bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) Model to Quantitative Water Balance Modelling in the Upper Hron River Basin (Slovakia)
Authors: Kandera Miroslav , Výleta Roman
Published: December 2020

The assessment of water resources and the availability of water in a river basin is one of the main tasks enabling efficient water management. Recent developments in the computer industry and information technology allow us to create powerful computer systems for solving water management balances. Their advantage is in their ability to solve variations with the help of computers, both in the sources and in the water requirements. In Slovakia, at present, the individual elements of the water management balance are divided and evaluated separately, i.e., into the surface and groundwater, and these are further divided into a quantitative and a qualitative component. The paper aims to model the retrospective quantitative water management balance of surface waters using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) simulation balance software. The water management balance of surface waters is evaluated in a monthly time step in selected profiles in the Hron River basin for the period 2010 - 2015. The data input to the model were flows, abstractions, discharges, and manipulations of reservoirs. The paper is focused on the functionality of the WEAP simulation model with respect to the implementation of the current methodology of water management balances in Slovakia, both in terms of the details of the information input and their amount and also in the time required for their preparation and compatibility. We show that the software does not require very detailed input data and offers an integrated approach to solving various problems in the management of water resources. The WEAP software has a user-friendly graphic user interface (GUI) that provides the ability to present and interpret results in the form of tables and graphs. Its application in a selected pilot river basin showed that it could be an easy-to-use model building tool for optimal and successful development, planning and forecasting in water management and the knowledge of water redistribution in space and over time in Slovakia.
Utilization of Energy By-Products for Ground Structures in Terms of Production Process
Authors: Cernoch Petr , Kostal Jiri
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the utilization of energy by-product (EBP) for further processing. The suitability of EBP for ground structures significantly depends on its production process. Its properties are influenced by brown coal flotation and by the usage of desulphurization methods. A comparison of physical-mechanical properties of different types of EBPs was performed. The main goal was to compile an apparent table of utilization and suitability of EBP for ground structures - road earth bodies, dams, and embankments according to the process of their formation.
Noise in the Mining Work Environment - Causes, Effects and Threats
Authors: Mocek Piotr
Published: December 2020

According to the reports, the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, millions of employees in Europe are exposed daily to industrial noise and all risks associated with it. About 7% of employees suffer from a hearing problem and noise-induced hearing damage is the most common occupational disease in Europe because it accounts for about one-third of all work-related diseases and is more common than skin and respiratory diseases. The industries with the highest noise emissions in the work environment include heavy industry, mining and construction, although the noise is also increasingly appearing in other sectors of the economy. The research issues discussed in the article introduce the issue of noise in the mining work environment of Polish hard coal mines and identify its causes, effects and threats. The article presents the results of hearing screening tests conducted in 2019 using the Mobile Hearing Diagnosis Center among over 3,000 employees of 37 hard coal mines located in the Slaskie and Malopolskie voivodships and describes the effects of exposure to noise among employees. The article also identifies noise sources and presents the level of their emissions in connection with the operation of machinery and equipment used in Polish hard coal mining. The obtained results of the measurement of the sound intensity of mining machines and devices point to repeatedly exceeding the permissible hygienic standards of Polish and European noise emission. The results of the research presented in the article indicate the urgent need to take action to constantly control the noise level at the workplace and introduce solutions that will enable its reduction and allow better protection of employees against its disastrous consequences. The article is an interesting case study of research conducted in a natural industrial environment that allows you to start a broad discussion on harmful factors in the work environment and look for solutions that increase the level of employee safety during work.
Panchina Calcarenite: A Building Material from Tuscany Coast
Authors: Aquino Andrea , Pagnotta Stefano , Polese Simone , Tamponi Marco , Lezzerini Marco
Published: December 2020

The “Panchina” calcarenite widely outcrops along the Tuscan coastline from Livorno to Baratti (western Tuscany). It is a stone, highly porous with medium sized grains rich in organogenic carbonate fragments, mainly consisting in shells of bivalves, gastropods, and echinoderms visible to the naked eye or by using a lens. In the framework of the ongoing research on the building stones and mortars used throughout the Middle Ages in and surrounding the Pisa’s city (western Tuscany), this study focuses on the determination of the main physical and mechanical properties of “Panchina” stone samples from Livorno coast (Tuscany, Italy). The “Panchina” stone is no longer quarried and data is collected from unweathered rocks sampled from currently accessible outcrops. The data collected on twenty-eight samples from six outcrops of the Tuscan coast showed that the analysed specimens are made up of abundant calcite, subordinate quartz and feldspars, and traces of phyllosilicates. The analysed samples are characterized by medium-high porosity, highly variable water absorption by both capillarity and total immersion at atmospheric pressure, low uniaxial compressive resistance. Thanks to the good physical and mechanical properties that characterize the stone, the “Panchina” calcarenite is easy to work and extensively used in the necropolis of the Gulf of Baratti since Etruscan times and, in medieval times, in various public and religious buildings in the city of Pisa.
Automatic control of roadheader cutting head speed and load torque
Authors: Heyduk Adam , Joostberens Jaroslaw
Published: December 2020

