bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyphenols from Acorn Leaves (Quercus liaotungensis) Protect Pancreatic Beta Cells and Their Inhibitory Activity against α-Glucosidase and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Xude , Yue Jiayin , Sun Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaoshu , Zhao Yuqing
Published: August 2018

Acorn leaves, which possess potential pharmacologic effects, are traditionally consumed as food in China. Phytochemical investigations of acorn leaves yielded one new and 25 known polyphenols, and their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Three antidiabetes assays were conducted. Compound 2 considerably increased the survival of pancreatic beta cells by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species and enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in MIN6 cells damaged by H2O2. The preliminary mechanism by which compound 2 protects pancreatic beta cells was through the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 HO-1 pathway. Most of the tested isolates showed strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. The IC50 values of most compounds were much lower than those of the positive control. The results suggest that polyphenols from acorn leaves are potential functional food ingredients that can be used as antidiabetic agents.
Selective Oxidation of Veratryl Alcohol over Au-Pd/Ce0.62Zr0.38O2 Catalysts Synthesized by Sol-Immobilization: Effect of Au:Pd Molar Ratio
Authors: Olmos Carol M. , Chinchilla Lidia E. , Cappella Andrea M. , Villa Alberto , Delgado Juan J. , Hungría Ana B. , Blanco Ginesa , Calvino Jose J. , Prati Laura , Chen Xiaowei
Published: August 2018

The selective oxidation of veratryl alcohol (VA), a model compound of lignin, with oxygen molecules to produce veratraldehyde (VAld) was studied over monometallic Au, Pd, and bimetallic Au:Pd nanoparticles supported on a Ce0.62Zr0.38O2 mixed oxide for the first time. These bimetallic Au-Pd catalysts with Au:Pd molar ratios from 0.4 to 4.3 were synthesized by the sol-immobilization method. Furthermore, all the catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), N2 physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy-high angle annular dark field (STEM-HAADF) imaging, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) techniques. A synergistic effect between gold and palladium was observed over all the bimetallic catalysts in a wide range of studied Au:Pd ratios. Remarkably, the optimum Au:Pd ratio for this reaction was 1.4 with a turnover frequency of almost six times larger than for the monometallic gold and palladium catalysts. Selectivity to veratraldehyde was higher than 99% for the monometallic Au, Pd, and all the bimetallic Au-Pd catalysts, and stayed constant during the reaction time.
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Obesity-Induced Cancer
Authors: Yau Mabel Yin-Chun , Xu Lu , Huang Chien-Ling , Wong Chi-Ming
Published: August 2018

Many mechanisms of obesity-induced cancers have been proposed. However, it remains unclear whether or not long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play any role in obesity-induced cancers. In this article, we briefly discuss the generally accepted hypotheses explaining the mechanisms of obesity-induced cancers, summarize the latest evidence for the expression of a number of well-known cancer-associated lncRNAs in obese subjects, and propose the potential contribution of lncRNAs to obesity-induced cancers. We hope this review can serve as an inspiration to scientists to further explore the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the development of obesity-induced cancers. Those findings will be fundamental in the development of effective therapeutics or interventions to combat this life-threatening adverse effect of obesity.
A Disaggregation Methodology to Estimate Intake of Added Sugars and Free Sugars: An Illustration from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Amoutzopoulos Birdem , Steer Toni , Roberts Caireen , Cole Darren , Collins David , Yu Dove , Hawes Tabitha , Abraham Suzanna , Nicholson Sonja , Baker Ruby , Page Polly
Published: August 2018

Various and inconsistent definitions for free and added sugars are used in the consideration and assessment of dietary intakes across public health, presenting challenges for nutritional surveillance, research, and policy. Furthermore, analytical methods to identify those sugars which are not naturally incorporated into the cellular structure of foods are lacking, thus free and added sugars are difficult to estimate in an efficient and accurate way. We aimed to establish a feasible and accurate method that can be applied flexibly to different definitions. Based on recipe disaggregation, our method involved five steps and showed good repeatability and validity. The resulting Free Sugars Database provided data for seven components of sugars; (1) table sugar; (2) other sugars; (3) honey; (4) fruit juice; (5) fruit puree; (6) dried fruit; and (7) stewed fruit, for ~9000 foods. Our approach facilitates a standardized and efficient assessment of added and free sugars, offering benefit and potential for nutrition research and surveillance, and for the food industry, for example to support sugar reduction and reformulation agendas.
Exploring Drivers of Liking of Low-Phenylalanine Products in Subjects with Phenyilketonuria Using Check-All-That-Apply Method
Authors: Proserpio Cristina , Pagliarini Ella , Zuvadelli Juri , Paci Sabrina , Re Dionigi Alice , Banderali Giuseppe , Cattaneo Camilla , Verduci Elvira
Published: August 2018

