bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social determinants of intra-urban differentials of admissions by respiratory diseases in Salvador (BA), Brazil
Authors: Antunes Fernanda Pedro , Costa Maria da Conceição Nascimento , Paim Jairnilson Silva , Cruz Álvaro , Silva Ligia Maria Vieira da , Barreto Mauricio
Published: November 2014

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory diseases (RD) represent a significant cause of hospitalization in Brazil, occupying the first position in the rank by group of diseases. OBJECTIVE: To identify social determinants (SD) of intra-urban differentials of hospitalizations by RD and their main types (asthma and pneumonia) a study of spatial aggregation was carried out in Salvador (BA), between 2001 and 2007, taking Information Zones (IZ) as unit of analysis. METHODS: Data on hospitalizations were provided by the Health Department of Bahia State. Socioeconomic indicators were obtained from the Demographic Census carried out in 2000, and the number of health centers was acquired from the National Register of Health Services. RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis indicated association between spatial variation of the rates of hospitalization due to RD and income (β = 0.54, p < 0.001) and rate of health facilities per 10,000 inhabitants (β = 2.91, p < 0.001). Crowding was not associated. CONCLUSION: The identification of variation in SD in hospitalizations by RD in the IZ of Salvador will help in the decision-making process by public managers in defining goals and effective measures to reduce inequities in health.
Equity of access to Pap smears: population-based study in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Amorim Vivian Mae Schmidt Lima , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the Papanicolaou exam among women aged 20 to 59 years in the city of Campinas (state of São Paulo, Brazil) and to analyze associations between this test and affiliation to private health insurance plans as well as socioeconomic/demographic variables and health-related behavior. METHOD: To do so, a population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out. Statistical analyses took the study design into account. RESULTS: Despite the significant socioeconomic differences between women with and without private health plans, no differences between these groups were found regarding having been submitted to the Papanicolaou test. In fact no differences were found as to socioeconomic and health variables analyzed. Among all variables analyzed, only marital status was significantly associated with having undergone the test. The Brazilian public health system accounted for 55.7% of the exams. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate social equity in the city of Campinas regarding the preventive exam for cervical cancer in the age group studied.
The essential oil from Lippia alba induces biochemical stress in the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transportation
Authors: Salbego Joseânia , Becker Alexssandro G. , Gonçalves Jamile F. , Menezes Charlene C. , Heldwein Clarissa G. , Spanevello Rosélia M. , Loro Vania L. , Schetinger Maria Rosa C. , Morsch Vera M. , Heinzmann Berta M. , Baldisserotto Bernardo
Published: November 2014

This study investigated the effects of the essential oil (EO) from Lippia alba on biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress in the brain and liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after six hours of transport. Fish were transported in plastic bags and divided into three treatments groups: control, 30 µL L- 1 EO from L.alba and 40 µL L-1 EO from L.alba. Prior to transport, the fish were treated with the EO from L. alba (200 µL L -1 for three minutes), except for the control group. Fish transported in bags containing the EO did not have any alterations in acetylcholinesterase, ecto -nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase and 5'nucleotidase activity in the brain or superoxide dismutase activity in the liver. The hepatic catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nonprotein thiol and ascorbic acid levels were significantly lower compared to the control group. However, the hepatic thiobarbituric acid- reactive substances, protein oxidation levels and the lipid peroxidation/catalase+glutathione peroxidase (LPO/CAT+GPx) ratio were significantly higher in fish transported with both concentrations of the EO, indicating oxidative stress in the liver. In conclusion, considering the hepatic oxidative stress parameters analyzed in the present experiment, the transport of previously sedated silver catfish in water containing 30 or 40 µL L-1 of EO from L. alba is less effective than the use of lower concentrations.
Educação e saúde visando à cidadania: práxis grupal de enfermeiras
Authors: Lima Carlos Bezerra de , Baptista Suely de Souza
Published: November 2014

Estudo realizado em Comitê Comunitário, na comunidade N.S.Aparecida, periferia de João Pessoa - PB. São objetivos: caracterizar a prática das enfermeiras ali envolvidas e discutir o modo de realização dessa prática. O material analisado constou de depoimento de oito moradores da comunidade e quatro enfermeiras, coletado mediante entrevista semi-estruturada, numa abordagem qualitativa. Teve como foco de discussão as questões de educação e saúde, na perspectiva do exercício da cidadania. Nas representações dos sujeitos participantes do estudo, educação aparece como questão dinâmica e implica conscientização, uma questão de vida; Saúde é compreendida sob três óticas: a do bem - estar, a do sofrimento e a do equilíbrio biológico. A perspectiva do exercício da cidadania se revela, ora em forma de conformismo, através do silêncio ou da resignação, ora como resistência, através da manifestação do ideal e da coragem de ir à luta por melhores condições de vida.
Teoria feminista: o desafio de tornar-se um paradigma
Authors: Paiva Mirian Santos
Published: November 2014

