bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compensatory proliferation of endogenous chicken primordial germ cells after elimination by busulfan treatment
Authors: Lee Hyung Chul , Kim Sung Kyu , Park Tae Sub , Rengaraj Deivendran , Park Kyung Je , Lee Hong Jo , Park Soo Bong , Kim Sung Woo , Choi Seong Bok , Han Jae Yong
Published: November 2013

Introduction

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the major population of cells in the developing bilateral embryonic gonads. Little is known about the cellular responses of PGCs after treatment with toxic chemicals such as busulfan during embryo development. In this study, we investigated the elimination, restorative ability, and cell cycle status of endogenous chicken PGCs after busulfan treatment.

Methods

Busulfan was emulsified in sesame oil by a dispersion-emulsifying system and injected into the chick blastoderm (embryonic stage X). Subsequently, we conducted flow cytometry analysis to evaluate changes in the PGC population and cell cycle status, and immunohistochemistry to examine the germ cell proliferation.

Results

Results of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analyses after busulfan treatment showed that the proportion of male PGCs at embryonic day 9 and female PGCs at embryonic day 7 were increased by approximately 60% when compared with embryonic day 5.5. This result suggests the existence of a compensatory mechanism in PGCs in response to the cytotoxic effects of busulfan. Results of cell cycling analysis showed that the germ cells in the G0/G1 phase were significantly decreased, while S/G2/M-phase germ cells were significantly increased in the treatment group compared with the untreated control group in both 9-day-old male and female embryos. In addition, in the proliferation analysis with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, we found that the proportion of EdU-positive cells among VASA homolog-positive cells in the 9-day embryonic gonads of the busulfan-treated group was significantly higher than in the control group.

Conclusions

We conclude that PGCs enter a restoration pathway by promoting their cell cycle after experiencing a cytotoxic effect.
Simultaneous reverse time migration of primaries and free-surface related multiples without multiple prediction
Authors: Wang Yibo , Chang Xu , Hu Hao
Published: November 2013

Prestack reverse time migration (RTM) is usually regarded as an accurate imaging tool and has been widely used in exploration. Conventional RTM only uses primaries and treats free-surface related multiples as noise; however, free-surface related multiples can sometimes provide extra illumination of the subsurface, and this information could be used in migration procedures. There are many migration methods using free-surface related multiples, but most approaches need to predict multiples, which is time consuming and prone to error. We discovered a new RTM approach that uses the primaries and the free-surface related multiples simultaneously. Compared with migration methods that only use free-surface related multiples, the proposed approach can provide comparable migration results and does not need multiple predictions. In our approach, the source function in conventional RTM was replaced with recorded field data including primaries and free-surface related multiples, together with a synthetic wavelet; the back-propagated primaries in the conventional RTM were replaced with complete recorded field data. The imaging condition of the proposed approach was the same as the crosscorrelation imaging condition of conventional RTM. A three-layer velocity model with scatterers and the Sigsbee 2B synthetic data set were used for numerical experiments. The numerical results showed that the proposed approach can cover a wider range of the subsurface and provide better illumination compared with conventional RTM. The proposed approach was easy to implement and avoided tedious multiple prediction; it might be significant for general complex subsurface imaging.
Simulation of multipole acoustic logging in cracked porous formations
Authors: Chen Xue-Lian , Tang Xiao-Ming , Qian Yu-Ping
Published: November 2013

Rocks in the earth’s crust usually contain pores and cracks. We developed a cracked porous medium elastic wave theory by modifying Biot’s poroelastic wave theory to include the effects of cracks, adding the crack density and aspect ratio as two important parameters to the original theory. The new theory was applied to model multipole acoustic wave propagation along a borehole surrounded by a cracked porous formation. The modeling results showed that the multipole acoustic waveforms were significantly affected by the presence of cracks even when the formation had low permeability and porosity. Particularly, cracks can cause the monopole P- and Stoneley waves and the dipole flexural wave to have significant sensitivity to hydrocarbon saturation, suggesting use of the waveform characteristics for hydrocarbon detection in tight formations.
Gonadal Steroid Modulation of Sleep and Wakefulness in Male and Female Rats Is Sexually Differentiated and Neonatally Organized by Steroid Exposure
Authors: Cusmano Danielle M. , Hadjimarkou Maria M. , Mong Jessica A.
Published: November 2013

The paucity of clinical and preclinical studies investigating sex differences in sleep has resulted in mixed findings as to the exact nature of these differences. Although gonadal steroids are known to modulate sleep in females, less is known about males. Moreover, little evidence exists concerning the origin of these sex differences in sleep behavior. Thus, the goal of this study was to directly compare the sensitivity of sleep behavior in male and female Sprague Dawley rats to changes in the gonadal steroid milieu and to test whether the sex differences in sleep are the result of brain sexual differentiation or differences in circulating gonadal steroids. Here we report the magnitude of change in sleep behavior induced by either estradiol (E2) or testosterone (T) was greater in females compared with males, suggesting that sleep behavior in females is more sensitive to the suppressive effects of gonadal steroids. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the organizational effects of early gonadal steroid exposure result in male-like responsivity to gonadal steroids and directly alter the activity of the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO), an established sleep-promoting nucleus, in adult masculinized females. Moreover, the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone did not suppress sleep in either males or females, suggesting that the T-mediated effect in females was due to the aromatization of T into E2. Together our data suggest that, like sex behavior, sex differences in sleep follow the classical organizational/activational effects of gonadal steroids.
Role of Calcium and EPAC in Norepinephrine-Induced Ghrelin Secretion
Authors: Mani Bharath K. , Chuang Jen-Chieh , Kjalarsdottir Lilja , Sakata Ichiro , Walker Angela K. , Kuperman Anna , Osborne-Lawrence Sherri , Repa Joyce J. , Zigman Jeffrey M.
Published: November 2013

Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone secreted principally from a distinct population of gastric endocrine cells. Molecular mechanisms regulating ghrelin secretion are mostly unknown. Recently, norepinephrine (NE) was shown to enhance ghrelin release by binding to β1-adrenergic receptors on ghrelin cells. Here, we use an immortalized stomach-derived ghrelin cell line to further characterize the intracellular signaling pathways involved in NE-induced ghrelin secretion, with a focus on the roles of Ca2+ and cAMP. Several voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) family members were found by quantitative PCR to be expressed by ghrelin cells. Nifedipine, a selective L-type VGCC blocker, suppressed both basal and NE-stimulated ghrelin secretion. NE induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels both in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+. Ca2+-sensing synaptotagmins Syt7 and Syt9 were also highly expressed in ghrelin cell lines, suggesting that they too help mediate ghrelin secretion. Raising cAMP with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine also stimulated ghrelin secretion, although such a cAMP-mediated effect likely does not involve protein kinase A, given the absence of a modulatory response to a highly selective protein kinase A inhibitor. However, pharmacological inhibition of another target of cAMP, exchange protein-activated by cAMP (EPAC), did attenuate both basal and NE-induced ghrelin secretion, whereas an EPAC agonist enhanced basal ghrelin secretion. We conclude that constitutive ghrelin secretion is primarily regulated by Ca2+ influx through L-type VGCCs and that NE stimulates ghrelin secretion predominantly through release of intracellular Ca2+. Furthermore, cAMP and its downstream activation of EPAC are required for the normal ghrelin secretory response to NE.
Ubiquitination and activation of a Rab GTPase promoted by a β2-Adrenergic Receptor/HACE1 complex
Authors: Lachance Véronik , Degrandmaison Jade , Marois Sébastien , Robitaille Mélanie , Génier Samuel , Nadeau Stéphanie , Angers Stéphane , Parent Jean-Luc
Published: November 2013

We and others have shown that trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors is regulated by Rab GTPases. Cargo-mediated regulation of vesicular transport has received great attention lately. Rab GTPases, forming the largest branch of the Ras GTPase superfamily, regulate almost every step of vesicle-mediated trafficking. Rab GTPases are well-recognized targets of human diseases but their regulation and the mechanisms connecting them to cargo proteins are still poorly understood. Herein, we show by overexpression/depletion studies that HACE1, a HECT domain-containing ubiquitin ligase, promotes the recycling of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor, through a Rab11a-dependent mechanism. Interestingly, the β2AR in conjunction with HACE1 triggered ubiquitination of Rab11a, as observed by Western blot analysis. LC-MS/MS experiments determined that Rab11a is ubiquitnatied on Lys145. A Rab11a-K145R mutant failed to undergo β2AR/HACE1-induced ubiquitination and inhibited the HACE1-mediated recycling of the β2AR. Rab11a, but not Rab11a-K145R, was activated by β2AR/HACE1 indicating that ubiquitination of Lys145 is involved in Rab11a activation. β2AR/HACE1 co-expression also potentiated ubiquitination of Rab6a and Rab8a, but not of other Rab GTPases that were tested. We report a novel regulatory mechanism of Rab GTPases by their ubiquitination with associated functional effects demonstrated on Rab11a. This partakes into a new pathway whereby a cargo protein, like a G protein-coupled receptor, can regulate its own trafficking by inducing the ubiquitination and activation of a Rab GTPase.
Mitochondrial lipid transport at a glance
Authors: Scharwey Melanie , Tatsuta Takashi , Langer Thomas
Published: November 2013

Lipids are the building blocks of cellular membranes and are synthesized at distinct parts of the cell. A precise control of lipid synthesis and distribution is crucial for cell function and survival. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major lipid-synthesizing organelle. However, a subset of lipids is synthesized within mitochondria, and this aspect has become a focus of recent lipid research. Mitochondria form a dynamic membrane network that is reshaped by fusion and fission events. Their functionality therefore depends on a continuous lipid supply from the ER and the distribution of lipids between both mitochondrial membranes. The mechanisms of mitochondrial lipid trafficking are only now emerging and appear to involve membrane contact sites and lipid transfer proteins. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we will discuss recent discoveries in the field of mitochondrial lipid trafficking that build on long-standing observations and shed new light on the shuttling of membrane lipids between mitochondria and other organelles.
Epithelial-mesenchymal status influences how cells deposit fibrillin microfibrils
Authors: Baldwin Andrew K. , Cain Stuart A. , Lennon Rachel , Godwin Alan , Merry Catherine L. R. , Kielty Cay M.
Published: November 2013

