bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does union type make a difference when you separate? Frequency of father–child contact and father’s satisfaction with the relation
Authors: Zilincikova Zuzana , Albertini Marco
Published: July 2022

Growing separation and divorce rates have attracted scholars’ attention to the association between relationship breakup and the relations between fathers and their minor children. Pre-separation life course events and characteristics may influence this relationship. One important characteristic to be considered is the type of union in which ex-partners were in. In this article, we study the association between previous union type and post-dissolution father–child face-to-face contact and father’s satisfaction with the relationship, before and after controlling for factors related to selection into a cohabiting union. Using pooled data from the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey for 11 European countries, it is shown that, models that do not control for characteristics typically connected with selection into different union types suggest that previously cohabiting fathers have less intensive contact with their child(ren) and are less satisfied with the relationship with their minor children. Taking into consideration the main socio-demographic father and child’s characteristics, this difference turns out not to be statistically significant. This research suggests that union type does not make a difference, confirming most previous studies of single European countries.
Characteristics, causes and impact of headache among a sample of physicians working during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Farag Sherien , ElSadek Ahmed , Salah-Eldin Waleed , Georgy Shady Samy , Fathy Mai
Published: July 2022

Background

Headache is considered a common health problem affecting physicians during Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and has direct impact on their productivity. Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), stress and lack of sleep are common factors affecting their headache.

Results

Out of 165 participants, 38(23%) experienced new onset headache. Participants using Combined Face and eye PPE usage were at higher risk of developing headache compared to single PPE users, Participants wearing face shield were at higher risk of developing headache compared to eyewear non users.

Conclusion

COVID-19 hospital’s physicians may experience new-onset headache or change in their previously existing headache, mostly disposed by PPE eyewear and combined face and eye PPE.
In-situ formation of co particles encapsulated by graphene layers
Authors: Lee Minjeong , Kim Gyutae , Jeong Gyu Hyun , Yoon Aram , Lee Zonghoon , Ryu Gyeong Hee
Published: July 2022

The process of encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles using a graphene layer is mainly direct pyrolysis. The encapsulation structure of hybrids prepared in this way improves the catalyst stability, which greatly reduces the leaching of non-metals and prevents metal nanoparticles from growing beyond a certain size. In this study, cobalt particles surrounded by graphene layers were formed by increasing the temperature in a transmission electron microscope, and they were analyzed using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Synthesized cobalt hydroxide nanosheets were used to obtain cobalt particles using an in-situ heating holder inside a TEM column. The cobalt nanoparticles are surrounded by layers of graphene, and the number of layers increases as the temperature increases. The interlayer spacing of the graphene layers was also investigated using atomic imaging. The success achieved in the encapsulation of metallic nanoparticles in graphene layers paves the way for the design of highly active and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for more challenging molecules.
A single-nucleotide polymorphism of IL12A gene (rs582537 A/C/G) and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection among Iraqi patients
Authors: Mohsen Rana T. , Al-Azzawi Raghad H. , Ad’hiah Ali H.
Published: July 2022

A case–control study (80 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus [HBV] infection and 96 controls) was performed to evaluate the association of an IL12A gene variant (rs582537 A/C/G) with HBV infection. Allele G showed a significantly lower frequency in patients compared to controls (31.2 vs. 46.9%; probability [p] = 0.009; corrected p [pc] = 0.027) and was associated with a lower risk of HBV infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29–0.83). A similar lower risk was associated with genotypes CG (17.5 vs. 29.2; OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.08–0.81; p = 0.02) and GG (10.0 vs. 16.7; OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.07–0.91; p = 0.036), but the pc value was not significant (0.12 and 0.126, respectively). Serum IL-35 levels showed significant differences between individuals of different genotypes (p = 0.007). The highest median was associated with CA genotype (286.5 pg/mL), followed by genotypes CG (227.0 pg/mL), GG (206.5 pg/mL), CC (169.0 pg/mL), AA (137.5 pg/mL) and finally AG (125.0 pg/mL). In conclusion, rs582537 appears to be an important genetic variant that may influence not only susceptibility to HBV infection but IL-35 levels.
Radiotherapy or Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Primary CNS Lymphoma in Patients Age 60 Years and Younger: Long-Term Results of the Randomized Phase II PRECIS Study
Authors: Houillier Caroline , Dureau Sylvain , Taillandier Luc , Houot Roch , Chinot Olivier , Moluçon-Chabrot Cécile , Schmitt Anna , Gressin Rémy , Choquet Sylvain , Damaj Gandhi , Peyrade Frédéric , Abraham Julie , Delwail Vincent , Gyan Emmanuel , Sanhes Laurence , Cornillon Jérôme , Garidi Reda , Delmer Alain , Al Jijakli Ahmad , Morel Pierre , Waultier Agathe , Paillassa Jérôme , Chauchet Adrien , Gastinne Thomas , Laadhari Mouna , Plissonnier Anne-Sophie , Feuvret Loïc , Cassoux Nathalie , Touitou Valérie , Ricard Damien , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Soussain Carole ,   on behalf of the LOC Network for CNS Lymphoma
Published: July 2022

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.

