bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Sustainable Soil Management Practices on Household Food Security in Ramechhap District, Nepal
Authors: Koirala Bikal , Dutta J. P. , Dhakal S. C. , Pant K. K.
Published: October 2014

This research was conducted in the month of June (2012) at Chisapani, Nagdaha and Kathjor VDCs of Ramechhap district of Nepal to analyze the impact of sustainable soil management practices on household food security. Pre-tested semi structured interview schedule were used to collect the primary data from 120 farmers, 40 farmers from each VDC by applying simple random sampling technique. It was found that before adopting sustainable soil management practices the food sufficiency from own production was 3.98 months and after the adoption the food sufficiency months was 7.67 and farmers perceived that there is increased access to food. Similarly, the income and expenditure on food consumption before the adoption of practices were Rs. 25758.33 and Rs. 12133.33 respectively and after the adoption of practices were Rs. 51675 and Rs. 7175 respectively. Farmers expressed that increase in production and productivity was major reason in adopting sustainable soil management practices. The increase in the production and productivity was the main reason for contributing towards household food security. Lack of irrigation facilities was major problem in adopting the sustainable soil management practices. The study revealed that sustainable soil management practices had significant impact on food sufficiency, income and production of different crops which ultimately results to improvement in food security in the study area than before. Finally, this study concludes that the sustainable soil management practices had high contribution to household food security.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.11239 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-1, issue-4: 164-168
Prevalence of substance use in first episode psychosis and its association with socio-demographic variants in Nepalese Patients
Authors: Mishra A , Ojha SP , Chapagain M , Tulachan P
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Substance use is common in first episode psychosis patients and has emerged as one of the greatest obstacle in the good prognosis of the illness. The high prevalence of substance use in patient with first episode psychosis and its association with socio-demographic variants found in the study signifies the importance of identifying and addressing these issues. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of substance use in patients with first episode psychosis attending Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital and to find out the association of socio-demographic variables in Nepalese population. Materials and methods: All patients with first episode psychosis attending Department of Psychiatry were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A semi structured proforma was used to record the socio-demographic variables and psychiatric diagnosis was made according to ICD-10 DCR criteria by a consultant psychiatrist. A total of 80 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Results: The result showed that 47.5% of first episode psychosis patient had a current or lifetime history of substance use. Alcohol was the most commonly used substance (52.6 %) followed by cannabinoids (26.3 %), opioids (5.3 %) and 15.8 % were multiple substance users. There was a statically significant association found in between socio-demographic profiles and substance use. When compared to non-substance users, substance using group were commonly from male gender, unemployed, educated up to secondary level and belonged to 15-25 years of age group. Cannabis use was associated with younger age and earlier onset of psychotic illness compared to alcohol use. Conclusion: This study concluded that substance use is common among newly diagnosed first episode psychosis patients, alcohol being the most common. There was statically significant association with the socio- demographic variables for substance use. The study calls the need to develop services that address substance use in first episode psychosis. Profiles of substance use in psychosis shows demographic gradients that can inform treatment and preventive research for better management and help making treatment protocol for these subgroups of patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i1.11347 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.1, 2014: 16-22
Association of Thyroid Dysfunction with Mood Disorders in an OPD setting
Authors: Chhetry MG , Sapkota N , Ojha N , Thapa S , Pandey AK
Published: October 2014

Background and Objectives: Thyroid dysfunction is common among patients with mood disorders. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among patients with various types of mood disorders. Materials and Methods: The study compromised of 50 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria selected by simple random sampling technique who attended the psychiatry OPD at B P Koirala Institute Of Health Sciences Dharan, Nepal. These patients were classified into different types of mood disorders according to ICD-10 DCR Criteria. Nineteen patients (38%) were diagnosed BPAD, fourteen patients ( 28%) as Depressive Disorder and the rest as single episode mania , Recurrent depressive disorder and dysthymia. Results: Out Of a total 50 cases, Fifteen Patients(30%) were found to have some form of thyroid dysfunction , the most common being subclinical hypothyroidism seen in 22% and the rest 8% with overt hypo/hyperthyroidism cases. This data is clearly /significant higher than the general population. However, there was no significant association found between socio-demographic variables and mood disorders with thyroid dysfunction. Conclusions: This study shows that thyroid dysfunction is common among patients with mood disorders though larger studies in the community setting are required for further evaluation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i1.11348 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.1, 2014: 23-28
First Episode Mania at the Age of 78 Years: A Case Report
Authors: Dhonju G , Singh PM , Joshi N
Published: October 2014

Late onset psychiatric disorders generate interest due to frequent association with some organic, neurological or metabolic etiology. Primary psychiatric illness with an onset in late life is rare. Late onset mania has not been frequently encountered and hence we are reporting a case of a 78 year old male diagnosed with first episode mania with psychotic symptoms.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i1.11352 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.1, 2014: 43-44
Impact of Ethno-Cultural Beliefs On A Person With Mental Illness: A Case Report
Authors: Rajbhandari N , Shakya DR , Sapkota N , Basnet M
Published: October 2014

