bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaping Competitive Strategies for the Computer Industry
Authors: Akhter Shameem , Rahman Nayem , Ullah Mahmud , Rahman Mohammad Nirjhar
Published: June 2018

Accelerated response to competition with appropriate actions is one of the major determinants for a firm's sustenance and survival. Both operational and financial performances in terms of gaining and/or keeping competitive advantage always remain under the watchful eyes of the relevant stakeholders in an industry. A firm has to be very vigilant to cope with the internal and external changes it faces over the different phases of its growth. Just like any other industry, this is equally true, in fact more true for the computer industry as well. Continuous innovation in the computer industry has made it a very fast growing and fiercely competitive industry in the field of modern technologies. Firms in this industry always have to be on their toes to tackle the fierce competition created due to many obvious reasons. This study examines the computer industry in the light of Michael Porter's framework for analyzing the profitability. Threats of new entrants and substitute products, bargaining power of both suppliers and buyers, and regular rivalry among the competitors have been analyzed critically. This study may have significant implications in evaluating the competitive strategies developed and applied by the incumbent firms in and the new entrants into the computer manufacturing industry.
Executing a Real-Time Response in an Agile Information System
Authors: Chaudhary Pankaj , Rodger James A. , Hyde Micki
Published: June 2018

Agile information systems (AIS) is a current topic of interest in the IS industry. An AIS is defined as one that has ability to sense a change in real time, diagnose it in real time, and select and execute an action in real time. This study focuses on the properties or attributes of an AIS to execute an action in real time. The properties outlined in this research enable an AIS to select a response in real time and then execute a response in real time. The attributes are derived using industry literature, refined using interviews with industry practitioners and then verified for importance using a survey. From the exercise it is concluded that most properties or attributes are important for real-time execution in an AIS. Dimensions underlying these attributes are identified using EFA. Some recent frameworks and paradigms related to IS configurations that can respond to changes in real time are discussed. These frameworks incorporate many of the properties that were arrived for executing a change in real time in an agile IS and hence provide additional validation for the research.
RETRACTED: Gait Analysis of Pedestrians with the Aim of Detecting Disabled People
Authors: Mukhtar Amir , Cree Michael J. , Scott Jonathan B. , Streeter Lee
Published: June 2018

Gait classification is an effective and non-intrusive method for human identification and it has received significant attention in the recent years due to its applications in visual surveillance and monitoring systems. In this project, we analysed gait signatures using spatio-temporal motion characteristics of a person to answer the question ``is there a discriminating feature in gait signal that can help to categorise disable person from healthy''. The procedure has three steps. detection of a pedestrian using YOLO followed by the silhouette extraction using the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Finally, skeletonization from the silhouette image to estimate head and torso locations and their angles with the vertical axis. Furthermore, velocity and acceleration signals were recorded to look for accelerating behaviour of person walking with a limp.
Geoenvironmental characteristics of Canadian critical metal deposits
Authors: Parsons M
Published: June 2018

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the global demand for many elements used in green energy and high-tech applications, including antimony (Sb), cobalt (Co), indium (In), lithium (Li), niobium (Nb) and the rare earth elements (REE). Canada has
abundant resources of these critical elements, however, we know very little about the potential environmental impacts of mining these resources. The primary objective of this study is to characterize processes controlling the mobility of trace elements and radionuclides in mine wastes and waters at
the abandoned St. Lawrence Columbium (SLC) Mine in Oka, Quebec. This mine operated from 1961 to 1976 and at the time was one of the largest Nb producers in the world.
In FY 17-18, GSC scientists continued sampling mine wastes, groundwater and surface waters at the SLC Mine and initiated collaborative projects with the University of Ottawa (slag leaching) and Queen's University (waste rock weathering). Results to-date show that most REEs, uranium (U) and thorium
(Th) occur in relatively insoluble minerals, but that the slag is reactive and a potential radiological hazard. Radionuclide levels in mine waters are very low, but elevated levels of fluoride are present in seepage from the tailings. GSC data on slag, groundwater, and pit lake chemistry were shared
with the Quebec Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources to help inform ongoing environmental management decisions for the SLC Mine. Results were also shared in a plain language fact sheet, and in both national and international conference presentations.
SOURCES: airborne contamination in the oil sands region
Authors: Savard M M
Published: June 2018

A follow-up to the successful CORES Project (2009-2014), SOURCES (SOurce apportionment Using isotope Ratio Characterization of oil sands Environmental Samples; 2014-2019) is focused on the development and application of geochemical and isotopic methodologies to
distinguish between natural and anthropogenic contaminants and to better understand processes controlling their distribution in Northern Alberta's Athabasca oil sands region. The project is divided into research activities centred on airborne and waterborne contaminants. The airborne activity is
examining: (A) the impact of contaminants on the forest nitrogen cycle through the study of air (NH3/NH4 and NO3), soils, micro-organisms, and tree stems, rootlets and leaves; and (B) the characteristics of organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAHs) in lake sediments and snow.
The waterborne activity is focused on the surface water-groundwater interactions in areas potentially impacted by emissions from the large tailings ponds. The main contaminants of concern for the waterborne component are metals and naphthenic acids - a complex mixture of carboxylic acids found
naturally in bitumen that become concentrated in oil sands process-affected water. As of spring 2018, all fieldwork required to support this research (both activities) is completed. Analyses on air N species, soil microbiome, nitrogen and nutrients in various compartments of trees and soils, on PAHs
in lake sediments and snow, and on metals and naphthenic acids in groundwater and surface water samples are ongoing.
The SLMTA programme: Transforming the laboratory landscape in developing countries
Authors: Yao Katy , Maruta Talkmore , Luman Elizabeth T. , Nkengasong John N.
Published: June 2018

