bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clothing and Weapons of the Bukhara Oasis Population in the Second Half of the 19th Century in the Representations of Henry Moser
Authors:   Independent researcher, Gafforova Dilbar Kh.
Published: April 2021

This article analyzes the presentation of the Swiss orientalist and collector Henri Moser about the ethnography of the Bukhara oasis population. The main focus lands on his descriptions of clothing of the emirate’s upper-class representatives, the items of armament and the palace etiquette during Emir Muzaffar’s reign. The sources of the current research were photographs and essays of H. Moser, the catalogs of exhibits from the oriental collection in the Bern Historical Museum. The analysis of H. Moser's work leads to uncover certain features in the transformation of Bukhara Emir’s view on the wearing clothes which were considered luxurious at the time. The paper also reveals the features of the Uzbek-Tajik cultural symbiosis, which is reflected in the terminology that denoted items of clothing and weapons in the Bukhara oasis.
Socorro! Caí da Boca!: A Cultura dos Detentores de Cargos de Confiança – Um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Gil Gilson
Published: April 2021

O artigo efetua uma análise contextualizada de um segmento dos detentores de cargos de confiança do Governo do Amazonas, abordando suas crenças e valores, verificando alguns dos princípios norteadores de suas ações entre 2011 e 2016. Compreender o pensamento do servidor público é essencial para projetos de reforma administrativa e o debate sobre o papel do Estado no Brasil. A partir deste estudo de caso, futuras investigações poderão ser feitas de maneira mais apropriada, levando em conta as preocupações imediatas desse grupo específico do funcionalismo e interpretando algumas de suas concepções sobre o que seja participar da gestão pública.
Mikropol. Eller historien om det store i det små.
Authors: Fallov Mia Arp , Jørgensen Anja , Tølbøll Lene , Nielsen Rikke Skovgaard
Published: April 2021

I artiklen tages udgangspunkt i den rurale case om Lemvig, der nægter at være udkant. Det diskuteres, hvordan casen udfordrer gængse sociologiskeforestillinger om relationen mellem center og periferi og mellem metropol og det lokale. Vi argumenterer for, at det netop er karakteren af, hvad vi til dennelejlighed betegner som »mikropol« – den internationale orientering og en lokal social kultur, som kobler sig til globale flows – der tilsammen skaber detlokales resiliens. Analysen af Lemvig begrebsliggør den modstandskræft, der er med til at sikre lokal udvikling på trods af de urbaniseringskræfter, somskaber en stærk affolkningstendens i lignende områder. Artiklen trækker på en del af det empiriske materiale fra et igangværende Horizon 2020-projekt,COHSMO – Inequality, urbanization and territorial cohesion: Developing the European social model of economic growth and democratic capacity. Projektethar omdrejningspunkt i en europæisk sammenligning af forholdet mellem urbanisering, ulighed og territoriel sammenhængskraft. Fortællingernefra Lemvig viser, at den lokale kultur ikke kun er et spørgsmål om nødvendighedens politik i et område, der er strukturelt udfordret, men derimod, atstedskulturen er produkt af det særlige samspil mellem erhvervsstrukturen, størrelsesforholdet, historiske kulturelle stiafhængigheder og et aktivt lokaltmiljø.
Fælleshed som bynaturens sted: Metodologiske tilgange til familiært engagement i bygrønne fællesskaber
Authors: Christensen Anette Gravgaard , Krarup Troels , Juvik Amanda Krog , Laage-Thomsen Jakob
Published: April 2021

Med afsæt i den pragmatiske sociolog Laurent Thévenots begreb om »familiært engagement« præsenterer artiklen tre forskellige metodologiske tilgangetil bynatur som konkrete steder for det, vi kalder »fælleshed«. Hvor begrebet om familiært engagement i sig selv kan minde om »stedstilknytning« if.eks. psykologisk og geografisk litteratur, har teorien som sådan den fordel, at den kobler individuelle engagementer med et relateret begreb om socialkoordinering i form af »fællesheder«. Dermed giver den mulighed for at udpege det familiære engagements mulige samspil med andre former for engagement i byens grønne steder, navnlig et funktionelt engagement i planer og et offentligt engagement i retfærdiggørelse, indeholdt i den samme analytiske model. Spørgsmålet, som her belyses fra forskellige metodiske vinkler, er altså, hvilke former for relationer der findes mellem familiært engagement og fælleshed i bynaturens steder, og andre former for engagement og fælleshed (funktionelt, offentligt). Metodepluralismen over de tre studier resulterer i en generel pointe om forholdet mellem familiært, funktionelt og offentligt engagement i bynatur, og at man tager højde for de mange forskellige mulige sammensætninger af stedsrelationer og ikke søger at reducere disse til ét simpelt fænomen.
The role of basic laboratory parameters in diagnosing acute appendicitis and determining disease severity in the elderly
Authors: Yeni Mustafa , Peksöz Rıfat
Published: April 2021

Background: Abdominal pain constitutes the most common complaint for
geriatric patients who present to the emergency department, with nearly
20% suffering from acute appendicitis (AA). Although key for diagnosis,
clinical symptoms tend to be weak and atypical in the elderly.
Therefore, patients present late to health institutions. Hence,
prognosis and complication rates are worse in the elderly. Here, we
aimed to reveal the role of basic laboratory parameters in diagnosing AA
and determining disease severity. Methods: 143 elderly patients who
underwent appendectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were
divided into three groups based on AA severity as Group I: negative
appendectomy (n=15); Group IIa: uncomplicated appendicitis (n=79); Group
IIb: complicated appendicitis (n=49). Results: We found no difference
between the groups for age, sex, or comorbid diseases
(p>0.05). As the time of admission to the hospital
increases, the severity of the disease increases. Group IIb had higher
length of stay and complication rates (p<.0.05) Conclusions:
Preoperative WBC, neutrophil, NLR, MPV, CRP, and direct and total
bilirubin levels can be used as biomarkers to determine AA diagnosis in
the elderly. NLR, PLR, RDW, CRP, and direct and total bilirubin levels
can be used to determine the presence of complications in appendicitis.
Should renal pelvic urine culture be obtained routinely in flexible ureterorenoscopy?
Authors: Koras Omer , Yarımoğlu Serkan , Polat Salih , Gokalp Fatih , Sahan Murat , Eker Anil , Bozkurt Ibrahim Halil
Published: April 2021