Roadheaders are nowadays using both in mining engineering and in civil engineering (tunnelling). They often operate in hard rocks, so it is very important to optimize their performance by the full use of their power in different operating conditions. The coal seams are opened deeper and due to rock compactness and their uniaxial stress compression there increases serious problems with power demand and machine wear. The angular speed of cutting head should be adjusted to the rock hardness (the harder is the rock, the lower should be the speed) Nowadays, most of the produced roadheaders have constant speed driven cutting heads. In these cases, sometimes the rock cutting process is performed in conditions far from optimum. The paper presents a concept of the cutting head speed control system and selected results of research performed on laboratory stand equipped with a special R-130 roadheader with an inverter-fed cutting head drive. The closed-loop speed control is accomplished with a PI-controller. Optimum settings of this controller have been calculated using the model in the loop simulation and ITAE (Integral of Time multiplied by an Absolute value of Error) criterion. This criterion is widely used in electric drive technology. The application of the ITAE criterion for the selection of PI controller parameters usually provides a short settling time and an acceptable overshoot value. Results of the experiment show that the system is capable to maintain demanded speed and to follow commands from the master load controller. The drive operation parameters (motor power utilization and frequency of momentary overloads) are much better with automatic control of inverter frequency than with constant frequency drive operation. It should result in lowering power consumption and knife wear intensity.
Soil Remediation Strategies based on Risk Assessment Approach
Authors: Madear Camelia , Dunca Emilia-Cornelia , Madear Gelu
Published: December 2020

Anthropic activities are characterised by benefits and drawbacks for the human being and the environment. In the last few centuries of the humankind, the industrial activity has increased exponentially due to massive industrialisation process. This evolution has augmented the use of land for industrial purposes, which in turn affected the quality of soil by polluting it with high levels of chemical contaminants. On the other hand, intensive agricultural activities involve the use of pesticides and fertilisers, which at the end of the day, also contribute to the contamination of the agricultural land. Soil may be contaminated as well by accidents which occur due to human activity. The land quality is essential to preserve the environment, and it is required to maintain the level of pollution within legal limits. If contaminant levels are above the legal limits, then a soil remediation action plan should take place. Very high costs are usually associated with soil remediation, and the best strategies should be adopted to optimise resources and costs. A methodology to derive remedial targets has been successfully used in the USA and adopted and adapted in various countries inclusive in the EU. Currently, Romania has started to follow specific steps to align with international practices regarding the management of contaminated land. Although this methodology is extensively used in western countries, its application in Romania is in its inception phase. Therefore, this paper intends to present the current situation in Romania regarding the contaminated sites and potentially contaminated sites, the risk assessment approach that should be followed and the related soil remediation strategies that could be implemented.
Experimental Study of the Shock Wave Attenuation in the Water Mist with Air Gaps
Authors: Mataradze Edgar , Chikhradze Mikheil , Tavlalashvili Karlo , Akhvlediani Irakli , Bochorishvili Nika , Tatishvili Dimitri , Malvenishvili Zurab
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to propose ways for enhancing the effect of attenuating shock waves in the water mist. The fulfillment of this task can significantly contribute to the perfection of technologies for protecting from accidental explosions and the design of protective facilities. A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of air gaps on shock wave attenuation in the water mist. A shock tube with hydraulic equipment capable of producing a 3-meter long dispersed water barrier with droplets ranging from 25 to 400 microns and total flow rate 14.5 l/s within a tube was used during testing. The paper analyzes shock wave attenuation within a tube in the water mist with and without air gaps. It has been established that in conditions when a 3-meter long water mist contains four air gaps, every 20 centimeters in width, overpressure reduction coefficient is 1.10-1.15 times higher than the one in the water mist without air gaps.
Magnetometric and electrometric investigations in the Beroe submerged archaeologic site
Authors: Sorin Anghel
Published: December 2020

