bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zamonaviy STEAM ta’limiga asoslangan muhandislik ta’limi rivojlanishining dunyoviy koʻrinishlari
Authors: Turdiyev Sh.
Published: April 2022

Zamonaviy STEAM ta’limiga asoslangan yondashuv funda-mental va amaliy bilimlar, zamonaviy texnologiyalarning kombinatsiyalari va, eng asosiysi, ulardan amaliy maqsadlarda samarali foydalanish yangi kasblarning paydo bo‘lishiga va muhandis innovatsion faoliyatining asosiy mezoniga aylan-moqda. Buning natijasi sifatida muhandislik ta’limiga yangi yondashuv shakllanmoqda, maqolada ana shular haqida fikr yuritilgan.
History of Neurology: Parkinson’s Disease Before James Parkinson
Authors:   The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, Larner Andrew
Published: April 2022

Every neurologist knows that James Parkinson (1755-1824) published An Essay on the Shaking Palsy in 1817. In this work, Parkinson described six personally observed cases, although three were only seen in passing, what Professor Andrew Lees has evocatively termed “street watch methodology”, an experience which may be familiar to many neurologists even today. The eponym of Parkinson’s disease was promoted later in the nineteenth century (1877) by Jean-Martin Charcot [1]. A question long asked is whether Parkinson was describing a new disease in 1817, or whether he was simply the first to crystallise the clinical gestalt which we now recognise as “Parkinson’s disease” (PD).
AS ROTINAS DE ACONSELHAMENTO DO MINISTRO CRISTAO E A TERAPIA COGNITIVO-COMPORTAMENTAL
Authors: Brandão Francisco das Chagas Barbosa
Published: April 2022

Os Lideres Cristãos, geralmente possuem rotinas de aconselhamento pastoral em suas organizações religiosas. A terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC ) é destinada a identificar exemplos de bons  pensamento e ajudar as pessoas a desenvolver hábitos mais saudáveis . Em Cristologia.  O corpo humano é uma criação perfeita de Deus e a saúde mental é uma maneira de se comunicar com O próprio Deus. Dr Aaron Beck foi  o fundador da  Terapia do Comportamento Cognitivo(TCC)  e nela  podemos encontrar  as respostas ideais para  que o povo cristão venha a ter  uma  boa saúde mental. O Dr. Dubot *, que é uma das  maiores autoridades em saúde mental do Canadá, apresenta alguns elementos, da Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental,  aqui chamados fatores .Estes fatores são  de utilidade impar no processo de aconselhamento pastoral. Os terapeutas cognitivos tem proposto muitas técnicas para combater as distorções de comportamento dos pacientes e muitas distorções, que são fatores determinantes na condução da saúde mental são  identificados e prontamente  proposto sua recuperação através das técnicas de intervenção . o primeiro fator  listado pelo Dr. Dubot foi:   será raciocínio emocional ,   O segundo fator  a ser considerado foi   “leitura da mente ou processo de adivinhação". o terceiro fator  a ser considerado foi:  "generalização " o quarto  fator  a ser considerado foi: personalização e rejeição  ,  e finalmente  o quinto   fator  a ser considerado foi a    polarização.
FARMACOTERAPIA APLICADA ÀS REAÇÕES IMUNOLÓGICAS DA HANSENÍASE
Authors: Da Silva Poliana Alves , Peres Julia Garcia , Freitas Iasmin Kelly Echer Vieira , Lúcio Marcela Fernandes , Fernando Susanna Cristina de Carvalho , Leite Cleber Queiroz , De Brito Nicolas Pereira , Fernandes Maria Clara Oliveira , De Melo Lucas Souza , Vieira Gislaine dos Santos Rodrigues , Alovisi Caroline de Souza , Dos Santos Brian França , Dos Santos Mariana Bezerra
Published: April 2022

A hanseníase é uma patologia infecciosa crônica, causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, ou bacilo de Hansen, ao qual é uma bactéria gram-positiva resistente e que pode infectar os nervos periféricos. Sendo assim, a hanseníase é considerada uma doença com um alto poder infeccioso e baixo nível patogênico, e por isso, associada a 95% de imunidade na maioria das populações de ocorrência. Nesse contexto, o modelo mais eficaz a ser adotado para o controle da hanseníase baseia-se na complementariedade das ações; com início no diagnóstico precoce, tratamento especializado e contínuo dos casos diagnosticados, prevenção de incapacidades, vigilância aos contatos domiciliares do paciente, até a alta por cura. Contudo, alguns pacientes podem apresentar reação hansênica tipo 1, reação essa que ocorre frequentemente logo após o início do tratamento, apresentando reações inflamatória granulomatosa e necrose tecidual concomitante ao possível comprometimento neurológico sintomático. Em contrapartida alguns pacientes podem apresentar a reação hansênica tipo 2, reação essa que ocorre geralmente durante e após o tratamento e é determinado pela manifestação de nódulos na pele de aparecimento súbito. Assim, o tratamento da hanseníase é poliquimioterápico, ambulatorial e utiliza esquemas terapêuticos padronizados, preconizados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Valendo lembrar que a hanseníase é uma doença curável, controlável e de tratamento gratuito.
A Review on Voice Assistants in Our Daily Life
Authors: Adithi  , Adith P Kotian  , Afran Sayyed Karim  , Abubakkar Siddiq
Published: April 2022

