bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA LEGISLAÇÃO FEDERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DA MULHER CONTRA VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA NO BRASIL E NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Braga Julia Lopes , Santos Laysla Oliveira
Published: April 2021

RESUMO: A violência doméstica persiste em todo o cenário global desde a antiguidade e implica em graves consequências que afetam todas as esferas da sociedade. Assim, o artigo objetiva estudar comparativamente as legislações brasileiras e norte americanas contra violência doméstica, com foco central em identificar as semelhanças e diferenças principais entre a Lei Maria da Penha de 2006 e o Violence Against Women Act criado em 1994. Os elevados números de casos de violência doméstica no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos ressaltam a necessidade do estudo comparado das estratégias existentes para o combate de tal prática, visto que possibilita uma visão mais ampla dessa matéria legislativa por meio do conhecimento de diferentes soluções adotadas por diferentes países. O estudo será realizado seguindo uma metodologia qualitativa baseada em pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e dados de organizações brasileiras e internacionais. Ao fim da análise, é possível reconhecer diversas semelhanças e diferenças entre as referidas leis.
A (IN)CONSTITUCIONALIDADE DA APLICAÇÃO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NO PROCESSO DECISÓRIO VIA PLATAFORMA RADAR
Authors: Mattar Elisa Avelar , Martins Anne Shirley de Oliveira Rezende
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo objetiva demonstrar a forma como a inteligência artificial se expressa no âmbito do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Minas Gerais, de modo a averiguar a (in)congruência da implementação de sistemas de computação cognitiva com função decisória. Diante do cenário disruptivo em que se encontra o século XXI, perante o qual os meios tecnológicos vêm se apresentando cada vez mais aptos a realizar atividades humanas desenvolvidas pela função cognitiva, é primordial a imposição de um olhar crítico-reflexivo à natureza dúplice da implementação da inteligência artificial no Poder Judiciário. Isso porque, embora a razoável duração do processo e a segurança jurídica sejam aspectos constitucionais fundamentalíssimos para o pleno caminhar do Direito, o caráter irrefreável da modernização robótica desenvolvida através da inteligência artificial, na esfera jurídica, acaba por afastar a subjetividade das relações humanas, a objetividade dos critérios de julgamento, e a força normativa principiológica do neoconstitucionalismo. Assim, em atenção à implementação da Plataforma Radar, que opera através da computação cognitiva para a automatização de atividades jurisdicionais, inclusive para delegar a função decisória aos meios objetivo-tecnológicos, insta realizar um estudo acerca do funcionamento sistemático de tal aparato.
EXISTÊNCIAS E RESISTÊNCIAS NO LABIRINTO ANTROPOLÓGICO
Authors: Souza Janice Aparecida de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo é uma tessitura reflexiva sobre os caminhos pelos quais passa a Antropologia pós-moderna e os estudos pós-coloniais. Partindo do livro A queda do céu, levo em conta o cenário atual – pandemia, crimes ambientais, massacre de povos indígenas – e o encontro do antropólogo Bruce Albert com o intelectual diplomata yanomami Davi Kopenawa. O texto vem tenuemente carregado de esperança e sonhos mesclados com explícito pavor destes tempos particularmente ruins vividos pelo povo brasileiro, que assiste, confinado e perplexo, ao genocídio dos povos indígenas, ao descaso com as questões ambientais e ao extermínio sistemático e histórico dos pretos que construíram com suor e sangue este país.
O ensino da Estatística: competências a serem desenvolvidas
Authors: Schmitz Dalcio , Bennemann Marcio
Published: April 2021

O ensino da estatística, no Ensino Fundamental, tem como objetivo levar o aluno a entender, vivenciar e utilizar a estatística presente nas atividades de seu dia a dia. O presente artigo trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico sobre questões do ensino da estatística segundo as habilidades que a disciplina se propõe a desenvolver, abordando a relevância e o desenvolvimento das três competências: literacia, raciocínio estatístico e pensamento estatístico. Como resultado, consideramos a identificação das bases teóricos necessárias para a formação de sujeitos capazes no trato da informação fundamentada em dados.
Utilização de um software para a verificação da derivada de algumas funções de relativa complexidade de demonstração
Authors: Queiroz Rogeria Teixeira Urzêdo , Queiroz Rhelman Rossano Urzêdo
Published: April 2021

O Cálculo Diferencial e Integral é uma disciplina que consta da grade curricular dos períodos iniciais de diversos cursos de graduação.  É inegável a importância do conhecimento dos principais conceitos dessa disciplina, bem como ter clareza do seu amplo espectro de aplicações. Entretanto, na opinião de vários professores de Cálculo Diferencial que existe uma grande dificuldade dos alunos ingressantes nos cursos superiores de Ciências Exatas em assimilar os conteúdos propostos nos planos de curso da referida disciplina.  Há várias discussões no meio acadêmico relativas a esse tema “dificuldade em Cálculo” e, entre elas, destaca-se a afirmativa de que as deduções de equações e demonstrações de teoremas, com recursos algébricos apenas, aumentam o grau de dificuldade da disciplina. Neste artigo, propõe-se uma forma alternativa de se verificar a derivada de algumas funções, sem os recursos algébricos apresentados pelos livros-texto de Cálculo, com a qual os alunos poderão utilizar a definição de derivada empregando o software Graphmatica.
Explorando paralelismo de laços em uma Aplicação de Simulação de Câmara de Combustão
Authors: Pizzolato Glener , Schepke Claudio
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho é proposto a otimização e paralelização de um programa que realiza a simulação de uma câmera de combustão. O programa sequencial original possui um tempo computacional expressivo, levando horas para computar todos os dados. Para acelerar a execução do código foram utilizadas operações paralelas usando OpenMP, os quais foram avaliados em uma arquitetura multicore, reduzindo o tempo total de processamento do programa.
Impactos da composição do canal no desempenho de blockchain Hyperledger Fabric consorciada
Authors: Marques Marco , Miers Charles
Published: April 2021