In ancient times, Dobrogea was known as Schythia Minor or Mikra Skythia. In the Ist century BC, the respective territory was under the influence of the Pontic kingdom of Mithridate the VIth Eupator. From 28 BC it was integrated in the Roman province of Moesia Inferior by Emperor Augustus. Most Roman-Byzantine fortresses have been established by the Romans on the site of former Getic settlements: Tropaeum Traiani, Capidava, Carsium, Beroe, Troesmis, Arrubium, Dinogetia, Noviodunum, Ibida, Durostorum. The Roman-Byzantine fortress of Beroe-Ostrov grew around the Roman castrum of Beroe, where the Vth Legion was stationed in the Ist and IInd centuries. One can find here the partially unearthed ruins of a Roman and Byzantine fortress, dating back to the Ist-VIth and Xth-XIIth centuries, and nearby, those of a Paleo- Christian basilica, dating back to the Vth-VIth centuries. The latter is situated aside from the former cemetery, which has been used between the Ist -XIIth centuries. As a result of conflicts between the Dacians of Dobrogea (the Comati) and the Romans, the fortress was destroyed, and was re-inhabited once the Byzantines returned to the Lower Danube, under Emperor Ioan Tzimiskes. The Roman and Byzantine fortress from Beroe is located 3 km to the South of Ostrov village, in North Dobroudja, the north side of Moesia Inferior province. We carried out magnetometric and electrometric measurements in the Beroe archaeological site, located in the Dobrogea region of Romania. We analyzed the results to see if we could find the orientation of the walls or any other evidence of a former human presence within a limited area submerged beneath the Danube River. We showed the estimated depth of the site and the possible orientation of a wall. The geophysical data was acquired on the water (Danube River) within the submerged zone using marine equipment designed for that purpose (G822 device with cesium) with a gradient array and AGI ministing electrometer with 100 m length. The area of investigation was 100 by 50 meters, and it was located in the NE part of the site, having a grid density of 10 by 10 meters. The data we obtained in this study indicates the possible presence of submerged artefacts. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate a possible magnetic contrast between the regional geological background (local limestone rocks used in the construction of the fortress walls, mortar, etc.), characterized by low, sometimes even diamagnetic magnetic properties and artifacts such as bricks, backed (fired) adobe, ceramic fragments, showing relatively high magnetic susceptibilities.
Obtaining nanoscale CoSiO/Si/CoSi2 systems for increasing the range of light ray absorption energy
Authors: Donaev S B , Umirzakov B E , Sobirova D U , Azimov T D , Alimova D K
Published: December 2020

The morphology, composition and electronic properties of the CoSiO film obtained on the CoSi2/Si (111) surface by implantation of O2
+ ions in combination with annealing were studied. Parameters of energy zones are determined and information about the density of the state of electrons of the valence zone and conductivity zone is obtained. In particular, it is shown that the band gap width of this film is ~2.4 eV. It was ascertained that the CoSiO/Si/CoSi2 heterosystem is very promising for creating efficient solar energy devices.
The use of renewable energy sources in integrated energy supply systems for agriculture
Authors: Kodirov D , Muratov Kh , Tursunov O , Ugwu E I , Durmanov A
Published: December 2020

In many sectors of the industry, for example in agriculture, many countries find alternative sources of energy as an acceptable and feasible choice, given the high energy requirements on the one hand and the negative environmental effect of fossil fuels, on the other. Sustainable agriculture is a delicate equilibrium to increase crop production and preserve economic stability while reducing the use of scarce natural resources and the negative effects of the environment. The use of renewable energy systems for sustainable agriculture, therefore, needs to be promoted. This paper is a state of art on the numerous update and feasible technologies of renewable energy applications in the agricultural sectors. It also discusses the significance of renewable energy as environmentally clean technologies and the most reliable energy source. This study covers different types of renewable energy sources like solar systems, biomass energy, and hydropower. Such forms of renewables have been proven to be suitable options in agriculture, and in particular for remote rural areas.
Application of fiber-optic measuring current transformer in control and relay protection systems of belt conveyor drives
Authors: Adilov Y T , Khabibullaev M M
Published: December 2020

Until recently, control and protection systems used electromagnetic current transformers as information sensors. Due to the nonlinearity of the magnetization curve of the magnetic circuit, such current transformers cannot fundamentally provide satisfactory metrological characteristics in transient conditions, as well as after passing short-circuit currents when the magnetic circuit of the current transformer is deeply saturated with the aperiodic component of the short-circuit current. This is the main disadvantage of electromagnetic current transformers, which complicates and makes unreliable operation of control systems and protection of asynchronous conveyor motors. The article suggests the use of optoelectronic current transformers as information sensors for control and protection systems of Induction Motor.
Mathematical description of water flow quantity for microhydroelectric station
Authors: Kodirov D , Tursunov O , Khushiev S , Bozarov O , Tashkhodjaeva G , Mirzaev S
Published: December 2020

The main methods of regulating water flow and power of a microhydroelectric power plant are considered. New technical solutions are proposed for screw jet hydraulic turbines adapted to low heads and water flow rates. Preliminary calculations carried out by the authors show that the power of a micro-hydroelectric power plant depends on the individual factors of the area.As the speed of the water flow increases, the speed of the water wheel also increases, and in turn, the electric power of the micro-hydroelectric power plant is increased.
Application of hydro energy in small power supply systems
Authors: Kodirov D , Tursunov O , Karimova Kh , Akramova N , Parpieva S , Shafkarov B
Published: December 2020

