bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spring body condition of hen pheasants Phasianus colchicus in Great Britain
Authors: Draycott Roger A.H. , Parish David M.B. , Woodburn Maureen I.A. , Carroll John P.
Published: May 2018

In this study we sought to determine main predictors of the body condition of hen pheasants Phasianus colchicus in Great Britain. We collected a total of 181 hen pheasants from 21 estates throughout Britain in 1996 and 1997. Pheasants collected from shooting estates which undertook spring supplementary feeding had significantly larger fat reserves than pheasants collected from estates where supplementary feeding stopped at the end of the shooting season (1 February). Hens from estates managed for wild pheasants had larger fat reserves than hens from estates managed for reared pheasants. However, there was no difference in parasite loads of Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria sp. or Syngamus trachea between pheasants from wild and reared estates, and parasite load did not influence body condition. Our results suggest that food availability is a key factor influencing body condition of hen pheasants in Britain. We recommend that game managers provide supplementary grain in breeding territories through the spring to increase food availability and maintain pheasant body condition.
Regional Landscape Patterns and Distribution of the Siberian Flying Squirrel Pteromys volans in Northern Finland
Authors: Reunanen Pasi , Nikula Ari , Mönkkönen Mikko
Published: May 2018

Distribution of the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans in northern Finland, at the edge of its global range, is fairly distinctive: the species is apparently absent in the western part of the region (Pohjanmaa), occurs regularly in the central part (Koillismaa), and only sporadically further east closer to the Russian border (northern Kainuu). In this study, we examined landscape structure in these three regions using geographic information system (GIS) and multi‐source land use and cover data to identify key characteristics in landscape structure that are linked to the observed distribution pattern of the Siberian flying squirrel in northern Finland. We analysed landscape structure by studying habitat type proportions in nature reserves and in large‐scale landscape samples within the regions. In addition, landscape configuration and connectivity were analysed within larger landscape sample plots. Our results suggest that the observed distribution pattern is associated with natural patterns in landscape structure at local and regional scales. Open peat lands, bogs and non‐forested habitats dominate the landscape in the western part of the region and possibly account for the absence of the Siberian flying squirrel. More subtle differences between the central and eastern parts of the region indicate regional scale landscape responses of the species. The relatively high amount of spruce‐dominated mixed forests in the central part was associated with the regular occurrence of the Siberian flying squirrel, whereas the increasing dominance of pine forests towards the east was associated with the low number of sightings. Forest management history is much alike in the different parts of the region, but the effects of forest management on the actual range of the species cannot be estimated owing to a lack of knowledge on accurate population trends in northern Finland. However, human‐caused fragmentation and large‐scale habitat degradation may have long‐term effects on the persistence of the species in northern Finland.
Estimating weasel Mustela nivalis abundance from tunnel tracking indices at fluctuating field vole Microtus agrestis density
Authors: Graham Isla M.
Published: May 2018

Quantifying the abundance of small mustelids is important both for conservation purposes and for our understanding of ecosystem processes. Footprint tunnel tracking is one of the techniques now used to index the relative abundance of small mammals; however, there have been few or no previous attempts to calibrate indices of mustelid abundance derived from footprint tunnel tracking. Weasel Mustela nivalis abundance was assessed by footprint tunnel tracking and simultaneous live‐trapping, either capture‐mark‐recapture or removal, in six sites in northern England from April 1998 to February 2000. The number of tunnels with weasel footprints was tightly related to the number of weasels live‐trapped, although, as expected, the relationship varied with field vole Microtus agrestis density and season. Temperature had only a weak effect in the calibration. The same number of tunnels with weasel footprints was equivalent to greater weasel abundance at high vole density than at low vole density. Similarly, weasel abundance was greater for the same number of tunnels with weasel footprints in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. In conclusion, it is important to correct for variation in vole density when using activity indices such as footprint tunnel tracking to sample weasel abundance, otherwise spurious patterns may emerge from the use of such index data.
Habitat selection by Eurasian pine martensMartes martesin managed forests of southern boreal Scandinavia
Authors: Brainerd Scott M. , Rolstad Jørund
Published: May 2018

Using radio telemetry, we examined within home range habitat selection by the Eurasian pine martenMartes martes(11 males and eight females; 1,495 locations) in managed forest in two study areas, the Varaldskogen Wildlife Research Area, Norway, and the Grimso Wildlife Research Area, Sweden, near the southern limit of the boreal forest zone. Pine martens preferred spruce‐dominated forest with large (≥20 m tall) trees and avoided clearcuts and open habitats. Males and females used similar habitats and habitat use was little influenced by year, season and activity mode (active vs inactive). When habitat types were ranked in order of use, stands dominated by large spruce trees were preferentially selected over the lowest‐ranked habitats, i.e. pine‐dominated stands with trees <20 m tall, clearcuts, open areas and deciduous stands, but were used similar to other spruce‐dominated categories and pine‐dominated stands ≥20 m tall. Although pine martens exhibited selection and avoidance of certain habitat types, they were able to exploit a wide range of successional stages in forests with a long history of exploitation.
Effects of mate removal on the fecundity of common eider Somateria mollissima females
Authors: Hario Martti , Hollmén Tuula E. , Morelli Toni Lyn , Scribner Kim T.
Published: May 2018

