bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Physician in the Sphere of Artificial Intelligence: An Active Subject or Passive?
Authors: Izutkin Dmitri A. ,   Nizhni Novgorod State Medical Academy
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the article is associated with the influence of digital technologies on the medical sphere in the context of the formation of VUCA (variability, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity) of the space. The main problem in this context is the ethical and philosophical aspects of the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field and the activities of the doctor, in particular, the possibility of its application in the diagnostic process. The latter is considered as an integral attribute of the cognitive nature of the medical profession. This is due to the constant and dynamic knowledge of the functioning of the human body in a state of normality and pathology, the problem of medical errors, as well as the philosophical reflections of the physician during the establishment of the diagnosis. The main goal is to show the contradictory nature of AI use in medicine, which is associated with certain qualitative transformation and reassessment of traditionally formed ideas about the role of the physician as an active subject within the framework of his professional activity. The methodology for studying this problem is based on a dialectical approach. This allows to consider the medical sphere as a synthesis and contradiction of the natural and artificial, as well as to emphasize the subject-object nature of the physician’s activity. The novelty of the study lies in the ethical and philosophical understanding of the self-identification of the physician and his clinical thinking in the conditions of the application of AI in medicine. In the context of this article, self-identification of a physician is understood as an awareness of his self and claim to be demanded in the field of medical professional activity; clinical thinking ‒ as a set of theoretical knowledge, practical skills, empirical experience and philosophical generalizations in an effort to identify and explicate the pathological process. It is emphasized that AI application significantly modifies the role and functions of the physician in modern (primarily clinical) medicine, which, in turn, affects his judgments about the disease (its etiology, psychosomatic nature, risk factors for health). This, in particular, is being stipulating in the communication of the physician with the patient. The prospects of the study are associated with further introduction of AI in clinical medicine, which is associated with the need to solve a complex of ethical and legal problems and the formation of a new medical paradigm.
History and Modernity in the Textbook by Professors A. V. Postnikov and M. V. Konstantinov
Authors: Mertsalov Victor I. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: July 2024

The textbook “History and Modernity” is a specific historical work devoted to topical problems of studying the history of Transbaikalia and the Far East in the XVIIth – early XXth centuries. There are two levels of coverage of the historical process. The section that reveals the history of the Trans-Baikal section of the state border between Russia and China (XVIIth – early XXth century) belongs to the first level. The second level includes sections on Russia’s geopolitical choice between Alaska and the Amur, on the history of the international project for construction of a telegraph line between Russia and America, on the little-known pages of Siberian studies of such a world-famous personality as P. A. Kropotkin. Sections of the second level cover the second half of the XIXth – early XXth centuries. The textbook consists of separate independent parts, but is not devoid of integrity, which is largely due to the coverage of the importance of cartographic and geographical research in solving border and geopolitical problems in all parts. In this regard, the history of the project for the construction of a telegraph line between Russian and America is revealed in a meaningful and new way. But the authors do not bypass the emergence and development of political ideas. In the part on the Alaska – Amur dilemma, a whole paragraph highlights the ideas of expanding the territory of the United States and its global influence. It should be emphasized that the textbook is written on the basis of archival studied not only in Russia but also abroad.The connection between history and modernity is determined by the relevance of historical work. The authors made a number of “exits” to the present. They show the historical roots of the current global dominance of the United States and the modern information revolution, give an answer to the question of legality of the sale of Alaska to the United States, highlighting the historical role of N. N. Muravyov-Amursky. The textbook teaches history and awakens in students a sense of pride in historical past of Russia.
An optimized method for AUV trajectory model in benthonic hydrothermal area based on improved slime mold algorithm
Authors: Jiang Chunmeng ,   Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Wuhan 430050, China, Tang Yiming , Wang Jianguo , Zhang Wenchao , Zhou Min , Niu Jiaying , Wan Lei , Chen Guofang , Wu Gongxing , Cheng Xide ,   China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan 430064, China,   School of Naval Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China,   College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China,   School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
Published: July 2024

The optimization of the desired autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) trajectory modeling and AUV trajectory tracking control in the benthonic hydrothermal area were studied. In the conventional trajectory tracking model construction methods, the time points were roughly combined with the position points of the planned path, making it difficult to produce a smooth trajectory. Although the spline interpolation method was an ideal option for smooth curves, a great number of points were needed for a complex desired trajectory mode. In response to the demanding requirements of AUV trajectory tracking control in the benthonic hydrothermal area, an under-actuated test platform was first established, and the cubic spline interpolation was adopted to process the preset path points for a smooth desired trajectory. An improved slime mold algorithm (SMA) was put forward to optimize the interpolating points used in the trajectory modeling. The Levy flight technology and the compactness technique to speed up the search process and increase the search accuracy. The simulation experiments were conducted in comparison with the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA), the particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the compact cuckoo search (CCS). The results showed that the improved SMA shortened the search process, effectively avoided the local extreme values, and generated a high-precision desired trajectory model in a shorter time. The pool test also verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The method proposed in this study can satisfy the modeling of benthonic hydrothermal trajectory with a fewer number of nodes, faster search progress and search accuracy.
Decarbonization in the maritime industry: Factors to create an efficient transition strategy
Authors: Koilo Viktoriia
Published: July 2024