We show that epithelial-mesenchymal status influences how cells deposit extracellular matrix. Retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells expressing high E-cadherin and with zona occludens (ZO)-1, β-catenin and heparan sulphate-rich cell-cell junctions, required syndecan-4 but not fibronectin or protein kinase C-α to assemble extracellular matrix (fibrillin microfibrils and perlecan). In contrast, RPE cells that strongly expressed mesenchymal smooth muscle α-actin but little ZO-1 or E-cadherin, required fibronectin (like fibroblasts) and protein kinase C-α, but not syndecan-4. Integrins α5/α8β1 and actomyosin tension were common requirements for microfibril deposition, as was heparan sulfate biosynthesis. TGFβ, which stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, altered gene expression and overcame microfibril dependency on syndecan-4 by epithelial RPE cells, whilst blocking cadherin interactions disrupted microfibrils. Renal podocytes had a transitional phenotype with pericellular β-catenin but little ZO-1; they required syndecan-4 and fibronectin for efficient microfibril deposition. Thus, epithelial-mesenchymal status modulates microfibril deposition.
Proneural proteins Achaete and Scute associate with nuclear actin to promote external sensory organ formation
Authors: Hsiao Yun-Ling , Chen Yu-Ju , Chang Yi-Jie , Yeh Hsiao-Fong , Huang Yi-Chun , Pi Haiwei
Published: November 2013

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proneural proteins promote neurogenesis through transcriptional regulation. Although much is known about the tissue-specific regulation of proneural gene expression, how proneural proteins interact with transcriptional machinery to activate downstream target genes is less clear. Drosophila proneural proteins Achaete (Ac) and Scute (Sc) induce external sensory organ formation by activating neural precursor gene expression. Through co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric analyses, we found that nuclear but not cytoplasmic actin associated with the Ac and Sc proteins in Drosophila S2 cells. Daughterless (Da), the common heterodimeric partner of Drosophila bHLH proteins, was observed to associate with nuclear actin via proneural proteins. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that the binding specificity between actin and Ac or Sc was conserved in yeast nuclei without the presence of additional Drosophila factors. We further show that actin is required in external sensory organ formation. Reduction in actin gene activity impaired proneural protein-dependent neural precursor gene expression as well as neural precursor formation. Furthermore, increased nuclear actin levels, by expression of nucleus-localized actin, elevated Ac/Da-dependent gene transcription as well as Ac-mediated external sensory organ formation. Taken together, our in vivo and in vitro observations suggest a novel link for actin in proneural protein-mediated transcriptional activation and neural precursor differentiation.
Pain modulators regulate the dynamics of PKA-RII phosphorylation in subgroups of sensory neurons
Authors: Isensee Joerg , Diskar Mandy , Waldherr Steffen , Buschow René , Hasenauer Jan , Prinz Anke , Allgöwer Frank , Herberg Friedrich W. , Hucho Tim
Published: November 2013

Knowledge about the molecular structure of PKA isoforms is substantial. In contrast, the dynamics of PKA isoform activity in living primary cells has not been investigated in detail. Using a High Content Screening microscopy approach, we identified the RIIβ subunit of PKA-II to be predominantly expressed in a subgroup of sensory neurons. The RIIβ-positive subgroup included most neurons expressing nociceptive markers (TRPV1, NaV1.8, CGRP, IB4) and responded to pain eliciting capsaicin with calcium influx. Isoform-specific PKA reporters showed in sensory neuron-derived F11 cells that the inflammatory mediator PGE2 specifically activated PKA-II but not PKA-I. Accordingly, pain sensitizing inflammatory mediators and activators of PKA increased the phosphorylation of RII subunits (pRII) in subgroups of primary sensory neurons. Detailed analyses revealed basal pRII to be regulated by the phosphatase PP2A. Increase of pRII was followed by phosphorylation of CREB in a PKA-dependent manner. Thus, we propose RII phosphorylation to represent an isoform-specific readout for endogenous PKA-II activity in vivo, suggest RIIβ as a novel nociceptive subgroup marker, and extend the current model of PKA-II activation by introducing a PP2A-dependent basal state.
Golgi enlargement in Arf-depleted yeast cells is due to altered dynamics of cisternal maturation
Authors: Bhave Madhura , Papanikou Effrosyni , Iyer Prasanna , Pandya Koushal , Jain Bhawik Kumar , Ganguly Abira , Sharma Chandrakala , Pawar Ketakee , Austin Jotham , Day Kasey J. , Rossanese Olivia W. , Glick Benjamin S. , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu
Published: November 2013

Regulation of the size and abundance of membrane compartments is a fundamental cellular activity. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, disruption of the ARF1 gene yields larger and fewer Golgi cisternae by partially depleting the Arf GTPase. We observe a similar phenotype with a thermosensitive mutation in Nmt1, which myristoylates and activates Arf. Therefore, partial depletion of Arf is a convenient tool for dissecting mechanisms that regulate Golgi structure. We find that in arf1Δ cells, late Golgi structure is particularly abnormal, with the number of late Golgi cisternae being severely reduced. This effect can be explained by selective changes in cisternal maturation kinetics. The arf1Δ mutation causes early Golgi cisternae to mature more slowly and less frequently, but does not alter the maturation of late Golgi cisternae. These changes quantitatively explain why late Golgi cisternae are fewer in number and correspondingly larger. With a stacked Golgi, similar changes in maturation kinetics could be used by the cell to modulate the number of cisternae per stack. Thus, the rates of processes that transform a maturing compartment can determine compartmental size and copy number.
Factors motivating the choice of teaching as a career among student teachers and first-year teachers
Authors: Voltri Olivia , Luik Piret , Taimalu Merle
Published: November 2013

