bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cold exposure‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates autophagy through the SIRT2/FoxO1 signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Jingru , Nie Junshu , Chen Zhuo , Wang Xian , Hu Huijie , Xu Jing , Lu Jingjing , Ma Li , Ji Hong , Yuan Jianbin , Xu Bin
Published: August 2022

Cold is a factor affecting health in humans and animals. The liver, a major metabolic center, is highly susceptible to ambient air temperature. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with the liver, and regulates the occurrence and development of liver injury and autophagy. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between cold exposure and ER stress in the liver is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of ER stress on liver autophagy and its mechanism under cold exposure. AML12 cells were treated with Tg to construct an ER stress model, and the level of autophagy increased. To further explore the mechanism through which ER stress regulates autophagy, we knocked down SIRT2 with shRNA in Tg‐treated AML12 cells. Knockdown of SIRT2 significantly increased ER stress and autophagy, increased FoxO1 acetylation, and promoted its entry into the nucleus. To further verify the results of in vitro experiments, we exposed mice to 4°C for 3 h per day for 3 weeks to exacerbate the burden on the liver after cold exposure. Cold exposure damaged the structure and function of the liver and promoted the inflammatory response. It also activated ER stress and promoted autophagy. In addition, cold exposure inhibited the expression of SIRT2, promoted FoxO1 acetylation, and enhanced the interaction with autophagy. Our findings indicated that cold exposure induces liver damage, ER stress, and autophagy through the SIRT2/FoxO1 pathway. These findings suggest that SIRT2 may be a potential target for regulating health under cold exposure.
Correlations among noninvasive right ventricular myocardial work indices and the main parameters of systolic and diastolic functions
Authors: Wu Jian , Huang Xinyi , Huang Kunhui , Gao Qiumei , Tian Yuan , Lin Biqin , Tang Yiruo , Chen Xu , Su Maolong
Published: August 2022

Background

Right ventricular (RV) myocardial work (RVMW) is the latest method used to assess RV function. To date, correlations among RVMW indices and RV systolic and diastolic functions have not been studied.

Methods

A total of 106 healthy volunteers (median age, 34 years; 46% male) were prospectively enrolled. RVMW indices were measured using the RV pressure–strain loop using specific software. The correlations among RVMW indices and other RV functions were analyzed.

Results

During the multivariate analysis, the RV global work index (RVGWI) was significantly correlated with RV global longitudinal strain (RV GLS) (p < .0001), pulmonary systolic artery pressure (PASP) (p < .0001), and tricuspid annular (TA) plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (p = .036). RV global constructive work (RVGCW) was correlated with RV GLS (p < .0001) and PASP (p < .0001). RV global wasted work (RVGWW) was correlated with RV GLS (p = .008) and TA isovolumetric acceleration (TA IVA) (p = .008). RV global work efficiency (RVGWE) was correlated with RV GLS (p < .0001) and tissue Doppler (TD) RV myocardial performance index (TD RMPI) (p = .043).

Conclusion

RVMW indices showed good correlations with RV myocardial systolic function.
First description of the MEGDEHL syndrome in the Tunisian population via whole‐exome sequencing: Novel nonsense mutation inSERAC1gene
Authors: Felhi Rahma , Monastiri Kamel , Ben Hamida Hayet , Ammar Marwa , Chioukh Fatma Zohra , Tabarki Brahim , Chouchen Jihene , Fakhfakh Faiza , Tlili Abdelaziz , Mkaouar‐Rebai Emna
Published: August 2022

Introduction

MEGDEL syndrome is a rare recessive disorder, with about 100 cases reported worldwide, which is defined by 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria (MEG), deafness (D), encephalopathy (E) and Leigh‐like syndrome (L). When these manifestations were added to hepatopathy (H), the syndrome was labelled as MEGD(H)EL. Mutations inSERAC1gene encoding a serine active site containing 1 protein were described in patients affected by this syndrome.

Patients and methods

The present study reports the Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of the first case of MEGDEHL syndrome in Tunisia in a consanguineous family with three affected children. Bioinformatic analysis was also performed in addition to mtDNA deletion screening and mtDNA copy number quantification in the blood of the indexed case, carried out, respectively by Long‐Range PCR and qPCR.

Results

The WES revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c.1379G > A; p.W460X) in theSERAC1gene, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This nonsense mutation was present at a homozygous state in the three affected children and was heterozygous in the parents. In silico analysis using various softwares was performed, and the predictive results supported the pathogenic effect of the identified mutation. Further, long‐range PCR and qPCR analyses of the patient's blood excluded any mtDNA deletions or depletions.

Conclusion

Sequencing results and bioinformatic tools confirmed that the novel mutation (p.W460X) in theSERAC1gene causes the severe phenotype in the studied family with MEGDEHL syndrome.
Dismissal disagreement and discharge delays: Associations of patient–clinician plan of care agreement with discharge outcomes
Authors: Olson Emily M. , Falde Samuel D. , Wegehaupt Abigail K. , Polley Eric , Halvorsen Andrew J. , Lawson Donna K. , Ratelle John T.
Published: August 2022

Background

Many hospitalized patients do not understand or agree with their clinicians about their discharge plan. However, the effect of disagreement on discharge outcomes is unknown.

