bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of a horizontal well in a bounded anisotropic reservoir: Part I: Mathematical analysis
Authors: Nzomo Timothy Kitungu , Adewole Stephen Ezizanami , Awuor Kennedy Otieno , Okang’a Oyoo Daniel
Published: February 2022

To enhance the productivity of horizontal wells, it is of necessity to ensure that they perform optimally. This requires an understanding of how the reservoir’s geometry, anisotropy and well design affect the pressure response. Mathematical formulations can be used to simulate pressure response in the wellbore and the data obtained can be analysed to obtain well and reservoir parameters that can aid performance and evaluation. In this study, a mathematical model that can be used to approximate pressure response in a horizontal well is formulated, and a detailed mathematical analysis that can be used to obtain well and reservoir parameters are provided. A horizontal well inside a rectangular drainage volume with sealed boundaries is considered and the effect of each boundary on pressure throughout its productive life is studied. In the analysis, investigations on how the reservoir parameters can be approximated over a given period of production are conducted. This is achieved by identification of the appropriate source and Green’s functions. These source functions allow us to formulate a mathematical model for dimensionless pressure. Considering the diagnostic plots for both dimensionless pressure and dimensionless pressure derivative, mathematical analysis studies the possible behaviour of the plots. Analysis indicates that the reservoir anisotropy can be approximated during the infinite-acting flow at early times when other parameters are known. Further, when the first boundary is felt, in this case the vertical boundary, the horizontal permeability can be approximated during the transition flow periods at middle times. Finally, at late times when all the boundaries have been felt and a pseudosteady state flow is evident, reservoir dimensions can be approximated. These results can significantly improve well test analysis and enhance the performance evaluation of a horizontal well.
Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy: the potential for nano- and interface science
Authors: Pennycook S. J. , Lupini A. R. , Kadavanich A. , McBride J. R. , Rosenthal S. J. , Puetter R. C. , Yahil A. , Krivanek O. L. , Dellby N. , Nellist P.D.L. , Duscher G. , Wang L. G. , Pantelides S. T.
Published: February 2022

The sub-Ångström probe of an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope will enable imaging and analysis of nanostructures and interfaces with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. In conjunction with first-principles theory, new insights are anticipated into the atomistic processes of growth and the subtle link between structure and functionality. We present initial results from the aberration-corrected microscopes at Oak Ridge National Laboratory that indicate the kinds of studies that will become feasible in the near future. Examples include (1) the three-dimensional location and identification of individual dopant and impurity atoms in semiconductor interfaces, and their effect on local electronic structure; (2) the accurate reconstruction of surface atomic and electronic structure on nanocrystals, and the effect on optical properties; and (3) the ability to distinguish which configurations of catalyst atoms are active, and why.
Thermodynamic assessment of the miscibility gaps and the metastable liquidi in the Zn‐Bi, Zn‐Pb, and Zn‐Tl systems
Authors: Kim Sung S. , Sanders Thomas H.
Published: February 2022

In monotectic systems, there are thermodynamic restrictions on compositions and temperatures below the monotectic where the equilibrium solid cannot form directly from the undercooled homogeneous liquid. In this region, the solid can form only after liquid – liquid phase separation has occurred. As suggested by earlier research, the thermodynamic restrictions on the solidification process may be useful to control the microstructure of rapidly solidified materials. Thus, it could be commercially important to understand the thermodynamic limitations on the formation of the solid in monotectic systems. The liquid miscibility gaps, metastable liquidi, and spinodal curves in the binary Zn– Bi, Zn–Pb, and Zn–Tl systems were assessed by using a subregular solution model to describe the Gibbs energies of the liquid phases. The present results were compared and discussed with other experimental and assessed data available in the literature.
Amplitude-dependent internal friction of dislocation interactions in dual-phase steel
Authors: De A. K. , Waterschoot T. , Cooman B. C. De
Published: February 2022

Dislocation interactions in the ferrite matrix of a dual-phase steel have been studied as a function of martensite volume fraction (11 – 25%) and tensile straining (0 –5 %) by strain-induced amplitude-dependent (strain amplitude varying from 10– 7 to 10 –4) internal friction measurements at room temperature, using a high-frequency composite oscillator (40 kHz). Results showed that a higher volume fraction of martensite increases the internal stress in the softer ferrite matrix and restricted the dislocation motions, giving rise to a lower amplitude-dependent internal friction. Application of tensile straining further shortened the effective mobile dislocation length which was revealed by the internal friction measurements and this resulted in a high initial strain hardening rate of the high-martensite samples. Reduction in the martensite volume fraction and the mobile dislocations in the ferrite matrix through process control resulted in an increase in the amplitude-dependent internal friction, indicating a longer effective mobile length of dislocations which, in turn, delayed early necking of the dual-phase samples during tensile straining.
Resistometric and calorimetric analysis of phase transformations in AuCu alloys
Authors: Battezzati L. , Barbero S. , Belotti M. , Riontino G.
Published: February 2022

