bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Emotional Maturity and Career Decision Making among Twelfth Grade Students
Authors: Yulianti Dwi Indah , Nurhayani
Published: July 2024

Indicators of emotional maturity that can influence career decision-making among 12th-grade students include stress management ability, the ability to delay gratification, self-control, and emotional stability. The higher students' score on these indicators indicates their greater opportunity to make appropriate career decisions. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between emotional maturity and career decision-making among 12th-grade students at State Junior High School 1 Pulau Rakyat Tua. This research employed a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The findings of this study indicate a correlation between emotional maturity and career decision-making in 12th-grade students at State Junior High School 1 Pulau Rakyat Tua. This relationship is positive, as evidenced by a Pearson correlation value of 0.365. The relationship between these two variables, as indicated by the Pearson correlation, is weak, given that the value does not exceed 0.40 or 0.365 < r. The absolute value of r is between 0.25 and 0.50. Career decision-making maturity in students contributes to a better understanding of themselves, such as recognizing their interests, talents, and weaknesses. It also involves exploring career opportunities that match their potential, including information about continuing education or employment.
A pacted transition? The five pacts of the Portuguese double transition (1974-1982)
Authors: Castaño David
Published: July 2024

La transición portuguesa ha sido analizada por varios politólogos desde la década de 1980 del siglo xx y forma parte de la literatura dedicada a las transiciones a la democracia. Sin embargo, sigue siendo difícil comprender y explicar su éxito. Esto es lo que pretende este artículo, recuperando algunas de estas contribuciones y relacionándolas con un enfoque historiográfico basado en estudios recientes sobre la historia política portuguesa y en un conjunto de fuentes primarias que entre tanto han sido desclasificadas. En este sentido, recupera la idea de la existencia en Portugal de una doble transición que tuvo lugar entre 1974 y 1982 y llama la atención no solo sobre los dos pactos firmados en 1975 y 1976, sino también sobre otros tres pactos posteriores que fueron decisivos en el éxito de la transición portuguesa.
Exploring the world of dental sleep medicine: A review
Authors: Wadhawan Richa , Lather Bhavna , Chauhan Payal , Trivedi Puru , Shristy  , Shrivastava Pratiksha , Parihar Shubham
Published: July 2024

Dental sleep medicine is discipline concerned with the study of oral and maxillofacial causes and consequences of sleep-related problems. Obstructive sleep apnea is medical condition that can affect intensely impact an individual’s quality of life and is characterized by upper airway obstruction causing apnea or hypopnea. It can lead to sleep disruptions, excessive daytime sleepiness, reduced productivity, irritability and cognitive impairment and at times can cause both physical and mental trauma to the patients. Snoring can be a regular symptom. Accurate diagnosis and effective management are crucial in such individuals to enhance their quality of life. Untreated, it may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure and other fatal conditions. The primary goal of this article is to offer an overview of obstructive sleep apnea, including its clinical characteristics, methods of diagnosis, clinical management. and in addition to outlook the role dentist in managing obstructive sleep apnea.
Challenges in dentistry at high altitude
Authors: Sachdeva Akshat , Palta Abhishek , Gulrez Maria , Agrawal Palak , Palwankar Drishti , Vats Vrinda
Published: July 2024

Elevated levels of oxidative stresses at higher altitudes can result in numerous adverse health-related events that have been observed most commonly in individuals who are routine flyers, airline crew members and pilots. Pathophysiological processes occurring at high altitudes also can lead to serious effects on oral health. Since much is yet to be known about this subject, this aspect is often neglected. Aviation dentistry as a whole comprises the evaluation, principles of prevention, treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions related to the oral cavity and adjoining areas or adjacent and associated structures and the impact they cause on people who travel or on aircrew members. It also deals with certain flight restrictions that maybe needed. Dental professionals should be aware of the various oral hazards and ways to prevent or treat them. The present review focuses on the various aspects of aviation dentistry and the different ways by which a dentist can contribute in the prevention of oral diseases at higher altitudes.
Using a panoramic radiographic study, the Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI), Mandibular Cortical Width (MCW) or Mental Index (MI) are used to assess bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women and identify sexual dimorphism
Authors: Manna Arpan , Singh Monika , Khan Tanha , Manna Ayan
Published: July 2024

Regressive changes take place in all human tissues, including bone, throughout life. One of these alterations in the human skeletal system is osteoporosis, which starts with the slight bone changes known as osteopenia. Jawbones are where this bony alteration starts in the majority of severe instances. Due to hormonal changes, post-menopausal women have a higher incidence of osteoporosis than the general population, which typically begins in the fourth decade of life. The jaw's bony alterations may be evaluated with the use of a panoramic radiograph, which is also useful in identifying osteoporotic abnormalities. We can examine the qualitative and quantitative panoramic indices in a panoramic radiograph, such as the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), to ascertain sexual dimorphism and estimate bone mineral density (BMD), which is primarily influenced by age and gender.

: A total of 100 patients, 50 men and 50 women, between the ages of 50 and 80, were gathered for the examination. Each patient's orthopantomogram (OPG) was recorded and examined using Sideaxis 4 Viewer (Sinora) software. Three experts completed all of the measurements, and the mean value was statistically analysed.

