bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of oligomer from 1‐decene catalyzed by AlCl3/TiCl4/SiO2/Et2AlCl
Authors: Huang Qigu , Chen Liguo , Sheng Yaping , Ma Li , Fu Zhifeng , Yang Wantai
Published: April 2006

Oligomer of 1‐decene was synthesized with Ziegler‐Natta catalyst consisting of TiCl4, AlCl3, Et2AlCl, and SiO2 used as support. The effects of temperature, time, ratio of Al/Ti, and concentration of Ti on oligomerization behaviors were investigated. The results showed that the catalyst system was desirable for oligomerization of 1‐decene with good catalytic activity, 153.4 kg oligomer/mol Ti h, under typical conditions. The oligomer obtained was characterized with GC–MS, GC, and 13C NMR methods. The results indicated that the oligomer was of a mixture consisting of di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, and pentamer. The 13C NMR data also implied that chain propagation of this oligomer involved primarily head‐to‐tail 1, 2‐insertions, as well as head‐to‐head and tail‐to‐tail 2, 1‐insertions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 584–590, 2006
Poly(Li‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐co‐poly(4‐vinyl pyridine): Molar mass effects on strong electrorheological response
Authors: Yilmaz Hasim , Unal Halil Ibrahim
Published: April 2006

Electrorheological (ER) fluids display remarkable rheological behavior, being able to convert rapidly and repeatedly from a fluid to a solid‐like when an external electric field (E) is applied or removed. In this study, electrical and ER properties of poly(Li‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐co‐poly(4‐vinyl pyridine), poly(Li‐HEMA)‐co‐poly(4‐VP), copolymeric salts (ionomers) were investigated. For this purpose six ionomers were synthesized with different molar masses. They were then ground‐milled for a few hours to obtain micron size ionomers. The particle sizes of the ionomers were determined by dynamic light scattering. Suspensions of ionomers were prepared in silicone oil (SO), at a series of concentrations (c = 5–30%, m/m). The gravitational stability of suspensions against sedimentation was determined at constant temperature (T = 25°C). Flow times of the suspensions were measured under no electric field (E = 0 kV/mm), and under an external applied electric field (E ≠ 0 kV/mm) strengths and a strong ER activities were observed for all the poly(Li‐HEMA)‐co‐poly(4‐VP)/SO suspensions. Further, the effects of suspension concentration, mole ratios of poly(HEMA) and poly(4‐VP), and the overall molar mass of the copolymers, shear rate, electric field strength, frequency, promoter, and temperature onto ER activities of ionomer suspensions were investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1065–1074, 2006
Achieving miscible ternary polymer blends with hydrogen bonding
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Ping
Published: April 2006

Poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh) has previously been found to be successful in making immiscible poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) miscible. Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) with one more methyl group than PMMA is also immiscible with PVAc. PEMA and PVAc are miscible with PVPh according to the literature. To determine whether PVPh can also cosolubilize PEMA/PVAc, PVPh samples of two different molecular weights have been mixed in this study with PEMA and PVAc to produce a ternary blend. On the basis of the calorimetry data, the ternary PEMA/PVAc/PVPh blend, regardless of the molecular weight of PVPh, has been determined to be miscible. The reason for the observed miscibility is probably that the interactions between PVAc and PVPh are similar in magnitude to those between PEMA and PVPh. A modified Kwei equation based on the binary interaction parameters proposed previously is used to describe the experimental glass‐transition temperature of the miscible ternary blend almost quantitatively well. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 643–652, 2006
Effect of pH on the properties of barium titanate slurries with an aniomic dispersant
Authors: Wu Hsin‐Hsuan , Hsu Kung‐Chung
Published: April 2006