The order – disorder transitions in AuCu alloys have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and resistometric methods. We have collected data with different sets of samples of equiatomic composition, the structure of which was determined by X-ray diffraction. Grain growth occurs mostly below 300 °C either in rolled and nanocrystalline samples. The occurrence of ordering does not depend on the grain size, but ordering is favoured by high defect contents in the alloy. The shape of heat flow traces provide evidence that ordering and disordering transitions are diffusive at low temperature (below 385 °C) being exothermic and endothermic, respectively, in wide temperature ranges. The transition from AuCuI to AuCuII changes the mechanism above 385 °C. The transition from AuCuII to face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution is of first order. The reverse transition from the fcc structure to AuCuI occurs by nucleation and growth on continuous cooling.
Wear behaviour of C/C–SiC composites sliding against high-Cr steel discs
Authors: Srivastava V.K.
Published: February 2022

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the wear behaviour of cross-ply carbon– carbon – silicon carbide composites (C/CαSiC) under dry sliding against a chromium steel disc at various speeds and loads. Results indicated that under identical conditions, C/C– SiC composites with weak fibre resin interfaces at all times had a larger weight loss than those with a strong bond. In the first few minutes of wear, weight losses were approximately the same for both types of composites. Also, the wear rates of both the composites decreased sharply with sliding distance up to 7 km, and then gradually tended to become constant. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the graphite film was transferred on the test pin side, which stabilizes the increase in test pin temperature after the formation of a thick film of graphite debris.
Ermittlung von Grenzformänderungskurven an laser- und elektronenstrahlgeschweißten Stahlblechplatinen
Authors: Bleck Wolfgang , Budak Irfan , Dahl Winfried , Kaluza Walter
Published: February 2022

Für den Karosserieleichtbau wurden in den letzten Jahren erfolgreich verschiedene Gruppen von höherfesten, kaltgewalzten Stählen entwickelt. Neben dieser Werkstoffentwicklung wurden auch neue Leichtbaukonzepte erarbeitet, wie zum Beispiel maßgeschneiderte, geschweißte Platinen (so genannte Tailored Blanks). Diese Platinen, die aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen und/oder aus Feinblechen mit unterschiedlichen Blechdicken zusammengesetzt sind, werden in dieser Arbeit bezüglich ihrer Umformbarkeit bewertet. Dazu werden Grenzformänderungskurven experimentell ermittelt und mit einem Finite-Elemente-Modell berechnet. Es zeigt sich, dass das Versagensverhalten durch die Ausbildung sowie durch die Position der Schweißnaht während des Umformversuchs beeinflusst wird. Dabei ist die Breite der Schweißnaht eine wichtigere Einflussgröße als die lokale Aufhärtung.
Isothermal high-temperature fatigue behaviour of a near-γ titanium aluminide alloy
Authors: Christ Hans-Jürgen , Fischer Frank O. R. , Schallow Patric
Published: February 2022

The high-temperature fatigue behaviour of smooth cylindrical specimens of a near-γ-TiAl alloy with duplex microstructure was studied performing total-strain-controlled low-cycle-fatigue tests in the temperature range 500 – 750 °C. The tests were run in air and high vacuum. Mean stress, environmental degradation (oxygen- and hydrogen-induced embrittlement) and plastic strain range were identified to be the most significant parameters affecting damage evolution. The cyclic stress– strain response was found to depend strongly and characteristically on temperature. Below the brittle-to-ductile-transition temperature (TBD) of about 650 °C, cyclic deformation leads to a pronounced initial hardening manifesting itself in an increase of stress amplitude and a decrease of plastic strain range. Conversely, cyclic deformation curves from tests performed aboveTBDshow a marked state of saturation which is established already after few cycles. With increasing temperature, fatigue life decreases in vacuum. However, testing in air not only decreases fatigue life tremendously as compared to vacuum, but also leads to an inverse temperature effect, i. e., the number of cycles to failure increases with temperature.
Isothermal strain-controlled quasi-static and cyclic deformation behavior of magnesium wrought alloy AZ31
Authors: Noster Ulf , Scholtes Berthold
Published: February 2022

The low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue behavior of the Mg-base wrought alloy AZ31 is investigated in the temperature range 20– 300 °C using total-strain-controlled push – pull tests. It is shown that the mechanical properties of the material are substantially influenced by the direction dependent formation of deformation twins and resulting deformation asymmetry. As a consequence tensile mean stresses develop during total-strain-controlled fatigue tests without mean strain.
TEM study of the dislocation structure at the transition from discontinuous to viscous glide in Cu–Al and Cu–Mn alloys at elevated temperatures
Authors: Flor Stephan , Nortmann Ansgar , Dierke Hanno , Neuhäuser Hartmut
Published: February 2022

The dislocation structures developed during plastic deformation in the regimes of discontinuous glide (Portevin – Le-Chatelier effect, PLC) as well as viscous glide at elevated temperatures (600 – 800 K) have been studied by transmission electron microscopy in polycrystals of Cu-5Al, Cu-10Al, Cu-15Al and Cu-4.1Mn alloys (at.%). Discontinuous glide is characterized by correlated dislocation movement in few active slip planes due to breakaway of aged and rapid multiplication of fresh dislocations, while beyond the transition, when solute diffusion is fast enough to continuously reconstitute the solute cloud during dislocation motion, a homogeneous distribution of smoothly moving dislocations is observed in all alloys. Owing to the decrease of stacking-fault energy and increase of short-range order in the Cu–Al alloys a change from cell structure (Cu-5Al) to planar slip (Cu-10Al and Cu-15Al) occurs in the discontinuous glide regime; in the Cu-4.1Mn alloy with a stacking-fault energy like Cu and negligible short-range order, development of cells prevails also during discontinuous glide. The observations are discussed in terms of current views on deformation in the PLC regime.
Application of electron backscatter diffraction in the SEM to textural problems of coated high-temperature superconductors
Authors: Obst Bernhard , Nast Rainer , Schlachter Sonja , de Boer Bernd , Holzapfel Bernhard , Nemetschek Ralf , Prusseit Werner
Published: February 2022

