bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbially-enhanced silicate weathering in agricultural soils to remove carbon dioxide
Authors: Fuenzalida-Meriz Gonzalo , Timmermann-Aranis Tania , Wemmer Kimberly , Yip Christopher , Yang Yun-Ya , Chowdhury Anupam , Dores Daniel , Takayama Taichi , Nademanee Sharon , Traag Bjorn , Zamanian Kazem , Gonzalez Bernardo , Breecker Daniel O , Fierer Noah , Slessarev Eric
Published: April 2024

Silicate weathering moderates atmospheric CO2 levels over geologic time but proceeds naturally at rates too slow to substantially mitigate anthropogenic emissions. Microorganisms can accelerate silicate weathering and may thereby augment carbon dioxide removal. Here, we demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis strain MP1 can couple silicate dissolution with carbonate precipitation to capture CO2. In culture, MP1 formed biofilm in the presence of feldspar and increased silicate dissolution rates, pH and calcium carbonate formation relative to MP1-free controls. In a soil column experiment, MP1 enhanced inorganic carbon accumulation and the levels of available Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Al3+. These results suggest that MP1 was able to accelerate the weathering of silicates naturally present in the soil to release cations. In field experiments, application of MP1 increased soil inorganic carbon and exchangeable calcium, resulting in a gross accrual of 2.02 tonnes inorganic C ha-1 y-1 in the uppermost 30 cm of the soil column. Our results are consistent with a 'trans' calcification type model in which MP1 links silicate dissolution with calcite precipitation via cross-biofilm Ca2+ and proton transport. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the potential for microbially-enhanced silicate weathering in agricultural soils to promote inorganic carbon accumulation and removal of atmospheric CO2.
Official development finance in solid waste management reveals insufficient resources for tackling plastic pollution: A global analysis of two decades of data
Authors: Lerpiniere David J. , Wilson David C. , Velis Costas A.
Published: April 2024

Providing effective solid waste management (SWM) is essential to tackle plastics pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and avoid other potentially harmful impacts, including local air pollution impacts from open burning and the conditions that spread disease. Official development finance (ODF) plays a key role in providing SWM waste infrastructure and services. International cooperation is also central to the multi-lateral environmental agreement currently being negotiated (the ‘Plastics Treaty’). To provide insight on the scale, flows and changes in SWM ODF over time, we developed a standardised methodology to analyse OECD development finance data and applied it to data for 2003-2021. ODF focused on SWM is still very low, representing just 0.41% of all ODF. It is also an order of magnitude less than ODF focused on water and sanitation. This is despite an eight fold increase between 2003 and 2021. SWM ODF is dominated by five main donors who account for over three quarters of SWM ODF: World Bank Group, Asian Development Bank, EU Institutions, Germany and Japan. The majority of recipients of SWM ODF are middle income countries. Low income countries received only 8% of SWM ODF between 2003 and 2021. Total SWM ODF commitments in 2021 were ca. at 1.8 Billion USD. This is still significantly short of the over 30 Billion USD investment estimated to be needed to develop SWM and substantially reduce plastics pollution. The Plastics Treaty represents a key opportunity to rapidly scale up international cooperation and official development finance on solid waste management, help tackle the triple planetary crisis and enable a Just Transition to a circular economy.
Literacies Against Fake News
Authors: Soßdorf Anna , Stein Carolin , Bezzaoui Isabel , Fegert Jonas
Published: April 2024

This article is guided by the question of what digital competencies are needed to deal with disinformation strategies in social media and how these competencies can be embedded in the discourse on (media) pedagogy. It considers this question from the perspective of the digital condition and addresses the current competency debate by proposing a synergetic linkage of critical media competencies and data competencies. On this basis, it explores the relationship between learning opportunities, digital infrastructures, and the resilience of our democracies. The article concludes by discussing our “Synergistic Literacy Model Against Disinformation” in terms of its advantages and relevance for future literacy concepts, solutions to broader societal problems, and the resilience of democracies.
EFFETS DE LASSOCIATION DE LEXERCICE PHYSIQUE ET DU MASSAGE SUEDOIS SUR LA SCIATALGIE CHEZ LES FEMMES DE YAOUNDE (CAMEROUN)
Authors:   Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquee aux Activites Physiques et Sportives de lInstitut National de la Jeunesse et des Sports (INJS), Yaounde, Cameroun., HAMADOU Andre , Valery DISSEKA Paterson ,   Laboratoire des Sciences du Mouvement Humain, du Developpement et du Bien-etre, Institut National de la Jeunesse et des Sports (INJS), Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., Paul KOUASSI Jean ,   Laboratoire des Sciences du Mouvement Humain, du Developpement et du Bien-etre, Institut National de la Jeunesse et des Sports (INJS), Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., TATIEZE Jodelle ,   Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquee aux Activites Physiques et Sportives de lInstitut National de la Jeunesse et des Sports (INJS), Yaounde, Cameroun., D. GBENOU Joachim ,   Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et des Huiles Essentielles, Cotonou, Benin., H. DANSOU Pierre ,   Laboratoire de Physiologie de leffort de lInstitut National de la Jeunesse, de lEducation National et du Sport (INJEPS), Porto-Novo, Benin.
Published: April 2024

