bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Genetic Risk Marker for Paranoid Schizophrenia in the Chromosomal Region 9q21.13 in Tatars: A Genome-Wide Association Analysis
Authors: Gareeva A. E.
Published: May 2024

Schizophrenia, the most common severe mental illness, leads to a serious decrease in higher functions, mainly to a change in cognitive functions and perception of reality. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis; however, its genetic component still needs to be studied. The aim of the study was to identify genetic markers of paranoid schizophrenia in Tatars from the Republic of Bashkortostan. Genome-wide genotyping of DNA samples was carried out on the PsychChip biochip, which included 610,000 single nucleotide polymorphic variants (SNPs). The studied sample consisted of 357 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 383 healthy individuals of Tatar ethnicity. As a result of the study, the association of the SNP rs12376586 of the MAMDC2 gene located in the region 9q21.13 with the development of paranoid schizophrenia in Tatars living in the Republic of Bashkortostan was established for the first time.
Variability and phenotypic diversity of the Diplostomum Petromyzifluviatilis Diesing, 1850 trematodes, parasites of lampreys (Lampetrinae, Petromyzontidae)
Authors: Anikieva L. V. , Lebedeva D. I.
Published: May 2024

Variability and phenotypic diversity of Diplostomum petromyzifluviatilis metacercariae from two lamprey species, the river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis (Baltic Sea basin) and the Pacific lamprey Lethenteron camtschaticum (Arctic Ocean basin), were studied. It was found that metacercariae from both hosts are similar as in the number of variations in body shape, oral and ventral suckers, and pharynx, so in the frequency of occurrence. Differences in population diversity by variations in the shape of the Holdfast organ were found. It was shown that gostal forms possess the similar range of variability of plastic characters, but has different distribution of frequency classes of the variation curve. We hypothesized that the change in the distribution and character of variation in the size of metacercariae from the Arctic lamprey is one of the population mechanisms of species adaptation to the northern limit of its range.
Helminths of the coastal fish of the Southeastern Sakhalin (the mouth of the Dolinka river)
Authors: Frolov E. V. , Novokreschennykh S. V. , Zavarzina N. K. , Korneev E. S.
Published: May 2024

The results of ichthyoparasitological studies of fish in the coastal waters of southeastern Sakhalin are presented. Standard parasitological methods of work were used. 20 species of fish were discovered. 33 species and undefined forms of helminths were found. For 11 species of helminths (Bothriocephalus scorpii, Eubothrium salvelini, Prosorhynchus crucibulum, Steringophorus furciger, Liliatrema skrjabini mtc., Podocotyle cf. reflexa, Echinorhynchus gadi, Echinorhynchus cotti, Corynosoma strumosum juv., Corynosoma semerme juv., Clavinema mariae) of southeastern Sakhalin, new hosts have been noted. Helminths Prosorhynchus crucibulum, Echinorhynchus cotti were first recorded in coastal fish of Sakhalin.
On finding of an abundant population of free-living stages of ergasilids (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) in the Lyutoga river of Southern Sakhalin
Authors: Chaban O. A. , Alekseev V. R.
Published: May 2024

In the littoral zone of the oxbow of the Lyutoga River (Southern Sakhalin), which remains connected to the main channel, a high population density of parasitic copepods was found (103 ind./m2). Ergasilus briani Markewitsch, 1933, widely distributed in Eurasia, but not previously recorded in South Sakhalin and noted only for one water body in northwestern Sakhalin (Lake Sladkoe), demonstrated the highest population density (98 ind./m2). The abundance of the second species, Thersitina gasterostei (Pagenstecher, 1861) was significantly lower (5 ind./m2). T. gasterostei has previously been noted in South Sakhalin, but the present finding is the first for the Lyutoga River. The high abundance of free-living stages of ergasilids is presumably related to the reproductive peak and the hydrological nature of the collection site (littoral area with a slow current and strong overgrowing with macrophytes).
On the mass infection of the pine moth pupae by the eulophid parasitoid wasp Aprostocetus xanthopus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) in Voronezh oblast
Authors: Gninenko Yu. I. , Gninenko A. Y. , Kosheleva O. V.
Published: May 2024

In the outbreak of the pine moth Dendrolimus pini (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae) in Voronezh Oblast, mass infection of its pupae with the pupal parasitoid wasp, Aprostocetus xanthopus Nees, 1834 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), was revealed. It had destroyed from 7 to 25% of all phytophage pupae, which indicates its significant impact on the cocoon moth abundance. Previously, this parasitoid was frequently noted as an entomophage of the pine moth, but it has always been low in number. The biology of A. xanthopus has not been studied enough completely and this hampers its use as an agent of biological protection of pine forests from the pine moth.
Application of laser scanning thermography and regression analysis to determine characteristics of defects in polymer composite materials
Authors: Divin A. G. , Ponomarev S. V. , Mishchenko S. V. , Zakharov Yu. A. , Karpova N. A. , Samodurov A. A. , Golovin D. Yu. , Tyurin A. I.
Published: May 2024