We previously reported the results of a randomized phase II study in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma (age 18-60 years). Patients were treated with high-dose methotrexate-based induction chemotherapy followed by whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) or high-dose chemotherapy (thiotepa-busulfan-cyclophosphamide) with autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). The median follow-up was 33 months. In this report, we provide long-term data (median follow-up, 8 years) regarding the outcomes and toxicities. Fifty-three and 44 patients received induction chemotherapy followed by WBRT or ASCT, respectively. Their 8-year event-free survival from random assignment was 67% and 39% in the ASCT and WBRT arms, respectively ( P = .03), with a significantly lower risk of relapse after ASCT (hazard ratio, 0.13; P < .001). One third of patients who relapsed after WBRT were alive after salvage treatment. Five and four patients died of ASCT and WBRT-related toxicities, respectively. The 8-year overall survival was 69% and 65% in the ASCT and WBRT arms, respectively (not significant). Balance (52% v 10%, P ≤ 0.001) and neurocognition (64% v 13%, P < .001) significantly deteriorated after WBRT compared with ASCT during the follow-up. This study shows that 40 Gy WBRT should be avoided in first-line treatment because of its neurotoxicity and suboptimal efficacy in reducing relapses while ASCT appears to be highly efficient in preventing relapses.
“Postreros acentos de la lira indiana”: The Discovery of the Cantares mexicanos in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Colmenares David Horacio
Published: July 2022

The exhumation, in 1895, of the manuscript known as Cantares mexicanos y otros opúsculos in the Biblioteca Nacional de México made available for the first time authentic examples of sixteenth-century Nahua song (cuicatl). This article traces the history of the rediscovery of this manuscript and, more broadly, the history of the literary recuperation—through editing, translation, and study—of Nahua verbal art during the nineteenth century. By studying earlier unsuccessful attempts at incorporating the Cantares mexicanos into the emerging canon of Mexican literature, the article reconstructs the changing epistemic conditions and disciplinary realignments between Mexico and the United States that eventually made the 1895 exhumation possible. The Porfirian encounter with the Cantares not only made Nahua song available for an international audience but also established a paradigm of literary interpretation that continues to shape our understanding of this form of Indigenous verbal art to this day.
Good Neighbor, Bad Neighbor: Fact and Fiction in an FBI Investigation of Brazilian Literature during World War II
Authors: Gatti Maria G.
Published: July 2022

Brazilian novelist Érico Veríssimo (1905–75) was an ambiguous subject of the Good Neighbor Policy: invited to the United States by the Department of State, he was also accused of anti-Americanism by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). An international police investigation into Veríssimo shows a Brazilian-US network in which literature is questioned both as a potential vehicle for subversion and as representative of its political context. Archival sources related to this investigation reveal how police agents searched for clues within fiction and how ideology often got lost in translation. Through a close reading of these sources, I explore the function of literature and the processes for its interpretation in political culture. This essay, by probing the contradictions of the Good Neighbor Policy and the transition from World War II to the Cold War, reveals how Brazilian and US police in collaboration applied the anti-Axis counterintelligence apparatus to the surveillance of Allied literature.
Our Social Conquests Will Be Respected: Peasants and Military Dictatorship in Cochabamba, Bolivia
Authors: Young Kevin A.
Published: July 2022

Peasant support was a crucial factor in the Bolivian military's assault on labor and the Left in the 1960s and 1970s. Analysts have offered diverse explanations for the so-called Military-Peasant Pact, ranging from the bribery of peasant leaders to rank-and-file conservatism. These interpretations tend to be methodologically superficial and often reflect elitist prejudices about peasant behavior. Archival evidence and oral histories from Cochabamba suggest that the pact did enjoy substantial rank-and-file support. The military maintained that support by protecting peasant land rights and expanding rural access to public goods while imposing high costs on peasants who dissented. However, the Military-Peasant Pact was also more tenuous than most scholarship implies. Attempts to institute a new tax on land, to disarm peasants, and to impose austerity measures engendered major opposition by the 1970s, leading to a military massacre in 1974. This trajectory reveals both the foundations and limits of the military's power.
The Benefits of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Heart Failure Patients – A Systematic Review
Authors: Katsoula Christina , Vasileiadis Ioannis , Routsi Christina , Nanas Serafeim , Karatzanos Eleftherios
Published: July 2022

