bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated TbDyFe Film on a Single‐Crystal Diamond Microelectromechanical Resonator for Magnetic Sensing
Authors: Shen Xiulin , Sun Huanying , Sang Liwen , Imura Masataka , Koide Yasuo , Koizumi Satoshi , Liao Meiyong
Published: July 2021

As an ultrastable material, single‐crystal diamond (SCD) has been proven to have extraordinary reliability in the application of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). To satisfy the requirements of high sensitivity and high stability of magnetic sensors, SCD MEMS resonators integrated with TbDyFe thin film are successfully fabricated by radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering. The device is thermally stable and the sensing performance is improved after annealing at 550 °C for 3 h. A high magnetic sensitivity of 5.34 Hz mT−1 is achieved. The estimated minimum detectable force reaches 1.65 × 10−14 N due to the advantage of giant magnetostriction of the TbDyFe thin film. The realization of SCD MEMS magnetic sensor demonstrates a visible progress in the field of magnetic sensing and indicates a foreseeable potential of SCD MEMS in the application of fast, small, and energy‐efficient sensors.
The impact of Parkinson's disease on manifestations and outcomes of Covid‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: El‐Qushayri Amr Ehab , Ghozy Sherief , Reda Abdullah , Kamel Ahmed Mostafa Ahmed , Abbas Alzhraa Salah , Dmytriw Adam A.
Published: July 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who contracted Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) had a decline in motor functions; nevertheless, there is limited evidence on whether PD patients have a higher risk for contracting Covid‐19 or have worse outcomes. This is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis to review the impact of PD on the prognosis of Covid‐19 patients. We performed a systematic search through seven electronic databases under the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses statement (PRISMA) guidelines. The R software version 4.0.2 was used to calculate pooled sample sizes and their associated confidence intervals (95%CI). Finally, we included 13 papers in this study. The pooled prevalence rate of Covid‐19 was 2.12% (95%CI: 0.75–5.98). Fever, cough, fatigue and anorexia were the most common symptoms with a rate of 72.72% (95% CI: 57.3 ‐ 92.29), 66.99% (95% CI: 49.08–91.42), 61.58% (95% CI: 46.69–81.21) and 52.55% (95% CI: 35.09–78.68), respectively. The pooled rates were 39.89% (95% CI: 27.09–58.73) for hospitalisation, 4.7% (95% CI: 1.56–14.16) for ICU admission and 25.1% (95%CI: 16.37–38.49) for mortality. On further comparison of hospitalisation and mortality rates among Covid‐19 patients with and without PD, there were no significant differences. In conclusion, the prevalence and prognosis of Covid‐19 patients seem comparable in patients with PD and those without it. The increased hospitalisation and mortality may be attributed to old age and co‐morbidities.
Did court dismiss student's sexual harassment claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: July 2021

A University of Scranton student moved into an off‐campus housing unit with four male classmates. The student's roommate began to make homophobic remarks to the plaintiff shortly after he moved into the residence.
Survey often to ensure programming truly meets student's needs
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2021

Danny Gourley Fischer, the first in his family to go to college, grew up in an area “where cotton is king and education is pretty low on the list of needs.” He was aware of the transformative possibilities of education from an early age. “I just knew early on that education was going to be an avenue of escaping poverty for me,” said Fischer, now Director of the Center for Adult Learners and Veterans at the University of West Georgia.
k‐Resolution sequential randomization procedure to improve covariates balance in a randomized experiment
Authors: Long Mingya , Sun Liuquan , Li Qizhai
Published: July 2021

Balancing allocation of assigning units to two treatment groups to minimize the allocation differences is important in biomedical research. The complete randomization, rerandomization, and pairwise sequential randomization (PSR) procedures can be employed to balance the allocation. However, the first two do not allow a large number of covariates. In this article, we generalize the PSR procedure and propose a k‐resolution sequential randomization (k‐RSR) procedure by minimizing the Mahalanobis distance between both groups with equal group size. The proposed method can be used to achieve adequate balance and obtain a reasonable estimate of treatment effect. Compared to PSR, k‐RSR is more likely to achieve the optimal value theoretically. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to show the superiorities of k‐RSR and applications to the clinical synthetic data and GAW16 data further illustrate the methods.
Sulfamic Acid as Versatile Green Catalyst Used For Synthetic Organic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Update
Authors: Chopra Paavan Kavi Param Gaitry , Lambat Trimurti L. , Mahmood Sami H. , Chaudhary Ratiram G. , Banerjee Subhash
Published: July 2021

In recent times, synthetic organic reactions have gained significant attention as they are becoming a versatile tool in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and their intermediates. Sulfamic acid (SA) is an acid catalyst that demonstrated high efficiency in various organic transformations that will be highlighted in this review. These include efforts to develop green approaches using SA catalyst for the C−C bond formation reactions and functional group transformations, as well as the synthesis of various O− and N‐heterocyclic compounds and other miscellaneous reactions including multicomponent reactions. The easy recovery (for subsequent reuse) of the catalyst by filtration without the need for solvents is an important advantage of SA catalyst. In this review, SA promoted greener methodologies that were developed and the applicability of these methodologies are addressed.
Regio‐ and Diastereo‐Selective Biomimetic Synthesis of (±)‐ϵ‐Viniferin by NIS and Resveratrol
Authors: D'Orsi Rosarita , Morrongiello Francesca , Laurita Teresa , Funicello Maria , Lupattelli Paolo , Chiummiento Lucia
Published: July 2021

