bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of Nonequilibrium Modeling for Compressors
Authors: Spencer Robert , Przytarski Pawel , Adami Paolo , Grothe Patrick , Wheeler Andrew
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the importance of nonequilibrium boundary-layer modeling for three compressor blade geometries, using RANS and high-fidelity simulations. We find that capturing nonequilibrium effects in RANS is crucial to capturing the correct boundary-layer loss. This is because the production of turbulence within the nonequilibrium region affects both the loss generation in the nonequilibrium region, but also the final equilibrium state. We show that capturing the correct nonequilibrium behavior is possible by adapting industry standard models (in this case the k–ω SST model). We show that for the range of cases studied here, nonequilibrium effects can modify the trailing-edge momentum thickness by up to 40% and can change the trailing-edge shape factor from 1.8 to 2.1.
Adidas × Parley: An Exploration of Corporate Social Responsibility and the Global Plastic Crisis
Authors: Murfree Jessica R. , Police Chelsea C.
Published: June 2022

In 2021, Adidas celebrated the sixth anniversary of its partnership with Parley for the Oceans (Parley), an organization dedicated to reducing oceanic pollution by repurposing recovered plastic, like fishing nets and plastic bottles. The athletic retail titan has demonstrated a commitment to fighting the issue of plastic waste in the fashion and sport industries. This partnership led to Adidas’ adoption of Parley’s plastic mitigation strategy, AIR: avoid, intercept, and redesign, and serves as an example of how some sport organizations have incorporated environmental concerns into their overall corporate social responsibility initiatives. Serving in the role of Adidas’ Assistant Director of Global Partnerships, students are challenged to understand environmental concerns sport organizations face and propel this partnership forward in new, innovative, and creative ways. Because of their global influence and visibility, sport entities should be particularly invested in their perceived corporate social responsibility as it relates to the natural environment, while also understanding how their business contributes directly to environmental issues. Students will gain an understanding of environmental sustainability within corporate social responsibility, while (a) assessing Adidas’ efforts to strategically combat the world’s plastic pollution crisis and (b) identifying additional avenues for sport organizations to promote environmental sustainability.
Lifting Velocity as a Predictor of the Maximum Number of Repetitions That Can Be Performed to Failure During the Prone Bench Pull Exercise
Authors: Miras-Moreno Sergio , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , García-Ramos Amador
Published: June 2022

Objective: To explore (1) the goodness of fit of generalized and individualized relationships between the maximum number of repetitions performed to failure (RTF) and the fastest mean velocity and peak velocity of the sets (RTF–velocity relationships), (2) the between-sessions reliability of mean velocity and peak velocity values associated with different RTFs, and (3) whether the errors in the prediction of the RTF under fatigued and nonfatigued conditions differ between generalized and individualized RTF–velocity relationships. Methods: Twenty-three sport-science students performed 4 testing sessions with the prone bench pull exercise in a Smith machine: a 1-repetition-maximum [1RM] session, 2 identical sessions consisting of singles sets of RTF against 4 randomized loads (60%–70%–80%–90%1RM), and 1 session consisting of 4 sets of RTF against the 75%1RM. Results: Individualized RTF–velocity relationships presented a higher goodness of fit (r2 = .96–.97 vs .67–.70) and accuracy (absolute errors = 2.1–2.9 repetitions vs 2.8–4.3 repetitions) in the prediction of the RTF than generalized RTF–velocity relationships. The reliability of the velocity values associated with different RTFs was generally high (average within-subject coefficient of variation = 4.01% for mean velocity and 3.98% for peak velocity). The error in the prediction of the RTF increased by ~1 repetition under fatigue (ie, set 1 vs sets 2–4). Conclusions: Individualized RTF–velocity relationships can be used with acceptable precision and reliability to prescribe the loads associated with a given RTF during the match a specific XRM during the prone bench pull exercise, but a lower accuracy is expected in a fatigued state.
A National Implementation Approach for Exercise as Usual Care in Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology: Network ActiveOncoKids
Authors: Götte Miriam , Söntgerath Regine , Gauß Gabriele , Wiskemann Joachim , Buždon Mirko , Kesting Sabine
Published: June 2022

The diagnosis of cancer as well as accompanying acute and late effects of treatment are influencing physical activity behavior of patients with childhood cancer and survivors. Research has shown that a pediatric cancer diagnosis is associated with impairments of physical performance, and function, as well as reduced physical, and psychosocial, health conditions. From an ethical perspective, lack of knowledge of health care providers, lack of physical activity promotion, and environmental, and structural barriers to physical activity restrict children’s right to move and actively engage in physical activities. Network ActiveOncoKids is a German-wide initiative with the main goal of enabling children, adolescents, and young adults with exercise opportunities during and after cancer treatment. Since the network’s foundation in 2012, Network ActiveOncoKids focuses on: (1) physical activity support for patients and families, (2) policy change to establish structures and guidelines, and (3) generating evidence through scientific projects. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of Network ActiveOncoKids structure, aims, and projects. This topical review will highlight the network’s structural development, research work, and implementation progress of exercise programs for patients with pediatric cancer and survivors, link international collaborations, and discuss future directions.
Physiological ROS controls Upd3-dependent modeling of ECM to support cardiac function in
Drosophila
Authors: Gera Jayati , Budakoti Prerna , Suhag Meghna , Mandal Lolitika , Mandal Sudip
Published: June 2022

