bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeological Model of Geothermal Waters in Gölemezli and Environs, Western Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Özgür Nevzat , FatihAkınay
Published: December 2020

Study area is situated in 2 km NW part of the world famous travertine deposits of Pamukkale located in the node point of the Büyük Menderes and Gediz rift zones. Geologically, there are two rocks units for reservoirs in the area: (1) the Neogene Sazak formation forms the shallow reservoir and (2) the Paleozoic Iğdecik and Ortaköy formation forms the deep reservoir and are composed of marble, quartzite and schist alternations. In the area, in-situ measurements of temperatures, pH, Eh (mV), electrical conducxgtivity values (μaS/cm), dissolved oxygen values (mg/l) and alkalinity values (mmol/l) were realized. At the same time, 15 samples of geothermal waters and groundwaters in the study area were collected for cation and anion analyses by ICP-OES and IC. The geothermal waters of Gölemezli are of Na-Ca-(SO4)-HCO3 type waters whereas the geothermal waters of Pamukkale are classified as Ca-Mg-HCO3 type waters. In Gölemezli, thera are predominant cations of Na+K>Ca>Mg and predominat anions of SO4>HCO3>Cl respectively. The triangular diagram of Na1/1000-K1/100-√Ma indicates an immature water in Gölemezli and environs. Finally, geothermal waters of Gölemezli and environs were represented as a conceptual model due to hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and isotope geochemical data in this study.
Hydrogeological Modelling of Geothermal Waters in Yenice (Buldan, Denizli) and Environs, Turkey
Authors: Özgür Nevzat , Aslan Cihan
Published: December 2020

The study deals with hydrogeological modelling of geothermal waters in Yenice located in the southern margin of the continental rift zone of the Büyük Menderes where it incorporates with the rift zone of the Gediz within the Menderes Massif in which hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical andi sotope geochemical methods were used. In Yenice and environs, Paleozoic metamorphic rocks forms the basement overlain by Neogene sedimentary rocks such as Kızılburun formation, Sazak formation, Kolonkaya formation and Tosunlar formation. These rocks are overlain by Quaternary alluviums and travertine deposits. Geothermal waters in the area of Yenice are of meteoric origin and show intense water-rock interaction. These geothermal waters can be considered as Ca-Na-(SO4)-HCO3type. Moreover, geothermal waters have an order of cations of Na+K>Ca>Mg and anions of HCO3>SO4>Cl. Geothermal waters of the study area are distinguished by surface temperatures from 36 to 70 °C, pH values between 6 and 6.85 and electrical conductivity values ranging from 1950 to 5000 µS/cm. According to calculations of geochemical thermometers, geothermal waters of Yenice show reservoir temperatures between 170 and 230 °C and can be classified as immature waters.
Accuracy Evaluation and Comparison of Mobile Laser Scanning and Mobile Photogrammetry Data
Authors: Kalvoda Petr , Nosek Jakub , Kuruc Michal , Volarik Tomas , Kalvodova Petra
Published: December 2020

Mobile mapping systems (MMS) are becoming used in standard geodetic tasks more common in the last years. This paper deals with the accuracy evaluation of two types of data acquired by MMS RIEGL VMX-450, and their comparison. The first type is data from mobile laser scanning (MLS). The second type is mobile photogrammetry data. The new high accurate test point field was built in area of Advanced Materials, Structures and Technologies (AdMaS) research centre that is part of Brno University of Technology. Geodetic network and test point field were measured by Trimble R8s GNSS system and Trimble S8 HP total station. The estimate of the 3D standard deviation determined by an adjustment is 2 mm. The accuracy of MLS and mobile photogrammetry data was tested based on the differences between the coordinates of the points determined from the MMS data and determined by before mentioned high precise measurement. The resulting coordinates from photogrammetric data were determined by manual detection of targets in the images. The estimate of the 3D standard deviation is 0.017 m from the MLS data, and 0.061 m from the mobile photogrammetry data. As we supposed, the mobile laser scanning data are significantly more accurate than mobile photogrammetry data. Achieved accuracy of MLS exceeds the original expectations with respect to the GNSS/IMU positioning accuracy, which is according to the manufacturer RIEGL between 0.02-0.05 m. The same scene is often scanned with multiple scanning passes to ensure high quality of the scanned point cloud, therefore we tested the relative accuracy of mobile laser scanning data from two MMS vehicle passes in the same locality of interest. Two different data sets were evaluated, first data set contains points on roads, second data set on buildings. The standard deviation estimate does not exceed 0.008 m and the maximum absolute deviation does not exceed 0.030 m for both data sets. The difference between the two passes is not significant in comparison with the accuracy criteria required for standard mapping purposes. We also compared automatic point cloud production from photogrammetry data processed in Bentley ContextCapture to the point cloud from laser scanning. The MLS data has been used as a reference because it is significantly more accurate as mentioned before. This comparison was done only on the second data set (buildings). The standard deviation estimate is 0.16 m and the maximum absolute deviation is 0.25 m. Our evaluation contains also statistical testing of outliers and stragglers. In contrast to many authors, we don’t use the simplified approach 3σ rule, and in 1D. We use more exact approach using critical values of the statistics for significance levels α = 5 % and α = 1 % to stragglers and outliers test in 3D.
Assessment of Impact and Ballistic Resistance of Some Types of Organoplastics
Authors: Chikhradze Nikoloz , Abashidze Guram , Tsverava Davit , Kvinikadze Sophiko , Kirtadze Lia
Published: December 2020