A voice assistants is a computerized right hand that utilizations voice acknowledgment, language handling calculations and voice blend to pay attention to explicit voice orders and return significant data or fill explicit roles as expected by the client. Lately Artificial Intelligence(AI) has shown critical advancement and its true capacity is growing.AI has turned into an impression in this day and age. Individuals of this world has accepted AI as their piece of life, and it is filling quickly in the present period. One of the utilization of AI is Natural Language Processing(NLP).Voice aides join AI by utilizing distributed computing and can speak with client in Natural language. This paper assists with concentrating on the job of voice assistants and furthermore to concentrate on how they are valuable in everyday life.
Neuralink and Brain Control Machine
Authors: Mr. Venkatesh  , Kavya  , Keerthi R  , Ikshu B  , Inchara T Badarish
Published: April 2022

Neuralink is the technology which mainly works on brain controlling machines. Neuralink was introduces by Elon Musk in the year of 2016. Musk had a plan to develop an technology which has high Brain Computer Interface (BCI) and Brain Machine Interface (BMI) have now considered as the medical prosthetics then merging with Artificial Intelligence(AI). The neuralink was first experimented on pigs and yet the research is going on to test it on the monkeys before testing on the humans. Recently BMI has got the recognition in medical applications such as treating people with spinal cord injury, BMI letting bed ridden people to operate their computers by moving mouse cursor using their brain. BMI had huge impact on mind reading technology, controlling basic behaviors of human brain and also detecting human emotions. This project has both advantages and disadvantages based on its applications.
Technical Note: Methodology Development to Study Two-Dimensional Stainless Steel Pitting Corrosion Mechanisms Using Foil Samples
Authors: Vanegas Mayra , Wang Ke , Iannuzzi Mariano
Published: April 2022

In this Technical Note, four foil sample preparation methodologies were investigated with “sandwich” like foil electrodes, which enabled the visualization of two-dimensional pit morphologies. The new procedure included the use of nitric acid to prepassivate the foil as the first step; polishing the top layer of the side edges of the foil after the foil was sandwiched in between two glass slides; and immersing the corners in nitric acid before experiments. This new foil sample preparation methodology eliminated pitting artifacts at the corners of the foil samples and provided reliable and reproducible experimental results.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE METABÓLITOS SECUNDÁRIOS DE FRAÇÕES DA POINCIANELLA PYRAMIDALIS
Authors: Moura Luís Gustavo Guimarães , Moraes Sabrina Zelice Da Cruz De , Estevam Charles Dos Santos , Shan Andrea Yu Kwan Villar , Santos Amanda Silva
Published: April 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: Metabolismo é o conjunto de reações químicas a nível celular com finalidade de degradar ou sintetizar substâncias, o metabolismo primário é responsável pelo fornecimento de energia e síntese de metabólitos essenciais aos seres vivos. Os vegetais apresentam, também, um metabolismo secundário capaz de produzir substâncias especializadas que não são vitais ao organismo, contudo, são úteis para proteção e reprodução das plantas, são representados dos 3 grandes grupos, terpenos, compostos fenólicos e alcaloides. A Poincianella pyramidalis, apresenta grandes quantidades de compostos fenólicos, sabe-se que esses estão associados a atividades farmacológicas importantes. Em estudos anteriores, identificou-se grupos de fenólicos derivados de ácido gálico e elágico, bem como importantes biflavonoides em suas partes. A literatura descreve uma correlação positiva entre o conteúdo fenólico total de uma de amostra sua atividade antioxidante. OBJETIVOS: Com isso o objetivo do trabalho foi quantificar o teor de fenóis, flavonoides e flavonóis do extrato bruto (BR) e nas frações clorofórmica (FCL), acetato de etila (FAE), hexânica (FHX) da entrecasca da P.pyramidalis (FCLpp). METODOLOGIA: O BR foi obtido por maceração a frio com etanol a 90% e fracionado com os solventes respectivos em ordem decrescente de polaridade e concentrados em rotavapor. As quantificações dos metabólitos foi realizada por interpolação da média das curvas calibração dos seus respectivos padrões. Ácido gálico para o teor de fenóis totais com curva de calibração (y= 0,1278x – 0,0256, r2=0,9991), quercetina para flavonoides (y=0,061x- 0,0161, r2=0,9994) e rutina para flavonóis totais (y= 0,1503x – 0,0245, r2= 0,9991) os resultados foram expressos em miligrama de equivalentes do padrão por grama de extrato ± Desvio padrão. RESULTADOS: O teor de fenóis para FHX foi 43,20 ± 1,48; FAE 494,47 ± 7,04; FCL 195,07± 2,15; BR 189,85 ± 1,76 em mgEAG.g-1. O teor de flavonoides para FHX 29,89 ± 0,98; FAE 21,23 ± 0,20; FCL 54,68 ± 0,095; BR 4,73 ± 0,25 em mgEQ.g-1. O teor de flavonóis para FHX 27,46 ± 0,34; FAE 15,24 ± 0,91; FCL 13,08 ± 0,28; BR 1,99 ± 0,038 em mgER.g-1.CONCLUSÃO: O nível de polaridade dos solventes possibilitou carrear diferentes classes de metabólitos, A FAE foi mais eficiente para carrear os Fenóis, a FCL para os flavonoides e HX para flavonóis.
A BIOTECNOLOGIA APLICADA NA PRODUÇÃO DE UVAS SEM SEMENTES NO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Almeida Vanessa Gomes Amaral , Silva Willams Alves Da , Bandeira Mary Anne Medeiros , Mousinho Kristiana Cerqueira
Published: April 2022