Despite their highly reactive nature, reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the physiological level serve as signaling molecules regulating diverse biological processes. While ROS usually act autonomously, they also function as local paracrine signals by diffusing out of the cells producing them. Using in vivo molecular genetic analyses in
Drosophila
, we provide evidence for ROS-dependent paracrine signaling that does not entail ROS release. We show that elevated levels of physiological ROS within the pericardial cells activate a signaling cascade transduced by Ask1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 to regulate the expression of the cytokine Unpaired 3 (Upd3). Upd3 released by the pericardial cells controls fat body–specific expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein Pericardin, essential for cardiac function and healthy life span. Therefore, our work reveals an unexpected inter-organ communication circuitry wherein high physiological levels of ROS regulate cytokine-dependent modulation of cardiac ECM with implications in normal and pathophysiological conditions.
RB1
loss overrides PARP inhibitor sensitivity driven by
RNASEH2B
loss in prostate cancer
Authors: Miao Chenkui , Tsujino Takuya , Takai Tomoaki , Gui Fu , Tsutsumi Takeshi , Sztupinszki Zsofia , Wang Zengjun , Azuma Haruhito , Szallasi Zoltan , Mouw Kent W. , Zou Lee , Kibel Adam S. , Jia Li
Published: June 2022

Current targeted cancer therapies are largely guided by mutations of a single gene, which overlooks concurrent genomic alterations. Here, we show that
RNASEH2B
,
RB1
, and
BRCA2
, three closely located genes on chromosome 13q, are frequently deleted in prostate cancer individually or jointly. Loss of
RNASEH2B
confers cancer cells sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition due to impaired ribonucleotide excision repair and PARP trapping. When co-deleted with
RB1
, however, cells lose their sensitivity, in part, through E2F1-induced BRCA2 expression, thereby enhancing homologous recombination repair capacity. Nevertheless, loss of
BRCA2
resensitizes
RNASEH2B/RB1
co-deleted cells to PARP inhibition. Our results may explain some of the disparate clinical results from PARP inhibition due to interaction between multiple genomic alterations and support a comprehensive genomic test to determine who may benefit from PARP inhibition. Last, we show that ATR inhibition can disrupt E2F1-induced BRCA2 expression and overcome PARP inhibitor resistance caused by
RB1
loss.
Candida parapsilosis Mdr1B and Cdr1B Are Drivers of Mrr1-Mediated Clinical Fluconazole Resistance
Authors: Doorley Laura A. , Rybak Jeffrey M. , Berkow Elizabeth L. , Zhang Qing , Morschhäuser Joachim , Rogers P. David
Published: June 2022

Candida parapsilosis
is a common cause of invasive candidiasis worldwide and is the most commonly is7olated
Candida
species among pediatric and neonatal populations. Previous work has demonstrated that nonsynonymous mutations in the gene encoding the putative transcription factor CpMrr1 can influence fluconazole susceptibility. However, the direct contribution of these mutations and how they influence fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates are poorly understood.
Using Machine Learning To Define the Impact of Beta-Lactam Early and Cumulative Target Attainment on Outcomes in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Alshaer Mohammad H. , Maranchick Nicole , Bai Chen , Maguigan Kelly L. , Shoulders Bethany , Felton Timothy W. , Mathew Sumith K. , Mardini Mamoun T. , Peloquin Charles A.
Published: June 2022

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are the most common intensive care unit (ICU) infections. We aimed to evaluate the association of early and cumulative beta-lactam pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters with therapy outcomes in pneumonia.
Nutrient Availability and Phage Exposure Alter the Quorum-Sensing and CRISPR-Cas-Controlled Population Dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ahator Stephen Dela , Sagar Sadhanna , Zhu Minya , Wang Jianhe , Zhang Lian-Hui
Published: June 2022

The increase in antimicrobial resistance has created the need for alternative interventions such as phage therapy. However, as previously observed with antimicrobial resistance, phage therapy will not be effective if bacteria evolve resistance and persist in the presence of the phages.
Thymol Increases Sensitivity of Clinical Col-R Gram-Negative Bacteria to Colistin
Authors: Yao Zhuocheng , Feng Luozhu , Zhao Yining , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Lijiang , Wang Lingbo , Zhang Ying , Sun Yao , Zhou Tieli , Cao Jianming
Published: June 2022

Colistin is being considered “the last ditch” treatment in many infections caused by multidrug-resistant GNB clinical isolates, but colistin-resistant (Col-R) strains with different drug resistance mechanisms have appeared worldwide. Hence, it is of great significance to rejuvenate sensitization of clinical Col-R Gram-negative bacteria to colistin.
Skills assessment after a grape-based microsurgical course for ophthalmology residents: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Zhaotian , Li Songshan , Sun Limei , Yan Wenjia , Huang Li , Lu Jinglin , Wang Qiong , Li Mengke , Zheng Danying , Liu Yizhi , Ding Xiaoyan
Published: June 2022

Aims

To introduce and assess a course using grapes as training models for ophthalmology residents to acquire basic microsurgical skills.