The method of laser point scanning thermography is highly sensitive and allows for reliable detection of surface and subsurface defects in products made of polymer composite materials. When implementing this method, the use of robotic manipulators as a scanning device makes it possible to inspect small objects with a curved surface or to further examine questionable areas identified by other methods. The article provides information about the layout of a robotic complex for laser scanning thermography based on a five-axis robotic manipulator, laser power up to 3 W and wavelength 405 nm, as well as a COX CG640 thermal imager. A technique for processing experimental data has been proposed and regression models have been developed to make it possible to measure the size of defects along the trajectory and determine their location. To test the protocol, a control sample was made from fiberglass laminate, including artificial defects of the “delamination” type, in the form of squares of various sizes. The coefficient of determination R2 of regression models turned out to be no worse than 0.94, the root mean square error of the defect model and the transverse size were no worse than ±0.2 and ±1.5 mm2, respectively.
Investigation of the possibility detection of defects in rail foot by mfl method
Authors: Markov A. A. , Mosyagin V. V. , Antipov A. G. , Ivanov G. A.
Published: May 2024

The article investigates the possibility of detecting defects in the form of transverse cracks in the rail foot at continuous inspection of rails during their operation. Magnetic method is chosen as an alternative to ultrasonic inspection. Computer modeling was carried out, based on the results of which a working model of the magnetization system and registration of control signals was developed and manufactured. Experimental studies of detection of crack models in the rail foot were carried out in laboratory conditions. The studies confirmed the results of computer modeling and proved the possibility of detecting such crack models. The minimum sizes of detectable crack models in rail foot in the zone of rail fasteners and between them have been estimated.
Analysis of test results and test quality during certification of non-destructive testing specialists
Authors: Murav’ev V. V. , Volkova L. V. , Murav’eva O. V. , Murashov S. A.
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes the results of personal certification for eddy current testing of railway facilities. The influences of education level, the work experience, the candidate age on the qualifying examinations results are considered. The conformity between test task difficulties and certification candidate training is analyzed with Rasch method. The characteristic curves of test task difficulties and the characteristic curves of candidate training levels are constructed. The results general and special examinations of 2020 and 2021 are analyzed to identify extreme test questions. The research results enable to assess the candidate training and the test task difficulties through latent parameters measured as logit unit. The analysis identified test tasks with overstated and understated task difficulty logits compared with the logits of the candidate training, assessed the correspondence between test difficulties and training candidate level, and assessed a distribution uniformity of the tasks’ difficulty. The required training logit of candidates for the certification is calculated for successful passing general and special exam tests. The getting results give a basis for further analysis of the tasks complexity, identification the reasons for the insufficiency of the auditory material familiarization for the tasks with low rate of response, for making adjustments to the consulting sessions, as well as the content and form of the test.
Non-invasive recording of electroretinogram from both compound eyes in the cockroach Periplaneta americana L. in response to light stimuli
Authors: Novikova E. S. , Astakhova L. A. , Rotov A. Y. , Zhukovskaya M. I.
Published: May 2024

The paper presents an original method of non-invasive registration of electroretinogram from both compound eyes of an insect. The method demonstrated high reliability and repeatability of the results. Using this method, it was shown that the magnitude of the light responses obtained from mutant cockroaches devoid of screening pigment, pearl, was about 4 times greater than those of wild-type insects. The time to peak of the response decreased with increasing light intensity, both for short-wavelength and long-wavelength stimuli. The pearl cockroaches exhibited a faster time to peak response than wild-type cockroaches; the results of covariance analysis indicate that these differences cannot be fully explained by an increase in the number of photons reaching the photoreceptor membranes and suggest additional differences in the compound eye physiology of mutant and wild-type insects. The positive voltage wave after the end of light stimulation depends on light intensity and reflects hyperpolarization of receptor cells. The photovoltaic effect, which distorts the amplitude and the shape of the response can be eliminated by using a gold wire as a recording electrode.
The usage of physiological methods in the creation of soybean varieties
Authors: Sinegovskaya V. T. , Fokina E. M. , Dushko O. S.
Published: May 2024