The paper represents the results of the experimental determination of impact resistance and the principles of assessing the ballistic resistance of organoplastics. Organoplastics are presented as a composite material consisting of unsaturated polyester resin (matrix) and a reinforcing component of organic origin, mainly aramid fiber. Reinforcing components are fabrics of various weaves, canvases, and discrete fiber. The polyester resin contains an additive that provides biodegradability of the binding component. In the case of using a biodegradable reinforcing component or a mineral-based reinforcing component, the organoplastics will cause minimal damage to the environment after the exploitation period. Experimental data on the impact resistance of the material were obtained on a 3 m high impact coper on the basis of fixing the work of destruction of samples of organoplastics of a certain thickness. The essence of the ballistic stability assessment was to compile a system of differential equations describing the degree of change in kinetic energy when a bullet (fragment) hits the material and the nature of the decrease in the speed of their contact in the barrier. To solve the system of equations, initial data are required: time, bullet velocity, length of the non-working part of the bullet, cross-sectional area, and mass of the bullet (fragment). The solution of the problem determines the degree of decrease in the speed of the bullet (fragment) contact with the barrier. The obtained research results are suitable for protecting the object from the impact and designing light armor protection of vehicles and other means.
Aluminum geochemical characterization in agricultural soils: sequential chemical extraction combined with mineralogical analysis of the fine fraction
Authors: Mercedes Taboada-Castro M. , Luz Rodríguez-Blanco M. , Teresa Taboada-Castro M.
Published: December 2020

Understanding both the concentration and distribution of aluminum (Al) in agricultural soils is essential to provide a benchmark on the productivity of such soils. In this study, a combination of sequential chemical extraction and mineralogical investigation of the fine fraction was used in order to evaluate Al pools in agricultural soils in Galicia (NW Spain), an Atlantic European region where the wet climate favors leaching of soil basic cations. Determination of Al (soluble/exchangeable/specifically adsorbed, bound to manganese oxides, associated with amorphous compounds, bound to oxidizable organic matter, associated with crystalline iron oxides, and residual fraction) in the topsoil samples was performed to evaluate its potential environmental availability in the study area. Aluminum contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the mineralogy of the fine fraction of these soils was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that Al is mainly in the residual phase, which represents Al incorporated in the lattice minerals, and consequently the threat of toxicity to plants and the environment is reduced. The XRD results showed the presence of hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculites and kaolinite, accompanied by small amounts of goethite, mica, and quartz.
Impact of Biochar on Soil Temperature During 2 Year Field Experiment
Authors: Gliniak Maciej , Sikora Jakub , Sadowska Urszula , Klimek-Kopyra Agnieszka , Latawiec Agnieszka , Kuboń Maciej
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper was to investigate the relation of temperature of the soil surface to a biochar dose used in the field cultivation. Material from observations in a vegetation season of 2018 and 2019 was used in the studies. Based on the research that was carried out it was reported that the strongest relations of the temperature of air with the temperature of soil occurred for all biochar doses. In summer, relations of biochar to the soil temperature were stable and statistically significant.
Using of ion implantation for obtaining nanostructures with the wide band GaP based on GaP
Authors: Donaev S B , Karimova V N , Azimov A T , Boltaboyev K , Yakubova M M
Published: December 2020

GaAlP films and monocrystalline phases were obtained by method implantation of Al+ with E0 = 1 keV ions at different doses on the surface of a GaP(111) single crystal, their electronic and crystal structure was researched. It was shown that the type and parameters of the three-component nanostructure lattice well coincide with those of the substrate. The relationship between the width of the band gap Eg and the size of nanocrystalline phases is researched. It was found that in the case of the surface dimensions of phases d less than 35-40 nm (thickness 3.5-4 nm), in the nanocrystalline phases Ga0.6Al0.4P quantum-sized effect are conducted.
Calculation the dynamic stability zone of the distribution grid with generating sources based on renewable energy
Authors: Anarbaev A , Tursunov O , Zakhidov R , Kodirov D , Rakhmatov A , Toshpulatov N , Namozov S , Sabirov E
Published: December 2020