YBa2Cu3O7– δ (YBCO) is a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) with unique characteristics for use in electrical engineering. The structure and the transport properties of the cuprate superconductor are reviewed. The key issues in HTS wire technology, viz. texture tailoring and grain boundary engineering of the polycrystalline material to be used in technical devices, are discussed. A production route is described to fabricate long lengths of highly aligned YBCO films on cube-textured nickel and nickel alloy substrates. Electron backscatter diffraction in the scanning electron microscope is used to control the process → texture relationship in developing the sheet material as well as the epitaxy and phase stability of the YBCO film.
Microstructure, surface topography and mechanical properties of slip cast and powder injection moulded microspecimens made of zirconia
Authors: Auhorn M. , Kasanická B. , Beck T. , Schulze V. , Löhe D.
Published: February 2022

Investigations on ceramic microspecimens made of Y2O3- stabilized ZrO2 produced by slip casting or micro powder injection moulding are introduced. During the production of the microspecimens, feedstocks and sintering conditions were varied. Differently moulded specimens were examined with respect to their microstructure and surface topography using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal white light microscopy. Additionally, the mechanical characteristics were investigated by three-point bending tests using a micro universal testing device. The statistical analysis was realised by means of the Weibull theory and interpreted by the aid of SEM images of fracture surfaces. This research allowed to understand correlations between different feedstocks used, process parameters like the sintering conditions applied and the resulting characteristics as well as material properties of the microspecimens. These results could be used to improve the production process.
Tailoring nanocrystalline materials towards potential applications
Authors: Klassen T. , Bohn R. , Fanta G. , Oelerich W. , Eigen N. , Gärtner F. , Aust E. , Bormann R. , Kreye H.
Published: February 2022

The high interface area in nanocrystalline materials leads to advanced structural and functional properties that are interesting for a variety of applications and products. Three distinct examples for potential applications are given: Nanocrystalline and submicron-sized light-weight intermetallics based on γ-TiAl exhibiting favourable deformation behaviour at reduced temperatures, nanocrystalline cermet coatings produced by thermal spray process exhibiting improved hardness and wear resistance, and nanocrystalline Mg hydride-based composites for hydrogen storage in future mobile applications exhibiting extremely high, reversible storage capacity and fast kinetics.
Nanoskalige Schutzschichten für hochbeanspruchte Werkzeuge und Bauteile
Authors: Holleck H. , Leiste H. , Stüber M. , Ulrich S.
Published: February 2022

Nanoskalige Schichten für tribologische Anwendungen können unterteilt werden in nanostrukturierte Viellagenschichten, nanomodulierte Übergitterschichten, nanokristalline metastabile Schichten, nanostabilisierte Ein- und Mehrlagenschichten sowie nanogradierte Filme. Grenzflächenanteile, Korngröße, Einzellagendicke, Grenzflächenenergie, Textur, und Spannungsverteilung sind neben der Stoffauswahl und Herstellungstechnologie maßgebend für Eigenschaften und Verhalten dieser Schutzschichten. Durch ein funktionales und strukturelles Design können so maßgeschneiderte Schichten für hochbeanspruchte Werkzeuge und Bauteile erhalten werden. Durch Einfrieren metastabiler Zustände bei der Gasphasenabscheidung erhält man neuartige Filmmaterialien mit multifunktionalen Eigenschaften. Eine thermodynamische und kinetische Modellierung des Stoffsystems und der Abscheideparameter ergibt hierbei die Möglichkeit, Schichten in Bezug auf Konstitution, Eigenschaften und Verhalten gezielt zu optimieren. Verschiedene nanoskalige Schichtverbunde und Verbundkonzepte, die in jüngster Zeit entwickelt bzw. hergestellt wurden, werden beschrieben und diskutiert.
From atomistics to macro-behavior: structural superplasticity in micro- and nano-crystalline materials
Authors: Padmanabhan K. A.
Published: February 2022

Over a period of time, what started off as a phenomenological analysis for structural superplasticity in micro-grained materials has been developed into a mechanistic model and later extended to explain the quasi-viscous deformation of nanostructured materials. Regardless of the number of grain sizes, temperatures and stresses employed in the stress–grain size–temperature–strain rate space, it is now possible to account for the viscous deformation of structural superplastics and nanostructured materials in the optimal range (defined as the range from the slowest strain rate to the point of inflection on the sigmoidal log stress – log strain rate iso-thermal, iso-structural plot) with the help of 5 empirical constants. Of these, four constants can be calculated, in principle, ab initio.
Interface stress in nanocrystalline materials
Authors: Birringer R. , Hoffmann M. , Zimmer P.
Published: February 2022

