bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary adherence and the associated factors among Indonesian patients with type 2 diabetes: what should we be concerned about?†
Authors: Khusna Rohmah Puriana , Pangastuti Heny Suseani , Wicaksana Anggi Lukman
Published: December 2023

Objective

To identify the level of dietary adherence for particular foods and determine which are challenging for patients with diabetes in Indonesia, as well as the associated factors.

Methods

This study was conducted in a primary health care facility, using a cross-sectional design. Diabetic patients who had received dietary education, agreed to participate, and adult age were invited. All patients with type 1, gestational, and other types of diabetes who did not join regular meetings of Prolanis and were reported moving or dying were excluded. The data collection used demographic and perceived dietary adherence questionnaires (PDAQs). Moreover, the height, weight, and blood glucose level were recorded. Data were analyzed using Pearson, point biserial correlation, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests.

Results

The respondents were mostly female, married, and non-smoking with a mean age of 60.2 ± 8.48 years. Mean score for dietary adherence was 29.7 ± 8.85 with scores from the specific food groups between 0.72 ± 1.89 and 4.60 ± 2.30. The lower scores of adherence were identified on low-sugar foods, high-fiber foods, fish and foods with high omega-3, and olive/organic oils in cooking. Additionally, people living with diabetes for more than 10 years and not having any comorbidity showed a higher score of dietary adherence.

Conclusions

There were 4 groups of foods that had a low score of adherence. Accordingly, health care providers working in primary health care should be concerned about those 4 food groups during diabetes education and counseling. Public health workers should make more efforts to promote consumption of the healthy diet among patients with diabetes, particularly those who have had diabetes for less than 10 years and other comorbidities.
Exploring the research area of direct taxation. An empirical analysis based on bibliometric analysis results
Authors: Manta Eduard Mihai , Davidescu Adriana Ana Maria , Geambasu Maria Cristina , Florescu Margareta Stela
Published: December 2023

The investigation and exploration of the general fiscal field with emphasis on “direct taxation” through the analysis of the published scientific literature, looking at the conceptual, intellectual, and collaborative structure while highlighting the future research directions is aiming to visualize the prevailing knowledge structure in order to help the future researchers and research clusters. A sample of 557 documents was extract from the Web of Science platform for the 1954 - 2022-time range and a bibliometric analysis was applied as a quantitative technique to investigate the scientific literature. The main questions for which this study could offer an answer are: Are there emerging subfields or topics within direct taxations research? Which authors have made significant contributions to the study of direct taxation? But what are the most influential and frequently cited publications? How has the research on direct taxations evolved over time in terms of publication trends? Is there any geographical concentration of research in this area? Which collaborative partnerships are standing out?
Opportunities and Limits of Presidential Activism: Czech presidents compared
Authors: Kopeček Lubomír
Published: December 2023

This article analyses the use of powers by Czech presidents Václav Havel (1993–2003), Václav Klaus (2003–2013) and Miloš Zeman (2013–2023). The text is based on the concept of presidential activism, empirically examining mainly their interactions with governments and legislative vetoes. The results show that important incentives for presidential activism are non-cohesive coalition governments, minority governments, slim government majorities in parliament, the collapse of governments and a chaotic parliament. On the other hand, the internal cohesion of a government acts as a constraint on presidential activism. Popularly elected Zeman interpreted his powers much more widely in appointing and removing governments and ministers than Havel or Klaus, who were elected by parliament. By contrast, Zeman used his legislative powers less than his two predecessors, which was apparently influenced by their low success (with some exceptions) in this area. The president’s political proximity to the government was found to only sometimes limit his agility. Czech presidents have rarely been passive. A specific factor that affected activism, albeit only to a limited extent, was the poor health of Havel and Zeman at certain moments. To reduce systemic risks in the future, it would be useful to define more precisely the rules for appointing and dismissing a government and individual ministers.
ALPPS Procedure for the Treatment of Bilobar Multiple Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: First Case in RN Macedonia
Authors: Selmani Rexhep , Karadzov Zoran , Begovic Goran , Rushiti Qemal , Memeti Shaban , Dimitrova Magdalena G. , Spirovska Tanja , Atanasova Marija , Selmani Arian
Published: December 2023

Introduction: ALPPS (Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy), is a recently developed procedure, first performed by HJ Schlitt in Regensburg, Germany. The technique developed two stages of hepatectomy. The ALPPS procedure has been introduced to increase the volume of future liver remnant, much more than the other technique, such as PVE (portal vein embolization). The first ALPPS in our country was introduced and performed by our team on May 15th, 2018.