Partindo da crise do paradigma tradicional e tendo como epicentro a crítica feminista, este trabalho tenta mostrar o desafio que enfrenta a teoria feminista para tornar-se um novo paradigma e para tanto realiza-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, consubstanciada na literatura pertinente ao tema. Evidencia-se que o desafio de ser um paradigma em ascensão faz com que esta teoria enfrente problemas teóricos, conceituais e metodológicos que precisam de um esforço conjunto para serem aprofundados e resolvidos. Todavia, o desenvolvimento desta teoria não depende apenas do mundo acadêmico, mas está também atrelado a mudanças na estrutura social, pois, de uma sociedade mais igualitária, mais facilmente emergirá um conhecimento sem dominação de gênero.
Assistência de enfermagem no hospital-dia em saúde mental do Jardim Lídia
Authors: Souza Sibele dos Santos
Published: November 2014

A autora relata sua experiência nesta instituição com característica não manicomial. Aponta que o programa de tratamento intensivo é possível para pacientes que possam permanecer em casa parte do tempo. Elabora atividades individuais e valoriza as terapêuticas grupais visando reintegrar o paciente à sociedade e proporcionar - lhe a possibilidade de uma melhor qualidade de vida.
Oficina de arte: atuação terapêutica da enfermeira psiquiátrica
Authors: Tavares Cláudia Mara
Published: November 2014

O estudo trata da experiência de cuidar em uma Oficina de Arte. Objetivando evidenciar novas possibilidades de atuação da enfermeira psiquiátrica, foram desenvolvidas atividades com pacientes psicóticos, usuários de um Ambulatório de Saúde Mental. Concluiu-se que a utilização de recursos artísticos no cuidado de enfermagem psiquiátrica favorece a relação terapêutica e o processo de reabilitação social do doente mental.
Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem: 70 anos de luta pela vida
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Kelve de Castro , Chaves Cristianne Soares , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Varela Zulene Maria de Vasconcelos
Published: November 2014

Relata-se a origem, organização, expansão, projeção da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (ABEn), associadas à sua filosofia e pondo em evidência suas realizações, desde sua origem, em 1926, até o momento atual, em que se comemora seus 70 anos. O principal objetivo do trabalho foi relatar a história da entidade ao longo dos seus 70 anos e narrar o incentivo propiciado pela mesma para que a enfermagem contribua decididamente para a construção de um corpo de conhecimentos próprios da profissão, a definição legal do exercício da profissão, a regulamentação do ensino através de suas comissões. A metodologia foi composta de pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevista com profissionais atuantes. Conclui-se que a ABEn está cada vez mais forte e consciente de como fazer para alcançar muitos outros objetivos para originar grandes conquistas que contribuirão para garantir o espaço e o poder da enfermagem como profissão voltada para o ser humano, portanto, para uma vida melhor, com mais amor, paz e justiça social.
Atendente de enfermagem: por quê? até quando?
Authors: Bezerra Marília Martins , Guerra Débora Rodrigues , Guedes Maria Vilani Cavalcante
Published: November 2014

A qualificação dos profissionais de enfermagem é importante, pois estes lidam com vidas que necessitam de assistência qualificada. Este estudo objetiva analisar opiniões de profissionais da área de saúde sobre atendentes de enfermagem. Realizado no período de março a julho de 1997, foram entrevistados enfermeiros, médicos, auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem de hospitais públicos e filantrópico de Fortaleza - CE. Os resultados mostraram: os entrevistados percebem que os atendentes, muitas vezes, desempenham o mesmo que os auxiliares de enfermagem, podendo interferir na qualidade do serviço prestado e causar iatrogenias; outros os consideram importantes nas instituições visto a prática; alguns se mostram completamente contra o processo de profissionalização dos trabalhadores não-qualificados; outros se colocam a favor, mas discordam do modo como vem ocorrendo, pois não percebem mudança na postura profissional após serem qualificados. Entende-se que esta questão é merecedora de atitudes imediatas, pois está relacionada com o objeto principal da enfermagem: o cuidar.
Auditorias e distorções: ênfase nas atividades de anotação de enfermagem
Authors: Lopes Creso Machado
Published: November 2014

Estudo junto a 34 Relatórios de Auditorias Técnico-Contábil, empreendidos em Unidades de Saúde de Rio Branco-Acre, nos anos de 1994/95, envolvendo as atividades do SIA-SIH/SUS. Como objetivo analisou-se as distorções encontradas, segundo 8 categorias em diferentes áreas de atuação, dando ênfase nas atividades de anotações de enfermagem. Estabeleceu-se também sub-categorias, as quais foram agrupadas por semelhanças de conteúdo. Nas 34 auditorias encontrou-se 491 distorções, representando uma média de 14,4 distorções por unidades. Como resultados mais significativos das categorias, destaca-se as 198(40,6%) distorções em Administração; 121(24,6%) em Medicina; 99(20,2%) em Enfermagem e 51(10,2%) em Contabilidade. Dentro das sub-categorias em Enfermagem, cita-se as 34(34,3%) distorções em anotação de enfermagem e 15(15,1%) na administração de medicamentos. Como conclusão encontrou-se que o pessoal de enfermagem não vem seguindo as regras de anotação de enfermagem, colocando em risco não só o paciente, como também o profissional e a própria unidade de saúde. Tais resultados, acredita-se, em muito contribuirão com os técnicos envolvidos na produção, controle e auditoria nos recursos oriundos do SUS.
O autoconceito x a identidade social desejada do enfermeiro
Authors: Cade Nágela Valadão
Published: November 2014