This study discusses the problems of ensuring the dynamic stability of distributed grids, including traditional generators, as well as renewable energy sources. Based on the energy distribution problem, an alternative regime model is formulated to calculate the steady-state in the distributed grid. Instead of using the state vector, it uses a calculated vector containing flows of active and reactive power for all branches of the grid’s equivalent circuit and nodal voltages. Test circuits of the distribution grid are drawn up for the power node with the possible connection of a solar power station and a gas turbine. It is shown that the appearance of heavy perturbations on the lines connecting these parts leads to a loss of dynamic stability. This creates new scarce and redundant parts of electrical grids. The possibility of the appearance of such areas is reduced with small (up to 30%) and large fractions (more than 85%). Therefore, in this range, it is advisable to concentrate distributed generation facilities in individual nodes of the power system.
Linear electric actuator of a sectional plane shut-off of hydrotechnical structures
Authors: Yunusov R F , Bayzakov T M , Sattarov N E , Xaliqnazarov U A , Nazarov O A , Diniqulov D U
Published: December 2020

The sectional design of a flat shutter with an electric drive has lower energy characteristics and improved operational and technological indicators compared to the existing ones for hydraulic structures and channels. The use of linear asynchronous electric motors in linear electric drives allows to simplify the design and reduce material consumption. Modeling of linear induction motors with various designs of the secondary element is carried out on the basis of detailed equivalent circuits for electric and magnetic circuits. Coating a massive or serrated secondary element with a layer of non-magnetic material can increase the traction performance of a linear motor. Comparison of the results of numerical modeling and physical experiments of linear induction motors with various secondary element designs for a sectional flat shutter is the most effective shielded ferromagnetic secondary element.
Estimation of the temperature and humidity kinetics during the passage of vaporous moisture through textile materials
Authors: Vakhidova U A , Ibragimova Z I , Apakhodjaeva T U
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of analyses of heat transfer during the passage of vaporous moisture through textile materials. The process of heat exchange in the system “human -clothes - environment” is considered. Considering that clothing is one of the main thermoregulators of the body, the research was conducted in terms of “thermal comfort”, which relies on the feeling of satisfaction when using the garment. Psycho-emotional and physical comfort are closely related and make up a single unity. This is of particular importance when designing clothes for pregnant women. The results of the experiments showed that with an increase in the volume of droplet-liquid moisture (which occurs during wearing with an increase in the ambient temperature and physical activity on the human body), the strength of tissue adhesion to the skin surface increases. Analyses of experimental data using mathematical statistics allowed obtaining the dependence of the sticking force on the temperature difference.
Economic efficiency in the use of solar energy: A case study of Agriculture in Uzbekistan
Authors: Kodirov D , Tursunov O , Ahmedov A , Khakimov R , Rakhmataliev M
Published: December 2020

This article explores the cost-effectiveness of using a solar panel in a household. It also analyzes households’ demand for electricity and their use. Daily household consumption of electricity was calculated based on monograph observations and its average daily consumption was 1513 kW/day. The solar panels’ technical characteristics (current, voltage, battery capacity, inverter, and other) are based on the solar panels to fully meet their electricity demand. It was found that the lowest electricity generation potential could be accumulated in December, the highest in June and July, and the law was based on the opposite. Proposals and recommendations on efficient use of solar energy have been scientifically justified.
A Sustainable Environmentally Friendly Pre-Treatment Process towards Knit-Dyeing Technology Convenient for Environmental Perspective
Authors: Dutta P , Sufian M A , Sheen Sh M , Chowdhury S
Published: December 2020

The use of enzymes in textile processing has made a major contribution to the development of textiles, in particular, textile wet processing. With temperatures of 95°C, a method of conventional scouring on cotton knitted fabric is conducted in a higher base medium (pH 10.5-12) with sodium hydroxide. This process is gradually being replaced by an eco-friendly and economical approach using enzymes that obviate the non-cellulosic impurities. In this work, cotton knit fabric samples were bio-scoured by BioPrep® Fusion (bio-scouring enzyme) and also, they were scoured by using the traditional method. Then, the physicochemical parameters of the effluents derived from the scouring process have been investigated in this study. The physical parameters include Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Moreover, the chemical parameters involve pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Alkalinity. Furthermore, the impacts of traditional caustic soda scouring on environmental contamination have also been investigated using a number of different techniques and apparatus and compared to that of enzymatic scoured fabrics. The results of the physicochemical parameters of the effluents test reveal greater ecological developments in the use of the enzyme. Based on the findings of this analysis, it is often understood that the bio-scouring process performed far better as opposed to the traditional method, and also the method is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Hence, enzymatic scouring can be utilized as an eco-friendly in contrast to traditional caustic soda scouring in the knit-dyeing factory.
Operational control of energy consumptions of reclamation machines
Authors: Muratov A , Muratov O , Melikuziyev S
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the effectiveness of the application of a new method of operational control over the consumption of fuel and lubricants (POL) of construction and reclamation machines using GIS technologies. Operational control over the consumption of fuels and lubricants is necessary to place orders for their purchase on stock exchanges, to manage the route of refueling vehicles between construction sites and to assess the continuity of the machines at the construction site. Remote sensing of the work of the organization’s construction machines will allow you to quickly manage the processes of their transfer from facility to facility, as well as to monitor the timing of specific work (production assignment) by these machines, units and teams.
The effect of implantation barium ions on the surface of Pd and Pd-Ba under ion bombardment
Authors: Donaev S B , Normuminov J A , Rakhimov A M , Muminova D , Nishonova L H
Published: December 2020