Culture, though difficult to define, is a collection of beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, customs, habits and behaviour which influence cognitions and social development of a patient. Cultures determine how sickness and illness are defined and that will determine what the first port of call is. It also colors the psychopathology. We here describe a case of a 36 years woman who presented with psychosis which co-occurred with left temporal lobe lesion who had significant delay in receiving proper treatment because of the ethno-cultural beliefs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i1.11353 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.1, 2014: 45-47
Preparation of MnAlC flakes by surfactant-assisted ball-milling and the effects of annealing
Authors: Su K. P. , Tao D. L. , Wang J. , Huo D. X. , Cao Y. Q. , Liu Z. W. , Zhang Y. J.
Published: October 2014

An alternative approach for preparing anisotropic MnAlC powders is reported. [001] textured MnAlC flakes with various sizes and thicknesses were fabricated by surfactant-assisted ball-milling (SABM) of bulk ingots. After ball-milling for 8 h the flakes have thicknesses below 200 nm and aspect ratios as high as 102∼103. After being annealed at suitable temperatures, both bulk and SABMed powders can transform from ∊-phase to τ-phase completely. C-doping cannot prevent the decomposition of the τ-phase into the β+γ2 phases after annealing at above 500°C. The magnetic properties are strongly dependent on both the fraction of the τ-phase and the thickness. A high coercivity of ∼242.8 kA m−1 has been achieved in SABMed powders. The coercivity value is 128.8% higher than the experimental value for bulk materials.
PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) GENOTYPES UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS
Authors: Rahaman F. , Chowdhury A. K. , Bashar H. M. Khairul , Uddin M. S.
Published: October 2014

Studying genetic variability for abiotic stresses like salt is important for crop improvement. To identify the genotypic diversity of wheat for salt tolerance, this study was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rahmatpur, Barisal in 2007-2008 using 12 genotypes under five different salinity levels (e.g. 4, 8, 12, 16 dS/m) and control. Plant morphological and yield contributing traits showed a range of variability. Genotypic variabilities were more prominent in plant height, number of spikes plant­-1, number of grains plant-1, 100-grain weight and grain yield plant-1. Genotype G40 ranked top for most of the yield related traits followed by G33. While, G24 outperformed over all the genotypes for 100-grain weight and grain yield per plant. There was no effect of heading on salinity though other plant characters were affected by increasing level of salinity. Considering the responses of plant characters to salinity G40, G33 and G24 were found to be more salt tolerant than others. These three genotypes can therefore be useful for further genetic and physiological study.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v25i2.18661
GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND CORRELATION STUDY IN STEM AMARANTH (Amaranthus tricolor)
Authors: Ahammed A. U. , Rahman M. M. , Mian M. A. K.
Published: October 2014

Genetic variability, heritability and correlation analysis were done for yield and its component characters in twenty two (22) diverse genotypes of stem amaranth. The highest PCV (87.85%) and GCV (81.67%) were observed for primary branches per plant while the lowest PCV (10.28%) was found in plant height and the lowest GCV (7.51%) was found in leaf width. Heritability estimates in broad sense were higher for leaf weight per plant (91.10%) followed by leaves per plant (86.83%), primary branches per plant (86.42%), stem weight per plant (82.56%) and yield per hectare (78.70%). Leaf weight per plant, stem weight per plant and yield per hectare exhibited high value of heritability (91.10%, 82.56% and 78.70%) along with high genetic advance (49.38%, 134.12% and 56.00%), respectively. Leaves per plant, stem diameter, stem weight per plant, leaf weight per plant and plant height exhibited highly significant positive correlation with yield per hectare both at genotypic and phenotypic level. Selection based on these traits would give better response for the improvement in marketable yield in stem amaranth.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v25i2.18664
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LOCAL AROMATIC RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GENOTYPES
Authors: Ali M. , Mian M. A. K. , Rasul M. G. , Miah M. A. Aziz , Alam M. Z. , Hossain M. A.
Published: October 2014

Genetic diversity was assessed for 66 local aromatic rice genotypes to identify parental genotypes having distant relationship through Mahalanobiss D2 statistic. First six principal component axes above unity contributed 90.88% for variation among the genotypes. Yield per plant showed the highest contribution to total divergence followed by grain breadth, days to maturity and others. The genotypes under study were grouped into ten clusters. Clusters III and VII comprised of the maximum number (11) of genotypes when Cluster X possessed single genotype. The lowest inter genotypic distance was recorded between Kalijira-7 and Chinigura when the highest distance was observed between Elai and Rajbhog-2. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between clusters I and V while the shortest distance was carried by the clusters VII and IX. It revealed that the genotypes belonging to cluster I was far diverse from the genotypes under cluster V whereas the genotypes belonging to clusters VII and IX were least diverse. Among the genotypes, Oval Tapl, Sakkorkhora, Black, Dubsail, Rajbhog-2, Badshahbhog-8, Guamori, Elai, Kataribhog and BRRI dhan-38 might be selected from different clusters for different characters for future breeding program.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v25i2.18665
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LOCAL BORO RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GENOTYPES OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Siddique M. A. , Khalequzzaman M. , Islam M. Z. , Ahamed M. S. , Rashid E. S. M. H.
Published: October 2014