O trabalho utiliza o Inventário de Identidade Social de Zavalloni para levantar o autoconceito e a identidade social desejada de um grupo de enfermeiros lotados em um hospital universitário. Os dados foram tratados pelo método de Análise de Conteúdo, utilizando-se categorias não definidas a priori. Constatou-se a dificuldade de os enfermeiros fazerem referência de atributos positivos que tenham conotação profissional, quando verbalizaram sobre o autoconceito relacionado à profissão, e os atributos citados não atendem às expectativas, desses profissionais, quanto ao desejo de uma identidade valorizada.
Agronomic parameters assessment in hydroponic tomato crop
Authors: Herrero Baudilio , Blázquez María Elena , Cristóbal María Dolores
Published: November 2014

In this study we present the results of a comparative analysis of nutrient solution (NS) recycling and non-recycling treatments in hydroponic tomato crop. The established aims are to evaluate water consumption, pH and conductivity variation along the productive cycle in both treatments, to establish the differences in fruit yield and to assess the viability of the recycling system. Watering times and drained nutrient solution volume were counted on a daily basis. Emitter and drained water samples from both treatments were analyzed once per week in the Agricultural Institute of Fraisoro (Gipuzkoa). Tomato samples were collected, weighed and measured three times per week once the harvest had started. There was an 8% reduction in water supply; irrigation excess was between 11-38% and water supply efficiency was 6.7% higher in the recycling treatment in comparison to the non-recycling treatment. Drainage pH values fluctuated from 3.9-7.6 and conductivity varied from 1.9-3.6 mS/cm. Average yield per plant was 7.17 kg/plant. No significant differences were found regarding fruit yield, except for the commercialized smaller size tomatoes (diameter 57-67 mm) whose production was 226% higher in the non-recycling area. Fruit yield was not increased by the recycling technique in hydroponic crop. Recycling treatment viability has to be measured in terms of water and fertilizers saving and minimization of polluting waste in drainage solutions.
Uso de ácido ascórbico e cloreto de cálcio na qualidade de repolho minimamente processado
Authors: Salata Ariane C , Cardoso Antonio II , Evangelista Regina M , Magro Felipe O
Published: November 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido ascórbico (AA) e do cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2) aplicado em imersão nas temperaturas de 20 e 40ºC, sobre as características físico-químicas e sensoriais do repolho minimamente processado e mantido sob refrigeração. Os repolhos foram cortados em fatias com espessura de 3 mm. As fatias foram imersas em hipoclorito de sódio (50 ppm) por 5 minutos para higienização. Foram realizados os tratamentos T1= testemunha (imersão em água por 5 min a 20ºC); T2= imersão em solução contendo AA a 1%, por 5 min a 20ºC; T3= imersão em solução contendo AA a 2%, por 5 min a 20ºC; T4= imersão em solução contendo CaCl2 a 1%, por 5 min a 20oC; T5= imersão em solução contendo CaCl2 a 2%, por 5 min a 20oC; T6= imersão em solução contendo CaCl2 a 1%, por 5 min a 40oC; T7= imersão em solução contendo CaCl2 a 2%, por 5 min a 40oC, com quatro repetições cada. Os produtos foram centrifugados por 1 minuto, embalados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido, recobertos com policloreto de vinila de 20 µm e mantidos a 6±1oC e UR de 85-90%, por oito dias. Observou-se pequena elevação dos valores de pH e acidez titulável e diminuição nos teores de sólidos solúveis durante o período de conservação, independente do tratamento. O tratamento com AA não diferiu da testemunha quanto a cor e aparência geral, enquanto que o tratamento com CaCl2 2% a 20oC foi o que melhor manteve a qualidade, com menor escurecimento, as melhores notas para aparência geral e intenção de compra e menor odor estranho no final do período de conservação
Fibra de palmeira como substrato para hortaliças
Authors: Fermino Maria H , Gonçalves Reinaldo S. , Silveira José Ricardo P. , Battistin Alice , Trevisan Miriam , Busnello Ângela Cristina
Published: November 2014

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a possibilidade de aproveitamento dos resíduos provenientes da indústria de conserva de palmito como substrato para hortaliças. Assim, a fibra da palmeira real australiana (Archontophoenix alexandrae) foi utilizada na forma in natura (FN), coletada imediatamente após a extração do palmito e, após sofrer processo de hidrólise ácida (FH), nas proporções 1:1:1 (v:v:v) de folha, "cartucho" (bainhas) e estipe. Os materiais puros (100% FN e 100% FH) e suas misturas com turfa marrom in natura, em proporção de volume (80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 e 0:100%), foram submetidos às analises físicas (densidade úmida e seca, porosidade total, espaço de aeração e disponibilidade de água) e químicas (valor de pH e condutividade elétrica), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Todos os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, quando estatisticamente significativos, à análise de regressão.Tanto FN quanto FH puros, apresentaram baixa densidade, altos valores de porosidade total e espaço de aeração e baixa retenção de água. Em todas as misturas houve redução da densidade. A adição de FN à turfa manteve alta a porosidade total, aumentou o espaço de aeração e reduziu a disponibilidade de água. FH quando adicionado à turfa reduziu a porosidade e a disponibilidade de água e aumentou o espaço de aeração. FN e FH também elevaram o valor de pH da turfa. No entanto, a adição de FN elevou a condutividade elétrica, enquanto que, a adição de FH a diminuiu significativamente. Considerando-se a disponibilidade dos resíduos da palmeira e as excelentes características do material após a hidrólise ácida, este poderá se constituir em um material básico para formulação de substratos.
Produtividade e qualidade de frutos do meloeiro em função de tipos e doses de biofertilizantes
Authors: Santos Ana PG , Viana Thales VA , Sousa Geocleber G , Gomes-do-Ó Laís M , Azevedo Benito M , Santos Ailton M
Published: November 2014