The colloidal stability of barium titanate (BT) aqueous suspensions with poly(acrylamide/4‐carboxylamino‐4‐oxo‐2‐butenate) (PAAM/COB) at pH 7, 9, and 12 has been investigated by means of ζ potential, adsorption, sedimentation, and particle size measurements. The isoelectric point of BT powder is at pH 4.6 and the value of ζ potential decreases as the pH of suspensions increases. The adsorption of PAAM/COB onto BT particles follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The saturated amount of adsorbed polymer decreases with increasing pH. In general, BT particles in basic solutions with PAAM/COB are more stabilized, and less agglomerated than those without any dispersant present. As pH is increased, the resulting ζ potential becomes more negative, although lower polymer concentration is required for monolayer coverage of particle surface. Consequently, the resulting suspensions become more stabilized, and contain powder with smaller particle size. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1082–1088, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of polypropylene reinforced with cellulose I and II fibers
Authors: Borja Yara , Rieß Gisbert , Lederer Klaus
Published: April 2006

Recently, cellulose fiber–thermoplastic composites have played an important role in some applications. Plastics reinforced with cellulose and natural fibers have been widely studied. However, composites with regenerated cellulose have rarely been investigated. In this study, the lyocell fiber of Lenzing AG (cellulose II) and its raw material a bleached hardwood pulp (cellulose I) were used as reinforcement materials. The mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with pulp and lyocell fibers were characterized and compared with regard to the content of the fiber and the addition of maleated polypropylene (MAPP). PPs with cellulose I or II as a reinforcement material had similar mechanical properties. However, when MAPP was used as coupling agent, the mechanical properties of the composites were different. The crystallinity of the composites were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Cellulose I (pulp) promoted the crystallization of PP, whereas cellulose II did not. MAPP reduced this effect in cellulose I fibers, but it induced crystallization when cellulose II (lyocell) was used as a reinforcement material. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 364–369, 2006
Atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated with a macroinitiator of poly(vinyl acetate)
Authors: Li Hong , Zhang Yong Ming , Liu Yan Gang
Published: April 2006

Well‐defined poly(vinyl acetate‐b‐methyl methacrylate) block copolymers were successfully synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in p‐xylene with CuBr as a catalyst, 2,2′‐bipyridine as a ligand, and trichloromethyl‐end‐grouped poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc–CCl3) as a macroinitiator that was prepared via the telomerization of vinyl acetate with chloroform as a telogen. The block copolymers were characterized with gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, and 1H‐NMR. The effects of the solvent and temperature on ATRP of MMA were studied. The control over a large range of molecular weights was investigated with a high [MMA]/[PVAc–CCl3] ratio for potential industry applications. In addition, the mechanism of the polymerization was discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1089–1094, 2006
Analysis of the structure and properties of polyimidoamide nanocomposite fibers containing variously modified montmorillonite
Authors: Mikołajczyk Teresa , Olejnik Magdalena
Published: April 2006

The effect of fiber‐forming conditions on the porous structure, moisture absorption, and strength of polyimidoamide nanocomposite fibers containing montmorillonite modifiers with aminododecane acid has been assessed. It has been found that the final properties of the fibers under consideration depend not only on the parameters of the fiber forming process, but also on the type of modifier used to change the MMT properties from hydrophilic to organophylic. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1103–1108, 2006
Structure of silk fibroin fibers made by an electrospinning process from a silk fibroin aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Hong , Shao Huili , Hu Xuechao
Published: April 2006

In this article, the electrospun silk fibroin (SF) fibers with an average diameter of 700 nm were prepared from a concentrated aqueous solution with an electrospinning technique. The morphology, conformation, and crystalline structure of the SF fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, respectively. The structure and morphology of the fibers were strongly influenced by the solution concentration and the processing voltage. In addition, the fiber formation parameters, including spinning velocity, elongation rate, and draw ratio, were also calculated. A kind of SF fiber with a structure between an amorphous film and a natural silk was found. We suggest that the high draw ratio was not the only factor in the transformation of SF from random‐coil and α‐helix conformations to a β‐sheet conformation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 961–968, 2006
Catalytic activity of polymer–montmorillonite composites in chemical reactions
Authors: Akelah A. , Rehab A. , Kenawy E.‐R. , Abou Zeid M. S.
Published: April 2006