The influence of ion implantation Ba+ on the composition, structure and secondary emission properties of polycrystalline samples of Pd and Pd-Ba. It is shown that at low doses (D <1015 cm-2) formed separate nanocluster phase, and at high doses (D ≥ 1016 cm-2) - coarse sites Pd2Ba, Pd-Ba with sharp edges, the dimensions of which lie in the range 2 -10 microns. It has been established that ion-implanted samples exhibit relatively high emission efficiency than activated alloys.
Blockchain based Security Solutions with IoT Application in Construction Industry
Authors: Singh P
Published: December 2020

Blockchain Technology is an evolving digital technology that has become widely applicable in different industry and business sectors in recent years, particularly in financial and banking areas due to the rapid rise in the value of cryptocurrencies in recent years. A blockchain technology is basically a decentralized database that records any transaction made within the network, which is known as a ‘node,’ which includes encrypted data from the entire background of the transaction. In any sector, the implementation of decentralized technology lead to strengthening, protection, implementation of accountability and a transition from current centralized systems to a decentralized system, which is required in construction industry. The construction industry will continue to be a crucial engine of economic development for all nations. Construction industry is one of the world’s most important sectors. Application of Blockchain and IoT plays a very important role in construction industry. In construction industry, the decentralized ledger of data gathered from sources includes transactions and accounts via a linked network and relies on the agreement between the node points, which strengthens Blockchain’s transparency, traceability, and collaborative existence. This paper presents an overview and motivation for the application of IoT & Blockchain Technology in the construction industry. The integration of Blockchain technology and IoT (Internet of Things) strengthens the whole system and makes real time more applicable. This paper therefore shows Blockchain’s potential applications with IoT in the infrastructure and construction industry.
Study of hydraulic parameters for concreting channels
Authors: Fatxulloyev A , Allayorov D , Otakhonov M
Published: December 2020

Irrigation channels plays particular importance role to provide water for irrigated areas. In recent years, the irrigation channels of Central Asia have been negatively affected by deformation phenomena. As a result, their hydraulic parameters changed and their throughput decreased. The results of recent studies in the field of the phenomena of deformations in open and in the planning of irrigation channels show that a lot of work has been completed. Ensuring the static and dynamic stability of the channels, increasing the efficiency of the channels currently require to cover the channels with concrete cladding. A high cost of covering the channels with concrete cladding brings reveals the problems in these works. The best solution is to reduce concrete consumption. The article proposes a method for projecting a concrete channel from the condition of a hydraulically most advantageous section. According to the proposed method, the consumption of concrete mixture is reduced by 36% and increased the dynamic stability of the channel (when assessing the nanotransport ability of the channel) is increased by 26%. The rehabilitee of research results are confirmed by the formulas used in practice.
Dynamic behavior of structurally inhomogeneous multiply connected shell structures considering their viscoelastic properties
Authors: Salimov Sh M , Mavlanov T
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the statement and methods for solving dynamic problems of multiply connected structurally inhomogeneous shell structures, which make it possible to reduce the problem of calculating a wide class of engineering structures to computer-aided design tasks. On the basis of numerical experiments and multi-parameter analysis of the system as a whole, a number of fundamentally important applied problems have been solved for calculating the dynamic characteristics of oscillations (frequencies, modes, determinant resonant amplitudes and damping coefficients) of special structures depending on the parameters of structural inhomogeneity.

The results obtained made it possible to identify some mechanical effects of theoretical and practical importance. The developed methods and algorithms allow, at the stage of inhomogeneous systems design, combining inhomogeneous materials and connections with various rheological properties, to establish the ranges of parameter values for numerical-experimental search of the most rational (in terms of efficiency) dissipative properties and material consumption of engineering structures. It was established that an account for nonlinear strain in the material does not strongly distort the picture of linearly viscoelastic calculation.
The Mathematical Model of Transverse Vibrations of the Three-Layer Plate
Authors: Khudoynazarov Kh , Yaxshiboyev Sh R
Published: December 2020