The results of a study of the operation of photosystem II in the leaves of nine soybean varieties bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean are presented in order to identify genotypes with increased photosynthetic activity for inclusion in the breeding process when creating highly productive varieties of a new generation. A comparative assessment of varieties is given in terms of effective quantum yield of photosynthesis (Y) and chlorophyll fluorescence (F0), relative electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical energy conversion depending on light saturation. The soybean varieties Gracia, Sonata and Kitrossa had the highest indicators for the studied parameters, significantly exceeding the standard variety Lydia. The effective quantum yield of photosynthesis, which shows the degree of absorption of solar energy, in the Gracia and Sonata varieties during the entire growing season was at the level of 0.80–0.83 rel. units, with this indicator exceeding for the Lydia variety by 0.09–0.13 rel. units depending on the phase of plant growth and development. The quantum yield of fluorescence (F0) in the leaves of the Lydia variety during the flowering phase exceeded the Gracia, Sonata and Kitrossa varieties by 60, 56 and 63%, respectively, which indicates a reduced activity of photosystem II in this variety. The efficiency of photochemical conversion of photosynthetic energy during the flowering phase was most stable in the leaves of the Sonata variety at light levels from 600 to 1500 µmol quanta/(m2∙s). Using the soybean variety Gratsia as the maternal form (♀) when crossed with the hybrid Am.2146, which was obtained with the inclusion of the Sonata variety in the hybridization, which also has a high degree of absorption of light quanta, the Radiant variety was create. Variety passed testing in 2021–2022, and in 2023 included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for cultivation in the Far Eastern (12) region.
Experience in implementation of the No-till farming system in the Belgorod region
Authors: Savchenko E. S. , Lukin S. V. , Sergeev M. V.
Published: May 2024

The research was conducted in a forest-steppe zone of the municipality of “Korochan district” (Belgorod region). Typical and leached chernozem constituted the two types of soils, that were studied. The goal was to evaluate the main results of introduction of the No-till farming system, following the example of LLC “Meat Farms – Iskra”. It was found out that on average, throughout the years of 2018-2022, winter wheat was the most regular (24.5%), alongside sunflower (23.2%). Legumes prevalence was at 32.5% with soy (20.0%). Organic fertilizer wasn’t used in the process; however, the average dose of mineral fertilizers was 66 kg of the substance/ha, which is 42.4% lower than the average for Belgorod region. The usage of the system No-till yield the sunflower, soy and corn-beans, as well as winter wheat plantings corresponded to 2.21, 1.65, 6.35 and 4.43 t/ha, which is lower by 23.5, 20.7, 11.2,10.9% when compared with the average throughout Belgorod region. The quantity of organic substances in the arable layer of the soil underwent an increase of 0, 14%, the quantity of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium went down by 12 and 28 mg/kg accordingly, the dose of acidic soils decreased by 8,7%. The amount of mobile forms of sulfur and microelements didn’t particularly change. The profitability of crop production using the No-till system was 82.3%, which is 1.29 times higher than the average of the Belgorod region.
Correction of metabolic and structural disorders in bull spermatozoids during cryopreservation using molecular hydrogen
Authors: Ivashchenko M. N. , Deryuginа A. V. , Belov A. A. , Latushko М. I. , Ignatiev P. S. , Erzutov A. I. , Lodyanоy M. S.
Published: May 2024

The influence of molecular hydrogen on the fertility parameters and energy metabolism of spermatozoids of black-and-white Holstein bulls was studied. Sperm was diluted with sterile BioXcell medium (France), diluted in hydrogen water. We studied native sperm diluted with BioXcell and BioXcell with molecular hydrogen, as well as after deep freezing with and without pre-treatment with molecular hydrogen. The addition of molecular hydrogen to the medium for diluting sperm and subsequent freezing changed the functional status of cells after thawing, leading to an increase in their motility, an increase in the number of motile and fast sperm, and a decrease in the number of slow cells relative to the analyzed indicators of regenerative cells after cryopreservation that were not exposed to molecular hydrogen. Sperm motility after thawing was 12% higher (p ≤ 0.05), the average movement speed was 9% (p≤0.05), and the ATP content was two times higher than in sperm samples not treated with molecular hydrogen. The results of the experiment showed that the addition of molecular hydrogen to the semen extender improves the biological indicators of the quality of bull sperm, its fertility, and increases the energy metabolism of spermatozoids.
Study of the Quercus cortex extract combined effect with an enzyme supplement on hematological blood parameters and broilers chicken growth
Authors: Polyakova V. S. , Nechitailo K. S. , Sizova E. A.
Published: May 2024

The use of phytobiotics with other feed additives in agriculture may be useful for improving animal health and productivity, but further research is needed, to consider other combinations of feed additive sharing and to determine the recommended dose to increase the productivity of laying hens and broilers. In this regard, the work considers the combined effect of oak (Quercus cortex) bark extract and enzyme additive on hematological blood parameters and growth of broiler chickens. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the absolute increase in chickens of experimental group compared to the control was 10.94%. The level of total protein on day 21 in the BD+E+QC group was increased by 19.16% (p ≤ 0.05), albumin by 18.87% (p≤0.05), urea by 21.05% (p ≤ 0.05), glucose by 25.25% (p ≤ 0.05). On day 42, there was an increase in total protein by 4.01% (p ≤ 0.05), albumin by 8.31% (p≤0.05) and urea by 9.37% (p≤0.05) in the group BD+E+QC compared to BD. Analysis of mineral metabolism showed an increase in magnesium content in the BD+E+QC group by 24.5%, in calcium – 18.6%, and in phosphorus – 22.0%. The use of this diet didn’t have a negative effect on growth, morphological and biochemical blood parameters and contributed to the improvement of many indicators. From the above, it follows that the use of phytobiotics and enzyme additive can lead to a synergistic effect and a beneficial effect on farm animals.
Functional role of genes in ROH sites in Czech Golden chickens
Authors: Smaragdov M. G.
Published: May 2024

