bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical impact of MultiPoint pacing in responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Marques Pedro , Nunes‐Ferreira Afonso , Silvério António Pedro , Aguiar‐Ricardo Inês , Rodrigues Tiago , Badie Nima , Marcos Ivo , Bernardes Ana , Pinto Fausto J , de Sousa João
Published: July 2021

Background

Cardiac resynchronization therapy demonstrated benefits in heart failure. However, only 60–70% are responders and only 22% are super‐responders. MultiPoint pacing (MPP) improves structural remodeling, but data in responder patients is scarce.

Methods

A prospective, randomized study of the efficacy of MPP was conducted in patients who were CRT responders after 6 months of bi‐ventricular (BiV) therapy. At 6 months, responder patients (LV end‐systolic volume [LVESV] reduction ≥15%) were randomized to either continued BiV therapy or to MPP programmed with wide anatomical separation ≥30 mm, and followed until 12 months. Efficacy was determined by 6–12 month changes in LVESV and LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Evaluations of super‐responder rate (LVESV reduction ≥30%) and quality of life (NYHA, EQ‐5D, MLHFQ) were also performed.

Results

From February 2017 to February 2019, 73 CRTs with Quartet LV leads were implanted (42.9% female, 65.7 ± 10.8 years old, 79.5% dilated cardiomyopathy). At 6 months, 74.2% responded to BiV and were randomized to BiV (n = 25) or MPP (n = 24). MPP versus BiV delivered greater LVESV improvement (8.3% decrease in MPP vs. 10.3% increase in BiV patients, p = .047), greater increase in LVEF (7.7% vs. 1.8%, p = .008), and higher 0–12 month super‐responder rate (86.4% vs. 56.0%, p = .027). More MPP vs. BiV patients experienced an improvement in NYHA (84.6% vs. 50.0%, p = .047) and EQ‐5D (94.4% vs. 54.0%, p = .006).

Conclusions

MPP with wide anatomical spacing in CRT responder patients resulted in improved LV reverse remodeling with higher rates of super‐responders, and better quality of life metrics.
Imaged‐based phenotyping accelerated QTL mapping and qtl × environment interaction analysis of testa colour in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Zhang Shengzhong , Hu Xiaohui , Miao Huarong , Chu Ye , Cui Fenggao , Yang Weiqiang , Xu Sheng , Guo Jintao , Fu Chun , Song Xiaofeng , Hou Min , Qiu Junlan , Chen Jing
Published: July 2021

To explore the genetic mechanism underlying testa colour in peanut, three‐dimensional parameters, red (R), green (G) and blue (B) values were applied to define this trait. Image‐based phenotypic data of a recombinant inbred line population were collected from three environments and mostly exhibited continuous distributions and transgressive segregations. Significant and positive correlations, detected among RGB values and their broad‐sense heritabilities were 0.84, 0.94 and 0.87, respectively. Based on a previous high‐density genetic map, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed. Individual environmental analysis yielded eight associated QTLs, explaining phenotypic variation from 3.29% to 35.94%. A stable and consistent region detected for R and G values was identified, covering a genomic region of 116.78–118.94 Mb on chromosome 3. Multi‐environmental joint analysis identified 12 additive QTLs, with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of 1.88%‐34.65%. A total of 23 pairs of epistatic QTLs involving 30 loci were identified to regulate the RGB values of testa colour. Functional annotations facilitated mining the candidate genes for testa colour in the consistent QTL region.
Squamous differentiation in surgically resected malignant pleural mesothelioma with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Yotsukura Masaya , Motoi Noriko , Yoshida Akihiko , Yoshida Yukihiro , Nakagawa Kazuo , Watanabe Shun‐ichi
Published: July 2021

We describe a rare case of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) that developed squamous differentiation. MPM can present various patterns of histology, but squamous differentiation has not been reported in any surgically resected cases to date. The patient was a 50‐year‐old female without smoking habit who had right MPM and underwent pleurectomy/decortication after chemotherapy. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen found that the MPM contained squamous cancer cells with apparent keratinization close to the tubulopapillary epithelioid tumor cells. Squamous differentiation was recognized close to the mesothelial proliferation, and the topographical origin of the tumor could not be recognized in the lung. The tubulopapillary tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 5/6, Wilms tumor‐1, and calretinin, and negative for thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1), claudin‐4, and p40. Squamous cells were positive for cytokeratin 5/6 and p40, and negative for Wilms tumor‐1, calretinin, and TTF‐1. Loss of BRCA1 associated protein‐1 (BAP1) was observed in both the tubulopapillary and squamous tumor cells. Based on the loss of BAP1 and no history of smoking, we diagnosed this case as a rare differentiation of biphasic‐type MPM into squamous cell carcinoma.
Repairing the State: Policy Repair in the Frontline Bureaucracy
Authors: Masood Ayesha , Nisar Muhammad Azfar
Published: July 2021

Research on street‐level bureaucrats has identified their role as policy entrepreneurs through the adoption and advocacy of policy innovations. This article adds to this research by underscoring how street‐level bureaucrats use creativity and improvisation to find contextual solutions for emergent local policy problems in response to scarcity. We suggest that these practices of policy repair allow frontline bureaucracies to deal with personnel, process, and material scarcity and maintain public service delivery even in resource‐scarce environments. Using ethnographic data from Punjab, Pakistan, we show that this repair work is collaborative, client‐centered, and motivated by compassion and kindness. Our research indicates that emergent and improvised policy repair allows frontline bureaucracies to be resilient and responsive to scarcity and changing service demands. Our findings further suggest that inclusion of street‐level bureaucrats in formal policy decisions can help develop context‐specific solutions to emergent problems of public service delivery.