Käesoleva uurimuse eesmärk on võrrelda õpetajakoolituse praktikantide ja kutseaastal olevate õpetajate kutsevalikut mõjutavaid motivatsioonitegureid. Kahel aastal (2010, 2012) korraldati uuring, kus kasutati adapteeritud FIT-Choice’i skaala varianti. Uuringus osales 396 vastajat Tartu ja Tallinna Ülikoolist (neist 189 õpetajakoolituse praktikanti, 207 kutseaastal olevat õpetajat).
Uuriva faktoranalüüsi tulemusena eristus nii õpetajakoolituse praktikantide kui ka kutseaastal olevate õpetajate kutsevaliku motiivide puhul viiefaktoriline struktuur ning kutsevalikuga rahulolu ja õpetajatööst ettekujutuse puhul kolmefaktoriline struktuur. Võrreldes õpetajakoolituse praktikantide ja kutseaastal olevate õpetajate kutsevaliku motiive t-testi alusel, leiti, et kutseaastal olevad õpetajad andsid faktoritele Sisemine motivatsioon ja tajutud õpetamisoskused ning Väline motivatsioon ja töö sobivus eraeluga oluliselt kõrgemad hinnangud kui õpetajakoolituse praktikandid. Mõlemad grupid olid kõige kõrgema hinnangu andnud faktorile Sisemine motivatsioon ja tajutud õpetamisoskused ning kõige madalama faktorile Oluliste inimeste mõju. Lisaks andsid kutseaastal olevad õpetajad faktorile Rahulolu kutsevalikuga oluliselt kõrgema hinnangu kui õpetajakoolituse praktikandid. Kahe grupi vahel ilmnesid erinevused ka kutsevalikuga rahulolu ja õpetajatööst ettekujutuse alaploki põhitegurites.
Summary
Concepts of learning and knowledge among first year students in Estonia
Authors: Pilli Einike , Sammul Marek , Post Piia , Aasjõe Ülle , Kruusamäe Karl
Published: November 2013

Mitmed üliõpilaste seas läbi viidud uuringud näitavad seost epistemoloogiliste uskumuste ehk teadmuskäsituse ja õpikäsituse vahel. Need uskumused ise aga tingivad selle, kuidas üliõpilased võtavad vastu erinevaid õppejõu tegevusi ja kuidas nad õpivad. Viimasel ajal levivad ka Eestis üha enam aktiivõppe meetodid, mis eeldavad üliõpilastelt teistsugust valmisolekut kui passiivne loengu vormis õppimine. Käesoleva töö eesmärk oligi kirjeldada, millised on Eesti esimese kursuse üliõpilaste epistemoloogilised uskumused ja õpikäsitus ning kuidas need mõjutavad üliõpilaste õpieelistusi. Lähtuti hüpoteesist, et Eesti esmakursuslased on pigem passiivsed, fikseeritud laadi epistemoloogiliste uskumustega ning ootavad õppejõult kui autoriteedilt nn valmisteadmisi. Seetõttu eelistavad nad töötada pigem üksi, mitte rühmas.
Uurimuse hüpotees leidis üldjoontes kinnitust. Enamik uuritud esimese kursuse üliõpilastest käsitab teadmist oskuse või kogemusena. Õppimine on uute teadmiste omandamine õppejõult, kaaslastel on eelkõige vaid motiveeriv roll. Esmakursuslased eelistavad õppejõudu, kes on autoriteet ja ekspert, mistõttu oodatakse, et õppejõud tooks elulisi näiteid ja selgitaks õpitavat samm-sammult. Suur osa küsimustiku täitnud üliõpilastest on pindmise õpihoiakuga: nad mõistavad teadmist eelkõige fakti, kogemuse või oskusena ja eelistavad õppida üksi. Samal ajal on neil pluralistlikku laadi epistemoloogilised uskumused. Uuringust selgus ka, et sügava õpihoiakuga üliõpilased näevad õppimist protsessina ning teadmisi sealjuures ajas muutuvate ja arenevatena.
Ainsaks kõrvalekaldeks esialgsest hüpoteesist olid üliõpilaste valdavalt pluralistlikud epistemoloogilised uskumused, mis võivad viidata ühiskonnas üldiselt levivale arusaamale, et pole ühtset tõde, vaid on palju tõlgendusi.
Summary
POSTGRADUATE STUDY OF PROFESSIONAL PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION: THE GENERAL AND THE UNIQUE
Authors: Горбунова  , Gorbunova L.
Published: November 2013

The experience related to creation of postgraduate study in Academy of education workers’ upgrade qualifi cations and professional retraining, which last academic year celebrated its twentieth anniversary, is revealed in this paper. The reasonable statement that the postgraduate study created on the basis of additional professional pedagogical education institution, has specifics which needs to be considered at design of content, technologies and organizational forms of educational process, including in the conditions of existing Federal State Requirements is (FSR) submitted.
The Letter and the Spirit of the Russian Constitution: 20 Years' Experience of Harmonization in the Light of Constitutional Justice
Authors: Бондарь Николай , Bondar Nikolay
Published: November 2013