Background: Sciatica is a common chronic musculoskeletal disorder among women in developing countries. However, management strategies for this condition in these regions are often inadequate. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic programme combining Swedish massage and physical exercise on the symptoms of sciatica in women in the city of Yaounde in Cameroun. Methodology : This was a cross-sectional study of 30 women suffering from sciatica. The women were divided equally into three groups. The first (G1) was made up of women who only took physical exercise, the second (G2) of those who only received Swedish massage sessions and the third (G3) of those who received both physical exercise and Swedish massage. Results : The results show an overall decrease in anthropometric parameters. This decline was most marked in G3 (Î”G3 = -3.21%) and G1 (Î”G1 = -10.10%), for body mass and bone mass respectively. G2 showed the greatest reductions in water mass (Î”G2 = -16.97%), fat mass (Î”G2 = -21.19%) and muscle mass (Î”G2 = -8.76%). The results then show an overall improvement in pain parameters. This observation was more marked in G2, irrespective of the parameter considered. On the other hand, G1 showed the best result for pain at the present time (Î”G1 = -73.57%), while G2 showed the greatest improvements for usual pain (Î”G3 = -52.24%) and most intense pain (Î”G3 = -64.06%). Finally, the results indicate an overall reduction in the consequences of pain. This reduction was more marked in G2, but G3 showed the best results in terms of social relationships. Conclusion : In conclusion, physical exercise and Swedish massage promoted remission of most of the symptoms of sciatica in the subjects studied, especially when these two methods were combined.
A CASE STUDY ON COPD ASSOCIATED WITH SEIZURES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors:   Zynova Shalby Hospital., Thomas Stany
Published: April 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It provides a concise overview of the literature regarding the impact of COPD exacerbations on both the patient and the healthcare system, the recommendations for pharmacologic management of COPD, and the strategies employed to improve patient care and reduce hospitalizations and readmissions, and most importantly to improve the complications based on wrong treatment pattern.
TUBERCULOSIS RELATED STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION IN INDIA
Authors:   Principal cum Professor Amity College of Nursing Amity University, Haryana., Gauba Anu
Published: April 2024

Every year, 10 million people fall ill with tuberculosis (TB). Despite being a preventable and curable disease, 1.5 million people die from TB each year - making it the worldâ€™s top infectious killer. TB is the leading cause of death of people with HIV and also a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance. Most of the people who fall ill with TB live in low- and middle-income countries, but TB is present all over the world. About half of all people with TB can be found in 8 countries: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines and South Africa. About a quarter of the global population is estimated to have been infected with TB bacteria, but most people will not go on to develop TB disease and some will clear the infection. Those who are infected but not (yet) ill with the disease cannot transmit it. People infected with TB bacteria have a 5â€“10% lifetime risk of falling ill with TB. Those with compromised immune systems, such as people living with HIV, malnutrition or diabetes, or people who use tobacco, have a higher risk of falling ill.
A RARE CASE OF DELAYED HEMOPTYSIS 20 YEARS AFTER A BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA
Authors:   Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco., Ibba Mouhsin , Hamza Azal ,   Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco., Boujemaa Razouq ,   Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco., Bayem Cedric Joel ,   Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco., Fenane Hicham ,   Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco., Msougar Yassine ,   Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco.
Published: April 2024

Blunt chest injury is a common presentation to the emergency department, it may result in a variety of delayed sequelae. However, a delayed hemoptysis after blunt trauma is rare. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman presenting with hemoptysis 20 years after an accidental fall from the first floor. Imaging revealed an intra-parenchymal migration of a fragment from the left fourth rib. The diagnosis was confirmed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with mini-thoracotomy, which enabled the extraction of the bone fragment.
A CRITICAL REVIEW AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GOKSHUR RASAYANA
Authors:   PG Scholar, Department of DravyagunaVigyana, Shri Dhanwantry Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Chandigarh., Malik Isha , Muralidharan Sanuj ,   Associate Prof., Department of DravyagunaVigyana, Shri Dhanwantry Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Chandigarh., Lekshmi R. Vijaya ,   Research Officer (Ayurveda), Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh.
Published: April 2024

