bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY OF GRAVIOLA (ANNONA MURICATA) LEAVES EXTRACT ON INDUCED BREAST CANCER IN RATS’ MODEL
Authors: Salem Areej , Abd El-Fadil Hosny , Al-Sayed Nagaah , Alazzouni Ahmed S. , El-Nabtity Sameh
Published: February 2023

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of invasive cancer in women. However, chemotherapy affects all cells that grow and divide quickly in the body, including cancer and normal cells. On the other hand, Graviola is commonly used as a source of food and has a wide range of bioactive components. In this study, out of 50 albino rats, breast cancer was induced in 40 rats using 7,12-dimethylbenanthracene (DMBA). These rats were subjected to the treatment using Graviola leaves ethanolic extract (GLEE) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) to evaluate the anti-carcinogenic activity and the immunohistochemical changes. A single oral dose of DMBA led to the induction of rats’ breast cancer. Induced mammary tumors were diagnosed, and all were malignant without any benign tumor. Among the malignant tumors, non-invasive, invasive, mixed (invasive and non-invasive), and unclassified malignant tumors were detected. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that estrogen and progesterone receptors revealed negative nuclear expression. However, HER2 receptors score was +3, and Ki-67 revealed 85-90% nuclear stainability, denoting a very high proliferative index. The morphometric analysis revealed that staining reactivities of HER2 and Ki-67 were 60.66 and 89.84%, respectively, and were significantly higher than ER (15.24 %) and PR (15.68%). Genetic studies revealed marked upregulation of P53 with GLEE more than 5-FU while Bcl2 showed down regulation with GLEE more than 5-FU. The quantitative analysis of GLEE phytochemical constituents showed the presence of some bioactive chemical compounds that exhibit many therapeutic activities. Therefore, GLEE improved histological appearance of DMBA induced breast cancer in female rats. Therefore, GLEE could be a promising natural alternative to chemotherapy agents as a potent anticancer.
ENHANCEMENT OF THE IMMUNE IESPONSE OF CHICKENS VACCINATED WITH ADJUVANTED LIVE NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS VACCINE
Authors: Shawky Yasmin , Hussein Ashraf , Salman Owais G. A. , Eid Amal A. M.
Published: February 2023

The poultry industry depends heavily on immunization, particularly with live attenuated vaccines. These vaccines are commonly not adjuvanted and can be either injected or delivered in birds’ mucosa. In the current study we evaluated the protective efficacy of adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted live Newcastle disease virus (LaSota strain) vaccines. Three non-adjuvanted live NDV vaccines were used to vaccinate three groups of chickens. The same immunizations were administered to three additional groups employing adjuvant technology where a mucosal adjuvant (Montanide TM IMS 1313 nanoparticles) was used. Under experimental conditions, humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed, and challenge test was done for evaluation of the vaccine efficacy in the vaccinated chickens. RT qPCR was used for determination of viral shedding in oropharyngeal swabs of challenged chickens. Mucosal nanoparticles adjuvanted live NDV vaccines significantly improved the antibody titer and the cell mediated immune response in comparison with the non-adjuvanted ones. In the challenged chicken groups with highly virulent NDV sub-genotype VIId at the third week post vaccination, the Montanide adjuvanted vaccines were fully protective and prevention of virus shedding was also noticed while the protection rate of non-adjuvanted vaccines ranged from 90% to 100% and the virus shedding was reduced. The study indicated that, efficacy of live vaccines could be improved by using Montanide™ IMS 1313 nanoparticles adjuvant in a model of mucosal delivery of live NDV vaccine in chickens.
PREVALENCE AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Sarcocystis fusiformis IN WATER BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis) IN TWO NORTHERN PROVINCES OF EGYPT
Authors: Menshawy Soad M. , Essa Bothaina H. , Shaaban Sabah I. , Hamada Mohamed , Mahmoud Sahar F. , AbouLaila Mahmoud , Sorour Shimaa S.
Published: February 2023

Sarcocystosis considerably occurs in a wide host range including animals, reptiles, humans, and birds. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. using abattoir inspection, genetic characterization, as well as histopathology in water buffaloes in two provinces, Elbehera and Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. Specimens were collected from esophagus, tongue, and masseters of 400 slaughtered buffaloes in Elbehera (n= 215) and Kafrelsheikh (n= 185). Samples were examined macroscopically and histopathologically. Furthermore, genetic characterization of Sarcocystis spp. was performed using the 18SrRNA gene-based PCR. The total prevalence was 71.0% (75.3% and 65.9% in Elbehera and Kafrelsheikh, respectively). Aged buffaloes had a higher prevalence than young ones. Females had a higher prevalence than males. The esophagus was the most infected organ. Molecular analysis revealed that the recovered species was S. fusiformis. This is the first genetic characterization of S. fusiformis in water buffaloes from Elbehera and Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. Higher prevalence proposed the potential role of cats in the transmission of S. fusiformis, which, in turn, requires strict hygienic measures to protect animals and humans from infection.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION SOME BACTERIAL PATHOGENS CAUSING BOVINE MASTITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO Mycoplasma bovis
Authors: Ahmed Sahar O. , Abou-Khadra Sally H. , SAAD Alaa S. , Nagati Sultan F.
Published: February 2023