The article in a flat setting investigated the antisymmetric oscillations of a three-layer plate, which is infinite in plan. It is believed that the plate is not symmetrical in thickness. Based on the exact solutions of the equations of the linear theory of elasticity in transformations, a theory of unsteady transverse vibrations of a three-layer plate is developed. The oscillation equations are derived with respect to two auxiliary functions, which are the main parts of the longitudinal and transverse displacements of the points of some “intermediate” surface of the middle layer. The distance of this surface to the coordinate plane of the plate is arbitrary. All components of the stress tensors and displacement vectors at the points of the layers are expressed, like the vibration equations, through the introduced auxiliary functions. The problem of harmonic antisymmetric vibrations of an elastic three-layer plate is solved.
Theoretical study of shock-aerating activator for dry enrichment of constructional materials
Authors: Kravchenko I N , Fyodorov A O , Kuznetsov Yu A , Goncharenko V V , Abdumuminova D T , Yuldashev Sh U
Published: December 2020

For construction in areas remote from the main raw material industrial bases, reconstruction of destroyed objects and infrastructure, roads, especially in mountainous earthquake-prone areas as part of concretes it is advisable to use enriched local natural materials and recycled materials. The most effective method of enrichment is activation of materials by fine grinding. To implement the technology, a new development of small-sized compact activation equipment is proposed, which allows achieving guaranteed strength of concrete while reducing construction time and saving costs for imported materials.
Theoretical bases of hydraulic mixture in round cylindrical pipelines
Authors: Rakhimov K , Ahmedkhodjaeva  , Xoshimov S
Published: December 2020

Hydro transport is characterized by the combined movement of liquid and solid particles, which in a mixture form two-phase or multiphase flows with different physical and mechanical properties. One of the main tasks of hydraulic transport is to study the throughput of pipelines, where taking into account the distribution of sediment concentration over the cross section of the pipeline formed under the influence of gravitational force is of great importance in describing the nature of the two-phase flow. Pressure-bearing suspended flows in hydro transport systems are usually characterized by high volumetric concentrations and a wide range of sizes and densities of solid particles that are part of hydraulic mixtures. The flows under consideration are more complex in their structure than turbulent flows of homogeneous liquids in pipes. Therefore, the methods for calculating these flows are much more complicated than the usual methods of hydraulics of pressure flows of homogeneous liquids. To develop scientif-ically based methods for calculating the parameters of the movement of hydraulic mixtures in pipes, widely used the averaged equations of the weighted flow and experimental data. When moving slurries through pipes, gravity plays a significant role. The article discusses the influence of gravity on the throughput of pressure systems with different slopes and obtains new dependences of the flow rate of turbid flow on the slope of the pressure pipe.
Simulation of the form of contact curves rolls in two-roll modules
Authors: Khurramov Sh R
Published: December 2020

This article presents the results of the study of roll contact curves in two-roll modules. The shapes of the contact curves of the rolls in the generalized two-roll module are modeled in the case when the nature of the deformation of the contacting bodies is described by empirical formulas. It was revealed that the previously obtained mathematical models, considering the ratio of deformation of contacting bodies to be equal to the ratio of their deformation rates, describe a particular case of interaction in a two-roll module. Expressions are found that determine the ratio of the deformation rates in a two-roll module, which make it possible to determine the shape of the roll contact curves.
Fungal diseases in pistachio trees caused by cylindrosporium concentricum pathogen: A case study of Uzbekistan
Authors: Nazarova O J , Khujaev O T
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the fungal infections of pistachios and the results of the fight against them. On a yearly basis, pistachio diseases have a significant impact on yields. Three drugs were utilized in the research. All of them are drugs recommended for use in agriculture. The drugs were used in the recommended doses and the results were shown. As a result of this research, a large part of the pistachio crop can be preserved. It is also recommended to produce a drug that has shown good results against the disease.
The influence of mineral fertilizers on the raw materials and yield of seedling of the Calendula officinalus L
Authors: Ruzmetov U , Mukhsimov N , Ulugova S
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers when growing Calendula officinalis L. At the same time, the optimal ratio of nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium - was revealed. the use of different consumption rates of mineral fertilizers used in the experiments, it was proved that in spring and autumn the yield of Calendula officinalis seeds increased by 1.7-1.8 times in comparison with the control. The sufficient use of mineral fertilizers leads to an increase in their efficiency of plant development.
Propagation of fungi in the soils: A case study of scientific experimental fields of forestry of Tashkent region
Authors: Khidirov S Yu , Gulmurodov R , Mamiev M S , Yuldosheva D
Published: December 2020

The sphere of forestry in our republic is developing in the current years. For the purpose of landscaping the territory of our country, reproduction and cultivation of virginia firs, abina firs, pine species, cypress trees, eastern biota, western camel, spruce and other deciduous trees from coniferous trees is widely established. These ornamental trees differ from other ornamental trees and shrubs in their heat–cold, drought resistance. Different landscapes and forest trees are initially planted in germination plants and seedlings from their seeds. In Uzbekistan, diseases of decorative and forest trees, especially their diseases in the germination period, have almost not been studied. The fact that many different diseases are encountered in landscape trees in recent years is known from different sources. The article provides information on the influence of the seasons on the spread of fungi that have appeared on the soil of some plantations and seedlings in Tashkent region.
Technological working process of the centrifugal pneumatic apparatus for spraying mineral fertilizers and their mixtures
Authors: Khudayarov B , Mambetsheripova A , Sarimsakov B
Published: December 2020