Rasayanachikitsa is one among the asthangas of ayurveda (one among the 8 fields). Acharya Vagbhatt has placed it on the 7th rank in the chronology of these eight fields. Further Acharya Arundatt has specified that Rasayanas are not just used for prolonging life and improving quality of life, but they also help in removing the effect of toxins from the individuals body. Thus, considering the same we realize how important and diverse is the effect of Rasayanasin maintaining health of the individual. Further in the chapter dedicated to Rasayanas in Ashtang Hriday, Acharya Vagbhatt has mentioned about GokshurRasayana. It is a simple Rasayana formulation which has not been worked up upon and thus, in this article we will understand the preparation and utility of thisRasayanaand perform preliminary phytochemical examinations on the same.
HOW DID THE TET OFFENSIVE SERVE AS A PIVOTAL MOMENT THAT ALTERED THE COURSE OF THE VIETNAM WAR FOR THE UNITED STATES?
Authors: Saha Evangeli
Published: April 2024

The Tet Offensive of 1968 stands as a watershed moment in the Vietnam War which compelled the United States to reconsider and alter its strategy. By analyzing the objectives, planning and execution of the offensive, this paper aims to shed light on how the Tet Offensive was successful in exploiting and exposing the gap between the official narratives and on-the-ground realities in America, which would in turn affect subsequent war policy decisions. Moreover, this paper examines how the Tet Offensive was significant in serving as a pivotal moment that altered the course of the war for the United States due to its role in influencing American public opinion, military strategies, political dynamics as well as the relationship between the U.S and South Vietnam.
Testing bitcoin’s safe-haven property and the correlation between Bitcoin, gold, oil, stock markets, and Google trends
Authors: Thi Huong Nguyen Lien , Hong Vu Hanh , Phuong Le Anh
Published: April 2024

Since its public introduction in 2009, Bitcoin has grown to be the most well-known cryptocurrency worldwide. There is still debate as to whether Bitcoin may be used as a hedge against other assets. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between Bitcoin and conventional commodity markets such as gold, crude oil, stock markets, and investor interest (quantified via Google Trends). In addition, the paper also tests Bitcoin’s safe haven role compared to other commodity markets. The Vector Autoregression model using daily database collected during the period 2013–2021 is employed to investigate the relationship between Bitcoin and traditional commodity markets. The impulse response function is used to analyze Bitcoin price movements against economic shocks from gold, oil prices, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average. In addition, the value-at-risk (VaR) model is used to test Bitcoin’s safe-haven property compared to other conventional commodity markets. The research results show that Bitcoin has negative impacts on gold, crude oil prices, and the stock market. Besides, Bitcoin responds negatively to a sharp decline in investor interest. Furthermore, the results of the VaR model show that Bitcoin is the second most volatile and risky asset, only after the crude oil market, and much riskier than gold. This result proves that Bitcoin cannot yet be considered a safe-haven instrument. These findings have several implications for investors and policymakers to minimize the risks associated with this cryptocurrency.
AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to send their sincere thanks to the Reviewers and Editorial Board of the Journal. Their valuable comments and helpful support helped improve the paper’s quality. No funding was granted for this study.
Preliminary Criteria For Ict in Assisting Students With Psychological Problems
Authors:   Department of Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Jakovljevic Marija , Karacic Marija ,   Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Slavonski Brod, Pjano Ognjen ,   Institute For Forensic Psychiatry Sokolac
Published: April 2024

A rising quantity of research designates that adolescents’ and students’ psychological problems pose a risk to them and society. Research indicates that students frequently utilize Information and Communications Technology (ICT) services to get informed about mental health, and to resolve their psychological problems. A critical and reflective analysis of the scientific literature, and a critical examination and reflective synthesis, theories, and practice on the use of ICTs and digital media for the treatment of psychological problems have been employed in this study. The study identifies gaps in research theory and practice regarding the use of ICTs and digital services for the prevention and treatment of mental health issues among adolescents and the student population. The article proposes ten preliminary criteria for ICT use in the treatment of psychological problems as a direction for further research.
Does Ability to do Proactive Stepping Reflect Ability to do Reactive Stepping?
Authors:   Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Physiotherapy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Ramachandran Sivakumar , Kumar Naveen ,   Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Physiotherapy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Milanese Steve ,   School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine University of Tasmania
Published: April 2024

Stepping is the strategy used in standing to prevent fall. Reactive stepping is made when perturbed to fall. Reactive stepping is less assessed in clinical setting, instead, proactive stepping is assessed to measure the risk of fall. Reactive stepping is commonly tested in research settings. This study was done to find relationship between proactive stepping and reactive stepping in healthy adults. We found that proactive stepping ability did not reflect reactive stepping ability. The study suggests that outcomes of proactive stepping measures must be used with caution to understand individual’s ability to do reactive stepping and prevent falling.
Need for Rational Thinking: Self-Identity and Social Intelligence of Indigenous Adolescence
Authors:   School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India, Balu Nanthini , Rathnasabapathy Maya ,   School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
Published: April 2024