The maritime industry faces intense scrutiny to address climate change amidst strict environmental regulations and societal expectations. The paper mainly focuses on understanding and evaluating the key factors driving the transition toward decarbonization in shipping. The study utilized qualitative analysis, focusing on reviewing current environmental targets set by major regulatory bodies, notably the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the European Union (EU). The study concludes that a clear strategy for reducing emissions is essential, and a holistic approach must be adopted. Thus, the investigation identified several critical factors that can facilitate the creation of an effective strategy to achieve net zero emissions, comply with regulatory goals, and reduce current emissions. They are decarbonization levels (solutions), ecosystem (value chain), and drivers (enablers), collectively referred to as the decarbonization LED model. The study emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement and policy advocacy to support zero-emission transition. For instance, the paper explores the sector’s decarbonization potential through a value chain perspective (Scope 3): employing the life-cycle approach to assess the complete environmental footprint of ship – “Cradle-to-Grave” frameworks (from raw material extraction, production, and product use, until the end of its life) and “Well-to-Wake” methodology to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions from fuel production to end-use by a ship. Additionally, the paper assesses the potential impacts of environmental regulations in the maritime sector, predicting significant transformations in the industry’s operational, technological, and collaborative practices.
AcknowledgmentThis study was partially supported by the SEUS project – Horizon Europe Framework Programme (HORIZON), under grant agreement No 101096224. This article reflects only the authors’ views, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
Silver Electrodeposition in Amide-Based Low-Temperature Molten Salt and Its Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Effect
Authors: Liu Cheng , Jie Chao , Cao Dao , Liu Yu , Li Feng Cui , Gao Shu
Published: July 2024

Silver film is commonly used to examine the structure and composition of molecules due to its surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. A simple method for preparing SERS silver films is proposed in this paper by electrodeposition in an amide-based liquid mixture (urea-acetamide-LiBr). The electrochemical behavior of silver in urea-acetamide-LiBr mixture was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. It was found that the nucleation mechanism of silver shifts to instantaneous nucleation under diffusion control with increasing overpotential and temperature. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations confirmed that the obtained deposits are pure silver. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the morphology of the silver deposits depends on the deposition potential and temperature. Rhodamine 6G was used as probe molecules for SERS experiments, showing that these new active substrates have high sensitivity to SERS response with high enhancement factors, of approximately 107 , and enable Raman scattering even for diluted solutions.
Adsorption Kinetics of Tartrazine Dye on Activated Carbon Derived from Guava (Psidium guajava) Seeds
Authors: de Almeida Elinei , Pacheco Erlan , Nagahama Koji , Santos Tereza Simonne , de Souza Alexilda
Published: July 2024

Azo dyes are widely used in various industries. However, many of these dyes are carcinogenic and reduce light penetration into aqueous systems, posing a threat to human health and hampering photosynthesis in aquatic environments. In this study, guava seeds were used to produce activated carbon by chemical activation with ZnCl2. The carbon was characterized and used as an adsorbent to remove tartrazine dye in aqueous medium. X-ray diffraction showed the formation of a material with disordered graphitic planes, typical of activated carbons. The equilibrium time for the dyeactivated carbon system was found to be 80 min by the Southwell plot method. The adsorbent removed 97.6% of the dye, representing an adsorbed concentration of 1.62 mg g−1 for an adsorbent dosage of 12 g L−1. The pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models provided the best fit to experimental data, suggesting that chemisorption is the predominant mechanism, combined with the effect of surface heterogeneity. From an environmental point of view, the results suggest that the activated carbon produced is an efficient material for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing azo dyes.
Eco-friendly concrete: Combining treated wastewater and recycled aggregates
Authors: de Almeida Maria Eduarda Pereira , Tonetti Adriano Luiz
Published: July 2024

The concrete industry is a significant consumer of drinking water and natural aggregates, such as sand and gravel. However, the scarcity of water and aggregate resources and the challenges associated with the disposal of construction and demolition waste prompted the exploration of alternative materials. This study investigates the feasibility of incorporating secondary treated wastewater from UASB reactors followed by trickling filters and mixed recycled aggregates as potential alternatives. To assess the viability of these alternatives, the study considered the replacement of 100% potable water with treated wastewater, as well as varying proportions of recycled gravel (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and recycled sand (10, 20, 30, 40, and 100%). Physical and mechanical properties were negatively affected, but it was possible to reach compressive results over 40 MPa and splitting tensile strength over 4 MPa for almost all mixes. Regarding physical properties, the use of alternative materials caused poorer outcomes for density, water absorption, and air-void ratio. The limited magnitude of these detrimental effects indicates the potential of manufacturing concrete with the addition of combined treated wastewater and recycled aggregate as a viable strategy while enhancing reuse practices.
Assessment of the ecological status of the river water system in European North under conditions of ultra-fresh humus waters using biotic indices (Suna River, Lake Onega Basin, Russia)
Authors: Baryshev Igor Alexandrovich , Savosin Evgeny , Komulainen Sergey Fedorovich
Published: July 2024