Based on a generalization of a capillary equation for solids, we develop a method for measuring the absolute value of grain-boundary stress in polycrystalline samples having a large interface-to-volume ratio. The grain-boundary stress in nanocrystalline Pd is calculated from X-ray diffraction measurements of the average grain size and the residual-strain-free lattice spacings, yielding a value of 1.2 ± 0.1 N /m. The random distribution of crystallite orientations in the sample in conjunction with calorimetric data for the area-averaged interfacial energy and knowledge of the grain-boundary misorientation distribution function suggest that this value is characteristic of random high-angle grain boundaries in Pd.
Microstructure, frequency and localisation of pseudo-elastic fatigue strain in NiTi
Authors: Hornbogen E. , Heckmann A.
Published: February 2022

Fatigue is due to accumulation of undesired defects by repeated loading cycles. Classical fatigue leads to the formation of localised strain and nucleation and propagation of cracks. In shape memory alloys, there are additional fatigue phenomena: 1. Thermal cycling plays a role mainly for the two-way effect; 2. Pseudo-elastic fatigue can precede classical fatigue. Pseudo-elastic fatigue consists in deterioration of the hysteresis and consequently the loss of damping ability and transformability. It is related to the localisation of the martensitic transformation reaction.
Nanoceramics by chemical vapour synthesis
Authors: Winterer Markus , Hahn Horst
Published: February 2022

The synthesis of nanoparticles and nanopowders is in principle not difficult. Consequently, various methods on a laboratory and industrial scale have been developed in the last century. However, in the last decades it became obvious that the control of synthesis and processing is required to develop nanocrystalline materials with novel functional properties leading to specific applications. The potential of nanostructures was recognized through the pioneering work of Gleiter in the early 80’s [1]. In this review, we show that chemical vapour synthesis allows the production of nanostructured materials with tailored microstructures and properties.
Simulations of the inert gas condensation processes
Authors: Krasnochtchekov Pavel , Albe K. , Averback R. S.
Published: February 2022

Inert gas condensation of metallic and covalently bonded nanoparticles has been investigated using molecular-dynamics computer simulations. Using Ge as an example, the different phases of particle growth, nucleation, monomeric growth, and cluster aggregation, have been identified and the kinetics of each described. In addition, the evolutions of the morphologies of the different types of nanoparticles have been studied. It is shown that while covalently bonded nanoparticles tend toward a ramified structure, metallic nanoparticles remain compact, owing to deformation in the crystallized state. Finally, the strong influence of surface segregation on the structure of alloy nanoparticles is illustrated using a model system.
Structure relations in the family of the solid solution Hf
x
Zr1−x
O2
Authors: Nentwich Melanie
Published: February 2022

Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Hf
x
Zr1−x
O2 is a potentially ferroelectric material with great perspectives in semiconductor applications, due to its compatibility with silicon technologies and its low toxicity. Despite its chemical simplicity, the solid solution Hf
x
Zr1−x
O2 comprises a large variety of different phases. We compiled a complete list of experimentally and theoretically reported Hf
x
Zr1−x
O2 structures. All of them are symmetrically related to the common aristotype with Fluorite type structure. The symmetry relationships between those structures have been determined and are presented in a Bärnighausen-like tree. Interestingly, not all symmetry reductions follow the conventional group-subgroup relations and involve severe atomic shifts. Further, the structures were compared to each other in detail regarding the dimensionality of atomic shifts and the accompanied lattice distortions. Finally, the information provided by the Bärnighausen-like tree was used to transform the indices of a reflection before and after a phase transition. This conversion allows the study of (dis)appearing reflections during phase transitions.
Simultaneous Development of SCC of the head and BCC of the leg: Successful Surgical Approach in Bulgarian patient
Authors: Oliveira Dr Nikhil , Tchernev Prof Dr Georgi
Published: February 2022

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most common cutaneous malignancies, with an ever-increasing incidence rate worldwide [1]. Studies have shown an association between intermittent and chronic sunlight exposure and the development of BCC and SCC respectively [2]. UV radiation is a known carcinogen that can induce mutations in the p53 gene, known also as the guardian of the genome [3]. This can lead to persistent damage and failure to eliminate dysplastic cells as subsequent mechanisms like p21 and p16 activation fail to arrest cell cycle. Proapoptotic proteins such as BAK and BAX are also unable to activate programmed cell death, ultimately leading to the formation of precancerous lesions and NMSC [3, 4].
Subungual Osteochondroma: A Diagnosis to be remembered
Authors: Moreira Amorim Gustavo , Krause Carolina , da Silveira Bruna Garcia , Molozzi Bruna , Reuwsaat Paul Ingrid , Moreira Amorim Filho Roberto
Published: February 2022

We report a case of a 14-year-old male patient who came to our outpatient clinic to be evaluated from a recently developed painful hallux lesion, determining nail dystrophy. He had previously been treated with trichloroacetic acid for a supposed subungual common wart. After examining a firm and painful nodule, emerging from the nail bed, elevating the nail plate, we recommend an X-ray examination, confirming our suspicion of a subungual osteochondroma. The patient was referred to the orthopedist, a foot specialist, for surgical treatment. Keywords: Nail Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Exostosis;Osteochondroma; Osteochondroma / Diagnostic Imaging; Subungual
Nails Involvement in Winiwarter-Buerger Disease
Authors: M Starace , A Alessandrini , A Tosti , BM Piraccini
Published: February 2022