Modern technologies make it possible to identify homozygous chromosome regions that have arisen as a result of animal selection. The article presents the results obtained in the genotyping of chickens using the Illumina Chicken 60KSNP iSelect Bead Chip. For the first time, a genome-wide analysis of the extended homozygous SNP sequences (ROH) was performed in the genome of Czech Golden hens. The average number of ROH segments in the chicken genome was 143 ± 8. ROH segments are usually randomly distributed in chicken chromosomes. It has been proposed to prohibit the use of heterozygous SNPs in ROH segments to prevent overestimation of ROH data. The average inbreeding coefficient in chickens calculated from ROH data was 0.34 ± 0.03. ROH islands were found on chromosomes 2, 3, 9 and 22.They contain genesassociatedwithimmunity, degradation of neurons, Fabricius bursa weight, obesity, feather pigmentation, and regulation of hit-shock genes. In the Czech Golden chicken breed, selection and the associated inbreeding have therefore influenced the genes involved in several biological processes.
Forecasting the level of biological risks of the emergence and spread of infectious and parasitic potato diseases
Authors: Sibirev A. V. , Aksenov A. G. , Teterin V. S. , Sazonov N. V. , Mosyakov M. A. , Trunov M. S. , Godyaeva M. M.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the issues of determining the level of occurrence biological risks, as well as the spread of infectious and parasitic diseases of potato according to the parameters of the transmission mechanisms and routes. Most pathogens are characterized by a high (26.1%) and very high (43.5%) level of risk. It has been established that in the latter group, 75% of infectious and parasitic diseases of potato have a mycotic etiology, 15 – helminthic, 10% – bacterial. There are no pathogens of infectious and parasitic potato diseases of viral etiology in this group. The average score for the very high-risk group is 10.8. In the low-risk group the most of potato diseases pathogens have a bacterial etiology (80%), medium – bacterial (44.5%) and mycotic (33.3%), high – viral (66.6%).
Profesionalisme Dan Tanggung Jawab Seorang Ilmuwan Dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Jatri Intan Safira , Manik Fransiska Evayanti , Pratama Friska Surya , Syahidah Hikmah Haula , Limbangan Nida Aulia Pangesti , Amrillah Rizki
Published: May 2024

People with knowledge have the noblest position because knowledge experts are considered people who continue the struggle of the prophets. Therefore, they must convey and teach their knowledge to humans, to direct them to the path of Allah. Professionalism can be defined as a trait that is reflected in behavior, directed at the goal of carrying out a profession by producing the best quality in the work. A scientist is said to be professional if he can judge what is good and what is bad based on a solid foundation. A scientist has a responsibility to the knowledge he has, whether that knowledge can benefit society or will only cause harm. In this article, we discuss the professionalism and responsibilities of a scientist based on the characteristics of a prophet. This article uses a literature study research method by collecting various quotations from books and journals. The results of the research are the understanding of scientists from an Islamic perspective, the professionalism of a scientist, the prophetic nature that is the basis of a scientist's professionalism, and the responsibilities of a scientist based on religious and state perspectives.
Analisis Etika Pendidik dalam Persepektif Al-Qur’an; Kajian Tafsir Al-Mishbah
Authors: Kurnia Sofiani Ika , Hijratunnisak Maya , Nabila Mir’atun
Published: May 2024

The phenomenon that occurs today, teachers in carrying out their duties do not pay much attention to the affective development that occurs to their students. Most of them today only abdicate their responsibility in conveying knowledge. Therefore, good ethics of a teacher are needed in teaching. Therefore, in this case, research will be carried out on educator ethics in the perspective of the Qur'an based on the study of the interpretation of Al-Mishbah by M. Quraish Shihab. The method used in this research is a literature review (library research) by collecting information based on reference sources in written form related to the research title. From this research, it can be concluded that based on the perspective of QS. Al-Imran verse 159 and QS. Al-A'raf verse 199 there are several ethics that must be possessed by educators. The ethics are: educators must be gentle, forgiving, willing to deliberate, able to invite good and leave all bad and trust Allah SWT.
Tujuan Pendidikan Islam Dalam Al-Qur’an : Kajian Surat Az-Zariat Ayat 56
Authors: Luthfiana Nurlathifah  , Mia Lisartika
Published: May 2024

