bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Flavonoid Chemical Structures and Their Antioxidant Capacity in Preventing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Formation in Heated Meat Model System
Authors: Huynh Thi Thu Huong , Wongmaneepratip Wanwisa , Vangnai Kanithaporn
Published: March 2024

The relationship between the chemical structures of six flavonoids and their abilities to inhibit the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a heated meat model system was investigated. The PAH8 forming in samples was analyzed by using QuEChERS coupled GC-MS. Inhibitory effects of PAHs were myricetin (72.1%) > morin (55.7%) > quercetin (57.3%) > kaempferol (49.9%) > rutin (32.7%) > taxifolin (30.2%). The antioxidant activities of these flavonoids, assessed through (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH), [2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] free radical scavenging activity assay (ABTS) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) assays, exhibited a significant negative correlation with PAH reduction. Notably, myricetin that contained three hydroxyl groups on the B-ring, along with a 2,3-double bond in conjugation with a 4-keto moiety on the C-ring, demonstrated strong antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging abilities, which significantly contributed to their ability to inhibit PAH formation. However, rutin and taxifolin, substituted at the C-3 position of the C-ring, decreased the PAH inhibitory activity. The ABTS assay proved the most effective in demonstrating the correlation between flavonoid antioxidant properties and their capacity to inhibit PAH formation in heated meat model systems. Thus, the inhibition of PAHs can be achieved by dietary flavonoids according to their chemical structures.
Encapsulation of Indicaxanthin-Rich Opuntia Green Extracts by Double Emulsions for Improved Stability and Bioaccessibility
Authors: Parralejo-Sanz Sara , Quereda-Moraleda Isabel , Requena Teresa , Cano M. Pilar
Published: March 2024

Opuntia ficus-indica var. Colorada fruit is an important source of indicaxanthin, a betalain with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuromodulatory potential, proven in both in vitro and in vivo models. Other betalains and phenolic compounds with bioactive activities have also been identified in Colorada fruit extracts. These compounds may degrade by their exposure to different environmental factors, so in the present research, two double emulsion systems (W1/O/W2) were elaborated using Tween 20 (TW) and sodium caseinate (SC) as surfactants to encapsulate Colorada fruit pulp extracts, with the aim of enhancing their stability during storage. Encapsulation efficiencies of up to 97.3 ± 2.7%, particle sizes between 236 ± 4 and 3373 ± 64 nm, and zeta potential values of up to ∣46.2∣ ± 0.3 mV were obtained. In addition, the evaluation of the in vitro gastro-intestinal stability and bioaccessibility of the main individual bioactives was carried out by standardized INFOGEST© protocol, obtaining the highest values for the encapsulated extract bioactives in comparison with the non-encapsulated extract (control). Especially, TW double emulsion showed bioaccessibility values of up to 82.8 ± 1.5% for the main bioactives (indicaxanthin, piscidic acid, and isorhamnetin glucoxyl-rhamnosyl-pentoside 2 (IG2)), indicating a promising potential for its use as a functional natural colorant ingredient.
An Efficient Numerical Scheme for Fractional Order Mathematical Model of Cytosolic Calcium Ion in Astrocytes
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Nama Hunney , Singh Jagdev , Kumar Jitendra
Published: March 2024

The major aim of this article is to obtain the numerical solution of a fractional mathematical model with a nonsingular kernel for thrombin receptor activation in calcium signals using two numerical schemes based on the collocation techniques. We present the computational solution of the considered fractional model using the Laguerre collocation method (LCM) and Jacobi collocation method (JCM). An operational matrix of the fractional order derivative in the Caputo sense is needed for the recommended approach. The computational scheme converts fractional differential equations (FDEs) into an algebraic set of equations using the collocation method. The technique is used more quickly and successfully than in other existing schemes. A comparison between LCM and JCM is also presented in the form of figures. We obtained very good results with a great agreement between both the schemes. Additionally, an error analysis of the suggested procedures is provided.
A Novel Hybrid Crossover Dynamics of Monkeypox Disease Mathematical Model with Time Delay: Numerical Treatments
Authors: Sweilam Nasser H. , Al-Mekhlafi Seham M. , Hassan Saleh M. , Alsenaideh Nehaya R. , Radwan Abdelaziz E.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we improved a mathematical model of monkeypox disease with a time delay to a crossover model by incorporating variable-order and fractional differential equations, along with stochastic fractional derivatives, in three different time intervals. The stability and positivity of the solutions for the proposed model are discussed. Two numerical methods are constructed to study the behavior of the proposed models. These methods are the nonstandard modified Euler Maruyama technique and the nonstandard Caputo proportional constant Adams-Bashfourth fifth step method. Many numerical experiments were conducted to verify the efficiency of the methods and support the theoretical results. This study’s originality is the use of fresh data simulation techniques and different solution methodologies.
Dual-Delivery Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogel with Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Brevilin A and Nitric Oxide for Wound Healing in Bacterial Infection
Authors: Ruan Linghui , Pan Chengfeng , Ran Xianting , Wen Yonglan , Lang Rui , Peng Mei , Cao Jiafu , Yang Juan
Published: March 2024

