bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security forecasts of terrorist attack
Authors: Blahova Marta
Published: September 2019

This article deals with security developments in terrorism. In the introductory part, the article deals with the history and current situation of terrorism. Furthermore, the national ones are analyzed and International Security Strategy Papers on Counter-Terrorism. In the next part of this article, long-term safety forecasts from the Czech Republic are analyzed and foreign authors with a focus on terrorism. The main outcome of the article is a proposal for an alternative scenario of possible security developments in the area of terrorism within the European Union.
Spaces of polynomial and nonpolynomial spline-wavelets
Authors: Dem’yanovich Yu. K. , Burova I. G. , Evdokimovas T. O. , Lebedeva A. V.
Published: September 2019

This paper, discusses spaces of polynomial and nonpolynomial splines suitable for solving the Hermite interpolation problem (with first-order derivatives) and for constructing a wavelet decomposition. Such splines we call Hermitian type splines of the first level. The basis of these splines is obtained from the approximation relations under the condition connected with the minimum of multiplicity of covering every point of (α, β) (almost everywhere) with the support of the basis splines. Thus these splines belong to the class of minimal splines. Here we consider the processing of flows that include a stream of values of the derivative of an approximated function which is very important for good approximation. Also we construct a splash decomposition of the Hermitian type splines on a non-uniform grid.
Management of Postoperative Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Chauhan Rajeev , Bloria Summit Dev , Luthra Ankur
Published: September 2019

The patient profile undergoing neurosurgery varies from neonates to elderly, and from patients undergoing elective surgery to patients undergoing emergency surgeries. The goals of postoperative management include prevention of secondary brain injury and taking care of the major organ systems till the time patient recovers from the primary insult. Postsurgery, patients may be shifted to a neurosurgical intensive care unit or managed in a neurosurgical ward. As a general rule, all patients should be nursed 30-degree head up. We will be discussing the basic principles of postoperative management of neurosurgical patients.
The inventory structure of Person in the Chinese dialect of Puxian
Authors: Wu Jianming
Published: September 2019

One way to classify person systems across languages is by means of the semantic category of person and/or number, where person forms, with distinct referential values, are supposed to be in complementary distribution to each other. However, when we look into some finer details in a language-particular person system, i.e. that of the Puxian dialect in Chinese, there are person forms or expressions that are engaged in supplementary distribution and have meanings beyond what is literally said (Grice 1989). Different from previous approaches, which tended to analyze a person system into separate domains of study, e.g. reflexivity, intensification, logophoricity, empathy, etc., the author proposes that all the person-related meanings (semantics & pragmatics) constitute a “function inventory”, which has a stable structure called “inventory structure”. In the structure, each of the overtly expressed person meanings is assigned to a choice of node, from which multiple outcomes can be developed. The significance of this approach is that it tries to circumvent some pre-established categories and focuses instead on meaningful differences in a system (Sausurre 1983).
Nuclear Astrophysics deep underground and the LUNA experiment
Authors: Depalo Rosanna
Published: September 2019

The cross sections of nuclear reactions relevant for astrophysics are crucial ingredients to understand the energy generation inside stars and the synthesis of the elements. In stars, nuclear reactions take place at energies well below the Coulomb barrier. As a result, their cross sections are often too small to be measured in laboratories on the Earth’s surface, where the signal would be overwhelmed by the cosmic-ray induced background. An effective way to suppress the cosmic-ray induced background is to perform experiments in underground laboratories. LUNA is a unique facility located at Gran Sasso National Laboratories (Italy) and devoted to Nuclear Astrophysics. The extremely low background achieved at LUNA allows to measure nuclear cross sections directly at the energies of astrophysical interest. Over the years, many crucial reactions involved in stellar hydrogen burning as well as Big Bang Nucleosynthesis have been measured at LUNA. This paper provides a short overview on underground Nuclear Astrophysics and discusses the latest results and future perspectives of the LUNA experiment.
Theoretical approaches to the 3α break-up of 12C
Authors: Smith Robin , Bishop Jack , Wheldon Carl , Kokalova Tzany
Published: September 2019

Two recent experiments have indicated that the break-up of the 12C Hoyle state is dominated by the sequential 8Be(g.s.) + α decay channel. The rare direct 3α decay was found to contribute with a branching ratio of less than 0.047% (95% C.L.). However, the ability of experimentalists to successfully disentangle these two competing decay channels relies on accurate theoretical predictions of how they each manifest in phase space distribution of the three break-up α-particles. The following paper reviews the current theoretical approaches to calculating the break-up of the Hoyle state and introduces a semi-classical WKB approach, which adequately reproduces the results of more sophisticated calculations. It is proposed that a more accurate upper limit on this branching ratio may be obtained if these new theoretical results are taken into account when analysing experimental data.
Complement factor B/C2 in molluscs regulates agglutination and illuminates evolution of the Bf/C2 family
Authors: Peng Maoxiao , Li Zhi , Niu Donghong , Liu Xiaojun , Dong Zhiguo , Li Jiale
Published: September 2019

