bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evapotranspiration of osteospermum 'Denebola' and New Guinea impatiens 'Timor' grown on ebb-and-flow benches as affected by climate conditions and soil water potential
Authors: Treder Jadwiga , Nowak Joanna
Published: December 2013

Daily evapotranspiration (EVPT) of two bedding plants osteospermum 'Denebola' and impatiens 'Timor' grown on ebb-and-flow benches was measured by weighing method, together with assessment of indoor climate parameters (solar radiation, temperature, humidity) and leaf area index (LAI) at different growth phases. The evaporation inside the greenhouse as affected by climatic factors i.e.: solar radiation, temperature, humidity and air velocity was also measured using Piche's evaporometer. Plants were irrigated according to soil water potential (irrigation at -0,5; -3; -10 and -20 kPa). Irrigation at high water potential decreased plant growth and leaf area of both plants. LAI of osteospermum decreased as water deficit increased. In the case of impatiens, the highest LAI at full flowering obtained plants irrigated at -3 kPa. The actual, daily EVPT of plants irrigated at -0,5 kPa increased with plant growth in the case ofosteospermum while that of impatiens remained at similar level. At flowering water stress decreased strongly EVPT of osteospermum and in lesser extent EVPT of impatiens. Osteospermum irrigated at -0,5 kPa had 2,5 higher EVPT than impatiens. For both plants good, positive correlation between EVPT and daily mean temperature, temperature between 7-17 h and evaporation according to Piche's evaporometer readings were obtained. As expected EVPT was negatively correlated with relative humidity, irrespective the growth phase and soil water potential. The correlation between EVPT and solar radiation, was changed during plant growth due to differences in temperature under shading screen, used during sunny days.
The formation of microorganism communities in the soil under the effect of chitosan and runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) cultivation
Authors: Pięta Danuta , Pastucha Alina , Struszczyk Henryk , Wójcik Wiesław
Published: December 2013

The subject of the studies was the soil with introduced solutions containing 0,1% chitosan. These materials were obtained from the Institute of Chemical Fibres in L6d2 (in the form of a microcrystalline gel) and also from the Department of Food Biochemistry and Chemistry of the University of Agriculture in Lublin (in a liquid form,i.e.dissolved in acetic acid). In order to set an experiment in a growth chamber, grey brown podzolic soil formed from loesses and taken from a mechanically treated belt of black fallow was used. The soil (1000 g) was watered every 8 days with 100 ml of examined chitosan solutions per pot. Control soil was watered with sterile distilled water. Seven days after each watering, soil samples were taken for microbiological analysis. Then 25 runner bean seeds were sown into each pot. After six weeks of plants' growth the experiment was finished and the number of plants was counted, their healthiness determined and soil microbiological analysis was performed. Regardless of chitosan form introduced to the soil it stimulated the growth of bacteria and fungi, since in these experimental combinations was found a significantly higher number of microorganisms as compared with the control. A particular high increase in the number of microorganism colonies was observed with simultaneous growth of plants and the application of chitosan. A considerable increase of fungi colonies from the Trichoderma genus was found in the soil treated with chitosan in the form ofboth a microcrystalline gel and a liquid. The species of this genus are considered to be antagonists; it affects pathogenic fungi through competition, antibiosis and over-parasitism. An increase in colonies of saprophytic microorganisms, including antagonistic ones of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. was observed in the soil treated with chitosan . On the other hand, in the soil after the growth of bean and treated watered with chitosan only few colonies of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli- bean pathogen were found. The healthiness of plants grown in soil treated with chitosan was significantly better as compared to the control. The populations of antagonistic microorganisms formed in the soil in these treatments probably limited the growth of pathogenic fungus.
The method for potato root system measurements
Authors: Głuska Anna
Published: December 2013

Extracting of a root system from the soil without losses is the main difficulty in investigations of the potato root system. In the years 1992-1998 at The Potato Research Institute, Jadwisin (Poland) an original method for potato root system investigation was developed.A special pot (40 cm in diameter, 100 cm high) made of zinc coated steel sheet 0,8 mm was constructed. This device may be opened lengthwise to obtain the whole intact root system of potato plant. Soil profile in the pot is formed in 10 horizontal layers separated by circles made of plastic mesh which enable distinguishing of roots related to certain soil horizons. The method described makes possible (in a relatively easy way) taking measurements of weight and length of roots in every 10-cm layer of soil up to depth of 1 meter, so as to assess: the weight of fresh and/or dry matter and length of the whole potato plant root system and its distribution in the soil profile. This method might be useful also for investigation of root systems of another species.
The dominant pathogenic fungi on winter wheat in 1999-2001
Authors: Jaczewska-Kalicka Anna
Published: December 2013

