bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dr. Richard C. Nelson: The Penn State Biomechanics Laboratory and Its Impact on My Career
Authors: Walton James S.
Published: December 2021

In 1967, as an undergraduate gymnast, I developed an interest in the mechanics of twisting somersaults. In 1969, after expressing a desire to measure and model human motion in a doctoral program, I was advised that Dr Richard “Dick” Nelson was starting a unique program in biomechanics of sport at Penn State University. In September 1970, I was the fourth or fifth doctoral student to join the new program. In 1972, I photographed a cluster of 18 golf balls hung from a 4′ × 8′ sheet of plywood in Dick’s new biomechanics laboratory. The question: “Could I create a 3-dimensional scale that would allow me to locate these golf balls in 3 dimensions?” From these early beginnings, I went on to develop the mathematical foundation for “motion capture” and a career as an entrepreneur and scientist working in a very wide variety of industrial environments in the United States and abroad. Much of my success can be traced back to the 4 years I spent on the Penn State campus. Dick’s efforts in the late 60s and his persistence in the early 70s, and later, were instrumental in creating a new discipline: “Biomechanics of Sport.” Dick: Thank you.
Loss of an Intimin-Like Protein Encoded on a Uropathogenic E. coli Pathogenicity Island Reduces Inflammation and Affects Interactions with the Urothelium
Authors: Shea Allyson E. , Stocki Jolie A. , Himpsl Stephanie D. , Smith Sara N. , Mobley Harry L. T.
Published: December 2021

Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC) causes the majority of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI), which affect nearly half of women worldwide. Many UPEC strains carry an annotated intimin-like adhesin (
ila
) locus in their genome related to a well-characterized virulence factor in diarrheagenic
E. coli
pathotypes.
On the Connection between the 2008–2009 Activation of the Koryakskii Volcano and Deep Magmatic Processes
Authors: Mikhailov V. O. , Volkova M. S. , Timoshkina E. P. , Shapiro N. M. , Smirnov V. B.
Published: December 2021

Abstract—The last activation of the Koryakskii volcano in 2008–2009 was accompanied by intense fumarolic and seismic activity. Volcanic activity peaked in March–April 2009 when ash plume rose to a height of 5.5 km and extended laterally over more than 600 km. To understand the dynamics of the volcanic processes and to forecast the further course of the events, it is relevant to establish whether the eruption was associated with a rise of magma to beneath the volcanic edifice or caused by fracturing of the volcano’s basement and penetration of groundwater into a high temperature zone. Based on the analysis of the images from the Japanese satellite ALOS-1 using satellite radar interferometry methods, the slope displacements of the Koryakskii volcano during its last activation have been estimated for the first time. The displacements reach 25 cm and cannot be explained by the formation of a layer of volcanic ash deposits or by the slope processes. The most likely cause of the displacements should be recognized to be the intrusion of magmatic material into the volcano edifice with the formation of a fracture with its lower edge at a depth of 0.5 km above sea level, with a size of 1.0 and 2.4 km along the strike and dip, respectively, and with a dip angle from 45° to 60°. Therefore, the processes taking place beneath the volcano can be threatening to the nearby localities and infrastructure and require continuous monitoring.
Effect of Composition and Structure of Metal Oxide Composites Nanostructured on Their Conductive and Sensory Properties
Authors: Gerasimov G. N. , Gromov V. F. , Ikim M. I. , Trakhtenberg L. I.
Published: December 2021

The relationship between the structure and properties of nanoscale conductometric sensors based on binary mixtures of metal oxides in the detection of reducing gases in the environment is considered. The sensory effect in such systems is determined by the chemisorption of oxygen molecules and the detected gas on the surface of metal oxide catalytically active particles, the transfer of the reaction products to electron-rich nanoparticles, and subsequent reactions. Particular attention is paid to the doping of nanoparticles of the sensitive layer. In particular, the effect of doping on the concentration of oxygen vacancies, the activity of oxygen centers, and the adsorption properties of nanoparticles is discussed. In addition, the role of heterogeneous contacts is analyzed.
A Hard Sphere Model for Bimolecular Recombination of Heavy Ions
Authors: Azriel’ V. M. , Akimov V. M. , Ermolova E. V. , Kabanov D. B. , Kolesnikova L. I. , Rusin L. Yu. , Sevryuk M. B.
Published: December 2021

We propose a hard sphere model of bimolecular recombination RM+ + X– → MX + R, where M+ is an alkali ion, X– is a halide ion, and R is a neutral rare gas or mercury atom. Calculations are carried out for M+ = Cs+, X– = Br–, R = Ar, Kr, Xe, Hg, for collision energies in the range from 1 to 10 eV, and for distributions of the RM+ complex internal energy corresponding to temperatures of 500, 1000, and 2000 K. The excitation functions and opacity functions of bimolecular recombination in the hard sphere approximation are found, and the classification of the collisions according to the sequences of pairwise encounters of the particles is considered. In more than half of all the cases, recombination occurs due to a single impact of the Br– ion with the R atom. For the recombination XeCs+ + Br–, the hard sphere model enables one to reproduce the most important characteristics of the collision energy dependence of the recombination probability obtained within the framework of quasiclassical trajectory calculations.
Driving restrictions following deep brain stimulation surgery
Authors: Charmley Andrew Roy , Kimber Thomas , Mahant Neil , Lehn Alexander
Published: December 2021

Background

There are currently no Australian guidelines to assist clinicians performing deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures in setting postoperative driving restrictions.