: The results was obtained using an independent t-test. For both groups, the standard deviation was 7.022 and the mean age was 59.450. Males had mean SLs of 17.32 mm, ILs of 14.15 mm, and MCWs of 4.23 mm. Females had mean SLs of 15.45mm, ILs of 12.94mm, and MCWs of 3.89mm. Further calculations revealed that the mean sPMI and mean iPMI in men and females were, respectively, 0.24mm and 0.29mm, 0.22mm and 0.26. The P values for the sPMI, iPMI, and MCW parameters were, respectively, 0.084, 0.020, and 0.001 and were all significant.

After evaluating all the data, it can be said that radio morphometric indices PMI and MCW or MI may be trusted to accurately measure bone mineral density. Nevertheless, due to the paucity of studies, PMI and MCW results for assessing sexual dimorphism may differ.
The impact of educational videos on toothbrushing behavior among hearing impairment children in special schools in Jambi city
Authors: Rusmiati Rusmiati , Riyadi Slamet , Febrianti Sri , Eldarita Eldarita
Published: July 2024

Special school students, particularly those who are hearing impairment and have limited hearing abilities, require comprehensive oral health promotion. Given their challenge in receiving information, utilizing media becomes crucial for effective communication. Animated videos, catering to the visual strengths of hearing impairment children, present an engaging approach to dental health education that can be specifically tailored to their needs.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of educational videos on the tooth brushing habits of hearing impairment children at the Special School in Jambi City.

This research followed a quasi-experimental design using the pre-test and post-test methodology. It involved purposive sampling, and the research instrument utilized an observation checklist. The data analysis was conducted through an Independent T-Test.

The research product is an oral health education video focusing on tooth brushing. This video underwent validation by material experts, media professionals, and sign language experts. The effectiveness of using educational videos is evident in enhancing tooth brushing behavior among Hearing impairment children. The intervention group exhibited a higher mean post-test value of 11.93 compared to the control group's mean post-test value of 8.07, resulting in a statistically significant difference (p=0.000).

The interpretation demonstrates the effectiveness of the intervention in improving tooth brushing behavior. Educational video media is effective for hearing impairment children in improving tooth brushing skills.
Assessment of oral hygiene practices in the rural population of gwalior district- A cross sectional study
Authors: Yadav Pramod , Jain Prateek , Gupta Mitanshi , Verma Sanjeev Kumar , Sharma Vivek Kumar
Published: July 2024

Oral hygiene is the most essential factor in the prevention and therapy of many diseases, especially periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral hygiene-related knowledge, traditional practices practiced in rural population, self-efficacy, and motivation of rural-based population, with their current oral hygiene practices.  Increased emphasis is being given on spreading dental care facilities and awareness among the rural population, the target population is unfortunately less literate and is not financially equipped compared to their urban counterparts.

A Cross sectional study was carried out in Behat Village, Madhya Pradesh. Random Stratified Sampling Method was used with Sample size 126. A Questionnaire was designed and the subjects were questioned about their daily oral hygiene practices, traditional practices, dietary habits and also sugar score was calculated.

Mean and Standard Deviation was found 39.48 + 15.39. 42.85% of individuals reported that they had suffered from some form of dental problem and has taken the treatment while 57.14% reported that they haven’t taken the dental treatment due to some unveiling barrier like distance, financial condition, fear, etc.

Healthcare seeking behaviour among the rural population towards oral diseases was poor. So, efforts must be made to bring a change in this scenario and to make the rural population aware of the dental problems.
Mucormycosis uncommon encounters: Pediatric and geriatric perspectives in a case report
Authors: Saket Kumar , Vijapur Manjunath , Jha Priya , Kattimani Vasant
Published: July 2024

Mucormycosis, an angioinvasive fungal infection, typically originates in the nose and paranasal sinuses following inhalation of fungal spores. It poses a potentially life-threatening risk, primarily caused by opportunistic, saprophytic aerobic fungi of the Zygomycetes subdivision and Mucorales order. Common risk factors associated with mucormycosis include uncontrolled diabetes, hematological disorders, immunosuppression, underlying systemic diseases, and symptoms associated with COVID-19.

The infection presents various clinical manifestations, including rhino-orbit-cerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and mucocutaneous symptoms. We observed two cases of mucormycosis precipitated by classical and atypical risk factors, affecting individuals of different age groups. Despite the differing presentations, a common underlying systemic cause i.e. diabetes ketoacidosis was evident. The diagnosis was confirmed through either histopathological examination or positive culture.

