bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness about diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sheth Neeti R. , Sareshwala Nabilah A. , Chaudhary Sushil G. , Matai Hiren D.
Published: July 2017

Background: Awareness about diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods: 50 patients of diabetes mellitus attending Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India, were randomly selected during January 2017 to March 2017. 11-point questionnaire obtained on detailed search of literature on published reports were administered by interviewers well versed in English and Gujarati.Results: Total of 50 patients were randomly selected.42%- females and 58% - males. Mean age - 58.5 years. Age range 40 to 71 years. Patients with good sugar control -26% and poor control - 74%. 94% of the patients were taking treatment for DM and 6% were not on any treatment. 48 % of the patients were illiterate, 10% were graduate and 42% had education below 12th standard. 50% were aware about DM affecting the eye .38% had taken eye treatment and 62% had not. 26% were aware of DM affecting eye inspite of good control and 26 % aware of the need of check-up in poor control. 40% aware of the complications related to DM.Conclusions: Better literacy rates is contributory to public awareness, however trend for poor practice needs to be radically changed with aggressive public motivation emphasizing the necessity of screening and follow ups.
Colour Doppler study of extra cranial carotid vessels in South Indian population
Authors: Kumari T. Muni , SadhanaBonda P. N. R.
Published: July 2017

Background: Colour doppler is non-invasive, cheaper and faster modality for evaluation of extra cranial course of carotid vessels. In evaluation of the extra cranial territory and its accuracy colour Doppler sonography was well established in comparison with angiography. Aim was to study the extra cranial carotid vessels by using colour doppler sonography.Methods: A total of 80 patients were examined by duplex sonography who were attending the medical department of Osmania medical college and hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, from June 2014 to December 2015.Results: Highest incidence of the carotid disease is in the age group of 30 to 60 years. Out of 21 positive patients 13 patients were males and 9 were females. Male to female ratio is 1.5:1. Spectral trace was obtained in all the patients and cardinal four velocity parameters were measured. Takayasu’s arteritis is found to be more common carotid disease second to atherosclerosis in present study.Conclusions: Principal cause of carotid disease in Present study is atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerotic plaques are mostly found at the level of carotid bifurcation and the internal carotid artery. We suggest that colour doppler is significant advancement in carotid diagnosis.
Recent pattern of drug sensitivity of most commonly isolated uropathogens from Central India
Authors: Lawhale Madhuri Ashok , Naikwade Rahul
Published: July 2017

Background: The objective of the study is to assess the latest antibiotic sensitivity pattern of most commonly isolated organisms in urinary tract infection (UTI). Widespread and irrational use of antibiotics has led to development of highly resistant microorganisms. As the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the microorganisms are frequently changing, this study was performed to assess the recent antibiotic sensitivity pattern in urinary tract infection among the human population.Methods: The study conducted from July 2016 to April 2017, in clinical microbiology laboratory, Sara Diagnostics (fully automated) laboratories, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.  3000 urine samples were studied. The processing of the samples were done by standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility was measured by disk diffusion test. CLSI guidelines were used for the antibiotic susceptibility evaluation.Results: Out of these, 1729 (57.63%) samples were culture positive showing significant bacteriuria. The most common bacteria isolated was E. coli (n=1040, 60.15%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (n=275, 15.90%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=210, 12.14%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=105, 6.07%) and Pseudomonas spp. (n=50, 2.89%) in this study. The study showed marked resistance to doxycycline, quinolones, cephalosporins and greater sensitivity to nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin, showing them better treatment options.Conclusions: The study confirmed, E.coli is still the most common bacteria to cause UTI, irrespective of geographical area. Nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin showed very high susceptibility to urinary tract infection pathogens, which include most commonly isolated gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive cocci, which were resistant to other various antibiotic groups. Thus, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin seemed to be promising drugs.
Microbiological profile of patients attending sexually transmitted infection/reproductive tract infection clinic in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chavan Sonal Prakash , Raut Sharmila Sanjay , Sharma Pragati , Khadse Ravindra Kashinath
Published: July 2017

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are an important public health problem worldwide. Growing spread of RTIs/STIs are an augmenting factor for HIV transmission. Due to lack of adequate laboratory infrastructure, there is limited data. Hence information regarding STIs lies essentially on syndromic basis.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study carried from June 2016 to September 2016 with sample size of 300 patients attending STI/RTI clinic. Various samples were collected like scrapings, exudates and swabs from ulcerative lesions for microscopy. Urethral, vaginal and cervical swabs for wet mount, gram stain and culture. Blood sample were collected for RPR, TPHA, ELISA HSV II, HIV, HBsAg. Processing and identification of organism as per NACO guidelines.Results: Out of total 300 cases, 255 (85%) are females and 45 (15%) are males. Maximum cases are from 25-44 years age group. Genital discharge syndrome is more common in females while genital ulcerative syndrome more in males. Coinfection with HIV is found in 17% cases. Herpes genitals (20%) is the most common causative agent for ulcerative STIs in males. VDS is the most common syndrome in Females. Candida (27.8%), G. vaginalis (12.2%) and T. vaginalis (3.5%).Conclusions: Viral and fungal STIs are more common than bacterial STIs. Targeted intervention and contact tracing as done for HIV should be effectively emphasised for STI/RTI also. Syndromic approach should be supplemented by Laboratory diagnosis for more effective outcome.
Role of topical steroid in primary treatment of childhood phimosis
Authors: Changole Sanjay , Dhane Smita , Agrawal Nilesh
Published: July 2017