Bacterial infections impede the wound healing process and can trigger local or systemic inflammatory responses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a dressing with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties to promote the healing of infected wounds. In this study, BA/COs/NO-PL/AL hydrogels were obtained by adding brevilin A (BA) camellia oil (CO) submicron emulsion and nitric oxide (NO) to hydrogels consisting of sodium alginate (AL) and Pluronic F127 (PL). The hydrogels were characterized through dynamic viscosity analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheology. They were evaluated through anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing property analyses. The results showed that BA/COs/NO-PL/AL hydrogels were thermo-responsive and had good ex vivo and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, and they also exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). They were able to effectively promote healing of the infected wound model and reduce inflammation and bacterial burden. H&E and Masson’s staining showed that BA/COs/NO-PL/AL hydrogels promoted normal epithelial formation and collagen deposition. In conclusion, BA/COs/NO-PL/AL hydrogels are promising candidates for promoting the healing of infected wounds.
Three-Dimensional Printing Strategies for Enhanced Hydrogel Applications
Authors: Omidian Hossein , Mfoafo Kwadwo
Published: March 2024

This study explores the dynamic field of 3D-printed hydrogels, emphasizing advancements and challenges in customization, fabrication, and functionalization for applications in biomedical engineering, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. It delves into the significance of tailored biomedical scaffolds for tissue regeneration, the enhancement in bioinks for realistic tissue replication, and the development of bioinspired actuators. Additionally, this paper addresses fabrication issues in soft robotics, aiming to mimic biological structures through high-resolution, multimaterial printing. In tissue engineering, it highlights efforts to create environments conducive to cell migration and functional tissue development. This research also extends to drug delivery systems, focusing on controlled release and biocompatibility, and examines the integration of hydrogels with electronic components for bioelectronic applications. The interdisciplinary nature of these efforts highlights a commitment to overcoming material limitations and optimizing fabrication techniques to realize the full potential of 3D-printed hydrogels in improving health and well-being.
Exploring Cellulose Triacetate Nanofibers as Sustainable Structuring Agent for Castor Oil: Formulation Design and Rheological Insights
Authors: Martín-Alfonso M. A. , Rubio-Valle José F. , Estrada-Villegas Gethzemani M. , Sánchez-Domínguez Margarita , Martín-Alfonso José E.
Published: March 2024

Developing gelled environmentally friendly dispersions in oil media is a hot topic for many applications. This study aimed to investigate the production of electrospun cellulose triacetate (CTA) nanofibers and to explore their potential application as a thickening agent for castor oil. The key factors in the electrospinning process, including the intrinsic properties of CTA solutions in methylene chloride (DCM)/ethanol (EtOH), such us the shear viscosity, surface tension, and electrical conductivity, were systematically studied. The impact of the CTA fiber concentration and the ratio of DCM/EtOH on the rheological properties of the gel-like dispersions in castor oil was then investigated. It was found that dispersions with a non-Newtonian response and above a critical concentration (5 wt.%), corresponding to approximately 2–2.5 times the entanglement concentration, are required to produce defect-free nanofibers. The average fiber diameter increased with CTA concentration. Further, the morphology and texture of the electrospun nanofibers are influenced by the ratio of solvents used. The rheological properties of dispersions are strongly influenced by the concentration and surface properties of nanofibers, such as their smooth or porous textures, which allow their modulation. Compared to other commonly used thickeners, such as synthetic polymers and metal soaps, CTA electrospun nanofibers have a much higher oil structuring capacity. This work illustrated the potential of using CTA nanofibers as the foundation for fabricating gel-like dispersions in oil media, and thus exerting hierarchical control of rheological properties through the use of a nanoscale fabrication technique.
Gel-Embedded Biochar and Hydroxyapatite Composite for the Improvement of Saline-Alkali Soil and Plant Growth Promotion
Authors: Hu Xin , Ma Weiqin , Pasang Lhamo , Li Jiansheng , Chen Haoming
Published: March 2024