In dairy industry, bovine mastitis is the most prevalent disease, which reduces milk production and causes economic losses. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis and some bacteria causing mastitis in dairy farms and partial sequencing of 16SrRNA target genes and Quinolones Resistance Determining Regions (QRDRs) (gyrA and parC) in M. bovis isolates. 370 milk samples were obtained from farms located in villages in Fayoum governorate, Egypt. The examined milk samples (8,91%) were positive for the California mastitis test (CMT). Multiplex RT-PCR was used for the recognition of microorganisms causing mastitis (Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Streptococcus species (spp.), Escherichia (E.) coli, and Mycoplasma (M.) bovis) from mastitic milk. The results revealed that E. coli was the most predominant (84.8%) followed by S. aureus (81.8%) while M. bovis was the lowest one (51.5%). Mixed infection with two or more mastitic bacterial agents was also identified. All 33 examined mastitic milk samples were diagnosed with mixed infection with E. coli, S. aureus, Streptococcus spp. and M. bovis (36.36%), E. coli and S. aureus (21.21%), and rephrase E. coli, M. bovis, and Streptococcus spp. (6.06%). The sequence analysis of M. bovis 16SrRNA genes illustrated a high similarity of examined isolates to strains previously deposited in the GenBank recovered from the same locality. The gyrA amino acids showed no substitution but showed 100% similarity with M. bovis isolates worldwide. However, the amino acid sequence of parC, showed substitution at positions 2 (Gln to Arg) (CAG >>CGT), 75 (Ile to Ser) (ATT>>AGC), and 79 (Asn to Asp) (AAC>>GAT). Sequence results can lead to the creation of appropriate treatment and control measures for M. bovis, while multiplex RT-PCR, can be exploited as a standard diagnostic method for major mastitis pathogens.
THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY EUBIOTICS OR INTRAVENOUS AMINO ACID INFUSIONS ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, RUMEN FERMENTATION, PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF BUFFALO CALVES UNDER SUBTROPICAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Abdel-Raheem Sherief M. , Mohamed Ghada A. E. , Monzaly Hayam M. A. , Farghaly Mohsen M.
Published: February 2023

This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary eubiotics or intravenous amino acid infusions (IVAAI) as two different growth promoters on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, performance, and blood biochemical parameters of buffalo calves in subtropical climatic conditions. Thirty male buffalo calves (284.40 ± 18.45 kg) were randomly distributed into three groups and fed a basal diet (BD) of concentrate feed mixture and roughages. The first group was fed BD and considered as the control, the second group was fed the BD supplemented with eubiotics at 1.0 kg/ton of concentrate, whereas the third group was intravenously infused with amino acid (IVAAI) injection at a dose of 2.0 ml/100 kg body weight. Results showed that the total gain and the average daily gain were improved (P < 0.05) with dietary eubiotics. The digestibility of some nutrients was increased (P < 0.05) with dietary addition of eubiotics. In addition, eubiotics stabilize (P < 0.05) the rumen pH, which reduce the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis but increased (P < 0.05) ruminal NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids. The rectal temperature was decreased (P < 0.05) with eubiotics supplementation.  In conclusion, the use of eubiotics induced superior positive effects on the digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation, rumen enzymes, rumen protein concentration, growth performance, feed conversion, blood parameters and ameliorated the harmful effects of thermal stress of buffalo calves in comparison with intravenous infusion of amino acids.
Key words: eubiotics; amino acids; buffalo calves; nutrient digestibility; rumen fermentation; growth performance
GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME PATHOGENIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM POULTRY AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS
Authors: Esraa S.  Ahmed  , Salwa M. Helmy  , Amgad A. Moawad
Published: February 2023

Regarding high morbidity, mortality, and production losses, fungi infections have their importance among infectious illnesses and seem to be one of the main challenges facing poultry producers. This study aims to identify the genotypic characteristics of some fungi isolated from poultry. To reach this end, in El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, a total of 210 birds with a history of respiratory distress were randomly selected from a variety of private farms and hatcheries. The birds were sacrificed; tissue pieces were collected. In addition, a total of 87 samples of the poultry surroundings including 40 samples of poultry ration, 14 bedding materials, 4 air samples, and 29 water samples were collected. Using traditional fungal isolation, four fungal species were recovered, namely, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium perangustum, and Penicillium chrysogenum. PCR was performed by fungus-specific universal primer pairs (ITS1 and ITS4) to identify and describe the genotype of isolated fungi. All examined isolates' ITS1-5.8SrDNA regions could be amplified. A purified PCR product was sequenced according to the Emerald Amp GT PCR master mix. This was initially performed to establish sequence identity to GenBank accession numbers. The rRNA gene for 5.8 sRNA divides the two ITS sections, which are situated between the 18S and 28S rRNA genes. ITS-1 gene sequence of the isolated Cladosporium perangustum (GeneBank accession number was OM 407392). The Sequence of the ITS-1 of isolated Penicillium chrysogenum (GeneBank accession numbers for studied nucleotide sequences were OM407401; OM407402; OM403685, and OM403686). For the examined nucleotide sequences, the GeneBank accession number for the ITS-1 internal transcribed spacer region of single Aspergillus niger was OM407391. GeneBank accession numbers for the isolated Aspergillus flavus ITS-1 sequence examined nucleotide sequences were OM403676, OM403677, and OM403678. In conclusion, genotypic characterization confirmed the phenotypic traditional fungal identification in the present study.  Aspergillus species are the major fungi associated with birds in Egypt farms. The predominantly identified species were Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum.
A COMBINED APPROACH OF MULTIPLE CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS AND HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS FOR PROFILING RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CATEGORICAL RISK PREDICTORS: A BLUETONGUE CASE STUDY
Authors: El-Araby Iman E. , Moawed Sherif A. , Hassan Fardos A. M. , Gouda Hagar F.
Published: February 2023

Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious virus in the Reoviridae family that infects both wild and domestic animals. It causes economic losses and reduces infected animals' production and reproduction. A total of 233 apparently healthy animals were screened for BT. Profiles of health condition of animals were identified using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and the impact of the change in disease condition of animals was explored by examining the subjective evaluation of the impact of risk factors like (age, sex, season, species, and locality) with regard to BT disease providing an insight into a dataset through information visualization and it presents a useful application for visualizing associations amongst variable categories. The first two MCA dimensions retained up to 27% of the total inertia contained in the data. The positive BT results, summer, and old animals categories were loaded in the first dimension, while negative cases, Al-mounfia and winter categories were related to the second dimension. HCA identified three clusters. Cluster 1 was characterized by frequent and largely exclusive seronegative BT animals 91.67 % of animals in the cluster were seronegative, negative BTV category is the most important and related to cluster 1 with positive v-test=8.75.  Cluster 3 can named a cluster of seropositive BT, up to 88% of cases were seropositive. We can conclude that seropositive BT is associated with summer and old age categories, whereas seronegative BT is associated with young age and winter categories, and thus MCA and HCA provide convenient and easy-to-interpret analytical tools for assessing categorical data relationships.
PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILES OF CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN LACTATING COW WITH ASSESSMENT OF TREATMENT TRIAL
Authors: El-Neshwy Wafaa , Abo-Zaid, A.A.,  , El-Mekawey, M.F  , Soliman, A.H
Published: February 2023

This work investigated the prevalence of bovine mastitis in a dairy farm, Ismalia governrate, Egypt with phynotypic and genotypic clarification of the causative bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Also a treatment trial with a combination of Cafalexin, Kanamycin was evaluated. The total prevalence of mastitis was 31.82% (119/374) at cow level and 17.01% (247/1452) at quarter level. 261 isolates were detected. (74.33%) belong to staphylococcus spp and (25.67%) to streptococcus spp. as major microorganisms (CNS (42.53%) s.aurus (31.80%) s. uberis (12.26%), s. agalactia (8.81%) and s. dysagalactia(4.59%). The isolates were tested against 15 antimicrobial agents and the highest percentage of resistant bacteria was for AMC, P, C and E. while the lowest rate was  for CN, CIP, CL and K. Molecular Characterization of isolated pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes was performed by PCR on 15 isolates. blaTEM-1 Was the most frequently detected gen followed by aadA1, dfrA1, cmlA, sul1, and tetA. 110 infected udder quarters were enrolled for 21 days to evaluate the treatment with Terrexine LC intramammary suspension 10g on six occasions at 12 h intervals and gentamycin intramuscular injection (1cm/20kg Bw for 3-5 days in cows with systemic reaction. A high significant reduction was recorded for the log10 SSC, log10 TBC and the level of LDH in milk after treatment  compared their level before treatment (P-value <0.0001***).  The milk season for cows, degree of mastitis or type of microorganism isolated before treatment have no effect on the recovery rate P-value ˃0.05.  In conclusion, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains is greatly increased so antibiotic usage must be Restricted.  PCR can help in the rapid detection of the resistant strains.  Treatment of mastitis with combination of antimicrobial may reduce drug resistance. Bovine mastitis still needs updated knowledge on the causative microbes and their antibiotic resistance patterns for optimal control and treatment.
EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC, HEMATOLOGICAL, AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF HERBAL DEWORMER ON THE CATTLE
Authors: Abdullah F. Alsayeqh  , Saeed Zohaib
Published: February 2023

Cattle play an important role in the food chain as a major milk and meat producer. Helminths affect the health and production of livestock which need to be controlled efficiently and economically. The high usage of anthelmintic drugs has increased anthelmintic resistance to all available classes resulting in failed treatment options and economic losses. Herbs, which may be better options for animal and food safety, are among the best candidates to control these parasites. For this purpose, a research experiment was conducted. Twelve Sahiwal heifers were used for the evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of herbal dewormers composed of various parts of local herbs. Animals were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D, all the groups, except group D were given herbal dewormer powder. In an experiment of 30 days, doses were given on a weekly basis. Fecal samples for egg counts, blood and serum samples were obtained fortnightly and subjected to statistical analysis. Results revealed that the animals receiving herbal dewormer @ 1400 mg/Kg had the best results and egg counts and hematological values were significantly (P<0.05) better than the control animals. The results of the study suggested that the herbal dewormer was efficient in reducing the worm counts as well as beneficial for the hematological profile of the cattle.
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME PATHOGENIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM POULTRY AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS IN EL–GHARBIA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT
Authors: Ahmed Esraa S. , Helmy Salwa M. , Moawad Amgad A.
Published: February 2023

