bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow diversion of cerebral aneurysms in Type I osteogenesis imperfecta: A case report of the first two treatments in humans
Authors: Zarrin David A , Campos Jessica K , Meyer Benjamen M , Himstead Alexander S , Laghari Fahad , Collard de Beaufort Jonathan C , Golshani Kiarash , Beaty Narlin B , Bender Matthew T , Colby Geoffrey P , Coon Alexander L
Published: August 2024

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) predisposes individuals to easy bone fracture, vessel fragility, and platelet dysfunction. We report the first known case of neurointerventional treatment with flow diversion of intracranial aneurysms in a patient with OI. A 62 year-old female with known OI Type I, history of >40 lifetime bone fractures and hypertension, underwent workup for transient ischemic attacks revealing a 4-mm right A1 segment aneurysm in 2016. Perioperative dual antiplatelet therapy was aspirin 81 mg and clopidogrel 37.5 mg daily. Tri-axial access was utilized to deploy a 3.5 × 16-mm Pipeline Flex device without complication. Two-month follow-up revealed Raymond I (O’Kelly Marotta I) obliteration of the aneurysm. Five-year follow-up revealed a de novo left-sided 3-mm A1–A2 junction aneurysm. A 4 × 12-mm Surpass Evolve was placed without complication. Six-month follow-up revealed Raymond I (O’Kelly Marotta I) obliteration of the second aneurysm. The patient remained asymptomatic at all follow-up visits.
The Infinite Cafe: The Surf N’ Turf Disaster
Authors: Carlson Zachary , Rohrabaugh Ava , Byrd Karen
Published: August 2024

This study examines how a large-scale catering event had consequential communication issues. Significant efforts were made to accommodate guests’ food allergens and dietary restrictions by creating a separate menu for vegan and allergen-free dishes. Despite these measures, one customer, Danny, a pescatarian with a severe tree nut allergy, felt ostracized from his tablemates and jealous of their seafood dish. He attempted to change his meal, but the kitchen had not prepared any extra dishes, leaving him with the vegan option. The study employs social identity theory to analyze Danny’s experience at the event.
‘It’s Home for now’: Sense of Home Among Emerging Adults in Permanent Supportive Housing Through the Lens of Ontological Security Theory
Authors: Milligan Tara , Resing Keely , Littman Danielle Maude , Bender Kimberly , Coddington Laura
Published: August 2024

Not often implemented with emerging adults (18 – 25 years), permanent supportive housing (PSH) is an intervention which aims to support transitions from chronic housing insecurity. Ontological security theory (OST) -- a sense of being whole and alive on a continuous spectrum – serves as a lens to understand this transition. Through longitudinal surveys using semi-structured interview questions, emerging adults living in PSH ( N = 28) in western Colorado described their relationship to the concept of ‘home’ through an OST lens. We found that time in one place as well as emerging adults being able to ponder ‘what’s next’ served as key elements to defining home as well as trust in other residents and staff, consistent policies, a positive sense of safety, and control also impacted residents’ experiences. These findings offer insight into how PSH service providers may support residents and promote OST during unique developmental phases of emerging adulthood.
A Rare Complication of Proteus Brain Abscess Due to Coccidioidomycosis Causing Hydrocephalus
Authors: Dao Kevin Trong , Dulani Saakshi , Saripalli Aishwarya , Mishra Shikha , Fox Kasey
Published: August 2024

Proteus mirabilis is a very common gram-negative facultative anaerobe seen in urinary tract infections. This rod-shaped bacterium tends to cause urolithiasis via its ability to alkalinize the urine. However, in some cases, this bacterium has been shown to cause bacteremia as well as other complicated infections. Here we would like to present a rare case of Proteus mirabilis that has invaded the brain in a patient that has a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placed due to coccidioidal meningitis causing hydrocephalus. We would also like to discuss the importance of the monitoring of VP shunt and discuss their likelihood of infections and the medical as well as surgical management.
Undergraduate Grading Practices of International and Domestic Faculty: Evidence From Three Large U.S. Public Universities
Authors: Pham Trang , Potochnick Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Given the prominence of international instructors in higher education, understanding their grading practices is essential for informing college grading debates. This first large-scale assessment of undergraduate grading practices highlights how different demographic, classroom and departmental factors shape international instructors’ grading behaviors. Using a unique dataset of over 2,000 randomly selected instructors from three public universities, we examine (a) whether undergraduate-level grading practices differ between domestic and international instructors, (b) what factors contribute to the differences, and (c) whether the differences vary across key subgroups. We find that international instructors grade lower than domestic instructors—about 35% of a standard deviation lower on average. Part of this gap is explained by the concentration of international instructors in particular departments. International instructor grading practices differ across regions of origin, prior U.S. higher education experience, gender, and race. Our results provide insights into U.S. college grading debates and supporting the international instructor workforce.
Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota disruption promotes vascular calcification by reducing short-chain fatty acid acetate
Authors: Zeng Shi-Yu , Liu Yi-Fu , Zeng Zhao-Lin , Zhao Zhi-Bo , Yan Xi-Lin , Zheng Jie , Chen Wen-Hang , Wang Zhen-Xing , Xie Hui , Liu Jiang-Hua
Published: August 2024

Background

Vascular calcification is a common vascular lesion associated with high morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular events. Antibiotics can disrupt the gut microbiota (GM) and have been shown to exacerbate or attenuate several human diseases. However, whether antibiotic-induced GM disruption affects vascular calcification remains unclear.