Soil amendments play a crucial role in modern agriculture, as they effectively enhance the planting environment. This study innovatively proposes the use of gel as a crosslinking agent to embed biochar and hydroxyapatite (HAP), thereby preparing a novel soil amendment. Furthermore, this study investigates the soil improvement effects of this amendment as well as its influence on plant growth. This study employed a hydrothermal method to combine corn stalk (CB) or sludge (SB) biochar with HAP at different ratios (0–20%). Subsequently, sodium alginate gel (SA) was utilized to encapsulate the biochar and minerals, successfully forming a ternary composite gel material (corn stalk biochar/sludge biochar–sodium alginate gel-hydroxyapatite: CB/SB-SA-HAP). Finally, the practical effectiveness of this amendment was verified through potted soil experiments. The results indicate that the CB/SB-SA-HAP composite materials exhibited a micrometre-scale spherical structure with well-developed micropores and possess the functional groups of CB/SB, SA, and HAP, along with unique mineral properties. Through pot experiments, it was verified that the composite material effectively enhances multiple soil properties. After 21 days of cultivation, the soil pH values stabilized within the neutral range (pH = 7 ± 0.3) across all treatment groups. Except for the CB0 (CB:HAP = 1:0) and CB2.0 (CB:HAP = 1:2) treatments, the remaining treatments significantly reduced the soil EC values by 3.27% to 47.92%. All treatments significantly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AHN) (34.89~57.91%), available phosphorus (AP) (35.93~56.55%), and available potassium (AK) (36.41~56.80%) in the soil. In comparison, although the SB treatment was more effective in regulating the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of saline–alkali soil than the CB treatment, it was less effective in promoting plant growth in the short term. Through correlation analysis and redundancy analysis, a significant positive correlation was found between soil pH and ryegrass germination rate and plant height, particularly with the most pronounced impact on soil pH observed in the CB1.0 and SB0 (SB:HAP = 1:0) treatments. This study underscores the potential of CB/SB-SA-HAP composite materials in soil improvement and plant growth promotion, providing valuable insights for soil remediation, enhancement, and plant cultivation advancements in the agricultural sector.
The “Global” Deception: Flat-Earth Conspiracy Theory between Science and Religion
Authors: Pannofino Nicola Luciano
Published: March 2024

The article focuses on flat earthism, one of the most well-known contemporary conspiracy theories in popular culture. According to proponents of this theory, which has found a growing international following in recent years, political institutions such as the U.S. government and scientific institutions such as NASA would operate to deceive humanity about the real shape of our planet and the universe in which we live. In countering the data acquired by modern science and common sense knowledge, flat earthism stands as a heterodox theory and a radical critique of the authority of socially legitimized epistemic institutions. This article consists of two parts. The first part will offer a genealogical reconstruction of the flat-earth conspiracy, tracing its history from the 19th century to the exponents of the current movement. The second part will delve into the discourse of the proponents of flat earthism with specific reference to the Italian context, through documentary analysis of recent publications and online material available on YouTube and Telegram, which constitute some of the main channels for the discussion and dissemination of flat earthism in Italy today. On the basis of the data collected and analyzed, it will be shown how flat earthism represents a paradigmatic case of superconspiracy, that is, of a far-reaching theory capable of linking and including within itself a set of other, more circumscribed theories. To this end, flat earthism elaborates on a discourse that ambivalently combines two registers, scientific and religious language, proposing itself as a dissident narrative that if on the one hand rejects the knowledge of institutionalized and organized science and religion, on the other hand accredits an alternative and anti-intellectualist path of knowledge, accessible to the “common man” that aims to create a space of autonomy and opposition to the processes of secularization and globalization in which the flat earthers see the project of building a dystopian New World Order.
Insights for the Captive Management of South China Tigers Based on a Large-Scale Genetic Survey
Authors: Zhang Wenping , Lin Kaixiong , Fu Wenyuan , Xie Junjin , Fan Xueyang , Zhang Mingchun , Luo Hongxing , Yin Yuzhong , Guo Qiang , Huang He , Chen Tengteng , Lin Xipan , Yuan Yaohua , Huang Cheng , Du Shizhang
Published: March 2024

There is an urgent need to find a way to improve the genetic diversity of captive South China tiger (SCT, Panthera tigris amoyensis), the most critically endangered taxon of living tigers, facing inbreeding depression. The genomes showed that 13 hybrid SCTs from Meihuashan were divided into two groups; one group included three individuals who had a closer relationship with pureblood SCTs than another group. The three individuals shared more that 40% of their genome with pureblood SCTs and might be potential individuals for genetic rescuing in SCTs. A large-scale genetic survey based on 319 pureblood SCTs showed that the mean microsatellite inbreeding coefficient of pureblood SCTs decreased significantly from 0.1789 to 0.0600 (p = 0.000009) and the ratio of heterozygous loci increased significantly from 38.5% to 43.2% (p = 0.02) after one individual of the Chongqing line joined the Suzhou line and began to breed in the mid-1980s, which is a reason why the current SCTs keep a moderate level of microsatellite heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity. However, it is important to establish a back-up population based on the three individuals through introducing one pureblood SCT into the back-up population every year. The back-up population should be an important reserve in case the pureblood SCTs are in danger in the future.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Starch Synthase Gene Family in Sweet Potato and Two of Its Closely Related Species
Authors: Sun Zongjian , Li Zhenqin , Lin Xiongjian , Hu Zhifang , Jiang Mengzhen , Tang Binquan , Zhao Zhipeng , Xing Meng , Yang Xiaohui , Zhu Hongbo
Published: March 2024