O Hyperledger Fabric é uma plataforma modular desenvolvida com foco na implementação de blockchains tipo privada e consorciada. O modelo consorciado é composto por duas ou mais organizações, que possuem nós que se comunicam através de um canal privado. A quantidade de organizações e nós que compõe o canal, aliados a parâmetros de conﬁgurações especíﬁcos (e.g., políticas de endosso e tamanho do bloco), estão relacionados ao desempenho da blockchain. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto de diferentes composições de canal no desempenho da blockchain.
Avaliando a encriptação especulativa em CPUs multicore
Authors: De Andrade Vinícius , Zola Wagner
Published: April 2021

Arquiteturas modernas possuem instruções especiais AES-NI, possibilitando encriptação acelerada em hardware. Neste trabalho apresentamos os testes de implementação da biblioteca WAESlib para CPUs multicore. Observamos a viabilidade de utilização de criptograﬁa especulativa usando aceleração AES-NI e múltiplas threads.
Provendo Abstrações de Alto Nível para GPUs na SPar
Authors: Rockenbach Dinei , Griebler Dalvan , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta uma extensão à linguagem SPar para suportar o paralelismo heterogêneo combinado de CPU e GPU através de anotações C++11 em aplicações de processamento de stream. Os testes sugerem melhoras signiﬁcativas de desempenho com poucas modiﬁcações no código.
Controle e Rastreamento de Equipamentos de Mobilidade Urbana Individuais e Análise de Comportamento em Nuvem
Authors: Mendes Andre , Silva Luís Augusto , Da Silva Bruno , Leithardt Valderi , González Gabriel
Published: April 2021

A proposta deste trabalho é focada na melhora da eﬁciência autonômica em veículos elétricos individuais utilizados em grande cidades. Para realizar estas melhoras, desenvolvemos uma arquitetura que faz uso de diferentes algoritmos de optimização de rotas oferecendo alternativas para o usuário. Para tanto, consideramos os tempos máximos de percurso. Para a melhora dos tempos de resposta da arquitetura ampliamos o uso em servidores distribuídos.
A Study on Clearance Effects on Dynamic Responses of Robot Manipulator
Authors: Bai Zhengfeng , LIU Tianxi
Published: April 2021

Clearances caused by assemblage, manufacturing errors and wear, affect inevitably the dynamic responses of mechanisms such as robot manipulator. In this study, the effects of clearance on a robot manipulator system are investigated numerically. The contact behavior along normal and tangential direction of clearance joint is described by a nonlinear contact force model and a modified Coulomb friction model respectively. Then, the dynamics equations of the robot manipulator system are established considering joint clearance. In order to investigate the effects of clearance on dynamic performances of practical mechanism, a planar robot manipulator system on a spacecraft system with a revolute clearance joint is used as the apply example. Four case studies for various clearance sizes are implemented to investigate and discuss the effects of joint clearance. The simulation results indicate that clearance joints have severe effects on the dynamic performances of mechanism system and the impact in clearance joints represented by contact force models must be considered in dynamics analysis and design of mechanism system. The simulation results in this work can predict the effects of clearance on robot manipulator system preferably and it is the basis of precision analysis, robust control system design of robot manipulator system.
Pilot Study of Wobble Seat on Trunk Muscles Activity and Kinematics
Authors: ALEKNAITE-DAMBRAUSKIENE Ieva , DOMEIKA Aurelijus , GUDŽIŪNAS Vaidotas , ZAVECKAS Vidmantas
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the pilot study of wobble seat on trunk muscles activity and kinematics. For this study the wobble board and wobble board on bearing surface were used to compare muscles activity and body segments kinematics on these different platforms. Two pelvic motions were performed: anterior – posterior and side to side. During this study the electromyography (sEMG) of trunk muscles and motion capture analysis were done. Results showed that sitting on wobble board placed on bearing surface leaded to increment of the activity of deep muscles with smaller pelvic movement in anterior – posterior pelvic motion.
Literatür Taraması: Dağınık Yazılım Geliştirmede Yaşanan Zorluklar
Authors: Kahya Murat Dogus , Şeneler Çağla
Published: April 2021

Küresel şirketler tarafında son on yılda farklı lokasyonlarda yazılım geliştirme popüler olmaya başladı.Farklı lokasyonlarda geliştirme ile birlikte, aynı lokasyonda yazılım geliştirmede yaşanmayan yeni zorluklar ortaya çıkmaya başladı.Bununla birlikte yazılım geliştirme toplulukları iletişim, koordinasyon ve kontrol süreçlerinin yaşadığı zorlukları son yıllarda araştırıyor. Fakat son yıllarda yayınlanan çalışmalar çoğunlukla bir kaç şirketi göz önünde bulunduran deneysel ve vaka çalışmalarını içermektedir. Bu çalışmada 2007 ile 2017 yılları arasnındaki deneysel çalışmalar derlenerek zamansal, coğrafik ve sosyo-kültürel açılarından yaşanan zorluklar literatür incelemesi olarak sunulacaktır. Makale kapsamında 607 çalışma incelenerek bulunan sonuçlar araştırmacılar ile paylaşılmaktadır.Sonraki araştırmalar ve çıkarımlar raporun en sonunda sunulmaktadır.
Improving the Institutional Environment of the Innovation Economy in Azerbaijan
Authors: RAHMANOV Ferhad P. , SULEYMANOV Elçin , ÖZDEMİR Yahya
Published: April 2021