In this work, we describe the synthesis of (±)‐permethylated‐ϵ‐viniferin from resveratrol by successive iodination, methylation and dehalogenation reactions. Iodination reaction by N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) was studied to optimize and confirm a proposed radical mechanism. Switching to acetyl protecting group, a new straightforward regio‐ and diastereo‐selective biomimetic synthesis of (±)‐ϵ‐viniferin was obtained. Permethylated and free ϵ‐viniferin were isolated up to 20 %yield.
Radical Propagation Facilitating Aerobic Oxidation of Substituted Aromatics Promoted by Tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Bai Jiatong , Huang Jiangnan , Jiang Qi , Li Yuhang , Wang Hongjuan , Yu Hao , Zhang Qiao , Cao Yonghai , Peng Feng
Published: July 2021

The selective oxidation of aromatics to synthesize valued‐added products is of great significance for chemical industry. Molecule oxygen as oxidant is the priority for this process, however, low efficiency was usually obtained. In this work, a new strategy for aromatics oxidation using O2 and Tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as dual oxidants without catalyst was proposed. Typical radical process was observed when Toluene was used as the substrate. As high as 47.1 % conversion and 87.6 % selectivity of benzol acid were obtained, while a negligible or low activity were observed under O2 or TBHP oxidative systems. Detailed investigation shows that the distribution of products was almost the same between TBHP+N2 and TBHP+O2 processes, in which the very close active energies were obtained (46.0 and 46.3 kJ/mol). These results indicated that TBHP+N2 or TBHP+O2 involved reactions underwent the same reaction process. The mechanism study demonstrated that the decomposition of TBHP could produce abundance of t‐BuO. and .OH radicals, which significantly enhanced the αH abstraction from toluene and formed alkyl radicals. The alkyl radicals then react with O2 to produce peroxides, which started the radical propagation cycle. The overall rate would be enhanced subsequently. Furthermore, an extension application of other aromatic substrates was investigated and displayed a great promising future to produce aromatic products.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Lyso‐phosphatidyl β‐D‐Glucoside
Authors: Kano Koki , Ishii Nozomi , Hirabayashi Yoshio , Kamiguchi Hiroyuki , Greimel Peter , Matsuo Ichiro
Published: July 2021

Lyso‐phosphatidyl β‐D‐glucoside (lysoPtdGlc) is during embryonic development a neurite growth cone guidance cue associated with G‐protein coupled receptor 55, and has been found to be involved in a variety of physiological and pathological events, including inflammatory pain, and cancer. Hence, the ability to prepare large quantities of lysoPtdGlc is an important objective. Herein, we report the convergent chemical synthesis of lysoPtdGlc and its glyceryl epimer (S‐lysoPtdGlc). High stereocontrol during β‐glycosyl H‐phosphonate construction was achieved using a microfluidic approach, and common but undesirable regioisomerization due to acyl migration on the glyceryl subunit was successfully suppressed during deprotection. Purification of the final product was optimized to obtain sufficiently large amounts of lysoPtdGlc and S‐lysoPtdGlc for biological assaying purposes.
Ultrathin Zirconium Hydroxide Nanosheet‐Assembled Nanofibrous Membranes for Rapid Degradation of Chemical Warfare Agents
Authors: Liao Yalong , Chen Wenkun , Li Shouzhen , Jiao Wenling , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: July 2021

Organophosphorus‐based chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are highly poisonous, and recent attacks using nerve agents have stimulated researchers to develop breakthrough materials for their fast degradation. Zr‐based materials have been identified as the most effective catalysts for breaking down CWAs, but in their powdered form, their practical application in personal protective equipment is limited. Herein, a surface‐confined strategy for the direct growth of vertically aligned zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) nanosheets with ultrathin and tortuous structures on nanofibers is reported. The freestanding Zr(OH)4 nanosheet‐assembled nanofibrous membranes (NANMs) show superior catalytic performance to degrade dimethyl methylphosphonate, a nerve agent simulant, with a half‐life of 4 min. In addition, intriguing membrane‐type NANMs feature integrated properties of exceptional breathability, prominent flexibility, and robust fatigue resistance over one million buckling loads. This facile strategy provides a novel route to manufacture new classes of nanosheet‐supported membranes for chemical‐protective materials, in particular for gas filters, protective suits, and clothing.
A nomenclatural study of Plumeria (Apocynaceae: Plumerieae) in the Caribbean Islands
Authors: Tiernan Nichole M. , Gandhi Kanchi , Francisco‐Ortega Javier
Published: July 2021