Based on 20-­year­-old experience of the constitutional development of Russia and the generalization of practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the article there revealed the interrelation between external, formal-­legal and internal, sacred principles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 and its spirit. In accordance with the methodology of world outlook and legal pluralism, a combination of legal positivism and natural law in the Constitution, and with regard to the legal and doctrinal nature of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, there revealed the role of constitutional justice as an institution of social and cultural harmonization of its letter and spirit, the formation of a «live» (court) constitutionalism.
On the Constitutionality of Extrajudicial Subjection of Workers to Material Liability
Authors: Сагандыков Михаил , Sagandykov Mikhail
Published: November 2013

Article contains the analysis of problems connected with procedure of compensation of damages, which the employee caused to the employer. The question of the constitutionality of the procedure of compensation of damages by the employer irrespective of a consent of the employee is considered. The employee needs to give more possibilities for the protection of constitutional rights when damage is compensated extrajudicially.
Institutions of Interaction of Federation and States in Australia
Authors: Чурсина Татьяна , Chursina Tatyana
Published: November 2013

This paper investigates the basis for interaction between Australian Commonwealth and states, identifies its characteristics and optimal instruments for its establishment. Collaborative actions of states in settlement of issues has led to the consolidation of a specific form of federal relations in the Commonwealth of Australia — «cooperative federalism».
On the Right of Persons, Which Did not Participate in a Case, to Cassation Appeal
Authors: Ковтков Дмитрий , Kovtkov Dmitriy
Published: November 2013

In article analyzes and discusses controversial issues related to the right to appeal in cassation court the judicial decisions by persons who did not participate in the court case, but the rights have been violated a judicial acts.
Reduction of Forfeit by a Court: Notion and Meaning
Authors: Бондаренко Наталья , Bondarenko Natalya
Published: November 2013

The penalty is one of the most demanded ways of providing performance of obligations. Сivil Сode of Republic of Belarus allows possibility of penalty reduction if it is obviously disproportionate to consequences of violation of the obligation. The legislation doesn’t contain the list of the bases and limits of decrease in a penalty, and law­enforcement practice doesn’t differ uniformity. Proving expediency of preservation of norm about the right of court to decrease in a penalty, the author gives reason for need of its adjustment.
Features of Administrative Procedural Legal Personality
Authors: Муза Олег , Muza Oleg
Published: November 2013

The theoretical essence of the administrative process legal personality, the concepts of administrative capacity and capability are analysed, the legal status of the subjects of administrative law in the administrative legal process relations is grounded.
EFFECTIVE USE OF CORPORATE HUMAN CAPITAL
Authors: Лукьянчикова  , Lukyanchikova T. , Семенова  , Syemyenova Yelyena , Кучерук  , Kucheruk D.
Published: November 2013

The corporate human capital and its main points are considered. Major

kinds of human capital of an enterprise are outlined and described. How

much each kind of human capital contributes to the total performance

results of an enterprise is analyzed.
Global English as a mean of intercultural communication and its influence on the development of multilingual education in Europe
Authors: Першукова  , Pershukova Oksana
Published: November 2013

The article deals with the analysis of the important scientific papers on the problems of multilingualism in Europe from the point of view of the impact of globalization of English as a means of intercultural communication. The author gives an analysis of the factors of globalization processes that actualize the problem of development and determine the characteristics of the modern multilingual education.
Communicative aspects of holdings activities
Authors: Бухарина  , Bukharina Inessa
Published: November 2013

In article considers communicative aspects in view of specifics of production of holdings. The author’s research is based on the well-known communication models worked out by P. Lazersfeld and G. Lassuela's. Convergent edition of information holding «OTV» Chelyabinsk and corporate communications of resource holding «Chelyabenergo» are used as objects of research. The author shows the specifics of holding communications that provides for achieving higher efficiency.
Theoretical and legal problems of dynamics of changes of the civil law
Authors: Писарев Георгий , Pisarev Georgiy
Published: November 2013

The ongoing reform in the Russian civil legislation is estimated by the author considering theoretical developments on the forms of institutional change. On the example of the influence of new legislation on property relations, in this article we prove the absence of a key element for this type of transformation. Reform of the civil law has no common strategic goals in the entire legal system. The absence of one time and system change of regulation not only in the sphere of civil law, but also in the land, administrative and other industries could have a negative impact on the efficiency of transformation.
Fraudulent Trading and the Protection of Company Creditors: The Current Trend in Company Legislation and Judicial Attitude
Authors: Nwafor Anthony O.
Published: November 2013

Directors owe their duties primarily to the company. Those duties shift to the creditors whenever the company is in dire financial straits. The directors are required in such a situation to ensure that the affairs of the company are conducted in such a manner as would not put in jeopardy the recovery by the creditors of debts owed to them by the company. Company statutes in different jurisdictions seek to ensure that the directors adhere to this principle by making provisions against fraudulent trading. The difficulties associated with the proof of various elements of the offence as provided in the statutes have compelled the Parliament in some jurisdictions to incorporate a civil element into the apparently criminal provisions with a view to easing the burden of proof and invariably the punishment for the offence of fraudulent trading. The courts' interpretations of the various criminal elements of the provisions and other developments of the law in different jurisdictions, especially in the United Kingdom, South Africa and Lesotho, are examined with a view to ascertaining how best those provisions could be employed to afford adequate protection to the creditors in the modern corporate world.
Using International Law in Hong Kong Courts: An Examination of Non-Refoulement Litigation
Authors: Ramsden Michael
Published: November 2013