The starch synthase (SS) plays important roles in regulating plant growth and development and responding to adversity stresses. Although the SS family has been studied in many crops, it has not been fully identified in sweet potato and its two related species. In the present study, eight SSs were identified from Ipomoea batatas (I. batata), Ipomoea trifida (I. trifida), and Ipomoea trlioba (I. trlioba), respectively. According to the phylogenetic relationships, they were divided into five subgroups. The protein properties, chromosomal location, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, cis-elements in the promoter, and interaction network of these proteins were also analyzed; stress expression patterns were systematically analyzed; and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed. Ipomoea batatas starch synthase (IbSSs) were highly expressed in tuber roots, especially Ipomoea batatas starch synthase 1 (IbSS1) and Ipomoea batatas starch synthase 6 (IbSS6), which may play an important role in root development and starch biosynthesis. At the same time, the SS genes respond to potassium deficiency, hormones, cold, heat, salt, and drought stress. This study offers fresh perspectives for enhancing knowledge about the roles of SSs and potential genes to enhance productivity, starch levels, and resistance to environmental stresses in sweet potatoes.
Correlation of Geotechnical and Mineralogical Properties of Lithomargic Clays in Uttara Kannada Region of South India
Authors: Nayak Deepak , Sarvade Purushotham G. , Udayashankar H. N. , Maddodi Balakrishna S. , Kumar M. Prasanna
Published: March 2024

The present study explores the intricate relationship between the geotechnical and mineralogical properties of lithomargic clays in the Uttara Kannada region of south India. Lithomargic clays, characterized by their unique composition of clay minerals and calcareous content, play a crucial role in the geotechnical behavior of soils. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between the mineralogical composition and engineering characteristics of lithomargic clays, shedding light on their suitability for various construction and infrastructure projects. The research methodology involves a systematic analysis of lithomargic clay samples collected from different locations in the Uttara Kannada region. Geotechnical investigations, including particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR) and triaxial tests, are conducted to assess the engineering properties of the clays. Concurrently, mineralogical analyses, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), are employed to identify and quantify the clay mineral constituents within the samples. The findings of this study reveal correlations between specific mineralogical features and geotechnical behaviors of lithomargic clays. Understanding these relationships is crucial for predicting the response of these clays to different engineering applications, including slope stability, foundation design and embankment construction. The research contributes valuable insights to the scientific and engineering communities, aiding in the informed utilization of lithomargic clays in geotechnical projects in the Uttara Kannada region and beyond. The outcomes of this investigation, such as the correlation of geotechnical properties with the variation in minerals in various sample locations, enhance our understanding of the complex nature of lithomargic clays, providing a foundation for more sustainable and effective engineering practices in the geologically diverse landscapes of south India.
Effect of Freeze–Thaw and Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Modified Tailings
Authors: Meng Longlong , Xia Liangxiong , Xia Min , Nie Shaokai , Chen Jiakai , Wang Wenyuan , Du Aifang , Guo Haowen , Bate Bate
Published: March 2024

Mine tailings have shown viability as the fine–grained layer in a capillary barrier structure for controlling acid mine drainage in a circular economy. Their saturated hydraulic conductivities (ksat) under wetting–drying cycles and freeze–thaw cycles remain unexplored. In this study, modified tailings with a weight ratio of 95:5 (tailings/hydrodesulfurization (HDS) clay from waste–water treatment) and an initial water content of 12% were used. The ksat of specimens was measured after up to 15 wetting–drying cycles, each lasting 24 h, with a drying temperature of 105 °C. The ksat for wetting–drying cycles decreased from 3.9 × 10−6 m/s to 9.5 × 10−7 m/s in the first three cycles and then stabilized in the subsequent wetting–drying cycles (i.e., 5.7 × 10−7 m/s–6.3 × 10−7 m/s). Increased fine particles due to particle breakage are the primary mechanism for the ksat trend. In addition, the migration of fines and their preferential deposition near the pore throat area may also promote this decreasing trend through the shrinking and potentially clogging–up of pore throats. This could be explained by the movement of the meniscus, increased salinity, and, subsequently, the shrinkage of the electrical diffuse layer during the drying cycle. Similar specimens were tested to measure ksat under up to 15 freeze–thaw cycles with temperatures circling between −20 °C and 20 °C at 12 h intervals. Compared to the untreated specimen (i.e., 3.8 × 10−6 m/s), the ksat after three freeze–thaw cycles decreased by 77.6% (i.e., 8.5 × 10−7 m/s) and then remained almost unchanged (i.e., 5.6 × 10−7 m/s–8.9 × 10−7 m/s) in subsequent freeze–thaw cycles. The increased fine grain content (i.e., 3.1%) can be used to explain the decreased ksat trend. Moreover, the migration of fines toward the pore throat area, driven by the advancing and receding of ice lens fronts and subsequent deposition at the pore throat, may also contribute to this trend.
Psychosocial Adjustment Factors Associated with Child–Parent Violence: The Role of Family Communication and a Transgressive Attitude in Adolescence
Authors: Romero-Abrio Ana , Musitu-Ochoa Gonzalo , Sánchez-Sosa Juan Carlos , Callejas-Jerónimo Juan Evaristo
Published: March 2024