Mucormycosis ranks as the third most common invasive fungal infection. Treatment entails rapid diagnosis, correction of risk factors, surgical resection or debridement, and appropriate antifungal therapy.
The problem of dehumanisation in the light of Mieczysław Wallis' intellectual biography
Authors: Zegzuła-Nowak Joanna
Published: July 2024

The article presents an ethical problem of dehumanisation in the perspective of the works and experiences of Mieczysław Wallis, a Polish scholar, a representative of the philosophical Lvov-Warsaw School. During World War II the thinker was held captive in the German prisoner-of-war camps for about 5 years. However, he did not yield to the atmosphere of unrest and resignation, he did not immerse himself in the fear of long-lasting captivity, but he continued incessantly his scientific and didactic work. As a result, he not only illustrated the mechanisms of dehumanisation occurring in the camp reality, but also created his original intellectual “preventive programme” which allowed to defend the human psyche, personality, sensations and emotions against their harmful, destructive influence. Its foundation was the world of a human person's inner life, the focus on the sphere of values and aesthetic experiences as well as specifically human activities implied by them.
Scientific progress as an ongoing problem. Philip Kitcher's stance
Authors: Starościc Anna
Published: July 2024

Artykuł podejmuje omawianą we współczesnej filozofii nauki problematykę postępu nauki, który najczęściej rozumiany jest jako rozwój nauki wiązany z dążeniem do odkrycia prawdy. W szczególności analizowane jest stanowisko Philipa S. Kitchera, jednego z najbardziej znanych i wpływowych współczesnych filozofów nauki. Wskazuje się, że jego rozważania pogłębiają tytułową problematykę przede wszystkim poszerzając mapę tej tematyki. Tym samym rozważania Kitchera wpisują się w dominujący obecnie model filozofii nauki, która opisuje i wyjaśnia strategie badawcze, nie zaś koncentruje się na formułowaniu norm metodologicznych niezbędnych do rzetelnego uprawiania nauki, co jeszcze nie tak dawno było głównym zadaniem metodologii nauk.
Analysis of Digital Bank Company Value on the Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Al Hafis M. , Nawir Jubaedah
Published: July 2024

This study investigates how growth opportunity, investment opportunity set, and company size impact the valuation of digital banks that are publicly traded on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2022. The sample selection method employed was full sampling, consisting of 13 companies as samples, and panel data regression analysis was utilized in this study with the assistance of E-views 12 software. According to the research findings, there are several discoveries. First, growth opportunities do not affect company value. Second, investment opportunity sets do affect company value. Third, the company size affects company value.
Keywords: growth opportunity, IOS, ompany size, company value
PHILOSOPHY OF LAUGHTER: THE SEARCH FOR A NEW PARADIGM
Authors: Stoliar Maryna , Kolesnyk Olena
Published: July 2024

The article examines problems that have long been an obstacle to the creation of the philosophy of laughter as a separate problem field. The first obstacle: rationalism and rationalistic supremacy in relation to everything sensual, irrational, spontaneous. The only thing that reconciled rationalists with the phenomenon of laughter was the concept of its indirect utility. The second obstacle lies in the general orientation of philosophy towards moralism, which prevailed until the time of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. Philosophers voluntarily or involuntarily "pull" the facts under the conclusion that seems morally justified to them. The third obstacle to the development of the philosophy of laughter remained for a long time the religious prejudice that laughing is sinful. It is interesting that religious philosophers such as E. E. Shaftesbury, J. G. Haman, and S. Kierkegaard questioned this thesis, thus starting the history of systematic philosophical study of laughter. The fourth reason, which was an obstacle to the development of the philosophy of laughter, we see in the ambition of philosophers, each of whom magnified his own theory, rejecting the theories of other thinkers. For example, Schopenhauer a priori rejected the Kantian understanding of laughter, referring it to this kind of “mistakes” that are not worth proving. The fifth reason that inhibited the development of the theory of laughter is the abstraction of most philosophers from the variety of real “laughter” in favour of some generalized “laughter in general”, which, in fact, does not exist. On the basis of postmodern practices of intertextuality and deconstruction, mutual complementarity and practically equal value of various approaches to explaining the phenomenon of laughter are demonstrated. Postmodern (and metamodern) methodologies allow combining different paradigms of the theoretical understanding of laughter, which do not contradict, but complement each other. At the same time, the collective discourse of the philosophy of laughter does not act as an eclecticism of different views and approaches, but as a harmonious polylogue of philosophical traditions. Due to the inexhaustibility of the object and the subject of research, as well as the need to rethink many cultural phenomena (in particular, clarification of the place of laughter practices in the culture of Ukraine in different historical periods), significant prospects for further research arise.
LAUGHTER THROUGH TIME: BIRTH AND DEATH IN THE RITUAL PRACTICES OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE
Authors: Gotynyan-Zhuravlyova Vitaliia , Sumchenko Irina
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to analyzing the role of laughter in the ceremonial aspects of birth and death across various traditional cultures. It unveils the diverse forms and expressions of laughter within the ritual context, as well as its influence on shaping and changing cultural norms and values. The multifaceted nature of laughter is examined, highlighting its ability to act as a mechanism of social adaptation, a means to overcome fear of the unknown, and a method for expressing communal solidarity. The historical evolution of laughter in ritual contexts is illuminated, with a focus on its symbolic significance and impact on the formation of cultural identity. A comparative analysis of birth-death cycle rituals, where ritual laughter is utilized, reveals both universal and unique aspects of this phenomenon. Through the analysis of both historical and contemporary examples, the article illustrates how laughter serves as a bridge between the past and present, enabling communities to reinterpret and adapt traditional rituals in line with modern realities. The dual nature of laughter in ritual contexts - both celebratory and taboo - depending on cultural norms and the specific nature of the ceremony is also explored. The psychological dimensions of laughter within rituals are considered as a means of healing and psychological relief. The article proposes an understanding of the complex interplay between laughter, tradition, and ritual, emphasizing its unchanging significance in human culture.
LAUGHTER AND DEHUMANIZATION: CAN SHARKS BE SYMPATHIZED?
Authors: Borodina Nataliia
Published: July 2024

