bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sign language in d/deaf students' spoken/written language development: A research synthesis and meta‐analysis of cross‐linguistic correlation coefficients
Authors: Zhang Dongbo , Ke Sihui , Yang Junhui , Anglin‐Jaffe Hannah
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the first systematic review and meta‐analysis on cross‐linguistic correlations between sign language and spoken/written language competences in bilingual d/Deaf learners. A total of 202 effect sizes were identified based on 70 independent samples that appeared in 52 studies from 1981 to 2023 (N = 3570). The effect sizes involved seven sign language correlates (e.g., fingerspelling, phonological awareness [PA], lexico‐semantic knowledge) and eight spoken/written language correlates (e.g., PA, lexico‐semantic knowledge, word reading, reading comprehension). Estimated mean correlations of 26 cross‐linguistic relationships ranged from r = 0.322 (p < 0.001) for sign language PA and reading comprehension to r = 0.645 (p < 0.001) for fingerspelling and word reading. Among other moderators, age/grade (elementary, secondary, vs. university/adult), signer status (native vs. non‐native), program type (bilingual vs. Total Communication/SimCom), and task type (passage vs. sentence comprehension) either showed significant moderation effects or resulted in differing size (small, medium vs. large) in the correlation coefficients among subgroups of primary studies. The meta‐analytic findings lend support to the legitimate application of linguistic interdependence, common underlying proficiency, cross‐linguistic transfer facilitation, and their associated constructs to the educational development of signing/bimodal bilingual learners. The moderator analysis results, in particular, have shed light on the conditioning of linguistic interdependence and transfer and expanded current understandings about the complexity of the issue and its practical implications in bilingual deaf education.
Sustainable development: Notions, numbers, and narratives
Authors: Holden Erling , Linnerud Kristin , Bøe Vegard
Published: November 2024

This article contributes to the theoretical knowledge of sustainable development operationalized in a sustainable development space based on three sustainable development imperatives: needs, justice, and limits. The space is constituted by six primary goals with associated key indicators and thresholds. Moreover, the article contributes to empirical knowledge about where different countries are in relation to this space based on data from 144 countries by using cluster analyses. The analyses show that no country is currently in the sustainable development space, but that sustainable development is possible. Finally, the article contributes to the growing literature on the use of narratives as important elements in change processes in general and sustainable development in particular. We present four big sustainable development narratives: “the right to education for all,” “leave no one behind,” “a carbon‐free energy system,” and “make room for nature.” These narratives are fundamental in the sense that they are a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development.
The School Bullying Victimization in Adolescents With Non‐Suicidal Self‐Injury: The Role of Coping Strategies and Emotion Regulation
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Tingwei , Wang Jiesi , Zeng Lingyun , Li Guohua , Li Junchang , Zhou Yongjie , Wang Yanni
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between school bullying victimization and non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) frequency, taking into consideration the mediating roles of coping strategies and emotional regulation. Participants were 12‐18‐year‐old outpatients and inpatients who met the NSSI and depressive disorder criteria according to the DSM‐5. Assessments included the Multidimensional Peer‐Victimization Scale, Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, and the Functional Assessment of Self‐Mutilation to examine the bullying victimization, coping strategies, emotion regulation, and NSSI behaviour. Serial multiple mediation effects of coping strategies and emotion regulation between bullying victimization and NSSI frequency were analysed using the SPSS macro PROCESS programme. A total of 2335 participants were included in this study. Bullying victimization significantly predicted NSSI frequency (B = 0.191, p < 0.001). Both coping strategies and emotion regulation were important mediators in the relationship between bullying victimization and NSSI frequency. Bullying victimization indirectly affected NSSI through two serial mediation pathways: (1) bullying victimization → problem‐focused coping → cognitive reappraisal → NSSI frequency, and (2) bullying victimization → emotion‐focused coping→ expressive suppression → NSSI frequency. The study revealed a positive association between bullying victimization and the frequency of NSSI among adolescents with depressive disorder. Strategies of coping and emotional regulation significantly mediated the link between bullying victimization and the frequency of NSSI. The findings suggested that supporting adolescents in adopting effective coping and emotional regulation strategies could be a crucial approach to mitigate the impact of bullying victimization on the frequency of NSSI.
Traditional and modern methods of construction: Comparative study of the sustainability of single‐family homes
Authors: Josa Irene , de la Fuente Albert
Published: November 2024