O melão (Cucumis melo) apresenta elevados gastos com adubos minerais, evidenciando a possibilidade da utilização de produtos alternativos como os biofertilizantes. Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a produtividade e a pós-colheita da cultura do melão cultivar Mirage seguimento Harper, submetida a doses e tipos de biofertilizantes na presença e ausência de adubação mineral. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados no arranjo fatorial 4×2+2, referentes a quatro doses de biofertilizantes (0,5, 1,0, 1,5 e 2,0 L/semana), dois tipos de biofertilizantes líquidos (misto de fermentação aeróbica e bovino simples de fermentação anaeróbica) com dois tratamentos adicionais: controle e adubação mineral recomendada. As variáveis analisadas foram produtividade, massa média de frutos, diâmetro de frutos, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, firmeza, espessura da polpa e cavidade da polpa. O biofertilizante misto mostrou-se mais eficiente do que o bovino na maioria das variáveis analisadas. A maior produtividade do meloeiro (32,62 t/ha) foi alcançada com a dose de 1,08 L/planta/semana para o biofertilizante misto e com 1,41 L/planta/semana para o bovino (25,87 t/ha). O biofertilizante misto e bovino com a dose 2,0 L/planta/semana foi melhor que o controle e a adubação mineral para espessura e cavidade de polpa.
Características de tomate producido con agua tratada en interior y exterior de invernadero
Authors: Pacco Honorato C , Rinaldi Maria M , Sandri Delvio , Neves Pedro HC , Valente Ricardo RM
Published: November 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue determinar el rendimiento y calidad post-cosecha de tomate "Dominador" producido en el interior y exterior de invernadero, irrigado por el sistema de goteo superficial y sub-superficial con agua tratada y agua natural de pozo. El planeamiento experimental fue el de bloques casualizados 3x2, siendo las parcelas constituidas por la calidad de agua agua residual, agua para ferti-riego convencional y agua natural), con 4 repeticiones. No hubo efecto significativo en el interior y exterior del invernadero sobre la productividad, (la calidad de frutos, excepto en la relación de sólidos solubles/acidez de titulación, donde el mayor valor de 2,46, fue para cultivados en el interior del invernadero, y con incremento significativo durante el período de almacenamiento (catorce días) que fue de 102%, lo que indica una calidad superior durante el período de almacenamiento. Los valores de pH de los frutos producidos en el interior y exterior del invernadero durante el periodo de almacenamiento indicaron como frutos ácidos. Los sólidos solubles se elevó y la acidez titulación se redujo durante el periodo de almacenamiento para todos los tratamientos. El tomate presentó vida útil post-cosecha de siete días para todos los tratamientos en ambos ambientes de cultivo y almacenamiento a 27ºC y 60% de humedad relativa.
Produtividade do maxixeiro cultivado em substrato e fertirrigado com soluções nutritivas
Authors: Oliveira Francisco A , Oliveira Mychelle KT , Medeiros José F , Silva Otaciana MP , Paiva Emanoela P , Maia Priscila ME
Published: November 2014

O cultivo em substrato vem se expandindo consideravelmente entre os horticultores. No entanto, ainda são escassos estudos para muitas culturas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade do maxixeiro cultivado em fibra de coco e fertirrigado com diferentes soluções nutritivas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas soluções nutritivas, tomando-se como base as soluções recomendadas para as culturas do meloeiro e do pepino para o cultivo hidropônico no sistema NFT, utilizando-se três soluções a partir da solução recomendada para o meloeiro (S1: 50%, S2: 100% e S3: 150%) e três soluções a partir da recomendação para o pepino (S4: 50%, S5: 100% e S6: 150%), além de uma solução obtida a partir dos valores médios das soluções nutritivas para o meloeiro e pepino (S7: média de S2 e S5). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram realizadas cinco colheitas em intervalos semanais, sendo a primeira aos 60 dias após a semeadura. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros de produtividade: número de frutos por planta, massa média de frutos, diâmetros transversal e longitudinal e a produção de frutos por planta. Existe potencial para o cultivo do maxixeiro em substrato com o uso de fertirrigação, utilizando solução nutritiva com concentração iônica correspondente a 100% da recomendação para a cultura do meloeiro ou em concentração maior que 50% em relação à solução recomendada para o pepineiro.
Norma e produtividade do trabalho no setor público federal brasileiro: percepções acerca de barreiras e estratégias de superação
Authors: Cherques Hermano Roberto Thiry , Pimenta Roberto da Costa
Published: November 2014