Polymer–clay composite material has been prepared by intercalation of polymeric ammonium salt onto the montmorillonite (Na–MMT) followed by grafted polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate onto amine‐terminated poly(butadiene‐co‐acrylonitrile)–montmorillonite (ATBN–MMT) intercalate. The hydroxyl groups were modified to chloromethyl groups followed by conversion to onium salts, which are suitable as phase transfer catalysis. The catalytic activities of the supported catalysts were investigated in nucleophilic reactions of thiocyanate and cyanate ions with alkyl and aryl halides. The rates of the reactions have been investigated under different factors such as the nature and structure of the support, the amount of catalyst, the solvent, and the temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1121–1129, 2006
Young modulus and degree of crystallization of highly‐elongated polyoxymethylene
Authors: Takasa Kenji , Miyashita Norikazu , Takeda Kunihiko
Published: April 2006

The physical structure of polyoxymethylene (POM) drawn into two steps by a press and a simultaneous biaxial drawing machine was studied and the drawing dependency on the degree of the crystallization, the orientation, and the modulus were analyzed. The stretching ratio by the press reached 6.0 and the tensile modulus of elasticity increased from 2.5 to 4.5 GPa. However, the degree of crystallization decreased slightly. The rupture elongation increased in the lower drawing region and it peaked when the drawing ratio was 1.7. The film stretched by 2 times was drawn by the biaxial drawing machine. The high tensile modulus of elasticity was obtained and the maximum value was 11.5 GPa at 14 times of the drawing ratio. The lamella structure of POM was supposed to loosen and become oriented to the drawing axis ambiguously by the first drawing. The lamella was highly oriented by the second stretching procedure. The tensile strength and the elongation as well as the modulus were analyzed as a function of the degree of the stretching and the crystallization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1223–1227, 2006
Information use as gap‐bridging: The viewpoint of sense‐making methodology
Authors: Savolainen Reijo
Published: April 2006

The conceptual issues of information use are discussed by reviewing the major ideas of sense‐making methodology developed by Brenda Dervin. Sense‐making methodology approaches the phenomena of information use by drawing on the metaphor of gap‐bridging. The nature of this metaphor is explored by utilizing the ideas of metaphor analysis suggested by Lakoff and Johnson. First, the source domain of the metaphor is characterized by utilizing the graphical illustrations of sense‐making metaphors. Second, the target domain of the metaphor is analyzed by scrutinizing Dervin's key writings on information seeking and use. The metaphor of gap‐bridging does not suggest a substantive conception of information use; the metaphor gives methodological and heuristic guidance to posit contextual questions as to how people interpret information to make sense of it. Specifically, these questions focus on the ways in which cognitive, affective, and other elements useful for the sense‐making process are constructed and shaped to bridge the gap. Ultimately, the key question of information use studies is how people design information in context.
Modification of the membrane‐bound glucose oxidation system in Gluconobacter oxydans significantly increases gluconate and 5‐keto‐D‐gluconic acid accumulation
Authors: Merfort Marcel , Herrmann Ute , Ha Seung‐Wook , Elfari Mustafa , Bringer‐Meyer Stephanie , Görisch Helmut , Sahm Hermann
Published: April 2006

Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 2343 (ATCC 621H)catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and subsequently to 5‐keto‐D‐gluconic acid (5‐KGA), a precursor of the industrially important L‐(+)‐tartaric acid. To further increase 5‐KGA production in G. oxydans, the mutant strain MF1 was used. In this strain the membrane‐bound gluconate‐2‐dehydrogenase activity, responsible for formation of the undesired by‐product 2‐keto‐D‐gluconic acid, is disrupted. Therefore, high amounts of 5‐KGA accumulate in the culture medium. G. oxydans MF1 was equipped with plasmids allowing the overexpression of the membrane‐bound enzymes involved in 5‐KGA formation. Overexpression was confirmed on the transcript and enzymatic level. Furthermore, the resulting strains overproducing the membrane‐bound glucose dehydrogenase showed an increased gluconic acid formation, whereas the overproduction of gluconate‐5‐dehydrogenase resulted in an increase in 5‐KGA of up to 230 mM. Therefore, these newly developed recombinant strains provide a basis for further improving the biotransformation process for 5‐KGA production.
Surface antibacterial characteristics of plasma‐modified polyethylene
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chu Paul K. , Ji Junhui , Zhang Yihe , Ng Shuk Ching , Yan Qing
Published: April 2006