Buerger disease, or thromboangioiitis obliterans, is an inflammatory and occlusive process involving small and medium size arteries and veins, which generally affects the lower limbs of young adult male with the habit of smoking. Signs and symptoms are secondary to the inflammatory process and arterial occlusion which result in severe ischemia. Involvement of nails is not common but we found different clinical features which have not been previously reported in the Burger’s disease literature. Keywords: Winiwarter-Buerger Disease; Nail; Paronychia; Leukonychia; Erosion Nail Bed; Vascular Damage; Smoke.
Borderline Intermediate Thickness Cutaneous Melanoma Class B: Isn’t it Time for Personalised One Step Surgical Approach as Standard Clinical Behaviour?
Authors: LJ Kandathil , N Oliveira , JW Patterson , G Tchernev
Published: February 2022

We present a 40-year-old female who visited our clinic with a solitary lesion on the posterolateral aspect of the lower left leg (Figure 1a). She noticed a progressive change in the size and shape of the lesion and decided to consult a dermatologist in March 2021. The patient had a history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis that was well-controlled onlevothyroxine. No other comorbidities were reported and she was otherwise healthy. During the clinical examination a single pigmented patch measuring 2.5 cm in greatest diameter was identified. Morphologically the lesion was asymmetrical with irregular borders and uneven colour. At the centre, an exudative, ulcerated nodule was also noted (Figure1a-f). Clinical and dermatoscopic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of a superficial spreading cutaneous melanoma. Ultrasound diagnostics of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal organs showed no signs of tumor spread. Chest radiography was also within normal limits. Laboratory testing showed an elevated uric acid level of 456 μmol/l (reference range 142 - 340 μmol/l), but otherwise all other parameters were normal. Following the recommended American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) guidelines, we performed a primary resection with 0.5 cm margins in all directions. The resected tissue was subsequently sent for histopathological evaluation and confirmed the diagnosis of borderline intermediate thickness malignant melanoma - class B, 4 mm Breslow thickness, Clark IV, (pT4BN0M0) (Figure2a-d). There was high mitotic activity but no spontaneous regression, insignificant lymphocytic stromal reaction and clear resection margins. Post diagnostic workup, including chest and abdominal CT, showed no signs of metastatic dissemination. One week later, the patient was sent to the National Oncology Hospital for re-excision and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB). The re-excision of additional 2cm from the previous surgical scar was conducted in parallel with removal of the draining sentinel lymph node (Figures 3a & 3d). The closure of the defect after re-excision led to the unfortunate complication of wound dehiscence and failure to close successfully (Figure 3b-c). However, after several sessions of debridement, cleansing, rebandaging and administration of antibiotics, there was visible improvement with subsequent resolution(Figure 3d-f). Since that time, she has been in excellent condition, and no complications have been reported to date.
Nitrosamine (and /or Losartan/ Hydrochlorothiazide) Induced Pretibial Located Lentigo Maligna: First Reported Case in the World Literature
Authors: G Tchernev , N Oliveira , LJ Kandathil , S Milev
Published: February 2022

A 66-year-old Caucasian woman presented to the dermatology department with complaints of a pigmented lesion on the left shin. She first noticed the lesion in March 2020, several months prior to presentation but decided to seek medical advice after observing substantial growth in the size and shape of the lesion. She was diagnosed with type II arterial hypertension 6 years ago and was started losartan/hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg / 12.5mg half a tablet daily. The patient visits her general practitioner regularly and her hypertension is well controlled on these medications, had no other concomitant diseases and was relatively healthy for her age. No family history for dermatologic diseases was available. On dermatologic examination, a single superficially spreading pretibial lesion covering 1.8 cm wide and 1.2cm high was noted(Figure 1a). The light greyish-pink pigmented lesion was oval in shape with sharply demarcated borders and no elevation above the surrounding skin. Further laboratory work-up showed no signs of deviations. Based on the clinical and dermatoscopic evidence, the diagnosis of melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type was made. She was sent for treatment at a specialised hospital for oncological diseases in June 2020 where a surgical excision was performed under local anaesthesia with 0.5cm clear/ negative margins in all directions. The defect was thereafter closed using a full-thickness mesh graft taken from the abdominal region(Figure 1b). The excised tumour was subsequently sent for histological evaluation and was keeping with the clinicopathological diagnosis of lentigo maligna. Immunohistochemical analysis also identified S100 positive nests of cells within the basal lamina, confirming the diagnosis.Postsurgical wound healing with the skin graft was poor due to inadequate graft transplantation whereby necrotic as well as macerated areas were observed leadingto bad cosmetic results (Figure 1c-h).After a multidisciplinary review and follow up, a second operation was performed a month later to remove the necrotic, together with the hypertrophic tissue and a new split skin mesh graft was utilised. Stringent post-operative care, including prophylactic antibiotic therapy was also provided to promote good wound healing which was achieved several months later (Figure 1i).
Photo Skin Rejuvenation with IPL
Authors: Huacuja Aristides Arellano , Montalvo Dafne Arellano , Montalvo Anja Arellano
Published: February 2022