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) have impaired function of respiratory system and frequently experience dyspnea. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) offers an alternative way of exercise with a lot of benefits for HF patients.
Aim: The aim of this review was to summarize and to reveal the effects of IMT in HF patients.
Methods: Electronic searches were performed using Pubmed Database, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were: RCTs, patients with HF, full text articles after 2010 and at least one intervention group with IMT. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale.
Results: Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. In most studies training protocols involved 3 to 7 sessions per week with intensity ≤30-60% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), for a total duration of 4-12 weeks. Respiratory muscle strength improved in 11/12 studies, peripheral muscle strength in 4/5 studies, exercise capacity (peak VO2, VE/VCO2 slope) in 4/10, pulmonary function (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FVC) in 0/5, functional capacity (6MWT) in 6/8, echocardiography parameters in 1/6, quality of life and dyspnea in 9/16. Control groups followed sham IMT, usual care, no intervention, intervention without exercise, or aerobic training, which could explain in some cases the conflicting results.
Conclusions: IMT is beneficial for HF patients and should be included as a complementary method in cardiac rehabilitation programs. The optimal characteristics of ΙΜΤ as well as the benefits when combined with common forms of exercise need further research.
Clinical outcomes of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol for Hepato- pancreato- biliary Surgery; A Five-Year Experience from a Hellenic Oncological Hospital ERAS protocol and HPB surgery
Authors: Kapritsou Maria , Alexandrou Evan , Konstantinou Evangelos A , Giannakopoulou Margarita , Fyrfiris Nikolaos , Korkolis Dimitrios P
Published: July 2022

Background: The development of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols (ERAS) for surgical intervention has contributed to reducing hospital length of stay and improved patient outcomes. Aim of the study was the assessment of the recovery time and cost-effectiveness of an ERAS protocol in oncological patients undergoing hepato- pancreato- biliary surgery (HPB) compared to conventional (CON) care.Methods: This prospective, open label, randomized trial, enrolled 283 patients who required hepatectomy or pancreatoduodenectomy. Eligible patients were stratified into hepatectomy or pancreatectomy groups then, randomly assigned to ERAS protocol (intervention) or CON care (control). The primary outcome of interest was post-operative recovery time (composite of; time to mobilization and oral intake) and secondary outcomes were cost effectiveness, dependance on post-operative opioids and post-operative complications (using the Clavien- Dindo classification). Results: The rate of complications for the patients underwent hepatectomy and treated in ERAS group was 18.18% compared to CON group, which was 40.9%. Whilst, of complications for the patients underwent pancreatectomy and treated in ERAS group was 15.94% compared to CON group, which was 38.2%.Conclusions: The ERAS protocol in this study significantly improved post-operative recovery time, reduced opioid dependance and reduced post-operative complications in patients undergoing HPB surgery.
Digital Health: Is it the future for our lives?
Authors: Giannoulakis Alexandros
Published: July 2022

Digital health is a revolution and it includes many different opportunities, in order to improve the patients’ quality of life in hospital and at homes. The digital health technologies include telehealth, mHealth applications, data analytics, remote patient monitoring. The benefits for patients, insurance companies and healthcare providers are many and one of the most important is a time and cost saving and the aggregation of data. The future leading healthcare system must be established on a framework, which include understanding of law, patients, who need these services, the appropriate technology (safe network for data aggregation, equipment), peer support systems and sustainability.
Application of Information and Communication Technologies for the Analysis of Socio-Psychological Features of the Perception of Distance Learning by University Students
Authors: MUKHAMETDINOVA S. , Shamis V. , TYUMENTSEVA E. , Ilina N.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the socio-psychological characteristics of the perception of distance learning by university students in the context of the increasing use of distance learning technologies, including during the pandemic. In the course of the study, a questionnaire was developed to identify the assessment of students’ perception of various factors associated with distance learning, and an Internet survey of university students in Omsk and Norilsk was conducted, the sample size was 188 respondents.
Analysis of the results of the survey allows us to conclude that 16% of students highly appreciate the importance of the factor of negative influence on the psychological state of distance learning students and more than 32% of respondents note the importance of the lack of “live” communication for them. In addition, 28.4% of students rated at 4 and 5 points on a 5-point system the importance for them of problems with self-organization in distance learning. Based on the results of the study, proposals were developed aimed at minimizing the negative impact on the socio-psychological state of students in distance learning.
Formation of general professional competencies of bachelors in physical culture and sports in the study of the discipline "Fundamentals of sports morphology"
Authors: Aleksandrova Natalya , Krikun Evgeny , Kiseleva Mariya
Published: July 2022