This paper provides an opportunity to increase the efficiency of use in low-pressure watercourse systems by determining the dimensions and design of the micro-hydroelectric power plant operating on low-pressure watercourses. It was found that the size of a micro-hydro water turbine depends on the flow rate of the water, the volume of water hitting the blade at a fixed time, and the depth of the water surface. As a result, a technological scheme of a micro-hydroelectric power plant operating on low-pressure water streams was developed.
Electric pulse treatment of trees as an environmentally friendly mechanism for protection of orchards
Authors: Bozorov E
Published: December 2020

This article explains the main diseases of horticultural trees and almonds, which are grown in mountainous and hilly areas. At present, the protection of the environment, especially land and water resources from the effects of various chemical toxins are one of the main problems of world civilization. During the global financial and economic crisis, our country is currently using high-quality land resources, introducing advanced scientific and technical agricultural technologies and growing low-quality crops. Some of the important problems are management and control of land use, improvement of land relations and efficient use of public lands in general. For the cultivation of almond fruit products should use the method of electric pulse processing. Diseases of nematodes attach and settle on the root system of almonds. In the roots of the almond tree, nematodes form swells and bumps, feeding the young seedlings with mineral nutrients and eventually destroying the seedlings. We propose an electric pulse treatment method against nematode diseases of almond roots and obtain the results of electrotechnical experiments. To get the results of this experiment faster, we can clearly see the results of the experiment in the scientific laboratory of the Institute of Plant Protection in the data obtained using an electron microscope when processing the root stems of almond trees infested with nematodes. The use of an electrical impulse device in the cultivation of almond trees and in the fight against nematode diseases arising from its roots has been considered and the results of preliminary studies have been presented.
Substantiation of a method for increasing the efficiency of the electrosynthesis of ozone by using periodic voltage pulses
Authors: Muzafarov Sh M , Tursunov O , Kodirov D , Balitskiy V E , Babaev A G , Kilichov O G , Abdukadirova M N , Tasheva U T
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the main directionsresearch to improve process efficiencyozone electro synthesis: research to improvestructures and materials of ozone generators; research influence of form, frequency, type of voltage. The article analyzed the process of ozone electro synthesis during nutrition sinusoidal voltage and identified significant disadvantages of this method. Process analyzed electrosynthesis of ozone when fed by periodic pulse stress with a drainage capacity of more than 5 and a significantincrease in efficiency this method.
Vibrations of a viscoelastic dam–plate of a hydro-technical structure under seismic load
Authors: Tukhtaboev A A , Turaev F , Khudayarov B A , Esanov E , Ruzmetov K
Published: December 2020

One of the characteristic features of the development of the hereditary theory is the wide possibilities for describing the dynamic processes of deformation of various materials. However, due to the lack of an adequate mathematical apparatus, the implementation of these possibilities is in many cases difficult, especially when studying nonlinear dynamic processes. In recent years, the power of computing has increased interest in nonlinear problems. Under these conditions, it is important to create and develop such effective methods of solution that could be applied to the widest possible class of problems. In this work, a mathematical model of the problem of the dynamics of thin-walled structures is constructed taking into account the hereditary properties of the material. Using the Bubnov-Galerkin method under various boundary conditions, the problem under consideration is reduced to solving systems of integro-differential equations. The analysis of the influence of various properties of the construction material on the amplitude-frequency characteristics is carried out.
Study of submountain river flow patterns constrained by a combined dam
Authors: Khalimbetov A , Bakiev M , Shukurova S , Choriev J , Khayitov Kh
Published: December 2020

Great attention around the world is paid to the design and construction of riverbank protection and channel control structures on submountain section of rivers. High slopes (i=0,001÷0,004 and higher), flow kinetics and ability to transport large amount of sediments are the features of submountain section of rivers.

Most of the research in this sphere has been conducted on the study of patterns of flow constrained by transverse structures in valley parts of rivers.

The main goal of this work is to establish the physical picture of flow around a combined dam in submountian river, the through-flow part of which is made of tetrahedrons, as well as to develop a design method for flow velocity field. Formations of two regimes have been established experimentally, i.e. “calm” at ia<icr and “critical” at ia≥icr. These regimes are mainly affected by flow contraction degree na, and Froude number Fr.

