bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nuclei activation of limonene-derived organosulfates and their mixtures with ammonium sulfate
Authors: Hansen A. M. K. , Hong J. , Raatikainen T. , Kristensen K. , Ylisirniö A. , Virtanen A. , Petäjä T. , Glasius M. , Prisle N. L.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Even though organosulfates have been observed as constituents of atmospheric aerosols in a wide range of environments spanning from the subtropics to the high Arctic, their hygroscopic properties have not been investigated prior to this study. Here, limonene-derived organosulfates with a molecular weight of 250 Da (L-OS 250) were synthesized and used for simultaneous measurements with a Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA) and a Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCNC) to determine the hygroscopicity parameter, κ, for pure L-OS 250 and mixtures of L-OS 250 with ammonium sulfate (AS) over a wide range of humidity conditions. The κ values derived from measurements with H-TDMA decreased with increasing particle dry size for all chemical compositions investigated, indicating size dependency and/or surface effects. For pure L-OS 250, κ was found to increase with increasing relative humidity, indicating dilution/solubility effects to be significant. Discrepancies in κ between the sub- and supersaturated measurements were observed for L-OS 250, whereas κ of AS and mixed L-OS 250/AS were similar. This discrepancy was primarily ascribed to limited dissolution of L-OS 250 at subsaturated conditions. In general, hygroscopic growth factor, critical activation diameter and κ for the mixed L-OS 250/AS particles converged towards the values of pure AS for mixtures with ≥ 20 % w/w AS. Surface tension measurements of bulk aqueous L-OS 250/AS solutions showed that L-OS 250 was indeed surface active, as expected from its molecular structure, decreasing the surface tension of solutions with 24 % from the pure water-value at a L-OS 250 concentration of 0.0025 mol L−1. Based on these surface tension measurements, we present the first concentration-dependent parametrisation of surface tension for aqueous L-OS 250, which was implemented to different process-level models of L-OS 250 hygroscopicity and CCN activation. The values of κ obtained from the measurements were compared with κ calculated applying the volume additive Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson mixing rule, as well as κ modelled from equilibrium Köhler theory with different assumptions regarding L-OS 250 bulk-to-surface partitioning and aqueous droplet surface tension. This study is to our knowledge the first to investigate the hygroscopic properties and surface activity of L-OS 250; hence it is an important first step towards understanding the atmospheric impact of organosulfates.
Measurement of non-volatile particle number size distribution
Authors: Gkatzelis G. I. , Papanastasiou D. K. , Florou K. , Kaltsonoudis C. , Louvaris E. , Pandis S. N.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. An experimental methodology was developed to measure the non-volatile particle number concentration using a thermodenuder (TD). The TD was coupled with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, measuring the chemical composition and mass size distribution of the submicrometer aerosol and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) that provided the number size distribution of the aerosol in the range from 10 to 500 nm. The method was evaluated with a set of smog chamber experiments and achieved almost complete evaporation (> 98 %) of secondary organic as well as freshly nucleated particles, using a TD temperature of 400 °C and a centerline residence time of 15 s. This experimental approach was applied in a winter field campaign in Athens and provided a direct measurement of number concentration and size distribution for particles emitted from major pollution sources. During periods in which the contribution of biomass burning sources was dominant, more than 80 % of particle number concentration remained after passing through the thermodenuder, suggesting that nearly all biomass burning particles had a non-volatile core. These remaining particles consisted mostly of black carbon (60 % mass contribution) and organic aerosol, OA (40 %). Organics that had not evaporated through the TD were mostly biomass burning OA (BBOA) and oxygenated OA (OOA) as determined from AMS source apportionment analysis. For periods during which traffic contribution was dominant 50–60 % of the particles had a non-volatile core while the rest evaporated at 400 °C. The remaining particle mass consisted mostly of black carbon (BC) with an 80 % contribution, while OA was responsible for another 15–20 %. Organics were mostly hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and OOA. These results suggest that even at 400 °C some fraction of the OA does not evaporate from particles emitted from common combustion processes, such as biomass burning and car engines, indicating that a fraction of this type of OA is of extremely low volatility.
Composite analysis of a major sudden stratospheric warming
Authors: Hocke K. , Lainer M. , Schanz A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We present the characteristics of a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) by using the composite analysis method and ERA Interim reanalysis data from 1979 to 2014. The anomalies of the parameters total ozone column density (TOC), temperature (T), potential vorticity (PV), eastward wind (u), northward wind (v), vertical wind (w), and geopotential height (z) are derived with respect to the ERA Interim climatology (mean seasonal behaviour 1979 to 2014). The composites are calculated by using the time series of the anomalies and the central dates of 20 major SSWs. Increases of up to 90 Dobson units are found for polar TOC after the SSW. Polar TOC remains enhanced until the summer after the major SSW. Precursors of the SSW are a negative TOC anomaly 3 months before the SSW and enhanced temperature at 10 hPa at mid-latitudes about 1 month before the SSW. Eastward wind at 1 hPa is decreased at mid-latitudes about 1 month before the SSW. The 1 hPa geopotential height level is increased by about 500 m during the month before the SSW. These features are significant at the 2σ level for the mean behaviour of the ensemble of the major SSWs. However, knowledge of these precursors may not lead to a reliable prediction of an individual SSW since the variability of the individual SSWs and the polar winter stratosphere is large.
High variability in dissolved iron concentrations in the vicinity of the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Ocean)
Authors: Quéroué F. , Sarthou G. , Planquette H. F. , Bucciarelli E. , Chever F. , van der Merwe P. , Lannuzel D. , Townsend A. T. , Cheize M. , Blain S. , d'Ovidio F. , Bowie A. R.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Dissolved Fe (dFe) concentrations were measured in the upper 1300 m of the water column in the vicinity of the Kerguelen Islands as part of the second KErguelen Ocean Plateau compared Study (KEOPS2). Concentrations ranged from 0.06 nmol L−1 in offshore, Southern Ocean waters to 3.82 nmol L−1 within Hillsborough Bay, on the north-eastern coast of the Kerguelen Islands. Direct island runoff, glacial melting and resuspended sediments were identified as important inputs of dFe that could potentially fertilise the northern part of the plateau. A significant deep dFe enrichment was observed over the plateau with dFe concentrations increasing up to 1.30 nmol L−1 close to the seafloor, probably due to sediment resuspension and pore water release. Biological uptake was shown to induce a significant decrease in dFe concentrations between two visits (28 days apart) at a station above the plateau. Our work also considered other processes and sources, such as lateral advection of enriched seawater, remineralisation processes, and the influence of the polar front (PF) as a vector for Fe transport. Overall, heterogeneous sources of Fe over and off the Kerguelen Plateau, in addition to strong variability in Fe supply by vertical or horizontal transport, may explain the high variability in dFe concentrations observed during this study.
Connecting the anthropology of aging and occupational therapy/Occupational science: Interdisciplinary perspectives on patterns and meanings of daily occupation
Authors: Perkinson Margaret A , Briller Sherylyn
Published: June 2015

