bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiografía de los modelos de acreditación: el caso de las universidades Austral de Chile, de la Frontera y de Los Lagos.
Authors: Venables Juan Pablo , Van Gastel Jilles
Published: August 2018

The establishment of quality assurance policies in Chile has necessitated the development of systems and mechanisms to address them. Institutions have created their own mechanisms, however, revealing that a systematic approach is missing that would enable these experiences to transform into learning opportunities for the system as a whole, beyond the enclosed walls of each institution. Utilizing a sociological approach, this article aims to understand, present and analyze by way of comparative research, the distinct "organization methodsâ€ for the institutional accreditation processes developed by the Universities Austral of Chile, Frontera and Lagos. This article will attempt to reveal the variation in existing "organization methodsâ€ and emphasize that this diversity can be explained by understanding the internalization of the Legislation Nº 20.129 by the Institutions of Higher Learning as a process of "translationâ€ and "significanceâ€. In conclusion, particularities of each case and experiences in common will be presented, along with the identification of good practices and ongoing challenges, as much for these universities in particular, as for the world of Institutions of Higher Learning collectively.
El estudio de las prácticas educativas y su relevancia para el análisis de procesos de formación en docencia universitaria.
Authors: Chávez Jorge , Jaramillo Claudia
Published: August 2018

This article aims to present a theoretical and methodological framework that allows for a better understanding of the training processes in university teaching, from a theoretical perspective of a sociocultural orientation. This perspective considers learning as a social construction of meanings and teaching as a process of planned, systematic and sustained support for this construction process. In this context, it is of particular relevance to provide a framework that allows for the description and understanding of the organization of the different components that should be included in the preparation of university professors, given the efforts made by universities to make the processes of teaching and learning the center of their academic activities.
Hacia un marco analítico y metodológico para la evaluación del mejoramiento educativo en escuelas chilenas
Authors: De la Vega Luis Felipe
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the results of a study that aimed to develop a methodological approach to evaluate improvement process results in Chilean Schools. To this objective, the multicriteria analysis methodology Analytical Hierarchical Process AHP was applied. This is a tool that identifies criteria for the evaluation of a phenomenon considering the identification and the discussion of experts. In this case, the experts consulted were teachers, school principals, technical advisors and scholars, who discussed and analyzed the characteristics of school improvement in Chilean Schools. As a result of the investigation was possible to develop a hierarchical matrix with evaluation criteria, validated by experts, and propose indicators and information resources that allowed to implementing the evaluation process. Finally, an analysis of the results of the research, weakness and projections for this methodology implementation in different contexts was made.Â
Profesionalización de la gestión desde el Programa Gaucho de Calidad y Productividad: el caso de UNILASALLE de Brasil
Authors: Fossatti Paulo , Vieira de Souza Renaldo , Ganga Francisco
Published: August 2018

It is undeniable that over the past few years we have witnessed a repositioning of the importance of the development of human capital and advanced strategic management in organizations. Given this reality, this study's central objective is to analyze the results of the Gaucho Program of Quality and Productivity (PGQP) in the professionalization of the management of the University, Unilasalle Canoas, Brazil. It is a qualitative case study, with a documentary analysis of: Institutional Development Plan (IDP); Management Report on the Gaucho Program of Quality and Productivity -RG-PGQP 2013 (by its Portuguese acronym)- and the Report Balanced Scorecard (BSC) 2010-2013. The results are translated into speeches and emerging practices for the criteria of the PGQP that contribute to the professionalization of the university management model of Unilasalle: leadership, strategies and plans, client, society, information and knowledge, people, processes and results. The results suggest the consolidation of the management processes of the institution from the respective tool in analysis.
Beca Nivelación Académica: la experiencia de una política pública aplicada en una universidad chilena
Authors: Micin Sonia , Farias Natalia , Carreño Beatriz , Urzúa Sergio
Published: August 2018