Behavioural observations, measurements of male and female reproductive success, and DNA microsatellite loci were used to investigate parentage of common eider Somateria mollissima clutches and productivity of widowed females in Finland. In an experimental study simulating spring harvest of male eiders, a total of 20 males were shot while attending 16 females (four males after rematings, 16 initial males) during the pre‐laying and laying period in 1994. Of the 16 widowed females, 11 nested and five did not. Mean clutch size of breeding widows (4.55) did not differ from that of control females in the same year (4.47; N = 32). However, the hatching success of widows was significantiy lower than that of control females (53 vs 81%) because of a greater proportion of addled eggs and dead embryos (38% vs 11%). Male removal also appeared to change male and female behaviours resulting in higher incidence of intra‐specific brood parasitism and mate replacement. Occurrence of foreign eggs averaged 9.5% during the treatment year but was not observed during a year without disturbance during mating and egg laying (1997). Behaviours of widowed females related to remating attempts varied from active seeking of new mates to total rejection of courting males. Rematings did not lead to full clutch fertilisation among widowed females. Neither did we observe evidence of immigration of new males into the hunting area to court the widows. Male removal clearly lowered the fecundity of eider females, reducing nesting success by 35% of long‐term averages. The potential for remating appears to be reduced by the female‐biased sex ratio caused by simulated male‐only harvest.
Estimating marten Martes americana population size using hair capture and genetic tagging
Authors: Mowat Garth , Paetkau David
Published: May 2018

We tested non‐invasive genetic methods for estimating the abundance of marten Martes americana using baited glue‐patch traps to pull hair samples from individual animals. We divided our 800–km2 study area into 3 × 3 km cells and put one hair trap in each cell. We trapped 309 sites for an average of 15 days each between 15 January and 14 March 1997. Based on tracks in snow and hair morphology, we captured hair from marten, red squirrels Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, flying squirrels Glaucomys sabrinus, short or long‐tailed weasels Mustela erminea and M.frenata, and several unidentified mouse and vole species. Of 309 sites, 58% collected a marten hair sample while 8% of sites removed weasel hair. When roots were embedded in adhesive, a xylene wash was used to remove them before extracting DNA. All marten samples were genotyped at six microsatellite loci to identify individuals. Xylene‐washed samples yielded similar genotyping success to samples that had never been exposed to xylene, and genotyping success increased with the number of hairs in the sample. Genetic data allowed 139 samples to be assigned to 88 individual marten, constituting 124 capture events during the four trapping sessions. The population estimate for our study area was 213 (95% Cl: 148–348) and the average capture probability was 0.15. The density of marten in our study area was 0.33/km2 when inhospitable habitat was removed from the calculation. We believe hair sampling and genetic analysis could be used to measure population distribution, trend and size for marten, and perhaps also for other carnivores.
Analisis Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 2005 Tentang Guru Dan Dosen (Sebuah Kajian Kritis)
Authors: Sholikah Sholikah
Published: May 2018

Quality and equitable education for Indonesian children is a major capital to get out of the multidimensional crisis. Our nation today has been bored with the phenomenon of poverty that is mainly due to ignorance. The phenomenon should be taken seriously by the government by making policies aimed at creating a good and equitable quality of education for the community. If we look at the current reality that teachers having not met the national standard qualification are about 65%. There have been many teachers not in accordance with their field of expertise, and the main factor is the distribution of teachers mainly centered in urban areas. This is due to the limited ability of the government in improving the welfare of teachers. The government also seeks to put the teachers' status in their ideal position. Teachers' Profession in Law No. 14 of 2005 on Teacher and Lecturer is a profession that is the same as that of doctors, accountants, and Psychologists. To that end, teachers must have a certificate, so they must participate in any certification tests. The law stipulates that the professions of teacher and lecturer are highly respected and their presence is guaranteed. That means teachers and lecturers have been protected by a single legal umbrella that is not easy to change. It also guarantees the authority, self-development, prosperity, recruitment and transfer of teachers and lecturers.
MADEN MALİYET YAZILIMI KULLANILARAK AÇIK İŞLETME PLANLAMASINDA NİHAİ İŞLETME DERİNLİĞİ OPTİMİZASYONU
Authors: Mallı Tahir , Karakuş Doğan , Gönen Alper
Published: May 2018

Günümüzde maden işletme planlamasında temel hedef, Net bugünkü değerin yükseltilmesine yöneliktir. İdeale yakın gerçekçi bir planlamaya göre elde edilecek gelir, popüler yatırım değerlendirme yöntemi olan Net bugünkü değer (NBD) tekniği kullanılarak değerlendirilmektedir. NBD’i maksimum yapan işletme parametrelerinin belirlenmesi bu nedenle oldukça önemlidir. Özellikle optimum işletme kapasitesi, derinlik ve boyutsal sınırlar işletmenin ekonomikliğini de belirlemektedir. Mevcut madencilik sorunlarının çözümü, ideal işletme planlaması ile NBD yükseltilmesine dayandığından Maden Maliyet Optimizasyonu yazılımı (MCO), bu amaca yönelik tasarlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, yazılım kullanılarak madencilik fizibilitelerinin değerlendirilmesinde önemli parametre olarak öngörülen optimum açık işletme nihai derinliği ve işletme ömrünün daha kesin olarak belirlenmesine yönelik bir model önerilmektedir. İşletilebilir rezerv cevher ton başına elde edilmesi öngörülen NBD maksimizasyonu temel amaçtır. Bu yönüyle çalışmanın madencilik yatırımlarına yeni çözümleme stratejisiyle farklı bir yaklaşım getireceği düşünülmektedir.
ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMLERİ VE MADENCİLİK SEKTÖRÜNDE KULLANIMI
Authors: Mutlu Mert , Sarı Mehmet
Published: May 2018

Çok kriterli karar verilmesi (ÇKKV) hem objektif hem de sübjektif değerlendirme içermektedir. Yapılan bu derleme çalışmasında, literatürde çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı madenciliğin farklı alanlarında yapılmış çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Söz konusu yöntemlerin riskyönetim planlaması sürecinde kullanımından, uygun ekipman seçimi problemlerine, üretim yöntemi seçiminden, tesisler için uygun yer belirlenmesine, doğal taş ocaklarında kesme yöntemi seçimi gibi birçok farklı alanda kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Çok kriterli karar vermeyöntemleri yardımıyla karar verme sürecinde seçimi yapılmak istenilen alternatifler uygun bir ölçek kullanılarak sıralanabilmekte, böylece madencilikte karşılaşılan çeşitli problemlerin çözümünde karar vericilere yol gösterici nitelikte uygun seçenekler sunabilen faydalı birer araçolabilmektedirler.
TOOL FORCES AND SPECIFIC ENERGY PREDICTION MODELS IN THE PROCESS OF SANDSTONES CUTTING BY USING CONICAL PICKS
Authors: Wang Xiang , Wang Qing-feng , Su Okan
Published: May 2018