Introduction to the special Issue on Occupational Therapy
Liquidity Analysis of Selected Public-Listed Companies in Malaysia
Authors: McGowan Carl B. , Baki Billah N. M. , Yakob Noor Azuddin
Published: June 2015

The Statement of Cash Flows is a crucial part of financial reporting. Thus, cash flow ratios have drawn the attention of practitioners and academic researchers to use to evaluate the performance of a company. This study examines, over the three years (2010-2012) period, the liquidity position of selected companies from three prominent sectors (Consumer products, Industrial products and Trading/Services) of the Malaysian economy using cash flow statement ratios and traditional liquidity ratios suggested by various researchers. Traditional ratios were obtained from the Osiris database and cash flow ratios were calculated by using financial statements of selected companies. Traditional ratios examined were - current ratio, quick ratio, total asset to total liabilities ratio, and interest coverage ratio. Similarly, cash flow ratios examined were–operating cash flow ratio, critical needs cash coverage ratio, cash flow to total debt ratio, and cash interest coverage ratio. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the strength of the relationship between traditional ratios and cash flow ratios. The empirical results of the correlation analysis show a statistically significant positive relationship between traditional ratios and cash flow ratios. Finally, pair t-tests results show that there is statistically significant difference between traditional ratios and cash flow ratios. The implication of the above empirical results suggests that traditional liquidity ratios should not be used solely for measuring liquidity since a company can have serious cash flow problems with positive liquidity ratios and increasing profits. Liquidity ratios developed using the statement of cash flows provide additional information or sometimes better insight on the financial strength or weakness of a company.
An Analysis of English Translation of Zigong Lantern Festival Introduction on Webpage
Authors: Chunrong Wu , Zenghui Li
Published: June 2015

This essay analyzes Zigong Lantern Festival’s English introduction on webpage under the framework of Peter Newmark who divides texts into expressive text, informative text and vocative text and holds that different text types correspond to different translation methods. Through the analysis of the source text and target text of Zigong Lantern Festival introduction, the author finds that during the process of translating, adjustments to the sentences’ order and addition of information were well-made by the translator with specific and typical analysis offered. In addition, for some redundant information produced in the process of adding information, the essay analyzes it and offers suggestions for future improvement, hoping to promote the economic development of Zigong in Sichuan province of China.
Modified Injector for Optimal Insertion of Standard Ctrs in Lax Zonules
Authors: Tataru Calin Petru , Dogaroiu Anca Cristina , Mihai Constantin
Published: June 2015

Purpose

Capsular tension rings (CTRs) are commonly used for stabilizing the capsule in lax zonules. Blind and uncontrolled maneuvering of the ring free end may cause intraoperative incidents during CTR insertion. We improved the design of a standard CTR typical injector that eliminates the risks associated with the lack of control during its insertion.

Methods

We present a modification of a typical injector used for insertion of standard CTR as well as the insertion technique. The modification consists of a metal anchoring element attached to the free end of the tube, on which the second eyelet of a standard CTR is fixed. The device was used in the surgical treatment of 50 adult patients with cataract associated with lax zonule.

Results

The improved injector led to a reduced injection duration and complexity, and there were no intraoperative incidents or postoperative complications.