Objective

To measure the correlation between patient‐clinician care agreement and discharge outcomes.

Design

A prospective cohort study was performed from September 2019 to March 2020 (Rochester, MN, USA).

Setting and Participants

Internal medicine patients and their primary clinician (resident, advanced practice clinician or attending) hospitalized from September 2019‐March 2020 at Mayo Clinic Hospital. Participants were independently surveyed following hospital day #3 ward rounds regarding the goals of the hospitalization and discharge planning.

Main Outcome and Measures

Patient–clinician agreement for main diagnosis, patient's main concern, and four domains of discharge planning was assessed. Readiness for hospital discharge, delayed discharge, and 30‐day readmission was measured. Then, associations between patient‐clinician agreement, delayed discharge, and 30‐day readmissions were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Of the 436 patients and clinicians, 17.7% completely agreed about what needs to be accomplished before dismissal, 40.8% agreed regarding discharge date, and 71.1% agreed regarding discharge location. In the multivariable model, patient–clinician agreement scores were not significantly correlated with discharge outcomes. Patient–clinician agreement on discharge location was higher for those discharged to home (81.5%) versus skilled nursing facility (48.5%) or assisted living (42.9%) (p < .0001). The agreement on the expected length of stay was highest for home‐goers (45.9%) compared to skilled nursing (32.0%) or assisted living (21.4%) (p = .004).

Conclusions

Patients and their clinicians frequently disagree about when and where a patient will go after hospitalization, particularly for those discharged to a skilled nursing facility. While disagreement did not predict discharge outcomes, our findings suggest opportunities to improve effective communication and promote shared mental models regarding discharge earlier in the hospital stay.
Could red cell distribution width be used for predicting cardiac injury in neonates with COVID‐19?
Authors: Elbayiyev Sarkhan , Şimşek Gülsüm K. , Ceran Burak , Akın Mustafa Ş. , Kanmaz Kutman H. Gözde , Canpolat Fuat E.
Published: August 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can affect people of all age groups and it can occasionally cause life‐threatening clinical illnesses in immunologically immature populations, especially in newborns. High red cell distribution width (RDW) values were used as an early prognostic biomarker of some neonatal diseases. We aimed to determine the prognostic value of RDW in severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infected neonates.

Methods

Newborns with positive SARS‐CoV‐2polymerase chainreaction (PCR) test from a nasopharyngeal swab sample, who had refractory fever (>38°C and lasting more than 24 h during hospitalization), were screened for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in newborns (MIS‐N), systemic inflammatory indexes calculated and cardiologic evaluations. Due to troponin levels (high: >45 ng/L and low: ≤45 ng/L) patients were grouped.

Results

Out of the 68 SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive newborns, 26 patients had refractory fever. Comparison of laboratory findings between the high and low‐troponin groups showed that RDW and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio values were significantly higher in patients with high troponin levels (p = 0.022 andp = 0.030, respectively). The cut‐off values with optimal sensitivity and specificity were determined as 1.00 for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.205) and 16.6 for RDW (p = 0.014). None of the patients died.

Conclusions

Neonatal COVID‐19 generally has a benign prognosis, but can progress to severe disease and cases of MIS‐N are rare. RDW could be prognostic in the diagnosis and management of neonates with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with high troponin levels.
Humoral responses after inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination in individuals with and without prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jia Mengmeng , Wang Xinming , Gong Wensheng , Zhong Jingchuan , Leng Zhiwei , Ren Lili , Feng Luzhao , Guo Li , Gao Lidong , Liang Xian , Chen Enfu , Tang Wenge , Huang Qiangru , Zhang Qiao , Jiang Guangjiong , Zhao Shanlu , Liu Zhu , Feng Yan , Qi Li , Ma Libing , Huang Tingxuan , Yue Yong , Wang Ju , Jiang Binshan , Xu Liuhui , Wang Jianwei , Yang Weizhong , Wang Chen
Published: August 2022

We evaluated and compared humoral immune responses after inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination among naïve individuals, asymptomatically infected individuals, and recovered patients with varying severity. In this multicenter, prospective cohort study, blood samples from 666 participants were collected before and after 2 doses of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination. Among 392 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2‐naïve individuals, the seroconversion rate increased significantly from 51.8% (median antispike protein pan‐immunoglobulins [S‐Igs] titer: 0.8 U/ml) after the first dose to 96% (median S‐Igs titer: 79.5 U/ml) after the second dose. Thirty‐two percent of naïve individuals had detectable neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the original strain but all of them lost neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. In 274 individuals with natural infection, humoral immunity was significantly improved after a single vaccine dose, with median S‐Igs titers of 596.7, 1176, 1086.5, and 1828 U/ml for asymptomatic infections, mild cases, moderate cases, and severe/critical cases, respectively. NAb titers also improved significantly. However, the second dose did not substantially increase antibody levels. Although a booster dose is needed for those without infection, our findings indicate that recovered patients should receive only a single dose of the vaccine, regardless of the clinical severity, until there is sufficient evidence to confirm the benefits of a second dose.
Production of single‐cycle infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 through a trans‐complemented replicon
Authors: Cheung Pak‐Hin Hinson , Ye Zi‐Wei , Lui Wai‐Yin , Ong Chon Phin , Chan Pearl , Lee Tak‐Wang Terence , Tang Tze‐Tung , Yuen Tin‐Long , Fung Sin‐Yee , Cheng Yun , Chan Ching‐Ping , Chan Chi‐Ping , Jin Dong‐Yan
Published: August 2022