The presence of the following zones was established: core, intensive turbulent mixing and backflow zones, as well as the affinity of velocity fields in the zone of mixing by Shlihting-Abramovich. Prandtl has realized the task for “calm” regime with the use of integral relationship expressing law of conservation of momentum in the flow, equation for conservation of discharge and differential equation for nonuniform motion of transit flow with the account of tangential turbulent stresses on lateral surfaces. As opposed to the existing solutions, we accounted for the presence of two regions of spreading with different slopes of water surface, horizontal component of fluid weight, nonuniform distribution of velocities in head section, high roughness and the case when sections of target and vertical contraction do not match. Satisfactory results were obtained by comparing theoretical solution and experimental data.
Control of electric locomotives with asynchronous electric motors under asymmetric operating conditions in Uzbekistan
Authors: Tuychieva M.
Published: December 2020

The control of energy conversion processes in an alternating current electric traction drive with asynchronous (induction) motors under asymmetric operating conditions are considered in the paper and the ways to improve their efficiency are proposed. It was stated that asymmetric modes create asymmetry of currents in the AM phases, which negatively affects both the electrical and mechanical parts of electric traction drives. The analysis of electromagnetic processes in the complex asymmetry of currents and voltage in the circuits of electric traction drives allows creating an adaptive algorithm for electric locomotives control which allows increasing electric power indices and the system reliability.
Experimental study on a traditional house in Sabah, Malaysia using shake table
Authors: Ng R E Y , Lau T L
Published: December 2020

Due to destructive earthquake seldom happen in Malaysia, Malaysian have lack of awareness and knowledge towards earthquake disaster. Hence, most of the buildings constructed in Malaysia do not consider lateral loads in the building design. This includes traditional houses in Lahad Datu that located in Sabah state of East Malaysia where moderate earthquakes had occurred in past decades. These houses may be vulnerable towards earthquake due to lack of appropriate lateral resisting system in place. In this paper, the seismic hazard in Sabah is first reviewed. It is followed by an experimental study on a 1/4 scale model of a traditional house. The building is a hybrid structure with the combination of timber main frame and small portion of concrete beam and slab which is a common construction in local community. The model was constructed and tested on uni-directional shake table using the ground motion recorded at KKM seismic station and scaled to 80gal. Seven Linear Variable Differential Transducers (LVDTs) and nine accelerometers were installed to record displacements and accelerations of the model, respectively. The displacements and accelerations at various parts of the model were analyzed and discussed.
The process of destruction of rock by an explosion with the use of blasthole stemming in roadheading mining operation
Authors: Khudoyberdiev F T , Nurboboev Y T , Maksudov Sh F , Shomurodov Sh M
Published: December 2020

Blasting is one of the main methods of rock destruction and accounts for approximately 20% of the cost of mining operations. Given that the efficiency of the explosion for crushing does not exceed a few percent, it becomes obvious that further improvement of explosive destruction is necessary, taking into account the new achievements of science and technology. One of the main ways to improve the efficiency of underground mining is to improve the conduct of drilling and blasting operations with the use of the stemming plays a significant positive role in the operation of the explosion.
Additive Manufacturing through Digital Concrete by Extrusion and Non-extrusion method
Authors: Singh P , Sreerag K S
Published: December 2020

The phase of construction industries is very weak to adapt new technologies. We faced plenty of problems related to our construction industries because of old conventional method. Digital Concreting (DC) is the techniques from Additive Manufacturing (AM), the concrete is laying like layers to build a whole structure. DC could to overcome the problems faced by conventional construction. Furthermore, the DC will open the windows that allow the new innovative technologies enter in to construction industries. Generally, the usage of concrete is more than enough so it leads to increase the waste in site and harmful to environment. In DC technique uses of the concrete is only for need and no excess use. The properties of concrete are different for printing compared to conventional method. In this paper, we discussed about the general view on DC, properties of concrete and the methods used to print.
Nonlinear vibrations of a circular plate reinforced by ribs
Authors: Khalmuradov R I , Ismoilov E A
Published: December 2020

The behavior of a circular elastoplastic plate, consisting of a shell and reinforced ribs of a quadran-gular cross-section and under the action of dynamic loads, has been investigated. The rib sections are considered to be constant. The relationship between deformations and displacements is taken geometrically nonlinear, and between stresses and deformations in the form of Hooke’s law. Refined equations of the Timoshenko type are taken as resolving ones. It is believed that the vibrations of the plate are excited by a dynamic load acting on the surface of the plate. The solution of the differential equations for the vibrations of the plate, taking into account the elastoplastic properties of the shell materials and the reinforced ribs, is carried out by the finite difference method. The elastic and elastoplastic models are used to calculate the deflections of the central point and forces depending on the location of the ribs. In particular, it has been established that: when the plate is reinforced with one rib, the smallest deflection of the center point can be achieved when the rib is located in the middle of the radius; the proposed model and calculation method allow achieving the desired deflection value by varying the number of ribs.
Nano-Silica and its Role on Performance of Cement Concrete-A Review of Experimental Investigation
Authors: Paktiawal A , Alam M
Published: December 2020

The researchers are generally focusing on the basic technology of cementitious materials at the nano level. In addition, the researchers are mainly aimed at enhancing the durability and strength of concrete and have found rapidly developing the mechanical and microstructural properties of cementitious materials with the introduction of nano-silica. The present paper reviewed and summarized the experimental research works carried out on the use of nano-silica in cement concrete mix as an additive or replacement of cement and its effects on rheology of the fresh concrete, and properties of hardened concrete such as strength, and durability. Thus, nano-silica is a promising material which can be used to improve the properties of the cement concrete.
Increasing the efficiency of urban public transport (UPT) services through the use of multimodal transport technologies
Authors: Atajanov M , Solayev S S
Published: December 2020