The object of research is the process of centrifugal disk pneumomechanical apparatus for smooth application of mineral fertilizers and their mixtures on the field surface. When mineral fertilizers or their mixtures are sown in the field, the process of separation of grains into fractions is observed. This process takes place after they are thrown from the apparatus, that is, in space motion. This means that the quality control of mineral fertilizers is a factor independent of the technological process of the centrifugal disk apparatus. A pneumatic-mechanical hardware scheme was developed using the method of analysis of technological processes of centrifugal devices in existing and patent information materials and the combination of structural elements for high-quality spraying of fertilizer mixtures in them. The pneumomechanical apparatus consists of a horizontal disc with a diameter of 600 mm, 4 logarithmic coil-shaped blades on the disc, and 4 additional air-generating devices under each disc under the disc. The centrifugal pneumomechanical device has two functions at the same time, the first is to spray mineral fertilizers, and the second is to create an additional air flow and direct it behind the discarded fertilizer grains, which ensures even spraying of component fertilizers of different sizes, shapes and densities.
Study of the influence of the guiding device on increasing the efficiency of fiber cleaning
Authors: Egamberdiev F O , Jumaniyazov K J , Abbazov I Z
Published: December 2020

In this article, the techniques and technologies established in the process of cleaning cotton and fiber are based on the fact that in the republic the cotton harvest is carried out mainly by hand. In order to preserve the natural quality of the cotton harvested in cotton pickers, it is necessary to improve the equipment for cleaning the fibers. The fiber refining process is one of the most important final processes in the cotton processing process, given that the quality of the fiber largely depends on the efficiency of this process. The article analyzes the scientific work on the mechanization of the type of collection and increasing the efficiency of its cleaning. In order to increase the efficiency of machine cotton picking, information is given on the need to improve the equipment for cleaning fibers used in cotton ginning enterprises. The research is based on the need to replace a specially designed device that guides the fiber to the desired tooth of the first saw cylinder located in a dual drum fiber cleaning equipment. It turned out that the new structural device can be installed on the existing equipment for cleaning fibers of JSC “Zarbdor pakhta tozalash” in the Jizzakh region and can produce from 18.2 to 127.4 kg of fiber from cotton of the first and fourth grades. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were given for widespread introduction of cotton into the production of cotton by installing a special guiding device on the equipment for cleaning fibers installed at primary processing enterprises.
Study of the electrical resistance of the components of healthy cotton seeds and those infected with gummosis
Authors: Mukhammadiev A , Denmukhammadiev A , Pardaev A , Abdirakhmonov I
Published: December 2020

The article provides data on the impact of high-voltage current of electric spark discharges on the culture of gummosis located on the surface of a cotton seed, special electrodes were made to determine electrical resistance, a method for conducting research experiments was developed, the liquid was from the outside of the peel, an electronic megohmmeter was used for measurement, for conducting experiments have drawn up a block diagram of the research methodology. The analysis of the works shows the absence of any data on the electrophysical parameters of the moistened pubescent seeds before sowing. Therefore, the study of the electrophysical characteristics of sown moistened pubescent cotton seeds is of scientific and practical importance for substantiating the operating parameters of electric spark treatment. Before sowing, pubescent cotton seeds are sorted (low-quality seeds are separated up to 10-15%), then moistened. The morphology and the mechanism of wetting cotton seeds are reflected in the analyzed works, and in the sectional view of the cotton seed. In the process of moistening, the main site of moisture absorption at the initial stage of moistening after backfilling is chalaza. Together with moisture, oxygen also enters the crumpled cotyledons, after which the root makes its way through the micropile. The peel protects the seed core from excessive oxygen supply. At the same time, the skin of the seed prevents the rapid flow of moisture into the seed. An electrical circuit is presented that ensures the completeness of seed treatment. And also the materials are given regarding the “electric hardening” of the water being humidified. Preconditions have been made for the automation of the seed moistening process.
Quality of friction drive moving spindels of cotton picking machine with vertical spindel
Authors: Yusupov Sh , Shoumarova M , Abdillayev T , Shovazov K , Xusainov B
Published: December 2020

The article provides some information on the quality of cleaning the external friction (V-belt) drive, which drives the spindles of the vertical spindle of cotton picking machine, produced in the Tashkent Agricultural Tractor Plant.

It is known that the main indicator for assessing the technological process of the cotton picking machine is the level of harvesting of ripe cotton. The degree of picking depends on many factors, the most important of which is that the amount of rotation velocity of the spindle around its axis, which meets the cotton ball, does not change. Factually, the degree of picking depends on the amount of absolute velocity of the spindle tooth, which acts like a double-sided blade, especially on its direction, as determined by previous fundamental research [1-4].