Complement factor B/C2 family (Bf/C2F) proteins are core complement system components in vertebrates that are absent in invertebrates and have been lost by numerous species, raising evolutionary questions. At least 3 duplication events have occurred from Cnidaria (ancestor) to mammals. Type II Bf/C2 genes appeared during separation of Proterostomia and Deuterostomes. The second event occurred during separation of vertebrates and invertebrates, yielding type II‐2 Bf/C2. The third event occurred when jawed and jawless fish were separated, eventually producing Bf and C2 genes. Herein, we report the second mollusc Sinonovacula constricta Bf/C2‐type gene (ScBf). ScBf is similar to Ruditapes decussatus Bf‐like because both lack the first complement control protein module at the N terminus present in mammalian Bf/C2 proteins. Uniquely, the Ser protease (SP) module at the C terminus of ScBf is ~50 aa longer than in other complement factor B/C2‐type (Bf/C2T) proteins, and is Glu‐rich. Bf/C2T proteins in molluscs lack the catalytic Ser in the SP module. Surprisingly, ScBf regulates rabbit erythrocyte agglutination, during which it is localized on the erythrocyte surface. Thus, ScBf may mediate the agglutination cascade and may be an upstream regulator of this process. Our findings provide new insight into the origin of the Bf/C2F.—Peng, M., Li, Z., Niu, D., Liu, X., Dong, Z., Li, J. Complement factor B/C2 in molluscs regulates agglutination and illuminates evolution of the Bf/C2 family. FASEB J. 33, 13323–13333 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Foot shock stress generates persistent widespread hypersensitivity and anhedonic behavior in an anxiety-prone strain of mice
Authors: Wu Pau Yen , Yang Xiaofang , Wright Douglas E. , Christianson Julie A.
Published: September 2019

A significant subset of patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome suffer from widespread, as well as pelvic, pain and experience mood-related disorders, including anxiety, depression, and panic disorder. Stress is a commonly reported trigger for symptom onset and exacerbation within these patients. The link between stress and pain is believed to arise, in part, from the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which regulates the response to stress and can influence the perception of pain. Previous studies have shown that stress exposure in anxiety-prone rats can induce both pelvic and widespread hypersensitivity. Here, we exposed female A/J mice, an anxiety-prone inbred murine strain, to 10 days of foot shock stress to determine stress-induced effects on sensitivity, anhedonia, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis regulation and output. At 1 and 28 days after foot shock, A/J mice displayed significantly increased bladder sensitivity and hind paw mechanical allodynia. They also displayed anhedonic behavior, measured as reduced nest building scores and a decrease in sucrose preference during the 10-day foot shock exposure. Serum corticosterone was significantly increased at 1 day after foot shock, and bladder mast cell degranulation rates were similarly high in both sham- and shock-exposed mice. Bladder cytokine and growth factor mRNA levels indicated a persistent shift toward a proinflammatory environment after foot shock exposure. Together, these data suggest that chronic stress exposure in an anxiety-prone mouse strain may provide a useful translational model for understanding mechanisms that contribute to widespreadness of pain and increased comorbidity in a subset of patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 associated with a cluster of haemolytic uraemic syndrome cases in South Africa, 2017
Authors: Smith Anthony M. , Tau Nomsa P. , Kalule Bosco J. , Nicol Mark P. , McCulloch Mignon , Jacobs Charlene A. , McCarthy Kerrigan M. , Ismail Arshad , Allam Mushal , Kleynhans Jackie
Published: September 2019

Introduction
. Shiga toxin-producing

Escherichia coli

(STEC) are foodborne pathogens that may cause diarrhoeal outbreaks and occasionally are associated with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS). We report on STEC O26:H11 associated with a cluster of four HUS cases in South Africa in 2017.

Methodology
. All case-patients were female and aged 5 years and under. Standard microbiological tests were performed for culture and identification of STEC from specimens (human stool and food samples). Further analysis of genomic DNA extracted from bacterial cultures and specimens included PCR for specific virulence genes, whole-genome sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Results. For 2/4 cases, stool specimens revealed STEC O26:H11 containing eae, stx2a and stx2b virulence genes. All food samples were found to be negative for STEC. No epidemiological links could be established between the HUS cases. Dried meat products were the leading food item suspected to be the vehicle of transmission for these cases, as 3/4 case-patients reported they had eaten this. However, testing of dried meat products could not confirm this.

Conclusion. Since STEC infection does not always lead to severe symptoms, it is possible that many more cases were associated with this cluster and largely went unrecognized.
Substrate recognition by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa EF-Tu methyltransferase EftM
Authors: Kuiper Emily G. , Dey Debayan , LaMore Paige A. , Owings Joshua P. , Prezioso Samantha M. , Goldberg Joanna B. , Conn Graeme L.
Published: September 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and a leading cause of serious infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis, compromised immune systems, and severe burns. During infection, P. aeruginosa adhesion to host epithelial cells is enhanced by surface exposed translation elongation factor EF-Tu carrying a Lys5 trimethylation. This modification is incorporated by the S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase EftM. Thus, EF-Tu modification by EftM may represent a novel target to restrict the establishment of P. aeruginosa infections in vulnerable individuals. Here, we extend our understanding of EftM action by defining the molecular mechanism of EF-Tu substrate recognition by this enzyme. First, following the observation that EftM can bind to EF-Tu lacking an N-terminal peptide (encompassing the Lys5 target site), an EftM homology model was generated and used in protein-protein docking studies to predict EftM:EF-Tu interactions. The predicted protein-protein interface was then experimentally validated using site-directed mutagenesis of residues in both proteins coupled with binding and methyltransferase activity assays. We also show that EftM is unable to methylate the isolated N-terminal EF-Tu peptide and that binding-induced conformational changes in EftM are likely needed to allow placement of the first 5-6 amino acids of EF-Tu into the conserved peptide binding channel. In this channel, a group of residues that are highly conserved in EftM family proteins position the N-terminal sequence to facilitate modification of Lys5. Our findings provide detailed insights into substrate recognition by this lysine methyltransferase, paving the way for a deeper understanding of EftM’s mechanism of action on EF-Tu.
Animals exhibit personality traits in their movement: a case study on location trajectories of primates
Authors: Morita Takashi , Toyoda Aru , Aisu Seitaro , Kaneko Akihisa , Suda-Hashimoto Naoko , Matsuda Ikki , Koda Hiroki
Published: September 2019