The present paper investigatesthe problem of providing integrated transport services to passengers traveling from suburbs to the city center. Options for the organization of the route “From the resort of healing waters - Tashkent railway station” will be studied. By using the multimodal transportation technology, and by taking an account the following demandslike the timetable, comfort, the price of transportation of passengers, the possibility of independent mobility to the different destinations will be organized. The article proposes a set of measures of improving public transport services on the routes in suburbs or from suburbs to the city center.
The influence of hydraulic friction on the maximium pressure of water hammer
Authors: Arifjanov A , Jonqobilov U , Jonqobilov S , Khushiev Sh , Xusanova J
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the effect of hydraulic friction on the maximum increase in pressure during water hammer. To solve the problem of determining hydraulic friction along a pressure pipe, the telegraph equation was adopted as a mathematical model. As a result of solving the adopted equation, dependence is obtained for calculating the energy loss in a non-stationary process. The calculations of the proposed formula are in good agreement with the experimental data of the author. This proves the legitimacy of the obtained dependence of the author and provides an accurate calculation of pipes for strength during impact and resource saving of pipe material.
Method for sealing ground in trench closed drain
Authors: Vafoev R , Vafoev S , Akhmedov S , Imomov Sh
Published: December 2020

To improve the reclamation state of the land, a big role is played by a horizontal horizontal drain, which does not give for raising the level of groundwater and collect salt water during irrigation. For the protection of drainage from destruction and flushing, an important role is played by the compaction of the ground, which inside trench. The article addresses the issue of ground compaction in trenches of closed drains. The article gives the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods of compaction of ground in trenches of closed drains, the results of a study of methods of compaction of ground in trenches of closed drains showed that backfilling and compaction of the ground is done separately, these operations must be performed simultaneously, this article gives the design of a compaction device that must be performed simultaneously, the basis theory of ground compaction, the results of laboratory research, the results of the study determined: acting ground force on the surface of the sealing blade (F = 12 kN/m
2), the outer diameter of the sealing blade (Dou
= 300 mm), the inner diameter of the sealing blade (Din
= 600 mm), the coal between the blades (ϕ = 15 … 30°), the rotational speed of the blade shaft (n = 360 tu/min), degree coefficient (Ks
= 1,22) of ground compaction, ground density ρg
= 1375 kg/m
3).
Study on the selection of the best forms of walnut in Uzbekistan
Authors: Butkov E A , Mamutov B Kh , Nikolyai L V , Kasimkhodjaev A
Published: December 2020

This paper provides information on the status of work on walnut selection in Uzbekistan. The requirements for the identification of commercially valuable forms of walnut, which are suitable for producing different sorts of walnut, are highlighted and defined. As well as, the presented forms are dedicated to the creation of new sort of walnut for cultivation in plantations in Uzbekistan.
The mechanism of destruction of plant rhizomes under the influence of an electric pulse discharge
Authors: Toshpulatov N T
Published: December 2020

The elimination of the harmful effects of weeds is a global challenge to the present day. The problem has become especially important from the clogging of cultivated areas with perennial rhizomatous magpies such as Humay, finger pigs. It should be noted complexity problems associated by preventing invasion harmful perennial rhizomatous weeds which is associated with versatility reproduction (reproduction seeds and rhizomes under any weather-climatic and soil conditions) lack of specific measures and means of destruction, poor quality of quarantine or failure to timely comply with measures to prevent harmful effects, high cost or increased danger of chemicals. Given the above-described circumstance in the article is discussed solution to problems of destruction perennial rhizomatous weeds using dielectric strength pulse and current with high voltage.
Cleaning process simulation of the dielectric sorting device
Authors: Lee A , Allaniyazov S , Sharipov Z , Norov B , Sattorov M , Xudaev I
Published: December 2020

The article presents theoretical studies to substantiate some parameters of the dielectric sorting device of alfalfa seeds, in particular: the width of the outlet slot of the hopper, the step and depth of the metering groove, the length of the limiter and the angle of its installation. When developing a theoretical study to substantiate the parameters of the sorting device, the physical and mechanical properties of a heap of alfalfa seeds were taken into account. Substantiated parameters make it possible to improve the design and thereby improve the technological process of sorting and cleaning of alfalfa seeds of a dielectric sorting device.
Issues of involvement in circulation of unused agricultural lands in Uzbekistan
Authors: Babajanov A R , Inamov B N
Published: December 2020