Introdução: A produção de uvas sem sementes no Brasil mudou nas últimas duas décadas, levando ao aumento do consumo no mercado interno, consolidando a posição da cultura como a principal fruta de exportação do país. Um dos principais desafios técnicos na produção desta casta sem sementes é a adaptação às condições climatéricas do país, a evolução destas produções reúne uma série de características agronómicas superiores, tais como rendimentos elevados de ambas as culturas e estabilidade a cada ano, os gomos, cachos e bagas são de alta fertilidade, de tamanho adequado, textura firme e crocante, e o teor de açúcar é bem equilibrado com acidez e sabor agradáveis. Objetivo: Desta forma, o presente estudo tem por objetivo, avaliar de 3 variedades de nutrição sem sementes em relação às plantas de cinco ciclos produtivos, bem como características dos frutos, a fim de selecionar as variedades mais cultivadas às plantas condições subtropicais. Material e Métodos: As bases de dados utilizadas foram: Scielo, Center for Biotechnology Information/U.S, Medline, Lilacs e Pubmed. Como delimitador foi estabelecido uma seleção de artigos no período de 2006 a 2020, publicados em português, inglês e espanhol. Os resultados apontam que, a biotecnologia é um dos importantes campos científicos que promove grandes e decisivos avanços na agricultura mundial. Vários exemplos de aplicações de processos bem-sucedidos em biotecnologia agrícola nos últimos 30 anos são melhoramento genético, micropropagação, inoculantes que podem ser usados ​​para fixação de nitrogênio, simbiose micorrízica, organismos geneticamente modificados, etc. Conclusão: Atualmente, mais de 20 variedades de uvas sem sementes são cultivadas no nordeste do Brasil, desenvolvidas pela Embrapa e empresas privadas para melhoramento genético de lavouras. A diversificação de variedades traz novos desafios técnicos ao setor produtivo, que estão relacionados ao desenvolvimento de sistemas de produção para maximizar a produtividade e a qualidade de cada variedade. Portanto, os programas de melhoramento de uvas sem sementes devem atender à grande demanda do setor produtivo para a introdução de novas variedades de uvas.
VANTAGENS DO USO DO MÉTODO PCR EM TEMPO REAL PARA DIAGNÓSTICO DE INFECÇÃO POR COVID-19
Authors: Alves Richard Tarcísio De Lima , Vasconcos Natália Ravenna Dantas , Vasconcelos Beatriz Lopes De
Published: April 2022

Introdução: O COVID-19 causou uma pandemia que se tornou, neste século, um dos principais desafios enfrentados por toda a humanidade. Os impactos estão presentes em vários setores da sociedade, como economia, educação e saúde. Em todo o mundo foram adotadas medidas de enfrentamento ao COVID-19, como o distanciamento social, medidas para evitar aglomeração que acarretou no fechamento de estabelecimentos comerciais e centros de ensino. Diante da pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus, se tornou necessário a adotação de exames que oferecessem diagnósticos rápidos, dessa forma o método PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase) em tempo real foi adotado como uma das principais técnicas para identificar infecção pelo Covid. Objetivo: Dada a importância da temática, objetivou-se realizar um estudo de revisão narrativa acerca das vantagens do uso do método de PCR em tempo real na pandemia de COVID-19. Material e métodos: Para tal, foram usados estudos indexados as plataformas de dados Google Acadêmico, PubMed e Scielo, bem como em sites especializados. A busca dos artigos nas plataformas supracitadas foi realizada usando os seguintes stringes de busca: "vantagens", "PCR em tempo real", "pandemia de COVID-19". Com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: trabalhos completos, escritos na lingua portuguesa ou inglesa, entre o recorte de 2020 a 2022. Resultados: Através do material selecionado foi possível identificar que a técnica PCR em tempo real possui diversas vantagens para ser usada como método de diagnóstico da infecção por coronavirus. Destacam-se: rapidez do resultado do teste, a maior especificidade, o alto índice de precisão devido a elevada sensibilidade, a alta acurária e o padrão ouro. Conclusão: Concluindo que as vantagens do método são diversas, o que justifica o seu uso. Tornando a PCR em tempo real uma das principais e mais rápidas técnicas para o diagnóstico de COVID-19 no atual contexto pandêmico.
Akıllı ulaşım araçlarında siber güvenlik ve çok katmanlı güvenlik önlemi
Authors: AVCI İsa , ÖZARPA Cevat , ÖZDEMİR Muammer , KINACI Bahadır Furkan , KARA Seyit Ali
Published: April 2022

Teknolojide yaşanan hızlı gelişmelerle günümüzde kullanımı hızlı artan akıllı ulaşım araçları, artan talep ve sağladıkları kolaylıklar sebebiyle kısa zamanda dünya çapında önemli bir yere sahip olacaktır. Akıllı ve otonom ulaşım araçları alanındaki teknolojik gelişmeler söz konusu olduğunda hızlı bir ivme kazanıldığı göz ardı edilemez. Gelişmiş makine öğrenimi ve yapay zekâ tekniklerinden yararlanan yarı otonom ve otonom arabaların ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte potansiyel riskler ve siber güvenlik zorlukları artmaktadır. Dahası, akıllı ulaşım sistemlerinin ve otonom araçların konuşlandırılması için gerekli Araçtan Araca (V2V) ve Araçtan Altyapıya (V2I) ara yüzler, potansiyel saldırı yüzeyini ve saldırı vektörlerini büyük ölçüde genişlettikleri için güvenlik risklerini daha da artırmaktadır. Yapay zekâ ve yazılımla çalışan bu araçlar her ne kadar sürücü güvenliği ve konforunu artırsa da dışarıdan gelebilecek siber saldırılardan dolayı büyük ölçekte can ve mal kaybına da sebep olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, akıllı ulaşım araçları ile ilgili tehditleri ve siber güvenlik risklerini analiz etmek ve bu son derece karmaşık, heterojen ve değişken ortamın özelliklerini dikkate alarak bu riskleri ele almak için güvenlik önlemleri ortaya koymak son derece önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada akıllı ulaşım araçlarına yapılan siber güvenlik saldırıları, doğabilecek sonuçlar ve alınabilecek güvenlik önlemleri açıklanmaya ve analiz edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca bu sistemlerde kullanılan çok katmanlı savunma sistemi incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir.
Using the hierarchy of controls to improve maritime safety: Case of hot work on board ships
Authors: SÖNER Ömer , KANDEMİR Çağatay
Published: April 2022