According to official sources, the amounts of children-to-parent violence (CPV) in most advanced countries have been on an increasing trend for more than a decade, which generates great social concern. This phenomenon has also aroused enormous interest among researchers, who have identified risk and protective factors related to adolescent CPV in numerous studies. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between offensive family communication and CPV in adolescence, and the moderating role that two psychosocial adjustment factors may be playing: a positive attitude towards the transgression of rules and psychological distress. A total of 7787 adolescents between 11 and 16 years of age (M = 13.37, SD = 1.34) from secondary schools in the state of Nuevo León (Mexico) participated in the study (51.5% boys, 48.5% girls). Structural equation modelling was performed using structural equation modelling software (EQS). The results showed that offensive family communication has a direct and significant relationship with CPV. It was also observed that there is an indirect relationship between both variables, through the relationships of psychological distress and a positive attitude towards the transgression of rules. The multigroup analysis performed showed gender differences in some of these relationships. Finally, the results and their implications in the field of family intervention are discussed.
Trans-Inclusive Communication and Self-Perceived Barriers to It, as Reported by Doctors—A Mixed-Methods Survey in Germany
Authors: von der Warth Rieka , Körner Mirjam , Farin-Glattacker Erik
Published: March 2024

The majority of transgender and gender-nonconforming people (TGNC) report negative experiences with doctors in the healthcare system. As there is little knowledge about the communication behaviour of doctors towards TGNC, this survey aimed to assess the self-reported trans-inclusive communication of doctors and their willingness to communicate trans-inclusively, as well as their self-perceived barriers to it. A mixed-methods survey was applied for this. Firstly, we measured self-reported trans-inclusive communication behaviour based on the CommTrans questionnaire. Based on this, the overall willingness, as well as self-perceived barriers (qualitative) to communication, were assessed. In total, N = 57 doctors took part in the survey. Most participants reported not introducing themselves using pronouns (79.4%). Of these, 61.4% said that they would not be able to do this in the future either. Perceived barriers were classified into the following eight categories: necessity, sample-dependency, habit, structural barriers in practice, uncertainties in dealing with the topic, limits of patient-centredness, gender as a binary concept, and transphobia. In summary, doctors in Germany show different degrees of trans-inclusive communication. It is likely that this has a negative effect on TGNC, their health and access to the healthcare system.
Staff-Facilitated Telemedicine Care Delivery for Treatment of Hepatitis C Infection among People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Kim Rebecca G. , McDonell Claire , McKinney Jeff , Catalli Lisa , Price Jennifer C. , Morris Meghan D.
Published: March 2024

Background: Telemedicine offers the opportunity to provide clinical services remotely, thereby bridging geographic distances for people engaged in the medical system. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread adoption of telemedicine in clinical practices has persisted, highlighting its continued relevance for post-pandemic healthcare. Little is known about telemedicine use among people from socially marginalized groups. Methods: The No One Waits (NOW) Study is a single-arm clinical trial measuring the acceptability, feasibility, and safety of an urban point-of-diagnosis hepatitis C (HCV) treatment initiation model delivered in a non-clinical community setting. Participants enrolled in the NOW Study are recruited via street outreach targeting people experiencing homelessness and injecting drugs. Throughout the NOW Study, clinical care is delivered through a novel staff-facilitated telemedicine model that not only addresses geographic and transportation barriers, but also technology and medical mistrust, barriers often unique to this population. While clinicians provide high-quality specialty practice-based care via telemedicine, on-site staff provide technical support, aid in communication and rapport, and review the clinicians’ instructions and next steps with participants following the visits. Research questionnaires collect information on participants’ experience with and perceptions of telemedicine (a) prior to treatment initiation and (b) at treatment completion. Discussion: For people from socially marginalized groups with HCV infection, creative person-centered care approaches are necessary to diagnose, treat, and cure HCV. Although non-clinical, community-based staff-facilitated telemedicine requires additional resources compared to standard-of-care telemedicine, it could expand the reach and offer a valuable entrance into technology-delivered care for socially marginalized groups. Trial registration: NCT03987503.
Language Learning for People Living with Dementia and Their Caregivers: Feasibility and the Quality of Experience
Authors: Vega-Mendoza Mariana , Norval Robbie S. , Blankinship Brittany , Bak Thomas H.
Published: March 2024