Jinn and humans were created to worship, but Allah SWT granted jinn and humans freedom of choice regarding worship with the consequences of that choice being accounted for in the afterlife. This research aims to discuss the meaning of jinn and humans, explain the basic meaning of the word al-ins, describe jinns and humans conceptually in the Qur'an, explain the relationship between these two creatures in the context of worship in the QS. Adz-Dzariyat 56 as an educational goal in the Al-Qur'an: study of the letter Ad-Dzariat verse 56. The research method used is qualitative through literature study. This research examines the interpretation of Surah Adz-Dzariyat verse 56 regarding the meaning of jinn, al-ins, the nature of worship and its relevance to educational purposes from various interpretive points of view and is strengthened by other verses of the Qur'an. al-ins in the Koran which has the burden of mukallaf.
THE REFLECTION OF DIDACTICAL DESIGN RESEARCH LEARNING AS AN EFFORT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHER EDUCATION (ESTE) LECTURERS’ PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Wardani Duhita Savira , Wulandari Medita Ayu , Farihah Zaqiyah Lailatul
Published: May 2024

The determining factors for the success of the learning process are students and the teacher/lecturer as the person most responsible for implementing the learning process. This study aimed to describe the process of learning reflection as the professional development of Elementary School Teacher Education (ESTE) lecturers based on Didactical Design Research (DDR) in learning the Elementary Science Basic Concepts course. The method used in this research is qualitative. The research design used is phenomenology. This research was conducted at the ESTE Study Program, one of the tertiary institutions in Cimahi City. The participants in this study were an ESTE lecturer. Data collection techniques used in this study were participant observation, interviews, and focus group discussions. The data analysis technique used was Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The results showed that there were several learning obstacles in the form of epistemological obstacles, which occurred due to students' lack of knowledge related to the concepts they were learning and caused students to experience misconceptions. Then a hypothetical learning trajectory is compiled as a series of learning paths that students go through to achieve more meaningful learning goals. The limitation in this study is that the analysis of each step in the DDR process has not been fully described, so that for further research each step can be clearly described to see a more real impact from the lecturer professional development process that has been implemented.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa SMK Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Kecakapan Matematis Pada Materi Bangun Ruang
Authors: Hutajulu Masta , Senjayawati Eka , Minarti Eva Dwi
Published: May 2024

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK membutuhkan suatu keahlian, kemampuan atau kecakapan untuk mengaplikasikan setiap kompetensi termasuk kecakapan matematis dalam dunia kerja. Kecakapan matematis dinilai sangat penting dan dibutuhkan dalam meningkatkan kualitas dirinya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat hasil analisis kesalahan siswa SMK dalam menyelesaikan soal kecakapan matematis pada materi bangun ruang. Subyek yang digunakan adalah 5 orang siswa kelas XII di SMK TI Pembangunan Cimahi. Bentuk pengambilan data yaitu pemberian soal tes dengan indikator berbeda pada setiap butir soal. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi pendahuluan. Dari rekapitulasi perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, didapat bahwa persentase kesalahan yang paling banyak dilakukan siswa yakni 80 % pada indikator adaptive reasoning (penalaran adaptif), dimana siswa masih melakukan kesalahan dilihat dari aspek konseptual sebesar 30%, aspek prosedural juga 30% serta aspek teknik 20%. Sedangkan persentase kesalahan yang paling sedikit dilakukan siswa yakni 20 % pada indikator procedural fluency (kelancaran prosedural), dimana siswa tidak melakukan kesalahan dilihat dari aspek konseptual, tetapi pada aspek prosedural melakukan kesalahan 10% serta aspek teknik juga 10%.
The purpose of this study was analyzing the answers of Vocational students on a mathematical proficiency test in three-dimensional geometry. The subjects of this study were 12th-grade students in SMK TI Pembangunan Cimahi. The data obtained from giving a test with indicators of students' mathematical proficiency that is different in each item question. This is a preliminary study. Based on the recapitulation of the results in the analysis and calculations that have been made, it was found that the most percentage of errors made by students is 80% on adaptive reasoning indicators, where students still make mistakes seen from conceptual aspects by 30%, procedural aspects also 30% and technical aspects 20%. While the least percentage of errors is 20% on procedural fluency indicators, where students do not make mistakes on conceptual aspects, but on procedural aspects and technical aspects make mistakes of 10%.
Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Mahasiswa melalui Pembelajaran Think Talk Write
Authors: Sumartini Tina Sri
Published: May 2024