Cruel jokes are common in wartime, but they raise questions about dehumanization. It is necessary to define the principle of “permissible level of cruelty” in jokes. Is it the dehumanization when jokes violate the moral norms? Making a decision about the permissible or unacceptable cruelty of a joke should not be guided by the principle of balance “and they also offend us, so we can”, because in this case it is really not understanded what is the difference between the victim and the offender.
Assessing of the acceptable degree of cruelty must be accompanied by an analysis of the narrator’s purpose: does the joke not only attempt to make the immoral funny (which is acceptable, such as jokes about cheating on exams), but also does it attempt to increase the level of discrimination and/or encourage bullying? If so, such a genre may seem funny to a group that discriminates against others, but it is unacceptable and requires public condemnation.
As Steinert notes, “The moral disgust of the one who tells the joke spills over into the joke itself. We might suspect that the person telling the bad joke wants us to approve of his derogatory attitude or the stereotypes on which the joke is based” [Steinert 2017].
Does cruel humor provide relief? It is very doubtful, especially if we recall the history of the detente theory, which today does not have sufficient factors for its acceptance. Does cruel humor dehumanize? Yes, that is why it cannot be encouraged as acceptable in relation to the ruling majority towards national minorities and potentially vulnerable social groups (for example, cruel jokes about dystrophies, which were very popular in Soviet times).
RIDICULING THE FLAWS OF THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY IN WORKS OF ITINERANT DEACONS
Authors: Hrybkova Yuliia , Kashuba Marija
Published: July 2024

Satirical literature in Ukraine during the 17th–18th centuries was a part of the so-called “folk humor culture”, which was not officially recognized. It included the works of itinerant deacons. In reality, these were educated individuals who traveled the country for various reasons, earning their livelihood along the way. Their spoken works left a significant mark on Ukrainian culture in the 18th century and were filled with criticism of the flaws in the contemporary society. Through satire and humor, burlesque and travesty poetry of the deacons aimed to affirm human dignity and ridicule societal norms with the goal of improving them. Their critique was particularly directed at priests and the contemporary social elite, who were supposed to set a moral example for ordinary people. The main objective of the itinerant deacons was to instill high moral virtues in people. Christmas and Easter were the most favorable times for them. In their verses, the birth and resurrection of Christ were perceived as popular celebrations where ordinary people feasted and rejoiced alongside the saints. Such perception elevated the common person and instilled a sense of dignity in them.
ODESA FESTIVAL «HUMORINA» AS AN ELEMENT OF UKRAINIAN CULTURE (FOR THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF “HUMORINA”)
Authors: Zolotaryova Olena
Published: July 2024

The development trends of the Odesa festival “Humorina” and its carnival over the 50 years of its existence are analyzed. The author characterizes the stages of development of the Odesa Festival of Laughter and Humor and justifies the position that, despite the commercialization and politicization of the carnival, which are mostly common to the modern carnival movement in the world, the Odesa “Humorina” has become a significant element of the Ukrainian culture of laughter in its 50 years of existence. The author proposes 8 stages of the development of the festival, each stage of “Humorina” is characterized by certain slogans and heroes, but there are certain trends indicated in the article, which are characteristic of the carnival movement on a global scale, with the development of elements of national history and culture. Carnival was and remains one of the most democratic forms of mass celebration. It is obvious that now the carnival action is becoming a cultural tradition. However, it is appropriate to note the fact that the absence of a full-scale Odessa carnival due to the modern war and pandemic, its replacement by performances of clowns, actors and orchestras, even in such a difficult and dramatic period of the country's life, does not belittle the importance of “Humorina” and the interest in it for both Odessans and all Ukrainians. We consider it obvious that the Odesa Festival of Laughter and Humor over 50 years has become not only one of the hallmarks of Odesa, but also an integral element of the Ukrainian culture of laughter and the culture of Ukraine in general. And we would like to hope that from 2024 a new stage of development of the festival will begin – “Humor after Victory”, and already with the carnival, which will become the subject of further research.
Estereotipos de supremacía y subordinación en la creatividad ecuatoriana: un análisis imagológico de la escritura juvenil lojana
Authors: Sarzi Amade José , Taiano Campoverde Leonor
Published: July 2024