Methods

Ophthalmology residents who were novices at microsurgery were included. Participants were randomised into a 1:1 ratio to a 4-hour training programme based on fruit models (group A) or virtual reality (VR) modulator and silicone suture pads (group B), respectively. Before and after training, questionnaires were designed to measure their self-confidence with ophthalmic operations and with their coming role as surgical assistants. After training, each participant provided their interest in further studying microsurgery and was assessed for their general competence of ophthalmic microsurgery on porcine eyes.

Results

Eighty-three participants were included, with 42 ones in group A and 41 ones in group B. After training, participants in group A performed better in the uniformities of the suture span (p<0.05), suture thickness (p<0.05) and tissue protection (p<0.05) during the corneal suturing assessment. The overall scores of corneal suturing and circular capsulorhexis in the porcine eye in group A were comparable to those in group B (p=0.26 and 0.87, respectively). Group A showed a more positive attitude to withstand the training for more than 4 hours (p<0.001), as well as a higher willingness to receive more times of the training in the future (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Training models based on grapes are equal to VR simulators and silicon suture pads to provide solid training tasks for ophthalmology residents to master basic microsurgical skills, and might have advantages in lower economic cost, and easy availability.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2000040439.
Global seroprevalence and sociodemographic characteristics ofBorrelia burgdorferi sensu latoin human populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Yan , Zhou Guozhong , Cao Wenjing , Xu Xin , Zhang Yu , Ji Zhenhua , Yang Jiaru , Chen Jingjing , Liu Meixiao , Fan Yuxin , Kong Jing , Wen Shiyuan , Li Bingxue , Yue Peng , Liu Aihua , Bao Fukai
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato(Bb) infection, the most frequent tick-transmitted disease, is distributed worldwide. This study aimed to describe the global seroprevalence and sociodemographic characteristics ofBbin human populations.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and other sources for relevant studies of all study designs through 30 December 2021 with the following keywords: ‘Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato’ AND ‘infection rate’; and observational studies were included if the results of humanBbantibody seroprevalence surveys were reported, the laboratory serological detection method reported and be published in a peer-reviewed journal. We screened titles/abstracts and full texts of papers and appraised the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration-endorsed Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Data were synthesised narratively, stratified by different types of outcomes. We also conducted random effects meta-analysis where we had a minimum of two studies with 95% CIs reported. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021261362).

Results

Of 4196 studies, 137 were eligible for full-text screening, and 89 (158 287 individuals) were included in meta-analyses. The reported estimated globalBbseroprevalence was 14.5% (95% CI 12.8% to 16.3%), and the top three regions ofBbseroprevalence were Central Europe (20.7%, 95% CI 13.8% to 28.6%), Eastern Asia (15.9%, 95% CI 6.6% to 28.3%) and Western Europe (13.5%, 95% CI 9.5% to 18.0%). Meta-regression analysis showed that after eliminating confounding risk factors, the methods lacked western blotting (WB) confirmation and increased the risk of false-positiveBbantibody detection compared with the methods using WB confirmation (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.2). Other factors associated withBbseropositivity include age ≥50 years (12.6%, 95% CI 8.0% to 18.1%), men (7.8%, 95% CI 4.6% to 11.9%), residence of rural area (8.4%, 95% CI 5.0% to 12.6%) and suffering tick bites (18.8%, 95% CI 10.1% to 29.4%).

Conclusion

The reported estimated globalBbseropositivity is relatively high, with the top three regions as Central Europe, Western Europe and Eastern Asia. Using the WB to confirmBbserological results could significantly improve the accuracy. More studies are needed to improve the accuracy of global Lyme borreliosis burden estimates.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021261362.
Health literacy in context: struggling to self-manage diabetes – a longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Debussche Xavier , Balcou-Debussche Maryvette , Ballet Delphine , Caroupin-Soupoutevin Jessica
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Considering health literacy needs is a key component of health services responsiveness to diabetes self-management among vulnerable individuals. The purpose of this qualitative study was to provide a detailed analysis of the health literacy of people with type 2 diabetes in relation to their daily self-care practices.

Design

Nested qualitative study in the ERMIES randomised controlled trial testing a 2-year structured care in type 2 diabetes. First round of semidirected interviews at the beginning of the trial with thematic analysis of content. Second round at the completion with directed interviews guided by the first round’s themes together with Health Literacy Questionnaire.

Settings

Interviews conducted at home.

Participants

Forty-four (31 females/13 males, 30–79 years, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)≥7.5%) consecutive participants out of 100 recruited in the ERMIES trial from 4 diabetology outpatient settings (Reunion Island). Forty-two respondents to the second round interviews.

Results

Three poles structured into eight themes characterised practices in context: health knowledge, disease management, expertise and social support. The relationships of participants in each of the eight themes were differentiated, ranging from functional to interactive and critical. Treatment and follow-up were essentially functional, while diet and exercise remained more interactive. Social support and relationship to health professionals were important determinants of disease management.