The aim of the present study was to apply the Check-all-that-apply (CATA) method in an ambulatory context involving subjects with phenylketonuria (PKU) to obtain a sensory description and to find the drivers of liking of low-phenylalanine products (Glycomacropeptide vs. L-amino acids formulas). 86 subjects with PKU (age range: 8–55 years) evaluated 8 samples: 4 L-amino acid formulas and 4 Glycomacropeptide (GMP) formulas, flavored with neutral, chocolate, strawberry and tomato aromas. Participants were asked to indicate which sensory attributes characterized each formulations and to score the overall liking. Significant differences were found regarding liking scores (F = 65.29; p < 0.001). GMP samples flavored with chocolate and strawberry, described as sweets, with a mild and natural taste and odor, were the most appreciated. Overall, GMP formulas obtained higher liking scores compared to L-amino acid formulas. Tomato flavored samples, described as bitter, salty, with artificial color, with strong taste and odor, obtained the lowest scores. In conclusion, CATA questionnaire seems to be a suitable method also in ambulatory context since this approach suggested that different foods and beverages with GMP could be developed to improve dietary treatment compliance of subjects with PKU from school age onwards.
Biodegradable Rice Starch/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Films with Added Propolis Extract for Potential Use as Active Food Packaging
Authors: Suriyatem Rungsiri , Auras Rafael , Rachtanapun Chitsiri , Rachtanapun Pornchai
Published: August 2018

Active films from rice starch/carboxymethyl chitosan (RS/CMCh) incorporated with propolis extract (ppl) were developed and characterized. The effect of the ppl content (0–10% w/w based on RS/CMCh) on the developed films’ properties were determined by measuring the optical, mechanical, thermal, swelling, barrier, antimicrobial, and antioxidant attributes. The thermal stability and biodegradability of the films were also investigated. As the ppl content increased, free radical scavenging and a* and b* color values increased, whereas luminosity (L*) and swellability of the films decreased. The active films with 5–10% ppl possessed antimicrobial ability against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus). The active film with 10% ppl displayed increased flexibility and thermal stability, without a change in oxygen permeability. The results indicated that incorporation of ppl into RS/CMCh film could enhance the films’ antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Framing Islam/Creating Fear: An Analysis of U.S. Media Coverage of Terrorism from 2011–2016
Authors: Powell Kimberly A.
Published: August 2018

Powell’s 2011 study of media coverage of 11 post-9/11 terrorist events argued that a thematic framing exists which results in a model of media coverage of terrorism that is different for acts of terror committed by Muslims than by non-Muslims. This pattern connects terrorism to Islam, thus creating a fear of the “other” and aids terrorists in achieving their goal of creating a climate of fear. This study examines the 11 terrorist events since the last study, between 2011 and 2016, to determine if any changes in media coverage of terrorism have occurred in a climate of increased awareness of Islamophobia.
Cross-Pol Transponder with Frequency Shifter for Bistatic Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Pieraccini Massimiliano , Miccinesi Lapo
Published: August 2018

Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) systems are popular remote sensing instruments for detecting the ground changes of landslides, glaciers, and open pits as well as for detecting small displacements of large structures, such as bridges and dams. Recently (2017), a novel mono/bistatic GBSAR configuration was proposed to acquire two different components of displacement of the targets in the field of view. This bistatic configuration relies on a transponder that consists—in its basic implementation—of just two antennas and an amplifier. The aim of this article was to design and experimentally test an improved transponder with cross-polarized antennas and frequency shifter that is able to prevent possible oscillations even at very high gain, as required in long-range applications. The transponder was successfully field-tested, and its measured gain was 91 dB gain.
Integration of Terrestrial and Drone-Borne Hyperspectral and Photogrammetric Sensing Methods for Exploration Mapping and Mining Monitoring
Authors: Kirsch Moritz , Lorenz Sandra , Zimmermann Robert , Tusa Laura , Möckel Robert , Hödl Philip , Booysen René , Khodadadzadeh Mahdi , Gloaguen Richard
Published: August 2018

Mapping lithology and geological structures accurately remains a challenge in difficult terrain or in active mining areas. We demonstrate that the integration of terrestrial and drone-borne multi-sensor remote sensing techniques significantly improves the reliability, safety, and efficiency of geological activities during exploration and mining monitoring. We describe an integrated workflow to produce a geometrically and spectrally accurate combination of a Structure-from-Motion Multi-View Stereo point cloud and hyperspectral data cubes in the visible to near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR), as well as long-wave infrared (LWIR) ranges acquired by terrestrial and drone-borne imaging sensors. Vertical outcrops in a quarry in the Freiberg mining district, Saxony (Germany), featuring sulfide-rich hydrothermal zones in a granitoid host, are used to showcase the versatility of our approach. The image data are processed using spectroscopic and machine learning algorithms to generate meaningful 2.5D (i.e., surface) maps that are available to geologists on the ground just shortly after data acquisition. We validate the remote sensing data with thin section analysis and laboratory X-ray diffraction, as well as point spectroscopic data. The combination of ground- and drone-based photogrammetric and hyperspectral VNIR, SWIR, and LWIR imaging allows for safer and more efficient ground surveys, as well as a better, statistically sound sampling strategy for further structural, geochemical, and petrological investigations.
An Empirical Algorithm to Retrieve Significant Wave Height from Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery Collected under Cyclonic Conditions
Authors: Shao Weizeng , Hu Yuyi , Yang Jingsong , Nunziata Ferdinando , Sun Jian , Li Huan , Zuo Juncheng
Published: August 2018