The author's model of the institutional environment of innovative economy is given, the innovation processes and infrastructure institutions at the current stage of formation of innovation economy of the Azerbaijan Republic are being analyzed, and the main problems in development of elements of the institutional environment are identified. Suggestions are related with the possible ways to improve the existing institutional environment of the innovation economy in Azerbaijan.
Ayna Olarak Instagram
Authors: Biçici Emre
Published: April 2021

Günümüzde sosyal medya insanların iletişim şekillerini değiştirmiş ve kendilerini farklı bir şekilde ifade edebilmelerine olanak vermiştir. Instagram bu uygulamalar arasından en popüler olan uygulamalardan birisidir. Uygulama içerisinde insanlar kendilerini de bir sembole dönüştürerek görseller üzerinden ifade etmektedirler. Bu araştırma Lacan’ın “Ayna Evresi”, Roland Barthes’ın göstergebilimi, “Kapitalizmin Mitleri” kavramı ve postmodern tüketim çerçevesinde incelenecektir. Çalışmanın amacı bireylerin Instagram üzerinden yapmış oldukları paylaşımlar ile kimliklerini nasıl ifade ettiklerini anlamaktır.
Toplumsal Yarar Amaçlı Örgütlerin Farklı Kültürlerdeki Instagram Paylaşımları Üzerine Bir Analiz: Türkiye ve İngiltere’deki Greenpeace Örneği
Authors: YETKİN CILIZOĞLU Gamze
Published: April 2021

Toplumsal yarar amaçlı örgütlerin temel amacı toplumda ortak bilgi ve dil düzeyi oluşturarak kolektif bilincin ve eylemin oluşmasına aracılık etmektir. Kolektif bilincin amacı ise değişime aracılık etmek, katılımı sağlayarak toplumsal tepki refleksinin oluşumuna katalizör görevi görmektir. Bu sürecin oluşumunda o toplum içindeki bireylerin kültürel yapısı, kültürel çerçeve içinde kullanılan dil, demokratik yapı, katılımın biçimi gibi unsurlar toplumsal yarar amaçlı örgütlerin paylaşımlarında kullandıkları mesajların çağrışımlarına da etki etmektedir. Kar amaçlı örgütlerin çağın gereklerine uygun olarak etkin bir şekilde kullandıkları sosyal medya toplumsal yarar amaçlı örgütler kar amacı gütmeyen için de önemli bir mecra olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu öngörülerden yola çıkarak demokrasileri açısından farklılıklar gösterdiği varsayılan İngiltere ve Türkiye’de Greenpeace’in 14 Kasım-10 Aralık tarihleri arasındaki Instagram paylaşımları rastlantısal olarak seçilmiş ve bu süreçteki paylaşımların verdiği mesajlar çağrışımları açısından hem niceliksel hem de niteliksel olarak içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı toplumsal yarar amaçlı bir örgüt olan Greenpeace örnekleminde farklı kültürlere sahip ülkelerde bu farklılıkların analiz edilen mesajlara yansıyıp yansımadığını görebilmektir.
The foundation of the modern Serbian state in the First Serbian uprising 1804-1813
Authors: Atlagić Marko , Martinović Aleksandar
Published: April 2021

Already in the first year of the First Serbian uprising, there was a need to establish certain authorities in the area liberated from the Turks. For that purpose, the Governing Council (Praviteljstvujšći sovjet) was established, it would later grow into the Government and all other executive bodies in the local self-government. Local assemblies and the National Assembly were established as the highest legislative body of the First Serbian uprising. The foundations were laid for the courts, as the third branch of government during the uprising. At that time, the foundations were laid for the Serbian army, which had its own uniform and oath. The police and intelligence services were formed, as well as the budget. All these branches of government developed and improved during the 19th and 20th centuries. In the First Serbian uprising, the foundations of the modern Serbian state were laid.
Manuais didáticos em questão: propostas de ensino da História da América (1971 e 2011)
Authors: Luiz Miriã Lúcia , Berto Rosianny Campos
Published: April 2021

Analisa diferentes propostas para o ensino/aprendizagem de conteúdos de História da América presentes em dois manuais didáticos: o Cadernos MEC: História da América (1971) e História Geral e do Brasil (2011). A análise orienta-se pelo método regressivo (BLOCH, 2001), em busca de permanências e descontinuidades nas disciplinas escolares, de modo geral, e no Ensino de História, em particular. Além do intervalo de quarenta anos entre as publicações, os manuais se distanciam quanto aos aspectos pedagógicos e historiográficos: o Cadernos MEC: História da América varia entre indícios do ideário escolanovista e de uma perspectiva tradicional, com atividades pautadas no método mnemônico; a obra didática de Vicentino e Dorigo (2011) compõe-se de atividades que favorecem a autonomia intelectual dos estudantes, o que indica uma adequação do conteúdo pedagógico a princípios neoliberais, ao privilegiar o protagonismo de cada estudante em seu processo de aprendizagem. Quanto à concepção de História, o manual de 1971 apresenta algumas feições positivistas, com centralidade em datas e fatos de personagens de uma história predominantemente política. Na seção assessoria pedagógica da obra de 2011 há referências com possíveis interpretações derrotistas da América Espanhola, com foco na exploração e violência dos “vencedores sobre os vencidos”, contudo, os exercícios se alinham aos pressupostos da Nova História, o que permite a elaboração do conhecimento histórico pelos estudantes, por meio da análise interna e externa de fontes iconográficas, da interpretação de textos historiográficos e da multiplicidade de abordagens e de fontes históricas. Compreender quais sujeitos têm lugar nas expectativas curriculares é escolha crucial para a composição da tapeçaria a ser tecida pelo historiador (GINZBURG, 2007), mas também ajuda a pensar o papel dos manuais didáticos, como produtos que são, carregados de intenções.
La numérisation de la vie : de la nécessité d’une approche biosémiotique de la convergence des codes
Authors: Bardini Thierry
Published: April 2021