Background: Efficient and reliable laboratory services are essential to effective and well-functioning health systems. Laboratory managers play a critical role in ensuring the quality and timeliness of these services. However, few laboratory management programmes focus on the competencies required for the daily operations of a laboratory in resource-limited settings. This report provides a detailed description of an innovative laboratory management training tool called Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) and highlights some challenges, achievements and lessons learned during the first five years of implementation (2009–2013) in developing countries.Programme: SLMTA is a competency-based programme that uses a series of short courses and work-based learning projects to effect immediate and measurable laboratory improvement, while empowering laboratory managers to implement practical quality management systems to ensure better patient care. A SLMTA training programme spans from 12 to 18 months; after each workshop, participants implement improvement projects supported by regular supervisory visits or on-site mentoring. In order to assess strengths, weaknesses and progress made by the laboratory, audits are conducted using the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO) Stepwise Laboratory Quality Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) checklist, which is based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189 requirements. These internal audits are conducted at the beginning and end of the SLMTA training programme.Conclusion: Within five years, SLMTA had been implemented in 617 laboratories in 47 countries, transforming the laboratory landscape in developing countries. To our knowledge, SLMTA is the first programme that makes an explicit connection between the performance of specific management behaviours and routines and ISO 15189 requirements. Because of this close relationship, SLMTA is uniquely positioned to help laboratories seek accreditation to ISO 15189.
Movement patterns and home range size of tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) in the Incomati River system, South Africa
Authors: Roux Francois , Steyn Gert , Hay Clinton , Wagenaar Ina
Published: June 2018

Historical data suggested that the tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) of the Incomati River migrates upstream and downstream as part of their life history. It has been suggested that this movement was a prerequisite for successful spawning in inundated floodplains in Mozambique. Recent advances in aquatic radio telemetry provided a reliable mechanism to monitor fish movement and increase knowledge of the ecology of tigerfish. From 04 January 2003 to 22 December 2003, 41 tigerfish in the Incomati River system were fitted with radio transmitters to record movement patterns and estimate home range size. On average, each fish was tracked 72 times, and the total number of fixes was 2971 over the study period, including 1322 summer fixes and 1649 winter fixes. The mean longest distance travelled by tigerfish was 730 m (range = 75 m to 3200 m). The home range size varied between individual fish, but on average fish stayed within a defined home range of 48 846 m2. Tigerfish showed high site fidelity to specific habitats within specific activity zones and movement occurred primarily within these defined zones. Differences in movement pattern, longest distance travelled and home range size could not be attributed to the sex or size of the fish. No large-scale movement patterns associated with specific life history activity were observed; thus, previous reports of large-scale downstream migrations and spawning migrations appear to be invalid. The presence of weirs in the study area impedes free fish movement as these weirs create migration obstructions.Conservation implications: River regulation such as damming, water abstraction, obstructive barriers and channel modification may have a detrimental impact on the survival strategy of this species. Implementation of these results in a management policy will provide a reliable basis for species specific requirements such as upstream reservoir release management; minimum flow volumes required for downstream ecosystem maintenance and management and planning of structures obstructing natural flow.
Prevalence of virulence genes in Enterococcus species isolated from companion animals and livestock
Authors: Pillay Shirwin , Zishiri Oliver T. , Adeleke Matthew A.
Published: June 2018

Enterococcus species have developed from being commensal bacteria to leading pathogens that cause infections in humans and animals. The gastrointestinal tract of mammals is the normal habitat of these species. Virulence factors are proteins that are produced by the bacterium which are used to enhance their pathogenicity. The objectives of this study were to isolate Enterococcus spp. from livestock and companion animals, differentiate between the different sub-species and detect the presence of important virulence genes. Rectal and saliva swabs were collected from dogs and cats, whereas only rectal swabs were collected from cattle and cloacal swabs from chickens. Presumptive Enterococcus was selected using Bile Esculin Azide (BEA) agar, and Enterococcus species were confirmed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by amplifying the tuf gene. In order to differentiate between E. faecalis and E. faecium, a multiplex PCR was used to detect the SodA gene. The genes responsible for gelatinase production (gelE) and for conjugation (ccf) were also detected using PCR. Out of 211 animal swabs, 182 (86%) were positive for the tuf gene. Overall, there were 55 isolates of E. faecalis (30%) compared to 22 isolates of E. faecium (12%). The virulence genes had a prevalence of 52% and 36% for gelE and ccf, respectively, in all animal hosts. The results demonstrated that chicken cloacal samples had the highest prevalence for E. faecalis, gelE and ccf genes compared to all the other isolates detected from other animal hosts. The results also demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association between the prevalence of virulence genes (gelE and ccf) and animal species from which Enterococcus spp. was isolated. We provided evidence that healthy livestock and companion animals can harbour pathogenic Enterococcus that can be transferred via the food chain as well as through close association such as petting and licking of humans. This study partially demonstrated that Enterococci spp. are capable of evolving from being simple commensal bacteria to becoming pathogens that cause infection in humans and animals through the acquisition of virulence factors through mobile genetic elements.
Об асимптотике коразмерностей $c_n$ в алгебре $F^{(7)}$
Authors: Grishin Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: June 2018