In this study, an empirical algorithm is proposed to retrieve significant wave height (SWH) from dual-polarization Sentinel-1 (S-1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery collected under cyclonic conditions. The retrieval scheme is based on the well-known CWAVE empirical function that is here updated to deal with multi-polarization S-1 SAR measurements collected using the interferometric wide (IW) and the Extra Wide-Swath (EW) imaging modes, under cyclonic conditions. First, a training dataset that consists of six S-1 SAR images collected under cyclonic conditions is exploited to both tune the retrieval function and to check the soundness of the retrievals against the co-located WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) numerical simulations. The comparison of simulation from the WW3 model and measurements from altimeter Jason-2 shows a 0.29m root mean square error (RMSE) of significant wave height (SWH). Then, a testing data-set that consists of two S-1 SAR images is exploited to provide a preliminary validation. The results, verified against both WW3 and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data, show the soundness of the herein approach.
Capturing Electrocardiogram Signals from Chairs by Multiple Capacitively Coupled Unipolar Electrodes
Authors: Hou Zhongjie , Xiang Jinxi , Dong Yonggui , Xue Xiaohui , Xiong Hao , Yang Bin
Published: August 2018

A prototype of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition system with multiple unipolar capacitively coupled electrodes is designed and experimentally tested. Capacitively coupled electrodes made of a standard printed circuit board (PCB) are used as the sensing electrodes. Different from the conventional measurement schematics, where one single lead ECG signal is acquired from a pair of sensing electrodes, the sensing electrodes in our approaches operate in a unipolar mode, i.e., the biopotential signals picked up by each sensing electrodes are amplified and sampled separately. Four unipolar electrodes are mounted on the backrest of a regular chair and therefore four channel of signals containing ECG information are sampled and processed. It is found that the qualities of ECG signal contained in the four channel are different from each other. In order to pick up the ECG signal, an index for quality evaluation, as well as for aggregation of multiple signals, is proposed based on phase space reconstruction. Experimental tests are carried out while subjects sitting on the chair and clothed. The results indicate that the ECG signals can be reliably obtained in such a unipolar way.
High-Accuracy Calibration Based on Linearity Adjustment for Eddy Current Displacement Sensor
Authors: Liu Wei , Liang Bing , Jia Zhenyuan , Feng Di , Jiang Xintong , Li Xiao , Zhou Mengde
Published: August 2018

High precision position control is essential in the process of parts manufacturing and assembling, where eddy current displacement sensors (ECDSs) are widely used owing to the advantages of non-contact sensing, compact volume, and resistance to harsh conditions. To solve the nonlinear characteristics of the sensors, a high-accuracy calibration method based on linearity adjustment is proposed for ECDSs in this paper, which markedly improves the calibration accuracy and then the measurement accuracy. After matching the displacement value and the output voltage of the sensors, firstly, the sensitivity is adjusted according to the specified output range. Then, the weighted support vector adjustment models with the optimal weight of the zero-scale, mid-scale and full-scale are established respectively to cyclically adjust the linearity of the output characteristic curve. Finally, the final linearity adjustment model is obtained, and both the calibration accuracy and precision are verified by the established calibration system. Experimental results show that the linearity of the output characteristic curve of ECDS adjusted by the calibration method reaches over 99.9%, increasing by 1.9–5.0% more than the one of the original. In addition, the measurement accuracy improves from 11–25 μ m to 1–10 μ m in the range of 6mm, which provides a reliable guarantee for high accuracy displacement measurement.
Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors
Authors: Cavaliere Alice , Carotenuto Federico , Di Gennaro Filippo , Gioli Beniamino , Gualtieri Giovanni , Martelli Francesca , Matese Alessandro , Toscano Piero , Vagnoli Carolina , Zaldei Alessandro
Published: August 2018

A low-cost air quality station has been developed for real-time monitoring of main atmospheric pollutants. Sensors for CO, CO2, NO2, O3, VOC, PM2.5 and PM10 were integrated on an Arduino Shield compatible board. As concerns PM2.5 and PM10 sensors, the station underwent a laboratory calibration and later a field validation. Laboratory calibration has been carried out at the headquarters of CNR-IBIMET in Florence (Italy) against a TSI DustTrak reference instrument. A MATLAB procedure, implementing advanced mathematical techniques to detect possible complex non-linear relationships between sensor signals and reference data, has been developed and implemented to accomplish the laboratory calibration. Field validation has been performed across a full “heating season” (1 November 2016 to 15 April 2017) by co-locating the station at a road site in Florence where an official fixed air quality station was in operation. Both calibration and validation processes returned fine scores, in most cases better than those achieved for similar systems in the literature. During field validation, in particular, for PM2.5 and PM10 mean biases of 0.036 and 0.598 µg/m3, RMSE of 4.056 and 6.084 µg/m3, and R2 of 0.909 and 0.957 were achieved, respectively. Robustness of the developed station, seamless deployed through a five and a half month outdoor campaign without registering sensor failures or drifts, is a further key point.
A Study of Diagnostic Accuracy Using a Chemical Sensor Array and a Machine Learning Technique to Detect Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Chi-Hsiang , Zeng Chian , Wang Yi-Chia , Peng Hsin-Yi , Lin Chia-Sheng , Chang Che-Jui , Yang Hsiao-Yu
Published: August 2018