Background: Circumcision has been the traditional treatment for phimosis, but with some controversies due to complications. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of topical steroid therapy as primary treatment for childhood phimosis.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted and a total of 100 patients (age- 3 to 12 years) of phimosis were enrolled. The management consisted of topical application of 0.05% betamethasone Ointment for 4 weeks. Those with partial response were advised additional 2 weeks of therapy. Failure to treatment cases were subsequently subjected to circumcision.Results: Total 100 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of 100 patients, 9 were excluded because of non-compliance and remaining 91 patients were studied and followed up. 85 cases out of 91 (93.4%) were declared a ‘success’; while remaining 6 (6.6%) were declared ‘failure’ and were subjected to circumcision. Of the 85 successfully treated; majority (70, 82.3%) responded within 4 weeks of treatment and 15 (17.6%) responded in 6 weeks. The highest number of patients who responded to treatment within 4 weeks were < 5 years of age (54, 93.1%) (p<0.05).Conclusions: Topical steroid (0.05% betamethasone ointment) is an effective, safe, conservative and non-surgical method of primary treatment of childhood Phimosis, especially when combined with good hygiene practices of foreskin with daily retraction and cleansing.
A clinical study of acute intestinal obstruction in adults-based on etiology, severity indicators and surgical outcome
Authors: Tiwari Saurabh J. , Mulmule Rajiva , Bijwe Varsha N.
Published: July 2017

Background: Patients with bowel obstruction still represent some of the most difficult and vexing problems that surgeons face today. While the adage, “never let the sun rise or set on a bowel obstruction” remains true, there has been a trend towards selective non-operative management of this problem. Aims and objectives were to study the various causes and modes of presentation of intestinal obstruction and to evaluate the importance of different severity indicators of obstruction with early recognition, diagnosis and thus timely abdominal exploration.Methods: 2 years prospective study conducted in PDMMC college, Amravati, Maharashtra, India, from September 2013 to September 2015. Each intestinal obstruction patient was evaluated with specific severity indicators, scored and then analyzed.Results: The commonest cause of intestinal obstruction in adults in this study series was adhesions in 33.33% cases. Other causes were mesenteric ischaemia, i.e. 7 (11.67%), Koch’s abdomen, i.e. 5 (8.33%), sigmoid volvulus, i.e. 5 (8.33%) and carcinoma, i.e. 5 (8.33%). Resection anastomosis was most commonly performed procedure in 45.7 % cases, followed by adhesiolysis in 14% patients. 66.66% patients having a score less than 3 were managed conservatively, 95.83 % having a score of 3 or more where operated on.Conclusions: The evaluation of patients endeavours not only to confirm the diagnosis but also to determine the need for and timing of surgery. Certain severity indicators and scoring systems can help to optimize this timing of surgery and prevent mortality.
Addisonian crisis complicated by rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury
Authors: Tahir Hassan , Nagadarshini Nagadarshini Ramagiri , Ullah Saad , Ahmed Arslan
Published: July 2017

Addisonian Crisis is an endocrine emergency requiring hospitalization and urgent management. The diagnosis is usually complicated by nonspecific sign and symptoms of primary adrenal insufficiency. A high degree of suspicion Is required in such cases. Rhabdomyolysis caused by addisonian crisis is a rare complication which was seen in our patient.
Repeat desmetopexy for large Descemet’s membrane detachment after phacoemulsification
Authors: Srirampur Arjun , Amula Gangaprasad , Kalwad Anupama
Published: July 2017

Descemet membrane detachment (DMD) is a potentially vision-threatening complication of cataract surgery. The incidence of DMD has been reported from 0% to 5% during phacoemulsification surgery1of it 0.5% are large and involve the central cornea. Descemetopexy is now accepted as the standard of care for the management of post–cataract surgery Descemet membrane detachment. The success rates with intracameral injections have been reported to be 90-95%. We report a case of a patient who underwent repeat descemetopexy with perflouropropane after failed initial descemetopexy with air for post cataract surgery Descemet membrane detachment. The patient had good visual acuity and clear cornea with Descemet’s membrane well attached at the end of 2 months follow-up.
Nasal carriage and recurrent pyodermas
Authors: Manimala Anu Cherian , Kurien George
Published: July 2017

Background: Pyodermas are one of the commonest clinical conditions encountered in dermatological practice especially in pediatric practice. Various factors like poverty, malnutrition, overcrowding and poor hygiene have been stated to be responsible for its high incidence. Recurrent pyoderma is another problem encountered by the dermatologist. Nasal carriage of S. aureus has been reported to be an independent risk factor for recurrent pyoderma. The anterior nares are the principal habitat and it has been estimated that some 20% of individuals are persistent nasal carriers; 60-70% are intermittent carriers, about 20% are resistant to nasal colonization.