Results: The 60-year-old patient was previously operated on for rectal cancer in 2017 at another institution. The operation was performed with anterior resection and the patient was in long term adjuvant chemotherapy. One year after surgery, the patient has multiple bilobar liver metastases and increased tumor markers that led to instant admission to our institution for liver resection. In the first stage, we performed four metastasectomies on the left lobe with right portal vein ligation and transection on the Cantlie line. The second stage was performed after a CT evaluation on the eighth day, with significant hypertrophy on the left lobe. Pathological findings reported ten metastases on the right lobe with a diameter 1-3 cm. The patient was on the long-term chemotherapy, and after one year he had other MS in the IVa segment of the liver. We also performed a metastasectomy. The patient died 32 months after ALPPS.

Conclusion: ALPPS is a safe and feasible procedure for the treatment of bilobar liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. It could provide long-term survival for patients.
Predictive Admission Risk Factors, Clinical Features and Kidney Outcomes in Covid-19 Hospitalised Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Taneska Aleksandra Canevska , Rambabova-Bushljetik Irena , Markovska Zaklina Shterjova , Milenkova Mimoza , Vasileva Adrijana Spasovska , Zafirova Biljana , Pushevski Vladimir , Severova Galina , Trajceska Lada , Spasovski Goce
Published: December 2023

Introduction: In COVID-19 patients, acute kidney injury (AKI) is recognized as a cause of high mortality. The aim of our study was to assess the rate and the predictors of AKI as well as survival among COVID-19 patients.

Methods: We analyzed clinical and laboratory admission data, predictors of AKI and outcomes including the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and mortality at 30 days.

Results: Out of 115 patients, 62 (53.9%) presented with AKI: 21 (33.9%) at stage 1, 7(11.3%) at stage 2, and 34 (54.8%) at stage 3. RRT was required in 22.6% of patients and was resolved in 76%. Pre-existing CKD was associated with a 13-fold risk of AKI (p= 0.0001). Low albumin (p = 0.017), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.022) and increase of creatine kinase over 350UI (p = 0.024) were independently associated with a higher risk for AKI. Mortality rates were significantly higher among patients who developed AKI compared to those without (59.6% vs 30.2%, p= 0.003). Low oxygen blood saturation at admission and albumin were found as powerful independent predictors of mortality (OR 0.937; 95%CI: 0.917 – 0.958, p = 0.000; OR 0.987; 95%CI: 0.885–0.991, p= 0.024, respectively). Longer survival was observed in patients without AKI compared to patients with AKI (22.01± 1.703 vs 16.69 ± 1.54, log rank p= 0.009).

Conclusion: Renal impairment is significant in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The severity of the disease itself is emphasized as main contributing mechanism in the occurrence of AKI, and lower blood saturation at admission is the strongest mortality predictor, surpassing the significance of the AKI itself.
Influence of perfluoroorganic emulsion on morphometric parameters of the liver in a systemic inflammatory response (experimental study)
Authors: Ziamko V. Yu. , Dzyadzko A. M. , Shcherba A. E. , Pushkin S. Yu. , Arshintseva E. V. , Grushin V. N.
Published: December 2023

Theobjectivewas to study the effect of drug «Oxyphtem»1 on liver morphometric parameters in a systemic inflammatory response.

Materials and methods.The experimental study was carried out on male Wistar rats (n= 26). The rats of the experimental group were injected with drug «Oxyphtem» intravenously once. Daily observation was carried out during14 days. Rats were taken out of the experiment on the 15thday under light ether anesthesia. Liver samples were fixed in 10 % neutral formalin in phosphate buffer for 24 hours. Histological preparations were studied using the Measure Pixels image analysis computer program based on a Leica 2000 light microscope.

Results.In the intact group of rats, no violations of the liver parenchyma were detected: hepatocytes had clear boundaries, the lamellar structure was preserved and sinusoidal capillaries were not dilated. With the development of the systemic inflammatory response in the liver of rats of the control group, expansion and blood filling of the central veins and sinusoids, violation of the structure of the liver plates, and perinuclear edema of hepatocytes were noted. In the experimental group of rats with the use of drug «Oxyphtem», the preservation of the structure of the liver plates was observed, binuclear hepatocytes were found, and the sinusoids were not expanded. We hypothesize that hepatocyte proliferation and the increase in binuclear hepatic cells were indicative of the regenerative response to systemic inflammatory damage and metabolic demand.

Conclusion.The use of drug «Oxyphtem» under conditions of the experimental systemic inflammatory response increases reparative regeneration and adaptation of the liver.
Dysphagia in pediatric intensive care unit patients (review)
Authors: Lisitsa I. A. , Aleksandrovich Yu. S. , Zavyalova A. N. , Lisovskii O. V. , Razumov S. A.
Published: December 2023

The known negative consequences of intensive care unit stays, summarized as the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and including swallowing disorders (dysphagia) are also encountered in pediatric practice.

Materials and methods. The non-systematic review of literature sources was carried out. Domestic publications were searched in the database on the elibrary website, foreign publications – in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cichrane Library, Cyberleninka, ResearchGate databases in the period of 1990–2023. When analyzed for the query «Dysphagia in Children», 1,496 results were found, «Post-intensive care syndrome in children» – 82 results. We analyzed 142 full-text publications describing the causes, mechanisms, and clinical presentation of dysphagia in children whose swallowing disorders occurred after hospitalization in intensive care units or were associated with severe somatic diseases.