Modern construction methods, such as additive manufacturing, are aimed to enhance the efficiency and quality of construction processes while potentially reducing waste generation and material use, thus contributing to sustainability performance (SP). However, comprehensively understanding the sustainability trade‐offs associated with these methods is crucial for guiding both research and practical applications toward sustainable development. This study aims at quantifying the SP of various construction methods for housing, including traditional, prefabricated, and additive manufacturing approaches. A sustainability index, integrating economic, environmental, social, and technological criteria, is utilized to assess different alternatives. Findings reveal promising aspects of 3D printing technologies, such as potential cost reductions through scale increase and process optimization, minimized material waste generation, creation of skilled employment opportunities, and enhanced construction flexibility and ease. Nevertheless, challenges persist, notably significant greenhouse gas emissions and limited supplier availability. Addressing these challenges is imperative for advancing the sustainable implementation of additive manufacturing in construction.
Edge Influence in a Semi‐Deciduous Tropical Forest: An Investigation of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions
Authors: Barreto‐Garcia Patrícia Anjos Bittencourt , Lopes Francielle da Silva , Monroe Paulo Henrique Marques , Paula Alessandro de , Martins Kyegla Beatriz da Silva , Nunes Marcio Renato
Published: November 2024

Recent studies have proven the sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) in responding to variations imposed by tropical forest fragmentation, which may reflect changes in both its quantity and quality. Despite this, studies evaluating soil carbon fractions as an edge effect indicator are still non‐existent. We developed this work asking: How do the oxidizable fractions of soil organic carbon (OFSOC) respond to the edge effect in fragments of semi‐deciduous seasonal forest? Is this response influenced by the size of the forest fragment? The study was conducted in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil, in three forest fragments with different sizes. Thus, three sampling sections were defined in each fragment: edge (0–10 m), transition (40–50 m), and interior. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–10 cm. The SOC was divided into three fractions (LC—labile carbon, MLC—moderately labile carbon, and LLC—low labile carbon), adopting the chemical method based on oxidation degrees. Reductions in the SOC (28.2%), LC (17.4%), and MLC content (66.7%) were observed at the edge in the small fragment. There was a reduction of SOC (21.3%) and LLC (39.0%) at the edge in the medium fragment, while MLC showed an increase at the edge (70.4%). The OFSOC were able to respond to the changes imposed by the edge effect, with emphasis on the LC and MLC fractions in smaller fragments. The forest fragment size influenced the level of changes caused by the edge effect in OFSOC, showing greater susceptibility in smaller fragments.
Portal venous gas in a domestic shorthair cat with large cell lymphoma
Authors: Waldron Carly , Heo Jin Y. , Vinayak Arathi
Published: November 2024

Portal venous gas is defined as air within the portal venous system, whereas pneumobilia is defined as gas within the biliary tract. This report describes an 11.5‐year‐old female spayed domestic shorthair being managed for large cell lymphoma. While being hospitalised, the patient was noted to have evidence of portal venous gas on diagnostic imaging. The case study highlights common underlying causes of portal venous gas and pneumobilia in addition to diagnostic options and findings for evaluation. The most common cause of portal venous gas is bowel necrosis. Ultrasound and computed tomography scan are the most sensitive diagnostic methods in differentiation. Being familiar with the radiographic signs of and potential underlying causes of portal venous gas and pneumobilia may allow for more prompt investigations of potentially life‐threatening underlying causes. If recent surgical manipulation to the hepatobiliary/hepatoenteric system is not present and there is no history of trauma, then further diagnostic workup should be performed to evaluate for an underlying cause. Treatment of portal venous gas and pneumobilia is based on treating the suspected underlying cause.
Licence to Regulate: Article 114 TFEU as Choice of Legal Basis in the Digital Single Market
Authors: Engel Annegret
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses Article 114 TFEU as the choice of legal basis in the Digital Single Market. It argues that the EU’s competence in the internal market has developed into a default option for harmonising measures in digitalisation, exacerbated by the Union’s new regulatory approach. With particular reference to the area of competition law and the recently introduced Digital Markets Act, Article 114 TFEU might constitute the Commission’s preferred choice for pragmatic reasons, yet not necessarily undisputedly so. The chapter will present and discuss a number of pressing alternatives available from a constitutional perspective, most importantly Article 103 TFEU under the policy area of competition law. As will be argued, a lex specialis might indeed entail advantages over the generic use of horizontal legal bases, such as Article 114 TFEU, despite often being overlooked in the quest for the correct choice of legal basis. With the Digital Single Market being prone to rapid change in technologies demanding swift regulatory replies and harmonised enforcement, the role of special legal bases seems even more marginalised to the detriment of intergovernmental flexibility and the constitutional setup of competence categories as codified by the Treaty of Lisbon.
Global Power Shifting Tendencies Influenced by the Conflict’s Outcome: Regional and Global Implications
Authors: Stavytskyy Andriy
Published: November 2024