Hong Kong provides an interesting case study on the increasingly dynamic interaction between international law and domestic public law regimes. In a trilogy of cases, the Hong Kong courts have examined the domestic application of the international law of non-refoulement. These decisions addressed the potential influence of international law on constitutional rights, statutory interpretation, principles of judicial review, as well as the scope of the common law doctrine of incorporation. Having regard to common law dualist principles and Hong Kong constitutional law, this paper critically assesses the judicial use of international law in fashioning a domestic law duty of non-refoulement.
Are Latina Women Ambivalent About Pregnancies They Are Trying to Prevent? Evidence from the Border Contraceptive Access Study
Authors: Aiken Abigail R. A. , Potter Joseph E.
Published: November 2013

Context

Women's retrospective reports of their feelings about a pregnancy and of its intendedness are often inconsistent, particularly among Latinas. Interpretation of this incongruence as ambivalence overlooks the possibility that happiness about the prospect of pregnancy and desire to prevent pregnancy need not be mutually exclusive.

Methods

Data from the 2006–2008 Border Contraceptive Access Study—a prospective study of 956 Latina oral contraceptive users aged 18–44 in El Paso, Texas—were used to compare women's planned pill use and childbearing intentions with their feelings about a possible pregnancy. Associations between women's feelings and their perceptions of their partner's feelings were examined using logistic regression. Prospective and retrospective intentions and feelings were compared among women who became pregnant during the study.

Results

Forty‐one percent of women who planned to use the pill for at least another year and 34% of those who wanted no more children said they would feel very or somewhat happy about becoming pregnant in the next three months. Perceiving that a male partner would feel very upset about a pregnancy was negatively associated with happiness about the pregnancy among both women who planned to continue pill use and those who wanted no more children (coefficients, –4.4 and −3.9, respectively). Of the 36 women who became pregnant during the study, 24 reported feeling very happy about the pregnancy in retrospect, while only 14 had prospectively reported feeling happy about a possible pregnancy.

Conclusion

Intentions and happiness appear to be distinct concepts for this sample of Latina women.
Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal course of a giant abdominal aortic aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Carver Alissa R. , Aly Ashraf M. , Munn Mary B.
Published: November 2013

Congenital abdominal aortic aneurysms are rare but have chronic and life-threatening sequelae including hypertension, thromboses, and death. A fetal ultrasound at 27 weeks’ gestation diagnosed a giant abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient delivered at another tertiary care center where pediatric cardiovascular surgery care was available. Her term 3096-g female infant developed hypertension, biventricular hypertrophy, and right kidney ischemia. She underwent surgical repair at 2 months of life but subsequently lost all residual renal function and was not a candidate for dialysis. Support was withdrawn and she expired. Although isolated fetal AAA is rare, prenatal diagnosis is feasible and facilitates early referral for multi-disciplinary postnatal care. Outcome depends on the size and location of the aneurysm as well as on peri-operative complications.
Semiperfect and coreflexive coalgebras
Authors: Dăscălescu Sorin , Iovanov Miodrag C.
Published: November 2013

We study non-counital coalgebras and their dual non-unital
algebras, and introduce the finite dual of a non-unital algebra.
We show that a theory that parallels in good part the duality in
the unital case can be constructed. Using this, we introduce a new
notion of left coreflexivity for counital coalgebras, namely, a
coalgebra is left coreflexive if C is isomorphic canonically to
the finite dual of its left rational dual

Rat

(

C
*

C
*

)

${{\rm Rat}(_{C^*}C^*)}$

. We
show that right semiperfectness for coalgebras is in fact
essentially equivalent to this left reflexivity condition, and we
give the connection to usual coreflexivity. As application, we
give a generalization of some recent results connecting dual
objects such as quiver or incidence algebras and coalgebras, and
show that Hopf algebras with non-zero integrals (compact quantum groups) are coreflexive.
Approximations to the Karcher mean on Hadamard spaces via geometric power means
Authors: Lim Yongdo , Pálfia Miklós
Published: November 2013

In this paper we establish a limit theorem for
contractive means on a Hadamard space. For a contractive mean
satisfying an extended metric inequality, the corresponding
geometric power means varying over

t
∈
(
0
,
1
]

${t\in (0,1]}$

converge to the
Karcher mean (center of gravity or Cartan mean) as

t
→

0
+

.