The antibacterial characteristics of triclosan‐ or bronopol‐coated and plasma‐modified polyethylene (PE) are investigated. The modified PE samples exhibit excellent bactericidal effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus even when the bacteria concentration in the suspension is 106 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. However, when the concentration exceeds 108 CFU/mL, the materials fail to develop noticeable resistance to large amount of bacteria because of the formation of a bacterial biofilm on their surfaces. The PE treated by this relatively simple technique possesses excellent antimicrobial properties and is useful in biomedical and disinfection applications because the bacteria concentrations in most situations are well below 106 CFU/mL. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 62–68, 2006

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
BaSm5[Si9Al3N20]O — A Nitridoaluminosilicate Oxide with a New Structure Type Composed of “Star‐Shaped” [N[4]((Si,Al)N3)4] Units as Secondary Building Units.
Authors: Lieb Alexandra , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a New Phosphor Based on Rare Earth Oxycarbonate.
Authors: Koyabu Kazuhiko , Masui Toshiyuki , Tamura Shinji , Imanaka Nobuhito
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of MnIII and CuII Tetranuclear Azido Polyoxometalate Complexes: Multifrequency High‐Field EPR Spectroscopy of Cu4 Clusters with S=1 and S=2 Ground States.
Authors: Mialane Pierre , Duboc Carole , Marrot Jerome , Riviere Eric , Dolbecq Anne , Secheresse Francis
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Application of Axially Dissymmetric Ligand Recoverable with Fluorous Solvent as a Chiral Auxiliary.
Authors: Omote Masaaki , Nishimura Yuji , Sato Kazuyuki , Ando Akira , Kumadaki Itsumaro
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Vicinal Halohydrins via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Ros Abel , Magriz Antonio , Dietrich Hansjoerg , Fernandez Rosario , Alvarez Elauterio , Lassaletta Jose M.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel C2‐Symmetric 1,1′‐Disubstituted Ferrocenyl Aziridino Alcohol Ligands: Remarkable Improvement of Enantioselectivity in the Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Wang Min‐Can , Hou Xue‐Hui , Xu Cui‐Lian , Liu Lan‐Tao , Li Gui‐Lan , Wang De‐Kun
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Aliphatic Fluorination by Halogen Exchange in Mild Conditions.
Authors: Saint‐Jalmes Laurent
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Versatile Synthesis of N,S‐Heterocycles Containing the Antipyrine Moiety.
Authors: Abdel‐Latif E.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of 1,2‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)cycloalkenes with the Diethyl Acetals of Aldehydes.
Authors: Gao Fuye , Burnell D. Jean
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heck Reaction of Aryl Bromides with Pent‐4‐en‐2‐ol, 2‐Phenylpent‐4‐en‐2‐ol, or Hept‐6‐en‐3‐ol Catalyzed by a Palladium—Tetraphosphine Complex.
Authors: Berthiol Florian , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
L‐Proline Amide Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes with Chloroacetone.
Authors: He Long , Tang Zhuo , Cun Lin‐Feng , Mi Ai‐Qiao , Jiang Yao‐Zhong , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrophilic Oxygenation with XeF2—H2O in Hydrogen Fluoride. Part 3. The Formation of Oxygen‐Containing Perfluorocyclohexadien‐1‐yliodine Tetrafluorides.
Authors: Frohn Hermann‐Josef , Bardin Vadim V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Visible Light Induced “On Water” Benzylic Bromination with N‐Bromosuccinimide.
Authors: Podgorsek Ajda , Stavber Stojan , Zupan Marko , Iskra Jernej
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bifunctional‐Thiourea‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective aza‐Henry Reaction.
Authors: Xu Xuenong , Furukawa Tomihiro , Okino Tomotaka , Miyabe Hideto , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Azo Compounds.
Authors: Kisseljova Ksenija , Tsubrik Olga , Sillard Rannar , Maeeorg Sirje , Maeeorg Uno
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sequential Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allene Diboration/α‐Aminoallylation.
Authors: Sieber Joshua D. , Morken James P.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Enhanced Cross‐Coupling Reactions Involving Alkenyl‐ and Alkynyltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Kabalka George W. , Al‐Masum Mohammad , Mereddy Arjun R. , Dadush Eric
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Light Harvesting Tetrafullerene Nanoarray for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Atienza Carmen M. , Fernandez Gustavo , Sanchez Luis , Martin Nazario , Sa Dantas Ines , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen Rene A. J. , Aminur Rahman G. M. , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aqueous N‐Heterocyclization of Primary Amines and Hydrazines with Dihalides: Microwave‐Assisted Syntheses of N‐Azacycloalkanes, Isoindole, Pyrazole, Pyrazolidine, and Phthalazine Derivatives.
Authors: Ju Yuhong , Varma Rajender S.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Synthesis of 3‐Arylpyrrolines.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Pai Chun‐Li , Kung Yung‐Hua
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pyrrolate‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Pyrrole to Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Richardson Robert D. , Hernandez‐Juan Felix A. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Two‐Step Synthesis of 3‐Allylindoles
Authors: Kulkarni Mukund G. , Davawala Saryu I. , Dhondge Attrimuni P. , Gaikwad Dnyaneshwar D. , Borhade Ajit S. , Chavhan Sanjay W.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Synthesis of Substituted 9b,9c‐Dihydro‐5‐oxa‐2‐azacyclopenta[2,3]cyclopropa [1,2‐a]naphthalene‐1,3,4‐triones According to a Modified Reformatsky Reaction.
Authors: Shchepin V. V. , Silaychev P. S. , Stepanyan Yu. G.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel 2‐Aminoimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines, Including the Thieno Analogue of the Cooked‐Food Mutagen IFP.
Authors: Bjoerk Malin , Grivas Spiros
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of Stille‐Type Cross‐Coupling as a Route to Oligopyridylimines.