Conclusions

The fixation of the second eyelet allows a controlled insertion of the standard CTRs, which facilitates the intraocular implantation technique, reduces surgical complications associated with the blind maneuvering of the free end of the ring inserted by traditional methods, and has a less disruptive action on the integrity of the remaining undamaged zonular fibers in the lax zonules. The accessory attached to the typical injector tube reduces the risk of surgical incidents caused by the uncontrolled progression of the ring's free end inside the capsular bag.
Large Lamellar Corneoscleral Grafts: Tectonic Role in Initial Management of Severe Ocular Chemical Injuries
Authors: Iyer Geetha , Srinivasan Bhaskar , Rishi Ekta , Rishi Pukhraj , Agarwal Shweta , Subramanian Nirmala
Published: June 2015

Purpose

To report the outcome of large tectonic lamellar grafts in cases of severe chemical injury associated with corneal melt/perforation and scleral ischemia, with or without retinal detachment.

Methods

This was a retrospective interventional analysis of 7 eyes of 6 patients within 3 months of injury with simultaneous/subsequent surgical procedures to salvage globe integrity.

Results

Of 7 included eyes, both eyes of one patient underwent phthisical changes. In one eye, the retinal detachment was inoperable; in another, the retina was reattached with silicone oil tamponade, and underwent subsequent Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis with a final best-corrected visual acuity of 20/80 at 3-year follow-up. One eye underwent Lucia type 2 keratoprosthesis, one eye the modified osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis procedure, with visual recovery of 20/120 and 20/80, respectively, and one maintained vision of 20/200 for 2 years following a penetrating keratoplasty. The final best-corrected visual acuity was better than 20/200 in 4 out of these 7 eyes (57.14%).

Conclusions

In acute severe chemical injuries, corneal perforation with scleral ischemia can threaten globe integrity as well as preclude routine tectonic penetrating procedure. Presence of a concurrent retinal detachment in this setting further complicates the approach as well as the outcome. The use of a large tectonic corneoscleral lamellar graft provides a viable option in the achievement of tectonic stability in these eyes, facilitating future visual rehabilitative procedures.
Early Results of Dexamethasone Implant, Ranibizumab, and Triamcinolone in Macular Edema Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Yumusak Erhan , Buyuktortop Nesrin , Ornek Kemal
Published: June 2015

Purpose

To compare the short-term results of the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX), ranibizumab (RAN), and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods

One eye each of 32 patients who were treated with intravitreal injections for macular edema secondary to BRVO was studied. This retrospective study included 3 groups. The patients received DEX in group 1 (n = 11), RAN in group 2 (n = 11), and IVTA in group 3 (n = 10). Data were collected before and after the injections at the first and third months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were analyzed statistically.

Results

The median duration of the follow-up was 3.0 months in overall groups. The BCVA increased significantly in all groups (p = 0.018, p = 0.034, p = 0.014, respectively). The CMT increased significantly in groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.02, p<0.001, respectively), but not in group 2 (p = 0.14). The IOP increased significantly in groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.05, p<0.001, respectively). Antiglaucomatous treatment was required only in group 3. Cataract developed in 2 patients (20%) in group 3 and surgery was required.

Conclusions

Although RAN was the safest among the 3 agents, DEX and IVTA reduced CMT more than RAN, while significant improvement was achieved in BCVA in all groups. All 3 agents can be effectively used in the treatment of macular edema due to BRVO.
Quantitative Evaluation of Visual Function 12 Months after Bilateral Implantation of a Diffractive Trifocal IOL
Authors: Marques João P. , Rosa Andreia M. , Quendera Bruno , Silva Fátima , Mira Joaquim , Lobo Conceição , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Murta Joaquim N.
Published: June 2015

Purpose

To quantitatively evaluate visual function 12 months after bilateral implantation of the Physiol FineVision® trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) and to compare these results with those obtained in the first postoperative month.

Methods

In this prospective case series, 20 eyes of 10 consecutive patients were included. Monocular and binocular, uncorrected and corrected visual acuities (distance, near, and intermediate) were measured. Metrovision® was used to test contrast sensitivity under static and dynamic conditions, both in photopic and low-mesopic settings. The same software was used for pupillometry and glare evaluation. Motion, achromatic, and chromatic contrast discrimination were tested using 2 innovative psychophysical tests. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Psychophysical tests were performed 1 month after surgery and repeated 12 months postoperatively.

Results

Final distance uncorrected visual acuity (VA) was 0.00 ± 0.08 and distance corrected VA was 0.00 ± 0.05 logMAR. Distance corrected near VA was 0.00 ± 0.09 and distance corrected intermediate VA was 0.00 ± 0.06 log-MAR. Glare testing, pupillometry, contrast sensitivity, motion, and chromatic and achromatic contrast discrimination did not differ significantly between the first and last visit (p>0.05) or when compared to an age-matched control group (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The Physiol FineVision® trifocal IOL provided satisfactory full range of vision and quality of vision parameters 12 months after surgery. Visual acuity and psychophysical tests did not vary significantly between the first and last visit.
Association of Autosomal Dominant Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Mammo Danny , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Thomas Benjamin J. , Shah Ankoor R. , Abbey Ashkan M. , Trese Michael T. , Drenser Kimberly A. , Capone Antonio
Published: June 2015

We present an 8-month-old boy with severe retinal detachment from familial exudative vitreoretinopathy ( FZD4 exon 1 deletion). He was subsequently diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy with SMN1 deletion. β-catenin signaling is dysregulated in both disorders, so we hypothesize that the co-occurrence may have exacerbated the vitreoretinal phenotype.
Correlation of Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography with Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in an Infant with Retinal Hamartomas
Authors: Chidambara Lavanya , Jayadev Chaitra , Mangalesh Shwetha , Sivakumar Munusamy , Shetty Bhujang , Vinekar Anand
Published: June 2015

Purpose

To describe the correlation between the surface morphology on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and leakage pattern on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in an infant with multiple retinal hamartomas.