This work corresponds to the systematization of the Accompaniment Program developed by the San Sebastian University in 2012 and 2013 as part of the allocation of the Leveling Academic Scholarship (BNA) granted by the Ministry of Education of Chile (Mineduc). We estimate that this study, which incorporates academic results with the beneficiaries own assessments, broadens the scope of a public policy that has oriented the efforts of the institutions to ensure equity in access and retention in higher education in Chile. After characterizing the beneficiary group, we describe the intervention and itsimpact on retention, curricular advancement and academic performance of the participants. These results are complemented by a qualitative assessment about the  students’ experiences in the program. Finally, we reflect on the lessons learned from this intervention at the  institutional level and the need for increased escalation of this public policy which recognizes students' academic performance and potential in consideration of their socio-economic context.
Evaluación de It's My Turn, una herramienta de autoaprendizaje de inglés como lengua extranjera para contextos rurales de Chile.
Authors: Lizasoain Andrea , Ortiz de Zárate Amalia , Véliz Mauricio , Luci Andrea , Rojas-Mora Julio
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the results of a study that tested the effectiveness of a self-learning program implemented by the Chilean Ministry of Education, It's my Turn, to promote English learning in rural contexts, throughout Chile. Student learning was measured in 10 rural schools (N students =120) in the Metropolitan Region (Santiago Capital). Pre- and post-tests were used to measure learning; observations were carried out to examine the actual use of the learning resource in the classroom; and questionnaires were applied to find out the teachers' perceptions of the program. A t-test yielded a significant difference between the pre- and post-tests (p < 0,0001). Classroom observations evidenced that teachers used the program in various ways, and the questionnaires showed that teachers have different views on the program's effectiveness. The combination of quantitative and qualitative results leads to the conclusion that the program does favor learning, but also suggests the need for changes in its implementation.
Publicidad engañosa en educación superior: definiciones, regulación y una revisión de la publicidad en prensa escrita
Authors: Zapata Gonzalo , Tejeda Ivo
Published: August 2018

This paper summarizes part of a project that addresses the issue of misleading advertising in Chilean universities. Through reviewing the literature, examining newspaper advertising and the opinion of specialists and students, this work offers a conceptual framework, an overview of newspaper advertising and its regulation in Chile, and a discussion of its scope from a public policy perspective. The regulation of advertising -and the promotion of information and transparency, in general- is crucial for laying a foundation of trust in the higher education system. We suggest not only greater state control but also a strong self-regulation and empowerment of students and other stakeholders.
Qué y cuánto aprenden de matemáticas los estudiantes de básica con el método Singapur: evaluación de impacto y de factores incidentes en el aprendizaje, enfatizando en la brecha de género.
Authors: Espinoza Lorena , Matus Claudia , Barbe Joaquim , Fuentes Jennypher , Márquez Felipe
Published: August 2018

One of the most prevalent issues in math education in Chile is low achievement on national and international evaluations. It is partially explained by the traditional teaching methods, which are focused on very specific procedures instead of developing mathematical reasoning in all of its diverse aspects and meanings. Moreover, the test results show a significant gender gap in this area. Considering the need to correct this situation, this team, from The University of Santiago, is developing a consulting program for schools on the Singapore math method. This experience allowed the gathering of enough evidence to conduct a study that may provide information on its potential effectiveness. The results show a positive impact on student learning, along with significantly shrinking the gender gap, at the schools which used this method. Similarly, the method's textbooks are consistent and coherent with the national curriculum, covering most of the material. Teachers' capacity and an institutional organization aligned with the method's demands are relevant factors that favor its' appropriation. The resistance to change in the teaching paradigm presents one of the greatest obstacles.
Choice System en Chile: Determinantes del cambio de escuela
Authors: Canals Catalina
Published: August 2018

Choice System theorists (Friedman, Chubb, Moe, among others) argued that competition between schools in school markets and the search for a match between the needs of the student and those of the school, are two factors that could affect school switching. This article analyzes the effect of competition and the changes in schools' characteristics that could affect this school-student fit, in school switching in Chile from 2005 to 2012. The findings support the effect the change of certain school characteristics could have on school switching, proclaimed by the Choice System theorists. However, no evidence was found that competition influences school switching, among schools from the same municipality.
Formación inicial docente para la Educación Inclusiva. Análisis de tres programas chilenos de pedagogía en Educación Básica que incorporan la perspectiva de la educación inclusiva
Authors: San Martín Constanza , Villalobos Cristóbal , Muñoz Carla , Wyman Ignacio
Published: August 2018

This article explores the importance of inclusive education in pre-service training by examining three academic programs focused on Pedagogy in Elementary Education in the Chilean higher education system that incorporate elements of inclusive education in their descriptions and profiles. Specifically, the research seeks to understand how to inclusive education is defined in the curriculum of these programs and how they include this dimension in the educational training of these students. Using mixed methods approach, the study analyzes the professional profiles and the curricula of each academic program. This analysis is contrasted with the discourse of directors and teachers from each of the programs. The results show that the most programs develop an approach towards inclusive education is based more heavily in theoretical discourse rather than in the implementation of specific teaching practices. Furthermore, the results show that programs incorporate the concept of inclusive education only in relation to specific subjects, without developing a transversal vision of the topic. Additionally, the study did not find high levels of internal consistency regarding what is meant by inclusive education and how this should be developed for initial training of teachers in the programs analyzed.
Gestión institucional, involucramiento docente y de padres de familia en escuelas públicas de México
Authors: Acevedo Carlos , Valenti Giovanna , Aguiñaga Eduardo
Published: August 2018

