bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Femur Fractures Associated With Short-term Bisphosphonate Use
Authors: Rifai Aiman , Pourtaheri Sina , Carbone Andrew , Callaghan John J. , Stadler Chris M. , Record Nicole , Issa Kimona
Published: May 2015

Bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed drugs to treat osteoporosis because they have been proposed to prevent bone loss. Nevertheless, in up to 0.1% of patients, long-term use may cause atypical stress or insufficiency femoral fractures. Bilateral femoral shaft fractures have been reported after long-term use of bisphosphonates; however, there is limited evidence of the effect of short-term use. The current study reports a case of bilateral femoral fractures after a low-energy fall in a 56-year-old woman and provides a review of the literature on bilateral femoral shaft fractures after long-term use of bisphosphonates. Patients should be educated about the potential for stress fractures with the use of this treatment. In patients with thigh pain, a thorough history and physical examination, including the contralateral thigh, may be beneficial to detect bilateral traumatic or atypical stress fracture patterns. More studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to better identify patients who may be at risk for fracture, including histomorphometric evidence of low bone turnover in patients with unfortunate bilateral cases. [
Orthopedics
. 2015; 38(2):e139–e142.]
Terrible Triad Elbow Fracture-Dislocation With Triceps and Flexor-Pronator Mass Avulsion
Authors: Gajendran Varun K. , Bishop Julius A.
Published: May 2015

Terrible triad elbow injuries, consisting of fractures of the radial head and coronoid with ulnohumeral dislocation, are challenging to treat. They require a comprehensive understanding of the complex anatomy of the elbow to effectively treat all of the pathology and create a stable, congruent joint. The authors present a case of a terrible triad injury with avulsion of the triceps and flexor-pronator mass after a low-energy fall in a young patient. Although most terrible triad fracture-dislocations can be successfully treated with coronoid fixation, radial head fixation or replacement, and repair of the lateral collateral ligament complex, this case involved a completely circumferential injury to the elbow. The coronoid and anterior capsule were disrupted anteriorly, the radial head and lateral collateral ligament complex were disrupted laterally, the triceps was disrupted posteriorly, and the flexor-pronator mass was disrupted medially. Although the authors prefer to address most terrible triad injuries through a lateral approach, they suspected a circumferential injury preoperatively and elected to use a single posterior incision to address all of the pathology conveniently. This injury required treatment of all disrupted structures, because the elbow remained unstable until the triceps and flexor-pronator mass avulsions were ultimately repaired. With any elbow fracture-dislocation, surgeons should look for evidence of additional injuries that do not fit the commonly described patterns, because they may necessitate modifications to the treatment plan. Given the relatively common complications of stiffness and instability despite modern surgical techniques, additional injuries may further compromise functional outcomes unless they are addressed properly. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(2):e143–e146.]
Reescribiendo a Grocio. El Derecho natural innato de Diego Vincenzo Vidania
Authors: Iñurritegui Rodríguez José María
Published: May 2015

El artículo atiende a un singular manuscrito compuesto por el jurista aragonés Diego Vincenzo Vidania en 1712 y titulado El derecho natural innato en la mente de los hombres y sus efectos. Sostiene que sus páginas encierran una de las tentativas más tempranas y sin duda más originales ensayadas desde posiciones culturales hispanas en la operación de bloqueo del discurso iusracionalista gestado en el Seiscientos: la de proceder veladamente a la reescritura del De principiis iuris naturalis enchiridion de Guillermo Grocio con la intención de armar la posibilidad de una lectura católica del De iure belli ac pacis de su hermano Hugo que pudiera así emplearse como elemento de contención frente a la irrupción de un novedoso entendimiento de la sociabilidad humana desvinculado de concepciones religiosas. Y plantea además, restituyendo el texto a su contexto, que la adscripción de materia del manuscrito, el vocabulario con el que se redactó, los materiales de los que se sirvió, y el propio estimulo que infundió su redacción, resultan indisociables del genuino capítulo de la Querelle des Anciens et Modernes que en ese concreto momento se dilucidaba en un reino de Nápoles al que Diego Vidania estaba vinculado como Cappellano maggiore y prefecto de su Universidad.
Jesús Navarro Botella (1881-?), maestro racionalista, activista anarquista y editor
Authors: Dalmau i Ribalta Antoni
Published: May 2015

Tras la dura represión de fines del siglo XIX y el fracaso de la huelga general de 1902, el anarquismo catalán empezó a salir de su marasmo con la incorporación de una nueva generación formada en el Centro Obrero de Estudios Sociales. Uno de sus miembros más significados fue sin duda el alicantino Jesús Navarro Botella, un maestro racionalista establecido en Barcelona que perteneció a la esfera de influencia de Francisco Ferrer Guardia. Huido después a París, estuvo implicado en 1905 en los preparativos del atentado fallido contra Alfonso XIII en la rue Rohan. Tras un forzoso exilio en Suramérica, acabó en la capital francesa trabajando en el mundo editorial y progresivamente alejado de su anarquismo juvenil. En definitiva, la trayectoria personal de este activista resulta sumamente ilustrativa de un momento de cambio en el movimiento obrero en la primera década del siglo XX. Dicho cambio acabaría desembocando en un nuevo sindicalismo revolucionario que daría lugar a la formación, primero, de Solidaridad Obrera (1907) y posteriormente de la Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (1911).
La Revolución de Julio de 1909
Authors: Pich Mitjana Josep
Published: May 2015