Single‐cycle infectious virus can elicit close‐to‐natural immune response and memory. One approach to generate single‐cycle severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is through deletion of structural genes such as spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N). Transcomplementation of the resulting ΔS or ΔN virus through enforced expression of S or N protein in the cells gives rise to a live but unproductive virus. In this study, ΔS and ΔN BAC clones were constructed and their live virions were rescued by transient expression of S and N proteins from the ancestral and the Omicron strains. ΔS and ΔN virions were visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Virion production of ΔS was more efficient than that of ΔN. The coated S protein from ΔS was delivered to infected cells in which the expression of N protein was also robust. In contrast, expression of neither S nor N was detected in ΔN‐infected cells. ΔS underwent viral RNA replication, induced type I interferon (IFN) response, but did not form plaques. Despite RNA replication in cells, ΔS infection did not produce viral progeny in culture supernatant. Interestingly, viral RNA replication was not further enhanced upon overexpression of S protein. Taken together, our work provides a versatile platform for development of single‐cycle vaccines for SARS‐CoV‐2.
The fine line between localization and cultural appropriation in personal luxury goods: An exploratory study
Authors: Lojacono Gabriella
Published: August 2022

Luxury companies have often been exposed to criticism stemming from the use of local cultural codes. This paper investigates the meaning and risks of Cultural Appropriation (CA) in Personal Luxury Goods (PLG). Findings from the case study analysis reveal that respect, giving credit, and research based on local collaborations can help companies continue to be inspired by other cultures without running the risk of appropriation.
Antecedents of intentions to crowdfund luxury brands and projects: Evidence from French consumers
Authors: Bryson Douglas , Atwal Glyn , Crespi Roberta
Published: August 2022

Luxury firms, including high‐end watch manufacturers, use crowdfunding as an alternative source of entrepreneurial finance. Respondents indicated that intention to crowdfund luxury brand start‐ups have both external and internal antecedents with the slight majority focusing on the extrinsic factors. The “luxury” proposition exhibits integrated motivation, which is conceptualized and personalized to the tastes of each investor.
Andean purple maize to produce extruded breakfast cereals: impact on techno‐functional properties and sensory acceptance
Authors: Salvador‐Reyes Rebeca , Sampaio Ulliana Marques , de Menezes Alves Moro Thaísa , Brito Aline Duarte Correa de , Behrens Jorge , Campelo Pedro H. , Pedrosa Silva Clerici Maria Teresa
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Andean purple maize (APM) is an ancient crop widely used as a natural coloring in traditional Peruvian cuisine. However, it has been little explored within the food industry. The present study assessed how APM impacts on techno‐functional properties and sensory acceptance of breakfast cereals. Extruded samples formulated with 100, 75, 50, and 25% APM, and complemented with yellow corn grits (YCG), were analyzed for their techno‐functional and sensory properties.

RESULTS

Increases in bulk density, as well as reduction in the expantion and porosity were observated for extrudates containing ≥ 50% APM, accompanied by an increase in purple color intensity. Increase in milk absorption index, reduction in milk solubility index and decrease in cereal hardness with increase in APM were also observed. Despite this, APM extented the cereal bowl‐life. High sensory scores of overall liking (6) and color (7) were obtained for extruded formulations containing ≥ 50% APM and low values for extrudates with 25% APM. Aroma, flavor, and texture scores did not present significant differences.

CONCLUSION

APM is an ingredient with the potential to be used to produce breakfast cereals since it improves their techno‐functional characteristics and sensory acceptance, at the same time, it leads to the production of healthy, nutritious, and sustainable food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of commercial starter culture on fermentation dynamics and quality characteristics of yogurts obtained with different formulations
Authors: Vénica Claudia I. , Wolf Irma V. , Beret María V. , Bergamini Carina V. , Burns Patricia , Binetti Ana , Perotti María C.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Four commercial starter cultures containing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (S1, S2, S3 and S4; S3 also contained Limosilactobacillus fermentum) were compared for fermentation, volatile flavor compounds, physicochemical parameters and microbiology, in yogurt prepared from three milk base formulations with increased protein (B1, B2 and B3).

RESULTS

The fermentation patterns differed among starters, with Yoflex Mild 1.0 (S4) and SLB95 (S2) showing the longest fermentation time, depending on the formulation. At 21 days, S. thermophilus counts were similar among starters and higher than 8.52 log CFU mL−1, for all yogurts. The highest counts (6.86 log CFU mL−1) for L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was found for S2 yogurts made from whey protein hydrolysate (B3). Minor water‐holding capacity was detected for YF‐L811 (S1) yogurts. Yoflex Harmony 1.0 (S3) starter containing Lim. fermentum produced a distinctive volatile profile characterized by aldehydes with respect to yogurts prepared with S1, S2 and S4, which were characterized by ketones.