Cet article soutient la thèse que l’approche de la biosémiotique est nécessaire pour faire sens des phénomènes contemporains de la convergence des codes analogique et numérique du vivant. Après avoir explicité cette notion de « convergence des codes » et présenté rapidement le problème posé par la perspective métaphorique du code génétique qui constitue le paradigme fondateur de la biologie moléculaire, l’auteur insiste sur la nécessité de l’ajout de la notion d’interprétant de la sémiotique Peircienne. Cette avancée biosémiotique permet une meilleure compréhension des passages entre l’analogique et le digital, en transformant la notion d’information génétique, comprise non plus comme une substance, mais bien comme un processus.
Explorations of avoidance and approach coping and perceived stress with a computer-based avatar task: detrimental effects of resignation and withdrawal
Authors: Allen M. Todd
Published: April 2021

Background

Individuals differ in how they react to stress or trauma through different coping styles in which they may deal directly with a stressor by adopting approach coping styles or disengage with a stressor by utilizing avoidant coping styles. Avoidant coping styles have been linked to adverse outcomes including psychological distress, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, avoidance coping styles as measured by a subset of items on the Brief COPE were found to have a weak positive relationship with performance on a computer-based avatar task which is related to avoidant personality temperaments. This avatar task was developed as an alternative for paper and pencil self-report inventories for measuring avoidant tendencies based on possible response biases of avoidant individuals. In the current study, avoidance and approach coping styles as measured by the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire (BACQ) were compared to avoidant coping as measured by the Brief COPE and performance on the avatar task. In addition to approach and avoidance coping, the BACQ also measures active avoidance coping (i.e., diversion) and passive avoidance coping (i.e., resignation and withdrawal). The relationships between approach and avoidance coping and performance on the avatar task were also analyzed with the outcome of perceived stress as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Methods

One hundred undergraduates voluntarily completed the BACQ, the Brief COPE, and the PSS. Participants also completed a computer-based task in which they guided an avatar through a series of social situations where they indicated how they would interact with or avoid interacting with strangers.

Results

Approach coping had a weak negative relationship to avoidance coping as measured by the BACQ and the Brief COPE. Performance on the avatar task had a moderate positive relationship with avoidance coping (diversion as well as resignation and withdrawal) as measured by the BACQ and a moderate negative relationship with approach coping as measured by the BACQ. A model including only approach, diversion, and resignation and withdrawal coping best predicted performance on the avatar task in a linear regression model. While resignation and withdrawal coping and diversion coping had moderate positive relationships to avatar task scores, only resignation and withdrawal had a strong positive relationship to perceived stress. A model than included only resignation and withdrawal coping best predicted perceived stress in a linear regression model. Overall, passive avoidant coping styles (i.e., resignation and withdrawal), but not active avoidant coping style (i.e., diversion), were related to perceived stress. These results support the continued study of multiple aspects of avoidant coping styles as well as the avatar task to increase our understanding of the maladaptive effects of excessive avoidance in the face of stress.
Quality of Life in Older Adults with Cochlear Implantation: Can It Be Equal to That of Healthy Older Adults?
Authors: Tokat Taskin , Müderris Togay , Bozkurt Ergul Basaran , Ergun Uğurtan , Aysel Abdulhalim , Catli Tolgahan
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the audiologic results after cochlear implantation (CI) in older patients and the degree of improvement in their quality of life (QoL).Subjects and Methods: Patients over 65 years old who underwent CI at implant center in Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital were included in this study (n=54; 34 males and 20 females). The control group was patient over 65 years old with normal hearing (n=54; 34 males and 20 females). We administered three questionnaires [World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), World Health Organization Quality of Life-OLD (WHOQOL-OLD)], and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to evaluate the QoL, CIrelated effects on activities of daily life, and social activities in all the subjects. Moreover, correlations between speech recognition and the QoL scores were evaluated. The duration of implant use and comorbidities were also examined as potential factors affecting QoL.Results: The patients had remarkable improvements (the mean score of postoperative speech perception 75.7%) in speech perception after CI. The scores for the WHOQOL-OLD and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire responses were similar in both the study and control groups, except those for a two subdomains (social relations and social participation). The patients with longer-term CI had higher scores than those with short-term CI use. In general, the changes in GDS scores were not significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: The treatment of hearing loss with CI conferred significant improvement in patient’s QoL (p<0.01). The evaluation of QoL can provide multidimensional insights into a geriatric patient’s progress and, therefore, should be considered by audiologists.
Does management of a top carnivore influence the response of mesopredators and prey to rainfall in arid ecosystems? Evidence for a Baseline Density theory
Authors: Brawata Renee L.
Published: April 2021