Photo aging is becoming increasingly interesting, as it causes, among other alterations, the appearance of wrinkles, pigmentation disorders and loss of normal skin tone. Exposure to sunlight is responsible for 80 to 90% of facial aging. Signs of photoaged skin include changes in skin color, dyschromia’s, lentigos, gradual appearance of telangiectasias (dilation of small blood vessels), as well as changes in skin texture such as loss of smoothness, keratotic appearance, early development and deepening of wrinkles.The aging of our skin is not only the result of the passage of time. It is also strongly influenced by external factors, such as weather conditions. The skin is made up of three layers: the epidermis, or outer layer, the dermis, or middle layer, and the subcutaneous tissue, or deep layer. The dermis contains collagen, elastin, and other fibers that make up the skin’s structure. These elements give the skin a smooth and youthful appearance, and these are those damaged by Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR). UVRs are made up of two different types of waves, UVA and UVB. When UV rays hit the skin, the melanocytes struggle to produce melanin to deposit in the epidermis. This is the process that gives you a tan, which is actually a defense reaction against radiation so that it does not penetrate the skin. UVB rays are shorter than UVA rays and are the main cause of sunburn. UVA rays are responsible for much of the damage we associate with photoaging. UVA rays penetrate deep into the dermis, where damage to collagen fibers occurs. This damage causes an abnormal increase in elastin production.
FERMENTE TAHIL BENZERİ ÜRÜNLERİN BİSKÜVİNİN FİZİKSEL, BESİNSEL VE DUYUSAL ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: YAVER Elif
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmada; bisküvinin besinsel değerinin artırılması ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla; bisküvi üretiminde kullanılan buğday unu, %20 oranında ham ve fermente edilmiş tahıl benzeri ürün (TBÜ; karabuğday, kinoa ve amarant) unları ile ikame edilmiştir. TBÜ unlarının bisküvi örneklerinin fiziksel, tekstürel ve duyusal özellikleri ile fitik asit, toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivitesi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Fermente un içeren bisküvilerin fitik asit içeriği ham un içeren örneklere göre daha düşük bulunmuş, ham karabuğday (%35.36) ve kinoa (%31.36) unları bisküvilerde en yüksek antioksidan aktivite değerlerini sağlamıştır. TBÜ unlarının ilavesi bisküvi örneklerinin çap ve kalınlık değerleri üzerinde önemli (P >0.05) bir etkide bulunmamış, fermente TBÜ unu kullanımı ham unlara göre bisküvi sertliğini artırmıştır. %100 buğday unu içeren bisküvi örneğine en yakın genel beğeni puanları ham ve fermente karabuğday unu içeren bisküvilerde belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, %20 oranında TBÜ unu kullanımının teknolojik kaliteyi önemli derecede etkilemeden fonksiyonel bisküvi üretimine imkân verdiğini göstermiştir.
Entwicklung, Einsatz und Wirkung des Digital Transformation Orchestrator
Authors: Schröder Désirée , Kiselev Caroline , Rohner Sina , Kautz Tobias , Rohner Peter
Published: February 2022

Die Digitale Transformation ist komplex und eine große Herausforderung für Organisationen. Der Einsatz digitaler Technologien erlaubt neue, durchgängigere, kundenorientiertere Leistungen, fordert aber gleichzeitig unterschiedlichste, teils massive interne Veränderungen. Dabei fehlt oft die Übersicht darüber, worüber Klarheit geschaffen und was gemacht werden sollte. Um Abhilfe zu schaffen, wurde der Digital Transformation Orchestrator entwickelt.
The Characteristics of Chinese Buddhist Translation
Authors: Park Jungnok
Published: February 2022

It is the aim of this chapter to provide insights into the linguistic and cultural circumstances in which the Buddhist translators in China could arbitrarily insert certain terms to indicate a permanent agent in saṃsāra.
Non-self but an Imperishable Soul in Chinese Buddhist Translations
Authors: Park Jungnok
Published: February 2022

In Part I, introducing the translation procedure and analysing the cultural characteristics of Chinese Buddhist translation, I illustrated the cultural atmosphere that allowed the Buddhist translators arbitrarily to insert their opinions in the body of canonical translations. The use of Chinese terms indicating an imperishable soul, such as hunpo 魂魄, shenshi 神識 and jingshen 精神, in Buddhist translations affords a typical example of arbitrary interpolations or adaptations. In this chapter, I aim to demonstrate how the indigenous Chinese ways of thinking influenced Buddhist translation in China, by exploring and analysing the adaptations and interpolations that reflect the idea of an imperishable soul.
The Psychological Layers in Patañjali’s Yoga
Authors: Ifergan Gidi
Published: February 2022

Chapter One, The Psychological Layers in Patañjali's Yoga, addresses the fundamental concepts of Patañjali's philosophy of mind and psychological system, exploring in-depth and articulating existential content of concepts such as subliminal imprints (samskāras), patterns of behaviour (vāsanā), the causes of affliction (kleśa), sense of I-am-ness (asmitā) as ego, memory (smṛti) and sleep (nidrā).
Pratipakṣa Bhāvanā: Cultivating the Opposite
Authors: Ifergan Gidi
Published: February 2022