This research focuses on the effects of teacher and parental involvement and institutional management on student academic performance. This work was based on information from the databases of the National Assessment of Academic Achievement in School Centers (ENLACE 2012 exam) and the questionnaire CONTEXT 2012 applied to fourth and sixth graders in Mexican public schools, controlling for socioeconomic and cultural variables. The analysis finds that both teacher and parent involvement produce a positive influence on student academic performance, with teacher involvement as the most important school influence. On the other hand, none of the institutional management variables is significant. Upon exploring whether institutional management and parental interest affect student achievement through increasing teacher involvement, it was observed that while greater parental interest raises teacher involvement, only those individual benefits granted to the teachers have this effect. This study concludes with a reflection on the non-significance of the remaining institutional management variables that, according to the literature are central to school improvement.
Adaptación académica de estudiantes migrantes en contexto de frontera
Authors: Bustos Raúl , Gairín Joaquín
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study is to analyze the academic adaptation process experienced by migrant students in elementary and secondary schools in the city of Arica, a research context characterized by its close proximity to an international border. This study takes on a qualitative approach to appreciate reality as it is constructed from perspective of migrant students. The data collected includes two focus groups and fifteen in-depth interviews. The focus groups gathered input from teachers who work in educational establishments with migrant students and parents of migrant students that attend educational establishments in the city of Arica. The interviews were conducted on school leaders as well as migrant students and in the latter case, maintained an autobiographical focus. An open coding technique was applied to analyze content based on strings of text. The results indicate that the context studied demonstrates limited predisposition to accept interculturality. The schools are based on the premise that it is the student who must adapt to the school system and take on the task of standardizing their own behavior. This fact is justified by the positive learning outcomes obtained by the group of students that are able to do so.Â
Las violencias escolares en el escenario educativo chileno. Análisis crítico del estado del arte
Authors: Neut Pablo
Published: August 2018

The educational field has not remained indifferent to the democratic precepts prevailing in Chile over the last decades. In this context, the subject of school violence, upon transgressing said precepts, represents a problem that has generated significant interest among academics, the media and the general public. This topic, however, has been addressed with high levels of theoretical, conceptual and even empirical confusion. The main objective of this paper is to critically analyze studies on understanding school violence in the national educational context. This investigation conducts a critical review of theoretical matrices that have been applied to analyze this phenomenon and defines constructs of violence that emerge and are reproduced in schools. This study will be used to clarify this phenomenon, and simultaneously contribute to the field of research on the study of school violence in Chile.
Educación parvularia chilena: efectos por género y años de participación
Authors: Cortázar Alejandra , Vielma Constanza
Published: August 2018

The present study aims to estimate the effect of Chilean public early childhood education on the academic outcomes of 4th grade children on the Education Quality Measurement System (Simce, for its abbreviation in Spanish). The study seeks to understand if these effects vary according to the child's gender and by the number of years of participation in early childhood education. Through Propensity Score Matching, it is observed that attending public early childhood education positively affects 4th grade academic results in Mathematics and Language. The early childhood education effect was greater for boys than for girls, and for those who assisted Transition Level 1.
Diversidad y diferenciación en la oferta de programas de doctorado en Chile
Authors: Baeza Pablo
Published: August 2018

The article explores the processes of differentiation and diversity in PhD program offerings in Chile. Based on a review of literature in the field, the concepts of differentiation and diversity in this context are defined. The methodological strategy combines a diachronic perspective -in order to identify the processes of differentiation over time- with a synchronic one, to analyze the current state of diversity, and incorporates several key variables: educational policy, academic-institutional environment, funding, regional coverage and quality assurance experience. The study's conclusions point to the importance of the 1980 educational reform in creating favorable conditions for a differentiation in PhD options; the relevance of the academic-institutional environment and state funding in the development of PhD programs; the consensus generated among programs regarding the processes of quality assurance; and the imbalance in terms of quality and areas of knowledge on doctoral offerings, between regions.
Idoneidad disciplinar de los profesores y mercado de horas docentes en Chile
Authors: Medeiros María Paz , Gómez Constanza , Sánchez María Jesús , Orrego Vanessa
Published: August 2018

