bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standardization of eTOM model for solving problems of the Russian telecommunications market
Authors: Tcukanova Olga , Torosyan Elena , Morozova Marina , Shekhovtsova Ekaterina
Published: August 2019

The article considers the problems of the Russian telecommunications market, substantiates the need for standardization of the eTOM model for OSS/BSS systems. There is a necessity to regulate the eTOM model (Enhanced Telecom Operations Map) by domestic regulatory documents in the domestic market. It will allow creating holistic and high-quality operations of end-to-end processes, providing a basis for understanding and managing IT application portfolios in terms of requirements for business processes. The authors conclude that the regulation of the eTOM model could solve the problems of the OSS/BSS solutions of the Russian market.
Youth entrepreneurship as a basis for sustainable urban development: social and legal aspect
Authors: Lez’er Viktoria , Semerianova Nina , Kopytova Anna , Truntsevsky Yuri
Published: August 2019

Young people involved in entrepreneurial activities play an important socio-economic role. This fact is recognized by the state; therefore, youth entrepreneurship is defined as one of the priority directions of youth policy in Russia. The younger generation contributes to the rapid development of small and medium-sized businesses, formation of a sustainable middle class, creation of new jobs and reduction of unemployment, which has a beneficial effect on the economy of the state as a whole. However, at present, there is a decrease in the interest of young people to participate in entrepreneurial activities, this fact has determined the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of youth participation in entrepreneurial activities in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area - Ugra. For successful development of youth entrepreneurship in Russia, it is necessary to conduct a single comprehensive study of this institution by the efforts of various branches of science - sociology, economics, law, etc., taking into account geographical and national characteristics of development of territories, their budgets and state of finances.
Impact of energetics development on the sustainability of the regional economy
Authors: Merkulova Elena , Kondrakov Oleg , Menshchikova Vera , Vertakova Yulia
Published: August 2019

Gross regional product (GRP) per capita is the main indicator of the development level in a region, determining budgetary economic security and living standards of the population in the region. The energy sector has a great influence on the economic and sustainable development of the regions. The studying problem of the influence level in electricity consumption, the electrical equipment of labour, the volume of industry shipped products on the level of GRP is relevant. The main indicator of ensuring economic security in the region is a high level of GRP per capita. The factors affecting this indicator are revealed. The paper considers the degree of GRP dependence on the following indicators: electricity consumption in industry, the volume of goods shipped by manufacturing industries, the electrical equipment in industrial work (manufacturing industries). By the method of factor analysis, generalized characteristics of regional development are made.
Modeling of the management of the microwave grain drying process
Authors: Morozov Sergey , Kuzmin Konstantin , Pogodin Denis , Kochetkova Lyudmila , Rogozhina Anna
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the VisSim program, which allows simulating microwave grain drying process. Its capabilities and methods of development are shown, the structure of a mathematical model for management of the drying process and individual blocks is provided. It is noted that offered modeling of the grain drying process makes it possible to evaluate it as a technological process, as well as to show the possibility of its optimization. It should be noted that this method is environmentally friendly and less energy intensive than others.
Efficiency of social investment projects from the position of the institutional approach
Authors: Glazkova Valerya , Marchenko Elizaveta
Published: August 2019

The research objective is the development of the recommendations for the assessment of the efficiency of social investment projects, which fixes the uniform approach to the assessment, taking into account the interests of all the interested parties. The creation of effective institutes in the market economy of our country is one of pressing issues now. The efficiency of investments into social investment projects is considered in terms of the theory of institutionalism. It is offered to consider the assessment of the efficiency of social projects which is based on the methodical norms and rules that allow carrying out the assessment uniformly, on the basis of the uniform reasonable principles, with equal accounting of interests of all the interested parties. The social investment project is the form of manifestation of such an institute. Society, state, business, and future generations are considered as the economic agents of the assessment of efficiency. The institutional approach to the assessment of efficiency of the implementation of social investment projects that allow estimating the behavior of agents and operating the system of their relations is the result of the research. The result of the research can be applicable for the assessment of efficiency of the social investment project by any of the agents considered within the offered institute.
Industrial experiment study on inclusion evolution in 95CrMo Steel
Authors: Wang Linzhu , Li Junqi , Yang Shufeng , Chen Chaoyi , Jin Huixin , Li Xiang , Zhuang Changling , Ju Jiantao
Published: August 2019