The initiation of military operations by Russia against Ukraine in February 2022 sparked a full-scale war in Europe, impacting the global economy and geopolitical dynamics. This chapter delves into the underlying factors that ignited the conflict, with a particular focus on Russia’s historical inclination towards expansion through warfare, its reliance on resource exports, and military capabilities, and its response to technological changes. The modern world’s decreasing reliance on resources in favour of technological development poses a challenge to resource-rich countries like Russia, leading to efforts to maintain dominance through military aggression. Russia’s economic dependence on resource exports, particularly energy, exacerbates its vulnerability to global market shifts. Understanding the multifaceted drivers of conflict is essential for addressing geopolitical tensions and fostering global stability. Mitigating the risk of future conflicts requires strategic diplomacy, economic diversification, and technological innovation to navigate evolving geopolitical landscapes.
Implementation of the European Court of Human Rights Judgements as an Instrument for Recovery of Ukraine and its Accession to the European Union
Authors: Chernohorenko Illia
Published: November 2024

The chapter focuses on the potential role of implementation of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) judgements in Ukraine’s recovery and accession to the European Union. It first analyses pre-February 2022 challenges in implementation of the ECtHR judgements in Ukraine. It then evaluates the impact of the invasion on the implementation of the ECtHR judgements, particularly within the framework of Ukraine’s aspirations for EU accession and the recovery plan encapsulated in the Ukraine Recovery Plan. Finally, it explores the interrelations between enforcement of the ECtHR judgements in inter-State cases against Russia and establishing a special mechanism of compensation for human rights violations caused by Russian aggression.
The Digital Battlefield: Exploring the Intersection of Ukraine’s War, Digitalization and Economic Development
Authors: Stoica Eduard Alexandru , Bogoslov Ioana Andreea , O’Connor Alina
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, technological progress undoubtedly represents a competitive advantage in almost all the human being spheres of action, both at the individual and collective level. With multiple recognized beneficial influences, digital transformation is, among others, a key factor in the evolution of the modern economy and society. However, understanding the multifaceted effects of the technological tools involvement in crisis conditions requires a more in-depth approach. Thus, through the lens of Ukraine’s war experience, the present chapter aims to examine notable aspects related to the intersection of conflict, digitalization, and economic development.

Exploring the perspective of the last decades, the analysis of the existing evidence depicts the undeniable efforts of Ukraine in the direction of digitalization, materialized in noteworthy results that demonstrate, among others, the benefits of technological progress in the face of situations characterized by risk and uncertainty. Under the war conditions, the use of digital resources proved to be one of the key means implied to reduce the crisis effects at multiple levels. However, the paradigmatic shift in dynamics through the use of technology has also brought new challenges, highlighting the urgent need for states to adapt their national strategies to the digital age.

Finally, the analysis investigates and proposes possible policy directions and strategies to support the digital transformation of Ukraine in the short, medium, and long term. Drawing lessons from Ukraine’s experience, the obtained results support the need for a coordinated global response to address the challenges posed by the evolving nature of conflict in the digital age.
Study of the State of Environmental Information Security of Ukraine in the Pre-war Period and Assessment of the Consequences of Environmental Information Manipulations in View of Changes in the Geopolitical Landscape and New Strategic Risks
Authors: Svitlana Delehan , Malychkovych Oksana , Hanna Melehanych
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the media landscape in Ukraine amidst the backdrop of the Russian full-scale aggression, focusing on environmental issues. Analyzing data from 2019 to 2023, a notable surge in online publications, particularly on popular Ukrainian platforms, is observed, indicating sustained interest in environmental news despite the conflict. Recording the impact of Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine on the environment and assessing the damage remains one of the priority topics in the Ukrainian media. The full-scale war has shown that the threat to the environment is not limited to any local areas. Emissions of harmful substances affect at least the entire continent. The study underscores the importance of accurate and reliable information dissemination to avoid panic and misinformation. It highlights the role of media in keeping environmental concerns at the forefront of public discourse, potentially leading to increased awareness and civic engagement in sustainable development. Furthermore, the research delves into the concept of “ecocide” and its resonance in the media following environmental disasters linked to the conflict, emphasizing the need for public education and discourse. The analysis also explores the evolving media landscape, including the rise of social media platforms like Telegram, and the implications for communication strategies. Overall, the findings suggest a growing recognition of environmental issues amidst the conflict and underscore the pivotal role of media in shaping public opinion and fostering environmental stewardship.
Ukraine’s Contribution to Enabling EU’s Resilient Green Energy Transition and Sustainability
Authors: Leca Leonela
Published: November 2024

Although the scenarios of the post-war Europe are still unfolding, there is one certainty—the world plunged into a new energy paradigm, one of the clean energy technologies. The last 2 years reshaped the global energy systems. These tectonic shifts are impacting the energy systems at all levels: from normative to technological; from changing fossil fuels flows to rerouting supply chains and critical raw materials; from expanding oil and gas infrastructure to enhancing the power grid networks, etc. As a response this global transformation toward the green transition and decarbonisation but also with the aim to address the climate change while mitigating the ongoing energy related risks of the Russian war, Ukraine undertook strategic decisions aiming to meet the European Green Deal agenda goals.