CONCLUSION

Results indicate the usefulness of carrying out studies similar to the present one to select the most appropriate process conditions depending on the desired product. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Treatment algorithm and surgical outcome for primary and recurrent retroperitoneal sarcomas: A long‐term single‐center experience of 242 cases
Authors: Lv Ang , Li Ying , Li Zhong‐Wu , Mao Li‐Li , Tian Xiu‐Yun , Hao Chun‐Yi
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives

Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPSs) are difficult to manage, rare malignant tumors. This single‐center, retrospective study aimed to analyze the treatment algorithm and outcomes of aggressive surgical treatment in patients with primary and recurrent RPS.

Methods

Data of 242 consecutive patients with RPS who underwent surgical treatment at the Peking University Cancer Hospital Sarcoma Center between January 2010 and February 2021 were collected and analyzed. Indications for surgery were based on the treatment algorithm.

Results

A total of 145 patients with primary RPS and 97 with recurrent RPS were included. The recurrent cohort comprised more patients with multifocal tumors than the primary cohort (64.9% vs. 15.2%). R0/R1 resection was achieved in 94.5% and 81.4% of the primary and recurrent RPS cases, respectively. Major complication rates in the primary and recurrent cohorts were 17.9% and 30.9%, respectively. During a median follow‐up of 51 months, the estimated 5‐year overall survival, local recurrence, and distant metastasis rates for patients with primary and recurrent RPS were 61.0% versus 37.1%, 47.4% versus 71.3%, and 18.4% versus 17.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

Aggressive surgical treatment achieved good local control and long‐term survival in patients with primary RPS, whereas the prognosis in patients with recurrence were significantly worse.
Emerging roles of plasma gelsolin in tumorigenesis and modulating the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Hsieh Chih‐Hsiung , Wang Yi‐Ching
Published: August 2022

The protein expression of gelsolin, an actin scavenger controlling cytoskeletal remodeling, cell morphology, differentiation, movement, and apoptosis, has been found to be significantly decreased in several pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancers. Its extracellular isoform, called plasma gelsolin (pGSN), is one of the most abundant plasma proteins in the circulation, and has emerged as a novel diagnostic biomarker for early disease detection. Current evidence reveals that gelsolin can function as either an oncoprotein or a tumor suppressor depending on the carcinoma type. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that pGSN is also involved in immunomodulation, revealing the multifunctional roles of pGSN in tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge focusing on the roles of gelsolin in inflammation and wound healing, cancers, and tumor microenvironment. Future prospects of pGSN related studies and clinical application are also addressed.
Miniaturized multiband frequency selective surface with wide frequency ratio
Authors: Mathivanan Anbuselvi , Saravanan Palani
Published: August 2022

This article presents the design of a novel miniaturized 2.5D frequency selective surface (FSS) for radiofrequency and microwave shielding applications is proposed. The proposed FSS is configured to offer multiple band‐stop characteristics with a wide frequency ratio. The unit cell is developed using traces that run on the top and bottom layers of the substrate with traces connected using vias. This proposed unit cell structure provides distinct operating modes at high and low frequencies. The proposed FSS unit cell has a compact geometry with a foot‐print of 0.059λo × 0.059λo where λo is the freespace wavelength. The FSS unit cell is polarization insensitive and exhibits good angular stability up to 45°. A prototype FSS is fabricated to validate the simulation results. The miniaturized FSS can be used as a shield at terrestrial frequencies and satellite frequencies making it usable for both indoor and outdoor environments.
Novel compact bandpass filter using sextuple‐mode ceramic cavity resonator
Authors: Wu Xinhui , Cao Yazi , Yuan Bo , Qi Yanzhu , Wang Gaofeng
Published: August 2022

This letter proposes a novel compact ceramic cavity bandpass filter with surface silver coating and air coupling apertures. It is constituted of a sextuple‐mode ceramic cavity as the main resonator, two single‐mode cavities to connect the sextuple modes transversely with source and load, and two single cavities to suppress higher harmonics. This proposed filter has the advantages of compact size, wide band, low insertion loss, high selectivity, wide spurious‐free window, as well as coplanar source and load interfaces. There are no blind holes in the filter, which is beneficial for improving the machining accuracy. One prototype filter operating at 3.5 GHz is fabricated and measured. The minimum insertion loss in the passband is 0.65 dB. The inherent spurious mode of the sextuple‐mode resonator at around 1.2fC (fC center frequency) is suppressed under −30 dB. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.
Array‐based Fabry–Pérot cavity antenna for flat‐topped radiation pattern
Authors: Ran Xi , Wang Xiao‐Hua , Hu Yi‐Di , Wang Xi‐Yu
Published: August 2022

In this letter, an array‐based ray tracing model and Fabry–Pérot cavity antenna covered by frequency selective surfaces (FSS) are proposed to realize the flat‐topped radiation pattern (FTRP). Based on the array‐based model, a good FTRP can be obtained by combining the initial directivity of the feed array with the additional directivity of FSS‐type partially reflective surface. By using the proposed method, a low‐cost, lightweight, simple structure and dual‐polarization Fabry‐Pérot cavity antenna with small aperture size for FTRP is designed. From the measured results, the FTRP with more than 58° beamwidth and less than 2 dB ripple level in the frequency band of 2.4 to 2.7 GHz for indoor communication are obtained.
Egg Hatchability and Egg Thiamine Concentrations in Lake Trout from the Northern Refuge of Lake Michigan
Authors: Madenjian Charles P. , Keeler Kevin M. , Grivicich Lyle T. , Haver Paul E. , Gordon Roger R. , Tillitt Donald E. , Rinchard Jacques
Published: August 2022