El objetivo del artículo es ampliar nuestros conocimientos sobre los sucesos que afectaron a buena parte de Cataluña, en la última semana de julio de 1909. El trabajo está basado en fuentes primarias, desde prensa a ego documentos1 y también secundarias, con la utilización de la mayor parte de la producción historiográfica sobre el objeto de estudio. El método utilizado es empírico. El argumento se inicia con el conflicto hispano- rifeño que originó la huelga general contra la guerra que afectó a gran parte del territorio catalán, pero en algunas partes, especialmente en Barcelona, se transformó en un movimiento anticlerical. También tuvo un importante componente republicano que, en cierta manera, se ha visto minusvalorado por la historiografía. Finalmente, hemos intentado explicar por qué el paro no se extendió al resto de España y la magnitud de la represión que siguió a la finalización de la huelga general contra la guerra y a los movimientos anticlerical y republicano. En las conclusiones intentamos sintetizar nuestra visión de la revolución de julio de 1909 que, para una buena parte de la historiografía, es un referente fundamental de la historia política española del siglo XX.
Memoria pública y recreación nacional. Políticas de memoria y prácticas culturales en la Barcelona republicana (1931-1936)
Authors: Sánchez-Costa Fernando
Published: May 2015

Este artículo tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo una radiografía de los discursos y las prácticas conmemorativas en la Barcelona de la Segunda República (1931-1936). Para ello, utiliza una extensa panoplia de fuentes periodísticas y administrativas de la época, así como bibliografía nacional e internacional. Entiende el autor que la «memoria pública » forma parte de la «esfera pública» en sentido habermasiano, es decir, del ámbito en el que la comunidad se autodescubre y autodefine. Por eso, el autor realiza una disección de las narrativas y de las praxis conmemorativas, a fin de encontrar los implícitos ideológicos que subyacen o se explicitan en ellas. El concepto de «memoria pública» queda perfilado como una categoría de análisis socio-histórico. El texto analiza los discursos de memoria dominantes y su vinculación con el nacionalismo liberal-obrerista imperante. Estudia las concomitancias y las diferencias de estos relatos verbales y visuales con la historiografía catalana renaixentista. Al mismo tiempo, arguye que la partitura básica del imaginario histórico catalán, así como la voluntad de «redimir el pasado», permiten interpretar el comportamiento político de los dirigentes del periodo. El artículo recoge también la importancia de la iniciativa ciudadana en la configuración simbólica del nuevo tapiz de memoria urbana.
Developing a Web 2.0 Business Portal to Benefit SMEs, Industry, Local Government, and Consumers
Authors: Bednarski Darren , Tatnall Arthur
Published: May 2015

This article presents a research study into the development of a Web 2.0 B2B and B2C horizontal portal from the perspective of Actor-Network Theory, and the benefits for its participants particularly Small and Medium Enterprises. Whilst International service providers such as eBay, Linkedin and Google have revolutionised transactions for both businesses and consumers, this paper focuses on Australian Internet users and the online experience of Consumers and Small and Medium Enterprises, and includes an overview of user levels of computerisation, technology in Australian households and businesses, and e-commerce of Small and Medium Businesses. The research presented here highlights a major factor in proposing the referenced business model combining Web 2.0 tools with traditional online search with the critical factors underpinning its need and success – a subsequent working example is presented. To support this, the article briefly examines user expectations and experiences when engaging in e-commerce and the rise of Web 2.0 and social commerce, in creating a virtual workforce where SMEs are able to compete more effectively against their larger counterparts.
Materials Design and Pedagogy for Technology-Enhanced Language Learning
Authors: Chiu Hazel L.W.
Published: May 2015

Advancement in technology has facilitated the transmission and access to learning resources, and communication among participants in the teaching and learning process. However, a technology-enhanced learning environment does not automatically produced high quality learning outcomes. It needs to be supported by suitable learning materials and strategies for blended learning which suit the learning needs of students in the present educational context. With reference to theories and research in materials design and pedagogy within a blended educational environment, this study examines the experience of implementing web-work requirements for a language course in a university in Hong Kong. These web-based activities include objective web exercises, as well as activities making use of social networking tools such as blogs, wikis and discussion forums for students to share ideas. Based on the findings, suggestions are made to improve pedagogy and materials design in mediated learning environments, in areas regarding integration, engagement, and autonomy.
Trends in Podcast Download Frequency Over Time, Podcast Use, and Digital Literacy in Foreign Language and Literature Courses
Authors: Abdous M'hammed , Facer Betty Rose , Yen Cherng-Jyh
Published: May 2015