The post-war Ukraine, the second largest country in Europe, plays a key role in overcoming and balancing European geographic disparities of the green transformation. As a member of the Energy Community Treaty, and with the opening of European Union (EU) membership negotiations, but also in the context of the recently adopted international climate change targets within COP28, Ukraine has the potential and responsibility to become an important contributor to the regional and European green transition. This paper suggests that the ongoing war and the global energy shift creates momentum for Ukraine to become a regional and European driver of change within the new, multilayered energy security concept with the green agenda at its forefront.
Reforming Intelligence in Ukraine: The Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Chiru Irena , Ivan Cristina , Paicu Silviu
Published: November 2024

This chapter looks at the evolution of institutional frameworks and processes related to intelligence in Ukraine. By using the methodology provided to reform intelligence in new democracies, it analyzes the institutional changes within the intelligence services and the initiatives aiming to enforce coordination, improve professionalism, transparency, and trust—as crucial norms for intelligence under democracy. Within this comprehensive framework, it aims to investigate the mechanisms in place to ensure that intelligence services conduct intelligence activities in a manner that achieves the proper balance between the acquisition of essential information and protection of individual interests (intelligence governance and oversight). Last but not least, the most recent reconfigurations of “open secrets” and public intelligence inbuilding trust and obtaining strategic advantage are discussed in the light of the war in Ukraine.
A Critical Infrastructure Protection Perspective on the Conflict in Ukraine: Recommendations for a Resilient Post-war Ukraine
Authors: Georgescu Alexandru
Published: November 2024

Russia’s actions before and after its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 can be analyzed using the framework of Critical Infrastructure Protection. The task of shoring up Ukrainian resilience to Russian hybrid attacks against its critical infrastructures can also be analyzed and planned using this framework. This article proposes a Critical Infrastructure Protection perspective of the conflict in Ukraine and makes recommendations to enhance the resilience of Ukraine in all potential phases of the conflict, including during post-ceasefire reconstruction efforts. Lastly, the authors highlight the role of Romania in Ukrainian resilience through a transborder critical infrastructure perspective, suggesting also potential future contributions.
From Conflict to Stability: Intersecting Regional and Euro-Atlantic Security Logic in Ukraine’s Reconstruction
Authors: Nate Silviu
Published: November 2024

Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction is crucial but unmanageable without victory, a just peace agreement, or security guarantees. The conflict’s roots trace back to the 2014 Maidan Revolution and Russia’s subsequent actions, like the annexation of Crimea and the Donbas War.

Russia’s inability to modernize and its leaders’ imperialist mentality led to the 2022 invasion. Russia’s war economy and ability to overwhelm with weapons and ammunition have allowed it to maintain high costs in Ukraine. Still, its relative decline is visible in economic, technological, and political realms, while changes in the international system’s balance of power limit Russia’s influence, causing aggressiveness and instability in its periphery.

Any possible U.S. disengagement from Ukraine jeopardizes its hegemonic decline and increases global instability. Ukraine’s reconstruction must consider the competing regional and Euro-Atlantic security logic, balancing Ukraine’s European aspirations amid Russia’s efforts to reassert influence.

The chapter examines Ukraine’s struggle, options, and implications for regional and Euro-Atlantic security. It analyses whether Russia is losing the great power competition, acknowledging that Western society has a decisive role in balancing and enhancing opportunities for Ukraine’s reconstruction, including its interconnection with Central Asia and the Black Sea region. Consequently, Ukraine’s integration into the Euro-Atlantic security architecture is critical to long-term stability.
SDGs Realization for the Renovation of Ukraine
Authors: Stavytskyy Andriy , Kharlamova Ganna
Published: November 2024