${t\rightarrow 0^{+}.}$

This provides not only a deterministic approach to the Karcher
mean, but also
a simple proof of some important
properties of the Karcher mean, which have been established by Sturm
using probabilistic methods on the metric structure of Hadamard
spaces. We obtain further new results for the Karcher mean via this
deterministic
method, especially we derive a characteristic property of the Karcher mean and effective and explicit
upper bounds for distances between Karcher means.
Integrated lipase-catalyzed isoamyl acetate synthesis in a miniaturized system with enzyme and ionic liquid recycle
Authors: Novak Uroš , Žnidaršič-Plazl Polona
Published: November 2013

Isoamyl acetate synthesis employing aqueous Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) solution was performed in a two-phase solvent system comprising hydrophilic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium dicyanamide and n-heptane. An X-junction glass microfluidic chip was used to obtain uniform microdroplets of n-heptane within a continuous phase of ionic liquid with dissolved enzyme and reactants, namely, isoamyl alcohol and acetic anhydride. A developed flow pattern resulted in a very large specific interfacial area for the reaction with amphiphilic CaLB and simultaneous extraction of isoamyl acetate in n-heptane. Biotransformation was performed within a continuously operated microfluidic system consisting of an X-junction chip and a silanized tube of a submillimeter diameter, which was further integrated with a microseparator based on a hydrophobic membrane. Efficient separation of n-heptane with product from ionic liquid phase containing enzyme and remaining substrates and products was achieved, enabling reuse of CaLB together with ionic liquid phase. More than 80% of productivity was preserved in each of the eight consecutive biotransformations within the integrated microfluidic system with reused lipase B in the ionic liquid phase. Subsequent ionic liquid regeneration accomplished by vacuum distillation enabled efficient reuse of this solvent in esterification with fresh enzyme.
NADH oxidation in a microreactor catalysed by ADH immobilised on γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Šalić Anita , Pindrić Katarina , Podrepšek Gordana Hojnik , Leitgeb Maja , Zelić Bruno
Published: November 2013

A new concept of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH) oxidation which combines advantages of the microreactor technology with the advantages of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) application is developed. Acetaldehyde was used as a substrate for the NADH regeneration process while the reaction was performed in a batch reactor and in a microreactor using alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-loaded MNPs. Three different microreactor systems with MNPs were studied, two with stationary MNPs trapped on the inner surface of microchannel by permanent magnetic field and one where the MNPs actively moved across the channel (movement inside microchannel allowed by an oscillating magnetic field). In a reactor system with an oscillating magnetic field and an actively moving ADH-loaded MNPs 100% NADH conversion was achieved for residence time of just 2 min.
Microfluidic dispersion of mineral oil-seawater multiphase flows in the presence of dialkyl sulfonates, polysorbates, and glycols
Authors: Hu Chuntian , Herz Carina , Hartman Ryan L.
Published: November 2013

The role of dispersants on hydrocarbon phase behavior in seawater is an important problem that influences marine environment ecology. Offshore petroleum and natural gas catastrophes, such as the Deepwater Horizon spill of 2010, motive the need to understand how to minimize the introduction of potentially invasive compounds while maximizing their efficacy during emergency remediation. The microfluidic stabilities of mineral oil-seawater multiphase flows in the presence of model dispersants were studied for We<1. Introducing dispersants at varying dimensionless volumetric injection rates, ranging from 0.001 to 0.01, transitions from stable slug flow to the bubbly regime. Dimensionless mass ratios of three model dispersants to the mineral oil necessary to establish emulsions were estimated from 2.6×10-3 to 7.7×10-3. Residence time distributions of seawater single-phase and mineral oil-seawater multiphase flows, laden with dispersants, were also investigated. Increasing the dimensionless dispersant injection rate from 0 to 0.01 was observed to increase convective dispersion, which was confirmed by estimations of the vessel dispersion number and the Bodenstein number. The observations undergird that microfluidics are useful laboratory techniques to identify the transition to bubbly flow where bacteria consumption rates could potentially be enhanced, while minimizing the dispersant mass introduced into calm-sea marine environments.
Multiphase biotransformations in microstructured reactors: opportunities for biocatalytic process intensification and smart flow processing
Authors: Bolivar Juan M. , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: November 2013

Enzymes are gaining increased importance as highly selective catalysts for green chemical synthesis. Multiphase microreaction systems are emerging tools for the development of enzyme-catalysed transformations involving two or more partly immiscible fluids in continuous flow. Mass transfer intensification due to miniaturisation of the flow dimensions and the associated enlargement of the interfacial area presents a powerful approach of effective reaction rate enhancement and thus reactor productivity increase for smart flow bioprocessing. Use of microstructured flow reactors for the study of multiphase (gas-liquid, liquid-liquid) biocatalytic conversions is reviewed. Multiphase flow characterisation based on dimensionless scaling parameters and flow-regime categorisation is presented with emphasis on the different flows applied to experimental studies of enzymatic reactions. Development of instrumented microsystems, flow instabilities, fast inactivation of biocatalysts and low conversion rates are problems often encountered with biotransformation under multiphase flow conditions. Key parameters controlling reaction performance are discussed along with some guidelines for design of scalable multiphase biocatalytic microreactors. Opportunities for biocatalytic process intensification are revealed in examples from fine chemical and materials synthesis.
Failure of a Pendent Reheater Tube in a 110 MW Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Saha Atanu , Roy H. , Shukla A.K.
Published: November 2013