Purpose

We aimed to provide recommendations for post-DBS driving restrictions to guide practice in Australia.

Methods

A review of current Australian and international driving guidelines, literature regarding the adverse effects of DBS and literature regarding the long-term effect of neurostimulation on driving was conducted using Elton B Stephens Company discovery service-linked databases. Australian neurologists and neurosurgeons who perform DBS were surveyed to gain insight into existing practice.

Results

No guidance on driving restrictions following DBS surgery was found, either in existing driving guidelines or in the literature. There was a wide difference seen in the rates of reported adverse effects from DBS surgery. The most serious adverse events (haemorrhage, seizure and neurological dysfunction) were uncommon. Longer term, there does not appear to be any adverse effect of DBS on driving ability. Survey of Australian practitioners revealed a universal acceptance of the need for and use of driving restrictions after DBS but significant heterogeneity in how return to driving is managed.

Conclusion

We propose a 6-week driving restriction for private licences and 6-month driving restriction for commercial licences in uncomplicated DBS. We also highlight some of the potential pitfalls and pearls to assist clinicians to modify these recommendations where needed. Ultimately, we hope this will stimulate further examination of this issue in research and by regulatory bodies to provide more robust direction for practitioners performing DBS implantation.
Collaborative Heart Attack Management Program (CHAMP): use of prehospital thrombolytics to improve timeliness of STEMI management in British Columbia
Authors: Guy Andrew , Gabers Nicki , Crisfield Chase , Helmer Jennie , Peterson Shaylee C , Ganstal Anders , Harper Caryl , Gibson Ross , Dhesi Sumandeep
Published: December 2021

Coronary artery disease is the second leading cause of death in Canada. Time to treatment in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is directly related to morbidity and mortality. Thrombolysis is the primary treatment for STEMI in many regions of Canada because of prolonged transport times to percutaneous coronary intervention-capable centres. To reduce time from first medical contact (FMC) to thrombolysis, some emergency medical services (EMS) systems have implemented prehospital thrombolysis (PHT). PHT is not a novel concept and has a strong evidence base showing reduced mortality.

Here, we describe a quality improvement initiative to decrease time from FMC to thrombolysis using PHT and aim to describe our methods and challenges during implementation. We used a quality improvement framework to collaborate with hospitals, EMS, cardiology, emergency medicine and other stakeholders during implementation. We trained advanced care paramedics to administer thrombolysis in STEMI with remote cardiologist support and aimed to achieve a guideline-recommended median FMC to needle time of <30 min in 80% of patients.

Overall, we reduced our median FMC to needle time by 70%. Our baseline patients undergoing in-hospital thrombolysis had a median time of 84 min (IQR 62–116 min), while patients after implementation of PHT had a median time of 25 min (IQR 23–39 min). Patients treated within the guideline-recommended time from FMC to needle of <30 min increased from 0% at baseline to 61% with PHT. Return on investment analysis showed $2.80 saved in acute care costs for every $1.00 spent on the intervention.

While we did not achieve our goal of 80% compliance with FMC to needle time of <30 min, our results show that the intervention substantially reduced the FMC to needle time and overall cost. We plan to continue with ongoing implementation of PHT through expansion to other communities in our province.
Observable player behaviours and playing performance following helmet strikes in elite cricket
Authors: O'Halloran Patrick , Goggins Luke , Peirce Nicholas
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Investigate the observable player behaviours and features of both concussive (HS-C) and non-concussive (HS-NC) helmet strikes and describe their impact on playing performance.

Methods

Elite male cricketers sustaining helmet strikes between the 2016 and 2018 seasons were identified by the England and Wales Cricket Board. Medical records identified players sustaining a concussion and those in whom concussion was excluded. Retrospective cohort analysis was performed on batting and bowling performance data available for these players in the 2 years prior to and 3 months post helmet strike. Video analysis of available incidents was conducted to describe the characteristics of the helmet strike and subsequent observable player behaviours. The HS-C and HS-NC cohorts were compared.

Results

Data were available for 194 helmet strikes. 56 (29%) resulted in concussion. No significant differences were seen in playing performance in the 3 months post concussive helmet strike. However, a significant decline in batting performance was seen in this period in the HS-NC group (p<0.001).

Video features signifying motor incoordination were most useful in identifying concussion post helmet strike, however, typical features suggesting transient loss of consciousness were not seen. Features such as a longer duration pause prior to the batsman resuming play and the level of concern shown by other players were also useful features.