Evidence for Practice

Street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs) face multiple types of scarcity during policy implementation—material scarcity, where they do not have enough equipment or space for their work; process scarcity, where officially sanctioned menu of routines or procedures do not account for local situations; and personnel scarcity, where they do not have enough workforce or expertise for their tasks.

SLBs do policy repair—use creativity and innovation in their day‐to‐day work to find local and contextualized solutions for their localized service limitations, to overcome scarcity, and to deal with the vulnerability of bureaucratic systems.

Allowing SLBs to use creativity and improvisation for local and emergent problems can create more robust and resilient public service delivery systems.

Repair requires implicit and local knowledge of bureaucratic systems; inclusion of SLBs in formal policy decisions is necessary to develop context‐specific solutions to emergent problems of public service delivery.
How Can Servant Leaders Foster Public Employees’ Service‐Oriented Behaviors? A Multilevel Multisource Study in Canadian Libraries
Authors: Bentein Kathleen , Lapalme Marie‐Ève , Guerrero Sylvie , Parent‐Rocheleau Xavier , Simard Gilles
Published: July 2021

Servant leadership, a leadership style that focuses on leading by serving, is well suited to supporting frontline employees’ service‐oriented behaviors in the public sector. However, we still know little about how servant leaders shape these behaviors in this specific context. Drawing on social learning theory, relational identity, and service linkage research, this article addresses this gap and tests a model in which servant leadership is related to service‐oriented behaviors through customer orientation at the individual level and through service climate at the group level. The research hypotheses were tested, using a multilevel model, on a sample of 922 employees, 86 supervisors, and 9,547 citizens nested in 86 Canadian libraries. Results show that servant leaders are associated with high service‐oriented behaviors through the ability to strengthen individual customer orientation and service climate. Overall, this article highlights that developing servant leaders may help public organizations reach their goal of serving citizens better.
Genome editing and its applications in genetic improvement in aquaculture
Authors: Yang Zituo , Yu Yepin , Tay Yi Xuan , Yue Gen Hua
Published: July 2021

In the aquaculture industry, selective breeding has played an important role in increasing aquaculture production significantly. To meet the global growing demand for high quality proteins, it is essential to apply novel technologies to accelerate breeding to facilitate the increase in aquaculture production. Gene and genome editing technologies, including ZFNs, TALLENS and Crispr/Cas9, are promising tools to speed up genetic improvement. Among all the genome editing approaches, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is faster, cheaper and precise in editing genes/genomes. Therefore, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the editing of genomes in aquaculture species is emerging rapidly. It has been applied to precisely edit genes to identify gene functions and generate the preferred traits in over 20 aquaculture species. This review summarises the genome editing technologies and their applications in the rapid improvement of economic traits in the aquaculture industry. Challenges and future directions of genome editing are also discussed.
Environmental consequences of using insect meal as an ingredient in aquafeeds: A systematic view
Authors: Quang Tran Hung , Van Doan Hien , Stejskal Vlastimil
Published: July 2021

We retrieved data from various studies to investigate the consequences of insect meal production and insect meal‐based diets with respect to their environmental impact, including global warming potential, energy use, land use, water use, acidification, eutrophication as well as to economic fish‐in fish‐out ratio and solid waste output production. Analysis indicated that insect meals’ production exerted positive effects on land use but was associated with greater energy use and a larger carbon footprint compared to conventional protein sources. Substitution of silkworm meal (Bombyx mori) meals for fishmeal in aquatic animal diets significantly reduced solid phosphorus waste compared to insect‐free diets. In contrast, the inclusion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), housefly (Musca domestica), mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) has led, in comparison to insect‐free diet, to greater solid nitrogen waste. Reducing the proportion of fishmeal and, to a lesser extent fish oil, by various insect meals in aquatic diet formulations significantly reduces economic fish‐in fish‐out, indicating less marine forage fish required per unit fish yield. The simulated data showed environmental benefit associated with land use of insect‐containing aquafeeds compared to insect meal‐free feeds, especially insect species of M. domestica and T. molitor. In all, this study suggested a trade‐off of using insect meal as an aquafeed ingredient regarding environmental consequence. Since insect meal has excellent potential to supply protein for aquafeeds in the coming years, improvement in insect meal production systems and nutritional composition will be essential to make insect meal a sustainable aquafeed ingredient.
A good mix against ultra‐poverty? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Atiya , Bhattacharjee Anindita , Das Narayan
Published: July 2021