The present study describes the out-of-field teaching situation, in Chile, and addresses in-depth the selection and assignment mechanisms of Chile's teachers. It estimates the current situation of the teacher's market and analyzes the effect that could result from the implementation of greater selectivity to enter the teaching profession and changes regarding non-teaching hours, as defined in the new education policy concerning teachers (Política Nacional Docente, PND). The results indicate that there is still a considerable number of hours that are not being taught by teachers with the required specialty or level. The estimates further reveal that the proposed changes, for example, an increase in the proportion of non-teaching hours and greater selectivity in the initial teacher training programs could generate an impact on the supply and demand of teaching hours. If current conditions are maintained, the policy could produce a severe deficit scenario. If, however, the profession's attractiveness increases, due to improved conditions in the teaching profession, the scenario could be less dire and perhaps even accrue a surplus. Finally, we offer recommendations to improve the implementation of these important and necessary changes for the teaching profession.
The identification of a subgroup of children with traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage at low risk of neuroworsening
Authors: Dalle Ore Cecilia L. , Rennert Robert C. , Schupper Alexander J. , Gabel Brandon C. , Gonda David , Peterson Bradley , Marshall Lawrence F. , Levy Michael , Meltzer Hal S.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Pediatric traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) often results in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, the performance of additional diagnostic studies, and ICU-level therapeutic interventions to identify and prevent episodes of neuroworsening.

METHODS

Data prospectively collected in an institutionally specific trauma registry between 2006 and 2015 were supplemented with a retrospective chart review of children admitted with isolated traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) and an admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13–15. Risk of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) was calculated using the BCVI clinical prediction score.

RESULTS

Three hundred seventeen of 10,395 pediatric trauma patients were admitted with tSAH. Of the 317 patients with tSAH, 51 children (16%, 23 female, 28 male) were identified with isolated tSAH without midline shift on neuroimaging and a GCS score of 13–15 at presentation. The median patient age was 4 years (range 18 days to 15 years). Seven had modified Fisher grade 3 tSAH; the remainder had grade 1 tSAH. Twenty-six patients (51%) had associated skull fractures; 4 involved the petrous temporal bone and 1 the carotid canal. Thirty-nine (76.5%) were admitted to the ICU and 12 (23.5%) to the surgical ward. Four had an elevated BCVI score. Eight underwent CT angiography; no vascular injuries were identified. Nine patients received an imaging-associated general anesthetic. Five received hypertonic saline in the ICU. Patients with a modified Fisher grade 1 tSAH had a significantly shorter ICU stay as compared to modified Fisher grade 3 tSAH (1.1 vs 2.5 days, p = 0.029). Neuroworsening was not observed in any child.

CONCLUSIONS

Children with isolated tSAH without midline shift and a GCS score of 13–15 at presentation appear to have minimal risk of neuroworsening despite the findings in some children of skull fractures, elevated modified Fisher grade, and elevated BCVI score. In this subgroup of children with tSAH, routine ICU-level care and additional diagnostic imaging may not be necessary for all patients. Children with modified Fisher grade 1 tSAH may be particularly unlikely to require ICU-level admission. Benefits to identifying a subgroup of children at low risk of neuroworsening include improvement in healthcare efficiency as well as decreased utilization of unnecessary and potentially morbid interventions, including exposure to ionizing radiation and general anesthesia.
Intraventricular bone dust migration after neuroendoscopy: report of 2 cases
Authors: El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Wolfe Cody B. , Koueik Joyce , Weprin Bradley E. , Iskandar Bermans J. , Price Angela V.
Published: August 2018

Neuroendoscopy has demonstrated safety and efficacy in the treatment of a host of pediatric neurosurgical pathologies. With the increase in its applicability, several associated complications have been described in the literature. A common practice in pediatric neurosurgery is the use of Gelfoam sponge pledget in the burr hole, followed by bone fragments and dust (obtained from the created burr hole), to cover the dural defect. This technique is used to enhance burr hole sealing and potentially prevent CSF leakage from the surgical site. Reports on intracranial bone dust migration associated with this technique are scarce. The authors report 2 cases of intracranial migration of bone fragments after an endoscopic third ventriculostomy and an endoscopic colloid cyst resection. The bone fragment migration was thought to be caused by negative pressure from a lumbar puncture in one case and external trauma to the head in the other. As endoscopy becomes more widely used, it is important to be aware of this potential complication that may in some cases require an intervention. A review of the cases reported in the literature is provided and a technique is suggested to help prevent this complication.
Hipocondría en la infancia y adolescencia. Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Gómez Vallejo S , Alonso González I M , Pérez Moreno R , Moreno Pardillo D M
Published: August 2018