Methods

Antibiotic cocktail (ABX) treatment was utilized to test the potential effects of antibiotics on vascular calcification. The effects of antibiotics on GM and serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in vascular calcification mice were analyzed using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics, respectively. Further, the effects of acetate, propionate and butyrate on vascular calcification were evaluated. Finally, the potential mechanism by which acetate inhibits osteogenic transformation of VSMCs was explored by proteomics.

Results

ABX and vancomycin exacerbated vascular calcification. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics analyses showed that ABX and vancomycin treatments resulted in decreased abundance ofBacteroidetesin the fecal microbiota of the mice and decreased serum levels of SCFAs. In addition, supplementation with acetate was found to reduce calcium salt deposition in the aorta of mice and inhibit osteogenic transformation in VSMCs. Finally, using proteomics, we found that the inhibition of osteogenic transformation of VSMCs by acetate may be related to glutathione metabolism and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. After adding the glutathione inhibitor Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and the ubiquitination inhibitor MG132, we found that the inhibitory effect of acetate on VSMC osteogenic differentiation was weakened by the intervention of BSO, but MG132 had no effect.

Conclusion

ABX exacerbates vascular calcification, possibly by depleting the abundance ofBacteroidetesand SCFAs in the intestine. Supplementation with acetate has the potential to alleviate vascular calcification, which may be an important target for future treatment of vascular calcification.
Ectopically expressed rhodopsin is not sensitive to X-rays
Authors: Cannon Kelli , Bartley Aundrea , Dobrunz Lynn , Bolding Mark
Published: August 2024

Visual perception of X-radiation is a well-documented, but poorly understood phenomenon. Scotopic rod cells and rhodopsin have been implicated in visual responses to X-rays, however, some evidence suggests that X-rays excite the retina via a different mechanism than visible light. While rhodopsin’s role in X-ray perception is unclear, the possibility that it could function as an X-ray receptor has led to speculation that it could act as a transgenically expressed X-ray receptor. If so, it could be used to transduce transcranial X-ray signals and control the activity of genetically targeted populations of neurons in a less invasive version of optogenetics, X-genetics. Here we investigate whether human rhodopsin (hRho) is capable of transducing X-ray signals when expressed outside of the retinal environment. We use a live-cell cAMP GloSensor luminescence assay to measure cAMP decreases in hRho-expressing HEK293 cells in response to visible light and X-ray stimulation. We show that cAMP GloSensor luminescence decreases are not observed in hRho-expressing HEK293 cells in response to X-ray stimulation, despite the presence of robust responses to visible light. Additionally, irradiation had no significant effect on cAMP GloSensor responses to subsequent visible light stimulation. These results suggest that ectopically expressed rhodopsin does not function as an X-ray receptor and is not capable of transducing transcranial X-ray signals into neural activity for X-ray mediated, genetically targeted neuromodulation.
Balancing between dual belongings when organised into interdisciplinary teams, with the trust model as the context: A qualitative study
Authors: Slåtsveen Ruth-Ellen , Wibe Torunn , Halvorsrud Liv , Lund Anne
Published: August 2024

Background

Home-based healthcare services are facing challenges and pressures of increasing needs due to an ageing population, rising workload for an overburdened workforce, and limited financial resources. The trust model is an approach to address the challenges, by organizing the home-based healthcare services into smaller, autonomous interdisciplinary teams. The aim is to involve users and next of kin in decision-making and trusting frontline workers’ professional judgement, thus making the services more flexible and individually tailored. This study explores frontline workers’ practices and experiences of working within interdisciplinary teams according to the trust model’s goals.

Methods

Observations, individual-, and focus groups interviews were conducted within home-based healthcare service in a Norwegian municipality. The participants were leaders and frontline workers at different levels of the home-based healthcare services, including registered nurses, auxiliary nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and other unskilled healthcare personnel. Data was analysed thematically.

Results

The results are presented in terms of themes: ‘We all want the best for service users’, ‘Belonging to an interdisciplinary team’ and ‘Maintaining belonging to those with similar work tasks and responsibilities’. The results show a diversity among the participants’ experiences of working within interdisciplinary teams. It demonstrates a dilemma between creating belonging to and forming identities within the interdisciplinary team, and at the same time, the importance of maintaining belonging and identity with those in the same profession or with the same tasks and responsibilities.