In order to clarify the evolution mechanism of inclusions in 95CrMo, the industrial experiments were conducted. The composition, morphology and size of inclusions during refining and solidifying processes were analyzed by SEM-EDS detection and thermodynamic calculations. The inclusion evolution during refining process in molten 95CrMo steel can be concluded as: Al2O3 → Al2O3-MgO-CaO/CaS → Al2O3-MgO-SiO2-CaO-CaS, which is affected by slag-metal reaction and corrosion of refractory. The change of inclusion size during refining was analyzed based on their collision and floatation behavior. The composition of inclusions in billets indicate that there were mainly five types of inclusions, including spinel with sharp angle, spherical oxide inclusion composed of Al2O3, MgO, SiO2and CaO, oxide-sulfide inclusion with single phase, inclusion with duplex phase, and MnS inclusion. The type of inclusions affects their size. The thermodynamic results indicate that most complex oxides formed in molten steel and no spinel generated during cooling process. CaS formed in the molten steel after tundish metallurgy and there were still some CaS precipitated in solid steel. MnS precipitated after steel solidification. The calculated results based on FACTSAGE 7.1 are in agreement with experimental results on the whole.
Monitoring, analysis and post-casting of the Earth’s particle radiation environment during February 14–March 5, 2014
Authors: Kalegaev Vladimir , Panasyuk Mikhail , Myagkova Irina , Shugay Yulia , Vlasova Natalia , Barinova Wera , Beresneva Evgenia , Bobrovnikov Sergey , Eremeev Valery , Dolenko Sergey , Nazarkov Ilya , Nguyen Minh , Prost Arnaud
Published: August 2019

Internet-based system of Space Monitoring Data Center (SMDC) of Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University (SINP MSU) has been developed to predict and analyze radiation conditions in near-Earth space. This system contains satellite measurement databases and operational models and devoted to collect, store and process space weather monitoring data in the near real-time. SMDC operational services acquire data from ACE, SDO, GOES, Electro-L, Meteor-M satellites and use them for forecasting, now-casting and post-casting of space weather factors. This paper is intended to give overview of operational services of SMDC Internet-based system and demonstrate their possibilities and limitations to analyze space weather phenomena and predict radiation and geomagnetic conditions in the near-Earth space during February 14–March 5, 2014. This prolonged period of high level solar and geomagnetic activity demonstrates various manifestations of the space weather: solar proton events, geomagnetic storms and outer radiation belt (RB) dynamics. Solar sources of interplanetary space disturbances and their influence on geomagnetic and radiation state of the Earth’s magnetosphere were described using output coming from SMDC’ Web-based applications. Validation of SMDC’s operational models was performed based on the quality of description of the physical conditions in near-Earth space during space weather events observed from February 14 to March 5, 2014. The advantages and disadvantages of SMDC operational services are illustrated and discussed based on comparison with data obtained from satellites.
APP – Das Amberger Perforationsprojekt als Grundlage für die Etablierung eines Komplikationserfassungs- und Managementsystems (KEMS) in der Endoskopie
Authors: Decassian Thomas , Dauer Marc
Published: August 2019

Hintergrund Zurzeit ist ein Paradigmenwechsel bei der Therapie der iatrogenen gastrointestinalen Perforation hin zu einer primär endoskopischen Versorgung festzustellen.

Material und Methoden Alle Perforationen im Rahmen aller konsekutiven gastrointestinalen Endoskopien von 01.01.2014 bis 31.12.2017 im Klinikum St. Marien Amberg wurden erfasst, dokumentiert und evaluiert. Hausinterne SOPs zum Prozedere wurden erstellt und kommuniziert. Grundsätzlich wurde der primäre interventionell-endoskopische Perforationsverschluss angestrebt, stets im interdisziplinären Konsens mit der Viszeralchirurgie.

Ergebnisse Es kam im Beobachtungszeitraum zu 24 Perforationen bei 18 627 konsekutiven Endoskopien (0,13 %). Fälle mit bildgebendem Nachweis freier Luft ohne erkennbare Perforation waren gleich häufig wie Perforationen (12 Post-Polypektomiesyndrome und 12 Ereignisse nach ERCP mit EPT). Die Diagnose der Perforation erfolgte zu 95,8 % (23/24) innerhalb 12 h (davon 20 bereits bei der Endoskopie). Die initiale Therapiemodalität war in jeweils 3 Fällen primär operativ bzw. primär konservativ und in 17 Fällen primär endoskopisch (4 × Clips, 10 × OTSC, 3 × SEMS). In 1 Fall wurde keine Therapie durchgeführt. Es war eine Letalität von 4,2 % (1/24) zu verzeichnen. In 3 Fällen war sekundär ein operatives Vorgehen erforderlich, sodass insgesamt in 25 % (6/24) eine chirurgische Therapie erfolgte. Die interventionell-endoskopische Therapie war technisch erfolgreich zu 94,1 % (16/17) bei einem klinischen Erfolg nach Perforationsverschluss von 87,5 % (14/16).

