bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Neonatal Unit, Arifin Achmad Hospital, Pekanbaru
Authors: Wisnumurti Dewi Anggraini
Published: September 2016

Background Arifin Achmad Hospital is the largest hospital inRiau Province, Indonesia, which serves as referral hospital andoffers tertiary care for sick neonates.Objective To review the performance of the Neonatal Unit ofArifin Ahmad Hospital as a mean to further improve the overallcare Mth specific interest to improve neonatal outcomes.Methods We collected the clinical data of all patients admitted tothe Neonatal Unit from 2008 to 2010. Diagnoses were classifiedaccording to the International Statistical Classification of Diseasesand Related Health Problems 10th Revision (Revised leD 10). Weevaluated the overall performance of the unit, including numberof beds, number of patients, and bed occupancy rates (BOR). Thespectrum of diagnoses was also described. Associations betweenclinical characteristics and patient outcomes were analyzed usingunivariate Chi square test.Results The number of available beds increased from 10 beds in2008 to 24 beds in 2010, thereby decreasing the BORfrom 112%in 2008 to 82% in 2010, despite the yearly increase in numberof patients (702 in 2008, 772 in 2009, and 821 in 2010). MostNeonatal Unit patients were male, aged 0􀁒3 days at the time ofadmission, had birth weights of 2500􀁒4000 grams, born in RSUDArifin Achmad and were born vaginally. Respiratory problems,prematurity and infections were the three main reasons foradmission. Birth weight, the presence of congenital malformations,referral status, and < 7 day length of stay were associated withmortality.Conclusions The performance of the unit increased during the3􀁒year period of study. Most patients admitted had respiratoryproblems, fetal growth problems, or infections. We found that birthweight, congenital malformations, referral status, and decreasedlength of stay were prognostic factors for patient outcomes.[Paediatr rndones. 2012;52:356-61].
Insulin therapy for hyperglycemia in critically ill patients
Authors: Julianti Julianti , Triratna Silvia , Aditiawati Aditiawati , Irfanuddin Irfanuddin
Published: September 2016

Background Hyperglycemia in critically ill patients is associated with higher mortality. Insulin therapy may improve outcomes, not only by preventing deleterious effects of hyperglycemia, but by improving the molecular dynamics in organ dysfunction.Objectives To assess the effects of insulin therapy on critically ill patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting and the risk of hypoglycemia.Methods An open-label, clinical trial was conducted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Dr. Moh. Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, from November 2011 to March 2012. Subjects were consecutively assigned to receive either regular insulin at a dose of 0.05 U/kg/h if the blood glucose level reached >200 mg%, or standard therapy (control group). Blood glucose levels were measured hourly until they reached 80-110 mg%. Dose adjustments were made when the blood glucose level reached 145 mg%, by reducing the insulin dose to 0.025 U/kg/h. Outcomes of therapy were measured by Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score improvement, mortality rate and the occurrence of hypoglycemia.Results Forty subjects were enrolled in this study, with 20 subjects assigned to the insulin therapy group and 20 subjects to the standard therapy group. Two subjects, one from each group, were not included in the final analysis due to their deaths within 24 hours. There was no significant difference in distribution of PELOD scores before intervention between the groups (OR=0.5; 95%CI 0.1 to 1.9, P=0.32). However, after intervention, the PELOD scores was significantly lower in insulin therapy group compared to control group (OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.8, P=0.02). In the insulin group after intervention, fewer subjects had scores >20.5 and more subjects had scores ≤20.5, indicated a lower risk of organ dysfunction. There was also a significantly lower mortality rate in the insulin group compared to the control group (OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.8, P=0.02). None of the subjects suffered hypoglycemia.Conclusion Insulin is beneficial in improving organ dysfunction and decreasing mortality for critically ill patients.
A rapid fluorometric assay for the S-malonyltransacylase FabD and other sulfhydryl utilizing enzymes
Authors: M. Marcella Aaron , W. Barb Adam
Published: September 2016

The development of biorenewable chemicals will support green chemistry initiatives and supplement the catalog of starting materials available to the chemical industry. Bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis is being pursued as a source of protein catalysts to synthesize novel reduced carbon molecules in fermentation systems. The availability of methods to measure enzyme catalysis for native and engineered enzymes from this pathway remains a bottleneck because a simple quantitative enzyme assay for numerous enzymes does not exist. Here we present two variations of a fluorescence assay that is readily extendable to high-throughput screening and is appropriate for thiol consuming and generating enzymes including the Escherichia coli enzymes malonyl-coenzyme A transacylase (FabD) and keto-acylsynthase III (FabH). We measured KM values of 60 ± 20 µM (acetyl-CoA) and 20 ± 10 µM (malonyl-ACP) and a kcat of 7.4–9.0 s-1 with FabH. Assays of FabD included a precipitation step to remove the thiol-containing substrate holo-ACP from the reaction product coenzyme-A to estimate reaction rates. Analysis of initial velocity measurements revealed KM values of 60 ± 20 µM (malonyl-CoA) and 40 ± 10 µM (holo-ACP) and a kcat of 2100–2600 s-1for the FabD enzyme. Our data show similar results when compared to existing radioactive and continuous coupled assays in terms of sensitivity while providing the benefit of simplicity, scalability and repeatability. Fluorescence detection also eliminates the need for radioactive substrates traditionally used to assay these enzymes.
Constructing an illusion of scientific uncertainty? Framing climate change in German and British print media
Authors: Schmid-Petri Hannah , Arlt Dorothee
Published: September 2016