Results. The review analyzes the causes, features of diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia in pediatric patients with PIСS. 5 groups of causes in the structure of PIСS that can lead to the development of dysphagia were considered: infectious-trophic, vegetative-metabolic, neuromuscular, emotional-cognitivecomplications and decreased quality of life compared to the premorbid level. Complications associated with the development of dysphagia lead to increased length of stay in intensive care and hospitalization, lead to the development of malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia and other complications. The mechanisms of dysphagia development in children in intensive care units were analyzed. The main ways of dysphagia progression in pediatric practice are determined.

Conclusion. Clarification of the causes and understanding of the mechanisms of dysphagia development in conjunction with the implementation of rehabilitation programs can contribute to the improvement of clinical outcomes in children who have undergone a critical condition in the immediate post-discharge period and in the future.
Análisis de la generación energética a partir del biogás obtenido en la planta de tratamiento de agua residual El Salitre (Bogotá)
Authors: Rodríguez Cortés Lina María
Published: December 2023

La Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Residual (PTAR) El Salitre trata 7m3/s de agua residual de aproximadamente la mitad de la población de la ciudad de Bogotá. El biogás procedente de la digestión anaerobia de este proceso se compone principalmente de CH4 y CO2. Este trabajo se basa en la recolección y análisis de información de la planta, considerando los datos técnicos de la PTAR, las inversiones, el gasto energético actual y el potencial de ahorro de energía. En este caso se busca evaluar el autoabastecimiento de la planta con la energía disponible de sus subproductos a través de cogeneración. Analizando el escenario actual y los potenciales, se obtienen importantes mejoras en el aprovechamiento energético y la posibilidad de mejorar el proceso con energía térmica que no se aprovecha actualmente. A nivel económico se deben realizar elevadas inversiones que requieren mayor financiación y posiblemente incentivos gubernamentales que resultan rentables considerando la vida útil del sistema propuesto.
Diseño de un componente gerencial para apoyar la toma de decisiones de relaciones con el cliente en la empresa Guter Technology
Authors: Puello Plinio , Vizcaino Salazar Andres , Rodriguez Ribon Julio
Published: December 2023

El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido el de diseñar un componente gerencial para apoyar las relaciones con el cliente en la empresa Guter Technology, utilizando la metodología por componentes propuesta por Kenneth y Jane Laudon. Mediante la investigación se identificaron falencias en la relación con el cliente y se desarrollaron procesos de negocio basados en las actividades de la empresa. Con este componente se posibilitará la mejora de las campañas de fortalecimiento del mercado de clientes actuales y también el enfocar esfuerzos hacia clientes con mayor flujo de ventas.
Gestión educativa para la innovación ¿cómo impactar los tres niveles del proceso formativo?
Authors: Velez Ramos Jeimy , Ballestas Jaime , Hernández Carlos
Published: December 2023

La educación de calidad está ávida de experiencias que conecten la realidad de los territorios con los procesos formativos de los estudiantes, esto con la finalidad de que cada individuo desarrolle las competencias necesarias para moverse en la sociedad actual con bienestar y responsabilidad. Este trabajo presenta el Foro Ciudad+, una práctica pedagógica innovadora que sirve como elemento de caracterización y ejemplificación de los procesos de planeación, ejecución, evaluación y actuación, que impactan los tres niveles del proceso formativo a nivel de la gestión educativa para la innovación: Estratégico, Táctico y Operativo. El enfoque del estudio fue cualitativo con alcance descriptivo. La población estuvo compuesta por 232 estudiantes que participaron en el foro Ciudad+ IV. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se pueden mencionar la mejora en el nivel de competencia de los participantes, así como, la práctica en sí misma que se concreta en la ejecución de proyectos en los tres niveles del proceso formativo.
Poikilodermic form of mycosis fungoides in a young patient with a good clinical response to UV therapy
Authors: Burtseva Natalia Yu. , Melnikova Tatiana V. , Monakhov Konstantin N. , Sokolovskiy Evgeny V.
Published: December 2023

The article presents a description of the poikilodermic form of mycosis fungoides in a young patient. At the time of presentation, the skin lesion had existed for about 4 years and was slowly progressing. A skin biopsy was performed with histological examination, based on the results of which a diagnosis of lichen sclerosus was established. Subsequently, the skin process progressed, and rashes appeared that were not typical for lichen sclerosus. There was an assumption that the patient had a poikilodermic form of mycosis fungoides. The diagnosis was confirmed after performing histological and immunohistochemical studies of a skin biopsy. General narrow-band mid-wave ultraviolet therapy was performed with good clinical results.
Harmful traditional eye practices in Nigeria and its burden on eye care: A review of literature
Authors: Nathaniel Godswill Inye , Eze Ugochukwu Anthony
Published: December 2023

Background/Aim:

The use of traditional eye medication (TEM) is an age-long practice whose negative effects on eye health have been well documented. TEM involves the application of different harmful preparations to the eye as a form of treatment. This article is aimed at highlighting the burden of harmful traditional practices on eye care in Nigeria.