В настоящей работе исследуется аддитивная структура алгебры $F^{(7)}$, т.е.относительно свободной ассоциативной счетнопорожденной алгебры
с тождеством $[x_1,…,x_7]=0$ над бесконечным полем характеристики
$\ne 2,3$. В первую очередь изучается пространство собственных
полилинейных многочленов в этой алгебре. В качестве приложения
получаются оценки коразмерностей $c_n=\dim F_n^{(7)}$, где $F_n^{(7)}$ -
подпространство полилинейных многочленов степени $n$ в алгебре $F^{(7)}$.
Библиография: 10 названий.
A thermodynamic description for the hygroscopic growth of
atmospheric aerosol particles
Authors: Castarède Dimitri , Thomson Erik S.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The phase state of atmospheric particulate is important to atmospheric processes and aerosol radiative forcing remains a large uncertainty in climate predictions. That said, precise atmospheric phase behavior is difficult to quantify and observations have shown that precondensation of water below predicted saturation values can occur. We propose a revised approach to understanding the transition from solid soluble particles to liquid droplets, typically described as cloud condensation nucleation – a process that is traditionally captured by Köhler theory, which describes a modified equilibrium saturation vapor pressure due to I. mixing entropy (Raoult's law) and II. droplet geometry (Kelvin effect). Given that observations of precondensation are not predicted by Köhler theory, we devise a more complete model which includes interfacial forces giving rise to predeliquescence, i.e., the formation of a brine layer wetting a salt particle at relative humidities well below the deliquescence point.
Transformative Citizenship Education and Intercultural Sensitivity in Early Adolescence
Authors: Mellizo Jennifer M.
Published: June 2018

As our world continues to evolve into an increasingly diverse, interconnected, and interdependent global society, it isbecoming more important for tomorrow’s citizens (today’s early adolescent students) to develop the knowledge,skills, and dispositions they will need to understand and communicate with individuals who come from many diversecultural backgrounds. Yet, relatively few researchers have examined the effects of specific curriculum interventions,strategies, and/or educational approaches designed to improve intercultural knowledge, skills, and attitudes duringearly adolescence. In this study, a causal-comparative quantitative research design was used to explore differences inintercultural sensitivity between a group of 4th–6th grade students at a school that embraces a transformativeapproach to citizenship education (School 1), and a group of students at a comparison school (School 2). Anindependent t–test revealed students at School 1 scored significantly higher than students at School 2 on aquantitative measure of intercultural sensitivity (AISI). These results suggest a transformative approach to citizenshipeducation can promote the development of intercultural sensitivity during early adolescence. In light of these results,several key aspects of this particular school’s transformative citizenship curriculum are discussed in detail.
O nascimento da moda feminina na imprensa carioca oitocentista
Authors: Cintra Mariana De Paula
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo é parte de alguns questionamentos levantados na pesquisa de mestrado em andamento e tem como propósito discutir a circulação dos jornais – escritos por homens – dedicados às mulheres no Rio de Janeiro nas primeiras décadas do século XIX. Para isso, utilizaremos como fonte um dos primeiros e mais importantes periódicos femininos que estiveram em circulação na capital fluminense: O Correio das Modas. Tendo como foco principal abordar temas relacionados ao belo sexo, os editores e redatores desta folha se empenharam em produzir uma imprensa até então pouco desenvolvida no Brasil, e que teve como grande influenciador, sobretudo, o modelo francês. Por meio deste periódico e, mais especificamente, das suas colunas de modas, pretendemos pensar em que medida a leitura feminina tornou-se corrente no Rio de Janeiro, e de que maneira o discurso sobre a indumentária e os modos de vestir das senhoras compuseram essas páginas.
O toque como via miraculosa: imagem e materialidade na Távola Franciscana de Bonaventura Berlinghieri (1235)
Authors: Pelegrinelli André Luiz Marcondes
Published: June 2018

Os estudos do franciscanismo têm passado por uma ampla renovação, há pelo menos trinta anos, ao considerar também o papel das imagens na construção do culto ao santo e das práticas de seus sucessores. Apresentamos, aqui, considerações sobre uma dessas primeiras imagens do santo de Assisi, a távola produzida por Bonaventura Berlinghieri para a Igreja de Pescia, em 1235, propondo um estudo que considere a imagem em sua integridade, ou seja: iconografia e usos, aspectos pictóricos e sociais. Na távola citada, as cenas escolhidas para figuração são aquelas que relacionam milagre e toque taumatúrgico, relação esperada e base da ação transcendental no cristianismo ao gerar um Deus que se torna matéria. A relação toque/milagre fica clara ao pensar as atribuições e usos do objeto távola: somente essa dupla análise, imagética e de cultura material, dá conta da complexidade da imagem.
Nas fronteiras da morte: considerações sobre as imagens religiosas e a prática historiográfica
Authors: Souza Patrícia Marques de
Published: June 2018