This article uses quantitative content analysis data from June 1, 2012 to May 31, 2013 to examine the salience and construction of scientific uncertainty about climate change in German and British press coverage using quantitative content analysis data from June 1, 2012 to May 31, 2013. The results show that uncertainty about climate change − against overwhelming consensus among climate scientists − is prominent in the press coverage of both countries. The findings indicate that it is important to distinguish whether scientific uncertainty can be found at the level of single articles, or at the level of the coverage as a whole. The study also reveals that uncertainty is constructed differently in German and British press coverage in terms of the media’s framing of climate science and the types of actors who are involved in the construction of scientific uncertainty.
Somatic mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 are prognostic and follow-up markers in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia with normal karyotype
Authors: Virijevic Marijana , Karan-Djurasevic Teodora , Marjanovic Irena , Tosic Natasa , Mitrovic Mirjana , Djunic Irena , Colovic Natasa , Vidovic Ana , Suvajdzic-Vukovic Nada , Tomin Dragica , Pavlovic Sonja
Published: September 2016

Background

Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) genes are frequent molecular lesions in acute myeloid leukaemia with normal karyotype (AML-NK). The effects of IDH mutations on clinical features and treatment outcome in AML-NK have been widely investigated, but only a few studies monitored these mutations during follow-up.

Patients and methods

In our study samples from 110 adult de novo AML-NK were studied for the presence of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, their associations with other prognostic markers and disease outcome. We also analyzed the stability of these mutations during the course of the disease in complete remission (CR) and relapse.

Results

IDH mutations were found in 25 (23%) patients. IDH+ patients tend to have lower CR rate compared to IDH-patients (44% vs 62.2%, p = 0.152), and had slightly lower disease free survival (12 months vs 17 months; p = 0.091). On the other hand, the presence of IDH mutations had significant impact on overall survival (2 vs 7 months; p = 0.039). The stability of IDH mutations were studied sequentially in 19 IDH+ patients. All of them lost the mutation in CR, and the same IDH mutations were detected in relapsed samples.

Conclusions

Our study shows that the presence of IDH mutations confer an adverse effect in AML-NK patients, which in combination with other molecular markers can lead to an improved risk stratification and better treatment. Also, IDH mutations are very stable during the course of the disease and can be potentially used as markers for minimal residual disease detection.
Prognosis estimation under the light of metabolic tumor parameters on initial FDG-PET/CT in patients with primary extranodal lymphoma
Authors: Okuyucu Kursat , Ozaydın Sukru , Alagoz Engin , Ozgur Gokhan , Ince Semra , Oysul Fahrettin Guven , Ozmen Ozlem , Tuncel Murat , Ozturk Mustafa , Arslan Nuri
Published: September 2016

Background

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas arising from the tissues other than primary lymphatic organs are named primary extranodal lymphoma. Most of the studies evaluated metabolic tumor parameters in different organs and histopathologic variants of this disease generally for treatment response. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor parameters derived from initial FDG-PET/CT in patients with a medley of primary extranodal lymphoma in this study.

Patients and methods

There were 67 patients with primary extranodal lymphoma for whom FDG-PET/CT was requested for primary staging. Quantitative PET/CT parameters: maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), average standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were used to estimate disease-free survival and overall survival.

Results

SUVmean, MTV and TLG were found statistically significant after multivariate analysis. SUVmean remained significant after ROC curve analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 88% and 64%, respectively, when the cut-off value of SUVmean was chosen as 5.15. After the investigation of primary presentation sites and histo-pathological variants according to recurrence, there is no difference amongst the variants. Primary site of extranodal lymphomas however, is statistically important (p = 0.014). Testis and central nervous system lymphomas have higher recurrence rate (62.5%, 73%, respectively).

Conclusions

High SUVmean, MTV and TLG values obtained from primary staging FDG-PET/CT are potential risk factors for both disease-free survival and overall survival in primary extranodal lymphoma. SUVmean is the most significant one amongst them for estimating recurrence/metastasis.
Children Circulating between the U.S. and Mexico
Authors: Panait Catalina , Zúñiga Víctor
Published: September 2016

This article provides insights into the linguistic transitions and ruptures of migrant children in Mexican schools. The analysis focuses on children’s practices and perceptions of their own difficulties when reading and writing in Spanish after spending months in schools in the United States. Using in-depth interviews and sociolinguistic analysis, the article presents the particular case of children who endure seasonal migratory circulation between Mexico and the United States, and examines the linguistic disruptions these children experience during their journey from English to Spanish literacy every school year.