Protecting rivers and lakes from pollution is crucial for maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems and ensuring the well-being of both wildlife and humans. Present study intends to examine the water quality of the Suna River (Eastern Fennoscandia in the European North of Russia) to assess the ecological risk. Widespread methods for assessing water quality based on macrozoobenthos and phytoperiphoton were applied. It was found that in conditions of ultra-fresh waters with high humus content, biotic indicators may indicate pollution of water bodies that do not actually experience significant anthropogenic impact. Ratings ranging from ‘poor’ to ‘excellent’ were obtained for different stations, reflecting the influence of natural features of different sections of the river. ‘Good’ water quality was noted at the river stones biotopes. In river gravel, sand and silt biotopes, as well as all lake biotopes, ‘mediocre’ water quality was found. The low anthropogenic income on the river catchment allows us to conclude that most indices for assessing water quality significantly underestimate the results in the natural conditions of Eastern Fennoscandia. Biotic indices EPT, BBI and EBI are most accurate for assessing the water quality of rivers and lakes in Eastern Fennoscandia.
Current Status and Applications of Gamma Radiation-induced Graft Copolymerized Chitosan
Authors: Torres Maykel González
Published: July 2024

:

Chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer obtained by removing acetyl groups from
chitin through alkaline hydrolysis. It possesses biodegradable properties and exhibits immunological,
antibacterial, and wound-healing activities. This polysaccharide has undergone
modification through radiation-induced graft copolymerization to broaden its application
scope. The potential applications of CS can be expanded by introducing side chains
through grafting. This article aims to review the innovative alternatives of gamma-graftcopolymerized
CS and, for the first time, comprehensively examines the current applications
of CS derivatives in dye removal, metal adsorption, antibacterial interventions, biomedical
practices, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering.
Crucial Structural Understanding for Selective HDAC8 Inhibition: Common Pharmacophores, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and
Zinc Binder Analysis of selective HDAC8 inhibitors
Authors: Sarkar Kakali , Debnath Sudhan , Sen Debanjan , Kar Supratik , Sil Samir Kumar
Published: July 2024

Background:

Overexpression of HDAC8 was observed in various cancers and inhibition
of HDAC8 has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in recent decades.

Objective:

This review aims to facilitate the discovery of novel selective HDAC8 inhibitors by
analyzing the structural scaffolds of 66 known selective HDAC8 inhibitors, along with their IC50
values against HDAC8 and other HDACs.

Methods:

The inhibitors were clustered based on structural symmetry, and common pharmacophores
for each cluster were identified using Phase. Molecular docking with all HDACs was performed
to determine binding affinity and crucial interacting residues for HDAC8 inhibition. Representative
inhibitors from each cluster were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation to analyze
RMSD, RMSF, active site amino acid residues, and crucial interacting residues responsible for
HDAC8 inhibition. The study reviewed the active site amino acid information, active site cavities
of all HDACs, and the basic structure of Zn2+ binding groups.

Results:

Common pharmacophores identified included AADHR_1, AADDR_1, ADDR_1,
ADHHR_1, and AADRR_1. Molecular docking analysis revealed crucial interacting residues: HIS-
142, GLY-151, HIS-143, PHE-152, PHE-20 in the main pocket, and ARG-37, TYR-100, TYR-111,
TYR-306 in the secondary pocket. The RMSD of protein and RMSF of active site amino acid residues
for stable protein-ligand complexes were less than 2.4 Å and 1.0 Å, respectively, as identified
from MD trajectories. The range of Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MMGBSA)
ΔG predicted from MD trajectories was between -15.8379 Å and -61.5017 Å kcal/mol.

Conclusion:

These findings may expedite the rapid discovery of selective HDAC8 inhibitors subject
to experimental evaluation.
A Novel Method for Mining Regulatory sRNAs Related to Rice Resistance Against Blast Fungus from Multi-Omics Data
Authors: Sheng Jianhua , Zhao Enshuang , Zhu Yuheng , Dai Yinfei , Zhang Borui , Qin Qingming , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2024

Background:

Due to infection by the rice blast fungus, rice, a major global staple, faces
yield challenges. While chemical control methods are common, their environmental and economic
costs are growing concerns. Traditional biological experiments are also inefficient for exploring resistance
genes. Therefore, understanding the interaction between rice and the rice blast fungus is urgent
and important.

Objective:

This study aims to use multi-omics data to uncover key elements in rice's defense against
rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. We built a detailed, multi-layered heterogeneous interaction
network, employing an innovative graph embedding feature with a cross-layer random walk algorithm
to identify crucial crucial resistance factors.This could inform strategies for enhancing disease
resistance in rice.

objective:

This study aims to use multi-omics data to uncover key elements in rice's defense against rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. We built a detailed, multi-layered heterogeneous interaction network, employing an innovative graph embedding feature with a cross-layer random walk algorithm, to identify crucial crucial resistance factors. This could inform strategies for enhancing disease resistance in rice.