The absolute velocity of the tooth is the geometric sum of the working velocity of the machine in the field Vm
, the rotational velocity of the spindle drum Vb
and the rotational velocity Vsh
given by the rotation of the spindle around its axis. It is explained that since the motor of a machine used in the field is always running at rated velocity, the values of Vm
and Vb
remain constant, but for various reasons, the angular velocity of the spindle, i.e. the rotational velocity of the tooth, remains the same as the constructor fixed. If the velocity of a single Vsh
changes, the absolute velocity of the tooth will change, and in some cases it will not be possible that the tooth cannot grind cotton. In a horizontal-spindle cotton picking machine, the “rigid” drive, which transmits motion to the spindles, ensures that the angular velocity of the spindle in the spinning zone is always within the limits set by the constructer. Therefore, its picking rate does not change. The disadvantages of the vertical spindle device are that the Tashkent Agricultural Tractor Plant does not pay attention to the fact that its parameters do not meet the technical requirements in the production of the above-mentioned friction drive for the spindle. For example, the tension of the three piston belts in a friction drive is not controlled in the assembly shop. Due to the fact that the tension of the belts is not the same, the pressure exerted by the belts on the spindle roller, and therefore the frictional forces that rotate the spindle, will be different. When the spindle tooth is stuck to the cotton ball and the resistance to rotation is increased, the angular velocity of the spindle decreases and the direction of the absolute velocity of the tooth becomes uncomfortable.

The article examines the tension of the outer straps of the friction drive in 28 new devices assembled at the plant and presents the results of the analysis.
Common carp maturation and fecundity and reproduction optimization in Uzbekistan
Authors: Kamilov B G , Yuldashov M A , Soatov U R , Toshova N
Published: December 2020

Reproductive biology of cultured common carp in Uzbekistan was studied. The ages, total lengths of the samples studied ranged 1-5 years, 5.0 - 87.0 cm in standard length. In spring, 1-year-old fish (8.0-25.0) cm had gonads at stage I; 2-years-old females (18.0 – 33.0 cm) had gonads at stage I (23 %) and II (77 %); 3-years-old females (25.6–47.1 cm) had ovaries at stage II (43 %) and III-IV (57 %); all 4-year-old and 5-year-old females were mature. Females mature when they reached 32 cm in standard length. Absolute fecundity varied 131–1830 thousand eggs, relative fecundity was 190.5–344.0 eggs/g of gutted fish body, real fecundity was 200.0–1300.0 thousand eggs. Average individual ripe egg size varied 1.32–1.52 mm. Positive correlation between maturation, absolute fecundity and growth was determined. For broodstock forming optimization, additional (to body size) fish characteristic should be entered to selection; fish growth could be recommended as such measure. Annual artificial selection of fishes with standard length at different ages (at least SL1 – 13 cm; SL2 - 25 cm; SL3 – 32 cm) would form broodstock which mature at 3-years-old age with real fecundity 800 – 1300 thousand eggs.
The influence of different aged Black Saxaul plants on distribution, growth and accumulation of aboveground phytomass of Poa Bulboza L.
Authors: Ubaydullayev Sh , Shamsutdinov N , Yoziyev L , Kurbanov A , Yuldashev Sh. , Hakimova M
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and degree of influence of different-aged plants of Black Saxaul on Bulbous Bluegrass - one of the dominant species of sagebrush-ephemeral pastures. The study was conducted using phytometer method in the conditions of the desert zone of Uzbekistan on the ephemeroid-wormwood-black saxaul phytocenosis, formed as a result of self-seeding on inter-band spaces of pasture-protective Black Saxaul plantations. It is established that the character of the phytogenic influence of Saxaul on Bluegrass can be characterized as ambiguous conjugacy: in the minimal phytogenic field, the character of this influence is negative and therefore is gradually replaced, as a result of which the number of this species-phytometer significantly decreases, there are zones where bluegrass is absent. Growing specimens are stunted and poorly developed, so they accumulate insignificant aboveground phytomass. The character of the influence of Saxaul in the outer part of the phytogenic field on bluegrass was positive. Therefore, it is numerous here, grows better and accumulates 1,5-3 times more aboveground phytomass than outside the phytogenic field (control). Within the phytogenic field of Black Saxaul for Bluegrass Bulbous most “environmentally comfortable place” is the border of the internal and external parts of this field. In this part of the phytogenic field, due to its ecological and biological properties, the number of phytometer species reaches the highest value; they grow rapidly and accumulate the largest aboveground phytomass. The degree of influence depends on the age status of the Black Saxaul.The highest degree of influence on the abundance, growth and formation of over ground phytomass of Bluegrass Bulbous is observed in the phytogenic field of middle-aged species-edificators: the minimum field increases and reaches its maximum in the area where Bluegrass Bulbous is completely displaced, and on the border of internal and external parts and in the outer part opposed to a phytogenic one field due to the positive influence of species-edificators of the number of phytometra increases sharply, the values of the linear growth of shoots and accumulation of aboveground biomass reach the highest values. The smallest phytogenic effect of the edifier species on the phytometer species is observed in the phytogenic field of virginal plants of the black saxaul. The phytogenic effect on bluegrass is distributed in virginal individuals of the active species outside the crown at a distance of 90 cm, in young generative - by 120 cm and in middle-aged generative - by 150 cm and even 180 cm. When further removed, the distribution, growth and formation of aboveground phytomass of the phytometer species does not depend on the edifier species.
Seasonal variation of heavy metals in surface water of the Ananea river contaminated by artisanal mining, Peru
Authors: Pari-Huaquisto D C , Alfaro-Alejo R , Pilares-Hualpa I , Belizario G
Published: December 2020