The article presents aspects of the formation of general professional competencies of bachelors in the field of physical culture and sports in the study of the discipline "Fundamentals of sports morphology", which will allow to form a certain level of practical skills in future professional activities; tasks of educational and scientific orientation are defined. The sequence in the study of biological disciplines is considered, which allows creating a sufficient level of basic knowledge for the formation of further professional competencies. All components of the educational process in the discipline "Fundamentals of sports morphology" are formulated, which ensure the formation of the implementation of the tasks set. The indicators of achieving the level of general professional competence have been determined, providing a scientifically grounded approach to the construction of the educational and training process and sports selection and orientation.
PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Kalinina Elena , Kielevyaynen Larisa
Published: July 2022

Currently, the Republic of Karelia has a low number of children and youth leisure institutions that purposefully create conditions in their activities for the education of patriotism among the younger generation. In 2001, clubs and public associations of a civil-patriotic orientation operated in almost all regions of the republic. In 2011, out of more than 100 children’s and youth public organizations of the Republic of Karelia, only 10 deal with patriotic issues, of which 7 are search organizations. In this article, the authors show how students of Petrozavodsk State University participate in the implementation of the program of patriotic education in Karelia.
What Organization Can Be the Operator for Collecting and Summarizing Information About the Quality of the Conditions for the Implementation of Educational Activities by Organizations?
Authors: Ganeev A. , Bulaeva N.
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of the analysis of the existing regulatory and legal documentation governing the conduct of an independent assessment of the quality of the conditions for the provision of services by organizations in the field of culture, health protection, education, social services and federal institutions of medical and social expertise, in order to answer the question: “Which organization can be an operator on the collection and generalization of information on the quality of the conditions for the implementation of educational activities by organizations?” Based on the analysis of the existing procurement practice, the authors give recommendations on how to ensure compliance with the requirements of the current legislation when conducting procurement procedures for selecting an organization as an operator.
Comunidade de borboletas (Lepidoptera) em resposta ao período de estiagem em floresta estacional, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Corrêa Anna Heloise Rezende , Vieira Lucas Ramos , Jacques Gabriel de Castro , Souza Marcos Magalhães de
Published: July 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar como as comunidades de borboletas respondem ao período de seca em floresta decidual no estado de Minas Gerais, e inventariar a fauna desses insetos no Parque Estadual Mata Seca (PEMS), no período de fevereiro a novembro de 2021. Foram coletados 703 indivíduos de 77 espécies de borboletas, expressiva riqueza para a floresta decidual. Dentre as borboletas coletadas, aproximadamente 24% foram consideradas raras para o local estudado, já que apresentaram apenas um indivíduo durante o período de amostragem, podendo ser reflexo do período de estiagem que incide na oferta de alimento. Além disso, a família Nymphalidae foi mais representativa quando comparada com as outras famílias, tanto para riqueza, quanto para abundância. Esse segundo fator pode ser explicado pela abundância elevada de Eunica talila bellaria Fruhstorfer (N=164) e Hamadryas februa februa Hübner (N=75). Como resultado disso, não houve diferença estatística quanto à abundância durante as quatro estações do ano, em função da quantidade de indivíduos coletados da espécie E. t. bellaria. Contudo, houve diferença estatística devido à menor riqueza, menor índice de diversidade e maior índice de dominância no inverno, reflexo da menor oferta de alimento no PEMS.
Understanding Couple Migration towards Core and Peripheral Regions: The Role of Men’s and Women’s Education
Authors: Kooiman Niels , Das Marjolijn
Published: July 2022

Numerous studies have demonstrated that men’s educational profiles dominate couple migration decisions. However, most of these investigated the US context or were conducted in the previous century. This study examines the role of both partners’ educational attainments in couple migration in recent years in a new context: the Netherlands. The Netherlands is one of the countries in which women surpass men in educational attainment. We take a geographical perspective and test Costa and Kahn’s (2000) hypothesis that power couples – two partners with university degrees – are more likely than other couples to migrate to metropolitan areas with dense labour markets in order to solve their “colocation problem.” Data are derived from the Dutch Labour Force Survey between 2006 and 2015. The research population consists of all opposite-sex married and unmarried couples aged 18-45 (N = 90,314 couples). By linking the respondents to integral register data, we tracked all couples until three years after the interview date. The results show that both men’s and women’s human capital increases migration propensities, although effect sizes are relatively small. Social factors such as the geographical distance to birthplace and parents appear to play a significant role in couple migration. We found only partial support for Costa and Kahn’s (2000) colocation hypothesis. Power couples who live in the core region are less likely than other couples to migrate to more peripherally located regions. However, periphery-to-core migration is only affected by the male partner’s human capital, not by hers. Hence, the concentration of power couples in Dutch metropolitan areas probably stems from highly educated, single, young, urban adults who migrated there individually and who tend to stay there after union formation.
Review of available diagnostic options for Orthorexia Nervosa
Authors: Grajek Mateusz , Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is one of the disorders with a psychological basis. The word ‘orthorexia’ comes from Greek, where ‘orthos’ means proper ‘orexia’ appetite. The disorder is characterized by an obsession with healthy eating, and as the disease worsens, significant food exclusions occur. In extreme cases of ON, the affected person forgoes eating any food, explaining it as a health concern. The degree of prevalence of ON in society is still highly questionable. Numerous studies indicate the prevalence of this problem, but there is no consistent data on the degree of severity of ON. The degree of severity of ON in the general population ranges from 6% to as high as 90%, such significant variation may be due to cultural reasons or a defect in the measurement tool. To date, a useful tool for diagnosing ON has not been developed, little that ON is still not treated as a separate disease or disorder. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present diagnostic possibilities in the form of psychometric tools that can be used in conducting scientific research and in psychological and dietetic practice.
Interes i zainteresowanie jako kategorie analizy politologicznej
Authors: Karwat Mirosław
Published: July 2022