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death around the world, and lung cancer screening remains challenging. This study aimed to develop a breath test for the detection of lung cancer using a chemical sensor array and a machine learning technique. We conducted a prospective study to enroll lung cancer cases and non-tumour controls between 2016 and 2018 and analysed alveolar air samples using carbon nanotube sensor arrays. A total of 117 cases and 199 controls were enrolled in the study of which 72 subjects were excluded due to having cancer at another site, benign lung tumours, metastatic lung cancer, carcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, received chemotherapy or other diseases. Subjects enrolled in 2016 and 2017 were used for the model derivation and internal validation. The model was externally validated in subjects recruited in 2018. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed using the pathological reports as the reference standard. In the external validation, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were 0.91 (95% CI = 0.79–1.00) by linear discriminant analysis and 0.90 (95% CI = 0.80–0.99) by the supportive vector machine technique. The combination of the sensor array technique and machine learning can detect lung cancer with high accuracy.
Social Class and Child Welfare: Intertwining Issues of Redistribution and Recognition
Authors: Fauske Halvor , Kojan Bente Heggem , Skårstad Storhaug Anita
Published: August 2018

By the end of the 20th century, social class appeared to be an old-fashioned and outdated concept. Serious doubts were expressed about the theoretical and empirical relevance of social class in understanding inequalities in contemporary society. However, experiences from completing research with children and families receiving support from child welfare services shows that applying a class perspective is useful. The purpose of our study was to explore the redistributive and cultural dimensions of social class in the context of child welfare. The data include survey interviews with 715 families in contact with the Norwegian child welfare services (CWS). We found that social class is important but with different effects compared with the industrial society. Our analysis highlighted the problems children and families involved with CWS face, associated with social inequalities based on class differences. We argue that social class is part of the social dynamic of late modern societies, and that this dynamic intertwines with the lives of families in CWS and the problem complexes they encounter in everyday life.
Assessing Map-Reading Skills Using Eye Tracking and Bayesian Structural Equation Modelling
Authors: Dong Weihua , Jiang Yuhao , Zheng Liangyu , Liu Bing , Meng Liqiu
Published: August 2018

Map reading is an important skill for acquiring spatial information. Previous studies have mainly used results-based assessments to learn about map-reading skills. However, how to model the relationship between map-reading skills and eye movement metrics is not well documented. In this paper, we propose a novel method to assess map-reading skills using eye movement metrics and Bayesian structural equation modelling. We recruited 258 participants to complete five map-reading tasks, which included map visualization, topology, navigation, and spatial association. The results indicated that map-reading skills could be reflected in three selected eye movement metrics, namely, the measure of first fixation, the measure of processing, and the measure of search. The model fitted well for all five tasks, and the scores generated by the model reflected the accuracy and efficiency of the participants’ performance. This study might provide a new approach to facilitate the quantitative assessment of map-reading skills based on eye tracking.
Consumer Readiness to Reduce Meat Consumption for the Purpose of Environmental Sustainability: Insights from Norway
Authors: Austgulen Marthe Hårvik , Skuland Silje Elisabeth , Schjøll Alexander , Alfnes Frode
Published: August 2018

Food production is associated with various environmental impacts and the production of meat is highlighted as a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. A transition toward plant-based and low-meat diets has thus been emphasised as an important contribution to reducing climate change. By combining results from a consumer survey, focus group interviews and an in-store field experiment, this article investigates whether Norwegian consumers are ready to make food choices based on what is environmentally sustainable. We ask how consumers perceive the environmental impacts of food consumption, whether they are willing and able to change their food consumption in a more climate-friendly direction, and what influences their perceptions and positions. The results show that there is uncertainty among consumers regarding what constitutes climate- or environmentally friendly food choices and that few consumers are motivated to change their food consumption patterns for climate- or environmental reasons. Consumers’ support to initiatives, such as eating less meat and increasing the prices of meat, are partly determined by the consumers’ existing value orientation and their existing consumption practices. Finally, we find that although providing information about the climate benefits of eating less meat has an effect on vegetable purchases, this does not seem to mobilise consumer action any more than the provision of information about the health benefits of eating less meat does. The article concludes that environmental policies aiming to transfer part of the responsibility for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to food consumers is being challenged by the fact that most consumers are still not ready to make food choices based on what is best for the climate or environment.
Technical and Humanities Students’ Perspectives on the Development and Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Gherheș Vasile , Obrad Ciprian
Published: August 2018