The research works were carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Agricultural University in Chylice, Mazowieckie voivodship. Diseases, their causal agents and occurrence on winter wheat cv. Kobra and cv. Mikon were studied in 1999-2001. Observations were performed in field conditions, on plots treated with fungicides and untreated control plots. Studies were concetrated on the most important pathogenic fungi occurring on winter wheat leaves, ears and stem bases, especiaIly Puccinia recondita on leaves (45% of infected leaf area), Stagonospora nodorum on ears (24% of infected ear area), Mollisia (Tapesia) yallundae (infection index 29) and Fusarium spp. (54% of infection culms) on stem bases. It has been proved that susceptibility to same diseases is strongly connected with cultivar and weather conditions. Average grain yield losses during three years period of study amounted: 1999 - 21,68%, 2000 - 7,34% and 2001 - 53,15% respectively.
Changes in plant health, development and yielding of white lupine and pea
Authors: Podsiadło Cezary , Błaszkowski Janusz , Karczmarczyk Stanisław , Friedrich Stefan
Published: December 2013

In 1995-1998 two field experiments were carried out on a sandy soil. Supplemental irrigation and mineral fertilization modified the yield of pea and white lupine. Higher yield increases gave pea. Furthermore, the applied practices influenced both the anatomical and morphological features of both plant species. Leaves of irrigated and well fertilized plants were bigger and had an increased number of stomata of larger dimensions. Leaves of both plant species harboured numerous populations of spores of microscopic fungi. More abundant spore populations of these fungi were isolated from the white lupine leaves. The most frequently revealed spores were those of the genera Cladosporium and Uromyces. In white lupine, the abundance of spores associated with leaves increased due to the irrigation applied, whereas in pea following the use of fertilizers. Additionally, irrigation increased the number of spores of arbuscular fungi of the genus Glomus in the root zone of pea, but decreased their occurrence among roots of white lupine.
Proline and hydroxyproline containing cell wall proteins of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cane cortex
Authors: Bandurska Hanna , Kozłowska Monika , Zielińska Małgorzata
Published: December 2013

The formation of insoluble wall bound proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) in relation to the growth stage and developmental changes was examined in red raspberry primocane cortex. Two cultivars - 'Latham' and 'Malling Promise' - differing in growth intensity and in sensitivity to biotic stress were used for the experiments. The level of insoluble cell wall bound PRPs of the cortical tissues was almost similar in the course of the plants growth period. HRGPs were significantly higher at the end of the vegetation season (August/September), especially in 'Malling Promise'. The plant sensitivity to biotic stress, based on the response to the fungus Didymella applanata changed in the period of vegetative growth. At the end of summer the both cultivars became more resistant. It has been inferred that the insolubilization of wall PRPs and HRGPs was responsible for the acquiring resistance to D.applanata by 'Malling Promise', which was previously very susceptible to this fungus.
Effects of different levels of humic acid on seedling growth and macro and micronutrient contents of tomato and eggplant
Authors: Dursun Atilla , Güvenç Ismail , Turan Metin
Published: December 2013

As opposed to direct sowing, production of seedlings of vegetable crops for transplanting is commonly practiced by vegetable growers. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of humic acid on the growth and the macro and micro nutrients contents in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena var. esculentum) seedlings under greenhouse conditions. Different levels of humic acid (50, 100, 150, 200 ml l-1) were applied to growing media (peat) after transplanting of examined seedlings of the species every ten days by the time of planting. The highest growth rate for leaf stem and root growth were obtained at 50 and 100 ml l-1 HA and 50, 100, 150 ml l-1 HA for tomato and eggplant seedlings., respectively as compared to the control. The highest content of macro and micronu trient contents were obtained at 100 ml l-1 HA and 200 ml l-1 HA for tomato and egg plant seedlings, respectively as compared to the control.
The effect of nitrogen excess in the feeding of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. ) growing in conditions of various medium humiditv
Authors: Borowski Edward , Blamowski Zbyszek K. , Wierciński Janusz
Published: December 2013

Reaction of 21 days old cucumber plants on high nitrogen supply during the growth in the conditions of 70% and 30% fwc sand humidity was studied in the phytotron. Obtained results showed that nitrogen in concentration 24 mmol·dm-3 (9 mmol higher than in Hoagland's medium) increased WSD, gs, E, Pn, as well as content of some monosaccharides (ribose, glucose, fructose), disaccharides (saccharose, trehalase), proline and trigoneline but fresh mass of plants, leaf area and c, value in cucumber plants decreased„ However the effect of higher N dose on chlorophyll content in leaves and its fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', ΦPSII, Qp i Qn) have not been noticed. Moreover, it has been shown that influence of supraoptimal N dose on the value of determined plant physiological activity index was considerably bigger in 30% than 70% sand humidity. The authors suggest that high concentration of nitrogen in medium evokes changes in metabolity of carbohydrates and nitrogen substances which lead to an osmoprotectans increase in plant cells. In this way plants are more resistant to an environmental stress effect.
Influence of epiphytic bacteria from grapevine leaves on Phomopsis viticola Sacc.
Authors: Król Ewa
Published: December 2013

Out of 282 isolates of epiphytic bacteria population originating from grapevine leaves 15% inhibited growth of Phomopsis viticola on potato-dextrose agar. Protective activity of 16 isolates, representing different morphological groups was tested on one-year old of grapevine stems fragments. Majority of bacterial isolates which inhibited the fungus growth in-vitro provided no protection of stems fragments against P. viticola. The efficiency of protection activity of bacterial isolates tested decreased with time. The most effective isolates of bacteria in protection of grapevine stemswere identified as Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens.
Medicinal synanthropic flora of Łask
Authors: Suwara-Szmigielska Sylwia
Published: December 2013