Methods

An Asian Indian female infant was found to have 2 retinal lesions in the right eye and 1 in the left eye during Retcam (Clarity MSI, CA, USA) screening for retinopathy of prematurity at 45 weeks postmenstrual age. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography on the hand-held OCT (Envisu 2300, Bioptigen, NC, USA) and FFA on the Retcam 3 were performed under monitoring in the office.

Results

Spectral-domain OCT detected all 3 lesions but only 1 lesion was detected on FFA. While this lesion had an irregular surface with overlying vitreoretinal (VR) traction on SD-OCT, the other 2 lesions not detected on FFA were smooth and had no VR traction. After a follow-up to 18 months corrected age, there was no change in the morphology of any of the lesions.

Conclusions

It is possible to characterize retinal hamartomas in infants using SD-OCT and correlate them with FFA. Spectral-domain OCT examination can be used to diagnose and monitor lesions even if they are not detectable on angiography.
Endophthalmitis Today: A Multispecialty Ophthalmology Department Perspective
Authors: Ben Artsi Elad , Katz Gabriel , Kinori Michael , Moisseiev Joseph
Published: June 2015

Purpose

To portray the current scene of endophthalmitis in a multispecialty ophthalmology department regarding etiologies and treatment guidelines.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with endophthalmitis or suspected endophthalmitis from 2009 to 2012.

Results

A total of 24 eyes were diagnosed with endophthalmitis or suspected endophthalmitis during a 4-year period. The etiologies included endogenous endophthalmitis ( 6 ), blebitis ( 3 ), Ahmed valve implantation (3, 2 of them with late infection), postcataract surgery ( 3 ), intravitreal injections ( 4 ), penetrating injury ( 2 ), and other surgical procedures ( 3 ). Of the postcataract surgery cases, 1 was a congenital cataract surgery, and 2 were referrals. There were no endophthalmitis cases in 4603 adults undergoing cataract surgery in our department during this period. There were 14 positive cultures: 1 was candida and the rest bacteria. Ten of the bacteria cases were Gram-positive cocci (predominantly strep species), 3 were Gram-negative, and coagulase negative staphylococci were detected in 2 cases.

Conclusions

Our study indicates a significant change in the case mix of endophthalmitis. The past leading cause, cataract surgery, was dramatically reduced, and intravitreal injections became a major cause. The change in etiologies, and possibly in the microbial flora, warrants reconsideration of the rules that guided the management of endophthalmitis since the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study.
Predicting High Blood Metal Ion Concentrations following Hip Resurfacing
Authors: Matharu Gulraj S. , Berryman Fiona , Brash Lesley , Pynsent Paul B. , Treacy Ronan B.C. , Dunlop David J.
Published: June 2015

Purpose

To determine whether gender, femoral head size, acetabular inclination, and time since surgery predicted high blood metal ion concentrations following Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR).

Methods

BHR patients with unilateral bearings at one specialist centre with blood cobalt and chromium concentrations measured up to May 2013 were included. This comprised a mixed (at-risk) group including symptomatic patients and asymptomatic individuals with specific clinical and/or radiological findings. Blood sampling was at a mean of 7.5 years (range 1-15.4 years) postoperatively.

Results

Of 319 patients (mean age 49.3 years; 53% male), blood metal ions greater than 7 µg/l were observed in 9% (n = 28). Blood metal ions were significantly higher in females (p<0.001), femoral head sizes ≤48 mm (p<0.01), and cup inclinations >55° (p<0.001). Linear regression demonstrated femoral head size was responsible for the highest proportion of variance in blood metal ions (cobalt p<0.001, R2 = 8%; chromium p<0.001, R2 = 11%). Analysis of femoral head size and inclination together demonstrated 36% of BHRs with head sizes of 38-44 mm and inclination >55° had blood metal ions >7 µg/l. BHR 10-year survival for this at-risk group was 91% (95% confidence intervals 86.0%-95.0%) with 30 hips revised.

Conclusions

If blood metal ions are used to screen hip resurfacing patients for adverse reactions to metal debris it is recommended those with small femoral head sizes (38-44 mm) and high acetabular inclinations (>55°) are targeted. These findings require validation in other cohorts as they may not be applicable to all hip resurfacing devices given the differences in radial clearance, coverage arc, and metallurgy.
Late Onset Imminent Femoral Fatigue Fracture Associated with Intraoperative Cement Extrusion as a Rare Cause of Thigh Pain after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Antoniadis Alexander , Zingg Patrick O. , Dora Claudio
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Cement extrusions on the femoral side after total hip replacement can occur in approximately 0.3% of cemented primary total hip replacements. Not recognised until a postoperative x-ray is performed, the willingness to dismiss and treat these extrusions conservatively is high.