INTEREST AND ATTENTION AS CATEGORIES OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ANALYSIS

The concept of interest is used in describing and explaining political activities in various aspects: in terms of motive, intention, calculation. An individual participating in political activity represents a tangle of interests requiring coordination and selection: self-interest (personal and separate), self-interest as its share in the interest of the community, common interest with partners, allies, superior interest of society, group, party, church requiring sacrifices at one’s own expense. Thus, following an interest is a choice in a situation of tension, conflict of interests, not only external, but also internal. Interest materializes in the decisions and actions of the subject on the basis of the fact that at a given moment and in a given case, he is interested in something. The willingness of individuals to participate in the community, to identify with it, to be active and to make sacrifices for the common good, and to perform common tasks, depends on whether it has a sense of influence, a satisfying share of the benefits. An individual takes action if there is a correspondence between what is expected of him and what he himself is interested in.
Modulacja i modulatory relacji politycznych – ujęcie teoriopolityczne
Authors: Obacz Piotr
Published: July 2022

MODULATION AND MODULATORS OF POLITICAL RELATIONS: POLITICAL THEORY APPROACH
The article aims to explain the phenomenon of modulation of political relations and to present the proposition of theoretical systematization of modulators of political relations. It is based on meta-theoretical analysis of the nature of modulation and modulators. The categories of modulation and modulators seem to have a significant explanatory utility on the ground of political theory as they refer to the problem of regulation, correction, adjustment, and homeostasis of political relations. The paper is an invitation to further studies in the field of political theory on the title issue, indicating possible directions of prospective inquiries.
The chicken game jako model eksplanacyjno-prognostyczny w polityce
Authors: Ziółkowski Jacek
Published: July 2022

“CHICKEN GAME” AS AN EXPLANATORY AND PROGNOSTIC MODEL IN POLITICS The main aim of the article is to present one of the game theory models: chicken game. This model is highly valuable in the processes of analysis and forecasting of the behavior of political decision-makers. Chicken game combines the basic assumptions for game theory based on a rational model and elements of optimizing the results of political games through psychological influence, resisting blackmail, and intimidation of other players. The widespread use of such tactics and strategies justifies a closer and in-depth analysis of this model.
Polscy parlamentarzyści wobec pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Hoffmann Marta
Published: July 2022

POLISH MPS’ RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: AN EXAMPLE OF SCIENTIFICATION OF POLITICAL DEBATE?
As compared to other complex social processes, scientification of public discourse is a phenomenon which is not well described in social sciences. Frequently, the idea of scientification is understood as methodological changes within social sciences which bring them closer to natural sciences and, in this sense, is related to traditional Positivist approach. In the article, the meaning of the term has been changed in order to describe a situation in which public political discourse is being transformed in such a way that, in effect, it resembles scientific discourse. This change in understanding the meaning of the idea of scientification has been presented on the example of an analysis of Polish MPs’ statements at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in Poland in 2020.
Self-management interventions to support help-seeking behaviours in inflammatory bowel disease: a scoping review
Authors: Byron Clodagh , Savage Eileen , Lehane Elaine , Burton Aileen , Cornally Nicola
Published: July 2022

Background:

Those living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) typically experience a range of physical, psychological and social challenges. However, there is little evidence of patients actively seeking help from health professionals to support their self-management planning for the challenges experienced outside of scheduled care. There is a growing body of research reviews on self-management interventions to support patients with IBD. While various positive effects of self-management were found across the interventions in these reviews, there was insufficient detail on what aspects of the self-management interventions were most effective in supporting patients to seek help from health professionals for challenges experienced with IBD.

Aim:

To determine the scope of studies that reported on self-management interventions, focused on supporting patients in seeking help from health professionals to manage the challenges associated with IBD.

