bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method for the One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Salehi Peyman , Dabiri Minoo , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Baghbanzadeh Mostafa
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Furoxano[3,4‐b]pyrazines: The First Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure.
Authors: Yudin Igor L. , Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Averkiev Boris B. , Antipin Mikhail Yu.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular‐Iodine‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Chen Wei‐Yi , Lu Jun
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Xenibellols A and B, New Diterpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Xenia umbellata
Authors: El‐Gamal Ali A. H. , Wang Shang‐Kwei , Duh Chang‐Yih
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cytotoxic ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon weisiensis C. Y. Wu.
Authors: Ding Lan , Liu Guo‐Ah , Yang Dong‐Juan , Wang Han , Wang Lai , Sun Kun
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Three New Highly Oxygenated Diterpenoids from Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour
Authors: Yang Jing‐Hua , Luo Shi‐De , Zhao Jing‐Feng , Wang Yun‐song , Huang Rong , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Li Liang
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Secoatisane‐ and Isopimarane‐Type Diterpenoids from the Chinese Mangrove Excoecaria agallocha L.
Authors: Wang Ji‐Dong , Li Zhen‐Yu , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sarcophytonolides A (I) ‐ D (IV), Four New Cembranolides from the Hainan Soft Coral Sarcophyton sp.
Authors: Jia Rui , Guo Yue‐Wei , Mollo Ernesto , Cimino Guido
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Base‐Selective H—D Exchange Reaction of Nucleosides in Deuterium Oxide.
Authors: Sajiki Hironao , Esaki Hiroyoshi , Aoki Fumiyo , Maegawa Tomohiro , Hirota Kosaku
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Simple Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Sarkomycin.
Authors: Kar Anirban , Argade Narshinha P.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Expeditious Synthesis of Nocardiolactone.
Authors: Sun Ya‐Ping , Wu Yikang
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and Structural Characterization of Stable Cs2O Closed‐Cage Structures.
Authors: Albu‐Yaron Ana , Arad Talmon , Popovitz‐Biro Ronit , Bar‐Sadan Maya , Prior Yehiam , Jansen Martin , Tenne Reshef
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermally Stable Nanocrystalline γ‐Alumina Layers with Highly Ordered 3D Mesoporosity.
Authors: Kuemmel Monika , Grosso David , Boissiere Cedric , Smarsly Bernd , Brezesinski Torsten , Albouy Pierre A. , Amenitsch Heinz , Sanchez Clement
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Ionic Liquids—Imidazolium Salts with a Difluoromethylene Fragment Directly Bonded to the Nitrogen Atom.
Authors: Yagupolskii Yurii L. , Sokolenko Taras M. , Petko Kiril I. , Yagupolskii Lev M.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Actinide Materials Adopt Curvature: Nanotubules and Nanospheres
Authors: Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of “Clusters” and Coordination Polymers of Alkali, Alkaline Earth Metal and Group 11 Compounds
Authors: Fromm Katharina M. , Gueneau Estelle D. , Robin Adeline Y. , Maudez William , Sague Jorge , Bergougnant Remi
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metathesis Strategy in Nucleoside Chemistry
Authors: Amblard Franck , Nolan Steven P. , Agrofoglio Luigi A.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Homogeneous Hydrogenations: Olefins
Authors: Boerner Armin , Holz Jens
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Present Trends in the Application of Genetic Algorithms to Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Holena Martin
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Non‐Enzymatic Template‐Directed RNA Synthesis
Authors: Hey Marcus , Goebel Michael
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Introduction of Hypermodified Nucleotides in RNA
Authors: Davis Darrell R. , Bajji Ashok C.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Di‐ and Oligonucleotide Synthesis Using H‐Phosphonate Chemistry
Authors: Stawinski Jacek , Stroemberg Roger
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rotaxane‐type Complexation Behavior of Cyclodextrins with a Series of Donor—Acceptor Covalently Linked Compounds
Authors: Morozumi Tatsuya , Kimura Takashi , Ujiie Tomomi , Yonemura Hiroaki , Matsuo Taku , Nakamura Hiroshi
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Isotopically Labeled Substituted Indoles and Isatins
Authors: Stoddard Eli A. , Wheeler William J.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Calixarenes
Authors: Boehmer Volker
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective and Clean Reactions in Fluorinated Alcohols
Authors: Begue Jean‐Piere , Bonnet‐Delpon Daniele , Crousse Benoit
Published: September 2005

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Enantioselective Catalysis in Non‐Biphasic Conditions
Authors: Takeuchi Seiji , Nakamura Yutaka
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Catalysis: Biphasic Conditions
Authors: Sinou Denis
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metal‐Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon Bond Forming Reactions in Fluorous Biphasic Systems
Authors: Schneider Siegfried , Tzschucke Carl Christoph , Bannwarth Willi
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluorous Scavengers
Authors: Lindsley Craig W. , Leister William H.
Published: September 2005