Methods: A study was undertaken to know the common types of pyoderma among patients attending the dermatology OPD in a tertiary care centre in central Kerala. It was also aimed to study the correlation between recurrent pyoderma and nasal carrier state.180patients attending the OPD were studied. They were categorized depending on type of pyoderma. Swabs were taken from the lesions and anterior nares. The results were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: Of the 180 patients studied, 115 had primary pyoderma and 65 had secondary pyoderma. Most common primary pyoderma was impetigo and age group affected was <10 years. 59 patients had recurrent episodes of pyoderma. 43 patients had nasal swab positivity. Of these 43 patients, 30 patients had recurrent pyoderma which is statistically significant.

Conclusions: Primary pyodermas are more common than secondary pyodermas and impetigo is still the leading cause of pyoderma. High nasal carriage rates of S. aureus is an independent risk factor for recurrence of pyoderma. Treating the nasal carriage is equally important in the management recurrent pyoderma of the skin.
Marketplace Lending как инструмент диверсификации инвестиционного портфеля
Authors: Стародумова Юлия Алексеевна , Лобжанидзе Георгий Гочевич
Published: July 2017

В настоящее время существуют различные методы диверсификации инвестиционного портфеля с помощью наиболее традиционных инструментов, в данной статье авторами было предложен диверсифицировать портфель с помощью нового, быстро развивающегося инструмента Marketplace lending.
Организация и управление сферой государственно-частного партнерства в Индии
Authors: Иванова Анастасия Олеговна
Published: July 2017

В статье анализируются особенности организации и управления сферой государственно-частного партнерства в Индии, позволившие этой стране превратить ГЧП в действенный инструмент развития инфраструктуры и выдвинуться в лидеры развивающегося мира по уровню его развития. Исследуются такие важные элементы системы управления как доктринальное оформление политики, институциональная основа ГЧП, формирование специальных органов управления различного типа, организация ГЧП на региональном уровне. Отмечается, что особую значимость для успешного функционирования ГЧП имеет система государственного содействия развитию партнерства. В этом контексте рассматриваются ключевые направления и инструментарий такого содействия.
На основе анализа индийского опыта организации и управления сферой государственно-частного партнерства вносятся рекомендации о путях повышения эффективности государственного управления ГЧП в России.
THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH USED BY BROADCASTERS OF MUSIC PROGRAMS IN BANJARMASIN
Authors: Athiya Husnul
Published: July 2017

This article investigated about language used phenomenon in broadcasting field. It focused on why the broadcasters tend to mix their language with English while speaking. The subjects are four broadcasters from two radio stations, DBS FM and RRI Pro 2. The object is reasons of doing code switching into English during the broadcast. The writer uses recording, interview, and documentary techniques. After collected, the data are analyzed with theories and explained descriptive-qualitatively. The result shows that the reasons of using English are because they have been accustomed to saying those words in English, their perception of English as sophisticated language, they want to make variation on their broadcast, imitating someone, make special characteristics, forgot the Indonesian words, adjusting with the program and the listeners, and lazy to translate the script into Indonesian
Procedimiento para aplicar la cláusula general antiabuso
Authors: Sarmiento Mancipe Pablo Mauricio
Published: July 2017

Por décadas Colombia ha tenido una gran preocupación por el riesgo de la elusión fiscal, por esta razón el Congreso colombiano introdujo en su estatuto fiscal la Norma General Antielusión, mediante la Ley 1607 de 2012. Basándose en la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo y Procesos Administrativos y en la legislación tributaria, este trabajo propone un breve análisis para comprender la normatividad de la GAAR e identificar las diferentes etapas del procedimiento administrativo que permite su aplicación, pues la ley no reguló este tema. Sin embargo, para lograr este objetivo fue necesario investigar varias situaciones de naturaleza sustantiva de este instrumento jurídico, como su naturaleza jurídica, estudiar su finalidad en el sistema tributario, así como investigar el significado del concepto “propósito comercial”, porque es uno de los requisitos que deben ser interpretados, con el fin de detectar y corregir las operaciones que constituyen la elusión fiscal.
Geodiversidade e análise da paisagem: uma abordagem teórico-metodológica
Authors: Dantas Marcelo Eduardo , Armesto Regina Célia Gimenez , Silva Cássio Roberto da , Shinzato Edgar
Published: July 2017

A Geodiversidade consiste num novo campo de conhecimento derivado da geologia ambiental que visa proceder a uma abordagem abrangente do sistema abiótico envolvendo uma análise articulada e dinâmica entre rochas, formações superficiais, relevo e solos. O desenvolvimento de pesquisas em geodiversidade, a partir da década de 1990, gerou resultados promissores em geoconservação e gestão territorial no Brasil e no mundo. Todavia, é necessário consolidar o conceito de paisagem, tão arraigado na ciência geográfica, aos estudos de geodiversidade, para que haja um fortalecimento metodológico de tais estudos em base multidisciplinar. Este artigo visa uma avaliação epistemológica do conceito de paisagem e de sua importância teórica e metodológica para os estudos de geologia ambiental e geodiversidade, advindo da experiência acumulada pela CPRM – Serviço Geológico do Brasil, em sua missão de mapear a Geodiversidade de todo o território brasileiro.
O conceito de geoparque no Brasil: reflexões, perspectivas e propostas de divulgação
Authors: Onary-Alves Silvio Yuji , Becker-Kerber Bruno , Valentin Priscila dos Reis , Pacheco Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli
Published: July 2017