Hot work is considered a hazardous process that causes many accidents on board ships. So, actual risks of hot work actions are assessed like any other hazardous operations in ships. Therefore, all assessed hazards can be eliminated with robust and systematic hazard identification and clustering system. In this regard, a preventive study has been undertaken in order to raise awareness of safety and health issues in hot work activities aboard ships. In the study, the hierarchy of controls is applied to identify ship-specific hazards, hazard sources, and hazardous environments in order to develop preventative control measures in a more effective way. Based on the hierarchy’s components, control measures have been developed including elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment. Therefore, it enables to implementation of feasible and effective control measures for hot work hazards onboard ships from a hierarchical perspective.
Upper stratospheric ClO and HOCl trends (2005–2020): Aura Microwave Limb Sounder and model results
Authors: Froidevaux Lucien , Kinnison Douglas E. , Santee Michelle L. , Millán Luis F. , Livesey Nathaniel J. , Read William G. , Bardeen Charles G. , Orlando John J. , Fuller Ryan A.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. We analyze Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) monthly zonal mean time series of ClO and HOCl between 50∘ S and 50∘ N to estimate upper stratospheric trends in these chlorine species from 2005 through 2020. We compare these observations to those from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (WACCM6), run under the specified dynamics configuration. The model sampling follows the MLS coverage in space and local time. We use version 5 MLS ClO zonal mean daytime profiles and similarly binned daytime ClO model profiles from 32 to 1.5 hPa. For MLS HOCl, we use the version 5 offline product derived from daily zonal mean radiances rather than averaged level-2 profiles; MLS HOCl is scientifically useful between 10 and 2 hPa, and the HOCl monthly zonal means are separated into day and night for comparison to WACCM6. We find good agreement (mostly within ∼ 10 %) between the climatological MLS ClO daytime distributions and the model ClO climatology for 2005–2020. The model HOCl climatology, however, underestimates the MLS HOCl climatology by about 30 %. This could well be caused by a combination of fairly large systematic uncertainties in both the model-assumed rate constant for the formation of HOCl and the MLS HOCl retrievals themselves. The model daytime ClO trends versus latitude and pressure agree quite well with those from MLS. MLS-derived near-global upper stratospheric daytime trends between 7 and 2 hPa are −0.73 ± 0.40 % yr−1 for ClO and −0.39 ± 0.35 % yr−1 for HOCl, with 2σ uncertainty estimates used here. The corresponding model decreases are somewhat faster than observed (although the difference is not statistically significant), with trend values of −0.85 ± 0.45 % yr−1 for ClO and −0.64 ± 0.37 % yr−1 for HOCl. Both data and model results point to a faster trend in ClO than in HOCl. The MLS ClO trends are consistent with past estimates of upper stratospheric ClO trends from satellite and ground-based microwave data. As discussed in the past, trends in other species (in particular, positive trends in CH4 and H2O) can lead to a ClO decrease that is faster than the decrease in total inorganic chlorine. Regarding trends in HOCl, positive trends in HO2 can lead to a faster rate of formation for HOCl as a function of time, which partially offsets the decreasing trend in active chlorine. The decreasing trends in upper stratospheric ClO and HOCl provide additional confirmation of the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments, which have led to the early stages of an expected long-term ozone recovery from the effects of ozone-depleting substances.
Checkerboard Patterns in E3SMv2 and E3SM-MMFv2
Authors: Hannah Walter M. , Pressel Kyle G. , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Elsaesser Gregory S.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. An unphysical checkerboard pattern is identified in E3SMv2 and E3SM-MMF that is detectable across a wide range of time scales, from instantaneous snapshots to multi-year averages. A detection method is developed to quantify characteristics of the checkerboard signal by cataloguing all possible configurations of the 8 adjacent neighbors for each cell on the model's cubed sphere grid using daily mean data. The checkerboard pattern is only found in cloud related quantities, such as precipitation and liquid water path. Instances of pure and partial checkerboard are found to occur more often in E3SMv2 and E3SM-MMF when compared to satellite data regridded to the model grid. Continuous periods of partial checkerboard state are found to be more persistent in both models compared to satellite data, with E3SM-MMF exhibiting more persistence than E3SMv2. The checkerboard signal in E3SMv2 is found to be a direct consequence of the recently added deep convective trigger condition based on dynamically generated CAPE (DCAPE). In E3SM-MMF the checkerboard signal is found to be associated with the "trapping" of cloud scale fluctuations within the embedded CRM. Solutions to remedy this issue are discussed.
Critical transitions in the hydrological system: early-warning signals and network analysis
Authors: Yang Xueli , Wang Zhi-Hua , Wang Chenghao
Published: April 2022