The Northern Refuge of Lake Michigan was established in 1985 under the auspices of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission as part of an intensely managed effort to restore a self-sustaining Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush population to the lake. Despite the stocking of millions of Lake Trout into the refuge and survival of these stocked fish to adulthood, signs of natural recruitment by Lake Trout in the refuge have been very sparse. To ascertain whether low egg viability or poor fry survival could be limiting natural recruitment by Lake Trout in the refuge, hatching rates of eggs taken from Lake Trout caught in the Northern Refuge during October 2019 were determined in the laboratory. Moreover, survival rates of the hatched-out fry were determined along with the thiamine concentrations in the fry. In addition, thiamine concentrations in eggs of ovulating Lake Trout caught in the Northern Refuge during 2019–2021 were determined. Egg hatching rate in the laboratory averaged 93%. Survival rate of Lake Trout fry up to 5 weeks after hatching averaged 97%. Mean (SE) thiamine concentrations in eggs of Lake Trout caught in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were 19.1 (3.6), 5.9 (1.3), and 6.2 (0.4) nmol/g, respectively; these levels are well above the threshold concentration of 2.3 nmol/g, above which the likelihood of experiencing mortality due to thiamine deficiency complex (TDC) is low. Thiamine concentrations in the Lake Trout fry at the end of the laboratory experiment averaged 11.2 nmol/g, and abnormal behavior in the fry was not observed. We conclude that TDC does not appear to represent a major impediment to Lake Trout rehabilitation in the Northern Refuge at present, although TDC may have contributed to the lack of detectable natural recruitment in the past.
Bird remains from ecclesiastical sites in medieval Hungary
Authors: Gál Erika
Published: August 2022

This comprehensive paper, based on already published avian material, provides an overview of the exploitation of birds at ecclesiastical settlements in medieval Hungary, with an outlook on other European religious establishments. Owing also to the differences in excavation methods, sample size, and measurements used during the identification of bird remains, the seven discussed ecclesiastical sites in the Carpathian Basin, which was part of the Hungarian Kingdom during the Middle Ages, showed considerable variability from this point of view. It is certain that poultry constituted the lion's share of the bird meat consumed, even in the wealthiest religious houses, such as bishopric centers. The presence of sexed specimens in some of these bone collections made it possible to distinguish between a small and a large phenotype of domestic chicken based on biometric data. However, in cases when finds were not only collected by hand but the food refuse deposit was also screened, one finds that these assemblages are both quantitatively and qualitatively more varied in terms of the presence and frequency of certain taxa including small game, suggesting the value and special role of (wild) fowl at ecclesiastical establishments. The avian remains that suggest the use of trained birds, as well as the evidence for the use and curation of crossbows, contribute to our knowledge about the hunting and fowling customs at certain religious houses.
Novel dispersant‐free disperse dyes containing polyethylene oxide moieties: Synthesis and eco‐friendly dyeing on polyethylene terephthalate fabrics
Authors: Hou Li , Gao Linbo , Qian Hongfei , Fang Shuaijun , Chen Xingliang , Song Xiyu
Published: August 2022

To reduce pollutant emission during dyeing process with disperse dyes, novel disperse dyes containing polyethylene oxide moieties were synthesized. The amphiphilic PEG 400 was engaged in nucleophile substitution with prepared N‐ethyl‐N‐phenylglycinoyl chloride to give coupling component containing polyethylene oxide. Diazonium salts were reacted with synthesized coupling component to obtain aimed eco‐friendly disperse dyes. Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance method were used to manifest structures of synthesized dyes and their intermediates. These dyes were applied on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric using traditional high temperature dyeing method under pressure. Dyeing process with and without dispersants were compared, the synthesized dyes showed no dependency on dispersants. Dyed PET fabrics using dispersant‐free methods exhibited excellent levelness, excellent washing and rubbing fastness. Quantum simulations were applied to evaluate structure–property relationship of designed dyes. The optimized geometries of designed dyes and electrostatic potential energy diagrams of molecules were simulated by density functional theory method to explain dye‐fiber interaction. The designed dispersant‐free disperse dyes exhibited no dependency on dispersants and excellent rubbing and washing fastness. Reduction of dispersants could help to eliminate environmental damage related to discharge of effluent containing dispersants.
Porous chitosan particles doped by in situ formed silver nanoparticles: Electrorheological response in silicon oil
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikita M. , Kovaleva Victoria V. , Volkov Danila A. , Zagoskin Yuriy D. , Vdovichenko Artem Yu. , Malakhov Sergey N. , Bakirov Artem V. , Yastremsky Eugeny V. , Kamyshinsky Roman A. , Stupnikov Alexei A. , Chvalun Sergei N. , Grigoriev Timofei E.
Published: August 2022