Geoparque é um conceito estabelecido pela UNESCO, mundialmente disseminado, para áreas demarcadas de expressiva beleza cênica e biodiversidade, patrimônio geológico, geralmente sob influência de populações humanas em um contexto de desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. Contudo, no Brasil esse conceito ainda é pouco difundido. Diante disso, este trabalho tem por vistas (1) refletir e discutir sobre o conceito de geoparque, por meio de comparações a programas bem sucedidos, frente uma das áreas candidatas no Brasil, “Geoparque Bodoquena-Pantanal”- MS; e (2) propor materiais didáticos que podem ser utilizados em espaços de ensino. A iniciativa da rede mundial de geoparques, estabelecida pela UNESCO, é capaz de impulsionar o desenvolvimento econômico e científico. Contudo, necessita de um bom planejamento e adequada equipe interdisciplinar. O até então único geoparque brasileiro (Araripe) mostra-se capaz de florescer e se desenvolver, mesmo em um contexto de problemas como tráfico de fósseis e pobreza. A área candidata no MS apresenta localidades com populações que desconhecem o conceito e que necessitam de intervenções educativas e sociais para resoluções de tais deficiências.
Geologia Eclesiástica no triângulo histórico paulistano: a diversidade geológica na divulgação das Geociências
Authors: Machado Diego Ferreira Ramos , Del Lama Eliane Aparecida
Published: July 2017

A Geologia Eclesiástica tem se desenvolvido por todo o mundo ajudando a preservar o Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural e a divulgar as geociências. Compõe o Geoturismo Urbano e tem ganhado espaço junto à atividade turística. São Paulo, entre as maiores megalópoles mundiais, não tem ficado para trás: rica em história tem muito a contribuir com esse segmento. O presente trabalho aborda o Triângulo Histórico da capital paulista, que em seus vértices conta com três igrejas (A Basílica Nossa Senhora da Assunção, pertencente ao Mosteiro de São Bento, a igreja de São Francisco e a igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo), além da Catedral Metropolitana e da igreja do Pateo do Collegio – sítio onde nascera a cidade há 461 anos. A descrição das rochas ornamentais presentes nas igrejas contribui com o direcionamento dos olhares científicos para este segmento que tem se feito crescer em todo o mundo.
Movimentos da crosta e relações entre Tectônica e dinâmica atmosférica
Authors: Faustinon Jackeline Monteiro , Carneiro Celso Dal Ré
Published: July 2017

Longas cadeias montanhosas exercem papel fundamental na dinâmica das esferas fluidas da Terra, pois o ar ascendente se resfria em zonas montanhosas e a umidade se condensa, causando precipitação orográfica e gerando aridez em zonas de sombra. Grandes áreas elevadas também aumentam a sinuosidade dos ventos na troposfera, participam do controle do albedo planetário e influenciam o balanço energético global. Esta síntese bibliográfica focaliza os efeitos na circulação atmosférica causados pela mudança dos limites das terras emersas e do relevo, em escala continental. Processos endógenos interferem nos padrões de denudação e nos ciclos da água e de elementos químicos como carbono e nitrogênio. Não há consenso, entretanto, no entendimento dessa dinâmica: vários pesquisadores atribuem papel decisivo da Tectônica de Placas nas alterações climáticas globais ao longo do Tempo Geológico, enquanto outros identificam apenas uma singela, porém intrigante, ligação. Apresenta-se proposta de atividade didática para visualização das interações entre o relevo e a atmosfera.
Total Moral Quality: A New Approach for Character Education in Pesantren
Authors: Baharun Hasan
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the concept of character education in pesantren which gives valuable contributions to the success of moral development for students. It also offers a different paradigm in developing the concept of character building in educational institution. This article is inspired by the lack of effective character learning in a variety of formal educational institutions. Hence, the schools which succeed in instilling character education can be used as a reference to develop character education. This study focuses on character education model developed by pesantren and offers an alternative perspective of the development of character education in Indonesia. This study adopts a qualitative research approach and uses a case study design. The study shows that the model of character education in pesantren is carried out through a multi-disciplinary approach so as to provide maximum results for the development of character education. This study suggests that the Total Moral Quality (TMQ) is the further development of Thomas Lickona’s concept of character education of moral modeling, moral knowing, moral feeling and moral habituation and is applicable in the school.
Poder, rigor y efectividad de una idea. El caso de la informalidad legal de los pobres
Authors: Iguíñiz Echeverría Javier
Published: July 2017

Pocas ideas y actividades han recibido elogios tan hiperbólicos como las presentadas en el mundo por Hernando de Soto respecto a la informalidad. Premios Nobel de economía, Presidentes de varios países, revistas muy importantes y organizaciones multilaterales han respaldado el impulso de este autor por el registro de las propiedades de los pobres, particularmente sus viviendas, como la clave para lanzar una revolución económica mundial desde abajo. En este artículo presentamos el respaldo institucional de esas ideas, la sustancia analítica de los principales argumentos relacionados con ellas, la precisión descriptiva de las instituciones que operan en el Tercer Mundo y los resultados de su aplicación. De esta manera evaluamos la relación entre la difusión y el poder de una idea con su contenido formal y su efectividad para cambiar el mundo de los pobres.
Asignación de trasplantes renales en México. Estimación de un sistema de puntaje
Authors: Calderón Gabriela , Elbittar Alexander
Published: July 2017