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Highlights of Applications in Synthesis and Catalysis: Synthetic Applications of Fluorous Reagents
Authors: Dandapani Sivaraman
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Getting Started in Synthesis: A Tabular Guide to Selected Monofunctional Fluorous Compounds
Authors: Rabai Jozsef
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Light Fluorous Chemistry: A User′s Guide
Authors: Curran Dennis P.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluorous Solvents and Related Media
Authors: Gladysz J. A. , Emnet Charlotte
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reactions via sp C—H, sp2 C—H, sp3 C—H, and C—Halogen Bond Activations
Authors: Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Chatani Naoto
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organic Synthesis Using Enzymes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Matsuda Tomoko , Harada Tadao , Nakamura Kaoru
Published: September 2005

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Hypervalent Silicon as a Reactive Site in Selective Bond‐Forming Processes
Authors: Rendler Sebastian , Oestreich Martin
Published: September 2005

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Transition Metal Catalyzed Direct Borylation and Silylation Based on C—H Activation
Authors: Ishiyama Tatsuo
Published: September 2005

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Recent Progress in the Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ionic Liquids and Catalyst Immobilization. Recent Advances
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Surgeon perspectives about local therapy for breast carcinoma
Authors: Katz Steven J. , Lantz Paula M. , Janz Nancy K. , Fagerlin Angela , Schwartz Kendra , Liu Lihua , Deapen Dennis , Salem Barbara , Lakhani Indu , Morrow Monica
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND

Geographic variations in the use of mastectomy and the use of radiation therapy (RT) after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) have motivated concerns that surgeons are not uniformly adhering to treatment standards.

METHODS

The authors surveyed attending surgeons of a population‐based sample of patients with breast carcinoma diagnosed in Detroit and Los Angeles from December 2001 to January 2003 (n = 365; response rate, 80.0%). Clinical scenarios were used to evaluate opinions about local therapy.

RESULTS

On average, surgeons reported that they devoted 31.3% of their total practice to breast carcinoma. Approximately one‐half of surgeons practiced in a community hospital setting, whereas 18.8% practiced in a cancer center. Compared to low volume surgeons, high volume surgeons were more likely to favor BCS with RT for invasive breast carcinoma (60.8%, 74.0%, and 87.2% for low, moderate, and high volume surgeons, respectively, P < 0.001). Surgeons who favored BCS were more likely to perceive greater quality of life (QOL) benefits for BCS than mastectomy (85.9%) compared with surgeons who favored mastectomy (28.6%) and those who did not favor 1 procedure over the other (60.0%, P < 0.001). In a ductal carcinoma in situ scenario, 35.0% of surgeons favored BCS without RT and 61.0% favored BCS with RT. Opinions regarding the role of RT after BCS varied by geographic site, surgeon volume, and patient age.

CONCLUSIONS

Variation in surgeon opinion concerning local therapy reflected clinical uncertainty about the benefits of alternative treatments. High volume surgeons more frequently endorsed current clinical guidelines that favor BCS compared with mastectomy. This may partly be explained by the greater belief that BCS confers a better patient QOL than mastectomy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The Redox Chemistry of (N1‐[3‐(2‐aminoethylimino)‐1,1‐dimethylbutyl]ethane‐1,2‐diamine)nickel(II) Perchlorate, NiIIL1(ClO4)2, in Aqueous Solutions –A Pulse Radiolytic and an Electrochemical Study
Authors: Albo Yael , Maimon Eric , Zilbermann Israel , Saphier Magal , Cohen Haim , Meyerstein Dan
Published: September 2005

The ligand (N1‐[3‐(2‐aminoethylimino)‐1,1‐dimethylbutyl]ethane‐1,2‐diamine), L1, induces a high ligand field on the central NiII ion. Thus it is relatively easy to oxidize(NiIIL1)2+. However, the kinetic stability of the NiIIIL1 complexes is considerably lower than that of their analogous macrocyclic complexes. This difference in stabilities isattributed to the less rigid ligand framework, which facilitates the oxidation of ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cognitive inhibition of number/length interference in a Piaget‐like task in young adults: Evidence from ERPs and fMRI
Authors: Leroux Gaëlle , Joliot Marc , Dubal Stéphanie , Mazoyer Bernard , Tzourio‐Mazoyer Nathalie , Houdé Olivier
Published: September 2005