Kemampuan komunikasi matematis perlu dimiliki mahasiswa untuk menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi perlu didukung oleh pembelajaran yang tepat, diantaranya pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi mahasiswa antara yang belajar dengan pembelajaran Think Talk Write dan konvensional, serta mengetahui interpretasi peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi mahasiswa dari kedua kelas. Metode penelitian yaitu kuasi eksperimen. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan teknik Purposive Sampling dengan sampel sebanyak dua kelas di Program studi Pendidikan Matematika Institut Pendidikan Indonesia. Analisis data secara kuantitatif dengan uji gain ternormalisasi dan Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian yaitu pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi mahasiswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran Think Talk Write lebih baik dari mahasiswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran konvensional, peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis mahasiswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran Think Talk Write memiliki interpretasi tinggi sedangkan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis mahasiswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran konvensional memiliki interpretasi sedang.
Communication ability needs to be possessed by students to solve mathematical problems. Improved communication skills need to be supported by appropriate learning, one of which is learning Think Talk Write (TTW). The purpose of this study is to analyze the achievement and improvement of communication ability between students who are learning with Think Talk Write learning and conventional learning, as well as to find out interpretations of improved communication ability of students from both classes. The research method is quasi-experiment. The sampling technique is the purposive sampling technique by taking a sample of two classes in the Mathematics Education Study Program of the Institut Pendidikan Indonesia. Data analysis was performed quantitatively using the normalized gain test and Mann Whitney. The results of the study are the achievement and improved of communication skills of students who study with Think Talk Write learning is better than students who study with conventional learning, improvement of mathematical communication skills of students who study with Think Talk Write learning has a high interpretation while increasing mathematical communication skills of students who study with conventional learning have medium interpretations.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar dan Sikap Siswa terhadap Matematika melalui Joyful Learning
Authors: Istiqomah Umi , Prihatnani Erlina
Published: May 2024

Hasil reflektif pada proses pembelajaran di kelas yang berdampak terhadap rendahnya hasil belajar dan sikap siswa terhadap matematika. Proses pembelajaran belum berfokus pada siswa dan antusias siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran kurang. Hal yang dilakukan adalah menyelenggarakan kegiatan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, salah satunya melalui strategi Joyful Learning. Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan sikap terhadap matematika siswa kelas VIII E SMP Negeri 7 Salatiga pada materi Pola Bilangan. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan model Kemmis & Mc Taggart dengan 4 tahap, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal tes dan angket sikap terhadap matematika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar pada siklus 1, 2, dan 3 berturut-turut adalah 69,64; 70,76 dan 74,32 dengan persentase ketuntasan kelas berturut-turut pada siklus 1, 2, dan 3 adalah 60%, 64%, dan 84%. Adapun untuk aspek sikap terhadap matematika, persentase siswa yang memiliki sikap positif atau sangat positif terhadap matematika pada siklus 1, 2, dan 3 berturut-turut berjumlah 72%, 96%, dan 96%. Disimpulkan bahwa penerapan strategi Joyful Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan sikap terhadap matematika pada materi pola bilangan siswa kelas VIII E SMP Negeri 7 Salatiga.
Reflective results in the learning process in the classroom that have an impact on the low learning outcomes and attitudes of students towards mathematics. The learning process has not focused on students and the enthusiasm of students in learning is lacking. The thing to do is to organize fun learning activities, one of which is through the Joyful Learning strategy. The purpose of the study was to improve learning outcomes and attitudes towards the mathematics of class VIII E students of SMP Negeri 7 Salatiga in the material of Number Patterns. This class action research uses the Kemmis & Mc Taggart model with 4 stages, planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The instruments used were test questions and attitude questionnaires towards mathematics. The results showed that the average learning outcomes in cycles 1, 2 and 3 were 69.64 respectively; 70.76 and 74.32 with the percentage of grade completeness in succession in cycles 1, 2 and 3 are 60%, 64%, and 84%. As for aspects of attitudes toward mathematics, the percentage of students who have a positive or very positive attitude towards mathematics in cycles 1, 2, and 3 respectively amounted to 72%, 96%, and 96%. It was concluded that the application of the Joyful Learning strategy can improve learning outcomes and attitudes toward mathematics in the material of number patterns of class VIII E SMP Negeri 7 Salatiga.
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Yunita Alfi , Juwita Ratulani , Kartika Suci Elma
Published: May 2024

Anggapan bahwa matematika sulit dan besarnya rasa takut siswa untuk bertanya pada guru menjadi permasalahan tersendiri dalam pembelajaran matematika. Solusinya adalah dengan menerapkan suatu model pembelajaran kooperatif seperti Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian pre-eksperimen, dengan desain penelitian one shot case study. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMPN 5 Padang yang terdaftar pada tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 yang berjumlah sembilan kelas. Sampelnya yaitu 28 siswa kelas VIII.5 yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampel. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal posttest berupa essay. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Siswa tampak aktif dengan melakukan banyak aktivitas belajar.
The assumption that mathematics is difficult and the fear of students asking teachers is a problem in learning mathematics. The solution is to apply a cooperative learning model such as the Teams Games Tournament (TGT). This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the Implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Cooperative Learning Model on the Learning Outcomes of Grade VIII Students of SMPN 5 Padang. This type of research is pre-experimental research, with a one-shot case study design. The study population was all eighth-grade students of SMPN 5 Padang who were enrolled in the 2019/2020 school year, totaling nine classes. The sample is 28 students of class VIII.5 determined by a purposive sample technique. The instrument used was a post-test question in the form of an essay. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an Effect of the Implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Cooperative Learning Model Against Student Learning Outcomes.
Studi Etnomatematika terhadap Para Pengrajin Payung Geulis Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat
Authors: Muslim Siska Ryane , Prabawati Mega Nur
Published: May 2024

