bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of urban agglomeration in a pandemic
Authors: Korotkova Svetlana , Dobrolyubova Anastasiya , Filyushina Galina
Published: June 2021

The features of the modern development of urban agglomerations should be considered from the standpoint of the changed conditions of the socio-ecological space. They are associated with the situation of a pandemic, which is especially aggravated in large cities. Since Kazan is a developing city, the possibilities of creating new conditions on the territory of expansion were considered. Two aspects of design are considered, which are associated with the study of the clinical manifestations of viral diseases and the formation of resilience in the organization of the environment for elderly people. The study highlights the main features of design approaches for centers studying human immunology and residential clusters that take into account the characteristics of the elderly. In the context of the territory, design principles were proposed, considered as infrastructure principles and residential cluster principles. The infrastructure associated with human learning is expressed in the following: isolation, planning cyclicality, polyfunctionality, accessibility for the elderly. Residential development is based on: spatial identity, human scale of the environment, continuity of communications, inclusion in the natural environment. Thus, it seems possible to work out a unique solution in terms of sustainable development of previously abandoned territories. Attentive attitude to landscape components is on a par with a humanistic attitude towards the most vulnerable groups of the population.
Sustainable urban regeneration of brownfield sites
Authors: Zaletova Elena , Ismagilova Svetlana , Arsenteva Yulia
Published: June 2021

Nowadays regeneration of warehouse zones and former industrial areas of the city is becoming one of the most relevant strategies for cities’ sustainable development. The main purpose of the research is to identify the methods and principles of structural and spatial transformations of existing urban areas. The research formulates the need to rethink the attitude to urban planning in general, as well as reveals the warehouse zones’ («Brownfields») potential for sustainable development while their integrated use. On the example of the industrial territory in Kazan, there were developed the principles and methods of structural-density and morphological transformations, which can be used in projects for sustainable development and transformation of existing urbanized settlements. A formalized model of study area’s structural reorganization is constructed, on the basis of which the identified principles of regeneration are tested.The obtained results make it possible to formulate the basic principles underlying structural and planning transformations of warehouse zones and to create its urban planning renovation model. The developed practical methods of implementing such strategies can be applied in the further development of urbanized territories, both new and existing ones.
Museum and center for contemporary art: design principles and functional features
Authors: Bashirova Elza , Denisenko Elena , Akhmetova Kamilla , Kadirov Vilnur
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the topical issue of the establishment of museum and center for contemporary art. The objective of the research is to analyze the historical background of contemporary art museums; to review the world design practice of them according to urban planning, functional, architectural and expositional criteria; to reveal functional features’ trends and to identify the design principles of an advanced center for contemporary art. We collected more than 45 leading examples to compile a matrix using classification and analysis methods. As a result, we reached the museums’ functional features: administrative, exhibition, educational, recreational are fixed functions; storage and research functions are optional; cultural and entertainment are particularly additional functions. At first, art museums and centers are focused on adaption to visitors and intersection with them, secondly, on the exhibit. To sum up, we define the design principles of the ideal architectural model on the basis of urban planning, architectural, sociocultural and technological radicals. In conclusion, it is revealed that contemporary art centers have absorbed most of the historical functions of the museum and today are one of the developed types of the multifunctional architecture.
Formation of the identity of the profitable complexes of the Old Tatar Quarter in Kazan of the late ХIХ - Early ХХ centuries
Authors: Nadyrova Dilyara
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of the architectural identity of the profitable complexes of the turn of the XIX and XX centuries of the Old Tatar Quarter - one of the oldest ethnic districts of Kazan. Profitable buildings and complexes of the studied period constitute a significant part of the preserved development of this territory. The article reveals the little-studied facts of the formation of profitable houses, examines the nature of their functional content, establishes the relationship between the material and non-material components of identity. Comprehensive analysis of the materials revealed the multifunctional nature of the profitable complexes. The level of identity of the complex is determined by the variety of its material and non-material features. A special role in the formation of the identity of the complex was played by the intangible component, which was determined by various factors. The results of the research are important for the restoration of cultural heritage sites and the introduction of little-known and unpublished archival materials into scientific circulation. Determining the identity of the profitable buildings of the Old Tatar Quarter is important for the further sustainable development of the district and for the preservation of the culture of the Tatar people.
Explosive technologies in transport construction
Authors: Tuktamyshov Nail
Published: June 2021