Methodology:

A review of available literature was conducted to summarize the different types of harmful traditional eye practices in Nigeria, including the many different preparations used. Prevalence of harmful traditional practices, determinants, burden in Nigeria. Issues relating to determinants, prevalence, indications for TEM use, presentation of patients with a history of TEM use, ocular complications following TEM use, the pathway to blindness with TEM use, economic burden, and prevention were considered in the review. The prevalence of TEM use was 15.5%, and the common determinants included low socioeconomic status, rural residence, poor access to conventional eye care, and cultural beliefs. The indications for the use of these medications included blurring of vision, red eyes, ocular pain, and itching. Patients who used TEMs presented with various levels of visual impairment (14.5% and 13.1%, respectively, for moderate and severe visual impairment), and 51.3% were reported blind at presentation. The common complications of these agents were corneal scars (opacities), staphylomas, endophthalmitis and panophthalmitis, corneal ulcers and perforations, uveitis, band and bullous keratopathies, complicated cataracts, subluxated lens, and descemetoceles.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of TEM use, visual impairment, and blindness arising from it is high in Nigeria. The ocular morbidities that follow TEM use constitute a significant burden (economic and otherwise) on eye care delivery in the country. A multipronged approach by stakeholders is required to mitigate the enablers of TEM practice in Nigeria. Furthermore, where there are complications, prompt referral to an ophthalmologist is advocated as they are well-equipped to provide the most appropriate management.
Utilising Oncofix’s Questionnaire-based Artificial Intelligence Tool for Cancer Screening
Authors: Gupta Prashant
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the advantages of implementing Oncofix’s questionnaire-based artificial intelligence (AI) tool for cancer screening. The study comprises a risk stratification analysis involving 9,000 participants, followed by subsequent screening for various cancers. The outcomes demonstrate the tool’s effectiveness in identifying individuals at high risk, leading to the early detection of prostate, colon, lung, and breast cancers. This research highlights the potential of AI-based screening tools in improving early detection rates, optimising resource allocation, and enhancing patient outcomes.
Structure and evolution of hydrocarbon systems of the marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean (Eastern Arctic)
Authors:   Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Kerimov V.Y. , Lavrenova E.A. ,   Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Mustaev R.N. ,   Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Mamedov R.A. ,   Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of studying the structure and evolution of hydrocarbon systems in the marginal seas of the Eastern Arctic — the Chukchi, East Siberian and Laptev Seas. The authors assess the hydrocarbon potential of the studied water areas basing on the results of the basin analysis and numerical modeling. Three promising sedimentary complexes Aptian–Upper Cretaceous, Paleocene–Eocene, and Oligocene–Lower Miocene are predicted in the composition of the sedimentary cover. It is shown that the development of hydrocarbon systems is determined mainly by the rate of sinking of the basins and the thickness of the formed overburden complexes. The main centers of hydrocarbon generation of the Aptian–Upper Cretaceous perspective complex are located in the North Chukchi trough, while those of the Paleocene–Eocene and Oligocene–Lower Miocene complex are located in the Laptev Sea basin. The most likely areas of hydrocarbon accumulation in the reservoirs of the Aptian–Upper Cretaceous complex are the marginal parts of the North Chukchi and East Siberian basins, where deposits are expected at a depth of ~5 km. In the Laptev Sea basin, in addition to the marginal zones, there is a large accumulation area in its central part with deposits predicted at a depth of ≥5 km. In the Paleogene (Paleocene–Eocene) complex, hydrocarbon accumulations are predicted mainly in the central parts of the studied basins and, to a lesser extent, in the near-side parts. The occurrence depths of promising objects vary from 5–6 km in the central parts to 2–3 km in the near-side ones. In the Oligocene-Lower Miocene complex, hydrocarbon accumulations are expected mainly within the Laptev Sea basin at depths of 3–5 km. Significant hydrocarbon potential may be associated with Paleogene clinoform deposits.
Distribution of subsea permafrost (frozen ground) in the Laptev Sea based on seismic refraction data
Authors:   Oil and Gas Research Institute of RAS, Bogoyavlensky V.I. , Kishankov A.V. ,   Oil and Gas Research Institute of RAS, Kazanin A.G. ,   JSC Marine Arctic Geological Expedition
Published: December 2023