Este artículo presenta hallazgos en torno a las transiciones y rupturas lingüísticas de los niños migrantes en las escuelas mexicanas. El análisis se centra en las prácticas y percepciones de los niños acerca de sus propias dificultades al leer o escribir en español después de haber pasado periodos en las escuelas de Estados Unidos. Los datos que se presentan provienen de niños que participan año tras año de la migración circular de tipo estacional entre México y Estados Unidos. Mediante entrevistas a profundidad y análisis sociolingüísticos, se examinan las dislocaciones lingüísticas que estos niños experimentan mientras se están moviendo del inglés al español cada año escolar.
¿Quiénes están retornando de Estados Unidos a México?
Authors: Sandoval Rebeca , Zúñiga Víctor
Published: September 2016

El artículo presenta una evaluación crítica de la producción académica que aborda la migración de retorno de Estados Unidos a México de 2008 a 2015. Los hallazgos muestran que la investigación se limita a estudiar el retorno de hombres adultos y su inserción en mercados laborales, así como el impacto económico y demográfico regional. Son casi inexistentes los trabajos sobre trayectorias, integración y experiencia migratoria de niños, jóvenes y mujeres, así como aquellos que toman en consideración las dinámicas familiares asociadas al retorno. Prevalecen las investigaciones deductivas de corte cuantitativo, a diferencia de las que abordan dimensiones cualitativas del fenómeno.

The article presents a critical evaluation of the academic production on return migration from the United States to Mexico from 2008 to 2015. Our findings reveal that current research has been limited to studying the return of adult men and their insertion into labor markets, as well as the economic and demographic impacts of return. Analyses of migratory trajectories, integration, and experience of children, women and youth, and other studies with a focus on family dynamics are rare or virtually inexistent. Deductive and quantitative investigations still prevail, compared to those that prioritize the qualitative dimensions of the phenomenon.
WOMEN IN CANCER THEMATIC REVIEW: Diverse functions of DNA methylation: implications for prostate cancer and beyond
Authors: Sweet Thomas J , Ting Angela H
Published: September 2016

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide. Current clinical screening ensures that most prostate cancers are diagnosed while still organ confined, but disease outcome is highly variable. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular features contributing to prostate cancer aggressiveness is being sought. For many cancers, aberrant genome-wide patterns of cytosine DNA methylation in CpG dinucleotides distinguish tumor from normal tissue and contribute to disease progression by altering the transcriptome. In prostate cancer, recent genomic studies identified cancer and high grade-specific differential DNA methylation in gene promoters, gene bodies, gene 3′ ends and at distal regulatory elements. Using examples from developmental and disease systems, we will discuss how DNA methylation in each of these genomic contexts can contribute to transcriptome diversity by modulating transcription initiation, alternative transcription start site selection, alternative pre-mRNA splicing and alternative polyadenylation. Alternative transcripts from the same gene often exhibit altered protein-coding potential, translatability, stability and/or localization. All of these can have functional consequences in cells. In future work, it will be important to determine if DNA methylation abnormalities in prostate cancer modify the transcriptome through some or all of these mechanisms and if these DNA methylation-mediated transcriptome alterations impact prostate tumorigenesis and aggressiveness.
The Roles of β-Oxidation and Cofactor Homeostasis in Peroxisome Distribution and Function in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Rinaldi Mauro A , Patel Ashish B , Park Jaeseok , Lee Koeun , Strader Lucia C , Bartel Bonnie
Published: September 2016

Key steps of essential metabolic pathways are housed in plant peroxisomes. We conducted a microscopy-based screen for anomalous distribution of peroxisomally targeted fluorescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. This screen uncovered 34 novel alleles in 15 genes affecting oil body mobilization, fatty acid β-oxidation, the glyoxylate cycle, peroxisome fission, and pexophagy. Partial loss-of-function of lipid-mobilization enzymes conferred peroxisomes clustered around retained oil bodies without other notable defects, suggesting that this microscopy-based approach was sensitive to minor perturbations, and that fatty acid β-oxidation rates in wild type are higher than required for normal growth. We recovered three mutants defective in PECTIN METHYLESTERASE31, revealing an unanticipated role in lipid mobilization for this cytosolic enzyme. Whereas mutations reducing fatty acid import had peroxisomes of wild-type size, mutations impairing fatty acid β-oxidation displayed enlarged peroxisomes, possibly caused by excess fatty acid β-oxidation intermediates in the peroxisome. Several fatty acid β-oxidation mutants also displayed defects in peroxisomal matrix protein import. Impairing fatty acid import reduced the large size of peroxisomes in a mutant defective in the PEROXISOMAL NAD+ TRANSPORTER (PXN), supporting the hypothesis that fatty acid accumulation causes pxn peroxisome enlargement. The diverse mutants isolated in this screen will aid future investigations of the roles of β-oxidation and peroxisomal cofactor homeostasis in plant development.
Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Exacerbation and Obstructive Hydrocephalus: A Case Report
Authors: Leung Aldrich , Bleakley Clare , Loh Adrian , Saran Kelly , Stewart S. Evelyn
Published: September 2016