The removal of apex carnivores from ecosystems can impact the abundance and diversity of species in lower trophic levels. In arid ecosystems, where “bottom up” forces of primary productivity and resource availability strongly affect trophic interactions, the role of “top down” effects is still much debated. This study explored the potential role of an apex predator, the dingo, as a “top down” trophic regulator in Australian arid ecosystems under different levels of primary productivity and dingo management regimes. Consistent with the theory of top down regulation, strong relationships were found between dingo management, dingo activity and fox activity. Dingoes appeared to suppress fox activity where dingoes were uncontrolled or only opportunistically controlled. At sites where dingoes were absent or in low numbers, fox activity was higher, and this inverse relationship persisted regardless of rainfall. The activity of rabbits and small mammals was lower where dingoes were absent and fox activity was high, while the activity of macropods was higher in the absence of dingoes. Feral cat activity did not differ significantly between sites under different dingo management or between years. These results suggest that management of dingoes is a key determinant of fox activity and the activity of some prey under varying levels of productivity. Evidence from this research showed that while the strength of trophic regulation by dingoes may fluctuate, top down effects occurred both prior to and post significant rainfall events. Following this, top down regulation of fox populations during dry periods at sites where dingoes are retained may enable higher and more stable “baseline” densities of small vertebrates, from which a larger and more rapid rate of increase of these prey during the “boom” periods can occur. Understanding the relative strength and interactions of top down and bottom up forces in regulating populations, and under what ecological states the importance of each changes, is important for the long-term conservation of biodiversity in arid regions.
Digital Banking Strategy and Financial Inclusion among Commercial Banks in Kajiado County. A Case of Kenya Commercial Bank in Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors: Makau Johnstone Muli , Olando Clement O.
Published: April 2021

Despite the expansive infrastructure of commercial banking in Kenya, a large percentage of the country’s population is excluded from access to formal banking services/products. Further, there is insufficiency of credible information on the manner that digital banking strategies relates to inclusion on access to financial services. Accordingly, this study was in search of bridging the gap with the objective of evaluating the effects of the digital banking strategy on financial inclusion midst commercial banks in Kajiado County (a case of Kenya commercial bank in Kajiado county). This research utilised quantitative methods and espoused descriptive research design. It regarded the 323 Kenya commercial banks outlets (branches and bank agents) in Kajiado County for its target population and obtained a sample size of 179 respondents. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered using drop and pick approach, was developed for gathering data to be acquired from primary sources. This research adopted quantitative analysis approach to yield descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study concludes that at 5% error level, digital banking channels, digital financial infrastructure, convenience of digital financial services, have a statistical positive significant effect on financial inclusion among commercial banks in Kajiado county while digital service offering has a statistically insignificant effect on financial inclusion among commercial banks in Kajiado county. The study recommends that the commercial banks in Kajiado should, provide digital banking services to areas that are not easily accessible, acquire adequate infrastructure facilities and adopt efficient technology, offer simple, cost effective and secure services to their customers and provide wide variety of digital service.
Morphometry in Coronary Arteries of Beijupira (Rachycentron canadum) Fish with Tunics Hyperplasia
Authors: Pedrosa Virgínia Fonseca , Romano Luis Alberto , Manghi Roberto Ferreira , Barros Carolina Notaro , Santos Fernando Leandro dos , Mendes Emiko Shinozaki
Published: April 2021

Tunics hyperplasia of blood vessels can be quantified by a range of techniques that relate to modifications of area or thickness on histological sections. We studied hyperplasia of tunics of coronary arteries in a fish species, Rachycentron canadum for establishing the relationship between tunics and luminal obstruction by morphometry. The morphometric analysis was performed on 158 arterial vessels of 40 fish samples. The histological slides of cardiac and vascular tissue were stained using hematoxylin and eosin and observed under an optical microscope. The data relating to the proportion of the lumen area compared to the area of the tunic media were analyzed according to Beta regression models. The lumen proportion showed a decreasing relationship with weight and length of the analyzed animals. A linear relationship was not observed between lumen proportion and areas and/or radius of arterial tunics. It is concluded that the increase in weight gain contributes to a reduction of lumen area, leading to arterial obstruction without increasing or decreasing relationship between the proportion of vascular lumen and the thickness of arterial tunics. The set of abnormalities described are likely to be attributed to nutritional factors during the fish cultivation.
Determination of Physicochemical Parameters and Mineral Compositions of Hand Dug Well Water Samples Collected from Selected Local Government Areas in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Okewole S. A. , Oyekunle L. O. , Akande O. O. , Amusat A. I. , Amuzat A. I. , Ojo A. O. , Olugbodi O. G. , Olasupo A. M.
Published: April 2021

Potable water is essential for human survival but contaminations through human activities have jeo