Performing different works (construction of road embankments, canals, tunnels, moving some soil mass in a given direction), as well as construction of various towers, power transmission supports, foundations for bridge supports, special pits for anchors are carried out by explosive technologies. The paper analyzes in detail a new method of determining the boundary of the explosion excavation. Its distinguishing features are the use of an impulse-hydrodynamic model for setting explosion problems and use of boundary problems of the theory of analytical functions. The new method is used in solving the problem of determining the boundary of the ejection excavation for the case of a buried charge. The results of calculations for the main geometric parameters of the explosion are given. The prospects for the development and application of the method are discussed.
Design aspects of operation of water supply facilities of pumping stations
Authors: Nasyrova Naira , Glovatsky Oleg , Ergashev Rustam , Rashidov Jaloliddin , Kholbutaev Boybek
Published: June 2021

The aim of the research is to identify the hydrodynamic regularities in the improvement of operating modes in the water supply structures of pumping stations with vertical vane pumps. The authors studied the conditions for supplying water to the pumping station and the flow path of the pumps of the OP2...OP10 type. The curvature of the flow jets causes the swirl of the flow in front of the impellers, directed counterclockwise for the units located to the left of the axis in the direction of the flow and clockwise - located to the right. With such a flow structure, in the most unfavorable hydraulic conditions there are pumps, the direction of rotation of the impellers of which coincides with the direction of the natural swirl of the flow. The nature of hydraulic losses in the impeller of an axial pump in a wide range of feed changes within (0.1...0.4) Qо has been established. When the direction of rotation of the vortex α coincides with the direction of rotation of the pump, the decrease in flow reaches 0.5 Q0 for OPV 10 pumps, and (0.6 ... 0.7) Q0 for OP2...OP6 pumps. Impellers of axial-flow pumps must be designed taking into account shear phenomena.
The forces acting on the teeth of catching machine
Authors: Ergashev Rustam , Bekchanov Fakhriddin , Rashidov Jaloliddin , Kholbutaev Boybek
Published: June 2021

Republic of Uzbekistan, pumping stations are used in very difficult conditions. The presence of various particles and effluents in the water has a negative effect on the operating modes of the pumping equipment. Special grilles are installed to prevent the catching devices from entering the advance chamber of the pump station. The shape and length of the device covers are of great importance so that they are caught in front of the grilles and completely cover the accumulated debris. In the article, the laws of mechanics were used to determine the shape and size of the working device of the device for cleaning the effluent flowing into the pump station as water and accumulated in front of the grids. In doing so, the condition of ensuring complete removal of the leaks covered by the device was taken into account. It was argued that the angle γ between the working surfaces and velocities of the covers should be less than 90-φ over its entire working surface in order to fully cover the device shafts. It was found that when the working surface of the device is flat, the time of interaction with the catching device pieces is minimal. Studies and literature have shown that the angle of friction on the working surfaces of the device covers should be φ=20°, the angle between the working surface of the device cover and the rotational speed γ=70°.
Ensuring the stability of the deep pit enclosure and foundation bases in the conditions of reconstruction of the architectural monument in the city of Kazan
Authors: Mirsayapov Ilizar , Khasanov Rubis , Safin Danil
Published: June 2021

Technical solutions for the reconstruction of the building of the Shamovskaya Hospital, an architectural monument built in 1907-1910, are highlighted in Kazan. The reconstruction involves the construction of a 4- storey underground extension to the building. The implementation of the developed architectural solutions revealed a number of problems associated with ensuring the stability of the foundation when developing a deep pit in the immediate (0.5 m) proximity to the building. The authors propose technical solutions to strengthen the foundations of the existing building of the Shamovskaya Hospital, as well as the structure of the retaining wall.
To the calculation of the toroidal shell with a local deepening on the external and on the inner surface
Authors: Yakupov Nukh , Kiyamov Khakim , Mukhamedova Inzilija
Published: June 2021

Thin-walled toroidal shells are widely used in the construction During operation, various defects appear on the surface of the shells, in particular, local depressions on the outer and inner surfaces, causing stress concentration in the structure. A three-dimensional spline option of the finite element method was developed to determine the stress-strain state of a toroidal shell with a local deepening on the outer and inner surface. The numerical experiments were carried out. The regularities of the changes in a stress-strain state of the shell with the change in the geometric parameters of the deepening were noted.
Calculation of the durability of sealing and awning materials
Authors: Koutsenko Timur , Shelihov Nikolay , Kutsenko Svetlana
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the hypotheses for determining the equivalent laboratory modes for assessing the durability of sealing and awning materials, and evaluates the accuracy of the proposed method. Qualitative research of operational factors influence (UV, temperature) on sealing and awning materials durability was conducted. Purpose of the study: a method for predicting the durability of sealing and awning materials. Methods: Methods for fast assessment of durability and methods of equivalent factors. Results: Based on the obtained regularities of the behavior of sealing and awning materials under conditions of repeated loading and ultraviolet radiation, as well as the accepted hypotheses about the summation of damage and irreversibility of the destruction process, a laboratory test mode was determined that was equivalent in terms of the level of introduced destruction to the operating mode, including the action of multiple loads and ultraviolet radiation.