An update of the nomenclature of 49 Caribbean Island‐occurring taxa of Plumeria (Apocynaceae: Plumerieae) is presented. We designate lectotypes for the following 29 names: Plumeria alba var. jacquiniana, P. apiculata, P. barahonensis, P. beatensis, P. berteroi, P. biglandulosa, P. confusa, P. cuneifolia, P. dictyophylla, P. discolor, P. domingensis, P. gibbosa, P. inaguensis, P. jaegeri, P. jamaicensis, P. krugii, P. leuconeura, P. longiflora, P. marchii, P. obtusa var. laevis, P. obtusa var. parviflora, P. ostenfeldii, P. paulinae, P. pilosula, P. revolutifolia, P. stenopetala, P. stenopetala var. angustissima, P. subsessilis, and P. trouinensis. A neotype is assigned to P. bahamensis, and epitypes are presented for P. alba var. jacquiniana, P. gibbosa and P. stenopetala. Plumeria portoricensis is regarded as an uncertain name. Fifteen of the Cuban endemics were inadvertently lectotypified; three of them (P. cayensis, P. cubensis, P. stenophylla) require a two‐step lectotypification, which is presented here. Two of the names (P. filifolia, P. tuberculata) were lectotypified in previous works and we concord with these typifications. The protologue of P. magna includes the holotype for this name.
Development of a Programming Learning Tool Using a Train Toy
Authors: Ozawa Tsubasa , Matsumoto Mitsuharu
Published: July 2021

In Japan, programming education has become compulsory in elementary school, and it is expected that programming thinking will flourish in elementary school and beyond by fostering programming thinking in young children. There have been several studies of toys for fostering programming thinking in young children. However, they have some problems. In this letter, we develop a programming toy for young children using ‘Plarail’ train toy to overcome problems of the toys used in the previous studies. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Impact of mycofiltration on water quality
Authors: Chandra Deepshikha , Mishra Ashutosh , Trakroo M. Das , Chauhan Rikhi Singh , Mishra Sarvesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

The impact of mycofiltration on water quality parameters was examined in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand located at the coordinates of 28°58′ N, 79°25′ E and 252 m asl. The experiment was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 in circular fiberglassreinforced plastic tanks (water volume 4000 L) with seven duplicate treatments having different filtration rates, namely control, T0 (without filtration); T1 (333 L h−1 through mushroom spent bag), T1' (333 L h−1 through RAS system), T2 (167 L h−1 through mushroom spent bag), T2' (167 L h−1 through recirculated aquaculture system (RAS) system), T3 (83 L h−1 through mushroom spent bag), and T3' (83 L h−1 through RAS system) and different water quality parameters, namely physicochemical, heavy metals, and microbial load were analyzed regularly. Each tank was stocked with 100 number of healthy fingerlings of Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio haematopterus at the rate of 25 fingerlings/m3 in the ratio 3.5:3.5:3.0 and average weight of 20 ± 0.5, 10 ± 0.3 and 10 ± 0.5 g, respectively. The fingerlings were fed daily with 28% crude protein floating feed at the rate of 3–5% body weight. During the experimental period, a lot of improvement was recorded in water quality parameters and microbial loads. The results of the present experiment show that mycofiltration is a better technique for water quality improvement in the fish culture system. The details of the experimental results are described further in the paper.
Test Instrument
Authors: Wess Raphael , Klock Heiner , Siller Hans-Stefan , Greefrath Gilbert
Published: July 2021

Key didactic aspects of mathematical modelling (see Sects. 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3), in particular the possibilities of characterising and acquiring modelling competence (see Sects. 1.1.3 and 1.4), were explained in previous sections.
The pp → W(→ lν) + γ process at next-to-next-to-leading order
Authors: Campbell John M. , De Laurentis Giuseppe , Ellis R. Keith , Seth Satyajit
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We present details of the calculation of the pp → W(→ lν)γ process at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD, calculated using the jettiness slicing method. The calculation is based entirely on analytic amplitudes. Because of the radiation zero, the NLO QCD contribution from the gq channel is as important as the contribution from the Born $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

process, disrupting the normal counting of leading and sub-leading contributions. We also assess the importance of electroweak (EW) corrections, including the EW corrections to both the six-parton channel 0 →$$ \overline{u} d\nu {e}^{+}\gamma g $$