Methods:

We integrated genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics data on Magnaporthe oryzae
infecting rice. This multi-omics data was used to construct a multi-layer heterogeneous network.An
advanced graph embedding algorithm (BINE) provided rich vector representations of network
nodes. A multi-layer network walking algorithm was then used to analyze the network and identify
key regulatory small RNA (sRNAs) in rice.

Results:

Node similarity rankings allowed us to identify significant regulatory sRNAs in rice that
are integral to disease resistance. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) analyses further revealed their roles in biological processes and key metabolic
pathways.Our integrative method precisely and efficiently identified these crucial elements, offering
a valuable systems biology tool.

Conclusion:

By integrating multi-omics data with computational analysis, this study reveals key
regulatory sRNAs in rice's disease resistance mechanism. These findings enhance our understanding
of rice disease resistance and provide genetic resources for breeding disease-resistant rice. Despite
limitations in sRNA functional interpretation, this research demonstrates the power of applying multi-
omics data to address complex biological problems.
An Overview of the Natural Neuroprotective Agents for the Management of Cognitive Impairment Induced by Scopolamine in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Abidar Sara , Hritcu Lucian , Nhiri Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder mainly characterized by dementia
and cognitive decline. AD is essentially associated with the presence of aggregates of the
amyloid-β peptide and the hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. The available
AD therapies can only alleviate the symptoms; therefore, the development of natural treatments that
exhibit neuroprotective effects and correct the behavioral impairment is a critical requirement. The
present review aims to collect the natural substances that have been evaluated for their neuroprotective
profile against AD-like behaviors induced in zebrafish (Danio rerio) by scopolamine. We focused
on articles retrieved from the PubMed database via preset searching strings from 2010 to
2023. Our review assembled 21 studies that elucidated the activities of 28 various natural substances,
including bioactive compounds, extracts, fractions, commercial compounds, and essential oils.
The listed compounds enhanced cognition and showed several mechanisms of action, namely antioxidant
potential, acetylcholinesterase’s inhibition, and reduction of lipid peroxidation. Additional
studies should be achieved to demonstrate their preventive and therapeutic activities in cellular and
rodent models. Further clinical trials would be extremely solicited to support more insight into the
neuroprotective effects of the most promising drugs in an AD context.
Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome in Pediatric Age
Authors: Roberto Guido , Aloini Maria Elena , Biondo Irene , Ricci Francesca , Maggio Roberta , Lardo Pina , Stigliano Antonio
Published: July 2024

Background:

Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion is a rare clinical
condition resulting from a dysregulated ACTH secretion by neuroendocrine tumors, which can
have various localizations and different histological differentiations. The overall incidence of
endogenous Cushing's syndrome is 0.7–2.4 per million people per year. Children account for
just 10% of all new cases that are reported each year.

Case Report::

When the patient first presented clinically, she was a 17-year-old girl who displayed
symptoms of schizophrenia (delirium, psychotic episodes, and hallucinations). Blood
tests showed diabetes mellitus and hypokalemia. She was also affected by high blood pressure
and osteoporosis complicated by D9-D10 and L1-L5 vertebral collapses. For these reasons, she
was treated with aripiprazole, insulin glargine, potassium chloride, spironolactone, enalapril,
and calcium carbonate. After two months of treatment, she was referred to the pediatrician endocrinologist,
who diagnosed hypercortisolism after prescribing hormone tests (Table 1). After
receiving her diagnosis, she began taking 1000 mg of metyrapone and had a whole-body CT
scan, which revealed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. The results of the 68Ga-PET/DOTATOC
and 18FDG-PET scans were negative. The clinical course was intermittent in the months that
followed, with hypercortisolism and eucortisolism alternating. After one year of treatment, a
68Ga-PET/DOTATOC showed a nodule in the thymic lodge (Fig. 1). The patient underwent a
thymectomy. Unfortunately, after surgery, she continued to have high levels of cortisol, for
which she continued metyrapone 750 mg/die. 68Ga-PET/DOTATOC repeated three months
after surgery showed again an uptake corresponding to the thymic lodge (Fig. 2). In order to
remove the neuroendocrine lesion, she had a new surgery, which resulting a finally resolutive.
ACTH levels were monitored before, during, and post-surgery (Table 2). The laboratory provided
the ACTH results very quickly and thoracic surgeons waited for hormonal results before
concluding the procedure. The adopted strategy permitted us to monitor the outcome of the surgery.