Existing evidence shows that programs that provide grants to productive assets along with training to very poor women increase labor supply, earnings, and consumption. In contrast, evidence on the effect of microcredit on these outcomes is mixed. In this paper, we examine the effect of a hybrid of the two approaches—credit and grant—on the livelihoods of the ultra‐poor in Bangladesh. A randomized evaluation of the hybrid intervention shows that it increases labor supply of working‐age women, household income, productive assets, savings, and consumption expenditures. The benefit–cost ratio of the intervention is estimated to be 8.47.
Dental decision‐making under general anesthesia for patients with disabilities: A qualitative study
Authors: McGeown Danielle , Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Whelehan Dale , Nunn June H.
Published: July 2021

Aims

This paper explores the variables which influence decision‐making processes in dentists providing dental care for people with disabilities under general anesthesia (GA).

Methods

Face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews were undertaken on a purposive sample. Audio recordings were transcribed and checked for accuracy. Using thematic content analysis methods open codes were developed inductively. Codes were analyzed further by three authors adopting a deductive approach, leading to final coding, sorting and themes, subtheme and framework development.

Results

Three themes emerged. The first theme explored Shared Decision Making, or lack thereof, as it influenced clinical reasoning. The second (Systematic, Analytical) and third (Intuition, and heuristics) themes explored features of clinical judgment as considered under dual process theory. Dentists primarily used intuitive decision‐making processes and heuristic styled processes (or cognitive mental frames) assisted in intuition to extract teeth, without engaging type 2 processes.

Conclusion

The dentists experience subtle modifiers to their decision‐making that ultimately promote extraction of teeth under GA for people with disabilities. Bias training, simulation and post‐hoc reflection are examples of recommendations which may be used to improve decision‐making in this area.
Does the Belief That Contraceptive Use Causes Infertility Actually Affect Use? Findings from a Social Network Study in Kenya
Authors: Sedlander Erica , Bingenheimer Jeffrey B. , Lahiri Shaon , Thiongo Mary , Gichangi Peter , Munar Wolfgang , Rimal Rajiv N.
Published: July 2021

The belief that contraceptive use causes infertility has been documented across sub‐Saharan Africa, but its quantitative association with actual contraceptive use has not been examined. We collected and analyzed sociocentric network data covering 74 percent of the population in two villages in rural Kenya. We asked respondents to nominate people from their village (their network), and then we matched their network (alters) to the individual participant (ego) to understand how their beliefs and behaviors differ. We asked about contraceptive use and level of agreement with a statement about contraceptive use causing infertility. We calculated the average nominated network contraceptive use score and the average nominated network belief score. Holding the individual belief that contraceptive use causes infertility was associated with lower odds of using contraceptive (AOR = 0.82, p = < 0.01); however, when one's own nominated network connections held this belief, the odds of using contraceptive were even lower (AOR = 0.75, p <0.01). Our findings show that this belief is associated with lower odds of contraceptive use and highlights the role that other people in one's network play in reinforcing it. Sexual and reproductive health programs should address this misperception at the individual and social network level.
A systematic analysis and prioritization of suicide prevention research gaps
Authors: Workman Don E. , Bellanti Dawn M. , Kelber Marija S. , Beech Erin H. , Smolenski Derek , Bush Nigel E. , Edwards‐Stewart Amanda , Skopp Nancy , Otto Jean L. , Garvey Wilson Abigail L. , Morgan Maria A. , Ojha Suman , Belsher Bradley E.
Published: July 2021

Objective

This study identified and prioritized research gaps for suicide prevention in the Department of Defense to inform future research investments.

Methods

The 2019 VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide was the primary source document for research gaps, supplemented by an updated literature search. Institutional stakeholders rated the identified research gaps and ranked the gap categories. We used Q factor analysis to derive a list of the prioritized research gaps and category rankings.

Results

Thirty‐five research gaps were identified and prioritized. The highest rated research gap topic was lethal means safety interventions and their effectiveness in increasing safety behaviors and/or reducing suicide‐related outcomes. Research on the effectiveness of crisis response planning and several other non‐pharmacological interventions (e.g., implementation of cognitive‐behavioral therapy, technology‐based behavioral interventions, and applications of dialectical behavior therapy to non‐Borderline patients) were also rated highly by stakeholders.

Conclusions

This work generated a list of priorities for future suicide research as evaluated by Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs stakeholders. Our findings can help guide the efforts of suicide researchers and inform decisions about future research funding for suicide prevention.
Young children's differential use of power during family conflict: A longitudinal study
Authors: Della Porta Sandra , Persram Ryan J. , Howe Nina , Ross Hildy S.
Published: July 2021

