bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARCHITEKTŪROS IR URBANISTIKOS OBJEKTŲ NATŪROS TYRIMŲ METODIKOS PROBLEMOS
Authors: Zilinskas Robertas
Published: May 2013

The paper deals with previously unpublished problems of life (live) research in architecture. There have been 5 known cases of attempts to develop standards of such a research, and the results of all the attempts are partially preserved and stored in the Vilnius County archive. Analysis of these attemps and suggestions on applying personal and collective experience of predecessors in determining the principles of life (live) research for the current system of heritage are based on the personal 22-year experience of the author of this paper.

Santrauka

Nagrinėjamos niekad anksčiau publikacijose nenagrinėtos architektūros natūrinių tyrimų problemos. Yra žinomi 5 atvejai, kai bandyta parengti tokių tyrimų normatyvus, visų bandymų produktai yra iš dalies išlikę ir saugomi Vilniaus apskrities archyve. Pateikiamas šių bandymų nagrinėjimas ir pasiūlymai, paremti straipsnio autoriaus 22 metų asmeniniu įdirbiu tyrimų srityje, kaip pritaikyti kolektyvinę pirmtakų ir savo patirtį nustatant natūros tyrimų principus dabartinėmis paveldosaugos sistemos sąlygomis.
ARCHITEKTŪROS POLITIKOS APRAIŠKOS LIETUVOS TARPUKARIO (1918–1940 M.) PERIODIKOJE: TARP REPREZENTACIJOS IR SOCIALINIO TEISINGUMO
Authors: Petrulis Vaidas
Published: May 2013

The paper concentrates on architectural discourse of the interwar period (1918–1940) of Lithuania. The main objective of the paper is to represent the history of the Lithuanian architectural thought of the period through analysis of the interwar press. Due to a wide scope of the problem the paper is devoted to one of the major problems of architectural theory – relation of policy/power and space. Following publications in the press, a few dominant aspects of the problem were distinquished: representation of the state (as an exemplar element of global political ideology), and issues of social housing (as illustration of local, towards practical decisions oriented policy). It is discovered that the dominant theoretical position concerning the matters of spatial representation is discussions on “national style”. While the socio-political discourse of Modern Movement mainly concentrates on discussions about “social housing colonies”.

Santrauka

Straipsnis skirtas Lietuvos tarpukario laikotarpio (1918–1940) teorinio diskurso analizei. Tekste, remiantis periodikoje publikuotais straipsniais, skirtais architektūros temoms, siekiama pažvelgti į šio periodo architektūrinės minties palikimą. Dėmesio objektu pasirinkta viena iš svarbesnių architektūrinio diskurso temų – architektūros ir politikos sąsajos. Išskiriami keli to meto spaudoje dominavę architektūros ir politikos sąveikos aspektai: valstybės erdvinės reprezentacijos problematika (kaip globalios, ideologinės politikos apraiška) bei socialinio būsto problematika (kaip lokalios, į tiesioginius sprendimus orientuotos politikos apraiška). Nustatyta, kad reprezentacinėje plotmėje dominuojanti teorinė pozicija – „tautinio stiliaus“ paieškos. Socialinei, politizuotai modernizmo teorijai būdingi aspektai daugiausiai reiškėsi menkiau teoretizuotose diskusijose apie „pigių būstų kolonijų“ kūrimą.
NAUJAUSI PAMINKLŲ PAVIDALAI VILNIAUS MIESTO CENTRINĖS DALIES AIKŠTĖSE
Authors: Novickas Audrius
Published: May 2013

The paper deals with the recent projects of monuments and their realization for the squares of the central part of Vilnius. The aim of the analysis is to reveal essential features of recent memorial designs and their influence on the form and content of specific public spaces. The analysis of recent designs for Arkikatedra, V. Kudirka and Luki[sbreve]kės Squares is contextu- alized with the help of a brief review of historic monuments of Vilnius. Particular attention is paid to the semantic aspect of architectural monument composition, imagery, technologies and materials. A conclusion is drawn that recent memorial designs for public squares are based on conservative ideology, and its development is mostly limited to traditional means of expression and usage of power symbols. Nevertheless, there are indications of a growing number of design proposals that are directed toward attempts to broaden the concept of monumental art and to bring out innovative tendencies.
APŠVIETIMAS KAIP ARCHITEKTŪROS MODERNUMO SIMBOLIS
Authors: Valevičius Martynas
Published: May 2013