Authors: Champouret Yohan D. M. , Chaggar Rajinder K. , Dadhiwala Ishaq , Fawcett John , Solan Gregory A.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Racemic and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aryl and Heteroaryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines via the Pictet—Spengler Reaction.
Authors: Aubry Sylvain , Pellet‐Rostaing Stephane , Faure Rene , Lemaire Marc
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐5‐oxo‐1H,4H‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline and 4‐Aryl‐5‐oxo‐1H‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrocyclopenteno[b]pyridine Derivatives by Ultrasound Irradiation and by Conventional Methods.
Authors: Thirumalai D. , Murugan P. , Ramakrishnan V. T.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3,4‐Vinylenedioxythiophene (VDOT): A New Building Block for Thiophene‐Based π‐Conjugated Systems.
Authors: Leriche Philippe , Blanchard Philippe , Frere Pierre , Levillain Eric , Mabon Gilles , Roncali Jean
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First Example of Synthesis of Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6‐carbaldehydes by Oxidation of Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐6‐yl Methanols with Molecular Iodine.
Authors: Tumkevicius S. , Navickas V. , Dailide M.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Chloroacetyl 1‐Aminoalkyl Phosphonates — Precursors of 4‐Phosphono‐β‐lactams.
Authors: Moonen Kristof , Stevens Christian V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of 5‐Acyl‐2‐amino‐1,3‐selenazoles by the Reaction of Selenazadienes with α‐Haloketone.
Authors: Koketsu Mamoru , Kogami Masakazu , Ando Hiromune , Ishihara Hideharu
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Practical Synthesis of Germylalkoxydienes, Acylgermanes and Ethynylgermanes from α,β‐Unsaturated and α‐Phenyl Acetals.
Authors: Allasia Sara , Deagostino Annamaria , Prandi Cristina , Zavattaro Chiara , Venturello Paolo
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Androstenediol Analogues as ER‐β‐Selective SERMs.
Authors: Blizzard Timothy A. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Poly‐N‐methylated α‐Peptides: Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure Determination of β‐Strand Forming Foldamers
Authors: Zhang Suode , Prabpai Samran , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Arvidsson Per I.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist Radioligand for PET Studies.
Authors: Ding Yu‐Shin , Kil Kun‐eek , Lin Kuo‐Shyan , Ma Wei , Yokota Yasuno , Carroll Ivy F.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Study for Two 2H‐Chromenic Acids, 8‐Chlorocannabiorcichromenic Acid and Mycochromenic Acid.
Authors: Yamaguchi Seiji , Nedachi Masahiro , Maekawa Mikiko , Murayama Yohei , Miyazawa Masahiro , Hirai Yoshiro
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aplysamine‐1 and Related Analogues as Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Swanson Devin M. , Wilson Sandy J. , Boggs Jamin D. , Xiao Wei , Apodaca Richard , Barbier Ann J. , Lovenberg Timothy W. , Carruthers Nicholas I.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isolation, Structure Elucidation, Antioxidative and Immunomodulatory Properties of Two Novel Dihydrocoumarins from Aloe vera.
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐feng , Wang Hong‐mei , Song Yuan‐li , Nie Li‐hua , Wang Lan‐fen , Liu Bin , Shen Ping‐ping , Liu Yang
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Discovery of a Potent and Selective Lethal Factor Inhibitor for Adjunct Therapy of Anthrax Infection.
Authors: Xiong Yusheng , et al. et al.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inhibition of DNA Helicases with DNA‐Competitive Inhibitors.
Authors: Dubaele Sandy , Jahnke Wolfgang , Schoepfer Joseph , Fuchs Jean , Chene Patrick
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enhanced FTase Activity Achieved via Piperazine Interaction with Catalytic Zinc.
Authors: Njoroge F. George , Vibulbhan Bancha , Pinto Patrick , Strickland Corey , Bishop W. Robert , Nomeir Amin , Girijavallabhan Vivyoor
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 2‐Alkoxydihydrocinnamates as PPAR Agonists.
Authors: Lu Ying , Guo Zongru , Guo Yanshen , Feng Jun , Chu Fengming
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrophilic Fluorination of Organosilanes
Authors: Tredwell Matthew , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Towards Reaction Selectivities of Imines and Aziridines
Authors: Hou Xue Long , Wu Jie , Fan Ren Hua , Ding Chang Hua , Luo Zhi Bin , Dai Li Xin
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Natural Products from Marine Organisms and Their Associated Microbes
Authors: Koenig Gabriele M. , Kehraus Stefan , Seibert Simon F. , Abdel‐Lateff Ahmed , Mueller Daniela
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Diversity of Host—Guest and Intercalation Complexes of Fullerene C60
Authors: Makha Mohamed , Purich Ariaan , Raston Colin L. , Sobolev Alexandre N.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Polymer‐Supported Chiral 1,2‐Diamines and Their Application to Asymmetric Reaction
Authors: Itsuno Shinichi , Haraguchi Naoki , Takahashi Miyuki
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Calorimetric Investigation of Phase Transitions Occurring in Molecular‐Based Magnets
Authors: Sorai Michio , Nakano Motohiro , Miyazaki Yuji
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Prokaryotic Nucleotide Excision Repair: The UvrABC System
Authors: Truglio James J. , Croteau Deborah L. , Van Houten Bennett , Kisker Caroline
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
π‐Conjugated Systems: Can Phosphole Offer More than Pyrrole?
Authors: Hissler Muriel , Lescop Christophe , Reau Regis
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
X‐Ray Scattering of Non‐Crystalline Biological Systems Using Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Koch Michel H. J.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Femtosecond Dynamics on 2‐(2′‐Hydroxy‐4′‐diethylaminophenyl)benzothiazole: Solvent Polarity in the Excited‐State Proton Transfer
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Ming , Pu Shih‐Chieh , Hsu Chia‐Jung , Lai Chin‐Hung , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: April 2006