Conclusion

HS-NC may be more significant for player performance than previously thought. Guidance for using video replay to identify concussion in cricket may need to be modified when compared with other field sports.
‘I always considered I needed injury prevention to become an elite athlete’: the road to the Olympics from the athlete and staff perspective
Authors: Bonell Monsonís Oriol , Verhagen Evert , Kaux Jean-Francois , Bolling Caroline
Published: December 2021

In this study, we explored the perspectives about sports injury prevention of Belgium Olympic level athletes, coaches, managers and healthcare providers from various Olympic sports. We conducted a qualitative study, including 17 semistructured interviews. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed by two independent coders through constant comparative data analysis based on Grounded Theory principles. Our findings overview the athlete’s journey to becoming an elite athlete, and how an elite sports context influences and modulates injury prevention practice at this level. Participants described an elite athletic career as a continuous and adaptive evolving process. According to athletes and all stakeholders, sports injury prevention is a learning process shaped by individual experiences. This embodiment provides athletes with insight into the importance of ownership of their bodies and self-awareness. Thus, experience, communication, empowerment, knowledge, education, the elite athlete context and sports culture, all play a fundamental role in sports injury prevention. Our findings support the importance of contextual factors in sports injury prevention in an elite sports context. These results also bring practical implications on how we should approach injury prevention differently along an athlete’s journey to becoming an elite athlete. Considering specific contextual factors and influencing the process through awareness, communication and a shared responsibility is essential to develop a healthy and successful athlete.
Discovery of NEU1 as a candidate renal biomarker for proliferative lupus nephritis chronicity
Authors: Mao Zhaomin , Tan Ying , Yu Feng , Zhao Minghui
Published: December 2021

Objective

Proteomic approach was applied to identify candidate biomarkers of chronicity in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis (LN), and their clinicopathological significance and prognostic values were investigated.

Methods

This study recruited 10 patients with proliferative LN and 6 normal controls (NCs) with proteomic data to compare protein expression profiles, 58 patients with proliferative LN and 10 NCs to verify proteomic data by immunohistochemistry, and 14 patients with proliferative LN with urine samples to evaluate the urinary expression of the biomarker by western blot assay. The composite endpoints included end-stage renal disease and ≥50% reduction from baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Results

Proteomics detected 48 proteins upregulated in the group with chronicity index (CI) ≥1 compared with the CI=0 and NC groups. Further pathway analysis was enriched in ‘other glycan degradation’. Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1), the most predominant protein in the pathway of other glycan degradation, was highly expressed in the kidney of patients with proliferative LN and could co-localise with podocyte, mesangial cells, endothelial cells and tubule cells. NEU1 expression in the tubulointerstitium area was significantly higher in the CI ≥1 group compared with the CI=0 and NC groups. Moreover, NEU1 expression was significantly correlated with serum creatinine value, eGFR and CI scores, respectively. Urinary NEU1 excretion in the CI ≥1 group was higher than in the CI=0 group and was also positively correlated with CI scores. Furthermore, the high expression of renal NEU1 was identified as an independent risk factor for renal prognosis by multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR, 6.462 (95% CI 1.025 to 40.732), p=0.047).

Conclusions

Renal NEU1 expression was associated with pathological CI scores and renal outcomes in patients with proliferative LN.
The model of information dissemination on social networks under epidemic-related panic
Authors: Nian Fuzhong , Guo Xin , Li JinZhou
Published: December 2021

Inspired by infectious disease dynamics and modern psychology, this paper aims at constructing a multi-dimensional function to get the model of information dissemination on social networks under epidemic-related panic base on the characteristics of individual differences and global characteristics, like emotional cumulative effect, herd effect, time-sensitive decline effect, cognitive level, intimacy, personal influence, etc. The results show that the psychological effect has a significant effect on the increase of the spread of panic news; When netizens are in an emotional atmosphere, their emotional self-regulation ability is limited; when the infection rate is relatively low, the characteristics of individual differences play a leading role in affecting the spreading process. When the infection rate is high enough, the herd effect and emotional cumulative effect play a major role in promoting information dissemination; In a society with a higher rate of emotional contact, it is easier to form a kind of collective wisdom, which can help the collective quickly identify rumors. Moreover, in this kind of society, the role of opinion leaders is limited, and timely refutation of rumors can significantly reduce the spread of panic news.
Graded 1-absorbing prime ideals of graded commutative rings
Authors: Issoual Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Let G be a group with identity e and R be G-graded commutative ring with [Formula: see text] In this paper, we introduce and study the graded versions of 1-absorbing prime ideal. We give some properties and characterizations of these ideals in graded ring, and we give a characterization of graded 1-absorbing ideal the idealization [Formula: see text]
What Can Comparative Authoritarianism Tell Us About China Under Xi Jinping (and Vice Versa)?
Authors: TUNG HANS H. , WU WEN-CHIN
Published: December 2021