The paper is designed to reveal the aesthetics of artificial lighting and its influence on the architecture of the 20th century. The main topics discussed are electric lighting, which appeard in our history at the end of the 19th century, and the technical development of lighting till the middle of the 20th century. Connections of artificial lighting with visual arts, its influence on advertisement, building architecture and the whole city are analysed. An idea is proposed that although lighting by nature was purely functional, very soon it acquired symbolic ambitions to represent architecture. In modern times architects understood that lighting was both a technological development and a symbol of a new era, when there appeared an independent field of creation - lighting architecture. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama dirbtinio apšvietimo estetika ir jos įtaka XX a. architektūrai. Išryškinta XIX a. pabaigoje atsiradusio elektrinio apšvietimo svarba ir atskleista apšvietimo techninė raida iki XX a. vidurio. Nagrinėjamos dirbtinio apšvietimo sąsajos su vizualiaisiais menais, apšvietimo įtaka reklamai, pastatų architektūrai bei visam miestui. Straipsnyje keliama idėja, kad nors apšvietimo prigimtis pradžioje buvo grynai funkcionali, ji greitai įgavo simbolinių ambicijų – reprezentuoti architektūrą. Architektai į apšvietimą žvelgė ne tik kaip į technologinę pažangą, tai buvo naują erą ženklinantis simbolis, erą, kurioje atsiranda didelės įtakos visoms kūrybinėms idėjoms turinti nauja savarankiška kūrybos sritis – šviesos architektūra.
DRUSKININKŲ MIESTO PLANINĖS ERDVINĖS KOMPOZICIJOS YPATUMAI
Authors: Mačiulis Algimantas
Published: May 2013

An unsustainable and resolved plan structure has been formed in Druskininkai. Completed urban spaces can be found only in the old town. The other parts of Druskininkai are dominated by chaotic, uncomplete spaces, which should be improved or formed again. New urban formations, especially high-rise buildings, which were built in the eighth and nineth decades, look aggressive and have changed the silhouette and panoramas of the town. When the Lithuanian independence was restored, Druskininkai, because of its beautiful surroundings, became not only a health resort but a recreational one as well.

Santrauka

Druskininkuose susiformavo nevientisa, išskaidyta plano struktūra. Senoje miesto dalyje yra daugiau susiformavusių, užbaigtų miesto erdvių, kitose miesto dalyse vyrauja nevisiškai suformuotos ar tiesiog chaotiškos miesto erdvės, kurias būtina tobulinti arba formuoti iš naujo. Aštuntajame devintajame dešimtmečiuose statyti naujieji miesto urbanistiniai dariniai, ypač aukštybiniai pastatai, pasižymintys agresyvia invazija į aplinką, iš pagrindų keitė miesto siluetą, panoramas, labai pažeidė gamtos ir architektūros santykį. Atkūrus Lietuvos nepriklausomybę, šalia gydomosios reabilitacinės funkcijos, išnaudojant dėkingą gamtinę apylinkių situaciją, kurorte kuriama nauja perspektyva – pramoginių paslaugų, turizmo programa.
SOVIETINIO LAIKOTARPIO ARCHITEKTŪROS KONKURSŲ RAIDOS APŽVALGA
Authors: Linartas Darius
Published: May 2013

The paper deals with the main architectural competitions of the soviet period (1945–1990) in Lithuania. Referring to particular examples, efforts are made to identify development regularities of competitions at different stages of the soviet period, find out a relationship with the general architectural situation, discuss changes, to make a comparison with competitions of other historical epochs as well as to define their influence on the architecture and architects in Lithuania of that time. Peculiarities of competitions related to urbanistic projects, buildings and monuments representing both the early and “mature” socialism are introduced. Without attempting to list and examine in detail each creative competition of this era, efforts are made to perceive the essential principles of the very competition system of the soviet period. Problematicity related to “dead” projects, non-transparency of competitions and disregard of copyright typical to the Soviet times are discussed.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje aptariami svarbesni sovietinio periodo (1945–1990 m.) architektūros konkursai Lietuvoje. Peržvelgiami ankstyvojo ir vėlyvojo socializmo urbanistinių, pastatų, monumentų konkursų ypatumai. Apra[sbreve]omai epochai būdinga „mirusių“ projektų, konkursų nerezultatyvumo ir neskaidrumo problematika. Remiantis esmingesniais konkrečių kūrybinių varžybų pavyzdžiais bandoma atsekti konkursų raidos dėsningumus įvairiais laikotarpio etapais, rasti santykį su bendra laikmečio geopolitine situacija, aptarti pokyčius, palyginti su kitų istorinių periodų konkursais, nustatyti galimą reik[sbreve]mę to meto Lietuvos architektūros vystymuisi ir architektų tobulėjimui.
URBANISTIKOS PAVELDO IŠSAUGOJIMO TEISINĖS PRIELAIDOS LIETUVOJE
Authors: Jurevičienė Jūratė
Published: May 2013

The paper discusses urgent problems of urban heritage assesment and treatment in Lithuania today. Contradictions in the system of listing, lack of fundamental investigations, indeterminate responsibility of authorities, inadequate role of local communities are revealed as the basic factors of low efficiency of urban heritage preservation.

The most efficient means of urban heritage preservation are revealed in protected national and regional parks. Historic towns and villages of these areas remain more authentic than registered urban heritage sites in the other territories of Lithuania. The initiative of local administrations could also be considered as one of the most important factors in urban heritage preservation.

Scandinavian experience in the protection of urban heritage reveals the importance of local inhabitants in the processes of historic town preservation. Recent international documents on cultural heritage protection and changes in the Lithuanian urban planning system enable perfection of urban heritage preservation. The launched reimbursement of expenses for restoration works in Lithuania shows positive changes in this field.