For the first time, for an area of 454 thousand km2 of the Laptev Sea, processing and comprehensive analysis of a large volume of records of the first arrivals of refracted waves of common shot gathers was carried out along 113 CDP seismic lines of JSC MAGE with a total length of about 20.7 thousand km. Fundamentally new information was obtained on the state of the subsea cryolithozone, and the boundary between the predominant distribution of frozen (Southern zone) and thawed (Northern zone) ground was identified. It was substantiated that a number of identified through taliks in the Southern zone have an endogenous genesis and are associated with large disjunctive displacements. High seismic activity in the central part of the Laptev Sea improves faults permeability, which contributes to the activation of subvertical migration of deep fluid flows and enhances the role of the endogenous factor in the degradation of permafrost (frozen ground) and gas hydrates. A large thawed zone was discovered in the North Western area of JSC MAGE activities, approaching close to the coast of Taimyr. A comparison of the results obtained with the data of the stratigraphic well DL-1, drilled in 2022 by FSBI VSEGEI and JSC Rosgeologia near the eastern border of the Laptev Sea, showed their complete correspondence, clearly indicating completed degradation of subsea permafrost in a significant part of the seas of Eastern Siberia.
Carbon reserves in the upper soil sediments of Samoilovsky, Bolshoy Lyakhovsky and Kotelny islands
Authors:   Melnikov Permafrost Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shepelev A.G.
Published: December 2023

In the tundra swamps of Samoilovsky Island carbon reserves amounted to 21.5 kg TOC/m2 and 0.6 kg TIC/m2. On Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island it makes 51.6 kg TOC/m2 and 5.9 kg TIC/m2. In the grass-hypnum bogs of Kotelny island 12.4 kg TOC/m2 and 0.3 kg TIC/m2 are deposited. On the coastal outcrops of Samoilovsky island with thermal abrasion and thermal denudation reserves vary between 85.8—115.5 kg TOC/m2 and 6.9—7.3 kg TIC/m2, and on Bolshoy Lyakhovsky island — 51.6 kg TOC/m2 and 5.4 kg TIC/m2. In the baidzharakhs of Bolshoy Lyakhovsky island the average carbon reserves make 38.6 kg TOC/m2 and 6.1 kg TIC/m2.
Resource base of therapeutic mineral waters in the Komi Republic
Authors:   Yushkin Institute of Geology, Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mityusheva T.P.
Published: December 2023

The Komi Republic, occupying a vast (416.8 thousand km2) territory in the European northeast with a small (less than 800 thousand people) population, belongs to the regions with poor development of the sanatorium-resort complex, though with a large potential. In the republic, the role of mineral waters as a natural healing factor is not sufficiently appreciated and the use is limited. Natural medicinal resources of the Komi Republic — different in composition and properties, according to the main balneological indicators, underground mineral waters that can have a strong physiological effect on the human body are represented by groups: bromine, iodine-bromine, boron, hydrogen sulfide, ferruginous and with a high content of organic matter, with a maximum the distribution of waters “without specific components and properties.” The general characteristics of exploited mineral water deposits are given. Highly mineralized waters and brines from three deposits are used for balneotherapy, industrial bottling is carried out at two deposits of medicinal mineral drinking waters. The degree of development of explored mineral reserves is only 1% of the total. The average value of mineral water bottled in the republic is only 5 l/year per person. On the territory of the Komi Republic in the Arctic zone there are two deposits of drinking mineral waters: Yaneytyvisskoe in the area of the city of Vorkuta and Komanyurskoe in the city of Usinsk, which are not used. On their basis, it is possible to create enterprises for the production of bottled therapeutic mineral waters. Mineral underground water deposits have not been explored within the Nenets Autonomous Area, while the Pymva-Shor thermal springs are especially promising in using for balneological purposes. The author has substantiated the wider use of mineral waters for resort and economic development of the territory.
Northern delivery as a trigger for the transport development in the Arctic zone of Yakutia and the Far East as a whole
Authors:   Economic Research Institute of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leonov S.N. , Zaostrovskikh E.A. ,   Economic Research Institute of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes the scheme for organizing the northern delivery of goods to Yakutia, identifies the main problems of the development of regional transport infrastructure, and proves that the northern delivery improvement by the development of water transport will allow the formation of a railway — river transport corridor (Skovorodino — Yakutsk — Tiksi). The Yakutsk transit meridian railway-river corridor will solve many logistical problems of northern delivery by redirecting part of the cargo from the Northern Sea Route to the south of the region and backwards. As a result, the spatial configuration of the transport network of the Sakha Republic will be able to “complete” the transport infrastructure of the Far Eastern Federal District by integrating the Yakutsk railway and river corridor as a western segment into the structure of the promising Great Far Eastern Transport Ring. The measure will expand significantly the prospects for the development of Yakutia and the Far East as a whole, and the logistics potential of the emerging transport ring in the future will complement favorably the Northern Sea Route, reducing the total distance of cargo delivery by 3—3.5 thousand km.
Organization of transport services for the population of the Russian Arctic remote areas (using the example of the Arkhangelsk region)
Authors:   M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Nenasheva M.V. , Grishchenko I.V. ,   Northern Agency for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring
Published: December 2023