Background: Preoperative bladder urine culture (PBUC) analysis has
become a standard application before any stone surgery. When growth is
detected in PBUC, it is contraindicated to perform flexible
ureterorenoscopy (f-URS). The results of the PBUC susceptibility test do
not correlate well with those of the renal pelvic urine culture (RPUC)
analysis. Previous studies have demonstrated the positivity of RPUC as
an important marker for the development of infections after endoscopic
operations. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the consistency
between PBUC and RPUC and to identify preoperative markers associated
with a positive RPUC. Methods: Data from 129 patients who underwent
f-URS on renal and proximal ureteral stones in two centers between 2015
and 2020 were prospectively recorded in a database and retrospectively
analyzed. PBUC was obtained from all the patients preoperatively, and
RPUC was taken at the beginning of the f-URS operation. The results of
the two cultures were compared. Results: There was growth in PBUC in 25
(19.4%) patients and RPUC in 35 (27.1%) patients. Possible predictive
markers in predicting a positive RPUC were evaluated using multivariate
logistic regression analysis. Preoperative urine density at the renal
pelvis [odds ratio (OR): 0.848, p<0.001],grade≥2
hydronephrosis (OR:18.970,p=0.001), and lower calyceal stone
localization (OR:0.033,p=0.017) were determined as independent
predictive factors for a positive RPUC. The ability of pelvis urine
density to predict positive RPUC positivity was evaluated using the
receiver operating characteristic analysis, in which the area under the
curve value was determined to be 0.858 (0.780-0.936). The cut-off value
of pelvis urine density in the prediction of RPUC positivity was 4.5, at
which it had 80% sensitivity and 77.7% specificity. Conclusions: PBUC
may not represent true colonization. Although bladder urine culture is
negative before the operation, patients with preoperative hydronephrosis
and low pelvis urine density may have RPUC growth.
Effect of high content of nickel and silicon on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Ni-Si alloys
Authors: Tao Ping , LU Ling , Xie Hui , Zhang Long , Wei Xin
Published: April 2021

Cu-Ni-Si alloys have been widely applied in electronic and electrical
industries.The effect of precipitation on the microstructure and
properties of the alloys are still not well understood. In this study,
Cu-Ni-Si alloys were prepared by hot-pressed sintering and elemental
copper powders, nickel powders and silicon powders as raw materials. The
results show that, there were no Ni-Si intermetallic compounds except
the δ-Ni2Si phase in the microstructure by hot-pressed sintered
preparation of Cu-Ni-Si alloys. And the distribution of the δ-Ni2Si
phase in the alloy was more uniform and smaller. After aging treatment,
when the mass ratio of Ni and Si were 2:1 and 3:1, the precipitation of
δ-Ni2Si phase was significantly less, and when the mass ratio of Ni and
Si were 4:1 and 5:1, the precipitation of δ-Ni2Si phase particles
increased significantly.The test results by electrical conductivity and
vickers hardness show that after ageing treatment, both the electrical
conductivity and vickers hardness of the alloys were greatly improved.
When the electrical conductivity was 39.33%IACS, the vickers hardness
was 230.95HV, and the Cu-Ni-Si alloy had the best comprehensive
performance.
Storage time effect on inoculated, osmodehydrated chicken meat-microbiological and chemical characteristics
Authors: Filipovic Vladimir , Filipovic Ivana , Markov Sinisa , Tomovic Vladimi , Sojic Branislav , Filipovic Jelena , Pezo Lato
Published: April 2021

In this research, chicken meat was inoculated with selected microorganisms and subjected to the osmotic dehydration process in two osmotic solutions, in an effort to investigate the effect of storage time duration on its microbiological and chemical characteristics. Total viable counts, numbers of Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, proteolytic bacteria, psychotropic bacteria, of microbiological, and biogenic amine content, TBARS and DPPH, and chemical analyses were conducted on meat samples stored at 22?C, during 14 days. During storage, the number of all tested microorganisms on meat samples decreased. The highest reduction occurred in the first 4 days. The meat dehydrated in molasses achieved better results of microbiological profile during storage. Results of TBARS and DPPH analyses indicated lipid oxidation after 14 days of storage, while the results after 10 days were satisfactory. Developed mathematical models allows good prediction of microbiological and chemical responses of dehydrated chicken meat during the investigated storage duration.
Cognitive Function in Adolescents and Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 1 Versus Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Shapiro Allison L. B. , Dabelea Dana , Stafford Jeanette M. , Jr Ralph D’Agostino , Pihoker Catherine , Liese Angela D. , Shah Amy S. , Bellatorre Anna , Lawrence Jean M. , Henkin Leora , Saydah Sharon , Wilkening Greta , Group SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Published: April 2021