u
¯

dν

e
+

γg
and the five-parton channel 0 →$$ \overline{u} d\nu {e}^{+}\gamma $$

u
¯

dν

e
+

γ
. Previous experimental results have been shown to agree with theoretical predictions, taking into account the large experimental errors. With the advent of run II data from the LHC, the statistical errors on the data will decrease, and will be competitive with the error on theoretical predictions for the first time. We present numerical results for $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 7 and 13 TeV. Analytic results for the one-loop six-parton QCD amplitude and the tree-level seven-parton QCD amplitude are presented in appendices.
(2, 2) Scattering and the celestial torus
Authors: Atanasov Alexander , Ball Adam , Melton Walker , Raclariu Ana-Maria , Strominger Andrew
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Analytic continuation from Minkowski space to (2, 2) split signature spacetime has proven to be a powerful tool for the study of scattering amplitudes. Here we show that, under this continuation, null infinity becomes the product of a null interval with a celestial torus (replacing the celestial sphere) and has only one connected component. Spacelike and timelike infinity are time-periodic quotients of AdS3. These three components of infinity combine to an S3 represented as a toric fibration over the interval. Privileged scattering states of scalars organize into SL(2, ℝ)L×SL(2, ℝ)R conformal primary wave functions and their descendants with real integral or half-integral conformal weights, giving the normally continuous scattering problem a discrete character.
Perfusion Changes in Acute Stroke Treated with Theophylline as an Add-on to Thrombolysis
Authors: Modrau Boris , Winder Anthony , Hjort Niels , Nygård Johansen Martin , Andersen Grethe , Fiehler Jens , Vorum Henrik , Forkert Nils D.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Theophylline has been suggested to have a neuroprotective effect in ischemic stroke; however, results from animal stroke models and clinical trials in humans are controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of theophylline on the cerebral perfusion with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

The relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and relative mean transit time (rMTT) in the infarct core, penumbra, and unaffected tissue were measured using multi-parametric MRI at baseline and 3‑h follow-up in patients treated with theophylline or placebo as an add-on to thrombolytic therapy.

Results

No significant differences in mean rCBF, rCBV, and rMTT was found in the penumbra and unaffected tissue between the theophylline group and the control group between baseline and 3‑h follow-up. In the infarct core, mean rCBV increased on average by 0.05 in the theophylline group and decreased by 0.14 in the control group (p < 0.04). Mean rCBF and mean rMTT in the infarct core were similar between the two treatment groups.

Conclusion

The results indicate that theophylline does not change the perfusion in potentially salvageable penumbral tissue but only affects the rCBV in the infarct core. In contrast to the penumbra, the infarct core is unlikely to be salvageable, which might explain why theophylline failed in clinical trials.
Gezielte Beeinflussung umformtechnisch induzierter Eigenspannungen beim Drahtziehen
Authors: Baumann Markus , Selbmann René , Dobecki Mateus , Kräusel Verena , Reimers Walter , Bergmann Markus
Published: July 2021

Nach dem Drahtziehen treten hohe Zugeigenspannungen in den oberflächennahen Schichten des Drahtes auf. Dieser Eigenspannungszustand ist für die weitere umformtechnische Verarbeitung, z. B. für das Biegen zur Herstellung von Torsionstabfedern, ungeeignet. Nach derzeitigen Standards wird dem Drahtziehen eine Wärmebehandlung nachgeschaltet. In diesem Artikel wird ein neuer Ansatz zur Einstellung des Eigenspannungszustandes direkt im Umformprozess des Drahtes vorgestellt. Durch eine Modifikation der Ziehwerkzeuge mit integrierten Umformelementen sollen niedrigere Zugspannungsniveaus in den oberflächennahen Schichten des Drahtes erzeugt werden. Diese Elemente haben wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Grad der Kaltverfestigung, ohne den Drahtdurchmesser zu verändern. Zunächst werden mittels FE-Simulationen verschiedene Werkzeuggeometrien hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf den Umformgrad sowie den Eigenspannungszustand des gezogenen Drahtes analysiert und bewertet. Durch den Einsatz eines speziell konzipierten Drahtziehwerkzeugs werden experimentelle Versuche durchgeführt und Drahtproben erzeugt. Weiterhin wird die Vorgehensweise für die Messung der Eigenspannungen durch den Einsatz von Röntgenbeugung erläutert. Für weiterführende experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Biegen erfolgte die Konzipierung eines modularen Werkzeuges, das eine Variation der Biegeradien und Drahtdurchmesser ermöglicht.
Assessment of the uncertainty in spatial-correlation models for earthquake ground motion due to station layout and derivation method
Authors: Schiappapietra Erika , Douglas John
Published: July 2021

The evaluation of the aggregate risks to spatially distributed infrastructures and portfolios of buildings requires quantification of the estimated shaking over a region. To characterize the spatial dependency of ground motion intensity measures (e.g. peak ground acceleration), a common geostatistical tool is the semivariogram. Over the past decades, different fitting approaches have been proposed in the geostatistics literature to fit semivariograms and thus characterize the correlation structure. A theoretically optimal approach has not yet been identified, as it depends on the number of observations and configuration layout. In this article, we investigate estimation methods based on the likelihood function, which, in contrast to classical least-squares methods, straightforwardly define the correlation without needing further steps, such as computing the experimental semivariogram. Our outcomes suggest that maximum-likelihood based approaches may outperform least-squares methods. Indeed, the former provides correlation estimates, that do not depend on the bin size, unlike ordinary and weighted least-squares regressions. In addition, maximum-likelihood methods lead to lower percentage errors and dispersion, independently of both the number of stations and their layout as well as of the underlying spatial correlation structure. Finally, we propose some guidelines to account for spatial correlation uncertainty within seismic hazard and risk assessments. The consideration of such dispersion in regional assessments could lead to more realistic estimations of both the ground motion and corresponding losses.
Fatigue and resting-state functional brain networks in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Bekele Biniam Melese , Luijendijk Maryse , Schagen Sanne B. , de Ruiter Michiel , Douw Linda
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This longitudinal study aimed to disentangle the impact of chemotherapy on fatigue and hypothetically associated functional brain network alterations.