Using the example of the Primorsky district of the Arkhangelsk Territory, the authors give the characteristics of transport services for hard-to-reach settlements in the Russian Arctic. They show the influence of socio-economic factors on passenger transportation and the need of the local population for transport services. The authors outline that the lack of a road network and year-round automobile communication causes the high dependence of local residents on waterways. At the same time, the level of water transport service is low and does not cover the population’s needs for passenger transportation. The research shows the role of small-sized shipping in organizing the transport mobility of the population. The studied influence of climatic factors on shipping has become especially noticeable in connection with the general socio-economic crisis and the increased need of rural residents for regular trips to regional and district centers. The researchers propose the ways to improve the level of transport services, which include the development of a scientifically based regional program for providing the population with transport, taking into account social needs, economic development of the territory and natural and climatic factors.
ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Kerimova S. Sh.
Published: December 2023

Background. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with unpredicted clinical course and outcomes. Histology is an important part of UC diagnosis and plays an increasing role in management of patients, since more and more histological signs with prognostic value are being identified and confirmed. Objective. To describe a clinical case of death of a UC patient with intrahepatic cholestasis. Material and methods. The article presents autopsy and pathology findings in UC. Results. A patient admitted to the hospital for unspecified acute hepatitis, nonspecific ulcerative colitis and gastrointestinal bleeding died because of ulcerative colitis complicated by sclerosing cholangitis. The course of ulcerative colitis was complicated by bleeding from ulcerated areas; by intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis as well as necrosis of hepatocytes associated with sclerosing cholangitis; by the development of hepatorenal syndrome and sepsis, that resulted in fatal outcome. Conclusions. Multiple severe disturbances occurring in UC pathogenesis result in mutual aggravation syndrome involving interaction of pathophysiological processes with subsequent patient's condition deterioration as well as increased risk of complications and death.
ACUTE PERFORATED JEJUNAL ULCER IN A CHILD WITH JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS (CASE REPORT)
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Navasad V. V. , Kavalchuk V. I. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Kozich А. A. ,   Grodno Regional Clinical Pediatric Hospital, Grodno, Belarus, Khudovcova H. V. ,   Grodno Regional Clinical Pediatric Hospital, Grodno, Belarus
Published: December 2023

Background. Juvenile dermatomyositis (JD) is an inflammatory myopathy in children with predominant involvement of the proximal muscles of the extremities, the development of systemic vasculitis and characteristic skin changes. It is accompanied by progressive muscle weakness, including smooth muscles of the respiratory and digestive organs, as well as striated muscle tissue of the heart. Joint damage and calcification are noted. JD is confirmed by the detection of myositis antibodies in the blood. Corticosteroids and cytostatics are usually prescribed. It should be noted that as of 2023, only 4 patients with this disease were registered in the Republic of Belarus. Objective. To demonstrate a rare case of diagnosis and treatment of perforated jejunal ulcer in a child with JD. Material and methods. Data from the clinical observation of patient Sh., aged 3, treated in the department of emergency surgery of Grodno Regional Children's Clinical Hospital in October 2023. Results. The child was admitted to the children's hospital complaining of abdominal pain, vomiting (3 times), the duration of the disease being 17 hours. The dynamic observation revealed no acute surgical pathology. Acute gastritis was diagnosed, the concomitant pathology being JD (acute course, 2nd degree activity). On the 5th day (on the day of discharge) the child had a sudden bloating. Plain radiography revealed free gas under the diaphragm. The child underwent diagnostic laparoscopy that detected a perforated jejunal ulcer with peritonitis. Laparotomic jejunum resection with anastomosis was performed. Conclusions. We have presented a case, which the surgeons of our hospital have faced for the first time. Having analyzed literature data, we came to the conclusion that the complication was related to the underlying disease and its therapy with corticosteroids. Despite the complexity of the disease, the patient was discharged with an improvement in his condition.
Emerging Targets and Therapeutics in Immuno-Oncology Landscape: Insights from Natural Language Processing Analysis
Authors: Iyer Kavita , Ivanov Julian , Tenchov Rumiana , Ralhan Krittika , Rodriguez Yacidzohara , Sasso Janet , Scott Sabina , Zhou Qiongqiong
Published: December 2023