Methods

We report on 3 patients presenting with sudden onset of thigh pain associated with an inability to weight-bear after a 2 to 15 month period of uneventful healthy recovery from cemented total hip replacement. On immediate postoperative x-rays occult cement extrusion in the posterolateral circumference of the femoral component tip were present. X-rays and CT scans showed no fracture signs. Scintigraphy revealed late increased uptake at the extrusion height. With the hypothesis of imminent femoral fatigue fracture, all patients underwent revision surgery. The defect sites were surgically exposed, thoroughly cleaned of cement, filled with iliac crest bone graft and stabilised with tension band plating.

Results

This procedure resulted in fully recovered asymptomatic patients at 6 weeks and after a mean follow-up period of 48 months, as demonstrated by their pain level and tolerance of full weight bearing.

Conclusions

These cases lead us to adopt a low threshold for immediate revision when occult cement extrusion is recognised near the tip of a cemented stem on postoperative films, and to adopt a low threshold for surgical revision when, in the presence of cement extrusion, thigh pain is a complaint. We favour tension band plating and bone grafting over more complex implant revisions since a fast recovery was achieved in these patients.
Outcome of the Stryker® Trident ‘All-Poly’ Constraint Acetabular Insert: A District General Hospital Experience
Authors: Harrison Simon J. , Leeder Daniel J. , McWilliams Timothy G. , Metcalf Robert W. , Sidhom Sameh A.
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Constrained acetabular inserts are designed as revision solutions for unstable total hip arthroplasties to prevent dislocation and as a possible primary option for elderly patients at risk of recurrent dislocation.

Purpose

Our aim was to establish clinical and radiological outcomes of an ‘all-poly’ constrained acetabular device and to highlight reasons for component failure.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed our use of the Stryker® Trident ‘all-poly’ constrained acetabular insert between 2008 and 2013. All inserts were cemented directly into the acetabulum. Demographic data was collated. The indication for use of a constrained insert and postoperative complications were determined. Patients were reviewed clinically and underwent radiographic follow-up.

Results

A total of 56 constrained inserts were utilised during the study period. Follow-up was for a minimum of 2 years (mean 4.0 years and range 2.0-6.8 years). The mean latest follow-up Oxford hip score was 34.6 (11-48). One postoperative superficial wound infection, 1 breakage of the constraining ring without clinical consequence and 1 recognised complication of liner failure at the bipolar interface were noted.

Conclusions

In the short to medium term, acetabular constraint offers a useful primary or revision option in patients at risk or with recurrent dislocation.
Lean Body Mass Assessment Based on UV Absorbance in Spent Dialysate and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Tomson Ruth , Fridolin Ivo , Luman Merike
Published: June 2015

Purpose

The aim of the study was to explore the possibility of assessing lean body mass (LBM) based on UV absorbance measurements in spent dialysate.

Methods

9 patients on chronic three-times-a-week HD (4 female, 5 male, mean age 58.8 ± 8.6 years) were studied. Blood and spent dialysate samples were collected for 3 consecutive hemodialysis (HD) sessions from every patient. A double-beam spectrophotometer was used for the determination of UV absorbance in the collected spent dialysate samples. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed on an interdialytic day. LBM was calculated based on creatinine concentration in blood (LBMblood) and UV absorbance in spent dialysate (LBMa) and assessed by DXA (LBMDXA). Also, in vitro experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of tissue hydration on DXA measurements.

Results

Although LBMa was slightly lower compared to LBMblood, the estimates based on UV absorbance in spent dialysate presented greater accuracy and precision compared to LBMDXA. The significant difference between LBMblood and LBMDXA was with high probability caused by the altered tissue hydration of HD patents.

Conclusions

In summary, the results show that it is possible to asses LBM based on UV absorbance in spent dialysate.
Mechanical and Biocompatibility Performance of Bicomponent Polyester/Silk Fibroin Small-Diameter Arterial Prostheses
Authors: Yang Xiaoyuan , Wang Lu , Guan Guoping , Zhang Hongqi , Shen Gaotian , Guan Ying , Peng Lei , Li Yuling , King Martin W.
Published: June 2015

Background

In this study, we fabricated prototype bicomponent polyester/silk fibroin small-diameter arterial prostheses using a specially designed narrow ribbon shuttle loom.

Methods

The 2-layered flat fabrics were then heatset on a mandrel to form tubes with a round cross section.

Results

The woven samples had a wall thickness between 0.23 mm and 0.29 mm and an inner diameter between 3.53 mm and 3.95 mm, depending on the yarn type and the weave structure.