Diskussion Das Konzept der interventionell-endoskopischen Therapie iatrogener Perforationen ist im klinischen Alltag sicher und erfolgreich umsetzbar. Entscheidende Erfolgsfaktoren sind die kurze Zeitspanne bis zum Verschluss der Perforation und der stets anzustrebende interdisziplinäre Konsens im Vorfeld der Therapie. Auf der Basis der Ergebnisse wurde ein umfassendes Komplikationserfassungs- und Managementsystem (KEMS) für die Endoskopie ab 2016 in unserer Klinik etabliert (integriert in das Befunderstellungssystem und das Klinikinformationssystem).
Sekundär sklerosierende Cholangitis bei kritisch Kranken
Authors: Hentschel Florian , Bornscheuer Till , Lüth Stefan
Published: August 2019

Die sklerosierende Cholangitis der kritisch Kranken (secondary cholangitis of the critically ill patient: SC-CIP) ist eine relativ neue Entität innerhalb der sekundären Cholangitiden. Sie entwickelt sich in der Folge einer intensivmedizinischen Behandlung mit Beatmung und Katecholamintherapie. Pathophysiologische Grundlage ist eine ischämische oder immunologische Schädigung der intrahepatischen Gallenwege, die sich verselbstständigt und über das Ende der Intensivtherapie hinaus fortbesteht. Klinisch und laborchemisch findet sich zunächst eine akute Cholangitis mit einem Anstieg von CRP, gamma-GT, AP und Bilirubin. Die ERCP zeigt Schäden an den kleinen Gallenwegen mit Kalibersprüngen und biliären Ausgusskonkrementen. Die darauf folgende chronische Phase verläuft oligosymptomatisch. Alle Laborparameter bleiben aber leicht erhöht; in ERCP und MRCP zeigt sich ein fortschreitender Untergang der intrahepatischen Gallenwege. Die Langzeitprognose ist schlecht. Auch unter einer Therapie mit UDCA entwickelt die Mehrzahl der Patienten innerhalb von Monaten bis wenigen Jahren eine Leberzirrhose.
Magnesium-Catalyzed N2-Regioselective Alkylation of 3-Substituted Pyrazoles
Authors: Xu Di , Frank Lena , Nguyen Tina , Stumpf Andreas , Russell David , Angelaud Remy , Gosselin Francis
Published: August 2019

A highly regioselective Mg-catalyzed alkylation of 3-substituted pyrazoles has been developed to provide N2-alkylated regioisomers. Using α-bromoacetates and acetamides as alkylating agents, this new method was applied to a variety of 3-substituted and 3,4-disubstituted pyrazoles to produce the N2-alkylated products with high regioselectivities ranging from 76:24 to 99:1 and 44–90% yields.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: August 2019

Börsenexperte, analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse* ausgewählter Kliniken
Quantification of atomic hydrogen anion density in a permanent magnet based helicon ion source (HELEN) by using pulsed ring down spectroscopy
Authors: Mukhopadhyay D. , Pandey A. , Bandyopadhyay M. , Tyagi H. , Yadav R. , Chakraborty A.
Published: August 2019

In the present work, a permanent magnet-based helicon plasma source (HELEN) is characterized as a negative ion source. A noninvasive diagnostic technique based on cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) is developed to measure the line-integrated negative hydrogen ion (H−) density in HELEN. This paper discusses the experimental results in which negative hydrogen ion density is measured for different magnetic field, pressure, and RF (13.56 MHz) power configurations. It is observed that in high power range (800–850 W), the source is operating in helicon wave heating mode with a background plasma density of ∼1018 m−3 and electron temperature of ∼2 eV. Negative hydrogen ion density is measured by CRDS method and also by optical emission spectroscopic technique. The measured negative ion density is in the range of ∼1016 m−3 under volume mode operational condition even without any use of standard magnetic filter or cesium seeding in the downstream region. The influence of pressure variation (pressure range from 4 × 10−3 mbar to 4 × 10−2 mbar) on negative ion density production is not significant, except for a particular axial magnetic field configuration (55 G) and at 8 × 10−3 mbar pressure, where ∼34% hike is observed.
ReaxFF-based molecular dynamics simulation of DNA molecules destruction in cancer cells by plasma ROS
Authors: Yang Shuhui , Zhao Tong , Zou Liang , Wang Xiaolong , Zhang Yuantao
Published: August 2019

Medical applications of plasma have been a hot topic of research recently. Studies have shown that cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) plays a beneficial role in cancer treatments and can selectively kill cancer cells. Some reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plasma react with cancer cells, altering the cellular structure and inducing apoptosis. Currently, however, it is difficult to determine the microscopic mechanism of the reaction between plasma and cancer cells. In this work, a reactive force field was used to model the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage caused by three ROS (O, OH, and H2O2) at the atomic level. The simulation showed that the ROS of CAP reacted with the DNA of cancer cells, breaking important chemical bonds in DNA molecules and damaging the genes of cancer cells. Therefore, the reaction between ROS and DNA molecules affects gene transcription, replication, and reproduction of cancer cells and inhibits their unlimited proliferation. O atoms, OH radicals, and H2O2 can damage DNA molecules at different structural positions, causing major irreversible damage to the molecular structure of the DNA.
Finite field formalism for bulk electrolyte solutions
Authors: Cox Stephen J. , Sprik Michiel
Published: August 2019