Rapid and sustained growth in the field of immuno-oncology has resulted in expansion of available scientific literature. Gaining valuable insights and establishing deep and often hidden meaningful connections in such a large body of work is the need of the hour. In this report we summarize our findings from a novel Natural Language Programming (NLP)-based approach on a large dataset of >350K scientific publications in immuno-oncology research spanning across two decades (2000-2022) retrieved from the CAS Content Collection. Our analysis led to identification of >300 emerging concepts across major categories such as therapeutic targets, biomarkers, therapies, and types of cancer. We present a “Trend Landscape Map” of emerging concepts in immuno-oncology possessing layers of intricacies – at first glance providing information for the >300 identified concepts arranged hierarchically across 8 major categories and at a deeper level providing detailed quantitative metrics of growth over the last three years (2020-2022). While concepts such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and chimeric antigenic receptors (CARs) continue to be important in immuno-oncology, their growth over the last three years have been modest. On the other hand, concepts including protein targets such as TROP2, nectin-4, and gasdermins display rapid increase in scientific publications over 2020-2022 while their absolute number of publications remain low potentially indicative of early emergence. Finally, guided by our trend landscape analysis, we performed substance data analysis leveraging data from >3.2 million substances from the CAS Registry and identified potential higher commercial interest in protein/peptide sequences rather than small molecules in cancer immunotherapy as seen with respect to patent publications. It is our hope that our subject matter experts' knowledge-guided big data analysis approach based on the corpus of robustly CAS indexed data provides a comprehensive picture of immuno-oncology as it stands today with the trend landscape map serving as a valuable resource to researchers in this field.
EPD-iSCAT: Electrophoretic Mass Photometry
Authors: Kowal Matthew , Seifried Teresa , Brouwer Carraugh , Tavakolizadeh Hooman , Olsén Erik , Grant Edward
Published: December 2023

Interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT) has rapidly developed as a quantitative tool for the label-free detection of single macromolecules and nanoparticles. In practice, this measurement records the interferometric scattering signal of individual nanoparticles in solution as they land and stick on a coverslip, exhibiting an intensity that varies linearly with particle volume, and an adsorption rate that reflects the solution-phase transport kinetics of the system. Together, such measurements provide a multidimensional gauge of particle size and concentration in solution over time. However, the landing kinetics of particles in solution also manifest a measurement frequency limitation imposed by the slow long-range mobility of particle diffusion to the measurement interface. Here we introduce a new technique that offers a novel means to overcome the inherent diffusion-controlled sampling limitation of spontaneous mass photometry. We term this methodology, electrophoretic deposition interferometric scattering microscopy (EPD-iSCAT). This approach uses a coverslip supporting a conductive thin film of indium tin oxide (ITO). Charging this ITO film to a potential of around 1 V electrophoretically draws charged nanoparticles from solution and binds them in the focal plane of the microscope. Regulating this potential offers a direct means to control particle deposition. Thus, we find for a 0.1 nM solution of 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles that the application of +1 V to an EPD-iSCAT coverslip assembly drives a electrophoetic deposition rate constant of 1.7 s−1 μm−2 nM−1. Removal of the potential causes deposition to cease. This user control of EPD-iSCAT affords a means to apply single-molecule mass photometery to monitor long-term changes in solution owing to slow kinetic processes. In contrast with conventional coverslips chemically derivatized with charged thin films, EPD-iSCAT maintains a deposition rate that varies linearly with bulk concentration.
Organocatalytic Desymmetrization Prompts Central-to-Planar Chirality Transfer to [2.2]Paracyclophanes
Authors: Dočekal Vojtěch , Koucký Filip , Císařová Ivana , Veselý Jan
Published: December 2023

Planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes consist of two functionalized benzene rings connected by two ethylene bridges. These organic compounds have a wide range of applications in asymmetric synthesis, as both ligands and catalysts, and in materials science, as polymers, energy materials and dyes. However, these molecules can only be accessed by enantiomer separation via a) time-consuming chiral separations and b) kinetic resolution approaches, often with a limited substrate scope, yielding both enantiomers. Here, we report a simple, efficient, metal-free protocol for organocatalytic desymmetrization of centrosymmetric diformyl[2.2]paracyclophanes. Our detailed experimental mechanistic study highlighted differences in the origin of enantiocontrol of pseudo-para and pseudo-ipso diformyl derivatives in NHC catalysed desymmetrizations based on whether a key Breslow intermediate is irreversibly or reversibly formed in this process. This gram-scale reaction enables a wide range of follow-up derivatizations of carbonyl groups, producing various enantiomerically pure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives, thereby underscoring the potential of this method.
Color stability of nano resin-modified glass Ionomer restorative cement after acidic and basic medications challenge
Authors: Hasan Zainab R , Al-Hasani Noor R , Malallah Osamah
Published: December 2023