In this study, unrelieved rock cutting experiments were conducted at the linear rock cutting
machine and the characteristics of tool forces were discussed. The correlations among tool
forces, specific energy, cutting depth, and rock strength were analyzed using single factor
regression analysis method. Based on multiple non-linear regression method, the models of
tool forces and specific energy were developed considering the rock strength and cutting depth.
The results indicate that models of tool forces have the superior performance. When the model
of specific energy is analyzed using the compressive strength of the rock, it was seen that the
correlations are weak compared to the model related to tensile strength of rock. In conclusion, it
is emphasized that the proposed models presented in this study are particularly recommended
for performance prediction of soft and medium-hard strength sandstones in case conical picks
are employed.
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF CHAIN SAW MACHINES USING SCHMIDT HAMMER HARDNESS
Authors: Dursun Arif Emre
Published: May 2018

Schmidt hammer hardness (RL) provides a quick and inexpensive measure of surface hardness
that is widely used for estimating the mechanical properties of rock material such as strength,
sawability, cuttability and drillability. In this study, RL
as predictors, which is thought to be a
useful, simple and inexpensive test particularly for performance prediction of chain saw machine
(CSM), is suggested. This study aims to estimate CSM performance from RL
values of rocks.
For this purpose, rock cutting and rock mechanics tests were performed on twenty four different
natural stone samples having different strength values. In this study, Chain Saw Penetration
Index (CSPI) has been predicted based on RL
which is one of the two models previously used for
performance prediction of CSMs. The RL
values were correlated with UCS, CSPI and SE using
simple regression analysis with SPSS 15.0. As a result of this evaluation, RL
has a strong relation
with UCS and SE. It is statistically proved that the model based on RL
for predicting CSPI is valid
and reliable for performance prediction of CSM. Results of this study indicated that the CSPI of
CSMs could be reliably predicted by empirical model using RL
. 
Ejemplos y definiciones de ecuaciones: una ventana hacia el conocimiento conceptual de estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Fernández Millán Elena , Molina Marta
Published: May 2018

En este estudio utilizamos la generación de ejemplos y la definición de conceptos por estudiantes para indagar en el conocimiento conceptual implícito y explícito del concepto ecuación que han adquirido en la Educación Secundaria. Los estudiantes mostraron facilidad para generar ejemplos de ecuaciones y determinar diferencias entre ellos, dando evidencias de su conocimiento conceptual implícito. En cuanto al explícito, manifestaron dificultades para definir el concepto ecuación. Generar ejemplos les ayudó a identificar elementos comunes, generalizar y expresar verbalmente, aunque con ciertas limitaciones, lo que para ellos es una ecuación.Examples and Definitions of Equations: A Window to the Conceptual Knowledge of Secondary StudentsIn this study, we use the generation of examples and the definition of concepts by students to study their implicit and explicit conceptual knowledge of the concept of equation acquired in secondary education. Students showed facility to generate examples of equations and to determine differences between them, giving evidences of their implicit conceptual knowledge. As for the explicit knowledge, they evidenced difficulties in defining the concept of equation. Generating examples helped them to identify common elements, to generalize and to express verbally, although with some limitations, what an equation is for them.Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/50131Doi: https://doi.org/10.30827/pna.v12i3.6519Scopus record and citations
Sivas Folklorunda Büyükbaş ve Küçükbaş Hayvan Yetiştiriciliği ve Hayvansal Ürünlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SİNMEZ Çağrı Çağlar
Published: May 2018

Çalışmada, Sivas yöresinde büyükbaş ve
küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliği ile hayvansal ürünlerin elde ediliş ve
değerlendirilmesine yönelik folklorik bilgi ve uygulamaların ortaya çıkarılarak
Türk halkbilimi envanterine katkı sağlanması amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini,
Sivas yöresinde hayvancılıkla uğraşan 102 kaynak kişiden
yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak elde edilen veriler oluşturdu. Çalışma
kapsamında elde edilen bu veriler “büyükbaş ve küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliği”
ve “hayvansal ürünlerin değerlendirilmesi” başlıkları altında incelendi.
Çalışmada, “dölücek”, “sağsak”, “eşme”, “hezan”, “akbunluk”, “pernek”, “elçim” gibi
hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan folklorik terimler yanında “keşik gütme”, “örüm yayma”, “ediklemek”,
“kular enemesi”, “kesme”, “buzağı tezemesi” ve “burma”
gibi birçok yetiştiricilik uygulamasının olduğu tespit edildi. Yörede hayvan
boynuzlarından bıçak ve tarak gibi ev ve süs eşyalarının yapıldığı; koyun ve
keçi kılından çorap, keçe, kepenek, halı, kilim, çuval, torba ve “papak” dokunulduğu ve hayvan eti ve
sütünden kavurma,“tike”, “köremez”, “taşağız”, peynir, yağ ve yoğurt hazırlandığı belirlendi. Sivas
yöresinde büyükbaş ve küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliğinin yayla-mera ya da ahır
hayvancılığı üzerine yapıldığı, hayvanların büyük ölçüde geleneksel bilgilere
dayalı yöntemlerle yetiştirildiği, yetiştiricilikte yöreye özgü folklorik
kelime ve terimlerin kullanıldığı ve hayvansal ürünlerin ekonomiye ve el
sanatlarına olumlu katkılar sağladığı belirlendi.
The anatomy of spinal nerves in the “Teşrihü’l-Ebdan Min e’t-Tıb” written in the fourteenth century
Authors: BAHŞİ İlhan , ORHAN Mustafa , ÇETKİN Murat
Published: May 2018

Considering that the
visual dimension of anatomy cannot be ignored and an anatomy education without
the visual part will make a doctor imperfect in their profession, it may be
seen that pictorial anatomy books written in previous periods are highly
valuable.The purpose of this study is to investigate the spinal nerve anatomy
included in the work titled Teşrihü’l-Ebdan
min e’t-Tıb written in the XIVth century and compare the information at that
period to the information of our time.The nervous system was analyzed under a separate title in the book.
Firstly, general information was provided about nerves, and then cranial and
spinal nerves were described. The author stated in his work that there are two
differences between humans and animals as feeling and movement. He stated that
the center for feeling and movement is the brain and all nerves converge in the
brain.