Genetic diversity in 40 traditional boro rice genotypes was studied under irrigated condition through Mahalanobis D2 statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters. The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster IV contained the highest number of genotypes (22) and the cluster II and V contained the lowest (1). The highest intra-cluster distance was noticed for the cluster III and lowest for cluster II and V. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and III followed by cluster II and V, cluster I and II and the lowest between cluster I and IV. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster II   showed high genetic distance from all other clusters. The genotypes from cluster II could be hybridized with the genotypes of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on positive value of vector 1 and vector 2, panicle/hill had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for yield, flag leaf length and grain length breadth ratio were obtained from cluster IV. The highest 1000-grain weight, shortest growth duration and grain breadth were found in cluster II while the lowest mean value for yield, flag leaf length, filled grains and 1000 grain weight were found in cluster V.  Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster II, III and cluster IV for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster V which would be used to produce new recombinants with desired traits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v26i1.19980
GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata Duch ex Poir.)
Authors: Akter S. , Rasul M. G. , Islam A. K. M. Aminul , Rahman M. M.
Published: October 2014

The experiment was conducted to study variability, correlation coefficient and path analysis for yield and quality related traits of 30 pumpkin genotypes. Significant variations were found among the genotypes for most of the characters studied. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean were observed for beta-carotene followed by non-reducing sugar, number of seeds per fruit, yield per plant, dry weight, flesh thickness, number of male flowers per plant and number of female flowers per plant which indicated that these characters were under additive gene control and selection for genetic improvement for these traits might be effective. Correlation co-efficient between yield per plant with number of primary branches, number of fruits per plant and single fruit weight were positive and highly significant. On the other hand, days to first female flower, number of male flowers per plant, ß- carotene and total sugar showed positive and insignificant correlation with yield per plant. But correlation between brix content and yield per plant were significantly negative. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the maximum direct contribution towards yield was obtained through number of fruits per plant followed by days to first female flower and single fruit weight indicated that these traits should be considered as primary components of yield. Negative direct effect on yield was exerted by total sugar followed by number of female flowers per plant, reducing sugar and brix content. Considering all the qualitative and quantitative traits ten genotypes as G7, G13, G14, G17, G18, G19, G20, G22, G27, G29 among thirty were selected and suggested to be selfed for the development of inbred line for use in future breeding programme.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v26i1.19981
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN VEGETABLE PEA (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Rahman M. , Hasan M. , Chowdhury R. N. , Ivy N. A. , Hossain M. M.
Published: October 2014

An investigation was carried out to identify the extent of genetic divergence of seventeen vegetable pea genotypes at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Genetic divergence was estimated using D2 and principal component analysis. The genotypes under study fell into 4 clusters. The distribution pattern indicated that the maximum numbers of genotypes (6) were included in cluster II and cluster III and the minimum number in cluster IV (1). The inter-cluster distance was higher than the intra-cluster distance which indicated wider genetic diversity among the accessions of different groups. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between II and IV. The lowest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters II and III suggesting a close relationship among the genotypes of these two clusters. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed for the cluster II. The positive values of vector I and vector II for plant height, 50% flowering and non-reducing sugar indicated that these characters had the highest contribution towards the divergence among the pea genotypes. The genotypes of vegetable pea from cluster II and cluster IV maybe selected as parents in future hybridization program.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v26i1.19982
Cell-Surface Receptors Transactivation Mediated by G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Authors: Cattaneo Fabio , Guerra Germano , Parisi Melania , De Marinis Marta , Tafuri Domenico , Cinelli Mariapia , Ammendola Rosario
Published: October 2014