Based on the equivalent accelerated test mode and the characteristics of the operating mode of loading and irradiation, a method for assessing the durability of sealing and awning materials is proposed.
Epoxy and epoxy novolac adhesive binders for structural reinforcement systems of building structures
Authors: Starovoitova Irina , Nizamiev Rustem
Published: June 2021

Today, along with the conventional materials and technologies for reinforcement of building structures, structural reinforcement systems based on polymer composites are on the rise. A structural reinforcement system consists of reinforcing filler (normally, carbon fiber fabric or cloth) and adhesive binder. This paper investigated the modification of epoxy nobake adhesive binders to provide a higher thermal resistance and mechanical strength. The influence of epoxy novolac resins on the processing and physical mechanical properties of adhesives, thermal resistance is studied. It is found that the substitution of 20-40 % of epoxy resin for epoxy novolac resin in the binder increases tensile strength by 40-50 %, flexural modulus by 20 %, reduces tensile strain, and increases glass transition temperature. From the processing point of view, it is more reasonable to use liquid epoxy novolac resins with a functionality of f=2.5 than semisolid resins with a functionality of f=3.6.
Determinants of housing affordability in the region
Authors: Kleshcheva Olga
Published: June 2021

The issue of providing the population with affordable housing is one of the most pressing social concerns. Each region necessitates a distinct approach. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors that influence a housing affordability level in the region, analyze the impact mechanisms inherent in them, and assess the quantitative impact of these factors on the housing affordability index. The following factors have a direct impact on housing affordability: the rate of inflation, the population size, the cost of housing, the loan interest rate, the rate of housing construction, the investment scale, the income level of the population, and the economic system's overall development level. The quantitative assessment of the cumulative impact of these factors on the level of housing affordability is based on building a regression model describing how the housing affordability index in the region depends on multiple factors and assessing its reliability. The simulation model confirmed that the supply, demand, and housing market conditions have the greatest impact on housing affordability in the region.
Redevelopment of urban areas
Authors: Lapidus Azarii , Topchiy Dmitry
Published: June 2021

In the context of ongoing transformations in society and the globalization of economic relations, the objects of the spatial environment of modern urban areas are also changing. The trend towards redevelopment or re-profiling of the urban environment in the direction of greening and increasing the comfort of living of the urban population is becoming more and more significant. These changes have become popular in a number of large cities in Russia due to the huge rate of population urbanization and the movement from small settlements towards megacities or large population centers. As a result, some of the territories occupied in the past years by the industrial sector, dilapidated production bases, transport hangars, and in some cases, dilapidated residential buildings have turned into modern residential complexes equipped with the necessary infrastructure, playgrounds, shopping centers and other objects of social significance. The article discusses the trend of re-profiling of the territory on the example of the city of St. Petersburg, which has significant capacity in this area. The old city center is saturated with industrial areas that are currently not used for their intended purpose. The needs for residential real estate data are realized by developers who actively repurpose these territories for modern large-scale residential complexes. However, this process is quite time-consuming and requires a lot of design work. At the same time, the re-profiling of the territory should be accompanied by the economic efficiency of these works, an example of the calculation of which is presented in the article.
Civil law regulation of investments in the digital infrastructure of the construction industry
Authors: Pugacheva Anna , Hakimullin Marseille , Badrutdinov Marat , Kashina Svetlana , Lunev Aleksandr
Published: June 2021

Civil law regulation of investments combines regulations from different industry sectors and is characterized by its complexity. An efficient type of investment in the digital infrastructure of the construction industry is a financial lease. The purpose of the study is to characterize the civil law regulation of a financial lease. The methodological basis was the technical and legal method that ensures the effectiveness of the analysis of civil law regulation of a financial lease, the adequacy of the assessment of concepts and legal structures. The following results of the study have been obtained: the content of the international financial leasing transaction and the essence of a financial lease in Russia have been determined; particular aspects of the implementation of the UNIDROIT Convention in Russia have been identified. The content of the international financial leasing transaction reflects a threeway process with the participation of the equipment seller, lessor and lessee, who are linked by a supply contract and a lease contract. In Russian legislation, the term «financial lease» is used. The essence of a financial lease reflects both a lease contract with elements of sale in conjunction with the purchase option and the type of secured financing. Particular aspects of the implementation of the UNIDROIT Convention in Russia are due to different terminology and are associated with cross-border leasing. A draft federal law is undergoing a regulatory impact assessment, which provides for the introduction of a financial lease concept. Civil law regulation of leasing relations will ensure the effectiveness of attracting investments in order to improve the digital infrastructure of the construction industry.
Optimization of construction time regulations for large-panel residential buildings
Authors: Ibragimov Ruslan , Badrutdinov Marat , Pugacheva Natalya , Kashina Svetlana , Farah Reda
Published: June 2021