Los especialistas en didáctica y en estudios culturales cuentan con la escritura creativa como instrumento útil para analizar la fuerza que los estereotipos, presentes en la literatura infantil y juvenil, tienen en el imaginario colectivo de millones de adolescentes alrededor del mundo. Este texto aspira presentar los resultados obtenidos en el curso de Expresión oral y escrita del bimestre octubre-diciembre 2014, que tuvo lugar en la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, en el cual, por medio de la creación de ensayos, poemas, cuentos y obras teatrales, los estudiantes han dejado ver la manera cómo los arquetipos y motivos literarios aprendidos durante la infancia y adolescencia han condicionado su concepción del otro y de ellos mismos. Además, la ponencia trata de demostrar la manera cómo la cultura local y la percepción del mestizaje ha influido en la creación de un sincretismo cultural que combina elementos propios de la idiosincrasia ecuatoriana con valores extranjeros. En consecuencia, nuestro estudio se centralizará en el análisis de cuatro estereotipos dominantes: el príncipe azul, el indígena, la mujer protagonista y la mujer malvada.
La maltrecha imagen del vendedor callejero
Authors: Del Campo Tejedor Alberto
Published: July 2024

Fruto de una investigación histórico-cultural desarrollada especialmente en el sur de España, este artículo analiza la imagen estigmatizante de un oficio vinculado al vagabundeo, la picaresca, el engaño, la suciedad, la inmoralidad y la delincuencia. A través de la interpretación de diferentes textos culturales, accedemos no solo a las significaciones que sustentan la visión hegemónica acerca de un tipo de economía informal, sino también al proceso de etiquetaje sobre unas prácticas comerciales y unos sujetos, sobre los que se ha ejercido un control dirigido a vigilar un tipo de comercio y aun un estilo de vida considerados anormales en relación a los patrones de normalización civilizatoria.
Neologismos en la ciencia política. Analizando el concepto de partido desafiante
Authors: Ahedo Rodríguez Unai
Published: July 2024

Los partidos son actores políticos complejos y cambiantes que han ido adaptando sus estructuras organizativas y sus estrategias en función del contexto en el que operan. Debido a la necesidad de comprender la evolución de los partidos en las últimas décadas, han surgido nuevas categorías analíticas como la de «partido desafiante». En este artículo nos centramos en la revisión y reconstrucción del concepto de «partido desafiante». Siguiendo la metodología expuesta por Giovanni Sartori, en primer lugar, examinaremos las problemáticas que han ido surgiendo debido al uso. En segundo lugar, trataremos de indagar en las raíces etimológicas y el contexto en el que surge el término. En tercer lugar, ordenaremos de forma lógica las conceptualizaciones propuestas hasta la fecha, tratando de encontrar los elementos definitorios comunes y centrales del fenómeno. Este proceso nos llevará a formular una concepción renovada del concepto.
Recibido: 25 febrero, 2024; Versión final: 28 mayo, 2024.
Mesoscopic anatomy and histotopography of the left atrial appendage walls in human fetal heart
Authors: Gaponov A. A. , Ufimtseva I. D. , Dmitrieva E. G. , Kuznetsov D. K. , Pryakhina V. I. , Iakimov A. A.
Published: July 2024

Normal anatomy of the left atrial appendage (LAA) of human fetus is of a great importance for fetal cardiac surgery and heart bioprinting. Aim of the study was to clarify the mesoscopic anatomy and histotopography of different parts of the LAA walls in normal human fetuses of 16–22 gestation weeks. Material and methods. We prepared serial histotopograms of the left atrial appendages from 10 normal human fetal hearts stained by Masson trichrome, orcein and fast green. We studied slides by means Olympus CX microscope, TOUPCAM U31S digital camera, and ADF-Image program for measuring. Using a Carl Zeiss EVO LS 10 scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 15–5000 times, three samples were examined using the freeze-chip method. Results. Having measured the outer walls of the LAA intertrabecular spaces, we found that at the level of the middle third of the left atrium, their thickness is minimal in the posterior wall (80 [61–97] μm) (median [lower quartile; upper quartile]), thickness in the anterior wall is 142.9 ± 33.2 μm (mean ± standard deviation) (101 [79–192] μm). At the level of the coronary sulcus, the same parameters were 143.7 ± 23.6 µm (147.5 [90–180] µm) and 137.4 ± 33.9 µm (101 [68–195] µm), respectively. Downward, LAA posterior wall increased about 1.8 in thickness, whereas the thickness of the anterior wall was the same. The endocardium showed the same thickness in all locations. Microanatomically, the LAA myocardium never discovered to build from distinct layers but “anatomical syncytium” or seldom bundles. Collagen and elastic layers were common for endocardium, rare for epicardium. Endocardial elastic fibers interweaved in the underlying collagen so the distinct boundary lacks there. Conclusions. Mesoscopic and microanatomical features of LAA walls in human fetus consist of variable thickness at different levels, unlayered but “syncytial” myocardium, muscleless areas, elastic and collagen layers of the endocardium.
Polymorphic variants of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576) and psychosocial characteristics in adolescent
Authors: Afonicheva K. V. , Smolnikova M. V. , Shubina M. V. , Tereshchenko S. Yu.
Published: July 2024