Effect of in situ formed silver nanoparticles doping on electrorheological response of highly porous chitosan particles in suspensions of polydimethylsiloxane (silicone oil) is considered. Silver nanoparticles are directly reduced by chitosan from solution. Highly porous chitosan particles with different silver content are fabricated by spraying from solution followed by freeze‐drying. A high and stable electrorheological response of suspensions in wide range of electric field strength is observed at a very low filler content of 1 wt%. The nature of the electrorheological effect is considered from the standpoint of dielectric spectroscopy. The activation energies of polarization processes are determined from the temperature dependences of the dielectric loss modulus. The study shows the opportunity to control the properties of stimuli‐responsive materials by changing the structure and physicochemical properties of the functional filler. This approach opens up new possibilities for creating materials with high performance and predetermined properties.
Lower fetal fraction in clinical cell‐free DNA screening results is associated with increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Madala Deeksha , Maktabi Mohamad Ali , Sabbagh Riwa , Erfani Hadi , Moon Andrea , Van den Veyver Ignatia B.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To evaluate if fetal fraction (FF) reported on cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening is a marker for adverse obstetric outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed medical records from a cohort of women with singleton pregnancies who had cfDNA screening. We evaluated if reported FF could predict the following pregnancy complications: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, gestational diabetes mellitus, or a composite maternal morbidity, defined as the presence of at least one of these outcomes.

Results

Receiver operating curve analysis was performed on FF from 534 women to define the FF that differentiated a low FF group (<10%; N = 259) and a high FF group (≥10%; N = 275). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were more common for women in the low FF group (32.0% vs. 11.6% and p < 0.001), who had a two‐fold odds of developing HDP (p = 0.006). Composite maternal morbidity was also more common for women in the low FF group (51.4% vs. 30.2% and p < 0.001), who had a 1.7‐fold odds of developing any of the adverse obstetrical outcomes (p = 0.014).

Conclusion

We found that low FF on cfDNA screening is associated with an increased risk of HDP. Fetal fraction reported that cfDNA screening reports have potential as a predictive marker for the development of HDP and adverse outcomes.
Further improved mechanical properties of polypropylene by shish‐kebab structure and high‐temperature annealing
Authors: Mi Dashan , Zhao Zhongguo , Jia Shikui
Published: August 2022

Multiflow injection molding is used to prepare a highly oriented shish‐kebab structure, and the mechanical properties of Polypropylene in the weak direction (WD) and strong direction (SD) are analyzed in this work. The oriented structure shows strong anisotropy. For example, the impact strength in SD is 6 times that of WD. One or three minutes of high‐temperature‐annealing (HTA, 30°C higher than Tm) has been proven to be an effective method to trigger the partial melting and re‐crystallization process, which in turn, can improve the shish‐kebab structure and greatly improve yield and impact strength in both WD and SD. Furthermore, results confirm that the chains in the amorphous region play a key role in the mechanical properties in the WD, while the shish‐kebab crystal structure determines the properties in the SD. Using shish‐kebab structure and HTA to improve mechanical properties in both SD and WD directions will be helpful to avoid generating fiber composites that create recycling difficulties and loss of properties with cycle times.
Registration of three winter malting barley lines
Authors: Hu Gongshe , Evans Chris , Satterfield Kathy , Ellberg Sherry
Published: August 2022

Germplasm lines are the most important genetic resources for cultivar development. ARS669W (Reg. no. GP‐216, PI 699131), ARS671W (Reg. no. GP‐215, PI 699130), and ARS431W (Reg. no. GP‐214, PI 699129) are three high yield and good malting quality two‐rowed winter type malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germplasm lines developed by the USDA‐ARS breeding program at Aberdeen, ID. All three germplasm lines have been evaluated in 23 trials. Compared with the checks, all three lines have about the same or higher yield potentials. The lodging resistance of ARS669W and ARS671W is similar to the checks but better than ARS431W. The test weight of three lines was like the ‘Endeavor’ cultivar and higher than the ‘Charles’ cultivar. The winter survival rates are all the same statistically. Malting evaluation results showed acceptable quality profiles with specific quality traits including high malt extract, low protein content, and low beta‐glucan for the years tested. These lines are good winter malting barley genetic stocks for future breeding or for further evaluation as possible cultivars.
A novel deuterium‐based model for measurement of exogenous surfactant using deuterium‐depleted water
Authors: Simonato Manuela , Ricci Francesca , Catozzi Chiara , Storti Matteo , Correani Alessio , Salomone Fabrizio , Cogo Paola , Carnielli Virgilio P.
Published: August 2022

Stable isotope tracers, like 13C, can be used for the measurement of the partition between the endogenous and exogenous pulmonary disaturated‐phosphatidylcholine (DSPC). Deuterium labeling methods are still not fully explored.

Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of using deuterium‐depleted water (DDW) and deuterium‐enriched water (DEW) to measure endogenous and exogenous pulmonary DSPC in a rabbit model of surfactant depletion. Data obtained from the 13C dilution method were used as a reference.

We studied 9 adult rabbits: 4 drank DDW and 5 DEW for 5 days. Lung surfactant depletion was induced at Day 5 by repeated saline bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL), which were stored as a pool (BAL pool). After endogenous surfactant depletion, rabbits received exogenous surfactant followed by a second BAL depletion procedure (End‐Experiment Pool).

DSPC quantity, and palmitic acid (PA)‐DSPC 2H/1H (δ2H) and 13C/12C ratios (δ13C) of exogenous surfactant batches and of BAL pools were measured by High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

The amount of exogenous surfactant recovered from the lungs ranged from 45% to 81% and, it was highly correlated with those obtained with the use of the 13C (r = 0.9844, p < 0.0001).