pardized it. This research will create awareness on the condition of hand dug well water used and reduce transmission of diseases in the study areas. The study deals with the determination of physic-chemical parameters and Mineral composition of water samples collected in the month of September, 2019 from hand dug well from selected local government areas in Oyo State Nigeria, (Ibadan North-East, Ibarapa Central, Afijio, Ogbomoso South and Iseyin local government). The parameters examined were Temperature (ToC), Potential Hydrogen (pH), Conductivity (µ/S-1/cm), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS ppm), Salinity (ppm), Dissolved Oxygen (DO mg/L),Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Zinc (Zn2+) and Chloride (Cl-). Standard analytical methods were used. The analytical results of the study revealed that Temperatures are within 27 and 28oC, the pH of the samples ranges from 4.7-6.8, Conductivity falls between 785-1671 µ/S-1/cm. The TDS ranges from 550-1346 ppm, Salinity from 384-956 ppm while DO had the values ranges of 6.03-11.44 mg/l. Potassium (K+) (1.92-6.22 mg/l), Calcium (Ca2+) (14.74-18.52 mg/l), Magnesium (Mg2+) (6.34-7.81 mg/l), Zinc (Zn2+) (0.39-0.47mg/l) and Chloride (Cl-) (26.19-28.70 mg/l). It was noted that, Conductivity, salinity and DO were high compared to WHO and NSDWQ permissible standard limits. This indicated that pollution from dumpsites and erosion has great impact on the water. The mineral compositions of the water samples are within the permissible limit recommended by WHO. It is advisable that proper drainage and sewer systems should be constructed in all areas to ensure proper disposal of hazardous liquid waste, thereby preventing seepage into groundwater and surface water.
Periodontitis, Cardiovascular Disease and Fetuin A: A Triad
Authors: Bashir Raima , Hosein Mervyn , Hosein Mervyn , Zil-e-Rubab . , Saghir Tahir , Saher Fizza
Published: April 2021

Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases are two most common and related pathologies which may aggravate each other’s pathophysiological impact. Long standing periodontitis leads to a systemic inflammatory response which elicits as well as exacerbates the cardiovascular disease process in the body. Fetuin A is an anti-inflammatory and anti-calcification glycoprotein, the levels of which decrease with ongoing inflammation in the body. Diminished Fetuin A levels due to persistent periodontitis, may promote inflammation and calcification which can predispose to multiple cardiovascular outcomes. Therefore the purpose of this literature review was to critically analyse the studies regarding Fetuin A, periodontal inflammation and cardiovascular diseases and find out a possible relationship between them. The studies published from the year 1976-2020 were reviewed for this article using Google Scholar, Pubmed, Research Gate & Semantic Scholar search engines using key words Periodontitis & Fetuin A, Fetuin A, Alpha-2- Heremans Schmid Glycoprotein, pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, periodontitis and CVD, CVD and Fetuin A, etc. It can hence be concluded from this review article that Fetuin A glycoprotein has a protective effect on the body owing to its anti-inflammatory and anti-calcification properties.  It also advocates that decreased levels of Fetuin A can be used as a potential diagnostic tool to assess the predisposing risk of cardiovascular diseases affected by calcification and inflammatory process in the body.
Cyanelle DNA from Cyanophora paradoxa exists in two forms due to intramolecular recombination
Authors: Bohnert Hans J. , Löffelhardt Wolfgang
Published: July 2002

The DNA of cyanelles which are described as endosymbiotic cyanobacteria from Cyanophora paradoxa (strain LB555UTEX) is equivalent to 127 kilobasepairs. It is characterized by two inverted repeat segments, 10 kilobasepairs in size, which are separated from each other by long single‐copy DNA segments of unequal size. This morphology of the chromosome is also found in the chloroplast DNA of most higher plants and some green algae. The cyanelle DNA exists in two forms of circular molecules which differ only in the orientation of the two single‐copy DNA segments relative to each other. This is likely due to intramolecular recombination within the inverted repeat segments.
Expression of the ptsH+ gene of Escherichia coli cloned on plasmid pBR322
Authors: Lee Lynne G. , Britton Paul , Parra Francisco , Boronat Albert , Kornberg Hans
Published: July 2002

The gene ptsH
+, which specifies HPr on the E. coli genome, was cloned on the plasmid pBR322 and was expressed in recA cells. HPr was produced in large amounts and was characterized by several criteria.
The amino acid sequence of human spleen apoferritin
Authors: Wustefeld Chantal , Crichton Robert R.
Published: July 2002

The complete amino acid sequence of human spleen apoferritin has been determined. It consists of 174 amino acids, corresponding to M
r20017. The sequence is very similar to that of horse spleen apoferritin (14% difference between the two sequences). Some peptides were isolated and sequenced which could not be placed in the sequence but which are homologous with part of the principal sequence. Automatic sequence determination of a large peptide resulting from acid cleavage allows us to establish the presence of two homologous sequences (in the ratio ).
Structural and actin‐binding properties of the trypsin‐produced HMM and S1 from gizzard smooth muscle myosin
Authors: Marianne-Pépin T. , Mornet D. , Audemard E. , Kassab R.
Published: July 2002

The reaction of trypsin on the heavy chain of gizzard myosin and chymotryptic HMM was investigated under restricted fragmentation conditions. The three fragments of the head part with 29 kDa, 50 kDa and 26 kDa were isolated and identified. The 66 K heavy chain segment containing the S1–S2 junction was slowly but extensively degraded liberating a S1‐like entity which lacked an intact COOH‐terminal 26 kDa region; this isolated species displayed full intrinsic ATPase activities but little actin‐binding ability. Tryptic HMM was also formed bearing a fragmented heavy chain and lacking the 20 kDa light chain. Its actin‐activated ATPase was derepressed upon cleavage of the 66 kDa segment by papain. We propose that the integral 66 kDa heavy chain component is directly involved in the regulation of the gizzard actomyosin ATPase.
Characteristics of redox‐linked proton ejection in cytochrome c oxidase reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles
Authors: Papa S. , Lorusso M. , Capitanio N. , De Nitto E.
Published: July 2002

Experimental observations reveal a number of characteristics of the redox‐linked proton ejection from cytochrome c oxidase vesicles, which apparently cannot be explained by a proton pumping activity of the oxidase. These observations seem, on the other hand, to provide useful elements for alternative explanation(s) of the proton ejection. It is proposed here that the process is scalar and not vectorial and can derive from redox‐linked rupture of protonated salt‐bridges in the oxidase‐lipid complex.
Separation of the tryptic fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase with high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Lüdi Hans , Hasselbach Wilhelm
Published: July 2002