The manner in which electrolyte solutions respond to electric fields is crucial to understanding the behavior of these systems both at, and away from, equilibrium. The present formulation of linear response theory for such systems is inconsistent with common molecular dynamics (MD) implementations. Using the finite field formalism, suitably adapted for finite temperature MD, we investigate the response of bulk aqueous NaCl solutions to both finite Maxwell (E) and electric displacement (D) fields. The constant E Hamiltonian allows us to derive the linear response relation for the ionic conductivity in a simple manner that is consistent with the forces used in conventional MD simulations. Simulations of a simple point charge model of an electrolyte solution at constant E yield conductivities at infinite dilution within 15% of experimental values. The finite field approach also allows us to measure the solvent’s dielectric constant from its polarization response, which is seen to decrease with increasing ionic strength. Comparison of the dielectric constant measured from polarization response vs polarization fluctuations enables direct evaluation of the dynamic contribution to this dielectric decrement, which we find to be small but not insignificant. Using the constant D formulation, we also rederive the Stillinger-Lovett conditions, which place strict constraints on the coupling between solvent and ionic polarization fluctuations.
State space distribution and dynamical flow for closed and open quantum systems
Authors: Dodin Amro , Willard Adam P.
Published: August 2019

We present a general formalism for studying the effects of heterogeneity in open quantum systems. We develop this formalism in the state space of density operators, on which ensembles of quantum states can be conveniently represented by probability distributions. We describe how this representation reduces ambiguity in the definition of quantum ensembles by providing the ability to explicitly separate classical and quantum sources of probabilistic uncertainty. We then derive explicit equations of motion for state space distributions of both open and closed quantum systems and demonstrate that resulting dynamics take a fluid mechanical form analogous to a classical probability fluid on Hamiltonian phase space, thus enabling a straightforward quantum generalization of Liouville’s theorem. We illustrate the utility of our formalism by analyzing the dynamics of an open two-level system using the state-space formalism that is shown to be consistent with the derived analytical results.
Three-dimensional shock interactions and vortices on a V-shaped blunt leading edge
Authors: Zhang Enlai , Li Zhufei , Li Yiming , Yang Jiming
Published: August 2019

The three-dimensional flow on a plate with a V-shaped blunt leading edge (VsBLEP) is investigated numerically and experimentally at a freestream Mach number 6. A complex saddle-shaped shock front is observed on this VsBLEP under the interactions between the detached shock (DS) induced by the swept blunt leading edge and the bow shock (BS) induced by the crotch. It is demonstrated that a new type of spatial transition exists on this saddle-shaped shock front, which involves the transition of shock interactions (i.e., DS and BS) from the same family upstream of the crotch to opposite families downstream of the crotch. Moreover, this transition is quantitatively identified according to the shock-induced spanwise velocity along the inflection line between DS and BS, which is of great importance because it affects the crossflow significantly. The inward crossflow induced by the swept blunt leading edge is enhanced in the region where the DS and BS are from the same family, and the shear layers generated in this region converge gradually to the spanwise symmetry plane, which results in the formation of a streamwise counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP). In the region where the DS and BS turn to opposite families, the inward crossflow is eliminated, and a five-shock structure is identified downstream of the crotch. The CVP remains close to the spanwise symmetry plane as it trails downstream, showing a far-reaching influence on the flowfield. This study indicates that the V-shaped blunt leading edge affects the downstream flow significantly and therefore should be examined carefully in practical applications, such as in the design of an inlet cowl lip.
Cell trapping in Y-junction microchannels: A numerical study of the bifurcation angle effect in inertial microfluidics
Authors: Hymel Scott J. , Lan Hongzhi , Fujioka Hideki , Khismatullin Damir B.
Published: August 2019

The majority of microfluidic technologies for cell sorting and isolation involve bifurcating (e.g., Y- or T-shaped junction) microchannels to trap the cells of a specific type. However, the microfluidic trapping efficiency remains low, independently of whether the cells are separated by a passive or an active sorting method. Using a custom computational algorithm, we studied the migration of separated deformable cells in a Y-junction microchannel, with a bifurcation angle ranging from 30° to 180°. Single or two cells of initially spherical shape were considered under flow conditions corresponding to inertial microfluidics. Through the numerical simulation, we identified the effects of cell size, cytoplasmic viscoelasticity, cortical tension, flow rate, and bifurcation angle on the critical separation distance for cell trapping. The results of this study show that the trapping and isolation of blood cells, and circulating tumor cells in a Y-junction microchannel was most efficient and least dependent on the flow rate at the bifurcation angle of 120°. At this angle, the trapping efficiency for white blood cells and circulating tumor cells increased, respectively, by 46% and 43%, in comparison with the trapping efficiency at 60°. The efficiency to isolate invasive tumor cells from noninvasive ones increased by 32%. This numerical study provides important design criteria to optimize microfluidic technology for deformability-based cell sorting and isolation.
On the optimal relative orientation of radicals in the cryptochrome magnetic compass
Authors: Atkins Chadsley , Bajpai Kieran , Rumball Jeremy , Kattnig Daniel R.
Published: August 2019