This study investigates how the development of artificial intelligence (AI) is perceived by the students enrolled in technical and humanistic specializations at two universities in Timisoara. It has an emphasis on identifying their attitudes towards the phenomenon, on the connotations associated with it, and on the possible impact of artificial intelligence on certain areas of the social life. Moreover, the present study reveals the students’ perceptions on the sustainability of these changes and developments, and therefore aims to reduce the possible negative impact on consumers, and at anticipate the changes that AI will produce in the future. In order to collect the data, the authors have used a quantitative research method. A questionnaire-based sociological survey was completed by 928 students, with a representation error of only ±3%. The analysis has shown that a great number of respondents have a positive attitude towards the emergence of AI, who believe it will influence society for the better. The results have also underscored underlying differences based on the respondents’ type of specialization (humanistic or technical), and their gender.
Black Hole Bounces on the Road to Quantum Gravity
Authors: Malafarina Daniele
Published: August 2018

Quantum resolutions of the space-time singularity at the end of gravitational collapse may provide hints towards the properties of a final theory of Quantum-Gravity. The mechanism by which the singularity is avoided and replaced by a bounce depends on the specific behaviour of gravity in the strong field and may have implications for the geometry of the space-time also in the weak field. In the last few decades, several scenarios for black hole bounces have been proposed and I shall argue that the times are now mature to ask the question of whether such bounces can be observed in astrophysical phenomena.
Quantifying Urban Surroundings Using Deep Learning Techniques: A New Proposal
Authors: Verma Deepank , Jana Arnab , Ramamritham Krithi
Published: August 2018

The assessments on human perception of urban spaces are essential for the management and upkeep of surroundings. A large part of the previous studies is dedicated towards the visual appreciation and judgement of various physical features present in the surroundings. Visual qualities of the environment stimulate feelings of safety, pleasure, and belongingness. Scaling such assessments to cover city boundaries necessitates the assistance of state-of-the-art computer vision techniques. We developed a mobile-based application to collect visual datasets in the form of street-level imagery with the help of volunteers. We further utilised the potential of deep learning-based image analysis techniques in gaining insights into such datasets. In addition, we explained our findings with the help of environment variables which are related to individual satisfaction and wellbeing.
Resistance Analysis of a 3-Day Monotherapy Study with Glecaprevir or Pibrentasvir in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection
Authors: Ng Teresa I. , Pilot-Matias Tami , Tripathi Rakesh , Schnell Gretja , Krishnan Preethi , Reisch Thomas , Beyer Jill , Dekhtyar Tatyana , Irvin Michelle , Lu Liangjun , Asatryan Armen , Campbell Andrew , Yao Betty , Lovell Sandra , Mensa Federico , Lawitz Eric J. , Kort Jens , Collins Christine
Published: August 2018

Glecaprevir (an NS3/4A protease inhibitor) and pibrentasvir (an NS5A inhibitor) are potent and pangenotypic hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct-acting antivirals. This report describes the baseline polymorphisms and treatment-emergent substitutions in NS3 or NS5A detected in samples from HCV genotype 1-infected patients receiving 3-day monotherapy of glecaprevir or pibrentasvir, respectively. None of the NS3 polymorphisms detected in the 47 baseline samples collected prior to glecaprevir monotherapy conferred reduced susceptibility to glecaprevir. The NS3 A156T substitution, which conferred resistance to glecaprevir but had low replication efficiency, emerged in one genotype 1a-infected patient among the 35 patients with available post-baseline sequence data. Baseline NS5A polymorphisms were detected in 12 of 40 patients prior to pibrentasvir monotherapy; most polymorphisms were single-position NS5A amino acid substitutions that did not confer resistance to pibrentasvir. Among the 19 patients with available post-baseline NS5A sequence data, 3 had treatment-emergent NS5A substitutions during pibrentasvir monotherapy. All treatment-emergent NS5A substitutions were linked multiple-position, almost exclusively double-position, substitutions that conferred resistance to pibrentasvir. Replicons engineered with these double-position substitutions had low replication efficiency. In conclusion, resistance-conferring substitutions emerged in a small number of genotype 1-infected patients during glecaprevir or pibrentasvir monotherapy; unlike other NS5A inhibitors, pibrentasvir did not select single-position NS5A substitutions during monotherapy.
Water Quality Prediction Method Based on IGRA and LSTM
Authors: Zhou Jian , Wang Yuanyuan , Xiao Fu , Wang Yunyun , Sun Lijuan
Published: August 2018

Water quality prediction has great significance for water environment protection. A water quality prediction method based on the Improved Grey Relational Analysis (IGRA) algorithm and a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, considering the multivariate correlation of water quality information, IGRA, in terms of similarity and proximity, is proposed to make feature selection for water quality information. Secondly, considering the time sequence of water quality information, the water quality prediction model based on LSTM, whose inputs are the features obtained by IGRA, is established. Finally, the proposed method is applied in two actual water quality datasets: Tai Lake and Victoria Bay. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can take full advantage of the multivariate correlations and time sequence of water quality information to achieve better performance on water quality prediction compared with the single feature or non-sequential prediction methods.
Considering Abrupt Change in Rainfall for Flood Season Division: A Case Study of the Zhangjia Zhuang Reservoir, Based on a New Model
Authors: Tang Li , Zhang Yongbo
Published: August 2018