Researching individual recognition (IR) is essential to understand the life history and adaptive behavior of social animals. Investigation of personality traits may also provide insights into how social animals distinguish between different individuals. This study investigates IR behavior in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), focusing on one specific trait, which is movement. Using a recently developed tracking system based on Bluetooth® Low Energy beacons, we collected three-dimensional (3D) location data from five Japanese macaques living in a group cage. A non-parametric, neural network-based analysis of the data revealed the existence of personality traits in extremely limited aspects of the movement data (2-min trajectory of 3D location). Our results support the validity of multimodal approaches in studying IR, beyond the typical single-frame face recognition method, both for researchers and animal agents.
The lipid kinase PI3Kα is required for the cohesion and survival of cancer cells disseminated in serous cavities
Authors: Thibault B , Thole A , Basset C , Guillermet-Guibert J
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Breast, ovarian, digestive and lung adenocarcinomas are often associated with the accumulation of malignant cells in serous cavities. As PI3K is one of the most mutated pathways in cancer, we investigated the importance of oncogenic PI3Kα in this process. We analyzed tumor cell organization in ascites from carcinomas at diagnosis. In some malignant ascites, tumor cells grew as adhesive coherent masses. Ex-vivo patient-derived cell cultures with the addition of mesenchymal stem cells, as a model of tumoral stroma, favored the compaction of tumorospheres. Ascites-derived ovarian cancer cell lines frequently harbored PIK3CA mutations coexisting with other mutations. PI3Kα promoted the formation and maintenance of multicellular adhesive PIK3CA-mutant spheroids, promoting cell survival. Cultures in 3D conditions as opposed to cultures in cell monolayers increased chemotherapy resistance, which was overcome by PI3Kα inhibition. We identified a signaling pathway of interest for the treatment of cancer cells disseminated in serous cavities, limiting cancer progression.

Graphical abstract

Schematic representation of PI3Kα involvement in tumor cell aggregates from ascites. 1) Known involvement of PI3Kα in primary ovarian tumors. 2) PI3Kα participates in tumorosphere formation within the peritoneum (treatment with PI3Kα inhibitors causes a delay in the formation of clusters). 3) PI3Kα participates in the maintenance of tumorospheres and in resistance to conventional treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis. PI3Kα is a target to prevent transcoelomic dissemination and maintenance of tumorospheres in patients with ovarian cancer.
Structure of HIV-2 Nef reveals unique features distinct from HIV-1 involved in immune regulation
Authors: Hirao Kengo , Andrews Sophie , Kuroki Kimiko , Kusaka Hiroki , Tadokoro Takashi , Kita Shunsuke , Ose Toyoyuki , Rowland Jones Sarah L. , Maenaka Katsumi
Published: September 2019

The HIV accessory protein Nef plays a major role in establishing and maintaining infection, particularly through immune evasion. Many HIV-2 infected people experience long-term viral control and survival, resembling HIV-1 elite control. HIV-2 Nef has overlapping but also distinct functions from HIV-1 Nef. Here we report the crystal structure of HIV-2 Nef core. The dileucine sorting motif forms a helix bound to neighboring molecules, and moreover, isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that the CD3 endocytosis motif can directly bind to HIV-2 Nef, ensuring AP-2 mediated endocytosis for CD3. The highly-conserved C-terminal region forms a α-helix, absent from HIV-1. We further determined the structure of SIV Nef harboring this region, demonstrating similar C-terminal α-helix, which may contribute to AP-1 binding for MHC-I downregulation. These results provide new insights into the distinct pathogenesis of HIV-2 infection.
Collapsing fish stocks, gendered economies, and anxieties of entrapment in coastal Sierra Leone
Authors: Diggins Jennifer
Published: September 2019

This article explores the economic negotiations between Sierra Leonean fishermen and the women who compete to buy their fish, tracing how relationships of gendered intimacy and interdependence are being reconfigured in a context of deepening economic precarity. Fish stocks in Sierra Leone are in crisis. Fisherfolk look back with nostalgia to a past in which bountiful harvests had made it possible for transactions of fish to be simple and impersonal. Today, by contrast, it is almost impossible for women to access fish without working to develop strong personal relationships with fishermen: deploying gifts of food, loans of money, and even secret ‘medicines’ to secure the loyalty of potential customers. I analyse how men and women reflect on their growing impoverishment through discourses that emphasize their moral ambivalence at being drawn back into webs of interpersonal dependency, and argue that these anxieties need to be understood in the context of Sierra Leone's history of domestic slavery.
Two cases of early gastric and esophageal cancers treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection in three‐dimensional endoscopy
Authors: Yamamoto Yoichi , Shinmura Kensuke , Yano Tomonori
Published: September 2019