Conclusion::

The heterogeneity of ectopic Cushing's syndrome makes diagnosis difficult.
Treatment of ectopic Cushing's syndrome requires close clinical, biochemical, and instrumental
observation. Metyrapone is a drug able to control hypercortisolism in a lasting way with a
good level of safety. 68Ga-PET/DOTATOC proves to be a tracer with good sensitivity and
specificity for the identification of ACTH-secreting neuroendocrine lesions. The short half-life
of ACTH is found to be a strategy to monitor the complete surgical resection of the neuroendocrine
lesion. A multidisciplinary approach improves therapeutic success and reduces the risk of
recurrence.
PENGARUH NYSTATIN KOMBINASI TERAPI OKSIGEN HIPERBARIK TERHADAP JUMLAH LIMFOSIT PADA TIKUS MODEL KANDIDIASIS ORAL IMUNOSUPRESI
Authors: Fatimatuzzahra Syarifah , Febrina Pargaputri Agni , Andriani Dwi , Karsini Isidora
Published: July 2024

Latar belakang: Kandidiasis oral merupakan infeksi jamur pada rongga mulut yang sebagian besar disebabkan oleh jamur jenis Candida. Limfosit berperan sebagai pertahanan utama host dalam melawan infeksi jamur pada permukaan mukosa dan epidermis. Penggunaan obat antijamur nystatin efektif untuk pengobatan infeksi jamur, sedangkan terapi oksigen hiperbarik diketahui sebagai salah satu terapi adjuvant dalam mengeliminasi infeksi jamur, sehingga pemberian kombinasi nystatin dan terapi oksigen hiperbarik diharapkan dapat berpengaruh pada sel limfosit dalam melawan infeksi jamur. Tujuan: Membuktikan pengaruh nystatin kombinasi terapi oksigen hiperbarik terhadap jumlah limfosit pada tikus model kandidiasis oral imunosupresi. Metode: Tikus strain Wistar sebanyak 25 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok: K1 (tikus sehat), K2 (tikus model kandidiasis oral imunosupresi), K3 (tikus model kandidiasis oral imunosupresi diberi nystatin topikal), K4 (tikus model kandidiasis oral imunosupresi diberi terapi oksigen hiperbarik), dan K5 (tikus model kandidiasis oral imunosupresi diberi kombinasi nystatin topikal dan terapi oksigen hiperbarik). Tikus pada K2, K3, K4, dan K5 diimunosupresi dengan deksametason peroral selama 14 hari. Candida albicans dioleskan pada dorsum linguae tikus untuk menginduksi kandidiasis. Nystatin topikal 0,5 cc diberikan pada K3 dan K5, terapi oksigen hiperbarik 2,4 ATA diberikan pada K4 dan K5 selama 5 hari. Jumlah limfosit pada lidah tikus diamati menggunakan mikroskop pembesaran 400x. Hasil: Uji statistik Post-Hoc LSD menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna pada kelompok K1 dibandingkan K2, K2 dibandingkan dengan K1, K3, K4, dan K5, sedangkan pada kelompok K3, K4, dan K5 tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Kesimpulan: Kombinasi nystatin dan terapi oksigen hiperbarik berpengaruh pada peningkatan jumlah limfosit model oral kandidiasis imunosupresi.
Transformaciones del Ejército Nacional de Colombia: Hitos sociales, políticos y estratégicos
Authors: Duque-López José Octavio , Yate-Arévalo Abdénago
Published: July 2024

Las investigaciones que se presentan en cada uno de los capítulos del presente libro dan a conocer las transformaciones que, por factores internos o externos, se han llevado a cabo en Ejército Nacional de Colombia, bien sea estratégica, normativa e incluso sociopolíticas, acordes a las circunstancias. Con esto, se pone en evidencia el constante cambio, actualización o evolución del Ejército Nacional para estar acorde con los retos y las necesidades de la República de Colombia y su búsqueda constante del fortalecimiento de la democracia y el respeto por los derechos humanos.
Ejército Nacional de Colombia: relaciones cívico-militares y partidos políticos en el frente nacional
Authors: Salinas-Rodríguez José Luis , Velásquez-Peláez Carlos Arturo
Published: July 2024

Este capítulo examina la historia de las relaciones entre el Ejército Nacional de Colombia y la sociedad civil a partir de la consolidación de los partidos políticos y su acerca-miento con Fuerza, identificando el impacto y su influencia en los contextos político, social y económico del país dentro del llamado Frente Nacional, periodo de gran complejidad para el país, por las protestas sociales tratadas como nichos de grupos subversivos que podrían desestabilizar el país. En este contexto, el EJC apoya distintos procesos sociales en varios territorios, rediseñando las labores estrictamente militares a obras sociales que permitieron acercar el Ejército y la sociedad civil y otras entidades gubernamentales.
Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior in individuals with stable COPD non-infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fontana Andréa Daiane , Santana André Vinicius , Almeida Rafaela Cristina , Mantoani Leandro Cruz , Camillo Carlos Augusto , Furlanetto Karina Couto , Hernandes Nidia Aparecida , Pitta Fabio
Published: July 2024

