primary brain cancers. This study aimed to assess the trend shift of high-grade glioma in our setting among the young and pediatric population.

Materials and Methods:  This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study; it was carried out at the Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, between duration. All cases with suspected brain tumors, irrespective of age or gender were assessed for glioblastoma. Once a solid tumor was identified on imaging with consistent features of glioblastoma, a provisional diagnosis was established. After that, the patient underwent a brain biopsy. Patients' gender, demographics, clinical presentation, radiologic records, etc. were collected in a predefined proforma.

Results:  22 patients were diagnosed with glioblastoma with a high frequency of patients between the age range of 20 to 30 years. The most common location of the tumor was subcortical near the midline. There was slight male predominance. 8 patients had levels of KPS at presentation < 70 and among those two were infants, four were in a vegetative state, and two had a loss of consciousness secondary to increased intracranial pressure. The recurrence rate among those who came back for follow-ups was 27.2%.

Conclusion:  Though it is a short study with short follow-up results were astonishing due to perhaps trend shift among Glioblastoma patients, a further detailed workup is needed in different dimensions especially molecular level and genetics to know exactly about the disease and the national registry should be carried and alarmed to identify the problem at once, counter effectively and make a future strategy.
Impact of Bronchoscopic Lavage and Aggressive Chest Physiotherapy on Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score of Patients of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Usman Ahmed Kamboh  , Nabeel Choudhary  , Mehwish Manzoor  , Asif Raza  , Ghulam Naseer-ud-Din  , Muhammad Adeel Rauf
Published: July 2022

Introduction:  Traumatic brain injury patients present in the emergency room with a variable conscious status depending upon the severity of the injury. The process of aspiration starts from the scene of trauma as the patients with Traumatic brain injury and chest trauma have higher rates of aspiration pneumonia.

Materials and Methods:  We conducted a prospective study to assess the impact of bronchoscopy lavage and aggressive chest physiotherapy on the Critical Pulmonary Infection Score of Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the Neurocritical Care Unit. Patients with severe traumatic brain injury who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Patients of both genders, ages ranging from 05 – 70 years were included in the study.

Results:  48 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. 8 patients expired before 7 days and were excluded from the study. 88% were male and 12 % were females. Out of 40 patients, 30 were ventilated and 10 were managed without ventilation. Brain contusion was the most common CT scan finding. Out of 40 patients, 18 underwent surgical intervention, with decompressive hemicraniectomy being the most commonly performed procedure. Out of 40 patients, 32 patients underwent bronchoscopy. 8 patients out of 32 had more than two sessions of bronchoscopy.

Conclusion:  As Critical Pulmonary Infection Score is an important indicator for pneumonia in the neurocritical care unit, the importance of standardized chest care with the help of bronchoscopic lavage and chest physiotherapy in keeping the Critical Pulmonary Infection Score on the lower side can prevent patients from developing life-threatening pneumonia.
MENJAWAB FENOMENA RABUN SASTRA MELALUI PROYEK ALIH WAHANA PADA ERA MERDEKA BELAJAR
Authors: Haryanto Muhamad , Pristiwati Rahayu , Subyantoro Subyantoro
Published: July 2022

Apresiasi dan ekspresi sastra adalah kunci terbentuknya pengalaman bersastra. Akan tetapi, aktivitas pembelajaran masih sebatas dominasi menghafal, mengerjakan soal, mencatat, dan mendengarkan ceramah. Minimnya pengalaman bersastra membuat siswa mengalamai rabun sastra. Di sisi lain, merdeka belajar ingin mewujudkan kemerdekaan berpikir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjawab fenomena rabun sastra melalui sinkronisasi antara “Merdeka Belajar” dengan proyek (penugasan) alih wahana sastra.   Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan studi kepustakaan (library research). Langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini, yakni dengan memilih topik, mengeksplorasi informasi, menentukan fokus penelitian, pengumpulan data, dan penyajian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proyek alih wahana sastra mampu menjadi sarana pengalaman bersastra. Mampu mendekatkan ke arah kemerdekaan belajar, kemerdekaan berkreasi dan kompetensi multiliterasi. Melalui proses interpretasi dansaling berbagi gagasan dalam proyek alih wahana maka konsep “semua murid-semua guru” dalam merdeka belajar juga akan tercapai. Kata kunci: alih wahana, merdeka belajar, multiliterasi, rabun sastra
MIMIKRI, HIBRIDITAS, DAN AMBIVALENSI DALAM CERPEN “KITA GENDONG BERGANTIAN” KARYA BUDI DARMA: KAJIAN PASCAKOLONIAL
Authors: Setyawan Eko , W. S. Dimas Ridho
Published: July 2022

Pascakolonial memberi pengaruh dan dampak dalam kehidupan masyarakat di tanah bekas jajahan. Dampak tersebut juga tercermin dalam “Kita Gendong Bergantian” karya Budi Darma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan bentuk-bentuk dampak dan pengaruh pascakolonial yang berupa mimikri, hibriditas, dan ambivalensi. Metode yang digunakan meliputi tahapan identifikasi, kategorisasi, dan interpretasi. Teori yang digunakan berfokus pada teori Homi K. Bhabha dengan hasil penelitian berupa mimikri yang dilakukan oleh kelompok subordinasi, yakni cara berpakaian dan penggunaan aksesoris serta sumber bahan bakar dan makanan. Hibriditas berupa penghormatan dan upacara, perilaku kekerasan fisik dan verbal, serta pemberian perintah tidak logis. Ambivalensi berupa ketidaksampaian pada tahap peniruan penjajah dan berujung pada peringatan dari sesama pihak subordinasi dengan tujuan menyadarkan bahwa tindakan yang dilakukan adalah sesuatu yang sia-sia.Kata kunci: ambivalensi, cerpen, hibriditas, mimikri, pascakolonial
Pembingkaian Wacana Normalisasi Hubungan Israel-Uni Emirat Arab pada Media Massa di Indonesia dan Prancis (Discourse Framing of Israel-United Arab Emirat Relations Normalization in Indonesia and France Mass Media)