This study identified longitudinal and birth order differences in young children's use of power over a 2‐year period; the sample included 2‐ and 4‐year‐old (T1) and 4‐ and 6‐year‐old (T2) siblings (n = 39). Power was investigated via its use (i.e., actions) and effectiveness (i.e., successful actions) during naturally occurring polyadic family conflicts at home involving three or more family members (two children and at least one parent or two parents and at least one child). Observations were transcribed and sequences of polyadic family conflict (T1 n = 780; T2 n = 210) were identified and coded for power (coercive, reward, legitimate, simple, information) and conflict resolution (win‐lose, compromise, no resolution); win‐lose resolution was used as an indicator of power effectiveness, by isolating winning cases for the analyses. Differences in power use and effectiveness were revealed across both time points and birth order, namely between 4‐year‐old older siblings at T1 and 4‐year‐old younger siblings at T2. Results provide insight into young children's power behavior within the family context.
The Danish wound‐quality of life (Wound‐QoL) questionnaire: Translation and psychometric properties
Authors: Knudsen Jane Thinggaard , Johansen Charlotte W. , Hansen Alice Ø. , Eshoj Henrik R.
Published: July 2021

Hard to heal (HTH) wounds often result in a prolonged and painful healing process that affects different dimensions of patients' quality of life. Currently, there is no Danish patient‐reported instrument to help professionals and patients identify and measure these different aspects of quality of life. Wound‐quality of life (Wound‐QoL) is a German 17‐item questionnaire measuring dimensions of wound‐specific quality of life. The aim was to translate and cross‐culturally adapt the Wound‐QoL into Danish and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Translation was conducted in accordance with international guidelines. Validity, reliability and responsiveness were evaluated in accordance with the COSMIN guideline. The Wound‐QoL was successfully translated to Danish and content validity showed to be very good in a Danish context. A total of 172 patients with HTH wounds were included in the study and all participants completed the Wound‐QoL. Out of these, respectively 54 and 155 patients were included in the analyses of test–retest reliability and responsiveness. Correlations for construct validity (EQ‐5D‐5L vs. Wound‐QoL) ranged between 0.64 and 0.73. Cronbach's alpha values for internal consistency ranged between 0.77 and 0.92. Intra‐class‐correlation coefficients for test–rest reliability ranged between 0.73 and 0.88. Smallest detectable change scores at individual and group level ranged from 0.77 to 1.26 and 0.10 to 0.17, respectively. Minimal important change scores ranged from 1.20 to 1.33. Results of the responsiveness analyses showed sensitivity and specificity values between 56.1 to 62.2 and 57.7 to 63.2, respectively. In conclusion, the Danish Wound‐QoL is a valid and reliable patient‐reported outcome measure for assessing aspects of health‐related quality of life in patients with hard ho heal wounds. However, the Wound‐QoL demonstrated limited ability to discriminate between patients with clinically relevant improvements and patients that showed no changes. Thus, the responsiveness of the Wound‐QoL should be taken into consideration if to be used as treatment effect measure.
Fostering Apprentice Beauticians’ Visual Expertise Through Annotations: A Design Experiment Using the Platform Realto
Authors: Coppi Alessia Eletta , Cattaneo Alberto
Published: July 2021

Professional beauticians regularly perform skin analyses and should be skilled at observing small skin anomalies and skin damages. However, little is done directly for improving their observation skills at school, during their training. In order to foster apprentices’ observation skills of skin anomalies, a new training scheme exploiting annotations and attention-guiding methods through the use of the platform Realto was developed and tested.A second year class of apprentice beauticians (N=9) was given a pre-test on the visual expertise of skin anomalies. Then, for a semester they attended multiple training sessions where firstly teachers explained skin anomaly images with the help of annotations (attention-guiding) and secondly, students were asked to observe other images of the same anomalies, annotate them, and then provide a textual description of the identified anomaly.At the end of the semester, the trained class completed a post-test and a questionnaire, and group interview have been collected. Another group of apprentices (N=19) of the third year who already completed the skin anomaly course was used as baseline. Results showed that the group who participated in the treatment mentioned almost double the amount of details noticed by the baseline group in the post-test; being trained using annotations and the Realto platform proved effective in developing observation skills, compared to normal lessons. Furthermore, apprentices confirmed, both through the questionnaire and the interviews, that they considered annotations useful for improving their observation skills and that using Realto and its annotation facilities was a good way to achieve this result.
Cuestionamiento al indigenismo plástico peruano: el caso de Camilo Blas en la década de 1920
Authors: Villanueva Ccahuana Philarine Stefany
Published: July 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivos problematizar la naturaleza del movimiento indigenista plástico en el Perú y proponer, a partir de la producción pictórica de Camilo Blas durante la década de 1920, una manera de comprender el desarrollo de las apuestas estético-ideológicas que quedaron simplificadas bajo la etiqueta de “indigenistas”. Nuestra metodología se enmarca en la historia del arte como disciplina, es decir, abordamos la capacidad de expresividad de las pinturas (Fiesta andina, La cashua de 1924 y Hogar de 1926) desde su lenguaje específico y qué dice eso sobre la posición de enunciación del artista dentro de la historia plástica e intelectual peruana. Se encontró que es insuficiente calificarlo de indigenista tal como se concebía en esa década, porque, en vez de evocar al indio del pasado y congelado en el tiempo incaico, Blas lo actualiza dentro de la sociedad mestiza contemporánea. Por tanto, concluimos que existen sentidos que se han silenciado históricamente para sustentar juicios hegemónicos en ese periodo. Estos juicios se enmarcaban en el discurso dicotómico criollo, cuyo mensaje reivindicativo del indio peruano se dirigía a un tipo de indígena ideado fuera de la modernidad. En consecuencia, la representación de indígenas contemporáneos era invisibilizada, por lo que se desvirtuaban proyectos en esa línea, como los de nuestro artista. Nosotros planteamos que, en vez de un proyecto indigenista, él desarrolló un proyecto peruanista en clave moderna y popular, cuyos inicios se advierten desde la década de 1920.
Gaussian Process-Based Model to Optimize Additively Manufactured Powder Microstructures From Phase Field Modeling
Authors: Batabyal Arunabha , Sagar Sugrim , Zhang Jian , Dube Tejesh , Yang Xuehui , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2021