Methods:

The Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for conducting scoping reviews were employed. Searches were conducted in five databases to locate articles and assess eligibility for inclusion. A total of 17 articles were eligible for inclusion. Narrative summary was employed to analyse the findings.

Findings:

The component of the intervention that facilitated help-seeking behaviour varied across all studies. The triggers identified for seeking help were physical, psychological and administrative in nature. Both the online interventions, which facilitated help-seeking behaviour via instant messaging, email and telephone calls, and IBD helplines proved effective in facilitating help-seeking.

Conclusion:

There is a need to conduct qualitative research examining patients' experiences of seeking help for the challenges associated with IBD, as well as expanding the data on identifying their preferred methods of seeking help, as well as perceived facilitators and triggers to seeking help.
The Health and Care Act 2022
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: July 2022

Penny Harrison explores a new legislative act and its impact on gastrointestinal nurses, daily work patterns and patient care
Efficacy and side effects of Blacksoap® as adjuvant therapy of scabies: a randomized control trial
Authors: Anissa Lidwina , Indriatmi Wresti , Wibawa Larisa Paramitha , Widaty Sandra
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND Blacksoap® is recognized as adjuvant therapy for scabies, but there has been no significant study on its effectiveness. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between Blacksoap® and placebo on standard treatment for pruritus visual analog scale (VAS) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) scores before and after receiving therapy.

METHODS This single-blind randomized controlled trial was held in a boarding school in West Java in 2018. Subjects were recruited consecutively by random cluster sampling. Both groups received standard permethrin 5% cream therapy. The intervention group (n = 37) obtained Blacksoap®, while the control (n = 41) received baby soap. During the initial assessment, pruritus VAS and TEWL scores were taken. The cure rate, scores of pruritus VAS and TEWL, as well as side effects were assessed and compared during the first and fourth weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 (IBM Corp., USA) by a third party, mostly using non-parametric tests.

RESULTS The cure rate of the intervention group was lower than the control in the first week with 75% versus 81% but higher in the fourth week with 97% versus 92%. There was no significant difference in the scores of pruritus VAS and TEWL, as well as side effects between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS The efficacy and safety of scabies treatment were similar between Blacksoap® and placebo adjunctive to standard treatment. Blacksoap®, on top of standard scabies treatment, might benefit patients by providing a higher cure rate in 4 weeks without any considerable adverse effects.
Revisiting talus and free-air temperatures after 50 years of change at an American pika (Ochotona princeps) study site in the Southern Rockies
Authors: Monk Emily M. , Ray Chris
Published: July 2022

Climate change in mountain regions has exposed high-elevation species to rapidly changing temperatures. Although climate exposure can be reduced in certain microclimates, the quality of microclimatic refugia might also degrade with climate change. The American pika (Ochotona princeps) often inhabits high elevations, and is considered climate-sensitive due to its narrow thermal tolerance and recent extirpations in some warmer portions of its range. Pikas behaviorally thermoregulate by taking refuge in the subsurface microclimates found in taluses and other rocky habitats, where daily thermal fluctuations are attenuated and somewhat decoupled from free-air temperatures. Changes in microclimate might reduce the efficacy of this behavioral thermoregulation. This study compares recent (2009–2021) subsurface temperatures at a long-term pika study site with a rare instance of historical (1963–1964) data from the same location. We also place historical and recent microclimates in context using long-term data on free-air temperatures from the same area. Recent free-air temperatures were often warmer than historical records, and subsurface temperatures exhibited even stronger warming between periods. Temperatures measured in the talus were often dramatically warmer in recent records, especially at the deeper of two subsurface sensor placements in this study. Winter months showed the greatest changes in both talus and free-air temperatures. Differences between historical and recent microclimates were not explained by the precise placement of sensors, as recent temperatures were similar across a wide variety of subsurface placements, and temporal changes in free-air temperatures at the historical study site were also reflected in data from nearby weather stations. Together, these results suggest that subsurface microclimates important for pika thermoregulation have changed over the past few decades, perhaps even faster than observed changes in free-air temperatures. The generality of these results and their potential ramifications for ecosystem processes and services should be explored.
Urban risk factors for human Rift Valley fever virus exposure in Kenya
Authors: Gerken Keli Nicole , Mutuku Francis Maluki , Ndenga Bryson Alberto , Agola Gladys Adhiambo , Migliore Eleonora , Fabre Eduardo Palacios , Malumbo Said , Shaita Karren Nyumbile , Rezende Izabela Mauricio , LaBeaud A. Desiree
Published: July 2022