Este texto busca refletir sobre o papel da memória na recepção de fontes visuais com ênfase nas imagens que foram confeccionadas sem o propósito de se tornarem objets d'art. Dentro deste grupo, destacam-se gravuras e iluminuras produzidas nos séculos XV e no início do XVI, na Europa, com temática cristã sobre a morte e o morrer. Neste sentido, serão utilizados os conceitos de anacronismo e montagem que foram revisitados e reformulados pelo filósofo Georges Didi-Huberman em suas mais recentes publicações.
Detrás de escena: mujeres en los murales de Buenos Aires (1933-1946)
Authors: Belej Cecilia
Published: June 2018

Desde los primeros años de la década de 1930, y en el marco del desarrollo de una cultura de masas se utilizó, en la Argentina, la pintura mural para decorar edificios públicos y privados. Estos murales tenían un carácter prescriptivo de los roles de género, donde la representación de la figura humana revelaba un lugar estereotipado de las mujeres que aparecen trabajando en el campo o criando niños y, por lo general, como mera contraparte del varón. El propósito de este artículo es entonces estudiar de qué manera se representaron las mujeres en los paneles murales y para este fin, se utilizará el enfoque teórico de los Estudios de Género y de los Estudios Culturales para analizar las imágenes monumentales que contribuyeron, junto a otros soportes, a conformar los modos en que se pensaban los roles de género entre 1933 y 1946.
Iconografias sarcásticas na imprensa feminista brasileira: mulherio e chanacomchana (1981-1985)
Authors: Oliveira Júlia Glaciela Da Silva
Published: June 2018

Durante a primeira metade da década de 1980, a imprensa feminista incorporou a categoria de gênero e a crítica à heteronormatividade ampliando as demandas e as discussões do movimento. Tomando como fontes charges, cartuns e outras formas de humor gráfico publicados nos periódicos brasileiros Mulherio e Chanacomchana, entre os anos de 1981 e 1985, analisamos como a imprensa feminista questionou e refletiu sobre as assimetrias de gênero e os discursos biologizantes que naturalizavam identidades e papéis culturalmente atribuídos às mulheres.
A disseminação de padrões femininos através dos anúncios da Lugolina e da juventude Alexandre na “Fon-Fon!”, 1910
Authors: Sant’Anna Mara Rúbia , Hernandes Maria Júlia Zarpelão
Published: June 2018

O artigo realiza análise de dois anúncios de produtos de beleza publicados na revista carioca Fon-Fon!, das marcas Lugolina e Juventude Alexandre, especificamente destinados aos cuidados com a pele e cabelo, publicados entre 1915 e 1916. Para tanto, utiliza-se das ferramentas de análise de imagem e, com isso, discute se os modelos de feminino disseminados pelos dois anunciantes estavam em conformidade com a ideologia da revista, concluindo que, apesar da intenção moderna, os papéis até então destinados à mulher foram reforçados.
Gestão da Informação: análise bibliométrica dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso de Biblioteconomia da UFF e UFRJ
Authors: Souza Luana Quintal de , Vogel Michely Mamede Jabala
Published: June 2018

Introdução: No atual ambiente tecnológico e globalizado, com a informação sendo compartilhada em tempo real, surge a necessidade de realizar atividades e processos que possibilitem gerenciar de forma eficaz o fluxo informacional. Ao identificar essa necessidade, as organizações buscam investir em recursos humanos. O Bibliotecário, como profissional da informação, tem a capacidade de trabalhar com o ciclo de vida da informação de maneira eficiente, proporcionando vantagem para as organizações em que atua. Objetivo: Busca identificar os Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso de Biblioteconomia e Documentação da Universidade Federal Fluminense e da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, para levantar o estudo do tema Gestão da Informação na graduação.  Metodologia: Empregou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica para estabelecer o referencial teórico e a Bibliometria para a mensuração da produção, realizando a pesquisa nos catálogos e repositórios das instituições escolhidas e organizou os dados em planilha, a fim de elaborar gráficos e quadros que identifiquem a cronologia da produção, qual instituição produziu mais sobre o tema, o uso de palavras-chave utilizados pelo autor comparados aos termos utilizados no processamento técnico para identificar os assuntos, e análise das referências mais utilizadas pelos alunos. Resultados:  Ao todo foram analisados nove trabalhos, defendidos entre o ano de 2004 e 2014, os quais utilizaram ao todo 339 referências, 251 autores, com uma variação de 12 tipos documentais e foi identificado o uso ade 27 palavras-chave e 24 assuntos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que ainda são poucas as pesquisas sobre o tema na graduação de biblioteconomia, porém acredita-se na relevância do tema por ser uma das atuações do Bibliotecário.
Responsabilidade social do bibliotecário enquanto mediador literário: análise nos currículos dos cursos de graduação em Biblioteconomia no Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Sousa Laiana Ferreira de , Feitoza Rayan Aramís De Brito
Published: June 2018