We present the case of an 11 year-old boy with a previous history of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), who experienced a dramatic and acute worsening of OCD symptoms in temporal association with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a tectal low-grade glioma. Management and resolution of the hydrocephalus was temporally associated with an improvement in his OCD compulsion symptoms. The present case does not establish proof of cause and effect, but highlights potential multifactorial influences on OCD onset and clinical course. Cortico–striatal–thalamic–cortical pathways, physically distorted by hydrocephalus in this case, have long been implicated in OCD etiology. Clinical implications include the importance of conducting an appropriate neurologic work-up to rule out biological causes for acute and dramatic OCD exacerbations with neurologic signs, even in the context of preexisting OCD. Given that neurologic lesions may exist in the absence of typical signs and symptoms, that they may further disrupt OCD circuitry, and that treatment may lead to resolution of associated psychiatric symptoms, it is important to remain cognizant of these differential diagnoses.
Maternal Prepregnancy BMI and Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Offspring
Authors: Forthun Ingeborg , Wilcox Allen J , Strandberg-Larsen Katrine , Moster Dag , Nohr Ellen A , Lie Rolv Terje , Surén Pål , Tollånes Mette C
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in offspring.

METHODS:

The study population consisted of 188 788 children in the Mothers and Babies in Norway and Denmark CP study, using data from 2 population-based, prospective birth cohorts: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and the Danish National Birth Cohort. Prepregnancy BMI was classified as underweight (BMI <18.5), lower normal weight (BMI 18.5–22.9), upper normal weight (BMI 23.0–24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), and obese (BMI ≥30). CP diagnoses were obtained from the national CP registries. Associations between maternal prepregnancy BMI and CP in offspring were investigated by using log-binomial regression models.

RESULTS:

The 2 cohorts had 390 eligible cases of CP (2.1 per 1000 live-born children). Compared with mothers in the lower normal weight group, mothers in the upper normal group had a 40% excess risk of having a child with CP (relative risk [RR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.78). Excess risk was 60% (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.21–2.01) for overweight mothers and 60% (RR, 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.18) for obese mothers. The risk of CP increased ∼4% for each unit increase in BMI (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.06). Estimates changed little with adjustment for mother’s occupational status, age, and smoking habits.

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher prepregnancy maternal BMI was associated with increased risk of CP in offspring.
Texture profile properties, sensory evaluation, and susceptibility to syneresis of yoghurt prepared from lactose-free milk
Authors: Kárnyáczki Zs. , Csanádi J.
Published: September 2016

Milk and dairy products are high-value foods; however, consumers suffering from lactose intolerance are not able to enjoy the nutritional benefits of these commodities. There are more and more researches and developments focusing on lowering the lactose content of milk and dairy foods in order to make them available for lactose intolerant people. In this study, we examined the coagulation time, product quality, texture profile properties, and syneresis of yoghurts prepared from lactose-free milk. Significant differences were observed between the control and lactose-free milks with respect to coagulation time and texture profile. The first rupture time, the hardness, and the adhesion force of the lactose-free yoghurt were higher compared to the control product. We observed remarkable difference between the whey leakage of control and lactose free yoghurt samples (21.47% and 14.63%). Results coming from instrumental texture profile analyses showed that the preliminary lactose hydrolysis of milk resulted a firmer texture. It was confirmed by the results of sensory evaluation, and considering the texture and taste, there was significant difference between the control and lactose-free yoghurts.
Pengaruh Tingkat Ketebalan Mulsa Jerami pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. Antiquorum)
Authors: Suminarti Nur Edy
Published: September 2016