Santrauka

Nagrinėjamos dabarties Lietuvoje susiklosčiusios teisinės paskatos ir kliūtys išsaugoti urbanistikos paveldą. Analizuojami Lietuvos įstatymai ir įstatymų įgyvendinamieji dokumentai, reglamentuojantys urbanistikos paveldo vietovių apsaugą kultūros paveldo apskaitos bei teritorijų planavimo lygmenyse. Siekiama atskleisti urbanistinių darinių vertingųjų savybių išsaugojimo teisinių nuostatų veiksmingumą. Atskleidžiami teisiniai trukdžiai ir paskatos gyventojams dalyvauti istorinių miestų ir miestelių kultūrinės vertės išsaugojimo procesuose.
THE MECHANISM OF DRIVE SYSTEM FLEXIBLE SUSPENSION AND ITS APPLICATION IN LOCOMOTIVES
Authors: Yao Yuan , Zhang Hong-Jun , Luo Shi-Hui
Published: May 2013

The drive system flexibly suspended on the bogie frame is conducive to the lateral dynamic performances of locomotive. In order to clarify the mechanism and optimize the suspension parameters using this model, a bogie dynamics model with 10 degrees of freedom (including the drive system) was established. The lateral dynamic performances were analyzed with the different suspension parameters. The mechanism was determined from the dynamic vibration absorber and the best suspension frequency of the drive system was put forward. The multi-body-dynamics model with two types of drive systems was simulated in locomotives to verify this theoretical analysis. When the suspension frequency is close to the hunting motion frequency of the wheelset, the locomotive dynamics performed the best. The length of the swing rods at the front and rear drive systems were different on the same bogie, which improved the locomotive dynamic performances within a wider range of speed and the wheel conicity. The track shift forces of the locomotive were reduced by 45% and 34% respectively with the swing rods on the motor side and the non-motor side relative to the non-flexible suspension.
OUTBOUND SUPPLY CHAIN COLLABORATION MODELLING BASED ON THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors: Vilkelis Aurimas , Jakovlev Sergej
Published: May 2013

The global financial crisis has highlighted shortcomings of logistics operations of many manufacturers. In Europe, the largest share of cargo is transported by road transport, where empty running accounts for about 27%. The statistical result reflects the inefficient use of transportation resources. Today it may be difficult to imagine the whole distribution chain of automobiles manufactured in Europe that would integrate all manufacturers. Nevertheless, in an effort to diminish the shortcomings of transport operations, automotive manufacturers and Logistics Service Providers (LSP) should pay more attention to logistics cooperation. The article presents the specific features of distribution networks of vehicles manufactured in Europe, also providing a scenario of integrating finished vehicle output of different vehicle manufacturers in a single distribution network. The demand for transport resources and efficiency of use of the resources was established according to the scenario. This article is a contribution and a fresh look at the variety of the solutions of transportation problems in modern European automotive industry.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE SHIP’S CARGO HANDLING MODEL
Authors: Hess Mirano , Hess Svjetlana
Published: May 2013

This paper proposes a new optimization model for ship’s cargo handling operations which solution gives the structure of cargo handling resources required, along with attaining the minimum total ‘in-port’ costs and the minimum of time required for completion of cargo operations. Due to complexity of the model which consists of composite multi-objective functions together with several decision variables and constraints, the solution has been sought by utilization of an adapted genetic algorithm combined with a hybrid algorithm. Testing of the model on real world data yielded acceptable results in a short time. In the course of decision making, the ship’s operator can, on the basis of the proposed model and taking into consideration shipping market data, choose appropriate variation of the returned solution, which incorporates minimum costs, minimum of operational time and related cargo handling resources.
IN PURSUIT OF ARCHITECTURE FICTION
Authors: Varnelis Kazys
Published: May 2013

This essay examines the role of architecture fiction and ecstatic realism as strategies for architects working within a protracted period of economic collapse. It reviews the history of the concept of architecture fiction and explores Werner Herzog’s idea of ecstatic realism as a means of understanding what the possibilities are for the interaction of art and architecture. Through a series of examples, I explore the development of innovative ways of interpreting the world.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama architektūros fikcija ir ekstatinis realizmas. Daroma prielaida, kad tai yra strategijos, taikytinos architektūros kūryboje užsitęsusios ekonominės griūties laikotarpiu. Apžvelgiama architektūros fikcijos koncepcijos raida ir tiriama Wernerio Herzogo ekstatinio realizmo idėja kaip atverianti naujas architektūros ir dailės sąveikos galimybes. Pasitelkiant įvairių meno sričių pavyzdžius atskleidžiami inovatyvūs šių dienų pasaulio ir architektūros prasmės jame interpretavimo būdai.
ARCHITEKTŪRA PARODOJE (LIETUVOS ATVEJIS)
Authors: Visminaitė Asta , Reklaitė Julija
Published: May 2013