Conclusions

Treatment management and disease monitoring remain primarily the job of health professionals, as opposed to diet, physical activity and social support being part of ordinary practice. Decision-making, as a shared social task, as well as resources for participation in health services, should be considered for relevant interventions in type 2 diabetes.

Trial registration number

NCT01425866.
Understanding the implementation strategy of a secondary care tobacco addiction treatment pathway (the CURE project) in England: a strategic behavioural analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Angela M , Wearn Angela , Haste Anna , Mallion Verity , Evison Matthew , Howle Freya , Haighton Catherine
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The Conversation, Understand, Replace, Experts and evidence-based treatment (CURE) project implemented an evidence-based intervention that offers a combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioural support to tobacco-dependent inpatients. Understanding key characteristics of CURE’s implementation strategy, and identifying areas for improvement, is important to support the roll-out of nationwide tobacco dependence services. This study aimed to (1) specify key characteristics of CURE’s exiting implementation strategy and (2) develop theoretical-informed and stakeholder-informed recommendations to optimise wider roll-out.

Design and methods

Data were collected via document review and secondary analysis of interviews with 10 healthcare professionals of a UK hospital. Intervention content was specified through behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and intervention functions within the Behaviour Change Wheel. A logic model was developed to specify CURE’s implementation strategy and its mechanisms of impact. We explored the extent to which BCTs and intervention functions addressed the key theoretical domains influencing implementation using prespecified matrices. The development of recommendations was conducted over a two-round Delphi exercise.

Results

We identified six key theoretical domains of influences: ‘environmental context and resources’, ‘goals’, ‘social professional role and identity’, ‘social influences’, ‘reinforcement’ and ‘skills’. The behavioural analysis identified 26 BCTs, 4 intervention functions and 4 policy categories present within the implementation strategy. The implementation strategy included half the relevant intervention functions and BCTs to target theoretical domains influencing CURE implementation, with many BCTs focusing on shaping knowledge. Recommendations to optimise content were developed following stakeholder engagement.

Conclusions

CURE offers a strong foundation from which a tobacco dependence treatment model can be developed in England. The exiting strategy could be strengthened via the inclusion of more theoretically congruent BCTs, particularly relating to ‘environmental context and resources’. The recommendations provide routes to optimisation that are both theoretically grounded and stakeholder informed. Future research should assess the feasibility/acceptability of these recommendations in the wider secondary-care context.
We Walk: a person-centred, dyadic behaviour change intervention to promote physical activity through outdoor walking after stroke—an intervention development study
Authors: Morris Jacqui H , Irvine Linda A , Dombrowski Stephan U , McCormack Brendan , Van Wijck Frederike , Lawrence Maggie
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To develop We Walk, a theoretically informed, 12-week person-centred dyadic behaviour change intervention to increase physical activity (PA) in community-dwelling people with stroke (PWS) through outdoor walking.

Design

Three-phase intervention development study. Phase 1: we reviewed literature on barriers and facilitators to PA after stroke and mapped them to the Behaviour Change Wheel and Theoretical Domains Framework to define intervention components. The Health Action Process Approach determined intervention structure underpinned by person-centred principles. Phase 2: stakeholder focus groups involving PWS, their companions and health professionals reviewed the draft intervention, and experts in behaviour change were consulted. Phase 3: informed by phases 1 and 2, the intervention and form of delivery were refined, with final review through patient and public involvement.

Setting

Three Scottish community rehabilitation stroke services.

Participants

Twenty-three ambulatory community-dwelling PWS and their companions, thirty-seven health and exercise professionals, seven behaviour change experts.

Results

Phase 1 determined key intervention components: information about benefits of walking; developing motivation and confidence to walk; facilitating dyadic goal setting and making plans together; monitoring walking, overcoming challenges; and maintaining walking behaviour. Phase 2 review by stakeholder focus groups and behaviour change experts endorsed intervention components and structure, emphasising dyadic relational aspects as central to potential success. In phase 3, intervention content and handbooks for PWS and buddies were finalised. Healthcare professionals proposed third-sector delivery as most appropriate for intervention delivery. A detailed delivery manual was developed. Participants preferred facilitated face-to-face and telephone delivery.

Conclusions

Our multilens intervention development approach ensured this novel intervention was evidence-informed, person-centred, theoretically coherent provided appropriate social support, and addressed issues of concern to PWS. This study established intervention components and structure and identified operational issues critical to future success. Future research will pilot and refine We Walk and evaluate acceptability, feasibility, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN34488928.
Aetiological research on the health of migrants living in Germany: a systematic literature review
Authors: Osei Tracy Bonsu , Mank Isabel , Sorgho Raissa , Nayna Schwerdtle Patricia , Hövener Claudia , Fischer Florian , Razum Oliver , Danquah Ina
Published: June 2022

Background

Germany has become an important immigration country and health services need to adopt to meet the needs of an increasingly multicultural population. For public health planning, it is essential to understand the aetiology of health problems among migrant populations. The main objective was to systematically identify, evaluate and synthesise population-based studies that investigated exposure–outcome relationships among migrant groups in Germany.