Umbi talas termasuk kelompok tanaman umbi-umbian yang mempunyai peran penting sebagai sumber bahan pangan yang sehat dan aman.  Akibatnya, permintaan terus meningkat.  Namun demikian, produktivitasnya masih rendah daripada potensinya yang telah mencapai 20,7 ton ha-1. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya peningkatan, dan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui aplikasi mulsa. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang tingkat ketebalan mulsa jerami yang tepat pada budidaya tanaman talas telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Universitas Brawijaya Malang.  Penelitian menggunakan rancangan lingkungan Acak Kelompok dengan enam tingkat ketebalan mulsa sebagai perlakuan, yaitu : kontrol,  ketebalan mulsa 1,5 cm, 3,0 cm, 4,5 cm, 6,0 cm dan 7,5 cm. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara destruktif. Uji F taraf 5% ditujukan untuk menguji pengaruh perlakuan, sedang perbedaan diantara perlakuan didasarkan pada nilai BNT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman talas serta lingkungan mikro yang lebih baik didapatkan pada ketebalan mulsa 4,5 cm – 7,5 cm.  Tetapi yang  lebih efektif dan efisien didapatkan pada penggunaan mulsa ketebalan 6 cm dengan hasil sebesar 10,54 ton ha-1  dan B/C 1,76.Tuber of taro plays a significant role as healthy and safe food resources. As a result, its demand has increased recently. However, the level of taro tuber productivity is still low than the potential outcomes that can achieve up to 20 tons ha-1. Therefore, it is necessary an improvement, one of them is through the application of mulch. Research aimed to find  the proper thickness of straw mulch was conducted at UB experimental field located in Jatikerto, Malang. The study used randomized complete block design with thickness of straw mulch as the treatment, consisted of 6 levels, i.e: no mulch, straw mulch of 1.5 cm, 3 cm, 4.5  cm, 6 cm and 7.5 cm. Data was collected destructively. F test at 5% was used to determine the effect of treatment, while differences between treatments were referred to BNT at 5%.The results showed that the growth and yield of taro and better microenvironment found in mulch thickness of 4.5 cm - 7.5 cm. However, a more effective and efficient yield obtained on the use of mulch thickness of 6 cm with a yield of 10.54 ton ha-1 and B/C 1.76.
What motivates junior doctors to teach medical students?
Authors: Chapman Renata , Burgess Annette , McKenzie Susan , Mellis Craig
Published: September 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. There is a growing demand for "near peer" teaching in the delivery of medical curriculum.Experienced senior physicians are increasingly more occupied with competing demands on their time and expertise. As a result, junior medical staff (1-4 years after graduation) are taking on more teaching responsibilities.The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the motivations of junior doctors to teach medical students. While many studies have dealt with motivations of senior clinicians and specialists in their fields, there is no data on the reasons why the junior doctors teach.161 junior clinicians teaching at our clinical school completed questionnaires (response rate 90%). Most tutors (41%) were interns (first year after graduation) and over half of them (55%) had completed a formal Teachers Training program. We found the main motivation to teach was to improve their own knowledge (80% strongly agreed) and enjoyment (72% strongly agreed). Other, less powerful motivating factors were: teaching would assist with their academic career (especially the more junior tutors); it was a duty to profession; result of inspiration by their own teachers or mentors; and because they felt responsible for the students.By developing an understanding of junior clinicians' motivation to teach, we may be able to promote a continued interest in teaching amongst both current and new junior medical staff.
Tips for a Flipped Classroom: What We Wished We Knew Before We Flipped
Authors: Kenwright Diane , Dai Wei , Osborne Emma , Grainger Rebecca
Published: September 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The flipped classroom approach has been used in health profession education to encourage active learning, but predominantly pre-learning flipped activities are passive knowledge input, such as watching recorded lectures. To encourage active learning, online learning activities focusing on knowledge acquisition and application were developed as pre-work for the flipped classroom in a pathology course in an undergraduate medical programme. These included labeling macroscopic pathology and histology images, case scenarios and multiple-choice questions. Student responses indicated that some of these were helpful, while some interfered with learning.In addition to the pedagogical issues associated with designing a flipped classroom, instructors also need to consider the technical elements of designing pre-course material for independent study. This paper examines the components of this flipped classroom's pre-work and highlights successful and unsuccessful e-learning components.
Book Reviews
Authors: Engstrom Richard L.
Published: September 2016

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Introduction: Impact of C. Vann Woodward’s The Burden of Southern History
Authors: Maxwell Angie
Published: September 2016

Special Edition – Diane D. Blair Center of Southern Politics and Society and Rockefeller Institute Conference on the Ongoing Impact of C. Vann Woodward’s The Burden of Southern History
Advocacy Inequalities among Nonprofits: Do Mission and Tax Status Make Differences
Authors: Chand Daniel E.
Published: September 2016

Scholars have long recognized the high levels of participation by organized business in the “pressure system” (Baumgartner and Leech 2001; Schattschneider 1960; Scholzman and Tierney 1986) and have recently begun studying charitable group involvement, or lack thereof, in the policy influence process (Berry and Arons 2003; Berry 2005 and 2006). Few studies, however, have made comparisons of activities across interest group sectors; and none have done so focusing exclusively on nonprofit associations. This study contributes to the recent nonprofit lobbying literature by examining the lobbying activities of membership associations that issue legislator ratings, or “scorecards.” Creating a sample from scorecard-issuing groups limits focus to nonprofits that have an indicated interest in congressional policy. Specifically, this study attempts to determine if business associations spend significantly more and charitable associations significantly less on lobbying activities. Using analysis of variance methods, the author finds that business associations do spend significantly more on lobbying than their charitable and ideological tax-exempt counterparts. Labor unions fall somewhere in between business and charitable and ideological groups. Finally, groups employing “complex organizational structures” (Boris and Krehely 2002; Reid 2001) lobby at higher levels than groups with one tax status, although this finding does not apply to charitable groups.
Veteran Returns to Homelessness following Exits from Permanent Supportive Housing: Health and Supportive Services Use Proximal to Exit
Authors: Cusack Meagan , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Blonigen Daniel , Gabrielian Sonya , Marsh Laura
Published: September 2016