The need to modernize residential construction technologies is an imperative for reducing labour, material, technical, fuel and energy resources. The purpose of the study is to optimize the construction time regulations for the large-panel residential buildings by synchronizing construction flows. The methodological basis contains the principles of climatic zoning for building construction and technical regulation, affecting the particular features of architectural design and the construction schedule. A technique for the combination of maximum allowable types of work under continuous construction arrangement has been developed and coefficient of combination of different types of work for construction flows synchronization has been determined. The practical significance of the study is to improve the process of exterior wall panels installation, provided that an integrated regulation model based on the Spider Project software package is used. The social significance of the study is to make the reduction of the construction time and saving resources possible. The originality of the study is that the combining of different work types during the installation of exterior wall panels of a large-panel residential building has been justified. The need for creation of regional regulations for the construction time has been proved.
Development of water saving technology for water supply system of industrial enterprises
Authors: Lavirko Juriy , Akhmetov Eduard , Akhmetova Rimma , Bikeeva Natalia
Published: June 2021

The object of the study is the water supply and sanitation system of an industrial enterprise. Currently, many enterprises do not use the treated industrial waste water in the water supply cycle. Therefore, the use of treated wastewater is of practical importance. The scheme of thermal treatment of waste water for obtaining pure condensate by evaporation is proposed. The main results of the study are the technical solution for the development of the enterprise's wastewater treatment complex. Pure condensate is obtained in an instant boiling evaporator. The research method is based on the calculation of energy costs in wastewater treatment for different types of waste water. The results of the study allow us to determine the optimal set of energy equipment for obtaining pure condensate and its further use. The specific practical significance lies in the development of a technical solution that helps the treatment of wastewater and the reduction of emissions into the water basin.
A study of flow characteristics in a low-pressure ejector installation
Authors: Varsegova Evgenia , Osipova Lilia , Bugembe Daniel
Published: June 2021

Production processes sometimes are accompanied by the release of hazardous substances, the composition and volume of which is determined by the production technology. When designing ventilation systems for paint departments, special attention is paid to safety concerns, since all paint coatings are corrosive and flammable substances. Besides, solvent vapors are explosive. For local ventilation of painting chambers, it is rational to use safe exhaust systems with an ejector, which works sturdily, regardless of the release of flammable and explosive impurities. The ejector is simple in design and can operate in a wide range of changes in the parameters of the state of airflow. The model of the ejection unit is synthesized using the universal modeling package ChemCad, which contains a highly developed database of airflow parameters, which allows for solving various applied problems. Numerical modeling was carried out using the software package - FLUENT. In work, a calculation was carried out and a low-pressure ejector was designed for a typical painting booth. The calculation results are presented in the form of graphs and tables of pressures, velocities, flow rates in characteristic sections, pressure losses in the sections of the ejector installation.The ejection coefficient was also calculated.
Air purification from process emissions from electroplating baths
Authors: Lifanteva Anna , Yusupova Alsu , Medvedeva Galina
Published: June 2021

Electroplating technology is an important technological process at production facilities of various profiles. The electroplating baths are a source of hazardous emissions of toxic vapors and aerosols. In factories with electroplating sites, the crucial task is to eliminate hazardous emissions by applying an effective exhaust ventilation and air purification system for subsequent air discharge into the atmosphere. In this article two basic schemes for cleaning process emissions from electroplating baths were developed: a scheme with purification in scrubbers; a scheme with purification in scrubbers with pre-filtration. The advantages and disadvantages of each scheme were considered. Based on the amount of hazardous emissions and their dispersed composition, the purification efficiency of each scheme was calculated using the probabilistic method. In view of the calculations, a scheme for cleaning process emissions from the electroplating line with the highest purification efficiency has been identified.
Selection of model for the numerical study of the convective jet problem
Authors: Kareeva Juliya , Gabdrafikov Rustam , Chukhlova Maria
Published: June 2021