Conclusions

The bicomponent polyester/silk fibroin samples had superior bursting strength, circumferential strength and suture retention strength compared with a commercial small-diameter arterial prosthesis made from ePTFE. In addition, these prototype samples had greater suture retention strengths than a dog femoral artery, which indicates that they have adequate biostability for clinical use. While their amount of radial compliance was superior to that of the ePTFE commercial graft control, it did not match that of a natural artery. So there is still a need for future improvement in compliance. All of the woven prototypes had water permeability values between 26 and 180 ml/(cm2*min), which confirms that none of these arterial prostheses needs to be preclotted at the time of implantation. The biocompatibility of the woven prototypes was evaluated using porcine endothelial cells and an MTT assay. Their cytocompatibility was found to be superior to the ePTFE commercial control, and the level of cell attachment was observed to increase on these prototypes woven with a higher silk fibroin content.
Effects of Nanofillers on Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Composites Polymerized with Light-Curing and Additional Postcuring
Authors: Scribante Andrea , Massironi Sarah , Pieraccini Giulia , Vallittu Pekka , Lassila Lippo , Sfondrini Maria Francesca , Gandini Paola
Published: June 2015

Background

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nanofillers on the mechanical properties of 2 sizes (diameters 0.6 and 0.9 mm) of conventional and nanofilled fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) polymerized with conventional light-curing and additional postcuring.

Methods

The FRCs samples were divided into 8 groups (10 specimens each). Conventional FRCs with glass fibers preimpregnated with polymethyl methacrylate (groups 1, 2, 3 and 4) and FRCs with impregnating solution containing 32% nanofilled resin (groups 5, 6, 7 and 8) were tested in 2 different sections (0.6 and 0.9 mm in diameter). Two different polymerizations were analyzed: hand light-curing for 40 seconds with an halogen light, and additional postcuring for 25 minutes in a light-curing oven. Each sample was evaluated with a 3-point bending test on a universal testing machine, after 48 hours of dry storage. All of the data were statistically analyzed.

Results

After oven postcuring, nanofilled FRCs exhibited significantly higher load values than conventional FRCs. No significant differences were found when comparing conventional and nanofilled FRCs after hand light-curing. Moreover, 0.6-mm FRCs showed significantly lower load values than 0.9-mm FRCs, both for conventional and nanofilled FRCs.

Conclusions

Nanofilled FRCs showed higher load values after additional oven postcuring.
Color Match of Resin Composites to Intact Tooth Structure
Authors: Mourouzis Peter , Koulaouzidou Elisabeth A. , Palaghias Georgios , Helvatjoglu-Antoniades Maria
Published: June 2015

Introduction

The optical properties of dental restorative materials have a dramatic effect on patient esthetics, which may be compromised by the poor blending effect of composites resins at the composite–tooth interface.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the color-matching ability and the blending effects of 3 different composite resins when restoring natural teeth.

Methods

Three commercially available composites and 60 central incisors were used for this experiment. Each tooth was sectioned horizontally at the level of the cementum–enamel junction, and the crown was then bisected along the long axis of the tooth. One half of each tooth was restored individually with composite resin, after matching with the corresponding tooth shade. The tooth color was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using an intraoral spectrophotometer and a scientific spectrophotometer. Color differences were then evaluated by the CIEDE2000 color difference formula.

Results

The results showed the existence of color differences between the intact and the restored sections of the teeth. However, these differences were considered acceptable, since the ΔΕ value ranged below 3.3. The ΔE, Δa and Δb parameters showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The 3 composites tested were able to mimic natural teeth and produce acceptable restorations. However, the color of the resin composites needs to be evaluated over the long term, because it is subject to alterations in the oral environment over time.
Meta-Analysis of Microarrays: Diagnostic value of microRNA-21 as a Biomarker for Lung Cancer
Authors: Meng Xinxin , Xiao Chen , Zhao Yuguang , Jia Lin , Tang Yang , Li Dan
Published: June 2015

Background:

MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has previously been demonstrated as a potential biomarker in diagnosis of various human tumors. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the possibility of miR-21 as a biomarker for early detection of lung cancer.

Methods:

Relevant lung cancer-related miRNA microarray datasets were collected from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and EBI ArrayExpress database up to February 2014. Quality control of the output data was estimated using Limma package and ExiMiR package in R. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from selected datasets was pooled. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic, and a p value <0.0.05 or I2 >50% was defined as significant heterogeneity. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the stability of the pooled results. Four miRNA datasets (GSE24704, GSE17681, GSE27486 and GSE40738) from blood samples were selected, including 153 lung cancer patients and 109 healthy people.

Results:

The pooled results generated by random-effects model revealed that no significant difference was observed between case and control groups (SMD = 0.58; 95% CI, −0.04 to 1.19; p = 0.07) with significant heterogeneity (p = 0.0032, I2 = 78.2%; p = 0.06). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results of the meta-analysis were stable.

Conclusions:

MiR-21 expression levels in whole blood and peripheral blood cells did not show significant differences between lung cancer patients and healthy controls, and it might be ineffective to measure miR-21 expression to achieve an early diagnosis of lung cancer.
Absolute Circulating Pericyte Progenitor Cell Counts in Mice by Flow Cytometry: comparison of 2 single-platform technologies
Authors: Yuan Xiaochen , Wu Qingbin , Li Hongwei , Li Bingwei , Xiu Ruijuan
Published: June 2015

Background

Accumulating evidence indicates that circulating pericyte progenitor cells (CPPCs) may be angiogenic biomarkers in cancer and diabetes. Their validity as biomarkers depends on the accuracy of techniques used for enumeration. In this report, absolute CPPC counts were performed by 2 single-platform technologies. The reliability of the 2 methods, including retest reliability and intraobserver and interobserver variability, was assessed according to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The linear correlation and agreement among both methods were assessed, and the stability of CPPC numbers in blood samples was analyzed.