Detailed insights into the excited‐state enol(N*)–keto(T*) intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction in 2‐(2′‐hydroxy‐4′‐diethylaminophenyl)benzothiazole (HABT) have been investigated via steady‐state and femtosecond fluorescence upconversion approaches. In cyclohexane, in contrast to the ultrafast rate of ESIPT for the parent 2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (>2.9±0.3×1013 s−1), HABT undergoes a relatively slow rate (≈5.4±0.5×1011 s−1) of ESIPT. In polar aprotic solvents competitive rate of proton transfer and rate of solvent relaxation were resolved in the early dynamics. After reaching the solvation equilibrium in the normal excited state (Neq*), ESIPT takes place with an appreciable barrier. The results also show Neq*(enol)↔Teq*(keto) equilibrium, which shifts toward Neq* as the solvent polarity increases. Temperature‐dependent relaxation dynamics further resolved a solvent‐induced barrier of 2.12 kcal mol−1 for the forward reaction in CH2Cl2. The observed spectroscopy and dynamics are rationalized by a significant difference in dipole moment between Neq* and Teq*, while the dipolar vector for the enol form in the ground state (N) is in between that of Neq* and Teq*. Upon N→N* Franck–Condon excitation, ESIPT is energetically favorable, and its rate is competitive with the solvation relaxation process. Upon reaching equilibrium configurations Neq* and Teq*, forward and/or backward ESIPT takes place with an appreciable solvent polarity induced barrier due to differences in polarization equilibrium between Neq* and Teq*.
Calculation of the cosmogenic nuclide production topographic shielding scaling factor for large areas using DEMs
Authors: Codilean Alexandru T.
Published: April 2006