A persistent problem in the selective laser sintering process is to maintain the quality of additively manufactured parts, which can be attributed to the various sources of uncertainty. In this work, a two-particle phase-field microstructure model has been analyzed using a Gaussian process-based model. The sources of uncertainty as the two input parameters were surface diffusivity and interparticle distance. The response quantity of interest (QOI) was selected as the size of the neck region that develops between the two particles. Two different cases with equal and unequal-sized particles were studied. It was observed that the neck size increased with increasing surface diffusivity and decreased with increasing interparticle distance irrespective of particle size. Sensitivity analysis found that the interparticle distance has more influence on variation in neck size than that of surface diffusivity. The machine learning algorithm Gaussian process regression was used to create the surrogate model of the QOI. Bayesian optimization method was used to find optimal values of the input parameters. For equal-sized particles, optimization using Probability of Improvement provided optimal values of surface diffusivity and interparticle distance as 23.8268 and 40.0001, respectively. The Expected Improvement as an acquisition function gave optimal values of 23.9874 and 40.7428, respectively. For unequal-sized particles, optimal design values from Probability of Improvement were 23.9700 and 33.3005, respectively, while those from Expected Improvement were 23.9893 and 33.9627, respectively. The optimization results from the two different acquisition functions seemed to be in good agreement.
Application of Deep Transfer Learning and Uncertainty Quantification for Process Identification in Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Pandita Piyush , Ghosh Sayan , Gupta Vipul K. , Meshkov Andrey , Wang Liping
Published: July 2021

Accurate identification and modeling of process maps in additive manufacturing remains a pertinent challenge. To ensure high quality and reliability of the finished product researchers, rely on models that entail the physics of the process as a computer code or conduct laboratory experiments, which are expensive and oftentimes demand significant logistic and overheads. Physics-based computational modeling has shown promise in alleviating the aforementioned challenge, albeit with limitations like physical approximations, model-form uncertainty, and limited experimental data. This calls for modeling methods that can combine limited experimental and simulation data in a computationally efficient manner, in order to achieve the desired properties in the manufactured parts. In this paper, we focus on demonstrating the impact of probabilistic modeling and uncertainty quantification on powder-bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing by focusing on the following three milieu: (a) accelerating the parameter development processes associated with laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process of metals, (b) quantifying uncertainty and identifying missing physical correlations in the computational model, and (c) transferring learned process maps from a source to a target process. These tasks demonstrate the application of multifidelity modeling, global sensitivity analysis, intelligent design of experiments, and deep transfer learning for a meso-scale meltpool model of the additive manufacturing process.
Viability of Cryogenic Cooling to Reduce Processor Power Consumption
Authors: Nordlund Alec , Harrison Matthew , Gess Joshua
Published: July 2021

Through the application of cryogenic cooling via liquid nitrogen (LN2), the power consumption of a CPU was substantially reduced. Using a digitally controlled solenoid valve and an additively manufactured cold plate, the manual process of LN2 cooling was automated for precise control of cold plate temperature. The power consumption and frequency relationship of the processor were established across three different thermal solutions to demonstrate the effect of temperature on this relationship. It was found that power consumption of the processor decreased at lower temperatures due to a reduction in current leakage and the core voltage necessary for stable operation. This culminated in a reduction of up to 10.7% in processor power consumption for the automated solution and 21.5% for the manual LN2 solution when compared to the air-cooled baseline. Due to the binary nature of the solenoid valve used, flow rate was tuned via an in-line needle valve to increase thermal stability. It was found that for lower flow rates, approximately 5.0 g/s, temperatures oscillated within a range of ±11.5 °C while for higher flow rates of 10–12 g/s, generated amplitudes are as small as ±3.5 °C. Additionally, several tests measured the rate of LN2 consumption and found that the automated solution used 230%–280% more coolant than the manual thermal solution, implying there is room for improvement in the cold plate geometry, LN2 vapor exhaust design, and coolant delivery optimization.
Convective Heat Transfer of Laminar Swirling Pipe Flow With Viscous Dissipation Effects
Authors: Rocha André Damiani , Gallego Antonio Garrido
Published: July 2021