Conclusion

This study suggests that the frontline workers need for dual belonging seems to be underestimated within the trust model, and by acknowledging this, organisations and policymakers can create environments that support both. Which in turn can enhance the possibility to deliver flexible and individually tailored services for service users.
Sociodemographic and work-related factors associated with psychological resilience in South African healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mcizana Thandokazi , Adams Shahieda , Khan Saajida , Ntatamala Itumeleng
Published: August 2024

Background

Psychological resilience facilitates adaptation in stressful environments and is an important personal characteristic that enables workers to navigate occupational challenges. Few studies have evaluated the factors associated with psychological resilience in healthcare workers.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and factors associated with psychological resilience in a group of South African medical doctors and ambulance personnel.

Materials and methods

This analytical cross-sectional study used secondary data obtained from two studies conducted among healthcare workers in 2019 and 2022. Self-reported factors associated with resilience, as measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10), were evaluated. R statistical software was used for analysing the data and performing statistical tests.

Results

A total of 647 healthcare workers were included in the study, of which 259 were doctors and 388 were ambulance personnel. Resilience scores were low overall (27.6 ± 6.6) but higher for ambulance personnel (28.0 ± 6.9) than for doctors (27.1 ± 6.0) (p = 0.006). Female gender (OR 1.94, 95%CI 1.03–3.72, p = 0.043), job category (OR 6.94 95%CI 1.22–60.50, p = 0.044) and overtime work (OR 13.88, 95%CI 1.61–368.00, p = 0.044) significantly increased the odds of low resilience for doctors. Conversely, salary (OR 0.13, 95%CI 0.02–0.64, p = 0.024) and current smoking status (OR 0.16, 95%CI 0.02–0.66, p = 0.027) significantly reduced the odds of low resilience amongst doctors. In addition, only previous alcohol use significantly reduced the odds of low resilience for ambulance personnel (OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.20–0.94, p = 0.038) and overall sample (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.29–0.91, p = 0.024).

Conclusions

Resilience was relatively low in this group of South African healthcare workers. The strong association between low resilience and individual and workplace factors provides avenues for early intervention and building resilience among healthcare workers.
Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling of environmental, climatic, and socio-economic influences on malaria in Central Vietnam
Authors: Tam Le Thanh , Thinkhamrop Kavin , Suttiprapa Sutas , Clements Archie C. A. , Wangdi Kinley , Suwannatrai Apiporn T.
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite the successful efforts in controlling malaria in Vietnam, the disease remains a significant health concern, particularly in Central Vietnam. This study aimed to assess correlations between environmental, climatic, and socio-economic factors in the district with malaria cases.

Methods

The study was conducted in 15 provinces in Central Vietnam from January 2018 to December 2022. Monthly malaria cases were obtained from the Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology Quy Nhon, Vietnam. Environmental, climatic, and socio-economic data were retrieved using a Google Earth Engine script. A multivariable Zero-inflated Poisson regression was undertaken using a Bayesian framework with spatial and spatiotemporal random effects with a conditional autoregressive prior structure. The posterior random effects were estimated using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation with Gibbs sampling.

Results

There was a total of 5,985 Plasmodium falciparum and 2,623 Plasmodium vivax cases during the study period. Plasmodium falciparum risk increased by five times (95% credible interval [CrI] 4.37, 6.74) for each 1-unit increase of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) without lag and by 8% (95% CrI 7%, 9%) for every 1ºC increase in maximum temperature (TMAX) at a 6-month lag. While a decrease in risk of 1% (95% CrI 0%, 1%) for a 1 mm increase in precipitation with a 6-month lag was observed. A 1-unit increase in NDVI at a 1-month lag was associated with a four-fold increase (95% CrI 2.95, 4.90) in risk of P. vivax. In addition, the risk increased by 6% (95% CrI 5%, 7%) and 3% (95% CrI 1%, 5%) for each 1ºC increase in land surface temperature during daytime with a 6-month lag and TMAX at a 4-month lag, respectively. Spatial analysis showed a higher mean malaria risk of both species in the Central Highlands and southeast parts of Central Vietnam and a lower risk in the northern and north-western areas.

Conclusion

Identification of environmental, climatic, and socio-economic risk factors and spatial malaria clusters are crucial for designing adaptive strategies to maximize the impact of limited public health resources toward eliminating malaria in Vietnam.
Evolution of dietary patterns in Flanders: an ecological trend study on best-selling cookbook recipes (2008–2018) and their correlation with household purchases
Authors: Proesmans Viktor Lowie Juliaan , Matthys Christophe , Vermeir Iris , Geuens Maggie
Published: August 2024

Background

With rising obesity rates in Western societies, analyzing changes in dietary patterns is paramount. While nutritional surveys have been informative, traditional cookbooks have historically shed light on national cuisines and its changes. Despite the growing popularity of online platforms for food information, cookbooks might still reflect prevalent dietary trends and the diets people follow. This study examined (1) the changes in nutritional content and food group usage in the best-selling cookbooks from 2008 to 2018, and (2) the correlation between the food groups in these cookbooks and dietary patterns (inferred from household purchases) over the same timeframe.