Por medio de la estimación de un sistema de puntaje implícito intentamos inferir algunos de los principios utilizados por un equipo médico en la asignación de trasplantes renales en México. Los resultados indican que los criterios vinculados a principios de eficiencia médica y posición en la lista de espera son los que determinan fundamentalmente la asignación final de los órganos.
Tenencia y uso de tarjetas de crédito en México. Un análisis de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 2006
Authors: Castellanos Sara G. , Garrido Daniel
Published: July 2017

Analizamos las decisones relacionadas con la tenencia y uso de las tarjetas de crédito de los hogares en México mediante un modelo de selección de muestra. Encontramos que aspectos del hogar como el ingreso, escolaridad del jefe del hogar y tenencia de activos colaterales se relacionan con la tenencia de tarjetas de crédito, como han documentado investigaciones anteriores. Además, la concentración de sucursales y terminales punto de venta (TPV) en la localidad también afectan esta decisión, como sugieren los modelos de mercados de dos lados. Sin embargo, en la decisión del monto gastado resulta significativa la concentración de TPV, no así el ingreso una vez que se considera su efecto en tenencia. Este nuevo resultado sugiere que en México el uso de tarjetas de crédito se promovería más por la expansión de la infraestructura de TPV que por el impulso de los "programas de recompensas" tradicionales de descuentos o transferencias de ingreso por pagar con ellas.
Amenazas a la independencia del banco central y su efecto en la inflación
Authors: Vargas H. Hernando , Betancourt G. Rocío
Published: July 2017

La falta de apoyo político para reducir la inflación y la existencia de graves amenazas a la independencia del banco central pueden inducir a una desinflación gradual por parte de un banco central comprometido. Dos hechos observados en Colombia, un proceso de desinflación gradual y las repetidas amenazas a la independencia del banco central por parte del gobierno y del Congreso, serán analizados a partir de un modelo teórico de dos períodos. El modelo está basado en el supuesto que el banco central es independiente y se compromete con la meta de inflación anunciada, a la vez que las autoridades buscan una solución discrecional e intentan eliminar la independencia del banco si la meta difiere de dicha solución. Estas amenazas afectan la capacidad del banco para comprometerse y dan por resultado un proceso de desinflación gradual con tasas de inflación más altas que las obtenidas en ausencia de dichas amenazas.
Los movimientos en el tipo de cambio y el comercio de leche en polvo entre México y los Estados Unidos. Un análisis de cointegración
Authors: Jaramillo Villanueva José Luis , Sarker Rakhal
Published: July 2017

Muchos analistas argumentan que el gran crecimiento del comercio de productos agroalimentarios entre México y los Estados Unidos puede atribuirse a los cambios en el tipo de cambio, la volatilidad del tipo de cambio y el Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLCAN). Este artículo cuantifica los efectos de los cambios en el tipo de cambio real entre México y los Estados Unidos, su volatilidad y el TLCAN en los flujos de leche en polvo entre ambos países y contribuye, con evidencia empírica, al debate de los efectos de los cambios en el tipo de cambio real y su volatilidad en los flujos del comercio de productos agroalimentarios. Para estimar una función de demanda de importaciones de la leche en polvo en México, se emplean el análisis de cointegración por máxima probabilidad y un vector de corrección de errores (VCE). Para guiar el análisis empírico, en este estudio se establece un modelo de maximización de la utilidad esperada y se estimó un conjunto de ecuaciones de forma reducida. Los resultados muestran que mientras los cambios en el tipo de cambio real tienen un efecto positivo en las importaciones de leche en polvo en México provenientes de los Estados Unidos, la volatilidad del tipo de cambio real tiene un efecto negativo en las importaciones, tanto en el corto como en el largo plazo. El TLCAN no tiene un efecto significativo en las importaciones de leche en polvo que México hace de los Estados Unidos.
Juan Carlos Moreno-Brid y Jaime Ros. Development and Growth in the Mexican Economy. A Historical Perspective, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009, 310 pp.
Authors: Sánchez Juárez Isaac Leobardo
Published: July 2017

La economía mexicana vive hoy en día un marcado proceso de estancamiento: el producto total durante el periodo 1982-2007 apenas ha crecido en promedio anual 2.4%, muy por debajo de lo alcanzado durante el desarrollo estabilizador o la etapa de crecimiento compartido. Con el producto per capita las cosas están todavía peor ya que en el mismo lapso se tiene un incremento de apenas 0.68%. Estos magros resultados han llevado, sin duda, a un aumento en el desempleo, la informalidad, la migración y en el peor de los casos a la criminalidad. El pésimo desempeño en materia económica está conduciendo gradualmente a una degradación de la sociedad; el estancamiento económico prevaleciente profundiza el estado de subdesarrollo de la economía mexicana y condena a millones de seres humanos a la pobreza.
Indicadores de desempeño, presión y vulnerabilidad de las finanzas públicas estatales en México
Authors: Mendoza Velázquez Alfonso
Published: July 2017

