bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mechanism effects of root exudate on microbial community of rhizosphere soil of tree, shrub, and grass in forest ecosystem under N deposition
Authors: Jing Hang , Wang Huiling , Wang Guoliang , Liu Guobin , Cheng Yi
Published: November 2023

Forests are composed of various plant species, and rhizosphere soil microbes are driven by root exudates. However, the interplay between root exudates, microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of canopy trees, understory shrubs, grasses, and their responses to nitrogen (N) deposition remains unclear. Pinus tabulaeformis, Rosa xanthina, and Carex lancifolia were used to investigate root exudates, rhizosphere soil microbial communities, and their responses to N application in forest ecosystem. Root exudate abundances of P. tabulaeformis were significantly higher than that of R. xanthina and C. lancifolia, with carbohydrates dominating P. tabulaeformis and R. xanthina root exudates, fatty acids prevailing in C. lancifolia root exudates. Following N application, root exudate abundances of P. tabulaeformis and R. xanthina initially increased before decreasing, whereas those of C. lancifolia decreased. Microbial number of rhizosphere soil of C. lancifolia was higher than that of P. tabulaeformis and R. xanthina, but there was insignificant variation of rhizosphere soil microbial diversity among plant species. N application exerted promotional and inhibitory impacts on bacterial and fungal numbers, respectively, while bacterial and fungal diversities were increased by N application. Overall, N application had negative effects on root exudates of P. tabulaeformis, inhibiting rhizosphere soil microbial populations. N application suppressed rhizosphere soil microbial populations by increasing root exudates of R. xanthina. Conversely, N application elevated nutrient content in the rhizosphere soil of C. lancifolia, reducing root exudates and minimally promoting microbial populations. This study highlights the importance of understory vegetation in shaping soil microbial communities within forests under N deposition.
Distance-based detection of paracetamol in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for forensic application
Authors: Moreira Nikaele S. , Pinheiro Kemilly M. P. , Sousa Lucas R. , Garcia Gabriel D. S. , Figueredo Federico , Coltro Wendell K. T.
Published: November 2023

Whisky adulteration is a prevalent practice driven by the high cost of these beverages.
Perovskenes: two-dimensional perovskite-type monolayer materials predicted by first-principles calculations
Authors: Naseri Mosayeb , Amirian Shirin , Faraji Mehrdad , Rashid Mohammad Abdur , Lourenço Maicon Pierre , Thangadurai Venkataraman , Salahub D. R.
Published: November 2023

Perovskenes: a novel family of high-stability two-dimensional perovskite-type monolayer materials with predicted electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties predicted via first-principles calculations.
A graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst with a benzene-ring-modified isotype heterojunction for visible-light-driven hydrogen production
Authors: Uzzaman Monir , Suhag Mahmudul Hassan , Katsumata Hideyuki , Tateishi Ikki , Furukawa Mai , Kaneco Satoshi
Published: November 2023

Benzene rings modified g-C3N4 with an iso-type heterojunction structure (UTPh) promotes significantly higher visible-light driven photocatalytic H2 production due to the efficient photo-charge separation and transfer, and donor-acceptor mechanism.
Bis(tetrelocenes) – fusing tetrelocenes into close proximity
Authors: Bischoff Inga-Alexandra , Morgenstern Bernd , Zimmer Michael , Koldemir Aylin , Pöttgen Rainer , Schäfer André
Published: November 2023

The synthesis and structure of three bis(tetrelocenes) are reported. In these molecules, the central metal atoms are forced to come in close proximity, and the possibility of weak donor–acceptor interactions has been studied.
Co-PBK: a computational biomonitoring tool for assessing chronic internal exposure to chemicals and metabolites
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Zijian
Published: November 2023

A computational tool is introduced for simulating long-term internal exposure to chemicals and their metabolites.
Droplet manipulation on an adjustable closed-open digital microfluidic system utilizing asymmetric EWOD
Authors: Xu Jingsong , Wang Xingcheng , Huang Qingyuan , He Xiaodong
Published: November 2023

We developed a novel adjustable closed-open DMF platform by using modified SLIPS with AEWOD. It features a consistent PCB electrode shape and a floating potential top plate, allowing a highly integrated and easily scalable DMF system to be achieved.
Simulation studies of water adsorption on MIL-101(Cr) revealing the role of inhomogeneous potential field composed of open metal sites and organic linkers
Authors: Hiraide Shotaro , Katayama Yu , Endo Akira , Matsuda Ryotaro , Miyahara Minoru T. , Watanabe Satoshi
Published: November 2023

Simulation studies reveal that the capillary condensation of water on MIL-101(Cr) occurs due to the formation of a liquid film that covers the hydrophobic pore surface, driven by the presence of open metal sites.
The AlN lattice-polarity inversion in a high-temperature-annealed c-oriented AlN/sapphire originated from the diffusion of Al and O atoms from sapphire
Authors: Jiang Ke , Ben Jianwei , Sun Xiaojuan , Shi Zhiming , Wang Xianjun , Fang Tong , Zhang Shanli , Lv Shunpeng , Chen Yang , Jia Yuping , Zang Hang , Liu Mingrui , Li Dabing
Published: November 2023