The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that can also transmit directly to humans from livestock. Previous studies have shown consumption of sick animal products are risk factors for RVFV infection, but it is difficult to disentangle those risk factors from other livestock rearing activities. Urban areas have an increased demand for animal source foods, different vector distributions, and various arboviruses are understood to establish localized urban transmission cycles. Thus far, RVFV is an unevaluated public health risk in urban areas within endemic regions. We tested participants in our ongoing urban cohort study on dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) virus for RVFV exposure and found 1.6% (57/3,560) of individuals in two urban areas of Kenya had anti-RVFV IgG antibodies. 88% (50/57) of RVFV exposed participants also had antibodies to DENV, CHIKV, or both. Although livestock ownership was very low in urban study sites, RVFV exposure was overall significantly associated with seeing goats around the homestead (OR = 2.34 (CI 95%: 1.18–4.69, p = 0.02) and in Kisumu, RVFV exposure was associated with consumption of raw milk (OR = 6.28 (CI 95%: 0.94–25.21, p = 0.02). In addition, lack of piped water and use of small jugs (15–20 liters) for water was associated with a higher risk of RVFV exposure (OR = 5.36 (CI 95%: 1.23–16.44, p = 0.01) and this may contribute to interepidemic vector-borne maintenance of RVFV. We also investigated perception towards human vaccination for RVFV and identified high acceptance (91% (97/105) at our study sites. This study provides baseline evidence to guide future studies investigating the urban potential of RVFV and highlights the unexplored role of animal products in continued spread of RVFV.
Comparative study of the unbinding process of some HTLV-1 protease inhibitors using unbiased molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Tiyoula Fereshteh Noroozi , Aryapour Hassan , Moghadam Mostafa Javaheri
Published: July 2022

The HTLV-1 protease is one of the major antiviral targets to overwhelm this virus. Several research groups have developed protease inhibitors, but none has been successful. In this regard, developing new HTLV-1 protease inhibitors to fix the defects in previous inhibitors may overcome the lack of curative treatment for this oncovirus. Thus, we decided to study the unbinding pathways of the most potent (compound 10, PDB ID 4YDF, Ki = 15 nM) and one of the weakest (compound 9, PDB ID 4YDG, Ki = 7900 nM) protease inhibitors, which are very structurally similar. We conducted 12 successful short and long simulations (totaling 14.8 μs) to unbind the compounds from two monoprotonated (mp) forms of protease using the Supervised Molecular Dynamics (SuMD) without applying any biasing force. The results revealed that Asp32 or Asp32′ in the two forms of mp state similarly exert powerful effects on maintaining both potent and weak inhibitors in the binding pocket of HTLV-1 protease. In the potent inhibitor’s unbinding process, His66′ was a great supporter that was absent in the weak inhibitor’s unbinding pathway. In contrast, in the weak inhibitor’s unbinding process, Trp98/Trp98′ by pi-pi stacking interactions were unfavorable for the stability of the inhibitor in the binding site. In our opinion, these results will assist in designing more potent and effective inhibitors for the HTLV-1 protease.
Determination of spider mite abundance in soil of field-grown cucumbers and in plants under predatory mite pressure in invasive infestations using HRM real-time PCR assay
Authors: Kersten Anne-Katrin , Büttner Carmen , Lentzsch Peter
Published: July 2022

The two spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticaeKoch L. (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a plant pest that can lead to severe economic losses in open field cucumber cultivation. Between 2017 and 2019 we studied the abundance of spider mites in the soil to estimate the potential infestation pressure of soil colonizing spider mites. The spider mites were heterogeneously distributed in small concentrations in the soil. Soil colonizing spider mites did not affect spider mite abundance on plants and reversed. We observed that spider mite migration occurred primarily from the edge of the field adjacent to the weed strip. In 2020 and 2021, we investigated the efficacy of the predatory miteNeoseiulus californicus(McGregor) for suppressing spider mite hotspots in the cropland. We compared untreated spider mite hotspots withN.californicustreated hotspots and showed that a single release of predatory mites could result in a high level of control when spider mite infestation density was initially high. With this study, soil can be ruled out as a habitat for spider mites, and attention to spider mite pest control can be directed to plant infestations. The highly sensitive HRM real-time PCR assay was used for the quantification of the spider mites.
The influence of magnocellular and parvocellular visual information on global processing in White and Asian populations
Authors: Carther-Krone Tiffany A. , Marotta Jonathan J.
Published: July 2022

Humans have the remarkable ability to efficiently group elements of a scene together to form a global whole. However, cross-cultural comparisons show that East Asian individuals process scenes more globally than White individuals. This experiment presents new insights into global processing, revealing the relative contributions of two types of visual cells in mediating global and local visual processing in these two groups. Participants completed the Navon hierarchical letters task under divided-attention conditions, indicating whether a target letter “H” was present in the stimuli. Stimuli were either ‘unbiased’, displayed as black letters on a grey screen, or biased to predominantly process low spatial frequency information using psychophysical thresholds that converted unbiased stimuli into achromatic magnocellular-biased stimuli and red-green isoluminant parvocellular-biased stimuli. White participants processed stimuli more globally than Asian participants when low spatial frequency information was conveyed via the parvocellular pathway, while Asian participants showed a global processing advantage when low spatial frequency information was conveyed via the magnocellular pathway, and to a lesser extent through the parvocellular pathway. These findings suggest that the means by which a global processing bias is achieved depends on the subcortical pathway through which visual information is transmitted, and provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between global/local processing, subcortical pathways and spatial frequencies.
Exploring the pre-instruction gender gap in physics
Authors: Burkholder Eric , Salehi Shima
Published: July 2022