Methods

In November 2019, we searched PubMed and LIVIVO, and updated this search in November 2020, to identify peer-reviewed publications that fulfilled our eligibility criteria: English or German language; study on disease aetiology among major migrant groups in Germany, according to the latest microcensus; publication date from inception to 01 November 2020 and observational or experimental study designs. For quality appraisal, we used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. Outcomes under investigation were categorised according to the WHO major disease groups, and their associations with risk factors were synthesised as a heat map.

Results

Out of 2407 articles retrieved, we included 68 publications with a total number of 864 518 participants. These publications reported on cross-sectional data (n=56), cohort studies (n=11) and one intervention study. The population groups most frequently studied were from the Middle East (n=28), Turkey (n=24), sub-Saharan Africa (n=24), Eastern Europe (n=15) and the former Soviet Union (n=11). The outcomes under study were population group specific. There were consistent associations of demographic and socioeconomic factors with ill health among migrants in Germany.

Discussion

In this systematic review, we observed low risk of bias in two-thirds of the studies. There is an increasing body of evidence for aetiological research on migrants’ health in Germany. Still, the directions of associations between a wide range of risk factors and major disease groups seem only partially understood.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018085074.
Severity and mortality of COVID-19 among people with disabilities: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Seid Abubeker Alebachew , Woday Tadesse Abay , Hasen Aragaw Asfaw
Published: June 2022

Introduction

As the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent global healthcare crisis continue, people with disabilities may face greater health risks than their non-disabled peers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the severity and mortality of COVID-19 among people with different types of disabilities.

Methods and analysis

We will search PubMed, HINARI, ScienceDirect, PEDro and Cochrane Library databases. Grey literature search will also be conducted on MedRxiv and Google Scholar. Searches will be without date restrictions. Cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies assessing the severity and mortality of COVID-19 among people with disabilities will be included. Only full-text studies in the English language will be included. The outcomes of interest include the risk of COVID-19 infection, rate of hospitalisation, severity, hospital stay, mortality and others variables where data are available. Two reviewers will extract data and perform risk of bias assessment independently. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to assess risk of bias. Review Manager V.5.4 and Stata V.16.0 software will be used for statistical analysis. Heterogeneity will be analysed using I² statistics. Pooled OR with 95% CI will be used to calculate the pooled results for outcome variables.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval and informed consent are not required as this is a systematic review of existing publications. The final results will be published in a peer reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022306361.
Epidemiology of non-fatal burn injuries in children: evidence from Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2016
Authors: Abedin Minhazul , Rahman Farah Naz , Rakhshanda Shagoofa , Mashreky Saidur Rahman , Rahman A K M Fazlur , Hossain Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Background

Burn is a major cause of childhood injury-related morbidity and mortality. Global estimates suggest that 90% of all cases occur in low-income and middle-income countries and over half of the disability-adjusted life-years are lost from fire-related burns in children. In Bangladesh, there is a scarcity of data on childhood burn injuries. The goal of the study was to describe the epidemiology of non-fatal burns in Bangladeshi children, including incidence estimates and identify high-risk groups.

Methods

Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2016 was a large scale cross-sectional survey. The survey was conducted among 299 216 population utilising a multistage cluster sampling method. Among the 100 842 children, there were 437 non-fatal burn cases.

Results

Among different injury mechanisms in children, burn was ranked fifth (7.4%). The overall yearly incidence rate (IR) of burns was 866.7 per 100 000 children (95% CI 785.6 to 947.8) in Bangladesh. The incidence was highest among 1–4 years old children (IR 2028.3, 95% CI 1761.1 to 2334.7) and had a 3.5 times higher risk of burns compared with the 15–17 years age group. Females had a much higher IR of non-fatal burns than males between the ages of 10–15 years (1655.2 vs 482.2). About 70% of burns occurred in rural areas. Hot liquid (44.7%), flames (32.5%) and hot objects (20.7%) were identified as the main causes of burns. The kitchen (60.9%), yards (20.8%) and bedroom and living room (10.5%) were the three most common places for burns. According to the study, 34.8% of burn incidences occurred between the hours of 7:00 and 10:00.

Conclusion

Children in Bangladesh suffer from a high rate of non-fatal burns. The high-risk category was identified as preschool-aged boys and adolescent girls. The majority of the incidents occurred in the morning and inside the kitchen. These findings will help raise awareness and create intervention measures to reduce the high incidence of non-fatal childhood burns in Bangladesh.
Comparison of two next-generation sequencing-based approaches for liquid biopsy analysis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a multicentre study
Authors: Bessi Silvia , Pepe Francesco , Russo Gianluca , Pisapia Pasquale , Ottaviantonio Marco , Biancalani Francesca , Iaccarino Antonino , Russo Maria , Biancalani Mauro , Troncone Giancarlo , Malapelle Umberto
Published: June 2022