The heat released by local exhaust ventilation is one of the most common hazards emitted during various industrial processes in industrial buildings. This work solves problems in order to find the numerical solution model that most adequately describes the development of a free convective jet above a flat heat source and a convective jet near the side hood located above the heat source. Various turbulence models and options of wall functions are considered for application in the study of a free convective jet. The data showed that the closest to theoretical results are those obtained when using the standard k-e model together with standard wall functions.
Problems of the of health-saving environment at the engineering university
Authors: Mugattarova Elvira , Bolotnikov Anatoly , Imangulov Rais , Kalmanovich Vladimir , Khairullin Rafael
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the issues of health-saving of students at Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering. It identifies problems and possible ways to solve them in the health-saving environment of the university. To obtain information, a SWOT analysis of the organization of this environment was conducted, the degree of prevention, maintenance and preservation of students’ health at the technical university in the process of training future specialists in full-time training, as well as distance learning in the context of a pandemic was determined. «Problem Solving and Decision-Making» (PSDM) method was used, in the process of which possible solutions to the problems of the development of chronic fatigue and emotional burnout syndromes in architecture students in the course of full-time training and deterioration of the health of university students in the course of distance learning were identified. The method of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics was applied – testing in an online format, as a result of which the problems of health saving in the process of distance learning were identified. Methods of solving these problems were found (universal exercises were used in the conditions of limited home space).
Technological complex as a factor for increasing the efficiency of professional training of future specialists in the construction
Authors: Vildanov Ilfak , Safin Rais
Published: June 2021

The construction industry plays a leading role in the Russian economy. Its innovative development is defined by highly qualified personnel, trained at educational institutions. The process of training such specialists requires integration of systemic, context-oriented, competence-oriented, personal and environmental educational approaches. The integration should act as a leading principle while designing all the components of the education process at technical universities. Within the context of the requirement defined by the Federal Educational Standards, we argue that the most promising solution should be the development of the technological complex, including its basic element i.e. the scientific and educational cluster aimed at every curriculum. This center must be equipped with up-to-date machinery that allows carrying out researches. The main goal of the research is to design the technological complex, allowing ensuring the professional and personal development of future graduates. The main result of the research lies in developing new basics aimed at creating and using the technological complex to train civil engineering students. The results can be used at technical universities while designing and creating scientific and educational centers.
Patriotic education as part of history classes for students of engineering universities
Authors: Nikonova Svetlana , Bureyeva Elena
Published: June 2021

Patriotic education is an important and integral part of the learning process for students. This paper proposes patriotic education technologies tested at the Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering when teaching history as part of the Fakel project (Torchlight). In this project, students record the accounts of the Great Patriotic War veterans, study family archives and Internet-based databases to collect and summarize the details of the war events. This technology helps better engage students in studying and writing historical reports to cover the events of personal importance from their family history. This improves understanding of history and historical research skills; it instills love and respect for the country and for the people, while the participants also become civic-minded as a result. The Project has involved more than a thousand students over ten years, which is a sign of success and students’ great interest in it.
Information models of structures and modeling in construction
Authors: Sokolnikov Vladimir , Osipenkova Irina , Stupakova Olga , Motylev Roman , Nurgalina Roza
Published: June 2021

The study of the basics of modeling of technical processes and objects forms the scientific basis for substantiating theoretical conclusions and postulates, classifying and developing the structures of theoretical models and justifying practical methods of preparation and implementation of (construction) production, which, in turn, influence the adoption of legal and regulatory innovations and statements. The article analyzes the types of modeling and models, scientific, technical, legal and regulatory contexts of the use of the concepts of «information modeling» in construction, and compares them with classical methods and tasks of modeling technical systems in solving scientific and engineering problems. The classification of scientific methods of modeling and models of technical objects and systems in construction is carried out. Examples of analytical models from the point of view of their classification and purpose are considered. It is shown that in the absence of clear scientific definitions of the concepts of «information», «model» and «modeling», given in terms of the actual field of knowledge, or application, the concept of «information model» comes into conflict with scientific and engineering ideas about the properties and purpose of the model. An approach is proposed to avoid the misuse of the concepts of «model» and « modeling».
Scientific and educational cluster as a center of public and private management of construction trades
Authors: Safin Rais , Vildanov Ilfak , Abitov Runar , Barieva Aelina
Published: June 2021

The author's definition of applied qualifications is given. It is aimed at the formation of applied qualifications based on resource centers of secondary vocational education institutions that are part of the construction research and education cluster. The principles of organizational and pedagogical conditions of the relations of the resource center with enterprises within the context of public and private administration are identified. The results of the survey among students on the issue of whether they want to learn applied qualifications are given. The organizational and pedagogical conditions of the innovative development of the educational cluster are formulated.
Challenges of an innovative economy in the context of the growing competitiveness of the information services sector
Authors: Serdarova Maya , Galeeva Irina , Egorov Danila , Burkeev Danil , Zheleznov-Lipets Andrey
Published: June 2021