Background: A body of research from around the world has reported positive effects of bilingualism on cognitive ageing and dementia. However, little is known about whether foreign language learning could be applied as an intervention for people already living with dementia. Yet, before it is possible to determine the efficacy of language courses as an intervention for people living with dementia (PLWD), it is necessary to establish whether such an intervention is feasible. Our study explored this possibility. Methods: We conducted an exploratory study to examine the feasibility and tolerability of 2-week Italian beginner courses for PLWD in early stages and their family carers in two Scottish Dementia Resource Centres (DRCs). The courses were delivered by trained tutors from Lingo Flamingo, a social enterprise specialising in language teaching for older learners and learners with dementia. Twelve PLWD and seven carers participated in the study. Focus groups preceded and followed the courses. Additional post-course open interviews with the DRC managers were conducted, with a follow-up via telephone approximately one year later. Results: Qualitative content analysis resulted in 12 themes, 5 reflected in the interview schedule and 7 arising from the focus groups and interviews. Overall, the courses were perceived positively by PLWD, carers, and DRC managers, although a few logistically and linguistically challenging aspects were also mentioned. The courses were found to positively impact both the individual by increasing self-esteem and producing a sense of accomplishment as well as the group by creating a sense of community. Notably, no adverse effects (in particular no confusion or frustration) were reported. Conclusion: The positive outcomes of our study open a novel avenue for future research to explore foreign language training in dementia as an intervention and its implications.
Mobile Apps for Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis: Systematic App Search and Evaluation
Authors: Chao Shu-Mei , Wang Ming-Ling , Fang Yu-Wen , Lin Mei-Ling , Chen Shu-Fen
Published: March 2024

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one type of renal replacement therapy. If patients have problems during the dialysis process, healthcare providers may not be able assist the patients immediately. mHealth can provide patients with information and help them to solve problems in real-time, potentially increasing their willingness to choose PD. Objective: The objectives of this study were to conduct a comprehensive review of free mobile applications for patients with PD on the Internet and to recommend suitable mobile applications to facilitate patient self-management and health. Methods: We conducted a systematic search for PD mobile applications on Google Play and the Apple iTunes Store from 3 to 16 June 2023. Results: A total of 828 identifiable mobile applications were initially identified, and ultimately, 21 met the inclusion criteria. The Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) assessment of the applications revealed the highest score in the functionality domain, followed by the aesthetics, information, app-specific, subjective quality, and engagement domains, respectively. In the comprehensive self-management of PD, the highest percentage was related to disease-related information. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that some applications, with the highest quality, can be recommended to patients for use in English or traditional Chinese.
Dietary Fatty Acids Predicting Long Term Cardiovascular Mortality in a Cohort of Middle-Aged Men Followed-Up until Extinction
Authors: Menotti Alessandro , Puddu Paolo Emilio
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To report the relationships of major dietary fatty acids with major cardiovascular disease mortality groups in a cohort of middle-aged men followed up with until extinction. Material and Methods: In the early 1960s, a cohort of men aged 40 to 59 years was enrolled and examined within the Italian Rural Areas section of the Seven Countries Study including dietary history that allowed for the estimation of major fatty acid (FA) intake (saturated FAs: SAFAs; mono-unsaturated FAs: MUFAs; and poly-unsaturated FAs: PUFAs), their ratios, and the production of a dietary score derived from 18 food groups, the high levels of which corresponded to a Mediterranean diet profile. Results: During a follow-up of 61 years, the intake of SAFAs was directly while that of MUFAs was inversely and significantly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (the hazard ratio for one standard deviation was 1.28 and 0.84, respectively) but not with other cases of Heart Disease of Uncertain Etiology (HDUE) and stroke mortality. The hazard ratio for SAFAs remained significant after factoring into the multivariate models the dietary score and other classical cardiovascular risk factors (age, smoking habits, cholesterol levels, and systolic blood pressure). The role of the dietary score was inverse and significant (hazard ratio of 0.73). Again, this was true for CHD but not for HDUE and stroke mortality. Conclusions: Both SAFAs and MUFAs predict long-term CHD mortality, together with a dietary score, but not HDUE and stroke, which represent different diseases also in relation to dietary habits.
Comparing the Impact of Non-Gamified and Gamified Virtual Reality in Digital Twin Virtual Museum Environments: A Case Study of Wieng Yong House Museum, Thailand
Authors: Chernbumroong Suepphong , Ariya Pakinee , Yolthasart Suratchanee , Wongwan Natchaya , Intawong Kannikar , Puritat Kitti
Published: March 2024

Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly employed in various domains, notably enhancing learning and experiences in cultural heritage (CH). This study examines the effects of gamified and non-gamified VR experiences within virtual museum environments, highlighting the concept of a digital twin and its focus on cultural heritage. It explores how these VR modalities affect visitor motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes. For this purpose, two versions were developed: a gamified virtual reality version incorporating interactive gaming elements like achievements, profiles, leaderboards, and quizzes and a non-gamified virtual reality version devoid of these elements. This study, using an experimental design with 76 participants (38 in each group for the gamified and non-gamified experiences), leverages the Wieng Yong House Museum’s digital twin and its fabric collection to assess the educational and experiential quality of virtual museum visits. The findings indicate that while gamification significantly boosts the reward dimension of visitor engagement, its influence is most pronounced in the effort dimension of motivation; however, its impact on learning outcomes is less marked. These insights are instrumental for integrating VR and gamification into museum environments.
What High-Impact Practices Work for Minoritized Students? Institutional Inequities in College Learning Opportunities and Outcomes
Authors: Lee Jaekyung , Kim Namsook , Su Mengchen , Greenwood Samantha
Published: March 2024