Birds appear to be equipped with an innate magnetic compass. One biophysical model of this sense relies on spin dynamics in photogenerated radical pairs in the protein cryptochrome. This study employs a systematic approach to predict the dependence of the compass sensitivity on the relative orientation of the constituent radicals for spin systems comprising up to 21 hyperfine interactions. Evaluating measures of compass sensitivity (anisotropy) and precision (optimality) derived from the singlet yield, we find the ideal relative orientations for the radical pairs consisting of the flavin anion (F•−) coupled with a tryptophan cation (W•+) or tyrosine radical (Y•). For the geomagnetic field, the two measures are found to be anticorrelated in [F•− W•+]. The angle spanned by the normals to the aromatic planes of the radicals is the decisive parameter determining the compass sensitivity. The third tryptophan of the tryptophan triad/tetrad, which has been implicated with magnetosensitive responses, exhibits a comparably large anisotropy, but unfavorable optimality. Its anisotropy could be boosted by an additional ∼50% by optimizing the relative orientation of the radicals. For a coherent lifetime of 1 µs, the maximal relative anisotropy of [F•− W•+] is 0.27%. [F•− Y•] radical pairs outperform [F•− W•+] for most relative orientations. Furthermore, anisotropy and optimality can be simultaneously maximized. The entanglement decays rapidly, implicating it as a situational by-product rather than a fundamental driver within the avian compass. In magnetic fields of higher intensity, the relative orientation of radicals in [F•− W•+] is less important than for the geomagnetic field.
On the interdigitation of molecular brushes and solvation force upon adsorption of water in slit-like pores with grafted chains. Density functional approach
Authors: Trejos Víctor M. , Pizio Orest , Sokołowski Stefan
Published: August 2019

We have explored adsorption of a single waterlike model in slitlike pores with walls chemically modified by tethered chains that form molecular brushes. Principal focus of the present study is in the evolution of the microscopic structure of fluid species and of a system of chain molecules upon adsorption. A density functional approach is used. Various projections of the vapor–liquid coexistence envelope, including brushes interdigitation coefficient, are obtained and discussed. We have discovered that the molecular brushes can shrink or “swell” upon phase transition in confined water dependent on the attraction between fluid molecules and chains segments. Trends of behavior of the solvation force between pore walls are investigated dependent on the parameters of the system. Particular attention is paid to the appearance of the effective attraction between pore walls.
ARF6 and AMAP1 are major targets of
KRAS
and
TP53
mutations to promote invasion, PD-L1 dynamics, and immune evasion of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hashimoto Shigeru , Furukawa Shotaro , Hashimoto Ari , Tsutaho Akio , Fukao Akira , Sakamura Yurika , Parajuli Gyanu , Onodera Yasuhito , Otsuka Yutaro , Handa Haruka , Oikawa Tsukasa , Hata Soichiro , Nishikawa Yoshihiro , Mizukami Yusuke , Kodama Yuzo , Murakami Masaaki , Fujiwara Toshinobu , Hirano Satoshi , Sabe Hisataka
Published: August 2019

Significance

Pancreatic ductal carcinomas (PDACs) have been extensively studied regarding their genomic alterations, microenvironmental intercommunication, and metabolic reprogramming. However, identification of the protein machinery of tumor cells that eventually drives malignancy as a result of driver mutations, and their associated events, is highly anticipated toward the development of precision medicine. The lack of such information regarding PDACs has hindered the elucidation of mechanisms driving malignancies, leaving them incurable. Here we demonstrated that the 2 well-known pancreatic driver mutations cooperatively activate a specific signaling pathway that promotes tumor invasion and immune evasion properties. Our results provide insights into the molecular basis by which malignancies often develop in parallel with oncogenesis and PDAC cell growth, as well as druggable targets for immunotherapies.
Classifying fishing behavioral diversity using high-frequency movement data
Authors: O’Farrell Shay , Chollett Iliana , Sanchirico James N. , Perruso Larry
Published: August 2019

Significance

Effective fisheries management is needed to rebuild overfished stocks and prevent future overfishing, and doing so requires an understanding of fishers’ behavior. We offer an approach where “big data” routinely collected by many fisheries agencies can be used in a data-driven framework to classify fishers into discrete behavioral types, refining themétierconcept and facilitating the inclusion of behavioral information into near-real-time fisheries management.
Investigating the cognitive ergonomic aspects of translation tools in a workplace setting
Authors: Teixeira Carlos S. C. , O'Brien Sharon
Published: August 2019

This paper reports on an empirical study that investigates the translation process in the workplace from a cognitive ergonomic perspective. In particular, the interaction between ten translators employed by a language service provider and the tools they deploy are examined. To that end, we recorded the translators’ workplace activities using keystroke logging, screen recording and eye tracking, combined with short retrospective interviews. We analysed their behaviour in terms of how they switched between the two screens on their desks, how they used different tools and where they invested their visual attention. Data related to productivity and quality are also presented. Among other findings, our data reveal that validation searches for terms and general expressions lead to considerable tool and task switching among professional translators.
Undoing dubbing
Authors: Dwyer Tessa
Published: August 2019