Although there are insufficient or incorrect information in historical
books of medicine, such books are highly valuable as they show the scientific
progress. It is apparent that Mansur’s work titled Teşrihü’l-Ebdan min e’t-Tıb has a significant place in the history
of anatomy, and its influence was reflected in the following periods. Despite
the occasions of insufficient or incorrect information in the piece, we think
it contributed to the historical development of anatomy.
ANALISIS PERSEPSI, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN TERHADAP PANCAKE DURIAN (STUDI KASUS : PANCAKE DURIAN PRODUKSI CELEBRITY PANCAKE)
Authors: Marbun Desyanti , Priyono Basuki Sigit , Suryanty Melli
Published: May 2018

The research was aimed to analyze the perception, attitude and behavior of consumer durian pancakes production Celebrity Pancake. Research method: study area is defined as purposive on the street S.Parman in the city of Bengkulu. Consumer respondents  were taken by  used accidental  sampling.  Intended  for  consumers  who purchase the products of durian pancake at Celebrity Pancake. Methods of data analysis used Likert scale, analysis of descriptive, and Fishbein. The result showed, consumer perceptions to attribute durian pancakes had been different result, that is attribute taste, flavour, color, and sachet appear are in good category, while the price is at category less well, The consumer attitudes to durian pancakes which indicated trend to a positive attitude. The consumer behaviour to durian pancakes product indicated behaviors liking. Consumer considers all the important attributes of the durian pancakes product. Keywords: Perception, Attitude, behaviours, Consumer
DESKRIPSI POLA SALURAN TATANIAGA PALA (Myristica fraggan haitt) DI KENAGARIAN TANJUNG SANI KECAMATAN TANJUNG RAYA KABUPATEN AGAM
Authors: Analia Devi , Fairuzi Syofyan , Tanjung Faidil , Pimura Ramita Sari
Published: May 2018

The research purpose is to describe nutmeg’s marketing channel pattern and to identity of marketing instutional function that involves in marketing channel. This research was conducted in Juli – Augustus 2015. Location was chosen purposively with a reason that this district has the largest production in West Sumatra. The research method used is survey and descriptive analysis. The survey is doing by following marketing channel pattern that happen and observation activity that doing by farmer as producers to middlemen or finar consumers. The result shows that there are 2 patter of marketing channel in location. First pattern marketing channel : farmers – man in village. Second patter marketing channel : farmers – whole saler. Their activity according to marketing function consist of exhange function(selling and buying), phisic function (transportation, saving, sortation) and fasility (finance, market information, risk management).   As important comodity that have contribute to gaverment, this comodity need goverment support to increase selling value and production. By the support it will imcrease farmers revenue. Keyword : nutmeg, markleting channel, whole seller, man invillage and marketingfunction
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN DAN DAYA DUKUNG EKOWISATA PANTAI KATEGORI REKREASI PANTAI LAGUNA DESA MERPAS KABUPATEN KAUR
Authors: Yulisa Eka Noerma , Johan Yar , Hartono Dede
Published: May 2018

Pantai Laguna terletak di Desa Merpas, Kecamatan Nasal, Kabupaten Kaur. Pantai ini  merupakan pantai yang memiliki daya tarik berupa pantai karang berpasir putih yang landai dengan pemandangan bawah laut yang indah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Merpas Kabupaten Kaur, pada bulan Desember 2015 sampai Januari 2016 dan bertujuan untuk Mengidentifikasi potensi Kawasan Ekowisata Pantai Laguna, Mengetahui kesesuaian Ekowisata Pantai Laguna sebagai Ekowisata Pantai, Menghitung daya dukung Ekowisata Pantai Laguna untuk menjadi kawasan Ekowisata Pantai. Metode yang digunakan yaitu data primer pengambilan data analisis kualitas air, metode penentuan kesesuaian kawasan berdasarkan perkalian skor dan bobot yang diperoleh dari setiap paremeter, kedalaman, tipe pantai, lebar pantai, kecerahan, kecepatan arus, material dasar perairan, pengamatan biota berbahaya, dan ketersediaan air tawar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di lapangan Potensi ekowisata pantai di Pantai Laguna ada dua kategori yaitu 1) ekowisata kategori rekreasi untuk indeks kesesuaian kawasan kategori ekowisata rekreasi yaitu 90,6% S1 (sangat sesuai). Daya dukung kawasan kategori ekowisata rekreasi 224 (Orang/hari).
DINAMIKA SOSIAL-EKONOMI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN TELUR PENYU DI KECAMATAN PULAU SEMBILAN KABUPATEN KOTABARU
Authors: Salim Dafiuddin , Saputra Andrian
Published: May 2018