Methods

An exploratory ecological study was conducted on 20 main course recipes of each of the five best-selling cookbooks in Flanders annually between 2008 and 2018. Trends in macronutrients and food group usage in these recipes were analyzed using generalized linear models. Additionally, these trends were compared to household purchase data in Flanders using correlation matrices.

Results

Our results reveal a rising trend towards the use of plant-based ingredients and meat alternatives in cookbooks over the period 2008–2018. There was an increase in the usage of vegetables, nuts & seeds, and cheese. Conversely, there was a decline in the usage of meat, sugar & sweeteners, alcohol, and dairy (all p-values < 0.05). In terms of macronutrient content, there was an upswing in carbohydrate, fibre, and sugar levels, while the total fat content showed a decrease (all p-values < 0.05). The levels of protein and saturated fat remained consistent over time. Notably, shifts in plant-based and animal-based food group preferences in popular cookbook recipes align with the trends seen in actual household purchases of these food groups (all p-values < 0.05).

Conclusion

These findings indicate that cookbook content evolves over time, potentially reflecting shifts in population dietary patterns. Future research is needed to (1) determine any causative link between cookbooks and any causative link between cookbooks and (2) the potential for cookbooks to aid in health promotion.
Enhancing seed oil content and fatty acid composition in camelina through overexpression of castor RcWRI1A and RcMYB306
Authors: Park Mid-Eum , Kim Inyoung , Lee Hye Ji , Suh Mi Chung , Lee Kyeong-Ryeol , Kim Hyun Uk
Published: August 2024

Seed triacylglycerol (TAG), a major component of vegetable oil, consists of a glycerol esterified with three fatty acids. Vegetable oil has industrial applications and is widely used as edible oil. The increasing demand for plant oils, owing to population growth, it is crucial to enhance the oil content in seeds. We found castor WRINKLED1A (RcWRI1A) and R2R3-type MYB domain protein 306 (RcMYB306) which have homology with Arabidopsis WRI1 (AtWRI1) and AtMYB96 which regulate genes involved in fatty acid and TAG synthesis, respectively. These castor genes were separately and jointly overexpressed using seed-specific promoters in an oil crop, camelina (Camelina sativa). Overexpression of RcWRI1A, RcMYB306, or RcWRI1A + RcMYB306 increased the total seed oil content in camelina. However, this increase was not significantly different from that observed during the overexpression of RcWRI1A or/and RcMYB306. RcWRI1A overexpression increased the fatty acid content, including 16:0, 18:2, 18:3. Contrastingly, RcMYB306 overexpression increased the 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:0 and 20:1 fatty acid. In the RcWRI1A + RcMYB306 lines, changes in fatty acid composition demonstrated the combined effects of these transcription factors. These results suggest that RcWRI1A and RcMYB306 can be used to improve the productivity of oil crops.
Linking morphology, genome, and metabolic activity of uncultured magnetotactic Nitrospirota at the single-cell level
Authors: Ji Runjia , Wan Juan , Liu Jia , Zheng Jinbo , Xiao Tian , Pan Yongxin , Lin Wei
Published: August 2024

Background

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a unique group of microorganisms that sense and navigate through the geomagnetic field by biomineralizing magnetic nanoparticles. MTB from the phylum Nitrospirota (previously known as Nitrospirae) thrive in diverse aquatic ecosystems. They are of great interest due to their production of hundreds of magnetite (Fe3O4) magnetosome nanoparticles per cell, which far exceeds that of other MTB. The morphological, phylogenetic, and genomic diversity of Nitrospirota MTB have been extensively studied. However, the metabolism and ecophysiology of Nitrospirota MTB are largely unknown due to the lack of cultivation techniques.

Methods

Here, we established a method to link the morphological, genomic, and metabolic investigations of an uncultured Nitrospirota MTB population (named LHC-1) at the single-cell level using nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) in combination with rRNA-based in situ hybridization and target-specific mini-metagenomics.