Abstract. One critical challenge of studying Earth's hydroclimate system, in the face of global environmental changes, is to predict whether the system approaches a critical threshold. Here, we identified the critical transitions of hydrological processes, including precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, by analyzing their early-warning signals and system-based network structures. The statistical early-warning signals are manifest in increasing trends of autocorrelation and variance in the hydrologic system ranging from regional to global scales, prior to climate shifts in the 1970s and 1990s, in agreement with observations. We further extended the conventional statistics-based measures of early-warning signals to system-based network analysis in urban areas across the contiguous United States. The topology of an urban precipitation network features hub-periphery (clustering) and modular organization, with strong intra-regional connectivity and inter-regional gateways (teleconnection). We found that several network parameters (mean correlation coefficient, density, and clustering coefficient) gradually increased prior to the critical transition in the 1990s, signifying the enhanced synchronization among urban precipitation patterns. These topological parameters can not only serve as novel system-based early-warning signals for critical transitions in hydrological processes but also shed new light on structure–dynamic interactions in the complex hydrological system.
Model Comparisons for Predicting Grassland Fire Occurrence Probability in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Chang Chang , Chang Yu , Xiong Zaiping , Ping Xiaoying , Zhang Heng , Guo Meng , Hu Yuanman
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Grassland fires threaten grassland ecosystem, human life and economic development greatly. However, there are limited researches focusing on grassland fire prediction, thereby it is necessary to find a better method to predict probability of grassland fire occurrence. Here we selected 16 environmental variables that may have impacts on fire occurrence, then built regression models of grassland fire probability based on historical fire points and variables in Inner Mongolia by three methods to identify the grassland fire drivers and to predict fire probability. The three methods were global logistic regression, geographically weighted logistic regression and random forest. The results showed that random forest model had the best predictive effect. The influence of 9 variables selected by geographically weighted logistic regression model on grassland fire was unbalanced spatially. The three models all showed that meteorological factors were of great importance to grassland fire occurrence. In Inner Mongolia, grassland fires occurred in different areas had various responses to the influencing drivers, and the areas with different natural and geographical condition had different fire prevention periods. Thus, the grassland fire management strategy based on local conditions should be advocated.
Mass evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula over the last 2 decades from a joint Bayesian inversion
Authors: Chuter Stephen J. , Zammit-Mangion Andrew , Rougier Jonathan , Dawson Geoffrey , Bamber Jonathan L.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The Antarctic Peninsula has become an increasingly important component of
the Antarctic Ice Sheet mass budget over the last 2 decades, with mass
losses generally increasing. However, due to the challenges presented by the
topography and geometry of the region, there remain large variations in mass
balance estimates from conventional approaches and in assessing the relative
contribution of individual ice sheet processes. Here, we use a regionally
optimized Bayesian hierarchical model joint inversion approach that
combines data from multiple altimetry studies (ENVISAT, ICESat, CryoSat-2
swath), gravimetry (GRACE and GRACE-FO), and localized DEM differencing
observations to solve for annual mass trends and their attribution to
individual driving processes for the period 2003–2019. This is first time
that such localized observations have been assimilated directly to estimate
mass balance as part of a wider-scale regional assessment. The region
experienced a mass imbalance rate of -19±1.1 Gt yr−1 between
2003 and 2019, predominantly driven by accelerations in ice dynamic mass
losses in the first decade and sustained thereafter. Inter-annual
variability is driven by surface processes, particularly in 2016 due to
increased precipitation driven by an extreme El Niño, which temporarily
returned the sector back to a state of positive mass balance. In the West
Palmer Land and the English Coast regions, surface processes are a greater
contributor to mass loss than ice dynamics in the early part of the 2010s.
Our results show good agreement with conventional and other combination
approaches, improving confidence in the robustness of mass trend estimates,
and in turn, understanding of the region's response to changes in external
forcing.
A Study on Relationships Between Different Udder Measurements and Milk Yield Characteristics in Awassi Sheep
Authors: KUTAN Pınar , KESKİN Mahmut
Published: April 2022

This study was carried out to determine the phenotypic corelations between different udder sizes and marketable milk yield in Awassi sheep. The animal material of the study consisted of primiparous vs multiparous sheep. Marketable milk yield and udder sizes were determined after weaning in sheep. The correlations between the examined features were calculated with the SPSS package program. At the end of the study, positive and significant (P<0.05 and P<0.01) correlations were calculated between teat length, teat circumference and udder width over the teat, and marketable milk yield. It has been evaluated that these correlations can be used in the selection of the breeding stocks.
Identificação e análise das percepções dos pais dos alunos da escola Pinóquio, em Formosa-GO
Authors: Guimaraes Junior José Carlos , Braga Francisco Carneiro , Paula Wellington Santos de , Alencar Katia Regina Araújo de , Martins Pablo Luiz , Oliveira Hellyegenes de
Published: April 2022

Em tempo em que as escolas são indagadas através de avaliações externas por parte dos diversos canais de comunicação, as atividades oferecidas não ficam de fora desse processo, sendo cobradas por uma prestação de contas sobre o serviço educativo que prestam à comunidade. Esse estudo de caso trata de uma estratégia investigativa da escola Pinóquio, localizada na cidade de Formosa-GO, que teve como objetivo a busca das percepções dos pais e/ou responsáveis pelos alunos, em escolhe essa escola para integrarem seus filhos. Para isso, foi aplicado um questionário, via Google Forms, utilizando-se essa plataforma pelo fato de estarmos em plena pandemia. Dessa forma, foi possível identificar algumas percepções que esses responsáveis para matricular seus filhos, analisando-se as variáveis que influenciam nesse processo de tomada de decisão.
ԱՐՄԱՎԻՐԻ ՄԱՐԶԻ ՋՐԱՌԱՏ ՀԱՄԱՅՆՔԻ ԳՅՈՒՂԱՏՆՏԵՍԱԿԱՆ ՆՇԱՆԱԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀՈՂԱՏԱՐԱԾՔՆԵՐԻ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ ԵՎ ԴՐԱՆՑ ԼՈՒԾՄԱՆ ՈՒՂԻՆԵՐԸ
Authors: Baghdasaryan S.K. , Eloyan A.Sh. , Daveyan S.H. , Grigoryan R.D.
Published: April 2022