The article presents a characterization and concentration of medicinal synanthropic plants found in the area of Łask. The research on medicinal synanthropic flora in Łask were ran in 2001-2002. The method of cartogram was used in the research. The mentioned method is grounded on a mapping of all species in a grid of the same square fields. The medicinal flora of the researched area consists of 227 taxons. Hemicryptophytes (41,4%) and therophytes (23,8%) dominate the other life forms. Native species - apophyta (157 species - 69,2%) - predominate within Łask's medicinal synanthropic flora.
Organização social baseada na lógica de cadeia-rede para potencializar a exploração do açaí nativo na Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira.
Authors: Paes-de-Souza Mariluce , Riva Fabiana Rodrigues , Silva Tania Nunes , Paes Diego Cristovão A. Souza
Published: December 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346598903 The present paper has the objective to expose a proposition of organization within a chain and network logic, aiming to potentiate the extraction of the Native Açaí Berry at the Western Brazilian Amazon rainforest. This exploratory study involves the municipalities of Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim and Machadinho D’Oeste, at the Brazilian state of Rondônia, with primary data originating mostly from conservation areas at the lower Madeira River region. As a result, it was possible to infer that from the native Açai Berry, derives food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, for both local consumption and international markets. It was found that beyond Açai Berry plantations availability, the lower Madeira River provides better transport logistic, consumer market and greater possibility of interaction with middleman than most Açai production areas.  As a conclusion, it is made a proposition of an organizational arrangement to strengthen the extrativist productive chain of the Native Açaí Berry, based on the network and chain logic, oriented towards an organization based upon social organizations, manufacturing regularization and marketing.
The role of internet in the born global companies
Authors: Brasil Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira , Ogasavara Mário Henrique , Oliveira Francisco Correia de , Tassigny Mônica Mota , Fontenele Raimundo Eduardo Silveira
Published: December 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346599061The process of internationalization of global companies occurs connected to the high integration through the nets of computers, especially the Internet. The technological advances have revolutionized the forms of transacting products and services. Innovation becomes the key word for this new phase established in the economy by the computer science in which the Internet is able to establish a larger integration among the enterprises, consumers and suppliers. How can the Internet contribute to the process of Internationalization of Born Globals? This theoretical paper aims to discuss the role of innovations with internet in Born Globals firms to the process of internationalization. The literature review on the subject shows that the advances of technology will require new studies about the internationalization’s process. In spite of that, the influence of the electronic business has progressed in commercial transactions. The global world requires workers who are more and more prepared to face such reality. The enterprises will have to adapt, otherwise they may fail to reduce costs and to improve their logistics. The consumers can have personalized products, while their needs are met in a more comfortable, immediate way and with less intermediates. The electronic markets revolutionize the economy by meeting old needs in a more modern and practical way.
Recherche-action et recherche collaborative
Authors: Morrissette Joëlle
Published: December 2013

Depuis une quinzaine d’années, différents types de recherches participatives montent en popularité, dont la recherche-action et la recherche collaborative. Ils ont en commun l’adoption d’un rapport plus symétrique entre chercheurs et praticiens et une préoccupation pour le développement professionnel de ces derniers. Néanmoins, ils diffèrent en ce qui concerne certaines hypothèses théoriques/épistémologiques qui les sous-tendent et sur le plan de l’approche méthodologique. Cette contribution vise à présenter ces deux types de recherches pour en éclairer les enjeux et les défis particuliers, et pour interroger ce qu’ils impliquent en matière de rapport aux savoirs et de rapport à la production de savoirs.
La recherche participative en CSSS-CAU
Authors: Suárez-Herrera José Carlos , White Deena , Battaglini Alex
Published: December 2013

À la lumière des fondements conceptuels de la « théorie de l’acteur-réseau » (Callon, 1986; Latour, 2005), cet article développe une perspective innovatrice sur la pratique de la recherche participative en CSSS-CAU. Pour ce faire, nous montrerons comment certaines pratiques participatives associées à la recherche s’organisent graduellement sous forme de réseaux innovateurs de traduction des savoirs. Le cas du partenariat ARIMA, mis en oeuvre au Québec par le Centre de recherche et de partage des savoirs InterActions, servira d’illustration. La configuration partenariale de ce réseau est associée à de nombreuses traductions potentiellement transformatrices, ce qui lui donne une perspective de recherche innovatrice qui se construit dans un contexte complexe de mobilisation des savoirs intersectoriels.
La reconnaissance
Authors: Bellot Céline , Rivard Jacinthe
Published: December 2013

Cet article montre comment l’articulation entre la participation et la théorie de la reconnaissance peut soutenir une démarche de recherche. À partir d’une recherche-action participative réalisée avec des organismes qui abritent des programmes d’échange de seringues et des personnes qui les fréquentent, nous présentons les différentes actions menées ainsi que les enjeux rencontrés. Le processus, aussi important que les résultats, montre que la question de la participation doit s’arrimer à une théorie critique de la société, en vue de soutenir un nouveau regard sur ces organismes, de même que sur les personnes qui les fréquentent.
La recherche participative à l’aune de la mobilisation citoyenne
Authors: Fontan Jean-Marc , Longtin David , René Jean-François
Published: December 2013