The chapter explores the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine and its integration into the European and global economy. It emphasizes the need for strategic planning to achieve peace and outlines steps for sustainable development until 2030. The paper discusses the necessity of rapid reforms to modernize the economy, prioritize clean and resource-efficient practices, and address environmental risks. Special attention is given to the management of post-war waste and the adoption of new principles for resource processing. The importance of harmonizing Ukrainian legislation with EU standards is highlighted, with a focus on reforms necessary for EU accession. The paper outlines a roadmap for achieving Sustainable Development Goals post-war. Key challenges include geopolitical shifts, the duration of the conflict, and the need for significant financial assistance. The chapter concludes with the potential for Ukraine to become a regional economic centre in case of SDG implementation with EU support and substantial financial aid for post-war recovery and integration.
From Crisis to Opportunity: Embracing Sustainable Development Goals and Artificial Intelligence in the Transformative Innovations World
Authors: Șerbu Răzvan Sorin , Mârza Bogdan Ștefan
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the analytical junctions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The chapter highlights the important need for decisive actions in the face of a triple planetary crisis encompassing climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss. It encourages for a commitment to leveraging AI to fulfill its promises, particularly in promoting digital equality, advancing the SDGs, and connecting AI for the greater good. The chapter explores the potential of AI, together with other high-potential technologies like virtual reality and digital twins, in driving sustainable operations and addressing pressing challenges. The discussion extends to the role of AI in reconstruction efforts for countries facing destruction, emphasizing the importance of systemic changes and practical applications of AI to optimize outcomes for millions of individuals. Through a nuanced understanding of the complex interdependencies between AI, sustainable development, and environmental supervision, the document highlights the transformative potential of AI in shaping a more sustainable and equitable future.
National Resilience and Post-war Reconstruction of Ukraine
Authors: Nazarov Mykola
Published: November 2024

Successful post-war reconstruction of Ukraine is possible due to critical analysis of the previous experience of state building and taking into account the main mistakes. In this chapter, we analyze the dynamics of the Ukrainian political regime over the past 15 years, key changes in the security and defense sector of the state as well as critical decisions in the economic and energy spheres. Despite significant changes in Ukrainian politics after the start of the war in 2014, it is necessary to note systemic problems in the economic, energy, and military spheres that prevented full preparation for repelling a full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in 2022. Among the main vulnerabilities of Ukraine that can hinder the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine are negative demographic dynamics, authoritarian tendencies in the political system of Ukraine, a significant loss of industrial and energy capacities as well as a shortage of specialists in certain industries. One of the important tools for the successful post-war reconstruction of Ukraine can be the development of national resilience. Resilience in the most generalized view is the potential of communities and institutions to demonstrate the system’s ability to maintain its functions, adapt and evolve. Strengthening resilience at the level of regions and territorial communities, especially front-line and deoccupied ones, is a priority task for the state.
A First Look at the Geoeconomic Challenges of Rebuilding Ukraine
Authors: Colibășanu Antonia
Published: November 2024

The Ukrainian reconstruction project is a complex and ongoing endeavor, requiring a thorough evaluation of the initial stages of the process. The first stage involves assessing the war scenarios while addressing the societal harm done while fighting to counter Russia’s aggression. The definition and implementation of victory will establish the primary goals for rebuilding Ukraine’s socioeconomic and political future. This study employs theoretical frameworks for international conflict management to give an early knowledge of the present conflict, state players’ goals, and methods of defining victory. The research identifies two crucial components that the West and Russia share in defining victory: (1) the avoidance of direct conflict between NATO and Russia’s military force, and (2) the post-war reconstruction process, which includes not just Ukraine but also Russia. Using the geoeconomic framework to address the Ukraine reconstruction project, the research aims to establish the main layers of the peacebuilding process on both warring sides, which include economic (short and long term) support, financial infrastructure maintenance, and infrastructure investment. Finally, the paper discusses the difficult decisions and sacrifices that must be taken to assist Ukraine’s reconstruction process, resulting in efficient and robust infrastructure that can adapt to changing conditions.
Common Issues of Compensation Mechanisms and the National and International Regulatory Sources on the Compensation
Authors: Serhii Kravtsov
Published: November 2024

Chapter 7 explores the intricate landscape of compensation mechanisms following the Russian military aggression against Ukraine declared on February 24, 2022. At the national level, legislative initiatives such as the draft law “On compensation for damage and destruction” and Cabinet of Ministers’ Resolution No. 326 outline procedures for compensation application and damage assessment. However, international support is essential for implementation due to resource constraints. Internationally, Decree No. 346/2022 forms a working group to develop proposals aligned with international legal frameworks, including the creation of an international claims commission. Drawing insights from past conflicts, such as the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, bilateral negotiations remain crucial, although Russia’s reluctance poses challenges. In conclusion, the chapter underscores the urgent need for comprehensive legislative frameworks and international cooperation to address the multifaceted challenges of compensation in the aftermath of conflict. It calls for concerted efforts to ensure equitable and timely restitution for victims, laying the groundwork for long-term recovery and reconciliation.
Introduction
Authors: Sivertsen Gunnar , Langfeldt Liv
Published: November 2024

The orientations of research policy may change over time. We have seen decades of mainly focusing on system efficiency, then on excellence, and more recently on responsible assessment and solving societal challenges. However, each new generation of actors need to understand and solve the core challenges of how to govern, organize, fund, assess, and prioritize research responsibly. This book is mainly about such stable challenges in research policy, but it also discusses temporary issues. Each chapter has the format of a user-friendly policy brief. All of them are based on evidence from research, and references to further reading are given.
Balancing Basic and External Research Funding: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Solberg Espen , Drange Christina Vogsted
Published: November 2024