Results

We magnetically separated LHC-1 from a freshwater lake and reconstructed the draft genome of LHC-1 using genome-resolved mini-metagenomics. We found that 10 LHC-1 cells were sufficient as a template to obtain a high-quality draft genome. Genomic analysis revealed that LHC-1 has the potential for CO2 fixation and NO3− reduction, which was further characterized at the single-cell level by combining stable-isotope incubations and NanoSIMS analyses over time. Additionally, the NanoSIMS results revealed specific element distributions in LHC-1, and that the heterogeneity of CO2 and NO3− metabolisms among different LHC-1 cells increased with incubation time.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this study provides the first metabolic measurements of individual Nitrospirota MTB cells to decipher their ecophysiological traits. The procedure constructed in this study provides a promising strategy to simultaneously investigate the morphology, genome, and ecophysiology of uncultured microbes in natural environments.
CERN for AI: a theoretical framework for autonomous simulation-based artificial intelligence testing and alignment
Authors: Bojić Ljubiša , Cinelli Matteo , Ćulibrk Dubravko , Delibašić Boris
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the potential of a multidisciplinary approach to testing and aligning artificial intelligence (AI), specifically focusing on large language models (LLMs). Due to the rapid development and wide application of LLMs, challenges such as ethical alignment, controllability, and predictability of these models emerged as global risks. This study investigates an innovative simulation-based multi-agent system within a virtual reality framework that replicates the real-world environment. The framework is populated by automated 'digital citizens,' simulating complex social structures and interactions to examine and optimize AI. Application of various theories from the fields of sociology, social psychology, computer science, physics, biology, and economics demonstrates the possibility of a more human-aligned and socially responsible AI. The purpose of such a digital environment is to provide a dynamic platform where advanced AI agents can interact and make independent decisions, thereby mimicking realistic scenarios. The actors in this digital city, operated by the LLMs, serve as the primary agents, exhibiting high degrees of autonomy. While this approach shows immense potential, there are notable challenges and limitations, most significantly the unpredictable nature of real-world social dynamics. This research endeavors to contribute to the development and refinement of AI, emphasizing the integration of social, ethical, and theoretical dimensions for future research.
Assessment of student ICT competence according to mathematics, science, and reading literacy: evidence from PISA 2018
Authors: Acun Çelik Sıla , Özkan Elgün İmgehan , Kalelioğlu Filiz
Published: August 2024

To assess the integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in teaching and learning, a new construct for ICT competence was developed by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2022. The framework for ICT assessment involves four major dimensions; access to ICT, use of ICT, students’ ICT competencies, and subject-related ICT use. In this paper, we analysed this ICT assessment in terms of validity construction of test scores with data from PISA 2018 and investigated ICT competence in relation to the variables of mathematics, science, and reading literacy. The analyses were based on public data from PISA 2018 for Turkey (N = 6890). After removal of univariate and multivariate outliers from the Turkish sample, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modelling were performed on 5438 data items. In the study, we confirmed the four-dimensional structure of ICT competence for the Turkish sample. In this study, the construct validity of the PISA 2018 application ICT test was verified using the Turkish sample. The ESCS variable was included as a control variable in the analyses due to its significant impact on the relevant variables. The analysis showed that the mathematical literacy scores of the PISA 2018 Turkish students were positively low affected by the availability of ICT, negatively low affected by the entertainment of ICT, and positively low affected by the interest and perceived competence in ICT, use of ICT for educational purposes at school and outside school, and the use of ICT related to the subject. Considering the ICT variables that affected the PISA 2018 students’ science literacy scores; the entertainment of ICT and the interest and perceived competence in ICT significantly low affected the students’ use of ICT on the subject. On the other hand, the availability of ICT negative significantly low affect their science literacy scores. While the entertainment of ICT negatively low affected the science literacy scores, interest and perceived competence in ICT and use of ICT for educational purposes at school and outside school positively low affected the students’ use of ICT on the subject. Finally, when we look at the ICT variables that low affected the students’ reading literacy scores; and use of ICT for educational purposes at school and outside school and the interest and perceived competence in ICT significantly positive low affected the use of ICT on the subject. On the other hand, the availability of ICT negative significantly low affect reading literacy scores. While the entertainment of ICT negatively low affected reading literacy scores; interest and perceived competence in ICT positively low affected the use of ICT on the subject.
Cardiac Tamponade as a Harbinger of Hypothyroidism
Authors: Ata Fateen , Al-Hattab Fatima , Bint I Bilal Ammara , Alataresh Ezeddin , Surchi Haval
Published: August 2024

Cardiac tamponade is a rare complication of hypothyroidism. In rarer cases, hypothyroidism may initially present with tamponade. Cardiac tamponade is an emergency condition that usually requires urgent intervention. However, guidelines for tamponade secondary to hypothyroidism are not optimal, and cases have been managed variably (ranging from levothyroxine alone to pericardiocentesis followed by thyroid hormone replacement) with diverse outcomes. Here, we report a case of a 42-year-old male with no medical history who presented with exertional dyspnea, lower leg swelling, facial puffiness, constipation, and weight gain. He had low blood pressure (80/60 mm Hg), normal heart rate with sinus rhythm, normal oxygen saturation, and was afebrile. Apart from a mildly raised creatinine, his test results were normal. An echocardiogram revealed features of tamponade. Further laboratory tests showed severe hypothyroidism. Following the initiation of levothyroxine, he demonstrated significant improvement. Coronary angiography revealed 95% stenosis in the mid-left anterior descending artery, treated with stenting. Serial echocardiograms showed regression of the pericardial effusion, stabilizing his condition without the need for invasive pericardiocentesis. This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism-related tamponade to prevent severe cardiac compromise. Hence, it may be necessary to consider hypothyroidism in the differential for patients with unexplained cardiac tamponade.
Quantified Ataxic Breathing Can Detect Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression Earlier in Normal Volunteers Infused with Remifentanil
Authors: Farney Robert J. , Johnson Ken B. , Ermer Sean C. , Orr Joseph A. , Egan Talmage D. , Morris Alan H. , Brewer Lara M.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Ataxic breathing (AB) is a well-known manifestation of opioid effects in animals and humans, but is not routinely included in monitoring for opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). We quantified AB in normal volunteers receiving increasing doses of remifentanil. We used a support vector machine (SVM) learning approach with features derived from a modified Poincaré plot. We tested the hypothesis that AB may be found when bradypnea and reduced mental status are not present.