The title of this paper reveals an ambiguity of the issue analysed and ambivalent role of architecture at exhibitions: architecture here can be perceived as an object or topic tackled within exhibition (exhibition of architecture) as well as means to form the space of exposition (architecture of exhibition). The paper analyses different implications of architecture at exhibition and will try to demonstrate that terms of interdisciplinarity and collaboration can be introduced while talking about presentation of architecture and its context. Also, the transformations of relationship between an object displayed and the way it has been exhibited are discussed. In this paper the Lithuanian context of exhibitions is discussed through the scale of types of exhibitions, levels of displays and the collaboration that emerges from them. To examine the problematic nature of double-edged perception of architecture, three types of exhibitions are defined in the paper – documenting, researching and summarizing exhibition practices which differ in the methods and aims of their analysis and curatorial praxis used. Also, for the analysis of architecture of exhibitions (or a display) three levels have been characterized – 2D, 3D and 4D; apart from the technical part they are installed at exhibitions, they differ in the level the audience is involved and in the level the information can be interpreted.

Santrauka

Straipsnio pavadinimas atskleidžia pasirinktos temos dviprasmiškumą ir dvilypį architektūros vaidmenį: architektūra gali būti suvokiama ir kaip parodoje analizuojamas objektas ar problema (architektūros paroda), ir kaip parodą formuojantis elementas (parodos architektūra). Tekste siekiama atskleisti šio santykio dualumą, o kartu įrodyti, kad kai kalbama apie architektūros bei jos konteksto santykį – imamos vartoti tarpdiscipliniškumo ir kolaboracijos sąvokos, tuomet santykis tarp objekto ir jo eksponavimo būdo kinta, o riba tarp to, kas yra architektūra parodoje, ir kas yra parodos architektūra – išnyksta. Straipsnyje pristatant parodų tipus ir parodų architektūros lygmenis bei kolaboracines formas aptariamas Lietuvos parodinis kontekstas, analizuojamos šiandieninės situacijos sąlygos ir priežastys. Nagrinėjant parodų architektūros temą išskirti trys parodų tipai, tai dokumentuojančiosios, tiriančiosios ir apibendrinančiosios praktikos, kurios skiriasi analizės ir kuravimo būdais bei tikslais. Analizuojant parodų architektūros arba architektūros pristatymo būdus išskirti trys – 2d, 3d ir 4d – lygmenys, kurie, be instaliavimo būdo, skiriasi žiūrovo įtraukimo bei informacijos interpretavimo lygiu.
CUBES AND CONCEPTS: NOTES ON POSSIBLE RELATIONS BETWEEN MINIMAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Pedersen Claus Peder
Published: May 2013

The article discusses the links and interchanges between art and architecture in the late sixties and early seventies with emphasis on the exchanges between conceptual or minimal art and architecture. The basic assumption of the article is that the rigorous conceptualisation that characterised minimal artist was transferred into some advanced architectural practices during the late sixties and early seventies. The text examines relations and differences between artists (mainly Sol Lewitt) and architects (mainly Peter Eisenman) and argues that this discussion is still relevant to current practices exploring the potentials of digital based design through the use of parametrics, scripting etc. The text concludes with an example of design-based research conducted by the author, which reflects on the themes raised in the article.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje analizuojamos XX a. septintojo dešimtmečio pabaigai ir aštuntojo dešimtmečio pradžiai būdingos kai kurios konceptualizmo ir minimalizmo apraiškos skulptūroje ir architektūroje. Tyrimas remiasi prielaida, kad griežtai konceptualių metodų taikymas iš minimalistinės skulptūros buvo perkeltas į kai kurias progresyvias architektūrines praktikas. Aptariant sąsajas tarp skulptorių, tokių kaip Sol Lewittas, ir architektų, tokių kaip Peteris Eisenmanas, siekiama atskleisti, kad jų kūryboje plėtotos idėjos vis dar išlieka aktualios šių dienų meninėje architektūros kūryboje, tiriančioje kompiuterinio projektavimo galimybes, naudojant parametrinį modeliavimą, veiksmus automatizuojantį programavimą (scriptingą). Analizė iliustruojama modeliais, kuriuos autorius per meninį tyrimą sukūrė pritaikęs straipsnyje nagrinėtus metodus.
Propriété immobilière et autochtonie
Authors: Gollac Sibylle
Published: May 2013

Cet article mobilise la notion de capital d’autochtonie pour comprendre l’importance du patrimoine immobilier dans les stratégies collectives de reproduction sociale des descendants d’un maçon breton : la propriété immobilière acquise par autoconstruction, mise au service de l’entretien du capital social, constitue ici un dispositif privilégié de production de l’autochtonie et devient la pierre de touche d’une stratégie familiale de perpétuation du statut de la lignée dans l’espace local. En combinant cette monographie à l’analyse de données statistiques, on situe socialement la façon dont propriété immobilière et autochtonie s’articulent chez les Le Vennec : ancrage résidentiel et recours à l’autoconstruction sont liés à des types de ressources et de contraintes socialement situées, à la fois typiques des classes populaires et associées à des trajectoires sociales spécifiques. Mais il s’agit aussi d’interroger ce que les processus d’accumulation du capital d’autochtonie, parce qu’ils reposent aussi sur l’accumulation de biens immobiliers, font aux relations de parenté et en particulier aux rapports sociaux de sexe qui se jouent dans la famille : toutes et tous ne sont pas propriétaires, ne restent pas à proximité et ne tirent pas les mêmes profits, en particulier professionnels et politiques, du capital d’autochtonie familial.
Gérer son immeuble comme une « affaire » ?
Authors: Richard Hélène
Published: May 2013