Research funding allocation varies significantly among countries. Is there an optimal balance between direct allocation (basic funding) and competitive funding schemes? In this chapter, we explore this question using scholarly literature and comparative data on R&D funding.
Designing Performance-Based Research Funding Systems
Authors: Sivertsen Gunnar , Aagaard Kaare
Published: November 2024

Performance-based research funding systems (PBFS) allocate direct institutional funding to universities and other public research organisations based on an assessment of their research. This chapter discusses their possible effects and how they could be designed to support academic value creation and good research cultures.
The Ongoing Reform of Research Assessment
Authors: Sivertsen Gunnar , Rushforth Alex
Published: November 2024

Since being released in July 2022, an Agreement on Reforming Research Assessment has been signed by more than 700 research performing and funding organisations within and outside of Europe. It is intended to guide a reform and mutual learning process within a coalition of its signatories, CoARA. This chapter analyses the agreement critically and provides recommendations for further development.
Quality Criteria and Concentration of Research Funding
Authors: Aagaard Kaare
Published: November 2024

Across many countries concentration of research funding is becoming more pronounced affecting both diversity and topic selection. What is driving these developments? And what are the arguments for and against increased concentration? We address these questions in this chapter and highlight how differing notions of research quality can be both a central driver of concentration and a possible remedy for potential negative effects.
Random Forest estimation of the ordered choice model
Authors: Lechner Michael , Okasa Gabriel
Published: November 2024

In this paper we develop a new machine learning estimator for ordered choice models based on the Random Forest. The proposed Ordered Forest flexibly estimates the conditional choice probabilities while taking the ordering information explicitly into account. In addition to common machine learning estimators, it enables the estimation of marginal effects as well as conducting inference and thus provides the same output as classical econometric estimators. An extensive simulation study reveals a good predictive performance, particularly in settings with nonlinearities and high correlation among covariates. An empirical application contrasts the estimation of marginal effects and their standard errors with an Ordered Logit model. A software implementation of the Ordered Forest is provided both in and in the package available on and , respectively.
Antineoplastic therapy affects the in vitro phenotype and functionality of healthy human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Scherer Bo , Bogun Lucienne , Koch Annemarie , Jäger Paul , Maus Uwe , Schmitt Laura , Krings Karina S. , Wesselborg Sebastian , Haas Rainer , Schroeder Thomas , Geyh Stefanie
Published: November 2024

While antineoplastic therapies aim to specifically target cancer cells, they may also exert adverse effects on healthy tissues, like healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), leading to hematotoxicity as a common side effect. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a major component of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, regulating normal hematopoiesis, while their susceptibility to anticancer therapies and contribution to therapy-related hematotoxicity remains largely unexplored. To address this, we investigated the effects of etoposide, temozolomide, 5-azacitidine, and venetoclax on healthy BM-derived MSC functionality. Doses below therapeutic effects of etoposide (0.1–0.25 µM) inhibited cellular growth and induced cellular senescence in healthy MSC, accompanied by an increased mRNA expression of CDKN1A, decreased trilineage differentiation capacity, and insufficient hematopoietic support. Pharmacological doses of 5-azacitidine (2.5 µM) shifted MSC differentiation capacity by inhibiting osteogenic capacity but enhancing the chondrogenic lineage, as demonstrated by histochemical staining and on mRNA level. At the highest clinically relevant dose, neither venetoclax (40 nM) nor temozolomide (100 µM) exerted any effects on MSC but clearly inhibited cellular growth of cancer cell lines and primary healthy HSPC, pointing to damage to hematopoietic cells as a major driver of hematotoxicity of these two compounds. Our findings show that besides HSPC, also MSC are sensitive to certain antineoplastic agents, resulting in molecular and functional alterations that may contribute to therapy-related myelosuppression. Understanding these interactions could be helpful for the development of strategies to preserve BM MSC functionality during different kinds of anticancer therapies.
Substantial non-compliance of online pharmacy catalogues with guidelines
Authors: Barlage Lara , Seifert Roland
Published: November 2024