In the century of the global information society and innovation economy, the introduction of modern computer and telecommunication technologies in almost all spheres of human life and activities, has led to the formation of a single space using information services. In the context of information development in an innovative economy, information is becoming an increasingly important and integral part of every competitive company. In innovation economics, this component is becoming the subject of the rapid development of communications, telecommunications, computer and information technologies. By increasing information and intellectual abilities in various market spheres of economic activity of companies, an innovative economy increases its competitive advantages and, consequently, its competitive potential, since its elementary composition receives multilateral economic, personnel, organizational and information support. Information services are considered one of the most promising areas of an innovative economy and their further development is based not only on the timely creation, but also on the implementation of innovations.
Universities driving cooperation and circular change
Authors: Sultanova Dilbar , Bagaveeva Alina
Published: June 2021

The article explores the potential for the development of cooperative processes in Russia, including under the influence of the circular economy. The analysis of the most relevant scientific schools and approaches that reveal the circular economy model is carried out. The article revealed the actual mechanisms of cooperation between business, science and education in Russia. Based on the data of the survey of enterprises of the Kama innovative territorial-production cluster, the high potential of scientific and educational organizations for involving enterprises in the process of cooperation was determined. The topic of circular economics is proposed as a basis for cooperation between universities and enterprises.
The equation of the oscillatory motion of the blade of the earth-moving machine depending on the properties of the ground and the parameters of the blade
Authors: Zemdikhanov Minsur , Sakhapov Rustem , Gainutdinov Ramil
Published: June 2021

The influence of the design parameters and technological properties of the ground on the nature of the oscillatory movement of the blade of the working body of the earth-moving machine is investigated.

The purpose of the study is to identify the force factors of the interaction of the oscillatory working body of the earth-moving machine with the ground and determine its optimal parameters.

The equation of the oscillatory motion of the blade of the working body of the earthmoving machine depending on its design parameters and technological properties of the ground is obtained.

The results can be used in the development and determination of the optimal design parameters of the working bodies of earth-moving machines.
Some approaches to translation of professional terms abbreviation in materials science
Authors: Sigacheva Natalya , Makayev Khanif , Makayeva Guzal , Gainanova Diliara
Published: June 2021

The dynamic growth of international collaboration in the scientific and professional spheres leads to a wave-like increase in the volume of translations of professional and scientific texts and determines the relevance of the problem under study. Translators have problems translating abbreviations of professional terms. This paper analyzes the ways of translating English abbreviations in the field of materials science. As research methods, we used, among other things, the analysis of methods of translating English abbreviations into Russian, the study of articles in the field of materials science, the collection of data on abbreviations of professional terms and the comparison of the ways of translation of abbreviations of professional terms in the texts of materials science. The article reveals the features of the ways of translating abbreviations of professional terms in materials science texts. The main results of the research work are the identification of problems of translation of English abbreviations that the translator faces in the field of materials science, and the determination of the use frequency of one or another translation method. The materials of the article can be useful for researchers in this field, physics students and translators of scientific and technical texts.
First record of the invasive mosquito species Aedes koreicus (Diptera, Culicidae) in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Andreeva Yulia V. , Khrabrova Natalia V. , Alekseeva Svetlana S. , Abylkassymova Gulnar M. , Simakova Anastasia V. , Sibataev Anuarbek K.
Published: June 2021

The natural distribution range of Aedes koreicus is Korea, China, Japan, and the Russian Far East. Since 2008, this species has been recorded as an invasive species in some European countries (Belgium, European Russia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland). The invasive mosquito species Ae. koreicus is reported from the Republic of Kazakhstan for the first time. Its morphological identification was confirmed by molecular-genetic analyses of ND4 sequences using specific primers. Aedes koreicus larvae were found in an artificial water reservoir together with the larvae of Culiseta longiareolata and Culex pipiens s.l. Aedes koreicus successfully overwintered in Almaty at low winter temperatures in 2018–2019. This suggests that the Ae. koreicus acclimation capacity is greater than it has been considered until now. We assume that Ae. koreicus will spread over the west and south of the Republic of Kazakhstan and territories of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan Republics bordering the Almaty region.
Was wissen Sie über … Mangel und Überschuss?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: June 2021

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Wissensquiz-Fragen mit Mangel und Überschuss.
Hilfe für Haare
Authors: Gude Annette
Published: June 2021