The recent surge of applications using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCNs) to calculate catchment‐averaged erosion rates from isotopic concentrations in fluvial sediment, and the prospect of coupling TCN production functions with numerical surface process models (SPMs), necessitate a fast and accurate algorithm for the calculation of topographic shielding. Topographic shielding refers to the proportion of the incoming cosmic radiation that is shielded by the surrounding topography, the scaling factor being defined as the ratio of the unshielded (total minus shielded) to the total (or maximum) cosmic ray flux (i.e. the flux received by a horizontal, unobstructed surface). Topography contributes to the reduction of TCN production by obstructing a certain proportion of the incoming flux and by modifying the angle of incidence. Available algorithms calculate the proportion of obstructed radiation by dividing the horizon as seen by the sample (a grid cell in the case of a DEM), into arc segments (usually of equal length) for which the average obstruction heights expressed as zenith angles are calculated. The use of these methods is feasible only when dealing with a small number of isolated samples, since the identification of obstructions when dealing with an entire area is computationally very intensive. This paper describes a method that uses a relief shadow modelling technique to identify those areas of a DEM that are under shadow (i.e. shielded), and thus to account for the obstructed radiation. This method produces results that are very similar to those obtained using a direct implementation of available methods (maximum difference between results of c. 0·1). The method based on relief shadow modelling is also faster than a direct implementation of any available method and can be readily implemented in any GIS system with raster capabilities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimulating the quality of university teaching in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Verhesschen Piet
Published: April 2006

For Flanders, the Bologna declaration has launched an innovation process carrying unprecedented challenges for higher education.
Evaluation of bone regeneration by DNA release from composites of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) and cationized gelatin microspheres in a critical‐sized calvarial defect
Authors: Kasper F. Kurtis , Young Simon , Tanahashi Kazuhiro , Barry Michael A. , Tabata Yasuhiko , Jansen John A. , Mikos Antonios G.
Published: April 2006

This research examines the bone formation response to release of plasmid DNA encoding human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 from hydrogel composites consisting of cationized gelatin microspheres (CGMS) embedded within a crosslinked oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) hydrogel network in a critical‐sized rat cranial defect model after 30 days. Four composite groups were investigated: (1) composites with 10 μg DNA loaded into the CGMS phase, (2) composites with 10 μg DNA loaded into the OPF phase, (3) composites with 100 μg DNA loaded into the OPF phase, and (4) composites without DNA (material control). Light microscopy revealed no enhancement in bone formation for groups releasing plasmid DNA, relative to the material control group. Limited formation of new bone was observed from the defect margins and within the defect for some samples. The hydrogels swelled appreciably and fragmentation of the implants was noted to varying degrees among samples within groups, with a presence of inflammatory cells related to the degree of fragmentation. The lack of enhancement in bone formation indicates that the release of plasmid DNA from the composites was not sufficient to elicit a bone regeneration response. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
ARC protects rat cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress through inhibition of caspase‐2 mediated mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Qiang , Herman Brian
Published: April 2006