Methods

The blood samples were obtained from ICR mice. The samples were processed through a no-lyse, 1-wash procedure, and Syto16+CD45-CD31-CD140b+ CPPCs were analyzed by exclusion of dead cells and by fluorescence-minus-one control. CPPCs were enumerated by 2 methods: bead-based 123count eBeads count (eBioscience) and direct volume–based Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer count (BD). The cells were measured immediately and after storage of blood samples for 24 and 48 hours.

Results

There were excellent retest correlations and intraobserver and interobserver agreement in both methods. The 2 methods showed a high linear correlation (R2 = 0.923) and with a high level of agreement (0.986). It was demonstrated that CPPCs are unstable in blood samples.

Conclusions

In this study, 2 reproducible protocols for CPPC quantification were established. These protocols should facilitate future studies to further define the role of CPPCs as cellular biomarkers.
CEA in Evaluation of Adnexal Mass: Retrospective Cohort Analysis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sagi-Dain Lena , Lavie Ofer , Auslander Ron , Sagi Shlomi
Published: June 2015

Background

The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in conjunction with Ca125 in the triage of adnexal masses.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was carried out in 495 patients referred to the Gynecology Department at Carmel Medical Center due to adnexal mass, between 2005 and 2012. All patients underwent surgery with histopathologically confirmed diagnosis and preoperative measurements of serum Ca125 and CEA. For each marker, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and risk ratio were calculated.

Results

Combination of CEA with Ca125, compared with Ca125 levels alone, yielded a nonsignificant effect on sensitivity (87.4% vs. 88.9%, respectively, p = 0.64) and specificity (79.3% vs. 74.3%, p = 0.18) in differentiating malignant from benign adnexal masses. CEA levels were higher in mucinous histological types, but were not helpful in detection of borderline tumors. Significantly higher CEA (21.4 ± 53.6 vs. 3.2 ± 11.9 ng/mL, p = 0.0002) and lower Ca125 values (103.9 ± 84.9 vs. 796 ± 1,331.5 U/mL, p = 0.0338) were demonstrated in the 17 metastatic cases compared with 181 primary ovarian malignancies.

Conclusions

The combination of the tumor markers CEA and Ca125 did not contribute significantly to the detection of malignant adnexal masses compared with Ca125 alone. As our results suggest that higher CEA levels could be useful in differentiating metastatic tumors from primary ovarian malignancy and in diagnosis of mucinous histology, this issue should be investigated in large, well-designed, prospective cohort trials.
Scoring of Endometriosis: Relation to Nerve Fiber Density in Endometrial Biopsy
Authors: Hemeda Hosam M. , El-Shourbagy Mahmoud A. , Nasr-addin Mohammed A. , El-Refaee Tamer A. , Ahmed Amal A. , Awad Nahla M.
Published: June 2015

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of nerve fiber density (NFD) in endometrial biopsy as a diagnostic method for endometriosis and to detect its relationship to pain intensity and endometriosis staging by revised American Fertility Society (r-AFS, 1985) criteria.

Methods

Endometrial biopsies were taken from 50 women (25 women with laparoscopically diagnosed endometriosis compared with 25 women laparoscopically excluded endometriosis), and then detection of NFD in endometrial biopsies was attempted using immunohistochemical test protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5).

Results

In women with laparoscopically diagnosed endometriosis (n = 25), the median NFD in the functional layer in the endometrial biopsy was 5 nerve fibers/mm2 (range 2-13 nerve fibers/mm2). No nerve fibers were detected in endometrial biopsies in any of the woman in group 2 (control group; n = 25). There was a significant positive correlation between NFD in endometrial biopsy and endometriosis r-AFS staging (p = 0.005). No significant correlation was found between NFD and pain intensity (p = 0.381).

Conclusions

NFD in endometrial biopsy can be used as a less invasive method for diagnosis and staging of endometriosis.
Long-Term Administration of Dienogest Reduces Recurrence after Excision of Endometrioma
Authors: Ota Yoshiaki , Andou Masaaki , Yanai Shiori , Nakajima Saori , Fukuda Mika , Takano Mizuki , Kurotsuchi Shozo , Ebisawa Keiko , Hada Tomonori , Ota Ikuko
Published: June 2015

Background

Pain-relieving effects of dienogest against endometriosis are comparable to leuprolide acetate for 24 weeks. We assessed whether long-term dienogest administration reduces recurrence after endometrioma excision.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, 568 women with MRI-based diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma, who underwent laparoscopic stripping between 2008 and 2013, were studied. Recurrence rates and side effects over 5 years were investigated in 417 without postoperative medication and 151 who received dienogest postoperatively at 2 mg. Transvaginal sonography was performed every 3 months, and when cystic lesions ≥2 cm were observed, diagnostic MRI was conducted. Recurrence was defined as a lesion previously diagnosed as endometrioma by MRI, equal in size or larger 3 months later on ultrasonography. Cumulative recurrence rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and group comparison involved log-rank tests. Blood examinations were completed every 3 months, and bone mineral density was measured with DEXA every 6 months.