La vulnerabilidad y presión de los sistemas financieros es un tema latente en la práctica y estudio de la economía a la luz de la crisis reciente. Este artículo define la presión financiera de los gobiernos estatales como aquella ejercida por el desequilibrio financiero, el incremento del gasto corriente, la falta de inversión, la acumulación excesiva de deuda pública y su servicio. A partir de un análisis multivariado en este artículo se desarrolla seis índices que miden en su conjunto la presión en las finanzas públicas estatales en México de 2001 a 2007. Estos índices, no correlacionados entre sí, captan más de 80% de la variabilidad estadística observada en las finanzas públicas estatales en México y muestran la posición relativa de cada entidad federativa contra el resto de los estados. Entre otros resultados se encuentran factores de finanzas públicas que confirman la existencia de una correspondencia (trade-off) entre inversión pública y superávit y entre el ahorro y el gasto ordinario. El conjunto de indicadores obtenido en este artículo puede ser usado por el funcionario local para comparar la posición relativa de su entidad respecto a otros estados y por el regulador/supervisor para determinar la presión financiera que experimentan los gobiernos subsoberanos en México.
El papel de la liquidez en el efecto de la nueva información. El caso de Latibex
Authors: García C. José , Herrero Begoña , Ibáñez Ana M.
Published: July 2017

En 1999 se creó en España el mercado Latibex destinado a la contratación en euros de valores de las principales empresas latinoamericanas. Desde su creación este mercado se ha caracterizado por tener una menor actividad negociadora y menor liquidez que la existente en los mercados latinoamericanos de origen. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar si el efecto de la información trasmitida por el anuncio de ganancias trimestrales es diferente en ambos mercados, considerando los diferentes niveles de liquidez y actividad negociadora que presentan ambos mercados.Los resultados obtenidos confirman que el anuncio de ganancias es una información relevante para el valor de la empresa. Sin embargo, es en el mercado de origen en el que los precios se ajustan a la información trasmitida, y los cambios observados en los precios en el mercado Latibex son resultado de un proceso de ajuste mediante arbitraje a las variaciones en precios en los mercados de origen.
Análisis comparado sobre la crisis y los rescates financieros de México (1995) y los Estados Unidos (2008)
Authors: Espinosa Yglesias Centro de Estudios
Published: July 2017

La frecuencia de las crisis financieras en decenios recientes hace imperativo profundizar en su estudio, en particular en los puntos en común entre ellas, para inferir lecciones que puedan ser utilizadas por autoridades financieras, reguladores y por los propios participantes en un sistema financiero. Las causas de la crisis y la efectividad (o inefectividad) de la respuesta por parte de los gobiernos son aspectos esenciales por estudiar para determinar lecciones y recomendaciones. México y los Estados Unidos, además de compartir frontera y de sostener fuertes lazos económicos, sociales y culturales, han enfrentado en la historia reciente grandes crisis financieras que —a reserva de las diferencias de tiempo y del grado de refinación de sus respectivos mercados financieros— coinciden en muchos aspectos. El Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias (CEEY) ha reunido a un grupo de expertos en sistemas financieros y finanzas públicas para debatir el origen de dichas crisis financieras y la viabilidad de anticiparlas. Esto es en particular relevante porque enfrentamos un entorno en que los avances tecnológicos y la innovación financiera implican riesgos, debido a que muchas veces van un paso adelante de los reguladores y los supervisores financieros. Asimismo, se analiza las respuestas de las respectivas autoridades a las crisis, su efectividad y las opciones que podrían haberse aplicado. Finalmente, es de interés para el CEEY encontrar mecanismos que minimicen el riesgo de las crisis financieras y el costo de los rescates que les suceden.
Un oligopolio mixto con contratación endógena de administradores y titularidad privada nacional y extranjera
Authors: Fernández Ruiz Jorge
Published: July 2017

Este artículo analiza un oligopolio mixto en el que las empresas pueden contratar administradores y delegarles sus decisiones con fines estratégicos. A diferencia de investigaciones anteriores, examinamos un caso en el que una empresa pública compite con una extranjera y otra local, ambas privadas. Mostramos que estas dos empresas privadas se comportan de manera diferente: en equilibrio; solamente la empresa local contrata estratégicamente a un administrador que no persigue la simple maximización de ganancias. Esto conduce a un bienestar social mayor que el que se obtiene cuando ninguna empresa contrata a un administrador y que el que resulta de la competencia de una empresa local y otra extranjera, ambas dirigidas por administradores.
BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DENGAN PETA PIKIRAN DAN SELF-REWARD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BELAJAR SISWA SMP N 3 KARANGANYAR
Authors: Samseno Akhtiar Sigit
Published: July 2017