There is a substantial body of work in physics education looking at gender disparities in physics. Recent work has linked gender disparities in college physics course performance to disparities in high school physics preparation, but to our knowledge, the origin of the disparity in high school physics preparation is still underexplored. In a select sample, we found that women on average had lower force and motion conceptual evaluation (FMCE) pre-scores (the FMCE is a short conceptual assessment of Newton’s laws), and FMCE pre-score entirely mediated the effects of high school preparation and social-psychological factors on exam performance. The gender gap in FMCE pre-scores could not be explained by differences in the number of physics courses taken in high school. Instead, we find that the gender gap in the FMCE is partially explained by female students’ higher levels of general test anxiety. We hypothesize that the format of the FMCE, a timed assessment, triggers stereotype threat in female students despite being a low-stakes assessment. Therefore, instructors and researchers should take care in interpreting the results of such concept inventory scores and should re-think the way they assess understanding of physics concepts. Results of this work aligned with previous findings on gender disparity in timed exams call upon investigating gender equitable assessment formats for evaluating physics knowledge to replace timed assessments, either high or low stakes.
Birth weight reference for Japanese twins and risk factors for infant mortality: A population-based study
Authors: Ishida Yuri , Takemoto Yo , Kato Masaya , Latif Mahbub , Ota Erika , Morisaki Naho , Itakura Atsuo
Published: July 2022

There is no standard birth weight curve for twins in Japan other than a prototype curve based on 1988–1991. Twins have a high perinatal mortality rate than singletons; therefore, we developed a new standard curve for twin birth weight using data from the 1995–2016 Vital Statistics and compared it with previous reports. We used 469,064 cases for analysis, excluding stillbirths and cases with missing values, and created a standard curve using LMS (statistical methods to vary the distribution by using skewness, median, and coefficient of variation) method. In comparison with previous reports, the mean birth weight decreased by 100–200 g. The groups with the lowest neonatal death rates (NDRs) and infant death rates (IDRs) were those with a birth weight of 1,500–2,499 g (NDR: 0.3%, IDR: 0.6%) and those born at 34–36 weeks (NDR: 0.2%, IDR: 0.4%). Compared to these, the IDR was significantly higher in the 2,500–3,999 g group and the 37–39 weeks group (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.1 in the 2,500–3,999 g group, IRR: 1.3 in the 37w0d–39w6d group). In particular, the risks of neonatal mortality and infant mortality were higher in infants born at a birth weight above 3,500 g. Infants born at a birth weight above 3,500 g may include recipients of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. The most common causes of infant mortality are accidental death and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We considered the possibility that infants treated as healthy newborns and whose mothers were discharged from the hospital without adequate twin care guidance may be more likely to experience unintentional accidents and SIDS at home. The present study suggested that creating a new twin birth weight standard curve and guidance on managing twins at home for full-term and normal birth weight infants may lead to a reduction in infant deaths.
‘This season of cellophane everywhere’: The scintillating cellophane fashions of 1934
Authors: Sauro Clare
Published: July 2022

In 1934, textiles woven with strips of glittering cellophane were the pinnacle of high fashion. This trend has been credited mainly to Elsa Schiaparelli, who worked closely with the French textile manufacturer, Colcombet, to produce some of the most notable textiles of the early 1930s. While Schiaparelli was undeniably prominent in the promotion of cellophane fashions, she was one of many designers utilizing textiles woven with slit cellulose film during this period. The cellophane fashions produced by Schiaparelli and her peers were startling in their modernity and emblematic of the ‘strange glamour’ worn by some of the best-dressed women of the early 1930s. Cellophane fashions were promoted by the French couturiers throughout 1934 and quickly embraced by the American fashion industry. However, despite this initial enthusiasm, the cellophane fashion trend soon subsided as the artistic and intellectual associations of cellophane fashions were replaced with those of practicality and thrift.
Venus & Diana: Fashioning the Jazz Age, curated by Clare Sauro
Authors: Nieling Jennifer
Published: July 2022

Review of: Venus & Diana: Fashioning the Jazz Age, curated by Clare Sauro

The Robert and Penny Fox Historic Costume Collection, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 5 November 2021–6 May 2022