This mixed-methods study examines what high-impact practices (HIPs) help improve the chances of college and career success among minoritized students. Building on transformative and ecological perspectives of HIPs, the study tracks U.S. 4-year college students’ learning opportunities towards bachelor’s degree completion followed by job employment or graduate/professional school enrollment. It explores a more comprehensive and diverse set of HIPs: academic and sociocultural engagement, study abroad, foreign language, co-op/internship, student teaching, advanced math and writing courses, research, and volunteer activities. Statistical analyses of the Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS) data reveal racial and socioeconomic inequities in HIP participation among different types of institutions, with relatively favorable opportunities and outcomes in private or research (doctorate-granting) universities. The qualitative analyses of college student interviews offer insights into the questions of why and how HIPs work (or not) for minoritized students. The study gives evidence-based policy guidelines for improving minoritized students’ college and career success by tackling institutional inequities in high-impact practices and learning opportunities.
Deciphering the Virome of the Pimple-Shaped ‘Yali’ Pear Fruit through High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Yang , Gao Congcong , Guan Yeqing , Cheng Yudou , Wei Chuangqi , Guan Junfeng
Published: March 2024

Viral diseases pose a threat to fruit tree growth. In this study, we observed some pimple-shaped ‘Yali’ pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) and investigated their viral components. We used virome analysis to elucidate the viral composition within the pimple-shaped fruit. RT-PCR was applied to detect the plant viruses of fruits, leaves, and branches in ‘Yali’ pear. We also constructed a phylogenetic tree based on the amino acid sequences of the movement proteins of 6 apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) isolates and 44 ASGVs from the NCBI database. We detected ASGV and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) in the pimple-shaped pear fruits, which is the first report of these viruses existing in ‘Yali’ pear fruits. ASGV was present in all pimple-shaped fruit samples from six ‘Yali’ pear-producing regions. The phylogenetic tree showed that ASGVs from pears, apples, and citrus plants were separated into different branches, suggesting that hosts influence the genetic diversity of ASGV. Our study revealed the viral components and genetic variation of ASGV in pimple-shaped pear fruit, providing new insights into the epidemiology of this virus.
Use of Corn Steep Liquor as a Biostimulant in Agriculture
Authors: Garcia-Sanchez Francisco , Camara-Zapata Jose M. , Navarro-Morillo Iván
Published: March 2024

Biostimulants are substances or microorganisms that are applied to plants, soil, or seeds, to improve the growth, development, performance, and quality of crops. Their application is mainly directed towards improving the resistance of crops against abiotic and biotic stresses. These compounds are formulated from a great variety of compounds: humic substances, complex organic materials (sewage sludge extracts, composts, and manure), chemical elements (Al, Co, Na, Se, and Si), inorganic salts including phosphite, seaweed extracts (brown, red, and green), amino acids, etc. As of today, it has been observed that corn steep liquor (CSL), which is obtained from the industrial process of corn transformation, may be a good ingredient for the formulation of biostimulant products. CSL contains a large amount of different chemical compounds with biological activity for the plants and soil. The use of CSL industrial waste, previously formulated, could have a direct or indirect effect on the physiological processes and metabolic routes of plants related to the adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses, as their compounds are part of these metabolic pathways, act as elicitor compounds, and/or have their own biological activity in the plants. There is evidence that the application of CSL could protect plants from specific abiotic and biotic stresses, such as an excess of light or temperature, nutritional limitations, salinity, drought, or pathogens. In addition, it can improve the growth of the plant when these are grown in hydroponic systems, and can improve the health of soils. The present article is focused on describing the most relevant scientific aspects of CSL when used as an ingredient to formulate biostimulants for agriculture. It will discuss its chemical composition, the analytical techniques utilized to elucidate and quantify its compounds, its uses in agriculture, and mode of action in the plants.
Hydroclimatic Trends and Streamflow Response to Recent Climate Change: An Application of Discrete Wavelet Transform and Hydrological Modeling in the Passaic River Basin, New Jersey, USA
Authors: Oteng Mensah Felix , Alo Clement Aga , Ophori Duke
Published: March 2024