The polarity inversion in high-temperature annealed c-oriented AlN/sapphire is originated from the diffusion of the Al and O atoms from the sapphire.
Nonlinear optical-active ferrocene conjugated Y-shaped imidazole donor–π–acceptor [(D–π)2–IM–π–A] compounds for dye-sensitized solar cells using non-corrosive copper complexes as a redox mediator
Authors: Prabu Selvam , Francesco Fagnani , Colombo Alessia , Dragonetti Claudia , Biagini Paolo , Melchiorre Fabio , Palanisami Nallasamy
Published: November 2023

A ferrocene conjugated Y-shaped NLO-active chromophore for dye sensitized solar cells using a non-corrosive copper complex as a redox mediator.
Effective antibacterial action of a 2D bimetallic Al/Fe-TCPP NMOF loaded with glucose oxidase by a cascade catalytic reaction and depleting glutathione simultaneously
Authors: Liao Shenghua , Yao Yifan , Duan Jingyi , Zhang Qikun , Du Juan , Wu Shengmei , Wang Fei , Li Caolong
Published: November 2023

Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (NMOFs) with peroxidase-mimicking activity emerged as promising antibacterial agents instead of antibiotics.
Histidine-assisted reduction of arylnitrenes upon photo-activation of phenyl azide chromophores in GFP-like fluorescent proteins
Authors: Grigorenko Bella L. , Khrenova Maria G. , Jones D. Dafydd , Nemukhin Alexander V.
Published: November 2023

A photochemical transformation to arylnitrene occurs in GFP variants with a non-canonical amino acid residue, p-azidophenylalanine, that replaces Tyr66. The arylnitrene reduction is coupled with the oxidation of the nearby His148 side chain.
The multiple roles of rare earth elements in the field of photocatalysis
Authors: An Jing , Qu Yang , Wang Guofeng
Published: November 2023

The role and classification of rare earth elements in photocatalysts are summarized, with the aim of providing suggestions for the future development of rare earth photocatalysts.
Nitrogen-coordinated ruthenium on porous carbon enhanced hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Chen Xin , Wang Kang , Xing Xianran
Published: November 2023

The 4N-coordinated configuration would enhance the performance of hydrogen evolution reactions.
Fabrication and characterization of glucose-oxidase–trehalase electrode based on nanomaterial-coated carbon paper
Authors: Zhang Yanqing , Selvarajan Varshini , Shi Ke , Kim Chang-Joon
Published: November 2023

An EFC consisting of a CP-SWCNT-AuNP10/GOx/Gel-TREH anode and CP-SWCNTs-AuNP10/BOD/Gel cathode stably generates high power.
Effect of Zn–Fe2O3 nanomaterials on the phase separated morphologies of polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Yempally Swathi , Magadia Patricia , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi
Published: November 2023

Piezoelectric PVDF nanocomposite generates high voltage upon finger tapping.
The impact of aggregation of AIE and ACQ moiety-integrating material on the excited state dynamics
Authors: Wu Gui-Yuan , Zhu Hui-Min , Li Hao , Zhang Kai , Zhang Xianyi , Yan Dong , Zhang Xiu-Du , Lin Lili , Lu Zhou
Published: November 2023

Introduced TPEIP, a novel fluorescent material combining AIE and ACQ properties. Increased aggregation reduces ISC and radiative transitions, providing insights into excited-state dynamics in molecular aggregates.
A DFT investigation of lead-free TlSnX3 (X = Cl, Br, or I) perovskites for potential applications in solar cells and thermoelectric devices
Authors: Pingak Redi Kristian , Bouhmaidi Soukaina , Harbi Amine , Setti Larbi , Nitti Fidelis , Moutaabbid M. , Johannes Albert Z. , Hauwali Nikodemus U. J. , Ndii Meksianis Z.
Published: November 2023

DFT was employed to computationally investigate the potential application of novel lead-free perovskites TlSnX3 (X = Cl, Br, or I) in photovoltaic and thermoelectric devices.
Synthesis of small protein domains by automated flow chemistry
Authors: Ferentzi Kristóf , Nagy-Fazekas Dóra , Farkas Viktor , Perczel András
Published: November 2023

The smart peptide chemistry in flow method, or SPF for short, has been fine-tuned to enable the efficient, rapid, cost-effective and more environmentally friendly synthesis of small domain proteins, each representing a basic fold type.
Structure–property relationships of epoxy functionalized enoate ester-based tailored hybrid gels doped with different polysaccharides
Authors: Er Mertcan , Orakdogen Nermin
Published: November 2023

Natural polymer-based cryogenically structured hybrids were prepared by constructing synergistic interaction among poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) and polysaccharides; hyaluronic acid, dextrin, maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum.
A cilia-inspired micropatterned sensor with a high-permittivity dielectric hydrogel for ultrasensitive mechanoreception both in air and underwater
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Liao Jiaqi , Liu Chencong , Sun Qingfeng , Shamshina Julia L. , Shen Xiaoping
Published: November 2023