This paper evaluates the progress and impact of the literature on comparative authoritarianism, showing not only how its development over the previous two decades can help us understand China’s authoritarian politics better, but also how the latter can move the former forward. We focus on two important topic areas in the literature: authoritarian power-sharing and autocratic politics of information (e.g., partial media freedom and government censorship). For the first topic, we shall review the literature on the authoritarian power-sharing between dictators and their allies and explicate how this conceptual innovation helps us understand the institutional foundation of China’s regime stability and phenomenal economic performance before Xi Jinping. The analysis then provides us a baseline for assessing China’s economic and political future under Xi Jinping given his clear departure from the pre-existing power-sharing framework. Finally, this paper also assesses the relevance of the literature on authoritarian politics of information to the Chinese context. In sum, we not only emphasize the conceptual contributions of the literature of comparative authoritarianism to the field of Chinese politics, but also identify lacunae in the current literature and avenues for future research that post-Xi political developments have made visible to us.
Elastic-DF: Scaling Performance of DNN Inference in FPGA Clouds through Automatic Partitioning
Authors: Alonso Tobias , Petrica Lucian , Ruiz Mario , Petri-Koenig Jakoba , Umuroglu Yaman , Stamelos Ioannis , Koromilas Elias , Blott Michaela , Vissers Kees
Published: December 2021

Customized compute acceleration in the datacenter is key to the wider roll-out of applications based on deep neural network (DNN) inference. In this article, we investigate how to maximize the performance and scalability of field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based pipeline dataflow DNN inference accelerators (DFAs) automatically on computing infrastructures consisting of multi-die, network-connected FPGAs. We present Elastic-DF, a novel resource partitioning tool and associated FPGA runtime infrastructure that integrates with the DNN compiler FINN. Elastic-DF allocates FPGA resources to DNN layers and layers to individual FPGA dies to maximize the total performance of the multi-FPGA system. In the resulting Elastic-DF mapping, the accelerator may be instantiated multiple times, and each instance may be segmented across multiple FPGAs transparently, whereby the segments communicate peer-to-peer through 100 Gbps Ethernet FPGA infrastructure, without host involvement. When applied to ResNet-50, Elastic-DF provides a 44% latency decrease on Alveo U280. For MobileNetV1 on Alveo U200 and U280, Elastic-DF enables a 78% throughput increase, eliminating the performance difference between these cards and the larger Alveo U250. Elastic-DF also increases operating frequency in all our experiments, on average by over 20%. Elastic-DF therefore increases performance portability between different sizes of FPGA and increases the critical throughput per cost metric of datacenter inference.
Exploiting social media for fake reviews
Authors: He Sherry , Hollenbeck Brett , Proserpio Davide
Published: December 2021

We provide an overview of our recent work that studies the market for fake product reviews on Amazon.com where reviews are purchased in large private internet groups on Facebook and other sites. We find that a wide array of products purchase fake reviews, including products with many reviews and high average ratings. Buying fake reviews on Facebook is associated with a significant but short-term increase in average rating and number of reviews. We exploit a sharp but temporary policy shift by Amazon to show that rating manipulation has a large causal effect on sales. Finally, we examine whether rating manipulation harms consumers or whether it is mostly used by high-quality or young products in a manner akin to advertising. We find that after firms stop buying fake reviews, their average ratings fall and the share of one-star reviews increases significantly, particularly for young products, indicating rating manipulation is mostly used by low-quality products and is deceiving and harming consumers.
Turbulence and Control of Wind Farms
Authors: Shapiro Carl R. , Starke Genevieve M. , Gayme Dennice F.
Published: December 2021

The dynamics of the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer play a fundamental role in wind farm energy production, governing the velocity field that enters the farm as well as the turbulent mixing that regenerates energy for extraction at downstream rows. Understanding the dynamic interactions among turbines, wind farms, and the atmospheric boundary layer can therefore be beneficial in improving the efficiency of wind farm control approaches. Anticipated increases in the sizes of new wind farms to meet renewable energy targets will increase the importance of exploiting this understanding to advance wind farm control capabilities. This review discusses approaches for modeling and estimation of the wind farm flow field that have exploited such knowledge in closed-loop control, to varying degrees. We focus on power tracking as an example application that will be of critical importance as wind farms transition into their anticipated role as major suppliers of electricity. The discussion highlights the benefits of including the dynamics of the flow field in control and points to critical shortcomings of the current approaches.
Intraoperative and Postoperative Intraocular Lens Opacifications: Analysis of 42545 Cases
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Wu Xiaoming , Dai Yunhai , Huang Yusen
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To assess the types and causes of intraocular lens (IOL) turbidity in a tertiary eye center. Setting. Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China. Design. Retrospective case series. Methods. Patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification and IOL implantation for cataract between January 2015 and December 2019 were included. Medical records were reviewed of participants with intraoperative or postoperative IOL opacification for clinical data, artificial crystal materials, and causes of the opacification. Results. A total of 42545 IOLs were implanted in the five years, comprising 25471 (66.0%) hydrophilic IOLs, 11881 (27.9%) hydrophobic IOLs, and 2601 (6.1%) hydrophilic-hydrophobic acrylic IOLs. Among the operated eyes, 14 eyes (13 patients) experienced IOL opacification, which was permanent for 10 IOLs, including 7 (0.6%) hydrophilic IOLs (860UV) and 3 (0.2%) hydrophilic-hydrophobic acrylic IOLs (L-312). The mean interval between surgery and diagnosis of permanent opacification was 34.4 ± 18.4 (SD) months (range, 12 to 59 months). Permanent IOL clouding led to a statistically significant reduction in best corrected visual acuity (mean, 0.64 ± 0.4 logMAR;