Chapter Two, Pratipakṣa bhāvanā: Cultivating the Opposite, includes a review of classical and contemporary commentators and scholars’ interpretation of Pratipakṣa bhāvanā, concluding that it is about tracing the motives for thoughts and behaviours that violate the principles of yogic morality and reflecting on the results of such thoughts and behaviours, enhanced by the emotional power of self-honesty, empathy and remorse.
Western Psychology as a Temporary Complement to Yoga
Authors: Ifergan Gidi
Published: February 2022

Chapter Four, Western Psychology as a Temporary Complement to Yoga, addresses the limited effectiveness of imagining the opposite in the short term, for the habitual tendencies are painful and often remain latent. However, how will the yoga practitioner undo the stubborn habitual tendencies that inflict pain on himself and others? Employing a case study demonstrates how a Western psychological approach can undo habitual tendencies, even compulsive ones.
The Psychology of Tibetan Dzogchen: Ati Yoga
Authors: Ifergan Gidi
Published: February 2022

Chapter 6, The psychology of Tibetan Ati-Yoga, Dzogchen, presents the theory and practice of psychological methods of Dzogchen as expressed in Longchenpa’s works. These are about releasing confined thoughts and emotional burden the practitioner is unaware of, unsettling his habits. Then he can engage in contemplation and realize his true nature. Such methods are reviewed while employing a case study that examines the possibility of merging the two systems, Dzogchen and modern psychology.
How Buddhism Acquired a Soul on the Way to China
Authors: Park Jungnok
Published: February 2022

How Buddhism Acquired a Soul on the Way to China tells the story of the spread of Buddhist religious thinking and practice from India to China and how, along the way, a religion was changed. While Indian Buddhists had constructed their ideas of self by means of empiricism, anti-Brahmanism and analytic reasoning, Chinese Buddhists did so by means of non-analytic insights, utilising pre-established epistemology and cosmogony. Furthermore, many specific Buddhist ideas were transformed when exchanged from an Indian to a Chinese context, often through the work of translators concept-matching Buddhist and Daoist terms. One of the key changes was the Chinese reinterpretation of the concept of shen – originally an agent of thought which died with the body – into an eternal essence of human spirit, a soul. Though the notion of an imperishable soul was later disputed by Chinese Buddhist scholars the idea of a permanent agent of perception flourished in China. This historical analysis of the concept of self as it developed between Indian and Chinese Buddhism will be of interest to readers of Buddhist Philosophy as well as the History of Ideas.
First-language-specific orthographic effects in second-language speech
Authors: Rafat Yasaman , Whitford Veronica , Joanisse Marc F. , Swiderski Natasha , Cornwell Sarah , Mohaghegh Mercedeh , Valdivia Celina , Fakoornia Nasim , Nasrollahzadeh Parastoo , Habibi Leila
Published: February 2022

We investigated first-language (L1) orthographic effects on second-language (L2) speech production in Korean–English and Farsi–English bilinguals, as compared to English monolinguals. We used a word-reading and word-naming task to compare the production of the single grapheme (letter) (e.g,) with the digraph (e.g.,). An acoustic analysis of 600 tokens in Praat revealed that Korean–English bilinguals exhibited significantly longer [m:] productions compared to English monolinguals, but that the Farsi–English bilinguals did not. Longer/geminate [m:] productions are attributed to orthography-induced L1 transfer. We concluded that orthography does affect L2 word-reading and phonological mental representations, even when the L1 and L2 may have different scripts. We recommend that L2 speech learning be treated as a multi-modal event.
The production of L2 Italian voiced palatal lateral and voiced palatal nasal by English-speaking learners
Authors: Cortiana Giulia , Rafat Yasaman
Published: February 2022

This study examines the L2 production of the Italian (e.g. ‹tovaglia›, ‘tablecloth’) and (e.g. ‹agnello›, ‘lamb’) by English-speaking learners. Four beginner English-native speakers, one advanced English-native speakers and two Italian-native speakers completed a picture-naming task, a reading task and a language background questionnaire. An auditory and an acoustic analysis were conducted, where F1, F2, F3 and F4, and duration were measured. The results showed that both sounds are difficult for second language learners to acquire in a native-like manner. Moreover, each of these complex sounds may be produced as a sequence of two existing first languages sounds. Our findings have implications for L2 models of speech learning. We propose that a (marked) L2 sound may be produced as a sequence of existing L1 sounds.
Examinations in Singapore’s bilingual policy
Authors: Lee Cher Leng , Phua Chiew Pheng
Published: February 2022

Singapore is a multiracial nation with three-quarters of the population comprised of ethnic Chinese people. The nation’s ‘English-knowing’ bilingual policy has resulted in a steady decline in Mandarin competency, causing much concern. While agreeing that prestige planning (related to the perceived status of the language) is lacking in Chinese language education in Singapore, some suggest that Singapore can leverage China’s economic success or strengthen the Chinese curriculum to arrest the problem. An understanding of the historical developments behind Chinese language policies is necessary to grasp the link between prestige planning and language-in-education in Singapore. This paper adopts a historical approach to show how examinations have been used as essential tools in Singapore’s meritocratic society to adjust the requirements of Chinese language education, directly affecting the learning of Mandarin and resulting in a shift from prestige planning to image planning (which relates to language identity). The primary sources used in this paper include transcripts of Parliamentary debates and reports from leading newspapers, both English and Chinese, which are critical to understanding the rationale of language policies.
Social and other nonlinguistic dimensions of grassroots heritage language community groups
Authors: Guardado Martin
Published: February 2022