The research problem is there are students with low learning skills. Research purposes, (1) describe the implementation of group guidance in schools, (2) describe the skill level of student learning, (3) knowing the effectiveness of group guidance with mind maps and self-reward to learning skills. Experimental research methods, types of design randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Samples totaling 20 students of class VII were randomly selected low level of learning skills. The data collection instruments using a scale of learning skills. Analysis using Independent Sample T-test. The results of research (1) group guidance in schools has been done is not yet complete, (2) there is a category of students learning skills are low, (3) group guidance and with a mind map self-reward effectively increase the learning skills of students based on the significance of 0.000 <0.05 and an increase in the experimental group was 24.58%, 1.04% control group. Conclusions of this research, (1) the guidance group has done and has not been not maximal, (2) there is a category of students learning skills are low, (3) group guidance with a mind map and self-reward effectively increase students' learning skills.
Movement Operation Interaction System for Mobility Robot Using Finger-Pointing Recognition
Authors: Tamura Eichi ,   Tokyo Metropolitan University 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan, Yamashita Yoshihiro , Yamashita Taisei , Sato-Shimokawara Eri , Yamaguchi Toru
Published: July 2017

Finger pointing is an intuitive method for people to direct a robot to move to a certain location. We propose a system that enables the movement operation of a mobility robot by using finger-pointing gestures for an automatic and intuitive driving experience. We employ a method to recognize gestures by using video images from a USB camera mounted on a wearable device. Our method does not require the use of infrared sensors. Three movement commands for forward motion, turning, and stopping are chosen based on gesture recognition, face orientation detection, and an intelligent safety system. We experimentally demonstrate the usefulness of the system using a scooter-type mobility robot.
Decoding of emotional responses to user-unfriendly computer interfaces via electroencephalography signals
Authors: Yoshimura Natsue , Koga Osamu , Katsui Yu , Ogata Yousuke , Kambara Hiroyuki , Koike Yasuharu
Published: July 2017

When a user interacts with an interface such as a computer, its effects on specific biosignals may reflect emotional responses to the interface, providing a means to evaluate usability. Towards the development of an interface that can adapt its usability based on the user’s emotions, here we decoded electroencephalography (EEG) activity occurring during interaction with a user-unfriendly interface. Participants performed target-reaching tasks while irregular transformations were applied to cursor motion to induce frustration. Our results showed that differential signals from the frontal electrodes (AF3-AF4) were sufficient to classify between brain activities during transformed (frustrated) and normal cursor motion (non-frustrated). Functional magnetic resonance imaging during the same tasks showed significant activations in the middle frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal gyrus, and inferior parietal cortex, areas found to be related to negative emotions. Altogether, these results suggest that the usability of an interface can be measured from EEG signals, which could aid in the development of adaptive interfaces that increase its intuitiveness. 
A preliminary approach to study the behavior of human fingertip at contact via experimental test and numerical model
Authors: D'Angelo Maria Laura , Cannella Ferdinando , D'Imperio Mariapaola , Bianchi Matteo
Published: July 2017

How human fingertip deforms during the interaction with the environment represents a fundamental action that shapes our perception of external world. In this work, we present the proof of concept of an experimental in vivo set up that enables to characterize the mechanical behavior of human fingertip, in terms of contact area, force and a preliminary estimation of pressure contour, while it is put in contact against a flat rigid surface. Experimental outcomes are then compared with the output of a 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) of the human fingerpad, built upon existing validated models. The good agreement between numerical and experimental data suggests the correctness of our procedure for measurement acquisitions and finger modeling. Furthermore, we will also discuss how our experimental data can be profitably used to estimate strain limiting deformation models for tactile rendering, while the here reported 3D FE model has also been profitably employed to investigate hypotheses on human tactile perception.
Usage history of three mass comparators in the past 20 years
Authors: Ueki Masaaki , Sun Jianxin , Ueda Kazunaga
Published: July 2017

Since March 1996, three mass comparators have been used for mass calibrations of class E1 and E2 weights ranging from 10 g to 10 kg at National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ). These mass comparators are each equipped with four-position weight exchangers and carry out fully-automated mass comparison with relative sensitivities from 10-9 to 10-7. The mass comparisons among four weights, including repeated measurements, take a measuring time of 8 h or longer, so a series of mass comparisons can be made only once a day. Over about 20 years, at least 1700 mass comparison series for each of the three mass comparators and more than 5700 series in total havebeen performed. This paper describes the usage history of the mass comparators during the period from 1996 to 2016, along with some measures taken to maintain and improvetheir reliability.
Torque transducer with check standard combination
Authors: Sanponpute Tassanai , Wattong Chokchai
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to fabricate a torque transducer that has two measurement signals in order to simultaneously measure torque value and check its stability. The transducer has two sensing bodies aligned in the same measurement axis. The first sensing body was designed to be a measurement signal and the second sensing body was designed to be a check signal. The capacity of the check signal was designed at least two times larger than that of the measurement signal. Transducers with various capacity ratios of check signal and measurement signal with ratios 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 were fabricated. To confirm the assumption that the fabricated transducers are able to check stability by themselves, they were overloaded from 100 % to 800 % of their capacity. The experimental results showed that the function ratios of the check signal and measurement signal corresponds with the stability measured by a torque standard machine. Thus it can be used to predict stability. Stabilities of the check and zero signals are used to find the appropriate capacity ratio. It was found that the stability of check and zero signals showed drift caused by overload. Therefore, the capacity ratio should be designed at least 3:1 for transducers made of steel and 2:1 for transducers made of aluminum. A prototype of a torque transfer wrench was also made according to the concept of the torque transducer with check standard combination. Experimental results corresponds with results of the torque transducer. It could also check the stability itself.
PEMBEBASAN JAMINAN KEBENDAAN DALAM JAMINAN FIDUCIA
Authors: Harris Freddy
Published: July 2017