The oil-water-gas separation is a critical aspect of the treatment of production flows in the oil industry. The segregation of gas bubbles and/or water droplets dispersed in viscous oil by an in-line swirling flow separator has been considered by the oil industry for topside and subsea applications. For high viscosity oils, heat transfer processes can be affected. Works addressing these applications are rare in the literature. In this way, the article presents a numerical investigation on heat transfer characteristics in a decaying swirling flow, considering the effects of viscosity dissipation due to the high viscosity of the fluid. The flow has both velocity and temperature profiles developing simultaneously in a tube with a constant diameter having a uniform wall heat flux in a laminar flow regime, particularly the behavior of heat transfer characteristics for strongly swirling numbers considering viscous dissipation. Three swirl numbers (S = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.7) and five Brinkman numbers (Br = 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 10.0) were investigated and the effects of those parameters on the dimensionless temperature profiles, Nusselt number and viscous dissipation function were examined. The heat transfer analysis indicated that the swirling flow affects the fluid's axial and radial temperature distribution. They promoted increased fluid in wall temperature and bulk temperature and affected the local Nusselt number distribution.
Anisotropy Properties of Turbulence in Flow Over Seepage Bed
Authors: Sharma Anurag , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: July 2021

This present study analyzes the Reynolds stress anisotropy in the nonuniform sediment beds under the condition of no seepage and downward seepage flow. The results show the estimation of the deviation measure from the isotropic turbulence in view of Reynolds stress tensor for turbulent flow in the presence of seepage through the channel bed. The investigation presents the Lumley triangle for flow turbulence, Eigen values, and the invariant functions for the whole flow depth subjected to no seepage and seepage beds. The longitudinal profile of anisotropy tensor within the near-bed zone for seepage flow provides the higher anisotropic stream than those of no seepage flow, while the remaining (transverse and vertical) profiles of anisotropy tensor in the vicinity of bed for seepage flows provide lower anisotropic stream. The anisotropic invariant maps show the near bed anisotropy inclining to be a two-component isotropy subjected to no seepage and seepage flow. With the increase in vertical distance from bed surface that is close to the water surface, the data sets of anisotropic invariant maps for no seepage and seepage flows show a trend of one-component isotropy, while it has an affinity to develop a three-component isotropy in the vicinity of midzone of the flow depth. Invariant function data sets present a well two-component isotropy in the near bed region of flow and a quasi-three component isotropy in the outer region of flow for seepage flows as compared to no seepage flow.
Fabrication of high aspect ratio and tilted nanostructures using extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray interference lithography
Authors: Mojarad Nassir , Kazazis Dimitrios , Ekinci Yasin
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate the fabrication of metal and dielectric nanostructures using interference lithography with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray synchrotron radiation down to a 2.5 nm wavelength. These specific wavelengths are chosen because of the industrial relevance for EUV lithography and because they are in the vicinity of the oxygen absorption edge of the high-resolution hydrogen silsesquioxane photoresist, allowing for the exposure of thick layers. We investigate the requirements to fabricate such structures and demonstrate that tall metal nanostructures with aspect ratios up to 7 could be achieved by EUV interference lithography and subsequent electroplating. We use the unique depth-of-focus-free property of interference and achromatic Talbot lithography to fabricate uniformly tilted dielectric nanostructures.
Multitask convolutional neural network for acoustic localization of a transiting broadband source using a hydrophone array
Authors: Ferguson Eric L.
Published: July 2021

A multitask convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained to localize the instantaneous position of a motorboat throughout its transit past a wide aperture linear array of hydrophones located 1 m above the sea floor in water 20 m deep. A cepstrogram database for each hydrophone and a cross-correlogram database for each pair of adjacent hydrophones are compiled for multiple motorboat transits. Cepstrum-based and correlation-based feature vectors (along with ground-truth source bearing and range data) form the inputs to train three CNNs so that they can predict the instantaneous source range and bearing for other “unseen” motorboat transits. It is shown that CNNs operating on multi-sensor cepstrum-based feature maps are able to predict the instantaneous range and bearing of a transiting motorboat, even when the source is near an endfire direction. Also, multi-sensor generalised cross correlation-based feature maps are able to predict the range and bearing of a transiting motorboat in the presence of interfering multipath arrivals. When compared with the cepstrum-only CNN, cross correlation-only CNN, and the conventional model-based method of passive ranging by wavefront curvature, the combined cepstrum-cross correlation CNN is shown to provide superior source localization performance in a multipath underwater acoustic environment.
Probing nonmonotonic variation of terminal relaxation in star-linear blends with a fast slip link model
Authors: Shanbhag Sachin
Published: July 2021