Adolescence is one of the most difficult period in the person’s life. Adolescent behavior is influenced by many factors, including the social environment, internal attitudes and hormonal levels. One of the important hormones that can change behavior is oxytocin – an extremely important prosocial neuropeptide that influences social bonding from an early age. The effect of oxytocin on the psycho-emotional state is quite individual and may depend on age, gender, ethnocultural factors, social environment, the presence of stress factors, and personality traits. The results of the studies indicate the relationship between the increased concentration of oxytocin and the presence of developed social contacts. The aim of this work was to identify an association between psychosocial characteristics in adolescent of different gender and rs53576 polymorphism of the oxytocin receptor gene. Material and methods. Psychological and genetic testing of adolescents aged 11–18 living in the territory of the Angara-Yenisei macroregion was carried out. Mental health assessment was carried out using the Russian version of the questionnaire “Strengths and difficulties” by R. Goodman. Results and discussion. The rs53576 OXTR AA genotype is more frequent in boys than in girls (20.8 % vs. 14.3 %, p = 0.03). The association of the rs53576 OXTR A allele with social behavior disorders and depression was previously shown. Boys carrying the AA genotype have significantly higher scores (borderline values) on the scales of “Emotional symptoms” and “Problems communicating with peers” compared with carriers of the GA and GG genotypes. Conclusions. Evidences of differing individual psychosocial consequences of high activity of the oxytocinergic system, depending on the context of the social environment, allowed us to formulate the “hypothesis of the social significance of oxytocin”. Problems in communication with peers in adolescents with pronounced social empathy and altruistic personal characteristics can be successfully overcome. Both the general orientation of the pedagogical process towards the approval of prosocial behavior, and socially significant personalities, whom adolescents can perceive as an example to follow, can help in many ways.
Study of the effect of phytoextract based on rice husk and germ film, green tea on the functional properties of cells involved in bone tissue metabolism
Authors: Sitnikova N. A. , Bondarenko N. A. , Kushnarenko A. O.
Published: July 2024

Osteoporosis is a disease associated with a decrease of bone density and quality. Bone tissue is especially sensitive to changes in trace element content in the body. Deficiency of macro- and microelements (silicon, calcium, manganese, etc.) can lead to the development of osteoporosis. The aim of the research was to study the effect of NaBiKat phytoextract on the viability and functional activity of fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts and osteoclasts, involved in bone metabolism in osteoporosis. Material and methods. An aqueous solution of the NaBiKat phytocomplex consisting of rice husks and germ film, green tea was used in the work; its content of basic chemical elements was measured using atomic immersion spectral analysis. The cytotoxicity of the phytoextract was evaluated on fibroblasts, MSCs, and osteoblasts of humans using the MTT test. The activity of mitochondria in cells was assessed by staining with a fluorescent dye TMRM. The production of intracellular proteins in osteoblasts and osteoclasts was determined using flow cytometry. Results and discussion. In an aqueous solution of phytoextract, a large amount of sodium, potassium, silicon, manganese, magnesium and a small amount of calcium, iron are found. The phytoextract did not have a cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts and stimulated proliferation of MSCs and osteoblasts up to 112–128 % and up to 130 %, respectively. At maximum concentration, the phytocomplex reduced osteoblast proliferation. Phytocomplex enhanced mitochondria activity in MSCs and osteoblasts, reduced in fibroblasts and osteoclasts. Under its influence, an increase in RANKL synthesis was observed in osteoblasts, the amount of type 1 collagen did not change, and cathepsin K production decreased in osteoclasts, while it did not significantly affect MMP-9 content. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that an aqueous phytoextract based on rice husk and germ film, green tea leaves is safe for MSCs, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in humans and is able to stimulate the functional activity of osteoblasts, as well as reduce the activity of osteoclasts due to the high content of macro- and microelements.
Cytomegalovirus antibody level and progression of chronic heart failure
Authors: Shilov S. N. , Berezikova E. N. , Mayanskaya S. D. , Pankova I. V. , Pinkhasov B. B. , Popova A. A. , Tabdaeva D. Zh. , Vikhreva A. D.
Published: July 2024