We sought to determine whether the neural traces of a previous cognitive developmental stage could be evidenced in young adults. In order to do so, 12 young adults underwent two functional imaging acquisitions (EEG then fMRI). During each session, two experimental conditions were applied: a Piaget‐like task with number/length interference (INT), and a reference task with number/length covariation (COV). To succeed at Piaget's numerical task, which children under the age of 7 years usually fail, the subjects had to inhibit a misleading strategy, namely, the visuospatial length‐equals‐number bias, a quantification heuristic that is often relevant and that continues to be used through adulthood. Behavioral data confirmed that although there was an automation in the young adult subjects as assessed by the very high number of accurate responses (>97%), the inhibition of the “length equals number strategy” had a cognitive cost, as the reaction times were significantly higher in INT than in COV (with a difference of 230 ms). The event‐related potential results acquired during the first session showed electrophysiological markers of the cognitive inhibition of the number/length interference. Indeed, the frontal N2 was greater during INT than during COV, and a P3late/P6 was detected only during INT. During the fMRI session, a greater activation of unimodal areas (the right middle and superior occipital cortex) and in the ventral route (the left inferior temporal cortex) was observed in INT than in COV. These results seem to indicate that when fully automated in adults, inhibition processes might take place in unimodal areas. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The theta/gamma discrete phase code occuring during the hippocampal phase precession may be a more general brain coding scheme
Authors: Lisman John
Published: September 2005

In the hippocampus, oscillations in the theta and gamma frequency range occur together and interact in several ways, indicating that they are part of a common functional system. It is argued that these oscillations form a coding scheme that is used in the hippocampus to organize the readout from long‐term memory of the discrete sequence of upcoming places, as cued by current position. This readout of place cells has been analyzed in several ways. First, plots of the theta phase of spikes vs. position on a track show a systematic progression of phase as rats run through a place field. This is termed the phase precession. Second, two cells with nearby place fields have a systematic difference in phase, as indicated by a cross‐correlation having a peak with a temporal offset that is a significant fraction of a theta cycle. Third, several different decoding algorithms demonstrate the information content of theta phase in predicting the animal's position. It appears that small phase differences corresponding to jitter within a gamma cycle do not carry information. This evidence, together with the finding that principle cells fire preferentially at a given gamma phase, supports the concept of theta/gamma coding: a given place is encoded by the spatial pattern of neurons that fire in a given gamma cycle (the exact timing within a gamma cycle being unimportant); sequential places are encoded in sequential gamma subcycles of the theta cycle (i.e., with different discrete theta phase). It appears that this general form of coding is not restricted to readout of information from long‐term memory in the hippocampus because similar patterns of theta/gamma oscillations have been observed in multiple brain regions, including regions involved in working memory and sensory integration. It is suggested that dual oscillations serve a general function: the encoding of multiple units of information (items) in a way that preserves their serial order. The relationship of such coding to that proposed by Singer and von der Malsburg is discussed; in their scheme, theta is not considered. It is argued that what theta provides is the absolute phase reference needed for encoding order. Theta/gamma coding therefore bears some relationship to the concept of “word” in digital computers, with word length corresponding to the number of gamma cycles within a theta cycle, and discrete phase corresponding to the ordered “place” within a word. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detailed assessment of chromosome 22 aberrations in sporadic pheochromocytoma using array‐CGH
Authors: Jarbo Caroline , Buckley Patrick G. , Piotrowski Arkadiusz , Mantripragada Kiran K. , Benetkiewicz Magdalena , de Ståhl Teresita Diaz , Langford Cordelia F. , Gregory Simon G. , Dralle Henning , Gimm Oliver , Bäckdahl Martin , Geli Janos , Larsson Catharina , Westin Gunnar , Åkerström Göran , Dumanski Jan P.
Published: September 2005

Pheochromocytoma is a predominantly sporadic neuroendocrine tumor derived from the adrenal medulla. Previous low resolution LOH and metaphase‐CGH studies reported the loss of chromosomes 1p, 3q, 17p and 22q at various frequencies. However, the molecular mechanism(s) behind development of sporadic pheochromocytoma remains largely unknown. We have applied high‐resolution tiling‐path microarray‐CGH with the primary aim to characterize copy number imbalances affecting chromosome 22 in 66 sporadic pheochromocytomas. We detected copy number alterations on 22q at a frequency of 44%. The predominant finding was monosomy 22 (30%), followed by terminal deletions in 8 samples (12%) and a single interstitial deletion. We further applied a chromosome 1 tiling‐path array in 7 tumors with terminal deletions of 22q and found deletions of 1p in all cases. Our overall results suggest that at least 2 distinct regions on both 22q and 1p are important in the tumorigenesis of sporadic pheochromocytoma. A large proportion of pheochromocytomas also displayed indications of cellular heterogeneity. Our study is to our knowledge the first array‐CGH study of sporadic pheochromocytoma. Future analysis of this tumor type should preferably be performed in the context of the entire human genome using genome‐wide array‐CGH, which is a superior methodological approach. Supplemental material for this article can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0020‐7136/suppmat/index.html. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of a new fiber‐reinforced resin composite
Authors: Suzuki S. , Saimi Y. , Ono T.
Published: September 2005