Recent experiments suggest that the terminal relaxation time τ^b of star-linear blends varies nonmonotonically with the weight fraction of the star polymer in the blend ws [Hall et al., Macromolecules 52, 7831 (2019)], when the linear polymer is more viscous than the star; i.e., the ratio of linear and star viscosities rη=η0,l/η0,s>1. We used a fast slip link model called ecoSLM to assess whether slip link models, unlike tube-based theories, can correctly capture this trend. Simulations were performed on around 150 different star-linear blends where the average number of entanglements per star arm was varied between 8 and 25, and the viscosity ratio rη was varied between 0.1 and 1000. Results agree with experiments: nonmonotonic variation of τ^b with ws is observed only when rη>1 due to partial suppression of constraint release on the star polymers in the blend. In this regime, for a given star polymer, we found that the star weight fraction ws∗ corresponding to the blend with the longest terminal relaxation time τ^b∗ decreased with increasing rη. By extrapolating plots of ws∗ versus rη, we estimated an upper-bound rηub≈0.3log⁡η0,s+1.23, where the nonmonotonic variation of τ^b with ws is expected to subside. This prediction is directly confirmed in ecoSLM simulations with rη≈100−1000. Thus, we find that rη>1 is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for nonmonotonic variation of terminal relaxation of a star-linear blend with composition.
Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change for a Smartphone-Based Motor-Cognitive Assessment: Implications for Concussion Management
Authors: Howell David R. , Seehusen Corrine N. , Wingerson Mathew J. , Wilson Julie C. , Lynall Robert C. , Lugade Vipul
Published: July 2021

Our purpose was to investigate the reliability and minimal detectable change characteristics of a smartphone-based assessment of single- and dual-task gait and cognitive performance. Uninjured adolescent athletes (n = 17; mean age = 16.6, SD = 1.3 y; 47% female) completed assessments initially and again 4 weeks later. The authors collected data via an automated smartphone-based application while participants completed a series of tasks under (1) single-task cognitive, (2) single-task gait, and (3) dual-task cognitive-gait conditions. The cognitive task was a series of continuous auditory Stroop cues. Average gait speed was consistent between testing sessions in single-task (0.98, SD = 0.21 vs 0.96, SD = 0.19 m/s;P = .60;r = .89) and dual-task (0.92, SD = 0.22 vs 0.89, SD = 0.22 m/s;P = .37;r = .88) conditions. Response accuracy was moderately consistent between assessments in single-task standing (82.3% accurate, SD = 17.9% vs 84.6% accurate, SD = 20.1%;P = .64;r = .52) and dual-task gait (89.4% accurate, SD = 15.9% vs 85.8% accurate, SD = 20.2%;P = .23;r = .81) conditions. Our results indicate automated motor-cognitive dual-task outcomes obtained within a smartphone-based assessment are consistent across a 1-month period. Further research is required to understand how this assessment performs in the setting of sport-related concussion. Given the relative reliability of values obtained, a smartphone-based evaluation may be considered for use to evaluate changes across time among adolescents, postconcussion.
Hibernation-Promoting Factor Sequesters Staphylococcus aureus Ribosomes to Antagonize RNase R-Mediated Nucleolytic Degradation
Authors: Lipońska Anna , Yap Mee-Ngan F.
Published: July 2021

Ribosome hibernation is pivotal for the rapid recovery of translation after quiescence in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Ribosome hibernation factors sterically occlude the entry of mRNA and tRNA and are thought to primarily maintain ribosomes in a translation-repressive state, thereby providing a pool of readily recyclable 70S or 80S complexes upon dissociation of the hibernation factors.
Patterns of Gene Content and Co-occurrence Constrain the Evolutionary Path toward Animal Association in Candidate Phyla Radiation Bacteria
Authors: Jaffe Alexander L. , Thomas Alex D. , He Christine , Keren Ray , Valentin-Alvarado Luis E. , Munk Patrick , Bouma-Gregson Keith , Farag Ibrahim F. , Amano Yuki , Sachdeva Rohan , West Patrick T. , Banfield Jillian F.
Published: July 2021

Studying the genetic differences between related microorganisms from different environment types can indicate factors associated with their movement among habitats. This is particularly interesting for bacteria from the Candidate Phyla Radiation because their minimal metabolic capabilities require associations with microbial hosts.
Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research
Authors: Premeaux Thomas A. , Mediouni Sonia , Leda Ana , Furler Robert L. , Valente Susana T. , Fine Howard A. , Nixon Douglas F. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C.
Published: July 2021

Long-term effective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people with HIV (PWH) has significantly reduced the burden of disease, yet a cure for HIV has not been universally achieved, likely due to the persistence of an HIV reservoir. The central nervous system (CNS) is an understudied HIV sanctuary.
Drosophila
Antimicrobial Peptides and Lysozymes Regulate Gut Microbiota Composition and Abundance
Authors: Marra A. , Hanson M. A. , Kondo S. , Erkosar B. , Lemaitre B.
Published: July 2021

This study advances current knowledge in the field of host-microbe interactions by demonstrating that the two families of immune effectors, antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes, actively regulate the gut microbiota composition and abundance. Consequences of the loss of these antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes are exacerbated during aging, and their loss contributes to increased microbiota abundance and shifted composition in old flies.
Lung Epithelial Signaling Mediates Early Vaccine-Induced CD4+T Cell Activation andMycobacterium tuberculosisControl
Authors: Das Shibali , Marin Nancy D. , Esaulova Ekaterina , Ahmed Mushtaq , Swain Amanda , Rosa Bruce A. , Mitreva Makedonka , Rangel-Moreno Javier , Netea Mihai G. , Barreiro Luis B. , Divangahi Maziar , Artyomov Maxim N. , Kaushal Deepak , Khader Shabaana A.
Published: July 2021

Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death due to single infectious agent accounting 1.4 million deaths each year. The only licensed vaccine, BCG, is not effective due to variable efficacy.
Comparative Genomics Provides Insights into the Genetic Diversity and Evolution of the DPANN Superphylum
Authors: Li Liangzhi , Liu Zhenghua , Zhou Zhicheng , Zhang Min , Meng Delong , Liu Xueduan , Huang Ye , Li Xiutong , Jiang Zhen , Zhong Shuiping , Drewniak Lukasz , Yang Zhendong , Li Qian , Liu Yongjun , Nan Xiaolong , Jiang Biguang , Jiang Chengying , Yin Huaqun
Published: July 2021

The domain
Archaea
is a key research model for gaining insights into the origin and evolution of life, as well as the relevant biogeochemical processes. The discovery of nanosized DPANN archaea has overthrown many aspects of microbiology.
The Secret Life of Giant Viruses in the California Current
Authors: Abrahão Jônatas Santos
Published: July 2021

In the last few decades, the virology field has experienced a revolution in knowledge related to viral richness, diversity, and distribution in the oceans. Metagenomics associated with virus isolation methods have contributed to outstanding discoveries in marine virology.
Primary mammary actinomycosis challenged with penicillin allergy
Authors: de Leoz Josephine B , Suravajjala Devi , Rafeek Hashmi , Selvan Vani
Published: July 2021

Actinomycosis is a subacute-to-chronic bacterial infection caused by gram-positive, filamentous, non-acid-fast, facultative anaerobic bacteria. It is a normal commensal bacterium found in the oral cavity and the lower reproductive tract of women. We present a case of primary actinomycosis of the breast. A postmenopausal woman, complicated by penicillin allergy, presented with a left breast lump clinically simulating malignancy. The first line of treatment for actinomycosis is penicillin. Due to a penicillin allergy, the patient was initially treated with doxycycline. However, doxycycline was discontinued due to tremors, and was replaced by clindamycin. The patient had a good clinical response with resolution of the abscess.
Antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease with clinical and histological features that bridge the typical to atypical spectrum
Authors: Fouhy Fergal , Mayer Nick , Burke Louise , O'Shaughnessy Michelle
Published: July 2021

We describe antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and concurrent parainfluenza pneumonia. Circulating anti-GBM antibodies were barely detectable and disappeared rapidly following corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange. Kidney biopsy demonstrated strong linear GBM staining for IgG and IgG4 and unusually prominent endocapillary hypercellularity, suggesting ‘atypical anti-GBM disease’, although glomerular necrosis and crescents were also seen. When kidney function deteriorated further, despite persistently absent circulating anti-GBM antibodies, a repeat kidney biopsy was performed, showing crescents in 100% of glomeruli with ongoing endocapillary hypercellularity and strong IgG and IgG4 GBM staining. This case highlights complexities in the diagnosis of anti-GBM disease, with clinical and histological features bridging the atypical to typical anti-GBM disease spectrum. We hypothesise that these findings might be explained by the presence of IgG4 (rather than traditional IgG1 or IgG3) autoantibodies. To our knowledge, this is also the first report of parainfluenza associated with anti-GBM disease.
Marijuana-induced acute myocardial infarction in a young adult male
Authors: Verma Aakash , Nanda Vivek , Kabi Ankita , Baid Himanshi
Published: July 2021

A 27-year-old man presented to the emergency department of a tertiary care centre with complaints of acute onset breathing difficulty and retrosternal chest discomfort of 6 hours’ duration. On primary survey, he was dyspnoeic with a room air saturation of 85% and a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. A bedside ultrasound revealed an ejection fraction of around 40%, with hypokinesia of interventricular septum, left ventricular apex and anterior wall with bilateral multiple B lines in all lung zones. A 12 lead ECG showed ST segment elevation in leads V2-V6. He sustained a cardiac arrest. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved following high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After successful resuscitation, the patient underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention and recovered fully from the event. On further evaluation, an acute binge of marijuana smoking prior to the onset of symptoms was identified as the cause of the acute coronary syndrome.
Brown tumour mimicking skeletal metastasis
Authors: Parikh Pankti , Shetty Sahana , Rodrigues Gabriel , Bhat Shyamasunder N
Published: July 2021

Brown tumours of bone are highly vascular osteolytic lesions that depict a reparative cellular process instead of a neoplastic process in hyperparathyroidism (HPT) patients. These tumours have the potential to be aggressive and destructive. We report a case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with left thigh and lower back pain. The radiological evaluation showed multiple bony lesions in the pelvis and the spine, which mimicked multiple metastatic tumours. However, on biochemistry evaluation, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone were all high, while serum phosphate was low, indicating primary HPT (PHPT), which was confirmed by parathyroid scintigraphy showing left parathyroid adenoma. Hence, the bony lesions were diagnosed as brown tumours secondary to PHPT. The patient underwent parathyroidectomy and developed severe hungry bone syndrome requiring parenteral calcium infusion along with oral calcium and active vitamin D supplementation. The clinical symptoms of bone pain improved after surgery.