Poultry production is affected by several fungal diseases. Such fungal infection occurs in poultry farms via using a moldy litter, or ingestion of contaminated drinking water or moldy ration. In this study, a total of 210 birds with a history of respiratory distress of different breeds were collected randomly from sporadic different private farms and hatcheries in El–Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. The birds were sacrificed, then a total of 1050 tissue specimens from lung, air sacs, liver, crop and trachea were collected. In addition, 40 samples of poultry ration, 14 bedding materials, 4 air samples and 29 water samples were also collected. The collected samples were cultured on Sabouraud’s agar plates. Macromorphological and micromorphological fungal examinations were performed for phenotypic characterization. Histopathological examinations were also performed using with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Antifungal sensitivity testing was screened using Mueller’s Hinton Agar for studying the susceptibility of the recovered fungal isolates to the most commonly used antifungal drugs in Egypt, namely amphotericin B, clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and nystatin. The obtained results demonstrated that mold isolation was the highest in the collected samples from birds at 36.84%, followed by drinking water (31.57%). The highest incidence of mold isolation was recorded at the lungs of broilers and baladi birds followed by the air sacs. While in saso birds, the highest incidence was at the air sac. Collectively, 97 mold strains were identified from the lung, 74 from the air sacs, 30 from the liver, 61 from the trachea, and 44 from the crop. In addition, 19 mold isolates were recovered from the bird surroundings. Aspergillus niger as well as Penicillium chrysogenum were recovered and showed resistance to ketoconazole, while Cladosporium perangustum was resistant to fluconazole. All of the isolated molds were sensitive to itraconazole and nystatin except A. flavus that was resistant to nystatin. All Aspergillus spp. were resistant to fluconazole except A. niger. In conclusion, Aspergillus spp. was the most associated mold with poultry species and their surroundings in Egypt farms. Itraconazole and nystatin could be applied as proper antifungal drugs the control of for Aspergillus infection in birds.
HISTAMINE LEVEL AND HISTAMINE-PRODUCING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SALTED AND FREEZE SARDINE FISH (Sardina spp.)
Authors: Mahmoud Maged Mostafa , Al-Hejin Ahmed Mahmoud , Ahmed Ali Meawad , Elazzazy Ahmed M.
Published: February 2023

Histamine is the biogenic amine responsible for scombroid poisoning in various types of fish and fish products. The study evaluated histamine content and bacteriological quality of salted and freeze sardine samples. All fish samples were cultured on Reinforced Closterdial medium; mannitol salt (MS) agar and violet red bile glucose (VRBG) agar, the positive colonies were sub-cultured on histamine-forming bacterium agar, followed by biochemical and PCR identification. Production of histamine in the fish muscles was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The mean histamine values were about; 8.25 mg/100g. The mean of total aerobic counts was; 4×104 ± 2.1×104 while, the total anaerobic count; 5×104 ±1.2×103 Log CFU/g. Enterobacteriacea spp. about; 5×104 ±2.5×104 Log CFU/g while, the mean value of Staphylococcus spp. about; 3×104 ±3.7×104 Log CFU/g. The mean value of histamine-forming bacterial were; 3.3×106 Log CFU/g. Molecular Identification For Enterobacteriaceae were Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus xylosus, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. We concluded that during storage, there was a positive relationship between the histamine levels and the histamine-forming bacteria (HFB) numbers, while, histamine and the bacteria forming histamine were recorded in all examined sardine samples.
Key words: histamine; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumonia; molecular identification; scombroid; Staphylococcus xylosus
HEAVY METALS CONTENT IN CHEESE: A STUDY OF THEIR DIETARY INTAKE AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Yi-Jie Dai  , Abdullah F. Alsayeqh  , Eman Wagih E. E. Ali  , Ahmed S. Abdelaziz  , Hesham A. Khalifa  , Asmaa S. M. Mohamed  , Mohamed E. Alnakip
Published: February 2023

Cheese represents an important source of essential amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements such as copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Cheese can be contaminated with toxic heavy metals due to the use of contaminated ingredients, or during the manufacture process, and distribution. This study was taken to estimate the residual contents of some toxic metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg), and trace elements such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in five of the most consumed cheese types in Egypt including Domiati, Feta, Karish, Mish, and Rumi. Moreover, calculation of the dietary intakes, and health risk assessment among children and adults were conducted. The obtained results revealed that Mish cheese had the highest residual content of Pb, and As. Karish cheese had the highest content of Cd, and Zn. Mercury was not detected in Feta and Domiati cheese. Calculation of the estimated daily intakes, hazard ratio, and hazard index revealed that consumption of cheese among Egyptian adults and children would not pose health risks. However, such data should be handled carefully as consumption of cheese will provide considerable concentrations of the total buildup of heavy metals to the Egyptian consumers. In addition, consumption of cheese will provide part of the human needs of the essential trace elements including Zn, and Cu.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA; PRE- AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Alsayeqh Abdullah F.
Published: February 2023