After Africa, India has been a home for many indigenous communities who are still untouched by modern lifestyle. In particular indigenous adolescence is the one with the least exposure to the external world. There is a huge gap between how indigenous adolescence perceives them and how they understand interpersonal relationship with the non-indigenous group. Even though Government takes many initiatives they still hesitate to come out their comfort-zone and lagging in interpersonal relationship with non-indigenous people. Results found that rationality indirectly mediates the relationship between self-identity and social intelligence. Adolescence’s who are taught to think rationally are better able to assess events using facts and evidence, which allows them to respond appropriately with a deeper comprehension of the circumstances through reasoning. So, rational thinking helps to reduce perceptual bias, conflict resolution between their group likewise improves scientific thinking and effective communication of indigenous students. Indigenous researchers should develop intervention programs to improve their rational thinking, which helps to enhance their social intelligence and most importantly they believe their own ability to make wise decisions.
FTO Gene Polymorphism and Physical Activity in Relation to Body Mass Index
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Podanin Maja , Avdic Aldijana ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Muratovic Melika ,   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Osmanovic Dzanan ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Perkunic Darja ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mesic Paprikic Samra ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hercegovac Amela ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphism of the FTO gene (rs17817449) and the intensity of physical activity in relation to the BMI of subjects in the student population. Genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. 94 subjects stated that they were not physically active, 57 subjects were moderately physically active and 52 were intensely physically active. In the total sample, the risk allele G of the investigated polymorphism rs17817449 of the FTO gene had a lower frequency (41.8%) compared to the normal allele T (58.13%). Although a higher frequency of the risk allele G was found in the group of overweight subjects compared to the group with BMI < 25, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Evaluation and Self-Evaluation of Teachers During the Educational Process
Authors:   Faculty of Education, University ", Kurejsepi Esad ,   Ukshin Hoti",   Prizren, Kosovo
Published: April 2024

The position of teachers in modern teaching and changes related to educational reforms require a high degree of professionalism from teachers themselves, which, as Marentic Pozarnik (2000, p. 4) points out, is essentially “the ability of detailed professional judgment appropriate to the situation (reflection) as well as methods and procedures”. It is important for "trained” teachers to know, in a special, responsible way, to learn from their practice. At the same time, experiential and reflective approaches to learning imply a changed role of teachers, and only in the second step the application of specific methods and techniques are suitable for encouraging experiential learning (Vizek Vidovic & Vlahovic Stetic, 2007, p. 303). In the concept of "critical professional", the teacher in the educational and wider social field implies an awareness of the responsibilities of his profession at an individual level and society as a whole. A critical professional is able to think critically, both about his practical work and about the context of his work. He has developed an implicit understanding of the practical situation and the wider context. Professionals - experts at a higher level of professional activity are able to monitor and reflect, reconstruct and articulate knowledge gained from experience (Valencic Zuljan, 2001, p. 136). The very concept of reflection comes from the Latin reflectere that means reflection, contemplation, judgment. It is a process of experiential learning based on in-depth analysis of one's own practice and cognition, in other words connecting and directing the thinking and actions of an individual (metacognitive process) (Bell et al., 1993, as cited in Skok, 2002, p. 14).
The Judicial Institutions Response to Human Trafficking: A Case Study From Southeast Europe
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo, Abdyli Emine , Tahiraj Flutura ,   Faculty of Law, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
Published: April 2024

Trafficking in human beings is a phenomenon of global proportions, which on the one hand violates basic human rights and on the other hand represents a modern form of slavery. This phenomenon is influenced by various factors that are directly related to the level of development of the state, such as the economic situation, poverty, difficult housing conditions, low level of education, sociocultural factors, etc. Trafficking in human beings in Kosovo concerning the number of inhabitants is considered to be high, despite the measures taken by the justice institutions. In this paper, the main focus is based on the analysis of the contribution of justice institutions concerning the criminal offense of trafficking in human beings in Kosovo and the comparability of cases of trafficking during the years 2017-2022. Furthermore, the conclusions of this research emphasize the necessary measures and policies that should be undertaken by the institutions of justice for the prevention and combating of this negative phenomenon at the country level. It also includes the importance of international legal cooperation, public awareness, and protection of victims through institutional channels. Only through inter-institutional cooperation and the raising of social awareness success can be achieved in the combat against this phenomenon, namely to protect basic human rights and freedoms.
New Trends in Students’ Reading Habits
Authors:   University of Tirana, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tirana, Albania, Zenelaga Brunilda , Miftari Vehbi ,   University “Haxhi Zeka”, Faculty of Business, Pejë, Kosovo, Shehu- Lokaj Alma ,   University “Haxhi Zeka”, Faculty of Business, Pejë, Kosovo
Published: April 2024