Podcasts used as supplemental material (PSM) and podcasts integrated into the curriculum (PIC) are complementing, extending, and transforming the traditional face-to-face classroom as well as blended and online courses. This paper examines podcast download frequency among students in foreign language and literature courses over a four-year period by using both students' digital literacy skills and the instructional use of the podcasts (whether PSM or PIC) as predictors. As it analyses four years of trend data between the Fall semester of 2007 and the Fall semester of 2011, the authors; study reveals that the download frequency among the PIC group was relatively higher than that of the PSM group. What's more, it shows that students' digital literacy moderated their frequency of download. This is consistent with previous findings that suggest that instructors can offer students an advantage by using thoughtfully planned and well-designed podcasting activities, which help their students hone the skills necessary for success in the second language (L2) teaching and learning environment.
An Agent-Based Approach for Delivering Educational Contents Through Interactive Digital TV in the Context of T-Learning
Authors: Neto Francisco Milton Mendes , Muniz Raphael de Carvalho , Burlamaqui Aquiles Medeiros Filgueira , Castro de Souza Rafael
Published: May 2015

The support of technological resources in teaching and learning has contributed to make them more efficient and enjoyable. Through this support has become quite common to use media resources before explored only for entertainment for educational purposes, among them the TV. The interactive Digital TV (iDTV) provides resources that make possible the development of a plethora of educational applications. However, since TV is a mass distribution device, an aggravating factor in the use of this media for education is the presentation of contents (learning objects) inadequate according to both the users' previous knowledge and the subject of courses in which they are enrolled. This paper tries to fill this gap by proposing an educational environment for iDTV, supported by an adequate standard for classification of learning objects for t-learning, in order to deliver educational contents for iDTV, according to users' knowledge level and suitability of contents to ongoing course.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Self-Regulated Learning in Massive Open Online Courses on Non-Native English Speakers
Authors: Chung Liang-Yi
Published: May 2015

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are expanding the scope of online distance learning in the creation of a cross-country global learning environment. For learners worldwide, MOOCs offer a wealth of online learning resources. However, such a diversified environment makes the learning process complicated and challenging. To achieve their objectives, learners need to adapt regulation strategies based on different situations in the process, which is called self-regulated learning. Previous research findings emphasize that self-efficacy is one of the key factors that influences self-regulated learning. Currently MOOCs are primarily offered in English, but many students are non-native English speakers. For these learners, English serves as a cross-language and cross-cultural communication medium, and English self-efficacy is a defining element affecting this language application. To further examine the impact of English self-efficacy on self-regulated learning, this study uses non-native English learners in MOOCs as test subjects. It is evident that there is a positive and significant correlation between non-English learners' self-efficacy and self-regulated learning in MOOCs; the higher the English self-efficacy, the better use of self-regulated learning strategies. This study aims to offer some insight into self-regulated learning strategies of non-native English speakers taking MOOCs, so relevant instructors can subsequently provide more suitable and effective learning methods.
Assessment and Enhancement of the Energy Supply System Efficiency with Emphasis on the Cogeneration and Renewable as Main Directions for Fuel Saving
Authors: Zharkov Sergey V.
Published: May 2015

This paper presents methods for assessing economic, resource and environmental efficiency of cogeneration plants (CPs) and energy supply systems as a whole and ways of its improvement, the main of which are the development of cogeneration and renewable energy sources (RES). The problem of allocating fuel and financial costs in the case of the combined production in accordance with the criterion of equal profitability of supplied products is solved. The methods allow determining specific indicators of supplied products which makes it possible to compare the efficiency of energy supply systems of different companies and countries, and to define their future target indicators. The technology of introducing RES-based power plants to the energy supply systems by means of using unstabilized RES-based power for direct fuel substitution at thermal power plants (the wind is viewed as the most promising type of RES). This paper can be interesting to power engineering specialists, businessmen and economists, and also participants of the upcoming United Nations Climate Change Conference aimed at achieving a universal agreement on climate, which will be held in 2015 in Paris.
Automatic Generation Control of Interconnected Power System using Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Laik Shanchari , Dey Shatabdi , Das Puja , Sultana Sneha , Paul Sourav , Roy Provas Kumar
Published: May 2015

Automatic generation control (AGC) is added in power system to ensure constancy in frequency and tie-line power of an interconnected multi-area power system. In this article, proportional integral (PI) controlled based AGC of two-area hydrothermal system is solved by cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA). It is one of the most powerful stochastic real parameter optimization in current use. The design objective is to improve the dynamic performance of the interconnected system following a disturbance. System performance is examined considering 1% step load perturbation in thermal area with generation rate constraints. The results are compared with BBO, GA and DE to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Computed results shows that the proposed method effectively improve the performance of the objective function with corresponding minimization of the overshoot, undershoot and settling time to reach steady state.
Extracting Citizen Values as Inputs for Designing Citizen-Responsive Urban e-Planning Services
Authors: Liu Na , Gavino Alex , Purao Sandeep
Published: May 2015