The objective of this research work is to evaluate the effects of mining tailings leak on the water quality of the Ananea river, which contain heavy metals. For which techniques such as taking surface water samples were applied at five strategic points, programming two sampling campaigns; one in the rainy season (March) and the other in the dry season (June). Heavy metal concentrations were determined by the EPA METHOD 200.7 Atomic Emission Spectrometry method; The results show that the highest concentrations were recorded at the M-1 sampling point for both the dry season and the rainy season. These concentrations are well above the peruvian Environmental Quality Standards (WQS) for water. In the same way, point M-1 was identified as the most critical and vulnerable to contamination in the study area by heavy metals that are above WQS. Likewise, the survey technique was applied, for which a question sheet was prepared for the surrounding population according to the activities carried out in this part of the basin, obtaining data to determine the effects caused by mining pollution on the surrounding life. In conclusion, the quality of the waters of the Ananea River are contaminated by the presence of heavy metals and these have been causing negative effects to all the surrounding life found in the study area.
Serial co-expression analysis of host factors from SARS-CoV viruses highly converges with former high-throughput screenings and proposes key regulators
Authors: Pérez-Pulido Antonio J , Asencio-Cortés Gualberto , Brokate-Llanos Ana M , Brea-Calvo Gloria , Rodríguez-Griñolo Rosario , Garzón Andrés , Muñoz Manuel J
Published: December 2020

The current genomics era is bringing an unprecedented growth in the amount of gene expression data, only comparable to the exponential growth of sequences in databases during the last decades. This data allow the design of secondary analyses that take advantage of this information to create new knowledge. One of these feasible analyses is the evaluation of the expression level for a gene through a series of different conditions or cell types. Based on this idea, we have developed Automatic and Serial Analysis of CO-expression, which performs expression profiles for a given gene along hundreds of heterogeneous and normalized transcriptomics experiments and discover other genes that show either a similar or an inverse behavior. It might help to discover co-regulated genes, and common transcriptional regulators in any biological model. The present severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is an opportunity to test this novel approach due to the wealth of data that are being generated, which could be used for validating results. Thus, we have identified 35 host factors in the literature putatively involved in the infectious cycle of SARS-CoV viruses and searched for genes tightly co-expressed with them. We have found 1899 co-expressed genes whose assigned functions are strongly related to viral cycles. Moreover, this set of genes heavily overlaps with those identified by former laboratory high-throughput screenings (with P-value near 0). Our results reveal a series of common regulators, involved in immune and inflammatory responses that might be key virus targets to induce the coordinated expression of SARS-CoV-2 host factors.
Data science in unveiling COVID-19 pathogenesis and diagnosis: evolutionary origin to drug repurposing
Authors: Kumar Das Jayanta , Tradigo Giuseppe , Veltri Pierangelo , H Guzzi Pietro , Roy Swarup
Published: December 2020

Motivation

The outbreak of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19) in Wuhan has attracted worldwide attention. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe inflammation, which can be fatal. Consequently, there has been a massive and rapid growth in research aimed at throwing light on the mechanisms of infection and the progression of the disease. With regard to this data science is playing a pivotal role in in silico analysis to gain insights into SARS-CoV-2 and the outbreak of COVID-19 in order to forecast, diagnose and come up with a drug to tackle the virus. The availability of large multiomics, radiological, bio-molecular and medical datasets requires the development of novel exploratory and predictive models, or the customisation of existing ones in order to fit the current problem. The high number of approaches generates the need for surveys to guide data scientists and medical practitioners in selecting the right tools to manage their clinical data.

Results

Focusing on data science methodologies, we conduct a detailed study on the state-of-the-art of works tackling the current pandemic scenario. We consider various current COVID-19 data analytic domains such as phylogenetic analysis, SARS-CoV-2 genome identification, protein structure prediction, host–viral protein interactomics, clinical imaging, epidemiological research and drug discovery. We highlight data types and instances, their generation pipelines and the data science models currently in use. The current study should give a detailed sketch of the road map towards handling COVID-19 like situations by leveraging data science experts in choosing the right tools. We also summarise our review focusing on prime challenges and possible future research directions.

Contact

hguzzi@unicz.it, sroy01@cus.ac.in