The exigency of the current climate crisis demands a more comprehensive approach to addressing location-specific climate impacts. In the Passaic River Basin (PRB), two bodies of research—hydroclimatic trend detection and hydrological modeling—have been conducted with the aim of revealing the basin’s hydroclimate patterns as well as the hydrologic response to recent climate change. In a rather novel application of the wavelet transform tool, we sidelined the frequently used Mann–Kendal (MK) trend test, to identify the hidden monotonic trends in the inherently noisy hydroclimatic data. By this approach, the use of MK trend test directly on the raw data, whose results are almost always ambiguous and statistically insignificant in respect of precipitation data, for instance, no longer poses a challenge to the reliability of trend results. Our results showed that, whereas trends in temperature and precipitation are increasing in the PRB, streamflow trends are decreasing. Based on results from the hydrological modeling, streamflow is more sensitive to actual evapotranspiration (ET) than it is to precipitation. In periods spanning decades with sufficient water availability, energy governs actual evapotranspiration rates, rendering streamflow more sensitive to increases in precipitation. Conversely, during meteorologically stressed decades, water availability dictates actual evapotranspiration, consequently amplifying streamflow sensitivity to fluctuations in actual evapotranspiration. We found that the choice of baseline condition constitutes an important source of uncertainty in the sensitivities of streamflow to precipitation and evapotranspiration changes and should routinely be considered in any climate impact assessment.
Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing a Healthy Lifestyle Intervention at Workplaces in South Africa
Authors: Singh Shivneta , Naicker Ashika , Grobbelaar Heleen , Singh Evonne Shanita , Spiegelman Donna , Shrestha Archana
Published: March 2024

Current evidence indicates that workplace health and wellness programmes provide numerous benefits concerning altering cardiovascular risk factor profiles. Implementing health programmes at workplaces provide an opportunity to engage adults towards positive and sustainable lifestyle choices. The first step in designing lifestyle interventions for the workplace is understanding the barriers and facilitators to implementing interventions in these settings. The barriers and facilitators to implementing lifestyle interventions in the workplace environment was qualitatively explored at two multinational consumer goods companies among seven workplaces in South Africa. Semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with ten workplace managers. Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among workplace employees. The IDI findings revealed that the main facilitators for participation in a lifestyle intervention programme were incentives and rewards, educational tools, workplace support, and engaging lessons. In contrast, the main facilitator of the FGDs was health and longevity. The main barriers from the IDIs included scheduling time for lifestyle interventions within production schedules at manufacturing sites, whereas time limitations, a lack of willpower and self-discipline were the main barriers identified from the FGDs. The findings of this study add to literature on the barriers and facilitators of implementing healthy lifestyle interventions at workplaces and suggest that there is a potential for successfully implementing intervention programmes to improve health outcomes, provided that such efforts are informed and guided through the engagement of workplace stakeholders, an assessment of the physical and food environment, and the availability of workplace resources.
“A Judgment-Free Zone”: Adaptation and Pilot Study of a Virtual Wellness Group for African American Mothers with Young Children
Authors: Brooks Kimberly M. , Charlot-Swilley Dominique , Robertson Hillary A. , Bodrick Nia , Danielson Aimee L. , Genovez Marta , Boogaard Claire , Morris Sydney , Deshmukh Sanyukta , Kiker Lauren , Green Olukemi , Le Huynh-Nhu
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly challenging for the mental health of African American (AA) birthing people. The pandemic necessitated shifting mental health care to online interventions. The goals of this study were to (1) describe an adapted evidence-based group preventive intervention for AA mothers with young children within a pediatric setting and (2) evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of this virtual intervention. Phase 1 describes the adaptation of the HealthySteps Mom’s Virtual Wellness Group, including eight weekly sessions based on the Mothers and Babies Course. Phase 2 was a mixed-methods, pre–post intervention design. Six AA mothers with young children completed questionnaires related to depression, anxiety, and parenting competence at three time points: pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3). The participants also completed a focus group post-T2 to gather qualitative feedback regarding the intervention. The median scores for depression were lower at T2 and increased at T3, and for anxiety, they increased at T2 and decreased at T3. The median scores for parenting competence increased across the three time points. The participants attended a mean of 7.2 sessions (SD = 0.74). The qualitative results indicate that the participants gained a sense of empowerment, enjoyed connecting with other mothers, and acquired information. This pilot study suggests that a virtual intervention is feasible, acceptable, and can increase parenting competence and support among AA mothers with young children.
“My Mother Persuaded Me to Have More Children”, Understanding the Influence of Social Network on Fertility Behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Chukwudeh Stephen Okechukwu , Oduaran Akpovire
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Despite the adoption of an antenatal demographic transition model in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth continues to soar in the region. The reasons for population growth are nebulous and should be approached from different perspectives. Inadequate attention has been paid to how social pressures shape reproductive behavior. Thus, this study examines the association between social networks and fertility behavior in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design that employed a qualitative method to conduct 28 in-depth interviews among married women. Data was collected in 2023. Thematic analyses were utilized to interpret the results. Results: Parental pressure, the desire for more children, the desire for male children, values placed on children, norms, and pronatalist culture were associated with high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusions: Thus, there is a need for more awareness of family planning and contraceptive use in order to reduce fertility in sub-Saharan Africa.