In the context of smart cities, the design of services requires something more than an understanding of functional requirements. It requires an appreciation of basic human values. Based on interviews with citizens in a large city, and an intensive text analysis – the authors describe how such values may be inferred. The authors find that this process of inferring values must account for both real and imagined experiences of citizens, and it can reveal both conflict and congruence among different values. Based on the authors' investigation, they describe it as the VOICE approach, and discuss the implications of how such the use of such an approach can influence the design of citizen responsive e-planning services.
Present or Play
Authors: van Dijk Tom , Spil Ton , van der Burg Sanne , Wenzler Ivo , Dalmolen Simon
Published: May 2015

Serious gaming is one of the newest developments in the world of learning and is gaining increasing attention within the business environment. Although many practitioners claim that serious gaming has more impact on demonstrated behaviour of trainees when compared to common presentations, little evidence exists. In this paper, the authors present an experiment that builds a foundation for proving that serious gaming is more effective than presentations in ensuring people demonstrate a specific set of behaviours within a training setting. The experiment involved addressing the same content a number of times by either holding a presentation or playing a serious game. Consequently, participants' behaviour was measured within a business simulation environment. Results demonstrate that experiencing failure is an important element of learning and that most learning occurs during a game debriefing when participants reflect on their experiences. The importance of learning elements like goal setting, feedback and challenge is demonstrated as well.
Tag-Based Classification for Software-Defined Networking
Authors: Farhady Hamid , Nakao Akihiro
Published: May 2015

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) increasingly attracts more researchers as well as industry attentions. Most of current SDN packet processing approaches classify packets based on matching a set of fields on the packet against a flow table and then applying an action on the packet. The authors argue that it is possible to simplify this mechanism using single-field classification and reduce the overhead. They propose a tag-based packet classification architecture to reduce filtering and flow management overhead. Then, they show how to use this extra capacity to perform application layer classification for different purposes. The authors demonstrated their evaluation results to indicate the effectiveness of the proposal. Furthermore, they implemented a customized user-defined SDN action that addresses some security challenges of one of their previous works and showed performance evaluation results.
A Vision on the Evolution of Perceptions of Professional Practice
Authors: Casado-Lumbreras Cristina , Colomo-Palacios Ricardo , Soto-Acosta Pedro
Published: May 2015

Human factor is the element that produces more deviations in the costs of information technology (IT) projects. Recently, a gap between the competences required from the IT industry and the competences taught in the computer science university degrees has been proposed as a possible explanation to it. This paper further investigates this issue following several steps. First, through a questionnaire administered to different groups of computer science students, it analyses their performance according to a set of professional competences. Then, it addresses the evolution of the students' competences from the beginning of their studies until the end. Finally, it determines the matching of the students' competences with their personal characteristics at the moment they select their major. The results obtained permit recruiting staff to identify competence stereotypes in students and their evolution as well as comparing them with studies of competence requirements included in recent curricular efforts, so that they can act accordingly.
Toward a More Informed and Informative Use of the Concept Network in ICT4D
Authors: Cibangu Sylvain K.
Published: May 2015

In an era of ever fast connected digital communication technologies, network has become the buzzword of our work and daily lives. However, while the concept network has been employed by information and communication technologies for development's (ICT4D) authors the last few years, it has not yet received solid attention. In most cases, ICT4D's authors have merely referred to network, leaving its definition and related conceptual issues at the discretion of the reader. To make things worse, ICT4D has been exposing its readers to theories of various strides and disciplines, such as development studies, management science, information systems, Actor Network Theory, computer network, social networks, etc., but ICT4D's readers remain largely uninformed and misled about network theories/approaches. This paper seeks to fill the gap by heeding the continued calls for ICT4D's stronger theoretical grounding. The paper sketches networks in the social sciences, in general, and derives the consequences for ICT4D's research, in particular. To this end, ICT4D's articles have been analyzed to trace ICT4D's involvement with networks. The paper provides the groundwork from which to produce contributive works on networks in ICT4D. The goal is to instill a more informed engagement of ICT4D with networks.
An Externalizable Model of Tactical Mission Control for Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Andersson Dennis
Published: May 2015

Organizations that deal with humanitarian assistance, disaster response and military activities are often exposed to dynamic environments where chaos rules. Under these circumstances, standard operating procedures may not be always be applicable, forcing the controllers to resort to opportunistic, or even scrambled, control. The lack of tactical or strategic control forces the teams to rely on experience from scenario-based training and prior missions. Acquiring, and retaining, such experience is thus essential to prepare for future events. Based on ideas from the knowledge management community, this article proposes an externalizable control model, supporting methods for retaining mission experience through internalization via hypermedia. Such a knowledge base of experience can be used to simplify knowledge sharing, an important matter since first-hand experience from rare and extreme events is, naturally, rare. The knowledge base synthesizes actual decision making processes, complete with context, history, cues, and interactions and is captured through a combination of heterogeneous multimedia recordings, sensor readings, and documents relating to the mission. The approach can complement regular training and apprenticeships, to help establish and maintain a pool of knowledge and increase tactical commanders' recognition-primed decision-making capability.
Social Construction of Colombo Lotus Tower
Authors: Rathnayake Chamil
Published: May 2015