Permanent supportive housing (PSH) programs have been shown to increase housing retention for “hard to house” individuals and been used to address veteran homelessness. Departures from PSH (referred to as “exits”) can represent a positive outcome for some veterans, while others may return to homelessness. This study analyzed administrative and primary data to identify individual- and institutional-level factors associated with veterans' returns to homelessness following exits from a PSH program. Findings suggest that a number of factors increase the risk of a return to homelessness, including admissions to inpatient substance abuse and behavioral health treatment programs and emergency department visits both pre- and post-exit. Targeted interventions may reduce the likelihood of subsequent homelessness.
Service Providers' Perspectives on Permanent Supportive Housing for Families
Authors: Collins Cyleste C. , D'Andrea Rebecca , Dean Kendra , Crampton David
Published: September 2016

This article examines the perspectives and experiences of staff who work for a pilot permanent supportive housing program for families. The program follows Housing First principles by providing supportive housing to chronically homeless families with disabling conditions (typically substance abuse and/or mental health issues). Nine service providers participated in in-depth, semistructured interviews in which they described their experiences with the program, including facilitators and barriers to providing high-quality services for this difficult-to-serve population. The findings indicate that stabilizing families is particularly challenging in part because of the complexity of their needs, both material and instrumental, that are dynamic and ongoing. Implications for practice are discussed, as the Housing First model, established as a best practice for single adults, is applied to families.
Performance evaluation of self-centring steel-braced frame
Authors: Rahgozar Navid , Moghadam Abdolreza S. , Rahgozar Nima , Aziminejad Armin
Published: September 2016

A modern self-centring braced frame equipped with post-tensioned cables and replaceable fuses is capable of rocking on its foundation during an earthquake. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the seismic performance of a controlled-rocking braced frame and compare its efficiency with a similar fixed-based braced frame. A non-linear time history analysis is conducted for a set of archetypes, varying in height, seismic design category, and seismic frame type. A sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the effects of modelling and ground motion parameters. Results indicate that the rocking system is capable of enhancing the performance of a conventional braced frame by features such as the controlled rocking mode, self-centring and concentrated damage to replaceable fuses.
Lucha por centralidad y autogestión del espacio. El Movimiento de Ocupantes e Inquilinos en Buenos Aires
Authors: Díaz Parra Ibán
Published: September 2016

El Movimiento de Ocupantes e Inquilinos (MOI) es actualmente uno de los mejores ejemplos de la reivindicación del derecho a la ciudad en Buenos Aires, así como de la capacidad de las organizaciones populares para crear y recrear el espacio urbano. Su lucha en esta ciudad se ha caracterizado por la reivindicación de la permanencia de los sectores populares en las áreas centrales, en un contexto de revalorización de los mismos y de desarrollo de proyectos urbanísticos dirigidos a una renovación urbana con clara orientación neoliberal. El presente artículo, que parte de un trabajo de campo en las cooperativas de vivienda que componen la organización, plantea esta disputa por el centro urbano entre el capital y las organizaciones populares prestando atención tanto a la lucha específicamente material por suelos altamente demandados, como a la lucha ideológica por la legitimidad de los distintos usos y formas de vida en los espacios centrales.
Contestaciones a la ciudad global: la cuestión urbana en el siglo XXI. Un diálogo con Teresa Caldeira
Authors: Arce Abarca Ignacio
Published: September 2016

Contestaciones a la ciudad global: la cuestión urbana en el siglo XXI. Un diálogo con Teresa Caldeira
Expulsiones. Brutalidad y complejidad en la economía global de Saskia Sassen
Authors: Marulanda Hernández Alejandra
Published: September 2016

Reseña de Expulsiones. Brutalidad y complejidad en la economía global
Реализация интеграционных процессов в инновационной сфере, системе образования и наукоемких производствах Российской Федерации
Authors: Политаев Виталий Игоревич
Published: September 2016

В статье проанализировано текущее состояние инновационной активности в Российской Федерации. Автором сделан вывод о наличии в настоящее время разрыва между инновационной идеей и практическим применением результатов ее разработки. Для разрешения данной проблемы автором статьи предложены модель взаимодействия изобретателя со сферой образования, науки и производственной сферой и модель трансфера оборонных технологий в гражданские отрасли. В моделях определены этапы развития инновационной идеи, дано их описание и краткая характеристика. Позиции, озвученные в настоящей статье, могут привлечь внимание и стать предметом практического изучения со стороны исследователей в сфере развития инновационных технологий, интеграционных процессов социально-экономической и инновационной направленности, а также ученых, изучающих пути и способы ускорения инновационного развития страны.
Оценка интеллектуального капитала организации как элемента внутренней стоимости предприятия
Authors: Ахтямов Мавлит Калимович , Гончар Евгения Анатольевна , Тихонова Наталья Владимировна
Published: September 2016