The traditional flood season division method is cumbersome. In order to make the flood season division elaborate, the Mann–Kendall and cumulative sum of rank difference (CSD) methods were used to detect the abrupt change year of precipitation (p) over the study area from 1969 to 2015. The year of change was determined to be 1995. Taking the 1995 year as a demarcation point of the data, the discriminant model and Fisher optimal partition method were applied for flood division, and a comparison of the results from the two approaches were compared. The discriminant model was found to perform slightly better than the Fisher approach. It was found that abrupt rainfall change has a certain influence on flood season division. The main flood season in the Zhangjia Zhuang reservoir during 1969–2015 was 16 days longer than during 1996–2015, but three days shorter than between 1969–1995. For the Zhangjia Zhuang Reservoir, the flood water level limit can increase up to 2 m according to the results of the flood season division and designed rainfall after abrupt change; in addition, the water storage capacity is 469 million m³ more than that of the traditional reservoir operation mode.
La frontera como protagonista histórico Observaciones sobre la emigración y la resistencia políticas en la primera etapa de la Restauración (1875-1900)
Authors: González calleja Eduardo
Published: August 2018

Spanish-French borders, considered for a long time as firmly established, became in the last quarter of the 19th century the central issue in a bitter controversy between the governments of Madrid and Paris about control and repression of both the republican and carlist emigrations. These dissident groups, sharing a peculiar sub-culture of the Exile, conceived the border as the central element in their strategies of harassment to the Restored Monarchy, in which the occasional supports within the economic emigration, the sympathy of local public opinion and the degree of benevolence of French departmental and consular authorities played a significant role.
Una «mirada» sobre el Boletín de la U.I.E
Authors: Mancebo María fernanda
Published: August 2018

The objective of this article is to contribute to the recovery of the Culture of the Exile, using in this case the Boletín de la Union de Intelectuales [si es ese el nombre completo de la publicación]. After describing its main characteristics and collaborators, the paper focuses on the Boletin's political attitude : anti-francoist and anti-fascist, but non-partisan. Another important feature is the Boletin's denouncement of both francoist repression of the "internal Exile" and falangist control over Spanish education institutions, from primary schools to universities.
Hombres ávidos de bienestar... {PRIVE }Espacios, ciudades y migrantes en la estadística censal argentina, 1869-1914
Authors: Otero Hernan
Published: August 2018

En el trabajo se analiza el modo en que la estadística censal argentina de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX concibió el espacio nacional (segmentación administrativa y urbano-rural) y la manera en que midió e interpretó las migraciones del período.

Tomando cómo base los censos nacionales de población, se pasa revista a las migraciones internas, a la inmigración europea y a la emigración de argentinos, a través del análisis del doble registro de los censos : el lenguaje matricial y el discursivo.

Entre las principales conclusiones del trabajo se destacan la existencia de un patrón básico y constante en la forma de pensar el fenómeno migratorio ; la sobrestimación de la población urbana ; el predominio de una interpretación de la movilidad comandada casi exclusivamente por factores de atracción y la influencia teórica del liberalismo dominante en la élite intelectual argentina en la definición de un modelo de equilibrio macroestructural que permitió subsanar lagunas de información y favoreció una imagen "natural", " inevitable " y "armónica" del proceso migratorio. El abordaje utilizado permite detectar así las interpretaciones teóricas e ideológicas subyacentes en la interpretación oficial del Estado y las mutuas relaciones existentes entre las formas de medición empleadas y la interpretación del fenómeno migratorio.
Las asociaciones de inmigrantes españoles en América. Algunas respuestas a los desequilibrios y carencias de la emigración a ultramar
Authors: Llordén Miñambres Moisés
Published: August 2018

This article present a historical explanation for the different groups of Spanish immigrants in America, understanding this as a response to a lack of balance and other necessities in the emigration. For this discussion the author uses a systematic analysis of the in¬ tentions, achievements and special circumstances of the different kinds of associations. With this analytical framework as a reference point large process generates society-models : welfare society (charity or social service), mutual help, entertainment, education, districts for the protection of the home-town , etc. which came to have great social importance in Spanish communities and spread throughout Countries and territories from the old Spanish colonies in the American continent, with special effects is Argentine, Cuba and Brazil. Finally, this study is supported by extensive documental and bibliographic references.
Les paroisses d'outre-mer : Politique, leadership et associationnisme régional galicien à Buenos Aires et à La Havane (1890-1930)
Authors: Núñez Seixas Xosé M.
Published: August 2018