This paper discusses, using the framework of Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) and some recent related work, the design, location, and the funding background of the Colombo Lotus Tower. Lotus Tower is a multifunctional communication tower currently being built in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Popular press articles, a discussion forum at Skyscrapercity.com, website of the Telecommunication Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka, and content on several related websites were used to understand the public discourse related to the Lotus Tower. According to the public discourse, there are at least three intertwined narratives related to the design and location of the Lotus Tower: 1) Buddhist symbolism, 2) symbolizing post-war Sri Lanka's development, and 3) help develop Colombo as a tourist destination. These three narratives show how power asymmetries between main ethnic groups, aspirations of pre-existing social groups, and government's ability to draw resources shape the construction of the Lotus Tower. Accordingly, the case of Lotus Tower indicates how ethnic, religious, and political factors can make artifact design unique in different contexts.
Exploring Privacy Notification and Control Mechanisms for Proximity-Aware Tablets
Authors: Zhou Huiyuan , Ferreira Vinicius , Alves Thamara Silva , MacKay Bonnie , Hawkey Kirstie , Reilly Derek
Published: May 2015

In hospitals, offices and other settings, professionals face the challenge of accessing and sharing sensitive content in public areas. As tablets become increasingly adopted in work environments, it is important to explore ways to support privacy that are appropriate for tablet use in dynamic, mobile workflows. In this research we consider how spatial information can be utilized to support both individual and collaborative work in a natural way while respecting data privacy. We present a proof-of-concept implementation of a proximity-aware tablet, and a range of privacy notification and control mechanisms designed for such a tablet. Results from a user study support the idea that interpersonal distance and orientation can be used to mediate privacy management for tablet interfaces. Selecting a specific design for privacy threat notification and response is highly context-dependent—for example, in health care the first priority is to not impede the fluid exchange of information.
The Contributions of Perceived Graphic and Enactive Realism to Enjoyment and Engagement in Active Video Games
Authors: Lin Jih-Hsuan , Peng Wei
Published: May 2015

How perceived realism in a video game contributes to game enjoyment and engagement is a theoretically important and practically significant question. The conceptualization and operationalization of perceived realism in previous video game studies vary greatly, particularly regarding the dimensions of perceived graphic realism and perceived external realism. The authors argue that it is important to examine perceived enactive realism, particularly for interactive and participatory media such as video games. This study examines the contribution of two types of perceived realism—perceived graphic realism and perceived enactive realism—to enjoyment and engagement as manifested by the level of physical movement intensity in an active video game playing context. It was found that perceived enactive realism was a significant predictor of enjoyment and engagement in playing active video games. However, perceived graphic realism was not found to be a significant predictor of enjoyment or engagement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Social Contributors and Consequences of Habitual and Compulsive Game Play
Authors: Wohn Donghee Yvette , Lee Yu-Hao , Ozkaya Elif Yilmaz
Published: May 2015

This study examines the relationship between social motivations, pro-social relationship outcomes, and two types of game play—habitual and compulsive—in the context of simulation games on Facebook. Social motivations were significantly associated with compulsive game play, but not habitual game play. Compulsive play was a positive predictor of pro-social outcomes whereas habitual use was not. By differentiating two different types of media use that are both associated with problematic use, the authors see that social factors contribute to people's inability to control their gaming behavior, but that the so-called “addictive” behavior can also yield positive relationship outcomes.
iPhone® or smartphone support diagnosis in internal medicine
Authors: Mazzone Antonino
Published: May 2015

Not required
Young FADOI internists: from evidence to clinical practice
Authors: Gnerre Paola , Gambacorta Maurizia
Published: May 2015

Not required
14º Congresso Regionale FADOI Campania, Napoli, 16-17 aprile 2015
Authors: Uomo Presidente: G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract Book of the 14º Congresso Regionale FADOI Campania, Napoli, 16-17 aprile 2015.
Abstract book of the XX Congresso Nazionale della Società Scientifica FADOI, Torino, 9-12 maggio 2015
Authors: Campanini Presidente: M. , Valerio Guest Editor: A.
Published: May 2015

Abstract book of the XX Congresso Nazionale della Società Scientifica FADOI, Torino, 9-12 maggio 2015.
Lake sediment grab sampling versus coring for environmental risk assessment of metal mining
Authors: Alpay S , Alpay R J , Grenier A , Gould W D
Published: May 2015