Alors que la privatisation des appartements au bénéfice de leurs locataires lancée en 1991 a transformé les immeubles soviétiques en copropriétés, cet article explore l’appropriation du droit de la copropriété par des citoyens ordinaires à partir d’une enquête centrée sur Moscou. En repartant des questionnements sur les conditions sociales et historiques des manières de concevoir l’économique, on observe que certains individus apparaissent plus disposés que d’autres à se saisir d’un nouveau modèle d’administration des immeubles. Le nouveau cadre juridique induit, en effet, une redéfinition des habitants comme des associés potentiels et rapproche la gestion de l’immeuble de la conduite d’une « affaire » comme les autres. Pour le saisir, on s’appuie sur une approche dispositionnelle en comparant les modes d’investissement dans les affaires de leur immeuble de deux femmes situées à des positions éloignées de l’espace social. Ces cas sont tirés d’une enquête extensive géographiquement mais recentrée sur un type particulier d’habitants. Leur analyse permet d’apprécier le poids des trajectoires sociales et des positionnements résidentiels sur le façonnage des lectures du droit et, partant, d’éclairer la fabrique de la copropriété en Russie postcommuniste par ses usages habitants.
Sur la politisation des classes populaires périurbaines
Authors: Girard Violaine
Published: May 2013

Une part importante des ménages d’ouvriers et d’employés résident aujourd’hui dans les territoires périurbains. Souvent décrits comme y subissant une relégation socio-spatiale, ces ménages se seraient convertis en nombre au vote Front national. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique, cet article montre que ces ménages appartiennent au contraire aux fractions stables ou en ascension des classes populaires et sont porteurs d’aspirations à la promotion sociale, par l’accès à la propriété ou la valorisation de qualifications techniques. Leurs attitudes politiques apparaissent alors façonnées par leurs dispositions sociales : ces périurbains issus des classes populaires, confrontés aux réorganisations de l’emploi industriel, sont portés à valoriser des formes de stabilisation économique plutôt qu’un modèle de réussite par les ressources culturelles. Autant de facteurs qui concourent, par-delà la diversité de leurs pratiques électorales, à la distanciation de nombre d’entre eux vis-à-vis d’une offre politique de gauche.
Extraction and Prediction of Biomedical Database Identifier Using Neural Networks towards Data Network Construction
Authors: Mehlhorn Hendrik , Lange Matthias , Scholz Uwe , Schreiber Falk
Published: May 2013

In this work, we investigate to what extent an automated construction of an integrated data network is possible. We propose a method that predicts and extracts cross-references from multiple life science databases and possible referenced data targets. We study the retrieval quality of our method and report on first, promising results.
Role of Vocabularies for Semantic Interoperability in Enabling the Linked Open Data Publishing
Authors: Morshed Ahsan
Published: May 2013

In the spite of explosive growth of the Internet, information relevant to users is often unavailable even when using the latest browsers. At the same time, there is an ever-increasing number of documents that vary widely in content, format, and quality. The documents often change in content and location because they do not belong to any kind of centralized control. On the other hand, there is a huge number of unknown users with extremely diverse needs, skills, education, and cultural and language backgrounds. One of the solutions to these problems might be to use standard terms with meaning; this can be termed as controlled vocabulary (CV). Though there is no specific notion of CV, we can define it as a set of concepts or preferred terms and existing relations among them. These vocabularies play very important roles classifying the information. In this chapter, we focus the role of CV for publishing the web of data on the Web.
Enabling the Matchmaking of Organizations and Public Procurement Notices by Means of Linked Open Data
Authors: Rodríguez Jose María Alvarez , Gayo José Emilio Labra , Ordoñez de Pablos Patricia
Published: May 2013

The aim of this chapter is to present a proposal and a case study to describe the information about organizations in a standard way using the Linked Data approach. Several models and ontologies have been provided in order to formalize the data, structure and behaviour of organizations. Nevertheless, these tries have not been fully accepted due to some factors: (1) missing pieces to define the status of the organization; (2) tangled parts to specify the structure (concepts and relations) between the elements of the organization; 3) lack of text properties, and other factors. These divergences imply a set of incomplete approaches to formalize data and information about organizations. Taking into account the current trends of applying semantic web technologies and linked data to formalize, aggregate, and share domain specific information, a new model for organizations taking advantage of these initiatives is required in order to overcome existing barriers and exploit the corporate information in a standard way. This work is especially relevant in some senses to: (1) unify existing models to provide a common specification; (2) apply semantic web technologies and the Linked Data approach; (3) provide access to the information via standard protocols, and (4) offer new services that can exploit this information to trace the evolution and behaviour of the organization over time. Finally, this work is interesting to improve the clarity and transparency of some scenarios in which organizations play a key role, like e-procurement, e-health, or financial transactions.
Semi-Automatic Knowledge Extraction to Enrich Open Linked Data
Authors: Baralis Elena , Bruno Giulia , Cerquitelli Tania , Chiusano Silvia , Fiori Alessandro , Grand Alberto
Published: May 2013