O propósito deste artigo é o de trazer à discussão alternativas para a superação das barreiras à produtividade do trabalho, decorrente dos exageros normativos que pautam o setor público brasileiro. O horizonte de investigação é o do posicionamento da administração pública em face do contexto socioeconômico contemporâneo. A metodologia utilizada foi a da análise de conteúdo de entrevistas não estruturadas que compõem a fase de sondagem de uma pesquisa em curso orientada para o tema. A interpretação das declarações dos entrevistados evidencia cinco origens de improdutividade: a perpetuação dos servidores improfícuos, a naturalização da ineficiência, o desvio de foco, a recusa à inovação e a reprodução dos sistemas normativos existentes. O estudo sugere três estratégias para superação das barreiras à produtividade: simplificação dos sistemas normativos, aferição do resultado do trabalho e flexibilização das normas.
Prolegômenos a Toda a Administrologia Possível: Administração - O Que é Isto?
Authors: Azevêdo Ariston , Grave Paulo Sérgio
Published: November 2014

A ideia central deste texto é discutir a administração a partir do seguinte questionamento: administração, o que é isto? Para respondê-lo, partimos do método que denominamos como hipotético argumentativo, que obedece as fases a seguir elencadas. Primeiramente, partindo de uma posição crítica às respostas que vêm sendo dadas à pergunta, apresentamos uma tese como tema ou como posição pessoal dos autores, a saber: a administração é uma ação virtuosa. Em seguida, definimos uma pergunta problema e formulamos certas hipóteses de estudo e pesquisa, tomando como base a filosofia aristotélica, com as devidas reconsiderações autorais. Por fim, retomando sempre a tese central aqui defendida, procuramos construir as condições intelectuais de uma resposta futura, por meio de um ciclo de intentadas opiniões verossímeis: uma hermenêutica do não dito pelo dito; uma tentativa de pensar a administração em seu fundamento, ou uma ontologia da administração.
The first Paleozoic stenopodidean from the Huntley Mountain Formation (Devonian–Carboniferous), north-central Pennsylvania
Authors: Jones Wade T. , Feldmann Rodney M. , Schweitzer Carrie E. , Schram Frederick R. , Behr Rose-Anna , Hand Kristen L.
Published: November 2014

A single specimen of a shrimp-like crustacean, Devonostenopus pennsylvaniensis, new genus and species is described from the Huntley Mountain Formation, which is Devonian–Carboniferous (Mississippian) in age. The specimen was collected in north-central Pennsylvania. Devonostenopus pennsylvaniensis is attributed to Stenopodidae. Co-occurrence of the specimen with pinnules of Archaeopteris halliana Goeppert, 1852, suggests that it is Devonian in age. Occurrence of a stenopodidean in the Devonian of North America is significant, as only three definitive decapods have been previously described from the Paleozoic and only two have been described from the Devonian. The earliest stenopodideans described to date are Cretaceous (Cenomanian and Santonian) in age. As such, Devonostenopus pennsylvaniensis extends the geologic range of Stenopodidea from Cretaceous to Late Devonian. Occurrence of a stenopodidean in the Devonian of North America, as well as the occurrence of the only two other known Devonian decapods in North America, suggests that Laurentia might have been a major area of endemism for Devonian decapods.
The skeletal morphology of the solemydid turtle Naomichelys speciosa from the Early Cretaceous of Texas
Authors: Joyce Walter G. , Sterli Juliana , Chapman Sandra D.
Published: November 2014

The fossil record of solemydid turtles is primarily based on isolated fragments collected from Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous sediments throughout North America and Europe and little is therefore known about the morphology and evolutionary history of the group. We here provide a detailed description of the only known near-complete solemydid skeleton, which was collected from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) Antlers Formation of Texas during the mid-twentieth century, but essentially remains undescribed to date. Though comparison is limited, the skeleton is referred to Naomichelys speciosa, which is based on an isolated entoplastron from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) Kootenai (Cloverly) Formation of Montana. The absence of temporal emarginations, contribution of the jugals to the orbits, and a clear subdivision of the middle and inner cavities, and the presence of elongate postorbitals, posteriorly expanded squamosals, a triangular fossa at the posterior margin of the squamosals, an additional pair of tubercula basioccipitale that is formed by the pterygoids, foramina pro ramo nervi vidiani (VII) that are visible in ventral view, shell sculpturing consisting of high tubercles, a large entoplastron with entoplastral scute, V-shaped anterior peripherals, and limb osteoderms with tubercular sculpture diagnose Naomichelys speciosa as a representative of Solemydidae. The full visibility of the parabasisphenoid complex in ventral view, the presence of an expanded symphyseal shelf, and the unusual ventromedial folding of the coronoid process are the primary characteristics that distinguish Naomichelys speciosa from the near-coeval European taxon Helochelydra nopcsai.
Overview of underpinning and caisson shaft-sinking techniques
Authors: Allenby Douglas , Kilburn David
Published: November 2014