Current practices for baseline studies of sites to be developed for mining include surface grab sampling of sediments in aquatic receiving environments. In contrast, vertical sediment coring is a universal tool of paleolimnological research. This study evaluates
the effectiveness of sediment grab sampling versus sediment coring for environmental risk assessment of metal mining. The former Aldermac mine (Cu, Zn, Au and Ag), 25 km west of Rouyn-Noranda in Abitibi, Quebec, operated from 1932-1943 and discharged acid mine drainage to the watershed downstream.
The study site is representative of both a common mineral deposit and the legacy of historical mining practices. Contamination and adverse effects on aquatic habitats were demonstrated to the point where the government of Quebec led an environmental restoration of the Aldermac property (2008-11).
Further mining development is foreseeable in the watershed. Surveys of sediment grab samples (2011-13) were done by Petite Ponar with a penetration depth of approximately 5-10 cm at 32 sites. Co-located sediment coring surveys were conducted using a 10-cm diameter gravity corer, modified with
extension rods, to a sediment depth of 30-45 cm. Cores were sub-sampled at discrete depth intervals in two exercises: one survey with a larger regional distribution and thicker sediment slices (32 sites) and the other at 1-cm interval sections at 5 sites for detailed study. Grab sampling generated
rapid results that permitted estimates of the current environmental reference state (baseline before new development), metal contaminant sources, and the spatial extent of metal contamination. Sediment coring produced estimates of naturally-occurring metal concentrations (pre-industrial background),
the current baseline metal concentrations, metal contaminant sources, the duration of contamination, and its spatial extent. Although surveys of surface sediment grabs are faster and simpler and provide more sample material, they are imprecise snapshots without temporal scales. Sediment coring
offers chronology of metal contaminant deposition, more precision, and potential for more targeted data (e.g., to fingerprint metal contaminant sources, assess diagenetic metal mobility, determine stability of metal-bearing phases). Cores can be taken in a reasonably rapid and simple manner, but
less efficiently than grab sampling with less sample material for each core slice if sub-sampled at high resolution. Grab sampling offers a first approximation that may be sufficient for an initial environmental risk assessment. However, when further investigation is warranted, sediment coring can
be optimized for efficiency and provide insight into accumulated metal contamination over time and an estimate of the range of metal levels in a naturally mineralized region (natural background).
Till geochemistry and mineralogy near Cu-Au and Cu-Mo porphyry deposits in British Columbia;
indicators of buried mineralization
Authors: Plouffe A , Ferbey T , Hashmi S , Ward B C
Published: May 2015

Till sampling orientation surveys were completed near the Cu-Mo Gibraltar Mine, the Cu-Au Mount Polley Mine, and the Cu-Mo-Au Woodjam prospect with the objective of defining geochemical and mineralogical indicators of buried Cu porphyry mineralization.
Mineralization does not outcrop at Woodjam and was in large part covered by glacial sediments at Gibraltar and Mount Polley Mine at pre-mining time. First, we present the distribution of three indicators at each deposit: 1) Cu concentrations in the clay-sized fraction (<0.002 mm), 2)
chalcopyrite grain counts and, 3) epidote grain percentages in the 0.25-0.5 mm fraction (specific gravity >3.2). At each site, the indicators occur in greater concentrations (Cu) or in greater amounts (chalcopyrite and epidote grains) near and down-ice of mineralized zones compared to
surrounding background regions devoid of known mineralization. In addition to these three indicators of mineralization, gold grains are more abundant near the Cu-Au porphyry deposit at Mount Polley compared to background levels. Therefore, gold grains are interpreted to be indicative of the Au
mineralization. Distribution of these indicators in till are related to the presence of mineralization in bedrock and its dispersal by glacial transport, hence the importance of reconstructing ice-flow histories. Secondly, using till compositional data from a previous project (Mountain Pine Beetle),
we test the region of two Late Triassic - Early Jurassic intrusions (Takomkane and Thuya batholiths) for their potential to host Cu porphyry mineralization. Two areas with elevated Cu concentrations, and high chalcopyrite and gold grain counts in till suggest potential for porphyry-style Cu-Au
mineralization: 1) the Spout Lake pluton, approximately five kilometres west of the Takomkane batholith, and 2) the north end of the Thuya batholith.
Deficiency of Vitamin D in Allergic Rhinitis: A Possible Factor in Multifactorial Disease
Authors: Jain Anil , Shah Pankaj , Modh Datt , Thakkar Bhaskar , Katarkar Ashish , Joshi Krupal
Published: May 2015

Allergic rhinitis is a common condition affecting 5 to 40% of general population and its prevalence is increasing. It is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of nasal mucosa. As per recent studies, there is an association between serum vitamin D levels and allergic rhinitis status. Vitamin D has major role in the regulation of calcium metabolism. In addition to this, it also has a number of immunological effects and takes part in immunomodulation, which can significantly affect the outcome of allergic responses like in allergic rhinitis.

Aims and objectives

To establish the correlation between vitamin D3 serum levels and allergic rhinitis.

Materials and methods

Vitamin D levels were assessed in 23 patients with allergic rhinitis diagnosed clinically by allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma 2008 criteria and results were compared with vitamin D status in the normal population of same region.