L’objet de cet article est d’analyser la portée de nouvelles formes de collaboration s’instaurant entre des acteurs sociaux et des chercheurs universitaires. Nous le ferons à partir d’une collaboration établie entre l’organisation Parole d’excluEs et un dispositif de recherche développé à l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) : l’Incubateur universitaire en innovation sociale. Après avoir présenté le processus ayant conduit à ce partenariat et la nature de ce dernier, l’article répondra à trois questions portant sur 1) les spécificités de la méthode de recherche-intervention développée par l’Incubateur universitaire Parole d’excluEs; 2) les formes et les limites de l’implication citoyenne dans le processus de recherche mené par l’Incubateur, et enfin; 3) l’impact de ce type de coproduction des connaissances sur les enjeux auxquels la société québécoise est confrontée pour lutter efficacement contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion.
Conditions, performances et limites des démarches participatives pour la recherche agricole camerounaise
Authors: Pédelahore Philippe , Dulcire Michel , Havard Michel , Onguéné Awana Nérée
Published: December 2013

Les recherches participatives en agriculture se développent depuis les années 1980. Quelles sont leurs performances et leurs limites dans les conditions des pays du Sud? Cette étude propose une grille d’évaluation des caractéristiques et des performances de 12 projets camerounais de recherche-action en partenariat. Elle montre que ces démarches améliorent la prise en compte des attentes des agriculteurs et les compétences des acteurs. Elle montre également que les asymétries entre chercheurs et agriculteurs, les exigences des différentes étapes du processus et la nécessité de travailler à long terme en limitent les performances.
Rénover la pratique de l’éducation à la sexualité des personnes ayant des incapacités intellectuelles
Authors: Dupras André
Published: December 2013

La reconnaissance du droit des personnes ayant des incapacités intellectuelles à une éducation à la sexualité a généré la conception et l’implantation de programmes éducatifs. À quelles valeurs et croyances les professionnels se réfèrent-ils pour organiser l’éducation à la sexualité? Une analyse critique des approches dominantes actuelles est proposée pour contribuer à leur progrès et à leur transformation. Pour dépasser les limites des approches paternalistes et objectivistes, il est suggéré d’adopter un nouveau paradigme fondé sur des perspectives participatives et subjectivistes. Le renouvellement de l’éducation à la sexualité pourrait procéder par énovation en enrichissant et en élargissant les pratiques existantes.
Quelle approche de synthèse des connaissances adopter pour faire un état des lieux de la recherche-action participative en santé et services sociaux au Québec francophone11?
Authors: Fradet12 Lucie
Published: December 2013

Ce qui caractérise la recherche-action participative (RAP) au Québec dans les milieux francophones de la santé et des services sociaux est peu connu. Faire l’état des lieux de la RAP dans ce contexte permettrait d’en dégager les enjeux. Or, il existe peu d’exemples pour entreprendre une démarche structurée de synthèse des connaissances appropriée aux particularités et à la complexité de la RAP. Après un survol des différentes méthodes de synthèse, un choix pour une approche et une procédure adaptées est proposé.
De la confiance en soi à l’exercice de la citoyenneté
Authors: Couture Nancy
Published: December 2013

Deux organismes communautaires de Québec, le Centre résidentiel et communautaire Jacques-Cartier ainsi que Mères et Monde, ont réalisé auprès de leurs membres actuels et anciens (jeunes, travailleurs.euses et personnes-ressources) une consultation sur la gestion participative. Cet article présente les effets de la gestion participative sur les personnes qui la vivent, notamment le développement de la confiance en soi, mais aussi un plus grand exercice de la citoyenneté. Sont également sommairement présentés les ingrédients essentiels permettant l’actualisation de ce mode organisationnel.
Saberes necessários ou desejados para uma docência de qualidade na Educação Superior
Authors: Villela Pereira Marcos
Published: December 2013

Este artigo apresenta o contexto e as ponderações da primeira fase da pesquisa “Implicações da prática e da experiência na formação de professores”. O contexto é caracterizado de modo geral pela circunstância da abordagem de 97 estudantes de pós-graduação matriculados na disciplina Metodologia do Ensino Superior nos anos de 2009 e 2010 e pelas discussões emergidas a partir de aulas experimentais e debates relativos ao sentido da docência na Educação Superior. Os achados foram coletados a partir da escrita de ensaios sobre seus processos “professoralização” e o tema da implicação da experiência na formação docente foi destacado em excertos dali extraídos. A dimensão ética da formação e da docência foi objeto de exploração, na medida em que se valorizam os efeitos da interimplicação entre os sujeitos, sua circunstância de atuação e seus grupos de alunos.
Access Bridge Design Measures for Safety Increase of the Road Infrastructure
Authors: Micunek Tomas , Schejbalova Zuzana , Schmidt Drahomir
Published: December 2013