This study demonstrates the relationship between IgG titer to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-1β concentration, the prognosis after hospitalization of patients due to decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF) during 24 months of observation. Material and methods. We examined 132 patients with CHF of ischemic etiology (age 59.0 [54.0; 63.5] year, median [lower quartile; upper quartile]), hospitalized for CHF decompensation. Patients were included in the study after stabilization of CHF decompensation before discharge from the hospital. Subsequently, patients were prospectively monitored for 24 months. Upon inclusion in the study, TNF-α, IL-1β plasma concentration was determined, before discharge from the hospital and after 24 months – the titer of IgG antibodies to CMV. Results. The titer of IgG to CMV in the cohort of patients was 1356 [835; 1931] units/ml. Patients were divided into tertiles 1, 2 and 3 with an antibody titer of less than 923, from 923 to 1811 and more than 1811 units/ml, respectively (44 persons in each group). Individuals from the tertile 3 group were more likely to have IV functional class CHF (p = 0.025), and also had a higher content of pro-inflammatory cytokines (p = 0.001 for TNF-α and p = 0.019 for IL-1β), and the number of hospitalizations due to decompensation of CHF, worsening functional class of CHF and deaths during 24 months of observation than in patients of tertile 1. Conclusions. With an increased level of IgG to CMV in patients with CHF, there is an increase in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events within 24 months after an episode of CHF decompensation compared to patients with lower antibody levels. The activity of the inflammatory process, which is influenced by CMV infection, on the background of immunosuppression in patients with CHF, is likely an important trigger for the progression of cardiovascular pathology and mortality.
COVID-19 Virtual Teaching and Learning Impact on TVET Students’ Academic Success
Authors: Du Plessis Davy , Quest Rejoice , Jario Emma
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated many essential modifications across all sectors of the economy, including the education sector. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Technical and Vocational Education and Training lecturers were offered via a blended mode. The COVID-19 pandemic commanded entire Virtual Teaching and Learning for these students and lecturers. The article looks at the impact of student academic success due to only Virtual Teaching and Learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Department of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) at the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), Windhoek, Namibia. This study employed a quantitative approach to collect data from the TVET Department students of 2020 cohorts. For this purpose, an online survey was developed and deployed via Qualtrics to 240 students. The article’s main findings revealed that Virtual Teaching and Learning contributed to students’ academic success, as proven by the 75 % graduation number of these participants. However, the participants stated that technical problems and reduced motivation are the two most significant challenges most participants encountered during the COVID-19 Virtual Teaching and Learning. Furthermore, Virtual Teaching and Learning is an alternative mode of study to avoid the costs associated with frequent traveling to attend face-to-face classes. The article further emphasizes the need to integrate digital inclusion within Technical and Vocational Education and Training. Finally, continuous infrastructure and support systems improvement must be implemented to promote equitable access to technical and vocational education training.
Decent and Sustainable Work: Around the Discussion on the Importance of International Law in the Regulation of Employment Relations
Authors: Wrocławska Tatiana
Published: July 2024

Transnational strategies not only show the contemporary risks in the world of work, but also point to directions and measures to mitigate them. In this regard, recognising a certain regression in the protection of workers’ rights, it is worth emphasising the question of the role of decent and sustainable work, which occurs in one of the important documents of the International Labour Organisation (hereafter: the ILO). It is noteworthy that the adjective ‘sustainable’ increasingly appears in various social, economic, and environmental aspects, including but not limited to sustainable employment, the workplace, and sustainable work. This raises the question about the meaning of the phrase ‘decent and sustainable work’. Apart from a rather general link to certain areas of the strategic objectives, we do not find an answer to it in the documents in which it appears. For this reason, in the presented study it was decided to characterise briefly both concepts considering the achievements of the ILO and Eurofund as well as the relationship occurring between them. Moreover, an attempt was made to give an answer on the starting point for effectively counteracting negative phenomena and related risks in the world of work within the framework of the concept of decent work.
Big Data Analytics in the Algorithmic Management Process: The Case of Transport Platforms in the Gig Economy
Authors: Nowik Paweł
Published: July 2024

Gig economy business models are based on the mass automation of management decisions and workplace surveillance, which require using vast amounts of data and conditioning the algorithmic management system to function optimally. As a result, data has become an increasingly valuable and strategic economic resource. Ride-hailing platforms were a pioneer in this area. The privacy policies of transport platforms such as Bolt, Uber, and Deliveroo specify the use of data to train machine learning algorithms, which form the basis of automated decision-making. The accumulation of data and the asymmetry of information on these platforms leads to a serious violation of privacy rights. As companies collect more and more data about us, we lose control over how that data is used. This issue was highlighted a few years ago by Professor Shoshana Zuboff, who used the term “surveillance capitalism”. Within its framework, the human rights category of the right to privacy becomes the new free raw material for producing behavioural data, and the current article aims to analyse this phenomenon.
The Responsibility to Respect Workers’ Rights in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Zbucka-Gargas Marta
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this publication is to identify those responsible for violations of basic labour rights in global supply chains. The free movement of finance capital does not go hand in hand with the protection of human rights, and the possibility of using the work of workers all over the world in production does not guarantee equal treatment in the field of elementary human rights. The weakness of many states, the need for capital investment, the race to keep costs low, and the lack of diligence in complying with the law result in human rights violations. The multitude of actors involved and the jurisdiction of many countries do not create a clear picture of liability. It is necessary to try to assign responsibility to those process participants who are involved in the creation of the supply chain and who benefit financially from it.
The Role of the International Labour Organisation in Shaping Working Conditions in the Textile Industry
Authors: Miernicka Irmina
Published: July 2024

Over the years, concerns about working conditions and labour rights within the textile industry have become increasingly prominent. Addressing these issues, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) has played a pivotal role in shaping and improving working conditions across the textile sector. This paper aims to explore the key legal regulations and non-legislative initiatives undertaken by the ILO. The author refers to the texts of the conventions, studies of the ILO and other organisations, as well as the literature on law. The research conducted indicates that the ILO’s actions positively impacted the textile industry’s labour practices globally. Nevertheless, the author argues that it is necessary to adopt a convention specifically dedicated to labour rights in the textile industry, thereby promoting fair and sustainable practices that benefit workers, businesses, and economies.
Clinical Functions and Bioactivities of Hyaluronan and its Fragments: A Minireview
Authors: Hui Mizhou
Published: July 2024