Results

The levels of serum vitamin D levels were significantly low in the patients of allergic rhinitis.

Conclusion

Measuring of serum levels of vitamin D could be considered in the routine assessment of patients with allergic rhinitis.

How to cite this article

Thakkar B, Katarkar A, Modh D, Jain A, Shah P, Joshi K. Deficiency of Vitamin D in Allergic Rhinitis: A Possible Factor in Multifactorial Disease. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(3):112-116.
Fungal Mass in the Concha Bullosa: A Rare Entity
Authors: Joseph Antony , Gautam Amol , Sasindran Vivek , Abraham Shobin Suja
Published: May 2015

The enlargement of the middle concha as a pneumatized cavity is defined as concha bullosa. Concha bullosa is one of the most frequently encountered anatomic variations inside the nose. Polyps, submucous cysts, ossifying fibromas and pyoceles have been found in concha bullosa. This is a case report where fungal mass was seen inside the concha bullosa. Clinicians should be aware that a chronic rhinosinusitis that is unresponsive to normal management with a hyper dense focus is highly suggestive of fungal ball.

How to cite this article

Sasindran V, Joseph A, Abraham SS, Gautam A. Fungal Mass in the Concha Bullosa: A Rare Entity. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(3):132-134.
Unusually Deep Intracranial Extension of Instrument with Internal Carotid Artery Injury during Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Harsha Kamble J , Parameswaran K , George Akash K , Thomas Anu
Published: May 2015

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a widely accepted technique, performed extensively in conjugation with septoplasty and paranasal sinus disorders, with good results and minimal complications. Even though, extreme care is required during surgery due to the proximity of the sinuses to the eyes, optic nerves, brain and internal carotid arteries. Here we report a rare case of unusually deep intracranial extension of instrument with internal carotid artery injury during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

How to cite this article

Harsha KJ, Parameswaran K, George AK, Thomas A. Unusually Deep Intracranial Extension of Instrument with Internal Carotid Artery Injury during Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(3):135-138.
High Order Aberration Outcomes of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Eyes with Keratoconus and Post-LASIK Ectasia
Authors: Muzychuk Adam , Penner Victor , Rocha Guillermo
Published: May 2015

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of riboflavin and ultraviolet- A-induced corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) on high order aberrations (HOA) up to third-order at 6 months using the iTrace wavefront aberrometer in patients with progressive keratoconus and post-LASIK ectasia.

Materials and methods

Ongoing retrospective chart review of patients having undergone CXL. The iTrace (Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX) was used to evaluate HOA. Patient data was collected from a single clinical site pre- and 6 months postoperatively. Data collected included logMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), logMAR corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, and HOA measurements. Data was analyzed with paired two-tailed student's t-test.

Results

18 eyes (9M:4F, mean age 29.2 years, range 16-45) had 6 months of follow-up. Total HOAs, total coma and total trefoil were significantly reduced at 6 months by 16, 33 and 26% respectively (p < 0.05). Nonsignificant trends toward improvement were seen in spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and UDVA. There were no statistically significant changes in manifest refraction or CDVA.

Conclusion

Improvement in high order aberration profile is one mechanism by which corneal collagen crosslinking enhances visual function in ectatic corneas. Total HOA and total coma measures are the most commonly reported improvements in HOA measures in previous studies, while total trefoil has only been observed in one other study. The improvements seen in HOAs remain fairly modest which likely accounts for the lack of measureable improvement in high-contrast visual acuity measures, such as Snellen UDVA and CDVA. This study is the first to report HOA outcomes with the iTrace wavefront aberrometer.