Background: Color stability of glass ionomers (GIs) could be affected by many factors such as pH and consumption of liquid medications like antibiotics. Most common antibiotics used during childhood are amoxicillin suspension (AM.S) and azithromycin suspension (AZ.S) which have acidic and basic pH respectively. Aim: to evaluate and compare the effect of AM.S and AZ.S on color stability of nano resin-modified GI. Methods: Thirty disc of nano resin-modified glass ionomer (2mm height x 4mm diameter) were divided into three groups (n=10 for each) and independently exposed to AM.S, AZ.S, and artificial saliva (A.S.). Color stability was evaluated in triplicate by VITA Easyshade® before and after three immersion protocols, repeated over a three-week duration with two-days intervals. In each protocol, samples were exposed for two minutes, three times daily for AM.S, once daily for AZ.S, and A.S. full day. GI discs rinsed off after each immersion and kept in artificial saliva until next immersion period. Results: One way ANOVA test and Post-hoc analysis of the changes in color space compartments of nano-resin modified GI samples demonstrated just a significant change (p˂0.05) in yellow-blue axis (Δb*) value after immersion in AM.S in comparison with A.S. Total Color change values (ΔE) of nano resin-modified glass ionomer samples also illustrated a significant effect (p˂0.05) between AM.S and A.S. only. The highest (ΔE) value was recorded for samples immersed in AM.S (ΔE =12.5) followed by AZ.S (ΔE=6.5) while the lowest was recorded for A.S. (ΔE=1.1). Conclusion: AM.S (the acidic medication) exhibited a higher staining effect to nano-resin modified GI samples when compared with AZ.S (the basic medication). Several factors such as low pH, more exposure time and coloring material of the immersion media added critical roles in coloring instability.
Clinical case of delivery of a pregnant woman with large uterine leiomyoma and rehabilitation in the postoperative period
Authors: Garahulya Iryna , Demchenko Tetiana , Khaskhachikh Dmytro , Vasylenko Tetiana , Nuriieva Yuliia
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Uterine leiomyoma is a benign neoplasm of the smooth muscles of the uterus, which is one of the causes of infertility and miscarriage in women in the modern world. Delivery of pregnant women with large uterine leiomyoma is a current problem, since there is no single and clear opinion regarding the tactics of managing such patients. In the past, most specialists were inclined to perform hysterectomy after cesarean section, as they considered it the safest method of therapy, since myomectomy during cesarean section raised many questions related to complications during surgery and in the postoperative period. This article examines the modern view of specialists and the experience of the authors on organ-preserving tactics for the treatment of large uterine leiomyomas in women during pregnancy and delivery and analyzes rehabilitation in the postpartum period. The aim of the study. The aim of the study was to analyze scientific literature data on the advisability of performing myomectomy during cesarean section and combining the experience of other specialists with our own experience of delivery of pregnant woman with large uterine leiomyoma using a complex of intraoperative preventive measures. Materials and methods. A clinical case of delivery of a pregnant woman with large uterine leiomyoma and rehabilitation in the postoperative period is described. A systematic online study of articles on the topic of myomectomy during cesarean section was conducted. Results and discussion. Data from a significant number of works by other specialists indicate that preliminary substantiation of factors that may complicate surgical intervention (uterine contractility, anatomical localization, number and diameter of fibroids, as well as the presence of large vascular structures), the use of a set of preventive intraoperative measures and modern suture materials can reduce the amount of blood loss and prevent unfavorable postoperative results. Our proposed algorithm of action, including the administration of tranexamic acid before opening the anterior abdominal wall, a long-acting oxytocin agonist and the hemostatic sponge «Surgicel», allows us to minimize the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the risks of uncontrolled bleeding. It should also be noted that the addition of a cesarean section with myomectomy does not affect the course of rehabilitation in the postoperative period. Conclusions. Based on a study of literary sources over the past 10 years and our own research, we can conclude that myomectomy during cesarean section is advisable in the absence of contraindications. A combination of postoperative rehabilitation measures, tactics and techniques of surgical intervention, and prevention of intraoperative blood loss make it possible to ensure high-quality recovery for patients.
Moral Capital as an Element of Successful Transitions
Authors: Mladjan Mrdjan , Marković Dušan
Published: December 2023

Moral capital is of great importance for both the economic and non-economic well-being of a society. However, moral capital is likely to erode during transitions, especially economic ones. The aim of the work is to determine the mechanisms through which the economic and political transition contributes to the erosion of moral capital, but also which measures can affect the rebuilding of moral capital. Analyzing individual cases, especially in Serbia, we draw general conclusions about the impact of economic and political transition on the decline of moral capital in transition countries. In this paper, we argue that the processes put in motion during economic and political transitions that lead to loss of moral capital are likely to result in a new equilibrium state. This state is characterized by the migration of the bearers of moral capital both to the margins of society and out of society and is highly unlikely to be reversed without a focused intervention by the state and society. We further argue that economic theory could both offer a justification for such an intervention and inform on the most effective way to conduct it. This is because the loss of moral capital can be seen as an instance of market failure in transition, one in which parts of the transitional elite are imposing a negative externality on the rest of society. Internalizing this externality -by making the culprits responsible could make the transition more successful; it would benefit justice and prosperity not only in the current economic transition but also in the future restructuring of the national economy and society. We argue that measures to restore moral capital ought to combine monetary transfers, improvement of institutional framework, and immaterial incentives with the aim of initiating processes that could benefit the whole society. Legally required monetary transfers should repair direct damage caused by corrupt actions, but should not benefit any particular individual, while immaterial incentives should be initiated both by the state and the wider society. We found out that activities of transition elites contribute to negative externalities, such as deterioration of moral capital, which results in less social and economic well-being. Additionally, we propose measures which can contribute to the internalization of these externalities.