High molecular weight gel-like hyaluronan injectable solution or gels has been marketed for local injection more than a half century, including joint cavity injectable solution, eye surgery gel, dermal filler gel and anti-adhesive gel for abdominal surgery, solutions for bladder painful syndrome and dry eyes. No clearly definated bioactivities or clinical functions and action mechanisms were confirmed due to the poor tissue permeability of high molecular weight hyaluronan and the poor access to its cell surface binders or receptors deep inside of human tissues. Recent studies in Nature and Science indicated that naked mole rat having 6% tissue content of hyaluronan, and its fragments has extremely long-life span and nature of cancer resistance, inflammation resistance and pain resistance.
SSHAP West Africa Hub: Health Emergency Cycles and Social Context in West Africa
Authors: Jegede Ayodele , Conteh Abu , Sow Khoudia , Boyon Mariam , Grant Catherin , Schmidt-Sane Megan , Leach Melissa
Published: July 2024

The SSHAP West Africa Hub brings together academics, humanitarian responders and public health practitioners primarily working in Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone to explore socio-political and historical issues shaping crises, with the intention of enhancing national and humanitarian programmes seeking to reach vulnerable groups. In this landscape paper, we aim to summarise the contextual factors that shape health emergencies and responses to health emergencies in the West Africa region (termed ‘health emergency cycles’). Drawing on examples from Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone, we explore the interrelationship of disease outbreaks with socio-cultural, economic and political contexts, and we address issues of response governance and local capacity within national health systems. We demonstrate how different emergencies are interconnected and related to long-term stressors in the region, arguing for a less siloed approach to response. Whilst we recognise the vast heterogeneity in the region, we draw on thematic commonalities that speak to wider regional issues. We conclude with some social science priorities for responding to crises.
Вопросы депопуляции коренных народов Севера и их природно-социальные корни
Authors: Горбачев А.Л. ,   Северо-Восточный государственный университет
Published: July 2024

Для исследования здоровья и процессов депопуляции северных популяций проведен эколого-физиологический скрининг жителей Магаданской области (Северо-Восток России). Исследованы аборигенные группы (эвены, коряки, чукчи, метисы) и пришлое население. Маркером состояния функциональных систем человека и демографической стабильности популяции избран элементный статус: содержание в организме эссенциальных элементов.
Использование микроэлементов в методах количественного и качественного определения флавоноидов в растительном сырье
Authors: Еркин А.А. ,   ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет», Науменко О.А. ,   ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет»
Published: July 2024

Флавоноиды являются важными эссенциальными веществами, они поступают в организм с растительной пищей или лекарственными растениями, богатыми флавоноидными соединениям. Флавоноиды обладают широким спектром биологической активности (антиоксидантной, антибактериальной). Рассмотрены методы качественного и количественного определения флавоноидов на основе цветных реакций с участием таких микроэлементов, как магний, цинк и алюминий, которые участвуют в восстановительных реакциях флавоноидов и дают красное (магний), оранжевое (цинк), желтое (алюминий) окрашивание. Представлена роль данных микроэлементов в организме и механизм их химического действия, используемый в методах количественного и качественного анализа содержания флавонолов и флавонов в экстрактах Zеa mаys (кукурузы обыкновенной). Для установления факта наличия флавоноидов в экстрактах проведены четыре качественные реакции: Вильсона, цианидиновая проба, реакция с щелочью, реакция с хлоридом алюминия, которые дали положительный результат с экстрактами Zеa mаys, что подтвердило присутствие в них флавоноидов. Для количественного определения флавоноидов использовали спектрофотометрию при длине волны 430 нм по реакции с хлоридом алюминия в пересчете на кверцетин. Предварительно был построен калибровочный график с разведениями кверцетина в присутствии хлорида алюминия. По результатам спектрофотометрии установлено, что массовая доля флавонолов и флавонов в анализируемой пробе Zеa mаys составила 18% мг/г сухой массы. Полученные результаты показывают, что рыльца и пестики Zеa mаys являются перспективным и богатым источником флавоноидов. Целесообразно дальнейшее использование магния, цинка и алюминия в разработке новых методов определения флавоноидов.
Вклад атомных электростанций в общий индекс сброса химических веществ в сточных водах, сбрасываемых в водные объекты на территории РФ за 2018-2022 гг.
Authors: Сарайкин А.И. ,   ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет»
Published: July 2024

Приведены данные по объёму валового сброса химических веществ в сточных водах атомных электростанций (АЭС), сбрасываемых в водные объекты на территории РФ. Обсуждается методика по исчислению размера вреда, причиненного водным биологическим ресурсам, а также мероприятия, нацеленные на сохранность природных систем, поддержания их целостности и жизнеобеспечивающих функций.