Introdução: Discute a importância da formação de competências leitoras do bibliotecário no âmbito pessoal e profissional, para constituição deste profissional enquanto mediador da leitura e formador do sujeito-leitor no âmbito das bibliotecas. Objetivo: Identificar as disciplinas que abordam a temática leitura sob a ótica da responsabilidade social do bibliotecário enquanto mediador literário, por meio dos currículos dos cursos de Biblioteconomia da região Nordeste do Brasil. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, e de abordagem qualiquantitativa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada via web, através da recuperação dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso (PPC) e das matrizes curriculares dos cursos. Posteriormente, realizou-se um mapeamento dos componentes curriculares que versam sobre a temática da leitura nas disciplinas dos cursos de biblioteconomia no Nordeste. A análise envolveu as disciplinas obrigatórias oferecidas pelo universo das nove Universidades Federais da Região que ministram o curso de Biblioteconomia. Resultados: Após o mapeamento e identificação das disciplinas obrigatórias com temáticas sobre leitura no âmbito da responsabilidade social do bibliotecário mediador, tivemos um número de seis Instituições Federais, destacando-se os cursos de Biblioteconomia. Conclusão: A pesquisa evidenciou que a formação do bibliotecário ainda é pouco voltada para capacitar profissionais para interagir com as ações de mediação de leitura, formação e promoção de leitura no âmbito social. A grande maioria das IES ofertam no máximo duas disciplinas obrigatórias, as quais apresentam questões voltadas para a práxis da leitura na formação do bibliotecário.
Aspiration and Injection Techniques of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Chiodo Christopher P. , Logan Catherine , Blauwet Cheri A.
Published: June 2018

Orthopaedic surgeons frequently use aspirations and injections to both diagnose and treat disorders of the lower extremity. Comprehensive knowledge of regional anatomy, procedural indications, and appropriate techniques are essential. Clinicians must be well versed in a range of musculoskeletal aspiration and injection techniques, including patient positioning, equipment needs, injectable solutions, aspirate analysis, and potential complications. Safe and effective aspiration and injection techniques for the lower extremity, including the hip, knee, foot, and ankle, are reviewed. Image guidance modalities include fluoroscopy, ultrasonography, CT, and MRI.
The New Age Movement in South Korea
Authors: Woo Hairan ,   Academic Publishing
Published: June 2018

The New Age movement—i.e., non-mainstream and non-institutionalized religious/spiritual culture—is widespread across Asian countries, especially in advanced industrial societies and urban areas. Even though it has often been said that New Age is a global phenomenon, in non-western societies, only a small circle of scholars engages in research in this field. As a result, the New Age movement in South Korea is an area that is barely known about among foreign scholars. This paper presents an overview, delineating the historical development of New Age in South Korea and examining its sociocultural background. At the same time, the key components of Korean New Age will be identified. This dualistic approach—both diachronic and synchronic—will enable a more complex picture of Korean New Age to emerge.
Value and Violation
Authors: De Lissovoy Noah ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2018

While the decolonial turn calls into question the broad structure of Western knowledge projects, it also suggests an investigation of the central objects and categories of these projects. This study undertakes this latter investigation in relation to Marxist theory. Starting from the work of Frantz Fanon and contemporary theorists of coloniality, I consider three central figures in the Marxian critique of capital: enclosure, valorization, and real subsumption. Interrogating familiar and heterodox accounts of these figures, my analysis exposes an architecture of injury that comprehends the structure of value and that articulates a process of extended violation working beyond the dialectic.
LE PARTAGE DES RESPONSABILITÉS PARENTALES APRÈS UNE RUPTURE : RÔLE ET LIMITES DU DROIT
Authors: GIROUX Michelle
Published: June 2018

Ce texte traite du partage des responsabilités parentales après une rupture, à la lumière de la Convention des Nations Unies relative aux droits de l’enfant. En utilisant l’exemple canadien, c’est-à-dire le droit civil québécois et la Loi sur le divorce, l’auteure traite du rôle et des limites du droit en cette matière de droit familial. Elle avance que le choix du modèle législatif est primordial pour favoriser l’idéal de partage des responsabilités parentales. À cet égard, le droit a une force symbolique indéniable. Toutefois, il a aussi ses limites. Le Code civil du Québec présente un modèle d’exercice conjoint de l’autorité parentale plus rapproché de l’idéal de partage égalitaire des responsabilités parentales que celui de l’actuelle Loi sur le divorce. Cependant, dans les faits, il n’est pas beaucoup plus effectif. En effet, il existe un écart entre l’idéal visé par la règle de droit et sa concrétisation dans les pratiques sociales. Il faut donc chercher ailleurs que dans le droit les moyens d’améliorer, dans les faits, le partage des responsabilités des parents à l’égard de leurs enfants.
COMMENTAIRES RELATIFS AUX PRINCIPALES RÈGLES RÉGISSANT LA TRANSITION DES SOCIÉTÉS CIVILES, DES SOCIÉTÉS EN NOM COLLECTIF ET DES SOCIÉTÉS EN COMMANDITE DU CODE CIVIL DU BAS CANADA AU CODE CIVIL DU QUÉBEC
Authors: Labrecque Marc-André
Published: June 2018

L’effet de l’application du régime transitoire sur le statut juridique des sociétés existantes crée beaucoup de confusion ainsi qu’une certaine insécurité dans le milieu économique, mais surtout dans la communauté juridique.

L’article 115 de la Loi sur l’application de la réforme du Code civil régit la transition des sociétés civiles de l’ancien au nouveau Code.

Cet article a d’abord transformé les sociétés civiles existantes le 1er janvier 1994 en sociétés en nom collectif. Il les a obligé ensuite à se déclarer, entre le 1er janvier 1994 et le 1er janvier 1995, en vertu de la Loi sur la publicité légale des entreprises, des sociétés et des personnes morales.