The four tryptic fragments of the Ca2+‐ and Mg2+‐dependent ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum were separated on a TSK‐G 4000 SW preparative high performance liquid chromatography column in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, the analysis of the protein peaks demonstrated that the calcium binding sites with high affinities are located in the smallest fragment (A2; 25 kDa).
pp60c‐src is a substrate for phosphorylation when cells are stimulated to enter cycle
Authors: Tamura Teruko , Friis Robert R. , Bauer Heinz
Published: July 2002

The endogenous cellular oncogene products, pp60
c‐src
, exhibits a protein kinase activity, but is itself a phosphoprotein. Based on the assumption that pp60
c‐src
might play a role in the control of cell proliferation, we have studied its behaviour as a substrate for phosphorylation known to occur when quiescent, serum‐deprived cells are stimulated to enter cell cycle following addition of either serum, platelet‐derived growth factor or the phorbol ester derivative, 12‐0‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate. For this purpose a partial purification of pp60
c‐src
on DEAE ion‐exchange chromatography was combined with immune precipitation. A 2–4‐fold increase in serine phosphorylation of pp60
c‐src
was consistently observed after stimulation of quiescent cells to growth.
Isolation and structure of the bacterial sex pheromone, cAD1, that induces plasmid transfer in Streptococcus faecalis
Authors: Mori Masaaki , Sakagami Youji , Narita Michihiko , Isogai Akira , Fujino Masahiko , Kitada Chieko , Craig Ronald A. , Clewell Don B. , Suzuki Akinori
Published: July 2002

The Streptococcus faecalis sex pheromone cAD1, which is involved in the conjugative transfer of the hemolysin plasmid pAD1, has been isolated and its structure determined. Its M
r is 818 and its amino acid sequence is H‐Leu‐Phe‐Ser‐Leu‐Val‐Leu‐Ala‐Gly‐OH. A replicate of the pheromone synthesized by the liquid phase method showed the same biological activity and Chromatographie behavior as the isolated cAD1. Pheromone activity was detectable at a concentration of ~ 5 × 10−11 M.
Lipid domain in cancer cell plasma membrane shown by 1H NMR to be similar to a lipoprotein
Authors: Williams Philip G. , Helmer Megan A. , Wright Lesley C. , Dyne Marlen , Fox Richard M. , Holmes Kerry T. , May George L. , Mountford Carolyn E.
Published: July 2002

Human blood lipoproteins have been characterised by 1H NMR methods and chemical analysis, and comparisons made with the properties of the triglyceride‐rich plasma membrane domain found in cancer cells. By means of selective and non‐selective T
1 experiments, the lipids in HDL and LDL are shown to be in diffusive exchange. In contrast, the lipids ofchylomicra and VLDL do not exhibit lipid diffusion, and therefore resemble the neutral lipids of cancer cell plasma membranes. 2D scalar correlated NMR (COSY) spectra of cancer cells or solid tumours are similar to those obtained from VLDL and LDL. The long T
2 relaxation value observed for neutral lipid methylenes in metastatic cancer cells (>00 ms) was not observed for any of the 4 lipoproteins studied. None of the lipoprotein classes gave a T
2 longer than 250 ms.
A simple and rapid method for sequencing DNA
Authors: Chuvpilo S.A. , Kravchenko V.V.
Published: July 2002

A simplified technique for DNA sequence analysis has been developed, based on modification of a previous method [(1980) Methods Enzymol. 65, 499‐560]. It employs an adsorptive immobilization of terminally labelled DNA on DEAE paper followed by G, A + G, C + T and C specific modification and cleavage reactions. This solid‐phase technique is faster and more convenient than the original method. The efficiency is comparable. The total processing time taken to produce cleaved fragments loaded on a gel is less than 2h.
Effect of temperature on the circular dichroism spectra of β2‐microglobulins
Authors: Brown Eleanor M. , Groves Merton L.
Published: July 2002

When the temperature was lowered from 25 to 5°C dramatic changes were observed in the near‐ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra of bovine and caprine but not human β2‐imcroglobulin. Comparison of the protein sequences suggests that the conformational change occurs in the amino‐terminal 24 residues and that a tyrosine residue located on a potential β‐turn acts as a reporter group. Because ΔH° is small (−22 kcal · mol−1), such conformational changes, possibly not readily observed, may occur at low temperatures in other proteins having potential β‐turns in otherwise aperiodic regions of sequence.
Protease‐activated kinase II as the mediator of epidermal growth factor‐stimulated phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6
Authors: Perisic Olga , Traugh Jolinda A.
Published: July 2002

Epidermal growth factor stimulates phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in serum‐starved Swiss 3T3 cells, leading to the formation of highly phosphorylated derivatives containing 4–5 phosphates. Two‐dimensional analysis of tryptic phosphopeptides of S6 shows an identical pattern to the ones obtained previously in other cells in response to insulin and the tumor promoting phorbol ester, 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl phorbol‐13‐acetate. This suggests a common intracellular mediator of S6 phosphorylation by different growth promoting agents. It is proposed that the potential mediator of this phosphorylation is the Ca2+‐independent, cAMP‐independent protein kinase, protease activated kinase II, as shown by the extent of phosphorylation and the tryptic phosphopeptide maps of S6 with highly purified enzyme [(1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13998‐14002].
Comparison of the effects of one‐side‐ and two‐side Mg2+ on the reconstitution of mitochondrial H+‐ATPase
Authors: Yang F.Y. , Zhang X.F.
Published: July 2002