In the era of personalised medicine, testing for an increasing number of predictive biomarkers is becoming a priority. However, tissue biopsies from these patients are oftentimes insufficient for conventional approaches, a common issue that deprives them of the clinical benefits of biomarker-directed treatments. To tackle this problem, many clinical laboratories are resorting to circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), which is becoming increasingly appreciated as a valuable source for biomarker testing. In this context, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become essential. Indeed, different NGS systems are able to detect several clinically relevant low-frequency hot-spot mutations simultaneously in a single run. However, their reproducibility in the analysis of ctDNA has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of using Illumina MiSeq and Thermo Fisher Ion S5 Plus platforms to assess pathogenic alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) liquid biopsy specimens. Using the in vitro diagnostic (IVD) NGS panel Myriapod NGS Cancer panel DNA (Diatech Pharmacogenetics) on MiSeq platform (Illumina), we reanalysed ctDNA extracted from a retrospective series of n=40 patients with advanced NSCLC previously tested with a custom NGS panel (SiRe) on Thermo Fisher Ion S5 Plus system. Overall, 13 out of 40 (32.5%) ctDNA samples displayed pathogenic alterations in at least two genes, namely,EGFRandKRAS. A concordance rate of 100% was identified between the two methodologies in terms of sample mutational status and total number of detected variables. All NGS platforms featured a high degree of concordance.
Dasatinib-induced Crohn’s-like colitis
Authors: Grillo Federica , Carlin Luca , Remo Andrea , Fassan Matteo , Mescoli Claudia , Campora Michela , Caserta Luigi , Mazza Fabrizio , Mastracci Luca
Published: June 2022

Dasatinib is a second-generation multityrosine kinase inhibitor used in the first-line and second-line treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukaemia. The most frequent type of Dasatinib-induced intestinal injury is haemorrhagic colitis; other morphologic patterns include apoptotic colopathy, CD8+ T-cell-mediated colitis and non-specific colitis. Aim of this study is to describe a novel Crohn’s-like histopathologic pattern of Dasatinib-induced colitis. Four patients developed diarrhoea during Dasatinib treatment; colonoscopy was performed and biopsy sets were taken for histological analysis. All patients showed patchy, chronic active inflammation with cryptitis and microgranulomas (two patients). Ileal and rectal biopsies showed either no or mild, focal inflammation. An increase in lamina propria eosinophils was seen (two patients) and apoptoses were seen (three patients). Complete remission was observed after interruption of treatment. Dasatinib-induced colitis and Crohn’s disease may share histologic features including microgranulomas, which can potentially lead to misdiagnosis if no information on treatment is provided.
Building health equity through housing policies: critical reflections and future directions for research
Authors: Leifheit Kathryn M , Schwartz Gabriel L , Pollack Craig Evan , Linton Sabriya L
Published: June 2022

Housing may be at once the most powerful and underused tool at our disposal to improve population health. Using examples from the USA, we argue that current levels of housing insecurity are the result of clear and inequitable policy choices, leading to the entrenchment of health inequities—particularly, across race and class. Solutions to housing insecurity must, therefore, be structural. The COVID-19 pandemic has opened a window of opportunity for these structural housing policy reforms. Through justice- and action-oriented research, health researchers can inform the development and implementation of housing policies that advance health equity. We offer a series of recommendations to better position our field to achieve this goal.
Influence of hydroxychloroquine blood levels on adhesion molecules associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fasano Serena , Iudici Michele , Coscia Melania Alessia , Messiniti Valentina , Borgia Alessia , Tirri Rosella , Ciccia Francesco
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients with SLE have an endothelial dysfunction (ED), which is considered the earliest marker of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Endothelial cell activation induced by proinflammatory cytokines is defined by the endothelial expression of cell-surface adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum endothelial adhesion molecule levels are influenced by blood hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) levels in SLE.

Methods

Consecutive patients with SLE taking a stable dose of HCQ were investigated. At study entry and 6 months later HCQ blood levels were quantified by tandem mass spectrometry. Serum levels of P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were also measured using a Luminex 200 instrument. Comparison of endothelial soluble adhesion molecules in groups with different HCQ blood levels was performed by t-test.

Results

83 patients with SLE were enrolled. Correlation were demonstrated between mean blood HCQ concentrations and endothelial soluble adhesion molecules (E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1). Moreover, serum levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly lower in the patients with SLE with HCQ blood levels >500 ng/mL (83.67±52.8 ng/mL vs 158.81±125.1 ng/mL and 8.9±2.2 ng/mL vs 10.4±2.3 ng/mL). Serum levels of E-selectin were nearly significantly lower in the patients with SLE with HCQ blood levels >500 ng/mL (64.7±30.2 ng/mL vs 71.6±42.2 ng/mL, p=0.06). No significant difference in concentration of P-selectin was detected.

Conclusions

In the present study, there was a trend towards higher adhesion molecules levels with lower HCQ blood levels in patients with SLE. Further longitudinal studies will determine whether changes in endothelial biomarkers reflect decreased clinical CV events.
Persistent perfusion abnormalities at day 1 correspond to different clinical trajectories after stroke
Authors: Rosso Charlotte , Belkacem Samia , Amor-Sahli Mélika , Clarençon Frédéric , Leger Anne , Baronnet Flore , Dormont Didier , Alamowitch Sonia , Lehericy Stéphane , Samson Yves
Published: June 2022

Background

Perfusion abnormalities after thrombolysis are frequent within and surrounding ischemic lesions, but their relative frequency is not well known.