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Neuronal NLRC5 regulates MHC class I expression in Neuro‐2a cells and also during hippocampal development
Authors: Li Ping , Shen Yuqing , Cui Pengfei , Hu Yue , Zhang Ying , Miao Fengqin , Zhang Aifeng , Zhang Jianqiong
Published: September 2019

Major histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC I) molecules are ubiquitously expressed, being found in most nucleated cells, where they are central mediators of both the adaptive and innate immune responses. Recent studies have shown that MHC I are also expressed in the developing brain where they participate in synapse elimination and plasticity. Up‐regulation of MHC I within the developing brain has been reported, however, the mechanism(s) regulating this developmental up‐regulation of neuronal MHC I remains unknown. Here, we show NLR family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5), a newly identified member of the NLR family, is widely expressed in hippocampal neurons, and the expression pattern of NLRC5 coincides with increased MHC I mRNA in the developing hippocampus. Using a luciferase assay in Neuro‐2a cells we demonstrate that NLRC5 can induce the activation of MHC I and this induction requires the W/S‐X‐Y motif. Further studies show that transcription factors regulatory factor X (RFX) and CREB1, which bind to X1 and X2 box, are crucial for NLRC5‐mediated induction. Moreover immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that NLRC5 interacts with RFX subunits RFX5 and RFXANK. Knockout of Nlrc5 dramatically impairs basal expression of MHC I in mouse hippocampus. Taken together, our findings identify NLRC5 as a key regulator of MHC I up‐regulation in the developing hippocampus and suggest an important role for NLRC5 in neurons.

image

Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14729.
A Similarity-Based Semi-analytical Solution for Recovery Performance Assessment of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs With Interfacial-Tension-Dependent Capillary Pressure Effects
Authors: Zhang Miao , Ayala Luis F.
Published: September 2019

Nanometer-pore characteristic of unconventional reservoirs significantly enlarges the impact of the role that capillary pressure (pc) plays on the recovery mechanism. A growing number of research has been focused on understanding the high pc effect in tight and ultra-tight reservoir systems, but mainly numerical simulation models and experimental studies are investigated. This work proposes an alternate, semi-analytical solution that readily applies to the analysis of production performance of multi-fractured horizontal wells in unconventional formations, capturing the phase behavior and fluid property-alteration effects under significant pc influence found in these systems. Capillary pressure is considered as interfacial-tension (IFT)-dependent function that impacts fluid flow in the sense of phase behavior and fluid properties. To arrive at the solutions, the similarity method is applied to the governing system of multiphase partial differential equations, and the resulting system of ordinary differential equations is solved simultaneously for pressure and saturation via shooting method coupled with Runge–Kutta solver. The proposed solution is validated by matching against numerically simulated data generated by an in-house simulator. Both oil-dominate and gas-dominate examples are presented. We also apply the proposed method to examine the sensitivity of production performance to degree of undersaturation and critical saturations. Results show that the altered fluid property and phase behavior due to IFT-dependent pc have ineligible effects on recovery performance of multi-fractured horizontal wells, and specific effects on production rates and producing gas–oil ratio also tie closely to the mobility of each phase.
Prevalence and outcome of central airway obstruction in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Daneshvar Cyrus , Falconer William Euan , Ahmed Mohammed , Sibly Abdul , Hindle Madeleine , Nicholson Thomas W , Aldik Ghanem , Telisinghe Lilanganee A , Riordan Richard D , Marchbank Adrian , Breen David
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Central airway obstruction (CAO) is a life-threatening complication of lung cancer. The prevalence of CAO in lung cancer patients is unknown. We audited CAO burden to inform our local cancer service.

Methods

This is a cohort review of all new lung cancer diagnoses between 1 November 2014 and 30 November 2015. CAO was defined by CT appearance. CT scans and routine patient records were followed up to 30 November 2018 to determine the prevalence of CAO at diagnosis; the characteristics of patients with prevalent CAO; mortality (using survival analysis); and incident CAO over follow-up.

Results

Of 342 new lung cancer diagnoses, CAO prevalence was 13% (95% CI 10% to 17%; n=45/342). Dedicated CT scan review identified missed CAO in 14/45 (31%) cases. In patients with prevalent CAO, 27/44 (61%) had a performance status of ≤2, 23/45 (51%) were diagnosed during an acute admission and 36/44 (82%) reported symptoms. Treatments were offered to 32/45 (71%); therapeutic bronchoscopy was performed in only 8/31 (26%) eligible patients. Median survival of patients with prevalent CAO was 94 (IQR 33–274) days. Multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, gender and disease stage, found CAO on index CT scan was independently associated with an increased hazard of death (adjusted HR 1.78 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.48); p=0.001). In total, 15/297 (5%) developed CAO during follow-up (median onset 340 (IQR 114–551) days). Over the audit period, 60/342 (18%; 95% CI 14% to 22%) had or developed CAO.