How to cite this article

Muzychuk A, Penner V, Rocha G. High Order Aberration Outcomes of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Eyes with Keratoconus and Post-LASIK Ectasia. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(3):107-112.
Modeling organic aerosol composition at the puy de Dôme mountain (France) for two contrasted air masses with the WRF-Chem model
Authors: Barbet C. , Deguillaume L. , Chaumerliac N. , Leriche M. , Berger A. , Freney E. , Colomb A. , Sellegri K. , Patryl L. , Armand P.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Simulations with the chemistry-transport model WRF-Chem are compared to aerosol measurements performed at the puy de Dôme station with a compact Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS) for two episodes in autumn 2008 and in summer 2010. The WRF-Chem model is used with the Volatility Basis Set (VBS) approach dedicated to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The model systematically underestimates the observed concentrations of organic aerosol (OA), with significant differences observed for the summer case. For this event, where high OA concentrations were observed (12.5 μg m-3 in average), simulated OA mass concentration is 2.0 μg m-3. For the autumn event, observed OA concentrations reached 2.6 μg m-3. The simulated concentrations reached only 0.6 μg m-3. During the summer event, several gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured and were used to test the robustness of both emission/dry deposition and SOA formation processes. The concentrations of VOCs, and more specifically the anthropogenic ones, calculated by the model are estimated to be much lower than the observed ones. Hence, the emissions of all SOA precursors are multiplied by 2 in the model: this induces an increase of the mean OA mass concentration of 25% (+0.5 μg m-3) and 18% (+0.4 μg m-3), respectively for anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs. The dry deposition of gas-phase organic condensable vapours (OCVs) is also critical to predict the SOA mass concentrations: dividing the deposition factor by 2 leads to an increase of OA mass by an additional 12% (+0.2 μg m-3). However, these increases were not sufficient to explain the observed OA concentration, and the underestimation of the OA concentration levels seems to be principally related to a lack in the parameterization of SOA formation. Changing the oxidation rate of OCVs from 1.0 × 10-11 to 4.0 × 10-11 cm3 molecule−1 s-1, doubling the SOA yields for anthropogenic VOCs and finally doubling the SOA yields for biogenic VOCs results in an increase of the mean OA mass concentration by 56% (+1.1 μg m-3), 61% (+1.2 μg m-3) and 40% (+0.8 μg m-3), respectively. The consideration of both emission/dry deposition and SOA formation processes tests lead to a mean OA mass concentration of 10.7 μg m-3 for 2010, a value that is close to the observations. For 2008, modifying solely the oxidation rate of OCVs and the SOA yields is sufficient to reproduce the observed level of mean OA mass (a mass of 2.4 μg m-3 is obtained by the model whereas a mass of 2.6 μg m-3 was observed).
Soil geohazard mapping for improved asset management of UK local roads
Authors: Pritchard O. G. , Hallett S. H. , Farewell T. S.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Unclassified roads comprise 60% of the road network in the United Kingdom (UK). The resilience of this locally important network is declining. It is considered by the Institution of Civil Engineers to be "at risk" and is ranked 26th in the world. Many factors contribute to the degradation and ultimate failure of particular road sections. However, several UK local authorities have identified that in drought conditions, road sections founded upon shrink/swell susceptible clay soils undergo significant deterioration compared with sections on non-susceptible soils. This arises from the local road network having little, if any structural foundations. Consequently, droughts in East Anglia have resulted in millions of pounds of damage, leading authorities to seek emergency governmental funding. This paper assesses the use of soil-related geohazard assessments in providing soil-informed maintenance strategies for the asset management of the locally important road network of the UK. A case study draws upon the UK administrative county of Lincolnshire, where road assessment data have been analysed against mapped clay-subsidence risk. This reveals a statistically significant relationship between road condition and susceptible clay soils. Furthermore, incorporation of UKCP09 future climate projections within the geohazard models has highlighted roads likely to be at future risk of clay-related subsidence.
Role of intertidal wetlands for tidal and storm tide attenuation along a confined estuary: a model study
Authors: Smolders S. , Plancke Y. , Ides S. , Meire P. , Temmerman S.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Coastal lowlands and estuaries are subjected to increasing flood risks during storm surges due to global and regional changes. Tidal wetlands are increasingly valued as effective natural buffers for storm surges by dissipating wave energy and providing flood water storage. While previous studies focused on flood wave attenuation within and behind wetlands, this study focuses on the effects of estuarine wetland properties on the attenuation of a storm tide that propagates along the length of an estuary. Wetland properties including elevation, surface area, and location within the estuary were investigated using a numerical model of the Scheldt estuary (Belgium, SW Netherlands). For a spring tide lower wetland elevations result in more attenuation of high water levels along the estuary, while for a higher storm tide higher elevations provide more attenuation compared to lower wetland elevations. For spring and storm tide a arger wetland surface area results in a better attenuation along the estuary up to a threshold wetland size for which larger wetlands do not further contribute to more attenuation. Finally a wetland of the same size and elevation, but located more upstream in the estuary, can store a larger proportion of the local flood volume and therefore has a larger attenuating effect on upstream high water levels. With this paper we aim to contribute towards a better understanding and wider implementation of ecosystem-based adaptation to increasing estuarine flood risks associated with storms.
Determination of hydrological roughness by means of close range remote sensing
Authors: Kaiser A. , Neugirg F. , Haas F. , Schmidt J. , Becht M. , Schindewolf M.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The objective of the presented work was to develop a method to acquire Manning's n by creating very high resolution surface models with Structure from Motion-methods. As hydraulic roughness is an essential parameter for physically based erosion models, a practical measuring technique is valuable during field work. Data acquisition took place during several field experiments in the Lainbach valley, southern Germany and on agricultural sites in Saxony, eastern Germany and in central Brazil. Rill and interrill conditions were simulated by flow experiments. In order to validate our findings stream velocity was measured with colour tracers. Grain sizes were derived by measuring distances from a best fit line to the reconstructed soil surface. Several diameters from D50 to D90 were tested with D90 showing best correlation between tracer experiments and photogrammetrically acquired data. Several roughness parameters were tested (standard deviation, random roughness, Garbrechts n and D90). Best agreement in between the grain size and the hydraulic roughness was achieved with a non-linear sigmoid function and D90 rather than with the Garbrecht equation or statistical parameters.