Lipid fluidity
Mitochondrial H+‐ATPase
One‐side Mg2+ effect
Two‐side Mg2+ effect
Lipid‐protein interaction
The oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in mitochondrial F1‐ATPase decreases the rate of its inactivation by the natural protein inhibitor
Authors: Chernyak B.V. , Khodjaev E.Yu. , Kozlov I.A.
Published: July 2002

The oxidants of the SH groups (o‐iodozobenzoate, oxidized glutathione, etc.) and the divalent cations of some metals (Zn2+ and Cd2+) significantly slow down the rate of inactivation by the protein inhibitor of the isolated F1‐ATPase and ATPase in submitochondrial particles. Modification of SH groups in the ATPase does not change the rate of inactivation but completely prevents the effect of oxidants.
Retention of ellipticity between enzymatic states of the Ca2+‐ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Nakamoto Robert K. , Inesi Giuseppe
Published: July 2002

Circular dichroism spectra in the peptide region were obtained from the Ca2+‐ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum, to establish whether transitions of intermediate states of the enzyme cycle are accompanied by large changes of secondary structure. Since membrane‐bound ATPase was used to avoid denaturation, absolute estimates of secondary structural content could not be obtained, due to light scattering interference. Nevertheless, it was possible to demonstrate unambiguously that nearly constant ellipticity is retained by the enzyme following enzyme transitions produced by calcium binding or phosphorylation, even though conformational changes are revealed by other structural probes under the same conditions. We conclude that the conformational changes involved in the long‐range reciprocal influence of calcium and phosphorylation sites are related to ligand‐induced displacements of amino acid residues which in turn produce reorientation of whole peptide segments of the ATPase protein. This is contrasted by the behavior of calmodulin which undergoes a definite change in ellipticity upon calcium binding.
A unified scheme for carbon and electron flow coupled to ATP synthesis by substrate‐level phosphorylation in the methanogenic bacteria
Authors: Lancaster J.R.
Published: July 2002

Due primarily to considerations of the nature of the electron transfer reactions which drive ATP synthesis in the methanogenic bacteria, substrate‐level phosphorylation (SLP) has been generally ruled out. Recent studies, however, have cast doubt on an obligatory role for a transmembrane ion gradient in coupling. In this paper, a scheme is proposed for SLP coupled to methane formation. The essential features are phosphorylation of bound C1 intermediate coupled to intermolecular electron transfer in a multifunctional protein complex containing a collection of bound C1 and electron carriers. ATP synthesis is accomplished by subsequent phosphoryl transfer. The scheme is analogous to all known mechanisms of SLP and is compatible with most of the data published to date.
Mitogen treatment of permeabilized human T lymphocytes stimulates rapid tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of a 42 kDa protein
Authors: Mire Anthony R. , Wickremasinghe R.Gitendra , Hoffbrand A.Victor
Published: July 2002

Three agents which are mitogenic for T lymphocytes (phytohaemagglutinin, monoclonal antibody UCHT 1 and 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate) stimulated rapid phosphorylation of a 42 kDa protein in per‐meabilized T lymphocytes. Phosphorylation occurred on tyrosine and serine residues. A non‐mitogenic monoclonal antibody (RFT11) did not stimulate phosphorylation of this protein. Furthermore, the dose response of 42 kDa protein phosphorylation and of mitogenesis to increasing amounts of phytohaemagglutinin were closely similar. We therefore propose that mitogen‐stimulated phosphorylation of the 42 kDa protein is part of the mechanism for transduction of mitogenic signals in lymphocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of rapid, ligand‐stimulated tyrosine protein phosphorylation in T lymphocytes.
N‐terminal‐methionylated interleukin‐1β has reduced receptor‐binding affinity
Authors: Wingfield Paul , Graber Pierre , Movva N.Rao , Gronenborn Angela M. , MacDonald H.Robson
Published: July 2002

The receptor‐binding affinity of recombinant‐derived interleukin‐1β containing unprocessed N‐terminal methionine (MAPV‐) was 10‐fold lower than protein containing the authentic N‐terminal sequence (APV‐). Structural analysis of the methionylated and non‐methionylated proteins by NMR spectroscopy detected no (or minor) conformational differences. The differences in binding affinity, therefore, suggest that the additional N‐terminal methionine causes a small, direct or indirect, perturbation of the receptor‐binding region.
Control of cytoplasmic pH by Na+/H+ exchange in rat peritoneal macrophages activated with phorbol ester
Authors: Rotstein Ori D. , Houston Kimberly , Grinstein Sergio
Published: July 2002

The mechanisms underlying cytoplasmic pH (pHi) regulation in elicited rat peritoneal macrophages were investigated by electronic sizing and fluorescence determinations. Acid‐loaded cells rapidly regained normal pHi by means of an amiloride‐sensitive Na+/H+ exchange. When stimulated by 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl phorbol 13‐acetate, macrophages displayed a biphasic pHi change: a marginal acidification followed by an alkalinization. The latter results from activation of Na+/H+ exchange, since it is Na+‐dependent and prevented by amiloride. When the antiport is inhibited, the full magnitude of the initial acidification can be appreciated. This acidification is independent of the nature of the ionic composition of the medium and probably reflects accumulation of protons generated during the metabolic burst. Under physiological conditions, these protons are rapidly extruded by the Na+/H+ antiport.