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to a large family of cell-surface receptors involved in many intracellular signaling cascades. Despite GPCRs lack intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, tyrosine phosphorylation of a tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK) occurs in response to binding of specific agonists of several such receptors, triggering intracellular mitogenic cascades. This suggests that the notion that GPCRs are associated with the regulation of post-mitotic cell functions is no longer believable. Crosstalk between GPCR and RTK may occur by different molecular mechanism such as the activation of metalloproteases, which can induce the metalloprotease-dependent release of RTK ligands, or in a ligand-independent manner involving membrane associated non-receptor tyrosine kinases, such as c-Src. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also implicated as signaling intermediates in RTKs transactivation. Intracellular concentration of ROS increases transiently in cells stimulated with GPCR agonists and their deliberated and regulated generation is mainly catalyzed by enzymes that belong to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family. Oxidation and/or reduction of cysteine sulfhydryl groups of phosphatases tightly controls the activity of RTKs and ROS-mediated inhibition of cellular phosphatases results in an equilibrium shift from the non-phosphorylated to the phosphorylated state of RTKs. Many GPCR agonists activate phospholipase C, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis-phosphate to produce inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglicerol. The consequent mobilization of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum leads to the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. PKCα mediates feedback inhibition of RTK transactivation during GPCR stimulation. Recent data have expanded the coverage of transactivation to include Serine/Threonine kinase receptors and Toll-like receptors. Herein, we discuss the main mechanisms of GPCR-mediated cell-surface receptors transactivation and the pathways involved in intracellular responses induced by GPCR agonists. These studies may suggest the design of novel strategies for therapeutic interventions.
Rare Earth Elements: Overview of Mining, Mineralogy, Uses, Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Authors: Haque Nawshad , Hughes Anthony , Lim Seng , Vernon Chris
Published: October 2014

Rare earths are used in the renewable energy technologies such as wind turbines, batteries, catalysts and electric cars. Current mining, processing and sustainability aspects have been described in this paper. Rare earth availability is undergoing a temporary decline due mainly to quotas being imposed by the Chinese government on export and action taken against illegal mining operations. The reduction in availability coupled with increasing demand has led to increased prices for rare earths. Although the prices have come down recently, this situation is likely to be volatile until material becomes available from new sources or formerly closed mines are reopened. Although the number of identified deposits in the world is close to a thousand, there are only a handful of actual operating mines. Prominent currently operating mines are Bayan Obo in China, Mountain Pass in the US and recently opened Mount Weld in Australia. The major contributor to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of rare earth processing is hydrochloric acid (ca. 38%), followed by steam use (32%) and electricity (12%). Life cycle based water and energy consumption is significantly higher compared with other metals.
Microsolvation and sp2-stereoinversion of monomeric α-(2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)vinyllithium as measured by NMR
Authors: Knorr Rudolf , Knittl Monika , Rossmann Eva C
Published: October 2014

The β-unsubstituted title compound dissolves in THF as a uniformly trisolvated monomer, whereas it forms exclusively disolvated monomers intert-butyl methyl ether, Et2O, TMEDA, or toluene with TMEDA (1.4 equiv). This was established at low temperatures through the observation of separated NMR signals for free and lithium-coordinated ligands and/or through the patterns and magnitudes of13C,6Li NMR coupling constants. An aggregated form was observed only with Et2O (2 equiv) in toluene as the solvent. The olefinic geminal interproton coupling constants of the H2C= part can be used as a secondary criterion to differentiate between these differently solvated ground-states (3, 2, or <2 coordinated ligands per Li). Due to a kinetic trisolvation privilege of THF, the cis/trans sp2-stereoinversion rates could be measured through analyses of1H NMR line broadening and coalescence only in THF as the solvent: The pseudomonomolecular (because THF-catalyzed), ionic mechanism is initialized by a C–Li bond heterolysis with the transient immobilization of one additional THF ligand, followed by stereoinversion of the quasi-sp2-hybridized carbanionic center in cooperation with a “conducted tour” migration of Li+(THF)4along the α-aryl group within the solvent-separated ion pair.
The luxury metaphor of alcoholic beverages marketing: a necessary focus and understanding to help public health
Authors: Diouf Jacques François
Published: October 2014

Objectif : Identifier l’émergence du luxe comme une tendance marketing dans l’industrie de l’alcool et discuter les implications en termes de santé publique. Méthodes : Revue de la littérature portant sur l’impact du marketing des alcooliers et sur le marketing du luxe ; observation des activités marketing de l’industrie de l’alcool sur le marché français et revue systématique de revues professionnelles en marketing. Résultats : L’industrie de l’alcool emprunte les codes du marketing du luxe. Différents éléments de leur marketing sont touchés : design du produit et du packaging, contenu de la publicité et des actions de relations publiques. Conclusion : Si de nombreux chercheurs ont analysé l’effet de l’exposition des individus au marketing de l’alcool sur les représentations et les envies de consommer, très peu de recherches ont été menées sur l’effet du contenu de ce marketing. Or l’emprunt des codes du luxe par les alcooliers remet en question en termes de santé publique : le pouvoir du contenu marketing, la régulation de la promotion d’alcool et l’élaboration de campagnes de prévention adaptées aux nouvelles stratégies du secteur.
Mesurer le risque perçu à « jouer responsable »
Authors: Pin Anne-Claire , Picot-Coupey Karine , Droulers Olivier
Published: October 2014