Solid barriers represent danger for the driver in case of traffic lane escape. This threat can be represented by a drainage ditch culvert face. The access bridge is not usually conspicuous enough near the traffic lane so that the driver could ditch and crash this barrier in case of an exceptional situation such as avoidance manoeuvres. This work deals with a technical solution of access bridges with an integrated deformation zone which was designed on the ground of a detailed analysis of current types of the construction. The new technical solution was proved by means of a numerical simulation of passenger car impact and compared with the current design of culvert faces.
Emancipatory Theatre and Performative Didactics
Authors: Aure Venke , Bjerkestrand Karin Brunvathne , Songe-Møller Anna
Published: December 2013

This article is based on several years of empirical observation, gathered from theatre practice, in which Karin B. Bjerkestrand and Anna Songe-Møller developed what is known as “Solidarity Forum Theatre” (SFT), a form of applied drama. This theatre form is based primarily on the Brazilian, Augusto Boal’s, Theatre of the Oppressed (Boal, 2006). Bjerkestrand and Songe-Møller used and further developed Boal’s theatre principle in a collaboration with various immigrant groups and drama-/theatre students. The intention has been to use the liberating potential into which this form of theatre invites us. In this article, Bjerkestrand and Songe-Møller present the theoretical groundwork, the underlying principles, and examples of SFT in action. One of the participants’ stories in particular have been used to concretize the liberating aspect that arose in the theatre experiences. In relation to this Solidarity Forum Theatre practice, science theorist and art educator Venke Aure presents epistemological and didactic reflections.
Sea level rise and its coastal impacts
Authors: Cazenave Anny , Cozannet Gonéri Le
Published: December 2013

Global warming in response to accumulation of human‐induced greenhouse gases inside the atmosphere has already caused several visible consequences, among them increase of the Earth's mean temperature and ocean heat content, melting of glaciers, and loss of ice from the Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets. Ocean warming and land ice melt in turn are causing sea level to rise. Sea level rise and its impacts on coastal zones have become a question of growing interest in the scientific community, as well as in the media and public. In this review paper, we summarize the most up‐to‐date knowledge about sea level rise and its causes, highlighting the regional variability that superimposes the global mean rise. We also present sea level projections for the 21st century under different warming scenarios. We next address the issue of the sea level rise impacts. We question whether there is already observational evidence of coastal impacts of sea level rise and highlight the fact that results differ from one location to another. This suggests that the response of coastal systems to sea level rise is highly dependent on local natural and human settings. We finally show that in spite of remaining uncertainties about future sea levels and related impacts, it becomes possible to provide preliminary assessment of regional impacts of sea level rise.
Visualization of O‐GlcNAc Glycosylation Stoichiometry and Dynamics Using Resolvable Poly(ethylene glycol) Mass Tags
Authors: Clark Peter M. , Rexach Jessica E. , Hsieh‐Wilson Linda C.
Published: December 2013

O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) glycosylation is a dynamic protein posttranslational modification with roles in processes such as transcription, cell cycle regulation, and metabolism. Detailed mechanistic studies of O‐GlcNAc have been hindered by a lack of methods for measuring O‐GlcNAc stoichiometries and the interplay of glycosylation with other posttranslational modifications. We recently developed a method for labeling O‐GlcNAc‐modified proteins with resolvable poly(ethylene glycol) mass tags. This mass‐tagging approach enables the direct measurement of glycosylation stoichiometries and the visualization of distinct O‐GlcNAc‐modified subpopulations. Here, we describe procedures for labeling O‐GlcNAc glycoproteins in cell lysates with mass tags. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 5:281‐302 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Polymer‐Based Resistive Memory Materials and Devices
Authors: Lin Wen‐Peng , Liu Shu‐Juan , Gong Tao , Zhao Qiang , Huang Wei
Published: December 2013

Due to the advantages of good scalability, flexibility, low cost, ease of processing, 3D‐stacking capability, and large capacity for data storage, polymer‐based resistive memories have been a promising alternative or supplementary devices to conventional inorganic semiconductor‐based memory technology, and attracted significant scientific interest as a new and promising research field. In this review, we first introduced the general characteristics of the device structures and fabrication, memory effects, switching mechanisms, and effects of electrodes on memory properties associated with polymer‐based resistive memory devices. Subsequently, the research progress concerning the use of single polymers or polymer composites as active materials for resistive memory devices has been summarized and discussed. In particular, we consider a rational approach to their design and discuss how to realize the excellent memory devices and understand the memory mechanisms. Finally, the current challenges and several possible future research directions in this field have also been discussed.
Ideal Three‐Dimensional Electrode Structures for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Chabi Sakineh , Peng Chuang , Hu Di , Zhu Yanqiu
Published: December 2013