Apoptosis repressor with a CARD domain (ARC) has been demonstrated to protect heart cells against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which ARC protects heart cells against oxidative stress. We monitored the extent of apoptosis and activity of multiple components of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in rat cardiac myoblast cell line H9c2 with either reduced or increased expression of ARC during oxidative stress. Overexpression of ARC‐inhibited oxidative stress‐induced caspase‐2/3 activation, cytochrome c release, and translocation of Bax to mitochondria. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ARC at threonine 149 was found to be critical to its function. ARC containing a T149A mutation failed to translocate to mitochondria, did not inhibit caspase‐2 activation, and had a dominant negative effect against the protective effect of endogenous ARC during oxidative stress. In addition, wild‐type ARC but not the T149A mutant inhibited cell death induced by overexpression of caspase‐2. Using a yeast two‐hybrid (YTH) screening approach and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP), we found that protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) interacted with ARC and that PP2C mediated‐dephosphorylation of ARC inhibited its anti‐apoptotic activity. Eliminating either the N‐terminal CARD domain or the C‐terminal P/E domain also abolished the anti‐apoptotic function of ARC, suggesting that full‐length ARC is required for its apoptotic inhibition. These results indicate that ARC plays an important role in protection of H9c2 cells against oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis by phosphorylation‐dependent suppression of the mitochondria‐mediated intrinsic pathway, partially initiated through the activation of caspase‐2. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 575–588, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 as a signaling molecule in radiation‐induced bystander effect
Authors: Hei Tom K.
Published: April 2006

Radiation‐induced bystander effect represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the radiobiological effects of ionizing radiation in that extranuclear and extracellular effects may also contribute to the final biological consequences of exposure to low doses of radiation. Evidence suggests that targeted cytoplasmic irradiation results in mutation in the nucleus of the “hit” cells and that cells, which are not directly hit by an alpha particle, whether nuclear or cytoplasm, but are in the vicinity of one that does get hit, contribute to the genotoxic response of the cell population. Although radiation‐induced bystander effects have been well documented in a variety of biological systems, the mechanism is not known. Using the Columbia University charged particle beam in conjunction with a novel strip dish design, we showed recently that the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) signaling cascade plays an essential role in the bystander process. Treatment of bystander cells with NS‐398, which suppresses COX‐2 activity, significantly reduced the bystander effect as well as the induction of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. These results provided the first evidence that the COX‐2‐related pathway, which is essential in mediating cellular inflammatory responses, is the critical signaling link for the bystander phenomenon. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the bystander phenomenon together with evidence of their occurrence in vivo will allow us to formulate a more accurate model in assessing the health effects of low doses of ionizing radiation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous control of the stereospecificity and molecular weight in the ruthenium‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of methyl and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylates and sequential synthesis of stereoblock polymers
Authors: Shibata Takuya , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami , Okamoto Yoshio
Published: April 2006

The stereospecific living radical polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were achieved with a combination of ruthenium‐catalyzed living radical and solvent‐mediated stereospecific radical polymerizations. Among a series of ruthenium complexes [RuCl2(PPh3)3, Ru(Ind)Cl(PPh3)2, and RuCp*Cl(PPh3)2], Cp*–ruthenium afforded poly(methyl methacrylate) with highly controlled molecular weights [weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight (Mw/Mn) = 1.08] and high syndiotacticity (r = 88%) in a fluoroalcohol such as (CF3)2C(Ph)OH at 0 °C. On the other hand, a hydroxy‐functionalized monomer, HEMA, was polymerized with RuCp*Cl(PPh3)2 in N,N‐dimethylformamide and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) to give syndiotactic polymers (r = 87–88%) with controlled molecular weights (Mw/Mn = 1.12–1.16). This was the first example of the syndiospecific living radical polymerization of HEMA. A fluoroalcohol [(CF3)2C(Ph)OH], which induced the syndiospecific radical polymerization of MMA, reduced the syndiospecificity in the HEMA polymerization to result in more or less atactic polymers (mm/mr/rr = 7.2/40.9/51.9%) with controlled molecular weights in the presence of RuCp*Cl(PPh3)2 at 80 °C. A successive living radical polymerization of HEMA in two solvents, first DMA followed by (CF3)2C(Ph)OH, resulted in stereoblock poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with syndiotactic–atactic segments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3609–3615, 2006