Für Haarausfall kann es aus westlicher medizinischer Sicht verschiedene Ursachen geben, zum Beispiel chronische Erkrankungen, erbliche Faktoren oder Medikamente. Die drei häufigsten Formen von Haarausfall sind androgenetischer Haarausfall, diffuser Haarausfall und kreisrunder Haarausfall. Aus Sicht der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (TCM) ist bei Haarausfall insbesondere eine Yin- und Blutstärkung zentral.
Supplementieren – aber richtig
Authors: Feldhaus Simon
Published: June 2021

Oft ist auch bei ausgewogener Ernährung keine ausreichende Zufuhr aller wichtigen Mikronährstoffe möglich, wobei einige Bevölkerungsgruppen besonders gefährdet für Mängel sind. Sinnvoll ist, die Blutkonzentration von Mikronährstoffen vor Beginn einer Supplementierung zu ermitteln und diese regelmäßig im Behandlungsverlauf zu kontrollieren. Besonders häufig müssen Vitamin D, Omega-3-Fettsäuren, Folsäure, Magnesium, Eisen, Zink und Vitamin B12 in unseren Breitengraden supplementiert werden, um verschiedene Folgen von Mangelzuständen zu vermeiden.
Establishment of an In Vitro Co-Culture Model of the Piglet Gut to Study Inflammatory Response and Barrier Integrity
Authors: Schott Theresa , Reisinger Nicole , Teichmann Klaus , König Jürgen , Ladinig Andrea , Mayer Elisabeth
Published: June 2021

In intensive farming, piglets are exposed to various challenges that activate intestinal inflammatory processes, negatively affecting animal health and leading to economic losses. To study the role of the inflammatory response on epithelial barrier integrity, co-culture systems that mimic in vivo complexity are more and more preferred over cell monocultures. In this study, an in vitro gut co-culture model consisting of intestinal porcine epithelial cells and porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells was established. The model provides an appropriate tool to study the role of the inflammatory response on epithelial barrier integrity and to screen for feed and food components, exerting beneficial effects on gut health. In the established model, inflammation-like reactions and damage of the epithelial barrier, indicated by a decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance, were elicited by activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells via one of 3
stimuli: lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, or concanavalin A. Two phytogenic substances that are commonly used as feed additives, licorice extract and oregano oil, have been shown to counteract the drop in transepithelial electrical resistance values in the gut co-culture model. The established co-culture model provides a powerful in vitro tool to study the role of intestinal inflammation on epithelial barrier integrity. As it consists of porcine epithelial and porcine blood cells it perfectly mimics in vivo conditions and imitates the inter-organ communication of the piglet gut. The developed model is useful to screen for nutritional components or drugs, having the potential to balance intestinal inflammation and strengthen the epithelial barrier integrity in piglets.
Biocompatibility Evaluation of Human and Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix on Human Primary Gingival Fibroblasts: In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Azab Ehab , Youssef Abdel-Rahman
Published: June 2021

Objective Allogeneic and xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts have been used to treat periodontal soft tissue defects. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of human ADM (AlloDerm) and porcine ADM (Derma) on human primary gingival fibroblasts in vitro regarding the biocompatibility test.

Materials and Methods Gingival fibroblasts were obtained from healthy adult gingiva and seeded on AlloDerm or Derma ADM in 96-well plate. The control cells were grown on a surface-treated polystyrene cell-culture plate without matrix. The cells were cultured for 3, 7, and 14 days. The fibroblasts morphology was examined using inverted microscopy, and the cell viability of fibroblasts adherent to the dermal matrix was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay after 3, 7, and 14 days in culture. The data were statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. p-Value of 0.05 was considered significant.

Results Gingival fibroblasts adjacent to the AlloDerm and Derma matrices were healthy, attached to the well, and did not exhibit any cytopathic changes similar to control. There were no statistically significant differences in the cell viability between the gingival fibroblasts attached to Derma and AlloDerm on day 3 (p = 0.841), day 7 (p = 0.198), and day 14 (p = 0.788).