Discussions

This is the first description of CAO prevalence in 40 years. Patients with prevalent CAO had a higher mortality. Our data provide a benchmark for service planning.
Double-beta decay of $$^{130}\hbox {Te}$$ to the first $$0^+$$ excited state of $$^{130}\hbox {Xe}$$ with CUORE-0
Authors: Alduino C. , Alfonso K. , Artusa D. R. , Avignone III F. T. , Azzolini O. , Banks T. I. , Bari G. , Beeman J. W. , Bellini F. , Bersani A. , Biassoni M. , Brofferio C. , Bucci C. , Camacho A. , Caminata A. , Canonica L. , Cao X. G. , Capelli S. , Cappelli L. , Carbone L. , Cardani L. , Carniti P. , Casali N. , Cassina L. , Chiesa D. , Chott N. , Clemenza M. , Copello S. , Cosmelli C. , Cremonesi O. , Creswick R. J. , Cushman J. S. , D’Addabbo A. , Dafinei I. , Davis C. J. , Dell’Oro S. , Deninno M. M. , Domizio S. Di , Vacri M. L. Di , Drobizhev A. , Fang D. Q. , Faverzani M. , Feintzeig J. , Fernandes G. , Ferri E. , Ferroni F. , Fiorini E. , Franceschi M. A. , Freedman S. J. , Fujikawa B. K. , Giachero A. , Gironi L. , Giuliani A. , Gladstone L. , Gorla P. , Gotti C. , Gutierrez T. D. , Haller E. E. , Han K. , Hansen E. , Heeger K. M. , Hennings-Yeomans R. , Hickerson K. P. , Huang H. Z. , Kadel R. , Keppel G. , Kolomensky Yu. G. , Leder A. , Ligi C. , Lim K. E. , Liu X. , Ma Y. G. , Maino M. , Marini L. , Martinez M. , Maruyama R. H. , Mei Y. , Moggi N. , Morganti S. , Mosteiro P. J. , Napolitano T. , Nones C. , Norman E. B. , Nucciotti A. , O’Donnell T. , Orio F. , Ouellet J. L. , Pagliarone C. E. , Pallavicini M. , Palmieri V. , Pattavina L. , Pavan M. , Pessina G. , Pettinacci V. , Piperno G. , Pira C. , Pirro S. , Pozzi S. , Previtali E. , Rosenfeld C. , Rusconi C. , Sangiorgio S. , Santone D. , Scielzo N. D. , Singh V. , Sisti M. , Smith A. R. , Taffarello L. , Tenconi M. , Terranova F. , Tomei C. , Trentalange S. , Vignati M. , Wagaarachchi S. L. , Wang B. S. , Wang H. W. , Wilson J. , Winslow L. A. , Wise T. , Woodcraft A. , Zanotti L. , Zhang G. Q. , Zhu B. X. , Zimmermann S. , Zucchelli S.
Published: September 2019

We report on a search for double beta decay of $$^{130}\hbox {Te}$$130Te to the first $$0^{+}$$0+ excited state of $$^{130}\hbox {Xe}$$130Xe using a $$9.8\,\hbox {kg}\cdot \hbox {yr}$$9.8kg·yr exposure of $$^{130}\hbox {Te}$$130Te collected with the CUORE-0 experiment. In this work we exploit different topologies of coincident events to search for both the neutrinoless and two-neutrino double beta decay modes. We find no evidence for either mode and place lower bounds on the half-lives: $$T^{0\nu }_{0^+_1}>7.9\cdot 10^{23}\hbox {yr}$$T01+0ν>7.9·1023yr and $$T^{2\nu }_{0^+_1}>2.4\cdot 10^{23}\hbox {yr}$$T01+2ν>2.4·1023yr ($$90\%\,\hbox {CL}$$90%CL). Combining our results with those obtained by the CUORICINO experiment, we achieve the most stringent constraints available for these processes: $$T^{0\nu }_{0^+_1}>1.4\cdot 10^{24}\hbox {yr}$$T01+0ν>1.4·1024yr and $$T^{2\nu }_{0^+_1}>2.5\cdot 10^{23}\hbox {yr}$$T01+2ν>2.5·1023yr ($$90\%\,\hbox {CL}$$90%CL).
Relationship Between a Vector Differential and the Corresponding Scalar Differential in Physics
Authors: Mungan Carl E.
Published: September 2019

In physics, a differential is an infinitesimal change in or amount of some quantity. For example, [Formula: see text] is a small change in linear momentum, and [Formula: see text] is a small amount of mass. Ratios of differentials become derivatives, while Riemann sums of differentials become integrals. Given some vector quantity X, what is the relationship between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] according to the standard conventions of introductory physics? Surprisingly, there are two distinct answers, depending on exactly what quantity X happens to be. The distinction is illustrated here with specific examples. After discussing this ambiguity in some detail, some recommendations to physics instructors and textbook authors are preferred. Although not everyone will agree with these conclusions and suggestions, this article provides a starting point for further deliberations.
Surgical Site Infections Complicating the Use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lam Susanna , Lau Ngee-Soon , Laurence Jerome Martin , Verran Deborah Jean
Published: September 2019