Methods

In total, 34 breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy (BCC +), 32 patients not treated with chemotherapy (BCC −), and 35 non-cancer controls (NC) were included. Fatigue was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 fatigue subscale at two time points: baseline (T1) and six months after completion of chemotherapy or matched intervals (T2). Participants also underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). An atlas spanning 90 cortical and subcortical brain regions was used to extract time series, after which Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to construct a brain network per participant per timepoint. Network measures of local segregation and global integration were compared between groups and timepoints and correlated with fatigue.

Results

As expected, fatigue increased over time in the BCC + group (p = 0.025) leading to higher fatigue compared to NC at T2 (p = 0.023). Meanwhile, fatigue decreased from T1 to T2 in the BCC − group (p = 0.013). The BCC + group had significantly lower local efficiency than NC at T2 (p = 0.033), while a negative correlation was seen between fatigue and local efficiency across timepoints and all participants (T1 rho = − 0.274, p = 0.006; T2 rho = − 0.207, p = 0.039).

Conclusion

Although greater fatigue and lower local functional network segregation co-occur in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy, the relationship between the two generalized across participant subgroups, suggesting that local efficiency is a general neural correlate of fatigue.
Dynamic Integrated Model for Assessing Fisheries: Discard Bans as an Implicit Value-Added Tax
Authors: Da Rocha Jose Maria , García-Cutrín Javier , Gutiérrez Maria-Jose , Prellezo Raul , Sanchez Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Integrated economic models have become popular for assessing climate change. In this paper we show how these methods can be used to assess the impact of a discard ban in a fishery. We state that a discard ban can be understood as a confiscatory tax equivalent to a value-added tax. Under this framework, we show that a discard ban improves the sustainability of the fishery in the short run and increases economic welfare in the long run. In particular, we show that consumption, capital and wages show an initial decrease just after the implementation of the discard ban then recover after some periods to reach their steady-sate values, which are 16–20% higher than the initial values, depending on the valuation of the landed discards. The discard ban also improves biological variables, increasing landings by 14% and reducing discards by 29% on the initial figures. These patterns highlight the two channels through which discard bans affect a fishery: the tax channel, which shows that the confiscation of landed discards reduces the incentive to invest in the fishery; and the productivity channel, which increases the abundance of the stock. Thus, during the first few years after the implementation of a discard ban, the negative effect from the tax channel dominates the positive effect from the productivity channel, because the stock needs time to recover. Once stock abundance improves, the productivity channel dominates the tax channel and the economic variables rise above their initial levels. Our results also show that a landed discards valorisation policy is optimal from the social welfare point of view provided that incentives to increase discards are not created.
Verification and Strategy Synthesis for Coalition Announcement Logic
Authors: Alechina Natasha , van Ditmarsch Hans , Galimullin Rustam , Wang Tuo
Published: July 2021

Coalition announcement logic (CAL) is one of the family of the logics of quantified announcements. It allows us to reason about what a coalition of agents can achieve by making announcements in the setting where the anti-coalition may have an announcement of their own to preclude the former from reaching its epistemic goals. In this paper, we describe a PSPACE-complete model checking algorithm for CAL that produces winning strategies for coalitions. The algorithm is implemented in a proof-of-concept model checker.
Learning to design effective professional development: The influence of integrating a coaching tool with an elementary mathematics specialist course assignment
Authors: Baker Courtney K.
Published: July 2021

As content-specific educational coaches, elementary mathematics specialists (EMSs) have emerged as school-based professionals who are needs-driven and work closely with school stakeholders in regard to mathematics teaching and learning. While leading mathematics education organizations have identified the specialized knowledge and skills required for EMS positions, how to best prepare these individuals is knowledge that the field is still exploring. This paper first presents a theoretical model for EMS preparation that aligns an emerging coaching tool, the Decision-Making Protocol for Mathematics Coaching (Baker & Knapp, 2019, [DMPMC]) with the Professional Development Design Framework (Loucks-Horsley et al. in Designing professional development for teachers of science and mathematics, Corwin Press, 2010). The paper then presents a descriptive case study that examines the application of this model in an EMS preparation course. The findings indicate that assessing the coaching situation fostered administrative partnerships, revisiting goals increased specificity of anticipated outcomes, and applying research-informed practices increased EMS self-efficacy and advanced coaching agendas. Taken together, these findings suggest that integrating the DMPMC into an EMS preparation course led to positive changes in EMS candidate learning of professional development design. Notably, this is one of the first studies that documents the influence of a coaching education tool on EMS candidates’ professional development design.
Multi-scale waterfowl habitat conservation planning in Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Palumbo Matthew D. , Straub Jacob N. , Al-Saffar Mohammed A. , Soulliere Gregory J. , Fleener Jason L. , Bergeson Mitchell T. , Coluccy John M. , Cruz Andrew , Finger Taylor , Fowler Drew N. , Glenzinski Brian J. , Griffin Rusty K. , Hygnstrom Scott E. , Kidd Greg , Miller Nicholas A. , Van Horn Kent , Waterstradt Kurt
Published: July 2021

Context

The North American Waterfowl Management Plan and the Upper Mississippi River/Great Lakes Joint Venture waterfowl habitat conservation strategy provide continental and regional guidance, respectively, for waterfowl habitat conservation planning. They were not designed to guide watershed- scale waterfowl habitat delivery.