P
<
0
.004

). Acute IOL clouding occurred in four eyes during the implantation of a hydrophilic-hydrophobic acrylic IOL of L-312, 809M, or 839M and returned to transparency several hours later. All four procedures were performed in winter, with the mean outside temperature being −5.75°C. Conclusions. The rate of IOL opacification was 0.03%. Both delayed postoperative and acute intraoperative opacifications occurred with various characteristics in IOLs made of different materials and designs. Clinicians should be aware of this risk for cataract surgery.
Bipolar Magnetic and Thermospin Transport Properties of Graphene Nanoribbons with Zigzag and Klein Edges
Authors: Tan Xingyi , Xu Gang , Jiang Youchang , Ren Dahua
Published: December 2021

Magnetic nanoribbons based on one‐dimensional materials are potential candidates for spin caloritronics devices. Here, we constructed ferromagnetic graphene nanoribbons with zigzag and Klein edges (N‐ZKGNRs, N = 4–21) and found that the N‐ZKGNRs are in the indirect‐gap bipolar magnetic semiconducting state (BMS). Moreover, when a temperature difference is applied through the nanoribbons, spin‐dependent currents with opposite flow directions and opposite spin directions are generated, indicating the occurrence of the spin‐dependent Seebeck effect (SDSE). In addition, the spin‐dependent Seebeck diode effect (SDSD) also appeared in these devices. More importantly, we found that the BMS with a larger bandgap is promising for generating the SDSD, while the BMS with a smaller bandgap is promising for generating the SDSE. These findings show that ZKGNRs are promising candidates for spin caloritronics devices.
Analysis of Effect on Infection Factors and Nursing Care of Postoperative Incision in Gynecological Cancer Patients
Authors: Sun Yan
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To study the effect on infection factors and nursing care of postoperative incision in gynecological cancer patients. Method. 72 patients with gynecological malignant tumors who came to the hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into the study group and control group by cluster random sampling. The control group was given routine nursing mode, including matters needing attention in surgery, health education, prevention of complications, and dietary guidance. The study group implemented the high‐quality nursing mode on the basis of the control group. Postoperative situation, incision infection rate, and quality of life were observed and compared between the two groups. Results. The control group’s time to get out of bed, postoperative eating time, postoperative exhaust time, and hospital stay were longer than those of the study group. The comparison of the postoperative related conditions of the two groups showed that P < 0.05, which indicated that the difference was statistically significant. The postoperative incision infection rate in the study group was 2.78%, and in the control group, the postoperative incision infection rate was 19.44%; the postoperative incision infection rate in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant, P < 0.05. The factors affecting the quality of life of patients in the study group were lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant, P < 0.05. Time to get out of bed, postoperative eating time, postoperative exhaust time, hospital stay, and quality of life were the main influencing factors of postoperative incision infection in gynecological tumors. Conclusion. Time to get out of bed, postoperative eating time, postoperative exhaust time, hospital stay, and quality of life were the main influencing factors of postoperative incision infection in gynecological tumors. High‐quality nursing intervention had better clinical nursing effect in preventing postoperative incision infection. It should be widely used in clinical nursing.
Multifeature Metric Learning Based on Enhanced Equidistance Embedding for Electroencephalogram Recognition of Epilepsy
Authors: Lu Bing , Lu Haipeng , Zhou Guohua , Yin Xinchun , Gu Xiaoqing , Ni Tongguang
Published: December 2021

Mobile edge computing (MEC) has the ability of pattern recognition and intelligent processing of real‐time data. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a very important tool in the study of epilepsy. It provides rich information that can not be provided by other physiological methods. In the automatic classification of EEG signals by intelligent algorithms, feature extraction and the establishment of classifiers are both very important steps. Different feature extraction methods, such as time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear dynamic feature methods, contain independent and diverse specific information. Using multiple forms of features at the same time can improve the accuracy of epilepsy recognition. In this paper, we apply metric learning to epileptic EEG signal recognition. Inspired by the equidistance constrained metric learning algorithm, we propose multifeature metric learning based on enhanced equidistance embedding (MMLE3) for EEG recognition of epilepsy. The MMLE3 algorithm makes use of various forms of EEG features, and the feature weights are adaptively weighted. It is a big advantage that the feature weight vector can be adjusted adaptively, without manual adjustment. The MMLE3 algorithm maximizes the distance between the samples constrained by the cannot‐link, and the samples of different classes are transformed into equidistant; meanwhile, MMLE3 minimizes the distance between the data constrained by the must‐link, and the samples of the same class are compressed to one point. Under the premise that the various feature classification tasks are consistent, MMLE3 can fully extract the associated and complementary information hidden between the features. The experimental results on the CHB‐MIT dataset verify that the MMLE3 algorithm has good generalization performance.
Potential Use of Industrial Cocoa Waste in Biofuel Production
Authors: Mendoza-Meneses C. J. , Feregrino-Pérez A. A. , Gutiérrez-Antonio C.
Published: December 2021