Authors: Alfiyaturrohmaniyyah Siti , Subiyantoro Subiyantoro
Published: July 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pembingkaian berita dari dua surat kabar daring yang berasal dari dua negara yang berbeda, yakni Prancis dan Indonesia. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan teks berita tentang normalisasi hubungan antara Israel dan Uni Emirat Arab (UEA) yang dimuat oleh media Prancis, Le Monde dan media Indonesia, Jawa Pos. Upaya normalisasi tersebut sangat erat kaitannya dengan isu aneksasi wilayah Palestina yang dilakukan oleh Israel. Penelitian ini menelaah struktur pembingkaian berita yang dilakukan oleh dua media tersebut berdasarkan teori Pan Kosicki.Temuan penelitian kualitatif ini memperlihatkan kecenderungan bahwa salah satu media asal Prancis tersebut memperlihatkan dukungannya terhadap upaya normalisasi hubungan antara UEA dan Israel. Di sisi lain, media Jawa Pos memperlihatkan sikap yang merepresentasikan bahwa media tersebut tidak mendukung upaya normalisasi hubungan antardua negara tersebut karena menganggap upaya tersebut akan sangat merugikan Palestina. This article aims to examine the news framing published by two different online newspapers, Le Monde (France) and Jawa Pos (Indonesia). The data used in this study are news texts about relationship normalization effort between Israel and (UAE) published by two media. That normalization effort is closely related to the issue of the Palestinian territories annexation carried out by Israel. The data analyzed using the theory Pan Kosicki. The findings of the study show a tendency that Le Monde, shows that the media support an effort to normalize relationship between the UAE and Israel. In contrast, the Jawa Pos media did not support that effort to normalize relationship between UEA and Israel because they thought that such efforts would provide very detrimental impacts to Palestine.
Fungsi Komunikatif Wacana Mural Bertema Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 di Media Daring dalam Pendekatan Pragmatik (Communicative Function of Mural Discourse Themed on Handling the Covid-19 Pandemic in Online Media in a Pragmatic Approach)

Authors: Wardianto Bayu Suta , Supriyono Supriyono , Kurniawan Heru
Published: July 2022

Mural menjadi salah satu media yang digunakan dalam komunikasi antara seniman dan pembacanya. Sebagai salah satu media yang informatif, mural coba mengungkapkan informasi dari isu-isu terkini yang berkaitan dengan masyarakat. Dalam kajian pragmatik, mural merupakan bentuk tuturan yang dapat dianalisis menggunakan tindak tutur ekspresif untuk mengungkapkan maknanya. Penelitian ini membahas tentang fungsi komunikatif yang disampaikan dalam tuturan mural. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, yaitu kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang diteliti berupa tuturan yang terdapat pada mural bertema penanganan pandemi covid-19 di media daring. Teknik yang diterapkan pada pengolahan serta analisis data, yaitu dengan tahapan mengumpulkan, mereduksi, dan menyajikan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mural yang bertema penanganan pandemi covid-19 menunjukkan fungsi komunikatif berupa mengkritik, mengeluh, menyalahkan, serta mengucapkan terima kasih sebagai pesan yang disampaikan oleh seniman mural kepada pembacanya. Murals are one of the media used in communication between people and their readers. As one of the informative media, murals try to reveal information from current issues related to society. In pragmatic studies, murals are a form of speech that can be analyzed using expressive speech actions to express their meaning. This research discusses the communicative function conveyed in mural speech. The research method used in this study is qualitatively descriptive. The data studied is in the form of speech contained in murals themed on handling the Covid-19 pandemic in online media. Techniques applied to data processing and analysis are the stages of collecting, reducing, and presenting data. The results of this study showed that murals themed on handling the Covid-19 pandemic showed communicative functions in the form of criticize, complaining, blaming, and saying thank you as a message conveyed by mural artists to their readers.
Metodologia Científica: Minicurso realizado por um Clube de Ciências durante a pandemia
Authors: Dos Reis Rodrigues Matheus Felipe , Costa Fernanda de Jesus
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho objetiva relatar o desenvolvimento de um minicurso sobre o método científico promovido pelo Clube de Ciências da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG – Unidade Ibirité) com estudantes do Ensino Médio de algumas instituições de ensino da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. O minicurso foi realizado em cinco dias de maneira síncrona e assíncrona no ambiente virtual na plataforma Google Meet em decorrência da pandemia da Covid-19. Para atingir seu objetivo, foi adotada a metodologia de Ensino por Investigação para apresentar algumas temáticas atuais da área de Biologia de grande relevância social, econômica e ambiental. Outras plataformas virtuais como Mentimeter e Google Forms foram utilizados para proporcionarem um processo mais atrativo e prático no desenvolvimento do curso. Ao final, foi observado que os estudantes tiveram interesse pelo conteúdo e sinalizaram aspectos positivos sobre as metodologias adotadas e as temáticas abordadas, porém, a falta de acesso à internet de qualidade foi um fator que dificultou a participação assídua dos participantes.