Online pharmacies are popular worldwide. In Germany, there were 150 active online pharmacies in 2022. As the competition is therefore fierce and new customers need to be acquired, some of these online pharmacies create catalogues that advertise products in self-medication to attract the interest of potential customers. This study analyzed the allergy, cold, and gastrointestinal tract categories from the summer/spring 2023 catalogues of two different online pharmacies in Germany. A comparison of the active ingredients in both catalogues and an analysis of the product’s conformity with the German AWMF (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany) guidelines as well as international guidelines were carried out. In medicine, guidelines serve as evidence-based decision-making aids tools to ensure adequate patient care. The online catalogue of online pharmacy 1 showed conformity of 65% with AWMF guidelines, and the online catalogue of online pharmacy 2 showed conformity of 59% with AWMF guidelines. The online catalogue of online pharmacy 1 showed conformity of 44% with international guidelines, and the online catalogue of online pharmacy 2 showed conformity of just only 17% with international guidelines. Thus, there is a substantial lack of conformity of online pharmacy self-medication catalogues with national and international guidelines. For several indication areas including market-relevant rhinosinusitis and irritable bowel syndrome, consensus between AWMF and international guidelines was poor. The lack of evidence-based presentation of online pharmacy catalogues constitutes a risk for consumer safety. This risk must be assessed in future studies, for example by studies on intoxications caused by self-medication that is non-compliant with guidelines. Our results also underline the necessity of a stricter surveillance of the German self-medication market.
Biofertilizer use in the United States: definition, regulation, and prospects
Authors: Santos Flavia , Melkani Suraj , Oliveira-Paiva Christiane , Bini Daniel , Pavuluri Kiran , Gatiboni Luke , Mahmud Anik , Torres Maria , McLamore Eric , Bhadha Jehangir H.
Published: November 2024

The increasing demand for sustainable food production has driven a surge in the use and commercialization of biological inputs, including biofertilizers. In this context, biofertilizers offer potential benefits for nutrient use efficiency, crop yield and sustainability. However, inconsistent definition of the term “biofertilizer” and regulations, particularly in the USA, hinder market growth and consumer confidence. While the European Union, and countries like Brazil, India, and China have made progress in this area, the USA market, projected to exceed $1 billion by 2029, lacks clear guidelines for biofertilizer production and sale. The USA market is dominated by Rhizobium genus, Mycorrhizae fungi, and Azospirillum species and based products targeting various crops. Although there is a growing and promising market for the use of biofertilizers, there are still many challenges to overcome, and to fully realize the potential of biofertilizers, future research should focus on modes of action, specific claims, and robust regulations that must be established.

Key points

• The term “biofertilizer” lacks a universally accepted definition

• It is necessary establishing a national regulation for biofertilizers in the USA

• The biofertilizer market is growing fast and the biggest one is in America
MRI-guided neurolysis for the treatment of chronic refractory knee pain: a case report
Authors: Marka Alexander W. , Strenzke Maximillian , Weiss Kilian , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Woertler Klaus , Herbort Mirco , Befrui Nima , Finck Tom
Published: November 2024

Chronic refractory pain poses a significant challenge in knee joint pathologies, especially after exhaustion of conservative, arthroscopic, and endoprosthetic therapy options. This case report illustrates an innovative approach using MRI-assisted chemical neurolysis of a genicular nerve to manage persistent knee pain after arthroscopy. A 62-year-old male patient with chronic refractory knee pain, primarily localized at the inferomedial part of the knee, underwent high-resolution MRI to visualize the genicular nerves. This allowed for targeted ethanol-based neurolysis of the inferomedial genicular nerve. Following the procedure, the patient experienced substantial pain reduction for the follow-up duration of 4 months. The successful use of MRI-assisted chemical neurolysis offers a promising alternative treatment for patients with refractory knee pain, providing long-lasting pain relief without major side effects. This technique has the potential to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from chronic knee pain While these initial results are encouraging, it is important to note that further research, including both short-term and long-term studies, as well as randomized controlled trials, is warranted to establish the efficacy and safety of this treatment method in broader populations before it can be considered for routine incorporation into pain management practices.
Novel nerve regeneration assessment method using adult zebrafish with crush spinal cord injury
Authors: Motohashi Hiroaki , Sugita Satoshi , Hosokawa Yoshito , Hasumura Takahiro , Meguro Shinichi , Ota Noriyasu , Minegishi Yoshihiko
Published: November 2024