El trastorno hipocondríaco se describe como la preocupación excesiva por padecer una enfermedad. Como ocurre con otros trastornos psiquiátricos, la ausencia de pruebas complementarias analíticas o de imagen para el diagnóstico complica su estudio, y el debate acerca de sus características es constante. En el caso de niños y adolescentes, los estudios son aún más escasos, dificultando la tarea de psiquiatras y pediatras cuando se encuentran ante sintomatología compatible con diagnóstico de hipocondría. Por ello, hemos querido realizar una revisión de las publicaciones más recientes en relación con este trastorno en población infantojuvenil. Tras explorar los artículos publicados en los últimos años, y a pesar de la limitación de estudios en esta población específica, es de relieve la importancia de un abordaje multidisciplinar. Una vez descartadas otras patologías, el objetivo principal es recuperar y mantener la funcionalidad propia de la edad, implicando al grupo primario de apoyo.
NEW PRINCIPLES IN CREATION OF STRATIGRAPHIC SCHEME OF THE PRECAMBRIAN OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD
Authors: Kostenko M. M.
Published: August 2018

The article deals with current “Сorrelation chronostratigraphic scheme of еarly Precambrian formations of the Ukrainian Shield” should be divided into two parts: the “Correlation stratigraphic scheme of the Lower-Precambrian formations” and “The scheme by age dividing of non-stratified Lower-Precambrian formations”. They have to be separately approved by two relevant subsections of the Lower Precambrian section NSC of Ukraine. Also, the role of intrusive and ultrametamorphic formations in determining of the stratum position in the stratigraphic scheme should be taken into account.
Transient and Voltage Stability Investigation of Integrated Wind Farm Fed to a Power Grid through Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller (G-UPFC)
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Vadhera Shelly
Published: August 2018

This paper reveals investigated result of an integrated wind farm fed to a power grid through a generalized unified power flow controller (G-UPFC), to synchronously achieve voltage-fluctuation mitigation as well as stability improvement. The performance of the considered wind farm is simulated by an equivalent 9 MW doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). An IEEE 14 bus system is also connected with the system for load flow analysis. A fault is deliberately created at a bus. This integrated power system has been simulated with and without G-UPFC and simulation result of voltage waveform at different buses is captured with respect to time. The results illustrate that the G-UPFC is very effective in voltage fluctuation mitigation and transient stability improvement.
Optimization and Performance Characteristics of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPVT) System in Cold Climatic Conditions
Authors: Dash Amit , Agrawal Sanjay , Gairola Sanjay , Singh Sonveer
Published: August 2018

Building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) system has the potential to become a major source of renewable energy in the urban environment. In this paper, roof top has been used as the system of a building to generate higher electrical energy per unit area and to produce necessary thermal energy required for space heating. A model has been developed using basic heat transfer equations. On the basis of this model, an analysis has been carried out specifically for Indian climatic condition of Srinagar, in order to select an appropriate BIPVT system. The PV performances, electrical and thermal efficiencies, net energy gain and exergy of the building are determined. The results show that the electrical efficiency and overall exergy has been increased for the same system which was discussed earlier by changing the design parameters of the system such as velocity of air, room size, number of rows of cells etc. and other affected parameters. The electrical efficiency has been increased to 17.17% from previously 16% and overall exergy to 18.4% from previously 17.1% i.e. an overall growth of 6.8% and 7.6% respectively. Optimization of overall exergy w.r.t velocity of air and thermal coefficient has been analyzed.
Modelling and Performance Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic Power Systems
Authors: Gupta Sunil , Gandhar Abhishek , Gandhar Shashi
Published: August 2018

Grid connected PV system is considered as one of the promising technologies to meet the growing demand of energy in present scenarios. This paper studies the impact of increased penetration of PV generation on power quality parameters in a power network. The performance analysis of grid connected photovoltaic power systems is carried out under different levels of solar irradiance and also under varying load conditions. For this simulations are carried out on a 100 kW grid connected PV system which is designed and modelled in MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulations results are presented considering Power Quality (PQ) issues such as voltage variations at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) and current and voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) at different load demand/types conditions.
An Investigation into Drainage Failures: A Case Study of University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Authors: Mama Cordelia Nnennaya , Obe P.I. , Nnaji C.C. , Odo Kelechi Godswill , Alumona Kester Obiora , Yakubu I.A. , Okechukwu F.O.
Published: August 2018

This project research is aimed at investigating road drainage failures – taking the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) as a case study. A statistical approach of sampling was used in conducting/sharing the questionnaires within the scope of study. A physical observation method was used together with photography to gather more data for the study. The target population was the staff and students, together with the engineers of the Physical Planning Unit, of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. From the results gotten from the questionnaires it was found out that poor maintenance had majorly been the cause of the poor drainage and even failures of some others within the school premises. There is a saying that “pictures do not lie” and it was evident from the field work carried out. Different types of failure mechanisms were identified and all boiled down majorly to the negligence of the authorities concerned. Some recommendations were given out for future purposes.
Secure authentication in the grid: A formal analysis of DNP3 SAv5
Authors: Cremers Cas , Dehnel-Wild Martin , Milner Kevin
Published: August 2018

Most of the world’s power grids are controlled remotely. Their control messages are sent over potentially insecure channels, driving the need for an authentication mechanism. The main communication mechanism for power grids and other utilities is defined by an IEEE standard, referred to as DNP3; this includes the Secure Authentication v5 (SAv5) protocol, which aims to ensure that messages are authenticated.