В статье предложена методика оценки интеллектуального капитала организации как элемента внутренней стоимости предприятия. Приведена структура интеллектуального капитала предприятия с позиции оценки внутренней стоимости. Важность оценки этого элемента обусловлена необходимостью определения стратегии предприятия и определения рыночной стоимости компании с учетом интеллектуального капитала. Для обеспечения инвестиционной привлекательности предприятия при условии превышения его внутренней стоимости над рыночной, необходимо наращивать такой элемент, как интеллектуальный капитал. Данная статья представляет интерес для исследователей в области оценки стоимости интеллектуального капитала, бизнеса и управления инвестиционной привлекательностью предприятия.
Формирование инновационной активности казахстанской медицины
Authors: Петренко Елена Степановна , Шарип Берик Шарипович
Published: September 2016

Развитие сферы здравоохранения и рынка медицинских услуг связано с повышением качества, комплексностью и доступностью оказываемых услуг, что в первую очередь обусловлено внедрением медицинских инновационных технологий. В статье рассматриваются основные тенденции развития здравоохранения республики, дается анализ инновационной активности казахстанской медицины. Данное исследование может быть полезно студентам, аспирантам и преподавателям экономических специальностей.
Antipoverty: England's first development education organisation (1971-1974)
Authors: Harrison Don
Published: September 2016

The Antipoverty Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) founded by O. G. Thomas was the first development education organisation in England. During the early 1970s it aimed to increase young people's understanding of Third World issues through regional 'study-action' projects. This meant
that learning about people's lives in economically poor countries should lead to action for change, either in those countries or within England. Learning from a farming community in South Korea and housing settlements in Kenya and India are examples of Antipoverty projects. Antipoverty heralded
the emergence of development education in England as more than learning about aid and poverty for the Third World but rather a process that involves everyone.
Transformative Global Education and Learning in Teacher Education in Finland
Authors: Räsänen Rauni
Published: September 2016

The aim of this article is to discuss developments in global education in Finnish teacher education. It argues for the necessity of a comprehensive approach which encompasses holistic reforms in formal educational institutions, but also in other sectors of society and in national policies.
Special attention is given to the importance of teacher education in global education, as well as to the role of the Finnish core school curricula, the new national strategy for global education and the Education for Global Responsibility project at the University of Oulu in its development.
The main parts of the article discuss and analyse the theoretical foundations and practical implications of critical intercultural pedagogy and transformative learning in teacher education in Oulu, Finland. The article ends by summarising the main results from the teacher education experiment,
and with recommendations for future development.
Conceptual and Pedagogical Approaches to the Global Dimension of Youth Work in British Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Sallah Momodou
Published: September 2016

Global youth work (GYW) may be considered as encompassing forms of education with young people which are variously referred to as development education, global citizenship, education for sustainable development, and humanitarian education amongst others. This article reports on primary
research in relation to how GYW is conceptualised and addressed in those Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that deliver youth and community work qualifications across the UK. The research reports specifically on perceived issues of pedagogy, and asks what skills, knowledge and resources
are required to deliver an effective curriculum. The article further explores to what extent HEIs are meeting the needs of the field in regards to addressing a global dimension. The research was based on semi-structured interviews with 43 programme/module leaders in HEIs across Britain,
28 recent youth and community development (YCD) graduates and a focus group comprised of 11 representatives of leading international nongovernmental organisations, HEIs and statutory organisations involved in the delivery of GYW. The research concludes that the conceptualisation of and importance
attached to global youth work varies greatly both between and within HEIs. The extent to which current YCD students are enabled to 'think globally and act locally' may be subject to the vagaries of particular tutors' interests. In addition, there is no definitive agreement as to whether lecturers
need additional skills to deliver effective GYW training. There is agreement, however, that there is a need for the development of suitable GYW curricula and appropriate learning resources within HEIs delivering youth and community work courses.
The Discourse of Results in the Funding of NGO Development Education and Awareness Raising: An experiment in retrospective baseline reflection in the Norwegian context
Authors: Nygaard Arnfinn
Published: September 2016

Government-funded Development Education and Awareness-Raising (DEAR) programmes are under pressure to show results in many European countries, for a variety of reasons. But how can results be measured in cases where funding was originally given in an era before the current results-based
language was in vogue or in use in this field of work? In this article, Arnfinn Nygaard, director of the RORG network in Norway, addresses this anomaly. He presents an experiment in 'retrospective baseline analysis' in a results-based mode, in an effort to find answers to this key question.
He does so from the perspective of an engaged actor in the movement for improved DEAR in Norway and Europe.
Disrupting Liberal Discourse in a Neoliberal World: The Potential of Transformative Education During a Short Term Study Abroad Course in Cuba
Authors: Chaput Catharine , O'Sullivan Michael , Arnold Christine
Published: September 2016