Worldwide, the wastes derived from food production are generated in elevated volumes annually. In particular, the cocoa industrial wastes represent a source of usable biomass for the elaboration of new products such as food, livestock feed, cosmetics, and chemical products, and they can even be used for the generation of biofuels. The cocoa industrial wastes include cocoa pod husk, mucilage, and bean shells, which contain compounds of interest for different industries. However, the lignocellulose content of these by-products requires a pretreatment to fully utilize them; thus, different biofuels can be produced, depending on the conversion technology used to obtain the highest biomass yield. Recent studies reported the use of cocoa industrial wastes for the production of solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels; nevertheless, the most common use reported is as a direct combustion source, which is used to supply the same production plants. Therefore, the objective of this work is to carry out a review on the uses of the by-products generated from cocoa for the generation of biofuels, as well as the technological concept applied for the transformation. In addition, the future trends indicate the relevance of using catalysts in production to increase reactions in the conversion of compounds, including the use of statistical models to optimize the processing variables.
The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Circulating Levels of Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoproteins Is Apparently Independent of Changes in Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Reiner Željko , Alidadi Mona , Kroh Matthew , Cardenia Vladimiro , Xu Suowen , Al-Rasadi Khalid , Santos Raul D. , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: December 2021

Background. Obesity is related to dyslipidemia and increased circulating oxidated LDL (ox‐LDL) concentrations that may predispose to atherosclerosis. Bariatric surgery may lower the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Elevated plasma ox‐LDL has been associated with atherogenesis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to investigate the impact of bariatric surgery on proatherogenic circulating ox‐LDL levels in patients with severe obesity. Methods. Four databases were systematically searched from inception to May 1, 2021. Also, to clarify the heterogeneity of studies with regard to treatment duration, research design, and the demographic features, a random‐effects model and the generic inverse variance weighting approach were utilized. To determine the association with the estimated effect size, a random‐effect meta‐regression approach was performed. Finally, a meta‐regression analysis was conducted to explore the influence of, respectively, baseline and changes in body mass index (BMI), baseline ox‐LDL, and postsurgery follow‐up period with the estimated effect size of surgery on ox‐LDL levels. Results. Meta‐analysis of 11 studies including 470 subjects showed a significant decline in circulating ox‐LDL following bariatric surgery (SMD: ‐0.971, 95% CI: ‐1.317, ‐0.626, p < 0.001, I2: 89.43%). The results of meta‐regression did not show any significant association between the changes in ox‐LDL after bariatric surgery and baseline BMI, duration of follow‐up or baseline ox‐LDL values. However, there was a significant association between ox‐LDL alteration and percentage of BMI change. Conclusion. Bariatric surgery in patients who had severe obesity causes a decrease of circulating ox‐LDL that was apparently dependent in BMI changes.
Prediction of Loss of Muscle Mass in Sarcopenia Using Ultrasonic Diaphragm Excursion
Authors: Zeng Bin , He Shaochong , Lu Hao , Liang Guiyin , Ben Xiaosong , Zhong Wenzhao , Zhang Mingsheng , Wang Hao
Published: December 2021

Background. The diagnosis of sarcopenia is based on the mass and function of appendicular skeletal muscle. It is not clear whether diaphragm excursion is related to muscle mass loss. We try to fill the gap by measuring ultrasonic diaphragm excursion during quiet breathing (Dq) and forced deep breathing (Df) and test whether they could predict the muscle mass loss in sarcopenia. Methods. The subjects are recruited from the elderly patients diagnosed with pulmonary nodules in community physical examination. According to the definition, the subjects were divided into group A (who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for muscle mass loss in sarcopenia) and group B (who met the criteria). Participants were assessed for ultrasonic diaphragm excursion, pulmonary function, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Logistic regression was used to assess the correlation between right diaphragm excursion and skeletal muscle mass, and receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to determine the best threshold. Results. We recruited 64 elderly participants: 52 in group A (39 males) and 12 in group B (8 males). The Df in group A were higher than in group B (6.02 (5.44–6.60) vs. 4.31 (3.53–5.09) cm,

P
=
0.008

). The difference also exists in FVC, FEV1.0, PEF, Pimax, WRmax, and VO2max, but neither in Dq. Logical regression showed that Df was negatively related to muscle mass (B = −0.525, OR = 0.591 (0.378–0.926),

P
=
0.022

), even after adjusted age. Based on ROC, a cutoff value of 5.27 cm (AUC = 0.7783,