Focusing on the film industry’s transition to sound in the late 1920s, canonical musical Singin’ in the Rain is, foremost, a dubbing narrative. This chapter revisits this film classic in order to bring into focus lesser-known histories relating to screen translation, and to think specifically about the importance of talk and inter-lingual translation to the development of film culture broadly. Singin’s emphasis on dubbing as domestic operation invites reconsideration of the transition era’s ‘language crisis’ and the artificial voice/body combinations integral to foreign-language dubbing. Precisely because Singin’ does not deal directly with issues of inter-lingual translation, it demonstrates how sound technologies catapult issues of language difference and transfer to the very heart of film production, prefiguring the inter-lingual in the everyday.
Locked into dubbing
Authors: Mereu Keating Carla
Published: August 2019

In this contribution I will look at a selection of archival documents which help us gain a better understanding of the reasons behind the introduction of dubbing in Italy during the early 1930s and its establishment as the country’s mainstream AVT practice in the decades that followed. Commercial, political, cultural and linguistic issues were at stake, and they affected the way foreign-language films were translated and circulated in Italy for mass consumption. These particular historical circumstances triggered a long-standing cultural and commercial habit and had enduring consequences for the development and diversification of the AVT industry in Italy.
Audiovisual translation in the age of digital transformation
Authors: Chaume Frederic
Published: August 2019

This chapter presents three different, though intertwined, implications of digital transformation in the various processes of audiovisual translation. Firstly, the relevance that technological developments have had on audiovisual translation and localization will be dealt with. Having chosen technological progress as a key point in describing audiovisual translation and localization, the possibilities offered by technology to foster international communication and to make an impact on international audiences will be analyzed. Secondly, the role of these new audiences, and their unexpected empowerment due to the democratization brought about by technology, will also be analyzed. Finally, and following this downstream thread, instances of audiovisual translation used as political weapons will be tackled; these will illustrate how translators, eventually, can use audiovisual translation to make themselves visible, in order to convey political and ideological ideas, and ultimately, take action.
Are we all together across languages?
Authors: Di Giovanni Elena , Romero-Fresco Pablo
Published: August 2019

In one of the first attempts to apply eye-tracking technology to the area of dubbing, this chapter reports on an experiment conducted in 2016 with viewers of the original English and dubbed Italian version of Wes Anderson’s The Grand Budapest Hotel. The study analysed the gaze behaviour of participants watching different scenes, focusing on variations in attentional synchrony and visual momentum. The results show less attentional synchrony and a higher visual momentum for the dubbing viewers. They also support the existence of the so-called dubbing effect, an unconscious eye movement strategy performed by dubbing viewers to avoid looking at mouths in dubbing, which prevails over the natural and idiosyncratic way in which they watch original films and real-life scenes.
To Europe with love
Authors: Chiaro Delia
Published: August 2019

Between 2008 and 2012, Woody Allen directed three films that have come to be known as his “European trilogy”, namely Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008), Midnight in Paris (2011) and To Rome with Love (2012). Each storyline involves the temporary relocation of one or more north-American protagonists to the European city in the title, in which, as well as complicated trysts, we find displaced characters who undergo a great deal of culture shock as they clash and merge with the experiences of a foreign locale and, of course, a different language. This chapter will examine the trilogy from the perspective of Allen’s technical recreation of lingua-cultural otherness in his non-American characters in the original version of each film.
Representing orality through questions in original and translated film dialogue
Authors: Ghia Elisa
Published: August 2019

Due to their preeminently spoken nature, direct questions are favourite loci to represent orality in telecinematic talk, where they are overrepresented and fulfill both mimetic and diegetic functions (Ghia 2014). However, no systematic comparisons have been drawn between translated and non-translated film dialogue in the same target language to identify potential register-specificities in question representation. Based on the analysis of the Pavia Corpus of Film Dialogue (Pavesi 2014), this chapter investigates question usage across dubbed and original Italian film dialogue, on both a formal and a functional level. Findings show common traits between the two registers, but document differences in pattern distribution, which typify dubbed discourse and may result from both source text interference and T-universals (Chesterman 2004).
Populist discursive strategies surrounding the immigration quota referendum in Hungary
Authors: Furkó Bálint Péter
Published: August 2019

The present chapter approaches populist discourse in Hungary through a case study of parliamentary speeches surrounding the immigration quota referendum of 2 October, 2016. The analysis uses a mixed methodology of quantitative and qualitative approaches at the intersection of corpus linguistics, Critical Discourse Analysis and pragmatic marker research. The aim is to identify populist discursive strategies used by government and opposition parties in the course of parliamentary debates relating to (anti-)immigration in general and the immigration quota referendum in particular. The findings suggest that most discursive strategies (e.g. polarizing, suppression, antagonizing, selective presentation) can be observed in both pro- and anti-government campaigns, but there are differences in the degree of implicitness/explicitness used and in the linguistic realizations of the strategies.
Scotland’s contribution to English vocabulary in Late Modern times
Authors: Dossena Marina
Published: August 2019