Objective: Poor cognition has been observed
in children and adolescents with youth-onset type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes
(T2D) compared to non-diabetic controls. Differences in cognition between youth-onset
T1D and T2D, however, are not known. Thus, using data from SEARCH for Diabetes
in Youth, a multicenter, observational cohort study, we tested the association
between diabetes type and cognitive function in adolescents and young adults
with T1D (n=1,095) and T2D (n=285). Research
Design and Methods: Cognition was assessed via the National Institutes of
Health Toolbox Cognition Battery and age-corrected composite Fluid Cognition
scores used as the primary outcome. Confounder-adjusted linear regression models
were run. Model 1 included diabetes type and clinical site. Model 2 additionally
included sex, race/ethnicity, waist-height ratio, diabetes duration, depressive
symptoms, glycemic control, any hypoglycemic episode in the past year, parental
education, and household income. Model 3 additionally included Picture Vocabulary
score, a measure of receptive language and crystallized cognition. Results:
Having T2D was significantly associated with lower fluid cognitive scores before
adjustment for confounders (Model 1; p <0.001). This association was
attenuated to non-significance with the addition of a priori confounders
(Model 2; p= 0.06) and Picture Vocabulary scores (Model 3; p = 0.49). Receptive
language, waist-height ratio, and depressive symptoms remained significant in
the final model (p<0.01 for all, respectively). Conclusions: These
data suggest that while youth with T2D have worse fluid cognition than youth
with T1D, these differences are accounted for by differences in crystallized
cognition (receptive language), central adiposity, and mental health. These potentially
modifiable factors are also independently associated with fluid cognitive
health, regardless of diabetes type. Future studies of cognitive health in
people with youth-onset diabetes should focus on investigating these
significant factors.
Carotid Cross-Clamp intolerance during carotid endarterectomy in regional anesthesia
Authors: Majd Payman , Galkin Peter , Tayeh Mahmoud , Herzmann Thomas , Gores Michael , Kalmykov Egan , Ahmad Wael
Published: April 2021

During surgical endarterectomy, carotid cross clamping is needed for arteriotomy and plaque removal. Carotid cross clamping reduces the blood flow to the circle of Willis, and some patients show intolerance to the temporary occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA).
Aim. This study demonstrates locoregional anesthesias safety in patients with carotid cross clamping intolerance (CCI) and the risk factors that predict this condition.
Materials and Methods. All patients who underwent surgical carotid endarterectomy between January 2019 and December 2020 (n=53, 29 were male, age (median with range) 78 (56-90) years) were identified in a retrospective review. The indication for surgical treatment was made for a stenosed ICA of 70-99% or in the case of symptomatic stenosis.
Surgical technique. An incision is made at the front edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The common carotid artery (CCA) is identified and isolated from the surrounding tissues with sharp dissection and continued toward the bifurcation. Next, the internal and external carotid arteries can be isolated. Heparin (5000 U) is administrated intravenously, and the systolic arterial pressure is increased and kept over 160 mm Hg. In the next step, the cross clamping tolerance test is performed for 60 s. During clamping, the patient is neurologically meticulously observed. In the case of CCI, the operation proceeds with the insertion of a temporary shunt. The arteriotomy is started in the CCA and continues to the ICA. The plaque is completely removed, and the arteriotomy incision is covered with a patch. Before completing the suture, the clamps are partially removed to flush out the debris using the blood flow. Now, the external and common artery can be released. Finally, the clamp of the ICA can be removed.
Results. Eight patients had cross clamping tolerance test intolerance. In all these cases, the surgical procedure was continued with a shunt. The further operation course remained uncomplicated. The in-hospital mortality was nil, and a transient ischemic attack occurred in only one case. Coronary artery disease (CAD) [odds ratio (OR) 12.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-112.50], a history of cerebrovascular events [OR 10.50, 95% CI 1.83-60.30], and contralateral stenosis of 70% or more [OR 26.66, 95% CI 2.29-304.37] presented a significant association with the CCI and the need to shunt. The remaining factors showed no significant association with intolerance.
Conclusions. Regional anesthesia is a safe method for identifying patients with CCI and safely performing the surgical procedure. Contralateral stenosis of the ICA and a history of cerebrovascular events are significant factors to predict CCI.
MODERN THEORIES OF WRONGFULNESS: THE SWISS APPROACH
Authors: STEPANOV S.K.
Published: April 2021

This paper provides an overview of key concepts of wrongfulness in Tort law. The Swiss approach to the definition of wrongfulness has been analyzed. In addition, the article discusses the subjective and objective theories of wrongfulness. The author addresses the modern concepts of wrongfulness, allowing to achieve maximum flexibility in establishing tort liability.
A EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS NAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS FEDERAIS DA AMAZÔNIA: o Pacto Universitário e as iniciativas institucionais
Authors: Guimarães Queiroz Simões Helena Cristina , De Araújo Moraes Andrade Jemina , De Andrade Barleta Ilma
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta a politíca de Educação em Direitos Humanos (EDH), no âmbito da educação superior, e algumas estratégias de efetividade nas universidades, pertencentes à Amazônia brasileira.  A pesquisa parte da problemática sobre quais ações, em EDH, tornaram-se possíveis concretizar nas instituições superiores de natureza pública federal, especificamente nos eixos: institucionalização, ações afirmativas, núcleos, coletivos, cátedras e observatórios. É uma pesquisa documental, cuja base de análise é o Relatório sintético de iniciativas do Pacto Universitário pela Promoção do Respeito à Diversidade, da Cultura da Paz e dos Direitos Humanos, consolidado pelo Ministério da Educação, em 2018. Os resultados apontam que, embora seja um rol exemplificativo de ações em EDH, houve avanços institucionalizados, especialmente em relação à diversidade social amazônica, que podem ser replicados e que possuem um efeito de capilaridade na comunidade universitária, mas que é necessário maior troca de experiências entre as IES, para consolidação em rede.
O PLANO ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DO ACRE E A EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: análise e perspectivas do cumprimento da meta de universalização do ensino fundamental
Authors: Assen de Carvalho Mark Clark , De Araújo Calixto Josenir
Published: April 2021