Objective: to identify factors associated to sedentary behavior and physical inactivity in individuals with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) non-infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify possible favorable conditions during social isolation in individuals who performed pulmonary rehabilitation in the pre-pandemic period. Method: time/day in sedentary activities and moderate/vigorous physical activities (SA and MVPA, respectively), history of previous rehabilitation, laboural activity, symptoms, insecurity and quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]) were assessed during strict social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals were classified as sedentary if presenting time/day in SA >8.5 h/day and physically inactive if presenting time/day in MVPA <150 min/week. Result: The sample consisted of 33 individuals (69±7 years; 20 male). Regarding the SF-36, non-sedentary individuals presented better functional capacity than sedentary individuals (65 [38-73] vs. 33 [20-63] points; p=0.01) whereas physically active individuals presented better physical and social function than physically inactive individuals (100 [100-100] vs. 50 [25-100] points, p=0.049; and 100 [100-100] vs. 75 [69-100] points, p=0.022, respectively). Having a professional activity and working outside were associated with non-sedentary behavior (X2=5.93; p=0.025 and X2=7.03; p=0.009, respectively). Having undergone rehabilitation previously to the pandemic was associated with less insecurity to walk outside (X2=4.95; p=0.034) and better perception of symptoms’ worsening (X2=5.46; p=0.033). Conclusion: non-sedentarism was associated with functional capacity and laboural activity; active lifestyle was associated with physical and social function; and previous rehabilitation was associated with better symptoms’ recognition and less insecurity.
Question Answering for Electronic Health Records: Scoping Review of Datasets and Models
Authors: Bardhan Jayetri , Roberts Kirk , Wang Daisy Zhe
Published: July 2024

Background

Question answering (QA) systems for patient-related data can assist both clinicians and patients. They can, for example, assist clinicians in decision-making and enable patients to have a better understanding of their medical history. Substantial amounts of patient data are stored in electronic health records (EHRs), making EHR QA an important research area. Because of the differences in data format and modality, this differs greatly from other medical QA tasks that use medical websites or scientific papers to retrieve answers, making it critical to research EHR QA.

Objective

This study aims to provide a methodological review of existing works on QA for EHRs. The objectives of this study were to identify the existing EHR QA datasets and analyze them, study the state-of-the-art methodologies used in this task, compare the different evaluation metrics used by these state-of-the-art models, and finally elicit the various challenges and the ongoing issues in EHR QA.

Methods

We searched for articles from January 1, 2005, to September 30, 2023, in 4 digital sources, including Google Scholar, ACL Anthology, ACM Digital Library, and PubMed, to collect relevant publications on EHR QA. Our systematic screening process followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 4111 papers were identified for our study, and after screening based on our inclusion criteria, we obtained 47 papers for further study. The selected studies were then classified into 2 non–mutually exclusive categories depending on their scope: “EHR QA datasets” and “EHR QA models.”

Results

A systematic screening process obtained 47 papers on EHR QA for final review. Out of the 47 papers, 53% (n=25) were about EHR QA datasets, and 79% (n=37) papers were about EHR QA models. It was observed that QA on EHRs is relatively new and unexplored. Most of the works are fairly recent. In addition, it was observed that emrQA is by far the most popular EHR QA dataset, both in terms of citations and usage in other papers. We have classified the EHR QA datasets based on their modality, and we have inferred that Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) and the National Natural Language Processing Clinical Challenges datasets (ie, n2c2 datasets) are the most popular EHR databases and corpuses used in EHR QA. Furthermore, we identified the different models used in EHR QA along with the evaluation metrics used for these models.

Conclusions

EHR QA research faces multiple challenges, such as the limited availability of clinical annotations, concept normalization in EHR QA, and challenges faced in generating realistic EHR QA datasets. There are still many gaps in research that motivate further work. This study will assist future researchers in focusing on areas of EHR QA that have possible future research directions.
Textual Representation of Mr. Kurtz in Heart of Darkness
Authors: Twaha Asim. I.
Published: July 2024

The paper attempts to study the way the character of Mr. Kurtz is materialised in Heart of Darkness. The portrayal of Mr. Kurtz’s character is studied and analysed in this research work with reference to two of the major ways of character portrayal – direct definition and indirect presentation. The direct mode of description refers to the description of a character directly and explicitly with the help of a particular word, sentence, or event, whereas in indirect presentation, a character is materialized in terms of various means, such as the action, the speech, the external appearance and even the environment. The paper with references to the textual examples from Heart of Darkness, endeavours to explore how Mr. Kurtz’s character is sketched out using the two modes of textual representation.
A brief synopsis of phycological studies in Uruguay
Authors: Bonilla Sylvia
Published: July 2024

In this article, I summarize the development of the phycology in Uruguay since the beginning of the !9th Century. Uruguayan phycological research has been dominated by ecological, eco-physiological and taxonomical studies of freshwater phytoplankton, influenced by the development of limnology, with few studies completed on marine macroalgae. Other areas such as biotechnology, evolution and the biology of algae and cyanobacteria are still largely unexplored. I pay homage to María del Carmen Pérez (1959-2022), who was the most important Uruguayan phytoplankton taxonomist ever, and a kind, enthusiastic and hard-working person with a distinctive passion for the phytoplankton taxonomy.
Preparación de puntos cuánticos de carbono para enseñar conceptos de absorción y emisión de energía
Authors: Cueto Álvarez Kelly Alejandra , Salamanca Maurin
Published: July 2024