This article analyses the phenomenon of Galician mutual-aid associations in America, by focusing on the reproduction of espaces of social interaction which were brought by mirgants from Galicia to America. The development of an associative network fragmented in local and parochial societies must be explained in the light of the complementary interests of a selected leadership of economically successful migrants , as well as of another elite of journalists, politicians and émigrés from Galicia. That phenomenon was flanked by the parallel development of agrarian and political assocations in Galicia at the local level, which very often received financial support from overseas communities. This resulted in a mosaic of interaction between the communities of origin of the migrants and their associations in America, which contributed to modernise Galician politics during the first third of the 20th century.
La lente élaboration des politiques publiques en France, des premières vagues migratoires jusqu'aux années soixante
Authors: Quiminal Catherine
Published: August 2018

Ce texte se propose, à partir d'une étude diachronique des politiques migratoires en France, de mettre en évidence les différentes logiques qui y sont à l'œuvre. Il insiste sur le lien que ces politiques entretiennent avec les conjonctures économiques et idéologico-politiques. Existe-il une spécificité des politiques publiques françaises en la matière ou pour le dire autrement, un modèle français d'intégration et de gestion des flux ? Le principe d'égalité individuelle devant la loi, au delà des entorses qu'il a pu connaître, ne trouve-il pas ses limites devant les inégalités des chances propre à toute situation migratoire : discriminations, stigmatisations de fait ?
La política migratoria española entre la dictadura y la República (1923-1936) : Tutela y repatriación del emigrante español en América latina
Authors: Tab Añera Garcia Nuria
Published: August 2018

La legislación migratoria española introdujo con bastante retraso el reconocimiento a la libertad de emigración, caracterizándose hasta el período final de la llamada migración en masa por su naturaleza obstaculizadora y fiscalizadora del fenómeno migratorio. La nueva Ley de emigración de 1924, continuadora de la de 1907, supone la ampliación de la protección y la tutela estatal sobre el emigrante, extendiéndose no solo al viaje, sino a su permanencia en el extranjero y su viaje de retorno. La crisis de 1929 cambia la dirección del flujo migratorio. En España, la II República no aplicará restricciones a la salida y concentrará sus esfuerzos en la repatriación de los emigrantes perjudicados por la depresión.
La politique des pouvoirs publics français à l'égard des réfugiés espagnols, 1936-1940
Authors: Dreyfus-Armand Geneviève
Published: August 2018

La politique menée par les pouvoirs publics français à l'égard des réfugiés espagnols a été marquée tant par le contexte politico-économique dans lequel elle s'inscrivait que par l'ampleur et la répétition des vagues de réfugiés produites au cours de la Guerre civile espagnole ; enfin, par le caractère massif et soudain du grand exode de 1939, le plus important que la France ait jamais connu. Les nouvelles législations relatives aux étrangers ont fait que le droit d'asile a été accordé avec réticence aux réfugiés espagnols et que des camps d'internement ont rassemblé la majorité d'entre eux les premiers temps de leur exil.
La notion de réfugié au XXe siècle
Authors: Groppo Bruno
Published: August 2018

Au XXe siècle le problème des réfugiés est devenu, surtout à partie de la première guerre mondiale, un phénomène de masse et un problème international. La notion de réfugié, qui au XIXe siècle s'appliquait essentiellement aux réfugiés politiques, a elle aussi changé de nature et s'est considérablement élargie. Un statut international du réfugié a été élaboré à travers une série d'étapes, dont la plus importante a été la convention internationale de Génève de 1951.
Novedades en el conocimiento del género Symmorphus Wesmael, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) en la India, con dos primeras citas de especies
Authors: Kumar P. G. , Castro L. , Carpenter J. M. , Sheikh A. H.
Published: August 2018

Se citan de la India por primera vez dos especies del género Symmorphus Wesmael, 1836, Symmorphus (Symmorphus) alkimus alkimus Cumming & van der Vecht, 1986 y S. (S.) ambotretus Cumming, 1989. Se incluyen una clave para las especies indias del género y una lista actualizada de las especies de Symmorphus del subcontinente indio.
Le Grand Voile de Caroline Coppey, œuvre in situ
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis
Published: August 2018

À partir du Grand Voile de Caroline Coppey, installé de manière éphémère en 2014 à l’Hôtel-Dieu de Tonnerre, l’article développe des réflexions successivement éthiques, esthétiques et métaphysiques pour penser les différents rapports d’une œuvre à l’espace qu’elle vient occuper : espace muséal, espace hospitalier, espace de dévoilement. Dans ce texte de 2015, l’auteur parle encore d’œuvre in situ. C’est tout particulièrement sur l’œuvre décorative et son langage que l’accent est porté.
Architecture et musée : le passage chez Hubert Robert
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis
Published: August 2018

Alors que notre époque déteste les ruines, à moins de les faire entrer dans le patrimoine, une exposition récente du Louvre (été 2016) consacrée à Hubert Robert, met en exergue cet objet temporel par essence. Mais comme en outre, Hubert Robert a eu l’audace d’imaginer la Grande Galerie en ruines, alors qu’elle n’existait comme lieu d’exposition qu’à l’état de projet, on peut affirmer qu’il a fourni l’allégorie picturale d’une temporalité qui, ignorant le présent de l’actualité, celui de la causalité, ne considère que le passé et l’avenir. La temporalité muséale par excellence.
Transformer Isolated SCALDO Based High Current DC Power Supply
Authors: Ariyarathna Thilanga , Kularatna Nihal , Steyn-Ross D. Alistair
Published: August 2018