A efetivação do Plano Nacional de Educação - PNE, Lei 13.005/2014, mantém uma estreita relação com a formulação e implementação dos planos estaduais e municipais de educação, posto que é nessas esferas de poder que o direito à educação pública pode vir a adquirir materialidade para alcançar a maioria da população brasileira, sobretudo, as crianças, os jovens e os adultos que ainda demandam por acesso à educação escolar. Assim, traduzir as metas e diretrizes nacionais para o âmbito das unidades federadas é uma das finalidades do Plano Estadual de Educação - PEE, o qual deve articular as demandas municipais aos grandes objetivos para a política educacional do país. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a implementação do PEE do estado do Acre, Lei nº 2.965/2015, considerando, principalmente, as suas metas referentes à ampliação do acesso às diferentes etapas da educação básica, frente ao fato de se estar ao término da primeira metade de sua vigência (2015 - 2020). O estudo se organiza a partir de análise documental, na qual são sistematizados os resultados alcançados no período citado e suas repercussões na dinâmica do planejamento educacional no estado do Acre. Busca-se, nessa perspectiva, extrair as incidências da agenda política do PEE na oferta do direito à educação, no que se refere ao ensino fundamental, etapa que deveria estar universalizada em 2016. Indica-se que o monitoramento e a avaliação do plano devem ultrapassar os limites de uma visão gerencialista, dialogando com as demandas educacionais da sociedade acreana, ante os desafios presentes para cumprimento das metas no cenário da atual política de manutenção e desenvolvimento do ensino.
Sonographic Assessment of the Fetal Heart Circumference as a Predictor of the Gestational Age
Authors: N Ntafam Carnot , Nwobi Ivor Chigozie , Otohinoyi David , Adedeji Okikiade , Dimas Joseph
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Ultrasound is a non-invasive
imaging modality, safe for both the mother and the fetus, which uses a high
frequency sound to generate images of body tissues and organs. It has been
widely used for fetal evaluation and dating.

Purpose: To determine normative values of
fetal heart circumference (FHC) as a predictor of the gestational age (GA) in
black population and compare it to those of the Caucasian population. Material and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study
was carried at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Nigeria. 324 women with a singleton pregnancy between 12-40 weeks, who conceived naturally,
were scanned using a 2D ultrasound machine with a 3.5 MHz curvilinear probe.
Two fetal heart diametersat right angle to each other were taken at the level of
the four-heart chamber view, during diastole.

Results: There is a strong positive linear
correlation between the FHC and the GA (r2= 0.964, p<0.001). The equation of
GA prediction is Y=0.246X + 5.06 (where y=GA, X=FHC). FHC weekly growth rate is
3.81mm. FHC is more accurate between 12-20 weeks GA and its accuracy decreases
as the pregnancy progresses. There is a strong correlation between FHC and
biparietal diameter (BPD) (r2=0.959), HC(r2=0.946) and FL (r2= 0.962).

Conclusion: The study has derived a nomogram of
FHC as a predictor of the GA in Nigerian population and has shown that the FHC
is a good predictor of GA especially in the early second trimester. Also, there
was a statistically significant difference between the FHC in our study population
(blacks) and those of the Caucasian population.
Razlike u stavovima o
klimatskim promjenama kod menadžera u turističkim smještajnim objektima različitih kategorija
Authors: Racz Aleksandar , Smolčić Jurdana Dora , Rotim Krešimir
Published: April 2021

U novije doba, više nego ikad ranije, klimatske su
promjene globalnog karaktera i ozbiljno determiniraju razvoj i budućnost turizma u širem obuhvatu turističkih regija i svijetu u cjelini. Klimatske
promjene ne predstavljaju samo hipotetski akademski izazov za čovječanstvo, već direktno utječu na sve aspekte ljudskog života, uključujući turizam, koji i sam postaje
globalni ekološki problem. U ovom radu fokus interesa
bio je usmjeren na istraživanje postojanja povezanosti između kategorije smještajnog objekta izražene zvjezdicama s iskazanim
uvjerenjima i stavovima menadžera o klimatskim promjenama i međuutjecaju klimatskih promjena i
turizma. U istraživanju je postavljena hipoteza
prema kojoj postoje znatne razlike u uvjerenjima i stavovima o klimatskim
promjenama i međuutjecaju klimatskih promjena i
turističkog smještaja, kao i o klimatskim promjenama
kao determinantama oblikovanja turističke ponude između menadžera u različitim kategorijama (dvije do pet zvjezdica)
turističkih smještajnih kapaciteta (hoteli, aparthoteli,
turistička naselja, kampovi ili marine).
Stoga je specifični cilj istraživanja bio utvrditi utječu li kategorija različitih turističkih smještajnih kapaciteta (hoteli,
aparthoteli, turistička naselja, kampovi ili marine) na
uvjerenja i stavove menadžera o pitanjima klimatskih promjena
i međuutjecaju klimatskih promjena i
turističkog smještaja, kao i o klimatskim promjenama
kao determinantama oblikovanja turističke ponude. Područje provođenja istraživanja bilo je prostorno određeno na cijelom području Republike Hrvatske i na ukupnoj
populaciji svih kategoriziranih turističkih smještajnih objekata, odnosno na 1084
kategorizirana objekta na dan 7. ožujka 2019. prema kategorizaciji koju je provelo
Ministarstvo turizma RH. Prikupljanje podataka bilo je provedeno metodom
e-anketiranja, pri čemu je od ukupnog broja poslanih
anketnih upitnika uredno bilo ispunjeno 283 upitnika, što je predstavljalo odaziv od 26,1
%. U skladu s postavljenom hipotezom i ciljem istraživanja dokazano je postojanje
znatnih razlika u stavovima menadžera koji upravljaju turističkim smještajnim objektima koji imaju različitu kategorizaciju, odnosno različit broj dodijeljenih zvjezdica, i
to po svim tvrdnjama o kojima su izrazili svoj stav, u sve tri komponente stava.
Uvjerenja i stavovi menadžera u smještajnoj turističkoj industriji funkcija su raznih karakteristika
smještajnog objekta, pri čemu snažnije proekološke stavove i veću razinu ekološke svijesti o klimatskim promjenama
i međuutjecaju klimatskih promjena i
turističkog smještaja, kao i o klimatskim promjenama
kao determinantama oblikovanja turističke ponude pokazuju menadžeri zaposleni u smještajnim turističkim kategoriziranim objektima s višom kategorijom, odnosno većim brojem zvjezdica.
Rugby femenino: Análisis de la ingesta de macronutrientes y líquidos
Authors: Valenti Karen , Carrió Maria Josefina , Ravelli Sandra
Published: April 2021