In this chapter we present the analysis of the Wikipedia collection by means of the ELiDa framework with the aim of enriching linked data. ELiDa is based on association rule mining, an exploratory technique to discover relevant correlations hidden in the analyzed data. To compactly store the large volume of extracted knowledge and efficiently retrieve it for further analysis, a persistent structure has been exploited. The domain expert is in charge of selecting the relevant knowledge by setting filtering parameters, assessing the quality of the extracted knowledge, and enriching the knowledge with the semantic expressiveness which cannot be automatically inferred. We consider, as representative document collections, seven datasets extracted from the Wikipedia collection. Each dataset has been analyzed from two point of views (i.e., transactions by documents, transactions by sentences) to highlight relevant knowledge at different levels of abstraction.
News Trends Processing Using Open Linked Data
Authors: Garrote Antonio , García María N. Moreno
Published: May 2013

In this chapter we describe a news trends detection system built with the aim of detecting daily trends in a big collection of news articles extracted from the web and expose the computed trends data as open linked data that can be consumed by other components of the IT infrastructure. Due to the sheer amount of data being processed, the system relies on big data technologies to process raw news data and compute the trends that will be later exposed as open linked data. Thanks to the open linked data interface, data can be easily consumed by other components of the application, like a JavaScript front-end, or re-used by different IT systems. The case is a good example of how open linked data can be used to provide a convenient interface to big data systems.
The Economic Crisis
Authors: Belingher Daniel , Calin Cantemir Adrian
Published: May 2013

The current chapter shows the gap between the real economy and the financial markets in the United States during the pre-crisis period at the end of 2007, as well as during the subsequent crisis period. The current research chapter also emphasizes the catastrophic effect that financial markets had inside the whole economic system due to this gap. The premise from which this chapter starts can be found in the systems theory and consists in Heinz von Foerster’s theorem. This research has an empirical nature and shows in which way an anomaly within the system can destabilize the entire system, finally resulting in the installation of the crisis period that we are still facing. In order to illustrate this, the authors refer to the evolution of the values of DJIA and real GDP, observed between mid 1940s until 2010 in the United States.
Financial Marriage of Convenience between China and the US
Authors: Dilek Oguz , Iseri Emre
Published: May 2013

Despite growing global concerns regarding the reliability of the American economy in general and the Dollar as a Negotiated Currency in particular, US-shaped regime of international finance will survive the present difficulties. This is mainly due to the fact that China would be predisposed to maintain its backing of the US Dollar, not to harm it, because it staked a massive economic and political capital in that. Beijing has so far persisted in assisting the global value of the US Dollar (sacrificing considerable sums of economic return), which is an apt move to beef up the American domestic market with the intention of keeping Chinese factories busy at all times.
The Effect of Index Warrant Trading on the Underlying Volatility in the Post-Crisis Period
Authors: Mugaloglu Yusuf I.
Published: May 2013

The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 led to a sharp decrease in asset prices and increased volatility in financial markets. Before the crisis, warrant trading was often justified by assuming a more stabilised complete market and lower volatility. The Istanbul Stock Exchange introduced a warrant market and trading of ISE-30 index-based warrants in 2010. The chapter examines the impact of index-based warrant trading on the volatility of underlying ISE-30 index during post-crisis period of 2009-2011. The study employed a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) approach. In order to scrutinize the influence of index warrant trading on the volatility of underlying, two GARCH (1,1) models were specified; one included the volume of index warrants in the conditional mean equation and the other included a dummy variable in the conditional variance equation. The results show that index warrant trading did not lead to lower underlying volatility over the post-crisis period.
Evaluation of the Export Efficiency of the Turkish Ceramic Industry during the Global Crisis using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Method
Authors: Yenilmez Füsun
Published: May 2013

In 2009, the world entered a new financial era. The ongoing global economic crisis has affected all developing and developed countries. During this period, the crisis turned into a complete economic crisis affecting not only financial circles but also the real sector. This chapter evaluates the impact of the global crisis upon the export performance of the Turkish ceramics sector. To this end, this study seeks to measure the export performance of the ceramics factories, ranked among the largest 1,000 industrial firms in 2009, and to offer some recommendations for improvement in the industrial production. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used in the identification of the effectiveness in the exports by ceramics companies. The study, which relies on eight firms as decision units is comprised of three inputs (net actives, number of workers, and amount of production) and one output (export). The study, based on output-oriented DEA, finds that only Vitra was effective and efficient in its exports in 2009. Based on these findings, it could be concluded that the only company that has not been affected by the global crisis was Vitra.
GMPLS for Future Applications
Authors: Sun Weiqiang , Guo Wei , Jin Yaohui , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng
Published: May 2013

Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching, or GMPLS, is a suite of protocols to enable automated resource discovery, automated service provisioning and automated failure recovery. In recent years, a considerable number of efforts have been seen in the area of putting GMPLS into advanced networking/service environments. This is exemplified by the various research programs in the US, Europe, and Asia. In such programs, GMPLS has not only been used as a way to reduce management complexity and increase reliability, like the industry is doing right now, but also it is used as a new way for service provisioning. In this chapter, the authors first review activities in using GMPLS controlled optical networks in high performance computing environments. They try to identify the benefits, as well as the limitations in such networking practices. Then they introduce the past and on-going standardization work in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) about GMPLS network performance characterization and measurement. Finally, the authors present the performance measurement results from a number of deployed GMPLS networks.
Artificial Bee Colony Approach for Routing and Wavelength Assignment in Optical WDM Networks
Authors: Markovic Goran Z.
Published: May 2013

Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) of lightpaths in optical WDM networks is a challenging task that belongs to a class of complex combinatorial problems. To solve the RWA problem of realistic size, heuristic or meta-heuristic approaches have to be used. In this chapter, an artificial bee colony metaheuristic approach, known as the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO), is used to solve the RWA problem for static lightpath establishment in wavelength routed optical WDM networks. The BCO metaheuristic is tailored here to solve the Max-RWA problem in which the objective is to maximize the number of established lightpaths for a given number of wavelengths. Behind a comprehensive description of the proposed BCO-RWA algorithm, the numerical results obtained by numerous simulations performed over widely used real world European Optical Network (EON) topology are given and compared with some other approaches used to solve the same problem.
Applications of Computational Intelligence to Impairment-Aware Routing and Wavelength Assignment in Optical Networks
Authors: Martins-Filho Joaquim F. , Bastos-Filho Carmelo J. A. , Chaves Daniel A. R. , Pereira Helder A.
Published: May 2013

Computational intelligence techniques have been used to solve hard problems in optical networks, such as the routing and wavelength assignment problem, the design of the physical and the logical topology of these networks, and the placement of some high cost devices along the network when it is necessary, such as regenerators and wavelength converters. In this chapter, the authors concentrate on the application of computational intelligence to solve the impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment problem. They present a brief survey on this topic and a detailed description and results for two applications of computational intelligence, one to solve the wavelength assignment problem with an evolutionary strategy approach and the other to tackle the routing problem using ant colony optimization.
Wavelength and Routing Assignment in All Optical Networks Using Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Sarmiento Ana Maria , Castañón Gerardo , Lezama Fernando
Published: May 2013

Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) in an arbitrary mesh network is an NP-complete problem. So far, this problem has been solved by linear programming for network topologies with a few nodes, and sub-optimally solved for larger networks by heuristic strategies and the application of optimization algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), etc. In this chapter, the authors present the use of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to find near optimal solutions to the routing and wavelength assignment problem in real sized networks with up to 40 nodes and 65 connecting links. They compare their results to the lower bounds obtained by the Nagatsu’s method, finding them to be equal or very close (one wavelength over) to them.
Norms, Values, Argumentation, and the Limits of Rationality
Authors: Livet Pierre
Published: May 2013

In order to take into account the social and emotional context of a debate, we have to look beyond the end of the debate, and to extend the reflection about unaccomplished proposals, in parallel with the execution of the decided project. This requires taking as constraints some attachments to other values (some demands).
Rational Planning. Principles and Contexts
Authors: Picavet Emmanuel , Lafaye Caroline Guibet
Published: May 2013

Practical rationality, when collective choices are at stake, should certainly rely on principles. These principles are perhaps not without effect on our representation of the problems to be addressed in collective action. The authors investigate how this structuring role of pragmatic principles accounts for notable context-dependent features of governance procedures. In the field of social policies, for example, the enhancement of personal autonomy has come to the forefront of collective challenges. Capacity-based approaches indicate a way to put into question those conceptions of autonomy which lead to an excessively uniform treatment of individuals. Following these approaches, the beneficiaries of social policies should be treated as concrete beings with their personal history, living in specific social contexts and so on. The authors analyse the individualizing logic which is exemplified in interactive problem-structuring and institutional decision-making about the provision of apt, context-sensitive care and services for ageing handicapped persons. It is suggested that the sought-for adaptation to specific circumstances is made possible through a complex process of description of problems and challenges for collective action, in which procedural aspects are important. This process is by no means reducible to a passive process of adjustment to independent states of affairs. If the authors’ analysis is correct, there is no such thing as the “real” nature of individual situations, as opposed to the fictions associated with ordinary social policies: the process under scrutiny really redefines the nature of institutional interactions, responsibilities and the underlying picture of the individual person.
Ethical Issues of Emerging ICT Applications
Authors: Stahl Bernd Carsten
Published: May 2013

This paper concentrate on a proactive engagement with emerging information and communication technologies (ICTs) with the goal of an early identification of the ethical issues these technologies are likely to raise. After an overview of the emerging ICTs for the next future (leveraging the results of the EU funded project ETICA), the paper identify the possible ethical consequences. Then the emerging ICTs are evaluated from different perspectives for prioritizing technical and policy intervention on them. The question of governance is then addressed with a final collection of recommendations for policy makers, industry, researchers and civil society.
International Co-Operation and Intercultural Relations
Authors: Hosein Gus , Yalamova Maria-Martina
Published: May 2013