The paper discusses four traditional, soft ground, shaft-sinking techniques, namely: underpinning in free air; dry and wet open caisson-sinking; pneumatic caisson-sinking; and underpinning in compressed air. Each technique has been developed to suit a range of ground conditions that can be categorised by strength, stability and the influence of groundwater. Selecting the most advantageous sinking technique to mitigate design and construction risk must be based upon the results of a project-specific, comprehensive, ground investigation and infrastructure survey. Guidance is given on a suitable shaft borehole configuration and ground investigation content both in the field and the laboratory. Recently there has been a greater emphasis on reducing the risk to the workforce from falling objects by minimising man entry in shafts of 6 m diameter or less during shaft sinking. This favours open caisson-sinking, which allows the caisson lining to be erected as a surface activity and the caisson floor to be excavated using surface-mounted excavation equipment.
Mechanical properties of ready-mixed concrete incorporating fine recycled aggregate
Authors: Jang Seok-Joon , Yun Hyun-Do
Published: November 2014

Experimental research was conducted to investigate the replacement ratio and water absorption of fine recycled aggregate (FRA) on the fresh and hardened properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Two types of FRA, originating from construction and demolition wastes of concrete structures, were used in this study – FRAL with a lower water absorption ratio of 5·83% and FRAH with a higher water absorption ratio of 7·95%. The fresh and hardened properties of RAC with different replacement levels of FRAL (0%, 30%, 60% and 100%) and FRAH (35% and 70%) were studied. In considering practical applications of FRA concrete, all the concretes were obtained from a local ready-mix plant in Daejeon, Korea. The paper reports the results of tests for slump, air content, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, drying shrinkage, creep, flexural performance, shear performance and bond performance. The results show that the slump and compressive strength of ready-mixed concrete with 100% replacement of FRAL were 10% and 13% lower than the respective values for conventional concrete. RAC prepared with FRAH showed a more marked reduction in strength compared with the FRAL RAC. A replacement level of FRA of more than 30% has a negative effect on the drying shrinkage, creep and bond performance of concrete, whereas the shear and flexural performance of beams with 70% and 100% replacement of FRAH and FRAL were similar to those of conventional concrete beams. It may be concluded that, for structural concrete of medium compressive strength, the substitution of FRA with water absorption ratio in the range 5·8–8·0% does not seem to seriously affect the mechanical properties of concrete for replacement ratios up to 30%.
Interfacial friction and transport in stratified flows
Authors: Matoušek Václav , Krupička Jan
Published: November 2014

Transport of coarse solids (medium sand and coarser) in slurry pipes is often at least partially stratified, and flowing slurry tends to form a layered structure with a real or virtual interface between two layers. Modelling of friction and transport conditions associated with the interface is crucial to predictive models for the slope of the energy grade line in settling slurry flows. Bed friction and transport are interrelated. At the interface, high bed shear agitates solids transport and transported solids can significantly increase bed friction. The paper discusses the authors' recent results of experimental work and modelling efforts in describing bed friction and solids transport. The proposed friction and transport formulae are implemented in the authors' layered model for stratified flows above and below the deposition-limit velocity (the threshold velocity at incipient sliding of the bed). A comparison with validation data indicates a very reasonable capability of the model to predict the slope of the energy grade line, the deposition-limit velocity, and in case of flow above stationary deposit also the thickness of the deposit.
Differential Equations on Functions from R into Real Banach Space
Authors: Narita Keiko , Endou Noboru , Shidama Yasunari
Published: November 2014

In this article, we describe the differential equations on functions from R into real Banach space. The descriptions are based on the article [20]. As preliminary to the proof of these theorems, we proved some properties of differentiable functions on real normed space. For the proof we referred to descriptions and theorems in the article [21] and the article [32]. And applying the theorems of Riemann integral introduced in the article [22], we proved the ordinary differential equations on real Banach space. We referred to the methods of proof in [30].
Humanising Islam's Message and Messenger in Postcolonial Literature
Authors: Ghazoul Ferial J.
Published: November 2014

Recent postcolonial novels have touched on Islamic faith and the Prophet, presenting a humanised image of Islam and Muḥammad. Such fiction has succeeded in writing back to Orientalist dehumanisation of the Other and stereotypes of Muslims as well as writing against fundamentalist reactionary appropriation of Islam. Leila Aboulela in The Translator (1999) interprets Islam literally and metaphorically to non-Muslims in a fictional romance that takes the protagonists from Scotland to Sudan. Assia Djebar in Loin de Médine (1991) deals with the beginnings of Islam in Arabia. This historical novel concentrates on women's voices that have been marginalised or dropped altogether from accounts by male historians. Salim Bachi in Le Silence de Mahomet (2008), narrates the advent of Islam through multiple points of view: by two wives of the Prophet, Khadīja and ʿĀʾisha, as well as by two influential men, the Prophet's companion Abū Bakr and the military leader Khālid b. al-Walīd. This polyphonic novel allows the complexity and diversity of worldviews to be juxtaposed and intertwined. The three novels offer fresh humane portraits of iconic figures and of Islam's message while simultaneously highlighting human frailty and splendour.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Thioxopyrimidin-4(1H)-one Derivatives as Potential Non-Nucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Authors: Khalifa Nagy , Al-Omar Mohamed
Published: November 2014