Efficacy of the usage of an experimental fiber‐reinforced composite (FRC) on mechanical properties of an indirect composite was investigated by means of three‐point bending and Charpy impact tests. Bond strength between the FRC and the indirect composite was also evaluated by tensile testing. The FRC consisted of a matrix resin with 25% silanized milled glass fiber (11‐μm diameter, 150‐μm length) and 5% colloidal silica. The values of strain of proportional limit, total strain, and fracture energy of the FRC during the bending test (1.2%, 10.4%, and 41.6 × 10−3 J) were significantly higher than those of the indirect composite (0.1%, 2.5%, and 11.9 × 10−3 J). The impact strengths of the 1‐mm specimens with FRC ranged from 15.2 to 15.9 kJ/m2, and were significantly higher than that of the control (3.1 kJ/m2). The 2‐mm specimens showed significant difference from the control when the FRC thickness was equal or greater than 0.5 mm. The bond strength after the thermocycling was 15.2 MPa, and all of the specimens exhibited cohesive fracture inside the indirect composite. Based upon the results, it was concluded that the FRC tested in this study improved toughness and impact resistance of the indirect composite. The interfacial bonding between the FRC and the indirect composite was strong enough to prevent delamination. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Effect of silver addition on the properties of nickel–titanium alloys for dental application
Authors: Oh Keun‐Taek , Joo Uk‐Hyon , Park Gee‐Ho , Hwang Chung‐Ju , Kim Kyoung‐Nam
Published: September 2005

Equiatomic and near‐equiatomic nickel–titanium alloys exhibit a shape‐memory effect and superelasticity. However, the properties of such alloys are extremely sensitive to the precise nickel–titanium ratio and the addition of alloying elements. High corrosion resistance is necessary for biomedical applications, especially orthodontic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of silver addition to nickel–titanium alloys for dental and medical application. Arc melting, homogenization, hot rolling, and solution heat treatment were performed to prepare the nickel–titanium–silver (NiTi‐Ag) specimens. The properties of the ternary NiTi–Ag alloys such as phase‐transformation temperature, microstructure, microhardness, corrosion resistance, and cytotoxicity were investigated. The NiTi‐Ag alloys showed low silver recovery rate for the cast alloy, due to silver's low evaporation temperature, and low silver solubility in nickel–titanium. Silver addition to nickel–titanium increased the transition temperature range to 100°C and stabilized the martensitic phase (monoclinic structure) at room temperature, because the martensitic transformation starting temperature (Ms) was above room temperature. Martensitic and austenitic phases existed in X‐ray diffraction patterns of solution‐annealed NiTi‐Ag alloys. The silver addition was considered to improve the corrosion resistance and form a stable passive film. Significantly, the mechanical properties of the silver‐added alloys were dependent upon the amount of alloying addition. There was no toxicity in the NiTi‐Ag alloys, as the response index showed none or mild levels. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Influence of polymerization method, curing process, and length of time of storage in water on the residual methyl methacrylate content in dental acrylic resins
Authors: Bayraktar Gulsen , Guvener Bora , Bural Canan , Uresin Yagiz
Published: September 2005

This study compared the influence of different polymerization methods (heat, auto‐, and microwave energy), different curing processes (in the case of heat‐ and autopolymerized specimens), and length of storage of the polymerized specimens in distilled water at 37°C on the residual methyl methacrylate (MMA) content in dental acrylic resin specimens. Residual MMA of 120 resin specimens were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. For the heat‐polymerized resins, the lowest residual MMA content was obtained when they were given a long‐term terminal boil and then stored in the distilled water for at least 1 day. For the autopolymerized resins, the lowest residual MMA content was obtained when they were additionally cured in water at 60°C and then stored in the distilled water at least 1 day. For the microwave‐polymerized resins, the lowest residual MMA content was obtained when they were stored in the distilled water at least 1 month. The lowest overall residual MMA content was obtained from heat‐polymerized specimens that were given a long‐term terminal boil cure and then stored in the distilled water at least 1 day. Different polymerization methods and curing processes have different effects on residual MMA content. It is thus shown that storing a dental acrylic resin specimen in distilled water at 37°C is a simple but effective method of reducing its residual MMA content. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Influence of the remelting process on the fatigue behavior of electron beam irradiated UHMWPE
Authors: Puértolas J. A. , Medel F. J. , Cegoñino J. , Gomez‐Barrena E. , Ríos R.
Published: September 2005

Electron beam irradiation at doses below 150 kGy is a widely used technique to obtain highly crosslinked ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Its current use in total joint replacement components may improve wear resistance and decrease UHMWPE particle debris. However, currently used post‐irradiation thermal treatments, which aim to decrease the free radicals within the material, introduce microstructural changes that affect UHMWPE mechanical properties, particularly the fatigue strength. This influence may be crucial in total knee replacements, where fatigue‐related damage limits the lifespan of the prosthesis. Therefore, more studies are required to understand UHMWPE fatigue after current crosslinking protocols. This study was planned to evaluate the influence of UHMWPE remelting after irradiation on the material fatigue resistance. The remelting was achieved at 150°C for 2 h on UHMWPE previously irradiated at 50, 100, and 150 kGy. Fatigue evaluation included short‐term tests under cyclic tensile stress with zero load ratio, R = 0, and 1 Hz. In addition, stress‐life testing was performed using 12% yield as the criterion for failure. Near‐threshold fatigue crack propagation experiments were also performed at a frequency of 5 Hz, and crack length was measured in nonthermally treated and remelted irradiated UHMWPE. Crystallinity percentage was calculated from DSC measurements. The results pointed out that irradiation positively contributed to total life analysis, but the further remelting process decreased the flaw initiation resistance. On the other hand, both processes negatively affected the fatigue resistance of notched components. From a clinical point of view, the results suggest that the material fatigue behavior should be carefully studied in new UHMWPE to avoid changes related to material processing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Treating couples recovering from infidelity: An integrative approach
Authors: Gordon Kristina Coop , Baucom Donald H. , Snyder Douglas K.
Published: September 2005