Brucellosis is one of the most reported zoonotic diseases that affects human health with subsequent economic losses.  Brucellosis is an endemic disease in countries in many regions such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in the Middle East. On 30 Jan 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak (later named COVID-19) a public health emergency of international concern. In KSA, on 2 March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed. To contain the disease outbreak, partial and full suspension of public activities/curfew started in March and April. In this study, characterization of brucellosis in KSA from 2013-2019 (pre-pandemic), the year 2020 (pandemic control interventions’” year), and the year 2021is presented. Incidence data were obtained from the Ministry of Health’s (MoH) records for laboratory-confirmed cases. Extracted incidence data were analysed according to the nationality of the patients (Saudi and non-Saudi), gender (male and female), age, health regions (20 throughout KSA), and months. From 2013-2019, there were 28073 (mean; 4010) cases of human brucellosis reported. In 2020 and 2021, there were 2372 and 2400 cases of brucellosis reported, respectively. The decrease in 2021, which continued after easing PCI restrictions, is worth noting. This represents a decrease of 59.15% of reported cases compared to incidence means for the period 2013-2019. Compared to other studies, misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, patients not seeking medical examination, and dedicating much of the health sector for COVID-19 patients are likely reasons for brucellosis reporting reduction. However, and due to lack of additional necessary data, it is not possible currently to conclude that PCI have (or have not) influenced reducing brucellosis in KSA.  Additionally, and in comparison, to reported regional and global incidence rates of the disease, reported rates from 2013-2019 in KSA are likely to be underreported.
Synthesis and characterization of CIS-[Ru(DPPM)2(BTA)]PF6 (BTA– = 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionate)
Authors: Macêdo R.R. , Maia P.I.S. , Deflon V.M. , Miguel G.F.de S. , Machado A.E.H. , Poelhsitz G. v.
Published: February 2023

The title complex cis-[Ru(dppm)2(bta)]PF6, dppm = 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane; bta– = 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionate, was prepared from the cis-[RuCl2(dppm)2] precursor in mild conditions. Elemental analysis, spectroscopy (FTIR, 1H, 31P{1H} and 19F{1H} NMR) as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the new complex. Electronic structure of the complex was described utilizing TD-DFT analysis. All data indicate a good degree of purity, a cis arrangement for the diphosphines and a distorted geometry for the ruthenium center.
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2-Fe for photocatalytic applications of domestic waste
Authors: Rahmadhani Annisa , Nasution Hasmalina , Prasetya Prasetya , Dayumita Novialis , Siregar Sri Hilma
Published: February 2023

Wastewater originating from household, industrial, and public places that contains materials can endanger human life and living things and disrupt environmental sustainability. Various methods have recycled domestic wastewater. One is through the photodegradation process utilizing ultraviolet light in the photocatalytic process. Inorganic materials are semiconductors with photocatalyst activity that can absorb photons and simultaneously carry out material interface transformation reactions. The research aimed to determine the effect of adding Fe metal dopants on TiO2 photocatalyst activity in simulated methylene blue and domestic waste treatment. The precursor used was TiO2 P25 Degussa Anatase. Fe dopant was added using the hydrothermal method with variations of 2%, 4%, and 6%. The XRD characterization results show that TiO2 has a high degree of crystallinity, so the overall process of electron diffusion and electron transfer in SSPT is higher to increase its efficiency. SEM-EDX characterization results show that TiO2-Fe particles are scattered in a spherical shape with a size of less than (<)100 nm and tend to agglomerate. Test results of simulated methylene blue (MB) waste with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at variations in mass, concentration, pH, and time showed that the addition of doping could increase photocatalytic activity and optimum conditions at 6% (F6) were used in the analysis of parameters pH, COD and TSS of domestic wastewater. The pH value increased from 5 to 6, % COD degradation was 59.17%, and TSS was 23.07%. This research showed that TiO2-Fe was effective enough for domestic wastewater treatment.
(IN)CORPORAÇÃO: HUMANO E DIVINO NO CORPO MÍTICO.
Authors: Constantino Thaís Monique Batista , Sousa Neto Miguel Rodrigues de
Published: February 2023