A series of new 5-allyl-6-benzylpyrimidin-4(3H)-ones bearing different substituents at the C-2 position of the pyrimidine core have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activities against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the human T-lymphotropic type (MT-4 cell cultures). The majority of the title compounds showed moderate to good activities against HIV-1. Amongst them, 5-allyl-6-benzyl-2-(3-hydroxypropylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one analogue 11c exhibited the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity (IC50 0.32 µM). The biological testing results clearly indicated that the substitution at C-2 position of the pyrimidine ring could increase the anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity.
Structures of the Inducer-Binding Domain of Pentachlorophenol-Degrading Gene Regulator PcpR from Sphingobium chlorophenolicum
Authors: Hayes Robert , Moural Timothy , Lewis Kevin , Onofrei David , Xun Luying , Kang ChulHee
Published: November 2014

PcpR is a LysR-type transcription factor from Sphingobium chlorophenolicum L-1 that is responsible for the activation of several genes involved in polychlorophenol degradation. PcpR responds to several polychlorophenols in vivo. Here, we report the crystal structures of the inducer-binding domain of PcpR in the apo-form and binary complexes with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). Both X-ray crystal structures and isothermal titration calorimetry data indicated the association of two PCP molecules per PcpR, but only one 2,4,6-TCP molecule. The hydrophobic nature and hydrogen bonds of one binding cavity allowed the tight association of both PCP (Kd = 110 nM) and 2,4,6-TCP (Kd = 22.8 nM). However, the other cavity was unique to PCP with much weaker affinity (Kd = 70 μM) and thus its significance was not clear. Neither phenol nor benzoic acid displayed any significant affinity to PcpR, indicating a role of chlorine substitution in ligand specificity. When PcpR is compared with TcpR, a LysR-type regulator controlling the expression of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol degradation in Cupriavidus necator JMP134, most of the residues constituting the two inducer-binding cavities of PcpR are different, except for their general hydrophobic nature. The finding concurs that PcpR uses various polychlorophenols as long as it includes 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, as inducers; whereas TcpR is only responsive to 2,4,6-trichlorophenol.
Data-Driven Techniques for Detecting Dynamical State Changes in Noisily Measured 3D Single-Molecule Trajectories
Authors: Calderon Christopher
Published: November 2014

Optical microscopes and nanoscale probes (AFM, optical tweezers, etc.) afford researchers tools capable of quantitatively exploring how molecules interact with one another in live cells. The analysis of in vivo single-molecule experimental data faces numerous challenges due to the complex, crowded, and time changing environments associated with live cells. Fluctuations and spatially varying systematic forces experienced by molecules change over time; these changes are obscured by “measurement noise” introduced by the experimental probe monitoring the system. In this article, we demonstrate how the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Switching Linear Dynamical System (HDP-SLDS) of Fox et al. [IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 59] can be used to detect both subtle and abrupt state changes in time series containing “thermal” and “measurement” noise. The approach accounts for temporal dependencies induced by random and “systematic overdamped” forces. The technique does not require one to subjectively select the number of “hidden states” underlying a trajectory in an a priori fashion. The number of hidden states is simultaneously inferred along with change points and parameters characterizing molecular motion in a data-driven fashion. We use large scale simulations to study and compare the new approach to state-of-the-art Hidden Markov Modeling techniques. Simulations mimicking single particle tracking (SPT) experiments are the focus of this study.
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Extract Prevents Bone Loss by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Kim Ju-Young , Park Sun-Hyang , Oh Hyun , Kwak Sung , Baek Jong , Lee Myeung , Rho Mun , Oh Jaemin
Published: November 2014

Osteoclasts play a critical role in bone resorbing disorders such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, discovery of agents capable of suppressing osteoclast differentiation may aid the development of a therapeutic access for the treatment of pathological bone loss. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata has been used as herbal folk medicine to treat liver diseases and inflammation in Asia. However, its effects on osteoclast differentiation are unknown. We were aimed to investigate the anti-osteoclastogenic activity in vitro and in vivo and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract (ABE). In this study, ABE inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, the formation of filamentous actin rings and the bone resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. ABE inhibited RANKL-induced p38 and IκB phosphorylation and IκB degradation. Also, ABE suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and c-Fos, and the mRNA expression of genes required for cell fusion and bone resorption, such as osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K, dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), β3-integrin and osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP). Furthermore, results of micro-CT and histologic analysis indicated that ABE remarkably prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone erosion. These results demonstrate that ABE prevents LPS-induced bone erosion through inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and function, suggesting the promise of ABE as a potential cure for various osteoclast-associated bone diseases.
Study on an Improved Phosphate Cement Binder for the Development of Fiber-Reinforced Inorganic Polymer Composites
Authors: Ding Zhu , Dai Jian-Guo , Muner Sarfraz
Published: November 2014

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) has been proven to be a very good repair material for deteriorated concrete structures. It has excellent adhesion performance, leading to high bonding strength with old concrete substrates. This paper presents an experimental study into the properties of MPC binder as the matrix of carbon fiber sheets to form fiber-reinforced inorganic polymer (FRIP) composites. The physical and mechanical performance of the fresh mixed and the hardened MPC paste, the bond strength of carbon fiber sheets in the MPC matrix, the tensile strength of the carbon FRIP composites and the microstructure of the MPC matrix and fiber-reinforced MPC composites were investigated. The test results showed that the improved MPC binder is well suited for developing FRIP composites, which can be a promising alternative to externally-bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for the strengthening of concrete structures. Through the present study, an in-depth understanding of the behavior of fiber-reinforced inorganic MPC composites has been achieved.
Spiritual Distress in Bereavement: Evolution of a Research Program
Authors: Burke Laurie , Neimeyer Robert
Published: November 2014