The technology era has caused many changes in the reading habits of students, starting in 2011. However, the universities were not prepared for the enormous challenges they faced with the Pandemic, in late 2019 and early 2020. The pandemic has accelerated the habits of students toward digital resources and the use of more and more electronic materials. Facing this phenomenon, accelerated by the effects of Covid-19, the universities have to face the necessity of the adaptation of teaching methods which meant the use of digital materials. The article analyses the change in reading habits and the teaching methods in the Albanian and Kosovan context, showing how the universities in the Republic of Albania and Kosovo have been affected by these changes, embracing approaches to information technology. For this purpose, we have analyzed the changes in reading habits in different public and private universities in Albania and Kosovo. A tested questionnaire has been spread to 672 students in both countries, in different programs and different years of studies. The article shows that under the influence of globalization processes and the development of information technology, reading habits are changing at a frenetic speed, weakening hard copy reading and increasing electronic and that under the Pandemic Covid-19 universities changed the ways of offering teaching methods, accelerating the change of the reading habits of students and weakening the use of printed books as a tool for learning, as well as decreasing the time of reading for pleasure. A more dynamic world caused more focused universities and more rapid changes in the reading habits of the students.
Management of Garbhini Mukhpaka with Kavala Dharana
Authors: Arti Yadav  , Sucheta Ray  , Aswathy K  , Ekta Singh Parihar  , Priyanka Hajare
Published: April 2024

It is well known that in pregnancy various physiological and pathological changes occurs. Most of which are reversible after delivery. Due to hormonal changes during pregnancy the changes in oral mucosa are also seen. The reasons for these changes are not well known established. Of all the changes the one most well-known is stomatitis. In Pregnancy hormone fluctuation causes changes in saliva making mouth more susceptible to ulcer. Physical and emotional stress of pregnancy aggravates the factor for mouth ulcer. In Ayurveda this condition is known as Mukhpaka, Acharya Sushruta has described under Mukhroga. Among 65 Mukhroga it comes in Sarvasara Roga and these are of three types. In modern science it is treated by maintaining oral hygiene and by using tropical anaesthetics, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. Many of these drugs are of unknown adverse effect that cannot be frequently used in pregnant women. In Ayurveda it is treated by various methods like Kwatha, Gandusha, etc. In Kashyapa Samhita this Garbhini Vikara is treated with the administration of Kavala of Haridra and Daruharidra. Then Kavala of Sneha/Sugar added water and of Lodhra Kwath Kawal and at the end dusting of Lodhra Choorna is done, and with intake of powder of Manjistha, Ghrashi, Sariva, Mochras, with honey.
A review on Sarvasara Mukharoga in Ayurveda w.s.r. Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Savita Pushkar  , Gulab Chand Pamnani  , Rajendra Kumar Soni  , Sharad Bhatnagar  , Dinesh Kumar Jat  , Ashok Kumar Pushkar
Published: April 2024

Introduction: An inflammatory response juxta epithelial, fibroelastic changes in the lamina propria, epithelial atrophy, trismus, and recurrent glossitis attacks are the hallmarks of the subtle chronic disease known as oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). It is one of the most common premalignant disorders in India is. OSMF is gaining popularity these days. A study on OSMF and its management according to Ayurveda values is more in the scientific field because Ayurveda’s main focus is on maintaining and promoting health care. In this conceptual paper, OSMF will be highlighted, evaluated, elaborated on, and discussed. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study is to gain a better understanding of OSMF and its relationship to Sarvasara Mukharoga in Ayurveda. Materials and Methods: The contents of this article are based on modern medicine textbooks as well as Ayurvedic Samhitas. Clinical research published in both indexed and non-indexed journals was also consulted to obtain relevant content. Results: According to the Lakshanas described by Brihatrayi, OSMF can be equated symptomatically with the Sarvasara Mukharoga. In the event of OSMF, the management of Sarvasara Mukharoga should be applied. Conclusion: On the basis of signs and symptoms, OSMF can be correlated with Sarvasara Mukharoga. Early treatment of OSMF using Ayurvedic medications and the cessation of habits helps in the easy cure of the disease.
An Ayurvedic perspective of Female Infertility - A Case Study
Authors: Sheela Verma  , Anjana Saxena  , Deepika Gupta
Published: April 2024

Infertility is an emerging health problem that has profound socioeconomic and health implication on both the individual and society. Unexplained Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive even after one year with routine investigations of infertility showing no abnormality; with overall incidence of 10-30%. Ayurveda assures normal pregnancy by proper maintenance of Garbha Samgraha Samagris and normalcy of mind. All the causes of female infertility come under the imbalance of Garbha Samgraha Samagri and Manasika factors. In this case report patient suffered from primary infertility since years, after allopathic consultation came for Ayurvedic treatment. From detailed history involvement of vitiated Vata, Agnimandhya and stressful mind was noticed. The line of treatment followed in this case was Virechana, Basti, Nasya, Vatanulomana, Garbhastapana Aushadhis and psychological assurance that favours conception in this couple.
Ayurvedic Management of Crohn’s Disease - A Single Case Study
Authors: Soumyasree V.R  , Aniruddha
Published: April 2024