We provide the first security analysis of the complete DNP3: SAv5 protocol. Previous work has considered the message-passing sub-protocol of SAv5 in isolation, and considered some aspects of the intended security properties. In contrast, we formally model and analyse the complex composition of the protocol’s sub-protocols. In doing so, we consider the full state machine, the protocol’s asymmetric mode, and the possibility of cross-protocol attacks. Furthermore, we model fine-grained security properties that closely match the standard’s intended security properties. For our analysis, we leverage the Tamarin prover for the symbolic analysis of security protocols.

Our analysis shows that the core DNP3: SAv5 design meets its intended security properties. Notably, we show that a previously reported attack does not apply to the standard. However, our analysis also leads to several concrete recommendations for improving future versions of the standard.
Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of New Beverage Formulations Composed of Palm Sugar, Aframomum melegueta, and Citric Acid
Authors: Oboh Fred Omon , Imafidon Judith
Published: August 2018

Non-alcoholic still beverages were prepared from palm sugar, Aframomum melegueta pepper, and citric acid, and their physico-chemical, nutritional, antioxidative, and sensory properties were examined in order to determine their suitability as functional refreshing drinks of good nutritional value. Results for titrable acidity, pH, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and antioxidant capacity (total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and reducing power), vitamin C, and carbohydrate content indicate that the beverage formulations had suitable chemical, nutritional, and antioxidant characteristics, and may be functional. Sensory evaluation of the formulations showed that they were acceptable and refreshing, thus presenting attractive ways of delivering the health benefits of oil palm sugar and Aframomum melegueta pepper.
Preliminary Efficacy and Feasibility of “Thinking While Moving in English”: A Program with Physical Activity Integrated into Primary School English Lessons
Authors: Mavilidi Myrto , Lubans David , Eather Narelle , Morgan Philip , Riley Nicholas
Published: August 2018

Background: The physical, cognitive, and learning benefits of physical activity for children have already been established. However, many schools are failing to provide children with sufficient activity at school due to a crowded school curriculum. Physical activity interventions that integrate physical activity with learning is a way to enhance physical and cognitive benefits without loss of academic time. This study evaluated the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of “Thinking While Moving in English”, a primary school program that integrates physical activity into English lessons. Method: Two classes of Grade 4 students (n = 55, 10–11 years old) were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 29) or control (n = 26) conditions. The program components consisted of 3 × 40 min physically active academic lessons per week, delivered over a 4-week period. The following measures were taken at baseline and immediate post-intervention: on-task behavior, cognition (inhibition and working memory), and learning outcomes (spelling and grammar). Results: Results revealed significant improvements in on-task behavior and spelling in the intervention group, compared to the control group. There were no observed improvements in cognitive outcomes or grammar. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of physically active English lessons to enhance children’s educational outcomes.
Queue Spillover Management in a Connected Vehicle Environment
Authors: Ren Chuanxiang , Zhang Wenbo , Qin Lingqiao , Sun Bo
Published: August 2018

To alleviate the queue spillovers at intersections of urban roads during rush hours, a solution to the cross-spill problem based on vehicle networking technologies is proposed. This involves using connected vehicle technology, to realize the interactive information on vehicle and intersection signal control. The maximum control distance between intersections is determined by how vehicles are controlled and would travel in that connected environment. A method of calculating overflow tendency towards intersection queuing is also proposed, based on the maximum phase control distance. By this method, the intersection overflow is identified, and then the signal phases are re-optimized according to the requirements of different phases. Finally, overflow prevention control was also performed in this study. The VISSIM simulation results show that the method can better prevent the overflow of queues at intersections.
Nitrogen Supply and Leaf Age Affect the Expression of TaGS1 or TaGS2 Driven by a Constitutive Promoter in Transgenic Tobacco
Authors: Wei Yihao , Shi Aibo , Jia Xiting , Zhang Zhiyong , Ma Xinming , Gu Mingxin , Meng Xiaodan , Wang Xiaochun
Published: August 2018

Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a key role in nitrogen metabolism. Here, two types of tobacco transformants, overexpressing Triticum aestivum GS1 (TaGS1) or GS2 (TaGS2), were analysed. Four independent transformed lines, GS1-TR1, GS1-TR2, GS2-TR1 and GS2-TR2, were used for the nitrogen treatment. Under nitrogen-sufficient conditions, the leaves of GS2-TR showed high accumulation of the TaGS2 transcript, while those of GS1-TR showed a low TaGS1 transcript levels. However, compared with nitrogen-sufficient conditions, the TaGS1 transcript level increased in the leaves under nitrogen starvation, but the TaGS2 transcript level decreased. In addition, the TaGS1 and TaGS2 transcript levels were highest in the middle leaves under nitrogen-sufficient and starvation conditions. These results show that nitrogen supply and leaf age regulate TaGS expression, even when they are driven by a super-promoter. Additionally, in regard to nitrogen metabolism level, the lower leaves of the GS1-TR exhibited lower NH4+ and higher amino acid contents, while the upper leaves exhibited higher amino acid, soluble protein and chlorophyll contents. The leaves of the GS2-TR exhibited lower NH4+ but higher amino acid, soluble protein and chlorophyll contents. Given the role that GS isoforms play in nitrogen metabolism, these data suggest that TaGS1 overexpression may improve nitrogen transport, and that TaGS2 overexpression may improve nitrogen assimilation under nitrogen stress.
Haunt or Home? Ethos and African American Literature
Authors: Schur Richard
Published: August 2018

The African American rhetorical tradition could be described as a shelter in an alien environment or as a way station on a long journey. A focus on ethos suggests that such a narrow approach to African American literature cannot do justice to these literary texts: how these writers employ images and symbols, craft and deploy examine identities, blend, criticize, and create traditions, explore contemporary issues, and create community. Because of cultural and racist narratives, African Americans could not simply use either the pre-Socratic or Aristotelian approaches to ethos in their fight for social justice. This essay demonstrates how a postclassical approach to ethos that draws on Bourdieu’s concept of habitus and is focused on community-building and self-healing is central to the African American literature and rhetoric.
Towards an Urban Vibrancy Model: A Soundscape Approach
Authors: Aletta Francesco , Kang Jian
Published: August 2018

Soundscape research needs to develop predictive tools for environmental design. A number of descriptor-indicator(s) models have been proposed so far, particularly for the “tranquility” dimension to manage “quiet areas” in urban contexts. However, there is a current lack of models addressing environments offering actively engaging soundscapes, i.e., the “vibrancy” dimension. The main aim of this study was to establish a predictive model for a vibrancy descriptor based on physical parameters, which could be used by designers and practitioners. A group interview was carried out to formulate a hypothesis on what elements would be influential for vibrancy perception. Afterwards, data on vibrancy perception were collected for different locations in the UK and China through a laboratory experiment and their physical parameters were used as indicators to establish a predictive model. Such indicators included both aural and visual parameters. The model, based on Roughness, Presence of People, Fluctuation Strength, Loudness and Presence of Music as predictors, explained 76% of the variance in the mean individual vibrancy scores. A statistically significant correlation was found between vibrancy scores and eventfulness scores, but not between vibrancy scores and pleasantness scores. Overall results showed that vibrancy is contextual and depends both on the soundscape and on the visual scenery.
Ethics and Occupational Health in the Contemporary World of Work
Authors: Iavicoli Sergio , Valenti Antonio , Gagliardi Diana , Rantanen Jorma
Published: August 2018