Many mourners turn to their spiritual beliefs and traditions when confronted by the death of a loved one. However, prior studies have either focused primarily on the benefits of faith following loss or studied spiritual struggle outside the context of bereavement. Moreover, scales to measure bereavement-related crises of faith and interventions specifically designed for spiritually inclined, distressed grievers are virtually non-existent. Our program of research, which to date has consisted of working with Christian grievers and is outlined below, elucidates complicated spiritual grief (CSG)—a spiritual crisis following the loss of a loved one. For example, our longitudinal examination of 46 African American homicide survivors established the relation between positive religious coping, CSG, and complicated grief (CG), to clarify whether religious coping more strongly predicted bereavement distress or vice versa, with a follow-up study that determined the relation between religious coping and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. We replicated and expanded these findings with a diverse sample of 150 grievers to explore the complex relation between CSG, CG, and meaning making in a comparison study of mourners who had experienced traumatic-versus natural death losses. In a companion study, we qualitatively analyzed 84 grievers’ narratives and interviewed a 5-member focus group to capture and learn from their firsthand experiences of spiritual distress. To close the gap in terms of CSG assessment, we also developed and validated the Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief (ICSG). Currently, our ongoing CSG investigation extends in several directions: first, to a sample of family members anticipating the loss of their hospice-eligible loved one in palliative care; and, second, to the development and testing of a writing-intensive intervention for newly bereaved, spiritually inclined grievers.
Synthesis of a Cu2+-Selective Probe Derived from Rhodamine and Its Application in Cell Imaging
Authors: Yu Chunwei , Wen Yingying , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2014

A new fluorescent probe P based on rhodamine for Cu2+ was synthesized and characterized. The new probe P showed high selectivity to Cu2+ over other tested metal ions. With optimal conditions, the proposed probe P worked in a wide linear range of 1.0 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−5 M with a detection limit of 3.3 × 10−7 M Cu2+ in ethanol-water solution (9:1, v:v, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.0). Furthermore, it has been used for imaging of Cu2+ in living cells with satisfying results.
An Algorithm for Retrieving Land Surface Temperatures Using VIIRS Data in Combination with Multi-Sensors
Authors: Xia Lang , Mao Kebiao , Ma Ying , Zhao Fen , Jiang Lipeng , Shen Xinyi , Qin Zhihao
Published: November 2014

A practical algorithm was proposed to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) from Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data in mid-latitude regions. The key parameter transmittance is generally computed from water vapor content, while water vapor channel is absent in VIIRS data. In order to overcome this shortcoming, the water vapor content was obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in this study. The analyses on the estimation errors of vapor content and emissivity indicate that when the water vapor errors are within the range of ±0.5 , the mean retrieval error of the present algorithm is 0.634 K; while the land surface emissivity errors range from −0.005 to +0.005, the mean retrieval error is less than 1.0 K. Validation with the standard atmospheric simulation shows the average LST retrieval error for the twenty-three land types is 0.734 K, with a standard deviation value of 0.575 K. The comparison between the ground station LST data indicates the retrieval mean accuracy is −0.395 K, and the standard deviation value is 1.490 K in the regions with vegetation and water cover. Besides, the retrieval results of the test data have also been compared with the results measured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) VIIRS LST products, and the results indicate that 82.63% of the difference values are within the range of −1 to 1 K, and 17.37% of the difference values are within the range of ±2 to ±1 K. In a conclusion, with the advantages of multi-sensors taken fully exploited, more accurate results can be achieved in the retrieval of land surface temperature.
Using Bio-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles and Dynamic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to Characterize the Time-Dependent Spin-Spin Relaxation Time for Sensitive Bio-Detection
Authors: Liao Shu-Hsien , Chen Kuen-Lin , Wang Chun-Ming , Chieh Jen-Jie , Horng Herng-Er , Wang Li-Min , Wu C. , Yang Hong-Chang
Published: November 2014

In this work, we report the use of bio-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (BMNs) and dynamic magnetic resonance (DMR) to characterize the time-dependent spin-spin relaxation time for sensitive bio-detection. The biomarkers are the human C-reactive protein (CRP) while the BMNs are the anti-CRP bound onto dextran-coated Fe3O4 particles labeled as Fe3O4-antiCRP. It was found the time-dependent spin-spin relaxation time, T2, of protons decreases as time evolves. Additionally, the ΔT2 of of protons in BMNs increases as the concentration of CRP increases. We attribute these to the formation of the magnetic clusters that deteriorate the field homogeneity of nearby protons. A sensitivity better than 0.1 μg/mL for assaying CRP is achieved, which is much higher than that required by the clinical criteria (0.5 mg/dL). The present MR-detection platform shows promise for further use in detecting tumors, viruses, and proteins.