Celles qui se sont conformées à cette obligation dans le délai prévu par la loi ont conservé leur forme juridique. Les autres sont devenues des sociétés en participation, en plus d’être passibles des sanctions pénales prévues par la Loi sur la publicité légale.

L’article 118 de la Loi d’application réglemente le passage des sociétés en nom collectif ou en commandite de l’ancien au nouveau système.

Il prévoit que celles qui étaient en défaut de se déclarer en vertu du Code civil du Bas Canada et de la Loi sur les déclarations des compagnies et sociétés, deviennent des sociétés en participation, à défaut de s’immatriculer conformément à la Loi sur la publicité légale entre le 1er janvier 1994 et le 1er janvier 1995.

À l’opposé, celles qui s’étaient conformées à l’obligation de publicité légale imposée par le droit antérieur conservent leur forme juridique, même si elles se déclarent après le 1er janvier 1995. Elles sont cependant passibles des sanctions pénales établies par la Loi sur la publicité légale.

La compréhension du régime transitoire applicable aux sociétés de personnes qui existaient lors de l’entrée en vigueur du Code civil du Québec nécessite une vision globale des règles pertinentes.

L’incertitude et la confusion découlant de l’interprétation des articles 115 et 118 de la Loi d’application ont été amplifiées par un jugement rendu par la Cour supérieure en 1998.
Derecho inteligente || Smart Law
Authors: Martínez García Jesús Ignacio
Published: June 2018

RESUMEN: El derecho constituye una de las formas de inteligencia más necesarias y potentes, de la que depende el futuro de la humanidad. Es preciso conectar el pensamiento jurídico con el debate contemporáneo sobre la inteligencia. Se propone un enfoque integrador que abarca tanto la inteligencia artificial como la inteligencia institucional y la inteligencia emocional. Necesitamos juristas inteligentes, con nuevas formas de pensamiento, preparados para manejar un derecho que responde cada vez más a una dinámica de red. Conceptos clave de la racionalidad jurídica aparecen como componentes de la inteligencia. Las sociedades inteligentes dependen de sistemas inteligentes y las instituciones se presentan como objetos inteligentes. El derecho está modulando nuestro mundo mental y nuestra sensibilidad

 

ABSTRACT: Law is one of the most necessary and powerful types of intelligence. The future of humanity depends on it. We should connect legal thinking with the actual discussion on intelligence. This article presents an integrative approach that embraces both artificial, institutional and emotional intelligence. We need smart jurists, provided with new forms of thinking and trained to manage a law working increasingly as a net. Key concepts of legal rationality are components of intelligence. Smart societies depend on smart systems. Institutions appear as smart entities. Law modulates our mental world and our sensibility.
Llano Alonso. Fernando. H., El gobierno de la razón: la filosofía jurídico-política de Marco Tulio Cicerón, Pamplona, Cizur Menor Thomson Reuters Aranzadi, 2017, 201 pp
Authors: Sánchez Hidalgo Adolfo Jorge
Published: June 2018

Recensión de la obra
Osteohistology of Late Triassic prozostrodontian cynodonts from Brazil
Authors: Botha-Brink Jennifer , Bento Soares Marina , Martinelli Agustín G.
Published: June 2018

The Prozostrodontia includes a group of Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous eucynodonts plus the clade Mammaliaformes, in which Mammalia is nested. Analysing their growth patterns is thus important for understanding the evolution of mammalian life histories. Obtaining material for osteohistological analysis is difficult due to the rare and delicate nature of most of the prozostrodontian taxa, much of which comprises mostly of crania or sometimes even only teeth. Here we present a rare opportunity to observe the osteohistology of several postcranial elements of the basal prozostrodontidProzostrodon brasiliensis, the tritheledontidIrajatherium hernandezi, and the brasilodontidsBrasilodon quadrangularisandBrasilitherium riograndensisfrom the Late Triassic of Brazil (Santa Maria Supersequence).ProzostrodonandIrajatheriumreveal similar growth patterns of rapid early growth with annual interruptions later in ontogeny. These interruptions are associated with wide zones of slow growing bone tissue.BrasilodonandBrasilitheriumexhibit a mixture of woven-fibered bone tissue and slower growing parallel-fibered and lamellar bone. The slower growing bone tissues are present even during early ontogeny. The relatively slower growth inBrasilodonandBrasilitheriummay be related to their small body size compared toProzostrodonandIrajatherium.These brasilodontids also exhibit osteohistological similarities with the Late Triassic/Early Jurassic mammaliaformMorganucodonand the Late Cretaceous multituberculate mammalsKryptobaatarandNemegtbaatar.This may be due to similar small body sizes, but may also reflect their close phylogenetic affinities asBrasilodonandBrasilitheriumare the closest relatives to Mammaliaformes. However, when compared with similar-sized extant placental mammals, they may have grown more slowly to adult size as their osteohistology shows it took more than one year for growth to attenuate. Thus, although they exhibit rapid juvenile growth, the small derived, brasilodontid prozostrodontians still exhibit an extended growth period compared to similar-sized extant mammals.
Pathway analysis identifies altered mitochondrial metabolism, neurotransmission, structural pathways and complement cascade in retina/RPE/ choroid in chick model of form-deprivation myopia
Authors: Giummarra Loretta , Crewther Sheila G. , Riddell Nina , Murphy Melanie J. , Crewther David P.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

RNA sequencing analysis has demonstrated bidirectional changes in metabolism, structural and immune pathways during early induction of defocus induced myopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether similar gene pathways are also related to the more excessive axial growth, ultrastructural and elemental microanalytic changes seen during the induction and recovery from form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in chicks and predicted by the RIDE model of myopia.