Objectifs : Le jeu responsable consiste en un ensemble de pratiques et de politiques visant à réduire le développement de la pratique excessive des jeux de hasard et d’argent. Cet article contribue à conceptualiser le risque perçu à adopter un comportement de jeu responsable. Il présente les trois premières étapes de développement d’une échelle permettant de le mesurer. Méthode : 22 entretiens semi-directifs auprès de joueurs dans un casino français ont été réalisés. Le corpus obtenu de 190 pages a fait l’objet d’une analyse de contenu manuelle conceptualisante. Puis, une enquête par questionnaire auprès de 134 joueurs a été menée, in situ, et les données traitées par une analyse factorielle exploratoire. Résultats : Le concept de risque perçu à adopter un comportement de jeu responsable est défini comme la perception subjective et incertaine des joueurs quant aux pertes potentielles liées à la perspective d’adopter un comportement de jeu responsable. L’analyse de contenu conceptualisante a fait émerger cinq dimensions constitutives du concept. L’étude quantitative exploratoire permet de valider une structure en cinq dimensions différente de celle initialement définie et qui conduit à la préciser : le risque perçu de vivre moins d’excitation, de moins se socialiser, de vaincre moins, de gagner moins d’argent et de moins se distraire. Conclusion : Les résultats montrent que les joueurs perçoivent un risque à adopter un comportement de jeu responsable. Ce comportement sanitaire s’oppose aux motivations de jeu et est perçu comme une alternative risquée au jeu excessif.
Effets de forme et de terminaison des prix : une comparaison enfants – adultes
Authors: Damay Coralie , Guichard Nathalie , Clauzel Amélie
Published: October 2014

Cette étude propose une comparaison des effets de la présentation des prix sur deux populations (enfant et adulte), sur le plan de la forme (prix rond versus avec décimales) et de la terminaison. Elle permet de mettre en évidence des résultats contrastés quant à l’attribution de prix selon le niveau de prix des produits et également certains points communs entre les deux populations. Les enfants optent ainsi davantage que les adultes pour les prix ronds dans le cas des produits à faible valeur unitaire tandis que les deux populations (enfant et adulte) s’accordent sur un recours moins fréquent aux prix décimaux pour les produits à plus forte valeur unitaire. L’étude souligne également le plébiscite pour la terminaison nulle dans le cas des prix décimaux, particulièrement pour les produits à faible valeur unitaire.
Relation au fournisseur : impératif de multicanalité et gestion des émotions
Authors: Siadou-Martin Béatrice , Pellat Ghislaine , Vidal David , Poujol Fanny
Published: October 2014

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux effets des interactions (en face-à-face et virtuelles) sur les émotions et la satisfaction d’acheteurs en B-to-B. La place des émotions en B-to-B et l’impact des émotions positives sur la satisfaction globale envers le fournisseur sont confirmés. Plus spécifiquement, cette étude montre que si la fréquence des contacts n’a pas d’impact, la nature des contacts a un effet sur les émotions : les interactions en face-à-face génèrent des émotions positives alors que les interactions virtuelles génèrent des émotions négatives.
Pertinence de l'impertinence chrétienne dans l'ultramodernité contemporaine ? Un point de vue sociologique sur la condition chrétienne aujourd'hui
Authors: Willaime Jean-Paul
Published: October 2014

L’étude sociologique des faits religieux doit pouvoir rendre compte de la singularité de son objet tout en gardant la perspective critique qui est la sienne. Après ce rappel, l’auteur reprend la question des rapports religion-modernité en expliquant pourquoi nous sommes aujourd’hui entrés dans une nouvelle phase de la modernité – qualifiée d’« ultramodernité » – qui représente une radicalisation de la sécularisation. Les idéaux séculiers sont eux-mêmes désenchantés et des logiques d’incertitude ont pris la place des certitudes modernistes. La société n’est plus seulement post-chrétienne, mais aussi post-séculière et la situation sociétale des religions s’en trouve profondément reconfigurée. Cette situation remet en cause l’excommunication séculière des religions dans le débat public. Attentif à la dynamique d’interpellation qui habite le christianisme en son cœur même et le rend libre à l’égard de toutes les modes, l’auteur montre que, dans un tel contexte, la non-conformité chrétienne par rapport aux valeurs dominantes du présent peut se révéler particulièrement pertinente. L’évocation du débat public sur le mariage de même sexe en France vient illustrer cette thèse de la pertinence de l’impertinence chrétienne dans l’ultramodernité contemporaine.
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND RAINFALL EROSIVITY EVOLUTION IN TWELVE BASINS IN CENTRAL AND WESTERN ALGERIA
Authors: Meddi Mohamed
Published: October 2014