Esta proposta é um desdobramento de pesquisa maior de mestrado que tem como objeto de estudo os corpos de terreiro, especificamente as/os caboclas/os, refletindo sobre os estados corporais a partir do transe e o limiar entre prática/ritualística e técnica/representação. Propõe-se uma reflexão a partir do corpo mítico estabelecido na relação entre o ser humano (médium) e o ser divino (cabocla/o) por meio da (in)corporação. O corpo mítico é o lugar de corporificação ou corpovivificação da/do cabocla/o ao se manifestar no cruzamento de mundos. Quando a/o médium (in)corpora a/o cabocla/o, se corpovivifica uma narrativa, um sujeito de outra era, assim, se transforma o corpo, tornando-o mítico, potência do devir. É nessa travessia/encontro/encruzilhada que o mítico surge e apresenta outras possibilidades de mundo (in)corporadas. A (in)corporação ou o transe subverte a lógica colonial binária ao propor maneiras plurais de existência por meio do encanto, unindo corpo e espírito, separados pela lógica colonizadora. Mais que confrontar a colonialidade e seu projeto de homogeneização dos corpos, toma-se a encantaria da/o cabocla/o enquanto instância de ser/saber/fazer, como inscrição do ser divino e do ser humano, como coabitação. A metodologia utilizada é a revisão bibliográfica, complementada pela etnografia e pela imersão em giras de umbanda de cabocla/o. As discussões se ancoram no corpo mitológico, constructo de Gabriela Salvador no qual o corpo se torna constantes gerúndios a partir do contato com o outro, no corpo mastro, conceito de Graziela Rodrigues que considera que o corpo, a partir do contato com o sagrado, estabelece comunicação entre céu e terra, expandindo a sua energia cotidiana, e na pedagogia das encruzilhadas, pensada como confronto à lógica colonial, elaborada por Luiz Rufino e Luiz Antonio Simas. Assim, a tomada da/o cabocla/o enquanto ser encantado no cruzo de invenção de outros mundos, a ritualização, a encantaria ou ainda a (in)corporação apontam para o corpo historicamente subalternizado outras perspectivas de significação orientadas por lógicas nas quais o universo físico e o simbólico ocupam o mesmo espaço. Não é apenas o corpo imaginado, mas vivo, mítico: corpovivificando o Sagrado, fazendo surgir novos sentidos.
Benefícios da Implantação dos Indicadores de Manutenção MTBF, MTTR e DF Para a Manutenção.
Authors:   , Rocha Francisco das Chagas Nascimento
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é indicar de forma simples e objetiva os Benefícios dos
Indicadores de Manutenção MTBF, MTTR e DF Para a Manutenção, bem como
apresentar resultados de estudos de casos que fizeram uso dos referidos indicadores
para uma análise pré e pós ações da manutenção. Para tanto, explorou-se
informações contidas em livros e artigos preferencialmente encontrados em domínios
público, como no google acadêmico e afins, que tratassem dos tópicos do tema
buscando repassar a ideia do conceito de cada indicador, bem como os elementos
que os compõem e elencar as vantagens dos mesmos. Para uma análise aprofundada
sobre o tema do artigo, buscou-se informações contidas em resultados de três estudos
de casos distintos e atualizados, que de forma clara transmitiram as vantagens da
utilização dos mesmos ao longo de seus processos. Por fim, compreendeu-se que a
ciência e utilização do MTBF, MTTR e DF nos processos de manutenção, torna
possível alcançar resultados positivos para a mesma, melhorando a eficácia e
eficiência do processo e que a disseminação do conhecimento dos mesmos em
cursos que tratem a respeito de assuntos ligados a manutenção é fundamental para
os alunos, pois constitui um diferencial na carreira dos mesmos.
Primary immunodeficiency disease in children: A significant but rare cause of failure to thrive
Authors: Md Nawawi Noorfaizahtul Hanim , Abdul Kadir Azidah , Mat Yudin Zainab
Published: February 2023

This case illustrates the rare cause of failure to thrive (FTT) that initially presented with recurrent ear discharge. A five-year-old boy with a history of recurrent ear infections for the past year was treated for acute symptoms during each visit. He later was diagnosed with acute mastoiditis secondary to otitis media by a private otorhinolaryngologist and was referred to a tertiary hospital for admission and parenteral antibiotic commencement. The anthropometric evaluation noted he fell under the group of FTT and had an incidental finding of lower tract respiratory infection that turned out to be tuberculosis infection. Multiple complications occurred during his admission, including candidemia, disseminated tuberculosis, and deep-seated collections. Hence, he was worked up for primary immunodeficiency and was given extensive supportive treatment.
Gonadotropic pituitary adenomas: Two cases report
Authors: CAMARA M’BALLOU  , MENNANI FATIMA EZZAHRA  , RAFI SANA  , El MGHARI GHIZLANE  , El ANSARI NAWAL
Published: February 2023

The pituitary gonadotropic adenoma is an adenoma developed́ in the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary. It can be secreting releasing in excess in blood and urine; the products of its secretion are gonadostimulines (F.S.H. and L.H.) or non-secreting in this case only histo- cytochemical analysis will be able to allow identification. We report two cases of macroadenoma with LH-FSH immunostaining. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging revealed a macroadenoma. Transphenoidal surgery was incomplete. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were reactive to LH (70%) and FSH (30%). Control pituitary imaging revealed a residual macroadenoma and deficit replacement was started. Hormonal testing for all patients with pituitary adenoma should be performed even in the absence of symptoms of hypersecretion. The treatment of gonadotropic adenomas is surgical. Complementary radiotherapy is usually indicated in case of postoperative tumor remnants with an effect on the prevention of recurrence. Medical treatment (dopaminergic agonists, somatostatin analogues, GnRH agonists and antagonists) is disappointing.
Hypothyroidism and myasthenia gravis: A rare association
Authors: CAMARA M’BALLOU  , MENNANI FATIMA EZZAHRA  , RAFI SANA  , El MGHARI GHIZLANE  , El ANSARI NAWAL
Published: February 2023