This chapter discusses some nineteenth-century Scottish authors, lexicographers, and periodicals that are
frequently cited as sources in the Oxford English Dictionary, in order to assess their role in the
expansion of English vocabulary that occurred throughout Late Modern times. As these citations concern the first
instances of both new lexical items and of new meanings, their proportion is analyzed paying special attention to
the former. Literary sources are considered on account of their relative popularity at different points in time, but
the article also discusses periodicals and dictionaries, which could have a greater or lesser encyclopaedic approach
to the vocabulary they collected. The study shows that the complexity of lexical accretion in Late Modern times
requires the study of a broad range of materials in the cultural framework in which they were produced and received.
Levelling processes and social changes in a peripheral community
Authors: Jansen Sandra
Published: August 2019

This chapter presents a sociolinguistic study of changes due to levelling in the use of prevocalic /r/ in
Maryport, a peripheral community in the county of Cumbria in the far north-west of England. Mixed-effect models are
used to investigate linguistic and social constraints in the levelling process. The results show that levelling of
prevocalic /r/ is under way and has progressed further in Carlisle than in Maryport. Social changes such as the loss
of local employment and the breaking up of neighbourhoods as social networks are provided as reasons for the decline
of the local variant.
Using the ReSOLVE framework for circularity in the building and construction industry in emerging markets
Authors: Iyer-Raniga Usha
Published: August 2019

Circularity supports the move from linear to circular systems where more efficient, zero waste systems are created by closing material inputs and loops. The design, maintenance, manufacturing and use ensure virgin materials are no longer needed for day to day living. For the built environment sector, building materials and its use underpins the trajectory of circularity in the sector. Improved building materials, increased standardization and appropriate storage and transportation may reduce waste. Increased adaptability and multi-use spaces in buildings support multiple occupants and end users. This paper focuses on understanding the requirements to move to a circular pathway for the building and construction sector in emerging markets, using secondary literature and case studies. The ReSOLVE framework developed by Arup and Ellen MacArthur Foundation consists of Regenerate, Share, Optimize, Loop, Virtualise and Exchange to support circularity in the built environment. Not just the building materials themselves and advanced techniques of construction, but also new business models are required so that the socioeconomic system may also support circularity approaches. Increased digitalisation also supports the adoption of circular opportunities. Emerging economies globally need to consider circular approaches to meet the current and future demands of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Urban green infrastructure: perspectives on life-cycle thinking for holistic assessments
Authors: Romanovska Linda
Published: August 2019

This article discusses the application of life-cycle thinking (LCT) methods for holistic urban green infrastructure (UGI) assessments to inform and enhance urban sustainability decision-making. It draws upon scientific and grey literature to present the key concepts and emerging LCT methodology developments within the urban green infrastructure evaluation context. Key methodological challenges are identified and discussed: the issues of (i) defining “green infrastructure” and (ii)“urban” boundaries, achieving (iii) the full representation of the broad range of UGI benefits and impacts (iv) over its whole life cycle, as well as (v) accounting for the wide variety of UGI types, their combinations and (vi) inherently dynamic nature, (vii) high performance dependency on climatic and other local conditions, and also, the challenges related to (viii) the monetisation of costs and benefits for comprehensive economic evaluation as well as (ix) the issues of city-scale assessments. Further methodology development and data needs for the adaptation of LCT methods for urban green infrastructure assessments are outlined. Four guiding principles are proposed: alignment with global urban sustainability goals, integration of ecosystem services accounting, harmonisation with existing LCA and LCC standards, and co-creation. The article concludes that urban green infrastructure is a novel field of application of LCT methods and differs considerably from traditional uses due to a range of methodological challenges specific to the inherent characteristics of urban green infrastructure. These need to be addressed in order to close the knowledge gaps and better understand the holistic value and performance of urban green infrastructure to enable evidence-based decision-making.
Localized Effective Tourism Carrying Capacity using Tourist Proxemics and Corrective Factors, The Case of Sabang Beach in Baler, Aurora, Philippines
Authors: De Vera M.
Published: August 2019