Aktivitas pemanfaatan telur penyu oleh masyarakat lokal Pulau Sembilan adalah kegiatan pengambilan telur penyu di pantai berpasir yang berada di Kecamatan Pulau Sembilan. Tiga pulau (Pulau Denawan, Pulau Pamalikan dan Pulau Kalambau) diantara beberapa pulau yang berpotensi pantai peneluran di kecamatan ini diklaim sebagai hak kepemilikan lahan pulau sehingga segala sumberdaya yang ada merupakan hak pemilik lahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan sosial-ekonomi pada masyarakat Kecamatan Pulau Sembilan terhadap pemanfaatan telur penyu. Penelitian dilakukan selama 2 minggu di Kabupaten Kotabaru, khususnya di Kecamatan Pulau Sembilan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, penyebaran kuisioner, dan wawancara pada penduduk yang melakukan pemanfaatan telur penyu. Penelusuran sejarah, kebijakan, pola pemanenan dan jalur pemasaran, retribusi, upaya perlindungan dan penangkaran serta persepsi pemanfaatan telur penyu merupakan hasil yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini.
PERBANDINGAN RESOLUSI SPASIAL, TEMPORAL DAN RADIOMETRIK SERTA KENDALANYA
Authors: Oktaviani Amelia , Johan Yar
Published: May 2018

Perkembangan zaman yang sangat pesat saat ini mendorong keinginan manusia untuk dapat melakukan kegiatan dan pekerjaan dalam segala bidang kehidupan dengan lancar dan tepat waktu. Salah satunya adalah satelit yang digunakan untuk merekam permukaan bumi. Satelit terdiri dari beberapa resolusi yaitu resolusi spasial yg merupakan ukuran terkecil dari suatu objek, resolusi ini terdiri dari resolusi tinggi (0.6-4 m), menengah (4-30 m) dan rendah (30 - > 1000 m). Kemudian resolusi temporal yaitu waktu pengambilan, resolusi ini terdiri dari Resolusi spasial tinggi (0.6-4 m), resolusi spasial menengah (4-30 m), resolusi spasial rendah (30 - > 1000 m). Sedangkan Resolusi Radiometrik adalah kemampuan sensor dalam mencatat respons spektral objek. Resolusi ini berupa 2 bit (0-1), 3 bit (0-3), 4 bit (0-15), 5 bit (0-31), 6 bit (0-63), 7 bit (0-127), 8 bit (0-255), 10 bit (0-1023), 16 bit (0-65535).
KOMPOSISI HASIL TANGKAPAN SAMPINGAN (BYCATCH) PERIKANAN PUKAT UDANG SKALA KECIL DI PERAIRAN LAUT PASAR BANTAL KABUPATEN MUKOMUKO
Authors: Rainaldi Bambang , Zamdial Zamdial , Hartono Dede
Published: May 2018

Pukat udang adalah alat tangkap yang dioperasikan secara aktif dengan cara ditarik oleh perahu. Hasil tangkapan sampingan adalah bagian dari hasil tangkapan yang terdiri dari organisme laut yang bukan merupakan target penangkapan utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi hasil tangkapan sampingan (bycatch) alat tangkap pukat udang skala kecil di perairan laut Pasar Bantal Kabupaten Mukomuko. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan bulan September 2016 di Desa Pasar Bantal Kecamatan Teramang Jaya Kabupaten Mukomuko. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei. Untuk kepentingan pengumpulan data primer maka dilakukan observasi langsung ke lapangan mengikuti operasi penangkapan bersama nelayan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap pukat udang. Berdasarkan hasil tangkapan selama penelitian dengan 6 kali hauling yaitu jumlah hasil tangkapan utama sebanyak 4 spesies udang dengan berat total 35,91 kg (27,15%) yang didominasi oleh udang kerosok (Parapenaeopsis sculptilis) 13,74 kg. Jumlah hasil tangkapan sampingan yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi sebanyak 6 spesies dengan berat total 44,01 kg  (33,28%) didominasi oleh layur (Trichiurus savala) sebesar 15,81 kg. Sedangkan untuk jumlah hasil tangkapan sampingan yang bernilai ekonomis rendah terdapat sebanyak 18 spesies dengan berat total 52,3 kg (39,55%) didominasi oleh senangin (Eleutheronema tetradactyum) 9,16 kg.
VALUASI EKONOMI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI DESA PASAR NGALAM	KABUPATEN SELUMA
Authors: Rospita Jenny , Zamdial Zamdial , Renta Person Pesona
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung dan menganalisis valuasi ekonomi mangrove di Desa Pasar Ngalam Kabupaten Seluma. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Pasar Ngalam Kecamatan Air Periukan Kabupaten Seluma. Waktu penelitian dilaksanankan pada bulan Agustus – September 2016, adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dan metode wawancara. Kondisi perairan ekosistem mangrove di Desa Pasar Ngalam masih dalam kondisi yang baik. Manfaat dari ekosistem mangrove di Desa Pasar Ngalam Kabupaten Seluma terdiri dari manfaat langsung yaitu kegiatan perikanan tangkap, manfaat tidak langsung berupa penghalang terhadap abrasi pantai, manfaat pilihan berupa manfaat keanekaragaman hayati, dan manfaat eksistensi berupa WTP. Nilai Total Ekonomi dari ekosistem mangrove di Desa Pasar Ngalam Kabupaten Seluma sebesar Rp719.805.999,-/per tahun, yang terdiri dari nilai manfaat langung sebesar Rp328.692.000,- per tahun (45,39%), manfaat tidak langsung sebesar Rp386.291.010,-/tahun (53,32%),nilai manfaat pilihan sebesar Rp1.522.989,- per tahun (0,21%), dan nilai keberadaan sebesar Rp3.300.000,- per tahun (0,45).
PEMANFAATAN CITRA LANDSAT 8 UNTUK MEMETAKAN PERSEBARAN LAMUN DI WILAYAH PESISIR PULAU BATAM
Authors: Sari Dewi Puspa , Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin
Published: May 2018