Methods

Archived genomic transcriptome data from the first three days of induction of monocularly occluded form deprived myopia (FDMI) in chicks was obtained from the GEO database (accession # GSE6543) while data from chicks monocularly occluded for 10 days and then given up to 24 h of normal visual recovery (FDMR) were collected. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) software was used to determine enriched pathways during the induction (FDMI) and recovery (FDMR) from FD. Curated gene-sets were obtained from open access sources.

Results

Clusters of significant changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism, neurotransmission, ion channel transport, G protein coupled receptor signalling, complement cascades and neuron structure and growth were identified during the 10 days of induction of profound myopia and were found to correlate well with change in axial dimensions. Bile acid and bile salt metabolism pathways (cholesterol/lipid metabolism and sodium channel activation) were significantly upregulated during the first 24 h of recovery from 10 days of FDM.

Conclusions

The gene pathways altered during induction of FDM are similar to those reported in defocus induced myopia and are established indicators of oxidative stress, osmoregulatory and associated structural changes. These findings are also consistent with the choroidal thinning, axial elongation and hyperosmotic ion distribution patterns across the retina and choroid previously reported in FDM and predicted by RIDE.
Seasonal dynamics of terrestrial vertebrate abundance between Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests
Authors: Costa Hugo C.M. , Peres Carlos A. , Abrahams Mark I.
Published: June 2018

The flood pulse is the main factor structuring and differentiating the ecological communities of Amazonian unflooded (terra firme) and seasonally-flooded (várzea) forests as they require unique adaptations to survive the prolonged annual floods. Therefore,várzeaandterra firmeforests hammer out a spatio-temporal mosaic of resource availability, which may result in landscape scale seasonal movements of terrestrial vertebrates between adjacent forest types. Yet the lateral movements of terrestrial vertebrates between hydrologically distinct neighbouring forest types exhibiting staggered resource availability remains poorly understood, despite the important implications of this spatial dynamic for the ecology and conservation of forest wildlife. We examined the hypothesis of terrestrial fauna seasonal movements between two adjacent forest types at two contiguous sustainable-use forest reserves in Western Brazilian Amazonia. We used camera trapping data on the overall species richness, composition, and abundance of nine major vertebrate trophic guilds to infer on terrestrial vertebrate movements as a function of seasonal changes in floodplain water level. Species richness differed in neighboringterra firmeforests between the high-and low-water phases of the flood pulse andterra firmeforests were more species rich thanvárzeaforests. There were clear differences in species composition between both forest types and seasons. Generalized Linear Models showed that water level was the main factor explaining aggregate abundance of all species and three trophic guilds. Our results indicate that the persistence of viable populations of large terrestrial vertebrates adjacent to major Amazonian rivers requires large, well-connected forest landscapes encompassing different forest types to ensure large-scale lateral movements by forest wildlife.
The effect of biochar amendments on phenanthrene sorption, desorption and mineralisation in different soils
Authors: Moreno Jiménez Eduardo , Aceña-Heras Sara , Frišták Vladimír , Heinze Stefanie , Marschner Bernd
Published: June 2018

The contamination of soils and waters with organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), affect a large number of sites worldwide that need remediation. In this context soils amendments can be used to immobilise PAHs while maintaining soil functioning, with biochar being a promising amendment. In this experiment, phenantrene (Phe) was used as a frequent PAH contaminating soils and we studied the effect of three biochars at 1% applications to three different substrates, two agricultural topsoils and pure sand. We evaluated the changes in soil properties, sorption-desorption of Phe, and mineralisation of Phe in all treatments. Phe in pure sand was effectively sorbed to olive pruning (OBC) and rice husk (RBC) biochars, but pine biochar (PBC) was not as effective. In the soils, OBC and RBC only increased sorption of Phe in the silty soil. Desorption was affected by biochar application, RBC and OBC decreased water soluble Phe independently of the soil, which may be useful in preventing leaching of Phe into natural waters. Contrastingly, OBC and RBC slightly decreased the mineralisation of Phe in the soils, thus indicating lower bioavailability of the contaminant. Overall, biochar effects in the two tested soils were low, most likely due to the rather high soil organic C (SOC) contents of 2.2 and 2.8% with Koc values in the same range as those of the biochars. However, OBC and RBC additions can substantially increase adsorption of Phe in soils poor in SOC.
C1q/TNF‐related peptide 8 (CTRP8) promotes temozolomide resistance in human glioblastoma
Authors: Thanasupawat Thatchawan , Glogowska Aleksandra , Burg Maxwell , Krcek Jerry , Beiko Jason , Pitz Marshall , Zhang Guo‐Jun , Hombach‐Klonisch Sabine , Klonisch Thomas
Published: June 2018