This investigation was conducted to examine the probable cause of failure of one pendent reheater tube of a 110 MW thermal power plant. Preliminary macroscopic examinations along with visual examination, dimensional measurement, chemical analysis, evaluation of mechanical properties, oxide scale thickness measurement were carried out to predict the probable cause/causes of failure. In addition, optical microscopy was a necessary supplement to understand the reason for the failure. It was concluded that due to progressive erosion caused by the high velocity flue gas streams on the fire side wall, the tube had thinned down and could not cope the prevailing working stress. As a result, the affected areas of the tube suffered plastic deformation. Apart from that, formation of micro creep cavities due to rise in tube metal temperature (on the steam side) at localized places led to initiation of minor cracks before culminating to final rupture. The final failure is due to both these mechanisms occurring simultaneously.
Reaction Kinetics of Fe2O3 and BaCO3 to Prepare Ba2Fe2O5
Authors: Liu Jun-Hao , Zhang Guo-Hua , Chou Kuo-Chih
Published: November 2013

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and substantially affects the global warming and climate change, so study on the adsorption of carbon dioxide is very urgent. As a new CO2 captor, Ba2Fe2O5 was prepared by the solid state reaction of Fe2O3 with BaCO3, following formula Fe2O3 + 2BaCO3 = Ba2Fe2O5 + 2CO2. The reaction kinetics in isothermal condition was investigated by using the method of thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA). It was found that the reaction of Fe2O3 with BaCO3 was controlled by the diffusion step in the product layer, and the kinetics process could be described by the RPP model (Real Physical Picture) with the apparent activation energy extracted to be 161.122 kJ/mol.
Plastic deformation mechanisms in nanocrystalline metallic materials
Authors: Ovid’ko Ilya A.
Published: November 2013

This article discusses the experiments, computer simulations, and theoretical models addressing the conventional and specific mechanisms of plastic deformation in nanocrystalline metallic materials. Particular attention is devoted to the competition between lattice dislocation slip and specific deformation mechanisms mediated by grain boundaries as well as its sensitivity to grain size and other parameters of nanocrystalline metallic structures.
Im Spannungsfeld von Semantik und Pragmatik: Zur Bedeutungskonstitution von Einstellungsadverbialen
Authors: Buscher Frauke
Published: November 2013

Mental attitude adverbials (absichtlich ‚intentionally‘, freiwillig
‚voluntarily‘, etc.) are generally considered to be a homogeneous class of adverbials,
the interpretation of which is regulated via the principle of compositionality. I challenge this view, proposing instead
that the class of mental attitude adverbials is systematically divided into two subtypes, which I call
Assimilative Adverbials (A-Adverbials) and Intentional Adverbials (I-Adverbials).
In support of this proposal I present evidence that they differ in two ways: (i) They select different arguments: A-Adverbials
require an agent, I-Adverbials require an initiator. I discuss additional restrictions on their interpretation and formulate lexical
entries for each subtype. (ii) The two types provide different interpretation options: While A-Adverbials
adhere strictly to the principle of compositionality, I-Adverbials allow pragmatically driven coercion. On the basis of this
case study of mental attitude adverbials, I take a close look at the capabilities of and constraints on coercion.

With this in mind, I examine the relation between the semantics and pragmatics of mental attitude adverbials in more detail.
I show that particular grammatical restrictions on them also hold true under coercion, so that they continue to
regulate and to restrict interpretation in these cases. Here admittedly, in contrast to compositional interpretation, the grammatical
restrictions can be implemented more flexibly, i.e., they can be fulfilled at the conceptual level. This explains why coercion is limited
to I-Adverbials: In the case of coercion, the conceptual structures of A-Adverbials do not satisfy these
grammatical restrictions on their interpretation.
A cognitivist semantics of gradation
Authors: Carstensen Kai-Uwe
Published: November 2013

Scalar approaches to the semantics of gradation are generally based on the conception of degrees
as either points or intervals. In this paper, I will review two prominent approaches which use intervals
differently for modelling the polarity of adjectives. For a relevant subset of gradation phenomena, I will
discuss several problems of these approaches and will develop a new proposal which is characterized
by the assumption that for an attention-based, cognitivist semantics of gradation, both conceptions of
degree are needed for a satisfactory solution of the problems.
„Weil-V2“-Sätze und (k)ein Ende? Anmerkungen zur Analyse von Antomo & Steinbach (2010)
Authors: Reis Marga
Published: November 2013

In this paper I take issue with Antomo & Steinbach’s (2010) analysis of so-called weil-V2 clauses,
by which the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties distinguishing them from integrated verb-final
weil-clauses are claimed to all follow from two central factors: (i) parataxis triggering prosodic
desintegration, (ii) V2-order triggering assertional force potential. Support for this analysis is sought in a close comparison
of weil-V2 clauses with V2 complement and relative clauses, which is claimed to reveal pertinent functional
and structural parallels. – In arguing against this analysis, I show, first, that the assertional status of the weil-V2
clause is triggered solely by the semantics of weil in combination with true main clause status, hence V2 as
such plays no role; second, that the argument from subordinate V2-cases fails as well; third, that the broader interpretational
range of weil-V2 clauses is completely shared by unintegrated verb-final weil-clauses; hence
this difference to integrated verb-final weil-clauses cannot be due to ±parataxis and/or ±V2, but only to ±syntactic
desintegration and/or ±root status. In concluding, I summarize the central factors an alternative compositional analysis of
weil-V2 clauses could be based on, and sketch two problems remaining for either analysis.