Este artículo presenta una estrategia didáctica innovadora implementada para estudiantes de química básica en la educación media con el objetivo de enseñar conceptos abstractos y difíciles de entender en química, de una forma más atractiva y accesible. La estrategia se basa en el uso de experiencias prácticas en el aula, utilizando la nanotecnología como herramienta diferenciadora. Se centra en la preparación de puntos cuánticos de carbono mediante un proceso sencillo pero fascinante, para abordar experimentalmente los conceptos de absorción y emisión de energía. La estrategia comienza con la identificación de conceptos previos necesarios y la introducción de nuevos conceptos relacionados con los puntos cuánticos de carbono. A continuación, tiene lugar la fase de desarrollo, en la que los alumnos siguen una guía de trabajo para preparar los puntos cuánticos y discuten la relación entre lo observado y los conceptos aprendidos. Por último, se utiliza una herramienta de evaluación para medir los resultados obtenidos, y se demuestra que la estrategia ha mejorado significativamente la comprensión de conceptos como la absorción y la emisión de energía. Adicionalmente, los alumnos tienen la oportunidad de aprender sobre nanotecnología y crear estructuras con impacto tecnológico y medioambiental. Se ofrece un enfoque refrescante y atractivo del aprendizaje de la química.
influence of feminist mobilization on legal consciousness and the practices of femicide prosecutors in Mexico at the subnational level
Authors: Velasco Domínguez María de Lourdes
Published: July 2024

Over the last two decades, some feminist organizations in Mexico have applied principles of transnational women’s rights through the use of concepts such as femicide (feminicidio) and also promoted both the pretrial preventive detention for these crimes, and the implementation of “gender-based violence alerts” by the Mexican federal government. The article aims to understand how these federal policies have influenced the legal consciousness and practices of prosecutors in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico, from 2009 to 2021. I argue that feminist discourses have been inspired by federal-level policies based on penal populism and, although they have encouraged prosecutors to defend the rights of femicide victims, they have also promoted violations of defendants’ and victims’ rights. A qualitative methodology based on documental analysis and interviews with prosecutors, defense attorneys, and human rights defenders has been applied. The article compares narratives and practices of femicide prosecutors during two historical periods and claims that feminist discourses have helped to raise consciousness of women’s rights for prosecutors but have also helped to justify some probable violations of human rights.
Entrevista al Dr. Rodrigo Brito Melgarejo
Authors: Guerrero Benitez Axel Joseph , Flores Flores Juan Alberto
Published: July 2024

Es licenciado y doctor en derecho por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, especialista en habilidades docentes por la Universidad Anáhuac, maestro en derechos humanos y democracia por la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y doctor en Justicia Constitucional y Derechos Fundamentales por la Universidad de Pisa. Dentro de su actividad profesional se ha desempeñado como asesor en el Consejo General del Instituto Federal Electoral, Visitador Adjunto en la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos y asesor adscrito a la Secretaría General de la Cámara de Diputados del H. Congreso de la Unión. Es autor de diversos libros y artículos en obras colectivas y revistas especializadas de México y el extranjero. Actualmente es integrante del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores y profesor titular de tiempo completo en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, donde funge como Director del Seminario de Derecho Constitucional.
Mentor Management System
Authors: Jadhav Shreya
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This paper introduces the "Mentor Management System," an innovative Java-based Database Management System (DBMS) web application designed to enhance mentor-mentee interactions and administrative oversight in academic institutions. Addressing the growing demand for efficient mentorship collaborations, the system aims to streamline connections between mentors and mentees while optimizing the overall mentorship process for students, mentors, and administrative personnel. The Online Student Mentoring System offers a comprehensive platform facilitating seamless interactions among administrators, mentors, and students. Administrators manage and optimize system operations, ensuring efficiency across all levels. Equipped with specialized tools, mentors engage with students to understand their unique needs, providing personalized guidance that fosters both academic progress and personal development. Students benefit from a user-friendly interface, allowing effortless access to mentorship, query resolution, and tailored insights to enrich their educational experience
Renewable Energy Prediction Using Different ML Algorithms
Authors: Ahmed Azka Ihtesham Uddin
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The global community is grappling with numerous obstacles in fulfilling its energy requirements, stemming from the limited availability of fossil fuel reserves. It is, at present, rapidly shifting its focus towards Renewable Energy Sources to overcome the limitations of fossil fuels and generate environmentally friendly energy. Earlier, their unpredictable nature made them less appealing, but recent progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has allowed for accurate forecasts of their energy production. With a well-planned approach to balancing energy loads, renewable energy sources can satisfy energy needs without the necessity for extra storage. In this piece, we conducted a machine learning analysis on a dataset obtained from the Kaggle Platform by utilizing various algorithms, such as Random Forest (RF), Linear Support Vector Regression (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Linear Regression (LR).
Pilih karirmu! Pelatihan ”PLANS” bagi Siswa kelas XI Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)
Authors: Rahmawati Yuli
Published: July 2024