The last two decades have seen increasing attention to professional ethics in the field of occupational health in industrialized and developing countries, partly reflecting the changing world of work, demographic shifts and new technologies. These changes have led to the revisiting of traditional ethical principles and the emergence of ethical issues related to occupational health. This article looks at the problems raised by these ethical concerns and proposes some solutions. We revised the existing literature on the ethical conflict in occupational health in order to identifying drivers and barriers for correct professional ethics. The ethical choices are not only based on balanced risk and benefit assessment for various stakeholders, but there are a number of deontological aspects as well that go beyond the mere benefit domains. There is still no systematic approach for analysing the true extent of these issues and their solutions.
A Nationwide Registry-Based Study on Mortality Due to Rare Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Alonso-Ferreira Verónica , Sánchez-Díaz Germán , Villaverde-Hueso Ana , Posada de la Paz Manuel , Bermejo-Sánchez Eva
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to analyse population-based mortality attributed to rare congenital anomalies (CAs) and assess the associated time trends and geographical differences in Spain. Data on CA-related deaths were sourced from annual mortality databases kept by the National Statistics Institute of Spain (1999–2013). Based on the ICD-10, only CAs corresponding to rare diseases definition were included in this study. Annual age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated and time trends were evaluated by joinpoint regression analysis. Geographical differences were assessed using standardised mortality ratios and cluster detection. A total of 13,660 rare-CA-related deaths (53.4% males) were identified in the study period. Annual age-adjusted mortality rates decreased by an average of −5.2% (−5.5% males, −4.8% females, p < 0.001). Geographical analysis showed a higher risk of rare-CA-related mortality in regions largely located in the south of the country. Despite their limitations, mortality statistics are essential and useful tools for enhancing knowledge of rare disease epidemiology and, by extension, for designing and targeting public health actions. Monitoring rare-CA-related mortality in Spain has shown a 15-year decline and geographical differences in the risk of death, all of which might well be taken into account by the health authorities in order to ensure equality and equity, and to adopt appropriate preventive measures.
Fusarium graminearum ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Gene FgABCC9 Is Required for Its Transportation of Salicylic Acid, Fungicide Resistance, Mycelial Growth and Pathogenicity towards Wheat
Authors: Qi Peng-Fei , Zhang Ya-Zhou , Liu Cai-Hong , Zhu Jing , Chen Qing , Guo Zhen-Ru , Wang Yan , Xu Bin-Jie , Zheng Ting , Jiang Yun-Feng , Wang Jiang-Ping , Zhou Cai-Yi , Feng Xiang , Kong Li , Lan Xiu-Jin , Jiang Qian-Tao , Wei Yu-Ming , Zheng You-Liang
Published: August 2018

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters hydrolyze ATP to transport a wide range of substrates. Fusarium graminearum is a major causal agent of Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease in wheat worldwide. FgABCC9 (FG05_07325) encodes an ABC-C (ABC transporter family C) transporter in F. graminearum, which was highly expressed during the infection in wheat and was up-regulated by the plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) and the fungicide tebuconazole. The predicted tertiary structure of the FgABCC9 protein was consistent with the schematic of the ABC exporter. Deletion of FgABCC9 resulted in decreased mycelial growth, increased sensitivity to SA and tebuconazole, reduced accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON), and less pathogenicity towards wheat. Re-introduction of a functional FgABCC9 gene into ΔFgABCC9 recovered the phenotypes of the wild type strain. Transgenic expression of FgABCC9 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the accumulation of SA in its leaves without activating SA signaling, which suggests that FgABCC9 functions as an SA exporter. Taken together, FgABCC9 encodes an ABC exporter, which is critical for fungal exportation of SA, response to tebuconazole, mycelial growth, and pathogenicity towards wheat.
Murine Bone Marrow Niches from Hematopoietic Stem Cells to B Cells
Authors: Aurrand-Lions Michel , Mancini Stéphane J. C.
Published: August 2018

After birth, the development of hematopoietic cells occurs in the bone marrow. Hematopoietic differentiation is finely tuned by cell-intrinsic mechanisms and lineage-specific transcription factors. However, it is now clear that the bone marrow microenvironment plays an essential role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their differentiation into more mature lineages. Mesenchymal and endothelial cells contribute to a protective microenvironment called hematopoietic niches that secrete specific factors and establish a direct contact with developing hematopoietic cells. A number of recent studies have addressed in mouse models the specific molecular events that are involved in the cellular crosstalk between hematopoietic subsets and their niches. This has led to the concept that hematopoietic differentiation and commitment towards a given hematopoietic pathway is a dynamic process controlled at least partially by the bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the evolving view of murine hematopoietic–stromal cell crosstalk that is involved in HSC maintenance and commitment towards B cell differentiation.
The Impact of Vitamin D on the Immunopathophysiology, Disease Activity, and Extra-Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Mak Anselm
Published: August 2018

Over the past two decades it has been increasingly recognized that vitamin D, aside from its crucial involvement in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and the dynamics of the musculoskeletal system, exerts its influential impact on the immune system. The mechanistic roles that vitamin D plays regarding immune activation for combating infection, as well as pathologically and mediating autoimmune conditions, have been progressively unraveled. In vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated that the action of vitamin D on various immunocytes is not unidirectional. Rather, how vitamin D affects immunocyte functions depends on the context of the immune response, in the way that its suppressive or stimulatory action offers physiologically appropriate and immunologically advantageous outcomes. In this review, the relationship between various aspects of vitamin D, starting from its adequacy in circulation to its immunological functions, as well as its autoimmune conditions, in particular systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a prototype autoimmune condition characterized by immune-complex mediated inflammation, will be discussed. Concurring with other groups of investigators, our group found that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with SLE. Furthermore, the circulating vitamin D levels appear to be correlated with a higher disease activity of SLE as well as extra-musculoskeletal complications of SLE such as fatigue, cardiovascular risk, and cognitive impairment.