Hydrogel mechanosensors have garnered increasing attention for their diverse applications in human–machine interfaces, healthcare monitoring, and underwater technologies.
Utilizing the synergistic effect between the Schottky barrier and field redistribution to achieve high-density, low-consumption, cellulose-based flexible dielectric films for next-generation green energy storage capacitors
Authors: Sun Zixiong , Wei Hansong , Zhao Shibo , Guo Qing , Bai Yuhan , Wang Siting , Sun Peiyao , Du Kang , Ning Yating , Tian Ye , Zhang Xiaohua , Jing Hongmei , Pu Yongping , Zhang Sufeng
Published: November 2023

Due to the synergistic effect of field redistribution and the Fermi level's moving, an ESD of 31.07 J cm−3 with η of 80.03% was obtained in the SZS, which is the best performance in cellulose-based dielectric capacitors to the authors' knowledge.
Plasmonic nanoprobes on single AuNTs for evaluating and monitoring the dynamic release of 2D drug carriers
Authors: Yu Zejie , Wang Yi , Cai Miaomiao , Chen Jiachang , Zou Qirong , Fan Quli , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2023

A novel detection strategy for dynamic monitoring of drug release was developed using gold nano-triangular sheets. The pronounced spectral shifts in their LSPR scattering spectra can be used to assess drug loading and release and release kinetics.
Tea polyphenol carrier-enhanced dexamethasone nanomedicines for inflammation-targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yi Zeng , Ran Yaqin , Chen Xiangyu , Tong Qiulan , Ma Lei , Tan Yunfei , Ma Xiaomin , Li Xudong
Published: November 2023

Tea polyphenol self-assembled nanocarriers synergistically enhance dexamethasone treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through antioxidant and inflammation targeting.
Calixarene-based cryoprotectants for ice recrystallization inhibition and cell cryopreservation
Authors: Hu Bing , Li Juan-Juan , Ren Yan-Bin , Zhang Tian-Xing , Chen Li-Bin , Li Xiao-Liu , Guo Dong-Sheng , Wang Ke-Rang
Published: November 2023

Five calixarene-based cryoprotectants with ice recrystallization inhibition activity and a cellular cryopreservation effect were studied, which provided a supramolecular principle for the development of novel cryoprotectants.
Spin state manipulation of a spiropyran (SP) and Dy complex with SP ligand molecules on Au(111) by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Hou Jie , Li Dongzhe , Norel Lucie , Rigaut Stéphane , Wang Zhipeng , Shan Lei , Komeda Tadahiro
Published: November 2023

The tunneling electrons triggered conformational changes of SP to MC and SP-DyL(hfac)2 to MC-DyL(hfac)2 were successfully implemented with tunneling electrons injection.
A review on diverse streams of interface engineering for organic thin-film transistors
Authors: Kwon Jin-Hyuk , Kim Min-Hoi , Bae Jin-Hyuk
Published: November 2023

This review article provides a critical overview of the diverse technological streams of interface engineering formed in the field of OTFTs.
Three-dimensional branched SiC nanowire field emitters with single-crystal integrated structures and increased emission sites: ultralow turn-on field and high stability
Authors: Liu Jianhong , Yang Yang , Song Kai , Li Weijun , Wang Hulin , Vityuk Nadiya , Klymenko Nataliia , Krupska Tetyana V. , Turov Vladimir V. , Zhao Xinsheng , Yang Weiyou , Chen Shanliang , Li Xiaoxiao
Published: November 2023

High-performance single-crystal integrated three-dimensional nanowire field emitters with high-density SiC dendrites surrounding SiC backbone nanowires were explored.
New pentlandite-like oxide semiconductors IrIn6XYO8 (X = Ga, In; Y = Ge, Sn, Ti) as potential candidates for photocatalytic water splitting under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Liu Dan , Lu Shiyu , Xiang Siyu , Zhang Han , Yang Qian , Di Yongjiang , Ma Yilong , Wang Rong
Published: November 2023

Chemical bond analysis points out that the orbital interactions of the In–O/In bond are responsible for the final band edge structures. This intrinsic band features facilitate visible light absorption and electron migration.
Molecular engineering of the polymer stabilizing network to enhance the electro-optic response of cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Pande Gaurav K. , Radka Brian P. , McCracken Joselle M. , White Timothy J.
Published: November 2023

The selective reflection of the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) phase in the planar orientation can be tuned or broadened by the incorporation of polymer stabilizing networks (PSCLC).
A high-performance self-powered photodetector based on SnP2S6 in the visible light region
Authors: Wang Shuxian , Song Jiaming , Zong Linghao , Yang Juanjuan , Li Bingda , Teng Feng , Hu Peng , Fan Haibo , Zhao Xin
Published: November 2023

The SnP2S6-based MSM photodetector with asymmetric electrode contacts demonstrated prominent self-powered photoelectric response in visible light region, which provides a possible way for its application in portable energy saving devices.
Dielectric behaviour of nitrogen doped perovskite SrTiO3−δNδ films
Authors: Tyunina M. , Rusevich L. L. , Savinov M. , Kotomin E. A. , Dejneka A.
Published: November 2023

Substitution of oxygen with nitrogen lowers crystal symmetry and modifies lattice vibrations in SrTiO3. The dielectric permittivity decreases through these intrinsic transformations and it increases due to dipolar relaxation of nitrogen-induced nanoregions.
Effects of tidal deformation on planetary phase curves
Authors: Akinsanmi Babatunde , Lendl Monika , Boué Gwenael , Barros Susana C. C.
Published: November 2023