P
=
0.0028

) was selected, and Df ≤ 5.27 cm indicates the increase in odds of existing muscle mass loss. Conclusion. Ultrasonic diaphragm excursion in forced deep breath is helpful for predicting muscle mass loss in sarcopenia. The trial is registered with ChiCTR1800019742.
Research on Production Management and Optimization of Multisensor Intelligent Clothing in 5G Era
Authors: Chen Xiang , Gao YouTang , Tian Bao
Published: December 2021

The influence of 5G has penetrated into all aspects of people’s lives. The field of garment production management is inevitably affected by 5G. The various advanced technologies it promotes can greatly promote the production and management of clothing. Learning and understanding these technologies can help you learn how to change in the changing garment factory to obtain more intelligent and efficient production methods without being excluded by age. The garment production line management system proposed in this paper is based on the garment production line, introduces Internet technology into the garment production process, and monitors all links of the garment production process through the Zigbee network. The system improves the automation degree of enterprises, greatly expands the application scope of wireless sensor networks, and improves the application level of data acquisition, monitoring, equipment maintenance, and diagnosis in China’s industrial field. Wireless network node location technology is also an important supporting technology for managing wireless Zigbee networks. The visual display of a physical topology map can effectively help administrators manage and maintain wireless networks.
Inhibition of PPARγ Gene Particle Downregulates the Differentiation of Rabbit Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Adipocytes
Authors: Dong Yi , Chang Long , Hei Long , Yang Sensen , Ma Wenxin , Ding Huiqiang
Published: December 2021

This study aims to evaluate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ gene inhibition on the adipogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Primary BMSCs were isolated from rabbit bone marrow, cultured, and the markers of BMSCs on cell’s surface were analyzed using flow cytometry. The experiment involved five groups, namely, control: untreated BMSCs; model: BMSCs treated with ethanol; empty siRNA: BMSCs treated with ethanol + empty siRNA; PPARγ: BMSCs treated with ethanol + PPARγ siRNA; and PPARγ inhibitor: BMSCs treated with ethanol + T0070907. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect changes in the expression level of PPARγ, PETALA2 (AP2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid transport protein (FATP) 1, and fatty acid transporter (FAT). Adipocyte count and triacylglycerol content of the model and the empty siRNA groups were considerably greater than the control group (

P
<
0.01

). After the inhibition with PPARγ or T0070907, adipocyte count and triacylglycerol content of the PPARγ and T0070907 groups were significantly reduced (

P
<
0.01

), with no statistically significantly difference than the control group (

P
>
0.05

). The expression levels of PPARγ gene and protein in the model and empty siRNA groups were ominously enhanced than the control group (

P
<
0.01

), and after inhibition with PPARγ or T0070907, the PPARγ gene or protein expression level of PPARγ and T0070907 groups significantly reduced (

P
<
0.01

), with no statistically significance difference compared to the control group (

P
>
0.05

). The expression levels of Ap2, LPL, FATP1, and FAT genes in the model and empty siRNA groups were considerably greater compared to the control group (

P
<
0.01

). Inhibition with PPARγ or T0070907 in the PPARγ and T0070907 groups, respectively, lead to significantly reduced expression levels of adipogenic genes (

P
<
0.01

), with no statistically significance difference compared to the control (

P
>
0.05

). Inhibition of PPARγ gene downregulates the differentiation of BMSCs into adipocytes, indicating its putative role in the expression of adipogenic genes.
Pharmacological Effects of Marine‐Derived Enterococcus faecium EA9 against Acute Lung Injury and Inflammation in Cecal Ligated and Punctured Septic Rats
Authors: Abuohashish Hatem M. , Zaghloul Eman H. , El Sharkawy Amany S. , Abbas Eman M. , Ahmed Mohammed M. , Al-Rejaie Salim S.
Published: December 2021

Microorganisms obtained from the marine environment may represent a potential therapeutic value for multiple diseases. This study explored the possible protective role of marine‐derived potential probiotic Enterococcus faecium EA9 (E. faecium) against pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in Wistar rats. Animals were pretreated with E. faecium for 10 days before either sham or CLP surgeries. Animals were sacrificed 72 hours following the surgical intervention. The histological architecture of lung tissues was evaluated as indicated by the lung injury score. In addition, the extend of pulmonary edema was determined as wet/dry weight ratio. The inflammatory cytokines were estimated in lung tissues, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) using the enzyme‐linked‐immunosorbent‐assay (ELISA) technique. Moreover, markers for lipid peroxidation such as thiobarbituric acid reaction substances (TBARs), and endogenous antioxidants, including reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined in lung tissues. Finally, the enzymatic activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) were assayed in the lungs. Pretreatment with E. faecium markedly attenuated CLP‐induced lung injury and pulmonary edema. Markers for inflammation, including TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β were augmented in the lung tissues of CLP animals, while E. faecium ameliorated their augmented levels. E. faecium pretreatment also restored the elevated TBARS levels and the prohibited CAT, SOD, and GPx enzymatic activities in CLP animals. GSH levels were corrected by E. faecium in CLP animals. The inflammatory and lipid peroxidation mediators were positively correlated, while antioxidant enzymatic activities were negatively correlated with CLP‐induced lung injury and pulmonary edema. Collectively, marine‐derived Enterococcus faecium EA9 might be considered as a prospective therapeutic tool for the management of pulmonary dysfunction associated with sepsis.
Drag Reduction Mechanism of Viscoelastic Slick-Water Fracturing Fluid in Tortuous and Rough Fractures
Authors: Liu Zhiyu , Fan Fan , Zhang Donghang , Li Yang , Li Yuan , Yang Kai , Ge Hongkui , Zhou Fujian
Published: December 2021