Surgical site infections (SSI) of the abdominal wall in renal transplant recipients can on occasion require management with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). This is often successful, with a low risk of further complications. However, we describe three cases in which persistent or recurrent surgical site sepsis occurred, whilst NPWT was being deployed in adults with either wound dehiscence or initial SSI. This type of complication in the setting of NPWT has not been previously described in renal transplant recipients. Our case series demonstrates that in immunosuppressed transplant recipients, there may be ineffective microbial or bacterial bioburden clearance associated with the NPWT, which can lead to further infections. Hence recognition for infections in renal transplant patients undergoing treatment with NPWT is vital; furthermore, aggressive management of sepsis control with early debridement, antimicrobial use, and reassessment of the use of wound dressing is necessary to reduce the morbidity associated with surgical site infections and NPWT.
Enzalutamide-Induced Feed-Forward Signaling Loop Promotes Therapy-Resistant Prostate Cancer Growth Providing an Exploitable Molecular Target for Jak2 Inhibitors
Authors: Udhane Vindhya , Maranto Cristina , Hoang David T. , Gu Lei , Erickson Andrew , Devi Savita , Talati Pooja G. , Banerjee Anjishnu , Iczkowski Kenneth A. , Jacobsohn Kenneth , See William A. , Mirtti Tuomas , Kilari Deepak , Nevalainen Marja T.
Published: September 2019

The second-generation antiandrogen, enzalutamide, is approved for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and targets androgen receptor (AR) activity in CRPC. Despite initial clinical activity, acquired resistance to enzalutamide arises rapidly and most patients develop terminal disease. Previous work has established Stat5 as a potent inducer of prostate cancer growth. Here, we investigated the significance of Jak2–Stat5 signaling in resistance of prostate cancer to enzalutamide. The levels of Jak2 and Stat5 mRNA, proteins and activation were evaluated in prostate cancer cells, xenograft tumors, and clinical prostate cancers before and after enzalutamide therapy. Jak2 and Stat5 were suppressed by genetic knockdown using lentiviral shRNA or pharmacologic inhibitors. Responsiveness of primary and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer to pharmacologic inhibitors of Jak2–Stat5 signaling was assessed in vivo in mice bearing prostate cancer xenograft tumors. Patient-derived prostate cancers were tested for responsiveness to Stat5 blockade as second-line treatment after enzalutamide ex vivo in tumor explant cultures. Enzalutamide-liganded AR induces sustained Jak2–Stat5 phosphorylation in prostate cancer leading to the formation of a positive feed-forward loop, where activated Stat5, in turn, induces Jak2 mRNA and protein levels contributing to further Jak2 activation. Mechanistically, enzalutamide-liganded AR induced Jak2 phosphorylation through a process involving Jak2-specific phosphatases. Stat5 promoted prostate cancer growth during enzalutamide treatment. Jak2–Stat5 inhibition induced death of prostate cancer cells and patient-derived prostate cancers surviving enzalutamide treatment and blocked enzalutamide-resistant tumor growth in mice. This work introduces a novel concept of a pivotal role of hyperactivated Jak2–Stat5 signaling in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer, which is readily targetable by Jak2 inhibitors in clinical development.
Infundibulicybe kotanensis sp. nov. (Tricholomataceae), a new species from Buner, Pakistan

Authors: ISHAQ MUHAMMAD , KHAN MUHAMMAD BINYAMIN , ULLAH SHARIAT , FIAZ MUHAMMAD , KHALID ABDUL NASIR
Published: September 2019

A new species of Infundibulicybe kotanensis from district Buner, Pakistan is described and illustrated. Phytogeographically this region is part of the floristically unique Sino-Japanese region. The cogent climate and diverse vegetation are favorable for the growth of different mushrooms. The new species is described based on morphological study and compared with closely related taxa in the genus. Phylogenetic placement using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) barcode region confirms the novelty of I. kotanensis.
Filling gaps in distribution of Japanese Paraneseuthia Franz: discovery of
a new species on Okinawa-jima (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, cydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: September 2019

Five currently known Japanese species of the eutheiine genus Paraneseuthia occur on Honshū, Shikoku, Kyūshū, and Ishigaki-jima of the Ryūkyū Archipelago. The southernmost Japanese species was separated from its geographically (and very likely phylogenetically) closest relatives that live on Kyūshū by over a thousand kilometers of the Pacific Ocean. Paraneseuthia zanetae sp. n., found on Okinawa-jima, the largest Ryukyuan island, is described, filling this wide distributional gap. The new species is yet another member of the informal P. paradoxa group, which comprises all Japanese members of this genus that share similar male protibial modifications and a complicated structure of the aedeagus; also two Russian Far Eastern species show close morphological affinities to those inhabiting the Japanese Archipelago.
Impact of Wooden Versus Nonwooden Interior Designs on Office Workers’ Cognitive Performance
Authors: Shen Jingyun , Zhang Xi , Lian Zhiwei
Published: September 2019

The biophilic hypothesis states that human beings have an innate connection to nature. Accordingly, previous studies have shown that natural interior design elements may influence the occupants’ cognitive performance. This study investigated the effect of wooden elements on the occupant preference and cognitive performance of 20 adults (10 females and 10 males). Participants reported increased attention and productivity in wooden rooms versus a nonwooden room and were more likely to choose one of several wooden rooms over a concrete room as their preferred work environment. Participants also performed better on neurobehavioral tests in the wooden versus nonwooden environment. Participants’ average completion times decreased on average by 16 seconds, 5 seconds, 6 seconds, 16 seconds, and 7 seconds, respectively, for tests of Visual Reaction, Continuous Operation, Stroop, Calculation, and Meaningless Picture Recognition tests in the wooden versus concrete environments. On all five tests, participants gave more correct answers in the three wooden settings than in the concrete one. These results support the biophilic hypothesis; incorporating wooden elements into interior design may improve both occupant satisfaction and cognitive performance.
Belonging in working-class neighbourhoods: dis-identification, territorialisation and biographies of people and place
Authors: Preece Jenny
Published: September 2019