Penelitian dilatarbelakangi pertentangan opini mengenai hubungan matematika dengan budaya, yang mengarah pada ethnomathematics. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui serta mendeskripsikan etnomatematika pada pembuatan Payung Geulis Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian yaitu kualitatif dengan metode etnografi. Subjek penelitian dipilih melalui metode purposive sampling, yaitu tiga orang pengrajin Payung Geulis yang berada di Panyingkiran, Indihiang, Kota Tasikmalaya serta telah menjadi pengrajin selama lebih dari 10 tahun. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian yaitu peneliti sendiri dengan didukung beberapa instrumen lainnya yaitu pedoman observasi, pedoman wawancara, alat rekam dan kamera. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kaitan antara Payung Geulis dengan matematika yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya unsur-unsur matematika berdasarkan konsep geometri. Konsep geometri tersebut diantaranya berupa geometri bangun datar, geometri bangun ruang, simetri, geometri transformasi (refleksi, translasi, dan rotasi) serta kekongruenan.
Research is motivated by conflicting opinions about the relationship between mathematics and culture, which leads to ethnomathematics. This research aims to determine and describe ethnomathematics in the manufacture of Tasikmalaya Geulis Umbrellas. The research method is qualitative with ethnographic methods. The subjects in this study were selected using a purposive sampling method where the subject was a Payulis Geulis craftsman in Panyingkiran, Indihiang, Tasikmalaya City and had been a craftsman for more than 10 years. Data collection techniques used are observation, interview, and documentation. The research instrument was the researcher himself, supported by several other instruments, namely observation guidelines, interview guidelines, recording equipment, and cameras. Data analysis techniques used in this study are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions or verification. Based on the results of data analysis, it was concluded that there is a relationship between Umbrella Geulis with mathematics which is indicated by the existence of mathematical elements based on the concept of geometry. The geometrical concepts include the geometry of the flat structure, geometry of geometry, symmetry, the geometry of transformation (reflection, translation, and rotation) and concordance.
Forecasting the 20-Year Incidence of Dementia by Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Region Based on Mid-Life Risk Factors in a U.S. Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Churchill Nicola , Barnes Deborah E. , Habib Mina , Nianogo Roch A.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) incidence varies based on demographics, but mid-life risk factor contribution to this variability requires more research.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to forecast the 20-year incidence of dementia in the U.S. overall and stratified by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and U.S. geographic region given prior mid-life risk factor prevalence and to examine the extent to which risk factor differences 20 years ago may explain current SES, race/ethnicity, or regional disparities in dementia incidence.

Methods:

We applied the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) prediction model to the 2006 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in participants aged 45 to 64 to estimate the 20-year risk of incident ADRD.

Results:

The 20-year risk of dementia among middle-aged Americans was 3.3% (95% CI: 3.2%, 3.4%). Dementia incidence was forecast to be 1.51 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.71) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.44) times that in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black individuals respectively compared statistically to Non-Hispanic White individuals given mid-life risk factors. There was a progressive increase in dementia risk from the lowest versus highest SES quintile. For geographic region, dementia incidence was forecast to be 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.30) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.43) times that in Midwestern and Southern individuals respectively compared statistically to Western individuals.

Conclusions:

Some disparities in dementia incidence could be explained by differences in mid-life risk factors and may point toward policy interventions designed to lessen the ADRD disease burden through early prevention.
Blood Pressure Variability and Plasma Biomarkers of Neuronal Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Clinic-Based Study of Patients with Diseases Along the Heart-Brain Axis
Authors: Starmans Naomi Louisa Paula , Kappelle Laurens Jaap , Muller Majon , Staals Julie , Teunissen Charlotte Elisabeth , Biessels Geert Jan , van der Flier Wiesje Maria , Wolters Frank Johannes ,   on behalf of the Heart-Brain Connection Consortium
Published: May 2024

Higher blood pressure variability (BPV) predisposes to cognitive decline. To investigate underlying mechanisms, we measured 24-h ambulatory BPV, nocturnal dipping and orthostatic hypotension in 518 participants with vascular cognitive impairment, carotid occlusive disease, heart failure, or reference participants. We determined cross-sectional associations between BPV indices and plasma biomarkers of neuronal injury (neurofilament light chain) and Alzheimer’s disease (phosphorylated-tau-181 and Aβ42/Aβ40). None of the BPV indices were significantly associated with any of the biomarkers. Hence, in patients with diseases along the heart-brain axis, we found no evidence for an association between BPV and selected markers of neuronal injury or Alzheimer’s disease.
Early-Onset Autosomal Dominant Myopathy with Vacuolated Fibers and Tubular Aggregates but No Periodic Paralysis, in a Patient with the c.1583G>A (p.R528H) mutation in the CACNA1S Gene
Authors: Bisciglia Michela , Kadhim Hazim , Lecomte Sophie , Vandernoot Isabelle , Desmyter Laurence , Remiche Gauthier
Published: May 2024