Slick-water can effectively reduce the flow drag of fracturing fluid. Many studies have focused on the drag reduction performance of slick-water in wellbore and perforation, but there has been little research on drag reduction characteristics in fracture flow. In this paper, a new visualization experiment system is used to simulate real fracture. The fracture surface is produced through actual triaxial hydraulic fracturing and is copied by a three-dimensional printer using resin material to maintain its shape feature. In comparing the experimental results, it was found that the main factors affecting drag reduction in a fracture are the relative molecular weight and the added concentration. Unlike the flow rule of the drag reducer in a pipeline, when the concentration is greater than 0.10%, a negative DR effect begins to appear. The influence of molecular weight is related to the flow stage; the increasing of molecular weight causes a reduction in DR effect when the flow rate is 0.24 m/s. However, the flow rate exceeds 0.5 m/s; drag reducers with higher molecular weight demonstrate better drag reduction performance. The drag reduction mechanism analysis in fractures was obtained from visualization observations, and the flow characteristics of fluid were characterized by using tracking particles. Drag reduction effect occurs mainly on the surface of the fractures in contrast to near the centre of the flow channel. This research can provide a reference for the experimental study on drag reduction in fractures and is of great significance to the optimization and improvement of drag reducing agent.
Behavioral Analysis in International Business Negotiations Based on the Bargaining Model of Game Theory
Authors: Zhang Bei
Published: December 2021

In the process of global digital trade rules negotiation, game and cooperation coexist, and all parties are actively seeking cooperative relationship while negotiating game. Against this background, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the negotiation process of global digital trade rules and analyzes the core issues of the negotiations and their implied political game. This paper firstly compares the core issues of global digital trade rules negotiations at multilateral and regional levels and quantitatively reflects the weighting relationship between core issues and keywords by means of a dynamic thematic model. In order to judge the potential partnership of each country, this paper constructs a theoretical model of partner selection for global digital trade rules negotiation from the perspective of political game and uses the data of 62 major digital trade countries for empirical testing. Compared with traditional trade agreements, the consensus reached in digital trade negotiations is less influenced by traditional economic geography factors and more influenced by the level of digital trade restrictions and political distance. When signing digital trade terms, a country tends to choose countries with similar levels of digital trade restrictions and high political similarity as partners. Financial restrictions and trade restrictions are the most important digital trade restriction factors that countries pay attention to when negotiating, and political stability is the most important political factor that countries pay attention to when negotiating. Compared with developed countries, developing countries pay more attention to market size, cultural differences, and digital infrastructure when negotiating. The formulation of global digital trade rules may follow a reconstructive path from bilateral to regional to multilateral, promoting regional digital trade rule systems at this stage and gradually expanding the scope of negotiations to the multilateral level.
Sufentanil Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Esophageal Cancer by Inhibiting the NF-κB and Snail Signaling Pathways
Authors: Tang Huiyan , Li Chao , Wang Yongsheng , Deng Liqiang
Published: December 2021

Sufentanil is a μ-opioid receptor agonist, widely used in intraoperative and postoperative analgesia of esophageal cancer. This study investigated the effects of sufentanil on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma cells and its molecular mechanisms. Human esophageal carcinoma cells CaES-17 and Eca-109 were cultured in vitro. Different concentrations of sufentanil (1 and 10 μmol/L) were added to the experimental group. MTT was used to detect the proliferative activity of esophageal carcinoma cells. The migration ability of esophageal carcinoma cells was measured by the scratch test. Transwell was used to detect the invasive ability of esophageal carcinoma cells. The EMT marker expression was detected by qPCR. Meanwhile, effects of sufentanil on NF-κB and Snail expression and nucleation were evaluated. Establish a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of nude mice with esophageal carcinoma cells and evaluate the antitumor effect of sufentanil. Sufentanil can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CaES-17 and Eca-109 cells and has a dose-dependent relationship. The molecular mechanism showed that sufentanil could upregulate the expression of E-cadherin and inhibit the expression of vimentin. Sufentanil can inhibit the expression of NF-κB and Snail, as well as the nuclear expression of NF-κB and Snail. Xenograft tumor model results showed that sufentanil could inhibit tumor proliferation and NF-κB and Snail expression in tumor tissues of nude mice. Sufentanil inhibits esophageal cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by acting on NF-κB and Snail signaling pathways to inhibit proliferation and metastasis of esophageal cancer.