Objective

To describe the different patterns of perfusion abnormalities observed at 24 hours and compare the characteristics of the patients according to their perfusion pattern.

Methods

From our thrombolysis registry, we included 226 consecutive patients with an available arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion sequence at day 1. We performed a blinded assessment of the perfusion status (hypoperfusion-h, hyperperfusion-H, or normal-N) in the ischemic lesion and in the surrounding tissue. We compared the time course of clinical recovery, the rate of arterial recanalization, and hemorrhagic transformations in the different perfusion profiles.

Results

We identified seven different perfusion profiles at day 1. Four of these (h/h, h/H, H/H, and H/N) represented the majority of the population (84.1%). The H/H profile was the most frequent (34.5%) and associated with 3-month good outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS): 63.5%). Patients with persistent hypoperfusion within and outside the lesion (h/h, 12.4%) exhibited worse outcomes after treatment (mRS score 0–2: 23.8%) than other patients, were less frequently recanalized (40.7%), and had more parenchymal hematoma (17.8%). The h/H profile had an intermediate clinical trajectory between the h/h profile and the hyperperfused profiles.

Conclusion

ASL hypoperfusion within the infarct and the surrounding tissue was associated with poor outcome. A more comprehensive view of the mechanisms in the hypoperfused surrounding tissue could help to design new therapeutic approaches during and after reperfusion therapies.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis and bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among gay and bisexual men
Authors: Hart Trevor A , Noor Syed W , Berlin Graham W , Skakoon-Sparling Shayna , Tavangar Farideh , Tan Darrell , Lambert Gilles , Grace Daniel , Lachowsky Nathan John , Jollimore Jody , Sang Jordan , Parlette Abbie , Lal Allan , Apelian Herak , Moore David , Cox Joseph
Published: June 2022

Objectives

While pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV acquisition among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM), PrEP-using GBM may be more likely to engage in sexual behaviours associated with bacterial STIs. We examined associations between PrEP use, condomless anal sex (CAS), number of anal sex partners, oral sex and bacterial STI diagnoses among GBM living in Canada’s three largest cities.

Methods

Among HIV-negative/unknown-status GBM in the baseline of the Engage cohort study, we fit a structural equation model of the associations between any PrEP use, sexual behaviours and bacterial STI diagnosis. We estimated direct and indirect paths between PrEP use and STI via CAS, number of anal sex partners and oral sex.

Results

The sample included 2007 HIV-negative/unknown status GBM in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. There was a significant direct association between PrEP use and current STI diagnosis (β=0.181; 95% CI: 0.112 to 0.247; p<0.001), CAS (β=0.275; 95% CI: 0.189 to 0.361; p<0.001) and number of anal sex partners (β=0.193; 95% CI: 0.161 to 0.225; p<0.001). In the mediated model, the direct association between PrEP use and STIs was non-significant. However, the indirect paths from PrEP to CAS to STIs (β=0.064; 95% CI: 0.025 to 0.120; p=0.008), and from PrEP to greater number of anal sex partners to CAS to STIs were significant (β=0.059; 95% CI: 0.024 to 0.108; p=0.007).

Conclusions

Our study adds to the growing awareness that PrEP use among GBM may be associated with bacterial STIs because PrEP users have more anal sex partners and are more likely to engage in CAS. The results underscore the importance of providing effective STI counselling and regular testing to PrEP users, adapting PrEP care and related STI testing to individual needs, and the need for effective prevention strategies for bacterial STIs.
PGC-1α overexpression is not sufficient to mitigate cancer cachexia in either male or female mice
Authors: Morena da Silva Francielly , Rosa-Caldwell Megan E. , Schrems Eleanor R. , Martinez Lauren , Amos Madeline G. , Lim Seongkyun , Cabrera Ana Regina , Brown Jacob L. , Washington Tyrone A. , Greene Nicholas P.
Published: June 2022

Cancer cachexia (CC) accounts for 20%–40% of cancer-related deaths. Mitochondrial aberrations have been shown to precede muscle atrophy in different atrophy models, including cancer. Therefore, this study investigated potential protection from the cachectic phenotype through overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α). First, to establish potential of mitochondria-based approaches we showed that the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTEMPO (MitoT) attenuates myotube atrophy induced by Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell conditioned media. Next, cachexia was induced in muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpressing (MCK-PCG1α) or wildtype (WT) littermate mice by LLC implantation. MCK-PCG1α did not protect LLC-induced muscle mass loss. In plantaris, Atrogin mRNA content was 6.2-fold and ∼11-fold greater in WT-LLC vs WT-phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for males and females, respectively ( p < 0.05). MitoTimer red:green ratio for male PGC was ∼65% higher than WT groups ( p < 0.05), with ∼3-fold more red puncta in LLC than PBS ( p < 0.05). Red:green ratio was ∼56% lower in females WT-LLC vs PGC-LLC ( p < 0.05). In females, no change in red puncta was noted across conditions. Lc3 mRNA content was ∼73% and 2-fold higher in male and female LLC mice, respectively, vs PBS ( p < 0.05). While MitoT could mitigate cancer-induced atrophy in vitro, PGC-1α overexpression was insufficient to protect muscle mass and mitochondrial health in vivo despite mitigation of cachexia-associated signaling pathways.
Ellis drainhole solution in Einstein-Æther gravity and the axial gravitational quasinormal modes
Authors: Lin Kai , Qian Wei-Liang
Published: June 2022