En los últimos años el rugby como práctica deportiva femenina, creció considerablemente. La ingesta de macronutrientes, líquidos entre otros factores influyen en el rendimiento deportivo. Una alimentación inadecuada, puede disminuir la performance deportiva.

Objetivo: Evaluar la ingesta de macronutrientes y líquidos, en rugbiers femeninas de club Querandi de Santa Fe, 2018.

Metodología: Se aplicó a 14 jugadoras de rugby amateurs, tres recordatorios de 24 hs, para determinar la ingesta energética, de macronutrientes y líquidos.

Resultados: La ingesta energética media de las jugadoras fue de 1832,17 (±553,23) kcal. El aporte de hidratos de carbono de 50,03 (±0,07) %, las proteínas de 14,97 (±0,04) % y las grasas de 33,93 (±0,06) % de las kcal totales para el deporte. En cuanto a los líquidos, el 85,71% de las rugbiers no alcanzaron las recomendaciones. El consumo promedio de agua fue de 769,06 (±323,17) ml.

Conclusión: Las jugadoras cumplieron con las recomendaciones energéticas, de hidratos de carbono y lípidos. Presentaron ingesta proteica elevada según las recomendaciones. La ingesta de líquidos fue inferior a las recomendaciones.
Turnout and Voting Methods in the United States - How Shiny is the Shining City?
Authors: Crawford Iain
Published: April 2021

This presentation combines and applies principles from both political science and geographic information science in order to gain unique insights into electoral politics and voter turnout in the United States. Missouri is used as a case-study because it has a longstanding history as a political bellwether due to its unique position straddling the historic North/South and the contemporary East/West divide; in addition its socioeconomic background closely mirrors national averages. Since the United States leaves the method of voting a responsibility of the counties, there is a discrepancy in the types of technologies used. This can result in some electorates being more prone to faulty machinery, which in turn leads to errors at the ballot box. In order to effectively answer the question- what was the effect that varying voting methods had on the turnout in Missouri during the 2004 Presidential election? - a multi-disciplinary approach must be taken which applies both a qualitative background to provide context and a strong quantitative element to provide hard empirical results. In order to address the quantitative element, due to the spatial nature of the data being used, regular statistical analysis is not possible without inviting inherent errors. Instead a variety of spatial statistics will be used to help address the hypothesis that counties which have lower voter turnouts will have less reliable methods of voting.
MORAL ORIENTATIONS OF STUDENTS᾿ PROFESSIONAL FORMATION
Authors: Khavula Roman
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The article considers the moral sphere of the individual as a necessary condition for the existence and effective functioning of man in society. It is emphasized that moral norms regulate interpersonal interaction, which is associated with professional activities, and morality is the basis for effective interaction between people.
Moral guidelines as a basis of maturity from the standpoint of the system-subject approach are analyzed. It is noted that moral values are formed on the basis of human needs, and value in general is formed in relation to the object that is able to meet human needs. Moral judgments are seen as a process of social decision-making based on numerous factors.
The generalization of the views of researchers dealing with the moral sphere of personality, allowed within the concept of moral development of personality, to distinguish three stages of moral development of the individual: pre-moral, conventional (guided by most members of society) and post-conventional, which requires the following factors: social contacts, high level intelligence, independence from authorities.
It is determined that morality is an individual property of the individual, based on the norms of morality. For the formation of morality it necessary to determine the following basic foundations of morality: biological, spiritual, social, pragmatic.
It is established that the highest level of personal and professional self-determination is the moral, value-semantic level, which has a great influence on professional self-determination and professional development of a person.
It is emphasized that moral guidelines as a tool of social regulation are a necessary prerequisite and resource for successful professional development and play a crucial role in the course of professional development and the effectiveness of professional activity. It is noted that the key stage of professional development in the study of moral guidelines is the acquisition of higher education. It was found that in the process of learning in adolescents, moral guidelines reflect the general ethical values accepted in society and serve as a basis for the formation of specific professional values  adopted in the profession, which is mastered by the student.
First Scientific Record for Sivas Aquatic Systems Related to Alien Fish Species:Small-scaled Pacu; Piaractus mesopotamicus (Teleostei:Characidae)
Authors: Ünver Bülent , Akdağ Durdu , Vicdanlı Saniye Müzeyyen
Published: April 2021