This article draws on repeated, biographical interviews with 18 households to explore how people construct a sense of belonging in two post-industrial neighbourhoods in the ‘ordinary’ urban areas of Grimsby and Sheffield, UK. It argues that experiences of low-paid, precarious work undermine the historic role that employment has played in identity construction for many individuals, and that places perform a crucial function in anchoring people’s lives and identities. Three active processes in the generation of belonging are elaborated. Through identification, dis-identification and the micro-differentiation of space, people constructed places in order to belong with others ‘like them’. Residents also internalised the symbolic logics of places through their daily movement, territorialising space as they learned how to be in particular environments. Finally, places were temporally situated within relational biographies and experienced in relation to past and imagined futures. Places fulfilled an important psycho-social function, anchoring people’s identities and generating a sense that they belonged.
Evidence of an Ancient Archive? The Papyrus British Museum EA 9961
Authors: Vandenbeusch Marie
Published: September 2019

Used on both sides, the papyrus British Museum EA 9961 reproduces a marsh scene on the recto and a copy of the myth of Isis and her seven scorpions in cursive hieroglyphs on the verso. Although the high quality of the illustration is the most striking feature, the text has also been carefully laid out and written. This research seeks to investigate how, when and why this document, whose provenance and context are unknown, was composed. A detailed inspection of its surface using infrared photography helped to reveal many marks otherwise invisible and to retrace part of the history and deterioration of the roll. While the context of production will also be considered, we will examine if text and imagery were produced as models for the production of monuments or were secondary copies of older documents.
Exploring the Odds: Gender Differences in Departing the Engineering Profession
Authors: Fouad Nadya A. , Kozlowski Michael B. , Singh Romila , Linneman Nina G. , Schams Samantha S. , Weber Kristin N.
Published: September 2019

Women’s departure or nonentrance into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professions, particularly engineering, has been a lively source of scholarly inquiry for the past three decades. Much of the literature in this area has been with solely female samples of participants, begging the question as to whether or not men and women either choose to leave the profession or not enter for the same or similar reasons. This present study collected a large sample of men ( n = 1,273) who had either left or never entered the engineering profession and compared their responses to a large sample of women ( n = 1,235) on a set of categorical response variables. Using the perspective of the Theory of Work Adjustment, our results suggest that there are gender differences in reasons for departure, raising the possibility that engineering climates differentially reinforce needs for men and women. Implications of this research are discussed.
Assessing precision and accuracy of false-profile hip radiographs
Authors: Li Ryan T , Neral Mithun , Gould Heath , Hu Emily , Liu Raymond W , Salata Michael J
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and precision of pelvic rotation in existing false-profile (FP) radiographs and to devise a method to improve accuracy and precision of FP radiographs.

Methods:

An imaging protocol was developed to obtain FP radiographs. Pelvic rotation was calculated using the described method for FP images obtained in the 3 months prior to and after implementation of this protocol. Student’s t-test and variance ratio tests were used to determine differences in mean and variance of pelvic rotation between the 2 cohorts. Pelvic rotation calculation methodology was validated by using fluoroscopic C-arm to obtain AP and rotated images of 10 osteologic pelvises. The ratio of the distance between hip centres of each rotated image and AP image ( WP/ W) was determined. Intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) was used to verify the relationship between WP/ W and pelvic rotation.

Results:

Mean WP/ W was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.45–0.49). There were significant differences in mean pelvic rotation of the pre-protocol group (47.6°; 95% CI, 45.6–49.5°) and the post-protocol group (60.0°; 95% CI, 58.7–61.3°, p  < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a significantly wider distribution of measurements in the pre-protocol group (SD = 7.9°) compared to the post-protocol group (SD = 5.7°, p  = 0.0035).

Conclusions:

The quality of FP radiographs obtained in the clinical setting may be inconsistent. Standardising FP imaging produces more accurate images. Appropriate FP radiographs should have a distance between hip centres that is approximately 0.5 times the same distance found on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph.
Comparative risk evaluation for cardiovascular events associated with dapagliflozin vs. empagliflozin in real-world type 2 diabetes patients: a multi-institutional cohort study
Authors: Shao Shih-Chieh , Chang Kai-Cheng , Hung Ming-Jui , Yang Ning-I , Chan Yuk-Ying , Chen Hui-Yu , Kao Yang Yea-Huei , Lai Edward Chia-Cheng
Published: September 2019

Background

To compare the cardiovascular event risk in type 2 diabetes patients newly receiving dapagliflozin vs. empagliflozin.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study by analyzing a multi-institutional electronic medical records database (Chang Gung Research Database) in Taiwan and included adult type 2 diabetes patients who were newly receiving sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors from 2016 to 2017. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and heart failure. We followed up patients from initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors until the occurrence of cardiovascular events before December 31, 2018. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling, adjusting for patients’ age, sex, laboratory data, co-morbidities, and concomitant medications.