Crohn’s disease is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease condition characterized by skip lesions and transmural inflammation that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. It is having variable presenting symptoms and may include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, vomiting etc. The diagnosis is typically made with endoscopic and/or radiologic findings. A 16-year-old female patient diagnosed with Crohn’s disease having complaints of frequent loose stools, bleeding per rectum after evacuation of bowel, generalised weakness, reduced appetite and weight loss since more than 6 years approached the outpatient department of Kayachikitsa, SDM Ayurveda hospital, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India. Patient was intervened with Vilwadi Gulika, Dadimashtaka Churna, Kutajarishta, Takra Kalpana, Parpati Kalpana, Picha Basti etc. strictly following Laja diet with Takra in 4 courses of admissions with a time gap of 2-3 months. There was marked improvement in the frequency of loose stools and rectal bleeding. Improvement in weight was noted by a gain of 12 kg and generalised weakness was completely relieved. The therapy gained confidence in the patient to stop all the steroid and immunosuppressant medications completely and continue with Ayurvedic medication. Thus, it can be concluded that Ayurvedic interventions are effective in the improvement of symptoms in Crohn’s disease.
Topological Defects in Tactoid Nematic Phase
Authors: Elnikova L. V. , Belyaev V. V.
Published: April 2024

The purpose research of the work is to illustrate the role of point surface topological defects in nematics in phase transitions using the example of inorganic sols of vanadium pentoxide in water V2O5/H2O.

Methods. Basing on the measurements on polarization light microscopy and theoretically, in frames of the Landau-de Gennes model and the Kibble-Zurek model for defects, the influence of point topological defects at the surface of nematic colloid of lyotropic liquid crystals, in particular, in inorganic sols of the V2O5/H2O system, on their critical thermodynamic, electric, optical, elastic and mechanical properties is estimated. For the system V2O5/H2O, we study the developed models of nematic colloid phases with non-trivial topology composed of spindle-shaped particles, in which their topological defects are classified; geometrical parameters of nematic particles in dynamics and evolution depending on physicochemical conditions, phase stability criteria, conditions for coalescence of particles, including, under external magnetic field, and also, experimental observations confirmed the proposed theories and models, are considered.

Results. With a glance of coalescence regime, the critical size of a colloid particle of the system V2O5/H2O, ~ 10 nm in the long axis direction, in which the value of magnetic energy equals to the sum of elastic and surface energy of acolloid particle, is estimated.

Conclusion. We confirmed, that the prerequisite of sol particle coalescence in the system V2O5/H2O in the magnetic field is annihilation of the point topological defects at their poles, the geometrical criterion of tactoid coalescence in magnetic field is established basing on the different theories of their surface defects.
Study of the Fenton Oxidative Reaction on a Culture of Human Fibroblast Cells Incubated with Ablated CeO2 Particles
Authors: Pugachevskii M. A. , Kryukov A. A. , Dodonova S. A. , Artyushkova E. B. , Mamontov V. A. , Rodionov V. V.
Published: April 2024

Purpose. Study of the bioprotective properties of ablated cerium dioxide nanoparticles in relation to immortalized human fibroblasts under conditions of oxidative stress caused by the Fenton reaction.

Methods. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles with pronounced antioxidant properties were obtained using laser ablation. The average maximum sizes of ablated particles of oxidized cerium in non-centrifuged and centrifuged at a speed of 1000 rpm nanodispersed aqueous solutions were revealed using the method of atomic force microscopy. The spectrophotometric method revealed that ablated cerium dioxide nanoparticles exhibit antioxidant properties and prevent the degradation of the methylene blue dye during the Fenton reaction. Cell culture samples were mapped using scanning electron microscopy using an energy-dispersive attachment after their incubation with ablated cerium dioxide nanoparticles. Using MTT analysis, the effect of ablated cerium dioxide nanoparticles on the survival of BJ TERT cell culture in the Fenton reaction was studied. Non-centrifuged and centrifuged at a speed of 1000 rpm nanodispersed solutions of oxidized cerium were used. The antioxidant activity of cerium dioxide nanoparticles after 6- and 24-hour incubation was studied.

Results. The average limiting sizes of ablated cerium dioxide nanoparticles have been established, the values of which are (61,95±0,1) nm for a non-centrifuged aqueous solution and (56,59±0,1) nm for an aqueous solution centrifuged at a microcentrifuge speed of 1000 rpm. It was revealed that in the presence of ablated cerium dioxide nanoparticles, the degree of oxidative degradation of methylene blue during the Fenton reaction was significantly reduced. It was found that with an increase in the concentration of ablated cerium dioxide nanoparticles from 20 to 1000 mg/l, their antioxidant effect increased. From the obtained SEM images of cell cultures with ablated cerium dioxide nanoparticles, it follows that the nanoparticles are captured by cells during incubation and can have a significant effect on oxidative processes during the Fenton reaction. Statistical analysis based on the results of the MTT assay showed that 6-hour and 24-hour incubation with ablated cerium dioxide nanoparticles had a pronounced protective effect on the BJ TERT cell line.