This article compares the notions of security and privacy as they are treated in international cooperation relations. While security seems to benefit from a global consensus, it does not hold true for the concept of privacy. This article argues for not addressing the privacy in the context of the issue of human rights, marked by recurrent controversies about cultural relativism.
Ethics and Governance of Nuclear Technology
Authors: Lavelle Sylvain , Schieber Caroline , Schneider Thierry
Published: May 2013

Radioactive waste, remaining radioactive for very long periods up to hundreds of thousands years, introduces a new time dimension never experimented in the field of risk management. This situation led for more than 10 years, to reflections on the societal and organisational mechanisms for the development of protection systems, able to cope with those periods. Within the framework of the European research project COWAM 2, dedicated to the improvement of governance of radioactive waste management in Europe, a panel of stakeholders involving experts, authorities, waste managers, locally elected representatives and NGOs, opened a dialogue on the ethical considerations related to the long-term dimensions of this management. This article presents the main results of this panel, with specific emphasis on the meaning of the long term and what is at stake, the ethical dimension regarding long term issues, and the continuity and sustainability of the vigilance and surveillance of radioactive waste facilities.
Governance Theory and Practice
Authors: Rainey Stephen
Published: May 2013

European political life involves a productive tension between liberalist and communitarian tendencies. This ’Libero-Communitarianism’ in the EU is the backdrop to various governance policies and potentials. This chapter develops a broad analysis of the governance setting in Europe and draws out some key areas of potential problems. This is based in the Ethical Governance of Emerging Technologies (EGAIS) project findings, and mirrors some of the issues flagged as ethically important in the field of emerging technologies. That such issues permeate European research and approaches to governance is testimony to their centrality and to the influence of Libero-Communitarian interactions.
The “Pragmatist Turn” in Theory of Governance
Authors: Loute Alain
Published: May 2013

In this essay, the author focuses on what Jacques Lenoble and Marc Maesschalck call the “pragmatist turn” in the theory of governance. Speaking of pragmatist turn, they refer to recent work by a range of authors such as Charles Sabel, Joshua Cohen and Michael Dorf, who develop an experimental and pragmatist approach of democracy. The concept of “turn” may raise some perplexity. The author believes that we can speak of “turn” about these experimentalist theories because these theories introduce a key issue, what we may call the question of “self-capacitation of the actors.” The author tries to show that this issue constitutes a novelty compared to the deliberative paradigm in the theory of governance. While the issue of collective learning is a black box in the deliberative paradigm, democratic experimentalism seeks to reflect on how the actors can organize themselves to acquire new capacities and to learn new roles. The author concludes in revealing the limits of this approach.
The Internet as a Normative Device for Cultural Practices
Authors: Mathias Paul
Published: May 2013

This paper aims to show that the Internet is not just a technical pattern and a normative framework aimed at producing and enacting otherwise defined cultural experiences. Information and communication technologies are complex programmed and interrelated functions eventually realised in the form of a cultural ecosystem – the Internet as such – and they do not simply form a web of industrially organised devices and services. It is then wrong to say that networks crush our minds and that nowadays acculturation prevails. The Internet is a cultural matrix generating new forms of meaningful interactions through the permanent and pervasive interconnectedness it allows for.
Habitus and Reflexivity
Authors: Revel Martine Legris
Published: May 2013

The author intends to explore the work that can be done by somebody on his/her own history in order to modify its course. Those questions have been largely debated. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Pierre Bourdieu’s thinking of those topics. He is concerned with the interiorization of social structures (habitus) and suggested self socioanalysis as a new way of highlighting them in 1991. Can somebody truly escape from social structure’s interiorization effects or even have an action upon them?
Competing Methodologies
Authors: Rainey Stephen
Published: May 2013

This chapter aims to construct a basis to move toward addressing lacunae in governance approaches in a way that is not merely ad hoc but rather is grounded in theory and that can affect practice in a positive way. Essential to this is the establishing of a problem clearly defined in order that it can be a problem understood. Here, the ground is cleared for proposals for ways to approach the specific problems we detect. In doing this, the ambition of treating them is rendered possible.
Adapted Approach for Omnidirectional Egomotion Estimation
Authors: Radgui A. , Demonceaux C. , Mouaddib E. , Rziza M. , Aboutajdine D.
Published: May 2013

Egomotion estimation is based principally on the estimation of the optical flow in the image. Recent research has shown that the use of omnidirectional systems with large fields of view allow overcoming the limitation presented in planar-projection imagery in order to address the problem of motion analysis. For omnidirectional images, the 2D motion is often estimated using methods developed for perspective images. This paper adapts motion field calculated using adapted method which takes into account the distortions existing in the omnidirectional image. This 2D motion field is then used as input to the egomotion estimation process using spherical representation of the motion equation. Experimental results are shown and comparison of error measures are given to confirm that succeeded estimation of camera motion will be obtained when using an adapted method to estimate optical flow.