With the continuous improvement in the precision of exoplanet observations, it has become feasible to probe for subtle effects that can enable a more comprehensive characterization of exoplanets. A notable example is the tidal deformation of ultra-hot Jupiters by their host stars, whose detection can provide valuable insights into the planetary interior structure. In this work we extend previous research on modeling deformation in transit light curves by proposing a straightforward approach to account for tidal deformation in phase curve observations. The planetary shape is modeled as a function of the second fluid Love number for radial deformation h2f. For a planet in hydrostatic equilibrium, h2f provides constraints on the interior structure of the planet. We show that the effect of tidal deformation manifests across the full orbit of the planet as its projected area varies with phase, thereby allowing us to better probe the planet’s shape in phase curves than in transits. Comparing the effects and detectability of deformation by different space-based instruments (JWST, HST, PLATO, CHEOPS, and TESS), we find that the effect of deformation is more prominent in infrared observations where the phase curve amplitude is the largest. A single JWST phase curve observation of a deformed planet, such as WASP-12 b, can allow up to a 17σ measurement of h2f compared to 4σ from transit-only observation. This high-precision h2f measurement can constrain the core mass of the planet to within 19% of the total mass, thus providing unprecedented constraints on the interior structure. Due to the lower phase curve amplitudes in the optical, the other instruments provide ≤ 4σ precision on h2f depending on the number of phase curves observed. We also find that detecting deformation from infrared phase curves is less affected by uncertainty in limb darkening, unlike detection in transits. Finally, the assumption of sphericity when analyzing the phase curve of deformed planets can lead to biases in several system parameters (radius, dayside and nightside temperatures, and hotspot offset, among others), thereby significantly limiting their accurate characterization.
S 308 and other X-ray emitting bubbles around Wolf–Rayet stars
Authors: Camilloni Francesco , Becker Werner , Sasaki Manami
Published: November 2023

Context. S 308 is an X-ray emitting bubble that surrounds the Wolf–Rayet star WR6. The structure shines in the optical as well and is thus known as the Dolphin Nebula. Due to its large angular extent, it has been covered at only 90% with past XMM-Newton observations.

Aims. Thanks to the unique dataset provided by the all-sky survey performed in X-rays by SRG/eROSITA, we can show for the first time the image of the bubble in its entire extent in this band, together with its spectral characterization. Moreover, we have tried to apply the same procedure for other wind-blown bubbles detected in the optical/IR and we searched for X-ray extended emission around them.

Methods. We first analyzed the diffuse emission of S308, providing a detailed spectral analysis. We then considered a sample of 22 optical/IR selected wind-blown bubbles from a previous study based on WISE data, providing an estimate of the X-ray flux for the first time.

Results. We obtained the best fit for S308 with a two-temperature non-equilibrium plasma model (kT1 = 0.8-0.3+0.8 keV and kT2 = 2-1+3 keV) showing super-solar N abundance and low absorption. We did not detect any of the 22 optical/IR emitting bubbles in X-rays, but using our best fit model, we estimated the 3σ flux upper limits for each bubble.

Conclusions. We demonstrate the new possibility offered by SRG/eROSITA to study known wind-blown bubbles and look for other ones. A two-temperature plasma description seems to fit the data quite well for S308. Since all of the 22 bubbles studied still remain undetected by SRG/eROSITA, it is very likely that absorption effects and spatial compactness are responsible for the challenges standing in the way of detecting these bubbles in soft X-rays.
Ausbildungskonzepte im Feld Digitalisierung und künstlicher Intelligenz in der Kardiologie
Authors: Johnson Victoria , Breitbart Philipp
Published: November 2023

Digitalisierung und künstliche Intelligenz (KI) sind aus dem klinischen Alltag nicht mehr
wegzudenken. Dennoch gibt es bisher kaum eine strukturierte Fort- und Weiterbildung in diesem
neuen, aber wichtigen Feld der Medizin. Zum jetzigen Stand existieren lediglich vereinzelte
Projekte an Universitäten oder auf Tagungen, jedoch keine flächendeckende, curriculare
Ausbildung. Dringend sind hier interdisziplinäre Fortbildungskonzepte gefordert, die nicht nur
die technischen Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung und KI adressieren, sondern auch ihre
jetzigen bzw. zukünftigen Anwendungsgebiete im klinischen Alltag. Dies sollte bereits während
des Studiums eine zentrale Rolle einnehmen und anschließend im Rahmen von Fortbildungen oder
Kongressbesuchen während der klinischen Ausbildung vertieft werden.
The Complex Role of Thrombin in Cancer and Metastasis: Focus on Interactions with the Immune System
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Karolina , Hempel Dominika , Polityńska Barbara , Wojtukiewicz Anna M. , Honn Kenneth V. , Tang Dean G. , Wojtukiewicz Marek Z.
Published: November 2023