Objective

Our goal was to develop a waterfowl habitat decision support framework for the state of Wisconsin using biological and social criteria to guide state and local-scale practitioners with an explicit link to larger scale objectives.

Methods

We engaged a core group of wetland and waterfowl experts to decide upon decision support layers relevant to biological and social objectives, evaluate variables, establish weights, and review model outputs for reasonableness and accuracy. We used spatial analyst tools, kernel density estimators, and weighted sums to create spatially explicit models to identify landscapes and watersheds important for waterfowl. We identified habitat resources that exist currently (Conservation Capital) and considered potential resources (Conservation Opportunities) which could enhance wetland restoration efforts.

Results

We developed a transparent framework to identify and prioritize landscapes for conserving waterfowl habitat at the Hydrologic Unit Code 12 watershed scale in Wisconsin, by maintaining continental and regional priorities, and including local landscape characteristics, biological criteria, and researcher, manager, and biologist expertise.

Conclusions

Local detail is critical for implementing waterfowl habitat delivery and making efficient use of limited funds for conservation but can be more abstract in larger regional or continental conservation planning. Our models are science-based, transparent, defensible, and can be modified as social, political, biological, and environmental forces change.
Asymptotic relative submajorization of multiple-state boxes
Authors: Bunth Gergely , Vrana Péter
Published: July 2021

Pairs of states, or “boxes” are the basic objects in the resource theory of asymmetric distinguishability (Wang and Wilde in Phys Rev Res 1(3):033170, 2019. 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.1.033170), where free operations are arbitrary quantum channels that are applied to both states. From this point of view, hypothesis testing is seen as a process by which a standard form of distinguishability is distilled. Motivated by the more general problem of quantum state discrimination, we consider boxes of a fixed finite number of states and study an extension of the relative submajorization preorder to such objects. In this relation, a tuple of positive operators is greater than another if there is a completely positive trace nonincreasing map under which the image of the first tuple satisfies certain semidefinite constraints relative to the other one. This preorder characterizes error probabilities in the case of testing a composite null hypothesis against a simple alternative hypothesis, as well as certain error probabilities in state discrimination. We present a sufficient condition for the existence of catalytic transformations between boxes, and a characterization of an associated asymptotic preorder, both expressed in terms of sandwiched Rényi divergences. This characterization of the asymptotic preorder directly shows that the strong converse exponent for a composite null hypothesis is equal to the maximum of the corresponding exponents for the pairwise simple hypothesis testing tasks.
Discrete mKdV Equation via Darboux Transformation
Authors: Cho Joseph , Rossman Wayne , Seno Tomoya
Published: July 2021

We introduce an efficient route to obtaining the discrete potential mKdV equation emerging from a particular discrete motion of discrete planar curves.
On logicality and natural logic
Authors: Pistoia-Reda Salvatore , San Mauro Luca
Published: July 2021

In this paper we focus on the logicality of language, i.e. the idea that the language system contains a deductive device to exclude analytic constructions. Puzzling evidence for the logicality of language comes from acceptable contradictions and tautologies. The standard response in the literature involves assuming that the language system only accesses analyticities that are due to skeletons as opposed to standard logical forms. In this paper we submit evidence in support of alternative accounts of logicality, which reject the stipulation of a natural logic and assume instead the meaning modulation of nonlogical terms.
Exploring Buddhism as a ‘Tool’ to Support Well-Being: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Western Adopters’ Experiences
Authors: Laurent Li , Sheffield David , Holland Fiona
Published: July 2021

Buddhism is an ancient religion and philosophy of living that is practised worldwide. More recent interest in mindfulness as a practice and intervention in the West has highlighted Buddhist-derived concepts as useful in supporting health and well-being. As a result, the desire to understand Buddhism in its more complete form has strengthened. Although research into mindfulness and compassion is growing, there is a new interest in second-generation mindfulness, i.e. interventions that draw upon a more holistic use of Buddhist practices. To date, little research has explored this in Western contexts. For the current study, Nichiren Buddhists from the United Kingdom who had been practising for at least three years were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore their experience of this practice and how it informed their approach to daily life and, in particular, their health and well-being. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was employed as a method to understand the participants’ experiences. Three themes were generated using an inductive approach: (1) finding meaning—“All experiences have got so much value now”— which reflected the participants’ determination to seek purpose and value in all aspects of their life; (2) Buddhism as a needed ‘tool’—“I use it all the time”—which revealed their practice as an important method to help them manage their lives; and (3) agency—“I’m in control of my destiny”—which highlighted the participants’ engagement (supported by their Buddhist practice) in taking responsibility for their actions and responses. Findings indicate the need for future studies to further explore Buddhism as a mechanism for enhancing and sustaining well-being.
Calmness of Linear Constraint Systems under Structured Perturbations with an Application to the Path-Following Scheme
Authors: Argáez C. , Cánovas M.J. , Parra J.
Published: July 2021