In July 2017, three specimens of an alien fish species were caught by the amateur fishermen in Kızılırmak River at Sivas city center. One of the fish specimens was taken from the fishermen for ichthyologic examination. The morphological, metric (23 features) and meristic characters (13 features) of this specimen were determined. The alien fish is with ovoid shape and flattened laterally. Mouth is in a sub-ventral position. The tooth row is double. Teeth formula are 3,2 / 2,3 (at first row on maxil) and 2 / 2 (at second row on maxil), 3,3 / 3,4 (at first row on mandibul), 1,1 (at second row on mandibul). The number of rakers on the first gill arch is 33. The scale numbers in line lateral are 107 (on right side) and 103 (on left side). The number of branched rays of dorsal, anal, pectoral, and ventral fins are 14, 24, 14, and 7; respectively. As a result of the evaluation of morphological, metric and meristic characters, it was decided that the alien fish caught from Kızılırmak was Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) belonging to the Characidae family. This species is also called as the small-scaled pacu. P. mesopotamicus is not among to native fish fauna of Kızılırmak. It is a fish species which originated from South America and is a tropical freshwater fish. These alien fish specimens which were caught by the amateur fishermen, probably translocated from a hobbyist aquarium to this aquatic system. Both directly and indirectly, invasive fishes affect a wide range of native organisms from zooplankton to mammals across multiple levels of biological organizations ranging from the genome to the ecosystem. This study is the first scientific record for Sivas aquatic systems related to alien fish species.
Learning During COVID-19: Rapid E-Learning Transition at a Regional Medical School Campus
Authors: Moore Ramey , Purvis Rachel , Bogulski Cari , Maddox Tina , Haggard-Duff Lauren , Schulz Tom , Warmack Scott , McElfish Pearl
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 has changed the day-to-day landscape of education for students, faculty, and staff worldwide, and this is especially true for students in health sciences and medical education programs. This paper explores the effects of the rapid shift to e-learning modalities for students at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, a regional medical campus located in Northwest Arkansas. A survey and open-ended written interview questions was conducted with a total of 144 student respondents and in-depth follow up interviews were conducted with 29 of those students. Utilizing descriptive statistics and qualitative descriptive analysis, the survey and interviews explored the effects of COVID-19 on the lived experiences of students as part of the transition to e-learning.  We found that 64.5% students reported satisfaction with the transition to e-learning as good or very good and the primary themes that influenced e-learning success for students were: Communication, technology, pedagogy, and community.
Medical School Campus Choice
Authors: Cathcart-Rake William , Fowler Brooke , Brown Chase
Published: April 2021

The factors that influence medical school choice have been the subject of previous reports but there is a paucity of data regarding the factors influencing a student’s choice between the main campus and a regional medical campus (RMC) in the United States. The authors surveyed current students and graduates of the University of Kansas School of Medicine (KUSM) rural RMC in Salina regarding those factors that influenced their decision to attend that campus and their satisfaction with delivery of their medical education and student support services. The authors identified three major factors influencing rural campus selection (important or very important in >75% of current students and graduates): small class size, quality of core clinical experiences, and working one-on-one with clinical faculty and residents. Salina met student expectations regarding the main reasons for selecting the campus but were disappointed with several other campus aspects, including: research opportunities, interest groups, academic counseling, mental health services, and residency counseling. The survey results provided impetus for optimizing recruitment strategies and improving campus support services.

 

The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
RAHASIA DAGANG MASAKAN CHAKE CIRI KHAS KULINER KABUPATEN SUMENEP (STUDI KASUS SAMPOERNA CATERING DI SUMENEP)
Authors: Anita Anita , Triasavira Meidy
Published: April 2021

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi cukup atau tidaknya suatu perlindungan hukum rahasia dagang atas suatu informasi bisnis pada suatu catering yaitu “Sampoerna Catering” di Kabupaten Sumenep. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum atas rahasia dagang pada catering tersebut sudah cukup, walaupun disisi lain masih ada kelemahan dan kekurangan. Kekurangan itu mencakup aturan-aturan formal dalam catering tersebut belum secara penuh melindungi resep rahasia dagang, kurangnya pengetahuan lebih yang dimiliki oleh pihak pemilik dan karyawannya mengenai Undang- Undang Rahasia Dagang yan telah mengatur segala sesuatu yang bersifat rahasia dan memiliki nilai ekonomi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya sosialisasi lebih mengenai Undang-Undang Rahasia Dagang karena minimnya pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh pihak pemilik dan lebih memperketat tata tertib dan segala ketentuan yang dapat mengakibatkan bocornya rahasia dagang tersebut.
تعظيم الارباح في انتاج الابواب بأنواعها المختلفة في اقليم كوردستان باستخدام اسلوب البرمجة الخطية (معمل المصطفى انموذجا تطبيقيا)
Authors: Ibrahim Semaher T. , Mahmoud Kawar B.
Published: April 2021

هدف البحث إلى تقصي كافة الإمكانات والمستلزمات التي تهدف إلى تطوير المشاريع الصناعية الصغيرة والمتوسطة القائمة في اقليم كردستان وذلك بهدف رفع القدرة التنافسية لتلك المشاريع وتحقيق الهدف الرئيسي منها وهو اقامة قاعدة صناعية رائدة ومتطورة تستوعب الامكانات المادية والبشرية الكبيرة المتوفرة فيه . ولغرض الوصول الى هذا الهدف فقد تناول البحث سبل تعظيم انتاج الانواع المختلفة من الابواب باعتبارها احدى الصناعات الصغيرة المهمة في الاقليم والتي تتوقف عليها العديد من اعمال البناء والاعمار فيها نسبة معينة من العاملين والمستثمرين . وترتبط موضوعة تعظيم الانتاج بمواضع اكثر شمولية تتعلق باستخدام تقنيات البرمجة Programming Techniques . ولعل البرمجة الخطية هي الاسلوب الامثل في تحقيق تلك الاهداف باعتبارها اسلوب رياضيا يستخدم لغايات التخطيط واتخاذ القرار الامثل من بين مجموعة من البدائل المطروحة في استخدام الموارد المتوفرة سعيا لزيادة الربح المرتبط بزيادة الانتاج وتعظيمه ، وكذلك تخفيض قيمة التكلفة الى ادنى مستوى ممكن في ظل محدودية الموارد المتاحة . كما يمكننا وصفها على انها اسلوب في غاية الاهمية لدعم متخذ القرار وتمكينه من اتخاذ القرار الامثل والصحيح بالاستناد الى الطرق العلمية .