Thrombin, a pleiotropic enzyme involved in coagulation, plays a crucial role in both procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, initiates platelet activation, and promotes clot formation. Thrombin also activates anticoagulant pathways, indirectly inhibiting factors involved in coagulation. Tissue factor triggers thrombin generation, and the overexpression of thrombin in various cancers suggests that it is involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Increased thrombin generation has been observed in cancer patients, especially those with metastases. Thrombin exerts its effects through protease-activated receptors (PARs), particularly PAR-1 and PAR-2, which are involved in cancer progression, angiogenesis, and immunological responses. Thrombin-mediated signaling promotes angiogenesis by activating endothelial cells and platelets, thereby releasing proangiogenic factors. These functions of thrombin are well recognized and have been widely described. However, in recent years, intriguing new findings concerning the association between thrombin activity and cancer development have come to light, which justifies a review of this research. In particular, there is evidence that thrombin-mediated events interact with the immune system, and may regulate its response to tumor growth. It is also worth reevaluating the impact of thrombin on thrombocytes in conjunction with its multifaceted influence on tumor progression. Understanding the role of thrombin/PAR-mediated signaling in cancer and immunological responses is crucial, particularly in the context of developing immunotherapies. In this systematic review, we focus on the impact of the thrombin-related immune system response on cancer progression.
Enhancing federal inter-governmental relations and state building in Somalia
Authors: Hashi Mohamed Bile , Barasa Tiberius
Published: November 2023

Federalism is regarded as the ideal strategy for Somalia in forming a power-sharing agreement among Somali clans and a workable solution to the national unity, peace and security. Despite the adoption of federalism in Somalia, the reality on the ground is different as Somalia has continued to be in a state of political quandary. Available literature says little about the Inter-Governmental Relations (IGR) and civic state building as a possible cause of political quandary. This study explores Somalia’s Federal-state Inter-Governmental Relations and civic state building. It seeks to answer the question, how and to what extent have the intergovernmental relations between the federal government and federal member states affect civic state building in Somalia? Utilizing a qualitative approach specifically, synthesis of literature, in-depth interviews and guided questionnaire, the study suggests that despite the existence of a federal structure, intergovernmental relations between the federal government and the member states have been characterized by tensions and conflicts; the federal and state apparatuses lack appropriate provisions in the constitution and that the minimal federal-state IGR laws that are now in place are not honored and applied by both levels of the federal government. This study also suggests that there is no effective, agreed-upon model of IGRs and power sharing in Somalia between the federal government and member states, thus constraining any kind of progression in the federal institutions. This study also shows how dangerous it is to neglect indigenous approaches of state building that take into account Somali culture, religion, and customs. The findings of this study contributes to the scholarly discourse on civic state-building, federalism, and IGRs in post-conflict settings. This study recommends a review of the federal-state intergovernmental relations laws paying attention to cultural and religious significance, to strengthen federal-state IGRs.
Gender roles in Spanish cinema: a critical and creative process around the word ‘woman’
Authors: Martínez-Vérez María Victoria , Albar-Mansoa Pedro Javier
Published: November 2023

The aim of the study is to analyze the evolution of gender roles and to generate, from a feminist and intergenerational perspective, a cognitive change in the participants, using film and discussion groups as mediating techniques, since they are considered appropriate to analyze the evolution of gender roles and to raise awareness, from a feminist and intergenerational perspective, about the importance of gender roles in people’s lives. To this end, an intergenerational project, called “ Women in the focus”, was created within the framework of the Master’s program at the Complutense University of Madrid, which allows 75 women, belonging to three different generations, to reflect on the concept of gender and the expectations linked to the term, through three films produced in different decades: The Red Cross girls by Rafael J. Salvia (1958); Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown by Pedro Almodóvar (1988); and My life whith out you by Isabel Coixet (2003). Once the films had been viewed, 21 focus groups were organized, made up of between 3 and 5 women of different ages and, in order to analyze the experience, the 21 coordinators of the discussion groups were interviewed. The data obtained from the interviews and the focus groups were analyzed following a qualitative approach, through the technique of content analysis. The results show that feminist thought has had an impact on the lives of Spanish women, but in different ways depending on their age, thus, there is a discrepancy regarding the roles that women have to fulfill, a difference based on the difficulties they have had to face. With respect to the choice of film and the focus group as research techniques, it is possible to affirm that they have worked, since they have allowed women of three different generations to dialogue and review their approaches to the social construction of gender from a diachronic perspective, generating an empathetic discourse of acceptance and sisterhood, which implies, in spite of the discrepancies, the recognition of the difficulties of each generation of women.
General education competencies from students’ perspectives: a case study of a sports university in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Crystal Jia-Yi
Published: November 2023

In this highly competitive world, many students seem to focus more on getting a degree rather than on cultivating general education competencies. The study adopted importance-performance analysis (IPA) to assess sports university students’ opinions of general education competencies and the quality of the general education programme. The findings showed that students thought highly of the competencies surveyed; however, there was a quality performance gap for the competencies. In addition, students’ priorities of the competencies reflected the characteristics of their college; and their perceptions of importance could predict their satisfaction with the general education programme. It is recommended that features of competencies-based education (CBE) be utilized to allow learning to be more flexible and student-centred for sports university students. What’s more, both teachers and students need to be made aware of what the competencies mean and why it is necessary to have these abilities. The study concluded that IPA provided information from students’ perspectives, but improving students’ satisfaction and providing quality education that students really need should go hand in hand. This requires the university to interpret IPA results with careful consideration of the context.
Twitch as a privileged locus to analyze young people’s attitudes in the climate change debate: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Navarro Andrés , Tapiador Francisco J.
Published: November 2023