We are concerned with finite linear constraint systems in a parametric framework where the right-hand side is an affine function of the perturbation parameter. Such structured perturbations provide a unified framework for different parametric models in the literature, as block, directional and/or partial perturbations of both inequalities and equalities. We extend some recent results about calmness of the feasible set mapping and provide an application to the convergence of a certain path-following algorithmic scheme. We underline the fact that our formula for the calmness modulus depends only on the nominal data, which makes it computable in practice.
The future ain’t what it used to be
Authors: Andreoletti Giacomo , Spolaore Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

This paper explores mutable futurism, the view according to which the future can literally change—that is, it can happen that a future time t changes from containing an event E to lacking it (or vice versa). Mutable futurism has received little attention so far, and the details and implications of the view are underexplored in the literature. For instance, it currently lacks a precise metaphysical model and a formal semantics. Although we do not endorse mutable futurism, our goal here is to strengthen the case for mutable futurism and help establish it as a worthy contender in the debate on the philosophy of time. To attain this goal, (i) we try to make mutable futurism, along with its metaphysical and inferential commitments, as clear as possible, by providing it with a coherent metaphysical model and a plausible semantics, and (ii) we show that it can be backed by theoretical reasons.
Genome editing in cereal crops: an overview
Authors: Matres Jerlie Mhay , Hilscher Julia , Datta Akash , Armario-Nájera Victoria , Baysal Can , He Wenshu , Huang Xin , Zhu Changfu , Valizadeh-Kamran Rana , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R. , Capell Teresa , Christou Paul , Stoger Eva , Slamet-Loedin Inez H.
Published: July 2021

Genome-editing technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for crop improvement with superior precision and speed. This review presents an analysis of the current state of genome editing in the major cereal crops- rice, maize, wheat and barley. Genome editing has been used to achieve important agronomic and quality traits in cereals. These include adaptive traits to mitigate the effects of climate change, tolerance to biotic stresses, higher yields, more optimal plant architecture, improved grain quality and nutritional content, and safer products. Not all traits can be achieved through genome editing, and several technical and regulatory challenges need to be overcome for the technology to realize its full potential. Genome editing, however, has already revolutionized cereal crop improvement and is poised to shape future agricultural practices in conjunction with other breeding innovations.
The hidden interplay between sex and COVID-19 mortality: the role of cardiovascular calcification
Authors: Cereda Alberto , Toselli Marco , Palmisano Anna , Vignale Davide , Leone Riccardo , Nicoletti Valeria , Gnasso Chiara , Mangieri Antonio , Khokhar Arif , Campo Gianluca , Scoccia Alessandra , Bertini Matteo , Loffi Marco , Sergio Pietro , Andreini Daniele , Pontone Gianluca , Iannopollo Gianmarco , Nannini Tommaso , Ippolito Davide , Bellani Giacomo , Patelli Gianluigi , Besana Francesca , Vignali Luigi , Sverzellati Nicola , Iannaccone Mario , Vaudano Paolo Giacomo , Sangiorgi Giuseppe Massimo , Turchio Piergiorgio , Monello Alberto , Tumminello Gabriele , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Rapezzi Claudio , Colombo Antonio , Giannini Francesco , Esposito Antonio
Published: July 2021

Recent clinical and demographical studies on COVID-19 patients have demonstrated that men experience worse outcomes than women. However, in most cases, the data were not stratified according to gender, limiting the understanding of the real impact of gender on outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the disaggregated in-hospital outcomes and explore the possible interactions between gender and cardiovascular calcifications. Data was derived from the sCORE-COVID-19 registry, an Italian multicentre registry that enrolled COVID-19 patients who had undergone a chest computer tomography scan on admission. A total of 1683 hospitalized patients (mean age 67±14 years) were included. Men had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities, a higher pneumonia extension, more coronary calcifications (63% vs.50.9%, p<0.001), and a higher coronary calcium score (391±847 vs. 171±479 mm3, p<0.001). Men experienced a significantly higher mortality rate (24.4% vs. 17%, p=0.001), but the death event tended to occur earlier in women (15±7 vs. 8±7 days, p= 0.07). Non-survivors had a higher coronary, thoracic aorta, and aortic valve calcium score. Female sex, a known independent predictor of a favorable outcome in SARS-CoV2 infection, was not protective in women with a coronary calcification volume greater than 100 mm3. There were significant differences in cardiovascular comorbidities and vascular calcifications between men and women with SARS-CoV2 pneumonia. The differences in outcomes can be at least partially explained by the different cardiovascular profiles. However, women with poor outcomes had the same coronary calcific burden as men. The presumed favorable female sex bias in COVID-19 must therefore be reviewed in the context of comorbidities, especially cardiovascular ones.
Do historical maps show the maximal anthropopressure in the Carpathians?
Authors: Sobala Michał
Published: July 2021