Infidelity is one of the most difficult problems to address in couple therapy, most likely because it involves a traumatic relationship event that alters the ways in which couples process information about each other and established behavioral patterns. We present a three‐stage treatment designed to address the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional sequelae of affairs that integrates cognitive‐behavioral and insight‐oriented strategies with the literatures on traumatic response and forgiveness. A case study with pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6‐month follow‐up data is presented to illustrate the treatment methods. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 1393–1405, 2005.
Local delivery of magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent in kidney using thermosensitive liposomes and MR imaging‐guided local hyperthermia: A feasibility study in vivo
Authors: Salomir Rares , Palussière Jean , Fossheim Sigrid L. , Rogstad Astri , Wiggen Unni N. , Grenier Nicolas , Moonen Chrit T.W.
Published: September 2005

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of local delivery of a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent in vivo using paramagnetic thermosensitive liposomes and infrared (IR) laser‐induced local hyperthermia under real‐time MR thermometry on rabbit kidney.

Materials and Methods

Respiratory gated, radio frequency (RF)‐spoiled gradient‐echo sequences were used for precise MR temperature mapping (SD = 1°C). In vivo heating experiments confirmed local release of MR contrast agent from liposomes.

Results

T1 decreased from 800 msec to about 500 msec, as measured after tissue cooling, in those locations where the renal parenchyma was heated above the phase transition temperature of the liposome membrane.

Conclusion

The release of MR contrast agent has been demonstrated in rabbit kidney in vivo. This may be used as a reporter for simultaneous release of therapeutic agents. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pisa syndrome without neuroleptic exposure in a patient with Parkinson's disease: Case report
Authors: Gambarin Mattia , Antonini Angelo , Moretto Giuseppe , Bovi Paolo , Romito Silvia , Fiaschi Antonio , Tinazzi Michele
Published: September 2005

We report on a patient affected by Parkinson's disease who developed over a period of a few weeks a tonic deviation of her head, neck, and trunk fitting the typical description of Pisa syndrome (PS). This patient was under stable levodopa and pramipexole treatment and had never been exposed to any psychotropic or antiemetic drugs before or at the time she developed the postural abnormality. Because dopamine transporter imaging revealed bilateral and symmetrical reduction of striatal uptake, we suggest that PS is not primarily related to side differences in dopaminergic denervation or drug exposure. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Integrated data acquisition and processing to determine metabolite contents, relaxation times, and macromolecule baseline in single examinations of individual subjects
Authors: Kreis Roland , Slotboom Johannes , Hofmann Lucie , Boesch Chris
Published: September 2005

Absolute quantitation of clinical 1H‐MR spectra is virtually always incomplete for single subjects because the separate determination of spectrum, baseline, and transverse and longitudinal relaxation times in single subjects is prohibitively long. Integrated Processing and Acquisition of Data (IPAD) based on a combined 2‐dimensional experimental and fitting strategy is suggested to substantially improve the information content from a given measurement time. A series of localized saturation‐recovery spectra was recorded and combined with 2‐dimensional prior‐knowledge fitting to simultaneously determine metabolite T1 (from analysis of the saturation‐recovery time course), metabolite T2 (from lineshape analysis based on metabolite and water peak shapes), macromolecular baseline (based on T1 differences and analysis of the saturation‐recovery time course), and metabolite concentrations (using prior knowledge fitting and conventional procedures of absolute standardization). The procedure was tested on metabolite solutions and applied in 25 subjects (15–78 years old). Metabolite content was comparable to previously found values. Interindividual variation was larger than intraindividual variation in repeated spectra for metabolite content as well as for some relaxation times. Relaxation times were different for various metabolite groups. Parts of the interindividual variation could be explained by significant age dependence of relaxation times. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Instant MR labeling of stem cells using magnetoelectroporation
Authors: Walczak P. , Kedziorek D. A. , Gilad A. A. , Lin S. , Bulte J. W. M.
Published: September 2005