Conclusion. This work shows that during the Fenton reaction, cerium dioxide nanoparticles prevent the oxidative degradation of the methylene blue dye. When immortalized human fibroblasts are incubated, ablated cerium oxide nanoparticles are taken up by the cells and have a significant protective effect on them in the oxidative reaction. The high antioxidant activity of nanoparticles is determined by the high content of functional defects on the surface of nanoparticles obtained under sharply nonequilibrium conditions of laser ablation.
Mesomorphism and Tribotechnical Characteristics of Lubricant Compositions with Mesogenic Additives Carboxylates Cu(II)
Authors: Elnikova L. V. , Ponomarenko A. T. , Shevchenko V. G.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the work is to characterize the lubricants based on Llitol-24 and synthetic solidol with additives copper(II) carboxylates when using them in friction nodes in loading conditions and temperature. The lubricant compositions with additives copper(II) carboxylates based on synthetic solidol and Litol-24 form the columnar mesophases depending on thermodynamical conditions and concentration of additives.

Methods. We study the lubricant compositions with dielectric spectroscopy and и polarization light microscopy. The studies lubricant compositions are tested on the frictional machines by preceding authors, which performed their synthesis and numerical estimations for their geometry parameters. It is shown, that the columnar mesophase formed by the compositions with copper(II) carboxylates simulates favourable tribological conditions for lubrication (reduction of the friction coefficient at the appointed range of additive concentrations and reduction of wear) and unlike to crystalline phases, shows orientation effects at the surface of interacting surfaces of machine elements and devices. These factsmotivate the study of influence of physicochemical properties and composition on mesomorphism of considered lubricant compositions.

Results. In our measurements, we found the main dielectric characteristics of two kinds of the lubricant compositions: dielectric constant and dielectric loss, electroconductivity, dissipation factor, the Arrhenius functions are plotted, and the activation energies of the lubricant compositions we study are calculated. The microphotogram for textures of the lubricant compositions depending on temperature and concentrations are received. The differences in mesomorphic properties of the lubricant compositions with additives Cu(II) valerate and isovalerate are confirmed.

The conclusion of the work is that the composition of the lubricant is optimized by the choice of additive concentration, the length of the mesogenic chain of the copper(II) carboxylate molecule and its conformation.
Effect of Ce3+ Concentration and YAG Crystal Particles Size on Photoluminescence
Authors: Novikov Е. А. , Kuzmenko A. P. , Rodionov V. V. , Emelyanov V. M. , Anikin D. P. , Neruchev Yu. A.
Published: April 2024

Purpose of research. Determine the effect on the photoluminescence of phosphors from yttrium-aluminum garnet activated by cerium ions Ce3+, the size of its particles and the concentration of cerium ions in them.

Methods. Structural electron and confocal microscopic, fluorescent, microspectral studies using a laser lex = 473 nm as an excitation source, energy dispersive, X-ray diffraction studies, as well as goniophotometric measurements on the radial distribution of light intensity excited by the LED matrix were carried out.

Results. A detailed granulometric analysis of the particle sizes of phosphors was carried out for two samples from different manufacturers, cumulative distributions M(d) were constructed and their quantiles were established. Based on the results of measuring photoluminescence from individual particles in the compositions of phosphors based on YAG:Ce3+, a Stokes shift was detected in these samples: short-wavelength – for particles with sizes less than 10 μm and with low concentration and long-wavelength – with sizes greater than 10 μm with an increased concentration of over ~0.2% . The obtained microspectral size-emission dependences lem(d) and energy Imax(d) were consistent with the description based on the proposed physical mechanism of their formation by the 5d → 2F5/2 and 5d → 2F7/2 transitions.

Conclusion. A short-wavelength shift of photoluminescence intensity maxima for particles smaller than 10 μm was discovered, due to a significant increase in the influence of surface stresses due to a reduction in the number of atoms. For larger particle sizes, the characteristic photoluminescence intensity maxima cease to depend on the wavelength. The radial distribution of luminous intensity determined by the goniophotometric method made it possible to calculate the value of the luminous flux equal to 1350 lm and 1140 lm, respectively, for LED matrices containing 8 LEDs with the studied phosphors.
Investigation of the Elemental Composition of Titanium Metal Waste by X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
Authors: Ageev E. V. , Novikov E. P. , Pereverzev V. О. , Ageeva A. E.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this work was to study the elemental composition of titanium metal waste to be processed by the method of electroerosive dispersion into spherical powders suitable for additive manufacturing.