ومن بين الطرق والاساليب المختلفة للبرمجة الخطية ، فقد استخدمت طريقة Simplex Method باعتبارها الطريقة الاكثر ملائمة للوصول الى الهدف المطلوب في ظل تعدد الانشطة المنتجة وهي الانواع المختلفة من الابواب ( العادي ، الصاج ، (DMF التي يقوم بإنتاجها معمل المصطفى الواقع في محافظة دهوك والذي تم اختياره كأنموذج تطبيقي ، اضافة الى وضوح العلاقة الخطية التي تربط المتغيرات المكونة للإنتاج والارباح في مثل هذه المشاريع الانتاجية . وقد استخدم في التحليل حزمة برامج Win Qsb التي تشتمل على الانواع المختلفة من ادوات البرمجة ومن بينها البرمجة الخطية . وقد خرج البحث بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها ان اعلى قيمة لتعظيم الارباح كانت في انتاج ابواب من النوع DMF وقيمته ((73.8667 دولار ، كما وان اقل قيمة لتعظيم الارباح بلغت 39.4667) ) دولار وكانت في انتاج الابواب العادية ، اما ابواب الصاج فقد تبين انها متوسطة الربح فقد بلغت قيمتها (54.6667) دولار. ان من بين اهم الاسباب التي جرى تشخيصها كمسببات لضعف المنتوج المحلي هي : (1) دخول كميات من الابواب المستوردة من خارج الاقليم خصوصا بعد عام 2003 وبيعها بأسعار تقل عن اسعار المنتج المحلي خساره جعلته غير قادر على الاستمرار في بعض قطاعات الانتاج في الاقليم ، (2) ضعف القاعدة المادية لنمو الصناعات المحلية الصغيرة ومن بينها صناعة الابواب وعجز الدولة عن دعم هذا القطاع الحيوي مما جعله غير قادر على الاستمرار في النتاج،)3) انقطاع الكهرباء الوطنية والارتفاع الكبير في اسعار المشتقات النفطية ادى الى ارتفاع تكاليف الانتاج وجعلها غير قادر على منافسة المستورد. وانعكس ذلك في عدم استقرار اسعار المنتج المحلي من الابواب على عكس اسعار المستورد منها.
Soluciones de Continuidad
Authors: Castillo Rosado Carlos Luis
Published: April 2021

La frase, “solución de continuidad”, es una locución adverbial que significa “interrupción, falta de continuidad o pérdida de la continuidad en una superficie”. Es una expresión relativamente confusa y poco intuitiva, por lo que a menudo se aplica de modo incorrecto con significado opuesto a lo que realmente se desea expresar, esto sucede incluso en textos universitarios; el uso más habitual de esta expresión se refiere a las heridas y a las cicatrices que son observadas en la piel o fracturas óseas y que a menudo son definidas como soluciones de continuidad. En las ciencias forenses y en la criminalística de forma más específica se define una solución de continuidad a los orificios o agujeros que se observan en las vestimentas de las personas relacionadas a un caso delictivo y las cuales son originadas por el paso de proyectiles disparados con armas de fuego y otros factores.Palabras Clave: Solución, Continuidad, Forense.
Protágoras contra Sócrates: valentía y conocimiento en Protágoras 349e-351b
Authors: González Varela José Edgar
Published: April 2021

Hacia el final del Protágoras, Sócrates y Protágoras disputan sobre si la valentía y el conocimiento (o sabiduría) son lo mismo. El primer argumento que Sócrates emplea para mostrarlo, y la respuesta de Protágoras, han sido objeto de mucha discusión y desacuerdo entre los especialistas (349e1-351b2). Me parece que ninguna de las interpretaciones disponibles de este debate es completamente satisfactoria, pues éstas tienden a favorecer exclusivamente a Sócrates o a Protágoras. En este trabajo presento una interpretación nueva, más equilibrada y completa, según la cual, tanto el argumento de Sócrates como la respuesta de Protágoras son razonables y válidos en el contexto del diálogo, y ambos consiguen, hasta cierto punto, su objetivo.
Szpinak – zdrowa, nieco zapomniana roślina
Authors: Malchrzak Wojciech , Gurbierz Jakub , Bula Karolina , Hradzki Szymon , Zdrojewicz Zygmunt
Published: April 2021

Spinach and its preserves have beneficial effects on the organism, associated with its dietary changes, but also affect by containing biologically active substances which directly affects the body’s tissues. The studies cited in this article have proven many effects of this interesting and, as it finds out, often undervalued plant. Water is the largest part of the spinach composition, however, it also contains carbohydrates and protein and it is linked with a rich source of valuable and necessary substances like microelements and vitamins. Storage, as well as the condition in which the spinach grew, has a large impact on its composition. Factors forming good development of this plant are organic farming, adequate lighting and growing season. There are many studies which are linked with beneficial spinach influence on nervous system, osteoarticular system, digestive system and endocrine system. Trials carried out on rats often prove rightness of hypotheses about beneficial and pleiotropic property of the spinach. Effect of local acting of spinach on teeth was examined, and it can diminish teeth hypersensitivity as well as potassium nitrate. In the other studies concerning about osteoarticular system impact of delaying osteoporotic changes associated with menopause, as well as formation of degenerative changes in the knee joints in rats. Another proved attribute of spinach is its beneficial influence on obesity. Spinach extracts by inhibiting hunger hormones and stimulating satiety hormones secretion can increase satiety level in comparison to placebo.
A Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework with SOC Topological Net for Catalytic Peptide Bond Hydrolysis
Authors: Wang Sujing , Tissot Antoine , Maurin Guillaume , Parac-Vogt Tatjana , Serre Christian , Ly Hong Giang T. , Wahiduzzaman Mohammad , Dovgaliuk Iurii
Published: April 2021