Social media platforms are becoming an increasingly important venue for public debate. Twitch, in particular, is a popular streaming platform that targets young adults. Originally created for online video game players, the platform also includes other types of content, such as politics, leisure, and science. Here, we present a study that examines climate change discourse on this understudied platform. Unlike previous studies, this work does not only focus on users’ reactions to streamer discourse but, using an ad-hoc methodology, also analyzes the content of the videos. Indeed, an added value of this research is the development of an objective evaluation based on automatic speech recognition (ASP) and natural language processing (NLP). We found that Twitch is an emergent locus for climate discussion with a thriving community of young users interested in the topic. Our findings challenge the understanding of social media discourse on climate change and suggest that platform architecture and intended commercial goals do not play a decisive role in shaping the topics circulating on them. In contrast, our findings support the idea that public discussion on climate change percolates through technology. In other words, the public debate finds its way across existing channels rather than being constrained by them. The research also contributes to the literature by expanding the empirical base for the study of online communication about climate change, especially among young audiences.
Wires for wearable electronic devices get a flexible makeover
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: November 2023

Liquid metal composite wire is a low-cost, patternable, and stretchable option for soft robotic devices.
Coalescence-induced jumping of unequal-sized droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Huang Ting-en , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2023

In this study, a numerical investigation is conducted to explore the jumping behavior triggered by the coalescence of two droplets of different sizes on a superhydrophobic surface for a deep understanding of the jumping behavior and physical mechanisms, which can contribute to improving the performance of superhydrophobic surfaces for various applications relevant to the manipulation of droplet behavior. The results show that the upward centroidal velocity at a contact angle of 180° is 14.2% smaller than that at 169° at the jump-off moment. However, it is about 45.8% larger as the radius of the small droplet decreases from 200 to 50 µm. The jump-off occurs when the centroidal height is higher than the radius of the sphere estimated from the summed volumes of two coalesced droplets and when the coalesced droplet is with an upward velocity.
20 GHz fiber-integrated femtosecond pulse and supercontinuum generation with a resonant electro-optic frequency comb
Authors: Sekhar Pooja , Fredrick Connor , Carlson David R. , Newman Zachary L. , Diddams Scott A.
Published: November 2023

Frequency combs with mode spacing of 10–20 GHz are critical for increasingly important applications such as astronomical spectrograph calibration, high-speed dual-comb spectroscopy, and low-noise microwave generation. While electro-optic modulators and microresonators can provide narrowband comb sources at this repetition rate, a significant remaining challenge is a means to produce pulses with sufficient peak power to initiate nonlinear supercontinuum generation spanning hundreds of terahertz (THz) as required for self-referencing. Here, we provide a simple, robust, and universal solution to this problem using off-the-shelf polarization-maintaining amplification and nonlinear fiber components. This fiber-integrated approach for nonlinear temporal compression and supercontinuum generation is demonstrated with a resonant electro-optic frequency comb at 1550 nm. We show how to readily achieve pulses shorter than 60 fs at a repetition rate of 20 GHz. The same technique can be applied to picosecond pulses at 10 GHz to demonstrate temporal compression by 9× and achieve 50 fs pulses with a peak power of 5.5 kW. These compressed pulses enable flat supercontinuum generation spanning more than 600 nm after propagation through multi-segment dispersion-tailored anomalous-dispersion highly nonlinear fibers or tantala waveguides. The same 10 GHz source can readily achieve an octave-spanning spectrum for self-referencing in dispersion-engineered silicon nitride waveguides. This simple all-fiber approach to nonlinear spectral broadening fills a critical gap for transforming any narrowband 10–20 GHz frequency comb into a broadband spectrum for a wide range of applications that benefit from the high pulse rate and require access to the individual comb modes.
Energy levels of carbon dangling-bond center (PbC center) at 4H-SiC(0001)/SiO2 interface
Authors: Sometani Mitsuru , Nishiya Yusuke , Kondo Ren , Inohana Rei , Zeng Hongyu , Hirai Hirohisa , Okamoto Dai , Matsushita Yu-ichiro , Umeda Takahide
Published: November 2023

The electric properties of the carbon dangling-bond (PbC) center at a thermally oxidized 4H-SiC(0001)/SiO2 interface are investigated. We experimentally and theoretically determine the energy levels of the associated interface states to estimate the impacts of the PbC center on power device operations. By combining electrically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy and capacitance–voltage measurements, the two PbC electronic levels [(0/−) and (+/0)] are determined as ∼1.2 and 0.6 eV from the valence band maximum, respectively. The effective correlation energy of the PbC center is 0.6 eV, which is 1.5 times larger than that of the silicon dangling-bond (Pb) center at Si/SiO2 interfaces. Our first-principles calculations confirm that the electronic levels of PbC are similar to experimental values. Considering these energy levels, the PbC center must impact both p- and n-channel devices, which is closely related to previously reported channel features.
Study on the application of artificial neural network-based flamelet/progress variable model in supersonic combustion
Authors: Lian Chengyue , Tang Tao , Wang Hongbo , Yu Jiangfei , Sun Mingbo , Xiong Dapeng , Yang Yixin
Published: November 2023