Three‐dimensional electrodes offer great advantages, such as enhanced ion and electron transport, increased material loading per unit substrate area, and improved mechanical stability upon repeated charge–discharge. The origin of these advantages is discussed and the criteria for ideal 3D electrode structure are outlined. One of the common features of ideal 3D electrodes is the use of a 3D carbon‐ or metal‐based porous framework as the structural backbone and current collector. The synthesis methods of these 3D frameworks and their composites with redox‐active materials are summarized, including transition metal oxides and conducting polymers. The structural characteristics and electrochemical performances are also reviewed. Synthesis of composite 3D electrodes is divided into two types — template‐assisted and template‐free methods — depending on whether a pre‐made template is required. The advantages and drawbacks of both strategies are discussed.
A population estimate of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Ugalla region using standard and spatially explicit genetic capture–recapture methods
Authors: Moore Deborah L. , Vigilant Linda
Published: December 2013

Population parameters such as size, density, and distribution of a species across a landscape are important metrics that inform conservation science and are key to management strategies. In this study, we used genetic capture–recapture methods to estimate the population size and density of the little‐studied chimpanzees in the Ugalla region of western Tanzania. From 237 fecal samples collected non‐invasively over a 10‐month period, we identified a minimum of 113 individuals. Based on the two‐innate rate method (TIRM) modeled in the softwarecapwire, we obtained a maximum‐likelihood estimate of 322 (CI 227–373) individuals over the 624 km2area surveyed. Using a spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) method, we estimated a population density of 0.25 (CI 0.16–0.38) individuals/km2. Observations of nests and search effort data revealed areas of more intense usage. The findings of this study are an important step in the characterization of the Ugalla chimpanzees, and substantially improve our understanding of the number of chimpanzees that occupy this savanna‐woodland region at the easternmost extent of the geographic range of this endangered subspecies. Am. J. Primatol. 76:335–346, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large Solvation Effect in the Optical Rotatory Dispersion of Norbornenone
Authors: Lahiri Priyanka , Wiberg Kenneth B. , Vaccaro Patrick H. , Caricato Marco , Crawford T. Daniel
Published: December 2013

The anomalously large chiroptical response of (1R,4R)‐norbornenone has been probed under complementary vapor‐phase and solution‐phase conditions to assess the putative roles of environmental perturbations. Measurements of the specific rotation for isolated (gas‐phase) molecules could not be reproduced quantitatively by comprehensive quantum‐chemical calculations based on density‐functional or coupled‐cluster levels of linear‐response theory, which suggests that higher‐order treatments may be needed to accurately predict such intrinsic behavior. A substantial, yet unexpected, dependence of the dispersive optical activity on the nature (phase) of the surrounding medium has been uncovered, with the venerable Lorentz local‐field correction reproducing solvent‐mediated trends in rotatory dispersion surprisingly well, whereas more modern polarizable continuum models for implicit solvation performed less satisfactorily.
The RING Domain of the Scaffold Protein Ste5 Adopts a Molten Globular Character with High Thermal and Chemical Stability
Authors: Walczak Michal J. , Samatanga Brighton , van Drogen Frank , Peter Matthias , Jelesarov Ilian , Wider Gerhard
Published: December 2013

Ste5 is a scaffold protein that controls the pheromone response of the MAP‐kinase cascade in yeast cells. Upon pheromone stimulation, Ste5 (through its RING‐H2 domain) interacts with the β and γ subunits of an activated heterodimeric G protein and promotes activation of the MAP‐kinase cascade. With structural and biophysical studies, we show that the Ste5 RING‐H2 domain exists as a molten globule under native buffer conditions, in yeast extracts, and even in denaturing conditions containing urea (7 M). Furthermore, it exhibits high thermal stability in native conditions. Binding of the Ste5 RING‐H2 domain to the physiological Gβ/γ (Ste4/Ste18) ligand is accompanied by a conformational transition into a better folded, more globular structure. This study reveals novel insights into the folding mechanism and recruitment of binding partners by the Ste5 RING‐H2 domain. We speculate that many RING domains may share a similar mechanism of substrate recognition and molten‐globule‐like character.
Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Tetralone‐ and Naphthyl‐Type Lignans by a One‐Pot Oxidative [3,3] Rearrangement/Friedel–Crafts Arylation
Authors: Reddel Jordan C. T. , Lutz Kelly E. , Diagne Abdallah B. , Thomson Regan J.
Published: December 2013

The development of a stereoselective one‐pot oxidative [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement/Friedel–Crafts arylation that provides enantioenriched benzhydryl compounds is reported. The utility of this new transformation is demonstrated by the concise synthesis of several tetralone‐ and naphthyl‐type lignan natural products, many of which display anti‐malarial activity.
Solution Structure of a G‐quadruplex Bound to the Bisquinolinium Compound Phen‐DC3
Authors: Chung Wan Jun , Heddi Brahim , Hamon Florian , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule , Phan Anh Tuân
Published: December 2013

Phen‐DC3 is a highly promising compound that specifically targets G‐quadruplexes, with potent biological effects observed in vivo. We used NMR spectroscopy to solve the structure of the complex formed between Phen‐DC3 and an intramolecular G‐quadruplex derived from the c‐myc promoter. Structural information revealed that Phen‐DC3 interacts with the quadruplex through extensive π‐stacking with guanine bases of the top G‐tetrad. On the basis of our structure, modifications are proposed for the development of this compound for selective targeting of a specific G‐quadruplex conformation.
Pregnancy outcomes, embryonic and fetal development in maternal exposure to chinese medicines
Authors: Wang Chi Chiu , Li Lu , San Lau Clara Bik , Leung Ping Chung , Fung Kwok Pui
Published: December 2013