Four different land plots with 8 ha total area have been explored to evaluate the physicochemical and ameliorative state of uncultivated soils in the subzones of Araks riverside. The physicochemical properties of the soil samples, chemical composition of water extract, content of water-soluble salts and available nutrients have been studied.
It is recommended to conduct physicochemical and agrochemical evaluation of the fallow soils in order to include them in the agricultural activities. Besides, ameliorants should be introduced in weakly salinized soils, greenhouse farms should be established in poor soils, while the irrigation should be implemented only through drip and sprinkling irrigation methods.
ՇՐՋԱՆԱՁԵՎ ՏՆՏԵՍՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԿԱՌՈՒՑԱԿԱՐԳԵՐԻ ԿԻՐԱՌՄԱՆ ՀՆԱՐԱՎՈՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ԱԳՐԱՐԱՅԻՆ ՈԼՈՐՏՈՒՄ
Authors: Avetisyan S.S.
Published: April 2022

In conditions of circular economy production and consumption procedures are implemented in a closed cycle, which enables to minimize the used resources and ensure zero waste industry. The introduced mechanisms are of high economic, social and environmental significance, since unlike the traditional linear economy, the wastes are turned into production resources in case of closed-loop economy.
Thus, it is more efficient to apply the mechanisms of circular economy in the agricultural sector, as they promote the increase of food security level and protection of population health.
ՁՎԻ ԻՆՔՆԱՐԺԵՔԻ ՆՎԱԶԵՑՄԱՆ ՆՊԱՏԱԿՈՎ ՆՈՐ ԼԻԱԿԵՐԱԲԱԺՆԱՅԻՆ ՀԱՄԱԿՑՎԱԾ ԿԵՐԱԽԱՌՆՈՒՐԴԻ ԿԻՐԱՌՈՒՄԸ
Authors: Ghlijyan T.A.
Published: April 2022

Optimization of a full diet feed mixture is one of the main issues of poultry farming, since the creation of forage base with balanced proteins and nutritional supplements is primary prerequisite for implementing the agri-food program.
Through the optimal solutions of economic and mathematical methods, a new full diet compound feed in compliance with poultry feeding standards, promoting egg productivity has been recommended, as well as ways for the reduction of egg prime cost has been justified and introduced.
Scanning electron microscopy investigation of loess soil stabilized with cement and natural zeolite
Authors: Tchakalova Boriana , Iliev Tzvetoslav
Published: April 2022

Zeolite and Portland cement have been used to stabilize a loess soil from the region of Kozloduy (North Bulgaria). This paper examines the microstructural behavior of cement–zeolite treated loess soil without compaction at water content higher than optimum. Scanning electron microscopy and semi-quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses on stabilized loess were carried out after various curing periods. The identification of the formation of cementitious products in treated loess soil was conducted by SEM–EDS spectral analysis. Based on the study of the microstructural development, it was found that the modified loess microstructure undergoes significant modifications during the observed period.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN MELALUI METODE BERMAIN FLASH CARD
Authors: Widiyanti Dana , Darmiyanti Astuti
Published: April 2022

Salah satu aspek perkembangan bahasa anak usia dini adalah aspek keterampilan membaca. Untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan membaca anak usia 4-5 tahun membutuhkan metode yang sesuai dengan tahapan perkembangan anak. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan adalah metode bermain flash card. Flash card adalah sebuah kartu yang memiliki dua sisi dengan manfaat sebagai alat bantu mengnal huruf, membaca dan mengingat anak. Membaca merupakan kegiatan yang sering terasa membosankan, sehingga dianggap perlu menggunakan alat bantu untuk membangkitkan minat baca anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan upaya peningkatan keterampilan membaca anak usia dini 4-5 tahun dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran flash card. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kajian pustaka, yaitu dengan mengkaji secara mendalam bahan bacaan seperti jurnal, hasil skripsi, desertasi maupun hasil penelitian yang terdahulu yang terkait dengan pokok bahasab. Hasil penelitian bahwa stimulasi yang diberikan dengan menggunakan media flash card, keterampilan membaca anak usia dini 4-5 tahun dapat berkembang dengan baik sesuai dengan tahapan perkembangan usianya.

Kata kunci : Bahasa, Membaca, Flash Card
Capital Structure and Financial Performance of Listed Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Chinedu Ezuma Smart
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the relationship between capital structure and financial performance of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria from 2013–2017. The ex post facto research design was adopted for the study with a population of ten (10) listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria as listed by the Nigerian Exchange Group in 2021. Data were retrieved from the annual reports of the selected listed pharmaceutical companies for the period 2013–2017. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data gathered with the aid of Stata12 statistical software. The study revealed a positive and significant relationship between equity capital and profit before tax of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. It also revealed the existence of a positive and significant relationship between equity capital and return on assets of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that the management of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria should pay more attention to equity capital because it is a major determinant in enhancing profit before tax, and that equity capital should be encouraged so as to boast return of assets of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria.
Big Data Streaming Platforms: A Review
Authors: Kumar Harish , Soh Ping Jack , Ismail Mohd Arfian
Published: April 2022