We demonstrated that commercially available purified DDW and even low doses of DEW can be used to modify the deuterium background of endogenous surfactants with the purpose of measuring the contribution of exogenous surfactants to the endogenous alveolar surfactant pool.
Broad‐spectrum antiviral activity of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn against SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV‐1, H5N1, and other enveloped viruses
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Kwan Ka‐Yi , Cao Tianyu , Yan Bingpeng , Ganesan Kumar , Jia Lei , Zhang Feng , Lim Chunyu , Wu Yaobin , Feng Yibin , Chen Zhiwei , Liu Li , Chen Jianping
Published: August 2022

The current COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐Cov‐2 is responsible for more than 6 million deaths globally. The development of broad‐spectrum and cost‐effective antivirals is urgently needed. Medicinal plants are renowned as a complementary approach in which antiviral natural products have been established as safe and effective drugs. Here, we report that the percolation extract of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSP) is a broad‐spectrum viral entry inhibitor against SARS‐CoV‐1/2 and other enveloped viruses. The viral inhibitory activities of the SSP were evaluated by using pseudotyped SARS‐CoV‐1 and 2, HIV‐1ADA and HXB2, and H5N1. SSP effectively inhibited viral entry and with EC50 values ranging from 3.6 to 5.1 μg/ml. Pre‐treatment of pseudovirus or target cells with SSP showed consistent inhibitory activities with the respective EC50 value of 2.3 or 2.1 μg/ml. SSP blocked both SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein and the host ACE2 receptor. In vivo studies indicated that there was no abnormal toxicity and behavior in long‐term SSP treatment. Based on these findings, we concluded that SSP has the potential to be developed as a drug candidate for preventing and treating COVID‐19 and other emerging enveloped viruses.
Event‐triggered robust output regulation for nonlinear systems: A time regularization approach
Authors: Meng Haofei , Zhang Hai‐Tao , Gao Jianxi , Lv Jinhu
Published: August 2022

In this article, we investigate the event‐triggered robust output regulation problem for a class of nonlinear systems. Using the idea of time regularization, an event‐triggered mechanism with dwell time is proposed together with a model‐based control law, which avoids a practical convergence bound and excludes the Zeno behavior as well. The problem is further converted into an event‐triggered robust stabilization problem for an augmented system, which is further solved by a model‐based event‐triggered control law combined with the proposed event‐triggered mechanism. Finally, the proposed method achieves an exact solution to the original event‐triggered output regulation problem.
Geomorphic heterogeneity as a framework for assessing river corridor processes and characteristics
Authors: Scott Daniel N. , Shahverdian Scott , Flitcroft Rebecca , Wohl Ellen
Published: August 2022

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity, or messiness, is a broadly desirable characteristic of river corridors and an indicator of many of the geomorphic processes that sustain fluvial ecosystems. However, quantifying geomorphic heterogeneity is complicated by a lack of consistent metrics, classification schemas for dividing the river corridor into the patches that form the basis for those metrics, and guidance on interpreting metrics. Drawing from both geomorphic and landscape ecology concepts, we offer ideas and guidance intended to help investigators, from researchers to restoration practitioners, more effectively and reliably use heterogeneity to describe river corridor processes and characteristics. We define geomorphic heterogeneity both spatially and temporally. Spatially, heterogeneity can be described by diversity, or the evenness and richness of geomorphic units, and spatial configuration, or the arrangement and shape of geomorphic units. Temporally, heterogeneity can be described by turnover rate, or the rate of change of geomorphic units. Interpretation of heterogeneity metrics depends integrally on the definition of the geomorphic unit schema on which metrics are based. Contextual information, such as measurements of process space (i.e., how much room a river has to move), disturbance frequency, and geomorphic trajectory, can also be key to interpreting measurements of heterogeneity. Geomorphic applications of heterogeneity require carefully defined geomorphic unit schemas that reflect processes and characteristics of interest, robust metrics of heterogeneity whose meaning is appropriate to the question at hand, and interpretation of those metrics based on the context of expected geomorphic processes and the disturbance regime.
Economic outcomes for transgender people and other gender minorities in the United States: First estimates from a nationally representative sample
Authors: Carpenter Christopher S. , Lee Maxine J. , Nettuno Laura
Published: August 2022

We provide the literature's first estimates of economic outcomes for transgender people and other gender minorities in the United States using nationally representative data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey which identifies over 9,400 individuals from 2021 to 2022 who are non‐cisgender (i.e., whose current gender does not align with their sex assigned at birth). We find that non‐cisgender individuals are significantly less likely to be employed, have higher poverty rates, are more likely to have public health insurance, and report greater food insecurity compared to otherwise similar cisgender individuals. We also find that non‐cisgender Black individuals fare significantly worse than non‐cisgender white individuals. Our results demonstrate the precarious economic position of gender minority populations in America.
A construction of Chebyshev chaotic map based authenticated key agreement protocol for satellite communication system
Authors: Dharminder Dharminder , Nehra Ankur , Arya Aditya
Published: August 2022