Chinese medicine is a common name for a collection of Chinese Materia Medica with therapeutic properties for medical treatment and healing. Similar to Western pharmaceuticals, Chinese medicines are not free of risk, and have the potential to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes and affect embryonic and fetal development. However, most clinical data concerning safety of maternal exposure to Chinese medicines during pregnancy are not available and the conclusion remains elusive. Some individual clinical trials of Chinese medicines reported some minor adverse effects during pregnancy, whereas few animal studies identified some adverse maternal and perinatal effects, as well as embryotoxic potentials. Basic research and mechanistic studies of the teratogenicity of Chinese medicines are still lacking. There is an urgent need for testing the safety of Chinese medicines before recommendation and commercialization. Until more reliable and scientific research data become available, clinicians should consider both the risks and benefits before recommending Chinese medicines to pregnant women. More systematic investigations of the safety implications of the use of Chinese medicines are highly recommended, in addition to more clinical trials with a larger sample size to confirm its safety during pregnancy. This review includes a critical overview of available clinical and experimental data and provides directions to study the safety issue of Chinese medicines for pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 99:275–291, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EF24 prevents rotenone‐induced estrogenic status alteration in breast cancer
Authors: Roy Debarshi , Kabiraj Parijat , Pal Rituraj
Published: December 2013

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an important endoplasmic reticulum‐resident oxidoreductase chaperone can bind to estrogens as well as intact with its receptor proteins [i.e. estrogen receptors (ER) α and β]. It has been postulated that PDI also acts as an intracellular 17β‐estradiol (E2)‐binding protein that transports and accumulates E2 in live cells. Drop in E2 level promotes dissociation of E2 from PDI and released in cytosol; the released E2 can augment estrogen receptor‐mediated transcriptional activity and mitogenic action in cultured cells by modulating the ERβ/ERα ratio. In this study, we observed rotenone‐induced damage to PDI leads to significant increase in ERβ/ERα ratio by down‐regulating ERα and up‐regulating ERβ. We demonstrated that nitrosative stress induced disruption of the cellular estrogenic status can be prevented through diphenyl difluoroketone (EF24, curcumin analog) intervention by protecting PDI from reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced damage. Together, our study suggests that both PDI and EF24 can play a vital role in maintaining cellular estrogenic homeostasis.
Support vector regression with digital band pass filtering for the quantitative analysis of near‐infrared spectra
Authors: Malik Bilal , Chaitanya Krishna , Benaissa Mohammed
Published: December 2013

This paper proposes a novel calibration technique based on combining support vector regression with a digital band pass (DBP) filter for the quantitative analysis of near‐infrared spectra. The efficacy of the proposed method is investigated and validated in the determination of glucose from near‐infrared spectra of a mixture composed of urea, triacetin and glucose. In this paper, the DBP filtering was implemented as a pre‐processing technique in the frequency domain as a Gaussian band pass filter and in the time domain as a Chebyshev filter. The grid‐search optimization method was used to optimize the filter parameters. The results demonstrate that utilization of the optimized DBP filters as a pre‐processing technique improved the performance of the predictive models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly N2‐Selective Coupling of 1,2,3‐Triazoles with Indole and Pyrrole
Authors: Wen Jian , Zhu Li‐Li , Bi Qing‐Wei , Shen Zhu‐Qing , Li Xiao‐Xiao , Li Xin , Wang Zhen , Chen Zili
Published: December 2013

Hydrogen‐bond mediated coupling of 1,2,3‐triazoles to indoles and pyrroles results in N2 selective functionalization of the triazole moiety in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction was tolerant of un‐, mono‐ and disubstituted triazoles and was applied to synthesize tryptophan derived fluorescent amino acids.
Carbaborane‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triphospholanes and 1‐Aza‐2,5‐diphospholane: New Synthetic Approaches
Authors: Kreienbrink Anika , Heinicke Sarah , Duong Pham Thi Thuy , Frank René , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: December 2013

New phosphorus‐containing, five‐membered P,P,P and P,N,P heterocycles were synthesized and fully characterized. The P,P,P heterocycles, 1,2,3‐triphospholanes, can be synthesized by two different facile pathways, whereas the P,N,P compound, a 1‐aza‐2,5‐diphospholane, can only be obtained with silylamine.
Electrophilic Alkylations of Vinylsilanes: A Comparison of α‐ and β‐Silyl Effects
Authors: Laub Hans A. , Mayr Herbert
Published: December 2013