The C1q/TNF‐related peptide 8 (CTRP8) has recently emerged as a novel ligand of the G protein‐coupled receptor RXFP1 in the fatal brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM). We previously demonstrated that the CTRP8‐RXFP1 ligand–receptor system promotes motility and matrix invasion of patient GBM and U87 MG cells by specific phosphorylation of PI3 kinase and protein kinase C. Here, we demonstrate a novel role for CTRP8 in protecting human GBM cells against the DNA alkylating damage of temozolomide (TMZ), the standard chemotherapy drug used to treat GBM. This DNA protective role of CTRP8 required a functional RXFP1‐STAT3 signaling cascade in GBM cells. We identified N‐methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG), a monofunctional glycosylase that initiates base excision repair pathway by generating an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site, as a new CTRP8‐RXFP1‐STAT3 target in GBM. Upon TMZ exposure, treatment with CTRP8 reduced the formation of AP sites and double‐strand DNA breaks in GBM cells. This CTRP8 effect was independent of cellular MGMT levels and was associated with decreased caspase 3/7 activity and increased survival of human GBM. CTRP8‐induced RXFP1 activation caused an increase in cellular protein levels of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl members and STAT3 targets Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL in human GBM. Collectively, our results demonstrate a novel multipronged and clinically relevant mechanism by which the CTRP8‐RXFP1 ligand–receptor system exerts a DNA protective function against TMZ chemotherapeutic stress in GBM. This CTRP8‐RXFP1‐STAT3 axis is a novel determinant of TMZ responsiveness/chemoresistance and an emerging new drug target for improved treatment of human GBM.
Responsibility for Structural Injustice
Authors: McKeown Maeve
Published: June 2018

On Iris Marion Young's “social connection model” of responsibility, individuals bear political responsibility to collectively organize against structural injustices to which they are connected. After situating Young's theory in relation to the global distributive justice and global poverty debates, I ask: what is ‘structural injustice”? What does “connection” to injustice consist of and why does it matter? How does the social connection model of responsibility differ from standard conceptions of responsibility? And what is “political responsibility”?
Highly Polarized and Fast Photoresponse of Black Phosphorus‐InSe Vertical p–n Heterojunctions
Authors: Zhao Siwen , Wu Junchi , Jin Ke , Ding Huaiyi , Li Taishen , Wu Changzheng , Pan Nan , Wang Xiaoping
Published: June 2018

The van der Waals heterojunctions of 2D materials offer tremendous opportunities in designing and investigating multifunctional and high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, a vertical p–n diode is constructed by vertically stacking p‐type few‐layer black phosphorus (BP) on n‐type few‐layer indium selenide (InSe). The photodetector based on the heterojunction displays a broadband and gate‐modulated photoresponse under illumination. More importantly, by taking advantage of the strong linear dichroism of BP, the device demonstrates a highly polarization‐sensitive photocurrent with an anisotropy ratio as high as 0.83. Additionally, the device can function in a zero‐bias photovoltaic mode, enabling a fast photoresponse and low dark current. The external quantum efficiency can reach ≈3%, which is impressive for BP‐based devices. The results pave the way for the implementation of p‐BP/n‐InSe heterostructure as a promising candidate for future multifunctional optoelectronics and, especially, polarization‐sensitive applications.
Homojunction of Oxygen and Titanium Vacancies and its Interfacial n–p Effect
Authors: Wu Si‐Ming , Liu Xiao‐Long , Lian Xi‐Liang , Tian Ge , Janiak Christoph , Zhang Yue‐Xing , Lu Yi , Yu Hao‐Zheng , Hu Jie , Wei Hao , Zhao Heng , Chang Gang‐Gang , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Wang Li‐Ying , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Su Bao‐Lian
Published: June 2018

The homojunction of oxygen/metal vacancies and its interfacial n–p effect on the physiochemical properties are rarely reported. Interfacial n–p homojunctions of TiO2 are fabricated by directly decorating interfacial p‐type titanium‐defected TiO2 around n‐type oxygen‐defected TiO2 nanocrystals in amorphous–anatase homogeneous nanostructures. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations on the cell lattice parameters show that the homojunction of oxygen and titanium vacancies changes the charge density of TiO2; a strong EPR signal caused by oxygen vacancies and an unreported strong titanium vacancies signal of 2D 1H TQ‐SQ MAS NMR are present. Amorphous–anatase TiO2 shows significant performance regarding the photogeneration current, photocatalysis, and energy storage, owing to interfacial n‐type to p‐type conductivity with high charge mobility and less structural confinement of amorphous clusters. A new “homojunction of oxygen and titanium vacancies” concept, characteristics, and mechanism are proposed at an atomic‐/nanoscale to clarify the generation of oxygen vacancies and titanium vacancies as well as the interface electron transfer.
A Straightforward Access to Stable β‐Functionalized Alkyl Selenols
Authors: Tanini Damiano , Tiberi Caterina , Gellini Cristina , Salvi Pier Remigio , Capperucci Antonella
Published: June 2018

Treatment of epoxides with bis(trimethylsilyl)‐selenide under strictly controlled conditions allows to isolate β‐hydroxy selenols which evidence an unexpected stability, taking into account their known propensity to afford diselenides. Also thiiranes and aziridines lead to functionalized selenols bearing a thiol and a N‐Ts‐ or N‐Boc‐protected amino moiety on β‐position. These selenols were stable enough to react with different electrophiles. Ab‐initio DF calculations on two suitable model systems, n‐propyl selenol and β‐hydroxy derivative, allow to ascribe the observed low tendency to oxidation to noncovalent interactions between the selenol moiety and the −OH group.

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