Soil erosion by rain and surface runoff is an important problem in the Mediterranean countries. The study of the relationship between erosion and sediment transport with hydrological and climatic factors have been conducted in many countries around the world. The aim of this work is to show rainfall impact on the variability of spatial and temporal concentration in twelve drainage basins in the west of Algeria. We will also seek to find a representative parameter of rainfall erosive potential on a Time and spatial scale. When studying sediment transport in twelve drainage basins of the Centre and the west of Algeria, we have found that the modified Fournier index Which explains much of the specific degradation compared to the Fournier index. The study of the temporal variability of the annual rainfall series, modified Fournier index and concentration of the precipitation in the year for a series from 1930 to 2007 showed a negative trend of the two variables. The annual rainfall and modified Fournier index have declined by more than 20%. This decline is more significant in inland areas.
Brill–Noether loci for divisors on irregular varieties
Authors: Mendes Lopes Margarida , Pardini Rita , Pirola Gian Pietro
Published: October 2014

We take up the study of the Brill-Noether loci

W^r(L,X):=\{\eta\in \mathrm {Pic}^0(X)\ |\ h^0(L\otimes\eta)\ge r+1\}

, where

X

is a smooth projective variety of dimension

>1

,

L\in \mathrm {Pic}(X)

, and

r\ge 0

is an integer.

By studying the infinitesimal structure of these loci and the Petri map (defined in analogy with the case of curves), we obtain lower bounds for

h^0(K_D)

, where

D

is a divisor that moves linearly on a smooth projective variety

X

of maximal Albanese dimension. In this way we sharpen the results of [Xi] and we generalize them to dimension

>2

.

In the

2

-dimensional case we prove an existence theorem: we define a Brill-Noether number

\rho(C, r)

for a curve

C

on a smooth surface

X

of maximal Albanese dimension and we prove, under some mild additional assumptions, that if

\rho(C, r)\ge 0

then

W^r(C,X)

is nonempty of dimension

\ge \rho(C,r)

.

Inequalities for the numerical invariants of curves that do not move linearly on a surface of maximal Albanese dimension are obtained as an application of the previous results.
Risk maps of appearance and development of the pine wilt disease (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in Extremadura
Authors: Fernández J. Mª. , Solla A.
Published: October 2014

The recent outbreak of the pine wilt disease in Setúbal, caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has forced Portugal to adopt quarantine measurements in relation to wood exportations. The risk of appearance and development of the disease in Extremadura was evaluated. The specific susceptibility of Pinus spp., the average daily temperatures of July, and the risk of appearance of the nematode from the Portuguese border or from sawmills located in Extremadura were considered. The risk was defined in four classes, which were represented in maps using a GIS. The results showed that almost 70% of the Extremadura pine stands were included within the high (81.043 ha) and very high (27.091 ha) risk classes. This could be explained due to the continued hot temperatures within the region, and due to the presence of the highly susceptible P. pinaster species, occupying about 75% of the pine stands. The main pine stands with very high risk were located at the Herrera del Duque and Puebla de Alcocer regions. The obtained results and the usefulness of the risk maps as tools for disease prevention are discussed.
Silvogenetic typology of Spanish firwood Abies alba Mill. forests
Authors: Aunós A. , Martínez E. , Blanco R.
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a silvogenetic typology of firwood stand communities in the spanish Pyrenees. It has been elaborated based on the information supplied by the Second National Forest Inventory. Basal area, stand density, ageclass distribution and pure or mixed character of the stand were used to identify nine different firwood stand types. It has been comparatively analyzed in the nine obtained types the structure of the age-class distributions as well as the role of accompanying species perform in that structure, emphasizing how the character of uneven-aged stand presides in various degrees most of the identified categories. This classification is easy to apply in forest management practices since it only uses as input the inventoried tree diameters. It also encompasses the different sequential and evolutionary stadiums of the spanish firwood stands, from the installation phase of the seedlings under other species plant cover, until the mature and old-aged structure stage.
Strength Through Sharing: Interdisciplinary Teamwork in Providing Health and Social Services to Northern Native Communities
Authors: Boone Margaret , Minore Bruce , Katt Mae , Kinch Peggy
Published: October 2014

The delivery of health and social services in Canada's northern First Nations is undermined by the fact that professionals from outside and para-professionals from the communities often fail to respect one another's capabilities or to undertand one another's roles and, consequently, do not work well together. This paper explores the personal, professional, and situational causes, using examples of mental health care in the Sioux Lookout Zone of northwestern Ontario. Arguing that an interdisciplinary team approach is the ideal and, perhaps, the only real way in which essential services can be delivered, the authors suggest ways to achieve more effective collaboration.
Examining the Relationship Between the Perceived Work Environment and Workplace Bullying
Authors: Brotheridge Céleste M. , Lee Raymond T.
Published: October 2014

This study examined the relationship between perceived work environment variables and bullying behaviours among 180 workers from the public service, elementary school, health care, and potash mine industries located on the Canadian prairies. The results indicate that a heavy workload and a poor team atmosphere predicted a composite measure of bullying as well as two of its components: work being undermined and belittlement. Belittlement was also predicted by low job autonomy and unfair treatment. The findings suggest that potential mechanisms for discouraging aggressive and bullying behaviours are to promote empowerment, coworker support, balanced workloads, and the fair treatment of employees.
The Impact of Psychosocial and Physical Work Experience on Mental Health: A Nested Case Control Study
Authors: Ostry Aleck , Maggi Stefania , Tansey James , Dunn James , Hershler Ruth , Chen Lisa , Hertzman Clyde
Published: October 2014