Methods. When conducting experiments on X-ray fluorescence analysis of chemical composition, pieces of metal waste rods of a titanium alloy of an unknown brand were used. An X-ray fluorescence spectrometer Niton Goldd (USA) was used to determine the elemental composition and percentage of elements in the alloy under study. With this method, X-ray radiation is directed at the sample under study, the reflected wave spectrum is obtained and the characteristics of the spectrum of secondary fluorescent radiation of the sample are analyzed. In this case, electromagnetic waves form secondary X-ray radiation, i.e., characteristic lines that are characteristic of atoms of various elements and have their own individual characteristics. Thus, the elemental composition of the sample under study is determined, and the intensity of these lines shows the quantitative concentration of elements.

Results. Using a portable Niton Goldd spectrometer, it was found that titanium metal waste corresponds to the grade of the OT4-0 alloy. The data obtained made it possible to identify samples of the studied metal waste to be processed by the method of electroerosive dispersion into spherical powders suitable for additive manufacturing. As a result of comparing the percentage of chemical elements of the studied metal waste and alloy OT4-0 according to GOST 19807-91, minor discrepancies were found due to the absence of elements such as O, Si, C, N and H. in metal waste. Apparently, this difference is related to their possible presence in small amounts up to 0.1% or complete absence.

Conclusion. Renovation of metal waste, including titanium metal waste, will contribute to resource conservation, import substitution and ensuring the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation.
Examining and Comparing the Validity and Reproducibility of Scales to Determine the Variety of Vegetables Consumed: Validation Study
Authors: Ominami Kaya , Kushida Osamu
Published: April 2024

Background

Previous studies have reported that vegetable variety reduces the risk for noncommunicable diseases independent of the amount consumed.

Objective

This study aimed to examine and compare the validity and reproducibility of several scales to determine vegetable variety.

Methods

In total, 23 nutrition students in Japan reported their vegetable intake over the past month using a self-administered questionnaire between July and August 2021. Specifically, four scales were used: (1) a single question regarding the number of vegetables consumed (scale A); (2) a scale containing 9 vegetable subgroups included in the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (scale B); (3) a scale containing 19 vegetable items included in a self-administered diet history questionnaire (scale C); and (4) a scale containing 20 vegetable items from the Ranking of Vegetable Consumers in Japan, which was analyzed based on a report on the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan (scale D). Scale validity was assessed by correlation with the number of vegetables consumed, which was collected from dietary records for 7 consecutive days. Reproducibility was assessed by test-retest reliability.

Results

Regarding the validity of the 4 scales, significant correlations were found between scales C (ρ=0.51) and D (ρ=0.44) with vegetable variety based on dietary records, but scales A (ρ=0.28) and B (ρ=0.22) were not significantly correlated. Reproducibility showed a significant correlation in scale B (ρ=0.45) and strong correlations in scales C (ρ=0.73) and D (ρ=0.75).

Conclusions

The scales for vegetable items have acceptable validity and reproducibility compared to the scales that used a single question or vegetable subgroup and, therefore, may determine the variety of vegetables consumed.
Natural Language Processing–Powered Real-Time Monitoring Solution for Vaccine Sentiments and Hesitancy on Social Media: System Development and Validation
Authors: Huang Liang-Chin , Eiden Amanda L , He Long , Annan Augustine , Wang Siwei , Wang Jingqi , Manion Frank J , Wang Xiaoyan , Du Jingcheng , Yao Lixia
Published: April 2024

Background

Vaccines serve as a crucial public health tool, although vaccine hesitancy continues to pose a significant threat to full vaccine uptake and, consequently, community health. Understanding and tracking vaccine hesitancy is essential for effective public health interventions; however, traditional survey methods present various limitations.

Objective

This study aimed to create a real-time, natural language processing (NLP)–based tool to assess vaccine sentiment and hesitancy across 3 prominent social media platforms.

Methods

We mined and curated discussions in English from Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X), Reddit, and YouTube social media platforms posted between January 1, 2011, and October 31, 2021, concerning human papillomavirus; measles, mumps, and rubella; and unspecified vaccines. We tested multiple NLP algorithms to classify vaccine sentiment into positive, neutral, or negative and to classify vaccine hesitancy using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 3Cs (confidence, complacency, and convenience) hesitancy model, conceptualizing an online dashboard to illustrate and contextualize trends.

Results

We compiled over 86 million discussions. Our top-performing NLP models displayed accuracies ranging from 0.51 to 0.78 for sentiment classification and from 0.69 to 0.91 for hesitancy classification. Explorative analysis on our platform highlighted variations in online activity about vaccine sentiment and hesitancy, suggesting unique patterns for different vaccines.

Conclusions

Our innovative system performs real-time analysis of sentiment and hesitancy on 3 vaccine topics across major social networks, providing crucial trend insights to assist campaigns aimed at enhancing vaccine uptake and public health.