Kinetics of the reactions of benzhydrylium ions (Aryl2CH+) with the vinylsilanes H2CC(CH3)(SiR3), H2CC(Ph)(SiR3), and (E)‐PhCHCHSiMe3 have been measured photometrically in dichloromethane solution at 20 °C. All reactions follow second‐order kinetics, and the second‐order rate constants correlate linearly with the electrophilicity parameters E of the benzhydrylium ions, thus allowing us to include vinylsilanes in the benzhydrylium‐based nucleophilicity scale. The vinylsilane H2CC(CH3)(SiMe3), which is attacked by electrophiles at the CH2 group, reacts one order of magnitude faster than propene, indicating that α‐silyl‐stabilization of the intermediate carbenium ion is significantly weaker than α‐methyl stabilization because H2CC(CH3)2 is 103 times more reactive than propene. trans‐β‐(Trimethylsilyl)styrene, which is attacked by electrophiles at the silylated position, is even somewhat less reactive than styrene, showing that the hyperconjugative stabilization of the developing carbocation by the β‐silyl effect is not yet effective in the transition state. As a result, replacement of vinylic hydrogen atoms by SiMe3 groups affect the nucleophilic reactivities of the corresponding CC bonds only slightly, and vinylsilanes are significantly less nucleophilic than structurally related allylsilanes.
Allyl‐Functionalized Dioxynaphthalene[38]Crown‐10 Macrocycles: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Thiol‐ene Functionalization
Authors: Choudhary Umesh , Northrop Brian H.
Published: December 2013

Five dioxynaphthalene[38]‐crown‐10 (DNP38C10) macrocycles bearing one, two, three, or four allyl moieties have been synthesized and their ability to spontaneously self‐assemble with methyl viologen to form [2]pseudorotaxanes has been evaluated. Association constants between methyl viologen and several of the allyl‐functionalized DNP38C10 macrocycles are found to be comparable to that of methyl viologen and unfunctionalized DNP38C10, however, the enthalpic and entropic factors that underlie overall binding free energy vary systematically with increasing allyl substitution. These variations are explained through a combination of solution phase and solid‐state analysis of the macrocycles and their complexes. The utility of endowing DNP38C10 macrocycles with allyl moieties is further demonstrated by the ease with which they can be functionalized through thiol‐ene click chemistry.
Synthesis of Single‐enantiomer Bioactive Molecules: A Brief Overview
Authors: Rouf Abdul , Taneja S.C.
Published: December 2013

Chiral‐center enantiomers have been shown to differ significantly in biological activity, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. New developments in the stereoselective organic synthesis have enriched the vast literature of synthetic methodologies applicable to access natural products as well as bioactive molecules. These compounds also include new drugs, drug candidates and reagents used to explore biological processes. The article reviews the synthesis of optically pure drugs, biologically active intermediates and amino alcohols by using different methods. Chirality 26:63–78, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and characterisation of a new stainless steel/Bi2O3 anode and its dyes degradation ability
Authors: Petrović Milica M. , Mitrović Jelena Z. , Radović Miljana D. , Kostić Miloš M. , Bojić Aleksandar L. J.
Published: December 2013

Stainless steel/Bi2O3 anode was synthesised by electrodeposition from acidic Bi (III) solution on stainless steel substrate and calcination at 500°C. Characterisation by SEM, EDX, XRD and TGA revealed that the anode surface was fully covered with pure α‐Bi2O3, which formed a inhomogeneous and porous coat. Three dyes with different chromophores, namely: Reactive Blue 19, Methylene blue and Reactive Orange 4 were completely decolourised by electrochemical oxidation at the synthesised anode in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Decolourisation followed the pseudo‐first order kinetics model for all the three dyes. Decolourisation rates are sorted in descending order: Reactive Orange 4 > Reactive Blue 19 > Methylene Blue. For all the three dyes, an increase of the initial dye concentration caused the decrease of the reaction rate constants. At higher initial dye concentrations, the decolourisation times were significantly prolonged for all the three dyes, however, the complete decolourisation was done as well.
An efficient interference mitigation approach via quasi‐access in two‐tier macro‐femto heterogeneous networks
Authors: Xiao Zhu , Li Zhongfeng , Zhang Xu , Liu Enjie , Yi Kechu
Published: December 2013

Two‐tier heterogeneous networks, where the current cellular networks, that is, macrocells, are overlapped with a large number of randomly distributed femtocells, can potentially bring significant benefits to spectral utilization and system capacity. In a two‐tier network, the cross‐tier interference needs to be handled properly. Unlike the downlink interference, the uplink (UL) interference at femtocell caused by macrocell user equipment (MUE) has not been addressed sufficiently. When an MUE is located near the coverage of femtocell, its transmit power may cause UL interference to the femtocell receiver, especially for the closed subscriber group femtocells that share the entire frequency spectrum with macrocell. We propose a novel quasi‐access strategy, which allows the interfering MUE to connect with the interfered femtocell access point (FAP) while only via UL. It can significantly alleviate the UL interference at the FAP as well as its neighbors, in the meantime, benefit the macro‐tier. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes, dysglycemia and cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Cukierman‐Yaffe Tali
Published: December 2013

Evidence from the last decade supports the hypothesis that diabetes may be viewed as a disease of accelerated cognitive ageing. It is a risk factor for the development of dementia, for an accelerated rate of cognitive decline and for cognitive dysfunction. Thus, ‘diabetes‐related cognitive dysfunction’ may be viewed as another long‐term complication of diabetes. This article will review the evidence supporting this hypothesis and will elaborate on the implications for patient care, as well as discuss potential treatment options and their limitation. The final section reviews possible mechanistic explanations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.