This investigation is a nested case control study based on a large cohort of sawmill workers employed in 14 sawmills in British Columbia (BC) in Western Canada. The purpose of the study was to assess the association between objectively measured physical and psychosocial work conditions and objectively measured mental health outcomes using a longitudinal study design. The investigation ensured that all cases and controls were free of mental health disease for a 5-year period prior to commencement of the study. The study found that Sikh sawmill workers had elevated odds for all the mental health outcomes investigated, and that workers with low duration of employment had elevated odds for adjustment reaction and acute reaction to stress. After controlling for sociodemographic and nonphysical/nonpsychosocial work condition confounders, high psychological demand was associated with elevated odds for neurotic disorder.
Towards an Enhanced Understanding of Factors Involved in the Return-to-Work Process of Employees Absent due to Mental Health Problems
Authors: Saint-Arnaud Louise , Saint-Jean Micheline , Damasse Jean
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to reach a better understanding of the factors involved in the work reintegration process among employees of the Quebec Civil Service who were absent from work because of a mental health problem, as certified by a medical doctor. A qualitative approach was used based on data obtained from interviews. Analysis of the data allowed researchers to reconstruct these people's experience at various stages of the process of work reintegration, their interpretation of these events, and their responses to the difficulties they met. The results support the notion that the inability to work and return to work are constructs that relate not only to employees' health, but also to management practices that influence the work reintegration process. Support from colleagues and superiors, improvement in the conditions that contributed to the work interruption, a progressive return to work, and better cohesion between absence management practices and support measures are key factors in ensuring that the employee returns to work and remains in the workplace.
Synthesis of Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-methyl methacrylate) by Maghnite-H+ a Non-toxic Catalyst
Authors: Benadda Mohamed , Ferrahi Mohamed Issam , Belbachir Mohamed
Published: October 2014

In the present work poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-methyl methacrylate) copolymers were prepared successfully and cleanly by a one step process via cationic copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) with methyl methacrylate (MMA), in heterogeneous phase using “Maghnite-H+” (Mag-H+) as catalyst in bulk, Maghnite is a montmorillonite sheet silicate clay exchanged with protons to produce Maghnite-H+. Temperature is varied between 20 and 80 °C. The effects of reaction temperature, amount of Mag-H+ on the yield and the intrinsic viscosity (η) were investigated. A typical reaction product of poly (NVP-co- MMA) was analyzed by infra red spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy as well as by viscosimetry. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Preparation and Characterization of Lithium Zirconium Silicate for CO2 Capture
Authors: Bhosale T. S. , Gaikwad A. G.
Published: October 2014

The samples of lithium zirconium silicate were prepared by precipitation, template and sol-gel meth-ods. The samples were prepared with several mol ratios of Li:Zr:Si. The preparation of lithium zirco-nium silicate samples by precipitation method were carried out by using the lithium nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, zirconium(IV) oxypropoxide and tetramethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as precursors. The samples of lithium zirconium silicate were prepared by using cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (C-TAB) and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) by template method. The samples of lithium zirconium silicate were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, 29Si-MAS NMR and FTIR. The surface area, alkalinity / acidity of the samples of lithium zirconium silicate were measured. The TGA analysis of lithium zirco-nium silicate samples was done. The CO2 captured by the samples of lithium zirconium silicate was es-timated. The captured CO2 by the samples of lithium zirconium silicate was found to be in the range 3.3 to 8.6 wt%. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Body Size Throughout Adult Life Influences Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk among Hispanic Women: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study
Authors: John Esther M. , Sangaramoorthy Meera , Hines Lisa M. , Stern Mariana C. , Baumgartner Kathy B. , Giuliano Anna R. , Wolff Roger K. , Slattery Martha L.
Published: October 2014

Background: Few studies have assessed the association of body size with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in Hispanic women. Findings are inconsistent and appear to contradict those reported for non-Hispanic white (NHW) women.

Methods: We pooled interview and anthropometric data for 2,023 Hispanic and 2,384 NHW women from two U.S. population-based case–control studies. Using logistic regression analysis, we examined associations of overall and abdominal adiposity with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status.

Results: Weight gain was associated with increased risk of ER+PR+ breast cancer in Hispanics not currently using menopausal hormone therapy (HT), but only among those with a low young-adult body mass index (BMI). In the subset of Hispanics with data on genetic ancestry, the association with weight gain was limited to women with lower Indigenous American ancestry. Young-adult BMI was inversely associated with both ER+PR+ and ER−PR− breast cancers for both ethnicities combined, with similar, although nonsignificant, inverse trends in Hispanics and NHWs. Among all Hispanics, regardless of HT use, height was associated with risk of ER−PR− breast cancer and hip circumference with risk of breast cancer overall.