Results

We identified 12,681 new SGLT2 inhibitor users with a mean age of 58.9 (SD 11.8) years, of whom 43.9% were female and 45.8% were new dapagliflozin users. A total of 10,442 person-years of dapagliflozin use and 12,096 person-years of empagliflozin use were included. Compared to empagliflozin users, new users of dapagliflozin were found to have similar risks for primary composite outcome (adjusted HR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.73–1.14), cardiovascular death (adjusted HR: 0.54; 95% CI 0.14–2.12), myocardial infarction (adjusted HR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.49–1.19) and ischemic stroke (adjusted HR: 1.15; 95% CI 0.80–1.65), but a lower risk of heart failure (adjusted HR: 0.68; 95% CI 0.49–0.95).

Conclusion

The risk of cardiovascular events was similar between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin new users, but dapagliflozin may have a better outcome in the reduction of heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients. Future prospective studies are required to confirm the findings.
Optimizing the Care of Malignant Bowel Obstruction in Patients With Advanced Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Lee Yeh Chen , Jivraj Nazlin , Wang Lisa , Chawla Tanya , Lau Jenny , Croke Jennifer , Allard Johane P. , Stuart-McEwan Terri , Nathwani Kashish , Bowering Valerie , Karakasis Katherine , O’Brien Catherine , Shlomovitz Eran , Ferguson Sarah E. , Buchanan Sarah , Ng Pamela , Cyriac Sunu , Tinker Lisa , Dhani Neesha , Oza Amit M. , Lheureux Stephanie
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE:

Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common and distressing complication in women with advanced gynecologic cancer. A pilot, interprofessional MBO program was launched in 2016 at a large Canadian tertiary cancer center to integrate these patients’ complex care needs across multiple disciplines and support women with MBO.

METHOD:

Retrospective analysis to evaluate the outcomes of women with advanced gynecologic cancer who were admitted to hospital because of MBO, before (2014 to 2016: baseline group) and after (2016 to 2018) implementation of the MBO program.

RESULTS:

Of the 169 women evaluated, 106 and 63 were in the baseline group and MBO program group, respectively. Most had ovarian cancer (n = 124; 73%) and had small-bowel obstruction (n = 131; 78%). There was a significantly shorter cumulative hospital length of stay (LOSsum) within the first 60 days of MBO diagnosis in the MBO program group compared with the baseline group (13 v 22 days, respectively; adjusted P = .006). The median overall survival for women treated in the MBO program was also significantly longer compared with the baseline group (243 v 99 days, respectively; adjusted P = .002). Using the interprofessional MBO care platform, a greater proportion of patients received palliative chemotherapy (83% v 56%) and less surgery (11% v 21%) in the MBO program group than in the baseline group, respectively. A subgroup of women (n = 11) received total parenteral nutrition for longer than 6 months.

CONCLUSION:

Implementation of a comprehensive, interprofessional MBO program significantly affects patient care and may improve outcomes. Unique to this MBO program is an integrated outpatient model of care and education that empowers patients to recognize MBO symptoms for early intervention.
AS BASES LEGAIS DA POLÍTICA DE HABITAÇÃO DE INTERESSE SOCIAL EM FEIRA DE SANTANA
Authors: Brito Paula Santos
Published: September 2019

A trajetória das bases legais que nortearam a política habitacional de interesse social em Feira de Santana, a partir da década de 1960, é o foco deste artigo, que sopesa tal reflexão articulada às mudanças e determinações que ocorreram na esfera federal, com destaque para os principais fundamentos que sustentaram o caráter institucional da luta por moradia no Brasil. Fundamentado por pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, o texto apresenta breves apontamentos do conceito de política habitacional de interesse social,o panorama das ações implantadas no âmbito federal, bem como em Feira de Santana.
A TRAJETÓRIA DO COMÉRCIO E DOS SERVIÇOS DE AUTOPEÇAS EM FEIRA DE SANTANA
Authors: Santos Janio , De Jesus Anselmo Pereira
Published: September 2019

Feira de Santana tem em sua gênese a essência comercial, isso em várias vertentes e setores, além de ser um polo dinamizador de toda uma região, quea eleva a uma escala regional, porque atende cerca de 200 municípios com suas atividades comerciais e de prestação de serviços. O foco deste artigo é compreender a história do segmento de autopeças, um setor econômico importante para a organização do centro comercial de Feira de Santana, já que esse segmento possui uma trajetória para o centro da cidade.
REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE FEIRA DE SANTANA: DA PROPOSTA ÀS CARACTERÍSTICAS ATUAIS
Authors: Santos Edson da Silva
Published: September 2019

As Regiões Metropolitanas (RMs) são recortes espaciais formados pela junção de dois ou mais municípios, instituídas por meio de lei, com vistas ao planejamento e realização de funções públicas de interesses comuns. A Região Metropolitana de Feira de Santana (RMFS) foi instituída e colocada como uma forma de alavancar o desenvolvimento econômico, sustentável e equilibrado dos municípios limítrofes a ela. Ante essa proposta, elaborou-se este artigo, que tem como cerne fazer uma caracterização da RMFS, no que tange aos aspectos históricos e principalmente atuais, referentes à centralidade da cidade polo e às dinâmicas populacional e econômica, para que possam ser verificados os fundamentos de sua institucionalização. A metodologia empregada fez uso, sobretudo, de pesquisa bibliográfica dos principais conceitos e documental. Como resultados, tem-se que a centralidade do núcleo central se amplia, a RMFS não foi regulamentada e somente Feira de Santana, Conceição do Jacuípe e Riachão do Jacuípe apresentam aspectos populacionais e econômicos com caráter metropolitano.