Zebrafish (Danio rerio), an alternative to rodents, are widely used in neurological, genetic, and toxicology research. The zebrafish larval spinal cord injury model has been used in neural mechanistic analyses owing to its high regenerative capacity and throughput; however, it also had several limitations in imitating rodents. Therefore, we investigated the use of adult zebrafish as an alternative model to rodents for evaluating nerve regeneration. Here, we established a novel spinal cord regeneration evaluation method, which was based on the maximum swimming speed of adult zebrafish in a custom-built hydrodynamic-based aquarium. The spinal cords of adult male zebrafish were crushed using forceps, and maximum swimming speed and histological spinal cord regeneration were evaluated. Spinal cord-injured zebrafish showed a significant decline in motor function, followed by recovery at 3 weeks postoperatively, accompanied by histological regeneration. Spinal cord regeneration can be indirectly assessed by monitoring maximum swimming speed. They were also fed a diet containing fig extract, which can promote peripheral nerve regeneration; they were fed daily starting 1 week before the operation. Maximum swimming speed was measured time-dependently until 3 weeks postoperatively. Fig-consuming fish showed improved recovery of maximum swimming speed compared to the controls, which was consistent with the histological analysis. In summary, we established a spinal cord regeneration assessment system using adult zebrafish in a customized aquarium, which enables researchers to evaluate spinal cord regeneration in adult zebrafish similar to that of rodent experiments, contributing to faster and easier screening of neuroregenerative technology.
Ocular involvement of oak processionary caterpillar hairs: Clinical outcome up to one year
Authors: Leclaire Martin Dominik , Vietmeier Friederike Elisabeth , Treder Maximilian , Eter Nicole , Baydoun Lamis
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To evaluate a consecutive series of patients that presented with ocular findings after contact with the oak processionary caterpillar (OPC) during an epidemic reproduction of the OPC in Germany in 2019 and to assess the 1-year outcome of those eyes with persisting OPC hairs in the cornea.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 11 eyes (11 patients) that presented in June/July 2019 with acute ocular symptoms after outdoor activity or caterpillar nest removal. Evaluation of patients charts and slit-lamp images up to one year. Assessment of the incidence of patients with OPC-associated ocular complaints in the subsequent years (2020–2023).

Results

All patients had conjunctival injection, foreign body sensation, pain, itching and/or burning sensation. In 9/11 eyes, multiple caterpillar hairs could be detected in the superficial and deeper cornea. Hair removal was attempted in 8/9 eyes; in one eye hair removal was impossible due to its deep stromal location (lost-to-follow-up). Entire hair removal was successful in 2/9 eyes, hence, six eyes with persisting hairs within the cornea were followed. Stromal haze developed adjacent to the hairs in all eyes and individual hairs disappeared (n = 4) and/or showed migration within the cornea (n = 3). Until 2023, the number of patients with OPC-associated ocular complaints decreased continuously.

Conclusions

Ophthalmologists should be aware of the possibility of caterpillar hairs in patients with acute eye symptoms after outdoor acitivities, especially in early summer; the incidence may fluctuate, though. Hair removal is recommended to avoid possible intraocular migration, still residing hairs did not cause any serious long-term complications in our cohort.

Key Messages

What is known

Within the late spring and early summer season, mass reproduction of the oak processionary carterpillar (OPC) can lead to an increased number of patients with OPC-related eye complaints (pain, itching and burning sensation) caused by OPC hairs within a very short period of time.

Within that season, people should be (more) actively sensitized to avoid trees with OPC hairs, take precautions and avoid eye rubing when having complaints

What is new

Complete surgical removal of the hairs can be difficult and is often unsuccessful due to their tiny size and often stromal location most possibly resulting from eye rubbing

In the longer-term, residing hairs have shown to develop haze adjacent to the hair, migrate within the cornea or disappear/resolve. Since this may go along with an inflammatory reaction, long-term follow-up and topical steroids may be useful
RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys Variant Is Associated with Higher Stenosis Progression in Asymptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis
Authors: Dofuku Shogo , Miyawaki Satoru , Imai Hideaki , Shimizu Masahiro , Hongo Hiroki , Shinya Yuki , Ohara Kenta , Teranishi Yu , Ono Hideaki , Nakatomi Hirofumi , Teraoka Akira , Saito Nobuhito
Published: November 2024

Intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) is a significant contributor to ischemic stroke, with the RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys variant identified as a related genetic factor. We explored the clinical outcomes of the RNF213 genotype in patients with asymptomatic ICAS. Between November 2011 and March 2019, 139 patients with asymptomatic ICAS were enrolled in this study. Genotyping for RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys was performed using Sanger sequencing. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to compare the RNF213 genotype with background characteristics and clinical outcomes such as ipsilateral ischemic cerebrovascular events and stenosis progression. RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys was found in 25% of cases, revealing distinct clinical features between carriers and non-carriers. The incidence of ipsilateral ischemic cerebrovascular events was 4.3% (6/139 cases), and stenosis progression was observed in 13% (18/139 cases) during a mean follow-up period of 58 months. Stenosis progression rates were notably higher in the RNF213 variant group (25.7%; 9/35 cases) than in the RNF213 wild-type group (8.7%; 9/104 cases). Cumulative stenosis progression rate was significantly higher in the RNF213 variant group than in the RNF213 wild-type group (log-rank test, P = 0.0004). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated a significant association between the RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys variant and an increased risk of stenosis progression (P = 0.03, odds ratio 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–9.0). The RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys variant exhibits clinical disparities in asymptomatic ICAS and is notably linked to a heightened risk of stenosis progression. These results suggest a distinct difference in the vascular stenosis mechanism associated with this variant, warranting further investigation into its clinical implications and potential mechanistic insights.