Yesterday’s “Big Data” is today’s “data.” As technology advances, new difficulties and new solutions emerge. In recent years, as a result of the development of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the area of Data Mining has been confronted with the difficulty of analyzing and interpreting data streams in real time and at a high data throughput. This situation is known as the velocity element of big data. The rapid advancement of technology has come with an increased use of social media, computer networks, cloud computing, and the IoT. Experiments in the laboratory also generate a large quantity of data, which must be gathered, handled, and evaluated. This massive amount of data is referred to as “Big Data.” Analysts have seen an upsurge in data including valuable and worthless elements. In extracting usable information, data warehouses struggle to keep up with the rising volume of data collected. This article provides an overview of big data architecture and platforms, tools for data stream processing, and examples of implementations. Streaming computing is the focus of our project, which is building a data stream management system to deliver large-scale, cost-effective big data services. Owing to this study, the feasibility of large-scale data processing for distributed, real-time computing is improved even when the systems are overwhelmed.
Patterns in Cheatgrass Abundance in Foothills Grasslands in Montana
Authors: Ozeran Rebecca , Carr Craig
Published: April 2022

Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) is an invasive, exotic annual grass that exerts substantial negative ecological and economic influence in many of the ecosystems it invades. Cheatgrass has been extensively studied in the Great Basin region of North America where most precipitation comes in winter and early spring and the vegetation consists primarily of cool-season species and cespitose graminoid growth forms. However, much less research has been performed in the northern Great Plains region where precipitation comes primarily in spring and summer, supporting a mixture of cool and warm season plant species and both sod-forming and cespitose graminoid growth forms. In order to better understand cheatgrass ecology in the northern Great Plains region, we modeled cheatgrass abundance in relation to disturbance, vegetation, and site characteristics in two grassland locations in Montana. Multimodel inferences based on large generalized linear mixed-effects regression were used to identify variables important in predicting cheatgrass abundance. Our results suggest that cheatgrass appears to favor droughty site conditions associated with either coarser soil textures, shallower soils, or south-facing aspects. However, cheatgrass can exhibit extremely high abundances on more productive sites if disturbance creates an opportunity for invasion. Across all sites, it appears that soil disturbance can generate increased cheatgrass abundance and land management that promotes robust and vigorous vegetation and maximizes spatial and temporal niche occupancy should be encouraged to limit cheatgrass invasion and expansion.
Optimization of Local Potential Towards Nature And Culture-Based Tourism Village (Study on Charcoal Kitchens and Mangrove Forests in Kuala Sempang Village, Bintan Regency)
Authors: Muhammad Adji Suradji , Swastiwi Anastasia Wiwik , Suswaini Eka
Published: April 2022

Charcoal kitchens in Kuala Sempang Village, Seri Kuala Lobam District, Bintan Regency serve as media for charcoal production. Historically, charcoal was used to fuel cooking, ironing, and other household tasks. Mangrove trees are used as a raw material in the manufacture of charcoal. Mangrove trees are the primary source of charcoal because of their high density, which makes them more durable than other trees. Economically, charcoal production can boost the economy and human welfare. On the other hand, the production of charcoal affects environmental degradation. Several locations where charcoal is produced are called “charcoal kitchens.” Charcoal kitchens in several locations are no longer manufactured, rendering them obsolete. The charcoal kitchen is unique in its shape and even represents a technological advance for its time. Therefore, it is regrettable if the structure that bears witness to past technological advancement is abandoned and fails to benefit current and future generations. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative method with a rationalistic approach. This method is based on a holistic approach, which examines a general concept through the lens of a specific object and then incorporates the findings into the general concept. According to this study, a concept for utilizing the remaining charcoal kitchen structures and protecting mangrove forests through culture and nature-based tourism villages is required. The government’s development of facilities, as well as intensive promotion, are required. Additionally, community empowerment is essential to sustainably manage the remaining charcoal kitchen structures and mangrove forests.
Effect of smoking on differential white cell count and hemoglobin level in healthy smokers and controls: A comparative study
Authors: Mudassar Sahar , Ali Mudassar , Habib Bilal , Bashi Farukh , Ahmed Shoaib , Mubeen Amna , Shaukat Amal
Published: April 2022