Researches are being carried out but few studies incorporate the role of tourist as means by which changed are produced. Similarly, tourist developers and LGUs have often failed to embody the social components into development plan and policies promoting tourist activity. This study focused on the combining these areas in order to create harmonious relationship between tourism and the tourists. In this study the concept of capacity received considerable attention as a result of increasing anthropogenic drivers and pressure in Baler in the last few years. The study aimed to create a refined and simplified process of Tourism Carrying Capacity (TCC) as first carried out by Boullon (1985) through incorporation of a corrective factors and required area per tourists using local proxemics. Field survey and tourist mapping were conducted in order to determine the required area per tourist and tourists’ proxemics, which essentially measures visitor density and crowding tolerance. In the absence of changes, beyond this density, visitor numbers start to decline. The study was able to approximate both perceived and observed tourist proxemics. Corrective factors and local tourist’s proxemics are incorporated to the localized and refined Effective Tourism Carrying Capacity formula (ETCC). The result provides basis for both planners and regulators to determine demands and developments and help assess businesses and building permits. The results of the ETCC calculations can, however, be influenced by other corrective factors such as the recreational infrastructure, visitor attitudes, and sociocultural norms. Nonetheless, the results are considered very useful for developers and LGUs to support not only resort management but also planners and decision makers in Baler, and other coastal areas.
Smart community guideline: case study on the development process of smart communities in Japan
Authors: Gondokusuma M I C , Kitagawa Y , Shimoda Y
Published: August 2019

With the increasing demand for a sustainable society, smart community—a community that focuses on both environmental, social, and information technology efforts— become one of the answers to provide a more sustainable society. Despite the urgency to develop a smart community, the definition of what requirement should be included and the guideline on how to develop a smart community is not enough. In this paper, a case study on the Japanese smart community development measures is done, and the general development process of Japanese smart community is suggested based on the measures. The study was done on five representative cases and 14 measures were collected and classified into three categories based on the development process.
Impact of retro-reflective glass façades on the surface temperature of street pavements in business areas of Singapore and Tokyo
Authors: Martin M , Wong N H , Ichinose M
Published: August 2019

This study evaluates variations in the surface temperature of street pavements caused by retro-reflective glass when applied on highly-glazed façades of high-rise buildings located in Singapore and Tokyo. To accomplish this, simulations are conducted on one experimental site situated in business areas of Singapore and another in the city centre of Tokyo. Incoming solar radiations on street pavements and heat transfers affecting their surface temperature are among the physical phenomena being simulated. As a result of the data analysis, it appears that the use of accordion retro-reflective glass on highly-glazed façades could noticeably reduce the surface temperature of street pavements in business areas of both Singapore and Tokyo, compared with other types of glass. A more significant decrease in the surface temperature can be expected in the experimental site of Tokyo, particularly near the summer solstice. On the other hand, the design optimisation of accordion retro-reflective glass seems to be more effortlessly achieved in Singapore. These outcomes represent an encouraging step towards the reduction of building energy use, as well as the mitigation of the Urban Heat Island effect, from the use of retro-reflective glass façades in business areas of different cities experiencing various climates.
The influence of environmental factors on housing transaction price in local cities in Japan
Authors: Shinozaki Tomoaki , Tanabe Hirotaka , Fujiwara Kisa , Yokoo Noriyoshi
Published: August 2019

Generally, it is considered that individual housing quality and the convenience of location are main factors when people purchase their houses. Local governments in Japan that promote housing transaction also place importance on the convenience of location, and they do not make effective policy which consider importance on other factors such as the environmental aspect of houses and housing area. This study investigated the factors that influence housing transaction prices in local cities in Japan, and the results will be expected to contribute for making local housing policy considering environmental aspects. The study analyzed recent housing transactions of some local cities located about 100 km north of the centre of Tokyo with a population from about two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand, e.g. Utsunomiya City, using open data that contains transaction prices and various attribute of residential. We estimated hedonic prices and reveal characteristics of each region considering individual housing quality, the convenience of location and the environmental factors. In addition, we conducted a questionnaire survey in multiple detached house areas in Utsunomiya City to clarify the factor of housing choice on the consumer side. The result showed that proximity from the station did not always boost house prices. Moreover, there may be an optimal building density for the city. From the results of the questionnaire, environmental factors have affected to a certain extent on consumer’s choice of housing. This study suggested that environmental factors may influence housing selection and price formation. However, information on environmental factors in residential areas is not sufficiently prepared and it is difficult for consumers and residents to obtain it. It will be necessary to prepare it and to create a framework for housing evaluation that considers not only convenience and economy but also environmental factors.
The performance of heat pump integrated with chilled water wall for air conditioning and domestic hot water
Authors: Fang Yi-Ming , Jeffrey Lee M.C. , Mitterer Christoph , Kunzel Hartwig M.
Published: August 2019

Chilled water walls (CWWs) have been developed as a means of air cooling, dehumidifying, and air cleaning. Their operating performance is superior to that of a radiant cooling ceiling, which does not clean the air and reduce the dew water temperature. The CWW is connected to a compressor that chills the water, and the setup thus consumes much energy when operated all day. When integrated with a heat pump, the CWW can chill water on one side and heat water on the other side. Because the water temperature of the CWW is 10°C– 14°C, the heat pump can simultaneously generate chilled water at 7°C–10°C and hot water at 50°C. Additionally, indoor air pollutants are steadily removed by the thermal flow and flushed into the water tank by the water to clean the air. The dirty water can be cleaned using a filter and ultraviolet light. The heat pump integrated with a CWW supplies not only chilled water for air conditioning but also a domestic hot water supply, resulting in high energy efficiency due to multifunctionality.