In this work, the Ellis drainhole solution is derived in Einstein-Æther gravity, and subsequently, the axial quasinormal modes of the resulting drainhole are investigated. Owing to the presence of a minimally coupled scalar field with antiorthodox coupling polarity, the resultant metric solution is featured by a throat instead of a horizon, for which static æther solution becomes feasible. Moreover, the derived master equations for the axial gravitational perturbations consist of two coupled vector degrees of freedom. By utilizing the finite difference method, the temporal profiles of the quasinormal oscillations are evaluated, and, subsequently, the complex frequencies are extracted and compared against the specific values obtained by the WKB method when the coupling is turned off. Besides, the effect of the coupling on the low-lying quasinormal spectrum is explored, and its possible physical relevance is discussed.
Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of a Multistage Planetary Gear Transmission System
Authors: Liu Suixian , Hu Aijun , Zhang Yue , Xiang Ling
Published: June 2022

A nonlinear dynamic model for a multistage planetary gear transmission system, which consists of two-stage planetary gear plus one-stage parallel shaft gear, is proposed. The time-varying meshing stiffness, comprehensive meshing errors and backlash between gear pairs are taken into account in the model, and the connections between the gear stages are characterized by coupling stiffness. The dimensionless vibration differential equations of the system are derived and solved numerically. By means of global bifurcation diagram, largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE), phase diagram and Poincaré map, the stability of the system is studied with the bifurcation parameters variation including excitation frequency and comprehensive meshing errors. The results demonstrate that the system presents strange attractors with rich forms under different parameter combinations. With the increase of the excitation frequency, the meshing state of the system changes, showing a complex motion and indicating the sensitivity of the system to external excitation. Under the variation of the bifurcation parameter of comprehensive meshing error, the complex dynamic behavior of the system is observed, it is found that the increase of comprehensive meshing error has a negative impact on the stability of the system.
Effect of Double-Frequency Excitation on a Fractional Model of Cerebral Aneurysm
Authors: Cui Zhoujin , Wang Zaihua
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the effect of double-frequency excitation on a fractional cerebral aneurysm model at the circle of Willis, where two kinds of external excitation are caused by the heart and arrhythmia respectively. Firstly, numerical analysis is performed on the proposed fractional model by using bifurcation diagrams and phase diagrams, and it is found that the periodic solution windows and chaotic solution windows switch more frequently than that resulted from single-frequency excitation, as a consequence of simultaneous resonances. Then, by using the method of multiple scales, the primary resonance response equation is obtained, and the effects of the system parameters on the amplitude of the fractional cerebral aneurysm model is analytically investigated. It is shown that double-frequency excitation changes the vibration patterns of the system under single-frequency excitation, and makes the primary resonance curve of the system deviate. Finally, the flexibility of using the amplitude-frequency equation to estimate the amplitude of the resonant solutions is verified numerically.
EXTRACTING REAL SOCIAL INTERACTIONS FROM A DEBATE OF COVID-19 POLICIES ON TWITTER: THE CASE OF MEXICO
Authors: GARCÍA-RODRÍGUEZ ALBERTO , GOVEZENSKY TZIPE , GERSHENSON CARLOS , NAUMIS GERARDO G. , BARRIO RAFAEL A.
Published: June 2022

Twitter is a popular social medium for sharing opinions and engaging in topical debates, yet presents a wide spread of misinformation, especially in political debates, from bots and adversarial attacks. The current state-of-the-art methods for detecting humans and bots in Twitter often lack generalizability beyond English. Here, a language-agnostic method to detect real users and their interactions by leveraging network topology from retweets is presented. To that end, the chosen topic is COVID-19 policies in Mexico, which has been considered by users as polemic. Two kinds of network are built: a directed network of retweets; and the co-event network, where a non-directed link between two users exists if they have retweeted the same post in a given time window (projection of a bipartite network). Then, single node properties of these networks, such as the clustering coefficient and the degree, are studied. Three kinds of users are observed: some with a high clustering coefficient but a very small degree, a second group with zero clustering coefficient and a variable degree, and a third group in which the clustering coefficient as a function of the degree decays as a power law. This third group represents ∼2% of the users and is characteristic of dynamical networks with feedback. The latter seems to represent strongly interacting followers/followed in a real social network as confirmed by an inspection of such nodes. A percolation analysis of the resulting co-retweet and co-hashtag network reveals the relevance of such weak links, typical of real social human networks. The presented methods are simple to implement in other social media platforms and can be used to mitigate misinformation and conflicts.