Many landscapes bear the marks of historical land use. These marks can be the basis for a reconstruction of a historical land use structure as some of them are typical of different types of human activity. The aim of this paper is to determine whether Austrian cadastral maps from the 19th century present the image of the most transformed environment in the Western Carpathians as a result of agricultural activity. Land use structure and terrain forms were detected based on Austrian cadastral maps from 1848, airborne laser scanning and field studies. In two of the test areas, the percentage of arable fields was higher among the plots with stone mounds than the percentage among the plots without them. In the third test area, the relationship was reversed. Also, lynchets, terraces and stone walls sometimes occur in plots that were not arable fields in 1848. Thus, the Austrian cadastral maps from 1848 could not reflect the maximal range of arable fields in the Carpathians in the 19th century. However, it is impossible to determine the historical structure of land use precisely. Nevertheless, an inventory of terrain forms can be used to assess land use when historical maps have not preserved or when available maps do not present land use in detail.
The Role of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in COVID-19
Authors: Stelzer Maximilian , Henes Jörg , Saur Sebastian
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the Review

Elevated levels of anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies are the most important criterion in the diagnosis of anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) and are usually responsible for promoting the risk of thrombotic complications. Now, in the course of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, measurable aPL antibodies have also been detected in a noticeable number of patients showing a variety ranging from studies with only isolated positive tests to cohorts with very high positivity. Thus, the question arises as to whether these two different clinical pictures may be linked.

Recent Findings

The ambivalent results showed a frequent occurrence of the investigated aPL antibodies in COVID-19 patients to an individually varying degree. While some question a substantial correlation according to their results, a number of studies raise questions about the significance of a correlation of aPL antibodies in COVID-19 patients. Within the scope of this review, these have now been described and compared with each other.

Ultimately, it is necessary to conduct further studies that specifically test aPL antibodies in a larger context in order to make subsequent important statements about the role of APS in COVID-19 and to further strengthen the significance of the described comparisons.
Compression–Expansion Fixed Point Theorems for Decomposable Maps and Applications to Discontinuous $$\phi $$-Laplacian problems
Authors: Rodríguez–López Jorge
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we prove new compression–expansion type fixed point theorems in cones for the so-called decomposable maps, that is, compositions of two upper semicontinuous multivalued maps. As an application, we obtain existence and localization of positive solutions for a differential equation with $$\phi $$
ϕ
-Laplacian and discontinuous nonlinearity subject to multi-point boundary conditions. As far as we are aware, the existence results are new even in the classical case of continuous nonlinearities.
Was pike on the menu? Exploring the role of freshwater fish in medieval England
Authors: Maccarinelli Angela
Published: July 2021

Historical sources report that some species of freshwater fish were considered luxury food items in England during the Middle Ages. The high retail price associated with species such as pike, salmon and sturgeon, as well as restrictions of fishing rights on rivers, estuaries and natural and artificial ponds, proves their exclusivity and role as symbols of social privilege. In this work, the zooarchaeological evidence from 11 English sites dated between the 11th and the 15th c. AD is discussed. This paper explores the differences between the ranges of freshwater species recovered from different site types, by looking at specific features that could define these fishes as luxury items: in particular, species selection and fish size are investigated as potentially meaningful variables. The size of fish will be used as an indicator of status and interpreted in view of the increasing phenomenon of fishing from artificial fishponds.
A novel mycothiol-dependent thiol–disulfide reductase in Corynebacterium glutamicum involving oxidative stress resistance
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Xiaona , Luo Jiaxin , Su Tao , Si Meiru , Chen Can
Published: July 2021

ncgl2478 gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum encodes a thiol–disulfide oxidoreductase enzyme annotated as dithiol–disulfide isomerase DsbA. It preserves a Cys–Pro–Phe–Cys active-site motif, which is presumed to be an exclusive characteristic of the novel DsbA–mycoredoxin 1 (Mrx1) cluster. However, the real mode of action, the nature of the electron donor pathway and biological functions of NCgl2478 in C. glutamicum have remained enigmatic so far. Herein, we report that NCgl2478 plays an important role in stress resistance. Deletion of the ncgl2478 gene increases the size of growth inhibition zones. The ncgl2478 expression is induced in the stress-responsive extra-cytoplasmic function-sigma (ECF-σ) factor SigH-dependent manner by stress. It receives electrons preferentially from the mycothiol (MSH)/mycothione reductase (Mtr)/NADPH pathway. Further, NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol–disulfide and a dithiol–disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity; kinetic properties of its demycothiolation are different from those of Mrx1. Site-directed mutagenesis confirms Cys24 is the resolving Cys residue, while Cys21 is the nucleophilic cysteine that is oxidized to a sulfenic acid and then forms an intramolecular disulfide bond with Cys24 or a mixed disulfide with MSH under oxidative stress. In conclusion, our study presents the first evidence that NCgl2478 protects against various stresses by acting as an MSH-dependent thiol–disulfide reductase, belonging to a novel DsbA–Mrx1 cluster.