The prevalence of endocrinopathies during myasthenia is relatively common. The association of myasthenia with dysthyroidism can make the diagnosis of these two conditions difficult, because of the similaritý of some clinical signs. Several disorders of specifically thyroid immunologic origin have beeń reported in myasthenic patients. This relationship remains poorly elucidated, but an immunologic cross-reaction between the neuromuscular junction and thyroid components has been found in myasthenia and Graves' disease. It is generally accepted that the association between hyperthyroidism and myasthenia is much more frequent than that between myasthenia and hypothyroidism. However, no clear explanation has been proposed for this difference. We report the case of a 28-year-old patient who was initially followed for myasthenia under anticholinesterase therapy and whose evolution was marked by the discovery of hypothyroidism during follow-up. The patient responded well to replacement therapy with a good evolution.
Idiopathic central precocious puberty, a rare entity in boys: A case report
Authors: CAMARA M’BALLOU  , HASSAN ADEN NEIMA  , RAFI SANA  , El MGHARI GHIZLANE  , El ANSARI NAWAL
Published: February 2023

Precocious puberty is defined as the appearance of clinical signs of puberty before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. The central origin is due to a premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis from which a central tumor pathology must be eliminated in each case. It is distinguished from early puberty of peripheral origin which is independent of hypothalamic-pituitary stimulation of adrenal or gonadal origin. In boys, precocious puberty is most often of central origin and there is a high risk of hypothalamic lesion in 40%. The diagnosis is first of all clinical, then radiological by the realization of a bone age and an abdomino-pelvic or testicular ultrasound sometimes even a pituitary MRI, and biological by the GnRH stimulation test, which allows to confirm the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis. Its management is discussed in case of growth acceleration, significant advance of bone maturation, and ultrasound signs of estrogenic impregnation of the internal genitalia or frank activation of the gonadotropic axis.
A review of hacking techniques in IoT systems and future trends of hacking on IoT environment
Authors: Nur A'fyfah Zaimy  , Mohamad Fadli Zolkipli  , Norliza Katuk
Published: February 2023

This paper reviews Internet of Things (IoT) security and the rise in security issues due to hardware and software security flaws being exploited. Researching hacking methods in IoT environments is critical, as attacks go beyond technical safeguards. Therefore, this paper aims to provide insights into the future of IoT security and inform the development of effective prevention measures by analyzing hacking techniques and tools. The research highlights the urgency to improve IoT security and focuses on future trends in IoT hacking. It also emphasizes the necessity for robust security measures to protect IoT systems and devices from hacking.
Eunuchs and their urological problems
Authors: Ketaki Dipak Pophali  , Vivek Vijayrao Paithankar  , Jugalkishor Vishwanathji Vyas  , Anjali Mahendra Wankhade
Published: February 2023

Eunuchs are biological males who have undergone voluntary castration. Eunuchs in India, are commonly known as ‘Hijras’ and are under-represented. The thoughts of pursuing voluntary castration arise from a variety of reasons such as to reduce libido, correct a perception of their dysmorphic (part of the body is a different shape from normal) genitalia, or fulfill a sexual fantasy. Eunuchs suffer from urinary retention as a side effect of castration. Castration causes urethral stenosis (physical narrowing of the urethral channel), which ultimately led to the development of various urological problems in eunuchs, such as urinary dribbling or retention, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infection, and bladder stones.
Beltrán Almería, L. (2021). Estéticas de la novela. Cátedra: Madrid.
Authors: Arsentieva Natalia
Published: February 2023

El análisis del contenido
Panorama microbiológico de Achromobacter spp. Como potencial agente infeccioso - Microbiological overview of Achromobacter spp. As a potential infectious agent
Authors: Parra-Vera Henry Junior , Farfán-Cano Galo Guillermo , Buele-Chica Dayci Colombia
Published: February 2023

Introducción: Achromobacter es un género que viene ganando importancia como patógenos raros y oportunistas de tipo nosocomial en el último decenio, sus reportes de caso vienen aumentando, de ahí la importancia de revisar el estado acerca de estos microorganismos. Métodos: se incluyeron publicaciones que analizaran aspectos microbiológicos del género y su relación con infecciones en humanos, a los cuales se accedió por medio de una búsqueda sistemática de información en base de datos de Pubmed efectuada el 15 de septiembre de 2022; el sesgo de selección se aminoro con criterios de exclusión (estudios en animales, artículos que exploren otros géneros y no Achromobacter y Achromobacter sin relación a infecciones en seres humanos). Resultados: de la búsqueda se obtuvo 92 artículos de los cuales 46 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones: es un género ubicuo, patógeno oportunista en humanos, causante de infecciones nosocomiales, con resistencia intrínseca a un amplio espectro de antimicrobianos.
Türkiye’de Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Koyunlarda Mavidil Enfeksiyonunun Seroprevalansı
Authors: Kuruçay Hanne Nur , Müftüoğlu Bahadır , Tamer Cüneyt
Published: February 2023