Dominant mutations in CACNA1S gene mainly causes hypokalemic periodic paralysis (PP)(hypoPP). A 68-year-old male proband developed a progressive proximal weakness from the age of 35. Muscle biopsy showed atrophic fibers with vacuoles containing tubular aggregates. Exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous p.R528H (c.1583G>A) mutation in the CACNA1S gene. CACNA1S-related HypoPP evolving to persistent myopathy in late adulthood is a well-known clinical condition. However, isolated progressive myopathy (without PP) was only exceptionally reported and never with an early onset. Reporting a case of early onset CACNA1S-related myopathy in a patient with no HypoPP we intend to alert clinicians to consider it in the differential diagnosis of younger adult-onset myopathies especially when featuring vacuolar changes.
Relationship Between Hand Strength and Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Implications for Clinical Trials
Authors: Decostre Valérie , De Antonio Marie , Servais Laurent , Hogrel Jean-Yves
Published: May 2024

Background:

Measurement of muscle strength and motor function is recommended in clinical trials of neuromuscular diseases, but the loss of hand strength at which motor function is impacted is not documented.

Objectives:

To establish the relationship between hand strength and function, and to determine the strength threshold that differentiates normal and abnormal hand function in individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) or Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA).

Methods:

Maximal handgrip and key pinch strength were measured with the MyoGrip and MyoPinch dynamometers, respectively. Hand function was assessed using the MoviPlate, the Motor Function Measure items for distal upper limb (MFM-D3-UL) and the Cochin Hand Function Scale (CHFS).

Results:

Data from 168 participants (91 DMD and 77 SMA, age 6–31 years) were analyzed. Relationships between strength and function were significant ( P < 0.001). Hand function was generally preserved when strength was above the strength threshold determined by Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis: For MFM-D3-UL, the calculated handgrip strength thresholds were 41 and 13% of the predicted strength for a healthy subject (% pred) and the key pinch strength thresholds were 42 and 26% pred for DMD and SMA, respectively. For the MoviPlate, handgrip strength thresholds were 11 and 8% pred and key pinch strength thresholds were 21 and 11% pred for DMD and SMA, respectively. For participants with sub-threshold strength, hand function scores decreased with decreasing strength. At equal % pred strength, individuals with SMA had better functional scores than those with DMD.

Conclusions:

Hand function is strength-dependent for most motor tasks. It declines only when strength falls below a disease-specific threshold. Therefore, therapies capable of maintaining strength above this threshold should preserve hand function.
ExoBand, A Passive Wearable Device as a Walking Aid in Neuromuscular Patients: First Quantitative Assessment
Authors: Semplicini Claudio , Agostini Michela , Andrigo Cinzia , Masiero Stefano , Piccione Francesco , Sorarù Gianni
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Exoband (by Moveo, Padova, Italy) functions as a walking brace, comprising a belt and two leg loops connected by a mechanism that stores energy during the initial phase of the gait cycle and releases it in the subsequent phase. This enhances hip flexor thrust, leading to functional improvement in walking for individuals with conditions characterized by proximal weakness. It has been approved as a passive wearable device for individuals with impaired walking abilities. Objective of this study was to establish a protocol to assess the use of Exoband in patients with various neuromuscular disorders.

Methods:

This exploratory retrospective study includes consecutive patients diagnosed with neuromuscular disorders (CIDP, motor polyneuropathy, MND), exhibiting a proximal involvement and gait abnormalities. The evaluation protocol incorporated specific walking-related outcome measures, the 10-meter walk test (10mWT), Time-up-and-go test (TUG), and 2-minute walking test (2MWT). The assessments were conducted both with and without the Exoband under standard conditions.

Results:

Eight patients (6 males, aged 60–78 years) were tested. An increase in velocity was observed in the 10mWT (median 13.4 sec, IQR 12.0–15.7 vs. 12.2 sec, IQR 11.3–14.2 seconds, p < 0.05) and the TUG (14.0 sec, IQR 13–16.2 vs 13.35 sec, IQR 11–13.8; p < 0.05, by non-parametric Wilcoxon test), and a trend of increase in 2MWT (median 88.2 vs 92.6 m, n.s.). Six out of 8 patients reported subjective benefits from the very first use, including improved walking stability, speed, confidence, and reduced fatigue.

Conclusions:

Our protocol provides a quantitative assessment of Exoband usefulness for patients affected by neuropathies with gait abnormalities. Further investigations are warranted to assess the long-term effects of its regular Exoband use, its efficacy in specific neuromuscular diseases, and its potential role as a rehabilitation device.