Can transformative learning experiences be achieved in short term study abroad programs given the hold that liberal and neoliberal ideologies have on student thinking? Basing ourselves on Hall's and Foucault's analyses of liberalism and neoliberalism respectively and Mezirow's work
on transformative learning, we examine, and learn from, the experiences of two groups of Canadian students who visited Cuba within the framework of a supposedly transformative program.
What Do We Ask of Global Citizenship Education? A Study of Global Citizenship Education in a Canadian University
Authors: Shultz Lynette
Published: September 2016

This article presents findings from a study of a Canadian university that has named 'global citizenship' as a key educational goal. Drawing on theories of globalization, deliberative democracy, and deliberative processes including discursive closure, this study examines the multiple
demands made of 'global citizenship' in higher education and the subsequent educational projects that are designed to meet this educational goal. The research questioned whether discursive closure was being engaged to limit 'global citizenship' to a modernity project where, as the literature
suggested, (neo) liberalism and universalism ultimately served to make the world the un-gated playground of the elite where they might work, play, and consume without national or local political and cultural restrictions. In contrast, we wondered whether these policy openings might also be
reflections of shifts in practices toward justice, equity, and inclusion with considerations of the historical and cultural histories and legacies of international relations of colonialism and imperialism. Using deliberative dialogue as a data collection method, the researchers were able to
surface educators' multiple understandings of global citizenship as well as possible discursive closure and/or emerging social justice in the courses, projects, and policies of this institution.
Conditions for Mutuality and Reciprocity in Development Education Policy and Pedagogy
Authors: Alasuutari Hanna
Published: September 2016

This paper analyses policies that seem to promote mutuality and reciprocity in development education partnerships and pedagogy. It explores challenges to mutuality and reciprocity in global and development education pedagogy in countries in the Global North and proposes that critical
literacy and ethical intercultural learning can be a way forward to a renegotiation of ideas of self and other and of power relations between the North and South.
Emotion and Agency within NGO Development Education: what is at work and what is at stake in the classroom?
Authors: Tallon Rachel
Published: September 2016

There have been concerns that development education is losing its radical heritage as it becomes populated by educational material produced by non-governmental organisations (NGOs). This paper looks at two interlinked aspects of NGO material, the use of emotion to encourage social action,
and the centrality of the Northern student as part of that action. Empirical research is used to illustrate how these two aspects can arise when a traditional development framework is used when teaching about global inequalities and social justice in the New Zealand context. If these interlinked
aspects are embedded in the formal learning of the classroom, there are possible learning outcomes that are not intended. The paper discusses how the mix of emotion and agency is affected by the relations of power that exist in a classroom. Learning about global inequalities in the classroom
has been discussed in the literature, but with little reference to student voice. This paper seeks to add to the discussion concerning the place and influence of NGO material in schools and how learning about the distant Other is affected by this.
Plan UK and Development Education – the contribution of an international development organisation to learning and understanding about global and development issues
Authors: Bourn Douglas , Kybird Miriam
Published: September 2016

Plan International is a leading international development organisation that applies a rights based approach to achieving its mission of achieving lasting improvements in the quality of life of children in developing countries. In the summer of 2011, Plan in the UK made a decision to
close down its development education programme, as part of a process of re-strategising to focus its organisational resources. Plan UK's development education programme illustrates many of the challenges that International Development Organisations (IDOs) face. Development education practice
led by many IDOs tends to emphasise the relationship of education to social change and development goals. But if development education is perceived in terms of questioning and challenging dominant ideologies, and promoting differing voices and perspectives, then it can only be assessed in
terms of its educational impact.
Service Learning as a Pedagogy of Interruption
Authors: Bruce Judy
Published: September 2016

As a teacher, educator, and strong advocate for service learning, I became very interested in both the opportunities and the limitations of current approaches to service learning. This article begins to sketch an as yet unrealized relational approach to service learning, drawing on
ideas about encounters with Others in the work of the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas. The first part of the article offers a brief introduction to the field of service learning and explores problematic aspects related to traditional and critical approaches in service learning initiatives, where
ideas of objective knowledge of self and Other, teleological notions of progress, and server–served relationships limit possibilities of engagement and transcendence. The second part of the article draws on post-structuralist ideas in education to propose a distinction between the desire
'to learn from the Other' and the risky and difficult disposition to be open 'to being taught by the Other' (Biesta, 2012). I propose a strategic step beyond the limitations of traditional and critical approaches to service learning, where difference is seen as a productive and indispensable
force, and where education is about encountering the world/the Other and being altered by it.
Approaching quality of global education practices through action research: A non-governmental development organization–university collaborative experience
Authors: Boni Alejandra , Torrejón Estela López , Barahona Rodrigo
Published: September 2016

This article intends to describe a collaborative experience between a non-government development organization (NGDO) and a university in the area of development education. The experience has included the design, following an action research methodology, of a system of quality criteria
for experiences promoted by the Network of Educators for Global Citizenship. The network comprises a wide range of people from Spain and is supported by the NGDO Intermón Oxfam. The experience has enabled stakeholders to acquire valuable knowledge, primarily in understanding educational
practices and about how to tackle their analysis.