Mavidil virusu (MDV) Avrupa’da önemli verim kayıplarına sebep olan vektörlerle nakledilen ve özellikle koyunlarda teratojenik etkiye sahip bir virustur. Bu çalışma koyunlarda Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan Samsun, Sinop, Ordu, Giresun ve Amasya illerinde MDV’nin seroprevalansını araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Her bir ilden 80 adet olmak üzere toplam 400 adet koyundan serum örnekleri toplandı. MDV’ye spesifik antikor varlığını belirlemek için antikor (Ab) ELISA test tekniği kullanıldı. Test sonucunda 10 koyunun (%2,5) MDV (Ab) yönünden pozitif olduğu tespit edildi. Amasya’da %2,5, Sinop’ta %10 oranında seropozitiflik tespit edilirken Samsun, Ordu ve Giresun illerinde seropozitiflik belirlenmedi. Elde edilen veriler MDV enfeksiyonun bölgede düşük seroprevalansa sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Etkene karşı aşılama yapılmayan Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde seropozitifliğin tespit edilmesi bölgede aşılama çalışmalarının gerekliliğini göstermektedir.
Cybersickness, Cognition, & Motor Skills: The Effects of Music, Gender, and Gaming Experience
Authors: Kourtesis Panagiotis , Amir Rayaan , Linnell Josie , Argelaguet Ferran , MacPherson Sarah E.
Published: February 2023

Recent research has attempted to identify methods to mitigate cybersickness and examine its aftereffects. In this direction, this paper examines the effects of cybersickness on cognitive, motor, and reading performance in VR. Also, this paper evaluates the mitigating effects of music on cybersickness, as well as the role of gender, and the computing, VR, and gaming experience of the user. This paper reports two studies. In the 1st study, 92 participants selected the music tracks considered most calming (low valence) or joyful (high valence) to be used in the 2nd study. In the 2nd study, 39 participants performed an assessment four times, once before the rides (baseline), and then once after each ride (3 rides). In each ride either Calming, or Joyful, or No Music was played. During each ride, linear and angular accelerations took place to induce cybersickness in the participants. In each assessment, while immersed in VR, the participants evaluated their cybersickness symptomatology and performed a verbal working memory task, a visuospatial working memory task, and a psychomotor task. While responding to the cybersickness questionnaire (3D UI), eye-tracking was conducted to measure reading time and pupillometry. The results showed that Joyful and Calming music substantially decreased the intensity of nausea-related symptoms. However, only Joyful music significantly decreased the overall cybersickness intensity. Importantly, cybersickness was found to decrease verbal working memory performance and pupil size. Also, it significantly decelerated psychomotor (reaction time) and reading abilities. Higher gaming experience was associated with lower cybersickness. When controlling for gaming experience, there were no significant differences between female and male participants in terms of cybersickness. The outcomes indicated the efficiency of music in mitigating cybersickness, the important role of gaming experience in cybersickness, and the significant effects of cybersickness on pupil size, cognition, psychomotor skills, and reading ability.
Male survivors' experience of sexual assault and support: a scoping review
Authors: Langdridge Darren , Flowers Paul , Carney Dan
Published: February 2023

To develop future care pathways for adult male survivors of sexual assault relevant published studies must be appraised. Here we present a scoping review of the anglophone literature. Using a systematic search strategy, we addressed two main review aims: i) to describe studies about the experience of the sexual assault and ii) to describe studies about experiences of support. Studies were included if they comprised original, empirical, peer-reviewed academic research published in English between 1990 and 2023. 1,453 items were screened for inclusion. 60 articles were eventually included: 45 on the experience of adult sexual assault and 15 articles on the experience of support. Included studies tended to be from the USA and UK and the majority used qualitative designs. Studies on experience of assault employ diverse definitions and are often limited to distinct contexts (intimate partner violence, military). Studies on experiences of support are distinctly limited but suggest major challenges to support seeking, particularly risks of secondary victimisation. The literature is relatively impoverished in relation to almost all aspects of men’s experience of adult sexual assault. Currently there is insufficient knowledge to inform the development of appropriate care pathways. Programmatic research is urgently needed in this area.
The Truth is in There: Belief Processes in the Human Brain
Authors: Gerchen Martin Fungisai , Glock Carina , Weiss Franziska , Kirsch Peter
Published: February 2023

Belief has been defined by William James as the mental state or function of cognizing reality, and is a core psychological function with a strong influence on emotional states and behavior. Further, strong and aberrant beliefs about the world and oneself play important roles in mental disorders. The underlying processes of belief have been the matter of a long and intensive debate in philosophy and psychology, and modern neuroimaging techniques might provide important insight into the underlying neural processes.Based on seminal neuroimaging work on belief by Harris et al. (2008), we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study with N=30 healthy participants in which we presented 100 statements about facts, politics, religion, conspiracy theories, and superstition. For each statement, participants judged whether they considered it as true (belief) or not (disbelief), and reported their certainty in the decision.For the contrast belief > disbelief we found activations in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left superior parietal cortex, and left lateral frontopolar cortex. For the contrast disbelief > belief we found an anterior temporal cluster extending into the amygdala. We replicated a larger deactivation for disbelief than belief in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, but in the decision phase and not during statement presentation, suggesting a role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in belief-related decision making. When we analyzed category-specific effects, we found significantly higher activation in the retrosplenial cortex and parahippocampal gyrus for disbelief > belief for conspiracy theory statements.Exploratory analyses of linear associations with certainty and uncertainty identified networks centered at the anterior cingulate cortex for certainty, and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for uncertainty. The dorsomedial prefrontal uncertainty effect identifies a neural substrate for Alexander Bain’s notion from 1859 of uncertainty as the real opposite of belief.Taken together, our results suggest a two-factor neural process model of belief with falsehood/veracity and uncertainty/certainty factors.