With increasing component count inside the microprocessor, computer has become a power hungry device and powering IT equipment is one of the largest operating expenses and challenge for data centre in USA. According to the data published by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), USA global data centres cloud power market is expanding at over 10 percent annually to reach 200 billion kilowatt-hour energy consumption by 2020. Reducing power loss by 1% inside a server power supplies could result in 2 billion kilowatt-hour energy saving.SCALDO is a patented technique developed by the power electronics research group, University of Waikato which improves the efficiency of low drop-out regulators. This technique can be used inside silver box power supplies to enhance the quality of the output power. Practically realising some SCALDO configuration is challenging due to its large switch count. Novel power converter topology presents in this paper helps SCALDO to be used efficiently inside silver box power supplies with electrical isolation and reduced number of switches.
Decoloured Novatein® and PLA Blends Compatibilized with Itaconic Anhydride
Authors: Izuchukwu Sandra , Verbeek Casparus J.R. , Bier James Micheal
Published: August 2018

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was modified through free radical grafting of itaconic anhydride to create reactive side-chain groups. Modified PLA was blended with Decoloured Novatein® (DNTP), a thermoplastic protein material using reactive extrusion to produce a degradable material with improved properties compared to neat Decoloured Novatein®. Varying ratios of blends were prepared. Blending DNTP with PLA was found to increase tensile strength between 22% to 538% and modulus between 201 GPa to 3193 GPa, whereas the strain at break decreased between 80% to 94% depending on the blend ratio. The glass transition temperature of the blends which was measured as the tan δ peak, also revealed an increase when compared to neat DNTP. Scanning electron microscope revealed an enhanced interfacial adhesion between the two phases in the blends with PLA-g-IA suggesting a more homogenous microstructure. The results show the possibility and feasibility of blending DNTP with PLA for use in agricultural and packaging applications.
Comparison of Spherical and Non-Spherical Objects in Cyclonic and Uniaxial Flow Regimes
Authors: Archbold Thomas , Carson James K.
Published: August 2018

This paper uses the Muschelknautz method to model the cyclone separation of chestnut shell and kernel fragments simulated as a square plate and sphere respectively. Because of the opposing geometry of the kernel and shell particles, a new framework is derived using CFD simulations to predict the drag coefficient of the shell particle as a function of orientation and Reynolds number. The drag coefficient of the shell is approximately proportional to the sine of the orientation angle, squared. Despite this, particle orientation remains relatively constant for all practical geometric and velocity parameters within a cyclone, as implied by the assumptions used in this paper. The results from the separation model show that the tangential velocity is almost 86 times greater than the radial velocity of the particle beneath the vortex finder. Consequently, the full frontal area of the particle is not exposed to the radial flow and the particles are not separated effectively by drag force. An experimental separation efficiency of 28.5% compared to an efficiency of 0% predicted by classical cyclone theory, indicates that the shell particles could be re-entrained at the base of the cyclone. This suggests that cyclones do not utilise the differences in drag between particles. The simulation of chestnut kernel and shell particles in a uniaxial flow field (such as occurs in pneumatic separation) shows that it is theoretically possible to achieve a significantly larger separation efficiency when compared to cyclones.
A survey of early and advanced gastric cancer treatment by surgeons in Thailand
Authors: Mahawongkajit Prasit , Tomtitchong Prakitpunthu
Published: August 2018

This study shows the first survey of patterns about surgeons’ approaches and current practices in early and advanced gastric cancer in Thailand. Gastric cancer is a significant health problem worldwide. International guidelines for treatment differ in their recommendations including the accompanying therapy, but the condition is potentially curable. Surgeons have played an important role in Thailand but the limitation of institutional resources and the practices for gastric cancer vary between treatment options. The aim of this study is to investigate the current practices and approaches of Thai surgeons in relation to early and advanced gastric cancer treatment. A survey was conducted on 112 surgeons who claimed to have performed clinical practice upon gastric cancer patients. Information was collected on participant demographic data, the practices approaches in early and advanced stage without metastasis and the preferable adjuvant chemotherapy. The majority of participants were 100 general surgeons (89.4%). The preferred early gastric cancer treatment proved to be endoscopic resection 83.9%, cT1bN0 group preferred laparoscopic surgery 75.9%, cT2-T4aN0 group preferred open surgery 67.8%, cT4bN0 group preferred open surgery with En bloc resection 85.7% and cN+ group preferred open surgery 70.5%. For adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy, the study showed the surgeons who prescribed and treated by themselves was 41.9%. The preferred adjuvant regimens were S-1 50.9% and capecitabine and oxaliplatin 31.3%. This study is the first survey of the patterns of surgeons’ approaches and current practices in early and advanced gastric cancer in Thailand.