In this article, we have discussed various authentication and key agreement protocols for satellite communication system and their flaws off‐line passwords guess, stolen smart card attack, insider attack and replay attack and so forth. We have analyzed the security of a recently published Uddeshaya et al's protocol for satellite communication, and discussed how it suffers from design flaws and insider attack. This protocol cannot stop the Bergamo attack, but the proposed protocol is applicable in specific environment against Bergamo attack. We have compared and illustrated the performance and security analysis of several existing protocols for satellite communication. The proposed authenticated key agreement protocol possesses both low computation and low communication cost. This protocol establishes a verified session key with only two messages of exchange. We have discussed the security of proposed framework in the random oracle model.
Multi‐Channel Domain Adaptation Deep Transfer Learning for Bridge Structure Damage Diagnosis
Authors: Xiao Haitao , Ogai Harutoshi , Wang Wenjie
Published: August 2022

The successful application of deep learning in bridge damage diagnosis relies on the assumption that the training and test data sets obey the same distribution. However, it is difficult to obtain labeled data of damage status for a bridge in using. Otherwise, it is difficult to apply a model trained with bridge A (source domain) to diagnose bridge B (target domain) because of the distribution discrepancy of data from different working environments or bridges. In response to these problems, motivated by transfer learning, a new bridge damage diagnosis method, namely, the multichannel domain adaptation deep transfer learning based method (MDADTL), is proposed in this paper. First, a CNN based multichannel multi‐scale feature extractor is introduced to extract features. Second, a multichannel domain adaptation module based on maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is proposed for transfer learning, so that the learned features are domain‐invariant. Through the above process, MDADTL trained with labeled data obtained in the laboratory or the testing bridge is expected to diagnose other bridges with unlabeled data. Experiments prove the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed method. This exploration will promote the practical application of deep learning in bridge damage diagnosis. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Promoting persistence and success of underrepresented students: Lessons for teaching and learning
Authors: Kinzie Jillian , Gonyea Robert , Shoup Rick , Kuh George D.
Published: August 2022

This chapter explores the relationships between indicators of student success such as persistence and student engagement in effective educational practices focusing on historically underrepresented populations.
Swietenine and swietenolide from Swietenia macrophylla king improve insulin secretion and attenuate apoptosis in H2O2 induced INS‐1 cells
Authors: Duan Jingyu , Zhang Fang , Lu Mengyuan , Deng Wenhao , Zhai Yutong , Zhao Yangqi , He Liangliang , Bai Zhonghui , Wang Yongjian , Zhang Chunping
Published: August 2022

Oxidative stress is an important factor that causes pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction leading to the development and aggravation of diabetes. Swietenine (Stn) and swietenolide (Std) were isolated from the fruits of Swietenia macrophylla King and had the potential effects on treatment and prevention of diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Stn and Std on insulin secretion and apoptosis in H2O2 induced insulinoma cell line (INS‐1) cells. In the present study, INS‐1 cells were treated with 300 μM H2O2 for 4 h to establish the oxidative damage model. Cell apoptosis, insulin secretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels, and Caspase‐3 enzyme activity were measured via corresponding methods. Finally, pancreatic duodenal home box factor‐1 (PDX‐1), B cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), and Bax protein expression were detected by western blot. Experimental results showed that Stn and Std could significantly improve the INS‐1 cell viability, increase the secretion of insulin and reduce the ROS level in H2O2 induced INS‐1 cells. Furthermore, the SOD and GSH levels increased, and the MDA levels decreased compared with the model group after Stn and Std treatment. In addition, after treated with Stn and Std, cell apoptosis was improved, and the activity of Caspase 3 was also significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, Western blot results showed that Stn and Std could up‐regulate the expression of PDX‐1 protein, and affect the cell apoptosis pathway by up‐regulating the expression of Bcl‐2 protein and down‐regulating the expression of Bax protein. In conclusion, Stn and Std can signifcantly improve the insulin secretion function, protect oxidative stress injury, and reduce apoptosis in H2O2 induced INS‐1 cells, which provides a research basis for Stn and Std to be new drug candidates for the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
Glutamine transport as a possible regulator of nitrogen catabolite repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Georis Isabelle , Fayyad‐Kazan Mohammad , Zaremba Evi , Vierendeels Fabienne , Roovers Martine , Dubois Evelyne
Published: August 2022

Nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR) is a major transcriptional control pathway governing nitrogen use in yeast, with several hundred of target genes identified to date. Early and extensive studies on NCR led to the identification of the 4 GATA zinc finger transcription factors, but the primary mechanism initiating NCR is still unclear up till now. To identify novel players of NCR, we have undertaken a genetic screen in an NCR‐relieved gdh1Δ mutant, which led to the identification of four genes directly linked to protein ubiquitylation. Ubiquitylation is an important way of regulating amino acid transporters and our observations being specifically observed in glutamine‐containing media, we hypothesized that glutamine transport could be involved in establishing NCR. Stabilization of Gap1 at the plasma membrane restored NCR in gdh1Δ cells and AGP1 (but not GAP1) deletion could relieve repression in the ubiquitylation mutants isolated during the screen. Altogether, our results suggest that deregulated glutamine transporter function in all three weak nitrogen derepressed (wnd) mutants restores the repression of NCR‐sensitive genes consecutive to GDH1 deletion.