METHODS:

Twenty-six healthy volunteers (13 female) received escalating target effect-site concentrations of remifentanil with a low baseline dose of propofol to simulate typical breathing patterns in drowsy patients who had received parenteral opioids. We derived respiratory rate (RR) from respiratory inductance plethysmography, mental alertness from the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (MOAA/S), and AB severity on a 0 to 4 scale (categories ranging from none to severe) from the SVM. The primary outcome measure was sensitivity and specificity for AB to detect OIRD.

RESULTS:

All respiratory measurements were obtained from unperturbed subjects during steady state in 121 assessments with complete data. The sensitivity of AB for detecting OIRD by the conventional method was 92% and specificity was 28%. As expected, 69 (72%) of the instances not diagnosed as OIRD using conventional measures were observed to have at least moderate AB.

CONCLUSIONS:

AB was frequently present in the absence of traditionally detected OIRD as defined by reduced mental alertness (MOAA/S score of <4) and bradypnea (RR <8 breaths/min). These results justify the need for future trials to explore replicability with other opioids and clinical utility of AB as an add-on measure in recognizing OIRD.
Few Anesthesia-Related Adverse Events in a Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients With Unanticipated Intensive Care Unit Admission After Ambulatory Procedures
Authors: Wohl Elyana , Dexter Franklin , Mueller Rashmi , Vannucci Andrea
Published: August 2024

We evaluated whether a hospital-based anesthesia department can validly use automated intensive care unit (ICU) admission data after elective ambulatory procedures to assess the quality of anesthetic care. Among 13,656 patients, 25 (0.2%) had an unplanned hospital length of stay >1 night and ICU admission. On review, only 1 of the 25 cases (0.007%) had an anesthesia-related complication. The false-positive incidence of anesthetic complications was ≥96% for scheduled ambulatory cases with ICU admission. Therefore, fully automated computerized identification of all unexpected ICU admissions after ambulatory procedures without manual review is an unsuitable (invalid) metric of individual anesthesiologists’ clinical performance.
Anesthetic Management of Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Zaleski Katherine L. , Matte Gregory S. , Kleinman Monica E. , Prakash Ashwin , Stein Mary Lyn
Published: August 2024

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is an ultrarare disorder of segmental premature aging that is associated with the development of advanced atherosclerosis and significant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Treatment with lonafarnib has improved survival in patients with HGPS; however, in extended longitudinal follow-up, there has been an increase in the prevalence of rapidly progressive calcific aortic stenosis. The evolving course of HGPS has prompted reconsideration of conservative management and led to the development of strategies for anatomic treatment. In this case report, we describe the anesthetic management of patients with HGPS undergoing surgical management of aortic stenosis with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Adverse effects of treating bruxism and masseter muscle hypertrophy with botulinum toxin injection - a literature review
Authors: Ratyna Klaudia , Bochenek Oliwia , Koper Mateusz , Kałuża Jessica , Konaszczuk Adrian , Nowak Aleksandra , Kozyra Oliwia , Szypuła Zofia , Paluch Katarzyna , Skarbek Małgorzata
Published: August 2024

Background Botulinum toxin injection in the masseter muscle has gained popularity for both therapeutic and aesthetic applications, such as treating bruxism, masseter hypertrophy and lower facial slimming. Despite its efficacy, adverse effects associated with this procedure have been documented. This literature review aims to analyse and summarize the adverse effects associated with botulinum toxin injection in the masseter muscle, examining their incidence, underlying mechanisms and management strategies.
Keywords botulinum toxin, masseter hypertrophy, bruxism, complications, adverse effects
Material and methods A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar was conducted using above-mentioned keywords. 
Conclusions Masseter muscle botox injection is considered a safe procedure with low incidence rate. Although the complications are temporary, they can significantly reduce patient satisfaction and confidence. To minimize the risk of complications, clinicians should familiarize themselves with risk mitigation strategies.
Impact of physical activity on mental health in elderly population
Authors: Łuczak Blanka , Słychan Katarzyna , Bulska Klaudia , Sławek Konrad , Hądzlik Izabela , Piotrowski Jan , Biały-Karbowniczek Julia , Pogoda Julia , Jędrasek Tomasz , Jędrasek Aleksandra
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Physical activity is an inseparable element of people’s lives. It reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, helps maintain physical well-being as well as mental health. Exercise is especially crucial in adults aged over 65 as this population leads a more sedentary lifestyle.
 
Objective
This article aims to evaluate the impact of exercise on mental health in elderly population.
 