Satelit landsat 8 memberikan informasi (citra/gambar/foto peta) secara gratis yang bisa di unduh dari website resmi. Peneliti menggunakan beberapa software seperti ENVI, ER MAPPER, dan ArcGIS yang merupakan software untuk pengolahan citra. Analisis Lyzenga digunakan untuk pengkoreksian kolom perairan agar kenampakan objek pada sensor satelit menjadi lebih baik.  Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2016 dengan menggunakan metode Lyzenga, koreksi citra, serta klasifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya hubungan dari sebaran vertikal telah didapatkan bahwa stasiun yang paling lemah terletak pada daerah piayu, dari semua stasiun kecerahan tertinggi berada pada daerah Nongsa, DO tertinggi di daerah Piayu dan suhu tertinggi di daerah Sekupang. Hubungan korelasinya dari semua stasiun memiliki hubungan yang negatif/ lemah. Namun dari semua stasiun yang paling kuat hubungannya terletak di daerah nongsa. Hal ini menyebabkan tidak ditemukan lamun yang hidup secara monospesifik dan daerah tersebut belum mengalamin ganguan ekologis secara nyata. Karakteristik habitat, struktur komunitas, ancaman dan rencana sebaran  lamun ikut dibahas.
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS HUTAN MANGROVE DI TELUK DODINGA, KABUPATEN HALMAHERA BARAT PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Akbar Nebuchadnezzar , Marus Ikbal , Haji Irfan , Abdullah Suparto , Umalekhoa Sabaria , Ibrahim Fardan S , Ahmad Muhajirin , Ibrahim Abjan , Kahar Alfiansyah , Tahir Irmalita
Published: May 2018

Mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem penting di kawasan pesisir. Pemanfaatan yang berlebihan dapat menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas ekosistem mangrove. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kondisi ekosistem mangrove berdasarkan struktur komunitas. Pengambilan contoh mangrove, dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transect quadrant dan “spot check”  (Bengen, 2004). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 12 spesis mangrove yang berasal dari 5 famili. Struktur vegetasi hutan mangrove menunjukan nilai tertinggi untuk kategori kerapatan terdapat pada stasiun I yakni dengan nilai 9,50 ind/ m2 dan diikuti oleh stasiun II dengan nilai 6,78 ind/ m2  serta nilai terendah terdapat pada stasiun III yaitu 6,56 ind/m2. Struktur komunitas hutan mangrove di Teluk Dodinga berdasarkan indeks ekologi (nilai kerapatan, frekuensi jenis, tutupan dan nilai penting)  cukup baik, sedangkan keanekaragaman spesies mangrove termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Secara umum  kondisi lingkungan masih sesuai dengan kriteria habibat mangrove
STUDI IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN WILAYAH PESISIR DI KABUPATEN MUKOMUKO PROVINSI BENGKULU
Authors: Zamdial Zamdial , Hartono Dede , Bakhtiar Deddy , Nofridiansyah Eko
Published: May 2018

Kabupaten Mukomuko berada di Provinsi Bengkulu yang mempunyai wilayah pesisir dengan panjang garis pantai ± 98, 218 km. Dinamika alam yang terjadi pada beberapa tahun terakhir, seperti halnya perubahan iklim dan tekanan dari manusia yang makin parah memberi dampak yang nyata terhadap kondisi wilayah pesisir. Fenomena yang dijumpai adalah terjadinya kerusakan diwilayah pesisir yang semakin cepat.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi kerusakan yang terjadi disepanjang wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Mukomuko, Provinsi Bengkulu dan memetakan lokasi wialayah pesisir yang sudah rusak. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 15 hari pada bulan Oktober 2014. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei yang meliputi kegiatan observasi lapangan, wawancara dan dokumentasi kondisi kerusakan wilayah pesisir. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Untuk mengindentifikasi kerusakan wilayah pesisir digunakan analisis Indeks Kerentanan Pantai (IKP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 9 lokasi kerusakan wilayah pesisir di Kabupaten Mukomuko dengan IKP secara berturut-turut yaitu Pantai Air Hitam-TWA (IKP=12), Pantai Air Rami (IKP=13,9), Rawa Bangun (IKP=14,7), Pantai Retak Ilir (IKP=17), Hutan Suaka Alam Mukomuko (IKP=19,6), Pantai Desa Air Dikit (IKP=19,6), Desa Pasar Bantal (IKP=24), Pantai Desa Air Buluh (IKP=22,6), dan Pantai Pasar Ipuh (IKP=55,1). Nilai IKP yang tertinggi adalah 55,1 dan yang terendah adalah 12. Wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Mukomuko secara umum sudah mengalami degradasi. Penyebab degradasi antara lain adalah rusaknya hutan pantai, alih fungsi lahan, abrasi, perubahan morfologi pantai dan pembangunan fisik.
Grado de conocimiento sobre lactancia materna en embarazadas primigestas
Authors: Olivera-Cardozo María , Pérez-Ortíz Viorkis , Piñón-Gámez Aimee , Naranjo-Rodríguez Carmen , Mejía Montilla Jorly , Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: determinar el grado de conocimiento sobre lactancia materna en embarazadas primigestas. Métodos: se realizó una investigación explicativa, prospectiva y transversal en primigestas atendidas en la consulta prenatal y que fueron sometidas a una encuesta en la cual se recolectaron las características generales (edad, estado civil y tipo de trabajo o profesión) y se evaluó el conocimiento sobre la lactancia materna a través del análisis de diferentes aspectos de esta práctica. Resultados: se seleccionaron 80 embarazadas con edad promedio de 19,7 +/- 5,1 años, la mayoría estaban casadas (55,3%) y eran amas de casa (48,7%). Mostraron alto conocimiento sobre contraindicaciones (78,8%) y posiciones correctas de lactancia (73,8%), y bajos en cuanto a extracción manual y almacenamiento de la leche materna (12,5%). La asociación entre la edad y las ventajas de lactancia materna exclusiva se encontró que era negativa, débil y significativa (r = -0,227; p < 0,05). También se observó asociación significativa, negativa y débil entre el estado civil y las ventajas de la lactancia materna exclusiva (r = -0,245), y positiva y débil con las posiciones correctas de lactancia (r = 0,290; p < 0,05). Conclusión: los resultados de la investigación demuestran que las embarazadas primigestas tienen un alto grado de conocimiento sobre ciertos aspectos de la lactancia materna, pero se deben hacer esfuerzos por mejorar la comprensión de otros aspectos importantes.
Características clínicas de los pacientes con fracturas por fragilidad
Authors: Medina Adriana , Rivera Alejandra , Bautista Karina , Alvarado Alejandra
Published: May 2018