The flamelet model has the characteristics of high efficiency and physical intuition and has excellent application prospects in supersonic turbulent combustion simulation. Expanding the dimensions of the flamelet model is a potential direction for model development in order to improve its applicability and accuracy, but the accompanying surge in memory is a problem that must be avoided. Therefore, the idea of using the artificial neural network (ANN) model to replace the flamelet database is a feasible exploration currently and has been preliminarily applied in 2D flamelet databases based on central processing unit frameworks. Based on the 3D flamelet database of the flamelet/progress variable (FPV) model, this article studies the strategy of using ANN to replace the flamelet database of the FPV model in a graphics processing unit framework. Due to the significant influence of the progress variable source term and heat release rate on the combustion calculation and the large range of these two parameters, four data processing methods are used to train the parameters separately, and three indicators are used to evaluate the training performance. Subsequently, based on the ANN model using different data processing methods mentioned earlier, calculations are conducted on a hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustion, and the computational accuracy is evaluated. The results indicate that the strategy proposed in this study can screen out artificial neural network replacement models with the same accuracy as the traditional flamelet model.
Analysis and modeling of the influence of uniform field and nonuniform field on stream discharge under the flow field
Authors: Zhang Jialin , Kang Yongqiang , Shi Zhipeng , Pu Xuhong , Li Shuaibing , Li Hongwei
Published: November 2023

Streamer discharge theory does not consider the influence of airflow on discharge. However, it is found experimentally that the airflow causes a great change in the breakdown process, especially in a nonuniform field. In this paper, a physical model of spark discharge in airflow is established considering the combined effect of the decrease in airflow density and the blowing away of positive ions and electrons on the breakdown process. Furthermore, the classic streamer breakdown criteria both in uniform field and nonuniform field are modified. This model extends the classic streamer breakdown criterion for static gases to the airflow environment.
The 2020 to 2021 California megafires and their impacts on wildlife habitat
Authors: Ayars Jessalyn , Kramer H. Anu , Jones Gavin M.
Published: November 2023

Fire activity during 2020 to 2021 in California, USA, was unprecedented in the modern record. More than 19,000 km
2
of forest vegetation burned (10× more than the historical average), potentially affecting the habitat of 508 vertebrate species. Of the >9,000 km
2
that burned at high severity, 89% occurred in large patches that exceeded historical estimates of maximum high-severity patch size. In this 2-y period, 100 vertebrate species experienced fire across >10% of their geographic range, 16 of which were species of conservation concern. These 100 species experienced high-severity fire across 5 to 14% of their ranges, underscoring potentially important changes to habitat structure. Species in this region are not adapted to high-severity megafires. Management actions, such as prescribed fires and mechanical thinning, can curb severe fire behavior and reduce the potential negative impacts of uncharacteristic fires on wildlife.
What is risk? The challenge of defining ‘risk’ in caries risk assessment
Authors: Senneby Anna , Fransson Helena , Vareman Niklas
Published: November 2023

No Abstract
Complete uncertainty analysis of a simple undergraduate experiment for the measurement of Planck’s constant using python
Authors: Mandal Siba Prasad , Mukhopadhyay Arjun
Published: November 2023

The detailed analysis of propagation of errors in an undergraduate experiment is not dealt with utmost carefulness in general. Here an experiment is chosen from the proposed B.Sc. (Hons.) Physics syllabus submitted to the University Grant Commission, India under choice based credit system. The step by step determination of Planck’s constant and uncertainties introduced in each step are described. The least square fittings between various data sets and the evaluation of the associated uncertainties are done using python codes. Although similar experiments were studied previously, simple modification is made to improve the accuracy of the result. The major portion of the uncertainty in determining Planck’s constant arises from the least squares fitting of a particular data set containing the logarithms of the photodetector currents and the reciprocal of bulb temperatures. Another significant contribution in this regard comes from the measurement of the bulb resistance at room temperature. So a relatively high-resolution measuring instrument is used.
Perturbed solutions in matter FLRW model with R

μ
ν

R

μ
ν
and R
4 gravity
Authors: Bairagi Mithun
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we consider the R

μ
ν

R

μ
ν
and R
4 gravity corrections to the general relativity (GR)-based cosmological model, and then apply the perturbation theory to first order to explore the effects of these corrections on the results obtained from the GR-based cosmological model. This cosmological model suggests a small nonzero value (∼10−3) of the equation of State (EoS) parameter (w) of the matter field. We calculate the Hubble parameter and the deceleration parameter using the perturbed solutions of the scale factor, which are in very good agreement with the recent observational data. Additionally, we also explore the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics under the R