For cellular MR imaging, conventional approaches to intracellular magnetic labeling of nonphagocytic cells rely on the use of secondary compounds such as transfection agents and prolonged incubation of cells. Magnetoelectroporation (MEP) was investigated as an alternative method to achieve instant (<1 s) endosomal labeling with the FDA‐approved formulation Feridex, without the need for adjunct agents or initiating cell cultures. While MEP was harmful at higher voltages or pulse durations, the procedure could be properly calibrated using a pulse of 130 V and 17 ms. Labeling was demonstrated for stem cells from mice, rats, and humans; the uptake of iron was in the picogram range and comparable to values obtained using transfection agents. MEP‐labeled stem cells exhibited an unaltered viability, proliferation, and mitochondrial metabolic rate. Labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiated into adipogenic, osteogenic, and neural lineages in an identical fashion as unlabeled cells, while containing Feridex particles as demonstrated by double immunofluorescent staining. MEP‐labeled NSCs proliferated normally following intrastriatal transplantation and could be readily detected by MR imaging in vivo. As MEP circumvents the use of secondary agents, obviating the need for clinical approval, MEP labeling may be ideally suitable for bedside implementation. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HPLC coupled on‐line to ESI‐MS and a DPPH‐based assay for the rapid identification of anti‐oxidants in Butea superba
Authors: Nuengchamnong N. , de Jong C. F. , Bruyneel B. , Niessen W. M. A. , Irth H. , Ingkaninan K.
Published: September 2005

A reversed‐phase HPLC coupled on‐line to a radical scavenging detection system and MS/MS was developed in order to combine separation, activity determination and structural identification of anti‐oxidants in complex mixtures in one run. The sample was separated by HPLC and the eluate split into two flows. The major portion was fed into an electrospray ionisation MS/MS system, while the minor part was mixed with a free radical, 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the reaction determined spectrophotometrically. The negative peaks, which indicated the presence of anti‐oxidant activity, were monitored by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 517 nm. The developed method was successfully applied to the identification of anti‐oxidant compounds in a fraction, obtained by solid‐phase extraction, of an extract of a Thai medicinal plant, Butea superba Roxb. The anti‐oxidant compounds were separated and identified as procyanidin B2, (−)‐epicatechin and procyanidin B5. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel lysine‐peptoid hybrids with antibacterial properties
Authors: Ryge Trine S. , Hansen Paul R.
Published: September 2005

Here we report the design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of 20 lysine‐peptoid hybrids. The hybrids are based on the peptoid lead structure [N‐(1‐naphthalenemethyl)glycyl]‐[N‐(4‐methylbenzyl)glycyl]‐[N‐(1‐naphthalenemethyl)glycyl]‐N‐(butyl)glycin amide (1) and contain between one and six lysine residues each. The compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922. Furthermore, the hemolytic activity toward human erythrocytes was assessed. Several compounds with potent antibacterial activity and low hemolytic activity were identified. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered dendritic arborization of amygdala neurons in young adult rats orally intubated with Clitorea ternatea aqueous root extract
Authors: Rai Kiranmai S. , Murthy K. Dilip , Rao Muddanna S. , Karanth K. Sudhakar
Published: September 2005

Young adult (60 day old) Wistar rats of either sex were orally intubated with 50 mg/kg body weight and 100 mg/kg body weight of aqueous root extract of Clitoria ternatea (CTR) for 30 days, along with age‐matched saline controls. These rats were then subjected to passive avoidance tests and the results from these studies showed a significant increase in passive avoidance learning and retention. Subsequent to the passive avoidance tests, these rats were killed by decapitation. The amygdala was processed for Golgi staining and the stained neurons were traced using a camera lucida and analysed. The results showed a significant increase in dendritic intersections, branching points and dendritic processes arising from the soma of amygdaloid neurons in CTR treated rats especially in the 100 mg/kg group of rats, compared with age‐matched saline controls. This improved dendritic arborization of amygdaloid neurons correlates with the increased passive avoidance learning and memory in the CTR treated rats as reported earlier. The results suggest that Clitoria ternatea aqueous root extract enhances memory by increasing the functional growth of neurons of the amygdala. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial activity of antibiotics in combination with natural flavonoids against clinical extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Lin Rong‐Dih , Chin Yi‐Ping , Lee Mei‐Hsien
Published: September 2005

Extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid‐mediated class A enzymes commonly found in the family Enterobacteriaceae, mainly in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Flavonoids have also been reported to possess antimicrobial activity. In this study, the in vitro activities of 18 antibiotics and 12 flavonoids against 20 ESBL‐producing K. pneumoniae isolates were evaluated. All of these isolates were susceptible to imipenem and cefmetazole, but were resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, piperacillin and ticarcillin. Susceptibilities to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were variable. Myricetin, a flavonol, inhibited ESBL‐producing K. pneumoniae isolates at a high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (MIC90 value 256 mg/mL), but exhibited significant synergic activity against ESBL‐producing K. pneumoniae in separate combination with amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam and cefoxitin. Because of the low‐toxic nature of flavonoids, the combination of antibiotics and flavonoids is a potential new strategy for developing therapies for infections caused by ESBL‐producing bacteria in the future. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of toxicants from marine sediment using effect‐directed analysis
Authors: Grote Matthias , Brack Werner , Altenburger Rolf
Published: September 2005