Introducción: la prevalencia de la osteoporosis aumenta con la edad, así como la morbimortalidad secundaria a fracturas por fragilidad impactando los costos en salud. Las estrategias creadas han mejorado la detección y manejo de las fracturas. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con fracturas por fragilidad y su manejo en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá de febrero 2015 a julio 2016, luego de establecer un programa de identificación y prevención de fracturas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se evaluaron las historias clínicas con diagnóstico de osteoporosis severa, analizando las características demográficas, clínicas y tratamiento recibido. Resultados: de 621 pacientes con diagnóstico de osteoporosis y fracturas asociadas, 184 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La edad media fue de 71.5 años (DE: 11,6). Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron radio distal 36%, vertebrales 34%, fémur proximal 18% y otras 11%. El 30% tenían diagnóstico de osteoporosis, de ellos 30% recibieron tratamiento completo antes de la fractura y 57,6% posterior. Conclusión: las fracturas por fragilidad son frecuentes en osteoporosis, aunque hay subdiagnóstico y subtratamiento. La prevención de la segunda fractura se refleja en el aumento del número de pacientes que recibieron tratamiento adecuado, demostrando la necesidad de crear programas de educación.
Autopsia molecular en muerte súbita cardiaca neonatal mediante secuenciación de siguiente generación (NGS): presentación de un caso
Authors: Garzón Venegas Eliana del Pliar , Rubio Gómez Cladelis , Carpeta Sánchez Suleima , Vélez Segura Jennifer , Blanco Gómez Jenny , Beltrán Moreno Paola Andrea , Sánchez MD Diana , Serrano MD Claudia Juliana , Bonilla Juan Carlos
Published: May 2018

Presentamos un caso de muerte súbita de una lactante de tres meses de edad. La autopsia reveló una miocardiopatía hipertrófica y la muestra de sangre del cordón umbilical almacenada fue utilizada para análisis molecular. Mediante la secuenciación de siguiente generación (NGS) de 4813 genes (exoma clínico), se identificó una variante patogénica en el gen ELAC2, (c.210_222 del p.Gly71ThrfsTer26) en estado heterocigoto y otra variante probablemente patogénica en el mismo gen (c.1177C>T p.His393Tyr) en estado heterocigoto, asociadas con miocardiopatía hipertrófica. Adicionalmente, se identificó una variante patogénica en el exón 358 del gen TTN, (c.104515C>T, het p.Arg34839X) y una VUS (variante de significado incierto) en el gen MYPN (c.2428C>T, p.Arg810Cys), la cual podría tener un efecto aditivo en el fenotipo de la paciente. Así mismo se observa un polimorfismo de riesgo en el exón 16 en el gen LRP8, asociado con enfermedad coronaria (CAD) e infarto de miocardio prematuros (MI) (NM_017522: c.2066G>A, het, p.R689Q). La cardiopatía hereditaria es una causa probable de muerte súbita cardiaca, el análisis molecular por NGS puede ayudar a realizar un diagnóstico precoz para predecir a edad temprana pacientes con riesgo potencial de muerte súbita cardiaca así como un asesoramiento genético dirigido.
Ictiosis arlequín, una genodermatosis devastadora
Authors: Carvajalino Felisa B , Peña Laura F
Published: May 2018

La ictiosis arlequín es la forma más grave y agresiva de las ictiosis congénitas. Es una rara entidad hereditaria, de patrón autosómico recesivo y su pronóstico es fatal en la mayoría de los casos; los neonatos por lo general mueren en los primeros días de vida por infección o deshidratación entre otras complicaciones. El diagnóstico prenatal sigue siendo difícil y el manejo adecuado podría aumentar la supervivencia. Presentamos a neonata con ictiosis arlequín nacida de madre con antecedente de feto arlequín.
Advances in research on Rotavin-M1
Authors:   Center for the Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, Le Thi Luan , Nguyen Van Man ,   Center for the Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, Nguyen Thuy Huong ,   Center for the Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, Dang Duc Anh ,   National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Nguyen Van Trang ,   National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tran Bich Hanh ,   Center for the Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, Tran Thi Giang Huong ,   Ministry of Health, Tran Thi Oanh ,   Ministry of Health, Pham Gia Khanh ,   Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiang Baoming ,   Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA, Glass Roger ,   National Institute of Health (NIH), USA, Steel Duncan ,   PATH, USA, Nguyen Dang Hien ,   Center for the Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals
Published: May 2018

“Rotavin-M1” is an oral live-attenuated vaccine that prevents diarrhea in children under five years old, produced from rotavirus strains G1P [1] on Vero cells. This vaccine has been studied for 16 years beginning with monitoring the local circulating strain and eventually establishing a seed lots system. The safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine were found equivalent to internationally-imported vaccines
Utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in metabolic response assessment after CyberKnife radiosurgery for early stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors:   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Le Ngoc Ha , Mai Hong Son ,   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Le Van Nguyen ,   Radiosurgery and Radiation Oncology Department108 Military Central Hospital, Bui Quang Bieu ,   Radiosurgery and Radiation Oncology Department108 Military Central Hospital
Published: May 2018