Background: Cigarette smoking alters inflammation indicators, which has been linked to cardiovascular disease as well as inflammatory disorders. The toxicity of tobacco has an effect on the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin. Total and differential leukocyte count (DLC), as well as oxygen saturation of haemoglobin, were measured in healthy smokers and nonsmokers in order to determine whether or not they were smoking. Methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study totaled 80 persons in good health. A questionnaire was utilised to gather information on smoking habits as well as anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). In order to count total and DLC cells in blood samples, the MS-9 automated haematological cell counter was employed. The fingertip pulse oximeter was used to test the oxygen saturation of the haemoglobin. Results: Compared to non-smokers, smokers had higher TLC (P <0.001), lymphocyte (P< 0.002), granulocyte (P 0.01), and monocyte counts (P 0.03) and lower SpO2 (P 0.03). Conclusion: The study concluded that smokers' TLC, DLC, and haemoglobin oxygen saturation should be evaluated during diagnosis, interpretation, and therapy. The elevated TLC and DLCs seen in this study may be linked to chronic inflammation and increased CVD risk in smokers. Quitting smoking is therefore beneficial to health. Keywords: SpO2; Oxygen Saturation of Hemoglobin; Total and Differential Leukocyte Count; Smokers
Vitamin B 12 deficiency….The predominant cause of macrocytic anemia in pediatric population visiting Children hospital Lahore
Authors: Fateen Tooba , Kashif Zertaj , Shamshad Ali Sehar , Aamer Fauzia , Ali Kanwar Sajid , Pasha Muhammad Bilal , Warriach Sonia Zafar
Published: April 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this scrutiny was to note the part played by folic acid and vitamin B 12 inadequacies resulting in macrocytic anemia in pediatric community visiting our institute. Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional study Place and duration: Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, The Children Hospital, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore from Jan 2021 to Dec 2021. Methodology: Medical data of 294 children demonstrating features of megaloblastic anemia were scrutinized. Records related to complete blood count (CBC) specially hemoglobin level, MCV, MCH, MCHC, peripheral blood findings, serum folic acid and vitamin B 12 amounts were noted from registers along with the other relevant medical presenting, past and family socioeconomic history. Results: Out of total 294 cases with CBC and peripheral blood findings of macrocytic anemia, 160 were males and 134 found to be females. Mean age was 57 months (4.75 years). Vitamin B12 insufficiency alone was noted in 162 (55.1%) cases, folic acid alone appeared to be deficient in only 8 cases where as combined paucity of both was noticed in 30 cases. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency found to be the predominant cause of macrocytic anemia in children referred to our institution with 65.3 % of total case population. Considering its significance in the regulation of nervous system, awareness programs with proper guidance are essential to deal this manageable issue. Key words: Megaloblastic anemia, macrocytosis, cobalamin, Vitamin B 12 deficiency, Folic acid deficiency, Anemia, Lahore Pakistan
An Overview of Institutional Experience of General Surgeons of Laparoscopic Splenectomy in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar
Authors: Zarka Ahmad , Zarin Mohammad , Furqan Khalid , Shahzeb Khan
Published: April 2022

Aim: An Overview of Institutional Experience of General Surgeons of Laparoscopic Splenectomy in Khyber teaching hospital, Peshawar Methodology: A descriptive KAP (knowledge attitude and practice) study was conducted in Khyber teaching hospital (KTH) from February 2021 to March 2021. Experience of only those General Surgeons, who have performed both Open and Laparoscopic Splenectomies was included in the study. Data was collected through a self –administered questionnaire and a total of eleven faculty members of our surgical department qualified to be a part of the study. Results: Eleven consultants of our surgical department qualified to be a part of the study. In the category of intra-operative complications, 8(72.7%) designated it as an optimum method of hemostasis, 9(81.8%) experienced no iatrogenic injury, 7(63.6%) never converted laparoscopic to an open splenectomy. Among post-operative complications, hemorrhage was witnessed only by 3(27.3%) while 8(72.7%) never had a patient with the mentioned complication. Wound Infection, post-operative ileus and post splenectomy sepsis were experienced only by 2(18.2%) participants and 9(81.8%) had not received patients with such complications. 8(72.7%) surgeons favored use of this technique for easy identification and removal of accessory spleen. 7(63.6%) participants had a consensus on it being a safe and easy method for specimen retrieval. In post-operative recovery, 9(81.8%) patients had a hospital stay of 2 days while 10(90.9%) observed an early activity resumption. A total of 8(72.7%) General Surgeons preferred Laparoscopic Splenectomy. Conclusion: The study showed that majority of the surgeons preferred use of Laparoscopic Splenectomy. Keywords: Splenectomy, Laparoscopy, Hemostasis
Association of Central Obesity with Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Iftekhar Malik Faisal , Zaman Said , Saqib H.m. Saadan , Shah Arshad Ali , Shah Syed Dilbahar Ali , Batool Misdaq
Published: April 2022

Background: An increased trend of central obesity in general population has increased their risk of cardiovascular disease in various populations. Aims: To find an association between central obesity and cardiovascular disease. Study Design: Survey based study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, MTI Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 1st October 2020 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: Four hundred and twenty community participants were assessed for their central obesity via waist circumference measurement. Their lipid profiling, fasting blood sugar and exercise tolerance test was also conducted. Results: The mean age was 56.77±12.6 years with 61.9% females and 38.09% as male participants. The waist circumference ≥90cm in males was 7.5% while it was 15.3% in females. The socioeconomic status of the males and females with higher waist circumference was more as low to middle class. The odds ratio comparison within males and females showed a significant variance among ages, BMI and socioeconomic status in term of family income. The biochemical analysis of various participants blood samples showed dyslipidemia, ischemia and risk of atherosclerosis to be higher in central obesity participants than normal weight (p value <0.005). Conclusion: There is a strong association of central obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Association, Central Obesity, Cardiovascular disease
Rezension von: Schrenk, Christhard; Barz, Hans-Peter (Hrsg.), Stadtgrün – Blumen – Parkanlagen
Authors: Wolf Reinhard , Schrenk Christhard , Barz Hans-Peter
Published: April 2022

Christhard Schrenk und Hans-Peter Barz (Hrsg.): Stadtgrün – Blumen – Parkanlagen. Heilbronner Gartenkultur gestern und heute. Stadtarchiv Heilbronn 2019. 375 Seiten mit 290 Abbildungen. Gebunden € 22,50. ISBN 978-3-940646-28-6
Rezension von: Furtwängler, Martin (Hrsg.), Verfassungen und Verfassungsjubiläen in Baden und Württemberg 1818/19–1919–2019
Authors: Waibel Raimund , Furtwängler Martin
Published: April 2022

Martin Furtwängler u. a. (Hrsg.): Verfassungen und Verfassungsjubiläen in Baden und Württemberg 1818/19 – 1919 – 2019 (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg, Reihe B, Forschungen, Bd. 229). W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart 2020. 273 Seiten mit einigen Abbildungen. Fest gebunden € 28,–. ISBN 978-3-17-039339-4