This article examines the reasons for the withdrawal of highly valuable irrigated arable land from agricultural turnover in the Republic, provides a number of statistical data in this direction, indicates ways to eliminate this situation with the help of state measures, and based on a comprehensive analysis, provides scientific and practical recommendations for the return of unused areas of irrigated arable land to agricultural production.
Mathematical modeling of the interaction of the main parts of a wheel tractor and the numerical determination of the operator’s seat oscillation
Authors: Ermatova D , Imomov Sh , Matmurodov F
Published: December 2020

In article is given mathematically modeling of fluctuation, movement and kinematic forward axle, suspension bracket of a skeleton, engine, cabin and seat of the wheel tractor. It is given an analytical type of the equation, the describing vertical fluctuations and longitudinally angular fluctuations of a cabin and the main parts of the tractor. Using this model will be found as far as distances are displaced the main parts of the tractor at vibration. The equations of linear system fluctuation with one degree of freedom of the under cabin damper, which shock-absorber of the tractor, are described.
Applying Machine Learning Techniques to Extract dosages of Fertilizers for Precision Agriculture
Authors: Singh P , Garg Ch , Namdeo A
Published: December 2020

Increasing cost of fertilizers and subsidies are proving to be a burden on agriculturists as well as the government. Now it’s high time to involve technology so that precise amount of fertilizers could be added in order to obtain maximum yield. Machine learning is an important tool that can be used to predict precise nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium for fertigation. But due to different soil types and different needs of different crops and varieties, it has become difficult to predict the exact amount of fertilizer needed. In this research paper a solution has been drawn to obtain precision in agriculture. Data has been collected from soil reports, soil science institutes and agriculture institutes of India. It has been rearranged into tables and pre-processed for applying machine learning models. Once the models were applied their accuracies have been evaluated using various parameters. Also, the predictions given by our model were compared by already existing recommendations. This work has been done for irrigated wheat growing areas of India and it could be extended to other crops and other areas all over the world.
Effective agrotechnology for cultivation of forage crops
Authors: Allashov B D , Zulfikarov M X , Toreev F
Published: December 2020

In order to develop agrotechnology for the cultivation of fodder crops, crops were studied in different versions and in different rates of sweet clover of the white variety “Kibray”, oats “Uzbek broadleaf”, rye “Shalola”, triticale “Prag Silver” and corn “Uzbekistan-2018”. In variants planted in a two-component mixture, 4 variants were tested in each. Each variant was analyzed for valuable agricultural traits, especially the yield of the zeed mass. The cost-effectiveness of each option was also examined. An effective variant of sowing white melilot in combination with cereals and legumes was revealed.
Agrotechnology of Melilotus albus cultivation in saline area
Authors: Annaeva M I , Toreev F N , Yakubov M M , Allashov B D , Mavlonova N , Tursoatov S
Published: December 2020

In order to organize a profitable agrotechnology for the cultivation of Melilotus albus in saline area, Melilotus albus’s Kibray variety and Tashkent-1 variety of common alfalfa seeds for comparative study in different versions were studied by sowing in 4 versions, different sowing norms. For each version, valuable farm traits during the vegetation, especially blue mass yield and hay yield were analyzed. Just like that, to each version economical effective ness was studied. In saline areas has been identified an effective version of the sowing norm Melilotus albus.
Features of creating wear-resistant anti-corrosion coatings with a barrier layer on fragments of fuel claddings from E110 o.ch.
Authors: Kalin B A , Yashin A S , Dzhumaev P S , Safonov D A , Korenevsky E L , Fedorov D A , Novikov V V , Kuznetsov V I , Fedotov P V , Krivobokov V P , Yanin S N , Mokrushin A A , Polunin K K , Uglov V V
Published: December 2020

Results of the development of protective chromium-containing coatings based on the FeCrNi and CrNi systems for fuel claddings within framework of the accident tolerant fuel (ATF) are presented in this paper. Coatings were deposited by the outer surface of cladding tubes fragments from E110 o.ch. alloy (sponge-based Zr-1%Nb) up to 500 mm length by complex ion-plasma treatment on ILUR-03 and KVK-10 installations. The results of the control tests carried out in high-temperature steam at the GAZPAR bench at 1200 °C up to 400 s showed that Cr-FeCrNi-Cr and Cr-CrNi-Cr coatings reduce total oxygen penetration into the alloy from 144 to 98 and 55 μm, respectively and Cr-CrNi-Cr coatings with a Mo barrier layer completely block the diffusion of oxygen into the material.
Regularities of instantaneous (flash) spark - plasma sintering of silicon carbide
Authors: Kazakova V , Shornikov D , Tenishev A , Shornikova E
Published: December 2020