Objective: To assess metabolic tumor response using 18F-FDG PET/CT scan in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated by CyberKnife radiosurgery. Materials and Methods: 30 patients were diagnosed proven by biopsy and inoperable stage I NSCLC, and were enrolled into this study. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed prior to the program, and at three months following the radiosurgery treatment. The tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was recorded for each time point and the PERCIST criteria was applied to assess tumor response. Results: 30 patients with NSCLC, stage me after CyberKnife radiosurgery was followed-up after 12 months. The 1-year Kaplan-Meier local control estimate was 96.7%, the cut-off of SUVmax was 10, and revealed the local tumor control to have a statistically significant difference. Mean tumor SUVmax before treatment was 10.5±3.25 (range, 5.0 to 20). During early follow-up the mean SUVmax in the tumor remained high due to peritumoral radiation-induced pneumonitis visible on CT imaging. After radiosurgery for six months, 18F-FDG PET/CT images showed that 21 of 30 patients (70%) had a partial metabolic response, 8 of 30 patients (26.7%) had stabilized diseases, and one patient (0.3%) had disease progression. Meanwhile, CT could not reveal the progressed patient. Conclusions: Local control following CyberKnife radiosurgery for stage I NSCLC is acceptable. Transient increases in tumor SUVmax are likely related to radiation-induced pneumonitis. The value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for early metabolic tumor response after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) could be higher than anatomic response on CT.
Estructura de las comunidades herbáceas en áreas con plantaciones forestales
Authors: Silveira David , Cadenazzi Mónica , Zanoniani Ramiro , Boggiano Pablo
Published: May 2018

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la composición específica, la riqueza, equidad y diversidad de comunidades de sotobosque, callejones cortafuego y campo natural. El estudio se realizó en tres localidades, en 18 transectas con direcciones N-S y E-O ubicadas en la entrefila, callejones cortafuego y campo natural, localizando 30 marcos de 0,25 m2 en cada una. Fueron relevadas 172 especies clasificadas por familia y género, y se calculó para la vegetación de cada sitio la riqueza, equidad y diversidad. Vegetaciones desarrolladas en ambientes con mayor interferencia del dosel arbóreo presentaron menor número de familias, géneros y especies. Los valores de riqueza y diversidad disminuyeron ante aumentos de la interferencia del dosel arbóreo y la mayor equidad se asoció a ambientes más sombreados. Plantaciones forestales comerciales de E. grandis y P. taeda con orientación E-O presentaron comunidades de sotobosque con menor riqueza y diversidad especifica. Al aumentar la intensidad del disturbio producido por los rodales se generaron comunidades con los mayores niveles de equidad.
Panorama empresarial del sector forestal uruguayo productor de Eucalyptus globulus
Authors: Morales Olmos Virginia , Ansuberro Julia , Pintos Mariana , Pérez Guillermo
Published: May 2018

La producción forestal es una actividad relativamente nueva para el Uruguay si se la compara con actividades tradicionales como la agricultura y la ganadería. Generalmente se asocia al productor forestal con empresas multinacionales que explotan grandes extensiones de tierra. Sin embargo, existe un sector empresarial que comprende un conjunto de empresas forestales diversas cuyo modo de asociación y toma de decisiones empresariales es diferente a la de los inversores multinacionales. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el panorama empresarial del sector forestal productor de E. globulus en Uruguay. Esto incluye una caracterización del sector y una descripción del modo de toma de decisiones y los desafíos que presenta de interés para comprender el futuro de la producción de madera para pulpa en el país. El estudio abarca una revisión bibliográfica y el análisis de información secundaria y de entrevistas realizadas a empresas productoras. Los resultados identifican tres tipos de empresas operando en el sector: asociación de productores que se agrupan con fines comunes, fondos de inversión y empresas verticalmente integradas. El capital es de origen tanto nacional como extranjero. La evidencia aportada por este estudio sugiere que el sector forestal se dirige hacia un mercado fuertemente concentrado en la demanda de las dos empresas productoras de pulpa de celulosa coexistiendo con un sector productor de E. globulus cuyo portafolio de ventas está determinado por el precio de la madera en el mercado local y en el exterior.
Agricultura urbana agroecológica: más de una década de trabajo de Facultad de Agronomía (Udelar) junto a diversos colectivos sociales
Authors: Bellenda Beatriz , Galván Guillermo , García Margarita , Gazzano Ines , Gepp Vivienne , Linari Gabriela , Faroppa Stella
Published: May 2018

Ante una crisis civilizatoria multiforme, con evidencias socioeconómicas, políticas, culturales y ambientales que generan, entre otras consecuencias, falta de soberanía y seguridad alimentaria y nutricional surgen alternativas de Agricultura Urbana. A partir de 2002 la Universidad de la República implementó acciones para contribuir a la producción de alimentos, la organización e inclusión social, la formación integral de universitarios y otros actores, la educación nutricional y la generación de proyectos agroecológicos. Se crean así el Programa de Producción de Alimentos y Organización Comunitaria (2002- 2006); el Programa Huertas en Centros Educativos (2005 a la fecha) y el curso de Producción Agroecológica de Alimentos (2006 a la fecha). Extendiendo estas acciones, surgen el proyecto de educación secundaria Planto y Aprendo (2015); Uruguay Crece y Cultiva Contigo (2016-2017) junto al Programa gubernamental para primera infancia Uruguay Crece Contigo, y Espacios de Formación Integral en escuelas, liceos y cárceles (2012-2017). El trabajo analiza algunas de estas experiencias desarrolladas por universitarios y múltiples actores en más de una década. La metodología empleada, con abordaje cuali y cuantitativo, se basó en análisis de información documental proveniente de entrevistas, censos, encuestas, sistematización de experiencias, talleres, trabajos de investigación y tesis de grado y posgrado. Se describen los objetivos, características, fortalezas y debilidades de estos procesos. Se identificó la contribución al aprendizaje de los participantes, la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, la producción y consumo de alimentos saludables y el desarrollo de proyectos colectivos fortalecidos desde la Universidad, que contribuyen a su vez al logro de sus roles.