Methods
A Literature review of articles published in Pubmed between 2000 and 2024 using the following words “physical activity”, “exercise”, “mental health”, “elderly population”.
 
Results
Physical activity has an impact on physical as well as mental health. In elderly population it especially influences the latter. Recent studies have shown that it can reduce a risk of dementia, enhance cognitive performance and improve social life by creating a stronger community and social network.
 
Conclusion
Physical activity is one of the crucial elements of overall well-being. It is particularly important in elderly population in maintaining mental health. It enhances cognition, reduces risk of dementia and improves social life.
Conflicted over commissioning
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: August 2024

Plans for regional commissioning of care services, while backed, should go further and faster, say experts
History education inspires local pride in pupils
Authors: Jóźwiak Gabriella
Published: August 2024

Historic England programme helps children gain a deeper understanding of their local heritage while improving writing skills and boosting mental health
Variation in Foraging Activity Areas of Worker Ants in Newly Established Red Imported Fire Ant Colonies Across Different Habitats
Authors: Lin BoJian , Liang YuLing , He ZhiTian , Wei WenXi , Lu YongYue
Published: August 2024

Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) is a severe and highly destructive invasive species. It has invaded mainland China since 2004. Understanding the foraging behavior patterns of workers in different habitats and conditions can help to develop scientific prevention and control measures. In this study, we used bait traps to measure the foraging activity of workers in newly established fire ant nests in various habitats and time periods. The results showed that the presence or absence of vegetation cover was an important factor affecting the foraging activity of fire ant workers. In bare land habitats, the foraging range and number of fire ant workers were significantly different from those in habitats with vegetation cover. The analysis of the daily average activity patterns of fire ants showed that the number of workers in sweet potato fields showed a bimodal pattern. In contrast, those in bare land and sugarcane fields showed an unimodal pattern, and those in pineapple fields showed a fluctuating pattern. It is worth noting that the bimodal and unimodal peaks in sweet potato, bare land, and sugarcane fields all occurred at 10:00 and 16:00. Therefore, in natural environments, vegetation cover, and temperature are important factors affecting the foraging activity of fire ants.
A Picky Generalist: Nesting Females of Pseudaugochlora graminea (Halictidae) are Highly Specialized in an Urban Area
Authors: Rocha-Filho Léo Correia , Araújo Thayane Nogueira , Castro-Melo Ana Luisa Sousa e , Ferreira Túlio Domingues , Augusto Solange Cristina
Published: August 2024

Urban areas act as important shelters to support bee populations, but some guilds, such as generalist species, benefit more than others. We aimed to investigate if the floral preferences of a polylectic species would change throughout the years and if gardening practices such as mowing could affect the females’ floral preferences and, thus, the bee-plant interaction networks in an urban area within a medium- sized city in Brazil. Nesting females of Pseudaugochlora graminea (Fabricius) (Halictidae) were collected and had the pollen grains attached to their scopae removed, acetolyzed, and identified in two different periods: March 2019 and March 2022. Only five plant species were identified in samples from 2019, while 13 species were detected in 2022 despite mowing and plant replacements throughout three years. Among the floral sources observed, both exotic and native species were visited by females for pollen and nectar collection. Despite being a generalist species, all interaction networks between P. graminea females and plant species were highly specialized. Females concentrated their pollen gathering on a few plant species, represented by less than ten individuals in the study area. Mowing led to the destruction of the third most important pollen source in 2019. However, plant replacements may have favored females by some nectar sources seedlings. Our findings demonstrate that gardening practices impacted the floral choices of females of a generalist bee species, whose females established highly specialized interaction networks with plants in an urban area.
Mother Angélique Arnauld's Reflections on Reform: Creating Unity and Managing Dissent at Port-Royal
Authors: Cutter Elissa
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Port-Royal's history demonstrates how aspects of internal dissent can have negative effects on the well-being of a convent. This challenge appears throughout its controversial history, beginning when Mother Angélique Arnauld (1591–1661) began to implement reform and ending with the destruction of the original convent. This article returns to the roots of this conflict by exploring how Mother Angélique responded to such internal dissent in response to her reforms. By examining her account of her reform and monastic discourses, this article argues that these sources show intentional efforts to maintain unity around reform and a theological understanding of reform.
A comprehensive review of current practices, challenges, and future perspectives in Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) cultivation
Authors: Andrian Krisna Noli , Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Wijayanti Nastiti , Karnati Srikanth , Haryanto Aris
Published: August 2024

The Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) is an ornamental fish with a high selling value because of its attractive colors, color patterns, body shape, and swimming motion. Koi fish is extensively traded in the international fish market because of their popularity among hobbyists from numerous countries worldwide. This review discusses various aspects of Koi fish cultivation, including genetic involvement, selective breeding strategies, and management systems. By examining crucial factors such as water parameters, technological innovations, and evolving cultivation methods, this review explored their influence on the quality of Koi fish. Breakthrough technologies, such as ornamental fish warehousing and recirculation aquaculture systems, enhance breeding efficiency and profitability. Molecular sexing, feed optimization, and color enhancement strategies are central to pursuing superior Koi fish. Reproduction management, disease prevention, and risk reduction during transport underscore ongoing efforts to ensure their survival. Despite notable progress, several challenges remain, including limited genetic studies, gaps in disease research, and unexplored herbal alternatives. The active involvement of hobbyists and breeders in research initiatives is a pivotal force in unlocking the untapped potential. The holistic approaches to enhance production efficiency and improve care standards require further exploration, paving the way for a sustainable future in the evolving management of Koi fish cultivation.