This paper shows the possibility of producing high - density materials based on silicon carbide in a short time with the methods of electropulse consolidation and flashsintering. During the experiments, several types of modes were considered which vary from each other by different initial data (pressure, temperature, power).While analyzing the data, a flash - sintering mode has been improved. The sintering of silicon carbide with the given mode allows producing a sample with a density equal to 97% of its theoretical density.
Modeling the atomic structure in the vicinity of the spherical voids and calculation of void growth rate anisotropy in bcc iron and tungsten
Authors: Nazarov A V , Melnikov A P , Mikheev A A , Ershova I V
Published: December 2020

We study the influence of the atomic structure in the vicinity of voids on their growth rate anisotropy. In the first part, we model the atomic structure in the vicinity of nanovoids in α-Fe and W using the advanced Molecular Statics method. In the second part, we use the earlier obtained equations that taking the influence of elastic fields into account to calculate the shifting rate of the void surface elements, and to evaluate the components of the strain tensor we use the atomic structure modeling results from the first part. The calculations are performed for voids of several sizes at certain oversaturation’s in a wide temperature range. The simulation results for the mentioned metals with a bcc structure show that displacements of atoms located along the crystallographic directions of the <100>, <110>, <111> types in the vicinity of the voids are significantly different, and this anisotropy of atom displacements leads to a reduction of spherical symmetry for the shifting rate of the surface elements. As the result, the initially spherical void shape becomes faceted.
Kinetics of segregation formation in elastic field of edge dislocation in bcc iron
Authors: Gusev A A , Nazarov A V
Published: December 2020

We study the kinetics of the redistribution of impurity atoms in the elastic fields of dislocations. Study is based on taking into account the influence of elastic fields on diffusion fluxes of interstitial impurity atoms. The study is performed by computer simulation methods and consists of several stages. The first is the simulation of a dislocation core structure with a Burgers vector along [100] direction by using the modified molecular static method. The second is obtaining the coefficients that determine the influence of the components of the strain tensor on the diagonal elements of the matrix of diffusion coefficients and in the equations for fluxes of carbon atoms in bcc iron. The third stage is associated with modeling the diffusion characteristics of carbon atoms by the method of molecular dynamics in a crystal without defects. The fourth and final stage uses the data about atomic structure that we obtained at first stage, as well as the characteristics calculated in the second and third, is a simulation of the formation of segregations of interstitial atoms, which is based on solving diffusion equations that take into account the elastic deformations created by the dislocation. The complex of developed models is used to analyze the kinetics of segregation formation. 3D graphs illustrate the distribution of interstitial atoms in the vicinity of a dislocation for different times at certain temperatures.
Effects of Electrical Shock and Blue LED Treatments on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Grey Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju)
Authors: Ibrahim Roshita , Boon Loh Soon , Hasnoel Mazidi Mazlin Nur Iman , Yaacob Noorulnajwa Diyana
Published: December 2020

Grey oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju) is an edible mushroom cultivated in Malaysia mainly due to its high nutritional and medicinal value. The demand of Pleurotus sajor-caju in local and foreign market rises continuously. In this study, the effect of electrical shock treatment and exposure to blue color LED on the growth, yield and quality of Pleurotus sajor-caju was investigated. There were 6 sets of electrical shock and blue LED treatments applied during spawning and production phase. Mushroom bags which did not receive any treatment were served as Control. The effect of electrical shock and blue LED treatments were observed in the aspects of mycelium growth rate, number of days taken for mycelium to fill-up the bag, pinhead emergence and fruiting body formation. There were significant enhancement in the yield for grey oyster mushroom for the bag treated with Electric and Blue LED, in the total fresh weight of fruiting bodies, number of fruiting bodies, percentages of biological efficiency and substrate utilized for every 100 g mushrooms produced. Therefore, the mushroom bags which were treated with electrical shock and blue LED is the best compared to the other treatments due to significant higher rate of mycelium growth, relatively higher yield and good quality of mushroom.
Thermal pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) in a vertical fixed-bed reactor
Authors: Mohamed A R , Awang A N , Mohd Salleh N H , Ahmad R
Published: December 2020

In the production of crude palm oil, huge quantities of solid biomass waste is generated such as empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm fronds and palm–pressed fibre (PPF). This inevitably resulted in the environmental pollution due to its natural conversion to methane. In this study, thermal pyrolysis of EFB was conducted using a fixed bed reactor. The factors such as nitrogen gas flowrate and holding time that affect the distribution of pyrolysis product yields were being investigated by evaluating the percentage product yields. It was determined that at nitrogen gas flowrate of 300 cm3/min and 30 mins holding time, the maximum bio-oil yield of 46.20 % was attained with gas and char yield of 21.79 % and 32.01 % respectively. The existence of functional groups in bio-oil was analyzed by Fourier Transfrom Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was identified that the bio-oil has several functional groups such as hydroxyl (OH), ketone/aldehyde (C=O) and ester (O-C=O) groups. The dynamic viscoscity of bio-oil was analyzed by Brookfield viscometer. It showed that the viscosity of bio-oil decreased with increasing temperature from 25-50 °C.