Conclusions: Body size throughout adult life is associated with breast cancer risk among postmenopausal Hispanic women, as has been reported for NHW women. Associations were specific for breast cancer subtypes defined by hormone receptor status.

Impact: Avoiding weight gain and maintaining a healthy weight are important strategies to reduce the risk of postmenopausal ER+PR+ breast cancer, the most common breast cancer subtype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 128–37. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by John et al., p. 138
Mars Express observations of high altitude planetary ion beams and their relation to the “energetic plume” loss channel
Authors: Liemohn Michael W. , Johnson Blake C. , Fränz Markus , Barabash Stas
Published: October 2014

This study presents observational evidence of high‐energy (ions >2 keV) beams of planetary ions above Mars' induced magnetospheric boundary (IMB) and relates them with the energetic plume loss channel calculated from numerical models. A systematic search of the Mars Express (MEX) ion data using an orbit filtering criteria is described, using magnetometer data from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) to determine the solar wind motional electric field (Esw) direction. Two levels of statistical survey are presented, one focused on times when the MEX orbit was directly in line with the Esw and another for all angles between the MEX location and the Esw. For the first study, within the 3 year overlap of MGS and MEX, nine brief intervals were found with clear and unambiguous high‐energy O+ observations consistent with the energetic plume loss channel. The second survey used a point‐by‐point determination of MEX relative to the E‐field and contained many thousands of 192 s measurements. This study yielded only a weak indication for an Esw‐aligned plume. Furthermore, the y‐z components of the weighted average velocities in the bins of this y‐z spatial domain survey do not systematically point in the Esw direction. The first survey implies the existence of this plume and shows that its characteristics are seemingly consistent with the expected energy and flight direction from numerical studies; the second study softens the finding and demonstrates that there are many planetary ions beyond the IMB moving in unexpected directions. Several possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed.
Probing Jovian decametric emission with the long wavelength array station 1
Authors: Clarke T. E. , Higgins C. A. , Skarda Jinhie , Imai Kazumasa , Imai Masafumi , Reyes Francisco , Thieman Jim , Jaeger Ted , Schmitt Henrique , Dalal Nagini Paravastu , Dowell Jayce , Ellingson S. W. , Hicks Brian , Schinzel Frank , Taylor G. B.
Published: October 2014

New observations of Jupiter's decametric radio emissions have been made with the Long Wavelength Array Station 1 (LWA1), which is capable of making high‐quality observations as low as 11 MHz. Full Stokes parameters were determined for bandwidths of 16 MHz. Here we present the first LWA1 results for the study of six Io‐related events at temporal resolutions as fine as 0.25 ms. LWA1 data show excellent spectral detail in Jovian DAM such as simultaneous left‐hand circular (LHC) and right‐hand circular (RHC) polarized Io‐related arcs and source envelopes, modulation lane features, S‐burst structures, narrow band N events, and interactions between S bursts and N events. The sensitivity of the LWA1 combined with the low‐radio‐frequency interference environment allow us to trace the start of the LHC Io‐C source region to much earlier CMLIII than typically found in the literature. We find that the Io‐C starts as early as CMLIII = 230° at frequencies near 11 MHz. This early start of the Io‐C emission may be valuable for refining models of the emission mechanism. We also detect modulation lane structures that appear continuous across LHC and RHC emissions, suggesting that both polarizations may originate from the same hemisphere of Jupiter. We present a study of rare S bursts detected during an Io‐D event and show that drift rates are consistent with those from other Io‐related sources. Finally, S‐N burst events are seen in high spectral and temporal resolution and our data strongly support the cospatial origins of these events.
Observations and modeling of magnetic flux tube refilling of the plasmasphere at geosynchronous orbit
Authors: Denton M. H. , Borovsky J. E.
Published: October 2014

The outer plasmasphere is eroded when the strength of the convection electric field increases. Following a return of lower levels of convection, the outer plasmasphere “refills” from the ionosphere. In situ observations of the cold (~1 eV) ion number density from geosynchronous orbit indicate that within ~48 h after plasmaspheric erosion events, the number density may return to a level of ~100 cm−3, consistent with previously reported values. Current theoretical estimates of refilling rates at geosynchronous orbit are inconsistent with such rapid refilling. In order to shed light on this issue, a theoretical investigation is carried out to determine the major factors governing the refilling process. While theoretical estimates of the refilling rate reported here still fall below the observed levels by at least a factor of 2, the results of this study indicate that the morphology of the neutral atmosphere, particularly the neutral atmosphere number density, is critical in controlling the rate of refilling at geosynchronous orbit. The strength of vertical E × B drifts and horizontal neutral winds is found to play only a minor role.