Effect‐directed analysis (EDA) has been reported to be a powerful tool for the identification of the responsible toxicants in contaminated, hazardous environmental samples. The aim of this study was to investigate whether it also is possible to use currently available EDA methodology to identify potentially relevant toxicants in samples that do not pose obvious problems. For this purpose, compounds extracted from a marine sediment sample from the west coast of Sweden were separated into distinct fractions, using two preparative chromatographic techniques. One algal bioassay using Scenedesmus vacuolatus and two bacterial bioassays using Vibrio fischeri were applied as detectors of toxicity, representing acute and chronic end points. Chronic algal toxicity was a powerful tool for discriminating between toxic and nontoxic fractions, whereas acute and chronic bacterial toxicity failed to identify toxic fractions. Eight compounds were identified as potentially relevant toxicants by chemical analysis of toxic fractions: anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and indeno[1,2,3‐cd]pyrene. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 20: 475–486, 2005.
Pre‐operative evaluation of patients with low rectal carcinoma
Authors: Durdey Paul , Williams Norman S.
Published: September 2005

Advances in surgical technique and adjuvant therapy have broadened the spectrum of treatment available for patients with low rectal cancer. Combination of careful pre‐operative clinical examination with newer, more sophisticated techniques, particularly in the field of imaging, can stage the extent of disease more accurately then previously. Adoption of an extended pre‐operative evaluation allows a more rational approach to treatment in the individual, and standardizes criteria for entry into, and interpretation of, future clinical trials.
Technique of per anal excision for carcinoma of the low rectum
Authors: Nivatvongs Santhat , Wolff Bruce G.
Published: September 2005

Per anal excision is suitable for rectal carcinoma that is <3 cm and has not invaded into the muscular layer of the rectum. The upper margin of the lesion should not be >7 cm from the anal verge. The entire lesion is excised in its full thickness with a 1.5 cm to 2 cm normal margin, using electrocautery. It is important that the specimen is carefully examined by the pathologist for completeness of the excision and grade of the carcinoma. Abdominoperineal resection should be considered in good risk patients if adequate margins cannot be achieved and if the carcinoma is a high pathologic grade.
Completion pancreatectomy following pancreaticoduodenectomy: Clinical experience
Authors: Smith C. Daniel , Sarr Michael G. , vanHeerden Jon A.
Published: September 2005

While pancreaticoduodenectomy is today performed with an operative mortality of <5%, the incidence of significant operative morbidity remains at least 25%. Albeit rarely, completion pancreatectomy during the early postoperative period may be required to manage uncontrolled pancreatic anastomotic leaks. From 1964 to 1988, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed on 479 patients at our institution, 178 (37%) of whom required re‐operation in the early postoperative period. Of these, 11 (6%) patients underwent completion pancreatectomy at a mean interval of 18 days following Whipple resection. The indications prompting re‐operation included a suspected pancreatic leak (n=8), intra‐abdominal hemorrhage (n=2), and pancreaticocutaneous fistula (n=1). Operative findings necessitating completion pancreatectomy included pancreatic anastomotic dehiscence with severe surrounding inflammation/necrosis prohibiting reanastomosis or repair (n=10) and necrotizing pancreatitis with uncontrolled hemorrhage (1). Seven (64%) of these 11 patients died postoperatively of sepsis and multiple organ failure. The mean hospital stay in the 4 surviving patients was 46 days (range, 26 to 53 days). These 4 patients survived for a mean period of 24 months following hospital dismissal.
Factors affecting morbidity and mortality in biliary tract surgery
Authors: Su Cheng‐Hsi , P'eng Fang‐Ku , Lui Wing‐Yiu
Published: September 2005

Thirty‐six clinical and laboratory parameters in 770 consecutive patients undergoing biliary tract surgery over a 3 year period were analyzed in an effort to define the patients at greatest risk. Twelve parameters had a significant correlation with hospital mortality, while multivariate analysis revealed that septic shock, malignant obstruction, serum albumin <3.0 gm%, history of hypertension, and plasma urea nitrogen >20 mg % had an independent significance in predicting postoperative mortality. The presence of more than 2 of these risk factors identified a group of patients with an 18% mortality rate. It is for this group of patients that adequate pre‐operative preparation such as fluid resuscitation, prophylactic antibiotics, and nutritional support are essential. The controversial preoperative biliary drainage might be only indicated in this group of patients.
Genome Instability in Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) Families: Camptothecin-Induced Damage to Replicating DNA Discriminates between Obligate A-T Heterozygotes, A-T Homozygotes and Controls
Authors: Leonard Jay C. , Mullinger Ann M. , Schmidt John , Cordell Heather J. , Johnson Robert T.
Published: September 2005