Conclusion Considering this in vitro study’s limitations, both human and porcine ADM were compatible with the surrounding human primary gingival fibroblasts. No significant differences were observed in the cell viability between the gingival fibroblasts that were attached to Derma and AlloDerm.
Carbonyl-to-Alkyne Electron Donation Effects in up to 10-nm-Long, Unimolecular Oligo(p-phenylene ethynylenes)
Authors: Rajappan Sinu C. , Vestrheim Olav , Sharafi Mona , Li Jianing , Schneebeli Severin T.
Published: June 2021

We synthesized some of the longest unimolecular oligo(p-phenylene ethynylenes) (OPEs), which are fully substituted with electron-withdrawing ester groups. An iterative convergent/divergent (a.k.a. iterative exponential growth – IEG) strategy based on Sonogashira couplings was utilized to access these sequence-defined macromolecules with up to 16 repeating units and 32 ester substituents. The carbonyl groups of the ester substituents interact with the triple bonds of the OPEs, leading to (i) unusual, angled triple bonds with increased rotational barrier, (ii) enhanced conformational disorder, and (iii) associated broadening of the UV/Vis absorption spectrum. Our results demonstrate that fully air-stable, unimolecular OPEs with ester groups can readily be accessed with IEG chemistry, providing new macromolecular backbones with unique geometrical, conformational, and photophysical properties.
Supramolecular Thiophene-Based Materials: A Few Examples of the Interplay between Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties and Applications
Authors: Di Maria Francesca , Zangoli Mattia , Barbarella Giovanna
Published: June 2021

Supramolecular nanostructured thiophene based materials with optoelectronic functions are of wide current interest and are playing a crucial role in different fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology. This short review gives a concise report of some particularly interesting examples from our own work concerning thiophene-based supramolecular architectures at multiple length scales, their function and application in devices. We start with some general considerations on the great chemical diversity of thiophene derivatives and their supramolecular architectures. Then we focus on how the supramolecular organization of specific thiophene derivatives may generate nanostructures that enable new functions and applications in devices. For each example, we report the synthesis of the corresponding thiophene derivatives.

1. Introduction

2. Supramolecular Organization may Impart New Functions to the System

3. Supramolecular and Optoelectronic Properties of Oligothiophene-S,S-dioxides

4. Colloidal Nanoparticles formed by Self-Assembly of Thiophene-Based Polymers

5. Conclusions and Outlook
Metallosis in Sequelae of Prosthetic Revision for Ceramic Components Fracture: A Case Report with Clinical Presentation Mimicking Periprosthetic Hip Infection
Authors: Artiaco Stefano , Fusini Federico , Zoccola Kristijan , Massè Alessandro , Colzani Giulia
Published: June 2021

Ceramic on ceramic total hip arthroplasties have been developed and widely used during last decades because of their long-term survival and biomechanical properties. One of the most dangerous complication of these implants is the fracture of the ceramic components. The management of this condition should be carefully planned and the choice of the new implant is crucial. We describe a rare case of severe hip synovitis due to massive metallosis in sequelae of mismanaged prosthetic revision for fracture of the ceramic acetabular liner with an unusual clinical presentation that simulate a periprosthetic infection.
Prospective Comparative Study of Preoperative Expectations and Postoperative Outcomes in Anatomic and Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Lawrence Cassandra , Lazarus Mark , Abboud Joseph , Williams Gerald , Namdari Surena
Published: June 2021

Background Compared with anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is associated with lower preoperative and postoperative outcome scores and range of motion. It is unknown whether patients' preoperative expectations of surgery are lower in RTSA compared with aTSA. The purpose of this study was to assess preoperative patient expectations and postoperative outcomes in aTSA and RTSA.

Methods A consecutive series of patients undergoing primary aTSA for diagnosis of osteoarthritis or primary RTSA for diagnosis of rotator cuff tear arthropathy were studied prospectively. Expectations were evaluated using the validated Hospital for Special Surgery's Shoulder Surgery Expectations Survey. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, and social factors were collected. Baseline and 2 years postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analog scale pain, Single Assessment Number Evaluation (SANE), and patient satisfaction were obtained.

Results There were 128 patients (64 aTSA and 64 RTSA). There was no significant difference in total preoperative expectations score between groups. On multivariate linear regression analysis, aTSA (p = 0.024) and younger age (p = 0.018) were associated with higher expectations for improved ability to exercise. Changes in preoperative to postoperative ASES (p = 0.004) and SANE (p = 0.001) scores were higher in the aTSA group. Total preoperative expectations score was not correlated with postoperative functional outcomes or satisfaction in either group. In the aTSA group, expectations for participation in exercise were positively correlated with changes in preoperative to postoperative ASES score (p = 0.01) and SANE score (p = 0.01).

Conclusion Though patients undergoing primary aTSA demonstrated greater improvement in functional outcome than those undergoing primary RTSA, both groups reported similar aggregate preoperative expectations. Those undergoing aTSA had higher expectations for return to exercise which was positively correlated with postoperative functional outcomes.

Level of Evidence Level II, prospective cohort study.