In this article, I focus on the different roles that self-formed ethnic community groups play in the heritage language socialisation of Hispanic families. The article is based on an ethnographic study conducted in La Casa Amistad, a small group of middle-class Hispanic families living in Vancouver, Canada. The analysis focuses on the different ways in which membership in the group supported the families in their goals to raise multilingual children, and on how the group became a bridge that connected likeminded parents who shared a similar culture as well as language beliefs, values and practices. Group participation also provided a safe environment where members reported feeling a sense of belonging. In this manner, such supportive and non-threatening environment functioned like a surrogate extended family
‘It’s not from a textbook, it’s from your real life’
Authors: Schwartz Mila , Segev Michal Chana
Published: February 2022

This paper sets out to investigate teachers as agents in Israel, comparing Israeli born teachers with those who had past immigration experiences, regarding their attitudes toward multilingual students, personal practical knowledge and classroom practices in this field. In this study, we applied linguistic ethnography to elicit attitudinal and personal information from 20 inservice teachers. We collected participants’ data via semistructured interviews and entered additional (e.g., nonverbal) information in a researcher’s journal. We performed discourse analysis and thematic analysis to identify significant themes and indicate contributors to teachers’ agency. Data indicated attitudinal differences between immigrant and Israeli-born teachers. Immigrant teachers were found to possess personal practical knowledge that originated in their past immigration experiences. Based on this, they were able to form personal connections with immigrant students and employ diverse techniques that improved their teaching in multilingual classes. This study proposes a model of immigrant teachers’ agency shaped by teachers’ attitudes toward multilingual students in interaction with their personal practical knowledge and expressed in their classroom practices and affective behaviours. The conclusions from the study may contribute to developing teacher-training and innovative teaching techniques.
A LangCrit analysis of teachers’ beliefs about language learning and language diversity
Authors: Dobbs Christina L. , Leider Christine Montecillo
Published: February 2022

Research has suggested that teachers’ beliefs about multilingual learners directly impact their instructional practices, and teacher educators have called for more explicit focus on addressing beliefs related to language learning and multilingual learners in teacher training programmes. Drawing from LangCrit theory, we analysed 15 early-career teachers’ beliefs about language learning. All participants were enrolled in a teacher education programme and taking a state mandated course focused on teaching multilingual learners. At the start of the course, after completing modified versions of the Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory (BALLI) and the Language Attitudes Teacher Survey (LATS), participants were asked to identify survey items that represented truths or myths of bilingualism and to reflect on their own beliefs about the topic and how those beliefs were formed. We utilised positioning theory and LangCrit theory to make meaning of participant responses. Findings suggest that participants were likely to select similar items for reflection. Additionally, their responses connected to their personal experiences of language learning in their own lives or previous classroom experiences. In line with LangCrit theory, participant responses connected their individual stories to broader discourses and emphasised socially bounded hierarchies and the dominance of English as a teaching goal. However, responses rarely addressed how language diversity is related to race or racism. Implications for teacher beliefs, particularly with regard to teacher education and policy, are discussed.
How are multilingual communities of practice being considered in language assessment? A language ecology approach
Authors: Arias Angel , Schissel Jamie L.
Published: February 2022

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Convergencias entre la tristeza, según santo Tomás de Aquino, y el Trastorno Depresivo Mayor
Authors: García-Alandete Joaquín , Nangang-Buigues Ana-María
Published: February 2022

Se analizan las convergencias entre las características del Trastorno Depresivo Mayor según la quinta edición del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico y la doctrina de santo Tomás de Aquino sobre la tristeza expuesta en la Suma Teológica, I-II, qq. 35-39. El Magisterio de la Iglesia Católica ha exhortado durante siglos a estudiar la doctrina del Aquinate y ponerla en diálogo con las ciencias. El tomismo es compatible con la psicopatología actual, provee de una visión comprehensiva del ser humano y contribuye a forjar una «sana psicología» basada en la antropología cristiana.
Herbal medicine practice in Ghana: A cross-sectional study to understand the factors influencing patient utilization of herbal medicine services
Authors: Nketia Anthony , Nakua Emmanuel , Tetteh Andrews William , Thomford Kwesi Prah , Boadu Kwame O. , Thomford Ama Kyeraa , Amo Richmond
Published: February 2022

The practice of herbal medicine is the most prevalent form of traditional medicine or complementary and alternative medicine utilized in many countries across the globe. This study assesses the factors influencing the use and preference for herbal medicines compared to orthodox medicines among clients visiting some selected herbal units in the Kumasi Metropolis operating under the Ghana Health Service. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Primary data was collected from 413 participants using semi-structured questionnaires. Convenience sampling technique were used to select the participants. Results indicated that 80.90 % of the respondents interviewed preferred herbal medicines to orthodox medicines. Factors influencing this preference were occupation, nature/severity of condition and cost of certified herbal drugs dispensed at the herbal unit. Also, respondents sought the services of the herbal unit for conditions which orthodox treatment outcomes are poor. The overall cost of certified herbal products prescribed at these units were considered as affordable by participants. Herbal medicine is preferred compared to orthodox medicine by patients utilizing the services of the herbal unit at government hospitals within Kumasi Metropolis.