Previously we used the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CPT), which kills mainly S-phase cells primarily by inducing double strand breaks (DSBs) in replication forks, to show that ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) fibroblasts are defective in the repair of this particular subclass of DSBs. CPT treated A-T cells reaching G2 have abnormally high levels of chromatid exchanges, viewed as prematurely condensed G2 chromosomes (G2 PCC), compared with normal cells where aberrations are mostly chromatid breaks. Here we show that A-T lymphoblastoid cells established from individuals with different mutations in the ATM gene also exhibit increased levels of chromosomal exchanges in response to CPT, indicating that the replication-associated DSBs are misrepaired in all these cells. From family studies we show that the presence of a single mutated allele in obligate A-T heterozygotes leads to intermediate levels of chromosomal exchanges in CPT-treated lymphoblastoid cells, thus providing a functional and sensitive assay to identify these individuals.
Information management: Considering adolescents’ regulation of parental knowledge
Authors: Marshall Sheila K. , Tilton‐Weaver Lauree C. , Bosdet Lara
Published: September 2005

Employing Goffman's [(1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday and Company] notion of impression management, adolescents’ conveyance of information about their whereabouts and activities to parents was assessed employing two methodologies. First, a two‐wave panel design with a sample of 121 adolescents was used to test a model of information management incorporating two forms of information regulation (lying and willingness to disclose), adolescents’ perception of their parents’ knowledge about their activities, and adolescent misconduct. Path analysis was used to examine the model for two forms of misconduct as outcomes: substance use and antisocial behaviours. Fit indices indicate the path models were all good fits to the data. Second, 96 participants’ responses to semi‐structured questions were analyzed using a qualitative analytic technique. Findings reveal adolescents withhold or divulge information in coordination with their parents, employ impression management techniques, and try to balance safety issues with preservation of the parent–adolescent relationship.
Brief report: The factor structure of mood states in an early adolescent sample
Authors: Duffy Christopher J. , Cunningham Everarda G. , Moore Susan M.
Published: September 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the structure of negative mood states among young adolescents. Students aged 11–15 years from a secondary school in Melbourne, Australia, completed the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS) [Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1996). Depression anxiety stress scales. Sydney: The Psychology Foundation of Australia Inc.]. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) failed to find support for a three‐factor model. Further analyses suggested that items from the DASS were best represented by two factors, namely a generalized negativity factor and a factor comprising items indicating physiological arousal.
Structural determinants of unexpected agonist activity in a retro‐peptide analogue of the SDF‐1α N‐terminus
Authors: Palladino Pasquale , Tizzano Barbara , Pedone Carlo , Ragone Raffaele , Rossi Filomena , Saviano Gabriella , Tancredi Teodorico , Benedetti Ettore
Published: September 2005

We have synthesised two retro‐peptide analogues of the stromal cell derived growth factor 1 (SDF‐1α) segment known to be critical for CXCR4 receptor binding, corresponding to the sequences HSEFFRCPCRFFESH and HSEFFRGGGRFFESH. We have assayed the ability of these peptides to activate extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation in cells over expressing the SDF‐1α receptor, finding that the first variant was able to serve as an agonist of CXCR4, whereas the second one was inactive. Finally, by comparing representative solution structures of the two peptides, we have found that the biological response of HSEFFRCPCRFFESH may be ascribed to a β‐β‐type turn motif centred on Phe4–Phe5.
The verprolin family of proteins: Regulators of cell morphogenesis and endocytosis
Authors: Aspenström Pontus
Published: September 2005

The verprolin family of proteins, WIP, CR16 and WIRE/WICH, has emerged as critical regulators of cytoskeletal organisation in vertebrate cells. The founding father of the family, verprolin, was originally identified in budding yeast and later shown to be needed for actin polymerisation during polarised growth and during endocytosis. The vertebrate verprolins regulate actin dynamics either by binding directly to actin, by binding the WASP family of proteins or by binding to other actin regulating proteins. Interestingly, also the vertebrate verprolins have been implicated in endocytosis, demonstrating that most of the functional modules in this fascinating group of proteins have been conserved from yeast to man.
Capelin (Mallotus villosus) distribution and climate: a sea “canary” for marine ecosystem change
Authors: Rose G.A.
Published: September 2005

Capelin (Mallotus villosus) is a classic “r” adapted pelagic species that inhabits the northern boreal oceans at the margins of cold Arctic waters. The species originated in the North Pacific and colonized the North Atlantic at least once during interglacial periods of the past few million years. Capelin became the main forage species for many larger predatory fish, and also for seabirds and marine mammals. The colonizing abilities of capelin have been noted in historical anecdotes, typically in concert with climate variations. In this paper, all known shifts in distribution are catalogued. Shifts have taken place at the larval and adult stages, and some result in new spawning locations, others do not. Displacement distance relates to temperature change: log10(distancekm) = 0.28 × temperature change + 2.16 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.91). The persistence of the shifts relates to the displacement distance: log10(persistencey) = 2.62 × log10(distancekm) − 6.56 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.83). The quick and consistent response of capelin to temperature change, its importance to the North Atlantic foodweb, and established monitoring methods suggest this species as a sea “canary” for northern boreal marine ecosystem responses to climate variability and change.