μ
ν

R

μ
ν
and R
4 gravity theories.
A new four-dimensional hyperchaotic system with hidden attractors and multistablity
Authors: Yang Min , Dong Chengwei , Sui Xiaohong
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a novel 4D hyperchaotic system with hidden attractors and coexisting attractors, which have no equilibrium points. The dynamic behavior of the system and five groups of coexisting attractors are analyzed by applying phase space diagrams, bifurcation diagrams and the Lyapunov exponents spectrum. Additionally, the system’s stable limit cycles and unstable periodic orbits were calculated through the variational method and then encoded using symbolic dynamics. The numerical results were verified via a circuit simulation, confirming the realizability of the novel hyperchaotic system in hardware facilities. Finally, we applied the active synchronization control method to the new system with remarkable results.
Subdiffusive transport of runaway electrons in presence of small amplitude MHD perturbations in COMPASS
Authors: Casolari A. , Gobbin M. , Spizzo G. , Cerovsky J. , Ficker O. , Macusova E. ,   the COMPASS team
Published: November 2023

Radial transport of runaway electrons (REs) in tokamaks is affected by the presence of magnetic perturbations, either caused by internal magnetohydrodynamic instabilities or induced by external coils. The magnetic field configuration inside the plasma volume consists in general of intact magnetic surfaces alternated with magnetic islands and stochastic layers, which make the usual diffusive approach, based on the Rechester–Rosenbluth formula, inadequate to the study of transport. Here the fractional diffusion approach is employed to model RE transport in presence of intrinsic magnetic perturbations (magnetic islands) in the flat-top phase of RE-dedicated discharges on COMPASS tokamak. The character of RE transport is found to be subdiffusive. The degree of subdiffusion is evaluated by running simulations with the ORBIT code and a time-fractional diffusion equation is applied to calculate the time evolution of RE particle number. The results are compared with the observed RE losses, estimated from the time integrated neutron signal.
The improvements to the minimum curvature race line optimization
Authors: Chen Ruoyu
Published: November 2023

Motorsports is gaining increasingly large and broad attention and simulations using modern information technology on race performance are in demand. This paper focuses on the improvements of the minimum curvature method on optimal racing lines for a race car. The key contribution of the improvements is to generate a more realistic optimal racing line, therefore getting a better description of the car and driver performance. The improvements contain the introduction of the kerb of the track and the late apex technique applied by drivers during the race. The effect of two improvements is verified in the simulation racing software Assetto Corsa and the result shows that the introduction of the kerb raises the lap time accuracy by 90% and the late apex trajectory is matched with the actual path.
Potential future bottlenecks for soft robots and their corresponding solutions
Authors: Yu Wancheng
Published: November 2023

This paper briefly introduces the current situation of soft robots. Then, through the analysis of the current situation, it is concluded that there are two bottlenecks for soft robots, which are material bottleneck and performance bottleneck. In terms of materials, a usable soft robot often requires multiple tasks at the same time, but soft robots lack materials that can meet the needs of multiple tasks at present. In terms of performance, soft robots are different from traditional robots. Soft robots have unlimited degrees of freedom, which will lead to the CPU processing a large amount of data. Therefore, this paper proposes to introduce the concept of robot group into soft robots and solve the problems existing in soft robots by using the characteristics of low CPU and low individual strength requirements of robot groups.
Application of trapped ions in quantum-computing: Fidelity, scalability and integrated technology
Authors: Xiaoxiao Wang
Published: November 2023

Quantum computing, which is based on the rules of quantum mechanics, has great potential in many fields for its theoretical ability to simulate any natural process based on quantum mechanics. Many types of physical implementations of quantum computers have been developed, and the method based on trapped ions is a promising one. However, there is still a lot of work that need to be done, like how to improve the fidelity and scalability of those quantum computers. Besides laser light, microwave and waveguides have also been used in some experiments.
Modeling of continuum robots: A review
Authors: Luo Kelan
Published: November 2023

Continuum robots offer good environmental adaptability and superior safety in human-robot interaction. This paper describes the state of the art in continuum robot modeling and summarizes and evaluates the mainstream continuum robot modeling approaches in the current community through three different classifications: continuum models, geometric models, and data-driven models. Finally, the paper provides a summary of existing research approaches and provides future research opportunities in continuum robot modeling.
The study for optimization strategies on the performance of DCGAN
Authors: Li Sijia
Published: November 2023

Since Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN) was proposed, it has been perceived as a model with difficulty in training due to several factors. To solve this problem, dozens of optimization strategies were presented, but none of them was compared with the others. In this paper, the author chose three representative methods, namely one-label smoothing, the two Time-Scale Update Rule (TTUR), and the Earth-Mover Distance (EMD) or Wasserstein-1 to make a comparison of the optimization effect on the DCGAN model. To be specific, these three approaches were adopted respectively while using MNIST and Fashion-MNIST as datasets. One-side label smoothing was designed to prevent overconfidence in the model by adding a penalty term in the discriminator. TTUR was a simpler update strategy that could help the model find the stationary local Nash equilibrium under mild assumptions. EMD was an alternative loss function that enabled the model to distinguish the difference while the real distribution and generated distribution were not overlapped. Contrast experiments were conducted both vertically and horizontally. The author applied these three methods with the same dataset and the same method with different datasets in order to compare the time of the model collapse, the trend of loss in line graphs, and the impact of different datasets on results. Experimental results indicated that both one-label smoothing and TTUR postponed the model collapse while EMD completely get rid of it. Furthermore, generated images may lose texture information when using more complicated datasets.