Adolescent is one of the crucial stages of human development, because at this age people are expected to be able tomake a lot of decision, as if career decision making. Appropriate subjects should be taken in the college which shouldbe in line with pupils’ career aspiration. Unfortunately, high school students are still confused and unsure because ofnumerous factors. PLANS training is designed to enhance both individual knowledge and skill to plan their career. Thisresearch conducted by using mixed method to 12 high school students within 16-17 years old, and who has low-middlescore in career decision making self-efficacy. We found that career decision making self-efficacy score in pretest waslower than post-test score. In descriptive, after following the training, there are increased following aspects such asself-awareness, set an achievable goals, and increase subjective motivation.
Adaptation of Wetland Farming Communities to Modernization: Case Study in Jelapat 1 Village, Indonesia
Authors: Ruswinarsih Sigit , P Reski , Norkamaliah Norkamaliah , Situmorang Tesaleonika
Published: July 2024

Modernization can bring progress on the one hand, but on the other hand, modernization may not provide the expected benefits, such as increasing dependence on expensive agricultural inputs and climate change which has an impact on agricultural practices. The main theme of the research is wetland farming communities facing the flow of modernization to outline farming community strategies in adapting wetland farming practices. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method based on considering the specificity of the theme according to the characteristics of the research area in Jelapat 1 Village, Tamban District, Barito Kuala Regency. Informants were selected purposively using the criteria of character, membership of farmer groups, and willingness to become informants. Data was collected using observation methods, in-depth interviews, and documentation to obtain valid and varied data. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing stages. For data credibility, triangulation techniques were used. The research results show that farmers in Jelapat 1 Village face water conditions that always inundate agricultural land, which is difficult to control due to strong natural factors. The challenges faced by farmers besides pasang pandit are also dwarf pests and birds. Concerning modernization, it can be concluded that farmers in Jelapat 1 Village use traditional knowledge in adapting agricultural practices in wetlands, namely, arranging planting patterns, making simple water channels, selecting superior seeds that suit wetland criteria, and using organic fertilizer. This phenomenon indicates the conservation of local wisdom in wetland farming in Jelapat 1 Village by the farming community.
The Correlation of Muhkam Verses with Nasikh and Mansukh in Islamic Legal Determination
Authors: Syukrinur Syukrinur
Published: July 2024

This study examines the correlation between muhkam verses and nasikh wal mansukh in determining Islamic legal rulings. Muhkam verses, characterized by their clear and explicit meanings, and nasikh wal mansukh, referring to the abrogation of certain laws within the Qur'an, are foundational concepts in 'ulum al-Qur'an. The research utilizes a qualitative methodology, involving detailed textual analysis of primary Qur'anic verses and secondary scholarly interpretations. The findings reveal that while muhkam verses provide explicit legal instructions, the principles of nasikh wal mansukh allow for the adaptation of these laws in response to changing social and historical contexts. This dynamic interplay ensures that Islamic legal rulings remain relevant and effective across different eras and circumstances. The study highlights the necessity of understanding the conditions and implications of abrogation in Islamic law and underscores the importance of contextual and scholarly engagement in the interpretation and application of Qur'anic teachings. This comprehensive analysis contributes to the broader discourse on the flexibility and timeless applicability of Islamic law, demonstrating its capacity to address contemporary legal challenges without contradicting core religious principles.
PELATIHAN ANALISIS STATISTIKA DESKRIPTIF GUNA MENGEKSPLOR POTENSI DAERAH DAN MENUNJANG KINERJA DI KECAMATAN JAMBI LUAR KOTA
Authors: Ihsan Mahya , Kholijah Gusmi , Rarasati Niken , Z Gusmanely
Published: July 2024

Pembangunan nasional bertujuan mensejahterakan masyarakat. Pembangunan ini dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Daerah yang memiliki perangkat pemerintahan dibagian kecamatan. Kecamatan merupakan perpanjangan tangan dari pelaksanaan tugas-tugas pemerintahan Kabupaten/Kota Madya dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Muara Jambi, yang sekaligus wilayah berdirinya Universitas Jambi. Pelaksanaan penghimpunan data secara deskriftif belum optimal dalam kecamatan ini, sehingga mengharuskan adanya penambahan keterampilan para pegawai kecamatan dalam mengesplor data deskripsi kecamatan. Bentuk data yang terhimpun diantaranya data penduduk kecamatan, data pertanian, data peternakan, data pertanian, data geografis kecamatan dan sebagainya. Dalam statistika deskriptif, data yang dieksplor dapat disajikan dalam bentuk tabel, diagram dan grafis. Sehingga dilaksanakan program pengabdian Masyarakat di Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota untuk menyampaikan tentang statistika deskriptif untuk menunjang kerja pegawai Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota. Kegiatan pengabdian ini menghasilkan para pegawai yang dapat menjalankan aplikasi untuk mengeksplor data deskriptif, dan juga dapat menyajikan dalam bentuk tabel frekuensi, diagram lingkaran, diagram batang.