Keywords: cultivation efficiency, Cyprinus carpio var. koi, sustainable management system.
Timing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Resumption Following Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Nationwide Study in Japan
Authors: Ichita Chikamasa , Goto Tadahiro , Fushimi Kiyohide , Shimizu Sayuri
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:

With the increasing use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), managing these agents around endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is crucial. However, due to the need for a large number of cases, studies examining the timing of resumption are lacking, resulting in varied recommendations across international guidelines. We aimed to perform a comparative study about the resumption timing of DOACs after colorectal ESD using a nationwide database in Japan.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study on colorectal ESD using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database from 2012 to 2023. Patients using anticoagulants other than DOACs were excluded, and only those who resumed DOACs within 3 days were included. From eligible patients, we divided them into early (the day after ESD) and delayed (2–3 days after ESD) resumption groups. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to assess the delayed bleeding and thromboembolic events within 30 days. Delayed bleeding was defined as bleeding requiring endoscopic hemostasis or blood transfusion after ESD.

RESULTS:

Of 176,139 colorectal ESDs, 3,550 involved DOAC users, with 2,698 (76%) categorized as early resumption and 852 (24%) categorized as delayed resumption groups. After inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment, the early resumption group did not significantly increase delayed bleeding compared with the delayed resumption group (odds ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval 0.78–1.42; P = 0.73). However, it significantly reduced the risk of thromboembolic events (odds ratio 0.45; 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.82; P < 0.01).

DISCUSSION:

Resuming DOACs the day after colorectal ESD was associated with reduced thromboembolic events without significant increase in risk of delayed bleeding.
RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR MANUFACTURING LEAD-FREE SOLDER BY EXTRUSION
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Faizov S. , Radionova L. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Gromov D. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Glebov L. ,   South Ural State University, Erdakov I. ,   South Ural State University
Published: August 2024

Increasing legislative requirements in the field of environmental safety and limiting the use of lead in new electrical and electronic equipment increase the relevance and economic justification of the search for new low-temperature alloys for solder. This article develops a technology for producing leadfree solder rods and wires using the direct extrusion method. Using a mathematical model of direct extrusion and a computer program, the deformation and energy-force parameters of the manufacture of rods 8.0 and 15.0 mm and wire 2.0 mm from the 52In–48Sn alloy were determined. According to the calculation results, the maximum extrusion forces in the manufacture of the specified assortment are 106 kN. This must be taken into account when selecting direct extrusion equipment. Simulation in the QForm package determined the temperature and speed conditions for the extrusion of rods and wire. It was revealed that technologically the extrusion process can be implemented in the analyzed modes for all standard sizes of products. The alloy is not heated above its melting point. There are also no reasons for loss of process stability and reduction in the quality of the finished product. Strength analysis of technological equipment for the production of rods and wires showed a safety margin of more than 2.1, which is considered sufficient for metallurgical equipment. Using the developed technology, a pilot batch of 100 kg of solder wire 2.0 mm wound on coils and 150 kg of solder rod 8.0 mm was manufactured for JSC Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant.
Pomegranate peel ethanolic extract: A promising natural antioxidant, antimicrobial agent, and novel approach to mitigate rancidity in used edible oils
Authors: Aljeddani Ghalia S. M. , ALmoshadak Ameina S.
Published: August 2024

The recognition of medicinal plants for their ability to enhance human resilience in confronting pathogenic diseases and extending the lifetime of food preservation has been explored throughout history. This study aims to assess the in vitro phenolic content, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial potential of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in ethanol. The antimicrobial activity of PPE was evaluated using the agar well-diffusion method, while the total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant capacity was assessed utilizing the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique. The polyphenolic compounds present in PPE were identified using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the ability of PPE to counteract oil deterioration was assessed using four different plant-based oils: corn, olive, sunflower, and soybean. The study results revealed that PPE exhibits significant antioxidant activity, inhibits the growth of bacterial and fungal cells, and provides superior protection against oil oxidation and peroxidation at a concentration of 200 ppm, surpassing the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene. These findings underscore the role of PPE as a valuable natural resource for various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. By harnessing the beneficial properties of PPE, it is possible to develop natural and sustainable alternatives to synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. This not only contributes to the preservation of food quality and safety but also aligns with the growing demand for clean-label and eco-friendly products. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted benefits of PPE and paves the way for further exploration and utilization of this natural resource in various applications.