Fiducia merupakan lembaga jaminan yang timbul di dalam praktek sebagai suatukebutuhan masyarakat terhadap jaminan kredit benda bergerak selain gadai. Seiaktanggal 30 September 1999 pemerintah telah mengundangkan Undang-undang Nomor 42Tahun 1999 Tentang laminan Fiducia. Dengan adanya Undang-undang tersebut para praktisi dan pelaku usaha berharap bahwa ketentuan mengenai jaminan benda bergerak memiliki kepastian hukum, tidak seperti sebelumnya. 8eberapa permasalahan dapal terjawab oleh ketentuan-ketentuan yang termuat dalam undang-undang tersebut, namun timbul permasalahan lain yang diakibatkan oleh beberapa ketentuan dalam undang-undang tersebut yang kurang komprehensif, sehingga menimbulkan banyak penafsiran dan keraguan para pelaku usaha.Dengan demikian diperlukan pendapat para ahli agar implementasinya dapat berjalan dengan baik.
RISIKO INVESTASI PADA SURAT BERHARGA PASAR MODAL
Authors: Nasarudin M Irsan
Published: July 2017

Masalah risiko kita hadapi di setiap segi kehidupan. tidaklah saja terbatas dalamperasuransian, misalkan risiko kerugian terhadap bahaya kebakaran ataupun pencurian atas harta kekayaan yang kita miliki, namun juga risiko dapat timbul pada pelbagai obyek investasi, tanpa kecuali investasi di pasar keuangan (financial market). Setiap pemodal sejak awalnya harus memiliki kesadaran bahwa setiap investasi mengandung risiko, termasuk dalam hal inirisiko investasi dalam surat berharga pasar modal (SBPM). Oleh karenanya setiap pemodal murni yang akan berkecimpung di pasar modal, wajib memiliki kemampuan untuk dapat menganalisa prospek usaha dan kinerja Emiten, di samping menyadari pelbagai macam risiko yang mungkin dihadapinya di kemudian hari sebagaimana wajib diutarakan dalam setiap prospektus perusahaan go public (Emiten) sesuai peraturan perundangan yang berlaku.
ARAH KEBIJAKAN PEMBUATAN PERUNDANGAN TELEMATIKA INDONESIA
Authors: Mahendra Yusril Ihza
Published: July 2017

Penulis artikel ini mengulas arah kebijakan pembuatan perundang-undangan telematika diIndonesia. Menurut penulis, perkembangan teknologi informasi yang demikian cepat di Indonesia telah membawa akibat berupa perubahan cara berpikir dan berprilaku masyarakat dan birokrasi. Karena itu, untuk menghindari dampak negatif yang ditimbulkannya, maka penulis berpendapat perlu segera dipersiapkan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang telematika.
TRANSPARANSI BIROKRASI, PARTISIPASI RAKYAT DAN PERAN KONTROL LEMBAGA-LEMBAGA HUKUM DALAM PERWUJUDAN NEGARA HUKUM
Authors: Arinanto Satya
Published: July 2017

Peningkatan peranan lembaga-lembaga hukum dan berbagai institusi yang terkait dengannyaamat diperlukan dalam menyongsong datangnya era perdagangan bebas. Namun peningkatanperanan lembaga-lembaga hukum tersebut tidak akan ada artinya apabila para penguasa tidak menciptakan budaya menghormati hukum. Hukum tertulis yang berlaku akan kurang berdaya paksa dibandingkan dengan kekuasaan istana dan pemerintahan aristokrat.
ANALISIS KONFIGURASI PAJAK DAERAH DI KOTA DEPOK (T AHUN 2000 - 2004)
Authors: Sunarti Eka Sri
Published: July 2017

AbstrakThis research focuses on four questions and purposes, namely; (a) the greatof contribution of the local original income (PAD) to the Local Budget(APBD); (b) the great of contribution of the local taxes to the Local OriginalIncome (PAD); (c) variation of collecting different kinds of local taxes onany district in Depok City, and (d) the factors having impact on suchvariation. The research in Depok City in the consideration of the City statutehas just been given in the beginning of the effective of the Law No. 22 of1999 concerning Local Government and the Law No. 25 of 1999 on theFinance Balance between the Central Government and Local Government.This research is a qualitative research using data in five years period, from2000 until 2004. The data variations are limited on 2004. The secondarydata has been obtained through document studies such as local budget,annual report, local regulations and local monograph. The research resultsshow that the contribution of local original income (PAD) to the local budgetis still small. In this case means that Depok City is depending on centralgovernment's grant to carry out its services and society's development. Theother finding shows that the contribution of the local original income (PAD)resembles the contribution of the local original income (PAD). This casemeans that public service is unable to be fully carried out yet as expected bythe Law No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government. Beside that it is found thevariation of income on different tax among districts as the impact of thevariation of the district potential and condition of human resources workingat the Office of Local Income. Based on the research results, it isrecommended that it is necessary to make intensification rather thanextensification to the collection of local taxes and conduct a research on theperformance of human resources working at the Office of Local Income inDepok City.