Results

Cumulative recurrence rates at the 5th postoperative year in the no-postoperative-medication and 2-mg dienogest groups were 69 and 4%, respectively, showing significant decreases (odd ratio [OR] = 0.09, 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.26). Anemia occurred in 4% due to metrorrhagia directly after administration, metrorrhagia including spotting was observed in 20% at 1 year and decreases in bone mineral density and depression were observed in 4 and 2.6%, respectively, in the dienogest group.

Conclusions

Dienogest significantly prevented postoperative endometrioma recurrence. However, side effects such as metrorrhagia and a decreased bone mineral density were observed. Therefore, careful long-term follow-up is necessary.
Early Cannulation Grafts for Haemodialysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien , Houston Graeme , Inston Nicholas
Published: June 2015

Purpose

Arteriovenous grafts have advantages compared with central venous catheters for dialysis access and guidelines suggest their use as second choice after arteriovenous fistulas. Standard practice with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts has been to avoid cannulation for 2 weeks following placement, but new generation grafts have been marketed for their early cannulation properties allowing use as an alternative to central venous catheters for prompt access. The aim of this review is to search the current literature for evidence of early cannulation of new generation grafts and to assess their patency and complication rates.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for studies assessing the use of early cannulation grafts for dialysis in accordance with PRISMA. The primary outcomes for this study were primary patency rate, primary-assisted patency rate and secondary patency rate. Secondary outcomes were timing of first cannulation, rates of access thrombosis, steal syndrome, pseudo-aneurysm and infection.

Results

Following strict inclusion/exclusion criteria by two reviewers, 15 studies were included in our review and divided into the different types of graft. Flixene, Avflo, Rapidax and Acuseal grafts showed that early cannulation within 72 h was possible; there was no evidence of the use of Vectra within 2 weeks of placement. All grafts showed similar patency and complication rates as previously published data on standard ePTFE grafts.

Conclusion

Our review showed that early cannulation is possible without detriment, but data did not allow specific graft recommendations. Therefore, we feel that a multicentre, randomised controlled trial is necessary to compare early cannulation grafts.
Cephalic Vein and Radial Artery Diameter in Formation of Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kordzadeh Ali , Chung Jameson , Panayiotopoulos Yiannis P.
Published: June 2015

Purpose

The aim of this study is to determine the optimal range of cephalic vein and radial artery diameter following preoperative duplex imaging to enhance maturation and primary patency of Brescia-Cimino radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-aggregation of literature from 1966 to January 2015 in English language and adult subjects in Pubmed, OVID, CINHAL and Cochrane database was conducted.

Results

This search produced a total of thirty-six (n = 36) articles. Following the application of recruitment criteria, only twelve articles (n = 12) were found eligible. Their quality was assessed by Oxford Critical Appraisal skills Programme (CASP) and their recommendation for practice was examined through National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

Conclusions

The current literature suggests that the optimal range of radial artery for maximum performance (maturation and primary patency) of RCAVF is at least 2 mm (level 2, grade a). The cephalic vein diameter of at least 2 mm (non-augmented) can result in best maturation and primary patency outcomes (level 2, grade a) and threshold below 1.5 mm is not advocated (level 2, grade b).
Nausea and Vomiting during the First 3 Intercycle Periods in Chemo-naive Cancer Patients Receiving Moderately/Highly Emetogenic Therapy
Authors: Pessi Maria Adelaide , Necchi Andrea , Bossi Paolo , Resteghini Carlo , Giannatempo Patrizia , Ferrari Laura , Zilembo Nicoletta , Ripamonti Carla Ida
Published: June 2015

Aims and Background

There is a paucity of data regarding the incidence, intensity, and treatment of nausea and vomiting during the intercycle periods of chemotherapy (CHT). The aims of the study were to assess the incidence and intensity of intercycle nausea and vomiting, to assess the use of rescue antiemetic medications, and to define the more uncomfortable symptom between nausea and vomiting.

Methods

In a prospective study, 108 chemotherapy-naive patients treated with highly or moderately emetogenic CHT for different primary cancers were enrolled. All patients filled out the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System tool before the first cycle of CHT (T0) and on 14-16 days thereafter for the first 3 cycles of CHT (i.e., T1, T2, T3).

Results

Sixty-seven patients completed the study. During CHT administration, all patients received antiemetics according to international guidelines. During the intercycle periods, nausea was reported in 6.0% of patients at T0, 10.5% at T1, and 26.9% at T2 and T3, respectively. The intensity of nausea was mild for 6.0%, 21%, and 18% of patients at T1, T2, and T3, respectively; moderate for 1.5%, 3.0%, and 6.0% at T1 to T3; and severe in only 3.0% of patients at any time. Vomiting was present in 1.5% and 10.5% of patients at T2 and T3. Rescue antiemetic medication was required for 41.8% at T1, 53% at T2, and 47.8% at T3. At the end of the study, 70.1% of patients described nausea as the more uncomfortable symptom compared to vomiting.

Conclusions

Nausea has a higher burden of impact over vomiting and should be assessed and treated separately throughout multiple cycles of CHT.