The discovery of nanozymes for selective cleavage of proteins would boost the emerging areas of modern proteomics, however, the development of efficient and reusable artificial catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis is challenging. Here we report the detailed catalytic properties of a microporous zirconium carboxylate metal-organic framework, MIP-201, in promoting peptide bond hydrolysis in a simple dipeptide, as well as in horse-heart myoglobin (Mb) protein that consists of 153 amino acids. We demonstrate that MIP-201 features an excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, a good tolerance toward reaction conditions covering a wide range of different pH values, and importantly, an exceptional recycling ability associated with easy regeneration process. Taking into account the excellent catalytic performance of MIP-201 and its other advantages such as 6-connected Zr6 cluster active sites, the green, scalable and cost-effective synthesis, and an outstanding chemical and architectural stability, our finding suggests that MIP-201 may be a promising and practical alternative to the current commercially available catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis.
Vesicular Release Dynamics are Altered by Interaction between Chemical Cargo and Vesicle Membrane Lipids
Authors: Asadpour Farzaneh , Zhang Xinwei , Mazloum-Ardakani Mohammad , Mirzaei Maysam , Majdi Soodabeh , Ewing Andrew
Published: April 2021

We used liposomes loaded with different monoamines, dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), to simulate vesicular release and to monitor the dynamics of chemical release from isolated vesicles during vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (VIEC). The release of DA from liposomes presents a longer release time compared to 5-HT. Modelling the release time showed that DA filled vesicles had a higher percentage of events where the time for the peak fall was better fit to a double exponential (DblExp) decay function, suggesting multiple kinetic steps in the release. By fitting to a desorption-release model, where the transmitters adsorbed to the vesicle membrane, the dissociation rates of DA and 5-HT from liposome membrane were estimated. DA has a lower desorption rate constant, which leads to slower DA release than that observed for 5-HT, whereas there is little difference in pore size. The alteration of vesicular release dynamics due to the interaction between chemical cargo and vesicle membrane lipids provides an important mechanism to regulate vesicular release in chemical and physiological processes. It is highly possible that this introduces a fundamental chemical regulation difference between transmitters during exocytosis.
Mechanism-Based Design of Quinoline Potassium Acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) for Rapid Amide-Forming Ligations at Physiological pH
Authors: Tanriver Matthias , Dzeng Yi-Chung , Lam Erwin , Bode Jeffrey
Published: April 2021

Potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) undergo chemoselective amide-forming ligations with hydroxylamines. Under aqueous, acidic conditions these ligations can proceed rapidly, with rate constants of ~20 M-1 s-1. The requirement for lower pH to obtain the fastest rates, however, limits their use with certain biomolecules and precludes in vivo applications. By mechanistic investigations into the KAT ligation, including kinetic studies, X-ray crystallography, and DFT calculations, we have identified a key role for a proton in accelerating the ligation. We applied this knowledge to the design and synthesis of 8-quinolyl acyltrifluoroborates, a new class of KATs that ligates with hydroxylamines at pH 7.4 with rate constants >4 M-1 s-1. We trace the enhanced rate at physiological pH to unexpectedly high basicity of the 8-quinoline-KATs, which leads to their protonation even under neutral conditions. This proton assists the formation of the key tetrahedral intermediate and activates the leaving groups on the hydroxylamine towards a concerted 1,2-BF3shift that leads to the amide product. We demonstrate that the fast ligations at pH 7.4 can be carried out with a protein substrate at micromolar concentrations.
Bent to Bind: Exploiting the Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) Receptor Plasticity to Design Pembrolizumab H3 Loop Mimics
Authors: Zaghouani Mehdi , zhao Guangkuan , Richaud Alexis , Wangpaichitr Medhi , Savaraj Niramol , Roche Stephane
Published: April 2021

Checkpoint blockade of the Programmed cell Death-1 (PD-1) immunoreceptor with its ligand 1 (PD-L1) by the monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab provided compelling clinical results among various cancer types, yet the molecular mechanism by which this drug blocks the PD-1:PD-L1 binding interface and reactivates exhausted T cells remains unclear. To address this question, we examined the conformational motion of PD-1 associated with the binding of pembrolizumab. The largely overlooked innate plasticity of both PD-1 C’D and FG loops appears crucial to closing in the receptor edges on the drug. Herein, we describe how PD-1 bends to initiate the formation of a deep binding groove (371 Å3) across several epitopes while engaging pembrolizumab. Our analysis ultimately provided a rational design for mimicking the pembrolizumab H3 loop [RDYRFDMGFD] as a PD-1 inhibitor. A series of H3 loop mimics were synthesized and their folding characterized by CD and NMR spectroscopy. As a result, a first-in-class b-hairpin peptide inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 interface was identified (IC50 of 0.6 ± 0.2 μM). Overall, this study demonstrates that the dynamic groove formed between the C’D and FG loops of PD-1 is an attractive target for the development of peptide-based PD-1 inhibitors.